Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation model for slow fading in a small urban macro cell

This paper presents an autocorrelation model of the slow fading process in a small urban macro cell. The model is obtained by a combination of parametric system identification and classical spectral estimation procedures, and is based on measured data. An analytic expression for the autocorrelation function of the resulting ARMA (2,1)-autoregressive moving average-model is given and compared to other results. The model predicts about the same overall decorrelation distance, but a faster correlation roll-off for small lags.
Opening Cinematics

For the development of serious gaming, it is necessary to articulate the specific features that lend themselves best to the creation of effective learning games. Given the limited resources of the typical serious games developer, time and money should be spent in a way such that features with the greatest return on investment take priority. Opening cinematics, a popular feature of games, was examined through the lens of three major theoretical perspectives that promote learning, specifically situated learning, emotional arousal, and goal orientation. A series of three experiments was conducted to determine if the inclusion of opening cinematics was able to change the goal orientation of players as well as improve the effectiveness of a serious game used to train U.S. Navy recruits shipboard damage control procedures. The data suggest that opening cinematics were not worth the immense development investment. Game design suggestions and potential topics for future research are provided.
Stability of statically balanced stances for legged robots with compliance

Presents a criterion for the asymptotic stance stability of a statically balanced legged robot. Typically, the static balance criterion only considers that the centre of mass is projected within the support area. This work shows that when the combined system is not stiff enough (as specified in the criterion), a so called "statically stable" stance is actually unstable. The criterion is derived analytically and also verified in experiment.
Comparison of anechoic and reverberation chamber coupling data as a function of directivity pattern. II

This paper extends previous work on comparing data from anechoic and reverberation chamber tests. Since the test electromagnetic environment in the two techniques are different, one-to-one comparisons of equipment responses are difficult. Responses in both anechoic and reverberation tests depend on equipment directivity but in different ways. The expected results also have different dependencies on variations in test conditions (e.g., the number of aspect angles in an anechoic chamber test and the number of samples/tuner positions in a reverberation chamber test). However, as shown in the previous work, results from typical tests in both chambers yield comparable error biases. The error bias is defined as the ratio of a measured response for specific test conditions to the true maximum response. The paper compares the expected error bias and uncertainty in the coupling as a function of the apparent directivity for both test techniques. The apparent directivity (both magnitude and pattern) of equipment responses is derived from measured anechoic chamber data. Measured error biases and uncertainties are presented for typical anechoic chamber tests (four aspect angles, two polarizations) and typical reverberation chamber tests (12 tuner positions) for specified field "equivalency" conditions. This work extends the Part I analysis by including data from two additional instrumented test articles. The analysis utilizes an extensive data base from both anechoic and reverberation chamber tests. These tests measured the transfer function from an external field to an internal probe at a fixed location over the frequency range 0.5 to 18 GHz in both anechoic and reverberation chambers.
Approaches to university network-based language learning

This paper examines the provision of networked CALL services at the Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages at the University of Cambridge. It argues that in such a context a broad, inclusive approach to networking – one which avoids any over-strict commitment to a single method or paradigm of network delivery, but makes the most of whatever is available – is often the most appropriate. This eclectic approach helps preserve the best of what has been created in the past while keeping up with everything technological advances offer, and respects the wide-ranging and widely-differing views and approaches of Faculty teaching staff. The aim of the MML Network Service is therefore to present a wide range of disparate resources in a single, coherent framework. While welcoming the many advantages the use of the World Wide Web brings, the article stresses that in a broad infrastructure both older programs which have proved their worth and newer, highly-developed programs which have come after them need not be lost while the functionality of the Web is still developing. It also lays out in general terms some technical suggestions for those seeking ideas on the implementation of networking strategies in a Windows-based local area or university-wide network, partly with a view to reinforcing the credentials for CALL and humanities computing generally to be afforded high-quality computing infrastructure both in the present and with whatever technological advances bring in the future.
Analysis of the unwanted effects on the radiated emissions and susceptibility measurements due to the introduction of a wooden table

The measurements set-up for verification of compliance to many European Community standards are defined in detail. In particular for what concerns the radiated emissions and susceptibilities testing of electronic devices for tabletop equipment the considered standards states that the equipment to be tested has to be put on a dielectric table with an assigned geometry. Usually, in a lot of laboratories, a wooden table is introduced as a dielectric table. Unfortunately a lot of problems in the higher part of the spectrum arise just due to the introduction of a wooden table in the testing area. In this paper these effects are addressed.
Computer-mediated glosses in second language reading comprehension and vocabulary learning: A meta-analysis

Language learners have unprecedented opportunities for developing second language literacy skills and intercultural understanding by reading authentic texts on the Internet and in multimedia computer-assisted language learning environments. This article presents findings from a meta-analysis of 11 studies of computer-mediated glosses in second language reading comprehension and incidental vocabulary learning. Computer-mediated glosses had an overall medium effect on second language reading comprehension and a large effect on incidental vocabulary learning. Mean effect sizes varied from medium to large depending upon the level of instruction, text type, and assessment tasks. Drawing upon findings of this meta-analysis and the overall characteristics of gloss studies, we propose recommendations for future research, including replications and the systematic study of reading variables and learner individual differences in multimedia learning environments with authentic texts.
Feedback in L2 Writing.

Most research in feedback has not found significant differences in error correcting approaches for L2 writing. This paper reviews research on error correction approaches used by second language instructors and reports on a survey of 50 French and American instructors of English as a Second Language (ESL). Although research over the last 35 years suggested that no one particular approach to error correction has made a significant difference on students' ESL acquisition process, some textbooks for the training of ESL teachers continue to advocate one method over another. A comparison of error correction techniques among French and American ESL teachers found that no one approach was shared by the majority of Americans: 38 percent reported using circling, 33 percent symbols, and 24 percent editing, and 5 percent summary techniques. Nearly three-quarters of the French ESL teachers reported using symbols, while circling and editing accounted for 18 and 11 percent of the respondents. respectively. No French ESL teacher used summary methods. All of the American instructors claimed to ask their students to rewrite their work, whereas 22 percent of the French instructors did not. Other results and their implications are discussed. Contains 31 references. (MDM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************
The Effects of Voice Technology on Test Track Driving Performance: Implications for Driver Distraction

Twenty-one subjects completed two sets of (8) laps around a 7.5-mile test track during two 4-hour sessions. They drove an instrumented vehicle while performing a combination of car following, peripheral target detection, and secondary (in-vehicle) tasks of varying complexity. Subjects performed one set of laps with each of two interfaces, voice-based and visual/manual. Secondary tasks comprised three categories including baseline tasks (radio tuning, phone dialing), simple tasks (message retrieval plus voice memo creation), and complex tasks (simple task components plus phone dialing and information retrieval from automated phone systems). Measures of driving performance, target-detection, secondary task performance and eye movements were recorded. Analyses were conducted to determine whether the voice-based interface reduced the relative distraction potential for secondary tasks of varying complexity. Generally, differences between tasks were stronger than differences between interface conditions. Measures of car-following performance, target detection, and secondary task performance revealed differences attributable to task complexity. Differences between the two interfaces were observed on peripheral target detection measures and on several driving performance measures. Overall, the benefits of using the voice-based interface were not large enough to appreciably reduce the distraction potential associated with performing the secondary tasks in the car-following scenario.
Effects of Menu Foresight on Information Access in Small Screen Devices

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of menu foresight (the number of menu items visible at a time on the display) on the usability of small screen devices. Cognitive factors (field dependency, locus of control and mental rotation ability) mediating the effects were assessed in order to identify the underlying processes of accessing information. Thirty-nine participants processed tasks on a simulated cellular phone where one, three or seven menu items were presented on the display. Search time, executed steps as well as ratings of the ease of use were collected. Results show that intermediate foresight (three items) led to the best performance. Highly field dependent users showed to have extreme difficulties when only one function was seen on the display whereas low spatial ability participants had most trouble with seven items displayed at a time. These findings suggest that cognitive processes of prestructuring information account for the effects of menu foresight.
Differential and coherent decorrelating multiuser receivers for space-time coded CDMA systems

We consider the problem of multiuser receiver design for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems that utilize (differential) space-time block coding for transmission. In particular, we propose two differential and one coherent receivers for such systems. The differential receivers do not require the channel state information (CSI) for detection and, even so, are resistant to multiuser interference (MUI) and time-varying channel fading. The coherent receiver requires only the CSI of the desired user for detection. It yields improved performance over the differential receivers when reliable channel estimates are available (e.g., in slowly fading channels). The proposed differential/coherent receivers are decorrelative schemes that decouple the detection of different users. Both long and short spreading codes can be employed in these schemes. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed receivers.
SMART: Secure and Minimal Architecture for (Establishing a Dynamic) Root of Trust

Remote attestation is the process of securely verifying internal state of a remote hardware platform. It can be achieved either statically (at boot time) or dynamically, at run-time in order to establish a dynamic root of trust. The latter allows full isolation of a code region from preexisting software (including the operating system) and guarantees untampered execution of this code. Despite the untrusted state of the overall platform, a dynamic root of trust facilitates execution of critical code. Prior software-based techniques lack concrete security guarantees, while hardware-based approaches involve security co-processors that are too costly for low-end embedded devices. In this paper, we develop a new primitive (called SMART) based on hardware-software co-design. SMART is a simple, efficient and secure approach for establishing a dynamic root of trust in a remote embedded device. We focus on low-end microcontroller units (MCU) that lack specialized memory management or protection features. SMART requires minimal changes to existing MCUs (while providing concrete security guarantees) and assumes few restrictions on adversarial capabilities. We demonstrate both practicality and feasibility of SMART by implementing it – via hardware modifications – on two common MCU platforms: AVR and MSP430. Results show that SMART implementations require only a few changes to memory bus access logic. We also synthesize both implementations to an 180nm ASIC process to confirm its small impact on MCU size and overall cost.
Nonmanuals: their grammatical and prosodic roles

Introduction There are numerous popular misconceptions about sign languages. One of these misconceptions has it that sign languages are “languages on the hands,” that is, that sign language lexemes as well as morphologically and syntactically complex structures are articulated entirely by the hands (and possibly the lower arm). In the course of this chapter, we will show that this statement is far from appropriate. Surely, the hands play an important role in the articulation of signed utterances, but other articulators – the body, the head and (parts of) the face – are just as important. All linguistically significant elements that are not expressed by the hands are referred to as “nonmanual markers” or just “nonmanuals. ” Actually, it has been shown that signers, while communicating, do not focus their attention on each other's hands but rather on the face, where essential grammatical information is encoded nonmanually (Siple 1978, Swisher, Christie & Miller 1989). Linguistically significant nonmanuals have to be distinguished from purely affective nonmanual markers such as facial expressions or head movements expressing disgust, disbelief or surprise, which are used by signers just as they are used by speakers. Differentiating between the two types of markers is not always straightforward, but certain distinguishing criteria have been suggested. The scope and the timing of linguistic nonmanual behaviors, for instance, is linguistically constrained relative to the manual sign(s) they accompany in a way that affective markers are not (e.g., Baker-Shenk 1983, Reilly & Anderson 2002).
Oxide adhesion characteristic of lead frame copper alloys

Copper alloys have recently been finding increasing demand for lead frame due to their electrical property. There is, however, a concern about that oxide adhesion of copper alloys could be partly responsible for delamination and crack in the plastic package during reflow soldering. In this paper, the alloy-dependence on the oxide film adhesion using major lead frame copper alloy by a tape peeling test and a shear test was initially investigated, and it was found that a new high strength-high conductivity copper alloy, NK120, Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn alloy possesses the highest oxide film adhesion among the alloys. Several oxidation behaviors of the copper alloys showed that Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn alloy exhibited rougher peeled surface of substrate, higher rate of oxide film growth, higher ratio of Cu/sub 2/O/CuO and less segregation of additional elements to the interface between oxide film and substrate than other copper alloys. The relationship between oxide film adhesion and those oxidizing behaviors was discussed for the peeling mechanism. The relationship between shear strength and oxide film thickness was also investigated in detail. It indicated that the maximum adhesion has been found to exist at a certain oxide film thickness and the optimum oxide thickness varies with alloy chemistry and heating temperature. The influence of flash copper plating and anti-tarnish coating on adhesion of oxide film was then evaluated. Furthermore, a shear test and a packaging crack test were made using a practical EMC used in assembly process. Those also proved the great advantage of NK120.
Modelling the spectrum of a S/sub 2/ high pressure discharge

Summary form only given, as follows. High power microwave discharges in S/sub 2/ vapour at pressures of several bars have been discovered as a highly efficient white light source several years ago. The discharge spectrum is originating mainly from bound-bound transitions in the S/sub 2/ B/sup 3//spl Sigma//sub u//sup -/-X/sup 3//spl Sigma//sub g//sup a/nd system. At such high S/sub 2/ pressures re-absorption is an essential mechanism shifting the spectral maximum from the UV into the visible region. Assuming spherical symmetry, local thermal equilibrium and a cubic temperature profile the one-dimensional radiation transport equation is solved for each of the 330 vibronic bands connecting the niveaus v'=0.9 and v''=0.32 yielding a quantitative description of the spectrum with only two free parameters: the maximum discharge temperature T/sub max/ and the mean width /spl delta/v/sub vib/ of a vibronic band. The response of the spectrum to variations of experimental conditions (S/sub 2/ pressure, input power, .) may be expressed by very reasonable changes of these model parameters: The input power determines the total amount of radiation (via the value of T/sub max/) and the S/sub 2/ pressure influences the position of the spectral maximum (reflected by the value of /spl delta/v/sub vib/). In the red and IR the experimental spectrum is higher than the simulation indicating contributions of continuum radiation or other molecular transitions which are not included in the model.
Experiments in eigenstructure assignment for active mode localization in a flexible beam

The purpose of the paper is to experimentally demonstrate that eigenvector shaping, an active feedback control technique based on eigenstructure assignment, can be used to produce vibration isolation in flexible structures which are subjected to impulse loads. Eigenvector shaping is used in this work to reshape one or more of a structure's eigenvectors to create localized regions with relatively large amplitudes, and isolated areas with relatively small amplitudes. Using a simply-supported beam test rig, active eigenvector shaping is used to isolate transverse vibrations at one end of the beam from impulsive excitations applied at the other end. The results are presented in terms of time-domain data which compares displacement levels in the beam for both controlled and uncontrolled cases, and modal information for the beam from the eigenvector realization algorithm which shows how the eigenvectors are reshaped with the control effort.
The Educational Potential of e-Portfolios: Supporting Personal Development and Reflective Learning

The electronic portfolio is a new arrival on the educational scene. E-portfolios are much more portable and versatile than their paper-based counterparts. This flexibility has already led to a wide range of educational applications, from development and reflection to assessment and showcasing. These new approaches complement and build on recent developments within e-learning such as the move to social computing, blogs and wikis. However, these opportunities also introduce complexity into any e-portfolio implementation. This book presents the reader with a realistic, research-informed view of a complex and developing area of practice.
An Analysis of Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Adult English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learners

Vocabulary learning is one of the major challenges foreign language learners face during the process of learning a language (Ghazal, 2007). One way to alley the problem is to assist students in becoming independent learners during the course of L2 vocabulary learning. Furthermore, Ghazal (2007) explains that this could be achieved through instructing learners to apply vocabulary learning strategies as efficiently as possible. This study has reviewed significant literature and the importance of reviewing the literature in the field was to realize the implications of our understanding of this relevant literature for the study referred to in this paper. The definitions, taxonomies and factors which pertain to language learning strategies and which are present in the literature have clarified the concepts and helped in the data analysis, i.e. in the identification and coding of the strategies reported by the respondents and later in the interpretation of the findings (Cusen & Buja, 2009). Furthermore, this research brings to light the common strategies that learners use in vocabulary learning. It also discusses the different strategies at length and suggests valuable recommendations and concludes with further research implications.
Asymptotic minimax regret for data compression, gambling and prediction

The asymptotic minimax regret r/sub n/=min/sub q/max/sub xn/(log 1/q(x/sup n/)-log 1/p(x/sup n/|/spl theta//spl circ/)) for the target family of memoryless sources on a given alphabet equals ((m-1)/2)logn+C/sub m/+o(1). We determine the optimal constant C/sub m/ and we show that a slight modification of the Dirichlet (1/2, ., 1/2) mixture is asymptotically minimax.
Off campus students' experiences collaborating online, using wikis

An online group work project for off campus students, using wikis as the collaboration platform, has been conducted successfully for several years. Students were given the opportunity and technical means to collaborate, and staff could assess individual students' participation. However, the actual level of collaboration was less than hoped for, especially in early iterations of the unit. While the teaching staff are confident that, for the overall student cohort, collaborating online using a wiki is meeting the needs of most students, this is varied across the diverse cohort. To gain further insight into the internal machinations of student groups, selected students were invited to submit their experiences of their wiki project. This paper reports the personal stories of two off campus students, and compares the experiences described by our students with the teaching staff members' perceptions. The two students featured were selected not just for their articulate writing, but because their group experiences were quite different. Considering these students' experiences has allowed the teaching staff to reflect on how to better support our students during their group project.