Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nontronite Topotaxial after Hedenbergite

Hedenbergitic pyroxene alters topotaxially to the smectite nontronite following loss of Ca, Mg, and some Si, oxidation of the ferrous iron, and hydration. One unit cell of nontronite forms pseudomorphically from lt/z unit cells of pyroxene with no volume change; the b axes in nontronite and pyroxene are parallel but cpy, equals a,ons so that droo for pyroxene becomes doo, for nontronite. The nucleation of nontronite proceeds from cracks, but firstformed domains, which are about 50 X 10 X 3 nm, are distributed homogeneously over small (micron) areas within the pyroxene. It is postulated that these domains form by a process similar to crystallographic shear. Silicon-ferric iron, tetrahedral-octahedral chains slip 7z[0l]o"* to reconnect as'talc'layers after loss of Ca, Mg, Si, and O has left room for movement. The resulting clear, yellow, nontronite crystals are one-dimensionally disordered, and have composition (Ko.ouCaoro) (AloouFe! .+noMgo.ur)SisOro(O,OH)4'4.3 HrO.
Variability in Proximate Analysis of Twelve Selected Elite Pigeonpea Genotypes Across Varied Agro-Ecological Zones in Kenya

Pigeonpea [ Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ] is a legume crop majorly grown in semi-arid tropics as a warm-season perennial that is depended on by more than a billion people mainly in Asia and Africa as their main source of protein. The study was carried out to assess variation in nutritional quality and determine influence of environmental factors on nutritional composition among 12 elite pigeonpea genotypes through proximate analysis based on AOAC official methods. The field experiment was conducted in four varied agro-ecological zones (Kabete, Kerio Valley, UoE and Kiboko) in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The genotypes and environment varied significantly (P≤ 0.05) for all the parameters measured except for lipids. The mean proximate composition results of the 12 pigeonpea genotype seed samples across the four environments were; moisture (9.597), lipids (1.948), ash (3.89), protein (21.049) and Carbohydrates (63.51) g/100g. Kabete and Kerio Valley scored the highest level of proteins (22.02 & 21.99 g/100 g) respectively while university of Eldoret recorded the least (19.4 g/100 g). The identified potential genotypes with high protein and ash content can be utilized in breeding for better nutritional quality to enhance nutritional and food security. Keywords: Pigeonpea, malnutrition, food security, proximate analysis, agro-ecological zones
Pore size controls on the base of the methane hydrate stability zone in the Kumano Basin, offshore Japan

The base of the methane hydrate stability zone (MHSZ) in the Kumano Basin, offshore Japan, is marked by a bottom‐simulating reflection (BSR) on seismic data. At Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site C0002, which penetrates this BSR, the in situ temperature profile combined with bulk seawater methane equilibrium conditions suggest that the base of the MHSZ is 428 m below seafloor (bsf), which is 28 m deeper than the observed BSR (400 m bsf). We found that submicron pore sizes determined by mercury injection capillary pressure are sufficiently small to cause 64% of the observed uplift of the base of the MHSZ by the Gibbs‐Thomson effect. This is the most thorough characterization of pore sizes within the MHSZ performed to date and illustrates the extent to which pore size can influence MHSZ thickness. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering lithology and pore structure when assessing methane hydrate stability conditions in marine sediments.
Productivity of Tomato in the Greenhouse Using Bee Pollination

A green house was installed in October 2014. The aim was to increase tomato productivity in the greenhouse using bee pollination. The tomato plant and fruits in the greenhouse were healthier than those in the open field, attaining a maximum weight of 410 gms, for the tomato. The fruit means were: 213 and 162 gms for the inside and outside, respectively. This was highly significant (t=5.39; df=744.2; p<0.001). Similarly, the average weights of the first tomato fruits on each branch were: 117gms and 110 gms in the greenhouse and open field, respectively. The maximum number of fruits per branch in the greenhouse was eleven fruits whereas those on the outside plot were eight. Thus, productivity was higher in the greenhouse plants, with a longer production period, compared to the plants on the outside plot, due to honeybee pollination. Both the greenhouse and outside field plot tomatoes were affected by the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, with time, curtailing further fruit production.
Hyaluronic acid and autologous synovial fluid induce chondrogenic differentiation of equine mesenchymal stem cells : a preliminary study

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the potential to differentiate into distinct mesenchymal tissues including cartilage, which suggest these cells as an attractive cell source for cartilage tissue engineering approaches. Our objective was to study the effects of TGF-! 1, hyaluronic acid and synovial fluid on chondrogenic differentiation of equine MSC. For that, bone marrow was aspirated from the tibia of one 18-month-old horse (Haflinger) and MSC were isolated using percoll-density centrifugation. To promote chondrogenesis, MSC were centrifuged to form a micromass and were cultured in a medium containing 10 ng/ml TGF-! 1 or 0.1mg/ml hyaluronic acid (Hylartil®, Ostenil®) or either 5%, 10% or 50% autologous synovial fluid as the chondrogenesis inducing factor. Differentiation along the chondrogenic lineage was documented by type II collagen and proteoglycan expression. MSC induced by TGF-! 1 alone showed the highest proteoglycan expression. Combining TGF-! 1 with hyaluronic acid could not increase the proteoglycan expression. Cultures stimulated by autologous synovial fluid (independent of concentration) and hyaluronic acid demonstrated a pronounced, but lower proteoglycan expression than cultures stimulated by TGF-! 1. The expression of cartilage-specific type II collagen was high and about the same in all stimulated cultures. In summary, hyaluronic acid and autologous synovial fluid induces chondrogenesis of equine mesenchymal stem cells, which encourage tissue engineering applications of MSC in chondral defects, as the natural environment in the joint is favorable for chondrogenic differentiation. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sensitivity of radiative properties of persistent contrails to the ice water path

Abstract. The dependence of the radiative properties of persistent linear contrails on the variability of their ice water path is assessed in a two-stream radiative transfer model. It is assumed that the ice water content and the effective size of ice crystals in aged contrails do not differ from those observed in natural cirrus; the parameterization of these two variables, based on a correlation with ambient temperature derived from in situ observations, allows a more realistic representation than the common assumption of fixed values for the contrail optical depth and ice crystal effective radius. The results show that the large variability in ice water content that aged contrails may share with natural cirrus, together with an assumed contrail vertical thickness between 220 and 1000 m, translate into a wider range of radiative forcings from linear contrails [1 to 66 m Wm−2] than that reported in previous studies, including IPCC's [3 to 30 m Wm−2]. Further field and modelling studies of the temporal evolution of contrail properties will thus be needed to reduce the uncertainties associated with the values assumed in large scale contrail studies.
Storage of cork oak (Quercus suber L., 1753) acorns and effect of storage duration on seedlings vigour : artificial regeneration implications.

RÉSUMÉ. — Conservation des glands de Chêne-liège (Quercus suber L., 1753) et effet de la durée de conservation sur la vigueur des plants : implications pour la régénération artificielle de l’espèce. — Afin de pallier l’irrégularité des glandées de Chêne-liège et de pouvoir faire le semis des glands au bon moment, le recours à la conservation des glands est incontournable. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail était de rechercher une technique de conservation permettant de maintenir le plus longtemps possible la viabilité de ces semences récalcitrantes. À cet effet, l’aptitude à la conservation des glands récoltés de deux provenances a été suivie pendant une durée de 21 mois. Après un tri rigoureux, les glands apparaissant sains ont été soumis à trois durées de ressuyage différentes, emballés dans quatre types de contenants et mis en conservation en chambre froide maintenue entre 0 et 2°C. Après chaque trois mois de conservation, 500 glands sont extraits de chaque modalité pour déterminer la teneur en eau des glands, leur pouvoir germinatif et les pertes en glands. En outre, une expérience a été conduite en pépinière avec des glands conservés afin de vérifier s’ils étaient aptes à fournir des plants de qualité suffisante. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les glands de Chêne-liège peuvent être conservés en bon état au moins jusqu’à 21 mois. Il apparaît, par ailleurs, que la durée de conservation dépend de l’origine des glands et du ressuyage subi avant conservation. Les fûts plastiques fermés sont plus appropriés à la conservation des glands que les fûts ouverts et les sachets en polyéthylènes testés dans cette étude. Une teneur en eau initiale des glands comprise entre 37 et 40% est recommandée avant mise en conservation. En outre, les résultats de l’essai conduit en pépinière montrent que les glands conservés plus d’une année dans les fûts fermés fournissent des plants plus vigoureux et que le semis des glands en avril semble propice pour l’élevage des plants en pépinière. Certainement, cette longue durée de bonne conservation connue pour les glands de cette espèce revêt un grand intérêt pratique pour sa régénération, constitue une base pour la conservation à long terme des semences et pour de futures recherches pour expliquer la perte de viabilité des semences récalcitrantes.
Evaluate the Relationship between Risk Management and Working Capital Management in Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the Time Period of 2010-2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between risk management and working capital management in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the time period of 2010-2015. The sample includes total of 104 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To test research hypothesis, risk management is considered as the independent variable, and working capital management is considered as the dependent variable. The results of panel data analysis showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between risk management and working capital indicators. That is, managers increase the level of investment in working capital to decrease the level of risk. Moreover, the results indicate that both operation working capital and liquid working capital is affected by risk management.
Carbon Storage and Climate Change Mitigation Potential of the Forests of the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

The study assessed land cover change, carbon stock and sequestration potential of Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia. Landscape was stratified into four zones based on the vegetation ecology and land uses: Afro-alpine grassland (AAGL), Afro-alpine woodland (AAWL), Afro-montane forest (AMF) and Cultivated and overgrazed land (COL). 40 sample plots were taken randomly (10 from each zone). Nested plot design with size of 50m*50m and subplots of 20m*20m, 10m*10m, 5m*5m, 2m*2m and 1m*1m was used for the measurement of trees of different diameter classes. Soil sampling was done at the four corners of the 10m*10m subplots to a depth of 30cm and taken to laboratory for analysis along with litter and undergrowth. Allometric equation was used for determination of above ground biomass (AGB) carbon. Below ground biomass (BGB) carbon was taken as 24% of AGB carbon. Land cover change was analyzed comparing satellite images of different periods. It was found that the COL has increased from 20% in 1972 to 48% in 2013. As a result, the AMF and AAWL have shrunk by nearly 50%. A future projection with a simple linear model indicated 73ha and 251.3ha of annual deforestation rate in the AAWL and AMF zones respectively, implying that it will take only 71 and 49 years for the AMF and AAWL respectively to be completely lost. Above ground carbon (AGC), below ground carbon (BGC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) holds 34.4%, 8.3% and 55.2% of the total carbon stock respectively. Dead wood and Litter Biomass together contributed only to the 2.2%. From land cover point of view AMF, AAGL, AAWL and COL stored 47.5%, 22%, 20.9% and 9.6% of the total carbon stock in the area respectively. A linear regression of Shannon diversity index against total carbon and AGC was calculated for AMF zone and as such no strong relationship was found for the total C (R 2 = 0.242) and also AGC (R 2 = 0.337), but it appeared that the stored carbon tends to decrease as the Shannon diversity index increases.
An Evaluation of the Accuracy of Models for the Determination of the Weighted Mean Temperature of the Atmosphere

The estimates of the zenith wet delay resulting from the analysis of data from space techniques, such as GPS and VLBI, have a strong potential in climate modeling and weather forecast applications. In order to be useful to meteorology, these estimates have to be converted to precipitable water vapor, a process that requires the knowledge of the weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere, which varies both in space and time. In recent years, several models have been proposed to predict this quantity. Using a database of mean temperature values obtained by ray-tracing radiosonde profiles of more than 100 stations covering the globe, and about 2.5 year’s worth of data, we have analyzed several of these models. Based on data from the European region, we have concluded that the models provide identical levels of precision, but different levels of accuracy. Our results indicate that regionally-optimized models do not provide superior performance compared to the global models.
The Relationship Between Economic Deprivation and Emerging Inhibitory Control in Young Children

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC DEPRIVATION AND EMERGING INHIBITORY CONTROL IN YOUNG CHILDREN. Rachel S. Weston, David J. Bridgett, Linda C. Mayes. Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. An extensive body of research has documented detrimental effects of growing up in poverty on children’s global cognitive development, particularly when economic deprivation occurs in early childhood. However, little is known about the impact of poverty on children’s component neurocognitive capacities. The prefrontal cortex is one brain region, responsible for the executive control functions, that has a prolonged period of postnatal development and therefore may be especially susceptible to environmental influences like poverty. Inhibitory control is an important executive function to investigate because it appears to be a significant predictor of language and math skills in preschool and later school years. In the current study, we hypothesized that children living in more economically disadvantaged families would have delayed development of their inhibitory control abilities and would have altered developmental trajectories with increasing developmental lag compared to children living in more economically advantaged families. The current study employed latent growth curve modeling to model the developmental trajectories of inhibitory control for a cohort of 125 children followed longitudinally between ages 5 and 8. Commission errors from a picture AX Continuous Performance Task were used to measure inhibitory control. Consistent with developmental expectations, we found that as children get older, they make progressively fewer inhibitory control errors (age 5 mean = 19.86 vs. age 8 mean = 4.76). Significant interindividual differences were also present in both slope and intercept factors. Adding child gender and income-to-need ratio at age 5 to the model as predictors, we found that both factors accounted for significant interindividual differences, together explaining 12 percent of the variance in the intercept (i.e., 5-year-old inhibitory control ability). This predictor model provided an excellent fit for the data. At age 5, male children made more inhibitory control errors than female children. Also, children from more economically disadvantaged families made more inhibitory control errors than their peers from more advantaged families. An unexpected finding was that child gender and income-to-need at age 5 did not account for significant interindividual differences in trajectory slope (i.e., no developmental lag was observed). These results suggest that the impact of economic deprivation on prefrontal cortex development and subsequent development of inhibitory control occurs early (before age 5), putting children on a particular trajectory based on this early exposure to poverty. Tailoring interventions (e.g., early education programs) to reinforce executive functions like inhibitory control below the age of 5 years could potentially maximally improve cognitive outcomes among lowincome children.
Unions on the edge? Industrial relations in multinational companies

Introduction The extent and nature of collective employee representation in multinational companies (MNCs) in Ireland has been the subject of intense debate over recent decades. Yet despite numerous commentaries on this and other aspects of industrial relations (IR) in MNCs in Ireland, we have no overall, authoritative picture of the ways in which MNCs manage IR (cf. McDonnell et al., 2007). This chapter reports findings from the first large-scale representative survey of employment practice in MNCs in Ireland. Using data from some 260 MNCs, we present findings on key aspects of IR practice, particularly in regard to trade union recognition and avoidance, collective bargaining and European Works Councils (EWCs).
Effects of non-consumptive leisure disturbance to wildlife

Human leisure activities are becoming more and more various and widespread, which may increase their potential consequences for wildlife in terms of disturbance. This paper summarizes existing knowledge on the effect of non-consumptive (i.e. not hunting nor fishing) leisure activities on wildlife. The aim is not to provide an exhaustive literature review but through the selection of relevant literature to examine the various aspects of the subject. First, we present the different definitions of disturbance, list the types of activities most likely to affect wildlife, and the species or taxonomic groups generally considered as being the most susceptible. Then, we summarize the various means of measuring the effects of disturbance, highlighting the fact that, though generally most obvious, changes in animal behaviour are not necessarily the most appropriate index of disturbance. Then we present the various scales at which disturbance has been studied, from individual behaviour to population dynamics. Finally, we suggest further research priorities, especially the recognized need for more experimental studies and studies of long-term effects of disturbance on individual fitness, hence population dynamics, since it is at this scale that appropriate management measures of disturbance have to be taken in the future
Award Number: W81XWH-05-1-0272 TITLE: Biological Function of Plasma Kallikrein in Mammary Gland Stromal Development and Tumor Metastasis

s/presentations: The investigator presented data from Task 2 of this award in a poster entitled: “Biological function for plasma kallikrein in mammary gland involution” at the Gordon Research Conference on Plasminogen Activation and Extracellular Proteolysis, February 2008. This poster received an American Heart Association 2008 Poster Award. The abstract is included in this report as Appendix 4.
What Predicts Middle School Girls' Interest in Computing?

Despite strong claims that middle school is a critical period for getting girls interested in computing, there is little research to guide the development of interventions. Many programs that target girls build on Eccles’ expectancy-value model, which focuses on expectations for success, values, and support from others. However, there is little research to justify the use of this model to guide efforts to increase interest in computing during middle school. To test the model, we analyzed data from 140 Latina and white girls in a California middle school collected on the first day of an IT-intensive after school program. The strongest direct predictor of girls’ interest in computing classes and careers was the extent to which they see value in computing, in particular their technological curiosity. Perceived support from school peers and teachers also had a direct effect, while perceived support from parents had an indirect effect via values. Expectations for success did not explain interest in computing. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Does ethnic conflict impede or enable employee innovation behavior?: The alchemic role of collaborative conflict management

Purpose The main objective of the study is to investigate whether a societal context of ethnic conflict influences employee innovation behavior in the work domain, and whether a collaborative conflict management style adopted by supervisors plays a moderating role. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the conflict, organizational behavior and innovation literature, the study examines the main and interaction effects of employee sensitivity to ethnic conflict, organizational frustration, and collaborative conflict management style of supervisors on employee engagement with colleagues to innovate products, services, and job processes. Hypotheses are tested using hierarchical regression analysis, controlling for ethnic diversity in workgroups. Findings Employee innovation behavior is greatest when employee sensitivity to ethnic conflict is high, organizational frustration is low, and when supervisors are perceived to be highly collaborative in managing conflict, regardless of whether the workgroup is ethnically homogenous or diverse. Research limitations/implications The research findings expand our knowledge of the effects of sociopolitical conflict on employee behavior and the role of collaborative conflict management. Future research can address limitations including self-reports, cross-sectional design, and single country setting. Practical implications The findings suggest that employee innovation behavior can be enhanced through developing collaborative conflict management skills of those in leadership positions. Originality/value This is the first study to empirically examine the influence of ethnic conflict on employee innovation behavior, and is of value to businesses operating in conflict settings.
Settlement and recruitment of the New Zealand sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus

Settlement and recruitment of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus was determined by a series of field and laboratory experiments on the South Island of New Zealand. Using settlement samplers, we monitored settlement of larvae at 1 to 2 mo intervals during 1992, 1993 and 1994. Recruitment over the same period was monitored from 3 to 8 mo intervals by quantifying both the density and percentage in the population of recruits (juveniles oyster shell > aged rock > aged plastic) and for surfaces with older biofilms. Given the findings of the current research, settlement samplers may be one tool that can increase our understanding of relative settlement intensity and other recruitment processes in E. chloroticus, and aid in the sustain- able management of this species.