Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced crystallinity and film retention of P3HT thin-films for efficient organic solar cells by use of preformed nanofibers in solution

We report the preparation of films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibers suitable for fabrication of efficient multilayer solar cells by successive deposition of donor and acceptor layers from the same solvent. The nanofibers are obtained by addition of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) to a solution of P3HT in chlorobenzene. Interestingly, by varying the concentration of DTBP we are able to control both crystallinity and film retention of the spin-cast films. We also investigate the influence of the DTBP-induced crystallization on charge transport by thin-film transistor measurements, and find a more than five-fold increase in the hole mobility of nanofiber films compared to pure P3HT. We attribute this effect to the synergistic effects of increased crystallinity of the fibers and the formation of micrometer-sized fiber networks. We further demonstrate how it is possible to make use of the high film retention to fabricate photovoltaic devices by subsequent deposition of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) from a chlorobenzene solution on top of the nanofiber film. The presence of a relatively large crystalline phase strongly affects the diffusion behavior of PCBM into the P3HT film, resulting in a morphology which is different from that of common bulk heterojunction solar cells and resembles a bilayer structure, as can be inferred from comparison of the external quantum efficiency spectra. However, a high power conversion efficiency of 2.3% suggests that there is still a significant intermixing of the two materials taking place.
An Intrusion Detection Based on Bayesian Game Theory for UAV Network

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential in public, civil and military fields, so the security of UAV networks is attracting increasing people’s attention. The existing schemes to network intrusion detection have two main limitations: a high false alarm rate and computational overhead. In this paper, aiming at the problem of UAV network security, an intrusion detection scheme based on Bayesian game theory is proposed. Bayesian game means that game participants do not have complete information on the profit function of the opponent. In this paper, incomplete information means that the IDS agent is not sure of the type of attacker and the attacker is not sure whether its neighbor node is an IDS agent or not. The simulation and experimental comparison show that the proposed scheme achieves a high detection rate of intrusion. In addition, the communication cost of the network is the lowest.
15N-labed glycine synthesis

This work describes a method for 15 N-isotope-labeled glycine synthesis, as well as details about a recovery line for nitrogen residues. To that effect, amination of α-haloacids was performed, using carboxylic chloroacetic acid and labeled aqueous ammonia ( 15 NH3). Special care was taken to avoid possible 15 NH3 losses, since its production cost is high. In that respect, although the purchase cost of the 13 N-labeled compound (radioactive) is lower, the stable tracer produced constitutes an important tool for N cycling studies in living organisms, also minimizing labor and environmental hazards, as well as time limitation problems in field studies. The tests were carried out with three replications, and variable 15 NH3 (aq) volumes in the reaction were used (50, 100, and 150 mL), in order to calibrate the best operational condition; glycine masses obtained were 1.7, 2, and 3.2 g, respectively. With the development of a system for 15 NH3 recovery, it was possible to recover 71, 83, and 87% of the ammonia initially used in the synthesis. With the required adaptations, the same system was used to recover methanol, and 75% of the methanol initially used in the amino acid purification process were recovered.
Series Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . Ambiguity in Securitization Markets

During the financial crisis of 2008, origination and trading in asset-backed securities markets dropped dramatically. I present a model with ambiguity averse investors to explain how such a market freeze could occur and to investigate how ambiguity affects origination and securitization decisions. The model captures many features of the crisis, including market freezes and fire sales, as well as the timing and duration of the freeze. The presence of ambiguity also reduces real economic activity. Lastly, I consider the differing implications of ambiguity and risk, as well as the role of policies that reduce ambiguity during market freezes.
Need vs. Merit: The Large Core of College Admissions Markets

We study college admissions markets, where colleges offer multiple funding levels. Colleges wish to recruit the best-qualified students subject to budget and capacity constraints. Student-proposing deferred acceptance is stable and strategy-proof for students, but the set of stable allocations is large and the scope for manipulation by colleges is substantial, even in large markets. Under deferred acceptance, truthful colleges allocate funding based on merit. Successful manipulations consider applicants' outside options (specifically need) when allocating funding. In Hungary, where the centralized clearinghouse uses deferred acceptance, choosing another stable allocation would increase the number of admitted students by at least 3%.
Synchronization in allometric and morphological changes during metamorphosis: comparison among four sparid species

Understanding critical ontogenetic transitions in the life of fish, such as metamorpho- sis, is of prime importance for determining the factors that affect survival probabilities and control recruitment levels. Metamorphosis involves a plethora of changing characters and its definition requires a multi-parametric approach. In the present study, mean lengths (Lm) at allometric and morphological change during the transition from larval to juvenile phenotype were estimated with a recently introduced multi-character protocol and compared between Diplodus sargus (settling in spring), Oblada melanura (summer), D. puntazzo (autumn) and D. vulgaris (winter). Lm from allometry closely matched Lm from morphology in D. sargus and D. puntazzo but not in the win- ter- and summer-settling species, in which morphological transition occurred later or earlier than allometric change, respectively. Lm from allometry was very similar in the 3 Diplodus species but larger in O. melanura. The coefficients of variation of Lm from morphometric and morphological characters were negatively correlated. Morphological transitions were less synchronized but changes in allometric growth were more synchronized in D. vulgaris (winter) while the opposite was true for O. melanura (summer). This study highlights for the first time the relative importance of taxonomic relatedness and season (temperature) in determining the size at metamorphosis and the degree of synchronization (abruptness of change) both within and between mensural and morphological characters.
Antenatal care among Palestine refugees in Jordan: factors associated with UNRWA attendance.

Background Maternal and neonatal mortality is a global issue acknowledged by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Adequate ante-natal care (ANC) is pivotal to reducing these mortality rates, while understanding why women don't attend ANC is crucial to addressing the SDGs. Aims Using routine primary health care data to determine the factors associated with inadequate attendance by Palestine refugees (PR) to ANC seeking facilities provided by the United Nations Relief and Works agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Jordan. Methods A backwards logistic regression model incorporating non-health system factors and health system factors, was performed using UNRWA data. Results A younger age of women was associated with inadequate ANC visits (P = 0.0009) in the non-health systems model. For health system factors, pregnancy risk status, having a gynaecologist review and the health centre attended were factors found to be significantly associated with ANC attendance (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Understanding the health system factors associated with ANC attendance can lead to changes and improvements in UNRWA's operational policies.
Prothrombin complex concentrates or recombinant factor VIIa are more effective than fresh-frozen plasma at lowering INR in patients with liver disease

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Kwon JO, MacLaren R. Comparison of fresh-frozen plasma, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrates, and recombinant factor VIIa to facilitate procedures in critically ill patients with coagulopathy from liver disease: a retrospective cohort study. Pharmacotherapy. 2016;36(10):1047-1054. doi: 10.1002/phar.1827
The physical properties of z > 2 Lyman limit systems: new constraints for feedback and accretion models

e study the physical properties of a homogeneous sample of 157 optically thick absorption line systems at redshifts ∼1.8–4.4, selected from a high-dispersion spectroscopic survey of Lyman limit systems (LLSs). By means of multiple ionization models and Bayesian techniques, we derive the posterior probability distribution functions for the density, metallicity, temperature and dust content of the absorbing gas. We find that z > 2 LLSs are highly ionized with ionization parameters between −3 ≲ log U ≲ −2, depending on the H I column density. LLSs are characterized by low temperatures (T 2 are characterized by a broad unimodal distribution over > 4 orders of magnitude, with a peak at log Z/Z⊙ ∼ −2. LLSs are metal poor, significantly less enriched than DLAs, with ∼70 per cent of the metallicity PDF below log Z/Z⊙ ≤ −1.5. The median metallicity of super LLSs with logNHI≥19 rapidly evolves with redshift, with a 10-fold increase between z ∼ 2.1–3.6 (∼1.5 Gyr). Based on this sample, we find that LLSs at z = 2.5–3.5 account for ∼15 per cent of all the metals produced by UV-selected galaxies. The implications for theories of cold gas accretion and metal ejection from galaxies are also discussed.
Estimating rodent losses to stored rice as a means to assess efficacy of rodent management

Abstract Context. Post-harvest losses by rodents have traditionally been calculated by estimates of consumption determined in the laboratory. Methods for assessing storage losses by rodents under smallholder conditions will help farmers and policy makers understand the impact rodents may have on food security, nutrition and health. Stored product loss assessment methods could also be used to monitor the effects of rodent control in villages. Aims. The present study examined a method to measure the amount of rice eaten by rodents in household granaries. The effects of trapping and better hygiene around granaries to reduce rodent populations were investigated using the post-harvest monitoring method to determine whether the program was successful in lowering rodent numbers sufficiently to reduce post-harvest losses. Methods. Baskets with known quantities of rice were placed within household granaries and monitored periodically for moisture content, weight loss, faecal contamination and percentage of rodent-damaged grains. Using an empirical treatment–control study, rodent management was performed at the community level through daily trapping in two Bangladesh villages and in Myanmar at the granary storehouse level. Post-harvest losses were monitored in granaries in villages with rodent management and in similar granaries in villages where there was no management. Key results. Estimates of household losses in the absence of rodent control were 2.5% in Bangladesh and 17% in Myanmar. These losses were reduced when rodent control was implemented, down to 0.5% in Bangladesh and 5% in Myanmar. Conclusions. The impact of rodents on smallholder storage can be accurately assessed in the field under realistic conditions. Intensive daily trapping at the community level together with improved hygiene practices can successfully reduce rodent numbers, and this can significantly reduce stored grain losses and rodent contamination and damage levels. Implications. In addition to the threat of rodent pests during crop production, rodents are a major threat to food security after harvest and have, as of yet, unquantified impacts on household nutrition and health through potential transmission of gastroenteric diseases and zoonoses to householders and domestic livestock. Trapping and environmental management are affordable and effective tools to reduce rodent impacts on stored grain within communities and are viable alternatives to rodenticides.
Jet and torus orientations in high redshift radio galaxies

We examine the relative orientation of radio jets and dusty t ori surrounding the AGN in powerful radio galaxies at z > 1. The radio core dominance R = P 20 GHz core /P 500 MHz extended serves as an orientation indicator, measuring the ratio bet ween the anisotropic Doppler-beamed core emission and the isotropic lobe emission. Assuming a fix ed cylindrical geometry for the hot, dusty torus, we derive i ts inclination i by fitting optically-thick radiative transfer models to spe ctral energy distributions obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. We find a highly significant anti-correlation ( p 1.3.
Morphological priming without morphological relationship

Semantic transparency is a crucial factor in the processing of morphologically complex words, but seems to have a different impact depending on experimental conditions and languages. In English, semantic transparency is necessary to produce morphological priming in cross-modal priming, but not as clearly so in masked priming. The available reports of priming effects for opaque prime-target pairs are not as clear-cut as to rule out an explanation in terms of orthographic overlap. Experiment 1 was set out to clarify that issue in French. The novel notion of “pseudo-derivation” we introduce proved useful to show that surface morphology alone can produce priming effects in masked priming. In contrast, pure orthographic overlap produces marginal inhibition. Experiment 2 used auditory-visual cross-modal priming and showed that only semantically transparent words facilitate the recognition of their base.
Exploring the Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease

In this thesis, molecular tools were used to study bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of humans. One aim was to determine whether certain lifestyle factors, such as an anthroposophic lifestyle, or living on a farm, had an impact on the bacterial composition in fecal samples collected from 90 children. The bacterial composition was determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Each child had a unique bacterial community, but anthroposophic children had a higher bacterial diversity than farm children. A second aim was to study the bacterial communities in fecal samples and biopsies collected from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), compared to healthy individuals. Several molecular approaches were used to characterize the microbiota in identical twins, including healthy twins pairs and twins that were discordant (one has CD and one is healthy) or concordant (both have CD). The bacterial profiles of healthy twins were highly similar whereas in twins discordant for CD they were very different. An imbalance in the microbiota was observed in a subset of individuals with CD and was correlated with the ileal disease phenotype (ICD). A reduced diversity of Firmicutes, and in particular, a depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was correlated with ICD. By contrast there was an increased prevalence and abundance of E. coli in ICD individuals. These findings suggest that specific members of the gut microbiota play a functional role in ICD and this could have clinical significance. A third aim was to characterize the microbiota in stomach biopsies from individuals with stomach cancer compared to healthy individuals. The gastric cancer microbiota had a high bacterial diversity and a similar composition to that in dyspeptic controls. In both cases, the bacterial composition was dominated by streptococci and other Firmicutes and a low abundance of Helicobacter pylori, contradicting earlier reports of H. pylori dominance in the stomach. In conclusion, the bacterial community in the human gastrointestinal tract is more complex than originally thought and disturbances in this community are indicative of some disease states.
Health Literacy Estimation of English and Spanish Language Caregivers

Background: Provider ability to estimate caregiver health literacy (HL) in English-speaking caregivers has been shown to be poor, but estimation of HL in Spanish-speaking caregivers by physicians and staff has yet to be studied. Linguistic differences can further hinder communication in medical care. Objective: This study evaluated how well pediatric providers and staff predict caregiver HL as measured by two HL tools in a bilingual (English/Spanish) population. Method: For this study, we obtained a convenience sample of caregivers, evaluating one group with the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) and the second group with the Short Assessment of Health Literacy (SAHL). Physicians/nurse practitioners (NPs), and medical assistants (MAs) estimated caregiver scores for each tool. We dichotomized estimated and actual scores for each tool using published standards. We used McNemar's test and Cohen's Kappa to evaluate agreement between dichotomized predicted and actual scores. We used log binomial regression to examine how caregiver's language affected agreement between dichotomized caregiver scores and provider estimates. All physicians/NPs were native English speakers only and all MAs were native bilingual English/Spanish speakers. Physicians/NPs used interpretation services when appropriate. Key Results: Fifty caregivers were evaluated using the NVS and 50 using the SAHL. There was no overall association between dichotomized physician/NP or MA estimation and caregiver score for either tool. However, providers' estimates were less likely to match caregiver scores when the caregiver's language was Spanish (NVS: relative risk [RR] = 0.57 [95% CI 0.37, 0.87], SAHL: RR = 0.37 [95% CI 0.23,0.6]). Conclusion: Physician/NP and MA ability to estimate caregiver HL in English proficient and limited English proficiency caregivers is poor. The physician/NP group was less likely to estimate HL correctly if the caregivers spoke Spanish. Providers must use additional caution when providing cross-language care. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2018;2(2):e107–e114. ] Plain Language Summary: This study examined estimation of health literacy of English- and Spanish-speaking caregivers by pediatric providers and medical assistants. We found that both providers and staff estimate caregiver health literacy poorly, and that primary language discordance may be a factor. The results support the institution of universal health literacy precautions for all caregivers of pediatric patients.
Screening and characterization of cellulase producing bacteria from soil and waste (molasses) of sugar industry.

The aim of present work is to illustrate the screening and characterization of cellulytic bacteria from soil and waste (molasses) of sugar industry. Soil and waste samples (molasses) from Colony sugar mills Phalia, Punjab, Pakistan were used for the screening of cellulytic bacteria by serial dilution and pore plate method. Bacteria were further Characterized by morphological and biochemical tests. Submerged fermentation process was used for enzyme production. Different production parameters: temperature, pH, incubation time and substrate concentration were optimized. Soluble proteins in the culture supernatant of isolated bacteria were measured by the dye binding method of Bradford. Enzyme activity was measured by dinitrosilsalic acid (DNS) method.Out of 26 isolates six were selected on the basis of clear zone produced 7mm ≥. These six potential isolates were further screened for cellulytic activity among which one SM3-M8 exhibited promising activity of cellulase. This bacterial isolate was then characterized by morphological and biochemical tests and identified as Bacillus sp. SM3-M8 gave maximum cellulase production and activity at temperature 45oC, pH 7, CMC concentration 0.5% after 48 hours of incubation. Sugar industrial wastes provided a good source for isolation of cellulase producing bacteria. Isolation and screening and characterization of microbes for cellulase production provided a valuable and novel enzymes for the conversion of lingocellulosic waste into ethanol.
Inconsistencies among the Constitutive Elements of a Sales Force Control System: Test of a Configuration Theory–Based Performance Prediction

This paper adopts a configuration theory perspective to investigate how inconsistencies among the perceived elements of a sales force control system influence salesperson performance. Analysis based on a sample of 1,290 salespeople suggests that these inconsistencies hurt salesperson performance. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by professional maturity, a combined index of age, selling experience, and organizational tenure. Implications for management and future research are offered.
Maternal influence on timing of parturition, fecundity, and larval quality in three shelf rockfishes (Sebastes spp.)

Differences in maternal investment and reproductive timing can have important con- sequences for offspring survival. Prior studies on nearshore rockfishes have shown significant effects of maternal age and size on the timing of parturition, fecundity, and larval quality, offering advantages to population persistence by maintaining age diversity in rockfish populations. In this study, reproduction in chilipepper Sebastes goodei, widow rockfish S. entomelas, and yellowtail rockfish S. flavidus was examined to determine whether age- and size-related effects on maternal investment and reproductive timing are exhibited in deeper-dwelling species of this genus. Par- turition dates were derived from fine-scale staging of pre-parturition embryos from gravid females. Measurements of embryonic energy reserves (oil globule and yolk), indicators of condi- tion, were used to estimate depletion rates and to test for maternal age and size effects on larval quality. For widow and yellowtail rockfish, larger or older rockfish gave birth earlier in the partu- rition season than younger, smaller fishes. Maternal factors of weight, length, or age were posi- tively correlated to absolute and relative (weight-specific) fecundity in all species. A trade-off was observed between egg size and fecundity among species, with chilipepper displaying larger egg size and lower fecundity relative to widow and yellowtail rockfish. Embryonic reserves were weakly but significantly related to age only in chilipepper, with embryos from larger, older moth- ers having larger oil globules. Since the strength of maternal effects varies among Sebastes species, information on maternal influence can assist managers in identifying species most likely to benefit from the protection of age structure afforded by marine reserves or other fisheries regulations.
'New' Polish migration to the UK: a synthesis of existing evidence

This paper provides a synthesis of existing knowledge on the post-accession wave of Polish migration to the United Kingdom, placing it in the context of historical and contemporary flows. It discusses available data on migration trends and pinpoints their shortcomings. Finally, it introduces the background to the CPC project ‘International mobility and its impact on family and household formation among Polish migrants living in England and Scotland’, drawing attention to the significance of geographical location, and the urban and rural divide for the formation of the new Polish communities.