Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A biomimetic vision-based hovercraft accounts for bees’ complex behaviour in various corridors

Here we present the first systematic comparison between the visual guidance behaviour of a biomimetic robot and those of honeybees flying in similar environments. We built a miniature hovercraft which can travel safely along corridors with various configurations. For the first time, we implemented on a real physical robot the ‘lateral optic flow regulation autopilot’, which we previously studied computer simulations. This autopilot inspired by the results of experiments on various species of hymenoptera consists of two intertwined feedback loops, the speed and lateral control loops, each of which has its own optic flow (OF) set-point. A heading-lock system makes the robot move straight ahead as fast as 69 cm s−1 with a clearance from one wall as small as 31 cm, giving an unusually high translational OF value (125° s−1). Our biomimetic robot was found to navigate safely along straight, tapered and bent corridors, and to react appropriately to perturbations such as the lack of texture on one wall, the presence of a tapering or non-stationary section of the corridor and even a sloping terrain equivalent to a wind disturbance. The front end of the visual system consists of only two local motion sensors (LMS), one on each side. This minimalistic visual system measuring the lateral OF suffices to control both the robot's forward speed and its clearance from the walls without ever measuring any speeds or distances. We added two additional LMSs oriented at +/−45° to improve the robot's performances in stiffly tapered corridors. The simple control system accounts for worker bees’ ability to navigate safely in six challenging environments: straight corridors, single walls, tapered corridors, straight corridors with part of one wall moving or missing, as well as in the presence of wind.
FIRST SPACE-BASED MICROLENS PARALLAX MEASUREMENT OF AN ISOLATED STAR: SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF OGLE-2014-BLG-0939

We present the first space-based microlens parallax measurement of an isolated star. From the striking differences in the lightcurve as seen from Earth and from Spitzer ( ∼ 1 AU ? > to the west), we infer a projected velocity v ˜ hel ∼ 250 km s - 1 ? > , which strongly favors a lens in the Galactic Disk with mass M = 0.23 ± 0.07 M ⊙ ? > and distance D L = 3.1 ± 0.4 kpc ? > . An ensemble of such measurements drawn from our ongoing program could be used to measure the single-lens mass function including dark objects, and also is necessary for measuring the Galactic distribution of planets since the ensemble reflects the underlying Galactic distribution of microlenses. We study the application of the many ideas to break the four-fold degeneracy first predicted by Refsdal 50 years ago. We find that this degeneracy is clearly broken, but by two unanticipated mechanisms: a weak constraint on the orbital parallax from the ground-based data and a definitive measurement of the source proper motion.
A long-term laboratory test on staining susceptibility of esthetic composite resin materials.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the color stability of composite resin types designed for esthetic anterior restorations when continuously exposed to various staining agents. METHOD AND MATERIALS Thirty-six disk-shaped specimens were made of each of 12 composite materials (1 microfilled and 11 hybrid composites). After dry storage at 37 degrees C for 24 hours in an incubator (INP-500, Memmert), the initial color of each specimen was assessed by a calibrated reflectance spectrophotometer (SpectroShade). Specimens were immersed in five staining solutions or dry stored (control). All specimens were kept in an incubator at 37 degrees C for 99 days. Test solutions were changed every 14th day to avoid bacteria or yeast contamination. After 99 days of storage, spectrophotometric measurements were again performed and L*a*b* scores once more recorded to determine the color changes. RESULTS Wine proved to have the highest staining potential followed by coffee, tea, orange juice, and cola, which had the lowest staining potential. The highest color change measured against a white background was observed for Durafill (Heraeus Kulzer) in wine (DeltaE = 62.3), while the least staining was found for Enamel HFO (Micerium) in cola (DeltaE = 3.5). The highest color change measured against a black background was observed for EsthetX (Dentsply) in wine (DeltaE = 46.0), while the least staining was observed for Enamel HFO in cola (DeltaE = 2.5). CONCLUSION Composite staining susceptibility proved to vary among composite structure and brands. Potential discoloration might be limited by dietary restriction based on such in vitro evaluation.
Application of DNA and immunoassay analytical methods for GMO testing in agricultural crops and plant-derived products

The introduction of new agricultural commodities and products derived from modern biotechnology may have an impact on human and animal health, the environment and economies of countries. As more Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) enter markets worldwide, the monitoring of GMOs is being preferred for obvious reasons such as determination of seed purity, verification of non-GMO status of agricultural crops and fulfilling GMO labeling provisions, to mention a few. Numerous GMO analytical methods which include screening, identification and quantification have been developed to reliably determine the presence and/or amount of GMO in agricultural commodities, in raw agricultural materials and in processed and refined ingredients. The detection of GMOs relies on the detection of transgenic DNA or protein material. For routine analysis, a good sample preparation technique should reproducibly generate DNA/protein of sufficient quality, purity and yield while minimizing the effects of inhibition and contamination. The key sample preparation steps include homogenization, pretreatment, extraction and purification. Due to the fact that analytical laboratories receive samples that are often processed and refined, the quality and quantity of transgenic target analyte (e.g. protein and DNA) frequently challenge the sensitivity of any detection method. With the development of GMO analysis techniques, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique has been the mainstay for GMO detection, and the real-time PCR is the most effective and important method for GMO quantification. The choice of target sequence; for example a promoter, a terminator, a gene, or a junction between two of these elements, is the single most important factor controlling the specificity of the PCR method. Recent developments include event-specific methods, particularly useful for identification and quantification of GM content. Although PCR technology has obvious limitations, the potentially high degree of sensitivity and specificity explains why PCR in its various formats, is currently the leading analytical technology employed in GMO analysis. Comparatively, immunoassays are becoming attractive tools for rapid field monitoring for the integrity of agricultural commodities in identity preservation systems, whereby non-specialised personnel can employ them in cost-effective manner. This review discusses various popular extraction methodologies and summarises the current status of the most widely used and easily applicable GMO analysis technologies in laboratories, namely the PCR and immunoassay technologies.
Retention rates of infliximab and tocilizumab during a 3-year period in a Brazilian hospital

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the efficacy and the period of use of tocilizumab and infliximab during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods: The period of use of two biologics with different mechanisms of action were compared in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Results: Both medications showed efficacy, but the period of use with no loss of efficacy was longer in patients receiving tocilizumab when compared to infliximab. Conclusion: Tocilizumab maintains a period of use significantly longer as compared with infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated at a single organization.
Relationships Between Repeated Sprint Testing, Speed, and Endurance

Pyne, DB, Saunders, PU, Montgomery, PG, Hewitt, AJ, and Sheehan, K. Relationships between repeated sprint testing, speed, and endurance. J Strength Cond Res 22(5): 1633-1637, 2008-Repeated sprint testing is gaining popularity in team sports, but the methods of data analysis and relationships to speed and endurance qualities are not well described. We compared three different methods for analyzing repeated sprint test results, and we quantified relationships between repeated sprints, short sprints, and endurance test scores. Well-trained male junior Australian Football players (n = 60, age 18.1 ± 0.4 years, height 1.88 ± 0.07 m, mass 82.0 ± 8.1 kg; mean ± SD) completed a 6 × 30-m repeated sprint running test on a 20-second cycle, a 20-m sprint test (short sprint), and the 20-m multistage shuttle run for endurance. Repeated sprint results were evaluated in three ways: total time for all six sprints (TOTAL), percent change from predicted times (PRED) from the fastest 30-m sprint time, and percent change from first to last sprint (CHANGE). We observed a very large decrement (CHANGE 6.3 ± 0.7%, mean ± 90% confidence limits) in 30-m performance from the first to last sprint (4.16 ± 0.10 to 4.42 ± 0.11 seconds, mean ± SD). Results from TOTAL were highly correlated with 20-m sprint and 20-m multistage shuttle run tests. Performance decrements calculated by PRED were highly correlated with TOTAL (r = 0.91), but neither method was directly comparable with CHANGE (r = −0.23 and r = 0.12 respectively). TOTAL was moderately correlated with fastest 20-m sprint time (r = 0.66) but not the 20-m multistage shuttle run (r = −0.20). Evaluation of repeated sprint testing is sensitive to the method of data analysis employed. The total sprint time and indices of the relative decrement in performance are not directly interchangeable. Repeated sprint ability seems more related to short sprint qualities than endurance fitness.
Flux flow and vortex tunneling in two-dimensional arrays of small Josephson junctions.

We have measured the temperature dependence and magnetic field dependence of the zero-bias resistance ({ital R}{sub 0}) as well as the current-voltage ({ital I}-{ital V}) characteristics for several two-dimensional arrays of small aluminum Josephson junctions. {ital R}{sub 0}({ital T}) decreases with decreasing temperature, which can be described in terms of two types of vortex motion: flux, flow, and vortex tunneling. At temperatures higher than the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature ({ital T}{gt}{ital T}{sub {ital c}}) or at a bias current greater than the current corresponding to the onset of the nonlinear {ital I}-{ital V} characteristics ({ital I}{gt}{ital I}{sub {ital d}}), the effective damping resistance which characterizes flux-flow motion is found to be approximately equal to the junction normal-state resistance {ital R}{sub {ital N}}. At low temperatures and at small bias current, {ital R}{sub 0} is temperature independent and remains finite down to our minimum attainable temperature. This finite resistance is found to be dependent on the array size as well as the junction parameters. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and suicide ideation among psychiatric inpatients: The role of thwarted interpersonal needs

ABSTRACT Objective: The interpersonal theory of suicide posits the simultaneous presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (i.e., thwarted interpersonal needs) leads to active suicide ideation. According to the psychological flexibility model, psychological inflexibility is in part a product of cognitive fusion (i.e., becoming entangled or wrapped up in one’s thoughts) and experiential avoidance (i.e., avoidance of internal private experiences, which include thoughts and feelings). We hypothesized that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, in parallel, would mediate the positive relation between experiential avoidance and suicide ideation and between cognitive fusion and suicide ideation. Method: Participants were 118 adult psychiatric inpatients who completed self-report assessments of thwarted interpersonal needs, cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, and suicide ideation. Results: Using bootstrapped parallel mediation regression procedures, results indicated thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness mediated, in parallel, the positive relation between experiential avoidance and suicide ideation and between cognitive fusion and suicide ideation. Additionally, thwarted belongingness, but not perceived burdensomeness, independently mediated the relation between cognitive fusion and suicide ideation. Conclusion: The current findings indicate that psychological inflexibility variables are associated with increased thwarted interpersonal needs and suicide ideation. The findings of this study provide support for the integration of the interpersonal theory of suicide and psychological flexibility model to improve our conceptualization of suicide risk among psychiatric inpatients. Clinical or methodological significance summary: The findings of this study provide support for the integration of the interpersonal theory of suicide and psychological flexibility model to improve our conceptualization of suicide risk among psychiatric inpatients.
Six cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide or Paclitaxel are not superior to four cycles as adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in women with zero to three positive axillary nodes: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 40101.

PURPOSE The ideal duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with lower risk primary breast cancer is not known. Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 40101 was conducted using a phase III factorial design to define whether six cycles of a chemotherapy regimen are superior to four cycles. We also sought to determine whether paclitaxel (T) is as efficacious as doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC), but with reduced toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2002 and 2008, the study enrolled women with operable breast cancer and zero to three positive nodes. Patients were randomly assigned to either four or six cycles of either AC or T. Study stratifiers were estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and menopausal status. After 2003, all treatment was administered in dose-dense fashion. The primary efficacy end point was relapse-free survival (RFS). RESULTS A total of 3,171 patients were enrolled; 94% were node-negative and 6% had one to three positive nodes. At a median follow-up of 5.3 years, the 4-year RFS was 90.9% and 91.8% for six and four cycles, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of six to four cycles regarding RFS was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.28; P=.77). The 4-year OS was 95.3% and 96.3% for six and four cycles, respectively, with an HR of six to four cycles of 1.12 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.49; P=.44). There was no interaction between treatment duration and chemotherapy regimen, ER/PgR, or HER2 status on RFS or OS. CONCLUSION For women with resected primary breast cancer and zero to three positive nodes, we found no evidence that extending chemotherapy regimens of AC or single-agent T from four to six cycles improves clinical outcome.
Regional xenon 133 cerebral blood flow and cerebral technetium 99m HMPAO uptake in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and matched normal control subjects. Determination by high-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography.

We measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the xenon 133 (133Xe) inhalation method and with regional cerebral uptake of technetium 99m d,l-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) by single-photon emission computed tomography in 10 adult male patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in 10 age-matched adult male normal controls. With the 133Xe method, there were no significant differences in cortical or basal ganglia blood flow between the patients with OCD and their matched controls. In the patients, there was a positive relationship between rCBF and the severity of both obsessive and compulsive symptoms (average r = .48). These rCBF findings were consistent with those of earlier reports of increased rCBF in patients with OCD who were undergoing imaginal flooding and who had exacerbation of symptoms following m-CPP administration. 99mTc-HMPAO is a lipophilic molecule that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted to a hydrophilic form that is trapped in the brain. The amount that is trapped is determined primarily by blood flow, but also by membrane permeability and kinetics of conversion of the 99mTc-HMPAO to the hydrophilic form. Compared with their matched controls, the patients with OCD had significantly increased 99mTc-HMPAO uptake in the high dorsal parietal cortex bilaterally, in the left posterofrontal cortex, and in the orbital frontal cortex bilaterally. Possible explanations include (1) increased rCBF that was not detected with 133Xe, (2) increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and/or cell membranes, and (3) increased conversion and trapping of the lipophilic, injected form of 99mTc-HMPAO in these regions. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Estudos sobre a biologia de algas agarófitas. I - recolonização, brotamento e fenologia em populações naturais de Pterocladia capillacea (Rhodophyta-Gelidiaceae)

Experiencias e observacoes realizadas com populacoes de Pterocladia capillacea do litoral norte do Estado de S. Paulo (Ubatuba) no periodo de 1968-71 permitiram concluir que: esta especie ocorre durante o ano todo e que seus individuos podem ser considerados como perenes; a reproducao vegetativa atraves de brotamento das porcoes basais e bastante eficiente e a regeneracao de ramos cortados faz-se rapidamente atraves da diferenciacao de uma celula apical.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in epilepsy patients in a teaching hospital in Malaysia

Background & Objective: Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with extradigestive diseases including epilepsy. The main aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori using 13 C urea breath test (UBT) in epilepsy patients in a teaching hospital in Malaysia and compared to control. Methods: The study subjects were epilepsy patients from the neurology clinic in a teaching hospital. The study was conducted from August 2010 to February 2011. The control consisted of healthy individuals matched for age and gender, not on any acid suppression medications and antibiotics. All subjects underwent UBT as per protocol. Variables such as age, race, household income, types of epilepsy, duration of epilepsy, number of antiepileptic drugs, prognosis were analysed. Good prognosis was defi ned as seizure free for 3 years. Results: Forty eight epilepsy patients and 47 control subjects were studied. Prevalence of H. pylori infection in the epilepsy patients was 37.5% (n=18) and was 36.2% (n=17) in control. There were signifi cantly more subjects in the epilepsy group with lower income. There were also more smokers in the epilepsy group but there was no association between smoking and positive UBT. Epilepsy patients with poor prognosis have a higher UBT positive rate compared to the good prognosis group (64.3% vs 35.7 %). However the difference was not statistically signifi cant. Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in epilepsy patients is similar to that of the control in this study involving Malaysian subjects.
Influence of Male Personal and Demographic Characteristics on Semen Parameters and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome; Is Sperm DNA Integrity Testing Clinically Relevant?

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of male characteristics on semen quality and to evaluate the impact of items of both parameters on ICSI outcome, with special focus on the clinical significance of sperm DNA integrity testing. Patients and Methods: This study included 100 non-azoospermic infertile men scheduled for ICSI. For each patient, full personal, demographic and medical data were collected and its relation to standard semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation (assessed by COMET assay) and ICSI outcomes were analysed. Results: Basic semen parameters were not correlated well with the studied male characteristics, except for the significant difference between hash users and non-users regarding seminal volume (p=0.019). Among the studied male characteristics, the only parameters that correlated well with increased sperm mean DNA fragmentation index was increased husband's age and smoking status (p< 0.000), however, pregnancy outcome after ICSI was not affected by the three parameters. A significant statistical correlation was found between urban residency, chemical occupational exposure and increased female age with negative pregnancy outcome (p=0.018, 0.036 and 0.040 respectively), while there was no significant statistical correlation between pregnancy outcome neither with other male characteristics nor with standard semen parameters. Conclusion: Paternal characteristics were not correlated well with conventional semen parameters. Although sperm DNA status was affected by smoking and aging, it does not influence ICSI outcome. Contrarily, other male characteristics (e.g. Urban residency and chemical occupational exposure) negatively correlated with pregnancy outcome without concomitant affection of sperm DNA status, which exclude DNA disruption as an explanation for the negative impact of paternal factors on ICSI.
Age-related changes in human tear composition and stability.

The preocular tear film is involved in physical protection, corneal nutrition, lid lubrication and refraction of light entering the eye. With each blink the tear film is reformed, so it needs to be stable when the eyes are open between blinks. Tear film stability is dependent on its physical properties, in particular surface tension and viscosity.1,2
Mass spectral molecular networking of living microbial colonies

Integrating the governing chemistry with the genomics and phenotypes of microbial colonies has been a “holy grail” in microbiology. This work describes a highly sensitive, broadly applicable, and cost-effective approach that allows metabolic profiling of live microbial colonies directly from a Petri dish without any sample preparation. Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS), combined with alignment of MS data and molecular networking, enabled monitoring of metabolite production from live microbial colonies from diverse bacterial genera, including Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces coelicolor, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This work demonstrates that, by using these tools to visualize small molecular changes within bacterial interactions, insights can be gained into bacterial developmental processes as a result of the improved organization of MS/MS data. To validate this experimental platform, metabolic profiling was performed on Pseudomonas sp. SH-C52, which protects sugar beet plants from infections by specific soil-borne fungi [R. Mendes et al. (2011) Science 332:1097–1100]. The antifungal effect of strain SH-C52 was attributed to thanamycin, a predicted lipopeptide encoded by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster. Our technology, in combination with our recently developed peptidogenomics strategy, enabled the detection and partial characterization of thanamycin and showed that it is a monochlorinated lipopeptide that belongs to the syringomycin family of antifungal agents. In conclusion, the platform presented here provides a significant advancement in our ability to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of metabolite production in live microbial colonies and communities.