Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viruses of guinea pigs: considerations for biomedical research.

INTRODUCTION . 469 VIRUS ISOLATIONS FROM GUINEA PIGS: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND . 469 GUINEA PIG HERPESVIRUSES: INFECIION IN VTRO 470 Cytopathology and Growth Rate in Cell Culture 470 Ultrastructural Development in Infected Cells . 471 Molecular and Biochemical Analysis . 471 Properties of guinea pig herpes-like virus deoxyribonucleic acid . 471 Lack ofgenetic relatedness between guinea pig cytomegalovirus and guinea pig herpes-like virus. 471 Effect of Heparin on Guinea Pig Herpesvirus Replication . 474 Antigenic Distinctiveness . 474 GUINEA PIG CYTOMEGALOVIRUS: INFECTION IN VIVO . 474 Natural Infection 474 Experimental Infection 475 Viremia during acute primary infection . 475 Viruria during chronic persistent infection 475 Mode of transmission 475 (i) Transplacental transmission . 475 (ii) Contact infection 475 GUINEA PIG HERPES-LIKE VIRUS: INFECTION IN VIVO . 477 Natural Occurrence 477 Inbred versus random-bred strains and age variations . 477 Experimental Infection. 478 Pathogenicity and latency 478 Transplacental transmission 478 Oncogenicity: cell transformation and induction of tumors. 479 GUINEA PIG HERPESVIRUSES: ANIMAL MODELS FOR HUMAN HERPESVIRUS INFECTION 479 Comparison of Guinea Pig Herpes-Like Virus and Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus In Vivo Pathogenicity. 479 Similarities Between Guinea Pig Herpes-Like Virus and Human Epstein-Barr Virus . 480 Comparison of Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus and Human Cytomegalovirus . 480 PARAMYXOVIRUSES . 480 Naturally Occurring Infection 480 Antibody Response After Experimental Infection . 481 RETROVIRUSES OF GUINEA PIGS 482 Nomenclature for the Guinea Pig Retroviruses 482 Observation of Virus Particles in Cells of L2C Leukemic Guinea Pigs and in* Placental, Fetal, and Nerve Tissues of Normal Guinea Pigs . 483 Induction of Guinea Pig Retrovirus in Cultured Cells . 483 Biochemical Studies of Guinea Pig Retrovirus. 484 MIXED INFECTIONS. 484 Mixed Infections In Vitro 484 Guinea pig herpes-like virus and guinea pig retrovirus . 484 Guinea pig cytomegalovirus and guinea pig paramyxovirus . 486 Mixed Infection In Vivo 486 Synergistic reaction with guinea pig herpes-like virus and guinea pig retrovirus. 486 Interference between guinea pig cytomegalovirus and guinea pig herpeslike virus 486 CONCLUDING REMARKS . 486 LITERATURE CITED 488
Management accounting adaptability in an integrated information system environment

In this study, we explore the relationship between the qualities of the information system environment and management accounting adaptability. The information system environment refers to three distinct elements: the degree of information system integration, system flexibility, and shared knowledge between business unit managers and the IT function. We draw on the literature on integrated information systems (IIS) and management accounting change and propose a model to test the hypothesized relationships. The sample for this study consists of Australian companies from all industries.
Left ventricular wall segment motion after ultra-endurance exercise in humans assessed by myocardial speckle tracking.

AIMS Assessment of the left ventricular responses to prolonged exercise has been limited by technology available to assess cardiac tissue movement. Recently developed strain and strain rate imaging provide the unique opportunity to assess tissue deformation in all planes of motion. METHODS AND RESULTS Nineteen runners (mean+/-SD age; 41+/-9 years) were assessed prior to and within 60 min (34+/-10 min) of race finish (Comrades Marathon, 89 km). Standard echocardiography assessed ejection fraction and the ratio of early to atrial (E/A) peak transmitral blood flow velocities. Myocardial speckle tracking determined segmental strain as well as systolic and diastolic strain rates in radial, circumferential, and longitudinal planes. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) assessed cardiomyocyte insult. Ejection fraction (71+/-5 to 64+/-6%) and E/A (1.47+/-0.35 to 1.25+/-0.30) were reduced (P<0.05). Peak strain and peak systolic and diastolic strain rates were altered post-race in circumferential (e.g. peak strain reduced from 21.3+/-2.4 to 17.3+/-3.2%, P<0.05) and radial planes. Some individual heterogeneity was observed between segments and planes of motion. A post-race elevation in cTnT (range 0.013-0.272 microg/L) in 5/12 runners did not differentiate changes in LV function. CONCLUSION Completion of the Comrades Marathon resulted in a depression in ejection fraction, E/A, as well as radial and circumferential strain and strain rates. Group data, however, masked some heterogeneity in cardiac function.
An Extremely Rare Case of Back and Hip Pain due to the Metastasis of Late Recurrent Myxopapillary Ependymoma to the Inguinal Lymph Node

© 2018 The Korean Society of Pathologists/The Korean Society for Cytopathology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. pISSN 2383-7837 eISSN 2383-7845 An Extremely Rare Case of Back and Hip Pain due to the Metastasis of Late Recurrent Myxopapillary Ependymoma to the Inguinal Lymph Node
Human metapneumovirus: a newly emerging respiratory pathogen

Purpose of review The present review focuses on the recent discovery, and clinical and epidemiological features of a virus associated with respiratory tract infections. Recent findings In June 2001, researchers in The Netherlands reported the discovery of a virus associated with respiratory tract disease in infants and children. Genetic studies of this newly discovered viral pathogen revealed that it was a paramyxovirus. This virus is the first human pathogen in the Genus Metapneumovirus and was called human metapneumovirus (hMPV). hMPV may be a common respiratory virus. Seroepidemiologic studies in The Netherlands suggested that, by age 5 years, nearly all individuals have been exposed to hMPV. The results of several studies suggest that hMPV may account for about 10% of respiratory tract infections in which a common respiratory virus, such as respiratory syncytial virus, or influenza or parainfluenza viruses, could not be detected. hMPV has been detected in patients with either upper or lower respiratory tract disease, or both. Symptoms associated with hMPV include cough, dyspnea, wheeze, and hypoxia. This newly recognized pathogen has been detected in children and adults. Epidemiological findings suggest that it may circulate worldwide and may have a seasonal distribution. Summary hMPV is a newly emerging respiratory pathogen and may be the cause of a significant proportion of both upper and lower respiratory tract infection in infants, children, and adults.
Optimal Carry and Momentum Returns in Futures Markets: A Compensation for Capital Constrained Hedge Funds?

We provide evidence that speculative capital of hedge funds is a key determinant for the profitability of optimal carry and momentum strategies in futures markets across asset classes. We construct optimal carry and momentum portfolios from the perspective of a utility maximizing risk averse investor. The investor trades off the risk presented in the moments of his expected utility against the predictive strength of the carry and momentum signal. We parameterize the portfolio choice problem and adapt it to accommodate asset classes with varying volatility levels. We find that the returns to optimal carry and momentum strategies yield high Sharpe ratios (above 1.2) which are not a compensation for traditional risk exposure or time varying risk due to macroeconomic cycles or funding liquidity. Including optimal carry and momentum portfolios in a diversified portfolio of traditional asset factors increases the Sharpe ratios of the portfolios by on average 0.6 and reduces skewness and kurtosis. However, the returns to optimal carry and momentum portfolios are significantly related to pro cyclical hedge fund capital flows. Contemporaneously larger capital flow lead to higher optimal carry and momentum returns, implying that expected returns decrease with the total amount of assets under management by hedge funds. We argue that the predictability of expected returns in futures markets reflects the scarcity of speculative capital and is consistent with the notion of limits to arbitrage. This finding has important policy and investment implications.
Environmental Performance: A Global Perspective on Commercial Real Estate

In this report, we summarize the results of the first global survey on environmental practices in listed property companies and private property funds. The survey is intended to increase industry awareness and provide information on current environmental management practices. Without detailed information on the behavior and environmental performance of the global property sector, investments in property funds and companies cannot be assessed on environmental performance, so a responsible investment strategy cannot be implemented. This report provides the institutional property investment market with a unique dynamic environmental benchmark: based on the survey results, we have developed an “Environmental Real Estate Index”, which includes sub-scores on environmental management practices and on the actual implementation of these practices. By using information contained in the index, institutional investors can compare the environmental score of individual property investments with their environmental real estate targets. This benchmarking can serve as a catalyst for environmental engagement in real estate investments.
Financial Market Responses to a Natural Disaster: Evidence from Local Credit Networks and the Indian Ocean Tsunami

This paper uses an original database of 469 politically connected firms under the Mubarak regime in Egypt to explore the economic effects of close state-business relations. Previous research has shown that political connections are lucrative. The paper addresses several questions raised by this research. Do connected firms receive favorable regulatory treatment? They do: connected firms are more likely to benefit from trade protection, energy subsidies, access to land, and regulatory enforcement. Does regulatory capture account for the high value of connected firms? In the sample, regulatory capture as revealed by energy subsidies and trade protection account for the higher profits of politically connected firms. Do politically connected firms hurt aggregate growth? The paper identifies the growth effects of the entry of politically connected firms by comparing detailed 4-digit sectors where they entered, between 1996 and 2006, and sectors that remained unconnected. The entry of connected firms into new, modern, and previously unconnected sectors slows aggregate employment growth and skews the distribution of employment toward less productive, smaller firms.
Competing Risks Models of Farm Service Agency Guaranteed Operating and Farm Ownership Loans

This thesis examines the possible outcomes (expired with no loss, settled for loss, still performing) of loans and the time to hazard events of over 19,000 guaranteed operating and farm ownership loans which were provided by the Farm Service Agency (FSA). Loans guaranteed by FSA are made by commercial banks, Farm Credit System (FCS), or other lenders to farmers who have limited ability to obtain loans from normal sources without the Federal guarantee. The guarantee allows for payment up to 95 percent when borrowers default. Cox proportional hazards models for operating loans and farm ownership loans are estimated to identify borrower characteristics, loan characteristics, lender types, and farm and macro-economic environment factors that influence loan outcomes. The estimation results indicate that beginning farmer loans are more likely to expire and more likely to have loss claims and loans with interest assistance are less likely to expire and less likely to have loss claims than are regular loans. Loan outcomes also differ by loan amount, loan term, lender type, and region. In addition, preferred or certified lenders are less likely to have operating loan loss claims. Finally, contemporaneous variables, in particular delinquency status, have a significant impact on loan outcomes.
Recombinant Erythropoietin in the Prevention of Late Anaemia in Intrauterine Transfused Neonates with Rh-Haemolytic Disease

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in prevention of late anaemia due to Rh-haemolytic disease in neonates subjected to one or more intrauterine transfusions (IUTs). Study Design: Six neonates (GA 28–38 weeks, BW 980–3,360 g), subjected to one or more IUTs for Rh-haemolytic disease, were treated for 3 weeks with rHuEPO (200 U/kg/day, s.c.) after the second week of life to prevent late anaemia and consequently reduce the need for blood transfusions. All treated neonates were supplemented weekly with iron, vitamin E and folinic acid, intramuscularly. Results: Of the 6 patients studied, 4 preterm neonates, after commencement of rHuEPO treatment, showed a decrease in Hct values with persistent reticulocytopenia, and consequent need for one or more transfusions with packed and filtered red cells (PFRC). These 4 neonates had received a greater blood volume with IUTs than the 2 other term neonates, who, after starting rHuEPO treatment, showed an increase in Hct values and in reticulocyte count, with no transfusion requirements after birth (247 ± 47 vs. 84 ± 76 ml). Conclusions: Our results seem to correlate the efficacy of erythropoietin treatment in prevention of late anaemia resulting from Rh-haemolytic disease to the severity of intrauterine anaemia and to gestational age. Erythropoietin, in fact, was less effective in cases of severe intrauterine anaemia requiring a high volume of PFRC; it was also less effective in the preterm babies, because of the simultaneous presence of anaemia of prematurity and other major diseases.
Silence is not golden: communicating with children dying from cancer.

CASE HISTORY: PART 1 Oscar, a 9-year-old boy, was first diagnosed and treated for medulloblastoma at the age of 1 year. Eight years later, all anticancer treatment options for him had been exhausted. Although Oscar knew that he was dying, his parents could not accept the inevitable. Oscar’s parents would not allow anyone else to discuss the end of his life with himeither.Hereactedbybecomingdespondent and withdrawn and sometimes very obstinate.Hestoppedeating,washyperalert much of the time, and for the most part, would not talk.
A second horizon scan of biogeography: Golden Ages, Midas touches, and the Red Queen

Are we entering a new ‘Golden Age’ of biogeography, with continued development of infrastructure and ideas? We highlight recent developments, and the challenges and opportunities they bring, in light of the snapshot provided by the 7 biennial meeting of the International Biogeography Society (IBS 2015). We summarize themes in and across 15 symposia using narrative analysis and word clouds, which we complement with recent publication trends and ‘research fronts’. We find that biogeography is still strongly defined by core sub-disciplines that reflect its origins in botanical, zoological (particularly bird and mammal), and geographic (e.g., island, montane) studies of the 1800s. That core is being enriched by large datasets (e.g. of environmental variables, ‘omics’, species’ occurrences, traits) and new techniques (e.g., advances in genetics, remote sensing, modeling) that promote studies with increasing detail and at increasing scales; disciplinary breadth is being diversified (e.g., by developments in paleobiogeography and microbiology) and integrated through the transfer of approaches and sharing of theory (e.g., spatial modeling and phylogenetics in evolutionary–ecological contexts). Yet some subdisciplines remain on the fringe (e.g., marine biogeography, deep-time paleobiogeography), new horizons and new theory may be overshadowed by popular techniques (e.g., species distribution modelling), and hypotheses, data, and analyses may each be wanting. Trends in publication suggest a shift away from traditional biogeography journals to multidisciplinary or open access journals. Thus, there are currently many
Use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy by African American women. The importance of physician discussion.

BACKGROUND Although nationally the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has increased dramatically in the last decade, little is known about its use by disadvantaged, minority women or the role that physician discussion plays in determining its use. METHODS In 1994, we surveyed a total of 328 predominantly indigent, African American women (refusals, 22) who attended public hospital medical continuity of care clinics staffed by internal medicine house officers. RESULTS Of the 328 women who completed the survey, the mean age was 63 years, 302 women (92%) were African American, and 286 (87.3%) had yearly incomes of less than $10000. Of the 328 women, 52 (15.6%) were receiving HRT at the time of the survey, varying from 22 (28.2%) of 78 women aged 50 to 59 years to 1 (3%) of 33 women older than 80 years (P = .006). In a logistic regression model adjusting for age and ethnicity, women who had previously undergone a hysterectomy were significantly more likely to use HRT, with an odds ratio of 2.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.44-5.30; P = .002). The levels of education and income and the history of myocardial infarction were not significantly associated with the use of HRT (P > .20). Although all women who were currently receiving HRT recalled discussing HRT with their physicians, of the 276 women who were not receiving HRT, only 62 (22%) recalled any such discussion (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In poor, African American women who reside in the inner city, younger age, undergoing a hysterectomy, and physician discussion of HRT are significantly associated with current use of HRT. Physician discussion of HRT may need greater emphasis in internal medicine training programs.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: ex vivo and in vivo fat detection with black-blood MR imaging.

PURPOSE To assess electrocardiographically gated spin-echo (SE) and double inversion-recovery fast SE magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the depiction of intramyocardial fat in cadaveric heart specimens and patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A phantom was used to determine the effective in-plane spatial resolution of SE and fast SE MR imaging protocols. Two cadavers with proved ARVD were imaged with identical sequences with spectrally selected fat suppression. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of intramyocardial fat in the right ventricle (RV) were compared by using analysis of variance and Student t test with Bonferroni correction. Eleven patients with ARVD and 10 control subjects underwent fast SE MR imaging. Two blinded readers semiquantitatively evaluated images for fat conspicuity and image quality. RESULTS Fast SE MR imaging achieved better spatial resolution but lower CNR than that of gated SE imaging. CNRs in cadaveric specimens were higher for double R-R than for single R-R fast SE sequences for all section thicknesses (P <.0001). Absolute CNR values were higher for fat-suppressed fast SE sequences than for those without fat suppression. Cadaveric specimens demonstrated fatty infiltration from epicardium toward endocardium of the RV free wall. Intramyocardial fat was detected in eight of 11 (73%) patients with ARVD and in no control subjects (P <.001). CONCLUSION Intramyocardial fat detection in ARVD was better with fast SE MR imaging alone and combined with fat suppression than was gated SE MR imaging. When fast SE imaging is applied in vivo, however, breath-holding constraints limit the spatial resolution for RV fat detection.
The Impact of Financial Capital on Business Performance: A Comparison of Women- and Men-Owned Firms

This article uses data from the Kauffman Firm Survey to explore, by gender, the relationship of start up capital for new firm performance in terms of assets, revenues, income, employment, and survival. Our results reveal that, consistent with prior research, women-owned firms start with smaller amounts of capital than men-owned firms. Our findings also indicate that women launched their firms with larger amounts of owner-provided equity and dramatically smaller amounts of outsider equity. Finally, our results reveal that, even controlling for firm size and the amount of capital at start-up, women-owned firms still underperformed firms owned by men in measures of size, profitability, employment, and survival over time. This finding suggests that differences in financial capital are just one factor associated with the gender differences in the performance outcomes of new firms.
Should We Oblige Firms to Invest in R&D? Knowledge Spillovers and the Market of 'Not to Invest in R&D Tradable Permits'

Firms’ research and development (R&D) investments are sources of positive externalities, thus justifying innovation policies based on a mix of R&D subsidies, tax credits and intellectual property rights. All those measures represent a way to encourage companies which invest in R&D by rewarding them. However, we show in this paper that a different approach can be envisaged. Following the logic advanced by Coase (1960), the problem of positive R&D externalities is of a reciprocal nature. Also, rather than rewarding firms which invest in R&D, it may also be possible to consider that it is their social duty to do so and that other firms have the legitimate right to benefit from R&D spillovers for free. This new approach emphasizes the responsibility of firms with respect to their R&D investments. It allows us to discuss an original policy measure aiming at internalizing R&D spillovers: A system of "not to invest in R&D tradable permits" in which firms would be endowed with R&D quotas which they could then trade, i.e. a firm wishing to invest less than its quota would have to buy a permit to another firm which invests more than its quota. A major interest of this system is that it would enable policy makers to choose with certainty the level of R&D effectively performed in the economy.
The Impact of Information Technology on Global Marketing Strategies

It is argued that in this era of globalisation, business success or failure depends on whether a firm can compete effectively in world markets [1], [2], [3]. Global strategy, the way a business competes in the global market, plays a vital role in determining the performance of a business in the global market. It is a complex issue, as it requires obtaining and processing of data about overseas markets' that are related to company resources ,particularly finance, marketing and production. The complexity arises because there are over 130 national country markets in the world each with differing physical, cultural and commercial characteristics. This creates a critical intelligence gap for many companies [ 4]. Marketing is probably the most important component of global strategy as it assumes the role of interacting directly with the customers and competitors in the marketplace [5].