Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium Activation of Heart Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

Parallel activation of heart mitochondria NADH and ATP production by Ca2+ has been shown to involve the Ca2+-sensitive dehydrogenases and the F0F1-ATPase. In the current study we hypothesize that the response time of Ca2+-activated ATP production is rapid enough to support step changes in myocardial workload (∼100 ms). To test this hypothesis, the rapid kinetics of Ca2+ activation ofmV˙ O2 , [NADH], and light scattering were evaluated in isolated porcine heart mitochondria at 37 °C using a variety of optical techniques. The addition of Ca2+ was associated with an initial response time (IRT) ofmV˙ O2 that was dose-dependent with a minimum IRT of 0.27 ± 0.02 s (n = 41) at 535 nm Ca2+. The IRTs for NADH fluorescence and light scattering in response to Ca2+ additions were similar tomV˙ O2 . The Ca2+ IRT formV˙ O2 was significantly shorter than 1.6 mm ADP (2.36 ± 0.47 s; p ≤ 0.001, n = 13), 2.2 mm Pi (2.32 ± 0.29, p ≤ 0.001, n = 13), or 10 mm creatine (15.6.±1.18 s, p ≤ 0.001, n = 18) under similar experimental conditions. Calcium effects were inhibited with 8 μm ruthenium red (2.4 ± 0.31 s;p ≤ 0.001, n = 16) and reversed with EGTA (1.6 ± 0.44; p ≤ 0.01, n= 6). Estimates of Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria using optical Ca2+ indicators trapped in the matrix revealed a sufficiently rapid uptake to cause the metabolic effects observed. These data are consistent with the notion that extramitochondrial Ca2+ can modify ATP production, via an increase in matrix Ca2+ content, rapidly enough to support cardiac work transitions in vivo.
The relationship between impulsivity and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease

A range of behaviors presumed to be related to dopaminergic medications have been recently recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated 50 consecutive cognitively intact PD patients on stable dopamine agonist and levodopa therapy and 100 healthy controls for compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive buying, or intermittent explosive disorders assessed by the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview (MIDI), pathological gambling (South Oaks Gambling Screen, SOGS), impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), compulsivity (Maudsley obsessional‐compulsive inventory), and depression scores (Geriatric Depression Scale). Overall 28% PD (14/50) and 20% healthy controls (20/100) reported at least one abnormal behavior at MIDI or pathological SOGS score. PD patients had higher scores than controls for impulsivity (P = 0.006), compulsivity (P < 0.001), and depression (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between impulsivity, compulsivity, and depression scores in PD. Male gender and higher impulsivity score, but not dose and kind of dopaminergic medications, were associated in PD with increased probability of impulsive disorders at MIDI. Impulse control disorders are also common in the control population. Individual susceptibility factors, such as high impulsivity and depression, underline abnormal behaviors in PD patients treated with stable dopaminergic therapy. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
[The effects of active and passive humidification on ventilation-associated nosocomial pneumonia].

STUDY OBJECTIVE Airway humidification of ventilated patients in an intensive care unit may be established by heated humidifying systems (active) or by the means of a (passive) heat and moisture exchange filter (HMEF). There is a controversial discussion about the influence of the type of humidification on the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Among 3,585 patients both methods were tested over a period of 21 months in an open, non-randomized cohort study. The aim of the investigation was to compare the incidence of VAP caused by a change of humidification strategy. METHOD All patients in a 16-bed surgical intensive care unit who required mechanical ventilation, were included. In the first period (period AB) 1,887 cases were handled with a heated humidifier. During the second period (period PB) 1,698 patients were treated using a HMEF. Infection control was established according to the national Infection Surveillance Program (KISS) based on the CDC criteria for VAP. RESULTS During the period of 42 months, 99 cases of VAP were reported. The incidence for VAP was found to be 13.5 (AB) and 9.6 (PB) per 1,000 ventilator days, a rate of 32.3 and 22.4 VAP per 1,000 patients, respectively. The rate of VAP among the groups ( p=0.068) and the incidence of VAP per 1,000 ventilator days ( p=0.089) only just failed to reach a significant level, but in the group of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 2 days, the difference did reach statistical significance ( p=0.012). CONCLUSION Our results showed that the rate of VAP could be significantly reduced by changing the strategy from active to passive humidification devices, especially concerning patients requiring long-term respirator therapy. A more physiological humidification and a reduced number of airway manipulations are discussed as a possible explanation.
Demography of the Arab World : Perinatal Mortality , Birth Defects , Consanguinity and Birth Control

With achievements in decreasing infant mortality rate, improving healthcare and somewhat declining fertility rate, population growth remains at the highest in the Arab World. Extended family, where women carry subordinate status, expansion of religious attitudes into secular life have been proposed for the peculiarities in demography. Consanguinity is traditionally prevalent; some countries with significant immigrant subpopulation feature segregated reproductive groups. Religious considerations reduce open-access to family planning, birth control and cancel the possibility of termination of unwanted, defected pregnancies. These phenomena translate into a higher prevalence of birth defects, especially of congenital heart disease that present with higher complexity. Failure to integrate the youth bulge into their labour market led to serious consequences of radicalization, violence and migration in the Arab world. Majority of the countries experienced political instability ranging from riots to complete disintegration of the political state. Root-causes of recent upsurge in migration are complex, however, they apparently contain demographic elements.
Nonviable mutants of simian virus 40 with deletions near the 3' end of gene A define a function for large T antigen required after onset of viral DNA replication

Deletion mutants of simian virus 40 (SV40) with lesions at the three DdeI sites near the 3' end of the early region were constructed. Mutants with deletions at 0.203 and 0.219 map units (mu) which did not change the large T antigen reading frame were viable. This extends slightly the upstream boundary for the location of viable mutants with deletions in the 3' end of the A gene. Mutants with frameshift deletions at 0.193 and 0.219 mu were nonviable. These are the first nonviable mutants with deletions in this portion of the A gene. None of the three nonviable mutants with deletions at 0.219 mu produced progeny viral DNA. These three mutants all used the alternate reading frame located in this portion of the SV40 early region. The mutant with a deletion at 0.193 mu, dlA2459, was positive for viral DNA replication and was defective for adenovirus helper function. All of these mutations were located in the portion of the SV40 large T antigen which has no homology to the polyoma T antigens. These results indicate that this portion of large T antigen is required for some late step in the viral growth cycle and suggest that adenovirus helper function is required for productive infection by SV40.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON POPULATION BUILDUP OF KHAPRA BEETLE, TROGODERMA GRANARIUM (EVERTS) AND ITS DAMAGE INTENSITY CAUSED TO STORED WHEAT

ARTICLE INFORMATION Received: April 4, 2013 Received in revised form: February 6, 2014 Accepted: August 17, 2014 The study was conducted in Grain Storage Research Institute of Southern-zone Agricultural Research Centre, PARC, Karachi during 2009-10, to evaluate the effect of temperature on population buildup of khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) and its damage intensity caused to stored wheat (Triticum aestivum). Fifteen kg wheat sample (irrespective of variety) was collected from Sindh Government godowns located in Landhi, Karachi and fumigated with Aluminium phosphide tablets to nullify the possibility of previous infestation. The insect initially reared on healthy wheat grains at 30±2°C and 70±5% relative th humidity. Later on, 30 larvae of 5 instar were used in the experiment. The results reveal that, 0 maximum population of 958 khapra was observed at room temperature (22 C) followed by 0 0 0 747, 611 and 4 at 32 C, 34 C and 41 C, respectively. The maximum weight loss of 19.25% caused by khapra was recorded at room temperature, followed by 16.00%, 14.23% and 0 0 0 0.11% at 32 C, 34 C and 41 C, respectively. The maximum damaged grain % (22.36%) was 0 0 recorded also at room temperature, followed by 18.47%, 12.035 and 0.24% at 32 C, 34 C and 0 41 C, respectively. The data also reveals that, maximum healthy grain % (99.76%) was 0 0 0 recorded at 41 C, followed by 87.96, 81.52 and 77.63at 34 C, 32 C and at room temperature. 0 The results show that, room temperature is ideal for khapra production and temperature 41 C is not favourable for the production of khapra beetle. From the results it is also depicted that, insect population has positive correlation with weight loss% and damaged grain%. population significantly.
Energy-dependent efflux of cadmium coded by a plasmid resistance determinant in Staphylococcus aureus

Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strain 17810R to Cd2+ appears to be due to a plasmid-coded Cd2+ efflux system. Complete efflux of Cd2+ after transfer of preloaded cells into Cd2+-free medium occurred in the resistant strain 17810R, but not in the plasmidless derivative strain 17810S. Net efflux was blocked by 2,4-dinitrophenol, N,N,-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), and incubation at 4 degrees C. The inhibition of Cd2+ efflux by DCCD paralleled a stimulation of net uptake in the resistant cells by this agent. Cd2+ efflux by the resistant strain was accompanied by a reversal of inhibition of respiration, whereas in the sensitive strain, inhibition of respiration was not reversed after transfer to Cd2+-free medium. Net Cd2+ uptake by strain 17810R was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. In Cd2+ contrast, Cd2+ uptake by the plasmidless strain 17810S was affected neither by p-chloromercuribenzoate nor by DCCD when added alone, but was blocked by a combination of these two agents. Valinomycin had no effect on the reduced Cd2+ uptake by the resistant strain, whereas nigericin stimulated uptake to values comparable to those of the untreated sensitive cells. With sensitive cells, valinomycin reduced Cd2+ uptake by about 50%, whereas nigericin was without effect. A possible mechanism of Cd2+ movements in both strains is discussed.
11 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS IN RABBITS

Salivary glands are important in research articles, because of their different functions (Asari et al., 2000). They develop in different locations, having a very various architecture, secreting different types of saliva (Jaskoll et al., 2002). The major salivary glands are parotid, mandibular and sublingual glands. These glands have an important role in aliments’ digestion through their secretions (saliva), which is serous, mucous or sero-mucous, containing different enzymes, water, mucopolysaccharides and lubrefiant glycoproteins (Al-Saffar and Simawy, 2014; Boșca et al., 2014). In this study, we used five healthy male rabbits from a private breeder in Cluj, sacrificed by the owner for own consumption. Subsequently, the anatomical regions of major salivary glands were shaved and cleaned with alcohol. Macroscopical exam revealed that the rabbits’ parotid gland is the most voluminous gland, having the aspect of a scythe blade. The mandibular gland has a lobate appearance. We noticed that there is an asymmetry between the two mandibular glands, the right one being more developed than the left one. Sublingual gland is the smallest gland, being covered by surrounding connective tissue. Inferior buccal glands gathered and formed a major salivary gland, the labial gland, situated at the lips commissure.
Morphometric Study of the Role of Pulmonary Arterial Flow in Fetal Lung Growth in Sheep

ABSTRACT: Pulmonary hypoplasia has been associated with absent or hypoplastic pulmonary artery in four cases in humans. Despite these reports, the effects of decreased pulmonary arterial flow on fetal lung growth have not been adequately studied. This study defines the effects of left pulmonary artery (LPA) ligation on fetal lung growth in sheep by comparing morphometrically determined pulmonary volumes from LPA-ligated, sham-operated, and unoperated control fetuses. LPA ligation (n = 5) or sham operation (n = 4) was performed at 105- to 114-d gestation. At 140-d gestation these fetuses were delivered and the lungs were intratracheally fixed for light microscopy. At 112 d (n = 4) and at 140 d (n = 4), unoperated control fetuses were similarly delivered. Absolute pulmonary volumes were then measured using standard stereologic methods. Normal growth of the left lung from 112 to 140 d resulted in significant increases in wet and dry wt, displacement volume, and volumes of future airspace and capillary contents. LPA ligation caused significant decreases in left lung wet and dry wt, displacement volume, and in absolute volumes of fine nonparenchyma, future airspace, parenchymal tissue, and capillary contents compared to sham-operated and 140-d controls. Parenchymal tissue volume was also less than in 112-d controls. In addition, lung wt, displacement volume, and future airspace volume were significantly decreased in sham-operated fetuses compared to 140-d controls. The effects of LPA ligation on bronchial collateral circulation and factors known to affect lung growth (i.e. lung fluid volume) remain to be determined. Clearly, during the canalicular and alveolar stage of fetal lung development, pulmonary arterial flow is necessary for normal lung growth.
The Mediation Effect of Psychological Contract Fulfillment on Discretionary Human Resource Practices and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of Hotel Employees

The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between discretionary HR (Human Resource) practices and OCBs (Organizational Citizenship behaviors), and to clarify the mediating effects of psychological contract fulfillment. 380 operational employees from 22 large hotels in Malaysia participated in this study. The results show that discretionary HR practices, particularly training and development, performance management, and participation and involvement have significant positive relationship with either OCBO (Organizational Citizenship behavior – Organization) or OCBI (Organizational Citizenship behavior – Individual). Furthermore, psychological contract fulfillment was a significant mediating mechanism of the relationship between discretionary HR practices and OCBs. These findings suggest that practicing hotel managers should continue to place greater emphasis on HR practices in order to enhance feeling of psychological contract and to promote greater OCBs among hotel’s operational employees.
Is the speech-language pathology profession prepared for an ageing population? An Australian survey

Abstract Purpose: This study profiled the demographic characteristics and practice patterns of speech-language pathologists working with older Australians to inform future workforce planning and service development in response to an ageing population and aged care sector reform. Method: Data were collected through snowball distribution of an online survey comprising six sections: demographic details; caseload and service delivery practices, degree of inter-professional practice; engagement with professional development and support; and assessment and management of swallowing, mealtime and communication difficulties. All data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square to determine the independence of key variables. Result: Data from 145 speech-language pathologists highlight the need for increased numbers of clinicians working outside of metropolitan areas and greater workforce diversity, along with increased incentive, supervision and inter-professional support for new graduate and early career clinicians considering working outside of hospital settings. To ensure evidence-based practice, further research into the validity of current assessment and intervention methods used across aged care settings is needed. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for an extended scope of practice and improved models of support for speech-language pathologists working with older people to better respond to the needs of an ageing population and on-going aged care sector reform.
Isotropic transformation materials for the controlling of flexural waves in plates

The local affine transformation based method has been applied to the controlling of the flexural waves in plates and the isotropic transformation material properties are analytically derived in the conformal transformation mappings. A flexural waves beam bender is designed as a sample and the numerical simulations verify that it can control the wave propagation direction well in the plates.
Effect of Newly Characterized Probiotic Lactobacilli on Weight Gain, Immunomodulation and Gut Microbiota of Campylobacter jejuni Challenged Broiler Chicken

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: January 08, 2019 February 12, 2019 February 13, 2019 April 06, 2019 The aim of the present study was to determine the competitive exclusion of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry gut by three potential probiotic lactobacilli strains. A total of 135 birds of one day age were randomly divided into nine groups. The groups of prevention model received respective strains from day 1-35 and treatment model received lactobacilli from day 15-35 (after challenging with C. jejuni). These groups were given lactobacilli (~10 CFUs) while challenged with C. jejuni on day 14 by oral gavage (10 CFUs/bird). There were three control groups including A, B and I. Negative control (A) did not receive any treatment, C. jejuni was given to group B and group I was given Enrofloxacin formulation. Cloacal swabs were collected from birds of each group before and after challenge while the ceca were collected from birds after slaughtering (on day 35) for enumeration of aerobic bacteria, coliform, C. jejuni, lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium on selective agar plates. Effect of lactobacilli on weight gain and New Castle Disease vaccine (NDV) titer were also evaluated. Probiotic strain Lactobacillus gallinarum PL 53 considerably decreased log10 values of aerobic plate count (3.19±0.66), coliform count (2.83±0.22) and C. jejuni (3.98±0.77) in poultry. The probiotics also enhanced Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp counts (~2-3 log increase). Treatment group C had maximum weight gain (1994±188.32g) and geometric mean titer (274.4) on day 28. The results of in-vivo experiments concluded that probiotic administration may be effective for targeted mitigation of C. jejuni in broiler birds. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved
Conformity Analysis Between Experimental and Theoretical Data in the Study Collisions of Relativistic Heavy Ion ( The Case-Space )

We applied the wavelet methodology to study the results of the chaotic behavior of the production of particles in relativistic collisions of heavy ions. We use wavelet coherence to analyze the correspondence between theoretical and experimental data. We examined the 1-D phase space of variable (the case  -space). We also compared the wavelet coherence values for  -space and  -space. It was also shown that the values of the wavelet of coherence depend on the values of the parameters p and q. We discussed our new results for the comparison purpose and findings were in the good agreements.
One-parameter models for sentence-level post-editing effort estimation

Methods to predict the effort needed to post-edit a given machine translation (MT) output are seen as a promising direction to making MT more useful in the translation industry. Despite the wide variety of approaches that have been proposed, with increasing complexity as regards their number of features and parameters, the problem is far from solved. Focusing on post-editing time as effort indicator, this paper takes a step back and analyses the performance of very simple, easy to interpret one-parameter estimators that are based on general properties of the data: (a) a weighted average of measured post-editing times in a training set, where weights are an exponential function of edit distances between the new segment and those in training data; (b) post-editing time as a linear function of the length of the segment; and (c) source and target statistical language models. These simple estimators outperform strong baselines and are surprisingly competitive compared to more complex estimators, which have many more parameters and combine rich features. These results suggest that before blindly attempting sophisticated machine learning approaches to build post-editing effort predictors, one should ﬁrst consider simple, intuitive and interpretable models, and only then incrementally improve them by adding new features and gradually increasing their complexity. In a preliminary analysis, simple linear combinations of estimators of types (b) and (c) do not seem to be able to improve the performance of the single best estimator, which suggests that more complex, non-linear models could indeed be beneﬁcial when multiple indicators are used.
Constitutive STAT3 Activation in Intestinal T Cells from Patients with Crohn's Disease*

Via cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways, cytokines induce a variety of biological responses and modulate the outcome of inflammatory diseases and malignancies. Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Perturbation of the intestinal cytokine homeostasis is believed to play a pivotal role, but the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease is not fully understood. Here, we study intestinal T cells from Crohn's disease and healthy volunteers. We show that STAT3 and STAT4 are constitutively activated in Crohn's patients but not in healthy volunteers. The activation is specific, because other STAT proteins are not constitutively activated. Furthermore, the STAT3 regulated protein, SOCS3, is also constitutively expressed in Crohn's patients but not in healthy volunteers. Taken together, these data provide evidence of abnormal STAT/SOCS signaling in Crohn's disease. This aberrant activation, so far noted only in malignant cells, establish a new critical approach for better understanding the immunopathogenesis of Crohn's disease.