Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey Instrument Validity Part II: Validation of a Survey Instrument Examining Athletic Trainers' Knowledge and Practice Beliefs Regarding Exertional Heat Stroke

Context: Instrument validation is an important component to sound survey research methods. Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss the process of developing and validating an instrument to investigate an athletic trainer's attitudes and behaviors regarding the recognition and treatment of exertional heat stroke. Background: Following up from our initial paper, which discussed the process of survey instrument design and validation, we present the practical application of those general guidelines as described by Netemeyer and colleagues. Description: There are four basic steps to developing a valid survey instrument: (1) defining the construct, (2) item development and judgment, (3) designing and conducting studies to develop a survey, and (4) finalizing the instrument. Following these steps, we present our survey instrument used to evaluate an athletic trainer's knowledge and practice beliefs regarding exertional heat stroke. Conclusions: Following the process of survey development and validat.
fermentación in vitro de dietas basadas en Megathyrsus maximus y Leucaena leucocephala Influence of the complementation with sugarcane and / or citrus fruit pulp on the in vitro fermentation of diets based on Megathyrsus maximus and Leucaena leucocephala

A study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the substitution of sugarcane by citrus fruit pulp (CFP) on the in vitro gas production kinetics and the energy utilization of diets based on M. maximus and L. leucocephala. For such purpose, a completely randomized design was used with three levels: 0 (control), 50 % (CFP10) and 100 % (CFP20) and three repetitions. The diets were incubated in vitro (96 h) with rumen inoculant from cows. The GP was measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation. Parameters of ruminal fermentation were estimated such as: organic matter digestibility (OMD24), in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD96), metabolizable energy (ME) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The substitution of sugarcane by CFP linearly increased (p < 0,001) the GP accumulated at 24, 48 and 96 h of incubation, as well as the asymptotic gas production (b), fractional gas production rate (c), OMD24, ME and SCFAs. It also increased linearly (p < 0,01) the IVDMD96; while the lag phase (L) linearly decreased (p < 0,001). The diets CFP10 and CFP20 showed a similar performance in most parameters, except in OMD24 and production of SCFAs. The results suggest that the partial as well as total substitution of sugarcane by CFP has a positive impact on the gas production and on the parameters of in vitro ruminal fermentation.
USING GENETIC ADMIXTURE AND LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE POLYMORPHISMS TO EXPLAIN VARIATIONS IN PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES AND HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN PREMENOPAUASAL AFRICAN AND EUROPEAN AMERICAN FEMALES

Although African Americans (AA) are well known to be more obese and more insulin resistant than European Americas (EA), several studies have shown that AA have lower plasma triglyceride (TG) and higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The reasons for these levels of TG and HDL-C are not understood, and scientists have suggested a role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a key regulator of TG rich lipoproteins metabolism that is also thought to indirectly affect HDL-C metabolism. To investigate the extent to which these observed differences in TG and HDL-C are due to genetic makeup, we investigated the role of genetic admixture and two polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL RS285 and LPL RS250) in a sample of 255 AA and EA premenopausal females. To control for the confounding effect of other variables known to affect plasma TG and HDL-C and to differ between AA and EA, measures of adiposity, insulin resistance and secretion, and socioeconomic status were included as covariates in statistical models testing for the contributions of African genetic admixture to plasma levels of TG and HDL-C and for the presence of the gene polymorphism after adjusting for ancestral genetic background. Our results showed that both African genetic admixture and LPL RS285 explained significant portion of plasma TG variation (p< 0.001, p = 0.02, respectively). No significant association was found between African genetic admixture or LPL RS285 and HDL-C, neither between LPL RS250 or the outcomes of interest. In conclu-
HYPERLIPIDEMIA INDUCED BY ATHEROGENIC DIET ENHANCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE KIDNEY AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES : AN IN-VIVO STUDY

This study evaluated inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic condition induced by high lipid diet. Atherogenic diet prepared by enriching standard diet with 0.2% cholesterol and 0.6% groundnut oil was given to a set of rats while standard diet was given to control rats. Markers of inflammatory processes (interleukin 2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha), oxidative stress index (malondialdehyde), markers of renal damage (urea and creatinine), proand antioxidant elements (copper, zinc, iron, manganese, chromium, and calcium) were investigated and compared in the two groups. Results showed increased concentrations of serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum very low density lipoproteins; tissue total cholesterol and triglycerides in rats given atherogenic diet. In group where atherogenic diet induced high lipids concentrations, enhanced inflammatory processes, oxidative stress in the kidney, as well as higher serum concentrations of proand anti-oxidant elements were observed when compared with control rats. Conclusively, hyperlipidemia enhanced oxidative stress in renal tissue and inflammatory reactions.
The Impact of Foreign Cross-Listings on Symmetric Information Spillovers between Markets in Brussels and Milan Exchanges

This paper develops the approach suggested by Howe, Madura and Tucker (1993) to examine the impact of cross-listing on stock price volatility in specific European markets. A primary focus of this paper is to provide a different methodology from Howe, Madura and Tucker (1993), using a modified GARCH modelling approach as suggested by Li and Engle (1998), to examine the impact of cross-listings on volatility spillovers. The analysis also takes into account the influence of different regulatory structures across the markets where firms are cross-listed. In particular, we use La Porta et al.’s (1998) broad stock market regulatory classification to analyse the magnitude and persistence of volatility spillovers from the foreign listing to the home equity of cross-listed companies in the Brussels, and Milan markets. The aim here is to examine symmetric information spillover effects from foreign equities (at the time of listing) to the home equities. Overall, we find that information spillover effects are important across specific European markets for crosslisted equities and that different regulatory environments have a significant impact on information spillovers. Volatility transmissions from foreign listing in lax regulatory environments appear to be more important in the case of spillovers to home equities in the case of Brussels cross-listed equities. With regard to foreign listing days, it appears that Monday spillovers are the most prevalent, followed by Friday. From a general perspective results also clearly indicate that volatility transmission can vary across different regulatory environments and for various listing dates.
Examining the complexity of Placement Stability in Residential Out of Home Care in Australia : How important is it for facilitating good outcomes for young people ?

Just over 5% of young people in Out of Home Care (OOHC) in Australia live in residential care, which equated to approximately 2394 young people in the system in 2015. There is little research, however, that provides data on significant decision-making in residential care, such as the timing and number of placement changes. Research into foster care has established that generally worse outcomes are experienced for young people who have experienced placement instability. In a residential care setting, understanding placement stability is more complex because of subtle instabilities. These include: changing staff; changes to the co-residents; as well as shifts of the children themselves to a new house; the latter typically result from organisational decisions, or are a result of challenging behaviour by the young person, or towards them by another young person. This paper examines the current state of the literature, and identifies the need for further research and theorization on what constitutes placement stability and instability for a residential care cohort.
A comparative analysis of cases in Germany, England and Switzerland

This paper aims to contribute to the debate about the trade-offs between legitimacy, effectiveness and efficiency in different governance modes in the public service sector. We accomplish this based on a multiple case study analysis of water supply and sanitation (WSS) companies in Germany, England and Switzerland. We find that contrary to previous literature, a public governance mode is able to achieve a similar level of legitimacy and efficiency as a private mode. In terms of effectiveness, the public mode achieves a higher level in terms of common good goals than the private, while profitoriented goals are not applicable to the public mode. Moreover, also counter to the literature we find that a network mode can have more extreme trade-offs between the three criteria than more discrete public and private modes. However, aligned with the literature, we find that a private and network mode achieve a higher level of efficiency and effectiveness in terms of profit-oriented goals.
Aeolian Ripple Migration and Associated Creep Transport Rates

Wind-formed ripples are distinctive features of many sandy aeolian environments, and their development and migration are basic responses to sand transport via saltation. Using data from the literature and from original field experiments, we presented empirical models linking dimensionless migration rates, urgd (ur is the ripple migration speed, g is the gravity acceleration, and d is the grain diameter) with dimensionless shear velocity, u*/u*t (u* is shear velocity and u*t is fluid threshold shear velocity). Data from previous studies provided 34 usable cases from four wind tunnel experiments and 93 cases from two field experiments. Original data comprising 68 cases were obtained from sites in Ceará, Brazil (26) and California, USA (42), using combinations of sonic anemometry, sand traps, photogrammetry, and laser distance sensors and particle counters. The results supported earlier findings of distinctively different relationships between urgd and u*/u*t for wind tunnel and field data. With our data, we could also estimate the contribution of creep transport associated with ripple migration to total transport rates. We calculated ripple-creep transport for 1 ≤ u*/u*t ≤ 2.5 and found that this accounted for about 3.6% (standard deviation = 2.3%) of total transport.
FOR DIFFERENT REASONS : DISTINGUISHING THE SOURCES OF RATIONAL AND EMOTIONAL NEGATIVE EWOM AT PEER-TO-PEER ACCOMMODATION PLATFORM

With the development of Internet technology, people tend to judge the quality of products and services through electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), especially the negative eWOM. Although existing studies have investigated various antecedents of negative eWOM, they treat it as a whole without classification. In this study, we distinguish rational negative eWOM (RNW) from emotional negative eWOM (ENW) and explore different motivations for these two types of negative eWOM drawing on the consumer value perspective. Specifically, we propose a model to verify the impacts of functional, emotional, and social values (i.e., self-presentation, emotion release, and altruism) on RNW and ENW under the context of peer-to-peer accommodation platform (PPAP). The results suggested that selfpresentation and emotion release had different levels of influences on RNW and ENW while the effects of altruism on RNW and ENW were reverse. Theoretically, the study contributes to extant literature by engendering new research directions as well as providing a different insight on the effect of altruism on negative eWOM. Practically, this paper reminds PPAP hosts and further, e-commerce retailers to improve the quality of their product or service considering different sources of RNW and ENW.
Fatty acid profi le in erythrocytes associated with serum cytokines in pediatric cystic fi brosis patients

1 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Ambulatório de Nutrição/Pediatria. Av. Rui Barbosa, 716, Flamengo, 22250-020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Correspondência para/Correspondence to: ALP CUNHA. E-mail: . 2 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Departamento de Pesquisa Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. 3 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Support: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (processo no23848) e Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científi co e Tecnológico (processo no305329/2016-2). Article based on the thesis by ALP CUNHA entitled “Impacto da suplementação com óleo de peixe na concentração de ácidos graxos em eritrócitos, nos marcadores infl amatórios e no estado clínico e nutricional em crianças e adolescentes com fi brose cística”. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; 2013.
Lifetime prevalence of concussion among Canadian ice hockey players aged 10 to 25 years old, 2014 to 2017.

Background The primary objective of this study was to identify the self-reported lifetime prevalence of diagnosed concussions among Canadian ice hockey players aged 10 to 25 years old. Method Medical records were identified for n=5223 athletes whom completed comprehensive baseline assessments with a Canada-wide network of private concussion management clinics. Variables extracted included: sex, age, diagnosed history of and number of prior concussions, diagnosed health condition(s), and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale scores. Results Approximately 22% of all athletes, 21.7% of females and 21.8% of males reported that they had sustained at least one diagnosed concussion. Age was significantly associated with history of concussion as was having an additional health condition. Sex was not significantly associated with a history of concussion. Conclusion Lifetime history of concussion prevalence estimates aligned closely with estimates previously published. Future investigations should seek to establish the prevalence of concussions that occur during ice hockey games and practices alone.
Analysis of Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitude and Ability to Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Purpose: This study was designed to provide a systematic understanding of nursing students' knowledge, attitude and ability to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Fundamental data regarding CPR education was processed in order to analyze factors influencing knowledge, attitude and ability. Methods: A total of 663 nursing students from G city and South Jeolla Province participated in this study during March and April 2009. Questionnaires were used to gather the data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS WIN 12.0 were used for data analysis. Results: The mean score for knowledge regarding CPR was 7.84 of a total possible score of 15, for attitude, 39.90 of a total possible score of 55 and for performance ability, 40.17 of a total possible score of 75. There was a positive correlation between CPR knowledge, attitude and performance ability. As knowledge increased so did attitude and performance ability. Conclusion: In order to develop positive attitudes in nursing students toward the performance of CPR, we need to strengthen education related to CPR and create effective education programs which are focused particularly on practical training for the students.
Relationship between Metacognition and Personality characteristics in Attitude toward Critical thinking in Students

The study aims to find the relationship between meta-cognition and personality characteristics with attitude toward critical thinking in female students of high-schools of Ardabil. In order to gather data, three questionnaires of critical thinking (CTDS), of 5-factor personalities (NEO) and of Meta-cognition (Welsh) were given to them and after analyzing data, in issue of descriptive statistics, average and standard deviation were used and in issue of inferential statistics, correlation coefficient test and multivariate regression by the method of simultaneous input were used by help of SPSS software. In this study, female students of high-schools of Ardabil City were chosen as population. So, 135 persons of them were chosen as available research sample. Plot of this study was descriptive of correlational kind. Implementing this study revealed the following results. Meta-cognitive variables are meaningful in predicting attitude toward critical thinking of observed F amount (P<0.05) and meta-cognitive notions have 32 per cent of ability of predicting attitude toward critical thinking and to determine influence variables of personality dimensions as prediction variable and attitude toward critical thinking as criterion variable in regression equation, amount of F was meaningful (P>0.05), then it can meaningfully predict variables of meta-cognitive and personality characteristics in attitude toward critical thinking.
A Distributed Hierarchical Averaging SGD Algorithm : Trading Local Reductions for Global Reductions

Reducing communication in training large-scale machine learning applications on distributed platform is still a big challenge. To address this issue, we propose a distributed hierarchical averaging stochastic gradient descent (Hier-AVG) algorithm with infrequent global reduction by introducing local reduction. As a general type of parallel SGD, Hier-AVG can reproduce several popular synchronous parallel SGD variants by adjusting its parameters. We show that Hier-AVG with infrequent global reduction can still achieve standard convergence rate for nonconvex optimization problems. In addition, we show that more frequent local averaging with more participants involved can lead to faster training convergence. By comparing Hier-AVG with another popular distributed training algorithm K-AVG , we show that through deploying local averaging with fewer number of global averaging, Hier-AVG can still achieve comparable training speed while frequently get better test accuracy. This indicates that local averaging can serve as an alternative remedy to effectively reduce communication overhead when the number of learners is large. Experimental results of Hier-AVG with several state-of-the-art deep neural nets on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet-1K are presented to validate our analysis and show its superiority. ∗Supported by NSF Grants DMS-1509739 and CCF-1523768 1 ar X iv :1 90 3. 05 13 3v 2 [ cs . L G ] 9 S ep 2 01 9
Preventing Rupture: Clipping of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) represent a major public health issue due to their unpredictable natural history. Whether to actively treat them or to maintain them under observation remains a hotly disputed topic. In this chapter, we present a review of the literature regarding the history of clipping and its use in UIAs, as well as the experience of our senior author in this field. We performed an extensive Medline and Google Academic search of the relevant literature. We have also made a retrospective analysis on patients harboring UIAs and multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) clipped by the senior author between 1997 and 2017. About 89 patients had solitary UIAs, alongside 101 with MIAs possessing 257 individual aneurysms in total. All UIA patients were discharged with a favorable neurological outcome and no mortality. Concerning MIAs, the majority of cases had 2 aneurysms, the highest number being 6. And, 61 patients from this group had a favorable outcome. In the hands of experienced vascular neurosurgeons, clipping remains a safe option for both UIAs and MIAs. This procedure offers a long-lasting protection from aneurysmal rupture. In the future, new clip technologies and intraprocedural methods of verifying vessel patency and aneurysmal occlusion may further enhance postoperative results.
The Link between Islamic Human Resource Management Practices, Emotional Intelligence and Affective Commitment in Islamic-Based Malaysian Organisations

An important task for any organisation is to manage its employees well in order to enhance their performance. The fact that they are dealing with people makes it difficult to have one style of management that fits all. There have been many studies on this focusing on Western and Chinese run companies while fewer studies have examined how Islamic teachings are used to govern employees in their workplace. This study evaluated the level of acceptance and adoption of Islamic Human Resource Management practices among organisations in Malaysia in relation to emotional intelligence and affective commitment. Although the sample size of this study was small, the results provided important preliminary findings on the topic. The findings of this study showed a significant positive relationship between Islamic HRM practices, emotional intelligence, and organisational commitment, specifically affective commitment, among selected Islamic-based organisations in Malaysia.
Interlanguage Stretching within a Task-based Empirical Pedagogy

This paper is a reinterpretation of a study published on learning Italian as an L2 (Means, 2011). We look at how certain key variables in second language learning and teaching might intersect: (1) the interlanguages of learners—when they develop and when they are stuck; (2) task-based language teaching (TBLT) as an empirical pedagogy. We begin with some relevant definitions, describe the empirical study and discuss its implications in light of these variables. The study was a six-week, method-comparison, experimental study conducted with two groups: a control group learned intermediate Italian as a foreign language through traditional instruction (TI), and an experimental group learned through TBLT. Results showed that, for accuracy, the TBLT group marginally outperformed the TI group; for fluency, the TBLT group significantly outperformed the TI group. We then look at some qualitative interlanguage data and conclude that the results presented here suggest that TBLT does effectively stretch learners’ interlanguages and may shed some systemic light on viable options for second language pedagogies.
Lingual configuration of Australian English /l/

English /l/ is a multi-gestural segment produced with dorsal retraction and lowering and a central alveolar closure. The coordination of antagonistic coronal and dorsal gestures prototypically results in lingual elongation. Although intergestural coordination in laterals has been widely studied, less is known about articulatory configuration in Australian English /l/ —a dialect characterised by coda /l/-lenition [1, 2]. We explored tongue elongation as a potential metric of /l/-lenition. The timecourse of lingual elongation was examined in laterals produced by two Australian English speakers using electromagnetic articulography. Tongue elongation was greater in onsets and codas containing laterals compared to onsets and codas containing /d/. Coda laterals showed less elongation than onset laterals. Quantifying lingual elongation can potentially differentiate onset /l/ from lenited or vocalised /l/ across a variety of vocalic and consonantal contexts by capturing a key characteristic of /l/ in environments where coronal and dorsal gestures are often unmeasurable.