Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Profile of Violent Offenders in Spanish Prisons

ABSTRACT In Europe, it is relatively uncommon to find studies that investigate the criminal profiles of violent offenders, especially infrequent are those that pay special attention to offenders’ mental health/substance use disorders and histories of violence during childhood. The current research explores whether inmates who are incarcerated for violent offenses (n = 536) in Spain are different in terms of the aforementioned factors as compared to inmates incarcerated for non-violent offenses (n = 536). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that violent offenders, as compared to their non-violent counterparts, were more likely to be younger, younger at the time of their first arrest, single, use alcohol, receive treatment in prison for anxiety or schizophrenia, and report physical abuse during childhood.
The methionine‐rich domain of the 54 kDa subunit of signal recognition particle is sufficient for the interaction with signal sequences.

The signal recognition particle (SRP) binds to signal sequences when they emerge from a translating ribosome and targets the complex of ribosome, nascent chain and SRP to the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) allowing the co‐translational translocation of the nascent chain. By photo‐crosslinking it has been shown that the signal sequence of preprolactin (PPL) only interacts with the methionine‐rich (M) domain of the 54 kDa protein subunit (SRP54) of SRP. Here we show that (i) a signal‐anchor sequence is likewise crosslinked only to the methionine‐rich domain of SRP54, (ii) free SRP54 can interact with signal sequences independently of the other components of SRP, (iii) its M domain suffices to perform this function, and (iv) an essentially intact M domain is required for signal sequence recognition. Alkylation of the N+G domain in intact SRP54 with N‐ethyl maleimide (NEM), but not after cleavage with V8 protease, prevents the binding of a signal sequence to the M domain. This suggests a proximity between the N+G and M domains of SRP54 and raises the possibility that the role of the N+G domain may be to regulate the binding and/or the release of signal sequences.
Parameter tuning differentiates granule cell subtypes enriching the repertoire of retransmission properties at the cerebellum input stage

The cerebellar granule cells (GrCs) form an anatomically homogeneous neuronal population which, in its canonical description, discharges regularly without adaptation. We show here that GrCs in fact generate diverse response patterns to current injection and synaptic activation, ranging from adaptation to acceleration of firing. Adaptation was predicted by parameter optimization in detailed GrC computational models based on the available knowledge on GrC ionic channels. The models also predicted that acceleration required the involvement of additional mechanisms. We found that yet unrecognized TRPM4 currents in accelerating GrCs could specifically account for firing acceleration. Moreover, adapting GrCs were better in transmitting high-frequency mossy fiber (MF) bursts over a background discharge than accelerating GrCs. This implied that different electroresponsive patterns corresponded to specific synaptic properties reflecting different neurotransmitter release probability. The correspondence of pre- and post-synaptic properties generated effective MF-GrC transmission channels, which could enrich the processing of input spike patterns and enhance spatio-temporal recoding at the cerebellar input stage.
MMPI characteristics of the DSM-III borderline personality disorder.

This study explored the characteristics of the Borderline Personality Disorder classification, specified in DSM-III. MMPI profiles of 29 male veteran inpatients with a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder were compared with the profiles of 26 similar inpatients with diagnoses of other personality disorders. The borderline group had higher elevations (p less than .05) on six of the 13 standard MMPI scales. Analyses showed the borderline profiles to be of a significantly higher elevation but no different in either profile shape or dispersion. A discriminant analysis accounted for 43.7% of the variance and correctly classified 78.2% of the patients. Results are discussed in terms of possible explanations for the high F scores of the borderline group. Implications regarding characteristics of the Borderline Personality Disorder are discussed.
Receptor subtype involved and mechanism of norepinephrine‐induced stimulation of glutamate uptake into primary cultures of rat brain astrocytes

Glutamate uptake into rat brain astrocytes is potently stimulated by addition of norepinephrine (NE). This effect is mediated by α1‐adrenergic receptors expressed by these cells (Hansson and Rönnbäck: Life Sci 44:27, 1989; Brain Res 548:215, 1991). The present study was undertaken in order to identify the adrenergic receptor subtype involved, and to determine the sequence of events following receptor activation. NE increased glutamate uptake rates in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner (EC50 = 6 μM). Both, the selective α1‐receptor antagonist prazosine (IC50 = 2.5 μM) and the α1b‐adrenergic receptor subtype specific alkylating agent chlorethylclonidine (CEC, 100 μM) prevented NE (100 μM) evoked stimulation of glutamate uptake. Furthermore, omission of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium had no significant influence on NE‐induced increase in glutamate uptake, indicating that the stimulatory effect is mediated by α1b‐adrenergic receptors. Treatment of cells with pertussis toxin (PTX) for 24 h or with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) for 30‐45 min prior to NE addition abolished the NE‐mediated effect on glutamate uptake. Addition of TPA alone resulted in a rapid increase of glutamate uptake, which declined to control levels when TPA was applied 30 min prior to uptake initiation by glutamate. The increase in glutamate uptake elicited by TPA and NE added at the same time showed no additivity of the stimulatory effect resulting from treatment with each agent alone. Treatment of cell cultures with 1 mM Ba2+, which has been shown to block outwardly directed K+ ‐currents in astrocytes (Barres et al.: Glia 1:10, 1988), influenced glutamate transport principally in the same manner as found for TPA and NE, respectively. Again no additivity of Ba2+ and NE effects on glutamate uptake was observed. Finally, NE; TPA; and Ba2+ ‐stimulated glutamate uptake exhibited nearly identical time‐response curves.
Proximate sources of population sex imbalance in india

There is a population sex imbalance in India. Despite a consensus that this imbalance is due to excess female mortality, the specific source of this excess mortality remains poorly understood. I use microdata on child survival in India to analyze the proximate sources of the sex imbalance. I address two questions: when in life does the sex imbalance arise, and what health or nutritional investments are specifically responsible for its appearance? I present a new methodology that uses microdata on child survival. This methodology explicitly takes into account both the possibility of naturally occurring sex differences in survival and possible differences between investments in their importance for survival. Consistent with existing literature, I find significant excess female mortality in childhood, particularly between the ages of 1 and 5, and argue that the sex imbalance that exists by age 5 is large enough to explain virtually the entire imbalance in the population. Within this age group, sex differences in vaccinations explain between 20% and 30% of excess female mortality, malnutrition explains an additional 20%, and differences in treatment for illness play a smaller role. Together, these investments account for approximately 50% of the sex imbalance in mortality in India.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI, KEPUASAN KERJA DAN KOMITMEN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI

Asbtrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial motivasi, kepuasan kerja dan komitmen terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Muhammadiyah 7 Gondanglegi Kabupaten Malang; (2) Mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan motivasi, kepuasan kerja dan komitmen kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Muhammadiyah 7 Gondanglegi Kabupaten Malang. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, Penelitian survey adalah penelitian yang dilakukan pada populasi besar maupun kecil, tetapi data yang dipelajari adalah data dari sampel yang diambil dari populasi tersebut. Sehingga kemudian ditemukan kejadian-kejadian relatif, distribusi, dan hubungan antar variabel sosiologis maupun psikologis, dan dilakukan untuk mengambil suatu generalisasi dari sebuah sampel ke dalam populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) Secara parsial atau sendiri-sendiri antara variabel motivasi kerja (X1), kepuasan kerja (X2) dan komitmen terhadap (X3) semuanya berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y) pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Muhammadiyah 7 Gondanglegi Kabupaten Malang. Hal ini dibuktikan pada hasil perhitungan software SPSS versi 21 bahwa motivasi kerja (X1) berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y). Sedangkan kepuasan kerja (X2) dan komitmen kerja (X3) secara parsial juga berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y); (2) Ada pengaruh secara simultan atau bersama-sama antara variabel motivasi kerja (X1), kepuasan kerja (X2) dan komitmen pegawai (X3) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y) pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Muhammadiyah 7 Gondanglegi Kabupaten Malang. Kata kunci: Motivasi kerja, kepuasan kerja, komitmen pegawai, kinerja pegawai
Hemoglobin, altitude and birth weight: does maternal anemia during pregnancy influence fetal growth?

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between maternal hemoglobin concentration, altitude and birth weight. STUDY DESIGN Birth weights in 235 term pregnancies were investigated for their dependence on maternal hemoglobin concentration after other maternal and pregnancy-specific influences on fetal weight were taken into account. The additional predictive value of hemoglobin concentration on birth weight was assessed using multiple regression. Using published data, the relationship of hemoglobin concentration to altitude was determined, as was the effect of increasing altitude on birth weight. The quantitative effect of hemoglobin concentration on birth weight was correlated with the effect of altitude on hemoglobin concentration to assess whether this could account for the known decrease in birth weight with increasing altitude. RESULTS Birth weights ranged from 2,220 to 4,850 g (mean, 3,505+/-443), and hemoglobin concentrations ranged from 9.3 to 13.5 g/dL (mean, 11.6+/-0.8). Apart from other known predictive variables, the variation in maternal hemoglobin concentrations at constant altitude independently explained 2.6% of the variance in birth weight (r=-.18, P=.003). Term birth weight was reduced by 89 g for each 1.0 g/dL increase in hemoglobin concentration (P<.01). For every 1,000-m increase in altitude, hemoglobin concentration increased by 1.52 g/dL and birth weight decreased by 117 g. CONCLUSION Birth weight correlates negatively with maternal hemoglobin concentration. This is consistent with the well-known effect of high-altitude exposure during pregnancy, which increases both hematocrit and blood viscosity and lowers birth weight. The quantitative effect on birth weight of increasing maternal hemoglobin concentration at constant altitude is within 13% of the change in birth weight that can be attributed to the change in hemoglobin concentration associated with increases in altitude.
Influence of different types of stressors on the waveform of the peripheral arterial pulse in humans

Background: To characterize further the different reflected waves visible at the peripheral arterial pressure waveform, we recorded changes in the pulse wave contour during different stressful interventions. Methods: Ten young healthy volunteers underwent two protocols. At the first occasion, the digital arterial pressure waveform was continuously recorded with the Portapres® device during 5 min of rest, a mental arithmetic stress test (MAT) and during the cold pressor test (COP). At a second occasion, the pulse waveform was recorded at rest and during bicycle exercise. Results: The reflected pressure peak seen during systole arrived earlier and was increased in amplitude during both MAT and COP compared to rest (p < 0.05). The first reflected pressure peak during diastole arrived earlier and was reduced in amplitude compared to the systolic peak during MAT (p < 0.01), while COP induced smaller effects. Bicycle exercise at 100 and 140 heartbeats/min caused the reflected peak in systole to be undetectable in most subjects and induced a marked reduction in the amplitude of the first diastolic reflected peak (p < 0.01), and time to its appearance was markedly reduced at 140 beats/min. Conclusion: Several stressors accounted in daily life, such as mental stress, pain and exercise‐induced rapid changes in the arterial pulse waveform. In terms of timing and amplitude, the reflected systolic pressure peak and the first diastolic pressure peak did not always change in the same direction during the interventions, implying different origins of these two reflected waves. Combining the stressors used with pulse wave analysis is a simple method for studying vascular reactivity non‐invasively.
Open Repair of Pectus Excavatum With Minimal Cartilage Resection

Objective:To summarize the clinical experience with a new open repair for pectus excavatum (PE), with minimal cartilage resection. Summary Background Data:A wide variety of modified techniques of the Ravitch repair for PE have been used over the past 5 decades, with the complications and results being inconsistent. Extensive subperiosteal costal cartilage resection and perichondrial sheath detachment from the sternum may not be necessary for optimal repair. Methods:During a 12-month period, 75 consecutive patients with symptomatic PE underwent open repair using a new less invasive technique. After exposing the deformed costal cartilages, a short chip was resected medially adjacent to the sternum and laterally at the level where the chest had a near normal contour, allowing the cartilage to be elevated to the desired level with minimal force. A transverse anterior sternal osteotomy was used on most patients. A substernal support strut was used for 66 patients; the strut was placed anterior to the sternum in 9 patients under age 12 and over age 40 years. The strut was routinely removed within 6 months. Results:With a mean follow-up of 8.2 months, all but 1 patient regarded the results as very good or excellent. Mean operating time was 174 minutes; mean hospitalization was 2.7 days. There were no major complications or deaths. Conclusions:The open repair using minimal cartilage resection is effective for all variations of PE in patients of all ages, uses short operating time, provides a stable early postoperative chest wall, causes only mild postoperative pain, and produces good physiologic and cosmetic results.
Gap Junctional Communication Modulates Gene Transcription by Altering the Recruitment of Sp1 and Sp3 to Connexin-response Elements in Osteoblast Promoters*

Loss-of-function mutations of gap junction proteins, connexins, represent a mechanism of disease in a variety of tissues. We have shown that recessive (gene deletion) or dominant (connexin45 overexpression) disruption of connexin43 function results in osteoblast dysfunction and abnormal expression of osteoblast genes, including down-regulation of osteocalcin transcription. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of gap junction-sensitive transcriptional regulation, we systematically analyzed the rat osteocalcin promoter for sensitivity to gap junctional intercellular communication. We identified an Sp1/Sp3 containing complex that assembles on a minimal element in the –70 to –57 region of the osteocalcin promoter in a gap junction-dependent manner. This CT-rich connexin-response element is necessary and sufficient to confer gap junction sensitivity to the osteocalcin proximal promoter. Repression of osteocalcin transcription occurs as a result of displacement of the stimulatory Sp1 by the inhibitory Sp3 on the promoter when gap junctional communication is perturbed. Modulation of Sp1/Sp3 recruitment also occurs on the collagen Iα1 promoter and translates into gap junction-sensitive transcriptional control of collagen Iα1 gene expression. Thus, regulation of Sp1/Sp3 recruitment to the promoter may represent a potential general mechanism for transcriptional control of target genes by signals passing through gap junctions.
The consequences of fetal growth restriction on brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant complication of pregnancy describing a fetus that does not grow to full potential due to pathological compromise. FGR affects 3–9% of pregnancies in high‐income countries, and is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Placental insufficiency is the principal cause of FGR, resulting in chronic fetal hypoxia. This hypoxia induces a fetal adaptive response of cardiac output redistribution to favour vital organs, including the brain, and is in consequence called brain sparing. Despite this, it is now apparent that brain sparing does not ensure normal brain development in growth‐restricted fetuses. In this review we have brought together available evidence from human and experimental animal studies to describe the complex changes in brain structure and function that occur as a consequence of FGR. In both humans and animals, neurodevelopmental outcomes are influenced by the timing of the onset of FGR, the severity of FGR, and gestational age at delivery. FGR is broadly associated with reduced total brain volume and altered cortical volume and structure, decreased total number of cells and myelination deficits. Brain connectivity is also impaired, evidenced by neuronal migration deficits, reduced dendritic processes, and less efficient networks with decreased long‐range connections. Subsequent to these structural alterations, short‐ and long‐term functional consequences have been described in school children who had FGR, most commonly including problems in motor skills, cognition, memory and neuropsychological dysfunctions.
Can Opinion Leader Influences the Purchase Intension of Online Consumer

With the role which opinion leader plays in e-WOM(word of mouth) generation and communication comes more and more important, its influence on online consumer purchase intension become a hot issue for industry and academics. Based on the concept model constructed and scale designed in our previous studies, a questionnaire is used in this paper for data collection. Then, structural equation model is adopted for fitting and path analysis, and found that: In all 14 hypotheses, 9 of them have significant positive correlation, which verified that variants including professional knowledge, product involvement, interactive, functional value, emotional value influence purchase intension virtually via trust. And at the same time, professional, product involvement and visual clue impact purchase intension directly. Moreover, homophily has positive moderating effect on correlation between professional knowledge and purchase intension, as well as in the relationship of product involvement and purchase intension.
Synaptic vesicle protein synaptoporin is differently expressed by subpopulations of mouse hippocampal neurons

In the hippocampus, the synaptic vesicle protein synaptoporin (SPO) has been reported to be exclusively enriched in the granule cell axons, the mossy fibers. In this study, we show that in adult rats and mice SPO immunoreactivity (IR) is also detectable in strata oriens, radiatum, and lacunosum‐moleculare of CA1–CA3, as well as perisomatically in the hippocampus proper and fascia dentata. In situ hybridization confirmed that SPO mRNA was present in granule cells and CA3 pyramidal cells but not in CA1 pyramidal cells. Importantly, cells scattered throughout the hippocampal layers resembling the distribution of interneurons were found to synthesize high amounts of SPO mRNA, too. Thus, these findings indicate that SPO expression in the hippocampus was underestimated until now. Moreover, double‐labeling immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy revealed selective colocalization of SPO and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD 65), a marker for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic terminals. To identify SPO expressing interneurons, in situ hybridization was combined with immunocytochemistry against parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), cholecystokinin (CCK), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). We found that SPO transcripts were differentially expressed by various interneuron subpopulations in the hippocampus of C57Bl/6 mice (PV 44.2%, CB 46.3%, CR 19.3%, CCK 38.6%, VIP 59.9%). Immunoelectron microscopy for SPO labeled synaptic vesicle profiles in distinct symmetric and asymmetric synapses. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that hippocampal principal cells and interneurons display a variety of synaptic vesicles that are likely to contribute to the functional characteristics of their output synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:139–153, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of electrical lesion of basolateral amygdala nucleus on rat anxiety‐like behaviour under acute, sub‐chronic, and chronic stresses

Stress contributes, as a risk factor, to such psychological disorders as anxiety. The effects of electrical lesions in the basolateral amygdala nucleus (BLA) were investigated on the locomotor activity and anxiety‐like behaviour in different stress durations. For this purpose, rats were randomly allocated to control, sham, and experimental groups, the latter including groups with and without BLA nucleus subjected to acute, sub‐chronic, and chronic stress conditions for 1, 7, and 21 days, respectively, applied 6 h/d. The induced anxiety behaviour was evaluated using the open field test (OFT) while other variables were measured. Findings revealed that sub‐chronic stress led to significantly reduced (P<.05) anxiety behaviours as measured by entries into and the time spent in the centre area while it also led to significant impairments in exploratory and locomotor activities, indicating intensified anxiety‐like behaviour. BLA lesion affected rat behaviour differently such that it significantly (P<.05) decreased fear under sub‐chronic and chronic stress conditions as evidenced by the subjects’ greater tendency to enter the centre area in the open field test and their increased number of rearing events (P<.01). However, BLA lesion led to no significant decrease in the locomotor activity of subjects exposed to sub‐chronic or chronic stress conditions as compared with those in similar groups but without BLA lesion. Finally, BLA lesion was found not only to decrease significantly (P<.01) adrenal gland and body weights, particularly under sub‐chronic stress, but also to play a critical role in modulating adrenal functions by decreasing adrenal gland weight, and thereby reducing depression‐like symptoms.