Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphometric study of the spinal cord in foetuses of diabetic pregnancies

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on the foetal spinal cord. Sixteen adult female rats were divided into two equal groups. Diabetes was induced in one group by alloxan. Both groups became pregnant by natural mating. At days 17, 18, 19 and 20 of pregnancy, the spinal cord was collected from the foetuses of all rats, and the body mass and number of foetuses were also measured. Various histological parameters were determined using routine histological techniques. The results revealed a decrease in the transverse diameter of the spinal cord, the transverse diameter of central canal, the number of cells in the white and gray matters and an increase in the vertical diameter of the spinal cord and the vertical diameter of the central canal in the foetuses of diabetic mothers (FDM) as compared to the control group. The body mass of FDM was signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the control and the number of foetuses in FDM was signifi cantly (P<0.05) lower than the control. Maternal hyperglycaemia exhibited deleterious effects on the spinal cord during foetal life, which affected the shape, structure and cell number of the spinal cord.
Extranodal lymphomas : pathology and management

As known, to finish this book, you may not need to get it at once in a day. Doing the activities along the day may make you feel so bored. If you try to force reading, you may prefer to do other entertaining activities. But, one of concepts we want you to have this book is that it will not make you feel bored. Feeling bored when reading will be only unless you don't like the book. extranodal lymphomas pathology and management really offers what everybody wants.
Tumor venéreo transmissível canino: critérios citológicos de malignidade e caracterização citomorfológica correlacionada a imunocitoquímica e lesões de DNA

AMARAL, A.S. Transmissible venereal tumor: cytological criteria of malignancy, and cytomorphological characterization correlated with DNA damage and immunocytochemistry. Botucatu, 2005. 228p. Tese de Doutorado (Doutorado em Medicina Veterinária) – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista.
Surprisingly Strong K-band Emission Found in Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

We examine the near-infrared (NIR) emission from low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). Our galaxy sample includes 15 objects with detected 2–10 keV X-ray emission, dynamical black hole mass estimates from the literature, and available Gemini/NIFS integral field spectroscopy data. We find evidence for red continuum components at the center of most galaxies, consistent with the hot dust emission seen in higher-luminosity AGNs. We decompose the spectral data cubes into a stellar and continuum component, assuming the continuum component comes from thermal emission from hot dust. We detect nuclear thermal emission in 14 out of 15 objects. This emission causes weaker CO absorption lines and redder continuum (2.05–2.28 μm) in our K-band data, as expected from hot dust around an AGN. The NIR emission is clearly correlated with the 2–10 keV X-ray flux, with a Spearman coefficient of rspearman = 0.69 suggesting a >99% significance of correlation, providing further evidence of an AGN origin. Our sample has typical X-ray and NIR fluxes 3–4 orders of magnitude less luminous than previous work studying the NIR emission from AGNs. We find that the ratio of NIR to X-ray emission increases toward lower Eddington ratios. The NIR emission in our sample is often brighter than the X-ray emission, with our K-band AGN luminosities comparable to or greater than the 2–10 keV X-ray luminosities in all objects with Eddington ratios below 0.01%. The nature of this LLAGN NIR emission remains unclear, with one possibility being an increased contribution from jet emission at these low luminosities. These observations suggest the James Webb Space Telescope will be a useful tool for detecting the lowest-luminosity AGNs.
BasketballGAN: Generating Basketball Play Simulation Through Sketching

We present a data-driven basketball set play simulation. Given an offensive set play sketch, our method simulates potential scenarios that may occur in the game. The simulation provides coaches and players with insights on how a given set play can be executed. To achieve the goal, we train a conditional adversarial network on NBA movement data to imitate the behaviors of how players move around the court through two major components: a generator that learns to generate natural player movements based on a latent noise and a user sketched set play; and a discriminator that is used to evaluate the realism of the basketball play. To improve the quality of simulation, we minimize 1. ) a dribbler loss to prevent the ball from drifting away from the dribbler; 2. ) a defender loss to prevent the dribbler from not being defended; 3. ) a ball passing loss to ensure the straightness of passing trajectories; and 4) an acceleration loss to minimize unnecessary players' movements. To evaluate our system, we objectively compared real and simulated basketball set plays. Besides, a subjective test was conducted to judge whether a set play was real or generated by our network. On average, the mean correct rates to the binary tests were 56.17 %. Experiment results and the evaluations demonstrated the effectiveness of our system.
Learning Spatial Awareness to Improve Crowd Counting

The aim of crowd counting is to estimate the number of people in images by leveraging the annotation of center positions for pedestrians' heads. Promising progresses have been made with the prevalence of deep Convolutional Neural Networks. Existing methods widely employ the Euclidean distance (i.e., $L_2$ loss) to optimize the model, which, however, has two main drawbacks: (1) the loss has difficulty in learning the spatial awareness (i.e., the position of head) since it struggles to retain the high-frequency variation in the density map, and (2) the loss is highly sensitive to various noises in crowd counting, such as the zero-mean noise, head size changes, and occlusions. Although the Maximum Excess over SubArrays (MESA) loss has been previously proposed by~\cite{nips-10} to address the above issues by finding the rectangular subregion whose predicted density map has the maximum difference from the ground truth, it cannot be solved by gradient descent, thus can hardly be integrated into the deep learning framework. In this paper, we present a novel architecture called SPatial Awareness Network (SPANet) to incorporate spatial context for crowd counting. The Maximum Excess over Pixels (MEP) loss is proposed to achieve this by finding the pixel-level subregion with high discrepancy to the ground truth. To this end, we devise a weakly supervised learning scheme to generate such region with a multi-branch architecture. The proposed framework can be integrated into existing deep crowd counting methods and is end-to-end trainable. Extensive experiments on four challenging benchmarks show that our method can significantly improve the performance of baselines. More remarkably, our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on all benchmark datasets.
An Experimental Proof that Resistance‐Switching Memory Cells are not Memristors

It has been suggested that all resistive‐switching memory cells are memristors. The latter are hypothetical, ideal devices whose resistance, as originally formulated, depends only on the net charge that traverses them. Recently, an unambiguous test has been proposed to determine whether a given physical system is indeed a memristor or not. Here, such a test is experimentally applied to both in‐house fabricated Cu‐SiO2 and commercially available electrochemical metallization cells. The results unambiguously show that electrochemical metallization memory cells are not memristors. Since the particular resistance‐switching memories employed in the study share similar features with many other memory cells, the findings refute the claim that all resistance‐switching memories are memristors. They also cast doubts on the existence of ideal memristors as actual physical devices that can be fabricated experimentally. The results then lead to formulate two memristor impossibility conjectures regarding the impossibility of building a model of physical resistance‐switching memories based on the memristor model.
Revising Natal Kick Prescriptions in Population Synthesis Simulations

Natal kicks are a matter of debate and they significantly affect the merger rate density of compact objects. Here, we present a new simple formalism for natal kicks of neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs). We describe the magnitude of the kick as , where fH05 is a normalization factor, drawn from a Maxwellian distribution with one-dimensional rms velocity σ = 265 km s−1, mej is the mass of the supernova (SN) ejecta, and mrem is the mass of the compact object. This formalism matches the proper motions of young Galactic pulsars and can naturally account for the differences between core-collapse SNe of single stars, electron-capture SNe and ultra-stripped SNe occurring in interacting binaries. Finally, we use our new kick formalism to estimate the local merger rate density of binary NSs (RBNS), BH–NS binaries (RBHNS), and binary BHs (RBBH), based on the cosmic star formation rate density and metallicity evolution. In our fiducial model, we find RBNS ∼ 600 Gpc−3 yr−1, RBHNS ∼ 10 Gpc−3 yr−1, and RBBH ∼ 50 Gpc−3 yr−1, fairly consistent with the numbers inferred from the LIGO–Virgo collaboration.
The Minkowski inequality in de Sitter space

The classical Minkowski inequality in the Euclidean space provides a lower bound on the total mean curvature of a hypersurface in terms of the surface area, which is optimal on round spheres. In this paper we employ a locally constrained inverse mean curvature flow to prove a properly defined analogue in the Lorentzian de Sitter space.
Color Image Recovery Using Low-Rank Quaternion Matrix Completion Algorithm

As a new color image representation tool, quaternion has achieved excellent results in color image processing problems. In this paper, we propose a novel low-rank quaternion matrix completion algorithm to recover missing data of a color image. Motivated by two kinds of low-rank approximation approaches (low-rank decomposition and nuclear norm minimization) in traditional matrix-based methods, we combine the two approaches in our quaternion matrix-based model. Furthermore, the nuclear norm of the quaternion matrix is replaced by the sum of the Frobenius norm of its two low-rank factor quaternion matrices. Based on the relationship between the quaternion matrix and its equivalent complex matrix, the problem eventually is converted from the quaternion number domain to the complex number domain. An alternating minimization method is applied to solve the model. Simulation results on color image recovery show the superior performance and efficiency of the proposed algorithm over some tensor-based and quaternion-based ones.
Supernova 2014C: Ongoing Interaction with Extended Circumstellar Material with Silicate Dust

Supernova (SN) 2014C is unique: a seemingly typical hydrogen-poor SN that started to interact with a dense, hydrogen-rich circumstellar medium (CSM) ∼100 days post-explosion. The delayed interaction suggests a detached CSM shell, unlike in a typical SN IIn where the CSM is much closer and the interaction commences earlier post-explosion, indicating a different mass-loss history. We present infrared observations of SN 2014C 1–5 yr post-explosion, including uncommon 9.7 μm imaging with COMICS on the Subaru telescope. Spectroscopy shows the intermediate-width He I 1.083 μm emission from the interacting region up to the latest epoch 1639 days post-explosion. The last Spitzer/IRAC photometry at 1920 days confirms ongoing CSM interaction. The 1–10 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) can be explained by a dust model with a mixture of 62% carbonaceous and 38% silicate dust, pointing to a chemically inhomogeneous CSM. The inference of silicate dust is the first among interacting SNe. An SED model with purely carbonaceous CSM dust, while possible, requires more than 0.22 M⊙ of dust, an order of magnitude larger than what has been observed in any SNe at this epoch. The light curve beyond 500 days is well fit by an interaction model with a wind-driven CSM and a mass-loss rate of ∼10−3 M⊙ yr−1, which presents an additional CSM density component exterior to the constant-density shell reported previously in the literature. SN 2014C could originate in a binary system, similar to RY Scuti, which would explain the observed chemical and density profile inhomogeneity in the CSM.
Explicit near-Ramanujan graphs of every degree

For every constant d ≥ 3 and є > 0, we give a deterministic poly(n)-time algorithm that outputs a d-regular graph on Θ(n) vertices that is є-near-Ramanujan; i.e., its eigenvalues are bounded in magnitude by 2√d−1 + є (excluding the single trivial eigenvalue of d).
Rapid Bayesian Inference for Expensive Stochastic Models

ABSTRACT Almost all fields of science rely upon statistical inference to estimate unknown parameters in theoretical and computational models. While the performance of modern computer hardware continues to grow, the computational requirements for the simulation of models are growing even faster. This is largely due to the increase in model complexity, often including stochastic dynamics, that is necessary to describe and characterize phenomena observed using modern, high resolution, experimental techniques. Such models are rarely analytically tractable, meaning that extremely large numbers of stochastic simulations are required for parameter inference. In such cases, parameter inference can be practically impossible. In this work, we present new computational Bayesian techniques that accelerate inference for expensive stochastic models by using computationally inexpensive approximations to inform feasible regions in parameter space, and through learning transforms that adjust the biased approximate inferences to closer represent the correct inferences under the expensive stochastic model. Using topical examples from ecology and cell biology, we demonstrate a speed improvement of an order of magnitude without any loss in accuracy. This represents a substantial improvement over current state-of-the-art methods for Bayesian computations when appropriate model approximations are available. Supplementary files for this article are available online.
A nearby recent supernova that ejected the runaway star ζ Oph, the pulsar PSR B1706−16, and 60Fe found on Earth

The detection of ∼1.5–3.2 Myr old 60Fe on Earth indicates recent nearby core-collapse supernovae. For supernovae in multiple stars, the primary stars may become neutron stars, while former companions may become unbound and become runaway stars. We wrote software for tracing back the space motion of runaway and neutron stars to young associations of massive stars. We apply it here to the nearby young Scorpius–Centaurus–Lupus groups, all known runaway stars possibly coming from there, and all 400 neutron stars with known transverse velocity. We find kinematic evidence that the runaway ζ Oph and the radio pulsar PSR B1706−16 were released by a supernova in a binary 1.78 ± 0.21 Myr ago at 107 ± 4 pc distance (for pulsar radial velocity 260 ± 43 km s−1); association age and flight time determine the progenitor mass (16–18 M⊙), which can constrain supernova nucleosynthesis yields and 60Fe uptake on Earth. In addition, we notice that the only high-mass X-ray binary in Scorpius–Centaurus–Lupus (1H11255−567 with μ1 and μ2 Cru) may include a neutron star formed in another SN, up to ∼1.8 Myr ago at 89−112 pc, i.e. also yielding 60Fe detectable on Earth. Our scenario links 60Fe found on Earth to one or two individual supernovae in multiple stars.
Centrality-oriented causality. A study of EU agricultural subsidies and digital development in Poland

Results of a convincing causal statistical inference related to socio-economic phenomena are treated as an especially desired background for conducting various socio-economic programmes or government interventions. Unfortunately, quite often real socio-economic issues do not fulfil restrictive assumptions of procedures of causal analysis proposed in the literature. This paper indicates certain empirical challenges and conceptual opportunities related to applications of procedures of data depth concept into a process of causal inference as to socio-economic phenomena. We show how to apply statistical functional depths in order to indicate factual and counterfactual distributions commonly used within procedures of causal inference. Thus, a modification of Rubin causality concept is proposed, i.e., a centrality-oriented causality concept. The presented framework is especially useful in the context of conducting causal inference based on official statistics, i.e., on the already existing databases. Methodological considerations related to extremal depth, modified band depth, Fraiman-Muniz depth, and multivariate Wilcoxon sum rank statistic are illustrated by means of example related to a study of an impact of EU direct agricultural subsidies on digital development in Poland in the period 2012-2018.
Stochastic Assignment of Electric Vehicles at Charging Stations Based on Personalized Utility Functions

In this paper we propose a stochastic decentralized algorithm to recommend the most convenient Charging Station (CS) to Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) that need charging. In particular, we use different utility functions to describe the possibly different priorities of PEV drivers, such as the preference to minimize charging costs or to minimize charging times, or both of them. For this purpose we generalize the notion of a simple CS to include the possibility of supplying other loads in addition to PEVs, and exploit locally generated energy from renewable sources. Extensive simulations based on the mobility simulator SUMO in realistic city-wide networks have been provided to illustrate how the proposed PEV assignment procedure works in practice and to validate its performance.
Non-existence of bi-infinite geodesics in the exponential corner growth model

Abstract This paper gives a self-contained proof of the non-existence of nontrivial bi-infinite geodesics in directed planar last-passage percolation with exponential weights. The techniques used are couplings, coarse graining, and control of geodesics through planarity and estimates derived from increment-stationary versions of the last-passage percolation process.
Relativistic, axisymmetric, viscous, radiation hydrodynamic simulations of geometrically thin discs. II. Disc variability

We perform detailed variability analysis of two-dimensional viscous, radiation hydrodynamic numerical simulations of Shakura-Sunyaev thin disks around a stellar mass black hole. Disk models are initialized on both the gas-, as well as radiation-, pressure-dominated branches of the thermal equilibrium curve, with mass accretion rates spanning the range from $\dot{M} = 0.01 L_\mathrm{Edd}/c^2$ to $10 L_\mathrm{Edd}/c^2$. An analysis of temporal variations of the numerically simulated disk reveals multiple robust, coherent oscillations. Considering the local mass flux variability, we find an oscillation occurring at the maximum radial epicyclic frequency, $3.5\times 10^{-3}\,t_\mathrm{g}^{-1}$, a possible signature of a trapped fundamental ${\it g}$-mode. Although present in each of our simulated models, the trapped ${\it g}$-mode feature is most prominent in the gas-pressure-dominated case. The total pressure fluctuations in the disk suggest strong evidence for standing-wave ${\it p}$-modes, some trapped in the inner disk close to the ISCO, others present in the middle/outer parts of the disk. Knowing that the trapped ${\it g}$-mode frequency and maximum radial epicyclic frequency differ by only $0.01\%$ in the case of a non-rotating black hole, we simulated an additional initially gas-pressure-dominated disk with a dimensionless black hole spin parameter $a_* = 0.5$. The oscillation frequency in the spinning black hole case confirms that this oscillation is indeed a trapped ${\it g}$-mode. All the numerical models we report here also show a set of high frequency oscillations at the vertical epicyclic and breathing mode frequencies. The vertical oscillations show a 3:2 frequency ratio with oscillations occurring approximately at the radial epicyclic frequency, which could be of astrophysical importance in observed twin peak, high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations.
The Equation of State and Some Key Parameters of Neutron Stars: Constraints from GW170817, the Nuclear Data, and the Low-mass X-Ray Binary Data

In this work we parameterize the equation of state of dense neutron star (NS) matter with four pressure parameters of and then set the combined constraints with the data of GW170817 and the data of six low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) with thermonuclear burst or alternatively the symmetry energy of the nuclear interaction. We find that the nuclear data effectively narrow down the possible range of , the gravitational-wave data plays the leading role in bounding , and the LMXB data as well as the lower bound on the maximal gravitational mass of non-rotating NSs govern the constraints on and . Using posterior samples of pressure parameters and some universal relations, we further investigate how the current data sets can advance our understanding of tidal deformability (Λ), moment of inertia (I), and binding energy (BE) of NSs. For a canonical mass of 1.4 M⊙, we have , , , and if the constraints from the nuclear data and the gravitational-wave data have been jointly applied. For the joint analysis of gravitational-wave data and the LMXB data, we have , , , and . These results suggest that the current constraints on Λ and R still suffer from significant systematic uncertainties, while I1.4 and BE1.4 are better constrained.
Degeneracy locus formulas for amenable Weyl group elements

We define a class of amenable Weyl group elements in the Lie types B, C, and D, which we propose as the analogues of vexillary permutations in these Lie types. Our amenable signed permutations index flagged theta and eta polynomials, which generalize the double theta and eta polynomials of Wilson and the author. In geometry, we obtain corresponding formulas for the cohomology classes of symplectic and orthogonal degeneracy loci.
Quantum PBR Theorem as a Monty Hall Game

The quantum Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph (PBR) theorem addresses the question of whether the quantum state corresponds to a ψ-ontic model (system’s physical state) or to a ψ-epistemic model (observer’s knowledge about the system). We reformulate the PBR theorem as a Monty Hall game and show that winning probabilities, for switching doors in the game, depend on whether it is a ψ-ontic or ψ-epistemic game. For certain cases of the latter, switching doors provides no advantage. We also apply the concepts involved in quantum teleportation, in particular for improving reliability.