Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Placement of On-Body Antennas for Ultra Wideband Capsule Endoscopy

Ultra wideband communication is proposed as an alternative to increase the data rate for in-body to on-body communication compared with existing narrowband standards. However, up to now, it is unknown, which maximum data rates can be achieved in this environment. The channel capacity is a theoretic tool that allows quantifying this limit. In a frequency-dependent environment like the human body, it is necessary to know the frequency dependence of the communication channel to calculate the channel capacity. As there are no reproducible models available in literature that enable the calculation of the channel capacity, we propose a new channel modeling technique based on a plane wave propagating through a multi-layered dielectric. From this simplified model, the frequency-dependent path loss for various in- and on-body locations can be calculated analytically. Thus, the channel capacity can be determined. In addition, this approach offers the possibility to determine the optimum position of multiple receive antennas on the abdominal surface. Results show that a single receive antenna gives nearly no improvement compared to existing standards. However, if the number of antennas is increased to 5, the 10%-outage capacity can be improved by several orders of magnitude.
Development and evolution of RORγt+ cells in a microbe’s world

Summary: The nuclear hormone receptor retinoid‐related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) induces a pro‐inflammatory program in lymphoid cells, culminating in the expression of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐17, IL‐22, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor. During ontogeny, the first type of cells expressing RORγt are lymphoid tissue inducer cells, a type of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) generated in mammalian fetuses to induce the development of lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches. After birth, RORγt+ ILCs and RORγt+ T cells are involved in the defense of epithelial surfaces against extracellular microbes and play an important role in the intestinal homeostasis with symbiotic microbiota. The development and evolution of RORγt+ cells is intimately associated with the construction of a stable host–microbe interface.
Characterization of endocytosis and exocytosis of cationic nanoparticles in airway epithelium cells

A major challenge of drug delivery using colloids via the airway is to understand the mechanism implied in their interactions with epithelial cells. The purpose of this work was to characterize the process of endocytosis and exocytosis of cationic nanoparticles (NPs) made of maltodextrin which were developed as a delivery system for antigens in vaccine applications. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that these NP are rapidly endocytosed after as little as 3 min incubation, and that the endocytosis was also faster than NP binding since most of the NPs were found in the middle of the cells around the nuclei. A saturation limit was observed after a 40 min incubation, probably due to an equilibrium becoming established between endocytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis was dramatically reduced at 4 °C compared with 37 °C, or by NaN3 treatment, both results suggesting an energy dependent process. Protamine pretreatment of the cells inhibited NPs uptake and we found that clathrin pathway is implied in their endocytosis. Cholesterol depletion increased NP uptake by 300% and this phenomenon was explained by the fact that cholesterol depletion totally blocked NP exocytosis. These results suggest that these cationic NPs interact with anionic sites, are quickly endocytosed via the clathrin pathway and that their exocytosis is cholesterol dependent, and are similar to those obtained in other studies with viruses such as influenza.
User Acceptance of Educational Games: A Revised Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)

— Educational games (EG) seem to have lots of potential due to digital games popularity and preferences of our younger generations of learners. However, most studies focus on game design and its effectiveness while little has been known about the factors that can affect users to accept or to reject EG for their learning. User acceptance research try to understand the determinants of information systems (IS) adoption among users by investigating both systems factors and users factors. Upon the lack of knowledge on acceptance factors for educational games, we seek to understand the issue. This study proposed a model of acceptance factors based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). We use original model (performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence) together with two new determinants (learning opportunities and enjoyment). We will also investigate the effect of gender and gaming experience that moderate the proposed factors.
Mitochondria‐associated apoptotic signalling in denervated rat skeletal muscle

Apoptosis has been implicated in the regulation of denervation‐induced muscle atrophy. However, the activation of apoptotic signal transduction during muscle denervation has not been fully elucidated. The present study examined the apoptotic responses to denervation in rat gastrocnemius muscle. Following 14 days of denervation, the extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation as determined by a cytosolic nucleosome ELISA was increased by 100% in the gastrocnemius muscle. RT‐PCR and immunoblot analyses indicated that Bax was dramatically upregulated while Bcl‐2 was modestly increased; however, the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio was significantly increased in denervated muscles relative to control muscles. Analyses of ELISA and immunoblots from mitochondria‐free cytosol extracts showed a significant increase in mitochondria‐associated apoptotic factors, including cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO and apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF). In addition to the upregulation of caspase‐3 and ‐9 mRNA, pro‐/cleaved caspase protein and proteolytic activity levels, the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) protein level was downregulated. The cleaved product of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) was detected in muscle samples following denervation. Although we did not find a difference in the inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation‐2 (Id2) and c‐Myc protein contents between the denervated and control muscles, the protein content of tumour suppressor p53 was significantly increased in both the nuclear and the cytosolic fractions with denervation. Moreover, denervation increased the protein content of HSP70, whereas the MnSOD (a mitochondrial isoform of superoxide dismutase) protein content was diminished, which indicated that denervation might have induced cellular and/or oxidative stress. Our data show that mitochondria‐associated apoptotic signalling is upregulated during muscle denervation. We interpret these findings to indicate that apoptosis has a physiologically important role in regulating denervation‐induced muscle atrophy.
GROUPS B, C, AND G STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN A CANCER HOSPITAL

Disease due to streptococci other than Lancefield groups A or D has recently been reviewed at various medical centers.1-3 Group G streptococci in one reviewS appeared more commonly in patients with neoplastic disease, and we have noted severe infections due to this group in similar patients? It might be anticipated that in the immunologically altered host these infections would be more frequent and severe. It is the purpose of this paper to report our experience with the isolation and evaluation of organisms belonging to Lancefield's groups B, C and G in a hospital caring for patients with neoplastic disease.
Weather patterns and Legionnaires' disease: a meteorological study

SUMMARY This study examined the impact of meteorological conditions on sporadic, community-acquired cases of Legionnaires' disease in England and Wales (2003–2006), with reference to the 2006 increase in cases. A case-crossover methodology compared each case with self-controlled data using a conditional logistic regression analysis. Effect modification by quarter and year was explored. In total, 674 cases were entered into the dataset and two meteorological variables were selected for study based on preliminary analyses: relative humidity during a case's incubation period, and temperature during the 10–14 weeks preceding onset. For the quarter July–September there was strong evidence to suggest a year, humidity and temperature interaction (Wald χ2=30·59, 3 d.f., P<0·0001). These findings have implications for future case numbers and resource requirements.
Relational coordination among nurses and other providers: impact on the quality of patient care.

AIM The present study examined nurse reports of relational coordination between nurses and other providers and the impact of relational coordination on patient care quality. BACKGROUND While communication between providers has been traditionally considered important to improve quality, relational coordination extends this view, emphasising the value of high-quality relationships exemplified by shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect; and high-quality communication that is timely, frequent, accurate and problem-solving. METHODS Direct care registered nurses (RNs) (n=747) completed surveys to assess relational coordination across five provider functions and six types of patient care units. Nurses also reported perceptions about patient care quality. RESULTS In all analyses, relational coordination between nurses and other providers was significantly related to overall quality, in the expected directions. As relational coordination increased, nurses reported decreases in adverse events such as hospital-acquired infections and medication errors. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing relational coordination between nurses and other providers is central to improving the quality of patient care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSE MANAGERS AND NEW KNOWLEDGE: The emerging theory of relational coordination provides a useful new research-based framework for managers to use to improve provider relationships, communication and the quality of care.
Prevalence of Lead Poisoning in an Urban Cohort of Infants With High Socioeconomic Status

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of lead poisoning in an urban cohort of infants with high socioeconomic status and to determine the usefulness of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) questionnaire in predicting lead poisoning. The CDC questionnaire was administered to consecutive parents of infants, beginning with their 6-month well-child visit. All infants had a venous lead level by 12 months of age. The 165 infants were between 5.9 and 12 months (X = 9.4 months). The majority (67%) lived in a major city, had parents who were college graduates (67%), and had private medical insurance (85%). The overall prevalence of lead poisoning (Pb ≥10μg/dL [0.483 μmol/L]) was 29%. The relative risk of lead poisoning, given exposure as defined by the CDC instrument, was 0.99 (95% CI = .81 to 1.21). The sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire were 40% and 60%, respectively. We conclude that the prevalence of lead toxicity and the poor sensitivity of the CDC questionnaire in this cohort of urban infants with high socioeconomic status support the 1991 CDC recommendation for universal lead screening in this region.
Zinc-blende compounds of transition elements with N, P, As, Sb, S, Se, and Te as half-metallic systems

We report systematic first-principles calculations for ordered zinc-blende compounds of the transition metal elements V, Cr, and Mn with the $\mathrm{sp}$ elements N, P, As, Sb, S, Se, and Te, motivated by a recent fabrication of zinc-blende CrAs, CrSb, and MnAs. They show a ferromagnetic half-metallic behavior for a wide range of lattice constants. We discuss the origin and trends of half-metallicity, present the calculated equilibrium lattice constants, and examine the half-metallic behavior of their transition element terminated (001) surfaces.
Inhibition of Return Arises from Inhibition of Response Processes: An Analysis of Oscillatory Beta Activity

In the orienting of attention paradigm, inhibition of return (IOR) refers to slowed responses to targets presented at the same location as a preceding stimulus. No consensus has yet been reached regarding the stages of information processing underlying the inhibition. We report the results of an electro-encephalogram experiment designed to examine the involvement of response inhibition in IOR. Using a cue-target design and a target-target design, we addressed the role of response inhibition in a location discrimination task. Event-related changes in beta power were measured because oscillatory beta activity has been shown to be related to motor activity. Bilaterally located sources in the primary motor cortex showed event-related beta desynchronization (ERD) both at cue and target presentation and a rebound to event-related beta synchronization (ERS) after movement execution. In both designs, IOR arose from an enhancement of beta synchrony. IOR was related to an increase of beta ERS in the target-target design and to a decrease of beta ERD in the cue-target design. These results suggest an important role of response inhibition in IOR.
Predictive value of cytokine gene polymorphisms for the development of end-stage renal disease.

BACKGROUND Cytokines play a crucial role in different immunopathological conditions. Cytokine secretion is reported to be determined by polymorphisms in the cytokine genes. Since TNF-alfa and IL-10 are involved in regulation of inflammation, and TGF-beta 1 can induce fibrosis and renal insufficiency - dominant features of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), we explored the hypothesis that polymorphisms of these cytokine genes may be possible genetic susceptibility factors for the progression of renal failure. METHODS We studied the IL-10 (-1082), TNF-alfa (-308), TGF-beta 1 (codon 10;25) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms in 118 healthy donors and 103 patients with ESRD (44 hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy and 59 hemodialysis patients with glomerulonephritis) using PCR-SSP. RESULTS Significant associations of ESRD with the TGF-beta 1 (codon 10) TT (odds ratio [OR] = 5.31; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.77-7.02; p<0.001) and IL-10 (-1082) GG (OR=2.35; 95% CI, 1.67-3.15; p<0.01) genotypes were found. Statistical analysis of genotype frequencies made separately for the underlying renal disease (diabetes or glomerulo-nephritis) revealed the same linkage trend: TGF-beta 1 (codon 10) TT and IL-10 (-1082) GG were associated with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively) and chronic glomerulonephritis (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). No significant differences in the TNF-alfa , TGF-beta 1 (codon 25) genotype distribution between healthy controls and patients with diabetic nephropathy- or glomerulonephritis-associated ESRD were detected. CONCLUSIONS Carriage of the TGF-beta 1 (codon 10) TT and IL-10 (-1082) GG genotypes may increase susceptibility to ESRD in German patients with type 2 diabetes or glomerulonephritis.
Orthorektisches Ernährungsverhalten - Psychologische Untersuchungen zu einem neuen Störungsbild

Orthorektisches Ernahrungsverhalten wurde als neue Variante der bisher bekannten Essstorungen 1997 von Steven Bratman erstmalig beschrieben. Der Begriff „Orthorexie“ bezeichnet die Fixierung auf eine gesundheitsbewusste Ernahrungsweise, die mit rigidem Befolgen von selbst aufgestellten Ernahrungsregeln und starken Einschrankungen in der Lebensmittelauswahl einhergeht. Der bisherige Forschungsstand bildet aufgrund weniger Studien mit teilweise geringer methodischer Gute diese moglicherweise pathologische Verhaltensweise nur unzureichend ab. Ziel des vorliegenden Dissertationsprojektes war daher, das Phanomen systematisch zu untersuchen, verlassliche Daten bezuglich Pravalenz und Nosologie zu sammeln sowie auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse Implikationen fur die klinische Praxis abzuleiten. Mit der Konstruktion der Dusseldorfer Orthorexie Skala, eines kurzen Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumentes zur reliablen und validen Erfassung orthorektischen Ernahrungsverhaltens, wurde die Basis zur Beantwortung der Fragestellungen geschaffen. Die ermittelte Pravalenz liegt mit 1 bis 3 % deutlich niedriger als es bisherige Studien vermuten liesen, gleichzeitig implizieren Korrelationen mit Masen psychischer Belastung und berichtete Fallzahlen aus der therapeutischen Praxis die klinische Relevanz orthorektischen Ernahrungsverhaltens. Es konnte daruber hinaus gezeigt werden, dass orthorektisches Ernahrungsverhalten mit psychopathologischen Aspekten gestorten Essverhaltens, wie zum Beispiel Kognitive Kontrolle, Askese und Interozeptive Wahrnehmung, eindeutigere Zusammenhange aufweist als mit ich-dystonem Zwangsverhalten. Die Ergebnisse der durchgefuhrten Studien legen nahe, dass Orthorexie als eine qualitativ andere Variante der bekannten Essstorungen verstanden werden sollte, bei der statt Gewichtsregulation und Figursorgen uberwertige Ideen bezuglich der Wirksamkeit und der gesundheitsforderlichen Effekte von Nahrungsmitteln vorliegen. Gemeinsam mit der Formulierung vorlaufiger Diagnosekriterien und Vorschlage zu moglichen therapeutischen Interventionen haben die empirischen Befunde der vorliegenden Arbeit zu einem besseren Verstandnis der Orthorexie beigetragen.
Effects of long-term estrogen implants in beef heifers.

Crossbred beef heifers (n = 78) were assigned randomly to one of three treatments. Heifers received either no implant, one estradiol-releasing implant (Compudose), or two estradiol-releasing implants. Heifers were implanted at birth and then reimplanted every 150 d. Calves were maintained with the cows until weaning at approximately 200 d of age. Heifers were placed in the feedlot as one group and fed a growing diet for 56 d. Following the growing phase, heifers were segregated into their respective treatment groups and fed until selected by industry buyers for harvest. Beginning at 1 yr of age and continuing every 14 d until puberty or harvest, heifers were palpated per rectum, and blood samples were collected for determination of ovarian activity and attainment of puberty. Serum progesterone of > or =1 ng/mL and(or) palpation of a detectable corpus luteum were criteria of puberty. At weaning and again at harvest, an x-ray was taken of the left front leg of six heifers selected randomly from each group. Metacarpal bones III and IV from the same animals were collected at harvest and transected for determination of epiphyseal plate closure. The x-ray scores and the actual measurements had a correlation of . 94. Epiphyseal plate closure occurred in a dose-related manner, with heifers on the higher dose of estrogen having earlier plate closure than heifers on the lower dose. At harvest, reproductive tissues and carcass data were collected for all heifers. Eighteen of 25 untreated control heifers (P < .05), 6 of 26 heifers treated with one implant, and 2 of 26 heifers treated with two implants attained puberty by the end of the experiment. No differences (P > .10) were detected among treatment groups for carcass traits. These data suggest that early and continuous treatment of heifers with estradiol implants can retard reproductive function.
Multi-scheme chemical ionization inlet (MION) for fast switching of reagent ion chemistry in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) applications

Abstract. A novel chemical ionization inlet named the Multi-scheme chemical IONization inlet (MION), Karsa Ltd., Helsinki, Finland) capable of fast switching between multiple reagent ion schemes is presented, and its performance is demonstrated by measuring several known oxidation products from much-studied cyclohexene and α-pinene ozonolysis systems by applying consecutive bromide (Br−) and nitrate (NO3-) chemical ionization. Experiments were performed in flow tube reactors under atmospheric pressure and room temperature (22 ∘C) utilizing an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (APi-ToF-MS, Tofwerk Ltd., Thun, Switzerland) as the detector. The application of complementary ion modes in probing the same steady-state reaction mixture enabled a far more complete picture of the detailed autoxidation process; the HO2 radical and the least-oxidized reaction products were retrieved with Br− ionization, whereas the highest-oxidized reaction products were detected in the NO3- mode, directly providing information on the first steps and on the ultimate endpoint of oxidation, respectively. While chemical ionization inlets with multiple reagent ion capabilities have been reported previously, an application in which the charging of the sample occurs at atmospheric pressure with practically no sample pretreatment, and with the potential to switch the reagent ion scheme within a second timescale, has not been introduced previously. Also, the ability of bromide ionization to detect highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) from atmospheric autoxidation reactions has not been demonstrated prior to this investigation.
Lactate and ventilatory thresholds: disparity in time course of adaptations to training.

We tested the hypothesis that the lactate threshold (Tlac) during incremental exercise could be increased significantly during the first 3 wk of endurance training without any concomitant change in the ventilatory threshold (Tvent). Tvent is defined as O2 uptake (VO2) at which ventilatory equivalent for O2 [expired ventilation per VO2 (VE/VO2)] increased without a simultaneous increase in the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VE/VCO2). Weekly measurements of ventilatory gas exchange and blood lactate responses during incremental and steady-rate exercise were performed on six subjects (4 male; 2 female) who exercised 6 days/wk, 30 min/session at 70-80% of pretraining VO2max for 3 wk. Pretraining Tlac and Tvent were not significantly different. After 3 wk of training, significant increases (P less than 0.05) occurred for mean (+/- SE) VO2max (392 +/- 103 ml/min) and Tlac (482 +/- 135 ml/min). Tvent did not change during the 3 wk of training, despite significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in VE responses to both incremental and steady-rate exercise. Thus ventilatory adaptations to exercise during the first 3 wk of exercise training were not accompanied by a detectable alteration in the ventilatory "threshold" during a 1-min incremental exercise protocol. The mean absolute difference between pairs of Tlac and Tvent posttraining was 499 ml/min. Despite the significant training-induced dissociation between Tlac and Tvent a high correlation between the two parameters was obtained posttraining (r = 0.86, P less than 0.05). These results indicate a coincidental rather than causal relationship. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design of a Heterogeneous Cellular Network with a Wireless Backhaul

The downlink of a two-layered heterogeneous hexag- onal cellular network is studied with macro base stations (MB), small cell base stations (SB) that act as half duplex analog relays, and mobile terminals (MT). The first layer is a point- to-multipoint wireless backhaul between macro base stations and small cell base stations, and the second layer is the transmission layer between SBs and MTs. The wireless backhaul layer and the transmission layer use the same time/frequency resources for communication. The degrees of freedom (DoF) metric is used to characterize the capacity of the network at high signal to noise ratio (SNR). The maximum achievable per user DoF in the system is equal to half, due to the half-duplex nature of the SBs. The proposed schemes are simple zero forcing schemes that employ joint processing and achieve cooperation without overloading the wireless backhaul. This is achieved by sending an appropriate linear combination from the MBs that zero force (ZF) interference at the MTs directly. The achievable schemes exploit the half duplexity of the SBs in the system and schedule the SBs and MTs to be active in different time- slots in a smart manner to reduce interference. The optimal per user DoF of half can be approached in the hexagonal sectored cellular network using only zero forcing schemes, without the use of interference alignment.