Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ja n 20 17 ZU – TH 32 / 15 Non-manifest symmetries in quantum field theory

Non-manifest symmetries are an important feature of quantum field theories (QFTs), and yet their characteristics are not fully understood. In particular, the construction of the charge operators associated with these symmetries is ambiguous. In this paper we adopt a rigorous axiomatic approach in order to address this issue. It turns out that charge operators of nonmanifest symmetries are not unique, and that although this does not affect their property as generators of the corresponding symmetry transformations, additional physical input is required in order to determine how they act on states. Applying these results to the examples of spacetime translation and Lorentz symmetry, it follows that the assumption that the vacuum is the unique translationally invariant state is sufficient to uniquely define the charges associated with these symmetries. In the case of supersymmetry though there exists no such physical requirement, and this therefore implies that the supersymmetric charge, and hence the supersymmetric space of states, is not uniquely defined.
BREASTFEEDING COUNSELING IN MATERNITY HEALTH CARE CLINIC: the mothers’ experiences of support received from their spouses

1. INTRODUCTION . 8 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND . 11 2.1 Description of the data search . 11 2.2 Definition of breastfeeding and related concepts . 12 2.3 Barriers of breastfeeding . 13 2.4 Breastfeeding practices in maternal health care clinic . 15 2.5 Dimensions of breastfeeding counseling . 18 2.5.1 Suitable content of breastfeeding counseling . 18 2.5.2 Suitable phase of breastfeeding counseling . 20 2.5.3 Suitable methods of breastfeeding counseling . 21 2.6 External support from spouse and closed ones . 24 2.7 Summary of the theoretical background . 27 3. PURPOSE, AIMS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS . 30 3.1 Purpose . 30 3.2 Aim . 30 3.3 Research questions . 30 4. RESEARCH METHOD . 31 4.1 Study design . 31 4.2 Study Scale and its reliability . 31 4.3 Research site and data Collection . 33 4.4 Data analysis . 34 4.5 Ethical consideration . 35 5. RESULTS . 36 5.1 Description of the respondents . 36 5.2 Important breastfeeding issues according to respondent . 38 5.3 Breastfeeding issues discussed in maternal health care clinic . 40 5.4 Suitable method and appropriate phase for the breastfeeding counseling . 41 5.5 Experiences of mothers regarding the support from spouse and closed ones . 43 5.6 Summary of the results . 45
Moral and epistemic normativity: The guilty and the innocent

The error-theoretic view in metaethics is the position that moral discourse essentially misdescribes reality. This position has three components. First, in order to misdescribe reality, a discourse must be in the business of describing reality. One might object that moral discourse is not in the business of describing but rather of evaluating reality (actions, persons, states of affairs, etc.). However, of course the error theorist doesn’t deny that moral discourse is a way of evaluating reality, but she maintains that moral discourse accomplishes this end via speakers committing themselves to reality being a certain way: when one evaluates the act of torturing innocents as morally wrong, for example, one commits oneself to that action having the property of wrongness. This contrasts with a purely noncognitivist view of moral judgment. Second (following from the first), if one is describing or committing oneself to the world being a certain way, then the possibility arises that the world fails to play along. This is what the error theorist thinks about moral discourse: that reality just isn’t furnished with the properties and relations that would be required in order to render moral judgments true; thus users of moral discourse are making a mistake. This contrasts with the view of the “success theorist,” who maintains that the world does contain the properties required to render some (not all, obviously) moral judgments true. The third component is indicated by the word “essentially. ” The mistake that moral discourse makes is central to the very conceptual framework, such that were we to attempt to expunge the erroneous component, thereby committing ourselves to the world being a way that the world actually is, then the resulting discourse wouldn’t count literally as a “moral” discourse anymore. (Analogy: our erroneous “unicorn discourse” was essentially committed to horse-like animals with a single horn; when we discovered that the world contains no such creatures, we were not free to expunge the problematic “horn clause” and declare that we had been talking about actual horses all along.) This contrasts with the view of the revisionist success theorist, who accepts that although we often do make mistakes when employing moral discourse (or even, conceivably, always do), the conceptual framework that would result from the erroneous elements being excised would (i) still warrant the label “morality” and (ii) sometimes accurately describe reality. When discussing the error-theoretic view in metaethics it’s often useful to compare another kind of error theory with which we’re more familiar: atheism. It’s
The Feasibility of Electrochemical Chloride Extraction on Prestressed Concrete Structures

Chloride attack is a major cause of deterioration of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Chloride contamination can occur from the application of de-icing salts, from cast-in chlorides or from seawater as in marine structures. Traditional repair techniques of chloride contaminated concrete involve the cutting and removal of all contaminated concrete, an intrusive and mainly unnecessary action. Electrochemical extraction is the removal of chlorides from the vicinity of the reinforcement leaving all sound concrete intact. In a relatively short period (6 to 10 weeks) a relatively high potential is applied to the structure. The chloride ions migrate away from the reinforcement towards the external anode. The critical threshold for hydrogen generation of 0.94 VSCE in concrete is exceeded by electrochemical chloride extraction. Thus atomic hydrogen is created at the surface of the cathodically polarised reinforcement. High strength steels in prestressed concrete structures are susceptible to adsorb hydrogen and suffer from brittle fracture since they contain alloys, which facilitate the adsorption of hydrogen. The application of electrochemical chloride extraction on prestressed concrete structures has therefore been questioned. This article reviews the causes of hydrogen embrittlement in steel and relevant experiments on prestressed concrete. It can be concluded that the risk of hydrogen embrittlement in prestressed and post-tensioned concrete structures is overestimated and the application of electrochemical chloride extraction is feasible.
Optimization of Determination of Sucralose in Drink by HPLC

To optimize the method for determination of Sucralose in drink by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using HPLC with RID, operating conditions were C18 reversed phase chromatograph column, 40:60 = methanol: 0.125% potassium hydrophosphate as mobil phase, measured at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. In the range of 20 ~ 400 mg L, with the concentration of Sucralose and corresponding peak area as standard, r = 0.9999, it has good correlation, the recovery of sucralose is 94~108%. The lower limit of detection of Sucralose was 0.0024 g/kg. This method not only meets the requirements of national standards, but also fast, sensitive, and environmentally friendly, improves the detection efficiency and safety of the detection of sucralose in drink by high performance liquid chromatography.
The Effects of Microstructure Noise on Realized Volatility in the Live Cattle Futures Market by

Recently, U.S. live cattle futures prices have experienced high levels volatility which has raised concerns about the impact of high frequency trading. This paper identifies the market microstructure noise present in high frequency data and its implications for realized volatility of returns in live cattle futures markets from 2011 to 2015. Shortand long-term components of volatility are identified using nonparametric and semi-parametric procedures. While market microstructure noise is found to increase realized volatility when the sampling frequency is below 4-minute time intervals, the particularly high volatility in live cattle markets in 2015 is found to be strongly driven by market fundamentals, affected by supply and demand shocks. Important policy implications from the results are drawn.
ON SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH Numero 4 / 201 7 Disruptive technologies and competitive advantage of firms in dynamic markets Mario Coccia Working Paper

A fundamental problem in the field of management of technology is how firms develop and sustain disruptive technologies for competitive advantage in markets. The vast literature has analyzed several characteristics of disruptive innovations. However, the determinants are hardly known. The study here seems to show, in a market with high intensity of R&D investments (anticancer drugs), that the emergence of disruptive technologies can be driven by the coevolution of consequential problems and their solution in R&D labs of firms. In general, incumbent and entrant firms have a strong incentive to find innovative solutions to unsolved, consequential and new problems in order to achieve and sustain the prospect of a (temporary) profit monopoly and competitive advantage in markets with technological dynamisms. Overall, then this study shows one of the general sources of disruptive technologies that seems to support industrial and corporate change in a Schumpeterian world of innovation-based competition.
ON SEMIPRIME SEGMENTS OF RINGS

A semiprime segment of a ring R is a pair P2 C P\ of semiprime ideals of R such that ("") /" C P2 for all ideals I of R with P2 C / C P\. In this paper semiprime segments with Pl a comparizer ideal are classified as either simple, exceptional, or archimedean, extending to several classes of rings a classification known for right chain rings. These three types of semiprime segments are also characterized in terms of the pseudo-radical. 2000 Mathematics subject classification: primary 16D70, 16W99.
Duration of Action as an Important Characteristic of Antihypertensive Drugs

A variety of drugs are available for the treatment of hypertension. They have traditionally been characterized by their mode of action, e.g. diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers. Despite marked diff erences in the mechanisms decreases in blood pressure (BP), their prognostic eff ects appear to be similar. This has led to the consensus that BP lowering itself is the main mediator of the cardiovascular protection provided by antihypertensive therapy. Duration of action may be another important aspect to characterize antihypertensive drugs. Most of the available medication to be taken once daily will suffi ciently lower BP for a 24 hour period. However, non-compliance with antihypertensive therapy may markedly prolong the dosing interval when medication time points are delayed or even missed. In clinical trials with electronic medication monitoring, about 10% of the scheduled doses were omitted on any given day, almost half of those omissions being part of a sequence of several days. In the common scenario of a prolonged dosing interval drugs with prolonged effi cacy act as forgiving drugs in the sense that therapeutic coverage is provided in spite of irregular intake. The present review focusses on this important aspect of antihypertensive therapy and points to the fact that besides the thiazide-type diuretic chlorthalidone and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren is also characterized by prolonged effi cacy and thus, forgiveness.
Prominent HumanHealth Impacts from Several Marine Microbes : History , Ecology , and Public Health Implications

1 Center for Oceans and Human Health, Pacific Research Center for Marine Biomedicine, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, MSB no. 205, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA 2 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA 3 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 4 Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida and University of Miami Center for Oceans and Human Health, Key Biscayne, FL 33124-0630, USA 5 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California and University of Hawaii Center for Oceans and Human Health, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 6 National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 47770 Buford Highway NE MS F-46, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA
Emergent relational structures at a ” sharing economy ” festival

How do participants to an event engage with others ? This paper examines the emergent relational structure at a “sharing economy” festival, the 2016 OuiShare Fest. A multi-level network analysis design explores the linkages between participation patterns of the “elite” (speakers) and other participants, to unveil the social processes through which status hierarchies emerge and actors manage ensuing tensions. Newly developed specifications for exponential random graph models reveal a tension between cooperation (among actors with shared thematic interests) and competition for audience, whereby conformism and differential use of reciprocity in attendance relationships generate an informal pecking order.
CHANGES IN QUALITY PARAMETERS OF BREAD SUPPLEMENTED WITH OSA STARCH DURING STORAGE

Different methods are available for the monitoring of visual and structural changes during bread staling such as differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, enzymatic tests, sensory evaluations and/or crumb texture analysis. However, since they are often rather expensive and time consuming, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to monitor the progress of bread stalling by following the changes in bread crumb colour characteristics. In order to achieve this, the results of crumb colour changes observed 2, 24 and 72 h after baking were compared to the results of texture analysis and moisture migration. For this experiment different types of bread were prepared: control bread and bread supplemented with 5% of three types of modified octenyl succinate starches which were expected to retard stalling. The progressive loss in crumb humidity was observed during bread storage. Bread crumb firmness increased as a consequence of starch retrogradation and water loss which led to crumb shrinkage. Consequently, the changes in bread crumb colour occurred registered as the increase in crumb lightness and whiteness and decrease in yellowness. The addition of sodium octenyl succinate and pre-gelatinized sodium octenyl succinate starches resulted in bread crumbs with initially higher moisture content and more tender crumb texture in comparison to control bread. Moreover, bread formulations containing these two starches were characterised with lighter bread crumbs.
THE EFFECT OF TIG WELDING ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR FOR U-BEND SPECIMENS OF 316 L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL JOINTS IN SALINE SOLUTION

Corrosion behavior of three zones in 316L austenitic stainless-steel weld joints (base material BM, heat affected zone HAZ and weld metal WM) was studied in saline solution (5% NaCl) at room temperature. According to the potentiodynamic polarization and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), some microstructure variation in the BM and HAZ were found. By comparison between the L316L, LTIGF316L and LTIGV316L specimen, the presence of fatigue fracture in the BM for welded specimens was observed. Topography analysis has evidenced differences in the pits dimensions and shape for each specimen.
A Real-Business-Cycle Model with Reciprocity in Labor Relations and Fiscal Policy : The Case of Bulgaria

In this paper we introduce reciprocity in labor relations and government sector to investigate how well the real wage rigidity that results out of that arrangement explains business cycle fluctuations in Bulgaria. The reciprocity mechanism described in this paper follows Danthine and Kurmann (2010) and is generally consistent with micro-studies, e.g. Lozev et all. (2011) and Paskaleva (2016), while at the same time comes into contrast with models with efficiency wages of no-shirking type that emphasize the importance of aggregate labor market conditions as the main determinant in wage setting, e.g. Vasilev (2017). Rent-sharing considerations, and worker’s own past wages turn out to be the most important aspects of how labor contracting happens. In contrast, aggregate economic conditions, as captured by the employment rate, are not found to be quantitatively important for wage dynamics. Overall, the model with reciprocity and fiscal policy performs well vis-a-vis data, especially along the labor market dimension, and in addition dominates the market-clearing labor market framework featured in the standard RBC model, e.g Vasilev (2009).
Pressure Dependence of T g in Sili cate Glasses From Electrical Impedance Measurements

The effect of pressure P on the glass transition temperature Tg has been estimated from a temperature dependence of D.C. electric conductivity in alkaline (albite, haplogranitic composition) and alkaline earth (anorthite) silicate and silica glasses having. Below Tg, the activation energy of the D.C. electrical conductivity is less than that at T> Tg. The inflection point on the Arrhenius dependency of the D. C. electrical conductivity as a function of 1/T defines Tg. The D.C. conductivity has been estimated from the electrical impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 100 kHz 0.01 Hz using parallel plate and concentric cylinder capacitor cell geometries. The electrical impedance measurements have been performed in a controlled atmospheric furnace and in three types of high-pressure apparatuses: pistoncylinder, belt and multi-anvil presses. The Tg in anorthite glass varies with pressure as Tg= 848°C + 5.3°/GPa ·P (P is in GPa), in albite as Tg = 688°C – 9.4°/GPa·P, in haplograniti c glass as Tg = 777°C 45°/GPa· P, and in sili ca glass as Tg =1050°C + 50°/GPa·P. dTg/dP decreases with the pressure and the contrast between activation energies of the electrical conductivity below and above Tg is smeared out. Dielectric relaxation times calculated from the imaginary component of the dielectric modulus are several orders of magnitude smaller than structural relaxation times at Tg and become slower with increasing pressure. The activation energy of the dielectric relaxation of sili ca glass above Tg is equal to the activation energy of the structural relaxation. In albite glass, this activation energy correlates to the activation energy of the Na tracer diffusion coefficient. In sodium bearing glasses, Tg estimated from electrical conductivity is a “sodium ion mobilit y” Tg , corresponding to the temperature range of the overlapped α and β-relaxation processes and, is, therefore, shifted to lower temperatures in comparison with calorimetric and dilatometric Tg measurements. The activation energy of dielectric relaxation in anorthite increases with pressure having an activation volume of +10±5cm3/mol, and in albite glass the activation volume is smaller and negative –6.5±2 cm3/mol. Qualitatively, the pressure dependence of Tg in silicate glasses correlates with a pressure dependence of the shear viscosity, and, thus, the measurements of pressure dependence of Tg provide an indirect information of the melt rheology under pressure. Key word: glass transition, pressure, impedance spectroscopy, sili ca, albite, anorthite, haplogranite Bagdassarov et al. „Pressure dependence of Tg “ submitted to „Physics and Chemistry of Glasses“
Inspiration brought by Hovland ' s Persuasion Communication Theory to College Counselors

Ideological and political education is a communication activity in essence. Communication theory is also applied for it. Among the researches, Hovland's persuasion model is of referential significance in some ways. New media has a strong impact on the university’s ideological and political education, providing a broader field for communication. Counselors should start from shaping personal image, improving persuasive skills, give the function of opinion leader to full play and create education environment, etc in order to strengthen communication effect and increase the efficiency of ideological and political education.
CAN UNNATURAL STRESS PATTERNS BE LEARNED: NEW EVIDENCE FROM KLINGON

In a meta-analysis of acquisition studies based on artificial-phonology learning, Moreton & Pater (2012: 686) state that learning biases must exist since generalizations cannot be made without them (see also Pinker 1979; Mitchell 1980; or Gallistel et al. 1991). Moreton & Pater (2012) go on to argue that studies involving artificial-phonologies offer an important opportunity to study learning biases in near-isolation by carefully controlling the learning stimuli to facilitate a particular bias over any others.
Stock Exchange Merger and Liquidity

In recent years stock exchanges have increasingly been forming alliances or merging with each other. The impacts of such merger activity are largely unknown and this paper is among the first to empirically investigate the effects of stock exchange consolidation. The paper investigates the effects of the Euronext stock exchange merger on listed firms, i.e. the merger of stock exchanges in Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon and Paris. Specifically, it examines how exchange consolidation has affected stock liquidity and how the effect varies with firm type, i.e. what types of firms benefit the most in terms of stock liquidity. Answering how liquidity has changed – and for which firms – is a valuable contribution to evaluating possible motives for stock exchange merger and whether a cross-border merger is advisable. The results show asymmetric liquidity gains from the Euronext merger, where the positive effects are concentrated among big firms and firms with foreign sales. There is not a significant increase in stock liquidity of small or medium sized firms, nor of firms that only operate domestically. The merger is associated with an increase in Euronext’s market share, where the increase is drawn from the London Stock Exchange. JEL classification: F36, G15, G34.
fluctuating asymmetry constitute a sensitive biomarker of nutritional stress n house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) ?

Small random deviations from left–right symmetry in bilateral traits, termed fluctuating asymmetry (FA), are theoretically predicted to increase with environmental stress and believed to constitute a potential biomarker in conservation. However, reported relationships between FA and stress are generally weak and variable among organisms, traits and stresses. Here we test if, and to what extent, FA increases with nutritional stress, estimated from independent feather growth measurements, in free-ranging house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Ptilochronological feather marks showed significant heterogeneity among study plots, indicating that house sparrow populations were exposed to variable levels of nutritional