Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
J an 2 01 6 Bayesian Graphical Models for Multivariate Functional Data

Graphical models express conditional independence relationships among variables. Although methods for vector-valued data are well established, functional data graphical models remain underdeveloped. We introduce a notion of conditional independence between random functions, and construct a framework for Bayesian inference of undirected, decomposable graphs in the multivariate functional data context. This framework is based on extending Markov distributions and hyper Markov laws from random variables to random processes, providing a principled alternative to naive application of multivariate methods to discretized functional data. Markov properties facilitate the composition of likelihoods and priors according to the decomposition of a graph. Our focus is on Gaussian process graphical models using orthogonal basis expansions. We propose a hyper-inverse-Wishart-process prior for the covariance kernels of the infinite coefficient sequences of the basis expansion, establish existence, uniqueness, strong hyper Markov property, and conjugacy. Stochastic search Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are developed for posterior inference, assessed through simulations, and applied to a study of brain activity and alcoholism.
Enhanced CD24 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Correlates with Prognostic Factors

Background : CD24 was originally described as a B cell-specific marker, however its aberrant expression in various solid tumors has recently been reported. Our objective was to determine the pattern and extent of the CD24 expression in colorectal cancer and its related lesions, and to clarify its correlation with clinico-pathological parameters and especially those associated with patients’ prognoses. Methods : A total of 307 colorectal cancers and the related lesions (150 carcinomas, 30 high-grade adenomas, 49 low-grade adenomas, 41 hyperplastic polyps, and 37 normal colorectal epithelia) were immunohistochemically analyzed by treating CD24 monoclonal antibody onto tissue embedded paraffin blocks. Results : CD24 expression was very rarely observed in the normal epithelia, hyperplastic polyps, and low-grade adenomas; however, in high-grade adenomas, the CD24 expression was shown to be mildly increased in the cytoplasm (13.3%). In carcinomas, the CD24 expression was increased substantially in both the membrane (38.0%) and the cytoplasm (44.7%). The expression of CD24 in the membrane was positively correlated with tumor size (p<0.01). The CD24 expression in the cytoplasm was positively correlated with several unfavorable parameters, including a larger tumor size (p<0.01), a higher tumor grade (p<0.01), a higher rate of tumor invasion (p<0.05), and a higher pTNM stage (p<0.05). Conclusion : High levels of CD24 expression in the membrane and cytoplasm were characteristic in colorectal cancer, and the cytoplasmic CD24 expression was correlated with several unfavorable clinical parameters.
Increasing Hydrogen Density with the Cation-Anion Pair BH 4 −-NH 4 + in Perovskite-Type NH 4 Ca ( BH 4 ) 3 SCHOUWINK

A novel metal borohydride ammonia-borane complex Ca(BH4)2·NH3BH3 is characterized as the decomposition product of the recently reported perovskite-type metal borohydride NH4Ca(BH4)3, suggesting that ammonium-based metal borohydrides release hydrogen gas via ammonia-borane-complexes. For the first time the concept of proton-hydride interactions to promote hydrogen release is applied to a cation-anion pair in a complex metal hydride. NH4Ca(BH4)3 is prepared mechanochemically from Ca(BH4)2 and NH4Cl as well as NH4BH4 following two different protocols, where the synthesis procedures are modified in the latter to solvent-based ball-milling using diethyl ether to maximize the phase yield in chlorine-free samples. During decomposition of NH4Ca(BH4)3 pure H2 is released, prior to the decomposition of the complex to its constituents. As opposed to a previously reported adduct between Ca(BH4)2 and NH3BH3, the present complex is described as NH3BH3-stuffed α-Ca(BH4)2. SCHOUWINK, Pascal, et al. Increasing Hydrogen Density with the Cation-Anion Pair BH
Stent Design continued Table 1 Specific Considerations Regarding Polymer-Based Elution in Drug-Eluting Stents

The efficacy and safety of drug-eluting coronary stents might differ depending on the pharmacologic agents and stent delivery systems used. Recent research has focused on the various constituents of drug-delivery stents, including the stent backbone, materials used as drug-delivery vehicles, and the physicochemical properties of the pharmacotherapeutic agents themselves. Metal stents coated with an outer layer of polymer (bioabsorbable or non-bioabsorbable) can be drug-loaded, thus providing more controlled and sustained drug delivery and allowing more optimal drug–tissue interactions. Among the next generation of drug-eluting stents will be a stent that uses the non-bioabsorbable polymer phosphorylcholine to release the sirolimus analogue ABT-578; another stent will use a highly deliverable cobalt-chromium metal alloy stent platform and, for the first time, a bioabsorbable polymeric coating (thin-film polylactic acid) for drug encapsulation and release. [Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2004;5(suppl 2):S9-S15]
Real-time single-molecule tethered particle motion analysis reveals mechanistic similarities and contrasts of Flp site-specific recombinase with Cre and j Int

Flp, a tyrosine site-specific recombinase coded for by the selfish two micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , plays a central role in the maintenance of plasmid copy number. The Flp recombination system can be manipulated to bring about a variety of targeted DNA rearrangements in its native host and under non-native biological contexts. We have performed an exhaustive analysis of the Flp recombination pathway from start to finish by using single-molecule tethered particle motion (TPM). The recombination reaction is characterized by its early commitment and high efficiency, with only minor detraction from ‘non-productive’ and ‘wayward’ complexes. The recombination synapse is stabilized by strand cleavage, presumably by promoting the establishment of functional interfaces between adjacent Flp monomers. Formation of the Holliday junction intermediate poses a rate-limiting barrier to the overall reaction. Isomerization of the junction to the conformation favoring its resolution in the recombinant mode is not a slow step. Consistent with the completion of nearly every initiated reaction, the chemical steps of strand cleavage and exchange are not reversible during a recombination event. Our findings demonstrate similarities and differences between Flp and the mechanistically related recombinases j Int and Cre. The commitment and directionality of Flp recombination revealed by TPM is consistent with the physiological role of Flp in amplifying plasmid DNA.
Integrating a Fast , Non-parametric Bayesian Inference Engine into BayesDB

Loom is a non-parametric Bayesian inference engine that finds meaning in large datasets. We’ve integrated the inference abilities of Loom into the BayesDB probabilistic programming platform, in order to allow non-statisticians to utilize the Loom algorithm for their research. Second, we have experimentally validated the ability of the now-complete Loom algorithm. We have shown that Loom vastly improves on the scalability of its predecessor, the CrossCat machine learning algorithm, with the ability to analyze datasets with 1,000,000 rows in a matter of hours. Loom matched the performance of an expert statistical analysis on a diabetic care dataset in a few hours, with no hand-tuning of parameters, and using just 15 lines of source code.
Ethos and pathos in the delivery room O ethos

b Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the ethos and pathos in the discourses of pregnant women and healthcare professionals in the context of the delivery room. Method: This is a qualitative and interpretative study. The research approach was discourse analysis. The study participants were 36 women and 24 health workers from seven maternity hospitals in midwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Results: The discourses indicate the notion the women have of childbirth, centered in the eyes of others and in their representations. The nurses have difficulty operationalising care and building a professional image. The medical discourse stresses the skills, the ability to intervene in high-risk situations, and changes in the status of the profession. Conclusions: The construction of the ethos of physicians and nurses to essential to design more flexible fields of knowledge and ensure a professional performance that is consistent with their role, committed to the ethical and legal issues of obstetric care.
Cultures of War and Peace : A Comparative Study of Waorani and Semai

The explanation of human violence and war has, in recent years, come increasingly to occupy the attention of social and behavioral scientists. In anthropology, the most influential of the resulting theories have offered final cause explanations that focus on factors largely external to human consciousness and purposes: on adaptations to ecological parameters and on presumed biologically based propensities of one or another sort, especially the maximization of inclusive fitness. This chapter presents some preliminary results of a research project that was designed to address one of the limitations widely acknowledged by both critics and supporters of these ecological and sociobiological hypotheses: their difficulties in accommodating human motivations, the proximate causes of human behavior (see, for example, Orlove 1980; Johnson 1982; Barkow 1984). The field research examined the motivational context of warfare in an Amazonian society, seeking to define the psychological and sociocultural contexts of warfare—the complexes of values, beliefs, attitudes and goals that constitute the motivational context within which violence and warfare were perceived as legitimate and desirable options, and the social forms through which they are manifested. Assessing the significance of psychological and sociocultural factors independent of ecological and biological constraints presents a methodological problem that we have addressed by employing a comparative approach and two phases of research. The first phase was an intensive ethnographic study of the Waorani (more commonly known as "Auca"), a people of the Ecuadorian Amazon who, with a homicide rate of the order of 60% over the past several generations, are the most warlike society yet described (cf. Yost 1981). The field research was conducted during the period of January through December 1987, and concentrated on documenting the psychological, social, cultural, and ecological contexts of Waorani warfare. The second phase, which is now underway, involves the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these data against the comparative background of a similar body of data on the Semai Senoi, an aboriginal people of the Malaysian rainforest, data which we had previously collected during two field studies in 1973-1974 and in 1979-1980. The Semai are apposite for this
Synergistic Effects of NDRG 2 Overexpression and Radiotherapy on Cell Death of Human Prostate LNCaP Cells

Background: Radiation therapy is among the most conventional cancer therapeutic modalities with effective local tumor control. However, due to the development of radio-resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis often occur following radiation therapy. In recent years, combination of radiotherapy and gene therapy has been suggested to overcome this problem. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential synergistic effects of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) overexpression, a newly identified candidate tumor suppressor gene, with radiotherapy against proliferation of prostate LNCaP cell line. Materials and Methods: In this study, LNCaP cells were exposed to X-ray radiation in the presence or absence of NDRG2 overexpression using plasmid PSESpAdenoVator-PSA-NDRG2-IRES-GFP. The effects of NDRG2 overexpression, X-ray radiation or combination of both on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of LNCaP cells were then analyzed using MTT assay and flow cytometery, respectively. Results: Results of MTT assay showed that NDRG2 overexpression and X-ray radiation had a synergistic effect against proliferation of LNCaP cells. Moreover, NDRG2 overexpression increased apoptotic effect of X-ray radiation in LNCaP cells
Injury Control Part 1: Understanding Injuries in the Military Environment

Abstract : The impact of injuries on the mission of the armed forces is dramatic. The purpose of this report is to define injuries and describe their significance in a military context; review several injury classification schemes; and provide an overview of the magnitude of the injury problem for the military. This report defines injury, reviews mechanisms of injury, and describes the major systems commonly used in injury research to classify injuries and their outcomes. The report also compares and contrasts injury coding in military and civilian hospitals. We review the types of hazards that are common causes of injury in the military, such as weapons, transportation, environmental exposures, and training and sports activities. We summarize the impact these types of hazards have on military readiness and the well being of soldiers, both during times of war and in times of peace. Defining injuries and tools used to understand their etiology is a necessary first step in the design and implementation of effective interventions. A companion report, Injury Control Part 2: Strategies for Prevention, details specific intervention strategies for preventing and reducing the injury burden in military populations.
Deletionof peb 4 gene impairs cell adhesionandbio ¢ lmformation inCampylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic bacterium that causes diarrhea in humans. The first step in establishing an infection is adherence to a host cell, which involves two major cell-binding proteins, Peb1A (CBF1) and Peb4 (CBF2). Because the functional role of Peb4 on the cell adhesion remains unclear compared with that of Peb1A, a C. jejuni peb4 deletion mutant was constructed and cell adherence and ability to colonize mouse intestine were studied. The result showed that adherence of the peb4 mutant strain to INT407 cells was 1–2% that of the wild-type strain. Mouse challenge experiments showed a reduced level and duration of intestinal colonization by the mutant compared with the wild-type strain. In addition, fewer peb4 mutant cells than wild-type cells responded to stress by forming a biofilm. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression levels of proteins involved in various adhesion, transport, and motility functions, which are required for biofilm formation by the pathogen, were lower in the peb4 mutant than in the wild-type strain. A Peb4 homolog has prolyl cis/trans-isomerase activity, suggesting that the loss of this activity in the mutant strain may be responsible for the repression of these proteins.
Title The injury resistant ability of melanopsin-expressing intrinsicallyphotosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Neurons in the mammalian retina expressing the photopigment melanopsin have been identified as a class of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). This discovery more than a decade ago has opened up an exciting new field of retinal research, and following the initial identification of photosensitive ganglion cells, several subtypes have been described. A number of studies have shown that ipRGCs subserve photoentrainment of circadian rhythms. They also influence other nonimage forming functions of the visual system, such as the pupillary light reflex, sleep, cognition, mood, light aversion and development of the retina. These novel photosensitive neurons also influence form vision by contributing to contrast detection. Furthermore, studies have shown that ipRGCs are more injury-resistant following optic nerve injury, in animal models of glaucoma, and in patients with mitochondrial optic neuropathies, i.e., Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy and dominant optic atrophy. There is also an indication that these cells may be resistant to glutamateinduced excitotoxicity. Herein we provide an overview of http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neuroscience. 2014.11. 002 0306-4522/ 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IBRO. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org *Correspondence to: K.-F. So, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China. Tel: +86-20-85228362; fax: +86-2085223563. E-mail address: hrmaskf@hku.hk (K.-F. So). Abbreviations: cPAG, caudal periaqueductal gray; DOA, dominant optic atrophy; DRN, dorsal raphe nucleus; GCL, ganglion cell layer; IGL, intergeniculate leaflet; INL, inner nuclear layer; IOP, intraocular pressure; IPL, inner plexiform layer; ipRGCs, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells; JAK/STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus; LHON, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate; OPN, olivary pretectal nucleus; PACAP, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide; RGCs, retinal ganglion cells; SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus. 845 ipRGCs and discuss the injury-resistant character of these neurons under certain pathological and experimental conditions. 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IBRO. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Structural lesion to ribonuclease A caused by reductive stress : Assessment by Raman spectroscopy

The damages induced by reductive radical stress on bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNAse A) were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Gamma-irradiation was used to simulate the endogenous formation of reductive species, in particular •H atom that is a simple one-electron equivalent reducing agent. Specific damages occur at sensitive amino acid sites, selectively, rather than indiscriminately, leading to the structure modification of the protein. Sulfur-containing residues (Met and Cys) and aromatic residues are appreciably attacked. In particular, extensive changes in the disulfide bridge conformations are induced as well as conformational changes of the protein secondary structure; a gradual conversion of α-helical to pleated-sheet geometry was evidenced, indicating a higher ability of reducing radicals in denaturing the protein structure compared with that of oxidizing radical species.
Chronology of the Lower e Middle Pleistocene succession of the south-western part of the Crotone Basin ( Calabria , Southern Italy )

Biostratigraphy based on calcareous nannofossils, integrated by magnetostratigraphic, geochronological and isotopic data, allowed establishing a precise chronological framework for the Pleistocene succession within the south-western sector of the Crotone Basin (Calabria, Southern Italy), where the Pliocenee Pleistocene global stratotype section and point is defined, thus demonstrating that sedimentation was quasi-continuous during most of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. At a large scale, the Pleistocene succession in this sector of the Crotone Basin is characterized by an evident shallowing-upwards trend, showing facies changes from bathyal to shelfal to littoral/continental. However, comparison between adjacent sectors within the investigated area demonstrates that stratigraphic architectures change vastly on very short distances. Our chronological constraints indicate that such changes in sedimentation styles probably occurred in response to differential subsidence rates, which originated tectonically-controlled synsedimentary structures where accommodation space and sediment yield were allotted unevenly. This articulated physiography led to striking differences in the overall thicknesses and organization of Pleistocene stratigraphies and, eventually, to a distinct diachroneity in the first appearance of shallow-marine deposits. In addition, superimposed are complex interplays between regional and local tectonics, eustasy and orbitally-forced climate changes. These interactions have been highlighted by the oxygen isotope stratigraphy established for a part of the studied succession, which is likely to document almost continuously the interval from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 26 to MIS 17. In its younger part (post-MIS 17), chronological ties are poor, as the succession is dominated by shallow-water to continental deposits showing a prominent organization into cyclothems. Nevertheless, based on the chronology of the underlying units, it is feasible that basin infill ended during MIS 15-MIS 14 times. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Risk for Autism SpectrumDisorders According to Period of Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure

s, read full-text articles, and extracted data. The quality of the studies was also assessed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome was the association between antidepressants during pregnancy and ASDs. Secondary outcomes were the associations between antidepressants in each individual trimester or before pregnancy and ASDs. RESULTS Our literature search identified 10 relevant studies with inconsistent results. For prenatal exposure, the meta-analysis on the 6 case-control studies (117 737 patients) evidenced a positive association between antidepressant exposure and ASDs (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; 95% CI, 1.49-2.20). The association was weaker when controlled for past maternal mental illness (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.09-2.12). A similar pattern was found whatever the trimester of exposure considered (first trimester: OR, 2.09, 95% CI,1.66-2.64; second: OR, 2.00, 95% CI, 1.55-2.59; and third: OR, 1.90, 95% CI, 1.20-3.02. Controlled for past maternal mental illness: first trimester: OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.27-2.52, second: OR, 1.67, 95% CI, 1.14-2.45; and third: OR, 1.54, 95% CI, 0.82-2.90). No association was found when the 2 cohort studies were pooled (772 331 patients) for the whole pregnancy (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.91-1.74) or for the first trimester. In addition, preconception exposure to antidepressants was significantly associated with an increased risk for ASDs (OR controlled for past maternal illness, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.49-2.09). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There is a significant association between increased ASD risk and maternal use of antidepressants during pregnancy; however, it appears to be more consistent during the preconception period than during each trimester. Maternal psychiatric disorders in treatment before pregnancy rather than antenatal exposure to antidepressants could have a major role in the risk for ASDs. Future studies should address the problem of this potential confounder. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(6):555-563. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017. 0124 Published online April 17, 2017. Supplemental content Author Affiliations: Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article. Corresponding Author: Florence Gressier, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Univ Paris Sud, Bicêtre University Hospital, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (florence.gressier@aphp.fr). Research JAMA Pediatrics | Original Investigation