Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic stakeholder orientations and performance consequences—a case of private nonprofit performing arts in the US

This paper borrows a market orientation perspective in considering how organizations behave toward stakeholders and the implications on performance in the institutional performing arts environment. To investigate the relationship between stakeholder orientations and organizational performance, both interviews and a survey instrument were used. Using nonprofit performing arts organizations in three metropolitan areas of Northwestern US as a sample frame, primary data was collected from leading directors of these organizations. The results generally indicate a positive relationship between stakeholder orientation and organizational performance. Complex relationships between dimensions of stakeholder orientation and performance consequences were also observed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of financial leverage on dividend policy: Empirical evidence from Karachi Stock Exchange-listed companies

This paper examines the relationship between dividend policy and financial leverage of 403 companies, listed with Karachi Stock Exchange during the period 2002 to 2008. Dividend policy, vastly followed by the companies, was tested by applying the extended model of Linter (1956) with the debt ratio of the firm, the previous year’s dividend yield as its independent variables and change in earnings as a dummy variable. At first, the descriptive statistics for our entire variables were calculated and then correlation matrix was calculated to identify the preliminary relationship among all the variables, followed by regression analysis on panel data to examine the significance and magnitude through fixed and random effects models. Theoretical assertions were justified through random effect model that the level of corporate debt (leverage) and widely practiced dividend policy, significantly, affect the dividend policy of the Pakistani firms. On the other hand, financial leverage was found to have a negative impact on dividend payout, indicating less dividend payments by high-debt firms. The findings also revealed/ confirmed that change in earnings has no significant impact on dividend policy in case of Pakistani firms while the dividend yield has positive impact and vice versa. Fixed effect model, applied for the study, supports only the significant effect of dividend yield on dividend per share.
Somatotropic function in short stature: evaluation by integrated auxological and hormonal indices in 214 children. The Italian Collaborative Group of Neuroendocrinology.

GH secretion was evaluated in 214 children and adolescents (age, 5-16 yr; 160 males and 54 females) with short stature (height, < or = 5th percentile) by assessing mean spontaneous overnight GH concentration (normal values, > or = 3 and 3.9 micrograms/L for prepubertal and pubertal subjects, respectively) and responsiveness to stimulation with GH-releasing hormone combined with pyridostigmine (normal peak values, > or = 20 micrograms/L). Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was also measured. According to their GH secretory status, children were grouped as follows: group I, 154 subjects with normal spontaneous and stimulated GH (43 slow-growing and 111 normally growing); group II, 39 subjects with low spontaneous, but normal stimulated, GH (27 slow-growing and 12 normally growing); group III, 18 slow-growing subjects with low spontaneous and stimulated GH; and group IV, 3 subjects with normal spontaneous, but low stimulated, GH. The following conclusions were drawn. 1) Forty-five slow-growing subjects (21% of the total sample) had GH deficiency; 27 (12.6%) belonged to group II (with a preserved GH pituitary reserve, denoting a hypothalamic dysfunction) and 18 (8.4%) to group III (with a reduced GH pituitary reserve). 2) Forty-three slow-growing children in group I had normal GH secretion but low mean IGF-I, which may indicate nutritional problems or a biologically hypoactive GH molecule. 3) The remaining 111 subjects in group I (52%), with normal growth rate, but low mean parental height, were considered as having familial and/or constitutional short stature. GH responses after pyridostigmine plus GH-releasing hormone were normal in all children with a normal growth rate. These findings show that besides clinical evaluation, the assessment of spontaneous GH secretion, GH pituitary reserve, and IGF-I concentration allows proper pathophysiological characterization of short stature. By this approach, the frequency of GH deficiency in our sample was higher than commonly thought.
The impact of inter-generational social and regional circumstances on dietary intake patterns of British adults: results from the 1946 British Birth Cohort

Abstract Objectives: (1) To determine the extent to which an individual's childhood social circumstances and region of residence influence their dietary pattern at age 43 years and (2) to establish the extent to which an individual adopts the dietary pattern of their social and regional circumstances at age 43 years. Design: Longitudinal study of a social class stratified, random sample of all legitimate, singleton births in the week of 3–9 March 1946. Settings: England, Scotland and Wales. Subjects: The 3187 survey members who provided sociodemographic information at age 4 years in 1950 and sociodemographic and dietary data (48-hour dietary recall) at 43 years in 1989. Results: People who remained in the non-manual social class consumed significantly higher amounts of food items correlated with the factor health aware (items include high-fibre breakfast cereals, wholemeal breads, apples and bananas) than those who remained in the manual social class. Those who made the transition from manual social class in childhood to non-manual social class at age 43 years partly adopted the distinctive dietary patterns of the non-manual social classes. Consumption of items in the factors refined (items include whole-fat milk, white bread, sugar and butter) and sandwich (items include tomatoes, lettuce, onions, bacon and ham) did not differ by social class or regional mobility. Conclusions: This work suggests that although adult dietary patterns are developed as a result of childhood influences, these patterns can be modified as a result of social and regional transitions. Such changes in dietary patterns may influence susceptibility to disease.
THE STICKING OF ATOMIC HYDROGEN ON AMORPHOUS WATER ICE

Using classical molecular dynamics, we have simulated the sticking and scattering process of a hydrogen atom on an amorphous ice film to predict the sticking probability of hydrogen on ice surfaces. A wide range of initial kinetic energies of the incident hydrogen atom (10 K–600 K) and two different ice temperatures (10 K and 70 K) were used to investigate this fundamental process in interstellar chemistry. We report here the sticking probability of atomic hydrogen as a function of incident kinetic energy, gas temperature, and substrate temperature, which can be used in astrophysical models. The current results are compared to previous theoretical and experimental studies that have reported a wide range in the sticking coefficient.
Market Pioneer and Early Follower Survival Risks: A Contingency Analysis of Really New versus Incrementally New Product-Markets

Does the first entrant in a new market have a difficult time surviving or do first-mover advantages provide protection from outright failure? This empirical study of 264 new industrial product-markets yields insights into this controversial research topic. The key data analysis insights arise through a comparison of survival risks in markets that were started with a really new product and in those that were started with an incremental innovation. When a pioneer starts a new market with a really new product, it can be a major challenge just to survive. In contrast, in markets started by an incremental innovation, market pioneer survival risks are much lower. Notably, early followers have the same survival risk across both types of markets. Overall, these results indicate that in markets started by a really new product, the first to market is often the first to fail. In contrast, in markets started by an incremental innovation, it appears that first-mover advantages protect the pioneer from outright failure.
Study of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) for Diagnosis of Lesions of Liver Diseases Guided By Ultra Sound

The main indication for fine needle aspiration (FNA) of liver is the evaluation of mass lesions. (Silverman JF,Geisinger KR-1996). In most FNA biopsies of hepatic masses an accurate diagnosis can be rendered based on the cytomorphological features alone,(Silverman JF,geisinger KR-1996). However in selected cases, ancillary studies can be quiet helpful in refining the diagnosis. ( Silverman JFFinely J L,o'Brein KF 1989). By onsite discussion with radiologists and clinicians, the cytopathologist may gain significant data to integrate into the final diagnosis.The major indication for FNA of the liver is the evaluation of a hepatic mass. FNA biopsy, is especially useful in the investigation of non-neoplastic & especially neoplastic mass lesions of the liver. Keywords: Diagnosis, FNAC , Liver, ultrasound
The Importance of the Location in Hosting a Festival: A Mapping Approach

As consumers simultaneously consider a broader range of festivals in a crowded market, festivals often face higher competitive pressures. Configuration theory suggests that these pressures lead to specific groups of festival configurations that best fit their competitive environment. In this study, data on the competitive pressures of 139 Dutch music festivals are used to explore design features that organizations use to adapt to their competitive pressures. The empirical results show that there are three distinctive groups of music festival configurations in The Netherlands. One group of typically larger festivals is orientated towards the music industry at large and involves industry participants, music fans, and other festival visitors that come together on a festival site. For this particular group of festivals, the location, per se, plays a minor role in the competition for visitors. In contrast, the location plays a key role for visitors in the midrange and smaller festival groups: urban music festivals and countryside pop and rock festivals. The results explain why certain festivals seem to be able to move to another location without losing too many visitors (or even grow as a result). From a hospitality management perspective, the results show that some festivals have a lower location dependency than others.
Prioritising identity : a grounded theory of employees' evaluation of the work-life interface in multinational corporations

Are we working to live or living to work? The interface between work and personal life is often viewed as a source of irreconcilable conflict and the predominant worklife metaphors of 'balance' and 'conflict' reinforce this view. Much research in this area assumes that time and resource allocation is at the heart of managing the worklife interface; faced with the work-life conundrum‘, many employers respond by implementing time and resource-focused initiatives such as flexible working hours and access to special leave provisions. Increasingly, organisations are devoting significant resources to establishing and promoting effective work-life balance policies. But are these responses based on valid assumptions that accurately reflect employees‘ perceptions of the work-life interface? Anecdotal evidence suggests that, despite the many and varied work-life strategies being implemented in organisations, increasing numbers of employees are engaging with support services outside the workplace to help them manage the intersection between paid employment and family commitments. Many of those seeking support from organisations such as Relationships Australia are male, blue-collar employees in large organisations who have access to, but apparently find unsuitable, the proffered time and resource oriented work-life initiatives. There appears then to be a 'disconnect' between employers‘ work-life initiatives and employees‘ experiences and perceptions of the work-life interface.
Organizational Sponsorship and Founding Environments: A Contingency View on the Survival of Business Incubated Firms, 1994-2007

Organizational sponsorship refers to attempts to mediate the relationship between new organizations and their environments by creating a resource-munificent context intended to increase survival rates among those new organizations. This includes efforts such as business incubation, venture capital, and governmental policies that create resource munificent environments for entrepreneurial activity. Existing theories are prone to treat such resource munificence as the inverse of resource dependence, indicating that the application of new resources in an entrepreneurial context should always benefit new firms. These existing theories, however, often overlook heterogeneity in both the types of applied resources as well as the founding environmental conditions. By attending to these nuances, we reveal that resource munificence is not necessarily predictive of organizational survival. Employing a dataset of 178 university-based incubators hosting 2110 new organizations from 1994 to 2007, we find that the resource munificence related to sponsorship can potentially decrease or increase survival rates among new organizations, and that these effects are contingent on the fit of the resource type with the geographic-based founding density. These findings confirm the need for a more nuanced theory of sponsorship that attends to the mechanisms and conditions whereby resource munificence is likely to alter new organization survival rates.
Generating Trust and Satisfaction in E-Services: The Impact of Usability on Consumer Behavior

The analysis of usability has achieved much popularity in recent years as a means of improving user experience with commercial websites. However, most work has focused on the measurement of usability as opposed to its implications for consumer behavior. The present work analyses the influence of usability on two key concepts in relationship marketing: trust and satisfaction. The results confirm the impact of usability on the ability dimension of trust, as well as the mediating role of satisfaction between (a) usability and honesty and (b) usability and benevolence. The main implications of these results are discussed.
Roles of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in Vascular Regulation and Cardiac Preconditioning

Continuing investigations of the roles of cytochrome P450 (CYP) arachidonic acid epoxygenase metabolites in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology have revealed their complex and diverse biological effects. Often these metabolites demonstrate protective properties that are revealed during cardiovascular disease. In this regard, the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are an emerging target for pharmacological manipulation aimed at enhancing their cardiac and vascular protective mechanisms. This review will focus on the role of EETs in the regulation of vascular tone, with emphasis on the coronary circulation, their role in limiting platelet aggregation, vascular inflammation and EET contribution to preconditioning of the ischemic myocardium. Production and metabolism of EETs as well as their specific cellular signaling mechanisms are discussed.
Tumor-promoting phorbol esters inhibit procollagen synthesis at a pretranslational level in JB-6 mouse epidermal cells

Collagen synthesis was inhibited in JB-6 mouse epidermal cells after exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate under conditions leading to irreversible neoplastic transformation. In vitro translation and hybridization studies demonstrated a dramatic decrease in collagen mRNA in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-treated cells, suggesting that the inhibition of collagen synthesis in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate is due to regulation at a pretranslational level.
Dysplasia Associated With Atypical Glandular Cells on Cervical Cytology

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the rates of and identify risk factors for disease in women with atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS). METHODS: From 1998–2001, 477 Pap tests at Hartford Hospital were classified as AGUS and met the inclusion criteria of this study. Findings were evaluated for 2 years from the initial test. Disease was defined as histology results with a finding of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or greater. RESULTS: Disease was diagnosed in 9% of the women, including malignancy in 3%. Women with malignant-appearing AGUS Pap tests had a higher rate of disease (29%) than women with benign-appearing (5%, P < .01) and unspecified AGUS Pap tests (13%, P < .03). Malignancies were associated with all subclassifications of AGUS Pap tests. Women aged less than 35 years were more likely to have disease than women aged 35 years or older (P < .02). Most women aged younger than 35 years had a squamous abnormality, whereas women aged 35 years or older had a greater diversity of squamous and glandular lesions and accounted for all cases of endometrial cancer, adenocarcinoma in situ, and cervical adenocarcinoma. Women with persistent AGUS Pap tests had a 31% rate of disease. The rate of disease among women with AGUS Pap tests collected by liquid-based cytology was 11%, compared with 6% among samples collected by the conventional method. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that women with atypical glandular cells are at substantial risk for dysplasia and malignancy. The rate of disease varies with the method of Pap test collection, age, presence of persistent AGUS Pap tests, and AGUS subclassification. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-3
Calculating the value of customers’ referrals

Word‐of‐mouth is a rarely quantified phenomenon, in spite of its importance for service firms. Therefore, referrals remain a neglected determinant of customer lifetime valuation, although some authors claim them to be the astronomical part of customer equity. The paper discusses different approaches to the calculation of positive word‐of‐mouth, leading to a monetary referral value of a company’s customers.
Patients with grade 3 follicular lymphoma have prolonged relapse-free survival following anthracycline-based chemotherapy: the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group Experience.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the outcome and clinical features predictive of survival in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) treated aggressively and to determine the rate of disease-specific mortality in patients with grade 3 FL (FL3). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred and twenty-one patients with FL who were treated with various anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens were included in this retrospective study. RESULTS Patients with FL3 and a diffuse component of >50% had the worst outcome, with a hazard ratio of dying of 2.2 (95% CI 1.4-3.4) compared with patients with FL1 or FL2, and a ratio of 1.6 (95% CI 1.02-2.5) compared with FL3 with a diffuse component of < or =50% by multivariate analysis (P = 0.0026). Patients with FL3a had an outcome similar to those with FL3b. In patients with FL3 and a diffuse component of < or =50%, the overall and event-free survival curves showed a plateau for patients younger than 60 years of age. However, there were no differences in the cumulative incidence of relapse/progression or lymphoma-specific/treatment-related mortality between the two age groups. CONCLUSIONS Less than half of the patients with FL3 and a diffuse component of < or =50% treated with anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy will relapse and relapses are uncommon after 6 years. Older patients should be offered the same aggressive chemotherapy as younger patients.
Classifying attitude by topic aspect for english and chinese document collections

The goal of this dissertation is to explore the design of tools to help users make sense of subjective information in English and Chinese by comparing attitudes on aspects of a topic in English and Chinese document collections. This involves two coupled challenges: topic aspect focus and attitude characterization. The topic aspect focus is specified by using information retrieval techniques to obtain documents on a topic that are of interest to a user and then allowing the user to designate a few segments of those documents to serve as examples for aspects that she wishes to see characterized. A novel feature of this work is that the examples can be drawn from documents in two languages (English and Chinese). A bilingual aspect classifier which applies monolingual and cross-language classification techniques is used to assemble automatically a large set of document segments on those same aspects. A test collection was designed for aspect classification by annotating consecutive sentences in documents from the Topic Detection and Tracking collections as aspect instances. Experiments show that classification effectiveness can often be increased by using training examples from both languages. Attitude characterization is achieved by classifiers which determine the subjectivity and polarity of document segments. Sentence attitude classification is the focus of the experiments in the dissertation because the best presently available test collection for Chinese attitude classification (the NTCIR-6 Chinese Opinion Analysis Pilot Task) is focused on sentence-level classification. A large Chinese sentiment lexicon was constructed by leveraging existing Chinese and English lexical resources, and an existing character-based approach for estimating the semantic orientation of other Chinese words was extended. A shallow linguistic analysis approach was adopted to classify the subjectivity and polarity of a sentence. Using the large sentiment lexicon with appropriate handling of negation, and leveraging sentence subjectivity density, sentence positivity and negativity, the resulting sentence attitude classifier was more effective than the best previously reported systems.
Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis with Seed Definition Constrained by Regional Homogeneity

Researchers have recently focused their attention on the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) in the brain using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed-based correlation analysis (SCAC), which correlates a predefined seed region with other voxels in the brain, is a common index for FC. However, definition of seed sizes and locations was ambiguous in previous studies and this may lead to spurious results for people with a unique functional anatomy. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel method (SCAReHo) that provides a data-driven seed selection (including sizes and locations) method by incorporating regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the SCAC method. The disparities between SCAC and SCAReHo methods among 12 healthy participants were evaluated in the FC of default mode network (DMN), task-positive network (TPN), and amygdala network. The SCAReHo method bypasses the seed-selection ambiguity and enhances the sensitivity in detecting FC of the DMN, TPN, and amygdala network. This study suggests that the SCAReHo method improves the sensitivity of FC analysis and reduces the uncertainty of seed selection. Thus, this method may be particularly useful for psychiatric and neurological investigations.