Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in the yield and essential oil of four chamomile varieties grown in Finland in 1985-1988

Four chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) varieties were grown at Puumala, Finland (61°40' N, 28°15' E) in 1985—1989 from spring sowings on stony till soil, pH 5.8. The weather conditions in the experimental years were very different. For instance between 1987 and 1988 there was a difference of 5,3°C in the mean temperature of the growing periods (MaySeptember). The four-year average of the fresh flower yield was 0.4 (0.1 —0.7) kg/m 2 . The yields varied greatly depending on the number of harvests, which depended on the weather conditions. One harvest could be obtained in 1986 and 1987, two in 1985 and three in 1988. In spite of the different weather conditions there were no differences in the content and composition of the essential oil distilled from the dry flowers. Index words: chamomile, varieties, flower yield, essential oil
"We were just testing what kind of man you are"- negotiating masculinities in a New Mexico prison.

This article addresses the issue of spatial injustice/s at the level of the prison. The article begins by contextualizing prisons, introducing the spatial context of differences in implementing justice within the United States. It briefly explores the becoming and structuring of prisons and addresses prisoners’ identity work to illustrate the ways in which different prisoners use different resources available inside and outside of the prison in order to negotiate the experience of punishment within the US legal system. In so doing, it draws on a wider study with 21 male prisoners of different ethnic backgrounds in a New Mexico prison. In particular, drawing on work by Wetherell and Edley (1999), the article explores different kinds of masculinities expressed by prisoners as a response to the prison system as well as a way of bridging prison lives and the outside world. The analysis shows that prison spaces cannot be viewed as homogeneous spaces in which ideas of justice are translated into the same means of control and punishment for all prisoners.
Soil chemical properties and nutrients in maize fertilized with urban waste compost 1

The availability of organic, agroindustrial and urban waste in Brazil is high, and the exploitation of these residues in agriculture as a source of nutrients and organic matter is a beneficial alternative for the environment and may reduce the amount of mineral fertilizers applied in some areas (Carneiro et al. 2013, Paula et al. 2013, Somavilla et al. 2014). Among the organic residues, urban waste is generated at staggering rates in Brazilian cities, where each inhabitant produces daily 1.07 kg of garbage, on average, which is mainly disposed in dumps and landfills (Abrelpe 2015). A significant ABSTRACT RESUMO
The Influence of Supplemental Multi-enzyme Feed Additive on the Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality Traits of Broiler Chickens

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding a commercial multienzyme feed additive (Tomoko, Biogenkoji Research Institute, Japan) on the performance of broilers. Four isoenergetic and isontirogenous diets consisting of control diet without enzyme (Con) and three test diets supplemented with Tomoko at 250 (T250), 500 (T500) and 750 (T750) g/tonne of feed were used for starter, grower and finisher phases. Each diet was offered to 10 replicates of 40 one-day-old straight-run Lohmann broiler chicks (n = 1600) in a randomized complete block design (10 blocks of 4 diets each). Data was analyzed using mixed procedure of SAS (repeated measures analysis) for a randomized complete block design, with level of significance set at p = 0.05. Enzyme used in the study was authenticated by the supplier to have minimum level of acidic protease (10,000 U/g), alpha-amylase (40 U/g), pectinase (30 U/g), phytase (10 U/g), glucoamylase (5 U/g) and cellulase (4 U/g). Enzyme supplementation had no significant effect on Feed Intake (FI) at 21 d, while at 42 d birds fed T250 and Con diets significantly consumed more feed than T500 and/or T750. No significant differences were observed for Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Body Weight (BW) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) were significantly higher (p<0.05) for birds fed Con diet at 42 d. Carcass characteristics showed no significant effects on whole carcass weight and/or dressing percent and weight and percent of breast, thighs and wings. Enzyme supplemented diets significantly (p<0.05) increased liver percent in contrast to Con diet, while no significant differences were reported for heart, gizzard and abdominal fat pad. The addition of enzyme did not significantly impact meat quality traits (pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity, shear force and colour attributes). Chemical analysis showed significantly (p<0.05) higher Dry Matter (DM) and ash percent for breast meat and significantly (p<0.05) higher DM, ash and Crude Protein (CP) percent for thigh meat, in birds fed Con diet. In conclusion, enzyme supplementation elicited few responses in birds when supplemented at three levels in contrast to a normal corn-soybean diet.
Extending Uniqueness Implies Existence Results for Fractional Differential Equations Honors Thesis

In 1967, Andrzej Lasota and Zdzisław Opial proved that under sufficient conditions, uniqueness of solutions for boundary value problems for a second-order ordinary differential equation implies their existence. Lloyd Jackson and Keith Schrader then proved an extension of this result for boundary value problems of third order. In proving the third-order case, this compactness theorem is applied as a key part of the proof. It states that under sufficient conditions, uniform boundedness of a sequence of solutions on a compact domain implies existence of a subsequence which converges uniformly with respect to its zeroth, first, and second derivatives. We present an extension of this compactness theorem to a fractional differential equation of all orders in the interval (2,3]. Dedication or Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge my professors at the University of Dayton, especially those in the math, computer science, and physics departments. I would like to thank Dr. Paul Eloe, Dr. Catherine Kublik, Dr. Saverio Perugini, Dr. Atif Abueida, and Dr. Jonathan Brown for their support for my future in graduate school. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Paul Eloe again for his guidance and patience with this thesis.
Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

In order to meet the sophisticated demands for large-scale applications such as electro-mobility, next generation energy storage technologies require advanced electrode active materials with enhanced gravimetric and volumetric capacities to achieve increased gravimetric energy and volumetric energy densities. However, most of these materials suffer from high 1st cycle active lithium losses, e.g., caused by solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, which in turn hinder their broad commercial use so far. In general, the loss of active lithium permanently decreases the available energy by the consumption of lithium from the positive electrode material. Pre-lithiation is considered as a highly appealing technique to compensate for active lithium losses and, therefore, to increase the practical energy density. Various pre-lithiation techniques have been evaluated so far, including electrochemical and chemical pre-lithiation, pre-lithiation with the help of additives or the pre-lithiation by direct contact to lithium metal. In this review article, we will give a comprehensive overview about the various concepts for pre lithiation and controversially discuss their advantages and challenges. Furthermore, we will critically discuss possible effects on the cell performance and stability and assess the techniques with regard to their possible commercial exploration.
Temporal Changes in N Assimilation and Metabolite Composition of Nitrate-Affected Tomato Plants

The role of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in the production of amino acids, organic acids and soluble sugars is one of the most important biochemical processes in plants, and, in order to achieve normally, nitrate uptake and assimilation is essential. For this reason, the characterization of nitrate assimilation and metabolite composition from leaves, roots and xylem sap of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was investigated under different nitrate levels in media. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically in liquid culture under five different nitrate regimes: deficient (0.25 and 0.75 mM NO 3 -), normal (2.5 mM NO 3 -) and excessive (5.0 and 10.0 mM NO 3 -). All samples, leaves, roots and xylem sap, were collected after 7 and 14 days after treatment. The levels of amino acids, soluble sugars and organic acids were significantly decreased by N-deficiency whereas, interestingly, they remained higher in xylem sap as compared with N-normal and -surplus. The N-excessive condition did not exert any significant changes in metabolites composition, and thus their levels were similar with N-normal. The gene expression and enzyme activity of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) were greatly influenced by nitrate. The data presented here suggest that metabolites, as a signal messenger, existed in xylem sap seem to play a crucial role to acquire nitrate, and, in addition, an increase in α-ketoglutarate pathway-derived amino acids under N-deficiency may help to better understand plant C/N metabolism.
Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini)

This study provides a species-level phylogeny and morphological characterization for the Neotropical brassoline genus Dasyophthalma Westwood, 1851. A revised generic definition is given, and two species groups are proposed. Diagnoses and illustrations of habitus and genitalia are provided for all species. Wing color, male scent organs, and male and female genitalic morphology are characterized and discussed.
Tomato yellow leaf curl disease and plant-virus vector interactions

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae) is the type member and representative of the complex of viruses associated with the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) with ssDNA genome, a plant-infecting group of viruses that have single or double genomic components enveloped by an icosahedral coat protein. These viruses infect tomatoes and other vegetable and ornamental crops and cause severe losses estimated by billions of dollars each year. Begomoviruses are exclusively transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in a persistent circulative manner. First epidemics of TYLCV were reported in Israel in the early 1960s and later on the causative agent was identified as TYLCV. Epidemics were often associated with the presence of whiteflies. Since then, extensive research in many laboratories in the world was conducted to better understand the interactions between TYLCV, the tomato plant and its only vector B. tabaci. These studies resulted in hundreds of research papers and reviews, a.
Effect of anti-gut inflammatory agent on insulin resistance and lipid profile of mice fed different diets

Purpose : To further explore the effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) treatment on lipid levels in mice fed different diets. Methods: Groups of 9 - 10 mice each were randomly assigned to 6 different diets, low-fat diet (LFD) with or without 5-ASA, high-fat diet (HFD) with or without 5-ASA, and high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFC) with or without 5-ASA for 12 weeks. Results: There were changes in gut microbiota of 5-ASA-treated mice, although gut permeability was similar between treated and non-treated groups. The level of fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin and the curve of glucose tolerance test (GTT) in mice fed LFD, HFD or HFC diet were not affected by 5-ASA treatment. Although plasma lipid levels were similar between 5-ASA consuming and non-5-ASA groups in mice fed LFD and HFD, improved lipid profile was seen in mice that received HFC+5-ASA when compared with mice fed only HFC. Conclusion: These results indicate that targeting gut inflammation and dysbiosis with 5-ASA neither improves gut barrier nor insulin resistance (IR). Thus, results from therapies for metabolic disorder based on anti-gut inflammation should be interpreted with caution. Keywords : 5-Aminosalicylic acid, Small intestine, High-fat, High-cholesterol diet, Dyslipidemia, Glucose tolerance
DETERMINANTS OF PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN LESOTHO

The study empirically examines the determinants of private investment in Lesotho over the period 1982 – 2013. The results indicate that private investment is positively influenced by the level of economic growth and public investment while it is negatively affected by increase in the price level. The highly significant and positive coefficient of economic growth confirms the accelerator principle in Lesotho while that of public investment outlines the significant role of government in laying down infrastructure to crowd in private investment. The negative coefficient of the general price level symbolizes the importance of price stability in stimulating private investment. In addition, the study confirms that macroeconomic instability negatively affects private investment in Lesotho. The Granger-Causality test reveals that there is unidirectional causality running from private investment to per capita GDP, and bidirectional causality between public and private investment. The policy recommendation following the findings is that government should engage in investment of infrastructural projects in the short-run to better aid smooth private investment in the long-run.
Investigating Knowledge Spillovers under Standardization: The Examination of the Patent-Citation Networks in the Mobile Telecommunication Industry

The article attempts to elucidate why incumbent standard setters lose their grounds through the knowledge spillovers under standardization. Incumbent standard setters are presumed to control innovations and interfirm divisions of labor by managing the architectural knowledge of the whole product system concerned. We conduct the analysis of patent forward citations on essential patents (SEP: Standard Essential Patent) and proprietary patents in the mobile telecommunication industry. The result shows that by the citations of essential patents from incumbent standard setters, semiconductor suppliers build their proprietary knowledge. The result also reveals that a major semiconductor supplier accelerates such spillovers of architectural knowledge.
On the Mathematical Basis of Intertemporal Optimization

Almost no economic time series is either weakly or strictly s ationary: distributions of economic variables shift over time. Thus, the present treatment of ex pectations in economic theories of intertemporal optimization is inappropriate. It cannot be prove d that conditional expectations based on the current distribution are minimum mean-square error 1-s tep ahead predictors when unanticipated breaks occur, and consequentially, the law of iterated expe ctations then fails inter-temporally. A second consequence is that dynamic stochastic general equi librium models are intrinsically nonstructural. JEL classifications: C02, C22.
General self-efficacy and worry in an Iranian adolescents and youths samples.

The purpose of this research study was twofold: to examine the worry and self-efficacy relationships, and investigate whether self-efficacy can explain worry variation in regression model in an Iranian adolescents and youths samples.Participants included 200 adolescents and 200 youths randomly selected from Eghlid town,Fars province, Iran.A demographic questionnaire,the Generalised Selfefficacy Scale and Ahwaz Worry Inventory were used in the study.Resulting data demonstrated that self-efficacy and worry have significant negative correlations coefficients in adolescents and youths.Initiation and persistence subscales of general self-efficacy explained 42 and 45 percent of worry variation in adolescents and youths respectively.General self-efficacy construct and its initiation and persistence subscales have great importance for worry prevention in adolescents and youths.Hence,both self efficacy and worry measures could be supplied for screening and intervention goals at individual and collective levels among them.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FILTER MEDIA AND LIMNOCHARIS FLAVA ON PHYTOREMEDIATION OF LEACHATE

This research aims to know the effectiveness of filter media and Limnocharis flava on the phytoremediation of leachate. This research was conducted in the greenhouse of Faculty Agriculture, University of Lancang Kuning on January-February 2015. The method used was experimental method by using a completely randomized design, which consists of 4 treatments with 5 replicates at each treatment. The parameters measured were turbidity, temperature, Total Suspended Solid, pH, and Dissolved Oxygen of leachate. Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance One-Way with significance level (α) = 0.01 and further tested by Duncan's Multi Range Test. The results showed that there was a significant effect of filter media and Limnocharis flava on phytoremediation of leachate. Effective treatment to reduce levels of pollutants contained in the treatment 2 (Podzolik Merah Kuning, zeolites, Limnocharis flava) with effectiveness value were 87.09%, 4.8%, 91.81%, 21.93%, and (-)4680% for turbidity, temperature, Total Suspended Solid, pH, and Dissolved Oxygen respectively.
FLOTATION KINETICS AND SEPARATION SELECTIVITY OF COAL SIZE FRACTIONS

Flotation recovery and kinetics for three size fractions of coal were investigated. Flotation of combustible matter recovery was approximated with the first order kinetic equation while flotation of the ash forming minerals with the second order equation. Next, the equations for each size fraction were combined and a formula was obtained which was used for approximation of the experimental results using the so-called Fuerstenau upgrading curve, which relates the recovery of combustible matter recovery and recovery of ash forming minerals, both in concentrate. The Fuerstenau upgrading plot showed that the best selectivity was obtained for the middle size fraction of 0.25-0.075 mm, while the flotation selectivity of larger 0.5-0.25 mm and smaller -0.075 mm particles was diminished. This finding agrees with many other investigations.
Dietary Possibilities to Mitigate Rumen Methane and Ammonia Production

Efficiency of ruminal metabolism is a significant factor affecting production and release of pollutants, i.e. methane and ammonia. Efficient and balanced ruminal fermentation reduces the emission of gases, particularly methane, to the atmosphere. Losses of energy from the feed ration, connected with the production of methane, are particularly significant in ruminants, since approx. 2/3 production costs are generated by feeds (including forages), fed to animals. Actions aiming at a limitation of methanogenesis in ruminants, at the simultaneous monitoring of quantitative and qualitative changes in methanogens, are justified from the scientific and economic point of view. Proposals of legislative changes include the intention expressed by the European Commission to introduce the so-called cow tax, a tax on kept ruminants.
Effects of chopping length and compaction values on the feed qualities of sunflower silage

This study was conducted to determine the feed qualities of sunflower silages produced with different chopping lengths and under different compaction values. Olivia species sunflower was used in the study. Sunflowers were harvested at the grain-dough maturity stage using silage machine. Dry matter rate on harvesting was 298.5 g/kg and plants were cut in the lengths ranging between 1 and 4 cm. Cut material was divided into three groups in three different plastic containers, which have the same volume of 60 L and these containers were applied to three different compaction values of 1, 2 and 3 MPa, respectively using a hydraulic press whose pressure values can be regulated. At the end of the fermentation period of 60 days, sunflower silages were analysed chemically. Mean dry matter content of total sunflower silages was 287.2 g/kg, mean pH value was 4.29, crude protein content was 95.5 g/kgDM, ADF content was 429.6 g/kgDM, and NDF content was 434.6 g /kgDM and Fleig score was 91.04. Larger chopping length increased the pH value of sunflower silage (p < 0.01) and ADF content (p < 0.05), while decreasing the Fleig score (p < 0.01). Under increased compaction values, pH values decreased (p < 0.05) and Fleig score increased (p < 0.01). It was consequently found in the study that sunflower silage with higher feed quality was obtained with the crops harvested at grain-dough maturity stage, cut into 1 cm length and compressed under 3 MPa. Key words: Sunflower silage, chopping length, compaction, feed quality.
Constraints on Common Envelope Magnetic Fields from Observations of Jets in Planetary Nebulae

The common envelope (CE) interaction describes the swallowing of a nearby companion by a growing, evolving star. CEs that take place during the asymptotic giant branch phase of the primary and may lead to the formation of a planetary nebula (PN) with a post-CE close binary in the middle. We have used published observations of masses and kinematics of jets in four post-CE PN to infer physical characteristics of the C E interaction. In three of the four systems studied, Abell 63, ETHOS 1 and the Necklace PN, the kinematics indicate that the jets were launched a few thousand years before the CE and we favour a scenario where this happened before Roche lobe overflow, although better models of wind accretion and wind Roche lobe overflow are needed. The magnetic fields inferred t o launch pre-CE jets are of the order of a few Gauss. In the fourth case, NGC 6778, the kinematics indicate that the jets were launched about 3000 years after the CE interaction. Magnetic fields of the order of a few hundreds to a few thousands Gauss are inferred in this case, approximately in line with predictions of post-CE magnetic fields. However, we remark t hat in the case of this system, it is impossible to find a reasonable scenario for the formati on of the two jet pairs observed: the small orbital separation would preclude the formation o f even one accretion disk able to supply the necessary accretion rate to cause the observed je ts.
Addressing Size Stereotypes: A Weight Bias and Weight-related Teasing Intervention Among Adolescents

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a weight-related teasing prevention program implemented for both female and male students in a school setting. Methods: Junior High School students (N = 143) in seventh grade were invited to participate in the program. One hundred eighteen participants completed pre- and posttest surveys to assess bullying frequency and to evaluate an efficacy of the 8-week prevention program. Results: Data at posttest revealed the number of students who reported being bullied decreased by 7% (n = 8). The incidence rate of self-reported bullies was reduced from 18% to 14%. The levels of body esteem and self-esteem were statistically higher among the