Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nerve Supply to the Soft Palate Muscles with Special Reference to the Distribution of the Lesser Palatine Nerve

Objective Descriptions of the innervation of the soft palate muscles in previous studies have varied according to the author. In the present study, distribution of the lesser palatine nerve, through which motor fibers of the facial nerve are considered to reach soft palate muscles, and that of the pharyngeal plexus in the soft palate were investigated in order to reexamine the innervation of the soft palate muscles according to anatomical evidence. Results Observations suggested that the levator veli palatini and palatopharyngeus were doubly innervated by branches of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus, and that the musculus uvulae was innervated by only the lesser palatine nerve. Conclusion The soft palate is considered to be located in the border region between the areas of distribution of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus. This may be why controversies exist in previous studies about the innervation of the soft palate muscles.
BANKING REGULATION AND THE BASEL ACCORDS: A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION ON CAPITAL-RISK RELATIONSHIP IN TURKEY AND WAEMU

Kuresel bankacilik sisteminde duzenleyici standartlar olarak kabul edilen Basel Anlasmalarinin gelistirilmesinin ardindan, banka risk alma davranislarinin uzerinde sermaye yukumlulugunun etkilerini arastirmayi tespit etmeye olan ilgi artmistir. Nitekim, onemli miktarda arastirma yapilmis olsa da hem teorik hem de ampirik bulgular karisik kanitlar sunarken, tartisma henuz halledilmemistir. Bununla birlikte onceki arastirmalarda bu konunun hangi tur Basel anlasmasi ile iliskilendirildigi pek fazla islenmemistir. Sermaye gereksinimlerinin uygulama kisitlamalari, BBDK uyesi ve uye olmayan ulkeleri arasinda ciddi farklilik gosterebileceginden, bu tez, karsilastirmali bir analizle hem Turkiye hem de BAEPB bankacilik sistemlerinde sermaye-risk iliskilerini incelemeyi amaclamaktadir. Daha belirgin bir bicimde, bu calisma, Turkiye ile BAEPB bankacilik sektorundeki sermaye-risk iliskisinin egilimlerini karsilastirmaktadir. Ayrica, daha siki kurallarin uygulanmasi ile birlikte degisen sermaye duzenleyici standartlarin ve ulkelerin uyelik durumlarindaki degisiklerin sermaye-risk iliskisi uzerindeki etkileri incelenmistir. Shrieves & Dahl (1992) tarafindan gelistirilen Simultane Denklem Modellemesi kapsaminda uc asamali en kucuk kareler metodu kullanarak, elde edilen bulgular, 2002-2006 donemi icin banka risk alma davranislari ile sabit sermaye orani (CAP) arasinda negatif bir iliski oldugunu ortaya cikarmaktadir. Nitekim Cooke orani, dusuk riskli varlik portfoylerine sahip olan Turk ve WAEMU bankalarinin yuksek sermaye pozisyonlarina sahip olduklarini gostermektedir. 2007-2015 doneminde, agirliksiz sermaye orani, hem Turk hem de WAEMU bankalarinin risk davranislarini aciklamakta gecersizken, riske dayali sermaye Turk bankalarinin risk profilleri icin risk gostergesi olarak algilanmaktadir. Yani yuksek riskli yatirimlari olan Turk bankalari daha yuksek sermaye pozisyonlarina sahiptir. Ayrica, 2007 yilindan itibaren Turkiye'de duzenleyici standartlarda meydana gelen degisiklikler sermaye-risk iliskisinin egilimlerini etkilemektedir. Bununla birlikte, uyelik statusundeki degisim sermaye pozisyonlarini etkilememekte, Turkiye'de bankalarin risk alma davranislarini azaltmaktadir. Son olarak, bulgular, bankalarin spesifik ozelliklerinin (buyukluk, kârlilik, likidite ve bilanco disi faaliyetler) ve makroekonomik gostergelerin (enflasyon ve GSYIH buyumesi) sermaye duzenlemelerini ve banka risklerini de etkiledigini gostermektedir.
Prediction of survival in patients with head and neck cancer

In patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) the estimated prognosis is usually based on the TNM classification. The relative weight of the three contributing parameters is often not completely clear. Moreover, the impact of other important clinical variables such as age, gender, prior malignancies, etc is very difficult to substantiate in daily clinical practice. The Cox‐regression model allows us to estimate the effect of different variables simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to design a model for application in new HNSCC patients. In our historical data‐base of patients with HNSCC, patient, treatment, and follow‐up data are stored by trained oncological data managers. With these hospital‐based data, we developed a statistical model for risk assessment and prediction of overall survival. This model serves in clinical decision making and appropriate counseling of patients with HNSCC.
Toothache, associated factors, and its impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in preschool children.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of toothache, associated factors and impact of this condition on the Child Oral Health Related Quality of Life (COHRQoL) in preschoolers. The study was carried out in Santa Maria, Brazil, during the National Children's Vaccination Day, and 534 children aged 0 to 5 years were included. Clinical variables included dental caries and dental trauma. A questionnaire was responded by the parents and provided information about several socioeconomic indicators, dental service use and toothache. Toothache was collected by the question: "Has your child ever had a toothache - Yes or no? ". Data on COHRQoL were assessed using the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Multivariable Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between the predictor variables and outcomes. The prevalence of toothache was 10.11% (95% CI: 7.55% - 12.68%). Older children had a higher chance of presenting dental pain (OR 2.72; 95% CI: 1.01 - 7.56), as well as children with caries experience (OR 3.43; 95% CI: 1.81 - 6.52). Moreover, children who had not visited the dental service in the last 6 months were less likely to present toothache (OR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28 - 0.95). The presence of dental pain negatively affects the COHRQoL; those with toothache presented a higher chance of having higher impact on the total scores of ECOHIS (OR 4.18; 95% CI: 1.76 - 9.95) than those without toothache. Similar observation was found for the child section of the questionnaire (OR 5.54; 95% CI: 2.15 - 14.24). Toothache negatively affects COHRQoL and is associated with caries experience, age and use of dental service.
Effects of interferons on cultured human melanocytes in vitro: interferon-beta but not-alpha or -gamma inhibit proliferation and all interferons significantly modulate the cell phenotype.

The effects of human recombinant interferon-alpha-2a (rIFN-alpha), natural interferon-beta (nIFN-beta) and recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) on the proliferation, morphology and antigen expression of cultured human melanocytes were studied in vitro. The investigations were performed in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- and serum-containing melanocyte growth medium (MGM), in TPA- and serum-free complete melanocyte medium (CMM) and its mitogen reduced variant (RMM). In MGM, none of these interferons inhibited the growth of normal melanocytes at concentrations 1-10,000 international units (IU)/ml over a period of 5 d. Only nIFN-beta, dose dependently, inhibited melanocyte proliferation in CMM and RMM in a 6- and 12-d assay (growth inhibition at 10,000 IU/ml; 77-80% of the controls, p less than 0.001). In contrast, rIFN-alpha and rIFN-gamma exerted no (RMM), or minor effects (CMM) on melanocyte proliferation (only in 12-d assays at 10,000 IU/ml: 24% and 21% of the controls respectively, p less than 0.01). In parallel experiments performed on melanoma cells, all three interferons were potent inhibitors of proliferation in a 5-d serum-free assay (growth inhibition at 10,000 IU/ml; rIFN-alpha 59%, nIFN-beta 78%, rIFN-gamma 56%, all p less than 0.001). In addition, nIFN-beta and also rIFN-gamma caused striking morphologic changes of normal melanocytes in vitro. Especially under greater than or equal to 10 IU/ml rIFN-gamma cytoplasmic spreading and flattening of the cultured melanocytes and their nuclei were seen, thus resembling melanoma cells in vitro. Untreated human melanocytes grown in MGM showed high expression of the melanoma-associated antigens HMB-45 (95-100%) and K.1. 2 (40-100%), whereas the progression marker A.1. 43 was present only on less than 5% of the cells. Cultured melanocytes were 95-100% positive for histocompatibility antigen class I (HLA-I), 30-75% were positive for ICAM-1, whereas they were negative for HLA-DR. After treatment with rIFN-alpha, increased expression of HLA-I antigens was found; nIFN-beta and rIFN-gamma decreased the labeling with HMB-45 (75-100%) and with K.1. 2 (25-80%), whereby the expression of A.1. 43 was found slightly increased (5-15%). The HLA class I antigens were upregulated by both nIFN-beta and rIFN-gamma, nIFN-beta being the most potent agent. Also, both nIFN-beta and rIFN-gamma increased the expression of ICAM-1 (nIFN-beta, 75-90%; rIFN-gamma, 90-95%) and induced de novo expression of HLA-DR antigen (nIFN-beta, 15-20%; rIFN-gamma, 65-95%). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Association of serum nitrate and nitrite levels with longitudinal assessments of disease activity and damage in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.

OBJECTIVE Reactive intermediate production is an essential component of the innate immune response that is induced during disease activity in murine lupus. This study was undertaken to determine whether a marker of systemic nitric oxide (NO) production correlates with prospectively studied disease activity in human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis patients. METHODS Eighty-three SLE patients and 40 control subjects were studied longitudinally. The SLE group included 23 patients with lupus nephritis documented by renal biopsy and 26 with a history of lupus nephritis. During each visit, following a 24-hour low-nitrate diet, traditional markers of disease activity and damage were determined. Serum nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) levels were determined by chemiluminescence detection. RESULTS NOx levels were higher in SLE patients than in controls during the first visit. In univariate longitudinal analyses, NOx levels were associated with SLE Disease Activity Index scores. In multivariate analyses, NOx levels were associated with serum levels of C3 and creatinine and the urinary protein:creatinine ratio. Among patients with lupus nephritis, those with proliferative lesions had higher NOx levels, and higher NOx levels were associated with accumulation of renal damage and lack of response to therapy. CONCLUSION This is the first study to prospectively demonstrate longitudinal associations between serum NOx levels and markers of SLE and lupus nephritis disease activity. The more pronounced association with proliferative lupus nephritis and with longitudinal response to lupus nephritis therapy provides a rationale for the study of reactive intermediates as biomarkers of disease activity and therapeutic targets in proliferative lupus nephritis.
Tellurium‐Assisted Epitaxial Growth of Large‐Area, Highly Crystalline ReS2 Atomic Layers on Mica Substrate

Anisotropic 2D layered material rhenium disulfide (ReS2 ) with high crystal quality and uniform monolayer thickness is synthesized by using tellurium-assisted epitaxial growth on mica substrate. Benefit from the lower eutectic temperature of rhenium-tellurium binary eutectic, ReS2 can grow from rhenium (melting point at 3180 °C) and sulfur precursors in the temperature range of 460-900 °C with high efficiency.
The Occurrence of The Rumen Ciliate Enoploplastron Triloricatum (Dogiel 1925) from The Rumen Of Bos Indicus In India

An investigation has been made to study the morphology of rumen ciliate protozoa from the subfamily Diplodiniinae. A total 814 rumen fluid samples of adult Indian cattle Bos indicus were collected. The present paper deals with the occurrence of Enoploplastron triloricatum. The body dimensions and variations of characters recorded from the specimen taken at random (n=50) from different slides and compared with earlier reports and critical comments were made on their specific identity
Religiousness and Mental Health : a review Religiosidade e Saúde Mental : uma revisão

Abst rac t Objective: The relationship between religiosity and mental health has been a perennial source of controversy. This paper reviews the scientific evidence available for the relationship between religion and mental health. Method: The authors present the main studies and conclusions of a larger systematic review of 850 studies on the religion-mental health relationship published during the 20 Century identified through several databases. The present paper also includes an update on the papers published since 2000, including researches performed in Brazil and a brief historical and methodological background. Discussion: The majority of well-conducted studies found that higher levels of religious involvement are positively associated with indicators of psychological well-being (life satisfaction, happiness, positive affect, and higher morale) and with less depression, suicidal thoughts and behavior, drug/alcohol use/abuse. Usually the positive impact of religious involvement on mental health is more robust among people under stressful circumstances (the elderly, and those with disability and medical illness). Theoretical pathways of the religiousness-mental health connection and clinical implications of these findings are also discussed. Conclusions: There is evidence that religious involvement is usually associated with better mental health. We need to improve our understanding of the mediating factors of this association and its use in clinical practice.
Distributed LMS estimation over networks with quantised communications

This article investigates the problem of distributed least mean-square (D-LMS) estimation over a network with quantised communication. Each node in the network has a quantiser consisting of a first-order dynamical encoder-decoder and can only communicate with its neighbours. Then a new D-LMS estimator is proposed by employing a weighted sum of the internal state differences between each node's quantiser and those of its neighbours. Performance analysis of the proposed quantised D-LMS algorithm is studied in terms of mean-square transient and steady-state measurements. We show that for Gaussian data and sufficiently small step sizes, the proposed cooperative D-LMS with quantisation is mean-square stable in all quantisation levels including the 1-bit case, and its performance approaches the cooperative D-LMS without quantisation when the quantisation step size is fairly small. Furthermore, although in unquantised case (infinite precision), the cooperative D-LMS always outperforms the non-cooperative D-LMS scheme (without communications among the neighbours); however, we show that due to the existence of quantisation error, the cooperative D-LMS with quantisation does not always outperform the non-cooperative D-LMS scheme, especially when the quantisation step size is quite large. Finally, numerical simulations also demonstrate that our theoretical performance matches well with experimental performance.
Optimisation du contrôle glycémique en chirurgie cardiaque : variabilité glycémique, compliance aux protocoles de soins, et place des incrétino-mimétiques

L’hyperglycemie de stress et la variabilite glycemique, consecutives a la reaction inflammatoire peri operatoire, sont associees a une morbidite et une mortalite accrues en chirurgie cardiaque. L’insulinotherapie intraveineuse administree a l’aide de protocoles complexes, dits « dynamiques », constitue a l’heure actuelle le traitement de reference de l’hyperglycemie de stress. L’interet du controle glycemique peri-operatoire est admis par tous, sans qu’il existe de consensus veritable quant aux objectifs a atteindre, et reste tres exigeant en termes de charge de soins. Dans la 1ere partie de ce travail, nous avons voulu verifier si, 7 ans apres sa mise en place, l’observance du protocole d’insulinotherapie utilise dans notre Unite de Soins Intensifs de Chirurgie Cardiaque etait conforme a celle mesuree lors de son implantation. Nous avons constate des derives majeures dans l’application du protocole qui ont pu etre corrigees par la mise en place de mesures correctrices simples. Dans une 2eme partie du travail, nous avons cherche a evaluer si, a l’instar de la chirurgie cardiaque classique, une variabilite glycemique accrue etait associee a une alteration du pronostic des patients beneficiant d’une procedure moins invasive (remplacement valvulaire aortique percutane ou TAVI). Nous avons ainsi analyse les donnees des patients ayant beneficie d’un TAVI dans notre centre, et inclus dans les registres multicentriques francais France et France-2. Nos resultats suggerent une association entre une augmentation de la variabilite glycemique et un risque accru de complications cardiovasculaires majeures dans les 30 premiers jours, independamment de la qualite du controle glycemique obtenu. Enfin, dans une 3eme partie nous avons voulu savoir si exenatide, analogue de synthese de GLP-1, permettait d’ameliorer le controle glycemique peri operatoire en chirurgie cardiaque. Nous avons conduit un essai randomise controle de phase II/III montrant que l’administration intraveineuse (IV) d’exenatide, ne permettait pas d’ameliorer la qualite du controle glycemique ou de reduire la variabilite glycemique par rapport a l’insuline IV, mais permettait de retarder l’administration d’insuline et de diminuer la quantite d’insuline administree. Notre etude suggere egalement une diminution de la charge en soins. Du fait des donnees rapportees chez l’animal et dans l’infarctus du myocarde, nous avons egalement conduit une etude ancillaire suggerant l’absence d’effets cardioprotecteurs majeurs d’exenatide sur les lesions d’ischemie-reperfusion myocardiques, ne permettant pas d’ameliorer la fonction cardiaque gauche a court et a moyen terme. L’optimisation du controle glycemique en chirurgie cardiaque necessite ainsi la recherche de strategies visant a ameliorer l’observance des protocoles de soins et a reduire la variabilite glycemique. La place des analogues du GLP-1 reste a definir dans cette indication.
Obituary to analgesic nephropathy--an autopsy study.

BACKGROUND To determine whether classic analgesic nephropathy with renal papillary and urothelial capillary sclerosis could still be detected at autopsy in the beginning of the 21st century, the present study which is similar to a previous one performed in 1980 was undertaken as suggested by the Ad Hoc Committee of the International Study Group on Analgesics and Nephropathy. METHODS Consecutive autopsies of 616 adults performed at the Basle Institute of Pathology between November 2000 and February 2002 were analysed. Tissue samples of renal cortex and papilla of 1220 kidneys and of each ureter and main renal artery available were subjected to a very careful and meticulous study using classical histopathological methodology. RESULTS A number of lesions was found macroscopically but not a single case of papillary necrosis or analgesic nephropathy could be detected preceding histological analysis. Histologically, the most frequent lesions were vascular in 57.8% of kidneys followed by glomerular lesions in 13.1% (mostly diabetic glomerulosclerosis). Tubulo-interstitial lesions, mostly pyelonephritis were detected in 9.3% with only a single case of classic analgesic nephropathy with bilateral complete papillary necrosis and ureteral capillary sclerosis in a female who had received a renal transplant 14 years before her demise at the age of 67. In another five cases, complete papillary necrosis was detected associated with pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis or in completely shrunken kidneys. However, in the absence of capillary sclerosis, a histopathological diagnosis of classic analgesic nephropathy could not be made in any of these five cases. CONCLUSIONS The Basle autopsy prevalence of analgesic nephropathy decreased continuously from some 3% in 1980 to 0.2% in 2000 as shown by the present study. Similarly, capillary sclerosis of the urinary tract, the initiating event in the pathophysiology of papillary necrosis and analgesic nephropathy and the histological hallmark of the effect of toxic metabolites of phenacetin in analgesic abusers decreased from 4% of autopsy cases between 1978 and 1980 to the single case of the present study observed at the end of 2000. Thus, the classic analgesic nephropathy has disappeared some 20 years after the removal of phenacetin from the analgesic market despite the fact that mixed analgesics containing paracetamol, the main metabolite of phenacetin, have continued to be popular and widely used drugs.
Using of injectable bio-degradable calcium sulfate as bone graft substitute in the treatment of periarticular fractures

Although the use of calcium sulfate has been used as a bone graft substitute in the treatment of fractures for more than a century, few studies investigate the use of recently developed injectable calcium sulfate-based bone graft substitute with high compressive strength after curing in situ. In this study, we evaluated preliminary results of a high compressive strength calcium sulfate-based bone graft substitute used in the treatment of periarticular fractures. Eighty-five patients with periarticular fractures who were treated with an injectable bio-degradable calcium sulfate cement (BCSC) (MIIG X3, Wright Medical Technology, Inc, Arlington, TN, USA) between October 2005 and June 2012 were included in this study. The fracture location distribution was as follows: Fourteen proximal humeral fractures, eight acetabular fractures, thirty-six tibial plateau fractures, seventeen distal tibial fractures and ten calcaneal fractures. Postoperative roentgenologic study was adapted to evaluate the congruity of the articular surface, bone replacement profile and the resorption process of the bone substitute. The postoperative joint function recovery assessment was achieved with Neer’s score system, modified D’Aubigne and Postel hip scale, Rasmussen’s functional and anatomical grading score system and Mazur ankle score correspondingly to the shoulder, hip, knee and ankle joints. The Maryland Foot Score Profile was adapted for the postoperative evaluation of calcaneal fractures. Seventy-seven of the 85 patients were followed-up successfully. The average length of follow-up was 20.2 months (range: 12-27 months). Fractures healed uneventfully in all patients without infection. According to the corresponding functional score system in each location, joint function was excellent or good. Two patients with tibial plateau fractures had an articular subsidence of 2 mm showed by X-ray film one year after operation without joint dysfunction. Four weeks after surgery, partial absorption of BCSC was evident on radiographs. Six months postoperatively, radiographs showed areas previously filled with BCSC with the same bone density as normal cancellous bone. This study showed that the use of a high compressive strength calcium sulfate-based bone graft substitute to fill metaphyseal defects in the treatment of periarticular fractures can provide adequate immediate stability and strength for fracture reduction while improving the safety of early stage joint motion in functional rehabilitation.