Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Biosafety of Domestic and Restaurant Wastewater and the Antibiotic Sensitivity of Microorganisms associated with them Agwa

Biosafety and antibiotic sensitivity ofmicroorganisms obtainedfrom domestic and restaurant wastewater was assessed. Wastewater samples were collected from different residential home and restaurant facility within Port Harcourt Metropolis. The tyndallization test, total and faecal coliform counts and sensitivity to antibiotics were done using conventional methods. The total heterotrophic count for restaurant and domestic wastewater samples ranged from 1.06x10 6 cfu/ml to 1.19x10 6 cfu/ml and 1.0x10 4 cfu/ml to 1.2x10 4 cfu/ml for bacteria and fungi respectively. The coliform analysis revealed that fecal and total coliform had an MPN-index of 2.4x10 3 cfu/100ml. The microflora obtained from the restaurant wastewater are Corynebacteriumsp. , Hafniasp. , Klebsiellasp. , Staphylococcus sp. , Bacillus sp. , and Pseudomonas sp. , while the domestic samples contained Micrococcus sp. , Aerococcussp. , Acinetobactersp. , Providenciasp. and Tatumellasp. Dominant fungal isolates were Penicilliumsp. , Mucorsp. , Rhizopussp. and Aspergillussp. Highest percentage occurrence was observed for Corynebacteriumsp. (30.77%) while the lowest was observed from Morganellasp. and Aerococcus (1.92%). Biosafety evaluation saw a reduction from 120cfu/ml to 0cfu/ml on the third day. The isolates showed various level of resistance to Pefloxacin (50%), Ciprofloxacin (50%), Gentamycin (50%), Amplicox (50%), Septrin (50%), Streptomycin (40%), Penicillin (40%), Ceporex (30%), Ofloxacin (20%) and Nalidixic Acid (20%). The level of resistance to Pefloxacin by Acinetobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. isolated from domestic and restaurant wastewater was 20.5 and 20 respectively. Bacillus sp. from the domestic wastewater sample has 17.5% to gentamycin and Nalidixic acid. While 0.0% of Corynebacterium sp. and Klebsiella sp. isolated from restaurant wastewater samples were resistance to gentamycin. The multiple drug resistances displayed by these isolates against commonly available antibiotic indicates high health implication to the environment.
Phylogeny and species delimitations in the entomopathogenic genus Beauveria (Hypocreales, Ascomycota), including the description of B. peruviensis sp. nov.

Abstract The genus Beauveria is considered a cosmopolitan anamorphic and teleomorphic genus of soilborne necrotrophic arthropod-pathogenic fungi that includes ecologically and economically important species. Species identification in Beauveria is difficult because of its structural simplicity and the lack of distinctive phenotypic variation. Therefore, the use of multi-locus sequence data is essential to establish robust species boundaries in addition to DNA-based species delimitation methods using genetic distance, coalescent, and genealogical concordance approaches (polyphasic approaches). In this regard, our study used multilocus phylogeny and five DNA-based methods to delimit species in Beauveria using three molecular makers. These polyphasic analyses allowed for the delimitation of 20–28 species in Beauveria, confirming cryptic diversity in five species (i.e. B. amorpha, B. bassiana, B. diapheromeriphila, and B. pseudobassiana) and supporting the description of B. peruviensis as a new taxon from northeastern Peru. The other five species were not evaluated as they did not have enough data (i.e. B. araneola, B. gryllotalpidicola, B. loeiensis, B. medogensis, and B. rudraprayagi). Our results demonstrate that the congruence among different methods in a polyphasic approach (e.g. genetic distance and coalescence methods) is more likely to show reliably supported species boundaries. Among the methods applied in this study, genetic distance, coalescent approaches, and multilocus phylogeny are crucial when establishing species boundaries in Beauveria.
Effects of gender, parental role and speech material on infant-directed speech in Swedish

While phonetic features of infant-directed speech (IDS) have been described cross-linguistically, especially in mothers, the reasons and conditions under which they are found are less clear. In this study, phonetic cues of IDS are investigated in 21 Swedish mothers and fathers including mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, formant values and vowel space size. The speech material contains read and semi-spontaneous speech. Also, the involvement in child care is considered as a potential interacting factor. Results show that differences between mothers and fathers in IDS are small and that differences in the involvement in child care are not reflected in the extent of the IDS features used. F0 differences are found in IDS in both semi-spontaneous speech and (although to a smaller extent) in read speech. In contrast, vowel space enhancement is only found in semi-spontaneous speech and differences between the genders appear regarding individual formants of certain vowels.
Differences between the Quantitative Features of Articles from Biomedical Engineering and the Medical Sciences Aimed at Effective Retrieval of Literature

The field of biomedical engineering (BM) is concerned with solving medical problems in diverse ways, for example, by using information technology (information technology-based BM is the focus of this study.) BM research is linked to both information technology and medical (ME) research, and both BM and ME research papers contain common terms such as disease names. However, novice BM researchers have difficulty in searching for and retrieving BM articles because of this. This study attempted to overcome this difficulty by adopting a text mining-based method for classifying BM and ME articles to investigate the quantitative features of these articles. The classification of BM and ME articles was examined by collecting five types of articles containing the common terms obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), T-wave alternans (TWA), late potential (LP), epilepsy (EPY), or event-related potential (ERP). Gathered BM and ME articles were quantitatively converted into document-term matrices (D-T matrices), following which the term-term matrices and the two feature values, the norm of the term-term matrix and the first principal component of the D-T matrix, were determined for the classification. The classification was conducted through the use of the fact that two of the feature values of the BM articles were smaller than those of ME. As a consequence, BM and ME articles could be distinguished with 96% averaged sensitivity and with 82% averaged specificity, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effects of different water availability on fatty acid composition of the oil in standard and high oleic sunflower hybrids

During 1998 a trial was carried out, in lysimeters, in order to study the effects of different water regimes on fatty acid composition on high oleic and standard sunflower and the fatty acid accumulation kinetic. The water regimes adopted were: water layer 0.6 m, refunding of 100% of the evotranspiration (ET) and water stress, obtained by withholding the irrigation from flowering to maturity. Two hybrids were cultivated: UD12, characterised by high oleic content and UD87 as standard, both obtained by the Crop Production Department of Udine University. A randomised block design with two replications, was utilised and the main yield characteristics were evaluated at maturity. Achene samples were collected, every 6 days, from last anthesis until maturity in order to study the achene dry weight, oil and fatty acids accumulation. A significant increase of about 5% of oleic acid with respect to the other water regimes, was determined by water stress treatment in the high oleic hybrids. Probably, the water stress determined a reduction of the dry matter and oil accumulation phases, with all the enzyme activities involved, included the ∆-12 desaturase, responsible of the desaturation from oleic to linoleic acid.
The emergence of perceptual-motor units in a production model that assumes holistic speech plans

Intelligible speakers achieve specific vocal tract constrictions in rapid sequence. These constrictions are associated in theory with speech motor goals. Adult-focused models of speech production assume that discrete phonological representations, sequenced into word-length plans for output, define these goals. This assumption introduces a serial order problem for speech. It is also at odds with children’s speech. In particular, child phonology and timing control suggest holistic speech plans, and so the hypothesis of whole word production. This hypothesis solves the serial order problem by avoiding it. When the same solution is applied to adult speech the problem becomes how to explain the development of highly intelligible speech. This is the problem addressed here. A modeling approach is used to demonstrate how perceptual-motor units of production emerge over developmental time with the perceptual-motor integration of holistic speech plans that are also phonological representations; the specific argument is that perceptual-motor units are a product of trajectories (nearly) crossing in motor space. The model, which focuses on the integration process, defines the perceptual-motor map as a set of linked pairs of experienced perceptual and motor trajectories. The trajectories are time-based excursions through speaker-defined perceptual and motor spaces. By hypothesis, junctures appear where motor trajectories near or overlap one another in motor space when the shared (or extremely similar) articulatory configurations in these regions are exploited to combine perceptually-linked motor paths along different trajectories. Junctures form in clusters in motor space. These clusters, along with their corresponding (linked) perceptual points, represent perceptual-motor units of production, albeit at the level of speech motor control only. The units serve as pivots in motor space during speaking; they are points of transition from one motor trajectory to another along perceptually-linked paths that are selected to produce best approximations of whole word targets.
Chemical Analysis and Sensory Evaluation of Free Amino Acids and 5 '-Inosinic Acid in Meat of Hinai-dori , Japanese Native Chicken .-Comparison with Broilers and Layer Pullets

Hinai-dori, (Hinai-dori×Rhode Island Red), one of the Japanese native chickens, had been appreciated to be palatable and delicious for traditional local dishes. In order to confirm whether Hinai-dori meat is actually tasteful as widely accepted and to identify the taste components of Hinai-dori, sensory evaluation and chemical analysis of Hinai-dori meat were conducted. First, the palatability of Hinai-dori meat was compared with that of broilers by sensory evaluation. Hinai-dori meat was judged to be more palatable. Therefore, out of possible taste components, free amino acids and 5'-inosinic acid (IMP) in meat extracts from 3 strains, Hinai-dori, broilers and layer pullets, were chosen for analyses. No significant differences were detected in glutamic acid and other amino acids among 3 strains. However, the IMP content in Hinai-dori meat, 3. 25μmol/g, was 50% and 60% higher than that in broiler and layer pullet meat, respectvely. Finally, simplified chemical solutions of IMP and/or glutamic acid were employed for sensory evaluation. The solutions simulated to Hinai-dori extracts had more palatability than those of broiler extracts. These results indicate that preference of Hinai-dori to broilers could be accounted for in part by the difference of composition of IMP together with glutamic acid. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Jpn.) 65 (7): 610-618,1994
An investigation into the effects of boat proximity on the behaviour of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Cardigan Bay. Independent Studies for Biological and Forensic Sciences 6BY995 BSc Honours in Zoology C300 April 2015

2 Index of Tables and Figures.3 Acknowledgements.6 1.0 Introduction.8 1.1 Short Term Negative Reactions to Vessels.9 1.2 Long Term Negative Reactions to Vessels.10 1.3 Neutral and Positive Reactions to Vessels.10 1.4 Vessel Interaction in Cardigan Bay.11 1.5 Aims and Objectives.12 2.0 Methodology.12 2.1 Study Species and Study Sites.12 2.2 Surveys and Data Collection for 2015.14 2.3 Surveys and Data Collection for 2005 and 2015.16 2.4 Data Analysis.17 3.0 Results. 18 3.1 Observations and Sightings. 18 3.2 Hypothesis One.19 3.3 Dolphin Reactions to Specific Vessels.23 3.4 Hypothesis One with Visitor Passenger Boat Type Removed.23 3.5 Hypothesis Two.25 3.6 Hypothesis Three.30 4.0 Discussion.31 4.1 Dolphin Abundance.31 4.2 Dolphin Reactions to Vessel Encounters.32 4.3 Dolphin Reactions to Specific Vessel Types.32 4.4 Dolphin Behaviour Dependent on and Independent of Vessel Interactions.33 4.5 Potential Consequences of Continued Vessel Interaction.34 4.6 Future Research.34 5.0 Conclusion.35 6.0 References.36 7.0 Appendix One Marine Code of Conduct.40
AUDIOVISUAL PERCEPTION OF WH-QUESTIONS AND WH- EXCLAMATIONS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE

This paper examines auditory and visual cues used for the discrimination of wh-question and whexclamative speech acts in Brazilian Portuguese. The sentence Como você sabe was uttered as a whquestion (meaning How do you know? ) and as a whexclamation (meaning How clever you are! ) by ten Brazilian Portuguese speakers (five males and five females) from Rio de Janeiro. The acoustic and visual analyses revealed that these two speech acts not only showed different F0 contours and intensity patterns, but also discriminant facial expressions. A perceptual experiment that investigates the role of visual versus audio channels with three presentation conditions (audio only, video only and audiovisual) was applied with sixty Brazilian participants (twenty per condition). The results indicate that listeners rely on both channels to perceive the wh-questions and whexclamations and that the audiovisual condition was more accurately recognized than the monomodal ones.
Contextualization in Chinese Management

The need to 'contextualize' organizational studies is neither novel nor surprising. We have long paid attention to the context in studying phenomena within or about organizations (Blair and Hunt, 1986; Cappelli and Sherer, 1991; Mowday and Sutton, 1993; Porter, 1996; Rousseau and Fried, 2001). The reason is simple. Organizations or units within them are open systems, and that the context is a major source of influence must not be ignored or dismissed as scholars attempt to understand and explain the actions or behaviour of any unit. This seems obvious. Both scholars and managers know the importance of carefully managing the organization—environment linkage. However, the idea of contextualization goes beyond how a unit reacts to or interacts with its context. The manager of a US plant in China sees 'China' as the context, which she or he has to understand, navigate, and negotiate with. China is 'out there' while his or her firm is 'in here'. The manager, in other words, needs to either separate the company from outside influence or exploit and co-opt them for her company's benefits. This is not what I mean by contextualization. Contextualization means more than talking about environmental opportunities and constraints that managers either exploit or are victimized by. Rather than seeing the firm as one entity and the context or environment as 'out there', we see the context and contextualization as much more. So, what is the 'much more'? I cannot provide an exhaustive discussion of the meaning of the term 'context' but will offer a few illustrative examples. For example, at the individual level it is cognitions (sense-making, heuristics, thought processes, linguistic habits, attributions, etc.). At the institutional level it is the way role relations are organized. Friedland and Alford (1991) argue that there are different logics (material practices and symbolic constructions) that are particular to different domains or institutional sectors (the state, economy, family, education, science, etc.). At die larger societal level we have values and beliefs that are created, interpreted, and reproduced through the governments, mass media, religions, and educational systems. Lasdy, there is serendipity, for example, accidents, scandals,
Combining Speaker Recognition and Metric Learning for Speaker-Dependent Representation Learning

In this paper, we tackle automatic speaker verification under a text-independent setting. Speaker modelling is performed by a deep convolutional neural network on top of time-frequency speech representations. Convolutions performed over the time dimension provide the means for the model to take both shortterm dependencies into account, given the nature of the learned filters which operate over short-windows, as well as long-term dependencies, since depth in a convolutional stack implies dependency of outputs across large portions of input samples. Additionally, various pooling strategies across the time dimension are compared so as to effectively map varying length recordings into fixed dimensional representations while simultaneously providing the neural network with an extra mechanism to model long-term dependencies. We finally propose a training scheme under which well-known metric learning approaches, namely triplet loss minimization, is performed along with speaker recognition in a multi-class classification setting. Evaluation on well-known datasets and comparisons with stateof-the-art benchmarks show that the proposed setting is effective in yielding speaker-dependent representations, thus is wellsuited for voice biometrics downstream tasks.
University of Groningen Interactions of dissolved CO 2 with cadmium isotopes in the Southern Ocean

Here we report the first ever observations of a strong correlation in ocean surface waters of the dissolved δCd with dissolved CO2. This is observed in the Southern Ocean along the 0°W meridian in both the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Weddell Gyre, as well as in the Weddell Sea proper, near the Antarctic Peninsula and in Drake Passage. This uniform trend in several surface water masses hints at a uniform biochemical mechanism within the Southern Ocean. One hypothesis for the underlying mechanism would be a role of Cd in the carbonic anhydrase function for conversion of bicarbonate ion [HCO3] into CO2, the latter being required by RuBisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) that only accepts CO2. At low ambient [CO2] the algae maintain growth by also operating a Carbon Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) for utilization of [HCO3] and its conversion to CO2. For this the algae need more enzyme carbonic anhydrase that normally has Zn as its co-factor, but Cd may substitute for Zn and there also are Cd-specific carbonic anhydrases known for some phytoplankton species. Indeed in incubations of the local plankton communities it is shown that the phytoplankton have a very strong preferential uptake of CO2, such that the uptake ratio {[CO2]/[HCO3]} is much higher than the dissolved ratio {[CO2]/[HCO3]} in ambient seawater. Therefore the here reported observations in the Southern Ocean are also expressed for δCd as function of the ratio {[CO2]/[HCO3]} in ambient seawater. Future research of local phytoplankton in unperturbed natural waters of the Southern Ocean is recommended to be able to verify the hypothesis of a function of Cd in carbonic anhydrase in Antarctic phytoplankton.
Chapter 1 BESSEL PROCESSES AND ASIAN OPTIONS

The goal of this chapter is to give a concise account of the connection between Bessel processes and the integral of geometric Brownian motion. The latter appears in the pricing of Asian options. Bessel processes are defined and some of their properties are given. The known expressions for the probability density function of the integral of geometric Brownian motion are stated, and other related results are given, in particular the Geman & Yor (1993) Laplace transform for Asian option prices.
ON RISK ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX ROAD-TUNNEL SYSTEMS

Quantified Risk Analysis (QRA) has become a cornerstone in the design and in particular in case of retrofit of road tunnels. Classical methods use event trees fault trees and similar for QRA. However due to the manifold of parameters and their mutual influencing, adequate event trees can only be developed for relatively simple cases. In the EU-directive 2004/54/EC (European Parliament, 2004),[1] 16 safety relevant parameters are defined. Assuming that each of these has 4 states, the resulting number of dependencies is more than one billion, which cannot be catered for employing event trees. Consequently, the here presented novel method is based on Bayesian Probabilistic Networks, which also permits to cater of the interdependency of the parameters. The method was developed as a Best Praxis for Risk Analysis of road tunnels on behalf of the Norwegian and Swiss road authorities Schubert, Høj et al. (2011), [6]. Two separate Bayesian Probabilistic Networks are incorporated in the model: one for conventional traffic accidents with possible subsequent fires and another for transports of dangerous goods. The tunnel of concern is divided into sections each with constant risk parameters e.g. invariant with respect to slope, traffic, lanes and all other relevant parameters. Portal zones as well as intersections are therefore always treated particularly. The methodology has been implemented in a computer code TRANSIT. As an example, a complex tunnel with several ramps connected by bifurcations has been considered and evaluated. Considering that this is an existing tunnel, the most cost efficient measure was to implement traffic speed control using cameras. Consequently, the speed limits were hardly exceeded and the fatality rate about halved.
PARASITES OF THE CICHLID FISHES IN WATER RESERVOIR OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA

A survey of parasites of Tilapia species (Family; Cichlidae) was carried out at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Reservoir. A total of 150 specimens belonging to four genera and species were examined for parasites. Of the total number examined 16.0% were infected with various types of parasites. Parasites encountered during the study included flagellate protozoan, Ichtyobodonecatrix (96.0%), species of annelid, Piscicola sp. (1.6%), species of nematode, Cucullanus sp. (1.6%), and species of cestode, Caryophyllaeidessp (0.8%). This result showed low prevalence of infection as well as low parasites diversity. The prevalence of infection was highest in Oreochromis niloticus (29.0%) and followed in descending order by Hemichromis fasciatus (16.7%), Sarotherodon galilaeus (14.3%)and Tilapia zillii (10.5%). The skin (60.7%), gills (36.9%), stomach (1.6%) and intestine (0.8%) were the locations infected and the skin supported the highest burden. The result also revealed that there were no significant differences between the size/age (X2=0.44; p>0.05)and sex (X2=1.38; p>0.05) and the degree of parasitic infection in this group of fishes. The economic and public health implications of these results in relation to fish-man interactions were discussed.