Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Mulching on Soil Hydro-Physical Properties in Kibaale Sub-catchment, South Central Uganda

Mulching is one of the major soil and water conservation measures applied for conserving soil moisture and modifying soil physical and chemical environment. The study aimed at assessing the effect of mulching on soil hydro-physical properties in Kibaale sub-catchment in South Central Uganda. Samples were obtained between 0-20 cm depths and under 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm mulch thickness levels. The experiment involved 3 farmers and 4 treatments of corn residue mulch thicknesses each replicated thrice on each of the farmer sites. The main parameters of study were; bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and water retention. The parameters were determined using core method, constant head method and pressure plates' method respectively. Laboratory data was statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) from Genstat software Edition 4 and the means differentiated using 5 % least significant difference (LSD). The application of mulch significantly improved all the soil hydro-physical properties that were studied (bulk density, Ksat, field capacity, wilting point, porosity, soil organic matter (SOM), mean weight diameter (MWD) after two seasons. The level of improvement was highest with 10 cm mulch thickness while Ksat, porosity and SOM varied significantly (P< 0.05) with mulch thickness. The study recommends the use of 10 cm mulch thickness. This study provides information to stakeholders such as agricultural experts, watershed managers, farmers and policy makers which will help in formulating guidelines on how to incorporate mulching as an effective method for soil and water conservation in the Sub-catchment.
PENGARUH INSENTIF TERHADAP KINERJA GURU PADA SMK MULIA BUANA BOGOR

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pemberian insentif, mengetahui kinerja guru dan mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh insentif terhadap kinerja Guru Pada SMK Mulia Buana Bogor. Berhubung populasi hanya 52 orang maka penulis menggunakan sampel jenuh dengan studi populasi. Jadi dalam penelitian ini penulis mengambil sampel sebanyak 52 orang. Tekhnik analisis data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan analisis kuantitatif yaitu dengan mendeskripsikan keadaan responden serta deskripsi variabel penelitian dalam frekuensi dan prosentase dari hasil penyebaran kuisioner tersebut dengan melalui prosedur analisis data. Pelaksanaan pemberian jenis jenis kompensasi termasuk insentif Untuk dapat mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh insentif terhadap kinerja Guru Pada SMK Mulia Buana Bogor, penulis menganalisa dengan menggunakan metode analisis korelasi product moment hasilnya sebesar 0,54, artinya menunjukan pengaruh yang cukup kuat Koefisien determinasi dan uji signifikansi yang signifikan. Pengujian koefisien determinasi Pengaruh insentif terhadap SMK Mulia Buana Bogor sebesar 29,2%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara kebijakan insentif terhadap kinerja guru, sehingga 29,2% dipengaruhi oleh pemberian insentif sedangkan 70,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel atau faktor lain.
Music-Theoretic Estimation of Chords and Keys from Audio

This paper proposes a new method for local key and chord estimation from audio signals. This method relies primarily on principles from music theory, and does not require any training on a corpus of labelled audio files. A harmonic content of the musical piece is first extracted by computing a set of chroma vectors. A set of chord/key pairs is selected for every frame by correlation with fixed chord and key templates. An acyclic harmonic graph is constructed with these pairs as vertices, using a musical distance to weigh its edges. Finally, the sequences of chords and keys are obtained by finding the best path in the graph using dynamic programming. The proposed method allows a mutual chord and key estimation. It is evaluated on a corpus composed of Beatles songs for both the local key estimation and chord recognition tasks, as well as a larger corpus composed of songs taken from the Billboard dataset.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MILK TYPES AND STARTER CULTURES ON KEFIR

In this study, physicochemical and microbiological properties of kefir produced from cow, ewe and goat milk with grain and DVI cultures were investigated throughout 15 days storage period. Samples were taken after 1, 7 and 15 d of storage and acidity, pH, total solid as well as lactococci, lactobacilli and yeast counts were determined. Analyses of ethanol were carried out by using headspace gas chromatography. In all kefir samples, acidity increased during the storage period. While lactococci counts increased one logarithmic unit in the all DVI kefir samples at d 7, lactococci of grain kefir samples showed a decrease. Lactobacilli and yeast counts were similar at the first day in all samples. Coliforms and E. coli were absent. Concentration of ethanol was influenced by the type of starter culture and storage time.
CEO Regulatory Foci, Environmental Dynamism, and Small Firm Performance

This research proposes and tests that regulatory foci of small business chief executive officers (promotion focus and prevention focus) relate to firm performance differentially when levels of environmental uncertainty vary. Results suggest that a promotion focus is positively related to firm performance, whereas a prevention focus is negatively related to firm performance. Further, these relationships are moderated by the degree of environmental dynamism such that in more dynamic environments, the relationship between promotion focus and firm performance is strengthened, whereas the relationship between prevention focus and firm performance is negatively affected. The reverse was found for less dynamic environments. Theoretical and practical implications as well as future research avenues are offered.
Mappings between function spaces

In the following we shall let U = [u] and Q3 = [v] denote arbitrary Banach spaces, and Z = [t] denote a Hausdorff space. X and 2) are to denote the spaces of all continuous functions mapping Z into U and into Q3 respectively. We shall let Q denote the space of all linear continuous mappings of U into Z3. A function K on Z to Q which is bounded on Z and continuous in the strong topology of Q induces a linear continuous operator K on I to 2) by the formula(2)
Paleolithic Archaeology in Iran

Although the Iranian plateau has witnessed Paleolithic researches since the early twenty century, still little is known about the Paleolithic of Iran. There are several reasons for this situation and lack of scholarly enthusiasm on the part of Iranian archaeologists seems to be the most imperative one. Concerning the history of Paleolithic surveys and excavations conducted in Iran, three distinct phases are recognizable. First, from the beginning of the twenty century to the 1980 when numerous field missions were executed in this region all by western institutes, second phase observes a twenty years gap in the Paleolithic studies hence; only few surveys could be performed in this period, and the third phase starts with the reopening of the Iranian fields to the non-Iranian researchers, which led to the survey and excavation of handful of new Paleolithic sites. This article reviews Paleolithic researches conducted in Iran since the beginning of twenty century to the present time.
Torsion of a Rubber Cylinder

It has been predicted theoretically that, in general, a right‐circular cylinder of incompressible, highly elastic material, which is isotropic in its undeformed state, cannot be held in a state of pure torsional deformation by means of a torsional couple alone. In addition, normal surface tractions must be exerted over the plane ends of the cylinder. These normal surface tractions depend on the amount of torsion and on position on the plane ends of the cylinder. Experiments are reported here in which this phenomenon is observed in a right‐circular cylinder of pure gum compound. The dependence of the surface traction on amount of torsion and its distribution over the surface of the cylinder is studied by measuring the bulging of the rubber into small holes in a metal plate on one end of the cylinder.
Hedging by Sequential Regression: an Introduction to the Mathematics of Option Trading

It is widely acknowledge that there has been a major breakthrough in the mathematical theory of option trading. This breakthrough, which is usually summarized by the Black–Scholes formula, has generated a lot of excitement and a certain mystique. On the mathematical side, it involves advanced probabilistic techniques from martingale theory and stochastic calculus which are accessible only to a small group of experts with a high degree of mathematical sophistication; hence the mystique. In its practical implications it offers exciting prospects. Its promise is that, by a suitable choice of a trading strategy, the risk involved in handling an option can be eliminated completely. Since October 1987, the mood has become more sober. But there are also mathematical reasons which suggest that expectations should be lowered. This will be the main point of the present expository account. We argue that, typically, the risk involved in handling an option has an irreducible intrinsic part. This intrinsic risk may be much smaller than the a priori risk, but in general one should not expect it to vanish completely. In this more sober perspective, the mathematical technique behind the Black–Scholes formula does not lose any of its importance. In fact, it should be seen as a sequential regression scheme whose purpose is to reduce the a priori risk to its intrinsic core. We begin with a short introduction to the Black–Scholes formula in terms of currency options. Then we develop a general regression scheme in discrete time, first in an elementary two-period model, and then in a multiperiod model which involves martingale considerations and sets the stage for extensions to continuous time. Our method is based on the interpretation and extension of the Black–Scholes formula in terms of martingale theory. This was initiated by Kreps and Harrison; see, e.g. the excellent survey of Harrison and Pliska (1981,1983). The idea of embedding the Black-Scholes approach into a sequential regression scheme goes back to joint work of the first author with D. Sondermann. In continuous time and under martingale assumptions, this was worked out in Schweizer (1984) and Föllmer and Sondermann (1986). Schweizer (1988) deals with these problems in a general semimartingale model.
Supplementary Material for : Learning More Universal Representations for Transfer-Learning

This supplementary material of our main paper contain the following: (i) a comparison of our methods to the state-of-the-art according all the universality evaluation-metrics of the literature (Sec. 1); (ii) an evaluation of the impact of more and different grouping SPVs used in our MulDiP-Net (Sec. 2); and (iii) the evaluation of MulDiP-Net with more training data and deeper architectures (Sec. 3).
Nightside ionosphere of Mars: Composition, vertical structure, and variability

We provide an overview of the composition, vertical structure, and variability of the nightside ionosphere of Mars as observed by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)'s Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) through 19 months of the MAVEN mission. We show that O 2+ is the most abundant ion down to ∼130 km at all nightside solar zenith angles (SZA). However, below 130 km NO+ is the most abundant ion, and NO+ densities increase with decreasing altitude down to at least 120 km. We also show how the densities of the major ions decrease with SZA across the terminator. At lower altitudes the O 2+ and CO 2+ densities decrease more rapidly with SZA than the NO+ and HCO+ densities, which changes the composition of the ionosphere from being primarily O 2+ on the dayside to being a mixture of O 2+ , NO+, and HCO+ on the nightside. These variations are in accord with the expected ion‐neutral chemistry, because both NO+ and HCO+ have long chemical lifetimes. Additionally, we present median ion density profiles from three different nightside SZA ranges, including deep on the nightside at SZAs greater than 150° and discuss how they compare to particle precipitation models. Finally, we show that nightside ion densities can vary by nearly an order of magnitude over monthlong timescales. The largest nightside densities were observed at high northern latitudes during winter and coincided with a major solar energetic particle event.
Pollen production pattern in the capitulum of the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The intra-plant pollen production in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was quali- and quantitatively studied. Two modern self-pollinated, high oleic sunflower hybrids were grown during two consecutive seasons: 2009 in three planting dates, and 2010 in two planting dates. Two cross-pollinated varieties of sunflower, Hopi and Havasupai, were also studied to determine if an anomalous intracapitulum pollen gradient observed in preliminary studies could be a remnant character inherited from primitive genotypes. Pollen grains per flower (PGF), anther volume (AV), pollen grain volume (PGV) and pollen viability (PV) were measured in three capitulum sectors, external (ES), middle (MS) and internal (IS). At harvest, fully developed fruits (FDF) and incompletely developed fruits (IDF) per capitulum sector were counted. Based on seasonal averages of hybrids and planting dates, the capitulum IS showed the highest PGF number (40864 ± 6519) followed by the MS (35243 ± 5242) and the ES (28273 ± 3102). Anther length (AL) and width (AW) were higher in the IS (5.3 and 0.8 mm, respectively) compared with the ES (6.4 and 0.6 mm, respectively); ES and the MS had intermediate values (5.2 and 0.7 mm, and 4.9 and 0.6 mm, respectively). No significant differences (p=0.18) were observed in PGF per sector in capitula of Havasupai (average= 42679 ± 4107). On the other hand, Hopi flowers of the MS and IS produced a larger number of pollen grains (average = 53412 ± 3553) than those of the ES (37050 ± 5947). PGV showed no significant differences in both hybrids, capitulum sectors and growing seasons (average = 22168 ± 1042 μm3). A positive relationship between AL and AW and the total number of pollen grains was also observed. Pollen viability in both growing seasons was greater than 97% in all cases. At harvest, in all cases, the higher number of FDF was observed in the ES and MS (598 and 456 respectively) and the number of IDF was higher in the IS (132). Given that intra-plant pollen production of both, pollen quantity and viability were not limiting, the origin of IDF in different regions of the capitulum could not be explained by the lack of pollen.The finding of an a typical positive centripetal gradient of pollen grains in the capitulum as compared with other racemose inflorescences is interpreted as an adaptive response to the time sequence of anthesis in this species to ensure a homogeneous pollination in the capitulum.
Hybridization between Mottled Ducks (Anas fulvigula maculosa) and Mallards (A. platyrhynchos) in the western Gulf Coast region

ABSTRACT Hybridization between species that do not normally interbreed has increased due to human impacts on natural environments, such as habitat alteration or introductions of nonnative species. In particular, the introduction of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) globally has led to hybridization with many duck species. In the southeastern United States, hybridization with Mallards is a potential threat to the genetic identity of Mottled Ducks (A. fulvigula), a nonmigratory, coastal duck species. Hybridization between Mallards and Mottled Ducks has been examined in South Carolina and Florida, but not extensively in the remaining part of the Mottled Duck range. Mottled Ducks introduced into South Carolina show considerable admixture with Mallards, whereas in Florida, the hybridization rate between Mallards and Mottled Ducks is ∼9%. Given these results, hybridization in the western Gulf Coast region is of potential concern and should be examined to determine the potential impact on the Mottled Duck lineage. In this study, we examined hybridization in the western Gulf Coast region using 36 microsatellite loci and 405 ducks consisting of putative Mottled Ducks (n = 319), Mallards (n = 76), and hybrids (n = 10). Overall, genetic analyses revealed levels of hybridization of ∼5–8%, with more individuals genetically assigned as hybrids from birds putatively identified as Mallards (5/76 and 14/76 in STRUCTURE and INSTRUCT, respectively) than as Mottled Ducks (14/319 in both programs). These data suggest that hybridization rates in the western Gulf Coast region are lower than those in Florida. However, projected coastal marsh loss in Texas and Louisiana may drive Mottled Ducks into urban wetland areas, an outcome that may increase contact between Mottled Ducks and Mallards and could result in similar levels of hybridization to those observed in Florida, where Mottled Ducks occupy urban and suburban habitats. Regular monitoring will help to determine future trends in levels of hybridization.
ICON-ART 2.1: a flexible tracer framework and its application for composition studies in numerical weather forecasting and climate simulations

Abstract. Atmospheric composition studies on weather and climate timescales require flexible, scalable models. The ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model with Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases (ICON-ART) provides such an environment. Here, we introduce the most up-to-date version of the flexible tracer framework for ICON-ART and explain its application in one numerical weather forecast and one climate related case study. We demonstrate the implementation of idealised tracers and chemistry tendencies of different complexity using the ART infrastructure. Using different ICON physics configurations for weather and climate with ART, we perform integrations on different timescales, illustrating the model's performance. First, we present a hindcast experiment for the 2002 ozone hole split with two different ozone chemistry schemes using the numerical weather prediction physics configuration. We compare the hindcast with observations and discuss the confinement of the vortex split using an idealised tracer diagnostic. Secondly, we study AMIP-type integrations using a simplified chemistry scheme in conjunction with the climate physics configuration. We use two different simulations: the interactive simulation, where modelled ozone is coupled back to the radiation scheme, and the non-interactive simulation that uses a default background climatology of ozone. Additionally, we introduce changes of water vapour by methane oxidation for the interactive simulation. We discuss the impact of stratospheric ozone and water vapour variations in the interactive and non-interactive integrations on the water vapour tape recorder, as a measure of tropical upwelling changes. Additionally we explain the seasonal evolution and latitudinal distribution of the age of air. The age of air is a measure of the strength of the meridional overturning circulation with young air in the tropical upwelling region and older air in polar winter downwelling regions. We conclude that our flexible tracer framework allows for tailor-made configurations of ICON-ART in weather and climate applications that are easy to configure and run well.
Outdoor to indoor office MIMO measurements at 5.2 GHz

This paper presents the results of one of the first measurement campaigns for the double-directional characterization of outdoor to indoor wireless propagation channels. Such channels play a vital role for cellular systems with multiple antenna elements at transmitter and receiver, i.e. multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Measurements were performed at 5.2 GHz between 53 different receiver locations in an office building, and three "base station" positions on a nearby rooftop. In the paper, we present results for angular-delay profiles, RMS angular spread, and other statistical parameters characterizing delay and angular dispersion.
Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation: A Study of the Effects of Stimulation Parameters on Urodynamic Changes in Anesthetized Rats

Although posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) has been shown in both clinical and animal studies to mediate inhibition of bladder function, our understanding of the role of posterior tibial nerve (PTN) afferents that elicit this reflex is significantly limited. To this end, we investigated the effects of frequency-dependent PTNS in urethane-anesthetized rats undergoing repeated urodynamic fills. Electrical pulses applied at both 5 Hz and 10 Hz resulted in significant decreases in the frequency of bladder contractions during and after 10-minutes of stimulation (acute inhibition and post-stimulation effect). Selective electrical activation of the lateral or medial plantar nerves confirmed that each type of bladder reflex can be elicited by individual subsets of PTN afferents. Our findings indicate that PTNS-evoked bladder reflexes are tuned to specific stimulation frequencies. The neuromodulation of bladder function achieved by selective PTN branch stimulation provides a novel insight into these neural pathways and also suggests potential clinical application.
Promoting Resiliency: Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth in Trauma Clinicians

Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth (VPG) and Vicarious Traumatization (VT) are two potential outcomes of clinical work with trauma survivors. The aim of this study was to test a predictive model of these constructs, allowing a fuller understanding of preventive strategies clinicians might employ to inoculate themselves against the potential hazards of service provision and provide the highest quality of clinical care. VPG and VT were investigated in 63 self-identified trauma therapists. The results showed that VPG is facilitated by engagement in successful services subsequent to a traumatic event. Self-Care emerged as a poignant buffer against various indices of vicarious traumatization. Other study variables including spiritual beliefs and practices, and years practicing were correlated with vicarious traumatization but failed to reach significance in a majority of regression models due to the small sample size. Directions for future research and practice are discussed.
Structural, Thermal and Optical Modifications of Chitosan due to UV-Ozone Irradiation

The present work focused on modifying the chitosan structure which has noticeable places in advanced research. The effect of UV-ozone irradiation with different exposure doses (9.68 x 10-14, 19.35 x 10-14, 29.03 x 10-14 and 38.75 x 10-14 J/m2) on the microstructural, thermal stability and optical properties of chitosan was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), optical parameters techniques as well as Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG), were performed. The obtained results indicated that, effects on semi-crystalline structures have occurred. Detected variations in XRD, SAED, HRTEM, DTA and TGA analyses under investigation may be attributed to the different degrees of crystallinity, induction of structural changes and molecular configuration of chitosan upon exposure to UV-ozone. The results confirmed that the UV-ozone irradiation plays a role in refining the microstructure and changes occurring in chitosan matrix for future biomedical applications.