Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical violence among elderly: analysis of admissions to an emergency department.

BACKGROUND Physical violence is defined as deliberate use of physical force likely to result in trauma, bodily injury, pain, or impairment. Present study is pioneering effort to evaluate mechanisms and sociodemographic features of physical violence targeting the elderly in Turkey and to investigate preventive measures. METHODS Database records and forensic reports were analyzed in this retrospective study of 54 elderly patients with trauma as result of physical violence who were admitted to emergency department of Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital between January 2012 and July 2013. RESULTS Of the 54 patients evaluated, 50 (92.4%) were male. History of experiencing previous violence was described by 55.6% (n=30) of the patients. Instances of repeat violence and firearm injuries most often occurred in the home (p=0.006, p=0.007). Need for surgical treatment was also greater among cases that occurred in the home (p=0.016). CONCLUSION Firearm injury, recurrent violence, and surgical treatment rates were higher among cases that occurred in the home. Urgent preventive measures are especially needed for the elderly who have already been victims of physical violence.
Cosmologies with null singularities and their gauge theory duals

We investigate backgrounds of Type IIB string theory with null singularities and their duals proposed in S. R. Das, J. Michelson, K. Narayan, S. P. Trivedi, hep-th/0602107. The dual theory is a deformed N=4 Yang-Mills theory in 3+1 dimensions with couplings dependent on a lightlike direction. We concentrate on backgrounds which become AdS{sub 5}xS{sup 5} at early and late times and where the string coupling is bounded, vanishing at the singularity. Our main conclusion is that in these cases the dual gauge theory is nonsingular. We show this by arguing that there exists a complete set of gauge invariant observables in the dual gauge theory whose correlation functions are nonsingular at all times. The two-point correlator for some operators calculated in the gauge theory does not agree with the result from the bulk supergravity solution. However, the bulk calculation is invalid near the singularity where corrections to the supergravity approximation become important. We also obtain pp-waves which are suitable Penrose limits of this general class of solutions, and construct the matrix membrane theory which describes these pp-wave backgrounds.
New insights on chemically induced animal models of systemic sclerosis

Purpose of reviewTo discuss the most recent published studies on chemical-induced animal models of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to precise the important signalling pathways that lead to the initiation and progression of the disease in these models. Recent findingsEnvironmental factors undoubtedly contribute to the initiation and the development of SSc. Among those factors, bleomycin has been identified as a possible SSc-inducing substance in mice. The bleomycin model mimics the inflammatory changes observed in the early phase of the disease. This model has been extensively studied and has allowed identification of several key pathways activated in the human disease. More recently, a new chemical-induced model of scleroderma has been developed in mice using daily intradermal injections of a solution generating hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-model. This HOCl-model recapitulates the whole spectrum of the human disease, as fibrosis, inflammation, autoimmunity and vasculopathy can be observed in mice and brought new arguments for a major role of reactive oxygen species in the induction of local and systemic fibrosis. SummaryChemically induced models truly develop a SSc-like disease and argue for a crucial role of ROS in SSc.
Dermoscopic Features of Melanocytic Nevi in Seven Different Anatomical Locations in Patients With Atypical Nevi Syndrome

BACKGROUND Dermoscopic screening facilitates early detection of melanoma and is recommended in patients with multiple or atypical nevi. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether dermoscopic features of acquired melanocytic nevi differ between six body sites (neck, axilla, pectoral area, shoulders, buttocks, legs) and the trunk. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred six patients with atypical nevi syndrome from a Digital Dermoscopy Unit were evaluated for the presence of nevi in each of seven body sites, and nevi representative of each region were selected as the predominant nevi. Dermoscopic features of 684 melanocytic nevi located in seven different body sites were analyzed. RESULTS Globular and globular‐homogeneous pattern nevi showed a cephalad distribution. Nevi at the neck, axilla, shoulders, and pectoral area showed a higher proportion of globular and globular‐homogeneous patterns than other locations (p < .001). Comma vessels were also more frequent on the neck, axillary area, and shoulders (p < .001). A reticular pattern was more frequent on caudal areas (legs, buttocks and lower back, and abdomen; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Dermoscopic differences were found in different body areas. This information should be considered in the evaluation of lesions in patients with atypical nevus syndrome.
Reactivation of p 53 by MDM 2 Inhibitor MI-77301 for the Treatment of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer

Endocrine therapy has been highly effective for the treatment of estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, but endocrine resistance develops in a significant proportion of patients. In an effort to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer, we have evaluated a potent and specific MDM2–p53 interaction inhibitor, MI-77301, which has been advanced into clinical development, for its therapeutic potential and mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo in WHIM9 and WHIM18 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Both WHIM9 and WHIM18 PDX models exhibit estradiol-independent tumor growth and are resistant to fulvestrant, a highly effective and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD). MI-77301 activates wild-type p53 in WHIM9 and WHIM18 cells in vitro and in xenograft tumor tissues in vivo, and it effectively induces upregulation of p21 and cell-cycle arrest in vitro in both models. Although fulvestrant fails to inhibit tumor growth in either of the xenograft models, MI-77301 is highly effective in inhibition of tumor growth at awell-tolerated dose schedule. This study provides a preclinical rationale for evaluation of MI-77301 or other MDM2 inhibitors as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer retaining wild-type p53. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2887–93. 2016 AACR.
Consumer co‐design of apparel for mass customization

Recent research suggests that consumers want individual needs met and that companies can work towards customizing products while still mass producing them. Co‐design, a consumer‐producer collaborative design endeavor, is one way to accomplish both. The purpose of this research was to explore consumers’ participation in and reaction to a CAD‐supported scenario of co‐design for mass customization. Aided by a design manager, 34 female college students co‐designed a three‐piece career outfit by choosing from a style bank of garment components. Subjects were comfortable with the process; most found it easy and were satisfied with the output. Ease of designing and satisfaction with images were positively correlated. Application of clothing involvement and innovativeness measures suggested possible characteristics of subjects who were more or less comfortable with co‐design and those who found it easier to make decisions. Results suggested the feasibility of co‐design from the consumer’s perspective and the need for further research.
Renal transplantation in Singapore.

INTRODUCTION Renal transplantation is the best treatment for kidney failure. As the demand far exceeds the supply, various legislative measures have been put into place in Singapore to increase kidney transplant rates. This paper evaluates the impact of these measures and reports on the outcomes for kidney transplant recipients in Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient demographics, recipient and donor characteristics, and co-morbidities occurring in incident transplant patients were extracted from Singapore Renal Registry (SRR) Reports from 1997 to 2006, tabulated and summarised. Graft and patient survivals data, which were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis until return to dialysis/pre-emptive renal re-transplant or patient death respectively, were extracted from SRR Reports. Published data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) and Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) were used for comparisons with data from the SRR. RESULTS The introduction of the Human Organ Transplant Act increased the rate of deceased donor (DD) kidney transplants from 4.7 per year from 1970 to 1988, to 41.4 per year from 1988 to 2004. In 2006, the overall DD and living donor (LD) rate for kidney transplants performed locally for Singaporeans and permanent residents of Singapore was 22.6 per million population (pmp); taking into account overseas kidney transplants, the kidney transplant rate was 33.0 pmp. One and 5-year graft survivals for local LD and DD transplanted between 1999 and 2006, as reported by the SRR, were 98.1% and 95.3% versus 88.9% and 81.3%, respectively (P <0.001). Patient survivals at 1 and 5 years were likewise significantly better for LD versus DD (99.4% and 96.6% vs. 96% and 89.1%, respectively; P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The local kidney transplant rates were lower than those reported by the USRDS for the USA, Spain, Norway and Australia but higher than other Asian countries. While 1-year outcomes for transplants reported to the SRR were similar to that reported by the OPTN, 5-year survivals were significantly higher, possibly due to the selection of patients with fewer comorbidities for kidney transplantation in Singapore. These results suggest that while outcomes are excellent, there is much more to be done to increase kidney transplantation rates in Singapore so as to meet the needs of end-stage renal failure patients in the country.
Activation of β-catenin Signaling Pathways by Classical G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Mechanisms and Consequences in Cycling and Non-cycling Cells

Wnt signaling pathways are some of the most intensely studies in all of biology. Recently, a number of classical heterotrimeric G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to activate the canonical Wnt pathway, culminating in the stabilization of β-catenin and induction of transcription of genes regulated by the Tcf/Lef family of transactivators. However, mechanisms by which these GPCRs accomplish this differ in key ways, and in some circumstances, the phenotypes produced are novel. Herein, we will examine mechanisms by which classical GPCRs interact with the canonical Wnt pathway, culminating in its activation, and describe the consequences of this activation, focusing on the heart. In the heart, the contractile cells, or cardiomyocytes, are terminally differentiated and virtually exclusively grow by increasing cell size (hypertrophy) rather than cell number, and we will describe how GPCR-mediated activation of the canonical pathway can drive this process.
Assessing the cross-cultural applicability of tailored advertising

This study compares the effectiveness of tailored advertising in two European Union member states: a longstanding member with a long history of advertising, the Netherlands; and a new member with a shorter advertising tradition, Poland. The positive effects of tailored advertising are hypothesised to be stronger among Polish consumers than among Dutch consumers because of the different advertising traditions in these two countries. A between-subjects experiment is conducted to test individuals’ responses to tailored versus generic advertisements for an unknown face-cream brand. The results show that tailoring is effective in influencing message attitudes, brand attitudes and purchase intentions, but only for Polish consumers. This tailoring effect is mediated by involvement with the message, message relevance and scepticism about the message. These findings suggest that tailored advertising can be used successfully in less marketing-savvy countries such as Poland, but that it may not be effective in more marketing-savvy countries such as the Netherlands.
Understanding the consequences of bilingualism for language processing and cognition

Contemporary research on bilingualism has been framed by two major discoveries. In the realm of language processing, studies of comprehension and production show that bilinguals activate information about both languages when using one language alone. Parallel activation of the two languages has been demonstrated for highly proficient bilinguals as well as second language learners and appears to be present even when distinct properties of the languages themselves might be sufficient to bias attention towards the language in use. In the realm of cognitive processing, studies of executive function have demonstrated a bilingual advantage, with bilinguals outperforming their monolingual counterparts on tasks that require ignoring irrelevant information, task switching, and resolving conflict. Our claim is that these outcomes are related and have the overall effect of changing the way that both cognitive and linguistic processing are carried out for bilinguals. In this paper we examine each of these domains of bilingual performance and consider the kinds of evidence needed to support this view. We argue that the tendency to consider bilingualism as a unitary phenomenon explained in terms of simple component processes has created a set of apparent controversies that masks the richness of the central finding in this work: the adult mind and brain are open to experience in ways that create profound consequences for both language and cognition.
Increasing a brand’s competitive clout: the role of market share, consumer preference, and price sensitivity

ABSTRACT The market power (or ‘competitive clout’) of a brand is an increasingly important component of modern marketing strategies. However, the factors that enhance a brand’s competitive clout (BCC) are poorly understood. This study therefore suggests an integrated model of BCC and three factors that are proposed to play a role in its formation: (i) consumer price sensitivity; (ii) brand market share; and (iii) consumer brand preferences. These variables are examined both individually and simultaneously to demonstrate the direct effect of each on BCC and how their inter-relationships contribute to BCC. In doing so, a two-step empirical analysis is conducted. First, two multinomial logit models provide an own- and a cross-price response matrix for a chosen set of competitive brands. Secondly, BCC is regressed against the variables of market share, intrinsic preferences, and price sensitivity using an interaction effects regression model. The results of the analysis show that market share is not the only way to increase BCC; in particular, consumer preferences, and especially pricing decisions, are shown to play a key role in developing a strong brand.
Institutional Investor Activism: Follow the Leaders?

Michael Jensen of the Harvard Business School, recently quoted in The Wall Street Journal, noted that "institutional activism is never going to amount to anything. " A sharply contrasting view is evident from Fortune which held that the power of such groups "will be one of the most important business forces of the nineties. " This apparent difference of opinion would appear to matter: Institutional investors, primarily private and public pension funds, currently control more than 50 percent of corporate equity. Certain activist institutions have been successful in changing some aspect of target corporations. Examples would include insisting on boards of directors with more outside, independent directors, the elimination of some anti-takeover provisions, separation of the role of CEO from that of the chairperson of the board, and elements of executive compensation. While many of these changes were sought and attained by some activist institutions, the issue had remained unsettled whether such strategies result in bottom line financial performance of the institutions' equity holdings. In this study of 200 Fortune 500 companies, a total of 975 separate institutional investors were listed as holding stock in these 200 firms. The thirty-six firms representing pension funds for city, state, and federal employees were classified as public. This is an important distinction as it is these public pension funds which have been the most activist of the institutional investors. Moreover, 13 institutional investors that sponsored or co-sponsored one or more shareholder proposals or proxy fights from 1986 to 1994 were identified, including California Public Employees Retirement System (CalPERS) fund, College Retirement Equities Fund (CREF), and New York State Common Retirement Fund. This, too, is an indication of institutional activism. The results of this study, relying on both accounting and market financial returns over a four-year period, indicate that, on average, firms with higher proportions of their equity held by institutional investors do not enjoy higher performance. Moreover, these is no evidence that the firms targeted by the activist funds through shareholder proposals or proxy fights were characterized by higher financial performance.
Goodwill Accounting and Takeover Premiums: Pre- and Post-IFRS

Prior US research indicates that acquiring firms pay an additional premium in acquisitions (i.e., pooling transactions) in which they do not need to amortise goodwill. The results of these studies however are subject to endogeneity problems as the accounting method choice and takeover premiums are jointly determined. As Australia has never permitted a choice of the pooling method, this study is able to take advantage of Australia’s adoption of IFRS in 2005 to examine the relationship between goodwill accounting and takeover premiums without concerns regarding endogeneity. Our results show that bidding firms lower their takeover premium when there is greater target firm goodwill. This relationship however is eliminated after Australia adopted IFRS and no longer required goodwill amortisation. Furthermore, we show that this change in the relationship between takeover premiums and goodwill post- IFRS only exists for bidding firms that have a CEO accounting based performance plan in place.
The influence of birth weight and genetic factors on lipid levels: a study in adult twins

Twins can be used to investigate the biological basis for observed associations between birth weight and later disease risk, as they experience in utero growth restriction compared with singletons, which can differ in magnitude within twin pairs despite partial or total genetic identity. In the present study, sixty monozygotic and seventy-one dizygotic same-sex twin pairs aged 19–50 years and eighty-nine singleton controls matched for age, gestational age, sex, maternal age and parity were recruited from an obstetric database. Associations between fasting lipid levels and birth weight were assessed by linear regression with adjustment for possible confounding factors. Twins were significantly lighter at birth but were not significantly different in adult height, weight or lipid levels from the singleton controls. There was a significant inverse association between birth weight and both total and LDL-cholesterol levels among singleton controls (−0·53mmol/l per kg (95% CI −0·97, −0·09), P=0·02 and −0·39mmol/l per kg (95% CI −0·76, −0·02), P=0·04, respectively), but there was no significant association between birth weight and lipid levels in either unpaired or within-pair analysis of twins. The results suggest that the in utero growth restriction and early catch-up growth experienced by twins does not increase the risk of an atherogenic lipid profile in adult life.
SR 140333, a Novel, Selective, and Potent Nonpeptide Antagonist of the NK1 Tachykinin Receptor: Characterization on the U373MG Cell Line

The effects of a novel nonpeptide NK1 tachy‐kinin receptor antagonist, SR 140333, on the functional consequences of NK1 receptor activation in a human astrocytoma cell line, U373MG, were investigated. Radioligand binding conducted with 125l‐Bolton‐Hunter substance P revealed a competitive inhibition by SR 140333 and its R enantiomer SR 140603 with Ki values of 0.74 and 7.40 nM, respectively. The NK1‐selective agonist, [Sar9,Met(O2)11]‐substance P, stimulated the formation of inositol phosphates with an EC50 of 3.8 × 10−9M. SR 140333 blocked the stimulatory effect of this agonist (10−7M) with an IC50 of 1.6 × 10−9M,whereas the effect of another NK1 agonist, septide (EC50= 1.5 × 10−8M)was antagonized with an IC50 of 2.1 × 10−10M.Enhancement of [3H]taurine release by [Sar9,Met(O2)11]‐substance P (EC50= 7.4 × 10−9M) was also inhibited by SR 140333 with an IC50 of 1.8 × 10−9 M. SR 140603 was 10‐fold less potent than SR 140333 in inhibiting inositol monophosphate formation and [3H]taurine release. The calcium mobilization induced by [Sar9,Met(O2)11]‐substance P (10−8M) was totally prevented by 10−8MSR 140333. Patchclamp experiments showed that SR 140333 depressed the outward current evoked by 5 × 10−8M [Sar9, Met(O2)11]‐substance P with an IC50 of 1.3 × 10−9M. The expression of c‐fos was stimulated by [Sar9,Met(O2)11]‐substance P with an EC50 of 2.5 × 10−10M, an effect that was also inhibited by SR 140333 with an IC50 of 1.1 × 10−9M. The present results illustrate the sequential events of the response elicited by NK1 agonists, which were antagonized by SR 140333, demonstrating its powerful NK1 antagonist activity on a functional basis.
How relevant are different forms of relational behavior? An empirical test based on Macneil's exchange framework

Many transactions in the business‐to‐business‐field are governed on a relational basis. In such long‐term business relationships, the object of exchange is but one determinant of relationship success. Soft factors such as the customer‐directed behaviors a supplier demonstrates are generally believed to be a major determinant of performance variables. Based on the relational exchange framework, this paper examines the impact of relational behaviors on relationship quality in professional service relationships. An empirical study conducted among 206 purchasers of market research information provides evidence that supplier behaviors such as role integrity, flexibility, or solidarity have an important impact on different dimensions of customer‐perceived relationship quality (satisfaction, trust, and commitment).
Do IFRS Matter in Emerging Countries? An Exploratory Analysis of Brazilian Firms

This study analyzes the impact of IFRS adoption on earnings management in the emerging country which is probably the most important economy in the world that has adopted IFRS mandatorily, Brazil. We examine the distributions of reported earnings in order to find discontinuities around the zero threshold, before and after IFRS adoption, for a sample of Brazilian listed firms for the period 2004-2011. Our findings provide empirical evidence of discontinuities before, but not after, the adoption of IFRS in Brazil. The results of our study suggest that mandatory adoption of IFRS by Brazilian firms is associated with a decrease in earnings management, mainly during the period of full IFRS adoption (2010-2011).