Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
After the goldrush: deconstructing the myths of the dot.com market

Many would claim that the development of electronic commerce is reshaping almost all industries, even to the extent that we are undergoing a paradigm shift. This enthusiasm represents a speculative bubble, what economists would describe as ‘mania’, as we witness increasing numbers of firms embracing the need for an on-line presence, despite the absence of both profits and sales. The recent turn of events, which is referred to as the ‘dot.com implosion’, indicates that the rapid profit growth that was initially projected is unlikely to be achieved by many. As the technology markets have crashed along with a number of high-profile dot.com collapses, numerous investors have almost turned off from funding this sector. This should come as little surprise. What is of interest is why myriad investors were drawn into financially supporting these start-ups in the first instance. This paper aims to focus on the concept of business-to-consumer commerce and uses mythology for providing some explanation as to why so many investors were lured into participating in the dot.com share bubble.
The impact of health and health insurance literacy on access to care for Hispanic/Latino communities

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of health literacy (HL) and health insurance literacy (HIL) on health insurance status and access to health care services for Spanish-speaking communities living in Massachusetts. METHODS A total of 139 surveys (descriptive, knowledge-based HIL questions, and Short Assessment of Health Literacy in Spanish) and 30 semi-structured interviews were collected and analyzed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The majority of participants had inadequate HL (56%) and HIL (93%). There were differences in HL scores (t = 4.1; p < .0001) between the insured (M = 12.3, SD = 5.7) and uninsured (M = 7.9, SD = 6.7) and differences (t = 1.9; p = .05) between those with adequate HIL (M = 14.3, SD = 4.3) and inadequate HIL (M = 10.2, SD = 6.6). Participants who were uninsured (MW U = 37.6; p < .0001) and who had inadequate HL (MW U = 5.2; p = .02) were more likely to have never accessed health care in the U.S. Participants who had never accessed health care were 93% less likely to be insured and those with adequate HL were three times more likely to be insured. CONCLUSIONS Health literacy and HIL are closely associated with insurance status and access to health care for Spanish-speaking communities, indicating the need for further research and enhanced public health efforts to improve knowledge and awareness around navigating health care systems.
Sexual attraction to clients. The human therapist and the (sometimes) inhuman training system.

ABSTIL 4CT: Although we currently possess considerable in tbrmation about the incidence and consequences of sexually intimate relationships between psychotherapists and clients, there is virtually no documentation of the extent to which ps)rhotherapists are sexually attracted to clients, how they react to and handle such fi, elings, and the degree to which their training is adequate in this regard. "Feelings" toward clients are generally relegated to vague and conflicting discussions of countertransference, without benefit of systematic research. Survey data from 5 75 psychotherapists reveal that 8 7% (95% of men, 76% of wometO have been sexually attracted to their clients, at least on occasion, and that, although only a minorio' (9.4% of men and 2.5% of women) have acted out such feelings, many (63% )Jkel guilt)', anxious, or confitsed about the attraction. About half of the respondents did not receive an)' guidance or training concerning this issue, and only 9% reported that their training or supervision was adequate, hnplications fi~r the development of educational resources to address this subject are discussed.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Tobacco Cessation Among Indian Dentists.

PURPOSE To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding tobacco cessation among dentists in Hyderabad city, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 264 dentists registered in the local Indian Dental Association branch, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. The questionnaire comprised of 35 items and used a five-point Likert scale to assess tobacco use prevention and cessation counseling. RESULTS The majority of the study participants were females (55.7%) with a mean age of 29.9 ± 7.5 years. No significant gender difference was observed for any of the mean domain scores. A statistically significant difference was noted between age groups in the 'Knowledge' domain, 'professional role and identity' item (P = 0.03) vs the 'Practice' domain, 'social influences' item (P = 0.05) with 40+ years having a higher mean score (6.5 ± 1.5). In terms of the education, those possessing Bachelor's of Dental Science had a significantly higher mean score (10.8 ± 2.2) for the 'Attitude' question 'belief about consequences' (P = 0.05) than did those with a Master's degree. The reported barriers were insufficient reimbursement (48.1%), lack of tobacco-related self-help material/pamphlets for patients (46.5%) and lack of patient motivation to receive tobacco cessation counseling (43.6%). CONCLUSION In the present study, although dentists possessed knowledge about tobacco cessation, it was not adequate. Dental professionals play an important role in educating patients regarding the oral health risks of tobacco use and motivating them to quit.
Early predictors of self‐regulation in middle childhood

The present study examined the contribution of caregiving practices at ages 4-5 (Time 1) to children's capacity for self regulation at ages 8-9 (Time 2). The multi- ethnic sample comprised 549 children of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) participants. High levels of maternal warmth and low levels of physically punitive discipline at Time 1 were associated with a greater capacity for self-regulation at Time 2. These associations remained signifi cant once initial levels of self-regulation were taken into account, indicating that the development of self-regulation is open to caregiver infl uence during childhood. Neither child gender nor ethnicity moderated the effects of early parenting practices on later self-regulation; the interaction between low maternal warmth and high discipline was also non-signifi cant. Findings add to the literature on how early parenting practices shape children's capacity for effective self-regulation, and have implications for researchers and practitioners.
A comparison of immunohistochemical markers of cell proliferation with experimentally determined growth fraction

The relationship between immunoreactivity for cell proliferation markers (Ki67 and PCNA) and the growth fraction as determined by the fraction of labelled mitoses method was assessed in xenograft tumours grown from the LoVo cell line in nude mice. FLM curves were constructed by injecting tritiated thymidine and then preparing autoradiographs from the tumours. From this data an estimate of growth fraction and cell cycle time were made. Using frozen material from the same tumours, the Ki67 index was determined by immunostaining. PCNA staining was determined in the fixed material which had been used for the autoradiographs. The results show that Ki67 staining follows the same trend as the FLM‐determined growth fraction as the tumour increases in size and the rate of growth decreases. However the Ki67 index does produce a consistent overstimate of the growth fraction in this in‐vivo system, as compared to observations in cell culture. PCNA staining showed virtually 100 per cent positive staining in all the tumours, which is likely to reflect the long half‐life of the antigen, compared to the very fast cell‐cycle time of the xenograft tumours. These results show that staining with proliferation markers is not a precise determinant of growth fraction. Ki67 staining is a method that can be usefully applied as an operational marker of cell proliferation, but should not be used uncritically. Further caution is necessary in the use of PCNA. The findings also demonstrate the need to use a range of methods when assessing a new proliferation marker.
Analysis of Coupled Planar Helices with Straight-Edge Connections for Application in Millimeter-Wave TWTs

Two different types of coupled planar helix structures with straight-edge connections (PH-SECs), namely, an unconnected pair and a coaxial pair of planar helices, are proposed and analyzed in the context of application in millimeter-wave traveling-wave tubes. It is shown that the nature of the propagating modes, dispersion characteristics, field distribution, and coupling impedance for the proposed structures can be obtained as special cases of a generic structure that consists of four parallel infinite unidirectionally conducting screens. For both the coupled planar helix structures, the results based on simple analytical approximations of the generic structure match well with the simulation results. As an application of these structures, simulation results are presented to show that the unconnected pair of planar helices has a reduced interaction with backward waves compared with that for a corresponding single planar helix. The proposed PH-SECs offer easier fabrication using printed-circuit or microfabrication techniques compared with their circular counterparts.
Monolithic Multistage Optoelectronic Switch Circuit Routing 160 Gb/s Line-Rate Data

We propose, characterise and demonstrate a photonic multistage switching circuit operating at 160 Gb/s serial line rates. The circuit is realised on a re-grown active-passive wafer exploiting multiple stages of loss-compensating semiconductor optical amplifier crossbar switch elements. Excellent 40 dB crosstalk extinction is achieved, with signal to noise ratios of up to 39 dB/0.06 nm. Low loss circuit operation is presented, with the prospect of gain if antireflection coatings are applied at the input and output facet.
Comparison of Efficacy of Human and Porcine Insulin in Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis

The efficacy of semisynthetic human insulin (HI) and monocomponent porcine insulin (PI) in treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was compared in 10 (PI) and 11 (HI) patients in a double-blind randomized study. Insulin (8 U/h i.v.), fluid replacement (0.65% NaCl and 5% glucose), and KCl supplements were administered according to a fixed protocol. Glucose, potassium, sodium, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and free-insulin concentrations were never significantly different during the study. At the start, mean ± SD of pH was 7.10 ± 0.14 in the HI group and 7.10 ± 0.12 in the PI group. The time to reach arbitrary values for pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and β-hydroxybutyrate was shorter during HI treatment, but the differences were not statistically significant. During HI treatment, the arbitrary value of 1.0 mM of acetoacetate was reached faster than during PI treatment (5.2 ± 2.6 and 8.4 ± 0.9 h, respectively; P < .05). The concentration of acetoacetate was significantly different between the two groups after 6 and 7 h of insulin treatment (6 h: HI 0.82 ± 0.50 mM and PI 2.19 ± 1.65 mM, P < .05; 7 h: HI 0.51 ± 0.40 mM and PI 1.74 ± 1.54 mM, P = .05). We conclude that recovery from DKA during treatment with HI might be slightly faster than during treatment with PI. If this difference is real, it does not seem clinically important.
Mental Rotation and the Right Hemisphere

Mental rotation may be considered a prototypical example of a higher-order transformational process that is nonsymbolic and analog as opposed to propositional. It is therefore a paradigm case for testing the view that these properties are fundamentally right-hemispheric. Evidence from brain-imaging, unilateral brain lesions, commissurotomy, and visual-hemifield differences in normals is reviewed. Although there is some support for a right-hemispheric bias, at least for the holistic rotation of relatively simple shapes, it is unlikely that this bias approaches the degree of left-hemispheric dominance for language-related skills. An evolutionary scenario is sketched in which the characteristically symbolic mode of the left hemisphere evolved relatively late and achieved the quality of recursive generativity only in the late stages of hominid evolution. This forced an increasingly right-hemispheric bias onto analog processes like mental rotation. Such processes nevertheless remain important and are integral even to those processes we think of as highly symbolic, such as language and mathematics.
Asymptotic Profiles of Nonstationary Incompressible Navier-Stokes Flows in the Whole Space

Asymptotic profiles are deduced for weak and strong solutions of the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations in the whole space. It is shown that if the initial velocity satisfies a specific moment condition, the corresponding solution behaves like the first-order spatial derivatives of the heat kernel. Higher-order asymptotics are also deduced in case the initial data admit vector potentials with spatial decay of order -n. We further note that the results are not optimal and suggest by means of an example that there exist solutions with a more rapid (space-time) decay property if we require certain symmetry conditions to the initial data.
IL36RN gene mutations are not associated with sporadic generalized pustular psoriasis in Chinese patients

MADAM, We read with interest the article by Lomas et al., which provides an extensive overview of the worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Data were collected from 75 studies over the past 50 years. However, recent data that have been published on the incidence of NMSC in Ireland by Carsin et al., were not included in the review, presumably as this article only became available online in April 2011, which post-dated the cut-off search date of March 2011 used by Lomas et al. Carsin et al. used the National Cancer Registry of Ireland (NCRI) NMSC data to investigate geographic, urban ⁄rural and socioeconomic variations. In Ireland, the incidence of NMSC is felt to be high by international standards. The NCRI collects data on all NMSC diagnosed histologically. Overall completeness of registration is estimated to exceed 96%. NCRI publishes reports on cancer incidence in Ireland, including NMSC, on its website. Between 2000 and 2006, the age-standardized incidence rate in the Republic of Ireland was 150Æ8 (all NMSC), 105Æ7 for basal cell carcinoma and 43Æ2 for squamous cell carcinoma. Interesting variations within Ireland were noted in the article by Carsin et al., including higher incidence of NMSC in several areas along the coastline in the south and west of the country and in Dublin and Cork cities. Risk of NMSC was highest in the least deprived and most densely populated areas. Registry data for NMSC can be difficult to validate, as the authors Lomas et al. discuss, with under-reporting and the potential for multiple tumour registration. Some NMSC is treated without any histological confirmation. It would have been interesting if the authors had extended their comparison between published incidence figures and registry data to beyond the U.K., to include a comparison with data from Ireland and also to refer to published data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, notably the report on cancer incidence in five continents. However, at a minimum, the figures from Ireland do add to the overall picture and highlight some areas for further study.
Beyond the polymerase-γ theory: Production of ROS as a mode of NRTI-induced mitochondrial toxicity

Use of some HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) is associated with severe adverse events. However, the exact mechanisms behind their toxicity has not been fully understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction after chronic exposure to specific NRTIs has predominantly been assigned to mitochondrial polymerase-γ inhibition by NRTIs. However, an increasing amount of data suggests that this is not the sole mechanism. Many NRTI induced adverse events have been linked to the incurrence of oxidative stress, although the causality of events leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their role in toxicity is unclear. In this study we show that short-term effects of first generation NRTIs, which are rarely discussed in the literature, include inhibition of oxygen consumption, decreased ATP levels and increased ROS production. Collectively these events affect fitness and longevity of C. elegans through mitohormetic signalling events. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these effects can be normalized by addition of the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which suggests that ROS likely influence the onset and severity of adverse events upon drug exposure.
Activation of a UBC4-dependent pathway of ubiquitin conjugation during postnatal development of the rat testis.

During spermatogenesis, germ cells undergo mitotic and meiotic divisions to form haploid round spermatids which mature to functional elongated spermatozoa. During this process there occurs remodeling of cell structure and loss of most of the cytoplasm and a large fraction of cellular proteins. To evaluate the role of the ubiquitin proteolytic system in this protein loss, we measured levels of ubiquitinated proteins and rates of ubiquitin conjugation in extracts of testes from rats of different ages. Endogenous ubiquitin-protein conjugates increased till day 30 and then reached a plateau. In parallel, there was a progressive increase in the rate of conjugation of ubiquitin to proteins in testis extracts from these animals. To test the importance of two major ubiquitin conjugating enzyme families in the conjugation, immunoprecipitation of UBC2 or UBC4 from 10- and 30-day-old testis extracts was carried out and the remaining conjugation activity in supernatants was assayed. Depletion of either enzyme family resulted in decreased conjugation. However, most of the conjugation activity and, more importantly, the increased conjugation during development were UBC4-dependent. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated a marked increase in expression of UBC4 in spermatids, consistent with the UBC4-dependent activation of conjugation seen in vitro. In situ hybridization studies evaluated the contribution of various UBC4 isoforms to this induction. UBC4-1 mRNA was expressed in most cells. UBC4-2 mRNA was restricted to germ cells with high levels of expression in round and elongated spermatids. UBC4-testis had previously been shown to be expressed only in spermatids. Our data suggest that induction of various UBC4 isoforms activates overall conjugation and plays an important role in the cellular remodeling and protein loss occurring during spermatogenesis.
Frontline Science: Corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor subtype 1 is a critical modulator of mast cell degranulation and stress‐induced pathophysiology

Life stress is a major risk factor in the onset and exacerbation of mast cell–associated diseases, including allergy/anaphylaxis, asthma, and irritable bowel syndrome. Although it is known that mast cells are highly activated upon stressful events, the mechanisms by which stress modulates mast cell function and disease pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor subtype 1 (CRF1) in mast cell degranulation and associated disease pathophysiology. In a mast cell–dependent model of IgE‐mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA), prophylactic administration of the CRF1‐antagonist antalarmin attenuated mast cell degranulation and hypothermia. Mast cell–deficient KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice engrafted with CRF1−/− bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) exhibited attenuated PSA‐induced serum histamine, hypothermia, and clinical scores compared with wild‐type BMMC‐engrafted KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice. KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice engrafted with CRF1−/− BMMCs also exhibited suppressed in vivo mast cell degranulation and intestinal permeability in response to acute restraint stress. Genetic and pharmacologic experiments with murine BMMCs, rat RBL‐2H3, and human LAD2 mast cells demonstrated that although CRF1 activation did not directly induce MC degranulation, CRF1 signaling potentiated the degranulation responses triggered by diverse mast cell stimuli and was associated with enhanced release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Taken together, our results revealed a prominent role for CRF1 signaling in mast cells as a positive modulator of stimuli‐induced degranulation and in vivo pathophysiologic responses to immunologic and psychologic stress.
Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: The Importance of Drug, Delivery, and Therapeutic Outcome

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in the treatment of pain associated with a variety of indications, including arthritic conditions, but their usefulness is often limited by dose-dependent adverse events (AEs), such as gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiovascular events, and renal toxicity. The risk of such effects could be reduced by the use of topical formulations, which offer the potential to deliver analgesic concentrations locally, at the site of inflammation, while minimizing systemic concentrations. The topical preparations currently approved in the United States are diclofenac sodium 1.5% topical solution (containing dimethyl sulfoxide as a penetration enhancer), diclofenac sodium gel 1%, and a diclofenac hydroxyethylpyrrolidine 1.3% patch. Each of these topical NSAIDs provide drug delivery to subcutaneous tissues for the management of pain associated with osteoarthritis or soft-tissue injuries. Furthermore, these formulations are not significantly associated with the systemic AEs associated with oral NSAIDs; the most common AEs associated with topical formulations are local skin reactions, which are usually mild and self-limiting. Other topical NSAID preparations approved in the European Union include ibuprofen creams and gels, ketoprofen gel, felbinac gel and cutaneous foam, and piroxicam gel. Meta-analyses have confirmed the efficacy and safety of these preparations. However, it is important to recognize that pharmacokinetic absorption from topical formulations can vary markedly, even between different formulations of the same drug, depending on the agent, the underlying disorder, and the site of application. It is therefore essential to consider the patient, the drug, and the drug delivery mechanism when selecting a topical NSAID preparation.