Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of salmonella in biofilms and on chicken cages and preharvest poultry by levulinic Acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Surface contamination (skin and feathers) of broilers with Salmonella occurs primarily during growth and transportation. Immediately after transporting chickens, chicken cage doors were sprayed with a foam containing 3% levulinic acid plus 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Samples were collected for Salmonella assay after 45 min. Salmonella on cage doors was reduced from 19% (19 of 100 doors) before treatment to 1% (1 of 100 doors) after treatment, coliform counts were reduced from 6 to 8 to 2 to 4 log CFU/9 cm(2), and aerobic plate counts were reduced from 7 to 9 to 4 to 6 log CFU/9 cm(2). Whole chicken carcasses with feathers were inoculated with 10(8) CFU of Salmonella Enteritidis, soaked for 5 min at 21°C in 72 liters of a treatment or control solution, and assayed for Salmonella. Salmonella counts on chickens treated with water were 6.8 to 8.5 log CFU/9 cm(2), those treated with 50 ppm of calcium hypochlorite were 7.6 to 8.9 log CFU/9 cm(2), and those treated with 3% levulinic acid plus 2% SDS were <1.7 to 2.8 CFU/9 cm(2) (>4-log reduction). Results of biofilm studies on surfaces of various materials revealed that a 3% levulinic acid plus 2% SDS treatment used as either a foam or liquid for 10 min effectively reduced Salmonella populations by 5 and >6 log CFU/cm(2), respectively.
The heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus is reflected in lack of association with cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles

The objectivewas to study the occurrenceof autoantibodiesand cytokinesin serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). In total, 28 consecutive patients with NPSLE and 16 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without neuropsychiatric involvement (non-NPSLE) were studied. IFN-a, IL-6, IL-10, soluble terminal complement complex (TCC), anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (anti-P) and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were measured in serum and CSF by immunoassays. Analyses of white blood cell differential count, CSF-albumin/serum-albumin ratio, IgG-index in CSF and isoelectric focusing in serum and CSF were also performed. CSF specimens from 23 healthy individuals were used as controls. IFN-a was elevated in the CSF of 5 of 28 NPSLE patients compared to three of 14 among the non-NPSLE patients. IL-6 was elevated in CSF in three of 26 NPSLE patients. Normal concentration of IL-10 was found in CSF in all 27 NPSLE-patients analysed. IFN-a in serum was elevated in 18 of 28 NPSLE patients. No distinct clinical phenotype was related to elevated cytokine concentration in serum or CSF. One patient with cerebral involvement complicated by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy displayed a very high IFN-a concentration in serum. High concentration of TCC was present in CSF from only one patient with systemic vasculitis and focal cerebral symptoms. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the diagnostic value of serum and CSF concentrationsof IFN-a, IL-10, IL-6 and TCC is limited in unselected neuropsychiatricSLE, probably due to the heterogeneityof NPSLE pathogenesis.
Assessment of dietary consumption and time-course of changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins before, during and after Ramadan in young Algerian adults.

INTRODUCTION During the month of Ramadan, fasting is obligatory for all healthy adult Muslims, with the only exempted adults being those who have to travel or are sick. The aim of this study was to see whether changes in food intake and meal patterns during Ramadan fasting could modify serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters in healthy Algerian young men and women volunteers. The time-course prospective study was done in order to investigate at what time eventual changes to these parameters occur during Ramadan and their disappearance after Ramadan. METHODS Subjects were interviewed by trained interviewers using the method of the "seven day recall and record", before, during and after Ramadan. The serum lipid and lipoprotein contents were analysed at different times. RESULTS The total energy intake was higher during Ramadan (13 and 11 MJ/day) than before and after Ramadan (11 and 9 MJ/day) in men and women, respectively. In the second week of Ramadan, carbohydrate intake was elevated by 22 percent and 24 percent in men and women, respectively, compared to before and after Ramadan. At the end of Ramadan, the low density lipoproteins (LDL) percentages decreased by 20 percent in women and 55 percent in men compared to the values obtained before Ramadan. In both groups, the amount of serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) was 1.4-fold higher, in particular on day 28 of Ramadan, in comparison with the period before and after Ramadan. Indeed, a progressive decrease in LDL-C was noted in women and was particularly drastic in men. In contrast, HDL-C had increased by 30 percent on day 15 of Ramadan, compared to before Ramadan. CONCLUSION This study shows that striking changes in nutritional habits during Ramadan may be useful in reducing LDL levels and in increasing HDL levels. The young Muslim's diet during Ramadan may contribute to favourable modifications of the serum lipoprotein profile related to cardiovascular protection.
[The effect of different hepatic vascular exclusion for massive hemorrhage in hepatectomy].

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of different hepatic vascular exclusions for massive hemorrhage in hepatectomy. METHODS The clinical data of 2238 cases with hepatectomy treated from January 1995 to August 2009 was analyzed retrospectively in the cause of massive hemorrhage (blood loss ≥ 1000 ml), blood loss during liver resection and massive hemorrhage incidence with different methods of hepatic vascular exclusion. RESULTS Among 2238 cases received hepatectomy, 215 cases (9.6%) had massive hemorrhage because of portal vein tumor thrombus extraction (26.0%), extensive adhesions around the tumor (24.7%), section of liver hemorrhage (23.7%), hepatic vascular injury (15.8%), and tumor rupture (9.8%). Among 2182 cases received hepatectomy without portal vein tumor thrombus extraction, 159 cases (7.3%) had massive hemorrhage, 1257 cases (57.6%) which blood loss were less than 400 ml. Hepatectomy with different hepatic vascular exclusion methods had different blood loss and massive hemorrhage incidence. CONCLUSION Pringle combined with clamping infrahepatic vena cava method and the liver double-hanging maneuver through the retrohepatic avascular tunnel on the right of the inferior vena cava method can reduce blood loss and massive hemorrhage incidence in hepatectomy more effectively, especially for huge liver tumor resection.
The Neonatologist's Dilemma: Catch-up Growth or Beneficial Undernutrition in Very Low Birth Weight Infants—What Are Optimal Growth Rates?

As the threshold of viability decreases, clinicians who care for preterm neonates increasingly are faced with making decisions regarding feeding in a population for which there are no clear guidelines and minimal scientific data to inform optimal nutritional strategies. It is becoming more apparent that the amount of nutrition, as well as the timing of nutrient delivery, may affect long-term growth and metabolic outcomes. Both overnutrition and undernutrition at critical growth periods may have adverse effects. The risks and benefits of nutrient delivery designed to achieve “catch-up” growth need to be further identified. This article reviews both established concepts and more recently identified issues that need to be considered by the neonatologist when making feeding decisions in the very preterm neonate.
Delivery of healthy babies after natalizumab use for multiple sclerosis: a report of two cases

Hoevenaren IA, de Vries LC, Rijnders RJP, Lotgering FK. Delivery of healthy babies after natalizumab use for multiple sclerosis: a report of two cases. Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 123: 430–433. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Tropical-Forest Biomass Estimation at X-Band From the Spaceborne TanDEM-X Interferometer

This letter reports the sensitivity of X-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the first dual-spacecraft radar interferometer, TanDEM-X, to variations in tropical-forest aboveground biomass (AGB). It also reports the first tropical-forest AGB estimates from TanDEM-X data. Tropical forests account for about 50% of the world's forested biomass and play critical roles in the control of atmospheric carbon dioxide by emission through deforestation and uptake through forest growth. The TanDEM-X InSAR data used in this analysis were taken over the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil, where field measurements from 30 stands were acquired. The magnitude of the InSAR normalized complex correlation, which is called coherence, decreases by about 25% as AGB increases from 2 to 430 Mg-ha-1, suggesting more vertically distributed return-power profiles with increasing biomass. Comparison of InSAR coherences to those of small-spot (15 cm) lidar suggests that lidar penetrates deeper into the canopies than InSAR. Modeling InSAR profiles from InSAR coherence and lidar profiles yields an estimate of 0.29 dB/m for the X-band extinction coefficient relative to that of lidar. Forest AGB estimated from InSAR observations on 0.25-ha plots shows RMS scatters about the field-estimated AGB between 52 and 62 Mg-ha-1, which is between 29% and 35% of the average AGB of 179 Mg-ha-1, depending on the data analysis mode. The sensitivity and biomass-estimation performance suggest the potential of TanDEM-X observations to contribute to global tropical-forest biomass monitoring.
Bacterial community succession in a high‐altitude subarctic glacier foreland is a three‐stage process

Alpine glaciers are retreating rapidly, exposing foreland minerals, which develop into soils. Bacterial communities in glacier forelands exhibit high rates of turnover and undergo dramatic shifts in composition within the first 50 years after deglaciation, followed by relative stabilization and convergence. This period of microbial development occurs simultaneously with plant colonization in most systems; thus, it remains unclear whether the changes in the bacterial communities occur primarily as the result of edaphic, climatic or biotic factors. We examined bacterial community structure along two replicate chronosequences within the glacial foreland of Duke River Glacier, Yukon, Canada. This foreland is estimated to include >200 years of bare soils before an appreciable grassline, likely due to the high latitude and altitude of the glacier. This enabled us to examine bacterial community development prior to plant colonization over a longer period than previous studies. We observed three successional groups in the chronosequence: (i) an ‘early’ group in soils of less than approximately 50 years since deglaciation; (ii) an ‘intermediate’ group within bare soils, after the early period but before the grassline, containing communities with a relatively high degree of variability in composition; and (iii) a ‘grassline’ group in soils collected after plant colonization with higher diversity but lower age‐group variability in community composition. These findings suggest rapid replacement and addition of species better adapted to glacier foreland conditions followed by slower community shifts over the next 150 years and, finally, indications of a possible response to plant colonization.
Image reconstruction and restoration: overview of common estimation structures and problems

Developments in the theory of image reconstruction and restoration over the past 20 or 30 years are outlined. Particular attention is paid to common estimation structures and to practical problems not properly solved yet. The problem of image reconstruction and restoration is first formulated. Some of the current regularization approaches used to solve the problem are then described. The concepts of a priori information and compound criterion are introduced. A Bayesian interpretation of the regularization techniques is given which clarifies the role of the tuning parameters and indicates how they could be estimated. The practical aspects of computing the solution, first when the hyperparameters are known and second when they must be estimated, are then considered. Conclusions are drawn, and points that still need to be investigated are outlined. >
Task-irrelevant emotional faces impair response adjustments in a double-step saccade task

ABSTRACT Cognitive control enables us to adjust behaviours according to task demands, and emotion influences the cognitive control. We examined how task-irrelevant emotional stimuli impact the ability to inhibit a prepared response and then programme another appropriate response. In the study, either a single target or two sequential targets appeared after emotional face images (positive, neutral, and negative). Subjects were required to freely viewed the emotional faces and make a saccade quickly upon target onset, but inhibit their initial saccades and redirect gaze to the second target if it appeared. We found that subjects were less successful at inhibiting their initial saccades as the inter-target delay increased. Emotional faces further reduced their inhibition ability with a longer delay, but not with a shorter delay. When subjects failed to inhibit the initial saccade, the longer delay produced longer intersaccadic interval. Especially, positive faces lengthened the intersaccadic interval with a longer delay. These results showed mere presence of emotional stimuli influences gaze redirection by impairing the ability to cancel a prepared saccade and delaying the programming of a corrective saccade. Therefore, we propose that the modulation of response adjustment exerted by emotional faces is related to the stage of initial response programming.
Parents and partners in crime: a six-year longitudinal study on changes in supportive relationships and delinquency in adolescence and young adulthood.

BACKGROUND This study sought the answer to three questions: 1. Is having an intimate partner associated with the level of delinquency? 2. Does the quality of the relationship with an intimate partner, operationalised as partner support, predict the level of delinquency? 3. Does a relationship with an intimate partner or age moderate the association between parental support and delinquency? METHOD Data from a three-wave, six-year longitudinal study of 1302 adolescents and young adults, aged 12-23 at wave 1, were used. RESULTS 1. Univariate latent growth curve analysis showed that, as predicted, having an intimate partner does not lead to less criminality among young adults over the age of 20. We found no support for the hypothesis among the group of 12- to 20-year-old adolescents, since the group of mid-adolescents who consistently have a partner is more criminal than the other groups. 2. Our findings show that partner support is negatively related to criminality in both 12- to 20-year-olds and 21- to 23-year-olds. The longitudinal effect of partner support is also uni-directional: partner support T1 certainly has an impact on criminality T3, but the reverse is not true. In both groups the influence of partner support is also greater than that of parental support. 3. Having an intimate partner moderates the association between parental support and delinquency, but in an age-specific manner. Parental support has no bearing on criminality when adolescents and young adults continuously have an intimate partner. Parental support does, however, cause a reduction in the level of criminality in adolescents and young adults who have never had a partner and adolescents who only have a partner at time 3. CONCLUSIONS We interpret our results in terms of shifts in the relational system: if an adolescent finds a partner, that partner takes over the role of the parents in reducing criminality; if not, the parents remain important in doing so.
Busulfan and Metronidazole: An Often Forgotten but Significant Drug Interaction

Objective: To report the case of a clinically significant drug interaction between intravenous busulfan and oral metronidazole observed through busulfan therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Case Summary: A 7-year-old boy with a history of myelodysplasia that progressed to acute myeloid leukemia received busulfan with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), clofarabine, and thiotepa as a pretransplant conditioning regimen for a cord blood transplant. The patient received metronidazole the day after a busulfan test dose of 0.5 mg/kg was administered. On the day of the first busulfan therapeutic dose, TDM was performed and the clearance of busulfan was significantly decreased by 46%. After 2 doses of busulfan therapy, the course area under the curve was exceeded, requiring discontinuation of busulfan. Metronidazole is not known to affect glutathione or the glutathione S-transferase AI (GSTA1) enzyme system or cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Discussion: Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent widely used in pretransplant conditioning regimens in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Busulfan metabolism is best described by hepatic conjugation to glutathione by GSTA1, although some CYP-dependent pathways have been described. Currently there is 1 publication describing the drug interaction between oral busulfan and oral metronidazole, in which concomitant use of metronidazole resulted in higher busulfan trough concentrations and higher risk of veno-occlusive disease. Our case represents a possible drug interaction based on the Horn Drug Interaction Probability Scale. Conclusions: Though the mechanistic basis for this interaction is unknown, the risks and benefits of using metronidazole during and in close proximity to busulfan should be carefully considered and therapeutic alternatives to metronidazole should be used when appropriate.
Phenomenology and correlates of complicated grief in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To describe the phenomenology of complicated grief (CG) in parentally bereaved children and adolescents and to examine its correlates. METHOD This is a preliminary report from an ongoing 5-year, population-based, longitudinal study of the impact of parental loss on family members. Analyses of cross-sectional data at intake are presented. The sample consists of 129 children and adolescents of parents who died by suicide, accident, or sudden natural death. Their average age is 13.3 +/- 3.1 years (range 7-18 years). A modified version of the Inventory of Complicated Grief-Revised (ICG-R) was administered and its factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity were examined. RESULTS CG was significantly related to functional impairment even after controlling for current depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. CG was also associated with other measures of psychopathology, including suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary analysis, CG appears to be a clinically significant syndrome in children and adolescents. Longitudinal data will help to clarify the prognostic significance of CG as well as to examine the interrelationship of CG and other psychopathology over time.
Technology, Skill, and the Wage Structure

Technical change, even if it is limited in scope, can have effects that ripple throughout the economy. Here a flexible and tractable framework, with heterogeneous workers and technologies and many tasks, is used to analyze the general equilibrium effects of technical change for a limited set of tasks. The equilibria feature positively assortative matching between workers and technologies. The effects of technical change on employment, output, prices, and wages up and down the skill and technology ladders are sharply characterized. The effects of low-skill immigration, minimum-wage legislation, and international trade are also described.
Networks, Hiring, and Attainment: Evidence from Law Firm Dissolutions

Social networks are widely believed to facilitate hiring by reducing information asymmetries between individual job candidates and employing organizations. Causal effects of network contacts on organizational hiring and individual attainment are unclear, though, because networks probably influence both the likelihood that an individual changes employers and the quality of the position they attain by doing so. In this study, I theorize how prior education and prior employment networks differentially alleviate information asymmetries to influence labor market matching and intraprofessional status attainment. Leveraging the unexpected dissolutions of six U.S. law firms as an exogenous shock to mobility, I analyze 1,426 lawyers’ post-dissolution labor market outcomes. The results demonstrate that both law school alumni and co-worker contacts influence hiring; however, status attainment is aided by former co-workers and hindered by alumni. Implications for studies of networks and inequality are discussed.
IQSEC2 and X-linked syndromal intellectual disability

Despite the recent acceleration in the discovery of genetic risk factors for intellectual disability (ID), the genetic etiology of ID is unknown in approximately half of cases and remains a major frontier of genetics in medicine and psychiatry. The distinction between syndromal and nonsyndromal forms of ID is of great clinical importance, but the boundary between these clinical entities is difficult to ascertain for many genes of interest. ID is more common in men than in women, but the genetic explanation of this sex asymmetry is incompletely understood. This Review systematically examines the reported cases of X-linked ID caused by de novo loss-of-function mutations in the gene IQSEC2. This gene is largely known as a cause of X-linked nonsyndromal ID in male patients. However, depending on the severity of the mutation, the phenotypic spectrum of IQSEC2-related ID can range from the classic X-linked nonsyndromal form of the disease to a severe syndrome that has been reported in the context of de novo mutations only, in both male and female patients. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that truncation of the longer of the two protein isoforms of the gene can be sufficient to lead to the syndrome, which may be caused by the disruption of cell signaling and signal transduction pathways. The clinical features of the syndrome converge on a pattern of global developmental delay, deficits in social communication, stereotypical hand movements, and hypotonia. In addition, many if not all of these patients have seizures, microcephaly, and language regression in addition to delay. We argue that it is clinically appropriate to test for IQSEC2 mutations in male and female patients with this symptom profile but without a known genetic mutation.
The role of general intelligence as an intermediate phenotype for neuropsychiatric disorders

Introduction. Neurocognitive impairment is common to several neuropsychiatric disorders. The growing use of cognitive impairment as an intermediate phenotype, or “endophenotype”, in psychiatry raises the issue of whether global measures of cognition, such as IQ, or assays of more specific cognitive domains, such as working memory, will best serve to enhance power in detecting susceptibility loci in molecular genetic studies. Methods. This paper will review the research on general intelligence in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and evaluate its strengths and weaknesses as a candidate intermediate phenotype. Results. Although global measures of cognition may not be optimal as intermediate phenotypes in bipolar disorder, certain clinical traits that overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, such as psychosis, may be predictive of poor performance on global measures, regardless of DSM-IV categorisation. Conclusions. Global measures of cognition represent good intermediate phenotypes in schizophrenia. Current research does not support the use of global measures of cognition as intermediate phenotypes for bipolar disorder. Assays of specific neurocognitive domains may have greater potential to detect genetic markers for bipolar disorder.