Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Entity and Incremental Implicit Theory Activation On the Prioritization of Personal Goals

Supervisory Committee Dr. Frederick M. E. Grouzet, (Department of Psychology) Supervisor Dr. Ulrich Mueller, (Department of Psychology) Departmental Member Individuals have different implicit theories. They may hold an incremental theory and believe traits are malleable or an entity theory and believe traits are fixed. In past research implicit theories have been linked to achievement goals. The present study extends this research by investigating the relationship between implicit theories and personal goals. An experimental design was used to examine if priming individuals with a specific implicit theory impacts their goal prioritization. It was expected that individuals primed with an entity theory would place greater importance on intrinsic goals while individuals primed with an incremental theory would place greater importance on extrinsic goals. It was found that female participants rated the importance of financial success higher in the Entity condition compared to the Incremental condition and rated the importance of community feeling higher in the Incremental condition compared to the Entity condition. No significant differences were found with male participants.
Degree of improvement after hyperbaric oxygen therapy for compromised flap and graft: A case series

Objective: To determine the treatment outcome of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in compromised graft/flap. Method: A retrospective study was conducted to identify patients who had undergone ischemic compromised graft and flap and received hyperbaric oxygen therapy at Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, between 2012 and 2017. Wound improvement was the primary outcome. Results: Eleven patients with ischemic graft/flaps were enrolled in the study (9 adults; 2 children). The results showed that the treatment outcome for all patients undergoing skin flap/graft was improved. Patients classified as grade 3 and 4 (7 flaps in total) had improved wound healing without other adjunctive therapies whereas 4 patients-classified as grades 1 and 2-experienced partial wound healing and required surgical debridement with skin graft or flap reconstruction. Conclusion: In flap or graft ischemia, HBOT represented an additional medical treatment that can enhance wound healing resulting in a satisfactory treatment outcome.
Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves

In the non-standard model of relic gravitational waves (RGWs) generated in the early universe, the theoretical spectrum is mainly described by an amplitude r and a spectral index β, the latter usually being determined by the slope of the inflaton potential. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) data have imposed constraints on the amplitude of strain spectrum for a power-law form as a phenomenological model. Applying these constraints to a generic, theoretical spectrum with r and β as independent parameters, we convert the PTAs constraint into an upper bound on the index β, which turns out to be less stringent than those upper bounds from the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background and LIGO/VIRGO, respectively. Moreover, it is found that PTAs constrain the non-standard RGWs more stringently than the standard RGWs. If the condition of the quantum normalization is imposed upon a theoretical spectrum of RGWs, r and β become related. With this condition, a minimum requirement of the horizon size during inflation is greater than the Planck length that results in an upper bound on β, which is comparable in magnitude to that by PTAs. When both PTAs and the quantum normalization are applied to a theoretical spectrum of RGWs, constraints can be obtained for other cosmic processes of the early universe, such as the reheating, a process less understood observationally so far. The resulting constraint is consistent with the slow-roll, massive scalar inflation model. The future square kilometer array will be able to constrain RGWs further and might even detect RGWs, rendering an important probe to the very early universe.
Does Weather Affect Highway Capacity

Various studies on the negative effects of rainfall on travel demand and accidents are well documented. However, there are fewer studies on the effect of weather on capacity, as capacity can only be measured on a short section with high traffic flow and it demands more localized weather information which is not easy to collect. The aim of this paper is to determine the effects of rain on capacity and speed and the effects of daylight on capacity. Traffic data from the Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway (MEX) and weather data from the Tokyo Sewerage Bureau's radar rain gauge system (AMESH) are used. From the analysis of 5 highly congested sections of MEX, the effects of rain on capacity and speed are demonstrated. Further analysis of the capacity during the morning peak of the winter and summer months show a reduction in capacity due to effects of daylight.
Extracting Common Spatial Patterns from EEG time segments for classifying Motor Imagery classes in a Brain Computer Interface (BCI)

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a system which straightly converts the acquired brain signals such as Electroencephalogram (EEG) to commands for controlling external devices. One of the most successful methods in BCI applications based on Motor Imagery is Common Spatial Pattern (CSP). In the existing CSP methods, common spatial filters are applied on whole EEG signal as one time segment for feature extraction. The fact that ERD/ERS events are not steady over time motivated us to break down EEG signal into a number of sub-segments in this study. Since the importance of EEG channels for classification varies for different time segments. Accordingly we extract a feature vector from each time window of EEG channels using the analysis of CSP. In order to classify a Motor Imagery EEG signals, we apply a LDA classifier based on OVR (One-Versus-the Rest) scheme on the extracted CSP features. The considered Motor Imagery four classes are: left hand, right hand, foot and tongue. We used dataset 2a of BCI competition IV to evaluate our method. The result of experiment shows that this method outperforms both CSP and the best competitor of the BCI competition IV.
How SGD Selects the Global Minima in Over-parameterized Learning: A Dynamical Stability Perspective

The question of which global minima are accessible by a stochastic gradient decent (SGD) algorithm with specific learning rate and batch size is studied from the perspective of dynamical stability. The concept of non-uniformity is introduced, which, together with sharpness, characterizes the stability property of a global minimum and hence the accessibility of a particular SGD algorithm to that global minimum. In particular, this analysis shows that learning rate and batch size play different roles in minima selection. Extensive empirical results seem to correlate well with the theoretical findings and provide further support to these claims.
THE IMPACT OF A RESPONSIVE AND PROACTIVE MARKET ORIENTATION ON INNOVATION AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

The purpose of the presented empirical study was to examine the impact of a responsive and proactive market orientation on the degree of novelty, innovation performance and business performance. Data obtained from 325 Slovenian companies that introduced product, process, marketing and organisational innovations during the 2005-2007 period were analysed via structural equation modelling. The main findings reveal that only a proactive market orientation is positively related to the degree of novelty, whereas no support was found for the direct impact of both market orientations on innovation performance and business performance.
Are sardine larvae caught off northern Portugal in winter starving? An approach examining nutritional conditions

Recently, winter upwelling events off western Iberia have become more frequent. This may affect the pro- duction and survival of sardine eggs and larvae through increased offshore transport. By analysis of RNA:DNA ratios, we investigated the impact of winter upwelling events on the larval condition of Sardina pilchardus larvae as a function of oceanographic conditions and food availability. Larvae were collected on a research cruise off northern Portugal in Feb- ruary 2000. Environmental parameters such as wind, water temperature, salinity, microzooplankton biomass and daily egg production of the calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandi- cus were also measured. The mean RNA:DNA ratios were relatively high, indicating that almost all larvae collected were in good condition. This was in agreement with the high microzooplankton biomass and high daily egg production of the copepod C. helgolandicus recorded during the same period. No adverse effects of upwelling causing offshore transport of larvae into poor feeding areas could be demon- strated because of the presence of a stratified warm plume with consequent high food production.
Body condition changes arising from natural factors and fishing gear entanglements in North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis

Body condition has been correlated with survival and reproductive success in both terrestrial and marine mammals, including North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis. We used photographs of individually identified right whales to assess visual changes in body condition in reproductive females, adult males, juveniles, and entangled whales. Images from sightings of individual whales were grouped sequentially by habitat region, and each group of images was assigned a body condition score of good, fair, or poor based on the dorsal profile posterior to the blowholes. Temporally consecutive groups of images (n = 1496) of 340 individual whales were compared to investigate the frequency, direction, and minimum timeframe between changes in body condition. Changes in body condition scores of right whales were significantly influenced by group category. Lactating females and severely entangled right whales were more likely to exhibit declining body condition than other groups. Resting females were significantly more likely to improve in condition than other groups but exhibited the longest timeframe for improving condition. Young juveniles were less likely to improve in condition compared to adult males, but remained in compromised condition less frequently than older juveniles and adult males. The shortest timeframes between changing body condition scores were 11 d for declining condition and 12 d for improving condition. This study demonstrates that photographic analysis can detect rapid body condition changes and identifies groups of right whales that are particularly vulnerable to declining condition and delayed recovery from energetically taxing events.
Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in liver cancer for identification of key genes and pathways

Liver cancer is among the main leading cause of mortality in Malaysia and the world. To identify the key genes and pathways in liver cancer, mRNA microarray dataset GSE84402, GSE64041, GSE60502, GSE29271 and GSE19665 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEG)s from all datasets were obtained by GEO2R web tool and assembled manually with the cut-off criteria set at adj. P 1. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the DEGs using DAVID database. STRING database was utilised to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Cytoscape 3.6 software and associated plug-ins were used to visualise and analyse protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. A total of 681, 1564, 1040 and 2265 DEGs were identified from GSE84402, GSE64041, GSE60502, GSE29271 and GSE19665 datasets, respectively. 184 DEGs were screened out in at least four datasets consisting of 70 up-regulated genes and 114 down-regulated genes. These genes were mainly enriched in the terms related to mitotic cell cycle and regulation of nuclear division. Putative PPI network was established with confidence score 0.7 comprising 184 nodes and 1021 edges. Using MCODE plug-in, four modules were detected from the PPI network with module 1 being the most significant. The enriched functions of module 1 included sister chromatid cohesion and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. In conclusion, these results identified the key genes and pathways, which could improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms and provide potential targets for liver cancer diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: bioinformatics; liver cancer; differentially expressed genes; functional enrichment analysis; protein–protein interaction
Detecting rare visual relations using analogies

We seek to detect visual relations in images of the form of triplets t = (subject, predicate, object), such as"person riding dog", where training examples of the individual entities are available but their combinations are rare or unseen at training. This is an important set-up due to the combinatorial nature of visual relations : collecting sufficient training data for all possible triplets would be very hard. The contributions of this work are three-fold. First, we learn a representation of visual relations that combines (i) individual embeddings for subject, object and predicate together with (ii) a visual phrase embedding that represents the relation triplet. Second, we learn how to transfer visual phrase embeddings from existing training triplets to unseen test triplets using analogies between relations that involve similar objects. Third, we demonstrate the benefits of our approach on two challenging datasets involving rare and unseen relations : on HICO-DET, our model achieves significant improvement over a strong baseline, and we confirm this improvement on retrieval of unseen triplets on the UnRel rare relation dataset.
An Improved Receptor-Based Pharmacophore Generation Algorithm Guided by Atomic Chemical Characteristics and Hybridization Types

Pharmacophore-based virtual screening is an important and leading compound discovery method. However, current pharmacophore generation algorithms suffer from difficulties, such as ligand-dependent computation and massive extractive chemical features. On the basis of the features extracted by the five probes in Pocket v.3, this paper presents an improved receptor-based pharmacophore generation algorithm guided by atomic chemical characteristics and hybridization types. The algorithm works under the constraint of receptor atom hybridization types and space distance. Four chemical characteristics (H-A, H-D, and positive and negative charges) were extracted using the hybridization type of receptor atoms, and the feature point sets were merged with 3 Å space constraints. Furthermore, on the basis of the original extraction of hydrophobic characteristics, extraction of aromatic ring chemical characteristics was achieved by counting the number of aromatics, searching for residual base aromatic ring, and determining the direction of aromatic rings. Accordingly, extraction of six kinds of chemical characteristics of the pharmacophore was achieved. In view of the pharmacophore characteristics, our algorithm was compared with the existing LigandScout algorithm. The results demonstrate that the pharmacophore possessing six chemical characteristics can be characterized using our algorithm, which features fewer pharmacophore characteristics and is ligand independent. The computation of many instances from the directory of useful decoy dataset show that the active molecules and decoy molecules can be effectively differentiated through the presented method in this paper.
Neuronal Migration During Development of the Cerebellum

Neuronal migration is a fundamental process in central nervous system (CNS) development. The assembly of functioning neuronal circuits relies on neuronal migration occurring in the appropriate spatio-temporal pattern. A defect in the neuronal migration may result in a neurological disorder. The cerebellum, as a part of the CNS, plays a pivotal role in motor coordination and non-motor functions such as emotion, cognition and language. The excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the cerebellum originate from different distinct germinal zones and migrate through complex routes to assemble in a well-defined neuronal organization in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei. In this review article, the neuronal migration modes and pathways from germinal zones to the final position in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei will be described. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cerebellar neuronal migration during development will also be reviewed. Finally, some diseases and animal models associated with defects in neuronal migration will be presented.
Cross Type Neutralizing Antibodies Detected in a Unique HIV-2 Infected Individual From India

Background: Infection with HIV-2, a retrovirus that is closely related to HIV-1, is characterized by slower disease progression and transmission, longer latency period and low or undetectable viremia. Host immunity, including production of potent neutralizing antibodies, may be one of the possible contributors to the distinction between the two infections. In an attempt to understand whether HIV-2 infection results in production of neutralizing antibodies and to characterize the nature of the neutralization response we screened plasma of 37 HIV-2 infected individuals for the presence of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Materials and Methods: Thirty seven asymptomatic, ART-naïve, HIV-2 infected individuals were recruited for the study. Plasma obtained from these individuals were screened for the presence of broadly cross reactive neutralizing antibodies (BCNabs) using the standard neutralization screening protocol with a panel of HIV-1 and HIV-2 pseudoviruses. Plasma exhibiting broad neutralization activity were assessed for their potency employing a titration assay. Further, an attempt was made to characterize the neutralization specificity of the plasma exhibiting broad and potent neutralization activity. Result: While majority of the samples tested were capable of neutralizing HIV-2 pseudoviruses with high to moderate potency, one unique sample demonstrated broad cross clade and cross type neutralization with ability to strongly neutralize the vast majority of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses tested (19/20). Preliminary analyses indicate the possible presence of antibodies with multiple glycan epitope binding specificities. Conclusion: The study identified a unique HIV-2 sample with exceptional ability to neutralize HIV-2 viruses and cross-neutralize HIV-1 viruses with great breadth and potency. This sample holds promise for isolation of novel monoclonal antibodies that may exploited as potential therapeutic tools for HIV infection.
Determinants of Self-Medication With Antibiotics in European and Anglo-Saxon Countries: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics, which comes in different forms [e.g., leftover or over-the-counter (OTC) use], contributes to antimicrobial resistance as it often happens in a non-prudent manner. In order to tackle this persistent public health problem, its drivers need to be known. The aim of this study was therefore to identify determinants of self-medication with antibiotics via a systematic literature review. Methods: A comprehensive search on determinants of self-medication with antibiotics in the ambulatory care was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase for studies published between January 2000 and March 2017. There was no limit on the language nor on the type of study. The search was restricted to European and Anglo-Saxon countries. Pairs of reviewers independently screened the abstracts and full texts and performed a quality assessment. Results: From the initial 664 abstracts, 54 publications that included 44 countries were retrieved of which most identified patient related determinants. Important determinants include storing antibiotics at home, poor access to healthcare, and having the intention to self-medicate. Healthcare professionals contribute to the practice of self-medication when catering for demanding and socially vulnerable patients. Healthcare system related determinants include dispensing antibiotics in whole packages and the lack of enforcement of medicine regulations. For some determinants (e.g., patients' age) contradictory results were found. Conclusion: Self-medication with antibiotics is driven by a variety of determinants on the patient, healthcare professional, and system levels. Policy makers should recognise the complexity of self-medication in order to develop multifaceted interventions that target healthcare professionals and patients simultaneously.
Do People Explicitly Make a Frame Choice Based on the Reference Point?

Previous studies have shown that when choosing one of two logically equivalent frames (e.g., “half full” or “half empty”), people tend to choose based on a reference point. For example, when the amount of water in a glass with 500 ml capacity was originally 0 ml (or 500 ml), and then increased (or decreased) to 250 ml, people tend to express the amount of water in the glass as “half full” (or “half empty”). In the present study, we examined whether participants explicitly made a frame choice based on the reference point. We conducted four behavioral experiments relating to frame choice tasks. Specifically, participants were presented with a story-based or prime-based reference point and then made a frame choice. Furthermore, participants provided their reasons for the choice. Our findings on frame choices and their reasons can be summarized as follows. First, when participants were presented with a story-based reference point, some of them reported that they made frame choices based on the reference point. Second, when a reference point was presented as a prime, participants’ frame choices were affected by this reference point. However, almost no participants reported that they made frame choices based on the reference point. These results indicate that the effect of reference points on frame choices is robust and that people do not always explicitly make frame choices based on the reference point.
Sex Differences in Gains Among Hispanic Pre-kindergartners’ Mental Rotation Skills

The current study explores change in mental rotation skills throughout the pre-kindergarten year in a Hispanic population to better understand the development of early sex differences in mental rotation. Ninety-six Hispanic children (M = 4 years 8 months) completed a mental rotation task at the beginning and end of pre-kindergarten. Results suggest Hispanic boys and girls differed in gains on mental rotation ability, with boys improving significantly more than girls during pre-kindergarten on a mental rotation task. This study highlights the significance of studying mental rotation abilities in a Hispanic population of pre-kindergarten aged children and suggests the importance of examining sex differences in mental rotation over time, rather than at one time-point, to better understand when sex differences in spatial skills develop. We discuss various factors that potentially affect the growth of spatial skills including the role of early education, spatial experiences, and spatial language input.