Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS TROPICAL MUNICIPAL LANDFILL LEACHATE CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Raw municipal landfill leachate is extremely polluted wastewater and it regards as one of the drawbacks of the sanitary landfill treatment method. If the untreated landfill leachate is discharged to the natural environment, a great problem for the environment can be created, particularly for the water resources. To assess fresh leachate; collection, analyzing for various parameters, and comparing with the standards are essential. Thus, this study was purposed to examine the characteristics of different landfill leachate samples collected from three tropical landfill sites. The results of the formed leachate at the anaerobic Kulim Sanitary Landfill, semi-aerobic Pulau Burung Landfill Site, and anaerobic Kuala Sepetang landfill leachate in the northern region of Malaysia have been analyzed for 27 parameters and compared. The studied parameters in the present study were phenols, zeta potential, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), heavy metals, nitrogen compounds, salinity, electrical conductivity etc. For checking the risks of the leachate on the environment, the obtained results were compared with the Malaysia Standards. In addition, the leachate treatment opportunities upon the characterization are highlighted in this study. The effectiveness of various applications in treating leachate collected from municipal landfill was presented and discussed. It could be concluded that the knowledge of leachate quality is particularly significant in choosing an appropriate treatment techniques
Bacteria Associated With Shiraia Fruiting Bodies Influence Fungal Production of Hypocrellin A

Hypocrellin A (HA) is a natural red perylenequinone pigment from Shiraia fruiting body, which was used clinically on various skin diseases and developed as a photodynamic therapy agent against cancers. The fruiting bodies may harbor a diverse but poorly understood microbial community. In this study, we characterized the bacterial community of Shiraia fruiting body using a combination of culture-based method and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, and tested the involvement of some companion bacteria in fungal HA production using the fungal–bacterial confrontation assay. Our results revealed that the bacterial community in the fruiting body was dominated by Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Some Pseudomonas isolates such as P. fulva, P. putida, and P. parafulva could stimulate fungal HA accumulation by Shiraia sp. S9. The bacterial treatment of P. fulva SB1 up-regulated the expression of polyketide synthase (PKS) for HA biosynthesis and transporter genes including ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily transporter (MFS) for HA exudation. After the addition of live P. fulva SB1, the mycelium cultures of Shiraia sp. S9 presented a higher HA production (225.34 mg/L), about 3.25-fold over the mono-culture. On the other hand, B. cereus was capable of alleviating fungal self-toxicity from HA via down-regulation of HA biosynthetic genes or possible biodegradation on HA. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the diversified species of bacteria associated with Shiraia fruiting bodies and the regulation roles of the companion bacteria on fungal HA biosynthesis. Furthermore, the bacterial co-culture provided a good strategy for the enhanced HA production by Shiraia.
New type of nuclear collective motion: The spin scissors mode

The coupled dynamics of low-lying modes and various giant resonances are studied with the help of the Wigner function moments method on the basis of time-dependent Hartree-Fock equations in the harmonic oscillator model including spin-orbit potential plus quadrupole-quadrupole and spin-spin residual interactions. New low-lying spin-dependent modes are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the spin scissors mode.
Integrated acoustic and coring investigation of glacigenic deposits in Spitsbergen fjords

In many areas of Svalbard, the Neoglacial terminal deposits represent the Holocene glacial maximum. The glaciers began the retreat from their Neoglacial maximum positions around 1900 AD. Based on high resolution acoustic data and sediment cores, sedimentation patterns in four tidewater glacier-influenced inlets of the fjord Isfjorden (Tempelfjorden, Billefjorden, Yoldiabukta and Borebukta), Spitsbergen, were investigated. A model for sedimentation of tidewater glaciers in these High Arctic environments is proposed. Glacigenic deposits occur in proximal and distal basins. The proximal basins comprise morainal ridges and hummocky moraines, bounded by terminal moraines marking the maximum Neoglacial ice extent. The distal basins are characterized by debris lobes and draping stratified glacimarine sediments beyond, and to some extent beneath and above, the lobes. The debris lobe in Tempelfjorden is composed of massive clayey silt with scattered clasts. Distal glacimarine sediments comprise stratified clayey silt with low ice-rafted debris (IRD) content. The average sedimentation rate for the glacimarine sediments in Tempelfjorden is 17 mm/yr for the last ca. 130 years. It is suggested that the stratified sediments in Tempelfjorden are glacimarine varves. The high sedimentation rate and low IRD content are explained by input from rivers, in addition to sedimentation from suspension of glacial meltwater. The debris lobes in Borebukta are composed of massive clayey silt with high clast content. Distal glacimarine sediments in Yoldiabukta comprise clayey silt with high IRD content. The average sedimentation rate for these sediments is 0.6 mm/yr for the last 2300 years.
Interactive comment on “ Heterogeneity in Glacier response from 1973 to 2011 in the Shyok valley , Karakoram , India ” by R . Bhambri

A comprehensive inventory is provided for a hitherto poorly known set of glaciers; a valuable benchmark paper for the region and refinement of methods that could be applied more widely. It adds to the improved uses of higher resolution, more frequent imagery now available for High Asia. It goes well beyond the simple area statistics and visual inspection of so much past work, not least an undue reliance on terminus changes. Changes in glacierized area in the late 20th and 21st centuries were estimated for a sample of the glaciers. Broad episodes of decrease and increase were found, and quite irregular fluctuations for individual glaciers, but no net change. The results are of interest in relation to recent debates about Hindu Kush-KarakoramHimalayan (HKH) glaciers and climate change (Raina 2009; Bolch et al 2012; Scherler
Sociological Implications of the Thought of George Herbert Mead

My purpose is to depict the nature of human society when seen from the point of view of George Herbert Mead. While Mead gave human society a position of paramount importance in his scheme of thought he did little to outline its character. His central concern was with cardinal problems of philosophy. The development of his ideas of human society was largely limited to handling these problems. His treatment took the form of showing that human group life was the essential condition for the emergence of consciousness, the mind, a world of objects, human beings as organisms possessing selves, and human conduct in the form of constructed acts. He reversed the traditional assumptions underlying philosophical, psychological, and sociological thought to the effect that human beings possess minds and consciousness as original "givens," that they live in worlds of pre-existing and selfconstituted objects, that their behavior consists of responses to such objects, and that group life consists of the association of such reacting human organisms. In making his brilliant contributions along this line he did not map out a theoretical scheme of human society. However, such a scheme is implicit in his work. It has to be constructed by tracing the implications of the central matters which he analyzed. This is what I propose to do. The central matters I shall consider are (1) the self, (2) the act, (3) social interaction, (4) objects, and (5) joint action.
Escherichia coli septicemia concurrent with mycotic infection in captive salt water crocodiles in Bangladesh

Crocodile farms are getting popular in Bangladesh in an economic point of view. In one of the farms, some crocodiles were found sick and three of them died between May and July in 2006. This investigation was performed to diagnose the cause of the death. Routine postmortem examination was conducted. Samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology and in falcon tube for microbiological study. Additional swabs were collected in nutrient broth. Histopathological and microbiological studies were conducted using routine procedures. In addition Giemsa, Gram and PAS stains were performed to detect the organism in tissues. Grossly, esophagus, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, heart and kidney were congested. Intestine, rectum and colon were hemorrhagic. Clay colored material was found in colo-rectum. Purulent exudates in lungs and thick and cloudy pericardial fluid in pericardial sac were found. Histologically, multifocal granulomatous inflammation was evident in lung, liver, kidney, intestine and colon with bacterial colonies, fungal spores and hyphae. These bacteria were appeared as Gram negative. Fungal hyphae and spores were detected in liver, lungs and colon by using PAS stain. Bacteriologically, E. coli were isolated from lungs exudates, pericardial fluids and intestinal fluids. Therefore, it can be concluded that 3 crocodiles died due to E. coli septicemia concurrent with mycotic infection.
Antioxidant activity and phenolic acid content of selected vegetable broths

Ertekin Filiz B. , Korkmaz N. , Budak N.H. , Seydim A.C. , Guzel Seydim Z.B. (2017): Antioxidant activity and phenolic acid content of selected vegetable broths. Czech J. Food Sci., 35: 469–475. The antioxidant activity and content of phenolic substances in vegetable broths were determined. Green beans, beetroots, courgettes, onions, parsley, carrots, cabbages, celery, broccoli, spinach, cauliflowers, and tomatoes were subjected to boiling. Fresh vegetables and vegetable broths were analysed for ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, ORAC and TEAC values. Phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. The ascorbic acid content of vegetables ranged from 5–109 mg/100 ml, while no ascorbic acids could be detected in vegetable broths. Total phenolic content was between 17–1729 mg GAE/l for all samples. ORAC and TEAC values of vegetable broths were between 0–3 μmol TE/ml and 0–2 μmol TE/ml, respectively. Gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acid were detected in both fresh vegetables and vegetable broths. The highest phenolic acid content was observed in water in which beetroots were boiled. It was found that the vegetable broths of beetroots, celery stalks, cabbages, parsley and broccoli harboured remarkable antioxidant activity.
Utilizing Web Technologies In A Master Of Counselling Program

This article outlines Canada's first web based/residential Master of Counselling program. Since the program is open to students from around the world, the program is designed to be accessible, innovative and flexible. To meet these operational goals, the program is structured around interactive online discussion forums, video web-conferencing, media clips, podcasts, Screen Flow, and Skype. This article describes how the technologies are integrated into the program by including sample e-course assignments, outlining how discussion forums are actively utilized, and highlighting the exit option of an e-portfolio. Recommendations to address online workload issues are addressed.
Orally Administered Melatonin and the Accumulation and Toxicity of Cadmium in the Bank Vole (Myodes Glareolus)

Orally Administered Melatonin and the Accumulation and Toxicity of Cadmium in the Bank Vole (Myodes Glareolus) Animal gender and age significantly influence the accumulation and toxicity of heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of orally administered melatonin (6 μg/ml), a known antioxidant and metal chelator, on Cd accumulation and toxicity in one month old females and males (young) and five months old bank voles (old) exposed to dietary Cd (100 μg/g) for six weeks. Compared to the Cd alone group, melatonin co-treatment brought about a decrease of Cd concentration in the liver (17% and 20%) and kidneys (39% and 36%) of young female and male bank voles, respectively, while in old animals increased Cd accumulation in liver (65%) and kidneys (81%) and enhanced consumption of Cd-contaminated food (136%) without any effect on their body mass. The results suggest that orally administered melatonin together with cadmium in young bank voles reduces tissue Cd accumulation possibly through forming stable complexes with this metal but in older rodents, melatonin increases concentration of the metal through increasing consumption of Cd-contaminated food. Melatonina Podawana Doustnie a Akumulacja i Toksyczność Kadmu u Nornicy Rudej (Myodes Glareolus) Wiek oraz płeć zwierząt są istotnymi czynnikami wpływającymi na akumulację i toksyczność metali ciężkich, w tym kadmu. Celem pracy było sprawdzenie wpływu doustnie podawanej melatoniny, znanego antyoksydanta i chelatora metali, na akumulację i toksyczność kadmu u jednomiesięcznych (młodych) oraz pięciomiesięcznych (starych) nornic rudych spożywających pokarm zawierający kadm (100 μg/g). Po sześciu tygodniach eksperymentu nastąpiło obniżenie akumulacji kadmu w wątrobie (17 i 20%) i nerkach (39 i 36%) odpowiednio u młodych samic i samców spożywających melatoninę i kadm w porównaniu do zwierząt spożywających wyłącznie kadm, natomiast u dorosłych zwierząt wzrosła akumulacja kadmu w wątrobie (65%) i nerkach (81%) oraz spożycie pokarmu skażonego kadmem (136%) bez istotnych zmian w ciężarze ciała. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że melatonina podawana wraz z kadmem per os u młodych nornic obniża akumulację kadmu w tkankach prawdopodobnie poprzez tworzenie kompleksów z metalem, natomiast u dorosłych zwierząt zwiększa koncentrację tego metalu stymulując spożycie pokarmu zawierającego kadm.
Extracellular vesicles released by J774A.1 macrophages reduce the bacterial load in macrophages and in an experimental mouse model of tuberculosis

Background Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death by an infectious microorganism worldwide. Conventional treatment lasts at least six months and has adverse effects; therefore, it is important to find therapeutic alternatives that reduce the bacterial load and may reduce the treatment duration. The immune response against tuberculosis can be modulated by several mechanisms, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nano-sized membrane-bound structures that constitute an efficient communication mechanism among immune cells. Methods The EVs released by the J774A.1 mouse macrophage cell line, both spontaneously (S-EV) and after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb-EV), were purified by ultra-centrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography. The size distribution and chemical composition of these EVs were evaluated, and their effect on the bacterial load and the production of cytokines was determined in both in vitro and in vivo models of M. tuberculosis infection. Results Mtb-EV are larger than S-EV, they contain M. tuberculosis-specific antigens (not detected in EVs released from M. fortuitum-infected J774A.1 cells) and are rich in phosphatidylserine, present in their outer membrane layer. S-EV, but not Mtb-EV, reduced the bacterial load and the production of MCP-1 and TNF-α in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages, and these effects were reversed when phosphatidylserine was blocked with annexin V. Both S-EV and Mtb-EV significantly reduced the lung bacterial load in mice infected with M. tuberculosis after 60 days of treatment, but they had no effect on survival or on the lung pneumonic area of these mice. Conclusion J774A.1 macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv released EVs that differed in size and phosphatidylserine content from spontaneously released EVs, and these EVs also had different biological effects: S-EV reduced the mycobacterial load and the cytokine production in vitro (through a phosphatidylserine-dependent mechanism), while both EVs reduced the lung bacterial load in vivo. These results are the basis for further experiments to evaluate whether EVs improve the efficiency of the conventional treatment for tuberculosis.
Theoretical study of the electron-withdrawing and donating groups effects on luminescent properties of the europium complexes with substituted 1,10 phenanthroline

Effects of EDG and EWG on the luminescent properties of Eu(III)1,10-phenanthroline complexes have been studied theoretically using DFT/B3LYP and TDDFT method. The 6-31G basis set was used for the ligand atoms and Stuttgart_RSC_1997_ECP for europium. The groups were varied as 2-X-1,10-phenanthroline and 5-X-1,10-phenanthroline where X is CH3; CH=CH2; F; OH as EDG and CN; CF3; NO2; CHO as EWG. The results showed that the energy difference between singlet and triplet excited state of the ligand (ΔEISC) increasing when using EDG and decreasing when using EWG. The different pattern occurs for energy difference between the triplet excited state of the ligand and the 5D0 level of europium (III) (ΔEET), which increasing when using groups without a double bond (CH3; F; OH; CF3) and decreasing when using groups with a double bond (CH=CH2; CN; NO2; CHO). The highest energy transfer rate (WET) was Eu(III)2-NO2-1,10-phenanthroline which was caused by interaction between NO2 with europium.
A Comparative Study on Shape Reorganization

This paper proposes a new mechanism for identifying two-dimensional shapes called the SKS algorithm and compares it with three other state-of-art methods in detail. These include the Hu Moments, CSS matching and Shape context. The algorithm uses the philosophy of evidence accumulation equal to generalized Hough transform and is highly parallel in nature. The performance of each algorithm is evaluated under affine transforms - translation, rotation in the plane, scale (zoom) and also under partial occlusion.
Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein : Complex Particles in Cardiac EnergyMetabolism

The heart is a major consumer of energy and is able to utilise a wide range of substrates including lipids. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were thought to be a favoured carbon source, but their quantitative contribution is limited because of their relative histotoxicity. Circulating triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the form of chylomicrons (CMs) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) are an alternative source of fatty acids and are now believed to be important in cardiac metabolism. However, few studies on cardiac utilisation of VLDL have been performed and the role of VLDL in cardiac energy metabolism remains unclear. Hearts utilise VLDL to generate ATP, but the oxidation rate of VLDL-TAG is relatively low under physiological conditions; however, in certain pathological states switching of energy substrates occurs and VLDL may become a major energy source for hearts. We review research regarding myocardial utilisation of VLDL and suggest possible roles of VLDL in cardiac energy metabolism: metabolic regulator and extracardiac energy storage for hearts.
Antibacterial activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil and cinnamaldehyde against fish pathogenic bacteria isolated from cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Antibacterial activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil (CEO) and cinnamaldehyde was tested against seven Gram negative and nine Gram positive fish pathogenic bacteria isolated from cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Korea. Disk diffusion assay, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) tests were done. Cinnamon and cinnamaldehyde inhibited the growth of both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Cinnamaldehyde showed lower MIC values than CEO which ranged from 0.001 to 0.015% (V/V). CEO (MBC/MIC 2-4) was bactericidal for all tested strains while cinnamaldehyde was bactericidal for all except 6 strains. For all fish pathogenic bacteria, the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) increased in proportion to the oil concentration and the maximum effect was found at 100% (V/V) concentration of CEO and cinnamaldehyde. The antibiogram pattern indicated that all the bacterial strains excluding three strains of Streptococcus iniae(S186, S530 and S131) showed resistance to one or more antibiotics. Higher percentages of relative inhibition zone diameter (RIZD %) were exhibited at higher concentrations of CEO and cinnamaldehyde. Since antibacterial activities of CEO and cinnamaldehyde were considerably effective against fish pathogenic bacteria, these could be used as alternatives to treat bacterial infections in aquaculture.
Measles virus outbreak in district Karak, KP, Pakistan

The present study was conducted to know the commonest age group, vaccination status, nutritional status and main complications in children admitted with measlesin 14 different union councils of district Karak from 25-Feb-17 to 22-May-17. In this descriptive study, 170 patients (6months to 9 years of age), with clinical diagnosis of Measles i.e. high grade fever, maculopapular rash, coryza, cough and conjunctivitis with its complications were included. Immunization status of the patients was checked by examining the EPI card where available or parental inquiry if EPIcard was not available. Out of these 170 patients only 74(43.6%) were positive with measles in which males were 41(55.4%) and 33(44.6%) were females. Maximum number of children who had measles was between 6 months to 3 years of age, followed by 3-4 years. 12 children were under one year of age, and 34 children were between 1-3 years of age. Only 25 children were between 4-6 years of age and 3 children’s were between 7-9 years of age. Out of 74 outbreaks there are 13(17.5%) vaccinated male and 13(17.5%) vaccinated female, and the unvaccinated male are 27(36.5%) and unvaccinated female are 21(28.5%).
Spectral deformations and singular Weyl-Titchmarsh-Kodaira theory for Dirac operators

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es den Zusammenhang zwischen singularer Weyl-Titchmarsh-Kodaira Theorie und der Doppelkommutatormethode fur eindimensionale Dirac Operatoren zu untersuchen. Insbesondere berechnen wir die singulare Weyl-Funktion des kommutierten Operators anhand der Daten des ursprunglichen Operators. Die gewonnenen Resultate wenden wir anschliesend auf radiale Dirac Operatoren an, um zu zeigen, dass die singulare Weyl-Funktion eines solchen Operators eine verallgemeinerte Nevanlinna-Funktion ist.