Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broad Distribution of Colony-Forming Cells with Erythroid, Myeloid, Dendritic Cell, and NK Cell Potential Among CD34++ Fetal Liver Cells1

The generation of erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cells from human fetal liver progenitors was studied in colony-forming cell (CFC) assays. CD38− and CD38+ progenitors that expressed high levels of CD34 were grown in serum-deprived medium supplemented with kit ligand, flk2/flt3 ligand, GM-CSF, c-mpl ligand, erythropoietin, and IL-15. The resulting colonies were individually analyzed by flow cytometry. CD56+ NK cells were detected in 21.9 and 9.9% of colonies grown from CD38− and CD38+ progenitors, respectively. NK cells were detected in mostly large CD14+/CD15+ myeloid colonies that also, in some cases, contained red cells. NK cells were rarely detected in erythroid colonies, suggesting an early split between the erythroid and the NK cell lineages. CD1a+ dendritic cells were also present in three-quarters of the colonies grown from CD38− and CD38+ progenitors. Multilineage colonies containing erythrocytes, myeloid cells, and NK cells were present in 13.7 and 2.7% of colonies grown from CD38− and CD38+ progenitors, respectively. High proliferative-potential CFCs that generated multilineage colonies were also detected among both populations of progenitors. The total number of high proliferative-potential CFCs with erythroid, myeloid, and NK cell potential was estimated to be 2-fold higher in the CD38+ fraction compared with the CD38− fraction because of the higher frequency of CD38+ cells among CD34++ cells. The broad distribution of multipotent CFCs among CD38− and CD38+ progenitors suggests that the segregation of the erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages may not always be an early event in hemopoiesis. Alternatively, some stem cells may be present among CD38+ cells.
Neurochemical heterogeneity of rats predicted by different measures to be high ethanol consumers.

BACKGROUND Alcoholism is a heterogeneous disease, with subjects possibly differing both in the best measure that predicts their excess consumption and in their most effective pharmacotherapy. Two different measures, high novelty-induced activity and high-fat-induced triglycerides (TGs), are known to identify subgroups of animals prone to consuming higher amounts of ethanol (EtOH). The question investigated here is whether these subgroups are, in fact, similar in their neurochemical phenotype that may contribute to their overconsumption. METHODS EtOH-naïve, Sprague-Dawley rats were subgrouped based on the 2 predictor measures of activity or TG levels, and then quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and digoxigenin-labeled in situ hybridization were used to measure their expression of hypothalamic peptides that affect EtOH intake. In additional subgroups subsequently trained to drink 9% EtOH, the opioid antagonist and alcoholism medication, naltrexone, was tested at a low dose (0.02 mg/kg, s.c.) to determine the rats' sensitivity to its effects. RESULTS The 2 measures, while both effective in predicting amount of EtOH intake, were found to identify distinctive subgroups. Rats with high compared to low activity exhibited significantly greater expression of galanin and enkephalin in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and of orexin in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFLH), but no difference in melanin-concentrating hormone in PFLH or neuropeptide Y in arcuate nucleus. This contrasts with rats having high TG, which exhibited greater expression only of PVN galanin, along with reduced PFLH orexin. The high-activity rats with elevated enkephalin, but not high-TG rats, were also unusually sensitive to naltrexone, which significantly reduced their alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS In addition to revealing differences in endogenous peptides and drug responsiveness in predicted high EtOH drinkers, this study demonstrates that these disturbances differ markedly between the 2 at-risk subgroups. This indicates that simple tests may be effective in identifying subjects most responsive to a specific pharmacotherapy.
The digestion of fibre by pigs

1. The effect of including lupin (Lupinus sp.) hulls, maize cobs, wheat bran and lucerne (Medicago sutiva) stems in a basal fibre-free diet on the concentrations and the relative proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the proximal colon of pigs, 17–18 h after feeding, was studied. 2. Concentrations of total VFA in the proximal colon increased with increasing levels of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) intake, and this increase was highly dependent on the source of NDF in the diet. 3. Molar proportions of the VFA were significantly affected by the level of NDF intake only in the cases of acetic and butyric acids, whereas the source of dietary NDF had a marked influence on the molar proportions of all acids. 4. The results indicate that the extent of fermentative breakdown of fibre in the pig intestine can be influenced substantially by the type and the level of fibre in the diet.
ilkokul Öğrencilerinin Özet ve Hatırlama Metinlerinde Bağdaşıklık Sorunu

Dil gelisimi devam eden bir surectir. Cocuk, ilkokul doneminde sadece, sozlu dile iliskin ogrendiklerini yazili dile aktarmakla kalmaz, ayni zamanda sozlu ve yazili dil farklarinin ayirdina varmaya ve cesitli metin turleri arasindaki farkliliklari kavramaya calisir. Bu nedenle ilkokul, cocugun dil gelisiminde onemli bir rol oynar. Bu donemde etkin bir anadili egilimi yapabilmek, cocuklarin gelisimine katkida bulunacak sekilde metin secimine gidebilmek icin bu donemdeki cocugun dil gelisim duzeyine iliskin, ozellikle metin duzleminde, saplamalarin yapilmasinda yarar oldugu dusunulmekledir. Bu dusunce isiginda, bu calismada ilkokul 2. ve 5. sinil ogrencilerinin urettikleri ozet ve hatirlama metinleri incelenerek bu metinlerde bagdasikligi bozan durumlar saplanmaya calisilmistir.
Improved Design of Sliding-Mode Controllers Based on the Requirements of MPPT Techniques

In many grid-connected applications, a dc/dc switching converter is usually connected between the PV modules and the inverter. This paper presents an improved procedure to design a sliding controller for the PV system, which drives the PV voltage to follow a reference provided by an external MPPT algorithm and mitigates the perturbations caused by the irradiance changes and oscillations in the bulk voltage. By considering that the switching surface is the linear combination of the input capacitor current and the PV voltage error, the proposed design exhibits advantages in comparison with existing solutions that rely in the linearization of inner current loop dynamics. The proposed integral procedure, by taking also into account the effects in the closed-loop system dynamics of a reference filter, ensures a stable sliding regime in all the desired operation range of the system, while the settling time and overshoot of the PV voltage required by an MPPT algorithm are provided. Differently from a previous similar but less rigorous approach, the switching function and reference filter parameters are obtained by numerically solving a set of nonlinear equations. Simulations and experiments were used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution in presence of environmental and load perturbations.
Comparison of cytobrush and cotton swab for Papanicolaou smears in pregnancy.

Papanicolaou smears obtained using cytobrush or cotton swabs were compared in 222 pregnant women. There were no complications attributable to the cytobrush. Endocervical cell yields obtained with the brush were 70.9% compared to 41.9% with the swab (P = .0001). There was no difference between use of the swab and the brush in the prevalence of dysplasia (19 cases) nor was there any difference in the prevalence of dysplasia in the smears that contained endocervical and/or metaplastic cells (17/181 = 8.6%) compared to those not containing these cell types (2/24 = 8.3%). This study suggests that use of the cytobrush in pregnancy warrants further study because of the frequency with which smears are reported as inadequate because they lack endocervical and/or metaplastic cells.
Cyclostationary Shot-Noise Measurements in RF Schottky-Barrier Diode Detectors

Homodyne (zero-IF) operation is very prone to low-frequency noise, partially contributed by the solid-state detector operated in large-signal (quasi-)periodic conditions. Shot noise is the major contributor to this noise if the detector is operated beyond its noise corner frequency. In this letter, we experimentally observe that the current spectral density of this shot noise in Schottky diode detectors is different from the conventional 2qI, where I is the average current. It is found that it varies as 2nkT/R dp, where n is the diode ideality factor and R dp is the small-signal resistance of the pumped diode that can be very different from the standard-diode small-signal resistance obtained from the differential of the I-V characteristic. To the best of our knowledge, this behavior was anticipated theoretically a long time ago but has been seldom addressed experimentally.
Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation and Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation Plus Pressure Support in Preterm Infants

BACKGROUND. Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with lung injury in preterm infants. In these infants, weaning from synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation may be delayed by their inability to cope with increased respiratory loads. The addition of pressure support to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation can offset these loads and may facilitate weaning. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to compare synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support in weaning from mechanical ventilation and the duration of supplemental oxygen dependency in preterm infants with respiratory failure. METHODS. Preterm infants weighing 500 to 1000 g at birth who required mechanical ventilation during the first postnatal week were randomly assigned to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation or synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support. In both groups, weaning followed a set protocol during the first 28 days. Outcomes were assessed during the first 28 days and until discharge or death. RESULTS. There were 107 infants enrolled (53 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support and 54 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation). Demographic and perinatal data, mortality, and morbidity did not differ between groups. During the first 28 days, infants in the synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support group reached minimal ventilator settings and were extubated earlier than infants in the synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation group. Total duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of oxygen dependency, and oxygen need at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age alone or combined with death did not differ between groups. However, infants in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support within the 700- to 1000-g birth weight strata had a shorter oxygen dependency. CONCLUSIONS. The results of this study suggest that the addition of pressure support as a supplement to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation during the first 28 days may play a role in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in extremely low birth-weight infants, and it may lead to a reduced oxygen dependency in the 700- to 1000-g birth weight strata.
Value at Risk and the Cross-Section of Hedge Fund Returns

Using two large hedge fund databases, this paper empirically tests the presence and significance of a cross-sectional relation between hedge fund returns and value at risk (VaR). The univariate and bivariate portfolio-level analyses as well as the fund-level regression results indicate a significantly positive relation between VaR and the cross-section of expected returns on live funds. During the period of January 1995 to December 2003, the live funds with high VaR outperform those with low VaR by an annual return difference of 9%. This risk-return tradeoff holds even after controlling for age, size, and liquidity factors. Furthermore, the risk profile of defunct funds is found to be different from that of live funds. The relation between downside risk and expected return is found to be negative for defunct funds because taking high risk by these funds can wipe out fund capital, and hence they become defunct. Meanwhile, voluntary closure makes some well performed funds with large assets and low risk fall into the defunct category. Hence, the risk-return relation for defunct funds is more complicated than what implies by survival. We demonstrate how to distinguish live funds from defunct funds on an ex ante basis. A trading rule based on buying the expected to live funds and selling the expected to disappear funds provides an annual profit of 8–10% depending on the investment horizons.
Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal lobes in depression: 20 years on

In 1997, neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence supported the involvement of the frontal lobes and indeed the brain in depression. This was a challenge to conventional phenomenology and linked with the imperative to use neuroscience to understand major mental illness. Since that time, we are seeing ever more convincing evidence for the genetic basis of mental illness (including depression), relevant abnormality in grey and white matter and neuropsychological analysis of brain function. It has proved more difficult to pin down structural abnormality in major depression at the cellular level, but a focus on glial cells is increasingly justified by the evidence. Neuroscience continues to be a buttress against anti-scientific impulses in psychiatry and can help attract young people to enter it as a profession.
A comparison of the effects of a series of anti‐anginal agents in a novel canine model of transient myocardial ischaemia

1 An anaesthetized canine model of transient myocardial ischemia (TMI) has been developed in which reproducible and reversible electrocardiographic (ECG) and haemodynamic responses are exacerbated by electrical pacing. 2 The model could separate the ECG and haemodynamic effects of compounds with anti‐ischaemic properties. 3 Compounds known to possess peripheral or coronary vasodilator properties did not necessarily alleviate the ECG consequences of TMI since glyceryl trinitrate was active whereas dipyridamole was not. The effects of verapamil were complicated by its adverse conduction effects while lidoflazine inhibited the ECG changes only during the ischaemic phase and the ‘metabolic modulator’ oxfenicine worsened the ECG response. 4 In a model considered to lack coronary reserve, improvements observed in the ischaemic ECG and global ventricular function were considered to result from a direct myocardial effect of the drugs examined rather than by a vascular influence. This was provided to the greatest degree by the Ca2+‐entry blockers nifedipine and nicardipine, with flunarizine adopting an intermediate position.
Coprolalia in younger patients with Gilles de la tourette syndrome

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of coprolalia in younger patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). Coprolalia, which is the least understood and perhaps most unusual symptom of GTS, is reported to occur in 4–60% of all patients with GTS. Most reports indicate a prevalence >30%. The widely varying prevalence figures for coprolalia may reflect cultural differences, severity of disease, and the age of the population surveyed. This study is a chart review of 112 patients seen in a pediatric neurology clinic in South Florida who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (3rd ed., revised) criteria for GTS. Only 8% of the patients in the study exhibited coprolalia. This unusually low frequency of coprolalia suggests that coprolalia may be rarer than previously believed in younger patients. It may also better reflect the frequency of coprolalia in a community‐based pediatric neurology practice.
Qualitative Analysis of Verbal Fluency Output: Review and Comparison of Several Scoring Methods

We compared three approaches to scoring qualitative aspects of verbal fluency performance in 88 healthy young adults. Phonemic and semantic fluency output was scored for word clustering and switching between clusters. Convergent validity analyses using other tests presumed to tap into strategy use (California Verbal Learning Test, Ruff Figural Fluency Test) support scoring of phonemic and semantic clusters on both fluency tasks. Task-discrepant clustering (e.g., semantic clustering on phonemic fluency) may index intentional strategy use on both fluency tasks, whereas task consistent clustering (e.g., phonemic clustering on phonemic fluency) appears strategic only on semantic fluency. Switching can be decomposed into subtypes that appear to reflect different cognitive processes on phonemic versus semantic fluency. Principal components analyses suggest that earlier scoring methods do not fully capture the "process" aspects of verbal fluency performance.
Oral Candida species and betel quid‐associated oral lesions in Padaung women of Northern Thailand

Purpose of the present investigation was to study the association between the betel quid chewing (BQC) habits, the oral yeast flora and oral lesions in female Padaung of northern Thailand. Oral swabs were taken from the tongue and palate of 50 Padaung women with and 50 control individuals without BQC habit. The spectrum of oral Candida species in both groups was determined microbiologically. In addition, oral mucosal lesions were registered in both groups. Mean age of BQ chewers was 35.4 years, of non‐chewers was 19.2 years. Candida parapsilosis was the most common Candida spp. isolated both in BQ chewers (46%) and non‐chewers (44%). Candida albicans was revealed in 24% of BQ chewers and 18% of non‐chewers. There was no significant difference in carriage of Candida spp. isolated between both groups. Forty‐four per cent of BQ chewers revealed betel chewers mucosa, 10% showed leukoedema. Isolated populations such as the Padaung may reveal different patterns of candidal flora, in this case a predominance of Candida parapsilosis.
Gender differences in meal patterns: role of self-caught fish and wild game in meat and fish diets.

The hypothesis that there are gender differences in consumption patterns of self-caught fish and wild game in the meat and fish diet was examined for 415 people attending the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic in Columbia, South Carolina. Women were less likely to eat most types of wild fish and game than were men, although there were no gender differences in the percentage eating beef, chicken, pork, and restaurant and store-bought fish. Similarly, women consumed significantly fewer meals of wild-caught fish and game than did men, although the number of meals of most store-bought foods did not differ. Both men and women who ate more meals of fish ate a higher percentage of wild-caught fish than either store-bought or restaurant fish. People with low number of fish and meat meals ate mainly fish; people eating over 30 meals of meat and fish a month ate mainly meat. Only about 9% of those interviewed said that they changed their fish consumption patterns when they, or their spouse, were pregnant. These gender-specific data on protein consumption can be used for exposure assessment and risk management decisions regarding consumption advisories for wild-caught fish and game.
Atypical plasma cells in alpha‐chain disease

Pathologic features of the jejunal mucosa of a patient with alpha‐chain disease in its early transition to malignant stage, are described. Ultrastructural alterations were seen in some plasma cell, close similar to those described in myeloma plasma cells. Ultrastructural studies of biopsy specimens in alpha‐chain disease, may permit recognition of its early transition to malignant stage and thereby encourage earlier use of cytotoxic drugs. Cancer 52:79‐82, 1983.
How Behaviors are Influenced by Perceived Norms : A Test of the Theory of Normative Social Behavior

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New analytical expressions for orthogonal, biorthogonal, and transorthogonal signaling in Nakagami fading channels with diversity reception

Analytical probability of error expressions are presented in this paper for orthogonal, biorthogonal, and transorthogonal signaling in slow Nakagami fading channels with diversity reception. These new probability of error expressions are exact, numerically efficient, and general for arbitrary signal dimension. The numerical results obtained will guide system engineers in determining the appropriate dimensionality of the orthogonal, biorthogonal, and transorthogonal signals. They will also be useful for deciding the suitable number of diversity branches used at the receiver to meet the design requirements in wireless fading environments.
Two Different Dysgraphic Syndromes in a Regular Orthography, Spanish

In opaque orthographies, such as English and French, three central dysgraphic syndromes have been described: surface dysgraphia, phonological dysgraphia, and deep dysgraphia. Writing breakdown patterns reveal that spelling can proceed by phoneme-to-grapheme conversion, or by a more direct or lexical approach. Ardila et al. (1989, 1991) claim that for Spanish speakers a lexical strategy for reading and writing is not an option due to the regularity of the orthography of this language. In this study we report two clear cases of dysgraphia in Spanish, one of surface dysgraphia and another of phonological dysgraphia, where a dissociation between lexical and sublexical writing can be observed, thus contradicting Ardila's position.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of triploidy.

Triploicly occurs infrequently in live-born infants although it may account for nearly one fifth of all spontaneous abortions owing to an abnormal karyotype. 1·2 Schlensker has suggested that ultrasonography can be useful in prenatally diagnosing congenital chromosomal brain anomalies including those of triploidy. 3 Our patient represents, to our knowledge, the first reported case of a live-born triploidy infant studied pre· and postnatally with real-time ultrasonography.