Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional trade agreements and their impact on export firms

The purpose of this study is to examine important dimensions related to regional trade cooperation that range from facilitation measures to trade barriers and the implications of these in Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). In particular, the study explores some of the implications of RTAs on the business community in Fiji, with a special focus on exporters. This paper has adopted a triangulation method that incorporates the use of survey research, interviews and descriptive statistics. The findings of the research highlight that the vast majority of firms also do not utilise the free trade provisions laid out in RTAs and very few felt the relevance of these RTAs in terms their exports. The results reveal that the utilisation of RTAs depends on the support of state institutions related to exporting. Nevertheless, the firms have revealed that they have seen increased competition (post RTA) in the market place.
Differentiation of Purkinje cells and their relationship to other components of developing cerebellar cortex in man

The differentiation of Purkinje cells and their relationship to other components of the developing cerebellar cortex were analyzed by the Golgimpregnation method and by electron microscopy in human specimens of various pre‐ and postnatal ages. The three stages of Purkinje cell maturation that have been previously recognized in other species are also evident in man: the first stage occupies primarily the fourth fetal month (12–16 weeks); the second stage lasts through the fifth, sixth and seventh fetal months (16–28 weeks); the third stage extends throughout the remaining period of intrauterine life and the first postnatal year and continues at a slow rate thereafter. During the first stage, Purkinje cells are distributed in a layer, several rows deep. Their bipolar somas are relatively smooth and have only a few processes at the apical and basal cell poles. In the 3‐month period of the second stage, Purkinje cells become gradully organized into a single row. Their somas become invested with additional randomly oriented dendritic processes and numerous somatic spines (pseudopodia). The first morphologically well‐defined synapses appear on the Purkinje cell somatic spines and on their immature dendritic shafts at the beginning of the second stage and become more prominent during the period from 18 to 24 weeks. In the third stage, the dendritic arbor becomes flattened in the plane transverse to the folium and somatic spines disappear. Spines appear on the secondary and tertiary dendrites between the twenty‐fourth and twenty‐eighth fetal weeks and continue to increase in number during the entire third stage as new dendritic branches develop. These observations indicate that cellular maturation and synaptogenesis in the primate cerebellum differ from these events in non‐primate species, with respect to time of birth, in the relative duration of each phase and in the total time necessary for neuronal differentiation. The protracted time of differentiation and the slow growth of Purkinje cell dendrites in man may be due to the numerically complex relationships existing between granule and Purkinje cells. It is probably not simply a reflection of the larger size of human Purkinje cells and their dendrites.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN IN TRADITIONAL GAMES IN TANZANIA

Children’s participation in traditional games is crucial for their social and intellectual development. In this light, one of the puzzling issues of our time is the drastic decrease in children’s outdoor play. This study sets out to investigate the reasons why, by identifying the factors that prevent children from participating in traditional games in urban Tanzania. The hypothesis driving this inquiry initially proposed that access to televisions, digital video technology, computers and mobile phone games decreases the degree of children’s active participation in traditional games. Based on data collected through interviews and focus group discussions with parents and children, the study revealed that this is not the case; instead, the findings identify seven other factors, including parents’ fear of child abduction and sexual abuse, parental emphasis on academic achievement, the pressure of family chores, and children’s destructive behaviour outdoors as responsible for the prohibitions that defeat children’s traditional play. The data includes children’s own self-reflections about why they do not play outside. These results indicate the advisability of educating parents about the benefits of traditional games in children’s lives. The study also recommends that parents and the wider community take steps together to create safer outdoor play environments for children. Keywords : Tanzanian children, childhood development, traditional games, Iringa, child protection
Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens

The maximization test for detecting contact allergens has proved to possess both sensitivity and specificity. However, modifications have become necessary because of excessive irritancy reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate. Fewer exposures are now recommended during induction and lower concentrations for challenge patch testing. Pre‐testing of each subject in the panel is now standard procedure. The problem of interpreting challenge patch tests is discussed in detail.
High glucose stimulates GRO secretion from rat microglia via ROS, PKC, and NF‐κB pathways

Hyperglycemia causes direct neuronal damage in diabetic encephalopathy. Microglia have been found to be activated in diabetic encephalopathy, presumably mediating and amplifying neuron degeneration. Chemokine IL‐8 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of encephalopathy. Therefore, we investigated whether high glucose could activate microglia and stimulate IL‐8 secretion and if so, the possible mechanisms that were involved. ELISA results showed that treatment with high glucose (35 mM) compared with treatment with low glucose (10 mM) time‐dependently elevated secretion of GRO (the rat ortholog of human IL‐8) in primary cultured rat microglia. Real‐time PCR results showed GRO mRNA expression also increased in response to high glucose in a time‐dependent manner. These effects were specific to high glucose because the osmolality control had no such effect. High‐glucose treatment stimulated the formation of ROS, as seen in the DCF fluorescence assay, increased phosphorylation of PKC, as seen in the Western blot analysis, and activated NF‐κB, as seen in the luciferase reporter assay. In addition, treatment with the ROS scavenger NAC (2 mM) significantly reduced the high glucose–induced phosphorylation of PKC and GRO secretion. Treatment with the PKC activator PMA (10–50 nM) stimulated GRO secretion, and the PKC inhibitors calphostin C (300 nM) or chelerythrine (1 μM) attenuated the high glucose–induced GRO secretion. Furthermore, the NF‐κB inhibitors MG132 (10 μM) or PDTC (5 μM) completely blocked the high glucose–induced GRO secretion. In conclusion, high glucose induces GRO secretion and mRNA expression in activated rat microglia, which is mediated by the ROS, PKC, and NF‐κB pathways. High glucose–induced IL‐8 production by microglia may contribute to diabetic encephalopathy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Impact of Tourism on Village Society and its Environmental

This research explained how tourism activity influenced the society who lived in the village around them. The impact that was elaborated in this study was “economic, socio-cultural, and environmental” aspects. Pasir Angin Village is close to Puncak where hotels, villas, and tourism destination are built. Every weekends people from downtown such as Jakarta, Tangerang, Depok, and Bekasi visit Puncak for leisure. This tourism activity affect the society who lives around Puncak. Those bring around both negative and positive sides of economic, socio-culture, and environment. This was quantitative research and descriptive analysis. The research was located in Pasir Angin village. Respondents of this research were 99 residents of Pasir Angin village. This study concluded that there were advantages of developing tourism destinations to their neighbourhood. The advantages and disadvantages rose among economic, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects.
Relationship Between Unilateral Jumping Ability and Asymmetry on Multidirectional Speed in Team-Sport Athletes

Abstract Lockie, RG, Callaghan, SJ, Berry, SP, Cooke, ERA, Jordan, CA, Luczo, TM, and Jeffriess, MD. Relationship between unilateral jumping ability and asymmetry on multidirectional speed in team-sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res 28(12): 3557–3566, 2014—The influence of unilateral jump performance, and between-leg asymmetries, on multidirectional speed has not been widely researched. This study analyzed how speed was related to unilateral jumping. Multidirectional speed was measured by 20-m sprint (0–5, 0–10, 0–20-m intervals), left- and right-leg turn 505, and modified T-test performance. Unilateral jump performance, and between-leg asymmetries, was measured by vertical (VJ), standing broad (SBJ), and lateral (LJ) jumping. Thirty male team-sport athletes (age = 22.60 ± 3.86 years; height = 1.80 ± 0.07 m; mass = 79.03 ± 12.26 kilograms) were recruited. Pearson's correlations (r) determined speed and jump performance relationships; stepwise regression ascertained jump predictors of speed (p ⩽ 0.05). Subjects were divided into lesser and greater asymmetry groups from each jump condition. A 1-way analysis of variance found between-group differences (p ⩽ 0.05). Left-leg VJ correlated with the 0–10 and 0–20-m intervals (r = −0.437 to −0.486). Right-leg VJ correlated with all sprint intervals and the T-test (r = −0.380 to −0.512). Left-leg SBJ and LJ correlated with all tests (r = −0.370 to −0.729). Right-leg SBJ and LJ related to all except the left-leg turn 505 (r = −0.415 to −0.650). Left-leg SBJ predicted the 20-m sprint. Left-leg LJ predicted the 505 and T-test. Regardless of the asymmetry used to form groups, no differences in speed were established. Horizontal and LJ performance related to multidirectional speed. Athletes with asymmetries similar to this study (VJ = ∼10%; SBJ = ∼3%; LJ = ∼5%) should not experience speed detriments.
Development of an in vitro blood-brain barrier model to study molecular neuropathogenesis and neurovirologic disorders induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

OBJECTIVE An in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) system was developed using primary cultures of human brain-derived microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs), macrophages, neuronal cells, and human fetal astrocytes. This BBB system simulates important morphologic and permeability characteristics of the BBB in vivo. This system could be used to study human neurologic/neurovirologic disorders. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Microvascular endothelial cells were cultured to 100% confluency on the upper side of 0.45-microm polyethylene tetraphthalte (PET) membrane inserts coated with MVEC attachment factor. Expression of ZO-1 (Zona Occludens 1), a protein specifically associated with tight junctions and the intercellular sealing of adjacent MVECs, was analyzed by immunocytochemical methods. The integrity of the BBB formed on the insert membrane was also assessed by the measurement of electrical current passage through the membrane; and, after the formation of complete BBB, a two-compartment system was developed using the cell culture insert upper surface, essentially a confluent monolayer of brain-derived MVECs housed on a six-well chamber surface. In the six-well chamber surface, there are different central nervous system (CNS)-based cells, ie, human astrocytes, immature neurons, mature neurons, and MVEC. The cell culture inserts were in close juxtaposition to the surface of the chamber, making an intimate contact with the cells, separated by an insert membrane. The MVEC surface of the insert was exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains 89.6, NL4-3, and IIIB. After 72 hours, the cells were fixed and used for in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR), whereas the supernatant was subjected to HIV-1 p24 antigen determination. RESULTS Primary human brain MVECs are capable of forming tight junctions, revealed by the expression of ZO-1, as well as elevated transendothelial electrical resistance. Based on these characteristics, these cells formed an in vitro BBB, which then was used to study the transfer of HIV-1 through this barrier. It was observed that HIV-1 can infect MVEC and can cross it in vitro and infect the cells growing on the opposite side of the membrane. Infection of various CNS-based cells was confirmed by IS-PCR, as well as by HIV-1 p24-antigen determination. It was observed that the dual-tropic strain, 89.6, had a greater potential to create a breach in the in vitro BBB, followed by NL4-3 and IIIB. CONCLUSION This model system is relevant for evaluating HIV-1 neuropathogenesis and therapeutics designed to alter HIV-1 expression in human CNS-based cells. As such, the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1 infection of the human CNS, a possible drug sanctuary site, can be evaluated using this technology.
A Review on Ordered Dither Block Truncation Coding for Content Based Image Retrieval using Relevance Feedback

— now a days, content based image retrieval (CBIR) is the mainstay of the image retrieval systems. CBIR system is used in various areas like medical, academic, art, fashion, Entertainment . This project uses ordered-dither block truncation coding (ODBTC) for CBIR which have relevance feedback mechanism. In this project features of an image are extracted using ODBTC for the generation of image content descriptor. ODBTC offers a simple and effective descriptor to index images in CBIR system. ODBTC compresses an image block into minimum quantizer, maximum quantizer and bitmap image. The proposed image retrieval system generates two image features namely Color co-occurrence feature (CCF) and bit pattern feature (BPF) from the minimum quantizer, maximum quantizer and bitmap image respectively by involving the visual codebook. To be more profitable, relevance feedback technique can be applied into CBIR such that more precise results can be obtained by taking users feedback into account. The proposed method is superior to the block truncation coding image retrieval system and the other earlier method.
Using Assistive Technology to Teach Emotion Recognition to Students With Asperger Syndrome

Many individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulty recognizing emotions in themselves and others. The present pilot study explored the use of assistive technology to teach emotion recognition (ER) to eight children with ASC. Participants were between the ages of 8 and 11 years and had a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome (AS). ER testing was conducted using a computer at pre- and postintervention. The intervention consisted of 10 weeks of using the computer software Mind Reading: The Interactive Guide to Emotions™ in either home or school settings. The results indicated that after intervention, participants improved on face and voice ER for basic and complex emotions that were in the software, as well as for complex voice ER for emotions not included in Mind Reading. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Induction of CCAAT/Enhancer‐Binding Protein β Expression With the Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Isobutylmethylxanthine Improves Myoblast Engraftment Into Dystrophic Muscle

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is the most common muscular dystrophy. Characterized by rounds of muscle degeneration and regeneration, DMD features progressive muscle wasting and is fatal. One approach for treatment is transplantation of muscle progenitor cells to repair and restore dystrophin expression to damaged muscle. However, the success of this approach has been limited by difficulties in isolating large numbers of myogenic progenitors with strong regenerative potential, poor engraftment, poor survival of donor cells, and limited migration in the diseased muscle. We demonstrate that induction of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBPβ) using the cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) results in enhanced myoblast expansion in culture and increased satellite cell marker expression. When equal numbers of IBMX‐treated cells were transplanted into dystrophic muscle, they contributed to muscle repair more efficiently than did vehicle‐treated cells and engrafted into the satellite cell niche in higher numbers, demonstrating improved cell migration from the site of injury and enhanced survival after transplantation. Thus, pharmacologic stimulation of C/EBPβ expression reprograms myoblasts to a more stem cell‐like state, promotes expansion in culture, and improves engraftment such that better transplantation outcomes are achieved.
Access to mental health care in an inner-city health district. I: Pathways into and within specialist psychiatric services

Background Needs for mental health care are likely to be high in urban areas. Purchasers must assess the extent to which these are being met. The pathways to care model provides a framework for this purpose. Method Epidemiological surveys of adults living in deprived multi-ethnic innercity catchment area were undertaken in psychiatric services, primary care and community settings. Estimated prevalence rates were calculated and the association between clinical and demographic factors and the use of psychiatric services examined. Results Around a third of people with mental health problems did not consult a GP. and half failed to have their problems recognised by their doctor. Access to psychiatric services and especially to inpatient care was highly restricted. Diagnosis and ethnicity had a marked influence on the use of specialist services. Conclusions Many people with psychiatric morbidity are not receiving treatment either from primary care or specialist services. High levels of severe morbidity and compulsory admissions highlight the pressures placed on inner-city psychiatric services.
Bridging the gap between customer experience management and mobile shopping

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to study three clues (employee reputation, site design, and security) of the Customer Experience Management framework that can prompt mobile shopper satisfaction and repurchase intention. The moderator role of perceived distance of the retailer is explored. Design/methodology/approach – The Partial Least Squares approach was employed to analyze information gathered from 1053 mobile shoppers in a geographically extensive and emerging market (Mexico). Findings – The Customer Experience Management framework is helpful in explaining m-shopper satisfaction and intention to repurchase via mobile phone. Our findings show that reputation (particularly for consumers who perceive that retailers are near), site design (principally for consumers who perceive that retailers are far away), and security enhance mobile-shopper satisfaction. Satisfactory experiences increase repurchase intention, regardless of perceived distance of alternative retailers. Originality/value – This study contributes to understanding which factors mobile vendors (m-vendors) could manage in different ways to engender satisfaction and intention to repurchase via mobile, from the unexplored Customer Experience Management perspective and in a scarcely studied emerging market. Also, a key facet of this study is related to the moderating influence of perceived distance on the relationship between employee reputation, site design, and security, on one hand, and m-shopper satisfaction on the other.
Diagnostic tests in neonatal sepsis

Purpose of review The present review examines the major developments in early detection of neonatal sepsis, with an emphasis on the utility of diagnostic laboratory markers in clinical practice. Recent findings Measures of acute phase proteins, cytokines, cell surface antigens, and bacterial genomes have been used alone or in combination to improve diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Most studies evaluating laboratory diagnostic markers are retrospective cohorts or single center experience with relatively small sample size. Interpretation of these studies is confounded by inconsistent definitions of sepsis, heterogeneous sample populations, and different thresholds for diagnostic markers. Furthermore, many diagnostic markers are not available for routine care, they require specialized analytical procedures, and are expensive to perform. Summary A better understanding of the neonatal inflammatory response to sepsis and identification of sensitive and specific markers of inflammation or rapid microbe-specific diagnostic tests would assist in the early detection of neonatal sepsis and in safely withholding antibiotics for patients in whom sepsis is unlikely.
Demodex tauri sp. n. (Acari: Demodicidae), a new parasite of cattle.

A new species, Demodex tauri sp. n. , is described in all stages of the life cycle from the hair follicles and ducts of the sebaceous glands on the eyelids of cattle in Czechoslovakia. It is compared with other demodicids described from cattle. Observations on the prevalence, habitat, and pathogenicity of the new species are presented.
Present status of equine cloning and clinical characterization of embryonic, fetal, and neonatal development of three cloned mules.

T ability to clone mammals via somatic cell nuclear transfer has been recognized as a major scientific milestone because it proved that a fully differentiated somatic cell can be genetically reprogrammed back to the undifferentiated state of a 1-cell zygote (embryo) and initiate and undergo complete embryonic-fetal development, resulting in the birth of an animal that is genetically identical to the original cell donor. Although the specific methods used for cloning via nuclear transfer can differ, it is generally performed by micromanipulating and fusing 2 cells (Figure 1). One cell, referred to as the nuclear donor or karyoplast, is derived from the animal to be cloned; typically, donor cells are maintained in tissue culture, from which 1 cell is selected for each nuclear transfer procedure. The other cell, referred to as a cytoplast, is a mature unfertilized oocyte from which the genetic material (polar body and metaphase plate) has been removed. The cytoplast contains numerous cellular factors (eg, mRNA and proteins) that play an important role in the reprogramming of the genetic material (ie, genes) of the donor cell, which enables the cloned embryo to initiate the complex sequence of events leading to embryonic and fetal development. The reconstituted embryo uses the donor cell DNA as the template for subsequent gene expression, which results in a genetic clone of the donor animal. The ability to clone animals via somatic cell nuclear transfer offers tremendous potential for application in the areas of animal agriculture (eg, genetic improvement and disease resistance), conservation biology through the preservation of endangered species, and medical biotechnology (eg, production of transgenic animals for biopharming and xenotransplantation of organs). For the equine
Collaborative design boosting development of digital wellness services

Today, digitalization is a catalyst for economic growth. Digitalization opens huge opportunities for service providers to create novel solutions for consumers. For example, consumers are willing to spend more money and time to take care of themselves and this provides new business for wellness service providers. The aim of this paper is to provide new knowledge on how user involvement and co-design can boost development of digital wellness services, and what are their potential benefits for companies. The paper introduces three case studies in which novel mobile wellness services were developed in collaboration with users in Owela platform in different phases of the development process.