Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Reflection of a Warlike Historical Culture in the Attitudes of Finnish Youths

Two school shootings took place in Finland in 2007–2008, in which 20 people lost their lives. After the shootings, foreign journalists used the violent culture of Finnish men as an explanation for the tragedies. Of the old EU countries, the highest rate of capital crimes is found in Finland. The country has for a long time debated where the violence comes from. One explanation is that the historical culture in Finland glorifies war. The wars that were fought against the Soviet Union (1939–1944) have been elevated in Finland to become key elements of the national psyche, manifested in celebrations, anniversaries and through family narratives. According to this explanation, a Finn already learns as a child to accept violence which is considered to be legitimate and to behave in accordance with warlike ideals. This article examines the warlike historical culture in Finland and clarifies why war has remained a popular theme of Finnish historical culture. Further, it discusses the impact that a warlike historical culture has on the attitudes of young people.
Breed predisposition to canine gastric carcinoma

Background: Previous research has indicated a breed predisposition to gastric carcinoma in dogs. However, results to date are inconsistent since several studies have failed to prove such a predisposition. Better knowledge of breeds at risk could facilitate early detection of gastric carcinoma in dogs. The aim of the study was to retrospectively investigate the proportion and possible breed predisposition to canine gastric carcinoma using the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register for calculations of proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) for the period 1998–2009. Results: Histologically verified tumours recorded in the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register were studied (n = 19,715). A total of 31 (0.16%) cases of canine gastric carcinomas were identified. The median age of affected dogs was 10 years. The most commonly reported clinical signs were vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Males had significantly higher odds of gastric carcinoma than females (P = 0.02). The PMR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each breed, and a breed predisposition was identified. Individuals of the breeds Tervuren (PMR 56.1), Bouvier des Flandres (PMR 36.5), Groenendael (PMR 34.5), Collie (PMR 26.1), Standard poodle (PMR 7.6), and Norwegian elkhound (PMR 6.1) had a significantly increased risk of developing gastric carcinoma. Discussion and conclusion: The proportion of cases of gastric carcinoma recorded in the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register was found to be 0.16%, and a breed predisposition was identified. The breed predisposition observed in the current study indicates a genetic susceptibility to gastric carcinoma.
Global sensitivity of aviation NOx effects to the HO2 + NO → HNO3 reaction

The impact of a recently proposed HNO3-forming channel of the HO2 + NO reaction (Butkovskaya et al., 2005, 2007) on atmospheric mixing ratios of ozone, methane and their precursors is assessed with a global stratosphere-troposphere chemistry-climate model. Previous modelling studies applied a rate coefficient that depends only on pressure and temperature. We additionally considered a possible enhancement of the reaction by humidity, as found by a laboratory study (Butkovskaya et al., 2009). This particularly reduces the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere, increasing methane lifetime significantly. The effects of aircraft NOx emissions on atmospheric chemistry are altered when considering the above reaction, resulting in a negative net radiative forcing relative to an atmosphere without aviation NOx. Uncertainties associated with the inclusion of the HO2 + NO → HNO3 reaction and with its corresponding rate coefficient propagate a considerable additional uncertainty on estimates of the climate impact of aviation and on NOx-related mitigation strategies.
Website Adoption Among Malaysian Architectural Firms: An Overview

Website is a powerful tool in business today. In construction-related professional sector, website could be a platform for greener, effective communication and collaboration among team members as well as a tool for marketing. This paper is intended to provide an overview of website adoption among Malaysian architectural firms in terms of adoption rate, the profiles of adopters and non-adopters, determinants and inhibitions of the adoption. The questionnaire had been posted to randomly selected architectural firms throughout Malaysia, and then complemented by online survey. The response rate is 11.3% and the adoption rate among Malaysian architectural firms is 52.8%. Majority of the adopters are matured firms with more employees and high average commission, compared to non-adopters. Meanwhile, adopters‟ projects predominantly from private sector and mostly involved with overseas project. Furthermore, firm size and involvement with overseas project influenced the propensity to adopt this initiative. Finally, the hindrances of adoption is associated with perceived „lack of IT expertise‟, „sceptical on cost vs ROI‟ and „lack of time‟. The adoption of website could be a kick-start to grow and expand beyond local boundaries. This paper could be useful to indicate the current website adoption scenario among Malaysian architectural firms.
A metric Ricci flow for surfaces and its applications

Motivated largely by Perleman’s work, the Ricci flow has become lately an object of interest and study in Graphics and Imaging. Various approaches have been suggested previously, ranging from classical approximation methods of smooth differential operators to discrete, combinatorial methods. In this paper we introduce a metric Ricci flow for surfaces and we investigate its properties: existence, uniqueness and singularities formation. We show that the positive results that exist for the smooth Ricci flow also hold for the metric one and that, moreover, the same results hold for a more general, metric notion of curvature. Furthermore, using the metric curvature approach, we show the existence of the Ricci flow for polyhedral 2-manifolds of piecewise constant curvature. We also study the problem of the realizability of the said flow in R.
Management's Incentives to Avoid Negative Earnings Surprises

Recent reports in the business press allege that managers take actions to avoid negative earnings surprises. I hypothesize that certain firm characteristics are associated with greater incentives to avoid negative surprises. I find that firms with higher transient institutional ownership, greater reliance on implicit claims with their stakeholders, and higher value-relevance of earnings are more likely to meet or exceed expectations at the earnings announcement. I also examine whether firms manage earnings upward or guide analysts' forecasts downward to avoid missing expectations at the earnings announcement. I examine the relation between firm characteristics and the probability (conditional on meeting analysts' expectations) of having (1) positive abnormai accruals, and (2) forecasts that are lower than expected {using a modei of prior earnings changes). Overall, the results suggest that both mechanisms play a role in avoiding negative earnings surprises.
The primary role of radiological imaging in the diagnosis of rare musculoskeletal diseases. Emphasis on ultrasound

Abstract Objective: In July 2017 a multidisciplinary clinical Center specialized in rare diseases was activated. A rare disease can involve the musculoskeletal system. A multimodality musculoskeletal imaging approach allows for a rapid diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to assess when musculoskeletal radiology, ultrasound in particular, plays a primary role in the diagnostic path of a rare disease. Methods and materials: The Center included a list of 621 main rare diseases. Pathologies in which radiology has a primary diagnostic role were extracted from the list. From September 2017 to January 2018 all conditions involving the musculoskeletal system, including the peripheral nervous system, were systematically evaluated by one radiologist. The second radiologist, an official consultant of the Center, verified the list for consistency. Descriptive analysis was performed. Results: A total of 101/621 (16%) rare diseases can be diagnosed for the first time in the diagnostic path of the patient with medical imaging. A total of 36/101 (36%) rare diseases involve the musculoskeletal system. A total of 14/36 (39%) are pediatric diseases, 10/36 (28%) are adult age diseases, while 12/36 (33%) diseases affect all ages. A total of 23/36 (64%) of the selected rare diseases could be diagnosed with MRI, 19/36 (53%) with CT, 23/36 (64%) with X-ray, 9/36 (25%) with an US, and 1/36 (3%) with PET. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal imaging could be important for a non-invasive diagnosis in up to 36/101 (36%) rare diseases, as well as for outcome prediction, especially in pediatrics. Musculoskeletal imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of rare diseases and could strongly influence the clinical pathway. Ultrasound is crucial in up to 25% of patients with rare diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system.
The prevalence of tuberculin skin positivity among Greek army recruits

OBJECTIVE Although the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) is declining, it remains one of the leading causes of death among infectious diseases worldwide. In this study, the prevalence and predictors of tuberculin skin testing (TST) positivity were analyzed among Greek army recruits. METHOD The study population consisted of 3,684 men aged 18−43 years recruited into the Greek army between November 2010 and February 2011. TST was performed on all recruits on enrollment, according to established procedures. A TST reaction size ≥15 mm was considered positive. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight) were performed using standard techniques. Data on age, place of residence, and educational level were collected. RESULTS The mean age of the recruits was 23.2±2.8 years. TST positivity prevalence was 1.4% (52/3,684), and bivariable analysis and backward, stepwise multivariable logistic regression showed that the sociodemographic characteristics did not vary with TST positivity. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of TST positivity among Greek male army recruits is very low (1.4%). The percentage of TST positivity has continued to decrease in Greece over the last 30 years in spite of a surge of immigrants from countries with high TB infection rates. G. Michas, I.A. Drosatos, M. Kokolios, A. Kampouras, M. Schoina, A. Asimakos, R. Micha
The 1997/98 El Niño: A test for climate models

Version 3 of the Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model (HadAM3) has been used to demonstrate one means of comparing a general circulation model with observations for a specific climate perturbation, namely the strong 1997/98 El Niño. This event was characterized by the collapse of the tropical Pacific's Walker circulation, caused by the lack of a zonal sea surface temperature gradient during the El Niño. Relative to normal years, cloud altitudes were lower in the western portion of the Pacific and higher in the eastern portion. HadAM3 likewise produced the observed collapse of the Walker circulation, and it did a reasonable job of reproducing the west/east cloud structure changes. This illustrates that the 1997/98 El Niño serves as a useful means of testing cloud‐climate interactions in climate models.
Bank diversification and overall financial strength: Cross-country empirical evidence

This study uses a two-step analysis to investigate the impact of diversification on bank financial strength. First, we construct a novel overall financial strength indicator (OFSI), using a multicriteria technique that allows us to combine popular financial ratios selected on the basis of the CAMEL framework. Then, we examine the impact of income, earning assets, and on-and-off balance sheet diversity on banks’ OFSI. We find that income diversification can be more beneficial for banks operating in less developed countries compared to banks in advanced and major advanced economies. However, we observe the opposite in the case of diversification between off-balance sheet and on-balance sheet activities. Furthermore, the results reveal that income and earning assets diversification can mitigate the adverse effect of the financial crisis on bank financial strength.
Used Motor Oil Treatment: Turning Waste Oil Into Valuable Products

This paper investigates the treatment of waste engine oils using four different acids (sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and formic acid) followed by treatment with clay earth. The effect of these treatments on the properties of the treated used oil was studied Tests include: specific gravity, flash point, kinematic viscosity, FTIR , total acid number and total base number. The results showed that the formic acid-clay treatment improve the flash point of the used motor oil and made it comparable with fresh motor oil and the sulphuric acid, acetic acid and formic acid followed by clay treatment improved the kinematic viscosity of the oil while the treatment with phosphoric acid-clay has no improvement action on the used oil kinematic viscosity and flash point. The FTIR analysis was used to determine the TAN and TBN and the results showed that the treatments of used motor oil with acetic acid-clay and formic acid-clay has higher TBN values than the TBN value of used engine oil.
The Effect of Psycho-Education Intervention Based on Relaxation Methods and Guided Imagery on Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnant Women

Objective: The present study aims at evaluating the effects of psycho-education based on relaxation methods on Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG). Materials and methods: This is a quasi-experimental study, with pretest and posttest design, which was carried out on 100 pregnant women with complaints of nausea and vomiting who had referred to general health centers to receive pregnancy care. In accordance with the specified content, women in the intervention group received 3 sessions of psycho-education based on relaxation methods for a week. Four weeks after the end of education and before the 16th week of pregnancy, data were gathered from both the intervention and control groups using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Vomiting and Nausea (PUQEN) scale. Data were analyzed with the aid of statistical tests. Results: There was no significant difference between the average values of HG in the intervention group and the control group prior to the intervention. However, after receiving psycho-education, the average value of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women of the intervention group (5.11 ± 1.60) was significantly lower than that in the control group (6.00 ± 1.66) (p = 0.035). Conclusion: The psycho-education based on relaxation methods of this study had a positive and significant effect on reducing the intensity of HG. It is helpful to integrate the educational content of this intervention in the caring programs of pregnant women with nausea and vomiting.
Chemical Composition of the Leaves of Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn

Original Research Article This study was conducted to determine the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of the leaves of an edible and medicinal fern, Ceratopteris thalictroides using standard procedures. The phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of the leaf extracts were also carried out. GC-MS analysis was done using Agilent technologies Model 7890A coupled with a mass spectrometer Agilent technologies 6975. The results of proximate analysis revealed that the leaves contained 13.39% moisture, 13.36% protein, 10.18 % ash, 5.54% crude fibre, 54.34% carbohydrate, 3.21% fat and energy value of 299.69 kcal/100g. Vitamin C content of 6.09 mg/100g was also observed in the leaves. Minerals analysis revealed the occurrence of minerals such as sodium (85.20 mg/100g), potassium (1341.30 mg/100g), phosphorus (215.00 mg/100g), magnesium (107.00 mg/100g), calcium (434.00 mg/100g), manganese (6.44 mg/100g), iron (58.40 mg/100g), zinc (2.76 mg/100g) and copper (1.19 mg/100g). The anti-nutritional compounds found included oxalate (0.41 mg/100g), phytate (0.36 mg/100g) and hydrogen cyanide (0.15 mg/100g) which were much lower than reported safe limits. Results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids (0.02 mg/g ATE), saponins (0.01 mg/g), total phenol (14.51 mg/g GAE), tannins (4.29 mg/g TAE) and flavonoids (6.23 mg/g QE) while terpenoids, steroids, cyanogenic glycosides, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and phlobatanins were absent. The results of the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of twelve compounds with documented therapeutic activities. The major phytocompounds included Benzene, (2-nitroethyl)(RT: 6.096; 40.75%), . gamma. -Sistosterol (RT: 23.154; 21.87%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (RT: 13.973; 5.96%) and Linalool (RT: 3.349; 4.04%). Others were present as minor compounds. The foregoing results revealed that the leaves of the investigated plant are good sources of essential nutrients. They also contain medicinally important compounds, having therapeutic potentials, thus they could be used as bio control agents.
Legendrian and transverse cables of positive torus knots

We classify Legendrian and transverse knots in the knot types obtained from positive torus knots by cabling. This classification allows us to demonstrate several new phenomena. Specifically, we show there are knot types that have nondestabilizable Legendrian representatives whose Thurston–Bennequin invariant is arbitrarily far from maximal. We also exhibit Legendrian knots requiring arbitrarily many stabilizations before they become Legendrian isotopic. Similar new phenomena are observed for transverse knots. To achieve these results we define and study “partially thickenable” tori, which allow us to completely classify solid tori representing positive torus knots.
Effects of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on plant mortality and yield of cotton

At initial populations of Fusarium of 2.3-4.2×10 3 colony-forming units per gram of soil and initial populations of Meloidogyne of 10-50 eggs and juveniles per 100 cm 3 , a significant Fusarium×nematode interaction was observed. No interaction was observed at lower nematode populations or at higher populations of Fusarium. Populations of Meloidogyne had significant effects on cotton growth measured qualitatively as a growth index; the growth index was increased by low initial nematode populations and reduced by high initial nematode populations
The impact of knowledge management on organizational innovation: An empirical study

The character of organizational innovation is considered significant for developing and improving the related products, procedures and marketplaces, for adding value as well as effectiveness over administrations. The innovation procedure is necessary regarding the activity of an association as the capability for innovation is important for attaining and sustaining competitive advantage. The absence of empirical investigations about the consequence of knowledge management on organizational innovation by organizational learning particularly over the developing countries exists in the related literature. The key objective of the current investigation is to evaluate the consequence of knowledge management on innovation directly and over organizational learning in Iranian automotive industry namely Iran Khodro Company. A total of 272 managers were chosen from systems and methods as the participants of the current study. The data were analysed using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results of the study revealed that there is an influence of knowledge management on organizational innovation in Iranian automotive industry. Results of the investigation showed that organizational learning has an important character as a mediator on the association between knowledge management and organizational innovation.
On the correspondence between boundary and bulk lattice models and (logarithmic) conformal field theories

The relationship between bulk and boundary properties is one of the founding features of (rational) conformal field theory (CFT). Our goal in this paper is to explore the possibility of having an equivalent relationship in the context of lattice models. We focus on models based on the Temperley–Lieb algebra, and use the concept of ‘braid translation’, which is a natural way, in physical terms, to ‘close’ an open spin chain by adding an interaction between the first and last spins using braiding to ‘bring’ them next to each other. The interaction thus obtained is in general non-local, but has the key feature that it is expressed solely in terms of the algebra for the open spin chain—the ‘ordinary’ Temperley–Lieb algebra and its blob algebra generalization. This is in contrast with the usual periodic spin chains which involve only local interactions, and are described by the periodic Temperley–Lieb algebra. We show that for the restricted solid-on-solid models, which are known to be described by minimal unitary CFTs (with central charge c<1) in the continuum limit, the braid translation in fact does provide the ordinary periodic model starting from the open model with fixed (identical) boundary conditions on the two sides of the strip. This statement has a precise mathematical formulation, which is a pull-back map between irreducible modules of, respectively, the blob algebra and the affine Temperley–Lieb algebra. We then turn to the same kind of analysis for two models whose continuum limits are logarithmic CFTs (LCFTs)—the alternating gl(1|1) and sl(2|1) spin chains. We find that the result for minimal models does not hold any longer: braid translation of the relevant (in that case, indecomposable but not irreducible) modules of the Temperley–Lieb algebra does not give rise to the modules known to be present in the periodic chains. In the gl(1|1) case, the content in terms of the irreducibles is the same, as well as the spectrum, but the detailed structure (like logarithmic coupling) is profoundly different. This carries over to the continuum limit. The situation is similar for the sl(2|1) case. The problem of relating bulk and boundary lattice models for LCFTs thus remains open.
Solution‐focused Work in Individual Academic Development

There is one account in the literature of the application of a solution‐focused approach to individual teaching development at university level (Devlin, 2003). The solution‐focused approach is based on solution‐focused brief therapy (SFBT). The current paper elaborates on the existing account, further outlining and illustrating the techniques that make up the solution‐focused approach to academic development. The central tenets of SFBT‐based academic development and the core components of solution‐focused work are articulated. Current research in this area is outlined. Il existe, au sein de la documentation, un exemple de l’approche centrée sur la solution appliquée au domaine du développement pédagogique individuel à l’université (Devlin). L’approche centrée sur la solution se base sur la notion de solution‐focused brief therapy (SFBT) (thérapie brève orientée vers la solution). Le présent article décrit, explique et illustre les techniques qui font partie de l’approche centrée sur la solution appliquée au développement pédagogique. Les principes centraux du développement pédagogique inspiré de la SFBT, de même que les éléments au cœur d’une démarche centrée sur la solution sont décrits en détail, ainsi que les recherches actuellement entreprises dans ce domaine.