Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological effects of fibre-rich types of bread

1. Twelve young adult male volunteers were given a low-fibre white bread diet (9 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF)/d) and a medium-fibre coarse-bran bread diet (22 g NDF/d), each lasting 20 d. In a third period of 20 d the volunteers were subdivided in groups of four, consuming a high-fibre coarse-bran bread diet (35 g NDF/d), a medium-fibre fine-bran diet (22 g NDF/d, bran particle size > 0.35 mm) or a wholemeal bread diet (22 g NDF/d). Digestion of dietary fibre and its components hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were determined as well as colonic function. 2. An increase of the amount of dietary fibre (through bran in bread) from 9 to 22 g NDF/d resulted in the following significant changes (P < 0.01): increase in faecal wet weight of 63 g/d, decrease in the percentage of faecal dry weight from 27 to 24, increase in defaecation frequency of 0.2 stools/d and reduction of the intestinal transit time of 36 h. 3. Further significant changes with regard to all factors mentioned were observed during the high-fibre diet. Faecal wet weight was significantly (P < 0.05) lower with the fine-bran bread diet than with the coarse-bran bread on a similar fibre intake of 22 g NDF/d. Results obtained in the wholemeal-bread period did not show significant differences compared with those from the coarse-bran bread period of 22 g NDF/d. 4. Mean digestibilities for the fibre from bread were: for NDF 0.34, for hemicellulose 0.46, for cellulose 0.20 and for lignin 0.04. 5. The results obtained suggest that the theory of sponge activity of the fibre matrix structure is the predominant factor accounting for the water binding capacity of fibre in the colon.
Linking Nurse Characteristics, Team Member Effectiveness, Practice Environment, and Medication Error Incidence

Clinical unit nurse characteristics, practice environment, and team member effectiveness are assumed to play a critical role in medication safety. This study used a multimethod approach to examine the association of these factors with medication errors. Findings suggested that older, more experienced registered nurses made less medication errors. Environment and team member effectiveness were not strongly associated with medication error incidence. Numerous system factors limited implementation and outcomes of this safety study and are discussed.
Immune regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3-1alpha-hydroxylase in human monocytes.

UNLABELLED Monocytes express 1alpha-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for final hydroxylation of vitamin D3, in response to IFNgamma and CD14/TLR4 activation. Cross-talk between the JAK-STAT, the NF-kappaB, and the p38 MAPK pathways is necessary, and direct binding of C/EBPbeta to its recognition sites in the promoter of the 1alpha-hydroxylase gene is a prerequisite. INTRODUCTION The activated form of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, known for its action in bone and mineral homeostasis, has important immunomodulatory effects. 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates the immune system through specific nuclear receptors, whereas macrophages produce 1,25(OH)2D3. In monocytes, the expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for final hydroxylation of vitamin D3, is regulated by immune stimuli. The aim of this study was to elucidate the intracellular pathways through which interferon (IFN)gamma and Toll-like receptor (TLR) modulation regulate expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase in monocytes/macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and stimulated with IFNgamma (12.5 U/ml) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/ml) for 48 h. The following inhibitors were used: janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor AG490 (50 microM), NF-kappaB inhibitor sulfasalazine (0.25 mM), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 (5 microM). 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA expression was monitored by qRT-PCR. Phosphorylation of transcription factors was studied by Western blotting. Transfection of mutated or deletion promoter constructs, cloned in the pGL3-luciferase reporter plasmid, were performed in the RAW264.7 cell line. Cells were stimulated with IFNgamma (100 U/ml) and LPS (100 microg/ml), and promoter activity was studied. Binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1alpha, NF-kappaB, and C/EBPbeta to their respective binding sites in the promoter was analyzed by gel shift assays. RESULTS 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA expression in monocytes is synergistically induced by IFNgamma and CD14/TLR4 ligation and paralleled by 1,25(OH)2D3 production. This induction requires the JAK-STAT, NF-kappaB, and p38 MAPK pathways. Each of them is essential, because blocking individual pathways is sufficient to block 1alpha-hydroxylase expression (JAK inhibitor, 60% inhibition, p < 0.01; NF-kappaB inhibitor, 70% inhibition, p < 0.05; p38 MAPK inhibitor, 95% inhibition, p < 0.005). In addition, we show the involvement of the p38 MAPK pathway in phosphorylation of C/EBPbeta. Direct binding of C/EBPbeta to its recognition sites in the 1alpha-hydroxylase promoter is necessary to enable its immune-stimulated upregulation. CONCLUSION IFNgamma and CD14/TLR4 binding regulate expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase in monocytes in a synergistic way. Combined activation of the JAK-STAT, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB pathways is necessary, with C/EBPbeta most probably being the essential transcription factor controlling immune-mediated transcription.
Once- to Twice-Daily, 3-Year Domiciliary Maintenance Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Severe, Disabling, Clozapine-Refractory Continuous Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

Background Some patients with schizophrenia suffer from continuous auditory hallucinations that are refractory to antipsychotic medications. Methods Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was used to treat a 24-year-old female schizophrenia patient who had severe, clozapine-refractory, continuous, psychosocially and cognitively disabling auditory hallucinations. The tDCS cathode was placed midway between T3 and P3, and the anode over F3, in the 10-20 electroencephalogram electrode positioning system. Results Once daily, 20-minute tDCS sessions at 1-mA intensity produced noticeable improvement within a week: cognitive and psychosocial functioning improved, followed by attenuation in the experience of hallucinations. There was greater than 90% self-reported improvement within 2 months. Benefits accelerated when the current was raised to 3 mA; treatment duration was increased to 30-minute sessions, and session frequency was increased to twice daily. The patient improved from a psychosocially vegetative state to near-normal functioning. Once- to twice-daily domiciliary tDCS was continued across nearly 3 years and is still ongoing. Benefits attenuated or were even lost when alternate day session spacing was attempted, or when electrode positioning was changed; benefits were regained when the original stimulation protocol was reintroduced. There was confirmation of benefit in 2 separate on-off-on situations, which occurred inadvertently and under blinded conditions. There were no adverse events attributable to tDCS. Conclusions This is the first report in literature of the safe and effective use of daily to twice-daily, domiciliary, 30-min, 1- to 3-mA tDCS sessions across nearly 3 years for the treatment of continuous, disabling, clozapine-refractory auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Key learning points emerging from this case are presented and discussed.
The effect of water and sanitation on child mortality in Egypt

This paper assesses water and sanitation’s impacts on child mortality in Egypt. The analysis is conducted using a three-part model specification, comprising discrete choice to model the child prospects of dying during the neonatal period. The remaining parts uses transition models to model infant and childhood risk of death where unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for. The results show that access to municipal water decreases the risk and sanitation is found to have a more pronounced impact on mortality than water. The results suggest that increasing awareness of the Egyptian population relative to health care and hygiene is an important feature to decrease child’s mortality risk. Moreover, gender discrimination is found to be of an important effect beyond the neonatal period.
Directed Forgetting in Older Adults Using the Item and List Methods

ABSTRACT Four experiments investigated age-group differences in directed forgetting. Experiments 1A and 1B used the item method with recall (1A) and recognition (1B). Both of these experiments showed evidence of directed forgetting for both younger and older adults. The list method was used in Experiments 2A (recall) and 2B (recognition). For these experiments, there was directed forgetting when recall, but not recognition, was the dependent measure. Again, these results were found for younger and older adults. These results are discussed in terms of how different presentation types lead to the use of different theoretical mechanisms of directed forgetting (e.g., differential encoding, retrieval inhibition). Thus, it appears that both older and younger adults engage in adaptive memory strategies.
Partial nitrification for nitrogen removal from sanitary landfill leachate

Biological nitrogen removal using nitrite as a shortcut has recently been proposed for the treatment of high strength landfill leachate. The aim of this study was to assess the application of the SHARON (Single reactor High activity Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite) process for the partial nitrification of leachate generated in old landfills. Particular attention was given to the start-up phase of the process. This study demonstrated that partial nitrification can be obtained when treating raw leachate after biomass acclimation. Only a fraction (50–70%) of the ammonia present in the leachate can be oxidised due to a limited amount of alkalinity available. Stable nitritation was obtained by applying a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4–5 d, which is higher than the values proposed for the effluent of anaerobic digesters. This higher HRT could probably be allowed by the high concentration of free ammonia present in the leachate, which could severely inhibit the growth of nitrite-oxidising bacteria.
A computational study of polarimetric radar observables in hail

The effects of melting and shedding of hailstones on various polarimetric and dual-wavelength radar observabies are examined. A melting model is used for oblate spheroidal hailstones composed of an ice core and a water coating. Single scattering effects are illustrated using monodisperse size distributions having one particle per cubic meter. Resnlts for exponential size distributions, including a Gaussian canting angle distribution, are also given. It is shown that melting can significantly affect the radar observahles and that, by combining several observables, estimating the parameters of an exponential size distribution may be possible.
Swimmers' painful shoulder arthroscopic findings and return rate to sports

Shoulder pain is the most common musculo‐skeletal complaint in competitive swimmers. It remains one of the shoulder pain syndromes in overhead athletes where no golden standard of treatment exists. Eighteen competitive swimmers who all had undergone shoulder arthroscopy for therapy‐resistant shoulder pain were retrospectively evaluated with respect to operative findings and ability to return to their sport after the operation.
Relations among social support, burnout, and experiences of anger: an investigation among emergency nurses.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine whether social support, burnout, and anger expression are related with each other among emergency nurses working in private- or public-sector hospitals. DESIGN AND SAMPLE The sample consisted of 100 emergency nurses working in the private or public sector in Ankara, Turkey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and The Trait-Anger and Anger Expression Scale were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that social support did not differentiate among the nurses working in the private sector or in the public sector according to the burnout subscales' scores. However, nurses in the private sector find it more difficult to express their anger. The state-trait anger levels of the nurses differ according to the burnout levels and also according to the sector that they are working in. The congruence between this study's findings and the literature is discussed.
Eating disorder symptomatology among ballet dancers.

OBJECTIVE The current study sought to compare eating disorder symptomatology among ballet dancers and individuals with restricting anorexia nervosa (RAN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and no eating pathology. METHOD Twenty-nine female ballet dancers completed assessments and were compared with an archival dataset of 26 women with RAN, 47 women with BN, and 44 women with no eating pathology. Eating disorder diagnoses and behaviors were assessed with a semi-structured clinical interview, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), and a weight history interview. RESULTS Eighty-three percent of dancers met lifetime criteria for AN (6.9%), BN (10.3%), AN+BN (10.3%), or EDNOS (55.0%). Moreover, dancers looked more similar to eating-disordered individuals than to control individuals on measures of eating pathology. CONCLUSION Despite previous emphasis on the pathology AN, the current findings suggest that dancers frequently engage in binge eating and purging behaviors. Moreover, it appears that their pathology is as severe as that of non-dancing women with eating disorders.
Predictors of Residual Invasive Disease after Core Needle Biopsy Diagnosis of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Abstract: Core needle biopsy (CNB) is used to sample both mammographically and ultrasound detected breast lesions. A diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by CNB does not ensure the absence of invasive cancer upon surgical excision and as a result an upstaged patient may need to undergo additional surgery for axillary nodal evaluation. This study evaluates the accuracy of CNB in excluding invasive disease and the preoperative features that predict upstaging of DCIS to invasive breast cancer.
Kinetic studies and structural models of the association of E. coli sigma(70) RNA polymerase with the lambdaP(R) promoter: large scale conformational changes in forming the kinetically significant intermediates.

The kinetics of interaction of Esigma(70) RNA polymerase (R) with the lambdaP(R) promoter (P) were investigated by filter binding over a broad range of temperatures (7.3-42 degrees C) and concentrations of RNA polymerase (1-123 nM) in large excess over promoter DNA. Under all conditions examined, the kinetics of formation of competitor-resistant complexes (I(2), RP(o)) are single-exponential with first order rate constant beta(CR). Interpretation of the polymerase concentration dependence of beta(CR) in terms of the three step mechanism of open complex formation yields the equilibrium constant K(1) for formation of the first kinetically significant intermediate (I(1)) and the forward rate constant (k(2)) for the conformational change converting I(1) to the second kinetically significant intermediate I(2): R + P-->(K(1))<--I(1)(k(2))-->I(2). Use of rapid quench mixing allows K(1) and k(2) to be individually determined over the entire temperature range investigated, previously not possible at this promoter using manual mixing. Given the large (>60 bp) interface formed in I(1), its relatively small binding constant K(1) at 37 degrees C at this [salt] (approximately 6 x 10(6) M(-1)) strongly argues that binding free energy is used to drive large-scale structural changes in polymerase and/or promoter DNA or other coupled processes. Evidence for coupling of protein folding is provided by the large and negative activation heat capacity of k(a)[DeltaC(o,++)(a)= -1.5(+/-0.2)kcal K(-1)], now shown to originate directly from formation of I(1) [DeltaC(o)(1)= -1.4(+/-0.3)kcal K(-1)] rather than from the formation of I(2) as previously proposed. The isomerization I(1)-->I(2) exhibits relatively slow kinetics and has a very large temperature-independent Arrhenius activation energy [E(act)(2)= 34(+/-2)kcal]. This kinetic signature suggests that formation of the transition state (I(1)-I(2)++ involves large conformational changes dominated by changes in the exposure of polar and/or charged surface to water. Structural and biochemical data lead to the following hypotheses to interpret these results. We propose that formation of I(1) involves coupled folding of unstructured regions of polymerase (beta, beta' and sigma(70)) and bending of promoter DNA (in the -10 region). We propose that interactions with region 2 of sigma(70) and possibly domain 1 of beta induce a kink at the -11/-12 base pairs of the lambdaP(R) promoter which places the downstream DNA (-5 to +20) in the jaws of the beta and beta' subunits of polymerase in I(1). These early interactions of beta and beta' with the DNA downstream of position -5 trigger jaw closing (with coupled folding) and subsequent steps of DNA opening.
Caspase‐8 polymorphisms and risk of gallbladder cancer in a Northern Indian population

Caspase‐8 (CASP8) is a key controller of apoptosis, and its deregulation plays an important role in carcinogenesis. To evaluate the role of CASP8 polymorphisms in gallbladder cancer (GBC), we examined the risk associated with three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a case–control study in North Indian population. Genotypes and haplotypes of the CASP8 polymorphisms (−652 6N ins/del; rs3834129, Ex13 + 51G > C; rs1045485 and IVS12‐19 G > A; rs3769818) were determined for 230 GBC patients and 230 cancer‐free controls randomly selected from the population. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated in multivariate logistic regression analysis for the association of individual SNPs and haplotypes with GBC. Carriers for the “del” allele of rs3834129 SNP were associated with a 0.60‐fold decreased risk for GBC (95% CI = 0.42–0.88; Ptrend = 0.005). In the combined analysis of the three CASP8 variants, we found that the individuals with the diplotypes carrying two copies of the common CASP8 del‐G‐G haplotype had 0.35‐fold reduced risk (95% CI = 0.14–0.85) when compared with the diplotype containing 0–1 copy. The false‐positive report probability (FPRP) approach advocated that these results were noteworthy (FPRP < 0.5). The molecular modeling results of rs1045485 polymorphism indicated that the overall configuration of both wild‐type and polymorphic CASP8 protein were similar, with negligible deviation at the site of the polymorphism itself. In summary, low penetrance variants in CASP8 gene may alter the susceptibility toward GBC. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex Differences in Adolescent Depression: Do Sex Hormones Determine Vulnerability?

Depression is one of the most common, costly and severe psychopathologies worldwide. Its incidence, however, differs significantly between the sexes, and depression rates in women are twice those of men. Interestingly, this sex difference emerges during adolescence. Although the adolescent period is characterised by major physical and behavioural transformations, it is unclear why the incidence of depression increases so dramatically in girls during this otherwise generally healthy developmental period. Although psychological and environmental factors are also involved, we discuss the neuroendocrinological factors determining adolescent vulnerability to depression. In particular, we address the role of sex steroids in mood regulation, hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis maturation and sexual differentiation of the brain, with a focus on hippocampal plasticity.
Heparan Sulfate-Independent Cell Binding and Infection with Furin-Precleaved Papillomavirus Capsids

ABSTRACT Papillomavirus infection normally involves virion binding to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). However, we found that human papillomavirus type 16 pseudovirions efficiently bound and infected cells lacking HSPGs if their L2 capsid protein was precleaved by furin, a cellular protease required for infection. The inability of pseudovirions to efficiently bind and infect cultured primary keratinocytes was also overcome by furin precleavage, suggesting that the defect involves altered HSPG modification. We conclude that the primary function of HSPG binding is to enable cell surface furin cleavage of L2 and that binding to a distinct cell surface receptor(s) is a subsequent step of papillomavirus infection.
Brief repetitive balloon occlusions enhance reperfusion during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: A pilot study

The objective of this study was to determine whether acutely ischemic myocardium may be conditioned during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction. Ischemic preconditioning is a powerful cardioprotective mechanism that limits infarct size in animal investigations and ischemic sequelae during percutaneous coronary intervention in man. However, the conditioning stimulus in all these studies has been applied prior to the defining episode of ischemia. Seventeen patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to a standard ischemic preconditioning protocol (n = 10) or a usual‐care control group (n =7). ST segment shift response and Doppler‐derived distal coronary velocity data were compared. Despite similar degrees of baseline ST segment elevation, the magnitude of final ST segment elevation in the conditioning group was less than that in controls at the protocol conclusion (conditioning, 1.60 ± 0.8 mV; control, 4.0 ± 0.5 mV; P < 0.001). The rate of ST segment resolution was greater in the conditioning group (conditioning, 0.28 ± 0.1 mV/min; control, 0.12 ± 0.1 mV/min; P = 0.02). Distal coronary velocimetry indicated significant improvement in coronary flow velocity reserve in the conditioning group at the protocol conclusion (conditioning, 1.8 ± 0.2; control, 1.4 ± 0.1; P < 0.008). Brief periods of occlusion and reperfusion during percutaneous intervention for acute myocardial infarction mitigate the extent of ischemic injury and improve distal myocardial perfusion. Such ischemic conditioning represents a potentially useful adjunct to strategies for enhancing reperfusion during acute myocardial infarction. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Incivility, social undermining, bullying…oh my!”: A call to reconcile constructs within workplace aggression research

Research in the field of workplace aggression has rapidly developed in the last two decades, and with this growth has come an abundance of overlapping constructs that fall under the broad rubric of workplace aggression. While researchers have conceptually distinguished these constructs, it is unclear whether this proliferation of constructs is adding appreciably to our knowledge, or whether it is constraining the questions we ask. In this paper, I consider five example constructs (i.e., abusive supervision, bullying, incivility, social undermining, and interpersonal conflict) and argue that the manner in which we have differentiated these (and other) aggression constructs does not add appreciably to our knowledge of workplace aggression. I then provide supplementary meta-analytic evidence to show that there is not a predictable pattern of outcomes from these constructs, and propose a restructuring of the manner in which we conceptualize workplace aggression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.