Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BOARDS AND DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY: EVIDENCE FROM THE SPANISH SAVINGS BANKS SECTOR

When executives seek to satisfy their need for prestige and status through long-term strategic decisions that increase the size of the company -such as corporate diversificationbut do not improve the firm’s performance, agency costs might appear. Thus, the current work aims to responding the following question: does the corporate governance of an organization influence its diversification strategy? Considering that most research to date has focused on the governance structure of large public limited companies, we considered it would be useful to centre our study on organizations lacking alienable property rights and with an allocation of decision rights decided by law -this is the case of the Spanish savings banks. The results obtained show that board size, number of meetings, and ROE are positively associated with diversification.
The link between poor parenting and prevalence of drug abuse among children at Kibera Slum in Nairobi, Kenya

Aims: the aim of the research was to determine if there is a link between poor parenting and prevalence of drug abuse among children in Kibera informal settlements. Its specific goals are: identifying the prevalence of poor parenting in the slum, extent of drug abuse among the children in the area, and the link between the two. Methods: the study was conducted in all nine major villages that make up Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya. the study was conducted through a qualitative method that entailed the use of in depth interviews and focus group discussions. the collected data was analyzed through transcription and coded. results: the study found that there is high prevalence rate of drug abuse among the children in Kibera slum. Furthermore, it found that poor parenting is at an alarming rate in the slum. the study also found that there is a link between poor parenting and drug abuse among children in Kibera slum. conclusion: Poor parenting in Kibera slum has caused the prevalence of the drug abuse among children in Kibera slum. One of the solutions to drug abuse among children in Kibera slum is, therefore, an improvement on parenting.
The Pattern of Benign Breast Diseases in Rural Hospital in India

Background: Benign breast diseases are most common cause of breast problems. Up to 30% of women suffer from benign breast diseases and requiring treatment at some time in their lives. Benign breast diseases are 5 to 10 times more common than breast cancer. Until recently benign disorders of the breast has been given less importance than breast cancer. Consequently, many patients with benign breast diseases receive little attention from clinicians. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Medical College and Hospital during the period April 2007 to September 2009. A total of 481 patients had breast disease, among these 380 patients had benign breast disease and which are included in the study. Results: Among all the benign breast diseases, right sided breast involvement was more common constituting 181 (47.63%) cases while left breast involvement was less common constituting 151 (39.73%) of the patients. Bilateral involvement was seen in only 48 (12.63%) of patients. The pattern of benign breast disease, fibroadenoma was the most common lesion constituting 160 (42.1%) cases.
Integrated nutrient management in Ratoon Tuberose.

Tuberose is most important cut flower not only due to its white color flowers, attractive spike and delightful fragrance, but ease cultivation and wide adaptability to varying soils and agro-climatic conditions. For commercial flower production, the important objectives are increased flower production, quality of flowers and perfection in the form of plants. The quality of cut flowers is greatly influenced by climatic, geographical and nutritional factors. Out of them, nutritional factor is playing a major role. At present, nutrients are supplied through chemical fertilizers. The indiscriminate and continuous use of chemical fertilizers has leaded to an imbalance of nutrients in soil which has an adversely effected the soil health, affecting the yield and quality of the product. Therefore, with knowledge on integrated nutrient management, cultivation of crop gives better quality, maximum yield per unit area, reduces the cost of chemical fertilizers as well as improves the quality of soil. The research work at various levels shows that the application of organic manure and biofertilizer with reduce dose of chemical fertilizer improve the quality and production of the tuberose flower
How scale-free type-based networks emerge from instance-based dynamics

This article defines a growth model for complex networks based on the underlying dynamics reminiscent of biological systems. The model constructs a network consisting of vertices that correspond to biological types of elements and edges modelling the dynamical interactions that have occurred between instances of these types. It is shown that under endogenous birth-only dynamics a scale-free distribution can emerge with general properties similar to those in biological systems. We also show that, as in Biology, the growth model can produce networks that are organised in a hierarchical modular fashion.
Effect of different catalyst deposition technique on aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition

The paper reported the investigation of the substrate preparation technique involving deposition of iron catalyst by electron beam evaporation and ferrocene vaporization in order to produce vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes array needed for fabrication of tailored devices. Prior to the growth at 700°C in ethylene, silicon dioxide coated silicon substrate was prepared by depositing alumina followed by iron using two different methods as described earlier. Characterization analysis revealed that aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes array of 107.9 µm thickness grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition technique can only be achieved for the sample with iron deposited using ferrocene vaporization. The thick layer of partially oxidized iron film can prevent the deactivation of catalyst and thus is able to sustain the growth. It also increases the rate of permeation of the hydrocarbon gas into the catalyst particles and prevents agglomeration at the growth temperature. Combination of alumina-iron layer provides an efficient growth of high density multiwalled carbon nanotubes array with the steady growth rate of 3.6 µm per minute for the first 12 minutes and dropped by half after 40 minutes. Thicker and uniform iron catalyst film obtained from ferrocene vaporization is attributed to the multidirectional deposition of particles in the gaseous form.
Do headstart programs work? Survival and body condition in headstarted Mona Island iguanas Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri

Headstarting refers to the raising of hatchlings in captivity and subsequently releasing them into the wild and it is a widely used tool to protect endangered species by increasing survivor- ship. Evaluating the success of headstart programs is necessary but challenging. We evaluated a headstart program for the endangered Mona Island iguana Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri by analyzing demographic and spatial data and by comparing growth rate, body condition, and external parasitic load of headstarted and wild iguanas. Hatchlings were released at about 3 yr age. Minimum survival rate was 40.3 %, at 7.6 to 48.3 mo after release. Most migrated from the release site back to the rear- ing facilities about 633 m away. Density around the rearing facility increased from 7.5 to 11.5 iguanas ha -1 (25 of 75 captures were headstarted iguanas). Released headstarted iguanas exhibited growth rates similar to the maxima observed in captive and wild mid-sized iguanas. Growth rates decreased immediately prior to release, indicating that husbandry practices ought to be reviewed. There was no evidence for an effect of captivity on susceptibility to external parasites. Increased local density indi- cates that the program was successful. However, the longer-term success remains unknown, as most headstarted iguanas returned to the headstart facility without establishing territories typical for adult wild Mona iguanas.
USE OF SOME AGRO-INDUSTRIAL LIGNOCELLULOSE BY-PRODUCTS FOR EDIBLE MUSHROOM Volvariella volvacea CULTJVATION

The mycelial growth of two Mexican strains of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.: Fr.) Sing. , in 13 agroindustrial wastes is reported. The following substrates were used: banana leaves, bracts of pineapple crowii, coconut fibre, wffee bran, coffee pulp, corn cob, corn stover, orange peel, rice bran, rice straw, sisal bagasse, sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw. Mycelial growth, mycelial thickness and pinhead fomations were the parameters evaluated. Fruiting bodies were obtained only from one strain growing in bracts of pineapple crown, coffee pulp, rice straw and sisal bagasse. Pnmordia were developed behveen 13 and 15 days. The highest biological efficiency was achieved on rice straw, 33.8%, while the results obtained for coffee pulp, sisal bagasse and bracts of pineapple crown were 1 5, 7.8 aiid 6.2%, respectively. Cliemical aiialyses of tlie substrates registered CM ratios of 33: 1 to 80:l. The results demonstrate the possible use of rice straw and wffee pulp for mushrooom cultivatioii in Mexico, which would provide a source of protein nch food as well as encouroge the biological conversion processess of agro-industrial wastes.
Content of Heavy Metals in Needles of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) in Selected Pine Forests in Słowiński National Park

Abstract The paper presents the results of study on heavy metals in needles of Pinus sylvestris in selected pine forests in Słowiński National Park. It was evidenced that heavy metal contents (Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) in needles of Pinus sylvestris varied depending on the metal, the age of the needles and the humidity of a forest complex. Variation coefficients of such metals remained at the level of: 13-30% (Zn), 3-6% (Cu), 13-34% (Mn) and 12-30% (Fe) depending on the age of the needles. In the case of Zn, Mn and Fe higher concentrations of researched metal were found in the 2-year-old needles than in 1 year old needles, and in the case of Cu in 1 year old needles than in 2-year-old needles. The increase of zinc concentration found in 1-year-old needles after rainfall sums was (Bw, r = 0.67, p < 0.05, n = 24) and (Bśw, r = 0.39, p < 0.05, n = 24) in 2-year-old needles. The content of the above mentioned metals in needles of dry coniferous forests (Bs), fresh coniferous forests (Bśw) and humid coniferous forests (Bw) of the ground cover constitute the following decreasing series: Mn(323.8) > Fe(103.4) > Zn(65.5) > Cu(5.9). ZAWARTOŚĆ METALI CIĘŻKICH W SZPILKACH SOSNY ZWYCZAJNEJ (Pinus sylvestris L.) W WYBRANYCH BORACH SOSNOWYCH SŁOWIŃSKIEGO PARKU NARODOWEGO Praca przedstawia wyniki badań nad zawartością metali ciężkich w szpilkach Pinus sylvestris wybranych borów sosnowych Słowińskiego Parku Narodowego. Wykazano, iż zawartości metali ciężkich (Zn, Cu, Mn i Fe) w igliwiu były zróżnicowane w zależności od metalu, wieku igliwia oraz wilgotności ekosystemu leśnego. Współczynniki zmienności tych metali utrzymywały się na poziomie: 13-30% (Zn), 3-6% (Cu), 13-34% (Mn) oraz od 12-30% (Fe) w zależności od wieku igliwia. W przypadku Zn, Mn i Fe stwierdzono większe stężenia badanego metalu w igliwiu 2-letnim, niż 1-rocznym, a w przypadku Cu w igliwiu 1-rocznym niż 2-letnim. Wykazano między innymi wzrost koncentracji cynku w igliwiu 1-rocznym (Bw, r = 0,67, p < 0,05, n = 24) oraz igliwiu 2-letnim (Bśw, r = 0,39, p < 0,05, n = 24) wraz ze wzrostem sumy opadów deszczu. Zawartości powyższych metali w igliwiu boru suchego (Bs), boru świeżego (Bśw) i boru wilgotnego (Bw) tworzą następujący szereg malejący: Mn(323,8) > Fe(103,4) > Zn(65,5) > Cu(5,9).
The utility of harvest recoveries of marked individuals to assess polar bear (Ursus maritimus) survival

Management of polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ) populations requires the periodic assessment of life history metrics such as survival rate. This information is frequently obtained during short-term capture and marking efforts (e.g., over the course of three years) that result in hundreds of marked bears remaining in the population after active marking is finished. Using 10 additional years of harvest recovery subsequent to a period of active marking, we provide updated estimates of annual survival for polar bears in the Baffin Bay population of Greenland and Canada. Our analysis suggests a decline in survival of polar bears since the period of active marking that ended in 1997; some of the decline in survival can likely be attributed to a decline in springtime ice concentration over the continental shelf of Baffin Island. The variance around the survival estimates is comparatively high because of the declining number of marks available; therefore, results must be interpreted with caution. The variance of the estimates of survival increased most substantially in the sixth year post-marking. When survival estimates calculated with recovery-only and recapture-recovery data sets from the period of active marking were compared, survival rates were indistinguishable. However, for the period when fewer marks were available, survival estimates were lower using the recovery-only data set, which indicates that part of the decline we detected for 2003 – 09 may be due to using only harvest recovery data. Nevertheless, the decline in the estimates of survival is consistent with population projections derived from harvest numbers and earlier vital rates, as well as with an observed decline in the extent of sea ice habitat.
Testing and development of transfer functions for weighing precipitation gauges in WMO-SPICE

Abstract. Weighing precipitation gauges are used widely for the measurement of all forms of precipitation, and are typically more accurate than tipping-bucket precipitation gauges. This is especially true for the measurement of solid precipitation; however, weighing precipitation gauge measurements must still be adjusted for undercatch in snowy, windy conditions. In WMO-SPICE (World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation InterComparison Experiment), different types of weighing precipitation gauges and shields were compared, and adjustments were determined for the undercatch of solid precipitation caused by wind. For the various combinations of gauges and shields, adjustments using both new and previously existing transfer functions were evaluated. For most of the gauge and shield combinations, previously derived transfer functions were found to perform as well as those more recently derived. This indicates that wind shield type (or lack thereof) is more important in determining the magnitude of wind-induced undercatch than the type of weighing precipitation gauge. It also demonstrates the potential for widespread use of the previously developed transfer functions. Another overarching result was that, in general, the more effective shields, which were associated with smaller unadjusted errors, also produced more accurate measurements after adjustment. This indicates that although transfer functions can effectively reduce measurement biases, effective wind shielding is still required for the most accurate measurement of solid precipitation.
Effect of lead and cadmium on growth of Medicago sativa L. and their transfer to food chain.

Lead and cadmium are considered potential hazards for being most common pollutants in our environments. Current study was conducted at Government College University Botanic Garden, Lahore to examine the effects of Pb and Cd on different growth parameters of a major fodder crop Medicago sativa, and their transfer to a herbivore (rabbit). Plants were grown under field conditions with different treatments prepared as, control (T0), Pb 200 µg/g soil (T1), Pb 400 µg/g soil (T2), Cd 4 µg/g soil (T3), Cd 8 µg/g soil (T4), Pb 200 µg/g soil + Cd 4 µg/g soil (T5) and Pb 400 µg/g soil + Cd 8 µg/g soil (T6), each in triplicate and in a completely randomized design. After harvest, rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were fed with the plant tissues of all treatments for ten days. Significant (P < 0.05) reduction was observed in growth parameters of the plants with increase in metal levels both in single and combined treatments. The maximum accumulation of Pb (96%) and Cd (89%) was observed in roots while the highest translocation of Pb and Cd to shoots was 38 and 37%, respectively. Faeces of rabbits showed much higher values of Pb and Cd than blood samples as about 65% Pb and 38% Cd was excreted via faeces. Overall, results of the study show that M. sativa has the ability to retain maximum concentrations of Pb and Cd in roots and restricts their translocation to shoot and leaves. So the risk of transfer of toxic amounts of Pb and Cd to human beings through this route seems low.
Quality provision under referral consumption

I analyze incentives for provision of quality in a market for an experience good. There is a single producer who is choosing quality and price taking into account three features. First, consumers do not know the quality of the good before purchasing it but use their acquaintances in order to obtain information about it. Second, consumers assign a common initial willingness-to-pay before information transmission takes place. Third, the social network of acquaintances is known to the producer. I define an equilibrium concept taking the point of view of the producer and characterize the set of resulting equilibria for any possible social network. One implication from this characterization is that, if there is a maximal level of quality (given by technological knowledge) that can be chosen, the producer may choose lower levels of quality as the population of consumers is getting more internally connected. This is due to free-riding of information by consumers when quality levels are low. In addition, I identify necessary and sufficient conditions for a new producer arriving in the market to provide a lower quality level though a higher price than the initial producer.
Atmospheric Fine Mode Particulates at Eastern Himalaya, India: Role of Meteorology, Long-Range Transport and Local Anthropogenic Sources

A study on atmospheric fine (less than 2.0 µm) particulate matter was performed for the first time over the eastern Himalayas in India in order to investigate the formation and sources in two different seasons, pre-monsoon (Mar–May) and winter (Dec–Feb), for three consecutive years, 2008, 2009 and 2010. Fine mode aerosols were further segregated into three modes: ultrafine (less than 0.32 µm), superfine (0.32–1.0 µm) and fine (1.0–2.0 µm). The study was carried out at a high altitude hill station Darjeeling (2200 m asl) in the eastern Himalayas, India, using an aerosol spectrometer (GRIMM) to measure aerosol number concentrations. It was found that the ultrafine and superfine aerosol (less than 1.0 µm) concentrations were higher in the pre-monsoon period compared to winter, whereas the concentrations of fine mode aerosols were comparable during these two seasons. Meteorological conditions like sunny/non-cloudy days with higher radiative fluxes and lower humidity favored the formation of ultrafine aerosols from their precursor gases, and the initiation of this formation were observed during 0900–1000 hours LT. Superfine aerosols were mainly found to be aerosols transported from long distances during the pre-monsoon period, and showed peak levels during late morning till late afternoon. In contrast, higher concentrations were seen at night in winter. The fine mode aerosols were mainly locally generated anthropogenic aerosols, mostly emitted from vehicular sources during the pre-monsoon period, and from biomass burning during winter, with sharp diurnal peaks during morning and evening. The long-term study on size segregated aerosol concentrations carried out in this work is of considerable importance, and can be helpful for the validation of several regional and global aerosol models, and for other climate related studies that focus on the Himalayan region.
EFFECT OF PERCEPTION AND PERSONAL TRAITS ON COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION BY WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA

This paper examines the role of perception (e.g. perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) and entrepreneurial traits (such as, innovativeness, risk-taking propensity, perseverance, and flexibility) on computer technology adoption by women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Members of the national association of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia (NAWEM) were surveyed. The findings show that women entrepreneurs are driven by instrumentality in technology adoption. Contrary to the process orientation reported in previous studies for women in general, Malaysia women entrepreneurs are outcome oriented in technology adoption. Innovativeness and risk-
A hybrid fuzzy MCDM approach for project selection problem

Article history: Received March 14, 2014 Accepted August 10, 2014 Available online August 12 2014 Nowadays, selection of an optimal project has become a challenging task for managers and decision makers. Project selection for a decision maker can be viewed as a complicated multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problem, which requires consideration of a number of conflicting, tangible and intangible selection criteria. Moreover, decision makers tend to use linguistic terms for expressing their assessments because of their different backgrounds and preferences, some of which may be uncertain and incomplete. Hence, this paper focuses on developing a hybrid fuzzy MCDM approach by combining AHP and VIKOR for solving the project selection problem. Finally, A numerical example is proposed to illustrate an application of the proposed method. © 2015 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Use of Soybean Fatty Acids and Soybean Calcium Salt Fatty Acids in Broiler Chickens Diets

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of soybean fatty acids and soybean calcium salt fatty acids on yield, carcass efficiency, pancreas percentage and abdominal percentage in broiler chickens. A total of 500 broiler chickens of a commercial breed (Ross) were placed in 20 pens with 25 chickens in each pen and the experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications for each treatment. Treatments were included control (T1, with no soybean fatty acids or soybean calcium salt fatty acids), 0, 2.5 and 5% soybean fatty acids (T2), 0, 2.5 and 5% soybean calcium salt fatty acids (T3) and 2.5, 5, 5% soybean fatty acids (T4) and 2.5, 5 and 5% soybean calcium salt fatty acids (T5) in starter, grower and finisher period respectively. In different stages of the experiment, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio increased significantly between treatments (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between carcass efficiency and pancreas percentage (P < 0.05). The use of soybean fatty acids and soybean calcium salt fatty acids had no significant effect on abdominal fat. Results show that the use of soybean fatty acids as compared with soybean calcium salt fatty acids has had beneficial effect on broiler performance.