Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large Eddy Simulation of the Flow Around an Airfoil

Airfoil Condition Figure 1 shows the airfoil (the Aerospatiale A-profi le) that has been studied. The front part of the airfoil is called the leading edge and the rear part is the trailing edge. The chord of the airfoil, c, is the distance from the leading to the trailing edge. The upper side of an airfoil is called the suction side and the lower the pressure side. The angle of attack, α , is the angle between the chord line and the freestream velocity, U∞ . Measurements of this fl ow have been carried out in two wind tunnels, the F1 and F2 wind tunnels at Onera [1]. A range of fl ow data was collected in these experiments, at different Reynolds numbers and at different angels of attacks. However, the case studied in the LESFOIL project, was the 13.3°-case and based on the freestream velocity and the chord of the airfoil the Reynolds number, Rec = U∞c/ν , is equal to 2 million. The fl ow is subsonic with a freestream Mach number of 0.15. In both experiments the boundary layer was tripped at 30% of the chord on the pressure side. In Figure 2 experimental results of the lift and drag versus the angle of attack are shown. The dashed line marks the 13.3°-case and we see that the fl ow is near maximum lift and the airfoil is close to stall. Figure 1 Aerospatiale A-profi le.
Dynamic Analysis of Posture Profiles in Quiet Stance on Carpets through Fractional Brownian Motion

In this study we examine the dynamic characteristics of the center of pressure (COP) profiles in quiet stance on various carpets through the framework of fractional Brownian motion. Four different carpets plus the force platform (which served as a control floor) were tested. Six healthy young subjects stood stationary in bare feet on each flooring condition under both eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions. A stabilogram diffusion analysis (SDA) was conducted in both anteroposterior and mediolateral directions to extract the dynamic features of the COP profiles. Two approximately linear regions (short-versus long-term regions) were found for all of the flooring conditions in the double logarithmic plot of the mean-square displacements versus time intervals, implying that a two-stage control scheme exists in regulating the posture. In general, a more compliant carpet was found to be associated with a shorter transitional time interval and a lower H L value (Hurst coefficient in the long-term region) under the EO condition, but to be correlated with a higher H S (Hurst coefficient in the short-term region) and a higher H L under the EC condition. While the hard floor of the force platform significantly decreased H L from the EO to the EC conditions, the alteration of visual environments did not substantially influence H L for a compliant carpet.
Does Agglomeration Account for Process Innovation in Vietnamese Small and Medium Enterprises ?

Although small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the Vietnamese economy, this sector’s growth is hindered by low level of technology and innovation. This paper uses firm-level panel data to examine whether process innovation activities in SMEs are influenced by their industrial environments. It measures the effects that agglomeration, the geographic concentration of firms within the same locality, has on firms’ total outputs and their propensity to introduce new technology. Using a logistic model with firm fixed-effects, I find that agglomeration decreases outputs of informal firms and the likelihood of new technology introduction in all firms. However, there are evidence of positive lagged effects of agglomeration on innovation and heterogeneous effects across industries.
Succession from heather moorland to birch woodland. II : growth and competition between vaccinium myrtillus, deschampsia flexuosa and agrostis capillaris

SUMMARY (1) Vaccinium myrtillus, Deschampsia flexuosa and Agrostis capillaris are often successive dominants during succession from heather moorland to mature birch woodland. The effects of changes in light intensity and nutrient availability on the growth of and competition between these species are examined. (2) All species showed reduced growth when shaded; Vaccinium myrtillus was the least affected. (3) Both Deschampsia flexuosa and Agrostis capillaris showed strong positive growth responses to fertilizer addition, particularly in increased light. Vaccinium myrtillus showed a limited positive response. (4) Agrostis capillaris showed consistent competitive dominance over Deschampsia flexuosa, which showed consistent competitive dominance over Vaccinium myrtillus. (5) The results suggest that the timing of establishment of these species may be particularly important in determining their role in the succession from heather moorland to mature birch woodland.
Examining the Link Between Being a Victim of Bullying and Delinquency Trajectories Among an African American Sample

The purpose of the present study is to provide an analysis of the link between being a victim of bullying and delinquency trajectories. Using a sample of African Americans (n = 725), the results show that three distinct trajectory groups of delinquency are present in the data (low desisting, desisting, and high changing). Further, the results indicate that being a victim of bullying is relevant in distinguishing between these three delinquency groups net other controls (i.e., being male, marijuana use, gang membership, and poor parental support). These results are discussed in theoretical contexts.
Effect of different storage methods on nutritional quality of waterapple fruits (Syzygium javanica L.).

RAJKUMAR, P. and Das MITALI, 2009. Effect of different storage methods on nutritional quality of waterapple fruits (Syzygium javanica L.). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 15: 41-46 Waterapple (Syzygium javanica L) is one of the valuable minor fruits for its nutritional and economic importance. The marketability of this fruit is lost very rapidly after harvesting due to quick discoloration, desiccation as well as spoilage of fruits for its perishable nature. Cold storage is used to extend storage life of fruits and vegetables in many countries and sometimes, may show chilling injury of stored materials. For economically under-developed countries, it is necessary to find out a cheap and effective storage method to increase its shelflife by means of retarding the natural physiological deterioration and preventing the activity of decay organisms. The present study is concerned to standardize storage in polythene bags and wax emulsion coating as nonexpensive and easy method for extending the shelf life of waterapple without allowing quantitative changes in content of total sugar, reducing sugar and total titratable acids.
Physicochemical and rheological parameters changes for determining the quality of surimi and kamaboko produced by conventional, acid and alkaline solubilization process methods from common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia)

Physicochemical properties of surimi and kamaboko obtained of solubility in acid, alkaline and conventional methods were compared. The results indicated that the highest protein recovery was related to solubility in acid, alkaline and conventional methods, respectively. The highest removal of lipid and myoglobin was observed by solubility in alkali. Excretion of total pigment and sulfhydryl groups was not significantly different between solubility in alkali and acid methods. Whiteness of surimi prepared by acid method was more than the other two methods. Electrophoresis pattern in surimi produced by conventional method indicated loss of myofibril and sarcoplasmic proteins through the washing process. Solubility in acid and alkali methods showed myofibril proteins recovery along a part of the sarcoplasmic proteins and disintegration of myosin heavy chain. Physically, study of kamaboko showed that solubility in alkali generated features such as gel strength, expressible moisture, hardness, gumminess and elasticity was superior to the other two methods. About folding test and cohesiveness factor, there was no significant difference between solubility in alkali and conventional methods. In general, solubility in alkali method was better.
Regress and Progress! An Econometric Characterization of the Short-Run Relationship between Productivity and Labor Input in Brazil

What do technology shocks do? This is a hard question to answer. Real-Business-Cycle (RBC) models have provided a better understanding of the effects of technology shocks over business-cycle frequencies. Still, some problems remain. This paper addresses the empirical adequacy of first-generation RBC models through the use of structural vector autoregressions (SVAR) models. We employ an identification condition that imposes few a priori restrictions upon the data and is consistent with a broad class of macroeco- nomic models. Based on those conditions, we are able to obtain conditional correlation coefficients and impulse response functions that may be confronted with the theoretical implications of RBC models. We also report evidence related to short-run increasing returns to labor (SRIRL) in the Brazilian industry. Our results cast doubt on some RBC models’ main predictions. In particular, the estimated conditional correlations between labor input and productivity measures are negative for technology shocks and positive for non-technology shocks, with the labor input displaying a negative response to technol- ogy shocks over business-cycle horizons. These results are robust to several specification issues, such as sample instability and the consideration of higher-order systems during estimation.
The antibacterial biofilm activity of metal-doped mullite ceramics against pathogenic bacteria

Bacterial biofilms are densely packed microorganisms surrounded by secreted polymers responsible for many chronic infectious diseases as well as for contamination of clinical and industrial environments. The aim of this study was to assess the potential antimicrobial activity of zinc-, copper- and silver-doped mullite ceramics disks against biofilm producing clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis,Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also aimed to compare their effect in preventing the initial bacterial adhesion and the accumulation and maturation of biofilm on the disk surfaces. The antibacterial activities of the metal-doped mullites against biofilm were found dependent on mineral concentration and the incubation time. Silver-mullite disks showed high potential for controlling early and late biofilms against the studied microorganisms. Copper-mullite disks had exerted better activity in reducing theP. aeruginosa adherence and biofilm growth as compared with the Gram positive bacteria. However, these disks failed to show antibacterial activity against S. mutansplanktonic or biofilm grown after 24 h incubation. Interestingly, zinc-mullite disks enhanced the growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis in suspension or biofilm. Key words: Mullite ceramic, metal-doped mullite, bacterial adherence, biofilm.
Enhanced prediction of Phosphorylation and Disorder in Proteins

Over the years, many predictors of structural and functional properties of proteins have been developed on the basis that this information is encoded in the protein sequence. The fact that excellent prediction techniques are available has put the spotlight on the representation of the protein sequence i.e. the input features to these techniques. In this study, we focus on the structural properties of flexible regions and assess three specific conformational flexibility parameters (i) RSA Confidence that is readily available from our in-house secondary structure and solvent accessibility predictor, SABLE (ii) X-ray structure derived B-factors, which we enhance and (iii) NMR structure derived solvent accessibility standard deviations (SASDs), which is a feature we propose here. In the case of B-factors, a combination of PSSMs and real valued SS/RSA predictions, including RSA Confidence had been used to enhance its prediction. In the case of NMR SASDs we have presented a novel predictor that exploits the same feature set as B-factors. In each case, we have developed an epsilon-support vector regression (ǫ-SVR) model towards this. To our knowledge, the use of SASDs as input features and the development of a predictor for the same is novel. It has also been shown that it might be easier to predict SASDs as compared to B-factors. The three flexibility parameters were then applied to the prediction of conformational disorder as well as prediction of phosphorylation. In the case of disorder, we have shown through cross-validation on our training set, that the addition of RSA confidence to the input feature space, improves its prediction significantly and is further improved with the addition of B-factor and SASD predictions developed in this study. All the three parameters were then included in the final predictor, which gave the top performance on the CASP8 data set in terms of average accuracy and CASP weighted scores. Even the removal of an easy target (T0500) did not dislodge our predictor from giving the top weighted score. In the case of phosphorylation, we have shown that the addition of real-valued SS and RSA predictions significantly improve the prediction as evaluated by cross-validation on the training set and is further improved by addition of B-factors and SASDs together. Additionally, we present a comparison of oneand two-class support vector machines (SVMs) as applied to the prediction of phosphorylation. In the prediction of phosphorylation, the methods typically employ a two-class classification approach with the limitation that the set of negative examples used for training may include some sites that are simply unknown to be phosphorylated. While one-class classification techniques have been considered in the past as a solution to this problem, their performance has not been systematically compared to two-class techniques. In this study, we developed and compared oneand two-class SVM based predictors for several commonly used sets of attributes. [These predictors are being made available at http://sable.cchmc. org/]
Impacts of Alexandria's Heptastadion on coastal hydro‐sedimentary dynamics during the Hellenistic period: a numerical modelling approach

After its foundation in 331 BC, Alexandria was linked to the island of Pharos by the Heptastadion. The present study aims at understanding the impact of this building on the local water and sand dynamics. We used numerical models to compute the wind‐induced currents and sediment re‐suspension, comparatively without and in the presence of the Heptastadion. Results suggest that the Heptastadion was not only a link structure to reach the Pharos island, but a structure liable to reduce the sandy sediment dynamics in the eastern harbour, and then to protect the eastern harbour from infilling by the allochthonous sand drift. © 2006 The Authors
MHD model of the flapping motions in the magnetotail current sheet

[1] A new kind of magnetohydrodynamic waves is analyzed for a current sheet in the presence of a small normal magnetic field component (B z ) varying along the sheet. For the initial undisturbed state, a simplified model of the current sheet is considered with a Harris-like current density distribution across the sheet. Within the framework of this model, an analytical solution is obtained for the flapping-type wave oscillations and instability, related to the gradient of the normal magnetic field component along the current sheet. The flapping wave frequency is found to be a function of the wave number, which has an asymptotic saturation for large wave numbers. This frequency is pure real in a stable situation for the magnetotail current sheet, when the B z component increases toward Earth. The current sheet becomes unstable in some regions, where the B z component decreases locally toward Earth. In the stable region, the "kink"-like wave oscillations are calculated for an initial Gaussian perturbation localized to the center of the current sheet. The flapping wave propagations are analyzed for two cases: (1) the initial perturbation is fixed, and (2) the source is moving toward Earth. In the last case, the Mach cone is obtained for the propagating flapping waves. The source for the flapping waves is associated with the fast plasma flow originated from the reconnection region.
Experience of HIV-related stigma by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), based on gender: A case of PLWHA attending clinic in the Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Imo states, Nigeria

Stigma is a discrediting social label that changes the way an individual looks at himself and disqualifies him from full social acceptance. Related researches show that HIV-related stigma is universal, but the stigma experiences vary from person to person. This paper indentified four forms of stigma experience (internalized stigma, disclosure stigma, public attitude stigma and negative self image stigma); and measured them among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) based on gender. With a purposive sample of 1,552 HIV-positive persons comprising of PLWHA that attended clinic on the four clinic days and willingly completed and returned the questionnaire within the one month of collecting data. 626 of them, representing 40.3% were males while 926 representing 59.7% were females. A 40 item standard BergerStigma survey questionnaire was used. Data collected were scored and analyzed using t-test to get the mean score of stigma experience for each form of stigma at 5% level of significance. The male and female PLWHA experience the four forms of stigma (107.32 stigma mean score for females and 101.46 stigma mean score for males); but the females have higher mean scores of stigma experience than males in internalized stigma, disclosure and negative self image. Hence, there is a significant difference in stigma experience of PLWHA based on gender. Recommendations include gender sensitive antistigma programme, formation of female HIV-support groups, government policy to protect the rights of HIV positive women.
The Segal conjecture for topological Hochschild homology of complex cobordism

We study the Cp‐equivariant Tate construction on the topological Hochschild homology THH(B) of a symmetric ring spectrum B by relating it to a topological version R+(B) of the Singer construction, extended by a natural circle action. This enables us to prove that the fixed and homotopy fixed point spectra of THH(B) are p‐adically equivalent for B=MU and BP. This generalizes the classical Cp‐equivariant Segal conjecture, which corresponds to the case B=S.
Optimisation of high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction of anthocyanins from rabbiteye blueberry pomace

Zhang H. , Ma Y. (2017): Optimisation of high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction of anthocyanins from rabbiteye blueberry pomace. Czech J. Food Sci., 35: 180–187. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction (HHPE) on the anthocyanins from blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) pomace. From the Plackett-Burman Experimental Design (PBD), only the liquid-solid ratio, ethanol concentration, and extraction pressure were found to significantly affect the extraction yield of anthocyanin content. Hence, the outcome of Box-Behnken Design suggested that the optimal operating conditions of the HHPE for the yield of anthocyanin content were liquid-solid ratio 41 ml/g, ethanol concentration 63%, and extraction pressure 443 MPa. At these conditions, 107.9 mg/100 g anthocyanins was obtained, which was more than by the control extraction (67.63 mg/100 g). 10 anthocyanins were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS, malvidin3-galactoside and malvidin-3-glucoside were the major anthocyanins.
Vacuum ultraviolet of hydrogenated amorphous carbons - II. Small hydrocarbons production in Photon Dominated Regions

Context. Hydrogenated amorphous carbons (a–C:H) are a major component of the carbonaceous solids present in the interstellar medium. The production and existence of these grains is connected in particular with the balance between their photolysis, radiolysis, and hydrogenation. During grain processing, H2 and other small organic molecules, radicals, and fragments are released into the gas phase. Aims. We perform photolytic experiments on laboratory produced interstellar a–C:H analogues to monitor and quantify the release of species and compare to relevant observations in the interstellar medium. Methods. Hydrogenated amorphous carbon analogues at low temperature are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) photons, under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The species produced are monitored using mass spectrometry and post irradiation temperature-programmed desorption. Additional experiments are performed using deuterated analogues and the species produced are unambiguously separated from background contributions. We implement the laboratory measured yields for the released species in a time dependent model to investigate the effect of the UV photon irradiation of hydrogenated amorphous carbons in a photon dominated region, and estimate the associated time scale. Results. The UV photolysis of hydrogenated amorphous carbons leads to the production of H2 molecules and small hydrocarbons. The model shows that the photolytic evolution of a–C:Hs in photon dominated regions, such as the Horsehead Nebula, can raise the abundance of carbonaceous molecules by several orders of magnitude at intermediate visual extinctions, i.e., after the C maximum and before the dense cloud conditions prevail where models generally show a minimum abundance for such carbonaceous species. The injection time peak ranges from a thousand to ten thousand years in the models, considering only the destruction of such grains and no re-hydrogenation. This time scale is consistent with the estimated advection front of a photon dominated region, which replenishes it with freshly exposed material.
Nutritional vulnerability of early zoea larvae of the crab Maja brachydactyla (Brachyura, Majidae)

We investigated the nutritional vulnerability of Zoeae I of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla in experimental treatments with differential periods of starvation. As response vari- ables, the moulting and survival rates, the point-of-reserve-saturation (PRS), the point-of-no- return (PNR), dry mass, elemental composition (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen; CHN), hepatopan- creas lipid vacuoles and activities of digestive enzymes were measured. Average median time spans when 50% of the larvae reached PNR or PRS (PNR50 and PRS50) values were 2.8 and 1.9 d, respectively. In PNR treatments, complete mortality occurred only after extended initial starvation periods of ≥5 d, and in PRS treatments, Zoeae I were capable of completing the moulting cycle after a short initial feeding period (1 d). In continuously starved control larvae, the moulting cycle was arrested at the onset of apolysis. Concomitantly, considerable amounts of biomass were lost and the C:N ratio decreased, indicating lipid degradation during starvation. This effect was also microscopically visible as a decline of lipid vacuoles in the hepatopancreas. Feeding after previ- ous starvation periods of <7 d resulted in a re-establishment of the lipid vacuoles, indicating suc- cessful capture and ingestion of food, but this did not necessarily allow for completing the moult- ing cycle. In fed Zoea I larvae, digestive enzyme activities increased during the moulting cycle, while a significant decrease of enzyme activities occurred under starvation conditions. In newly moulted Zoeae II, biomass values and enzyme activities were linearly correlated with the duration of the feeding periods in Zoeae I. This study shows that biomass, elemental composition, the occurrence of lipid vacuoles in the hepatopancreas and activities of digestive enzymes are suitable indicators of the nutritional condition of early zoeal stages of M. brachydactyla.