Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical analysis, cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of the aerial parts of Sorghum halepense

Phytochemical screening, cytotoxic activity, total phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of the Sorghum halepense methanolic extract and its different fractions were evaluated. Methanolic extract and its various fractions revealed the presence of reducing sugars, tannins, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids in the methanolic extract where they were absent in n-hexane fraction except flavonoids. Gums and saponins were absent in all the samples. Methanolic extract indicated the highest cytotoxic (80.7 ± 1.3%) and anti-diabetic (62.5%) activities. The maximum total phenolic contents (28.7 ± 1.4 mg/mL) were found in the chloroform fraction. An aqueous fraction expressed the highest antioxidant activity 74.1 and 97.1% free radical scavenging properties in DPPH and ABTS assays respectively whereas, in the case of H2O2, methanolic extract indicated maximum (36.9%) activity. In conclusion, the extract of aerial parts of S. halepense is a source of compounds against cancer, diabetic and free radical associated disorders.
Adoretosoma atritarse dalatmontis subsp. Nova (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)

Adoretosoma atritarse dalatmontis ssp. n. is described from Dalat Highlands of Central Vietnam, basing on the structure of the male parameres. Together with A. chinense atritarse (Fairm.) and A. c. erubescens Machatschke it belongs to A. atritarse stat. nov. separated herein from A. chinense (Redt.). The newly described subspecies is more similar to the Assamese-Tibetan subspecies A. a. erubescens than to the geographically closer Chinese-Vietnamese A. a. atritarse.
The Effect of a large-scale Liquidity Injection on Aggregate Employment in Spain

x Abstract We measure the impact of removing liquidity constraints on aggregate employ- ment by focusing on a sudden and unexpected large liquidity injection to Spanish rms in early 2012, when the Spanish central government paid all invoices of rms to regional and municipal governments that were in arrears. We identify the ef- fect on employment from the cross-sectional variation in the size of the liquidity injection received by Spanish municipalities. Our preliminary ndings indicate
Elevated electron temperatures around twin sporadic E layers at low latitude: Observations and the case for a plausible link to currents parallel to the geomagnetic field

We present data from nighttime sounding rocket flights in the low latitude E region. The payloads carried a sweeping Langmuir probe, a plasma impedance probe, and electric field probes. A detailed examination of the plasma density, temperature, and electric field measurements show two strong sporadic E (Es) layers with very high electron temperatures (∼1000 K) on each side of the upper layer. The lower layer was consistent with the presence of a strong zonal neutral wind shear. The upper layer was strongly influenced by the presence of a strongly negative vertical electric field, with zonal winds and their shears also contributing. A strong downward motion of the plasma from the combined action of the downward electric field and negative zonal wind advected the upper layer far below the region of maximum growth. We have attributed the more puzzling high electron temperatures to frictional heating from parallel currents and shown that the F region nighttime dynamo could easily generate the necessary parallel current densities (1 μA m−2) near the electron density troughs. The electron temperature was also elevated in the Es layers themselves, implying parallel current densities of the order of 15 μA m−2 around the Es peaks. Those parallel currents were attributed to strong Hall current divergences driven by the zonal electric field around the Es peaks.
Suspended sediment concentration-discharge relationships in the (sub-) humid Ethiopian highlands

Loss of top soil and subsequent filling up of reser- voirs in much of the lands with variable relief in develop- ing countries degrades environmental resources necessary for subsistence. In the Ethiopia highlands, sediment mobi- lization from rain-fed agricultural fields is one of the lead- ing factors causing land degradation. Sediment rating curves, produced from long-term sediment concentration and dis- charge data, attempt to predict suspended sediment concen- tration variations, which exhibit a distinct shift with the pro- gression of the rainy season. In this paper, we calculate sed- iment rating curves and examine this shift in concentration for three watersheds in which rain-fed agriculture is prac- ticed to differing extents. High sediment concentrations with low flows are found at the beginning of the rainy season of the semi-monsoonal climate, while high flows and low sed- iment concentrations occur at the end of the rainy season. Results show that a reasonably unique set of rating curves were obtained by separating biweekly data into early, mid, and late rainfall periods and by making adjustments for the ratio of plowed cropland. The shift from high to low con- centrations suggests that diminishing sediment supply and dilution from greater base flow during the end of the rain- fall period play important roles in characterizing changing sediment concentrations during the rainy season.
Variability in at-sea foraging behaviour of little penguins Eudyptula minor in response to finescale environmental features

A long-standing question in ecology is how predators interact with their environment when locating patchily distributed prey. There is some evidence to suggest that marine predators use environmental features as foraging cues at meso-scales (100-1000 km); however, the role of environmental structure at finer scales (1-100 km) is less well understood. To investigate how marine predators respond to fine-scale environmental variability, the movement patterns of 29 GPS-tagged little penguins Eudyptula minor from 3 colonies in the highly variable Storm Bay ecosystem in south-eastern Tasmania, Australia, were analysed using hidden Markov behavioural state modelling alongside high-resolution environmental data. Variability in at-sea behavioural states was observed between colonies correlating with differences in fine-scale environmental parameters. There were significant differences in trip metrics and time spent in each of the identified behavioural states between each of the study colonies. Additionally, transitions between behavioural states were associated with different environmental parameters at each site. This variability in foraging behaviour for conspecifics at similar temporal scales illustrates the significance of fine-scale environmental variability in determining at-sea predator behaviour and highlights how even subtle differences in fine-scale environmental parameters can lead to alternative foraging strategies. This flexibility suggests a capacity to behaviourally adapt to variable and changing environmental conditions, a necessary condition for persistence in a changing world.
Culture and fruit quality of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in the Soconusco region, Chiapas, Mexico

Introduction . In Mexico, the rambutan is not a well-known fruit tree, but it has great potential for its establishment and development in the Soconusco region because of the local good agro-ecological conditions for the production of its fruit. Currently, there are already 200 ha of plantations in the region with a good adaptation and a rewarding yield. Rambutan history, cultivation practices, post-harvest operation and commercialisation in the Soconusco region were studied to identify the possibilities of an expansion of the species. In particular, the work aimed at identifying different varieties inside the rambutan orchards. Materials and methods . Four areas were studied from a survey in 14 farms. Different parameters of fruit quality were analysed (ten trees sampled per farm): fruit diameter, fruit length, rind colour, spintern appearance, aril diameter, aril length, aril weight, flesh colour, flavour, succulence, adherence of flesh, and presence of pests and diseases. Results . Fruit quality was dissimilar for the four studied areas. Among the different fruit samples collected, it appeared that the environment and cultivation management play an important role in fruit size. The diversity of varieties planted in the different sites was determined by clustering analyses. Independent of their site of origin, at least six well-defined cluster classes could be identified. Conclusion . Fruit weight, spintern appearance and colour, as well as fruit diameter and aril to fruit weight appeared to be good indicators to identify fruit quality. The clustering analyses showed that there is a wide range of overlapping varieties to be found in the Soconusco region. Six major varietal groups were identified. Further varietal differentiation and characterisation of rambutan in the Soconusco region will be necessary for a better establishment of this fruit tree crop.
Modulation of Polyamines during Grain Development under Different Concentrations of Nitrogen in Wheat

The polyamine (PAs), putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) are small aliphatic amines that ubiquitous in all living organisms. PA metabolism in higher plants is involved in both biotic and abiotic stress responses, and also influenced by nutrient deficiency. Accumulated evidence suggests that in plants the cellular titers of PAs are affected by various nitrogenous compounds. Therefore, the present study analyzed the effects of different nitrogen levels viz. recommended doses of nitrogen (RDN, 120 kg N/ha), sub-optimal N dose (RDN –25%, 90 kg N/ha) and supra-optimal N dose (RDN +25%, 150 kg N/ha) on PA metabolism in grains of six wheat genotypes at 15 days post anthesis (DPA) and 30 DPA. The activities of polyamine synthesizing enzymes (arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase), catabolizing (diamine oxidase, polyamine oxidase) and the PA content were increased at supra-optimal nitrogen dose as compared to RDN. Whereas at sub-optimal nitrogen dose, higher activity of polyamine catabolizing enzymes results in speeding up oxidation of various PAs to cope up with nitrogen deficiency in plant. In relation to PA content, Put was found to be higher at early stage whereas Spd and Spm were found to be higher towards mature stages of grain indicating the use of Put in grain filling process. Highly significant correlation was observed between PA metabolism, yield and nitrogen use efficiency at sub-optimal N dose as compared to supra-optimal dose.
Magnetic Helicity Reversal in the Corona at Small Plasma Beta

Solar and stellar dynamos shed small-scale and large-scale magnetic helicity of opposite signs. However, solar wind observations and simulations have shown that some distance above the dynamo both the small-scale and large-scale magnetic helicities have reversed signs. With realistic simulations of the solar corona above an active region now being available, we have access to the magnetic field and current density along coronal loops. We show that a sign reversal in the horizontal averages of the magnetic helicity occurs when the local maximum of the plasma beta drops below unity and the field becomes nearly fully force free. Hence, this reversal is expected to occur well within the solar corona and would not directly be accessible to in situ measurements with the Parker Solar Probe or SolarOrbiter. We also show that the reversal is associated with subtle changes in the relative dominance of structures with positive and negative magnetic helicity.
Framework for the Social Marketing of Clinical Preventive Services in Nigeria

Non-communicable diseases are now very prevalent in Nigeria, but the uptake of clinical preventive services (CPS) that have been shown to be very effective in their control has been very poor, even among those that greatly need the services. There is therefore the need to make extra effort to improve the uptake. We therefore propose a framework for the social marketing of CPS, to help increase the uptake of the services in Nigeria. The framework was created with data collected from libraries, electronic databases, and personal communications, which were used to gain an in-depth understanding of the clients; and to create a “marketing mix” of product, price, promotion, and place, for the social marketing project. The CPS was consequently packaged and branded as a single product, to be delivered in one service point, to make for easier access to clients; to be offered at subsidized price, to ensure its affordability to most Nigerians; to be promoted with messages that emphasize the immediate benefits of the services, even as the long term goal is a long and healthy life; and designed to be provided as close as possible to where people live and work, not only in health facilities, but also in community events and facilities. We believe that the use of this framework for the social marketing of CPS would result in a significant uptake of the services in Nigeria.
The history and characteristics of the 1980-2005 Portuguese rural fire database

Abstract. We focus here on a mainland Continental Portuguese Rural Fire Database (PRFD) that includes 450 000 fires, the largest such database in Europe in terms of total number of recorded fires in the 1980–2005 period. In this work, we (a) list the most important factors for triggering and controlling the fire regime in mainland Continental Portugal, (b) describe the dataset's production, (c) discuss procedures adopted to identify and correct different fire data inconsistencies, creating a modified PRFD which we use here and make available as Supplement, (d) explore some basic temporal and completeness properties of the data. We find that the dataset's minimum measured burnt areas have changed with time between AF = 0.1 ha (1980–1990), AF = 0.01 ha (1991–1992), and AF = 0.001 ha (1992–2005), with varying degrees of completeness down to these values. These changes in minimum area measured are responsible for greater numbers of fires being recorded. A relatively small number of large fires in the PRFD are responsible for the majority of the burnt area. For example, fires with AF > 100 ha represent about 1% of all fire records but 75% of total burnt area. Finally, we consider for each Continental Portugal district and for the 26-yr period, the total number of rural fires and area burnt in forests and shrublands, each normalized by district areas. We find that the highest numbers of fires per unit area are in highly populated districts, and that the largest fraction of burnt area is in forested areas, coinciding with large parcels of continuous forests (predominantly rural and moderately urban areas).
Visuospatial attentional functioning in amateur boxers

Open-skill sports, such as boxing, are performed in constantly changing environments. Athletes must be able to move in a variety of ways and adapt to rapidly changing situations. Boxing requires sustained attention (vigilance) because athletes must perform while in motion at near viewing distance from which most of the visual information is received [1]. The attention adopted during the execution of a skilled motor action can have a profound effect on performance outcomes. Experimental data showed that optimal level of attention increases the perceptual sensitivity for the discrimination of target stimuli [2], reduces information processing time [3], and improves decision‐making processes in sport‐specific targets [4,5]. It has been speculated that one of the key factor affected the effectiveness of attention processes in sport is an expertise gained from participating in systematic exercise demanding a high level of visual attention during fast motor responses to external stimuli. Studies of perceptual-cognitive expertise in sports, using sport-specific as well as laboratory methods, demonstrated that expert athletes, in comparison with nonathletes and novice, make more use of available information, encode, and retrieve relevant information more efficiently, visually detects and locate objects and patterns in the visual field faster and more accurately, use situational probability information better, make more rapid and appropriate decisions, and perform better on measures of processing speed and a category of varied attentional paradigms [6,7,8]. It is possible that the attentional skills adopted during the execution of an athlete’s motor action in boxing training can be transferred to other behaviors outside of sport. On the other side, it is known that boxing is associated with a risk of chronic neurological injury. Studies indicated that participation in this sport may cause clinical sequelae of chronic traumatic encephalopathy [9], neuropathologic injury [10] as well as cognitive impairment such as attention, concentration and memory [11]. However, in amateur boxing, the exposure to repeated head impact is less than that seen in professional boxing, especially because of the shorter duration of the bouts and the use of protective headgear [12]. For example, Breton et al. [13] investigated amateur boxers' attention and orienting mechanisms by using event-related brain potential recordings, before and after a fight. This study did not reveal any abnormalities of attention or detection processes. Khani et al. [14] analyzed several variables of attention (e.g. accuracy, impulsivity and behavioral disinhibition, inattention, speed of information process) in amateur boxers, novice amateur boxers and runners. The authors also did not
Constraining the age of Lateglacial and early Holocene pollen zones and tephra horizons in southern Sweden with Bayesian probability methods

The sediment sequence from Hässeldala port in southeastern Sweden provides a unique Lateglacial/early Holocene record that contains five different tephra layers. Three of these have been geochemically identified as the Borrobol Tephra, the Hässeldalen Tephra and the 10‐ka Askja Tephra. Twenty‐eight high‐resolution 14C measurements have been obtained and three different age models based on Bayesian statistics are employed to provide age estimates for the five different tephra layers. The chrono‐ and pollen stratigraphic framework supports the stratigraphic position of the Borrobol Tephra as found in Sweden at the very end of the Older Dryas pollen zone and provides the first age estimates for the Askja and Hässeldalen tephras. Our results, however, highlight the limitations that arise in attempting to establish a robust, chronologically independent lacustrine sequence that can be correlated in great detail to ice core or marine records. Radiocarbon samples are prone to error and sedimentation rates in lake basins may vary considerably due to a number of factors. Any type of valid and ‘realistic’ age model, therefore, has to take these limitations into account and needs to include this information in its prior assumptions. As a result, the age ranges for the specific horizons at Hässeldala port are large and calendar year estimates differ according to the assumptions of the age‐model. Not only do these results provide a cautionary note for over‐dependence on one age‐model for the derivation of age estimates for specific horizons, but they also demonstrate that precise correlations to other palaeoarchives to detect leads or lags is problematic. Given the uncertainties associated with establishing age–depth models for sedimentary sequences spanning the Lateglacial period, however, this exercise employing Bayesian probability methods represents the best possible approach and provides the most statistically significant age estimates for the pollen zone boundaries and tephra horizons. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How product quality, brand image, and customer satisfaction affect the purchase decisions of Indonesian automotive customers

This research aims to examine product quality and brand image mediated by customer satisfaction that affect the purchase decisions of Indonesian automotive customers. The method of data collection is using primary data from 200 respondents, who are automotive customers, through questionnaires, direct observation of the object under study and literature review. The method of analysis is using quantitative data with the path analysis method using SPSS 23 to test the level of significance of product quality and brand image to the purchase decisions, mediated by customer satisfaction, of Indonesian automotive customers. Overall, the results showed that product quality and brand image have an effect on customer satisfaction. Product quality and brand image have a direct influence on the purchase decision process. Additionally, product quality and brand image have an effect on the purchase decisions, mediated by customer satisfaction, of Indonesian automotive customers. The practical implications are that the automotive industry should manage its brand image as the most important factor influencing purchasing decisions. Mediated by customer satisfaction, brand image also is the greatest factor influencing the purchase decision. The other managerial implication is that the automotive industry should manage product quality and communicate that aspect to customers.
The Gulf Stream Extension Region: Its dynamics and interaction with the atmosphere

The Gulf Stream Extension Region is a key region for meridional heat transport of the Earth system. Its importance for the climate and for seasonal prediction has been increasingly recognized in recent years. However, the dynamics of the ocean in this region are not understood sufficiently. There are basically three mechanisms to explain the observed increase of barotropic transport and the formation of recirculation gyres in the Gulf Stream Extension Region: (i) advection of potential vorticity, (ii) Joint Effect of Baroclinicity and Relief and (iii) eddy momentum flux, of which the latter is investigated in the present work. 16 years of satellite derived surface velocities of weekly resolution are used to compute the eddy momentum flux and its seasonal and NAO related variability. These fluxes were used to drive a diagnostic linear shallow water model to estimate the mean barotropic transport and its variability associated with turbulent momentum flux. The results show that eddy momentum flux is able to drive significant transport in the Gulf Stream Extension Region, enough to explain its observed increase. The barotropic transport streamfunction exhibits northern and southern recirculation gyres between the separation point at Cape Hatteras and the Newfoundland Ridge and also resemble mesoscale circulation features like the Mann eddy. The seasonal transport variability is shown to be large upstream of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland with the strongest signal where the Gulf Stream crosses the New England Seamounts at about 62°W. The NAO appears to significantly affect the strength of the northern and southern recirculation gyres during the winter season leading to an increased mean transport in winters with a positive NAO index.
Steady MHD Natural Convection Flow with Variable Electrical Conductivity and Heat Generation along an Isothermal Vertical Plate

Aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of temperature dependent electrical conductivity on steady natural convection flow of a viscous incompressible low Prandtl (Pr << 1) electrically conducting fluid along an isothermal vertical non-conducting plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field and exponentially decaying heat generation. The governing equations of continuity, momentum and energy are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The resulting coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved using Runge-Kutta fourth order method alongwith shooting technique. The velocity and temperature distributions are discussed numerically and presented through graphs. The numerical values of skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number at the plate are derived, discussed numerically for various values of physical parameters and presented through Tables.