Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Excitation of Hydrogen Subsystem in Metals by External Influence

Experimental results which point to the existence of a hydrogen subsystem in solids and the possibility of its excitation by external influence are described. Occupying the equivalent positions inside host metal, hydrogen forms its own subsystem inside a crystal lattice and has vibration frequencies lying outside the phonon spectrum of a crystal. Under external energy input (for instance by means of radiation) an excitation of vibrations occurs in the hydrogen subsystem. The following facts point to this: intensive migration, diffusion and release of hydrogen isotopes from metals at low temperature; superlinear dependence of H, D release from metals on the electron current density and H, D concentration; H and D release from the whole volume of samples during the irradiation process by focused electron beam; H and D release in both molecular and atomic forms.
The Millennium Development Goals W Getting How to accelerate progress toward the Millennium Development Goals

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, see Box 1), a greater sense of urgency is needed by all sides if the targets are to be met. Many developing countries are making substantial progress toward the MDGs as a result of improved policies, better governance, and the productive use of development assistance. But they could do more with the right mix of policy reforms and additional help. Scaling up efforts to meet the MDGs by 2015 presents both opportunities and challenges. By acting now, developed countries can hasten progress by providing more and better aid and by allowing greater access to their markets. Developing countries, for their part, will need to continue to improve their policies and the way they are implemented. Without greater impetus, there is a serious risk that many countries will fall far short on many of the goals. These findings emerge from a recent World Bank study that looked at how progress toward the MDGs at the country level could be accelerated through a combination of better domestic policies and improved governance, higher aid levels (in terms of official development assistance), more effective aid delivery, and improved market access to developed country markets. The study focused on 18 countries that account for approximately half of the world’s poor and a third of global aid flows and are broadly representative of low-income countries with good policies. The 18 are Albania, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Honduras, India, Indonesia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Pakistan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Vietnam. The role for aid was also reviewed for two other groups of countries—low-income countries under stress and middle-income countries. The country-based approach of this study complemented other work that used global and sectoral approaches to examine the cost of attaining all the MDGs in all developing countries and the implications for aid volumes (see, for instance, Devarajan, Swanson, and Miller, 2002). The study focused on countries with good policies because, as the literature on aid effectiveness has shown, the case for aid is strongest for these countries (Burnside and Dollar, 2000). The quality of policies refers to judgments about the adequacy of a country’s policy, governance, and institutional framework in promoting poverty
The Iowa Electronic Market : Lessons Learned and Answers Yearned

Prediction markets may serve as viable alternatives or additions to more conventional forecasting methods. Begun in 1988, the Iowa Electronic Markets (IEM) have played a prominent role in the arguments used to promote prediction markets as valuable forecast tools. In this paper, we investigate the general lessons we have learned from the IEM, outline features of the IEM that affect the generalizability of its results, and point to areas that require future research. * We thank the other members of the University of Iowa IEM group, Robert Forsythe, Tom Gruca, Forrest Nelson and George Neumann; Robert Hahn; and participants at the AEI-Brookings Joint Center conference on “Information Markets: A New Way of Making Decisions in the Public and Private Sectors” for helpful comments, suggestions and support.
Capital Structure in Brazilian Small and Medium Enterprises : A panel study

For the most part, the empirical capital structure literature investigates the behavior of stock market listed companies to test the extent to which capital structure theories explain the crosssection of financing decisions. Therefore, these studies ignore the peculiarities of private small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which represent the majority of firms in number and account for the largest part of the GDP and employment of most countries. This is particularly true in emerging economies, where access to credit and capital markets is arguably more limited for the vast majority of firms. This research investigates the determinants of capital structure decisions of SMEs and offers two contributions. First, we review the still incipient literature in this field and find two main distinct empirical approaches: (i) one based in primary data collected through surveys, questionnaires and interviews; and (ii) other based in secondary data collected in databases. The former approach is generally associated with more qualitative analyses, using smaller samples and seeking to describe patterns or identify behaviors, rather than propose or test theories. The latter approach, on the other hand, is associated with quantitative research and uses bigger samples and statistical methods mainly to test the adequacy of capital structure theories to SMEs. Second, we conduct our empirical analysis using an unprecedented database with over 20,000 Brazilian firms based in the state of Sao Paulo, spanning 13 years from 1994 through 2006. Our regressions are estimated using traditional (e.g., Ordinary Least Squares) and advanced (e.g., dynamic panel system GMM) procedures. Two very robust results come out from the econometric analysis: (i) profitability is negatively related to leverage, as predicted by the pecking order theory and reported in most of the extant empirical literature; and (ii) sales (or assets) growth relates positively with leverage, suggesting that SMEs tended to finance their expansion with debt after exhausting internal resources. Additionally, we find weaker evidence that: (i) size is positively related to leverage, which can be interpreted as evidence that larger firms have more access to outside financing in general and credit markets in particular; (ii) riskier SMEs tend to be less financially levered, consistent with bankruptcy costs arguments from trade-off based theories; and (iii) the age of the firm is negatively related to financial leverage, suggesting that older SMEs may be slightly more conservative in their financing choices. Finally, the magnitude of the coefficient of lagged leverage shows the high persistence of this variable and is compatible with the hypothesis that SMEs adjust their debt/equity ratio towards a target value, though at a low speed.
Are Boys Left Behind ? The Evolution of Gender Gap in Beijing Middle Schools

Introduction In recent years, we have observed a growing convergence between the educational policies of the U.S. and oriental Asian nations including China. A case in point is that, with the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) campaign, the U.S. has sought to increase educational accountability by implementing more uniform curricula and more frequent statewide standardized tests. However, these actions have been criticized as making the educational system increasingly test-oriented and compromising the genuine education quality. Similarly, China has adopted policies that intend to de-emphasize the role of examinations in the learning process and promote a student-centered tutoring style. These attempts have also been criticize as decreasing the accountability of school education and lowering incentives for students and schools to improve their performance; overall, these policies might gradually decrease overall educational quality. Thus, it would be instructive to compare various trajectories of students’ educational achievements in both countries to see where this convergence in education policies may lead. The gender gap in academic achievement is an important trajectory to explore because the relative socioeconomic status of the two genders is an essential economic and social equity issue. Evidence has been found of significant links between academic achievement in school and future labor market status. In particular, in China and many other Asian countries, where the test-oriented education system is prevalent, school performance is an essential criterion in the selection process for academic promotion, which, in turn, is a vital indicator of future job market placement. Even though the gender achievement gap has been described and explained in detail in the U.S and many other Western countries, virtually no rigorous studies of the gender achievement gap have been conducted in China due to the limited availability of China’s secondary education data. This paper is one of the first attempts to provide a statistical account of the gender gap in China using a detailed data set of one cohort of 7235 middle school students in Beijing’s Eastern City District. It also explores the various explanations for the gender gap. Many studies have shown significant gender gaps in achievement, with boys generally outperforming girls at math and science, and girls excelling at literacy (e.g.
Far Magnetotail Observations of an Interplanetary Shock

Abstract. We present a study of the impact of the interplanetary (IP) shock on December 7, 2003 in the distant tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere. Using the data from the several spacecraft located in the solar wind in front of the Earth, we monitor the propagation of the IP shock from the L1 point to the magnetosphere and to magnetotail. Taking into account its velocity and beginning of the substorm onset from the ground, we considered the plasma parameters on the Wind spacecraft located downstream at XGSM ≈ −230 RE. Shortly after the shock arrival, Wind crossed consequentially southern and northern lobes in between which observed a flux rope and the tailward fast plasma flow (≈ 780 km/s) in the plasmasheet. We found that a orientation of the nominal tail axis is affected by VY components of the solar wind. Also, according to Wind data, we present a sketch how the distant tail moves with respect to the IP shock passage.
Fallacious Node Algorithm for Performance Enhancement in Optical-Burst-Switching Networks

Abstract In this paper, fallacious node algorithm is formulated for performance enhancement of an optical-burst-switching (OBS) network. With the procedural and observational analysis, we have demonstrated that the blocking probability is extremely unnoticeable, during a call establishment, while collectively discarding the faulty nodes from the selected paths. There may be distinguishing values of blocking probability because of random value of congestion on each path. The blocking probability is restrained so as not to be more than 10 % on several values on traffic and congestion. The blocking probability diminishes and becomes imperceptible with the incorporation of fallacious node algorithm and subsequently the performance of optical network is highly aggrandized. Thus the fallacious node algorithm manifests incredible prospects for optical networks as the key features such as the accessibility; sustainability and reliability of the network are highly appreciated and upgraded.
Differences of Opinion , Retail Investor Sentiment and Stock Overvaluation

In price-optimism models, differences of opinion lead to stock overvaluation, as optimistic investors hold stocks while pessimistic investors stay out of the market due to short-sales constraints. We find retail investor sentiment plays an important role in the relation between differences of opinion and overvaluation. Stocks are overvalued when both differences of opinion and small-trade imbalances are high, but not so when either of these two is low. In addition, we find mispricing happens before retail investors start to buy. Therefore, retail investors does not directly cause mispricing with their trades, but rather delay the realization of negative information into stock prices. JEL classification: G11; G14 EFM Classification Codes: 320; 350; 720
Influence of iron , zinc and tyrosine acid on growth , yield components and chemical constituents of Hibiscus sabdariffa L . plant

A field study on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) was conducted at a privet farm in Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the two summer seasons of 2017 and 2018. The objective was to examine the influence of some micronutrients (Fe + Zn at 0+0, 0.30 + 0.20 and 0.60 + 0.40 g/l, respectively), tyrosine acid (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and their interactions on the vegetative growth, yield components and chemical constituents as well as sepals anthocyanin contents of roselle plants. The influence of micronutrients under study on plant was found significant on plant height, number of branches per plant and total dry weight as well as number of fruits per plant, sepals yield per plant and per feddan. The highest level of Fe at 0.60 plus Zn at 0.40 g/l produced significant values of total carbohydrates, N, P and K percentages, leaf green color degree as total chlorophyll content, seeds fixed oil percentage, total soluble solids and anthocyanin content in roselle sepals. Moreover, the highest values of these parameters were registered by foliar spray of tyrosine at 150 ppm. Generally, spraying roselle plant three times per season with micronutrients (Fe + Zn) at 0.60 + 0.40 g/l, respectively, plus tyrosine at 150 ppm enhance plant growth, yield components and chemical constituents as well as active ingredients.
Health and Job Satisfaction among Nurses of Uttarakhand State

Nurses are the backbone of any medical entity or patient care in the health sector. But in India, this important section of workers is highly exploited. Their situation is very pathetic in terms of work environment under which they are working. Seeing this situation, a study with respect to the working environment of nurses was conducted using purposive-cum-random sampling technique in order to know the details about ailments of nurses, caffeine consumption, exercise performed by nurses, meal intake pattern of nurses and overall job satisfaction. Uttarakhand state was selected from which districts of Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital were chosen. A total of 120 ward nurses from 5 government and 6 private hospitals were selected. It was found that types of illness prevalent among nurses were blood pressure, diabetes, thyroid, and gallstone. Exercise was performed by few nurses. Majority of the nurses were able to take full meals daily. The chi-square test showed that there was a significant association between job satisfaction and coordination within department, job satisfaction of nurses and working condition in the health care industry. STUDIES ON ETHNO-MEDICINE PRINT: ISSN 0973-5070 ONLINE: ISSN 2456-6772 Ethno Med, 12(2): 79-86 (2018) DOI: 10.31901/24566772.2018/12.02. 251 © Kamla-Raj 2018
Effects of Water Deficit Stress and Two Mycorrhiza Species on Some Physiological Attributes and Tuber Fresh Weight of Potato cv. Agria Under Field Condition

In order to evaluate the tuber fresh weight and some physiological attributes of Agria potato cultivar in response to water deficit stress and mycorrhiza inoculation, a field trial was conducted as a split plot scheme based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research site of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2012. Four water levels including: irrigation after 60 (S0) mm evaporation from class A pan as the control and irrigation after 90 (S1), 120 (S2) and 150 (S3) mm evaporation from the pan as water deficit stress conditions were arranged in the main plots and four levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) including: no AMF (M0), inoculation of Glomus etunicatum (Ge) (Becker and Gerdemann), Glomus intraradices (Gi) (Schenck and Smith) and dual inoculation of the two species (Gei) were arranged in the sub-plots. Water application and AMF inoculation had significant effect on all of studied attributes. Increasing of water deficit stress intensity increased stomatal resistance and decreased leaf relative water content and tuber fresh weight. On other hand, positive effect of AMF inoculation was observed on stomatal resistance, leaf relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content and tuber fresh weight. Also, significant interaction between water application and AMF inoculation was observed for stomatal resistance, leaf relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content and tuber fresh weight. In general, water deficit stress decreased tuber fresh weight in nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal potatoes. In all of water levels, maximum tuber fresh weight was observed by inoculation with G. intraradices.
Tacit Knowledge Revisited – We Can Still Learn from Polanyi

The field of knowledge management is still relatively new, with all but a few of its related papers and books published during the last 15 years or so. However, one of the most cited sources is a much earlier work on the topic of tacit and explicit knowledge, by Michael Polanyi (1958 and 1966). An examination of some 60 papers from three major knowledge management journals demonstrates that Polanyi's work has frequently been misinterpreted by some authors and further suggests that, in some cases, the citing authors may not have read the cited work. Further, this has led to misinterpretation of Polanyi's work in ways that have affected wider issues in knowledge management. Polanyi's work is still relevant today and a closer examination of his theory that all knowledge has personal and tacit elements, such that knowledge cannot be made fully explicit, can be used to both support and refute a variety of widely held approaches to knowledge management. In particular, it raises issue about the continued efforts to make knowledge explicit through the use of information systems, without consideration of wider social issues, as well as refuting those who use the issue of tacit knowledge to dismiss the field of knowledge management as a misguided concept. It provides support for more recent work on next generation knowledge management.
Mental Health Problems among Street Children: The Case of India

A number of studies indicate that street children are vulnerable for exposure to poly-victimization, which includes various types of physical abuse, sexual violence, bullying and exposure to violence, neglect, drug abuse. These children may suffer severe mental health outcomes due to chronic exposure to psychosocial distress, specifically anxiety and depression. An analytical review of the literature was undertaken to examine the research studies on the psychological and social impact of the living condition on the street children from both a national and global lens. Research evidence indicates that there is a strong correlation between mental health and overall holistic development of the individual. The paper finally provides a conceptual framework of vulnerabilities and mental health of street children, implications for future research, interventions and public policy.
Non-linear viscous behaviour of undrained

In Newtonian mechanics, shear resistance of material is assumed to be linear proportion to shear rate, in which the proportional constant is defined as a coefficient of viscosity. However, the rate-dependent or viscous behaviour of soil can not simply assume to be linear, but it can be explained using Rate Process Theory (Mitchell and Soga, 2005). The rate effect on shear strength of soil and creep settlement are two well-known examples of the viscous behaviour of soil. In addition, Vaid and Campanella (1977) have shown an experimental evidence of the rate effect on the shear strength of Haney Clay. This paper aims to present the non-linear viscous behaviour of Bangkok Clay using an experiment programme and modelling. The experiments are performed on normally consolidated clay which taken from the Centre of Bangkok. All specimens are isotropically consolidated and undrained compression sheared varying with five different shear rates. The rate-dependent hyperplasticity model (Puzrin and Houlsby, 2003 and Likitlersuang and Houlsby, 2006) based on Rate Process Theory are employed in this study. The model is calibrated against the undrained triaxial sheared tests of Bangkok Clay. RÉSUMÉ Dans la mécanique newtonienne, la résistance au cisaillement de la matière est supposée d’être linéaire proportionnellement aux taux de cisaillement, dans laquelle la proportion constante est définie comme un coefficient de viscosité. Toutefois, le comportement visqueux ou dépendant du taux des sols ne peut tout simplement pas assumer d'être linéaire, mais elle peut être expliquée en utilisant la théorie des « Rate Process » (Mitchell et Soga, 2005). Le taux d'effet sur la résistance au cisaillement des sols et celui du tassement du fluage sont deux exemples bien connus de la viscosité du comportement des sols. En outre, Vaid et Campanella (1977) montre une preuve expérimentale de l'effet sur les taux de la résistance au cisaillement de l'argile. Cet article vise à présenter le comportement visqueux non linéaire de l’agile de Bangkok à l'aide d'un programme d'expérimentation et de modélisation. Les expériences sont faites sur l'argile normalement consolidé qui est prise du centre de Bangkok. Tous les échantillons sont consolidés isotrope et cisaillés non drainés en variant avec cinq taux différents de cisaillement. Le modèle hypo-plasticité dépendant du taux (Puzrin et Houlsby, 2003 et Likitlersuang et Houlsby, 2006) basé sur la théorie des « Rate Process » est utilisé dans cette étude. Le modèle est calibré par rapport à l’essais triaxial cisaillé non drainé de l’agile de Bangkok.