Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histological verification of positive positron emission tomography findings in the follow-up of patients with mediastinal lymphoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Follow-ups of patients with mediastinal lymphoma are not accurate if they rely on computed tomography (CT). Positron emission tomography (PET) has been suggested to be useful in several lymphoma settings, such as initial staging, evaluation of residual masses after therapy, and assessment of response early in the course of treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to verify the reliability of positive PET scans of the mediastinum in following up patients with mediastinal lymphoma, using histological findings as a comparison. DESIGN AND METHODS From January 2002 to July 2005, 151 patients with mediastinal lymphoma (57 with Hodgkin's disease [HD] and 94 with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL]) were followed-up after the end of front-line treatment. Patients with a positive PET scan of the mediastinum underwent CT scanning and surgical biopsy. RESULTS In 30 (21 HD and 9 NHL) out of 151 patients (20%) a suspicion of lymphoma relapse was raised based on positive mediastinal PET scanning. Histology confirmed this suspicion in 17 (10 HD and 7 NHL) out of 30 patients (57%), whereas either benign (9 fibrosis, 3 sarcoid-like granulomatosis) or unrelated neoplastic conditions (1 thymoma) were demonstrated in the remaining 13 patients (43%). SUVmax was significantly higher among patients who had signs of relapse (17 true positive cases) than among those who stayed in remission (13 false positive cases), the median values being 5.95 (range, 3.5-26.9) and 2.90 (range, 1.4-3.3), respectively (p=0.01). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS We suggest that a positive PET scan of the mediastinum of a patient being followed-up for a mediastinal lymphoma should not be considered sufficient for diagnostic purposes in view of its lack of discrimination. Histological confirmation can safely be carried out with various biopsy techniques, the choice of which should be made on the basis of the findings of the clinical and imaging studies of the individual case.
Detection of Viral DNA in Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis Autopsy Tissues by Solution‐Phase PCR: Comparison with Pathology and Immunohistochemistry

To detect DNA sequences of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in neural and non‐neural tissue sections in disseminated human neonatal HSV infection, a solution polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed which amplified HSV thymidine kinase and host genomic DNA sequences that were hybridized with sequence‐specific probes in Southern blots. Serial sections of formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded autopsy tissues were tested by PCR and compared to histology and HSV antigen detection. The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of this PCR protocol were determined on uninfected and HSV‐infected mouse tissues and on HSV DNA from infected tissue culture cells. Samples estimated to contain as few as 60 copies of preserved HSV DNA target sequence gave a positive PCR result. In nine neonates that died during acute HSV infection, all non‐neural tissues and a minority of neural tissues with histological lesions had HSV antigen; when DNA could be amplified, HSV DNA sequences were detected by PCR. Together, these findings indicate a direct role for virus in the pathogenesis of these lesions. In the same cases, some or all brain samples were negative for HSV antigen, but nevertheless had HSV DNA sequences detected by PCR. The possible explanations for this finding are discussed. In one neonate dying seven weeks after birth, HSV sequences were found in brain lesions in the absence of HSV antigen; neither HSV DNA nor antigen were found in non‐neural tissues, suggesting a latent HSV infection in brain. It is practical to apply PCR methods to detect minute quantities of viral DNA in formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded autopsy tissues. With careful selection of conditions, suitable controls and meticulous attention to technique, specific results can be obtained, and can be correlated with histology and immunohistochemical observations.
Exploring the effects of commuting on workers’ satisfaction: evidence for Spain

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between commuting time and satisfaction with different life domains. Based on data for Spain, the results show that commuting time exerts a negative impact on all areas of satisfaction for male and female workers, and that longer commutes affect women’s satisfaction disproportionally. Using public transport and walking/cycling worsen this effect, as do higher degrees of urbanization and population density. According to the evidence, whose robustness is tested in several ways, the negative effect of commuting time on satisfaction is greater for lower income workers, although for them the Great Recession moderated this effect.
The incidence of hematological neoplasms morbidity on radiation-contaminated territories in Cherkasy region.

OBJECTIVE The main goal was to analyze the incidence of the morbidity in 1980, 1989, 2001, 2014 years and the structures of the absolute number of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms cases during the period 1980-2014 on radiation contaminated and not contaminated territories in Cherkasy region. MATERIALS AND METHODS The epidemiological indecies of hematological neoplasms were analyzed on radiation con taminated and not contaminated territories in Cherkasy region during the period from 1980 to 2014. Referring the territory in Cherkasy region to radiation contaminated is based on settlements dosimetry certification of Ukraine after the Chornobyl accident. 63 settlements were enrolled to radiation contaminated areas in Cherkasy region and 11 settlements assigned as not contaminated areas. RESULTS The first positions in the list of the hematological neoplasms structure and frequency among new cases during 1980-2014 on not contaminated territories in Cherkasy region occupied by lymphoid leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloid leukemia and on the radiation contaminated territories - chronic, acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia and lymphoma, diffuse large cell lymphoma. In the structure of hematological neoplasms record ed on the contaminated territories in Cherkasy region, there is a smaller proportion of Hodgkin's lymphoma cases (C81) than 0.84 fold (RR = 0.84; 95 % CI = 0.75-0.93) and more than 1.15 times (RR = 1.15; 95 % CI = 1.02-1.30) other unspecified malignant lymphoid and hematopoietic neoplasms. In 2001 on the radiation contaminated terri tories in Cherkasy region increase the incidence of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia in 2.46 times (p = 0.024) observed compared to non contaminated areas there (5.30 per 100 000, 95% CI = 3.03-8.33 versus 2.15 per 100,000, 95 % CI = 0.66-3.64). It was calculated that RR of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia (C92) in 2001 on radiation contaminated areas in Cherkasy region is 1.40 (95 % CI = 1.12-1.17) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (C81) on condition ally clean areas Cherkasy region - 1.70 (95 % CI = 1.36-2.12).
Shipping Equity Risk Behavior and Portfolio Management

This paper investigates the dynamics of stock price volatility for different vessel-type segments of the U.S, water transportation industry. We measure market exposure by a portfolio of tanker, dry bulk, container, and gas stocks to examine tail behavior and tail risk dependence. The role of mixture distributions in predicting future volatility is studied from both statistical and economic perspectives. We further test for predictability in co-movements in the tails of sectors returns. Findings indicate that large losses are strongly correlated, supporting asymmetric transmission processes for financial contagion. Finally, using a non-parametric approach, we extend the model to the multivariate case and assess the value of volatility and correlation timing in optimal portfolio selection. The results can help to improve the understanding of time-varying volatility, correlation and tail systemic risk of shipping stock markets, and consequently, have implications for risk management and asset allocation practices, as well as regulatory policies.
Work Namaste: The Importance of Mattering at Work, and How a Leader Can Create an Environment Where Employees Feel They and Their Work Matter

The concept of mattering is an underdeveloped, yet important component of an employee’s success in the workplace, and personal well-being. Deficit-based leadership strategies employed by many organizations can break-down the ability for an employee to feel that they and their work matter, however, the focus by leaders on mattering can lead employees to feel: my leader is invested in my success, I am noticed, I am cared about, I am depended upon, I would be missed if I were not here, my leader is interested in what I say and do, I am appreciated, and I am noticed for my unique strengths. And through a focus on mattering, employees could also know and feel recognized for the impact of their work on the organization, and in society; and leaders can grow their employee’s capability to flourish, thus increasing work effectiveness and performance. The opportunities to experiment and the tactics to create a culture of mattering through the customized definition outlined in this paper called work namaste are endless. This paper will provide a framework for leadership training programs on mattering as well as coaching exercises for leaders to utilize. Leaders can use work namaste as a playground for creating human flourishing and achieving organizational goals.
Increase in sympathetic activity with age. I. Role of impairment of arterial baroreflexes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in arterial baroreflex function with aging. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) obtained in the awake state was 110 +/- 7 mmHg in the young animals (1 yr; n = 5) and 128 +/- 6 mmHg in the old beagles (11 yr; n = 11) (P less than 0.05). In response to bolus administration of varying doses of phenylephrine and nitroglycerin in the conscious state, the slope relating heart rate (HR) to MAP was attenuated significantly in the old animals compared with the young (-0.87 +/- 0.30 vs. -2.35 +/- 0.44 beats.min-1.mmHg-1; P less than 0.05). After atropine, the baroreflex control of HR was abolished in both groups. After anesthesia and sectioning of the aortic depressor nerves, and with isolated carotid sinus pressures (CSP) held at 50 mmHg, absolute renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was significantly greater in the old (368 +/- 40 Hz) vs. the young animals (41 +/- 9 Hz). In the old, the gains of baroreflex inhibition of MAP (0.78 +/- 0.09) and normalized RSNA (0.38 +/- 0.14%/mmHg) during increases in CSP were decreased significantly compared with the young (MAP, 1.16 +/- 0.17 mmHg, and RSNA, 0.72 +/- 0.06%/mmHg). In a subgroup of old normotensive animals (n = 5), the baroreflex gain of RSNA was still attenuated (0.43 +/- 0.11%/mmHg) compared with the young. The reflex reduction in absolute RSNA as a function of baseline RSNA was also impaired in old vs. young beagles. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clostridium pasteurianum F1Fo ATP Synthase: Operon, Composition, and Some Properties

ABSTRACT The atp operon encoding F1Fo ATP synthase in the fermentative obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum was sequenced. It consisted of nine genes arranged in the order atpI(i), atpB(a), atpE(c), atpF(b), atpH(δ), atpA(α), atpG(γ), atpD(β), and atpC(ε), which was identical to that found in many bacteria. Reverse transcription-PCR confirmed the presence of the transcripts of all nine genes. The amount of ATPase activity in the membranes of C. pasteurianum was low compared to what has been found in many other bacteria. The F1Fo complexes solubilized from membranes of C. pasteurianum and Escherichia coli had similar masses, suggesting similar compositions for the F1Fo complexes from the two bacteria. Western blotting experiments with antibodies raised against the purified subunits of F1Fo detected the presence of eight subunits, α, β, γ, δ, ε, a, b, and c, in the F1Fo complex from C. pasteurianum. The F1Fo complex from C. pasteurianum was activated by thiocyanate, cyanate, or sulfhydryl compounds; inhibited by sulfite, bisulfite, or bicarbonate; and had tolerance to inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The target of thiol activation of the F1Fo complex from C. pasteurianum was F1. Thiocyanate and sulfite were noncompetitive with respect to substrate Mg ATP but competitive with respect to each other. The F1 and Fo parts of the F1Fo complexes from C. pasteurianum and E. coli bound to each other, but the hybrid F1Fo complexes were not functionally active.
Dexmedetomidine for Improved Quality of Emergence From General Anesthesia: A Dose-Finding Study.

BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine provides smooth and hemodynamically stable emergence at the expense of hypotension, delayed recovery, and sedation. We investigated the optimal dose of dexmedetomidine for prevention of cough, agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, and shivering, with minimal side effects. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 216 adult patients were randomly assigned to dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg (D 1), 0.5 µg/kg (D 0.5), 0.25 µg/kg (D 0.25), or control (C). During emergence, cough, agitation, hemodynamic parameters, shivering, time to extubation, and sedation scores were recorded. RESULTS A total of 190 patients were analyzed. The respective incidences for the groups D 1, D 0.5, and D 0.25 versus group C were 48%, 64%, and 64% vs 84% for cough-corrected P < . 003 between groups D 1 and C; 33%, 34%, and 33% vs 72% for agitation-corrected P < . 003 between group C and each of the study groups; and 4%, 2%, and 7% vs 22% for shivering-corrected P = . 03 and corrected P = . 009 between groups D 1 and D 0.5 versus group C, respectively. The percent increase from baseline blood pressure on extubation for the 3 treatment groups was significantly lower than group C. Percent increase in heart rate was lower than control in groups D 1 and D 0.5 but not in group D 0.25. Time to extubation and sedation scores were comparable. However, more hypotension was recorded during the emergence phase in the 3 treatment groups versus group C. CONCLUSIONS D 1 at the end of surgery provides the best quality of emergence from general anesthesia including the control of cough, agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, and shivering. D 0.5 also controls emergence phenomena but is less effective in controlling cough. The 3 doses do not delay extubation. However, they cause dose-dependent hypotension.
Bariatric surgery and diabetes remission: Who would have thought it?

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are increasingly common and major global health problems. The Edmonton obesity staging system clearly pointed towards increased mortality proportionate to the severity of obesity. Obesity itself triggers insulin resistance and thereby poses the risk of T2DM. Both obesity and T2DM have been associated with higher morbidity and mortality and this calls for institution of effective therapies to deal with the rising trend of complications arising out of this dual menace. Although lifestyle changes form the cornerstone of therapy for both the ailments, sustained results from this modalities is far from satisfactory. While Look AHEAD (action for HEAalth in diabetes) study showed significant weight loss, reduction in glycated hemoglobin and higher remission rate of T2DM at 1st year following intensive lifestyle measures; recurrence and relapse rate bounced back in half of subjects at 4 years, thereby indicating that weight loss and glycemic control is difficult to maintain in the long term with lifestyle interventions. Same recurrence phenomenon was also observed with pharmacotherapy with rimonabant, sibutramine and orlistat. Bariatric surgery has been seen to associate with substantial and sustained weight loss in morbidly obese patients. Interestingly, bariatric surgeries also induce higher rates of short and long-term diabetes remission. Although the exact mechanism behinds this diabetes remission are not well understood; improved insulin action, beta-cell function and complex interplay of hormones in the entero-insular axis appears to play a major role. This article reviews the effectiveness of bariatric procedures on remission or improvement in diabetes and put a perspective on its implicated mechanisms.
Science teacher education for sustainable development: from intensions to realisation

Teacher education programs have an especially important role in reorienting education to realise education for sustainable development (ESD). In this paper, we investigate how ESD can be realised in science teacher education and we present findings from a case study in a Norwegian teacher education institution that has the overall aim of educating teachers who can contribute to sustainable development. Data was collected through participant observation and interviews, and, together with instructional artefacts and student assignments, analysed based on a model for science ESD. The paper provides an example of how ESD can be realised through a strengths model where ESD is founded in the strengths among the teacher educators and existing teaching practices. The results indicate that an emphasis on experiential learning and sociocultural learning theory builds a thorough foundation for ESD. However, the teaching has to be explicit in order to reach all student teachers.
Evaluation of the Characteristics and Association Between Schneiderian Membrane Thickness and Nasal Septum Deviation

Objective: Nasal septum deviation (NSD) is an anomaly that disturbs normal mucus drainage in sinuses, leading to recurrent sinusitis. Sinusitis, infections, and mucosal irritations are the potential causes of Schneiderian membrane thickening (SMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and association between NSD and SMT along with factors such as age, gender, and tooth groups using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Methods: The maxillary sinus and nasal cavity of 249 patients (136 females and 113 males) were examined retrospectively using CBCT. The statistical analysis was performed to determine the association between SMT, NSD, gender, and age. Results: No statistically significant relation was detected between NSD and SMT. The NSD was found in 50.6% of patients without gender predilection. Age was not associated with the presence of NSD. The mean thickness of the membrane was least in the third molar region and highest in the first molar region. The average SMT was found to be higher in males for all the examined tooth areas (P ⩽ 0.05). Conclusion: A retrospective evaluation of CBCT images emphasized the concept that NSD was not a factor that affected the thickening of maxillary sinus mucosa. The CBCT imaging could be used for evaluating the maxillary sinuses and nasal septum.
Cytotoxic damage of soybean agglutinin on intestinal epithelial cells of broiler chicks: in vitro protection by Bifidobacterium infantis CRL1395.

Plant lectins, which are proteins/glycoproteins present in a wide range of vegetables, fruits, cereals and beans, are resistant to digestive enzymes and food cooking temperatures. They bind reversibly to specific glycosidic residues expressed on the membrane of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and cause anti-nutritional effects in humans and animals. Soybean lectin (SBA) has been detected in poultry diets, and its ability to bind to the intestinal epithelium has been reported. The development of new methods for removing SBA from feeds or to prevent interaction with the intestinal mucosa is of interest. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of SBA on IEC of chicks was demonstrated for the first time. The LD50, assessed after 2 h exposure of IEC to SBA, was 6.13 μg mL(-1) The ability of Bifidobacterium infantis CRL1395 to bind SBA on the bacterial envelope was confirmed, and prevention of IEC cytotoxicity by lectin removal was demonstrated. Safety of B. infantis CRL1395, resistance to gastrointestinal stress and adhesion were also determined. It was concluded that the early administration of B. infantis CRL1395 to chicks would effectively reduce the toxicity of SBA. Besides, it would favour the colonization of the gut with a beneficial microbiota.
COGNITIVE AND EVOKED RESPONSE MEASURES OF INFORMATION PROCESSING IN SCHIZOPHRENICS WITH AND WITHOUT A FAMILY HISTORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

Twenty-four male schizophrenics, 12 (SFH) with schizophrenia in the immediate family and 12 (SNFH) with no evidence of schizophrenia in the family background, and 24 male control subjects, 12 highly educated (HEC), and 12 minimally educated (MEC), were assessed for premorbid social adjustment and were administered the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, a size estimation task, and the EEG average evoked response (AER) at different levels of stimulus intensity. As predicted from the stimulus redundancy formulation, the SFH patients were poorer in premorbid adjustment, were less often paranoid, functioned at a lower level of cognitive efficiency (poor digit symbol and greater absolute error on size estimation), were more chronic, and, in some respects, had size estimation indices of minimal scanning. Contrary to prediction, the SFH group had the strongest and most sustained augmenting response on AER, while the SNFH group shifted from an augmenting to a reducing pattern of response. The relationship between an absence of AER reducing and the presence of cognitive impairment in the SFH group was a major focus of discussion.
Persistence and desistance of oppositional defiant disorder in a community sample of children with ADHD.

OBJECTIVE To examine the developmental progression of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in a community sample of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with particular emphasis on persistence and desistance of ODD and the emergence of new cases of conduct disorder (CD). METHOD A sample of disruptive children was identified from a multiple-gate epidemiological screen and stratified into diagnostic subgroups on the basis of a structured interview. A comparison sample of nondisruptive children was also identified. Group comparisons were performed on demographic, descriptive, family history, and clinical characteristics. Changes in rates of ODD symptoms and diagnostic subgroup membership were assessed after a 4-year longitudinal interval. Predictors of diagnostic group persistence were tested. RESULTS Few differences distinguished diagnostic subgroups at baseline. Of the 43 children with baseline diagnoses of ADHD + ODD, only 1 (2.3%) was found to have developed CD at follow-up. Over time there was a 57% rate of ODD persistence and a 43% rate of ODD desistance. Negative parenting practices and mothers' psychiatric disorders predicted persistence of ODD. CONCLUSIONS There was little evidence to show that ODD acted as a precursor to CD. However, when CD was diagnosed at baseline it was always associated with or preceded by ODD (i.e., prodrome). For a subgroup of children with ADHD, comorbid ODD symptoms are relatively unstable and may represent transient developmental perturbations that have little prognostic significance. For a larger subgroup of children with ADHD, ODD symptoms persist into the adolescent years and are associated with adverse parenting practices.