Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time transcription system for simultaneous subtitling of Japanese broadcast news programs

There are strong demands to expand captioned broadcasting for TV news programs in Japan. However, keyboard entry of captioned manuscripts for news programs cannot keep pace with the speed of speech because Japanese use ideographic characters. To realize simultaneous subtitling of Japanese news programs, a real-time speech recognition system to handle broadcast news transcription has been developed. Experiments showed that word recognition error rate of the system for studio announcer speech is 2.8% in the real-time recognition and the error rate can reduce to 0.8% by manual correction with an average total delay of 10.4 seconds.
Immunocytochemical Identification of Gonadotropic Cell Types and Changes in Cell Numbers during Annual Reproductive Cycle in Pituitary Gland of Adult Male Sand Goby , O x yeleotris marmoratus

Pituitary gonadotropes were studied in the adult male sand goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) during its annual reproductive cycle. Pituitary glands were taken from each of the 5 stages of testicular development: resting, developing, mature, spawning and spent. The pituitary glands were processed for Masson’s trichrome staining and immunocytochemistry using anti-chum salmon GTH Iβ and GTH IIβ antibodies. Most of the basophils in the proximal par distalis showed immunoreactivity to GTH IIβ. No cell showed immunoreactivity to GTH Iβ at any stage of testicular development. The number of GTH IIβ labeled cells was relatively low in the resting stage (22.46 ± 4.34 cell/mm) but significantly higher during the developing stage (49.21 ± 7.71 cell/mm) (P<0.05) compared to the resting stage. The number of immunoreactive cells decreased during the mature stage (31.29 ± 7.23 cell/mm) and was relatively constant in the spawning stage (30.41 ± 2.56 cell/mm) and spent stage (29.16 ± 2.21 cell/mm). Based on the well known function of GTH, the presence of only GTH IIβ but not GTH Iβ in the pituitary gonadotropes suggested the involvement of GTH IIβ in spermatogenesis of the male sand goby. Moreover, the high number of GTH IIβ immunoreactive cells during testicular developing stage correlated with the maturation of sperm further confirmed the role of GTH IIβ in controlling cell proliferation during spermatogenesis.
Role of initial magnetic disorder: A time-dependent ab initio study of ultrafast demagnetization mechanisms

We investigate laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization of ferromagnetic systems for high-speed data processing and storage. Despite more than 20 years of development, the underlying physics of the laser-induced demagnetization process is still debated. We present a fast, real-time time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) algorithm together with the phenomenological atomic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert model to investigate this problem. Our Hamiltonian considers noncollinear magnetic moment, spin-orbit coupling (SOC), electron-electron, electron-phonon, and electron-light interactions. The algorithm for time evolution achieves hundreds of times of speedup enabling calculation of large systems. Our simulations yield a demagnetization rate similar to experiments. We found that (i) the angular momentum flow from light to the system is not essential and the spin Zeeman effect is negligible. (ii) The phonon can play a role but is not essential. (iii) The initial spin disorder and the self-consistent update of the electron-electron interaction play dominant roles and enhance the demagnetization to the experimentally observed rate. The spin disorder connects the electronic structure theory with the phenomenological three-temperature model.
Solvent-dependent segmental dynamics in intrinsically disordered proteins

Molecular simulation and NMR reveal how intrinsically disordered proteins move in synergy with their surrounding environment. Protein and water dynamics have a synergistic relationship, which is particularly important for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), although the details of this coupling remain poorly understood. Here, we combine temperature-dependent molecular dynamics simulations using different water models with extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation to examine the importance of distinct modes of solvent and solute motion for the accurate reproduction of site-specific dynamics in IDPs. We find that water dynamics play a key role in motional processes internal to “segments” of IDPs, stretches of primary sequence that share dynamic properties and behave as discrete dynamic units. We identify a relationship between the time scales of intrasegment dynamics and the lifetime of hydrogen bonds in bulk water. Correct description of these motions is essential for accurate reproduction of protein relaxation. Our findings open important perspectives for understanding the role of hydration water on the behavior and function of IDPs in solution.
Group model building: adding more science to the craft

This article discusses the issue of making group model building interventions more of a science than an art by outlining a number of requirements of a research program. Important elements that are discussed are the various goals of group model building interventions and the components and scripts of an intervention. Then the problem of theory development is discussed, together with a number of hypotheses which the authors suggest need more investigation. The article also discusses issues related to the selection of an appropriate research design, as well as a number of thorny measurement problems. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 13, 187‐201, 1997 (No. of Figures: 0 No. of Tables: 0 No. of Refs: 36) The articles in this special issue have presented a number of standard procedures of group model-building approaches, as well as results from empirical studies aiming to identify the success of modeling with client groups. From these articles it becomes clear that group model building is still more art than science. Research on the effects of group model building is scarce; it focuses on a wide variety of outcomes and variables, and research designs differ quite considerably. Instead of a solid research program creating replicable 1 and cumulative results, we seem to have series of presumptions and hunches being repeated in a descriptive literature with little empirical evidence, certainly lacking any sense of competing propositions or refutability of the claims being made (most often by the practitioners who are using the system-intervention approach). The norm for research seems to be to posit an intuitively grounded hunch about what will work with a group and then to design a facilitated conference process around that hunch. If the interventions are successful (in the sense that paying clients like them and are willing to fund them being repeated), then the hunch is substantiated and the best intuitive practice continues. It seems that legends about what is working grow up around these interventions in what can only be described as superstitious behavior. An example may help here. Those of us who work in the field of system dynamics have long held the belief that one of the great benefits of our modeling craft is that
A Model For Prognosis of Early Breast Cancer

The prediction of clinical outcome of patients after breast cancer surgery plays an important role in medical tasks like diagnosis and treatment planning. These kinds of estimations are currently performed by clinicians using non-numerical techniques. Artificial neural networks are shown to be a powerful tool for analyzing data sets where there are complicated nonlinear interactions between the input data and the information to be predicted. In this paper, we study the approximation of the a posteriori probability of Bayes by feedforward three-layer neural networks. This study is applied for the prediction of patients relapse probability using clinical-pathological data (tumor size, patient age, estrogen receptors, etc.) from the Medical Oncology Service of the Hospital Clinico Universitario of Malaga, Spain. Different network topologies and learning parameters are investigated to obtain the best prediction accuracy. The actual results show as, after training process, the final model is appropriate to make predictions about the relapse probability at different times of follow-up. Key-Words: Backpropagation algorithm, Bayes error, diagnostic systems, multi-layer feed-forward neural networks, medical diagnosis.
Early stone emplacement in three Scottish ecclesiastical national monuments

The stonework at three well-known Scottish ecclesiastical buildings has been examined in detail. In each, the orientation of the bedding layers in individual stones in certain quoins and arch jambs, and in two instances the wall faces, indicate when these buildings were first erected. In England, the period of construction would have been described as Anglo-Saxon; in this paper the work is referred to as being of 'Patterned' style. On this evidence each building is ascribed to a particularly early origin.
Theoretical basis for Nuclear-waste Remediation with Femto-atoms and Femto-molecules

The relativistic quantum mechanics equations for atoms predict deep electron orbits with radii in the femto-meter range in addition to the known atomic orbitals. In prior papers, we have explored a model for the deep-orbit solutions of these relativistic equations and of the resulting hydrogen and helium femto-atoms (and even femto-molecules). One prediction of this model, based on observations from successful cold fusion (CF) results and previously mentioned, is that of hard-radiation-free transmutation. An extension of this important feature is that of the relativistic long-range electromagnetic forces of the deep-orbit electrons that can draw a femtoatom or molecule through a lattice to an excited or unstable nucleus. The earlier papers on this topic assumed the deep-orbit electrons to have kinetic energies in the 1–2 MeV range. Our recent work has replaced and/or augmented the low-MeV range with ∼100 MeV values. These highly relativistic electrons create basically the same remediation characteristics as those at 1–2 MeV. The selective attraction of mobile femto-atoms or molecules to radionuclides means that, not only their transmutation products but, all radioactive materials in the vicinity are preferentially made to decay by multi-particle, but fast, processes. This ability to so neutralize such materials explains some of the outstanding questions about low-energy nuclear reaction (LENR) results, such as why known characteristic decay products of observed neutron-activated transmutations are not seen. Presently, the model is only a possible explanation of observations. This paper is not a “how-to” document. It seeks to consolidate, update, and expand our prior theoretical material on selective transmutation and nuclear-waste remediation that could lead to suggestions for experimental testing and possible confirmation of the proposed model. c ⃝ 2019 ISCMNS. All rights reserved. ISSN 2227-3123
Value Relevance of Discretionary Accruals under Environmental Uncertainty : The Incidence of IFRS and the Legal System

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of IFRS on the value relevance of discretionary accruals given environmental uncertainty for two different legal regimes, i.e. France and the United Kingdom. Our main findings are the following. First, IFRS improve the value relevance of discretionary accruals in a larger extent in France in comparison to the UK. Second, using a net of industry proxy for environmental uncertainty, in a situation of high negative sales variation, discretionary accruals are less valued under IFRS than local GAAP. This is consistent with the view that opportunistic earnings management would be easier to detect under IFRS. Hence, IFRS are generally considered more stringent and detailed than the domestic accounting standards they replace. Third, in a situation of high positive sales variation, discretionary accruals, which are likely to provide a credible signal about future cash flows, are more valued under IFRS than French GAAP. In that regard, no significant difference is observed between IFRS and UK GAAP.
Phonological Processes in Hindi Speaking Typically Developing Children Across Rural and Urban Areas

Language refers to a rule based system of symbolic communication involving a set of small unit (syllables or words) that can be combined to yield an infinite number of larger language forms. As the literature review suggests, there are three structures of phonological processes in Hindi speaking children. All these studies have been done in Urban children as subjects. Despite of this, limited amount of research studies focus on children residing in these rural areas of India. The knowledge of phonological development has a great significance in the clinical population to determine whether a child is phonologically disordered and needs intervention. The objective of the study is to describe the percentage and types of phonological processes exhibited by 3-4 year old, Hindi speaking typically developing Urban and Rural children. The results revealed that the mean percentage of correct responses was higher in the Urban children. Children of both the groups demonstrated a wide array of phonological processes. The higher percentage of Phonological Processes in Rural children when compared to those in Urban children could be attributed to the limited educational facilities and lack of parental attention given to a rural child’s utterances. It was also noted during the study that people living in urban India have much better living and health conditions than those in rural areas. Rural areas are generally economically very poor when compared to urban areas, especially in India, and the amount of attention and care given to children is very limited.
Numerical implementation and oceanographic application of the thermodynamic potentials of liquid water, water vapour, ice, seawater and humid air – Part 2: The library routines

Abstract. The SCOR/IAPSO1 Working Group 127 on Thermodynamics and Equation of State of Seawater has prepared recommendations for new methods and algorithms for numerical estimation of the the thermophysical properties of seawater. As an outcome of this work, a new International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater (TEOS–10) was endorsed by IOC/UNESCO2 in June 2009 as the official replacement and extension of the 1980 International Equation of State, EOS-80. As part of this new standard a source code package has been prepared that is now made freely available to users via the World Wide Web. This package includes two libraries referred to as the SIA (Sea-Ice-Air) library and the GSW (Gibbs SeaWater) library. Information on the GSW library may be found on the TEOS-10 web site ( http://www.TEOS-10.org ). This publication provides an introduction to the SIA library which contains routines to calculate various thermodynamic properties as discussed in the companion paper. The SIA library is very comprehensive, including routines to deal with fluid water, ice, seawater and humid air as well as equilibrium states involving various combinations of these, with equivalent code developed in different languages. The code is hierachically structured in modules that support (i) almost unlimited extension with respect to additional properties or relations, (ii) an extraction of self-contained sub-libraries, (iii) separate updating of the empirical thermodynamic potentials, and (iv) code verification on different platforms and between different languages. Error trapping is implemented to identify when one or more of the primary routines are accessed significantly beyond their established range of validity. The initial version of the SIA library is available in Visual Basic and FORTRAN as a supplement to this publication and updates will be maintained on the TEOS-10 web site. 1SCOR/IAPSO: Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research/International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans 2IOC/UNESCO: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission/United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
M ACHINE - LEARNING - BASED D EFECT P REDICTION IN H IGH - PRECISION F OUNDRY P RODUCTION

Foundry has evolved from the ancient magic-surrounded activity it used to be, to become a key industry that maintains the world as we know it. Thereby, it supplies major pieces to another industries such as, automotive, naval, aeronautic, weapon and so on. As one may think, many of these pieces play key roles in the final product as in the case of brakes, aeroplane components or wind energy castings and this reason imposes high-quality standards: the tiniest defect may become fatal. Therefore, there are very strict quality standards to assure the exclusion of faulty pieces. Unfortunately, these controls are all performed in an ex-post manner, when the production effort is already done. In this sense, error prediction, firstly, allows avoiding the production of defective items to fulfil quality standards, and secondly, it also helps not to squander resources on that activity. Nowadays, the most used techniques for the assurance of failure-free foundry processes are exhaustive production control and diverse simulation techniques [1] but they are extremely expensive and only achieve good results in an a posteriori fashion. On one hand, microshrinkage, also called secondary contraction, consists of tiny porosities that appear when the casting is cooling down, and almost all process parameters interact on its apparition making it impossible to avoid so far [2, 3]. The biggest problem associated to microshrinkages is that pieces flawed with this defect must be discarded. Moreover, caused either by an increment on the amount of disposed castings in the routine quality inspections (with random-picked pieces) or after a client’s reclamation, security measures
Association and Interdependency Among the Stock Markets of Several Former Yugoslav Countries

The article explores the longand short-run association among the capital markets of several countries that emerged from the collapse of former Yugoslavia, as well as their dependency with one of the mature European markets. Two econometric techniques have been used to explore the inter-market linkages and the mutual influence among the markets. The Johansen cointegration framework applied to five markets pointed to the existence of one cointegrating vector, but the results could not be validated through standard tests. The Vector Autoregressive model revealed certain causal dependencies among the markets. These relationships should be understood as chronological ordering of the market trends, rather than as real spillovers of information or capital among the countries. These conclusions should teach the investors that they should closely follow the trends in the leading markets in order to provide themselves with timely information related to the composition of their portfolios.
Comparison of bond strength offive adhesive materials for bonding of orthodontic brackets : composite resins and resin-modified glass ionomer cements

The aim ofthe presented study was to compare bond strength of5 adhesive materials by means oftensile test: composite resins Brackfix (VOCO, Germany), Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA), Nomix (American Orthodontics, USA), and resin modified GIC Fuji Ortho LC (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and Fuji Ortho (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Metal brackets (Omni Arch, GAC) were bonded to buccal surface of 100 extracted human premolars (5 groups of20 each). Testing machine was ZWICK Z020. Though the bond strength of composite resins was significantlybetter, all the adhesives proved sufficient for clinical practice. (Ortodoncie 2004, 13, No. 3, p. 29-34) Klíčová slova: pevnost vazby, adhezivní materiál
Sequential Homophily in Founding Teams and Gender Disparity in Entrepreneurship

Sequential Homophily in Founding Teams and Gender Disparity in Entrepreneurship Joohyun Oh College of Business Administration Seoul National University A large body of organizational research has studied gender inequality in the context of established organizations. Recent studies, however, have examined gender inequality in new ventures by looking at the antecedents and outcomes of female entrepreneurship. Yet entrepreneurship is rarely a solo endeavor, and with whom female entrepreneurs found new ventures is critical to their success. Thus, this paper presents founding team composition as a source of gender disparity in entrepreneurship. I examine how an institutional change that lowers barriers to entrepreneurship increases team-level homogeneity and unintentionally contributes to the gender disparity in entrepreneurial quality. I utilize a deregulation on the minimum required founding team size in the Korean legal industry. The findings suggest that homogeneity in founding teams increases after the deregulation because of sequential homophily in co-founder recruitment – entrepreneurs’ preference to first recruit more similar others and then reach out to less similar others. Furthermore, due to the strong field-level correlation between gender and human capital attributes in the Korean legal industry, founding team quality is particularly undermined for women than men after the deregulation. To support these claims, I analyze 586 law firms founded by 2,572 lawyers in Korea between 2005 and 2014.
METABOLITES AND METABOLIC PROCESSES INVOLVED IN RA

Metabolites play numerous roles in the healthy and diseased body, ranging from regulating physiological processes to providing building blocks for the body. Therefore, understanding the role of metabolites is important in elucidating the etiology and pathology of diseases and finding targets for new treatment options. Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex chronic disease for which new disease management strategies are needed. The aim of this review is to bring together and integrate information about the various roles that metabolites have in rheumatoid arthritis. An extensive PubMed search is conducted to collect the relevant manuscripts. The metabolites are discussed in relation to rheumatoid arthritis. Subsequently, the metabolites are organized according to levels of system organization. In the last section an integrated pathway analysis of the metabolites conducted with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software is presented. Literature search resulted in information about vitamins, eicosanoids, fatty acids, lipids, hormones and peptides. The metabolites could be related to metabolic processes, oxidative stress processes and inflammatory processes. Cell death, lipid metabolism and small molecule biochemistry were found by the pathway analysis to be the top functions, characterized by the metabolites arachidonic acid, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, cholecalciferol, hydrocortisone, keratan sulfate, melatonin, palmitic acid and stearic acid. These nine metabolites are highly connected to a number of canonical pathways related to immune functions, the production of nitric oxygen and reactive oxygen species in Review Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 2(3): 469-483, 2012 470 macrophages and pathways involved in arthritis. This review indicates groups of metabolites that could be interesting for metabolomics studies related to rheumatoid arthritis. Circadian rhythms of metabolite levels are found to be important for understanding and treating rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, some key processes and pathways are found by integrating the metabolite data. This might offer new ideas for studies into the mechanism of and possible treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis.