Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A‐type K+ channels encoded by Kv4.2, Kv4.3 and Kv1.4 differentially regulate intrinsic excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons

• A‐type K+ currents, IA, are key determinants of neuronal excitability. Previous studies suggest critical roles for voltage‐gated K+ (Kv) channel pore‐forming (α) subunits of the Kv4 subfamily in the generation of neuronal IA channels. • The experiments here examined directly the functional roles of Kv4.2, Kv4.3 and Kv1.4 in the regulation of the intrinsic excitability and the firing properties of mature cortical pyramidal (CP) neurons. • The results demonstrate roles for Kv4.2, Kv4.3 and Kv1.4 in the generation of IA channels and show that Kv4.2‐, Kv4.3‐ and Kv1.4‐encoded IA channels play distinct roles in regulating the intrinsic excitability and the firing properties of CP neurons. • These findings demonstrate previously unappreciated molecular and functional diversity of IA in central neurons, insights that will contribute importantly to future studies focused on determining the mechanisms underlying the alterations in neuronal excitability in epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
Comparison of First and Second Trimester Aneuploidy Risk Assessment

Counseling regarding the options for aneuploidy risk assessment is complicated and requires thorough counseling with the patient. Second trimester serum risk assessment has been the gold standard because of widespread availability, low cost, and vast experience with counseling and performance. First trimester risk assessment is becoming more widely available and provides increased sensitivity for Down syndrome detection with a detection rate of approximately 87% (95% confidence interval: 84.0% to 89.4%), at a fixed false-positive rate of 5%. With the advent of first trimester techniques, controversy has arisen as there are advocates for the different recently available approaches. In this chapter, we outline the various options in a manner that will provide practical information for physicians offering such testing. Clearly, implementation of first trimester risk assessment requires special training and meticulous quality control standards for nuchal translucency and laboratory measurements, access to chorionic villus sampling, and also appropriate counseling regarding risk assessment options.
Association of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene A1298C Polymorphism with Male Infertility: A Meta‐Analysis

Published data on the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene A1298C (rs1801131) polymorphism and male infertility risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta‐analysis was performed. In this meta‐analysis, a total of seven case‐control studies including 1633 cases and 1735 controls were selected to evaluate the possible association. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association in the additive model, dominant model, recessive model, and allele‐frequency genetic model. In the overall analysis, the frequency of the C1298 allele (C vs. A) was significantly associated with susceptibility to male infertility (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00–1.26). A subgroup analysis of the subjects showed that MTHFR 1298C was associated with significant increased risk of azoospermia in homozygote comparison (CC vs. AA) and recessive mode (CC vs. AA/AC) (OR = 1.66 for CC vs. AA genotype; OR = 1.67 for CC vs. AA/AC genotype). However, no statistically significant increased risk of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia was found in any of the genetic models. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis supports that the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism is capable of causing male infertility susceptibility, especially azoospermia.
Isolation of Mycobacterium kumamotonense from a patient with pulmonary infection and latent tuberculosis

Mycobacterium kumamotonense is a novel, slow-growing non-chromogenic nontuberculous mycobacterium, which belongs to Mycobacterium terrae complex. We report, for the first time in Greece, the isolation of M. kumamotonense from an immunocompetent patient with pulmonary infection and latent tuberculosis. M. kumamotonense was identified by sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA and 65-kDa heat shock protein genes while by commercial molecular assays it was misidentified as Mycobacterium celatum. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the reference broth microdilution method. The strain was susceptible to amikacin, clarithromycin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, ethambutol and linezolid.
Transformation of Trypomastigote Forms of Trypanosoma cruzi into Activators of Alternative Complement Pathway by Immune IgG Fragments

In this report we examined the capacity of immune IgG fragments to prepare trypomastigote bloodstream forms (TBF) of Trypanosoma cruzi for lysis. F(ab′)2, fragments were capable of presensitizingTBF For complement (C) lysis, thus excluding the participation of Fc domains in the C activation process. An intact hinge region of the IgG molecule was not involved either, since the corresponding Fab' were almost as active as the original molecules in preparing TBF for lysis. Fab also retained such activity even after further reduction and alkylation. These findings indicate that neither the portions of heavy chains that make up the hinge region nor the intrachain disulphide bonds are involved in the process. The IgG fragments promoted lysis through the activation of the alternative C pathway (ACP). These results suggest that the immune IgG transforms TBF into ACP activators by blocking the capacity of some parasite cell surface components that are known inhibitors of C activation.
Photoemission study of the Si(111)3 x 1-K surface.

Surface electronic states of the Si(111)3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1-K surface are studied by means of angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy along the [112\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}] and the [101\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}] directions. It is found that the ${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$ state (\ensuremath{\sim}0.2 eV below the Fermi level) of the 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7 surface disappears and surface states ${\mathrm{S}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${\mathrm{S}}_{3}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ appear near the binding energy of \ensuremath{\sim}0.9 and \ensuremath{\sim}1.8 eV below the Fermi level in the spectra of the Si(111)(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)-K surface. Hence, the Si(111)3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1-K surface is no longer metallic like the Si(111)7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7 clean surface but is semiconducting. The saturation coverage of K on the Si(111)3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1-K surface is estimated to be 13 ML from comparison of the Si LVV Auger spectrum and the K 2p x-ray-photoemission-spectroscopy peak intensity ratio to that of the Si(111)\ensuremath{\delta}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7-K surface. From these results, we suggest a surface geometrical structural model for the Si(111)3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1-K surface.
Sensitivity requirements for the point of care diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women

Background/objectives: Most current tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlmydia trachomatis require the support of a laboratory, and results are not usually available before the patient has left the clinic. This delay can lead to patients not returning for treatment and may allow further STI transmission to occur. Current rapid point of care (POC) STI tests and the syndromic approach are less sensitive than gold standard tests, but allow treatment at the initial visit. This study estimates the required sensitivity of POC tests that ensures as many STIs are averted as with current gold standard tests. Methods: A mathematical model is developed to compare the STIs averted using different STI diagnostic methods. Data from Benin, South Africa, Tanzania, and England are used to explore how the required sensitivity differs between settings. Results: The required sensitivity of a POC test is low if there is significant STI transmission during the delay in treatment for the gold standard test and/or few women return for treatment. For example, the required sensitivity of a POC test for C trachomatis is 50% (gold standard test sensitivity is 90%) if either 55% return for treatment and there is no STI transmission, or 80% return for treatment and 50% of infected women infect their partner during the delay in treatment. Furthermore, in these settings a POC test of moderate sensitivity can lead to significantly more STI averted than the gold standard test. Conclusions: These results support the use of moderate sensitivity POC tests in scenarios where many women will not return for treatment, and in populations where the delay in treatment would result in significant STI transmission.
An Unaccusativity Diagnostic at the Syntax‐Semantics Interface: there ‐Insertion, Indefinites and Restitutive again

This paper argues that the unaccusativity mismatch observed in the literature concerning the availability of there -insertion points to a syntactic difference between two classes of unaccusatives. The paper shows that the theme argument of change-of-location unaccusatives occupies Spec,ResultP, while that of change-of-state unaccusatives occupies Spec,vP. Insertion of there is blocked in the latter case, as the theme and the expletive compete for the same position.
The prediction for single event latchup sensitivity parameters of digital CMOS ICs based on its technological features

The paper presents the results of the analysis which was made in attempt to generalize the main single event latchup (SEL) sensitivity parameters such as saturation cross-section and the threshold LET for digital CMOS ICs. We analyzed SEL ion beam tests results for digital CMOS ICs of various functionality and obtained that for most ICs the SEL saturation cross-section may be determined in the relation to the area of IC's crystal.
Validation of a simple model for predicting liver fibrosis in HIV/hepatitis C virus‐coinfected patients

Recently, several models incorporating laboratory measurements have been validated for use as surrogate markers for liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono‐infection, the simplest of these being the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI). We evaluated how well the APRI predicts significant hepatic fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection.
Application of GR&R for productivity improvement

Testing is a check point in semiconductor manufacturing to ensure quality products are delivered to the customer. As demand and complexity of products increases, advanced equipments are used to perform the test. However, the outcome of the tests does not just depend on availability of advanced equipment, but also depends on the consistency and stability of the measuring system, or commonly called gage. Inconsistency and instability of the gage may result in good units being sorted as bad units and eventually being scrapped leading to production yield loss. As a result the gage performance has become an important issue in testing process. Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (GR&R) is a statistical model to ensure consistency and stability of the measuring system. By performing GR&R study one could determine the uncertainty present in the gage and help to prevent production losses. This paper reports a study on GR&R on a 416 leads 16 bits micro-controller device to check the consistency and stability of the measuring system used. A total of 150 measurement data was collected and analyzed. Incidentally, the study was made at the time one of the test on the micro-controller suffered a comparatively high yield loss. This GR&R study came just at the right time and the results showed inconsistency in the measuring system. Further detailed analysis finally picked up the root cause of the poor GR&R performance in the measuring system. This indicated that GR&R could be used as a powerful tool to improve productivity even for complex semiconductor products.
Effect of anterior cruciate ligament graft tensioning direction, magnitude, and flexion angle on knee biomechanics

The objective of this study was to determine the bio mechanical effect of graft tensioning during reconstruc tion of the anterior cruciate ligament. We evaluated the magnitude of the tensioning force (22 or 67 N), the flexion angle at which the tension was applied (exten sion or 30° of flexion), and the direction of application of the tensioning force (proximal, distal, or distal with a posterior force simultaneously applied to the tibia) on 10 fresh cadaveric knees. The anterior cruciate liga ment was reconstructed using a bone-patellar tendon- bone graft. The graft was then temporarily fixed during the application of each of 12 combinations of tensioning variables listed above. After each fixation, graft force and joint motion were measured during anterior tibial loads. Tensioning direction and the flexion angle significantly affected graft force and joint motion, while the magni tude of the graft tensioning did not. Graft forces were greater when the tensioning was applied at 30° of flexion. Compared with distal tensioning with and with out posterior tibial force, graft forces with proximal tensioning were greater in extension and lower in flex ion. The position of the tibia relative to the femur was posterior and externally rotated, compared with normal, for all combinations of tensioning variables in both unloaded and anterior load states.
Structural studies of the molybdenum center of mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component (mARC) by pulsed EPR spectroscopy and 17O-labeling.

Mitochondrial amidoxime reducing components (mARC-1 and mARC-2) represent a novel group of Mo-containing enzymes in eukaryotes. These proteins form the catalytic part of a three-component enzyme complex known to be responsible for the reductive activation of several N-hydroxylated prodrugs. No X-ray crystal structures are available for these enzymes as yet. A previous biochemical investigation [Wahl, B. , et al. (2010) J. Biol. Chem., 285, 37847-37859 ] has revealed that two of the Mo coordination positions are occupied by sulfur atoms from a pyranopterindithiolate (molybdopterin, MPT) cofactor. In this work, we have used continuous wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations to determine the nature of remaining ligands in the Mo(V) state of the active site of mARC-2. Experiments with samples in D(2)O have identified the exchangeable equatorial ligand as a hydroxyl group. Experiments on samples in H(2)(17)O-enriched buffer have shown the presence of a slowly exchangeable axial oxo ligand. Comparison of the experimental (1)H and (17)O hyperfine interactions with those calculated using DFT has shown that the remaining nonexchangeable equatorial ligand is, most likely, protein-derived and that the possibility of an equatorial oxo ligand can be excluded.
Genetic variation of chicken MC1R gene in different plumage colour populations

1. Genetic variation in the chicken MC1R gene was analysed through bioinformatic methods after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the coding region of MC1R gene from 5 different populations with 4 plumage colours (black, grey plumage with black spots, yellow plumage with black spots, red). 2. A total of 11 novel variations were detected in Hebei chickens, of which 8 were non-synonymous. Allele distribution analysis showed that the wild-type e + (Brown Leghorn) allele was mainly found in Hy-Line Brown and Lohmann Brown, the dominant Extended black E(AY220304) allele was mainly found in Hebei chicken with black plumage, whereas the Buttercup (e bc) allele was rare. 3. Nucleotide diversity (π) within each colour strain of Hebei chickens (0·0047–0·0052) was significantly greater than that of Hy-Line Brown (0·0024) or Lohmann Brown (0·0043). 4. The results indicate that there is abundant polymorphism in the MC1R gene, especially in Hebei chicken, which was associated with its rich plumage colour diversity.
Relation Between Respiration and Photosynthesis in the Green Alga, Ankistrodesmus braunii.

where a, A, a', and /3' stand for the respective bracketed terms. These equations can be solved for R1 and R9. If p, and P2 vary with time in an unknown way then a, /3, etc. cannot be evaluated and we cannot solve the equations. If the lag due to resistance to interchange between gaseous and liquid phases is ignored, that is a, etc. are assumed to be unity, and the value for pi calculated as cl.
High-Dimensional Gaussian Copula Regression: Adaptive Estimation and Statistical Inference

We develop adaptive estimation and inference methods for high-dimensional Gaussian copula regression that achieve the same performance without the knowledge of the marginal transformations as that for high-dimensional linear regression. Using a Kendall's tau based covariance matrix estimator, an $\ell_1$ regularized estimator is proposed and a corresponding de-biased estimator is developed for the construction of the confidence intervals and hypothesis tests. Theoretical properties of the procedures are studied and the proposed estimation and inference methods are shown to be adaptive to the unknown monotone marginal transformations. Prediction of the response for a given value of the covariates is also considered. The procedures are easy to implement and perform well numerically. The methods are also applied to analyze the Communities and Crime Unnormalized Data from the UCI Machine Learning Repository.
COMPILATION OF CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE DOSE TO THE LENS OF THE EYE

Abstract A compilation of fluence-to-absorbed dose conversion coefficients for the dose to the lens of the eye is presented. The compilation consists of both previously published data and newly calculated values: photon data (5 keV–50 MeV for both kerma approximation and full electron transport), electron data (10 keV–50 MeV), and positron data (1 keV–50 MeV) – neutron data will be published separately. Values are given for angles of incidence from 0° up to 90° in steps of 15° and for rotational irradiation. The data presented can be downloaded from this article's website and they are ready for use by Report Committee (RC) 26. This committee has been set up by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) and is working on a ‘proposal for a redefinition of the operational quantities for external radiation exposure’.
Trends in Risk Factors for Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries in Norway

OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries in a large population-based data set, and to assess to what extent changes in these risk factors could account for trends in obstetric anal sphincter injuries. METHODS: This is a population-based cohort study on data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway between 1967 and 2004, including all vaginal singleton deliveries of vertex-presenting fetuses weighing 500 g or more. Women with their first birth before 1967 and births with previous obstetric anal sphincter injuries were excluded, leaving 1,673,442 births for study. The outcome variable was third- and fourth-degree obstetric anal sphincter injuries. The associations of obstetric anal sphincter injuries with possible risk factors were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) obtained by logistic regression. RESULTS: The occurrence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries increased from 0.5% in 1967 to 4.1% in 2004. After adjusting for demographic and other risk factors, as well as possible confounders, the increase of obstetric anal sphincter injuries persisted, although reduced (unadjusted OR 7.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8–7.4; adjusted OR 5.6; 95% CI 5.3–5.9). Obstetric anal sphincter injuries were significantly associated with maternal age 30 years or older, vaginal birth order of one, previous cesarean delivery, instrumental delivery, episiotomy, type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, induction of labor by prostaglandin, size of maternity unit, birth weight 3,500 g or more, head circumference 35 cm or more, and African or Asian country of birth. CONCLUSION: Risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries considerably increased in Norway in 1967 to 2004. Changes in the risk factors studied could only partially explain this increase. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Every microsatellite is different: Intrinsic DNA features dictate mutagenesis of common microsatellites present in the human genome

Microsatellite sequences are ubiquitous in the human genome and are important regulators of genome function. Here, we examine the mutational mechanisms governing the stability of highly abundant mono‐, di‐, and tetranucleotide microsatellites. Microsatellite mutation rate estimates from pedigree analyses and experimental models range from a low of ∼10−6 to a high of ∼10−2 mutations per locus per generation. The vast majority of observed mutational variation can be attributed to features intrinsic to the allele itself, including motif size, length, and sequence composition. A greater than linear relationship between motif length and mutagenesis has been observed in several model systems. Motif sequence differences contribute up to 10‐fold to the variation observed in human cell mutation rates. The major mechanism of microsatellite mutagenesis is strand slippage during DNA synthesis. DNA polymerases produce errors within microsatellites at a frequency that is 10‐ to 100‐fold higher than the frequency of frameshifts in coding sequences. Motif sequence significantly affects both polymerase error rate and specificity, resulting in strand biases within complementary microsatellites. Importantly, polymerase errors within microsatellites include base substitutions, deletions, and complex mutations, all of which produced interrupted alleles from pure microsatellites. Postreplication mismatch repair efficiency is affected by microsatellite motif size and sequence, also contributing to the observed variation in microsatellite mutagenesis. Inhibition of DNA synthesis within common microsatellites is highly sequence‐dependent, and is positively correlated with the production of errors. DNA secondary structure within common microsatellites can account for some DNA polymerase pause sites, and may be an important factor influencing mutational specificity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ANALYSIS OF CHLORELLA VIRUS PBCV-1 TRANSCRIPTION

word count: 215 Text word count: 5, 242 Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.01698-09 JVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 14 October 2009 on O cber 3, 2017 by gest http/jvi.asm . rg/ D ow nladed fom
EmoNet: Fine-Grained Emotion Detection with Gated Recurrent Neural Networks

Accurate detection of emotion from natural language has applications ranging from building emotional chatbots to better understanding individuals and their lives. However, progress on emotion detection has been hampered by the absence of large labeled datasets. In this work, we build a very large dataset for fine-grained emotions and develop deep learning models on it. We achieve a new state-of-the-art on 24 fine-grained types of emotions (with an average accuracy of 87.58%). We also extend the task beyond emotion types to model Robert Plutick’s 8 primary emotion dimensions, acquiring a superior accuracy of 95.68%.