Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scholarly use of internet-based electronic resources

The purpose of this study is to construct a baseline of scholarly use of internet-based electronic resources (e-sources) by surveying a group of library and information science (LIS) scholars. Results reported here include researchers' demographic information, frequency of use of various Internet tools and resources, ways of accessing various Internet tools and applications, strategies of locating e-sources for research, opinions on citing e-sources, evaluation of e-sources, and suggestions for improving scholars' use of e-sources for research.
Pointing to the minimum scatter: the generalized scaling relations for galaxy clusters

We introduce a generalized scaling law, Mtot = 10 K A a B b , to look for the minimum scatter in reconstructing the total mass of hydrodynamically simulated X-ray galaxy clusters, given gas mass Mgas, luminosity L and temperature T. We find a locus in the plane of the logarithmic slopes a and b of the scaling relations where the scatter in mass is minimized. This locus corresponds to bM =− 3/2aM + 3/2 and bL =− 2aL + 3/2 for A = Mgas and L, respectively, and B = T. Along these axes, all the known scaling relations can be identified (at different levels of scatter), plus a new one defined as Mtot ∝ (LT) 1/2 . Simple formula to evaluate the expected evolution with redshift in the self-similar scenario is provided. In this scenario, no evolution of the scaling relations is predicted for the cases (bM = 0, aM = 1) and (bL = 7/2, aL =− 1), respectively. Once the single quantities are normalized to the average values of the sample under considerations, the normalizations K corresponding to the region with minimum scatter are very close to zero. The combination of these relations allows one to reduce the number of free parameters of the fitting function that relates X-ray observables to the total mass and includes the self-similar redshift evolution.
Orthotopic tracheal transplantation using human bronchus: an original xenotransplant model of obliterative airway disorder

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a main cause of allograft dysfunction and mortality after lung transplantation (LTx). A better understanding of BOS pathogenesis is needed to overcome this treatment‐refractory complication. Orthotopic tracheal transplantation using human bronchus was performed in Brown Norway (BN) and nude (RNU) rats. Allografts were recovered in both strains at Day 7 (BN7, n = 6; RNU7, n = 7) or Day 28 (BN28, n = 6; RNU28, n = 6). Immune response of the host against the bronchial graft was assessed. Human samples from BOS patients were used to compare with the histological features of the animal model. Obstruction of the allograft lumen associated with significant infiltration of CD3+ and CD68+ cells was observed in the BN group on Day 28. Immune response from type 1 T‐helper cells against the tracheal xenograft was higher in BN animals compared to nude animals on Days 7 and 28 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.035). Xenoreactive antibodies were significantly higher at Day 7 (IgM) and Day 28 (IgG) in the BN group compared to RNU (respectively, 37.6 ± 6.5 vs. 5.8 ± 0.7 mean fluorescence, P = 0.039; and 22.4 ± 3.8 vs. 6.9 ± 1.6 mean fluorescence, P = 0.011). Immunocompetent animals showed a higher infiltration of S100A4+ cells inside the bronchial wall after 28 days, associated with cartilage damage ranging from invasion to complete destruction. In vitro expression of S100A4 by human fibroblasts was higher when stimulated by mononuclear cells (MNCs) from BN rats than from RNU (2.9 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 mean fluorescence intensity, P = 0.005). Similarly, S100A4 was highly expressed in response to human MNCs compared to stimulation by T‐cell‐depleted human MNCs (4.3 ± 0.2 vs. 2.7 ± 0.1 mean fluorescence intensity, P < 0.001). Obliterative bronchiolitis has been induced in a new xenotransplant model in which chronic airway obstruction was associated with immune activation against the xenograft. Cartilage infiltration by S100A4+ cells might be stimulated by T cells.
Availability of brain serotonin transporters in patients with restless legs syndrome

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been associated with the risk of restless legs syndrome (RLS), suggesting that dysregulation of serotonergic neurotransmission may provoke or exacerbate RLS. Methods: We compared the availability of serotonin transporter (SERT) between 16 drug-naïve patients with RLS and 16 healthy controls. SERT was measured in the pons and medulla via [123I]-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) tropane (β-CIT) SPECT. A ratio of specific to nonspecific brain uptake (V3″) was used for all comparisons. RLS was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by the National Institute of Health, and its severity was measured using the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) Severity Scale. Results: The availability of SERT was similar in the RLS group and the control group with regards to the pons (1.24 ± 0.31 vs 1.24 ± 0.25, p > 0.1) and the medulla (0.99 ± 0.25 vs 1.00 ± 0.23, p > 0.1). However, IRLSSG Severity Scale scores increased with decrease of SERT availability in both the pons (β = −0.50, t = −3.19, p = 0.009) and the medulla (β = −0.42, t = −2.44, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Although serotonin transporter (SERT) availability in pons and medulla was similar in the restless legs syndrome (RLS) group and the control group, the severity of RLS symptoms increased as the availability of SERT decreased. These data partially support the hypothesis that an increase of serotonergic neurotransmission in the brainstem may exacerbate RLS, possibly via dual modulations on striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission and on the activities of spinal motor and sensory neurons.
Automated Verification and Tightening of Failure Propagation Models

Timed Failure Propagation Graphs (TFPGs) are used in the design of safety-critical systems as a way of modeling failure propagation, and to evaluate and implement diagnostic systems. TFPGs are a very rich formalism: they allow to model Boolean combinations of faults and events, also dependent on the operational modes of the system and quantitative delays between them. TFPGs are often produced manually, from a given dynamic system of greater complexity, as abstract representations of the system behavior under specific faulty conditions. In this paper we tackle two key difficulties in this process: first, how to make sure that no important behavior of the system is overlooked in the TFPG, and that no spurious, non-existent behavior is introduced; second, how to devise the correct values for the delays between events. We propose a model checking approach to automatically validate the completeness and tightness of a TFPG for a given infinite-state dynamic system, and a procedure for the automated synthesis of the delay parameters. The proposed approach is evaluated on a number of synthetic and industrial benchmarks.
Defect investigation of excimer laser annealed silicon

In this paper, we study the effect of excimer laser annealing on silicon and specifically the oxygen impurities induced versus laser energy density. We show that oxygen penetration from the native oxide occurs during laser annealing, which increases with increasing laser energy. At higher laser energies, oxygen precipitation occurs well below the surface, which is confirmed both by SIMS and optical spectroscopy analyses. The precipitates do not affect the dopant activation in the epitaxial layer.
Root Architecture Responses: In Search of Phosphate1

Root development alters in response to phosphate availability, which affects the production of cluster roots in a limited number of species. Soil phosphate represents the only source of phosphorus for plants and, consequently, is its entry into the trophic chain. This major component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and energy currency of the cell (ATP) can limit plant growth because of its low mobility in soil. As a result, root responses to low phosphate favor the exploration of the shallower part of the soil, where phosphate tends to be more abundant, a strategy described as topsoil foraging. We will review the diverse developmental strategies that can be observed among plants by detailing the effect of phosphate deficiency on primary and lateral roots. We also discuss the formation of cluster roots: an advanced adaptive strategy to cope with low phosphate availability observed in a limited number of species. Finally, we will put this work into perspective for future research directions.
Preschoolers, Parents, and Teachers (PPT): A Preventive Intervention with an At Risk Population

Abstract The importance of early intervention with children who are at risk for mental health problems is widely recognized. Relationships with significant adults (parents, other caregivers, and teachers) are critically important in young children’s lives and can make a tremendous difference in the trajectory of a child’s future. This study utilized a waiting-control group design to examine the effects on student behavior and parent stress of play-based interventions designed to improve the relationships between parents and their children (i.e., Filial Therapy), and teachers and their students (i.e., Kinder Training). To incorporate the benefits of group work, the eight-week intervention was delivered to parents in a small-group format. Teachers participated in a one-day group training with weekly coaching and dyadic consultation for on-going support. Results at post-intervention indicated that teachers perceived children in the intervention group to exhibit significantly less problem behavior than students in the waiting-control group. Although results suggest that the intervention had no demonstrable effect on parent stress, qualitative results indicate otherwise. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Quantification of droplet deformation by electromagnetic trapping

A tightly focused laser beam exerting a trapping force on an object also exerts deformation forces on the object. If the object is relatively easy to deform, as is, e.g., a low surface tension droplet, the resulting deformation is easily detectable even at moderate laser powers. The observed deformation is analytically explained by a model, which quantitatively predicts the deformation of any micron-sized drop where the only restoring force is the surface tension. Theoretical tools are also provided to include the effect of elasticity of the shell and bulk of the trapped object, this being particularly important for deformations of cells. This deformation effect of electromagnetic radiation is important to consider while trapping soft materials and it can be used to determine physical characteristics of soft materials.
Homozygous Deletions of the CDKN2C/p 18INK4C Gene on the Short Arm of Chromosome 1 in Anaplastic Oligodendrogliomas

Allelic deletions of the short arm of chromosome 1 are common in oligodendrogliomas and have been correlated with chemosensitivity and better prognosis in patients with high‐grade oligodendrogliomas. In these tumors, 1p loss is also inversely related to deletions of the CDKN2A gene on 9p, which encodes the key cell cycle regulatory molecule p16INK4A. Because the CDKN2C gene, which encodes the homologous p18INK4C cell cycle regulatory protein, maps to chromosomal band 1p32, CDKN2C is an attractive candidate for the oligodendroglioma suppressor gene on chromosome 1. To evaluate this possibility, we studied 39 high‐grade oligodendrogliomas for homozygous deletions and point mutations of the CDKN2C gene, as well as for allelic loss of 1p. Although no mutations were detected in the CDKN2C coding region, two tumors had homozygous deletions that involved CDKN2C. Interestingly, these cases did not have CDKN2A gene deletions. Coupled with the recent report of rare point mutations of CDKN2C in oligodendrogliomas, these findings suggest that CDKN2C inactivation may be oncogenic in a small percentage of human oligodendrogliomas.
The Rainfall Annual Cycle Bias over East Africa in CMIP5 Coupled Climate Models

AbstractEast Africa has two rainy seasons: the long rains [March–May (MAM)] and the short rains [October–December (OND)]. Most CMIP3/5 coupled models overestimate the short rains while underestimating the long rains. In this study, the East African rainfall bias is investigated by comparing the coupled historical simulations from CMIP5 to the corresponding SST-forced AMIP simulations. Much of the investigation is focused on the MRI-CGCM3 model, which successfully reproduces the observed rainfall annual cycle in East Africa in the AMIP experiment but its coupled historical simulation has a similar but stronger bias as the coupled multimodel mean. The historical–AMIP monthly climatology rainfall bias in East Africa can be explained by the bias in the convective instability (CI), which is dominated by the near-surface moisture static energy (MSE) and ultimately by the MSE’s moisture component. The near-surface MSE bias is modulated by the sea surface temperature (SST) over the western Indian Ocean. The warm .
Disposition of Chiral and Racemic Fluoxetine and Norfluoxetine Across Childbearing

Objective: To add to the limited data on the clinical pharmacology of antidepressants during pregnancy, we examined the dose-corrected chiral and racemic levels (level/dose) of fluoxetine (FLX) and norfluoxetine (NorFLX) during pregnancy and early postpartum. Methods: The authors evaluated 17 pregnant women who received fluoxetine therapy. Doses were recorded weekly across gestation and postpartum. At 20, 30, and 36 weeks of gestation, during delivery, and 12 weeks after delivery, the depression level was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D), and plasma samples were analyzed for levels of S- and R-FLX and S- and R-NorFLX. Results: The mean ratios of the chiral parent drug (S-FLX + R-FLX) to metabolite levels (S-NorFLX + R-NorFLX) decreased across pregnancy. The differences were significant between 20-36 weeks and 30-36 weeks. After delivery, the mean dose-corrected level of the active moiety S-FLX and the mean ratio of the chiral parent drug (S-FLX + R-FLX) to metabolite level (S-NorFLX + R-NorFLX) significantly increased between delivery and 12 weeks postpartum. Most of the fluoxetine-treated subjects experienced remitted depressive episodes and euthymic mood levels during pregnancy and postpartum. Conclusions: The findings extend earlier reports of increased antidepressant metabolism during pregnancy and refractory metabolism after delivery. These data may inform treatment decisions related to dosing in patients who receive fluoxetine during pregnancy.
Both Gimap5 and the diabetogenic BBDP allele of Gimap5 induce apoptosis in T cells.

Gimap5, a member of the GTPase of the immunity-associated protein family (Gimap), regulates T cell survival. A strong indication of this is found in the diabetes-prone BioBreeding rat (BBDP), where a frameshift mutation in Gimap5 results in T-cell lymphopenia. We have investigated the function of human Gimap5 in T cells. We found that reduction of Gimap5 by RNA interference in Jurkat cells did not affect the number of apoptotic cells whereas transient over-expression of Gimap5 resulted in a major increase in the number of apoptotic cells. The same effect of over-expression was found in naive human T cells purified from blood but not in activated human T cells. This suggests that the apoptosis-inducing effect of Gimap5 over-expression is dependent on the activation status of the cells. Since the apoptosis-inducing effect of Gimap5 was contrary to the expected function of Gimap5 based on the phenotype of BBDP rats, we over-expressed rat wt Gimap5 and Gimap5 with the mutation found in BBDP (Gimap5-lyp). Both versions of rat Gimap5 induced apoptosis when expressed in the rat T-cell line C58(NT)D.1. G.OVAR. 1, however, Gimap5-lyp greatly exacerbated cell death. Finally, we detected the subcellular localization of Gimap5 to be at the endoplasmic reticulum and by quantitative PCR, we found that endogenous Gimap5 mRNA is up-regulated in activated T cells.
Communication, trust, and making choices: advance care planning four years on.

CONTEXT: Family members often lack the knowledge of patients' values and preferences needed to function well as surrogate decision-makers. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether differences in values and preferences for the advance care planning process may be reasons family members are inadequately informed to act as surrogates. DESIGN: Face-to-face and telephone surveys using structured questionnaires. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty-two pairs of dialysis patients and their designated surrogates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Content and number of end-of-life care discussions; patient and surrogate attitudes toward having patients express preferences explicitly; factors most important to surrogates in decision making; and within-pair agreement about the values of suffering and certainty. RESULTS: Ninety percent of patients designated a family member as their surrogate. In most cases, having more conversations about end-of-life issues did not increase surrogate knowledge of patients' values or preferences. Surrogates wanted written and oral instructions more often than patients wanted to provide them (62% vs. 39%, p < 0.001). Knowing the patient's wish to stop treatment in the present condition was more important to most surrogates than the physician's recommendation to stop treatment (62% vs. 45%, p < 0.001). Compared to patients, surrogates were less likely to want to prolong the patient's life if it entailed suffering (12% vs. 23%, p < 0.01) and were more concerned about being certain before stopping life-sustaining treatments (85% vs. 77%, p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in preferences for the advance care planning process between patients and their surrogates and failure to discuss specific end-of-life values and preferences may explain why surrogates often lack information needed to serve as surrogate decision-makers.
Early Onset Neonatal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Infection: Associated Obstetric Risk Factors

Summary: : An analysis of all early onset neonatal Group B streptococcal (GBS) infections at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne was made for the 10‐year period 1979–1988. There were 104 cases with 29 neonatal deaths (28%). One or more predisposing perinatal risk factors was evident in 82% of cases (premature labour 79%, prolonged membrane rupture (> 12 hours) 57%, premature rupture of the membranes 69%, maternal sepsis 29%). Overall, 88% of GBS infections were evident within 24 hours of birth, suggesting an intrapartum pathogenesis for infection.
The Moderating Role of Attachment Anxiety on Social Network Site Use Intensity and Social Capital

This study examined the moderating role of attachment anxiety on the relationship between intensity of social network site use and bridging, bonding, and maintained social capital. Data from 322 undergraduate Chinese students were collected. Hierarchical regression analyses showed positive relationships between online intensity of social network site use and the three types of social capital. Moreover, attachment anxiety moderated the effect of intensity of social network site use on social capital. Specifically, for students with lower attachment anxiety, the relationships between intensity of social network site use and bonding and bridging social capital were stronger than those with higher attachment anxiety. The result suggested that social network sites cannot improve highly anxiously attached individuals' social capital effectively; they may need more face-to-face communications.
An Interaction between Kynurenine and the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Can Generate Regulatory T Cells

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been known to cause immunosuppression after binding dioxin. It has recently been discovered that the receptor may be central to T cell differentiation into FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) versus Th17 cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that kynurenine, the first breakdown product in the IDO-dependent tryptophan degradation pathway, activates the AHR. We furthermore show that this activation leads to AHR-dependent Treg generation. We additionally investigate the dependence of TGF-β on the AHR for optimal Treg generation, which may be secondary to the upregulation of this receptor that is seen in T cells postexposure to TGF-β. These results shed light on the relationship of IDO to the generation of Tregs, in addition to highlighting the central importance of the AHR in T cell differentiation. All tissues and cells were derived from mice.
Quality improvement and performance improvement: different means to the same end?

This article describes some of the similarities and differences between the performance improvement (PI) and quality improvement (QI) methodologies limiting the discussion to the application of QI and PI in international health care. It notes that although both QI and PI take a system’s view a noticeable difference between them is that PI places more emphasis upon human performance while QI focuses on processes. Another significant difference between these methodologies is that PI is usually led by a specialized practitioner while quality assurance (QA)/QI have always been intended to be managed by the health program staff itself. Teams use the QI process to decide what they want to improve while PI does not emphasize the use of teams. On the other hand PI is often initiated at a clients request and directed by a PI practitioner while teams are formed to design and implement interventions. In addition PI is more inclined than QI to consider human resource (HR)-related causes and solutions. Despite such differences there is increasing evidence of common ground between QI and PI: QA/QI is developing and testing HR-type interventions while PI is identifying systemic causes such as lack of systematic monitoring and evaluation.
Theoretical Perspectives of Postpartum Depression and Their Treatment Implications

Approximately 13% of new mothers experience postpartum depression. This crippling mood disorder wreaks havoc not only on the mothers themselves but also on their entire families. Between 25% and 50% of mothers with postpartum depression have episodes lasting 6 months or longer. The most significant factor in the duration of the postpartum depression is the length of delay to adequate treatment. The purpose of this article is to describe five different theoretical perspectives of postpartum depression and the interventions for treatment derived from each: the medical model, feminist theory, attachment theory, interpersonal theory, and self-labeling theory. Crucial to clinicians’ choice of treatment of postpartum depression is the theoretical lens they use to view this devastating mood disorder. Nursing implications derived from these theoretical perspectives are addressed.