PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO E CLÍNICO DE PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS À CIRURGIA DE REVASCULARIZAÇÃO DO MIOCÁRDIO / SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO THE MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION SURGERY

Introducao : A alta prevalencia da doenca arterial coronariana e suas multiplas causas desafiam o desenvolvimento de estrategias preventivas e o conhecimento do perfil dos pacientes. Objetivo : Investigar as caracteristicas sociodemograficas e clinicas de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularizacao do miocardio do Hospital Universitario da Universidade Federal do Maranhao (HUUFMA). Metodos : Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e transversal realizado por meio da analise de prontuarios de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardiaca entre 2011 a 2013. Resultados : A amostra foi constituida por 72 pacientes. Identificou-se como caracteristicas sociodemograficas predominantes, o sexo masculino (68,5%), cor parda (62,8%), faixa etaria de 61 a 70 anos (31,4%), uniao estavel (74,2%), ensino medio (28,5%), renda de 2 a 3 salarios minimos (28,5), exerciam atividade laboral remunerada (54,2%) e procedencia do interior (52,9%). As comorbidades mais frequentes foram a hipertensao (87,1%), diabetes (44,2%), dislipidemia (18,5%), tabagismo e/ou etilismo (30,0%), infarto agudo do miocardio (12,8%) e antecedente familiar de doenca cardiaca (15,7%). As manifestacoes clinicas mais frequentes foram a dor precordial (52,8%), cansaco (11,4%) e a dispneia (81,4%). Em relacao ao tempo de internacao, a maioria dos pacientes permaneceu com tempo de hospitalizacao de 6 a 9 dias (43%) e obteve alta com segmento ambulatorial de 6 a 8 semanas (84,2%). Conclusao : A identificacao do perfil dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardiaca podera contribuir para a intensificacao das acoes educativas de prevencao a saude subsidiando estrategias para adesao ao tratamento e controle das complicacoes. Palavras-chave : Perfil de Saude. Doenca das Coronarias. Cirurgia Cardiaca. Abstract Introduction : The high prevalence of coronary artery disease and its multiple causes challenge the development of preventative strategies and the knowledge of the profile of patients. Objective : To investigate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients submitted to the myocardial revascularization surgery at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhao (HUUFMA), Brazil. Methods : Retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted through the analysis of medical records of patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 2011 and 2013. Results : The sample consisted of 72 patients. It were identified as predominant sociodemographic characteristics, male sex (68.5%), mulatto (62.8%), aged 61-70 years (31.4%), stable union (74.2%), high school (28.5%), income of 2-3 minimum wages (28.5), paid labor activity (54.2%) and coming from the interior (52.9%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (87.1%), diabetes (44.2%), dyslipidemia (18.5%), smoking and/or alcoholism (30.0%), acute myocardial infarction (12.8 %) and family history of heart disease (15.7%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were precordial pain (52.8%), fatigue (11.4%) and dyspnea (81.4%). In relation to the length of stay, most patients remained with hospitalization time of 6 to 9 days (43%) and were discharged with outpatient follow-up of 6 to 8 weeks (84.2%). Conclusion : The identification of the profile of patients undergoing cardiac surgery may contribute to the intensification of educational health prevention activities supporting strategies for treatment adherence and control of complications. Keywords : Health Profile. Coronary Disease. Cardiac Surgery.