Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HEPATO-RENAL EFFECTS OF CEFOTAXIME IN ALBINO RATS

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the adverse effects of cefotaxime at two different doses on some biochemical parameters in albino rats. Histopathological changes in liver and kidney induced by cefotaxime were also investigated. Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups; the first group was received distilled water and kept as a control. The second group was received cefotaxime (90 mg/kg b. wt), while the third group was received cefotaxime (180 mg/kg b. wt). Cefotaxime at different doses were injected intramuscularly (IM) twice daily at 12 h intervals for 7 consecutive days. Results: The obtained results showed that, cefotaxime produced significant elevation in creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, calcium concentrations and decrease concentrations of both glucose and total protein in the serum of treated rats. Also, cefotaxime caused an elevation in some biochemical parameters as (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-chol) and decrease in albumin, High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-chol) concentrations in serum of treated rats. Histopathological alterations were observed in liver and kidney. Conclusions: It could be concluded that administration of cefotaxime induced some adverse effects on biochemical parameters as well as histopathological changes in liver and kidney.
Ultrasound Guidance Versus Electrical Stimulation for Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Perineural Catheter Insertion

Objective. Electrical stimulation (ES)‐ and ultrasound‐guided placement techniques have been described for infraclavicular brachial plexus perineural catheters but to our knowledge have never been previously compared in a randomized fashion, leaving the optimal method undetermined. We tested the hypothesis that infraclavicular catheters placed via ultrasound guidance alone require less time for placement and produce equivalent results compared with catheters placed solely via ES. Methods. Preoperatively, patients receiving an infraclavicular perineural catheter for distal upper extremity surgery were randomly assigned to either ES with a stimulating catheter or ultrasound guidance with a nonstimulating catheter. The primary outcome was the catheter insertion duration (minutes) starting when the ultrasound transducer (ultrasound group) or catheter placement needle (stimulation group) first touched the patient and ending when the catheter placement needle was removed after catheter insertion. Results. Perineural catheters placed with ultrasound guidance took a median (10th–90th percentile) of 9.0 (6.0–13.2) minutes compared with 15.0 (4.9–30.0) minutes for stimulation (P < .01). All ultrasound‐guided catheters were successfully placed according to the protocol (n = 20) versus 70% in the stimulation group (n = 20; P < .01). All ultrasound‐guided catheters resulted in a successful surgical block, whereas 2 catheters placed by stimulation failed to result in surgical anesthesia. Six catheters (30%) placed via stimulation resulted in vascular punctures compared with none in the ultrasound group (P < .01). Procedure‐related pain scores were similar between groups (P = .34). Conclusions. Placement of infraclavicular perineural catheters takes less time, is more often successful, and results in fewer inadvertent vascular punctures when using ultrasound guidance compared with ES.
Comparison of antibiotic assays using different experimental models and their possible clinical significance.

Different experimental models were applied to study the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in "interstitial fluid" ("i.f.") in rabbits. Two types of tissue cages were used and the results from these experiments were compared with those obtained analysing the antibiotic concentration in the mucous membrane of the oral bucca and maxillary sinus in rabbits. A similar determination was done in the mucous membrane of sinus in man. The concentration of antibiotics in the "i.f. " from steel-net chambers in rabbits closely follows that of the mucous membranes of the maxillary sinus in man and the oral bucca in rabbits. Experimental bacterial infections of the tissue cages resulted in decreased amounts of biologically active antibiotics in the "i.f. " for some antibiotics compared to that of the uninfected cages. An increase of the concentration of antibiotics in the infected cages was noted simultaneously with a decrease in the number of viable bacteria during the healing process. The clinical significance of the models will be discussed.
A RADIOISOTOPIC METHOD FOR MEASURING THE FORMATION OF ADENOSINE 3′,5′‐CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE IN INCUBATED SLICES OF BRAIN

Abstract— A simple and sensitive method for measuring the effect of neurohormones and other chemical agents on the formation of adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic 3′,5′‐AMP) in incubated slices of brain was developed. The principle of the method depends on pulse‐labelling of adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate in slices of brain with [8‐14C]adenine, followed by incubation in a medium containing the test substance, separation by thin‐layer chromatography of the cyclic nucleotide formed in the slices, and radioassay. The purity of the cyclic nucleotide was confirmed by chromatography in a variety of systems and by hydrolysis with a specific, bovine‐heart phosphodiesterase. The method was used to study the effect of histamine, norepinephrine, and adenosine on the accumulation of adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate in incubated slices of brain.
Energetics of small hydrogen–vacancy clusters in bcc iron

Hydrogen may be trapped in voids in iron, leading to undesirable material properties. In this paper, the energetics of small hydrogen–vacancy clusters in body centered cubic iron are investigated. Results from two interatomic potentials are compared. We use molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods to find the minimum energy configurations of voids of up to ten vacancies containing up to 50 hydrogen atoms with ratios of hydrogen to vacancy of 10 or less. The formation energies and binding energies of defects to these clusters are calculated. Our results indicate that the hydrogen stabilizes bubbles by causing vacancies to be more tightly bound to clusters, while neighboring irons are less tightly bound. Hydrogen itself becomes less well bound to clusters as the inventory increases. The more physically relevant potential indicates a maximum supported ratio of hydrogen atoms to vacancies of about 4.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma: A Promising Complementary Therapy for Squamous Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the 7th most common cancer worldwide. Despite the development of new therapeutic agents such as monoclonal antibodies, prognosis did not change for the last decades. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) presents the most promising new technology in cancer treatment. In this study the efficacy of a surface micro discharging (SMD) plasma device against two head and neck cancer cell lines was proved. Effects on the cell viability, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis induction were evaluated with the MTT assay, alkaline microgel electrophoresis (comet assay) and Annexin-V/PI staining. MTT assay revealed that the CAP treatment markedly decreases the cell viability for all tested treatment times (30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 s). IC 50 was reached within maximal 120 seconds of CAP treatment. Comet assay analysis showed a dose dependent high DNA fragmentation being one of the key players in anti-cancer activity of CAP. Annexin-V/PI staining revealed induction of apoptosis in CAP treated HNSCC cell lines but no significant dose dependency was seen. Thus, we confirmed that SMD Plasma technology is definitely a promising new approach on cancer treatment.
Statistical inference for correlated data in ophthalmologic studies

In ophthalmologic studies, each subject usually contributes important information for each of two eyes and the values from the two eyes are generally highly correlated. Previous studies showed that test procedures for binary paired data that ignore the presence of intraclass correlation could lead to inflated significance levels. Furthermore, it is possible that asymptotic versions of these procedures that take the intraclass correlation into account could also produce unacceptably high type I error rates when the sample size is small or the data structure is sparse. We propose two alternatives for these situations, namely the exact unconditional and approximate unconditional procedures. According to our simulation results, the exact procedures usually produce extremely conservative empirical type I error rates. That is, the corresponding type I error rates could greatly underestimate the pre‐assigned nominal level (e.g. (empirical type I error rate/nominal type I error rate) 0.8). On the other hand, the approximate unconditional procedures usually yield empirical type I error rates close to the pre‐chosen nominal level. We illustrate our methodologies with a data set from a retinal detachment study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single measurement with 51Cr-tagged red cells or 125I-labeled human serum albumin in the prediction of fractional and whole blood volumes: an assessment of the limitations

This study investigated variations in the prediction of blood volumes from a single measurement of red cell volume (RCV) with 51Cr or plasma volume (PV) with 125I human serum albumin (HSA). In 111 subjects, fractional and whole blood volumes were estimated from separate direct measurements of RCV and PV. The f ratio (body to venous hematocrit) was also determined. There was a very good correlation between 125I-HSA measured PV (2857 ± 822 ml) and that estimated with 51Cr-tagged red blood cells (2864 ± 747 ml) (r = 0.936, p = 0.000) and also between 51Cr measured RCV (2600 ± 774 ml) and that estimated with 125I-HSA (2589 ± 843 ml) (r = 0.944, p = 0.000). The 95% limits of agreement (mean ± 2SD of differences, relative to the mean of paired data) ranged −0.2% ± 20.3% and 0.4% ± 21.4%, respectively. The 95% prediction intervals of measured from estimated fractional blood volumes spanned ±20.3% and ±19.5%, respectively, relative to the predicted values with regression equations. Proportional degrees of inaccuracy were found in whole blood volume estimations. The f ratio was inconstant and correlated with PV and the body hematocrit. We conclude that blood volumes can be determined reliabily only with direct measurements of RCV and PV. Estimated blood volumes may lead to misconceptions.
Positive peritoneal cytology at interval surgery is a poor prognostic factor in patients with stage T3c advanced ovarian carcinoma: A retrospective study

The purpose of our study is to investigate clinically significant prognostic factors at the time of interval surgery (IS), comprising interval look surgery and interval debulking surgery, for T3c (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIc to IV) advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) patients during primary treatment.
Vegetarianism in India

S322 T Indian meal pattern is affected by the kinds of foods available. For example, rice is grown in certain parts of the country, and it forms the staple in those regions. Similarly, wheat, jawar (barley), bajra (millet), makka (corn), and ragi (finger millet) are used as staples where they are the major crops. The kinds and amount of food eaten are affected by the money that can be spent for food. The family’s meal pattern is dictated by geographic region, religion, and community and family practices that have developed over several generations (1). The dals (dried legumes—lentils, beans, peas), vegetables, and fruits that are habitually included in the Indian menu are mainly those that form part of the regional meal pattern. Even as Indians move to other regions for work or business, they tend to retain much of their food heritage. For example, Punjabis residing in Bombay or Calcutta retain their food pattern, which includes wheat paratha (a griddle-fried bread), rajmah (red kidney beans), palak (spinach), peas, and so on. A Tamilian in similar situation would include rice and sambar (spicy vegetable and dal stew) made with vegetables such as ash gourd and amaranth (1). With regard to nutrition, it makes little difference whether the leafy vegetable used is amaranth or palak, for both provide provitamin A in substantial amounts. Thus, regional patterns can meet the nutritional needs of people if sufficient food from each of the groups is included. The particular foods chosen from each group and the way they are prepared is a matter of individual choice. In addition to the regional variations in food acceptance patterns, two major dietary patterns are prevalent throughout the world: vegetarian and non vegetarian.
Identifying group-wise consistent sub-networks via spatial sparse representation of natural stimulus FMRI data

Natural stimulus fMRI has been increasingly used in the brain imaging and brain mapping fields thanks to its more realistic stimulation of the brain's perceptive and cognitive systems. However, identifying consistent functional networks across different brains in natural stimulus fMRI data has been challenging due to the intrinsic variability of individual brain's responses and a variety of sources of noises. Inspired by recent promising results of sparse representation of whole-brain fMRI data, in this paper, we present a novel hybrid temporal and spatial sparse representation of whole-brain natural stimulus fMRI data for the inference of common functional networks across fMRI sessions and individual brains. Experimental results on natural stimulus fMRI dataset demonstrated the effectiveness of this framework.
The activation of mechanisms linking judgements of work design and management with musculoskeletal pain

The report of work-related musculoskeletal pain may be related to worker evaluations of the design and management of work through two mechanisms: one biomechanical and the other stress-related. This study of engineering workers (n = 204) explored the validity of these mechanisms using sequential logistic regression. Analyses suggested that workers' ratings of the adequacy of the design and management of their work were related to their report of work-related musculoskeletal pain. However, the mechanisms appeared to be activated in certain conditions. The reporting of pain in the upper body was both biomechanically- and stress-related, whereas that in the lower body was only biomechanically-related. It is argued that the mechanism activated appeared to be determined by the anatomical location of the pain, and probably the variance shared between the different aspects of work design and management, on the one hand, and the mechanical load of the job, on the other.
Independent segregation of NZB immune abnormalities in NZB X C58 recombinant inbred mice

The study of NZB X C58 recombinant inbred mouse strains has revealed independent segregation of naturally occurring thymocytotoxic antibody and Coombs' anti‐erythrocyte autoantibody. The lack of concordance of either of these autoantibodies with known heavy and light chain markers suggests that the autoantibodies are produced as a result of regulatory gene defects rather than alterations of antibody structural genes. Further, lack of concordance of the various autoimmune traits with eachother or with H‐2 or virus expression suggests that the autoimmune phenotype is not the result of a single “autoimmunity” gene but rather the outcome of faulty regulation of a number of independently segregating genes.
Evidence for the efficacy and safety of tolterodine in the treatment of overactive bladder

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic and prevalent condition, the symptoms of which (urinary frequency and urgency, with or without urge incontinence) can exert a profound negative effect on a person’s daily life activities. Tolterodine (Detrol® in North America and Detrusitol® in the rest of the world, Pharmacia), a competitive muscarinic antagonist, is the first agent of this class to be specifically developed for the treatment of OAB. This agent displays in vivo functional selectivity for the bladder over other tissues that contain muscarinic receptors (e.g., salivary glands, eye), which translates into good efficacy and tolerability in patients with OAB (including the elderly). Comparative, randomised, double-blind studies show that tolterodine (administered as immediate-release [IR] tablets 2 mg b.i.d.) is as effective as oxybutynin (5 mg t.i.d.) in improving all of the troublesome symptoms of OAB but with a significantly lower incidence and severity of dry mouth. The advent of a new extended-release (ER) capsule formulation of tolterodine (4 mg) for convenient once-daily treatment builds upon these findings, with significantly improved efficacy for reducing urge incontinence episodes and a lower frequency of dry mouth relative to the existing IR tablet (2 mg b.i.d.). Tolterodine can therefore be considered a valuable, well-tolerated treatment option for patients with OAB, providing improvements in symptoms that are both clinically meaningful to patients and sustained during long-term treatment.
Numerical simulation of dynamic wind load of the foot-bridge

Pedestrian bridge structures are usually sensitive to the effects of wind due to their relatively high slimness and low weight. The arising forces can excite both oscillation in the direction of the wind and also crosswise torsion-flexure oscillation which can result in a local or (in the case of coupled torsion-flexure oscillation) complete loss of aerodynamic stability of the structure. This study examines, among others, the influence of the parapet on the resultant force affecting the profile of the bridge deck. It is possible to consider partially permeable panels made from perforated metal sheets with the use of a so-called porous medium. However, the evaluation of the force which affects this part of the structure is relatively difficult. For this reason, two ultimate variants were examined: a bridge deck with a perfectly permeable parapet and another with a non-permeable parapet. Transverse oscillations of the cross-section known as a galloping are referenced and a quasi-static approach of its solution is adopted. Basic assumptions for arise of these vibration produced instabilities are named.
Role of the Perioperative Surgical Home in Optimizing the Perioperative Use of Opioids

Several federal agencies have recently noted that the United States is in the midst of an unprecedented “opioid epidemic,” with an increasing number of opioid-related overdoses and deaths. Providers currently face 3 population-level, public health challenges in providing optimal perioperative pain care: (1) the continued lack of overall improvement in the excessive incidence of inadequately treated postoperative pain, (2) minimizing or preventing postoperative opioid-related side effects, and (3) addressing current opioid prescribing patterns, and the accompanying problematic surge in prescription opioid diversion, misuse, abuse, addiction, and overdose. In the Perioperative Surgical Home model, anesthesiologists and other pain medicine specialists are uniquely qualified and positioned to develop, implement, and coordinate a comprehensive perioperative analgesic plan, which begins with the formal preoperative patient assessment and continues throughout the postdischarge, convalescence period. The scope and practice of pain management within the Perioperative Surgical Home should thus (a) expand to include routine preoperative patient-level pain-risk stratification (including the chronic use of opioid and nonopioid analgesics), (b) address the multitude of biopsychosocial factors that contribute to interpatient pain variability, and (c) extend and be well coordinated across all 4 phases of the surgical pain experience (preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and postdischarge). Specifically, safe and effective perioperative pain management should include a plan of care that is tailored to the individual patient’s underlying disease(s), presence of a chronic pain condition and preoperative use of opioids, and the specific surgical procedure—with evidence-based, multimodal analgesic regimens being applied in the vast majority of cases. An iteratively evolutionary component of an existing institutional Perioperative Surgical Home program can be an integrated Transitional Pain Service, which is modeled directly after the well-established prototype at the Toronto General Hospital in Ontario, Canada. This multidisciplinary, perioperative Transitional Pain Service seeks to modify the pain trajectories of patients who are at increased risk of (a) long-term, increasing, excessive opioid consumption and/or (b) developing chronic postsurgical pain. Like the Perioperative Surgical Home program in which it can be logically integrated, such a Transitional Pain Service can serve as the needed but missing linkage to improve the continuum of care and perioperative pain management for elective, urgent, and emergent surgery. Even if successfully and cost-efficiently embedded within an existing Perioperative Surgical Home, a new perioperative Transitional Pain Service will require additional resources.
Methylation-sensitive Regulation of TMS1/ASC by the Ets Factor, GA-binding Protein-α*

Epigenetic silencing involving the aberrant DNA methylation of promoter-associated CpG islands is one mechanism leading to the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this event remains poorly understood. TMS1/ASC is a novel proapoptotic signaling factor that is subject to epigenetic silencing in human breast and other cancers. The TMS1 promoter is embedded within a CpG island that is unmethylated in normal cells and is spanned by three DNase I-hypersensitive sites (HS). Silencing of TMS1 in cancer cells is accompanied by local alterations in histone modification, remodeling of the HS, and hypermethylation of DNA. In this study, we probed the functional significance of the CpG island-specific HS. We identified a methylation-sensitive complex that bound a 55-bp intronic element corresponding to HS2. Affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry identified a component of this complex to be the GA-binding protein (GABP) α. Supershift analysis indicated that the GABPα binding partner, GABPβ1, was also present in the complex. The HS2 element conferred a 3-fold enhancement in TMS1 promoter activity, which was dependent on both intact tandem ets binding sites and the presence of GABPα/β1 in trans. GABPα was selectively enriched at HS2 in human cells, and its occupancy was inversely correlated with CpG island methylation. Down-regulation of GABPα led to a concomitant decrease in TMS1 expression. These data indicate that the intronic HS2 element acts in cis to maintain transcriptional competency at the TMS1 locus and that this activity is mediated by the ets transcription factor, GABPα.