Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of sensation seeking in sensitivity to d-amphetamine reinforcement

Psychomotor stimulant abuse is a significant public health problem. While many individuals experiment with stimulants, there is marked variability in individuals’ behavioral and subjective response to these drugs and these differences may be associated with their risk for abuse. One characteristic shown to be associated with drug abuse is sensation seeking, defined as the seeking of novel sensations and experiences and the willingness to take risks for the sake of such experiences. While observational studies have shown that individuals with elevated sensation seeking are more likely to report stimulant use and abuse, less clear is whether subjective and behavioral response to acute stimulant administration may vary as a function of sensation seeking status. We recently completed an outpatient laboratory study in which 37 healthy adults received repeated opportunities to sample and choose between d-amphetamine (d-AMPH; 5, 10, 20 mg/70kg) or placebo. That study provided an opportunity to examine associations between sensation seeking and d-AMPH choice and subjective response under rigorous double-blind experimental conditions. The Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale V was administered at intake, providing a Total sensation seeking score as well as four subscales (i.e., Experience Seeking, Disinhibition, Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Boredom Susceptibility). We hypothesized that elevated sensation seeking at intake would be associated with increased preference for d-AMPH over placebo in subsequent choice sessions, as well as greater positive d-AMPH subjective effects. Among males, increased baseline sensation seeking was associated with increased d-AMPH choice and positive subjective effects at the 5 and 10 mg/70 kg doses. Among females we found no significant associations between sensation seeking and d-AMPH choice or subjective effects. Finally, when the association between sensation seeking and other baseline characteristics was examined, there was a significant positive association with lifetime drug use as well as impulsivity. Taken together, our data suggest that elevated sensation seeking in males may be associated with increased sensitivity to d-AMPH reinforcement and positive subjective effects, suggesting increased vulnerability for stimulant use and abuse.
Pressure dependence of magneto-structural properties of Co-doped off- stoichiometric Ni2MnGa alloys

A strong effect of pressure on magnetization and paramagnetic moment of the Co-doped Mn-rich Ni 50-x Co x Mn 25+y Ga 25-y (x = 5,7,9 and y = 5,6,7,8) Heusler alloys is presented and compared with very weak pressure sensitivity of magnetization of the stoichiometric Ni 2 MnGa alloy. The effects of both, the pressure and the magnetic field, on temperature of the structural martensitic transition in the alloys are discussed with a use of the Clausius-Clapeyron relations. An analysis of pressure and field effects provides a possibility to evaluate structural and magnetic parts of latent heat of the martensitic transitions in the studied alloys. The Curie temperature of martensite phase of the Co-rich alloys is not affected by pressure.
Change of entrepreneurial agenda in a core competence context: exploring the transformation from technology focus to market focus

The newest small firms - the start-ups in general and the international new ventures (INV) in particular - face major difficulties from the beginning. Not only do they need to bring competitively unique products to a new, highly competitive market, but they also must be successful in convincing customers of their products' benefits. This ultimate small firm test is in fact very similar to the criteria that define the core competence concept. Still, core competence matters have historically been delimited to large, preferably diversified companies. In this paper, we apply core competence theory and entrepreneurship theories on a small firm's empirical context. We concentrate on technology focused INVs and on the change, or transformation, these start-ups must complete in order to adopt a more market-oriented focus. Without the transformation, we argue, the small firm will not be able to expand. The purpose of the paper is to explore parts of the processes changed during the transformation and to enhance our understanding of core competence applicability on small companies. We formulate propositions, empirically guided and theoretically anchored, that describe four different components that facilitate the small firm technology-to-market transformation.
Ghost Shrimps of the Genus Lepidophthalmus from the Caribbean Region, with Description of L. Richardi, New Species, from Belize (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Callianassidae)

ABSTRACT Lepidophthalmus jamaicense, originally described in limited detail on the basis of two male type specimens from Montego Bay, Jamaica, is redescribed and fully illustrated in the course of our examination of the original types, a large series of recently collected male and female topotypes, and recent collections from the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Comparative morphological studies of all the known western Atlantic species serve to distinguish materials from Belize, which are herein recognized as L. richardi, new species. Included in these comparisons and descriptions are detailed studies of ventral cuticular armor in the anterior abdominal somites, an apparent apomorphic character of particular value in segregating tropical western Atlantic populations. The occurrence of L. jamaicense in southeastern Cuba is confirmed from reexamination of museum material, and the range of the species is extended to Tobago and coastal Venezuela in the extreme southeastern Caribbean. While there appears to be strong potential for regional endemism in western Atlantic species of the genus Lepidophthalmus, the widely separated insular populations of L. jamaicense in the Antillean region appear to be undifferentiated. Reproductive history and potential for larval dispersal in this species remains unknown and may not conform to the abbreviated life histories reported for its western Atlantic congeners.
Investigation and analysis on occurrence of incontinence-associated dermatitis of ICU patients with fecal incontinence

Objective: To describe the occurrence of incontinence-associated dermatitis of ICU patients with fecal incontinence, and analyze the risk factors of its occurrence. Methods: ICU Patients with fecal incontinence of a threelevel first grade hospital in Suzhou were taken as study objects. Data of every patient were collected with self-made “Data list of patients with fecal incontinence” until these patients left ICU, were dead, or healed in dermatitis. All the results were analyzed. Results: Among 104 patients with fecal incontinence, 30 patients had IAD with occurrence rate of 28.85%. The median time to form IAD is 3 days, and the score on the 3rd day is the highest. The average healing time is 8 day. Logistic regression analysis shows that vasoactive agent, sensory ability, friction force, and shear force are the risk factors of IAD occurrence. Conclusion: IAD formation of patients with fecal incontinence in ICU is featured with short time and rapid development. Vasoactive agent, sensory ability, friction force, and shear force are the risk factors of IAD occurrence.
Cover crops affecting levels of ammonium and nitrate in the soil and upland rice development

O uso de plantas de cobertura no sistema plantio direto (SPD) aumenta os niveis de materia orgânica e pode ajudar a aumentar os teores de nitrogenio no solo contribuindo para reduzir os custos de fertilizantes. O conhecimento desse processo e fundamental para que as plantas de cobertura possam ser efetivamente incorporadas aos sistemas de producao agricola. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de especies de plantas de cobertura nos niveis de nitrato e amonio no solo durante o desenvolvimento inicial do arroz de terras altas, bem como a produtividade do arroz. Um experimento de campo foi realizado e os tratamentos consistiram de cultivo de arroz sobre cinco plantas de cobertura ( Panicum maximum , Brachiaria ruziziensis , Brachiaria brizantha , milheto e pousio) no SPD e mais dois tratamentos controle ( Brachiaria brizantha e pousio) no sistema de plantio convencional, PC (uma aracao e duas gradagens). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados com tres repeticoes. As amostras de solo foram coletadas por seis semanas (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias em relacao a semeadura do arroz). As culturas de cobertura B. brizantha , Panicum maximum e B. ruziziensis no SPD e B. brizantha incorporada e pousio incorporado no PC tiveram os niveis mais elevados de nitratos no solo. Por outro lado, B. brizantha e pousio no PC e milheto e P. maximo no SPD tiveram os niveis mais elevados de amonio no solo. Tratamentos com a planta de cobertura milheto e pousio incorporado proporcionaram as maiores produtividades do arroz. Sistema de cultivo e especies de plantas de cobertura podem ser usadas para atingir os niveis desejados e a forma de nitrogenio no solo.
Towards a model of the emergence of action space maps in the motor cortex

Self-organising maps can recreate many of the essential features of the known functional organisation of primary cortical areas in the mammalian brain. According to such models, cortical maps represent the spatial-temporal structure of sensory and/or motor input patterns registered during the early development of an animal, and this structure is determined by interactions between the neural control architecture, the body morphology, and the environmental context in which the animal develops. We present a minimal model of pseudo-physical interactions between an animat body and its environment, which includes each of these elements, and show how cortical map self-organisation is affected by manipulations to each element in turn. We find that maps robustly self-organise to reveal a homuncular organisation, where nearby body parts tend to be represented by adjacent neurons, but suggest that a homunculus caricature of these maps masks the true organisation as one that remaps from sensory coordinates into `action spaces' for controlling movements of the body to obtain environmental reward. The results motivate a reappraisal of the classic motor cortex homunculus, and demonstrate the utility of an animat modelling approach for investigating the essential constraints that affect cortical map self-organisation.
Ingroup Favoritism Versus Black Sheep Effects in Observations of Informal Conversations

This research was designed to gain further insight into the psychological mechanisms underlying the "black sheep effect" (e.g., Marques, Yzerbyt, & Leyens, 1988) using a paradigm that allowed us to address 2 potential limitations of previous research in this area. First, unlike earlier work, this research varied the group membership of the observer in combination with that of the target (i.e., an Observer Target design), which is necessary to provide a strict test of the black sheep effect. Second, we relied on a manipulation of group membership that was more subtle than that employed by previous research. This allowed us to test whether participants would spontaneously (i.e., without prompting by the experimenter) use group membership as a basis for derogating dislikeable members of the ingroup. These issues were explored using a "get acquainted paradigm" in which male or female participants read transcripts of a conversation between 2 students whose apparent gender was manipulated by varying only their .
Differential reproductive success of sympatric, naturally spawning hatchery and wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through the adult stage

We used multilocus microsatellite analysis to compare the reproductive success of naturally spawning wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a newly established sympatric hatchery population in Forks Creek, Washington, U.S.A. Hatchery steelhead spawning in the wild had markedly lower reproductive success than native wild steelhead. Wild females that spawned in 1996 produced 9 times as many adult offspring per capita as did hatchery females that spawned in the wild. Wild females that spawned in 1997 produced 42 times as many adult offspring as hatchery females. The wild steelhead population more than met replacement requirements (approximately 3.76.7 adult offspring were produced per female), but the hatchery steelhead were far below replacement requirements (<0.5 adults per female). The survival differential was greatest in the freshwater environment (i.e., production of seaward-migrating juveniles), but survival at sea favored the hatchery population in 1 year and the wild population in the next.
Environmental degradation impact on native communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an urban fragment of semideciduous plateau forest

No municipio de Maringa (PR) existem tres parques abertos a visitacao, todos com areas degradadas. O impacto causado pelo corte de arvores, trafego de automoveis e visitacao sobre o estabelecimento de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMA) foi avaliado em duas areas do Horto Florestal Dr. Luis Teixeira Mendes, remanescente de floresta estacional semidecidua. Amostras de solo foram retiradas de tres pontos em cada area. Os esporos foram isolados do solo via peneiramento umido e centrifugacao em sacarose, e montados em lâminas permanentes. Sob microscopio foram quantificados e identifi cados morfologicamente. Com os dados de abundância, calcularam-se os indices: diversidade, dominância, equitabilidade e similaridade. A area degradada apresentou maior numero de esporos e comunidades com valores menores de riqueza, diversidade e equitabilidade. No entanto, convem esclarecer que a maior densidade de esporos foi ocasionada pela presenca frequente de esporocarpos de G. sinuosum. Na area preservada foram verificadas 10 a 12 especies por ponto de coleta, enquanto na area degradada, esse numero variou de 6 a 12. Na area degradada, o ponto II, localizado na regiao mais protegida do fragmento, apresentou comunidades bem diversificadas e equilibradas, a semelhanca dos pontos da area preservada. Os resultados sugerem que a degradacao ambiental teve reflexos negativos no estabelecimento e na diversidade dos FMA.
Distinct Principal Modes of Early and Late Summer Rainfall Anomalies in East Asia

Abstract The current seasonal prediction of East Asia (EA) summer monsoon deals with June–July–August (JJA) mean anomalies. This study shows that the EA summer monsoon may be divided into early summer [May–June (MJ)] and late summer [July–August (JA)] and exhibits remarkable differences in mean state between MJ and JA. This study reveals that the principal modes of interannual precipitation variability have distinct spatial and temporal structures during the early and late summer. These principal modes can be categorized as either El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related or non-ENSO related. During the period of 1979–2007, ENSO-related modes explain 35% of MJ variance and 45% of JA variance, and non-ENSO-related modes account for 25% of MJ variance and 20% of JA variance. For ENSO-related variance, about two-thirds are associated with ENSO decaying phases, and one-third is associated with ENSO developing phases. The ENSO-related MJ modes generally concur with rapid decay or early development of ENSO ep.
The phenotypic and genotypic characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in outpatients’ urine culture

Introduction/Objective In the era of emerging antibacterial resistance, the major burden of resistant strains is on hospitalized patients. Although community factors are also important in the spread of resistance, less attention has been paid to non-healthcare settings. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in the outpatient’s urine culture and to perform phenotypic and genotypic characterization of VRE strains. Methods During an 18-month period, a total of 5,164 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from urine and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method and by gradient test for glycopeptideresistant strains. Genotypic characterization of VRE strains was done by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of the vancomycin resistance genes. Results Among the isolated enterococci, 5,060 (98%) were E. faecalis and 104 (2%) were E. faecium. E. faecalis strains were susceptible to all tested antibiotics except norfloxacin (33% of strains were resistant), while E. faecium showed high level of resistance to most of the tested agents (91.3% to ampicillin, 77% to norfloxacin, and 75% to nitrofurantoin), and 26% of strains were resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin. VanA gene was detected in all vancomycin resistant E. faecium (VREfm) strains. Conclusion A high proportion of VREfm was noticed among outpatients in our country. All analyzed VREfm strains belonged to vanA genotype. Future surveillance studies of VRE are needed to follow up on this baseline study to monitor any possible changes in abundance and genotype of VRE in this population group.
Protective and Promising Myogenic Effect of Two Thymoquinone Formulations In Relation To the Hamster Buccal Pouch-Induced Carcinogenic Model

Introduction and Aim of the study: In this study, the induced dysplasia model of hamster buccal pouch with DMBA (HBP/DMBA) was used to study the effect of thymoquinone (TQ), and different concentrations of thymoquinone loaded on liposomes (NTQ) formulation, as chemo-protective-/ -therapeutic agents. Materials and Method: The study was carried out on (170) male Syrian hamsters, divided into 7 groups. TQ and different concentrations of NTQ, were i.p. injected daily at 0.1mg/kg body weight for TQ and 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.01 mg/kg for NTQ, respectively, two weeks before DMBA. Then were continued with DMBA painting 3/w/6 weeks and left untreated for 2 weeks. Untreated and DMBA only-treated animals for six weeks, served as negative and positive controls, respectively. The excised pouches were processed for H&E and Masson’s trichrome stains, as well as IHC staining for TNF-α,Nf-кB, TGF-β1, and caspase 3. Results: Topical application of DMBA produced significant shortening of the painted pouches and different grades of epithelial dysplasia up to CIS and squamous carcinoma (end of the experiment). TQ and NTQ groups (0.1, and 0.05 mg/kg) resulted in mild/moderate epithelial dysplasia, while NTQ (0.025 and 0.01mg/kg) groups severe epithelial dysplasia. Pouches of all combined groups showed variable degrees of pouches’ elongation, through promyogenic effect.IHC results revealed clear expressions in favor of regressing the carcinogenic process, and expressions in favor of muscle regeneration.Masson’s trichrome stain: showed a transition from fibrous tissue to muscle fiber differentiation after 2 weeks of combined DMBA and TQ treatments. Conclusion: TQ and higher concentrations of NTQ had a promising chemo-protective and -therapeutic effect in the carcinogenesis process, as well as a pro-myogenic activity even with continuous chronic irritating inflammatory and mutagenic stimulus.
The lock-and-key mechanisms of the internal genitalia of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera): How are they selected for?

In the Noctuidae, the owlet moths, the internal genitalia, i.e. the aedeagus and vesica (penis) in the males, and the bursa copulatrix in the females, together form a lock-and-key mechanism (LKM). The species-specific structures have their counterparts in the opposite sex. The internal LKM constitutes a specific reproductive isolation mechanism (lock-and-key hypothesis), which seem to be the rule in the ditrysian Lepidoptera, and also occurs in the Carabidae (Coleoptera) and some other insects. In contrast, the external genitalia rarely have species-specific counterparts in the sexes. Several results indicate the presence of LKMs: In the Noc- tuidae, (1) heterospecific differences in the male vesica may prevent sperm transfer or lead to mechanical failure during copulation, (2) the more complicated the specific genitalia structures, the more aberrations may occur even in conspecific copulations, and (3) in many species pairs and groups, and in one large genus, Apamea, the structures in the opposite sexes show a strictly specific corre- spondence, but, (4) when there is precopulatory isolation due to differences in pheromone production or perception, the internal genitalia may be identical. Conversely, in the Colias butterflies (Pieridae), (5) frequent heterospecific hybridization is associated with the similarity of the internal genitalia. The LKMs seem to protect genomes against alien genes, supposedly selected for because of the lower fitness of specimens with an imprecise LKM and/or inferiority of hybrids. In the literature, the diversity of the noctuid genitalia has been ascribed to sexual selection, because the females were classified as polyandrous. Most species produce the main part of their eggs monandrously, and remate, if at all, in their old age, and are thus successively monandrous and polyandrous. The allopatric divergence in the structure of the internal genitalia of 39 Holarctic pairs of sister species of Noctuidae is suggested to be due to genetic drift. The insecure function of the female pheromones and external genitalia of males are illustrated with the aid of original photographs.
Exploring Microbial Diversity Using 16S rRNA High-Throughput Methods

As a result of advancements in high-throughput technology, the sequencing of the pioneering 16S rRNA gene marker is gradually shedding light on the taxonomic characterization of the spectacular microbial diversity that inhabits the earth. 16S rRNA-based investigations of microbial environmental niches are currently conducted using several technologies, including large-scale clonal Sanger sequencing, oligonucleotide microarrays, and, particularly, 454 pyrosequencing that targets specific regions or is linked to barcoding strategies. Interestingly, the short read length produced by next-generation sequencing technology has led to new computational efforts in the taxonomic sequence assignment process. From a medical perspective, the characterization of the microbial composition of the skin surface, oral cavity, and gut in both healthy and diseased people enables a comparison of microbial community profiles and also contributes to the understanding of the potential impact of a particular microbial community.
Non vanishing of theta functions and sets of small multiplicative energy

Let $\chi$ range over the $(p-1)/2$ even Dirichlet characters modulo a prime $p$ and denote by $\theta (x,\chi)$ the associated theta series. The asymptotic behaviour of the second and fourth moments proved by Louboutin and the author implies that there exists at least $ \gg p/ \log p$ characters such that the associated theta function does not vanish at a fixed point. Constructing a suitable mollifier, we improve this result and show that there exists at least $ \gg p/ \sqrt{\log p}$ characters such that $\theta(x,\chi) \neq 0$ for any $x>0$. We give similar results for odd Dirichlet characters mod $p$.