Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-dose insulin administration improves left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the intravenous administration of high doses of insulin while maintaining normoglycemia (GIN therapy) improves myocardial function after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DESIGN A prospective, randomized clinical trial. SETTING A university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Forty patients undergoing elective CABG surgery. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to the GIN or control group. Applying the principles of the hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp technique in the GIN group, insulin was administered at 5 mU/kg/min during surgery. Glucose 20% was infused at a rate adjusted to maintain blood glucose (BG) between 4.0 and 6.0 mmol/L. Patients in the control group received insulin on a sliding scale, also aiming at normoglycemia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Systemic hemodynamic parameters included heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, vascular resistance index, and cardiac index (CI). Left ventricular function was assessed by transesophageal echocardiography using the myocardial performance index (MPI) as a parameter of global left ventricular function, the fractional area change (FAC) for systolic function, and flow propagation velocity for diastolic function before and after surgery. All patients receiving GIN therapy were hyperinsulinemic (3,474 ± 1,204 pmol/L) and normoglycemic, showing a lower mean BG concentration (4.9 ± 0.5 mmol/L) than patients in the control group (8.2 ± 2.0 mmol/L). Patients receiving GIN therapy had an increased CI after surgery compared with the control group (p = 0.005). The GIN therapy was associated with improved MPI and FAC values when compared with standard care. Also, there was no difference in the parameters indicating left ventricular diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative GIN therapy improves global and systolic left ventricular function after CABG surgery.
Indexical Relativism versus Genuine Relativism

The main purpose of this paper is to characterize and compare two forms any relativist thesis can take: indexical relativism and genuine relativism. Indexical relativists claim that the implicit indexicality of certain sentences is the only source of relativity. Genuine relativists, by contrast, claim that there is relativity not just at the level of sentences, but also at propositional level. After characterizing each of the two forms and discussing their difficulties, I argue that the difference between the two is significant.
The crystal chemistry of inorganic metal borohydrides and their relation to metal oxides.

The crystal structures of inorganic homoleptic metal borohydrides are analysed with respect to their structural prototypes found amongst metal oxides in the inorganic databases such as Pearson's Crystal Data [Villars & Cenzual (2015). Pearson's Crystal Data. Crystal Structure Database for Inorganic Compounds, Release 2014/2015, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA]. The coordination polyhedra around the cations and the borohydride anion are determined, and constitute the basis of the structural systematics underlying metal borohydride chemistry in various frameworks and variants of ionic packing, including complex anions and the packing of neutral molecules in the crystal. Underlying nets are determined by topology analysis using the program TOPOS [Blatov (2006). IUCr CompComm. Newsl. 7, 4-38]. It is found that the Pauling rules for ionic crystals apply to all non-molecular borohydride crystal structures, and that the latter can often be derived by simple deformation of the close-packed anionic lattices c.c. p. and h.c. p., by partially removing anions and filling tetrahedral or octahedral sites. The deviation from an ideal close packing is facilitated in metal borohydrides with respect to the oxide due to geometrical and electronic considerations of the BH4(-) anion (tetrahedral shape, polarizability). This review on crystal chemistry of borohydrides and their similarity to oxides is a contribution which should serve materials engineers as a roadmap to design new materials, synthetic chemists in their search for promising compounds to be prepared, and materials scientists in understanding the properties of novel materials.
Potentials and Marketing of Fresh African Breadfruit ( Treculia africana ) Seeds in Anambra State , Nigeria

The need to identify the potentials of African breadfruit, increase local production of its fresh seeds, reduce importation from neighbouring States, and improve the marketers’ income informed this study. The study specifically examined the potentials, profitability, determinants of profit and constraints to marketing of fresh African breadfruit seeds. Multistage, purposive and random sampling methods were used to select 120 respondents. Pre-tested questionnaire was administered to the respondents through personal interview for data collection. Collected data were analyzed using means, marketing margin, enterprise budgeting and multiple regression. Findings indicated that African breadfruit has potentials for the creation of employment opportunities due to its diverse uses for food, firewood, feed, medicine, etc. The enterprise proved more profitable for the retailers than the wholesalers with marketing margin, mean net marketing income and net return on investment figures of 52%, 29%; N873,055, N347,068; and 5.9, 2.0 respectively. Gender, age, educational level and marketing experience exerted positive and significant effects on the marketers’ profit. Major constraints to African breadfruit seeds marketing were scarcity of fresh seeds, poor preservation and processing techniques and deforestation. Government should introduce the use of budded African breadfruit seedlings in her agro-forestry programmes; sensitize the people on deforestation, afforestation, reforestation, regulations for sustainable production, and ways of tapping the full potentials of African breadfruit for economic, commercial, industrial and health benefits.
Are We Looking for Loads in all the Right Places? New Research Directions for Studying the Masticatory Apparatus of New World Monkeys

New World monkeys display a wide range of masticatory apparatus morphologies related to their diverse diets and feeding strategies. While primatologists have completed many studies of the platyrrhine masticatory apparatus, particularly morphometric analyses, we collectively acknowledge key shortcomings in our understanding of the function and evolution of the platyrrhine feeding apparatus. Our goal in this contribution is to review several recent, and in most cases ongoing, efforts to address some of the deficits in our knowledge of how the platyrrhine skull is loaded during feeding. We specifically consider three broad research areas: (1) in vivo physiological studies documenting mandibular bone strains during feeding, (2) metric analyses assessing musculoskeletal functional morphology and performance, as well as (3) the initiation of a physiological ecology of feeding that measures in vivo masticatory mechanics in a natural environment. We draw several conclusions from these brief reviews. First, we need better documentation of in vivo strain patterns in the platyrrhine skull during feeding given their empirical role in developing adaptive hypotheses explaining masticatory apparatus form. Second, the greater accuracy of new technologies, such as CT scanning, will allow us to better describe the functional consequences of jaw form. Third, performance studies are generally lacking for platyrrhine jaws, muscles, and teeth and offer exciting avenues for linking form to feeding behavior and diet. Finally, attempts to bridge distinct research agendas, such as collecting in vivo physiological data during feeding in natural environments, present some of the greatest opportunities for novel insights into platyrrhine feeding biology. Anat Rec, , 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Groundwater Sampling Methods for Monitoring CCR Units

Although the preamble to the 2015 federal Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) rule indicates groundwater sampling should be conducted utilizing EPA’s low stress (lowflow) purging and sampling methodology, the performance standards outlined in § 257.91 and the sampling and analysis requirements outlined in § 257.93 do not explicitly require low flow sampling, and thus allow for consideration of alternate sampling methodologies. This paper compares traditional low-flow sampling methods to no-purge sampling methods to shed light on whether no purge methods can meet the required performance standards more efficiently than low flow methods. A brief summary of the two methods is provided, and the results of a comparison study performed at a CCR site are reviewed. Lessons learned from the field and lab are presented, and potential cost savings are reviewed.
Evaluating Models of Service Delivery: Reconfiguration Principles

Executive summary Produced for the National Institute for Health Research Service Delivery and Organisation programme March 2010 Prepared by Professor Peter Spurgeon University of Warwick Professor Matthew Cooke University of Warwick Professor Naomi Fulop King’s College London Rhiannon Walters Walters Public Health Dr Peter West University of York Professor Perri 6 Nottingham Trent University Dr Fred Barwell Dr Patti Mazelan Applied Research Ltd
Relationships between the "Hard" Variables of Human Resource Management and Job Satisfaction

This paper presents the results obtained from a literature review of scientific articles related to job satisfaction, published between the years 2000 and 2010. The main findings of various research studies indicate that there is a relationship between the ‘hard’ aspects of work (schedules, working hours, type of contract, pay, etc) and job satisfaction. The revised bibliography notes that the relationship between these aspects and job satisfaction varies depending on the configuration of the job, although there are general criteria that typically linked to job satisfaction.
Kindlin-1 and -2 Directly Bind the C-terminal Region of β Integrin Cytoplasmic Tails and Exert Integrin-specific Activation Effects*

Integrin activation, the rapid conversion of integrin adhesion receptors from low to high affinity, occurs in response to intracellular signals that act on the short cytoplasmic tails of integrin β subunits. Talin binding to integrin β tails provides one key activation signal, but additional factors are likely to cooperate with talin to regulate integrin activation. The integrin β tail-binding proteins kindlin-2 and kindlin-3 were recently identified as integrin co-activators. Here we report an analysis of kindlin-1 and kindlin-2 interactions with β1 and β3 integrin tails and describe the effect of kindlin expression on integrin activation. We demonstrate a direct interaction of kindlin-1 and -2 with recombinant integrin β tails in pulldown binding assays. Our mutational analysis shows that the second conserved NXXY motif (Tyr795), a preceding threonine-containing region (Thr788 and Thr789) of the integrin β1A tail, and a conserved tryptophan in the F3 subdomain of the kindlin FERM domain (kindlin-1 Trp612 and kindlin-2 Trp615) are required for direct kindlin-integrin interactions. Similar interactions were observed for integrin β3 tails. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting we further show that transient expression of kindlin-1 or -2 in Chinese hamster ovary cells inhibits the activation of endogenous α5β1 or stably expressed αIIbβ3 integrins. This inhibition is not dependent on direct kindlin-integrin interactions because mutant kindlins exhibiting impaired integrin binding activity effectively inhibit integrin activation. Consistent with previous reports, we find that when co-expressed with the talin head, kindlin-1 or -2 can activate αIIbβ3. This effect is dependent on an intact integrin-binding site in kindlin. Notably however, even when co-expressed with activating levels of talin head, neither kindlin-1 or -2 can cooperate with talin to activate β1 integrins; instead they strongly inhibit talin-mediated activation. We suggest that kindlins are adaptor proteins that regulate integrin activation, that kindlin expression levels determine their effects, and that kindlins may exert integrin-specific effects.
Hydrodynamic Simulations of Unitraveling-Carrier Photodiodes

We present simulated results of a unitraveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) using the hydrodynamic carrier transportation model. A maximum responsivity of 0.25 A/W and a small-signal 3-dB bandwidth of 52 GHz were obtained for a 220-nm-thick InGaAs absorption layer. The physical properties of the UTC-PD have been investigated at different optical injection levels. Modulation of the energy-band profile due to the space charge effect has been observed at high injection level, and an electron velocity overshoot of 3 x 107 cm/s has been found to effectively delay the onset of space charge effects. Comparisons with reported simulated results using the drift-diffusion model as well as reported experimental results are presented. The results suggest the necessity of using the hydrodynamic transport equations to accurately model the UTC-PD. In addition, it has been corroborated that the photoresponse of the UTC-PD could be improved by incorporating a graded doping profile in the absorption layer.
A multiple biomarker risk score for guiding clinical decisions using a decision curve approach

Aims: We assessed whether a cardiovascular risk model based on classic risk factors (e.g. cholesterol, blood pressure) could refine disease prediction if it included novel biomarkers (C-reactive protein, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin I) using a decision curve approach which can incorporate clinical consequences. Methods and results: We evaluated whether a model including biomarkers and classic risk factors could improve prediction of 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD; chronic heart disease and ischaemic stroke) against a classic risk factor model using a decision curve approach in two prospective MORGAM cohorts. This included 7739 men and women with 457 CVD cases from the FINRISK97 cohort; and 2524 men with 259 CVD cases from PRIME Belfast. The biomarker model improved disease prediction in FINRISK across the high-risk group (20⊟40%) but not in the intermediate risk group, at the 23% risk threshold net benefit was 0.0033 (95% CI 0.0013−0.0052). However, in PRIME Belfast the net benefit of decisions guided by the decision curve was improved across intermediate risk thresholds (10⊟20%). At pt = 10% in PRIME, the net benefit was 0.0059 (95% CI 0.0007⊟0.0112) with a net increase in 6 true positive cases per 1000 people screened and net decrease of 53 false positive cases per 1000 potentially leading to 5% fewer treatments in patients not destined for an event. Conclusion: The biomarker model improves 10-year CVD prediction at intermediate and high-risk thresholds and in particular, could be clinically useful at advising middle-aged European males of their CVD risk.
Roles of Olfactory Cues, Visual Cues, and Mating Status in Orientation of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to Four Different Host Plants

ABSTRACT Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an important worldwide pest of citrus that vectors bacteria (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) responsible for huanglongbing (citrus greening disease). We examined the behavioral responses of mated and unmated D. citri of both sexes to odors from host plants in a Y-tube olfactometer, with and without visual cues. The host plants tested were ‘Duncan’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfayden), sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.), navel orange (C. sinensis L.), and Murraya paniculata L. Jack. Responses varied by plant species, psyllid sex and mating status, and the presence of a visual cue. Evidence of attraction generally was stronger in females and in mated individuals of both sexes relative to virgins. The presence of a visual cue typically enhanced attractiveness of olfactory cues; in no case did unmated individuals show evidence of attraction to host plant odors in the absence of a visual cue. In the absence of visual cues, mated females and males showed evidence of attraction only to odors from sour orange and navel orange, respectively. Psyllids exhibited anemotactic responses when assayed with plant odors alone but showed strong evidence of attraction only when olfactory and visual cues were combined, suggesting that olfactory cues facilitate orientation to host plants but may be insufficient alone. Antennal responses to citrus volatiles were confirmed by electroantennogram. The results reported here provide evidence that D. citri uses olfactory and visual cues in orientation to host plants and suggest the possibility of using plant volatiles in monitoring and management of this pest.
Long‐Term Effects of Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment on Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers and Keratinocyte Proliferation in Rat Glabrous Skin

Innervation is required to preserve several aspects of skin homeostasis. Previous studies in rodents have shown that sciatic nerve transection leads to epidermal thinning and reduced keratinocyte proliferation. As the sciatic nerve is composed of sensory and motor axons, it is not clear whether skin alterations reflect motor or sensory disturbances. In this study, we used neonatal capsaicin treatment to evaluate whether sensory chemical denervation affects keratinocyte proliferation at 1, 3, and 6 months of age. Using design‐based stereological methods, we estimated the total length of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) that were of peptidergic type and the number of bromodeoxyuridine‐labeled (BrdU+) nuclei in the hind paw glabrous epidermis of control and capsaicin‐treated rats. We found that the treatment decreased the total fiber length of IENF immunoreactive for both protein gene product 9.5 (PGP+) and of IENF immunoreactive for calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP+). The length of PGP+ fibers decreased by 83%, 81%, and 77% and that of CGRP+ fibers decreased by 48%, 58%, and 58% at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. Double‐immunofluorescence staining for neural beta III tubulin and CGRP revealed that the majority of the remaining fibers in the epidermis after capsaicin treatment were of peptidergic type. The number of BrdU+ nuclei was similar in both groups. Our findings suggest that IENF present after capsaicin treatment are sufficient to maintain epidermal replacement. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal autonomic and brain activities in autism Brain 2014 : 137 ; 153 – 171

1 Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA 2 The Graduate Centre, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA 3 Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA 4 State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China 5 Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK 6 Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA 7 Seaver Autism Centre for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA 8 Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA 9 Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
Detection of Memory Leaks in C/C++ Code via Machine Learning

Memory leaks are one of the primary causes of software aging. Despite of recent countermeasures in C/C++ such as smart pointers, leak-related defects remain a troublesome issue in C/C++ code, especially in legacy applications.We propose an approach for automatic detection of memory leaks in C/C++ programs based on characterizing memory allocation sites via the age distribution of the non-disposed memory chunks allocated by such a site (the so-called GenCount-technique introduced for Java by Vladimir &#x160;or). We instrument malloc and free calls in C/C++ and collect for each allocation site data on the number of allocated memory fragments, their lifetimes, and sizes. Based on this data we compute feature vectors and train a machine learning classifier to differentiate between leaky and defect-free allocation sites.Our evaluation uses applications from SPEC CPU2006 suite with injected memory leaks resembling real leaks. The results show that even out-of-the-box classification algorithms can achieve high accuracy, with precision and recall values of 0.93 and 0.88, respectively.
The Oncogenic TLS-ERG Fusion Protein Exerts Different Effects in Hematopoietic Cells and Fibroblasts

ABSTRACT The oncogenic TLS-ERG fusion protein is found in human myeloid leukemia and Ewing's sarcoma as a result of specific chromosomal translocation. To unveil the potential mechanism(s) underlying cellular transformation, we have investigated the effects of TLS-ERG on both gene transcription and RNA splicing. Here we show that the TLS protein forms complexes with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and the serine-arginine family of splicing factors in vivo. Deletion analysis of TLS-ERG in both mouse L-G myeloid progenitor cells and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts revealed that the RNA Pol II-interacting domain of TLS-ERG resides within the first 173 amino acids. While TLS-ERG repressed expression of the luciferase reporter gene driven by glycoprotein IX promoter in L-G cells but not in NIH 3T3 cells, the fusion protein was able to affect splicing of the E1A reporter in NIH 3T3 cells but not in L-G cells. To identify potential target genes of TLS-ERG, the fusion protein and its mutants were stably expressed in both L-G and NIH 3T3 cells through retroviral transduction. Microarray analysis of RNA samples from these cells showed that TLS-ERG activates two different sets of genes sharing little similarity in the two cell lines. Taken together, these results suggest that the oncogenic TLS-ERG fusion protein transforms hematopoietic cells and fibroblasts via different pathways.
Food insecurity among volunteer AIDS caregivers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was highly prevalent but buffered from the 2008 food crisis.

Our objective in this study was to assess the validity and dependability of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), which was developed for international use, among community health volunteers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The HFIAS was translated into Amharic and subsequently tested for content and face validity. This was followed by a quantitative validation study based on a representative sample (n = 99) of female community volunteers (HIV/AIDS home-based caregivers), with whom the HFIAS was administered at 3 time points over the course of 2008, in the context of the local and global "food crisis. " By pooling observations across data collection rounds and accounting for intra-individual correlation in repeated measures, we found that the HFIAS performed well according to standards in the field. We also observed slight amelioration in reported food insecurity (FI) status over time, which seems paradoxical given the increasing inaccessibility of food over the same time period due to inflating prices and disappearing food aid. We attempted to resolve this paradox by appealing to self-report-related phenomena that arise in the context of longitudinal study designs: 1) observation bias, in which respondents change their reports according to changing expectations of the observer-respondent relationship or change their behavior in ways that ameliorate FI after baseline self-reports; and 2) "response shift," in which respondents change their reports according to reassessment of internal standards of FI. Our results are important for the validation of FI tools and for the sustainability of community health programs reliant on volunteerism in sub-Saharan Africa.