Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Daily and Monthly Results of Three Evapotranspiration Models in Tropical Zone: A Case Study

Problem statement: Evapotranspiration (ET) has crucial role in agricultural activity, water management and hydraulic engineering. Recently many forms of the equation have been applied for estimating daily and monthly evapotranspiration around the world. Approach: In this study, the daily and monthly ET was estimated by Penman, Penman-Monteith (P&M) and Hargreaves equation to evaluate general relationships for estimating monthly and daily values of these 3 methods and also effect of different parameters such as Humidity and wind speed on fluctuation of ET. Results: The results showed that maximum and minimum values were belonging to Hargreaves and P&M models, respectively. Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed significant difference among the three methods and coefficient variant for daily and monthly analysis was 18.49 and 7.17 respectively. However, the difference between mean value of P&M and Hargreaves, that has the most different, is 1 mm year-1.
Living (in) the city centre, neoliberal urbanism, Engage Liverpool and citizen engagement with urban change in Liverpool, UK

The critical current of urban regeneration scholarly research focusses on neoliberal urbanism. In concentrating on the neoliberal economic, business and financial dimensions as driving forces behind urban change and regeneration, the human dimension of city centres and city centre living is frequently overshadowed. This paper explores the human dimension through the example of Engage Liverpool, a citizen and neighbourhood organisation. This paper investigates citizen engagement with urban development in the setting of the city centre and central waterfront in Liverpool. The paper argues that despite the dominance of global neoliberal forces within regeneration, citizen and neighbourhood organisations such as Liverpool Engage may have the potential to facilitate citizens’ participation as change makers in urban (re)development.
Developing Third Grade Boys and Girls' Spatial Ability by Means of an Extra-Curricular Teaching Unit

The present study focuses on the contribution of a teaching unit to the development of spatial ability of third graders in general and from a gender point of view in particular. The research population consisted of seventy-four pupils: thirty-seven pupils in the experimental group who attended the teaching unit and thirty-seven pupils in the control group. The spatial ability of all the pupils was examined by means of common tests which checked cognitive capabilities of spatial ability. The research findings illustrate an improvement in the spatial ability of the experimental group pupils following the participation in the teaching unit. Moreover, regarding the gender aspect, the findings show that there was no significant differentiation between the spatial ability of third grade boys and the spatial ability of girls of the same age group.
EFFECTS OF LOW BACK PAIN ON OFFICE WORKERS

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is regular among office specialists and is the most widely recognized reason for business related incapacity in individuals under 45 years old. The etiology of LBP is broadly acknowledged to be multi-factorial. Objective: to evaluate the effect of work environment on low back pain. Methodology: A sample (about 40 participants) of office workers were collected (aged between 18 and 60 years and working full-time at least one year of experience in the current position) and asked many questions about LBP. The data in the filled written consent were recorded in a computer program, these data include: Individual factors included gender, age, marital status, educational level, frequency of regular exercise or sport, smoking habits, and number of driving hours a day. Results: The collected data showed that among all responders, 31.5 % suffered from LBP at the time of the survey, 39.2% and 44% presented with LBP within the previous one and 2 years respectively, and 56.1% of selected office workers experienced at least one LBP episode in their lifetime. Their demographic and personal characteristics as well as point, one-year, 2-year and lifetime prevalence of LBP. Conclusion: due to existing bureaucratic factors, in terms of public office workers’ participation in research projects, our investigating team has considered it appropriate to select a representative sample of government clerks by utilizing the method of random cluster sampling.
Season and sediment nutrient additions affect root architecture in the temperate seagrasses Posidonia australis and P. sinuosa

We examined the root systems of 2 temperate seagrasses, Posidonia australis and P. sinuosa, testing the effects of nutrients and season on root architecture. Transplants of each spe- cies were grown in pots containing a standardised sand medium and a localised supply of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or N and P combined. P. australis and P. sinuosa showed similar root architec- ture (primary roots with numerous second-order laterals and few higher-order laterals), but P. aus- tralis produced a larger root system with longer laterals making up the bulk of root length. Sea- grass with combined N and P produced a higher lateral root density (330 ± 18 (SE) branches m �1 root compared to controls with 250 ± 22), and a lower topological index (TI: 0.72 ± 0.03 compared to controls with 0.84 ± 0.02). Despite this response in root architecture, there was no significant change in traits associated with absorptive capacity. Separate nutrient additions had little effect on roots. Root architecture was more complex in summer for both species, with more higher-order laterals (TI: 0.73 ± 0.02) resulting in a more dichotomous pattern compared to winter (TI: 0.86 ± 0.01). P. australis had twice the root length and higher specific root length in summer than winter, mostly due to increases in lateral root number and length. This study demonstrated that P. aus- tralis and P. sinuosa display architectural and morphological plasticity with season and to a lesser extent nutrient addition. The complex root architecture in the slow-growing temperate Posidonia species may reflect hydrodynamic exposure and the importance for anchorage in wave-swept environments.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Approach to Treat Eating Disorders

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary treatment approach used by Hotel Dieu Hospital’s eating disorder clinic. The treatment team provided the participants with medical monitoring, individual counselling, family therapy, and nutritional counselling. It was hypothesized that the multidisciplinary approach would decrease the participants’ eating disorder and psychological symptoms. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the treatment approach used at this eating disorder clinic would effectively restore the participants’ BMI percentile to a healthy weight classification. The current study consisted of 16 female participants between the ages of 13 to 17 years old diagnosed with either anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified. Statistical analyses were completed on the participants’ responses at admission and at discharge on the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3; Garner, 2004) and the Beck Youth Inventories – Second Edition (BYI-II; Beck, Beck, Jolly, & Steer, 2005). These analyses demonstrated that the multidisciplinary approach significantly decreased the participants’ eating disorder and general psychopathology symptoms, which confirms the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis was rejected due to only three participants improving to a healthy weight classification at discharge. Additionally, four different variables were tested using Pearson r correlations to determine if there was a relationship between any of the variables and they included the change in scores on the Eating Disorder Risk Composite (EDRC; Garner, 2004), the change in scores on the General Psychological Maladjustment Composite (GPMC; Beck et al., 2004), the length of treatment, and change in the participants’ BMI percentiles. However, all of the correlations evaluated resulted in weak relationships. In conclusion, it is suggested that there is a need for more research on the multidisciplinary approach to treat individuals diagnosed with eating disorders.
Female Employment in Formal and Informal Sectors of the Serbian Economy

With the economic crisis acknowledged in 2008, unemployment strongly increased – mostly due to the fall in the industrial sector – which indicates the possible emergence of a new poor and extremely poor population, alongside the decrease of trade deficit and foreign direct investment. Serbia has a large informal sector estimated at 35 per cent of GDP in 2007, fuelled by a weak regulatory framework, inappropriate tax and expenditure policies, and weaknesses in law enforcement, including the fight against corruption. It remains an important challenge as it reduces the efficiency of economic policies. The government should now focus on the following three issues to attract entrepreneurs in the formal sector: (i) contract enforcement (especially the functioning of the courts); (ii) access to finance (particularly bank credits); and (iii) clear title to land real property.
Status of Serum Lipids in Individuals with Depression

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown the association between depressive illness with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Serum lipid abnormality is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to access the status of Serum lipid in individuals with depression. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) over the period of 16 month from June 2011 to October 2012. A total of 85 individuals with depression and the same number of age-sex matched controls were enrolled in the study. Depression was diagnosed by Consultant Psychiatrist as per ICD-10-DCR criteria. Serum Lipid profile was assessed from both test and control groups after an overnight fasting. A written consent was taken for anthropometric data and sample collection. RESULTS Large numbers of depressive individuals were found to have Dyslipidemia. Total Cholesterol, TG was found to be significantly higher in test group compared to control. The mean HDL-cholesterol was found significantly lower in test group compared to control. No significant differences between test and control were observed in VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Serum lipid profile abnormalities are found high in individuals with depression. Based on the observation of this study, Serum Lipid abnormalities seen in individuals with Depression make them vulnerable to cardiovascular disease.
The determinants of vertical intra-industry trade in SITC 8: The case of ASEAN-5 and China

The bilateral trade between Asia and United States (US) was diluted since the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. On the other hand, trade ties between Asia and China has been strengthened as China has emerged as the regional and global manufacturing powerhouse attributable to her abundance of labor and aggressiveness of open door policies. In light of the rapid development of regional production networks, vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) has become increasingly important in Asia. The dynamic changes of Asia’s trade networking have reinforced ASEAN-5’s (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) desire to boost the development of VIIT with China in manufactured products. This study seeks to identify the determinants for VIIT between ASEAN-5 and China in the miscellaneous manufacturing sector (SITC 8). The VIIT indices, computed using the decomposition type threshold method, were subjected to panel data analysis using spatial panel model. The explanatory variables consists of ASEAN-5’s FDI in China (FDI), differences in GDP between each ASEAN-5 country and China (DGDP), trade openness (TO) and spatial interaction effect of VIIT (SVIIT). Spatial panel model is adopted in this study as it is strongly believed that spillover effects among ASEAN-5 countries are present. The data used comprise annual statistics from 1993 to 2009. The econometric results show that trade openness is the significant determinant of VIIT as it reduces trading costs and service costs and provides greater opportunity for production fragmentation and results in greater intensity of VIIT between ASEAN-5 and China. The econometric results also confirm the presence of spatial interaction effects among ASEAN-5 as SVIIT is significant. The negative coefficient of SVIIT signifies intense competition among ASEAN-5 countries on VIIT with China in SITC 8. To transform the competition into complementation, ASEAN Economic Community can play a pivotal role as it is a good channel for each ASEAN-5 country to leverage their comparative advantage respectively, and sustain the bilateral trade with China in SITC 8.
Effect of 17α Methyltestosterone on sex reversal of Xiphophorous maculatus platy and Cyprinus carpio Koicarp

Hormone sex manipulation role of the masculinizing hormone 17aMTS was tested in platy Xiphophorous maculatus and koicarp Cyprinus carpio. The fry of platy and koicarp of the first group were fed 17 α- MTS hormone incorporated diet for 90 days. And the other groups were immersed with the hormone for 6h. The hormone incorporated feed at 500mg/l produced 68% males in koicarp and 80% in platy. According to immersion technique 400mg/l produced 85% in platy and 75% in koicarp. Exposure to other concentrations of 17 α- MTS at varying durations invariably produced intersex individuals. From the present study it is concluded that Koicarp and Platy are amenable to endocrine sex reversal by steroid immersion and dietary treatments of fry.
FUNDAÇÃO GETÚLIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE ECONOMIA DE EMPRESAS DE SÃO PAULO Maximilian-Benedikt Herwarth Detlef Köhn Speculative bubbles and contagion: Analysis of volatility’s clusters during the DotCom bubble based on the dynamic conditional correlation model SÃO PAULO 2015 FUNDAÇÃO GETÚLIO VARGA

Reviewing the definition and measurement of speculative bubbles in context of contagion, this paper analyses the DotCom bubble in American and European equity markets using the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model proposed by Engle and Sheppard (2001) as an econometrical and on the other hand the behavioral finance as an psychological explanation. Contagion is defined in this context as the statistical break in the computed DCCs as measured by the shifts in their means and medians. Even it is astonishing, that the contagion is lower during price bubbles, the main finding indicates the presence of contagion in the different indices among those two continents and proves the presence of structural changes during financial crisis.
Increased Expression of MCT 4 and GLUT1 in Early Events of Spheroid Formation of Adenocarcinomic Epithelial Cells A 549

Monolayer cell cultures (2D) cannot adequately represent the growth and microenvironment conditions of three-dimensional (3D) tumors, resulting in false interpretation of molecular events and responses to chemotherapeutic interventions of solid tumors in vivo. Anaerobic conditions within an expanding spheroid, similar to in vivo conditions, cells are competing for nutrients and oxygen resulting in activated expression of metabolic enzymes in order to ensure an adequate supply of energy for cell proliferation. On the other hand cells growing in 2D cultures no such competition and no selective pressure exist. Therefore, in vitro multicellular tumor spheroid models provide a more reliable tool for drug screening and target identification. We established a screening strategy where small spheroids of A549 adenocarcinomic epithelial cells are studied. Induction of ITGA6 a marker in cellular polarity in 3D cultures could not be confirmed in our early formed spheroids. When these small colonies of cells are propagated under levitating conditions, nutrient and oxygen limitation is not relevant, therefore hypoxic induction of transcription machinery has not been initiated. We found that expression of genes coding for glycolytic enzymes PGK1, ALDOA1 and LDHA, some of the main indicators of cancer glycolytic pathway, was not changed significantly. In contrast, elevation of lactate transporter MCT4 and glucose transporter GLUT1 mRNA could be detected in 3D propagated cells. Interestingly, the other type of lactate transporter, MCT-1 expression was unaltered, therefore specific inhibition of MCT4 might prevent spheroid formation and growth. Our strategy for screening novel targets of early events of spheroid formation might identify proteins that may be promising pharmacological targets for cancer chemotherapy.
Analysis of riverine suspended particulate matter fluxes (Gulf of Lion, Mediterranean Sea) using a synergy of ocean color observations with a 3-D hydrodynamic sediment transport model

The export of riverine suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the coastal ocean has major implications for the biogeochemical cycles. In the Mediterranean Sea (France), the Rhone River inputs of SPM into the Gulf of Lion (GoL) are highly variable in time, which severely impedes the assessment of SPM fluxes. The objectives of this study are (i) to investigate the prediction of the land-to-ocean flux of SPM using the complementarity (i.e., synergy) between a hydrodynamic sediment transport model and satellite observations, and (ii) to analyze the spatial distribution of the SPM export. An original approach that combines the MARS-3D model with satellite ocean color data is proposed. Satellite-derived SPM and light penetration depth are used to initialize MARS-3D and to validate its predictions. A sensitivity analysis is performed to quantify the impact of riverine SPM size composition and settling rate on the horizontal export of SPM. The best agreement between the model and the satellite in terms of SPM spatial distribution and export is obtained for two conditions: (i) when the relative proportion of ''heavy and fast'' settling particles significantly increases relative to the ''light and slow'' ones, and (ii) when the settling rate of heavy and light SPM increases by fivefold. The synergy between MARS-3D and the satellite data improved the SPM flux predictions by 48% near the Rhone River mouth. Our results corroborate the importance of implementing satellite observations within initialization procedures of ocean models since data assimilation techniques may fail for river floods showing strong seasonal variability.
Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), II: further studies of differences amongst sample means and their taxonomic relevance

Lengths of cnidae, sampled from fresh tissue (tentacles, acontia or column) from the sea anemones Metridium senile (Linnaeus), Cereus pedunculatus (Pennant), Sagartia elegans (Dalyell), Sagartia troglodytes (Price), Anthopleura thallia (Gosse) and Urticina eques (Gosse), were measured. The mean, mode, median, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, minimum, maximum and range of each sample were calculated. Lengths of nematocysts (basitrichs and microbasic p-mastigophores) and spirocysts had normal (Gaussian) frequency distributions, and there was no important within-sample variability. A between-sample (same specimen) difference was detected between mean lengths of microbasic p-mastigophores from acontia in Sagartia elegans. Intraspecific (between-specimen) differences amongst mean lengths of basitrichs from column ectoderm were detected amongst four specimens of Urticina eques, and a difference occurred between the mean lengths of microbasic p-mastigophores from the acontia of two specimens of Sagartia elegans. However, for each of the species U. eques and S. elegans, there was no direct correlation between the sizes of the anemones examined and the mean lengths of their nematocysts. Overall, the results confirm that cnida size, when taken in isolation, is not a reliable taxonomic character for sea anemones. For other purposes, mean cnida measurements may be useful and a rapid sample range test is suggested for analysing differences between them. Methods are also presented for estimating means and standard deviations from data in publications that provide only ranges of cnida sizes and the number of cnidae measured. The present results and conclusions supplement those of Williams (1996, Scientia Marina, 60: 339-351).
Overparenting and Young Adult Narcissism: Psychological Control and Interpersonal Dependency as Mediators

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii DEDICATION . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY . 22 Measures . 23 Demographic Questionnaire . 23 Helicopter Parenting Instrument (HPI) . 24 Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) . 24 Psychological Control ScaleYouth Self-Report (PCS-YSR) . 26 Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (IDI) . 27 CHAPTER III RESULTS . 29 CHAPTER IV – DISCUSSION. 37 Limitations . 39 Areas for Future Research . 40 Conclusion . 41 APPENDIX A – IRB Approval Letter . 43 vi APPENDIX B – Electronic Informed Consent . 44 REFERENCES . 46
Extending Counter-streaming Motion from an Active Region Filament to a Sunspot Light Bridge

We analyze high-resolution observations from the 1.6 m telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory that cover an active region filament. Counter-streaming motions are clearly observed in the filament. The northern end of the counter-streaming motions extends to a light bridge, forming a spectacular circulation pattern around a sunspot, with clockwise motion in the blue wing and counterclockwise motion in the red wing, as observed in the Hα off-bands. The apparent speed of the flow is around 10–60 km s−1 in the filament, decreasing to 5–20 km s−1 in the light bridge. The most intriguing results are the magnetic structure and the counter-streaming motions in the light bridge. Similar to those in the filament, the magnetic fields show a dominant transverse component in the light bridge. However, the filament is located between opposed magnetic polarities, while the light bridge is between strong fields of the same polarity. We analyze the power of oscillations with the image sequences of constructed Dopplergrams, and find that the filament’s counter-streaming motion is due to physical mass motion along fibrils, while the light bridge’s counter-streaming motion is due to oscillation in the direction along the line-of-sight. The oscillation power peaks around 4 minutes. However, the section of the light bridge next to the filament also contains a component of the extension of the filament in combination with the oscillation, indicating that some strands of the filament are extended to and rooted in that part of the light bridge.
Energetics of small scale turbulence in the lower stratosphere from high resolution radar measurements

Very high resolution radar measurements were performed in the troposphere and lower stratosphere by means of the PROUST radar. The PROUST radar operates in the UHF band (961 MHz) and is located in St. Santin, France (44 39' N, 2 12' E). A field campaign involving high resolu- tion balloon measurements and the PROUST radar was con- ducted during April 1998. Under the classical hypothesis that refractive index inhomogeneities at half radar wavelength lie within the inertial subrange, assumed to be isotropic, kinetic energy and temperature variance dissipation rates were es- timated independently in the lower stratosphere. The dis- sipation rate of temperature variance is proportional to the dissipation rate of available potential energy. We therefore estimate the ratio of dissipation rates of potential to kinetic energy. This ratio is a key parameter of atmospheric turbu- lence which, in locally homogeneous and stationary condi- tions, is simply related to the flux Richardson number, Rf .