Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyponatremia with Venlafaxine

OBJECTIVE To describe a patient with hyponatremia associated with venlafaxine therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 92-year-old white woman who was receiving venlafaxine for management of depression was found to have hyponatremia. A detailed workup confirmed the diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). A temporal relationship between initiation of venlafaxine therapy and the onset of hyponatremia indicated it as the probable cause. Venlafaxine was discontinued, and hyponatremia resolved within a few weeks. DISCUSSION: Hyponatremia has been reported with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Serotonin has been reported to elevate concentrations of vasopressin in animal models. Venlafaxine is a potent inhibitor of serotonin reuptake and may have adverse effects similar to those of SSRIs. CONCLUSIONS We report a case of hyponatremia probably caused by venlafaxine. Awareness of this potential problem would be helpful to clinicians and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia. OBJETIVO Informar el caso de un paciente con hiponatremia asociada al tratamiento con venlafaxine. RESUMEN Una mujer de 92 años en tratamiento con venlafaxine para el manejo de depresión desarrolló hiponatremia. Sus otros medicamentos concurrentes incluían fenobarbital 120 mg al acostarse, enalapril 10 mg/d, furosemida 20 mg/d, carbonato de calcio 650 mg dos veces al día, y nortriptilina 50 mg al acostarse. Una evaluación detallada confirmó el diagnóstico del síndrome inadecuado de la hormona antidiurética. La relación temporal entre el inicio del tratamiento con venlafaxine y el inicio de la hiponatremia tiende a señalar a este medicamento como el causante. Al descontinuar el venlafaxine la hiponatremia se resolvió en unas pocas semanas. DISCUSIÓN La hiponatremia ha sido asociada con los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS). En modelos de animales se ha demostrado que la serotonina eleva los niveles de vasopresina. Venlafaxine es un inhibidor potente de la recaptación de serotonina y puede tener efectos adversos similares a los de los ISRS. CONCLUSIONES: Se informó un caso de hiponatremia probablemente causada por venlafaxine. Desde que se sometió este informe han sido publicados tres informes similares de hiponatremia atribuídos a este antidepresivo. Esto sugiere que venlafaxine puede causar hiponatremia. vasopresina. Venlafaxine es un inhibidor potente de la recaptación de serotonina y puede tener efectos adversos similares a los de los ISRS. CONCLUSIONES: Se informó un caso de hiponatremia probablemente causada por venlafaxine. Desde que se sometió este informe han sido publicados tres informes similares de hiponatremia atribuídos a este antidepresivo. Esto sugiere que venlafaxine puede causar hiponatremia. Este hecho debe ser considerado al hacer el diagnóstico diferencial de cualquier paciente que desarrolle hiponatremia mientras esté utilizando este medicamento. Este hecho debe ser considerado al hacer el diagnóstico diferencial de cualquier paciente que desarrolle hiponatremia mientras esté utilizando este medicamento.
Key factors affecting seed germination of Copaifera langsdorffii, a Neotropical tree

In natural conditions biotic and abiotic factors interact, synergistically affecting seed germination. In this study, we experimentally simulated natural conditions that occur during seed dispersal that can affect the germination of Copaifera langsdorffii. Specifically we evaluated the effect of aril removal by different dispersal agents (birds and ants) and fire on germination. The seeds were submitted to the following treatments: Control (seeds placed to germinate with aril intact); Acid (simulation of passage through the digestive tract of a bird); Aril removal (simulation of aril removed by ants); Fire (seeds exposed to fire). Germination percentage and time varied among treatments (X²=89.735, P<0.001; X²=16.225, P<0.001, respectively). None of the control seeds (intact aril) germinated. Treatments that simulated dispersal (Acid, Aril removal) did not differ in germination percentage, with about 50% of the seeds germinating, however, the acid treatment accelerated seed germination. Fire also had a positive effect on seed germination with about 80% of the seeds germinating. Our results demonstrate the importance of dispersal agents to the population dynamics of C. langsdorffii. Furthermore, the capacity of seeds of C. langsdorffii to tolerate high temperatures is an important attribute for the occurrence of this species in the Cerrado.
Functional Characterization of the Flagellar Glycosylation Locus in Campylobacter jejuni 81–176 Using a Focused Metabolomics Approach*

Bacterial genome sequencing has provided a wealth of genetic data. However, the definitive functional characterization of hypothetical open reading frames and novel biosynthetic genes remains challenging. This is particularly true for genes involved in protein glycosylation because the isolation of their glycan moieties is often problematic. We have developed a focused metabolomics approach to define the function of flagellin glycosylation genes in Campylobacter jejuni 81–176. A capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry and precursor ion scanning method was used to examine cell lysates of C. jejuni 81–176 for sugar nucleotides. Novel nucleotide-activated intermediates of the pseudaminic acid (Pse5NAc7NAc) pathway and its acetamidino derivative (PseAm) were found to accumulate within select isogenic mutants, and use of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method permitted large scale purifications of the intermediates. NMR with cryo probe (cold probe) technology was utilized to complete the structural characterization of microgram quantities of CMP-5-acetamido-7-acetamidino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-α-l-manno-nonulosonic acid (CMP-Pse5NAc7Am), which is the first report of Pse modified at C7 with an acetamidino group in Campylobacter, and UDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-α-d-glucopyranose, which is a bacillosamine derivative found in the N-linked proteinglycan. Using this focused metabolomics approach, pseB, pseC, pseF, pseI, and for the first time pseA, pseG, and pseH were found to be directly involved in either the biosynthesis of CMP-Pse5NAc7NAc or CMP-Pse5NAc7Am. In contrast, it was shown that pseD, pseE, Cj1314c, Cj1315c, Cjb1301, Cj1334, Cj1341c, and Cj1342c have no role in the CMP-Pse5NAc7NAc or CMP-Pse5NAc7Am pathways. These results demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for targeting compounds within the bacterial metabolome to assign function to genes, identify metabolic intermediates, and elucidate novel biosynthetic pathways.
Pressure-induced superconductivity in a three-dimensional topological material ZrTe5

Significance Three-dimensional (3D) Dirac semimetals have attracted a lot of advanced research recently on many exotic properties and their association with crystalline and electronic structures under extreme conditions. As one of the fundamental state parameters, high pressure is an effective, clean way to tune lattice as well as electronic states, especially in quantum states, thus their electronic and magnetic properties. In this paper, by combining multiple experimental probes (synchrotron X-ray diffraction, low-temperature transport under magnetic field) and theoretical investigations, we discover the pressure-induced 3D Dirac semimetal to superconductor transition in ZrTe5. As a new type of topological materials, ZrTe5 shows many exotic properties under extreme conditions. Using resistance and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements under high pressure, while the resistance anomaly near 128 K is completely suppressed at 6.2 GPa, a fully superconducting transition emerges. The superconducting transition temperature Tc increases with applied pressure, and reaches a maximum of 4.0 K at 14.6 GPa, followed by a slight drop but remaining almost constant value up to 68.5 GPa. At pressures above 21.2 GPa, a second superconducting phase with the maximum Tc of about 6.0 K appears and coexists with the original one to the maximum pressure studied in this work. In situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations indicate the observed two-stage superconducting behavior is correlated to the structural phase transition from ambient Cmcm phase to high-pressure C2/m phase around 6 GPa, and to a mixture of two high-pressure phases of C2/m and P-1 above 20 GPa. The combination of structure, transport measurement, and theoretical calculations enable a complete understanding of the emerging exotic properties in 3D topological materials under extreme environments.
High dose of epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of H9C2 cardiomyocytes through down-regulation of SIRT1.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that high doses of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can induce toxicity in the liver, kidneys, and intestine. However, there have been no reports of myocardiotoxicity following treatment with EGCG. In this study, we investiged the proliferation and apoptosis of H9C2 cardiomyocytes treated with high dose of EGCG. METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay, cell apoptosis rate was evaluated by TUNEL assay, and the expression alterations of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS EGCG inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in time- and dose-dependent manner in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. SIRT1 participates in the inhibitory effect of EGCG on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that high doses of EGCG inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Down-regulation of SIRT 1 protein expression may be involved.
A comparative study of intrapulmonary gas mixing and functional residual capacity in pulmonary emphysema, using helium and nitrogen as the test gases.

gas, a study was also made of the effect of substituting nitrogen for helium as the test gas in this procedure. The present report describes the results of these studies. In general, the results confirm the suspicion that the Darling method can significantly underestimate the functional residual capacity in advanced emphysema and indicate that the values obtained by the helium method are not dependent upon special properties of the test gas.
Comparative analysis of adaptive wormhole routing in Tori and hypercubes in the presence of hotspot traffic

This paper re-examines the performance merits of the torus and hypercube in the presence of hotspot traffic. The comparative analysis is based on fully adaptive routing as this has been gaining popularity in recent practical multicomputers. Moreover, it uses a new cost model that takes into account the implementation cost of the network and its routers. The results reveal that for moderate and large system sizes, lower dimensional k-ary n-cubes (e.g. 2D torus) always outperform their higher dimensional counterparts even under the pin-out constraint.
Efficacy and safety of a special extract of Rheum rhaponticum (ERr 731) in perimenopausal women with climacteric complaints: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the special extract ERr 731 from the roots of Rheum rhaponticum compared to placebo in perimenopausal women with climacteric complaints. Design: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in which 109 women with climacteric complaints received either one enteric-coated tablet of ERr 731 (n = 54) or placebo (n = 55) daily for 12 weeks. Primary outcome criterion for efficacy was the change in Menopause Rating Scale II (MRS II) total score after 12 weeks. Other efficacy assessments analyzed number and severity of hot flushes, menopause-specific quality of life, number of bleeding/spotting days, and treatment outcome. Results: By 12 weeks, the MRS II total score and each MRS II symptom significantly decreased in the ERr 731 group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.0001). After 4 weeks, ERr 731 also significantly decreased the number and severity of hot flushes (P < 0.0001). After 12 weeks, the overall menopause-specific quality of life was significantly better in women treated with ERr 731 compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Treatment outcome assessed by investigators and participants was better in the ERr 731 group, and ERr 731 was better tolerated than placebo. There were no differences in gynecological findings including endometrial biopsies, bleeding, weight, blood pressure, pulse, and laboratory safety parameters between the treatment groups. No adverse events were classified as being related to the investigational medication. Conclusions: Compared to placebo, ERr 731 significantly reduces the occurrence and severity of climacteric complaints in perimenopause. It is also safe and well tolerated.
Antecedents and Consequences of Female Consumer Expectations and Evaluations toward CSR Activities

Many firms see Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as necessary investments in the community where the firms operate in order to ensure and safeguard sustainable operation for the future. This paper investigates the causal relationship between the antecedents and consequences of consumer expectations and evaluation to CSR activities. The original contribution of this study is that it focuses on the perceptions of female consumers on CSR activities of a multinational company. The research employed 175 women in the Greater Jakarta region as respondents, which consists of 92 housewives and 83 career women. Respondents are existing customer of a multinational consumer goods firm operating in Indonesia . Analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Modeling. Final model showed that customer’s evaluation on the firms’ financial and ethical statements positively influences expectations and evaluations, while Consumer evaluation of a firms’ CSR has indirect effect on Consumer’s Trust, Loyalty and Perceived Risk. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Consumer Expectations and Evaluation, Consumer Trust and Loyalty, Corporate Image, Perceived Purchase Risk.
Low-Dose Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Combinations Selects for Drug-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Strains

ABSTRACT A total of 252 children were enrolled in a drug trial to assess the effect of minimal doses of sulfadoxine (Sdx) and pyrimethamine (Pyr). Parasite samples isolated from these patients were analyzed before and after treatment to investigate the level of drug-resistant strains. The parasite genes encoding dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) were assayed for point mutations that are associated with resistance against drugs. Before treatment, Pyrr genotypes of the DHFR gene were found in 42% of all samples, 8% of the patients harbored a mixed parasite population and 50% had a sensitive DHFR genotype. In terms of the DHPS gene, we found mutations in 45% of the parasites. Twenty-four percent had a Ser436 mutation, and 26% had a Gly437mutation. Recrudescent parasites were highly enriched for both Pyrr and Sdxr strains after treatment (P < 0.001 and P = 0.029, respectively).
Osteogenic sarcoma of the somatic soft tissues. Clinicopathologic study of 26 cases and review of literature

Twenty‐six cases of osteogenic sarcoma of the somatic soft tissue were found during a review of more than 2,100 somatic soft‐tissue sarcomas in the files of the Mayo Clinic. These cases bring the total reported in the English literature through 1968 to 94. In the present series, no tumors occurred during the first two decades of life, in contrast to those primary in bone in which the peak incidence is in the second decade. Twenty‐four tumors were found in the limbs and limb girdles, and two in the retroperitoneum. The spectrum of histologic patterns as described for osteogenic sarcoma in bone was applied to establish the diagnosis. Five tumors were subtyped as chondroblastic, 10 as fibroblastic, and 11 as osteoblastic; all were poorly differentiated. Sarcomas with benign osseous or chondromatous metaplasia, mixed mesenchymal sarcomas, pseudo‐malignant tumors of soft parts (niyositis ossificans), and parosteal osteogenic sarcomas were excluded. In the series, 21 patients had died. Of the 5 living patients, only 2 are long‐term survivors (8 and 12 years). The average survival period was between 3 and 4 years, although 3 patients died with recurrent or mctastatic disease 7, 9, and 14 years after initial treatment. No histologic difference could be detected between tumors with a rapid clinical course and those with a prolonged course.
Relationship Between Sugar Structure and Competition for the Sugar Transport System in Bakers' Yeast

Twenty-five sugars have been compared as inhibitors of l-sorbose or d-xylose transport by the constitutive, monosaccharide transport system in bakers' yeast. d-Glucose showed the highest activity (i.e., apparent Ki = 5 mm). Since all sugars except 2-deoxyglucose showed a decrease in activity relative to glucose (i.e., apparent Ki = 25 − >2,000 mm), an attempt was made to relate the activity of each sugar with the way its structure differs from that of d-glucose. Assuming that the inhibition was the result of sugar-carrier complex formation, the analysis showed that the transport system has a rather broad specificity for pyranoses. Single changes at each of the five carbons of d-glucose (except for the 2-deoxy derivative) result in variable decreases in activity depending upon the carbon number and the alteration. The largest decrease in activity effected by a single change is the methylation or glucosylation of the anomeric hydroxyl. The combination of two or more changes leads to a decrease which is greater than the decrease in activity resulting from the individual changes occurring alone.
An improved departed domain control strategy for acrobot

We propose an improved strategy for control of underactuated two-link manipulator named acrobots. Initial conditions of nonlinear systems determine its trajectory even under same control law, so we introduce a firing control law to change initial conditions, which leads a better performance. The motion space is divided into three areas: firing, swing-up and attractive; control laws for each are designed. For swing-up area, a control law based on a weak-control Lyapunov function(WCLF) is employed to increase the energy and control the posture of the actuated link For attractive area, a control law based on poles placement is designed. Stability is guaranteed in the swing-up area by the use of a WCLF based on LaSalle's invariance principle. Finally, an example is used to compare with previous results.
Circadian Rhythms in Neurospora Crassa: Farnesol or Geraniol Allow Expression of Rhythmicity in the Otherwise Arrhythmic Strains frq 10, wc-1, and wc-2

In Neurospora crassa, the circadian rhythm can be seen in the bd (band) strain as a series of “bands” or conidiation (spore-forming) regions on the surface of an agar medium. Certain mutations at 3 different genes (frq, wc-1,or wc-2) lead to the loss of the circadian rhythm. In this study, it was found that the addition of 10-4 to 10-5 M of geraniol or farnesol restored rhythmic banding to strains that lack a circadian rhythm due to mutations in any 1 of these 3 genes. These 3 conditionally arrhythmic strains now exhibited robust, free-running conidiation rhythms. Their rhythms were neither temperature-compensated nor obviously sensitive to light, so the full properties of a circadian rhythm were not restored. At 20 °C, in growth tubes, farnesol treatment gave periods of 28, 26, and 22 h for the frq 10, wc-1, and wc-2 strains, respectively. Geraniol treatment at 20 °C gave periods of 23, 25.5, and 24.5 h for the frq 10, wc-1, and wc-2 strains, respectively. A PRC for temperature pulses (1 h, 20 to 40 °C) for the frq 10 strain grown in the presence of geraniol showed strong resetting (type 0), suggesting that a temperature-sensitive oscillator was present. Farnesol and geraniol are related to known intermediates in the steroid (or mevalonate) pathway. These data are interpreted in terms of a 2-oscillator model, in which farnesol/geraniol activate or amplify a remaining oscillator (a postulated frq-less oscillator).
Sodium nitroprusside alters dark voltage and light responses in isolated retinal rods during whole-cell recording

Abstract Dark voltage and light responses of isolated retinal rods of Rana esculenta were investigated by employing the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. When the recording pipette was filled with a medium devoid of nucleotides, a spontaneous hyperpolarization of the dark voltage partly due to a diffusional loss of cGMP and its precursor GTP and a retardation in the recovery of the light responses was observed. The larger part of the retardation of the light responses was prevented by 1 mM ATP. Addition of GTP attenuated the hyperpolarization, but did not abolish it completely. When the nitric-oxide-releasing substance sodium nitroprusside plus GTP was applied, the tendency of hyperpolarization disappeared and a stable dark voltage or even a slight depolarization was measured during the whole-cell recording period. Similar results were also obtained when GTP was given in combination with either EGTA or IBMX which are both known to interfere with the cGMP regulating enzymes in retinal rods. In addition to its effects on the dark voltage, an acceleration of the recovery phase of the light responses by sodium nitroprusside was also observed. Our observations strongly suggest that sodium nitroprusside activates guanylate cyclase in photoreceptors, as it does in other tissues, but we cannot exclude with certainty an effect on the phosphodiesterase.
The Effects of Fund Flows on Corporate Investment: A Catering View

I document a positive direct link between mutual fund flow-driven price pressure and future corporate investment. High price pressure firms with high investments have lower future stock returns and operational performance than high price pressure firms with low investments. Investment sensitivity to price pressure is stronger for firms with high churn rates (shorter horizon) and firms with high R&D intensity (with more opaque assets) and remains positive and significant for firms that are less financially constrained, suggesting there is a channel between stock price pressure and corporate investment that is independent of external financing.