Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Callus Induction from Adult Tissues of Japanese Flowering Cherry Trees and Two Cherry Rootstocks

Several in vitro biotechnological techniques have been developed, all of which require a reliable protocol to produce a responsive callus mass. One of these techniques is callus fusion in vitro, which is reliable for the early detection of (in)-compatibility of scions and rootstocks. In this paper, the possibility to obtain friable callus tissues was explored by callus induction of adult tissues of Japanese flowering cherry trees from the group Sato zakura (Prunus serrulata ‘Amanogawa’, ‘Kanzan’ and ‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’) and two domestic cherry rootstocks – Prunus avium and Prunus ‘Colt’. The explants used in the research were: leaf petiole, leaf base with a part of a petiole, part of lamina with a midvein and a stem with an axillary bud. Among three plant growth media (MS, SH and WP) that were used in this study, the MS proved to be the most favourable for the majority of taxa during the callus induction process. For the sweet cherry tree and the cultivars ‘Kanzan’ and ‘Colt’, the SH plant growth medium was also acceptable. The best results in callogenesis were obtained for the majority of taxons with auxin at the concentration 2 mgL-1 NAA and cytokinin BAP 0.5 mgL-1. It is also possible to use 2.4-D at the same concentration as a substitute for the genotypes Prunus avium, Prunus ‘Colt’ and Prunus serrulata ‘Kanzan’, whereas IBA proved to be an inappropriate auxin for callus induction. The protocol described herein is proved to be efficient callus induction in a range of taxa of genus Prunus.
Vertical jump fatigue does not affect intersegmental coordination and segmental contribution

The aim of this study was to describe the intersegmental coordination and segmental contribution during intermittent vertical jumps performed until fatigue. Seven male visited the laboratory on two occasions: 1) the maximum vertical jump height was determined followed by vertical jumps habituation; 2) participants performed intermittent countermovement jumps until fatigue. Kinematic and kinetic variables were recorded. The overall reduction in vertical jump height was 5,5%, while the movement duration increased 10% during the test. The thigh segment angle at movement reversal significantly increased as the exercise progressed. Non-significant effect of fatigue on movement synergy was found for the intersegmental coordination pattern. More than 90% of the intersegmental coordination was explained by one coordination pattern. Thigh rotation contributed the most to the intersegmental coordination pattern, with the trunk second and the shank the least. Therefore, one intersegmental coordination pattern is followed throughout the vertical jumps until fatigue and thigh rotation contributes the most to jump height.
Markov Decision Process to Achieve Near-Optimal Admission Control Mechanism for 5G Cloud Radio Networks

Fifth-generation radio access networks have been proposed as a cloud architecture to provide a common connected resource pool management. In this regard, efficiently and effectively managing radio resources and allocating perspectives on the rapidly changing traffic load is a challenge. Admission control mechanism is a key factor influencing the system performance with limited resource pools and call-blocking probability constraints. In this paper, a precise mathematical programming model of centralized management is formulated for the resource scheduling problem. Operators can manage resources according to the algorithms designed by Markov decision process (MDP) and Lagrangian relaxation (LR) method for various traffic types. They can create different business levels for resource priorities. The system revenue enhanced under call-blocking constraints and quality of service constraints. The management mechanism is flexible and scalable for pursuing the required objectives.
Social cognition and traumatic brain injury: neuropsychological assessment & treatment

Worldwide, an estimated 69 million individuals suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year. In people under 40 it is even the leading cause of disability, and it is expected to become the third largest cause of global disease burden by 2020. TBI refers to a blunt, penetrating and acceleration or deceleration force-derived injury that most commonly results from motor vehicle accidents assaults or falls. Behavioral problems are common in patients with moderate to severe TBI, such as, being mindful of personal distance, keeping up with or ending conversations, conforming to social rules and anger management. Social cognition processes are the underlying building blocks for adequate behavior, referring to emotion perception, interpretative processes and regulation responses. In this thesis, the assessment and treatment of social cognition was studied. The study results indicated an obvious link between poor recognition of fearful faces, impaired decision making and a preference for risky behavior. Furthermore, deficits in social cognition and behavioral problems were important indicators for poor vocational and social participation. This is an important finding given that early detection of these problems allow early treatment, preventing an unfavorable outcome. It is recommended to offer patients our newly developed treatment for impairments in social cognition, given that patients were capable to improve their emotion recognition, perspective taking, empathy, societal participation, quality of life and quality of relationships. To conclude, the assessment and treatment of social cognition in patients with TBI is complex, but it turns out to be worthwhile when everyday functioning of patients with TBI actually improves.
Light Commands: Laser-Based Audio Injection Attacks on Voice-Controllable Systems

We propose a new class of signal injection attacks on microphones by physically converting light to sound. We show how an attacker can inject arbitrary audio signals to a target microphone by aiming an amplitude-modulated light at the microphone's aperture. We then proceed to show how this effect leads to a remote voice-command injection attack on voice-controllable systems. Examining various products that use Amazon's Alexa, Apple's Siri, Facebook's Portal, and Google Assistant, we show how to use light to obtain control over these devices at distances up to 110 meters and from two separate buildings. Next, we show that user authentication on these devices is often lacking, allowing the attacker to use light-injected voice commands to unlock the target's smartlock-protected front doors, open garage doors, shop on e-commerce websites at the target's expense, or even unlock and start various vehicles connected to the target's Google account (e.g., Tesla and Ford). Finally, we conclude with possible software and hardware defenses against our attacks.
Education, Human Capital and Economic Growth: Empirical Research on 55 Countries and Regions (1960-2009)

This article constructed a panel data model to investigate the effect of education human capital on economic growth, using the latest education data of 55 countries and regions from 1960 to 2009. Meantime, by subdividing education human capital into higher education, secondary education and primary education, it also examines the effect of different education level on economic growth. Furthermore, while introducing health human capital into the model, we explored the influence of different economic development level and some important historical events. The result shows that in general, education human capital has a significant positive impact on economic growth. The positive impact of higher education on economic growth is especially significant, however, the primary education and secondary education does not have a significant impact on economic growth; as for human capital, life expectancy and per capita GDP growth also showed a significant positive correlation.
Variable response of anuran calling activity to daily precipitation and temperature: implications for climate change

Long-term monitoring of frog populations is needed to understand the effects of global change. To better understand the relationships between climate variation and calling activity, we monitored an anuran assemblage in a Puerto Rican wetland by sampling the acoustic environment for one minute every 10 minutes, for 41 months. By automating data collection using passive acoustic monitoring hardware, we collected more than 110,000 recordings. These recordings were analyzed using species-specific identification algorithms of four Eleutherodactylus species. The peak calling activity of E. coqui (>0.3 detection frequency) and E. cochranae (>0.2) occurred between April and September, and there was a clear decline in activity during the dry months of January–March. There was no clear annual pattern in E. brittoni or E. juanariveroi, but E. juanariveroi did show a significant decline in calling activity over the 41-month study (∼0.5 to ∼0.35). Calling activity of E. coqui and E. cochranae was positively correlated.
Cardiovascular Disease ? Circulating MicroRNAs : Novel Biomarkers and Extracellular Communicators in

In the past few years, the crucial role of different micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in the cardiovascular system has been widely recognized. Recently, it was discovered that extracellular miRNAs circulate in the bloodstream and that such circulating miRNAs are remarkably stable. This has raised the possibility that miRNAs may be probed in the circulation and can serve as novel diagnostic markers. Although the precise cellular release mechanisms of miRNAs remain largely unknown, the first studies revealed that these circulating miRNAs may be delivered to recipient cells, where they can regulate translation of target genes. In this review, we will discuss the nature of the stability of miRNAs that circulate in the bloodstream and discuss the available evidence regarding the possible function of these circulating miRNAs in distant cell-to-cell communication. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss the usefulness of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for a wide range of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Circ Res. 2012;110:483-495.)
Functional significance of a partial-emersion response in the intertidal prawn Palaemon elegans (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) during environmental hypoxia

During exposure to severe hypoxia (<20 Torr [2.7 x 103 Pal) under both laboratory and field conhtions, prawns Palaemon elegans Rathke frequently exhibited a parbal-emersion response dunng which they moved into shallow water and became quiescent, usually lying on their sides at the water's edge. The Poz at which this behavioural response occurred appeared to be dependent on temperature; at higher temperatures the prawns exhibited this response at higher oxygen tensions. When exposed to anoxic conditions in the laboratory, P. elegans sometimes left the water and emerged onto boulders. Investigations of the physiological advantages of the partial-emersion response demonstrated that the total oxygen content of the blood was significantly higher and the concentration of Llactate lower than that of either fully immersed or totally emersed prawns It appears, therefore, that P. elegans is able to exploit the higher oxygen tensions at the air/water interface and can meet most of its metabolic demands via aerobic metabolism. Although prawns which emerge completely from the water when exposed to anoxia may be able to utilize air as a source of oxygen, they are faced with problems of acid-base disturbance In the blood due to the difficulties of CO2 excretion. In these prawns, the total CO2 content of the blood was significantly higher and the pH lower than that of partially-emersed prawns. By remaining in contact with the water, partially-emersed prawns gain an important respiratory advantage and are able to reduce the problems both of acid-base disturbance and of desiccation during total emersion.
Ac ce pt ed M an us cr ip t Title : Sexual dimorphism of human sternum in a contemporary Spanish population Author names and affiliations :

Sex estimation is one of the first steps in Forensic Anthropology to identify human remains. In absence of the skull or the pelvis, any skeletal remain becomes fundamental for identification, especially in mass-disaster cases. The sternum is a potentially useful element in anthropological analysis with a high recovery rate in both forensic-and archaeological context. This study aims to develop classification functions for use in Spanish population. For this, sternum sexual dimorphism is studied in a sample of 105 individuals, known age-at-death, ancestry and sex, from San José Municipal Cemetery of Granada (Spain). Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was used to estimate intra-and inter-observer error. In discriminant analysis for estimating sex, cross-validation shows accuracy rates exceeds 90% for sternum body length and maximum width (91.8%), or total length with maximum width (90.7%). Isolated variables with higher accuracy rates are total sternum length (89.1%), and sternum body length (87%). Although there is compliance with Hyrtl ́s Law, it is not useful for estimating sex in Spanish population. These discriminant functions have also been validated successfully in two samples from Portugal (Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection – CISC, and 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection – Santarém XXI): the variables with higher accuracy rates sternum total length with its maximum width (92.3% the correctly classified individual in the sample CISC; and 83.5% in the sample of Santarém XXI) and the sternum total length (92.1% and 78.5%, respectively). The discriminant functions achieved with the collection of the San Jose cemetery of Granada can be applied to current remains, provided that study
An Experimental Investigation on Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Foamcrete for Thermal Insulation

Presently, the construction industry has shown considerable consciousness in utilizing lightweight foamcrete as a building material. The demand of lightweight foamcrete is becoming higher now where this material has increased many folds in recent years due to its intrinsic economies and advantages over conventional concrete in a range of structural and semi-structural applications. The major specialties of lightweight foamcrete are its excellent thermal conductivity, low self-weight, high impact resistance and good freeze thaw resistance. The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the thermal conductivity property of lightweight foamcrete with various densities. The main parameters that will be considered are density of lightweight foamcrete, the void size and porosity. The lightweight foamcrete samples are made with constant water-cement ratio of 0.5 and cement-sand ratio of 2:1. According to experimental results, lower densities lightweight foamcrete transforms to lower thermal conductivity values. Meanwhile, the density of lightweight foamcrete is controlled by the porosity where lower densities indicate larger porosity values. For this reason, thermal conductivity of lightweight foamcrete changes significantly with the porosity because air is the poorest conductor in comparison to solid and liquid owing its molecular constitution. The measured values of thermal conductivity should provide a useful database for evaluating the thermal performance of lightweight foamcrete structures.
Neural Contract Element Extraction Revisited

We investigate contract element extraction. We show that LSTM-based encoders perform better than dilated CNNs, Transformers, and BERT in this task. We also find that domain-specific WORD2VEC embeddings outperform generic pre-trained GLOVE embeddings. Morpho-syntactic features in the form of POS tag and token shape embeddings, as well as context-aware ELMO embeddings, do not improve performance. Several of these observations contradict choices or findings of previous work on contract element extraction and generic sequence labeling tasks, indicating that contract element extraction requires careful task-specific choices.
Adjustment and the Performance of the Agricultural Sector: A Comparative Study of Cameroon and Kenya

The interaction between macroeconomic and trade issues and agriculture is not well understood. In sub-Saharan Africa, this relation becomes critical in recent structural adjustment programmes, especially in countries where agriculture is the mainstay of the economy. This paper examines empirically examples of a non-liberalized economy and a gradually liberalizing economy in the region. It demonstrates that a sufficiently monolithic and inefficient agricultural marketing structure results in the slow transmission of foreign exchange gains to farm gate prices that constrain potential supply response. Monetary policy impacts seem to be a function of greater macroeconomic liberalization than non-liberalization, especially when, in the latter case, domestic currencies are pegged directly to foreign currencies.
Men, masculinity, and community development in Kenyan slums

There is limited research on masculinity in relation to community development. Using ethnographic and interview data from two slums in Kenya and building on one of the more well-known definitions of community development, we explore men? s narratives of themselves in relation to community development. We highlight how men’s cognizance of the structural and contextual constraints to the development of their communities intersected with both a feeling that they have helped to hamper community development and an adamant sense of their own criticality and centrality in ensuring it. While repudiating the idea that they have to change in order for their community to progress, men also generally hinged community development on their tenacious pursuit of traditional masculinity scripts. The rejection of mainstream masculinity norms as the basis for community progress will not resonate consistently among men. Social and community development work with men that fails to acknowledge them as gendered people may not succeed.
Mass-accreting white dwarfs and type Ia supernovae

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a prominent role in understanding the evolution of the Universe. They are thought to be thermonuclear explosions of mass-accreting carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs) in binaries, although the mass donors of the accreting WDs are still not well determined. In this article, I review recent studies on mass-accreting WDs, including H- and He-accreting WDs. I also review currently most studied progenitor models of SNe Ia, i.e., the single-degenerate model (including the WD+MS channel, the WD+RG channel and the WD+He star channel), the double-degenerate model (including the violent merger scenario) and the sub-Chandrasekhar mass model. Recent progress on these progenitor models is discussed, including the initial parameter space for producing SNe Ia, the binary evolutionary paths to SNe Ia, the progenitor candidates for SNe Ia, the possible surviving companion stars of SNe Ia, some observational constraints, etc. Some other potential progenitor models of SNe Ia are also summarized, including the hybrid CONe WD model, the core-degenerate model, the double WD collision model, the spin-up/spin-down model and the model of WDs near black holes. To date, it seems that two or more progenitor models are needed to explain the observed diversity among SNe Ia.
How Binding is Low Social Capital for Economic Growth? - Further Lessons from the Italian Regional Divide

Does a persistently low endowment of social capital inevitably imply slow growth and lagging behind? We address this question by considering regional growth in the presence of highly heterogeneous social capital stocks. We maintain that the influence of social capital on growth depends crucially on the institutional set up. In particular, we claim that when the within-country distribution of social capital is highly heterogeneous and policy making is centralized, the local endowments of social capital - which display their effect mainly on the functioning of local institutions - plays a weaker role than when policy is decentralized. Our claim is based on a detailed analysis of the Italian regional divide. Italy, the case study par excellence on social capital, is an ideal case because social capital and per capita income are highly and persistently heterogeneous across regions, and because a deep process of decentralization was adopted in the 1970s, after decades of centralized policy making. Our hypothesis is formally defined by means of an endogenous growth model in which social capital affects the accumulation of public capital, and its influence depends crucially on how (de)centralized is policy making. The model is then calibrated on the long run Italian data considering two macro regions: Center-North and South. We show that low social capital exerted an increased negative influence on growth for the South as a consequence of decentralization, causing a sudden halt of a twenty-year strong process of regional convergence.
Voluntarism as an organizing principle for 'responsible organizations'

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to promote the concept of organizational voluntarism, borrowed from political philosophy and to stimulate feedback and debate as to its efficacy in furthering the discourse on corporate responsibility.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines a range of current theories that address the issue of balancing organizational plurality and coherence. It identifies both shortfalls in current research and provides criteria for developing new theory in this area. The concept of organizational voluntarism is developed and these criteria used to test the robustness of the model and to explore future areas of research.Findings – The criteria used to assess the voluntarism model are: the centrality of organizational plurality, the embeddedness of social relations and power in organization working, accounting for the motivations of managers to work this way; and the need for clear organizational benefits. Four potential cognitions are proposed that define a voluntaristic mindse.