Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turkish University Students' Opinions towards Blood Donation.

University students constitute an important cohort for the supplement of voluntary blood donation considering their age and dynamism. With this study, it is aimed to find out Turkish university students' positive and negative opinions towards blood donation in addition to interpreting their motivators and barriers to this issue. For this reason, a qualitative study was conducted with a total of 141 students studying in one of the governmental universities in the west part of Turkey. Data were collected with the help of a semi-structured interview form which involved 10 questions and analyzed by means of content analysis. As a result, it was determined that university students possessed insufficient knowledge and misconceptions related to blood donation. Also, more than half of the students were found to not donate blood before. Being sensible was the most frequent reason stated by the students for donating blood. On the other hand, anemia was the main reason of not donating blood for females and fear was the main reason for males. In the light of the findings, it is thought that focusing on factors such as Red Crescent blood collection vehicle, blood collection stands at the university campuses and positive effects on health might play important role to turn university students into voluntary regular donors.
Pristine dwarf galaxy survey – I. A detailed photometric and spectroscopic study of the very metal-poor Draco II satellite

We present a detailed study of the faint Milky Way satellite Draco II (Dra II) from deep CFHT/MegaCam broad-band g and i photometry and narrow-band metallicity-sensitive CaHK observations, along with follow-up Keck II/DEIMOS multi-object spectroscopy. Forward modelling of the deep photometry allows us to refine the structural and photometric properties of Dra II: the distribution of stars in colour–magnitude space implies Dra II is old (13.5±0.5 Gyr), very metal-poor, very faint (LV = 180+124 −72 L�), and at a distance d = 21.5 ± 0.4 kpc. The narrow-band, metallicity-sensitive CaHK Pristine photometry confirms this very low metallicity ([Fe/H] = −2.7 ± 0.1 dex). Even though our study benefits from a doubling of the spectroscopic sample size compared to previous investigations, the velocity dispersion of the system is still only marginally resolved ((σvr < 5.9km s−1 at the 95 per cent confidence level) and confirms that Dra II is a dynamically cold stellar system with a large recessional velocity (�vr� = −342.5+1.1 −1.2 km s−1). We further show that the spectroscopically confirmed members of Dra II have a mean proper motion of (μ ∗ α,μδ) = (1.26 ± 0.27, 0.94 ± 0.28) mas/yr in the Gaia DR2 data, which translates to an orbit with a pericentre and an apocentre of 21.3+0.7 −1.0 and 153.8+56.7 −34.7 kpc, respectively. Taken altogether, these properties favour the scenario of Dra II being a potentially disrupting dwarf galaxy. The low-significance extra-tidal features we map around the satellite tentatively support this scenario.
Analysis of five simulated straw harvest scenarios

Almost 36 million tonnes (t) of cereal grains are harvested annually on more than 16 million hectares (ha) in Canada. The net straw production varies year by year depending upon weather patterns, crop fertility, soil conservation measures, harvest method, and plant variety. The net yield of straw, after discounting for soil conservation, averages approximately 2.5 dry (d)t ha-1. Efficient equipment is needed to collect and package the material as a feedstock for industrial applications. This paper investigates the costs, energy input, and emissions from power equipment used for harvesting straw. Five scenarios were investigated: (1) large square bales, (2) round bales, (3) large compacted stacks (loafs), (4) dried chops, and (5) wet chops. The baled or loafed biomass is stacked next to the farm. Dry chop is collected in a large pile and wet chop is ensiled. The baling and stacking cost was $21.47 dt-1 (dry tonne), with little difference between round and large square baling. Loafing was the cheapest option at $17.08 dt-1. Dry chop and piling was $23.90 dt-1 and wet chop followed by ensiling was $59.75 dt-1. A significant portion of the wet chop cost was in ensiling. Energy input and emissions were proportional to the costsmore » for each system, except for loafing, which required more energy input than the baling systems. As a fraction of the energy content of biomass (roughly 16 GJ dt-1), the energy input ranged from 1.2% for baling to 3.2% for ensiling. Emissions from the power equipment ranged from 20.3 kg CO2e dt-1 to more than 40 kg CO2e dt-1. A sensitivity analysis on the effect of yield on collection costs showed that a 33% increase in yield reduced the cost by 20%. Similarly a sensitivity analysis on weather conditions showed that a 10oC cooler climate extended the harvest period by 5-10 days whereas a 10oC warmer climate shortened the harvest period by 2-3 days. « less
Effect of methyl testosterone (17α-MT) on the phenotype, bioindices and gonads of adult male dwarf Gourami (Colisa lalia).

The effect of different concentrations of synthetic androgen 17? - methyl-testosterone (MT) on the adult fish,Colisa lalia was studied in the present investigation. It was found that fishes fed with homogenous mixture ofthe hormone in ethyl alcohol, exhibited phenotypically, morphometric, gonadal changes and differences in GSIvalue. Significant differences for length, weight, body color and GSI values were observed between hormonestreated and control groups. Fishes fed with hormonal doses of 10 and 15 mg/Kg feed showed significantlyelevated body color compared to 5 mg/Kg feed. Length, weight and GSI values were found significantly higherin 10 mg than 5mg/Kg and control group. The highest mean length and mean weight of fish was recorded as4.76±0.13 mm and 1.50±0.15g respectively with the hormone treatment of 10mg/Kg of feed. The present studyrevealed that the synthetic hormone had no significant effect on the gonad development of C. lalia.
Antiacne and wound healing activity of polyherbal topical gel comprising Andrographispaniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees, Glycyrrhizaglabra L., Carica papaya L. and Cucurbitapepo L.

Antiacne herbal formulations are used for the treatment of Acne vulgaris with the added advantage of not producing adverse effects unlike synthetic drugs. The present study has been designed with the objective for successive solvent extraction of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (aerial parts), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (roots), Carica papaya L. (seeds) and Cucurbita pepo L. (seeds), followed by development and evaluation of topical herbal gel formulation for antiacne and wound healing activity.
Development of a quantitative PCR for improved detection of Marssonina coronaria in field samples.

Since 2009, Marssonina coronaria (Mc) leaf blotch disease has become a problem in low input apple production in Middle Europe resulting in early leaf fall and reduced yield and quality of the fruits. Due to difficulties in unambiguously assigning early leaf spots to Mc leaf blotch, a quantitative fluorogenic PCR (TaqMan) was developed for testing suspicious leaf and fruit samples for the presence of Mc. More than 100 symptomatic leaf and fruit samples originating from different organic and low input production sites were analysed. The majority of samples showing early symptoms without typical acervuli, but assumed to be Mc positive by growers and advisors, tested negative. Later in the season, the accordance between visual assessment and positive qPCR increased. This test can therefore be used for early diagnosis of unidentified leaf spots and to provide support for deciding the appropriate preventive and direct measures to control spread of the disease.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF P53 AND BCL-2 PROTEINS IN ADVANCED ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS

The current challenges in the management of esophageal cancer are to obtain a better understanding of underlying molecular alterations to provide new treatment options. We studied the p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression in esophageal carcinomas to correlate molecular alterations with clinicopathological findings. Tissue samples of 37 patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques. Positive immunostaining for p53 and Bcl-2 were observed in 67.6% and 43.6% of tumor samples, respectively. The prevalence of Bcl-2 overexpression was significantly greater in p53+ tumors ‎as compared with p53- tumors (P = 0.003). Unlike p53, positive Bcl-2 immunostaining correlated significantly with tumor type (P = 0.001) and histological differentiation (P = 0.007). Our data also showed that 35% of patients were positive for both proteins and 32.4% of patients were positive for p53 but negative for Bcl-2 expression. These results indicate two types of double gene alterations that obviously would affect tumor biology and response to chemotherapy. Therefore, it is advisable to determine expression profile of certain genes including p53 and Bcl-2 in tumor samples before selecting chemotherapy regimen.
External auditor's characteristics, corporate governance and audit reporting quality

The present study is aimed at investigating the combined effect of internal governance mechanisms along with the external auditor reputation on audit reporting quality. This paper is based on a study simple consisting of 28 Tunisian companies listed on the Tunisian Stock Exchange (TSE) over the period 2006-2013. In this respect, and for further consolidating evidence to be provided an empirical study applying multivariate regression panel data, has been undertaken. The results reached have revealed well that timely disclosure is on average some 155 days to be released highly exceeding regulatory ceiling limit, and only 21, 43% of companies have received "modified" audit opinion. Thus, our results have shown the persistence of substitution effects between control effectiveness as implemented by the directors' Board or by the ownership structure in a quest for a brighter external audit reputation, for the sake of ensuring prompt and reliable information.
Influence of ozone on germination and germinating energy of winter wheat seeds

Obtaining high quality crop yields is one of the most important economic problems of Russia. The yield of agricultural crops depends on the quality of the sowing material and its preparation for sowing. Currently modern technologies of processing seed based are used on applying various types of physical factors. Positive experiences on the use of the magnetic field, infrared and laser radiations, the currents of ultra-high frequencies to increase germination and seed growth are known. Unlike traditional methods of presowing treatment of seeds with chemicals, electrical methods are environmentally clear and do not have negative side effects on plants. One of the most promising methodsfrom an environmental point of view is ozonation. Scientists have determined that the ozonized air contributes to the improvement of sowing qualities of seeds. However, optimization of ozone treatment with the aim of increasing energy of growth and germination as the main indicators of sowing qualities requires improvement. In Educational and scientific testing laboratory of the Stavropol State Agrarian University for several years the research to examine the impact of environmentally safe ways on increasing the sowing qualities of seeds of grain crops was conducted. In particular, there was a twofactor experiment conducted on the influence of ozone on the improvement of the sowing qualities of seeds of winter wheat. Seed treatment was carried out on an industrial ozonator “Ozone-60P”. Determination of ozone concentration was performed using a gas analyzer “Cyclone-5.41”. It is proved that pre-treatment with ozone leads to increased germinating energy and seed germination. The article presents the optimal parameters of seed treatment of winter wheat with ozone to promote their sowing qualities.
Multiple infections of Helminths in the alimentary system of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in a tropical reservoir

The study was carried out in Erinle Reservoir accessed through Oore (Latitude 7° 58' 12" North; Longitude 4o 33' 36" East), in Osun State, Nigeria, between August 2011 and November 2013. A total of 103 live fishes purchased from local fishermen were examined. In the laboratory, morphometric parameters were measured, the sexes determined and the fish species Clarias gariepinus were dissected to separate the alimentary system. Parasites recovered were identified and counted and the data were subjected to statistical analyses. The parasites recovered were Procamallanus laevionchus, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Nematodes.), Anomotaenia sp. , Monobothrium sp. , Polyonchobothrium clariae. (Cestodes) and Neoechinorynchus rutili (Acanthocephalan). Using a non parametric (NPar) (Kolmogorov-Smirnov; K-S) test, infection was significant at p = 0.05 within seasons, and female fishes were more infected than male. Monobothrium sp. had the highest range of infection (0 to 44) and intensity (18.5±2.65) while Anomotaenia sp. had the least (0 to 1) and (1.00±0.02) respectively. Six parasites were found in the intestine, while four were in the stomach. There was high prevalence in medium and large sized fish and a direct linear relationship exist between length and intensity. The body weight was significant in relation to infection at p = 0.05 (K-S test) and was also significant in sex. Multiple infections were common, which showed a positive correlation between most of the parasites except Anomotaenia sp. which showed negative correlation with P. clariae. Key words: Clarias gariepinus, morphometric, parasite, prevalence.
Tree-oriented silviculture: a new approach for coppice stands

Abstract: Tree-oriented silviculture is an innovative approach of forest management aimed at enhancing a limited number of early-selected crop trees whose growth is favored over the full rotation period by applying frequent thinning in their neighborhood. This approach was originally applied to high forests, but can also be applied to coppices to maintain or improve biodiversity by selecting valuable timber trees and/or minority species as target trees. The main limitation of this silvicultural option is the need of specialized and qualified operators in all the phases, from selection of crop trees to logging operations. In this study, experimental trials were established by the Forest Research Centre of Arezzo (Italy) to verify the suitability of this approach to different structural and enviromental conditions. In coppices characterized by fast growing species such as chestnut, tree-oriented silviculture has been applied to a limited number of crop trees (50-100 ha) to obtain more valuable and larger-sized assortments in a shorter rotation period, reducing at the same time the silvicultural costs. In mixed coppices, where the ordinary management (coppicing) was applied, the abandonment or the conversion into high forest gave rise to a progressive loss in terms of species composition. Contrastingly, thinning focused around a few (5-20) trees of sporadic species allowed to maintain a high level of biodiversity, and led to favorable conditions for growth and regeneration of these species.
Changes in mortality and life expectancy: Some methodological issues

Measuring and explaining the effects of mortality changes on life expectancy has been discussed for the past three decades. Different approaches have been proposed using discrete or continuous methods. Two basic ideas underlie these approaches. The first compares two different mortality schedules and quantifies the contribution of each age group to the increase in life expectancy. The second analyzes how the progress in the mortality schedule translates into progress in life expectancy. This paper discusses and compares the approaches proposed by the United Nations (1982), Arriaga (1984), Pollard (1982, 1988), and Vaupel (1986), identifying their problems, advantages, and the types of situations where each one can best be applied.
A multi-disciplinary review of late Quaternary palaeoclimates and environments for Lesotho

Lesotho provides a unique context for palaeoclimatic research. The small country is entirely landlocked by South Africa, yet has considerable variation in topography, climate, and associated vegetation over an approximate east–west transect. The region has been of archaeological interest for over a century, and hosts many Early to Late Stone Age sites with occupation preceding 80 000 years before present. The eastern Lesotho highlands are of interest to periglacial and glacial geomorphologists because of their well-preserved relict landforms and contentious evidence for permafrost and niche glaciation during the late Quaternary. However, continuous proxy records for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions for Lesotho are scarce and hampered by a range of methodological shortfalls. These challenges include uncertain ages, poor sampling resolution, and proxies extracted from archaeological excavations for which there may be bias in selection. Inferences on palaeoclimates are thus based predominantly on archaeological and palaeogeomorphological evidence for discrete periods during the late Quaternary. This review paper presents a more detailed multidisciplinary synthesis of late Quaternary conditions in Lesotho. We simultaneously considered the varying data that contribute to the under-studied palaeoenvironmental record for southern Africa. The collective palaeoenvironmental data for eastern Lesotho were shown to be relatively contradictory, with considerable variations in contemporaneous palaeoclimatic conditions within the study area. We argue that although methodological challenges may contribute to this variation, the marked changes in topography result in contrasting late Quaternary palaeoenvironments. Such environments are characterised by similar contrasting microclimates and niche ecologies as are witnessed in the contemporary landscape. These spatial variations within a relatively small landlocked country are of importance in understanding broader southern African palaeoenvironmental change.
A post Younger Dryas Black Sea regression identified from sequence stratigraphy correlated to core analysis and dating

The north-western Black Sea shelf is the widest continental shelf of the Black Sea, where the Danube delta/prodelta system includes important records on the Black Sea water level fluctuations. This study integrates newly acquired high-resolution single channel seismic reflection profiles and Calypso piston cores recovered along a transect extending from the Danube delta deep into its deep sea fan. The correlated results provide information on the Late Quaternary architecture of the Danube Black Sea shelf and on the role of global glacio-eustatic fluctuations on the building of the Danube delta/prodelta. The sedimentary sequences in the Black Sea are strongly affected by water level changes. For the whole duration of Late Glacial–Holocene period, the level of the Black Sea was controlled by the regional climate modifications rather than the global eustatic changes. The seismic sequences recognized on a very high-resolution seismic profile were dated by two Calypso piston cores. Based on the obtained data, during the Last Glacial Maximum the Black Sea was a land locked lake with the level below −120 m. In the course of the deglaciation the lake level rose up to −40 m, which is confirmed by occurrence of the prodelta lobes formed after the rise in water level originated from the melt water. Following the Younger Dryas, 11 000–8500 C BP, there occurred a new level lowering to the level of −100 m, identified by the forced regression deposits recorded on the Romanian shelf. This last lowstand previously recognized by a pronounced shoreline with a characteristic beach profile and a belt of coastal dunes is also indicated by the prodelta at −100 m depth. All these coastal features as well as the incised anastomosed channel system remained preserved on the shelf resulting from a rapid ultimate transgression starting immediately after 8500 C BP.
Time-to-Contact Perception During Simulated Night Landing

In 2 experiments, nonpilots made time-to-contact (TTC) judgments during simulated oblique descents toward a ground–plane. Experiment 1 revealed a significant effect of simulated glideslope on TTC judgments: 3-degree simulations were underestimated, 6-degree simulations were generally accurate, and 9-degree simulations were overestimated. However, there was a significant reduction in this glideslope effect when the simulated aimpoint was explicitly (as opposed to implicitly) identified throughout the display. This glideslope effect was also found to disappear in Experiment 2, when aimpoint distance was held constant for all glideslopes, suggesting that TTC was being indirectly calculated based on perceived distance.
Production potential and leaf quality evaluation of selected mulberry (Morus alba) clones

The study was conducted under Uttar Pradesh Council of Agriculture Research funded project at C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to evaluate the leaf quality of 10 selected mulberry clones viz., BC-259, K-2, RFS-175, S-1,S-146,S-776, S-1635, S-1531,Tr8 and UP-1 through phytochemical analysis. It was apparent from the results of analysis that total proteins, total sugars and amino acids were high in tender leaves followed by medium and coarse leaves. Total proteins, total sugars and amino acids were high in S1635 leaves followed by K-2 and S-146 and total proteins and total sugars were low in UP-1 leaves. Moisture contents were high in tender followed by medium and coarse leaves. Moisture content and moisture retention capacity were significantly high in S1635 and lowest in CM leaves
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN READING ANXIETY AND PERFORMANCE ON IELTS READING COMPREHENSION ITEM TYPES 1

This article reports a study investigating the existence of any statistically significant correlations between the reading anxiety level and L2 learners’ overall performance on IELTS reading comprehension and on IELTS reading comprehension item types. Initially, 94 participants (73 females, 21 males) took part in this study. The Persian version of the Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS) was administered along with a General Training Reading Paper of IELTS. To exclude outliers, two box-and-whisker plots were drawn. As a consequence, just two individuals were excluded and the final sample consisted of 92 participants. Based on the Pearson product moment correlation, we found that there was a strong negative correlation between the reading anxiety level and overall performance on IELTS reading comprehension. It was also discovered that there was a significant negative correlation between the reading anxiety level and performance on IELTS reading comprehension item types including skimming, scanning, classification, table-completion, and true/false. The findings of the study have implications for L2 teaching and assessment.