Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BENEFICIATION OF ARSENIC BEARING COMPLEX SULPHIDE ORE BY FLOTATION

In this study beneficiation of a sulphide ore from the Gumushane-Black Sea Region of Turkey was investigated. Detailed flotation studies were carried out with the ore sample which contained 2.95% Pb, 6.72% Zn and 0.32% Cu. Mineralogical analyses showed that the sample includes pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tennantite, cerussite, anglesite and smithsonite. On the other hand, hematite, goethite, limonite, calcite and quartz were determined as gangue minerals. Selective sulphide concentrates with low arsenic content were tried to be produced by froth flotation. Individual concentrates of Pb, Zn and Cu assayed 67.54% Pb, and 61.49% Zn and 23.31% Cu where corresponding recoveries were 73.0% and 77.1% and 38.7%, respectively. Arsenic contents were less than 2000 ppm in the lead and zinc con- centrates. Copper concentrate assayed 5.03% As since the major copper minerals were in tennantite form (copper arsenic sulphide mineral). In flotation tests, non-toxic reagents such as metabisulphite, caustified starch, and activated carbon were used to depress minerals in relevant circuits.
Vaccination Program against HPV in Women with Excisional Treatment Due to Preneoplasic Cervical Lesions in the Region of Murcia : Results of the First Year

Introduction: Vaccination against HPV in women who underwent surgery due to high-grade CIN 2+ cervical lesions may reduce reinfection/reactivation. The Region of Murcia (Spain) launched a vaccination program of these women in April 2014. Our goal is to describe the demographic and health characteristics of the women included in the first 12 months of the program. 1.2. Material and methods: The women were derived to three regional centers for being vaccinated. A database collected compliance with the vaccine guidelines, prevalent HPV genotypes distribution, lesion causing the excisional procedure (conization) and age. A telephone survey on vaccine reactogenicity and tolerance was conducted. Results: 200 women met the criteria to receive free immunization, 170 women, 85% (95% confidence interval 79.3, 89.6) completed immunization. The most frequently detected genotypes were 16 [63.5% of cases (95% confidence interval 54.6, 71.9)], 31 [13.9% (95% confidence interval 8.5, 21.1)] and 33 [7.7% (95% confidence interval 3.8, 13.8)]. 53% (95% confidence interval 46, 60) of women requiring cervical conization had CIN 3, 43% (95% confidence interval 36, 50) had CIN 2 and 4%(95% confidence interval 1, 7) had CIS. 65% (95% confidence interval 53, 75) of the women surveyed said not having suffered any adverse reaction; pain [21% (95% confidence interval 12, 31)] and inflammation [9.1% (95% confidence interval 3.7, 17.8)] were the most common adverse reactions. No woman required treatment from adverse reactions. Discussion and conclusions: The implementation of the program is a successful strategy, with a 85% rate of posology compliance. We expect that the vaccine used will provide direct or cross-protection against the re-infection caused byhigh-risk vaccine and non-vaccine genotypes. The acceptability and vaccine safety was optimal.
Can sparse proxy data constrain the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

Abstract. In a feasibility study, the potential of proxy data for the temperature and salinity during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, about 19 000 to 23 000 years before present) in constraining the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) with a general ocean circulation model was explored. The proxy data were simulated by drawing data from four different model simulations at the ocean sediment core locations of the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean surface (MARGO) project, and perturbing these data with realistic noise estimates. The results suggest that our method has the potential to provide estimates of the past strength of the AMOC even from sparse data, but in general, paleo-sea-surface temperature data without additional prior knowledge about the ocean state during the LGM is not adequate to constrain the model. On the one hand, additional data in the deep-ocean and salinity data are shown to be highly important in estimating the LGM circulation. On the other hand, increasing the amount of surface data alone does not appear to be enough for better estimates. Finally, better initial guesses to start the state estimation procedure would greatly improve the performance of the method. Indeed, with a sufficiently good first guess, just the sea-surface temperature data from the MARGO project promise to be sufficient for reliable estimates of the strength of the AMOC.
ORION’S VEIL. IV. H2 EXCITATION AND GEOMETRY

The foreground Veil of material that lies in front of the Orion Nebula is the best studied sample of the interstellar medium because we know where it is located, how it is illuminated, and the balance of thermal and magnetic energy. In this work, we present high-resolution STIS observations toward the Trapezium, with the goal of better understanding the chemistry and geometry of the two primary Veil layers, along with ionized gas along the line of sight. The most complete characterization of the rotational/vibrational column densities of H2 in the almost purely atomic components of the Veil are presented, including updates to the Cloudy model for H2 formation on grain surfaces. The observed H2 is found to correlate almost exclusively with Component B. The observed H2, observations of CI, CI*, and CI**, and theoretical calculations using Cloudy allow us to place the tightest constraints yet on the distance, density, temperature, and other physical characteristics for each cloud component. We find the H2 excitation spectrum observed in the Veil is incompatible with a recent study that argued that the Veil was quite close to the Trapezium. The nature of a layer of ionized gas lying between the Veil and the Trapezium is characterized through the emission and absorption lines it produces, which we find to be the blueshifted component observed in S iii and P iii absorption. We deduce that, within the next 30–60 thousand years, the blueshifted ionized layer and Component B will merge, which will subsequently merge with Component A in the next one million years.
Ribosomal Tag Pyrosequencing of DNA and RNA Reveals “Rare” Taxa with High Protein Synthesis Potential in the Sediment of a Hypersaline Lake in Western Australia

ABSTRACT Little is known about the potential activity of microbial communities in hypersaline sediment ecosystems. Ribosomal tag libraries of DNA and RNA extracted from the sediment of Lake Strawbridge (Western Australia) revealed bacterial and archaeal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with high RNA/DNA ratios providing evidence for the presence of ‘rare’ but potentially “active” taxa. Among the ‘rare’ bacterial taxa Halomonas, Salinivibrio and Idiomarina showed the highest protein synthesis potential. Rare but ‘active’ archaeal OTUs were related to the KTK 4A cluster and the Marine-Benthic-Groups B and D. We present the first molecular analysis of the microbial diversity and protein synthesis potential of rare microbial taxa in a hypersaline sediment ecosystem.
Test of a magnetic device for the amelioration of scale formation at Treatment Facility D

A commercial device (Descal-A-Matic{reg_sign}, Norfolk, VA) designed to treat water by means of a magnetic field has been evaluated for its effect on the formation of calcite scale at LLNL Treatment Facility D. At this facility, volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) are removed by air stripping, which raises the water pH, causing the deposition of calcium carbonate as calcite scale downstream. To evaluate the magnetic treatment technique, the ground water was passed through the Descal-A-Matic{reg_sign} device before treatment by the air stripping unit, and the resulting scale formation and other water characteristics were compared with those found during a test with no water treatment and a test with chemical treatment with a polyphosphate additive. No beneficial effect was found when using the magnetic device. 6 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.
The 'Average' Within-Sector Firm Heterogeneity in General Oligopolistic Equilibrium

This paper builds a general oligopolistic equilibrium model to investigate how within-sector firm heterogeneities affect wage rate, country-wide profits, and welfare. Using linear inverse demands, I consider asymmetric sectors, each involving n Cournot oligopolists producing horizontally differentiated varieties with constant, though asymmetric, costs. I link a measure of the average within-sector firm heterogeneity with the economy-wide, endogenously determined, and competitive wage rate. For interior equilibriums, the higher the "average" the lower the wage rate. Once general equilibrium feedbacks from wage rate are considered, the "average" has an unclear impact on country-wide profits and welfare, depending on moments of the technology distribution as well as demand parameters. The findings have implications to better understand antitrust and related policies.
Comprehensive numerical modeling of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We present a comprehensive numerical model for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers that includes all major processes affecting cw operation of axisymmetric devices. In particular, our model includes a description of the 2-D transport of electrons and holes through the cladding layers to the quantum well(s), diffusion and recombination of these carriers within the wells, the 2-D transport of heat throughout the device, and a multilateral-mode effective index optical model. The optical gain acquired by photons traversing the quantum wells is computed including the effects of strained band structure and quantum confinement. We employ our model to predict the behavior of higher-order lateral modes in proton-implanted devices and to provide an understanding of index-guiding in devices fabricated using selective oxidation.
Time-varying credit risk and liquidity premia in bond and CDS markets

We develop a reduced-form model that allows us to decompose bond spreads and CDS premia into a pure credit risk component, a pure liquidity component, and a component measuring the relation between credit risk and liquidity. CDS liquidity has important consequences for the bond credit risk and liquidity components. Besides the credit risk link, we document a liquidity link between the bond and the CDS market. Liquidity in both markets dries up as credit risk increases, and higher bond market liquidity leads to lower CDS market liquidity. Ignoring CDS liquidity results in partly negative liquidity premia, particularly when CDS liquidity is low.
Observations of barrier layer formation in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon

Time series of temperature and salinity in the upper ocean,measured at 17degrees30'N, 89degreesE in the northern Bay of Bengal,from 27 July to 6 August 1999 captured an event of upper layer freshening. Initially, the upper layer that is homogeneous in both temperature and salinity was about 30 m deep. Subsequently, the arrival of a freshwater plume caused the depth of the mixed layer to decrease to about 10 m and the salinity in the surface layer by about 4 psu. The plume led to the formation of a new halocline and hence a barrier layer within the upper 30 m of the water column. The ensuing ocean-atmosphere interaction was restricted to the new thinner mixed layer. The cooling that was restricted to the mixed layer led to an inversion in temperature amounting to 0.5degreesC just below the mixed layer. The source of the plume is traced to freshwater from river discharge and rainfall that was advected by Ekman flow as a 15 m thick layer. This study suggests that wind-driven circulation is crucial in determining the path of freshwater in the Bay of Bengal. The fresh water affects the sea surface temperature and ocean-atmosphere coupling through the dependence of the depth of the mixed layer on salinity.
Sobolev interpolation inequalities with weights

We study weighted local Sobolev interpolation inequalities of the form _1_ r lu (x)I Ph Ui 2 (x) dx :S (' (_1_ r lu (x)IP Ii (x) dX)h-1 1172 (B) J Bl' (B) J B x (IBI P / n r lY'u(x)IPw l (x) dx+ _1_ r lu(x)IPu(x) dX) wl(B)JB v(B)JB where I I, B is a ball in R n , and 11, 111 1 , and 1112 are weight functions, The case p = 2 is of special importance in deriv- ing regularity results for solutions of degenerate parabolic equations, We also study the analogous inequality without the second summand on the right in the case u has compact support in B, and we derive global Landau inequalities IIY'uIILq :S cllull~;;-allY'2ull~p, 0 < a < I, I < p :S q < 00, when u has II' /' /' compact support.
Chaff from the Wheat: Characterizing and Determining Valid Bug Reports

Developers use bug reports to triage and fix bugs. When triaging a bug report, developers must decide whether the bug report is <italic>valid</italic> (i.e., a real bug). A large amount of bug reports are submitted every day, with many of them end up being <italic>invalid</italic> reports. Manually determining <italic>valid</italic> bug report is a difficult and tedious task. Thus, an approach that can automatically analyze the validity of a bug report and determine whether a report is <italic>valid</italic> can help developers prioritize their triaging tasks and avoid wasting time and effort on <italic>invalid</italic> bug reports. In this study, motivated by the above needs, we propose an approach which can determine whether a newly submitted bug report is <italic>valid</italic>. Our approach first extracts 33 features from bug reports. The extracted features are grouped along 5 dimensions, i.e., reporter experience, collaboration network, completeness, readability and text. Based on these features, we use a random forest classifier to identify <italic>valid</italic> bug reports. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we experiment on large-scale datasets containing a total of 560,697 bug reports from five open source projects (i.e., Eclipse, Netbeans, Mozilla, Firefox and Thunderbird). On average, across the five datasets, our approach achieves an F1-score for <italic>valid</italic> bug reports and F1-score for <italic>invalid</italic> ones of 0.74 and 0.67, respectively. Moreover, our approach achieves an average AUC of 0.81. In terms of AUC and F1-scores for <italic>valid</italic> and <italic>invalid</italic> bug reports, our approach statistically significantly outperforms two baselines using features that are proposed by Zanetti et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref104">[104]</xref> . We also study the most important features that distinguish <italic>valid</italic> bug reports from <italic>invalid</italic> ones. We find that the textual features of a bug report and reporter's experience are the most important factors to distinguish <italic>valid</italic> bug reports from <italic>invalid</italic> ones.
How Many Model Evaluations Are Required To Predict The AEP Of A Wind Power Plant?

Wind farm flow models have advanced considerably with the use of large eddy simulations (LES) and Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations. The main limitation of these techniques is their high computational time requirements; which makes their use for wind farm annual energy production (AEP) predictions expensive. The objective of the present paper is to minimize the number of model evaluations required to capture the wind power plant's AEP using stationary wind farm flow models. Polynomial chaos techniques are proposed based on arbitrary Weibull distributed wind speed and Von Misses distributed wind direction. The correlation between wind direction and wind speed are captured by defining Weibull-parameters as functions of wind direction. In order to evaluate the accuracy of these methods the expectation and variance of the wind farm power distributions are compared against the traditional binning method with trapezoidal and Simpson's integration rules. The wind farm flow model used in this study is the semi-empirical wake model developed by Larsen [1]. Three test cases are studied: a single turbine, a simple and a real offshore wind power plant. A reduced number of model evaluations for a general wind power plant is proposed based on the convergence of the present method for each case.
Oxidative metabolic changes in pleural fluid of tuberculosis patients

The pleural fluid was aspirated from the tuberculous patients both untreated and under treatment with three months anti-tuberculosis therapy. The amount of malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, and total protein content in pleural fluid of untreated tuberculous patients were found to be significantly higher when compared with under treatment group. The pleural fluid total antioxidant levels were significantly lower in untreated cases in comparison to under treatment. Decrease in the total antioxidant status was more pronounced in untreated cases, established that antioxidants were nearly completely utilized to scavenge the free radicals. Our findings further support the importance of antioxidants in the treatment of tuberculous patient.
Bioremediation of Piping Erosion in Sand

This study aims to explore a remediation method in which organic soil is mixed with sand to increase the sand’s resistance to piping erosion. Our preliminary experiments on internal erosion (piping and suffusion) of fibrous and amorphous peats (with organic contents of 23% and 32%, respectively) using rigid wall and flexible wall setups show that peat does not erode internally even when subjected to hydraulic gradients greater than those typically seen in the field. These initial investigations also suggest that mixing organic soils with erodible sand may reduce the potential for piping erosion. In this study, a mixture of green and manure compost, referred to as co-compost, is used as the source of organic soil. Hole-erosion tests are performed to quantify the erosion of a silty sand, the co-compost, and various ratios of sand–cocompost mixtures. The potential increase in consolidation settlement and reduction in shear strength and permeability due to the addition of organic matter are also investigated. Greater proportions of organic soil mixed with typical construction sand result in increased resistances to piping erosion. With the addition of organic matter to sand, consolidation settlement increases, undrained compression strength decreases, and permeability was reduced by two orders of magnitude.
Long-term in situ observation of barnacle growth on soft substrates with different elasticity and wettability

In this paper, settlement, metamorphosis, and long term growth of barnacles on soft substrates with a wide elasticity range (modulus 0.01–0.47 MPa) as well as with the variation in wettability were investigated for the first time in vitro, in the laboratory environment. Tough double-network (DN) hydrogels and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used as the soft hydrophilic substrates and hydrophobic substrates, respectively, and polystyrene (PS), a hard and hydrophobic substrate, was used as a control. It was observed that (1) the initial settlement and metamorphosis of cyprid larvae dramatically increase with the substrate elastic modulus while not showing an explicit dependence on the substrate wettability; (2) the growth rate of barnacles on both DN gels and PDMSs does not show an explicit dependence on the elasticity of the soft substrates, while it shows a slightly higher value on the hydrophobic PDMSs than on the hydrophilic DN gels; (3) the growth rate on these soft substrates is explicitly lower than that on the rigid PS substrate at the late stage of the growth; (4) the “self-release” phenomenon of barnacles was observed for the PDMS substrate with a modulus higher than 0.01 MPa. Based on these observations, the antifouling effects of the soft substrates on barnacles were discussed.
Population Protocols with Convergence Detection

This paper focuses on pairwise interaction-based protocols, and proposes an universal mechanism that allows each agent to locally detect that the system has converged to the sought configuration with high probability. To illustrate our mechanism, we use it to detect the instant at which the proportion problem is solved. Specifically, let n<inf>A</inf> (resp. n<inf>B</inf>) be the number of agents that initially started in state $A$ (resp. B) and γ<inf>A</inf>= n<inf>A</inf>/n, where $n$ is the total number of agents. Our protocol guarantees, with a given precision ε > 0 and any high probability 1 - 6, that after O ($n$ ln($n$ /δ)) interactions, any queried agent that has set the detection flag will output the correct value of the proportion γ<inf>A</inf> of agents which started in state A, by maintaining no more than O (ln(n) / ε) integers. We are not aware of any such results. Simulation results illustrate our theoretical analysis.
Formal independence of regulatory agencies and Varieties of Capitalism: A case of institutional complementarity?

The Varieties of Capitalism literature posits that national economic institutions reflect the mode of coordination of a country's market actors. Despite the importance of this claim and a rich literature on the emergence of regulatory capitalism, few studies test such prediction for Independent Regulatory Agencies (IRAs). This article connects the two fields of research by analysing the impact of economic coordination on the formal independence of IRAs. The results show that, beyond issues of credible commitment and policy stability, the collective action capacity of market actors matters. In particular, regulators in Coordinated Market Economies enjoy less independence than in Liberal Market Economies, while intermediate regimes grant IRAs the least autonomy. The policy implications are nontrivial. Similar to other macroeconomic institutions, inappropriate combinations of economic coordination and IRA independence may engender Pareto-suboptimal regulatory solutions. In such cases, policymakers should reconsider the rules governing national regulators.