Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of fungicide application times in the control management of leaf foliar diseases in maize

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fungicide trifloxystrobin (200 g/L 20% m/v) + tebuconazole (100 g/L 10% m/v) at different phenological stages in controlling southern rust and Cercospora leaf spot in the maize crop and on its productivity. This work was carried out in 2013, Ertel farm, located in the city of Toledo – PR of Brasil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial (2x4+1) with four replications. The treatments consisted of evaluating two diseases, Southern Rust and Cercospora leaf spot, and four phenological stages of fungicide application (V8, V10, VT and R1 of maize) with the presence of a control. The authors evaluated the disease incidence and severity, the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and the fungicide control efficiency for foliar diseases were observed. In addition to this, some agronomic variables were also evaluated: plant height, ear insertion height, stem diameter, average diameter of ear, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear, thousand grain weight and productivity. The results showed no significant statistical difference for the variables evaluated, except for plant height. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the mixture of triazole with estrobirulina is feasible to control the severity of these diseases in maize, though it was not observed any statistical difference in the different treatments in relation to the average productivity. It is worth mentioning that the use of fungicide tends to provide greater sanity to plants and consequently it improves production rates. In general, the application of the fungicide in the pre-anthesis stage (VT) tends to exhibit better responses. Key words: Zea mays L. , Puccinia polysora, Cercospora zeae-maydis.
Newspaper Coverage of Femicide Framing Deadly Domestic Violence : Why the Media ' s Spin Matters in -

The news media play a substantial role in shaping society’s perceptions of social issues, including domestic violence. However, minimal research has been conducted to examine whether news media frame stories of femicide within the context of domestic violence. Using frame analysis, the present research compares newspaper articles representing 113 cases of femicide that define the murder as domestic violence to a random sample of 113 cases without coverage defining the femicide as domestic violence. Findings indicate that both groups are represented by multiple frames, including a previously unidentified frame that places the femicide in the context of domestic violence as a social problem.
The maximal-density mass function for primordial black hole dark matter

The advent of gravitational wave astronomy has rekindled interest in primordial black holes (PBH) as a dark matter candidate. As there are many different observational probes of the PBH density across different masses, constraints on PBH models are dependent on the functional form of the PBH mass function. This complicates general statements about the mass functions allowed by current data, and, in particular, about the maximum total density of PBH. Numerical studies suggest that some forms of extended mass functions face tighter constraints than monochromatic mass functions, but they do not preclude the existence of a functional form for which constraints are relaxed. We use analytical arguments to show that the mass function which maximizes the fraction of the matter density in PBH subject to all constraints is a finite linear combination of monochromatic mass functions. We explicitly compute the maximum fraction of dark matter in PBH for different combinations of current constraints, allowing for total freedom of the mass function. Our framework elucidates the dependence of the maximum PBH density on the form of observational constraints, and we discuss the implications of current and future constraints for the viability of the PBH dark matter paradigm.
Experiment 2 : Effect of Hypothalamic Leptin Gene Therapy on Osteoblasts in ob / ob Mice

Substantial evidence does not support the prevailing view that leptin, acting through a hypothalamic relay, decreases bone accrual by inhibiting bone formation. To clarify the mechanisms underlying regulation of bone architecture by leptin, we evaluated bone growth and turnover in wild-type (WT) mice, leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, and ob/ob mice treated with leptin. We also performed hypothalamic leptin gene therapy to determine the effect of elevated hypothalamic leptin levels on osteoblasts. Finally, to determine the effects of loss of peripheral leptin signaling on bone formation and energy metabolism, we used bonemarrow (BM) fromWT or db/db donormice to reconstitute the hematopoietic andmesenchymal stem cell compartments in lethally irradiated WT recipient mice. Decreases in bone growth, osteoblast-lined bone perimeter and bone formation rate were observed in ob/ob mice and greatly increased in ob/ob mice following subcutaneous administration of leptin. Similarly, hypothalamic leptin gene therapy increased osteoblast-lined bone perimeter in ob/ob mice. In spite of normal osteoclast-lined bone perimeter, db/db mice exhibited a mild but generalized osteopetrotic-like (calcified cartilage encased by bone) skeletal phenotype and greatly reduced serum markers of bone turnover. Tracking studies and histology revealed quantitative replacement of BM cells following BM transplantation. WTmice engrafted with db/db BM did not differ in energy homeostasis from untreated WTmice or WTmice engrafted with WT BM. Bone formation in WTmice engrafted with WT BM did not differ fromWTmice, whereas bone formation in WTmice engrafted with db/db cells did not differ from the low rates observed in untreated db/dbmice. In summary, our results indicate that leptin, acting primarily through peripheral pathways, increases osteoblast number and activity. 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The abundance of 26Al-rich planetary systems in the Galaxy

One of the most puzzling properties of the solar system is the high abundance at its birth of 26Al, a short-lived radionuclide with a mean life of 1 Myr. Now decayed, it has left its imprint in primitive meteoritic solids. The origin of 26Al in the early solar system has been debated for decades and strongly constrains the astrophysical context of the Sun and planets formation. We show that, according to the present understanding of star-formation mechanisms, it is very unlikely that a nearby supernova has delivered 26Al into the nascent solar system. A more promising model is the one whereby the Sun formed in a wind-enriched, 26Al-rich dense shell surrounding a massive star (M > 32 M ). We calculate that the probability of any given star in the Galaxy being born in such a setting, corresponding to a well-known mode of star formation, is of the order of 1%. It means that our solar system, though not the rule, is relatively common and that many exo-planetary systems in the Galaxy might exhibit comparable enrichments in 26Al. Such enrichments played an important role in the early evolution of planets because 26Al is the main heat source for planetary embryos.
STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE RED INDIAN LINE IN SOUTHWESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND

The Red Indian Line segment between Lloyds Lake and Mink Lake is marked by a narrow D1 shear zone, which appears to have accommodated mainly sinistral oblique reverse movements, such that the Early Ordovician Annieopsquotch ophiolite belt was thrust to the south–southeast over the Victoria Lake Group. Time constraints imposed by the Boogie Lake intrusive complex and Silurian red beds indicate that initial amalgamation of the Notre Dame and Exploits subzones along the Red Indian Line took place, prior to 435 Ma (Early Silurian). However, D1-related movements continued into the Silurian as indicated by the presence of D1 structures in the Silurian red beds that formed during brittle–ductile southeast-directed thrusting of the Annieopsquotch ophiolite belt. Three ductile (D2 to D4) and one brittle–ductile deformation event have modified the original thrust geometry and appear to have reactivated the Red Indian Line after the Early Silurian.
Genetic analysis of root morphology and growth of tropical maize and their role in tolerance to desiccation, aluminum toxicity and high temperature

5 Zusammenfassung . 7 Abbreviations . 10 1 General Introduction.11 1.1.1 Importance of maize for human nutrition. 11 1.1.2 Impact of drought on plants. 11 1.1.3 Impact of high temperatures on plants . 12 1.1.4 Impact of aluminum of plants . 13 1.1.5 Little research has been devoted to roots . 14 1.1. 6 Identifying the genetic basis of morphophysiological traits by mapping QTLs . 14 1.1. 7 The pouch system allows for the evaluation of large sets of genotypes . 15 1.2 Application of environmental stress to plants in growth pouches. 15 1.2. 1 Desiccation stress can be applied by Polyethylene glycol 8000 . 15 1.2. 2 Application of heat stress . 16 1.2. 3 Application of AlCl3 to induce aluminum stress . 16 1.3 Breeding for stress tolerance is necessary to maintain or augment yields . 17 1.4 Selection for drought tolerance in sub-Saharan Africa probably led to co-selection for heat and aluminum tolerance . 17 1.5 Objectives. 18 2 Seedling root growth of tropical maize lines at various abiotic stresses . 19 2.
Consumer Purchase Intentions towards Organic Food: Insights from South Africa

Amid the global drive to promote environmentally less threatening food production methods, marketers have been exposed to many opportunities as well as challenges, in their desire to profitably satisfy consumers’ ever-changing needs and wants. In South Africa today, the organic food drive is showing good signs of growth, with key hypermarkets stocking an ever increasing collection of such foodstuffs. Of late, interest and consideration towards organically produced foodstuffs and purchasing intentions thereof have been augmenting in importance amongst many consumers, in their response to concerns about the effects of conventional farming practices on human health, environment, and food safety among others. As consumers are increasingly becoming conscious about the positive benefits of non-conventional foodstuffs, marketers are forced to devise new strategies that effectively incorporate these highly sought organic produces. For this reason, organic farming has been regarded as the best and most attractive alternative to inorganic farming and has led to the production of ‘new’ foodstuffs. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine the antecedents of consumer purchase intentions for organic food in Johannesburg, South Africa. This study used a survey questionnaire for primary data collection and the gathered data was used to quantitatively test the hypotheses. Through Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) statistical software and by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the significance of the variables of this study was determined from a sample of 305 respondents across Johannesburg. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to check model fit, reliability and validity of the measurement instruments while Path Modeling was used for hypothesis testing. The findings revealed that consumer attitude was the key antecedent that provided the highest level of explained variance in consumer purchase intention of organic food. It was observed that Woolworths was the most popular retail outlet for organic food. The results and insights from this study are likely to contribute to consumer attitudes and health consciousness
Dent Res 92 ( 12 ) 2013 M 180 Amelogenin for Decussating Murine Enamel 1119

Amelogenin (AMELX) and matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP20) are essential for proper enamel development. Amelx and Mmp20 mutations cause amelogenesis imperfecta. MMP20, a protease secreted by ameloblasts, is responsible for processing enamel proteins, including AMELX, during the secretory stage of enamel formation. Of at least 16 different amelogenin splice products, the most abundant isoform found in murine ameloblasts and developing enamel is the M180 protein. To understand the role of MMP20 processing of M180 AMELX, we generated AmelxKO/Mmp20KO (DKO) mice with an amelogenin (M180Tg) transgene. We analyzed the enamel phenotype by SEM to determine enamel structure and thickness, μCT, and by nanoindentation to quantify enamel mechanical properties. M180Tg/DKO mouse enamel had 37% of the hardness of M180Tg/AmelxKO teeth and demonstrated a complete lack of normal prismatic architecture. Although molar enamel of M180Tg/AmelxKO mice was thinner than WT, it had similar mechanical properties and decussating enamel prisms, which were abolished by the loss of MMP20 in the M180Tg/DKO mice. Retention of the C-terminus or complete lack of this domain is unable to rescue amelogenin null enamel. We conclude that among amelogenins, M180 alone is sufficient for normal enamel mechanical properties and prism patterns, but that additional amelogenin splice products are required to restore enamel thickness. KEY WOrDs: matrix metalloproteinase-20, knockout mouse, transgenic mouse, amelogenesis, imperfecta, ameloblasts, tooth calcification. DOI: 10.1177/0022034513506444 Received May 14, 2013; Last revision August 9, 2013; Accepted August 31, 2013 © International & American Associations for Dental Research rEsEArch rEpOrts
Sandoval the Growth of Mucosal Tumors T Cells Is Crucial to Inhibit + Mucosal Imprinting of Vaccine-Induced CD 8

critical, how you get there is equally important. cells expressed CD49a, which correlated to their homing to the mucosa. In this case, although the destination is T + T cells that inhibited tumor growth in mucosal tumors. These CD8 + to the mucosa induced tumor-specific CD8 intranasal immunization. The same vaccine delivered −− difficulty by taking a page from infectious disease vaccinology successfully inhibited subcutaneous tumors but not those found in the mucosa. The authors then overcame this may provide a partial explanation. Systemically delivered (intramuscular) vaccines −− subcutaneous tumors −− . hypothesized that the preclinical model systems used et al similar vaccinations in clinical trials. Sandoval There is a disconnect between successful vaccination of mucosal tumors in animal models and the failure of context of mucosal tumors. now provide an answer to that question in the et al tumor-targeting cells can't actually get to the tumor? Sandoval sufficient immune response against a tumor, the immune system can be used to attack cancer cells. But what if on both the journey and the destination. The science behind cancer vaccination presupposes that if you can build a ''Life is a journey, not a destination. '' (Ralph Waldo Emerson) And yet, in the most literal sense, life can depend The Nose Knows
Running title : THE SNR JMD 1 The just meaningful difference in speech-to-noise ratio 1

15 The speech-to-noise ratio (SNR) in an environment plays a vital role in speech 16 communication for both normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners. While 17 hearing-assistance devices attempt to deliver as favorable an SNR as possible, there may be 18 discrepancies between noticeable and meaningful improvements in SNR. Furthermore, it is 19 not clear how much of an SNR improvement is necessary to induce intervention-seeking 20 behavior. Here we report on a series of experiments examining the just-meaningful 21 difference (JMD) in SNR. All experiments used sentences in same-spectrum noise, with two 22 intervals on each trial mimicking examples of preand post-benefit situations. Different 23 groups of NH and HI adults were asked (a) to rate how much better or worse the change in 24 SNR was in a number of paired examples, (b) if they would swap the worse for the better 25 SNR (e.g., their current device for another) or (c) if they would be willing to go to the clinic 26 for the given increase in SNR. The mean SNR JMD based on better/worse ratings (one 27 arbitrary unit) was similar to the just-noticeable difference, approximately 3 dB. However, 28 the mean SNR JMD for the more clinically relevant tasks -willingness (at least 50% of the 29 time) to swap devices or attend the clinic for a change in SNR -was 6-8 dB regardless of 30 hearing ability. This SNR JMD of the order of 6 dB provides a new benchmark, indicating 31 the SNR improvement necessary to immediately motivate participants to seek intervention. 32
Zafer Koc-value for characterization of liver lesions b Diffusion-weighted MRI and optimal

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is commonly used to distinguish between benign and malignant liver lesions. However, different b-values are recommended. Purpose: To determine the most suitable b-value in DWI for differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions. Material and Methods: A total of 124 lesions in 89 consecutive patients (43 men, 46 women; age, mean standard deviation, 58 14 years) with a pathological or radiological diagnosis of malignant or benign focal liver lesions after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in this study. Routine abdominal MRI and DWI were performed using seven b-values (0, 50, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 s/mm). Lesions were analyzed for benignity/malignity using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values with 10 b-value combinations and by measuring the lesion/normal parenchyma ADC ratio. Results: Mean ADC values were significantly different between malignant and benign lesions for all b-value combinations (P 1⁄4 0.000). The best b-value combination was 0 and 800 (Az 1⁄4 0.935). Using lower b-values such as 0 and 50 together with higher b-values 600 s/mm was beneficial (Az 1⁄4 0.928 and 0.927). Mean ADC values were approximately 13% (1–15%) higher in total when b1⁄4 0 and b1⁄4 50 s/mm were included in multiple b-value combinations. Conclusion: In DWI, we recommend the use of b-values of 0 and 800 s/mm as two b-values, or b1⁄4 0, 50, 600, 800, and 1000 s/mm as multiple b-values for distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions. Mean ADC value is 13% higher in total by additional use of b1⁄4 0 and b1⁄4 50 s/mm in multiple b-value combinations.
Thermal Characterization of Pine Sawdust as Energy Source Feedstock

Pine sawdust was analyzed for thermal chemical conversion such as combustion, torrefaction, pyrolysis and gasification. The methods used to analyze involved performing proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, heating value and thermal decomposition for determining the biomass characteristics. Based on elemental composition, the pine sawdust exhibited lower energy content of 15.01 MJ/kg than bituminous coal that has about 31.8 MJ /kg. The kinetic parameters of pine sawdust described the individual component decomposition; the easiest component to decompose is hemicelluloses followed by cellulose and lignin. The heat released during thermal degradation of pine sawdust was -4380 J/g under inert condition, this shows pine sawdust potential for production of energy during combustion. Keywords: Thermogravimentry, Kinetics, Pine Sawdust, Differential Scanning Calorimetry
A Working Model for Cell – Molecular Evolution : Integration of Ontogeny , Phylogeny , and Ecology

In contrast to the conventional use of genes to determine the evolution of phenotypes, we have functionally integrated epithelial–mesenchymal interactions that have facilitated lung phylogeny and ontogeny in response to major geologic epochs. As such, this model reveals the underlying principles of lung physiology based on the evolutionary interactions between internal and external selection pressures, providing a novel understanding of lung biology. As a result, it predicts how cell–molecular changes in this process can cause disease and offers counterintuitive insights to diagnosis and treatment based on evolutionary principles.
Population dynamics of reintroduced forest birds on New Zealand islands

We studied dynamics of four populations of New Zealand forest birds for 5–9 years after reintroduction to islands. We primarily aimed to predict whether these populations were viable, and what, if any, management was needed to maintain them. However, the small scale of these islands also provided an opportunity to study density‐dependent population growth over a short time frame.
Connecting Casinos and Crime: More Corrections of Walker

This is a second reply to Professor Walker that corrects additional errors by him. In his present commentary, Professor Walker again provides no new data or research, articulates comments that are already resolved through a careful reading of â€œCasinos, Crime, and Community Costsâ€ (Grinols and Mustard, 2006) and declines to respond to the failings that we raised about his earlier critique. The reader is encouraged to read our original paper.
Commodity Derivatives Valuation with Autoregression and Moving Average in the Price Dynamics

In this paper we develop a continuous time factor model of commodity prices that allows for higher order autoregression and moving average components. The need for these components is documented by analyzing the convenience yield's time series dynamics. Making use of the affine model structure, closed-form pricing formulas for futures and options are derived. Empirically, a parsimonious version of the general model is estimated for the crude oil market using futures data. We demonstrate the model's superior performance in pricing nearby futures contracts in- and out-of-sample. Most notably, the model improves the pricing of long horizon contracts with information from the short end of the futures curve substantially.
Anti-Mesothelin Immunotoxin and Immune Suppression Major Cancer Regressions in Mesothelioma After Treatment with an

immunotoxin treatment. treating an aggressive and deadly tumor, and demonstrate a clever way to overcome immune rejection of antitumor effects. Nevertheless, the results presented by Hassan and coauthors provide a promising approach for mechanism of the combination treatment and determine whether the immunomodulatory drugs contribute any direct current trial eventually developed antibodies against SS1P. Additional work will also be necessary to clarify the Future work will be needed to further prolong the presence of this immunotoxin because most patients in the improved clinical outcomes. greatly delayed antibody formation, allowing the patients to receive multiple cycles of SS1P, which resulted in therefore prevent the formation of antitoxin antibodies, before giving SS1P to the patients. This treatment combination with pentostatin and cyclophosphamide, chemotherapeutic agents that specifically deplete lymphocytes and can treated chemotherapy-resistant mesothelioma patients et al. a therapeutic agent. To overcome this problem, Hassan treated patients developed antibodies against SS1P after only one cycle of treatment, precluding its continued use as found in the mesothelial membranes and highly expressed in mesothelioma. In past clinical trials, the vast majority of prognosis and very limited treatment options. SS1P is an immunotoxin targeting mesothelin, a protein that is only Mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor of the pleural and peritoneal membranes, which normally has a poor antibodies in mesothelioma patients. Hassan and coauthors have demonstrated a combination treatment approach for preventing the formation of antitoxin immunotoxin as a foreign protein, destroying it before it can reach its target and deliver the toxin to the tumor. Now, offer a way to selectively target and kill cancer cells. Unfortunately, the patient's immune system usually attacks the Immunotoxins, which combine a bacterial toxin with an antibody fragment that recognizes a specific protein, Combating Mesothelioma by Suppressing Friendly Fire