Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Interest Point Descriptors on Hyperspectral Images

Interest point descriptors (e.g. Scale Invariant Feature Transform, SIFT or Speeded-Up Robust Features, SURF) are often used both for classic image processing tasks (e.g. mosaic generation) or higher level machine learning tasks (e.g. segmentation or classification). Hyperspectral images are recently gaining popularity as a potent data source for scene analysis, material identification, anomaly detection or process state estimation. The structure of hyperspectral images is much more complex than traditional color or monochrome images, as they comprise of a large number of bands, each corresponding to a narrow range of frequencies. Because of varying image properties across bands, the application of interest point descriptors to them is not straightforward. To the best of our knowledge, there has been, to date, no study of performance of interest point descriptors on hyperspectral images that simultaneously integrate a number of methods and use a dataset with significant geometric transformations. Here, we study four popular methods (SIFT, SURF, BRISK, ORB) applied to complex scene recorded from several viewpoints. We presents experimental results by observing how well the methods estimate the 3D cameras’ positions, which we propose as a general performance measure.
Factors Affecting the Outcome of Conjugal Bereavement

Following the classic study of Lindemann (1944) on the various forms and possible outcomes of the reaction to bereavement, little systematic work was done in this field until the last decade. Marris (1958), in a thoughtful but uncontrolled study, interviewed 72 widows whose husbands had died at least 11 months earlier, the mean lapse of time between bereavement and interview being two years and two months. Only 14 of his subjects considered themselves to have recovered completely; 31 reported a lasting deterioration in their health, and 57 reported a continuing difficulty with sleep. More recently, Parkes (1964a), in a study of patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital, has demonstrated that the number of patients whose illness followed the death of a spouse was six times greater than expected, suggesting that bereavement must be one causative factor in the development of the illness. He has also shown (Parkes, 1964b) that widows under the age of 65 consulted their general practitioner because of psychiatric symptoms more than three times as frequently during the six months after the bereavement than they had done during a control period prior to the bereavement. The consultation rate for non-psychiatric symptoms increased by nearly a half in both older and younger widows.
Ischemic preconditioning improves liver regeneration by sustaining energy metabolism after partial hepatectomy under ischemia in rats

Abstract: Background: The protective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been reported on improvement of survival, reduction of liver necrosis and enhancement of the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy. This study was undertaken to confirm that IPC has a significant impact on regeneration of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in ischemically damaged liver. In addition, we sought to examine the role of adenine nucleotides in this process.
Interruption and Discontinuation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Objective:Identify the determinants and consequences of interrupting and discontinuing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among a population-based cohort of HIV-infected men. Methods:Longitudinal analyses were applied to 2916 person-visit pairs (589 men) of continuous HAART use, 243 person-visit pairs (154 men) during which HAART was interrupted, and 151 person-visit pairs (130 men) in which HAART was discontinued by the second visit. HIV RNA increase was defined as ≥1 log10 copies/mL across the visit pairs. Results:Younger age, black race, geographic location, higher HIV RNA level, depression, shorter time on HAART, lower medication adherence, and not taking a lamivudine-containing regimen predicted interrupting HAART use. Younger age, higher HIV RNA level, depression, and taking an abacavir- or lopinavir-containing regimen predicted discontinuing HAART. Among men with ≤1000 HIV RNA copies/mL, approximately 5% of those who interrupted HAART for ≤7 days and those who continued HAART had an HIV RNA increase. Men with longer interruptions and HAART discontinuers had significantly higher rates of HIV RNA increases (35.7% and 70.5%, respectively). Discontinuation and long interruptions resulted in lower CD4 cell counts. Conclusions:Host characteristics play a role in short interruptions, whereas longer interruptions may be clinically indicated. These longer stoppages had further virologic and immunologic consequences, however.
Influence of Habitat Structure and Resource Availability on the Movements of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

ABSTRACT Habitat structure and resources availability may differentially influence movement between habitat patches. We examined fly movement decisions (stay or leave) at the scale of individual trees by measuring the response of marked Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) to sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium) that were manipulated by changing the shape of the tree (structure treatment = normal or reduced) and the fruit load (fruit treatment = augmented, normal, or reduced). More than 600 observations were made at two field sites that differed in the average inter-tree distance: Senger site, 10.1 ± 4.5 m; Tuemp site, 29.0 ± 19.3 m. At the Senger site, flies were resighted most often in the normal structure-augmented fruit trees. At the Tuemp site, however, there were fewer transfers between trees, unusual tree preferences, and significant treatment interaction terms. Using a first principles diffusion model of attraction and by varying fly perceptual range to limit tree choice, we generated unusual tree preferences based on differential attraction to individual trees. Our results suggest that manipulating tree attractiveness may be a viable pest management strategy for closely spaced trees but not for dispersed trees. Further study into the relationship between the spatial arrangement of trees and the flies' ability to detect specific tree characteristics is warranted.
The estimation of admixture in racial hybrids

When a racial hybrid population has arisen from the intermarriage of two or more parental populations, a problem of interest is to determine what the relative contributions are from each parental population to the hybrid. Various distance measures have been proposed whereby, on the basis of several traits, the distance between the hybrid and each of the parental populations can be estimated; these distances are then sometimes interpreted, as a first approximation, as being inversely proportional to the parental contributions (Pollitzer, 1964). In the particular case that all the traits considered are discrete in nature and each is determined by alleles at a single locus (or system of tightly linked loci), it is possible to estimate the parental contributions more directly. It is the purpose of this paper to reconsider two main methods of doing this when the traits involved are determined by a random set of independently assorting loci. Roberts & Hiorns (1962, 1965) proposed a least-squares solution to the problem, and Krieger et al. (1965) gave a maximum-likelihood solution. Both methods, as given by these authors, can be improved. We shall here restate both methods, using a common notation, and point out the improvements possible ; furthermore, some results of using these methods will also be presented, so that the methods may be compared empirically.
Ethnic-Specific Differences in Bronchodilator Responsiveness Among African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans with Asthma

Socioeconomic and environmental differences do not fully explain differences in asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality among Puerto Ricans, African Americans, and Mexican Americans. Differences in response to albuterol may be a factor. We compared bronchodilator responsiveness between these three populations. All groups demonstrated below expected responsiveness. Puerto Ricans of all ages and African American children with moderate-to-severe asthma demonstrated the lowest responsiveness overall. Among subjects with moderate-to-severe asthma, children were even less likely than adults to show the expected bronchodilator response. We conclude that ethnic-specific differences in bronchodilator drug responsiveness exist between Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and African Americans with asthma. This may be of importance in asthma management.
Effect of Isolated Talocalcaneal Fusion on Contact in the Ankle and Talonavicular Joints

A cadaveric model was developed to establish the articular contact area and load distribution in the ankle joint, posterior facet of the talocalcaneal joint, and talonavicular joint using pressure sensitive film. Positions of dorsiflexion, neutral, and plantarflexion were evaluated. This model was further used to determine the effect of talocalcaneal fusion on the articular contact area in the talonavicular and ankle joints. Alteration of articular contact was most pronounced in the talonavicular joint. There, a statistically significant reduction in contact area postfusion was noted when the foot was in the plantarflexed position. Reductions in ankle joint articular contact area were observed in the dorsiflexed and plantarflexed positions in the majority of specimens. Lateral displacement of the region of articular contact was noted in some specimens. A pressure-weighted centroid calculation was performed to provide a quantitative measure of the shift of the contact region.
THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND LABORATORY ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS. IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK EVALUATION AND DECISION PROCESSES

THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND LABORATORY ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS. IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK EVALUATION AND DECISION PROCESSES - Jacob I. Fabrikant, M.D., Ph.D.3 Biology and Medicine Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California, Berkeley^ and Department of Radiology University of California School of Medicine San Francisco Presented as Invited Speaker, Rapporteur, Se minaire des Evaluations des Risques et Processus de Decision, National Academy of Sciences- National Research Council (USA) and Mouvement Universel de la Responsabilite Scientifique-Academie Francaise (Paris), Orsay, France, 17-19 December 1980. Research supported by the Office of Health and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48 and the Environmental Protection Agency. Professor of Radiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco. Mailing Address: Donner Laboratory, University of C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. w ra| VRHH $ T n
A Statistical Forecast Model of Tropical Intraseasonal Convective Anomalies

Abstract Tropical intraseasonal convective anomalies (TICAs) play a significant role in the coupled ocean–atmosphere system and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the primary mode of this variability. This study describes statistical forecast models of intraseasonal variations. Twenty-four years of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and zonal components of the wind at 200 (U200) and 850 hPa (U850) are used. The models use the principal components (PCs) of combined EOF analysis of 20–90-day anomalies of OLR, U200, and U850 data. Forecast models are developed for each lead time from 1 to 10 pentads and for winter and summer seasons separately. The forecast models use a combination of the five most recent pentad values of the first five PCs of the combined EOF of (OLR, U200, U850) to predict the future values of a given PCK (k = 1, 5). The spatial structures are obtained by reconstructing the fields of OLR, U200, and U850 using the forecasts of PCK (k = 1, 5) and the associated EOFs. Verification with ind.
A Haplotype Similarity Based Transmission/Disequilibrium Test under Founder Heterogeneity

Taking advantage of increasingly available high‐density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers across the genome, various types of transmission/disequilibrium tests (TDT) using haplotype information have been developed. A practical challenge arising in such studies is the possibility that transmitted haplotypes have inherited disease‐causing mutations from different ancestral chromosomes, or do not bear any disease‐causing mutations (founder heterogeneity). To reduce the loss of signal strength due to founder heterogeneity, we propose an SP‐TDT test that combines a sequential peeling procedure with the haplotype similarity based TDT method. The proposed SP‐TDT method is applicable to any size of nuclear family with or without ambiguous phase information. Simulation studies suggest that the SP‐TDT method has the correct type I error rate in stratified populations, and enhanced power compared with some existing haplotype similarity based TDT methods. Finally, we apply the proposed method to study the association of the leptin gene with obesity from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.
BEDSIDE TRACHEOSTOMY : ROUTINE PROCEDURE FOR PATIENTS UNDER PROLONGED MECHANICAL VENTILATION

1Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School Thoracic Surgery São Paulo/SP, Brazil. 2Hospital 9 de Julho Thoracic Surgery 3Hospital Santa Paula Thoracic Surgery 4Hospital Santa Virgínia Thoracic Surgery 5Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas Thoracic Surgery Email: rmterra@uol.com. br Received for publication on January 25, 2007 Accepted for publication on April 23, 2007 OPEN BEDSIDE TRACHEOSTOMY: ROUTINE PROCEDURE FOR PATIENTS UNDER PROLONGED MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Illness Perceptions About Asthma Are Determinants of Outcome

This article reviews an emerging area of research on patients with asthma: namely, illness perceptions and their relationships with various aspects of outcome. The article briefly introduces the Common Sense Model, outlining the relevance of how “lay” patients conceptualize symptoms, illness, and treatment. On the basis of a comprehensive literature search, nine empirical studies illustrating the relationships between illness perceptions and outcomes are discussed. It is concluded that further research should focus on assessing asthma-specific illness and treatment beliefs. Also, given the effects of intervention studies in illness perceptions in other patient categories, it is recommended that serious consideration be given to intervention studies focusing on eliciting and changing illness perceptions in asthma patients, especially in those whose self-management seems to be inadequate.
Tribology of Diamond, Diamond-like Carbon and Related Films

Diamond, diamond-like carbon (DLC), and other related materials (i.e., carbon nitride and cubic boron nitride [CBN]) are some of the hardest materials known and offer several other outstanding properties, such as high mechanical strength, chemical inertness, and very attractive friction and wear properties, that make them good prospects for a wide range of tribological applications, including rolling and sliding bearings, machining, mechanical seals, biomedical implants, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), etc. The dry sliding friction and wear coefficients of these materials are among the lowest recorded to date (Brookes and Brookes, 1991; Feng and Field, 1991; Field, 1992; Miyoshi, 1995; Erdemir, 2001a,b). In fact, if they were inexpensive and readily available, they would undoubtedly be the materials of choice for a wide range of applications. Besides their exceptional mechanical and tribological properties, most of these superhard materials offer broad optical transparency, high refractive index, wide bandgap, low or negative electron affinity, transparency to light from deep UV through visible to far infrared, excellent thermal conductivity, and extremely low thermal expansion. Briefly, these exceptional qualities make diamond, DLC, and other related materials ideal for numerous industrial applications in addition to tribology. Ali Erdemir Argonne National Laboratory
Optimal Obnoxious Paths on a Network: Transportation of Hazardous Materials

This paper considers the problem of determining optimal paths for routing an undesirable vehicle on a network embedded on an Euclidean plane. A typical application is the transporting of hazardous materials. Demand points, or population centers, are discretely distributed at nodes and continuously distributed on straight-line links of the network. The objective is to find, without incorporating the probability of accidental leakage of hazardous material, a path that minimizes the weighted sum of lengths over which this vehicle is within a threshold distance λ of population centers. By appropriately redefining link lengths, we can use a shortest-path algorithm to solve the problem. Special properties of the objective function allow us to efficiently calculate the modified link lengths. We discuss the properties of the optimal routing strategy and the objective value, and offer an economic interpretation of the case when λ varies. Operating within the framework of risk analysis, we integrate the probability.
Analysis of Seismic Body Waves Excited by the Mount St. Helens Eruption of May 18, 1980

Seismic body waves which were excited by the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens and recorded by the Global Digital Seismographic Network stations are analyzed to determine the nature and the time sequence of the events associated with the eruption. The polarity of teleseismic p waves (period ∼20s) is identical at six stations, which are distributed over a wide azimuthal range. This observation, together with a very small S to P amplitude ratio (at 20 s), suggests that the source is a nearly vertical single force. A simple model shows that for seismic radiation a volcanic eruption can be represented by a single force applied in the direction opposite to the blast direction. The time history of the vertical force suggests two distinct groups of events, about 2 min apart, each consisting of several subevents with a duration of about 25 s. The magnitude of the force is approximately 2.6×10^(12) N. This vertical force is in contrast with the long-period (∼150 s) southward horizontal single force which has been determined by a previous study and interpreted to be due to the massive landslide. An M_s = 5.2 earthquake initiated the eruption sequence. The direction of the P wave first motion of this event observed at two nearby stations is consistent with the radiation pattern expected for the landslide and suggests that it represents the onset of the landslide. The ground motions observed at station LON (Δ = 67 km) are dominated by Rayleigh waves (i.e., Lamb pulse) and provide tight constraints on the time sequence of the events.
Norms for Brain Stem : A morphometric MRI Based Study

Many neuroanatomical studies of normal brain character have been reported. The brain stem is the most important anatomical structure in the posterior fossa . Investigations of aging effects on the brain stem is important, in order to understand normal aging process. Sex differences in brain stem neuroanatomy have been observed in several studies.In the current study, the objectives were to study the sex differences and the agerelated morphological changes of the brain stem on mid-sagittal MRIs. According to radiologists’ reports, midsagittal MRIs of 275 normal individuals were evaluated in this study. Mean age: 36.33±23.75 years old (max=91.00years, min=1.00 year). There were 126 males and 149 females. By measuring the brain stem, (mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata) results were saved in the computer. Calculation of all regions was performed in the screen monitor of MRI machine and the collected data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS software programme version 16. Students’s t-test was applied for gender comparisons. To determine the associations between age and measurements, person correlation coefficients were calculated. Norms for brain stem were established. No significant gender difference was recorded in the brain stem favoring midbrain (p<0.088) ,pons (p˂0.940) and medulla oblongata(p˂0.485). A-significant age-associated reduction in brain stem compartments was found at p˂0.000 for mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata diameters. The normal ranges given in this study can be used for assessment of changes in cases that believed to have neurodegenerative disorders.
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein: Atherogenic and Proinflammatory Characteristics during Macrophage Foam Cell Formation. An Inhibitory Role for Nutritional Antioxidants and Serum Paraoxonase

Abstract Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are of major importance in atherogenesis because they stimulate oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)-induced macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation, the hallmark of early atherosclerosis. Under oxidative stress, both blood monocytes and plasma lipoproteins invade the arterial wall, where they are exposed to atherogenic modifications. Oxidative stress stimulates endothelial secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), leading to monocyte adhesion and differentiation, respectively. LDL binds to extracellular matrix (ECM secreted by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages) proteoglycans, in a process that contributes to the enhanced susceptibility of the lipoprotein to oxidation by arterial wall macrophages. ECM-retained Ox-LDL is taken up by activated macrophages via their scavenger receptors. This leads to cellular cholesterol accumulation and enhanced atherogenesis. Protection of LDL against oxidation by antioxidants that can act directly on the LDL, or indirectly on the cellular oxidative machinery, or conversion of Ox-LDL to a non-atherogenic particle by HDL-associated paraoxonase (PON-1), can contribute to attenuation of atherosclerosis.