Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What the Patients and Parents Do Not Tell You—Recollections From Families Following External LeFort III Midface Distraction

Objective The purpose of this study was to document the experience of patients and parents of patients who had recently undergone LeFort III midface distraction using an external halo-based device. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting A craniofacial center in a pediatric tertiary care medical center. Subjects Eight children who had undergone midface distraction within 1 year of the interview and their caregivers. Intervention Semi-structured interview. Main outcome measure Transcripts of the interviews were rendered anonymous and analyzed by our multi-disciplinary team. Consistent themes in the subjects' experience during and after midface distraction were identified. Results (1) Family participation in the decision to undergo distraction and pre-operative preparation was recognized as valuable, but parents identified that there are inherent limitations; (2) homecare tasks seemed daunting pre-operatively but were easier than expected; (3) discomfort, sleeping, and interaction with peers were considered well accommodated, but feeding was challenging; (4) individualized pre-operative plans for community support was important; (5) parents and patients were impressed by the change in appearance, specifically in the peri-orbital region; (6) access to team members and to parents of patients who had participated in the distraction process was invaluable. Conclusion External midface distraction is a valuable clinical technique, but requires intensive preparation and support from a multi-disciplinary team. We provide suggestions for consideration by centers initiating and refining patient care plans for this surgery.
Surveillance of smoking during pregnancy in Sweden, 1983‐1987

Since 1982, prospective information on smoking during early pregnancy is reported to the Swedish Medical Birth Registry for nearly all (93%) women who give birth. The present paper studies the validity of this information: effects on birthweight and perinatal mortality are very similar to those described previously in the literature. For each parity class, smoking decreases in inverse proportion to increasing maternal age; for each maternal age class, smoking increases with parity. A slight reduction in smoking rate is observed between 1983 and 1987, most pronounced for young women. There are marked geographic and social differences in the rate of smoking during pregnancy. This dataset can be used in the future to monitor the prevalence of smoking, and to study various factors associated with smoking and the impact of countermeasures taken against smoking during pregnancy. It can also be used to study possible associations between maternal smoking and rare events like congenital malformations and child cancer.
Prosodic Perception of Social Affects in Mandarin  

Social affects are, on the contrary to emotions, some voluntary controls expressed within the prosody, and contribute to build the meaning in the speech acts. The present work was set up to examine the perception of Chinese social affects by native subjects, but in the long term aims for the method of attitudinal prosody teaching. A speech corpus was designed with the variation of length, tone location and syntactic structures of utterances, and has been incorporated with 19 social affects. The perceptual experiment reveals that the social affects were globally well recognized; “declaration” and “disappointment” were the best recognized; “confidence” and “irony” were the less recognized. All social affects listed were clustered into seven groups, coherently in terms of cognitive/mental processing.
SLE NETs mitochondrial DNA and its autoantibody in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and a proof-of-concept trial of metformin

Supported by the Chinese Natural Science Foundation (grants 81072503) Haiting Wang, MM, Ting Li, MD, Sheng Chen, MD, Yueying Gu, MD, Shuang Ye, MD: Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital South Campus, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200001 China Address correspondence to Shuang Ye, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital South Campus, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 145 Shandong C Rd, Shanghai 200001, China. E-mail:ye_shuang2000@163.com Full Length Arthritis & Rheumatology DOI 10.1002/art.39296
Potential Antioxidant Activities Improve Salt Tolerance in Ten Varieties of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)

The activity of antioxidative enzymes system is affected by salt stress, chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf relative water content (RWC), Na+ and K+ contents, their ratio and some oxidative stress indices were studied in leaves of ten bread wheat cultivarsSehar-06, Lu-26, NARC-09, BARC-09 and Pirsbak-09’(salt-tolerant) and Kaghan-94, Rohtas-90, Soughat-90, Shaheen-94 and Zardana-89’(salt-sensitive), grown under salinity treatments carried out in five levels (1 dS·m-1 as control, 2, 4, 8, 16 dS·m-1) via sodium chloride. Under high salt potency significant increase for activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guiacol peroxidase (GPX), occured in salt tolerant varieties. Meanwhile, under salinity condition the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and (GPX) in sensitive cultivar were lower than control. Regarding (APX) activity there was no significant difference between salinity and control situation. Under salt stress membrane stability index (MSI) of both cultivars were negatively influenced. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of salinity sensitive cultivars was higher than control. Salt tolerant varieties had more amounts of K+ content, K+ and Na+ ratio, relative water content, yield and chlorophyll under salt conditions, and sensitive ones recorded higher Na+ content at tillering stage. The mechanism of salt stress might be achieved due to low lipid peroxidation, assumingly lower changes in membrane stability index and evasion of Na+ combination and amplified activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Variation in management of small invasive breast cancers detected on screening in the former South East Thames region: observational study

Abstract Objective: To examine the variation in surgical and adjuvant treatment of breast cancer of known histology and detected on screening in a large cohort of patients treated by the surgeons of a health region. Design: Part prospective, part retrospective observational study using the databases of a region's breast screening programme and of the cancer registry. Setting: The former South East Thames region. Subjects: 600 women aged 49–79 who presented during 1991–2 with invasive breast cancer up to 20 mm in diameter that had been detected on screening. These patients were treated by 35 surgeons. Main outcome measures: Mastectomy rate by surgeon and the use of adjuvant treatment (radiotherapy, tamoxifen, and chemotherapy) were compared with risk factors, tumour grade, resection margins, and axillary node status. Results: The mastectomy rate varied between nil and 80%, although the numbers at these extremes were small (0/13 v 8/10). Surgeons operating on more than 20 such cases had a lower mastectomy rate (15%) than surgeons treating fewer cases (23%), but this difference was confounded by variation in casemix. There were also wide variations in mastectomy rates and in axillary sampling rates that were independent of casemix or caseload. There was broad agreement on the use of adjuvant tamoxifen (94%), but few patients received chemotherapy (2.5%). 78 patients (19%) did not receive radiotherapy, including 51 out of 317 patients with unfavourable tumours, and 26 patients did not receive tamoxifen. Whether the patient received adjuvant treatment was more dependent on referral by the surgeon than the risk factors for local recurrence and was independent of caseload. Conclusion: Mastectomy rates for similar tumours vary widely by surgeon independently of casemix or caseload, but surgeons with a higher caseload tend to have a lower mastectomy rate. Omission of postoperative radiotherapy or tamoxifen after conservative treatment is not related to risk factors for local recurrence or caseload. Confidential feedback of treatment profiles to individual surgeons has been used, but when benefit has been established treatment should be guided by evidence based protocol. Key messages In this health region mastectomy rate varied between surgeons, surgeons with higher caseloads tending to be more conservative, but the wide variation in clinical practice was not related to caseload The use of adjuvant tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with invasive breast cancer was high (94%) and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy low (2.5%) Adjuvant radiotherapy after conservative surgery was omitted in 1 in 5 cases, but the omission was not related to risk factors for local recurrence A weekly multidisciplinary meeting is an important safeguard to ensure optimal treatment, and the team should include a radiotherapist or an oncologist When benefit has already been clearly established, treatment should be guided by evidence based protocols and audited by regular site visits
Relationships between Channels for Colour and Spatial Frequency in Human Vision

Five forms of relationships and four types of channels are possible between two systems of sensory channels. The relationships between channels for colour and spatial frequency were studied in three adaptation experiments. In the first, a new colour-specific spatial aftereffect was found, which indicates the existence of channels that are specific both to colour and to spatial frequency. The second showed that the spatial-frequency aftereffect of Blakemore and Sutton is not colour specific, which indicates that there are channels for spatial frequency that are not colour specific. The third demonstrated that coloured afterimages are not spatial-frequency specific immediately after adaptation, although they become so later. This indicates that there are channels for colour that are not spatial-frequency specific. The existence of these three types of channels implies that the channel systems for colour and spatial frequency overlap partially and mutually in the human visual system. This kind of organisation of channel systems, if it exists, may form the psychophysical structure that is required for the capacity of simultaneous integration and differentiation in the perception of colour and size of visual objects.
Demonstration of B. burgdorferi-DNA in Two Cases of Nodal Lymphoma

Department of Epidemiology Research, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Raigmore Hospital, Scotland; Department of Virology, Raigmore Hospital, Scotland; Department of Immunopathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
PCR Analysis of the Distribution of Unicellular Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs in the Arabian Sea

ABSTRACT An oligonucleotide primer, NITRO821R, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of unicellular cyanobacterial N2 fixers was developed based on newly derived sequences from Crocosphaera sp. strain WH 8501 and Cyanothece sp. strains WH 8902 and WH 8904 as well as several previously described sequences of Cyanothece sp. and sequences of intracellular cyanobacterial symbionts of the marine diatom Climacodium frauenfeldianum. This oligonucleotide is specific for the targeted organisms, which represent a well-defined phylogenetic lineage, and can detect as few as 50 cells in a standard PCR when it is used as a reverse primer together with the cyanobacterium- and plastid-specific forward primer CYA359F (U. Nübel, F. Garcia-Pichel, and G. Muyzer, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3327-3332, 1997). Use of this primer pair in the PCR allowed analysis of the distribution of marine unicellular cyanobacterial diazotrophs along a transect following the 67°E meridian from Victoria, Seychelles, to Muscat, Oman (0.5°S to 26°N) in the Arabian Sea. These organisms were found to be preferentially located in warm (>29°C) oligotrophic subsurface waters between 0 and 7°N, but they were also found at a station north of Oman at 26°N, 56°35′E, where similar water column conditions prevailed. Slightly cooler oligotrophic waters (<29°C) did not contain these organisms or the numbers were considerably reduced, suggesting that temperature is a key factor in dictating the abundance of this unicellular cyanobacterial diazotroph lineage in marine environments.
Aggressive lymphoma: improving treatment outcome with rituximab

&NA; The standard therapy for patients with aggressive lymphoma is cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy, which achieves a complete response in more than 60% of patients but is curative in only about 40–50%. More aggressive and/or dose‐intensified chemotherapy regimens have failed to provide significant survival advantages compared with CHOP, and may have higher toxicity. Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to the CD20 antigen, is effective as monotherapy in aggressive lymphoma and in combination with chemotherapy has demonstrated high response rates in phase II trials. A scheduled interim analysis of a randomized, prospective trial comparing rituximab plus CHOP with CHOP alone in elderly patients with untreated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma has shown significantly better response rates and survival with rituximab plus CHOP compared with CHOP alone. These results represent the first significant improvement in overall survival over CHOP in aggressive lymphoma for over 20 years. The addition of rituximab was not associated with significant additional toxicity over that seen with CHOP alone. Ongoing studies are underway to establish whether the survival benefit of rituximab plus CHOP is seen in younger patient populations. Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy is also being evaluated as salvage treatment for patients who relapse after initial chemotherapy. In a preliminary analysis of a study in 50 patients with refractory or relapsed aggressive lymphoma, rituximab plus etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (EPOCH) chemotherapy has demonstrated promising results when used as sole salvage therapy and as an induction therapy prior to autologous stem‐cell transplantation, again without significant additional toxicity.
The grammatical expression of emotions in Tacana and other Takanan languages

This paper studies four grammatical markers of emotions in Tacana, an Amazonian language from the Takanan family spoken in Northern Bolivia. Two markers express positive emotions, chidi ‘affection’ and ichenu ‘compassion’. The other two express negative emotions: base ‘depreciation 1’ and madha ‘depreciation 2’. The paper also provides a historical-comparative study of similar morphemes in the other Takanan languages (Araona, Cavinena, Ese Ejja and Reyesano). The Tacana affection morpheme is probably reconstructible to a diminutive marker in proto-Takanan. The compassion and two depreciation morphemes are not reconstructible but recent grammaticalizations of lexical items still used in the different Takanan languages. Interestingly, these lexemes do not display any synchronic or diachronic link with the expression of “diminutivization” or “augmentativization”. Therefore, this paper suggests that the morphological expression of emotions should be studied in its own right, and not necessarily as a subtype of the evaluative field of research.
Social parasitism in fire ants (Solenopsis spp.): a potential mechanism for interspecies transfer of Wolbachia

One possible mechanism for interspecific transfer of Wolbachia is through the intimate contact between parasites and their hosts. We surveyed 10 species of fly parasitoids (Pseudacteon spp.) and one inquiline social parasite, Solenopsis daguerrei, for the presence and sequence identity (wsp gene) of Wolbachia. Two Wolbachia variants infecting S. daguerrei were identical to known variants infecting the two common ant host species, Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri, suggesting possible transfers of Wolbachia between this parasite and their hosts have occurred. Our data also revealed an unexpectedly high diversity of Wolbachia variants within S. daguerrei: up to eight variants were found within each individual, which, to our knowledge, is the highest reported number of Wolbachia variants infecting a single individual of any host species.
INFLUÊNCIA DA APLICAÇÃO DE GLIFOSATO NA PRODUTIVIDADE DA SOJA

O glifosato e um potente herbicida de pos-emergencia, largo espectro, nao seletivo que e capaz de controlar efetivamente 76 das 78 plantas invasoras mais agressivas. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicacao de glifosato nos estadio R2, R4 e R5, e uma testemunha sobre o comportamento da cultura da soja. O experimento foi conduzido a campo em uma area experimental da Faculdade Assis Gurgacz, Cascavel, PR. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco repeticoes. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliacoes: numero de vagens, massa de 1000 graos e produtividade. Pode-se concluir apartir dos resultados o efeito significativo do manejo da aplicacao de glifosato para a variavel numero de vagens e produtividade, nao incrementando significativamente para massa de 1000 graos.
Running head: TRAUMA DURING THE PERINATAL PERIOD 1 Effects of Trauma during the Perinatal Period: Healing Through Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

This paper examines current literature about using EMDR to treat trauma during the peri-natal period. Many women experience trauma before, during, and after childbirth. If left untreated, these women are at higher risk for perinatal mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, unresolved trauma during the perinatal period may have detrimental effects on infant attachment, relationship with spouse or partner, and negative self-perception. EMDR is an integrative psychotherapy that has been effective in the treatment of trauma. In addition to describing the therapeutic process of EMDR, this paper specifically discusses how EMDR is successful at promoting healing in women who have survived a traumatic experience during the perinatal period. TRAUMA DURING THE PERINATAL PERIOD 3 Effects of Trauma during the Perinatal Period: Healing Through Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Childbirth represents a natural and positive experience in a woman’s life, but sometimes it is also a stressful event. Recent studies show that not only do negative child birth outcomes or severe pathologies influence mothers’ perceptions and psychological distress, but could also lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can have negative implications for the mother, father, and infant. Many studies have indicated that women with post-traumatic stress following childbirth usually do not recover spontaneously. Therefore, it is essential to develop more appropriate services and to provide effective treatment for post-partum women. Thus far, there is no standard intervention that has been proven effective for women with post-traumatic stress following childbirth because of insufficient research. However, EMDR has been shown to be an effective treatment for PTSD and thus may be effective for PTSD resulting in childbirth. This literature review examines the prevalence of trauma after child birth, identifies the role and effects of PTSD after childbirth, and presents current available treatment modalities. This paper glances at the Adlerian view of trauma through the lens of Individual Psychology and explains the process of EMDR and how it can helpful in healing trauma after a negative child birth experience. This paper will end with a brief description of how EMDR and Individual Psychology can blend together to create a treatment strategy for resolving child birth trauma.
Docetaxel in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide as adjuvant treatment for early node-positive breast cancer: a cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis.

PURPOSE To estimate the cost effectiveness of TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide) compared with FAC (fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide) when administered as adjuvant therapy to women with node-positive early breast cancer in the United Kingdom (UK), both with and without primary prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). METHODS A standard health economic Markov model estimated the cost and outcome for node-positive early breast cancer patients, from initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy to death. Patient-level data were used from the Breast Cancer International Research Group (BCIRG) 001 trial for estimates of the effect of chemotherapy on toxicity and outcome, and an observational data set collected from a UK university hospital provided estimates of resource use and outcome for patients with relapsed disease. RESULTS Over a 10-year analysis timeframe, the incremental cost per life-year saved associated with the use of TAC rather than FAC was estimated as pound 15,418 (95% CI, pound 13,734 to pound 17,997) and the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained (IC/QALY) was pound 18,188 (95% CI, pound 14,161 to pound 32,422). The addition of primary G-CSF (lenograstim or filgrastim) to the TAC regimen resulted in an IC/QALY of pound 20,432. The results were most sensitive to the quality-of-life (QOL) score for patients in remission postchemotherapy. However, even if QOL was assumed to be as poor as for patients with metastatic disease, the IC/QALY estimate rose only to pound 32,430. CONCLUSION The use of adjuvant TAC rather than FAC for node-positive early breast cancer patients is cost effective, despite the increased drug and toxicity treatment costs, and when primary G-CSF prophylaxis is given to all patients.
Age at Natural Menopause among Rural and Urban Punjabi Brahmin Females

Abstract Present study is an attempt to estimate age at natural menopause among rural and urban Punjabi Brahmin females of Roop Nagar district (Punjab). Cross-sectional data are based on 870 Brahmin females (rural=450, urban=420), ranging in age from 40 to 70 years. Mean and median age at menopause of rural females is 48.22±2.47 years and 48.98±1.12 years respectively, while among urban females it is 49.30±2.80 years and 50.12±1.15 years, respectively. These findings indicate that urban Brahmin females experience menopause at a later age as compared to their rural counterparts. The mean age at menopause of rural as well as urban females is found to be earlier than their median ages at menopause. Punjabi Brahmin rural and urban females of the present study exhibit a slightly later age at menopause for females having early menarche.
Changes of KCl sensitivity of proliferating neural progenitors during in vitro neurogenesis

The effects of KCl‐treatment on the survival and proliferation of NE‐4C self‐renewing neural progenitor cells were investigated during early phases of in vitro induced neurogenesis. NE‐4C cells, derived from the anterior brain vesicles of embryonic mouse (E9), divided continuously under non‐inducing conditions, but acquired neuronal features within 6 days, if induced by all‐trans retinoic acid (RA). During the first 2 days of induction, the cells went on proliferating and did not show signs of morphological differentiation. In this stage, the resting membrane potential of RA‐induced cells adopted more negative values in comparison to non‐induced ones. Despite the increased membrane polarity and K+ conductance, addition of 20–50 mM KCl failed to elicit inward Na+ currents and did not induce an increase in the intracellular Ca+ level. Long‐term treatment with 25 mM KCl, on the other hand, resulted in a selective loss of cells committed to neuronal fate by both decreasing the rate of cell proliferation and increasing the rate of cell death. The data indicate that the viability and proliferation of neural progenitors are influenced by extracellular K+‐level in a differentiation stage‐dependent manner. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.