Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear processing in the health centers of Shahrekord in 2005

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: تست پاپ اسمیر یک روش غربالگری مؤثر جهت بررسی تغییرات سلولی دهانه رحم قبل از تبدیل به سرطان مهاجم دهانه رحم است. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی فرآیند انجام تست پاپ اسمیر توسط ماماها و مقایسه میزان کافی بودن نمونه، کیفیت سیتولوژی نمونه و دقت تشخیصی در گزارش سیتولوژیست و پاتولوژیست و توافق این گزارشات انجام شد. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی در بهار و تابستان 1384، 160 فرآیند پاپ اسمیر از مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر شهرکرد به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و به وسیله چک لیست استاندارد، عملکرد ماماها در خصوص نحوه شرح حال گیری و نحوه انجام تست پاپ اسمیر ارزیابی گردید. همچنین به طور تصادفی 360 نمونه پاپ اسمیر را که قبلا توسط سیتولوژیست گزارش شده بود توسط پاتولوژیست مشاهده و میزان توافق بین گزارشات پاتولوژیست و سیتولوژیست (بر اساس دستورالعمل کشوری گزارش سیتولوژی زنان) به کمک آزمون آماری ضریب توافق کاپا محاسبه گردید. یافته ها: در زمینه شرح حال گیری از بیمار 15/96 عملکرد ماماها خوب و 85/3 موارد عملکرد ضعیف وجود داشت. در زمینه نحوه گرفتن نمونه پاپ اسمیر 72/88 عملکرد ماماها خوب و در 28/11 موارد عملکرد ضعیف بود. در گزارش پاتولوژیست فراوانی کافی بودن نمونه ها 5/85، عفونت ها 3/3، التهاب 4/64 و ناهنجاری سلول اپی تلیال 83/0 بود. توافق معنی داری بین گزارش سیتولوژیست و پاتولوژیست وجود داشت (05/0p
The athlete's heart: different training responses, gender and ethnicity dependencies

Summary Since the first description of the athlete’s heart in 1899 by Henschen and Darling, the knowledge on cardiovascular adaptations to exercise conditioning has expanded considerably. There is an ongoing debate about the true nature of the athlete’s heart, whether it is only a physiological adaption or a potentially pathological condition, fuelled by reports about elevated biomarkers after prolonged endurance exercise. Age, gender, ethnicity and sporting discipline have a substantial impact on the magnitude of cardiac remodelling. Black athletes in particular exhibit striking repolarisation abnormalities and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy which may be regarded as an ethnic variant of the athlete’s heart. Sport is thought to be a trigger and not a cause for life-threatening arrhythmias in athletes with underlying cardiovascular diseases. The overall incidence of sudden cardiac death in athletes is extremely low. Figures of 0.6 to 2.3 cases/100 000 athletes per year have been reported, with a striking male predominance and a greater risk for black athletes. In this article, we review the current literature of the athlete’s heart with a focus on gender and ethnicity.
A population-based survey on family intentions and fertility awareness in women and men in the United Kingdom and Denmark

Abstract Background: Across several European countries family formation is increasingly postponed. The aims of the study were to investigate the desire for family building and fertility awareness in the UK and Denmark. Methods: A population-based internet survey was used among women (n = 1,000) and men (n = 237) from the UK (40%) and Denmark (60%). Data covered socio-demographics, family formation, and awareness of female age-related fertility. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis for studying associations between low fertility awareness and desired family formation. Results: The majority of all participants desired two or three children. Two-thirds of the childless participants desired a first child at 30+ years, and one-fifth of the women and one-third of the men desired a last child at age 40. Overall, 83% of women and 73% of men were aware that female fertility starts to decline around 25–30 years. Men had significantly lower fertility awareness. Women who underestimated the impact of age on female fertility were significantly more likely to have a desire or attempted their first child at a higher age. Conclusion: Even though the majority were aware of the age-related decrease in female fertility, most desired having children at an age when female fertility has declined. Women who were not sufficiently aware of the impact of advanced age were significantly more likely to have their first child at a higher age. There is a need for developing educational programs for women and men in order to increase the population’s knowledge of fertility and risk factors for infertility.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF NOCTURIA AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF NOCTURIA SUBJECTS FROM SHANGHAI

Purpose: To investigate prevalence and risk factors of nocturia and quality of life of nocturia subjects from Shanghai. Methods: Investigations by questionnaire were conducted in 3,646 people over 50 years old. The risk factors including the age, hypertension, diabetes and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) etc. were also evaluated. Results: 1,332 urinated more than twice each night (36.5%), and average age was 72.06. The increased frequency of night urination makes the hours of uninterrupted sleep (HUS) reduce significantly (P<0.001). Overactive bladder (OAB) was a risk factor of nocturia (P<0.001); OAB symptom scores were significantly different between nocturia subjects (urination twice, thrice and quartic) and others (P12≤0.001, P13 =0.002, P14<0.001). The frequent night urination deteriorated the quality of life and sleeping. Hypertension, diabetes, snoring and BPH are risk factors of nocturia. Conclusion: The increased night urination impacts the HUS, quality of life and sleep quality. The age, hypertension, diabetes, BPH, snoring and OAB are the risk factors of nocturia.
Physical activity in midlife and health-related quality of life, frailty, telomere length and mortality in old age

Physical inactivity is an increasing health problem worldwide and one of the most important risk factors for global premature mortality. Along with gained years, it is highly essential for both individuals and society that elderly persons perceive their health as good and are able to cope well with everyday life and enjoy it. Hence, our aim was to investigate the long-term associations of midlife physical activity (PA) with health-related quality of life (HRQL), frailty stage, leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a potential indicator of biological ageing, and mortality. The Helsinki Businessmen Study cohort has been followed since the 1960s and it has been studied from several perspectives over the years. In the baseline examinations in 1974, 782 healthy men (mean age 48) completed a questionnaire about their PA pattern. These men form the population of this study. According to their global description of their PA pattern, the men were categorized into low, moderate and high PA groups. After a 26-year follow-up in 2000, the HRQL and disease prevalences were appraised in 552 (mean age 73) men using a postal questionnaire including the RAND-36 instrument. PA was significantly associated with better physical function, one of the eight domains of HRQL. From the same questionnaire, frailty stage was appraised for 514 men using modified Fried’s criteria: weight loss, physical inactivity, low vitality and physical weakness. After adjusting for CVD risk factors at baseline, the risk for frailty was 80% lower in the high PA group compared with the low PA group. After a 29-year follow-up in 2003, 204 randomly selected survivors were invited to laboratory tests. The mean LTL was longer in the moderate PA group than in the low PA group and, contrary to our hypothesis, in the high PA group. We found that midlife PA was related to mortality during a 34-year follow-up and the protective effect of PA was independent of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including body mass index, age, cholesterol, glucose, systolic blood pressure and smoking at baseline. In conclusion, the overall results of this study lend support to the view that those who have adopted a physically active lifestyle in middle age have better physical function and lower risk of frailty in old age and lower mortality.
Speeding Up Context-, Object- and Field-Sensitive SDG Generation

System dependence graphs (SDGs) are an established tool for precise interprocedural program analysis. We present new techniques for the efficient generation of SDGs for full Java, which are context-, field - and object-sensitive. We show that previous approaches to the generation of interprocedural dependencies for Java do not scale, as they interfere with the points-to analysis. Our new algorithm is based on the WALA framework and reduces time and memory consumption up to 90%, while maintaining precision.
Natural Compounds with Bioactive Properties from Marine Algae

Algae, mainly of marine origin, are producers of many economically important compounds. These compounds are bioactive compounds since they have different biological activities and have been used in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries for many years. Recent trends in drug research from natural sources and several screening and clinical studies have led to the discovery and elucidation of a number of new and active compounds from macroalgae. This review covers those algae from which bioactive substances have been identified and/or synthesized with a potential impact on health and medicine. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis: third edition

Revised and updated third edition offers a broader range of material Wide scope of methods and applications, making this a comprehensive treatment of the subject A wealth of examples and exercises—ideal for students in economics and finance Quantlets in R and Matlab available online Most of the observable phenomena in the empirical sciences are of a multivariate nature. In financial studies, assets are observed simultaneously and their joint development is analysed to better understand general risk and to track indices. In medicine recorded observations of subjects in different locations are the basis of reliable diagnoses and medication. In quantitative marketing consumer preferences are collected in order to construct models of consumer behavior. The underlying data structure of these and many other quantitative studies of applied sciences is multivariate. Focusing on applications this book presents the tools and concepts of multivariate data analysis in a way that is understandable for non-mathematicians and practitioners who need to analyze statistical data. The book surveys the basic principles of multivariate statistical data analysis and emphasizes both exploratory and inferential statistics. All chapters have exercises that highlight applications in different fields. The third edition of this book on Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis offers the following new features A new Chapter on Regression Models has been added All numerical examples have been redone, updated and made reproducible in MATLAB or R, see www.quantlet. org for a repository of quantlets.
The roles of political connections built through corruption: A comparative analysis between Chinese listed family firms and non-family firms

This study adopts a natural experiment approach to examine the responses of the Chinese listed non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) to the loss of political connections as a consequence of the exposure of corruption scandals involving high level bureaucrats from 2009 to 2014. We interpret the responses to identify the roles political connections play within family and non-family firms. Our results suggest that on average, family firms are more likely to build political connections for better firm performance, access to external financing, and more investment opportunities, which in turn benefit minority shareholders while political connections appear to help the controlling shareholders of non-family firms to expropriate minority shareholders. We also find that the impact of political connections built through direct bribery and in provinces with a low level of marketisation is more profound than those built through personal connections and in provinces with a high level of marketisation. Our results are robust after ruling out the impact of corruption scandals per se, as well as to alternative measurements of key variables and sample selection methods.
Determinants of Industrial Growth in South Asia: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis

Industrial growth is imperative for socio-economic development of a state. It generates productive jobs, leads to capital accumulation, technological innovations and stirs up economic growth. This paper highlights the impact of political and economic factors on industrial growth using data from 1990 to 2015 for four South Asian countries: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The key findings from the fixed-effect panel data regression were that per capita income, foreign direct investment, trade openness, governance and government expenditure all have a significant and positive impact on industrial growth. If we look at the patterns of the industrial growth of the major South Asian economies measured by industrial value added it can be seen that industrial sector of all the economies grew at different rate. These differences arise due to differences in industrial strategies or country’s characteristics. Examples of industrial strategies include protectionist policies, import substitution, promotion of labour or capital intensive production etc. In order to design industrial policies conducive for industrial development it is a pre-requisite to know exactly what factors promote industrialisation.
Towards Plausible Graph Anonymization

Social graphs derived from online social interactions contain a wealth of information that is nowadays extensively used by both industry and academia. However, as social graphs contain sensitive information, they need to be properly anonymized before release. Most of the existing graph anonymization mechanisms rely on the perturbation of the original graph's edge set. In this paper, we identify a fundamental weakness of these mechanisms: They neglect the strong structural proximity between friends in social graphs, thus add implausible fake edges for anonymization. To exploit this weakness, we first propose a metric to quantify an edge's plausibility by relying on graph embedding. Extensive experiments on three real-life social network datasets demonstrate that our plausibility metric can very effectively differentiate fake edges from original edges with AUC (area under the ROC curve) values above 0.95 in most of the cases. We then rely on a Gaussian mixture model to automatically derive the threshold on the edge plausibility values to determine whether an edge is fake, which enables us to recover to a large extent the original graph from the anonymized graph. We further demonstrate that our graph recovery attack jeopardizes the privacy guarantees provided by the considered graph anonymization mechanisms. To mitigate this vulnerability, we propose a method to generate fake yet plausible edges given the graph structure and incorporate it into the existing anonymization mechanisms. Our evaluation demonstrates that the enhanced mechanisms decrease the chances of graph recovery, reduce the success of graph de-anonymization (up to 30\%), and provide even better utility than the existing anonymization mechanisms.
Geodesic motion in the vacuum C-metric

Geodesic equations of the vacuum C-metric are derived and solved for various cases. The solutions describe the motion of timelike or null particles with conserved energy and angular momentum. Polar, nearly-circular orbits around weakly accelerated black holes may be regarded as a perturbation of circular Schwarzschild geodesics. Results indicate that circular Schwarzschild geodesics of radius r0 > 6m are stable under small uniform accelerations along the orbital plane. These stable orbits undergo small oscillations around r0, behaving like a harmonic oscillator driven by a periodic force plus another constant force. Circular orbits with axis parallel to the direction of black hole acceleration are also considered. In this case an algebraic relation expressing the condition of stability is obtained. This refines the stability analysis done in previous literature. We also present an analysis of radial geodesics along the poles. There exist a solution where a particle remains at unstable equilibrium at a fixed distance directly behind the accelerating black hole. Examples of numerical solutions are presented for other more general cases.
Modern Health Worries and Emotional Reactivity to Images of Air Pollution

Modern health worries (MHW) represent individual differences in the perceived threat posed to health and well-being by aspects of modern life. Current evidence suggests that MHW are positively associated with trait negative emotionality, and given that trait negative emotionality is associated with state emotional reactivity to environmental stressors, it is reasonable to expect that persons with elevated MHW would show increased state emotional reactivity to MHWrelated stimuli. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the association of MHW with state emotional reactivity (i.e., valence and arousal) to MHW-related stimuli (i.e., images of air pollution). Combining these stimuli with other stimuli varying in valence and arousal allowed us to examine whether MHW are specifically associated with emotional reactivity induced by MHW-related stimuli. A total of 73 college students viewed 48 images encompassing eight different content areas, including a subset of MHW-related images (air pollution); each image was rated for valence and arousal. Participants also completed measures of MHW, trait negative emotionality (i.e., neuroticism), and demographics. After controlling for neuroticism and gender, results suggest that MHW only predicted valence rating for images of air pollution; conversely, MHW appears to be associated with arousal ratings in response to a variety of stimuli. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Europeanisation and domestic policy-making in small open economies : A comparison of five policy cases in Belgium and Switzerland

European integration challenges domestic societies and affects their politics. However, how and through which causal mechanisms domestic policy-making is affected has hitherto not been the object of much scholarly interest. Several, often contradictory, theoretical assumptions contrast with little empirical research. In this paper, we analyse these contradicting hypotheses of how European integration is expected to affect domestic policy-making in small open economies, particularly exposed to external pressure. The results from ten case studies show that European integration does not foster concertation, as internationalisation did in the past. On the contrary, it tends to weaken concertation by empowering the executives. However, this effect should not be overestimated. In addition, European integration has no effect on the parliament and the executive-legislative relationship. An interesting and somewhat surprising result is that indirect Europeanisation has not a weaker impact on domestic policy-making than direct Europeanisation policy-making in Switzerland is equally affected than policy-making in Belgium. Overall, the impact of European integration remains limited, and its interaction with other, mainly domestic factors must be accounted for in order to understand the extend of this impact.
N ov 2 01 9 Interactive shallow Clifford circuits : quantum advantage against NC 1 and beyond

Recent work of Bravyi et al. and follow-up work by Bene Watts et al. demonstrates a quantum advantage for shallow circuits: constant-depth quantum circuits can perform a task which constant-depth classical (i.e., AC) circuits cannot. Their results have the advantage that the quantum circuit is fairly practical, and their proofs are free of hardness assumptions (e.g., factoring is classically hard, etc.). Unfortunately, constant-depth classical circuits are too weak to yield a convincing real-world demonstration of quantum advantage. We attempt to hold on to the advantages of the above results, while increasing the power of the classical model. Our main result is a two-round interactive task which is solved by a constant-depth quantum circuit (using only Clifford gates, between neighboring qubits of a 2D grid, with Pauli measurements), but such that any classical solution would necessarily solve ⊕L-hard problems. This implies a more powerful class of constant-depth classical circuits (e.g., AC0[p] for any prime p) unconditionally cannot perform the task. Furthermore, under standard complexity-theoretic conjectures, log-depth circuits and log-space Turing machines cannot perform the task either. Using the same techniques, we prove hardness results for weaker complexity classes under more restrictive circuit topologies. Specifically, we give QNC interactive tasks on 2 × n and 1×n grids which require classical simulations of power NC and AC0[6], respectively. Moreover, these hardness results are robust to a small constant fraction of error in the classical simulation. We use ideas and techniques from the theory of branching programs, quantum contextuality, measurement-based quantum computation, and Kilian randomization. This work was also completed at MIT with support from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1122374.
Morphological and essential oil variations among Iranian populations of Salvia chloroleuca (Lamiaceae)

Salvia chloroleuca Rech. f. & Aell. is one of the perennial species of the Lamiaceae family in Iran, which has antimicrobial and antitumoural properties. In the current research, the morphological variables and hydrodistilled essential oils of two populations, from Polor and Neyshabur, of this species were evaluated. We studied 10 and 40 individuals for morphometrics and essential oils, respectively. Morphological data were analyzed using SPSS. Furthermore, the extracted oils were analysed using GC and GC/MS. The qualitative morphological characteristics were stable between the populations, while the quantitative ones highly varied. The one-sample variance test revealed significant differences for most of the studied features. The yielded oil highly differed between these populations. The first and second main groups of compounds were the same for both populations, but with different percentages. However, the third and fourth main groups of compounds were not similar. Furthermore, the main compounds of essential oil differed between the studied populations. The major compounds of the Polor population were: β-pinene (22.7%), α-pinene (18.3%), germacrene D (7.7%) and sabinene (6.6%). However, spathulenol (19.8%), bicyclogermacrene (11.4%), p-cymene (10.8%) and β-pinene (10.4%) constituted the major compounds of the Nyshabur population. In total, the Neyshabur population had higher amounts of sesquiterpene and oxygenated compounds than the other population. The results indicated that in this species the quantitative morphological characters and essential oils were strongly affected by environmental factors.