Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thinning Knowledge: An Interpretive Field Study of Knowledge-Sharing Practices of Firms in Three Multinational Contexts

Knowledge is often tacit and “sticky,” that is, highly context-specific and, therefore, costly to transfer to a different setting. This article examines the methods used by firms to facilitate cross-site knowledge sharing by “thinning” knowledge, that is, by stripping knowledge of its contextual richness. An interview-based study of cross-site knowledge sharing in three industries (consulting, industrial materials, and high-tech products) indicates that highly developed knowledge-sharing systems do not necessarily involve extensive codification and recombination of personalized knowledge. Many multinational firms evidently conceive their knowledge-sharing systems with more modest objectives in mind than any large-scale “learning spirals” featuring iterative conversion of personalized knowledge into codified knowledge and vice versa. A typology of knowledge-thinning systems is derived by interpreting the field study results from the perspective of knowledge-thinning methods used in earlier eras of history. The typology encompasses topographical, statistical, and diagrammatic knowledge-thinning systems.
Use of Pasteurised and N-Organic-Enriched Sewage Sludge (Biosolid) as Organic Fertiliser for Maize Crops: Grain Production and Soil Modification Evaluation

Trough plot-field essay, the effects of two pasteurised-N-enriched sludge loading (3000, 7000 kg ha−1) on Zea mays L. crop were studied for grain production and soil modifica‐ tions evaluation. The results of pasteurised sewage sludge application (Plateau-ASP– Active Sludge Pasteurization-ActiSolids©) showed a more grain production by the two biosolid doses in comparison with mineral fertilization (NPK: 15:15:15, 1270 kg ha−1). The organic fertilization produced 11 tons ha−1 (grain dry matter) by 9 tons ha−1 (grain dry matter) for mineral application. No relationships were found between N and P application and grain production. The bisolid application (just for the large dose) derived in a low pH [with a low-aluminium saturation (%)], and low C: N, C: P and N: P soil ratios too, with a P soil content increment. By other hand, the heavy metal soil contents (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hi, Hg) are below Galiza-Spanish legislation levels (DOG 107/2012).
Segmenting the Ethnic Restaurant Market:A Test of the Moderating Effect of Restaurant Type on Attributes/Satisfaction Relationship

The purposes of this study are: 1) to segment ethnic restaurant market on a basis of customer preferences and types of ethnic restaurant; 2) to assess the effects of dining attributes on customers’ satisfaction and post-dining behavior intentions; and 3) to test the moderating effects of ethnic restaurant types and culture (ethnic and non-ethnic customers) on the relationship between dining attributes and satisfaction. The empirical results from this study will provide insight into customers’ needs and preferences in the ethnic restaurant market. This information might help restaurant managers to develop product services that are tailored to specific needs of customers.
Cardio-arterial Bullet embolization; a dilemma to cardiac surgeon

Introduction: cardio-arterial bullet embolization is an extremely rare presentation of penetrating chest trauma. the aim of this case report is to present and discuss a case of delayed cardio-arterial bullet embolization causing challenges in the management. case report: A 13-year-old girl presented with bullet injury in the chest, the inlet was from the left back, medial to the lower end of scapula without outlet. On admission, the patient was dyspneic, and tachycardic. chest-X-ray and computed tomography showed left side hemopneumothorax, multiple rib fractures with a metallic shadow in the apex of the heart. tube thoracostomy was inserted followed by echocardiography which showed the bullet in the left ventricle. Under general anesthesia, the pericardial sac was opened, the bullet was palpated for a moment but disappeared. Intraoperative chest-X-ray was done and the bullet could not be visualized. the patient was closed. In the next day, peripheral angiography showed the bullet in the left common iliac artery, the patient was admitted back to the operative room the bullet was extracted. conclusion: Missile embolization is a rare and unique Ashur Y. Oraha1, Fitoon F. Yaldo2, Fahmi H. Kakamad3,4 Affiliations: 1College of Medicine, Duhok University, Duhok, Kurdistan, Iraq; 2Sulaimani Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; 3University of Sulaimani, Old campus, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; 4Kscien Organization for Scientific Research, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq. Corresponding Author: Fahmi H. Kakamad, Zerinok, Sulaiman, Kurdistan Regnion, Iraq; Email: fahmi.hussein@ univsul.edu. iq. Received: 29 January 2018 Accepted: 06 March 2018 Published: 16 April 2018 phenomenon yet it requires special attention and thorough knowledge because it might lead to catastrophic sequels.
Financial Contracting: A Survey of Empirical Research and Future Directions

We review recent evidence and future directions for empirical research on financial contracting in the context of corporate finance. Specifically, we survey evidence pertaining to incentive conflicts, control rights, collateral, renegotiation, and interactions between financial contracts and other governance mechanisms. We also discuss directions for future research, concluding that the financial contracting approach offers a potentially fruitful perspective for empirical researchers seeking to better understand a variety of issues in corporate finance including capital structure, investment policy, payout policy, and corporate governance.
Lack of Correlation between CCL5 -28C/G Functional Polymorphism and Multiple Sclerosis in Tunisian Patients

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system (CNS) of a still unknown etiology. CCL5 is localized in white matter tracts undergoing demyelination, suggesting that this chemokine participates in the pathogenesis of disease by attracting inflammatory cells into the CNS. The CCL5 -28C/G functional polymorphism have been reported to be associated with multiple sclerosis, however, evidence remains conflicting. In the current study, we investigated distibution of the CCL5-28C/G in 51 patients with multiple sclerosis in comparison to 162 healthy blood donors. The data revealed no significant differences in the distribution of the CCL5-28C/G polymorphism in multiple sclerosis patients compared with the control group. To conclude, our study showed no association between CCL5 -28C/G polymorphism and risk development of multiple sclerosis in Tunisian patients.
A study to investigate reproducibility of chewing behaviour of human subjects within session recordings for different textured Indian foods using electromyography

The objective of this study was to examine the reproducibility of twelve mastication variables for entire duration of chewing, variables per chew and at three different stages (early, middle and late). Electromyography (EMG) of eight human subjects was conducted for two different recordings in a session. The mastication variables were recorded as the bioelectrical activity of masseter muscles observed during chewing of five different textured foods. Correlation coefficients were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) for two different recordings of foods. Thus it was concluded from this study that chewing behaviour is highly reproducible within a session for human subjects during electromyography.
University of Southern Denmark Statistical meandering wake model and its application to yaw-angle optimisation of wind farms

The wake produced by a wind turbine is dynamically meandering and of rather narrow nature. Only when looking at large time averages, the wake appears to be static and rather broad, and is then well described by simple engineering models like the Jensen wake model (JWM). We generalise the latter deterministic models to a statistical meandering wake model (SMWM), where a random directional deflection is assigned to a narrow wake in such a way that on average it resembles a broad Jensen wake. In a second step, the model is further generalised to wind-farm level, where the deflections of the multiple wakes are treated as independently and identically distributed random variables. When carefully calibrated to the Nysted wind farm, the ensemble average of the statistical model produces the same wind-direction dependence of the power efficiency as obtained from the standard Jensen model. Upon using the JWM to perform a yaw-angle optimisation of wind-farm power output, we find an optimisation gain of 6.7% for the Nysted wind farm when compared to zero yaw angles and averaged over all wind directions. When applying the obtained JWM-based optimised yaw angles to the SMWM, the ensemble-averaged gain is calculated to be 7.5%. This outcome indicates the possible operational robustness of an optimised yaw control for real-life wind farms.
Explaining Public Support for Climate Change Mitigation Policies - An Analytical Framework

The literature has identified many important drivers of climate change mitigation policy support behaviour (PS), such as perceived policy effectiveness (PE) and perceived adverse impacts of climate change (PI). However, it rarely explains the mechanism by which PE drives PS. Even though the literature warns against the over-use of PI in climate change communication, which is commonly known as the “fear appeal” approach, an explaining theoretical framework is seldom provided. Moreover, the literature also often neglects the extent to which the fundamental characteristics of mitigation initiatives affect policy preferences. This limitation derives from inadequate examination of the nature of the policies, as was as the deeper factorial structures of the behaviour’s determinants. Synchronising the social dilemma literature with major theories in the field such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the Risk Perception theory, the Extended Parallel Process Model, and the Risk Perception Attitude framework, this paper proposes an analytical framework that helps explain the variation in PS across the policies’ characteristics. The framework also suggests a mediating mechanism through which PE drives PS, and a moderating perspective, which may help theoretically verify the “fear appeal” caution. This paper also suggests that in addition to effectiveness, perceived policy feasibility should be included as an important aspect of individuals’ policy evaluation to explain PS. Discussions and further research suggestions are also offered.
Invertebrate community structure in streams of the Manawatu–Wanganui region, New Zealand: the roles of catchment versus reach scale influences

SUMMARY 1. Invertebrate communities at 187 least impacted streams in the Manawatu–Wanganui region of New Zealand were sampled between February and May 2000 to investigate the relative influence of catchment and reach scale environmental influences on community structure. 2. Of the 138 biological (fish and periphyton), local habitat and catchment scale descriptors used to examine invertebrate community patterns, alkalinity and conductivity were the most consistently influential predictors. 3. Of the 52 geographical information system (GIS)-derived catchment variables (catchment geology, catchment land use, rainfall and topography) only per cent catchment in pasture, indigenous forest, coastal sand, crushed argillite and wind blown sand were associated with any measures of the invertebrate communities. 4. Grouping of communities based on GIS data in general, did not generate distinct community types. Groupings based on river catchment, conductivity and alkalinity however, did produce distinct communities. 5. Streams with very low alkalinity were dominated by Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera that were gradually replaced by Mollusca, Crustacea and Chironomidae as alkalinity increases. 6. Habitat characteristics measured at the scale of the reach were more closely linked with measures of invertebrate community structure than any GIS derived variables or river classifications.
Implementation of Two-Axis Position-Based Impedance Control with Inverse Kinematics Solution for A 2-DOF Robotic Finger

Position-based impedance control is a force control approach which consists of a single control law that accommodates the external force to achieve the desired dynamics of the body. A previously developed three-fingered robot hand was very rigid in its motion due to the application of position control alone. The position control scheme was inadequate for the tasks that involves the interaction of a robot end-effector with its environment which could damage fragile objects or be prone to slippage when provided with incorrect object's position. This paper introduces the application of two-axis position-based impedance control to one of the 2 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic finger of the robot hand. The goal of the control is to produce a mass-spring-dashpot system for the robot hand which considers the external force exerted by the object or environment onto the finger to modify the targeted position of the robot's tip-end. The position-based impedance control which was successfully performed however could not directly drive the DC-micromotors at the finger joints since it was expressed in the Cartesian position (X,Y,Z) form. Therefore, inverse kinematics was derived using geometrical approach to convert the Cartesian position (X,Y,Z) to angle position of motor which is controlled by PID. The proposed control and the developed kinematics were programmed using Matlab Simulink and tested in real-time experiments. The validation result has proven that the proposed position-based impedance control could modify the initial fingertip position according to the amount and direction of the applied external force, thus produced softness to the robotic finger.
Species Richness, Community Organization, and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Earthworms in the Pineapple Agroecosystems of Tripura, India

The impact that plant communities may have on underground faunal diversity is unclear. Therefore, understanding the links between plants and organisms is of major interest. Earthworm population dynamics were studied in the pineapple agroecosystems of Tripura to evaluate the impact of monoculture plantation on earthworm communities. A total of thirteen earthworm species belonging to four families and five genera were collected from different sampling sites. Application of sample-based rarefaction curve and nonparametric richness estimators reveal 90–95% completeness of sampling. Earthworm community of pineapple agroecosystems was dominated by endogeic earthworms and Drawida assamensis was the dominant species with respect to its density, biomass, and relative abundance. Vertical distribution of earthworms was greatly influenced by seasonal variations. Population density and biomass of earthworms peaked during monsoon and postmonsoon period, respectively. Overall density and biomass of earthworms were in increasing trend with an increase in plantation age and were highest in the 30–35-year-old plantation. Significant decrease in the Shannon diversity and evenness index and increase in Simpson’s dominance and spatial aggregation index with an increase in the age of pineapple plantation were recorded. Soil temperature and soil moisture were identified as the most potent regulators of earthworm distribution in the pineapple plantation.
DARK MATTER HALO MODELS OF STELLAR MASS-DEPENDENT GALAXY CLUSTERING IN PRIMUS+DEEP2 AT 0.2 < z < 1.2

We utilize ΛCDM halo occupation models of galaxy clustering to investigate the evolving stellar mass dependent clustering of galaxies in the PRIsm MUlti-object Survey (PRIMUS) and DEEP2 Redshift Survey over the past eight billion years of cosmic time, between 0.2 < z < 1.2 ? > . These clustering measurements provide new constraints on the connections between dark matter halo properties and galaxy properties in the context of the evolving large-scale structure of the universe. Using both an analytic model and a set of mock galaxy catalogs, we find a strong correlation between central galaxy stellar mass and dark matter halo mass over the range M halo ∼ 10 11 ? > – 10 13 h − 1 M ⊙ ? > , approximately consistent with previous observations and theoretical predictions. However, the stellar-to-halo mass relation and the mass scale where star formation efficiency reaches a maximum appear to evolve more strongly than predicted by other models, including models based primarily on abundance-matching constraints. We find that the fraction of satellite galaxies in halos of a given mass decreases significantly from z ∼ 0.5 ? > to z ∼ 0.9 ? > , partly due to the fact that halos at fixed mass are rarer at higher redshift and have lower abundances. We also find that the M 1 / M min ? > ratio, a model parameter that quantifies the critical mass above which halos host at least one satellite, decreases from ≈ 20 ? > at z ∼ 0 ? > to ≈ 13 ? > at z ∼ 0.9 ? > . Considering the evolution of the subhalo mass function vis-à-vis satellite abundances, this trend has implications for relations between satellite galaxies and halo substructures and for intracluster mass, which we argue has grown due to stripped and disrupted satellites between z ∼ 0.9 ? > and z ∼ 0.5 ? > .
The Effect of Permanent Employment on Absenteeism: Evidence from Labor Reform in Spain

Restrictive employment protection legislation has been highlighted as a key reason for lower labor productivity in Europe compared to the United States. Evidence in the literature has shown robust effects of employment protection on effort, though the effects appear too small to generate marked cross-country differences in labor productivity. The authors revisit this issue using representative data of private-sector workers in Spain. A range of legislative changes aimed at reducing the incidence of temporary employment are used to estimate the effect of permanent employment on one aspect of effort, absenteeism. Results suggest that being employed on a permanent contract increases the probability of being absent from work due to sickness by approximately 5.3 percentage points and the time absent by approximately 0.30 of a day per week. These results suggest that cross-country differences in employment protection have the potential to have a substantial impact on labor productivity.
The radial gradient of the near-surface shear layer of the sun

Context. Helioseismology has provided unprecedented information about the internal rotation of the Sun. One of the important achievements was the discovery of two radial shear layers: one near the bottom of the convection zone (the tachocline) and one near the surface. These shear layers may be important ingredients for explaining the magnetic cycle of the Sun. Aims. We measure the logarithmic radial gradient of the rotation rate (dln Ω/dlnr) near the surface of the Sun using 15 years of f mode rotational frequency splittings from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) and four years of data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). Methods. We model the angular velocity of the Sun in the upper ∼10 Mm as changing linearly with depth and use a multiplicative optimally localized averaging inversion to infer the gradient of the rotation rate as a function of latitude. Results. Both the MDI and HMI data show that dln Ω/dlnr is close to −1 from the equator to 60 ◦ latitude and stays negative up to 75 ◦ latitude. However, the value of the gradient is different for MDI and HMI for latitudes above 60 ◦ . Additionally, there is a significant difference between the value of dln Ω/dlnr using an older and recently reprocessed MDI data for latitudes above 30 ◦ . Conclusions. We could reliably infer the value of dln Ω/dlnr up to 60 ◦ , but not above this latitude, which will hopefully constrain theories of the near-surface shear layer and dynamo. Furthermore, the recently reprocessed MDI splitting data are more reliable than the older versions which contained clear systematic errors in the high degree f modes.
How Susceptible are Repetitive Organizational Routines to a Technology Takeover

ion in the coding process (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). Finally, a selective way of coding was conducted to improve and steer the analysis towards the chosen theoretical framework that was used to analyse the gathered data. This enabled the author to make sense of the situation and draw connection to established literature within the field of organizational routines and technology. Interviews and Observations The findings of this study are based on 12 in-person interviews aiming at collecting information about situations which are not possible to observe directly and to gather opinions and views of the actors involved (Silverman, 2013). Interviews are the main tool of the qualitative research for data collection (Denzin & Yvonna, 1998; Janesick, 2000). The interviews have been held with involved actors such as managers, employees and suppliers and has provided access to a large amount of information. An agreement regarding the anonymity with all respondents was withheld thus avoiding any ethical conflicts between involved interviewees and favoured the ethical aspect of the study (Silverman, 2013). The aim of the broad set of interviewees was to gather an understanding of all involved parties in the routines and compare their perception of them. Below is an illustration of each interviews duration and interviewee title. Figure 3. Interviewee title and Duration. Further, ongoing talks via email, phone and unstructured interviews have also served as a supplement in addition to the semi-structured interviews. To keep the interviews semistructured and ensure that vital information would not be bypassed, an interview guide was used with 5 to 10 open-end questions. Interview-guides eases the setting up of an interview by providing an overview of what needs to be discussed and help to stay on the desired track (Jacobsen, 2002). The aim of the open-ended questions was to allow the respondents to express their thoughts freely about the subject and to enable room for more and deeper interpretations on the subject (Silverman, 2013). Respondents were introduced to the topic of discussion prior
Soziale erfahrung und Lebensphilosophie : Georg Simmels Beziehung zu Henri Bergson

Simmel war Soziologe und Lebensphilosoph. Sein Spatwerk ist durch Bergson gepragt. Seine Lebensphilosophie ist jedoch nicht denkbar ohne die soziologische Erkenntnistheorie vorauszusetzen, die er 1908 in der "Soziologie" vorlegte. So stellt sich Simmels "Lebensanschauung" als Ausdehnung seiner soziologischen Erfahrungstheorie auf die unterschiedlichen Kulturspharen heraus. Ihr Kern besteht in einer Begrundung der philosophischen Anthropologie, die auf Simmels Gesellschaftstheorie fust und pragend fur die anthropologische Debatte der 1920er Jahre war.
Strawberry fields forever?: Bulgarian and Romanian student workers in the UK

This article is based on fieldwork conducted among Romanian and Bulgarian students working under the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme in the UK. It shows how a public discourse on the benefits of and for immigrant seasonal workers silences the voices of these workers. It also discusses how a hidden transcript of the student workers shows they are deeply frustrated about their exploitation in terms of wages, living conditions, and the fact that they have come to the UK on false promises of cultural exchange and learning. The confinement of Bulgarian and Romanian immigrants—such as these student workers—to the unskilled and underpaid labor sector in the UK, which continues despite Romania and Bulgaria’s recent accession to the EU, not only reproduces the dual labor market in the UK itself but it also reduces Romania and Bulgaria to ‘second-hand’ EU members states.