Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF ONLINE LEARNING READINESS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH LEARNER ACHIEVEMENT

This study aimed to examine the relationship between certain factors of online learning readiness and learners’ end-of-course achievements. The study was conducted at a twoyear post-secondary Turkish military school within the scope of the course titled Computer Literacy, which was designed and implemented in a blended way. The data were collected from 155 post-secondary military students through an online questionnaire. Three sub-scales of Hung et al.’s Online Learning Readiness Scale were used to collect the data during the first two weeks of the course. Descriptive and inferential statistics, such as Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses were performed to analyze the data. The descriptive results of the study indicated that students’ motivation for online learning was higher than both their computer/Internet self-efficacy and their orientations to self-directed learning. The inferential results revealed that the students’ end-of-course grades had significantly positive relationships with their computer/Internet self-efficacy and self-directed learning orientations. Finally, the students’ self-direction towards online learning appeared to be the strongest predictor of their achievements within the course; whereas computer/Internet self-efficacy and motivation for learning did not predict the learner achievement significantly.
The acid gas solubility in Aqueous N -

In this chapter 72 experimental solubility data points of H2S and CO2 mixtures in aqueous MDEA solutions at different methane partial pressures (up to 69 bar) are presented. They are correlated using an electrolyte equation of state (E-EOS). This model has already been used to estimate the CO2 solubility in aqueous MDEA (P.J.G. Huttenhuis, N.J. Agrawal, E. Solbraa, G.F. Versteeg, Fluid Phase Eq. 264 (2008) 99-112) and the H2S solubility in aqueous MDEA (P.J.G. Huttenhuis, N.J. Agrawal, G.F. Versteeg, Int. J. Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 1 (2008) 399-424). Here the model is further extended to predict the behaviour of CO2 and H2S when they are present simultaneously in aqueous MDEA. The application of an equation of state is a new development for these acid gas – amine systems. The molecular interactions are described by Schwarzentruber’s modification of the Redlich-Kwong-
List of abbreviations AA : anatomic approach ANS : autonomic nervous system AVB : atrioventricular block

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Mothers Knowledge and Home Management ofNappy Rash in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background Nappy rash is thought to affect up to a third of nappy-wearing babies at any given time. It is not a disease but just an irritation of the skin which when severe, becomes painful and distressing for the infant, and a source of great anxiety for caregivers. This study evaluated the knowledge and home management of nappy rash amongst mothers in Port Harcourt Methods A cross-sectional study of mothers presenting with children aged 2 years and below to the Paediatric Outpatient Clinics of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. A structured, anonymous, selfadministered questionnaire was used to obtain information on biodata, awareness information, response and practices. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17. 0. Results A total of 141 mothers participated in the study. Seventy-five (53%) of them had post secondary education. Disposable diapers only were used by 45% of respondents, 10% used cloth napkin only. Level of education significantly affected type of diaper used (P=0.002). Baby's diaper was changed 3 times during the day and once at night by 41%. Most mothers (80%) regularly applied Vaseline on baby's bottom, 14% applied powder. In the preceding 6 months, 34% of babies had nappy rash with the number of episodes varying from 1 to 5. Most respondents (73%) applied anti-fungal cream to the rash, only 10% exposed the bottom. Conclusion Knowledge of, and home treatment of diaper rash is poor amongst our mothers. There is need for awareness I enlightenment campaigns about skin care of young children targeted at mothers. Keywords: Mothers knowledge; Home care; Nappy Rash; Diaper; Napkin,
Commentary on "Assessing monetary policy effects using daily federal funds futures contracts"

and uses instead a signal-extraction approach to determine the market’s reaction without conditioning on this information. His elegant approach allows the market’s reaction to be estimated using the entire sample, not just event days. Moreover, the approach allows for the measurement of financial markets’ response to evolving expectations of future Fed actions, a feature that allows him to extract information even when the Fed does not surprise the markets. The analysis focuses on the response of term interest rates, as in Kuttner (2001), although there is no reason the same approach could not also be applied to stock prices or exchange rates. The paper’s key empirical results largely confirm those reported elsewhere, which is good news for those of us who have used themuch simpler event-study approach. The response of term interest rates to changes in the funds rate is uniformly less than one for one, and the effect on longer-term interest rates is generally less than it is for short-term rates. It is interesting to note, however, that this latter tendency is less pronounced than it is in Kuttner’s (2001) results. My discussion will focus on two issues. The first point is somewhat technical, as it concerns the details of how the “noise” in the federal funds rate is modeled. The second is a more conceptual discussion of how the interpretation of the shocks identified by Hamilton’s procedure might differ from those in conventional event-study analyses. R ecent efforts to understand the transmission of monetary policy have spawned a growing literature examining the response of financial markets to monetary policy.1 Most of these studies assess the likely impact of unanticipated changes in the target federal funds rate, typically in a sample of well-defined policy “events” consisting of Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting days, plus the days of unscheduled funds rate changes. The problem is that economists do not always know the days on which the policy actions took place, especially in the early 1990s. Before the FOMC began announcing its policy actions in February 1994, there was often some confusion in the financial markets as to whether there had been a change in the funds rate target. This ambiguity has been largely dispelled by the FOMC’s announcements, although, as Hamilton (2008) notes, there has been occasional speculation that the Fed has surreptitiously changed the target rate.2 Hamilton’s (2008) paper is primarily an effort to address the issue of unknown event dates. It departs from the usual assumption that the days of policy actions (or possible actions) are known
Quality of Life and Risks Associated with Systemic Anti-in fl ammatory Therapy versus Fluocinolone Acetonide

Purpose: To evaluate the risks and quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes of fluocinolone acetonide implant versus systemic therapy with corticosteroid and immunosuppression when indicated for intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis. Design: Additional follow-up of a randomized trial cohort. Participants: Two hundred fifty-five patients with intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis, randomized to implant or systemic therapy. Methods: Randomized subjects with intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis (479 eyes) were followed up over 54 months, with 79.2% completing the 54-month visit. Main Outcome Measures: Local and systemic potential complications of the therapies and self-reported health utility and vision-related and generic health-related QoL were studied prospectively. Results: Among initially phakic eyes, cataract and cataract surgery occurred significantly more often in the implant group (hazard ratio [HR], 3.0; P 1⁄4 0.0001; and HR, 3.8; P < 0.0001, respectively). In the implant group, most cataract surgery occurred within the first 2 years. Intraocular pressure elevation measures occurred more frequently in the implant group (HR range, 3.7e5.6; all P < 0.0001), and glaucoma (assessed annually) also occurred more frequently (26.3% vs. 10.2% by 48 months; HR, 3.0; P 1⁄4 0.0002). In contrast, potential complications of systemic therapy, including measures of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, bone disease, and hematologic and serum chemistry indicators of immunosuppression toxicity, did not differ between groups through 54 months. Indices of QoL initially favored implant therapy by a modest margin. However, all summary measures of health utility and vision-related or generic health-related QoL were minimally and nonsignificantly different by 54 months, with the exception of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey physical component summary score, which favored implant by a small margin at 54 months (3.17 on a scale of 100; P 1⁄4 0.01, not adjusted for multiple comparisons). Mean QoL results were favorable in both groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that fluocinolone acetonide implant therapy is associated with a clinically important increased risk of glaucoma and cataract with respect to systemic therapy, suggesting that careful monitoring and early intervention to prevent glaucoma is warranted with implant therapy. Systemic therapy subjects avoided a significant excess of toxicities of systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapies in the trial. Self-reported QoL measures initially favored implant therapy, but over time the measures converged, with generally favorable QoL in both groups. Ophthalmology 2015;122:1976-1986 a 2015 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Emergence of large nonadiabatic effects induced by the electron-phonon interaction on the complex vibrational quasiparticle spectrum of doped monolayer 
MoS2

We present a comprehensive first-principles analysis of the non-adiabatic effects due to the electron-phonon interaction on the vibrational spectrum of the electron-doped monolayer MoS$_{2}$. Deep changes in the Fermi surface upon doping cause the linewidth broadening of the normal modes governing the spin-conserving inter-valley electronic scattering, which become unstable with the population of all the spin-split conduction valleys. We find that the non-adiabatic spectral effects modify dramatically the adiabatic dispersion of the long-wavelength optical phonon modes, responsible for intra-valley scattering, as soon as inequivalent valleys get populated. These results are illustrated by means of a simple analytical model. Finally, we explain the emergence of an intricate dynamical structure for the strongly interacting out-of-plane polarized A 0 1 optical vibrational mode spectrum by means of a multiple-phonon quasi-particle picture defined in the full complex frequency plane, showing that this intriguing spectral structure originates from the splitting of the original adiabatic branch induced by the electron-phonon coupling.
in patients with COPD Effect on lung function and morning activities of budesonide / formoterol versus salmeterol / fluticasone

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often experience symptoms and problems with activities early in the morning. This is the first study to compare the effect of budesonide/formoterol and salmeterol/fluticasone on lung function, symptoms and activities early in the morning. Methods: Lung function (peak expiratory flow [PEF] and forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]) and symptoms were measured at bedside and activities were measured during the morning using a six-item questionnaire concerning basic morning routines. In a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, cross-over study, 442 patients with COPD aged 40 years (prebronchodilator FEV1 50%; FEV1/vital capacity <70%) received budesonide/formoterol (320/9 mg, one inhalation twice daily) dry powder inhaler (DPI) or salmeterol/fluticasone (50/500 mg, one inhalation twice daily) DPI daily, for 1 week each, separated by a 1to 2-week washout. Lung function (PEF and FEV1) shortly after rising from bed in the morning, symptoms and basic morning activities were assessed by electronic diary (e-Diary) recordings. Results: Budesonide/formoterol and salmeterol/fluticasone treatment increased morning PEF 5 minutes post-dose, measured as a mean improvement from baseline over the full study period (primary endpoint; adjusted mean change: 15.1 l/min and 14.2 l/min, respectively [difference 1.0 l/min; p1⁄4 0.603]). Mean morning FEV1 improved more following budesonide/ formoterol treatment versus salmeterol/fluticasone at 5 minutes (0.12 l versus 0.09 l; p1⁄4 0.090) and 15 minutes (0.14 l versus 0.10 l; p< 0.05) post-dose. Budesonide/formoterol demonstrated a more rapid onset of effect as reflected by increases in e-Diary-recorded PEF and FEV1 from pre-dose to 5 and 15 minutes post-dose (all p< 0.001) and spirometry at the clinic measured after the first dose (FEV1 p< 0.001; 5 minutes post-dose). Improvements in symptom scores within 15 minutes after drug administration were similar for both drugs, but budesonide/formoterol treatment resulted in significantly greater improvements in total morning activities score (getting washed, dried, dressed, eating breakfast and walking around the home; 0.22 versus 0.12 respectively, p< 0.05). Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusions: Short-term treatment with budesonide/formoterol DPI or salmeterol/fluticasone DPI was effective in patients with COPD. Budesonide/formoterol had a more rapid onset of effect compared with salmeterol/fluticasone and resulted in greater improvements in ability to perform morning activities despite the lower inhaled corticosteroid dose.
Routine detection of hyperketonemia in dairy cows using Fourier and acetone in milk in combination with test-day information

The objective of this study was to assess the quality of a diagnostic model for the detection of hyperketonemia in early lactation dairy cows at test days. This diagnostic model comprised acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations in milk, as determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, in addition to other available test-day information. Plasma BHBA concentration was determined at a regular test day in 1,678 cows between 5 and 60 d in milk, originating from 118 randomly selected farms in the Netherlands. The observed prevalence of hyperketonemia (defined as plasma BHBA ≥1,200 μmol/L) was 11.2%. The value of FTIR predictions of milk acetone and milk BHBA concentrations as single tests for hyperketonemia were found limited, given the relatively large number of false positive test-day results. Therefore, a multivariate logistic regression model with a random herd effect was constructed, using parity, season, milk fat-to-protein ratio, and FTIR predictions of milk acetone and milk BHBA as predictive variables. This diagnostic model had 82.4% sensitivity and 83.8% specificity at the optimal cutoff value (defined as maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity) for the detection of hyperketonemia at test days. Increasing the cutoff value of the model to obtain a specificity of 95% increased the predicted value of a positive test result to 56.5%. Confirmation of test-positive samples with wet chemistry analysis of milk acetone or milk BHBA concentrations (serial testing) improved the diagnostic performance of the test procedure. The presented model was considered not suitable for individual detection of cows with ketosis due to the length of the test-day interval and the low positive predictive values of the investigated test procedures. The diagnostic model is, in our opinion, valuable for herd-level monitoring of hyperketonemia, especially when the model is combined with wet chemistry analysis of milk acetone or milk BHBA concentrations. By using the diagnostic model in combination with wet chemistry milk BHBA analysis, 84% of herds were correctly classified at a 10% alarm-level prevalence. As misclassification of herds may particularly occur when only a limited number of fresh cows are sampled, we suggest using prevalence estimates over several consecutive test days to evaluate feeding and management practices in smaller dairy farms.
Factors associated with experience of fatigue , and functional limitations due to fatigue in patients with stable COPD

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of selected physiological, psychological and situational factors on experience of fatigue, and functional limitations due to fatigue in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In total 101 patients with COPD and 34 control patients were assessed for experience of fatigue, functional limitation due to fatigue (Fatigue Impact Scale), physiological [lung function, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), body mass index (BMI), dyspnoea, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), surfactant protein D], psychological (anxiety, depression, insomnia), situational variables (age, sex, smoking, living alone, education), and quality of life. Results: Fatigue was more common in patients with COPD than in control patients (72% versus 56%, p < 0.001). Patients with COPD and fatigue had lower lung function, shorter 6MWD, more dyspnoea, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and worse health status compared with patients without fatigue (all p < 0.01). No differences were found for markers of systemic inflammation. In logistic regression, experience of fatigue was associated with depression [odds ratio (OR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–2.25) and insomnia (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.19–2.54). In linear regression models, depression, surfactant protein D and dyspnoea explained 35% (R2) of the variation in physical impact of fatigue. Current smoking and depression explained 33% (R2) of the cognitive impact of fatigue. Depression and surfactant protein D explained 48% (R2) of the psychosocial impact of fatigue. Conclusions: Experiences of fatigue and functional limitation due to fatigue seem to be related mainly to psychological but also to physiological influencing factors, with depressive symptoms, insomnia problems and dyspnoea as the most prominent factors. Systemic inflammation was not associated with perception of fatigue but surfactant protein D was connected to some dimensions of the impact of fatigue
Research in Developmental Disabilities Chronic kidney disease in older people with intellectual disability : Results of the HAID study

With increasing longevity and cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease may also become a significant problem in older people with intellectual disability (ID). We studied prevalence and associations of chronic kidney disease as part of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disability (HA-ID) study, a large Dutch cross-sectional study among people with ID aged 50 years and over, using creatinine and cystatin-C measurement in plasma. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. Equations based on creatinine (as the MDRD equation) may underestimate kidney dysfunction in people with sarcopenia, because low muscle mass leads to a low creatinine production. Therefore, also prevalence of chronic kidney disease was studied in the sarcopenic group, using different GFR equations. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease, among 635 participants, was 15.3%, which equals prevalence in the general Dutch population. In the group of participants with sarcopenia (n = 82), the CKD-EPI equation based on creatinine and cystatin-C gave a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease than did the MDRD equation, but confidence intervals were very wide. Chronic kidney disease was associated with higher age, Down syndrome, obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroid disease. GFR should be measured in all older people with ID and polypharmacy, and in older people with ID and Down syndrome as part of the regular health checks. Moreover, if sarcopenia is present and information on GFR is required, this should not be measured based on creatinine only, but additional measures, such as cystatin-C, should be taken into account. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Micromechanics of brittle creep in rocks

[1] In the upper crust, the chemical influence of pore water promotes time dependent brittle deformation through sub-critical crack growth. Sub-critical crack growth allows rocks to deform and fail at stresses well below their short-term failure strength, and even at constant applied stress (“brittle creep”). Here we provide a micromechanical model describing time dependent brittle creep of water-saturated rocks under triaxial stress conditions. Macroscopic brittle creep is modeled on the basis of microcrack extension under compressive stresses due to sub-critical crack growth. The incremental strains due to the growth of cracks in compression are derived from the sliding wing crack model ofAshby and Sammis(1990), and the crack length evolution is computed from Charles' law. The macroscopic strains and strain rates computed from the model are non linear, and compare well with experimental results obtained on granite, low porosity sandstone and basalt rock samples. Primary creep (decelerating strain) corresponds to decelerating crack growth, due to an initial decrease in stress intensity factor with increasing crack length in compression. Tertiary creep (accelerating strain as failure is approached) corresponds to an increase in crack growth rate due to crack interactions. Secondary creep with apparently constant strain rate arises as an inflexion between those two end-member phases. The minimum strain rate at the inflexion point can be estimated analytically as a function of model parameters, effective confining pressure and temperature, which provides an approximate creep law for the process. The creep law is used to infer the long term strain rate as a function of depth in the upper crust due to the action of the applied stresses: in this way, sub-critical cracking reduces the failure stress in a manner equivalent to a decrease in cohesion. We also investigate the competition with pressure solution in porous rocks, and show that the transition from sub-critical cracking to pressure solution dominated creep occurs with increasing depth and decreasing strain rates.