Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
This Place Will Become Home: Refugee Repatriation to Ethiopia

How do communities grapple with the challenges of reconstruction after conflicts? In one of the first in-depth ethnographic accounts of refugee repatriation anywhere in the world, Laura C. Hammond follows the story of Ada Bai, a returnee settlement with a population of some 7,500 people. In the days when refugees first arrived, Ada Bai was an empty field along Ethiopia's northwest border, but it is now a viable-arguably thriving-community. For the former refugees who fled from northern Ethiopia to eastern Sudan to escape war and famine in 1984 and returned to their country of birth in 1993, "coming home" really meant creating a new home out of an empty space. Settling in a new area, establishing social and kin ties, and inventing social practices, returnees gradually invested their environment with meaning and began to consider their settlement home. Hammond outlines the roles that gender and generational differences played in this process and how the residents came to define the symbolic and geographical boundaries of Ada Bai. Drawing on her fieldwork from 1993 to 1995 and regular shorter periods since, Hammond describes the process by which a place is made meaningful through everyday practice and social interaction. This Place Will Become Home provides insight into how people cope with extreme economic hardship, food insecurity, and limited access to international humanitarian or development assistance in their struggle to attain economic self-sufficiency.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Mangifera indica Leaf Extract

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) receiving a significant consideration for their probable applications in nanodevices, optoelectronics, nanosensors, nanoelectronics, catalysis and information storage. The objective of the work was to be investigate the synthesis of CuO NPs and evaluation of its characterization of CuO NPs using leaf extract of Mangifera indica . Mangifera indica leaf extract was found suitable for the copper oxide nanoparticles synthesis through biological method ambient conditions. Spherical, polydispersity of CuO NPs of particle sizes ranging from 18 to 106 nm. The average size was 52.54 nm. The formation of color changes indicates that the synthesis of CuO NPs due to plasmon resonance with the active compounds present in the Mangifera indica leaf extract. CuO NPs further confirmed by FT-IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, EDX and SEM. The functional groups confirmed that the alcohol, phenol, aromatics and alkynes have a probable adherence capacity with copper oxide, which acting as a capping agent and responsible for the bioreduction process.
A Survey on Software Cost Estimation Techniques

The ability to accurately estimate the cost needed to complete a specific project has been a challenge over the past decades. For a successful software project, accurate prediction of the cost, time and effort is a very much essential task. This paper presents a systematic review of different models used for software cost estimation which includes algorithmic methods, non-algorithmic methods and learning-oriented methods. The models considered in this review include both the traditional and the recent approaches for software cost estimation. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of software cost estimation models and summarize their strengths, weakness, accuracy, amount of data needed, and validation techniques used. Our findings show, in general, neural network based models outperforms other cost estimation techniques. However, no one technique fits every problem and we recommend practitioners to search for the model that best fit their needs.
A NEW OPTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF REVERSIBLE FULL ADDER USING OPTOELECTRONICS DEVICES

This study introduces a reversible optical fulladder. Also optical NOT and NOR gates are implemented through Electro-Absorption-Modulator / Photo Detector (EAM/PD) pairs, were utilized for fulfilling reversible R gate. Then, reversible fulladder was designed based on the proposed reversible optical R gate. The operation of the suggested fulladder was simulated using Optispice and it was found that the delay time in comparison with VLSI implemented circuit has remarkably improved.
Identification of structural and elemental composition of Cassia obtusifolia

Ahmed AYA, Marouf AAS. 2017. Identification of structural and elemental composition of Cassia obtusifolia. Bioteknologi 14: 12-15. Kawal is a dried fermentation product of the sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) leaves. The people of Sudan and Chad used kawal as a meat substitute. In this study, kawal was obtained from Forbranga western of Darfour as a powder. The objective of this study was identification the chemical compositions of the Kawal. FTIR spectrum and atomic absorption spectrophotometer methods were used. In FTIR experimental procedure, the sample was used as a dried powder. While for the atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma the sample was used after combustion for extracting the minerals (K, P, Na, Mg, Ca, Zn and Fe). The investigations with FTIR showed that the Fermented leaves of C obtusifolia (Kawal) consisted of several types of molecular functional groups: alkyl halide, alkene, a nitro functional group, aromatic, carbonyl, alcohol, esters, ether, and acid and amides. Minerals content in the samples were identified About 2.50% was found is the presence of calcium and the other minerals as Mg 0.66%, P 0.393%, Na 0.165% and K about 1.595%. Moreover, for extracting the Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) minerals of fermented cassia leaves the atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used and found that Zn was 0.665mg/L and Fe consist of the value 15.6411mg/L.
Advancing Environmental Human Health Risk Assessment through Bayesian Network Analysis

Regulatory agencies rely on quantitative risk assessment to design policies, such as environmental quality standards, to protect public health. Although risk assessment forms the foundation of important policy decisions, recent reviews have indicated the need for technical and practical improvements to risk assessment. This dissertation advances the application of Bayesian networks (BNs) in environmental human health risk assessment in response to this need. BNs were developed to support causal inference in artificial intelligence applications but are not currently used by environmental regulatory agencies.
CVD technique assisted, advanced synthesis of WO3-G composites for enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation under visible light illumination

Abstract Progressive WO3-G composites with various WO3 contents were prepared using an easy CVD method, and showed notably enhanced visible-light driven photocatalytic H2 - evolution activities, with the most notable rate of 400 μmol h−1gfeline−1 that was 10.0 times of that for pristine G. The contents and sizes of WO3 crystallites in the composites were well-adjusted by changing the molar proportions of (NH4)2WS4 to C3H6N6 in the feed reagents, which effectively progressed the Z-scheme framework developed by WO3 and G there by sufficiently diminishing the recombination of photo-generated charge carriers in G. In addition, pore volumes and surface areas of the composites were progressively developed by introducing WO3 into G by using the CVD technique, consequently promoting the redox responses to evolve H2. This work presented a successful direction to simultaneously optimize the phase compositions and textural configurations of photocatalysts for upgraded H2 evolution.
How e-learning engagement time affects academic achievement in e-learning environments. A large-scale study of open and distance learners

The literature is considerably rich about engagement and academic achievement in the context of open and distance learning. However, there is limited research that investigates these variables with large scale participants. In this regard, the aim of this research was to investigate causal correlations between e-learning engagement time and academic achievement of open and distance learners according to course subject, dropout, and bounce rate variables. The participants of this study were 323,264 open and distance learners from Anadolu University, Turkey. Throughout this research, open and distance learners’ engagement time levels and their academic achievements are compared. Academic achievement was found to increase significantly when learners engaged more with e-learning materials.
Are Drones Ready for Takeoff? Reflecting on Challenges and Opportunities in Human-Drone Interfaces

Recent technical advances introduced drones into the consumer market. Thus, past research explored drones as levitating objects that provide in-situ interaction and assistance. While specific use cases and feedback scenarios have been researched extensively, technical and social constraints prevent drones from proliferating into daily life. In this work, we present past research in the area of human-drone interaction we conducted. We present technical boundaries and user-based considerations that arose during our research. We discuss our lessons learned and conclude how to deal with current challenges in the area of human-drone interaction.
A PSO Based Modified Multistage Controller for Automatic Generation Control with integrating Renewable Sources and FACT Device

This study focuses on modelling of two area hydro-thermal interconnected system integrated with wind, Small Hydro Plant (SHP) and Solar Thermal Plant (STP). Flexible AC Transmission (FACT) device named as Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and an energy storing element called Super Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit is incorporated in the model. To control and monitor the system, an effective Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimized multistage controller is proposed. The effectiveness of the suggested controller is verified under diverse step and time varying load perturbation. The superiority of controlling action of the proposed controller is also proved to be efficient than other prominent controllers. System stability is analyzed and found to be stable through the establishment of Eigen value analysis and bode plot. Furthermore, the system behavior is studied with various combination of SSSC and SMES in different area simultaneously. To make the analysis more realistic, appropriate time delay is included in the proposed study. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the network by varying the different system parameters, governed through a multistage controller is carried out.
Dynamical Systems in Spiking Neuromorphic Hardware

Dynamical systems are universal computers. They can perceive stimuli, remember, learn from feedback, plan sequences of actions, and coordinate complex behavioural responses. The Neural Engineering Framework (NEF) provides a general recipe to formulate models of such systems as coupled sets of nonlinear differential equations and compile them onto recurrently connected spiking neural networks – akin to a programming language for spiking models of computation. The Nengo software ecosystem supports the NEF and compiles such models onto neuromorphic hardware. In this thesis, we analyze the theory driving the success of the NEF, and expose several core principles underpinning its correctness, scalability, completeness, robustness, and extensibility. We also derive novel theoretical extensions to the framework that enable it to far more effectively leverage a wide variety of dynamics in digital hardware, and to exploit the device-level physics in analog hardware. At the same time, we propose a novel set of spiking algorithms that recruit an optimal nonlinear encoding of time, which we call the Delay Network (DN). Backpropagation across stacked layers of DNs dramatically outperforms stacked Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks—a state-of-the-art deep recurrent architecture—in accuracy and training time, on a continuous-time memory task, and a chaotic time-series prediction benchmark. The basic component of this network is shown to function on state-of-the-art spiking neuromorphic hardware including Braindrop and Loihi. This implementation approaches the energy-efficiency of the human brain in the former case, and the precision of conventional computation in the latter case.
PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI

Pembelajaran yang diselenggarakan di setiap lembaga memiliki peran penting dalam pencapaian tujuan pendidikan. Pembelajaran yang baik harus didukung dengan perencanaan yang baik pula sehingga mulai dari persiapan dan pengevaluasian terhadap proses pembelajaran akan lebih terarah dan tepat sasaran. Lembaga umumnya dan guru khususnya memiliki peran besar terhadap perencanaan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, dalam setiap penyelenggaraan pembelajaran harus selalu memperhatikan beberapa aspek yang ada dalam perencanaan pembelajaran. Pendidikan anak usia dini merupakan pendidikan prasekolah yang didalamnya berisikan kegiatan-kegiatan khusus dan dikemas dalam kegiatan bermain dan perencanaan pembelajaran pendidikan anak usia dini ini harus selalu menyesuaikan dengan tingkat perkembangan anak-anak prasekolah.
Variation of precipitation concentration from 1960 to 2014 in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, China

Based on the daily rainfall data of 127 stations from 1960 to 2014, this study investigated the spatial-temporal variation of PCD (precipitation-concentration degree) and PCP (precipitation-concentration period), and their possible relations with ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River of China. Main results have indicated that, firstly, the mean PCD was generally below 0.5 across the whole study area, with the lower value located in the northeast and south. Besides, there was a positive trend of concentrated precipitation in the west part while negative in the east. Secondly, the mean PCP ranged from May to July and delayed from south to north, along with a trend of advancing rainy season in the central part. In addition, PCD had a positive relation with ONI (Oceanic Nino Index), while PCP negative. El Nino led the rainy season earlier and the precipitation more concentrated. This study could not only shed a light on the understanding of the variation of precipitation pattern, but also provide theoretical support for regional disaster risk governance and water resources management in the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin.
Chromium Ion Uptaken from Soil through Phytoremediation Using Zea Mays and Nicotiana Tabacum

Green technology “phytoremediation” approach was applied in WadiA lsamin in Hebron-Palestine to evaluate the plant efficiency in remediation of soil that is polluted with chromium (Cr). An open field controlled experiment was conducted to assess the efficiency of two plant species, namely corn (Zea mays) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), in remediating the Cr-polluted soil. The concentration of Cr metal was determined in all plant parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) for both plants using ICP-AES. The accumulation of Cr was higher in leaves than in the other plant parts for both plants with order of leaf>stem>root>fruit for corn plant and leaf>stem>fruit>root for tobacco. تم تطبيق التكنولوجيا الخضراء (الزراعة العلاجية) في منطقة وادي السمن (الملوثة بعنصر الكروم) في الخليل لتقييم كفاءة وقدرة نباتات الذرة الشامية و التبغ على امتصاص وتخزين عنصر الكروم في مختلف أجزائهما من اجل تنظيف التربة من هذا العنصر. تم قياس تركيز الكروم في أجراء كلا النباتين (جذر وساق وأوراق وثمار) باستخدام جهاز مطيافية الانبعاث الذري في بلازما المقترنة بالحث . (ICP- AES) ونتائج البحث أوضحت أن تركيز عنصر الكروم في نبات الذرة الشامية في الأوراق اعلي منه في الساق والساق أعلى منه في الجذور والجذور أعلى منه في الثمار أما نبات التبغ أعطى نتائج مختلفة فتركيز عنصر الكروم في الأوراق اعلي منه في الساق والساق أعلى منه في الثمار و الثمار أعلى منه في الجذور
Environmental scanning, supply chain integration, responsiveness, and operational performance

Purpose It remains unclear how environmental scanning (ES) can generate firm performance through supply chain management (SCM) practices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of ES on operational performance through supply chain integration (SCI) and supply chain responsiveness (SCR). Design/methodology/approach The scanning–interpretation–action–performance (SIAP) model and organization information processing theory (OIPT) are used to explain the ES–SCI–SCR–performance (S–I–A–P) relationships, which were tested by structural equation modeling of survey data of 329 manufacturing firms in China. Findings The results indicate that ES has a significant positive effect on SCI and SCR. SCI is significantly and positively related to SCR. SCR partially mediates the relationship between ES and operational performance, and fully mediates the relationship between SCI and operational performance. Practical implications Supply chain managers should collaborate with senior executives to obtain signals from ES activities, as input for building SCI and SCR and use SCI as a joint interpretation mechanism of ES signals for developing SCR to reap operational advantages in the rapidly changing business environment. Originality/value Strategic management academics and practitioners have explicitly emphasized the importance of ES in developing strategic plans but are unsure about the role of SCM in creating operational advantages through ES. Using the SIAP model, this study theorizes and demonstrates how SCI and SCR transform signals from ES into operational performance. In doing so, a more precise application of OIPT is explicated in the supply chain context.
Citationally Enhanced Semantic Literature Based Discovery

Both PGH2 and PGI2 could produce dose-dependent contraction or relaxation of isolated arteries. ” [C0033567|Epoprostenol – CAUSES – C1140999|Contraction] Abstract “As PGI2 is the most potent cerebral vasodilator drug tested, it may be of clinical use in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. ” [C0033567|Epoprostenol – ISA – C0042402|Vasodilator Agents] [C0033567|Epoprostenol – TREATS(SPEC) – C0265110|Cerebral Vasospasm] [C0042402|Vasodilator Agents – TREATS – C0265110|Cerebral Vasospasm] [PMID190267]As PGI2 is the most potent cerebral vasodilator drug tested, it may be of clinical use in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. ” [C0033567|Epoprostenol – ISA – C0042402|Vasodilator Agents] [C0033567|Epoprostenol – TREATS(SPEC) – C0265110|Cerebral Vasospasm] [C0042402|Vasodilator Agents – TREATS – C0265110|Cerebral Vasospasm] [PMID190267] Abstract “In contrast, when arachidonic acid is added directly to platelets, prior incubation with dBcAMP or PGE1 does not inhibit production of the prostaglandins or their metabolites. ” [C0002335|Alprostadil – NEG_INHIBITS – C0033554|Prostaglandins] [C0003695|Arachidonic Acid – NEG_INHIBITS – C0033554|Prostaglandins] Abstract “Furthermore, dBcAMP and PGE1 both inhibit platelet aggregation induced by either arachidonic acid or prostaglandin H2 without affecting the production of prostaglandin metabolites from these compounds. ” [C0002335|Alprostadil – DISRUPTS – C0032176|Platelet aggregation] [C0003695|Arachidonic Acid – AUGMENTS – C0032176|Platelet aggregation] [C0072288|Prostaglandin H2 – AUGMENTS – C0032176|Platelet aggregation] [PMID2408588]In contrast, when arachidonic acid is added directly to platelets, prior incubation with dBcAMP or PGE1 does not inhibit production of the prostaglandins or their metabolites. ” [C0002335|Alprostadil – NEG_INHIBITS – C0033554|Prostaglandins] [C0003695|Arachidonic Acid – NEG_INHIBITS – C0033554|Prostaglandins] Abstract “Furthermore, dBcAMP and PGE1 both inhibit platelet aggregation induced by either arachidonic acid or prostaglandin H2 without affecting the production of prostaglandin metabolites from these compounds. ” [C0002335|Alprostadil – DISRUPTS – C0032176|Platelet aggregation] [C0003695|Arachidonic Acid – AUGMENTS – C0032176|Platelet aggregation] [C0072288|Prostaglandin H2 – AUGMENTS – C0032176|Platelet aggregation] [PMID2408588] Title “Inhibition of platelet aggregation by a new stable prostacyclin introduced in therapy of patients with progressive scleroderma. ” [C0033567|Epoprostenol – DISRUPTS – C0032176|Platelet aggregation]
Integrating technology into young learners' classes: language teachers' perceptions

Abstract To ensure the successful implementation of technology in young learners’ classroom, the significant role of teachers in the appropriate use of related technologies should be considered. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the attitude, knowledge, use, and challenges of English teachers of young learners to integrate technological tools into language classes. Survey data were collected from 95 young learner English language teachers working in language institutes and schools in Iran. The survey was comprised of four parts, namely technological tools questionnaire, teachers' attitude questionnaire, teachers' challenges questionnaire, and 11 open-ended questions. The results of the study revealed that there was a general positive tendency towards the integration of technology into young learner classes. The results also showed that most teachers did not have sufficient pedagogical and technological knowledge to use technology to teach the English language to young learners. The findings also revealed that a large number of teachers were not provided with training courses on the use of technology in young learners' classes; however, they were willing to participate in technology-based professional development programs. Limited computer facilities, teachers’ lack of skills, and lack of support from schools and institutes were found to be the major challenges of using technology in young learners’ classes. The findings of this study encourage other researchers to carry out more in-depth studies on the implementation of technological tools in language classes of young learners.
Identification and characterisation of the restorative hepatic macrophage

15 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 16 The Clinical Burden of Liver Disease . 17 Liver Architecture in Health. 18 Liver Fibrogenesis . 21 The Role of the Hepatic Myofibroblast in Fibrogenesis . 22 Liver Fibrosis Progression – A balance of MMPs and TIMPs . 24 Is Human Liver Fibrosis Reversible? 25 Loss of Hepatic Myofibroblasts in Fibrosis Resolution . 26 Matrix Degradation in Fibrosis Resolution . 27 What Renders Liver Fibrosis Irreversible? 28 The Role of the Immune System in Liver Fibrogenesis and Fibrosis Resolution . 29 Macrophages as Part of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System . 31 Development of Tissue Macrophages . 32 Monocytes as Precursors of Tissue Macrophages . 34 Dendritic Cells – a Distinct Entity? 36 The Spectrum of Macrophage Activation . 37 Phagocytosis as a Modulator of Macrophage Function . 38 Macrophages can Promote Hepatic Fibrosis . 40 Macrophages are Critical for Fibrosis Resolution . 42 Hypothesis . 47