Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cannibalism by female Calanus finmarchicus on naupliar stages

Cannibalism has been assumed to strongly affect population dynamics of the calanoid copepod Calanus spp. during the pre-bloom phase. We hypothesised that Calanus finmarchicus females cannibalise on nauplii until there is enough phytoplankton available to fulfil their energy demands. We tested this experimentally by exposing females to different concentrations of algae Thalassiosira weissflogii (0.08 to 22.58 µg chlorophyll a l -1 ) and nauplii (stages NI and NII, 0 to 20 nauplii l -1 ). Clearance rates on algae and on nauplii were high (221 and 689 ml ind. -1 d -1 , respec- tively), but were independent of algal concentration. Females ingested naupliar carbon at a higher proportion than was available, even when naupliar carbon accounted for <5% of the totally available carbon. Predation rates on nauplii increased linearly and significantly (p < 0.001) with increasing nauplii abundance. Compared with literature values, predation rates were considerably higher (up to 10 nauplii ind. -1 d -1 ) than predation rates of the sibling species C. helgolandicus and C. pacificus on their nauplii, and also higher than predation rates of the omnivorous copepod Metridia lucens on Calanus sp. nauplii. Based on our data, we estimated that as much as 20% d -1 of the nauplii popula- tion may be preyed on by adult females. Thus, during the pre-bloom period when abundance of nau- plii is small and that of females is large, cannibalism may prevent recruitment to the G1 population.
ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSIONS FOR THE MOMENTS OF A RANDOMLY STOPPED AVERAGE: EXTENSION AND APPLICATIONS OF A RESULT OF ARAS AND WOODROOFE

Aras and Woodroofe (1993) provide asymptotic expansions of the first four moments of ¯ Xt := St/t where t = ta =i nf{n ≥ 1: Zn >a }, Zn = n + YT. Martinsek (1983) obtained the second order expansion of the risk of this sequential estimation procedure, assuming the initial sample size m →∞ at a certain rate (but without specifying the form of distribution). If the initial sample size m is assumed to be prefixed, the second order expansion of the risk has been established by Woodroofe (1977) but only for normally distributed Yi . T he present paper provides the second order expansion of the risk under assumptions that m is prefixed and that the Yi is continuous with a bounded probability density function.
Low crested coastal defence structures on the Catalan coast of the Mediterranean Sea: how they compare with natural rocky shores

Erosion problems in coastal zones are increasingly threatening Mediterranean shores. In tourist areas such as the Catalan coast, there has been an increasing demand for the construction of low crested structures (LCS) to maintain beaches for recreational purposes. We studied the composition of the biota from three LCS and compared it with that of nearby natural rocky shores. Our purpose was to assess the composition of the communities growing on the LCS at a regional scale and to explore potential patterns of community composition in LCS in relation to the nature of the surrounding coast (i.e. sand or rocky shore), distance from natural hard-bottom communities and orientation of the blocks within the structure. The communities growing on the LCS were similar to those from nearby natural shores but the diversity and the number of taxa was always lower. Sixty to 95% of the species present on natural rocky shores grew on LCS, and differences in the number of taxa between the natural and the artificial substrates increased with increasing distances between them. On the Catalan coast, LCS act as impoverished rocky shores that never become natural ‘climax’ communities.
Immigrants and attachment status: Research findings with Dutch and Belgian immigrants in California

Although immigrants are an extremely diverse group, adults who emigrate nearly always experience separation from family of origin, extended family, and country. In this research we examined state of mind with respect to attachment, using the Adult Attachment Projective (George & West, 2003; George, West, & Pettem, 1999), and compared the attachment status of adult residents of California, USA, who still live near their family of origin in the area in which they were born and raised, to that of individuals who emigrated from The Netherlands and Belgium as adults to California. We found a significant relationship between being an immigrant and unresolved attachment status unrelated to time in the US, reason for immigration, and being married or single. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Dispersed leadership predictor of the work environment for creativity and productivity

Purpose – This paper examines the relationship between the dimensions of dispersed – self‐management – leadership and a number of work environment dimensions conducive to creativity and productivity.Design/methodology/approach – The study involves a questionnaire‐based survey of employees from a high technology organisation operating in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A total of 104 useable questionnaires were received from employees who are engaged in self‐managing activities. These were subjected to a series of correlational and regression analyses.Findings – There are three major findings in this research. First, the relationship between dispersed leadership and the “stimulant” dimensions of the work environment for creativity is positive and significant. Second, the relationship between dispersed leadership, with the exception of encouraging self‐reinforcement, and the “obstacle” dimensions of the work environment for creativity is negative and significant. Finally, the findings have clearly shown tha.
Impact of the electron-electron correlation on phonon dispersion:Failure of LDA and GGA DFT functionals in graphene and graphite.

We compute electron-phonon coupling (EPC) of selected phonon modes in graphene and graphite using various ab-initio methods. The inclusion of non-local exchange-correlation effects within the GW approach strongly renormalizes the square EPC of the A$'_1$ {\bf K} mode by almost 80$%$ with respect to density functional theory in the LDA and GGA approximations. Within GW, the phonon slope of the A$'_1$ {\bf K} mode is almost two times larger than in GGA and LDA, in agreement with phonon dispersions from inelastic x-ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy. The hybrid B3LYP functional overestimates the EPC at {\bf K} by about 30%. Within the Hartree-Fock approximation, the graphene structure displays an instability under a distortion following the A$'_1$ phonon at {\bf K}.
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SURGICAL PERITONITIS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Peritonitis is defined as inflammation of peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity and the organs contained therein. In Surgical practice we most often encounter cases of peritonitis which are mostly secondary to hollow viscous perforation. Purpose of our study is to find out which type of peritonitis is more common in our institute, which is the most common bacteria isolated from peritoneal fluid and which antibiotic is it most sensitive to. We studied 104 cases of age group 16 and above of both sex who presented with clinical features of peritonitis. Peritoneal fluid was obtained and sent for culture and sensitivity. Peritoneal fluid culture was positive in 55.76% cases. The incidence of culture positivity increased with duration of presentation. Gastro duodenal perforation was the most common etiological factor for peritonitis found in 42.86% cases followed by ileal perforation. E. coli was the most common bacteria isolated in study group followed by klebsiella. Most of the cultures were monomicrbial. E. coli was sensitive to amikacin, imipenem and meropenem (100%). So in our study Gram negative infection is more common in surgical peritonitis. Identification of bacteria and its sensitivity to the antibiotics is helpful to avoid injudicious use of antibiotics in surgical peritonitis. Proper choice of antibiotics along with surgical management and proper resuscitation in cases of surgical peritonitis can reduces mortality and morbidity associated with these high risk cases.
The Relationship Between National Culture and E-Adoption: A Case Study of Iran

National Culture, in the sense of the shared traditions and representations of a society, has a profound effect on the design, adoption and the use of Information Technologies in each society. E-Adoption refers to the adoption of Information Technology and internet. Using Hofstede theory as the primary theoretical framework, through a review of existing studies, the current study attempted to explore the potential impact of differences in national culture on IT implementation and adoption. Based on these studies, national culture has a major effect on e-adoption; it could be as a restraining or driving force. Given the fact that the concept of culture is not static and will change over the time, this study illustrated that by renewing Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, a newer attitude towards Iranian culture and its relevance with e-adoption could be achieved. In addition, the findings show that Iranian society is clustered in sense of some cultural indexes and concerning merely the average of every index, is not sufficient. Rather, it is necessary for an IT planner to provide a thorough plan which could cover each cluster of the society. To achieve this fact, we provide some propositions for e-adoption based on previous studies in other countries, to cover all of various clusters in each cultural index.
Savings accounts for young people in developing countries: Trends in practice

Recently, savings initiatives for young people have been garnering increasing attention within the development community for their perceived potential to promote both youth development and financial inclusion. This paper surveys current practice to better understand the diverse range of youth savings initiatives under way in developing countries, and the actors promoting them in a range of forms for various objectives. It also gathers the little evidence available on the extent to which such savings initiatives are fulfilling their perceived dual development potential. The paper ends with key questions that must be answered with further research and practical experimentation, before this development potential can be confirmed.
Efficiency of the R&D Sector in the EU-27 at the Regional Level: An Application of DEA

The main aim of the paper is to measure the relative efficiency of the R&D sector in the EU-27 at the regional level. For this purpose, the paper applies a non-parametric approach, i.e. data envelopment analysis (DEA), to assess the relative technical efficiency of R&D activities across selected EU (NUTS-2) regions. The empirical analysis integrates available inputs (R&D expenditures, researchers and employment in high-tech sectors) and outputs (patent and high-tech patent applications) over the 2005–2010 period. The empirical results show that among regions with a high intensity of R&D activities the most efficient performers are Noord-Brabant (Netherlands), Stuttgart (Germany) and Tirol (Austria). In contrast, a wide range of NUTS-2 regions from the Baltics, Eastern and Southern Europe is characterized by an extremely low rate of knowledge production and its efficiency, particularly in Poland (Mazowieckie), Lithuania (Lietuva), Latvia (Latvija), Romania (Bucuresti-Ilfov), Bulgaria (Yugozapaden), Slovakia (Zapadne Slovensko), Greece (Attiki), Spain (Canarias) and Italy (Sardegna).
Effects of some micronutrients and macronutrients on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Negin)

The effects of some micronutrients (iron, zinc and silicon) and macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were evaluated on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and plant growth parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Negin) in two independent trials. Each of iron, zinc and silicon micronutrients was used at 5 mg/kg of soil, as iron sequestrene (Fe-EDDHA), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and sodium siliconate (Na2O3Si), respectively. Furthermore, nitrogen at 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg, phosphorus at 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg and potassium at 12.5, 25 and 37.5 mg/kg of soil were used as urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate, respectively. At four-leaf stage seedlings, 8000 nematode eggs and juveniles (2 egg and juveniles/gr soil) were added around the roots. After 60-days, data analysis indicated silicon + iron, significantly reduced the number of galls/g of root by 55 and 42% compared to control, in the two experiments, respectively, but none of these treatments resulted in significant positive effects on the growth or yield of the studied cucumber cultivar. When macronutrients were evaluated, results showed that N120P25K25 (120 mg/kg of Nitrogen, 25 mg/kg of phosphorus and 25 mg/kg of potassium) and N120P50K25 (120 mg/kg of nitrogen, 50 mg/kg of phosphorus and 25 mg/kg of potassium) significantly reduced the number of galls by 96 and 81% (experiment 3) and 79 and 70% (experiment 4) when compared with control, respectively. These both treatments also improved cucumber growth parameters such as shoot dry and fresh weights, root fresh weight and fruit yield.
The feeding value of moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage as replacement to conventional concentrate diet in Bengal goats.

A mixed concentrate diet was replaced by graded levels of dried moringa foliage in growing Black Bengal goats and dry matter intake, digestibility and nutrient utilization and the growth performances were determined. Thirty growing male goats were divided into five groups with six animals in each group. The five dietary treatments consisted of varying proportions of moringa foliage (MF) and concentrate (C), namely, T1 (100MF: 0C), T2 (75MF:25C), T3 (50MF:50C), T4 (25MF: 75C) and T5 (0MF:100C). The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design. All the five diets contain similar level of crude protein (average CP 18.3±0.09%) and metabolizable energy (average ME 10.96±0.19). The intake of dry matter and CP of goats on diet T1 (100% moringa) differed significantly (p 0.05) among the diets. Nitrogen retention was significantly higher (P<0.01) in goats fed withT1, T2orT3 diet than those fed with T4orT5 diet. Highest average daily live weight gain was found in goats fed with T2 diet while the lowest (P<0.05) was found in goats fed with T5 diet. It was concluded that moringa foliage may be a replacer of conventionally mixed concentrate for feeding Bengal male goats.
Understory Vegetation in Oil Palm Plantations Benefits Soil Biodiversity and Decomposition Rates

Oil palm is the most productive oil crop per unit area and is crucial to the economy of developing countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. However, it is also highly controversial due to the impact it has on biodiversity. Inputs of herbicides to control understory vegetation in plantations are high, which is likely to harm native biodiversity, but may be unnecessary in protecting oil palm yield. In this study we investigate the effects of understory manipulation using herbicides on soil fauna, litter decomposition rates and soil abiotic variables: pH, soil organic carbon, soil water content, nitrogen, carbon/nitrogen ratio, potassium and phosphorous. Understory vegetation was manipulated in three treatments: enhanced (no herbicides), normal (intermediate herbicide use) and reduced treatments (heavy herbicide use). Two years after treatment, soil macrofauna diversity was higher in the enhanced than the normal and reduced understory treatment. Furthermore, both macrofauna abundance and litter decomposition was higher in the enhanced than the reduced understory treatment. By contrast, soil fertility did not change between treatments, perhaps indicating there is little competition between oil palms and understory vegetation. The reduction of herbicide use should be encouraged in oil palm plantations, this will not only reduce plantation costs, but improve soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Male effect associated with suckling interruption on the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temporary suckling interruption associated with the male effect on reproductive performance of pluriparous Santa Ines ewes. The females were kept apart from the males for 60 days and then randomly distributed into three treatments associated with the male effect (DT0, DT24 and DT48); in DT0, there was no suckling interruption; in DT24, suckling was interrupted for 24 hours, and in DT48, sucking was interrupted for 48 hours. Estrous distribution was observed within 31 (DT0), 27 (DT24) and 38 (DT48) days of the breeding season. Estrous synchronization up to the 5th day of the mating season was observed in 15% (DT0), 30% (DT24) and 25% (DT48) of the females, with no difference among treatments. Estrous percentages were 90% (DT0), 100% (DT24) and 100% (DT48), with no difference among treatments. Pregnancy rates were 38.4% (DT0), 60.0% (DT24) and 45.0% (DT48) with no difference among treatments. Prolificacy was 1.43 (DT0), 1.17 (DT24) and 1.22 (DT48) and did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, temporary suckling interruption associated with the male effect is efficient to induce estrous but not to synchronize estrous or increase the pregnancy rates and prolificacy of Santa Ines ewes during a 45-day breeding season.
Reflecting on the dichotomy native-non native speakers in an EFL context

This article provides a discussion based on constructs about the dichotomy between native and non-native speakers. Several models and examples are displayed about the spreading of the English language with the intention of understanding its development in the whole world and in Colombia, specifically. Then, some possible definitions are given to the term "native speaker" and its conceptualization is described as both reality and myth. One of the main reasons for writing this article is grounded on the promotion of the concept of what is native as something based on scientific facts, transcending the analysis from the common sense (Han, 2004). Topics such as language commands and its teaching are tackled in terms of strengths and weaknesses of a native-speaking teacher who teaches his/her mother tongue in a foreign country. Finally, students' points of view are described about the native and non-native teachers. At the end, the article makes emphasis on the need for understanding the dichotomy between native speakers and non-native speakers in order to improve the English language teaching in Colombia.
A new Navicula (Bacillariophyta) species from low-elevation carbonate springs affected by anthropogenic disturbance

Diatom assemblages in carbonate spring habitats at low elevations, with low discharge, and affected by direct human impacts were studied only recently and in some geographic areas. We describe and characterize the ecology of a new Navicula species from springs with these characteristics within the basin of the River Adige in the south-eastern Alps and Alpine foothills (Province of Verona, Italy). Navicula veronensis sp. nov. is in the group of species around N. cincta but has distinct outline, size, central area, and proximal raphe endings. The availability of data on the distribution of the new species in streams of the Island of Cyprus allowed to quantitatively compare the ecological preferences, niche position, and niche breadth of Navicula veronensis sp. nov. with those of allied species. The new species was found to be characteristic of medium-high conductivity freshwaters, rich in sulphates and chloride, often nitrate enriched and affected by marked discharge fluctuations and seasonal desiccation. Niche position however differed only slightly from those of morphologically-similar species, with the exception of Navicula dealpina that was found to be characteristic of oligotrophic, calcium-bicarbonate rich environments with medium(-low) conductivity. Canonical Correspondence Analysis clearly showed that the most influential environmental variables determining the diatom assemblages of low-elevation carbonate springs affected by anthropogenic disturbance were nitrate enrichment, spring morphology alteration (in particular for water abstraction), and low discharge.
Vibration signal analysis for monitoring tool wear in high speed turning of Ti-6Al-4V

Vibration signals from metal cutting processes have been investigated for various purposes, including in-process tool wear monitoring. High speed machining is a machining process, where the speeds are at least 2-50 times greater than conventional machining. Titanium based alloys are difficult-to-machine materials which are widely used in various applications. Tool wear is a major problem in these materials because of their lower thermal conductivity and high hardness. In this context, this paper studies vibration signals acquired during high speed turning of Ti-6Al-4V, which is a widely used titanium based alloy for evaluating tool wear, mainly flank wear. Two types of inserts have been considered in the investigation namely an uncoated and a coated carbide insert. The experiments have been conducted with coolant and without coolant. The vibration signals have been subjected to wavelet transform (WT). The average energy of wavelet coefficients calculated from the vibration signals can be employed to monitor the tool wear in both the types of inserts investigated.
MACER Improved: AGN Feedback Computed in Rotating Early-type Galaxies at High Resolution

Based on our previous modeling of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in isolated elliptical galaxies using the MACER (Massive AGN Controlled Ellipticals Resolved) code, we extend and improve the model to include rotation, to facilitate angular momentum transfer via the Toomre instability in gaseous disks, to limit the star formation to regions of high density and low temperature, and to improve the treatment of hot-mode (low accretion rate) AGN feedback. The model galaxy now has an extended dark matter profile that matches with standard observations, but it has a resolution of parsecs in the inner region and resolves the Bondi radius. We find that the results agree reasonably well with a panoply of observations: (1) Both AGN activity and star formation are primarily in central cold gaseous disks, are bursty, and are mainly driven by the Toomre instability. (2) The AGN duty cycle agrees well with the Soltan argument, i.e., the AGN spends most of its lifetime when it is in low luminosity (half of the time with ), while emitting most of its energy when it is in high luminosity (half of radiant energy emitted with L/LEdd > 0.06). (3) The total star formation is roughly a few percent of the initial stellar mass, occurring in the bursts that would be associated with the observed E+A phenomenon. Most of the star formation occurs in a circumnuclear disk of size ≤1 kpc, which is in agreement with recent observations. (4) The interstellar medium X-ray luminosity varies within a reasonable range (median erg s−1), in agreement with observations.