Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positional specificity of lysosomal phospholipase A2 Published, JLR Papers in Press, July 12, 2006.

Lysosomal phospholipase A2 (Lpla2) is highly expressed in alveolar macrophages and may mediate the phospholipid metabolism of surfactant. Studies on the properties of this phospholipase are consistent with the presence of both phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2 activities. These activities were studied through the production of O-acyl compounds, produced by the transacylase activity of Lpla2. Liposomes containing POPC and N-acetylsphingosine (NAS) were incubated with the soluble fraction obtained from MDCK cells stably transfected with the mouse Lpla2 gene. Two 1-O-acyl-NASs, 1-O-palmitoyl-NAS and 1-O-oleoyl-NAS, were produced by Lpla2. The formation rate of 1-O-oleoyl-NAS was 2.5-fold that of 1-O-palmitoyl-NAS. When 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OPPC) was used, the formation rate of 1-O-oleoyl-NAS was 5-fold higher than that of 1-O-palmitoyl-NAS. Thus, Lpla2 can act on acyl groups at both sn-1 and sn-2 positions of POPC and OPPC. When 1-palmitoyl-2-unsaturated acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines were used as acyl donors, the transacylation of the acyl group from the sn-2 position to NAS was preferred to that of the palmitoyl group from the sn-1 position. An exception was observed for 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAPC), for which the formation rate of 1-O-palmitoyl-NAS from PAPC was 4-fold greater than that of 1-O-arachidonoyl-NAS. Thus, Lpla2 has broad positional specificity for the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl groups in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
Last resort: psychosurgery and the limits of medicine

suffering and illness. In his view, such relentless probing of the body through the ages yielded an ever-more detailed map of its innards, from the gross anatomical location of organs to microscopic tissues, cells to chromosomes, enzymes, genes and proteins. By its very universality, such knowledge of human structure has global appeal and shapes the battle against disease in our days. The book is chronologically arranged and divided into twenty-two chapters, including a very useful introduction that presents Porter's aims and main themes. This is followed by another chapter on the pre-literate "roots of medicine" in which the author presents an updated and useful synthesis of McNeill's "plagues and peoples", describing the shifting ecology of disease. A brief treatment of ancient medical systems in Mesopotamia and Egypt is followed by more detailed accounts of classical Graeco-Roman medicine, followed by medieval and Renaissance developments. Subsequent entries take up scientific medicine, bacteriology and public health, tropical medicine and psychiatry, surgery and clinical research, ending with a chapter on the current dilemmas of biomedicine. Perhaps it would be unfair for professional historians to point out omissions, criticize particular interpretations, or object to the balance imposed on the various topics presented in the book. Such quibbles are inevitable in a work of this scope and size, but they matter little and say more about the divergent backgrounds and expertise of the reviewers. We all dream of writing some day our own medical histories based on knowledge and understanding of the topics we deem most relevant. Porter, in his inimitable style, has actually done it, and only general readers will be the ultimate judges of a book that fills an obvious niche in everybody's library despite the inevitable shallowness inherent in any one-volume history. Positive feedback has already come from an assorted readership ranging from high school students to movie producers. I, for one, feel that The greatest benefit to mankind adequately presents the essential contours of medical history and serves as a welcome introduction to the field. Indeed, the book can be warmly recommended to anyone who wishes to grasp the evolution of our medical past and reflect on its nature.
Examination of Self-Efficacy and Life Satisfaction

The purpose of this study is to examine the selfefficacy and life satisfaction levels of students receiving education in schools of physical education and sports. The population of the study consisted 263 students, among which 154 were male and 109 were female ( X age=19,4905 + 2,5605), that received education in the schools of physical education and sports of Selcuk University, Inonu University, Gazi University and Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the selfefficacy scale, which was developed by Jarrusselam and Shwarzer (1981) [1] and adapted to Turkish by Yesillay (1993) [2], and the life satisfaction scale, developed by Diener, Emmos, Larsen and Griffin (1985) [3] and adapted to Turkish by Kokler (1991) [4], were utilized.For analyzing and interpreting data Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test and one way anova test were used, while for determining the difference between the groups Tukey test and Multiple Linear Regression test were employed and significance was accepted at P<0,05. SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) package software was used for evaluating the data and finding out the calculated values.In conclusion of this study, it was determined that female students have higher life satisfaction levels than male students, while students attending to the second grade had higher life satisfaction levels than fourth grade students. On the other hand, general self-efficacy levels of male students were found out to be higher than that of female students. It was also determined that students attending to the fourth grade had higher general self-efficacy levels than those receiving education in the first grade. Availability of a significant relation was determined between life satisfaction levels and self-efficacy levels. Keywords—Physical Education And Sports, Student, Life Satisfaction, Self-Efficacy
Regulation of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein Family Members by Stimulation of Glutamate Receptors in Cultured Rat Cortical Astrocytes*

Regulation of mRNA levels, DNA binding activities, and phosphorylation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family members by stimulation of glutamate receptors were studied in cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses with specific antibodies to C/EBP family members revealed that both C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ but not C/EBPα are expressed in the nuclei of astrocytes. After exposure to glutamate, C/EBPβ mRNA levels increased within 10 min, reached the maximal level at about 1 h, and returned to the basal level within 6 h. In contrast, C/EBPδ mRNA levels decreased by 6 h and were recovered within 12 h. These changes in mRNA levels were accompanied by an increase and a decrease in proteins for C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ, respectively. Elevation of C/EBPβ mRNA levels by glutamate treatment required an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and depended on activations of protein kinase C and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Gel mobility shift analysis using nuclear extracts from the glutamate-treated cells showed increases in C/EBP site binding activities 2 h after the exposure to glutamate. Moreover, glutamate stimulated phosphorylation of C/EBPβ in 32P-labeled astrocytes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. These results suggest that glutamate regulates functions of C/EBP family members in brain astrocytes through changes in mRNA levels of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ as well as through phosphorylation of C/EBPβ.
Patient Outcomes Associated With Phenobarbital Use With or Without Benzodiazepines for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Purpose: Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS); however, phenobarbital is an alternative agent used with or without concomitant benzodiazepine therapy. In this systematic review, we evaluate patient outcomes with phenobarbital for AWS. Methods: Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from 1950 through February 2017 for controlled trials and observational studies using [“phenobarbital” or “barbiturate”] and [“alcohol withdrawal” or “delirium tremens. ”] Risk of bias was assessed using tools recommended by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Results: From 294 nonduplicative articles, 4 controlled trials and 5 observational studies (n = 720) for AWS of any severity were included. Studies were of good quality (n = 2), fair (n = 4), and poor (n = 3). In 6 studies describing phenobarbital without concomitant benzodiazepine therapy, phenobarbital decreased AWS symptoms (P < .00001) and displayed similar rates of treatment failure versus comparator therapies (38% vs 29%). A study with 2 cohorts showed similar rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (phenobarbital: 16% and 9% vs benzodiazepine: 14%) and hospital length of stay (phenobarbital: 5.85 and 5.30 days vs benzodiazepine: 6.64 days). In 4 studies describing phenobarbital with concomitant benzodiazepine therapy, phenobarbital groups had similar ICU admission rates (8% vs 25%), decreased mechanical ventilation (21.9% vs 47.3%), decreased benzodiazepine requirements by 50% to 90%, and similar ICU and hospital lengths of stay and AWS symptom resolution versus comparator groups. Adverse effects with phenobarbital, including dizziness and drowsiness, rarely occurred. Conclusion: Phenobarbital, with or without concomitant benzodiazepines, may provide similar or improved outcomes when compared with alternative therapies, including benzodiazepines alone.
Imaging , Diagnosis , Prognosis A Prospective PCR-Based Screening for the EML 4-ALK Oncogene in Non – Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: EML4-ALK is a lung cancer oncogene, and ALK inhibitors showmarked therapeutic efficacy for tumors harboring this fusion gene. It remains unsettled, however, how the fusion gene should be detected in specimens other than formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. We here tested whether reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)-based detection of EML4-ALK is a sensitive and reliable approach. Experimental Design:We developed a multiplex RT-PCR system to capture ALK fusion transcripts and applied this technique to our prospective, nationwide cohort of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in
Hitting the Target: How T Cells Detect and Eliminate Tumors

The successes of antitumor immuno-based therapies and the application of next-generation sequencing to mutation profiling have produced insights into the specific targets of antitumor T cells. Mutated proteins have tremendous potential as targets for interventions using autologous T cells or engineered cell therapies and may serve as important correlates of efficacy for immunoregulatory interventions including immune checkpoint blockade. As mutated self, tumors present an exceptional case for host immunity, which has primarily evolved in response to foreign pathogens. Tumor Ags’ resemblance to self may limit immune recognition, but key features appear to be the same between antipathogen and antitumor responses. Determining which targets will make efficacious Ags and which responses might be elicited therapeutically are key questions for the field. Here we discuss current knowledge on antitumor specificity, the mutations that provide immunogenic targets, and how cross-reactivity and immunodominance may contribute to variation in immune responses among tumor types.
Does Chirality Matter?: Pharmacodynamics of Enantiomers of Methylphenidate in Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Methylphenidate (MPH) is very effective in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in both children and adults. Blockade of the dopamine transporter is thought to produce the therapeutic effects of MPH by increasing concentrations of dopamine within the central nervous system. Although MPH is a racemic compound composed of a 50:50 mixture of dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH) and l-methylphenidate (l-MPH), animal and human studies have confirmed that the d-MPH isomer is responsible for the pharmacodynamic effect of MPH. Positron emission tomography scan images in rats and baboons treated with radiolabeled MPH have confirmed the specificity of the d-isomer and lack of specific binding of the l-isomer. Clinical studies evaluating d-MPH in both children and adults with ADHD have confirmed the efficacy and safety of the stereoselective isomer in the treatment of ADHD. The immediate-release formulation of d-MPH produces effects similar to d,l-MPH in children as measured by teacher-assessed Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham scores, Math test results, Conners Teacher and Parent Rating Scales, Attention Deficit Disorder Rating Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning scale, and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scores. An extended-release formulation with a rapid onset of action and sustained benefit over 12 hours provides similar clinical benefit in children and adults with ADHD with excellent tolerability and the advantage of once-daily dosing.
Comparison of critical current filaments in IGBT short circuit and during diode turn-off

Device simulations of two-dimensional structures with a huge lateral extension indicate that the combination of lateral current flow and a vertical reduction of space-charge region are necessary for the filament formation during the short-circuit operation of IGBTs and the turn-off of diodes. The shape of the electric-field distribution is introduced as new criterion to estimate the rising branch of the short-circuit destruction curve in the Ic-Vce SOA-diagram. The impact of the stray inductance Lstray and the gate resistor RG on the short-circuit destruction limit are experimentally investigated. The presented results allow a deeper understanding of the different electrical short-circuit failure mechanisms (turn-on, quasi-stationary state, turn-off) and their relation to one another.
Intergroup bias among Addis Ababa University students

The purpose of this study was to explore intergroup bias among students in Addis Ababa University Main Campus. Data were collected through unobtrusive measures. Graffiti ascribed by students in toilet rooms, library “tension box” desks, reading tables, building walls and books were collected, categorized into themes and narrated qualitatively. Religion based bias was reflected through the graffiti. The bias often targeted Orthodox Christianity and protestant religious sects. The clash also seems between these religious sects. In addition, political based intergroup bias appeared between supporters and opponents of Ethiopian People Revolutionary Democrat Front, the current ruling party. Some words and phrases unfairly degrade Ethiopian People Revolutionary Democrat Front while others also unfairly promote this party. Most importantly, the findings revealed strained relations among different ethnic groups. The graffiti mainly depicted biased favors and degradation toward Amhara, Oromo and Tigrie ethnic groups. Ethnic based bias was prominently reflected as compared to political and religion based biases.
Fuel for thought? Beeswax in lamps and conical cups from Late Minoan Crete

What was burned in lamps in the prehistoric Mediterranean? Olive oil, as one would first suppose? Analysis of absorbed lipids preserved in the fabric of lamps and conical cups from the Minoan site of Mochlos in eastern Crete shows for the first time that beeswax was used as an illuminant.
Platelet Activity in Habitual Smokers

Foo, Roshidah and Aimy report reduced whole blood platelet aggregation in a carefully controlled study of habitual smokers (1). They suggest that their results preclude a role for enhanced platelet activity in ischaemic heart disease in subjects who smoke. Cross sectional results from the Caerphilly Heart Disease Study also show a markedly lower sensitivity of platelets to adenosine diphosphate in whole blood among habitual smokers who had abstained for over an hour (2) (Table 1). However, the sensitivity to adenosine diphosphate was found to be increased in those subjects who had smoked cigarettes shortly before venesection. This observation is consistent with experimental studies of the acute responses of platelets to smoking (3, 4, 5). The underlying mechanism of this immediate potentiation of platelet activity after smoking followed by a "rebound" reduction is not clear. It may be
Collisional Origin of Families of Irregular Satellites

A distinctive feature of the irregular moons of the giant planets is their orbital grouping. Previously, the prograde and retrograde groups of irregular moons at Jupiter were believed to be groups of fragments produced by the disruption of two large moons. More recently, we have shown that the retrograde group has not one but probably four or more parent bodies. We also found that fragments were launched from two of the four identified parent moons, producing two clusters of irregular moons with members of each group having similar orbits. Named the Ananke and Carme families, these two groups consist of seven and nine known member moons, respectively. The origin of this orbital clustering is unknown. Current rates of collisions among satellites in the retrograde group are too low to explain them. Collisions with cometary impactors are even less likely. Groups of irregular satellites with similar inclinations at Saturn are also yet to be explained. It is conceivable that the satellite families are remnants from early epochs of solar system formation when impactors were more numerous. In this paper we investigate the possibility that satellite families formed via collisions between large parent moons and stray planetesimals. We find that the Ananke and Carme families at Jupiter could indeed have been produced by this mechanism, unless the residual disk of planetesimals in heliocentric orbit was already severely depleted when the irregular satellites formed. Conversely, we find that formation of the Himalia group of prograde Jovian satellites by the same mechanism is unlikely unless a massive residual planetesimal disk was still present when the progenitor moon of the Himalia group was captured. We place constraints on the mass of the residual disk (1) when satellites were captured, and (2) when the Ananke and Carme families formed. These values depend sensitively on the assumed size-frequency distribution of planetesimals.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: What Does a Radiologist Need to Know?

OBJECTIVE The overarching goal of this article is to provide radiologists with the most up-to-date information regarding the underlying epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and imaging findings related to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a potentially deadly new infection. CONCLUSION An increased awareness of MERS-CoV and an understanding of the radiologic features of MERS-CoV can improve the early assessment and monitoring of this new infection. Radiologists can provide information based on chest radiographic and CT scores that can be helpful for patient management and predicting prognosis.
Recent advances in antenna design and interference cancellation algorithms for in-band full duplex relays

In-band full-duplex relays transmit and receive simultaneously at the same center frequency, hence offering enhanced spectral efficiency for relay deployment. In order to deploy such full-duplex relays, it is necessary to efficiently mitigate the inherent self-interference stemming from the strong transmit signal coupling to the sensitive receive chain. In this article, we present novel state-of-the-art antenna solutions as well as digital self-interference cancellation algorithms for compact MIMO full-duplex relays, specifically targeted for reduced-cost deployments in local area networks. The presented antenna design builds on resonant wavetraps and is shown to provide passive isolations on the order of 60-70 dB. We also discuss and present advanced digital cancellation solutions, beyond classical linear processing, specifically tailored against nonlinear distortion of the power amplifier when operating close to saturation. Measured results from a complete demonstrator system, integrating antennas, RF cancellation, and nonlinear digital cancellation, are also presented, evidencing close to 100 dB of overall self-interference suppression. The reported results indicate that building and deploying compact full-duplex MIMO relays is already technologically feasible.
How complex interactions of ischemic brain infarcts, white matter lesions, and atrophy relate to poststroke dementia.

BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular disease is a major factor related to cognitive impairment. However, behavioral correlates of ischemic brain lesions are insufficiently characterized. OBJECTIVE To examine magnetic resonance imaging correlates of dementia in a large, well-defined series of patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS Detailed medical, neurological, and neuropsychological examinations were conducted 3 months after ischemic stroke for 337 of 486 consecutive patients aged 55 to 85 years. Infarcts (type, site, side, number, and volume), extent of white matter lesions (WMLs), and degree of atrophy were categorized according to magnetic resonance images of the head. The definition for dementia of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) was used. RESULTS Dementia was diagnosed in 107 (31.8%) of the patients and stroke-related dementia in 87 (25.8%). Volumes, numbers, distinct sites of infarcts, extent of WMLs, and degree of atrophy were different for the demented and nondemented subjects. Particularly, volumes of infarcts in any (right- or left-sided) superior middle cerebral artery territory (27.3 vs 13.7 cm(3), P =. 002) and left thalamocortical connection (14.8 vs 4.0 cm(3), P =. 002) differentiated the 2 groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the correlates of any dementia included the combination of infarct features (volume of infarcts in any superior middle cerebral artery: odds ratio [OR], 1.11; frequency of left-sided infarcts: OR, 1.21), extent of WMLs (OR, 1.3), medial temporal lobe atrophy (OR, 2.1), and host factors (education; OR, 0.91). In the patients with stroke-related dementia, the main correlate was volume of infarcts in the left anterior corona radiata (OR, 1.68). CONCLUSION Correlates of poststroke dementia do not include merely 1 feature but a combination of infarct features, extent of WMLs, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and host features.
Multiscale Schemes for the BGK-Vlasov-Poisson System in the Quasi-Neutral and Fluid Limits. Stability Analysis and First Order Schemes

This paper deals with the development and the analysis of asymptotically stable and consistent schemes in the joint quasi-neutral and fluid limits for the collisional Vlasov--Poisson system. In these limits, the classical explicit schemes suffer from time step restrictions due to the small plasma period and Knudsen number. To solve this problem, we propose a new scheme stable for choices of time steps independent from the small scale dynamics and with comparable computational cost with respect to standard explicit schemes. In addition, this scheme reduces automatically to consistent discretizations of the underlying asymptotic systems. In this paper, we propose a first order in time scheme, and we perform a relative linear stability analysis to deal with such problems. The framework we propose will permit us to extend this approach to high order schemes in the near future. Finally, we show the capability of the method in dealing with small scales through numerical experiments.