Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations: What Limits Directional Selection?

Studies of phenotypic selection document directional selection in many natural populations. What factors reduce total directional selection and the cumulative evolutionary responses to selection? We combine two data sets for phenotypic selection, representing more than 4,600 distinct estimates of selection from 143 studies, to evaluate the potential roles of fitness trade-offs, indirect (correlated) selection, temporally varying selection, and stabilizing selection for reducing net directional selection and cumulative responses to selection. We detected little evidence that trade-offs among different fitness components reduced total directional selection in most study systems. Comparisons of selection gradients and selection differentials suggest that correlated selection frequently reduced total selection on size but not on other types of traits. The direction of selection on a trait often changes over time in many temporally replicated studies, but these fluctuations have limited impact in reducing cumulative directional selection in most study systems. Analyses of quadratic selection gradients indicated stabilizing selection on body size in at least some studies but provided little evidence that stabilizing selection is more common than disruptive selection for most traits or study systems. Our analyses provide little evidence that fitness trade-offs, correlated selection, or stabilizing selection strongly constrains the directional selection reported for most quantitative traits.
Old clothes, new looks : second-hand fashion

Introduction--Alexandra Palmer, Royal Ontario Museum, Canada and Hazel Clark, Parsons School of Design Historical Perspectives * Introduction--Alexandra Palmer, Royal Ontario Museum and Hazel Clark, Parsons School of Design * 'The Florentine Arigattieri: Second Hand Clothing Dealers and the Circulation of Goods in the Renaissance'--Carole Collier Frick, Southern Illinois University * 'Shifting Currency: the Culture and Economy of the Second Hand Trade in England, c. 1600-1850'--Beverly Lemire, University of New Brunswick, Canada * 'Cast Offs: Civilization, Charity or Commerce? Aspects of Second Hand Clothing Use in Australia'--Margot Riley, Independent Scholar * 'Second Hand Silk Kimono Migrating Across Borders'--Terry Satsuki Milhaupt, Independent Researcher * 'Parcels from America: American Clothes in Ireland, c. 1930 - 1980'--Hilary O'Kelly, National College of Art and Design, Dublin Trading Cultures * Introduction--Alexandra Palmer, Royal Ontarion Museum and Hazel Clark, Parsons School of Art and Design * Crafting Appearances: The Second Hand Clothing Trade and DressPractices in Zambia'--Karen Tranberg Hansen, Northwestern University * 'Creative Entrepreneurs: The Recycling of Second Hand Indian Clothing'--Lucy Norris, University College London * 'Ukay-Ukay@ Chic: Tales of Second Hand Clothing in the Philippine Cordillera'--Lynne Milgram, Ontario College of Art and Design, Canada * 'Second Hand Fashion, Culture and Identity in Hong Kong'--Hazel Clark, Parsons Scool of Art and Design Contemporary Re-Fashioning * Introduction--Alexandra Palmer, Royal Ontario Museum and Hazel Clark, Parsons School of Art and Design * 'Sixties Dress Only! The Consumption of the Past in a Retro Scene'--Heike Jen, Dortmund University, Germany * 'Vintage Whores and Vintage Virgins: Second Hand Fashion in the 21st Century'--Alexandra Palmer, Royal Ontario Museum * 'Working the Edge: XULY.Bt=s Recycled Clothing'--Victoria Rovine
A self-analysis of the NASA-TLX workload measure

Computer use and, more specifically, the administration of tests and materials online continue to proliferate. A number of subjective, self-report workload measures exist, but the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is probably the most well known and used. The aim of this paper is to consider the workload costs associated with the computer-based and paper versions of the NASA-TLX measure. It was found that there is a significant difference between the workload scores for the two media, with the computer version of the NASA-TLX incurring more workload. This has implications for the practical use of the NASA-TLX as well as for other computer-based workload measures.
Contextual influences on reproductive wellness in northern India.

OBJECTIVES There has been a growing recognition of the importance of contextual influences on health outcomes. This article examines community-level influences on 5 reproductive wellness outcomes in Uttar Pradesh, India. METHODS Multilevel modeling is used to estimate household and community-level effects on wellness, with hierarchically organized data from a statewide survey of villages, urban blocks, households, women, health providers, and staff. RESULTS The household and community have a strong contextual influence on wellness, although the models explain more of the variation in outcomes between households than between communities. CONCLUSIONS Communities influence wellness outcomes through the socioeconomic environment and the characteristics of the health infrastructure. The specific dimensions of the community and health infrastructure varied between the outcomes.
Series-Input Series-Rectifier Interleaved Forward Converter With a Common Transformer Reset Circuit for High-Input-Voltage Applications

A new interleaved forward (IF) converter, adopting the series-input series-rectifier (SISR) structure with a common transformer reset circuit (CTRC), is proposed in this paper. The series-input structure distributes the switch voltage stress so that it is suitable for high-input-voltage applications. Moreover, in order to simplify the total circuit, one active-clamp circuit is shared with two forward converters as a CTRC for transformer reset. In addition, the series-rectifier structure with a common output inductor guarantees a fair current balance between the primary modules, while the interleaving technique reduces the output-filter size. All these features make the proposed SISR IF converter promising for high-input-voltage applications with a high efficiency and a simple structure.
Coopetition Methodology for Resource Sharing in Distributed OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, we present a distributed resource allocation mechanism in cognitive radio networks, based on a new coopetition methodology, which combines advantages of nodes' competition and cooperation. We postulate that this new method allows for fully distributed resource management between cognitive radio devices. The presented framework is generic, however, we consider it for the application in OFDMA networks. Coopetition takes the best from cooperative and competitive problem formulation, and provides the opportunity to control the balance between fairness and spectral efficiency (SE) of resource allocation. Simulation results confirm that coopetition allows for efficient resource utilization, and may be used practically in wireless cognitive networks.
Contrôle de la dynamique de la biomasse phytoplanctonique dans le Pacifique tropical ouest

Le Pacifique tropical ouest (120°E-160°W, 20°S-20°N) est une region complexe ou coexistent deux ecosystemes aux frontieres variables, et aux caracteristiques physiques et biologiques tres differentes : la warm pool a l'ouest, ecosysteme oligotrophe limite par le nitrate, et la cold tongue a l'est, limitee par le fer. Nous utilisons les concentrations en chlorophylle SeaWiFS comme proxy pour la biomasse phytoplanctonique sur la periode septembre 1997 a decembre 2004. Une analyse statistique nous permet de degager les principaux modes spatiaux-temporels ou se concentre la variabilite de la chlorophylle. Nous etudions ensuite successivement le cycle saisonnier, une manifestation de l'activite interannuelle et l'action des coups de vent d'ouest a l'echelle intrasaisonniere. Nous montrons ainsi que la variabilite des vents et des courants controle au premier ordre la biologie dans le Pacifique tropical ouest. Cette etude met egalement en lumiere l'influence de la topographie sur la variabilite de la chlorophylle, bien au-dela des regions cotieres.
Management of rheumatoid arthritis: summary of NICE guidance

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease associated with inflammation principally in synovial joints and affecting over 400 000 people in the United Kingdom.1 In recent years it has become clear that pain and disability can be avoided if the disease is recognised early and treated promptly and appropriately. It is therefore crucial that all health professionals have knowledge of the recognition, management, and appropriate referral of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This article summarises the recommendations in the guideline from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the management of rheumatoid arthritis, from early identification to managing chronic and severe disease.2 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the opinion of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Referral, diagnosis, and investigations [ Based on high and moderate quality observational studies of early prognosis and identification or diagnosis ] [ Based on data from case series ]
Audio Deepdream: Optimizing raw audio with convolutional networks

The hallucinatory images of DeepDream [8] opened up the ﬂoodgates for a recent wave of artwork generated by neural networks. In this work, we take ﬁrst steps to applying this to audio. We believe a key to solving this problem is training a deep neural network to perform a perception task on raw audio. Consequently, we have followed in the footsteps of Van den Oord et al [13] and trained a network to predict embeddings that were themselves the result of a collaborative ﬁltering model. A key difference is that we learn features directly from the raw audio, which creates a chain of differentiable functions from raw audio to high level features. We then use gradient descent on the network to extract samples of ”dreamed” audio. Examples are available at http://tiny.cc/78qqdy.
Lipidomic analysis of lipid droplets from murine hepatocytes reveals distinct signatures for nutritional stress[S]

Liver steatosis can be induced by fasting or high-fat diet. We investigated by lipidomic analysis whether such metabolic states are reflected in the lipidome of hepatocyte lipid droplets (LDs) from mice fed normal chow diet (FED), fasted (FAS), or fed a high-fat diet (HFD). LC-MS/MS at levels of lipid species profiles and of lipid molecular species uncovered a FAS phenotype of LD enriched in triacylglycerol (TG) molecular species with very long-chain (VLC)-PUFA residues and an HFD phenotype with less unsaturated TG species in addition to characteristic lipid marker species. Nutritional stress did not result in dramatic structural alterations in diacylglycerol (DG) and phospholipid (PL) classes. Moreover, molecular species of bulk TG and of DG indicated concomitant de novo TG synthesis and lipase-catalyzed degradation to be active in LDs. DG species with VLC-PUFA residues would be preferred precursors for phosphatidylcholine (PC) species, the others for TG molecular species. In addition, molecular species of PL classes fitted the hepatocyte Kennedy and phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathways. We demonstrate that lipidomic analysis of LDs enables phenotyping of nutritional stress. TG species are best suited for such phenotyping, whereas structural analysis of TG, DG, and PL molecular species provides metabolic insights.
Silent speech recognition from articulatory movements using deep neural network

Laryngectomee patients lose their ability to produce speech sounds and suffer in their daily communication. There are currently limited communication options for these patients. Silent speech interfaces (SSIs), which recognize speech from articulatory information (i.e., without using audio information), have potential to assist the oral communication of persons with laryngectomy or other speech or voice disorders. One of the challenging problems in SSI development is to accurately recognize speech from articulatory data. Deep neural network (DNN)-hidden Markov model (HMM) has recently been successfully used in (acoustic) speech recognition, which shows signiﬁcant improvements over the long-standing approach Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-HMM. DNN-HMM, however, has rarely been used in silent speech recognition. This paper investigated the use of DNN-HMM in recognizing speech from articulatory movement data. The articulatory data in the MOCHA-TIMIT data set was used in the experiment. Results indicated the performance improvement of DNN-HMM over GMM-HMM in silent speech recognition.
Neuronal Coherence as a Mechanism of Effective Corticospinal Interaction

Neuronal groups can interact with each other even if they are widely separated. One group might modulate its firing rate or its internal oscillatory synchronization to influence another group. We propose that coherence between two neuronal groups is a mechanism of efficient interaction, because it renders mutual input optimally timed and thereby maximally effective. Modulations of subjects' readiness to respond in a simple reaction-time task were closely correlated with the strength of gamma-band (40 to 70 hertz) coherence between motor cortex and spinal cord neurons. This coherence may contribute to an effective corticospinal interaction and shortened reaction times.
Two cases of ANCA‐associated vasculitis in post‐transplant kidney: relapse and de novo

Abstract: Two cases of anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (ANCA‐V) occurred in the transplanted kidney were reported. Case 1 was a 57 yr‐old female whose original disease was MPO‐ANCA‐V. A relapse of necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis occurred one year after transplantation with positive serum reaction for MPO‐ANCA. In spite of several immunosuppressive treatments, the disease progressed and she returned to hemodialysis treatment three yr and seven months after transplantation. Case 2 was a 34 yr‐old female whose original disease was IgA nephropathy. She had a stable clinical condition during 13 yr after transplantation; however, de novo onset of necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis occurred at 14 yr 10 months after transplantation with positive serum reaction for MPO‐ANCA. She returned to hemodialysis treatment five yr after the onset of ANCA‐V. Urinary abnormities such as microhematuria and proteinuria were useful diagnostic findings but the titers of serum MPO‐ANCA were relatively low in both patients. Concerning the treatment, steroid pulse therapy was effective in some extents but the disease progressed to graft failure in both cases. ANCA‐V is a severe glomerulonephritis which can occur in kidney allograft in the manner of relapse and de novo. Detection of urinary abnormalities and positive serum ANCA combined with histological confirmation of necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis and/or vasculitis is required for early diagnosis and effective treatment of ANCA‐V in renal transplant patients.
Pre-aggregation functions constructed by CO-integrals applied in classification problems

Pre-aggregation functions follow the basic concept of aggregation functions with the difference that they are just directional increasing. In this work, we present a new pre-aggregation function by generalizing the Choquet integral in such a way that the product operator is substituted by overlap functions. We call this new concept as Choquetlike overlap based integral (CO-integral). Since Lucca et al. presented the concept of pre-aggregation having an excellent performance in Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification Systems (FRBCSs), we also apply a particular CO-integral in FRBCSs and compare our new generalization with the best pre-aggregation function proposed by them. We demonstrate that this CO-integral can be used as an alternative of the application of preaggregations by offering new possibilities for defining another aggregation operator in the fuzzy reasoning method (FRM) of FRBCSs.
Concurrent Validity of the Bayley-III and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale–2

Purpose: To determine concurrent validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition (PDMS-2). Method: Tests were administered to 48 children with corrected age ranging from 29 days to 26 months. Concurrent validity between age-equivalent (AE) scores and standard scores was assessed for 4 age groups. Results: Moderate to very high correlation for all groups was found between the Bayley-III composite scores and the PDMS-2 Total Motor quotient scores. High correlations were found between the Bayley-III composite scores and the PDMS-2 Gross and Fine Motor quotients (12–26 months); high correlations were found between the Bayley-III and the PDMS-2 Gross Motor quotient (6–12 months) and moderate correlations were found for younger age groups. High concurrent validity for AE scores was found only above 18 months. Conclusions: The study supports the substitution of the Bayley-III for the PDMS-2 for standard scores or AE scores for children aged 19 to 26 months and for standard scores for children birth to 18 months.
Quinone and oxyradical scavenging properties of N-acetylcysteine prevent dopamine mediated inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity in rat brain: Implications in the neuroprotective therapy of Parkinson's disease

Dopamine oxidation products such as H2O2 and reactive quinones have been held responsible for various toxic actions of dopamine, which have implications in the aetiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. This study has shown that N-acetylcysteine (0.25–1 mm) is a potent scavenger of both H2O2 and toxic quinones derived from dopamine and it further prevents dopamine mediated inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity and mitochondrial respiratory chain function. The quinone scavenging ability of N-acetylcysteine is presumably related to its protective effect against dopamine mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. However, both H2O2 scavenging and quinone scavenging properties of N-acetylcysteine probably account for its protective effect against Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition induced by dopamine. The results have important implications in the neuroprotective therapy of sporadic Parkinson's disease since inactivation of mitochondrial respiratory activity and Na+,K+-ATPase may trigger intracellular damage pathways leading to the death of nigral dopaminergic neurons.
A cross-sectional study of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B-100.

Elevated levels of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) appear to be a marker for preclinical atherosclerosis. At present, however, data describing potential relations between plasma t-PA level and established lipid risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis are sparse. To explore these potential relations, we measured plasma levels of t-PA antigen (t-PA:ag) in 633 apparently healthy men in the Physicians' Health Study as well as total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol, HDL3 cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B-100. Overall, plasma t-PA:ag levels were inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -.1616, P < .0005), HDL2 cholesterol (r = -.1632, P < .0005), and HDL3 cholesterol (r = -.0927, P = .019). In stratified analyses, the inverse association between t-PA:ag and HDL cholesterol was present among frequent (P trend = .002) and infrequent (P trend = .004) consumers of alcohol as well as among the subgroups of frequent exercisers (P trend < .001), men in the lower half of body mass index (P trend = .001), and nonsmokers (P trend < .001). In contrast, there was no association between t-PA:ag and total cholesterol (r = .0219, P = .58), whereas relations of t-PA:ag with apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B-100 were minimal and of borderline significance. These data indicate that plasma levels of endogenous t-PA:ag are inversely related to HDL cholesterol as well as HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Exploring the correlates of suicide attempts among individuals with major depressive disorder: findings from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions.

OBJECTIVE There are no previous studies describing the correlates of suicide attempts in individuals with major depressive disorder in a nationally representative sample. This study explores the sociodemographic variables, mental disorders, and specific depressive symptoms associated with suicide attempts in depression. METHOD Data were drawn from Wave 1 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a large (N = 43,093) nationally representative survey of mental illness in the United States conducted between 2001 and 2002. Persons with lifetime major depressive disorder (N = 5128; diagnosed according to DSM-IV) were categorized according to the presence (N = 865) or absence (N = 4263) of a lifetime history of suicide attempts. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare the 2 groups across a broad range of socio-demographic and mental disorder correlates, as well as to compare specific depressive symptoms associated with a history of suicide attempts. Positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of each correlate in predicting suicide attempts. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women. RESULTS Sociodemographic factors significantly associated with a history of suicide attempts included Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (p < .05), younger age (p < .01), and low annual income (p < .01). A history of suicide attempt was significantly associated with any anxiety, personality, or substance use disorder among both men and women (all p < .01). Personality disorder comorbidity was most predictive of suicide attempt. In men, suicide attempts had a strong association with dependent personality disorder (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.81; 95% CI = 1.14 to 12.73), whereas in women, suicide attempts had a strong association with antisocial personality disorder (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.72 to 4.25). Dependent personality disorder predicted suicide attempt in almost three quarters of depressed men (PPV = 74.3%; 95% CI = 54.2 to 87.6). The depressive symptom most strongly associated with a history of suicide attempts in both men and women was feelings of worthlessness (AOR = 5.48, 95% CI = 3.36 to 8.94 for men; AOR = 4.93, 95% CI = 3.56 to 6.84 for women). CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the existing literature on risk factors for suicide attempts in depressed individuals. Identifying specific depressive symptoms and comorbid mental illnesses may improve the clinical assessment of suicide risk in people with major depressive disorder.