Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biogeosciences Spatial and temporal effects of drought on soil CO 2 efflux in a cacao agroforestry system in Sulawesi , Indonesia

Climate change induced droughts pose a serious threat to ecosystems across the tropics and sub-tropics, particularly to those areas not adapted to natural dry periods. In order to study the vulnerability of cacao ( Theobroma cacao) – Gliricidia sepiumagroforestry plantations to droughts a large scale throughfall displacement roof was built in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this 19-month experiment, we compared soil surface CO 2 efflux (soil respiration) from three roof plots with three adjacent control plots. Soil respiration rates peaked at intermediate soil moisture conditions and decreased under increasingly dry conditions (drought induced), or increasingly wet conditions (as evidenced in control plots). The roof plots exhibited a slight decrease in soil respiration compared to the control plots (average 13% decrease). The strength of the drought effect was spatially variable – while some measurement chamber sites reacted strongly (responsive) to the decrease in soil water content (up toR2 = 0.70) (n = 11), others did not react at all (non-responsive) ( n = 7). A significant correlation was measured between responsive soil respiration chamber sites and sap flux density ratios of cacao ( R = 0.61) andGliricidia (R = 0.65). Leaf litter CO2 respiration decreased as conditions became drier. The litter layer contributed approximately 3–4% of the total CO 2 efflux during dry periods and up to 40% during wet periods. Within days of roof opening soil CO2 efflux rose to control plot levels. Thereafter, CO 2 Correspondence to: O. van Straaten (ostraat@gwdg.de) efflux remained comparable between roof and control plots. The cumulative effect on soil CO 2 emissions over the duration of the experiment was not significantly different: the control plots respired 11.1 ±0.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, while roof plots respired 10.5 ±0.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. The relatively mild decrease measured in soil CO 2 efflux indicates that this agroforestry ecosystem is capable of mitigating droughts with only minor stress symptoms.
Modelling canopy fuel and forest stand variables and characterizing the influence of thinning in the stand structure using airborne LiDAR

Los incendios forestales suponen una gran amenaza en el NO de Espana. La importancia y frecuencia de estos eventos en la zona sugiere la necesidad de programas de gestion del combustible para reducir la propagacion y severidad de los incendios. La realizacion de una selvicultura de claras puede contribuir a la reduccion del riesgo de incendio, ya que ocasiona una ruptura de la continuidad horizontal del combustible forestal. Ademas, es necesario realizar una gestion del riesgo de incendio basada en el conocimiento de la localizacion del combustible sobre el terreno, puesto que el estudio del comportamiento de un incendio y la simulacion de la propagacion del fuego son dependientes del factor espacial. Por ello, resulta esencial la generacion de mapas del combustible para diferentes escenarios selvicolas. La elaboracion de modelos de estimacion de variables dasometricas y de estructura de la masa a partir de tecnologia LiDAR es el punto de inicio para la elaboracion de una cartografia espacialmente explicita. Esto adquiere mayor valor en los mapas de combustible puesto que la medicion de las variables en campo resulta inviable. En el presente estudio, evaluamos el potencial de la tecnologia LiDAR para estimar variables del combustible de copa y otras variables de masa, asi como para identificar diferencias estructurales a nivel de rodal en masas de Pinus inaster Ait. con y sin manejo selvicola. Las variables independientes (metricas LiDAR) de mayor importancia explicativa fueron identificadas y los analisis de regresion indicaron fuertes relaciones entre estas y las ariables medidas en campo ( R 2 vario entre 0.86 y 0.97). Por otra parte, se observaron diferencias significativas en algunas metricas LiDAR cuando se compararon masas aclaradas y no aclaradas. Los resultados demostraron que la tecnologia LiDAR permite la modelizacion de variables de masa y de combustible de copa con alta precision en esta especie, y que proporciona informacion util para la identificacion de areas con y sin gestion selvicola.
Determination of the effect of somatic cell count on udder measurements and subclinical mastitis with data mining method.

Received: Revised: Accepted: December 10, 2014 March 27, 2015 April 26, 2015 In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on udder measurements and subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows by data mining method. In the study, the udder measurements and the SCC values of milk samples taken monthly from 79 Holstein cows were used. The Bayesian Net, Decision Table and Nearest Neighbors algorithms were used in the classification of the udder measurements, and model validation is determined by the simple validation method. In the study, it has been found that the best classification model was formed according to the Nearest Neighbors algorithm with the accuracy rate of 97.95% [Root Mean Square Error (RMSE):0.07, Mean Absolute Error (MAE):0.01, Root Relative Squared ErrorRRSE (%):22.20, Relative Absolute Error -RAE (%): 5.78, Kappa statistic: 0.95]. The effect of udder measurements on subclinical mastitis was found significant for the front teat length (FTL), the distance between rear teats (DBRT), the distance between side teats (DBST), the rear teat height (RTH) (P<0.01) and the rear teat diameter (RTD) (P<0.05). ©2015 PVJ. All rights reserved
Modeling farmer participation to a revenue insurance scheme by means of Positive Mathematical Programming

European farmers face increasing income uncertainty and the debate is growing on the role of insurance schemes and of public support in this field. This debate is further stimulated by the perspective of introducing instruments to cope with risk also in the Common Agricultural Policy. Therefore, there is a need for empirical analysis and tools aimed at providing empirical evidences on this subject. This paper applies a PMP modelling approach that takes into explicit consideration risk aversion behaviour to test the possibility to use it to assess the implications of participating in a insurance scheme. This is done by introducing a revenue insurance scheme into a model developed on a small group of crop farms in Italy. In particular, a quadratic mix integer programming approach has been developed in order to model the choice of participating or not in the proposed insurance scheme. The model has been than used to conduct simulations considering changes in the level of the insurance premium. The paper tries to assess the soundness of the proposed approach and to identify its limitations. The obtained results suggest that this could be a useful tool to investigate the impact of participating in insurance schemes on production patterns and farm profitability and the role of public support in this field.
Seasonal variability of metabolically active bacterioplankton in the euphotic zone of a hypertrophic lake

We studied the seasonal variation in the abundance of metabolically active bacteria (cells with an active electron transport system based on the INT-reduction method) and the proportion of active cells in the euphotic zone of a hypertrophic lake with the oblective of determining the main factors related to their dynamics. The annual average proportion of active cells was -47 % and changed from -17 % in winter to 100% in autumn. Both total direct counts (range: 1.5 to 20.4 X 10' m]-') and abundance of active cells (range: 0 4 to 6.0 X 10' ml-l) varied annually by 14-fold and were highly correlated (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Bacterial activity, based on ['"C]-leucine uptake, was more strongly correlated with active bacterial abundance (r = 0.83. p < 0.001) than with total bacterial counts (r = 0.70, p < 0.001). Water temperature explained -81 "o of the temporal variability of active bacterial abundance but only 55% of total bacterial numbers. Chlorophyll a concentration (range. 99 to 335 pg 1-l) was only weakly correlated to the abundance of active bacteria ( I = 0.34, p < 0.05). Compared with data from other freshwater systems, our results show that although in this lake the average proportion of active bacteria was higher, their absolute abundance was lower than in less enriched systems.
Impact of Cashflow Volatility on Cash-Cash Flow Sensitivity of Pakistani Firms

This study is conducted to observe the impact of cash flow volatility (CVCF) on cash-cash flow sensitivity of Pakistani Manufacturing Firms by taking a panel data of 377 manufacturing firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. The test revealed that cash flow volatility had significant impact on cash-cash flow sensitivity. This sensitivity was due to the precautionary motive of Pakistani Manufacturing Firms. Further, cash-cash flow sensitivity was studied by classifying firms into constrained and unconstrained categories by using cash flow volatility (CVCF) and size. The results for the classification based on cash flow volatility (CVCF) reveals that cash-cash flow sensitivity is more due to long-term debt for constrained firms and due to sales growth for unconstrained firms. The results for the classification based on size reveals that cash-cash flow sensitivity is present in both constrained and unconstrained firms. However, in constrained firms this sensitivity is mainly due to growth opportunities available to those firms. While in unconstrained firms this sensitivity can be attributed to increase leverage and resultant increased in cash flow volatility (CVCF) due to leverage.
[POSSIBLE DUPLICATE] Central Bank Intervention and Exchange Rate Volatility, Its Continuous and Jump Components

We analyze the relationship between interventions and volatility at daily and intra-daily frequencies for the two major exchange rate markets. Using recent econometric methods to estimate realized volatility, we employ bipower variation to decompose this volatility into a continuously varying and jump component. Analysis of the timing and direction of jumps and interventions imply that coordinated interventions tend to cause few, but large jumps. Most coordinated operations explain, statistically, an increase in the persistent (continuous) part of exchange rate volatility. This correlation is even stronger on days with jumps.
Lobbying on Entry

We develop a model of endogenous lobby formation in which wealth inequality and political accountability undermine entry and financial development. Incumbents seek a low level of effective investor protection to prevent potential entrants from raising capital. They succeed because they can promise larger political contributions than the entrants due to the higher rents earned with less competition. Entry and investor protection improve when wealth distribution becomes less unequal, and the political system becomes more accountable. Consistent with these predictions, in a cross-section of 38 countries we find that greater accountability is associated with higher entry in sectors that are more dependent on external capital and have greater growth opportunities. Also, higher accountability and lower income inequality are associated with more effective legal enforcement, even after controlling for legal origin and per-capita income.
A Scan Driver Circuit Using Transparent Thin Film Transistors

In this paper, we proposed two types of integrated scan driver circuits using only n-channel zinc-oxide (ZnO) thin film transistors (TFTs). One is the scan driver circuit for low-power consumption and the other scan driver is for robustness to threshold voltage and mobility variation. The proposed scan driver for low-power consumption is embedding level shifter and its power consumption was 1.4 mW. The scan driver for robustness used positive feedback circuits as pull-up devices. By simulation results, the proposed scan driver has robustness in the frequency, temperature, and process variation compared to conventional scan drivers. Also, two proposed scan drivers have advantages of full swing output range from VDD to VSS.
Mental Health Social Workers: The State of their Well-Being and Support

The mental health social worker experiences unique challenges on a daily basis. A social worker’s well-being affects not only the social worker at the individual level; but also directly affects agency and client outcomes, which in turn impacts the mental health system. Adequate support is crucial in maintaining social workers’ positive well-being (Graham & Shier, 2014). Current rates of burnout among mental health professionals range from 21-61% (Morse, Salyers, Rollins, MonroeDeVita & Pfahler, 2012). This suggests that there are gaps in adequate support for mental health social workers. A blend of systems theory, the strengths perspective and an empowerment model was used as the foundation from which to explore the individual, agency and community impacts of social worker well-being and adequate support. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to explore the following questions: 1. What is the impact of working within the mental health field on social worker well-being? , 2.What types of supports do mental health social workers find to be the most helpful? and 3. What gaps do mental health social workers feel exist in level and type of support that they receive in their work? Seven interviews were conducted. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data to identify major emerging themes. The findings suggest society’s dominant cultural values and attitudes stigmatize mental health care, which results in an inadequate mental health system. The stress associated with working within an ineffective system, as well as, lacking effective responses to self-care leads to both physical and mental impacts on personal well-being. Although mental health social workers have developed effective coping skills to positively maintain their well being, participants suggested the adoption of a systemic response to self-care and social change to influence mental health policy as primary ways of improving support for mental health social workers. SOCIAL WORKER WELL-BEING AND SUPPORT 3 Acknowledgments Thank you to my chair and committee members for their patience, guidance and motivating encouragement throughout the completion of this research project. They kept this project on the right track and were consistently available. Never did they lose their commitment to this project. I also want to acknowledge the individuals who volunteered to participate in this research study. Their input was honest, insightful and passionate. Without their willingness to participate, I would not have been able to develop this project. I also very much appreciate my family and friends who continued to support me through this experience. Their kindness, understanding and excitement were so valuable during this time. Thank you. SOCIAL WORKER WELL-BEING AND SUPPORT 4 Table of
Parsimonious Mixed Models

The analysis of experimental data with mixed-effects models requires decisions about the specification of the appropriate random-effects structure. Recently, Barr, Levy, Scheepers, and Tily, 2013 recommended fitting `maximal' models with all possible random effect components included. Estimation of maximal models, however, may not converge. We show that failure to converge typically is not due to a suboptimal estimation algorithm, but is a consequence of attempting to fit a model that is too complex to be properly supported by the data, irrespective of whether estimation is based on maximum likelihood or on Bayesian hierarchical modeling with uninformative or weakly informative priors. Importantly, even under convergence, overparameterization may lead to uninterpretable models. We provide diagnostic tools for detecting overparameterization and guiding model simplification.
Structural and Psychological Empowerment : The Moderating Role of Developmental Networks

4 Introduction . 5 1 Theoretical background . 6 1.1 Psychological Empowerment . 6 1.2 Developmental Networks . 11 1.3 Structural Empowerment . 13 2 The empirical study . 16 2.1 Purpose of the study . 16 2.2 Hypotheses . 17 3 Method . 17 3.1 Sample . 17 3.2 Procedure . 17 3.3 Measures . 18 3.3.1 Sociodemographic data registry . 18 3.3.2 Psychological Empowerment . 18 3.3.3 Developmental Networks . 19 3.3.4 Structural Empowerment . 19 3.4 Statistical analyses . 20 3.4. 1 Hypothesis testing . 26 4 Results . 28 5 Discussion . 29 5.1 Practical implications . 32 5.2 Limitations . 33 6 Conclusions . 34 7 References . 36 8 Appendices . 41 Structural and Psychological Empowerment: The Moderating Role of Developmental Networks
Asymptotics for Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimators of GARCH(1,2) Model Under Dependent Innovations

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic properties of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (quasi-MLE) for GARCH(1,2) model under stationary innovations. Consistency of the global quasi-MLE and asymptotic normality of the local quasi-MLE are obtained, which extend the previous results for GARCH(1,1) under weaker conditions.
SNAKE RELATIONSHIPS REVEALED BY SLOWLY-EVOLVING PROTEINS: FURTHER ANALYSIS AND A REPLY

A reanalysis of our allozyme data (Dowling et al., 1996) for four slowly-evolving loci in 215 species of snakes by Buckley et al. (2000) concluded that because of ties in genetic distances our published UPGMA tree had “little resolution, indicating that these data are highly ambiguous regarding higher-level snake phylogeny. ” They also concluded that “the high degree of resolution in the published phenogram is an analytical artifact. ” Our study was intended to obtain information on lower-level relationships for the snake species that we had available, and it provided support for some current hypotheses of snake relationships at that level. Buckley et al. (2000) reached their conclusions because in their analysis they used only strict consensus trees and did not randomize the order of their input data. By randomizing data input order and using a majority-rule consensus tree, we show that there is considerable phylogenetic signal in our data.
Organizational Justice in the Sales Force: A Literature Review with Propositions

ABSTRACT Many factors have been identified as having an impact on salespeople's work outcomes. Although a plethora of empirical research has determined that organizational justice influences employees' job-related responses, minimal attention has been given to the effects of organizational justice in a selling context. The nature of the sales position, as well as the fact that organizational justice is managerially controllable, suggests that this variable warrants research attention. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the concept of organizational justice and develop propositions regarding linkages among components of this variable and salespeople's performance, job satisfaction, extra-role behavior, organizational commitment, and intention to quit. Implications for sales managers and researchers are also offered.
Measuring the Consumption Value of Higher Education

The consumption value of education is an important, but rather ignored factor behind the individual's educational choice. This paper suggests a method for measuring the consumption value of education in a compensating differentials framework when the ability bias is corrected for. As an example, the willingness to pay for the consumption value of attending teacher's college during the 1960's is estimated on unique Norwegian panel data. The ex-ante price of the consumption value of teacher's college is estimated to be 38 % of the present value of the individual's potential lifetime income. The ex-post price of this consumption value is for the same individuals estimated to be about 46 % of the present value of the potential lifetime income
The effects of an aqueous leaf extract of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f.ex Benth. on blood pressure, urine output, angiotensin II levels and cardiac parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth (Rutaceae) is a medicinal plant indigenous to Southern Africa and scientific studies report on its biomedical activities and possible antihypertensive property by demonstrating in vitro angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. This study investigated the antihypertensive effects of an aqueous leaf extract of Clausena anisata in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model, and determined whether these blood pressure lowering effects could be attributed to diuresis, the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blood pressure control system and/or possible negative inotropic or chronotropic cardiac effects. Aqueous extracts were prepared from ground leaves of Clausena anisata. Four groups of ten rats each received 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg.bw of aqueous extracts intra-arterially respectively to obtain a dose response relationship. Another two groups of fifteen rats each received either plain water (control group) or the plant extract added to their drinking water (experimental group) for 40 days. Urine output was measured at 10 day intervals. All cardiovascular data was recorded with a Powerlab 200 recording system in anaesthetised rats that were catheterised via the carotid artery. Plasma angiotensin II levels were determined using a commercially available enzyme immunosorbent assay kit. The results showed that Clausena anisata was effective in reducing aortic blood pressure at the highest dose tested (400 mg/kg.bw). Furthermore, Clausena anisata significantly reduced the blood pressure over 40 days. This appears to have occurred via a mechanism that causes a reduction in plasma angiotensin II levels and not via diuresis or negative chronotropic effects. Key words: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor), negative inotropic effect, diuresis, antihypertensive agents, traditional medicinal plants, lethal dose 50 cardiac contractility, South Africa.
ZFIRE: THE KINEMATICS OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AS A FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENT AT z ∼ 2

We perform a kinematic analysis of galaxies at z ∼ 2 in the COSMOS legacy field using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy from Keck/MOSFIRE as part of the ZFIRE survey. Our sample consists of 75 Ks-band selected star-forming galaxies from the ZFOURGE survey with stellar masses ranging from log(M⋆/M⊙) = 9.0–11.0, 28 of which are members of a known overdensity at z = 2.095. We measure Hα emission-line integrated velocity dispersions (σint) from 50 to 230 km s−1, consistent with other emission-line studies of z ∼ 2 field galaxies. From these data we estimate virial, stellar, and gas masses and derive correlations between these properties for cluster and field galaxies at z ∼ 2. We find evidence that baryons dominate within the central effective radius. However, we find no statistically significant differences between the cluster and the field, and conclude that the kinematics of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 are not significantly different between the cluster and field environments.
A Hundred Years of Philosophy

John Stuart Mill and British empiricism materialism, naturalism and agnosticism towards the absolute personality and the absolute pragmatism and its European analogues new developments in logic the movement towards objectivity Moore and Russell Cook Wilson and Oxford philosophy the new realists critical realism and American naturalism recalcitrant metaphysicians natural scientists turn philosophers some Cambridge philosophers and Wittgenstein's "Tractatus" logical positivism logic, semantics and methodology Wittgenstein and ordinary language philosophy existentialism and phenomenology description, explanation or revision?
Subsidiaries, Competencies and the Implementation of Dynamic Capabilities

This Conference Paper is brought to you for free and open access by theSchool of Management at ARROW@DIT. It has been accepted forinclusion in Conference Papers by an authorized administrator ofARROW@DIT. For more information, please contactyvonne.desmond@dit.ie, arrow.admin@dit.ie. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License