Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Themes in participants’ understandings of meaning in their Most Recent Dreams: Worries, relationships, and symbolism

Summary. The ways in which individuals construct meaning in their dreams may be influenced by well-known psychological theories, popular understandings of dream meaning, or religious interpretations of dream meaning, but little research so far has been conducted investigating the kinds of meaning people ascribe to their dreams. The present study aimed to paint a snapshot picture of individuals’ understandings of one of their own dreams. Participants (N=106) reported their Most Recent Dream and answered the open-ended question “What do you think this dream is about, or means? ”. Data were analysed with inductive thematic analysis. Six major themes were created, all of which pertained to how the dream related to participants’ own waking lives: 1) Worries and Emotions; 2) Relationships; 3) Work and Studies; 4) Events and Situations; 5) Desiring, Wanting, and Longing; and 6) Symbolism. Further analyses were conducted to investigate whether there were any noticeable differences between participants who saw symbolic relations between their waking life and their dream (N=25), and those who saw only literal relations with waking life (N=46). It was found that symbolic interpreters had more trait thought suppression, more aggression/violence in their dream, more intense emotions in their dream, and more continuity between their dream and their waking-life emotions, than literal interpreters. Difficulties around and suggestions for researching dream symbolism are discussed.
Organic Pesticides Concentration in Water, Sediments and Fish Tissues obtained from Ogbakiri River in the Niger-Delta Region, Nigeria and Its Health Implication on Human Consumption

Organic pesticides concentrations in tissues of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (catfish) and Liza falcipinis (mullet) sampled from Ogbakiri River, Niger Delta, Nigeria were investigated to find out the extent of pesticide contamination in the river and its possible health implication on human consumption assessed. Pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The concentration of pesticides ranged from 0.0010±0.0001 to 0.0095±0.0002 µg/l and 0.0007±0.0001 to 0.0110±0.0002µg/g in water and sediments, respectively. Similarly, pesticides concentration in fish tissues ranged from 0.0002±0.0001 to 0.0185±0.0002µg/g and 0.0003±0.0001 to 0.0098±0.0002µg/g in liver and muscle respectively. Moreso, to assess health risk concerns, the measure concentrations of pesticide residues were compared with regulatory benchmarks. Risk hazard estimates of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes, Chlordanes, hexachlorobenzene in the studied fishes showed no potential adverse effect to human consumption at the observed concentrations. The cancer risk was also evaluated according to the guideline as stipulated by USEPA and was within acceptable risk range of 10-4. Thus exposed populations are not at cancer risk through consumption of fish from this river.
Deviation of International Practical Temperatures from Thermodynamic Temperatures in the Temperature Range from 273.16 K to 730 K

The range over which thermodynamic temperatures have been realized by gas thermometry at the NBS has been extended to 730 K. The results are preserved by measuring the corresponding international practical temperatures. The difference between them is expressed as the following polynomial: T/K−T68/K68=−120,887.784/T682+1213.53295/T68−4.3159552+6.44075647×10−3T68−3.56638846×10−6T682which is valid in the range 273 to 730 K. The difference found and the estimated uncertainties at the three defining fixed points in the range covered are t(°C) T/K–T68/K68 Uncertainty Random (99% confidence limits) Systematic 100 −0.0252 ±0.0018 ±0.00054 231.9681 −0.0439 ±0.0022 ±0.0015 419.58 −0.0658 ±0.0028 ±0.0028
Ebullition of oxygen from seagrasses under supersaturated conditions

Gas ebullition from aquatic systems to the atmosphere represents a potentially important fraction of primary production that goes unquantified by measurements of dissolved gas concentrations. Although gas ebullition from photosynthetic surfaces has often been observed, it is rarely quantified. The resulting underestimation of photosynthetic activity may significantly bias the determination of ecosystem trophic status and estimated rates of biogeochemical cycling from in situ measures of dissolved oxygen. Here, we quantified gas ebullition rates in Zostera marina meadows in Virginia, U.S.A. using simple funnel traps and analyzed the oxygen concentration and isotopic composition of the captured gas. Maximum hourly rates of oxygen ebullition (3.0 mmol oxygen m−2 h−1) were observed during the coincidence of high irradiance and low tides, particularly in the afternoon when oxygen and temperature maxima occurred. The daily ebullition fluxes (up to 11 mmol oxygen m−2 d−1) were roughly equivalent to net primary production rates determined from dissolved oxygen measurements indicating that bubble ebullition can represent a major component of primary production that is not commonly included in ecosystem‐scale estimates. Oxygen content comprised 20–40% of the captured bubble gas volume and correlated negatively with its δ18O values, consistent with a predominance of mixing between the higher δ18O of atmospheric oxygen in equilibrium with seawater and the lower δ18O of oxygen derived from photosynthesis. Thus, future studies interested in the metabolism of highly productive, shallow water ecosystems, and particularly those measuring in situ oxygen flux, should not ignore the bubble formation and ebullition processes described here.
The Geochemistry of Ash From the Combustion of Energy Grasses

Summary The ash obtained by combustion of energy grasses (five cultivars, three hybrids and clover-grass mixture) was studied by mineralogical and geochemical methods. X-ray diffraction was used for mineralogical phase analysis, electron microprobe for analysis of chemical composi tion of ash particles. Ash melting temperatures were determined and discussed in relationship to phosphorus concentrations.
Earnings inequality and informal employment in Russia 1

In this paper, we explore the relationship between informality and earnings inequality using the RLMS-HSE data for 2000-2010. We find that during the whole period earnings inequality was substantially higher in the informal sector. Informality increases the earnings polarization widening both tails of the wage distribution. Nonetheless, inequality has declined in both formal and informal sectors. In the formal sector, changes in the distribution of monthly earnings between 2000 and 2010 were mainly generated by changes in the distribution of hourly earnings. In the informal sector, reduction of variation in monthly earnings went through two channels: declining differences in hourly rates and considerable compositional shifts within the informal sector. The results point at importance of distributional analysis of earnings gaps and explicit accounting for the sector choice.
GENE EXPRESSION RESPONSE OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA TO INOCULATION WITH PECTOBACTERIUM CAROTOVORUM subsp. CAROTOVORUM

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) is a soft rot bacterial pathogen of a wide range of plant hosts. Under pathogen attack, plants respond locally as well as systemically by activating a broad spectrum of defense mechanisms. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) as a response following inoculation of plants with Pcc is still poorly understood. Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we investigated the molecular basis of SAR following inoculation with Pcc. Five-week-old A. thaliana plants were inoculated with a lysogeny broth culture of Pcc, and leaves were sampled 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation. The expression profiles of the plant defense genes: serine/threonine kinases, F-box, protease inhibitor, pathogenesis-related protein 1, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, Myb transcription factor, superoxide dismutase 1 and lipoxygenase were determined by real-time PCR to unveil the SAR mechanism after 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation. The results revealed that Pcc inoculation triggered a genetic response in A. thaliana, which resulted in the differential expression of these selected plant defense genes. This suggests that these genes play an important role in the mechanism of response to Pcc.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF STIRRED YOGHURT FORTIFIED WITH DESERT TRUFFLE

Different kinds of natural food ingredients could be in making yoghurt to produce palatable and more healthy fermented milk. Desert truffle is a popular nutritious food that showed a work was to produce healthy yoghurt supplemented with dessert truffle powder (DTP). Stirred yoghurt was prepared from cow’s milk standardized to 3% fat and supplemented with dried DTP at levels of 1, 3 and 5% prior to inoculation with yoghurt culture. Resultant stirred yoghurt was analyzed when fresh and after 3, 6, and 9 days of the cold storage. Chemical composition of yoghurt milk showed an increased protein and total solids contents. Stirred yoghurt with DTP showed a reduction in both apparent viscosity as well as syneresis during storage period. Sensory evaluation revealed that 1% DTP is the most acceptable stirred yoghurt compared to 3 and 5% DTP treatments. There was a correlation between content of phenolic compounds in stirred yoghurt and both quantity of DTP and antioxidant activity. In sum, a healthy stirred yoghurt can be produced by addition of DTP which increased content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the stirred yoghurt. The highest sensory scores were accounted for 1% DTP.
Identification of cointegrating relations in I(2) vector autoregressive models

This paper discusses identification within a new parametrization for I(2) systems, where the integral and proportional control cointegrating relations are not necessarily orthogonal. The new parametrization, while equivalent to previously proposed ones, gives more flexibility in choosing the variables to include in first differences in the integral and proportional control term. We discuss the joint identification of the cointegrating relations, providing rank and order conditions. We discuss likelihood estimation, and propose a simple alternating algorithm for likelihood-maximization, under the cases of under- exact- and over-identification. An illustration on US consumption is also
Inhibitory and Facilitatory Cueing Effects: Competition between Exogenous and Endogenous Mechanisms

Inhibition of return is characterized by delayed responses to previously attended locations when the cue-target onset asynchrony (CTOA) is long enough. However, when cues are predictive of a target’s location, faster reaction times to cued as compared to uncued targets are normally observed. In this series of experiments investigating saccadic reaction times, we manipulated the cue predictability to 25% (counterpredictive), 50% (nonpredictive), and 75% (predictive) to investigate the interaction between predictive endogenous facilitatory (FCEs) and inhibitory cueing effects (ICEs). Overall, larger ICEs were seen in the counterpredictive condition than in the nonpredictive condition, and no ICE was found in the predictive condition. Based on the hypothesized additivity of FCEs and ICEs, we reasoned that the null ICEs observed in the predictive condition are the result of two opposing mechanisms balancing each other out, and the large ICEs observed with counterpredictive cueing can be attributed to the combination of endogenous facilitation at uncued locations with inhibition at cued locations. Our findings suggest that the endogenous activity contributed by cue predictability can reduce the overall inhibition observed when the mechanisms occur at the same location, or enhance behavioral inhibition when the mechanisms occur at opposite locations.
Relationship Marketing Strategies for Dominant Brands

One of the benefits of being the first firm to market is the opportunity to establish a dominant position that allows the producer to earn above average profits by extracting concessions from downstream channel members eager to add the popular new product to their offering. Unfortunately, this approach not only attracts competitors, but also provides them a mechanism for attack. Absent a positive relationship among channel members, retailers and distributors may decide to shift emphasis to competing lines to reduce their dependence on the dominant brand. This study quantifies the potential loss of market share that may result from poor relationship quality. The attitudes of retailers are examined to determine the extent to which their perceptions of positive/negative supplier relationships affect key marketing actions. Outcomes measured in this research include the retailer’s desired share of purchases for a brand and the percent of occasions the retailer recom-mends the producer's brand to end consumers. The brands’ relative profitability as well as the brands’ performance level on expected marketing variables are taken into consideration.
Effects of powder from white cabbage outer leaves on sponge cake quality

Abstract The main objective of this study was to develop high fibre cakes utilizing and valorising cabbage by-products - cabbage outer leaves. Cabbage outer leaves were dried and milled in order to produce cabbage leaf powder. The cabbage leaf powder was added at 0, 10, 20% into sponge cake. All of the samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis and sensory evaluation. Methods of descriptive sensory analysis were used for a comparative analysis of the sponge cakes with cabbage leaf powder and the cake without cabbage leaf powder. Addition of cabbage leaf powder in sponge cakes significantly affected the cake volume and textural properties. Springiness of cakes with cabbage leaf powder and crumb tenderness were lower, while the structure was stable at high loads, as expressed by lower shrinkage in comparison with the control cake. The nutritional value of the sponge cakes with cabbage leaf powder was lower than the control cake. The cells cakes modified by cabbage leaf powder were smaller and almost equal, uniformly distributed in the crumb, and at the same time had thicker walls. The cakes with addition of cabbage leaf powder showed the springiness and their crumb tenderness were lower, while their structure was stable at high loads. Control cake showed higher water-absorbing capacity compared to the cakes with 10 and 20% cabbage leaf powder.
Towards Simulation of Clogging Effects in Wastewater Pumps: Modelling of Fluid Forces on a Fiber of Bonded Particles using a Coupled CFD-DEM Approach

April 10-15, 2016 Abstract Clogging in wastewater pumps is often caused by textile and other fibrous materials in the wastewater. As a step towards developing a methodology using the CFD-DEM approach for simulation of clogging effects, a fiber model consisting of a string of bonded DEM particles is developed in the software EDEM and coupled (two-way momentum exchange) to the CFD software ANSYS Fluent. The number of particle segments forming the fiber as well as the properties of fiber density and fiber stiffness are changed to identify the influnce of these properties on the fiber motion in shear flow. A change of density from 500 kg/m3 to 5000 kg/m3 strongly affects the motion of the fiber, while a change of the stiffness of the bonds between the spherical particles from 1e7 to 1e9 has less influence on the fiber motion. The results of using 20 and 50 fiber segments respectively are similar in the first period of simulation, but the deviation between the two cases increase with time. The difference may be caused by the difference in fiber aspect ratio in the two cases. The influence of fiber properties on fiber motion has been analysed quantitatively and compared to fiber orbit types presented in literature [8],[11]. The results show that fiber motion similar to the motion presented in literature is obtained using a coupling between EDEM and ANSYS Fluent.
Investigation of the hydrolysis of plutonium(IV) by a combination of spectroscopy and redox potential measurements

The hydrolysis of tetravalent plutonium in 0.5 M HCl/NaCl has been investigated by a combination of spectroscopy and redox potential measurements in the concentration range from 10-5 to 4×10-4 M and at pHc 0.3–2.1. Redox potentials were both measured and calculated from the plutonium oxidation state distributions using well-known equilibrium constants for the redox reactions of plutonium. The plutonium oxidation states in solution were quantified by spectroscopy. The pe values calculated from the plutonium redox couples Pu(V)/Pu(VI) and PuO2(am,hyd)/Pu(V) were found to be consistent with the measured pe values whereas those calculated from the Pu(III)/Pu(IV) couple were found to deviate, suggesting that the formation constants selected in recent reviews for the mononuclear hydroxide complexes of Pu(IV) are overestimated. Combining the redox potentials and the spectroscopically determined Pu(III) and Pu(IV) concentrations, the formation constants of the first, second, and third mononuclear hydroxide complexes Pu(OH)n4- n at I=0.5 M and 23 ± 2 °C are calculated and corrected to zero ionic strength using the specific ion interaction theory (SIT): log β°11 = 14.0 ± 0.2, logβ°12 = 26.8 ± 0.6, and log β°13 = 38.9 ± 0.9.
Competition, Reputation and Compliance

This paper displays a linear demand oligopoly model, in which firms endogenously decide whether to enter the market and whether to specialize on high or low quality products, and then repeatedly interact to sell experience goods. It shows that the intuition that low and rising prices grant compliance with quality promises extends to this setting, provided that high quality is sufficiently important to buyers.
Caracterizacion de la miel de Galicia a traves del analisis polinico

Se han estudiado desde el punto de vista melisopalinologico 425 mieles producidas en 33 comarcas gallegas de las provincias de la coruna, lugo y pontevedra con el fin de caracterizar las mieles gallegas y conseguir una correcta denominacion de calidad. La metodologia utilizada esta basada en la propuesta por louveaux, maurizio y vorwhol, 1978. El analisis cualitativo se realiza con preparaciones de polen acetolizado y el analisis cuantitativo e indice de mielada se calcula a partir del recuento en una camara de contaje de globulos blancos de tipo "thoma". Se han contado e identificado 550.000 granos de polen agrupados en 129 tipos polinicos. En cuanto a la caracterizacion de las mieles gallegas indicar que sus espectros polinicos estan formados por combinaciones de los polenes: castanea sativa, eucalyptus, rubus, t. Cytisus, erica, t. Trifolium, echium, t. Lotus, t. Campanula, centaurea y quercus cuya suma supone mas del 90% de los polenes presentes en las mieles gallegas. En estas mieles destaca la ausencia o baja presencia de polenes comunes para otras mieles espanolas como: helianthus annuus, lavandula stoechas, cistus ladanifer, olea europaea, hedysarum coronarium y diplotaxis erucoides. Se han tipificado 67 mieles monoflorales de castanea sativa, 61 mieles monoflorales de eucalyptus, 35 mieles monoflorales de rubus, 10 mieles monoflorales de erica y 6 mieles monoflorales de t. Cytisus. Las 246 mieles restantes son mieles milflores.
Gut microbiome diversity detected by high-coverage 16S and shotgun sequencing of matched stool and colon biopsy samples

The gut microbiome has a fundamental role in human health and disease. However, studying the complex structure and function of the gut microbiome using next generation sequencing is challenging and prone to reproducibility problems due to the heterogeneity of sample sets. Here, we obtained cross-sectional colon biopsies and faecal samples from nine participants in our COLSCREEN study and sequenced them in high coverage using Illumina pair-end shotgun (for faecal samples) and IonTorrent 16S (for paired feces and colon biopsies) technologies. The metagenomes consisted of between 47 and 92 million reads per sample and the targeted sequencing covered more than 300K reads per sample across seven hypervariable regions of the 16S gene. Our data is freely available and coupled with code for the presented metagenomic analysis using up-to-date bioinformatics algorithms. These results will add up to the informed insights into designing comprehensive microbiome analysis and also provide data for further testing for unambiguous gut microbiome analysis.
Patulin analysis of some organic dried fruits samples by HPLC-DAD

Fruits and vegetables present almost ideal conditions for the survival and development of many microorganisms. Berries are well known as fruits that have a very short shelf life after harvesting, mainly due to spoilage microorganisms, mostly fungi. Therefore, drying represents a usual technique used to preserve some of the nutritional and quality parameters of fresh berries, such as color, aroma, vitamin content, etc. In this study patulin concentration was determined for dried organic berries (bilberries and cranberries). Various pretreatment methods were used before drying. The results showed that patulin was not detected, regardless of the used drying or pretreatment process.
The Function of FGFR 1 Signalling in the Spinal Cord : Therapeutic Approaches Using FGFR 1 Ligands after Spinal Cord Injury

Extensive research is ongoing that concentrates on finding therapies to enhance CNS regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) and to cure paralysis. This review sheds light on the role of the FGFR pathway in the injured spinal cord and discusses various therapies that use FGFR activating ligands to promote regeneration after SCI. We discuss studies that use peripheral nerve grafts or Schwann cell grafts in combination with FGF1 or FGF2 supplementation. Most of these studies show evidence that these therapies successfully enhance axon regeneration into the graft. Further they provide evidence for partial recovery of sensory function shown by electrophysiology and motor activity evidenced by behavioural data. We also present one study that indicates that combination with additional, synergistic factors might further drive the system towards functional regeneration. In essence, this review summarises the potential of nerve and cell grafts combined with FGF1/2 supplementation to improve outcome even after severe spinal cord injury.
The effect of habitat choice on evolutionary rescue in subdivided populations

Evolutionary rescue is the process by which a population, in response to an environmental change, successfully avoids extinction through adaptation. In spatially structured environments, dispersal can affect the probability of rescue. Here, we model an environment consisting of patches that degrade one after another, and we investigate the probability of rescue by a mutant adapted to the degraded habitat. We focus on the effects of dispersal and of immigration biases. We find that the probability of evolutionary rescue can undergo up to three phases: (i) starting from low dispersal rates, it increases with dispersal; (ii) at intermediate dispersal rates, it decreases; (iii) finally, at large dispersal rates, the probability of rescue increases again with dispersal, except if mutants are too counter-selected in not-yet-degraded patches. The probability of rescue is generally highest when mutant and wild-type individuals preferentially immigrate into patches that have already undergone environmental change. Additionally, we find that mutants that will eventually rescue the population most likely first appear in non-degraded patches, and that the relative contribution of standing genetic variation vs. de-novo mutations declines with increasing emigration rates. Overall, our results show that habitat choice, when compared to the often studied unbiased immigration scheme, can substantially alter the dynamics of population survival and adaptation to new environments.