Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physicians ’ Attitudes and Practices Regarding the Role of the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in the Nutrition Care of Patients with Obesity

Background: The prevalence of obesity continues to rise and is associated with increased risk of over thirty chronic diseases and health conditions. Several studies document that despite their important role in obesity treatment, physicians may not be equipped to adequately treat this disease. Objective: To examine physician attitudes and practices with regard to the role of registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) in the treatment (nutrition care) of patients with obesity. Design/Participants: We utilized a cross-sectional, descriptive survey design. This study was part of a larger study to examine physician knowledge, attitudes and practices in the nutrition care of patients with obesity. Primary care physicians in the District of Columbia Metropolitan Area were invited to participate in the study and were mailed a questionnaire regarding knowledge of and attitudes toward obesity treatment, and treatment practices. Results: Eleven percent of physicians returned completed questionnaires. Most physicians (72.6%) considered RDNs competent to provide medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for obese patients. Less than half of the physicians (42.1%) felt that their practices could benefit greatly from having an RDN on staff, with 6.7% indicating no benefit at all. The overwhelming majority of physicians (86.1%) agreed or strongly agreed that obese patients could benefit from referral to an RDN. However, only 18% indicated that they always referred obese patients to the RDN. Conclusion: Physicians in the study recognized the RDN’s expertise in nutrition care of patients with obesity. Additional
Resting eggs in free living marine and estuarine copepods

Marine free living copepods can survive harsh periods and cope with seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions using resting eggs (embryonic dormancy). Laboratory experiments show that temperature is the common driver for resting egg production. Hence, we hypothesize (i) that seasonal temperature variation, rather than variation in food abundance is the main driver for the occurrence of the resting eggs strategy in marine and estuarine copepod species; and (ii) that the thermal boundaries of the distribution determine where resting eggs are produced and whether they are produced to cope with warm or cold periods. We compile literature information on the occurrence of resting egg production and relate this to spatio-temporal patterns in sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration obtained from satellite observations. We find that the production of resting eggs has been reported for 42 species of marine free living copepods. Resting eggs are reported in areas with high seasonal variation in sea surface temperature (median range 11°C). Temporal variation in chlorophyll a concentrations, however, seems of less importance. Resting eggs are commonly produced to cope with both warm and cold periods and, depending on the species, they are produced at the upper or lower thermal boundaries of a species’distribution.
Students' Demographic, Academic Characteristics and Performance in Registered General Nursing Licensing Examination in Ghana.

The decreasing performance of student nurses in the professional licensure examinations (LE) in Ghana is a major concern to stakeholders, especially at a time when the nurse-patient ratio stands at 1: 1500. The study sought to determine the effect of students’ demographic and academic characteristics on performance in the Registered General Nursing (RGN) LE. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using a researcher designed checklist to review the administrative and academic records of 324 nursing students who wrote the RGN LE between 2007 and 2012. A stratified sampling method was used to select the participants for the study. Chisquare statistics were used to determine the effect of the predictors: demographic characteristics, entry grade and Final Grade Point Average (FGPA) on the dependent variable (LE performance). The study revealed a relationship between gender and LE performance, residential status, entry grade and students' FGPA at the college. However, no significant relationship was found between the age of participants, subject background at high school and LE outcomes. We conclude that students’ socio-demographic and academic characteristics such as gender, campus residential status, entry grade and FGPA influence the outcome of the final LE of RGN students. Consequently, priority should be given to applicants with high pre-entry aggregate during recruitment and on campus accommodation should be provided for all trainee nurses. Furthermore, weak students with low FGPA should be given special tuition before they are registered for the final LE to improve their outcomes.
Experimental Investigation of the Detection of Bridge Dynamic Parameters Using a Moiving Vehicle

This paper investigates the feasibility of using an instrumented vehicle to detect bridge dynamic parameters, such as natural frequency and structural damping, in a scaled laboratory experiment. In the experiment, a scaled vehicle model crosses a steel girder which has been adopted as the bridge model. The bridge model also includes a scaled road surface profile. The effects of varying vehicle model mass and speed are investigated. The damping of the girder is also varied. The bridge frequency and changes in damping are detected in the vehicle acceleration response in the presence of a rough road surface profile.
On various confidence intervals post-model-selection

We compare several confidence intervals after model selection in the setting recently studied by Berk et al. (2013), where the goal is to cover not the true parameter but a certain non-standard quantity of interest that depends on the selected model. In particular, we compare the PoSI-intervals that are proposed in that reference with the `naive' confidence interval, which is constructed as if the selected model were correct and fixed a-priori (thus ignoring the presence of model selection). Overall, we find that the actual coverage probabilities of all these intervals deviate only moderately from the desired nominal coverage probability. This finding is in stark contrast to several papers in the existing literature, where the goal is to cover the true parameter.
Migration in times of uncertainty: On the role of economic prospects

Uncertainty and risk perceptions are important elements in the decision-making process about migration. This study outlines a ‘migration prospect theory’, i.e. an application and advancement of Kahneman and Tversky’s (1979; Tversky and Kahneman 1991) original prospect theory, which aims to explain short-term fluctuations of migration flows as a consequence of expectation-based adjustment about future economic prospects. I argue that individuals with migration intentions continuously assess general economic prospects, including the labour market situation, at home and abroad in order to form reference points and updates for their migration-related expectations. Consequently, deviations from reference points generate (short-term) expectation-based utility gains or losses for potential migrants, which affect the value of the migration option. This can lead to a cancellation or procrastination of the individual migration project. Based on an analysis of annual and quarterly intra-European migration inflows to Germany between 2001 and 2010, supportive empirical evidence about some key implications of this migration prospect theory is found: first, migration flows respond more strongly to negative than to equal-sized positive economic prospects, indicating loss aversion of potential migrants; second, expectation-based prospects about the future economic situation in the home and in the potential destination country can counterbalance or enforce structural economic incentives based on real economic aggregates; and third, migration flows show a diminishing sensitivity for larger fluctuations in expectation-based adjustments of economic prospects.
Colony composition and nesting habits of six species of Aphaenogaster in Thailand (Hymenoptera; Formicidae)

The myrmicine ant genus Aphaenogaster comprises 187 valid species (Bolton 2016) and is distributed in the temperate to tropical zones throughout the world. They are dominant ant species in many temperate forest ecosystems, and hold important positions as predators and dispersers of myrmecochorous plants (Bednar et al. 2013, Caut et al. 2016, Higashi et al. 1987, Lubertazzi 2012, Mizutani & Imamura 1980, Ohara & Higashi 1987, Richards 2009, Thomas et al. 2016). Until now, our knowledge on the biology of Aphaenogaster ants has been limited to species in temperate regions. In the tropics, the species diversity of Aphaenogaster is thought to be low (cf. Brühl et al. 1998; Malsch et al. 2003), though the nest density of Aphaenogaster in some tropical areas can be quite high (see Results), suggesting they may also have important functions in at least some tropical ecosystems. However, the biology and ecology of tropical Aphaenogaster species remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the biology of six species of Aphaenogaster in Thailand, and report on their nesting habits and colony composition. SHORT COMMUNICATION
K-motives of algebraic varieties

A kind of motivic algebra of spectral categories and modules over them is developed to introduce K-motives of algebraic varieties. As an application, bivariant algebraic K-theory as well as bivariant motivic kohomology groups are defined and studied. We use Grayson's machinery to produce the Grayson motivic spectral sequence connecting bivariant K-theory to bivariant motivic kohomology. It is shown that the spectral sequence is naturally realized in the triangulated category of K-motives constructed in the paper. It is also shown that ordinary algebraic K-theory is represented by the K-motive of the point.
An exotic deformation of the hyperbolic space

Let Isom(H^n) be the group of isometries of the n-dimensional real hyperbolic space. We first classify all continuous non-elementary actions of on the infinite-dimensional real hyperbolic space. We then prove the existence of a continuous family of non-isometric minimal proper CAT(-1) spaces on which Isom(H^n) acts cocompactly by isometries.
Investigating language acquisition in Zambia : mapping vowel confusion of a, e and i between English and ciNyanja

Recent studies conducted in Zambia indicate that majority of children fail in one of the most essential life skills, literacy. Literacy begins by understanding the connections between letters and sounds. Previous research suggests that poor readers in Zambia have difficulties in learning correct letter-sound connections for vowels a, e and i in their mother tongue ciNyanja due to recitation of English letter names. Previous research findings are based on samples of children chosen by their low literacy level, which could have had an effect on results. This study aims to find out whether this phenomenon can be seen in a random sample of schoolgoers (n = 145). Data was collected from literacy application GraphoGame projects which were conducted in the Lusaka primary school district. A group level cross-tabulation, individual analysis and comparison against a analogical language data sample show confusion with certain vowel combinations. Differentiation challenge seems to be derived from English naming of vowel letters, for example, when English letter e is name as [i:], which contains auditory domination of i, when i is pronounced in ciNyanja as [i] and e as [e]. Confusion was seen especially with combinations including letter e. Based on previous research with poorly reading children, and this current research with average schoolgoers, it seems likely that children are unable to differentiate these two alphabet codes, which are therefore perceived partially as one in Lusaka school district. The findings of this study strongly motivate taking letter-sound confusion into account in literacy teaching in the Lusaka district and prioritizing the mastery of mother tongue. Additional research is called for to further explore these problematics and enhance literacy acquisition in the Zambian region.
Development of a biologically based aerobic composting simulation model

A relatively simple dynamic model based on microbial process kinetics has been developed for aerobic composting. Differential equations describing microbial, substrate, and oxygen concentrations, as well as moisture and temperature profiles have been derived as a function of vessel size and aeration rate. Microbial biomass growth was described using Monod growth kinetics as a function of degradable substrate concentration, oxygen concentration, moisture content, and compost temperature. Facility and fan operating costs have been included to permit economic optimization of the process. Predicted results demonstrated the ability of the model to quantify and describe the influence of multiple interacting factors (temperature, oxygen, moisture, and substrate availability) on the process driving the composting: microbial growth kinetics. Future development of the approach should be undertaken to provide a robust engineering model that can be used to evaluate and design environmentally sound composting facilities. An example application is presented along with data from a laboratory scale composter.
EFFECT OF AGROECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON VARIATIONS IN YIELD, PROTEIN AND OIL CONTENTS IN SOYBEAN GRAIN

This paper presents the grain yields and protein and oil contents of NS soybean cultivars of 0 maturity group grown for three successive years. The average yield for all cultivars was 3,335 kg ha -1 . The 2010 yields were significantly higher than the three-year average yield. The cultivar Becejka had a significantly higher grain yield per unit area (3,628 kg ha -1 ) and higher yields of proteins and oil (1,355 kg ha -1 and 769.50 kg ha -1 , respectively) than the other cultivars. The highest protein content (40.56%) was recorded in 2008. The average protein content for all cultivars was 37.60%. The cultivar Proteinka had significantly higher three-year average protein content (38.21%) than the other cultivars, except Tara. The average oil content for all tested cultivars was 21.31%. The cultivar Afrodita had the highest average oil content 21.55%. Statistically significant differences were recorded in grain yield and protein and oil contents and yield, which were due to cultivar and test year. Soybean yield varied according to temperature and quantities and distribution of precipitation. Yield was positively highly significantly correlated with precipitation (r=0.94**), and negatively highly significantly correlated with temperature (r=-0.61**).
The relationship between human resource productivity (HRP) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) describes actions in which employees are willing to go above and beyond their prescribed role requirements. Prior theory suggests and some research supports the belief that these behaviors are correlated with indicators of organizational effectiveness. In present research the sample size consists of 183 employees (69 women and 114 men) that were selected at random from Tabriz 3 zone education in East Azerbaijan-Iran. Data analysis was carried out by using the statistical program packages SPSS 17.0, Amos SPSS 16.0 and Lisrel 8.5. Findings of the present study were illustrated that there is significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and its dimensions and human resource productivity in the present organization (p<0/05). The results of Enter regression showed that predictor variables significantly (Altruism, Courtesy, Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship and Civic virtue) have determined 73.3% of the variance of HRP together. Also the interesting results were obtained from Regression analysis to predict cognitive OCB and its dimensions on the HRP in the present study. Key words: OCB, HRP, altruism, courtesy, conscientiousness, sportsmanship and civic virtue.
Nitrogen in combination with Desmodium intortum effectively suppress Striga asiatica in a sorghum‒Desmodium intercropping system

It is well known that the parasitic weed Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze can be suppressed by Striga-tolerant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)cultivars, Desmodiumintortum (Mill.) Urb. (greanleafdesmodium),and by fertilization with nitrogen. The study objectivewas the assessment ofStrigacontrolprovidedby integrationofDesmodiumdensity, timing ofsorghum-Desmodiumintercropestablishment,and nitrogenfertilization. Growthresponsesandyield ofthree sorghum cultivars were measured in three pot experiments. A soil naturally infested with Striga was used, and that part of the soil which served as uninfested control was chemically sterilised. Striga numbers and growth were affected significantly by sorghum cultivars, sorghum-Desmodium intercrop ratios, timing of the sorghum-Desmodium association, as well as by their interactions. Desmodium caused 100% suppression of Striga emergence when Desmodium was established in the 1:3 sorghum-Desmodiumratio at seeding of sorghum. Total control of Striga was also achieved with the 1:1 sorghum-Desmodium ratio when Desmodium was transplanted 30 days before sorghum seeding. However, these two treatments also caused significant reductions in sorghum yield. In contrast, 100% Striga control and a dramatic increase in sorghumyield were achievedwith 100 kg N ha −1 in the 1:1 sorghum-Desmodiumintercrop. Compatibility of sorghum and Desmodium was evident at the 1:1 sorghum-Desmodium intercrop established at sorghum seeding. Overall, the Ethiopian cultivars Meko and Abshir showed better agronomicperformanceand higher tolerance to Striga than the South African cultivar PAN 8564. It is recommendedthat the N ×Desmodium ×sorghuminteraction be investigated under field conditions.
Is it Feasible to Use an Oral-Fluid Based Rapid Test Facilitated by Frontline Workers to Improve HIV Screening of Pregnant Women in Indian Rural Settings?

Objectives: The importance of knowing HIV status is a key strategy for HIV response and effective treatment services. The present study aimed to assess feasibility of using oral- fluid based rapid HIV test aided by FrontlineHealth workers (FLWs) of pregnant women in rural districts of India. Methods: A feasibility study, using cross sectional design was carried-out in two rural districts of India. Overall, 900 pregnant women were screened using OraQuick® test, an oral-fluid based rapid HIV test facilitated by trained FLWs and subsequently, all participants were tested at in existing government center for confirmatory HIV testing. The data were collected from three aspects: i) the results of OraQuick® HIV test and confirmatory test ii) the perspectives of FLWs through in-depth interviews and iii) information on the acceptability of oral-fluid based HIV testing from 479 pregnant women, through a structured questionnaire. The descriptive statistics was used to analyse the quantitative data and thematic content analysis to analyse the qualitative in-depth interviews. Results: Of the 947 pregnant women who were offered HIV screening using OraQuick® saliva based test, 95% (n=900) accepted to undergo the test. Of the total 479 pregnant women interviewed, 91.2% liked the OraQuick® kit for HIV screening. The key motivators of accepting the test are easy procedure (43%), non-invasiveness (29%) and quick access to results (18%). Out of 900 pregnant women screened by OraQuick®, nine women were found to be HIV positive, which corresponded with confirmatory test results. Qualitative data provided insights into FLWs to understand their views regarding current situation on HIV testing and services available to the pregnant women. Conclusion: With an urgent need to improve access to HIV screening at the grass root level, an oral based HIV rapid testing mechanism can provide a plausible solution for improving early detection of HIV among pregnant women.
CONTRIBUTIONS No . 60 DYNAMICAL PROCESSES IN THE STRATOSPHERE AND UPPER TROPOSPHERE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE GASES IN THE POLAR

Transport plays an important role in the distribution of long-lived gases such as ozone and water vapour in the atmosphere. Understanding of observed variability in these gases as well as prediction of the future changes depends therefore on our knowledge of the relevant atmospheric dynamics. This dissertation studies certain dynamical processes in the stratosphere and upper troposphere which influence the distribution of ozone and water vapour in the atmosphere. The planetary waves that originate in the troposphere drive the stratospheric circulation. They influence both the meridional transport of substances as well as parameters of the polar vortices. In turn, temperatures inside the polar vortices influence abundance of the Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) and therefore the chemical ozone destruction. Wave forcing of the stratospheric circulation is not uniform during winter. The November-December averaged stratospheric eddy heat flux shows a significant anticorrelation with the January-February averaged eddy heat flux in the midlatitude stratosphere and troposphere. These intraseasonal variations are attributable to the internal stratospheric vacillations. In the period 1979-2002, the wave forcing exhibited a negative trend which was confined to the second half of winter only. In the period 1958-2002, area, strength and longevity of the Arctic polar vortices do not exhibit significant long-term changes while the area with temperatures lower than the threshold temperature for PSC formation shows statistically significant increase. However, the Arctic vortex parameters show significant decadal changes which are mirrored in the ozone variability. Monthly ozone tendencies in the Northern Hemisphere show significant correlations (|r|=0.7) with proxies of the stratospheric circulation. In the Antarctic, the springtime vortex in the lower stratosphere shows statistically significant trends in temperature, longevity and strength (but not in area) in the period 1979-2001. Analysis of the ozone and water vapour vertical distributions in the Arctic UTLS shows that layering below and above the tropopause is often associated with poleward Rossby wave-breaking. These observations together with calculations of cross-tropopause fluxes emphasize the importance of poleward Rossby wave breaking for the stratosphere-troposphere exchange in the Arctic. Publishing unit Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research Centre Classification (UDK)