Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Covering Based Optimistic Multigranular Approximate Rough Equalities and their Properties

Since its inception rough set theory has proved itself to be one of the most important models to capture impreciseness in data. However, it was based upon the notion of equivalence relations, which are relatively rare as far as applicability is concerned. So, the basic rough set model has been extended in many direct ions. One of these extensions is the covering based rough set notion, where a cover is an extension of the concept of partition; a notion which is equivalent to equivalence relation. From the granular computing point of view, all these rough sets are unigranular in character; i.e . they consider only a singular granular structure on the universe. So, there arose the necessity to define multig ranular rough sets and as a consequence two types of mult igranular rough sets, called the optimistic mult igranular rough sets and pessimistic rough sets have been introduced. Four types of covering based optimistic multig ranular rough sets have been introduced and their properties are studied. The notion of equality of sets, which is too stringent for real life applications, was extended by Novotny and Pawlak to define rough equalities. Th is notion was further extended by Tripathy to define three more types of approximate equalities. The covering based optimistic versions of two of these four approximate equalities have been studied by Nagaraju et al recently. In th is article, we study the other two cases and provide a comparative analysis.
Condition monitoring of wind turbines based on cointegration analysis of gearbox and generator temperature data

This paper presents a cointegration-based method for condition monitoring of wind turbines. Analysis of cointegration residuals – obtained from cointegration process of wind turbine data – is used for operational condition monitoring and fault detection. The method has been employed for on-line condition monitoring of a wind turbine drivetrain with a nominal power of 2 MW under varying environmental and operational conditions using only the temperature data of gearbox bearing and generator winding, which were collected by the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. The results show that the proposed method can effectively monitor the wind turbine and reliably detect the gearbox fault.
Recent dynamics of arctic and sub-arctic vegetation

We present a focus issue of Environmental Research Letters on the ‘Recent dynamics of arctic and sub-arctic vegetation’. The focus issue includes three perspective articles (Verbyla 2011 Environ. Res. Lett. 6 041003, Williams et al 2011 Environ. Res. Lett. 6 041004, Loranty and Goetz 2012 Environ. Res. Lett. 7 011005) and 22 research articles. The focus issue arose as a result of heightened interest in the response of high-latitude vegetation to natural and anthropogenic changes in climate and disturbance regimes, and the consequences that these vegetation changes might have for northern ecosystems. A special session at the December 2010 American Geophysical Union Meeting on the ‘Greening of the Arctic’ spurred the call for papers. Many of the resulting articles stem from intensive research efforts stimulated by International Polar Year projects and the growing acknowledgment of ongoing climate change impacts in northern terrestrial ecosystems.
Experimental investigation of cooled turbine cascade withAJVGs

DLR has to submit two deliverables in work package 4. These contain experimental investigations using several measurement techniques applied at a straight turbine cascade. The measurements are divided into two parts. The first deliverable includes measurements with and without cooling. The latter contains measurements with one of the former cooling configurations and air jet vortex generators (AJVG´s), additionally. This deliverable concerns the latter one. The profile contour was designed by RRD and handed over at the beginning of the project. Besides, other partners perform numerical simulations for these flow cases. The measurements are utilized to compare them with the numerical results. The following measurement techniques are applied in this report:  Schlieren technique  Infrared thermography  Wake traverses This report is subdivided in the description of the experimental setup, the metrology and the presentation of the measurements which will be done in the chapter “Results and Discussion. ”
An evaluation of factors relating to students’ fear of crime in Greater Manchester

The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that relate to fear of crime amongst students in Greater Manchester. Although research suggests that students are at high risk of victimisation, student fear of crime is under researched. A quantitative survey incorporating questionnaires, measured student participants fear of crime and precautionary actions and vignettes measured gang perception (N = 168). Data was analysed using correlations, regressions, t-tests and ANOVAs. Results revealed gang perception, precautionary actions, gender and age related to students’ fear of crime and relationships between the variables were found, however, district was not related to students’ fear of crime. Furthermore, results established that gang perception differed depending on the location that the youth groups were observed in and the gender of the youth groups in the scenario. Limitations suggest that the districts may have been too restricted, future research should use a range of districts across Greater Manchester. In order to improve the result’s validity, future researchers should utilise lie scales to test for socially desirable responding. This study extends the knowledge on students’ fear of crime and contributes findings to the under researched literature on gang perception.
Interorganizational Cooperation, Knowledge Sharing, and Technological Eco-Innovation: the Role of Proactive Environmental Strategy - Empirical Evidence from Poland

Although previous research has suggested that interorganizational cooperation and knowledge sharing may affect technological eco-innovation or proactive environmental strategy, there is little understanding of the interconnectedness of these variables. This paper investigates the links between interorganizational cooperation, knowledge sharing, proactive environmental strategy, and technological eco-innovation. In particular, it examines the infl uence of interorganizational cooperation and knowledge sharing on technological eco-innovation and explores these relationships through proactive environmental strategy. A research model has been developed and tested on a sample of 292 fi rms operating in Poland. In order to test the proposed research model and hypotheses, structural equation modeling using partial least squares has been applied. The fi ndings indicate direct effects of interorganizational cooperation and knowledge sharing on proactive environmental strategy. However, the obtained results do not prove that interorganizational cooperation directly affects technological eco-innovation. Nevertheless, the study has shown the signifi cant mediating role of proactive environmental strategy in relationships between interorganizational cooperation, knowledge sharing, and technological eco-innovation. Since proactive environmental strategy powerfully fuels technological eco-innovation and signifi cantly mediates links between interorganizational cooperation, knowledge sharing, and technological eco-innovation, this research proves that it constitutes a unique organizational capability that may improve transformation of knowledge into better environmental and economic performance.
Genetic simulations of population interactions during past human expansions in Europe

Two prehistoric demographic events profoundly affected human species in Europe. The first one is the replacement of Neanderthals by early modern humans from around 45,000 to 30,000 years ago and the second one corresponds to the Neolithic transition around 10,000 years ago. Both events entail to the arrival of new individuals coming from the East and the successive disappearance of pre-existing local people. In both cases the main question is how large was the contribution of pre-existing populations to the genetic pool of contemporary Europeans. In order to answer this question, we developed a new approach allowing the simulation of interactions between two populations (competition, admixture and assimilation) during a colonization phase and the resulting genetic structure of the remaining population. We applied this methodology to both the Neanderthal disappearance and the Neolithic transition by testing many different demographic scenarios. Our results showed that there were probably no genetic exchanges between Neanderthals and modern humans and that they therefore may have constituted two different species. We also showed no genetic evidence for a large replacement of European pre-existing hunter-gatherer populations during the Neolithic transition. Finally we point out the importance of taking in consideration the type of genetic markers used for the analysis as they can reveal very different patterns.
Determinants of Operational Risk Reporting in the Banking Industry

Motivated by the recognition of operational risk management as being crucial for banks and the importance of adequate reporting for enhancing market discipline, the present paper investigates operational risk disclosure practices in the 1998 to 2001 period. Whereas reporting was not mandatory at that time, disclosure increased in both extent and content. Consistent with arguments based on corporate finance theory, empirical evidence indicates that financial institutions with a lower equity/assets ratio and/or profitability ratio give greater importance to disclosing their assessment and management of operational risks whereas those with higher ratios choose a lower disclosure stance.
Ameliorative Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lavandula officinalis L. on Methotrexate-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Background: Methotrexate as a chemotherapy drug can causes chronic liver damage and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis on methotrexate-induced oxidative stress in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, thirty five Wistar male rats weighting 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 7 in each group). Negative control group (normal saline 5ml/kg); positive control group received normal salin orally for 10 days, and a single dose of methotrexate (MTX, 20mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated on the 9th day. Groups 3-5 received respectively 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Lavandula officinalis extract (LOE) orally for 10 days, and a single dose of MTX was injected on the 9th day. 24 h after the last injection, animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected to determine serum AST, ALT and ALP levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were assayed in liver tissue. A portion of liver was maintained in 10% formalin for Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and histological examination. Results: The result obtained from current study was showed a significant increase in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, MDA and decrease of GSH, CAT and SOD by MTX administration. Pre-treatment with LOE showed reduction in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, MDA and increase of GSH, CAT and SOD in all doses but the most significant alteration was observed in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (P<0.05). Histological results showed that methotrexate could lead to liver damage. Also the hepatoprotective effect of the LOE was confirmed by the histological examination of the liver. Conclusion: Our results indicate that hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis have produced amelioration in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters against MTX -induced oxidative stress.
The theory of planned behavior and the realization of fertility intentions

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the determinant elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior and realization of fertility intentions. We focus on the time-frame of people’s fertility intentions and ask whether a different time-frame of the intention leads to different outcomes. We combine data from the Norwegian Generations and Gender Survey (2007) with information from administrative registers, meaning that we have longitudinal birth histories after the survey for the entire original sample. Preliminary results suggest that parents realize their fertility intentions more often then childless, regardless of the time-frame of their intention. Childless with a short-term fertility intention have a higher hazard ratio for becoming a parent compared to those with a long-term intention. In line with the Theory of Planned Behavior, attitudes, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms affect on the time-frame of fertility intentions, but not the realization of the fertility intentions.
Effect of thyme extract on hematological factors and performance of broiler chickens

The prophylactic use of antibiotics in broiler feeds enhances growth rate and improved feed conversion ratio in poultry industry. In the European Union, the use of antibiotics for broilers has been limited to only antibiotics that are not used in human medicine. Therefore, in the last few years, uses of medicinal plants (essential oils) have been increased that because of their antimicrobial activity. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the addition of different levels of thyme, added to drinking water, on some hematological factors and Body weight gain (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed intake and mortality rate. Two hundred and forty, day-old broiler chicks (Ross-308) were divided into four equal groups (each group include 3 repetition). Experiment was as follow; a control group with no thyme and in other two groups, thyme extract was used 500 ppm and 1000 ppm and in last group feed was pellet and thyme was not used. Experiments were carried out for 42 days and thyme extract was used from day 7 to 42. Results showed that chicks fed with 1000 ppm thyme extract had significantly lower (p<0.05) feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate followed by chicks fed with 500 ppm thyme extract and pellet group compared with control group, which showed the lowest performance. The highest BW was in pellet and 1000 ppm thyme group that was significantly different (p<0.05) from two other groups. Moreover, the chicks that get 500 and 1000 ppm thyme in drinking water had decreased (p<0.05) heterophils to lymphocyte ratio, this results showed that, increase of total bacterial count in other groups cause increase in heterophil numbers and due to that the heterophils to lymphocyte ratio increased in other groups and the highest increase was in pellet group which because of bacterial growth stress in that group. In conclusion, thyme extract could be considered as a potential natural growth promoter and have the advantage of inhibiting the growth of potential pathogens for poultry at the level of 1000 ppm.
Prevalence and significance of thrombophilia markers in adverse pregnancy outcome

Background: Thrombophilia complicates the pregnancy by interfering the physiology of utero-placental circulation which in turn leads to IUGR, IUD, PIH, RPL, abruption placentae. This study is to find out the prevalence and significance of different thrombophilia markers in cases of adverse pregnancy outcome in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: 54 antenatal women are selected from the cases presented with or previous history of PIH, IUGR, IUD, Abruption or early/late abortion. A thorough family history, history of risk factors, clinical examination were noted. Platelet count, prothrombin time(PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasma fibrinogen, factor-VIII assay, LA, ACLA, protein- C, protein- S, TORCH, thyroid profile, blood sugar, USG is done in all patients at the time of first registration. 50 antenatal females without any bad obstetric history was taken as controls. Results: Among 54 cases, 64.8% cases were positive for thrombophilia markers, whereas 6% control had presence of thrombophilia markers. 6.5% thrombophilia positive cases had ≥3 markers present and had ≥2 manifestations of adverse pregnancy outcome in 100% cases. Prevalence of different thrombophilia markers are studied in individual case and association to various outcomes were noted. Conclusions: There was high prevalence of thrombophilia markers in the cases with adverse pregnancy outcome. As treatment was found significantly effective in literature, screening of these markers should be done in patients with bad obstetric history.
Testing the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis for India: An Econometric Analysis

Since 1991 India witnessed rapid rise in exports and robust economic growth. It is widely believed that the rapid economic growth of India over the last two decades is mainly due to the expansion of her exports. It is against this backdrop that the present paper attempts to reinvestigate the issue of ‘exports-economic growth nexus’ in the context of India. The paper aims at examining the dynamics of short term linkages and long term equilibrium relationship between export and economic growth and captures the linear interdependencies among the select variables. The study investigates the causal relationship between Export (Ex) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over the period 1970-2013 using annual data. The study has employed certain econometric tools to analyse the behaviour of both the series. Unit root test has been applied to test for stationarity of time series data. Johansen’s co-integration test reveals that Export and GDP are co-integrated and, thus, a long-run equilibrium relationship exists between them. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) has shown that the lagged (1) terms of both Export and GDP influence each other in the determination of their current value. The Granger causality test exhibits the presence of short run relationship between Export and GDP and the relationship appears to be unidirectional. The causality runs from Export to GDP, indicating, high export drives economic growth. Thus, the study provides adequate empirical evidences to accept the export-led economic growth hypothesis for India. Findings of the study have significant policy implications. Keywords: Export-led Growth, Causality, Cointegration, VECM, India
Contingency Contracting and Operant Behavior Change: An Exercise in Applied Behavior Analysis.

Until recently, the use of contingency contracting has been largely an issue of theory and discussion with little experimental research evidence gathered to support efficacy. Two major reasons for this problem are suggested and discussed: (1) the concept of contingency contracting has not been adequately defined nor its minimal requirements delineated in terms of an applied behavior analysis; (2) the applications of contingency contracting have not been clearly distinguished from other types of contingency management procedures. This paper resolves the above problems by presenting a set of definitive requirements of contingency contracting from an operant point of view. Accordingly, it focuses attention on the importance of both the discovery and control of relevant consequences of adult behaviors in their natural settings and the reliable measurement of those behaviors. Fin%Lly, the paper draws attention to the special characteristics of this technique which distinguish its applications from other types of contingency management procedures. (Author) CONTINGENCY CONTRACTING AND OPERANT BEHAVIOR CHANGE: AN EXERCISE IN APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
Long-term survival of surface water ice on comet 67P

Numerous water-ice-rich deposits surviving more than several months on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko were observed during the Rosetta mission. We announce the first-time detection of water-ice features surviving up to 2 yr since their first observation via OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System) NAC (narrow angle camera). Their existence on the nucleus of comet 67P at the arrival of the Rosetta spacecraft suggests that they were exposed to the surface during the comet’s previous orbit. We investigated the temporal variation of large water-ice patches to understand the long-term sustainability of water ice on cometary nuclei on time-scales of months and years. Large clusters are stable over typical periods of 0.5 yr and reduce their size significantly around the comet’s perihelion passage, while small exposures disappear. We characterized the temporal variation of their multispectral signatures. In large clusters, dust jets were detected, whereas in large isolated ones no associated activity was detected. Our thermal analysis shows that the long-term sustainability of water-ice-rich features can be explained by the scarce energy input available at their locations over the first half year. However, the situation reverses for the period lasting several months around perihelion passage. Our two end-member mixing analysis estimates a pure water-ice equivalent thickness up to 15 cm within one isolated patch, and up to 2 m for the one still observable through the end of the mission. Our spectral modelling estimates up to 48 per cent water-ice content for one of the large isolated feature, and up to 25 per cent water ice on the large boulders located within clusters.
Global adjoint tomography: first-generation model

We present the first-generation global tomographic model constructed based on adjoint tomography, an iterative full-waveform inversion technique. Synthetic seismograms were calculated using GPU-accelerated spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation, accommodating effects due to 3D anelastic crust & mantle structure, topography & bathymetry, the ocean load, ellipticity, rotation, and self-gravitation. Frechet derivatives were calculated in 3D anelastic models based on an adjoint-state method. The simulations were performed on the Cray XK7 named ‘Titan’, a computer with 18,688 GPU accelerators housed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The transversely isotropic global model is the result of 15 tomographic iterations, which systematically reduced differences between observed and simulated three-component seismograms. Our starting model combined 3D mantle model S362ANI (Kustowski et al. 2008) with 3D crustal model Crust2.0 (Bassin et al. 2000). We simultaneously inverted for structure in the crust and mantle, thereby eliminating the need for widely used ‘crustal corrections’. We used data from 253 earthquakes in the magnitude range 5.8~ ≤ ~Mw~ ≤ ~7.0. For the first 12 iterations, we combined ∼30 s body-wave data with ∼60 s surface-wave data. The shortest period of the surface waves was gradually decreased, and in the last three iterations we combined ∼17 s body waves with ∼45 s surface waves. We started using 180 min-long seismograms after the 12th iteration and assimilated minor- and major-arc body and surface waves. The 15th iteration model features enhancements of well-known slabs, an enhanced image of the Samoa/Tahiti plume, as well as various other plumes and hotspots, such as Caroline, Galapagos, Yellowstone, and Erebus. Furthermore, we see clear improvements in slab resolution along the Hellenic and Japan Arcs, as well as subduction along the East of Scotia Plate, which does not exist in the starting model. Point-spread function tests demonstrate that we are approaching the resolution of continental-scale studies in some areas, for example underneath Yellowstone. This is a consequence of our multi-scale smoothing strategy, in which we define our smoothing operator as a function of the approximate Hessian kernel, thereby smoothing gradients less wherever we have good ray coverage, such as underneath North America.