Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Violence toward health workers in Bahrain Defense Force Royal Medical Services’ emergency department

Background Employees working in emergency departments (EDs) in hospital settings are disproportionately affected by workplace violence as compared to those working in other departments. Such violence results in minor or major injury to these workers. In other cases, it leads to physical disability, reduced job performance, and eventually a nonconducive working environment for these workers. Materials and methods A cross-sectional exploratory questionnaire was used to collect data used for the examination of the incidents of violence in the workplace. This study was carried out at the ED of the Bahrain Defense Force (BDF) Hospital. Participants for the study were drawn from nurses, support staff, and emergency physicians. Both male and female workers were surveyed. Results The study included responses from 100 staff in the ED of the BDF Hospital in Bahrain (doctors, nurses, and support personnel). The most experienced type of violence in the workers in the past 12 months in this study was verbal abuse, which was experienced by 78% of the participants, which was followed by physical abuse (11%) and then sexual abuse (3%). Many cases of violence against ED workers occurred during night shifts (53%), while physical abuse was reported to occur during all the shifts; 40% of the staff in the ED of the hospital were not aware of the policies against workplace violence, and 26% of the staff considered leaving their jobs at the hospital. Conclusion This study reported multiple findings on the number of workplace violence incidents, as well as the characteristics and factors associated with violence exposure in ED staff in Bahrain. The results clearly demonstrate the importance of addressing the issue of workplace violence in EDs in Bahrain and can be used to demonstrate the strong need for interventions.
Stem-cell-based Tissue Engineering of Murine Teeth

Teeth develop from reciprocal interactions between mesenchyme cells and epithelium, where the epithelium provides the instructive information for initiation. Based on these initial tissue interactions, we have replaced the mesenchyme cells with mesenchyme created by aggregation of cultured non-dental stem cells in mice. Recombinations between non-dental cell-derived mesenchyme and embryonic oral epithelium stimulate an odontogenic response in the stem cells. Embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, and adult bone-marrow-derived cells all responded by expressing odontogenic genes. Transfer of recombinations into adult renal capsules resulted in the development of tooth structures and associated bone. Moreover, transfer of embryonic tooth primordia into the adult jaw resulted in development of tooth structures, showing that an embryonic primordium can develop in its adult environment. These results thus provide a significant advance toward the creation of artificial embryonic tooth primordia from cultured cells that can be used to replace missing teeth following transplantation into the adult mouth.
Supplemental Table S 1 : Primers used for full -‐ length cDNA isolation , qRT -‐ PCR and pESC -‐ Leu 2 d modification

Running Head: Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Thuja plicata 1 2 Corresponding Author: Dr. Jörg Bohlmann 3 Michael Smith Laboratories 4 University of British Columbia 5 2185 East Mall 6 Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada 7 Phone: 1 604 822 0282 8 Fax: 1 604 822 2114 9 E-mail: bohlmann@msl.ubc. ca 10 11 12 Research Area: Biochemistry and Metabolism 13 14 15 Plant Physiology Preview. Published on March 31, 2015, as DOI:10.1104/pp.15. 00315
Identity Distress Among Youth Exposed to Natural Disasters: Associations with Level of Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress, and Internalizing Problems

Identity distress involves intense or prolonged upset or worry about personal identity issues including long-term goals, career choice, friendships, sexual orientation and behavior, religion, values and beliefs, and group loyalties. Research suggests that trauma exposure and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may negatively affect identity development and psychological adjustment. However, little is known about their specific associations with identity distress and internalizing problems among disaster-exposed adolescents. This study aimed to examine these associations in a sample of 325 adolescents (60% female; 89% African American) who experienced a major natural disaster and its aftermath. The results indicated that identity distress was positively associated with age, hurricane exposure, PTSD symptoms, and internalizing problems. Linear regression analyses also showed that identity distress was uniquely associated with internalizing symptoms and that there was an indirect effect of hurricane exposure on identity distress via PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms moderated the link between identity distress and internalizing symptoms, with a significant positive slope found for youth with more PTSD symptoms. Findings were generally consistent with previous work and predictions, and they add to the extant knowledge about identity distress by providing data on the linkages among disaster exposure, posttraumatic stress, and internalizing problems in adolescents.
Elevated blood pressure and angiotensin II are associated with accelerated loss of renal function in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy constitutes a public health problem of major proportions. Careful blood sugar control in patients with diabetes has failed to achieve significant reduction in the microangiopathic complications of diabetes, namely, renal failure and blindness. Most effort has been directed toward reducing complications of Type 1 diabetes by careful blood sugar control. Results have been, for the most part unimpressive and inconclusive, both with standard methods of insulin administration and with constant infusion of insulin subcutaneously through a portable, wearable infusion pump (1-8). Indeed some have reported that those individuals receiving the most insulin appear to exhibit worsening of vascular lesions. Both Pulkin (6) and Tamborlane (7) reported failure to improve either nephropathy or retinopathy with this type of careful management in Type 1 diabetes and concluded that the approach was without benefit for improvement either in renal function or in other microvascular complications. Although Type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been studied with equal intensity, the recent report of the University Group Diabetes Program notes disappointing results (2). Their data revealed that the group of Type 2 diabetic subjects exhibiting excellent control of blood glucose in the most carefully managed subset of their cohort provided no evidence of detectable reduction in frequency or severity of vascular complications (2). This lack of progress in influencing microangiopathic complications by careful control of blood sugar emphasizes the need to examine other potential risk factors carefully. Numerous investigators have reported that hypertension in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Mogensen (9) has also shown that reduction of blood pressure in insulin dependent diabetes decreases the rate of loss of renal function. The importance of defining the role of hypertension in accelerating renal
Los museos interactivos de ciencias como recurso didáctico en la formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Primaria

La escuela del siglo XXI necesita integrar los contextos no formales de aprendizaje desde las primeras etapas, de forma que se vayan enriqueciendo los contenidos escolares con aspectos concretos de la vida cotidiana. En este trabajo de tesis doctoral se intenta disenar y desarrollar puentes entre esos dos ambientes, en concreto se pretende mejorar el aprendizaje de las ciencias integrando en la programacion de aula una visita a un centro interactivo de ciencia. En primer lugar, se investigan las creencias y comportamientos del profesorado de Educacion Primaria y Secundaria cuando visita un centro de esas caracteristicas, llegando a la conclusion de que organizan la visita con sus estudiantes con una finalidad principalmente ludica, sin preparar actividades complementarias y sin utilizar los recursos que el museo pone a su alcance. A la vista de este resultado, pensamos que una posibilidad para obtener una mayor eficacia en dichas visitas era animar e implicar al profesorado a utilizar el tipo de estrategias que senala la investigacion en el area. Para ello, hemos desarrollado un marco teorico, Visitas centradas en el aprendizaje, que nos ha servido para disenar una unidad didactica; esta UD centrada en la visita al KutxaEspacio de la Ciencia de San Sebastian- se ha implementado en el aula, con alumnos y alumnas de 2o curso de Magisterio (especialidad Ed. Primaria), obteniendose unos resultados altamente satisfactorios. Al tiempo que han evolucionado sus concepciones acerca de la forma de preparar la visitas a un museo o centro de ciencias, ha mejorado tambien la comprension de los contenidos cientificos implicados, en este caso, el modelo de fuerza como interaccion.
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 pathology in Alzheimer's disease with psychosis

ABSTRACT Background: TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been identified as a major disease protein in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. More recently, TDP-43 proteinopathy has also been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a characteristic distribution of TDP-43 predominantly in the mesial temporal lobe, and to a lesser degree in the neocortical areas. AD subjects with psychotic symptoms (AD+P) represent a subgroup characterized by greater impairment of frontal cortex-dependent cognitive functions and more severe frontal cortical neuropathology. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is an association between TDP-43 pathology and AD+P. We hypothesized that TDP-43 pathology would be more frequent in AD+P than in AD without psychosis. Methods: We studied the presence and distribution of TDP-43 pathology by immunohistochemistry in the dentate gyrus (DG) and prefrontal cortex (FC) of postmortem brain specimens from 68 subjects with a primary neuropathologic diagnosis of AD as determined by the Neuropathology Core of the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Results: Forty-five (66%) subjects were classified as AD+P. Fourteen (20.6%) subjects had TDP-43 pathology in DG, eight (11.8%) had TDP-43 pathology in FC, and six (8.8%) had TDP-43 pathology in both regions. TDP-43 in DG was not significantly associated with AD+P. However, TDP-43 in FC demonstrated a trend toward reduced likelihood of psychosis (p = 0.068). TDP-43 pathology in DG, but not FC, was significantly associated with greater age at death and longer duration of illness. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there was no association between concomitant TDP-43 pathology in DG or FC and AD+P.
Characterising ontogenetic niche shifts in Nile crocodile using stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) analyses of scute keratin

Nile crocodiles undergo a three to five order of magnitude increase in body size during their lifespan. This shift coincides with a change in resource and habitat use which influences the strength, type and symmetry of interactions with other species. Identifying size-specific crocodile groups displaying similar traits is important for conservation planning. Here, we illustrate how stable carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotope analysis of scute keratin, together with breakpoint modelling analysis can be used to characterise ontogenetic niche shifts. Using a sample set of 238 crocodiles from the Okavango Delta, Botswana (35–463 cm total length), we found prominent size-related changes in the scute keratin δ13 C and δ15 N profiles close to 40 and 119 cm snout-vent length. The first shift corroborated the findings of a traditional stomach-content study conducted on the same population at the same time, and the second conformed to known crocodile ecology. This approach can be used as a first approximation to identify size-specific groups within crocodile populations, and these can then be investigated further using isotopic or other methods.
Testing for substance use in trauma patients: are we doing enough?

HYPOTHESIS Only a fraction of trauma patients are being tested for substance use, and the proportion of those tested may have decreased over time. DESIGN Retrospective review of longitudinal data. SETTING National Trauma Data Bank. PATIENTS Individuals aged 15 to 50 years admitted with injuries from 1998 to 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes of interest are the incidence of drug and alcohol testing and the results of these tests. The primary exposure of interest is year of admission. RESULTS Half of patients admitted with injuries are being tested for alcohol use, and half of these patients have positive test results. Only 36.3% of patients admitted with injuries are tested for drug use, and 46.5% of these patients have positive test results. There have been no significant trends for either alcohol testing or results in the past 6 years. Compared with 1998, patients are significantly less likely to be tested for drugs, but more likely to have positive test results. CONCLUSIONS Only a small proportion of patients who are admitted with injuries are tested for substance use. The proportion of patients tested for drugs has decreased significantly during the past 6 years. Routine testing would maximize identification of patients who may benefit from interventions. Several obstacles exist to routine screening, including legal and physician-related barriers. Future efforts to facilitate routine testing of trauma patients for substance use should concentrate on protecting patient confidentiality and educating physicians on the techniques and benefits of brief interventions.
KANDOR — Knowledge Analysis of Neighborhood Dynamics and Online Relationships

With the emergence of smartphones and location-based social networks, a large amount of user-generated data has become available to better understand city dynamics and help urban planning. While most of the related works choose to focus on specific dimensions of the data, the proposed models aim to benefit from the extent of the information existing in social platforms. Thus, this paper explores the full potential of social media data and proposes novel clustering models for retrieving information about city dynamics and urban characterization by incorporating new dimensions to state of the art algorithms. Aspects such as venue rating, entropy and popularity may lead to new and more complete understanding of activities and trends in a city. Preliminary experiments show that it is possible to aggregate a large diversity of information from different social networks, and generate different and complementary visualizations of the city. Moreover, by applying these methods to urban environments, governments and citizens can better understand and build better sustainable cities together.
Exclusion As Self-Protection

Three studies examined the consequences of subtyping ingroup members for evaluations of the self. The first study examined the impact of subtyping high-performing or low-performing ingroup members on self-evaluations. Study 2 employed an alternative manipulation of subtyping. Given the observed benefits of subtyping low-performing ingroup members for the group and the benefits of subtyping high-performing ingroup members for the self, Study 3 investigated participants’ subtyping target selection (i.e., high-performing vs. low-performing ingroup members) when the focus of the sorting task was on self-evaluations or group evaluations. In sum, these studies suggest that subtyping ingroup members can serve a self-protective function.
Reduced nitrogen dominated nitrogen deposition in the United States, but its contribution to nitrogen deposition in China decreased

Recently, Li et al. (1) report that reduced nitrogen (N) dominated both wet and dry deposition of inorganic N, following long-term N oxides (NO x ) emission controls introduced in 1990. They systematically compare wet deposition of inorganic N, measured by the US National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) between 1990–1992 and 2010–2012, and calculate N dry deposition from measurements of concentrations made by Clean Air Status and Trends Network, NADP Ammonia Monitoring Network, and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments NH x in 2011–2013. Their results show the transition from oxidized N-dominated wet deposition in the early 1990s to reduced N-dominated wet deposition in the early 2010s. According to their analysis (1), this transition reflects increases in agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions and … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: liu310{at}cau.edu. cn. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Device and circuit simulation interface for an integrated VLSI design environment

MOSGEN, a program that provides efficient interface between the device simulator, PISCES and the circuit simulator SPICE, is described. Algorithms to generate parameters for SPICE built-in MOS transistor models have been developed and incorporated into MOSGEN. Only six PISCES simulation results are required to generate a complete set of SPICE parameters. This interface program, together with SUPREM, PISCES, and SPICE, form an integrated simulation environment for VLSI design. Such an integrated simulation environment facilitates the designers to examine just how a microscopic fabrication variable, such as implantation dose, affects final device and circuit performance as well as product yield. >
Synergistic interactions of various doses of diethylstilbestrol and x-irradiation on mammary neoplasia in female ACI rats.

Abstract The intent of this study was to investigate the relationship between diethylstilbestrol (DES) dose and its synergistic interaction with X-irradiation for mammary carcinogenesis in ACI rats. In addition, the role of prolactin in this synergism was studied. Ten groups of approximately 25 female ACI rats, 84 to 91 days of age, were implanted s.c. with a compressed 20-mg pellet containing either 5, 1.67, 0.56, 0.19, or 0 mg of DES combined with cholesterol. Two days later, one group at each dose level was exposed (whole body) to 150 R of 250 kVp X-radiation. Plasma prolactin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay on samples taken at approximately 100-day intervals. The experiment was terminated 659 days after pellet implantation. Three basic types of mammary neoplasms were found: individual mammary adenocarcinoma (MAC); multiple mammary adenocarcinoma (MMAC) consisting of four or more MAC9s within a single quadrant of breast tissue; and mammary fibroadenoma. Increasing the dose of DES (with or without irradiation) increased the number of rats with a MAC (incidence) and the number of MAC9s per rat while also decreasing the mean time of appearance of all MAC9s. MMAC9s were found only in rats treated with the two highest doses of DES (with or without irradiation), and this response appeared to be DES dose dependent. Combining irradiation with DES treatment (except at the lowest DES dose) produced a synergistic increase in the MAC and MMAC incidence and the number of MAC9s and MMAC9s per rat and decreased the time of appearance of all MAC9s. Rats receiving only X-irradiation had only a few late-appearing MAC9s. No MAC9s were seen in the cholesterol control group. Fibroadenomas were very late-occurring tumors, and their time of appearance did not appear to be DES dose dependent (with or without irradiation). Almost all the rats in the three highest-dose groups had pituitary tumors, while in all other groups only about one-half of the animals had these tumors. There appeared to be a definite relationship between the dose of DES and both the initiation and the degree of plasma prolactin elevation for all DES doses except the lowest. These data suggest that in female ACI rats, MAC induction by DES alone or by the synergistic interaction of DES and X-irradiation is highly DES dose dependent. This DES dose dependence appears to be mediated via an estrogenic stimulation of prolactin secretion, since the higher and the earlier that prolactin was elevated the greater were the MAC and MMAC responses.
Timing of Specimen Collection for Blood Cultures from Febrile Patients with Bacteremia

ABSTRACT Bloodstream infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Physician orders for blood cultures often specify that blood specimens be collected at or around the time of a temperature elevation, presumably as a means of enhancing the likelihood of detecting significant bacteremia. In a multicenter study, which utilized retrospective patient chart reviews as a means of collecting data, we evaluated the timing of blood culture collection in relation to temperature elevations in 1,436 patients with bacteremia and fungemia. The likelihood of documenting bloodstream infections was not significantly enhanced by collecting blood specimens for culture at the time that patients experienced temperature spikes. A subset analysis based on patient age, gender, white blood cell count and specific cause of bacteremia generally also failed to reveal any associations.
A critique of Determinants of Emotional State by Schachter and Singer (1962).

The paper by Schachter and Singer (1962) on “determinants of emotional state” is criticized on the grounds that (a) levels of arousal were not the same for the different conditions compared; (b) the placebo groups were consistently not significantly different from the control groups on the various measures of emotional states; (c) the self-report indices were inadequate as measuring instruments; (d) a double-blind procedure was not used; and (e) there is a marked overgeneralization on the basis of very limited samplings of conditions, emotions, arousal states and types of subjects.
Altered antibody response to influenza H1N1 vaccine in healthy elderly people as determined by HI, ELISA, and neutralization assay

To determine the influence of ageing per se as well as of priming histories on the antibody response to influenza vaccination, haemagglutination inhibition (HI), ELISA IgG, IgA, IgM and neutralizing antibody titres were studied in 43 healthy young subjects (mean age 23 years) and 55 healthy elderly people (mean age 79 years). The HI and ELISA IgG responses to the A/Guizhou/54/89 strain (H3N2) for which both the young and the elderly had similar priming histories were equal. By contrast, the HI and IgG responses to A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1), where the priming histories were different, were lower in the elderly (P < 0.05). Influenza‐specific IgA responses in the elderly tended to be higher for all vaccine strains. Influenza‐specific postvaccination IgM titres were similar or tended to be higher in the elderly. A subgroup of elderly subjects (18%) who did not express HI activity to the A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1) vaccine strain, reacted in the HI assay with the closely related A/Singapore/6/86 (H1N1) strain. These elderly people, however, produced IgG antibodies which neutralized A/Taiwan/1/86 virus in vitro. It is concluded that the elderly are capable of mounting antibody responses similar to those observed in the young. Moreover, the observed age‐related differences in antibody responses to H1N1 strains are probably not due to ageing of the immune system itself, but are determined by differences in priming histories. J. Med. Virol. 55:82–87, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.