Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P2Y12-receptor-inhibiting antiplatelet strategies in acute coronary syndromes

Summary Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes is essential for preventing stent thrombosis and for reducing major adverse cardiovascular events. Treatment strategy has changed over the last years by frequent use of more active agents inhibiting the ADP mediated activation of platelets instead of clopidogrel, such as prasugrel and ticagrelor. Compared to clopidogrel these modern antiplatelet drugs showed a significant reduction of efficacy endpoints as well as an acceptable safety profile in large multicenter randomized trials (TRITON TIMI 38, PLATO). Going in with higher efficacy a generally higher bleeding risk of prasugrel could be reduced by optimizing the maintenance dose in elderly and underweight patients (TRILOGY-ACS). However even prasugrel and ticagrelor have shown a delayed onset of action in special patient populations (e.g. STEMI) suggesting that the optimal ADP inhibitor has not been found yet. Results of the CHAMPION PHOENIX trial indicate that cangrelor, an intravenous agent, might fulfill these high expectations of an ideal platelet inhibitor in the first hours of an ACS in special patient cohorts. This review summarizes the results of most important clinical studies investigating the novel P2Y12 receptor inhibiting antiplatelet drugs.
Omalizumab Reduces Corticosteroid Use in Patients with Severe Allergic Asthma: Real-Life Experience in Israel

Objective. Approved by the FDA in 2003, omalizumab is the first recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E antibody developed for the treatment of allergic asthma. Due to the heterogeneity of asthma symptoms, investigation of the efficacy of omalizumab in patients outside controlled trials is particularly important. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of omalizumab as an add-on treatment for allergic asthma in a real-life setting in Israel. Methods. This was a retrospective study based on patient records and computerized database for drug dispensing, emergency room visits, and hospital admissions. Results. The sample comprised 33 individuals (18 men, 15 women; mean age 50.0 ± 12.2, range 25–79) who were treated with omalizumab for severe allergic asthma for a duration of at least 16 weeks. After the initiation of omalizumab therapy, the number of patients who used oral or injected corticosteroids decreased (p < .003, .03, respectively), as did the median dosage of oral corticosteroids (p < .02). Visits to the emergency room decreased from an incidence of 0.526 visits per person-year to an incidence of 0.246 per person-year (p < .05). No adverse reactions to omalizumab were observed. Conclusion. Omalizumab as an add-on therapy reduced the use of corticosteroids and improved the control of asthma, as evidenced by reduced asthma-related emergency room visits. This study supports both controlled and uncontrolled studies that have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of omalizumab, and particularly those that demonstrated effectiveness among severe asthma patients. “Real-life” studies are important to identify patients who will most benefit from omalizumab therapy.
Expression, characterization and subcellular localization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE gene Rv1917c.

SETTING The PPE gene family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought to be of immunological significance. One member, Rv1917c, is highly polymorphic in clinical isolates. OBJECTIVE To characterize Rv1917c gene polymorphism and expression, and to determine the cellular location and glycosylation status of the encoded protein. DESIGN Tandem repeat regions of Rv1917c were amplified and sequenced to determine the molecular basis for the gene polymorphism. RT-PCR analysis was utilized to detect expression of Rv1917c mRNA in liquid cultures of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The gene was cloned as a 3'-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion, downstream of an acetamide-inducible promoter, and expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The expression product was characterized in terms of cellular location and glycosylation status. RESULTS PCR and sequence data demonstrated that variable numbers of tandem repeats within Rv1917c contribute to gene polymorphism. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Rv1917c mRNA is expressed in liquid cultures of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Expression of the recombinant protein in M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG was visualized by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. A protein of the predicted size (166 kDa) was confirmed by Western blotting. Cell fractionation studies demonstrated that the recombinant protein is hydrophobic, suggestive of cell wall-association, while flow cytometric data derived from antibody binding experiments suggested that it is surface exposed. Analysis of the glycosylation status of the expressed protein failed to demonstrate glycosylation. CONCLUSION Rv1917c mRNA is expressed in M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and Rv1917c gene polymorphism is associated with variable numbers of tandem repeats. The recombinant Rv1917c protein is surface exposed.
Quantitative estimation of β-sitosterol, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the leaves of Moringa oleifera.

A rapid method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of β-sitosterol, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in the leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family: Moringaceae). The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves was subjected for the quantitative estimation of these compounds. The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera was prepared by the process of cold maceration using ethanol and water, followed by distillation. The extract prepared was tested for preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening, followed by the quantitative estimation of β-sitosterol by LC-MS and total phenolic, flavonoid compounds by Visible-Spectroscopy. The reports revealed the presence of 90mg/g of β-sitosterol, 8μg/mL and 27μg/mL of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds respectively in the leaves of Moringa oleifera. Thus, the therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera may be due to presence of these major phytoconstituents.
Group identification as a mediator of the effect of players’ anonymity on cheating in online games

This study aims to add to the discussion about the applicability of the classical deindividuation theory and social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) in explaining online behaviours. It explores the effect of anonymity in facilitating social influence of group identity in online game cheating. A nationally representative survey was conducted face to face. Results from the survey administered in Singapore confirm predictions derived from the SIDE and challenge the classical deindividuation theory. Specifically, it was concluded that the frequency of gaming with online strangers (anonymous gaming) significantly predicted the frequency of cheating in online games. The effect of anonymity on game cheating was found to be significantly mediated by the group identification with online gaming communities/groups. Gender differences were found. Male gamers cheated more frequently than female gamers. Female gamers are more likely to cheat as a consequence of group identification than male gamers. Implications and future research are discussed.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Inhibin/Activin Subunits in Human Placenta

Objective To examine the cellular localization of each inhibin subunit in human placenta throughout pregnancy. Method Placental tissues were collected and fixed in Bouin's solution, and studied with the immunohistochemical technique avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. Results There was immunohistochemical staining with antisera against each inhibin subunit in the syncytiotrophoblast, but not in the cytotrophoblast. In the first-trimester placenta, positive immunostaining for α-and βA-subunits was clearly observed in the syncytial layer of villi, whereas staining for βB-subunit was faint. In the second-trimester placenta, the relative intensities of staining for α-and βA-subunits were similar to those in the first-trimester placenta, and enhanced positive immunostaining with βB-subunit antiserum was observed. The relative amount of immunostainable α-subunit declined within the syncytiotrophoblast of the third-trimester placenta, whereas levels of immunostainable β-subunits were unchanged. Conclusions Inhibin subunits may be produced in the syncytiotrophoblast throughout pregnancy, and activin as well as inhibin may be synthesized in the syncytiotrophoblast of the term placenta.
Extramammary Paget's Disease Combined with Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ of the Vulva: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis

Vol. 28, No. 4, 2016 497 Received April 10, 2015, Revised July 15, 2015, Accepted for publication July 20, 2015 Corresponding author: Young Kyung Bae, Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea. Tel: 82-53-640-6755, Fax: 82-53-622-8432, E-mail: ykbae@ynu.ac. kr This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © The Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology Fig. 1. (A) Scanning view of partial vulvectomy specimen (H&E, ×8). Surface erosion is noted in the right upper portion of the figure. (B) The right side of Fig. 1A (★) represented extramammary Paget’s disease (H&E, ×200) and (C) the left side of Fig. 1A (▼) showed squamous intraepithelial lesion including carcinoma in situ of the vulva (H&E, ×200). http://dx.doi. org/10.5021/ad.2016. 28.4. 497
Do Randomized Controlled Nursing Trials Have a Pragmatic or Explanatory Attitude? Findings From the Pragmatic–Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS) Tool Exercise

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may be categorized as either effectiveness trials or efficacy trials, which may be categorized by the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS) tool. However, no data regarding the application of the PRECIS tool in a cluster of RCTs belonging to a specific discipline such as nursing are available. Purpose: The principal aim of this study was to assess the prevailing nature (pragmatic vs. explanatory) of a cluster of clinical nursing RCTs. Evaluating the suitability of the PRECIS in the analysis of nursing RCTs was the secondary aim. Methods: All nursing RCTs published in 2010 were identified through a systematic review and extracted in full-text form. An explanatory–pragmatic (E–P) group consisting of 11 researchers trained in the use of the PRECIS tool evaluated each RCT in terms of 10 domains, respectively scored on a scale ranging from 5 (pragmatic) to 1 (explanatory). The E–P group further scored the feasibility of the PRECIS tool using a numerical rating scale (0 = not at all, 10 = entirely feasible). Results: Along the pragmatic–explanatory continuum, assuming 50 as the highest degree of pragmatism and 10 as the highest degree of explanatory, the evaluation of nursing RCTs returned an average of 31.1 (median = 31, SD = 7.18, range = 13–44). On the pragmatic–explanatory continuum, the evaluated nursing RCTs tended to be pragmatic, which seems to be consistent with the purposes of the nursing discipline. The feasibility of the PRECIS tool in the evaluation of nursing trials as perceived by the E–P Group was, on average, 7.09 (SD = 1.09, 95% CI [6.35, 7.82]). Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Applying the PRECIS tool is perceived to be highly feasible in the critical appraisal of a cluster of RCTs in a specific discipline such as nursing.
PROCESSING PARAMETER EFFECTS ON PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL AND REFORMULATED CREAMS

Skim, sweet buttermilk, and butter-derived aqueous phase components were used to reemulsify low-melt butteroil into creams with a desired 20% milkfat. The implications of pasteurization process, homogenization sequence, and formulation on the physicochemical properties of reformulated and natural creams were investigated. Creams homogenized prior to pasteurization had significantly (p<0.05) greater amounts of milkfat surface material per gram of cream and per gram of lipid compared to creams homogenized after pasteurization. Significantly (p<0.05) higher percentages of available phospholipid also were associated with the milkfat surface material of creams homogenized prior to pasteurization. Phosphodiesterase, a marker enzyme within the native milkfat globule membrane, was in significantly (p<0.05) higher activity relative to protein on lipid globule surface when cream was homogenized prior to pasteurization. Creams that underwent pasteurization prior to homogenization had significantly (p<0.05) higher protein load associated with the milkfat surface material. Natural cream homogenized prior to pasteurization had significantly (p<0.05) greater milkfat surface material per gram lipid than natural cream homogenized after pasteurization and buttermilk / aqueous phase (AP) reformulated cream homogenized after pasteurization. In contrast, natural cream homogenized after pasteurization and BM / AP reformulated cream homogenized after pasteurization had significantly (p<0.05) greater amounts of protein per 10 mg of milkfat surface material than all other formulation / homogenization sequence combinations. In addition, natural cream homogenized prior to pasteurization, and skim milk (SM) reformulated cream pasteurized prior to or after homogenization had significantly (p<0.05) higher percentages of available phospholipid associated with the milkfat surface material than natural cream homogenized following pasteurization. Pasteurization temperature had a significant (p<0.05) effect on apparent viscosity of natural and reformulated creams. All UHT pasteurized natural and reformulated creams had significantly (p<0.05) greater apparent viscosities at all shear rates monitored than HTST pasteurized natural and reformulated creams. At a failing curve shear rate of 692 s UHT pasteurized cream reformulated with BM / AP had significantly (p<0.05) greater viscosity than UHT pasteurized natural cream and cream reformulated with skim component. HTST pasteurized natural cream had significantly (p<0.05) greater viscosities than HTST pasteurized cream reformulated with skim component. Moreover, at a shear rate of 2769 s and a rising shear rate of 1384 s HTST pasteurized natural cream had significantly
Rapid adhesive platelet count in whole blood

A proportion of the platelets in whole blood become more adhesive when treated with adenosine diphosphate. After these platelets have adhered to the walls of a polystyrene container, E.D. T.A. is added and a count is made of the remaining platelets in the blood sample. By subtracting this latter count from the total whole blood platelet count a whole blood adhesive platelet count is obtained. For rapidity and accuracy, an electronic cell counter is used for each platelet count.
Dengue shock syndrome at the emergency room of Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.

BACKGROUND Dengue virus infection is an important mosquito-borne disease with the reported 40,000-100,000 cases per year in Thailand. Shock is one of the common presentations at the emergency room (ER) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is among the common causes of shock. Proper and timely management of DSS determines the outcomes and prognosis of DSS patients. OBJECTIVE To find the prevalence of DSS at the ER and evaluate the medical management and risk factors associated with the outcome of DSS patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD A retrospective study on patients who presented with shock, including DSS patients at the ER of Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (QSNICH), Bangkok, Thailand, from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2009 was done. The prevalence of patients who presented with shock at the ER was retrieved from the Statistical and Information Technology Departments. Out-patient cards and In-patient charts of DSS patients were reviewed. Clinical and laboratory data were compared between recovered and death cases. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 14.0. RESULTS There were 109 shock patients seen at the ER during the present study period with 59 DSS (54.1%), 30 septic shock (27.5%), 13 hypovolemic shock (11.9%), 1 cardiogenic shock (0.9%) and 6 other non-specific shock (5.5%). DSS cases were found all year round with the peak prevalence from June to August which is the rainy season. Twenty-six of DSS (44.1%) were referred cases and 5 of them died, case fatality rate was 8.8%. All death cases had prolonged shock, massive bleeding and liver failure at presentation while these findings were found in 2 (4.4%), 16 (35.6%) and 10 (22.2%) cases of recovered cases. Encephalopathy, renal failure and respiratory failure were found in 80, 60 and 60% of the death cases while in recovered cases they were found in 11.1, 4.4 and 2.2%. Acidosis was found higher in the death group (60%) than in recovered group (8.9%). Other common presenting findings in death and recovered groups were bleeding (35.6 vs 100.0%), fluid over load (31.1 vs. 80%), hyponatremia (40% for both groups) and hypocalcemia (83.3 vs. 80%). Among the 45 recovered cases; 3 cases were misdiagnosed and another 8 cases (17.8%) received no i.v. fluid at the ER. Cross matching was done in 32 cases (64%) and blood was transfused in 16 cases (50% of the cross matching). CONCLUSION DSS is the most common shock found at the ER especially during June to August. ER physicians should be alert for making the correct diagnosis of DSS with proper intravenous fluid resuscitation and correction of the common complications/laboratory abnormalities, i.e. acidosis, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia and cross matching for massive bleeding. A referred case with liver failure together with renal and respiratory failure was likely associated with mortality while fluid overload and significant bleeding do not if they are managed properly. Early signs of shock should be detected in walk in cases to prevent later shock after admission.
Towards adaptive Gamification: a synthesis of current Developments

Adaptive gamification is a n emerging and fast-growing research stream , that enhances traditional gamification approaches with u ser-centered, personalized and adaptive incentive mechanisms, ta i-lored to a specific characteristic of different users and contexts. While game-like elements have been successfully applied to increase end-user engagement, satisfaction and task performance in different domains, the effectiveness has often been mixed, highly context specific and varied among individuals. In order to understand how adaptive gamification approaches can be developed that overcome such problems, we have conducted a systematic literature review that identifies main issues and challenges in current literature on adaptive gamification. The analysis corpus is composed of 43 identified studies a nd include s supporting theoretical contributions from related research areas . The performed analysis provides several contributions. First, a conceptual matrix of adaptive gamification design is proposed that identifies major dimensions of current approaches and class ifies these accordingly. Second, we came up with a thematic overview where the identified literature and their related studies are assigned to the designated areas. Finally, we identify five research challenges and propose a research agenda that can serve as a basis for future research directions and for practitioners who want to apply adaptive gamification strategies in real-world applications.
Socioeconomic factors and epinephrine prescription in children with peanut allergy.

BACKGROUND Epinephrine autoinjectors provide life-saving therapy for individuals with peanut allergies. OJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and epinephrine prescription among urban Canadian children with peanut allergy. METHODS Population-based survey data from school children in grades 1 and 2 participating in the Toronto Child Health Evaluation Questionnaire were used. Children with peanut allergy, their epinephrine autoinjector prescription status and their SES were identified by parental report. RESULTS Between January and April 2006, 5619 completed questionnaires from 231 Toronto, Ontario, schools were returned. A total of 153 (2.83%) children were identified as having a peanut allergy, 68.6% of whom reported being prescribed an epinephrine autoinjector. Children from upper-middle and high-income homes (OR 8.35 [95% CI 2.72 to 25.61]) and with asthma (OR 4.74 [95% CI 1.56 to 14.47]) were more likely to report having an epinephrine prescription. CONCLUSION A significant health disparity exists in the prescribing pattern of epinephrine autoinjectors for peanut-allergic children from families of differing SES.
Extending the tools of single‐molecule fluorescence imaging to problems in microbiology

Single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy enables non‐invasive, high‐sensitivity, high‐resolution imaging, and this direct, quantitative method has recently been extended to understanding organization, dynamics and cooperativity of macromolecules in prokaryotes. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Bakshi et al. (2012) examine fluorescently labelled ribosomes and RNA polymerase (RNAP) in live Escherichia coli cells. By localizing individual molecules with 30 nm scale accuracy, they resolve the spatial distribution of RNAP (and thus of the E. coli nucleoid) and of the ribosomes, measure diffusion rates, and sensitively count protein copy numbers. This work represents an exciting achievement in terms of applying biophysical methods to live cells and quantitatively answering important questions in physiologically relevant conditions. In particular, the authors directly relate the positions, dynamics, and numbers of ribosomes and RNAP to transcription and translation in E. coli. The results indicate that, since the ribosomes and the nucleoid are well segregated, translation and transcription must be predominantly uncoupled. As well, the radial extension of ribosomes and RNAP to the cytoplasmic membrane is consistent with the hypothesis of transertion (simultaneous insertion of membrane proteins upon translation).
A trial of chloroquine-medicated salt for malaria suppression in Uganda.

Summary The distribution of chloroquine-medicated salt has been proposed as an alternative method of malaria eradication where insecticidal attack is not fully effective. The small trial described here was conducted in Uganda during 1964–66 to test the use of medicated salt among a changing population at two sugar estates. Salt containing 0.38% by weight chloroquine base was issued free, and the populations' experience compared with those not receiving medicated salt. Methods for the preparation and distribution of medicated salt are described. Satisfactory distribution led to significant reductions in crude parasite rates and reduction of morbidity to about one-third the level in nonrecipient workers, and to lower levels in women and children. Failure to achieve complete protection was attributed to administrative shortcomings, individual non-co-operation, or inadequate intake. The possibility of chloroquine resistance was excluded by use of a standard test procedure. The results of the trial were not encouraging for wider adoption, but could be justified for the situation in which it was tried.