Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Restricted EM Algorithm for Maximum Likelihood Estimation Under Linear Restrictions on the Parameters

The R e s t r i c t e d E M A l g o r i t h m f o r M a x i m u m L i k e l i h o o d E s t i m a t i o n U n d e r Linear R e s t r i c t i o n s on the Parameters Author(s): Dong K . K i m and J e r e m y M . G . T a y l o r Source: Journal of the American Statistical Association, V o l . 90, No. 430 (Tun., 1995), pp. 708¬ Published b y : American Statistical Association Stable U R L : http://www.jstor.org/stable/2291083 Accessed: 25/05/2011 17:26 Y o u r use of the J S T O R archive indicates your acceptance of J S T O R ' s Terms and Conditions of U s e , available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. J S T O R ' s Terms and Conditions of U s e provides, i n part, that unless y o u have obtained prior permission, y o u may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and y o u may use content i n the J S T O R archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher? publisherCode=astata. E a c h copy of any part of a J S T O R transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. J S T O R is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and b u i l d upon a wide range of content i n a trusted digital archive. W e use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. F o r more information about J S T O R , please contact support@jstor.org. iPv! H 1 American Statistical Association is collaborating with J S T O R to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the American Statistical Association. m STOR http://www.jstor.org
Bis(1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methyl­imidazolium) tetrabromo­palladate(II)

In the title ionic compound, (C8H15N2)2[PdBr4], the asymmetric unit consists of one square-planar [PdBr4]2− anion and two 1-n-butyl-3-methyl­imidazolium, [Bmim]+, cations, where the imidazolium rings are planar and the β C atoms of the butyl substitutes are bent away from the ring planes at angles of 111.9 (3) and 112.3 (4)°. One methyl H atom and three ring H atoms of one of the two [Bmim]+ cations form C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds (2.81—2.92 A and 157–165°), whereas the other cation is only involved in one hydrogen bond. Br atoms involved in hydrogen bonds are trans in the [PdBr4]2− ion.
Mastering the Requirements Process

● The teaching chapters are reinforced with hands-on workshops. ● Discuss issues with an instructor who has real-world experience. ● Learn industry-proven requirements techniques. ● In the final session, through discussions, interaction and demonstrations, you ensure that you have the requirements process that is suitable for your organization. ● Receive the Volere Requirements Specification Template with advice on how to make this your own template. ● Receive a copy of Suzanne and James Robertson's book Mastering the Requirements Process Second Edition. Special Features
Current mode BiCMOS folded source-coupled logic circuits

A new BiCMOS Folded Source-Coupled Logic (Bi-FSCL) circuit is proposed. This is an improved version of CMOS Folded Source-Coupled Logic (C-FSCL). An Emitter Follower (EF) is implemented at the output of C-FSCL to obtain the Bi-FSCL gate. It has been shown that by using this EF, the output of the BiFSCL is faster than C-FSCL and capable of driving higher load (higher fan-out) at low supply voltage. Thorough current steering and charge storage analysis was performed for the folded source-coupled logic techniques. This paper focuses on simulated results based on a 2 /spl mu/m n-well BiCMOS process. The simulations were carried out using BSIM parameters at a supply voltage of 3.3 V. Implementation of a NAND/AND gate is also presented.
Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency as Properties of Language Performance: The Development of the Multiple Subsystems over Time and in Relation to Each Other

Applied linguists have identified three components of second language (L2) performance: complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) to measure L2 development. Many studies researching CAF found trade-off effects (in which a higher performance in one component corresponds to lower performance in another) during tasks, often in online oral language performance. Trade-off effects are attributed to the inability of the learner to simuletaneously attend to all components at the highest level possible. Although cross-sectional research has suggested that students at different proficiency levels sacrifice performance in one CAF area while improving in another, there has been little longitudinal research about CAF (Ortega & Iberri-Shea, 2005). As such, previous research could not address if CAF grows linearly over time nor if the rate of CAF growth is the same for all learners. The current study explicitly addresses how language performance in CAF changes over L2 development in an instructed environment. This longitudinal study analyzed English L2 oral data from sixty-six students from Arabic, Chinese, and Korean language backgrounds over 3-9 months in the English Language Institute at the University of Pittsburgh. Elicited speeches were transcribed, coded, and assessed with three measures of structural complexity, a measure of lexical variety, two measures of accuracy, and three measures of fluency. The scores were then analyzed with hierarchical linear modeling (Singer & Willett, 2003) to investigate how each student’s performance changed over time for each measure and to determine predictive variables. Although individual differences were found in initial scores (often proficiency differences, but not for all measures), growth trajectories were the same for all measures, except one grammatical complexity measure (length of AS unit) where slopes differed by gender. All measures showed growth, and only two measures (lexical variety and a mean length of fluent run) showed non-linear growth. Trade-off effects found in cross-sectional studies were not found in these longitudinal data even though within-individual and between-individual correlations were also calculated. Additionally, the results may suggest that instructed language performance growth is uniform, rather than along individual paths. The research also serves to evaluate the measures, which has research and pedagogical implications.
Modelling Asynchronous Message Passing In Small Cluster Environments

Abstract The overall performance characteristics of cluster systems depend heavily on the pattern and on the amount of communication between the nodes. The performance may be improved by using asynchronous (nonblocking) message passing, because it allows communication and computation to overlap, thereby hiding a part of the communication overhead. This paper develops an analytical model to capture the performance-related issues of asynchronous communication in a small, fully switched cluster environment. The parameters of the model can be identified from measurable program and hardware characteristics, allowing the model to anticipate the performance behaviour of complex parallel applications. The paper's main contribution is to describe the effect of parallel communication channels on the effective bandwidth of a single node. The model is validated by comparing the predicted and measured performance of two different broadcast primitives for a range of message sizes as a function of the number of the participating nodes.
Adaptive disturbance rejection using ARMARKOV system representations

An adaptive disturbance rejection algorithm is developed for the standard control problem. The MIMO system and controller are represented as ARMARKOV/Toeplitz models, and the parameter matrix of the compensator is updated online by means of a gradient algorithm. The algorithm requires minimal knowledge of the plant, specifically, the numerator of the ARMARKOV transfer function from control to performance is required. No knowledge about the spectrum of the disturbance is needed. Experimental results demonstrating tonal and broadband disturbance rejection in an acoustic duct are presented.
Crime as a social cost of poverty and inequality: a review focusing on developing countries

When rural life was still dominant in nowadays industrialized countries, cities were often seen by villagers as the domain of evil, the realm of corruption and violence. The process of accelerated urbanization and economic development was then seen as inherently wicked. The widely publicized criminality and violence observed today in several metropolises of both the developed and developing world would seem to justify a posteriori this bucolic bias. The alarming surge of crime and violence in Mexico, Rio or Sao Paulo during the last 20 years or so might indeed be the result of an excessively rapid growth of these 'gigapolises'. Likewise, the increasing minor cirminality experienced today in many large cities' suburbs in developed countries might be the delayed consequences of an urbanization process which was too quick and insufficiently controlled.
Research Productivity of Alagappa University during 1999-2011: A Bibliometric Study

The study analysed the author productivity, discipline-wise and institution-wise collaboration and ranking of authors in research contribution of Alagappa University during 1999-2011. Relative growth rate (RGR) was found to be fluctuating trend during the study period. The doubling time (DT) was found to be increased and decreased trend in this study. Degree of collaboration and its’ mean value is found to be 0.963. The top three institutions with Alagappa University are Central Electro Chemical Research Institute, National Cheng King University, and Anna University. http://dx.doi. org/10.14429/djlit.33. 3.4609
Caractérisation du détecteur à fibre scintillante plastique commercial et étude sur la réduction de dose aux appareils cardiaques implantables par blindage de plomb

The recent development of the spectral method for correction of the Čerenkov light in plastic scintillation detectors (PSD) have led to the first commercial dosimeter of this type, the Exradin W1 (STANDARD IMAGING INC., Middleton, WI, U.S.). As any new commercial dosimeter, it had to be characterized and validated in different situations of radiation. The first purpose of this project was to perform this validation. The results of characterization have shown that PSD is an efficient dosimeter to make out-of-field doses measurements as required in the evaluation of the feasibility of using a lead sheet to reduce dose to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices, CIED. Measurements performed with PSD shown an important reduction of doses by the shielding for square anterior-posterior field (40 % to 80 %) and also for complex clinical treatments (5 % to 45 %).
Robust adaptive consensus tracking for higher‐order multi‐agent uncertain systems with nonlinear dynamics via distributed intermittent communication protocol

This paper considers the robust adaptive consensus tracking for higher‐order multi‐agent uncertain systems with nonlinear dynamics via distributed intermittent communication protocol. The main contribution of this work is solving the robust consensus tracking problem without the assumption that the topology among followers is strongly connected and fixed. The focus is the problem of actuator with occasional failure inputs and communication resources constraints. A novel distributed intermittent communication framework is proposed via adaptive approach. In this framework, the underlying communication topologies switch among several directed graphs with a limited directed spanning tree rooted at a leader agent. Furthermore, by introducing a strategy of actuator fault compensation inputs, a combination of robust consensus tracking protocol is designed by the different adaptive feedback controllers. It is proved that the robust adaptive consensus tracking can be achieved by using local states information of neighboring agents if the communication retention rate condition is satisfied. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass storage system reference model, Version 4

The high-level abstractions that underlie modern storage systems are identified. The information to generate the model was collected from major practitioners who have built and operated large storage facilities, and represents a distillation of the wisdom they have acquired over the years. The model provides a common terminology and set of concepts to allow existing systems to be examined and new systems to be discussed and built. It is intended that the model and the interfaces identified from it will allow and encourage vendors to develop mutually-compatible storage components that can be combined to form integrated storage systems and services. The reference model presents an abstract view of the concepts and organization of storage systems. From this abstraction will come the identification of the interfaces and modules that will be used in IEEE storage system standards. The model is not yet suitable as a standard; it does not contain implementation decisions, such as how abstract objects should be broken up into software modules or how software modules should be mapped to hosts; it does not give policy specifications, such as when files should be migrated; does not describe how the abstract objects should be used or connected; and does not refer to specific hardware components. In particular, it does not fully specify the interfaces.
Data-driven evaluation of Contextual Bandit algorithms and applications to Dynamic Recommendation

The context of this thesis work is dynamic recommendation. Recommendation is the action, for an intelligent system, to supply a user of an application with personalized content so as to enhance what is refered to as ”user experience” e.g. recommending a product on a merchant website or even an article on a blog. Recommendation is considered dynamic when the content to recommend or user tastes evolve rapidly e.g. news recommendation. Many applications that are of interest to us generates a tremendous amount of data through the millions of online users they have. Nevertheless, using this data to evaluate a new recommendation technique or even compare two dynamic recommendation algorithms is far from trivial. This is the problem we consider here. Some approaches have already been proposed. Nonetheless they were not studied very thoroughly both from a theoretical point of view (unquantified bias, loose convergence bounds.) and from an empirical one (experiments on private data only). In this work we start by filling many blanks within the theoretical analysis. Then we comment on the result of an experiment of unprecedented scale in this area: a public challenge we organized. This challenge along with a some complementary experiments revealed a unexpected source of a huge bias: time acceleration. The rest of this work tackles this issue. We show that a bootstrap-based approach allows to significantly reduce this bias and more importantly to control it.
The Nature of Expertise in Scheduling: The Case of Timetabling

This study aims to gain greater insight into scheduling expertise by comparing the work of experts and novices when designing a university timetable. We assumed that the scheduling activity would take place within two dual spaces: the constraints space (CS) and the objects space (OS). Constraints are defined in the strictest sense as relations between variables that cannot be represented in the solution (timetable), whereas objects are constraint satisfactions that can be thus represented. The study shows that experts were more likely than novices to use external representations as activity support. They satisfied many constraints with partially defined objects. On the contrary, novices devoted a long time to managing constraints in their heads before defining only fully specified objects (concrete objects). The objects space could be a suitable activity support for experts. Novices, on the other hand, could benefit from support in managing constraints and translating constraints into objects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HYSEP: A Computer Program for Streamflow Hydrograph Separation and Analysis

HYSEP is a computer program that can be used to separate a streamflow hydrograph into base-flow and surface-runoff components. The base-flow component has traditionally been associated with ground-water discharge and the surface-runoff component with precipitation that enters the stream as overland runoff. HYSEP includes three methods of hydrograph separation that are referred to in the literature as the fixed-interval, sliding-interval, and localminimum methods. The program also describes the frequency and duration of measured streamflow and computed base flow and surface runoff. Daily mean stream discharge is used as input to the program in either an American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) or binary format. Output from the program includes tables, graphs, and data files. Graphical output may be plotted on the computer screen or output to a printer, plotter, or metafile.
The syntactic phenomena of English

This second edition of James D. McCawley's classic textbook offers in one volume a complete course in the syntactic structure of English. New to this edition are sections on appositive constructions, parasitic gaps, contrastive negation, and comparative conditional sentences, as well as expanded coverage of cleft sentences and free relatives. The presentation is coherent, comprehensive, and systematically organized, beginning with an overview of McCawley's approach to syntactic analysis and progressing through the major constructions and processes of English grammar. No prior special knowledge of syntax is presupposed, and the number and variety of exercises after each chapter have been increased.
Verbnet: a broad-coverage, comprehensive verb lexicon

Despite the proliferation of approaches to lexicon development, the field of natural language processing has yet to develop a clear consensus on guidelines for computational verb lexicons, which has severely limited their utility in information processing applications. James Pustejovsky's Generative Lexicon has concentrated on nouns rather than verbs. WordNet does not provide a comprehensive account of possible syntactic frames and predicate argument structures associated with individual verb senses and ComLex provides syntactic frames but ignores sense distinctions. Dorr's LCS lexicon attempts to address these limitations, but does not provide broad coverage of syntactic frames or different senses or links to actual instances in corpora. In order to address this gap, we created VerbNet, a verb lexicon compatible with Word-Net but with explicitly stated syntactic and semantic information, using Levin verb classes to systematically construct lexical entries. Classes are hierarchically organized to ensure that all their members have common semantic and syntactic properties. Each class in the hierarchy is characterized extensionally by its set of verbs, and intensionally by syntactic frames and semantic predicates and a list of typical verb arguments. One of VerbNet's primary applications has been as a basis for Parameterized Action Representations (PARs), which are used to animate the actions of virtual human agents in a simulated 3D environment. In order to support the animation of the actions, PARs have to make explicit many details that are often underspecified in the language. This detailed level of representation also provides a suitable pivot representation for generation in other natural languages, i.e., a form of interlingua. To evaluate VerbNet's syntactic coverage it has been mapped to the Proposition Bank. VerbNet syntactic frames account for over 84% exact matches to the frames found in PropBank. VerbNet provides mappings between its verbs and WordNet senses and between its verbs and FameNet II frames, and mappings between the syntactic frames and Xtag tree families. All these resources are complementary and can be used as extensions of each other. The original set of classes described by Levin has been refined and extended in many ways through systematic efforts: the coverage experiment against PropBank corpus instances proposed a large set of new syntactic frames and a better treatment of prepositions; new classes from Korhonen and Briscoe's resource were integrated into the lexicon; and new members from the LCS database were added. Taking advantage of VerbNet's class-based approach automatic acquisition methods were investigated. Additional verbs derived from Kingsbury's clustering experiments and from Loper's VerbNet-WordNet correlation experiment were integrated into the lexicon. These experiments show that it is possible to semi-automatically supplement and tune VerbNet with novel information from corpus data. These approaches reduce the manual classification and enable easy adaptation of the lexicon to specific tasks and applications.
A robotic welding system using image processing techniques and a CAD model to provide information to a multi-intelligent decision module

Purpose – The paper aims to propose a system that uses a combination of techniques to suggest weld requirements for ships parts. These suggestions are evaluated, decisions are made and then weld parameters are sent to a program generator.Design/methodology/approach – A pattern recognition system recognizes shipbuilding parts using shape contour information. Fourier‐descriptors provide information and neural networks make decisions about shapes.Findings – The system has distinguished between various parts and programs have been generated so that the methods have proved to be valid approaches.Practical implications – The new system used a rudimentary curvature metric that measured Euclidean distance between two points in a window but the improved accuracy and ease of implementation can benefit other applications concerning curve approximation, node tracing, and image processing, but especially in identifying images of manufactured parts with distinct corners.Originality/value – A new proposed system has bee.