Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Analysis of Local Fish from Banyu Biru Lake, Pasuruan Compared with Closely Related to Tor spp. from Indonesia

Banyu Biru is a natural lake in Sumber Rejo Village, Winongan District, Pasuruan Regency. There are local fishes in the Banyu Biru called sengkaring and tambra. Biological studies on these fishes are not so much known. This study aims to identify the relationship of sengkaring and tambra compared with the related species ( Tor spp.: Cyprinidae) from Indonesia. Morphometric analysis can be used to clustering and understanding the relationship of taxa. Each species represents 17 specimens (Tambra and Sengkaring) and measured 22 characters (in mm) by using digital caliper and the additional characters (21 characters). The canonical, clustering, similarity and distances were used. Based on morphometric measurements, sengkaring and tambra had similarity with the four species found in Indonesia. Commonly, the population of Sengkaring and Tambra was critical; therefore, studies needed to be carried out to support conservation.
INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURE AND CARRIER RECOMBINATION IN TlGaSe 2 LAYERED CRYSTALS

Large size TlGaSe2 layered crystals grown by Bridgman method have been investigated by x-ray microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism of excess free carrier recombination after a high level laser pulse excitation performed in a high quality sample has been investigated. It has been shown that, in high injection region, the carrier lifetime is mainly determined by Auger recombination. The Auger recombination coefficient is established to be about 1·10 cm/s. In low injection region, minority carrier trapping is observed. The longest exponential majority carrier constant lifetime is equal to 6 ms at 70 K.
When is the Local Average Treatment Close to the Average?: Evidence from Fertility and Labor Supply

The local average treatment effect (LATE) may differ from the average treatment effect (ATE) when those influenced by the instrument are not representative of the overall population. Heterogeneity in treatment effects may imply that parameter estimates from 2SLS are uninformative regarding the average treatment effect, motivating a search for instruments that affect a larger share of the population. In this paper, I present and estimate a model of home production with heterogeneous costs and benefits to fertility. The results indicate that a sex-preference instrument in Taiwan produces IV estimates closer to the estimated ATE than in the United States, where sex preference is weaker.
The impact of reionization on the formation of supermassive black hole seeds

Direct collapse black holes (DCBHs) formed from the collapse of atomically-cooled primordial gas in the early Universe are strong candidates for the seeds of supermassive BHs. DCBHs are thought to form in atomic cooling haloes in the presence of a strong molecule-dissociating, Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation field. Given that star forming galaxies are likely to be the source of the LW radiation in this scenario, ionizing radiation from these galaxies may accompany the LW radiation. We present cosmological simulations resolving the collapse of primordial gas into an atomic cooling halo, including the effects of both LW and ionizing radiation. We find that in cases where the gas is not self-shielded from the ionizing radiation, the collapse can be delayed by � 25 Myr. When the ionized gas does collapse, the free electrons that are present catalyze H2 formation. In turn, H2 cooling becomes efficient in the center of the halo, and DCBH formation is prevented. We emphasize, however, that in many cases the gas collapsing into atomic cooling haloes at high redshift is self-shielding to ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is only in a fraction of such haloes in which DCBH formation is prevented due to reionization.
Indices of Kidney Damage in Nigeria: A Survey of 8077 Subjects in the Six Geopolitical Zones of the Country

Introduction: Community diagnosis and identification of health problems in societies are crucial, as they enable the estimation of disease burden in any community. Desirable as community screening exercises are, multi-centre country wide screening exercises are rarely carried out in developing nations because of the financial and manpower implications.Objectives: This article describes the findings from a large scale community health screening project by the MTN - Foundation in collaboration with Nigerian Association of Nephrology.Materials and method: Eight thousand and seventy seven (8077) participants were screened over a three- year period in the six geopolitical zones of the Federation.Results: Three thousand five hundred and ninety (44.45%) were males while 4487(55.55%) were females (M: F = 1:1.2). The mean age of the participants was 40.12±13.54 years. The crudeprevalence rate of kidney damage (Proteinuria, haematuria or reduced eGFR) was 23.47% with proteinuria occurring in 88.34% of the participants with kidney damage. Statistically significant differences were found in the crude prevalence rates of Kidney damage when age groups, gender, social class and zones were compared. However, when adjusted for age, the prevalence of kidney injury was observed to be similar in all the zones. A 36-52% likelihood of development of kidney damage was also observed in patients with risk factors of kidney disease; namely hypertension, diabetes, obesity and a positive family history of kidney disease.Conclusion: It was conclusion the crude prevalence rate of kidney damage in Nigeria was found to be 23.47%. This was not substantially different in the six geopolitical zones of the federation when age adjusted rates were compared. It was recommend that age-adjusted standardization of prevalence rates of kidney disease, using the 2006 national census population figures may be more informative and would enable comparability of results from the various communities of the country.
Density and magnetic susceptibility of rocks from the Lockne and Tvären marine impact structures

Abstract— The Lockne and Tvären impact craters in Sweden formed in a marine environment during the Ordovician The contrast in density between the impact breccias and the surrounding target rock of these two craters is significantly lower than what has been found in craters formed in crystalline targets on land. Another marine‐target structure, the Estonian Kärdla structure, demonstrates intermediate contrast in impact breccia and target rock, which we attribute to the interpreted shallowness of the sea at the Kärdla impact site. We conclude that the main cause for these low‐density contrasts is pore and fracture filling of calcite with subordinate quartz and fluorite. Calcite is the most abundant cement, and its density differs most from that of fractured and brecciated bedrock with a low degree of cementation. Furthermore, from the studied cases, it is concluded that the target rock to impact rock contrast is generally the highest in craters formed on land in crystalline targets and the lowest in craters formed at sea, while craters formed on land in sedimentary targets are intermediate. The low density contrasts should decrease the negative gravity anomalies of marine craters.
PREVALENCE AND LIFESTYLE DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL FEMALE TEACHERS IN BASRAH

Background: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world and it is increasing particularly in developing countries (including Iraq). A number of factors increase blood pressure, including: obesity, insulin resistance, high alcohol intake, high salt intake (in salt-sensitive patients), aging, sedentary lifestyle, stress, low potassium intake, and low calcium intake, furthermore, many of these factors are additive, such as obesity and alcohol intake. Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of hypertension among secondary school female teachers and identifying lifestyle related risk factors. Subjects and methods: A sample of 16 schools (25%) of female secondary schools in Basrah city was chosen randomly. All the female teachers present in the schools at the time of the visits were interviewed according to a special questionnaire. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured. The whole sample size was 403 participants; the only excluded criterion was pregnancy. The number of those who were excluded was five teachers. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among the study population was 21.3%, and about one fifth of them (20.3%) were prehypertensive. The prevalence of lifestyle risk factors among the study population was as follows; physical inactivity (67.٧%), overweight (40.9%), obesity (37.7%), contraceptive pills use (18.6%), salty diet (18.1%), fatty diet (15.4%), drugs intake (mostly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) (12.4%), coffee intake (6.5%), and smoking (0.5%). A significant association was found between some lifestyle risk factors and hypertension, those were: drug intake, and body mass index, while no significant association was found between other risk factors and hypertension which were: fatty diet, physical activity, coffee intake and, contraceptive pills intake. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension was within the range of that reported for women in Iraq. There was a significant proportion of participants with unidentified hypertension, and a significant association was found between certain lifestyle risk factors and hypertension. Early detection of hypertension and educational health programs regarding lifestyle behavior were highly recommended.
Italian Pension Funds Struggling with Domestic Sovereign Risk

The paper investigates the determinants of Italian pension funds’ exposure to the domestic sovereign bonds through a panel analysis, over the time-period 2008-2014, on a sample of 70 funds and 230 investment lines. We investigate the drivers on sovereign home bias along two main explicative arrows: the familiarity theory, and the opportunity set theory. Results indicate that both factors are significant. However, from a quantitative point of view, the main determinant is the presence of restrictions in the investment mandate. The existence of a minimum guaranteed return increases on average by 11 per cent the weight of the Italian sovereign bonds on the European sovereign portfolio, while extending the investment spectrum outside Europe determines a decrease of 4.5 per cent on average. This finding suggests that exposures to the domestic-sovereign risk of Italian pension funds would probably reduce after specific mandate restrictions have loosened. Since sovereign home bias translates into concentration risk, it may weaken the soundness of the private pension pillar in case the Italian T-bonds suffer from a significant price reduction. Regulators should pay close attention to this issue to enhance the stability of the Italian pension fund industry, considering that such a large sovereign home bias could simultaneously undermine the private and public pension payments.
Effect of Soil Moisture Stress Duration on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Rice Cultivars

Soil moisture stress is a major constraint to the productivity of rice under rain-fed conditions. A study was conducted to establish the effect of moisture stress duration on the growth characteristics and grain yields of rice cultivars, namely Namche-1, Namche-3 and Agoro. Rice plants were subjected to moisture stress at tillering and a thesis in the screen house. Moisture stress at tillering stage caused significant leaf rolling in Agoro than in Namche-3, but at a thesis Agoro was the least (P≤0.05) affected. Moisture stress at tillering and a thesis significantly reduced the number of tillers in Agoro, but not in Namche cultivars. The growth period of Agoro was significantly longer than that of the control when it was stressed at tillering for 15 days, but stressing Agoro at a thesis didn’t affect its maturity period. Stressing Namche cultivars at tillering and a thesis increased (P≤0.05) their maturity periods, though these periods were shorter (P≤0.05) than that of Agoro. Grain yields for all the cultivars at tillering and a thesis decreased as the stress period was prolonged. Grain yields of Namche cultivars were higher (P≤0.05) than that of Agoro. Therefore, the growing of Namche cultivars in areas with insufficient moisture for rice production would be appropriate.
Minimum distance estimation of Pickands dependence function for multivariate distributions

We consider the problem of estimating the Pickands dependence function corresponding to a multivariate distribution. A minimum distance estimator is proposed which is based on a L2-distance between the logarithms of the empirical and an extreme-value copula. The minimizer can be expressed explicitly as a linear functional of the logarithm of the empirical copula and weak convergence of the corresponding process on the simplex is proved. In contrast to other procedures which have recently been proposed in the literature for the nonparametric estimation of a multivariate Pickands dependence function [see Zhang et al. (2008) and Gudendorf and Segers (2011)], the estimators constructed in this paper do not require knowledge of the marginal distributions and are an alternative to the method which has recently been suggested by Gudendorf and Segers (2012). Moreover, the minimum distance approach allows the construction of a simple test for the hypothesis of a multivariate extreme-value copula, which is consistent against a broad class of alternatives. The finite-sample properties of the estimator and a multiplier bootstrap version of the test are investigated by means of a simulation study.
Humans' (Incorrect) Distrust of Reflective Decisions

Recent experiments suggest that social behavior may be shaped by the time available for decision making. It is known that fast decision making relies more on intuition whereas slow decision making is affected by reflective processes. Little is known, however, about whether people correctly anticipate the effect of intuition vs. reflection on others’ decision making. This is important in everyday situations where anticipating others’ behavior is often essential. A good example of this is the extensively studied Trust Game where the trustor, by sending an amount of money to the trustee, runs the risk of being exploited by the trustee’s subsequent action. We use this game to study how trustors’ choices are affected by whether trustees are externally forced to respond quickly or slowly. We also examine whether trustors’ own tendency to stop and reflect on their intuitions (as measured by the Cognitive Reflection Test) moderates how they anticipate the effect of reflection on the behavior of trustees. We find that the least reflective trustors send less money when trustees are forced to respond “reflectively” rather than “intuitively”, but we also argue that this is a wrong choice. In general, no group, including the ones with the largest number of reflective individuals, is good at anticipating the (positive) effect of forced delay on others’ trustworthiness
Effect of axial stretching on large amplitude free vibration of a suspended cable

This paper presents the effect of axial stretching on large amplitude free vibration of an extensible suspended cable supported at the same level. The model formulation developed in this study is based on the virtual work-energy functional of cables which involves strain energy due to axial stretching and work done by external forces. The difference in the Euler equations between equilibrium and motion states is considered. The resulting equations govern the horizontal and vertical motion of the cables, and are coupled and highly nonlinear. The solution for the nonlinear static equilibrium configuration is determined by the shooting method while the solution for the large amplitude free vibration is obtained by using the second-order central finite difference scheme with time integration. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the vibration behaviour of extensible suspended cables.
Psychology of Literature and Literature in Psychology

This paper performs the reading the thematic relationship established between Psychology and Literature in two perspectives: through the considerations set out in Literary Studies by René Wellek and Austin Warren (Psychology of Literature) and Psychological Studies by Dante Moreira Leite (Psychology in Literature). The fi rst one deals with the psychological study of the writer as an individual and the type or types and laws present in literary works, in the second, psychology as a perspective for the teaching of literature, the creative process, the psychological analysis of text and reader relationships with your audience. O article presents the partial results obtained from the development of literature necessary to the course called the Psychology of Literature and Psychology in Literature, taught at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Psychologists in Aracaju (Sergipe), in 2013. It also presents the detailed schematization of the reading process observed in the textual reception process and in the organism-environment interaction.
Communication dynamics in twitter during political campaigns: The case of the 2011 Spanish national election

The irruption of social media in the political sphere is generating repositories of “Big Data,” which can be mined to gain insights into communication dynamics. The research reported here relies on a large data set from Twitter to examine the activity, emotional content, and interactions of political parties and politicians during the campaign for the Spanish national elections in November 2011. The aim of this study is to investigate the adaptation of political parties to this new communication and organizational paradigm originating in the evolution of the Internet and online social networks. We analyze the reply and retweet networks of seven political parties with significant offline differences to assess their conversation and information diffusion patterns. We observe that political parties, and especially the major traditional parties, still tend to use Twitter just as a one-way flow communication tool. Moreover, we find evidence of a balkanization trend in the Spanish online political sphere, as observed in previous research for other countries.
Determinants of Effective Information Technology Governance: A Study of IT Intensity

Recent increases in the importance of information technology (IT), as a strategic factor for organisations in achieving their objectives, have raised the concern of organisations in establishing and implementing effective IT governance. This study seeks to examine empirically the individual IT governance mechanisms that influence the overall effectiveness of IT governance, by taking into account the level of IT intensity within organisations. Obtaining the sample data by using web based survey from 176 members of ISACA (Information Systems and Audit Control Association) Australia, this study examined the influences of six proposed IT governance mechanisms on the overall effectiveness of IT governance. Using Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression techniques, this study found significant positive relationships between the overall level of effective IT governance and the following four IT governance mechanisms: an IT strategy committee, the involvement of senior management in IT, the existence of ethics/ culture of compliance in IT, and corporate communication systems.
On the pathways and timescales of intercontinental air pollution transport

[1] This paper presents results of a 1-year simulation of the transport of six passive tracers, released over the continents according to an emission inventory for carbon monoxide (CO). Lagrangian concepts are introduced to derive age spectra of the tracer concentrations on a global grid in order to determine the timescales and pathways of pollution export from the continents. Calculating these age spectra is equivalent to simulating many (quasi continuous) plumes, each starting at a different time, which are subsequently merged. Movies of the tracer dispersion have been made available on an Internet website. It is found that emissions from Asia experience the fastest vertical transport, whereas European emissions have the strongest tendency to remain in the lower troposphere. European emissions are transported primarily into the Arctic and appear to be the major contributor to the Arctic haze problem. Tracers from an upwind continent first arrive over a receptor continent in the upper troposphere, typically after some 4 days. Only later foreign tracers also arrive in the lower troposphere. Assuming a 2-day lifetime, the domestic tracers dominate total tracer columns over all continents except over Australia where foreign tracers account for 20% of the tracer mass. In contrast, for a 20-day lifetime even continents with high domestic emissions receive more than half of their tracer burden from foreign continents. Three special regions were identified where tracers are transported to, and tracer dilution is slow. Future field studies therefore should be deployed in the following regions: (1) In the winter, the Asia tracer accumulates over Indonesia and the Indian Ocean, a region speculated to be a stratospheric fountain. (2) In the summer, the highest concentrations of the Asia tracer are found in the Middle East. (3) In the summer, the highest concentrations of the North America tracer are found in the Mediterranean.
Growth and reproduction of Cyprinion macrostomus (Heckel, 1843) and Cyprinion kais (Heckel, 1843) populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Euphrates River), Turkey

This study investigated the age-length relationship, length-weight relationship, somatic condition, gonadosomatic index, and reproduction properties of Cyprinion macrostomus and Cyprinion kais. C. Kais is an endemic species included on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin. A total of 153 C. Macrostomus and 114 C. Kais were collected. The estimated length-weight relationships were W = 0.725 A FL2.92 (r2 = 0.87) for C. Macrostomus and W = 0.417 A FL3.02 (r2 = 0.93) for C. Kais. The age-length relationships were Lt = 15.0 [1 - e-0.212 (t + 0.407)] and Lt = 15.4 [1 - e-0.205 (t + 0.503)] for C. Macrostomus and C. Kais, respectively. Mean fecundity ranged from 313 to 1647.08 eggs/fish for C. Macrostomus and from 295.1 to 1255.2 eggs/fish for C. Kais. Mean oocyte diameter ranged between 0.13 and 1.34 mm for C. Macrostomus and between 0.14 and 0.86 mm for C. Kais. Based on gonadosomatic index, the spawning periods of C. Macrostomus and C. Kais were determined to be between June and August in the area of the study.
Succession in harvestman (Opiliones) communities within an abandoned sand quarry in Belgium

Sand mining strongly alters the existing landscape, transforming an area into a mosaic of native (sand deposits) and foreign soils, strongly influencing biotic development. The method of restoration of such excavated areas is often debated: natural succession or active restoration. We investigated how natural succession shapes harvestman communities, as part of the soil-dwelling community. We sampled harvestmen over a continuous period of 14 months in 25 plots in an abandoned sand quarry in Belgium using pitfall traps. We found significant increases in harvestman activity-density, species richness and diversity with time since abandonment of the various sections of the quarry. After about 15 years, a drastic change in species composition was observed with the establishment of forest species that more strongly depend on humid conditions to complete their life cycle. Colonisation of harvestmen closely followed vegetation succession despite their limited mobility. We argue that natural succession could be a good management tool for restoring harvestman communities as well as those of other soil-dwelling invertebrates in abandoned sand quarries.