Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the gender productivity gap in science: a meta-analytical review

Women underrepresentation in science has frequently been associated with women being less productive than men (i.e. the gender productivity gap), which may be explained by women having lower success rates, producing science of lower impact and/or suffering gender bias. By performing global meta-analyses, we show that there is a gender productivity gap mostly supported by a larger scientific production ascribed to men. However, women and men show similar success rates when the researchers' work is directly evaluated (i.e. publishing articles). Men's success rate is higher only in productivity proxies involving peer recognition (e.g. evaluation committees, academic positions). Men's articles showed a tendency to have higher global impact but only if studies include self-citations. We detected gender bias against women in research fields where women are underrepresented (i.e. those different from Psychology). Historical numerical unbalance, socio-psychological aspects and cultural factors may influence differences in success rate, science impact and gender bias. Thus, the maintenance of a women-unfriendly academic and non-academic environment may perpetuate the gender productivity gap. New policies to build a more egalitarian and heterogeneous scientific community and society are needed to close the gender gap in science.
Computer-Assisted Historical Occupation Coding

The Center for Population Economics has recently implemented a recommender system for computer-assisted coding (CAC) of historical occupation descriptions. The system will be used to code occupation descriptions into standard occupation categories. We describe the task and the system, and discuss certain theoretical and practical issues which have arisen during its implementation, as well as their implications for Automated Text Categorization (ATC).
The KIT Prosthetic Hand: Design and Control

The development and control of prosthetic hands is an active research area and recently progress in mechatronics, sensor integration and innovative control has been made. However, integration of different components into a prosthetic hand remains challenging due to space constraints, the requirements regarding holistic integration and the need for a user interface. In this paper, we present the KIT prosthetic hand, a novel five-finger 3D printed hand prosthesis, with its underactuated mechanism, sensors and embedded control system. The hand mechanics is based on the underactuated TUAT/Karlsruhe mechanism with two motors actuating 10 degrees of freedom. The mechanism has been realized in 3D printing technologies to facilitate a personalization of the prosthetic hand in terms of size and kinematic parameters. The prosthesis has been designed as a 50th percentile male hand. It integrates an advanced embedded system as well as an RGB camera in the base of the palm and a colour display in the back of the hand. Experiments indicate a finger tip force of 7.48 N to 11.82 N, a hook grasp force of 120 N and a hand closing time of ∼ 1.3 s.
Medico-Legal Age Estimation in Living Individual from a Portuguese Population: Third Molar Mineralization

According to the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics (AGFAD), the radiological evaluation of third molar mineralization is a major criterion for chronological age estimation of living individuals. This investigation studied third molar development in 329 orthopantomograms (40.4% males) of Portuguese individuals, patients of Dental Medicine Faculty of Lisbon University, with an age range between 14,0 to 22,8 years, through five different methods (Demirjian, Haavikko, Harris and Nortje, Kullman and Solari). The results show a better correlation, between real and estimated age, in Demirjian and Solari methods. Demirjian method was used to analyse the other results statistical variables. Third molar development occurs earlier, in average 9 months, in males, in stages D-G. In stage H there’s no significant difference. There’s no significant difference between mineralization of molars in the same arch, however, in the inter-arch comparison, the maxillary molars have a premature development, statistically different in stages F (males), G and H. The age 18 is reach in stage G and H, respectively, by females and males. Under the Portuguese Penal Code, section 19, the age is one of the factors of exceptional of criminal responsibility. For criminal pursuit, they state being minor than 16 years of age. This limit is reached for both sexes in the stadium F. However in any stage we can deduce the majority or minority in relation to the age of criminal responsibility. New studies about the influence of socioeconomic and genetic factors, in third molar development, are necessary.
Understanding down-regulation of photosynthesis under water stress: future prospects and searching for physiological tools for irrigation management

Photosynthetic down-regulation and/or inhibition under water stress conditions are determinants for plant growth, survival and yield in drought-prone areas. Current knowledge about the sequence of metabolic events that leads to complete inhibition of photosynthesis under severe water stress is reviewed. An analysis of published data reveals that a key regulatory role for Rubisco in photosynthesis is improbable under water stress conditions. By contrast, the little data available for other Calvin cycle enzymes suggest the possibility of a key regulatory role for some enzymes involved in the regeneration of RuBP. There are insufficient data to determine the role of photophosphorylation. Several important gaps in our knowledge of this field are highlighted. The most important is the remarkable scarcity of data about the regulation/inhibition of photosynthetic enzymes other than Rubisco under water stress. Consequently, new experiments are urgently needed to improve our current understanding of photosynthetic down-regulation under water stress. A second gap is the lack of knowledge of photosynthetic recovery after irrigation of plants which have been subjected to different stages of water stress. This knowledge is necessary in order to match physiological down-regulation by water stress with controlled irrigation programmes.
Spillover Theory: Unintended Consequences of Provisions in the Affordable Care Act

Objective: To explore spillover effects of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) on hospital Medicare Advantage and privately insured beneficiaries. Data Sources/Study Setting: Health Care Utilization Project’s (HCUP) State Inpatient Database (SID) administrative claims data to calculate condition-specific thirty-day preventable readmissions. American Hospital Association (AHA) data, Interstudy Commercial Managed Care, and Area Health Resource File (AHRF) were used to determine hospital, managed care, and county-level characteristics. Study Design: Ordinary Least Squares and difference-in-difference regression analyses were used to estimate the effect of the HRRP on Medicare and the spillover effect on Medicare Advantage and private insurance condition-specific and all-cause thirty-day preventable readmissions. Findings were compared across payer type. Principal Findings: Overall, hospitals experienced a significant 1.73% and 3.11% decrease in Medicare congestive heart failure (CHF) and pneumonia (PN) thirty-day preventable readmissions compared to the privately insured after the HRRP, respectively. There were no differences between Medicare FFS and Medicare Advantage for condition-specific targeted readmissions. Hospitals displayed a 1% decrease in Medicare FFS and Medicare Advantage allcause readmissions after the HRRP, suggesting a positive spillover. There was no spillover for private insurance. Conclusions: In general, the HRRP may have created a positive spillover for Medicare Advantage and hospitals may be reducing readmissions through a comprehensive approach.
Di-LSTM Contrast : A Deep Neural Network for Metaphor Detection

The contrast between the contextual and general meaning of a word serves as an important clue for detecting its metaphoricity. In this paper, we present a deep neural architecture for metaphor detection which exploits this contrast. Additionally, we also use cost-sensitive learning by re-weighting examples, and baseline features like concreteness ratings, POS and WordNet-based features. The best performing system of ours achieves an overall F1 score of 0.570 on All POS category and 0.605 on the Verbs category at the Metaphor Shared Task 2018.
22nd Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics

The XXII Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, jointly organized by the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, and the Physics Department of Stanford University, was held on December 13-17, 2004. Following the tradition of past Texas Symposia the presentations emphasized recent developments in Cosmology, High Energy Astrophysics and the frontiers between these and Gravitation and Particle Physics. This Symposium was attended by more than 500 colleagues from a spectrum of disciplines mentioned above. There were 9 Plenary Sessions, 3 Parallel Sessions and 2 Poster Sessions held during the five-day program, with 76 oral and 240 poster presentations. These are now documented on CD and in the eConf proceedings archive. Funding of $15,000 received from the DOE under award DE-FG02-05ER41362 was used for expenses related to facility, local transportation and administrative expenses.
A review of the welfare consequences of surgical castration in piglets and the evaluation of non-surgical methods

Male piglets are castrated primarily to prevent the unpleasant odours and flavours of entire male pig meat (boar-taint). Although castration can be legally performed without analgesia in the first seven days of life, available evidence shows that castration at any age is painful and may have a detrimental influence on health. Few anaesthetics or analgesics are licensed for use in piglets. The known methods for general and epidural anaesthesia cannot be run at the farm level for practical and/or legal reasons. Use of the local anaesthetic lidocaine is easy and allows the pain resulting from castration to be alleviated. Local destruction of testicular tissue by intra-testicular injection of chemical compounds (salts and acids) is an alternative to surgical castration but needs further investigation regarding welfare improvement and boar taint reduction. Immunocastration, by which castration is achieved using active immunisation (anti–GnRH immunisation) is an efficient alternative to surgical castration; however, there are no licensed vaccines in the EU and the consequences, in terms of pig welfare as well as its acceptability among EU consumers, need further evaluation.
Co-Infection of Malaria and Typhoid Fever among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Centre, Ojo Local Government, Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Co-infection of malaria and typhoid can result in serious complications and conditions in pregnant women. Objectives: This research was carried out to investigate the co-infection of malaria and typhoid fever among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Primary Health Care centre, Oto-Awori Local Council Development Area (LCDA) in Ojo Local Government, Lagos. Methods: 170 blood samples of pregnant women were examined for the presence of malaria parasite and typhoid fever using standard methods and compared with equal number of non-pregnant women (170). Co-infection was characterized based on age group, trimester, gravidal, education status and employment status. Women’s data were collected through questionnaires. Results: Prevalence of co-infection of malaria and typhoid in pregnant women was high in age group 26-35 years 50 (63.3%), 50 (63.3%) of women in second trimester had coinfection, high prevalence of co-infection was observed in gravidal Co-infection of malaria and typhoid were high among the pregnant women of gravidal 1, 2 and 3. Also, co-infection of malaria and typhoid was high among women with secondary 41 (51.9%) and tertiary 31 (39.2%) education, semi-skilled women 37 (46.8%) and respondents had good knowledge of malaria and typhoid. Conclusions: This study revealed the prevalence of coinfections among the pregnant women; hence more attention should be given to this group.
Automatic Optic Disc Center and Boundary Detection in Color Fundus Images

Accurately detection of retinal landmarks, like optic disc, is an important step in the computer aided diagnosis frameworks. This paper presents an efficient method for automatic detection of the optic disc’s center and estimating its boundary. The center and initial diameter of optic disc are estimated by employing an ANN classifier. The ANN classifier employs visual features of vessels and their background tissue to classify extracted main vessels of retina into two groups: the vessels inside the optic disc and the vessels outside the optic disc. To this end, average intensity values and standard deviation of RGB channels, average width and orientation of the vessels and density of the detected vessels their junction points in a window around each central pixel of main vessels are employed. The center of detected vessels, which are belonging to the inside of the optic disc region, is adopted as the optic disc center and the average length of them in vertical and horizontal directions is selected as initial diameter of the optic disc circle. Then exact boundary of the optic disc is extracted using radial analysis of the initial circle. The performance of the proposed method is measured on the publicly available DRIONS, DRIVE and DIARETDB1 databases and compared with several state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method shows much higher mean overlap (70.6%) in the same range of detection accuracy (97.7%) and center distance (12 pixels). The average sensitivity and predictive values of the proposed optic disc detection method are 80.3% and 84.6% respectively.
Pathological findings in fetuses of goats and cattle poisoned by Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae)

In Brazil, the consumption of Sida carpinifolia by livestock has been associated with neurological diseases linked to lysosomal storage disorders. This paper describes the pathological findings in two caprine fetuses from dams that were experimentally poisoned with S. carpinifolia. The goats were orally dosed with 10 and 13g/kg of a paste of green chopped S. carpinifolia for 30 days and were observed for an additional 15 days period after the last dosage with the plant; thereafter they were euthanized and necropsied. The dams showed only slight clinical signs. The study also includes the findings in one bovine fetus from a naturally S. carpinifolia poisoned cow which showed mild incoordination, generalized tremors, staggering, and frequent falls. The cow was euthanized and necropsied. While there were no significant histopathological changes in the goats, in the cow vacuolation of Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum, pancreatic acinar cells, and thyroid follicular cells were observed. The main microscopic changes observed in the caprine and bovine fetuses were vacuolation in the epithelium of renal tubules, thyroid follicular cells, and Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. Transmission electron microscopy of sections from CNS of the cow and its fetus revealed vacuoles containing fine granular material surrounded by membrane. Lectin-histochemistry of CNS sections from goat fetuses marked lightly to sWGA lectins, WGA, and Con-A.
Food Preferences of School Age Children and Adolescents in an Ohio School District

Please note that this study was published before the implementation of Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, which went into effect during the 2012-13 school year, and its provision for Smart Snacks Nutrition Standards for Competitive Food in Schools, implemented during the 2014-15 school year. As such, certain research may not be relevant today. ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify food preferences of school age children and adolescents in an Ohio school district. Methods A survey was administered to 1,818 3rd-12th grade students in one school district in Ohio. Students who volunteered to participate filled out an anonymous questionnaire about their preferences for 80 different foods using a 5-point rating scale. Students were placed into three groups: elementary (3rd-6th), middle (7-8th), and high school (9-12th). Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine if the entrees and the side dish food items could be meaningfully grouped into factors. Cronbach’ s alpha was calculated for each factor to assess reliability. Analysis of variance was used to examine differences in mean values for each factor by grade level of the respondents.
Impacts of blackwater co-digestion on biogas production in the municipal wastewater treatment sector using pilot-scale UASB and CSTR reactors

aChair of Sanitary Engineering and Water Recycling, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, email: stephan.wasielewski@iswa.uni-stuttgart.de (S. Wasielewski) bChair of Resource-Efficient Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 14, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany, emails: carlo.morandi@bauing.uni-kl.de (C.G. Morandi), heidrun.steinmetz@bauing.uni-kl.de (H. Steinmetz)
Detecção de Duplicados em Bases de Dados XML

Fuzzy duplicate detection aims at identifying multiple representations of real-world objects stored in a data source, and is a task of critical practical relevance in data cleaning, data mining, or data integration. It has a long history for relational data stored in a single table (or in multiple tables with equal schema). Algorithms for fuzzy duplicate detection in more complex structures, e.g., hierarchies of a data warehouse, XML data, or graph data have only recently emerged. These algorithms use similarity measures that consider the duplicate status of their direct neighbors, e.g., children in hierarchical data, to improve duplicate detection effectiveness. In this paper, we propose a novel method for fuzzy duplicate detection in hierarchical and semi-structured XML data. Unlike previous approaches, it not only considers the duplicate status of children, but rather the probability of descendants being duplicates. Probabilities are computed efficiently using a Bayesian network. Experiments show the proposed algorithm is able to maintain high precision and recall values, even when dealing with data containing a high amount of errors and missing information. Our proposal is also able to outperform a state-of-the-art duplicate detection system on three different XML databases.
A cross‐cultural exploratory content analysis of the perception of luxury from six countries

Purpose - The authors' research was carried out with the aim of analyzing perception of luxury and luxury brands among an international sample of young people. Design/methodology/approach - This article was based on an empirical study among 233 respondents. First, a qualitative analysis of content using the respondents' own words was conducted. Then, to show whether there are differences between countries and significant groups of countries, an analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was performed and analyzed with Fisher F-test and post-hoc Duncan tests. Findings - Beyond the belief in the existence of two stable groups of developed and developing countries with regard to luxury, this study shows a situation that requires further analysis. The main results show some strong cross-cultural differences in the perception of luxury, which is multi-faceted as demonstrated by previous studies in this field. Research limitations/implications - Results of this exploratory study confirm that the concept of luxury presents multiple facets, and the authors' analysis provides an in-depth survey of the main categories and attributes that can be used to describe this concept. Although this study was only exploratory in nature, a number of comments can be made to highlight the congruence between the concept of luxury for young people and recent academic literature. Practical implications - To maintain their brand equity, companies in the luxury sector seek to improve their image within younger targets. Managerial implications of the authors' research indicate that international luxury companies should take into consideration the multi-faceted concept of luxury in general, but also the main differences between countries in the continuum between the "status" and "emotional" dimensions of luxury. According to the authors' research, luxury companies cannot adopt a global strategy when addressing the six countries analyzed. Some managerial recommendations are developed in this perspective. Originality/value - The additional value of this article stems from its reliance on a cross-cultural in-depth study between six countries (Italy, France, Germany, China, Japan, and USA). The balance between qualitative and quantitative techniques makes this article particularly relevant when drawing both conceptual and managerial conclusions.
Normal echocardiographic findings in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep.

Introduction Echocardiography or cardiac ultrasonography is currently considered an important non-invasive diagnostic technique for evaluating structural and functional values of the cardio-vascular system, heart chamber size, wall thickness and motion, anatomy and movement of the valves, great vessels and pericardium, being a useful technique for diagnosing cardiovascular disease in animals (Amory et al 1991). This harmless technique is particularly suitable when is repeated and frequent measurements are required for research or clinical purposes (Amory et al 1992; Crippa et al 1992; Yadegari et al 2013). The Lori-Bakhtiari sheep is one of the most common native breeds and the largest fat-tail size among all the Iranian fattailed breeds in Iran (Talebi et al 2007; Vatankhah 2013). Due to the long history diversity of this breed and few information about echocardiography in sheep (Talebi et al 2007), it is important to studying and research (on different paraclinical parameters) on this breed. For longitudinal studies to be undertaken and individual cases to be evaluated by different clinicians, knowledge of the reliability of these measurements is required. To the authors’ knowledge, no studies have been undertaken evaluating technique and measurement reliability of echocardiographic parameters in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep. There are no studies reporting a full set of cardiac dimensions and time indices in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep, although one study has reported in adult sheep (Hallowell et al 2012). The aim of the study was to establish normal reference echocardiographic value in the Lori-Bakhtiari sheep. Methods for obtaining echocardiograms based on external anatomical landmarks have been described (Bonagura et al 1985; Carlsten 1987) and adapted for obtaining quantitative measurements based upon internal land marks by other authors (Reef 1990; Long et al 1992) in horses previously. These guidelines have been used in this study in order to ensure consistent images and thus measurements are obtained.