Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of the Unsteady Subsonic Flow around a Plunging Airfoil

Much numerical and experimental research has been done for the flow around an oscillating airfoil. The main research topics are vortex shedding, dynamic stall phenomenon, MAV"s lift and thrust generation. Until now, researches mainly have been concentrated on analyzing the wake flow for the variation of frequency and amplitude at a low angle of attack. In this study, wake structures and acoustic wave propagation characteristics were studied for a plunging airfoil at high angle of attack. The governing equations are the Navier-Stokes equation with LES turbulence model. OHOC (Optimized High-Order Compact) scheme and 4th order Runge-Kutta method were used. The Mach number is 0.3, the Reynolds number is , and the angle of attack is from 20° to 50°. The plunging frequency and the amplitude are from 0.05 to 0.15, and from 0.1 to 0.2, respectively. Due to the high resolution numerical method, wake vortex shedding and pressure wave propagation process, as well as the propagation characteristics of acoustic waves can be simulated. The results of frequency analysis show that the flow has the mixed characteristics of the forced plunging frequency and the vortex shedding frequency at high angle of attack.
Heliospheric Magnetic Fields and Termination Shock Crossing: Voyager 1

After launch in 1977 and 27 years of continuously studying the He- liospheric Magnetic Field(HMF) from 1 to > 98 AU, the dual magnetometers on the Voyager 1 spacecraft detected a single crossing of the Termination Shock (TS) when at 35 degrees north heliographic latitude and 94.0 AU from the Sun. As the innermost boundary of the heliosphere's interaction with the local interstellar medium, the TS was found to be a quasi-perpendicular MHD shock with a sudden jump in average field magnitude by a factor of � 3, from 0.04 nano-Tesla (nT) to 0.13 nT. This chapter discusses the observed characteristics of the HMF, both pre- and post-TS crossing. The latter data demonstrate the discovery of a new astrophysical plasma regime in the he- liosheath, wherein fluctuations, some might consider turbulence, are primarily compressive, isotropic and have a Gaussian distribution of components and magnitude.
Determining the Frequency of Antibiotic Sensitivity in Blood Infections inn Ardabil province in 2010-2011

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received 17 February 2012 Accepted 8 June 2012 Available online 18 July 2012 Determination of the frequency of bacteria isolated from blood culture and the pattern of their antibiotic sensitivity is epidemiologically of great importance and can help choosing primary antimicrobial treatment. The aim of the current study was to determine the most common bacterial factors of blood infection and their antibiotic sensitivity in a one year period from October 2010 till the end of September 2011 in Imam Khumeini hospital of Ardebil. Data collected from total of 1469 patients susceptible to blood infection hospitalized in Imam Khumeini hospital and analyzed using SPSS (version 18) statistical software and investigated with descriptive statistics and frequency diagrams. Only values with P 0.05 were considered as significant. The highest rate of bacteremia prevalence observed in emergency unit. Of 1469 blood sample, 91 (6.19%) were infected with bacteria. Infection prevalence reported higher in male (55.4%) than to female (44.6%). The most common bacteria isolated were, Negative-coagulase Staphylococcus (37.3%), Escherichia coli (22%), Staphylococcus aureus (11%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11%), respectively. The highest antibiotic sensitivity was associated with Gentamicin with the frequency rate of 42 (51.3%) and Ciprofloxacin with the frequency rate of 35 (42.7%). Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin determined as two completely effective antibiotics on isolated strains. Regarding the increased prevalence of infection with Negative-coagulase Staphylococcus in the current study and other similar studies, the morbidity and mortality rate of the disease can be decreased using proper antibiotic treatments complying with the exact results of the disc diffusion test method.
Evaluation of Prosopis juliflora properties as an alternative to wood shortage in Kenya

L'etude a pour objectif d'evaluer la durabilite et les proprietes technologiques d'une espece exogene du Kenya, Prosopis juliflora, introduite au debut des annees 1970 pour augmenter le couvert forestier et lutter contre la desertification. La durabilite du duramen vis-a-vis des champignons, testee dans des conditions de laboratoire, indique que le bois presente une bonne resistance aux agents de pourriture blanche et de pourriture brune. Le bois contient une teneur importante d'extractibles, qui semble presenter un effet limite sur l'inhibition de la croissance des champignons. De plus, le bois est facilement impregnable, permettant d'envisager son utilisation dans des classes d'emploi elevees apres traitement adequat. La resistance aux termites evaluee dans des conditions de laboratoire et de champ indique une faible susceptibilite du bois de P. juliflora, qui semble fortement liee a la presence des substances extractibles. Le bois presente une bonne stabilite dimensionnelle et les proprietes mecaniques supportent la comparaison avec celles d'essences comme Pinus patula abondamment utilisee au Kenya pour la construction. Le pouvoir calorifique est similaire a celui d'autres essences du genre Prosopis utilisees actuellement comme bois de chauffage. L'ensemble de ces resultats montre que l'utilisation de P. juliflora comme source de bois d'energie ou de bois de construction peut etre une bonne alternative a la penurie de bois existant au Kenya, permettant de reduire les pressions environnementales sur les forets naturelles ou cultivees traditionnelles.
Energetic limitation of avian parental effort: Field experiments in the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)

We studied the limiting factors for brood size in the kestrel, Falco tinnunculus, by measuring parental effort in natural broods of different size and parental response to manipulation of food satiation of the brood. Parental effort was quantified as total daily time spent in flight, and total daily energy expenditure, from all‐day observations.
Local tower-based merging of two land evaporation products

Abstract. An inverse-variance weighting of two terrestrial evaporation (ET) products from the WACMOS-ET project based on FLUXNET sites is presented. The two ET models, PT-JPL and GLEAM, share a common modeling framework based on the Priestley–Taylor evaporation formulation, although the stress factors to convert from potential to actual evaporation are calculated differently. Both data sets are daily at 25 km resolution and use common input data when possible. The weights are based on the variance of the difference between the tower ET and the modeled ET, and are made dynamic by estimating them using a 61-day running window centered on each day. Seasonal variability in these weights is observed over some stations, but the deviations from the 0.5 value assumed by the arithmetic mean of both products is typically small. Seasonal averaged statistics for three land cover groups confirm that the performance of the weighted product is very close to the arithmetic mean product. This implies that at a large number of stations the tower data was not informative enough to identify distinct error patterns between GLEAM and PT-JPL likely to result in more varying weights. Different factors can be responsible for this behavior. Concerning the model estimates, some of the shared modeling assumptions and the common inputs make the ET estimates from both models rather dependent, thus their errors are expected to be correlated. Regarding the tower data, the 84 selected tower sites are mostly at temperate regions. In these regions the models ET differences are mainly reflecting the variability in Priestley and Taylor estimates of potential ET, which translates in model ET differences smaller than in other places. The large mismatch between the model spatial resolution and the tower footprint is also likely to result again in common error patterns for the model estimates. Overall, this study suggests that merging tower observations and ET products at the time and spatial scales of this study is not straightforward, and that care should be taken regarding the dependence of the products to be merged, the tower spatial representativeness of their measurements at the products resolution, and the nature of the error in both towers and gridded data sets.
Ecosystem Modeling and Data Assimilation of Physical- Biogeochemical processes in Shelf and Regional Areas of the Mediterranean Sea

In this work, a general overview of the recent progress and the existing difficulties in the implementation of physical and biogeochemical models accompanied with advanced Kalman filtering techniques in regional and shelf areas of the Mediterranean Sea is presented. The hydrodynamics of these areas were simulated with realistic implementations of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) while the biogeochemistry of the ecosystems was tackled with the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM). On the other hand, the Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman (SEEK) filter and its ensemble-based variant called the SEIK filter was used to assimilate all physical and biogeochemical data into the models. In these filters the error statistics were parameterized by means of a suitable basis of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). This contribution falls into the framework of the ’Mediterranean ocean Forecasting System: Toward Environmental Predictions (MFSTEP)’ project and synthetically presents the modeling efforts in conjunction with data assimilation techniques for the development of operational systems in regional and shelf areas of the Mediterranean Sea. c
Determinants of youth unemployment in South Africa: evidence from the Vhembe district of Limpopo province

The persistent high unemployment rate confronting South Africa, in particular among the youth, continues to be a cause of concern for all stakeholders including academic researchers dealing with labor market issues. As a contribution to efforts at finding solution to the unemployment challenge, the study sought to investigate the nature and causes of rural unemployment amongst the youth using data on a sample of 580 randomly and systematically selected youth from the four local municipalities in the Vhembe district of Limpopo province, South Africa. Binary logistic regression model was estimated to determine the socio-demographic, as well as economic factors that influence youth unemployment. Results of the binary logistic regression model showed that having received (skills) training and work experience were associated with reduced odds of being unemployed. This study highlights the importance of skills training opportunities, as well as apprenticeship in mitigating the unemployment challenge among the youth. The provision of necessary training infrastructure and funding for skills training, as well as work integrated learning and extended career specific internship programs to help to equip South African youth with work experience are major recommendations from this study.
Evaluation of a waistband for attaching external radiotransmitters to anurans

Radiotelemetry provides fine-scale temporal and spatial information about an individual's movements and habitat use; however, its use for monitoring amphibians has been restricted by transmitter mass and lack of suitable attachment techniques. We describe a novel waistband for attaching external radiotransmitters to anurans and evaluate the percentages of resulting abrasions, lacerations, and shed transmitters. We used radiotelemetry to monitor movements and habitat use of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in 2006 and 2011–2013 in Maine, USA; American toads (Anaxyrus americanus) in 2012 in North Carolina, USA; and, wood frogs, southern leopard frogs (L. sphenocephalus), and green frogs (L. clamitans) in 2012 in South Carolina, USA. We monitored 172 anurans for 1–365 days (56.4 ± 59.4) in a single year and 1–691 days (60.5 ± 94.1) across years. Our waistband resulted in an injury percentage comparable to 7 alternative anuran waistband attachment techniques; however, 12.5% fewer anurans shed their waistband when attached with our technique. Waistband retention facilitates longer monitoring periods and, thus, provides a greater quantity of data per radiotagged individual. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Amphetamine users in Amsterdam: Patterns of use and modes of self-regulation

After identifying some omissions in existing literature on research on amphetamine use, this article sets forth to answer some questions with respect to (1) use patterns, (2) advantages and disadvantages of amphetamine use as experienced by users, (3) the formal and informal modes of control that users employ to reduce or negate negative side effects of amphetamine use, and (4) the role of context variables in fostering in facilitating these modes of control. The article draws on a sample of 109 experienced and recent amphetamine users in Amsterdam and a follow-up sample of 67 respondents of the original 109. Through a discussion of use patterns over long periods of time, a longitudinal perspective is provided. In a large majority of cases, respondents reduced their levels of use or stopped using amphetamine altogether after a relatively brief period of time. Data from our follow-up survey suggest that users tend to develop mechanisms of self-regulation, even those who at some point showed signs of ‘losing control’; respondents either quit or diminish their use or, in rare cases, accommodate high-level amphetamine use within their daily lives. We discuss the numerous explicit and implicit rules that regulate drug consumption and prevent escalation of problems related to amphetamine consumption. These results inform a discussion about policies toward the consumption of amphetamine.
Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Selected Universities in Southern Punjab-Pakistan

Knowledge management is an important issue in the business organization. The business firms which is able to manage knowledge will secure competitive advantage and sustainable growth. The objective of this research paper is analyze the impact of knowledge management on organizational performance with respect to selected Universities in Southern Punjab. For this purpose, two Public Universities: Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Islamia University of Bahawalpur were selected as a sample of the study. Four variables such as knowledge acquisition, knowledge conversion, knowledge application, and knowledge protection were taken as independent variables while firm performance was taken as dependent variable. Primary data was collected from 200 respondents that include selected Universities’ academic and non-academic staff. The response rate was about 90 and 71 percent among academic and non-academic staff respectively. Five estimation techniques such as Likert scale, Correlation technique, Score Card, Ration and Regression Analysis were used to draw the results. A comparison was also carried out to measure the performance of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Islamia University of Bahawalpur. The results were robust and signification, showing close relationship between knowledge management and organizational performance. The comparative analysis shows that Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan has performed well in managing knowledge vis-a-vis Islamia University of Bahawalpur. The Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan is ahead of Islamia University Multan in terms of faculty, class performance, and research work and admission criteria. Though this study is specific to two big public Universities of Southern Punjab, yet its results can be generalized to other Universities of Pakistan as well as of the Universities in other countries. Key w ords : Knowledge creation, knowledge management, knowledge protection, intellectual capital.
Finite-Weber-number motion of bubbles through a nearly inviscid liquid

A method is described for computing the motion of bubbles through a liquid under conditions of large Reynolds and finite Weber numbers. Ellipsoidal harmonics are used to approximate the shapes of the bubbles and the flow induced by the bubbles, and a method of summing flows induced by groups of bubbles, using a fast multipole expansion technique is employed so that the computational cost increases only linearly with the number of bubbles. Several problems involving one, two and many bubbles are examined using the method. In particular, it is shown that two bubbles moving towards each other in an impurity-free, inviscid liquid touch each other in a finite time. Conditions for the bubbles to bounce in the presence of non-hydrodynamic forces and the time for bounce when these conditions are satisfied are determined. The added mass and viscous drag coefficients and aspect ratio of bubbles are determined as a function of bubble volume fraction and Weber number.
Natural selection on body size traits in a long‐lived bird, the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea

I consider the possibility of selection favouring large body size in a population of snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea), a long‐lived seabird species. I measured natural selection on body size traits in a population from 1987 to 1998. There was evidence of selection on body size associated with fecundity and survival. Directional selection on bill length and stabilizing selection on tarsus length associated with reproductive success were detected among males. Selection associated with survival favoured males with longer bills. However, selection was weak in all cases. No evidence of selection acting on female body size traits was detected. Offspring–parents regression suggested that bill length and tarsus length were heritable. Although I was able to identify the targets of selection in this population, I could not demonstrate the ecological implications of both tarsus length and bill length variation. The selection on male, but not on female, body size traits suggests factors such as intrasexual competition for nests and/or mates rather than factors such as feeding efficiency as mechanisms of selection on bill size.
PERCEPTION DE LA RETRAITE ET REPRESENTATION SOCIALE DU TRAVAIL CHEZ LES EMPLOYES PROCHES DE LA RETRAITE : CAS DES EMPLOYES D’UNE ENTREPRISE AGRO-INDUSTRIELLE DU SUD-OUEST DE LA COTE D’IVOIRE, LA SOGB (SOCIETE DE CAOUTCHOUC DE GRAND-BEREBY)

This study deals with the problem of retire perception and workers’ social representation of work at the approach of the phenomenon of retire. We have notice in the first way that employers who have made socio-economical realization during their professional curriculum have positive social representation of work than the others who have made no socio-economical realization. Secondly, we notice that, more the employers have positive perception of retire more they have negative social representation of work. Socio-professional category can also be observed as a parameter of retire perception; in fact we notice that executives and supervisors have a more positive perception of retire than sample employers. We can also notice that the employers who have post-professional projects have more positive perception of retire than them who have no post-professional projects. At least, stress at the evocation of retire could be justified by economical and social psychological reasons in all socio-professional categories.
Global Equity Fund Performance Evaluation with Equity and Currency Style Factors

We propose a method for global equity fund performance evaluation that extends existing research by addressing both equity and currency factor exposures. Returns in excess of the risk-free rate are decomposed into contributions arising from the market, exposure to six equity and three currency ‘style factors’, and alpha. The method supports an understanding of how exposures to both equity and currency factors contribute to the performance of funds investing across markets. We apply the method using a database that includes holdings for USD-based institutional global equity funds from 2002 to 2012. We find that USD-based global equity managers generate negative but insignificant alpha after accounting for equity and currency style factors. We also find that performance varies with style: significant negative alpha is generated over the period by funds exposed to value, low momentum and low return on equity. Our results are relevant to institutional investors and investment consultants who wish to better understand the sources of performance for global equity funds.
Proton Distribution in Ice and the Kirkwood Correlation Factor

4096 molecules of water forming an ice Ic structure and 2048 molecules forming an ice Ih structure, with standard periodic boundary conditions in each case, have been used to calculate the dipole correlations which arise from proton allocation to the oxygen nuclei according to the Bernal‐Fowler ice rules. The calculations reveal a substantial antiparallel correlation in the coordination shells at about twice the distance of the nearest neighbors in the lattice. The value of gK, the Kirkwood correlation factor, is found to be 2.07±0.02 for ice Ih. For ice Ic the value, determined with less precision, is 2.11±0.10. In connection with Kirkwood's dielectric formula the value of gK implies an effective dipole moment, μs, of the molecule in the solid ice Ih phase equal to 2.92 D.
Listening for a needle in a haystack: passive acoustic detection of dolphins at very low densities

Passive acoustic surveys have potential for detecting trends in abundance and habitat use by rare cetaceans. We deployed commercially available acoustic data loggers (T-PODs) in 4 har- bours on the west coast of New Zealand's North Island between 2005 and 2008 to investigate the dis- tribution of Maui's dolphin Cephalorhynchus hectori maui and assess whether current protection measures are sufficient. A set of decision rules was developed to minimise the potential for false pos- itive detections. Over 3211 'T-POD days' of acoustic monitoring, 39 click trains which satisfied all of our decision rules were detected, indicating the presence of Maui's dolphins in Manukau and Kaipara Harbours. Data from the site with the most detections were fitted to 3 models, showing that the number of detections varied temporally (p < 0.001). The models were also used to show to what degree dolphins could have been present at monitored locations yet remain undetected. The study highlighted the challenges of passive acoustic monitoring of rare species, particularly of small del- phinids in an environment which is both physically and acoustically challenging. Nonetheless, we demonstrated that T-PODs are effective in studies of Maui's dolphin distribution, that Maui's dolphins are found in North Island harbours and remain at risk from gillnet bycatch. We make a number of rec- ommendations concerning acoustic monitoring studies of rare cetaceans, principally that a thorough understanding of the target signals and the acoustic environment being monitored is essential for maximising acoustic detection rates.