Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paramoeba pemaquidensis (Sarcomastigophora: Paramoebidae) infestation of the gills of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch reared in sea water.

Gill disease associated with Paramoeba pemaquidensis Page 1970 (Sarcomastigophora: Paramoebidae) infestations was observed in coho salmon Oncorhynchus lasutch reared in sea water Fish reared in net pens in Washington and in land-based tanks in California were affected. Approximately 25 O/ O mortality was observed in the net pens in 1985, and the disease recurred in 1986 and 1987. Amoeba infesting the gill surfaces elicited prominent epithelia1 hyperplasia. Typical of Paramoeba spp. , the parasite had a Feulgen positive parasome (Nebenkorper) adjacent to the nucleus and floatlng and transitional forms had digitiform pseudopodia. We have established cultures of the organism from coho gills; it grows rapidly on Malt-yeast extract sea water medium supplemented with Klebsiella bacteria. Ultrastructural characteristics and nuclear, parasome and overall size of the organism in study indicated it is most closely related to the free-living paramoeba P. pemaquidensis. The plasmalemma of the amoeba from coho gills has surface filaments. Measurements (in pm) of the amoeba under various conditions are as follows: transitional forms directly from gills 28 (24 to 30), locomotive forms from liquid culture 21 X 17 (15 to 35 X 11 to 25), and locomotive forms from agar culture 25 X 20 (15 to 38 X 15 to 25). Nuclei and parasomes from liquid cultures were 5 to 7 and 3 to 5 X 2 to 3, respectively. The disease was not induced by laboratory exposure of coho salmon to amoeba cultures, but the amoeba was consistently isolated from exposed fish and aquarium detritus for 4 wk after exposure. This suggests that the organism is an opportunistic pathogen which only proliferates on fish gills and causes disease under certain situations yet to be clearly defined. In vitro studies indicated that the optimal salinity for growth of the amoeba was between 15 and 20 ppt, while growth was greatly dminished below 10 ppt. This concurs with field observations where the amoeba was eradicated from fish held in sea water tanks following a reduction in salinity.
Modeling Crack Propagation in Polycrystalline Microstructure Using Variational Multiscale Method

Crack propagation in a polycrystalline microstructure is analyzed using a novel multiscale model. The model includes an explicit microstructural representation at critical regions (stress concentrators such as notches and cracks) and a reduced order model that statistically captures the microstructure at regions far away from stress concentrations. Crack propagation is modeled in these critical regions using the variational multiscale method. In this approach, a discontinuous displacement field is added to elements that exceed the critical values of normal or tangential tractions during loading. Compared to traditional cohesive zone modeling approaches, the method does not require the use of any special interface elements in the microstructure and thus can model arbitrary crack paths. The capability of the method in predicting both intergranular and transgranular failure modes in an elastoplastic polycrystal is demonstrated under tensile and three-point bending loads.
Effect of Organic Amendments on Availability of Different Chemical Fractions of Phosphorus

A laboratory experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of organic amendments applied through FYM @ 20 t ha -1 , vermicompost @ 20 t ha -1 , poultry manure @ 20 t ha -1 and paddy straw @ 20 t ha -1 respectively, on chemical fractions and availability of phosphorus. Soil treated with organic amendments incubated at room temperature and study of chemical fractions and availability of phosphorus at 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 40 and 60 days of incubation. All organic amendments application increased the Olsen's P in comparison to no application of organic amendments respectively. Availability of phosphorus increased in the order of paddy straws @ 20 t ha -1 < FYM @ 20 t ha -1 < vermicompost @ 20 t ha -1 < poultry manure @ 20 t ha -1 respectively. FYM @ 20 t ha -1 show significantly increased of saloid-P, Al-P and Fe-P but showed non-significantly increase in Ca-P. Poultry manure @ 20 t ha-1 significantly increased of all fractions of phosphorus. In general, the range of saloid-P, Al-P, Fe-P and Ca-P was observed 4.22-22.40, 8.45-32.43, 12.67-35.38 and 164.85-215.29 mg kg -1 respectively, while total P and available P in soil ranged from 351.38-423.21 mg kg -1 and 14.42-25.52 kg ha -1 respectively, in organically amended soil during the incubation period.
Growth and reproduction of the slug Deroceras laeve (Müller) (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) under controlled conditions

The marsh slug Deroceras laeve (Muller) (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) was recently introduced into the southeast of the Buenos Aires Province of Argentina, and has become one of the main pests of cropping systems under no-tillage management. The growth, survival, and reproduction of D. laeve were monitored at 12oC and 20oC to determine the most appropriate thermal conditions for its development. A sigmoid model {Y = A /[1 + e (B+Cx) ]} was used to describe the relationship between postembryonic development and temperature. At the beginning of development, the growth rate was lowest at 12oC but after the inflection point (2 1 /2 months) was lower at 20oC than at 12oC. The slugs showed a higher mean body weight at 12oC (936.2 mg ± SE 18.96) than at 20oC (409.4 mg ± SE 16.02). Significant differences were seen in the mean incubation period at the different temperatures, as well as in the hatching rate, the duration of the preoviposition and oviposition periods, the number of eggs per clutch, and longevity; no differences were seen, however, in terms of mean fecundity. The incubation period was 35.3 and 16.03 days and the hatching rate 89.2% and 66.4% at 12 and 20oC respectively. At 20oC, longevity was less than half (21.9 weeks) that recorded at 12oC (54.4 weeks). At both temperatures the net reproductive rate (R0) was similar, but at 12oC the population increased 400 times in 33.1 weeks (T), while at 20oC it increased 359 times in half that time (T = 16.5 weeks). These results show that, in the Buenos Aires Province, D. laeve produces two generations per year.
Quenching and morphological transformation in semi-analytic models and CANDELS

We examine the spheroid growth and star formation quenching experienced by galaxies from z 3 to the present by studying the evolution with redshift of the quiescent and spheroid-dominated fractions of galaxies from the CANDELS and GAMA surveys. We compare the observed fractions with predictions from a semi-analytic model which includes prescriptions for bulge growth and AGN feedback due to mergers and disk instabilities. We facilitate direct morphological comparison by converting our model bulge-to-total stellar mass ratios to Sersic indices. We then subdivide our population into the four quadrants of the sSFR-Sersic index plane and study the buildup of each of these subpopulations. We find that the fraction of star forming disks declines steadily, while the fraction of quiescent spheroids builds up over cosmic time. The fractions of star forming spheroids and quiescent disks are both non-negligible, and stay nearly constant over the period we have studied, at about 10% and 15-20% respectively. Our model is qualitatively successful at reproducing the evolution of the two “main” populations (star forming disk-dominated galaxies and quiescent spheroid-dominated galaxies), and approximately reproduces the relative fractions of all four types, but predicts a stronger decline in star forming spheroids, and increase in quiescent disks, than seen in the observations. A model with an additional channel for bulge growth via disk instabilities agrees better overall with the observations than a model in which bulges can grow only through mergers. We study evolutionary tracks of some individual galaxies as they experience morphological transformation and quenching, and examine the importance of dierent physical drivers of this transformation (major and minor mergers and disk instabilities). We find that complex histories with multiple transformative events are the norm.
Co-determination of capital structure and stock returns in banking industry using structural equation modeling

Article history: Received May 12, 2013 Received in revised format 25 June 2013 Accepted 27 June 2013 Available online July 1 2013 Capital structure plays essential role on financial strength of business units and there are literally many studies to confirm the relationship between capital structure and return growth. In this paper, we re-examine this relationship by investigating on 12 Iranian private banks using structural equation modelling over the period 2005-2011. The proposed study of this paper designs a questionnaire and distributes it among experts and analyse it use LISREL software package. The result indicates that there is a positive and meaningful relationship, when the level of significance is five percent between capital structure and stock return in private banking industry in Iran. The implementation of Pearson and Spearman correlation tests also validate the findings. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Microbial screening of fermented (yoghurt) milk samples sold in Makurdi metropolis and consumed in Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Samples of commercially produced yoghurt samples (fermented milk) and locally produced milk samples commonly called kindrimu in common use in Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria were microbiologically examined to certify their safety and quality for consumption. While E.coli was present in four of the samples A,B,D and E and Pneumococcus found only in sample D, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus and Salmonella typhimurium were not detected in any of the five samples A-E. In the locally prepared samples Staphylococcus was detected only in sample 3, while Klebsiella was not detected in samples 3 and 5. Salmonella was not detected in sample 2 just as and E.coli was not dectected in sample 3 alone. Pneumococcus was detected in all the samples suggesting that the commercial samples are safer than the local Kindrimu. Conclusion: Since these organisms like Salmonella, Staphylococuss aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated from both the commercially prepared and kindrimu yoghurts, there is need for proper handling of the production process to reduce contamination.
An Analysis of the Pre-Departure Preparations of Expatriate Managers in Swedish-Based MNCs: Focus on China

Summary: The contemporary global nature of today’s economy has increased the competition among large companies around the world, where international assignments have emerged as a necessary and highly recognized method of distributing employees and adjoined know-how. However, due the differences between home and host country, international assignments may not turn out to be as successful as expected, enhancing complexity involved in considering profitability of sending expatriates on international assignments. The expatriation process can be seen as a series of steps, where the first steps include selection and training of the person in question; building the foundation on which the expatriate stands upon arrival. In this qualitative study, one takes part in a comparison of theory and practice in Swedish-based MNCs that send expatriate managers to China; a fast growing market with inexorable differences to the western livingand working environment. Through our investigation we do not only provide an analysis of our results, but also a suggestion of future improvements of the process in order to prepare expatriates with immaculate results. Title: An Analysis of the Pre-Departure Preparations of Expatriate Managers in Swedish-Based MNCs: Focus on China Course: Bachelor Thesis, International Business II. Authors: Oscar Bordin and Lucas Malina Research Questions: To what extent do Swedish-Based MNCs apply selection and training processes a head of International Assignments in China? Why are the processes applied in this distinctive way?
Chromatin enrichment of histone marks H4Ac and H3K9me3 in TP53 gene domain in breast cells

In non-cancerous breast cell lines HB2 and MCF10A the TP53 gene is localized inside a relatively small ~ 50 kb loop domain delimited by two S/MARs. Aim. To analyze the chromatin markers H4Ac and H3K9me3 of these two S/MARs and of the TP53 gene P1 promoter in different breast cells lines. Methods. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to characterize the chromatin status of these S/MARs elements in breast non-cancerous cell lines HB2 and MCF10A and cancerous MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, BT-474 and T47D cell lines, by chromatin enrichment of H4Ac and H3K9me3 epigenetic markers, hallmarks of open and closed chromatin, respectively. Results. We found that these chromatin epigenetic markers are differentially distributed in S/MARs for all analyzed breast cell lines. Conclusions. We found no correlation between S/MARs and chromatin epigenetic status, suggesting that nuclear matrix fixation and chromatin status can be independent. High enrichment of H3K9me3 in the TP53 gene P1 promoter region in MCF-7, could explain lower levels of the TP53 expression, described earlier by our group.
Effect of Glycerol on Fertility of Cryopreserved Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Sperm

This research investigated the effect of adding glycerol to different ionic extenders on motility and fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed sperm of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under hatchery conditions. Semen was collected by abdominal stripping from adult males and diluted to a ratio of 1:3 in Kurokura I or Kurokura II extender containing 10%, 15%, or 20% glycerol. Diluted semen was packaged in 0.5-ml straws and left to equilibrate for 30 min at 4°C. Following equilibration, the straws were exposed to liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 min and plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196°C). Straws were thawed in a water bath at 30°C for 10 s to determine the post-thaw motility and movement duration. The spermatozoa:egg ratio in fertilization experiments was 1 x 10 5 :1. The highest mean fertilization rate (95.63±0.52; p>0.05) was obtained with semen frozen in Kurokura I extender containing 10% glycerol. Results indicate that grass carp sperm can be successfully cryopreserved with ionic extenders containing glycerol at 10-20%. The IJA appears exclusively as a peer-reviewed on-line open access journal at http://www.siamb. org.il Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden.
When Intelligence is (Dys)Functional for Achieving Sales Performance

Using two samples of salespeople, the authors investigate how a combination of general mental ability (GMA) and specific skills and capabilities (social competence and thinking styles) enables salespeople to reach their sales goals. The study finds evidence for an interaction between GMA and social competence. When combined with high social competence, high GMA leads to the highest sales performance; when combined with low social competence, high GMA leads to the lowest sales performance. In addition, the authors find interaction effects between GMA and a judicial thinking style. Salespeople with a high GMA have the most potential for attaining high levels of sales performance when combined with specific skills; when salespeople with a high GMA lack these skills, they may become the firm's worst performers.
ON THE SUPERIORITY OF OPPORTUNISTIC DESIGN STRATEGIES DURING EARLY EMBODIMENT DESIGN

The prescriptive tradition of German Design Methodology has been challenged by the results of empirical research showing that strict hierarchical approaches can hardly be found in real design processes. Thus, many authors come up with proposals of more flexible procedures. But do these strategies enhance design performance? To answer this question, we investigated individual design procedures of N=71 engineering design students to determine the applicability of Design Methodology in early design stages. We could approve that an opportunistic and associative design procedure is vast superior to a strict hierarchical approach and seems to optimal to cope with the complexity of design problems and to reduce ‘cognitive load’ in problem solving.
Intrinsic single- and multiple-pulse laser-induced damage in silicate glasses in the femtosecond-to-nanosecond region

We show that the threshold power density of the intrinsic laser-induced damage in borosilicate glass at {approx}1 {mu}m wavelength does not depend on pulse duration from 2x10{sup -13} to 3x10{sup -8} s and has the same value for both single- and multiple-pulse exposure of the sample. This indicates that the mechanism of the intrinsic damage in glasses involves a collective response of a certain volume in the dielectric as a whole, such as 'dielectric-metal' phase transition, rather than a process of individual generation and accumulation of electrons, such as multiphoton, tunneling, or avalanche. Also, we demonstrate that under femtosecond exposure the threshold of the plasma formation in transparent glasses is considerably higher than the threshold of the residual change of medium parameters.
Initial Report on Downhole Temperature and Shipboard Thermal Conductivity Measurements, Leg 19, Deep Sea Drilling Project

Downhole temperatures were measured at Sites 183, 184, and 185 in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea (Table 1) during Leg 19 of the JOIDES Deep Sea Drilling Project using a self-contained, digital temperature recorder developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. All temperature data were collected using downhole hardware and techniques which are compatible with normal coring and drilling practices aboard the D/V Glomar Challenger. Temperature data were obtained over a wide range of depths between 16 and 691 meters beneath the sea floor and in sediment types ranging from very soft mud to hard, lithified rock. The temperature data show excellent time correlation with known drilling events and downhole conditions and, in several instances, are believed to be useful for calculation of in situ sediment temperatures.
Quality Characteristics of Dried Fish Obtained From Eldeim Area, Central Sudan

In the present study the prevailing drying methods for fish preservation in ElDueim area, central Sudan were assessed. The processes and analysis were done in two seasons: summer and winter. The chemical analyses indicated the similarity of most of the tested chemical components of the various samples. High microbial load was detected in raw fishes indicating that their quick spoilage at ambient temperature, and the presence of coliforms, staphylococci and salmonella indicates that the raw fish handling is not safe. On the other hand, most of the examined dried fish products were devoid of pathogenic bacteria, and sharp decrease was observed in the numbers of indicator microorganisms like coliforms. The sen- sory analysis indicated higher acceptance of most of the tested samples.
Slope Stability in High Stress and Hard Rock Conditions

Open pit mines are being planned to greater depths that will certainly involve high stress and hard rock conditions. These conditions are not satisfactorily accounted for by conventional stability analysis approaches that are based on the common mechanisms of failure involving planar, wedge and circular shear surface, and toppling. Failure mechanisms in high, hard rock slopes are much more complex than this. Progressive failure in hard rock slopes involves initiation and progression of failure along existing weakness planes, and initiation and progression of failure in intact rock. Mechanisms of slope failure behaviour, and the implications for slope stability analysis and slope design, are considered in this paper. It is concluded that what is required for robust stability evaluation and design is much better understanding of the rock mass, and methods of analysis that can model the rock mass and take into account variability in all of the geotechnical parameters. Better site investigations and modern methods of slope monitoring should supply considerable information regarding the understanding of the three dimensional rock mass. Owing to geotechnical variability, data must be expressed in the form of statistical distributions, and methods of stability analysis must therefore be probabilistic rather than deterministic. The output from such analyses will not be a single evaluation, but a distribution of evaluations that will form the basis for a decision on the acceptability of risk of failure. Although the methods required for such analyses are already available in theory, they cannot yet be practically implemented because of lack of computing power. In particular, the requirement that analyses are probabilistic and three dimensional places enormous demands on computing capacity.
Replacement of Fish Meal with Fish Processing by-Product Silage in Diets for the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

This study evaluated the effects of the dietary fish silage (FS) used as a replacement for fish meal (FM), on growth performance, fatty acid composition and serum variables of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Four experimental diets, including 0% (FS0), 20% (FS20), 40% (FS40) and 60% (FS60) of fish silage, were formulated. Diets were given to triplicate groups of 40 fish/cage (average weight 52.90±1.88 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that there were no significant differences in growth performance and nutrient utilization between control and FS20 group (p>0.05). Fish fed with the FS20 diet grew significantly better than others (p 0.05). Results showed that fish processing by-product silage has potential to replace fish meal up to 20% in rainbow trout diets without adverse effects on growth performance, fatty acid composition and serum biochemical variables.
Strategies for detection of house mice on a recently invaded island

Invasive rodents pose a grave and persistent threat to New Zealand's native biodiversity. Rodent eradication is a successful conservation tool on islands. However, eradications may fail, and there is always potential for reinvasion. It is therefore essential that effective systems are in place for the early detection of rodents in the case of eradication failure or reincursion. We used data from a small New Zealand island experimentally colonised with house mice (Mus musculus) to investigate the effectiveness of selected mammal surveillance practices, including detection device choice, duration of deployment period, and device placement. The effect of population density on mouse detectability was assessed using population abundance estimates made regularly throughout the experimental island colonisation. We found that commonly used detection practices were highly effective for the detection of mice, even at low population density.
Use of the SYBR Green I fluorescent dye and a centrifugal filter device for rapid determination of dissolved DNA concentration in fresh water

A rapid fluorometric assay using the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I was established to determine the concentration of dissolved nucleic acids in fresh water. The sensitivity of SYBR Green I to double stranded DNA (dsDNA) (λHind III digest) was as low as 50 pg, 200 times more sensitive than Hoechst 33258. SYBR Green I bound to dsDNA emitted 10 times stronger fluorescence than when bound to single stranded DNA or RNA, indicating its selectivity for dsDNA measurement. The dissolved DNA (dDNA) concentration in fresh water determined using SYBR Green I was almost the same as that obtained using Hoechst 33258. This suggests that the dDNA measured by SYBR Green I is comparable to that determined by Hoechst 33258 in previous studies. To reduce preparation time, the dDNA in lake water filtrate was precipitated by ethanol and purified using a centrifugal filter device. The overall preparation process takes only a few hours and requires only 10 ml of water. The process described here may, therefore, facilitate 'same day' measurement of dDNA dynamics in freshwater environments.