Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
European report on drug consumption rooms.

The European report on drug consumption rooms describes what consumption rooms are and why and how they came about; whom they target, which specific objectives they have and how they function. It summarises available evidence on the expected benefits and risks of such facilities. Expected benefits are decreases among the target population in high risk drug use, morbidity and mortality, increased uptake of health and social care including drug treatment, and reductions in public drug use and neighbourhood nuisance.
Impact of management practices and managerial ability on the financial performance of aquaculture farms in Bangladesh

Abstract Theoretical and empirical research on farm management suggests that management practices and managerial ability affect farms’ financial performance. However, the explicit application of these concepts is scarce within the aquaculture field. In this study, the impact of management practices and managerial ability on the financial performance of aquaculture farms are investigated in Bangladesh. The aquaculture sector in Bangladesh mainly comprises small extensive freshwater pond farms, a good representative of aquaculture production in developing countries. The results indicate that both management practices and managerial ability affect farm financial performance. These findings emphasize that small-scale extensive aquaculture can be made more economically sustainable in developing countries if knowledge on improving management practices and managerial abilities are disseminated to farmers and policymakers.
How Gender, Age and Education Influence the Entrepreneur’s Social Orientation: The Moderating Effect of Economic Development

A social entrepreneur is an individual that creates a company to generate social value. Social entrepreneurs tend to develop these initiatives because they have a strong social orientation. The reason why people have a stronger or weaker social orientation has been analyzed through the lens of different subjects, among biological, social, and behavioral sciences. However, the literature does not agree about which variables influence individuals to have more or less social orientation. We investigated which variables influence the entrepreneur’s social orientation by using a large sample of individuals (n = 176,460) in 59 countries. Our results show that an entrepreneur’s social orientation is stronger for women, more educated, and older people. The economic development of the country moderates these relationships among the social orientation, gender, and education level of the individual. We found that the individual’s social orientation increases at the same rate as the country’s development level.
Empirical Analyses in Finance and Macroeconomics

This thesis has three essays which are empirical studies at the intersection of finance and macroeconomics. The topics include low interest rates and financial markets, debt contracts and corporate borrowing constraints, and expectations in finance and macro. The essays hope to provide empirical evidence, using diverse approaches, to better understand the connections as well as differences between classic theories and economic activities in practice.
An econometric Panel-MIDAS model of asset returns in the brazilian stock market

espanolPresentamos la especificacion, la estimacion y los analisis de un modelo econometrico para explicar y pronosticar los rendimientos de acciones del mercado bursatil brasileno. Las variables explicativas del modelo incluyen variables macroeconomicas, fundamentales y comportamentales muestreadas con diferentes frecuencias. El modelo utiliza la metodologia de regresion MIDAS, que permite la estimacion de regresiones con variables medidas en diferentes frecuencias. La muestra usada incluye acciones de instituciones no financieras del mercado accionario brasileno entre 2010 y 2016. Los resultados indican que el modelo es robusto explicando y pronosticando los rendimientos individuales de las acciones del mercado. EnglishWe present the specification, estimation and testing of an econometric model intended to explain and forecast individual returns of securities listed on the Brazilian stock market. The model's explanatory variables include macroeconomic, fundamental and behavioural variables sampled at different frequencies. The model uses the MIDAS regression methodology, which supports estimation of regressions with variables sampled at different frequencies. The sample includes non-financial institutions listed in the Brazilian stock exchange from 2010 to 2016. The results indicate that the model is robust in explaining and forecasting quarterly returns of individual shares listed on that market. portuguesApresentamos a especificacao, estimacao e analise de um modelo econometrico para explicar e projetar os retornos das acoes do mercado acionario brasileiro. As variaveis explicativas do modelo incluem variaveis macroeconomicas, fundamentalistas e comportamentais amostradas em diferentes frequencias. O modelo utiliza a metodologia de regressao MIDAS, que permite a estimacao de regressoes com variaveis mensuradas em diferentes frequencias. A amostra contempla as acoes das instituicoes nao financeiras do mercado acionario brasileiro entre 2010 e 2016. Os resultados indicam que o modelo e robusto em explicar e projetar os retornos individuais das acoes listadas naquele mercado.
Development of Psychological Integral Model for Women Entrepreneurship in South Asia (Evidence from Pakistan): A Mediated and Moderated Model

Women have been bound by traditional norms, beliefs, and values in which they are given secondary status within their communities as compared to men. They are marginalized by a patriarchal culture that assigns them the household responsibility. Although, women occupation in most of the societies has largely depended on childbearing, sustenance of the family and labor work in industries. However, in recent days the awareness and educational development among women have emerged the desire for small business and entrepreneurship. The idea of women’s entrepreneurship is not new in Pakistan and its acceptance as an important associate to achieve supportable monetary growth. However, despite the intention of doing business by women in Pakistan is low due to diversified factors like high discrimination, low trust, lack of confidence in the culture and society. There is rare evidence that women are increasingly involved in decisionmaking but there is no proper guiding principle to enlighten them to come out of their lives comfort zone. Having observed the literature on women problems and their intention to be selfindependent this study has developed a psychological integral model based on the psychological factors determining women entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The present study has also examined the association and impact of these explored factors on the entrepreneurial intention & behavior of young female business students who are studying in management sciences in different universities and degree awarding institutions of Pakistan. The study mainly pedestals on the Theory of Planned Behavior of Ajzen (1991), which can help in clarifying the entrepreneurial business intention & behavior of female students. This cross-sectional study was conducted through a research questionnaire survey by adopting valid instruments. The data was collected from 895 respondents ’female students. The hierarchical regression analysis (bootstrap) applied to test the impact of factors on women entrepreneurial intentions that lead to their behavior using AMOS and SPSS-(bootstrap). The result showed that women with high self-efficacy, self-confidence, the locus of control, social identity,
A two-stage DEA model to evaluate the efficiency of countries at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games

This study uses a two-stage DEA model to evaluate the efficiency of countries that participated in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. In the first stage, we calculated the efficiency scores using the number of athletes as the input, and the numbers of gold, silver, and bronze medals earned by each country as the outputs. In the second stage, we analyzed the effects of economic, demographic, and political factors on the efficiency scores. We show that GDP and low levels of democracy are also positively associated with efficiency scores, especially in the less efficient countries.
An assessment of the Migrants’ Arirang Multicultural Festival in South Korea: A comparative study of migrant and local visitors

Abstract This study targeted visitors attending a national multicultural festival in South Korea. A total of 709 respondents were analyzed to determine how local visitors and migrant visitors differed in perceived importance and performance. Analysis identified five festival dimensions including “restroom, parking, & staff,” “programs & activities,” “accessibility & location,” “souvenirs,” and “foods & drinks,” confirming no relationship between the importance and performance dimensions. Importantly, two groups showed both differences and similarities in the importance–performance analysis grid, while they statistically differed in all importance and performance dimensions. These findings reveal how the migrant group differs from the local group with respect to perceptions in planning to attend the multicultural festival and subsequent evaluations of their experience.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association of serum vitamin D level with anthropometric and metabolic factors in metabolic syndrome patients

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to an increased risk of glucose intolerance, diabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D levels vary between different populations and their association with metabolic syndrome in non-western populations remains equivocal. Objective: We examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association of vitamin D levels with anthropometric and metabolic factors in metabolic syndrome patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 300 patients with metabolic syndrome. Patients were prospectively recruited, physically examined, and assessed for vitamin D levels and other laboratory data. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D ≤20 ng/mL] was 40.7% [95% CI = 35% to 46%]. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for all variables, we found that increased waist circumference (WC) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.058; 95% CI = 1.016–1.103), decreased hand skin color darkness (AOR = 0.757; 95% CI = 0.597–0.959), increased total cholesterol (AOR = 1.019; 95% CI = 1.005–1.032), and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) (AOR = 1.029; 95% CI = 1.003–1.055) were significantly associated with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been observed in metabolic syndrome patients. After multivariate adjustment for all variables, high WC, light skin color, high total cholesterol levels, and high SBP were significantly associated with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency.
ASSESSING EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT AS A FUNCTION OF ORGANISATIONAL JUSTICE IN NIGERIA’S CORPORATE AFFAIRS COMMISSION

The goal of any organisation is to make considerable progress regardless of the situations with which the business has to contend. Organisational goals can be achieved with the right commitment by employees to official responsibilities. Employee commitment, however depends on how employees view the relationship they share with the organization. In this paper, an attempt is made to understand how organisational fairness impacts commitment and contributions of employees towards the achievement of organisational goal within Nigeria’s corporate affairs commission, an organisation that handles business registration in Nigeria. Using simple linear regression, each dimension of organisational justice; distributive, procedural and interactional was linearly regressed on individual types of employees’ commitment; affective, normative and continuance. Using age, sex and years of experience as control variables, it was found that organisational justice in its distributive form significantly impacts the level of commitment an employee will show as a result of being emotionally attached to an organization. In the same way, it was observed that employees of CAC exhibit normative commitment, since they perceive fairness of processes within the organization. On the other hand, a smooth relationship between CAC employees and associates (interactional justice) does not necessarily translate to continuance commitment
Public and Private Employer Learning: Evidence from the Adoption of Teacher Value Added

Informational asymmetries between employers may inhibit optimal worker mobility. However, researchers rarely observe shocks to employers’ information. I exploit two school districts’ adoptions of value-added (VA) measures of teacher effectiveness—informational shocks to some, but not all, employers—to provide direct tests of asymmetric employer learning. I develop a learning model and test its predictions for teacher mobility. I find that adopting VA increases within-district mobility of high-VA teachers, while low-VA teachers move out of district to uninformed principals. These patterns are consistent with asymmetric employer learning. This sorting from widespread VA adoption exacerbates inequality in access to effective teaching.
The status of perception, information exposure and knowledge of soil fertility among small-scale farmers in Ghana, Kenya, Mali and Zambia

ABSTRACT Purpose: Soil fertility is decreasing in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. To mitigate this trend, various agricultural technologies are available, but their uptake by farmers has been low. Perception of the problem, information exposure, and knowledge play a major role in adoption of technologies. This study assessed empirically the levels of perception, knowledge and information exposure among African farmers as an indicator for potential adoption of soil fertility technologies. Design/Methodology/approach: The study used survey data of more than 2,400 small-scale farmers selected through random sampling from Ghana, Kenya, Mali and Zambia. The survey investigated socio-economic factors, exposure to media, perception and knowledge of soil fertility and other information. Findings: Many farmers did not perceive soil fertility as a major challenge, except in Mali; farmers were hardly receiving information on soil fertility from professional agricultural sources, and they often lacked accurate knowledge about soil fertility technologies. Radio was by far the most used information source for farmers. Practical implications: The study has exposed the need for interventions to increase awareness, information exposure, and knowledge about soil fertility among farmers to strengthen the adoption of soil fertility technologies. It also calls for innovative ways of strengthening extension services through links with radio. Theoretical implications: The role of communication in the uptake of agricultural innovations is still under-researched, and hence this study exposes the need to investigate in-depth knowledge, perception levels, and quality and frequency of information exposure on various channels of soil fertility management. Originality: This is one of the few studies empirically measuring perception, information frequency on various channels, and knowledge of soil fertility among small-scale farmers in African countries.
Analysis of socio and economic factors that shape attitude towards immigrants: EU case

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The Militia’s Strategy in Using Public Information Space (Media Strategy of Militia to Reform the Organization Image in Bali)

This study examines the media strategy developed by the militia in Bali, a civil troop organizes itself into a security service. Bali has experienced massive tourism industrialization meaning security services are required. Unfortunately, these groups are often associated with “premanism” (thuggery). In the period of 2012 – 2016, these militia groups spent much energy reforming their organizations’ image. Various strategies have been developed, using public information space to expose their organizations’ brand of populism. The research question then, is what media strategy has the militia adopted to reform their organizations’ image? To answer this question, data was collected by interview, observation and documentation. This research found that the types of publicity used by mass organizations in Bali are primarily pure publicity and paid publicity. Pure publicity can be seen at every celebration of religious holidays. The three main mass organizations in Bali seem to compete to congratulate the holidays with large billboard campaigns on the edge of the highway. On most occassions, the billboards also display photos of the leaders of these mass organizations. These leaders claimed that the initial purpose of installing the billboards was both to show a sense of tolerance towards other religions and to highlight the existence of these organizations. Paid publicity is usually undertaken in the form of advertorials. Meanwhile, they also use social media to publicize their social activities. Different from the traditional media they use, their social media represents their populist image as a tolerant social organization under the cultural wisdom “Ajeg Bali”, reflected by the use of Balinese Gods, weapons and colors as their symbols.
Geometry and uncertainty in deep learning for computer vision

Deep learning and convolutional neural networks have become the dominant tool for computer vision. These techniques excel at learning complicated representations from data using supervised learning. In particular, image recognition models now out-perform human baselines under constrained settings. However, the science of computer vision aims to build machines which can see. This requires models which can extract richer information than recognition, from images and video. In general, applying these deep learning models from recognition to other problems in computer vision is significantly more challenging. This thesis presents end-to-end deep learning architectures for a number of core computer vision problems; scene understanding, camera pose estimation, stereo vision and video semantic segmentation. Our models outperform traditional approaches and advance state-ofthe-art on a number of challenging computer vision benchmarks. However, these end-to-end models are often not interpretable and require enormous quantities of training data. To address this, we make two observations: (i) we do not need to learn everything from scratch, we know a lot about the physical world, and (ii) we cannot know everything from data, our models should be aware of what they do not know. This thesis explores these ideas using concepts from geometry and uncertainty. Specifically, we show how to improve end-to-end deep learning models by leveraging the underlying geometry of the problem. We explicitly model concepts such as epipolar geometry to learn with unsupervised learning, which improves performance. Secondly, we introduce ideas from probabilistic modelling and Bayesian deep learning to understand uncertainty in computer vision models. We show how to quantify different types of uncertainty, improving safety for real world applications.
Discarding social investment and redistribution in the name of austerity? The case of Finnish family policy reforms 2007—2015

ABSTRACT Since the 1970s, Finland has conducted family policies that could be labelled social investments, for example, investments in work–family balance or public childcare, while at the same time it has protected the economic standard of families with children through various income transfers. However, after the 2008–2009 financial crisis these policies including those with socially investing objectives have been increasingly subjected to cuts in benefit levels and entitlements in order to lower public expenditure, which raises the question if there has been a shift away from social investments and redistribution towards austerity policies. By analysing government programs from the period 2007–2015, this article discusses if, and to what extent, such a change can be traced in the Finnish government discourse. More specifically the article studies the narrative stories used to legitimise changes (reforms) in existing family policy and to what extent these changes were informed by a social investment perspective focusing on ‘new’ social risks, a traditional redistribution perspective emphasising ‘old’ social risks, or a neoliberal austerity perspective advocating fiscal austerity and welfare cuts. We argue that the first two perspectives were dominant prior to and during the first phase of the international financial crisis, whereas the third perspective became dominant after the crisis. Moreover, the results show that the main storyline in the legitimisation of the reforms was stories of ‘progress’ in combination with stories of ‘control’ and helplessness’.
Representing Workers on Occupational Safety and Health: Some Lessons from a Largely Ignored History

The decade from 1970 witnessed major reforms of occupational health and safety (OSH) laws in Western Europe, North America and Australasia. The establishment of worker representation in OSH was one of their most significant features. Largely overlooked in commentary then or since however was the fact that worker representation in safety had a far longer history, having operated in coal mining from a century earlier in some countries. The purpose of this paper is not so much to fill this historical gap as to examine this earlier development in terms of its contribution to better understand worker representation in OSH at the present time.