Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of Liver Cell Carcinoma

The scientific work of the Division has been focussed to studies on the mechanism of carcinogenesis, particularly to the analysis of preneoplasia in different human tissues and in experimental models by cytomorphological, cytochemical, microbiochemical and molecular biological approaches. Comprehensive studies on neoplastic development in the liver and kidney had previously shown that the manifestation of both benign and malignant neoplasms is regularly preceded by the emergence of specific focal lesions composed of phenotypically altered cells. The pathobiology of these preneoplastic lesions was originally mainly elucidated in experimental models of chemical carcinogenesis. In the past few years, however, the large body of knowledge obtained in these models has been transferred to models of viral and hormonal carcinogenesis, and eventually also to human carcinogenesis. The comparative investigations revealed striking similarities in the sequence of cellular changes characterizing different preneoplastic cellular lineages in all species studied, including humans. The specific preneoplastic changes in the cellular phenotype were largely independent of the nature of the causative agents and suggest an early disturbance of cellular signal transduction cascades by the hormones or by hormone-like effects of the oncogenic agents. These results provide new approaches to primary and secondary prevention and, perhaps, also to the therapy of cancer [1]. Pathogenesis of Liver Cell Carcinoma
Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Differences in Hatchery-Reared and Wild Snake River Sockeye Salmon Overwintering in Nursery Lakes

Abstract In the artificial propagation program for endangered Snake River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, a portion of the F1 progeny (produced from spawning captive parents) are retained in the hatchery through maturation and spawning; the remaining progeny are reintroduced to nursery lakes in central Idaho at several life history stages (egg, presmolt, and smolt). In this study, the proximate and fatty acid compositions of sockeye salmon from presmolt releases were analyzed both at planting and at out-migration to assess their feeding success after overwintering in nursery lakes relative to that of overwintering wild fish. Hatchery-origin presmolts did not grow significantly over the winter. However, size and length were similar between hatchery-origin fish and wild out-migrants. Average percent whole-body lipid declined significantly in hatchery-origin sockeye salmon overwinter. Hatchery-origin out-migrants also had significantly lower whole-body lipid than wild counterparts migrating from Redfish L.
An Analysis of a Public School Prekindergarten Bilingual Montessori Program.

The purpose of our study was to analyze a public school prekindergarten Montessori bilingual program via the investigation of second grade reading achievement scores on a Spanish and an English norm-referenced test between two groups of students those who had participated in a prekindergarten Montessori bilingual program and those who had participated in a prekindergarten traditional bilingual program.
Daily Play at A Golf Course: Using Spreadsheet Simulation to Identify System Constraints

We present a spreadsheet-based simulation model of daily play at a golf course and how it can be used in teaching. The model represents the variability and interactions that impact pace of play on a golf course as measured by throughput rounds played and cycle time round length. The model predicts that most of the waiting time will occur on par 3 tee boxes. Alleviating this bottleneck by allowing the following group on par 3 holes to tee off while the group ahead is walking to the green, was shown to improve throughput by 13% without increasing cycle time. The model was developed using MS-Excel and @RISK, a Monte Carlo simulation package.
On the concept of condensation sink diameter

The condensation sink has turned out to be a useful concept in the evaluation of atmospheric aerosol dynamics. Particularly, using growth rates together with the condensation sink will help understanding the formation and growth processes of atmospheric aerosols. In this paper, we develop this formalism even further and introduce the concept of condensation sink diameter (CSD). It can be successfully used both when analyzing experimental data as well as in model calculations, especially when using simple multimodal monodisperse methods. The observed values of CSD for the whole distribution in Hyytiala are seen to be of the order 100 nm. The connection between number median diameter, surface area diameter and CSD is investigated in depth as well as the role of the CSD when designing model runs of atmospheric particle formation and growth.
Households’ Preference for Local Rice in the Upper East Region, Ghana

Considering the increasing demand in the rice industry, the study was undertaken to determine the factors influencing household preference for locally produced rice in the Upper East Region, Ghana. Primary data was obtained from a sample of 180 households with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Probit model and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were used to analyze the data. Significant socioeconomic factors include income, age, sex, and marital status, whereas the quality factors such as the absence of foreign materials, packaging, and aroma were also significant determinants of preference for local rice. The top three traits consumers consider in their choice for local rice were good-looking grains, excellent packaging, and absence of foreign materials in the rice. There was an evidence of an increased preference for quality local rice. Hence, increased investment in the rice value chain, particularly the processing stage where quality standards remain the topmost priority, will help boost consumers’ confidence in the local rice market.
Effect of prophylactic preoperative nursing interventions on prevention of endometritis among women undergoing elective caesarean delivery

Objective : The single most important risk factor for postpartum endometritis is cesarean delivery. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prophylactic preoperative nursing interventions on prevention of endometritis among women undergoing elective caesarean delivery. Methods : Setting: This study was conducted in Operating Rooms, Postnatal Wards and Clinics of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Mansoura University Hospital. Study Design: A randomized controlled clinical trial was utilized. Sample: A purposive sample of 150 parturient women undergoing elective cesarean section were randomly chosen according to inclusion criteria and then divided into three equal groups of 50 parturient women. Group one the control group received routine preoperative abdominal and thigh scrub with 10% Povidone Iodine and taken standard antibiotic regiment. There were two intervention groups; Group two participants received vaginal washing with 0.9% saline solution and group three participants received vaginal washing with 10% Povidone–iodine solution in addition to routine preoperative care. Results : The findings of this study revealed that the risk of developing post-elective caesarean delivery endometritis was significantly lower in the intervention groups compared to the control group ( P < .05). Conclusions : Vaginal washing with Povidone-iodine or saline solution immediately prior cesarean delivery significantly reduces the rate of post-elective caesarean delivery endometritis. Recommendation: Vaginal washing immediately prior to cesarean delivery should be a routine care to reduce the risk of postpartum endometritis.
A Study of the Effect of Financial Leverage on Earnings Response Coefficient through out Income Approach: Iranian Evidence

Corporations raise their equity by different methods. Decision making on the choice of better methods is a challenge most financial managers of corporations face. In particular, accounting earnings come with informative content. In companies with outstanding debt the reaction of stock prices to unexpected earnings will be affected by the firm's bankruptcy risk. This is because it is the bankruptcy risk that determines the mechanism for allocation of wealth change due to unexpected earnings among stockholders and bondholders. Thus, it is expected that financial leverage is influences the earnings response coefficient. In this paper the relationship between financial leverage and the earnings response coefficient is studied through an income approach. The aim of the study is to provide further evidence about factors influencing the earnings response coefficient. The study includes corporations listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Research data has been collected from the seven years period from 2002 to 2008, and data analysis was done using multiple regressions. Results indicate that the earnings response coefficient for the low-leverage firms group is larger than the high-leverage ones, with differences in the means among groups statistically significant.
Spoken and Typed Expressions of Repeated Attitudes: Matching Response Modes Leads to Attitude Retrieval versus Construction

Speaking and typing recruit different cognitive, motor, and perceptual systems that result in the encoding of differentiated memory traces. These factors did not affect the expression of stimulus-based attitudes. However, matching response modes resulted in more consistent repeated attitudes in experiment 1 and more predictable choice behaviors in experiment 2 than mismatching response modes. Judgment-confidence and recall data in experiment 3 indicate that matching (mismatching) response modes leads to attitude retrieval (construction). These findings are of growing relevance to marketers and opinion pollsters who assess attitudes expressed orally and, increasingly, in typed form over the Internet. (c) 2006 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
Analysis of efficiency in sugarcane production: the case of men and women headed households in SONY sugar out -grower zone, Rongo and Trans-Mara districts, Kenya

About one quarter of cane producers in SONY Outgrower Zone are women headed households. However, a number of studies have suggested that women in rural areas are more disadvantaged in terms of accessing education, land, credit, and extension services. If this is the case, women cane farmers would be expected to be less efficient compared to men farmers. Before this can be concluded, there was need to establish whether differences in economic efficiency between men and women headed households exist in cane growing. The objectives of the research were; to characterize men and women headed cane growing households, to evaluate the relationship between institutional factors and gender, and to determine the differences in economic efficiency between men and women managed sugarcane farms. A multi stage sampling procedure was employed to select 205 active sugarcane farmers. A dual parametric stochastic decomposition technique was employed to disaggregate the components of economic efficiency. FRONTIER 4.1 program was used to derive maximum likelihood estimates and farm level technical efficiencies. A two limit Tobit model was then used to determine the influence of selected socio-economic and institutional variables on farm level technical, allocative and economic efficiency. Results showed that men headed households had a mean technical efficiency of 67.6%, a mean allocative efficiency of 82.48% and a mean economic efficiency of 58.0%. Women headed households had a mean technical efficiency of 72.0%, a mean allocative efficiency of 83.15% and a mean economic efficiency of 62.5%. Land under sugarcane cultivation was the single most important contributor to farmers’ efficiency. Women managed farms were on average more technically, allocative and economically efficient than men managed farms. Membership to outgrower associations in addition to encouraging increase in human capital will be important in enhancing farmers’ efficiency.
A reassessment of stock market integration in SADC: the determinants of liquidity and price discovery in Namibia

The New Economic Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) focuses on the benefits of integrating many smaller African markets with South Africa as the central hub, motivated by a wish to attract foreign investment and increase the liquidity. However, little attention has been paid to issues regarding the migration of liquidity and the loss of the price discovery mechanism in an integrated union where one market dominates. This article reviews this policy using the example of Namibia, which is the first market to be fully integrated with South Africa. Several established liquidity constructs are compared to determine their ability to explain the bid–ask spread plus a newly introduced measure of the proportion of daily zero returns, which captures the dynamics of the price discovery process and traders’ ability to trade on informational grounds that is found to be more appropriate in highly illiquid frontier markets, such as Namibia. Finally, there is evidence that liquidity (and illiquidity) is closely linked to the rule of law and institutional quality measures of the control of corruption, while the price-discovery process (and hence trader participation in markets) is highly sensitive to the control of corruption, political stability and regulatory quality.
Elite formation in the higher education systems of Ireland and the UK: Measuring, comparing and decomposing longitudinal patterns of cabinet members.

The role of higher education systems in the formation and reproduction of governing elites, and their countervailing potential for the creation of a more egalitarian, or meritocratic, society, has been an enduring subject of concern, debate and research. Many of these debates are made all the more difficult by our inability to directly compare elite formation systems within and between countries and over time. To resolve these problems, this paper employs elite formation quantitative indices to directly and transparently compare elite formation systems, namely the role of higher education systems in political elite formation over three quarters of a century in two countries. Specifically, the paper compares the influence, exclusiveness and eliteness of the Irish and British higher education systems in the production of their respective governing political elites in the 75 years between 1937 and 2012.
Revisiting the ultraluminous supersoft source in M 101: an optically thick outflow model

The M101 galaxy contains the best-known example of an ultraluminous supersoft source (ULS), dominated by a thermal component at kT ~ 0.1 keV. The origin of the thermal component and the relation between ULSs and standard (broad-band spectrum) ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are still controversial. We re-examined the X-ray spectral and timing properties of the M101 ULS using archival Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. We show that the X-ray time-variability and spectral properties are inconsistent with standard disk emission. The characteristic radius R_{bb} of the thermal emitter varies from epoch to epoch between ~10,000 km and ~100,000 km; the colour temperature kT_{bb} varies between ~50 eV and ~140 eV; and the two quantities scale approximately as R_{bb} ~ T_{bb}^{-2}. In addition to the smooth continuum, we also find (at some epochs) spectral residuals well fitted with thermal plasma models and absorption edges: we interpret this as evidence that we are looking at a clumpy, multi-temperature outflow. We suggest that at sufficiently high accretion rates and inclination angles, the super-critical, radiatively driven outflow becomes effectively optically thick and completely thermalizes the harder X-ray photons from the inner part of the inflow, removing the hard spectral tail. We develop a simple, spherically symmetric outflow model and show that it is consistent with the observed temperatures, radii and luminosities. A larger, cooler photosphere shifts the emission peak into the far-UV and makes the source dimmer in X-rays but possibly ultraluminous in the UV. We compare our results and interpretation with those of Liu et al. (2013).
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) In Nigeria and Energy Development, Marketing and National Transformation

Education is considered by many as an agent of human development, social mobility and socio-economic development of any society. However, it is arguable that the type and quality of education a nation offers to its citizens is a function of the level of progression of that nation. In this context, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) has been recognized as the wide-diversified education system instrumental in making the remarkable contribution to economic growth of a country by a way of suitable manpower production relevant to the needs of industry, society and changing technological work environment. This paper explores the TVET situation for Nigeria for its transformation agenda with highlights on such factors as trends on TVET policies for human resource development, capacity building, energy development and professional marketing in the national transformation agenda. Keywords : Capacity building, energy development, human resource development, national transformation agenda, technical and vocational education and training,
Network Analysis of Cooperation in Tourism Destinations

Abstract Globalisation on the tourism market causes that the competition is not formed only between stakeholders in a destination, but more and more it is created among destinations. Therefore tourism stakeholders in a destination have to act together and cooperate. The cooperative behaviour of destination stakeholders is seen as a main prerequisite of applying the cooperative destination management, which influences the competitiveness of destination on tourism market. The aim of the paper is to analyse and measure cooperation of stakeholders in the selected destinations in Slovakia and Switzerland and to show the contribution of the network analysis to the quantitative research in tourism destinations. The article presents the network analysis of cooperation in product development and integrated marketing communication in the High Tatras, Liptov, Davos - Klosters and Engadin St. Moritz. The measurement of the cooperative behaviour helps to better understand the problems of cooperative destination management and creates a tool for comparing the destinations.
Ameliorative effect of Tamarindus indica l. leaf powder on haemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in Fluorotic cattle

The present experiment was conducted for the evaluation of the ameliorative effect of tamarind leaf powder (Tamarindus indica L.) in fluorotic cattle reared in vicinity of aluminium smelter plant. Thirty cattle with body weight around 250kg exhibiting chronic signs of fluorosis and ten healthy cattle from non fluorotic area were incorporated in the study. Fluorotic cattle were divided into three groups consisting of 10 cattle each. Group I from fluoride free area served as healthy control. The group II received no treatment and served as disease control. Group III and group IV was supplemented with tamarind leaf powder @15g and 30 g/day along with feed for a period of 60 days. Haemato-biochemical parameters along with erythrocytic oxidative stress parameters like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated in cattle of different groups. Significant alterations in haemato-biochemical parameters were observed in fluorotic cattle as compared to healthier ones. Marked increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was noted in fluorotic cattle as compared to healthy cattle. Supplementation of tamarind leaf powder @ 15 mg and 30 mg per kg per animal restored the haemato-biochemical parameters and reduced oxidative load after 60 days of experimental period. In conclusion the present study found that dried powder of Tamarindus indica leaf has ameliorative potential on management of fluorosis in cattle.
Comparative Effect of Participation in Different Sports on Quality of Life Perception by Inmates of Ilesa Prison in Osun State of Nigeria

Lack of empirical evidence on the influence of sports in the promotion of inmates’ quality of life and their rehabilitation is posing serious challenge to effective use of sports in correctional programmes. This study focused on the effects of different sports on the QOL among inmates in Ilesa Prison in Osun State of Nigeria. The study employed experimental pretest – posttest control research design. This study was carried out over a 10 week period at the Ilesa prison in Osun State, Nigerian. 140 inmates were selected for the study. The respondents were grouped into four sports- athletics, badminton, table-tennis and volleyball. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) was adapted and used to determine the QOL of inmates across different sport groups. The data collected on reported quality of life condition of inmates against the different categories of sport participation (athletics, badminton, table-tennis and volley-ball) were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression analysis and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine whether differences observed on the QOL perception of inmates and participation in different sports are significant. The findings showed that there is a relationship between participation in different sports and quality of life. The result of ANOVA showed that the calculated F-ratio of 12.865 for inmates perception of their quality of life after participation in different sports was significant at p=0.000 when tested at 0.05 level of significance. The results of multiple regression showed that quality of life of the prisoners’ increases as they participated in volley ball (β = 0.908), badminton (β = 1.321), Table Tennis (β = 1.521) and athletics (β = 7.401). It was concluded that participation in different sport presents similar and positive effect on the quality of life perception among inmates of Ilesa prison in Nigeria.
Effective transient stability assessment based on composite indices

This paper presents a new composite index to analyze power system transient stability. Contingency ranking in power system transient stability is a complicated and time consuming task. To prevail over this difficulty, various indices are used. These indices are based on the concept of coherency, transient energy conversion between kinetic and potential energy and three dot products of the system variables. It is well known that some indices work better than others for a particular power system. This paper along with test results using two practical 230 kV Sistan and 400 kV Khorasan power system in Iran, and 9 bus IEEE test system demonstrates that combination of indices provides better ranking than a single one. In this paper two composite indices (CI ) is presented and compared. One composite index is based on Least Mean Square algorithm (LMS) and other based on summing indices by equal weights. Numerical simulations of the developed index, demonstrate that composite index is more effective than other indices.
OWNERSHIP, CONTROL, VALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF BRAZILIAN CORPORATIONS

This paper analyzes the ownership and control structure of Brazilian companies and the effect of cash flow and voting rights on firm valuation and performance. Ownership is quite concentrated in Brazil with most companies being controlled by a single direct shareholder. We find evidence that non-voting shares and indirect control structures are largely used to concentrate control with reduced overall investment in the company. Our results support the hypothesis that firm valuation and performance are positively related to cash flow concentration, and negatively related to voting concentration and to the separation of voting from cash flow rights. Moreover, firm valuation and performance are relatively higher for firms with controlling shareholders when compared to firms without controlling