Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nursing Research: Reading, Using, and Creating Evidence

Essential for nursing research courses, Nursing Research: Reading, Using, and Creating Evidence, Second Edition demonstrates how to use research as the basis for successful nursing practice. Fully updated and revised, this reader-friendly new edition provides students with the fundamentals of appraising and utilizing research. Organized around the different types of research in evidence-based practice, it addresses contemporary concerns especially ethical and legal issues. Additionally, it explores both quantitative and qualitative traditions to encourage students to read, use, and participate in the research process. Key Features: * Learning Objectives * Key Terms * Voices from the Field * Gray Matter-key concepts noted in the margins for quick review * Critical Appraisal Exercises-directs readers towards a full length research article * Checklists to evaluate specific research activities and issues * Summary of key concepts * Practical advice for finding research, reading it critically, and strengthening research skills Fully Interactive Online Resources: For students: Companion Website featuring Interactive Glossary, Flashcards, Crossword Puzzles, Chapter Objectives, Student Quiz, Student Workbook, Documenting EBP Aspects, Appraisal Exercises, and Podcasts For instructors: An Instructor's Manual featuring PowerPoints, a TestBank, Classroom Discussion Questions, and Classroom Exercises
The association of subjective orthodontic treatment need with oral health‐related quality of life

OBJECTIVES The existing body of evidence reports an inconsistent association between subjective and objective orthodontic treatment need. The concept of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) might help to explain the differences in subjective and objective orthodontic treatment need. Our aim was to investigate the association of subjective orthodontic treatment with OHRQoL in children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. OHRQoL and subjective orthodontic treatment need were assessed by parental questionnaires. Questionnaire items were individually compared among children with no, borderline and definite subjective orthodontic need. The association between subjective orthodontic treatment need and OHRQoL was investigated in multivariate regression analysis with weighted least squares. Differences by sex and levels of objective orthodontic treatment need were evaluated. RESULTS In total, 3774 children were included in the analysis. Children with borderline subjective orthodontic treatment need and those with definite subjective orthodontic treatment need had significantly poorer OHRQoL based on the fully adjusted model (adjusted regression coefficient (aβ)=-0.49, 95% CI: -0.75, -0.30; (aβ)=-1.58, 95% CI: -1.81, -1.58, respectively). The association between subjective orthodontic treatment need and OHRQoL was stronger in girls than in boys and stronger in children with objective orthodontic treatment need than in those with none. CONCLUSIONS Oral health-related quality of life is poorer in children with subjective orthodontic treatment need. This has not been investigated before in such a large-population-based study and clearly offers an explanation for the lack of concurrence between objective and subjective orthodontic treatment need.
Foot Drop Dystonia Resulting from parkin (PARK2) Mutation

Mutations in the parkin gene (PRKN, PARK2) cause autosomal-recessive early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD). Reported parkin mutation frequencies vary across studies, but percentages up to 49% of familial and 20% of sporadic cases of early-onset PD have been reported on. It is difficult to clinically distinguish parkin mutations from other causes of PD. Clinical clues for mutations in the parkin gene are symmetrical onset, dystonia, hyperreflexia, slower disease progression, and a good response to levodopa. In this report, we describe a 35-year-old Dutch man with “foot drop dystonia” resulting from a parkin mutation.
Prevalence of "at risk" under-five children in a rural area.

Research question: What is the point prevalence of at risk under-five children in the rural area? Objectives: To estimate the point prevalence of at risk under-five children and the association of demographic socio-economic and environmental factors with at risk children. Study-Design: Cross-Sectional Study. Study Period: July 2000 to June 2001. Setting: Pachhad Block of Distt. Sirmour H.P. Participants: A total of 612 under-five children found in the study area of Pachhad Block. Study Variables: Various risk factors like weight below 70% of the reference standard introduction of bottle feeding before six months birth weight of less than 2500 gms twins etc. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square Test. Results: At risk children identified were 65.7%. Children in 0-5 years age group constituted 10.1% of total population. Literacy of parents and prevalence of at risk children had inverse relation. At risk children living in house with unsatisfactory lighting and ventilation were 68.4%. Conclusion: Identification of at risk children will help in providing them more efficient child health care through risk approach strategy. (authors)
A Note on Compacting Garbage Collection

A variation of the Haddon and Waite compacting garbage collector is presented that needs only bounded workspace, but which has typical runtime proportional to the size of the heap rather than n log n for a heap of size n. The algorithm has been measured in the context of a LISP system where it has been seen to behave close to its optimum. The relationship of this algorithm to one due to Lang and Weigbreit is also explained.
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in Audiological Practices

The ICF or International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is a theoretical framework that has been endorsed by the World Health Organization. The framework is an amalgamation of one’s medical, social, and individual perspectives of health and hence is referred to as a biopsychosocial model. The framework was introduced to focus on wellbeing and functioning rather than on disease or even disability. Why the ICF? There have always been the medical and social models of disability. Although the medical model made the disability the focus, the social model regarded the disability to be a result of environment and not an attribute of the individual. The ICF in a way is an amalgamation of both medical and social models of disability. The advantage of the ICF lies in its focus on the participation and activities rather than disability per se. It emphasizes that social participation is vital, as are the goal-directed activities. More importantly, the framework emphasizes the significance of one’s environment. Do we need a framework in audiology? Current audiology literature admits the inadequacy of the definition of hearing loss, and it is also accepting of the fact that the pure tone audiogram is not a good enough measure for recognizing the difficulties people have nor how well they are able to compensate. Clinical audiologists observe that any two individuals with same hearing loss seldom have the similar level of difficulty. Another perspective is regarding the expectation of clients andwhat they need or how the hearing loss impacts their quality of life and their family. Consequently, there are factors that need to be considered when planning rehabilitation. Although the decision is made about the difficulty a patient has, equally important are factors that will ensure success. Clinical audiologists often gather pieces of information from case history, observation, or general discussions. The difficulty is that there is a lack of consistency. The practice of determining deficits and relevant context is highly dependent on audiologists and their experience. Hence a framework such as the ICF is useful to ensure consistency and to find that balance between participation and restrictions or activities and the limitations. The ICF was included within the scope of Practice for Audiology in 2004. The purpose was to encourage audiologists to use the ICF framework when planning rehabilitation in adults with hearing loss. The aim was to move away from the difficulties defined by the audiogram. The focus was to plan rehabilitation outcomes with consideration of the difficulties the person faces in real-life situations (participation restrictions), personal limitations that the person may have in completing a task (activity limitation), and the physical as well as the social environment in which the person lives. Since 2004, what is the status in audiology service provisions? There have been publications since 2004 on the utility of the ICF in the diagnosis and management of hearing loss in adults. It is curious that the framework has not
Inflammation and the Insulin-like Growth Factor System at Very Preterm Birth. Implications for Early Morbidity and Development.

The intention of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of inflammation at very preterm birth on subsequent morbidity, as well as on the neuro-protective IGF-system. Prospective clinical studies of very preterm infants constituted a base for the evaluation. Temporal changes in levels of cytokines were chosen as markers of an induced inflammatory response and were evaluated together with components of the IGF-system at birth and during the first 3 postnatal days. The studies could describe associations between increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent morbidity. Inflammation present in cord blood related to impaired developmental outcome at 2 years of age, as well as to changes in components of the IGF-system, which indicates that inflammation present already before delivery may injure the immature brain and interfere with neuro-protective mechanisms. A postnatal increase in cytokines was on the other hand associated with early morbidity, such as arterial hypotension and cerebral hemorrhage. Concentrations of IGF-I displayed a temporal decrease from birth and onwards, suggesting a low endogenous production after very preterm birth. We could show that exogenous administration of IGF-I from adult donor plasma elevated low endogenous levels of IGF-I in extremely preterm infants without any side effects. In summary, these findings imply that the time point of an induced inflammatory response appears important for type of subsequent morbidity. This may be of relevance for determining an optimal time point of delivery and for intervention with anti-inflammatory or protective strategies, with the purpose to decrease brain injury after very preterm birth. (Less)
Potential behavioural indicators of post-operative pain in male laboratory rabbits following abdominal surgery

This study aimed to identify behaviours that could be used to assess post-operative pain and analgesic efficacy in male rabbits. In consideration of the ‘Three Rs’, behavioural data were collected on seven male New Zealand White rabbits in an ethically approved experiment requiring abdominal implantation of a telemetric device for purposes other than behavioural assessment. Prior to surgery, rabbits were anaesthetised using an isoflurane/oxygen mix and given Carprofen (2 mg kg−1) as a peri-operative analgesic. Rabbits were housed individually in standard laboratory cages throughout. Data were collected at three time periods: 24-21 h prior to surgery (T1) and, post-surgery, 0-3 h (T2) and 3-6 h (T3). Behavioural changes were identified using Observer XT, significance of which was assessed using a Friedman's test for several related samples. The frequency or duration of numerous pre-operative behaviours was significantly reduced in T2 and T3, as compared to T1. Conversely, novel or rare behaviours had either first occurrence or significant increase in T2 into T3 as compared to T1, these include ‘full-body-flexing’, ‘tight-huddling’, ‘hind-leg-shuffling’. We conclude that reduced expression of common pre-operative behaviours and the appearance of certain novel post-operative behaviours may be indicative of pain in rabbits. Behaviours identified as increased in T2 as compared to T1 but not consistently elevated into T3 were considered separately due to the potentially confounding effect of anaesthesia recovery. These included lateral lying, ‘drawing-back’, ‘staggering’ and ‘closed eyes’. We postulate that for effective application of best-practice post-operative care, informed behavioural observation can provide routes by which carers may identify requirements for additional post-operative analgesia. Additionally, improvement of the peri-operative pain management regimen may be required to ameliorate the immediate effects of abdominal surgery. Comparisons with other studies into post-operative pain expression in rabbits suggest behavioural indicators of pain may differ, depending on housing and surgical procedure.
Integrated and Isolated Impact of High-Performance Work Practices on Employee Health and Well-Being: A Comparative Study

We investigate the positive relationships between high-performance work practices (HPWP) and employee health and well-being and examine the conflicting assumption that high work intensification arising from HPWP might offset these positive relationships. We present new insights on whether the combined use (or integrated effects) of HPWP has greater explanatory power on employee health, well-being, and work intensification compared to their isolated or independent effects. We use data from the 2004 British Workplace Employment Relations Survey (22,451 employees nested within 1,733 workplaces) and the 2010 British National Health Service Staff survey (164,916 employees nested within 386 workplaces). The results show that HPWP have positive combined effects in both contexts, and work intensification has a mediating role in some of the linkages investigated. The results also indicate that the combined use of HPWP may be sensitive to particular organizational settings, and may operate in some sectors but not in others.
Block of the Upper Extremity: Supraclavicular Approach Versus Axillary Approach

PRIOR TO 1959, the supraclavicular approach was the acceptable and usual method employed for executing a nerve block of the upper extremity. Since 1959, many articles have appeared extolling the advantages of the axillary approach as compared to the supraclavicular. 1-12 The present emphasis implies that the axillary approach will permit manipulations of and operations on the upper extremity to the same extent as the supraclavicular approach without the added risk of a pneumothorax. While, from an academic standpoint, this concept may be valid, it is misleading. In a clinical practice where many variables exist (skill of the physician, physical status of the patient, area of operation, etc) and where an upper extremity block is indicated, these two approaches are not interchangeable in all cases. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) review and analyze the blocks of the upper extremity performed by us and our residents from Jan
Elephants of democracy : an unfolding process of resettlement in the Limpopo National Park

The proposed paper will focus on the process of displacement taking place in the context of the creation of the Limpopo National Park in Mozambique. This park is part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, which also includes the Kruger National Park (South Africa) and Gonarezhou National Park (Zimbabwe). The creation of the Limpopo National Park – which involved the translocation of more than 3000 animals from Kruger park to Limpopo park, including more than a hundred elephants – is strongly associated by some local residents with political developments following the cease-fire in 1992 and the increased regional cooperation since South Africa’s transition to democracy in 1994. The paper will describe how the establishment of the larger transfrontier park resulted in pressure on the Mozambican government to favour the model of a national park over other conservation options that might have better accommodated the interests of local communities. About 26 000 people are currently living in the Limpopo National Park; about 6000 of whom are in the process of being resettled to an area southeast of the park. The Mozambican government and donors funding the creation of the park have maintained that no forced relocation will take place. However, the pressure created by restrictions on livelihood strategies resulting from park regulations, and the increased presence of wildlife has forced some communities to ‘accept’ the resettlement option. The paper will describe the negotiation process about alternative locations and compensation packages for the communities to be resettled, involving park officials, local and international NGOs, and communities. An analysis will be presented of the power struggles between those parties, but also of the internal contradictions and conflicts that each of the parties experience. Furthermore, an often neglected aspect will be explored, namely that of the possible consequences of resettlement for the hosting communities outside of the park
Depressive Symptoms in Pregnancy: The Influence of Social, Psychological and Obstetric Aspects

Abstract Purpose To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their association with social, psychological, behavioral and obstetric characteristics in pregnant women. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 375 pregnant women who attended prenatal clinics in two public maternity hospitals located in the city of Goiania, Brazil. To testify the depressive symptoms, we used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A descriptive statistical analysis was performed using programs such as CDC EPI-INFO™, version 7.1. 5, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS), version 21.0. Results the patients had probable depressive symptoms (15.47%) and possible depressive symptoms (25.33%). The bivariate analysis showed a significant association among “depressive symptoms” and the following variables: “single or divorced” (prevalence ratio, PR = 2.08; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.26 to 3.44); “physical activity during pregnancy” (PR = 3.96; 95%CI = 1.28 to 12.31); exposure to “psychological/emotional” violence (PR = 4.74; 95%CI = 2.94 to 7.64); “prior mental problem” (PR = 2.66; 95%CI =1.49 to 4.73) and “obstetric complications during pregnancy” (PR = 2.53; 95%CI = 1.55 to 4.13). The multivariate analysis confirmed the association of these depressive symptoms with the variables “suffered psychological/emotional violence” (odds ratio, OR = 5.821; 95%CI = 2.939 to 11.528); “physical activity during pregnancy” (OR = 3.885; 95%CI = 1.060 to 14.231); “obstetric complications during pregnancy” (OR = 2.442; 95%CI = 1.233 to 4.834) and “single or divorced” (OR = 2.943; 95%CI = 1.326 to 6.533). Conclusions the prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women is of 15.47%, and emotional violence is the main factor associated with gestational depression.
Stability and Change in Callous-Unemotional Traits: Longitudinal Associations With Potential Individual and Contextual Risk and Protective Factors

This longitudinal study examines developmental heterogeneity in callous-unemotional (CU) traits in a large sample of school-age children in Cyprus. Latent Class Growth Analysis revealed 4 trajectory groups of CU traits across 3 time points: stable high, increasing, decreasing, and low. Findings suggested that children in the stable high CU trajectory were more likely to (a) exhibit high and stable levels of conduct problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, impulsivity and narcissism, (b) experience low parental involvement and high parental distress, (c) report low peer support and school connectedness, and (d) score lower on academic performance, executive functioning, social competence, and self-regulation compared to children with low, decreasing, and increasing CU traits. These findings were verified by both parent and child reports. Repeated analysis of variance suggested that increases and decreases in CU traits were associated with similar changes in conduct problems, narcissism, impulsivity, and maternal involvement. Further, children in the decreasing trajectory group were not differentiated from children in the low risk group on measures of executive functioning, academic performance, school connectedness, and peer social support at the last wave of measurement. These findings provide evidence for the importance of taking longitudinal change into account for understanding developmental heterogeneity in CU traits and the association of these traits with possible protective (e.g., stable high maternal involvement) and risk (e.g., decreases in maternal involvement and increases in conduct problems, impulsivity and narcissism) variables.
Plasma IL‐33 in atopic patients correlates with pro‐inflammatory cytokines and changes cholesterol transport protein expression: a surprising neutral overall impact on atherogenicity

Interleukin (IL)‐33 has been associated with atopic and inflammatory conditions. IL‐33 may be atheroprotective inducing a Th1‐to‐Th2 immunologic switch. However, the role of IL‐33 in cardiovascular disease remains unclear. This study examines the effect of physiological and elevated IL‐33 levels in plasma from atopic patients (AP) on cholesterol metabolism in human macrophages as compared to plasma from healthy controls (HC).
Substance-Related Health Disorders in Women: A Retrospective Study of Women in a Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Facility

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Dr. Daniel A. Santisteban No. of pages in text. (137) The purpose of this study was to compare the health profiles of women seeking residential treatment for substance abuse with women in the community. These 2 data sets consisted of a total of 621 participants. An additional aim of the present study was to examine whether these health profiles differ between the monosubstance abusing and polysubstance abusing women within the treatment group. There were a total of 257 participants in this group. All analyses controlled for the effects of age, insurance, marital status, employment and race/ethnicity. Binary logistic regressions were used to compare between and within the specified groups on the following variables: asthma, dyslipidemia, diabetes, Hepatitis B vaccination, HIV testing, hypertension, Pap smear testing, mental health problems, overweight/obesity and smoking. A follow-up analyses examined whether differences in the variables could be explained by the effects of specific control variables. Results suggested that differences in four outcomes might be explained by a single or smaller number of specific control variables. The overall results revealed that age was one of the strongest predictors of differences between the treatment and community group. When we controlled for age, marital status, low socioeconomic status (insurance, employment) and ethnicity we found that only two variables were significantly different. Women in residential showed significantly more smoking and mental health symptoms than were found in the community sample. There were no significant differences in the health profiles of polysubstance substance abusing than were found in monosubstance abusing women. The findings of the present study indicate that women seeking treatment are individuals with similar health disorders and health maintaining behaviors as the general population of women. However, women seeking treatment have significant increases in mental health disorders and smoking. Older age was related to increases in the odds of having dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and decreases in the odds of being immunized for Hepatitis B, tested for HIV, and having a Pap test in the last year. Due to anticipated-age related disorders, screening for dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension should be provided for older women seeking admission to treatment. Substance abuse treatment centers for women should provide for mental health services and offer smoking cessation.