Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization Of Flowstructures At The Front Of Cylindrical Gravity Current Fronts.

Three dimensional direct numerical simulations are presented for cylindrical density currents using the Boussinesq approximation for small density difference. Three Reynolds numbers (Re) are investigated (895, 3450 and 8950, this particular choice corresponds to values of Grashof number of 105, 1:5 _ 106 and 107, respectively) in order to identify differences in the _ow structure and dynamics, and to compare with planar density currents. The simulations are performed using a fully de-aliased pseudospectral method. The simulated _ows present the main features observed in experiments for the large Re. As the current develops, it transitions through different phases of spreading, namely acceleration, slumping, inertial and viscous. Soon after release the interface between light and heavy _uids rolls up forming Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices. The formation of the _rst vortex sets the transition between acceleration and slumping phases. Vortex formation continues only during the slumping phase. The coherent Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices undergo azimuthal instabilities and eventually breakdown into small scale turbulence. In the case of planar currents this turbulent region extends over the entire body of the current, while in the cylindrical case it only extends to the near-front region. The _ow develops threedimensionality right from the initial acceleration phase. During this phase, incipient lobes and clefts start to form at the lower frontal region. These instabilities grow in size and extend to the upper part of the front. Lobes and clefts continuously merge and split and, thus result in a complex pattern that dynamically evolves. The wavelength of the lobes grows as the _ow spreads, while the local Reynolds number of the _ow decreases. Due to the high resolution of the simulations, we have been able to link the lobe and cleft structure to local _ow patterns and vortical structures. In the near front region and body of the current several hairpin vortices populate the _ow. Laboratory experiments have been performed at the higher Reynolds numbers and the results have been compared to the simulation results. The agreement has been documented to be very good.
How Bayesian Probability Might Help Provide a Realist Interpretation of the Quantum Formalism

We offer a realist interpretation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics in which dynamical properties are properly possessed by the system in question, and are supposed to have definite values at any time. Like the QBists, we employ Bayesian probability, but we adopt something closer to the Bayesian statistics of E. T. Jaynes than to the subjective Bayesian statistics of B. de Fenetti employed by the QBists. Accordingly, we view calculated Bayesian probabilities as rational degrees of expectation of dynamical property values rather than as personal degrees of expectation of future (measurement) experiences. Probabilities are, for us, based on knowledge of the value of some dynamical property of the system, not on knowledge of previous experiences unassociated with system dynamical properties. As some Bayesians might, we take a probability equal to 1 not generally to indicate certainty but only (full) expectation; and we disallow probabilities of conjunctions of propositions claiming incompatible properties. Then, by reinterpreting and adding a little to the quantum formalism, we argue that we can maintain the advantages of the QBist interpretation. So, for us (as for the QBists), there is no unexplained collapse of the wave function, no need for ‘spooky action at a distance’, and no problem raised by the double slit experiment, the Kochen-Specker paradox or Bell type theorems. By holding on to a realist perspective, modelling (of ideal measurements, of system preparation processes etc.) is possible, and we can claim certain dynamical laws of quantum mechanics without leading to contradiction.
Stepping Out of the Ivory Tower for Ocean Literacy

The Ocean Literacy movement is predominantly driven forward by scientists and educators working in subject areas associated with ocean science. While some in the scientific community have heeded the responsibility to communicate with the general public to increase scientific literacy, reaching and engaging with diverse audiences remains a challenge. Many academic institutions, research centers, and individual scientists use Social Network Sites (SNS) like Twitter to not only promote conferences, journal publications, and scientific reports, but to disseminate resources and information that have the potential to increase the scientific literacy of diverse audiences. As more people turn to social media for news and information, SNSs like Twitter have a great potential to increase ocean literacy, so long as disseminators understand the best practices and limitations of SNS communication. This study analyzed the Twitter account of MaREI – Ireland’s Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy – coordinated by University College Cork Ireland, as a case study. We looked specifically at posts related to ocean literacy to determine what types of audiences are being engaged and what factors need to be considered to increase engagement with intended audiences. Two main findings are presented in this paper. First, we present overall user retweet frequency as a function of post characteristics, highlighting features significant in influencing users’ retweet behaviour. Second, we separate users into two types – INREACH and OUTREACH – and identify post characteristics that are statistically relevant in increasing the probability of engaging with an OUTREACH user. The results of this study provide novel insight into the ways in which science-based Twitter users can better use the platform as a vector for science communication and outreach.
Electrical conductivity and tortuosity of solid foam: Effect of pore connections.

Numerical and analytical methods at both micro- and mesoscales are used to study how the electrical resistivity and the high-frequency tortuosity of solid foam are modified by the presence of membranes that partially or totally close the cell windows connecting neighbor pores. Finite-element-method simulations are performed on two pores connected by a single-holed membrane and on well-ordered Kelvin foam. For two pores connected by a single-holed membrane, we show that the equation for pore access resistance obtained by Sahu and Zwolak [Phys. Rev. E 98, 012404 (2018)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.98. 012404] can predict, after a few modifications, the electrical resistivity at the membrane scale for a large range of membrane apertures. Considering these analytical results, we build a pore-network model by using two kinds of conductances at the pore scale: interpore conductance and intrapore conductance. Local interpore resistances govern foam electrical conductivity at small membrane aperture size, but when the membrane aperture has the same order of magnitude as the pore size, the intrapore resistances are no longer negligible. An important success of this pore-network model is that it can be used to study the effects of percolation on the foam electrical conductivity by using pore-network simulations on larger samples containing a few thousand pores and having different proportions of closed membrane randomly distributed over the sample. The tortuosity is found to be drastically larger than one in foam containing membranes with small apertures or a significant fraction of closed membranes.
Feature Selection Guideline for Presence/Absence Classification Using a Microwave Doppler Sensor

Aging is a serious issue in our global society. In particular, a smaller working population increases the burden on nurses and other healthcare professionals. To reduce the monitoring burden on nursing, a system that enables quantitative monitoring of the elderly automatically in their home is very desirable. We have proposed a novel system to classify the presence or absence of a subject within a designated area using a single microwave Doppler sensor. The proposed system utilizes the respirational signal obtained from the sensor and then classified using an SVM. In this paper, we discuss feature components that would positively or negatively affect the performance of the system. The experimental results show that the combination of a demodulated time domain feature and frequency domain features affect positively to the accuracy of the system.
Estudo da capacidade adsortiva da biomassa de palma forrageira (Opuntia tuna Mill) como adsorvente para remoção de contaminantes orgânicos em corpos d'água

A industria de petroleo lida diariamente com problemas devido a vazamentos, derrames e acidentes durante o refino, transporte e operacoes de armazenamento do petroleo e seus derivados. Em caso de derramamento de combustiveis os principais contaminantes que possuem a capacidade de impactar o meio ambiente, sao os compostos do grupo BTEX (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos), sendo considerados altamente nocivos para o homem. A busca por novas tecnologias para o tratamento de efluentes contaminados por compostos derivados do petroleotem crescido consideravelmente. Dentre os processos empregados para a descontaminacao destes efluentes, encontra-se o processo de adsorcao, que utilizabiomassas como adsorventese tem se mostrado bastante eficiente. O presente trabalho tem o intuito de avaliar a capacidade da palma forrageira (Opuntia tuna Mill), seca ao natural, como adsorvente de compostos orgânicos em corpos d’agua, por meio de experimentos de cinetica de adsorcao e obtencao das isotermas de equilibrio, aplicando aos dados obtidos o modelo matematico de Langmuir. O efluente contaminado utilizado neste trabalho foi simulado em laboratorio, obtendo uma mistura de gasolina/agua/biomassa, com a realizacao de experimentos utilizando a mesa agitadora a uma agitacao de 130 rpm. Foram utilizados tempos com faixa de variacao de 5 a 60 minutos e concentracoes com variacao de 5 a 60% de contaminante. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se bastante satisfatorios, indicando que na cinetica, a taxa de adsorcao foi rapida, sendo que os melhores resultados da adsorcao da gasolina foram obtidos no tempo de 10 minutos. Com relacao ao equilibrio de adsorcao, o modelo de Langmuir ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais obtidos para a biomassa utilizada, sendo a capacidade maxima de adsorcao da gasolina de aproximadamente 5,5 g por grama de biomassa de palma. Os resultados confirmaram que, para os estudos de adsorcao da gasolina utilizando a palma “in natura”, seca ao natural, esta biomassa surge como um promissor adsorvente para esse tipo de efluente.
Comparison of First-Come First-Served and Optimization Based Scheduling Algorithms for Integrated Departure and Arrival Management

Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are investigating scheduling algorithms that will be a part of an integrated arrival and departure management system. Inha University, one of the Korean collaborators of KARI, developed an Extended First-Come First-Served (EFCFS) algorithm that is robust and efficient. However, since the EFCFS algorithm sequentially computes the schedule based on priority, the end results may not be optimal for system efficiency. The approach based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) originally developed by NASA and modified by KARI is known to produce better schedules at the expense of computational cost. In this paper, the two different scheduling approaches are compared using common traffic scenarios and constraints at Incheon International Airport. Capabilities to apply weight class based wake turbulence runway separation minima and Miles-in-Trail (MIT) restrictions at selected meter fixes are added to the previously developed EFCFS scheduler. Based on historic data, 40 departures and 20 arrivals are chosen in a one-hour period and 100 scenarios were created by randomly assigning gate numbers, gate departure times, and runway landing times. With the current runway separation requirements, MILP resulted in about ten to twenty percent smaller average delays depending on the constraints. With artificially increased separation minima, the difference between MILP and EFCFS became more noticeable. However, the EFCFS was about ten times faster with smaller variations among different scenarios and constraints. The comparison suggests that the MILP-based algorithm has a small advantage at the current traffic level; however, has potential to be more effective in higher demand or severe weather situations. The EFCFS algorithm may be better suited for real-time applications or investigating larger scale scheduling problems.
How scholars use academic social networking services

The purpose of this study is to investigate how scholars use academic social networking services (ASNSs). The study was designed in a qualitative research methodology. The data of the study were collected by a questionnaire developed by the researchers and inductive content analysis was applied to the data. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of open-ended questions, multiple response items along with demographics. The participants of the study were 95 scholars from 34 different universities and 29 different departments in Turkey. According to the findings, although ASNSs are widely used, the majority of the participants do not acquire them as a way of collaborative knowledge building with other researchers. The findings of the study were discussed with respect to socio-cultural aspects and scientific convention, as well as how ASNSs might have a role in the process of collaboration and information development with researchers across the globe.
Effectiveness of the Eggs Make Kids demand‐creation campaign at improving household availability of eggs and egg consumption by young children in Nigeria: A quasi‐experimental study

Abstract Using a quasi‐experimental design, our study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the ‘Eggs Make Kids Sharp & Bright and Strong & Active’ demand‐creation campaign in Nigeria. The intervention arm received emotionally compelling radio and television advertisements about eggs, and was exposed to promotional activities and advertising about eggs at points of purchase, schools and health facilities; the comparison arm received no intervention. Children 6–59 months of age (intervention: n = 1359; comparison: n = 1485) were assessed 14 months apart. Intent‐to‐treat analyses with analysis of covariance method assessed the impact of the intervention on caregivers' behaviour towards eggs, caregivers' willingness to pay for eggs, availability of eggs in households, and consumption of eggs by children 6–59 months of age. Analyses were adjusted for possible confounders and perceived effects of COVID‐19 on finances and food consumption. Compared to the comparison arm, the intervention arm showed a greater prevalence of household egg acquisition (odds ratio = 1.34, p < 0.0001), and larger improvements in caregiver self‐efficacy (β = 0.242, p = 0.004) and intent to feed eggs to children (β = 0.080, p = 0.021). No effects were found on children's egg consumption or caregivers' reported willingness to pay for eggs. The lack of impact on child egg consumption despite increased acquisition of eggs and caregiver self‐efficacy suggests that other barriers to child consumption may exist. Additional research should further investigate factors that may influence intrahousehold distribution of eggs and whether these may also influence other nutritious foods.
Verification and validation of a variable–density solver for fire safety applications

Abstract An iterative variable–density solver is developed and implemented in Code_Saturne, a finite-volume code. The method of manufactured solutions (MMS) is used to investigate the convergence and the order of accuracy of the algorithm. A well-documented large-scale helium buoyant plume is simulated by large-eddy simulation (LES) to validate the code against experimental data. MMS verification confirms the second-order accuracy of the code. LES of helium plumes are performed by using the dynamic Smagorinsky model for subgrid-scale (SGS) stress tensor and five dynamic SGS scalar flux models including, the classical dynamic eddy diffusivity model (DEDM), two models based on the generalized gradient diffusion assumption, and two other mixed models based on the Taylor series expansion. Predictions obtained with the DEDM provide on the whole a good agreement with the experimental data although the mixing rate at vicinity of the plume centerline is underestimated. The other SGS scalar flux models reduce these discrepancies, especially close to the plume source. In addition, helium mass fraction and its fluctuation are more sensitive to grid refinement than SGS scalar closures which suggest that the small-scale buoyancy effects are not fully captured by the present LES. The validated LES code provides state-of-the-art predictions as compared to other numerical studies and can be applied to fire safety applications in the future.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK

Meskipun jumlah wajib pajak dari tahun ke tahun semakin bertambah namun penerimaan pajak di Indonesia masih rendah,kendala tersebut adalah kepatuhan wajib pajak (tax compliance). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi wajib pajak orang pribadi dalam membayar pajak pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Pratama Surabaya Rungkut dengan menggunakan beberapa variabel bebas yang juga pernah digunakan dalam penelitian sebelumnya seperti kesadaran membayar pajak, sanksi perpajakan, pengetahuan serta pemahaman tentang peraturan perpajakan, persepsi efektivitas tentang peraturan perpajakan, dan kualitas pelayanan fiskus.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah para wajib pajak orang pribadi (WPOP) yang ada di KPP Pratama Surabaya Rungkut. Berdasarkan data dari KPP hingga akhir bulan September 2014 tercatat sebanyak 45.200 WP OP yang merupakan WP OP efektif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode proportional sampling. Jumlah sampel ditentukan 100 orang. Metode pengumpulan data primer yang dipakai adalah dengan metode angket (kuesioner). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis regresi berganda.Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kesadaran membayar pajak dan persepsi efektivitas sistem perpajakan memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, sedangkan sanksi perpajakan, pengetahuan serta pemahaman tentang peraturan perpajakan dan kualitas pelayanan fiskus tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan.
Weighted Linear Recurrent Forecasting in Singular Spectrum Analysis

Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is an increasingly popular time series filtering and forecasting technique. Owing to its widespread applications in a variety of fields, there is a growing interest towards improving its forecasting capabilities. As such, this paper takes into consideration the Recurrent forecasting approach in SSA (SSA-R) and presents a new mechanism for improving the accuracy of forecasts attainable via this method. The proposed Recurrent SSA-R approach is referred to as Weighted SSA-R (W:SSA-R), and we propose using a weighting algorithm for weigthing the coefficients of the Linear Recurrent Relation (LRR). The performance of forecasts from the W:SSA-R approach are compared with forecasts from the established SSA-R approach. We exploit real data and various simulated time series for the comparison, so as to provide the reader with more conclusive findings. Our results confirm that the W:SSA-R approach can provide comparatively more accurate forecasts and is indeed a viable solution for improving forecasts by SSA.
3D DEM simulation of principal stress rotation in different planes of cross‐anisotropic granular materials

Three‐dimensional Discrete Element Method simulations have been performed to study the deformation of cross‐anisotropic granular materials under principal stress rotation (PSR), for rotation planes oriented at different angles θ with respect to the bedding plane. The simulations have been conducted with a novel technique for applying specified stresses at three‐dimensional boundaries. The results are qualitatively in agreement with experimental results from literature. Cumulative volume contraction is always observed under continuous PSR and increases with increasing θ. The dilatancy rate decreases with increasing number of PSR cycles, tending to zero. The noncoaxiality angle between the strain increment and the stress in the PSR plane increases with increasing number of cycles, reaching the same asymptotic value for samples of various densities and for various θ. Periodic oscillations of the dilatancy rate and noncoaxiality angle within each PSR cycle are observed with an increasing oscillation magnitude with increasing θ, due to the larger fabric anisotropy within the PSR plane. When θ = 30 or 60°, significant noncoaxial strain accumulation occurs in the plane perpendicular to the PSR plane due to the oblique angle between the PSR plane and the bedding plane, echoing the major principal fabric direction's being neither parallel nor perpendicular to the PSR plane. The macroscopic behavior of the samples is related to the microscopic parameters including coordination number and fabric anisotropy. With increasing number of cycles, the difference between normalized stress/strain/fabric increment tensors tends to become constant, with only a small lag between each pair, irrespective of θ.
Mechanical properties of particles from the surface of asteroid 25143 Itokawa

Aims. Asteroids have been exposed to impacts since their formation, and as a consequence their surfaces are covered by small particles, pebbles, and boulders. The Japanese JAXA/ISAS Hayabusa mission collected micron-sized particles from the regolith of asteroid 25143 Itokawa. The study in terrestrial laboratories of these particles provides a scientific opportunity as their physical properties can be compared with those characteristic of chondritic meteorites that are often considered proxies of the building materials of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs). Methods. Here we present the results from a study of the mechanical properties of three of these particles using a precise technique called nanoindentation. The derived results are compared with those obtained via a methodology similar to that used for the Chelyabinsk meteorite. Results. The reduced Young’s modulus values obtained for the Itokawa samples are higher than those measured for the Chelyabinsk chondrite, so these specific particles of asteroid regolith are more compacted than the minerals forming the particular LL chondrite associated with PHAs. This might be a natural consequence of particles surviving long exposure times on the surface of a (near-Earth asteroid) NEA. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission plans to excavate a crater in the surface of the (65803) Didymos satellite. Our results suggest that excavating a crater with a kinetic impactor in an area of significant fine-grained regolith will increase the momentum transfer. As this will facilitate the release of particles carrying target mass in the opposite direction to the movement of the projectile, there is no need to grind up the target during the mechanical excavation phase.