Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing Design Research

This paper presents a novel conceptual framework for assessing design research projects. Present-day design research is typified by projects, which traverse disciplinary, methodological, and conceptual boundaries that often have wide-ranging social, cultural, and economic impact to industry, government bodies, and the wider public. Given design’s application in addressing serious issues ranging from antimicrobial resistance to mobility, from ageing to migration it can be difficult to understand and unpick the exact nature and scale of design research and the roles that design researchers and designing (both processes and outcomes) play. The design research conceptual framework has been developed as a communicative tool for illustrating levels of design involvement in a project. The paper highlights the design input involved in current design research and provides a comparative measure of design’s role in a wide range of projects that fall under the umbrella term of “design research” in the UK.
Cephalometric norms of skeletal relationship among populations in selected Arab countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and Aim: Despite the availability of several published studies on cephalometric norms among different Arabic countries, “Caucasian” norms are still used as the standard in these countries. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature on the topic and show a meta-analysis of the review for the skeletal values observed in the study. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted for studies that examined the SNA, SNB, and ANB angles in study subjects in different Arabic speaking countries. A total of 16 studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and a meta-analysis with results from these studies was completed using the OpenMeta-Analyst software (Brown University, Providence, RI, USA). The weighted mean and I2 for heterogeneity were computed individually for the SNA, SNB, and ANB angles, respectively. Results: The result of the meta-analysis showed a significant heterogeneity for the SNA, SNB, and ANB angles of each of the populations, suggesting that the populations of the different Arab nations studied were ethnically diverse. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that given the high level of heterogeneity it may not be feasible to speak of the different Arabic speaking nations as a distinct population for the purpose of developing norms for cephalometric skeletal relationships.
Refinement of the logarithmic law of the wall

Available direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel ﬂow at moderately high Reynolds numbers data show that the logarithmic diagnostic function is a linearly decreasing function of the outer-normalized wall distance η = y /δ with a slope proportional to the von Kármán constant, κ = 0 . 4. The validity of this result for turbulent pipe and boundary layer ﬂows is assessed by comparison with the mean velocity proﬁle from experimental data. The results suggest the existence of a ﬂow-independent logarithmic law U + = U / u τ = (1 /κ )ln( y ∗ / a ), where y ∗ = yU S /ν with U S = yS ( y ) being the local shear velocity and the two ﬂow-independent constants κ = 0 . 4 and a = 0 . 36. The range of its validity extends from the inner-normalized wall distance y + = 300 up to half the outer-length scale η = 0 . 5 for internal ﬂows, and η = 0 . 2 for zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers. Likewise, and within the same range, the mean velocity deﬁcit follows a ﬂow-dependent logarithmic law as a function of a local mean-shear-based coordinate. Furthermore, it is illustrated how the classical friction laws for smooth pipe and zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer are recovered from this scaling. DOI
How We Refactor and How We Mine it ? A Large Scale Study on Refactoring Activities in Open Source Systems

Refactoring, as coined by WIlliam Obdyke in 1992, is the art of optimizing the syntactic design of a software system without altering its external behavior. Refactoring was also cataloged by Martin Fowler as a response to the existence of design defects that negatively impact the software’s design. Since then, the research in refactoring has been driven by improving systems structures. However, recent studies have been showing that developers may incorporate refactoring strategies in other development related activities that go beyond improving the design. In this context, we aim in better understanding the developer’s perception of refactoring by mining and automatically classifying refactoring activities in 1,706 open source Java projects. We perform a differentiated replication of the pioneering work by Tsantalis et al. We revisit five research questions presented in this previous empirical study and compare our results to their original work. The original study investigates various types of refactorings applied to different source types (i.e., production vs. test), the degree to which experienced developers contribute to refactoring efforts, the chronological collocation of refactoring with release and testing periods, and the developer’s intention behind specific types of refactorings. We reexamine the same questions but on a larger number of systems. To do this, our approach relies on mining refactoring instances executed throughout several releases of each project we studied. We also mined several properties related to these projects; namely their commits, contributors, issues, test files, etc. Our findings confirm some of the results of the previous study and we highlight some differences for discussion. We found that 1) feature addition and bug fixes are strong motivators for developers to refactor their code base, rather than the traditional design improvement motivation; 2) a variety of refactoring types are applied when refactoring both production and test code. 3) refactorings tend to be applied by experienced developers who have contributed a wide range of commits to the code. 4) there is a correlation between the type of refactoring activities taking place and whether the source code is undergoing a release or a test period.
The Basis for Bentazon Selectivity in Navy Bean, Cocklebur, and Black Nightshade

The trifoliate leaf of tolerant navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) retained less bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] from foliar applications than the unifoliate leaf, or the leaves from susceptible cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) and moderately susceptible black nightshade (Solarium nigrum L.) seedlings. The 14C from 14C-bentazon applied to the foliage of black nightshade moved throughout the entire plant. In cocklebur, the 14C moved throughout the treated leaf, whereas, in the trifoliate leaf of navy bean, very little acropetal movement occurred from the site of application. However, in the unifoliate leaf of navy bean, acropetal and basipetal movement of 14C from the leaf was observed. The species differed in the 14C-metabolites formed from 14C-bentazon 1 and 5 days after treatment. The rapid metabolism of bentazon in the trifoliate leaf of navy bean appears to be related to tolerance.
Changes-of-mind in the absence of new post-decision evidence

Decisions are occasionally accompanied by changes-of-mind. While considered a hallmark of cognitive flexibility, the mechanisms underlying changes-of-mind remain elusive. Previous studies on perceptual decision making have focused on changes-of-mind that are primarily driven by the accumulation of additional noisy sensory evidence after the initial decision. In a motion discrimination task, we demonstrate that changes-of-mind can occur even in the absence of additional evidence after the initial decision. Unlike previous studies of changes-of-mind, the majority of changes-of-mind in our experiment occurred in trials with prolonged initial response times. This suggests a distinct mechanism underlying such changes. Using a neural circuit model of decision uncertainty and change-of-mind behaviour, we demonstrate that this phenomenon is associated with top-down signals mediated by an uncertainty-monitoring neural population. Such a mechanism is consistent with recent neurophysiological evidence showing a link between changes-of-mind and elevated top-down neural activity. Our model explains the long response times associated with changes-of-mind through high decision uncertainty levels in such trials, and accounts for the observed motor response trajectories. Overall, our work provides a computational framework that explains changes-of-mind in the absence of new post-decision evidence. Authors Summary We used limited availability of sensory evidence during a standard motion discrimination task, and demonstrated that changes-of-mind could occur long after sensory information was no longer available. Unlike previous studies, our experiment further indicated that changes-of-mind were strongly linked to slow response time. We used a reduced version of a previously developed neural computational model of decision uncertainty and change-of-mind to account for these experimental observations. Importantly, our model showed that the replication of these experimental results required a strong link between change-of-mind and high decision uncertainty (i.e. low decision confidence), supporting the notion that change-of-mind are related to decision uncertainty or confidence.
The Relation of Breadth and Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge and Topic Familiarity to EFL Learners' Lexical Inferencing Success

A B ST R A C T This study investigates the relation of breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge and topic familiarity to EFL learners’ success in deriving meaning from context. It intends to determine whether (breadth and depth of) vocabulary knowledge and topic familiarity are related to the learners’ lexical inferencing success, and to investigate which of these variables makes an important contribution to L2 lexical inferencing success. The participants of the study were sixty-five pre-university students in Esfahan, Iran. In two consecutive weeks, version 2 of the Vocabulary Levels Test and the Word-Associate Test were used to measure participants’ breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge, respectively. One week later, the participants received a reading text and attempted to derive the meanings of 10 unknown words from context. After inferencing task, they rated the degree of their familiarity to the text on a Likert-scale questionnaire. Result indicate a significant relationship between vocabulary knowledge and learners’ lexical inferencing as well as a significant relationship between learners’ topic familiarity and their lexical inferencing success. The results further revealed that depth of vocabulary knowledge made a significant contribution to inferential success over and above the contribution made by the learners’ breadth of vocabulary knowledge and their topic familiarity.
Wavenumber Domain Algorithm-Based FMCW SAR Sparse Imaging

Frequency-modulation continuous-wave (FMCW) synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) can minimize the peak transmission power of sensors and reduce the size and weight of the systems. Wavenumber domain algorithm (WDA) is an accurate focusing method for SAR imaging. By using the exact signal form to compensate the phase error, WDA can achieve exact scene recovery from high-squint and long aperture data as long as the platform velocity is stable. In this paper, we introduce WDA to FMCW SAR and discuss the WDA-based FMCW SAR sparse imaging method. There are two main contributions of this paper: 1) a motion compensation-based WDA imaging method is introduced to correct the motion error that is often associated in practical airborne FMCW SAR data and 2) a novel WDA-based FMCW SAR sparse imaging method is developed to further improve the performance of recovered image. Compared with the typical WDA algorithm, the sparse imaging method can suppress the noise and sidelobes and perform the sparse scene recovery from the downsampled data. Experimental results via simulated and real airborne data verify the presented WDA-based FMCW SAR imaging methods.
Multiuser detector performance comparisons in multirate CDMA systems

The performance of the multi-code (MC) access system with one processing gain and the multiple processing gain (MPG) access for asynchronous multirate code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems are considered. The bit error rates (BER) of the decorrelating, parallel interference canceler (PIC) and groupwise serial interference canceler (GSIC) with either the PIC or decorrelator within the group are compared. The results show that the decorrelating and the GSIC multiuser detectors yield the best performance. For all interference cancellation schemes the BER saturates at high SNRs due to decision errors degrading the multiple-access interference (MAI) estimates. The problem is particularly severe with the PIC detector.
Biometric Analyses of Yield, Oil and Protein Contents of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Different Environments

The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effects of genotype, environment, and their interactions on the oil content (OC), protein content (PC) and grain yield (GY) of 25 varieties of winter wheat, (2) the correlations among these traits in different environments, and (3) the effects of different climatic variables and their interactions with wheat genotypes for the examined traits. The field experiments were performed on three experimental sites in Serbia in 2009/10 and 2010/11. The most variable traits were GY and PC, while the variations of OC were lower. A significant positive correlation between wheat bran OC and GY was found in one, while highly significant negative correlations between PC and GY were found in three out of six environments. The partial least square regression (PLSR) triplots for protein content, oil content and grain yield enabled us to identify favorable and limiting climatic conditions for each trait and explained 31.9%, 32.6%, and 30.4% of the total variance, respectively. Cvs. Renesansa and Zvezdana were identified as genotypes with high average values for all traits, while cvs. Bankuty 1205 and Banatka were identified as potential sources of high protein content.
Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli In Vitro

Abstract Infectious disease is one of the most common diseases in the world. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are two common causes of infection and are resistant to many antibiotics, so the new agents are needed to overcome antibiotic resistance. Cinnamon is often used as a preservative because it has antibacterial activity. Cinnamomum burmannii is kind of native cinnamon from Indonesia. The antimicrobial active compounds cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are the main reasons for its antibacterial activity. This study observed the efficacy of the cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. An experimental study, in vitro using Post-test Only Control Group Designed, has been done in Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University. Cinnamon was extracted, then tested for its antibacterial activity using well diffusion and serial dilution to determine diameter of inhibition zone and minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical tests were also conducted to determine the antibacterial compounds of cinnamon extract. Ethanol extract of cinnamon was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with MBC 5% and inihibitory zone 6,84Â±0,68 mm and Escherichia coli with MBC 10% and inhibitory zone 5,69Â±0,69 mm. Cinnamon extract which has the greatest effectiveness is concentration of 40% with inhibition zone 15,69Â±0,80 mm (Staphylococcus aureus) and 9,63Â±0,59 mm (Escherichia coli). This ability is due to the antibacterial compounds as evidenced by positive results in various phytochemical tests. Cinnamon extract is effective as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. Keywords: efficacy, antibacterial, Cinnamomum burmannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
Population Characteristics of Gizzard Shad Introduced into a Small Western Oklahoma Impoundment

Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) are often considered a vital forage species in many aquatic systems. However, when populations of Gizzard Shad become dominated by large (>200 mm) overabundant individuals they can have negative direct and indirect effects on sportfish populations. In September 2016, 198 Gizzard Shad were collected from Lake Carl Etling in farnorthwest Oklahoma to evaluate population characteristics. Total length (TL; mm) and weight (g) were recorded and sagittal otoliths were removed for aging. Gizzard Shad ranged from 56-308 mm TL with a mean age estimated at 2.63 years and a maximum age of 12 years. This Gizzard Shad population has rapid growth rates within the first year, slowing with increasing age, poor relative body condition, low mortality, and is comprised primarily of small adults. We speculate that the fast growth rate of the Gizzard Shad population may be affecting the sportfish populations in Lake Carl Etling, as indicated by low proportional size distribution (PSD) and below average relative weight (Wr) of Walleye (Sander vitreus) and Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides). Information about Gizzard Shad populations in Oklahoma is limited, and this study provides baseline characteristics to which other Gizzard Shad populations in small impoundments can be compared.
Alumina-Supported Spinel NiAl2O4 as a Catalyst for Re-forming Pyrolysis Gas

A spinel structure for NiAl2O4 in nickel-based alumina has a significant impact on catalytic performance. To illustrate the relationship between the textural properties of spinel and catalytic performance, four nickel-based alumina catalysts using co-precipitation with different calcination temperatures were prepared and evaluated for the re-forming of simulated pyrolysis gas (CH4 + CO2) and then applied to the re-forming of gaseous products from rice husks pyrolysis. The results indicated that the spinel structure could improve the catalytic performance. Various characterization methods combined with mechanism analysis were applied to illustrate the contribution of surface properties and structure parameters of the spinel catalysts on catalytic performance. The influence of spinel structure in catalysts on the textural properties, the specific form of surface nickel species, and the anticoking ability of the catalysts have been established. Finally, the relationship between the spinel structure of the ca.
Screening the Coulomb interaction and thermalization of Anderson insulators

Long range interactions are relevant for a wide range of phenomena in physics where they often present a challenge to theory. In condensed matter, the interplay of Coulomb interaction and disorder remains largely an unsolved problem. In two dimensional films the long-range part of the Coulomb interaction may be screened by a nearby metallic overlay. This technique is employed in this work to present experimental evidence for its effectiveness in limiting the spatial range of the Coulomb interaction. We use this approach to study the effects of the long-range Coulomb interaction on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of electron-glasses using amorphous indium-oxide films. The results demonstrate that electronic relaxation times, extending over thousands of seconds, do not hinge on the long-range Coulomb interaction nor on the presence of a real gap in the density of states. Rather, they emphasize the dominant role played by disorder in controlling the slow thermalization processes of Anderson insulators taken far from equilibrium.
Investigating Transfusion-related Sepsis Using Culture-Independent Metagenomic Sequencing

Background Transfusion-related sepsis remains an important hospital infection control challenge. Investigating septic transfusion events is often restricted by the limitations of bacterial culture in terms of time requirements and low yield in the setting of prior antibiotic administration. Methods In three Gram-negative septic transfusion cases, we performed mNGS of direct clinical blood specimens in addition to standard culture-based approaches utilized for infection control investigations. Pathogen detection leveraged IDSeq, a new open-access microbial bioinformatics portal. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to assess microbial genetic relatedness and understand transmission events. Results mNGS of direct clinical blood specimens afforded precision detection of pathogens responsible for each case of transfusion-related sepsis, and enabled discovery of a novel Acinetobacter species in a platelet product that had become contaminated despite photochemical pathogen reduction. In each case, longitudinal assessment of pathogen burden elucidated the temporal sequence of events associated with each transfusion-transmitted infection. We found that informative data could be obtained from culture-independent mNGS of residual platelet products and leftover blood specimens that were either unsuitable or unavailable for culture, or that failed to grow due to prior antibiotic administration. We additionally developed methods to enhance accuracy for detecting transfusion-associated pathogens sharing taxonomic similarity to contaminants commonly found in mNGS library preparations. Conclusions Culture-independent mNGS of blood products afforded rapid and precise assessment of pathogen identity, abundance and genetic relatedness. Together, these challenging cases demonstrated the potential for metagenomics to advance existing methods for investigating transfusion-transmitted infections.
Artificial insemination of farmed fallow deer ( Dama dama ): fixed-time insemination at a synchronized oestrus

Two trials were conducted in 1986 on artificial insemination of female fallow deer at fixed intervals from the cessation of oestrous synchronization treatment. Semen had been collected previously from mature bucks by electroejaculation and extended in sodium citrate/egg yolk diluent. In the first trial involving a comparison of the fertilization rates of fresh and frozen-thawed semen delivered intravaginally, 57 does each received a single intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (CIDRtype S, Carter Holt Harvey Plastic Products Group Ltd, Hamilton, NZ) for a 14-day period early in the 1986 breeding season. All does were inseminated intravaginally with either fresh (no. = 26) or frozenthawed (no. = 31) semen (85 × 106 motile spermatozoa per inseminate) at 48 h after CIDR removal. The apparent conception rates for the two types of semen were 65·4% and 64·5% respectively (P > 0·1) and the actual fawning rates were 500% and 48·4% respectively (P > 0·1). In the second trial involving an investigation of the feasibility of laparoscopic intrauterine insemination, 55 does were synchronized as for the first trial. At 56 to 58 h from CIDR removal, the does were anaesthetized and laparoscopically inseminated with frozen-thawed semen (85 × 106 motile spermatozoa per animal) by direct injection into both uterine horns. Anaesthesia was reversed immediately following artificial insemination. The apparent conception rate was 47·3% and the actual fawning rate was 41·8%. Data from both trials indicate that reasonable fawning rates can be obtained for artificially inseminated fallow deer. Between 11 and 25% of does expected to fawn did not and this may represent embryonic mortality attributable to the method of oestrus/ovulation synchronization.