Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free cashflow and firm performance: Evidence from sectoral levels for Vietnamese listed firms

Using data of listed firms on Hochiminh Stock Exchange, the study examines the impact of free cashflowson firm performance of manufacture, trade and real estates sectors. The findingsconsistently show that free cashflowshave a positive effect on firm performance for all sectors. However, the impact of free cashflows on firm performanceis different between firms with and without investment opportunities. This shows the relevance of Jensen's free-cashflows theory (1986) to listed Vietnamese firms at thesectoral level.
Are Farmer Transaction Costs a Barrier to Conservation Program Participation

A deeper understanding of barriers to participation in conservation programs, including farmer transaction costs, may improve program design and implementation as well as producer outreach, and thus improve water quality. Data on perceived barriers and transaction costs from the 2012 USDA Agricultural Resources Management Survey of soybean farmers were analyzed. For people who have not applied for programs, the percentage of people agreeing that applying for programs and documenting compliance were barriers, indicates that perceived transaction costs are a barrier to participation. The measured magnitudes of transaction costs of farmers who actually applied to these programs do not seem particularly onerous and are lower than the transaction costs that have been measured for European AESs. Regression analysis indicates there are fixed costs to applying to the programs and there is some evidence that complexity of the program and the farming system increases transaction costs.
The effect of viscoelasticity on the turbulent kinetic energy cascade

Abstract Direct numerical simulations of statistically steady homogeneous isotropic turbulence in viscoelastic fluids described by the FENE-P model, such as those laden with polymers, are presented. It is shown that the strong depletion of the turbulence dissipation reported by previous authors does not necessarily imply a depletion of the nonlinear energy cascade. However, for large relaxation times, of the order of the eddy turnover time, the polymers remove more energy from the large scales than they can dissipate and transfer the excess energy back into the turbulent dissipative scales. This is effectively a polymer-induced kinetic energy cascade which competes with the nonlinear energy cascade of the turbulence leading to its depletion. It is also shown that the total energy flux to the small scales from both cascade mechanisms remains approximately the same fraction of the kinetic energy over the turnover time as the nonlinear energy cascade flux in Newtonian turbulence.
Identifying and Interpreting Regional Convergence Clusters Across Europe

In this paper we test for regional convergence clusters across the EU. We utilise a methodology that allows for the endogenous selection of regional clusters using a multivariate test for stationarity, where the number and composition of clusters are determined by the application of pairwise tests of regional differences in per capita output over time. To interpret the composition of the resulting convergence clusters, the latter are tested against a number of possible groupings suggested by recent theories and hypotheses of regional growth and convergence. Further, our method allows regional convergence clusters to vary over time.
An Analysis of the Korean Wave as Transnational Popular Culture: North American Youth Engage Through Social Media as TV Becomes Obsolete

This article explores the ways in which the new Korean Wave phenomenon is integrated into a social media–embedded cultural landscape in North America. By employing in-depth interviews with K-pop fans in Canada, it analyzes recent developments characterizing the Korean Wave in tandem with cultural industries in the age of social media. It discusses the increasing role of social media and changing media consumption habits among youth in Canada. It finally maps out why social media has contributed to the enhanced popularity of the transnational media culture produced in a non-Western region.
Evaluation of CryoSat-2 derived sea-ice freeboard over fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Using in situ data from 2011 and 2013, we evaluate the ability of CryoSat-2 (CS-2) to retrieve sea-ice freeboard over fast ice in McMurdo Sound. This provides the first systematic validation of CS-2 in the coastal Antarctic and offers insight into the assumptions currently used to process CS-2 data. European Space Agency Level 2 (ESAL2) data are compared with results of a Waveform Fitting (WfF) procedure and a Threshold-First-Maximum-Retracker-Algorithm employed at 40% (TFMRA40). A supervised freeboard retrieval procedure is used to reduce errors associated with sea surface height identification and radar velocity in snow. We find ESAL2 freeboards located between the ice and snow freeboard rather than the frequently assumed snow/ice interface. WfF is within 0.04m of the ice freeboard but is influenced by variable snow conditions causing increased radar backscatter from the air/snow interface. Given such snow conditions and additional uncertainties in sea surface height identification, a positive bias of 0.14m away from the ice freeboard is observed. TFMRA40 freeboards are within 0.03m of the snow freeboard. The separation of freeboard estimates is primarily driven by the different assumptions of each retracker, although waveform alteration by variations in snow properties and surface roughness is evident. Techniques are amended where necessary, and automatic freeboard retrieval procedures for ESAL2, WfF and TFMRA40 are presented. CS-2 detects annual fastice freeboard trends using all three automatic procedures that are in line with known sea-ice growth rates in the region.
Numerical calculation of supercritical Dirac resonance parameters by analytic continuation methods

170, since the lowest bound state becomes a resonance inthe negative energy continuum. We address the problem of computing the resonance parameters by extendingthe mapped Fourier grid method to incorporate either complex scaling of the radial coordinate, or alternativelya complex absorbing potential. The method is tested on the case of quasimolecular collisions in the monopoleapproximation.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.75. 022508 PACS number s : 31.30. Jv, 31.15. p, 14.60. Cd, 12.20. m
Vocal Expression In Schizophrenia: Examining The Role Of Vocal Accommodation In Clinical Ratings Of Speech

iv INTRODUCTION . 1 Brief Overview of Current Study . 1 Schizophrenia . 2 Obstacles in Schizophrenia Research . 4 Vocal Expression Deficits in Schizophrenia. 6 Measurement of Vocal Expression – Paradox . 8 Communication Accommodation . 10 Vocal Accommodation . 12 Vocal Accommodation in Schizophrenia . 13 The Present Study . 14 Aims/Hypotheses . 16 METHODS . 19 Participants . 19 Measures . 20 Procedure . 23 Statistical Analyses . 24 Power Analysis . 28 RESULTS . 29 Demographics and Other Potentially Confounding Variables . 29 Manipulation Check – Establishing Vocal Accommodation . 30 Vocal Expressivity Comparison via Acoustic Variables . 30 Vocal Accommodation in Schizophrenia and Non-Patient Controls . 31 Vocal Accommodation and Clinical Ratings of Vocal Deficits . 32 Exploratory Analyses . 34 DISCUSSION . 36 Link between Vocal Accommodation and Clinician Ratings . 37 Vocal Accommodation and Social Skills in Schizophrenia . 40 Limitations . 41 Future Directions . 42 REFERENCES . 45 APPENDIX A. SCALE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS – AFFECTIVE FLATTENING SUBSCALE . 54
Carbon and nitrogen in carbonaceous chondrites: Elemental abundances and stable isotopic compositions

Abstract— We have undertaken a comprehensive study of carbon and nitrogen elemental abundances and isotopic compositions of bulk carbonaceous chondrites. A strategy of multiple analyses has enabled the investigation of hitherto unconstrained small‐scale heterogeneities. No systematic differences are observed between meteorite falls and finds, suggesting that terrestrial processing has a minimal effect on bulk carbon and nitrogen chemistry. The changes in elemental abundance and isotopic composition over the petrologic range may reflect variations in primary accreted materials, but strong evidence exists of the alteration of components during secondary thermal and aqueous processing. These changes are reflected within the CM2 and CO3 groups and follow the published alteration scales for those groups. The nitrogen isotope system appears to be controlled by an organic host, which loses a 15N‐rich component with progressive alteration. This study recommends caution, however, over the use of bulk carbon and nitrogen information for classification purposes; variance in relative abundance of different components in carbonaceous chondrites is significant and reflects intrameteorite heterogeneities.
Asymptotic theory for range-based estimation of integrated variance of a continuous semi-martingale

We provide a set of probabilistic laws for range-based estimation of integrated variance of a continuous semi-martingale. To accomplish this, we exploit the properties of the price range as a volatility proxy and suggest a new method for non-parametric measurement of return variation. Assuming the entire sample path realization of the log-price process is available - and given weak technical conditions - we prove that the high-low statistic converges in probability to the integrated variance. Moreover, with slightly stronger conditions, in particular a zero drift-term, we find an asymptotic distribution theory. To relax the mean-zero constraint, we modify the estimator using an adjusted range. A weak law of large numbers and central limit theorem is then derived under more general assumptions about drift. In practice, inference about integrated variance is drawn from discretely sampled data. Here, we split the sampling period into sub-intervals containing the same number of price recordings and estimate the true range. In this setting, we also prove consistency and asymptotic normality. Finally, we analyze our framework in the presence of microstructure noise.
Distribution of glyphosate and cloransulam-methyl resistant giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) populations in southern Ontario

Giant ragweed is a very competitive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce soybean yield. In 2008, giant ragweed was the first weed species with confirmed resistance to glyphosate in Canada. As of 2010 there were 48 locations with confirmed glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in Essex, Kent and Lambton counties. In addition, there was suspected resistance to cloransulam-methyl. The objectives of this research were 1) to conduct an expanded field survey on the distribution of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in Ontario, 2) to determine the distribution of cloransulam-methyl resistant giant ragweed in Ontario, and 3) to determine the distribution of multiple resistant (glyphosate and cloransulam-methyl) giant ragweed in Ontario. In 2011 and 2012 giant ragweed seed was collected from 85 field sites in Essex (16), Kent (34), Lambton (23), Elgin (3), Middlesex (6), Lennox & Addington (1), Huron (1) and Brant (1) counties. In total there are 34 additional locations confirmed with glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in Ontario. There are 11 locations confirmed with cloransulam-methyl resistant giant ragweed and 5 locations with multiple resistance to both glyphosate and cloransulam-methyl. Glyphosate resistant giant ragweed has been found in 4 additional counties.
Accretion, radial flows and abundance gradients in spiral galaxies

The metal-poor gas continuously accreting on to the discs of spiral galaxies is unlikely to arrive from the intergalactic medium (IGM) with exactly the same rotation velocity as the galaxy itself and even a small angular momentum mismatch inevitably drives radial gas flows within the disc, with significant consequences to galaxy evolution. Here, we provide some general analytic tools to compute accretion profiles, radial gas flows and abundance gradients in spiral galaxies as a function of the angular momentum of the accreting material. We generalize existing solutions for the decomposition of the gas flows, required to reproduce the structural properties of galaxy discs, into direct accretion from the IGM and a radial mass flux within the disc. We then solve the equation of metallicity evolution in the presence of radial gas flows with a novel method, based on characteristic lines, which greatly reduces the numerical demand on the computation and sheds light on the crucial role of boundary conditions on the abundance profiles predicted by theoretical models. We also discuss how structural and chemical constraints can be combined to disentangle the contributions of inside-out growth and radial flows in the development of abundance gradients in spiral galaxies. Illustrative examples are provided throughout with parameters plausible for the Milky Way. We find that the material accreting on the Milky Way should rotate at 70-80 per cent of the rotational velocity of the disc, in agreement with previous estimates.
Comparing jumping to conclusion and personalization biases in schizophrenic patients with and without medication therapy

Introduction: Previous studies have reported contradicting results about the effect of medication therapy on attribution bias and jumping to conclusion (JTC) bias in schizophrenic patients. This study aims at analyzing the effect of medication on attribution bias and JTC bias in schizophrenic patients. Methods: This study is an ex post facto and casual-comparative research. 28 people including 14 schizophrenic patients, who have not used drugs already, and 14 schizophrenic patients, who have used drugs at least for past 4 weeks, were selected and they did not show any significant difference in terms of age, gender and education level. Computer-based similarities task and Internal-Personal-Situational Attributions questionnaire were used for analyzing jumping to conclusion bias and attribution bias, respectively. Results: The independent T-test was used to analyze data. The results showed that schizophrenic patients, who had used drug at least for 4 weeks, gained higher scores in similarities task in contrast to patients, who did not use drugs; however, they did not show any significant difference in score of personalization subscale in Internal-PersonalSituational Attributions Questionnaires. Conclusion: Jumping to conclusion bias was reduced after medication therapy, so it is a postural trait whereas personalization bias was not reduced by medication therapy, so it is a character-based trait.
Percepção de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre os riscos à saúde fonoaudiológica Perception of community health workers regarding risks for hearing and communication disorders

OBJETIVO: Investigar a percepcao dos agentes comunitarios sobre os aspectos relacionados a saude fonoaudiologica da populacao usuaria de um programa de saude da familia. METODOS: Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal com aplicacao de questionario a 85 agentes comunitarios. Foram investigadas 20 situacoes hipoteticas abordando os temas fonoaudiologicos na rotina de trabalho dos agentes. As variaveis analisadas foram: idade, tempo de atuacao, escolaridade, percepcao dos riscos a saude da populacao nas areas de voz, motricidade orofacial, linguagem e audiologia. RESULTADOS: A media de idade dos agentes foi de 38 anos (±9,1), e o tempo de medio de atuacao no programa 5,0 anos (±2,9). Observou-se que 80 profissionais (94%) possuiam pelo menos o Ensino Medio completo, e todos eram do genero feminino. Entre as situacoes hipoteticas investigadas, os agentes demonstraram ter a percepcao do risco e atitude de leva-lo para discussao da equipe em 49% das situacoes envolvendo o risco a saude auditiva, 53% saude vocal, 60% e 62% os riscos relacionados a motricidade orofacial e linguagem, respectivamente. Nao foi encontrada relacao entre o tempo de atuacao e a percepcao do risco a saude fonoaudiologica. CONCLUSAO: Os agentes comunitarios mostraram ter percepcao de muitas situacoes de risco a saude fonoaudiologica dos usuarios, especialmente no que se refere a saude vocal e das estruturas e funcoes orofaciais. E necessario ao agente comunitario ir alem das habilidades e competencias conceituais e procedimentais no que se refere a saude da comunicacao humana, pois se almeja um profissional com habilidades atitudinais.
FACTORS AFFECTING RETURN ON DEPOSIT (ROD) OF SHARIA BANKS IN INDONESIA

This study examines the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), board of directors’ size (BOARD), sharia supervisory board (DPS), bank size (SIZE), and interest rate (INT) and sharia bank ownership status (DFOR) to Return on Deposit (ROD). The sample used in this research is 11 sharia banks operating in Indonesia. By using multiple regression analysis technique, it was found that CAR and SIZE have a significant negative effect on ROD) of sharia banks in Indonesia. While the FDR, BOARD and INT have a significant positive effect on ROD of sharia banks in Indonesia. Meanwhile, DPS and DFOR have no significant effect on ROD of sharia bank in Indonesia.
Numerical Investigation of Stress Distributions in Stope Backfills

Stope backfill is important in avoiding mine collapse during and after extraction phases, ground subsidence in abandoned mines, and environmental damages. The stress distribution is one of the key factors in designing stope backfills. In this paper, we perform a numerical modeling study to investigate the stress distribution within and around the stope backfill. Importantly, our simulation results are in agreement with Marston’s (1930) plain-strain arching theory. The results show that the stress arch is critical in stope backfills. The potential effects of internal friction angle, aspect ratio, and Poisson’s ratio on stress distributions are also analyzed. The stress decreases when the aspect ratio, internal friction angle, and Poisson’s ratio increase. Our results suggest that decreasing the aspect ratio and choosing materials with a high internal friction angle and Poisson’s ratio are important for designing the stope backfill. The cohesive force index and elastic modulus also have significant effects on the stress distribution. Our findings have practical implications in designing stope backfills.
Evoluzione della struttura proprietaria delle nuove quotazioni alla Borsa Italiana

L’articolo indaga l’evoluzione della struttura proprietaria delle societa italiane che si sono quotate in Borsa a partire dal 1985 sino al 2005. Al momento dell’IPO, le societa presentano strutture proprietarie altamente concentrate. Subito dopo la quotazione, l’azionista di maggioranza accetta una diluizione della propria partecipazione, tale comunque da non indebolire il controllo. Anche a distanza di anni dall’IPO, la maggioranza delle societa continua ad essere saldamente controllata dall’azionista al vertice. L’azionariato delle nuove quotazioni raramente evolve verso assetti azionari poco concentrati; a cio si associa una dinamica dei cambiamenti del controllo modesta, specie nelle societa familiari, con trasferimenti del controllo prevalentemente di carattere amichevole. Inoltre le societa in cui la famiglia tende a preservare nel tempo la maggioranza dei diritti di voto registrano una minor frequenza nel ricorso al mercato azionario attraverso successivi aumenti di capitale. In questo contesto, l’azionista di maggioranza potrebbe avere interesse ad attuare strategie tese a garantire il controllo dell’impresa evitando di detenerne quote troppo rilevanti, attraverso la creazione di strutture piramidali o l’emissione di azioni prive del diritto di voto. Il lavoro analizza quindi la dinamica della separazione tra proprieta e controllo. L’evidenza segnala un’evoluzione nelle nuove quotazioni. Negli anni Ottanta una IPO su due e costituita da un carve-out, inoltre un certo numero di societa ricorre all’emissione di azioni prive del diritto di voto. A partire dagli anni Novanta, cessa la creazione di strutture piramidali utilizzate al fine di dissociare cash flow e voting rights; ha termine altresi l’emissione di azioni prive del diritto di voto utilizzate per gli stessi fini. L’azionista al vertice, pur conservando la maggioranza dei diritti di voto non mira, ne al momento dell’IPO ne successivamente, a diluire l’investimento necessario a preservare il controllo.
Effects of 10 years of conservation tillage on soil properties and productivity in the farming–pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China

Soil degradation and subsequent yield decline are the main factors limiting further development of agriculture on the farming–pastoral transition zone of China. A 10‐year field experiment was conducted in Inner Mongolia to compare the long‐term effects of no‐tillage with straw cover (NT), subsoiling with straw cover (ST), rototilling with straw cover (RT) and traditional tillage (TT) using ploughs on soil properties and productivity in a spring wheat–oat cropping system. Long‐term conservation tillage increased soil organic matter in the top 20 cm by 21.4%, total N by 31.8% and Olsen’s P by 34.5% in the 0–5 cm layer compared to traditional tillage. Mean percentage of macro‐aggregates (>0.25 mm, +20%) and macroporosity (>60 μm, +52.1%) also improved significantly in the 0–30 cm soil layer (P < 0.05). The largest yield improvements coupled with greatest water use efficiency (WUE) were achieved by no‐tillage with straw cover. Ten‐year mean crop yields increased by 14.0% and WUE improved by 13.5% compared to traditional tillage due to greater soil moisture and improved soil physical and chemical status. These improvements in soil properties and productivity are of considerable importance for the seriously degraded soils in semiarid Inner Mongolia, as well as for food security, sustainable agriculture and carbon storage in the farming–pasture transition regions of China.
Choice of Collateral Currency

Collateral has been used for a long time in the cash market and we have also experienced significant increase of its use as an important credit risk mitigation tool in the derivatives market for this decade. Despite its long history in the financial market, its importance for funding has been recognized relatively recently following the explosion of basis spreads in the crisis. This paper has demonstrated the impact of collateralization on derivatives pricing through its funding effects based on the actual data of swap markets. It has also shown the importance of the "choice" of collateral currency. In particular, when a contract allows multiple currencies as eligible collateral as well as its free replacement, the paper has found that the embedded "cheapest-todeliver" option can be quite valuable and significantly change the fair value of a trade. The implications of these findings for risk management have been also discussed.
Rethinking the Basis of Diversification in the Digital Economy

A diversified firm needs to decide which businesses to include in its business portfolio and how to achieve synergies across those businesses so that its corporate performance is greater than the sum of individual performances of its businesses. We argue that traditional conceptualizations and underlying constructs of diversification—which have been developed and refined at the heights of the industrial economy—may be inadequate and inappropriate for understanding diversification, and diversification-performance relationship in the digital economy. We propose a knowledge-based conceptualization of diversification, and develop a research framework for understanding diversification-performance relationship in the digital economy. We argue that knowledge-based diversification strategies, which build and leverage related product, customer, managerial, and IT knowledge across business units, can lead to superior performance.