Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 40-mV-Swing Single-Ended Transceiver for TSV with a Switched-Diode RX Termination

A switched-diode termination (SDT) is proposed to implement a low-power transceiver circuit for on-chip single-ended signaling through a through-silicon via (TSV). The channel signal swing is limited to 40 mV by the SDT to reduce the transmitter (TX) power. An inverter-cascade amplifier is used to reduce the receiver (RX) power. The SDT consists of an nMOS diode and a pMOS diode, which are connected in a series between power rails through the RX input node. Only one of these two diodes is switched on depending on the RX output data, which eliminates the short-circuit current of the center-tap resistor termination. Inverter feedback is applied to the cascade amplifier of the RX to increase the bandwidth from 0.9 to 5.0 GHz. The transceiver in the 65-nm CMOS process combined with an emulated five-stack TSV on the same chip works at 8 Gb/s with 149 fJ/b/pF and a 1.2-V supply.
Astrocyte-derived interleukin-33 promotes microglial synapse engulfment and neural circuit development

Call to action The developing brain initially makes more synapses than it needs. With further development, excess synapses are pruned away, leaving mature circuits. Synapses can be eliminated by microglia, which engulf and destroy them. Vainchtein et al. found that the microglia are called into action by astrocytes, supportive cells on which neurons rely. Astrocytes near a redundant synapse release the cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33), which recruits microglia to the site. In mice, disruptions in this process, as caused by deficiency in IL-33, led to too many excitatory synapses and overactive brain circuitry. Science, this issue p. 1269 Astrocytes use microglia to prune redundant neuronal synapses. Neuronal synapse formation and remodeling are essential to central nervous system (CNS) development and are dysfunctional in neurodevelopmental diseases. Innate immune signals regulate tissue remodeling in the periphery, but how this affects CNS synapses is largely unknown. Here, we show that the interleukin-1 family cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) is produced by developing astrocytes and is developmentally required for normal synapse numbers and neural circuit function in the spinal cord and thalamus. We find that IL-33 signals primarily to microglia under physiologic conditions, that it promotes microglial synapse engulfment, and that it can drive microglial-dependent synapse depletion in vivo. These data reveal a cytokine-mediated mechanism required to maintain synapse homeostasis during CNS development.
The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Neuropsychiatry

therapeutic change" is particularly well written with a critical analysis of the reasons for the conflicts and paradoxes found in the current body ofliterature on the appearance and underlying biophysics of haemorrhage and traumatic haemorrhagic tissue of different ages in different situations and imaged with different sequences at different field strengths. Commonly seen but seldom explained changes noted in routine imaging following chemotherapy or surgery are then discussed. Their practical clinical consequences are emphasised. The main text ends with a glossary ofMRI terms which although useful are not controversial, have been well described in many other books and this section is really superfluous. Two useful appendices follow: the first uses a selection ofinversion recovery and spin echo sequences to display a well labelled multiplaner atlas of the brain, skull base and orbit in 30 large format illustrations. The second comprises a description of protocols found useful on a 0-5T Picker Vista MR scanner with a reference to an alternative set for other machines. These provide sensible guidelines for routine imaging and cover the majority of cranial neurodiagnostic problems including paediatric evaluation. A comprehensive integrated index to the text, tables and figures completes the book. Overall, the quality of the illustrations is variable with most being routine clinical images rather than perfect examples of the current state of the art. Many are poorly printed with a rather reduced range of grey tones and unfortunately in one or two, labelled structures are not visible to the reader but in the majority, lesions are either obvious or clearly arrowed. In most the pulse sequence used to obtain the section is stated with only the occasional omission which the author himself warns the reader about on page 21. For example, Fig. 4-4B, page 55, is supposed to be a Tl-weighted image but the grey matter is bright and the white matter dark-usually the appearance of a T2-weighted sequence despite the lipoma giving a hyperintense signal. This highlights the problem of using these terms in isolation without defining the field strength and sequence. There are occasional lapses where a lesion is described as being isointense with brain but the reader is not told whether this means grey or white matter. The general appearance of the text is marred by several poorly printed pages and multiple spelling errors which should have been corrected in the proof. The author says that he tries to separate fact from opinion and uncorroborated data: however, this strategy is dependent on the quality and analysis of the references quoted. These are listed alphabetically at the end of each chapter but as is the case with most books, despite some additions at the proof stage, they appear dated. It is mitigated to some extent by using 1987 conference proceedings rather than referred journals but unfortunately they are often only abstracts and difficult for the reader to obtain unless he is a member ofthe society or has been to the conference. MRI is such a fast moving subject that up-to-date referen-
Highly Reconfigurable Analog Baseband for Multistandard Wireless Receivers in 65-nm CMOS

A highly reconfigurable merged analog baseband (MABB) with not only tunable bandwidth (BW), gain, and order but also reconfigurable power, noise, and linearity is proposed for multistandard integrated wireless receivers in this brief. The MABB could arrange the total gain to different stages for noise and linearity tradeoffs by introducing the merged biquad topology. To save power, the operational amplifier (Opamp) for the proposed MABB can reduce the GBW, as long as it meets the GBW requirement for different BW, gain, and order. A flexible power-efficient high-GBW Opamp with an adaptive common-mode bias circuit is also proposed for the eighth-order active-RC MABB. The proposed MABB covers a cutoff frequency range from 200 kHz to 20 MHz, whereas the gain could be tuned between 0 and 72 dB. The proposed highly reconfigurable MABB is suitable for multistandard integrated wireless receivers.
Augmenting the Core Battery With Supplementary Subtests: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—IV Measurement Invariance Across the United States and Canada

Examination of measurement invariance provides a powerful method to evaluate the hypothesis that the same set of psychological constructs underlies a set of test scores in different populations. If measurement invariance is observed, then the same psychological meaning can be ascribed to scores in both populations. In this study, the measurement model including core and supplementary subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth edition (WAIS-IV) were compared across the U.S. and Canadian standardization samples. Populations were compared on the 15 subtest version of the test in people aged 70 and younger and on the 12 subtest version in people aged 70 or older. Results indicated that a slightly modified version of the four-factor model reported in the WAIS-IV technical manual provided the best fit in both populations and in both age groups. The null hypothesis of measurement invariance across populations was not rejected, and the results provide direct evidence for the generalizability of convergent and discriminant validity studies with the WAIS-IV across populations. Small to medium differences in latent means favoring Canadians highlight the value of local norms.
All-printed thin-film transistors from networks of liquid-exfoliated nanosheets

Printing nanosheet-network transistors Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and metal chalcogenides such as tungsten diselenide (WSe2) are attractive for use in low-cost thin-film transistors (TFTs) because they have high charge-carrier mobility. Kelly et al. printed TFTs from networks of exfoliated dispersions of 2D materials with graphene contacts, WSe2 as the semiconductor, and a boron nitride separator. Electrolytic gating with ionic liquids enabled higher operating currents than achieved with comparable organic TFTs. Science, this issue p. 69 Vertically stacked transistors made from printed networks of exfoliated nanosheets support high currents and on-off ratios. All-printed transistors consisting of interconnected networks of various types of two-dimensional nanosheets are an important goal in nanoscience. Using electrolytic gating, we demonstrate all-printed, vertically stacked transistors with graphene source, drain, and gate electrodes, a transition metal dichalcogenide channel, and a boron nitride (BN) separator, all formed from nanosheet networks. The BN network contains an ionic liquid within its porous interior that allows electrolytic gating in a solid-like structure. Nanosheet network channels display on:off ratios of up to 600, transconductances exceeding 5 millisiemens, and mobilities of >0.1 square centimeters per volt per second. Unusually, the on-currents scaled with network thickness and volumetric capacitance. In contrast to other devices with comparable mobility, large capacitances, while hindering switching speeds, allow these devices to carry higher currents at relatively low drive voltages.
On the history of the psycho-analytic movement

Freud approved the overall editorial plan, specific renderings of key words and phrases, and the addition of valuable notes, from bibliographical and explanatory. Many of the translations were done by Strachey himself; the rest were prepared under his supervision. The result was to place the Standard Edition in a position of unquestioned supremacy over all other existing versions. Newly designed in a uniform format, each new paperback in the Standard Edition opens with a biographical essay on Freud's life and work -along with a note on the individual volume-by Peter Gay, Sterling Professor of History at Yale.
Psychometric Properties of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Depressed Adults and Development of a Short Form

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in therapies that include the learning of mindfulness skills. The 39-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) has been developed as a reliable and valid comprehensive instrument for assessing different aspects of mindfulness in community and student samples. In this study, the psychometric properties of the Dutch FFMQ were assessed in a sample of 376 adults with clinically relevant symptoms of depression and anxiety. Construct validity was examined with confirmatory factor analyses and by relating the FFMQ to measures of psychological symptoms, well-being, experiential avoidance, and the personality factors neuroticism and openness to experience. In addition, a 24-item short form of the FFMQ (FFMQ-SF) was developed and assessed in the same sample and cross-validated in an independent sample of patients with fibromyalgia. Confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable model fit for a correlated five-factor structure of the FFMQ and good model fit for the structure of the FFMQ-SF. The replicability of the five-factor structure of the FFMQ-SF was confirmed in the fibromyalgia sample. Both instruments proved highly sensitive to change. It is concluded that both the FFMQ and the FFMQ-SF are reliable and valid instruments for use in adults with clinically relevant symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Integrating Risk Context Into Risk Assessments

The context in which offenders are released is an important component of conducting risk assessments. A sample of 257 supervised male parolees were followed in the community (M = 870 days) after an initial risk assessment. Drawing on community-based information, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the recently developed Risk Context Scale. Four domains from the Risk Context Scale include Resource Engagement, Social Network Presence, Integration of Care, and Social Stability. Using mediation analysis, an initial static risk probability was altered up to 26% by accounting for risk context. Implications of the present results include a broader explanation of recidivism, offering intervention strategies, and further individualizing risk assessments.
VTEAM – A General Model for Voltage Controlled Memristors

— Memristors are novel electrical devices used for a variety of applications including memory, logic circuits, and neuromorphic systems. Memristive technologies are attractive due to the nonvolatility, scalability, and compatibility with CMOS. Numerous physical experiments have shown the existence of a threshold voltage in some physical memristors. Additionally, as shown in this paper, some applications require voltage controlled memristors to operate properly. In this paper, the Voltage ThrEshold Adaptive Memristor (VTEAM) model is proposed to describe the behavior of voltage controlled memristors. The VTEAM model extends the previously proposed TEAM model, which describes current-controlled memristors. The VTEAM model has similar advantages to the TEAM model: it is simple, general, and flexible and can characterize different voltage controlled memristors. The VTEAM model is accurate (below 1.5% in terms of relative root mean squared error) and computationally efficient as compared to existing memristor models and experimental results describing different memristive technologies.
Moderating cultural effects in a higher e-education context? Supervisor's tone of voice in recorded audio feedback

Providing feedback to learners on their writing assignments is one of the most important and time-consuming tasks that a supervisor performs. In e-Education environments, especially in the case of distance learning, giving feedback becomes more challenging because there are often no opportunities for face-to-face interaction. Typically, a supervisor provides comments to learners in written form via email; however, the use of recorded audio feedback (RAF) in e-Education environments has become a viable alternative. This work in progress reports on learners' perceptions of RAF in a multi-cultural higher e-Education context. Our observations indicate that learners tend to have positive feelings toward RAF and that RAF potentially moderates cultural effects. The observations are discussed in light of the relevant literature, and future research questions are proposed.
Massive blow-out craters formed by hydrate-controlled methane expulsion from the Arctic seafloor

Massive methane blow-outs may be responsible for clusters of kilometer-wide craters in the Barents Sea. Methane takes the quick way out Accounting for all the sources and sinks of methane is important for determining its concentration in the atmosphere. Andreassen et al. found evidence of large craters embedded within methane-leaking subglacial sediments in the Barents Sea, Norway. They propose that the thinning of the ice sheet at the end of recent glacial cycles decreased the pressure on pockets of hydrates buried in the seafloor, resulting in explosive blow-outs. This created the giant craters and released large quantities of methane into the water above. Science, this issue p. 948 Widespread methane release from thawing Arctic gas hydrates is a major concern, yet the processes, sources, and fluxes involved remain unconstrained. We present geophysical data documenting a cluster of kilometer-wide craters and mounds from the Barents Sea floor associated with large-scale methane expulsion. Combined with ice sheet/gas hydrate modeling, our results indicate that during glaciation, natural gas migrated from underlying hydrocarbon reservoirs and was sequestered extensively as subglacial gas hydrates. Upon ice sheet retreat, methane from this hydrate reservoir concentrated in massive mounds before being abruptly released to form craters. We propose that these processes were likely widespread across past glaciated petroleum provinces and that they also provide an analog for the potential future destabilization of subglacial gas hydrate reservoirs beneath contemporary ice sheets.
The Online Social Self

Objective: We present a new open language analysis approach that identifies and visually summarizes the dominant naturally occurring words and phrases that most distinguished each Big Five personality trait. Method: Using millions of posts from 69,792 Facebook users, we examined the correlation of personality traits with online word usage. Our analysis method consists of feature extraction, correlational analysis, and visualization. Results: The distinguishing words and phrases were face valid and provide insight into processes that underlie the Big Five traits. Conclusion: Open-ended data driven exploration of large datasets combined with established psychological theory and measures offers new tools to further understand the human psyche.
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of a Brief Measure of Dysfunctional Individuation

Individuation is widely considered a fundamental developmental task of adolescence. It is a process through which the adolescent seeks to define new boundaries between his or her self and others, and the failure to do so has been shown to have serious consequences. Given its importance for understanding developmental transitions, it is surprising that there are few assessments of dysfunctional individuation. Over three studies, we provide evidence of a promising new measure of this important construct: the 10-item Dysfunctional Individuation Scale (DIS). Using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, we demonstrate that the DIS possesses a strong one-factor structure and excellent psychometric properties. Furthermore, we document the convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the DIS through its relationships with indices of individuation, adjustment, and clinically relevant symptoms. Finally, we examine the incremental validity of the DIS over neuroticism as a predictor of depression (Beck Depression Inventory–II).
Grooved Pegboard Predicates More of Cognitive Than Motor Involvement in Parkinson’s Disease

The Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) was conceived as a test of manual dexterity, upper-limb motor speed, and hand–eye coordination. The aim of our study was to test the componential structure of the GPT on an archetypal model of motor impairment, Parkinson’s disease (PD). A total of 45 PD patients (33 males, 12 females; age M = 67, range = 49-81; PD duration M = 10, range = 6-20 years; H/Y stage 2, range = 2-3) and 20 age- and education-matched controls (14 males, 6 females; age M = 66, range = 48-80) were included. All participants were investigated using the GPT, Short Falls Efficacy Scale–International, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Non-Motor Symptom Scale. Patients were followed for 6 months, using fall diaries and monthly phone calls to define PD fallers (falls ≥ 1; n = 27) and PD nonfallers (falls = 0; n = 18). Using structural equation modeling, the GPT predicted performance on the MoCA (p < .001), but not on the FAB (p = .29). In conclusion, analysis of the structure of the GPT provided evidence about important cognitive features, in addition to the motor component of this test in PD.
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling of Personality Data

The current article compares the use of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) as an alternative to confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) models in personality research. We compare model fit, factor distinctiveness, and criterion associations of factors derived from ESEM and CFA models. In Sample 1 (n = 336) participants completed the NEO-FFI, the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form, and the Creative Domains Questionnaire. In Sample 2 (n = 425) participants completed the Big Five Inventory and the depression and anxiety scales of the General Health Questionnaire. ESEM models provided better fit than CFA models, but ESEM solutions did not uniformly meet cutoff criteria for model fit. Factor scores derived from ESEM and CFA models correlated highly (.91 to .99), suggesting the additional factor loadings within the ESEM model add little in defining latent factor content. Lastly, criterion associations of each personality factor in CFA and ESEM models were near identical in both inventories. We provide an example of how ESEM and CFA might be used together in improving personality assessment.
The microbial metabolite desaminotyrosine protects from influenza through type I interferon

Eat more plants for influenza resilience Antibiotic treatment worsens influenza in mice, possibly because the concomitant loss of the microbiota interrupts the production of bioactive metabolites. Steed et al. found that a microbial product, desaminotyrosine (DAT), produced by an obligate clostridial anaerobe from the digestion of plant flavonoids, is beneficial during influenza. DAT enters the bloodstream and triggers type I interferon signaling, which then augments antiviral responses by phagocytic cells. Without DAT, influenza virus causes inflammation and severe disease. Science, this issue p. 498 A dietary plant flavonoid derivative, metabolized by Clostridium orbiscindens in the gut, mediates protective responses to influenza in mice. The microbiota is known to modulate the host response to influenza infection through as-yet-unclear mechanisms. We hypothesized that components of the microbiota exert effects through type I interferon (IFN), a hypothesis supported by analysis of influenza in a gain-of-function genetic mouse model. Here we show that a microbially associated metabolite, desaminotyrosine (DAT), protects from influenza through augmentation of type I IFN signaling and diminution of lung immunopathology. A specific human-associated gut microbe, Clostridium orbiscindens, produced DAT and rescued antibiotic-treated influenza-infected mice. DAT protected the host by priming the amplification loop of type I IFN signaling. These findings show that specific components of the enteric microbiota have distal effects on responses to lethal infections through modulation of type I IFN.
Single stage threshold logic

This paper discusses properties of an often encountered class of switching functions: those whose outputs are determined by the sign of a linear combination of numerical equivalents of the inputs, i.e., a weighted summation followed by a threshold discrimination. Any function can be realized by a network of such devices; those functions realized in Just one stage we call realizable. A general property of realizable function, complete monotonicity, is derived and split into useful special properties, k-monotonicities. Several theorems develop these concepts further, l-monotonicity is shown equivalent to the idea of unateness, and two useful properties of 1-monotonic functions are derived. An ordering of the variables of a 2-monotonic function is defined and shown equivalent to the numerical ordering of the weighting coefficients in any realization of the function. An effective test for checking the order by inspection is established. Examples include a function of E. F. Moore, which demonstrates that a completely monotonic function needn't be realizable. A canonical Boolean form for realizable functions, with an effective procedure for enumerating all realizable functions, is developed. Test-synthesis algorithms for completely- and incompletely-specified functions are given, generalizing from R. McNaughton's treatment. The number of realizable functions of n arguments is shown not to exceed 2 Sigma 0n (2n-1 i).