Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Psychobiology of Resilience

Abstract Although adverse environments are well known to be a risk factor for psychopathology, many individuals respond adaptively to such environments. There is growing interest in the underlying mechanisms involved in such resilience. Several cognitive-affective processes may be involved, and these may be mediated by particular neuronal circuits and neurochemical systems. This article summarizes some of the relevant work on the role of fear conditioning, reward processing, and social behavior in resilience. There is a growing body of data on how particular gene-environment interactions affect these processes, and thus underpin resilience. Ultimately, a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning resilience may lead to novel interventions.
Profile of Clients Tested HIV Positive in a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center of a District Hospital, Udupi, South Kannada

Background: The growing menace created by the HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) has alarmed not only the public health officials but also the general community. The Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre (VCTC) services have begun as a cost-effective intervention in reversing this epidemic. Objectives: 1. To study the sociodemographic characteristics of HIV-positive clients and their risk behaviors. 2. To elucidate the reasons for their visit to the VCTC and know the problems anticipated by the clients after revealing their HIV-positive status. Study Design: A cross-sectional record-based study. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in August 2007 among clients who tested positive for HIV in the VCTC of a district hospital in Karnataka from January to July 2007. Results: Study included 249 individuals, of whom 64.7% were males, 88.7% (age, 15–49 years), married (72.7% males and 84.0% females) and literate (females 71.5% and males 85.7%). A high percentage of nonresponse regarding the pattern of risk behavior was noted among the subjects (males: 42.8% and females: 90.9%). Of the individuals who responded, 91 males (98.9%) and 6 females (75.0%) had multiple heterosexual sex partners, while 1 male had homosexual partner. The figures in females show that two (25%) of them had a history of blood transfusion. The reason for visiting the VCTC were cited as some form of illness (33.3%), confirmation of test results (32.9%), family members diagnosed as HIV positive (12.9%) and 11.6% were referred from Directly Observed Treatment Scheme (DOTS) center. More than three quarter of the sample population anticipated discrimination at the time of medical treatment. Conclusion: People have begun using VCTC services, which reflects a change in their attitude toward HIV. The study provides us a clue to formulate an effective approach to educate people as well as the health personnel who are thought of as one of the important sources of discrimination.
Medical History and Physical Findings in Football Players of Different Ages and Skill Levels

The physical and physiologic demands of football on its participants become more pronounced as the level of competition increases. The aim of this study was to compare the medical history and physical findings in players from different levels of play as well as to analyze the relationship between pathologic findings in the joints of the lower extremities and the medical history. Five hundred eighty-eight football players from eight age and skill levels were investigated. The medical histories of the players were obtained by questionnaire. A physical examination conducted by specially trained physicians incorporated anthropometric and body fat measurements and examination of the spine and the hip, knee, foot, and great toe joints. On average, the players reported 6.6 (SD, 8.8) previous injuries. At the time of the examination, 136 players (24%) still felt the effects of a previous injury. Almost one-quarter of the players (134, 23%) had a pathologic finding in either the right or left knee, and even more players (162, 28%) had a pathologic anterior drawer sign either in the right or left ankle. A correlation was found between the location of the pathologic findings and the preferred leg for playing football. We recommend that further research should address the prevalence of pathologic findings and complaints in football players as well as the secondary structural changes that may occur as the result of playing football.
Investment Banker Directors and Seasoned Equity Offerings

We examine how directors with investment banking experience affect firms’ capital raising activities. We find that firms with investment bankers on their boards have a higher probability of making seasoned equity offerings (SEOs), and that these offerings are associated with higher announcement returns, lower underpricing, and lower underwriter spreads. These results are consistent with the idea that investment banker directors reduce information asymmetry between issuers and the equity market. We find a limited role of investment banker directors in firms issuing bonds or obtaining loans, which are less information-sensitive than equity. Overall, our results highlight the advisory role of specialist directors in shaping corporate policies.
Pain Coping Profiles in Workers’ Compensation Clients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Cluster Analysis

This study investigated pain coping profiles using the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-24 (CSQ-24) in a sample of 171 workers’ compensation clients with chronic musculoskeletal pain from Canada. Cluster analysis identified three distinct coping profiles: mixed coping, catastrophising, and positive coping. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) results revealed that the positive coping group had lower levels of activity interference and depression as well as higher levels of quality of life than the mixed coping and catastrophising groups. Study findings indicate clients with chronic musculoskeletal pain can be categorised according to pain coping strategies, and pain coping strategies used are related to rehabilitation outcomes. The implications of these pain coping profiles for rehabilitation counselling practice are discussed.
Involving customers in innovation: knowledgeability and agency as process variables

Purpose Recent research places an increased emphasis on the inclusion of the customer in value creation, learning and innovation processes; yet, there remains a gap in the understanding of just how such customer involvement may work. This paper aims to address this gap by examining two aspects of customer involvement – their knowledgeability and their agency. In addition, three boundaries (semantic, syntactic and pragmatic) across which relationship development occurs and which may facilitate and/or inhibit value co-creation, collaborative learning and innovation processes have been explored. Design/methodology/approach Three case studies have been used. Two were large-scale construction projects in the UK, and one was a global professional accounting firm in the USA. Findings Customers may become frustrated if not allowed to exercise their agency. However, their involvement can create tensions for suppliers who may have to become more tolerant of divergent goals. In respect of knowledgeability, it was found that constraint satisfaction is important in allowing customers to reconcile their personal knowledge schema with the collective schema. However, it was also noted that customer knowledgeability brings with it challenges for suppliers, who must find ways to add value for such customers. Research limitations/implications A number of further questions relating to the agency and knowledgeability of customers and their inclusion in value co-creation, collaborative learning and innovation processes have been posed. The need for guidance in identifying and minimising the barriers to crossing semantic, syntactic and pragmatic boundaries between customers and suppliers has also been highlighted. Originality/value This study makes an important contribution to research in the field, in that how the inclusion of the customer in business networks alters current assumptions and practices is investigated.
The effect of body weight changes and endurance training on 24h substrate oxidation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of exercise training and dietary macronutrient composition on 24 h substrate oxidation in male, obese subjects. DESIGN A 16 month exercise intervention study was executed, including a weight loss period with a very low energy diet (VLED) for 2 months at the start of the study. SUBJECTS Twelve male, obese subjects (age 36.3+/-5.1 y; body weight 94.6+/-13.9 kg; body mass index, BMI 30.8+/-3.0 kg/m2) and in an additional study 15 lean, well-trained subjects (age 36.2+/-7.2 y; body weight 72.2+/-5.9 kg; BMI 22.3+/-1.7 kg/m2) participated. MEASUREMENTS Substrate oxidation was measured during a standardized 36 h stay in the respiration chamber at the start of the study (0 months), and at 4, 10 and 16 months. In the respiration chamber subjects were randomly assigned to a high-fat (Hi.F) diet (60% of energy (En%) fat) or a reduced-fat (Red.F) diet (30 En% fat). The well-trained group was measured once in the respiration chamber for 36 h according to the same protocol. RESULTS At any time point, independent of the diet consumed, the 24 h carbohydrate (CHO) balances in the chamber were mostly negative (means ranging from +31 to -98 g/d) and the fat balances mostly positive (means ranging from -26 to +38 g/d) for the obese a well as for the lean, well-trained group. For both diets an increased shortage of 70 g of CHO was found at 16 months compared with 4 months, and an increase in fat balance of 33 g during the same time period in the obese subjects, indicating that CHO oxidation had increased with 12 months endurance training. In the well-trained group the 24h CHO balance was even more negative for both types of diet (-103 to -185 g/d for the Red.F and Hi.F diet, respectively) under similar conditions compared with the trained obese group. CONCLUSION The changes in 24 h substrate utilization in the obese, as well as in the well-trained group, suggest that endurance training increased the reliance on carbohydrate oxidation and therefore did not increase 24 fat oxidation.
Is cochlear implantation an effective treatment for Menière's disease?

OBJECTIVES describe the results of a retrospective study of cochlear implantation (CI) in seven subjects with Menière's disease. METHODOLOGY The subjects received either the Nucleus CI24RE(CA)/CI512 or the Advanced Bionics HiRes90K CI systems which use the ACE, MP3000, or HiRes S Fidelity 120 coding strategies. The audiometric measures included monosyllabic word lists (NVA) in quiet at 65 dB SPL and sentences in noise (LIST) at +10 dB SNR. The quality of life after implantation was assessed by means of the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ). RESULTS After CI, the hearing of all subjects improved significantly (p < 0.001) as did their speech recognition (p = 0.018). Speech recognition in noise showed a mean improvement of 47%. The results were less clear for the treatment of vertigo associated with Menière's, as some patients continued to have vestibular attacks after implantation. On the NCIQ, subjects reported a mean quality of life after CI of 48.3%. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly demonstrates that cochlear implantation is an adequate treatment of speech perception for subjects with Menière's disease who go on to develop bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss.
Channel estimation for OFDM transmission in multipath fading channels based on parametric channel modeling

We present an improved channel estimation algorithm for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing mobile communication systems using pilot subcarriers. This algorithm is based on a parametric channel model where the channel frequency response is estimated using an L-path channel model. In the algorithm, we employ the ESPRIT (estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariance techniques) method to do the initial multipath time delays acquisition and propose an interpath interference cancellation delay locked loop to track the channel multipath time delays. With the multipath time delays information, a minimum mean square error estimator is derived to estimate the channel frequency response. It is demonstrated that the use of the parametric channel model can effectively reduce the signal subspace dimension of the channel correlation matrix for the sparse multipath fading channels and, consequently, improve the channel estimation performance.
Accounting Quality and the Transmission of Monetary Policy

Abstract We examine how firms' accounting quality affects their reaction to monetary policy. The balance sheet channel of monetary policy predicts that the quality of firms' accounting reports plays a role in transmitting monetary policy by affecting information asymmetries between firms and capital providers. Consistent with this prediction, we find that accounting quality moderates firms' equity market response and future investment sensitivity to unexpected changes in monetary policy. Moreover, the former relation is amplified for firms with more growth opportunities and more financial constraints, further consistent with accounting quality moderating the transmission of monetary policy.
A professional challenge: nurses and smoking.

In this article, we examine the issue of smoking behavior among health professionals who are nurses. Findings from a statewide study of nurses and smoking in Wisconsin are presented. The findings describe nurses' attitudes toward smoking, and their professional behavior is analyzed by smoking status. An action plan for nursing education and practice based on these findings and consistent with other research is presumed and discussed in relation to improving the health of nurses who smoke and the clients they serve.
Spanish Version of the Savings Inventory–Revised

The factor structure, psychometric properties, and relationship with personality variables of a Spanish version of the Savings Inventory-Revised (SI-R) are investigated in a sample of 381 undergraduate students. A maximum likelihood factor analysis suggests a three-factor structure, which is similar but not identical to that of the original English version. The three factors mirror the three hypothesized domains of compulsive hoarding: acquisition, difficulty discarding, and clutter. The Spanish SI-R demonstrates acceptable high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, but its divergent validity is weaker than expected because of a significant overlap with depressive symptoms. Different SI-R factors are associated with different personality traits: Whereas the difficulty discarding dimension is predominantly associated with susceptibility to punishment, the acquisition dimension is predominantly associated with susceptibility to reward. The authors conclude that the Spanish SI-R is a promising instrument to measure hoarding symptoms.
Evaluating innovation investment outcomes of government venture funding: a longitudinal, multi-level, multi-source analysis of small firms in the U.S.

The study examines the role of government venture funding in facilitating entrepreneurship and innovation. In particular, the study integrates financial and behavioural perspectives in a unified framework to analyse the determinants and outcomes of innovation investments designed to help small firms commercialise their research and development activities. On the one hand, it draws upon real options reasoning theory to understand the effects of various resource allocation strategies on investment yield and firm performance. On the other hand, it uses signalling theory and the attention- based view to examine which individual-, project- and firm-level characteristics affect early- and late- stage funding allocation decisions, and whether these signals are also accurate predictors of investment yield and firm performance. To investigate government investment patterns, 367 projects from 275 firms that participated in the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) programme administered by the National Health Institute in the U.S. were analysed over a seven-year period from 2006 to 2012 using a combination of statistical and econometric techniques. First, the study finds that the formal real options reasoning (ROR) structure evident in the composition and execution of the government venture funding programme is only intuitively underpinned by the real options logic of decision-making. The results reveal that high initial funding commitment and continuation of government venture funding have a diminishing effect on return on investment, whereas consistent matching of funding decisions in line with ROR allows to extract value from staged investments. Second, drawing on signalling theory and attention-based view helps uncover discrepancies between prescribed and actual investment behaviour. Third, to benefit from options-like investments, firms require different combinations of skills and capabilities depending on their experience and the target performance outcome. In sum, the study adds to the empirical body of literature analysing the tension between economic logic of efficient resource allocation and behavioural and cognitive effects on rational sense- making. The analysis delineates boundary conditions of real options reasoning in the context of government venture funding, which provides important implications for strategic management theory and research policy.
The development and empirical evaluation of a client/investor risk-tolerance model

Risk-Tolerance is an influential individual differences factor that determines the composition of financial portfolios that are optimal regarding the risk and return for the investor. At the heart of the financial services sector lie competent financial advisors. The foundation of any financial plan requires a thorough assessment of the Risk-Tolerance of the client/investor. Relying primarily on demographic and socioeconomic factors as predictors of Risk-Tolerance could undermine the ability of the financial advisor to accurately gauge the baseline degree of Client RiskTolerance. This may lead to wrongfully matching a client’s objectives with the financial plan, which could result in various costly effects. The successful advisor is one who realises that an understanding of the individual he/she is dealing with is just as important as a thorough understanding of the technical aspects of investments and the basic nature of investment decision-making. However, since there is no neatly packaged one-size fits all product, the service remains largely dynamic in nature – one that needs due consideration to each individual investor’s personal circumstances and preferences. It is argued that the most prudent approach to delivering sound investment advice would rely on the financial advisor’s ability to assess and integrate two distinct sets of data pertaining to overall Client/Investor Risk-Tolerance, that is, the combination of the client’s objective risk-tolerance (i.e. selected demographic and socioeconomic variables) as well as his/her subjective risk judgment (i.e. selected personality and emotion regulation variables) assessment. This research study aimed to determine how personality and emotional self-regulation variables (i.e. subjective risk judgment), as well as demographic and socioeconomic variables (i.e. objective risk-tolerance) could be combined in a conceptual model to differentiate amongst different levels of Client/Investor RiskTolerance. A cross-sectional dataset (n = 205) obtained from investors seeking financial advice, was used to fit the structural model via structural equation modelling (LISREL 8.8). Interaction effects were tested with moderated regression. The questionnaire included measures of personality, emotion regulation, risk-tolerance, as well as age, gender, education level and annual income. Both the measurement model (p-value for test of close fit = .592; RMSEA = .0475, NNFI = .937, CFI = .957, SRMR = .0591) and structural model (p-value for test of close fit = . 0644; RMSEA = . 0621, NNFI = Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Food Habits and Reproductive Biology of the Endemic Melanesian Elapids : Are Tropical Snakes Really Different ? , ' ]

ABsrMo. Do the €. ologi.al traits of ttupical snak€s dilf€r from those of r€mpe@te-zone 3pe.i€? We eranined preerved specimens in muserms to quantify body sizes,sexual dinorphism,dieiary [abits, anil reproductive cycle oI the proteroalyphous snake lineag€ endemic to New Cuinea and th€ Solomon Isl.nd6 for comparison with previowlt-srudied A6lralian and Asian sp€cies, The Melanesian snakes conpri* a divers€ Sroup in rerns of body size (adultsizes from <50 cm to >1m€r€r),boily shap$ (Blender to heavybodiedrand behavior (noctlrnal to diumrl). Malesattain largersiz€s than do femaLs in Aspidomoehts and Mi.rop€. nis, but th€ rev€Fe is true in LoveriaAelaps/ Stlotuonelaps, a^d Toxico.alanus. Aspi.lomorphus a d Toxi.o. alamus show signifi.nt s€x differ€n.es in relative herd length, but specie in rhe oth€r aen€ra do not. All taxa for which w€ h.v€ data on reprodu.tire mode ar€ oviparo! 3, and pro.lu. e an average of 3 to 9 laige eggr pei . lutch, Rebriv€ ro mat€rnal body sizeo/ Mel.ne6ian clapi<b have significantly snrll€r ctutch$ than do A6tralian elapids. Th€ two sraller-bodied Ben€r. showed di€tary spe.ialietion (on eadhworms by loxi.o.,l,nd, and oa 6ki,^k by Aspi.lotuorphusl, Taxicocalanus .^d th€ lijian Oarodor .r€ thus th€ only Old World €lapids ro speciali6e on invertebrate pfty. The larg€rbodied taxa (Lovendgelaps, Midopechis, Salomonelapd h.ve more Aen€ralised diers, con6i6ting? rimarily of lizards and frog3. T[e distinctive features of the Melanesia. el.pid fauna (low fe.undiry in all raxa, and €.rlhworm-€atina by Toxi.o.alamls) m.y red€. r ad.ptarioN to tropical habitats, but g€neraliz.rions about th€ ecological adaptations of tropical snak€s rem.in elusive.
Somatosensory thalamus of a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis). II. An HRP and Golgi study of the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)

The topographic arrangement and cytoarchitecture of cells in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis) were studied using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Golgi impregnation techniques. Following cortical implants of HRP, reactive neurons in VPL are organized into medially concave lamellae which extend through the dorsoventral and rostrocaudal dimensions of the nucleus. After implant in forelimb and hindlimb areas of motor‐sensory cortex, labeled cells are confined to the medial (VPLm) and lateral (VPLl) portions of VPL, respectively. HRP‐positive cells in the ventral part of each lamella are organized into clusters which correspond to the clusters of cells and “parcellated‐bursts” of preterminal debris previously described in bushbaby VPL (Pearson and Haines, this volume). HRP‐reactive cells in the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) are evenly distributed as contrasted to the tightly clustered groups of somata in the adjacent VPL. This evidence argues in favor of the presence of Vim in dorsal thalamus of this prosimian.