Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The GH/IGF-I axis in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) pouch young.

Plasma and pituitary GH concentrations and liver GH receptor (GHR), IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) mRNA expression were determined in brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) pouch young aged 12-150 days post-partum and in adults. Mean plasma GH concentrations were highest, measuring around 150 ng/ml, from 12 to 100 days post-partum, and thereafter declined so that by 150 days post-partum levels were not significantly different from those in adults (10.8+/-1.8 ng/ml (S.E.M.)). In contrast to plasma levels, pituitary GH content increased markedly throughout pouch life, with an 87-fold increase between 12 and 150 days post-partum. However, when expressed per gram body weight, pituitary content was relatively constant between 25 and 150 days post-partum, indicating that the decline in plasma GH after 100 days post-partum was not due to decreased synthesis and/or storage of GH in the pituitary gland. Expression of GHR, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 mRNAs was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Liver GHR and IGF-I mRNA expression were low at 12 and 25 days post-partum and did not show sustained and significant increases (P<0.05) until 125 and 150 days post-partum. IGFBP-3 expression was also low at 12 days post-partum but then increased rapidly to a maximum at 50 days post-partum and thereafter declined. For all three mRNAs, liver expression at day 150 was not significantly different from that in adults. These patterns of gene expression for GHR and IGF-I suggest that the possum liver is resistant to the high plasma GH concentrations during early pouch life and in this way is similar to the fetal liver of some eutherian mammals.
Luminescence ratiometric oxygen imaging (LROI) in microvascular anastomosed fibular and radial forearm flaps.

BACKGROUND In a preliminary trial, we were able to show first promising results in the analysis of perioperative and postoperative perfusion of free flaps by means of a new monitoring system for detecting thrombotic vessel occlusion before clinical signs become evident. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether flap monitoring by measuring perfusion-dependent parameters differs between radial forearm and fibular free flaps and whether a threshold value requiring anastomosis revision could be determined. METHODS 37 radial forearm flaps (RF) and 15 fibular flaps (FF) were harvested and transplanted. Perfusion was determined by measuring a fluorescent oxygen sensor foil covering a flap's skin surface with a handheld fluorescence microscope. The sensor contained an oxygen reservoir, which was consumed by the tissue corresponding to the perfusion status of the flap. Measurements were done before explantation, after successful anastomosis and one day after surgery. RESULTS We found a significant difference (p < 0.005) in the relative transdermal oxygen consumption (RTOC) between clinically well-perfused grafts (RF: mean: 0.13 ± 0.08; FF: mean: 0.15 ± 0.07) and clinically poorly perfused grafts (RF: mean: 0.40 ± 0.09; FF: mean: 0.55 ± 0.28). A threshold RTOC value of 0.3 for differentiating between well-perfused and poorly perfused flaps was confirmed for both RF and FF.
International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications Broadcasting four types of reports to read only transactions in mobile computing environments

Purpose – Recently the advances in wireless communication technology and the popularity of portable computers have rendered mobile computing environments from which mobile users with battery-operated palmtops can access the information via wireless channels, without space and time restriction. In mobile computing environments, mobile users cache the data items to use the bandwidth efficiently and improve the response time of mobile transactions. If the data items cached in mobile users are updated at the server, the server broadcasts an invalidation report for maintaining the cache consistency of mobile users. However, this method has an obstacle that does not guarantee the serializable execution of mobile transactions. The purpose of this paper is to propose the four types of reports for mobile transaction (FTR-MT) method for ensuring the serializable execution of mobile transactions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes the FTR-MT method, which is composed of four types of algorithms, e.g. group report composition algorithm, immediate commit decision algorithm, cache consistency algorithm, and disconnection cache consistency algorithm. FTR-MT method for improving the response time of mobile transactions makes a commit decision by using the four types of reports. Findings – With the FTR-MT method, mobile users can make a commit decision by using the four types of reports. The response time of mobile transactions can be reduced. Furthermore, the FTR-MT method can improve the cache efficiency in the case that the disconnection of mobile users is longer than the broadcast interval of the window report. Originality/value – This paper proposes a new method for guaranteeing the serializable execution of mobile transactions, called FTR-MT, using four types of reports. Also, it can prevent the entire cache dropping, even though the disconnection of a mobile host is longer than the broadcast interval of a window report. Through the analytical model, this method is felt to be superior to other methods, in terms of the average response time and the commit rate of mobile transactions, and bandwidth usage.
Changes in the mucopolysaccharide composition of bovine heart valves with age.

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PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood

PAML, currently in version 1.2, is a package of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA and protein sequences using the method of maximum likelihood (ML). The programs can be used for (i) maximum likelihood estimation of evolutionary parameters such as branch lengths in a phylogenetic tree, the transition/transversion rate ratio, the shape parameter of the gamma distribution for variable evolutionary rates at sites, and rate parameters for different genes; (ii) likelihood ratio test of hypotheses concerning sequence evolution, such as rate constancy and independence among sites and rate constancy among lineages (the molecular clock); (iii) calculation of substitution rates at sites and reconstruction of ancestral nucleotide or amino acid sequences; and (iv) phylogenetic tree reconstruction by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The strength of PAML, in comparison with other phylogenetic packages currently available, is its implementation of a variety of evolutionary models. These include several models of variable evolutionary rates among sites, models for combined analyses of multiple gene sequence data and models for amino acid sequences. Multifurcating trees are supported, as well as trees in which some sequences are ancestral to some others. A heuristic tree search algorithm (star decomposition) is used in the package, but tree making is not a strong point of the current version, although work is under way to implement efficient search algorithms. Major programs in the package, as well as the types of analyses they perform, are listed in Table 1. More details are available in the documentation included in the package, written using Microsoft Word. PAML is distributed free of charge for academic use only. The package, including ANSI C source codes, documentation, example data sets, and control files, can be obtained by anonymous ftp at mw511.biol.berkeley.edu/pub, or from the Indiana molecular biology ftp site at ftp.bio. indiana.edu under the directory Incoming or molbio/evolve . MAC and PowerMac executables are also available, although DOS executables are not prepared yet. Further information about the package is available from the World Wide Web at
Las reformas electorales a nivel federal en México

La democracia esta conformada por un pacto sobre las reglas del juego acerca de los mecanismos que determinan el concurso de los ciudadanos en la eleccion de los gobernantes. En el papel no debe de limitarse a esto, sino, al contrario, debe posibilitar la aplicacion de las garantias frente a la ley; remitir a la legalidad positiva y vigente, a espacios publicos de accion colectiva, a posibilidades del ejercicio de los derechos politicos; implicar soberania, Estado de derecho, vigencia de libertades, garantias individuales, circulacion de ideas e informacion, sufragio universal, pluripartidismo, relacion entre mayorias y minorias; posibilitar la articulacion entre representados y representantes. Tambien tiene que garantizar un sistema de procedimientos institucionales para el acceso y la transparencia al poder publico. La legitimidad del gobierno se sostiene en el consentimiento de los ciudadanos. El trabajo esta estructurado en siete apartados que en su conjunto comprenden el resultado final del ensayo. En el primer apartado, “La Ley Federal Electoral de 1946”, se enuncian los inicios de la institucionalizacion de los procesos electorales en Mexico. En el segundo apartado, “La Ley Federal de Organizaciones Politicas y Procesos Electorales (lfoppe)”, se destaca la experimentacion de reformas que pretenden frenar el monopolio partidista del pri. El tercer apartado se denomina “La Reforma Electoral de 1987”, que permitio el surgimiento del Codigo Federal Electoral que en ese momento fue resultado de las presiones de los partidos de oposicion. * Sociologo y profesor de la fes Acatlan, unam. Las reformas electorales a nivel federal en Mexico E
Anti‐VEGF‐A therapy reduces lymphatic vessel density and expression of VEGFR‐3 in an orthotopic breast tumor model

Because metastasis contributes significantly to cancer mortality, understanding its mechanisms is crucial to developing effective therapy. Metastasis is facilitated by lymphangiogenesis, the growth of new intratumoral or peritumoral lymphatic vessels from pre‐existing vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) is a well‐known angiogenic factor. Increasing evidence implicates VEGF‐A in lymphangiogenesis, although the mechanism of its pro‐lymphangiogenic effect is poorly understood. We examined the effect of the anti‐VEGF‐A neutralizing antibody 2C3 on tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in an orthotopic breast carcinoma model using MDA‐MB‐231 cells and its luciferase‐tagged derivative, 231‐Luc+ cells. Anti‐VEGF‐A antibody therapy reduced blood and lymphatic vessel densities by 70% and 80%, respectively, compared with the control antibody. Treatment with 2C3 antibody also decreased incidence of lymphatic and pulmonary metastases by 3.2‐ and 4.5‐fold, respectively. Macrophage infiltration was reduced in 2C3‐treated tumors by 32%, but VEGF‐C expression was unchanged. In contrast, neoplastic cells and blood vessels in tumors from 2C3‐treated mice expressed significantly less angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) than tumors from control mice. The reduction in Ang‐2 was associated with inhibition of VEGFR‐3 expression in intratumoral lymphatic endothelial cells. Both VEGF‐A and Ang‐2 upregulated the expression of VEGFR‐3 in cultured lymphatic endothelial cells. VEGF‐A induced proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells was reduced by 50% by soluble Tie‐2, suggesting that Ang‐2 is an intermediary of the pro‐lymphangiogenic VEGF‐A effect. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which anti‐VEGF‐A therapy may suppress tumor lymphangiogenesis and subsequent metastasis supporting the use of anti‐VEGF‐A therapy to control metastasis clinically. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Update on Vascular Dementia

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a major contributor to the dementia syndrome and is described as having problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, and memory caused by impaired blood flow to the brain and damage to the blood vessels resulting from events such as stroke. There are a variety of etiologies that contribute to the development of vascular cognitive impairment and VaD, and these are often associated with other dementia-related pathologies such as Alzheimer disease. The diagnosis of VaD is difficult due to the number and types of lesions and their locations in the brain. Factors that increase the risk of vascular diseases such as stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking also raise the risk of VaD. Therefore, controlling these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing VaD. This update describes the subtypes of VaD, with details of their complex presentation, associated pathological lesions, and issues with diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Identification of Stem Cells During Prepubertal Spermatogenesis via Monitoring of Nucleostemin Promoter Activity

The nucleostemin (NS) gene encodes a nucleolar protein found at high levels in several types of stem cells and tumor cell lines. The function of NS is unclear but it may play a critical role in S‐phase entry by stem/progenitor cells. Here we characterize NS expression in murine male germ cells. Although NS protein was highly expressed in the nucleoli of all primordial germ cells, only a limited number of gonocytes showed NS expression in neonatal testes. In adult testes, NS protein was expressed at high levels in the nucleoli of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes but at only low levels in round spermatids. To evaluate the properties of cells expressing high levels of NS, we generated transgenic reporter mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the NS promoter (NS‐GFP Tg mice). In adult NS‐GFP Tg testes, GFP and endogenous NS protein expression were correlated in spermatogonia and spermatocytes but GFP was also ectopically expressed in elongated spermatids and sperm. In testes of NS‐GFP Tg embryos, neonates, and 10‐day‐old pups, however, GFP expression closely coincided with endogenous NS expression in developing germ cells. In contrast to a previous report, our results support the existence in neonatal testes of spermatogonial stem cells with long‐term repopulating capacity. Furthermore, our data show that NS expression does not correlate with cell‐cycle status during prepuberty, and that strong NS expression is essential for the maintenance of germline stem cell proliferation capacity. We conclude that NS is a marker of undifferentiated status in the germ cell lineage during prepubertal spermatogenesis.
Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy: focus on bone density

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are the most important bone disorders affecting patients with HIV infection. The available data indicate that HIV-infected patients have a high prevalence of low bone mineral density. Reduced bone mass and alterations of bone metabolism have been found in HIV-infected children, adolescents and adults. The variety and complexity of changes in bone metabolism in patients with HIV infection and the different possible mechanisms triggering bone mineral loss, as well as the different stages of disease and cumulative exposure to antiretroviral drugs at the time of clinical evaluation, may contribute to the wide range of mineral loss observed and to the uncertainty of the role of specific antiretroviral medications.
French cardiovascular mortality did not increase during 1996 European football championship

EDITOR—Witte et al found a significant increase in mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in Dutch men aged ≥45 on the day that the Dutch team was eliminated by the French from the 1996 European football championship compared with the five days before and after the match (relative risk 1.51; 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 2.09). 1 We reassessed this hypothesis using corresponding French data. The match had an audience of 4.7 million television viewers in France (around 8% of the French population). We performed the same time series analysis as Witte et al on …
THE EFFECT OF DISTANCE FROM THE PARENTAL SITE ON OFFSPRING PERFORMANCE AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN IMPATIENS CAPENSIS: A TEST OF THE LOCAL ADAPTATION HYPOTHESIS

If microgeographic variation in selection within a natural plant population has resulted in local adaptation, then offspring fitness should decline with distance from the parental site. If outcrossed progeny are less well‐adapted to the parental environment than inbred progeny, but perform better in environments different from that of the parent, then the fitness of inbred progeny relative to outcrossed progeny should decrease with dispersal distance from the parent. To test these predictions, we collected seedlings at 10‐m intervals from a 40 times 40‐m permanent grid in a natural population of Impatiens capensis, grew them in a greenhouse, and crossed them to produce outcrossed chasmogamous seeds. Seedlings from outcrossed chasmogamous and self‐fertilized cleistogamous seeds were planted back into the source population in the original site of their maternal parents and in arcs 3 and 12 m from the parental location and censused weekly for survival and reproduction. The fitness of inbred offspring declined significantly and the magnitude of observed inbreeding depression increased with distance from the parental site, supporting the local adaptation hypothesis.
Predictors of caregiver unawareness and nontreatment of dementia among residents of assisted living facilities: the Maryland Assisted Living Study.

OBJECTIVE Assisted living (AL) is a rapidly expanding residential option for the senior population. With increased utilization, it becomes important to understand the detection and treatment of dementia in this setting, but little is known. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate factors associated with caregiver unawareness of dementia and failure to treat dementia in AL. METHODS The setting was a cross-sectional study of a random sample of AL facilities in central Maryland (The Maryland Assisted Living Study). Geriatric psychiatrists evaluated 198 participants and assigned dementia diagnoses to 134 residents (67.7%). The extent to which dementia was recognized and treated in these facilities was estimated on the basis of caregiver interview and chart review data. Using logistic regression models, demographic, cognitive, and functional measures were evaluated as predictors of caregiver unawareness and nontreatment of dementia. RESULTS Severity of cognitive and functional impairment, number of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and male gender were all independent predictors of caregiver unawareness of dementia. Family and caregiver unawareness of dementia and female gender were predictors of failure to treat dementia. Detection and treatment were not associated with race, age, or overall medical health. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers were more likely to be unaware of dementia in residents who did not have severe cognitive impairment or obvious behavioral and functional problems. Caregiver and family unawareness were in turn associated with nontreatment. Observed gender differences in detection and treatment will require replication and further study. These observations suggest that systematic educational interventions for caregivers and families may improve detection and hence treatment in the AL setting.
Personality Disorders

Course Description This session will provide an overview of the prominent personality disorders including borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, obsessive compulsive, and dependent. Participants will be introduced to the symptoms, etiology, and common co-­‐occurring issues that are experienced in clinical practice. Accurate assessment and evidenced-­‐based interventions will be presented in order to help clinicians in working effectively with people. DSM 5 criterion and assessment will be used. Assistant Clinical Professor currently teaching BSSW level practice courses and MSW courses in the clinical concentration. Shannon is a graduate of the Saint Louis University BSSW program and of the University of Denver MSW program. She has been in clinical practice with various populations and specializes in areas of substance use, co-­‐occurring disorders, and trauma. In these positions, she has had significant experience working with individuals and families in hospitals and community settings. Her doctorate is in Counseling and Family Therapy.
Mixed-methods approach to measuring user experience in online news interactions

When it comes to evaluating online information experiences, what metrics matter? We conducted a study in which 30 people browsed and selected content within an online news website. Data collected included psychometric scales (User Engagement, Cognitive Absorption, System Usability Scales), self‐reported interest in news content, and performance metrics (i.e., reading time, browsing time, total time, number of pages visited, and use of recommended links); a subset of the participants had their physiological responses recorded during the interaction (i.e., heart rate, electrodermal activity, electrocmytogram). Findings demonstrated the concurrent validity of the psychometric scales and interest ratings and revealed that increased time on tasks, number of pages visited, and use of recommended links were not necessarily indicative of greater self‐reported engagement, cognitive absorption, or perceived usability. Positive ratings of news content were associated with lower physiological activity. The implications of this research are twofold. First, we propose that user experience is a useful framework for studying online information interactions and will result in a broader conceptualization of information interaction and its evaluation. Second, we advocate a mixed‐methods approach to measurement that employs a suite of metrics capable of capturing the pragmatic (e.g., usability) and hedonic (e.g., fun, engagement) aspects of information interactions. We underscore the importance of using multiple measures in information research, because our results emphasize that performance and physiological data must be interpreted in the context of users' subjective experiences.