Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Antibiotic therapy in periodontal disease. 1. Selection of antibiotics].

歯周病の化学療法をめざし, 歯周病原性細菌に有効な抗生物質を選択する目的で, 6菌種の歯周病原性細菌に対する10種の抗菌物質の最小生育阻止濃度, および歯肉縁下プラーク細菌に対する感受性を検討した。 その結果, 被験抗菌物質の中でミノサイクリン (MINO), テトラサイクリン (TC), ペニシリンG (PCG), セフメタゾール, クリンダマイシン (CLDM), メトロニダゾール (MD), が黒色色素産生性Bacteroidesに強い抗菌性を示した。 さらにMINOはほかの被験菌種に対しても強い抗菌作用を示した。 また, 縁下プラーク細菌に対しては, MINO, PCGが強い抑制効果を示し, 1μg/mlの濃度で95%以上の細菌を抑制した。 CLDM, TCは5μg/mlで同様の抑制効果を示したが, MD, クロルヘキシジンの抑制効果は低かった。 以上の結果より, 歯周病原性細菌に対して強く幅広い抗菌活性を有するMINOは歯周病治療に用いる抗生物質として優先される薬剤であると考えられた。
Can we recognise obesity clinically?

The aim of this study was to ascertain whether health care professionals are able to accurately identify overweight and obese children by observation alone. Eighty health care professionals were asked to view photographs of 33 children and assign each into one of six categories, ranging from “very underweight” to “obese”. The health care professionals’ categorisation was compared with the children’s degree of adiposity based on conventional clinical criteria for BMI. The health care professionals were found to be generally poor at assessing the weight status of the children, and in particular tended to underestimate overweight and obesity in children. This study suggests that it is not appropriate to rely on informal assessment to identify obesity and highlights the need for health care professionals to be aware of their lack of accuracy in this regard.
Patterns of genomic distribution and sequence heterogeneity of a murine "retrovirus-like" multigene family

The mouse genome contains over 100 copies of a dispersed gene family known as "virus-like" genes encoding 30S RNA (VL30). Although they do not share nucleotide sequence homology with known retroviruses, these genetic elements are distinguished by several "retrovirus-like" features, notably, the capacity of the 30S RNA transcripts of these genes to be encapsidated by c-type virions and the transmissibility of VL30 information to other cells via pseudovirion infection. Using VL30 DNA units, cloned from the BALB/c mouse embryonic gene library, we have recently shown that VL30 DNA units share basic structural features with retrovirus proviruses. To shed light on the relatedness of VL30 information to endogenous proviruses and possibly other genetic elements, we extended our previous studies concerning genomic distribution patterns of VL30 elements and patterns of sequence heterogeneity among VL30 units. The following observations were made: (i) VL30 units were distributed among different mouse chromosomes; (ii) distribution patterns of VL30 units markedly differed among mouse strains; (iii) there was constancy of VL30 restriction patterns in different tissues; (iv) a high degree of sequence divergence existed among different VL30 units cloned from the same embryo; and (v) VL30 units were heterogeneous with respect to the state of DNA methylation. The results are discussed in terms of the possible modes of evolution of this multigene family.
Microarray analysis of gene expression profile of multidrug resistance in pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is the most frequently adopted adjuvant therapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but the development of drug resistance reduces its effectiveness. Clarification of the mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) development in PDAC is needed to improve the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. This study was aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of MDR of PDAC and to identify genes associated with MDR development. METHODS The gene expression profiles of cell line SW1990 and three drug-selected pancreatic chemoresistant sub-lines, SW1990/5-Fu, SW1990/ADM and SW1990/GEM, were obtained using an oligonucleotide microarray (Affymetrix HG U133 2.0 plus) that contained approximately 38,000 human genes. The microarray results were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. RESULTS There were 165 genes and expressed sequence tags, some of which have never been linked to drug resistance, that were up- or down-regulated at least 2-fold in all resistant sub-lines when compared with SW1990. According to Gene Ontology annotation, differentially expressed genes related to MDR in pancreatic cancer belong to many functional families and with diverse biological processes. Genes related to antioxidant activity, apoptosis, the cell cycle, signal transduction and intracellular adhesion may undergo epigenetic changes preceding MDR development. A hierarchical clustering was conducted and several interesting clusters were discovered that may be primarily related to cell cycle and developmental regulation. A prediction rule was built from the expression profiles of 117 genes after support vector machine (SVM) analysis, and the prediction result was examined by cytotoxic testing. As a result, a differential gene expression pattern was constructed in multidrug resistant pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study prove that construction of a chemoresistance prediction rule, based on gene expression patterns, is practical. These data provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of pancreatic cancer MDR development and may be useful for the detection and treatment of MDR in pancreatic cancer patients.
Use of real time leukaemia data to validate model predictions based on analyses and computer simulations

Predictions arising out of a mathematical model that describes the expansion of leukaemia from a diffusion‐orientated perspective are critiqued and validated by employing available real time data. Based on agreements found between model predictions and the data, but mindful of the limitations it presents, it is concluded that the model could be used to describe the dynamics of normal and abnormal cells in leukaemia. It is suggested that further studies of the behaviour of certain normal cell types in contrast to abnormal cells during leukaemic development could engender additional insights into leukaemia and its treatment.
The Influence of Infomration sensitivity, Compensation on Privacy Concern and Behaviour Intention

The holdbacks of information privacy to online marketing result in scholars’ research passionate around privacy concern. Following the research trend, this study examined the effect of two antecedent factors--information sensitivity and compensation--and their interactions on privacy concern and behaviour intention including information disclosure, protection intention and transaction intention. Two types of information (basic information as less sensitive information;, basic and financial information in purchasing context, basic and identifiable information in job hunting context as more sensitive information) and two types of compensation (30% sale discount as low level of compensation, free job vacation information as high level of compensation) were assigned to approximately reflect the practices in the real world. The experimental results show that privacy concern has negative effect on information disclosure but positive effect on protection intention. Information sensitivity has negative effect on information disclosure and transaction intention but positive effect on protection intention. On the contrary, compensation has positive effect on information disclosure and transaction intention. Moreover, compensation negatively interacts with information sensitivity, which has positive effect on information disclosure. These outcomes imply marketers should beware of the cost-benefits level to obtain accurate personal information.
Characteristics of Bacillus stearothermophilus mutants blocked in catabolic function

With polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and specific staining, it was demonstrated that one mutation involving the alcohol dehydrogenase of a double mutant of Bacillus stearothermophilus 1503 apparently prevented enzyme synthesis, and another lesion in the same organism resulted in synthesis of an inactive form of aconitase. Some properties of the double mutant and two fumarase mutants are discussed in relation to similar mutants derived from Bacillus subtilis.
Production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 by Staphylococcus aureus restricted to endogenous air in tampons

All types of four brands of tampons were tested in triplicate by a tampon sac method for their effect on production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). In this method the available air is limited to that which is in the tampon sac. Tampons were weighed and inserted into dialysis sacs inoculated with a TSST-1-producing Staphylococcus aureus strain; the sacs were submerged into brain heart infusion agar, which was allowed to harden around the sacs, and were incubated for 18 h at 37 degrees C. The tampons were removed, weighed, and extracted; the CFU of staphylococci and the amount of toxin present in the extracts were determined. Glass wool was used in place of the tampons as one control, and inoculated empty sacs were used as a second control. The total CFU were consistently greater than 2 X 10(11) for the tampons and glass wool and less than or equal to 10(11) for the empty sac control. Total toxin production for all tampons tested and the glass wool was 2 to 10 times higher than the toxin produced with the empty sac control. These results indicate that tampons provide increased surface area for the staphylococci to grow and adequate oxygen for toxin production. No significant inhibition of growth of the staphylococci or TSST-1 production by any of the tampons tested was noted.
Correlation of Radiation With Electron and Neutron Signals Taken in a Plasma-Focus Device

In the PF 1000 plasma-focus device, deuterium is used as a filling gas for the study of fast neutrons (originated from D-D fusion reactions) and X-rays. The X-ray signals have two peaks. The first peak corresponds to the time of the minimum diameter of the pinch phase, as recorded by the visible frames. The second peak has its maximum 150 to 200 ns later. The electrons with energy above a few hundreds of kiloelectronvolts are registered mostly at the first peak in both axial directions. Upstream and downstream electrons differ in their intensity (ratio 3 : 1), temporal profile, and time of their maximum. The energy of the neutrons and the time of their generation are determined by the time-of-flight method using six or seven scintillation detectors positioned in the axial direction. Each neutron pulse has a dominant portion of beam-target origin with downstream energies up to 3.2 MeV and the final portion of the neutrons with energies in the range of 2.2 to 2.7 MeV. The evolution of the neutron pulses correlates with the visible frames. The first pulse correlates with the fast downstream motion of the intense radiating axis layer of the pinch and with the forming and existence of the radiating ball-shaped structure at the bottom of the dilating plasma sheath. The second neutron pulse correlates with the exploding of the plasma after the second pinching, and with the forming and existence of the structure of the dense plasma at the bottom of the dilating current sheath, which is similar to the first pulse
Target-Dependent B7-H1 Regulation Contributes to Clearance of Central Nervous Sysyem Infection and Dampens Morbidity1

The neurotropic coronavirus JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus persists in oligodendroglia despite the presence of virus-specific CD8 T cells. Expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and B7-H1 were studied during acute and persistent infection to examine whether this negative regulatory mechanism contributes to CNS viral persistence. The majority of CNS-infiltrating CD8 T cells expressed PD-1, with the highest levels on virus-specific CD8 T cells. Moreover, despite control of infectious virus, CD8 T cells within the CNS of persistently infected mice maintained high PD-1 expression. Analysis of virus-susceptible target cells in vivo revealed that B7-H1 expression was regulated in a cell type-dependent manner. Oligodendroglia and microglia up-regulated B7-H1 following infection; however, although B7-H1 expression on oligodendroglia was prominent and sustained, it was significantly reduced and transient on microglia. Infection of mice deficient in the IFN-γ or IFN-α/β receptor demonstrated that B7-H1 expression on oligodendroglia is predominantly regulated by IFN-γ. Ab blockade of B7-H1 on oligodendroglia in vitro enhanced IFN-γ secretion by virus-specific CD8 T cells. More efficient virus control within the CNS of B7-H1-deficient mice confirmed inhibition of CD8 T cell function in vivo. Nevertheless, the absence of B7-H1 significantly increased morbidity without altering demyelination. These data are the first to demonstrate glia cell type-dependent B7-H1 regulation in vivo, resulting in adverse effects on antiviral CD8 T cell function. However, the beneficial role of PD-1:B7-H1 interactions in limiting morbidity highlights the need to evaluate tissue-specific intervention strategies.
Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: the preliminary experience.

BACKGROUND Recent improvements in video technology and surgical instrumentation have resulted in the application of minimally invasive techniques to many surgical procedures including splenectomy and adrenalectomy. Nephrectomy requires a long flank incision with division of abdominal musculature and possible subcostal nerve damage. Severe postoperative pain and a prolonged recuperative period may result, and the cosmetic outcome may not be satisfactory. A new surgical approach utilizing laparoscopic dissection and delivery of the kidney through a small incision was performed to circumvent these problems. The aim of this paper is to describe the technique of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (LLDN) and present the preliminary outcome. METHODS Over the 12-month period between May 1997 and April 1998, 16 donors underwent donor nephrectomy by a laparoscopic approach. The procedure was assessed with regard to its safety, feasibility and advantages over the open method. RESULTS All the nephrectomies were completed without conversion to an open procedure. The average postoperative pain score on a visual analogue scale of 1-10 was 2 in LLDN. The donors required 36 mg morphine on average over 36 h postoperatively. Postoperative stay averaged 3 days. One donor developed an infective complication along the wound drain tract which settled with adequate drainage and antibiotics. All the removed donor kidneys were transplanted with immediate good function. There were no surgical complications or graft losses. The recipients' serum creatinine was in the range of 96-181 mmol/L 3 months after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Significant potential advantages of LLDN include less postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization and decreased recuperative time. This preliminary experience indicates LLDN to be effective in terms of safety and feasibility.
Pregnancy and diabetes mellitus.

The valuable results already reported, especially during the last few years, about the enzymatic and hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism seem to promise more success in the attempt to eliminate the high fetal and neonatal mortality in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus, which still prevails in spite of the use of insulin. Of the three main problems characterizing the pre-insulin period, viz., low fertility among diabetics, high maternal mortality and high fetal mortality, two are now satisfactorily controlled by the modern forms of insulin therapy. The low fertility (2\p=m-\6per cent, Lecorche, 1885, and Skipper, 1933) in diabetics, which was a common feature before the introduction of insulin therapy, and which
The muon (g - 2) anomaly and a new light vector boson

This mini review aims to outline the main experimental and theoretical results related with the search for a new light vector boson proposed as a solution of the muon $g-2$ anomaly. Additionally, I consider a model with infinite number of light vector bosons which can explain the anomaly, while still remaining consistent with current experimental bounds.
On magnetostrophic inertia-less waves in quasi-geostrophic models of planetary cores

We investigate quasi-geostrophic waves in a rotating spherical shell permeated by an imposed magnetic field . A projection of the momentum equation onto a well chosen class of velocity fields results in a quasi-geostrophic reduced model where, in contrast with previous such models, the evolution of the velocity is not prescribed by an equation for the axial vorticity. We consider fields that may be longitudinally dependent. Increasing the angular rotation frequency, we find that the non-axisymmetric Alfvén waves that are present at low rotation morph into inertial waves, torsional Alfvén waves and low frequency magnetostrophic waves that satisfy Taylor’s constraint (i.e. vanishing acceleration of the geostrophic cylinders by the magnetic forces).
Dynamic property is a key determinant for protein–protein interactions

Dynamic property is highly correlated with the biological functions of macromolecules, such as the activity and specificity of enzymes and the allosteric regulation in the signal transduction process. Applications of the dynamic property to protein function researches have been discussed and encouraging progresses have been achieved, for example, in enzyme activity and protein–protein docking studies. However, how the global dynamic property contributes to protein–protein interaction was still unclear. We have studied the dynamic property in protein–protein interactions based on Gaussian Network Model and applied it to classify biological and nonbiological protein–protein complexes in crystal structures. The global motion correlation between residues from the two protomers was found to be remarkably different for biological and nonbiological complexes. This correlation has been used to discriminate biological and nonbiological complexes in crystal and gave a classification rate of 86.9% in the cross‐validation test. The innovation of this feature is that it is a global dynamic property which does not rely directly on the interfacial properties of the complex. In addition, the correlation of the global motions was found to be weakly correlated with the dissociation rate constant of protein complexes. We suggest that the dynamic property is a key determinant for protein–protein interaction, which can be used to discriminate native and crystal complexes and potentially be applied in protein–protein dynamic rate constants estimations. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Leptin Receptor Isoforms in vitro: Lack of Effects of Leptin on Endometrial Cytokine and MMP Production

Problem: Leptin has a key role to play in human female reproduction. Its receptor is expressed highly throughout the reproductive tract. Cytokines have an important role in preparing the endometrium for implantation and leptin is known to modulate cytokine production in other tissues. We, therefore, investigated the possible role of leptin in endometrial growth and function.
Support Vector Machines in Bioinformatics: a Survey

Many scientists and researchers have been considering Support Vector Machines (SVMs) as one of the most powerful and robust algorithm in machine learning. For this reason, they have been used in many fields, such as pattern recognition, image processing, robotics, and many others. Since their appearance in 1995, from an idea of Vladimir Vapnik, bioinformatics community started to use this new technique to solve the most common classification and clustering problems in the biomolecular domain. In this document, we first give a general description of Support Vector Machine technique, a technique based on the statistical learning theory (Section 1). Then we provide a survey of the many applications of the algorithm in the bioinformatics domain (Section 2). Finally, we report a short list of SVM implementation codes available on the internet (Section 3). About this survey This document is freely available and can be download from http://www.DavideChicco. it author’s website. Alessandro Lazaric (INRIA, Lille, France, EU) kindly supervised and corrected this document before publication.
The Hidden Curriculum in Multicultural Medical Education: The Role of Case Examples

Explicit cross-cultural learning experiences in medical education are provided within the context of implicit experiences provided by a greater “hidden curriculum. ” The authors conducted a content analysis of 983 cases presented in the 1996-1998 year one and year two curriculum at the University of Minnesota Medical School to determine in what ways they might embody elements of the hidden curriculum, i.e., how they either supported or undermined explicit messages about diverse patient populations. Cases were coded for demographic variables, potential risk factors, and diagnoses or presenting problems. The findings revealed that cases featuring males out-numbered those featuring females; this ratio differed across courses, and appeared to differ from the actual epidemiology of the conditions. Sexual orientation was specified infrequently. When sexual orientation and behavior were specified, these appeared in the context of a risk assessment for particular diseases (e.g., HIV infection). Most cases did not provide racial or ethnic descriptions. For many of the ethnic descriptors, links to genetic, cultural, or socioeconomic factors were apparent; no such link was apparent when the racial terms “white” or “Caucasian” were used. Analysis of the 983 cases shows that the pattern of demographics and associations of particular groups with diseases or risk factors in cases conveys messages, as does the lack of mention of sexual orientation and race or ethnicity. These messages are inconsistent with and may undermine the formal multicultural medical curriculum. The results suggest a need for formal deliberation of this aspect of the curriculum by curriculum planners.
Diabetes and depression in pregnancy: is there an association?

BACKGROUND Prior studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association of antenatal depression with pregnancy-related diabetes. This study examined the association of diabetes and antenatal depression. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective cohort study of pregnant women receiving prenatal care at a single University of Washington Medical Center clinic between January 2004 and January 2009. The primary exposure was diabetes in pregnancy (no diabetes, preexisting diabetes, or gestational diabetes [GDM]). Antenatal depression was defined by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score or current use of antidepressants. Antenatal depression was coded as (1) any depression (probable major or minor depression by PHQ-9 or current antidepressant use) and (2) major depression (probable major depression by PHQ-9 or current antidepressant use). Logistic regression was used to quantify the association between diabetes in pregnancy and antenatal depression. RESULTS The prevalences of preexisting diabetes, GDM, any antenatal depression, and major antenatal depression were 9%, 18%, 13.6%, and 9.8%, respectively. In the unadjusted analysis, women with preexisting diabetes had 54% higher odds of any antenatal depression compared to those without diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-2.21). After adjusting for important covariates the association was attenuated (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.79-1.71). Results were similar for antenatal major depression. GDM was not associated with increased odds for any antenatal depression or antenatal major depression. CONCLUSIONS Neither preexisting diabetes nor GDM was independently associated with increased risk of antenatal depression.