Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neue soziale Dienstleistungen nach SGB II

"Das besondere Profil der Dienstleistung, die im Rahmen von 'Hartz IV' Gestalt annimmt, blieb bislang unklar - nach wie vor bilden Leistungsprozesse fur die Arbeitsmarktforschung weitgehend eine 'black box'. In einer Konzeptstudie im Auftrag des IAB beobachtete ein Team des Soziologischen Forschungsinstituts (SOFI) an der Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen in 20 Fallen bei drei Grundsicherungstragern uber sechs Monate hinweg Interaktionen zwischen Fachkraften und erwerbsfahigen Hilfebedurftigen. Der IAB-Forschungsbericht fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse eines ausfuhrlichen Abschlussberichts zusammen. Die Konzeptstudie ging von der Annahme aus, dass im neuen Leistungssystem der Grundsicherung auch eine neuartige Dienstleistung entsteht, die hier als Fallbearbeitung bezeichnet wird. Wie viel Beratung, Vermittlung und Fallmanagement sie enthalt, wurde nicht normativ vorausgesetzt, sondern sollte empirisch geklart werden. Im beobachteten Gesprachsmaterial wurden wiederkehrende Interaktionsmuster identifiziert, die als 'Standardsequenzen' beschrieben und vier Gesprachsfunktionen zugeordnet wurden: Das Gesprach, die Dienstleistungsbeziehung, die Inhalte der Fallbearbeitung und das Verwaltungsverfahren zu organisieren. Der Aktivierungsauftrag der Grundsicherungstrager passte unterschiedlich gut auf die beobachteten Falle: Der Bericht unterscheidet vermittlungsorientierte Arbeitsuchende, solche mit Vermittlungshemmnissen und resignierte Arbeitslose. Der Bericht macht sieben zentrale Probleme der Dienstleistungsqualitat in der Grundsicherung fur Arbeitsuchende aus: die zeitliche Verfugbarkeit der Fachkrafte, den Konflikt zwischen standardisierten Ablaufen und Einzelfallgrundsatz, den Aktivierungsauftrag als hierarchische Beziehung, die Aushandlung der zu bearbeitenden Themen, die Arbeitsteilung zwischen Ansprechpartnern, Sachbearbeitung und fallbeteiligten Dritten, die Rechtsunsicherheit in der Fallbearbeitung und die Unsicherheit uber die Berucksichtigung der Bedarfsgemeinschaft. Der Bericht empfiehlt, Aushandlungsprozessen zwischen Fachkraften und Arbeitsuchenden mehr Spielraum zu geben. Er schliest mit der Empfehlung, die verlaufsorientierte Beobachtung von Leistungsprozessen starker fur die Arbeitsmarktforschung und fur die Qualitatssicherung zu nutzen. " (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Substance Use Disorder and ADHD

Objective: To assess the pattern of substance use disorder (SUD) in adolescents with and without history of attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using an Iranian sample in the context of a cultural background and drug availability is differing from Western countries. Method: In this case- control study, the participants were interviewed by a child psychiatrist and the measures included: kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for school age children (K-SADS), Opium Treatment Index (OTI) and Global Assessment Functioning (GAF). Data were analyzed with chi square test and T test and fisher exact test by EPI.6 soft ware. Results: Adolescents with ADHD were younger at the time of starting cigarette smoking, substance use, abuse and dependency (p = 0.0001), a shorter period between their first-time substance use and substance dependence or abuse (p = 0.0001), more severe substance use (for cannabis, heroine, cigarette and drugs such as benzodiazepines p < 0.05) and more functional impairment (p = 0.0007). Average number of co morbid disorders were higher in ADHD group. (p = 0.03) Conclusion: Although the pattern and type of substance use may be different in Iranian culture, our findings about the relationship between ADHD and SUD are similar to other western and non western countries. The presence of ADHD may over-ride cultural barriers and lower availability of drugs to the development of SUD in Iranian adolescents. Early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD may propose with better prognosis of SUD and subsequent decrease in the prevalence of SUD and the costs of SUD-related pathology in this population.
Estimation of the Conditional Variance - Covariance Matrix of Returns Using the Intraday Range

This paper proposes a hybrid multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) estimator of the variance-covariance matrix of returns. The proposed estimator employs a range-based EWMA specification to estimate the conditional variances of returns, and a standard return-based EWMA specification to estimate the correlation between each pair of returns. The hybrid EWMA estimator offers an improvement over the standard EWMA estimator, both statistically and economically. Moreover, the hybrid EWMA estimator is less sensitive to the choice of decay factor.
Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis B Infection during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

It is estimated there are 350–400 million people worldwide chronically infected with HBV. Many of these are women and of reproductive age. As such, they may face therapeutic decisions regarding antiviral therapy and the implication this may have on future or current pregnancies. This article reviews the data of all antivirals licensed for use against hepatitis B infection regarding teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, clinical experience during pregnancy, placental transfer and excretion in breast milk.
Web‐delivered Research‐based Nursing Staff Education for Seeking Magnet Status

Variations in nursing practice decrease optimal patient outcomes and increase healthcare costs. Nurses, in concert with other healthcare professionals, are using evidence to create clinical practice guidelines to standardize patient care. Evidence-based practice is based on research findings and collective research evidence that guide approaches to patient care. It uses the best evidence available to guide clinical decision making. Evidence-based practice is essential in attaining Magnet recognition. The Magnet Nursing Service Recognition Program, administered by the American Nurses Credentialing Center, bestows national recognition on healthcare organizations that demonstrate sustained nursing care excellence. Nursing administrators and staff applying for Magnet Nursing Services Recognition must demonstrate clinical practice foun-
Command Governor Adaptive Control for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles with measurement noise and actuator dead-zone

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) are being deployed in advanced applications that require precise manoeuvring close to complex underwater structures such as oilrigs and subsea installations or moving objects such as submarines. The effect of vehicle hydrodynamic parameter variations is significant in such scenarios and in extreme conditions the UUV may experience loss of control. In addition, external disturbances present in these environments degrade the controllability of the UUV. Adaptive control has been identified as a promising solution that can improve the controllability in such situations. Nevertheless, adaptive control is not widely used within the industry mainly due to the trade-off between fast learning and smooth control signals. The Command Governor Adaptive Control (CGAC) has recently been proposed as a better compromise between the two extremes. In this paper, the performance of CGAC is investigated in the presence of measurement noise and actuator dead-zone. Simulation results show that that the CGAC is highly effective in retaining good tracking performance even in the presence of significant noise within the feedback signals and an unknown dead-zone in the actuator.
Physicians’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes About Race by MD Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

Recent reports suggest that providers’ implicit attitudes about race contribute to racial and ethnic health care disparities. However, little is known about physicians’ implicit racial attitudes. This study measured implicit and explicit attitudes about race using the Race Attitude Implicit Association Test (IAT) for a large sample of test takers (N=404,277), including a sub-sample of medical doctors (MDs) (n=2,535). Medical doctors, like the entire sample, showed an implicit preference for White Americans relative to Black Americans. We examined these effects among White, African American, Hispanic, and Asian MDs and by physician gender. Strength of implicit bias exceeded self-report among all test takers except African American MDs. African American MDs, on average, did not show an implicit preference for either Blacks or Whites, and women showed less implicit bias than men. Future research should explore whether, and under what conditions, MDs’ implicit attitudes about race affect the quality of medical care.
Cost effectiveness of duloxetine in the treatment of fibromyalgia in the United States

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of duloxetine when considered as an alternative treatment for patients in the United States (US) being treated for fibromyalgia pain. Research design and methods: A Markov model was used to evaluate the economic and clinical advantages of duloxetine in controlling fibromyalgia pain symptoms over a 2-year time horizon. A base-case treatment sequence was adopted from clinical guidelines, based on tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, anticonvulsants, and opioids. Treatment response was modeled using changes from baseline in pain severity, and response thresholds: full response (at least a 50% change), response (30–49% change), and no response (less than a 30% change). Clinical efficacy and discontinuation data were taken from placebo- and active-controlled trials identified in a systematic literature review and mixed-treatment comparison. Utility data were based on EQ-5D data. Main outcome measures: Additional symptom-control months (SCMs), defined as the amount of time at a response level of 30% or less, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) over a 2-year time horizon. Results: For every 1000 patients, first-line duloxetine resulted in an additional 665 SCMs and 12.3 QALYs, at a cost of $582,911 (equivalent to incremental cost-effectiveness ratios [ICERs] of $877 per SCM and $47,560 per QALY). Second-line duloxetine resulted in an additional 460 SCMs and 8.7 QALYs, at a cost of $143,752 (equivalent to ICERs of $312 per SMC and $16,565 per QALY). Limitations: Response data for TCAs are limited to 30% improvement levels, reported trials are small, and have low placebo response rates. The model necessarily assumes that response rates are independent of placement in the treatment sequence. Conclusions: The results suggest that the introduction of duloxetine into the standard treatment sequence for fibromyalgia not only provides additional patient benefits, reflected by time spent in pain control, but also is cost effective when compared with commonly adopted thresholds.
The Frequency of Multiple Sclerosis in Jewish and Arab Populations in Greater Jerusalem

A comparison of the incidence rate (IR) and the prevalence rate (PR) of multiple sclerosis (MS) in subgroups of the same ethnic origin, but born and living in different geographical areas, may delineate the relationship between environmental and genetic risk factors for MS. Previous epidemiological studies of MS in Israel did not include the Arab population and used diagnostic criteria that did not include MRI findings. Therefore, we studied the age-adjusted IR and PR of MS in a more recent sample in different population groups, including Arabs, of Greater Jerusalem. We found that the PR of MS in Israeli Jews is higher than previously described. Furthermore, the PR was significantly lower among immigrant Jews from Asia/Africa (A/A) than among native-born Jews of Asian/African origin (I-A/A). Since these groups have similar genetic susceptibilities to MS, the higher PR in the latter is probably due to environmental factors. Our study does not support the effect of latitude on the risk of developing MS since no difference in the PR was found between immigrant Jews from Europe/America (E/A) and native-born Jews of European/American origin (I-E/A). Among Arabs, the PR was similar to that among A/A. Therefore, we hypothesized similarity in environmental etiologic factors for MS between the countries of origin of A/A immigrants and of Arabs communities in Greater Jerusalem. The IR of I-E/A was higher than that of I-A/A and Arabs, although this difference did not reach statistical significance.
High-level ability of secretory IgA to block HIV type 1 transcytosis: contrasting secretory IgA and IgG responses to glycoprotein 160.

The IgG and secretory IgA (S-IgA) responses to the HIV-1 envelope (gp160 antigen) were analyzed in the colostrum (Col) and in the cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) of HIV-l-infected women. We show IgG antibodies (Abs) to the recombinant gp160 to be predominant as compared with the corresponding S-IgA isotype. The low level of the S-IgA response cannot be related to a general disturbance of the mucosal-associated Iymphoid tissue (MALT) because the level of a current Ab to a caries-associated antigen from Streptococcus sobrinus was in the normal range in these secretions. The major subclass of IgA to gp160 was of the alpha1 isotype both in Col and in CVF. However, the specific activities of S-IgA1 and S-IgA2 were different when expressed as the ratio of the anti-gp160 related to total Ig of each subclass. Indeed, the specific activity of the S-IgA2 was predominant over S-IgA1 in the Col, whereas the reciprocal results were found in CVF, showing a subcompartmentalization of these secretions. The ability of S-IgA and IgG to block one of the pathways involved in the HIV-1 penetration across mucosa, i.e., transcytosis through epithelial cells, was evaluated using a functional in vitro assay. Both S-IgA and IgG Abs impaired virus transcytosis, irrespective of the level of antigp160 specific activities. However, specific S-IgA was more efficient than IgG. These features suggest that mucosal specific S-IgA to HIV-1 could be relevant in decreasing infectivity of HIV-1 in corporal fluids.
11 P 16 INK 4 A and MIB-1 Expression in Preneoplasia and Neoplasia of Cervix

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer and fourth most common cause of cancer related deaths in female population, accounting to approximately 453,300 cases per year and 275,100 deaths in the year 2008. According to the latest WHO global cancer statistics, the cumulative risk (%) (Age 0-74) of cervical carcinoma is 0.9 with age adjusted ratio of 9.0 (Jemal et al., 2011). In India, cervical cancer is the leading cancer among females between 15 and 44 years of age. Current estimates indicate that every year 132,082 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and that 74,118 die from this disease in India alone (http://www.who.int/hpv). Having said this, however, no form of cancer better documents the remarkable effects of prevention, early diagnosis, and curative therapy on the mortality rate than the cancer of cervix. However, the still very high rate of cervical carcinoma in developing countries like India is because of lack of proper screening methods and lack of health infrastructure which allows for periodical and routine screening. Potential threat of cancer has reduced significantly in developed countries, due to Papanicolaou smear screening programs. Papanicolaou smears or commonly referred as Pap smears is a cost effective and reproducible screening technique for diagnosing precursor lesions of cervical carcinoma. However, Pap test gives significant false positive (30%) (Sherman et al., 1994) and false negative (15-50%) results due to subjective test criteria (Arbyn et al., 2008). Apart from the Pap smear screening test, histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) and cervical carcinoma is considered as the age old “gold standard” method of diagnosis of cervical neoplasms. However this can also be biased by interobserver variability as reported before (Stoler & Schiffman, 2001). These factors limit, present screening programs and histopathological examination and emphasizes the need for the identification of specific biomarkers for dysplastic epithelial cells to aid in primary screening and lesion diagnosis.
The statistical research on the influence factors of college students' English level

With the rapid development of economy, English becomes more and more important, especially to university students, because it's related to their attainment of bachelor degree and job hunting. In this paper, we researched the students' English levels of some university in Hubei province with the Chi-square Test, and further analysed the influence factors (such as gender, specialty, score and Regional difference) on English levels. Our result of research showed that the influences of such factors on the university students' English levels are highly significant. At last, according to the present condition of English education of Hubei province, we provided some instructive suggestions based on our research.
Production of Particleboards from Hevea brasiliensis Clones and Castor Oil-based Polyurethane Resin

The economic exploitation of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) usage is primarily directed toward latex extraction. After the productive life of the rubber tree forest, the managed area is harvested for planting reformulation. The harvested wood is most often used for energy generation purposes. The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of using rubberwood waste and castor oil-based polyurethane resin in the production of particleboards. Homogeneous and heterogeneous panels were made with nominal dimensions of 500 x 500 mm and thicknesses of 10 mm using particles from GT1 and RRIM600 clones of the rubber tree and 12% castor oil-based polyurethane adhesive. The panels were pressed at 140 °C for 12 min with 40 kgf/cm2 specific pressure. Density, moisture content, thickness swelling, water absorption for 2 and 24 h, static bending, and internal bonding determinations were performed according to the Brazilian Standard (NBR) 14810-3 (2006) for the physical-mechanical panel characterization. The results show that using Hevea brasiliensis in particleboard production is viable. However, multilayer boards exhibited better results.
Fall severity and bone mineral density as risk factors for hip fracture in ambulatory elderly.

OBJECTIVE To determine the relative importance of fall characteristics, body habitus, and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) in predicting hip fracture in community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Community-based academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 149 ambulatory, community-dwelling fallers (126 women, 23 men) aged 65 years and older, including 72 case patients (fallers with hip fracture) and 77 control fallers (fallers with no hip fracture). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fall characteristics, body habitus, femoral BMD. RESULTS Significant and independent risk factors for hip fracture in both sexes were direction of the fall (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3 to 14.0; P < .001); femoral neck BMD (a decrease of 1 SD; adjusted OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.6; P < .001); potential energy of the fall (an increase of 1 SD; adjusted OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.5 to 5.2; P < .001); and body mass index (a decrease of 1 SD; adjusted OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.8; P < .01). Importantly, the OR for the fall direction was unaffected by the addition or removal of BMD from the model. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that among elderly fallers--in most of whom hip BMD is already less than the fracture threshold--fall characteristics and body habitus are important risk factors for hip fracture and touch on a domain entirely missed by knowledge of BMD. These data suggest new targets for preventive therapy. In addition to the maintenance of bone density, reductions in fall severity (eg, by use of trochanteric padding or enhancement of muscle strength) may provide additional strategies for prevention of hip fracture in this age group.
Relationship between serum bilirubin levels and optic neuritis

Background Bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism and has strong antioxidant properties. Serum bilirubin levels are reported to be reduced in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The pathophysiology of optic neuritis (ON) resembles that of MS; however, the role of endogenous bilirubin in ON is unclear. The aim of this study is to measure serum bilirubin levels in patients with ON, and to investigate the correlation between ON and serum antioxidant status of bilirubin. Methods Serum levels of bilirubin were measured in 42 patients with ON, 50 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 48 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and 48 healthy control subjects. Results Serum total bilirubin (Tbil), direct bilirubin (Dbil) and indirect bilirubin (Ibil) levels in patients with ON were significantly lower than those in the healthy controls. However, no statistical significance was found between levels in the ON and MS, ON and NMO, and MS and NMO groups. In patients with ON, serum Tbil, Dbil, and Ibil levels were lower in those with recurrence or those with ON for a longer duration (≥1 year). Moreover, Tbil, Dbil, and Ibil concentrations were lower in patients with papillitis than in those with retrobulbar type ON, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions Low antioxidant status may exist in patients with ON. But serum levels of Tbil, Dbil, and Ibil did not correlate with clinical presentations, such as recurrence, duration of disease and subtypes of ON. Low antioxidant status already existed in MS or NMO patients before systemic symptoms appeared.
Aseptic meningitis outbreak caused by echovirus 30 in two regions in Bulgaria, May–August 2012

SUMMARY An aseptic meningitis outbreak emerged in two regions in Bulgaria in 2012 and echovirus 30 (E30) was established as the aetiological agent by cell culture isolation, serological test, and molecular-based techniques. A total of 157 patients with aseptic meningitis were investigated, of which 117 were confirmed as having E30-associated disease. Molecular analysis of 12 E30 isolates revealed 99–100% nucleotide and amino-acid identity between them and a close correlation with a Greek strain involved in an E30 outbreak in 2012. Children aged 5–14 years were mainly affected, which could reflect the absence of E30 epidemics in Bulgaria for a period of 11 years. The first case with E30 isolation (a 2-year-old patient from Plovdiv) was notified at the end of April 2012. This was most likely the index case, from which the spread of the virus started, causing sporadic cases first, which later led to an aseptic meningitis outbreak facilitated by person-to-person viral transmission.