Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Murine gamma interferon activates the release of a macrophage-derived Ia-inducing factor that transfers Ia inductive capacity

In this report we demonstrate that when the murine macrophage tumor cell line P- 388D1 is incubated for 48-72 h with either concanavalin A- stimulated rat spleen cell supernatant or cloned murine immune interferon (IFN-gamma), the cultured cells release a cell-free factor activity that in turn induces the cell surface expression of Ia antigen on the murine monocyte cell line WEHI-3. This IFN-gamma-stimulated, Ia- inducing activity cannot be blocked with an anti-IFN-gamma heteroantiserum that does block the induction of Ia expression on WEHI- 3 by both cloned murine IFN-gamma and rat Con A supernatant. The Ia- inducing factor ( IaIF ) generated from P- 388D1 after stimulation by IFN-gamma does not demonstrate any antiviral activity. The P- 388D1 - derived IaIF is not shed plasma membrane Ia glycoprotein molecules, as demonstrated by the inability of the active component to bind specifically to an anti-I-Ad affinity column or to a protein A column after the active supernatant is first treated with an excess of anti-I- E/Cd,k monoclonal antibody.
The relationship between problem co-workers and quality work practices: A case study of exposure to sexual harassment, substance abuse, violence and job stress

The current study examined employees' exposure to co-worker behavioural problems (violence} hostility, sexual harassment and substance abuse) and organizational climate factors that support total quality management (TQM) work practices. Utilizing survey data from a municipal organization in the southwestern USA (n = 764), regression analyses (a) assessed whether exposure to problems was associated with climate (teamwork, customer orientation, empowerment), and (b) compared problem co-workers with other job-stress indices (e.g. conflict, strain). Analyses controlled for personal (e.g. job commitment) and organizational factors. Relationships were found between employee emotional reactions to witnessing violence}harassment and both teamwork and empowerment. Job strain also correlated with empowerment. Results suggest that researchers may benefit from further study of co-worker exposure and from creating links between behavioural risk management and quality work practices.
Investigating Predictors of Academic Success in a Foundational Business Mathematics Course

Research reveals that the majority of students are unprepared in making the transition from high school to college mathematics. Many students choose majors outside of STEM and business fields to pursue degrees with less rigorous mathematics requirements. According to recent findings, it is likely that over 25% of all freshmen will fail their first mathematics course. Few studies examine student success in business mathematics courses, and business is currently the most popular major in the United States. Thus, the purpose of this research was to examine what factors predict success in a foundational business mathematics course (BUS 111) at a large Northeastern university. Eight independent variables were examined: gender, high school GPA, mathematics SAT score, score on the university’s placement exam, student attitudes using the Attitudes Towards Mathematics Inventory (ATMI), anxiety using the Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS), number of hours per week spent on mathematics, and number of classes missed. The dependent variable was BUS 111 final average. All students ( n = 247) enrolled in BUS 111 were invited to participate during the Fall 2015. Upon completion of pre- and post-surveys, multiple regression was used to determine which variables were significant predictors. Statistical findings revealed that placement score, high school GPA, a combination of ATMI/MAS scores, and number of classes missed were the best predictors of BUS 111 average overall (R 2 = 44.2%, p = 0.000). Different models are presented for comparison and examination. Significant correlations found between perceived instructor effectiveness and student attitudes, anxiety, and course grades are also presented. Overall, combinations of non-affective and affective measures serve as the best predictors of success in business mathematics.
Irradiation tests of the complete ALICE TPC Front-End Electronics chain

The ALICE TPC Front End Electronics will be operated in a radiation field of up to 800 hadrons/cm2 sec. SRAM-based FPGAs are used on the Front-End Cards (FEC) and the Readout Control Units (RCU). Several irradiation tests of all components on the cards have ensured that the components selected are able to withstand the radiation environment, but have also shown that single event upsets will occur in theFPGAs. As system stability and endurance are major concerns, effort has been put into reducing the implications of radiation effects to a minimum,for instance by using the active reconfiguration option as given by the Xilinx Virtex-II pro FPGA.
Correction

The genetic study of the capacity to form specific immune responses has revealed that the recognition of antigens by individual animals and inbred strains is governed by the product of dominant genes located in the genome in close relationship with the genes coding for the molecules bearing the major histocompatibility specificities (1, 2) . This has been verified in mice (3), guinea pigs (4), rats (5), chickens (6), and rhesus monkeys (7) . These immune response genes have been termed histocompatibility, or H-linked Ir genes. The presence of the relevant genes permit immune responses to be formed . Individual genes were thought to control the responses to specific antigens (1-7) . However, this report demonstrates that at least two genetically separable loci are required for immunological responsiveness to the linear synthetic terpolymer of L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, and L-phenylalanine (GLP), The immune response to the synthetic polypeptide GL4) was previously characterized by Merryman et al . (8, 9) . These investigators demonstrated that the immune response to GL-t is inherited as a Mendelian dominant character and the gene controlling GU~ responsiveness was linked to the H-2 complex . In a previous report (10), using H-2 recombinant mice, we tentatively mapped the Ir-GL-t gene within the I region of the H-2 complex, more precisely, in the region currently termed I-B . This report demonstrates the requirement for at least two H-2-linked Ir-GL-t genes for GL-1, responsiveness . Thus, F, hybrids derived from selected nonresponder parental strains are shown to be GL4~ responders. Furthermore, these genes have been localized in different regions of the H-2 complex . Thus, selected recombinant strains demonstrated high levels of anti-GLD antibody, although each of the parental strains from which the recombinants were derived were nonresponders .
Stroke unit versus neurology ward--a before and after study.

INTRODUCTION Few studies have tested the hypothesis of whether the beneficial effect of Stroke Units (SUs) can be reproduced in routine clinical practice and whether SU are also superior to neurological wards [NWs]. We aimed to compare the outcomes of patients of a newly implemented SU to the outcomes of patients hospitalized in a NW. METHODS We made a before-after comparison of 352 SUs and 352 NWs patients after adjusting for case-mixes by the multivariate method. Subgroup analyses were also performed to evaluate which patient groups benefit the most. In-hospital case-fatality, proportion of independent patients at discharge, length of hospital stay (LOHS), medical complication rate were the main outcome measures. RESULTS Adjusted in-hospital case fatality was significantly reduced in the SUs (OR: 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.26-0.76; p = 0.003). The proportion of independent patients at discharge and patients having medical complications was not different. Length of hospital stay was shorter in SU patients (13.76 days vs. 16.72 days, p = 0.003). Treatment in the SUs decreased case fatality in many subgroups [men, elderly, early admitted, severe stroke, co-morbidity present and ischemic stroke groups]. DISCUSSION The results of randomized trials in favor of SUs can be reproduced in routine clinical practice. The benefit of SU care seems to be more apparent with advancing age and increasing stroke severity. Stroke Unit seems to be a better alternative to an experienced NW.
Host discrimination of Mycoplasma pneumoniae proteinaceous immunogens

The immune response of experimentally infected hamsters and human patients to Mycoplasma pneumoniae was examined by radioimmunoprecipation in conjunction with gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Both intrinsically and extrinsically labeled mycoplasma proteins were coincubated with acute and convalescent sera in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Two M. pneumoniae proteins were selectively precipitated by convalescent sera. These predominant immunogens were trypsin-sensitive, antibody-accessible surface proteins that co-migrate on polyacrylamide gels with proteins P1 and P2, which were previously implicated by us as mediators of cytadsorption. Anti-M. pneumoniae antiserum did not precipitate radiolabeled antigens derived from Mycoplasma orale or Mycoplasma salivarium. These data indicate that M. pneumoniae infection stimulates a specific and highly targeted host antibody response to key proteinaceous immunogens.
Inhibition of the growth of Rickettsia prowazekii in cultured fibroblasts by lymphokines

The effect of lymphokine treatment of mouse and human fibroblast cell lines on the growth of Rickettsia prowazekii within the fibroblasts was studied. Treatment of mouse L929 cells with concanavalin A- or antigen- induced mouse lymphokines both before and after infection with R. prowazekii led to clearance of the rickettsiae from a substantial proportion of the cells and suppression of rickettsial growth in those cells which remained infected. Similar but less dramatic anti- rickettsial effects were observed in L929 cells treated with mouse lymphokines either only before or after infection with rickettsiae. Mouse lymphokine treatment of L929 cells had similar anti-rickettsial effects on the avirulent E strain and the virulent Breinl strain of R. prowazekii. Addition of cycloheximide or emetine to L929 cells at the same time as the lymphokines markedly suppressed the inhibition of rickettsial growth by the lymphokines. Mouse lymphokine treatment inhibited rickettsial survival and growth in mouse 3T3-A31 cells as well as in mouse L929 cells, but had no effect on rickettsial survival and growth in human foreskin fibroblasts. Conversely, concanavalin A- induced human lymphokines inhibited rickettsial survival and growth in human foreskin fibroblasts but had no effect on rickettsial survival and growth in mouse L929 cells. The rickettsia inhibitory activity in concanavalin A-induced mouse lymphokines was destroyed by heating the lymphokines at 80 degrees C for 10 min or by holding the lymphokines at pH 2 for 24 h but was retained after heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min.
Synthetic Fc peptide-mediated regulation of the immune response. I. Characterization of the immunomodulating properties of a synthetic 23- amino acid peptide derived from the sequence of the CH3 domain of human IgG1

A synthetic 23-amino acid peptide derived from the CH3 domain of human IgG1 was found to be a potent adjuvant as well as a polyclonal activator. The Fc peptide was found to enhance human and murine humoral, and T cell-mediated immune responses. Moreover, in vivo administration of Fc peptide enhanced murine natural killer cell activity. The synthetic Fc peptide was found to be more potent, on a molar basis, than native Fc fragments in inducing polyclonal antibody production and potentiating immune responses.
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Ia expression by vascular endothelium is inducible by activated T cells and by human gamma interferon

We have used monoclonal antibody binding, measured by radioimmunoassay, fluorescence flow cytometry, and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, to measure expression of Ia antigens on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells. Under standard culture conditions, HUVE cells do not express Ia antigens. However, treatment of primary HUVE cultures with phytohemagglutinin induces the expression of Ia antigens. Every endothelial cell in the culture becomes Ia-positive and endothelial cells appear to synthesize Ia. HLA-A,B is concomitantly increased. The expression of Ia appears to be mediated by T cells because (a) pretreatment of primary HUVE cultures with OKT3 plus complement blocks the action of the lectins but not of medium conditioned by lectin- activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells; (b) co-culture of endothelial cells with allogeneic T cells, in the absence of lectin, also induces endothelial Ia; and (c) human immune (gamma) interferon, produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the human gamma interferon gene, directly induces endothelial Ia. During co- culture with lymphocytes, about one-third of the endothelial cells are Ia-positive after 24 h and all of the endothelial cells are Ia-positive by 72 h. Proliferation of allogeneic T cells starts by 96 h and peaks at 144 h. Thus, endothelial Ia appears sufficiently early to be a determinant for the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. Inducible expression of Ia by endothelium may be important both for allograft rejection and for recruitment of circulating T cells into the site of an immune response.
T cell regulation of B cell activation. I-A-restricted T suppressor cells inhibit the major histocompatibility complex-restricted interactions of T helper cells with B cells and accessory cells

The present studies were carried out to characterize the cellular interactions involved in the activation and function of the antigen- specific and antigen-nonspecific T suppressor (Ts) cells that regulate the IgG responses of Lyb-5-B cells. The in vitro activation of both Lyt- 1+2- antigen-nonspecific Ts cells and Lyt-1-2+ antigen-specific Ts cells was shown to require the interaction of accessory cells and antigen-primed T cells. It was further demonstrated that this interaction was major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted in that T cell recognition of I-A-encoded determinants on accessory cells was required for Ts cell activation. The activation of antigen-primed (A X B)F1 T cells with antigen in the presence of parentA or parentB accessory cells resulted, respectively, in the generation of parentA- restricted or parentB-restricted Ts cells. ParentA-restricted F1 Ts cells suppressed the responses generated by (A X B)F1 T helper (Th) cells cooperating with parentA (B + accessory) cells but did not suppress responses by the same (A X B)F1 Th cell population cooperating with parentB (B + accessory) cells. Neither parentA-restricted Ts cells alone nor parentB-restricted Ts cells alone suppressed the responses of (A X B)F1 (B + accessory) cells, whereas a mixture of these two Ts cell populations was able to significantly suppress the responses of F1 (B + accessory) cells. In contrast, responses of (A X B)F1 leads to parentA Th cells (restricted to recognizing parentA but not parentB MHC determinants on F1 cells) and (A X B)F1 (B + accessory) cells was suppressed by parentA-restricted Ts cells but not by parentB-restricted Ts cells. Collectively these findings suggest that the Ts cell populations characterized here do not function by directly inhibiting the activity of Th cells, B cells or accessory cells of a given MHC genotype, but rather that they appear to function through a unique mechanism involving highly specific inhibition of the interaction between MHC-restricted Th cells and the (B + accessory) cells required for these responses.
Resolvins

Aspirin (ASA) is unique among current therapies because it acetylates cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enabling the biosynthesis of R-containing precursors of endogenous antiinflammatory mediators. Here, we report that lipidomic analysis of exudates obtained in the resolution phase from mice treated with ASA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6) produce a novel family of bioactive 17R-hydroxy-containing di- and tri-hydroxy-docosanoids termed resolvins. Murine brain treated with aspirin produced endogenous 17R-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid as did human microglial cells. Human COX-2 converted DHA to 13-hydroxy-DHA that switched with ASA to 17R-HDHA that also proved a major route in hypoxic endothelial cells. Human neutrophils transformed COX-2-ASA–derived 17R-hydroxy-DHA into two sets of novel di- and trihydroxy products; one initiated via oxygenation at carbon 7 and the other at carbon 4. These compounds inhibited (IC50 ∼50 pM) microglial cell cytokine expression and in vivo dermal inflammation and peritonitis at ng doses, reducing 40–80% leukocytic exudates. These results indicate that exudates, vascular, leukocytes and neural cells treated with aspirin convert DHA to novel 17R-hydroxy series of docosanoids that are potent regulators. These biosynthetic pathways utilize omega-3 DHA and EPA during multicellular events in resolution to produce a family of protective compounds, i.e., resolvins, that enhance proresolution status.
Immunoelectron microscopic studies of desmin (skeletin) localization and intermediate filament organization in chicken cardiac muscle

We studied the localization of desmin (skeletin), the major protein subunit of muscle-type intermediate filaments, in adult chicken cardiac muscle by high resolution immunoelectron microscopic labeling of ultrathin frozen sections of the intact fixed tissues. We carried out single labeling for desmin and double labeling for both desmin and either vinculin or alpha-actinin. In areas removed from the intercalated disk membranes, we observed desmin labeling between adjacent Z-bands in every interfibrillar space. Where these spaces were wide and contained mitochondria, convoluted strands of desmin labeling bridged between the periphery of neighboring Z-bands and the mitochondria. The intermediate filaments appeared to be organized in a more three-dimensional manner within the interfibrillar spaces of cardiac as compared to skeletal muscle. Near the intercalated disks, desmin labeling was intense within the interfibrillar spaces, but was completely segregated from the microfilament attachment sites (fascia adherens) where vinculin and alpha-actinin were localized. Desmin therefore appears to play no role in the attachment of microfilaments to the intercalated disk membrane. We discuss the role of intermediate filaments in the organization of cardiac and skeletal striated muscle in the light of these and other results.
The Eosinophils

children, though the sample size was too small for definite conclusions. Neville and Finn^ studied 71 patients 5 to 13 years later, and discovered that 16.9% had psoriasis. They concluded that this psoriasiform napkin dermatitis had a definite relationship to psoriasis. Histologic examination ofthe secondary eruption has been limited to a few cases. Perlman," Warin and Faulkner,' Fergusson et al,^ and Neville and Finn* reported subacute to chronic dermatitis. In only one case^ were the features characteristic of psoriasis. Our two cases are of interest in that they revealed a histologic appearance more typical of psoriasis than of nonspecific eczematous dermatitis or seborrheic dermatitis. Since the clinical differential diagnosis included true psoriasis, it is important to note that psoriasis is very rare in infancy. It is estimated that two percent of psoriatics develop the disease during the first two years of life. *^ Farber and Jacobs'̂ presented fourteen cases of infantile psoriasis, and although 71% of these had their initial onset in the diaper area, it is not known how many had the explosive onset of secondary lesions so characteristic of the ID eruption.
The neuroblastoma.

What Is Neuroblastoma? Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control and crowd out normal cells. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can then spread to other areas of the body. To learn more about cancer and how it starts and spreads, see What Is Cancer? 1 Neuroblastoma is a cancer that starts in certain very early forms of nerve cells, most often found in an embryo or fetus. (The term neurorefers to nerves, while blastoma
Mutational analysis of bovine papillomavirus E6 gene

The bovine papillomavirus E6 gene can independently transform mouse C127 cells. To characterize E6 in greater detail, we created 16 site-directed mutations in E6, including substitution mutations in the cysteine codons of the four Cys-X-X-Cys motifs that are conserved in all papillomavirus E6 proteins. Proteins mutated in six of the seven cysteines tested, as well as those lacking the nonconserved C-terminus, were stable in transfected cells but were unable to induce morphological transformation, indicating that these amino acids play an important role in the function of E6.
Conceptualizations of Addiction and Moral Responsibility

The present study explored the connection between conceptualizations of addiction and lay people’s inferences about moral responsibility. In Study 1, we investigated how natural variations in people’s views of addiction were related to judgments of responsibility in a nationwide sample of Norwegian adults. In Study 2, respondents recruited from Mechanical Turk were asked to consider different conceptualizations of addiction and report on how these would affect their judgments of moral responsibility. In Study 3, we tested whether manipulating conceptualizations through textual information and through the framing of addiction in terms of states versus behavior could influence participants’ judgments of moral responsibility. We found that attributions of moral responsibility were lower when addiction was connected to diseases and disorders, such as dysfunctional processes in the brain, and greater when addiction was associated with agency and addictive behaviors. In conclusion, different conceptualizations of addiction imply different moral judgments, and conceptualizations are malleable.