Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full Face Mask for Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure

Abstract Background: Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) is commonly used to improve ventilation and oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Mask leak and intolerance due to facial discomfort or claustrophobia often occur with NPPV and are frequently cited reasons for treatment failure. Methods: Retrospective review of patient records from a tertiary-care referral hospital. Results: We report the effectiveness of a full face mask in the application of NPPV for 10 nonambulatory patients (mean [SD], 61 [9] years) who had a combined total of 13 episodes of ARF. After these patients were unable to receive NPPV therapy via the more commonly available nasal or oronasal masks, care was provided using full face masks. Eight of 10 patients had hypercapnic respiratory failure; 2 patients, hypoxemic respiratory failure. All patients were placed on ventilation initially using a bi-level positive airway pressure device. Subsequently, patient ventilation was achieved using a Puritan Bennett 7200a ventilator for on-line respiratory monitoring. The mean (SD) duration of treatment with NPPV was 9.7 (2.7) hours per day for 3.0 (1.6) days. Following NPPV via full face mask, the patients' Paco2 decreased (65 [20] vs 82 [27] mm Hg, P=.09) and pH increased significantly (7.36 [0.07] vs 7.26 [0.07], P<.05) in less than 2 hours. Moreover, the patients demonstrated decreased respiratory rate (18 [7] vs 32 [8] breaths/min, P<.01), heart rate (106 [13] vs 124 [16] beats/min, P=.008), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (12 [3] vs 17 [4], P<.005) after NPPV via full face mask. These cardiorespiratory alterations occurred as early as 1 hour after NPPV initiation and were maintained throughout treatment. Two patients required endotracheal intubation because of copious purulent secretions. Conclusion: For individuals with hypercapnic respiratory failure who cannot tolerate NPPV using nasal or oronasal masks, use of full face masks may improve outcomes, allowing physicians to avoid ordering endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
HDAC inhibitor DWP0016 activates p53 transcription and acetylation to inhibit cell growth in U251 glioblastoma cells

Here we report a hydroacid named DWP0016, which exhibited HDAC inhibition and induced p53 acetylation in U251 glioblastoma cells. DWP0016 effectively inhibited the cell growth of U251 cells and other four carcinoma cell lines but did not affect the normal cells. Cell cycle distribution analysis showed DWP0016 arrested at G1 phase cell cycle dose‐dependently in U251 cells. DWP0016 induced caspase‐dependent and independent apoptosis in U251 cells, which was identified by flow cytometry analysis, caspases activity analysis, Western blotting assay, and caspases inhibition. Mechanisms research suggested that DWP0016 activated transcription and acetylation of tumor suppressor p53. DWP0016 regulated p300, CBP, and PCAF to facilitate p53 acetylation at lys382 in U251 cells. In addition, activation of p53 by DWP0016 promoted PUMA to catalyze mitochondrial pathway. Besides, siRNA assay indicated p53 was the key gene to induce growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in DWP0016 treated U251 cells. Conclusively, our results show DWP0016 is a potent HDAC inhibitor and the anti‐tumor activity is consistent with its intended p53 activation mechanisms. These findings indicate the promising antitumor potential of DWP0016 for further glioblastoma treatment applications. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1498–1509, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stimulation of p300-mediated Transcription by the Kinase MEKK1*

p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) are related transcriptional coactivators that possess histone acetyltransferase activity. Inactivation of p300/CBP is part of the mechanism by which adenovirus E1A induces oncogenic transformation of cells. Recently, the importance of p300/CBP has been demonstrated directly in several organisms including mouse, Drosophila, andCaenorhabditis elegans where p300/CBP play an indispensable role in differentiation, in patterning, and in cell fate determination and proliferation during development. CBP/p300s are modified by phosphorylation during F9 cell differentiation as well as adenovirus infection, suggesting that phosphorylation may play a role in the regulation of p300/CBP activity. Here we show that the mitogen-activated/extracellular response kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) enhances p300-mediated transcription. We identify several domains within p300 that can respond to MEKK1-induced transcriptional activation. Interestingly, activation of p300-mediated transcription by MEKK1 does not appear to require the downstream kinase JNK and may involve either a direct phosphorylation of p300 by MEKK1 or by other non-JNK MEKK1-directed downstream kinases. Finally, we present evidence that p300 is important for MEKK1 to induce apoptosis. Taken together, these results identify MEKK1 as a kinase that is likely to be involved in the regulation of the transactivation potential of p300 and support a role of p300 in MEKK1-induced apoptosis.
Oxidative Modifications of the Photosystem II D1 Protein by Reactive Oxygen Species: From Isolated Protein to Cyanobacterial Cells¶

Abstract Action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the isolated D1 protein, a key component of Photosystem II (PSII) complex, was studied and compared with the effect of high irradiance on this protein in mildly solubilized photosynthetic membranes and cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis. Whereas singlet oxygen caused mainly protein modification reflected by shift of its electrophoretic mobility, action of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide resulted in generation of specific fragments. Hydroxyl radicals as the most ROS induced fast disappearance of the protein. The results substantiate the ability of ROS to cause direct scission of the D1 peptide bonds. Similar D1 modification, fragmentation and additionally cross-linking with other PSII subunits were observed during illumination or hydrogen peroxide treatment of mildly solubilized thylakoids. Peroxide-induced fragmentation did not occur in thylakoids of the strain lacking a ligand to the nonheme iron, confirming the role of this prosthetic group in the D1-specific cleavage. The D1 modification, fragmentation and cross-linking were suppressed by ROS scavengers, supporting the direct role of ROS in these phenomena. Identical symptoms of the ROS-induced D1 damage were detected in illuminated cells of Synechocystis mutants with a higher probability of ROS formation, documenting the relevance of the in vitro results for the situation in vivo.
Allocating Resources Among Prisons And Social Programs In The Battle Against Crime

This article evaluates the cost and crime‐reducing potential of prisons and social spending, setting forth the conditions under which a shift in resources from an expanding prison population into social spending would lead to a reduction in total crime. Preschool enrichment programs coupled with family intervention have generated impressive results in reducing crime in a number of different studies. Targeting of resources toward those children most at risk of criminal behavior is necessary to generate cost‐effective crime reduction, but this may be difficult to achieve because of political or constitutional constraints. Given precise targeting, and if a broadly implemented preschool program (more enriched than the current Head Start program) could generate half the crime‐reduction benefits achieved in the pilot studies, then cutting spending on prisons and using the savings to fund intensive preschool education would reduce crime. The elasticity of crime with respect to incarceration is taken to be . 15.
Activities of Azithromycin and Amphotericin B against Naegleria fowleri In Vitro and in a Mouse Model of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

ABSTRACT Inhalation of fresh water containing the free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri may lead to a potentially fatal infection known as primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Amphotericin B is the only agent with established clinical efficacy in the treatment of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in humans, but therapy with this drug is often associated with adverse effects on the kidneys and other organs, and not all persons treated with amphotericin B have survived. We investigated the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of newer therapeutic agents in an attempt to identify other useful agents for treating primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Azithromycin has shown in vitro activity against Acanthamoeba spp. and in vivo activity against experimental toxoplasmosis. In our study, the MIC of azithromycin against N. fowleri was 13.4 μM (10 μg/ml), which was 123 times greater than the MIC of amphotericin B, which was 0.108 μM (0.1 μg/ml). Azithromycin protected 100% of mice infected with N. fowleri at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day for 5 days, whereas amphotericin B protected only 50% of mice at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days, and all control mice died during the 28-day observation period. We conclude that azithromycin has both in vitro and in vivo activity versus N. fowleri and may be a useful addition to therapy for primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
Evaluation der verschiedenen Therapiemethoden anhand des Werks von Grawe, Donati und Bernauer (1994):„Psychotherapie im Wandel. Von der Konfession zur Profession“

Wirkt Psychotherapie und wenn ja, welche Therapieform ist die erfolgreichste? Diese Frage beschaftigt die Psychotherapieforschung bereits seit mehr als sechzig Jahren. Ubersichtswerke hinsichtlich der Wirkweise sind selten. Vielmehr nimmt jede Therapieschule gemas Grawe et al. (1994) fur sich in Anspruch, die Wirksamste zu sein. Aber, gibt es uberhaupt die eine richtige Wirkweise, oder ist vielleicht derjenige der beste Therapeut, der verschiedene Therapiemethoden, je nach Patient und Situation miteinander zu kombinieren in der Lage ist? Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Evaluation der verschiedenen Therapiemethoden ausschlieslich anhand des Werks von Grawe et al. (1994). Hierzu werden zunachst wesentliche Begrifflichkeiten bestimmt sowie definiert, was eine wissenschaftlich durchgefuhrte Evaluation kennzeichnet. Kapitel drei beinhaltet einen kurzen historischen Abriss uber die Phasen in der Psychotherapieentwicklung. Sodann wird das Untersuchungsdesign von Grawe et al. dargelegt und die Beweggrunde des Forscherteams zur Durchfuhrung einer solchen Untersuchung aufgezeigt. Kapitel vier dient der Darstellung der wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen. Anschliesend werden in Kapitel funf exemplarisch zwei Kritiken bzgl. des Werks von Grawe et al. erlautert, bevor Kapitel sechs mit einem personlichen Fazit schliest. Grawe et al. haben aufgezeigt, zu welchen Therapiemethoden bereits einschlagige Untersuchungen bzgl. der Wirkweise vorlagen. Im Umkehrschluss haben sie hierdurch dargestellt, welche Therapiemethoden zwar in der Praxis haufig angewendet werden, jedoch hinsichtlich der Wirkweise kaum untersucht worden sind (vgl. auch Straus et al. (2010)). Nach Grawe et al. gibt es nicht den einen „best way“. Wichtiger erscheint ihm die Idee, einer dem Einzelfall entsprechenden auf diesen angepassten Therapiemoglichkeit und die Berucksichtigung von weiteren Wirkfaktoren, die uber die Grenzen der einzelnen Therapieschulen hinaus, Einfluss auf die Wirkweise nehmen konnen.
Performance Analysis of Large Multiuser MIMO Systems With Space-Constrained 2-D Antenna Arrays

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems deploying a large number of antennas at the base station (BS) have been shown to produce high spectral and energy efficiency (EE) under the assumptions of increasing BS physical space and critical antenna spacing. We examine the deployment of massive MIMO systems and resulting EE with a more realistic scenario considering a 2-D rectangular array with increasing antenna elements within a fixed physical space. Mutual coupling and correlation among the BS antennas are incorporated by deriving a practical mutual coupling matrix which considers coupling among all antenna elements within a BS. We also provide a realistic analysis of the energy consumption using a model, which takes into account the circuit power consumptions as a function of the number of BS antennas and then present a performance analysis of two practical low complexity detectors/receivers keeping EE into consideration. The simulation results obtained show that EE does not monotonically increase with the number of BS antennas. On the contrary, it is a decreasing concave or quasi-concave function of the number of BS antennas depending on the detection technique used at the receiver. We also show that with decreasing spacing between the antennas, mutual coupling increases, contributing toward reduction in EE. Our analysis thus shows that EE does not increase infinitely in a massive MIMO system when the increasing number of antennas are to be accommodated within a fixed physical space and the total power consumed is considered to be a function of the antennas. Accordingly, closed-form expressions for the optimum number of antennas to attain maximum EE for zero forcing (ZF) are obtained.
Relationship between muscle morphology and metabolism in obese women: the effects of long‐term physical training

Abstract. To evaluate the relationships between changes in muscle morphology and metabolic adaptation to physical training in obesity, twenty obese women were subjected to a physical training pro‐gramme with three sessions a week for 3 months. Physical training resulted in lowering of plasma insulin and improved glucose tolerance. Neither body weight nor body fat changed. With physical training the percentage distribution of fast twitch oxidative (FTa) muscle fibres (m vastus lateralis) increased (from 30.3±5.1% to 35.2±4.8%, P < 0.05) and that of fast twitch glycolytic fibres decreased (from 18.3±6.6 to 5.8±4.8%, P <0.05). The number of capillaries increased, mainly around slow twitch (ST) fibres (from 4.5±0.6 to 5.8±0.8, P < 0.01) and fast twitch oxidative (FTa) fibres (from 3.9±0.7 to 4.7±0.8, P <0.01). The activities of oxidative enzymes (cytochrome‐c‐oxidase and citrate synthase) increased (P<0.05) while those of glycolytic enzymes (phosphofructokinase and hexokinase) decreased after physical training (P<0.01).
Enhancing poxvirus vectors vaccine immunogenicity

Attenuated recombinant poxvirus vectors expressing heterologous antigens from pathogens are currently at various stages in clinical trials with the aim to establish their efficacy. This is because these vectors have shown excellent safety profiles, significant immunogenicity against foreign expressed antigens and are able to induce protective immune responses. In view of the limited efficacy triggered by some poxvirus strains used in clinical trials (i.e, ALVAC in the RV144 phase III clinical trial for HIV), and of the restrictive replication capacity of the highly attenuated vectors like MVA and NYVAC, there is a consensus that further improvements of these vectors should be pursuit. In this review we considered several strategies that are currently being implemented, as well as new approaches, to improve the immunogenicity of the poxvirus vectors. This includes heterologous prime/boost protocols, use of co-stimulatory molecules, deletion of viral immunomodulatory genes still present in the poxvirus genome, enhancing virus promoter strength, enhancing vector replication capacity, optimizing expression of foreign heterologous sequences, and the combined use of adjuvants. An optimized poxvirus vector triggering long-lasting immunity with a high protective efficacy against a selective disease should be sought.
Salter innominate osteotomy in the treatment of late presentation Perthes disease

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients presenting older than eight years and treated with Salter osteotomy for Perthes disease. Method Seventeen patients (18 hips) with late presentation of Perthes disease treated with Salter osteotomy. Sixteen males were identified. The average age of patients was 8.8 years (range 8-12). Preoperation radiographs were analysed for lateral pillar staging, centre-periphery (CP) angle, Sharp acetabular index, acetabular depth index, acetabular covering percentage and Cross-over sign. Final follow-up radiograph were classified using modified Stulberg grade. Results The average follow-up of the patients was 78 months (range 40-104). During the surgery, seven hips were found to be lateral pillar grade B, three hips grade B/C and 8 hips grade C. In the final examination, 10 hips were evaluated as good (Stulberg 1 or 2), seven as medium (Stulberg 3) and one as bad (Stulberg 4). There was shortening in four patients who were all either Stulberg stage 3 or 4. A meaningful difference was detected between the pre-operation and post-operation radiographic values, regardless of the surgical staging. However, no statistical difference was found between the patients in Stulberg stage 3 or 4 and stage 1 or 2 for radiographic variables. Conclusion Salter osteotomy can be used to treat older patients with lateral pillar stage B, B/C and C at presentation.
Kapitza conductance and heat flow between solids at temperatures from 50 to 300 K.

Measurements of the Kapitza conductance [sigma][sub [ital K]] made using a picosecond optical technique at temperatures between 50 and 300 K are presented for interfaces between metals and dielectrics. The Debye temperatures [ital FTHETA][sub [ital D]] of the metals (Pb, Au, Al, and Ti) were in the range from 102 to 426 K, while those of the dielectrics (BaF[sub 2], sapphire, and diamond) varied from 287 to 2200 K. Conductances measured between materials with [ital FTHETA][sub [ital D]] differing by less than about a factor of 5 were found to be in reasonable agreement with calculations based on a lattice dynamical theory. However, for more widely mismatched solids the measured conductances were found to be greatly in excess of the lattice dynamical calculations. In some of these cases the conductances exceeded even the phonon radiation limit, indicating that much of the heat flow between the solids was via an inelastic channel. It was demonstrated experimentally that the inelastic channel does not involve an interaction between the phonons in the dielectric and electrons in the metal. We show that the anomalously large conductance can be understood in terms of a model in which the anharmonicity of the metal plays an importantmore » role. « less
[Neurological involvement in systemic sclerosis].

INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SS) is recognized as the connective tissue disease which less frequently presents neurological complications; in recent studies it is demonstrated, however, that neurological involvement in SS is more frequent of what it had been assumed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical neurological exploration was done in 26 patients with definitive SS; an electroneurogram was carried out in 23 cases in order to determine the prevalence of central neurological pathology and of peripheral neuropathy, to define its characteristics, and to investigate possible associations with clinical parameters and with autoimmunity. RESULTS 23 cases (88%) were females and 3 cases (12%) males; the median age was 57.5 12.0 (SD) years, while the median age to the diagnosis was 51.3 12.3 (SD) years and the median period of natural history of disease was 6.2 3.1 years. Seven patients (26.9%) showed involvement of the CNS, being the headache and the neuropsychiatric manifestations the most common conditions (11.5%). Peripheral neuropathy prevalence was 39.1% (9 cases); according to the distribution of the injury, the polyneuropathy prevailed in 30.4% of cases. With regard to the functional selectivity, the sensitive-motor forms were most frequent (55.6%); according to the most involved structure, the axonal neuropathy was most common (44.4%). Discussion. The possible pathogenic mechanisms of the neurological pathology in this disease are discussed.
Evaluation of Antineoplastic Drug Exposure of Health Care Workers at Three University-Based US Cancer Centers

Objective: This study evaluated health care worker exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Methods: A cross-sectional study examined environmental samples from pharmacy and nursing areas. A 6-week diary documented tasks involving those drugs. Urine was analyzed for two specific drugs, and blood samples were analyzed by the comet assay. Results: Sixty-eight exposed and 53 nonexposed workers were studied. Exposed workers recorded 10,000 drug-handling events during the 6-week period. Sixty percent of wipe samples were positive for at least one of the five drugs measured. Cyclophosphamide was most commonly detected, followed by 5-fluorouracil. Three of the 68 urine samples were positive for one drug. No genetic damage was detected in exposed workers using the comet assay. Conclusions: Despite following recommended safe-handling practices, workplace contamination with antineoplastic drugs in pharmacy and nursing areas continues at these locations.
Understanding Air Force Members' Intentions to Participate in Pro-Environmental Behaviors: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

At a single installation, a cross section of 307 active duty Air Force members completed questionnaires to assess whether the theory of planned behavior was useful in explaining the service members' intentions to participate in three environmentally protective behaviors—recycling, carpooling, and energy conservation. While the individual tenets of the theory of planned behavior, i.e., attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived control, accounted for differing amounts of variance in intentions, the results indicated that the intentions of these Air Force members to recycle, conserve energy, and carpool were moderately explained by the tenets of the theory of planned behavior collectively when the results of a multiple regression were analyzed.
A generic statistical-based UWB channel model for high-rise apartments

A generic statistical-based ultrawide-band (UWB) indoor channel model which incorporates the clustering of multipath components (MPCs) is proposed. The model is derived using measurement data collected in the frequency band of 3-10 GHz in various types of high-rise apartment under different propagation scenarios. The measurement procedure allows the characterization of both the large-scale and the small-scale statistics of the channel. The main objective is to study multipath propagation behavior, particularly the phenomenon of clustered MPCs. The description of clustering observed in the channel uses two classes of parameters which characterize the clustering and the MPCs respectively. All parameters are described by a set of empirical probability density functions derived from the measured data such as the distribution of clusters and MPCs, cluster and MPC arrival statistics and small-scale amplitude fading statistics. A new distribution, namely, a mixture of two Poisson processes, is proposed to model the ray arrival times. This new distribution fits the empirical data better than the single Poisson process proposed in the conventional Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) model. Analysis results show that the small-scale amplitude fading statistics are best modeled by the Weibull distribution. The Weibull b-shape parameter is lognormally distributed and is found to be invariant across the excess delay. Additionally, the temporal correlation between adjacent path amplitudes is investigated. The amplitude temporal correlation coefficients are found to be relatively small, and thus, can be assumed to be negligible in reality. The proposed model can provide a realistic simulation platform for UWB communication systems.