Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Status and Age at Menarche on Female Students of Junior High School

Menarche is the first menstrual period in the middle of puberty. There are many factors that affect the age of menarche include nutritional status, genetic, environmental conditions, socioeconomic status, and education. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between nutritional status and age of menarche on female student of junior high school Ali Maksum Krapyak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The research employed a cross sectional research design. The number of this sample was 81 female students that determined by total sampling. The statistical test used was Chi Square. The results of this research showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status and the age of menarche on female student of junior high school Ali Maksum Krapyak, Bantul, Yogyakarta (p value = 0.002) and the ratio prevalence was 3.077 (95% CI = 1.675 – 5.650); it means that respondents who have abnormal nutritional status get 3.007 times greater chance of experiencing abnormal menarche than respondents who have normal nutritional status.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis: Monoclonality and metastasis—a case for neoplastic origin?

We report a 48-year follow-up of a case of recurrent pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Subcutaneous metastasis to the contralateral thigh was an unusual finding. Histology demonstrated fibroblastic and histiocytic proliferation, as well as increased mitotic activity in recurrent lesions. Cytogenetic analyses demonstrated monoclonality and chromosomal abnormalities. Our findings support a neoplastic origin of this lesion.
Specific characteristics of scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma has been defined within general hepatocellular carcinoma. To define scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma, the present study identified the specific characteristics as compared with general hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODOLOGY The scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma was defined when almost all areas of the tumor were occupied with scirrhous structures. It was identified 14 patients with scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma and 300 patients with general hepatocellular carcinoma (control), all underwent hepatectomy from 1988 to 1994. It was compared the clinical background of the patients, prognosis, and pathological features, which included immunohistological staining using Hepatocyte Paraffin 1. RESULTS All scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma showed whitish, hard forms resembling intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The rates of average ICGR15, positive hepatitis C virus antibody, and microscopic invasion to the bile duct were 12%, 33%, and 20%, respectively, each significantly different than general hepatocellular carcinoma. The cumulative 10-year survival rate of scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma and general hepatocellular carcinoma were 70% and 31%, respectively. With immunohistological staining, 43% of scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma showed negative staining for Hepatocyte Paraffin 1. CONCLUSIONS The scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma has specific characteristics such as lower rates of hepatitis C virus infection, better prognosis, and different histological findings; therefore, scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma should be strictly classified under a new category.
Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Flavonoids in Fagopyrum spp

Buckwheat is a multipurpose crop used for both grains and greens and known to have several medicinal and nutritional properties. Buckwheat contains flavonoids such as rutin, anthocyanins, catechins, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechins, p-courmaric acid, ferulic acid etc. Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum are the major source of flavonoid called rutin. Seeds of F. tataricum contains higher rutin content in comparison to F. esculentum. This review discusses the physiological and molecular basis of flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation in plants in general and rutin and anthocyanin content in Fagopyrum species, its correlation with the expression of flavonoid pathway genes and the effect of different environmental factors on flavonoid biosynthesis. The understanding of rutin biosynthesis in buckwheat is expected to supplement for genetic improvement of buckwheat for higher nutritional value. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Current concepts in body dysmorphic disorder.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a potentially debilitating psychiatric illness characterized by intense preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in physical appearance. Until recently, it has gone largely unrecognized and did not appear in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders until 1987. Improved methods of assessment and treatment of BDD have increased interest in this disorder. This article reviews current literature on BDD, including the similarities between BDD and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), current assessment and treatment strategies, and implications for clinical practice and future research.
A Change Point Method for Monitoring Generalized Linear Profiles in Phase I

The Phase I applications of the statistical profile monitoring have recently been extended to the case when the response variable is binary. We are motivated to undertake the current research in an attempt to try to provide a unified framework for the Phase I control in the context of statistical profile monitoring that can be used to tackle a large class of response variables, such as continuous, count, or categorical response variables. The unified framework is essentially based on applying the change point model to the class of generalized linear models. The proposed Phase I control chart is assessed and compared with the existing charts under binomial and Poisson profiles. Some diagnostic procedures are also discussed. A real data set obtained from a test lab concerning the dispersion of carbon black filler in a rubber mix is used to demonstrate how the proposed chart can be used in practical applications. Some future research directions are also discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep Triplet Supervised Hashing Xiaofang Wang May

Hashing is one of the most popular and powerful approximate nearest neighbor search techniques for large-scale image retrieval. Most traditional hashing methods first represent images as off-the-shelf visual features and then produce hash codes in a separate stage. However, off-the-shelf visual features may not be optimally compatible with the hash code learning procedure, which may result in sub-optimal hash codes. Recently, deep hashing methods have been proposed to simultaneously learn image features and hash codes using deep neural networks and have shown superior performance over traditional hashing methods. The current state-of-the-art deep hashing method DPSH [14] has demonstrated great performance but it suffers the problem of unbalanced supervision signals. To address this issue, we propose two novel deep hashing methods DPSH-Weighted and DTSH. At the heart of our methods DPSH-Weighted and DTSH is the novel formulation of weighted pairwise label likelihood and triplet label likelihood. Our methods learn images features and hash codes by maximizing the label likelihood. One common problem that most deep hashing methods face is how to train a network to output binary codes. We provide in-depth analysis of two typical methods to train such a network. Extensive experiments on four public benchmark datasets, including CIFAR-10 [10], NUSWIDE [3], Standford Cars [9] and UKBench [23], show that both DPSH-Weighted and DTSH outperform the state-of-the-art method DPSH [14], and DTSH can obtain the highest performance among all the current deep hashing methods.
Study on 4D path planning and tracking controlling of UCAV in multiple constraints dynamic condition

Aiming at the path planning and tracking of a UCAV in multiple constraints dynamic condition, the mathematic model of the UCAV is built firstly and the cost function is designed. Considering the constraints, the path nodes extension method is proposed. In response to the problem of online trajectory re-planning, we put forward the 4D path planning FISAS arithmetic in order to realize on-line path planning when meeting the emergent threats during flying. The path is smoothened, adjusted and interpolated by using the cubic B-spline method considering dynamic constraints, boundary limit and overload limit, and the flight play test condition is built. The tracking of the trajectory attitude and velocity are realized with dynamics model of the UCAV by the use of sliding mode variable control and the expect output is obtained. The results of the simulation show that the four-dimensional path under the real-time dynamic operational environment could fulfill the requirements, and the tracking controller has good robustness, and expected trajectory can be tracked precisely and rapidly.
Transport mechanism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors at the blood-brain barrier.

The transport mechanism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors through the blood-brain barrier was studied in vitro by using primary cultures of bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC). The uptake of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with the lactone form, [14C]lovastatin and [14C]simvastatin, was slightly decreased to 65% of the control uptake (37 degrees C) at low temperature (4 degrees C) and was not affected by pretreatment of the BCEC with metabolic inhibitors (2,4-dinitrophenol and rotenone). [14C]Simvastatin acid (the lactone ring-opened form) was taken up in a markedly temperature- and concentration-dependent fashion, whereas the uptake of [14C] pravastatin was negligible. At pH below 7.4, the uptake rate of [14C]simvastatin acid by the BCEC increased markedly with decreasing medium pH, whereas almost pH-independent uptake was observed in the presence of 1 mM simvastatin acid. Additional studies using an in situ rat brain perfusion method showed that the in vivo cerebrovascular permeation of [14C]simvastatin acid in rats was significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 mM simvastatin acid, demonstrating that the transport system for the acid forms of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors functions under in vivo conditions. Several monocarboxylic acids significantly inhibited the uptake of [14C]simvastatin acid by the BCEC, whereas dicarboxylic acids did not. The uptake of [14C]simvastatin acid by the BCEC was competitively inhibited by 15 mM acetic acid. Accordingly, we concluded that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in lactone form are transported via simple diffusion, whereas those having an acid form are transported across the blood-brain barrier via a carrier-mediated transport mechanism for monocarboxylic acids. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Induced Susceptibility Response in Soybean Promotes Avirulent Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations on Resistant Soybean

ABSTRACT Observations of virulent Aphis glycines Matsumura populations on resistant soybean in North America occurred prior to the commercial release of Rag genes. Laboratory assays confirmed the presence of four A. glycines biotypes in North America defined by their virulence to the Rag1 and Rag2 genes. Avirulent and virulent biotypes can co-occur and potentially interact on soybean, which may result in induced susceptibility. We conducted a series of experiments to determine if the survival of avirulent biotypes on susceptible and resistant soybean containing the Rag1 or Rag1 + Rag2 genes was affected by the presence of either avirulent or virulent conspecifics. Regardless of virulence to Rag genes, initial feeding by conspecifics increased the survival of subsequent A. glycines populations on both susceptible and resistant soybean. Avirulent populations increased at the same rate as virulent populations if the resistant plants were initially colonized with virulent aphids. These results are the first to demonstrate that virulent A. glycines increase the suitability of resistant soybean for avirulent conspecifics, thus explaining the lack of genetic differentiation observed in North America between A. glycines populations on resistant and susceptible soybean. These results suggest the occurrence of virulence toward Rag genes in North America may be overestimated. In addition this may alter the selection pressure for virulence genes to increase in a population. Therefore, insect resistance management models for A. glycines may need to incorporate induced susceptibility factors to determine the relative durability of resistance genes.
The role of alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and PGC‐1α over‐expression in fast muscle atrophy following hindlimb unloading

Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs as a result of disuse. Although several studies have established that a decrease in protein synthesis and increase in protein degradation lead to muscle atrophy, little is known about the triggers underlying such processes. A growing body of evidence challenges oxidative stress as a trigger of disuse atrophy; furthermore, it is also becoming evident that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a causative role in determining muscle atrophy. Mitochondrial fusion and fission have emerged as important processes that govern mitochondrial function and PGC‐1α may regulate fusion/fission events. Although most studies on mice have focused on the anti‐gravitary slow soleus muscle as it is preferentially affected by disuse atrophy, several fast muscles (including gastrocnemius) go through a significant loss of mass following unloading. Here we found that in fast muscles an early down‐regulation of pro‐fusion proteins, through concomitant AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, can activate catabolic systems, and ultimately cause muscle mass loss in disuse. Elevated muscle PGC‐1α completely preserves muscle mass by preventing the fall in pro‐fusion protein expression, AMPK and catabolic system activation, suggesting that compounds inducing PGC‐1α expression could be useful to treat and prevent muscle atrophy.
Testing Hypothesized Psychosocial Mediators

Only a few of the interventions that target blue-collar workers have conducted formal analysis to evaluate the specific attributes of their intervention that are associated with success or failure. This study examined the role of dual hazard and decisional balance in the MassBUILT smoking cessation intervention. The authors conducted sets of multivariable linear and logistic regressions that examined if (a) the intervention was associated with changes in the psychosocial variables and (b) increase in psychosocial variables was associated with increase in smoking cessation. As hypothesized by the theoretical basis of the study, higher scores on both of the psychosocial variables were significantly associated with smoking cessation. However, the intervention did not change decisional balance and decreased dual hazard. The variables examined were important but were not mediators of the MassBUILT intervention and this could have contributed to the significant relapse in smoking among study participants.
Effect of calcium and light on the germination of Urochondra setulosa under different salts

Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C.E. Hubbard is a coastal halophytic grass thriving on the coastal dunes along the Pakistani seashore. This grass could be useful in coastal sand dune stabilization using seawater irrigation. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that Ca2+ (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 50.0 mmol/L) alleviates the adverse effects of KCl, MgSO4, NaCl and Na2SO4 at 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mmol/L on the germination of Urochondra setulosa. Seed germination was inhibited with increase in salt concentration with few seeds germinated at and above 400 mmol/L concentration. No seed germinated in any of the KCl treatments. Inclusion of CaCl2 substantially alleviated the inhibitory effects of all salts. Germination was higher under photoperiod in comparison to those seeds germinated under complete darkness. Among the CaCl2 concentrations used, 10 mmol/L was most effective in alleviating salinity effects and allowing few seeds to germinate at 1000 mmol/L KCl, MgSO4, NaCl and Na2SO4 solution.
THE RELATION BETWEEN PERCEPTION AND PRODUCTION IN L 2 PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING : THE ROLE OF THE PHONOLOGICAL LOOP

In this study we looked at the relationship between perception and production in L2 phonological processing. We focused on the perception and production of the French contrast /u/-/y/ by proficient American English learners of French and by a group of native French speakers. An ABX perception task and two production tasks, namely, reading and picture naming, were implemented in this study. We tested the hypothesis that the phonological processing is dependent upon the possibility to use the “phonological loop” during perception and to subvocally rehearse the stimuli. We therefore manipulated the ISI in the perception task, including a condition with an ISI of 150 ms (short ISI) and an ISI of 1000 ms (long ISI). We expected to observe a significant correlation between perception and production only in the long ISI condition. As predicted, the results showed that in perception, bilinguals performed worse than native French speakers. Bilinguals perceived the test contrast /u/-/y/ with less accuracy than the control contrast /u/-/a/, reflecting the difficulty of the former for the perception of American English speakers of French. French participants performed well on both contrasts. In production, in the naming task native French speakers produced significantly more distinct categories than bilingual speakers. In reading, the difference between the groups did not reach significance. We propose that this lack of difference could be explained by the faster reading rate of French speakers that resulted in vowel reduction. Contrary to our predictions, performance on the perception task correlated with the pronunciation accuracy of /u/ and /y/ in both ISI conditions. This finding was discussed in light of previous studies on the relationship between perception and production in L2 phonological processing. Perception and production in L2 phonological processing 3 Declaration of Originality Previous studies looked at the perception or production of L2 sounds and only few studies concentrated on the relationship between those two modalities. In our study we will further investigate this relationship focusing on American English speakers of French. This is the first study looking at the role of the phonological loop in the relationship between perception and production of L2 phonological processing.
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Generalized hyperexponential (GH) distributions are linear . combinations of exponential CDFs with mixing parameters (positive and negative) that sum to unity. The denseness of the class GH with respect to the class of all CDFs defined on [0,-) is established by showing that a GH distribution can be found that is as close as desired, with respect to a suitably defined metric, to a given CDF. The metric induces the usual topology of weak convergence so that, equivalently, there exists a sequence {G ) of Gil CDFs that converges weakly to any CDF. The result n follows from a similar well-known result for weak convergence of Erlang mixtures. Various set inclusion relations are also obtained relating the GH distributions to other commonly used classes of approximating distributions including generalized Erlang 4G(), mixed generalized Erlang 4MGE), those with reciprocal polynomial Laplace transforms those with rational Laplace transforms R-I-) and phase-type "1-P i distributions. A brief survey of the history and use of approximating distributions in queueing theory is also included. Key phrases: probability distribution; cumulative distribution function; approximation; convergence in distribution; weak convergence; denseness; Erlang distribution; generalized hyperexponential distribution; method of stages.
Do Permanent Night Workers Show Circadian Adjustment? A Review Based on the Endogenous Melatonin Rhythm

“Permanent” or “fixed” night shifts have been argued to offer a potential benefit over rotating shift systems in that they may serve to maximize circadian adjustment and hence minimize the various health and safety problems associated with night work. For this reason, some authors have argued in favor of permanent shift systems, but their arguments assume at least a substantial, if not complete, adjustment of the circadian clock. They have emphasized the finding that the day sleeps taken between successive night shifts by permanent night workers are rather longer than those of either slowly or rapidly rotating shift workers, but this could simply reflect increased pressure for sleep. The present paper reviews the literature on the adjustment to permanent night work of the circadian rhythm in the secretion of melatonin, which is generally considered to be the best known indicator of the state of the endogenous circadian body clock. Studies of workers in “abnormal” environments, such as oil rigs and remote mining operations, were excluded, as the nature of these unique settings might serve to assist adjustment. The results of the six studies included indicate that only a very small minority (<3%) of permanent night workers evidence “complete” adjustment of their endogenous melatonin rhythm to night work, less than one in four permanent night workers evidence sufficiently “substantial” adjustment to derive any benefit from it, there is no difference between studies conducted in normal or dim lighting, and there is no evidence of gender difference in the adjustment to permanent night work. It is concluded that in normal environments, permanent night‐shift systems are unlikely to result in sufficient circadian adjustment in most individuals to benefit health and safety.
Movement Termination and Stability in Standing

PAI, Y. -C. Movement termination and stability in standing. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 19–25, 2003. This brief review develops a new conceptual framework for describing the influence of center-of-mass position and velocity on ability to terminate movement. Limitations of this dynamic conceptual framework and its applications in physical rehabilitation are explored.