Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality and use of IMNCI services at health center under-five clinics after introduction of integrated community-based case management (ICCM) in three regions of Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND The Integrated Management of New born and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) and the related Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) are evidence-based strategies to reduce childhood mortality in Ethiopia at health centres and community health posts, respectively. The effect of introducing iCCM on IMNCI is not known. OBJECTIVE To assess the caseload and quality of lMNCI service in under-five clinics in health centres after iCCM implementation. METHODS This cross-sectional study used register review to assess the IMNCI service use (before and after iCCM, in 2010 and 2012, respectively) and quality throughout the period in randomly selected health centers in three regions of the Integrated Family Health Program (Oromia, SNNPR [Southern Nations and Nationalities and Peoples Region] and Tigray). RESULTS Caseload of sick children at 28 health centers increased by 16% after iCCM implementation (21,443 vs. 24,882 children in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The consistency of IMNVCI treatment with classification for pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria was low (78, 45, and 67%, respectively) compared to iCCM treatment (86, 80, and 91%, respectively). CONCLUSION Health center case load increased modestly after iCCM was introduced, but was lower than expected, even when combined with health post use from other studies. The demand strategy for sick children needs review. The quality of IMNCI needs improving even to bring it to the quality of iCCM at health posts, as measured by the same methods. Successful quality assurance approaches from iCCM, e.g., the Performance Review and Clinical Mentoring Meeting, could be adapted for IMNCI.
Causal Attribution and Life-Threatening Disease

When individuals are confronted with a diagnosis of serious disease, they try to understand why it has happened to them. The degree to which any individual can control his or her susceptibility to disease is not clear, but different diseases carry with them varying degrees of implied personal responsibility. For example, certain diseases (heart attack, stroke, cancer) have associated risk factors. Presumably, avoiding these risk factors will have some effect on a person's chance of developing those diseases. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe patients' attributed causes for two groups of individuals recently diagnosed with either lung cancer or myocardial infarction. Content analysis was done on the responses to an open-ended question about the cause of their disease for 108 subjects at Interview 1 and for 100 subjects at Interview 2. The most frequent causal explanations given by post myocardial infarction subjects in this study were related to life style, which could be interpreted as self-blame or self responsibility for what had happened to them. In contrast, the subjects with lung cancer more consistently said that they did not know what caused their disease, or mentioned a combination of life style (smoking) and external factors (exposure to noxious fumes or asbestos).
Risk-taking behavior, earnings quality, and bank performance: A profit frontier approach

After the financial crisis of 2007–2008, some bank performance dimensions have been the subject of debate, two of which are bank efficiency and bank risk-taking behavior. The literature on bank efficiency and productivity has grown considerably over the past three decades, and has gained momentum in the aftermath of the financial crisis. Interest in bank risk-taking behavior, usually focusing on its links to monetary policy, has been relatively low, but has also increased exponentially in more recent years. This article combines these two streams of research. Specifically, we test whether more inefficient banks take greater risks when selecting borrowers, charging interests, and requiring collateral, and whether these links between inefficiency and risk change according to the type of bank. Our analysis centers on the Spanish banking system, which has been severely affected by the burst of the housing bubble and has undergone substantial restructuring. To test our hypotheses, we created a database with information on banks and savings banks, their borrowers (non-financial firms), and the links between them. The study also contributes to the literature by considering a novel profit frontier approach. Our results suggest that more inefficient banks take greater risks in selecting their borrowers, and that this high-taking behavior is not offset by higher interest rates. JEL CLASSIFICATION C14; C61; G21; L50
CEO Power and Corporate Risk: The Impact of Market Competition and Corporate Governance

Research Question/Issue. Although there is no unified theory that can explain the relationship between CEO power and corporate risk, the empirical evidence generally finds a positive association. This study argues that market competition and corporate governance play critical roles in influencing this relationship. Research Findings/Insights. Using a large panel of nonfinancial U.S. corporations for the period 1992&#8211;2015, I find that CEO power is positively associated with total and idiosyncratic measures of risk. However, this positive association remains significant only when market competition is high or corporate governance is strong. Theoretical/Academic Implications. The research design of this study combines the predictions of agency theory, the behavioral agency model, and prospect theory to further our understanding of the relationship between CEO power and corporate risk, including consideration of how competition and corporate governance influence this relationship. Practitioner/Policy Implications. The empirical evidence presented in this study can help boards to more accurately gauge when CEO power is most beneficial in terms of optimal levels of corporate risk and to better understand the relationship between power and risk. The results suggest that boards should grant more power to their CEOs when their firms operate in high&#8208;competition markets or have strong corporate governance in place.
Role of Innovation in Testing Environment Kuznets Curve: A Case of Indonesian Economy

This present study examines the role of technology innovation in testing the environmental Kuznets Curve in Indonesia by taking the annual time series data over the time period of 1980 to 2017. The study used high technology exports as a proxy of technology innovation to examine the long run relationship between economic development, technology innovation and carbon dioxide emission in Indonesia. The author applied the advance econometrics to serve the purpose of investigation and therefore used the FMOLS and DOLS for assessing the presence of long-run relationship between the variables. Utilizing the framework of Kuznets Curve, the results of FMOLS and DOLS approaches confirm the valid long run relationship between technology innovation and environmental degradation in Indonesia. The empirical results indicate that technology innovation has negative and significant impact on carbon dioxide emission long run. Therefore, the findings of the study recommended that technology innovation does not only benefit for the economic development but also helps to reduce the environmental degradation in Indonesia.
Effect of in vitro stress‐deprivation and cyclic loading on the length of tendon cell cilia in situ

To determine the effect of loading conditions on the length of primary cilia in tendon cells in situ, freshly harvested rat tail tendons were stress‐deprived (SD) for up to 72 h, cyclically loaded at 3% strain at 0.17 Hz for 24 h, or SD for 24 h followed by cyclic loading (CL) for 24 h. Tendon sections were stained for tubulin, and cilia measured microscopically. In fresh control tendons, cilia length ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 µm with a mean length of 1.1 µm. Following SD, cilia demonstrated an increase (p < 0.001) in overall length at 24 h when compared to controls. Cilia length did not increase with time of SD (p = 0.329). Cilia in cyclically loaded tendons were shorter (p < 0.001) compared to all SD time periods, but were not different from 0 time controls (p = 0.472). CL for 24 h decreased cilia length in 24 h SD tendons (p < 0.001) to levels similar to those of fresh controls (p = 0.274). The results of this study demonstrate that SD resulted in an immediate and significant increase in the length of primary cilia of tendon cells, which can be reversed by cyclic tensile loading. This suggests that, as in other tissues, cilia length in tendon cells is affected by mechanical signaling from the extracellular matrix. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:582–587, 2011
Effect of atropine on the biomechanical properties of the oesophageal wall in humans

Recently, we reported a novel ultrasound technique to assess biomechanical properties of the oesophagus in human subjects. In the present study, we use the technique, in combination with atropine, to determine the active and passive biomechanical properties of the oesophagus in normal healthy humans. A manometric catheter equipped with a high‐compliance bag and a high‐frequency intraluminal ultrasonography probe was used to record pressure and oesophageal geometry. Oesophageal distensions with either isovolumic (5–20 ml water) or with isobaric (10–60 mmHg) technique were performed. Intra‐bag pressure and ultrasound images of the oesophagus were recorded simultaneously. Following injection of atropine (15 μg kg−1, i.v.), the oesophageal distensions were repeated. The oesophageal wall compliance, circumferential wall tension, stress, strain and elastic modulus were calculated. Atropine resulted in an increase in the oesophageal wall compliance during isobaric distension, but no change in compliance was observed during isovolumic distension. The stress–strain relationship was found to be linear during both types of distension, before as well as after atropine. The Young's modulus, which is the slope of a linear stress–strain relationship, was significantly higher after atropine in the isovolumic study but not in the isobaric study. The stress–strain relationship of the active component (muscle contraction) was different during isovolumic and isobaric distensions but the passive components were similar. The passive and active stress–strain relationships of the human oesophagus resemble those of other soft biological tissues. Furthermore, the method of oesophageal distension has significant influence on the active but not the passive biomechanical properties due to a strain‐rate effect.
X!!Tandem, an improved method for running X!tandem in parallel on collections of commodity computers.

The widespread use of mass spectrometry for protein identification has created a demand for computationally efficient methods of matching mass spectrometry data to protein databases. A search using X! Tandem, a popular and representative program, can require hours or days to complete, particularly when missed cleavages and post-translational modifications are considered. Existing techniques for accelerating X! Tandem by employing parallelism are unsatisfactory for a variety of reasons. The paper describes a parallelization of X! Tandem, called X! Tandem, that shows excellent speedups on commodity hardware and produces the same results as the original program. Furthermore, the parallelization technique used is unusual and potentially useful for parallelizing other complex programs.
Confirmation of the chromosome damaging effects of lamivudine in in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxic effects of lamivudine (an analogue of cytidine) using in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests in human peripheral lymphocytes. The cells were treated with 75, 100, 125, and 150 μg/ml concentrations of lamivudine (roughly 30–60 times higher than plasma levels achieved in patients receiving this drug) for two (24‐ and 48‐hr) treatment periods. Lamivudine induced SCEs at the highest concentration (150 μg/ml) in the 24‐hr treatment, and at 125 and 150 μg/ml in the 48‐hr treatment, when compared to the solvent control. During both treatment periods, structural chromosome aberrations were significantly increased at 100, 125, and 150 μg/ml lamivudine concentrations. However, the increases of SCEs (22%) and CAs (50%) were weak. In addition, lamivudine reduced both the proliferation index (PI) and the mitotic index (MI) significantly at all concentrations for the two treatment periods. The MI was reduced by lamivudine in a dose‐dependent manner during both the 24‐ and 48‐hr treatment periods. In contrast, the PI was reduced by lamivudine only during the 48‐hr treatment period. A weak but significant increase in MN formation was observed following lamivudine treatment at 100, 125, and 150 μg/ml for 48 hr, but no significant increase in micronuclei were observed following 24‐hr treatment. In conclusion, lamivudine has a weak genotoxic effect at elevated doses on human peripheral lymphocytes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rotational movements of mandibular two-implant overdentures.

OBJECTIVES Clinicians have reported that their patients complain that their mandibular two-implant overdentures (IOD) rotate. Therefore, we studied the frequency and severity of rotation of IODs with two-ball attachments, how rotation may influence perceived satisfaction ratings of chewing ability, and the factors that are involved in the rotation of IODs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-nine participants were recruited and asked to rate their general satisfaction of their IODs, as well as their ability to chew foods, the existence of any mandibular denture rotation, and to what degree denture rotation bothered them. Data on participant sociodemographic, anatomical, and prosthesis characteristics were also collected. Student's t-test and logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the differences between participants who did (R group) and did not report (NR group) denture rotation. RESULTS Thirty-seven of 79 participants were aware of rotational movement in their IODs. These patients were significantly less satisfied with their chewing ability than those who felt no rotation (69.1 mm R group vs. 82.9 mm), and discomfort caused by the rotation bothered them moderately (39/100 mm). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the arrangement of the anterior teeth and the length of the denture are significantly associated with awareness of denture rotation. Thirty-eight percent in the R group and 31% in the NR group had non-scheduled visits. CONCLUSIONS Rotational movement with a mandibular two-IOD has a negative effect on perceived chewing ability and is associated with anterior tooth arrangement and denture length.
Child Behavior Questionnaire–Short Form for Teachers

Discrepancies among independent sources of information about presumably identical constructs argue against reliance on a single perspective. To fill the need for temperament questionnaires for teacher and parent informants, we adapted the popular parent/caregiver Child Behavior Questionnaire–Short Form for preschool and kindergarten teachers. Informant correspondences were low as expected, but patterns were consistent with hypotheses drawn from person perception models. Internal consistencies of the teacher scales were adequate, comparing favorably with those of parent-rated scales. Anticipated relations of temperament scales emerged with social competence and tasks of executive attention for both parent and teacher informants. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted separately for parent and teacher scales supported the familiar three-factor model when allowances were made for cross-loadings and correlated errors. A multigroup confirmatory factor analyses with parent and teacher data indicated that the factor structures of the two questionnaires are similar but not equivalent.
Omnidirectional Metamaterial Antennas Based on $\varepsilon$-Near-Zero Channel Matching

We present an analytical model and practical design tools to realize cylindrically-symmetric compact antennas based on the anomalous transmission properties of ε -near-zero (ENZ) ultranarrow radial channels. The flexibility and exotic propagation properties in ENZ metamaterial channels are exploited here to tune and match cylindrically-symmetric antennas, without the need of complex external matching networks, in order to realize exciting antenna designs in terms of size, complexity and efficiency. We first model a homogenized Drude dispersive ENZ metamaterial channel to feed a radial parallel-plate waveguide; next we suggest a practical realization of this channel by using radial fins; eventually, we apply the obtained design formulas to realize single- and multi-band cylindrical antennas with a wide tunability range. The designed antennas may operate in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band and may be realistically tuned over a large bandwidth. We envision applications in frequency-hopping, multi-band, compact, omnidirectional antennas.
The Gender Effect on Consumer Attitudes Toward Payment Methods: The Case of Online Chinese Customers

Abstract This study examines the gender effect on consumer attitudes toward payment methods of online shopping. The objective is to study factors that may affect consumer online shopping behavior. The empirical analysis of this study relies upon data from 526 valid Chinese consumer questionnaire responses. Although the empirical results reveal that both male and female consumers demonstrate a high concern about the importance of cash on delivery and perceived risks when shopping online, female consumers pay more attention to these two factors than do their male counterparts. Female consumers express low confidence about using online payment methods. In addition, it was found that when female consumers recognized the existence of perceived risks and their online shopping intention was lower than male consumers’. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis. The results may direct marketing managers of online retailers to establish integrated long-term market strategies to promote online shopping for female consumers.
Entry of peroxidase into neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems from extracerebral and cerebral blood

Autonomic preganglionic, sensory, and lower motoneuron perikarya within the central nervous system, as well as cell bodies with axons projecting to the circumventricular organs, are retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) delivered to their axon terminals by cerebral and extracerebral blood. Subsequent to vascular injection of HRP into mice, blood‐borne peroxidase passes across permeable vessels in muscle, ganglia, and in all circumventricular organs except for the subcommissural organ in which no leak could be discerned. Brain parenchyma adjacent to each of the permeable circumventricular organs quickly becomes inundated with the protein. By four to six hours post‐injection, this extracellular HRP reaction product has disappeared, and by eight hours perikarya of specific hypothalamic nuclei contain HRP‐positive granules indicative of the intra‐axonal retrograde transport of the protein. Hypothalamic neurons so labeled are presumed to send axons to such circumventricular organs as the median eminence or neurohypophysis and include neurons of the magnocellular neurosecretory supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, the accessory magnocellular nuclei, the parvicellular arcuate nucleus, and a band of periventricular cells extending rostrally into the medial preoptic area. Labeled somata are also adjacent to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and in the vertical limb of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. No similarly labeled cell bodies were identified near the subfornical organ.
Assessment of neuromuscular transmission by the evoked acceleration response

This paper presents preliminary observations on an acceleration–responsive transducer designed to monitor neuromuscular transmission. Simultaneously evoked acceleration and tension responses of the adductor pollicis muscles were studied. Registrations were obtained during recovery from atracurium–induced block in 29 individuals in neurolept II anaesthesia (Group I) and in 4 ICU patients (Group II) sedated with pentobarbital or midazolam. Regression analysis of 1567 train–of–four (TOF) registrations, in regard to TOF–ratio (T4/T1) and first twitch ratio (T1/T0), demonstrated regression coefficients (b) and correlation coefficients (r) in the range 0.91‐1.06 and 0.89‐0.98, respectively. During 1 Hz single twitch stimulation and post–tetanic count stimulation, b and r were in the range 0.85‐1.03 and 0.77‐0.90, respectively. Following administration of edrophonium (n = 6, Group I) a deviation of T1/T0 regression values was observed in four individuals, i.e. 0.48 (b) and 0.56 (r). This investigation proved a good level of accuracy of the acceleration transducer compared to the force displacement transducer during spontaneous and neostigmine–induced recovery from atracurium block. The acceleration transducer–based system does not require a rigid suspension and seems to have a good monitoring potential in clinical assessment of neuromuscular transmission.
Moclobemide versus clomipramine in the treatment of depression: a double‐blind multicentre study in Belgium

Moclobemide and clomipramine were compared for efficacy, tolerance and safety in 63 mixed endogenous and nonendogenous depressed patients. Treatment was given for at least 4 weeks in a double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group design. The mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score decreased gradually during treatment with no differences between groups. Two patients on clomipramine and none on moclobemide were withdrawn for lack of efficacy, and poor tolerance caused 3 patients on moclobemide and 7 on clomipramine to stop treatment prematurely. Patients with endogenous depression responded better to clomipramine, whereas nonendogenous disorders did better on moclobemide. Adverse events were more frequent in the clomipramine group and more of these were severe or very severe than for moclobemide. Thus, although no significant difference in efficacy was seen, moclobemide appeared to be tolerated better than clomipramine. The numbers were small, however, and many patients received concomitant medication, and the results are therefore difficult to interpret.