Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of the microgap between implant and abutment: a retrospective histologic evaluation in monkeys.

BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that a certain width of the peri-implant mucosa is required to enable a proper epithelial-connective tissue attachment and, if this soft tissue dimension is not adequate, bone resorption will occur to ensure the establishment of attachment with an appropriate biological width. The reason for the accelerated bone loss around submerged 2-piece implants in the first year after the restoration is not known, but one possibility is that the gap between components plays a role in this process. Recent studies have shown that for all 2-part implants, the bone crest level changes appeared dependent on the location of the microgap. METHODS The aim of the present study was a retrospective histologic evaluation in monkeys of the bone response to implants inserted 1 to 2 mm above the alveolar crest (group 1, 15 implants), at the level of the alveolar crest (group 2, 12 implants), or 1 to 1.5 mm below the alveolar crest (group 3, 13 implants). These implants had been early loaded, immediately loaded, and inserted immediately postextraction. RESULTS In group 1, a 0.13 +/- 0.12 mm bone increase in a coronal direction was seen. In group 2, a 2.1 +/- 0.29 mm vertical bone loss was present. In group 3, a mean 3.6 +/- 0.46 mm vertical bone loss extending in an apical direction was observed. Statistically significant differences were observed between all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm data published previously that if the microgap was moved coronally away from the alveolar crest, less bone loss would occur and if the microgap was moved apical to the alveolar crest, greater amounts of bone resorption were present. This remodeling is not dependent on early and immediate loading of the implants or on immediate postextraction insertion.
Evaluation of an Intervention Designed to Decrease the Rate of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection by Encouraging Decreased Fluoroquinolone Use

Objective. Society for Health Care Epidemiology guidelines recommend decreasing the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in institutions where methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic. We evaluated whether an intervention to limit fluoroquinolone use was associated with a lower rate of nosocomial MRSA infection and summarized changes in antibiotic use, changes in other variables potentially correlated with a lower rate of MRSA infection, and rates of nosocomial infections due to other pathogens. Design. Single-center quasi-experimental design. A time series of nosocomial MRSA infections was measured at monthly intervals from July 2001 through June of 2004; there were 80 MRSA infections recorded. Segmented regression analysis (ie, quasi-Poisson generalized linear models) was used to evaluate variables possibly associated with the nosocomial MRSA infection rate. Setting. An 87-bed Veterans Affairs teaching hospital with an extended-care facility. Intervention. A physician-directed computer-generated intervention designed to limit the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics was initiated, and institutional changes in antibiotic use and nosocomial MRSA infection rates were tracked. Results. After the intervention, fluoroquinolone use decreased by approximately 34%, and levofloxacin use decreased by approximately 50%. Decreased fluoroquinolone use was offset by increased cephalosporin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use. The nosocomial MRSA infection rate decreased from 1.37 to 0.63 episodes per 1,000 patient-days after the study intervention (P = .02). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus infection rates also decreased. However, the rate of infection with gram-negative organisms increased. The rate of MRSA infection was positively correlated with levofloxacin use (P = .01) and azithromycin use (P = .08), whereas it was negatively correlated with summer season (P = .05). In a subsequent model, the rate of MRSA infection was negatively correlated with the study intervention (P = .04). Conclusion. Reduction in the institutional use of fluoroquinolones may be associated with a lower nosocomial MRSA infection rate.
Phylogenetic taxonomy of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis based on isoenzymatic study of 137 isolates

Biochemical characterization of 137 Leishmania braziliensis isolates from South and Central America, and from selected endemic foci in Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia, performed by isoenzymatic electrophoresis using 10 enzymatic systems, showed a high enzymatic polymorphism (44 zymodemes obtained) based on the variation of a small number of enzymes. Cladistic analysis showed close links between the zymodemes within the L. braziliensis s.s. cluster. The position of 2 Colombian zymodemes obtained (MON*204 and MON*205) justify the inclusion of L. peruviana within the L. braziliensis cluster.
Wolbachia–induced ‘hybrid breakdown’ in the two–fspotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch

The most common post–zygotic isolation mechanism between populations of the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae is ‘hybrid breakdown’, i.e. when individuals from two different populations are crossed, F1 hybrid females are produced, but F2 recombinant male offspring suffer increased mortality. Two spotted spider mites collected from two populations, one on rose and the other on cucumber plants, were infected with Wolbachia bacteria. These bacteria may induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in their hosts: uninfected (U) females become reproductively incompatible with infected (W) males. We report on the effect of Wolbachia infections in intra–and interstrain crosses on (i) F1 mortality and sex ratios (a test for cytoplasmic incompatibility), and (ii) the number of haploid offspring and mortality in clutches of F1 virgins (a test for hybrid breakdown). U x W crosses within the rose strain exhibited partial cytoplasmic incompatibility. More interestingly, F2 males suffered increased mortality, a result identical to the hybrid breakdown phenomenon. The experiments were repeated using females from the cucumber strain. In interstrain U x W and U x U crosses, hybrid breakdown was much stronger in the former (80 versus 26%). This is the first report of a Wolbachia infection causing a hybrid breakdown phenotype. Our results show that Wolbachia infections can contribute to reproductive incompatibility between populations of T.urticae.
Reciprocal electromechanical properties of rat prestin: The motor molecule from rat outer hair cells

Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are responsible for the exquisite sensitivity, dynamic range, and frequency-resolving capacity of the mammalian hearing organ. These unique cells respond to an electrical stimulus with a cycle-by-cycle change in cell length that is mediated by molecular motors in the cells' basolateral membrane. Recent work identified prestin, a protein with similarity to pendrin-related anion transporters, as the OHC motor molecule. Here we show that heterologously expressed prestin from rat OHCs (rprestin) exhibits reciprocal electromechanical properties as known for the OHC motor protein. Upon electrical stimulation in the microchamber configuration, rprestin generates mechanical force with constant amplitude and phase up to a stimulus frequency of at least 20 kHz. Mechanical stimulation of rprestin in excised outside-out patches shifts the voltage dependence of the nonlinear capacitance characterizing the electrical properties of the molecule. The results indicate that rprestin is a molecular motor that displays reciprocal electromechanical properties over the entire frequency range relevant for mammalian hearing.
Inhaled Anesthetics Have Hyperalgesic Effects at 0.1 Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration

We investigated the hyperalgesic (antianalgesic) effect of the inhaled anesthetics isoflurane, halothane, nitrous oxide, and diethyl ether, or the nonimmobilizer 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane at subanesthetic partial pressures (or, for the nonimmobilizer, subanesthetic partial pressures predicted from lipid solubility) in rats. Hyperalgesia was assessed as a decrease in the time to withdrawal of a rat hind paw exposed to heat. All four anesthetics, including nitrous oxide and diethyl ether, produced hyperalgesia at low partial pressures, with a maximal effect at 0.1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) required to prevent response to movement in 50% of animals, and analgesia (an increased time to withdrawal of the hind paw) at 0.4 to 0.8 MAC. The nonimmobilizer had neither analgesic nor hyperalgesia effects. We propose that inhaled anesthetics with a higher MAC-Awake (the MAC-fraction that suppresses appropriate responsiveness to command), such as nitrous oxide and diethyl ether, can be used as analgesics because patients are conscious at higher anesthetic partial pressures, including those which have analgesic effects, whereas anesthetics with a lower MAC-Awake do not produce analgesic effects at concentrations that permit consciousness. Implications The inhaled anesthetics isoflurane, halothane, nitrous oxide, and diethyl ether produce antianalgesia at subanesthetic concentrations, with a maximal effect at approximately one-tenth the concentration required for anesthesia. This effect may enhance perception of pain when such small concentrations are reached during recovery from anesthesia.
The effect of parity on expenditures for individuals with severe mental illness.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether comprehensive behavioral health parity leads to changes in expenditures for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), who are likely to be in greatest need for services that could be outside of health plans' traditional limitations on behavioral health care. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING We studied the effects of a comprehensive parity law enacted by Oregon in 2007. Using claims data, we compared expenditures for individuals in four Oregon commercial plans from 2005 through 2008 to a group of commercially insured individuals in Oregon who were exempt from parity. STUDY DESIGN We used difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences analyses to estimate changes in spending, and quantile regression methods to assess changes in the distribution of expenditures associated with parity. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Among 2,195 individuals with SMI, parity was associated with increased expenditures for behavioral health services of $333 (95 percent CI $67, $615), without corresponding increases in out-of-pocket spending. The increase in expenditures was primarily attributable to shifts in the right tail of the distribution. CONCLUSIONS Oregon's parity law led to higher average expenditures for individuals with SMI. Parity may allow individuals with high mental health needs to receive services that may have been limited without parity regulations.
Role of New Diagnosis, Social Isolation, and Depression in Older Adults' Smoking Cessation.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Though older adults smoke at a lower rate than younger adults, cessation can be difficult, especially after years of smoking. This paper examined the influence of a diagnosis of chronic illness, social isolation, and depression on smoking cessation among the most recent cohort of older smokers who were representative of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from the 2011 (T1) and 2012 (T2) interview waves of the U.S. National Health and Aging Trends Study. Multivariate regression models examined correlates of T1 smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker; n = 6,680) and predictors of T2 smoking status among T1 smokers (quit smoking vs. continued smoking; n = 412). RESULTS At T1, 8.8%, 44.7%, and 46.5% of the sample, respectively, were current, former, and never smokers. Current smokers had lower socioeconomic status, were more socially isolated, and had higher depressive symptoms than never smokers. At T2, 88.9% of T1 smokers continued smoking and 11.1% no longer smoked. The odds of smoking cessation increased with a new diagnosis of chronic illness since T1 and decreased with a higher number of cigarettes smoked at T1. Social isolation at T1 increased the odds of smoking cessation, but depressive symptoms at T1 were not a significant factor. IMPLICATIONS Heavy-smoking older adults may require extended pharmachotherapy and counseling. As newly diagnosed health problems can be a trigger for smoking cessation, health care providers can motivate and help older adults quit (or reduce) smoking as an integral part of their practices.
Biotic and abiotic influences on native and exotic richness relationship across spatial scales: favourable environments for native species are highly invasible

Summary 1. Biological invasions threaten biodiversity, and understanding the factors that influence a community’s susceptibility to invasion informs both management of invasive species and conservation efforts towards promoting biodiversity. 2. In this study, we examined the native‐exotic richness relationships (NERR) at two spatial scales and asked what variables mediate the relationship between native and exotic species richness in 1-m 2 plots among old fields. We also tested whether the favourable environment and spatial heterogeneity mechanisms alter the relationship between native and exotic richness. Additionally, we identified biotic, abiotic and landscape factors that accounted for patterns of exotic species richness across spatial scales, from 50-m transects (i.e. local scales) to entire old fields (i.e. landscape scales). 3. We found that native and exotic richness were positively related at both local and landscape spatial scales, with the strength of their relationship greater at the landscape scale. In old-field communities with lower foliar cover, native and exotic plant richness were negatively related across 1-m 2 plots, whereas in old fields with higher foliar cover, native and exotic plant richness were positively related across 1-m 2 plots. Overall, predictors of exotic species richness depended on spatial scale: at local scales, native plant richness, light and landscape factors accounted for most of the variation, but biotic factors alone accounted for most of the variation at the landscape scale. 4. Our findings suggest that fields favourable for native species are also suitable for exotic species, and management efforts towards exotic richness should be tailored to spatial scale.
Separation and characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early mRNA's

Polyadenylated immediate-early transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1, made in BHK cells infected and maintained in the presence of cycloheximide, have been separated on denaturing agarose gels containing methyl mercuric hydroxide. Three virus-specific mRNA bands of estimated sizes 4.7, 3.0, and 2.0 kilobases (kb) were detected, and these mRNA's were mapped on the virus genome and also used to direct protein synthesis in vitro. The 4.7- and 3.0-kb mRNA's hybridized predominantly to certain DNA fragments which are located in the short and long repetitive regions of the genome, respectively, whereas the 2.0-kb mRNA's mapped to three discrete regions of the virus DNA. In vitro translation of these separated mRNA size classes indicated that the 3.0-kb mRNA specified the synthesis of virus polypeptide Vmw 110, whereas the 2.0-kb mRNA's specified Vmw 68, 63, and 12. The synthesis of small amounts of Vmw 175 was specified by the 4.7-kb mRNA. In contrast with the mRNA's which specify these other immediate-early polypeptides, that specifying Vmw 12 is much larger than required for its coding sequences.
No Decrease in Susceptibility to NVC-422 in Multiple-Passage Studies with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Twenty-five serial passages of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus and 50 passages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resulted in no significant increase in NVC-422 MICs, while ciprofloxacin MICs increased 256-fold for E. coli and 32-fold for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Mupirocin, fusidic acid, and retapamulin MICs for MRSA increased 64-, 256-, and 16-fold, respectively. No cross-resistance to NVC-422 was observed with mupirocin-, fusidic acid-, and retapamulin-resistant strains.
Vessel contents during transpiration - embolisms and refilling.

A test was made of the previous unexpected observation that embolized vessels were refilled during active transpiration. The contents of individual vessels in petioles of sunflower plants were examined, after snap-freezing at 2-h intervals during a day's transpiration, in the cryo-scanning electron microscope, and assessed for the presence of liquid or gas (embolism) contents. Concurrent measurements were made of irradiance, leaf temperature, transpiration rate, and leaf water potential (by pressure chamber). Up to 40% of the vessels were already embolized by 0900 (transpiration rate ~5 _g_cm-2_s-1, water potential about -300 J/kg), and the proportion declined to a minimum (as low as 4%) at 1500. This was the time of highest transpiration rate (~25 _g_cm-2_s-1) and most negative water potential (-600 to -700 J/kg). Images of vessels with mixed gas and liquid contents showed water being extruded through pits in the walls of the vessels to refill them. The data indicate that: (1) the water columns are weak and break under quite small tensions; (2) embolisms are repaired by refilling the vessels with water on a short time scale (minutes) throughout the day; (3) the vigor of this refilling process is adjusted by the plant on a longer time scale (hours) to the intensity of the water stress; (4) the pressure chamber balance pressure (P) does not measure tension in the vessels; (5) P is also not a measure of water stress (as measured by vessel embolization); and (6) P is a measure of the plant's response to water stress, i.e., a measure of the vigor of the refilling process. The test confirms the previous observations and negates all the assumptions and evidences of the Cohesion Theory. The data are fully consistent with the Compensating Pressure Theory, which predicted the relations demonstrated in this experiment. Using the assumptions of that theory it is easy to outline a simple mechanism by which the refilling of vessels might be achieved by reverse osmosis, and the adjustment in (3) might be achieved by osmoregulation in the starch sheath.
Capital Relations and Health: Mediating and Moderating Effects of Cultural, Economic, and Social Capitals on Mortality in Alameda County, California

Inspired by Bourdieu's theories on various forms of capital, conversions among them, and the fields (social spaces) delineated by possession of them, the authors investigate distinct and interconnected effects of cultural, economic, and social capitals on risk of mortality. Using 35 years of longitudinal data from the Alameda County Study (n = 6,157), they created discrete-time hazard models to predict all-cause mortality from educational attainment (institutionalized cultural capital), household income (economic capital), and different forms of personal ties (social capital). The results show that education, income, having three or more close friends, regularity of church attendance, and participation in social/recreational groups were all negatively and significantly associated with risk of mortality. Income mediated a significant portion of the education effect. None of the personal ties variables mediated the effects of education or income. Relative composition of the sum total of education and income did not have an effect. Lastly, examination of statistical interactions between capitals determined that protective effects of church attendance and participation in community betterment groups applied only to non-wealthy people. These findings speak to the structure of the U.S. social space within which health-delimiting relationally defined social classes may be made manifest.
Critique of the link approach to exact lattice supersymmetry

Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University(Dated: February 1, 2008)We examine the link approach to constructing a lattice theory of N = 2 super Yang Mills theoryin two dimensions. The goal of this construction is to provide a discretization of the continuumtheory which preserves all supersymmetries at non-zero lattice spacing. We show that this approachsuﬀers from an inconsistency and argue that a maximum of just one of the supersymmetries can beimplemented on the lattice.
Help me make a dinner! Challenges when assisting humans in action planning

—A promising ﬁeld of application for cognitive technical systems is individualised user assistance for complex tasks. Here, a companion system usually uses an AI planner to solve the underlying combinatorial problem. Often, the use of a bare black-box planning system is not sufﬁcient to provide individualised assistance, but instead the user has to be able to control the process that generates the presented advice. Such an integration guarantees that the user will be satisﬁed with the assistance s/he is given, trust the advice more, and is thus more likely to follow it. In this paper, we provide a general theoretical view on this process, called mixed-initiative planning, and derive several research challenges from it.
Autonomous vehicles: Pedestrian heaven or pedestrian hell?; 17th Swiss Transport Research Conference (STRC 2017)

Autonomous vehicles are an emerging technology that will play a significant role in shaping transport systems in the decades to come. Consequently, implications are anticipated for societal issues ranging from transport safety to congestion, from energy consumption to the allocation of public and private lands. Driverless technology will undoubtedly influence other transport modes, too. With this in mind, the implications for pedestrians have hardly been researched. If the in- troduction of driverless cars could ultimately result in the disappearance of on-street parking spaces and in crossing streets without so much as glancing towards approaching cars, this could potentially mean that walking becomes much more attractive. At the same time, one could imagine the opposite outcome if society decides that the ability of being picked up and dropped off at any front door or location imaginable renders walking as a state-supported transport mode superfluous. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of autonomous vehicles on pedestrian transport in all its aspects, including the range of possible outcomes, interdependencies, and opposing effects. With the state-of-the-art of pedestrian transport research as a starting point, how can the needs of pedestrians be taken into consideration when fully autonomous vehicles become ubiquitous in daily life?
Caracterização do transporte de pacientes críticos na modalidade intra-hospitalar

Objective: Characterizing the transport of critically ill patients in an adult intensive care unit. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which 459 intra -hospital transports of critically ill patients were included. Data were collected from clinical records of patients and from a form with the description of the materials and equipment necessary for the procedure, description of adverse events and of the transport team. Results: A total of 459 transports of 262 critically ill patients were carried out, with an average of 51 transports per month. Patients were on ventilatory support (41.3 %) and 34.5 % in use of vasoactive drugs. Adverse events occurred in 9.4% of transports and 77.3 % of the teams were composed of physicians, nurses and nurse technicians. Conclusion: The transport of critically ill patients occurred in the morning period for performing computerized tomographies (CT scans) with patients dependent on mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs. During the transports the equipment was functioning, and the adverse events were attributed to clinical changes of patients.