Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lung sequestration: report of seven cases and review of 540 published cases

We present an analysis of 400 intralobar and 133 extralobar sequestrations, six cases presenting intra- and extralobar sequestration simultaneously, five sequestrations of one whole lung, and two bilateral intralobar sequestrations. This anomaly comprises 0·15-6·4% of all congenital pulmonary malformations. Usually the posterior basal segment is affected. The aberrant artery in intralobar sequestration originated in 74% of all cases from the thoracic aorta, and in 14·8% there was more than one anomalous artery. The mean diameter of the aberrant arteries was 6·3-6·6 mm. Usually arteries with predominantly elastic fibres were found. Arteriosclerotic changes were common, even in children. The venous return of the intralobar sequestration is, in 95·7% of all cases, via the pulmonary veins. In 13·7% of all cases other congenital malformations were observed. Symptoms arose within the first decade of life in 37·2% Bronchography and retrograde arteriography are the mainstay of diagnosis. Sequestrations are not supplied by a bronchial artery. Treatment of choice is operation as early as possible. Altogether seven operative deaths were reported, five of which were due to haemorrhage during operation. Of the 133 extralobar sequestrations, 77·4% were located between diaphragm and lower lobe. The arterial supply was provided by branches of the aorta. Some cases were supplied with venous blood by branches of the pulmonary artery. In six cases secondary changes, such as tuberculosis or carcinoma were found. In 60% of all the patients symptoms occurred within the first decade of life. Preoperative diagnosis was correct in only six cases. There were four postoperative deaths.
Differentials and Predictors of IPV against Nigerian Women in Rural and Urban Areas

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a reality the average Nigerian woman has to grapple with every day. Various studies have investigated the factors associated with IPV against women, but there has been a paucity of studies undertaken on the comparative analysis of IPV against women in different places of residence in Sub Saharan Africa. Thus, this study examines the comparative prevalence and predictors of physical, sexual, and emotional IPV among women in rural and urban areas in Nigeria. The study employed the 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) data, and the subsample for this study were married women in Nigeria (N = 26,403). The study reveals several factors that associated with IPV cut across rural and urban areas, like the history of abuse and husband alcohol consumption, while several factors of IPV are peculiar to urban areas (like employment status and age predicting physical IPV), and rural areas (like wealth index and religion predicting physical IPV). The study points out the complex nature of IPV among Nigerian women and this implies that the critical health and support structures and policies for IPV victims should account for the residential context that shapes the victims’ socio-demographic status and abusive experiences.
Noise and Bias Error Due to Polarization Coupling in a Fiber Optic Gyroscope

This paper reports a comprehensive model of the noise and drift induced by polarization coupling in a fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) interrogated with a laser of arbitrary linewidth. It includes the effects of dynamic phase biasing, a realistic description of the laser phase noise and polarization-dependent loss. This model yields concise analytical expressions for the noise and drift dependencies on the laser linewidth, the fiber length and holding parameter h, and the fractional power launched into the unwanted polarization at the input to the sensing coil. For all realistic FOG parameter sets, the polarization-coupling noise is found to be insignificant. For a 1-km coil, a typical holding parameter (h = 10-5) and push-pull modulation, the drift is only ~1 μ rad up to a linewidth of~100 MHz, which is far lower than previously believed. The drift decreases to even lower values for larger linewidths. Experimental measurements of the noise and drift in a 150-m FOG and their dependence on laser linewidth support these predictions. Birefringence modulation can be brought to bear to reduce this residual drift enough to meet the requirement for aircraft inertial navigation. Ultimately, this analysis shows that low-polarization coupling error can be obtained without the use of a broadband source.
Atrial overdrive pacing in patients with sleep apnea with implanted pacemaker.

RATIONALE Atrial overdrive pacing markedly improved sleep-disordered breathing in a recent study. OBJECTIVES Using a single-blind, randomized, crossover design, we aimed to reproduce these findings and investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Twenty ambulatory patients with an implanted pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator were studied by polysomnography on 3 consecutive nights in a randomized, single-blind, crossover study in which devices were programmed for nonpacing or for overdrive pacing at 7 or 15 beats/minute faster than the mean nocturnal heart rate. Ventilation and biomarkers (urinary norepinephrine excretion, amino-terminal portion of the precursor of brain natriuretic peptide, or NT-proBNP, were also evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Neither the primary endpoint apnea-hypopnea index, nor the apnea index, oxygen desaturation, ventilation, or biomarkers were affected by the nocturnal atrial overdrive pacing. A small, clinically insignificant, rate-dependent reduction in the hypopnea index was evoked by pacing (nonpacing, 13.4 +/- 1.4; pacing 7, 12.9 +/- 1.4; pacing 15, 10.9 +/- 1.0; p < 0.01, analysis of variance). CONCLUSIONS The lack of effect on the apnea-hypopnea index means that atrial overdrive pacing is inappropriate for treating sleep-disordered breathing.
Petrography and Geochemistry of the Upper Triassic Sandstones from the Western Ordos Basin, NW China: Provenance and Tectonic Implications

Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the Upper Triassic sandstones in the western Ordos Basin were studied to provide insight into weathering characteristics, provenance, and tectonic implications. Petrographic features show that the sandstones are characterized by low‐medium compositional maturity and textural maturity. The CIA and CIW values reveal weak and moderate weathering history in the source area. The geochemical characteristics together with palaeocurrent data show that the northwestern sediments were mainly derived from the Alxa Block with a typical recycled nature, while the provenance of the western and southwestern sediments were mainly from the Qinling‐Qilian Orogenic Belt. The tectonic setting discrimination diagrams signify that the parent rocks of sandstones in the western and southern Ordos Basin were mainly developed from continental island arc, which is closely related to the evolution of the Qinling‐Qilian Orogenic Belt. However, the sandstones in the northwestern Ordos Basin show complex features, which may be resulted from a typical recycling process. Overall evidence from petrography, geochemistry and sedimentology, together with previous researches suggest the Kongtongshan and Helanshan areas were the southwestern and northwestern boundary of the Ordos Basin, respectively, and there was no clear boundary between the Hexi Corridor Belt and Ordos Basin, where a large, uniform sediment dispersal system developed during the Late Triassic.
Chapter 3 Simulation of Neural Behavior

The brain is an organ that takes the central role in advanced information processing. There exist great many neurons in our brain, which build complicated neural net‐ works. All information processing in the brain is accomplished by neural activity in the form of neural oscillations. In order to understand the mechanisms of information processing, it is necessary to clarify functions of neurons and neural networks. Although the current progress of experiment technology is remarkable, only experiments by themselves cannot uncover the behavior of only a single neuron. Computational neuroscience is a research field, which fills up the deficiency in experiments. By modeling the essential features of a neuron or a neural network, we can analyze their fundamental properties by computer simulation. In this chapter, one aspect of computational neuroscience is described. At the first, the cell membrane and a neuron can be modeled by using an RC circuit. Next, the Hodgkin-Huxley model is intro‐ duced, which has the function of generation of action potentials. Furthermore, many neurons show the subthreshold resonance phenomena, and the cell membrane is necessary to be modeled by an RLC circuit. Finally, some simulation results are shown, and properties of such neuronal behaviors are discussed.
Optimal Strategies for Divestiture

This paper examines a class of optional stopping problems in the context of the divestiture of an asset by a business or an individual. It first describes and analyzes a simple version of the problem, and then considers various generalizations, which are reduced to modified versions of the original problem. Next, it examines a heuristic procedure for obtaining approximate solutions, together with an analysis of the sensitivity of the criterion to a nonoptimal decision rule. Finally, it discusses the effect of a nonstationary environment on the divestiture strategy.
Study of prevalence biofilm forming bacteria and broad-spectrum antibiofilm activity as antiquorum sensing agent of streptomyces secondary metabolites on urinary catheter infections

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is caus ed primarily by the multidrug-resistant biofilm for ming bacteria of uropathogens. The prevention and successful treatment of infections i s difficult when catheters are colonized by bacteri al b ofilm growth. There have been several efforts utilizing biocides in catheterizati ons, in attempts to inhibit all possible bacterial access to catheterized urethra. Nevertheless, it is clearly the case that such approaches are usuall y unsuccessful in the long run. Quorum quenching re presents a new approach for control of infection for highly resistant microorganism. There fo , there is a pressing need to find out natural Quorum Sensing inhibition compounds to overcome the resistance of the uropathogens. This u nique concept of the antimicrobial control depends on reducing the burden of virulence and suppress the development of antibiotic resistan ce rather than killing the bacteria. In the present investigation, the target microorganisms were isolated from attached surface of urinary cath eters which evaluated quantitatively and qualitativ ely using standard techniques. Altogether 100 isolates were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility assays results showed that most of the isolates were resistant to a wide range of beta lactam and non-beta lactam antibiotics. Results of biofilm forming on microtiter plate and sterile foley catheter reveled that these isolates possess a high capacity for biofilm format ion on the both surface at the different degrees (s trong, moderate and weak forming biofilm) and required the only a short contact time for attachment. An anti-biofilm secondary metaboli tes from streptomyces strain sdLi expressed broad-spectrum antibiofilm activity possi bly by interfering with their QS systems against si x different species producing strong biofilm and multi-drug resistance. The anti-biofilm of secondary metabolites strain sdLi against six s pecies was examined on sterilized cover glasses and urinary catheter sections using light m icroscope and scanning electron microscopy respecti vely. Evidence is presented that sdLi streptomyces secondary metabolites showed broad-spe ctrum activity to attenuate the Quorum Sensing dependent biofilm. The investigation of quorum-sensing control may lead to the development of novel antipathogenic drugs.
Fluoroscopic evaluation of gastrointestinal transit time in African Grey parrots

Contrast studies are commonly performed to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract. With ever increasing knowledge of Proventricular Dilation Disease (PDD) in psittacines, and its association with avian bornavirus, radiographic assessment of the proventriculus is used as a diagnostic and screening tool for PDD (Bond and others, 1993, Boutette and others 2004, Clubb and others 2006). Contrast radiography is carried out following crop tube administration of a radiopaque solution. The resulting radiographic series gives information on gastrointestinal tract morphology with approximation of transit time by evaluating contrast medium progression. However, each single exposure requires fixed positioning, and stress associated with repeated handling and restraint can directly affect motility, thus distorting results (Tully and others 2000). Use of anaesthesia is advisable in minimising stress and improving positioning, but this risks regurgitation of contrast medium on induction with associated aspiration pneumonia. Anaesthesia itself has effects on intestinal contractility (Tully and others 2000). Gaseous anaesthetic induction can also lead to aerophagia and gaseous dilation of the gastrointestinal tract, complicating film interpretation and potentially leading to false positive identification of proventricular dilation (McMillan 1999). There is significant variation of gastrointestinal transit time reported between avian species, and also between individuals with factors such as diet, food availability, health, stress, medications administered and age cited as factors (Garcia Martinez and others 2007). Fluoroscopy has been proposed as an alternative to radiography, avoiding some of the complicating factors and offering additional advantages (Ritchie and others 2004, Harcourt-Brown 2005). The real-time images produced allow assessment of gastrointestinal tract …
The Effects of a Flavour - Toxicosis Pairing upon Long-Delay, Flavour aVersion Learning

Mackintosh (1973) has suggested that rats readily associate flavours with illnesses in cue-to-consequence studies because they have already learned that changes in internal states are unrelated to changes in external stimuli. An implication of this suggestion is that learned predispositions may also subserve the ability of rats to form long-delay, flavour-illness associations. Six experiments tested this idea by examining the strengths of aversions in a delayed flavour-toxicosis paradigm after exposure to a paired or unpaired relation between another flavour and toxicosis. Exposure to a paired relation enhanced the strengths of subsequently established flavour aversions (Experiment I). The enhanced aversions were associative in origin (Experiment II), observed with delays of 3 h and 1·5 h in, respectively, a forward (Experiment III) and backward (Experiment IV) delayed conditioning paradigm and with a 10-day interval between the flavour-toxin pairing and the delayed paradigm (Experiment V). The enhanced aversions, however, were removed by the extinction of the original flavour aversion prior to the delayed flavour-toxin pairing (Experiment VI). The results supported the idea that the ability of the rat to form long-delay, flavour–illness associations reflects an associative history involving flavours and internal changes and were discussed in terms of Mackintosh's (1975) theory of the mechanism underlying stimulus selection. The effects of a flavour-toxicosis pairing upon long-delay, flavour aversion learning.
Impact of salivary flow and lysozyme content and output on the oral health of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to examine salivary flow rate, DMF index, lysozyme concentration and its output in two groups of rheumatoid patients and to compare the results with those of healthy controls. MATERIAL/METHODS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were divided into two study groups: with reduced salivary flow rate ≤0.15 ml/min (RA HS, hyposalivation) and with normal salivary secretion rate >0.2 ml/min (RA NS, normal salivation). The healthy control group (C) was recruited from the Department of Conservative Dentistry. Salivary lysozyme concentration was determined by radial immunodiffusion. ANOVA followed by LSD test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS We found that lysozyme concentration was higher and lysozyme output and salivary flow rate were statistically lower in the RA HS group in comparison to the RA NS and C groups. The DMF index was statistically higher in both RA groups in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSIONS RA disease impacts negatively on oral health and salivary parameters. Hyposalivation of RA patients increases the negative influence of RA on oral health. RA patients should receive more stomatological attention.
Fijación de carbono atmosférico en la biomasa total de sistemas de producción de cacao en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia

Los sistemas de uso del suelo con lenosas perennes, como cacaotales, mitigan el cambio climatico, al capturar CO2 atmosferico. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la fijacion de carbono en biomasa total en los sistemas de produccion de cacao, dominantes del Tolima, Colombia. El estudio, se realizo en Rovira y Falan, empleando un diseno experimental, completamente al azar, con seis sistemas de produccion de cacao: monocultivo, sistema agroforestal (SAF) con maderables, SAF con aguacate, SAF con citricos, SAF con frutales, y SAF con maderables y frutales y tres repeticiones. Se establecieron dos parcelas de muestreo rectangulares, de 1.000m 2 por unidad de muestreo, donde se identificaron y midieron los arboles con dap ≥ 10cm (diametro del tronco a la altura del pecho -dap- y altura total -ht). Se establecieron dos sub-parcelas de 256m 2 , por parcela principal, para medir arbustos de cacao: ht y diametro del tronco, a 30 cm de altura (D30). Se emplearon modelos alometricos, para estimar la biomasa. El SAF con maderables y frutales y SAF con frutales presentaron la mayor biomasa total (122,0 y 72,5t/ha). En el SAF con maderables y frutales, se evidencio el mayor almacenamiento de carbono, con 61,0t C/ha, mientras que la mayor tasa de fijacion de carbono fue de 17,7t/ha/ano, para el SAF con citricos. Los resultados sugieren que la produccion de cacao, que incluyen otras especies vegetales, diversifica la produccion e incrementa la seguridad alimentaria y la generacion de servicios ambientales, tal como la captura de carbono atmosferico.
Primary Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy For FIGO Stage IB 1 Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Uterine Cervix : Report of A Case And Review of The Literature

Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a very rare and exceedingly aggressive malignancy which is classified as a neuroendocrine tumor according to the current World Health Organization histological classification of tumors of the uterine cervix (2003). Actually, patients with cervical small cell carcinoma have poor prognosis in both early and advanced cancer stage. Moreover, due to the rarity of the disease there is no consensus regarding optimal treatment. Herein, we report a case of 62 year old woman with early stage of small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with primary concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by radical surgery and discuss the clinical and pathological features, treatment and prognosis of this tumor.
A factorial analysis of sex­ratio data. A comment on two papers by Edwards

INTRODUCTION From a factorial analysis of x2, applied to data published by Renkonen (1956) and Renkonen, Makela, & Lehtovaara (1961), Edwards (1961, 1962) concluded that the data provided evidence for a positive association between the sexes of successive children in a family. He went on to speculate on possible causes such as intra-uterine mortality. He suggested also that there was a tendency for family planning to limit family size after the successive births of unlike sexed children. No families were excluded from the data which were published in his papers. On the other hand, Renkonen and co-workers (1966, 1961, 1963) analysed the same data and a similar set of data published elsewhere (Geissler, 1889), in terms of the sex ratio (no. of boys per 100 girls). They concluded that (1) there is a tendency for families having had children all of one sex to have more children of the same sex (‘unisexual’ families), and (2) apart from this tendency, male pregnancies render couples less likely to have boys in succeeding pregnancies. They suggested that the latter was possible if male pregnancies immunize a small portion of the mothers against male (Y) antigen and this immunization is then harmful to subsequent male foetuses. These findings from virtually the same data are at least superficially opposite. Moreover, my impression is that the authors believe that different biological mechanisms are involved in their respective explanations. I n this paper it is contended that these data are readily explained on the assumption that genetic variation in the trait ‘sex ratio’ exists, and that the psychological process of family planning has resulted in some families being limited in size to two children when the first two children have been of unlike sex. Hence there is no need to consider biological factors facilitating either similar or dissimilar sexes in successive births.
Cultivation and Transmission of Etiological Agent of Kidney Disease in Salmonid Fishes

Summary Media have been devised for the cultivation and isolation of the etiological agent of kidney disease in salmon and trout. It is noteworthy that growth occurs readily on addition of cysteine to complex blood media, which otherwise do not support growth. Koch's postulates have been fulfilled establishing that the organism isolated is the etiological agent of the disease.
Reselection of a Genomic Upstream Open Reading Frame in Mouse Hepatitis Coronavirus 5′-Untranslated-Region Mutants

ABSTRACT An AUG-initiated upstream open reading frame (uORF) encoding a potential polypeptide of 3 to 13 amino acids (aa) is found within the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of >75% of coronavirus genomes based on 38 reference strains. Potential CUG-initiated uORFs are also found in many strains. The AUG-initiated uORF is presumably translated following genomic 5′-end cap-dependent ribosomal scanning, but its function is unknown. Here, in a reverse-genetics study with mouse hepatitis coronavirus, the following were observed. (i) When the uORF AUG-initiating codon was replaced with a UAG stop codon along with a U112A mutation to maintain a uORF-harboring stem-loop 4 structure, an unimpaired virus with wild-type (WT) growth kinetics was recovered. However, reversion was found at all mutated sites within five virus passages. (ii) When the uORF was fused with genomic (main) ORF1 by converting three in-frame stop codons to nonstop codons, a uORF-ORF1 fusion protein was made, and virus replicated at WT levels. However, a frameshifting G insertion at virus passage 7 established a slightly 5′-extended original uORF. (iii) When uAUG-eliminating deletions of 20, 30, or 51 nucleotides (nt) were made within stem-loop 4, viable but debilitated virus was recovered. However, a C80U mutation in the first mutant and an A77G mutation in the second appeared by passage 10, which generated alternate uORFs that correlated with restored WT growth kinetics. In vitro, the uORF-disrupting nondeletion mutants showed enhanced translation of the downstream ORF1 compared with the WT. These results together suggest that the uORF represses ORF1 translation yet plays a beneficial but nonessential role in coronavirus replication in cell culture.