Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Sedentary Behavior in US Middle-Age and Older Adults: The REGARDS Study.

PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to examine patterns of objectively measured sedentary behavior in a national cohort of US middle-age and older adults and to determine factors that influence prolonged sedentary behavior. METHODS We studied 8096 participants from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study, a population-based study of black and white adults 45 yr or older. Seven-day accelerometry was conducted. Prolonged sedentary behavior was defined as accumulating 50% or more of total sedentary time in bouts of 30 min or greater. RESULTS The number of sedentary bouts greater than or equal to 20, 30, 60, and 90 min were 8.8 ± 2.3, 5.5 ± 1.9, 1.9 ± 1.1, and 0.8 ± 0.7 bouts per day, respectively. Sedentary bouts greater than or equal to 20, 30, 60, and 90 min accounted for 60.0% ± 13.9%, 48.0% ± 15.5%, 26.0% ± 15.4%, and 14.2% ± 12.9% of total sedentary time, respectively. Several factors were associated with prolonged sedentary behavior in multivariate-adjusted models (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): older age (65-74 yr: 1.99 [1.55-2.57]; 75 yr or older: 4.68 [3.61-6.07] vs 45-54 yr), male sex (1.41 [1.28-1.56] vs female), residence in nonstroke belt/buckle region of the United States (stroke belt: 0.87 [0.77-0.98]; stroke buckle: 0.86 [0.77-0.95] vs non-belt/buckle), body mass index (BMI) (overweight: 1.33 [1.18-1.51]; obese: 2.15 [1.89-2.44] vs normal weight), winter (1.18 [1.03-1.35] vs summer), and low amounts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) [0 min·wk: 2.00 [1.66-2.40] vs ≥150 min·wk). CONCLUSIONS In this sample of US middle-age and older adults, a large proportion of total sedentary time was accumulated in prolonged, uninterrupted bouts of sedentary behavior as almost one-half was accumulated in sedentary bouts greater than or equal to 30 min. Several sociodemographic (age, sex, and BMI), behavioral (MVPA), environmental (region), and seasonal factors are associated with patterns of prolonged sedentary behavior.
Efficiency of local governments in Malaysia and its correlates

The local government as one of the levels of government, plays a crucial role in providing public goods and services that are specific to the localities. However, the performance of local governments has been subjected to various criticisms, based on the increasing number of complaints from the public regarding provision of public goods and the poor services rendered to the locals,suggesting the ineficiency of our local governments. This article investigates this issue by analysing whether local governments in Malaysia use an eficient level of resources to provide their services. To achieve the objective, we estimate cost eficiency using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)approach. The eficiency scores were then regressed against factors that are likely to influence the local government's performance. The results indicate that the local governments in Malaysia are not fully efficient in using their inputs. The results also indicate that the variables that influence the local government's eficiency the most are level of technology usage, average income of the population, type of local government and location of the local government.
Self-Esteem of Students in Regular and Special Classes

134 boys and 53 girls enrolled in Grades 1 to 7 in the Edmonton Public School System participated in a study designed to determine the self-esteem and perception of ability of academically successful and unsuccessful students. Subsidiary purposes were to determine the relationship between self-esteem and perception of ability and to describe the effects of special class placement on self-esteem. Academically successful students scored significantly higher than academically unsuccessful students in self-esteem and perception of ability as well. The correlation of . 70 between self-esteem and perception of ability for all students was significant: special class placement enhanced self-esteem.
Association Between Migraine and Celiac Disease: Results From a Preliminary Case-Control and Therapeutic Study

OBJECTIVES:Subclinical celiac disease (CD) has been associated with various neurological disorders, the most common being neuropathy and cerebellar ataxia. The aims of the present study were to assess the following: 1) the prevalence of CD in patients affected by migraine; 2) whether there are regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities in migraine patients with CD compared to migraine patients without CD; and 3) the effects of a gluten free diet in migraine patients with CD.METHODS:A total of 90 patients affected by idiopathic migraine were enrolled, and 236 blood donors were used as controls. Serum IgG antitransglutaminase (TgA) and IgA antiendomysial (EmA) were measured. In positive cases, diagnosis was confirmed endoscopically. A gluten free diet was started in the patients diagnosed with CD, who were followed for 6 months. A single photon emission CT brain study was performed before and after a gluten free diet.RESULTS:Four of 90 (4.4%; 95% CI = 1.2–11.0) migraine patients were found to have CD compared with 0.4% (95% CI = 0.01–2.3) blood donor controls (p < 0.05). During the 6 months of gluten free diet, one of the four patients had no migraine attacks, and the remaining three patients experienced an improvement in frequency, duration, and intensity of migraine. Single photon emission CT studies showed a regional baseline reduction in brain tracer uptake in all four patients. Such reduction in uptake completely resolved at follow-up.CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that a significant proportion of patients with migraine may have CD, and that a gluten free diet may lead to a improvement in the migraine in these patients.
Trade, Social Insurance, and the Limits to Globalization

International economic integration increases exposure to external risk and intensifies domestic demands for social insurance through government programs. But international economic integration also reduces the ability of governments to respond to such pressure by rendering the tax base footloose. With globalization proceeding apace, the social consensus required to maintain domestic markets open to trade may erode to the point where a return to protection becomes a serious possibility.
A STUDY OF PNEUMONIA IN A RURAL AREA IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA

1. Pneumococcus Type IV of low virulence was the prevailing organism in fifty-eight cases of pneumonia studied in southern Alabama. Fixed types of pneumococci were not common. 2. Pneumoma was more prevalent in children from 5 to 15 years of age than in adults. As a rule, the disease ran a mild course. 3. Most of the cases of pneumonia gave a definite history of an acute cold antedating the attack of pneumonia by a period of 5 to 8 days. Exposure alone did not seem to predispose to pneumonia, but those with an acute cold who were exposed to chilling of the body surface frequently developed pneumonia. 4. There were seven "family epidemics" of pneumonia. In each instance there was a family epidemic of colds antedating the pneumonia. The pneumococcus was found in large numbers in the nasopharynx of those suffering from colds as well as in the pneumonia patients. 5. The epidemiology of pneumonia in the pioneer days of American history has many points in common with the epidemiology of pneumonia in a rural isolated area in southern Alabama today. This suggests that the crowded conditions and frequent contacts of modern city life have built up a community resistance to avirulent strains of pneumococci.
Double‐segment defining role of even‐skipped homologs along the evolution of insect pattern formation

Recent studies on insect patterning suggest that the genetic hierarchy may be roughly conserved in phylogenetically divergent species, but pair‐rule genes may not function identically in all insects. In order to understand potential evolutionary changes in the role of the pair‐rule genes, a Bombyx even‐skipped homolog was cloned and its expression pattern during early embryogenesis studied. Eight stripes of Bombyx even‐skipped were progressively expressed in an antero–posterior order. Later, these stripes disappeared anteriorly. Under this detection system, Bombyx even‐skipped stripes clearly do not resolve into the corre sponding secondary stripes, an obvious difference from Drosophila and Tribolium. These results suggest that Bombyx even‐skipped may serve a double‐segment defining role and may determine the odd‐numbered engrailed stripes.
Low-Threshold Ca2+ Current Amplifies Distal Dendritic Signaling in Thalamic Reticular Neurons

The low-threshold transient calcium current (IT) plays a critical role in modulating the firing behavior of thalamic neurons; however, the role of IT in the integration of afferent information within the thalamus is virtually unknown. We have used two-photon laser scanning microscopy coupled with whole-cell recordings to examine calcium dynamics in the neurons of the strategically located thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). We now report that a single somatic burst discharge evokes large-magnitude calcium responses, via IT, in distal TRN dendrites. The magnitude of the burst-evoked calcium response was larger than those observed in thalamocortical projection neurons under the same conditions. We also demonstrate that direct stimulation of distal TRN dendrites, via focal glutamate application and synaptic activation, can locally activate distal IT, producing a large distal calcium response independent of the soma/proximal dendrites. These findings strongly suggest that distally located IT may function to amplify afferent inputs. Boosting the magnitude ensures integration at the somatic level by compensating for attenuation that would normally occur attributable to passive cable properties. Considering the functional architecture of the TRN, elongated nature of their dendrites, and robust dendritic signaling, these distal dendrites could serve as sites of intense intra-modal/cross-modal integration and/or top-down modulation, leading to focused thalamocortical communication.
An Algorithm for Solving a Perturbed Algebraic Riccati Equation

The paper presents an algorithm for solving a perturbed algebraic Riccati equation, which involves a monotone operator and comprises the usual Riccati equation and coupled algebraic Riccati equations as particular cases. The method relies on iterations of Riccati equations for which solutions are ensured to exist and to be unique, via the adequate choice of certain parameters. We show that the method generates a monotonically increasing sequence that converges to the minimal solution of the original equation whenever it exists. In this case, the convergence is unconditionally ensured; no stability or any other condition is taken into account. Illustrative numerical examples are included.
Role of Ubiquitination in Endocytic Trafficking of G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptors

Lysyl ubiquitination has long been known to target cytoplasmic proteins for proteasomal degradation, and there is now extensive evidence that ubiquitination functions in vacuolar/lysosomal targeting of membrane proteins from both the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways. G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest and most diverse family of membrane proteins, whose function is of fundamental importance both physiologically and therapeutically. In this review, we discuss the role of ubiquitination in the vacuolar/lysosomal downregulation of GPCRs through the endocytic pathway, with a primary focus on lysosomal trafficking in mammalian cells. We will summarize evidence indicating that mammalian GPCRs are regulated by ubiquitin‐dependent mechanisms conserved in budding yeast, and then consider evidence for additional ubiquitin‐dependent and ‐independent regulation that may be specific to animal cells.
LIVING IN CURVED MOMENTUM SPACE

In this paper, we review some aspects of relativistic particles' mechanics in the case of a nontrivial geometry of momentum space. We start by showing how the curved momentum space arises in the theory of gravity in 2+1 dimensions coupled to particles, when (topological) degrees of freedom of gravity are solved for. We argue that there might exist a similar topological phase of quantum gravity in 3+1 dimensions. Then, we characterize the main properties of the theory of interacting particles with curved momentum space and the symmetries of the action. We discuss the space–time picture and the emergence of the principle of relative locality, according to which locality of events is not absolute but becomes observer dependent, in the controllable, relativistic way. We conclude with the detailed review of the most studied κ-Poincare framework, which corresponds to the de Sitter momentum space.
Developing a Brief Sensation Seeking Scale for Children: Establishing Concurrent Validity With Video Game Use and Rule-Breaking Behavior

Despite the importance of life-cycle models to sensation seeking research, past studies have typically focused on adolescents and adults. This is especially problematic for researchers studying the role of media use in the development of risky behaviors (e.g., violent video game consumption and aggressive behavior). To facilitate research with child populations, a brief sensation seeking scale for children (BSSS-C) is developed and validated with a sample of fourth, fifth, and sixth graders (N = 136). The BSSS-C is found to be internally reliable (α = .82) as well as a strong predictor of several risky child behaviors. Higher sensation seeking children were more likely to play video games, including violent subgenres (e.g., shooters), and to enjoy playing video games that contained specific acts of violence (e.g., weapon use). Higher sensation seekers were also more likely to engage in rule-breaking behavior, such as bringing prohibited cell phones to school. The results suggest that sensation seeking may be related to risky behavior at a very young age.
Pricing, Subsidies, and the Poor: Demand for Improved Water Services in Central America

Reformulating tariff and subsidy policies is central to improving water and sanitation services in developing countries. The traditional model of state enterprise service provision, coupled with residential tariffs set well below the cost of service, has generally delivered unsatisfactory results. Low internal generation of funds has impeded expansion of networks into poor communities and has resulted in very poor services there. Most of the subsidy has benefited higher-income groups. Reformers have proposed private provision to improve efficiency, cost-reflective tariffs to permit the systems to meet demand, and better-targeted subsidies. But is there empirical evidence that existing subsidies are ineffective and that the poor could pay the full cost of water services? Analyzing household survey and water company data from cities of Central America and Venezuela, the authors confirm that: 1) Households without piped connections pay a lot for small amounts of water from"coping sources. "2) Most public water companies undercharge hugely, providing an implicit, generalized subsidy and accelerating their systems'decapitalization. 3) There is little income-related differentiation in consumption and therefore in effective piped water tariffs. Volume-based tariffs would generate cross-subsidies from the rich to the poor if the rich consumed more water. But the data indicate that consumption of piped water varies little with income, so most of the water subsidy is captured by the nonpoor. 4) Poor households that are not presently connected would clearly benefit from access to piped water supply. This would require increasing tariffs to cost-reflective levels. But where the urban poor already enjoy access, such tariffincreases would have a disproportionate impact on this income group. This impact should be mitigated through better-targeted, temporary subsidies. 5) The poor are often willing to pay much more than the present tariff for access to piped water but not necessarily the full cost of the monthly consumption assumed by planners (30 cubic meters). If tariffs were set to cover long-run financial costs, many poor households would consume much less. Improving the design of tariff structures and extending metering to such households would permit them to regulate their expenditures on water by controlling their consumption.
Psychology of Computer Use: XXXV. Differences in Computer Users' Stress and Self-Concept in College Personnel and Students

104 college students and 88 college faculty/staff at a midwestern university completed a questionnaire composed of the Computer Hassles Scale, a measure of computer users' stress, somatization/anxiety items from the Symptoms Checklist-90, a measure of stress reactions, and the Revised Personal Attribute Inventory, a measure of self-concept. Correlations indicated that for students there was a significant negative relationship between computer users' stress and self-concept (r = −.30), while for faculty/staff there was a significant positive relationship (r = .28). Regression analyses showed that self-concept moderated the relationship between computer users' stress and stress outcomes for only the faculty-staff sample. The moderator effect was interpreted using Linville's 1987 “buffering hypothesis,” which suggests that persons with higher scores on self-concept are less prone to experience stress-related outcomes like somatization/anxiety symptoms.
The impact of service failures on customer loyalty

This purpose of this study was to investigate the negative impact of service failures on customer loyalty. More specifically, we examined the moderating role of affective commitment on post‐failure attitudes and loyalty intentions under two service failure conditions: a successful and poor service recovery. Our findings indicate that emotionally‐bonded customers might feel “betrayed” when a service failure occurs, thus resulting in sharp decrease in post‐recovery attitudes. Conversely, this negativity effect was limited to poor service recovery among consumers with low affective commitment. Customers with lower levels of emotional bonding with the service provider were more “forgiving” when the service recovery was effectively handled. Poor service recovery led to more ambivalent post‐failure attitudes irrespective of the degree of affective commitment between the customer and the service provider. Finally, the results suggest that affective commitment might reduce the spill‐over effects of service failures to future loyalty behaviors. The implications for retention management strategies are briefly discussed.
Determinants of Investor Reactions to Error Announcements - Evidence from Germany

This paper contributes to the understanding of the German two-tiered enforcement set-up. The first tier is represented by the private review panel FREP, which has been investigating IFRS financial statements since 2005 and ensures consistent and faithful application of the latter. The German securities regulator BaFin, as second tier to the mechanism, enforces disclosure of errors established by either FREP or BaFin and therefore substantiates the adverse disclosure mechanism. We investigate short-term reactions to error announcements published between 2006 and 2013 and find evidence for differences of investor reactions between the early and the current years of enforcement. Disentangling the contributing factors of error severity, we provide evidence that investor reaction is primarily associated with the impact of error announcements on profitability. In addition, we detect that the amount of errors established is negatively associated with investor reaction indicating that extensive error announcements have an attenuating effect on investor reaction. Yet we caution to blindly interpret these findings, since they are also subject to change over time and partially driven by outliers. Further multivariate analyses provide additional insights referring to determinants of investor reactions by examining effects of stated errors on core earnings, effects of errors triggered due to second-guessing the use of professional judgment, and changes of investor perception over time.
The Instability of Joint Ventures: Learning from Others or Learning to Work with Others

We analyze the patterns of international joint venture termination, to compare the learning and trust views of joint ventures. We distinguish between three ways in which termination may occur and allow for the possibility that some joint ventures never confront the chances of terminating in these ways. We find that the chances of terminating a joint venture increase over time, in particular when the joint venture is terminated by dissolution of the firm and by acquisition by the foreign partner. Our findings thus support the view thatlearning outperforms trust in explaining the time patterns of joint venture survival.
The Legitimacy of CEO Pay: The Discourse of Telecom, the Media and the Public

This paper investigates how Telecom Corporation of New Zealand Ltd (Telecom) managed its legitimacy after announcing the Chief Executive Officer’s (CEO’s) pay in 2009 as well as the media’s and public’s reaction to Telecom’s announcement. The findings show that Telecom, the media and the public use the same remuneration logics to justify their positions. These remuneration logics are used to both justify and criticise Telecom’s CEO’s pay, although the media’s and public’s arguments are often unsophisticated and focus on the absolute level of CEO pay. Telecom is able to maintain its legitimacy through the use of well-structured, sophisticated arguments.
Tissue-Specific Glycosylation at the Glycopeptide Level*

This manuscript describes the enrichment and mass spectrometric analysis of intact glycopeptides from mouse liver, which yielded site-specific N- and O-glycosylation data for ∼130 proteins. Incorporation of different sialic acid variants in both N- and O-linked glycans was observed, and the importance of using both collisional activation and electron transfer dissociation for glycopeptide analysis was illustrated. The N-glycan structures of predicted lysosomal, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secreted and transmembrane proteins were compared. The data suggest that protein N-glycosylation differs depending on cellular location. The glycosylation patterns of several mouse liver and mouse brain glycopeptides were compared. Tissue-specific differences in glycosylation were observed between sites within the same protein: Some sites displayed a similar spectrum of glycan structures in both tissues, whereas for others no overlap was observed. We present comparative brain/liver glycosylation data on 50 N-glycosylation sites from 34 proteins and 13 O-glycosylation sites from seven proteins.
Software Clustering using Hybrid Multi-Objective Black Hole Algorithm

Software clustering is the process of organizing software units into appropriate clusters so as to efficiently modularize complex program structure. In this paper, we investigate the use of hybrids of Black Hole algorithm (developed using weighted aggregation, auxiliary archive and Genetic Algorithm) to optimize multiple objectives for clustering of android mobile applications. It is empirically and statistically observed that multi-objective Black Hole algorithm when improved using Genetic Algorithm and auxiliary archive outperforms Two-Archive algorithm and its counterparts. Keywordsbio-inspired algorithm, edgesim, nature-inspired algorithm, serach based software engineering, software clsutering