Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CYCLIN B1 PROMOTER ACTIVITY AND FUNCTIONAL CDK1 COMPLEX FORMATION IN G1 PHASE OF HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS

Overexpression of cyclin B has been detected in various human breast cancer cell lines, breast tumor tissues, and immortalized but nontransformed breast cells. The cause of this overexpression has not been thoroughly investigated, nor is it known if cyclin B protein forms a functional complex with its partner, cdk1, at inappropriate cell cycle periods. In this study we examined the pattern of cyclin B1 promoter activity in three breast cancer cell lines, BT‐549, MDA‐MB‐157, T‐47D, and the immortalized breast cell line MCF‐10F. Using cells stably transfected with a cyclin B1 promoter‐luciferase reporter, luciferase activity was measured throughout the cell cycle in lovastatin synchronized cells and in G1 and S/G2 phases of asynchronized cells by flow cytometry. Results demonstrate that the cyclin B1 promoter activity increases, as expected, during the S/G2 period in all the cell lines. However, some promoter activity can be detected in G1 phase of the different cell line with BT‐549 displaying the more altered pattern. Functional cyclin B1‐cdk 1 protein complex was detected in G1 phase of BT‐549 and T‐47D cell lines. These results suggest that in a subset of transformed breast cancer cells altered cyclin B1 promoter activity may contribute to the misexpression of cyclin B protein.
Mission statements and company financial performance revisited

The purpose of this research was to explore the components in the content of mission statements and investigate the impact of such statements on company performance. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to explore the mission statements and their impact on performance respectively. Data were obtained from the companies listed in Colombo Security Exchange in Sri Lanka. The results revealed that self-concept, concern for survival, and company products and services are predominant in the contents of mission statements. Moreover, considerable attention is paid to include a staff/employee component in the contents of current mission statements. Finally, it was found that the presence of a mission statement has no impact on company performance. Therefore, managers must be aware that these dominating components when crafting their mission statements.
So What If Remanufacturing Cannibalizes My New Product Sales?

Remanufactured products do not always cannibalize new product sales. To minimize cannibalization and create additional profits, managers need to understand how consumers value remanufactured products. This is not a static decision and should be re-evaluated over the entire product life cycle. While managers have a responsibility to maximize profits for the firm, this is not necessarily equivalent to maximizing new product sales. A portfolio that includes remanufactured products can enable firms to reach additional market segments and help block competition from new low-end products or third-party remanufacturers.
CD28 T‐cell costimulatory molecule expression in pemphigus vulgaris

Background CD28 superfamily of immune costimulatory molecules could play an important role in autotolerance control. CD28 costimulation seems to be necessary for regulatory T cell (Treg) activation and successive suppressive activities involved in autoimmunity protection. This study investigates CD28 expression, especially inducible costimulator fraction, on T lymphocytes in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients.
Modelling the dividend policy of banks in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

This article presents the results of an investigation on the determinants of banks' dividend decisions among banks listed on seven stock exchanges in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The results show that dividend decisions are determined by current earnings and lagged dividends and that only banks in Abu Dhabi resist curtailing/skipping dividend payments. The results are mixed as to the role of dividend decisions in reducing agency problems and as a signalling device, but the results offer strong support for the transaction cost hypothesis.
Antagonism between MyD88‐ and TRIF‐dependent signals in B7RP‐1 up‐regulation

Type I interferons (IFN) play a critical role in the Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐mediated expression of B7 costimulatory family members. For example, LPS‐induced up‐regulation of CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) is abrogated in antigen‐presenting cells (APC) deficient in TRIF or TRAM, two adaptors that are responsible for TLR4‐mediated production of Type I IFN. In this report, we demonstrate that LPS‐induced up‐regulation of B7‐related protein 1 (B7RP‐1), a ligand for ICOS, is dependent primarily upon the MyD88‐dependent signaling pathway. Signaling via the TRIF pathway sharply limits MyD88‐dependent B7RP‐1 up‐regulation. Hence, LPS induces significantly higher B7RP‐1 expression on TRIF‐ or TRAM‐deficient mouse peritoneal macrophages and on TRIF‐deficient mouse splenic B cells as compared to wild‐type cells. Further studies reveal that Type I IFN are general suppressors of TLR‐mediated up‐regulation of B7RP‐1. These data indicate that Type I IFN play a dual role in the TLR‐mediated expression of B7 costimulatory family members and suggest that they may act to limit B7RP‐1 expression and thus limit signals derived from B7RP‐1‐ICOS interaction.
Empirical evidence on the functional relation between audit planning and total audit effort

In this study we examine the relation between the extent of audit planning and total audit effort. While it is well recognized in the literature that the effectiveness and efficiency of an audit is dependent upon audit planning, no empirical evidence has been presented that demonstrates whether audit planning in fact leads to a more effective or efficient audit. A modified version of the basic audit pricing model used throughout the literature introduced by Simunic (1980) is used to examine the relationship between an independent variable measuring the extent of audit planning and a dependent variable measuring total audit effort, expressed in hours. We provide evidence that audit planning reduces total audit effort and is subject to diminishing returns. This outcome appears to support the contention with respect to the extent of the tradeoff between audit planning and audit verification hours when audit effectiveness is taken into consideration.
Professionalizing Family Businesses in the South-East Region of Nigeria

This article is on Professionalizing Family Businesses in The South-East Region of Nigeria. The survey research covered the eight commercial cities of the region. The study revealed that virtually all the family businesses surveyed are not professionalized. Majority of family enterprises have no clearly stated vision and mission statements, they rarely attended seminars and training programmes; have few graduates and professionals in their employment, have poor wages and salaries structure; not incorporated; few are members of professional and trade associations; and largely not aware of government incentive policies on entrepreneurship development. It is against this backdrop that the paper made far reaching recommendations: such as incorporating family businesses, employing graduates and professionals, having functional boards of directors, employing the services of consultants, striving to be the best at something, etc, and highlighted the advantages of professionalizing family businesses to the benefit of the enterprises themselves and the Nigerian economy. Key words: Professionalizing; Family businesses; Government policies; Entrepreneurship development; Strategies; South-East Nigeria
ANALYTIC PSYCHOLOGY

Work of the Laboratories. After the opening ceremony the visitors had an opportunity of seeing something of the current work of the laboratories as illustrated by demonstrations given in all parts of the building. These demonstrations and exhibits covered a wide range of investigations. The principal subjects were as follows: micro-methods of blood analysis; biochemistry of animal pigments; plant respiration and plant pigments; perfusion of organs and biochemical defensive mechanisms; sugar metabolism in the potato; the chemistry of active muscle; work on the thyroid glaid; bacteriological chemistry, illustrated by the metabolism of bacteria; the effect of parasitism on the velocity of chemical reaction; tissue oxidations; measuremenit of respiratory changes in human beings and in small animals; the preparation and control of insulin; enzyme activities; biochemistry of fermentation, illustrated by chemical changes in the yeast cell; the technique of micro-dissection of cells; the electrical determination of acidity; and lastly, an exhibit illustrating the importance of vitamins in foodstuffs and their relative proportions, and showing how the results of animal experiments are borne out by human experience.
Association between pre-pregnancy depression/anxiety symptoms and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety symptoms have been linked with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, but these associations have not been fully elucidated. Our objective was to consider hypertension in pregnancy and its subtypes (chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia) and evaluate whether the proximity of psychological symptoms to pregnancy informs any associations observed. METHODS Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health Study participants who provided interview data at enrollment (16-27 weeks' gestation) and whose hypertensive disorder status was abstracted from medical records were eligible for inclusion (n=1371). Maternal history of depression/anxiety symptoms at four time points in the life course were ascertained via self-report at enrollment (i.e., lifetime history, 1 year prior to pregnancy, since last menstrual period, and past week). Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine depression/anxiety symptom measures in relation to hypertensive disorders (overall) and subtype. RESULTS Following adjustment for maternal sociodemographic factors, smoking, and prepregnancy body mass index, prepregnancy depression or anxiety symptoms (i.e., lifetime history and 1 year prior to pregnancy) were associated with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Subtype analyses revealed that these associations were driven primarily by chronic hypertension (adjusted odds ratios=2.7-3.5). Preeclampsia accompanied by preterm delivery was also linked to women's lifetime history of depression symptoms (odds ratio=2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0-5.2). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the link between maternal chronic hypertension and depression/anxiety symptoms precedes pregnancy. In addition, prepregnancy history of depression/anxiety symptoms may be considered part of a risk profile for preterm preeclampsia.
Evidence that Trading Volume Sustains Stock Price Changes

A conventional wisdom on Wall Street is that "volume is the fuel for stock prices. " The question is how trading volume influences subsequent price change. The hypothesis presented here is that price changes are more likely to reverse following weak volume support than strong volume support, because price changes reflect demand for a stock and higher volume reflects a greater likelihood that the demand originates from informed rather than uninformed trade. Consequently, as volume increases, the probability that the price change is information driven increases. The evidence indicates that large price changes on days with weak volume support tend to reverse, at least partially, the next day. This volume effect is reinforced by, but is independent of, a bid-ask bounce effect. Returns do not reverse following days of strong volume support. In fact, large price increases with strong volume support tend to be followed by another price increase the next day.
The U.S. Share of Trading Volume in Cross-Listings: Evidence from Canadian Stocks

I analyze the firm-specific determinants of the U.S. share of trading volume for 126 U.S.-listed Canadian firms. I find that the U.S. share of volume is directly related to the mass of informed and liquidity traders in the United States relative to Canada, as proxied by relative analyst following, relative duration of listing, and the U.S. share of sales. Evidence also supports the market liquidity argument that the market with lower spreads and greater depths has greater volume. Finally, the U.S. share is directly related to the relative sensitivity of the stock's value to information in the United States.
Expression of pulmonary mRNA encoding ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin following thoracic irradiation in mice.

PURPOSE Recent studies have revealed that ionizing radiation induces the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and P-selectin in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of these adhesion molecules in mouse lung following whole thoracic irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were irradiated with a single dose of 12 Gy to the thoraces and sacrificed at 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after irradiation. Expression of total lung mRNA for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin was quantified by the Northern blot method and normalized to beta-actin. RESULTS There were increases in mRNA for ICAM-1 of 42% at 4 hours (p < 0.05), 76% at 24 hours (p < 0.01), and 51% at 48 hours (p < 0.05) compared with the controls. These returned to the control level at 1 week. The expression of VCAM-1 mRNA was also increased by 49% (p < 0.01) at 12 hours and was still increased by 25% at 1 week. P-selectin mRNA was transiently increased by 59% at 12 hours. CONCLUSIONS These early inductions of mRNA for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin in mouse lung following thoracic irradiation were transient but significant, and are one of the most immediate changes reported in vivo.
Anal sphincter defects in patients with fecal incontinence: endoanal versus external phased-array MR imaging.

PURPOSE To prospectively compare external phased-array magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with endoanal MR imaging in depicting external and internal anal sphincter defects in patients with fecal incontinence and to prospectively evaluate observer reproducibility in the detection of external and internal anal sphincter defects with both MR imaging techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical ethics committees of both participating hospitals approved the study, and informed consent was obtained. Thirty patients (23 women, seven men; mean age, 58.7 years; range, 37-78 years) with fecal incontinence underwent MR imaging with both endoanal and external phased-array coils. MR images were evaluated by three radiologists with different levels of experience for external and internal anal sphincter defects. Measures of inter- and intraobserver agreement of both MR imaging techniques and of differences between both imaging techniques were calculated. RESULTS Both MR imaging techniques did not significantly differ in the depiction of external (P > .99) and internal (P > .99) anal sphincter defects. The techniques corresponded in 25 (83%) of 30 patients for the depiction of external anal sphincter defects and in 28 (93%) of 30 patients for the depiction of internal anal sphincter defects. Interobserver agreement was moderate to good for endoanal MR imaging and poor to fair for external phased-array MR imaging. Intraobserver agreement ranged from fair to very good for both imaging techniques. CONCLUSION External phased-array MR imaging is comparable to endoanal MR imaging in the depiction of clinically relevant anal sphincter defects. Because of the weak interobserver agreement, both MR imaging techniques can be recommended in the diagnostic work-up of fecal incontinence only if sufficient experience is available.
Macroeconomic News, Stock Turnover, and Volatility Clustering in Daily Stock Returns

We study volatility clustering in daily stock returns at both the index and firm levels from 1985 to 2000. We find that the relation between today's index return shock and the next period's volatility decreases when important macroeconomic news is released today and increases with the shock in today's stock market turnover. Collectively, our results suggest that volatility clustering tends to be stronger when there is more uncertainty and disperse beliefs about the market's information signal. Our findings also contribute to a better understanding of the joint dynamics of stock returns and trading volume. 2005 The Southern Finance Association and the Southwestern Finance Association.
Complete Genome Sequence of Sulfolobus solfataricus Strain 98/2 and Evolved Derivatives

ABSTRACT Sulfolobus solfataricus is a thermoacidophilic crenarcheote with a 3.0-Mb genome. Here, we report the genome sequence of S. solfataricus strain 98/2, along with several evolved derivatives generated through experimental microbial evolution for enhanced thermoacidophily.
Community as Teacher Model: Health Profession Students Learn Cultural Safety from an Aboriginal Community.

Communication between health care professionals and Aboriginal patients is complicated by cultural differences and the enduring effects of colonization. Health care providers need better training to meet the needs of Aboriginal patients and communities. We describe the development and outcomes of a community-driven service-learning program in which health professional students learn with, from, and about the community through brief immersion in summer camps put on by an Aboriginal agency to teach their own youth about their culture. Outcomes were assessed by semi-structured interviews with students and community members. Health profession students learn about important cultural differences, become more aware of their own values, beliefs and stereotypes, and consider ways to overcome communication barriers that interfere with developing trust with Aboriginal patients. These outcomes are retained long-term and influence relationships with patients in practice as well as career paths. Students are seen by the community as good role models. The opportunity to educate university students enhances the community’s sense of pride in their culture.
Dietitians' opinions and experiences of client-centred nutrition counselling.

PURPOSE The concept of "client-centredness" was explored within a nutrition counselling relationship. METHODS A two-round reactive Delphi survey was used. The first survey was sent to 65 Dietitians of Canada members who indicated in the member database that they had advanced counselling skills. Following analysis of the data, the second-round questionnaire was developed and sent to participants with a report of the first-round results. Analysis of the second-round survey indicated that participants' responses had remained stable, and the Delphi survey was terminated. RESULTS Participants agreed that most of the issues identified in the Delphi questionnaire should be included in a client-centred approach to practice; however, when participants were asked about their experience in these areas, median responses and/ or the interquartile ranges changed, indicating some difficulty in implementing the client-centred approach. Comments also indicated that the reality of their workplaces did not allow participants to be as client-centred as they thought they should be, and suggested that the concept of "client-centredness" is not universally understood by dietitians. CONCLUSION If a client-centred approach to practice is truly important, we need to start a dialogue within the profession to gain a deeper understanding of what this means and how it can be implemented.
Internet Seals of Approval: Effects on Online Privacy Policies and Consumer Perceptions

The use of Internet seal of approval programs has been touted recently as an alternative to potential legislation concerning consumer-related online privacy practices. Questions have been raised, however, regarding the effectiveness of such programs with respect to maintaining privacy standards and aiding online consumers. The authors examine these issues in a series of four studies, the first of which examines Internet seal of approval logo usage in the current marketplace. The next study applies Federal Trade Commission privacy standards to various online privacy policies in an effort to determine the ability of seal of approval program participation to act as a valid cue to a firm's state privacy practices. The last two studies are experiments designed to ascertain how online firm participation in Internet seal of approval programs affect consumers. Implications for policy and industry are also discussed.
“A JOINT ECONOMIC‐LOT‐SIZE MODEL FOR PURCHASER AND VENDOR”: A COMMENT*

Banerjee [1] developed a joint economic-lot-size model for the case where a vendor produces to order for a purchaser on a lot-for-lot basis under deterministic conditions. The assumption of lot-for-lot bases is restrictive in nature. In this note, a more general joint economic-lot-size model is suggested and it is shown to provide a lower or equal joint total relevant cost as compared to the model of Banerjee.
CLASSIFICATION OF FULL-THICKNESS TRAUMATIC MACULAR HOLES BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

Purpose: To describe morphologic features of traumatic macular holes on optical coherence tomography and to correlate them with clinical findings. Methods: Seventy-three consecutive patients diagnosed with full-thickness traumatic macular holes involving the fovea underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation followed by horizontal and vertical line scans using the Stratus optical coherence tomography. Retinal thickness at the edges of the holes, apical and basal diameters, and various clinical parameters were recorded. The approximate apical and basal areas and eccentricities of the holes were calculated. Morphologic parameters were correlated with clinical findings. Results: On the basis of optical coherence tomography findings, traumatic macular holes were classified into five morphologic types with varying average retinal thicknesses, apical areas, and basal areas. Patients who presented >90 days after injury had greater average retinal thickness (P = 0.03) and apex areas (P = 0.002) compared with those who presented within 90 days. Older patients developed more circular holes, i.e., less eccentricity of the apex (P = 0.04) and base (P = 0.01). Interestingly, none of the morphologic parameters investigated in the current study correlated with visual acuity. Patients who presented later in the clinical course or who had greater average retinal thicknesses tended to have better vision (P = 0.11 and P = 0.07, respectively). Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography evaluation may yield important insights into the pathogenesis and clinical findings of traumatic macular holes.
PR practitioners' experiences of, and attitudes towards, the internet's contribution to external crisis communication

Purpose – This paper aims to promote better understanding of how the internet is used as part of crisis communication.Design/methodology/approach – The internet may be changing the way PR operates in a crisis. It has been reported that the web has a significant role in disseminating information and that many‐to‐many online communication allows organisations to achieve “excellent” communication. However, it has also been suggested that in practice there is a need for more flexibility that the “excellence” model suggests. This study reports on data collected from in‐depth interviews with ten senior PR‐practitioners in order to understand their experiences and attitudes.Findings – A range of attitudes are identified, informed by recent experience. Although participants indicated knowledge of and preference for two‐way communication with stakeholders, in practice they found this impractical or undesirable. This, their preference for existing approaches, and ignorance about the internet informed their views ab.