Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in maternal regions of provenance

Abstract The analysis of chosen selected Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), populations representing different seed regions: 107 (Międzyzdroje), 305 (Woziwoda), 206 (Strzałowo), 208 (Białowieża), 504 (Bolesławiec), 606 (Józefów) were performed using 10 isoensyme markers: Gdh (E.C.1.4.1.2), Sdh-A, Sdh-B (E.C.1.1.1.25), Pgd-B (E.C.1.1.1.44), Mdh-A, Mdh-C (E.C.1.1.1.37), Got-A, Got-B, Got-C (E.C.2.6.1.1), Dia-C (E.C.1.8.1.4). There were calculated following genetic parameters: allelic frequencies, observed and expected heterozygosities, and Wright’s fixation indexes. In populations, the results of analysis indicated presence of rare alleles. In all study populations, the average effective number of alleles per locus was 1.46 and was lower than expected number of alleles per locus of 1.93. The results for the effective number of alleles of the population per locus were as follows: Strzałowo and Białowieża 1.54, Bolesławiec 1.48, Jozefów 1.44, Świnoujście 1.42, Woziwoda 1.35. Average observed heterozygosity in the studied populations was calculated at the level of 0.26 and it was lower than the expected heterozygosity at 0.28. For populations, the level of heterozygosities were as follow: Strzałowo 0.35, Bolesławiec and Białowieża 0.25, Józefów 0.27, Świnoujście 0.23, Woziwoda 0.26. In particular loci level of heterozygosity was different, as the most heterozygous Mdh-C locus was estimated, while minimum Got-C. Significant differences in allele frequency of Hardy-Weinberg deviation equilibrium were found in 10 cases: Strzałowo (Got-C), Bolesławiec (Got-B), Białowieża (Got-B, Gdh), Józefów (Mdh-C), Międzyzdroje (Got-B, Got-C, Mdh-C), Woziwoda (Got-C, Gdh). All studied populations had a lower effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) comparing to the observed number of alleles (Na). Wright’s fixation indices were negative for populations: Strzałowo (-0.09), Józefów (-0.03), Międzyzdroje (-0.01) and positive for: Białowieża (0.12), Woziwoda and Bolesławiec (0.07). The extremely high Wright’s fixation index (0.12) was observed for Białowieża population.
Helping first-year undergraduates engage in language research

Adopting an ‘exploratory action research’ design and drawing primarily on a reflective journal and interviews, this study recounts the process of supporting first-year Applied Languages students (learning French, German and Spanish) as they started to engage in language research. Certain challenges they faced in engaging with the inquiry-based learning were apparent at the outset, while others emerged; these were addressed ethically in the spirit of ‘exploratory practice’. Our narrative account is structured around key themes. These are subsequently the focus of our discussion, which highlights the process-oriented actions that arose from our developing understandings and the future actions still required. Conclusions focus on the benefits gained by learners and teachers.
Grapevine Microbiomics: Bacterial Diversity on Grape Leaves and Berries Revealed by High-Throughput Sequence Analysis of 16S rRNA Amplicons

We used the culture-independent method of high-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons to analyze the diversity of bacteria associated with the leaf and berry surfaces of 'Chardonnay' grape in a vineyard close to harvest. Combined, more than half of all bacterial sequences were classified as Proteobacteria. Other well-represented phyla were the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The most abundantly represented genera were Sphingomonas, Hymenobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Skermanella, Leuconostoc, Massilia, Methylobacterium, Cellvibrio, and Curtobacterium. Together, these top 10 genera accounted for almost one-third of all sequences. We observed differences in the composition of bacterial communities between leaves and berries. Members of the genera Sphingomonas, Hymenobacter and Methylobacterium were abundant on foliage, whereas Achromobacter, Flavobacterium and Cellvibrio were typical for the fruit. Moreover, certain Pseudomonas species appeared to associate exclusively with leaf surfaces, while others were found more frequently on berries. Unanticipated was the discovery of a novel Proteobacterium that dominated the bacterial community on berry surfaces. Our results form the basis for future investigations into the relationship between the structure of microbial communities on grape leaves and berries and the ecosystem (dis)services that these communities provide to grape growers at different pre- and post-harvest stages of production.
Postprandial Lipaemia, Haemostasis, Inflammatory Response and other Emerging Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: The Influence of Fatty Meals

Adverse changes in postprandial metabolism may promote the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through a range of mechanisms. Since a large proportion of our day is spent in the postprandial state it is important to understand these post meal changes with respect to both the amount and type of nutrient consumed. Of particular importance appear to be the fatty meals, commonly eaten and which can induce significant postprandial lipaemia, accumulation of potentially atherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants and formation of highly oxidisable small, dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL). In addition to these relatively well established lipaemic effects there is growing evidence that high-fat foods also have adverse effects on a number of the emerging CVD risk factors including haemostasis, mediators of inflammation and endothelial function. This review will consider the acute effects of high-fat feeding, investigating any differential effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, on postprandial lipaemic profile, haemostatic clotting factors fibrinogen and factor VII, acute phase C-reactive protein (C-RP), inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular reactivity.
Trend and Timing of Maternal Death in Mizan-Aman and Gebretsadikshawo General Hospitals Ethiopia 2011 - 2015 Case Control Study

Background: The economic burden on family, total lost economic productivity and out of pocket expenditure of households with maternal death is 10 times higher than that in without maternal death. Even though our country reduces the maternal death from previous times as the report of international organizations, still the number of death that occurs currently is high as WHO maternal death classification. Objective: To identify the trend and timing of maternal death in Mizan -Amanand Gebretsadikshawo general hospitals Ethiopia 2011-2015 a five years retrospective analysis Methods: Institution based retrospective case control study design was conducted to investigate the trend and time of maternal death. A total of 595 samples, 119 cases and 476 controls were included from the maternal logbooks of the hospitals based on proportional allocation to patient flow of the hospitals. The collected data was entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and then exported for analysis to STATA version 13.1. Result: Most death (74.8%) occurred during post-partum period. From post-partum period the first three days is crucial, which accounts 69(77.5%) of deaths occurred within 72 hours of delivery. Only 17.6% of women died in Intrapartum period. The maternal mortality was higher in 2013 and lower in 2015. Conclusion: The number of maternal death has a fluctuation pattern. MMR is high as compared to national figure and it is in range of very high maternal death classification as per WHO classification. Most of the women died in post-partum period particularly within three days.
Evolution of Aflatoxins Levels during Storage of Cowpeas ( Vigna unguiculata L Walp ) Bagged Pics Containing Lippia multiflora Moldenke Leaves and Ivorian Exposure Risk

The methods of cowpea storage using biopesticides, without risk to human health and the environment, could be an alternative in the fight against pests. The leaves of savanna tea (Lippia multiflora Moldenke) were tested for their antifungal properties, anti-pest infestations on stocks of cereals and legumes. Thus, the evolution of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) during the storage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L Walp) in PICS bags containing a biopesticide was studied. The risk of exposure associated with the consumption of cowpea was also studied. The results show the presence of total aflatoxins in 29.41% of the samples, with 8.82% of aflatoxin B1 at levels above the reference values. PICS bags ensure a longer shelf as control polypropylene bags. Adding Lipppia multiflora makes this even more effective conservation and allows the preservation of the health quality of cowpea to 8 months. The risk of aflatoxin exposure is lower when cowpeas stored in PICS bags with biopesticide that when stored in PICS bags without biopesticide or polypropylene bags.
Comparative Advantage in Innovation and Production

This paper develops a dynamic model of innovation and international trade in which agents can direct their research efforts to specific goods in the economy. Trade affects the direction of innovation through its impact on the expected market size for an invention, leading to a two-way relationship between trade and technology absent in standard quantitative Ricardian models. Following a theory-consistent strategy to estimate the extent of endogenous adjustments in technology, I find that they can account for about half of the observed variance in comparative advantage in production in a sample of 29 countries and 18 manufacturing industries. In addition, the model suggests that standard Ricardian models overestimate the reductions in real income from increases in trade costs and underestimate the rise in real income due to trade liberalizations. (JEL F11, F14, L60, O31, O32)
Alterations in Lipid Peroxidation and Certain Antioxidant Enzymes in Different Age Groups under Physiological Conditions

Abstract Free radicals and peroxides are involved in physiological phenomena such as synthesis of prostaglandin and thromboxanes and are thought to participate in aging process. Free radicals are also responsible for the pathogenesis of various diseases like atherosclerosis, inflammatory diseases and malignancies etc. The objective of the present work was to investigate the possible role of free radicals in aging process by studying age related changes in lipid peroxidation and in certain antioxidant enzymes like xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione. The level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant initiating enzyme xanthine oxidase and antioxidant scavenging enzymes like superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione was estimated in 300 healthy male and females ranging in age from 15 to 65 years. The level of xanthine oxidase enzyme and lipid peroxidation was significantly increased while the levels of antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione were deceased significantly in plasma with the increase of age. Our observations are suggesting that old age is associated with an increase in systematic oxidative stress.
Reflections on the labyrinth: Investigating black and minority ethnic leaders’ career experiences

Black and minority ethnic (BME) employees appear to experience more difficulty reaching senior leadership positions than do their white counterparts. Using Eagly and Carli’s metaphor of the labyrinth, our aim was to give voice to black and minority ethnic managers who have successfully achieved senior management roles, and compare their leadership journeys with those of matched white managers. This article used semi-structured interviews and attribution theory to examine how 20 black and minority ethnic and 20 white senior managers from a UK government department made sense of significant career incidents in their leadership journeys. Template analysis was used to identify facilitators and barriers of career progression from causal explanations of these incidents. Although BME and white managers identified four common themes (visibility, networks, development and line manager support), they differed in how they made sense of formal and informal organizational processes to achieve career progression. The findings are used to theorize about the individual and organizational factors that contribute to the leadership journeys of minority ethnic employees.
Leaching and Recovery of Rare-Earth Elements from Neodymium Magnet Waste Using Organic Acids

Over the last decade, rare-earth elements (REEs) have become critical in the European Union (EU) in terms of supply risk, and they remain critical to this day. End-of-life electronic scrap (e-scrap) recycling can provide a partial solution to the supply of REEs in the EU. One such product is end-of-life neodymium (NdFeB) magnets, which can be a feasible source of Nd, Dy, and Pr. REEs are normally leached out of NdFeB magnet waste using strong mineral acids, which can have an adverse impact on the environment in case of accidental release. Organic acids can be a solution to this problem due to easier handling, degradability, and less poisonous gas evolution during leaching. However, the literature on leaching NdFeB magnets waste with organic acids is very scarce and poorly investigated. This paper investigates the recovery of Nd, Pr, and Dy from NdFeB magnets waste powder using leaching and solvent extraction. The goal was to determine potential selectivity between the recovery of REEs and other impurities in the material. Citric acid and acetic acid were used as leaching agents, while di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was used for preliminary solvent extraction tests. The highest leaching efficiencies were achieved with 1 mol/L citric acid (where almost 100% of the REEs were leached after 24 h) and 1 mol/L acetic acid (where >95% of the REEs were leached). Fe and Co—two major impurities—were co-leached into the solution, and no leaching selectivity was achieved between the impurities and the REEs. The solvent extraction experiments with D2EHPA in Solvent 70 on 1 mol/L leachates of both acetic acid and citric acid showed much higher affinity for Nd than Fe, with better extraction properties observed in acetic acid leachate. The results showed that acetic acid and citric acid are feasible for the recovery of REEs out of NdFeB waste under certain conditions.
Recruitment in a changing environment: the 2000s North Sea herring recruitment failure

Environmentally induced change appears to be impacting the recruitment of North Sea herring (Clupea harengus). Despite simultaneously having a large adult population, historically low exploitation, and Marine Stewardship Council accreditation (implying sustainability), there have been an unprecedented 6 sequential years of poor juvenile production (recruitment). Analysis suggests that the poor recruitment arises during the larval overwintering phase, with recent survival rates greatly reduced. Contemporary warming of the North Sea has caused significant changes in the plankton community, and a recently identified regime shift around 2000 shows close temporal agreement with the reduced larval survival. It is, therefore, possible that we are observing the first consequences of this planktonic change for higher trophic levels. There is no indication of a recovery in recruitment in the short term. Fishing mortality is currently outside the agreed management plan, and forecasts show a high risk of the stock moving outside safe biological limits soon, potentially precipitating another collapse of the stock. However, bringing the realized fishing mortality back in line with the management plan would likely alleviate the problem. This illustrates again that recruitment is influenced by more than just spawning-stock biomass, and that changes in other factors can be of equal, or even greater, importance. In such dynamically changing environments, recent management success does not necessarily guarantee future sustainability.
A Bacillus Strain Able to Hydrolyze Alpha- and Beta-Keratin

The ability to hydrolyze keratin, a rigid and strongly cross-linked protein in the waste of poultry feather and sheep wool, has made keratinase production by microorganisms highly important to the biotechnological industry. A proteindegrading bacterium (C4) was isolated from compost. Based on morphology and biochemical tests, along with 16S rRNA sequencing, the isolated C4 was tentatively identified as Bacillus sp. C4 (2008). The proteolytic activity of the Bacillus sp. C4 strain was broadly specific; it degraded keratinous and non-keratinous proteins to different degrees. Pea pods as substrate generated the highest protease production, followed by soybean meal and sheep wool. Notwithstanding, using wool keratin as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen yielded the highest level of soluble proteins. Furthermore, the C4 bacterium grew well, and produced a significant level of keratinase when using wool and feather as substrates. Supplementing the medium with yeast extract and peptone shortened the time required for feather degradation, but delayed the onset of the wool keratin hydrolysis with two days. The predominant amino acids released in feather hydrolysate were tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine. In contrast, the wool lysate was rich in aspartic acid, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, and lysine. Results established that utilizing the C4 strain for keratin degradation in waste management holds considerable potential.
Elderly drug utilization in the community assessed through pharmacy dispensing data

People of 65 years and above now comprise a greater share of the world's population than ever before, and this proportion will increase during the 21st century. In Spain, between 55 and 90% of the elderly consume a drug. This study characterizes the use of drugs by elderly through dispensing data at the community pharmacy. This study was conducted at a community pharmacy in Madrid, Spain in 2011. A retrospective and descriptive consumption study was conducted using computerized pharmacy dispensing records for all pensioner patients. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification code of all drugs dispensed was recorded in this database accordingly and this classification was used. The 10 most widely used ATC subgroups (2nd level) were determined. These most widely used ATC subgroups were examined using ATC-codes of the 5th level, thus mostly consumed drugs were estimated. A total of 40, 177 drugs were dispensed to patients with prescriptions for pensioners. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic were by far the most widely used drugs: 37.2% of all elderly used drugs from this subgroup. The use of drugs from the remaining nine subgroups was considerably lower, ranging from 9.0% (drugs for obstructive airway diseases) to 4.5% (antineoplastic and beta blocking agents). Cardiac therapy and psycholeptic were used by 7.8%. Diuretic were used by 7.5% of elderly people, while antibacterial for systemic use and psycoanaleptic were used by 5.6%. Psychoanaleptics was consumed in 5.6%, mostly represented by venlafaxine and citalopram. According to the dispensing data, drug use in this sample is similar to that reported by other studies conducted in Spain and abroad. Majority of the elderly were exposed to anti-inflammatory, analgesic and drugs for obstructive airway diseases. Other ATC-subgroups for treatment of cardiovascular conditions were used. This study demonstrates the need for involvement of pharmacists to ensure efficacy and safety in the use of drugs by sensitive populations such as elderly at the community setting. Key words: Community pharmacy, elderly, drug use, Spain.
12 Temporal Order of DNA Replication

THE REPLICATION CLOCK In every organism, DNA replication takes place in an ordered physical and temporal fashion. Although this process is primarily necessary to carry out the task of copying the genome, it may also indirectly play a role in the regulation of gene expression. In Escherichia coli, for example, the entire 4-Mb circular chromosome undergoes bidirectional DNA synthesis that is initiated from a single origin. It takes at least 40 minutes to copy the complete bacterial genome, and as a result, genes located near the origin are replicated early in the cell cycle whereas those positioned at the opposite end of the chromosome are synthesized late in the cycle. One direct consequence of this temporal organization is that in rapidly dividing cells, the early-replicating genes themselves accumulate differentially in high copy number (von Meyenburg and Hansen 1987), and this most certainly has profound effects on the overall expression pattern of the organism. Compared to prokaryotes, eukaryotic organisms contain a much larger genome. Although the total DNA is divided into separate chromosome molecules, each of these entities in itself carries a considerable amount of genetic information, and DNA synthesis is accomplished through the action of multiple bidirectional origins. If all of these replication units were activated simultaneously, the entire process of replication could be completed very quickly. However, replication starts are actually distributed in a programmed manner throughout the length of S phase, and, as a consequence, each origin is turned on at a specific time. In the yeast Saccharomyces .
Solar signals in CMIP‐5 simulations: the ozone response

A multiple linear regression statistical method is applied to model data taken from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP‐5) to estimate the 11‐year solar cycle responses of stratospheric ozone, temperature, and zonal wind during the 1979–2005 period. The analysis is limited to the six CMIP‐5 models which resolve the stratosphere (high‐top models) and which include interactive ozone chemistry. All simulations assumed a conservative 11‐year solar spectral irradiance (SSI) variation based on the Naval Research Laboratory model. These model responses are then compared to corresponding observational estimates derived from two independent satellite ozone profile datasets and from ERA‐Interim reanalysis meteorological data. The models exhibit a range of 11‐year responses with three models (CESM1‐WACCM, MIROC‐ESM‐CHEM and MRI‐ESM1) yielding substantial solar‐induced ozone changes in the upper stratosphere which compare favourably with available observations. The remaining three models do not, apparently because of differences in the details of their radiation and photolysis rate codes. During winter in both hemispheres, the three models with stronger upper‐stratospheric ozone responses produce relatively strong latitudinal gradients of ozone and temperature in the upper stratosphere which are associated with accelerations of the polar night jet under solar maximum conditions. This behaviour is similar to that found in the satellite ozone and ERA‐Interim data, except that the latitudinal gradients tend to occur at somewhat higher latitudes in the models. The sharp ozone gradients are dynamical in origin and assist in radiatively enhancing the temperature gradients, leading to a stronger zonal wind response. These results suggest that simulation of a realistic solar‐induced variation of upper‐stratospheric ozone, temperature and zonal wind in winter is possible for at least some coupled climate models even if a conservative SSI variation is adopted.