Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Output Task of English Drama Performance and its Effects on Incidental L2 Vocabulary Learning: An Experimental Study

This pedagogical practice described in this study is to analyze L2 learners’ attitude and vocabulary outcomes based on an output task of introducing English drama performance into classroom teaching. In the controversial context of Swain's (1985) ‘output Hypothesis’ and Krashen’s (1985) ‘input hypothesis’, this paper discusses the rational, motivation, and ramifications of joining this output task study. It can be learned from the study that almost one third of learners lost motivation and interest after this task. When divided the participants into three groups of HPL, IL and LL. The former two groups performed better in vocabulary gain post this task and sustain a good retention in target words after two months. The LL group performed a relatively unexpected low result in vocabulary learning. The reason assumed for this is that the acceptability and processability of materials for this task is crucial for learners to modify original output to reprocessed forms of using target words which determines whether they could benefit or not from this task. This study also suggests part of the findings is compatible with Swain's (1985) ‘output Hypothesis’. Keywords: task, output, motivation, acceptability, processability, vocabulary gain
Born Entrepreneur? Adolescents' Personality Characteristics and Self-Employment in Adulthood

Is there an entrepreneurial personality and does it appear early in life? We provide a new answer on this question by using the so-called Type A behavior traits (Aggression, Leadership, Responsibility, and Eagerness-Energy), measured in childhood and adolescence, and examining their relationship to self-employment propensity in adulthood. Using data from the Young Finns Study linked to the Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data and the Longitudinal Population Census of Statistics, our results show that the early-life Leadership-dimension is significantly associated with a higher likelihood 1) of becoming self-employed later in life and 2) of being more successful as an entrepreneur, as approximated by sales. Our results also reinforce the prior evidence on the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship.
Density Stratification, Turbulence, but How Much Mixing?

We examine observations of turbulence in the geophysical environment, primarily from oceans but also from lakes, in light of theory and experimental studies undertaken in the laboratory and with numerical simulation. Our focus is on turbulence in density-stratified environments and on the irreversible fluxes of tracers that actively contribute to the density field. Our understanding to date has come from focusing on physical problems characterized by high Reynolds number flows with no spatial or temporal variability, and we examine the applicability of these results to the natural or geophysical-scale problems. We conclude that our sampling and interpretation of the results remain a first-order issue, and despite decades of ship-based observations we do not begin to approach a reliable sampling of the overall turbulent structure of the ocean interior.
Performance of Different Dietary Lipids on Growth Indices and Survival of Striped Gourami, Colisa fasciatus (Perciformes: Osphronemidae) Fry

Effects of different types of lipids enriched supplemental diets containing 1% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 1% Phospholipids, 5% Cod liver oil and 1% Cod liver oil and live feed (Tubificid worms) on growth indices and survival of Colisa fasciatus fry were observed. The experiment was conducted in triplicates with a control for 50 days following randomized complete block design (RCBD). The water quality parameters were monitored and found to be within suitable range for freshwater aquaculture. After ending the trial period, significant variations (P<0.05) were observed on the survival and specific growth rate of fry among all the treatments. These results indicate that there are significant variations among different lipids on performance of fry and DHA showed the highest performance regarding growth indices and survival (in close proximity to live feed) among all the biofunctional lipids as an ingredient of supplemental diet.
Isotope- and tracer-based measurements of fossil fuel and biospheric carbon dioxide in Paris during winter 2010

Measurements of the mole fraction of the CO2 and its isotopes were performed in Paris during the MEGAPOLI winter campaign (January-February 2010). Radiocarbon (14CO2) measurements were used to identify the relative contributions of 77% CO2 from fossil fuel consumption (CO2ff from liquid and gas combustion) and 23% from biospheric CO2 (CO2 from the use of biofuels and from human and plant respiration: CO2bio). These percentages correspond to average mole fractions of 26.4 ppm and 8.2 ppm for CO2ff and CO2bio, respectively. The 13CO2 analysis indicated that gas and liquid fuel contributed 70% and 30%, respectively, of the CO2 emission from fossil fuel use. Continuous measurements of CO and NOx and the ratios CO/CO2ff and NOx/CO2ff derived from radiocarbon measurements during four days make it possible to estimate the fossil fuel CO2 contribution over the entire campaign. The ratios CO/CO2ff and NOx/CO2ff are functions of air mass origin and exhibited daily ranges of 7.9 to 14.5 ppb ppm-1 and 1.1 to 4.3 ppb ppm-1, respectively. These ratios are sufficiently consistent with different emission inventories given the uncertainties of the different approaches.
Cross‐Border Mergers and Acquisitions in Services: The Role of Policy and Industrial Structure

This paper presents evidence on the determinants of cross-border mergers and acquisitions in services sectors. It develops a stylized model of mergers and acquisitions that predicts that the incidence of merger and acquisition deals depends, inter alia, on the target economy's size, industrial structure and investment policies, as well as on bilateral transactions costs. These predictions are examined with bilateral merger and acquisition flow data and detailed information on policy barriers from a new database of restrictions on services investment. The analysis finds that: (1) geographical factors affect mergers and acquisitions in services and manufacturing similarly but cultural factors affect mergers and acquisitions in services more than in manufacturing. (2) Controlling for these bilateral factors, restrictive investment policies reduce the probability of merger and acquisition inflows but this negative effect is mitigated in countries with relatively large shares of manufacturing and (to a lesser extent) services in gross domestic product. The same results hold for the number of merger and acquisition deals received. These findings suggest that the impact of policy is state-dependent and related to the composition of gross domestic product in the target economy.
A Comparison of Exercise Intensity between Two Horticultural and Four Common Physical Activities among Male Adults in Their 20s

This study aimed to identify the exercise intensity associated with four common physical activities for adults (running, skipping rope, walking, and muscle strength exercises) and two horticultural activities (creating a vegetable bed and garden maintenance). For this experiment, 19 males (mean age: 25.8 ± 2.3 years) randomly participated in the activities at a glasshouse at Konkuk University. Each of the six activities lasted for 5 minutes; the subjects rested for 5 minutes during intervals between the activities. A portable metabolic analyzer was used to store the oxygen and energy consumption values obtained upon measurement of each activity. In addition, a wireless heart rate monitor was used to measure the subjects’ heart rate. According to the results, the four types of physical activities and two horticultural activities carried out by the subjects are moderate- to high-intensity activities [i.e., 3.8 ± 0.9 to 9.9 ± 2.1 metabolic equivalents (METs)]. Running (9.9 ± 2.1 METs) and skipping rope (8.8 ± 2.2 METs) were categorized as high-intensity physical activities, whereas creating a vegetable bed (5.0 ± 1.2 METs), walking (4.9 ± 0.8 METs), muscle strength exercises (4.5 ± 1.3 METs), and garden maintenance (3.8 ± 0.9 METs) were classified as moderate-intensity physical activities. The exercise intensities of horticultural activities in this study were similar to those of walking and muscle strength exercises. Therefore, participating in these horticultural activities is expected to garner health benefits similar to those reaped from the physical activities described in the current study.
Effect of Equex STM Paste on the Quality and Motility Characteristics of Post Thawed Cryopreserved Goat Semen

บทคดยอ การศกษาครงนมวตถประสงคเพอเปรยบเทยบคณภาพของนำเชอแพะทผานการแชแขงโดยใชสารละลายนำเชอทใสและไมใสสารลดแรงตงผว อเควก เอส ท เอม เพส (Equex STM Paste) ทำการรดเกบนำเชอจากแพะ 6 ตว โดยนำเชอทนำมาแชแขงมคะแนนความเคลอนไหวมากกวารอยละ 60 และมความเขมขนมากกวา 1,500 x 106 ตว/มลลลตร ใชสารละลายพนฐานทรสและไขแดงในการแชแขงนำเชอ ทำการประเมนอตราการเคลอนทของตวอสจ อตราสวนตวอสจมชวต ความผดปกตของรปรางอสจ ความผดปกตของอะโครโซม และความสมบรณของเยอหมอสจในนำเชอสดและภายหลงการละลาย ตรวจประเมนรปแบบการเคลอนทของอสจดวยเครองตรวจวเคราะหอสจ(Computer-assisted-semen analysis; CASA) ภายหลงการเกบรกษาท 37 องศาเซลเซยสท 0, 1, 2 และ 3 ชวโมง ผลการศกษาพบวากลมทแชแขงดวยสารละลายทมอเควก เอส ท เอม เพส มอตราการเคลอนทสงกวาท 0 (p=0.0009), 1 (p>0.05)และ 2 ชวโมง (p>0.05)รวมทงมอตราสวนอสจมชวต (p=0.0002) หางปกต (p 0.05) สงกวา สวนความสมบรณของเยอหมอสจ รปรางหวปกต และรปแบบการเคลอนทของอสจในบางลกษณะมคาสงแตไมพบความแตกตางอยางมนยสำคญในกลมทไมใชสารลดแรงตงผว สรปไดวาการใส อเควก เอส ท เอม เพส ในสารละลายนำเชอชวยเพมอตรารอดของตวอสจแพะในชวง 2 ชวโมงภายหลงการละลาย คำสำคญ: การแชแขง อเควก เอส ท เอม เพส สารละลายนำเชอ แพะ Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Equex STM Paste on goat semen quality aftercryopreservation. Semen samples were consecutively collected once a week, from six mature bucks. The semensamples with adequate motility (>60%) and sperm concentration (>1,500x106 sperm/ml) were frozen in an egg yolk-Tris semen extender supplemented either with (E+) or without (E-) Equex STM Paste. The semen quality includingmotility, viability, morphology, acrosome integrity and membrane functional integrity were evaluated beforeprocessing and after cryopreservation. Computer-assisted-semen analysis (CASA) was used to characterize the spermmotion patterns during the thermal resistance test at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours post-thawing. After thawing, the spermmotility was higher in E+ group at 0 (p=0.0009), 1 (p>0.05) and 2 hours (p>0.05) compared to E- group. The positiveeffect of Equex was also observed in terms of viability (p=0.0002), normal tail (p 0.05). While semen in E- group exhibited better plasma membrane integrity, highernumber of normal sperm head, some of the motility characteristics seem better than that of E+ group but notsignificantly. In conclusion, the improvement of the quality of post thawed buck semen in extender supplementedwith Equex STM Paste was noticeable only in the first two hour after thawing Keywords: cryopreservation, Equex STM paste, semen extender, goat
CENTRALITY BIAS IN YOUTH EYEWITNESSES 3 Centrality Bias for Rejecting Lineups : Examining the impact of Wildcard Position on Youth Eyewitness Choosing Behaviour

Eyewitnesses can be extremely important figures in the criminal justice system. However, there are many factors that can affect their abilities to make correct decisions when viewing photographic lineups. The age of an eyewitness can greatly impact their ability to view, comprehend, and ultimately make a decision when viewing a lineup. Zajac and Karageorge (2009) discovered that by placing a wildcard (a salient rejection option) in a lineup, children are more likely to correctly reject target-absent photo arrays. This simple technique allows children to reject a lineup, while still being able to make a choice. The present study focused on the physical location (positioning) of the wildcard in the photo array to determine if the placement of the wildcard impacted youth witness identification decisions. Further, this study sought to examine if older children (aged 11-to-15 years) benefited from the inclusion of the wildcard in a lineup, as younger children have. Participants were recruited from a summer science camp to view a brief video. After a day delay, youths were shown two lineups (one male, and one female). Results demonstrated the salient placement of the wildcard did not have an effect in either lineup, however target presence was a factor in selection rates for the female lineup. In the female lineup, the correct target was selected significantly more often than the innocent suspect, a trend not found with the male lineup.
Plantain (Musa spp. cv. 'Navolean' AAB) transgenic plants from Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of embryogenic cell suspensions

El presente trabajo fue realizado con el objetivo de obtener plantas transgenicas de platano cultivar ‘Navolean’ (Musa AAB) y evaluar estas bajo condiciones de campo durante el primer ciclo de cultivo para la enfermedad Sigatoka negra. Suspensiones celulares embriogenicas obtenidas desde domos meristematicos fueron usadas para la transformacion por Agrobacterium tumefaciens. La cepa de bacteria EHA-105 fue utilizada con el plasmido binario pHGA-91, el cual contenia combinaciones de los genes que codifican para las antifungicas enzimas glucanasa y la osmotina ap24. Veinticuatro putativas lineas transformadas fueron obtenidas despues de dos meses de seleccion en medio de cultivo. Lo eventos transgenicos fueron verificados por la via de PCR e hibridacion Southern y estos confirmaron la integracion estable y expresion del transgen en las plantas transgenicas que fueron seleccionadas en el campo y que mostraron diferencias con las plantas no transgenicas usadas como control
Size-specific mortality of lake bacterioplankton by natural virus communities

The potential effect that viral lysis has on the cell size distribution of bacterioplankton was investigated during late summer stratification In Lake Pluhsee, Germany Size-specific bactenal mortality due to viral lysis was estimated from in s ~ t u san~p le s by a transmission electron mici-oscopy based examination of vislbly infected cells [VIC) and In an experiment with varying concentrations of the natural virus community. In all depth layers the highest percentage of cells was found in a cell length class that was smaller for the entire bacterial comn~unity (0.3-0 6 pm) than for VIC (0.6-0.9 pm). For cells < 2 4 pm the highest frequency of VIC (FVIC) was detected in the size classes 0 6-0 9 and 0.9-1.2 pm, and the FVIC was high in the size classes 1 2-1.5 (all depth layers) and 1 5-1 8 pm (metaand hypolimnion). The estimated mortality due to viral lysis In these size classes was significant with maxima of 29 to 55"o In the epilimnion, 30 to 59% in the metalimnion and 56 to 107'% in the hypolimnion In all depth layers the FVlC of bacteria < O 3 pm in length was ca 30% of that averaged for the entire bacteI-ial community, and in the expel-iment the percentage of cells <O 3 pm was highest in enclosurci w ~ t h high vli-a1 activity In the expenment the average cell size was smaller in enclosures with high than In that 1~1th low vil-a1 activity. The data demonstrate that being small could be a strategy of cells to reduce mortality due to viral lysis probably by reducing the contact rates wlth viruses. Thus, vlral l y s ~ s could be one of the mechanlsms keeping the cell size small in aquatic ecosystems In oxic water cells in the largest slze class (>2.4 pm) were not infected with viruses, and in enclosures with epilimnetic lake water the percentage of cells >2.4 pm was highest in enclosures w ~ t h highest viral abundance, suggestlng that resistance against infection favored large cells. However, In the metaand hypolimnion the FVIC was high for cells > 2 4 pm and, since the burst size Increased with bacterial cell size, lysis of large ceUs could contribute sigi~ificantly to viral production. Also, a major portion of bioinass was found in sells > 2 4 pm. The finding that v ~ r a l ysis is size-specific and can affect the cell size distribution of bacteria in lake watelhas important implications for our understanding of the mechanlsms ivhich regulate bacterial production and nutrient cycliilg in pelagic environments
Mechanical properties of wood-geopolymer composite

In recent years the popularity of ecological and renewable materials has grown. Aware of the limited resources as well as availability of local resources and economic grounds, the attention is paid to the development of new materials. Currently, there is a political as well as a societal demand for products that require less energy for the manufacturing process and are easy to recycle with less impact on environment. In comparison with concrete, wood-geopolymer emits less CO2, it is environmentally friendly and made from available local resources. Therefore, the geopolymer composites obtained from clay, sodium silicate and wood particles or fiber could be one of the solutions. Geopolymers are inorganic polymers that are formed by the polymerization reaction of silico-aluminate and silico-oxide. In this case, the geopolymer is formed from clay, which is mined in Latvia (silico-aluminate) and water glass (silico-oxide). The wood-geopolymer was made by mixing geopolymer with softwood particles. The aim of the research was to develop a wood-geopolymer composite material and to evaluate its optimal composition and properties. The study defined the impact of the compound on the mechanical and physical properties (bending strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, swelling and thermal conductivity) of the wood-geopolymer composite. The current paper presents mechanical properties of different composition and treatment methods of wood-geopolymer. As a part of the research the geopolymer and wood geopolymer thermal conductivity was compared. The results have shown that there is a correlation between the wood-geopolymer density and the thermal conductivity. The same correlation was observed between the wood-geopolymer density and the mechanical strength.
Respiratory Metabolism of Pear Fruit and Cultured Cells Exposed to Hypoxic Atmospheres: Associated Change in Activities of Key Enzymes

Bartlett' pears ( Pyrus communis L.) at two physiological stages, climacteric minimum or approaching the climacteric peak as achieved via storage for 2 or 8 weeks in air at 0C, respectively, were either ripened at 20C in air immediately or after exposure to 0.25% 0 2 for 4 days at 20C. Fruit stored for 2 weeks had relatively stable phosphofruc- tokinase (PFK), pyrophosphate : fru-6-P phosphotransferase (PFP), and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities but decreasing succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities during ripening in air. Similar fruit treated with 0.25% O 2 had slightly increased PFK, PFP, and SDH activities and decreased PK activity. Fruit stored for 8 weeks exhibited higher levels of PFK and PFP activity upon transfer to 20C, in accordance with their more advanced physiological state. In general, the enzymic changes in these fruit upon exposure to 0.25% O 2 and subsequent ripening in air were similar to those observed in the less-mature counterparts, most notable being an increase in mitochondrial SDH. Exposure of suspension-cultured pear fruit cells to hypoxia resulted in an accentuated rise in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and a dramatic rise in SDH activity upon transfer to air. Taken in concert, the enzymic analysis supports the hypothesis that the rise in succinate levels observed in hypoxic fruit tissues is the result of a partial reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. Cytochrome oxidase activity did not change during hypoxia whereas soluble peroxidase decreased somewhat, perhaps a reflection of their Michaelis constants for O 2 .
Parent-initiated Motivational Climate and Young Athletes' Intrinsic- Extrinsic Motivation: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Relations

Sport is an important developmental context for children, and experiences involving parents, coaches, and peers affect a variety of important psychosocial outcomes, including motivational processes. Linking concepts from achievement goal theory with motivational constructs in self-determination theory, this study examined relations between the motivational climate created by parents and both the nature and changes in sport-related motivation in young athletes, using Grolnick and Ryan’s autonomous regulation index, which summarizes the relative strength of intrinsic and extrinsic forms of motivation. We followed a sample (N=308) of 9-14 year old swim club athletes during a 32-week season, measuring their reports of the parent-initiated motivational climate as well as autonomous regulation at the beginning of the season, at midseason, and at the end of the season. Cross sectional analyses at each point revealed that children whose parents created a mastery climate, which defines success in terms of enjoyment of the activity, self-improvement, and effort, reported higher levels of autonomous regulation (intrinsic motivation) than did those whose parent created an ego climate that emphasized winning, avoidance of mistakes, and ability comparison with others. In contrast, ego climate scores were positively related to extrinsic motivation scores. Girls exhibited higher autonomous regulation than did boys. An extreme-group longitudinal analysis showed that children exposed to a strong mastery environment exhibited higher autonomous regulation and increased in autonomous regulation from mid-season to late-season, whereas an ego-climate group decreased in internal regulation during this interval.
WORKING MEMORY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN DECISION MAKING By TINA L. JAMESON A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

iii LIST OF TABLES. v LIST OF FIGURES . vi SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO DECISION MAKING. 1 SECTION 2: ASSESSING DECISION MAKING . 3 SECTION 3: EXPLAINING IMPAIRED DECISION MAKING PERFORMANCE . 6 SECTION 4: DECISION MAKING AND WORKING MEMORY . 9 SECTION 5: THE GOALS OF THE PRESENT STUDY. 13 SECTION 6: THE EXPERIMENTS . 14 Experiment 1. 14 Method . 15 Results and Discussion. 19 Experiment 2. 24 Method . 25 Results and Discussion. 26 GENERAL DISCUSSION . 30 REFERENCES . 34
Modification of the saffron model for growth and yield prediction under different irrigation water salinity, manure application and planting methods

The Saffron Yield Estimation Model (SYEM) was modified for salinity conditions, cow manure application and planting methods using two-year experiments data in Badjgah region of Iran. A split-split plot arrangement was conducted in complete randomized block design during two years with irrigation water salinity levels (0.45 (fresh water, S1), 1.0 (S2), 2.0 (S3) and 3.0 (S4) dS m -1 ) as the main plot, cow manure levels (30 (F1) and 60 (F2) Mg ha -1 ) as the sub plot and planting method (basin (P1) and in-furrow (P2)) as the sub-sub plot in three replications. Data of the second and first growing season were used to calibrate and validate the modified model, respectively. In the modified SYEM model, the soil salinity was estimated. Based on the NRMSE and d indices, the modified SYEM model presented a very good to fair estimation of actual evapotranspiration, evaporation, transpiration, soil water content and salinity, leaf dry matter, corm and saffron yields. The advantage of this model is its simplicity and easy calibration in other climate conditions for saffron crop. Prediction of saffron yield by this model can be used for better irrigation salinity management under different manure application levels and planting methods.