Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circadian and seasonal occurrence of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective: To determine whether the time of onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a time of day or season of year. Background: Prior studies have suggested that there may be a circadian and seasonal pattern of ischemic stroke occurrence, but this is less certain for hemorrhagic stroke. Population-based data have been unavailable. Methods: All incident ICH and SAH among residents of Rochester, MN, were ascertained. The medical records of patients were reviewed to determine the time of onset and date of occurrence. The day was divided into 8-hour periods, and the year into seasonal quartiles. Each patient was assigned a period based on the time of onset of symptoms. The data were analyzed by χ2 analysis to determine whether there was a trend toward increased occurrence based on time period or seasonal quartile of onset. Results: From 1960 to 1989, there were 155 cases (48 men, 107 women) of incident SAH. From 1975 to 1989, there were 137 cases (57 men, 80 women) of incident ICH. There was a significant increase in the time of onset for ICH and SAH in the 8 am to 4 pm period (p = 0.005 and p = 0.03, respectively). The concomitant occurrence of hypertension, gender, and age did not affect the time of day of occurrence. In the analysis of seasonal variation, there was a significant increase in events during December, January, and February in the combined SAH and ICH group (p = 0.032) and a trend for SAH alone (p = 0.07) but not for ICH (p = 0.34). Hypertension and age had no impact on the association between season and the occurrence of SAH and ICH. Conclusion: The occurrence of SAH and ICH is increased from 8 am to 4 pm. The occurrence of hemorrhage is increased during the winter months, but this is likely limited only to SAH.
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in East Asian Paddy Soils—A Mini Review

Ammonia oxidation is crucial in nitrogen removal and global nitrogen dynamics since it is the first step of the nitrification process. In this review, we focus on the distribution and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in East Asian paddy soils with variable soil properties. The available East Asian paddy soil data shows that the ammonium concentration and pH ranges from 0.4 to 370 mg/kg and 5.1 to 8.2, respectively. Our meta-analysis suggest that AOA specific gene sequences are generally more abundant than those of AOB in both acidic and alkaline paddy soils, where Nitrosophaera and Nitrosospira amoA clusters mainly dominate the microbial community, respectively. In addition, the contribution of ammonia oxidizers to the nitrification process has been demonstrated using DNA-SIP (DNA-based stable-isotope probing); the results of these studies indicate that pH is the most important factor in niche separation of AOA and AOB under a variety of edaphic conditions. Finally, we discuss a number of other environmental variables that affect the abundance, distribution, and activity of AOA and AOB in East Asian paddy soils.
Alcohol drinking and primary liver cancer: A pooled analysis of four Japanese cohort studies

Because studies of the association between alcohol intake and the risk of primary liver cancer use varying cut‐off points to classify alcohol intake, it is difficult to precisely quantify this association by meta‐analysis of published data. Furthermore, there are limited data for women in prospective studies of the dose‐specific relation of alcohol intake and the risk of primary liver cancer. We analyzed original data from 4 population‐based prospective cohort studies encompassing 174,719 participants (89,863 men and 84,856 women). After adjustment for a common set of variables, we used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of primary liver cancer incidence according to alcohol intake. We conducted a meta‐analysis of the HRs derived from each study. During 1,964,136 person‐years of follow‐up, 804 primary liver cancer cases (605 men and 199 women) were identified. In male drinkers, the multivariate‐adjusted HRs (95% CI) for alcohol intakes of 0.1–22.9, 23.0–45.9, 46.0–68.9, 69.0–91.9 and ≥92.0 g/day, as compared to occasional drinkers, were 0.88 (0.57–1.36), 1.06 (0.70–1.62), 1.07 (0.69–1.66), 1.76 (1.08–2.87) and 1.66 (0.98–2.82), respectively (p for trend = 0.015). In women, we observed a significantly increased risk among those who drank ≥23.0 g/day, as compared to occasional drinkers (HR: 3.60; 95% CI: 1.22–10.66). This pooled analysis of data from large prospective studies in Japan indicates that avoidance of (1) heavy alcohol drinking (≥69.0 g alcohol/day) in men and (2) moderate drinking (≥23.0 g alcohol/day) in women may reduce the risk of primary liver cancer.
Kinetics of Chloroform Formation from Humic and Fulvic Acid Chlorination

Chloroform formation from chlorination of aquatic humic and fulvic acid solutions was studied. Second order overall kinetic model was assumed, first order with respect to chlorine and precursor content. Rate constants have been measured, resulting in values that varied significantly with reaction conditions, in the range of 0.177–7.206 [L/ mmol h], mainly for fulvic acid. The activation energy deduced from experiments carried out at different temperatures also increased notably when decreasing pH from 8 to 7. Increases of up to 60% were computed, where highest values were measured for humic acid. It is noteworthy the dependence observed on reaction time: higher activation energy resulted for longest reaction periods. Differences in the range of 40% have been reported. This effect is attributed to the existence of simultaneous reactions, each with different activation energy, competing for trihalomethanes formation.
Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis with perifollicular fibrosis.

Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (NLCS) is a rare hamartomatous skin lesion histopathologically characterized by the presence of mature fat tissue even within the upper dermis. Clinically, two types of NLCS can be distinguished; a multiple type and a solitary type. We here report a 10-month-old girl showing multiple type NLCS as a collection of a nodule and papules on her right abdomen. Histological examination revealed that the lesion was composed of a lobular proliferation of fat tissue throughout the dermis and immature hair follicle-like structures with perifollicular fibrosis. Histological alterations of the dermal connective tissue components were also seen, including thickening of collagen bundles and increased numbers of both fibroblasts and blood vessels. This is the first reported case of NLCS with perifollicular fibrosis.
Action potential‐triggered somatic exocytosis in mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus neurons in rat brain slices

Non‐technical summary Ca2+‐regulated axon terminal exocytosis is essential for neuronal communication in the CNS. Besides, the somata may also undergo Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis in some neurons in the brain. In the present work we recorded activity/Ca2+‐dependent secretion in somata of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MeV). Following nerve activity, somatic secretion signals are recorded as changes in membrane surface area, as measured by the membrane capacitance. The depolarization‐induced somatic exocytosis correlates with transient reduction in the GABA‐mediated postsynaptic currents. These results implicated that the somatic secretion may play a role in bidirectional communication between pre‐ and post‐connected neurons in the sensory MeV brain slice neurons.
Angiotensin axis blockade, hypotension, and acute kidney injury in elective major orthopedic surgery.

BACKGROUND Patients presenting for surgery with angiotensin axis blockade (AAB) from therapy with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers experience an increased incidence of perioperative hypotension. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving preoperative AAB has been demonstrated after lung, vascular, and cardiac surgery. However, there is little literature evaluating the hypotensive and renal effects of preoperative AAB and major orthopedic surgery. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of 1154 patients who underwent spinal fusion, total knee arthroplasty, or total hip arthroplasty during the 2010 calendar year in our academic medical center. RESULTS A total of 922 patients met inclusion criteria, 343 (37%) received preoperative AAB. Postinduction hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤80 mm Hg for 5 minutes) was significantly higher in patients receiving AAB when compared to those not so treated (12.2% vs 6.7%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.93, P = 0.005). Of the 922 patients, 798 had documented measurements of both preoperative and postoperative creatinine. Postoperative AKI was significantly higher in patients receiving AAB therapy (8.3% vs 1.7%; OR: 5.40, P < 0.001), remaining significant after adjusting for covariates including hypotension (OR: 2.60, P = 0.042). Developing AKI resulted in a significantly higher mean length of stay (5.76 vs 3.28 days, P < 0.001) but no difference in 2-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing major elective orthopedic surgery who receive preoperative AAB therapy,have an associated increased risk of postinduction hypotension and postoperative acute kidney injury resulting in a greater hospital length of stay.
Risk Factors for Sick Leave Due to Low Back Pain: A Prospective Study

The objectives of this prospective study were to identify predictive factors for sick leave of 8 days or more due to low back pain (LBSL) and to compare them with predictive factors for low back pain with no or shorter sick leave (LB) in a cohort of French workers. The predictive factors for LBSL were a past history of low back pain (odds ratio [OR], 7.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 13), a low employment grade (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.7 to 11), heavy smoking (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.3 to 13), a pain score different from zero (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.5 to 9.7), required bending backward or forward at work every day repetitively (OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 2.3 to 23), overall social integration (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.3), and low social support at work (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.3). Low social support at work and bending backward or forward at work were more strongly associated with LBSL than with LB (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). The implications of the results of this prospective study are that both the level of biomechanical exposure and the psychosocial work environment, especially social support, represents important dimensions to consider in the reduction of work absenteeism.
Facets on the psychopathy checklist screening version and instrumental violence in forensic psychiatric patients.

BACKGROUND There is a recognised relationship between psychopathy and instrumental violence, but not all violence by people who meet the criteria for psychopathy is instrumental. AIMS Our aims were to compare offence types among forensic psychiatric patients with and without the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) criteria for psychopathy. Our specific questions were whether factor 1 - the interpersonal affective dimension - was related to instrumentality and on severity of the violent crime. Our hypothesis was that the relationship between psychopathy and instrumental violence would be dependent on the severity of the violent crime. METHODS Sixty-five male patients at the forensic psychiatric hospital in Sundsvall, all with a violent criminal history, were assessed for psychopathy through interview and records using the PCL: SV. Severity and the instrumentality of their previous violence were coded using the Cornell coding guide for violent incidents. RESULTS The interpersonal features of psychopathy (the interpersonal facet), and only the interpersonal features were significantly associated with instrumentality and severity of violence. Instrumentality was also significantly related to the severity of the violence, independent of psychopathy score. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that, at least among forensic psychiatric patients, planning is more likely than not with respect to serious crimes. The specific link between interpersonal features of psychopathy and instrumental and severe violence suggests potential clinical value in recognising subtypes of psychopathy.
Molecular dissection of the Y chromosome haplogroup E‐M78 (E3b1a): a posteriori evaluation of a microsatellite‐network‐based approach through six new biallelic markers

The human Y chromosome haplogroup E‐M78 (E3b1a) occurs commonly and is distributed in northern and eastern Africa, western Asia, and all of Europe. Previously, only two rarely observed internal biallelic markers (UEPs) were known within the E‐M78 clade. Here we report the identification of six novel UEPs that significantly refine the phylogeny of this haplogroup. Then, we evaluate the correspondence between the newly defined sub‐haplogroups and the E‐M78 haplotype clusters previously identified by an 11‐microsatellite loci‐based network encompassing 232 chromosomes (Cruciani et al., 2004). We observed considerable correspondence between the trees generated by the two types of markers, but also noted important discrepancies between microsatellite and UEP findings. Overall, this analysis reveals that the currently visible terminal branches of the Y tree still contain a large amount of information, in terms of undiscovered biallelic markers, and that caution is needed when using the microsatellite alleles as surrogates of unique event polymorphisms. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photobiont selectivity leads to ecological tolerance and evolutionary divergence in a polymorphic complex of lichenized fungi.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The integrity and evolution of lichen symbioses depend on a fine-tuned combination of algal and fungal genotypes. Geographically widespread species complexes of lichenized fungi can occur in habitats with slightly varying ecological conditions, and it remains unclear how this variation correlates with symbiont selectivity patterns in lichens. In an attempt to address this question, >300 samples were taken of the globally distributed and ecologically variable lichen-forming species complex Tephromela atra, together with closely allied species, in order to study genetic diversity and the selectivity patterns of their photobionts. METHODS Lichen thalli of T. atra and of closely related species T. grumosa, T. nashii and T. atrocaesia were collected from six continents, across 24 countries and 62 localities representing a wide range of habitats. Analyses of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships were carried out both for photobionts amplified directly from the lichen thalli and from those isolated in axenic cultures. Morphological and anatomical traits were studied with light and transmission electron microscopy in the isolated algal strains. KEY RESULTS Tephromela fungal species were found to associate with 12 lineages of Trebouxia. Five new clades demonstrate the still-unrecognized genetic diversity of lichen algae. Culturable, undescribed lineages were also characterized by phenotypic traits. Strong selectivity of the mycobionts for the photobionts was observed in six monophyletic Tephromela clades. Seven Trebouxia lineages were detected in the poorly resolved lineage T. atra sensu lato, where co-occurrence of multiple photobiont lineages in single thalli was repeatedly observed. CONCLUSIONS Low selectivity apparently allows widespread lichen-forming fungi to establish successful symbioses with locally adapted photobionts in a broader range of habitats. This flexibility might correlate with both lower phylogenetic resolution and evolutionary divergence in species complexes of crustose lichen-forming fungi.
A 2-year self-help smoking cessation manual intervention among middle-aged Finnish men: an application of the transtheoretical model.

BACKGROUND A 2-year self-help manual smoking cessation intervention was conducted among a panel of middle-aged Finnish men (n = 265) who were recruited proactively in a longitudinal cardiovascular risk factor surveillance study. METHODS Intervention utilized the stages of change concept of the transtheoretical model. The stages were assessed in the treatment condition at baseline of the cessation study and after that by mail every sixth month. Assessments were followed by an immediate mailing of a stage-based self-help manual matching the stage of change at that time. A usual care group was assessed annually but received no treatment. RESULTS A significant time x intervention effect (P < 0.05) and time x baseline stage effect (P < 0.001) on quit rates were observed in the panel data over the 2-year period. An analysis of changes in the stages of change also revealed an accelerated cessation process in the treatment condition. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that mailed stage-matched self-help smoking cessation manuals were able to accelerate the smoking cessation process but manuals alone may not constitute a sufficient long-term intervention. The effects of differential exposure to intervention, subject characteristics, measurement reactivity, and secular trends are discussed as potential confounds.
Patients' perceptions of medical explanations for somatisation disorders: qualitative analysis

Objectives: To describe, from the perspective of patients, distinguishing features of doctors' attempts to explain the symptoms of somatisation disorders. Design: Qualitative analysis of verbatim records of interviews in which patients recounted doctors' explanations of their symptoms. Setting: Patients with persistent somatising symptoms referred from general practices in Liverpool and St Helens and Knowsley were interviewed before entry into a treatment programme. Subjects: 228 of 324 patients referred were interviewed. Initial interviews were used to develop the process and technique, and the final analysis was based on a subsample of 68 records, randomly chosen from the transcripts of 188 subjects who were interviewed subsequently. Results: Doctors' explanations were often at odds with the patients' own thinking. Analysis showed that medical explanations could be grouped into one of three categories, defined by the patients' perceptions. Most explanations were experienced as rejecting the reality of the symptoms. An intermediate category comprised explanations that were viewed as colluding, in which the doctor acquiesced with the patients' own biomedical theories. However, a few explanations were perceived by patients as tangible, exculpating, and involving. These explanations were experienced by patients as satisfying and empowering. Conclusions: Patients with somatisation disorders feel satisfied and empowered by medical explanations that are tangible, exculpating, and involving. Empowering explanations could improve these patients' wellbeing and help to reduce the high demands they make on health services.
Impact of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment on sexual dysfunction.

125 Background: Sexual dysfunction is a common and under acknowledged disorder in women with breast cancer. Sexual dysfunction in this scenario may be related to multiple factors: psychological distress due to diagnosis, physical decline due to treatment, change in hormonal milieu and/or poor body image. METHODS We assessed the changes in sexual activity after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in 45 women using an anonymous questionnaire. Data was analyzed via descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test. RESULTS The age of women in our study ranged between 33-73 years with an average age of 51.6 years. Most of the subjects (89%) had completed chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy however 52% were still on hormonal treatment. Women who were more sexually active prior to breast cancer diagnosis were more likely to experience sexual dysfunction (p = 0.001). Overall, 45% of the women with breast cancer experienced a decline in their sexual health. A greater decline occurred after breast cancer treatment (chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy) than after diagnosis (p < 0.05). Fifty percent had a decrease in libido and sexual arousal, 40.5% had difficulty in reaching sexual orgasm, and 29% had dyspareunia. Sexual difficulties were addressed by the treating oncologist in 3 out of the 45 women. CONCLUSIONS The data reveals that sexual dysfunction is prevalent in breast cancer survivors. Its onset in concomitance with the diagnosis of breast cancer reflects the psychosocial impact of such a diagnosis. The further decline in sexual health after treatment emphasizes the important adverse effects of chemotherapy and hormone therapy in terms of vaginal dryness, dysparunia and sexual well-being. Despite its prevalence, sexual dysfunction is not commonly addressed in women with breast cancer. [Table: see text].
Changes in the management of ALS since the publication of the AAN ALS practice parameter 1999

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the publication in 1999 of the AAN Practice Parameter on ALS was associated with an improvement in the standard of management of the disease. METHODS: Data on 646 patients enrolled in the ALS CARE database and on 465 patients who died in the period May 2001 to November 2002 were compared with similar data obtained from the database from 1996 to May 1999. RESULTS: The specialty ALS clinics were the most important source of information about ALS. The internet was a source for 39%. The treatment of sialorrhea, pseudobulbar emotional lability, and failure of swallowing and breathing had all improved significantly in the period after the publication of the Practice Parameter. However many patients still did not receive a gastrostomy tube or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation when indicated by the Practice Parameter, mainly because of lack of patient compliance. Cost was the main reason why 41% of patients did not receive riluzole, though they spent a third of the cost of this medication on alternative medicines. CONCLUSIONS: The publication of the AAN Practice Parameter was associated with improvement in the standard of care. Most cases in the database come from specialized ALS centers, and further information on the community care of ALS patients is needed.
Possible therapeutic potential of Helicteres isora (L.) and it’s mechanism of action in diseases

Many indigenous medicinal plants possess promising therapeutic properties, but experimental demonstration of specific active compound is lacking. Recent research findings suggest that bioactive fractions derived from a reverberated medicinal plant, namely, Helicteres isora (L.) possesses many therapeutic properties. Different plant extracts are known to cure diarrhea, diabetes, snakebite, weakness and various skin ailments. The present review is an attempt to briefly provide a scientific rationale for indigenously claimed therapeutic potential of bioactive fractions derived after extraction from H. isora against various diseases. Reports have shown that the extracts from bark, fruits and root possess antioxidant, anti-dysenteric, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial properties. The fruit extract of H. isora have been reported to exhibit free radical scavenging activities, ability to induce toxicity in tumor cells and protection to normal cells. However, most of the reports are limited to in vitro systems. Therefore, comprehensive laboratory studies and clinical trials are warranted to ratify the indigenous medicinal claims on H. isora plant. This paper is aimed to contribute to better understanding and in establishing a base for the development of H. isora related herbal formulation(s) that may enable us fight against many diseases including cancer.