Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation between reaction time and speed in elite soccer players.

Relationship between reaction speed and some psychomotor abilities of sprinters The aims of this study to identify the reaction time of the sprinters, and to know the psychomotor abilities of the sprinters, and to identify the relationship between the reaction time and the psychomotor abilities of the sprinters, the researchers used the descriptive approach and the basic study was applied to a deliberate sample of (15) sprinters high level and registered in the Egyptian Athletics Federation. Measurements were made and analyzed and data were extracted for the biomechanical analysis and the Vienna test. The most important results were the presence of a relationship between the variables of reaction speed, attention, concentration, Determination Test (DT), 10 m and reaction time.There is a direct relationship between each of the number of wrong responses Incorrect (Raw) and the time of 10 m for the sprinters. And also where there is a direct relationship between each of the number of incorrect responses (Incorrect (Raw) and the reaction time of the sprinters). There is an inverse relationship between the number of incorrect responses (PR) and the reaction time of the sprinters, and there is a correlation between the variables of reaction time (RT) and reaction time 10 m and reaction time, and there is an inverse relationship between No reaction (Raw) and time The reaction of the enemy runners. , There is no relationship between Cognitrone (COG) variables, attention, focus, 10 m and reaction time.
Plasma 1α-Hydroxycorticosterone as Biomarker for Acute Stress in Catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula)

Glucocorticoids are pleiotropic steroid hormones mediating redistribution of energy. They induce breakdown of glycogen stores and consequent plasma hyperglycaemia after stressful situations. Glucocorticoid actions in most vertebrate species are exerted by cortisol and corticosterone. However, 1α-hydroxycorticosterone is the dominant corticosteroid hormone in elasmobranchs, though its effects as a glucocorticoid are unknown. Here we demonstrate, by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of 1α-hydroxycorticosterone in plasma of the elasmobranch Scyliorhinus canicula, the response of this hormone to an acute-stress situation and for the first time its glucocorticoid action in elasmobranchs. After an acute air-exposure challenge, S. canicula increased plasma levels of 1α-hydroxycorticosterone altogether with enhanced glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways to fuel energy demanding tissues, such as white muscle, during the first hours after the stress situation. We foresee our study as a starting point to evaluate stress responses in elasmobranchs, as well as for future applications in the management of these key ecosystem species.
Age Differences, Age Changes, and Generalizability in Marathon Running by Master Athletes

This study examines the world’s Top 100 age class performance times by Master athletes in marathon running. The predominant paradigm for this type of research assumes that the outcomes represent a “virtual” cross-sectional study with important implications about aging. This article critiques this perspective and presents alternative models that include temporal dimensions that relate to cohort differences, age changes and historical transitions. One purpose of this study is to compare these models with respect to goodness of fit to the data. A second purpose is to evaluate the generalizability of findings from the fastest divisional age class quartile to the slower quartiles. Archival listings by the Association of Road Racing Statisticians include a maximum of 100 fastest age class performances in marathon running performances by men and women. This database includes 937 performances by 387 men performances and 856 performances by 301 women. The mean ages are 62.05 years for men and 60.5 years for women. The mean numbers of performances per runner are 6.64 for men and 6.4 for women. Analysis by mixed linear modeling (MLM) indicates best goodness of fit for logarithms of performance time by a model that includes linear and quadratic expressions of age at entry into the database (termed “entry cohort”) and subsequent age changes (termed “elapsed age”) as variables. Findings with this model show higher performance times in women than men. Rates of increase in performance time are higher at older cohort ages and elapsed ages. Performance time increases with interactions between cohort age and elapsed age, cohort age and gender, and elapsed age and gender (i.e., with greater increases in women than men). Finally, increases in performance time with cohort age and elapsed age are higher in slower than faster performance quartiles, with athletes in the faster quartiles more likely to have multiple data entries and athletes in the slower quartiles single data entries. Implications of these findings are discussed.
TIMP-1 Attenuates the Development of Inflammatory Pain Through MMP-Dependent and Receptor-Mediated Cell Signaling Mechanisms

Unresolved inflammation is a significant predictor for developing chronic pain, and targeting the mechanisms underlying inflammation offers opportunities for therapeutic intervention. During inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity contributes to tissue remodeling and inflammatory signaling, and is regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). TIMP-1 and -2 have known roles in pain, but only in the context of MMP inhibition. However, TIMP-1 also has receptor-mediated cell signaling functions that are not well understood. Here, we examined how TIMP-1-dependent cell signaling impacts inflammatory hypersensitivity and ongoing pain. We found that hindpaw injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) increased cutaneous TIMP-1 expression that peaked prior to development of mechanical hypersensitivity, suggesting that TIMP-1 inhibits the development of inflammatory hypersensitivity. To examine this possibility, we injected TIMP-1 knockout (T1KO) mice with CFA and found that T1KO mice exhibited rapid onset thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity at the site of inflammation that was absent or attenuated in WT controls. We also found that T1KO mice exhibited hypersensitivity in adjacent tissues innervated by different sets of afferents, as well as skin contralateral to the site of inflammation. Replacement of recombinant murine (rm)TIMP-1 alleviated hypersensitivity when administered at the site and time of inflammation. Administration of either the MMP inhibiting N-terminal or the cell signaling C-terminal domains recapitulated the antinociceptive effect of full-length rmTIMP-1, suggesting that rmTIMP-1inhibits hypersensitivity through MMP inhibition and receptor-mediated cell signaling. We also found that hypersensitivity was not due to genotype-specific differences in MMP-9 activity or expression, nor to differences in cytokine expression. Administration of rmTIMP-1 prevented mechanical hypersensitivity and ongoing pain in WT mice, collectively suggesting a novel role for TIMP-1 in the attenuation of inflammatory pain.
Liposome-Encapsulated Morphine Affords a Prolonged Analgesia While Facilitating Extinction of Reward and Aversive Memories

Morphine is thoroughly used for pain control; however, it has a high addictive potential. Opioid liposome formulations produce controlled drug release and have been thoroughly tested for pain treatment although their role in addiction is still unknown. This study investigated the effects of free morphine and morphine encapsulated in unilamellar and multilamellar liposomes on antinociception and on the expression and extinction of the positive and negative memories associated with environmental cues. The hot plate test was used to measure central pain. The rewarding effects of morphine were analyzed by the conditioned-place preference (CPP) test, and the aversive aspects of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal were evaluated by the conditioned-place aversion (CPA) paradigm. Our results show that encapsulated morphine yields prolonged antinociceptive effects compared with the free form, and that CPP and CPA expression were similar in the free- or encapsulated-morphine groups. However, we demonstrate, for the first time, that morphine encapsulation reduces the duration of reward and aversive memories, suggesting that this technological process could transform morphine into a potentially less addictive drug. Morphine encapsulation in liposomes could represent a pharmacological approach for enhancing extinction, which might lead to effective clinical treatments in drug addiction with fewer side effects.
Multicenter Study Demonstrates Standardization Requirements for Mold Identification by MALDI-TOF MS

Objectives Rapid and accurate mold identification is critical for guiding therapy for mold infections. MALDI-TOF MS has been widely adopted for bacterial and yeast identification; however, few clinical laboratories have applied this technology for routine mold identification due to limited database availability and lack of standardized processes. Here, we evaluated the versatility of the NIH Mold Database in a multicenter evaluation. Methods The NIH Mold Database was evaluated by eight US academic centers using a solid media extraction method and a challenge set of 80 clinical mold isolates. Multiple instrument parameters important for spectra optimization were evaluated, leading to the development of two specialized acquisition programs (NIH method and the Alternate-B method). Results A wide range in performance (33–77%) was initially observed across the eight centers when routine spectral acquisition parameters were applied. Use of the NIH or the Alternate-B specialized acquisition programs, which are different than those used routinely for bacterial and yeast spectral acquisition (MBT_AutoX), in combination with optimized instrument maintenance, improved performance, illustrating that acquisition parameters may be one of the key limiting variable in achieving successful performance. Conclusion Successful mold identification using the NIH Database for MALDI-TOF MS on Biotyper systems was demonstrated across multiple institutions for the first time following identification of critical program parameters combined with instrument optimization. This significantly advances our potential to implement MALDI-TOF MS for mold identification across many institutions. Because instrument variability is inevitable, development of an instrument performance standard specific for mold spectral acquisition is suggested to improve reproducibility across instruments.
Topographical Disorientation: Clinical and Theoretical Significance of Long-Lasting Improvements Following Imagery-Based Training

Neuropsychological studies on acquired topographical disorientation have provided useful insights into the contribution of different brain regions to human navigation. However, little is known about the possibility to restore navigational skills after brain damage. Here we describe the case of No Longer Lost (NLL), a 49-year-old man who complained of severe topographical disorientation following traumatic brain injury. Extensive neuropsychological evaluation at baseline revealed selective episodic memory deficits and topographical disorientation. NLL underwent 8-week imagery-based treatment (IBT) inspired by current cognitive models of human spatial navigation. After IBT, NLL improved topographical skills and episodic memory. From a clinical point of view, the present study describes a model-based intervention for topographical disorientation. From a theoretical point of view, it provides new insights into the cognitive models of human spatial navigation and straightforward evidence about common phylogenetic roots of brain mechanisms devoted to spatial navigation and memory.
Stress level of shopkeepers and its relationship with their physical activity and body mass index: A cross-sectional study in a marketplace of Kolkata, West Bengal

Quick Response Code: Abstract Background and Objectives: Shopkeepers due to their sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity are more likely to suffer from high level of stress which, in turn, may increase the risk of various chronic diseases among them. The study aims to assess the stress level and its associated factors among shopkeepers. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross‐sectional community‐based study conducted from May to July 2016, among 147 shopkeepers in a permanent marketplace of Kolkata with a structured schedule. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS (version 16). Results: The mean stress score of the study participants was 8.1 ± 2.3. Only 43.7% of them were doing a moderate physical activity (≥600 MET‐min/week). There was moderate correlation between stress and physical activity (ρ = 0.374, P = 0.000). Other significant correlates of stress were age (t = 2.132, P = 0.035), tobacco consumption (ρ = 0.167, P = 0.043), body mass index (ρ = 0.299, P = 0.000), and hypertension (ρ = 0.165, P = 0.046). Conclusions: Stress level among the study population was high with only two‐fifths of them doing a moderate amount of physical activity. Health education regarding the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, i.e., regular physical activity, weight reduction, and quitting addiction should be given to them regularly to reduce their stress level and reduction of their risk of developing various chronic diseases.
Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic wave versus low-level laser therapy in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized trial

Background Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as pain during menstruation, and it affects participation in daily activities. Objective This study was conducted to compare and add evidence between the effect of pulsed electromagnetic wave and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Participants and methods A total of 50 female students complained of primary dysmenorrhea, with age ranging from 16 to 22 years and BMI from 18.5 to 25 kg/m2. They were divided randomly into two equal groups − group A comprised 25 female students who received Pulsed electromagnetic field, and group B comprised 25 female students who received LLLT. Samples of blood were taken before and after treatment to detect the level of prostaglandins in blood. Present pain intensity scale (Ppi) is used for the assessment of pain before and after treatment. Results There was a significant reduction (P<0.05), in prostaglandin level in both groups post-treatment; when comparing between groups there was no statistical significant difference (P>0.05), whereas there was a clinical difference in favor of group A. In addition, there was a statistically significant reduction (P=0.0001) post-treatment in Ppi scale in both groups. When comparing between both groups, there was a significant reduction (P=0.0001), in Ppi and this significant reduction was in favor of group A. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that both pulsed electromagnetic waves and LLLT are effective methods in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, with better effects of pulsed electromagnetic waves than LLLT.
Clinical outcome of patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) treated with primary coronary stenting within 24 h of the onset of symptoms. Methods We enrolled 100 patients (50 diabetics and 50 nondiabetics) admitted to the coronary care units of Benha University hospitals and National Heart Institute from January 2015 to December 2015 with acute MI treated with primary coronary stenting within 24 h of the onset of symptoms. Clinical outcome was observed in every patient for major adverse cardiac events and hospital stay. Echocardiography was also performed before the patient’s discharge from the hospital. Patients were followed up at 3 months for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. Results The diabetic patients showed higher incidence of hypertension (P=0.003), renal impairment (P=0.045) and dyslipidemia (P=0.05) and also higher incidence of heart failure (P=0.013) during admission and higher mean serum creatinine kinase MB mass assay levels (P=0.005). There were no statistically significant differences in other variables. Procedural success was similar in the two groups. With regard to in-hospital clinical course, diabetic patients were more likely to have early post-MI heart failure (P=0.013), target vessel revascularization (P=0.037) and longer hospital stay (P=0.019). At 3 months, diabetic patients were significantly more likely to experience revascularization (P=0.045) and were more likely to be rehospitalized for acute coronary syndrome and decompensated heart failure (P=0.037); however, there was no significant difference in mortality (P=0.307). Conclusion Compared with nondiabetics, diabetic patients are more likely to have early post-MI heart failure, target vessel revascularization, and longer hospital stay. Moreover, diabetic patients are significantly more likely to experience revascularization and are more likely to be rehospitalized for acute coronary syndrome or decompensated heart failure.
How Should Automated Vehicles Interact with Pedestrians?: A Comparative Analysis of Interaction Concepts in Virtual Reality

Automated vehicles (AVs) introduce a new challenge to human-computer interaction (HCI): pedestrians are no longer able to communicate with human drivers. Hence, new HCI designs need to fill this gap. This work presents the implementation and comparison of different interaction concepts in virtual reality (VR). They were derived after an analysis of 28 works from research and industry, which were classified into five groups according to their complexity and the type of communication. We implemented one concept per group for a within-subject experiment in VR. For each concept, we varied if the AV is going to stop and how early it starts to activate its display. We observed effects on safety, trust, and user experience. A good concept displays information on the street, uses unambiguous signals (e.g., green lights) and has high visibility. Additional feedback, such as continuously showing the recognized pedestrian's location, seem to be unnecessary and may irritate.
Understanding the Messages Conveyed by Automated Vehicles

Efficient and safe interactions between automated vehicles and other road users can be supported through external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI). The success of these interactions relies on the eHMI signals being adequately understood by other road users. A paired-comparison forced choice task (Task 1), and a 6-point rating task (Task 2) were used to assess the extent to which ten different eHMI signals conveyed three separate messages, 'I am giving way', 'I am in automated mode' and 'I will start moving'. The different eHMI options consisted of variations of a 360° lightband, a single lamp, and an auditory signal. Results demonstrated that the same eHMI format could convey different messages equally well, suggesting a need to be cautious when designing eHMI, to avoid presenting misleading, potentially unsafe, information. Future research should investigate whether the use of an eHMI signal indicating a change in the AV's behaviour is sufficient for conveying intention.
Cooperative Overtaking: Overcoming Automated Vehicles' Obstructed Sensor Range via Driver Help

Automated vehicles will eventually operate safely without the need of human supervision and fallback, nevertheless, scenarios will remain that are managed more efficiently by a human driver. A common approach to overcome such weaknesses is to shift control to the driver. Control transitions are challenging due to human factor issues like post-automation behavior changes. We thus investigated cooperative overtaking wherein driver and vehicle complement each other: drivers support the vehicle to perceive the traffic scene and decide when to execute a maneuver whereas the system steers. We explored two maneuver approval and cancel techniques on touchscreens, and show that cooperative overtaking is feasible, both interaction techniques provide good usability and were preferred over manual maneuver execution. However, participants disregarded rear traffic in more complex situations. Consequently, system weaknesses can be overcome with cooperation, but drivers should be assisted by an adaptive system.
Systematic review of the use of debates in health professions education – does it work?

Background: It is unavoidable for learners undergoing health professions training to encounter different complex clinical scenarios related to diagnoses, treatment and ethical dilemmas. The lack of standard answers to such clinical challenges can cause uncertainty in the process of teaching, learning and assessment as learners grapple with the need to critically appraise the specific context, past practices and extant literature to arrive at a thoughtful decision. In this aspect, debate can be a useful pedagogical tool to consider multiple, different perspectives regarding these issues. As the use of debate within the health professions education has not been reviewed, we conducted a systematic review of the current literature on the adoption of debate as a pedagogical tool to clarify the specific context of use as well as its effectiveness in the learning of skills and content within the health professions education. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on relevant published literature in English within journal databases until September 2018 that employed debate as a pedagogical tool within health professions education. Results: Out of 626 screened articles, 12 studies were finally included based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The 12 studies (9 undergraduate, 3 postgraduate) covered a diverse range of disciplines and debate in health professions education was adopted for acquisition of skills (such as critical thinking, communication skills, teamwork), or learning of specific topics (such as patient safety, ethical issues, teaching of new topics) as well as to examine evidence based practice. In the majority of studies (10 of 12 studies, 83.3%), debate has been deemed by the learners to be effective in facilitating the learning of new content and skills such as communication and critical thinking, which are related to processes aligned with adult learning, motivational, reflective and social learning theories. Conclusion: Overall, sparse studies to date with relatively low risk of bias found debate to be effective in enabling the learning of skills and content within health professions education. Future studies may want to incorporate more objective measures of the learning outcomes of learners following the adoption of debate as a teaching tool as well as to examine the combinatorial use of debate with other pedagogical tools and their longitudinal impact on learners and learning.