Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D deficiency in dengue fever patients' coinfected with H. pylori in Pakistan. A case-control study

Introduction Dengue fever is a vector-borne disease with an estimate of 390 million persons getting the infection each year with a significant public health impact. It has been reported DENV patients with vitamin D deficiency led to severe form of dengue infection; while H. pylori coinfection alters vitamin D receptors leading to vitamin D deficiency. We hypothesize that DENV patient's having low vitamin D along with H. pylori coinfection could have worsen dengue severity as well as vitamin D deficiency. In this case-control study, we compared (I) the vitamin D deficiency in dengue fever cases with or without H. pylori coinfection, and (II) negative dengue fever as a control with or without H. pylori coinfection. We have also assessed the correlation between vitamin D levels and its effect on warning signs of the dengue fever. Further, we have investigated whether coinfection with H. pylori has any effect on warning signs in the dengue fever patients and the vitamin D deficiency in all serotypes of the dengue virus infected patients. Methods In this case control study the association of the vitamin D levels with age, gender and H. pylori coinfection in dengue fever hospitalized patients was assessed using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Four hundred dengue fever patients with H. pylori coinfection were compared with 400 dengue negative controls with H. pylori coinfection. The mean age was 29.96 ± 10.5 and 29.88 ± 10.7 years among cases and controls, respectively. Most dengue fever patients with H. pylori coinfection were deficient in vitamin D compared with negative dengue controls with H. pylori coinfection. In multivariate logistic regression, the dengue cases with H. pylori coinfection were.056 times (95% CI: 0.024, 0.128, P = 0.000) more likely to have vitamin D “deficiency', while compared with the cases who did not have H. pylori coinfection. Conclusion The present study proposes that vitamin D deficiency in dengue fever patients coinfected with H. pylori is much higher than the dengue fever negative controls coinfected with H. pylori. As hypothesized the DENV patient with H. pylori coinfection has vitamin D deficiency as well as increased dengue severity.
Dynamic palaeoredox and exceptional preservation in the Cambrian Spence Shale of Utah

Garson, D.E. , Gaines, R.R. , Droser, M.L. , Liddell, W.D. & Sappenﬁeld, A. 2011: Dynamicpalaeoredox and exceptional preservation in the Cambrian Spence Shale of Utah. Le-thaia, DOI:10.1111⁄j.1502-3931.2011. 00266.xBurgess Shale-type faunas provide a unique glimpse into the diversiﬁcation of metazoanlife during the Cambrian. Although anoxia has long been thought to be a pre-requisitefor this particular type of soft-bodied preservation, the palaeoenvironmental conditionsthat regulated extraordinary preservation have not been fully constrained. In particular,the necessity of bottom water anoxia, long considered a pre-requisite, has been the sub-ject of recent debate. In this study, we apply a micro-stratigraphical, ichnologicalapproachtodeterminebottom wateroxygen conditionsunder,which BurgessShale-typebiotas were preserved in the Middle Cambrian Spence Shale of Utah. Mudstones of theSpence Shale are characterizedby ﬁne scale (mm-cm)alternation between laminated andbioturbated intervals, suggesting high-frequency ﬂuctuations in bottom water oxygena-tion. Whilst background oxygen levels were not high enough to support continuousinfaunal activity, brief intervals of improved bottom water oxygen conditions punctuatethe succession. A diverse skeletonized benthic fauna, including various polymerid trilo-bites, hyolithids, brachiopods and ctenocystoids suggests that complex dysoxic benthiccommunity was established during times when bottom water oxygen conditions werepermissive. Burgess Shale-type preservation within the Spence Shale is largely conﬁnedto non-bioturbated horizons, suggesting that benthic anoxia prevailed in intervals, wherethese fossils were preserved. However, some soft-bodied fossils are found within weaklyto moderately bioturbated intervals (Ichnofabric Index 2 and 3). This suggests that Bur-gess Shale-type preservation is strongly favoured by bottom water anoxia, but may notrequire it in all cases. h Anoxia, Burgess Shale, Burgess Shale type-preservation, LangstonFormation, Spence Shale Member,Utah.Daniel E. Garson [daniel.garson@gmail.com], Department of Earth Sciences, University ofCalifornia, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Robert R. Gaines [Robert.Gaines@pomona.edu],Geology Department, Pomona College, 185 E. Sixth St., Claremont, CA 91711, USA; MaryL. Droser [mary.droser@ucr.edu], Department of Earth Sciences, University of California,Riverside, CA 92521, USA; W. David Liddel [dave.liddell@usu.edu], Department ofGeology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4505, USA; Aaron Sappenﬁeld[aaron. sappenﬁeld@email.ucr.edu], Department of Earth Sciences, University of California,Riverside, CA 92521, USA; manuscript received on 14 September 2010; manuscript acceptedon 04 February 2011.
Applying deep learning to C# call sequence synthesis

Many common programming tasks, like connecting to a database, drawing an image, or reading from a file, are long implemented in various frameworks and are available via corresponding Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). However, to use them, a software engineer must first learn of their existence and then of the correct way to utilize them. Currently, the Internet seems to be the best and the most common way to gather such information. Recently, a deep-learning-based solution was proposed in the form of DeepAPI tool. Given English description of the desired functionality, sequence of Java function calls is generated. In this paper, we show the way to apply this approach to a different programming language (C# over Java) that has smaller open code base; we describe techniques used to achieve results close to the original, as well as techniques that failed to produce an impact. Finally, we release our dataset, code and trained model to facilitate further research.
Mitigating Effect of Ginger against Oxidative Stress Induced by Atrazine Herbicides in Mice Liver and Kidney

Pesticide chemicals may induce oxidative stress leading to generation of free radicals and alterations in antioxidants or oxygen free radical (OFR) scavenging enzymes. Hence, the effect of sub-chronic atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6- isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) exposure was evaluated on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant power, glutathione and OFR scavenging enzymes in albino mice. Experimental animals were administered atrazine (1/8 LD50) and/or ginger (120 mg/ kg body weight, each alternative day) intraperitoneally for 14 days. There was higher level of malondialdehyde in liver and not in kidney of mice treated with atrazine than control animals. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were decreased in liver and kidney tissue in atrazine-treated animals compared to the control. A highly significant increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity was observed in liver of treated animals. Results indicated that the reduced glutathione (GSH) content of the liver only and not in kidney of atrazine-treated mice was significantly decreased as compared to the control group. Co-administration of ginger along with atrazine restored the hepatic GSH content nearly to control levels, decreased the level of lipid peroxidation and improved all the antioxidant enzymes as well as antioxidant power. In conclusion, results of the study demonstrated that atrazine induced oxidative stress in liver and kidney, in terms of decreased activities of the various antioxidant enzymes, increased of lipid peroxidation and decreased content of reduced glutathione and antioxidant power. However, ginger administration ameliorated the effects of atrazine, suggesting that ginger is a potential antioxidant against atrazine-induced oxidative stress.
Artificial Prediction Markets, Forecast Combinations and Classical Time Series

Economic agents often face situations, where there are multiple competing forecasts available. Despite five decades of research on forecast combinations, most of the methods introduced so far fail to outperform the equal weights forecast combination in empirical applications. In this study, we gather a wide spectrum of forecast combination methods and reexamine these findings in two different classical economic times series forecasting applications. These include out-ofsample combining forecasts from the ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters and forecasts of the realized volatility of the U.S. Treasury futures log-returns. We asses the performance of artificial predictions markets, a class of machine learning methods, which has not yet been applied to the problem of combining economic times series forecasts. Furthermore, we propose a new simple method called Market for Kernels, which is designed specifically for combining time series forecasts. We found that equal weights can be significantly outperformed by several forecast combinations, including Bates-Granger methods and artificial prediction markets in the ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters application and by almost all examined forecast combinations in the financial application. We also found that the Market for Kernels forecast performance is comparable to the best forecast combinations from the literature in both of the applications. JEL Classification C00, C53, C58
Pros and Cons of Protein Manufacturing: Leverage Omics Data in Research, Diagnostics and Drug Discovery

Proteins are essential biomolecules for use in research, diagnostics, and therapy; however, toxicity and side effects, lack of activity and specificity of the manufactured proteins arise due to altered properties and factors derived from the complexity of their structures, cellular specificity of action, dynamic folding, and reactivity. In vivo, proteins perform diverse functions and may play multiple roles, such as enzymatic activity coupled with genetic regulation, membranes traffic and rearrangements, molecular transport or transmission, among many others. Reactive amino acid residues on the protein surfaces participate in signal transduction pathways via cascades of reversible interactions and redox reactions. In isolated form, proteins lose the support of the native environment, resulting in loss of functional states. The replacement of the cellular compounds by appropriate organic and inorganic molecules is critical during protein production to keep them in a homogeneous state that is as close as possible to that of the native system. In addition, the formation of homo-oligomers may inactivate proteins, triggering immune responses in the targeted cells. It is challenging to identify the multiple factors that can affect protein properties during the entire process of production from cloning to manufacturing. The fast growth of bioinformatic tools and databases allow statistical evaluation of a large variety of those critical factors and how they contribute to the manufacturing process. By applying innovative multidisciplinary and design of experiments approaches, a rapid reduction of the variables is achievable and thus can bring about results that are more consistent to improve the quality of the manufactured proteins and the success in clinical trials. The review article provides examples of enzyme and antibody production for use in research, diagnostics, and drug discovery.
Brand Experience, Trust Components, and Customer Loyalty: Sustainable Malaysian SME Brands Study

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have been competing for survival in the business arena among established organizations. Competitive foodservice business today requires a unique and lasting brand experience to capture customer loyalty. Despite that, earning customer trust is vital to ensure ongoing revenue and profit for business sustainability. Due to the significance contribution from SMEs in the service sector to the nation economy, this study will examine the relationship between brand experience, trust dimensions (i.e. intentions and reliability), and customer loyalty on sustainable SME brands in Malaysia. Data were collected from 220 customers through intercept survey method. The result from SmartPLS 2.0 analysis provides significant support for every direct path between brand experience, intentions, reliability, and brand loyalty. Meaningful insights from the result are provided for SME owner-managers at the discussion section.
The Jamaican Female Skills Surplus and Earnings Deficit: A Holistic Explanation

This paper addresses the poor socio-economic performance of Jamaican females despite superior human capital. A holistic explanation exploring female lifestyle choices is advanced since discipline-specific theories fail to explain occupational clustering and the resulting earnings gap. It is hypothesized that both reflect lifestyle constraints which may be linked to characteristics of the social environment. Since these constraints affect different groups of women differently then policies designed to reduce occupational dis-similarity and female-male earnings gap must adapt a dis-aggregated analysis. Catherine Hakims model of female dis-aggregation and data from the World Banks Living Standards Measurement Survey LSMS are used to advance the underlying thesis. (authors)
Malaysian Spending Patterns Prior to Goods and Services Tax (GST) Implementation

Do Malaysian consumers have fair knowledge about GST, is there a strong association between gender and spending patterns, and do demographic factors strongly influence level of spending among Malaysian consumers were issues addressed in this study. 730 respondents were selected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire a week after the implementation of GST. Study findings showed that Malaysian consumers do have fair knowledge about GST and will still give priority to accommodation, followed by groceries, food, transportation, clothing, communications/internet and entertainment. There were no strong association between gender and spending patterns. However, Age and work sectors appeared to significantly influence the pattern. Based on our Logistics Regression Analysis, we predict that people would not spend after GST is implemented , thus, the implementation of GST will not get its desired results. We proposed that the Ministry of Finance, among other measures, should consider adding more products/ services in zero-rated basket.
Bond strength of reinforcement in splices in beams

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the bond strength between reinforcement and concrete. Large sized nine beams, which were produced from concrete with approximately fc' =3 0 MPa, were tested. Each beam was designed to include two bars in tension, spliced at the center of the span. The splice length was selected so that bars would fail in bond, splitting the concrete cover in the splice region, before reaching the yield point. In all experiments, the variable used was the reinforcing bar diameter. In the experiments, beam specimens were loaded in positive bending with the splice in a constant moment region. In consequence, as the bar diameter increased, bond strength and ductility reduced but, however, the stiffnesses of the beams (resistance to deflection) increased. Morever, a empirical equation was obtained to calculate the bond strength of reinforcement and this equation was compared with Orangun et al. (1977) and Esfahani and Rangan (1998). There was a good agreement between the values computed from the predictive equation and those computed from equations of Orangun et al. (1977) and Esfahani and Rangan (1998).
THE DETERMINANTS OF THE PRIVATE VALUE OF PATENTED INVENTIONS

By using survey data on a large sample of European patents, we estimate the determinants of a composite indicator of patent value that summarizes information from many indirect indicators commonly employed by the literature. The elasticity of man-months on the value of one patent is small, 4%, while that on the number of patents in the portfolio of technically connected patents is higher, about 20%. This is in line with Rosenberg’s view of the innovation process: firms can better control the number of innovations than their economic value, which depends on many factors (demand or complementary inventions) outside their control. The paper also finds that more experienced inventors, with more past citations, exploit incremental trajectories, as implied by the fact that they produce very efficiently many innovations of lower value. In addition, we find that education (PhD) replaces many years of age-related experience, and that portfolios of higher values are more likely to come from PhDs (or older inventors) who have not yet produced major inventions.
SIMULATIONS OF THE PAIRWISE KINEMATIC SUNYAEV–ZEL’DOVICH SIGNAL

The pairwise kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) signal from galaxy clusters is a probe of their line of sight momenta, and thus a potentially valuable source of cosmological information. In addition to the momenta, the amplitude of the measured signal depends on the properties of the intracluster gas and observational limitations such as errors in determining cluster centers and redshifts. In this work, we simulate the pairwise kSZ signal of clusters at , using the output from a cosmological N-body simulation and including the properties of the intracluster gas via a model that can be varied in post-processing. We find that modifications to the gas profile due to star formation and feedback reduce the pairwise kSZ amplitude of clusters by , relative to the naive “gas traces mass” assumption. We demonstrate that miscentering can reduce the overall amplitude of the pairwise kSZ signal by up to 10%, while redshift errors can lead to an almost complete suppression of the signal at small separations. We confirm that a high-significance detection is expected from the combination of data from current generation, high-resolution cosmic microwave background experiments, such as the South Pole Telescope, and cluster samples from optical photometric surveys, such as the Dark Energy Survey. Furthermore, we forecast that future experiments such as Advanced ACTPol in conjunction with data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument will yield detection significances of at least , and up to in an optimistic scenario. Our simulated maps are publicly available at http://www.hep. anl.gov/cosmology/ksz.html.
A study on reproductive efficiency of artiﬁcial inseminations in swine with PRIMX cell and NBSE diluted boar semen with natural and synchronized estrus

The two main objectives of the present study were a) To compare fertility results of artificial insemination performed with liquid boar semen diluted in PRIMXcell and NBSE extenders. b) To study the efficacy of PGF2α (175 μg D-Cloprostenol) for synchronization of estrus in seasonal infertile pigs. An experiment was designed with 32 crossbred LWY pigs which were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 (12 cycling animals) and group 2 (20 seasonal anestrus pigs) which were further divided into two subgroups (6 animals in each sub group) to study the efficiency of PRIMXcell and NBSE extenders. The animals which responded for D-cloprostenol i.m. injection were 60% (12 of 20). The mean interval for onset of estrus was 3.75 ± 0.44 days, mean duration of estrus was 42.00 ± 1.80 h. The overall conception rate (%) was higher with NBSE than PRIMXcell (75 Vs 66) which did not differ significantly. The results of the present study indicate that AI can be practiced with NBSE which is as good as PRIMXcell.
T5lephone: Bridging Speech and Text Self-Supervised Models for Spoken Language Understanding Via Phoneme Level T5

In Spoken language understanding (SLU), a natural solution is concatenating pre-trained speech models (e.g. HuBERT) and pretrained language models (PLM, e.g. T5). Most previous works use pre-trained language models with subword-based tokenization. However, the granularity of input units affects the alignment of speech model outputs and language model inputs, and PLM with character-based tokenization is underexplored. In this work, we conduct extensive studies on how PLMs with different tokenization strategies affect spoken language understanding task including spoken question answering (SQA) and speech translation (ST). We further extend the idea to create T5lephone1, a variant of T5 that is pretrained using phonemicized text. We initialize T5lephone with existing PLMs to pretrain it using relatively lightweight computational resources. We reached state-of-the-art on NMSQA, and the T5lephone model exceeds T5 with other types of units on end-to-end SQA and ST. Our code is publicly available.2
The mixing state of aerosols over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain and its impact on radiative forcing

Seasonal variations in mixing states of aerosols over an urban (Kanpur) and a rural location (Gandhi College) in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) are determined using the measured and modelled optical properties, and the impact of aerosol mixing state on radiative forcing is examined. Different fractions of black carbon (BC) and water‐soluble aerosols in core‐shell mixing emerged as the probable mixing state during winter, monsoon and post‐monsoon over Kanpur. The degree of mixing, i.e. the percentage mass fraction of aerosols involved in core‐shell mixing, is found to exhibit seasonal variations. Owing to the abundance of mineral dust (MD) during the pre‐monsoon, MD coated by BC emerges as the most probable mixing state. Top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) forcing changes its sign from positive for external mixing to negative for different probable mixing states during the pre‐monsoon over both locations, as single scattering albedo is lower for external mixing. However, for other seasons, the TOA forcing is negative for external and different probable core‐shell mixing states of aerosols. Surface aerosol forcing for probable mixing state during the post‐monsoon is higher (−44 W m−2) over Kanpur, and is lower (−24 W m−2) over Gandhi College. A regression between instantaneous model‐derived aerosol forcing and AERONET‐measured forcing yielded r2 > 0.9, which confirms the robustness of the methodology adopted to retrieve aerosol optical properties and estimate forcing. Heating rates over Kanpur and Gandhi College during the pre‐monsoon and monsoon are ∼0.75 K d−1 and ∼0.5 K d−1 respectively. Differences exist between measured and model‐derived asymmetry parameter, g, owing to the non‐sphericity of aerosols. However, aerosol radiative forcing is found to be weakly sensitive to the variation in g due to high (> 0.2) surface albedo. The modelling study provides new insights into the state of aerosol mixing, and indicates that aerosol mixing can vary depending on the type and abundance of aerosol species. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Association between effect of reception and game procedures in high-level Brazilian volleyball: The case of the women’s “Superliga” champion team

The present study aimed to analyze the association between effect of reception and game procedures practiced by the women’s “superliga” champion team in the side-out, as well as the behavior of the opposing central blocker, according to the performance level of the opposing team. The sample was composed of the observation of 21 games of the 2015-2016 Women’s “Superliga” champion team. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, SPSS software version 20.0 for Windows and significance of p≤0.05. The results showed that there was an association between performance level of the opposing team with the effect of reception (χ2=12.96 and ɸ =0,14, p=0,01), as well the effect of reception with the central blocker disposal (χ2=13.70 and ɸ =0.14, p=0.01), with the attack tempo (χ2=353.27 and ɸ =0.72, p<0.001), with the attack site (χ2=91.05 and ɸ =0.36, p<0.001) and the attack effect (χ2=30.11 and ɸ =0.21, p<0.001) according to the performance level of the opposing team. Together, the results showed that there were differences in the game procedures according to the opposing team classification, contributing to a better understanding of the game played in high-level women’s volleyball.