Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance Mitigating Effect of Artemisia Annua Phytochemicals against Plasmodium berghei ANKA and Plasmodium yoelii in Swiss Albino Mice

Malaria is a disease of global concern. Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to drugs such as chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine is a major problem in malaria control. Artemisinin derivatives, particularly in combination with other drugs, are thus increasingly used to treat malaria, reducing the probability that parasites resistant to the components will emerge. Artemisinin resistance has recently been reported in the Thai-Cambodia border. The project was designed to demonstrate resistance-mitigating effects of phytochemical A. annuaof Artemisia annua relative to pure artemisinin against therodent malaria parasite Plasmodium bergheiAnkaand plasmodium yoelii. The in vivo experiments were done by inoculating the Swiss albino mice with the P. berghei ANKA parasite and P. yoelii and thereafter treated them with pure artemisinin and Artemisia annua phytochemicals. After 4 days parasitaemia was determined and the ED50 and the ED9O calculated and then the mice were passaged. The ED values got were utilized to determine the doses to be used for resistance development. The ED50andED90 got for artemisinin with P. berghei ANKA was 1.43 and 7.18 mg/kg.day respectively while the ED50andED90 got for the A. annua with P. berghei ANKA was 34.5 and 118 mg/kg.day respectively. The chloroquine resistant murine plasmodium (P.yoelii) values were as follows artemisinin ED50andED90 got was 11.63 and 29.8 mg/kg.day respectively. The efficacy of dihydroartemisinin was also determined in order to compare with artemisinin and the ED50andED90 got for DHA with P. berghei ANKA was 1.73 and 8.31 mg/ kg. day respectively. In order to determine resistance development the ED50 and ED90 were determined after every 10 cycles. This was compared with the values that had been obtained before exposure to the drug pressure. Relative index was calculated as final ED50 divided by the parental ED50. The results indicated that there was incremental increase in the Relative index with increase in cycles in both P. yoelii and P. bergheianka. Resistance obtained in the two murine plasmodium parasites was found to be transient.
The inside out super-capacitor: Induced charge storage on graphene

A new kind of super-capacitor has been developed which uses ionic rather than electronic currents to charge and discharge it. The super-capacitor functions by inducing charge on a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) film which spans two electrolyte reservoirs. Typically such induced charge is used to create electrokinetic effects however unlike induced charge electrokinetic geometries the work surface in this geometry has its bipolar double layer split by an ionically insulating separator. This device represents the iontronic analogue of the electronic super-capacitor.
Export of dissolved organic matter from a mangrove swamp ecosystem: evidence from natural fluorescence, dissolved lignir phenols, and bacterial secondary production

Export of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from an island mangrove swamp was traced and quantified by analysis of dissolved lignin-derived humic substances and naturally fluorescing compounds. Concentrations of both lignin phenols and fluorescent compounds indcated the tidallymediated movement of DOM offshore from the swamp to distances at least 1 km seaward. Laboratory studies documented the formation of significant amounts of DOM from degrading mangrove leaves, about 20°/0 of which was highly-fluorescent humic substances. At the 1 km station, vascular plantderived material was calculated to account for about 10 % of the total DOM, based on slmple mixing models. A correlation between apparent concentrations of vascular plant-derived DOM and rates of bacterial secondary production suggests that some components of exported DOM are available for bactenoplankton growth in offshore environments.
The Campi Flegrei caldera: unrest mechanisms and hazards

Abstract In the last four decades, Campi Flegrei caldera has been the world’s most active caldera characterized by intense unrest episodes involving huge ground deformation and seismicity, but, at the time of writing, has not culminated in an eruption. We present a careful review, with new analyses and interpretation, of all the data and recent research results. We deal with three main problems: the tentative reconstruction of the substructure; the modelling of unrest episodes to shed light on possible pre-eruptive scenarios; and the probabilistic estimation of the hazards from explosive pyroclastic products. The results show, for the first time at a volcano, that a very peculiar mechanism is generating episodes of unrest, involving mainly activation of the geothermal system from deeper magma reservoirs. The character and evolution of unrest episodes is strongly controlled by structural features, like the ring-fault system at the borders of the caldera collapse. The use of detailed volcanological, mathematical and statistical procedures also make it possible to obtain a detailed picture of eruptive hazards in the whole Neapolitan area. The complex behaviour of this caldera, involving interaction between magmatic and geothermal phenomena, sheds light on the dynamics of the most dangerous types of volcanoes in the world.
Vitamin D Status in Egyptian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Vitamin D is an important factor for bone health especially in type 1 DM (T1DM). Thus, optimal supply of vitamin D may be of particular importance for bone health in children and adolescents with T1DM. Objective: To assess the vitamin D status in children and adolescents with T1DM and to study related factors that may influence serum vitamin D level. Methods: Sixty (30 prepubertal, 30 pubertal) Egyptian children and adolescents with T1DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, the mean age for the prepubertal group was 6.85 ± 1.64 years and for the pubertal group was 14.43 ± 1.524 years. Detailed history and complete physical examination laying stress on the sun exposure, skin color, exercise and detailed dietetic history. Dietary content of calcium (mg/day) and vitamin D (IU/day) were calculated. Laboratory assessment included serum calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) and parathormone (PTH). Results: Most of the study group (91.67 %) was vitamin D deficient. There was no significant correlation between serum vitamin D and serum calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, anthropometric measures, duration of diabetes, mean HbA1c, insulin dose, and sun exposure. Despite the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, there was a low prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (11.67%) in the study group. Conclusion: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in diabetic children and adolescents is very high but underestimated. Therefore, screening and supplementation of vitamin D should be considered.
You are either with us or with us: Constructing Samoan national identity through inclusion at the Samoa Observer

Constructing Samoan national identity through inclusion at the Samoa Observer The human race has a compelling need to belong – to find a sense of cultural and national ‘home’ (Kinefuchi, 2010). This sense of cultural belonging is fostered within one’s imagined national identity (Anderson, 1991), which is continually under mediated construction. As global diasporas push people across geographic borders, there is an increased dependency upon technology as a central conduit to connect individuals with their own sense of home and national identity. Within the context of a global media, national identity is not only constructed by one’s ‘home’ country, but also by a myriad of international media, all exerting ideological pressures on what it means to be from a particular part of the world. However, most research has examined mediated representations of national identity from only the host, or ‘home,’ country, which ignores the globalized mediated marketplace of information. Previous studies have also examined only one particular aspect of national identity, such as patriotism, and have widely assumed that identity creation must be based upon the exclusion of others. This study attempts to address these gaps in the academic literature by first reviewing the nexus of research examining journalism and national identity. This study will concentrate on the weight of research, which suggests that the exclusion/inclusion of others is central to the formation of a national identity in news content. Drawing from this review, this research will then truncate the exclusion/inclusion metanarrative research into four posited micronarratives. News content from Samoa, New Zealand and Australia will then be examined according to these micronarratives and discussed in relation to previous research that has examined national identity and journalism. This study does not aim to create an indigenous epistemological framework for deconstructing identity. However, this research will conclude by advocating a closer inspection of widely held Western conceptions of identity construction through media representation.
Immune reconstitution in human immunodefciency virus-positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy at an urban public sector district hospital

Immune reconstitution is measured by circulating CD4 T cells that follows a biphasic pattern. Not everyone who is on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) will attain immune reconstitution at the same rate, or to the same extent. This study aimed to describe the patterns of immune reconstitution in an urban public district hospital. A retrospective review of clinical files was performed on 354 patients who maintained virological suppression to 350 cells/ul. The CD4 count increased from a median baseline of 92 cells/ul to 429 cells/ul over the three-year period. The CD4 count increased by 184 cells/ul, 72 cells/ul and 62 cells/ul in the first, second and third years, respectively. At the last determination, 37.3% (132) had a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/ul and 6.8% (24) had a CD4 count < 200 cells/ul. Females had a statistically significant (p-value < 0.001) overall increase of 349 cells/ul, compared to the 273 cells/ul seen in males. Only 27.6% (53) of patients with a baseline CD4 cell count < 100 cells/ul were able to attain levels ≥ 500 cells/ul. Despite the good response to HAART, patients with a baseline CD4 cell count < 100 cells/ul were less likely to attain a normal CD4 count after three years of virological suppression on HAART than those with a higher baseline.
Stakeholder theory in perspective

Those who use stakeholder theory as a reference are both underlining the correlation between facts and a certain conceptualisation thereof (Section 1) and trying to make the necessary shift from a “panoptic” analysis akin to a panoramic vision of texts and positions (Section 2) to an “in-depth” one geared towards an understanding of their foundations (Section 3). As a “theory of organisations”, stakeholder theory helps to nourish a relational model of organisations by revisiting questions about “who” is actually working with (and in) the firm. Stakeholder theory is part of a comprehensive project that views the organisation-group relationship as both a foundation and a norm.
An Excursus on the Population Size-Crime Relationship

The purpose of this exercise is twofold. First, we seek to discern why macro-criminologists prefer to account for the effects of population size on crime through the process of deflation rather than by estimating the effects of population size, along with other predictors, on the number of crimes. Second, we seek to determine the relative efficacy of these competing methodologies for assessing the influence of population size on the level of crime among macro-social units. Our review of the relevant theoretical and empirical literature provides little, if any, rationale for the predilection for the analysis of crime rates in lieu of crime counts. However, our multivariate analyses reveal that while population size has no appreciable effect on violent and property crime rates, it is by far and away the single best predictor of violent and property crime counts. The implications of these findings for the population size-crime relationship are discussed.
Hypergraph polynomials and the Bernardi process

Recently O. Bernardi gave a formula for the Tutte polynomial $T(x,y)$ of a graph, based on spanning trees and activities just like the original definition, but using a fixed ribbon structure to order the set of edges in a different way for each tree. The interior polynomial $I$ is a generalization of $T(x,1)$ to hypergraphs. We supply a Bernardi-type description of $I$ using a ribbon structure on the underlying bipartite graph $G$. Our formula works because it is determined by the Ehrhart polynomial of the root polytope of $G$ in the same way as $I$ is. To prove this we interpret the Bernardi process as a way of dissecting the root polytope into simplices, along with a shelling order. We also show that our generalized Bernardi process gives a common extension of bijections (and their inverses) constructed by Baker and Wang between spanning trees and break divisors.
Evaluation of in vivo non-specific immunity and oxidative stress in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila as biomarker for early diagnosis

Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822, was challenged with asymptomatic dose of Aeromonas hydrophila to study innate immune responses. Significant (p > 0.01) alterations were observed in haematological, biochemical parameters viz. white and red blood cell counts, haemoglobin content, haematocrit, leucocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, dWBC % (neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocytes, monocytes), total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin : globulin ratio, glucose, calcium, bilirubin, alkaline and acid phosphatase activity in serum in treated and control fishes after 7 days exposure. ROS production increased significantly in exposed fishes along with increased SOD and Catalase activities. Aggregation of melanomacrophage centers and modifications were observed in the histopathology of liver. Annexin V/ PI study indicated higher percentage of apoptotic cells in liver of infected fishes. Re-isolation and detection of A. hydrophila was done by Duplex PCR. Potent exposure biomarkers have been successfully screened and can be used for the development of rapid diagnostic technique of A. hydrophila infection.
Reactive Oxygen Species Production During Non-Specific Elicitation , Non-Host Resistance And Field Resistance Expression In Cultured Tobacco Cells

We have examined the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the induction of cell death in tissue-cultured tobacco cells undergoing different disease resistance responses. A superoxide-dependent hypersensitive response (HR) occurs during both the race-specific resistance response of tobacco cells challenged with incompatible zoospores of Phytophthora nicotianae and during non-specific elicitation of tobacco cells challenged with Phytophthora glucan elicitors extracted from the fungal cell wall. Inhibition studies are consistent with dependence upon endogenous Ca levels and with the involvement of NAD(P)H oxidase and peroxidases in the production of ROS during both specific and non-specific elicitation. The patterns of resistance expression during non-host resistance or field resistance responses appear to be similar to race-specific resistance expression with regard to the timing and order of events, however the intensity of the response is very much reduced. In contrast, during nonspecific elicitation, these temporal patterns are significantly altered. The differences in the timing, intensity and extent of responses during different modes of disease resistance expression indicate that the stimulation of cultured plant cells with non-specific soluble fractions in order to model in planta events during plant/Oomycete and by implication, plant/fungal interactions, has significant limitations.
Gr upSM Role of Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a modality of dialysis in acute kidney injury (AKI) has markedly decreased with time mainly due to fears of its inadequacy. Yet PD has several advantages which could make it a better option in certain situations. Clinical situations where PD may be a preferred mode of initial dialysis and the role of PD in AKI is discussed and guidelines suggested on its use.
The Power of Communication

In this paper, I offer two ways in which firms can collude: secret monitoring and infrequent coordination. Such collusion is enforceable with intuitive communication protocols. I make my case in the context of a repeated Cournotoligopoly with flexible production, prices that follow a Brownian motion and no monetary side payments, an environment where it has previously been argued that any collusion is impossible. Trade associations can easily facilitate collusion by mediating communication amongst firms.
Dynamics of the Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Indian Ocean South Equatorial Current

The spatial and temporal features of intraseasonal oscillations in the southwestern Indian Ocean are studied by analyzing model simulations for the Indo-Pacific region. The intraseasonal oscillations have periods of 40–80 days with a wavelength of 650 km. They originate from the southeastern Indian Ocean and propagate westward as Rossby waves with a phase speed of 25 cm s 1 in boreal winter and spring. The baroclinic instability is the main driver for these intraseasonal oscillations. The first baroclinic mode dominates during most of the year, but during boreal winter and spring the second mode contributes significantly and often equally. Consequently, the intraseasonal oscillations are relatively strong in boreal winter and spring. Whether the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations are also important for forcing the oceanic intraseasonal oscillations in the southwestern Indian Ocean needs further investigation.
Modelling the chemical evolution of molecular clouds as a function of metallicity

The Galaxy is in continuous elemental evolution. Since new elements produced by dying stars are delivered to the interstellar medium, the formation of new enerations of stars and planetary systems is influenced by this metal enrichment. We aim to study the role of the metallicity on the gas phase chemistry of the interstellar medium. Using a system of coupled-ordinary differential equations to model the chemical reactions, we simulate the evolution of the abundance of molecules in the gas phase for different initial interstellar elemental compositions. These varying initial elemental compositions consider the change in the "elemental abundances" predicted by a self-consistent model of the elemental evolution of the Galaxy. As far as we are aware, this is the first attempt to combine elemental evolution of the Galaxy and chemical evolution of molecular clouds. The metallicity was found to have a strong effect on the overall gas phase composition. With decreasing metallicity, the number of long carbon chains was found to increase, the time-scale on which small molecular species are increases, and the main form of oxygen changed from O and CO to O2. These effects were found to be mainly due to the change in electron, H3+, and atomic oxygen abundance.
Edinburgh Research Explorer The Gaia-ESO Survey:

Context. A key science goal of the Gaia-ESO survey (GES) at the VLT is to use the kinematics of low-mass stars in young clusters and star forming regions to probe their dynamical histories and how they populate the ﬁeld as they become unbound. The clustering of low-mass stars around the massive Wolf-Rayet binary system γ 2 Velorum was one of the ﬁrst GES targets. Aims. To empirically determine the radial velocity precision of GES data, construct a kinematically unbiased sample of cluster members and characterise their dynamical state. Methods. Targets were selected from colour-magnitude diagrams and intermediate resolution spectroscopy was used to derive radial velocities and assess membership from the strength of the Li i 6708Å line. The radial velocity distribution was analysed using a maximum likelihood technique that accounts for unresolved binaries. Results. The GES radial velocity precision is about 0.25 kms − 1 and su ﬃ cient to resolve velocity structure in the low-mass population around γ 2 Vel. The structure is well ﬁtted by two kinematic components with roughly equal numbers of stars; the ﬁrst has an intrinsic dispersion of 0 . 34 ± 0 . 16 km s − 1 , consistent with virial equilibrium. The second has a broader dispersion of 1 . 60 ± 0 . 37 km s − 1 and is o ﬀ set from the ﬁrst by ≃ 2 km s − 1 . The ﬁrst population is older by 1–2 Myr based on a greater level of Li depletion seen among its M-type stars and is probably more centrally concentrated around γ 2 Vel. Conclusions. We consider several formation scenarios, concluding that the two kinematic components are a bound remnant of the original, denser cluster that formed γ 2 Vel, and a dispersed population from the wider Vela OB2 association, of which γ 2 Vel is the most massive member. The apparent youth of γ 2 Vel compared to the older ( ≥ 10 Myr) low-mass population surrounding it suggests a scenario in which the massive binary formed in a clustered environment after the formation of the bulk of the low-mass stars.
Methods of soil moisture maintenance for production of sunflower under controlled conditions

Soil water content is one of the most significant restriction factors for plant growth and development. This study focused on evaluating the methods of soil moisture maintenance during trials under controlled conditions by observing the morphological and structural characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The experiments were performed in a greenhouse using an Oxisol. Four types of soil moisture maintenance treatments were tested (tensiometer, Irrigas, gravimetric method and self-irrigation system) with eight repetitions, employing a completely randomized experimental design. The variables analyzed included plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, and dry mass of shoot. The self-irrigation system was found to be technically fitting to manage the irrigation throughout the growth and development period of sunflower. The gravimetric method enabled a higher accumulation of dry mass of shoot.
Effect of Poultry By-Product Meal on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fry

The effect of replacement of fish meal (FM) with graded level of poultry by-product meal (PBM) in diets on growth performance and fatty acid composition of carp fry (Cyprinus carpio) was examined in the experiment. Five isonitrogenous (34% crude protein), isolipidic (9% crude lipid) and isoenergetic (15.0 MJ/kg DE) experimental diets replacing 0 (control group), 25, 50, 75 and 100% of FM protein by PBM protein were formulated with lysine, methionine and threonine supplementation in order to balance the amino acid profiles of the experimental diets. Each diet was fed to twice daily to apparent satiation of groups of twenty fry (mean weight 0.39 g fish -1 ) stocked into 65L glass aquaria to maintain three replicates per treatment. At the end of the experiment, body weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio decreased with increased dietary replacement of FM with graded levels of PBM, while condition factor, hepatosomatic indices, viscerosomatic indices and whole body composition did not exhibit significant differences among the experimental groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences in total fatty acid composition of each experimental group. Values of Σn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and Σn-3/Σn-6 ratio in the muscle of fish decreased. No significant differences in saturated fatty acids values were observed in fish, while monounsaturated fatty acids values increased as the PBM level increased in the diet.