Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wie Menschen in Deutschland über Sprache denken : Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Repräsentativerhebung zu aktuellen Spracheinstellungen

Was denken die Menschen in Deutschland uber sprachliche Fragen? Wie stehen sie zur deutschen Sprache, was denken sie uber ihre Dialekte? Was denken sie uber andere Sprachen? Und wie hangen ihre Meinungen zu sprachlichen Dingen mit ihren sonstigen Einstellungen oder auch mit bestimmten demographischen Faktoren zusammen? Diese Fragen sind Gegenstand des Forschungsprojekts „Erkundung und Analyse aktueller Spracheinstellungen in Deutschland“, dessen zentrale Datengrundlage mit diesem Band zuganglich gemacht wird. Das Projekt ist ein interdisziplinares Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Instituts fur Deutsche Sprache und des Lehrstuhls fur Sozialpsychologie der Universitat Mannheim in Verbindung mit dem Deutschen Sprachrat.
Feasibility Study of Heartbeat Detection from Optical Interferometric Signal by using Convolution Kernel Compensation

In this paper, a feasibility of detecting heartbeat from optical interferometric signal by using convolution kernel compensation (CKC) latent variable analysis (LVA) approach is examined. Optical interferometer is a very sensitive device that detects physical elongation of the optical fibre. When used as bed or body sensor, mechanical and audible activity of the heart produce perturbations in the detected signal that, when extracted by LVA, allows completely unobtrusive monitoring of heartbeat. We performed an experiment with fourteen young healthy participants. They exercised on a cycle ergometer until they reached their submaximal heart rate (85 % of maximal heart rate). During resting period after the exercise optical interferometric signal was acquired along with the referential ECG signal. CKC-based decomposition of 1minute-long signal segments was performed. The obtained efficiency (sensitivity of 97.8 ± 3.0 %, precision of 93.6 ± 7.6 %) and accuracy (reference-to-detected beat delay of 167 ± 65 ms) are within acceptable limits indicating that unobtrusive heartbeat detection using the proposed approach is feasible.
Shortened telomere length in white blood cells of patients with IDDM.

IDDM is a polygenic and autoimmune disorder in which subsets of white blood cells (WBCs) are engaged in the destruction of beta-cells of the pancreas. The mechanisms that account for the abnormal behavior of these cells in IDDM are not fully understood. By measuring the mean length of telomeres of WBCs from patients with IDDM, we tested the concept that telomeres might play a role in IDDM. We examined the lengths of the terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) of DNA of WBCs from 234 white men comprising 54 patients with IDDM, 74 patients with NIDDM, and 106 control subjects. When adjusted for age, the TRF length from WBCs of patients with IDDM was significantly shorter than that of nondiabetic control subjects (mean +/- SE: 8.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 9.2 +/- 0.1, P = 0.002). No significant difference was observed between the TRF length from WBCs of patients with NIDDM versus nondiabetic subjects. Neither the duration nor the complications of IDDM (i.e., nephropathy and hypertension) had an effect on the TRF length of WBCs from patients with IDDM. The shortened TRF length of WBCs of patients with IDDM likely reflects a marked reduction in the TRF length of subsets of WBCs that play a role in the pathogenesis of IDDM.
A hybrid recommendation system for E-commerce based on product description and user profile

E-commerce is an online trading system that eases transactions for both sellers and consumers without having to meet in person. The prevalence of e-commerce has increased competition amongst sellers, hence the users of e-commerce has to increase their performance, one of them by using recommendation system. This research develops a hybrid recommendation system for e-commerce that implements Content-based Filtering and Collaborative Filtering methods, which will compute the simmilarities of product description and user profile. In experiment results, it was found that the recommendation has similarity with product description and the preference of user profile with the average of precision value is 67.5% and recall value is 71.47%.
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) 10 and 17 in Th2 Mediated Responses

Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and “asthma attacks” caused by obstruction in airflow. In the United States, prevalence has increased since 2001 with children and African Americans having the highest incidence [1]. Asthma-related medical costs are $3,300 per diagnosed individual including missed school and work days and asthma-related deaths totaled 3,404 in 2010 [2;3]. Worldwide, 300 million people are diagnosed with asthma and 70% of those suffer from other allergies as well [4]. Helminth infection, however, is considered a disease of developing countries and is rarely concomitant with allergies [5]. The World Health Organization estimates that 1.5 billion people, or 24% of the world’s population, is infected by soil transmitted helminthes, with the majority of cases occurring in east Asia, China, and Sub-Saharan Africa [6]. Allergy, asthma, and helminth infection are considered classic Th2 diseases with immunoglobulin E (IgE) as the predominant antibody class coordinating the response. IgE levels are tightly regulated, being the antibody with the lowest levels in vivo [7]. Interestingly, very small amounts of antigen are detected by IgE, making it a “gatekeeper”, as it is first to detect foreign particles in areas of interface with the environment. When these foreign particles are innocuous, such as pollen, cat dander or peanut proteins, IgE moves from beneficial to potentially life threat‐ ening. IgE mediates allergic responses from mild reactions to severe, such as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, asthma, and anaphylactic shock [8].
Tubal sterilization: findings in a large prospective study

Summary. Of the 17 032 women taking part in a large prospective study of the beneficial and harmful effects of different contraceptive methods, 2243 (13%) had undergone tubal sterilization by the end of 1981 while another 3551 (21%) had husbands who had undergone vasectomy. The most commonly used female sterilization procedure was laparoscopic tubal diathermy. About 19% of all operations were carried out at the time of a delivery or during the subsequent 4 weeks. In total, 16 accidental pregnancies have occurred in the sterilized women, the failure rate during the 12 months after surgery being 0.37 per 100 woman‐years and the rate during the subsequent months being 0.10 per 100 woman‐years. Of the 16 accidental pregnancies, seven were ectopic. In an analysis comparing women who had undergone tubal sterilization with those whose husbands had undergone vasectomy, there was little evidence of any excess occurrence of gynaecological or psychiatric disorders in the former group.
The Search for Optimal Treatment in Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Despite the significant progress in the treatment of AML during the last 5-10 years, 20-40% of patients still do not achieve remission with standard induction therapy. In addition, 50-70% of patients in CR are likely to relapse. A major limitation of successful AML therapy is intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Several pharmacological inhibitors of mechanisms inducing chemoresistance in leukemic cells have been investigated. New cytotoxic drugs, agents with novel mechanisms of action, and new treatment strategies are currently being investigated. The management of refractory or relapsed AML patients is reviewed in this study.
Augmenting effects of gestational arsenite exposure of C3H mice on the hepatic tumors of the F2 male offspring via the F1 male offspring

Gestational exposure can affect the F2 generation through exposure of F1 germline cells. Previous studies reported that arsenite exposure of only F0 females during their pregnancy increases hepatic tumors in the F1 males in C3H mice, whose males are predisposed spontaneously to develop hepatic tumors later in life. The present study addressed the effects of gestational arsenite exposure on tumorigenesis of the F2 males in C3H mice. Expression analysis of several genes in the normal livers at 53 and 80 weeks of age clearly showed significant changes in the F2 males obtained by crossing gestational arsenite‐exposed F1 (arsenite‐F1) males and females compared to the control F2 males. Some of the changes were shown to occur in a late‐onset manner. Then the tumor incidence was assessed at 75–82 weeks of age in the F2 males obtained by reciprocal crossing between the control and arsenite‐F1 males and females. The results demonstrated that the F2 males born to arsenite‐F1 males developed tumors at a significantly higher rate than the F2 males born to the control F1 males, irrespective of exposure of F1 females. Gene expressions of hepatocellular carcinoma markers β‐catenin (CTNNB1) and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist in the tumors were significantly upregulated in the F2 males born to arsenite‐F1 males compared to those born to the control F1 males. These results show that arsenite exposure of only F0 pregnant mice causes late‐onset changes and augments tumors in the livers of the F2 males by affecting the F1 male offspring. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic micro organisms causing UTI in Kathmandu valley.

UNLABELLED A retrospective study was conducted in five hospitals to observe the prevalence of organisms causing UTI and their sensitivity to antibiotics. METHODOLOGY Altogether, data from five hundred samples of urine from five hospitals in Kathmandu was collected for this study from January 2005 to April 2005. RESULT A total of 244 samples were found to be positive. Altogether six types of organisms were isolated as the causative factors. E. coli (49%), S. aureus, (coagulase positive) (23%), Proteus species (3.6%), Klebsiella (9.71%), Pseudomonas (0.8%) and Citrobacter (2.8%). Analysis of the samples showed that UTI was more common in females of younger age group as compared to males. The common age group for females was 21-30 years, whereas that for males was 31-40 years in all the hospitals except in hospital A, where the maximum number of females was from 31-40 years and males were between 71-80 years. The most common organism to cause UTI was found to be E. coli (49%), followed by S. aureus (23%) and Klebsiella (9.71%). All the organisms causing UTI were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and amoxycillin and ciprofloxacin was found to be least effective. Similarly, in three hospitals, B (88.2%), D (64.7%) and E (65.3%), amoxycillin was found to be most effective, amikacin and gentamycin (92.5%) was most effective in hospital C, and nitrofurantoin in hospital A (78%). The second commonest organism, i.e., S. aureus (23%) was most sensitive to cephalosporin (88.8%) of second generation, followed by nitrofurantoin (77.7%), amikacin (80.6%) and norfloxacin (65.5%). The third common organism, Klebsiella (9.71%) was most sensitive to norfloxacin (75%) and nitrofurantoin (75%). Lastly, Pseudomonas was resistant to all the antibiotics in hospital A, D and E, nil in hospital B and sensitive to amikacin (100%) in hospital C.
Multisensory Integration

Multisensory integration in humans is thought to be essentially a brain phenomenon, but theories are silent as to the possible involvement of the peripheral nervous system. We provide evidence that this approach is insufficient. We report novel tactile-auditory and tactilevisual interactions in humans, demonstrating that a facilitating sound or visual stimulus that is exactly synchronous with an excitatory tactile signal presented at the lower leg increases the peripheral representation of that excitatory signal. These results demonstrate that during multisensory integration, the brain not only continuously binds information obtained from the senses, but also acts directly on that information by modulating activity at peripheral levels. We also discuss a theoretical framework to explain this novel interaction.
Association of time to antibiotics and clinical outcomes in adult hematologic malignancy patients with febrile neutropenia

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the clinical impact of time to antibiotic administration in adult inpatients who have hematologic malignancies and develop febrile neutropenia. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to screen for all febrile neutropenia events amongst adult hematologic malignancy patients between 1 January 2010 and 1 September 2014. All included patients were admitted to the hospital at the time of fever onset, having been admitted for a diagnosis other than febrile neutropenia. Descriptive statistics and logistic generalized estimated equations were used to analyze the data. Results Two hundred forty-four neutropenic fever events met inclusion criteria. Thirty-five events (14.34%) led to negative clinical outcomes (in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit transfer, or vasopressor requirement), with an in-house mortality rate of 7.4%. The time to antibiotics ranged from 10 min to 1495 min. The median time to antibiotics in the events that led to negative outcomes was 120 min compared to 102 min in the events that did not lead to the negative outcome (p = 0.93). Conditional order sets were used to order empiric antibiotics in 176 events (72.1%) and significantly reduced time to antibiotics from 287 min to 143 min (p = 0.0019). Conclusion Prolonged time to antibiotic administration in hematologic malignancy patients who develop neutropenic fever was not shown to be associated with negative clinical outcomes.
Some adverse effects of soil amendment with organic Materials—The case of soils polluted by copper industry phytostabilized with red fescue

ABSTRACT The study was aimed to examine the effects of soil amendment with organic waste materials on the growth of red fescue and the uptake of Cu and Zn by this grass, in view of its potential usage for phytostabilization of Cu-polluted soils. Five soils, containing 301–5180 mg/kg Cu, were collected from the surroundings of copper smelter Legnica, and amended with lignite (LG) and limed sewage sludge (SS). Plant growth and the concentrations of Cu and Zn in the shoots and roots of grass were measured in a pot experiment and related to the results of Pytotoxkit and Microtox® tests performed on soil solution. The effects of soil amendment with LG and SS differed greatly, and depended on soil properties. In some cases, the application of alkaline SS resulted in dramatic increase of Cu phytotoxicity and its enhanced uptake by plants, while application of LG to slightly acidic soil caused increased accumulation of Zn in plants, particularly in their roots. The study confirmed good suitability of red fescue for phytostabilization of Cu-contaminated soils except for those extremely polluted. Organic amendments to be used for metal immobilization should be thoroughly examined prior to application.
Management Considerations for Operating a Subsurface Drip Irrigation ( SDI ) System

Gary A. Clark Research Agricultural Engineer Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems deliver water to the root zone of crops using polyethylene drip tubing that is permanently buried below the soil surface. In properly designed and operated systems, little or no wetting of the soil surface occurs, nor is there visual evidence of the system performance. Because SDI systems apply water differently than center pivot sprinklers and surface flood systems, an SDI operator may need to change current irrigation management protocol or learn new procedures to ensure proper SDI performance. Pressure gauge and water meter readings become extremely important indicators of the health of an SDI system. Other management issues also may require some modification to use SDI system strengths, including tillage, fertilizer, and herbicide programs. SDI systems also may change the answer to the fundamental irrigation-scheduling question of how much and how frequently irrigation water should be applied. This publication focuses on using SDI with lower-value field crops, such as corn, on the deeper silt loam soils of Kansas. Although many of the considerations apply to SDI systems for other crops and regions, it is always wise to consider how these guidelines apply to your own specific field and crop characteristics.
Children's loneliness: a comparison of rejected and neglected peer status.

ABSTRACT Recent research indicates that a considerable number of children report extreme feelings of lonelines andthat unpopular children are more lonely than popular children. TJie present study assessed feelings of loneliness/in two subgroups of.unpopular children; those who 'were rejected (low on positive and high on negative peer nominations) and those who were neglected (low on both positive and negative peer nominations). 'Dafta on pdular, average, and controversial children were also collected. I3esults from 200 thirdthrough sixVh-grade children 'indicated_ that' rejected children were the most lonely group and that popul9r children were the least lonely. Neglected. , average, and controversial.children reported intermediate levels. Overall, the results provided added evidence of , the utility of the distinction between neglected and rejected status and support earlier conclusions' that rejected children are more at-risk than other status groups. (Author/RH)
Ebp1 Association with Nucleophosmin/B23 Is Essential for Regulating Cell Proliferation and Suppressing Apoptosis*

Ebp1 and NPM/B23 are essential for cell proliferation and survival. Ebp1 possesses p42 and p48 isoforms. Whereas p42 exclusively resides in the cytoplasm, p48 localizes in both the cytoplasm and the nucleolus. Here, we show that Ebp1 forms a complex with B23, and this complex plays a critical role in cell proliferation and survival. p42 specifically associates with B23 upon epidermal growth factor stimulation, while p48 constantly binds B23. Moreover, Ser360 phosphorylation in p42, but not p48, is critical for the interaction. p48 constitutively binds B23 in the nucleolus, for which B23 Lys263 sumoylation is indispensable. By contrast, p42 selectively binds unsumoylated B23 mutants. Interestingly, B23 K263R, an unsumoylated mutant, triggers p42 nuclear translocation and interacts with it in the nucleus even in the absence of epidermal growth factor. In contrast, the nucleolar residency of p48 is abolished in B23 K263R cells. During the cell cycle, p42 selectively colocalizes with B23 in the mitotic cells, correlating with its phosphorylation status in mitosis. Knocking down of B23 or Ebp1 substantially decreases ribosome biogenesis and cell survival. Thus, B23 distinctively binds Ebp1 isoforms and regulates cell proliferation and survival through p42 and p48, respectively.
Towards a model-based verification methodology for Complex Swarm Systems (Invited paper)

The recent advances with respect to the costs, size, and power consumption of electronic components paved the way for System of Systems (SoS), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), or the Internet of Things (IoT). As a next stage, these developments currently motivate the consideration of Complex Swarm Systems (CSS), i.e., continuously running systems that will dynamically change after deployment and are connected by heterogeneous components which can join and leave the system at any time. Due to this dynamic nature and the constant reconfigurations, it is not possible to completely verify those systems with conventional verification methods anymore. Therefore, we propose a new methodology which follows a different scheme: Instead of trying to verify all possible behavior of a CSS (which, due to the vast number of possible instantiations or connections of the heterogeneous components, becomes an impracticable task anyway), we aim for verifying that, at least, no scenario which violates certain (safety-critical) forbidden actions is possible. To this end, solutions for model-based verification are employed. By means of a case study, the feasibility and promises of the proposed methodology are illustrated.
Feedback Control of Hand-Movement and Fitts' Law

Fitt's empirical result is stated and its information theoretic interpretation briefly discussed. An alternate derivation from a model assuming continuous velocity control of hand position is shown to fit the motion time data equally well. Detailed studies of hand motion trajectories in Fitts' reciprocal tapping task have confirmed the exponential target approach predicted by this model but also revealed systematic fluctuations that it cannot explain. A further alternate model is therefore presented, based on intermittent feedback with target approach by a sequence of discrete positional corrective motion “impulses”. The second model also predicts motion times in accord with Fitts' Law. Detailed studies of target aimed translational hand and rotary wrist motions have shown that the intermittent corrective impulses are of approximately Gaussian integral form, with minimum s.d. on the order of 30 msec. for wrist rotation, and recurrence rate about 10/s. Mechanical and physiological interactions capable of explaining this corrective impulse trajectory are discussed, and a model based on balance of forces between agonist and antagonist muscles is briefly developed. The interaction between external (visual) and internal (proprioceptive or kinaesthetic) feedback channels determining impulse amplitude is discussed in the light of results obtained using force disturbance and with amplified, attenuated or delayed visual feedback. It seems that an internal “secondary positional reference” must be postulated to explain results obtained when S is deprived of visual feedback.
Is Depression a Modifiable Risk Factor for Diabetes Burden?

The purpose of this review article was to examine the empirical evidence supporting depression as a risk factor for diabetes complications and associated burden. A database search using keywords located recent clinical and population studies addressing the association between depression and type 2 diabetes. Both cross-sectional and cohort studies were reviewed. Depression appears to exacerbate the progression of type 2 diabetes. The evidence is strong supporting the hypothesis that depression in persons with diabetes increases the risk of diabetes-related burden, including suboptimal glycemic control, complications, functionality, mortality, and health care utilization. Screening for depression among patients with diabetes should be increased in primary care. Newer approaches to diabetes care management may help to slow the progression of diabetes.
Tolerance and pharmacokinetics of propacetamol, a paracetamol formulation for intravenous use

Summary— In 12 healthy volunteers, paracetamol pharmacokinetics were compared following administration of 1 g propacetamol HCl given intravenously over a 15‐min period and 500 mg paracetamol given orally. Mean ± SD total AUC (μg/ml·h) following the iv formulation was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than following oral paracetamol (25.53 ± 4.27 vs 21.04 ± 4.49) corresponding to a mean oral bioavailability of paracetamol of 82.2 ± 9.4%. Between 1 and 2 h after administration, paracetamol plasma concentrations became very similar following both formulations. In another study, 2 g propacetamol HCl was given both as a 15‐min infusion and as a 2‐min bolus injection to six healthy volunteers. Contrary to mild to moderate local discomfort experienced during the 2‐min bolus injection, the 15‐min infusion was well tolerated without any complaints reported.