Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perspective: The Emergence of Product Design as a Field of Marketing Inquiry†

The authors present findings from an analysis of articles related to product design published in eight leading journals important to marketing thought. Based on this analysis, which covers the fourteen-year period 1995–2008, the authors propose a conceptual model of product design and offer definitions for (a) product design and (b) the product design process. In addition, the authors provide insights into the nature of product design research during this time period, including analyses of publication trends and the relationship of product design research to related marketing topics. The essay concludes with suggestions for future research on product design.
Holoprosencephaly, sacral anomalies, and situs ambiguus in an infant with partial monosomy 7q/trisomy 2p and SHH and HLXB9 haploinsufficiency

We report an infant with holoprosencephaly (HPE), sacral anomalies, and situs ambiguus with a 46,XY,der(7)t(2;7)(p23.2;q36.1) karyotype as a result of an adjacent‐1 segregation of a t(2;7)pat. The chromosomal abnormality was diagnosed prenatally after sonographic detection of HPE in the fetus. The baby was born at 37 weeks gestation, and died in the newborn period; he had dysmorphic features consistent with HPE sequence. Postmortem internal evaluation showed semilobar HPE, abdominal situs ambiguus, multiple segments of bowel atresia, dilatation of the ureters, and bony sacral anomalies. Molecular analysis confirmed hemizygosity for the SHH and HLXB9 genes, which are likely to be responsible for the HPE and sacral phenotypes, respectively. Immunohistochemical studies showed intact dopaminergic pathways in the mesencephalon, suggesting that midbrain dopamine neuron induction appears to require only one functioning SHH allele.
Islamic Banks in Jordan: Performance and Efficiency Analysis

Islamic banking commenced in Jordan approximately two decades ago. Ever since it has played an important role in financing and contributing to different economic and social sectors in the country. However, there are limited studies on the financial performance of Islamic banks. This paper, therefore, examines and analyzes the Jordanian experience of Islamic banking, focusing on the two largest Islamic banks in the country: the Jordan Islamic Bank for Finance and Investment (JIBFI) and the Islamic International Arab Bank (IIAB), and evaluates these Islamic banks' performance. The paper also sheds some light on the domestic and global challenges that this sector faces. We used a performance evaluation methodology, and conducted profit maximization, capital structure and liquidity tests, and found that both banks' efficiency and ability has increased, both have expanded their investment and activities and played an important role in financing projects in Jordan. Another interesting finding is that these banks focused on short-term investments, which is often found in most Islamic banking practices. Our research also found that Islamic banks have a high growth in credit facilities and in profitability; and postulates whether this might encourage other banks to adopt the Islamic financial system.
Effects of extra human urine volume application in plant and soil

Although it has been known that human urine could be reused as nutrients for plant, too much application may cause an accumulation of sodium (Na) and/or nitrogen (N) in soil and eventually inhibit plant growth. A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of extra urine application in plant and soil. Thus, pot test was conducted in greenhouse using synthetic urine, Komatsuna and sandy soil. 34.86 ml of synthetic urine (U-V0) which contained 140 mg-N and corresponded to N-based standard requirement for Komatsuna, 69.72 ml of synthetic urine (U-2V0), 104.58 ml of synthetic urine (U-3V0), 58.82 ml of modified Hoagland solution (V-H) which contained 140 mg-N as positive control and nonfertilizer (C) were applied into different pots (1/10000a). The results indicate that U-2V0 and U-3V0 had no inhibition effect in plant height, shoot and root dry biomasses after one time cultivation, since low amount of Na was applied through urine in soil and Komatsuna is salt moderately plant. However, low K/Na ratio in plant shoot and root, defined as a primary salt stress, was observed in all urine treatments and this phenomenon was especially accentuated in U-3V0. Furthermore, the “unknown-N” calculated from N-balance before and after cultivation could be N-volatilization from pot and was higher in U-2V0 (28.75%) and U-3V0 (24.37%) compared to U-V0 (17.1%). The results suggest that, application of adequate human urine volume based on plant N requirement is a better option for its reuse.
Why do Firms Repurchase Shares? Evidence from Actual Share Repurchases

﻿In practice, the share repurchase announcement is not a commitment to managers. To this end, the large difference between the actual and announced share repurchases is often observed in markets. In this paper, we explore the implications from actual share repurchase activities, different from the existing methods which focus on the announcements of share repurchases and hence largely ignore the managers’ actual repurchasing activities. By considering actual share repurchases and controlling variables, the new empirical evidence found in this paper clearly supports the agency and investor divergence of opinion hypotheses, but not for the information asymmetry hypothesis.
Business Models in European Banking: A Pre-and Post-Crisis Screening

The next few years will be critical for Europe’s banking industry as it faces a number of financial sector reforms that will have a decisive impact on the dominant practices and business models followed across the EU. This timely report presents the results of the first screening exercise conducted of the performance, stability, risk, efficiency and corporate governance of 26 major European banks, before, during and after the financial crisis, with a view to identifying key strengths and weaknesses inherent in the dominant business models in light of the upcoming regulatory changes.
Numerical Study of Airfoils Aerodynamic Performance in Heavy Rain Environment

Heavy rainfall greatly affects the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. There are many accidents of aircraft caused by aerodynamic efficiency degradation by heavy rain. In this Paper we have studied the heavy rain effects on the aerodynamic efficiency of cambered NACA 64-210 and symmetric NACA 0012 airfoils. Our results show significant increase in drag and decrease in lift. We used preprocessing software gridgen for creation of geometry and mesh, used fluent as solver and techplot as postprocessor. Discrete phase modeling called DPM is used to model the rain particles using two phase flow approach. The rain particles are assumed to be inert. Both airfoils showed significant decrease in lift and increase in drag in simulated rain environment. The most significant difference between these two airfoils was the NACA 64-210 more sensitivity than NACA 0012 to liquid water content (LWC). We believe that the results showed in this paper will be useful for the designer of the commercial aircrafts and UAVs, and will be helpful for training of the pilots to control the airplanes in heavy rain Keywords—airfoil, discrete phase modeling, heavy rain, Reynolds number
A novel approach to attenuate proliferative vitreoretinopathy using ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction and recombinant adeno‐associated virus‐mediated RNA interference targeting transforming growth factor‐β2 and platelet‐derived growth factor‐B

To date, with the exception of surgery, there are no satisfactory treatments available for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) represents a new approach for the gene therapy of eye diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the attenuation of PVR by a combinatorial use of UTMD and recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV)‐mediated RNA interference (RNAi) targeting transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β2 and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐B.
PARASITES AND PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH HOUSEFLIES AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS IN OSOGBO , SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Houseflies are known as nuisance pests due to their ubiquitous nature in the environment. The present study investigates the roles of houseflies as mechanical vectors of parasites and bacteria in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria. The body parts of the houseflies collected from slaughter slabs, dumping grounds and palm wine spots were examined for parasitic cysts and bacterial isolates. The bacteria were isolated using standard bacteriological procedures and the parasites were observed microscopically. The bacteria isolates were thereafter subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using standard protocol. All the seventy (70) samples examined harbored pathogenic bacteria. The bacteria isolated include, Salmonella typhii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia species. , Enterobacteraerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella monganii, Vibrio cholera, Shigella species and Serratia marcescens. Even though there was variation in diversity of the bacteria across the study locations, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The cyst of Entamoeba histolytica and eggs of Asacris lumbricoides were also recovered from few houseflies. Most of the bacteria isolates showed multiple resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, Cefuroxime and Ceftazidine. The isolation of these multi-drug resistance bacteria and cysts of pathogenic parasites underscore the need for constant health education on promotion of environmental sanitation in the study area.
Protective effect of acetyl‐l‐carnitine against cisplatin ototoxicity: role of apoptosis‐related genes and pro‐inflammatory cytokines

Cisplatin is an anti‐neoplastic agent treatment with which causes many side effects including ototoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acetyl‐l‐carnitine would have protective effects on cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity in vitro, and if present, to reveal roles of apoptotic gene expressions and pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Effect of Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation on Outcome after Fracture of the Femoral Neck or Intertrochanteric Fracture*

A study was performed to assess the impact of intensive inpatient rehabilitation on the outcome after a fracture of the femoral neck or an intertrochanteric fracture. Before 1990, our hospital did not have an inpatient rehabilitation program. On January 1, 1990, a diagnosis-related-group-exempt (DRG-exempt) acute rehabilitation program was initiated. Patients were discharged to this program after evaluation by a staff physiatrist. Before 1990, twenty-seven (9.0 per cent) of 301 patients were discharged to an outside rehabilitation facility. After January 1990, the percentage of patients who were discharged to the DRG-exempt program increased yearly, from nineteen (17 per cent) of 113 patients in 1990 to forty-one (64 per cent) of sixty-four patients in 1993; this difference was significant (p < 0.01). Before 1990, the average duration of the stay in the hospital was 21.9 days. After January 1990, the average duration for the patients who did not enter the rehabilitation program was 20.0 days whereas the average duration for those who did was 31.4 days (16.1 days for acute care and 15.6 days for the rehabilitation program). There were no differences in the hospital discharge status or in the walking ability, place of residence, need for home assistance, or independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living at the six and twelve-month follow-up examinations between patients who had been managed before initiation of the rehabilitation program and those managed after it or between patients who had been discharged to this program after its initiation and those who had not. These results raise serious questions regarding the global cost-effectiveness of these programs for patients who have had a fracture of the femoral neck or an intertrochanteric fracture.
Substance Use and Women's Health

ABSTRACT Scientific findings show that substance abuse in women yields a higher risk of a variety of health problems than substance abuse in men. Research suggests that women experience addiction telescoping when they abuse alcohol, tobacco, specific stimulants, and possibly opioids. Medical side effects also develop more rapidly in women than men when they abuse many substances. Cancer and cardiac complications, specifically, pose a significant threat for women who abuse almost all types of substances. However, the physical consequences are not the only ones women suffer when they engage in substance abuse. Research on substance abuse in women ties opioids to mood and anxiety disorders, heroin to neurological deficiencies, cocaine to immune system suppression, and alcohol to intimate partner abuse. Additionally, female substance abusers, on average, have a lower level of education and lower rates of employment. In light of these gender-specific concerns, physicians should give particular consideration to detecting substance abuse in women.
The Laryngeal Mask Airway Reliably Provides Rescue Ventilation in Cases of Unanticipated Difficult Tracheal Intubation Along with Difficult Mask Ventilation

In 1995, our department of anesthesiology established an airway team to assist in treating unanticipated difficult endotracheal intubations and an airway quality im-provement (QI) form to document the use of emergency airway techniques in airway crises (laryngeal mask airway [LMA], flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, retrograde intubation [RI], transtracheal jet ventilation [TTJV], and cricothyrotomy). Over a 2-yr period, team members and staff anesthesiologists completed airway QI forms to document the smallest peripheral SpO2 during an airway crisis, the number of direct laryngoscopies (DL) performed before using an emergency airway technique, and the emergency airway technique that succeeded in rescue ventilation. Team members agreed to use the LMA as the first emergency airway technique to treat the difficult ventilation/difficult intubation scenario. A SpO2 value <or=to90% during mask ventilation defined difficult ventilation. Inability to perform tracheal intubation by DL defined difficult intubation. An increase in the SpO2 value >90% defined rescue ventilation. Review of airway QI forms from October 1, 1995 until October 1, 1997 revealed 25 cases of difficult ventilation/difficult intubation. Before airway rescue, the median SpO2 was 80% (range 50%-90%), and there were four median attempts at DL (range one to nine). The LMA had a success rate of 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77-100). Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, TTJV, RI, and surgical cricothyrotomy had success rates of 50% (95% CI 0-100), 33% (95% CI 0-100), 100% (95% CI 37-100), and 100% (95% CI 37-100), respectively. LMA insertion as the first alternative airway technique was useful in dealing with unanticipated instances of simultaneous difficulty with mask ventilation and tracheal intubation. Implications: Twenty-five cases of simultaneous difficulty with mask ventilation and tracheal intubation occurred after the induction of general anesthesia during the study period. The laryngeal mask was used in 17 cases, and it provided rescue ventilation without complication in 94% of these cases (95% confidence interval 77-100). (Anesth Analg 1998;87:661-5)
The Effect of Relationship Encoding, Task Type, and Complexity on Information Representation: An Empirical Evaluation of 2D and 3D Line Graphs

Most of the recent research in data visualization has focused on technical and aesthetic issues involved in the manipulation of graphs, specifically on features that facilitate data exploration to make graphs interactive and dynamic. The present research identifies a gap in the existing knowledge of graph construction, namely potential problems in both 3D and 2D graphs that will impede comprehension of information when three or more variables are used in a graphical representation. Based on theories regarding perceptual issues of graph construction (Bertin 1981; Pinker 1991), we evaluate specific cases where 3D graphs may outperform 2D graphs, and vice-versa. Two experiments have been conducted to test these hypotheses, and 3D graphs have been found to consistently outperform 2D graphs in all of our experimental scenarios. A third experiment has been conducted to identify situations where 2D graphs might perform at least as well as 3D graphs, but its results suggest that 3D graphs outperform 2D graphs even for simple tasks, thus leading to the conclusion that 3D graphs perform better than 2D graphs under all task conditions with more than two variables.
Relative Tick Size and the Trading Environment

This paper examines how the relative tick size influences market liquidity and the biodiversity of trader interactions. Using unique NYSE order-level data, we find that a larger relative tick size benefits High-Frequency Trading (HFT) firms that make markets on the NYSE: they leave orders in the book longer, trade more aggressively, and have higher profit margins. The effects of a larger relative tick size on the market are more complex. In a one-tick spread environment, a larger relative tick size results in greater depth and more volume; in a multi-tick environment, the opposite outcome prevails. The negative impact on depth and volume in the multi-tick environment is consistent with greater adverse selection coming from increased undercutting of limit orders by informed HFT market makers. Our work suggests why a one-size-fits-all spread policy is unlikely to be optimal, and we propose an alternative policy.
Retained Inside Ownership, Signaling, and the Valuation of Initial Public Offerings - Evidence from Germany

This paper investigates the relation between inside ownership and valuation of German initial public offerings from 1997 to 2002. In order to rationalize the under diversification of insiders in the presence of an informational advantage toward investors, the paper tests and confirms the Leland and Pyle (1977) signaling hypothesis of retained inside ownership. The ownership change at the IPO (divestment) is found to have a negative impact on Tobin's Q, while the absolute level of retained inside ownership has a nonlinear impact in an OLS estimation. This impact turns into a linear positive impact in a simultaneous estimation of IPO valuation and the divestment of insiders. Simultaneous estimation is necessary due to a reverse wealth effect proposed by Ritter (1984). Consistent with the wealth effect, IPO valuation is uniquely found to have a negative reverse impact on insider divestment. This is interesting because, except for the work of Ritter (1984), no previous study has accounted for simultaneity in an IPO context. Moreover, other signaling mechanisms proposed in the IPO context are not found to be relevant. They neither act as substitutes nor as complements for the retained inside ownership signal. All findings are robust to a treatment of simultaneity in the general relation of valuation and ownership. This paper contributes to the scarce empirical ownership and valuation research using German data and indicates that this relationship is highly sensitive to the current life cycle circumstances of the firm.
Effects of sedation with acepromazine on echocardiographic measurements in eight healthy thoroughbred horses

Eight normal thoroughbred horses were examined by echocardiography before and 10 minutes after they had been sedated by the intravenous administration of 0·03 mg/kg acepromazine. There were significant (P<0·025) increases in the diameters of the pulmonary artery and the aorta, measured at end-systole, and in the thickness of the interventricular septum, measured at end-systole and end-diastole. In addition, there was a significant (P<0·001) decrease in the diameter of the left atrium measured at end-diastole. The remaining cardiac dimensions, all the indices of cardiac function, and the occurrence and severity of valvular regurgitation were not affected by sedation.
Dissemination and Implementation of Evidence-based Practice in the Social Services: A UK Survey

A cross sectional UK-wide survey assessed current levels of dissemination and implementation of Evidence-Based Practice in social care and social work agencies. A structured questionnaire was e-mailed to 357 agencies of which 155 (43.4%) completed and returned it. Although the results show that Evidence-Based Practice in this area is still in its early stages, most respondents reported a good knowledge of Evidence-Based Practice as well as the view that professional decisions should be informed by—but not only—research evidence. The lack of time, resources, information, and training are identified as the main barriers to be overcome for an effective implementation of Evidence-Based Practice in the social services.
The Ketupat Eating Tradition on Lebaran Ketupat Day in Java

-This article discusses an anthropological study of the cultural power contained in the ketupat eating tradition (ketupat is a food name) among many Javanese Muslim families on the Lebaran Ketupat day, held annually at 8 Shawwal, the tenth month in the Hijri calendar. This study aims to identify the cultural power that forms the ketupat eating tradition on the Lebaran Ketupat day in anthropology perspective. In achieving this goal, the authors use qualitative research methods with cultural anthropology approach. As a tradition related to human behavior, the ketupat eating tradition on the Lebaran Ketupat day is certainly very appropriate to be discussed from the aspect of cultural anthropology. The research results show that there is a mindset that shapes the behavior of many Javanese Muslim families in carrying out that tradition. The power of that mindset has succeeded in putting the activity of ketupat meal on the Lebaran Ketupat day in the criteria of tradition. The conclusion is that the ketupat eating tradition on the Lebaran Ketupat day has strong roots among many Javanese Muslim families, so this tradition can be done every year in Shawwal month. The impact of the implementation of ketupat eating tradition on the Lebaran Ketupat day is the increasingly crowded of coconut leaves trading in various traditional markets around Javanese Muslim family towards the coming of the Lebaran Ketupat day and the appearance of cultural perception conformity among them in determining the food menu in that day. Keywords—ketupat, Lebaran Ketupat, Shawwal, cultural
Race Against Time: Extended Hours in Australia

"Drawing on qualitative and survey research in a number of organisations, we report on some of the causes and effects of extended working hours. Extended hours were mostly employer-driven, where workplace regulation of hours was weak so that employees were not compensated for extra hours worked, though in a minority of instances they were jointly driven by employers and employees who benefited from overtime pay. Workplace culture was important in shaping extended hours. Employees internalised pressure to work long hours, so that without adequate say on their workload, those with higher say in their working hours tended to work longer hours. Yet many full-time employees were working more hours than they wanted, and there was strong support for an upper limit on hours. Such a limit failed in implementation, however, where there was no enforcement mechanism and a minority were willing to circumvent it. "