Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of probiotics on shrimp culture practices : A case study

A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of use of probiotics in shrimp farming. The study was carried out during 2011 in three mandals (talukas) viz., Pitlavani Palem, Nizampatnam and Karlapalem of Guntur District in Andhra Pradesh. The results of the study revealed that all the shrimp farmers used a variety of commercial probiotics comprising water, feed and soil probiotics. Out of the total farmers surveyed, 44% each used water probiotics while and feed probiotics while 12% of the farmers used soil probiotics. The results showed correlation between use of probiotics and shrimp growth and also indicated that the use of probiotics increased benefits in terms of shrimp survival, reduction in total cost of production, reduction of disease prevalence and improved water quality as well as pond bottom conditions.
Role of vertical eddy heat flux in the response of tropical tropopause temperature to changes in tropical sea surface temperature

(1) We performed numerical experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model to assess the effect of convections associated with various tropical sea surface temperature (SST) fields on the tropical tropopause (TT). Three experiments were designed with different patterns of tropical SST: increasing and decreasing mean tropical SST, enhanced and weakened longitudinal gradient of tropical SST, and observed SST corresponding to strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The results reveal that vertical advection plays an important role in controlling seasonal variation in TT temperature. In the case of a large (small) longitudinal gradient of tropical SST, the vertical eddy heat flux (w 0 q 0 ) diverges strongly (weakly) around the TT, resulting in cooling (warming) of the TT. Divergence of the vertical eddy heat flux is a primary controlling factor of variations in interannual TT temperature, especially during the peak of El Nino events. Analysis of ERA-Interim and ERA-40 data supports our results regarding the influence of vertical eddy heat flux on TT temperature. Divergence of vertical eddy heat flux at the TT layer is sensitive to the ''strength'' of the Matsuno-Gill-type tropical stationary wave response; this divergence appears to explain variations in the observed TT temperature associated with ENSO.
Study on udder morphology and its relationship with production parameters in local goats of Rohilkhand region of India

An attempt was made here to study udder morphology and establish its relationship with milk production in 25 local goats of Rohilkhand region. Udder morphological traits recorded were udder length, udder row width, udder column width, udder depth, udder circumference, teat length, teat diameter, teat circumference, teat height from ground, distance between teats and udder volume. Total milk produced during 90 days was measured and average daily milk yield was calculated. Body weight was also recorded. The udder volume in primiparous and multiparous goats was 516.54± 74.52 and 940.76± 46.47 ml, respectively which differ significantly (P< 0.05). The values of all udder morphological parameters were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in multiparous than primiparous goat except Teat height from ground, where it is vice versa. Average daily milk yield was positive and significantly (P< 0.01) correlated with all udder morphological traits except for teat height from ground (THG) as correlation was found negative. All udder morphological traits had positive and significant (P< 0.05) correlation with doe's body weight at different intervals. It was concluded from this study that mammary system of this local goat is comparable with any other dual purpose Indian goat breed.
Does Innovation Mediate Good Firm Performance

Private firms invest in physical capital and human resource but they are also advised to invest in innovations to be more productive and profitable. Innovations refer to the development, deployment, and economic utilization of new products, processes, and services. It is important for firms to know whether investment in innovations is investment well-spent. Our empirical results provided an affirmative response to the question raised in this paper: "Does innovation mediate good firm performance? " Product and process innovations lead to increase in sales and profits and improve labor productivity. The paper also showed that firm size, age, and foreign equity are important factors leading firms to innovate.
Surface Characteristics and Physical Properties of Cotton Fabric for Patient Clothing Material through a Chitosan/Nanosilver Colloidal Solution

Hospital patient clothing material was treated with a mixture of chitosan in order to enhance functionality, such as the durability and dimensional stability of the cotton fabric used. Chitosan is a natural polymer with excellent biocompatibility, however there is a deteriorating adherence efficiency. The addition of a nanosilver colloidal solution in accordance with a prescribed ratio can further increase the performance of chitosan. Changes in the structural characteristics and physical properties of the chitosan/nanosilver treated fabric were observed in a comparison with fabric treated only with chitosan. The add-on ratio increased when the mixing ratio of nanosilver colloidal solution was higher; however, the crystalline structure of the treated fabric remains similar. In the case of CH3/NS1 treated fabric (where the mixing ratio of chitosan and nanosilver solution was 3:1) the K/S value, whiteness index, wet tensile strength, and wrinkle recovery angle were superior. The dimension stability, pilling resistance, and abrasion resistance of the fabric treated with a mixed solution increased in comparison to the fabric treated only with chitosan. The chitosan/nanosilver treated cotton fabric used for patient clothing material has excellent physical properties.
Net heterotrophy in productive prairie wetlands with high DOC concentrations

Millions of productive wetlands dot the North American Great Plains. Although these wetlands are key ecological features of the Canadian prairies, their microbial food webs remain relatively unstudied. Over 3 yr, pelagic primary (PP) and bacterial production (BP) and biomass were monitored in 2 wetlands in Central Saskatchewan, Canada. PP ranged from 8.8 to 3911.0 mg C m -3 d -1 (x = 612.0 mg C m -3 d -1 ), while rates of BP ranged from 8.2 to 678.0 mg C m -3 d -1 (x = 140.0 mg C m -3 d -1 ). Nutrients, light and temperature did not appear as major factors influencing these rates. Seasonal mean ratios of PP:BP revealed that both wetlands were net autotrophic (x PP:BP = 7.4; range 0.08 to 42.6), which was not surprising given their eutrophic status. On a smaller temporal scale, these wetlands were, on average, net heterotrophic (PP:BP < 1) on 33% of the sampling dates. High pelagic bacterial carbon demand (greater than twice the phytoplankton carbon production) indicated that bacterial metabolism was not dependent on autochthonous carbon sources. Biological availability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was low in both wetlands (x = 3.8%). But this percentage of high ambient concentrations was enough to satisfy bacterial carbon demand. Based on seasonal averages, BP and bacterial numbers decreased across increasing trophic gradients (as chl a or total phospho- rus). This phenomenon could also be observed across a seasonal gradient of changing chl a concen- trations. Prairie wetlands not only experience periods of net heterotrophy, but bacterial carbon demand and production per unit biomass are high, suggesting an important role for bacteria in the metabolism of these eutrophic ecosystems.
mRNA and natural endogenous antisense RNA in Dictyostelium discoideum

The aim of this Master's Thesis was to investigate the presence and regulation of RNAi in the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum. The background for the project is a cDNA library representing 18-25nt RNAs (9000 clones) from Dictyostelium discoideum that recently was constructed. The result revealed a number of small RNAs with antisense complementary to mRNAs and from these we chose three genes for further investigation; hatA, rsmF, and DDB0230011 (kielin). We also studied two "relatives" to hatA, namely hatB and hatC to see if the genes are similar to each other in the setup of both an mRNA and asRNA. The first aim was to find both mRNA and asRNA for the genes which was done with RT-PCR. We found that all genes have both an mRNA and an asRNA, except for hatC which lacks an asRNA. By performing a Northern blot analysis of hatA mRNA and asRNA during development and in some RNAi knockout strains we found that both RNAs are is down regulated during development and also in some of the knockout strains. hatA has previously been reported to have a role in osmotic stress. We decided to investigate this effect in two normal Dictyostelium (Ax4:4 and Ax2) strains and two knockout strains, rrpC- and drnA- (done in Ax4:4 and Ax2 respectively). The results revealed that the asRNA and mRNA is down regulated due to stress and that it also differs in gene expression between untreated cells and cells treated with a starvation buffer. The theory based on our results is that the RNA expression goes down during development which is initiated by the starvation buffer and when the hyper osmotic buffer is added the expression goes down even more. The mRNA predicted to encode a Kielin homolog has previously been proven to be located in the tip of structure that has been allowed to develop for 16 hours and therefore we wanted to study the location of both mRNA and asRNA in this type of structure, also known as a slug. By using Fluorescent In situ hybridization we were able to detect both mRNA and asRNA, where the mRNA seems to be located in the entire structure while the majority of the asRNA can be found in the outer cell layer in one end of the slug.
Inconsistencies in Error Production by L 2 Learners and in Error Judgment

MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. College Students; *English (Second Language); *Error Analysis (Language); Error Correction; *Error Patterns; *Grammatical Acceptability; Higher Education; Instructional Materials; *Language Attitudes; Native Speakers; Second Language Learning The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe differences in performance by non-native learners of English, when writing in different genres; (2) determine communicative value of grammatical errors as judged by a panel of native speakers; and (3) demonstrate inconsistencies in native speaker judgment of error gravity. Subjects were 20 English-asa-Second-Language (ESL) college students. Data were drawn from 40 expository and creative writing assignments. Three native speakers evaluated the effects of student errors on comprehension. Results indicate that the subjects committed more errors in expository than creative writing, and that variation in essay length did not correlate with error quantity. Frequency of error type differed significantly in the two modes. Mistakes with un lear antecedents impeded comprehension most, while pronouns impeded comprehension least; ten other grammatical error categories fell in between in gravity. Although the most recurrent errors and the most serious errors did not present the same hierarchical order, they did reflect the same error categories; there was no correlation between the degree of error gravity and error frequency. The native speakers often could not reach consensus on error gravity. Implications are seen in these results for communicative second language teaching, instructional material development, error and discourse analysis, and classroom treatment of errors. Contains 23 references. (Author/MSE) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * **********************************************************--A:. : * (-. 614111.72 . v.A. 61,alaeha.vatuslaueracree.
A model-based approach for mapping rangelands covers using Landsat TM image data.

Empirical models are important tools for relating field-measured biophysical variables to remotely sensed data. Regression analysis has been a popular empirical method of linking these two types of data to estimate variables such as biomass, percent vegetation canopy cover, and bare soil. This study was conducted in a semi-arid rangeland ecosystem of Qazvin province, Iran. This paper presents the development of a regression model for predicting rangeland biophysical variables using the original image data of Landsat TM nonthermal bands. The biophysical variables of interest within the rangeland ecosystem were percent vegetation canopy cover, bare soil extent, and stone and gravel which their correlations were analyzed in relation to Landsat TM original data. The results of applying stepwise multiple regression showed that there is a significant correlation between Landsat TM band 2 reflectance values and biophysical variables. The developed models were applied to Landsat TM band 2 and relevant maps were generated. We concluded that such problems as an inexact location of field samples on the image, small size of samples, vegetation heterogeneity may significantly affect the modeling of real rangeland Landsat TM data relationships.
Morphological and Cellular Changes in Rice Roots (Oryza Sativa L.) Caused by Al Stress

Aluminium toxicity significantly limits crop productivity in acid soils and its effects are primarily root-related. The aim of this paper was to study the effects of aluminium on the morphology and cell structure of rice roots. Different AlCl3 levels were employed to impose stress conditions. Apical root segments were processed using a Progressive Low Temperature Method (PLT) and Lowycril resin, so that the samples could be cut. The stained sections were viewed and photographed using a Zeiss Optic microscope with an attached digital camera. Root elongation was reduced in seedlings exposed to Al, accompanied by deformed roots. Some structural changes were detected in epidermal and cortical cells. Reduced length accompanied by radial expansion contributed to cell elongation inhibition in different cellular types. Thickened cell walls and a vacuole size increase were also observed. These results provide evidence of the structural changes provoked in rice root cells by toxic levels of aluminium, as well as the morphological changes observed in Al-stressed rice roots in our laboratory.
Assessing the impact of community marriage policies® on county divorce rates*

Community marriage initiatives (CMIs) are designed to strengthen marriage and increase marital stability by addressing relevant laws, policies, and cultural factors. We examined a specific CMI designed to lower divorce rates by establishing a shared public commitment among clergy to strengthen marriage. A mixed-effects general linear model was used to determine whether changes in divorce rates over time were different before than after in 122 sites. Results indicate that divorce rates declined more rapidly following adoption, and this decline was larger than that observed in comparison counties. This difference in declines translates into a 2% difference annually in favor of CMI counties. Implications for measuring the effectiveness of CMIs are addressed.
Effect of a second dose of thiopentone on haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation

Objectives This observational study was designed to assess the effect of a second dose of _______________________________ Corresponding author Sitt El-Nissa Said Ahmed Consultant of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan Email: sittelnissa@googlemail.com thiopentone on the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. The study was conducted in Soba University and Khartoum Teaching Hospital, in the period from January to May 2006. One hundred patients were selected and divided into two groups (group 1 and group 2) with 50 patients each. Group 1 was given 4mg/kg of thiopentone initially, to induce anaesthesia, and another 4mg/kg of the same drug, following the administration of 1mg/kg of suxamethonium to facilitate endotracheal
3D seismic structure of the Zhenbei–Huangyan seamounts chain in the East Sub‐basin of the South China Sea and its mechanism of formation

The probable N055°‐oriented extinct spreading ridge of the East Sub‐basin is cut across by the post‐spreading volcanic ridge oriented approximately E–W in its western part and called the Zhenbei–Huangyan seamounts chain. A three‐dimensional ocean bottom seismometer survey was conducted in 2011 and covered both the extinct spreading ridge and the Zhenbei–Huangyan seamounts chain in the East Sub‐basin. The comprehensive seismic record sections of 39 ocean bottom seismometers underline the high‐quality data with clear and reliable P‐wave seismic first arrivals. The three‐dimensional tomographic results show that the crust is oceanic on each side of the Zhenbei–Huangyan seamounts chain. The seafloor spreading lineaments and associated fracture zones pattern provide channels for magma migration and eruption. Based on the ratio of volcanic extrusive and intrusive materials and the shape of the upward convex 6.4 km/s iso‐velocity curve beneath the Zhenbei and Huangyan seamounts, we conclude that the Zhenbei and Huangyan seamounts appear to be dominantly formed by intra‐crustal intrusion. Combining previous geochemical studies of post‐spreading volcanic ridge outcropping samples, the formation mechanism of the seamounts chain might be explained by a buoyancy‐driven decompression melting mechanism occurring as separately evolving partial melting bodies beneath each seamount. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relative Income and Relative Deprivation Hypotheses: A Review of the Empirical Literature

The paper provides a review of the empirical literature in economics that has attempted to test the relative income hypothesis as put forward by Duesemberry (1949) and the relative deprivation hypothesis as formalized by Runciman (1966). It is argued that these two hypotheses and the empirical models used to test them are essentially similar and make use of the same relative income concept. The review covers the main intellectual contributions that led to the formulation and tests of these hypotheses, the main formulations of the utility and econometric equations used in empirical studies, the main econometric issues that complicate tests of the hypotheses, and the empirical results found in the literature. The majority of studies uses absolute and relative income together as explanatory factors in utility models and finds absolute income to have a positive and significant effect on utility (happiness). The majority of studies also finds relative income to be a significant factor in explaining utility but the sign of this relation varies across studies. The source of this variation is complex to detect given that few results are directly comparable across studies because of differences in model specifications.
Gelatin hydrogel electrolytes and their application to electrochemical supercapacitors

Gelatin hydrogel electrolytes (GHEs) with varying NaCl concentrations have been prepared by cross-linking an aqueous solution of gelatin with aqueous glutaraldehyde and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic chronopotentiometry. Glass transition temperatures for GHEs range between 339.6 and 376.9 K depending on the dopant concentration. Ionic conductivity behavior of GHEs was studied with varying concentrations of gelatin, glutaraldehyde, and NaCl, and found to vary between 10(-3) and 10(-1) S cm(-1). GHEs have a potential window of about 1 V. Undoped and 0.25 N NaCl-doped GHEs follow Arrhenius equations with activation energy values of 1.94 and 1.88 x 10(-4) eV, respectively. Electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs) employing these GHEs in conjunction with Black Pearl Carbon electrodes are assembled and studied. Optimal values for capacitance, phase angle, and relaxation time constant of 81 F g(-1), 75 degrees, and 0.03 s are obtained for 3 N NaCl-doped GHE, respectively. ES with pristine GHE exhibits a cycle life of 4.3 h vs 4.7 h for the ES with 3 N NaCl-doped GHE. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society.
Source Rock Evaluation in The Lake Chad Area of the Bornu Basin, Nigeria

Source rock evaluation of the Lake Chad area of the Bornu Basin which contains a comparatively thicker sedimentary succession based on interpreted seismic and gravity data was undertaken in this study. A total of twenty-nine shale samples from three wells (Kutchali-1, Faltu-1 and Herwa-1) were analysed to arrive at the bulk geochemical properties, organic matter particles and vitrinite reflectance (VR) data of the strata penetrated by the wells. The Lake Chad area appears to contain the main ingredients required to make a rich source rock with over 96% of the total organic carbon (TOC) values being in the range of 0.63-2.88 wt% and over 95% having Tmax greater than 435°C in most of the sampled intervals. The variation of Tmax and VR with depth in the wells reveals irregular decreases or subtle decreasing trends that are suggestive of cooling in the basin’s thermal history probably as a result of uplift and erosion. The uplift could have been caused by epeirogenic movement or by folding related to the Santonian inversion witnessed by the West African Rift Subsystem. In terms of hydrocarbon generation potential, most of the samples have HI values greater than 50 mgHC/g TOC, but generally less than 200 mgHC/g TOC. These HI values suggest dominance of Type III with less Type II Kerogen; thus, a predominantly predominantly gas prone area. A study of some bulk geochemical parameters (TOC, Tmax and HI) of the three study wells has revealed that the succession penetrated by one of them (Faltu-1 well) contains several potential gas source intervals and two potential oil source intervals with the latter probably lying between 2500 m and 3000 m depth.
Performance measurement systems: does market focused learning and entrepreneurial orientation improve travel agency performance?

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