Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Considerations and possible consequences of shift work.

Shift work can be defined as a work schedule where at least 50% of work is required to be done outside of the hours of 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. [1], which engages approximately 25% of the work force in many Western societies [2, 3]. Working outside the “normal” hours either by extended days or shift rotation has a historical background and has increased since the invention of electricity and the industrial revolution. It is an ubiquitous feature of present-day working, social, and family life. Shift work involves professionals in emergency health care, public safety (law enforcement, fire), transportation (aviation, rail, etc.), night service workers (restaurants, shopping, entertainment, etc.), military operations personnel, and many industrial plant employees. Apart from providing and maintaining the obvious demands of industrial growth, shift work also improves employment opportunities and income, facilitates flexibility for couples vis-à-vis childcare and domestic life, satisfies individual preferences due to variations in lifestyle, and is often associated with a relaxed hierarchy in the workplace and may ameliorate time pressures. Family advantages are sometimes perceived but individual preference is often a major motivating factor [4]. Many view shift work as driving society to overcome the challenges of the need for constant growth and prosperity. However, the diverse, complex, and profound implications of shift work have been only relatively recently acknowledged. The need for better strategies in shift-work design and management of this complex biopsychosocial phenomenon is increasingly appreciated. The shift worker’s inability to adapt to shift-work schedules can lead to loss or impairment of physical, psychological, and social well being with impact on physiologic rhythms, sleep patterns, health, social interactions, family life, job performance, and safety [5]. The possible factors that contribute to relative or absolute intolerance of shift work schedules are complex and interrelated and include host variables, among them innate circadian rhythms and social and environmental variables including type and duration of shift and work [6]. People of certain personality types or those having certain circadian patterns may be more suited to shift work than
Sexual Health Information Seeking Online

The current study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the positive and negative aspects of Internet use for sexual health information among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) young people. A diverse community sample of 32 LGBT young people (aged 16-24 years) completed qualitative interviews focusing on how, where, and when LGBT young people use the Internet for sexual health information. Results indicate that although many participants seek facts and statistics about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV online, few conduct searches about broader aspects of sexual health. Participants reported that fear about becoming infected with STIs/HIV is a common motivator of searches and noted a number of reasons for not using online sexual health information, including stigma associated with being observed accessing LGBT or HIV information. Together, the results revealed not only significant interest in online sexual health information but also concerns about the perceived limitations of this promising method of sexual health promotion.
Impact of Cashless Economy in Nigeria

This paper studied the impact of cashless policy in Nigeria. The policy was introduced by Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in December 2011 and was kick-started in Lagos in January 2012. Survey research was adopted with questionnaire as data collection instrument. Responses from the respondents show that cashless policy will increase employment; reduce cash related robbery thereby reducing risk of carrying cash; cashless policy will also reduce cash related corruption and attract more foreign investors to the country. The study, therefore, shows that the introduction of cashless economy in Nigeria can be seen as a step in the right direction. It is expected that its impact will be felt in modernization of Nigeria payment system, reduction in the cost of banking services, reduction in high security and safety risks and also curb banking related corruptions.
Implementation of Routing Security Aspects in AODV

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that can instantly establish a network, whenever they coexist in the same neighbourhood without the need of any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. The role of routing protocols in an ad hoc network is to allow the source to find routes to destination with the cooperation of other nodes. Due to the arbitrary movement of the nodes, the network topology changes rapidly and randomly. Hence the routing protocol must also be able to react to these changes and must enable the nodes to identify new routes to maintain connectivity. The problem of security in MANETs(2)(3) represents a serious challenge. This is primarily due to the high dynamic nature of the ad hoc network and due to the need to operate efficiently with limited resources, including network bandwidth and the CPU processing capacity, memory and battery power (energy) of each individual node in the network. Rapid and frequent routing protocol interaction between nodes is required. Expensive and cumbersome security mechanisms can delay or prevent such exchanges of routing information, leading to reduced routing effectiveness, and may consume excessive network or node resources leading to many new opportunities for possible Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks through the
Competition Policy, Patent Pools and Copyright Collectives

This paper analyzes and compares two types of cooperative agreements that combine Intellectual Property (IP): patent pools and copyright collectives. I evaluate antitrust policy in three environments in which owners of the intellectual property (IP): (1) are vertically integrated into the downstream (product) market; (2) face competition in the upstream (input) market and (3) own downstream products that do not require a license on the pooled IP but compete with products that do. Although patent pools and copyright collectives differ in purpose, membership size and market conditions, their efficiency implications are qualitatively similar in each of the three situations. Therefore, a uniform rather than IP-specific competition policy is appropriate for pools and collectives, thus lending economic support for the approach followed by antitrust authorities toward IP-related cooperative agreements.
Value‐driven relational marketing: From products to resources and competencies

Marketing from a relational perspective, or relationship marketing, requires that a firm offers more resources and activities than a core product (goods or services) in order to satisfy the long‐term value needs of its customers. In the present article a value‐driven approach to how such long‐term needs are fulfilled is discussed. The analysis goes beyond the product concept and develops a resources‐and‐competencies approach to the market offer. However, a relational approach to marketing can be expected to be successful only if the firm adopts a true relational intent and the customer is in a relational mode. Therefore, the concepts of relational and transactional intent and relational and transactional mode, respectively, are also introduced and discussed.
Carotid Angioplasty Stenting Revisited: Clinical and Radiological (MRI) Outcome

Background: Although carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is widely used to treat carotid stenosis, recent studies point to the inferiority of the procedure compared with carotid endarterectomy. Methods: We present 50 consecutive cases of CAS treated in our unit. Endarterectomy was contraindicated in these patients due to high operative risk. All the patients underwent a diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) before and after the procedure and had a neurological assessment in a stroke unit. Results: No deaths were recorded until 30 days after the procedure. Six patients [12%, confidence interval at 95% (CI95) = 3.7–20.2] had a positive DWI MRI after the procedure but only 2 (4%, CI95 = 0–9.43) had a worse neurological status. Conclusion: This study shows that CAS is feasible with a low morbid-mortality rate in patients with a high surgical risk. DWI is highly sensitive to detect neurological complications after the procedure.
ANALYSIS OF VILLAGE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN ARUMERU DISTRICT IN TANZANIA

Villages are formally established within the Local Government Legislation as fully-fledged authority that can plan, budget, collect some revenue, pass by laws, and so on. It is however apparent that many researchers have critically evaluated financial project management rather than related challenges facing villages for their development. This study aimed to analyze challenges facing village financial management in Arumeru District, Arusha region. Findings from the study show that financial management system exists for village associations’ management. The management had skills to hander financial matters in the village but never been applied for village financial management, frequently village financial reports have been produced and distributed to the members, but never show the reality of activity implemented. It was also observed that policies have been established but never been implemented as it could be done for the financial management in the village. The study concludes that village financial management system is the result of community initiatives according to its development plans settings; that Government and other organs have little implication in the village financial management system development for the villages of the Arumeru District. The study recommends that Government authorities, Non-Government Organizations and other organs involved for village development should take steps for training and initiating meaningful strategies to strengthen the village financial management systems in Arumeru District, and that Village financial management committees should be formed and informed on how to implement financial policies, and make into consideration all other aspects of finance.
Male And Female Influence On Hypermarket Brand Equity

Based on the customer-based brand equity theory (Keller, 1993) and its retail construct measures of brand loyalty, brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand association (Pappu, Quester, and Cooksey, 2006), gender differences are presented, tested and analyzed. The study finds that females have significantly higher brand association (p < 0.01) and total brand equity (p < 0.05). This article concludes with the implications and research opportunities for branding scholars and to consumer product manufacturers and retailers.
Impact of Health Education on The Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Teachers Regarding Reproductive Health of Adolescents of Amritsar, Punjab.

CONTEXT Teachers play an important role in guiding the adolescents. Adolescents are ill equipped to deal with the impending changes in their body which makes them vulnerable to STDs, HIV/AIDS and premarital sex. This study attempts to study the impact of reproductive health education on the knowledge, attitude and practices of teachers, about which only a few studies are available. AIMS To study the impact of health education on the knowledge, attitude and practices of teachers regarding reproductive health of adolescents. SETTINGS Senior Secondary schools of Amritsar and Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India. STUDY PARTICIPANTS Male teachers of senior secondary schools of Amritsar teaching class 9th-12th. STUDY DESIGN Educational intervention study. SAMPLING METHOD Purposive sampling. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was started with 155 teachers (teaching class 9th -12th) who willingly participated from 50 senior secondary schools of Amritsar district. It was carried out in three phases. In first phase, after taking informed consent, the teachers filled a pretested questionnaire which was followed by an interactive session on reproductive health in second phase. In third phase, to study the impact of the interactive session and the sustainability of knowledge gained, they were again administered the same questionnaire after a period of 3 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Chi-square test. RESULTS Maximum 74 (47.7%) teachers were aware of the psychosocial problems of adolescents. Majority 110 (71%) of the teachers had only partial knowledge about pubertal changes. 117 (75.5%) teachers were unaware about genital hygiene. Only 33 (21.3%) teachers had adequate knowledge about different STDs. 91 (58.7%) and 54 (34.8%) of teachers had adequate knowledge about routes of transmission and prevention of AIDS respectively. Only 37 (23.9%) teachers were imparting sex education to students. After intervention significant favorable changes were seen in their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding most of above mentioned topics. CONCLUSION Although the baseline knowledge of teachers in most aspects of reproductive health of adolescents was found to be low, significant favourable changes were observed after health education.
Impact of R&D Expenses on Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from the BIST Information Technology Index

The relationship between R&D expenses and firm performance has been discussed and carefully studied for many years. Vast amount of research have been carried to figure out whether this relationship exist or not. Some researchers suggest that there is no relationship between R&D expenses and firm performance, others put forward the existence of negative or positive relationship. It can be asserted that possible existence as an useful information can be consumed by managers to increase the market value of firms. In that respect, the main aim of this research is to reveal the relationship between R&D and firm performance by taking into account 10 companies that are listed on the BIST Information Index for 5 years periods (between 2009 and 2013). In order to accomplish this purpose, we employed pooled regression model and cross sectional time series analysis technique. In general, although negative and positive coefficients are found, almost, all of them is not statistically significant. In other words, according to outcomes, it can be claimed that there is no relationship between R&D and firm performance which is line with previous studies.
Introducing Computed Tomography Standards for Age Estimation of Modern Australian Subadults Using Postnatal Ossification Timings of Select Cranial and Cervical Sites ,

Contemporary, population‐specific ossification timings of the cranium are lacking in current literature due to challenges in obtaining large repositories of documented subadult material, forcing Australian practitioners to rely on North American, arguably antiquated reference standards for age estimation. This study assessed the temporal pattern of ossification of the cranium and provides recalibrated probabilistic information for age estimation of modern Australian children. Fusion status of the occipital and frontal bones, atlas, and axis was scored using a modified two‐ to four‐tier system from cranial/cervical DICOM datasets of 585 children aged birth to 10 years. Transition analysis was applied to elucidate maximum‐likelihood estimates between consecutive fusion stages, in conjunction with Bayesian statistics to calculate credible intervals for age estimation. Results demonstrate significant sex differences in skeletal maturation (p < 0.05) and earlier timings in comparison with major literary sources, underscoring the requisite of updated standards for age estimation of modern individuals.
Distribution of SIR and performance of DS-CDMA systems in lognormally shadowed Rician channels

New closed form expressions for the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of the ratio of L/sub S/ Rician signals to L/sub I/ Rician interferers, so-called signal-to-interference (SIR) power ratio, are derived. These SIR distributions are then used to evaluate the error probability and capture probability of direct sequence code division multiple access systems operating in Rician faded channels with lognormal shadowing. The influence of various system parameters such as the Rice K factor, shadowing spread, number of interferers, and spread spectrum processing gain on the system performance are analyzed and discussed.
Retail internationalisation through M&As: a study of the talent challenge in a British-acquired Taiwanese-retailer in mainland China

This study aims to add new knowledge to the emerging theme of retail internationalisation as a dynamic process rather than merely a market entry. Situated in the post World Trade Organization China where retail mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are permitted, this research explores via a case study, the talent challenges that emerged after an international acquisition in mainland China made by a leading British retailer of a previously Taiwanese-owned retail chain. By examining in depth the characteristics of a multinational expatriate-based management system as a product of M&A in this firm, the analysis identifies new strategic problems. This article shows that such talent challenges have been largely ignored as a strategic priority by this British retail firm in their post M&A transition. It opens up a promising perspective for researching other Western retail giants in their post M&As times in China, and thus for contributing further to the study of retail internationalisation as a process.
Active vs. Passive Management: New Evidence from Exchange Traded Funds

This paper expands the debate about "active vs. passive" management using data from active and passive ETFs listed in the U.S. market. The results reveal that the active ETFs underperform both the corresponding passive ETFs and the market indexes. With respect to risk-adjusted returns, both active and passive ETFs provide investors with no positive excess returns, an expectable finding for the passive ETFs but not for the active ETFs which are aimed at beating the market. Going further, the underperformance of active ETFs is depicted to the low performance rates such as the Sharpe or the Treynor ratios they receive relative to the passive ETFs and the indexes. Furthermore, regression analysis on the selectivity and market timing skills of ETF managers indicate that the managers of both the active and passive ETFs are lacking in such skills. However, the passive managers are not expected to have such skills. Finally, tracking error estimates indicate that the discrepancy between ETF and index returns is greater for active ETFs. However, this result is to be expected as the active ETFs do not target to replicate the performance of the indexes.
Does Bank Default Risk Increase with Information Asymmetry? Evidence from Europe

We analyze the impact of information asymmetry on bank default risk in Europe from 1993 to 2011 and show that banks that are more difficult to value by investors are characterized by a higher default risk. The risk-increasing effect of information asymmetry is present both before and during the global financial crisis but the drivers of this effect differ in the two periods. In the years preceding the crisis, information asymmetry leads to an increase in default risk via excessive risk-taking by banks; during the crisis it determines an increase in default risk through a larger exposure of banks to shocks. The excessive risk-taking by informationally opaque banks before the crisis is higher in large banks but the exposure to shocks during the crisis is larger in small informationally opaque banks. Our results highlight the macro-prudential benefits of rules on bank transparency and the importance of applying these rules also to smaller banks.
Postoperative Second Metatarsal Fractures Associated With Suture-Button Implant in Hallux Valgus Surgery

Background: The purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective review of a nonosteotomy technique for the reduction of the intermetatarsal (IM) angle in hallux valgus (HV) surgery using a modified nonabsorbable suture-button implant previously described for ankle syndesmotic injuries and to report on the outcomes and complications associated with this technique. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of consecutive patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Twenty-five patients, a total of 25 feet, were identified with a mean follow-up of 22.5 months. The mean age was 60 years. The pre- and postoperative HV and IM angles were compared. Each postoperative radiograph was assessed for loss of correction, implant failure, and second metatarsal (MT) stress fracture. The postoperative hallux American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were obtained at the patient’s final follow-up visit. Statistics were performed using the paired Student t test with the P value set at . 05 to determine statistical differences. Results: The preoperative mean IM and HV angles were 15.1 and 30.5 degrees, respectively. The postoperative mean IM and HV angles were 8.2 and 10.2 degrees, respectively. The reductions in the IM and HV angles were statistically significant (P < .05). The average postoperative AOFAS hallux score was 85. Two patients developed hallux varus (8%). Eight patients (32%) developed second metatarsal stress fractures. One patient (4%) with a second metatarsal stress fracture had a failure of the implant that required implant removal. The remaining stress fractures healed uneventfully. Conclusion: Suture-button fixation in hallux valgus achieved a satisfactory reduction in the first–second intermetatarsal angle compared with first metatarsal osteotomies but was associated with a high rate of second metatarsal stress fractures. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Corporate social responsibility: Impacts on strategic marketing and customer value

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has impacted on the policies and behaviours of companies throughout the world. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to the link between CSR and strategic marketing. The impact of CSR initiatives on customer and other stakeholder relationships is key to performance improvement. It is also important to recognise that CSR initiatives may achieve undesirable effects and that barriers exist to their effective implementation. We provide a framework examining the degree and type of corporate response to CSR imperatives and the moderating effects of employee/manager perceptions, other stakeholder perceptions, and the company's social credibility. We examine the impact of CSR on customer value, and importantly the need for a resonating value proposition that underlines how a supplier's CSR adds value for the customer. We conclude with a new management agenda for marketing strategy that examines CSR opportunities and risks.