Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Root Knot Nematode Propagation on Transgenic Tobacco via in Planta Hairpin RNA Expression of Meloidogyne incognita—Specific PolA1 Sequence

Root knot nematodes are top priority nematode pests that significantly constrain agricultural productivity globally especially in developing countries. However, expressing double stranded RNA (dsRNA) of essential nematode genes in susceptible plants is known to confer protection against these pests via RNA silencing. This molecular-based strategy is called host induced gene silencing (HIGS) and the selection of appropriate target nematode gene is critical to its success. In this study, therefore, we focused on root knot nematode PolA1, an essential single copy nuclear gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase I enzyme and evaluated its effectiveness as a target in conferring nematode resistance on Agrobacterium-mediated transformed tobacco plants. Transgenic tobacco expressing Meloidogyne incognita-specific (MiS) dsRNA of PolA1 gene showed significant reduction in nematode fecundity and multiplication compared to wild type plants in both T0 and T1 generations. T0 plants showed varying degrees of agronomic vigorover WT plants possibly due to varying levels of processed siRNA. However, production of MiS siRNAs in the transgenic plants coupled with significant reduction of PolA1 transcript expression in nematodes feeding on roots of transgenic plants provided evidence of HIGS. Taken together, our results show that PolA1 is a potentially effective target for HIGS-mediated reduction of root knot nematode damage on transgenic tobacco. Given the homology of our target sequence among Meloidogyne species, this protection could be broad range against other root knot nematodes aside M. incognita.
A study on motives, usage, self-presentation and number of followers on instagram

Instagram, a burgeoning social networking site developed dramatically among adolescents in Hong Kong. This study investigates the relationship between motives, usage, self-presentation and number of followers on Instagram by applying the use and gratification theory as well as the impression management approach. A total of 181 undergraduate students from the City University of Hong Kong were recruited for the quantitative survey. It was found that motives were positively associated with both use and self-presentation, while the number of followers was also clarified to have a positive correlation with Instagram use and self-presentation. No significant causal relationship was examined between motives and the number of followers. Introduction Instagram is a worldwide online social networking site that provides a platform for people to share photos and videos with others. It was launched around three years ago on 6 October 2010 and acquired by Facebook in 2012 (Instagram 2014). Instagram consists of 200 million monthly active users and a total of 20 billion photos have been shared on Instagram within these three years. Instagram is available at both the Apple store and the Google Play Store in app versions without any charge, and the web version of Instagram can be accessed through the internet. Since Instagram was originally produced as an app, the functions in the app version are more comprehensive than in the web version, so most users utilise the Instagram service via their smart phones. Instagram was also designed to link with other social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr and Flickr, so users can share their photos on those social media sites through Instagram. As Instagram is a simple, convenient and user friendly social networking site, it has become famous in Hong Kong in recent years, especially among teenagers. Instagram was regarded as the second most common type of new media used by the majority of adolescents in Hong Kong after Facebook. The effects of Instagram were not inferior to the effects of Facebook on teenagers when concerning the situation in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, due to the fact that Instagram is a relatively new social networking site, there are very few studies focusing on Instagram compared with other social networking sites. It was therefore necessary to explore Instagram further. Discovery – SS Student E-Journal Vol. 3, 2014, 1-35 2
Influence of three rootstocks on yield and commercial quality of "Italian Sweet" pepper

Pepper crops (Capsicum annuum L.) represent a very important production sector in the Southeast of Spain. Specifically, in the province of Almeria, approximately 7000 hectares are grown every year. Due to the economic importance that this crop has for the region and the withdrawal of soil fumigants from the market, agronomic techniques have been adopted with the aim of controlling some soil pathogens and increasing the yield and quality parameters of the fruits obtained. The use of grafted pepper plants is not, as yet, very well established in this region, due mainly to the lack of commercial rootstocks that satisfy the producers of this vegetable. In this experiment three pepper rootstocks were assessed. An experiment was designed with four treatments and three replications of each one (12 experimental plots), which were distributed in randomised blocks. Three of the treatments corresponded to grafted plants of the "Palermo" cultivar onto: "Oscos", "AR40" and "Tresor", using non-grafted "Palermo" cultivar as the control test. The average yield expressed in kg/plant, showed significant differences between grafted and non-grafted plants. The highest fruit weight was obtained in Palermo onto Tresor. The presence of Blossom end rot (BER) in the assessed fruits also showed significant differences between the different treatments, with the fruits from plants grafted onto Tresor showing a higher proportion of BER and the fruits coming from plants grafted onto AR40 showing the lowest proportion.
Dilation and particle breakage effects on the shear strength of calcareous sands based on energy aspects

In this paper shear behavior of two calcareous sands having different physical properties are investigated using drained and undrained triaxial tests. The investigated sands are obtained from two different zones located in Persian Gulf, Kish Island and Tonbak region. Analysis based on energy aspects show that friction angle in these soils, having crushable particles, is formed of three components: substantial internal friction angle, dilation and particle breakage angle. Dilation component is available in the two investigated sand. Particle breakage component is a function of grains hardness, structure and geometry shape. Particles breakage decreases the volume of sample during drained tests and creates positive pore water pressure during undrained tests. Two investigated sands show different amount of dilation and particle breakage under similar conditions. Simultaneous dilation and particles crushing and different amount of them result in different shear behavior of the two studied sands. Energy aspects are used to determine the effect of particle crushing on the shear strength. There is a suitable compatibility between relative breakage of grains and consumed energy ratio for particle breakage.
The Effect of Feeding Dried Tomato Pomace and Concentrate on Nutritional and Growth Parameters of Hararghe Highland Sheep, Eastern Ethiopia

Most tropical feed resources particularly crop residues and hay are mostly deficient in protein content. Thus, maximization of livestock productivity in the tropical regions largely depends on the efficiency of utilization of locally available protein sources. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of dried tomato pomace, concentrate mix and their mixture on intake, apparent digestibility, and live weight of Hararghe highland sheep fed a basal diet of natural pasture hay. The study was conducted using 24 yearling intact Hararghe highland male sheep with mean initial body weight (BW) of 16.7±2 (Mean ± SD). The experiment consisted 90 days feeding and 7 days digestibility trials. The experimental sheep were blocked into 6 blocks of 4 animals based on their initial BW and randomly assigned to one of the four treatments within a block. Treatments were ad libitum feeding of hay alone (T1), hay supplemented with 359.61 g dried tomato pomace (DTP; T2), hay supplemented with 300 g concentrate mix (CM=33% Noug seed cake (NSC) +67% Wheat Bran (WB); T3), and hay with 1:1 ratio of DTP and CM (T4). The crude protein (CP) content of hay, DTP, NSC and WB used in this study were 9.1, 17.8, 29.6 and 17.2%, respectively. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) was 63, 61, 70 and 67% and that of CP was 66, 74, 81 and 77% for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Digestibility of DM was higher for T3 as compared to T1 and T2, while values for T4 were similar with T1 and T3. Digestibility of CP was highest for T3, lowest for T1 and intermediate for the other two treatments. Average daily gain (ADG) was lowest for T1 (30 g/day), and among the supplemented treatments values for T4 (65 g/day) was numerically higher than that for T3 (58 g/day) and T2 (57 g/day). Feed conversion efficiency also showed more or less a similar trend to ADG. Taken as a whole, the present finding evidenced that dried tomato pomace can replace concentrate mixture 100% as a supplement to sheep fed a basal diet of natural pasture hay.
Supervisory Role Of Principals During Classroom Instruction And Effective Implementation Of Life Skills Education In Public Secondary Schools In Nairobi County , Kenya

This study on the supervision of classroom teaching and learning on effective implementation of Life Skills Education (LSE) has been spurred by many challenges facing the youths in Nairobi County. These challenges are psychological, social, or economic compounded by various factors such as complex development changes during adolescence. Other factors include; lack of positive role models, and negative influence by mass media, inadequate, inaccurate and unreliable sources of information among others (KIE, 2010). When the psychological and social needs are not met, they become maladjusted and the resultant behavior could be drug abuse, teenage pregnancies, indiscipline, school unrest, premarital sex, increased crime, violence, rape, incest, suicide, Human Immuno Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic and poor academic performance (KIE, 2008; Mutai, 2013; Lutomia & Sikolia, 2006). These challenges of mal-adjusted behavior have been affirmed by a study carried out by Wairimu (2015) among others on factors Abstract: the purpose of this study was to establish supervisory activities undertaken by principals during classroom instruction of Life Skills lessons. The study adopted mixed method Research design whereby descriptive survey design was used to collect both quantitative data and Phenomenology to collect qualitative data. The target population comprised of 77 Principals, 2,451 Teachers and 37,258 Students from 77 secondary schools in Nairobi County. All school categories which included; National, Extra county and county schools were used as the sampling frame to select participating schools. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select, 101 LSE teachers, 311 Students drawn from 27 public secondary schools from which 27 principals were selected using purposive sampling technique resulting to a total of 439 respondents from Nairobi County. Information was obtained through the use of questionnaires, interview guide and document analysis. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, tables, charts, percentages and means with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24 programme, while qualitative data were summarized in themes based on research findings and presented in narrative form and direct quote from participants. The results of the study revealed that Life Skill Education in public secondary schools of Nairobi County was partially implemented. In the majority of schools, Life Skill Education was not being taught and principals rarely supervised classroom teaching and learning. Challenges faced in the implementation of Life Skill Education included the non-examinable status of the subject. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education should organize for in-service training workshops for principals to enhance their classroom teaching and learning supervisory skills for effective implementation of Life Skill Education.
Hair Dressing Entrepreneurs' Motivation, Personality and Business Performance Research

Our country economic development as affected by globalization, gradually rendering service economy (Chen, Lijing, 2000), this study targeted the internal entrepreneurs of hairdressing chain to explore the relationships between their personality and performance. Otherwise, the study accounted the entrepreneur’s motivation as the control variable, to examine how the variables of personality, entrepreneur’s motivation, and business performance are related. The study uses questionnaires survey as main method, and retrieved sample size of 150 valid questionnaires were conducted compiling information for analysis by using spss12.0 statistical software. The results firstly shows that the more personality of extraversion and friendly entrepreneurs have, the better business performance will be. Then, achievement-money of entrepreneurial achievement motivation affects business performance significantly. Finally, the mutual affect of extraversion-friendly, and achievement-money has a positive significant effect on Business Performance.
The haemoglobin regeneration potential of fermented and unfermented Telfaira occidentalis and Gnetum africanum leaves in iron deficient albino rats

The effect of 10% supplementation of fermented and unfermented Telfaira occidentalis and Gnetum africanum leaves for 21 days on haemoglobin-iron, haematological parameters and serum ferritin was investigated to determined if the leaves could replenish haemoglobin in iron deficient rats. Iron deficiency significantly (p 0.05) different from the iron sufficient and leaves supplemented groups. However, haemoglobin concentration of rats on iron sufficient diet, fermented and unfermented T. occidentalis leaves and those treated with FeSO4 were significantly (p 0.05) enhance the haemoglobin regeneration potential of both leaves. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Haematological parameters, nutritional anaemia, serum ferritin, vegetables
Channels from Housing Wealth to Consumption

This paper uses micro-data from two national panel surveys to analyze the flow of wealth from residential property onto households' balance sheets, where it is available for discretionary spending. The examples are Australia and the UK—two of the world's most entrenched nations of owner occupation, both with relatively complete mortgage markets. We focus on the early 2000s, which set the scene for an unprecedented wave of housing equity withdrawal. We consider equity released through sales and through additional borrowing. The findings show that equity extraction overall is not only (or even) a function of higher incomes, greater wealth, and older age; rather it occurs across the life course and is linked to pressing spending needs. We draw attention in particular to the growing social and economic significance of in situ equity borrowing—a practice whose financial buffering effects may form a short-lived prelude, rather than a sustainable alternative, to trading on or selling up.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMBISOLS IN THE HIGHLAND REGION OF RILA MOUNTAIN , BULGARIA

Soil chemical properties of Cambisols under two mountain land-uses (three forest lands formed by Picea abies Karst., Pinus mugo Turra., Pinus sylvestris L. respectively, and one mountain grassland) in Rila Mountain, Bulgaria, were studied to assess the role of vegetation on soil acidification. Soil organic matter content (SOM), рН, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations with strongly acidic functions (CECSA), the type of ions exchange over the plant roots and the ion exchange capacity of SOM were analysed. The studied forest soils are characterized with medium to high SOM content, medium to low colloidal functions and low to medium level of bases saturation. Soils under tree and grass vegetation differed in their level of acidification, characterized by a strong total acidity of soils under forest type of land-use. Over 70% of CEC of forest soils are characterized by abundance of exchangeable aluminum, which may facilitate the transfer of amphoteric metals in toxic quantities. Under grass vegetation the bases were between 44 and 91% of soil sorption capacity, and exchangeable aluminum was present in minimum quantities, which indicated the lack of destructive processes. The treeline Dwarf pine communities influence the soil formation process in the highland zone of NW Rila, where the transitional dark-coloured forest soil type (Mollic Cambisols) is observed. It could be concluded that grassland vegetation has the potential to reduce rates of soil acidification in studied mountain land-uses. Different vegetation and respectively the land-use type could be assumed as factors, which play important role in the processes of soil formation and explain the transitional soils observed in the studied highland region.
Driving Behaviors and the Influential Factors in the Taxi Drivers in Isfahan City, Iran (2017)

According to the report by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, over 1.25 million people in the world die every year due to road accidents [2]. Traffic accidents are regarded as the eighth major cause of mortality in the world [3], and the injuries caused by road accidents are considered lead to the death of the individuals aged 15-44 years [4]. Road accidents and the subsequent injuries are reported to be among the main causes of death and disability in lowincome countries is expected to rank these countries fifth in the world in terms of the mortality rate of traffic accidents by 2030 [3].
Partial limb skeleton of a "giant penguin" Anthropornis from the Eocene of Antarctic Peninsula

The fossil record of the Antarctic penguins is dated to the late Paleocene of Sey− mour (Marambio) Island, but the largest sphenisciforms, genera Anthropornis and Palae− eudyptes, originate from the Eocene La Meseta Formation. Here, the most complete large−scale reconstruction of a limb skeleton (a whole wing and a partial hind leg) of a Paleogene Antarctic penguin is reported. All bones are attributable to a single individual identified as Anthropornis sp. The comparative and functional analyses of the material indi− cate that this bird was most probably well−adapted to land and sea while having a number of intriguing features. The modern−grade carpometacarpal morphology is unique among known Eocene Antarctic species and all but one more northerly taxa.
South African journalism and the Marikana massacre: A case study of an editorial failure

This article examines the early press coverage of the police massacre of striking mineworkers in Marikana, South Africa, on the 16th of August 2012. It includes a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of a representative coverage sample from the country’s mainstream newspapers. From this analysis, it is apparent that the coverage was heavily biased towards official accounts of the massacre, and that it overwhelmingly favoured business sources of news and analysis. Business sources were the most likely to be primary definers of news stories. In contrast, the miners’ voices barely featured independently of the main trade union protagonists, which was significant as many miners did not feel sufficiently represented by the unions. The failure of journalists to speak to miners sufficiently led to a major editorial failure in the early press coverage, as it failed to reveal the full extent of police violence against the miners. As a result, the police version of events was allowed to stand largely unchallenged before a group of academics put the fuller account into the public domain after having interviewed miners. The coverage also contained dominant themes which portrayed the miners as inherently violent, disposed to irrationality and even criminality. The article traces the problems that arose in the coverage, specifically, in regard to organisational and occupational demands in South African newsrooms. More generally, problems in the coverage also reflect the transition of South Africa’s political economy. This transition has reproduced and reinforced the country’s social inequalities. These circumstances have facilitated the growth of police violence against workers and the poor.
CUSTOMER LOYALTY: THE CASE OF MOBILE PHONE USERS IN UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA

This research attempts to examine the relationships between service quality, switching barriers and brand image and customer loyalty in the Universiti Utara Malaysia sector. Based on the theoretical model, a comprehensive set of hypotheses were formulated and a methodology for testing them was outlined.These hypotheses were tested empirically by means of questionnaires to demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical model.The results indicate that service quality, switching barriers, and brand image are separate constructs that combine to determine loyalty, with service quality and switching barriers exerting a stronger influence than brand image.Hypotheses H1, H2 were supported, while hypothesis H3 was rejected.
Customer Engagement in Tourism and Hospitality Services in Kasama and Shiwa Ng ’ andu , Zambia

A large and growing body of literature has investigated on tourism development and potentials in Zambia. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the level of customer engagement in hospitality and tourism services in general, in Zambia. This article provides a Zambian case study that focuses on customer engagement in Tourism and Hospitality services in Kasama and Shiwa Ng’andu districts in the Northern Tourism Circuit of Zambia. The objectives of the study were to ascertain means used to engage customers, to find out opportunities and challenges hospitality and tourism organizations encounter when fostering customer engagement, to examine existing and potential consumers’ motivations and barriers to engage customers on various platforms. The study used a case study research design with a qualitative research approach. Both Snowball and Convenient sampling techniques were used to select 46 participants in the study. An interview guide was used to collect data from ethically acquired respondents. The findings indicate that lodge proprietors in the hospitality industry, private tourist site proprietor’s engage customers on various platforms while government owned tourist sites customers were not actively engaged on any platform. Furthermore, results showed that engagement of customers enabled hospitality and tourism proprietors to improve service delivery. The results of study further showed that disruptions in service provision pose a challenge to engage customers. Furthermore, the study has reviewed that quality of standard and special services offered at no cost to overnight customers at various hospitality and tourist sites motivates customers to be engaged at various platforms while communication breakdown between service providers and customers due to overlapping dates where customers want a service at the same time creates a barrier between service providers and customers to engage on various platforms. It became clear that minimal engagement of customers in hospitality and tourism services has affected the growth of hospitality and tourism industry in Kasama and Shiwa Ng’andu districts in the Northern tourism circuit. These findings have important implications for the management of customer towards brand loyalty and trust in the northern tourism circuit.