Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Pyridine Nucleotide Metabolism During Tomato Fruit Development Through Transcript and Protein Profiling

Central metabolism is the engine of plant biomass, supplying fruit growth with building blocks, energy, and biochemical cofactors. Among metabolic cornerstones, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is particularly pivotal for electron transfer through reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions, thus participating in a myriad of biochemical processes. Besides redox functions, NAD is now assumed to act as an integral regulator of signaling cascades involved in growth and environmental responses. However, the regulation of NAD metabolism and signaling during fruit development remains poorly studied and understood. Here, we benefit from RNAseq and proteomic data obtained from nine growth stages of tomato fruit (var. Moneymaker) to dissect mRNA and protein profiles that link to NAD metabolism, including de novo biosynthesis, recycling, utilization, and putative transport. As expected for a cofactor synthesis pathway, protein profiles failed to detect enzymes involved in NAD synthesis or utilization, except for nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (NaPT) and nicotinamidase (NIC), which suggested that most NAD metabolic enzymes were poorly represented quantitatively. Further investigations on transcript data unveiled differential expression patterns during fruit development. Interestingly, among specific NAD metabolism-related genes, early de novo biosynthetic genes were transcriptionally induced in very young fruits, in association with NAD kinase, while later stages of fruit growth rather showed an accumulation of transcripts involved in later stages of de novo synthesis and in NAD recycling, which agreed with augmented NAD(P) levels. In addition, a more global overview of 119 mRNA and 78 protein significant markers for NAD(P)-dependent enzymes revealed differential patterns during tomato growth that evidenced clear regulations of primary metabolism, notably with respect to mitochondrial functions. Overall, we propose that NAD metabolism and signaling are very dynamic in the developing tomato fruit and that its differential regulation is certainly critical to fuel central metabolism linking to growth mechanisms.
Nitric oxide mediates neuro-glial interaction that shapes Drosophila circadian behavior

Drosophila circadian behavior relies on the network of heterogeneous groups of clock neurons. Short- and long-range signaling within the pacemaker circuit coordinates molecular and neural rhythms of clock neurons to generate coherent behavioral output. The neurochemistry of circadian behavior is complex and remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that the gaseous messenger nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule linking circadian pacemaker to rhythmic locomotor activity. We show that mutants lacking nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have behavioral arrhythmia in constant darkness, although molecular clocks in the main pacemaker neurons are unaffected. Behavioral phenotypes of mutants are due in part to the malformation of neurites of the main pacemaker neurons, s-LNvs. Using cell-type selective and stage-specific gain- and loss-of-function of NOS, we also demonstrate that NO secreted from diverse cellular clusters affect behavioral rhythms. Furthermore, we identify the perineurial glia, one of the two glial subtypes that form the blood-brain barrier, as the major source of NO that regulates circadian locomotor output. These results reveal for the first time the critical role of NO signaling in the Drosophila circadian system and highlight the importance of neuro-glial interaction in the neural circuit output.
Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Vegetation Cover in a Diversity Hotspot for the Conservation of Brazilian Cerrado

This work investigates the spatial-temporal dynamics of land use and vegetation covers in a conservation area of Cerrado, in the county of Currais, Piauí, in which the economy depends on large agricultural projects. We used maps of a 32-year time series (1985 to 2017) of land use and cover provided by the Brazilian Annual Land Use and Land Cover Mapping Project (MapBiomas). We assessed six classes of land uses and vegetation covers: forest, savanna, grassland, agriculture/pasture, non-vegetated area, and water bodies. There was a fast increase in pressure on natural ecosystems from 1985 and 2017, primarily from 2000. The land use for agriculture and pasture increased from 0.26% (726.93 ha) in 2000 to 16% (50,772.63 ha) in 2017. During this period, the native vegetation decreased 15.90%, with savannas suffering the largest loss in hectares of vegetation (41,663.73 ha), followed by the forests (9,837.35 ha). The grassland cover, non-vegetated area, and water bodies remained unchanged. These results provide essential information for decision making and can be used to guide public policies for the conservation, monitoring, and sustainable management of remnant vegetation areas.
Intimate partner violence: A health-based perspective.

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Assistive technology solutions as mediators of equal outcomes for people living with disability

The thesis is concerned with equality of outcome for Australians living with impairment. From my standpoint as a practicing occupational therapist, assistive technology (AT) and environmental interventions (EI) as well as personal care or support (PC) can bring about equal outcomes by mediating the ‘gap’ caused by the effects of impairment and/ or disabling environments. Despite the efficacy of these strategies, a range of pragmatic constraints limit their effective provision. Three key inquiry areas, each with a set of research questions, have emerged from my practice: 1. How are impairment and disability understood? 1a. In what ways is disability different from the absence of disability? 1b. Does the presence of impairment or disability impact upon people’s life aspirations? 1c. What is the role of impairment effects and environmental barriers in creating disablement? 2. How do mediators bring about outcomes? 2a. Which strategies mediate impairment effects and disabling environmental barriers, and what relationship do they have to each other? 2b. What is the effectiveness of identified mediators? 3. What is the social contract between society and its citizens with impairments? 3a. How effective is government in delivering equality of outcome through the provision of mediators? 3b. What does government need to do to realise its obligations? The thesis intent is to generate useful knowledge with which to lever change, and thus improve equality of outcome for individuals requiring mediators to live their lives.
The Role of Environmental Heterogeneity in the Seed Rain Pattern

We focus on understanding the influence of environmental variables on ecological processes, and such a focus promotes an integrated view of forest ecological patterns. The following questions were made: Do variations in temperature, precipitation, litterfall deposition and light intensity influence the density and composition of seed rain in a stretch of the Montane Atlantic Rainforest? Is there a pattern for dispersal syndrome in Montane Atlantic,? Over a period of 12 months, the deposition patterns of seed rains were evaluated. Seed density and species richness correlated with temperature and precipitation, with species richness decreasing with increasing altitude and seed density increasing as a function of the light incidence. Seed rain followed a seasonal deposition pattern with higher seed density and species richness in the higher rainfall period. Increasing trend in seed density was found in mountainous areas with northern and northeastern aspects (higher light incidences).
Functional effects of chimeric antigen receptor co-receptor signaling domains in human Tregs

Antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CARs) are a potent immunosuppressive cellular therapy in multiple disease models. To date the majority of CAR Treg studies employed second generation CARs, encoding a CD28 or 4-1BB co-receptor signaling domain and CD3ζ, but it was not known if this CAR design was optimal for Tregs. Using an HLA-A2-specific CAR platform and human Tregs, we compared ten CARs with different co-receptor signaling domains and systematically tested their function. Tregs expressing a CAR encoding wild-type CD28 were markedly superior to all other CARs tested in an in vivo model of graft-versus-host disease. In vitro assays revealed stable expression of Helios and ability to suppress CD80 expression on DCs as key in vitro predictors of in vivo function. This comprehensive study of CAR signaling-domain variants in Tregs can be leveraged to optimize CAR design for use in antigen-specific Treg therapy.
Implementation of the national school nourishment program in the Brazilian Federal institution of Education of Bahia State

ABSTRACT: The Brazilian National School Nourishment Program (PNAE) is one of the strongest public policies of food and nutrition in the world. Besides guaranteeing free and high-quality meals to students in the basic public educational system, the PNAE also establishes that at least 30% of the resources passed on to the municipalities by the federal government should be destined for the acquisition of foodstuffs from family agriculture. However, the budget execution of the PNAE by Federal Institutes of Education has been challenging and limiting regarding the practicability of the acquisition of food from family farmers. In this study, we provided empirical evidence that constitutes an essential analytical approach still little explored in the literature, but capable of revealing operational barriers to the implementation of the program. The objective of this study was to describe the implementation and to understand the difficulties perceived by the agents responsible for the operationalization of the PNAE in the campuses of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia State (IF Baiano). Therefore, we collected secondary data from institutional documents, whereas the primary data were obtained by semi-structured interviews performed in ten campuses of IF Baiano and the rectory. We observed that in some years, the budget destined to PNAE returned without implementation, evidencing flaws in the resources management. Thus, we concluded that some challenges need to be overcome before the implementation of the Program in these Federal Institutions.
When a phenotype is not the genotype: Implications of phenotype misclassification and pedigree errors in genomics-assisted breeding of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]

Experimental error, especially through genotype misclassification and pedigree errors, negatively affects breeding decisions by creating ‘noise’ that compounds the genetic signals for selection. Unlike genotype-by-environment interactions, for which different methods have been proposed to address, the effect of ‘noise’ due to pedigree errors and misclassification has not received much attention in most crops. We used two case studies in sweetpotato, based on data from the International Potato Center’s breeding program to estimate the level of phenotype misclassification and pedigree error and to demonstrate the consequences of such errors when combining phenotypes with the respective genotypes. In the first case study, 27.7% phenotype misclassification was observed when moving genotypes from a diversity panel through in-vitro, screenhouse and field trialing. Additionally, 22.7% pedigree error was observed from misclassification between and within families. The second case study involving multi-environment testing of a full-sib population and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping showed reduced genetic correlations among pairs of environments in mega-environments with higher phenotype misclassification errors when compared to the mega-environments with lower phenotype misclassification errors. Additionally, no QTL could be identified in the low genetic correlation mega-environments. Simulation analysis indicated that phenotype misclassification was more detrimental to QTL detection when compared to missingness in data. The current information is important to inform current and future breeding activities involving genomic-assisted breeding decisions in sweetpotato, and to facilitate putting in place improved workflows that minimize phenotype misclassification and pedigree errors.
Conductive Education: Why Parents of Disabled Children Turned To An Alternative System of Care.

Conductive Education is a form of therapy for children with Cerebral Palsy and other disabilities. Many professional people have serious doubts about its effectiveness yet some parents of children with disabilities vote with their feet in its favour. This thesis sets out to examine why they did so. The basic hypothesis underlying the thesis is that parents become very frustrated with the quality of provision which they experience from statutory bodies and others and that Conductive Education, on the contrary, provides them with a much more satisfactory and effective form of therapy. A sub-text of this thesis is to examine the extent to which the parents decision to involve their children in Conductive Education represented a turning a different type of provision as opposed to a turnins a-from the statutory provision. The thesis proceeds in two sections. The first section comprises of interviews with six parents of children with Cerebral Palsy. This interview section discovers points in the development of the child in which parents experience often extreme difficulties. The second section of the thesis is a survey of forty-six similarly placed parents designed to ascertain to what extent a larger majority of parents experienced similar kinds of difficulties. The conclusion is that parents, in fact, turned to Conductive Education because of a perceived inadequacy of and extreme frustration with the quality of professional provision by the statutory authorities. They also, by comparision, perceived Conductive Education to be far more satisfactory in a variety of different ways. The thesis further establishes that this perception is not a comment on the merits or demerits of Conductive Education as a therapy or educational system, but merely records that parents perceive it to be far better than what is available by having recourse to statutory provision alone.
The heterogeneous functional architecture of the posteromedial cortex is associated with selective functional connectivity differences in Alzheimer's disease

The posteromedial cortex (PMC) is a key region involved in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated a heterogenous functional architecture of the region, with different subdivisions reflecting distinct connectivity profiles. However, little is understood about PMC functional connectivity and its differential vulnerability to AD pathogenesis. Using a data-driven approach, we applied a constrained independent component analysis (ICA) on healthy adults from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to characterise the distinct functional subdivisions and unique functional-anatomic connectivity patterns of the PMC. These connectivity profiles were subsequently quantified in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study, to examine functional connectivity differences in (1) AD patients and cognitively normal (CN) participants and (2) the entire AD pathological spectrum, ranging from CN participants and participants with subjective memory complaints (SMC), through to those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and finally, patients diagnosed with AD. Our findings revealed decreased functional connectivity in the anterior precuneus, dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, and the central precuneus in AD patients compared to CN participants. Functional abnormalities in these subdivisions were also related to high amyloid burden and lower hippocampal volumes. Across the entire AD spectrum, functional connectivity of the central precuneus was associated with disease progression and specific deficits in memory and executive function. These findings provide new evidence showing that specific vulnerabilities in PMC functional connectivity are associated with large-scale network disruptions in AD and that these patterns may be useful for elucidating potential biomarkers for measuring disease progression in future work.
Intestinal parasitic infection in wild animals of a zoological garden in Alborz, Iran

Here we studied the intestinal parasites in animals at a zoological garden in Alborz, Iran. A total of 83 fecal samples from various captive wild animals, consisting of 21 different species were collected randomly and analyzed for the presence of the different stages of parasites by direct smear preparation and zinc sulfate flotation followed by Ziel-Neelsen staining method. The examined animals in this study consist of 7 species of carnivores (26 samples), 10 species of herbivores (46 samples), and 4 species of different groups of birds (11 samples). Examination of fecal samples revealed that 22 (26.50%) of animals, that belonging to 7 animal species, were infected with different intestinal parasites. Among gastrointestinal parasites positive captive wild animals 18 samples (21.68 %) belong to herbivores and 4 samples (4.81 %) to Aves. Among captive wild animals the prevalence of parasites was higher in herbivores (21.68%) followed by Aves (4.81). Results indicated that out of 22 animal samples that parasites were encountered, 14 (16.86%) were infected with helminths (Trichuris spp., Nematodirus spp., Ascaridia galli and some unknown Nematodes eggs) and 8 (9.63%) were infected with protozoa (Oocysts of Eimeria sp.). In the conclusion, it could be resulted that there is a need of control measures against the spread of infectious parasitic diseases among animals within the zoo .
Transition from Background Selection to Associative Overdominance Promotes Diversity in Regions of Low Recombination

Linked selection is a major driver of genetic diversity. Selection against deleterious mutations removes linked neutral diversity (background selection, BGS, Charlesworth et al. 1993), creating a positive correlation between recombination rates and genetic diversity. Purifying selection against recessive variants, however, can also lead to associative overdominance (AOD, Ohta 1971, Zhao & Charlesworth, 2016), due to an apparent heterozygote advantage at linked neutral loci that opposes the loss of neutral diversity by BGS. Zhao & Charlesworth (2016) identified the conditions when AOD should dominate over BGS in a single-locus model and suggested that the effect of AOD could become stronger if multiple linked deleterious variants co-segregate. We present a model describing how and under which conditions multi-locus dynamics can amplify the effects of AOD. We derive the conditions for a transition from BGS to AOD due to pseudo-overdominance (Ohta & Kimura 1970), i.e. a form of balancing selection that maintains complementary deleterious haplotypes that mask the effect of recessive deleterious mutations. Simulations confirm these findings and show that multi-locus AOD can increase diversity in low recombination regions much more strongly than previously appreciated. While BGS is known to drive genome-wide diversity in humans (Pouyet et al. 2018), the observation of a resurgence of genetic diversity in regions of very low recombination is indicative of AOD. We identify 21 such regions in the human genome showing clear signals of multi-locus AOD. Our results demonstrate that AOD may play an important role in the evolution of low recombination regions of many species.
The ISO 9000 documentation toolkit

65364-2 If your business supplies production or service parts to one of the major US auto manufacturers, you must comply with QS 9000. The worksheets and software in The QS 9000 Documentation Toolkit will guide you step by step through developing the complete quality procedures required for ISO 9000 and QS 9000, Level B. The QS 9000 Documentation Toolkit supports the following QS 9000 documents from the Automotive Industry Action Group: *Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan Reference Manual. *Production Part Approval Process. Developing quality procedures requires you to understand all aspects of your product development system. This book will help you take a team approach to covering all aspects of the process, including responsibilities, production, record keeping, and follow-up. The form of these worksheets facilitates team discussion with questions and checklists that elicit the vital information you need to complete your documentation. Special notes identify the differences between ISO 9000 and QS 9000 in the forms. 23 full worksheets cover such procedures as: *Contract Review. *Design Control. *Process Control. *Production Part Approval. * Non-Conforming Products. *Packaging and Delivery. *Quality Records. *Continuous Improvement. The QS 9000 Documentation Toolkit also provides a straightforward guide to creating conformant quality procedures and submitting them for ISO approval.
Predicting transfer students' selection of a STEM major and academic adjustment: A study of community college students at a midwestern university

This research project investigated differences between transfer students choosing STEMand non-STEM-related majors, determined the factors affecting a transfer student’s choice of a STEMor non-STEM-related major, and examined differences in academic adjustment between STEM and non-STEM students. The results suggest differences in the background characteristics of students with non-STEM and those with STEM majors. Parental income of students with STEM majors was lower and students with STEM majors were primarily male. Students in STEM-related majors at Iowa State University (ISU) had more credits in calculus, chemistry, and environmental science. Furthermore, this academic preparation was a significant predictor of the transfer student’s choice to enter a STEM-related major at ISU. An important distinction in this research was the predictive value of the L-TSQ variable community college course learning in a student’s choice of a STEM-related major. Transfer students who reported their community college course experience had them fitting together different facts and thinking about practical applications were more likely to enter a STEM-related field at ISU. An examination of students switching between non-STEM and STEM majors revealed a small group of students who initially entered as non-STEM but subsequently changed to STEM. Six out of the 10 students who switched from non-STEM to STEM majors chose the Management Information Systems major, yet they had not completed as many mathematics and science courses in their community college setting as had students with STEM majors. Social adjustment, transfer student experience, and experiences with community college faculty all point to a level of engagement supported and facilitated