Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Impact of Input Modification by Using Glosses on Vocabulary Acquisition and Retention

Mousa Fathi Urmia University, Urmia Iran Mehdi Sarkhosh Urmia University, Urmia Iran ABSTRACT Recently, electronic texts have become dominant in the academic world. This study examined the impact of three different combinations of electronic gloss components on vocabulary retention. More specifically, it tried to determine which of the combinations of electronic gloss components (only definition; definition + translation; and definition + translation + picture) had a greater influence on vocabulary recall. Participants consisted of 120 foreign language learners of English enrolled in a language program at an Iranian Language Institute. 60 learners attended elementary courses in four classes and 60 others were intermediate level learners forming four other classes. The participants received 5 hours of classroom instruction per week in a computer lab. They also completed two screening vocabulary tests: one immediately after the class and a delayed test after three weeks. The results showed a significant difference between the three experimental groups who received different types of glosses and control group who did not receive any types of glosses on both immediate and delayed tests. In addition, there was a significant difference among the three experimental groups who received different kinds of glosses. These findings confirm the results of the previous studies on the beneficial role of glosses on L2 vocabulary acquisition, and they point to the pedagogical advantages of using electronic glosses in language programs.
Dental Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance CD 4 + Foxp 3 + Regulatory T Cells in the Lymphocytes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients Dental

Correspondence Author/ Sorumlu Yazar: Tunç Akkoç E-mail/E-posta: tuncakkoc@gmail.com Received/Geliş Tarihi: 06.02. 2017 Accepted/Kabul Tarihi: 01.03. 2017 Available Online Date/Çevrimiçi Yayın Tarihi: 17.07. 2017 DOI: 10.5152/clinexphealthsci.2017. 346 ©Copyright by 2016 Journal of Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences Available online at www.clinexphealthsci. com ©Telif Hakkı 2016 Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Makale metnine www.clinexphealthsci. com web sayfasından ulaşılabilir INTRODUCTION
Rheological Properties of Some Egyptian and European Tomato products

The rheological behaviour of tomato juice, puree and paste were measured in shear rate range 0.0 to 100 s and Oscillatory tests were studied at a wide range of temperatures (0 50 °C) using a Physica UDS 200 rheometer. The results indicated that these tomato juice, puree and paste behave as non-Newtonian fluids (pseudoplastic) and have a definite yield stress. The relationship between (ηeff) and temperature of tomato products under investigation was examined. Higher significantly correlation was found between (ηeff) and temperature. The ηeff decrease with increase in temperature. Oscillatory test data revealed weak gel-like (dispersion structure) behaviour of the tomato products: magnitudes of G ́ were higher than those of G ́ ́, and both increased with oscillatory frequencies. The effect of temperature on their viscosity can be described by means of an Arrhenius-type equation. The flow activation energy for viscous flow depends on the chemical composition; the flow activation energy increases with the total solids contents. Chemical and physical tests for tomato products were made.
Lean Management Concept in Energy Efficiency Improvement for Non-domestic

Lean management is a proven tool that can improve efficiency in manufacturing industry, building construction, healthcare and maintenance sectors. In this paper, lean management concept was adopted to improve energy efficiency in nondomestic buildings at a reduced cost without neglecting the occupant’s satisfaction. This paper proposed the implementation of lean management concept towards achieving the energy efficiency in non-domestic building. The Lean activities that related to energy efficiency measures were classified into Just-In Time (JIT), Pull system, Design for Occupant Needs, Total Quality Management, Continuous Improvement (CI) and also Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM) categories. The definitions of lean activities and the current energy efficiency measures were analysed based on an extensive literature survey. Through this classification framework, it could enable a more structured evaluation of the effectiveness of each activity. Future work is on the determination of weightage for each category, by distributing questionnaire to relevance respondents.
Economies of Scope in Financial Services: A DEA Bootstrapping Analysis of the US Insurance Industry By

This paper investigates economies of scope in the U.S. insurance industry. We test two primary hypotheses – the conglomeration hypothesis, which holds that operating a diversity of business can add value by exploiting cost and revenue scope economies, versus the strategic focus hypothesis, which holds that firms can best add value by focusing on core businesses and core competencies. We analyze whether it is advantageous for firms to diversify by offering both life-health and propertyliability insurance or to specialize in one of the major industry segments. We test for economies of scope by estimating technical, cost, and revenue efficiency utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA). An innovative feature of the analysis is the estimation of cross-frontier efficiency, where each group of firms (diversified firms and specialists) is compared to a reference set consisting of the other type of firm, enabling us to determine whether the specialization or conglomeration is the dominant strategy for each firm in the sample. The results provide only weak evidence for the existence of economies of scope in the U.S. insurance industry. Although diversified firms dominate specialists in the production of diversified firm output vectors in terms of revenue efficiency for both life-health and property-liability insurance, specialist firms dominate diversified firms for the production of specialist output vectors in revenue efficiency and also dominate diversified firms in cost efficiency for property-liability output vectors. Overall, the results reinforce the findings of most of the recent literature on diversification – in general, strategic focus appears to be a better strategy than conglomeration.
Comparative Response of Five Varieties of Dioscorea Species (Yam) to Rapid Micro- Propagation Using Single Node Vine Cuttings: A Measure Towards Income Generation, Food Security and Biodiversity Conservation in Nigeria

Different micro-propagation techniques have been developed for yam varieties (Dioscorea sp.). Owing to the various challenges encountered in the process of regeneration and multiplication of the vegetative parts of yam in vitro, it becomes imperative to source for alternative but easily achievable and cheap method of micropropagation, hence the vine cutting experiment. Five certified disease-free varieties of Dioscorea sp. tagged by and collected from IITA/YIIFSWA Bio-Science Laboratory were utilised for the study. These are TDr 89/ 02665, TDa 98/01176, TDr 95/19177, Pona and TDr 95/18544. After acquisition, these were established in the screenhouse by planting them in potting bags using pasteurized topsoil. Successful growth was achieved by constant irrigation of the potted plants and the vines were supported with sterile twines for co-ordinated twirling. Ten (10) single node cuttings each were collected from each of the yam variety pots and sub-planted into smaller pasteurized topsoil pots. Quadruple replicates of these were done. The results indicated that while all the varieties’ nodal cuttings responded positively, the best response was gotten from TDa 98/01176, followed by TDr 89/ 02665, TDr 95/18544, TDr 95/19177 and Pona in that order. On the average, the fastest response in terms of days to emergence of new shoot and new aerial branches was obtained in TDr 98/01176 (11.375 ± 1.493 days and 31.250 ± 2.278 days respectively) while the slowest response was gotten from TDr 95/19177 (12.875 ± 1.436 days) for days to emergence of new shoot and Pona (43.750 ± 2.385 days) for days to emergence of new aerial branches. The average number of new aerial branches ranged from 2.250± 0.433 in Pona to 5.500± 1.118 in TDa 98/01176.Overall, the percentage survival follows the order Pona>TDr 89/02665>TDr 95/18544>(TDa 98/01176 = TDr 95/19177).
PIV-measurements on the momentum transfer in the forest edge region during extreme gusts PIV-Messungen zum Impulstransfer in der Waldkantenregion während Extrem-böen

The flow phenomena above a forest and the associated downward momentum transport into the canopy were studied for an atmospheric boundary layer flow in combination with superimposed extreme gusts. Forest stands with two types of windward edge configurations, tapered (α = 45°) and vertical (α = 90°), and gusts of different durations (lengths) were investigated. The gusts were injected into the atmospheric boundary layer background flow on trajectories tilted by -45° to the horizontal. In the cases with gusts, fundamentally different flow phenomena at the canopy top in the forest edge region were observed compared to the atmospheric boundary layer flow alone. Upon impingement of an extreme gust on the forest edge, a clockwise rotating vortical motion (herein referred to as tertiary vortex) started to develop at the canopy top. The vortical motion translated downstream over the forest top and after a distance of approximately 2 tree heights h behind the forest edge, a patch with downward directed velocity appeared in its lee. This patch was responsible for the maximum downward transfer of horizontal and vertical momentum into the forest canopy. The location of the maximum downward transfer was between 1.25 < x/h < 1.75 and was independent of the gust duration and the windward edge configuration. The magnitude of the downward momentum transfer, however, was dependent on the gust duration and the edge configuration. It increased with increasing gust duration and was larger for the forest canopy with a tapered edge in comparison to a vertical edge.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF BREAST TUMORS IN IRANIAN PATIENTS

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among women worldwide. Determination of related factors for pathological subtypes of breast tumors is essential to develop preventive strategies in this era. In this survey large number of breast tumor slides was assessed in a pathology referral center. Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 1100 medical existing data related to Armin referral pathology center in Tehran, Iran were assessed in a four-year period. Data were extracted and clinical and other variables were compared between benign and malignant lesions. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) age was 41.8 (13.55) years. Among patients, 93.9% were female and 6.1% were female. In 395 cases (35.9%) the lesions were malignant and in 705 cases (64.1%) those were benign. The most common types of benign lesions were fibrocystic changes (42.4%) and adenofibroma (27.9%) and the most common malignancy was invasive ductal carcinoma (88.1%). The lesions were left-sided, right-sided, and bilateral in 50.3%, 43%, and 6.7%, respectively. The mean lesion size was 2.4 (1.33) centimeters. The age, side of lesion, and gender were related to malignancy (P=0.01). The size was not related to type of lesion (P >0.05). Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results in this study it may be concluded that general characteristics and related factors of benign lesions in Iranian patients are similar to other worldwide reports.
Pure Lie Aversion in Two-Sided Games : Another Look

In a recent paper, Vanberg (2017) presents experimental evidence suggesting that the “pure lie aversion” identified in a famous paper by Erat and Gneezy (2012) can instead be explained by strategic motives: anticipating that a Receiver will not believe their communication, Senders tell the truth only because it is in their monetary selfinterest to do so, not because they are averse to the alternative of lying. Vanberg (2017) presents a new experiment in which there are no strategic motives and players always lie when they benefit materially from doing so. In the present paper, we replicate Vanberg’s new experiment, but add an interpretive survey question revealing that subjects perceive a new moral motive to lie that is not present in Erat and Gneezy (2012). We go on to present new Sender-Receiver experiments in which Senders have no strategic motives for their message decisions and in which the new moral motive of Vanberg (2017) is not present. We find that a large proportion of subjects tell the truth despite monetary incentives to lie, lending further support to Erat and Gneezy’s (2012) original interpretation of their findings.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Violence

This article, based on an analysis of the Survey of Convicted Prisoners from eight Latin American countries, helps to expand knowledge about the association between victimization in childhood and the criminal behavior of individuals who have been incarcerated. The results of the multivariate regression models show that having grown up in a home in which the father/partner beat the mother (“indirect” violence) mainly affects women when it comes to future criminal behavior (both their likelihood of being repeat offenders and of having possessed firearms). At the same time, having been a “direct” victim of abuse is a factor that clearly affects women and men alike in terms of the possibility of their becoming repeat offenders, although this much more affects men when it comes to firearm possession. This article suggests that prevention-oriented interventions must take into account these gender differences to be more effective. Women seem to be affected by both types of victimization during childhood, which indicates that intervention strategies for the female population should address both forms of violence (direct and indirect). In contrast, interventions to prevent future male criminal behavior should specifically focus on direct domestic violence. JEL Codes: H76, J16, K14, K42
Debt perceptions: fairness judgments of debt relief for individuals and countries

Abstract This study examines how moral intuitions toward debt relief vary depending on whether a debt contract involves one country borrowing from another country or an individual borrowing from a bank. Participants respond to a vignette describing a basic debt dispute between a debtor and a lender. A judge in charge of settling the dispute decides to allow debt relief and participants express how fair they find the decision. Treatments vary (1) the debt context (international or person-bank), (2) the responsibility of lenders and debtors (whether their situations stem from bad luck or poor choices) and (3) whether a lender's profit motive is made salient. Results show that, across both international and person-bank debt, debt relief is perceived as being fairer when debtors are unlucky and when lenders are careless; profit salience, however, does not affect the perceived fairness of debt relief in either debt context. Results, when integrated with those from an initial related study, also point to anti-bank sentiment increasing the perceived fairness of debt relief when an individual borrows from a bank and to a consistent across-context ranking of the perceived fairness of debt relief in the scenario.
Combined effect of concentrate and area specific mineral mixture supplementation on the performance of Ganjam goat in its native tract

Twenty male Ganjam kids (2-3 months, 6.22 ± 0.15 kg BW) were divided into four groups (n=5 per group) following randomized block design. Animals in the control group (I) were maintained as per farmer practice, while animals in group II and III were additionally supplemented with 100 g concentrate mixture and 05 g of area specific mineral mixture respectively. Kids in group IV were supplemented with both 100 g concentrate mixture and 05 g of area specific mineral mixture. Experimental feeding was done for a period of 90 days. Blood was collected on 0 and 90 days of the experimental feeding to study the blood chemistry and serum mineral concentration of goats. Results revealed significant (P
The Enduring Mystery of the Repeat Clickers

Individuals within an organization who repeatedly fall victim to phishing emails, referred to as Repeat Clickers, present a significant security risk to the organizations within which they operate. The causal factors for Repeat Clicking are poorly understood. This paper argues that this behavior afflicts a persistent minority of users and is explained as either the main effect of individual traits (personality or others) or is a moderated interaction between traits and other factors such as cultural influences, situational factors, or social engineering techniques. Because Repeat Clickers represent a disproportionate risk, identifying causal factors and developing mitigations for this behavior should provide substantial return on investment to improving the security of an organization. Developing such mitigations will require a better understanding of the individual differences contributing to repeat clicking behavior. We present pilot data and suggest research questions to improve understanding of the contributing factors of repeated victimization by phishing emails.
Saving Behavior Across the Wealth Distribution: The Importance of Capital Gains

Do wealthier households save a larger share of their incomes than poorer ones? We use Norwegian administrative panel data on income and wealth to answer this empirical question. The relation between saving rates and wealth crucially depends on whether saving includes capital gains. Saving rates net of capital gains ("net saving rates") are approximately constant across the wealth distribution. However, saving rates including capital gains ("gross saving rates") increase markedly with wealth. The proximate explanation is that wealthier households own assets that experience persistent capital gains which they hold onto instead of selling them off to consume ("saving by holding"). These joint patterns for net and gross saving rates challenge canonical models of household wealth accumulation. They are instead consistent with theories in which time-varying discount rates or portfolio adjustment frictions keep households from realizing capital gains. Between 1995 and 2015 Norway's aggregate wealth-to-income ratio rose from approximately 4 to 7. "Saving by holding" accounts for up to 80 percent of this increase.
WATER QUALITY AND LAND USE : IMPLICATIONS FOR REGULATION AND URBAN PLANNING WRRI Technical Completion Report No . 346

Agricultural nonpoint pollution is diffcult to regulate for numerous reasons, including uncertainty regarding the relationship between farm practices and pollutant levels, stochastic weather patterns that affect pollution levels and yields, and inability to monitor the flow of pollutants from individual farms. Two commonly proposed regulatory mechanisms are uniform taxes and standards. Prior research in this literature assumes producers are risk neutral. However, empirical evidence suggests farmers are risk averse. To increase the model’s applicability to agricultural nonpoint pollution regulation we incorporate risk aversion into the model. An empirical application is used to illustrate how risk preferences might affect the regulatory mechanism choice. Because many of the urban sprawl externalities are nonpoint in nature, regulatory challenges are similar to those posed by agricultural nonpoint pollution. This suggests that regulations aimed at reducing sprawl may be an indirect means of mitigating the environmental impacts of urban sprawl. An econometric model is used to analyze and predict residential land use change patterns in Albuquerque, New Mexico and surrounding areas. Results are used to assess the effectiveness of zoning restrictions in controling sprawl, and to test whether there are signifcant differences in the parameter estimates for urban and sprawl residential development patterns.
Modern Agricultural Technology Adoption its Importance , Role and Usage for the Improvement of Agriculture

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the modern technology adoption its importance, usage and role in agriculture improvement. In the last century, the basic agriculture technology like machines has changed a little. Though the modern technology, planters and harvesters do a better job or are slightly tweaked from their predecessors. The US$250,000 combine of today still cuts, threshes and separates grain in the same way it has always been done. However, the modern technology is changing the way that humans operate the machines, GPS locators, as computer monitoring systems and self-steer programs allow the most advanced tractors and implements to be more precise and less wasteful in the use of fuel, fertilizer or seed. In future, there may be mass production of driverless tractors and other agriculture machinery which use electronic sensors and GPS maps.
Social Axioms among Romanians: Structure and Demographic Differences

Social axioms are beliefs about the material, social and spiritual world, assessing what the person regards as true. Following a functionalist orientation, we propose that social axioms serve as a reflection of social reality and provide guidance for living to people in different demographic groups. This study investigated the dimensionality of a measure of such beliefs, the Social Axioms Survey (SAS), and demographic differences in the resulting factor scores for groups of Romanians. Results of exploratory factor analyses revealed a new five-factor structure, with four factors remarkably similar to those derived from a pan-cultural solution of 40 cultural groups (Leung & Bond, 2004). A distinctive factor named “Interpersonal Relations” replaced the “Social Complexity” factor found in previous research, and represented beliefs about the impact of interpersonal relations on life events and how to maintain good relations with others. Canonical correlation revealed that people of older age, lower education, and lower income endorsed stronger beliefs in “Social Cynicism” and “Religiosity”. After controlling for the effects of age, education, and income, females reported stronger endorsement of the “Religiosity”, “Interpersonal Relations”, and “Fate Control” dimensions than males; widowed participants scored significantly higher than married, divorced and unmarried groups on both “Religiosity” and “Fate Control”. By reflecting on the characteristics of Romanian society, we discussed these findings in terms of the life experience and social status of different social groups. Based on this analysis, questions were proposed for future research.