Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel strategy for three-dimensional real-time imaging of microbial fuel cell communities: monitoring the inhibitory effects of proton accumulation within the anode biofilm

Harvesting electricity from the environment, organic wastes, or renewable biomass with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is an appealing strategy, but the destructive sampling required to investigate the anode-associated biofilms has hampered research designed to better understand and optimize microbe–anode interactions. Therefore, a MFC that permits real-time imaging of the anode biofilm with confocal scanning laser microscopy was developed. In this new MFC Geobacter sulfurreducens, an organism closely related to those often found on MFC anodes and capable of high current densities, produced current comparable to that previously reported with other MFC designs. G. sulfurreducens engineered to produce the fluorescent protein mcherry to facilitate real-time imaging produced current comparable to wild-type cells. Introducing C-SNARF-4, a pH-sensitive fluoroprobe, into the anode chamber revealed strong pH gradients within the anode biofilms. The pH decreased with increased proximity to the anode surface and from the exterior to the interior of biofilm pillars. Near the anode surface pH levels were as low as 6.1 compared to ca. 7 in the external medium. Various controls demonstrated that the proton accumulation was associated with current production. Dropping the pH of culture medium from 7 to 6 severely limited the growth of G. sulfurreducens. These results demonstrate that it is feasible to non-destructively monitor the activity of anode biofilms in real time and suggest that the accumulation of protons that are released from organic matter oxidation within anode biofilms can limit current production.
Dps Augments LexA Autocleavage after UVC-Induced DNA Damage in Stationary Phase Escherichia coli

Ultraviolet radiation is known to induce bacterial DNA damage, resulting in the dimerization of thymine base pairs and the production of single stranded DNA. Several DNA repair mechanisms are currently known to exist in Escherichia coli. The genes encoding these repair systems belong to the SOS regulon. Normally the SOS-mediated DNA repair system is repressed by LexA. Upon detection of DNA damage, the active form of RecA facilitates the autocleavage of LexA, thereby inducing the global DNA repair response. The DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) is known to protect DNA during starvation and environmental stress. Apart from structural protection, it has been speculated that Dps may play a regulatory role in DNA repair. To investigate the influence of Dps on the activation of the SOS repair system after UV-induced DNA damage, E. coli ZK126 (wild type) and ZK1146 (dps mutant) were assayed immunologically for LexA cleavage. In the dps mutant, the repressor form of LexA monomers was not cleaved throughout the 3 minute time frame, compared to the observed decline in the wild-type sample, indicating a lack of RecA activation in the absence of Dps. The results of this study support the hypothesis that Dps plays a role in the induction of the SOS response.
Detection of rotor electrical asymmetry in wind turbine doubly-fed induction generators

This study presents a new technique for detecting rotor electrical faults in wind turbine doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs), controlled by a stator field-oriented vector control scheme. This is a novel method aimed at detecting and identifying rotor electrical asymmetry faults from within the rotor-side inverter control loop, using the error signal, to provide a future method of generator condition monitoring with enhanced detection sensitivity. Simulation and experimental measurements of the proposed signals were carried out under steady-state operation for both healthy and faulty generator conditions. Stator current and power were also investigated for rotor electrical asymmetry detection and comparison made with rotor-side inverter control signals. An investigation was then performed to define the sensitivity of the proposed monitoring signals to fault severity changes and a comparison made with previous current, power and vibration signal methods. The results confirm that a simple spectrum analysis of the proposed control loop signals gives effective and sensitive DFIG rotor electrical asymmetry detection.
Updating Adam Smith on Business Ethics : Institutional Economics and Ethical Capitalism

The paper analyses Adam Smith’s stance on ‘business ethics’, specifically asking whether morality can be realigned with Smith’s economic writings, and if so, how and in what respect this can be applied, especially in relation to the Wealth of Nations (WN). The paper argues that there are at least three different perspectives, in terms of (1) societal welfare (‘public good’) as an outcome of economic, ‘business’ activity, (2) the systemic codification of morality in institutional frameworks (e.g. business laws), and (3) the generation of ethical capital in market transactions, that enable a concept of ‘business ethics’ to be set out and attributed to Smithsonian economics. Not all of these ethical dimensions were clearly seen – not even by Smith or by his critics. Starting from these base points, the paper ‘updates’ the Adam Smith scholarship on business ethics. The paper connects with and draws from institutional economics to develop arguments. It also questions the idea that business ethics could somehow be attributed to Smithsonian economics (i.e. the WN) by projecting Smith’s virtue and sympathy-based moral philosophy (his Theory of Moral Sentiments, TMS) onto the WN, a project keenly indulged in by a considerable number of authors of business ethics and moral philosophy. The paper projects these arguments to a debate of corporate social responsibility and corporate social performance.
Bioactive Glasses in the Management of Dentine Hypersensitivity: A Review

Dentine Hypersensitivity is a common clinical condition, albeit of a low severity, and various in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to test various approaches in managing the condition. This review investigates the use of bioactive glasses and their efficacy in treating Dentine Hypersensitivity. Significant progress was observed in the introduction of bioactive glasses in previous toothpaste formulations due to its ability to produce a Hydroxyapatite-like layer. Nevertheless, the results of the present review would suggest that a higher quality evidence was required to sufficiently support the use and effectiveness of bioactive glasses in treating Dentine Hypersensitivity. This observation is particularly pertinent in the absence of evidence relating to the effect of abrasivity of the glasses as well as the ability of strontium incorporation into the glasses. And the exact loading of the glass into dentifrice formulations. Overall, in vitro studies do appear to demonstrate that bioactive glass formulations may be an effective material to occlude dentine tubules which may in turn, reduce the fluid flow within the dentinal tubules and subsequently help manage Dentine Hypersensitivity.
VaR- and CVaR-minimal futures Hedging Strategies: An Analytical Approach

Although Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) have been established as standard techniques in many fields of risk management and portfolio selection, the literature rarely applies these risk measures to futures hedging. The purpose of this paper is to characterize analytically VaR- and CVaR-minimal hedging strategies. We apply results about quantile derivatives to obtain first order conditions that hold under weak assumptions on the underlying return distribution. We then focus on conditionally elliptical return processes, which enables us to derive closed form expressions for these conditions. In the case of hedging with a single futures contract, these expressions can explicitly be solved for (C)VaR-minimal hedge ratios. Hedging strategies based on these results account for the risk caused by the fat tails of return distributions. In a further step, we extend our characterizations of optimal hedging strategies to mixtures of elliptical distributions. This generalization allows capturing distributional asymmetries, which was found to be highly important for tail based risk measurement. Overall, our findings can be used to implement (C)VaR-minimal hedging rules for most econometric models employed in the futures hedging literature, including multivariate GARCH and regime switching models.
Incorporation of Water Content in the Weibull Model for Soil Aggregate Strength

Tillage impacts many components and functions of the soil ecosystem. Thus, the prediction of soil structures produced by tillage may be regarded as a major objective in soil science. Brittle fracture is the desired mode of failure in most tillage operations. Mechanistic or phenomenological models based on the probabilistic Weibull "weakest link" theory are commonly applied to model brittle fracture of air-dry aggregates. The overall objective of this study was to develop a Weibull model to describe the strength of different-sized soil aggregates across a wide range of water contents. Rupture energy data were obtained for aggregates sampled in three field experiments. These included two soil compaction experiments (Bygholm I and II, sandy loam) and a long-term tillage and fertilization experiment (Maury, silt loam). Aggregates were subjected to a crushing test after having been adjusted to matric potentials ranging from -10 kPa to -163 MPa (air dry). Water content strongly affected the characteristic rupture energy (Weibull α parameter), and this relationship was successfully modeled with a power law function. In contrast, water content had little or no effect on the spread of aggregate strengths (Weibull β parameter). Based on these results, we proposed a three-parameter Weibull brittle fracture model for the tested sandy loam and silt loam soils that takes account of the effect of water content for a single aggregate size fraction. This model, in which only α depends on water content, explained on average 89% of the total variation in rupture energy. Further research is needed to fully investigate the influence of water content on the rupture energy of different-sized aggregates.
So Many Ties , So Little Time : A Task Contingency Perspective on The Value of Social Capital in Organizations

We used data from 67 new product development teams to test a task contingency perspective on social network structure in organizations. Results showed that exploratory teams completed their projects more quickly if they had a social network structure composed of many strong external ties that were nonredundant. In contrast, teams pursuing tasks that exploited existing expertise took longer to complete if they had this type of social network structure, mainly because external ties had to be maintained but were not much needed for the task. The network position that was most beneficial for exploration tasks was a liability for exploitation tasks. We propose that organization network theories of tie strength and structural holes need to be broadened to reflect the effects of task differences, network costs, and difficulties in getting others to help.
Imaging protoplanets: observing transition disks with non-redundant masking

Transition disks, protoplanetary disks with inner clearings, are promising objects in which to directly image forming planets. The high contrast imaging technique of non-redundant masking is well posed to detect planetary mass companions at several to tens of AU in nearby transition disks. We present non-redundant masking observations of the T Cha and LkCa 15 transition disks, both of which host posited sub-stellar mass companions. However, due to a loss of information intrinsic to the technique, observations of extended sources (e.g. scattered light from disks) can be misinterpreted as moving companions. We discuss tests to distinguish between these two scenarios, with applications to the T Cha and LkCa 15 observations. We argue that a static, forward-scattering disk can explain the T Cha data, while LkCa 15 is best explained by multiple orbiting companions.
EVALUATIONS OF EPILITHIC DIATOMS AND BIOTIC INDEX IN SAKARYA RIVER , TURKEY

Diversity and ecology in the diatoms of Sakarya River were investigated between October 2009 September 2010. As a result, Navicula radiosa Kütz was the dominant taxa at the first and fourth stations. Gomphonema olivaceum (Horrn.) Brébisson, Craticula cuspidata (Kütz.) D.G. Mann, Rhoicosphaenia abbreviata (C. Agardh) Lange-Bertalot, and Nitzschia recta Hantzsch ex Rabenhorst taxa were found to be widespread throughout the research. Significant correlation was identified between SI and DI-CH and between TI and DI-CH in the epilithic diatoms. The minimum correlation was identified between SI and TI. Based on the assessments, according to SI, the fourth station was classified as II-III quality class, or critically polluted. Other stations were classified as II quality class, or moderately polluted. According to TI, the first station was determined to be II-III (mesotroph-eutroph) quality class. Second, third and fourth stations were found to be III (polytroph) quality class. According to DI-CH, the fourth station was classified as quality class IV (moderately polluted), while the first, second and third stations were determined as III (less polluted) quality class. The environmental variables on the RDA diagram were selected (p<0.05) according to Monte Carlo permutation test. The first and second axis explained 89% of variation of the species in the correspondence analysis. Additionally, the first and second axis explained relationship between species and environmental variables at the rate of 34.6% and 61.1%. The RDA axes scores allow us to distinguish 5 diatom species assemblages with a total of 25 species.
Schumpeterian aspects of growth and its correlative classical and neoclassical approaches

Economic Growth is a central concept in Economic Theory. Most of the modern societies regard growth as an important determinant for rising standards of living. Their effects can be observed not only in more goods and services but also in brand new processes. Investment in human capital is re-garded as the very source of long-term, sustainable Economic Growth. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief description of Economic Growth, how to approach its measurement, and to provide a brief review of the Schum-peterian thought and the main schools that have undertaken from the Classical and Neoclassical Approaches. Key Words: Economic Growth; Schumpeterian Thought; Classical and Neo-classical Approaches. JEL Classification: B12, B13, B52, O43, O49. Resumen: El crecimiento económico es un concepto fundamental de la teoría económica. La mayoría de las sociedades modernas consideran el crecimiento como una determinante importante para el incremento de los niveles de vida. Sus efectos se pueden observar en el aumento de bienes y servicios, pero también en la disponibilidad de nuevos procesos. En este escenario, la inver-sión en capital humano es, de hecho, la fuente original del crecimiento económico a largo plazo y de manera sostenible. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en explorar los principales rudimentos del crecimiento económico, de su preceptiva medición y de mostrar las aportaciones originales alcanzadas desde el Pensamiento Schumpeteriano, así como de su contrastación con las perspectivas Clásicas y Neoclásicas. Palabras clave: Crecimiento económico; Pensamiento Schumpeteriano; aproxi-maciones Clásica y Neoclásica.
Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy

* Preface * Acknowledgment *1. Kant on Law and Justice *2. The Innate Right of Humanity *3. Private Right I: Acquired Rights *4. Private Right II: Property *5. Private Right III: Contract and Consent *6. Three Defects in the State of Nature *7. Public Right I: Giving Laws to Ourselves *8. Public Right II: Roads to Freedom *9. Public Right III: Redistribution and Equality of Opportunity *10. Public Right IV: Punishment *11. Public Right V: Revolution and the Right of Human Beings as Such * Appendix "A Postulate Incapable of Further Proof"
Interparental conflict and internalizing symptoms: the moderating role of positive peer relationships

This study examined the roles of peer acceptance and friendship quality as moderators of the association between interparental conflict and internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal sample of elementary school children who were initially recruited in early childhood. Ratings of interparental conflict, peer acceptance and friendship quality were obtained from 103 parents and children at age seven (middle childhood), while child-reported internalizing symptoms were assessed at age 10 (pre-adolescence). Interparental conflict in middle childhood was not associated with internalizing symptoms during preadolescence for boys. However, girls who were highly accepted by peers in middle childhood were less likely to experience internalizing symptoms in pre-adolescence. Results suggested that the relationship between conflict and internalizing symptoms was attenuated for girls with high levels of peer acceptance. Additionally, girls who were both highly accepted by peers and had high quality friendships experienced the lowest levels of internalizing symptoms. Discussion of results highlights the importance of examining peer relations as a way to attenuate internalizing problems for girls.
Physiological Adaptation of Soybean Genotypes Induced with Gamma Irradiation against Drought

Dry land is characterized particularly by the limited water availabiliy and decreasing land productivity and the selection of drought tolerant genotypes is one of the strategies to optimize the productivity of agricultural crops on dry land. The study aims to classify soybean genotypes tolerant and sensitive to drought stress, determine the tolerance limits of the soybean genotypes to drought stress (the percentage of water content of soil) in growth and production on the dry land, and determine the parameters of observations that can be used as indicators for the selection of soybean genotypes tolerant to drought stress. The results are expected to give a contribution in the development of soybean on dry land. The research was carried out as experimental study using a Split Plot Design (SPD) with soil moisture levels as main plot (MP) and soybean genotypes as sub plot (SP). The soil moisture levels were set based on the percentage of soil water content consisted of four levels e.g. 100% field capacity (k0), 80-100% field capacity (k1), 60-80% of field capacity (k2) and 40-60% of field capacity (k3). Soybean genotype mutants of the 4 th generation used as the sub plot were Menyapa genotype, 50 Gy; Orba genotype, 25 Gy; Tanggamus genotype; Tanggamus genotype, 25 Gy; Tanggamus genotype, 50 Gy; Orba genotype, 50 Gy; Menyapa genotype; Orba genotype. A total of 32 treatment combinations were obtained and planted on acid dry land. The data was analyzed using statistical software (Excel). The result shows that six genotypes found to be tolerant namely: genotype Menyapa, 50 Gy; Orba genotype, 25 Gy; Tanggamus genotype; Tanggamus genotype, 25 Gy; Tanggamus genotype, 50 Gy; Orba genotype, 50 Gy and 2 genotypes moderate, namely Menyapa genotype and Orba genotype. The percentage of soil moisture content of 40-60% field capacity can be used as an indicator for selecting the soybean genotypes tolerant to drought, parameters of root length, root fresh weight and canopy, Al uptake in roots and canopy, proline content and the date of flowering can be used as indicators for selection of soybean genotypes to drought stress.
DISCOVERY OF A NEW TeV GAMMA-RAY SOURCE: VER J0521+211

We report the detection of a new TeV gamma-ray source, VER J0521+211, based on observations made with the VERITAS imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Array. These observations were motivated by the discovery of a cluster of >30 GeV photons in the first year of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations. VER J0521+211 is relatively bright at TeV energies, with a mean photon flux of (1.93 ± 0.13stat ± 0.78sys) × 10−11 cm−2 s−1 above 0.2 TeV during the period of the VERITAS observations. The source is strongly variable on a daily timescale across all wavebands, from optical to TeV, with a peak flux corresponding to ∼0.3 times the steady Crab Nebula flux at TeV energies. Follow-up observations in the optical and X-ray bands classify the newly discovered TeV source as a BL Lac-type blazar with uncertain redshift, although recent measurements suggest z = 0.108. VER J0521+211 exhibits all the defining properties of blazars in radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths.
Clinicopathological predictors of chemoresponsiveness in epithelial ovarian cancer: a preliminary institutional study

Objective: One-third of women with epithelial ovarian cancer are resistant to standard platinum-based chemotherapy, and insufficient data exist in predicting response to chemotherapy. We describe the clinical and pathological factors of patients with complete and incomplete response to treatment. Method: In this retrospective study, data was reviewed from 75 medical charts of 243 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancers as a preliminary study. All patients underwent chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery for primary disease. Fifty-six patients had complete response (CR) to chemotherapy and 19 had incomplete response (IR). Fifty-eight and 17 patients had optimal and suboptimal cytoreductive surgery, respectively. Clinical and pathological factors were compared in patients with complete and incomplete response to treatment, and optimal and suboptimal surgery. Overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and time to recurrence (TTR) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method for patient groups. Results: The majority of patients in both the CR and IR groups were diagnosed at advanced stage ovarian cancer. The CR group had significantly lower preoperative CA125 and was more likely to have optimal chemotherapy. The CR group was also more likely to have lymph nodes removed during cytoreductive surgery. A significantly lower percentage of CR patients died from the disease and had statistically longer disease free survival. Patients who underwent suboptimal surgery had significantly shorter survival, but no difference existed in the time until recurrence between patients with optimal and suboptimal surgery. OS, CSS, and TTR were significantly increased in the CR group and in patients that had optimal surgery. Conclusion: Complete response during treatment and optimal surgery significantly increases OS, CSS, and TTR. Preoperative CA125 and lymph node removal during surgery may be predictive of complete treatment response.