Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random regret and random utility in the household purchase of a motor vehicle

Random utility maximisation is the preeminent behavioural theory used to model choices. An alternative paradigm, however, is random regret minimisation. While the majority of the literature examines the choices of individuals, this paper compares the choices of groups, as well individuals, in both the utility maximisation and regret minimisation frameworks and explores the influence household members have with respect to an automobile purchase decision within an interactive agency choice experiment. Regret minimisation is shown to be the preferred behavioural mechanism for groups and individuals within groups who shoulder a high degree of responsibility for the choice of the group.
Decision Time and Home-To-Hospital Delay Pre-Hospital Delay in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome : Factors Associated with Patient

Background: Pre-hospital delays in patients experiencing acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remain unacceptably long. Aims: To examine simultaneously a wide range of clinical, sociodemographic and situational factors associated with total pre-hospital delay and its two components. Methods: Pre-hospital delay data were collected from 228 patients with ACS using patient's medical notes and semi-structured interviews. Total pre-hospital delay (symptom onset to hospital admission) was divided into 2 components: decision time (symptom onset to call for medical help), and home-to-hospital delay (call for help to hospital admission). Results: Shorter total pre-hospital delays and decision times were associated with ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI), recognizing symptoms as cardiac in origin, being married, symptom onset outside the home and the presence of a bystander. Shorter home-to-hospital delays were more likely among younger patients, those experiencing an STEMI, and patients reporting a greater number of symptoms. Initial contact with emergency medical services was related to shorter total delays and decision times. Conclusions: Different factors were associated with shorter times in the 2 component phases. Greater understanding of the factors impacting on the component phases may help target interventions more effectively and reduce pre-hospital delays. © 2008 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Impact of savanna fire scars on heat and moisture fluxes to the atmosphere and feedbacks to the local boundary layer

The far north of Australia or “Top End” as it is commonly known, is characterised by a beautiful yet fire prone landscape. Dominated by tropical savannas this relatively unpopulated area is subject to frequent burning from both anthropogenic and natural causes. Huge tracts (~250,000km2) of savanna are burnt annually within Australia, resulting in changes to heat and moisture fluxes to the atmosphere and feedbacks, through boundary layer change to local and regional climate. This study focused on the physical changes to the savanna landscape caused by fire and the resultant effects of fire scars on boundary layer heating. Albedo values were found to almost halve after fire ranging from 0.12 pre-burn to 0.07 post-burn. In addition there was a fundamental change in energy partitioning, with a reduction in evapotranspiration and an increase in sensible heating. This was evident in recorded Bowen ratio values for a moderate burn of 1.6 pre-burn compared to 7.0 post-burn. The effects of these changes in surface properties and energy partitioning on the boundary layer was measured through vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction, using a tethered balloon and radiosonde. A total of 172 soundings were conducted over burnt and unburnt sites during 24-hour periods. It was found that the burnt site was on average between 0.5-2.0oC warmer and up to 15% dryer than the unburnt site up to a maximum measured height of 500m. Maximum heating occurred between 12:00pm and 3:00pm, with the burnt site also losing more heat to the overlying atmosphere at night. Overall it was found that, when not affected by a local area sea breeze, the burnt site (fire scar) was warmer and drier with a deeper more well mixed boundary layer. These boundary layer changes resulting from fire scars can further impact the atmosphere leading to the possible formation of mesocale circulations. With fire scars throughout the Northern Territory often reaching into the hundreds of square kilometres, the impact on the regional scale and beyond may become significant.
Teachers’ Perspectives on Contributions of a Prairie Restoration Project to Elementary Students’ Environmental Literacy

Place-based environmental education draws on childhood experiences in nature that foster place-conscious connections to the local bioregion, and intentionally cultivate children’s relationships with nature on a trajectory toward increased environmental literacy. Even though opportunities for children to bond with the local natural environment are paramount for developing responsible environmental behavior and ultimately an environmentally literate citizenry, few elementary schools prioritize such experiences. The present study focused on a place-based approach to developing environmental literacy through elementary students’ participation in a prairie restoration project. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ perspectives on how a prairie restoration project impacted elementary students’ environmental literacy. Based in an interpretive paradigm, this qualitative case study involved seven teacher-participants from two schools, and drew on data collected from field trip observations, classroom observations, interviews, and artifacts over a span of one academic year. Findings indicated that teachers’ fostered six components of environmental literacy through the prairie restoration project: feeling at ease in nature, appreciation and respect for nature, wonder and curiosity, awareness of ecological interdependence, sense of agency to restore nature, and responsibility and service toward environmental protection. Two or three of these empirically-derived themes corresponded with each stage of David Sobel’s three-stage model for the development of place-based relationships between children and nature. The correspondence between Sobel’s model and the study’s six themes resulted in a promising framework to support curriculum design by providing focal points for particular dimensions of each stage of Sobel’s model. Placed-based approaches like the prairie restoration project can foster valuable components of children’s relationships with nature on a trajectory toward increased environmental literacy.
Progenitor Cells in Development and Regeneration of the Hair Follicle The Dermal Papilla : An Instructive Niche for Epithelial Stem and

Cell Therapy in Dermatology McGrath Gabriela Petrof, Alya Abdul-Wahab and John A. Receptors in Skin Diversification and Specialization of Touch David M. Owens and Ellen A. Lumpkin Melanocytes and Their Diseases Yuji Yamaguchi and Vincent J. Hearing in Skin Biology Long Noncoding RNA: Significance and Potential Derrick C. Wan and Kevin C. Wang Adipocytes in Skin Health and Disease Valerie Horsley Guillermo Rivera-Gonzalez, Brett Shook and An Overview of Alopecias Ji Qi and Luis A. Garza
Leadership in Health Services Patient loyalty model : An extended theory of planned behavior perspective ( a case study in Bogor , Indonesia )

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the simultaneous effect of subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and trust on patient loyalty. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical data were collected through survey. The respondents of the survey are 157 patients of a health-care service institution in Bogor, Indonesia. Multiple regressions analysis was performed to test the conceptual model and the proposed hypotheses. Findings – The findings showed that subjective norm and trust influence patient loyalty positively. However, this research also found that perceived behavioral control does not influence patient loyalty significantly. Research limitations/implications – The survey was only conducted at one health-care service institution in Bogor, Indonesia. In addition, convenience sampling method was used. These conditions may cause that the research results can not be generalized to the other contexts. Therefore, replication research is needed to test the stability of the findings in the other contexts. Practical implications – Health-care service institutions need to pay attention to trust and subjective norm to establish patient loyalty. Originality/value – This study is believed to be the first to develop and test patient loyalty model that includes subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and trust.
The Analysis Impact of Agency Cost and Transaction Cost To Dividend Payout Ratio of Go Public Firms In Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis impact of agency cost and transaction cost to devidend payout ratio of go public firms in indonesia. The results showed that agency cost and transaction cost have a significant effect on the devidend payout ratio of go public firms in indonesia. Furthermore it was found that the analysis impact of agency cost and transaction cost to devidend payout ratio of go public firms in indonesia. Keywords : Agency Cost, Transaction Cost, Devidend Payout Ratio, Go Public Firms
Final nasal variation in Merida, Yucatan

This article investigates the linguistic and social constraints on final nasal variation in Yucatan Spanish (YS), based on data collected in Merida, Yucatan. Absolute final nasals in YS may surface variably as: [n], [ŋ], o or [m] (e.g. pan → [pam], ‘bread’). The results reveal a distribution of final nasal realization unique to YS, as well as detail its patterning throughout the community. Unlike some previous findings, the data under investigation here demonstrate [n] to be the preferred nasal variant, accounting for 60% of tokens. Regional variant [m] accounts for 25%, while [ŋ] and o were infrequent variants, arising 8% and 5% of the time, respectively. Standard [n] occurs mostly among older speakers and Spanish monolinguals. Bilabial [m], however, is a recent innovation, led by younger speakers, women, and Mayan-Spanish bilinguals. The realization [m] may serve as a marker of regional identity for some speakers. For others, though, this variant is becoming a linguistic stereotype, as suggested by qualitative data from speaker comments and instances of [m] in the popular culture, including on internet websites.
Host status differences and their relevance to damage by Meloidogyne incognita

Four populations of Meloidogyne incognita were tested on 57 species of plants from temperate and tropical regions. Juveniles of one or more populations invaded, and induced galls on almost all plants. Except for the population from the West Indies which induced most galls on Nicotiana spp. , there was no obvious relationship between the origins of populations and their ability to induce galls on plants from particular regions. Although most plants were hosts for all four populations, many produced only a few galls/egg masses with some of the populations. The differences in galling between populations, and the interaction with plant species were both significant (P < 0.001). Poor hosts often contained fewer juveniles and the rate of juvenile development was often decreased compared with good hosts. Solanum nigrum was an exception in that it was invaded by fewer juveniles than susceptible tomato, but rates of development were similar. The effect of host status differences in four plant species on damage by M. incognita was investigated but only the growth of susceptible tomato was decreased. The growth of the non-host Urtica dioica, of the poor host Datura metal, and of an intermediate host S. nigrum, was unaffected. Unterschiede im Wirtsstatus und ihre Bedeutung fur den durch Meloidogyne incognita verursachten Schaden - Vier Populationen von Meloidogyne incognita wurden an 57 Pflanzenarten aus gemassigten und tropischen Gebieten gepruft. Juvenile einer oder mehrerer Populationen wanderten in fast alle Pflanzen ein und induzierten Gallen. Mit Ausnahme der Population von den Westindischen Inseln, die an Nicotiana spp. die meisten Gallen induzierte, bestand keine deutliche Beziehung zwischen der Herkunft der Populationen und ihrer Fahigkeit, an Pflanzen bestimmter Gebiete Gallbildung zu induzieren. Obwohl die meisten Pflanzen Wirte fur alle vier Populationen waren, bildeten viele von ihnen mit einigen Populationen nur wenige Gallen/Eimassen. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Populationen in Bezug auf Gallbildung und auf Wechselwirkungen mit den Pflanzen waren beide significant (P < 0.001). Schlechte Wirte enthielten oft weniger Juvenile als gute Wirte, und die Entwicklungsrate der Juvenilen war oft vermindert im Vergleich zu guten Wirten. Solanum nigrum bildete insofern eine Ausnahme, als weniger Juvenile eindrangen als in anfallige Tomaten, die Entwicklungsraten aber ahnlich waren. Die Wirkung der Unterschiede im Wirtsstatus auf die Schadigung durch M. incognita wurde an vier Pflanzenarten untersucht. Nur das Wachstum von anfalligen Tomaten wurde vermindert. Das Wachstum des Nichtwirtes Urtica dioica, des schlechten Wirtes Datura metal und des massig guten Wirtes S. nigrum wurde nicht beeinflusst.
TRACKING THE SOLAR CYCLE THROUGH IBEX OBSERVATIONS OF ENERGETIC NEUTRAL ATOM FLUX VARIATIONS AT THE HELIOSPHERIC POLES

With seven years of Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observations, from 2009 to 2015, we can now trace the time evolution of heliospheric energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) through over half a solar cycle. At the north and south ecliptic poles, the spacecraft attitude allows for continuous coverage of the ENA flux; thus, signal from these regions has much higher statistical accuracy and time resolution than anywhere else in the sky. By comparing the solar wind dynamic pressure measured at 1 au with the heliosheath plasma pressure derived from the observed ENA fluxes, we show that the heliosheath pressure measured at the poles correlates well with the solar cycle. The analysis requires time-shifting the ENA measurements to account for the travel time out and back from the heliosheath, which allows us to estimate the scale size of the heliosphere in the polar directions. We arrive at an estimated distance to the center of the ENA source region in the north of 220 au and in the south a distance of 190 au. We also find a good correlation between the solar cycle and the ENA energy spectra at the poles. In particular, the ENA flux for the highest IBEX energy channel (4.3 keV) is quite closely correlated with the areas of the polar coronal holes, in both the north and south, consistent with the notion that polar ENAs at this energy originate from pickup ions of the very high speed wind (∼700 km s−1) that emanates from polar coronal holes.
Soil‐like deposits observed by Sojourner, the Pathfinder rover

Most of the soil-like materials at the Pathfinder landing site behave like moderately dense soils on Earth with friction angles near 34°–39° and are called cloddy deposits. Cloddy deposits appear to be poorly sorted with dust-sized to granule-sized mineral or rock grains; they may contain pebbles, small rock fragments, and clods. Thin deposits of porous, compressible drifts with friction angles near 26°–28° are also present. Drifts are fine grained. Cohesions of both types of deposits are small. There may be indurated soil-like deposits and/or coated or crusted rocks. Cloddy deposits may be fluvial sediments of the Ares-Tiu floods, but other origins, such as ejecta from nearby impact craters, should be considered. Drifts are probably dusts that settled from the Martian atmosphere. Remote-sensing signatures of the deposits inferred from rover observations are consistent with those observed from orbit and Earth.
Phylogenetic study on Microcotyle sp . ( Monogenea ) from common dentex ( Dentex dentex ) in the Mediterranean Sea , Greece

The monogenean Microcotyle sp. was isolated from common dentex in the Sea of Crete, the part of the Mediterranean Sea. The 28S rRNA gene of Microcotyle sp. was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was sequenced and compared with other 28S rRNA sequences of Monogenea. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with neighbour-joining (NJ), minimum evolution (ME), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) method. The result of analysis shows that NJ and ME method presented the same topology; ML method led to a similar but slightly different topology from NJ or ME method; MP method resulted in a totally different topology from the other methods. Also, Microcotyle sp. isolated in this study was proven to be closest to Microcotylidae gen. sp. MAF-2012 and Bivagina pagrosomi.
Diagnostic Value of HbA 1 c Level in Behcet ’ s Disease and Evaluation of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio , Mean Platelet Volume and Body Mass Index

Background: Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder. T cells, neutrophils, inflammatory vasculitis and endothelial injury were implicated in the pathogenesis of BD. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a minor component of hemoglobin to which glucose is bound, and it was reported to be associated with intimamedia thickness, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in nondiabetic patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between markers of glucose metabolism and BD in non-diabetic individuals. To the best of our knowledge, this planned study was the first evaluating the glucose metabolism with HbA1c levels and correlating it with body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles and the other inflammatory markers (mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) and sedimentation) in BD. Methods: Sixty-four patients and 64 controls were enrolled in this study. Clinical manifestations of the disease were recorded. Laboratory analysis including HbA1c, hemogram, hematocrit, platelet count, liver function tests, complete blood count, urine analysis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, MPV, lipid testes including low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were measured. Height, weight and BMI of patients
Feedback by massive stars and the emergence of superbubbles - I. Energy efficiency and Vishniac instabilities

Context. Massive stars influence their environment via stellar winds , ionising radiation and supernova explosions. This is sign ified by observed interstellar bubbles. Such “feedback” is an important factor for galaxy evolution theory and galactic wind models. The effi ciency of the energy injection into the interstellar medium via bubbles and superbubbles is uncertain, and is usually tr eated as a free parameter for galaxy scale effects. In particular, since many stars are born in groups it is interesting to study the dependence of the effective energy injection on the concentration of the stars. Aims. We aim to reproduce observations of superbubbles, their relation to the energy injection of the parent stars and to under stand their effective energy input into the interstellar medium (ISM), as a function of the spatial configuration of the group of parent s tars. Methods. We study the evolution of isolated and merging interstellar bubbles of three stars (25, 32 and 60 M⊙) in a homogeneous background medium with a density of 10 mp cm −3 via 3D-hydrodynamic simulations with standard ISM thermodynamics (optically thin radiative cooling and photo-electric heating) and tim e dependent energy and mass input according to stellar evolutionary tracks. We vary the position of the three stars relative to each other to compare the energy response for cases of isolated, merging and initially cospatial bubbles. Results. Due to mainly the Vishniac instability, our simulated bubbles develop thick shells and filamentary internal structures in column density. The shell widths reach tens of per cent of the outer bubble radius, which compares favourably to observations. More energy is retained in the ISM for more closely packed groups, by up to a factor of three and typically a factor of two for inte rmediate times after the first supernova. Once the superbubble is esta blished, different positions of the contained stars make only a minor difference to the energy tracks. For our case of three massive stars, the energy deposition varies only very little for distan ces up to about 30 pc between the stars. Energy injected by supernovae is entirely dissipated in a superbubble on a timescale of about 1 Myr, which increases slightly with the superbubble size at the ti me of the explosion. Conclusions. The Vishniac instability may be responsible for the broadening of the shells of interstellar bubbles. Massive star wind s are significant energetically due to their ‐ in the long run ‐ m ore effi cient, steady energy injection and because they evacuate the space around the massive stars. For larger scale simulations, the feedback effect of close groups of stars or clusters may be subsumed into one effective energy input with insignificant loss of energy accura cy.
The Correlation of Regulatory T (TReg) and Vitamin D3 in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is an autoimmune disease that correlates to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (T Reg ). This study was aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D as adjuvant therapy of T Reg population in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. This study was designed randomized clinical trial, double blind, with pre- and post-test control groups involving 15 subjects newly diagnosed with NS. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely K1 for group treated with prednisone+vitamin D and K2 group for prednisone treatment only. The population of T Reg in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analyzed using flowcytometry. Vitamin D serum level was measured through ELISA method. Results showed that there was a significant elevation of T Reg (independent t-test, p = 0.010) in K1 group, which was higher than in K2 group. The Pearson test in the K1 group showed that vitamin D level was positively correlated with T Reg (p = 0.039, r = 0.779).
Implementation and Verification of a Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM) in the Eagle3d Compressible Flow Solver

Kopper, Patrick MSc, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, December 2017. Implementation and Verification of a Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM) in the Eagle3D Compressible Flow Solver. The objective of this thesis is to implement and evaluate a Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM) into the Eagle3D compressible flow solver. Both the ability of Eagle3D to resolve unsteady turbulent flow field and capability of the SEM to reproduce given Reynolds stress profiles to start realistic turbulent behavior are verified using common academic cases. Eagle3D is a Computional Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver using a novel combination of a Bounded Central Differencing (BCD) scheme with Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) approximation to reduce numerical dissipation. SEM is a modern synthetic turbulence method able to reproduce an arbitrary Reynolds stresses specification on discretionary geometries while keeping computational costs low. The Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) capability of Eagle3D is evaluated using the flow over a cylinder and compared to results by ANSYS Fluent. The SEM is used to reproduce unsteady inlet conditions for channel and flat plate cases and relayed into Eagle3D. Common flow parameters such as skin friction, Reynolds stresses and velocity components are compared against analytic, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)