Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical screening and polyphenol constituents of pomegranate peels and leave juices

The leave and peels of pomegranate plants were manually separated and mechanically pressed to obtain their crude juices. The phytochemical results indicated that pomegranate peel juice contained high quantities of polyphenols and flavonoids, being about 1.22 and 1.43 times as great as that of leave juice, respectively. Crude peel juice possessed powerful antioxidant activity than leave crude juice, being approximately 6.59 times as great as that induced by leave juice. HPLC was used to characterize the polyphenolic compounds in pomegranate leave and peel juices. Thirty and eight polyphenolic compounds were separated from pomegranate peel and leave, respectively and nearly 50% of these compounds were quantitatively determined. The basic compounds found in pomegranate peel and leave juices were gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid, 3-hydroxy tyrosol, respectively.
An Analytical Approximation of the Luminosity Distance in Flat Cosmologies with a Cosmological Constant

We present an analytical approximation formula for the luminosity distance in spatially flat cosmologies with dust and a cosmological constant. Apart from the overall factor, the effect of non-zero cosmological constant in our formula is written simply in terms of a rational function. We also show the approximate formulae for the Dyer-Roeder distance (empty beam case) and the generalized angular diameter distance from redshift $z_1$ to $z_2$, which are particularly useful in analyzing the gravitational lens effects. Our formulae are widely applicable over the range of the density parameter and the redshift with sufficiently small uncertainties. In particular, in the range of density parameter $0.3 \leq \Omega_{\rm m} \leq 1$ and redshift $0.03 \leq z \leq 1000$, the relative error for the luminosity distance by our formula is always smaller than that of the recent work by Wickramasinghe and Ukwatta (2010). Hence, we hope that our formulae will be an efficient and useful tool for exploring various problems in observational cosmology.
A Survey of Barriers to Health Research Promotion

Background and Objectives: High performance research activity in the health domain is crucial to overcoming ever-growing health-related problems. Despite the availability of data sources, only a limited number of researchers use these data to derive health-related information. Thus, the present study aimed at exploring the barriers to research promotion as perceived by the university health research experts. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 261 health experts from Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Kermam, Iran) were selected using census method. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions related to personal and organizational research barriers, and summarized using descriptive statistical methods. Findings: The survey found lack of research advisors and sufficient facilities, lack of motivation, lack of expert librarians, limited budgets, and poor cooperation of internal executive units as the most important organizational barriers. In addition, limited time, heavy work overload, limited knowledge of statistics and research method, and family responsibilities were identified as the most important personal barriers. Conclusions: The wide range of barriers to research activities in health domain calls for comprehensive revision of current policies in the area of health research to boost the research activities. The diversity of the barriers identified highlights the need for a systems and holistic approach to health research promotion.
Indirect effects of predatory trout on organic matter processing in detritus-based stream food webs

Indirect effects of predators on basal resources in allochthonous-based food webs are poorly understood. We investigated indirect effects of predatory brown trout (Salmo trutta) on detritus dynamics in southern beech (Nothofagus spp.) forest streams in New Zealand through predation on the obligate detritivore, Zelandopsyche ingens (Trichoptera, Oeconesidae). Trout presence/absence and Z. ingens density were manipulated in flow-through tanks to investigate the lethal and sub-lethal effects of trout on litter processing by Z. ingens. An experiment that allowed trout access to Z. ingens showed trout predation reduced densities of Z. ingens resulting in slower breakdown of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) and reduced production of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). A second experiment that prevented trout access to Z. ingens, but allowed the transmission of trout cues, resulted in no change in litter processing rates in the presence of trout. Litter processing rates were higher in high Z. ingens density treatments compared to low density treatments. Thus, trout effects on litter processing were due to reduced Z. ingens densities, not trout-induced modifications to Z. ingens feeding behaviour. Field assays of litter processing rates using artificial leaf packs in natural streams showed significant reductions in CPOM loss in trout streams compared to fishless streams. Z. ingens dominated biomass in fishless stream leaf packs, but a facultative shredder, Olinga feredayi, dominated trout stream leaf packs. Thus, the absence of Z. ingens drove differences in processing rates between trout and fishless streams and the indirect effects of trout on litter processing observed in mesocosms were evident in complex, natural food webs. Overall our study provides evidence that predators can influence resource dynamics in donor-controlled food webs through their effects on consumers.
Causes of Death in Status Epilepticus.

OBJECTIVES To determine the causes of death in patients with status epilepticus. To analyze the relative contributions of seizure etiology, seizure refractoriness, use of mechanical ventilation, anesthetic drugs for seizure control, and medical complications to in-hospital and 90-day mortality, hospital length of stay, and discharge disposition. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Single-center neuroscience ICU. PARTICIPANTS Patients with status epilepticus were identified by retrospective search of electronic database from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016. INTERVENTIONS Review of electronic medical records. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were collected. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to determine whether the use of anesthetic drugs, mechanical ventilation, Status Epilepticus Severity Score, refractoriness of seizures, etiology of seizures, or medical complications were associated with in-hospital, 90-day mortality or discharge disposition. Among 244 patients with status epilepticus (mean age was 64 yr [interquartile range, 42-76], 55% male, median Status Epilepticus Severity Score 3 [interquartile range, 2-4]), 24 received anesthetic drug infusions for seizure control. In-hospital and 90-day mortality rates were 9.2% and 19.2%, respectively. Death was preceded by withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in 19 patients (86.3%) and cardiac arrest in three (13.7%). Only Status Epilepticus Severity Score was associated with in-hospital and 90-day mortality, whereas the use of anesthetic drugs for seizure control, mechanical ventilation, medical complications, etiology, and refractoriness of seizures were not. Hospital length of stay was longer in patients with medical complications (p = 0.0091), refractory seizures (p = 0.0077), and in those who required anesthetic drugs for seizure control (p = 0.0035). Patients who had refractory seizures were less likely to be discharged home (odds ratio, 0.295; CI, 0.143-0.608; p = 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, death primarily resulted from the underlying neurologic disease and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and not from our treatment choices. Use of anesthetic drugs, medical complications, and mechanical ventilation were not associated with in-hospital and 90-day mortality.
MODELLING WATER ENTRY OF A WEDGE BY MULTIPHASE SPH METHOD

The hydrodynamic problem of two-dimensional wedge entering water is studied based on SPH model. A non-reflection boundary treatment for SPH method is proposed to reduce the size of computational domain. The details of water entry and enclosing are simulated using two phase SPH model. Both the water flow around the cavity and wedge and air flow inside the cavity are predicted simultaneity. Good agreement is obtained comparing experimental data in terms of both the hydrodynamics force exerting on the wedge and geometry of the cavity and jet.
Lignocellulose degradation, enzyme production and protein enrichment by Trametes versicolor during solid-state fermentation of corn stover.

Microbial conversion of corn stover by white rot fungi has the potential to increase its ligninolysis and nutritional value, thereby transforming it into protein-enriched animal feed. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize conditions for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by Trametes versicolor during solid-state fermentation of corn stover, as well as enhance ligninolysis and increase the crude protein content. The effects of an additional carbon source (glucose), copper sulfate (CuSO4) and initial moisture content on lignocellulolytic enzymes, changes in chemical constituents and the crude protein content of corn stover were investigated. T. versicolor produced high laccase, moderate xylanase, and low CMCase activity, whereas neither LiP nor MnP activity was detected. An overall 20-fold increase in laccase activity (45.1 U/g corn stover) was achieved under the optimized conditions. The maximum degradation of lignin and hemicellulose was up to 34.8 and 21.9%, respectively. However, the maximum cellulose loss was less than 10.5%. The crude protein content of the fermented corn stover was doubled under the optimized conditions. Therefore, T. versicolor is a potential organism for laccase production using solid-state fermentation, as well as the simultaneous enhancement of delignification and improvement of the crude protein content in corn stover.
The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognition in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites

Among non-Hispanic whites, cardiovascular risk factors are associated with increased mortality and poorer cognition. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among aging Hispanics is also high and Hispanics generally have poorer access to healthcare, yet they tend to have advantageous cardiovascular disease rates and outcomes and live longer than non-Hispanic whites, an epidemiological phenomenon commonly referred to as the Hispanic or Latino health paradox. Although robust data support these ethnic benefits on physical health and mortality, it is unknown if it extends to include cognition resilience advantages in older adulthood. The present study compared relationships between cardiovascular risk and cognition (executive functions and episodic memory) in late middle age and older Hispanics (n = 87) and non-Hispanic whites (n = 81). Participants were selected from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative databases. Hispanics and non-Hispanic white groups were matched on age (50–94 yr, mean age = 72 yr), education, gender, cognitive status (i.e., cognitively healthy versus mildly cognitively impaired), and apolipoprotein E4 status. History of hypertension and higher body mass index were both associated with poorer executive functions among Hispanics but not non-Hispanic whites. Our findings suggest greater vulnerability to impairments in executive functions among Hispanics with hypertension and obesity, contrary to the notion of a Hispanic health paradox for cognitive aging.
Ethics and Waiting Times Incorporating theories of justice in an analysis of health care waiting times in Sweden

English) Objectives: There is growing concern regarding waiting times in health care as a mechanism to improve fairness in health services. This essay addresses the issue by evaluating fairness defined by justice theories. Based on this discussion, the essay then investigates whether actual waiting times are consistent with ethical principles. Theory: The theories of justice discussed are utilitarianism, egalitarianism and maximin. The discussion reveals that analysis of waiting times may better capture fairness objectives by incorporating these ethical principles. Quantitative Analysis and Results: Swedish waiting times 2011-2017 were analysed, where the public priority-setting guidelines were evaluated in terms of ethical principles. A fixed effects model and descriptive statistics found that actual waiting times only partially correspond to the guidelines. Conclusions: The ’fairness’ of waiting times depends on how it is defined by justice theories and official guidelines. Future research may build on the incorporation of justice theories into waiting time analysis or strengthen the econometric analysis.
Redescription of Cyrtodactylus fumosus (Müller, 1895) (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), with a revised identification key to the bent-toed geckos of Sulawesi

The binominal Cyrtodactylus fumosus has frequently been used for populations of bent-toed geckos occurring on some Indonesian islands, including Java, Bali, Sulawesi, and Halmahera. Unfortunately, incorrect usage of this name for different geographic lineages has resulted in confusion about the true identity of C. fumosus . Examination of the type specimen and additional specimens from Rurukan and Mount Masarang, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, revealed that this population is distinct from other forms heretofore called ‘ fumosus ’ by a combination of unique morphological characters. In order to stabilize the taxonomy of C . fumosus sensu stricto, and to prevent further confusion, we provide a comprehensive redescription of this species, whose distribution we herein restrict to North Sulawesi. Cyrtodactylus fumosus is one of the most distinctive species among the six bent-toed geckos recorded from Sulawesi, and it differs from Sulawesi congeners by the presence of (1) precloacofemoral scales, including three pore-bearing scales on each thigh, separated from 10 or 11 pore-bearing scales in the precloacal region by 9-11 interscales in males, (2) a precloacal groove in adult males, (3) flat dorsal tubercles in 4-7 irregularly arranged longitudinal rows at midbody, and (4) a distinct lateral fold lacking tubercles. We also provide a revised identification key to the bent-toed gecko species of Sulawesi.
Do it yourself, together: a discourse analysis on how people talk about local initiatives for renewable energy

This study aims at examining the ways people communicate about energy transition, by analyzing the discourse of different stakeholders in a case of a local initiative for renewable energy. When moving from traditional to renewable energy, social acceptance of new technologies is of central importance, as public opposition can have extremely negative consequences for transition projects (Wuestenhagen, Wolsink & Buerer 2007). In order to get insights into the frames used by citizens when talking about energy transition, we chose a successful case of a local energy initiative from the northern of the Netherlands committed to supporting citizens in generating their own energy. Drawing on a corpus of online data, we conducted a discourse analysis from a discursive socioconstructivist perspective (Edwards 1994; Potter 1996) in order to examine examples of active social engagement in which local initiatives and citizens contribute to sustainability by generating their own energy (Bosman et. al 2013; Schwenke 2012). The main aim was to identify the frames that play a role in the discourse about successful local energy initiatives and allow us to better grasp the dynamics behind this type of upstream social engagement movements. Our results stress out the need for local initiatives to develop a discursive strategy that specifically distances itself from centralist approaches by stressing out the local aspect of energy transition, in opposition to national government approaches, as well as the social aspect of jointly improving the environment. The frames found are thus aimed at establishing contrasts in relation to institutions and approaches in which the public has gained distrust, on the one hand, and at constructing new collective identities with a shared vision, on the other. These results shed a light to the ways in which energy transition can be framed in order to increase local acceptance for renewable energy projects.
Playing tennis matches on clay court surfaces are associated with more perceived enjoyment response but less perceived exertion compared to hard courts

Background: A few studies have shown that different types of court surfaces can have different effects on tennis match performance in different age groups, however, no studies have researched on tennis match performance responses in young tennis players. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different court surfaces on psychophysiological responses, time-motion and match characteristics of young tennis players. Methods: Twenty-six young male tennis players (age 13.0 ± 0.3 years, body height 158 ± 8 cm, body mass 48 ± 7 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Heart rate was monitored along with total distance covered in four different speed zones-walking, low-intensity running, moderate-intensity running and high-intensity running, using two portable multivariable integrated 10 Hz GPS monitoring devices over twenty-six outdoor tennis matches; ratings of perceived exertion and enjoyment level were also determined at the end of the matches. Variables describing the characteristics of the matches determined from video recordings were: strokes per rally, rally duration, effective playing time, work-to-rest ratio and rest time between rallies. Differences between hard and clay courts were assessed by a paired t-test. Results: The results showed that clay court surfaces induced significantly more perceived enjoyment scores (29.4 ± 2.8 vs. 26.0 ± 3.2) with lower perceived exertion level (13.4 ± 2.7 vs. 14.4 ± 2.9) compared to hard courts. Moreover, a clay court surface is also more effective at improving physiological responses, time-motion and match characteristics compared to hard court. Conclusions: If a coach strives to improve their young tennis players' tennis-specific performance with greater physical enjoyment, clay court surfaces should be specially used in their tennis training season.
Hot workability of duplex stainless steels

Les aciers inoxydables austeno-ferritiques presentent une microstructure biphasee dans laquelle se melent austenite et ferrite. Leurs caracteristiques mecaniques elevees ainsi que leur bonne tenue en corrosion en font un candidat serieux pour remplacer les aciers inoxydables austenitiques. Malheureusement, la faible forgeabilite de ces alliages rend la fabrication de toles particulierement critique. En effet, le phenomene de « crique de rive » est frequemment rencontre au cours des etapes du laminage a chaud. Par consequent, cela necessite des operations supplementaires comme le decoupage des rives, ce qui aboutit a une augmentation des couts de production. Les differents facteurs influencant la ductilite a chaud de ces aciers sont passes en revue afin d'identifier quels sont les zones d'ombres. La synthese bibliographique revele deux zones d'ombres : d'une part, le manque d'un essai de ductilite a chaud permettant de discriminer differentes microstructures en terme de resistance a la propagation de fissure a haute temperature ; et d'autre part l'absence de donnees quantitative concernant la partition de la deformation entre la ferrite et l'austenite lors des etapes de mise en forme a chaud. Le concept de travail essentiel de rupture a ete applique a hautes temperatures. Il a ete demontre que cette methode est fiable et discriminante pour quantifier la resistance a la propagation de fissure a haute temperature. Elle permet egalement de generer un parametre physique pertinent pour optimiser les microstructures par rapport a un mode de mise en forme donne. La technique conventionnelle de micro-grilles a ete adaptee de maniere a cartographier a haute temperature les deformations a l'echelle de la microstructure. Cette technique fournit en plus des resultats qualitatifs concernant les mecanismes de deformations, des donnees quantitatives a propos de la partition de la deformation entre la ferrite et l'austenite. Ces donnees peuvent etre utilisees afin de valider les modeles qui predisent le comportement a chaud des aciers duplex pendant les premieres etapes du laminage a chaud. Les deux outils developpes au cours de cette etude permettent de donner des solutions pour eviter le phenomene de « crique de rives ».
Conditional expression of hepatocy te nuclear factor-1b, the maturity-onset diabetes of the young-5 gene product, influences the viability and functional competence of pancreatic b-cells

Mutations in the gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)1b result in maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)5, by impairing insulin secretory responses and, possibly, by reducing b-cell mass. The functional role of HNF1b in normal b-cells is poorly understood; therefore, in the present study, wild-type (WT) HNF1b, or one of two naturally occurring MODY5 mutations (an activating mutation, P328L329del, or a dominant-negative form, A263insGG) were conditionally expressed in the pancreatic b-cell line, insulin-1 (INS-1), and the functional consequences examined. Surprisingly, overexpression of the dominant-negative mutant did not modify any of the functional properties of the cells studied (including insulin secretion, cell growth and viability). By contrast, expression of WT HNF1b was associated with a timeand dose-dependent inhibition of INS-1 cell proliferation and a marked increase in Journal of Endocrinology (2006) 190, 171–181 0022–0795/06/0190–171 q 2006 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great apoptosis. Induction of WTHNF1b also inhibited the insulin secretory response to nutrient stimuli, membrane depolarisation or activation of protein kinases A and C and this correlated with a significant decrease in pancrease-duodenum homeobox-1 protein levels. The attenuation of insulin secretion was, however, dissociated from the inhibition of proliferation and loss of viability, since expression of the P328L329del mutant led to a reduced rate of cell proliferation, but failed to induce apoptosis or to alter insulin secretion. Taken together, the present results suggest that mature rodent b-cells are sensitive to increased expression of WT HNF1b and they imply that the levels of this protein are tightly regulated to maintain secretory competence and cell viability. Journal of Endocrinology (2006) 190, 171–181