Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A FIVE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF TREATMENT FOR DWI RECIDIVISTS IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

DWI intervention Programs and their evaluation in the FRG (Federal Republic of Germany) for first offenders, recidivists and young drivers under the influence of alcohol are described. Results of a 5-year follow-up of three programs for recidivists are presented with the main focus on evaluation methods and differential aspects of treatment effectiveness.
Habitat type and seasonality influence the isotopic trophic niche of small mammals in a neotropical savanna

Acknowledgements While conducting this research, EMV received a personal research grant from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq; No. 308992/2013-0), JFR received a scholarship from the CNPq, and ACG received a post-doctoral Fellowship from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel; CAPES/PNPD No. 1459754). Additional financial support was provided by a research grant from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq (Rede Sisbiota – ComCerrado, Grant no. 563134/2010-0, project coordinated by Dr. Mercedes Bustamante). Abstract
Women’s Knowledge regarding Postpartum Warning Signs

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess women’s knowledge regarding postpartum warning signs. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive study which was conducted among (350) postpartum women attending the inpatient units in Ain Shams maternity university hospital. From of December 2017 to May 2018. Data collection tools were a 'Structured Interviewing questionnaire and A Likert scale. Result: The present study showed that nearly half of all postpartum women recognize postpartum warning signs. The majority of postpartum women had incorrect knowledge regarding importance of detecting postpartum warning signs. Furthermore it was concluded that, very poor knowledge of postpartum women associated with socio demographic characteristics and obstetrical& delivery history such as age, family income level, Residence and women’s educational level, also Primipara women and had current complication. In addition to, there was no significant relationship between women’s knowledge regarding postpartum warning signs and their age and marital status, while there is highly statistical significance difference between women’s level of knowledge and their residence, family income level, women job and women’s educational level. Conclusion: The present study findings revealed that the majority of women had incorrect knowledge regarding the following postpartum warning signs; Excess uterine bleeding (Lochia), perineal pain, breast pain, Offensive odor and abnormal vital signs (especially high blood pressure). Moreover, Women’s educational level, Residence, family income level, being multiparous and place of delivery found to be significantly associated with women’s knowledge of postpartum warning signs. Recommendations: Activating the role of maternity and community health nurse in branches of obstetrics and postnatal follow up clinics to enhance postpartum women knowledge regarding postpartum warning signs.
Investigation of Neuropeptide Y as a metabolic marker and its effects on adipose vasculature and brainstem astrocytes

Subsets of morbidly obese patients do not appear to exhibit the expected comorbidities, as well as the fact that heightened sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity has been known to affect metabolism. In this study, Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an SNS co-transmitter is explored as a possible biomarker for unhealthy obesity. The aims of the study were to identify a normoinsulinemic/insulin sensitive morbidly obese Caucasian patient cohort, compare differences in NPY levels in the circulation and adipose tissue between the normoinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic subjects. I explored the hypothesis that elevated circulating peripheral NPY causes metabolic abnormalities by mediating changes in the normal function of brain stem regulatory mechanisms via inflammation of astrocytes as shown in an in vitro model of primary cell line of human fetal brain stem astrocyte cell line. Blood and abdominal adipose tissue samples were obtained from consenting, morbidly obese patients awaiting bariatric surgery for recruitment in the study. Adipokines and NPY were measured as well as gene and protein expression by real-time PCR and histology. Effect of NPY was determined on a human brainstem astrocytic primary cell-line using immunohistochemistry, real time PCR, cytokine ELISA, intracellular secondary messengers via ELISA and fluorescence microscopy. Secreted lactate levels were measured by calorimetric assays. Differences were found between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and pathologically obese (PO)/diabetic groups in certain adipokines and insulin sensitivity, which were maintained after surgical weight loss. Differences in adipocyte cell size were visible between the two groups both in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue depots but inflammatory cell infiltration was not different. Brain stem astrocytes expressed NPY receptors and IL-6 secretion from the astrocytes increased when exposed to a combination of NPY and noradrenaline, reflected by changes in intracellular cAMP. Cytokine array showed increases in various inflammatory cytokines under the same treatment. IL-6 treatment increased astrocyte lactate levels. In astrocytes there was greater level of adrenergic signalling and secretion of IL-6 and lactate by the cells, which could mean different metabolic balance of astrocytes and long-term effects on astrocyte chemosensing function. These findings suggest differences in susceptibility to obesity associated pathologies linked to a synergistic modulation between the intracellular signalling pathways of astrocytes, being regulated at least partially by components of the CNS and having a direct effect on the cells. Perhaps these would pave the way for targeted treatment modalities. In vivo studies in an analogous animal model would further clarify the connection between elevated peripheral NPY and its central effects on the brainstem astrocytes in mediating metabolic disease.
Intrusion Detection System for NSL-KDD Dataset Using Convolutional Neural Networks

With the increment of cyber traffic, there is a growing demand for cyber security. How to accurately detect cyber intrusions is the hotspot of recent research. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), based on traditional machine learning methods, lacks reliability and accuracy. In this paper, we build an IDS model with deep learning methodology. Instead of the traditional machine learning used in previous researches, we think deep learning has the potential to perform better in extracting features of massive data considering the massive cyber traffic in real life. Therefore, we propose to train an IDS model based on Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), a typical deep learning method, using entire NSL-KDD dataset. We study the performance of the model using multi class classification to compare with the performance of traditional machine learning methods including Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), and deep learning methods including Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). The experimental results show that the performance of our IDS model is superior to the performance of models based on traditional machine learning methods and novel deep learning methods in multi-class classification. Our model improves the accuracy of the intrusion detection and provides a new research direction for intrusion detection.
Brain Function Networks Reveal Movement-related EEG Potentials Associated with Exercise-induced Fatigue

The present research was aimed to find out EEG potentials related to movement in exercise-induced fatigue task using brain function network analysis, so that future researchers can find more accurate mutual informations between these potentials to detect fatigue to make healthy people exercise better and especially improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with motor dysfunction. EEG signals from 32 electrode sites of 20 subjects(10 adults (5 females and 5 males) and 10 children (6 females and 4 males) were recorded. We applied network topologies extracted from brain function networks constructed by phase synchronization to identify movement-related electrode sites. We first found that there were significant differences on the global network topologies of subjects of different ages and genders, and the difference between subjects of different ages was greater, so adults and children in the subjects were separated to discuss potential selection related to movement. The following finding illustrated that local network topologies of some electrode sites correlated significantly with the degree of fatigue, we thought and selected such electrode sites to be movement-related. Results showed that 17 potentials in adults, 6 most relevant potentials as important potentials(CP5,C3,AF4,CZ,PZ,C4), and 4 potentials (F4,F8,F3,FC5) in children were selected as movement-related EEG potentials associated with exercise-induced fatigue in rotating the forearm repetitively task. We demonstrated that the credibility of our selections by observing the classification accuracy of local network topologies of non-fatigue state and fatigue state in our selected electrode sites was higher than that of local network topologies of non-fatigue state and fatigue state in our unselected electrode sites, which suggested that our selected movement-related electrode sites were more able to detect non-fatigue state and fatigue state.
Bone, fat and muscle gain in pubertal girls : effects of physical activity

Volgyi, Eszter Bone, fat and muscle gain in pubertal girls – Effects of physical activity Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2010, 7 p. (Studies in Sport, Physical Education and Health ISSN 0356-1070; 160) ISBN 978-951-39-4140-6 (PDF), 978-951-39-4135-2 (nid.) Finnish summary Diss. Obesity and osteoporosis are two disorders of body composition that are growing in prevalence. Increasing fatness and obesity can be observed both in adolescents and in adults worldwide and in Finland. An overweight child is highly likely to become an overweight adult and consequently to be at risk of numerous associated health problems later in life. Osteoporosis is another major global health problem and, whilst it mainly affects the elderly, its origins may lie in childhood. Optimizing peak bone mass through proper diet and sufficient physical activity during growth is a key strategy for preventing fractures in later life. This study aimed to determine the growth patterns of body segments, and of bone-, fat-, and muscle mass, and to investigate the influence of leisure-time physical activity on bone mass, fat mass and muscle mass accrual during puberty. Estimation of fat mass and fat free mass was also compared between bioimpedance (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) devices. The study subjects were 396 girls aged 10 to 13 years at baseline, 255 mothers, 159 grandmothers and 82 males. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire. Body composition was assessed by DXA and two BIA devices. Bone mineral density was measured by DXA and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The results showed that whilst the growth of body segments length had ceased by 18 years of age, body weight and segment widths continued to increase, but more slowly. From 11 to 18 years, most of the girls stayed in the same tertiles of bone mass, lean mass, and fat mass. Bone mass linearly increased until the age of 15 followed by a slower rate of increase into adulthood. Lean mass increased in a curvilinear fashion from pre-puberty until 16 years of age, followed by a plateau. Fat mass continuously increased from age 11 years until 18 years of age, but with a slower rate at the end of the period. A consistently high level of leisure-time physical activity between age 11 and 18 was beneficial in terms of bone mass gain at multiple bone sites, lean mass accrual and lower rate of fat mass accumulation. In addition, girls who increased their activity level from low to high during this period also benefited from these positive changes. Systematic differences were observed between DXA and BIA devices and these were dependent on gender, BMI and recreational physical activity level. In conclusion this study suggests that during puberty it is important to encourage girls to exercise regularly even after menarche. The study provides new insights into the complex and dynamic patterns of physical development during and after menarche, and underscores the importance of appropriate exercise during this period.
Forgiveness versus Financing: The Determinants and Impact of SME Debt Forbearance in Japan

This paper empirically examines the impact of Japan's debt forbearance policies with regard to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) stipulated in the "Act concerning Temporary Measures to Facilitate Financing for SMEs. " Using unique Japanese firm survey data that identify firms that received "financing" (such as through the deferral of debt repayments) and firms that received "debt forgiveness" (such as through a reduction in principal and/or interest), we examine the determinants and the effects of debt forbearance to test the theoretical predictions of Krugman's (1988) "financing vs. forgiving a debt overhang" analysis. We find, first, that banks choose debt forgiveness for firms that are more creditworthy and more profitable, which is consistent with the theory of debt overhang. Second, among firms that received debt forbearance, those that had received debt forgiveness had better access to new loans and showed superior ex-post performance than those that received financing, which is also consistent with the theory of debt overhang. Third, compared to firms that had not received any debt forbearance, firms that had received financing were more leveraged and exhibited worse performance, especially those whose forborne loans were covered by public credit guarantees, while firms that had received debt forgiveness exhibited better performance, especially those without public credit guarantees. This suggests that the effectiveness of the SME forbearance policy is adversely affected by the moral hazard generated by public credit guarantee programs.
Seasonality in associations between dietary diversity scores and nutrient adequacy ratios among pregnant women in rural Malawi – a cross-sectional study

Background Dietary diversity scores (DDS) are simple indicators often used as proxies for nutrient adequacy. A 10-food group indicator is proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as a global standard for measuring dietary diversity among women in low-resource settings. However, its validity as a proxy for nutrient adequacy across different agricultural seasons for pregnant women has not been determined. Objective We studied associations between DDS and nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) across two different agricultural seasons (pre- and post-harvest seasons) for pregnant women in rural Malawi and assessed whether a 1-day DDS or a 3-day DDS would be the best indicator of nutrient adequacy. Design Dietary intakes of 330 pregnant women were assessed between gestational weeks 28 and 35. Intakes of energy, macronutrients, and 11 micronutrients were estimated using three repeated interactive 24-h diet recalls, and DDS were also calculated from these days. Correlation coefficients (r) between DDS, NAR, and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the 11 micronutrients were determined. Results After energy adjustments, we found significant correlations between DDS and MAR with both DDS indicators in the preharvest season (r = 0.22–0.23; p < 0.001) but not in the post-harvest season (p > 0.05). For individual energy-adjusted NARs, correlations were not consistently significant across the two seasons and the two DDS indicators. Conclusions Our results suggest that DDS could be used to predict overall nutrient adequacy during the preharvest season. As similar correlations were found using both the 1- and 3-day indicators, we recommend using a 1-day DDS, for simplicity. However, as the indicators are sensitive to seasonality they should be used with care in this study setting.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA DAN SIKAP ILMIAH PADA SISWA KELAS V SD GUGUS I KECAMATAN NUSA PENIDA

Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar IPA antara siswa yang mengikutipembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dan siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajarankonvensional, 2) untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan sikap ilmiah antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajarandengan menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dan siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran konvensional,3) untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar IPA dan sikap ilmiah antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran denganmenggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dan siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran konvensional.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experiment dengan desain post-test only control group design. Jumlah populasidalam penelitian ini adalah 87 orang dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 46 orang yang diambil dengan teknik simple randomsampling. Data hasil belajar IPA dikumpulkan menggunakan metode tes dengan instrumen tes hasil belajar IPA dan datasikap ilmiah dikumpulkan menggunakan non tes dengan instrumen kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif daninferensial (MANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yangmengikuti model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional (Fhitung= 0,007> Ftabel= 0,05); 2) terdapat perbedaan sikap ilmiah antara siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbingdengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional (Fhitung= 0,000 > Ftabel= 0,05) dan 3) secara simultan, terdapatperbedaan hasil belajar IPA dan sikap ilmiah siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan siswayang mengikut pembelajaran konvensional (F= 0,000; p<0,05). Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwamodel pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar IPA dan sikap ilmiah siswa.
PENGARUH MUTU PELAYANAN KESEHATANTERHADAP TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAPDI RUANG DEWASA UMUM RUMAH SAKIT XKABUPATEN GRESIK

Penelitian ini berawal dari pemikiran bahwa kepuasan yang dialami pasien rawat inap di ruang dewasa umum Rumah Sakit X Kabupaten Gresik merupakan sebuah fenomena yang menarik. Kepuasan pasien merupakan tingkat perasaan pasien rawat inap di ruang dewasa umum Rumah Sakit X yang timbul sebagai akibat dari kinerja layanan kesehatan yang diperolehnya, setelah pasien membandingkan dengan apa yang diharapkannya (Pohan, 2007:145). Faktor yang mempengarui kepuasan pasien antara lain faktor karakteristik produk/jasa, mutu pelayanan, harga, lokasi, desain visual, image, suasana, lingkungan, emosi yang ditekan, sebab-sebab fisik, dan faktor keturunan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh mutu pelayanan kesehatan terhadap kepuasan pasien rawat inap di ruang dewasa umum Rumah Sakit X Kabupaten Gresik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan non probability sampling dengan pendekatan purposive sampling pada pasien rawat inap di ruang dewasa umum Rumah Sakit X. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data dari kedua variabel menggunakan kuesioner yang disusun dalam bentuk Skala Likert. Data dari kedua variabel diolah dengan teknik statistik regresi sederhana dengan bantuan program SPSS 18.0 for windows. Diketahui bahwa rhitung > r tabel (0,834 > 0,181), maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Koefisien korelasi positif menunjukkan bahwa hubungan yang terjadi adalah searah, apabila skor mutu pelayanan kesehatan tinggi maka kepuasan pasien semakin tinggi, begitu pula sebaliknya. Dari hasil R Square sebesar 0,695 dapat dikatakan bahwa sumbangan mutu pelayanan kesehatan terhadap kepuasan pasien adalah sebesar 69,5%. Hasil perhitungan tabel anova mengindikasikan bahwa regresi secara statistik signifikan dengan nilai F = 263,673 untuk derajat kebebasan k = 1 dan n-k-1 = 117-1-1 = 115 dan P-value = 0,00 > 0,05. Sedangkan perhitungan koefesien thitung = 16,238 dengan derajat kebebasan n-k-1 = 117-1-1=115 dan ttabel = 1,981 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mutu pelayanan kesehatan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan pasien.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease comorbidity: an update of the evidence

Comorbid primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represent a unique disease phenotype with a different risk profile than PSC or IBD alone. While the pathogenetic mechanisms behind both diseases remain unclear, recent studies have targeted several immune-mediated pathways in an attempt to find a potential therapeutic target. Patients with PSC-associated IBD typically exhibit pancolitis with a right-to-left intestinal inflammatory gradient associated with a greater incidence of backwash ileitis and rectal sparing. Although there is an increased incidence of pancolitis in this population, bowel symptoms tend to be less significant than in IBD alone. Likewise, the degree of inflammation and symptoms of PSC-associated IBD are characteristically less clinically significant. Despite the relatively quiescent clinical presentation of PSC-associated IBD, there is an increased risk for colorectal and hepatobiliary malignancy making vigilance for malignancy essential.
A study on the epidemiology of tinnitus in the United Kingdom

Purpose Subjective tinnitus is a common symptom with potentially negative impact on quality of life. More research is required to gain a deeper understanding of the disease and its clinical presentation. To estimate the incidence of tinnitus and to describe patient-related characteristics such as lifestyle factors and comorbidities. Patients and methods Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we calculated incidence rates of first-time diagnosed tinnitus in an adult population between 2000 and 2016. We stratified incidence rates by sex, age, and year of diagnosis. Additionally, we performed a 1:1 matched case-control study comparing body mass index, lifestyle factors and selected comorbidities between patients with incident tinnitus and tinnitus-free controls. Results We identified 109 783 adults with a first-time diagnosis of tinnitus between 2000 and 2016, yielding an overall age-standardized incidence rate of 25.0 new tinnitus cases per 10,000 person-years (95% CI: 24.6–25.5). There was a steady increase in tinnitus incidence throughout the study period. Approximately 80% of tinnitus cases were diagnosed at age 40 years or older. We observed the highest incidence rate in individuals aged 60–69 years (41.2 per 10,000 person-years, 95% CI: 40.7–41.7). Smokers and alcohol drinkers were at lower risk of being diagnosed with tinnitus compared with non-smokers and non-drinkers, respectively. The occurrence of tinnitus was strongly associated with a recent diagnosis of several otological and vestibular disorders as well as head and neck disorders. Conclusion The present observational study found an increasing incidence of tinnitus over time, emphasizing the continuously growing health burden. The findings on patient characteristics, lifestyle factors, and selected comorbidities contribute to a better understanding of risk factors for tinnitus.