Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF EXCESS LIQUIDITY ON MONETARY POLICY

This paper analyzes the excess liquidity especially on banking industry and its impact on monetary policy in Indonesia. We firstly investigate the determinants of bank behavior on their favor for excess liquidity both for precautionary motive and involuntary. Furthermore we determine the threshold between the low and high excess liquidity regimes. On the next step, this paper evaluates and compares the impact of excess liquidity on monetary policy between the two regimes. The first result shows that the excess liquidity on bank with their precautionary motive is significantly determined by the volatility of money demand, the volatility of economic growth, the bank cost of the bank, and also by the lag of excess liquidity, which conform its persistence. Secondly, using the Threshold-VAR approach, this paper shows the switching regime occurs in 2005 from low to high excess liquidity. Lastly, the excess liquidity reduces the effectiveness of monetary policy on controlling inflation Keywords : Excess liquidity, Threshold VAR, monetary policy transmission mechanism. JEL Classification : B23, E5
Predentin thickness analysis in developing and developed permanent teeth

Background: Predentin, the unmineralized organic matrix is important in maintaining the integrity of dentin. It is usually thick where active dentinogenesis occurs. A wide variation in its thickness is reported. Hence, we determined the variation in predentin thickness at various sites of different age groups. Materials and Methods: 60 freshly extracted teeth (maxillary and mandibular first premolars) were divided into three groups with 20 teeth in each as, Group 1 - teeth with incomplete root formation (age <16 years), Group 2 - teeth with complete root formation (aged between 16 and 30 years), Group 3 - teeth of patients aged above 30 years. The teeth were fixed, decalcified and sections of 6 μ thickness were obtained, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The distance between the odontoblastic cell layers of the pulp to the border line of the dentin was considered for the measurement of the predentin thickness. A total of nine sites were considered for each specimen. Results: The present study revealed varied mean predentin thickness at all nine sites in all three age groups. Maximum and minimum thickness was observed at the apex and pulp floor respectively in all three groups. There was a statistical significant difference in predentin thickness between groups 1 and 3 and 2 and 3. Conclusion: The predentin thickness in the first group gradually increased toward the growing end near the apex, while it was relatively constant in the second group and increased overall thickness at all the sites in the third group. A notable finding was a linear increase with age in width of the predentin and the thickness vary as a function of odontoblastic activity during different stages of tooth development.
A note on the estimation problems caused by thin-trading on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

The estimation problems caused by the effects of thin-trading are highlighted. In particular thin-trading is found to be the major cause of bias associated with the estimation of beta coefficients in smaller markets like the JSE. The empical study conducted reveals that the extent of thin-trading on the JSE is indeed significant. Finally some existing correction procedures for the thinly-traded phenomenon are cited.
Elevated brain monoamine oxidase A binding in the early postpartum period.

CONTEXT The early postpartum period is a time of high risk for a major depressive episode (or postpartum depression), with a prevalence of 13%. During this time, there is a heightened vulnerability for low mood because postpartum blues is common. Severe postpartum blues can herald the onset of postpartum depression. The neurobiological mechanisms to explain postpartum blues and the high risk for the onset of postpartum depression in the first few weeks after delivery are unclear. Estrogen levels drop 100- to 1000-fold during the first 3 to 4 days postpartum, and changes in estrogen levels have an inverse relationship with monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) density. However, MAO-A levels have never been measured in the early postpartum period. OBJECTIVE To determine whether brain MAO-A binding is elevated in the early postpartum period. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Tertiary care academic psychiatric hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen healthy women who were 4 to 6 days postpartum and 15 healthy women who had not recently been postpartum underwent carbon 11-labeled harmine positron emission tomography scanning. All women were nonsmoking and medication free. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE MAO-A total distribution volume, an index of MAO-A density, was measured in prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, anterior temporal cortex, thalamus, dorsal putamen, hippocampus, and midbrain. RESULTS MAO-A total distribution volume was significantly elevated (mean, 43%) throughout all analyzed brain regions during the early postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS Elevated MAO-A levels in the early postpartum period can be interpreted as a marker of a monoamine-lowering process that contributes to the mood change of postpartum blues. Rather than a purely psychosocial model, we propose a neurobiological model of estrogen decline, followed by elevated MAO-A binding, low mood, and subsequently a period of high risk for major depressive episodes. Our model has important implications for preventing postpartum depression and for developing therapeutic strategies that target or compensate for elevated MAO-A levels during postpartum blues.
Tedizolid Adsorption and Transmembrane Clearance during in vitro Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Background/Aims: To study transmembrane clearance (CLTM) and adsorption of tedizolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic, in continuous hemofiltration (CVVH) and continuous hemodialysis (CVVHD). Methods: In vitro CVVH/CVVHD models with polysulfone and AN69 hemodiafilters were used. Tedizolid CLTM during CVVH/CVVHD was assessed at various ultrafiltrate (Quf) and dialysate rates (Qd). Tedizolid adsorption was tested in a recirculating CVVH model over 4 h. Results: In CVVH, CLTM did not differ between filter types. In CVVHD, tedizolid CLTM was significantly higher with the polysulfone hemodiafilter at Qd 6 l/h (p < 0.02). Tedizolid exhibited irreversible adsorption to the CRRT apparatus and bound significantly higher to the polysulfone hemodiafilter. Conclusion: Tedizolid's CLTM is dependent on Qd, Quf, and hemodiafilter type. At conventional CRRT rates, tedizolid CLTM appears modest relative to total body clearance and is unlikely to require dose adjustments. CRRT adsorption in the clinical setting is likely less than what we observed in this in vitro, continuously recirculating blood model.
Comparison of Maximal Oxygen Consumption between Obese Black and White Adolescents

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) differed between clinically obese black and white children and if a difference existed to determine whether it was related to hematological profiles and/or physical activity/inactivity levels. Twenty-three black and 21 white adolescents were matched for age, BMI, and Tanner stage (II-V). Body composition was determined by DEXA and CT scan. Daily physical activity/inactivity was assessed by questionnaire. VO2max was assessed using the Bruce treadmill protocol. Black participants had significantly lower VO2max and VO2maxFFM values when compared with white adolescents (26.1 ± 4.2 versus 29.9 ± 3.1 mL · kg−1 · min−1; 48.3 ± 8.8 versus 55.6 ± 5.2 mL · kgFFM−1 · min−1, respectively). Black adolescents also had significantly lower Hb concentrations ([Hb]) than white children (12.7 ± 1.3 versus 13.4 ± 0.7 g/dL). Black adolescents were more physically inactive than their white peers. VO2max correlated with [Hb] for the combined groups. Obese black adolescents had lower VO2max compared with white children and this difference was explained, in part, by the lower [Hb] observed in the black participants. Further investigations should study Hb flow rate (a function of [Hb] · maximal cardiac output) and physical activity/inactivity patterns in obese black and white children as it relates to VO2max.
Electricity consumption and NSDP nexus in Indian states: a panel analysis with structural breaks

This paper seeks to examine the energy-growth nexus for major Indian states for the period 1980-2012. The study uses the electricity consumption as proxy for energy consumption and economic growth is represented by net state domestic product. The study applies panel endogenous structural break models that captures cross sectional dependence as well heterogeneity across sample units. The results indicate a long-run equilibrium relationship between energy consumption and economic growth of sample states. The results of causality suggest that there is bi-directional causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth with heterogeneity across sample states, causality running from economic growth to energy consumption is more often than otherwise. Based on these results, we infer that electricity conservation policies may be fruitful without much impact on the growth process of these states. Nevertheless, we suggest that instead of integrated policy approach for all Indian states, state specific policy would be more effective.
The influence of type-I collagen-coated PLLA aligned nanofibers on growth of blood outgrowth endothelial cells

Nanofibrous scaffolds have been applied widely in tissue engineering to simulate the nanostructure of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote cell bioactivity. The aim of this study was to design a biocompatible nanofibrous scaffold for blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) and investigate the interaction between the topography of the nanofibrous scaffold and cell growth. Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) random and aligned nanofibers with a uniform diameter distribution were fabricated by electrospinning. NH3 plasma etching was used to create a hydrophilic surface on the nanofibers to improve type-I collagen adsorption; the conditions of the NH3 plasma etching were optimized by XPS and water contact angle analysis. Cell attachment, proliferation, viability, phenotype and morphology of BOECs cultured on type-I collagen-coated PLLA film (col-Film), random fibers (col-RFs) and aligned fibers (col-AFs) were detected over a 7 day culture period. The results showed that collagen-coated PLLA nanofibers improved cell attachment and proliferation; col-AFs induced the directional growth of cells along the aligned nanofibers and enhanced endothelialization. We suggest that col-AFs may be a potential implantable scaffold for vascular tissue engineering.
Codon 129 polymorphism and the E200K mutation do not affect the cellular prion protein isoform composition in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

The cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a multifunctional, highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein. It undergoes a number of modifications during its post‐translational processing, resulting in different PrPc glycoforms and truncated PrPc fragments. Limited data are available in humans on the expression and cleavage of PrPc. In this study we investigated the PrPc isoform composition in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with different human prion diseases. The first group of patients was affected by sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease exhibiting different PrP codon 129 genotypes. The second group contained patients with a genetic form of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (E200K). The third group consisted of patients with fatal familial insomnia and the last group comprised cases with the Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome. We examined whether the PrP codon 129 polymorphism in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease as well as the type of prion disease in human patients has an impact on the glycosylation and processing of PrPc. Immunoblotting analyses using different monoclonal PrPc antibodies directed against various epitopes of PrPc revealed, for all examined groups of patients, a consistent predominance of the glycosylated PrPc isoforms as compared with the unglycosylated form. In addition, the antibody SAF70 recognized a variety of PrPc fragments with sizes of 21, 18, 13 and 12 kDa. Our findings indicate that the polymorphisms at PrP codon 129, the E200K mutation at codon 200 or the examined types of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies do not exert a measurable effect on the glycosylation and processing of PrPc in human prion diseases.
Management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the era of B‐cell receptor signal transduction inhibitors

The treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an indolent B‐cell lymphoma is in the midst of a transformation. There are a large number of promising new therapeutic agents and cellular therapies being studied which exhibit remarkable activity, favorable toxicity profiles, convenient administration schedules, and treatment options are rapidly expanding. The recent advances in the management of CLL exemplify the value of translational medicine. This review highlights key aspects of B‐cell receptor (BCR) signaling in relation to novel inhibitors of the BCR signaling pathway, currently at various stages of preclinical and clinical development. Am. J. Hematol. 90:657–664, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Holistic Medicine: The Case Story of Anna. III. Rehabilitation of Philosophy of Life During Holistic Existential Therapy for Childhood Sexual Abuse

When we experience life events with overwhelming emotional pain, we can escape this pain by making decisions (in our mind) that transfer responsibility from our existence to the surrounding world. By doing this, we slowly destroy the essence of our being, health, quality of life, and ability to function. The case of Anna is an excellent example of such a systematic destruction of self, done to survive the extreme pressure from childhood abuse and sexual abuse. The case study shows that the damage done to us by traumatic events is not on our body or soul, but rather our philosophy of life. The important consequence is that we can heal our existence by letting go of the negative decisions taken in the past painful and traumatic situations. By letting go of the life-denying sentences, we come back to life and take responsibility for our own life and existence. The healing of Annas existence was done by existential holistic therapy. Although the processing did not always run smoothly, as she projected very charged material on the therapists on several occasions, the process resulted in full health and a good quality of life due to her own will to recover and heal completely. The case illustrates the inner logic and complexity of intensive holistic therapy at the most difficult moment, where only a combination of intensive medical, psychiatric, and sexological treatment could set her free. In the paper, we also present a meta-perspective on intensive holistic therapy and its most characteristic phases.
Do Globalization and Free Markets Drive Obesity among Children and Youth? An Empirical Analysis, 1990–2013

ABSTRACTScholars of public health identify globalization as a major cause of obesity. Free markets are blamed for spreading high calorie, nutrient-poor diets, and sedentary lifestyles across the globe. Global trade and investment agreements apparently curtail government action in the interest of public health. Globalization is also blamed for raising income inequality and social insecurities, which contribute to “obesogenic” environments. Contrary to recent empirical studies, this study demonstrates that globalization and several component parts, such as trade openness, FDI flows, and an index of economic freedom, reduce weight gain and obesity among children and youth, the most likely age cohort to be affected by the past three decades of globalization and attendant lifestyle changes. The results suggest strongly that local-level factors possibly matter much more than do global-level factors for explaining why some people remain thin and others put on weight. The proposition that globalization is homogen.
Automated software-based self-test generation for microprocessors

Software-based self-testing (SBST) is a well-known non-intrusive method for testing microprocessors. This paper presents a tool for automated Software-Based Self-Test program generation. The tool is based on the previously published methodology of using High-Level Decision Diagrams (HLDD) for modeling microprocessors and faults. The tool generates from the Instruction Set Architecture of the processor its HLDD model and using the formalism of the HLDD model, together with beforehand prepared code templates, generates the final self-test program. The functionality of the tool is demonstrated by carrying out experimental research on test generation for the 8-bit microprocessor PARWAN and the 32-bit SPARCv8 microprocessor Leon 3. In combination with the fault simulation tools, it is a novel solution for SBST program generation. The experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the implemented method in comparison with previously published results.
Detection of human herpesvirus‐8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from adult Japanese patients with multicentric Castleman's disease

Summary. Human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8) encodes viral homologues of cellular genes, including viral interleukin 6 (vIL‐6), which induces endogenous human IL‐6 (hIL‐6) secretion. Unregulated overproduction of hIL‐6 in lymph nodes (LN) is thought to be responsible for the systemic manifestations of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). In the present study, we assessed the presence of HHV‐8 and HHV‐8‐encoded viral homologues in LN and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adult Japanese patients with MCD. HHV‐8 DNA was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was detected in LN from 13 out of 16 MCD patients (81%). HHV‐8 DNA was also detected in PBMC from six out of seven patients (86%) whose LN were positive for HHV‐8 DNA. Because mRNA could not be successfully extracted from LN sections that were either formalin‐fixed or embedded in paraffin, we examined the expression of mRNA for HHV‐8‐encoded viral homologues, such as vIL‐6, vBCL‐2, vCyclin‐D and viral G‐protein‐coupled receptor (vGPCR) by nested reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR in PBMC from 10 MCD patients. However, mRNA of these HHV‐8‐encoded viral homologues was not detected in any patients tested. Although our results do not indicate a role for HHV‐8‐encoded viral homologues in the pathogenesis of MCD, they do suggest that HHV‐8 infection may be associated with MCD in adult Japanese patients.
The Effects of Accounting Regulations on Stock Valuation and Volatility: Evidence from the Banking Industry

Banking regulators and market participants learn from price signals in the stock market (e.g., Flannery, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 30: 273, 1998). Therefore, the system becomes more secure and developed as stock prices become more informative about banks’ financial conditions. Using a sample that includes major banks from 35 countries, this study investigates how accounting regulations affect bank stock valuation and volatility. The evidence suggests that bank stocks have higher valuation and lower volatility in countries that strictly regulate the quality of external audits and financial statement transparency. This study presents a comprehensive picture of the effects of bank accounting regulations on the stock market.
Post‐polio syndrome and total health status in a prospective hospital study

New loss of function among patients with previous polio is frequently reported and has several causes. All patients referred to the Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, for 13 months during 2000–2001 with diagnosis late effects of polio were examined prospectively to identify their symptoms and loss of function. Eighty‐five patients aged 47–91 years with mean of 61 years were included. The most common complaints were pain (44%), muscular weakness (27%), and fatigue (16%). Muscular weakness occurred in lower limbs in 75%, in respiratory muscles in only 5%. Walking in stairs was impaired in 72% and outdoor walking in 65%. Seventeen patients (19%) reported no loss of function.
Is global inequality getting better or worse? A critique of the World Bank’s convergence narrative

Abstract The dominant narrative of global income inequality is one of convergence. Recent high-profile publications by Branko Milanovic and the World Bank claim that the global Gini coefficient has declined since 1988, and that inter-country inequality has declined since 1960. But the convergence narrative relies on a misleading presentation of the data. It obscures the fact that convergence is driven mostly by China; it fails to acknowledge rising absolute inequality; and it ignores divergence between geopolitical regions. This paper suggests alternative measures that bring geopolitics back in by looking at the gap between the core and periphery of the world system. From this perspective, global inequality has tripled since 1960.
'No Money Down' Bankruptcy

This Article reports on a breakdown in access to justice in bankruptcy, a system from which one million Americans will seek help this year. A crucial decision for these consumers will be whether to file a chapter 7 or chapter 13 bankruptcy. Nearly every aspect of their bankruptcies — both the benefits and the burdens of debt relief — will be different in chapter 7 versus chapter 13. Almost all consumers will hire a bankruptcy attorney. Because they must pay their attorneys, many consumers will file chapter 13 to finance their access to the law, rather than because they prefer the law of chapter 13 over chapter 7. Attorneys charge about $1,200 to file a chapter 7 bankruptcy; their debt-laden clients must pay this amount upfront. Attorneys charge about $3,200 to file a chapter 13 bankruptcy, but clients can pay attorney fees over time as part of their cases. Chapter 7 and 13 bankruptcies also differ in the relief achieved. Almost all chapter 7 cases end with the debtor receiving a discharge of debts. In contrast, only around one-third of chapter 13 cases end in discharge. This Article exposes the increasingly prevalent phenomenon of debtors paying nothing in attorneys’ fees to file chapter 13. New data from the Consumer Bankruptcy Project, our original empirical national study, suggest that these “no money down” consumers are similar to those who use chapter 7. However, because they cannot afford to pay their attorneys up front, these “no money down” bankruptcy debtors suffer. They pay $2,000 more and have their cases dismissed at a rate 18 times higher than if they had filed chapter 7. The two most significant predictors of whether a consumer files a “no money down” bankruptcy are a person’s place of residence and a person’s race. We could not identify legitimate ways that these factors correlate with debtors’ needs for the substantive legal benefits of chapter 13. “No money down” bankruptcy can be a distortion in the delivery of legal help. We suggest reforms to how attorneys collect fees from consumer debtors that will reduce the potential conflict between clients’ interests and attorneys’ interests. The reforms will deliver access to justice and improve the functioning of the bankruptcy system.