Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Metacognitive Listening Instruction on EFL Young Language Learners’ Acquisition of Simple Past Tense

The present study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive listening instruction on the young learners’ acquisition of simple past tense and to probe whether incorporating metacognitive listening instruction can affect young EFL learners’ beliefs about grammar learning. Thirty young elementary students, who were studying in a private language institute in Chalous, Mazandaran, Iran participated in the study. As to the data collection instruments, OPT, the pre- and post-tests, and semi-structured interview were used. Findings revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group after the intervention (i.e. teaching simple past tense through metacognitive listening), showing that the instruction was quite successful in assisting the learners to acquire simple past tense. The effective role of metacognitive listening instruction on the occurrence of change in the learners’ beliefs about grammar learning was also proved in that they held positive beliefs about grammar learning and changed their simplistic and less-positive beliefs. Not only should metacognitive listening instruction be recognized as an appropriate procedure to teach listening, it can also be applied in teaching grammar, as a ‘focus on form’ approach in which the learners are involved in the context of meaningful interaction.
The Projected Rotational Velocity Distribution of a Sample of OB stars from a Calibration Based on Synthetic He I Lines

We derive projected rotational velocities (v sin i) for a sample of 156 Galactic OB star members of 35 clusters, H II regions, and associations. The He I lines at 4026, 4388, and 4471 Å were analyzed in order to define a calibration of the synthetic He I full widths at half-maximum (FWHMs) versus stellar v sin i. A grid of synthetic spectra of He I line profiles was calculated in non-LTE using an extensive helium model atom and updated atomic data. The v sin i values for all stars were derived using the He I FWHM calibrations, but also, for those target stars with relatively sharp lines, v sin i values were obtained from best-fit synthetic spectra of up to 40 lines of C II, N II, O II, Al III, Mg II, Si III, and S III. This calibration is a useful and efficient tool for estimating the projected rotational velocities of O9-B5 main-sequence stars. The distribution of v sin i for an unbiased sample of early B stars in the unbound association Cep OB2 is consistent with the distribution reported elsewhere for other unbound associations.
Experiences of undergraduate nursing students of standardized patient methodology in their transition to nursing practice in Ontario Canada

This study was conducted to explore and understand undergraduate nursing students’ experiences with standardized-patient methodology during their final year of study and to identify the value of this form of teaching-learning approach in transition to practice milieus. The study, which employed qualitative-case-study research design, followed three undergraduate students who were individually videotaped interacting with two standardized patients during two clinical scenarios. The videotaping was followed by stimulated recall of the two interactions. Finally, participants were interviewed individually about their experiences with this form of methodology. A thematic analysis was conducted to derive themes and subthemes from contents of the videotapes, individual stimulated-recall sessions, and individual interviews. Four themes and nine subthemes emerged through thematic analysis. These results endorse the utility of standardized patient methodology; further, they offer suggestions for enhancing and expanding its use. This exploration of student responses to standardized-patient methodology enhances integration of complex realities, thus creating a bridge between theory and practice and magnifying the benefits of this approach.
Spatial and temporal patterns in size and maturation of Loligo plei and Loligo sanpaulensis (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in southeastern Brazilian waters, between 23°S and 27°S

Patterns of population dynamics of Loligo plei and Loligo sanpaulensis in southeastern Brazil were investigated with samples obtained from commercial catches and research cruises from 1999 to 2000 and from 2002 to 2003. Size and maturity structure of the two species varied according to depth and season. Body size decreased with depth for L. plei , whereas for L. sanpaulensis size increased with depth up to 100 m and decreased again in deeper areas. GSI and incidence of mature animals decreased with depth in both species. L. plei females matured at a larger size in summer, while size at maturity in L. sanpaulensis was greater in autumn. For L. plei , reproductive events occurred in the late winter and spring, in depths up to 40 m, and during summer in inshore waters. L. sanpaulensis increased reproductive activity in summer, winter and spring between depths of 30 and 80 m. The presence of high proportions of immature squid offshore suggests that juveniles might develop in these areas and, upon maturation, migrate back to inshore waters to spawn, particularly in spring and summer. However, differences found in aggregation patterns in different depth strata, as well as the seasonal differences found in the size structure of L. plei and L. sanpaulensis , could ultimately be due to changes in the water column related to food availability. Considering that L. plei and L. sanpaulensis are both caught as by-catch by shrimp trawlers throughout the year, we also discuss hypotheses on the life cycle of the species and its implications for fishery management. We recommend measures to protect squid spawning grounds by creating spring and summer protected areas where trawling would be prohibited until 60 m depth, i.e. in the area and time of year when mature individuals concentrate.
Corrosion Protection of Hot Dip Galvanized Steel in Mortar

Corrosion of steel in concrete is one of the major causes of structure degradation, requiring expensive maintenance. The using of hot dip galvanized steel (HDGS) has been recognized as one effective measure to increase the service life of reinforced concrete structures in marine environmental. However, HDGS corrodes in contact with high alkaline environment of fresh concrete. Although this initial corrosion process allows the formation of a protecting layer barrier, the corrosion that occurs initially is harmful and chromate conversion layers are usually used to prevent it. Due to toxicity of Cr(VI), these kinds of pre-treatments have been forbidden and hybrid coatings have been proposed as alternatives [1-3]. To evaluate the performance of these coatings, beyond the laboratory characterization, in situ tests in real conditions should be performed. An electrochemical system to measure the macrocell current density (i gal ) was designed to evaluate the degradation of HDGS coated samples with different organic-inorganic hybrid films, embedded in mortar during 70 days, using an automatic data acquisition system. This system revealed to be feasible and highly sensitive to coatings degradation. Also, allow distinguishing different hybrid coatings with different thicknesses.
Brand Equity and Co-Creation Potential in the Social Media Environment: an Analysis of Brand Engagement with Community Influencers

Social media introduced several notable changes to the digital marketing. The new technological developments facilitate an increased connectedness and empowerment of the social media users. This fosters a development of brand communities in the social media environment where users are enabled to participate in collaborative creation and sharing of value. Often, online communities possess a special subgroup of users with a high authority, credibility and a large number of connections who are empowered to influence the actual development of brand’s social media community, thus being identified as social media influencers. The sustainable and collaborative relationships with community influencers present marketers with remarkable business potential from one perspective and yet relatively unexplored challenges from another. The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of brand engagement with its community influencers in the social media environment and analyse the impact of collaborative engagement on the brand’s social media equity and co-creation potential development. The research study investigates two industry-leading information technology (IT) and business analytics software and services suppliers. Findings reflect a positive impact of brand engagement with community influencers on brand equity and co-creation potential, thus contributing relevant insights for academics and practitioners to the novel and developing concept.
CONTEXT-BASED QUESTIONS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: THEIR EFFECTS ON TEST ANXIETY AND SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT IN RELATION TO THE GENDER OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Academic achievement refers to the degree or level of success attained in school performance. Students’ academic achievement is an extremely important indicator of whether they will continue higher education and plays an equally important role in the decision regarding their selection and placement in an organization or institution (Mokashi, Yadav, & Khadi, 2012). In many countries, for example, Turkey, students’ secondary school, college, or university academic performance is evaluated with the help of standardized tests and examinations that are part of the countries’ educational systems. Many factors influence students’ achievement in these tests and examinations. One of these factors, namely, test anxiety, is a major concern for both educators and policy planners. Test anxiety is considered to be a special case of anxiety that occurs in an assessment context or evaluative situation. Mallow and Greenburg (1982, p. 358) noted that “general test anxiety differs from science anxiety. ” It is important to note the difference between these two types of anxiety as since educators usually evaluate students on tests, they may misinterpret science anxiety to be generalized test anxiety. Similarly, Wynstra and Cummings (1990) found that while test anxiety, especially the construct of emotionality, may overlap with the construct of science anxiety, they are not the same construct (Raymond & Wells, 2003). The concept of test anxiety has been given different definitions in literature due to the multimodal nature of the construct. Wine (1971) defined it as a person’s response to the nervousness induced by the testing situation, characterized by negative self-centered thoughts and statements. Likewise, Spielberger (1972) defined test anxiety as an unpleasant state characterized by feelings of tension and apprehension, worrisome thoughts, and the activation of the autonomic nervous system when an individual faces evaluative achievementdemanding situations (Ergene, 2003). Furthermore, Zeidner (1998, p. 17-18) described test anxiety as the responses that accompany concern about possible negative consequences or failure in an examination or similar evaluConteXt-Based Questions in sCienCe eduCation: their effeCts on test anXiety and sCienCe aChieVement in relation to the gender of seCondary sChool students
Isolation, i dentification and c omparative analysis of 16 S rRNA of Bacillus subtilis g r o wn around Rhazya stricta roots

A total of 26 Bacillus strains grown around Rhazya stricta roots were isolated from Saudi Arabia soil , and identified according to their morphological, physiological, biochemical characters as well as phylogen et ic analysis using 16 S gene sequences. T he phylogen et ic tree of the twenty six strains based on 16 S rDNA sequences was generated in compari son with 48 G enbank 16 S Bacillus subtilis partial sequences. In silico analysis the generated showed that the 16S sequence size for the 26 isolates ranged between 995 to 1233 nt , while their counterparts in the Genbank ranged between 1153 - 1559 nt . The percentage for GC content for all 68 16S rRNA gene sequences ranged between 55 - 56%. A total of five genomic conserved sequences were detected with the smallest being 106 nt and the largest is 437 nt . The range size ( ± standard deviation) of these five sequences is 251.8 ± 14 2 nt . ( Jamal S.M. Sabir, S alah E.M. Abo - Aba, Ayman Sabry, Refaei M. Hussein, A hmed Bahieldin, and Nabeeh A. Baeshen . Isolation, i dentification and comparative analysis of 16 S rRNA of Bacillus subtilis grown around Rhazya stricta roots . Life Sci J 2013; 10( 1 2s ): 980 - 986 ) (ISSN: 1097 - 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 158
Changes in girl's lives - Malawi from 1990 to 1997

The study explores the changes occurred in Malawi since 1990, by reviewing first, the country's economic, and social conditions; secondly, its education system; and, finally, the education of girls. Malawi's economic, and social indicators are among the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa, with the United Nations Development Program Index, (1994) ranking the country 161 out of 175 countries. Its fertility rate was 6.6 percent, and population growth rate was 3.2 percent. Infant, and child mortality rates are among the highest in the world, with rapid increases in AIDS/HIV incidence. In comparison to countries with similar economic conditions, Malawi's primary school enrollment is low, and secondary school enrollment is extremely low, with vast disparities in education across income levels. However, the most significant change in the education system occurred during the 1990s, resulting from the new Government's decision to make primary education available, by eliminating tuition fees. The dramatically higher education enrollment, strained the system, posing a significant challenge to educational quality. On this basis, the study explores girl's access, persistence and achievement rates in education, analyzing the attitudinal aspect of their education: girl's schooling was seen as a preparation to become wives/mothers, rather than for employment goals. However, international recognition that girl's education yield higher rates of return than any other investment available in the developing world, stimulated the issue to strategically support girl's education. Factors creating this change were the major social, and political changes, which helped propel reforms; identification of gender inequities as a social problem; and, sustained efforts to pursue the introduced strategies, policies, and programs to impact girl's education.
Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in truck drivers at a mine located at high altitude

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in Peruvian truck drivers working at high altitudes and to validate the automatic versus manual scoring system of a respiratory polygraph test. Methods: A cross-sectional and probabilistic study was conducted on truck drivers working the day shift at 2,020 meters above sea level. The collected information included anthropometric variables, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) Questionnaire. A simplified type III screening instrument was used, and each re cording was scored both automatically and manually. Results: In a total population of 70 drivers, 63 respiratory polygraph tests were conducted and four recordings were excluded. Out of the final sample of 59 (84%) drivers, 46 (78%) were normal, seven (12%) had altitude-induced central sleep apnea, and six (10%) showed obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. The results from the ESS and the Lake Louise AMS Questionnaire were normal for all three groups. Six out of seven drivers with central sleep apnea were intermittently exposed to altitude. No demographic variable was able to predict the abnormal test results. The automatic and manual methods for scoring respiratory events were similar according to the Pearson correlation and the Bland-Altman analysis; r = 0.992 for the apnea-hypopnea index (p < 0.001) and r = 0.945 for the central sleep apnea index (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing was observed, and no predictive variables for an abnormal study were identified. The use of simplified instruments is recommended to identify sleep-disordered breathing in drivers working at high altitudes who are far away from specialized sleep laboratories.
Information literacy skills and embedded librarianship in an online graduate programme

This paper reports on an embedded librarian project aimed at providing incoming online graduate students with essential information literacy skills to succeed in an online programme. It describes the design and implementation of the project, the results of a preand post-survey of students’ information literacy skills and students’ perceived ability, confidence and anxiety when accessing information using library resources. The assessment of the embedded librarian project is discussed in the context of the methods used and the needs of online students.
Block-holders and Monitoring Mechanisms in Nigeria

Companies continue to fold up after the global economic melt-down of 2008 starting with the Enron saga. One of the reasons offered by practitioners and intellectuals in their search for the cause and solution to the problem is information asymmetry between the managements and the shareholders. It is extremely necessary ever since the sagas and continuous business failures and financial distress in Nigeria, in particular, to focus on monitoring mechanisms (MM), especially in Sub-Saharan countries. In addition, it is essential to understand the factors relating to MM as it cannot work in isolation. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the extent to which block-holders impact on MM using the annual reports of 111 Nigerian non-financial listed companies in the context of agency theory. In addition, data were collected from the companies in respect of their internal auditing using the questionnaire as these are not available in the annual reports. The findings provide evidence that the block-holders significantly relate to monitoring mechanisms. Thus, this paper provides a new knowledge regarding monitoring mechanisms and its antecedents (directorship, internal and external auditing). These findings are with policy implications for the board of directors to implement their monitoring responsibilities. The findings also suggest policy implications for the internal and external auditors. The findings are useful for further review of corporate governance guidelines by the regulatory agencies and government. The paper contributes to knowledge in Sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria in particular by examining block-holders in relation to the aggregate cost of monitoring mechanisms (directorship, internal and external auditing).
Determining Factors of Deposit Level of Islamic Bank in Indonesia

One Way to maintain the stability of banking industry is by applying the deposit insurance scheme. The application of the deposit insurance scheme has an impact by increasing the level of bank deposits. The objectives of the research are to identify the factors affecting the level of deposits of Islamic banks in Indonesia and managerial implications regarding to the functions of Indonesia Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS). The technique used is the panel data regression with fixed effect model using the data from the 11 Islamic banks for the period of 2011 -2015. The results show that the factors affecting the level of deposits of the Islamic banks in Indonesia significantly and positively include the size of banks and their non-performing financing (NPF); however, they influence the capital negatively. Based on these results, LPS is required to build or sharpen the surveillance systems as part of its early detection by doing the mapping based on the size and to monitor the bank capital structure and bank finance portfolio structure. DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v9i2. 5156
Can Osteoprotegerin be a Target of Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which exhibits the close link to Cardiovascular (CV) disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Recent clinical studies have been shown that elevated OPG might be a marker of vascular calcification / remodeling and CV events and CV mortality in T2DM without known CV disease. However, it remains unclear whether OPG would be a target for therapy of diabetics with antidiabetic drugs and statins. The aim of the mini review: to summarize knowledge with respect to OPG utilization as predictor of CV adverse effects and as a target of therapy in T2DM. The review is discussed the evidence regarding possibility to prevent microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetics through control of OPG level as a target in therapy. Although there are not irresistible findings that the post-treatment OPG level in diabetics and CV events might be related, possibility to use OPG for risk stratification of vascular remodeling / ectopic calcification and CV-related mortality in T2DM appears to be attractive. The future investigations are needed to explain whether serum OPG would be informative for biomarker-guided therapy in T2DM individuals.
Reading input flooding versus listening input flooding: Can they boost speaking skill?

Abstract The present study compared the effects of reading input flooding and listening input flooding techniques on the accuracy and complexity of Iranian EFL learners’ speaking skill. Participants were 66 homogeneous intermediate EFL learners who were randomly divided into three groups of 22: Reading input flooding group, listening input flooding group, and control group. The reading flooded input group was exposed to the numerous examples of the target structures through reading. In the same phase, the listening group was given relatively the same task, through listening. The participants’ monologues in the posttest were separately recorded, and later transcribed and coded in terms of accuracy and complexity through Bygate’s (2001) standard coding system. The results of ANCOVA indicated the outperformance of reading input flooding group. The study also supported the trade-off effects (Skehan, 1998, 2009) between accuracy and complexity.
In situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean

Cloud droplet concentration (Nd), effective radius (reff) and liquid water content (LWC) measured by a DMT CAPS and an SEA WCM‐2000 of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean (SO) are presented for 20 flights taken over 3 years (June–October, 2013–2015). Such clouds have been reported to have the lowest Nd on record (10–40 cm−3) from the Southern Ocean Cloud Experiment (SOCEX I) field campaign in 1993. Of the total 20 357 one‐second records spent in cloud, 38.5% were found to contain ice crystals, primarily in mixed‐phase clouds (36.7%). Ice was observed at some point during 19 of the 20 missions. The droplet spectra and temperature range suggest these clouds were often ideal for the Hallett–Mossop ice multiplication process.