Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ROOFN3D: DEEP LEARNING TRAINING DATA FOR 3D BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION

Abstract. Machine learning methods have gained in importance through the latest development of artificial intelligence and computer hardware. Particularly approaches based on deep learning have shown that they are able to provide state-of-the-art results for various tasks. However, the direct application of deep learning methods to improve the results of 3D building reconstruction is often not possible due, for example, to the lack of suitable training data. To address this issue, we present RoofN3D which provides a new 3D point cloud training dataset that can be used to train machine learning models for different tasks in the context of 3D building reconstruction. It can be used, among others, to train semantic segmentation networks or to learn the structure of buildings and the geometric model construction. Further details about RoofN3D and the developed data preparation framework, which enables the automatic derivation of training data, are described in this paper. Furthermore, we provide an overview of other available 3D point cloud training data and approaches from current literature in which solutions for the application of deep learning to unstructured and not gridded 3D point cloud data are presented.
The Effect of Gaze Direction on Face Recognition of Own and Other Races

The own-race bias in face recognition is one of the most replicated findings in cognitive psychology; however, it has been shown to be affected by gaze direction. The current study explored the effect of gaze direction on different race faces using a facial recognition task. Participants were 30 Han males and 32 Han women. The facial recognition task involved presentation of 40 faces with manipulated eye gaze direction; then, participants were shown the same 40 faces randomly mixed with 40 new faces, and were asked to point out which faces they had seen previously as quickly and as accurately as possible. The results showed that hit rates, false alarm rates, and response bias (C) were influenced by gaze direction. Furthermore, gaze direction and race had a significant interaction effect on C. Under the averted-gaze condition, the C for the Han face images was higher than that for the minority faces images, while there was no significant difference in C under the direct-gaze condition. These findings indicate that the influence of other-race faces exposure on C was mediated by the averted-gaze direction.
Congestion Behavior under Uncertainty on Morning Commute with Preferred Arrival Time Interval

This paper extends the bottleneck model to study congestion behavior of morning commute with flexible work schedule. The proposed model assumes a stochastic bottleneck capacity which follows a uniform distribution and homogeneous commuters who have the same preferred arrival time interval. The commuters are fully aware of the stochastic properties of travel time and schedule delay distributions at all departure times that emerge from day-to-day capacity variations. The commuters’ departure time choice follows user equilibrium (UE) principle in terms of the expected trip cost. Analytical and numerical solutions of this model are provided. The equilibrium departure time patterns are examined which show that the stochastic capacity increases the mean trip cost and lengthens the rush hour. The adoption of flexitime results in less congestion and more efficient use of bottleneck capacity than fixed-time work schedule. The longer the flexi-time interval is, the more uniformly distributed the departure times are.
Biochemical characterization of the nigerian indigenous guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)

Blood protein polymorphism has been extensively used for characterization and estimation of genetic diversity in farm animals. A study on biochemical characterization and estimation of genetic diversity of Nigerian indigenous guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) was conducted using four blood proteins {Haemoglobin (Hb), Carbonic anhydrase (CA), Transferrin (Tf) and Albumin (Alb)}. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis indicated that all the protein markers were polymorphic; expressing two co-dominant genes and two genotypes at their respective locus. Heterozygouse genotypes were prevalent at Hb, Tf and Alb loci while homozygoutes were more frequent for CA. Allelic constitution was similar (A and B) for Hb, Tf and Alb while F and S were typed at CA locus. Gene A had higher frequency of occurrence at Tf and Alb loci while gene F and B was prevalent at CA and Hb locus, respectively. Average estimated genetic diversity (heterozygosity) across the genetic systems was 0.40 and moderate. Prevalence of genes F, A and B at their respective locus is suggestive of their relevancies to the survival and adaptability of the studied population to its natural habitat.
Country Institutional Differences and Multinational Advantage in Banking

In this paper, we seek to answer the following questions : "Do country-level institutional differences affect benefits of multinationality? If so, how? " Focusing on resource and knowledge transfers as the key source of multinational advantage, we argue that the degree to which multinationals can benefit from such transfers depends on the extent to which knowledge or other resources are applicable across units. We further argue that the greater the institutional similarity across differrent countries in which the MNE is present, the greater the applicability and transferability of resources across its units. Hence, we claim that the greater the institutional similarity, the greater the firm performance and, further, the greater the effect of multinationality on performance. We test these arguments in a sample of 85 multinational banks using data from 2001-2002. We find that (1) institutional similarity significantly improves MNE performance, (2) multinationality does not have an independent effect on performance, and (3), contrary to our expectation, the positive effect of institutional similarity actually decrease with increasing levels of multinationality.
Packaging Fun: Analyzing Supermarket Food Messages Targeted at Children

Childhood obesity has prompted an increased scrutiny of the foodscape, along with the call for innovative strategies to make our social environments more supportive of healthy eating. Child-targeted supermarket foods are an increasing, but typically overlooked, part of this food environment. Using content analysis, this article profiles the strategies used to market foods to children and their parents in the Canadian supermarket environment. Child-targeted food products were purchased from two major grocery store chains in Calgary, Alberta, and assessed in terms of their packaging, marketing appeals, nutritional quality, and food type. The discussion details how and why the marketing of “fun” in food creates key challenges in terms of supporting child health. L’obesite infantile a provoque un examen accru du marche alimentaire, ainsi qu’un appel pour des strategies innovatrices afin de faire en sorte que nos milieux sociaux appuient davantage la consommation saine. La nourriture de supermarche destinee aux enfants occupe une place de plus en plus preponderante, mais typiquement negligee, dans cet environnement alimentaire. Cet article a recours a une analyse de contenu dans le but de recenser les strategies utilisees pour promouvoir la nourriture aux enfants et a leurs parents dans les supermarches canadiens. Des produits alimentaires destines aux enfants ont ete achetes dans deux chaines majeures a Calgary en Alberta et evalues en fonction de leur emballage, de leur attrait d’un point de vue marketing, de leur qualite nutritive et du type de nourriture qu’ils representent. L’article detaille comment et pourquoi le marketing du « plaisir » alimentaire souleve des defis cles pour la sante infantile.
The Real Income Shares of Labor, Human and Physical Capital: Determination Method and First Results for Germany

A method is presented that allows to separate the total labor income into parts of basic labor and human capital using annual micro data. As results yearly total income shares of physical and human capital and labor are obtained for a single country. The method is applied to Germany using micro data of the years 1976, 1985, 1995, and 2006. The obtained average income shares are in agreement with the well known results of Mankiw, Romer and Weil [8] if only employed workers are considered. If self-employed labor is also taken into account, the share ratios of physical and human capital and labor change to sK : sH : sL = 0:18 : 0:26 : 0:55. This result di ers considerably from the generally expected share ratios for developed countries of 1/3 : 1/3 : 1/3. Further on, the development of the German income shares are investigated. The observed variation is in contradiction to a constant behavior as expected from Kaldor's stylized facts. The source could be traced to considerable changes in the quali cation structure of the German work force.
Connecting the solubility and CCN activation of complex organic aerosols: a theoretical study using solubility distributions

Abstract. We present a theoretical study investigating the cloud activation of multicomponent organic particles. We modeled these complex mixtures using solubility distributions (analogous to volatility distributions in the VBS, i.e., volatility basis set, approach), describing the mixture as a set of surrogate compounds with varying water solubilities in a given range. We conducted Kohler theory calculations for 144 different mixtures with varying solubility range, number of components, assumption about the organic mixture thermodynamics and the shape of the solubility distribution, yielding approximately 6000 unique cloud condensation nucleus (CCN)-activation points. The results from these comprehensive calculations were compared to three simplifying assumptions about organic aerosol solubility: (1) complete dissolution at the point of activation; (2) combining the aerosol solubility with the molar mass and density into a single effective hygroscopicity parameter κ; and (3) assuming a fixed water-soluble fraction veff. The complete dissolution was able to reproduce the activation points with a reasonable accuracy only when the majority (70–80%) of the material was dissolved at the point of activation. The single-parameter representations of complex mixture solubility were confirmed to be powerful semi-empirical tools for representing the CCN activation of organic aerosol, predicting the activation diameter within 10% in most of the studied supersaturations. Depending mostly on the condensed-phase interactions between the organic molecules, material with solubilities larger than about 0.1–100 g L−1 could be treated as soluble in the CCN activation process over atmospherically relevant particle dry diameters and supersaturations. Our results indicate that understanding the details of the solubility distribution in the range of 0.1–100 g L−1 is thus critical for capturing the CCN activation, while resolution outside this solubility range will probably not add much information except in some special cases. The connections of these results to the previous observations of the CCN activation and the molecular properties of complex organic mixture aerosols are discussed. The presented results help unravel the mechanistic reasons behind observations of hygroscopic growth and CCN activation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles. The proposed solubility distribution framework is a promising tool for modeling the interlinkages between atmospheric aging, volatility and water uptake of atmospheric organic aerosol.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Salvia potentillifolia Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. from Turkey

The present study describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Salvia potentillifolia Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. , which is endemic for Turkey. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and components of the essential oil were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components of S. potentillifolia essential oil were 1.8-cineole (19.33%), -pinene (11.97%) and -pinene (8.99%). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was investigated against standard control and resistant strains, using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The essential oil of S. potentillifolia showed relatively low levels of antimicrobial activity against the bacteria tested. However, the oil was as effective as the antibiotic tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 [methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)], Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 [vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE)], Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247 strains. The most bactericidal activity was obtained against Haemophilus species (4 μg/ml).
Note on the applicability of the VCG mechanism to capacitated assignment problems and extensions

For the allocation of heterogeneous items, it is known that the buyers‐are‐substitutes condition is necessary and sufficient to ensure that a pricing equilibrium can yield the same allocation and payments as the VCG mechanism. Furthermore, concavity of the corresponding transferable utility TU‐game guarantees that this VCG outcome can also be achieved by an ascending price auction. We show that concavity, and hence the buyers‐are‐substitutes condition, holds for the TU‐game of the assignment problem with general capacities. Therefore, the VCG mechanism is supported by a pricing equilibrium which can also be achieved by an ascending auction. We also show that the buyers‐are‐substitutes condition, and hence concavity, does not hold anymore for very natural and straightforward extensions of this problem. This shows that the necessity of the substitutes property is a considerable restriction on the applicability of the VCG mechanism.
Academic Self-Efficacy, Approach to Learning and Academic Achievement

In this chapter, we focused on an analysis of relationship between academic self-efficacy (ASE), approach to learning (deep – DA and surface – SA), heteronomous (HAA) and autonomous evaluation (AAA) of academic achievement of adolescents. The purpose of this study is to examine if ASE and approach to learning (DA, SA) predict AAA and HAA of adolescents and if AAA is effective to the ASE. The sample consisted of 457 adolescents (268 girls and 189 boys). We used Morgan-Jinks Student Efficacy Scale. We measured academic achievement by grade point average. Autonomous evaluation of academic achievement was measured by perceived self-evaluation of academic achievement. Approach to learning we measured with The Revised Study Process Question- naire. Our assumption about the correlation of all variables monitored (only with exception of the surface approach to learning) was confirmed. We have identified that academic self-efficacy, similarly as the preferred approach to learning (deep or surface), constitute an important predictor of heteronomous evaluation of academic achievement, and also that HAA is a significant predictor of AAA, while AAA is an important predictor of ASE in the age cohort of adolescents.
Validity evidence for the 4th edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

This study aimed to find validity evidence for the WISC-IV through the relationship with external variables, analyzing possible associations between the factor indexes of the WISC-IV and a Cloze test that assesses reading comprehension. We evaluated 150 children ages 6-14 years, from the 1st to the 9th grade level. The statistical technique of structural equation modeling was applied through the program Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). According to the results the factor index that best predicts reading comprehension is verbal comprehension, revealing a strong association with crystallized cognitive abilities. The results show validity evidence favorable to the WISC-IV interpretations, helping to bring it closer to more contemporary instruments in the assessment of intelligence as proposed by the CHC model.
Ocean acidification off the south coast of Japan: A result from time series observations of CO2 parameters from 1994 to 2008

[1] Ocean acidification resulting from increases in present and future atmospheric CO2 levels could seriously affect diverse coastal and oceanic ecosystems. In this work, we determine that a significant trend in ocean acidification is superposed on the large seasonal and interannual variabilities of acidity in surface waters off the south coast of Honshu, Japan, based on our repeated observations of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), total inorganic carbon (TCO2), and pH. Multiple regression analysis of TCO2 as a function of temperature, salinity, and timing of observations shows that TCO2 increased at a rate of +1.23 ± 0.40 μmol kg−1 yr−1 for the period 1994–2008, while no long-term change has been determined for total alkalinity calculated from TCO2 and pCO2 in seawater. These results indicate that pH and the aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) are decreasing at a rate of −0.020 ± 0.007 decade−1 and −0.12 ± 0.05 decade−1, respectively. If future atmospheric CO2 levels keep increasing as predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission scenario A1FI, which postulates intensive fossil fuel use associated with very rapid economic growth, a further reduction of −0.8 to −1.0 in Ωarag is likely in the next 50 years. Such a rapid reduction of Ωarag could have negative impacts on a variety of calcareous organisms.
PRODUCTION RESULTS OF DAIRY COWS FED GRASS AND ALFALFA SILAGE WITH A DIFFERENT DEGREE OF WILTING

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of grass and alfalfa silage made with roll balers from wilted raw material on milk yield, milk composition and feed utilization in dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets. Experimental silage was produced from first-cut grass-alfalfa mixtures wilted for 6 or 24 h. One hundred thirty Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into two equal feeding groups: Group 1 – silage made from green fodder wilted for 6 h, Group 2 – silage made from green fodder wilted for 24 h. Experimental silage was offered ad libitum during 60-day period, together with corn silage (15 kg/d) and concentrated feed (above milk yield of 16 kg, in the amount of 0.5 kg/kg milk). The different degree of green forage wilting prior to ensilage had no effect on average milk yield, ECM yield, the protein content of milk, or the average daily yield of milk protein and milk fat per cow. Only the fat content of milk was statistically higher (p<0.05) in cows fed silage with a lower degree of wilting (Group 2) compared to Group 1. Milk from cows given silage with a higher moisture content (Group 1) had a higher concentration of urea (p<0.01). There were no differences between the two feeding groups with respect to the utilization of dry matter, energy and protein. Starting from day 200 of lactation, milk production was higher (p<0.05) in cows fed silage with a higher degree of wilting (Group 2). However, due to a lower fat content of milk (p<0.05) these differences were found to be statistically non-significant when converted to ECM.
Contributions of Selected Family Factors to Drug Abuse Among Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Manyatta Sub-county, Embu County, Kenya

The aim of this research is to investigate the contributions of selected family factors to drug abuse among adolescents in Kenyan secondary schools. To achieve this, the study sought to investigate the role of parental monitoring, residence, employment and parenting behaviours in predisposing the adolescent in the development to drug use. In addition, the study established the significance of associations between family factors and drug abuse among adolescents. The data were collected from form two students and deputy principals in secondary schools. The findings revealed that lack of parental supervision, parental employment, authoritarian style of parenting and lack of open discussion with adolescents contributed to drug abuse as well as most parents do not take active roles in schools. The study further revealed that not residing with the biological parents was not significantly associated with drug abuse. This was contrary to the view held by most scholars that the adolescents who do not reside with their biological parents were prone to drug abuse. To avoid drug abuse, parental monitoring should be given to all children regardless of the birth order, absence of aggression at home, parental quality time, open discussions with adolescents, authoritative parenting and parental involvement in school activities. Majority of the children born after the first child portrayed antisocial behaviours; hence the further the birth position in the family the higher the engagement in drug abuse Based on these findings, there is need to give all children as much supervision as that given to the first born children. Thus, the schools should organise sessions for parents and educate them on effective ways of parenting adolescents. Parents need to be encouraged to take active role in schools. Therefore, schools must create partnerships by providing an open and accommodative environment with their wider community. This would help in forming a link between the school and the home as well as the school and the family.
Proximity Preference in M&A Transactions

This paper shows that acquirers have a strong and consistent preference for spatially close target companies. We measure proximity preference against benchmark portfolios of hypothetical targets for each deal, using data from US domestic mergers and acquisitions transactions. With increasing distance between acquirer and target transaction stock market returns around announcement diminish significantly in the whole sample. However, deals that take place within 500 kilometers around acquirers’ headquarters perform about one percentage point worse than deals at a medium distance. Only within this radius we find acquirers with a higher percentage of affiliated directors performing worse than acquirers with higher levels of board-independency, consistent with local private benefits and overconfidence.
Three-dimensional wavelike equilibrium states in plane Poiseuille flow

In the quest for a physically more realistic transition criterion, the prechaotic bifurcation behaviour of plane Poiseuille flow is studied. Various classes of nonlinear time-periodic equilibrium solutions are computed via Keller's pseudo-arclength continuation method. In particular, attention is focused on three-dimensional nonlinear travelling-wave type secondary bifurcation branches. These saturated equilibrium states originate on the nonlinear primary bifurcation surface from neutral, phase-locked secondary instability modes. Taking advantage of symmetries, only those nonlinear secondary branches which correspond to symmetric and antisymmetric linear secondary instability modes are investigated. It appears that a new family of secondary bifurcation solutions which contains only even spanwise Fourier modes is particularly important. Dominated largely by the spanwise (0,2) mode and discovered by investigating bicritical secondary bifurcations, the mean quantities of these solutions show a certain resemblance to those observed in transitional flow during the ‘spike’ stage. The friction factor of this new solution branch is in the experimentally observed range and the critical Reynolds number, defined with the mean flow velocity, is reduced to about 1000 in general agreement with experiments.
A REVIEW ON APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSE THE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: THE NEED OF THE HOUR.

Kajal Singla 1 , Abhinob Baruah 1 , Shilpa S Chapadgaonkar 1 and * Nilanjan Das 2 . 1. Department of Biotechnology, ManavRachna International University, Faridabad, India. 2. Accendere Knowledge Management Services Private Ltd., India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History