Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF CORE-NEEDLE BIOPSY FOR THYROID NODULES WITH INITIALLY NONDIAGNOSTIC FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION RESULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the prevalence of nondiagnostic results, diagnostic performance, and complications of core-needle biopsy (CNB) compared with repeat fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for thyroid nodules with previous nondiagnostic FNA findings. METHODS The Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were thoroughly searched for studies evaluating CNB or repeat FNA for thyroid nodules with initially nondiagnostic FNA results. Pooled proportions of nondiagnostic results of CNB and repeat FNA were calculated. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CNB and repeat FNA for a diagnosis of malignancy using a bivariate random-effects model. Complication rates were also evaluated. RESULTS A review of 52 articles identified 4 eligible articles, involving 1,028 patients with 1,028 thyroid nodules, which were included in the meta-analysis. CNB demonstrated significantly lower rates of nondiagnostic results (6.4%) than repeat FNA (36.5%) (P<.0001). In the 3 studies that analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of CNB in diagnosing malignancy, CNB demonstrated significantly higher summary estimates of sensitivity (89.8%) than repeat FNA (60.6%) (P = .022), but summary specificity did not differ between CNB (99.2%) and repeat FNA (99.0%) (P = .576). None of the patients who underwent CNB or repeat FNA experienced any major complications. CONCLUSION CNB demonstrates lower rates of nondiagnostic results and higher diagnostic accuracy than repeat FNA. CNB, rather than repeat FNA, can be utilized to diagnose thyroid nodules previously nondiagnostic on FNA. ABBREVIATIONS CI = confidence interval CNB = core-needle biopsy FNA = fine-needle aspiration SROC = summary receiver operating characteristic US = ultrasound.
Multicenter clinical trial of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I in patients with acute renal failure.

BACKGROUND Patients with acute renal failure (ARF) have high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly if they have serious comorbid conditions. Several studies indicate that in rats with ARF caused by ischemia or certain nephrotoxins, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) enhances the recovery of renal function and suppresses protein catabolism. METHODS Our objective was to determine whether injections of recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) would enhance the recovery of renal function and is safe in patients with ARF. The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in intensive care units in 20 teaching hospitals. Seventy-two patients with ARF were randomized to receive rhIGF-I (35 patients) or placebo (37 patients). The most common causes of ARF in the rhIGF-I and placebo groups were, respectively, sepsis (37 and 35% of patients) and hypotension or hemodynamic shock (42 and 27% of patients). At baseline, the mean (+/- SD) APACHE II scores in the rhIGF-I and placebo-treated groups were 24 +/- 5 and 25 +/- 8, respectively. In the rhIGF-I and placebo groups, the mean (median) urine volume and urinary iothalamate clearances (glomerular filtration rate) were 1116 +/- 1037 (887) and 1402 +/- 1183 (1430) ml/24 hr and 6.4 +/- 5.9 (4.3) and 8.7 +/- 7.2 (4.4) ml/min and did not differ between the two groups. Patients were injected subcutaneously every 12 hours with rhIGF-I, 100 microgram/kg desirable body weight, or placebo for up to 14 days. Injections were started within six days of the onset of ARF. The primary end-point was a change in glomerular filtration rate from baseline. Other end points included changes from baseline in urine volume, creatinine clearance and serum urea, creatinine, albumin and transferrin, frequency of hemodialysis or ultrafiltration, and mortality rate. RESULTS During the treatment period, which averaged 10.7 +/- 4.1 and 10.6 +/- 4.5 days in the rhIGF-I and placebo groups, there were no differences in the changes from baseline values of the glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance, daily urine volume, or serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin or transferrin. In patients who did not receive renal replacement therapy, there was also no significant difference in serum creatinine and urea between the two groups. Twenty patients in the rhIGF-I group and 17 placebo-treated patients underwent dialysis or ultrafiltration. Twelve rhIGF-I-treated patients and 12 placebo-treated patients died during the 28 days after the onset of treatment. CONCLUSIONS rhIGF-I does not accelerate the recovery of renal function in ARF patients with substantial comorbidity.
The Economics of Collaborative Production and Consumption with Applications in Digital Technologies

Author(s): Sacks, Michael | Advisor(s): Cohen, Linda | Abstract: The first chapter models the general mechanisms/tradeoffs underpinning the dynamics of collaborative production using a club theoretic framework and drawing on tools from differential game theory. Individuals with preferences that are far from the objective of the club may not immediately split and form a new club. Instead they may take advantage of the increasing returns from club membership and incubate their new club within an existing one. In equilibrium, clubs may not be able to prevent this type of behavior even if it is undesired. Moreover, there are a range of conditions under which clubs may encourage incubation of future competitors to take advantage of increasing returns themselves and build up their own capital base.The second chapter abstracts away from the dynamics and focuses on the static trade-offs. Existing public and club good models assume monotonicity in the utility of both consumption and provision. A wide range of public and club goods violate these assumptions. Accounting for appropriate non-monotonicities dramatically alters the equilibrium structure and welfare. When the utility from consumption is no longer monotonic, increasing the number of contributors mitigates the free-rider problem, rather than exacerbating it. When both the consumption value and provision cost are non-monotonic, increasing the number of contributors not only mitigates the free-rider problem, but leads to an over-provision problem in which both the number of contributors and the intensity of contributions are inefficiently high. When the population is large, every equilibrium yields over-provision. Lastly welfare-maximizing policies involve transferring surpluses from consumers to producers.The third chapter illustrates the competitive aspects of collaborative production in the context of the software industry. I address whether both proprietary and open source software will survive and how producers of proprietary software differentiate themselves from open source competition. I analyze competition between a firm producing proprietary software and a community producing open source software. If the firm faces no competition, then the software caters to less technologically savvy individuals. When facing competition, the open source software caters to the most technologically savvy individuals, leading the firm to target even less savvy individuals than it would when acting as a monopolist.
Anonymous Living Liver Donation: Donor Profiles and Outcomes

There are no published series of the assessment process, profiles and outcomes of anonymous, directed or nondirected live liver donation. The outcomes of 29 consecutive potential anonymous liver donors at our center were assessed. We used our standard live liver assessment process, augmented with the following additional acceptance criteria: a logical rationale for donation, a history of social altruism, strong social supports and a willingness to maintain confidentiality of patient information. Seventeen potential donors were rejected and 12 donors were ultimately accepted (six male, six female). All donors were strongly motivated by a desire and sense of responsibility to help others. Four donations were directed toward recipients who undertook media appeals. The donor operations included five left lateral segmentectomies and seven right hepatectomies. The overall donor morbidity was 40% with one patient having a transient Clavien level 3 complication (a pneumothorax). All donors are currently well. None expressed regret about their decision to donate, and all volunteered the opinion that donation had improved their lives. The standard live liver donor assessment process plus our additional requirements appears to provide a robust assessment process for the selection of anonymous live liver donors. Acceptance of anonymous donors enlarges the donor liver pool.
Whose Power of Music?

This article considers questions concerning the ontology of music in relation to music therapy. Contemporary musicology emphasises the cultural context of music and the role of individual experience and interpretation. The concepts of musical affordance and musical appropriation offer a representation of music centred around the contextually situated individual without neglecting the aesthetic qualities inherent in musical structure and performance. This article considers music as a potential health resource that can be accessed and used in multiple ways, linking this with a contextual approach to therapy. Political implications are discussed in relation to the accessibility and power of music in music therapy.
Ex vivo inhibition of thrombus formation by an anti‐glycoprotein VI Fab fragment in non‐human primates without modification of glycoprotein VI expression

Summary. Objectives: Glycoprotein (GP)VI is an attractive target for the development of new antithrombotic drugs. Its deficiency protects animals in several models of thrombosis, arterial stenosis and ischemia‐–reperfusion while inducing no major bleeding tendency. The Fab fragment of one anti‐GPVI monoclonal antibody (9O12.2) inhibits all GPVI functions in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine the ex vivo effects of 9O12.2 Fab on hemostasis, coagulation and thrombosis in non‐human primates. Methods and results: Blood samples were collected from cynomolgus monkeys before and after (30, 90 and 150 min, 1 and 7 days) a bolus injection of 9O12.2 Fab (4 mg kg−1) or vehicle. Platelet counts and coagulation tests (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time) were not modified following Fab injection. The PFA‐100 closure time increased during the first hours and returned to initial values on day + 1. Platelet‐bound Fab was detected from 30 min to 24 h after Fab injection without GPVI depletion at any time. Collagen‐induced platelet aggregation was selectively and fully inhibited at 30 min. Thrombus formation on collagen in flowing whole blood (1500 s−1) was delayed and decreased, and collagen‐induced or tissue factor‐induced thrombin generation in platelet‐rich plasma was profoundly inhibited. Conclusion: The anti‐GPVI 9O12.2 Fab inhibits thrombus formation ex vivo in non‐human primates with a composite effect on platelet activation and thrombin generation in the absence of GPVI depletion.
The excretion and environmental effects of amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline residues in layer chicken manure.

The excretion rates and ecological risk to the environment of three commonly used veterinary antibiotics (VAs), amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline, in layer hen manure during the application and withdrawal periods were investigated in a study consisting of a control group fed with VA-free basal diet and nine treatment groups consisted of three levels (200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg) of amoxicillin (AMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), or doxycycline (DOC). Each treatment group was replicated seven times with three layer hens per replication. Results of the study showed that the average excretion rates of AMX in the 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg groups were 67.88, 55.82, and 66.15%, respectively, while those for CIP and DOC were 47.84, 51.85, and 44.87% and 82.67, 94.39, and 95.72%, respectively. The concentrations of the above veterinary drugs in manure decreased sharply in the withdrawal period (7, 28, and 10 d, respectively), for AMX, DOC, and CIP. Neither AMX nor DOC was detected in the manure after the withdrawal period. In contrast to AMX and DOC, the excretion rate of CIP was significantly lower and thus had a longer residence time. Ecological risk study, estimated using hazard quotient values, showed that AMX in the 100 and 50 mg/kg groups posed no risk to the environment after d 1 of withdrawal, while CIP in the 50 mg/kg group posed no risk to the environment from d 5 of withdrawal. CIP in the 200 and 100 mg/kg groups required 10 d withdrawal in order to pose no risk to the environment. In contrast, DOC residue during withdrawal in the manure posed no risk to the environment, thus making it more environmentally safe.
Dexamethasone’s Prosurvival Benefits in Podocytes Require Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Phosphorylation

Background: The reduction in podocyte number is a critical determinant in the development of glomerular diseases. Our recent study demonstrated that glucocorticoids, which are widely used for the treatment of various forms of glomerular injury characterized by proteinuria, protect podocytes from undergoing apoptosis induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PA). However, the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of glucocorticoids on podocytes remain to be fully elucidated. Methods: To clarify the role of p53 in apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation associated with podocyte apoptosis, we performed immunostaining for AIF on cultured mouse podocytes in the presence of the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in podocytes was measured by Western blot analysis. The role of ERK phosphorylation in podocyte apoptosis was also investigated utilizing MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Results: AIF translocation to nuclei was p53 dependent. Furthermore, phosphorylated ERK was reduced in podocytes exposed to PA, and this was prevented by dexamethasone (DEX). Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation by U0126 enhanced podocyte apoptosis induced by PA. Interestingly, when ERK phosphorylation was inhibited, DEX exerted a proapoptotic effect on podocytes, and this effect was also associated with AIF translocation. Our results showed that DEX did not prevent caspase-3-dependent podocyte apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) or UV-C. Conclusion: These results suggest that ERK phosphorylation and the subcellular localization of AIF are important determinants in the protective effect of DEX in podocytes.
[Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in the adult Polish population].

The aim of the study was to evaluate immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in healthy adult population in Poland. For determination of antitoxin IgG antibody, toxoid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Toxoid-ELISA) was used. Serum samples were obtained from different regions of Poland and titrated for diphtheria (n = 2442) and tetanus (n = 827) IgG antitoxin. For calibration of anti-toxins determination, the WHO standard of human diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin was used. About 32% (n = 787) of persons were non-protected against diphtheria (IgG-DTAb < 0.1 IU/ml) and 24% (n = 195) against tetanus (IgG-TTAb < 0.1 IU/ml). In 63% (n = 1528) individuals basic protection for diphtheria and 48% (n = 402) for tetanus (0.1-1.0 IU/ml IgG-DTAb and IgG-TTAb) were observed. Only 5% (n = 127) were fully protected for diphtheria and 28% (n = 230) for tetanus (IgG-DTAb and IgG-TTAb > 1.0 IU/ml). In adults between 30-64 years of age, not vaccinated at least during last 10 years, 43% of persons were non-protected. The study showed insufficient immunity against diphtheria in adults. We indicate booster immunisation for selected group of persons.
Physical and Functional Interaction between the Y-Box Binding Protein YB-1 and Human Polyomavirus JC Virus Large T Antigen

ABSTRACT Y-box binding protein YB-1 is a member of a family of DNA and RNA binding proteins which have been shown to affect gene expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. We have previously shown that YB-1 modulates transcription from the promoters of the ubiquitous human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV). Here we investigate the physical and functional interplay between YB-1 and the viral regulatory protein large T antigen (T-antigen), using JCV as a model system. Results of mobility band shift assays demonstrated that the efficiency of binding of YB-1 to a 23-bp single-stranded viral target sequence was significantly increased when T-antigen was included in the binding reaction mixture. Affinity chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that YB-1 and T-antigen physically interact with each other. Additionally, results of transcription studies demonstrated that these two proteins interact functionally on the JCV early and late gene promoters. Whereas ectopic expression of YB-1 and T-antigen results in synergistic transactivation of the viral late promoter, YB-1 alleviates T-antigen-mediated transcriptional suppression of the viral early promoter activity. Furthermore, we have localized, through the use of a series of deletion mutants, the sequences of these proteins which are important for their interaction. The T-antigen-interacting region of YB-1 is located in the cold shock domain of YB-1 and its immediate flanking sequences, and the YB-1-interacting domain of T-antigen maps to the carboxy-terminal half of T-antigen. Results of transient transfection assays with various YB-1 mutants and T-antigen expression constructs confirm the specificity of the functional interaction between YB-1 and T-antigen. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the cellular factor YB-1 and the viral regulatory protein T-antigen interact both physically and functionally and that this interaction modulates transcription from the JCV promoters.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of albendazole: Determination of albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide, and albendazole sulfone in human plasma using nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis

A nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic method (NACE) for the fast determination of plasma levels of albendazole (ABZ), albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO), and albendazole sulfone (ABZSO2) is described. The assay is based upon liquid/liquid extraction of these compounds using dichloromethane at pH 10.2 (recovery between 63 and 98%), followed by a NACE separation performed within 8 min employing a 0.036 M borate buffer (apparent pH 9.9) in a mixture of methanol and N‐methylformamide (1:3) and on‐column absorbance detection at 280 nm. Using 0.5 mL of plasma and extract reconstitution in 200 μL N‐methylformamide, drug levels between 1.0—10 μM were found to provide linear calibration graphs. Intraday and interday imprecisions evaluated from peak area ratios (n = 5) were < 10% and < 12%, respectively. Corresponding imprecisions of detection times (n = 5) were < 1% and < 6%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) for ABZ, ABZSO and ABZSO2 was 8 × 10−7 M. The reliability of the method developed was verified via analysis of 45 plasma samples obtained from patients treated with ABZ. Good agreement was obtained between the levels of ABZSO and those determined by routine HPLC. ABZ was found to be undetectable in all patient samples, whereas the levels of ABZSO2 were below or close to LOD.
Sealing Ability of Four Calcium Containing Cements used for Repairing Furcal Perforations in Primary Molars: An in vitro study.

AIM The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Portland cement (PC), Biodentine(TM) and Tech biosealer in repairing furcal perforations in primary molars using the fluid-filtration technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty freshly extracted maxillary second primary molars were sectioned horizontally at the furcation region to create dentin disks of 1.5 mm (+ 0.1 mm) thickness. Five disks were not perforated and served as negative controls. In the remaining 45 disks, furcation perforations were prepared. Five disks did not receive furcation repair and served as positive controls. The remaining 40 disks were then randomly divided into four equal groups (10 disks in each group). Perforations were repaired with: MTA, PC, Biodentine(TM) or Tech Biosealer. The sealing ability of the tested materials was evaluated by measuring microleakage for each disk after four different storage periods: 24-hour, 1-month, 6-month and 1-year storage using fluid-filtration. Comparisons between the four materials and the four time periods were done using the two-way analysis of variance and the Scheffe multiple comparisons test. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the mean microleakage values obtained in the four tested materials after 24 hours, 1, 6 month and 1 year. However, microleakage values for each individual material were significantly higher at 24 hours than at the other time intervals. CONCLUSION Mineral trioxide aggregate, PC, Biodentine(TM) and Tech biosealer showed similar capabilities in sealing the furcal perforations of the primary molars, where the sealing ability improved over time for each individual material.
Progesterone attenuates the inhibition of adrenocorticotropin responses by cortisol in nonpregnant ewes.

This study was designed to test whether increases in plasma progesterone (P) reduce the efficacy of plasma cortisol (F) in inhibition of ACTH responses to stimuli. Five nonpregnant ewes were each infused with ethanol-saline vehicle, F (4 micrograms/kg.min), P (0.5 or 2.0 microgram/kg.min), or P and F for 60 min. One hour after the end of the vehicle or steroid infusions, nitroprusside (20 micrograms/kg.min) was infused for 10 min to induce hypotension-stimulated ACTH secretion. Nitroprusside produced similar decreases in arterial blood pressure in all groups. Infusion of F alone inhibited plasma ACTH responses to hypotension. Whereas infusion of P without F did not significantly change plasma ACTH responses to hypotension, infusion of P with F caused greater ACTH responses to hypotension than did infusion of F alone. The results indicate that P can interfere with the delayed feedback effect of F in vivo.
Accelerating Matrix Multiplication on FPGAs

In this paper we present a new architecture for fixed-point matrix multiplication using Xilinx Virtex4 device. The architecture effectively utilizes the hardware resources on the entire FPGA and makes use of DSP blocks inside the FPGA devices. The architecture also reduces the routing complexity. Our architecture can be implemented for non-square matrix multiplication. The proposed implementation shows improvement in area and latency compared to recent published work. An improvement by over 50% in FMAX and 20% in area using new FPGAs has been achieved.