Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Azores Current System from a meridional section at 24 . 5 ° W

[1] High spatial resolution hydrographic data, including Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) measurements, were acquired along a meridional section at 24.5°W in October 2009. The data are analyzed in detail with the purpose of definitively defining and quantifying the zonal Azores Current System. The Azores Current and Azores Countercurrent are delimited, each extending meridionally for 110 km. The Azores Current is located between 33.5°N and 34.5°N, flanked to the north by the Azores Countercurrent (35.25°–36.25°N). Vertically, both currents reach the gn = 27.975 kg m −3 level (∼2000 m depth), their mass transports ranging across thermocline as well as intermediate layers. The Azores Current transports 13.9 Sv (1 Sv = 10 m s ≈ 10 kg s) eastward with its maximum associated with the Azores Front (33.75°N). The Azores Countercurrent flows below the surface, transporting 5.5 Sv westward. This contributes to a net eastward flow of 8.4 Sv across the section. At intermediate layers, the Azores Countercurrent transports mixed Mediterranean Water to the west, and the Azores Current transports mixed Sub‐Arctic Intermediate Water to the east. Shipboard ADCP and satellite‐derived geostrophic velocity are used to confirm the transports revealed by the hydrographic data.
Strategies and Citation Distributions in Journals

Psychology is a discipline standing at the crossroads of hard and social sciences. Some of psychology journals are attributed to SCIE in Web of Science database while others to SSCI (and some to both). So it is especially interesting to study bibliometric characteristics of psychology journals. We study not the citedness itself (IF etc.) but the citation distribution across papers within psychology publications. This is, so to say, “indicators of the second order” which measure the digression of the citations received by individual papers from the journal’s average. This also influences the publication strategies of the authors. Some journals guarantee to the author receiving of the mean number of citations while others have much more “All or Nothing” grade when any individual paper may have many cites or not have them at all. We also define four different types of psychology journals and explore their characteristics separately.
Tangent-CFT: An Embedding Model for Mathematical Formulas

When searching for mathematical content, accurate measures of formula similarity can help with tasks such as document ranking, query recommendation, and result set clustering. While there have been many attempts at embedding words and graphs, formula embedding is in its early stages. We introduce a new formula embedding model that we use with two hierarchical representations, (1) Symbol Layout Trees (SLTs) for appearance, and (2) Operator Trees (OPTs) for mathematical content. Following the approach of graph embeddings such as DeepWalk, we generate tuples representing paths between pairs of symbols depth-first, embed tuples using the fastText n-gram embedding model, and then represent an SLT or OPT by its average tuple embedding vector. We then combine SLT and OPT embeddings, leading to state-of-the-art results for the NTCIR-12 formula retrieval task. Our fine-grained holistic vector representations allow us to retrieve many more partially similar formulas than methods using structural matching in trees. Combining our embedding model with structural matching in the Approach0 formula search engine produces state-of-the-art results for both fully and partially relevant results on the NTCIR-12 benchmark. Source code for our system is publicly available.
TENSILE TESTING AT HIGH STRAIN RATES USING DIC METHOD

As prediction of material behaviour by Finite Elements Analysis is nowadays an integral part of material engineering, the necessity to obtain relevant material data with highest accuracy possible became crucial. Usually, tensile tests are performed under quasi-static conditions, which mean that the loading of specimen corresponds with strain rate about hundredths s -1 . In reality, however, materials are often subjected to much higher strain rates (up to thousands s -1 ) and their properties can change rapidly with rising strain rate. Material testing at high strain rates is important especially for materials that are used in applications where impact damage is probable, such as in pressure vessels, vehicles etc. For this paper, individual tests were performed at strain rates from hundredths s -1 up to hundreds s -1 , recorded using standard or high speed camera and evaluated by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. This method is based on recognition of change of pattern in sequence of images. Stochastic pattern is applied on the surface of the specimen prior testing. Under the load, the specimen is deformed and so is the applied pattern. Comparing the images, changes in the pattern are registered and displacements and strains are calculated. The results are discussed.
A ug 2 01 9 An Overview of Enhanced Massive MIMO with Array Signal Processing Techniques

In the past ten years, there have been tremendous research progresses on massive MIMO systems, most of which stand from the communications viewpoint. A new trend of investigating massive MIMO, especially for the sparse scenario like millimeter wave (mmWave) transmission, is to re-build the transceiver design from array signal processing viewpoint that could deeply exploit the half-wavelength array and provide enhanced performances in many aspects. For example, the high dimensional channel could be decomposed into small amount of physical parameters, e.g., angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), multi-path delay, Doppler shift, etc. As a consequence, transceiver techniques like synchronization, channel estimation, beamforming, precoding, multi-user access, etc., can be re-shaped with these physical parameters, as opposed to those designed directly with channel state information (CSI). Interestingly, parameters like AoA/AoD and multi-path delay are frequency insensitive and thus can be used to guide the downlink transmission from uplink training even for FDD systems. Moreover, some phenomena of massive MIMO that were vaguely revealed previously can be better explained now with array signal processing, e.g., the beam squint effect. In all, the target of this paper is to present an overview of recent progress on merging array signal processing into massive MIMO communications as well as its promising future directions.
AnMBR technologies ( CSTR and UASB type ) for winery wastewater treatment at low temperatures

The AnMBR technology has shown good performance for winery wastewater treatment, removing organic matter with low nutrient requirement. Winery wastewater was treated at low temperatures and low organic load simulating winter season conditions.The operation at 25 ̊C resulted in slightly better COD removal than the operation at 15 ̊C. By using UASB-MBR configuration higher removal rates and biogas production could be reached mainly due to the capacity to retain more biomass in the reactor compared with the CSTR-MBR, reaching a COD removal efficiency of 92±4% with an effluent COD of 0.11±0.06 mg L and free of suspended solids. Due to the operation at low temperatures, up to a 10% of methane was dissolved in the permeate and low biogas production was obtained. Moreover, higher degree of fouling was observed despite the amount of suspended solids was lower. Frequent cleanings were necessary, although they were carried out without chemicals since the main resistance was due to the cake layer on the surface, thus a high crossflow velocity was enough to recover the initial flux.
Calibrating Dental Layers Bottlenose Dolphins from Tetracycline Labels and Tooth Extractions in Captive Serial 34

Scientists studying marine mammal populations have become increasingly dependent on age estimates from tooth layer counts to assess the population dynamics (Scheffer and Myrick, 1981). Such dependence has underscored the importance of understanding the patterns and rates of tooth layer deposition. Cetacean teeth have complex patterns of layers, or growth layer groups (GLGs, terminology of Perrin and Myrick, 1981), which are similar to each other in detail. The GLG has been assumed to represent deposition during a 1-year period or some other constant unit of time (Sergeant, 1959). However, neither GLGs nor the variably prominent finer layers that they contain can be interpreted with certainty until GLG patterns are calibrated with units of absolute time. Rough calibrations of GLGs with absolute time can be achieved by using layers known to have been deposited between two dates (Myrick, 1981a; Myrick ef al . , 1984; Hohn, Chapter 33, this volume). However, calibration based only on two dates (usually birth and death) gives only a mean annual rate that provides no information on whether the GLG pattern and formation period are dependent on endogenous or exogenous factors. If rates are factor-dependent, then GLGs cannot be used with confidence to estimate ages unless the nature and timing of the factors are known. Three techniques have been used to calibrate GLGs with two dates. In one, layer patterns were examined in single teeth from a few captive-born (known-age) bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops fruncatus (Sergeant, 1959; Sergeant el al., 1973; Hui, 1978). In another, a single lead acetate or tetracycline label was introduced into the layering pattern, and tooth layers deposited after the label
LEARNING IN VIRTUAL 3 D ENVIRONMENTS : ALL ABOUT IMMERSIVE 3 D INTERFACES

Human-computer interaction have entered the 3D era. The use of immersive virtual 3D environments in the area of education and learning is important field of research interest. 3D virtual worlds can be dynamically modified, updated or customized and more operators can cooperate when solving specific task regardless to their physical presence. With respect to the features of immersive human-computer interaction as well as specific cues included in virtual environments it is necessary to consider every aspect of 3D interface in the way how it influence the process of learning. Especially, the social and communicational aspects in Collaborative Virtual Learning Environments (CVLEs) is the state of the art for the current research. Based on our research of interactive geographical 3D environments, we summarize and discuss the relevant theoretical and technological aspects entering into the issue of interaction with 3D virtual environments. The operators' manipulation and evaluation of the displayed content is discussed regarding such phenomena as fidelity, presence/immersion, informational and computational equivalence, situation awareness, cognitive workload or human error. We also describe specific interface developed for recording and measuring the participants’ behavior in virtual spaces. Further we suggest the methodological background for the research of 3D virtual interfaces with respect to virtual collaboration and learning.
Impact of environmental variables on tundra vegetation onset of flowering explained by survival modelling

Timing of phenological events are highly related to climate and is one of the first signs of ecosystem responses to the climate change. Timing of flowering phenology is an important trait influencing the distribution and fitness of plants species. Tundra ecosystems are particularly important to study these effects due to short growing seasons, poor pollinator community and a particularly pronounced expected climate change. In this study proportional hazard models are used to explain the impact of environmental variables and experimental warming tundra plant species’ onset of flowering. The results show that global radiation and precipitation are negatively linked to onset of flowering, whereas thawing degree days only showed some weak relationship to flowering. The negative impact of both radiation and precipitation are addressed to cooling the soil surface temperature and indicate further that local air temperature is not sufficient for explaining changes in onset of flowering. In concordance with earlier research higher TDD sum previous year show a negative effect on the timing following year. The effect was particularly large on the early flowering species. Responses to experimental warming were stronger among late flowering dwarf shrubs, although the effect on early flowering species may have been out competed by snow melt dates. The study further suggests that survival modelling can be successfully used in phenology research providing accurate predictions of onset of flowering. Further studies of how the model application perform beyond the study area still needs to be tested.
Procedural Justice : A Historical Review and Critical Analysis

People are fundamentally concerned with fair process in many social contexts. The work organization has offered fertile ground for the study of procedural justice. In this chapter, we provide readers with a broad foundation for understanding the literature on procedural justice in the workplace. We first review the origins of the concept in psychology in the 1970s and the early theoretical accounts. Next we discuss and critique research that has examined the effects of procedural justice perceptions in the workplace. In the third part, we build on our discussion of the early theories by reviewing contemporary revisions, and we present newer theoretical models that have emerged to explain why people care about process fairness. In the final section, we review recent research that challenges a fundamental assumption in the study of procedural justice— that procedural justice is always beneficial.
Winter Wheat Greenup Date Variation and its Diverse Response on the Hydrothermal Conditions over the North China Plain , Using MODIS Time-Series Data

Vegetation phenology plays a critical role in the dynamic response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. However, the relationship between the phenology of winter wheat and hydrothermal factors is inadequate, especially in typical agricultural areas. In this study, the possible effects of preseason climate changes on the green-up date (GUD) of winter wheat over the North China Plain (NCP) was investigated, using the MODIS EVI 8-day time-series data from 2000 to 2015, as well as the concurrent monthly mean temperature (Tm), mean maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) and total precipitation (TP) data. Firstly, we quantitatively identified the time lag effects of winter wheat GUD responses to different climatic factors; then, the major driving factors for winter wheat GUD were further explored by applying multiple linear regression models. The results showed that the time lag effects of winter wheat GUD response to climatic factors were siteand climatic parameters-dependent. Negative temperature effects with about a 3-month time lag dominated in most of the NCP, whereas positive temperature effects with a zero-month lag were most common in some of the southern parts. In comparison, total precipitation had a negative zero-month lag effect in the northern region, but two lagged months occurred in the south. Regarding the time lag effects, the explanation power of climatic factors improved relatively by up to 77%, and the explanation area increased by 41.20%. Additionally, change in winter wheat GUD was primarily determined by temperature rather than by TP, with a marked spatial heterogeneity of the Tmax and Tmin effect. Our results confirmed different time lag effects from different climatic factors on phenological processes in spring, and further suggested that both Tmax and Tmin should be considered to improve the performance of spring phenology models.
Amino Acid , Fatty Acid and Mineral Content of Black Finger Millet ( Eleusine coracana ) Cultivated on the Jos Plateau of Nigeria

Finger millet (Eleusine corocana) is a staple of some communities living on the Jos Plateau of north-central Nigeria. Having reported in 2003 on the nutrient content of the more-common tan-colored finger millet, we were interested in knowing the content of essential amino acids, fatty acids and minerals and trace elements of a dark, rust-colored finger millet called “black millet” that is also cultivated in the same mountainous savannah of Nigeria. Black finger millet contains 8.71 mg/g dry weight fatty acid and 8.47 g/g dry weight protein. The specific nutrient contents of the three specimens of black millet we analyzed were nearly identical to that of tan finger millet with respect to amino acid and fatty acid content and composition; however, black finger millet contained only half as much iron and one-tenth as much molybdenum as reported previously for the more common variety of finger millet. Nevertheless, black finger millet represents a good source of the essential amino acids (except lysine), the two essential fatty acids (linoleic acid and -linolenic acid), and the minerals calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, copper and zinc. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The impact of TV channel design on emotion and brand personality

The communication strategy of TV channels is essentially based on schedule and channels’ “packaging”. It contains visual and sonorous components that are fundamental factors of media communication. Previous marketing researches considered product packaging design and studied elements of design like color and form, etc. Taking into account TV channels as a product, this research aims to investigate the channel design impact on viewers’ emotions and brand personality. The advertising credit is one of the main elements of the TV channel design. It contains three stimuli: animation, color and music. Moderate effects of human personality and optimum stimulation level are examined. Eight Ad credits were conceived for the experimentation using animation techniques, colors and music. The final sample, comprising 512 respondents, was divided into eight groups exposed each to a single credit. The data analysis method applied is ANOVA. The findings indicate that visual and sound stimuli affect channel design appreciation. Hot hue color evokes emotion response and influences the channel competence perception. Slow tempo jingle has a significant relationship with channel personality dimensions. Credit animated images are more appreciated than the unanimated ones. This study shows that a TV channel is a product that needs a marketing strategy to survive with hard competitors.
DETERMINANTS OF E-WASTE RECYCLING IN PUTRAJAYA , MALAYSIA : AN APPLICATION OF AMOS GRAPHIC

The increasing volume of e-waste creates the potential for high level of hazardous materials posing a significant threat to public safety if electronic waste was improperly discarded. To overcome this problem, recycling is recognized as an effective way to reduce waste sent to landfills. This paper identifies the factors influencing household participation in e-waste recycling by using confirmation factor analysis using AMOS graphic. The findings of this study suggests that the participation of household influenced by socioeconomic factors such as age, education and income. Meanwhile attitudinal variables are also found as an influenced factors of recycling named ‘attittude’, ‘belief’, ‘convenience’ and ‘social pressure’.
DP Taxing multinationals : The scope for enforcement cooperation

We present a tax-competition model with two policy instruments: the corporate tax rate and the tightness of tax enforcement (i.e., controls on profit shifting by multinational enterprises). Tougher enforcement increases the cost of profit shifting, and thus mitigates tax competition. We compare the equilibria of the noncooperative and cooperative enforcement choices. After showing that enforcement cooperation may not benefit the low-tax country, we indicate two drivers that promote enforcement cooperation. The first driver of cooperation is complementarity (imperfect substitutability) of countries’ enforcement efforts, taking into account that dispersed enforcement efforts among the involved countries are less effective. We show that cooperation is more likely with greater enforcement complementarity. The second driver of cooperation is tax leadership, which reduces the extent of disagreement on tax enforcement.
Using Exogenous Changes in Government Spending to estimate Fiscal Multiplier for Canada : Do we get more than we bargain for ? ∗

In this paper, we estimate the size of government spending multiplier in Canada by constructing a new variable about news of exogenous government spending changes. We define exogenous changes in government spending as the ones not motivated by contemporaneous movements in the economy. We use the budget speeches and other government documents of Canada to record different government spending changes, their sizes, and the motivations behind them from 1975:1 2012:2. We then classify these changes along the lines of Cloyne (2013) into exogenous and endogenous changes and use their present discounted values as news about future changes in government spending. The estimates for government spending multipliers from a VAR with shock to our newly constructed news variable are considerably bigger than the estimates found in the literature. Our estimates lie in the rage of 4-6. We argue that the news variable affects output through channels other than increase in government expenditure. In particular, we suggest that changes in consumer sentiments caused by announcement about future increases in government expenditure can affect output before government spending affects output. Further results show that consumption, investment, hours, and wages all rise following a shock to the news variable JEL Classification: E62, H3, N42.