Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of an Alternative Hypothesis of Judged Duration

A temporally based theory of attending is proposed that assumes that the structure of world events affords different attending modes. Future-oriented attending supports anticipatory behaviors and occurs with highly coherent temporal events. Time judgments, given this attending mode, axe influenced by the way an event's ending confirms or violates temporal expectancies. Analytic attending supports other activities (e.g., grouping, counting), and if it occurs with events of low temporal coherence, then time judgments depend on the attending levels involved. A weighted contrast model describes overand underestimations of event durations. The model applies to comparative duration judgments of equal and unequal time intervals; its rationale extends to temporal productions/extrapolations. Two experiments compare predictions of the contrast model with those derived from other traditional approaches.
[Evaluation of the functional results in the treatment of pelvic limbs with multiple level surgery in spastic ICP patients].

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of multiple level surgery of the pelvic limbs in patients with spastic infantile cerebral palsy seen at the National Rehabilitation Institute and show that their clinical improvement is comparable to the reports in the national and international literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a longitudinal, prospective, descriptive, self-controlled, before-and-after clinical trial that included patients with spastic infantile cerebral palsy who underwent multiple-level single-stage surgery from January 2007 to August 2008. The inclusion criteria were as follows: both genders, ages 4 to 16 years, with a complete clinical file, with preoperative and 8-12 month postoperative rehabilitation. Elimination criterion: any event not related with multiple-level surgery. Exclusion criterion: any surgeries prior to admission. A descriptive statistical analysis was used, together with the Student t-test and the chi-square test. RESULTS 81 patients with a mean age of 7 +/- 3.2, an age range of 4-16 years; 60.5% males and 39.5% females. The subtypes of spastic infantile cerebral palsy were as follows: biparesis 64.2%, quadriparesis 22.2%, hemiparesis 8.6%, double hemiparesis 4.9%. The clinical-surgical classification (14) changed as a result of improvement and according to the number of surgical procedures: 6 patients (7.4%) had significant improvement (p = 0.13) with one procedure; 44 patients (54.3%) had significant improvement (p = 0.002) with two procedures; 28 patients (34.6%) had significant improvement (p = 0.04) with three procedures, and 3 patients (3.7%) had significant improvement (p = 0.19) with four procedures. On the other hand, when the number of surgical procedures was related with the diagnostic subtype of spastic infantile cerebral palsy, in those undergoing one procedure the clinical-surgical classification did not change in the cases of biparesis (p = 0.26), hemiparesis (p = 0.18), and double hemiparesis (p = 0.50). In those undergoing two surgical procedures the significant changes occurred for the cases of biparesis (p = 0.20), quadriparesis (p = 0.007), and double hemiparesis (p = 0.16). In those undergoing four procedures no changes occurred in the cases of biparesis (p = 0.26) and hemiparesis (p = 0.50). DISCUSSION An improvement in the clinical-surgical classification was observed (p = 0.0001) based on the results of Gazi Zorer, as well as a significant improvement (p < 0.001) and an improvement reported by the gait analysis by the following authors: Ugur Sayli, Gouth, MA Khan.
Serum leptin levels do not correlate with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES Leptin, is a fat tissue hormone which effects energy expenditure, food intake , hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, reproductive and immune systems. We aimed to determine serum leptin levels and investigate the association between disease activity and other parameters in RA patients. METHODS Patients with RA (n=106) as the study group, healthy controls (n=52) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients (n=37) as a control group were enrolled to the study. RA patients were categorized in four different groups according to DAS28 scores: remission ,low (LDA), moderate (MDA) or high (HDA) disease activity . RESULTS No differences were present between the body mass indices of the three groups. Mean leptin levels in RA patients, OA group and healthy individuals were 25,60 ± 13,41, 23,03 ± 11,51 and 23,81 ± 12,85 ng/ml, respectively and no significant difference was present between the groups. Nine of (8,5%) RA patients were in remission, 16 (15,1%) were in LDA, 40 (37,7%) in MDA and 41 (38,7%) were in HDA. Leptin levels did not correlate with DAS28 scores of RA patients (r=-0,12, p=0,11). Mean leptin levels in RA patients with remission was 32,65 ± 7, 28 in LDA 23,94 ± 10,94 in MDA 26,73 ± 14,92 and in HDA 23,59 ± 13,50 ng/ml (p=NS). No associations were observed between leptin levels and CRP, ESR, RF positivity and disease duration. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed no correlation of disease activity and serum leptin levels. Therefore leptin does not seem to be an appropriate biomarker to monitorize inflammation in RA.
T cell receptor gene rearrangements of T lymphocytes infiltrating the liver in chronic active hepatitis B and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC): Oligoclonality of PBC‐derived T cell clones

Immunological events are involved in the pathophysiology of chronic active hepatitis as indicated from the accumulation of T lymphocytes at the site of tissue damage. We generated T cell clones from liver biopsies of 3 patients with chronic active hepatitis B and 2 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. These T cell clones (n = 84) were analyzed by means of T cell receptor (TcR) β gene rearrangements to determine whether the infiltrate consists of a polyclonal or oligoclonal T cell population. The vast majority (62 of 64) of T cell clones from three different patients with chronic active hepatitis B showed no identical rearrangements of the TcR β chain genes. In marked contrast, in both patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, T cell clones established were of limited diversity. Thus 5 out of 10 and 2 out of 10 T cell clones from one patient and 3 out of 9 and 2 out of 9 T cell clones from the second patient, respectively, showed identical TcR β gene rearrangements. These data suggest that a clonal dominance is characteristic for local T cell responses in autoimmune liver disease such as primary biliary cirrhosis whereas in virus‐induced chronic active hepatitis T cell activation occurs polyclonally.
Leg strength and stiffness as ability factors in 100 m sprint running.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of leg strength and stiffness relative to i) 100 m sprint performance, ii) mean speed on the three phases of the 100 m race (30-60-100 m) and iii) the speed differences between these phases. METHODS Nineteen regional to national level male sprinters competed in a 100 m race. Video analysis was used to determine mean velocity parameters. Two subgroups were created since some of the runners decreased their velocity during the third phase (G1), whereas others maintained or accelerated it (G2). Leg strength (concentric half-squats - counter movement jump) and stiffness (hopping) were determined. Simple (r) and multiple regressions (R) were used. RESULTS The mean performance over 100 m was 11.43 sec (10.72-12.87 sec). The concentric half-squats were related to 100 m (r=0.74, p<0.001) and to the mean speed of each phase (R=0.75, p<0.01). The counter movement jump was related to 100 m (r=0.57, p<0.05) and was the predictor of the first phase (r=0.66, p<0.01). The hopping test was the predictor of the two last phases (R=0.66, p<0.05). Athletes who had the greatest leg stiffness (G1) produced the highest acceleration between the first and the second phases, and presented a deceleration between the second and the third ones. CONCLUSIONS The concentric half-squats test was the best predictor in the 100 m sprint. Leg stiffness plays a major role in the second phase.
Social and emotional competence in traumatic brain injury: New and established assessment tools

Chronic social/emotional deficits are common in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to significant functional difficulties. Objective, quantitative tools for assessing social/emotional competence are an important adjunct to cognitive assessments. We review existing social/emotional measures, conclude that theory of mind tests are not adequate for clinical assessments of social competence, and explain the development and piloting of novel measures in a small group of moderate to severe TBI patients (N = 16) and non-brain-damaged controls (N = 16). The novel measures are the Global Interpersonal Skills Test (GIST), a questionnaire measuring informant-rated social skills; the Assessment of Social Context (ASC), a video-based task examining understanding of others' emotions, attitudes, and intentions; the Social Interpretations Test, a social framing task based on Heider and Simmel (1944); and Awareness of Interoception, a heartbeat-detection paradigm related to physiological self-awareness. In a MANOVA, other-rated social skills (GIST), ASC, and Awareness of Interoception scores were significantly lower for TBI patients than controls. ASC, r(31) = . 655, and Social Interpretations, r(31) = . 460, scores were significantly correlated with informant-rated social skills (GIST). We encourage clinicians to add social/emotional measures to assessments of TBI patients.
Efficacy of spirulina as an antioxidant adjuvant to corticosteroid injection in management of oral submucous fibrosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic condition of the oral cavity which results in permanent disability. A number of studies have proven that the management of premalignant diseases should include antioxidants. Therefore, a study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of spirulina as an antioxidant adjuvant to corticosteroid injections in the management of 40 oral submucous fibrosis subjects of south Karnataka and north Kerala. MATERIALS AND METHODS An intervention study was conducted on 40 oral submucous fibrosis cases, 40 patients were divided into two groups, group A (spirulina group) and group B (placebo group). Group A received spirulina 500 mg twice daily and biweekly intralesional steroid injection of Betamethasone 4 mg/ml for 3 months and group B was given placebo capsules twice daily and biweekly intralesional steroid injection of Betamethasone 4 mg/ml for 3 months. The results were analyzed with the paired "t" test and the unpaired "t" test. RESULTS Clinical improvements in mouth opening was significant in the posttreatment period in both Spirulina and placebo groups. Both the groups showed statistically significant reduction in burning sensation. However, when both groups were compared, mouth opening and burning sensation was found to be statistically very highly significant in favor of the spirulina group. CONCLUSION Spirulina can bring about clinical improvements in OSF patients. The observed effects suggest that spirulina can be used as an adjuvant therapy in the initial management of OSF patients. However, studies involving larger samples and longer period of treatment follow up are suggested in the future.
Interaction of adenoviral proteins with pRB and p53

The transforming gene products of the small DNA tumor viruses subvert host cell growth control mechanisms by binding to specific cell regulatory proteins. These include the retinoblastoma gene product (pRB) and p53. One indication of the pivotal roles played by these regulatory products is the observation that they are each targeted consistently by viruses of several groups, by adenoviruses, the human papillomaviruses, and the papovaviruses. In adenovirus, pRB and p53 are targeted by the E1A and E1B genes, respectively. The genetic probes made possible by manipulation of the virus genes in vitro have helped to illuminate the pathways in which pRB and p53 function. E1A studies have contributed to our current understanding that the retinoblastoma product is one of a family of related proteins, which with associated cycling and kinases can modulate the activity of the cellular E2F transcription factor. E1B studies have helped explore models of p53 function, including the suggestion that p53, probably through aspects of its transcription regulating activity, can initiate a pathway in which programmed cell death can be invoked to stop unrestricted cell proliferation. —Moran, E. Interaction of adenoviral proteins with pRB and p53. FASEB J. 7: 880‐885; 1993.
Immunophenotypic profile and role of adhesion molecules in splenic marginal zone lymphoma with bone marrow involvement

Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (SMZL), with or without villous lymphocytes (VL+/−), is a low-grade lymphoproliferative disorder with constant involvement of the bone marrow (BM). Different BM infiltration patterns, mainly intra-sinusoidal, interstitial and nodular, have been described. Adhesion molecules (AMs) constitute a heterogeneous group of antigenic receptors playing a major role in leukocyte recruitment, in lymphocyte homing and in cellular-mediated immune response. Evolution and pattern of the BM infiltrate could be influenced by a variable expression of AM on SMZL lymphocytes. The degree and pattern of BM infiltration and the immunohistochemical expression of AM (H-CAM, BL-CAM, L-selectin, PSGL-1, E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and Beta-1 integrin) among the different infiltration patterns were evaluated in BM biopsies of 38 patients with SMZL and graded according to a semi-quantitative score ranging from 0–4 and based on the percentage of positive cells. An intra-sinusoidal infiltration was constantly observed, alone or in conjunction with other patterns. H-CAM and BL-CAM showed a moderate-to-high degree of positivity in the intra-sinusoidal infiltrate (median expression grade-3) and were expressed in the neoplastic lymphocytes independently from the pattern. PSGL-1 was mostly expressed in the perisinusoidal region and in case of interstitial infiltration (grade-2). ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were selectively expressed in the nodules as a reticular meshwork located in the core region (grade-2); VCAM-1 was also expressed in the perinodular endothelia. E-selectin, L-selectin and beta-1 integrin proved constantly negative. These data suggest that different expression of AM can influence the modality of BM infiltration in SMZL.
The Stability of Self-Reported Marijuana Use across Eight Years of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth

This study examined teen marijuana report stability over 8 years. The stability of self-reports refers to the consistency of self-reported use across several years. This study used fives waves of data across 8 years from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Analyses were conducted to examine the internal or within-wave consistency as well as external or across-waves consistency for self-reported marijuana use. Further tests were conducted to identify if there were any differences for age, ethnicity, and sex for report consistency. Report stability was higher for lifetime use reports than the age of onset reports. Wave-by-wave differences revealed stability remained at acceptable levels in nearly all comparisons at agreement being about 75%. Overall, report agreement was higher for females, older adolescents, and non-Hispanic/non-black youths in bivariate analyses. However, only older chronological age remained consistently significantly associated with better report stability in multiple logistic regression models. Implications regarding misclassification of users for prevention programs and measurement issues are discussed.
Systematic use of a collagen‐based vascular closure device immediately after cardiac catheterization procedures in 1,317 consecutive patients

Despite recent advances in interventional cardiology, vascular access complications continue to be a significant problem. Conventional manual compression of the femoral access site is associated with prolonged immobilization and significant patient discomfort. We investigated the performance of a collagen‐based closure device applied immediately after catheterization and its complication rate in 1,317 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization or coronary angioplasty. Patients undergoing coronary angioplasty (n = 644) received more heparin than patients with diagnostic cardiac catheterization (n = 673; 9,675 ± 1,144 IU vs. 6,419 ± 2,211 IU; P < 0.0001). Deployment success rates of the closure device were comparable for patients undergoing diagnostic vs. interventional procedures (95.8% vs. 96.7%; P = 0.46). Complete hemostasis immediately after deployment of the device was achieved in > 90% of all patients, but was lower in the interventional group (93.7% vs. 90.6%; P = 0.05). Major complications including any vascular surgery, major bleeding requiring transfusion, retroperitoneal hematoma, thrombosis or loss of distal pulses, groin infections, significant groin hematoma, and death were observed in 0.53% of all patients, with no differences between diagnostic or interventional patients (0.62% vs. 0.45%; P = 0.953). Subgroup analysis revealed female gender as a predictor of access site complications. Systematic sealing of femoral access sites after both diagnostic and interventional procedures allows for immediate sheath removal with reliable hemostasis. The use of a collagen‐based closure device is associated with a low rate of clinically significant complications. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:486–495. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biometric Recognition Based on Free-Text Keystroke Dynamics

Accurate recognition of free text keystroke dynamics is challenging due to the unstructured and sparse nature of the data and its underlying variability. As a result, most of the approaches published in the literature on free text recognition, except for one recent one, have reported extremely high error rates. In this paper, we present a new approach for the free text analysis of keystrokes that combines monograph and digraph analysis, and uses a neural network to predict missing digraphs based on the relation between the monitored keystrokes. Our proposed approach achieves an accuracy level comparable to the best results obtained through related techniques in the literature, while achieving a far lower processing time. Experimental evaluation involving 53 users in a heterogeneous environment yields a false acceptance ratio (FAR) of 0.0152% and a false rejection ratio (FRR) of 4.82%, at an equal error rate (EER) of 2.46%. Our follow-up experiment, in a homogeneous environment with 17 users, yields FAR=0% and FRR=5.01%, at EER=2.13%.
Shift work, confounding and death from ischaemic heart disease

Objective: To investigate the relation between shift work and death from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and evidence for confounding by social class and healthy shift worker effects. Methods: A case-referent study nested within an industrial cohort was used. Cases (n = 635) were cohort members who died of ischaemic heart disease (ICD 410–414) during 1950–98 aged 75 or under. Referents were matched on age and year of starting work at the site and were alive at time of case’s death. Shift work status was determined from historical personnel records and pre-employment weight, height, blood pressure and smoking from medical records. Social class at first employment was inferred from job titles. To overcome potential bias due to a healthy shift worker hire effect, odds ratios were calculated from survivors 10 years after hire. To control for any healthy shift worker survivor effect, they were adjusted for duration of employment and time since termination of employment. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs. Results: 55% of subjects had worked as shift workers. Shift workers were more likely than day workers to belong to social class IV or V. The OR for shift workers compared with day workers, after adjustment for pre-employment risk factors, duration of employment and restricted to those who survived 10 years after hire was 1.11 (90% CI 0.90 to 1.37). This reduced to 1.04 (90% CI 0.83 to 1.30) after inclusion of social class. No dose-response relation was found. Conclusion: No excess risk of death from IHD for shift workers was found. The potential for confounding by social class in this relatively homogeneous cohort underlines the need to consider such confounding in more heterogeneous populations.
Spinal cord regeneration: Lessons for mammals from non‐mammalian vertebrates

Unlike mammals, regenerative model organisms such as amphibians and fish are capable of spinal cord regeneration after injury. Certain key differences between regenerative and nonregenerative organisms have been suggested as involved in promoting this process, such as the capacity for neurogenesis and axonal regeneration, which appear to be facilitated by favorable astroglial, inflammatory and immune responses. These traits provide a regenerative‐permissive environment that the mammalian spinal cord appears to be lacking. Evidence for the regenerative nonpermissive environment in mammals is given by the fact that they possess neural stem/progenitor cells, which transplanted into permissive environments are able to give rise to new neurons, whereas in the nonpermissive spinal cord they are unable to do so. We discuss the traits that are favorable for regeneration, comparing what happens in mammals with each regenerative organism, aiming to describe and identify the key differences that allow regeneration. This comparison should lead us toward finding how to promote regeneration in organisms that are unable to do so. genesis 51:529–544. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stab Incision for Inducing Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in the Rat

Study Design. The degenerative response of rat tail and lumbar intervertebral discs to a stab incision was evaluated. Objective. To examine and compare the postinjury degenerative response of lumbar and tail discs. Summary of Background Data. Although successful in larger animals, a stab incision for inducing disc degeneration in rats has not been evaluated. Rodents are desirable models for disc repair studies due to their low cost, ease of care, and fast healing times. Methods. Lumbar and tail discs were exposed surgically and stabbed with a number 11 blade. Disc architecture, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and biomechanical properties were analyzed. A functional disability secondary to multilevel lumbar disc injury was quantified and compared with that of rats undergoing sham surgery. Results. Histologic evaluation of stabbed tail discs demonstrated a nucleus pulposus size decrease, anular collagen layer disorganization, and cellular metaplasia of anular fibroblasts to chondrocyte-appearing cells. Besides the continued presence of the stab injury tract, few changes were observed in the lumbar disc histology. Cytokine measurements indicated a transient peak in IL-1β in tail discs 4 days following injury. No significant changes in IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α were measured. No significant differences in biomechanical properties were observed between stab injury and sham surgery discs. Yet, despite insignificant differences in histologic, cytochemical, or biomechanical properties in the lumbar discs, the rats with lumbar stab injury had a significant decrease in walking ability 28 days after surgery. Conclusions. Tail disc stab injury was successful in creating morphologic signs of degeneration and transient high concentrations of IL-1β. However, the degenerative response in the lumbar discs was much slower, suggesting that site-specific factors, such as increased stability due to posterior elements and torso musculature, helped facilitate healing. Yet, functional assessment indicated that the rats were partially disabled by multiple lumbar injuries.