Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between naturalist intelligence with environmental attitude

This study aimed to describe the relationship between naturalist intelligence and environmental attitude among junior high school students in Bandar Lampung. To reach the aim, the design of this study was descriptive with a correlation study. The population in this study was 7th-grade students in three different schools totalling 630 students. The sample was determined by purposive sampling techniques with 210 students. Naturalist intelligence and environmental attitude data were obtained from the questionnaire. Data on naturalist intelligence and environmental care attitudes were analyzed descriptively by processing the results of questionnaires of naturalist intelligence and environmental care attitude to determine the number of scores in general and the number of scores for each component, then determined by category and statistical analysis. Data were analyzed descriptively and using simple linear regression method. The result of this research shows that the relationship between naturalist intelligence and environmental attitude were categorized as moderate (R= 0.580) with a significant relationship. The contribution of naturalist intelligence to environmental attitude was small. Thus, naturalist intelligence and environmental attitude mostly determined by other factors. Naturalist intelligence and environmental attitude should be mutually supportive because someone who has an environmental attitude will take environmental preservation actions.This study aimed to describe the relationship between naturalist intelligence and environmental attitude among junior high school students in Bandar Lampung. To reach the aim, the design of this study was descriptive with a correlation study. The population in this study was 7th-grade students in three different schools totalling 630 students. The sample was determined by purposive sampling techniques with 210 students. Naturalist intelligence and environmental attitude data were obtained from the questionnaire. Data on naturalist intelligence and environmental care attitudes were analyzed descriptively by processing the results of questionnaires of naturalist intelligence and environmental care attitude to determine the number of scores in general and the number of scores for each component, then determined by category and statistical analysis. Data were analyzed descriptively and using simple linear regression method. The result of this research shows that the relationship between naturalist intelligenc.
THE (IN)STABILITY OF GRAMMARS

Since the inception of generative grammar, linguists have sought to achieve a more refined understanding of the underlying universals of the cognitive underpinnings associated with the human language faculty. Concomitant research over the past 60 years has led to a refined understanding of representations of linguistic knowledge, a.k. a. Ilanguage, and the computational operations responsible for deriving them. Integrating bi/multilingual grammars into this research paradigm is accompanied with unique challenges, primarily due to the wealth of experimental evidence in support of the integrated nature of bi/multilingual grammar and cognition (see Putnam, Carlson, & Reitter, 2018 for a review of this literature). It has become common practice to describe the nature and quality of representations originating from bilingual grammars, especially those that are associated with the “weaker” grammar (in the case of sequential bilinguals), in comparison with monolingual controls. Such comparisons presuppose that monolingual grammars represent a preestablished standard, or at the very least a general standard of comparison, against which we can measure the quality of representations in bi/multilingual grammars. This view falls prey to what Cook (2016), de Bot (2016), and others have labeled as the “monolingual bias” that permeates research on bi/multilingual language competence. Two of the primary tenets of this fallacy are that (a) “there are separate language systems that have an impact on each other” and (b) “language exists as stable entities in our brain” (ibid., p. 133). In their Critical Commentary, Domı́nguez, Hicks, and Slabakova (2019) make the case for the validity of employing the term incomplete acquisition as apt in describing the state of grammars that “can arise when input conditions change during the course of acquisition. and that change impacts upon the overall pattern of acquisition and resulting grammar” (p. 242). In spite of the high usage of this term in analyses of “weaker” bilingual grammars, such extreme cases of reduced linguistic capacity (i.e., incomplete acquisition) represent rare exceptions, even in elderly speakers of moribund heritage languages (see Bousquette & Putnam, 2019). The (working) definition of incomplete acquisition introduced by Domı́nguez et al.
A systematic review of questionnaires on itch by the Special Interest Group “Questionnaires” of the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI)

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Introduction: Itch can be perceived differently across patients and it can affect daily life in various ways. It is essential to assess those aspects that are relevant for the individual patient’s needs to improve treatment of patients suffering from acute or chronic itch. The International Forum for the Study on Itch (IFSI) Special Interest Group on “Questionnaires” aims to propose tools to assess different dimensions of itch and improve patient care. As a first step, this study aimed at a systematically reviewing existing patients’ self-report questionnaires on itch. Materials and methods: The databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were systematically searched for any scientific publication describing patients’ self-report questionnaires that assess itch-related information (≥2 items). Information about the publication was extracted by 2 experts as well as which of the 14 predefined dimensions of itch (by the IFSI Special Interest Group) were assessed within the questionnaire, for instance, duration of itch, itch aggravating or relieving factors, and effects on quality of life. Results: From a total of 5282 records, 58 articles were derived describing 62 questionnaires. Over half of the questionnaires were developed for dermatological conditions, and the vast majority targeted at adults. Most questionnaires address itch-related disability and itch intensity. Affective qualities of itch, coping with itch, response to current itch treatment, and the opinion on the origin of itch are infrequently asked for. Discussion: The number and content of the items within a dimension vary greatly. Measurement properties of the questionnaires were not systematically addressed, as these were often not reported in the original publication. Future research should focus on selecting adequate and reliable (sub)scales to develop a modular questionnaire system in order to uniformly assess the individual patient’s demands and improve care.
Maximizing the Student Teaching Experience: Cooperating Teachers Share Strategies for Success

This article critically examines the results of a survey completed by fifty-seven cooperating teachers from nine different school districts in the greater Philadelphia area. All of the cooperating teachers had welcomed elementary education student teachers into their classrooms. Strategies used to help alleviate student teachers’ fears and concerns related to their student teaching experience are shared and explored. Findings suggest that teachers use a multitude of strategies to calm their student teachers and set them up for a successful student teaching semester. Cooperating teachers detailed the tasks needed to be accomplished BEFORE the beginning of the student teaching semester to ensure a smooth and successful experience. Detailed information stating when and how student teachers should assimilate into the classroom are provided, plus strategies such as observing, modeling, and journaling are noted as significant ways cooperating teachers can assist pre-service educators. Overall, this collection of strategies was compiled so all involved in the student teaching relationship (the students, student teacher, and cooperating teacher) experience a fulfilling and meaningful experience in the classroom. Implications for change and future research are provided.
Economic Integration and Agglomeration of Multinational Production with Transfer Pricing

Do low corporate taxes always favor multinational production in the course of economic integration? We build a two-country spatial model with different corporate tax rates in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) can manipulate transfer prices in intra-firm trade. Using transfer pricing, MNEs can shift profits between domestic production plants and foreign distribution affiliates. In the initial stage of integration, more MNEs locate their production plants in the low-tax country, and then in the later stage, this location pattern reverses. Contrary to conventional wisdom, high taxes may favor multinational production, which does not yet necessarily bring greater tax revenues. The results have implications for empirical studies and tax competition between unequal-sized countries.
Some Topics in Large Deviations Theory for Stochastic Dynamical Systems

JIANG CHEN: Some Topics in Large Deviations Theory for Stochastic Dynamical Systems (Under the direction of Amarjit Budhiraja) In this dissertation, we study large deviations problems for stochastic dynamical systems. First, we consider a family of Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDE) driven by a Poisson Random Measure (PRM) that are motivated by problems of chemical/pollutant dispersal. We established a Large Deviation Principle (LDP) for the long time profile of the chemical concentration using techniques based on variational representations for nonnegative functionals of general PRM. Second, we develop a LDP for small Poisson noise perturbations of a general class of deterministic infinite dimensional models. SPDEs driven by PRM have been proposed as models for many different physical systems. The approach taken here, which is based on variational representations, reduces the proof of the LDP to establishing basic qualitative properties for controlled analogues of the underlying stochastic system. Third, we study stochastic systems with two time scales. Such multiscale systems arise in many applications in engineering, operations research and biological and physical sciences. The models considered in this dissertation are usually referred to as systems with “full dependence”, which refers to the feature that the coefficients of both the slow and the fast processes depend on both variables. We establish a LDP for such systems with degenerate diffusion coefficients. The last part of this dissertation focuses on numerical schemes for computing invariant measures of reflected diffusions. Reflected diffusions in polyhedral domains are commonly used as approximate models for stochastic processing networks in heavy
Anti-System Parties

This book adopts an innovative conceptualization and analytical framework to the study of anti-system parties, and represents the first monograph ever published on the topic. It features empirical research using original data and combining large-N QCA analyses with a wide range of in-depth case studies from 18 Western European countries. The book adopts a party-centric approach to the study of anti-system formations by focusing on the major turning points faced by such actors after their initial success: long-term electoral sustainability, the different modalities of integration at the systemic level, and the electoral impact of transition to government. The author examines in particular the interplay between crucial elements of the internal supply-side of anti-system parties such as their organizational and ideological features, and the political opportunity structure. Anti-System Parties is a major contribution to the literature on populism, antiestablishment parties, and comparative political parties.
Spreading the gains? Prospects and policies for the development of regional value chains in Southern Africa

Regional integration is making steady progress in Africa and a key objective is to improve the prospects for industrialization by expanding the regional market. This paper draws on a combination of trade data analysis and industry case studies to better understand the links and synergies between regional value chains and regional integration.The trade data and case studies of three diverse sectors (apparel, food retailing, and automotive) demonstrate the expansion and diversity of regional trade and regional value chains in Southern Africa. This diverse composition of regional exports is suggestive of an opportunity to further enhance industrial development through intra-regional trade.The long-term sustainability of Southern African regionalism depends on the recognition of the importance of regional industrial policy that takes account of the dynamics driving global and regional value chains and facilitates regional linkages across all these sectors.
Growth performance and blood indices of broiler finisher birds fed enzyme-fortified (maxi grain) rice milling waste

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme fortified (Maxi grain) rice milling waste on the performance and blood indices of finisher broilers. The enzyme fortified (Maxi grain) rice milling waste was used to make broiler finisher diets at 0.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, and 15.0% inclusion levels, respectively. These were then used to raise groups of 30 broiler finishers in a completely randomized design (CRD) for 4 weeks (28 days). At the end of the 28 days feeding trial, 3 birds were selected from each group for blood indices evaluation. The average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake showed no treatment effect (P > 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 10% and 15% dietary levels. The feed cost per kg meat was lowest at 15.0% dietary levels. There were no treatment effect on all the haematological and some serum biochemical indices analysed. It was therefore concluded that enzyme fortified (Maxi grain) rice milling waste can serve as feed ingredient at 10% - 15% dietary levels due to cost effectiveness. Keywords: Performance, blood indices, broiler finisher, enzyme, rice milling waste
Benchmark on Themselves: Ceo-Directors’ Influence on the CEO Compensation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not the chief executive officers’ (CEO) compensation is affected by the compensation of the outside directors sitting on their board, who are also CEOs of other firms. Design/methodology/approach The authors collect CEOs’ and CEO-directors’ compensation data from Execucomp. The authors then match the CEO-directors’ compensation with appointing firms’ CEO compensation and financial statements, from Execucomp and Compustat, respectively. The sample contains 7,561 firm-year observations from 1996 to 2010, with 1,213 distinct S&P 1500 firms and 1,563 distinct CEO-directors. The authors use ordinary least squared method with firm and year fixed effect in most of the analysis. Findings With both annual and excess compensation, the authors find strong evidence that CEO-directors’ compensation is related to the compensation of the CEO. Causally, when CEO-director overturns his/her excess compensation from negative to positive, the CEO is more likely to have similar upward change in the following year, while more interestingly, the opposite does not hold. These findings are persistent over time and remain robust to various additional tests. Research limitations/implications Due to the data availability, this paper investigates the S&P 1500 public firms. Originality/value It is the first work that investigates the link between board members’ external compensation and the CEO’s compensation. This sheds new light on the process of the CEO’s compensation design, in regard to both the information being utilized in the design procedure and the CEO’s influence on his/her own compensation. Second, this paper adds additional evidence to the choice of peer groups in compensation construction. Third, the authors enhance the understanding of the role of CEO-directors. The authors show that CEO-directors may be the ally of CEO, and help in justifying CEO’s compensation, especially when underpaid.
Territorial threats and individual attitudes of leadership, corruption and quality of life

Many of our theories in political science about the nature of international conflict and the threats to democratic development make assumptions about the importance of individual-level attitudes under conditions of external threat. Citizens that feel that sense of salient threat from outside the state’s borders react in ways that lead to centralized states, autocracies, and even conflict between states. This conforms well with what we know from international relations research, as well as political behavior research. However, much of our analyses do not fully test these arguments. In international relations, individual-level attitudes are usually assumptions of broader arguments of development and conflict, for which the assumptions are affirmed in the outcomes that individuallevel attitudes are purported to explain. Political behavior research is more interested in the role of asymmetrical, or “normative”, threats that lead to a divergence of attitudes in society, and not the convergence of opinion that affect state development processes inside states and conflict processes between states. International relations scholarship and political behavior research overlap in important ways, but still have much to learn from each other. This dissertation fully incorporates international relations theories and political behavior scholarship through an assessment of how salient, external threats to the state affect individual-level political attitudes. Identifying territorial threats as a class of salient external threats, ex ante, I argue and demonstrate the effect these threats have on three distinct, though related, individuallevel attitudes. First, I show how territorial threat leads individuals to prefer strong state leaders, with few bounds on discretionary power. These threats routinely coincide with the emergence of state leaders, though the argument I advance is these threats lead individuals to prefer this type of leader. Second, I show the multifaceted effect of territorial disputes on individual-level subjective well-being, the so-called “ultimate dependent variable in social science. ” I find that citizens living under constant threat are unsurprisingly unhappy in general, which, I argue, is part of the
Algorithms for the Optimization of Quantum Circuits

This thesis investigates techniques for the automated optimization of quantum circuits. In the first part we develop an exponential time algorithm for synthesizing minimal depth quantum circuits. We combine this with effective heuristics for reducing the search space, and show how it can be extended to different optimization problems. We then use the algorithm to compute circuits over the Clifford group and T gate for many of the commonly used quantum gates, improving upon the former best known circuits in many cases. In the second part, we present a polynomial time algorithm for the re-synthesis of CNOT and T gate circuits while reducing the number of phase gates and parallelizing them. We then describe different methods for expanding this algorithm to optimize circuits over Clifford and T gates.
PCSP 1.0 Software for Partial Credit S-P Chart Analysis

S-P Chart Analysis is an effective method to diagnose the learning status of students and items quality. This method is very suitable for use in adaptive learning systems. However, it only handles dichotomous data without considering the test data of partial credit scoring. The main purpose of this study is to develop a tool for analyzing the test data of partial credit scoring according to S-P Chart Analysis method. First, the study proposed the Partial Credit S-P Chart Analysis. Then, the study developed the software to analyze partial credit data according to the method proposed. PCSP 1.0 software developed by this study can help the user to reduce the complex mathematical calculations and provide results accurately and quickly. The interaction between users and the software is very easy through a graphical user interface. PCSP 1.0 software handles not only dichotomous data but also partial credit data. This software is an actually useful tool for evaluating and diagnosing the achievement of students.
The Nonlinear Interaction between Monetary Policy and Financial Stress

This paper analyzes the nonlinear relationship between monetary policy and financial stress and its effects on the transmission of shocks to output. Results from a Bayesian Threshold Vector Autoregression (TVAR) model show that the effects of monetary policy shocks on output growth are stronger during normal times than during times of financial stress. Monetary policy shocks are effective to ease stressed financial conditions, but have limited ability to fully contain the buildup of vulnerabilities. These results have important policy implications for central banks’ countercyclical policies under different financial conditions and for “lean against the wind” policies to address financial vulnerabilities.
Is TANF Truly Accessible and Helpful? Victims’ Experiences With Domestic Violence Screening Under the Family Violence Option

This study explores the experiences of domestic violence victims with their Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) applications and the subsequent assessment processes in the state of Georgia, focusing on the conditions related to their disclosure of abuse and their postdisclosure experiences. This study interviewed five victims of domestic violence, four local victim advocates, and three nationally recognized experts regarding domestic violence screening in TANF programs using semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using grounded theory techniques. The findings showed that the participants perceived TANF application and assessment processes as (i) inaccessible and (ii) unhelpful, lacking special considerations for domestic violence victims. Conditions related to victims’ disclosure of abuse included (i) safety concerns, (ii) working relationships between local victim support agencies and TANF offices, (iii) a safe environment to disclose abuse, and (iv) advocacy. After disclosing their domestic violence history to their TANF caseworkers, the victims reported experiencing (i) a lack of continued assessment and support related to domestic violence and (ii) a compulsion to make final decisions regarding continuing or discontinuing their TANF applications. The current study contributes to the field of social work by providing a better understanding of how and to what extent victims of domestic violence are actually supported within the TANF system and by yielding practice and policy implications for effectively assisting the victims of domestic violence within the TANF system.
Board gender diversity and dividend policy in Australian listed firms: the effect of ownership concentration

We examine the association between board gender diversity and corporate dividend payout. Our results suggest that although board gender diversity impacts positively on dividend payments, this is only conspicuous in widely held firms. However, when ownership concentration is high, board gender diversity reduces dividend payments. We demonstrate that women directors have the greatest impact on dividend payments when there are three or more women on the board. Our results indicate that the financial crisis period was associated with high dividend payments; however, women directors restrained the payment of dividends during the crisis period. These results suggest that board gender diversity may be an effective CG mechanism for alleviating principal-agent conflicts but not principal-principal agency conflicts. Our results are robust to endogeneity, as well as alternative proxies and estimation techniques.