Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal-Spatial Distribution Changes of Cancer Villages in China

A Cancer Village is the village whose cancer morbidity or mortality is remarkably higher than the national averages,which is the reflection of high incidence of cancer in the village-level spatial scale. The appearance of Cancer Village is a result of the evolution of man-land relationship,the spatial-temporal distribution and changes of those is a Health Geography problem. From the viewpoint of Health Geography,according to the definition of Cancer Village,through the construction of"Database of Cancer Villages 1980- 2011in China"and the utilization of spatial-temporal analysis methods of ArcGIS,this paper analyses the spatial-temporal distribution and change of Cancer Villages in China since 1980. The results show that: 1) the first Cancer Village in China appeared in 1954,and 351Cancer Villages were found by the end of 2011. The number of Cancer Villages increased slowly before 1988,but rapidly since then,so that 186 Cancer Villages,accounting for 53% of the total,newly occurred in the decade between 2000 and 2009,which may be called as a decade of Cancer Villages in clusters and groups. 2) The spatial distribution pattern of Cancer Village in China was congregating,but the regional difference was significant,generally,the number of Cancer Villages in the eastern zone was more than the central zone,and the central zone more than the western zone. According to the number of Cancer Villages per 10 000 square kilometers at provincial level,China could be divided into four levels: rather dense area of Cancer Villages,relatively dense area of Cancer Villages,sparse area of Cancer Villages and blank area of Cancer Villages. 3) In the last thirty years,the gravity centers of Cancer Villages in China kept shifting in the border of Hubei and Henan provinces,and generally there was a tendency of moving from west to east,while the gravity center of Cancer Villages added every five years also kept shifting in the border regions of Hubei,Henan and Anhui provinces,but there was a tendency of moving from northeast to southwest. 4) The distribution of Cancer Villages had a very close correlation with rivers,nearly 60 % of Cancer Villages located within a distance of three kilometers from rivers,and 81% within five kilometers. 5) 95. 16 % of Cancer Villages in China were caused by chemical carcinogenic factors,1. 99 % by virus carcinogenic factors,and 1. 14 % by physical carcinogenic factors. Environmental pollution,especially the water pollution,was the chief cause of Cancer Villages.
Nonthermal irreversible electroporation for intracranial surgical applications. Laboratory investigation.

OBJECT Nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is a novel, minimally invasive technique to treat cancer, which is unique because of its nonthermal mechanism of tumor ablation. This paper evaluates the safety of an NTIRE procedure to lesion normal canine brain tissue. METHODS The NTIRE procedure involved placing electrodes into a targeted area of brain in 3 dogs and delivering a series of short and intense electric pulses. The voltages of the pulses applied were varied between dogs. Another dog was used as a sham control. One additional dog was treated at an extreme voltage to determine the upper safety limits of the procedure. Ultrasonography was used at the time of the procedure to determine if the lesions could be visualized intraoperatively. The volumes of ablated tissue were then estimated on postprocedure MR imaging. Histological brain sections were then analyzed to evaluate the lesions produced. RESULTS The animals tolerated the procedure with no apparent complications except for the animal that was treated at the upper voltage limit. The lesion volume appeared to decrease with decreasing voltage of applied pulses. Histological examination revealed cell death within the treated volume with a submillimeter transition zone between necrotic and normal brain. CONCLUSIONS The authors' results reveal that NTIRE at selected voltages can be safely administered in normal canine brain and that the volume of ablated tissue correlates with the voltage of the applied pulses. This preliminary study is the first step toward using NTIRE as a brain cancer treatment.
Yield and Complications in Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of Abdominal Lesions

A series of 458 consecutive ultrasound-guided biopsies in 347 patients − 171 fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) and 287 1.2-mm needle core biopsies (NCBs) − was analysed for diagnostic yield and complications. FNAB was diagnostic in 107 (64%) biopsies of focal lesions with a correct diagnosis of malignancy in 86 of 125 biopsies (69%) and of benign disease in 21 of 43 (49%) biopsies. NCB provided a correct diagnosis in 189 (90%) biopsies for focal lesions, divided into 140 of 159 (88%) correct for malignancy and 49 of 50 (98%) correct for benign disease. In 69 patients examined with both FNAB and NCB on the same occasion, 50 out of 55 malignant lesions were identified with NCB but only 34 with FNAB; all 14 benign lesions were correctly identified by NCB, and only 6 by FNAB. Clinical relevant bleeding complications occurred in 6 out of 458 biopsies (1.3%) − 3 out of 287 following NCB (1.0%) and 3 out of 171 following FNAB (1.8%). It is concluded that if FNAB is replaced with 1.2-mm NCB using an automated biopsy gun, the diagnostic accuracy for abdominal lesions increases significantly (p<0.001), while the complication rate remains the same.
Predicting Treatment Failure in the Subacute Injury Phase Using the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire: An Observational Prospective Study in a Workers’ Compensation System

Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine if patient scores on a brief biopsychosocial screening questionnaire—the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (OMPQ)—could predict clinical discharge status (“fit” vs “not fit” for return to work) after a standardized 6-week physical therapy-based work conditioning program. Methods: The OMPQ was administered to a derivation sample of 200 injured workers with soft tissue injuries before beginning treatment. A clinical cutoff score of 147 was subsequently tested in a second validation sample of 211 injured workers. Results: The OMPQ was able to correctly predict the discharge status of 85% of claimants. Conclusions: These results suggest that the OMPQ can facilitate clinical decision-making through early identification of individuals likely to fail a unidisciplinary physical therapy program and who may benefit from more complete biopsychosocial treatment.
Psychosis of epilepsy: a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder

Psychosis of epilepsy (POE) is a term applied to a group of psychotic disorders with a distinct phenomenology in which potential etiopathogenic mechanisms are believed to be closely related to a seizure disorder. POE can present as interictal psychotic episodes, which may often differ semiologically from primary schizophrenic disorder. They may present as ictal or postictal psychotic episodes and may be the expression of an iatrogenic process to pharmacologic and/or surgical interventions.Epilepsy and POE have a complex and bidirectional relation, as not only are patients with epilepsy at greater risk of developing a psychotic disorder, but patients with a primary psychotic disorder are also at greater risk of developing epilepsy. The prevalence of POE is more than 7 times higher than the frequency of primary schizophreniform disorders in the general population. While POE has been associated with focal epilepsy of temporal and frontal lobe origin, its etiology and pathophysiology of POE have yet to be established.The treatment of all forms of POE, with the exception of ictal psychotic episodes, requires the use of antipsychotic drugs, preferably the atypical antipsychotic agents with a very low or negligible potential to lower the seizure threshold (eg, risperidone, apiprazole), starting at a low dose with stepwise increments.
Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography # 16.10 Quality of government and social capital as drivers of regional diversification in Europe

Industrial diversification is considered crucial for economies to prosper. Recent studies have shown that regional economies tend to diversify into sectors that are related to those already present in the region. However, no study yet has investigated the impact of regional institutions. The objective of the paper is to bring together the literatures on related diversification and institutions by analyzing how formal and informal institutions influence regional diversification. Analyzing 118 European regions in the period 2004 and 2012, we find evidence that institutions matter for regions to diversify into new industries. Bridging social capital is a key driver of regional diversification, in addition to relatedness, in contrast to quality of government in regions. Bonding social capital has a negative impact in regions with a low quality of government. This suggests that regional institutions relevant for structural change in regions are predominantly informal in character rather than formal, and bridging rather than bonding.
Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to India

India, without exception, as in case of other developing countries, is eager to prompt its economic growth which compels it to accept and seek assistance of foreign direct investment (FDI). At present, it accounts for 1.25 per cent share of global FDI inflows, 7.18 per cent of Asian inflows and garners more than two third share of FDI inflows to the developing South Asia. Present study traces the history of FDI in India and reveals that actually FDI in India is an evolution since mid-eighteenth century and is an outcome of international and domestic dynamisms. It is not merely a phenomenon of post Independence or post liberalization period. Present study is an effort to examine the growth of FDI inflows to India and some selected representative countries of the developing Asia, through the computation of compound annual growth rates by fitting an exponential function estimated by ordinary least square method. It is detected that during the last three decades, the growth of FDI inflows remained highest in case of India followed by UAE, Turkey and China. What will happen in future is the function of what happened in the past. Believing this, the study has generated the forecasts of FDI inflows to the representative countries of Asia for the period 2009 to 2020, by using Double Exponential Smoothing Model. The adequacy of the model is tested by computing autocorrelation coefficients and Ljung-Box Q statistics. The study revealed that in the ensuing decade, out of all the countries of developing Asia, Saudi Arabia is expected to grow at the fastest pace as far as FDI inflows are concerned. In near future, although the magnitude of FDI inflows may remain highest in case of China but India is expected to leap forward swiftly and attract more than one seventh share of aggregate anticipated inflows to the developing Asia.
[Acute effects of postactivation potentiation on strength and speed performance in athletes].

BACKGROUND The contractile history of a muscle or a muscle group can result in an acute enhancement of subsequent muscle force output. This phenomenon is referred to as postactivation potentiation (PAP) and it was frequently substantiated in original research manuscripts, systematic literature reviews, and meta-analyses. However, there is a lack in the literature regarding precise dose-response relations. This literature review describes the main determinants of PAP effects and additionally presents the state of the art regarding the acute effects of PAP protocols on measures of strength, power, and speed in subelite and elite athletes of different sport disciplines. Furthermore, an attempt is made to demonstrate evidence-based information concerning the design of effective PAP protocols. METHODS Our literature search included the electronic databases Pubmed, SportDiscus, and Google Scholar (1995-March 2013). In total, 23 studies met the inclusionary criteria for review. RESULTS Findings from our literature review indicate that various conditioning activities produce acute PAP effects in subelite and particularly elite athletes. More specifically, conditioning activities that are characterised by multiple sets, moderate to high intensities (60-84 % of the one repetition maximum), and rest intervals of 7-10 min. following the conditioning activity have the potential to induce short-term improvements in muscle force output and sports performance. CONCLUSION It is recommended that subelite and particularly elite athletes from strength, power, and speed disciplines apply specifically tailored conditioning activities during the acute preparation process for competition to induce performance enhancing PAP effects.
Contemporary undergraduate implant dentistry education: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION Consensus reports recommend that students upon graduation should possess a significant level of knowledge and competence in implant dentistry, including basic competences in diagnostics, treatment planning, restorative, straightforward surgical and maintenance procedures. In response, undergraduate curricula need to integrate implant dentistry. This narrative review explores educational programmes in terms of competences, related research and barriers or reflections, regarding implementation in undergraduate curricula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Publications (2008-2013) were searched systematically in WoS, PubMed and ERIC and screened independently by two authors in four stages: removal of duplicates, title screening, abstract screening and full-text reading. Inclusion criteria encompassed implant dentistry in undergraduate education. RESULTS Finally, 37 of 420 papers were included. Detailed information regarding programme content, number of participants, staff input, logistics/funding issues is scattered. Theoretical education is predominant, and pre-clinical/clinical training is offered minimally, often carried out in elective programmes. However, selected straightforward cases treated by undergraduates yield positive outcomes with low failure rates, few complications, high patient satisfaction and student appreciation. Barriers to implementing implant dentistry in the undergraduate curriculum include funding issues, limitations in time or staff availability/competence and lack of suitable patients. Overcoming these barriers is worthwhile as experience-based implant education affects future practice as well-informed students propose more restorative alternatives to their patients. CONCLUSION Although implant dentistry is increasingly integrated in undergraduate curricula, challenges remain in developing strategies to implement existing competence profiles and the extent of experience-based education. To support further advancement, universities should report comprehensively on their implant programmes to allow comparison and reproduction in other environments.
Detection of Atrial Fibrillation After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Purpose— Atrial fibrillation (AF) confers a high risk of recurrent stroke, although detection methods and definitions of paroxysmal AF during screening vary. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the frequency of newly detected AF using noninvasive or invasive cardiac monitoring after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Methods— Prospective observational studies or randomized controlled trials of patients with ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or both, who underwent any cardiac monitoring for a minimum of 12 hours, were included after electronic searches of multiple databases. The primary outcome was detection of any new AF during the monitoring period. We prespecified subgroup analysis of selected (prescreened or cryptogenic) versus unselected patients and according to duration of monitoring. Results— A total of 32 studies were analyzed. The overall detection rate of any AF was 11.5% (95% confidence interval, 8.9%–14.3%), although the timing, duration, method of monitoring, and reporting of diagnostic criteria used for paroxysmal AF varied. Detection rates were higher in selected (13.4%; 95% confidence interval, 9.0%–18.4%) than in unselected patients (6.2%; 95% confidence interval, 4.4%–8.3%). There was substantial heterogeneity even within specified subgroups. Conclusions— Detection of AF was highly variable, and the review was limited by small sample sizes and marked heterogeneity. Further studies are required to inform patient selection, optimal timing, methods, and duration of monitoring for detection of AF/paroxysmal AF.
Compressed sensing and dimensionality reduction for unsupervised learning. (Échantillonnage compressé et réduction de dimension pour l'apprentissage non supervisé)

This thesis is motivated by the perspective of connecting compressed sensing and machine learning, and more particularly by the exploitation of compressed sensing techniques to reduce the cost of learning tasks. After a reminder of compressed sensing and a quick description of data analysis techniques in which similar ideas are exploited, we propose a framework for estimating probability density mixture parameters in which the training data is compressed into a fixed-size representation. We instantiate this framework on an isotropic Gaussian mixture model. This proof of concept suggests the existence of theoretical guarantees for reconstructing signals belonging to models beyond usual sparse models. We therefore study generalizations of stability results for linear inverse problems for very general models of signals. We propose conditions under which reconstruction guarantees can be given in a general framework. Finally, we consider an approximate nearest neighbor search problem exploiting signatures of the database vectors in order to save resources during the search step. In the case where the considered distance derives from a Mercer kernel, we propose to combine an explicit embedding of data followed by a signature computation step, which principally leads to a more accurate approximate search.
Critical behavior in the relaminarization of localized turbulence in pipe flow.

The statistics of the relaminarization of localized turbulence in a pipe are examined by direct numerical simulation. As in recent experimental data [J. Peixinho and T. Mullin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 094501 (2006)10.1103/PhysRevLett.96. 094501], the half-life for the decaying turbulence is consistent with the scaling (Rec-Re) -1, indicating a boundary crisis of the localized turbulent state familiar in low-dimensional dynamical systems. The crisis Reynolds number is estimated as Rec=1870, a value within 7% of the experimental value 1750. We argue that the frequently asked question, of which initial disturbances at a given Re trigger sustained turbulence in a pipe, is really two separate questions: the "local phase space" question (local to the laminar state) of what threshold disturbance at a given Re is needed to initially trigger turbulence, followed by the "global phase space" question of whether Re exceeds Rec at which point the turbulent state becomes an attractor.
Effects of liposome-encapsulated clodronate on chlorhexidine gluconate-induced peritoneal fibrosis in rats.

BACKGROUND Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) causes morphologic and functional changes in the peritoneum that hamper the continuation of PD therapy. Because macrophages play important roles in the development of peritoneal fibrosis and liposome-encapsulated clodronate (LC) induces macrophage apoptosis, we examined the effect of LC on chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced peritoneal fibrosis in rats. METHODS Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five groups of 10 receiving intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections (1.5 mL/100 g) of either 0.1% CG (four groups) or vehicle (one group) three times a week. Three of the CG-treated groups also received intravenous injections of clodronate twice a week: 10 mg of LC, 20 mg of LC or 20 mg of unencapsulated clodronate (UC20). Twenty-one days after the first i.p. injection, the rats were sacrificed and the parietal peritoneum was harvested. RESULTS The number of peritoneal macrophages in the rats given clodronate was significantly smaller than that in rats not given clodronate (92.0 ± 4.6 cells per field). It was 54.1 ± 3.2 cells per field in the group given 20 mg UC, 43.2 ± 5.2 cells per field in the group given 10 mg LC and 27.2 ± 2.8 cells per field in the group given 20 mg LC. This decrease in macrophage number was paralleled by decreases in peritoneal thickening, in the number of mesothelial cells staining positive for cytokeratin and α-smooth muscle actin and in messenger RNA expression for transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen types I and III. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that macrophages play a critical role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis and that LC may be useful for treating peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.
A consideration of virus-host relationship in virus-induced neoplasia at the cellular level.

will be examined against a double background: on the one hand, that of cells infected by animal viruses in general; on the other hand, that of lysogenic bacterial cells. The latter background appears to be useful, since lysogeny is an exten sively studied and fairly well understood process which has been, and still is, widely used as a model for the study of virus-cell interaction in neoplastic cells. On the basis of the results obtained, the impli cations and significance of the virus theory of cancer will be briefly analyzed. Such an analysis seems useful at the present moment, when re search in the field of neoplasia-producing viruses is flourishing, and therefore hypotheses may have considerable influence.
Energetics of best performances in track cycling.

VO2max and best performance times (BPTs) obtained during maximal voluntary trials over 1, 2, 5, and 10 km from a stationary start were assessed in 10 elite cyclists. Steady-state VO2 and peak blood lactate concentration ([La]b) were also determined in the same subjects pedaling on a track at constant submaximal speeds. The energy cost of cycling (Cc, J.m-1) was calculated as the ratio of VO2, corrected for glycolytic energy production and expressed in W, to v (m.s-1). Individual relationships between Cc and v were described by: Cc = Ccrr + k1 v2 where Ccrr is the energy spent against friction and k1 v2 is that spent against drag. Overall energy cost of cycling (Cctot) was obtained, adding to Cc the energy spent to accelerate the total moving mass from a stationary start. Individual theoretical BPTs were then calculated and compared with the actual ones as follows. The maximal metabolic power sustained at a constant level by a given subject (Emax, W) is a known function of the exhaustion time (te). It depends on his VO2max and maximal anaerobic capacity; it was obtained from individual VO2max and [La]b values. The metabolic power (Ec, W) necessary to cover any given distance (d) is a known function of the performance time over d (td); it is given by Ec = Cctot v = Cctot d td. For all subjects and distances, the t values solving the equalities Emax F(te) = Ec F(td) were calculated and assumed to yield theoretical BPTs. Calculations showed a fairly good agreement between actual and calculated BPTs with an average ratio of 1.035 +/- 0.058.