Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Purification of Immunoglobulin Y from Egg Yolk of Immunized Hens

Two purification methods of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) based on precipitation using charcoal-PEG and dextran-PEG were developed. These methods were compared with chloroform extraction and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation methods. The results showed that protein contents were high with chloroform method (12.8 mg/ml) followed by dextran-PEG (10.5 mg/ml), charcoalPEG (8.13 mg/ml) and PEG method (4.4 mg/ml). The purity of resultant IgY was homogeneous with dextran-PEG method followed by charcoal-PEG method, less purity was in PEG method followed by chloroform extraction method.
Phylogeny and conservation priorities of afrotherian mammals (Afrotheria, Mammalia)

Kuntner, M. , May‐Collado, L. J. & Agnarsson, I. (2010). Phylogeny and conservation priorities of afrotherian mammals (Afrotheria, Mammalia). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 1–15.
The classification of singly periodic minimal surfaces with genus zero and scherk-type ends

Given an integer k > 2, let S(k) be the space of complete embedded singly periodic minimal surfaces in R 3 , which in the quotient have genus zero and 2k Scherk-type ends. Surfaces in S(k) can be proven to be proper, a condition under which the asymptotic geometry of the surfaces is'well known. It is also known that S(2) consists of the 1-parameter family of singly periodic Scherk minimal surfaces. We prove that for each k ≥ 3, there exists a natural one-to-one correspondence between S(k) and the space of convex unitary nonspecial polygons through the map which assigns to each M ∈ S(k) the polygon whose edges are the flux vectors at the ends of M (a special polygon is a parallelogram with two sides of length 1 and two sides of length k - 1). As consequence, S(k) reduces to the saddle towers constructed by Karcher.
Removal of Musty Odor Compound in Drinking Water by Biological Filter

In order to remove the musty odor compound 2-methyl isoborneol (MIB) from drinking water resources at Lake Biwa, a pilot plant of a biological filtration was installed and operated. In this study, the effects of water temperature, pH and initial concentration of MIB on the MIB degradation potential of the ceramic media packed column in the biological filter were studied. Microorganisms on the surface of the granular media were observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Bacteria which were responsible for the degradation were isolated, studied and identified. From this experiment, the extent of the effect of water temperature on the degradation potential was found to be similar to that on the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal activity by an activated sludge. The optimum pH for the degradation potential was seen to be between 7 and 9. The MIB degradation reaction was seen to be almost a first order reaction. On the surface of the washed granular media, coccoid and rod-shaped bacteria were observed. Eleven out of 34 bacteria isolated from the washed media were judged as biodegraders. Some characteristics of 7 Gram negative biodegraders were studied and two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,one strain of Flavobacterium multivorum, one strain of Pseudomonas sp. and one strain of Flavobacterium sp. were identified.
Volume of Material Removal on Distortion in Machining Thin Wall Thin Floor Components

Thin wall thin floor monolithic components produced from prismatic blocks are machined on CNC machines by removing material up to 95 %. Components distort because of stresses induced due to severe heat generated and plastic deformation during cutting. Distortion of the components after machining aluminium alloys is major problem faced in aerospace and automobile industries. The volume of the material removed has direct bearing on machining time, which may lead to distortion. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of volume of material removal on the distortion of aluminium 2014 T651 alloy machined from prismatic block. Machining experiments were carried out with 5 different blank sizes to produce a representative component with same machining parameters. Distortion is measured on the face opposite to the machined surface and maximum deviations were used for comparisons between distortion and volume of material removal
Oxidation of ambient biogenic secondary organic aerosol by hydroxyl radicals: Effects on cloud condensation nuclei activity

Changes in the hygroscopicity of ambient biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) due to controlled OH oxidation were investigated at a remote forested site at Whistler Mountain, British Columbia during July of 2010. Coupled photo‐oxidation and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) experiments were conducted on: i) ambient particles exposed to high levels of gas‐phase OH, and ii) the water‐soluble fraction of ambient particles oxidized by aqueous‐phase OH. An Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) monitored the changes in the chemical composition and degree of oxidation (O:C ratio) of the organic component of ambient aerosol due to OH oxidation. The CCN activity of size‐selected particles was measured to determine the hygroscopicity parameter (κorg,CCN) for particles of various degrees of oxygenation. In both cases, the CCN activity of the oxidized material was higher than that of the ambient particles. In general, κorg,CCN of the aerosol increases with its O:C ratio, in agreement with previous laboratory measurements.
Beneficiary Effect of Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatitis C57BL/6 Mice

Idiopathic ulcerative dermatitis (IUD) is a distinctive skin disease in C57BL/6 mice. The pathogenesis of this disease is still unknown but it has been suggested that scratching character of this strain and immune complex induced vasculitis play a role. There is no established treatment for idiopathic ulcerative dermatitis. Naive C57BL/6 with lesions suggestive of IUD with ulceration, necrosis and bleeding were identified and confirmed clinically by institutional veterinarian. Mice with severe lesions were euthanized and skin sample biopsies confirmed IUD by pathology. Mice with mild to moderate ulceration were distributed into two groups, of which one was treated with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantion (HCT) and the remaining were kept as observation control. For HCT, recipients received 950cGy single dose total body irradiation followed by injection of bone marrow cells from IUD-free C57BL/6 mice. Animals were monitored daily until the end of week 4, when autologous transplant recipients showed improved skin condition without ulceration. Compared to observation controls, autologous transplant seemed to accelerate the healing process, suggesting that inducing temporary immune-incompetency targeting auto-reactive B and T lymphocytes seems beneficial in this disease. Suggesting that dysregulation of cellular immune responses is contributory to IUD, our findings further imply potential value for autologous HCT related immunosuppression in the treatment of chronic autoimmune dermatological diseases.
Relating LANDSAT ETM+ and forest inventory data for mapping successional stages in a tropical wet forest Relacionando LANDSAT ETM+ e dados de inventário florestal para mapeamento estádios sucessionais em uma floresta tropical úmida

Abstract In this study, we test whether an existing classification technique based on the integration of LANDSAT ETM+ and forest inventory data enables detailed characterization of successional stages in a tropical wet forest site. The specific objectives were: (1) to map forest age classes across the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica; and (2) to quantify uncertainties in the proposed approach in relation to field data and existing vegetation maps. Although significant relationships between vegetation hight entropy (a surrogate for forest age) and ETM+ data were detected, the classification scheme tested in this study was not suitable for characterizing spatial variation in age at La Selva, as evidenced by the error matrix and the low Kappa coefficient (0.129). Factors affecting the performance of the classification at this particular study site include the smooth transition in vegetation structure between intermediate and late successional stages, and the low sensitivity of NDVI to variations in vertical structure at high biomass levels. Resumo Nesse estudo, testamos se uma tecnica de classificacao existente, baseada na integracao de imagens LANDSAT ETM+ e os dados de inventario florestal, permite a caracterizacao detalhada dos estadios sucessionais em uma area de floresta tropical umida. Os objetivos especificos foram: (1) mapear classes de idade florestal na Estacao Biologica La Selva, na Costa Rica, e (2) quantificar as incertezas da abordagem proposta em relacao aos dados de campo e mapas de vegetacao existente. Apesar de terem sido detectadas relacoes significativas entre dados ETM+ e medidas de entropia da altura da vegetacao (um substituto para a idade florestal) o sistema de classificacao testados nesse estudo nao se demonstrou adequado para caracterizar a variacao espacial em idade em La Selva, como evidenciado pela matriz de erro e o baixo coeficiente Kappa (0,129). Fatores que afetam o desempenho da classificacao area de estudo em particular, incluem a alta similaridade estrutural entre os estadios sucessionais intermediario e avancado, e a baixa sensibilidade do NDVI a variacoes na estrutura vertical da biomassa em areas com niveis elevados de biomassa.
Effect of the strength of attraction between nanoparticles on Wormlike micelle-nanoparticle system

The nanoparticle-Equilibrium polymer (or Wormlike micellar) system shows morphological changes from percolating network-like structures to non-percolating clusters with a change in the minimum approaching distance (EVP-excluded volume parameter) between nanoparticles and the matrix of equilibrium polymers. The shape anisotropy of nanoparticle clusters can be controlled by changing the polymer density. In this paper, the synergistic self-assembly of nanoparticles inside equilibrium polymeric matrix (or Wormlike micellar matrix) is investigated with respect to the change in the strength of attractive interaction between nanoparticles. A shift in the point of morphological transformation of the system to lower values of EVP as a result of a decrease in the strength of the attractive nanoparticle interaction is reported. We show that the absence of the attractive interaction between nanoparticles leads to the low packing of nanoparticle structures, but does not change the morphological behaviour of the system. We also report the formation of the system spanning sheet-like arrangement of nanoparticles which are arranged in alternate layers of matrix polymers and nanoparticles.
Multiple Imputation Approaches for Right-Censored Wages in the German IAB-Employment Register

For a large number of research questions, like analyzing the gender wage gap or measuring overeducation with earnings frontiers, it is interesting to analyze wage data. To address this kind of questions two types of data are used: surveys and process generated data. Administrative data have several advantages, like a large number of observations, no nonresponse burden and no problems with interviewer efiects or survey bias. Unfortunately, in many large administrative data sets of economic interest some variables, such as wages, are top-coded or right-censored. This problem is very common with administrative data from social security systems like the IAB employment sample (IABS), which is edited from the register data of the German social insurance system. The contribution rate of this insurance is charged as a percentage of the gross wage. Is the gross wage higher than the current contribution limit, however only the amount of the ceiling is liable for the contribution. In 2008 the contribution limit in the unemployment insurance system is flxed in Western Germany at a monthly income of 5,300 euros. As therefore wages are only recorded up to this contribution limit, the wage information in this sample is censored at this limit. (Figure 1 shows the distribution of wages in the IAB employment sample in 2000). In order to analyze wages with the IAB employment sample, we flrst have to solve the ^ ∞ ;
The spectral properties of certain linear operators and their extensions

Let H be a Hilbert space with inner-product (x, y), and let R be a bounded positive operator on H which determines an inner-product, 〈x, y〉 = (Rx, y), x, y ∈ H. Denote by H− the completion of H with respect to the norm ‖x‖ = 〈x, x〉1/2. In this paper, operators having certain relationships with R are studied. In particular, if T = SR1/2 where S ∈ B(H), then T has an extension T− ∈ B(H−), and T and T− have essentially the same spectral and Fredholm properties.
Methods of Reflections: relations with Schwarz methods and classical stationary iterations, scalability and preconditioning.

The basic idea of the method of reflections appeared almost two hundred years ago; it is a method of successive approximations for the interaction of particles within a fluid, and it seems intuitively related to the Schwarz domain decomposition methods, the subdomains being the complements of the particle domains. We show in this paper that indeed there is a direct correspondence between the methods of reflections and Schwarz methods in the two particle/subdomain case. This allows us to give a new convergence analysis based on maximum principle techniques with precise convergence estimates that one could not obtain otherwise. We then show however also that in the case of more than two particles/subdomains, the methods of reflections and the Schwarz methods are really different methods, with different convergence properties. Using substructuring techniques from domain decomposition, we then show that the methods of reflections are classical block Jacobi and block Gauss-Seidel methods for the interface traces, and we derive new, relaxed versions of the methods of reflections with better convergence properties. We finally also introduce for the first time coarse corrections for the methods of reflections to make them scalable in the case when the number of particles becomes large. The substructured formulations permit the easy use of the methods of reflections as preconditioners for Krylov methods, and we illustrate scalability and preconditioning properties with numerical experiments.
Suppression of Particle Drifts by Turbulence

We present results from direct numerical simulations showing the suppression of the large-scale drift motion of an ensemble of charged particles in a nonuniform turbulent magnetic field. We find that when scattering is negligible, the ensemble average drift velocity is in the direction predicted by the usual guiding center theory. When scattering is very strong, we find that all large-scale drift motions vanish. For an intermediate amount of scattering we find that the antisymmetric drift velocity is typically suppressed by a larger amount than the antisymmetric drift coefficient. We show that the total drift motion of the ensemble is not necessarily completely contained in the antisymmetric part of the diffusion tensor. Because of the occurrence of scattering, knowledge of the spatial variation of the symmetric part of the diffusion tensor is also needed to fully describe the total drift motion of the ensemble.
Future Postgraduate Choices of First and Final Year Clinical Students in Ghana

Since the establishment of the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons in 2003, revived interest in postgraduate medical education has led to an increase in specialists in medicine, surgery and related disciplines. While this ongoing process is laudable, the number and variety of specialists are not yet commiserate with the health needs of the population. Semi-structured questionnaires (340) were administered to consenting first and final year clinical students of the School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana during the final semester of the 2014 academic session. The questionnaire was based on anecdotes and focused group discussions on the issue of career choices and consisted of sections inquiring about the demographics, general career intentions and postgraduate aspirations of the respondents. Three hundred and fifteen (92%) out of 340 responders completed the questionnaires adequately; with 197 and 118 first and final year students respectively in M: F ratio of 1.23:1. All our responders were aged 20-25 years. Majority desired postgraduate specialization (86.7%); and Surgery (43.5%) and Obstetrics & Gynaecology (5.38%) were the most and least favoured specialties respectively. About 74% of our responders were influenced by personal interests (p=.01) irrespective of gender or year of study. Surgery is the most preferred postgraduate specialization in our study and most of the students were influenced by personal interest.
Juice, Ethanol, and Grain Yield Potential of Five Sweet Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) Cultivars

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) accumulates fermentable sugars in the stem and is increasingly being studied as a potential source of feedstock for bioethanol production. The objective of this study was to evaluate biomass and grain yield in five sweet sorghum cultivars (Dale, M81E, Sugar Drip, Della and Keller) and to determine quality of extractable juice and grain. Randomized complete block experiments were performed in the summer of 2009, 2010, and 2011. Leaf dry weight varied with year and cultivar and averaged 6177 kg·ha-1. Fresh stem weight ranged from 21 to 54 Mg·ha-1 with a mean across years and cultivars of 32.9 Mg·ha-1. Variations in stem weight were correlated with extractable juice volumes that ranged from 10 to 24 m3·ha-1. Juice Brix values fell within a narrow range (14% - 19%) across years and cultivars with an average of 15.6%. In all production years, theoretical sugar and ethanol yield were always numerically higher for Keller and M81E. Grain yield was lowest in Keller (90 kg·ha-1), but ranged from 400 to 1300 kg·ha-1 in other cultivars with a mean of 584 kg·ha-1 across years. However, Keller had the highest starch content with a lower proportion of resistant starch in the grain. Except for Keller, the cultivars tested are potential sources of both fermentable sugars and grain.
Movies as a tool of modern tourist marketing.

The contemporary tourist market hosts intense competition amongst countries and particularly amongst those that their economy is supported, to a rather critical extent, by tourism business. All countries try to promote their tourist products using various marketing techniques. International experience reveals that movies constitute an important marketing tool which can effectively serve the strategy for promotion of tourism destinations. Landscapes, significant heritage sites, festivals, attractions and historical monuments have quite often been selected as film shooting locations. Evidence shows that such films may, under certain circumstances, induce “film tourism”, a phenomenon where local economies eventually enjoy an increase in visitor numbers and related benefits after the circulation of the relevant movie.
Effects of Fertilizers on Biomass, Sugar Content and Ethanol Production of Sweet Sorghum

Sweet sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) is a promising alternative crop for bioethanol production in developing countries. However, to extend the cultivative area of this crop, it needs to develop an appropriate growing protocol for farmers. This chapter describes the examination of different doses of fertilizers combined with manure and micronutrients, in various applied times, on biomass, sugar content and ethanol production of sweet sor- ghum. It was observed that the application of 90 N + 90 P 2 O 5 + 60 K 2 O provided maximum stem yield and optimum contents of sugar and ethanol yield, however nontreatment of any among P, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O caused significant reduction of biomass and ethanol produc- tion. Higher fertilization >90 N may provide greater productivity of this crop but it may cause lodging and economic deficit for farmers in developing countries. It was also found that the applied times of fertilization should be at 3–4 to 7–8 leaf stage. In contrast, when the fertilization was as close to the flowering stage caused remarkable reduction of stem yield and ethanol production. The supplementation of (NH4) 2 MO 7 O 2 . 4H 2 O at 5 kg/ha provided an increase of 10–12 tons/ha of stem yield and a remarkable enrichment of ethanol production. Findings of this study are useful for farmers and agricultural extension- ists to promote biomass and ethanol productivity of this crop for bioethanol production. This research also highlights a greater possibility of exploiting sweet sorghum cultivation in infertile and hilly, abandoned areas for ethanol production.
Eigenvalue comparison for tubular domains

S. Y. Cheng's eigenvalue comparison theorem for geodesic balls is generalized to certain tubular domains. This gives application to the infinitcsimal volume comparison theory developed by E. Heintze and H. Karcher as well as A. Gray. The fundamental tone of an arbitrary open set U contained in a complete Riemannian n-manifold M is given by (1.i(U) inf fA(dp, d m)WM (1) AEU7(LT) fu7 2 XM where wM is the Riemannian volume form. If H(U) denotes the completion of C? (U) in the norm 11 * III given by f h-j(df, df)M J + f2(M and if we denote by Ho(U) the completion of C? (U) in H(U) then the infimum in (1) above may be replaced by an infimum over Ho(U) with the derivatives being generalized derivatives. In case U is relatively compact and has sufficiently regular boundary then A*(U) is the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the Laplacian on U. If B(p, ro) is a geodesic ball in M and Ric(X, X) > K(n 1)IX12 for all X c TM, where Ric denotes the Ricci curvature, then Cheng's comparison theorem [C] states that (2) ; (B(p, ro)) < i (BK(ro)) where BK(ro) is a geodesic ball in the simply connected space form of curvature K and dimension n = dim M. In this note we show that the corresponding statement holds for tubular domains of a compact totally geodesic submanifold (e.g. a closed geodesic). We Received by the editors March 27. 1989 and, in revised form. November 6, 1989. 1980 Mathemnatics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 58G25. 53C99; Secondary 35P15, 53C40. KeY' words and phrases. Laplace operator, Riemannian manifold. eigenvalues, tubular domain. spectral geometry. ( 1990 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/90 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Residual Effects of Sucrose and Hormonal Treatments of the Tuberization Medium on in Vitro Germination of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Microtubers

The residual effects of sucrose concentrations (80 or 100 g·L-1) and hormonal treatments (BAP + Kinetin or Coumarin) of tuberization medium on in vitro microtubers germination of three potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) so called Aida, Atlas and Odessa, are described. After 3 weeks of incubation at 28℃ ± 1℃, 70% of Aida microtubers variety, previously formed in the MT2 medium [MS/2 + 80 g·L-1 Sucrose], germinated. The best germination rate for varieties Atlas (100%) and Odessa (66.66%) was obtained on microtubers previously formed in the medium MT2 [MS/2 + 100 g·L-1 Sucrose]. The addition of hormones in the tuberization medium allowed optimizing the microtubers germination of the Aida variety unlike the other varieties. Indeed, for the Aida variety, the combination M5 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + Coum 0.025 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 80 g·L-1] increased the germination rate from 70% up to 93.33%. The best germination rate (90%), noticed with microtubers of Atlas variety, initially formed in M2 medium [Kin 1 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 100 g·L-1], was lower than that one (100%) obtained on medium without hormones. For Odessa variety, the maximum germination rate (53.33%) of microtubers, from the medium M4 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 100 g·L-1], was also lower than that one (66.66%) observed in the medium without hormones. Aida and Atlas varieties thus offer a better germination rate than Odessa after their cold storage.