Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different Mechanisms of Resistance toBacillus thuringiensis Toxins in the Indianmeal Moth

ABSTRACT Susceptibility to protoxin and toxin forms of Cry1Ab and the binding of 125I-labeled Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac has been examined in three Plodia interpunctella colonies, one susceptible (688s) and two resistant (198r and Dplr) to Bacillus thuringiensis. Toxicological studies showed that the 198r colony was 11-fold more resistant to Cry1Ab protoxin than to Cry1Ab activated toxin, whereas the Dplr colony was 4-fold more resistant to protoxin versus toxin. Binding results with 125I-labeled toxins indicated the occurrence of two different binding sites for Cry1Ab in the susceptible insects, one of them shared with Cry1Ac. Cry1Ab binding was found to be altered in insects from both resistant colonies, though in different ways. Compared with the susceptible colony, insects from the Dplr colony showed a drastic reduction in binding affinity (60-fold higher Kd), although they had similar concentrations of binding sites. Insects from the 198r colony showed a slight reduction in both binding affinity and binding site concentration (five-fold-higherKd and ca. three-fold-lowerRt compared with the 688s colony). No major difference in Cry1Ac binding was found among the three colonies. The fact that the 198r colony also has a protease-mediated mechanism of resistance (B. Oppert, R. Hammel, J. E. Throne, and K. J. Kramer, J. Biol. Chem. 272:23473–23476, 1997) is in agreement with our toxicological data in which this colony has a different susceptibility to the protoxin and toxin forms of Cry1Ab. It is noteworthy that the three colonies used in this work derived originally from ca. 100 insects, which reflects the high variability and high frequency of B. thuringiensisresistance genes occurring in natural populations.
Technology scaling of advanced bulk CMOS on-chip ESD protection down to the 32nm node

Technology scaling data are presented based on 65nm, 45nm, and the 32nm High-K, metal gate process. Thin oxide NFET parasitic bipolar snapback and gate dielectrics breakdown voltages decrease to 3.2V and 3.6V, respectively. The top concern is to achieve adequate voltage clamping at I/O pads. Continuous improvement in ESD device failure currents per area is found. Vertical metal wiring schemes are needed to overcome wiring resistance challenges.
Proper closure of the optic fissure requires ephrin A5-EphB2-JNK signaling

The development of complex organs such as the eye requires a delicate and coordinated balance of cell division and cell death. Although apoptosis is prevalent in the proximoventral optic cup, the precise role it plays in eye development needs to be investigated further. In this study, we show that reduced apoptosis in the proximoventral optic cup prevents closure of the optic fissure. We also show that expression of ephrin A5 (Efna5) partially overlaps with Eph receptor B2 (Ephb2) expression in the proximoventral optic cup and that binding of EphB2 to ephrin A5 induces a sustained activation of JNK. This prolonged JNK signal promotes apoptosis and prevents cell proliferation. Thus, we propose that the unique cross-subclass interaction of EphB2 with ephrin A5 has evolved to function upstream of JNK signaling for the purpose of maintaining an adequate pool of progenitor cells to ensure proper closure of the optic fissure. Summary: Cross-subclass interaction of EphB2 with ephrin A5 functions upstream of JNK signaling to maintain an adequate pool of progenitor cells to ensure proper closure of the optic fissure.
Resident-Managed Elder Intentional Neighborhoods: Do They Promote Social Resources for Older Adults?

ABSTRACT Social isolation has serious negative public health impacts for older adults. Survey data were collected at three resident-managed elder intentional neighborhoods in the United States (n = 59), to determine if these neighborhoods, each based on the cohousing model, promote development of social resources for their residents. Social resources were measured on three dimensions: social networks, neighborly support, and satisfaction with the neighborhood community. Respondents were White, mean age of 73.3 (range = 63–91), primarily female (76.3%), and generally had high levels of education and self-reported health. Almost half (47%) were never married/divorced and 37% were childless. Inclusion of neighborhood ties ameliorated risk of social isolation. Satisfaction with support and a variety of neighboring behaviors were reported. These neighborhoods are meeting the needs of a potentially at-risk population as an avenue to promote social resources and reduce social isolation. The implications for gerontological social workers include a role in helping to mobilize and support these types of neighborhoods as a way to encourage mutual support among older adults. With the increase in the aging population, such models of proactive interdependence and communal coping have the potential to lessen or delay the demands that socially isolated elders place on social workers.
Assaults in hospitals.

Psychiatric News reported several deaths of psychiatrists at the hands of their patients in 1982. This year a psychiatry resident was murdered by a patient in her office. Two years ago an intern was the fatal victim of a former psychiatric patient as he worked in a Kansas City emergency room. These striking reports do little to describe accurately the incidence and severity of assaults in hospitals. There is a need for valid, reliable data concerning potential dangers to psychiatrists, other medical staff, and patients in medical care settings. It is important to know the baselines from which to measure deviations in assault incidence, to discuss what is being done to whom, and to prevent and manage such situations. Unfortunately, most common sense approaches to this problem have limited usefulness. Bromides such as "paranoids are more dangerous" or "female staff hardly ever get assaulted" may have some merit in certain situations; however, our group is now fairly certain that one should put only very limited credence in any of them. One reason for the limited value of these sayings has to do with the great range of health care settings in which violence may occur. In addition, different ways of defining and reporting assaultive incidents significantly alter the form and content of one's results. Recent studies have reported rates of significant assault as low as 25 cases per 27,000 patients per ten years. I Most studies have found a higher incidence. 2 -4 In a large survey of clinicians, one of us (W.H.R.) found data to agree with other investigators that up to one-half of all psychiatrists experience at least one serious assault during their careers. S Tardiff and Sweillam 4 report that about 7.5 percent of patients in the New York State hospital system have committed at least one assault in the hospital. Finally, unpublished data from the Veterans Administration indicates some 12,000 assaultive incidents were reported within the system over a recent five-year period.
Spatial prediction of counts and rates

In this paper we provide both theoretical and empirical comparisons of marginal and conditional methods for analysing spatial count data. We focus on methods for spatial prediction developed from a generalized linear mixed model framework and compare them with the traditional linear (kriging) predictor. Prediction methods are illustrated and compared through a case study based on real data and through a detailed simulation study. The paper emphasizes a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emphysema detected by lung cancer screening with low‐dose spiral CT: Prevalence, and correlation with smoking habits and pulmonary function in Japanese male subjects

Objective: Screening with low‐dose spiral CT is a promising new tool for early lung cancer detection. A study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of emphysema detected by CT screening, and to assess the correlation between the extent of emphysema and the severity defined according to the recently published Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria.
Brain electrical activity during food presentation in obese binge‐eating women

Binge‐eating (BE) subjects have shown altered brain activity at frontal regions during food presentation. The aim of this study was to examine the frontal brain electrical activity in obese BE women (n = 12) and in obese women without BE (non‐BE, n = 13). Brain electrical activity was measured using a quantitative electroencephalography during a resting state (eyes‐closed) and when the subjects focused (eyes‐open) their attention on a picture of a landscape (control experiment) or on a meal (food experiment). The BE showed greater frontal beta activity (14–20 Hz) than the non‐BE in both the eyes‐closed (on average 52%) and the eyes‐open situations and independently of the stimulus (control experiment: 57% and food experiment: 71%). No significant differences between the groups were found in alpha, delta or theta amplitudes. Increased beta activity correlated positively with the disinhibition factor of the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire. Thus, our results suggest that elevated frontal beta activity may be a marker of dysfunctional disinhibition–inhibition mechanism, which could make the obese BE women more vulnerable or sensitive to food and the environmental cues.
Continuous Retention Suture for the Management of Open Abdomen: A High Rate of Delayed Fascial Closure

Background and Aims: Open abdomen is most often a consequence of damage control surgery, abdominal decompression or intra-abdominal infections. Ventral hernia after unsuccessful closure of open abdomen causes marked disability to the patient. Several methods for delayed fascial closure have been developed. Patients treated with continuous retention suture were evaluated to find out how often fascial closure was achieved, and what complications were related to the technique. Method: A retrospective analysis of 16 open abdomen patients treated with continuous retention suture. Results: The most common cause of open abdomen was abdominal infection. Complete fascial closure was achieved in nine of the eleven surviving patients. Closure failed in one patient. Partial closure was also achieved in one patient. The median time between leaving the abdomen open and starting the process of closure was twelve days. The longest period of open abdomen before successful fascial closure was 29 days. Five patients died before the process of closure was complete. Conclusion: Delayed fascial closure can be accomplished by using the retention suture method described here.
Strengthening to Promote Functional Recovery Poststroke: An Evidence-Based Review

Abstract Background: Following stroke, patients/clients suffer from significant impairments. However, weakness is the predominant common denominator. Historically, strengthening or high-intensity resistance training has been excluded from neurorehabilitation programs because of the concern that high-exertion activity, including strengthening, would increase spasticity. Contemporary research studies challenge this premise. Method: This evidence-based review was conducted to determine whether high-intensity resistance training counteracts weakness without increasing spasticity in persons poststroke and whether resistance training is effective in improving functional outcome compared to traditional rehabilitation intervention programs. The studies selected were graded as to the strength of the recommendations and the levels of evidence. The treatment effects including control event rate (CER), experimental event rate (EER), absolute risk reduction (ARR), number needed to treat (NNT), relative benefit increase (RBI), absolute benefit increase (ABI), and relative risk (RR) were calculated when sufficient data were present. Results: A total of 11 studies met the criteria. The levels of evidence ranged from fair to strong (3B to 1B). Conclusions: Despite limited long-term follow-up data, there is evidence that resistance training produces increased strength, gait speed, and functional outcomes and improved quality of life without exacerbation of spasticity.
Cyclic reformation of a quasi‐parallel bow shock at Mercury: MESSENGER observations

We here document with magnetic field observations a passage of the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft through Mercury's magnetosphere under conditions of a quasi‐parallel bow shock, i.e., when the direction of the upstream interplanetary magnetic field was within 45° of the bow shock normal. The spacecraft's fast transition of the magnetosheath and the steady solar wind conditions during the period analyzed allow both spatial and temporal properties of the shock crossing to be investigated. The observations show that the shock reformation process can be nearly periodic under stable solar wind conditions. Throughout the 25‐min‐long observation period, the pulsation duration deviated by at most ~10% from the average 10 s period measured. This quasiperiodicity allows us to study all aspects of the shock reconfiguration, including ultra‐low‐frequency waves in the upstream region and large‐amplitude magnetic structures observed in the vicinity of the magnetosheath‐solar wind transition region and inside the magnetosheath. We also show that bow shock reformation can be a substantial source of wave activity in the magnetosphere, on this occasion having given rise to oscillations in the magnetic field with peak‐to‐peak amplitudes of 40–50 nT over large parts of the dayside magnetosphere. The clean and cyclic behavior observed throughout the magnetosphere, the magnetosheath, and the upstream region indicates that the subsolar region was primarily influenced by a cyclic reformation of the shock front, rather than by a spatial and temporal patchwork of short large‐amplitude magnetic structures, as is generally the case at the terrestrial bow shock under quasi‐parallel conditions.
THE DETECTION OF ANOMALOUS DUST EMISSION IN THE NEARBY GALAXY NGC 6946

We report on the Ka-band (26–40 GHz) emission properties for 10 star-forming regions in the nearby galaxy NGC 6946. From a radio spectral decomposition, we find that the 33 GHz flux densities are typically dominated by thermal (free–free) radiation. However, we also detect excess Ka-band emission for an outer-disk star-forming region relative to what is expected given existing radio, submillimeter, and infrared data. Among the 10 targeted regions, measurable excess emission at 33 GHz is detected for half of them, but in only one region is the excess found to be statistically significant (≈7σ). We interpret this as the first likely detection of so-called “anomalous” dust emission outside of the Milky Way. We find that models explaining this feature as the result of dipole emission from rapidly rotating ultrasmall grains are able to reproduce the observations for reasonable interstellar medium conditions. While these results suggest that the use of Ka-band data as a measure of star formation activity in external galaxies may be complicated by the presence of anomalous dust, it is unclear how significant a factor this will be for globally integrated measurements as the excess emission accounts for ≲10% of the total Ka-band flux density from all 10 regions.
Induction of the TRPM-2 gene in cells undergoing programmed death

RNA and protein products encoded by the testosterone-repressed prostate message-2 gene (TRPM-2) are induced to high levels, coordinate with the onset of cell death, in numerous rodent models of inducible tissue damage. These models include cell death initiated by hormonal stimuli (prostate regression), pressure insult (renal atrophy after ureteral obstruction), developmental stimuli (necrosis of interdigital tissue), and cytotoxic injury (chemotherapeutic regression of a tumor). Sequence analysis of cDNA encoding TRPM-2 revealed its close homology with a product referred to as SGP-2 or clusterin expressed constitutively by Sertoli cells; however, the immunologically related polypeptides expressed in regressing tissues differ in molecular mass from the forms secreted by the testis. Although the function(s) of the products encoded by the TRPM-2 gene remains unclear, their presence provides a remarkable and early indicator of programmed cell death in many types of mammalian cells.
Do simple sequence repeats in replication, repair and recombination genes of mycoplasmas provide genetic variability?

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites are mono to hexa-nucleotide tandem repeats of DNA that are ubiquitous in intergenic regions and coding regions of genomes. SSRs may be essential for any genome as these repeats are found even in organisms like mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes) that have small genome size. Mollicutes cause different diseases in vertebrates including humans, insects and plants. Antibiotics have been developed against membrane proteins and replication related proteins like gyrase and topoisomerase. However, some pathogens have developed immunity against these drugs. Mycoplasmas can evade host immune response in which SSRs variations in membrane proteins play an important role. The present study seeks presence of di- to penta-nucleotide repeats in genes associated with DNA replication, repair and recombination in thirteen mycoplasma genomes. Association of SSRs with these genes may have potential to provide variability for evading antibiotics against replication, repair and recombination proteins. In the present study SSRs are present in few genes but among the repeats found, maximum repeats are present in methylase, DNA polymerase, excinuclease and topoisomerase genes. Maximum number of repeat types are dinucleotides but present only in M. pulmonis. Pentanucleotide repeats are present in three mycoplasmas but tetranucleotide repeats are present in eight mycoplasmas.
The influence of NaCl priming on seed germination and seedling growth of canola (Brassica napus L.) under salinity conditions.

A laboratorial study was carried out to investigate the effect of NaCl priming on seed germination and seedling growth of canola. Canola seeds were primed with 1% NaCl solution for 24 hours, at 20°C. Then primed and non-primed seeds were irrigated with seven different saline solutions consisted of 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50% concentrations of NaCl. Results indicated that NaCl priming increased germination percentage, germination rate and seedling dry weight 25.57, 34.67 and 36.67 %, respectively, as compared with non-primed seeds. Overall increased NaCl level, led to the reductions in the traits under study but these reductions were higher for non-primed compared to primed seeds. At the 1.25% level of salinity, the reductions for germination percentage, germination rate and seedling dry weight were 36.30, 39.52 and 50% for primed and 69.47, 89.92 and 87.5% for non-primed seeds respectively, as compared with control. However, at 1.50% level of salinity non-primed seeds failed to germinate, while, germination percentage was 45% for primed seeds. The present study revealed that under salinity condition, seed priming with NaCl could be used as a method for improving seed performance in canola. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of NaCl priming on later growth and development stages of this crop.
Role for Ganglionic Norepinephrine in Sympathetic Synaptic Transmission

Transmission of nerve impulses in superior cervical sympathetic ganglia of cats and rabbits is markedly enhanced after reserpine-induced depletion of ganglionic norepinephrine. Transmission is also enhanced by administration of adrenergic blocking agents. In contrast, reserpine-induced release of ganglionic norepinephrine in animals pretreated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor results in a pronounced depression of ganglionic transmission, which lasts until the ganglionic norepinephrine disappears. These results support the concept that norepinephrine in ganglia modulates the action of acetylcholine.
A comparison of the efficacy and relapse rates of narrowband UNV (TL‐01) monotherapy vs. etretinate (re‐TL‐01) vs. etretinate‐PUVA (re‐PUVA) in the treatment of psoriasis patients

Summary Forty‐five patients with extensive chronic plaque or guttate psoriasis were treated with either narrowband (TL‐01) phototherapy, etretinate TL‐01 combination therapy (re‐TL‐01) or etretinate and PUVA (re‐PUVA) (15 patients in each group). Re‐PUVA was the most effective therapy with 100% satisfactory clearance rate. TL‐01 monotherapy had an 80% success rate; the relapse rate compared favourably with re‐PUVA (50% in remission after 6 months). In the etretinate‐TL‐01 group, there was a 93% success rate and a one‐third reduction in the total irradiation dose (8.0 J/cm2 vs, 12.7 J/cm2) but the relapse rate was higher, only 33% remaining in remission after 6 months.
Compliance with antidepressant medication in the treatment of major depressive disorder in primary care: a randomized comparison of fluoxetine and a tricyclic antidepressant.

OBJECTIVE Many claims have been made for superior compliance with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) compared with tricyclic antidepressants, but to date meta-analyses have not confirmed reduced dropouts in randomized controlled trials. The authors used a randomized study design to evaluate differential compliance with antidepressant medications in a primary care setting. METHOD A total of 152 patients treated in 10 primary care practices in the United Kingdom were included in a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study of fluoxetine and dothiepin at therapeutic doses for 12 weeks. Compliance was assessed by using pill count, patient questionnaires, and the Medication Event Monitoring System. RESULTS The level of compliance with fluoxetine was numerically higher than the level of compliance with dothiepin on all three primary outcome measures, although the differences were not significant. In a secondary analysis using data from the Medication Event Monitoring System, both a survival analysis for length of time without a gap in medicine taking and a derived compliance index showed a significant advantage to fluoxetine. Patients in the fluoxetine group reported superior response on the health transition scale of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire and numerically greater improvement on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. In both treatment arms patients with a superior compliance index were more likely to have improved in Hamilton depression scale scores by the last study visit. CONCLUSIONS This study supports recent meta-analyses of SSRIs versus tricyclic antidepressants in finding no significant differences in crude indices of compliance between fluoxetine and dothiepin, despite marked differences in side effect profile and dose regimen. However, both a survival analysis and a new measure that takes account of prolonged periods of noncompliance distinguished between the treatments and was associated with improvement in both groups.