Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. The value of roentgenographic measurement in clinical practice with special reference to the broomstick plaster method.

1. Heyman and Herndon's measurements of the terminal state of the hip in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease are used for graphic recording of progress throughout the course of the disease. 2. Application of this method to the records of a number of patients suggests that treatment may have one of four effects on the progress of the disease. 3. It is suggested that the method may help in the choice and control of the clinical treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. 4. In illustration of how the method may be used to compare the effectiveness of different treatments an assessment is made of the broomstick plaster cast technique and other methods of non-ambulatory treatment in seventy-four matched patients. 5. The results suggest advantage in femoral-head containment provided by the broomstick plaster cylinders.
Beneficial effect of midodrine in hypotensive cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites.

Ascites is the most frequent complication of cirrhosis, occurring in nearly 50% of patients within 10 years after cirrhosis is diagnosed.1 A proportion of these patients require large-volume paracentesis (LVP) for symptom relief when other treatment modalities are unsuccessful or impossible. However, frequent LVP is associated with patient discomfort, decreased quality of life, and increased potential risks, such as circulatory dysfunction and related complications.2 Vasoconstrictors are known to have beneficial effects in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), as these agents can improve renal disease related to circulatory dysfunction.3–5 We report 2 patients requiring frequent LVP who benefited from midodrine treatment, as evidenced by the decreased volume of ascitic fluid drained; midodrine treatment also reduced the frequency of paracentesis and, thus, its potential risks.
Bacteriology of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karimnagar

Back ground: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in clinical practice particularly in developing countries & is the second most common cause to visit hospitals. The causative agents for urinary tract infection vary from place to place and they also vary in their susceptibility & resistance patterns. Objectives: Studies will help the physicians to know the most common causative agents & their susceptibility patterns to choose the antibiotic for empirical treatment. This study was done to find out the common bacteria causing UTI & to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the urinary pathogens in a tertiary care hospital at Karimnagar. Materials and Methods: A total of 382 mid-stream urine samples from the suspected UTI patients, were tested microbiologically & antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for the isolated pathogens using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The Prevalence rate in males was 28.5% and in females was 28.4%. E.coli was the most frequently isolated urinary pathogen (54.1%) followed by Klebsiella (23.8%). E.coli was highly sensitive to Imipenem and Nitrofurontoin and it was highly resistant to Cefotaxime, Amoxyclv & Ceftriaxone. Klebsiella was highly sensitive to Imipenem & highly resistant to Cefotaxime. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of UTI was seen in females in reproductive age group & in males in older age group. Gram negative organisms were the most commonly isolated organisms in UTI. Urinary pathogens showed resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The antibiotic treatment should be initiated after sensitivity testing only.
Effect of suckler cow genotype and nutrition level during the winter on voluntary intake and performance and on the growth and slaughter characteristics of their progeny

A 4-year study comparing Hereford × Friesian (HF) and Limousin × Friesian (LF) spring-calving cows and two grass silages on the performance of suckler cows and their progeny was undertaken using 163 cows. Cows were offered, to appetite, grass silage of either low (L) or moderate (M) digestibility in late pregnancy and early lactation. Cows and their calves spent from April until weaning in October at pasture. Bulls were slaughtered at 16 months of age and heifers at 20 months of age. There was no significant effect of cow genotype on dry matter (DM) intake, annual live-weight change or reproductive performance but annual body condition score gain was higher (P 0.05) between genotypes. The male progeny of LF cows had a higher kill-out proportion (P < 0.001) and carcass weight (P < 0.05) and lower (P < 0.05) carcass fat score than HF cows. Compared to the M silage, the male progeny from cows offered the L silage had a greater daily gain from birth to slaughter (P < 0.05), slaughter weight (P < 0.05) and carcass weight (P < 0.05). The corresponding differences for female progeny were in the same direction but were not statistically significant.
The Message for World Kidney Day 2009

In spite of these laboratory updates, recent data demonstrate that a given patient’s knowledge that he or she has CKD is very low. In a recent analysis of almost half a million people in Taiwan who took part in a standard medical screening program, 12 percent had CKD [2] . It was noteworthy that less than four percent of those with CKD were aware of their condition. People with CKD are several times more likely to die from cardiovascular (CV) causes than those without CKD, thus, hypertension is a major risk factor in this context [3] . The combination of CKD and hypertension, therefore, is a major public health issue; because of the costly treatments necessary for endstage renal disease (ESRD), end stage CKD has also become a substantial burden to health budgets.
WORKING PAPER SERIES No . 7 / 2007 HABIT FORMATION , STRATEGIC EXTREMISM AND DEBT POLICY

We suggest a probabilistic voting model where voters’ preferences for alternative public goods display habit formation. Current policies determine habit levels and in turn the future preferences of the voters. This allows the incumbent to act strategically in order to influence the probability of re-election. Comparing to a benchmark case of a certain re-election, we demonstrate that the incumbent’s optimal policy features both a more polarized allocation between the alternative public goods and a debt bias. JEL Classification: D72, D78, H62
Functional emergence of the hippocampus in context fear learning in infant rats

The hippocampus is a part of the limbic system and is important for the formation of associative memories, such as acquiring information about the context (e.g., the place where an experience occurred) during emotional learning (e.g., fear conditioning). Here, we assess whether the hippocampus is responsible for pups' newly emerging context learning. In all experiments, postnatal day (PN) 21 and PN24 rat pups received 10 pairings of odor‐0.5 mA shock or control unpaired odor‐shock, odor only, or shock only. Some pups were used for context, cue or odor avoidance tests, while the remaining pups were used for c‐Fos immunohistochemistry to assess hippocampal activity during acquisition. Our results show that cue and odor avoidance learning were similar at both ages, while contextual fear learning and learning‐associated hippocampal (CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus) activity (c‐Fos) only occurred in PN24 paired pups. To assess a causal relationship between the hippocampus and context conditioning, we infused muscimol into the hippocampus, which blocked acquisition of context fear learning in the PN24 pups. Muscimol or vehicle infusions did not affect cue learning or aversion to the odor at PN21 or PN24. The results suggest that the newly emerging contextual learning exhibited by PN24 pups is supported by the hippocampus. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minimal Invasive Short Posterior Instrumentation Plus Balloon Kyphoplasty With Calcium Phosphate for Burst and Severe Compression Lumbar Fractures

Study Design. Prospective consecutive series. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of minimal invasive surgery for acute lumbar fractures by means of balloon kyphoplasty with calcium phosphate plus segmental short posterior instrumented fusion. Summary of Background Data. In the surgical treatment of lumbar fractures with short pedicle screw instrumentation, the failure to support the anterior spinal column often results in loss of correction. Transpedicular augmentation techniques with bone and bone substitutes have been attempted whereas kyphoplasty has been increasingly used to augment fractured vertebral body. Methods. Eighteen consecutive patients with an average age of 64 ± 15 years, who sustained lumbar (L1–L4) burst and severe compression fracture were included in this prospective study. On admission, 2 (11%) of 18 patients had incomplete neurologic impairment. All patients underwent bilateral balloon kyphoplasty with calcium phosphate bone cement to reduce segmental kyphosis and restore vertebral body height and segmental pedicle screw instrumentation and fusion. Gardner kyphosis angle, anterior (AVBHr) and posterior vertebral body height ratio (PVBHr), and spinal canal encroachment (SCE) were calculated before to after surgery. VAS and SF-36 were used to evaluate functional outcome. Results. All patients were operated within 24 hours after admission and were followed for an average 22 months (17–28 months) after index surgery. Operating time and blood loss averaged 45 minutes and 70 mL, respectively. VAS and SF-36 (role physical and bodily pain domains) were significantly improved after surgery. Both patients with incomplete neurologic lesions recovered, whereas no neurologic deterioration was observed in any case. Segmental kyphosis improved from an average preoperative kyphosis of 16 to 2° after surgery (P < 0.000). AVBHr improved from an average before surgery 0.57 to 0.87 (P < 0.000) after surgery, whereas PVBHr improved from 0.93 before surgery to 0.98 (P < 0.05) after surgery. SCE was reduced from an average 25% before surgery to 19% (P < 0.07) after surgery. Bone cement leakage was observed anteriorly to the fractured vertebral body or to the adjacent superior disc in 4 patients without clinical sequelae, whereas 3 pedicle screws were malpositioned medially to the pedicle in 3 patients without neurologic impairment or associated complaints. Posterolateral radiologic fusion was achieved within 6 to 8 months after index operation. There was no instrumentation failure or loss of sagittal curve and vertebral height correction. Conclusion. Balloon kyphoplasty with calcium phosphate cement combined with posterior segmental short minimal invasive fixation for fresh burst and severe compression lumbar fractures provided excellent immediate reduction of post-traumatic segmental kyphosis with simultaneous reduction of spinal canal encroachment and restoration of vertebral body height in the fracture level.
Protective Behavioral Strategies and Negative Alcohol-Related Consequences in College Students

Objective: Alcohol abuse among college students is associated with a quality of life burden. The current study replicated and extended previous research on protective behavioral strategies (PBS) by examining relationships between PBS use and negative alcohol-related consequences. Method: A national sample of 29,792 U.S. college students who completed the National College Health Assessment during spring 2004 was included. Using a retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data, relationships between PBS use and negative alcohol-related consequences were examined. Results: Greater PBS use was associated with fewer negative alcohol-related consequences, while less frequent use of PBS was correlated with increased negative alcohol-related consequences. Discussion: The current study findings strongly support expanded educational alcohol-intervention programs promoting greater PBS use aimed at reducing or completely alleviating negative alcohol-related consequences (e.g., BASICS, ASTP). Future research should further investigate such PBS-based intervention programs, examine the existence of latent PBS, and study use of combined PBS.
Recycling zinc oxide varistor blocks for electro-active silicone composites

Recycling route toward electro-active silicone composites has been explored. In this paper, a non-linear composite based on silicone and non-linear fillers has been studied. The dependence of the electric field and current density characteristics on the aggregate content in the polymer matrix has been analyzed. The non-linear composite has been optimized to get a percolation way by determination of rate and shape of filler. The waste of metal oxide varistor during processing could be used as non-linear filler. This opens a way to valorize varistor wastes to make a non-linear synthetic material to manage electrical field in a given area in insulator parts.
Meta-Analysis of Trials Comparing Oral Anticoagulation and Aspirin versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after Coronary Stenting

The combination of oral anticoagulation (OAC) and aspirin was the antithrombotic treatment initially adopted after coronary stenting (PCI-S). Although dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine subsequently proved safer and more effective, OAC and aspirin combination is still used in patients with an indication for long-term OAC undergoing PCI-S. The absolute (AR) and relative (RR) risk of cardiac events and hemorrhagic/vascular complications of OAC and aspirin versus antiplatelet therapy were evaluated in a meta-analysis of four historical clinical trials. In 2,436 patients, the RR of a 30-day primary composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction and the need for revascularization was significantly reduced by antiplatelet therapy (RR 0.41; 95% CI 0.25–0.69), whereas the RR of stent thrombosis (RR 0.26; 95% CI 0.06–1.14) and major bleeding (RR 0.36; 95% CI 0.14–1.02) was not statistically different. The 30-day AR of death, myocardial infarction, need for revascularization, major bleedings and vascular complications with OAC and aspirin were 0.65, 3.8, 4.2, 6.4 and 6.6%, respectively. In conclusion, due to the low AR of adverse events, the combination of OAC and aspirin appears an acceptable treatment after PCI-S in patients in whom long-term OAC is deemed mandatory.
Kugelberg-Welander disease with particular reference to sex-influenced manifestations.

SINCE the original descriptions of Wohlfart et al 1 and Kugelberg and Welander 2 there have been a number of reports of familial proximal neurogenic muscular atrophy. The principal findings of Kugelberg-Welander disease (K-W disease) consist of: (1) onset of muscle weakness in childhood or adolescence, (2) proximal muscle atrophy simulating muscular dystrophy, (3) very slow progression, (4) transmission as an autosomal recessive or dominant trait, and (5) neurogenic nature confirmed by electromyography or muscle biopsy. We present here two families, in which both male and female siblings are affected with this disease. We emphasize the remarkable difference in the clinical findings and course between affected male and female siblings. These findings may provide some suggestions in the nosological study of this disorder. Report of Cases Family I. — The proband (B) was a 19-year old unmarried woman. She was one of fraternal twins and her parents were cousins (Fig
The reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Nursing Home Version (NPI-NH)

ABSTRACT Background: Psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disturbances are highly prevalent in the residents of nursing homes. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) is a commonly used scale for the assessment of such symptoms in diverse settings. We have conducted a study of the reliability and the validity of the Norwegian version of the NPI nursing home version (NPI-NH). Methods: The reliability study comprised 41 patients. We established inter-rater reliability between raters with various levels of health education using κ statistics. Fifty patients were included in the validity study. The patients were examined by a physician, who also rated the patient's behavior using “behavioral pathology in Alzheimer's disease” (BEHAVE-AD). Subsequently, a research nurse performed a standardized interview using the NPI and the Cornell scale. Concurrent validity of the NPI and the BEHAVE-AD was analyzed. Results: Internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's α was above 0.8. Inter-rater reliability was, except for one item, between 0.85 and 1.0 across assessors with different levels of health education. All correlations between the NPI and the BEHAVE-AD were significant, ranging from 0.38 to 0.72. The weakest correlations were between items assessing affective and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The Norwegian version of the NPI-NH is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disturbances in the residents of nursing homes. The investigation of depressive symptoms merits particular attention.
Digital coherent optical communication systems: fundamentals and future prospects

The recently-developed digital coherent receiver enables us to employ a variety of spectrally-efficient modulation formats such as M-ary phase-shift keying (PSK) and quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM). Moreover, in the digital domain, we can equalize linear transmission impairments, which may stem from group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) of fibers for transmission, because the phase information is preserved after coherent detection.This paper reviews the history of coherent optical communications, the principle of coherent detection, and the concept of the digital coherent receiver. After that, we discuss digital signal processing (DSP) for mitigating transmission impairments, coherent transmission characteristics of multi-level optical signals, and future prospects of coherent optical communications.
Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery: importance of adhesion between the cochlear nerve and the tumor.

OBJECT To evaluate the possible prognostic factors for hearing preservation, the authors retrospectively reviewed the results of 30 consecutive acoustic neuroma operations in which hearing preservation was attempted, in a total series of 63 acoustic neuromas. METHODS Intracanalicular tumors or those that extended less than 3 mm outside the porus acusticus (10 cases) were resected via the middle fossa approach. The retrosigmoid approach was used for tumors exceeding the limits for the middle fossa approach (20 cases). Overall, hearing was preserved (pure tone average < or = 50 dB and speech discrimination score > or = 50%) in 21 patients (70%). There were 11 patients with severe adhesion between the cochlear nerve and tumor capsule, and 19 without. Hearing was preserved postoperatively in only two (18.2%) of 11 patients with severe adhesion, whereas all 19 without severe adhesion had hearing preservation. CONCLUSIONS The presence or absence of severe adhesion in the interface between the cochlear nerve and the tumor might be the most significant prognostic factor for hearing preservation postsurgery.
The treatment patterns of castration-resistant prostate cancer in Japan, including symptomatic skeletal events and associated treatment and healthcare resource use

ABSTRACT Background: Real-world treatment patterns of bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in Japan were examined, focusing on treatment patterns and resource use differences attributed to symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs). Methods: Urologists (N = 176) provided retrospective chart data for patients with mCRPC (N = 445) via online surveys. Descriptive analyses and chi-square tests evaluated treatment patterns and their differences by SSE presence; generalized linear mixed models examined healthcare resource utilization differences as a function of SSEs. Results: Patients were on average 73.6 years old (SD = 8.3), diagnosed with prostate cancer 5.1 years (SD = 6.2), castration-resistant 2.3 years (SD=2.0), and had 7.9 bone metastases sites (SD=12.4). Novel anti-hormones showed increased adoption as mCRPC treatment. Simultaneously, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist/antagonist use was common (43.6% of patients in 1st line), even as CRPC treatment had started. SSEs were uncommon (2–3% per treatment line; 5% at any time), but were associated with increased opioids, strontium-89, bisphosphonates, and NSAIDs use, plus increased healthcare visits (all p < .05). Conclusions: LHRH agonist/antagonist treatment combinations remain the mCRPC treatment mainstay in Japan. However, novel anti-hormone therapies are becoming well-accepted in practice. SSEs were associated with increased healthcare resource and analgesic use, highlighting the need for efficient symptom management.
Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus and parechovirus infections according to patient age over a 4‐year period in Spain

The epidemiology and clinical association of enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (HPeV) infections, as well as the type‐distribution‐according‐to‐age, were determined during a 4‐year study period in Spain. During 2010–2013, a total of 21,832 clinical samples were screened for EV and the detection frequency was 6.5% (1,430). Of the total EV‐negative samples, only 1,873 samples from 2011 to 2013 were available for HPeV testing. HPeV was detected in 42 (2%) of them. Positive samples were genotyped using PCR and sequencing. EV infections occurred in all age groups of patients: neonates (17%), children 28 days to 2 years (29%), children 2–14 years (40%), and adults (14%). Thirty‐four different EV types were identified. HPeV infections were detected exclusively in infants <8 m (70% neonates, P < 0.05). All but one HPeV were HPeV‐3. Differences in type frequency detection were found according to age and clinical manifestation. Coxsackievirus (CV)‐B4 (61%), CV‐B5 (83%), and HPeV‐3 (64%) were more frequent in neonates than in older patients (P < 0.05). Echovirus (E)‐3 (60%), E‐18 (47%), E‐25 (62%), CV‐A6 (61%), CV‐A16 (72%), and EV‐71 (75%) were mainly detected in children 28 days to 2 years (P < 0.05), whereas, E‐6 (79%), E‐20 (88%), and E‐30 (85%) were predominant in children >2 years and adults (P < 0.05). Clinically, meningitis was associated with EV (P < 0.01) whereas, encephalitis was more frequent in HPeV‐infected patients. CV‐B types were associated with myocarditis (90%; P < 0.05) and EV species A with hand–foot–mouth‐disease/atypical exanthema (88%; P < 0.05). J. Med. Virol. 89:435–442, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Significance of Rapid (Accelerated) Gastric Emptying

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the significance and frequency of rapid gastric emptying (RGE) in clinical practice and to examine its relationship to age, gender, and presenting symptoms Methods The review included 750 patients who underwent scintigraphic gastric emptying studies (GES) within the past 11 years. In 80 patients with RGE, the mean gastric emptying time (GET) in female and male patients was compared with study gender differences. Similarly, the mean GET in young and old patients was compared with study age differences. The presenting symptoms and conditions indicating GES were noted. Results RGE was found in 80 of 750 study patients (10.7%). RGE was equally common in both sexes. Younger patients (mean age, 34.3 ± 9.5 years) and older patients (mean age, 67.3 ± 11.6 years) had similar mean GETs. Most patients with RGE presented with symptoms that mimicked gastroparesis. Conclusions RGE has no relationship to age or gender. RGE may be representative of early dumping syndrome in most patients. GES help make a clear distinction between early dumping syndrome and gastroparesis, which can present with similar symptoms.