Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Internet and access to evidence: how are nurses positioned?

BACKGROUND Published literature that describes the use of the Internet by nurses is scant, but it does reveal that there has been a delay in the acceptance of the Internet as a workplace tool by the medical community and, in particular by nurses. AIMS The purpose of this article is to report on a study of how often and from what location nurses accessed the Internet, as well as the types of information they were seeking. In addition, our goal was to compare nurses' Internet use with that of physicians and the public at large, and to highlight structural and institutional challenges to nurses' use. METHODS Surveys (1996 and 1998) of Alberta Registered Nurses were used to examine their use of technology at work and at home. Additional data sources were used to compare nurses to physicians and to the general public. RESULTS While nurses' Internet and e-mail use at home increased over the 2-year period and was comparable with other groups, Internet use at work was low compared with other groups despite adequate workplace access. CONCLUSIONS Nurses are more likely to value interpersonal contact, and prefer to use personal experience and communication with colleagues and patients rather than on-line and traditional sources of practice knowledge. In order for an information source to be seen as valuable in the clinical setting, contextually relevant information needs to be accessed quickly and efficiently. Energies should be focused on constructing information systems that address the particular needs of nurses.
Central European Journal of Mathematics Boundaries of Weak Peak Points in Noncommutative Algebras of Lipschitz Functions Research

It has been shown that any Banach algebra satisfying ‖f2‖ = ‖f‖2 has a representation as an algebra of quaternion-valued continuous functions. Whereas some of the classical theory of algebras of continuous complex-valued functions extends immediately to algebras of quaternion-valued functions, similar work has not been done to analyze how the theory of algebras of complex-valued Lipschitz functions extends to algebras of quaternion-valued Lipschitz functions. Denote by Lip(X,F) the algebra over R of F-valued Lipschitz functions on a compact metric space (X, d), where F = R,C, or H, the non-commutative division ring of quaternions. In this work, we analyze a class of subalgebras of Lip(X,F) in which the closure of the weak peak points is the Shilov boundary, and we show that algebras of functions taking values in the quaternions are the most general objects to which the theory of weak peak points extends naturally. This is done by generalizing a classical result for uniform algebras, due to Bishop, which ensures the existence of the Shilov boundary. While the result of Bishop need not hold in general algebras of quaternion-valued Lipschitz functions, we give sufficient conditions on such an algebra for it to hold and to guarantee the existence of the Shilov boundary. MSC: 46J10, 46J20, 46J15
Jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase: A key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses

Methyl jasmonate is a plant volatile that acts as an important cellular regulator mediating diverse developmental processes and defense responses. We have cloned the novel gene JMT encoding an S-adenosyl-l-methionine:jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Recombinant JMT protein expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed the formation of methyl jasmonate from jasmonic acid with Km value of 38.5 μM. JMT RNA was not detected in young seedlings but was detected in rosettes, cauline leaves, and developing flowers. In addition, expression of the gene was induced both locally and systemically by wounding or methyl jasmonate treatment. This result suggests that JMT can perceive and respond to local and systemic signals generated by external stimuli, and that the signals may include methyl jasmonate itself. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing JMT had a 3-fold elevated level of endogenous methyl jasmonate without altering jasmonic acid content. The transgenic plants exhibited constitutive expression of jasmonate-responsive genes, including VSP and PDF1.2. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed enhanced level of resistance against the virulent fungus Botrytis cinerea. Thus, our data suggest that the jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase is a key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses. Activation of JMT expression leads to production of methyl jasmonate that could act as an intracellular regulator, a diffusible intercellular signal transducer, and an airborne signal mediating intra- and interplant communications.
Passive acquired immunity against measles in infants born to naturally infected and vaccinated mothers.

BACKGROUND Currently, the majority of newborns in Poland are born to mothers who have been immunized against measles. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal measles antibody titers of infants born to mothers who had been infected by measles wild virus (group I) with those born to mothers who had been vaccinated (group II). MATERIAL/METHODS Serum samples were tested for measles antibodies from 79 infants in the 7th month of life and from 27 mothers between 17 and 41 years of age. Two commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and a plaque neutralization test (PNT) were used. RESULTS Only 12.7% of all infants showed measles antibodies in EIA. However, antibodies could be detected by PNT in all the infants, although only 36.6% showed titers of >1:8, which corresponds to protective antibody values of >0.2 IU/ml. The mean geometrical titer was significantly higher among infants from group I than in group II (1:7.16 vs. 1:3.71, p=0.0038). Protective antibody titers were detected in 50% of infants from group I and only 18.2% in group II (p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS Passive acquired immunity in infants born to mothers who have had measles lasts longer than in infants born to vaccinated mothers. Nearly two thirds of infants (65.4%) in the 7th month of life did not have sufficient maternally derived neutralizing antibodies to protect against measles. Our data suggest that the recommended age for the first dose of measles vaccine during measles epidemics should be lowered to 9 months, with re-vaccination at 12-15 months.
No effect of growth hormone administration on substrate oxidation during exercise in young, lean men

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of increased fat availability induced by growth hormone (GH) administration on the oxidative metabolism during exercise. Seven well‐trained males (age 25 ± 2 years (mean ±s.e.m.); peak oxygen consumption : 62 ± 1 ml min−1 kg−1 (completed four randomised trials: 120 min bicycling at 55% 4 h after receiving either 7.5 IU (2.5 mg) GH or placebo (Plc), and during rest after receiving either GH or Plc. In all studies a standardized meal was given 2 h after GH or Plc injection. GH administration resulted in an ∼60‐fold increase in serum GH concentration at rest (P < 0.0001) and during exercise (P < 0.0001). The increase in serum GH was followed by an increase in circulating glycerol at rest (8%, P < 0.0001). When combined with exercise the increase in plasma glycerol was more pronounced (GH: 716% of baseline versus Plc: 328%, P < 0.0001). However, this increase in fat mobilization did not increase fat oxidation during exercise (indirect calorimetry). In conclusion, GH administration combined with aerobic exercise increased lipolytic parameters substantially more than exercise alone, but did not further augment whole body fat oxidation.
Causes and Mechanisms of Common Coccydynia: Role of Body Mass Index and Coccygeal Trauma

Study Design. A total of 208 consecutive coccydynia patients were examined with the same clinical and radiologic protocol. Objectives. To study radiographic coccygeal lesions in the sitting position, to elucidate the influence of body mass index on the different lesions, and to establish the effect of coccygeal trauma. Summary of Background Data. A protocol comparing standing radiographs and radiographs subsequently taken in the painful sitting position in coccydynia patients and in controls has shown two culprit lesions: posterior luxation and hypermobility. Obesity and a history of trauma have been identified as risk factors for luxation. Methods. Dynamic radiographs were obtained. The body mass index was compared with the coccygeal angle of incidence, sagittal rotation of the pelvis when sitting down, and the presence and time of previous trauma. The patients with the newly described lesions were examined after an anesthetic block under fluoroscopic guidance. Results. Two new coccygeal lesions are described (anterior luxation and spicules). Obesity was found to be a risk factor. The body mass index determines the way a subject sits down, and lesion patterns were different in obese, normal-weight, and thin patients (posterior luxation: 51%, 15.2%, 3.7%; hypermobility: 26.5%, 30.3%, 14.8%; spicules: 2%, 15.9%, 29.6%; normal: 16.3%, 32.6%, 48.1%, respectively;P < 0.0001). Trauma affected the type of lesion only if it was recent (<1 month before the onset of coccydynia), in which case the instability rate increased from 55.6% to 77.1%. Backward-moving coccyges were at greatest risk of trauma. Conclusions. This protocol allows identification of the culprit lesion in 69.2% of cases. The body mass index determines the causative lesion, as does trauma sustained within the month preceding the onset of the pain.
Determinants of Firms’ Capital Structure Decisions in Highly Dollarized Economies: Evidence from Cambodia

This paper empirically investigates the features and determinants of capital structure decisions of firms in an almost completely dollarized credit market using survey-based data collected by the National Bank of Cambodia and JICA Research Institute in 2014. Specifically, we estimate the determinants of the ratio of bank loans to total assets, using a sample selection model. The major findings are as follows: Firstly, we find that loans from commercial banks are important funding sources for Cambodian firms, and all of the bank loans are denominated in FX currency, especially US dollars. Secondly, the ratio of bank loans to total assets depends positively on how much collateral they can provide for bank loans. Thirdly, firms that possess property and casualty insurance have higher ratios of bank loans to total assets. Lastly, in the Cambodian situation where bank loans are only available in FX currency, currency mismatch risks push firms to reduce the ratio of bank loans to total assets, especially for highly profitable firms. We find that highly profitable firms tend to decrease (increase) the ratio of bank loans in response to an increase (a decrease) in currency mismatch risk, although less profitable firms are not affected by such currency mismatch risks. These results suggest that, as well as other developing countries, external debt procurement heavily depends on how much collateral the Cambodian firms can provide and the extent of their business risks. Furthermore, our results also suggest that, in highly financially dollarized economies with underdeveloped financial systems such as Cambodia, firms with currency mismatch risks tend to reduce bank loans to deal with currency mismatch risks. Therefore, development of a local currency loan market would allow Cambodian firms with local currency revenues to hedge their currency mismatch risks, leading to improvements in financial deepening and inclusion.
Study of Some Heavy Metal Pollutions in the Hormuz Islands Coastal Sediments and Their Origin

Distribution study of heavy metals in different sediments is an important and new method in environmental sedimentology. And the environmental pollutions which are made by them are very important. For identification of environmental pollutions from heavy metals in coastal sediments of Hormuz Island, 9 samples from these sediments examined by XRF methods. The results showed that (SD/SE) of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, As, V and Cr were14/44, 27/77, 6/44, 37/11, 12/44, 31/33 and 163/88 (measured in ppm) in sediments, respectively. The calculation results of the Molar index (Igeo), enriched factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), contamination factor (Cd), and the degree of contamination correction (mCd); and comparison of the amount of the elements to the average value of shale showed that the shoreline of Hormuz Island is not contaminated by nickel, zinc and copper, while there was pollution by lead, arsenic and chromium. The correlation coefficient and cluster analysis showed that the origin of these elements are erosion of existence rocks and human activities.
The prevalence of BK viremia and urinary viral shedding in a pediatric renal transplant population: A single‐center retrospective analysis

Abstract: Polyomavirus‐induced nephropathy has emerged as an important cause of renal graft dysfunction. Limited pediatric data are available for this disease. We therefore reviewed the results of the first year of polyomavirus screening in our pediatric renal transplant recipients to determine the prevalence of polyomavirus viremia and urinary shedding. Screening included detection of polyomavirus in plasma by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in urine by electron microscopy (EM). In patients with a positive screening test, an assessment of graft dysfunction was made. Fifty‐two patients met the inclusion criteria. Urinary EM was performed in 205 samples and polyomavirus was detected in 10 patients, representing 19% of the study population. PCR was performed on 222 samples and was positive for the BK virus in plasma from seven patients or 13.4% of the study population. Eight patients had a positive screening test and increased creatinine. All these patients underwent renal transplant biopsy. This revealed evidence of polyomavirus nephropathy in four patients. Our findings reveal a high prevalence of polyomavirus in both urine and plasma that is frequently associated with graft dysfunction. These findings support the routine screening of pediatric post‐renal transplant patients for polyomavirus replication.
Network topologies to manage the globalization of innovation

Organizations are bounding together in collaboration networks, yet, without acknowledging the challenges generated by network-structures. Collaboration networks financed by German ministries between 20072014 and producing social, radical and incremental innovations were analyzed to characterize these networks. The findings contribute to the understanding of the interrelationship between network topologies and innovation.
Selection of CD8+PD-1+ Lymphocytes in Fresh Human Melanomas Enriches for Tumor-reactive T Cells

CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human melanomas express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired. However, adoptive cell therapy using in vitro-expanded TIL can be a highly effective therapy for patients with advanced melanoma. This discrepancy led us to further analyze the CD8+PD-1+ TILs. We found that the percentage of PD-1−expressing CD8+ T cells was higher in the tumor digests that generate tumor-reactive TILs after in vitro culture in interleukin-2 (P=0.0007). Also sorted and expanded CD8+PD-1+ T cells in tumor digests showed much higher tumor-specific interferon-γ production compared with CD8+PD-1− T cells. These results suggested that tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma tumor digests are largely PD-1+, and this population can recover function after culturing in interleukin-2. PD-1 has been reported as an inhibitory receptor on T cells. We found that the in vitro functional suppression of cultured-TILs from native levels of PD-L1 expression on melanomas was minimal, and moreover expression level of PD-1 on CD8+ tumor-specific TILs decreased during the culture. As a consequence, the PD-1 receptor can be a useful biomarker for enriching tumor-specific T cells from fresh melanomas.
Language , Gender , and Power 3 Battle of Words : Language , Gender , and Power in the Courtroom *

The relationship between gender and power in spoken language has been studied both in and out of the courtroom. Previous research suggests that the use of powerful or powerless language by witnesses in criminal trials is not decided by gender, although it may play a role among numerous status-determining factors. This study investigated the relationship between gender and the use of powerful and powerless speech by criminal law attorneys in witness examinations. Recordings of trials were coded for features of powerless language and data were analyzed along the dimensions of participant role, gender, and examination type. The results suggest that gender influences the speech of attorneys, participant role is largely influential in the speech of witnesses, and examination type affects all participants. These findings were interpreted with respect to previous studies in powerful and powerless language, and suggestions for future research were made. Language, Gender, and Power 3 Battle of Words: Language, Gender, and Power in the Courtroom
INTRAVITREAL INFLIXIMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF SIGHT-THREATENING CHRONIC NONINFECTIOUS UVEITIS

Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is known to play an important role in various immune-mediated ocular diseases. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, has been used for the treatment of various chronic systemic and ocular inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravitreal injection of infliximab on the visual acuity and central macular thickness in patients with chronic noninfectious uveitis. Methods: Ten eyes of 7 patients with chronic persistent noninfectious uveitis who were nonresponsive to conventional previous medications during the previous 3 months were included in this study. The patients received intravitreal injection of 1.5 mg/0.15 mL infliximab. Mean best-corrected visual acuity and mean central macular thickness 1 day before and 4 weeks after the injection were evaluated and compared. Results: Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution before and after injection was 1.37 ± 0.43 and 0.67 ± 0.56, respectively, with statistically significant improvement after injection (P = 0.005). The mean central macular thickness before and after injection was 673.20 ± 338.39 μm and 456.40 ± 317.46 μm, respectively, with a significant decrease in the central macular thickness after the injection (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of infliximab may improve the visual acuity and decrease the central macular thickness in patients with chronic noninfectious uveitis and significant visual loss and central macular edema.
Efficacy of Vermicompost on growth and yield parameters of Lycopersicum esculentum ( Tomato )

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and organic fertilizers on growth and yield of tomato plants. Various growth and yield parameters like mean Percentage of seed germination and seedling length plant height, yield/plant, marketable yield/plant, mean leaf number, total plant biomass were recorded for each treatment. Almost all the growth, yield and quality parameters increased significantly as compared to control, though the increase within the treatments was not found to be significant. Vermicompost is produced by vermicomposting of organic material through interactions between earthworm and microorganisms. The present study suggested that vermicompost is more favorable for vigorous production of tomatoes. The vermicompost can be economically and environmentally suitable and also maintenance of soil environment. The continued use of chemical fertilizers causes health and environmental hazards such as ground and surface water pollution by nitrate leaching. Compost refers to organic constituents, usually wastes, that have been mixed, piled, and moistened and undergo thermophilic decomposition that alters or decomposes the original organic materials.
The Effect of Learning Strategy and Achievement Motivation towards Learning Natural Science Outcome and Scientific Attitude at Eight Grade of Junior High School

The purpose of this study is to examine the advance of guided discovery learning strategies and also to determine the significance differences of the interaction between the learning strategies and achievement motivation on students’ learning natural science outcomes and scientific attitude. This study used a quasiexperimental pretest and posttest nonequivalent control-group research design. The data were analyzed by using MANOVA factorial design. It was calculated by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program for Windows. The result of this study shows that: (1) There are significant differences in the learning natural science outcome and scientific attitude between students’ groups who use guided discovery learning strategy and a the students’ groups who use expository strategy; (2) There are significant differences in the learning science outcome and scientific attitude of students between the students’ groups who have high achievement motivation and the students’ group who have low achievement motivation; and (3) There is no significant interaction effect between learning strategies and achievement motivation on learning science outcomes and scientific attitude of students.
Nearly Optimal Bounds for Orthogonal Least Squares

In this paper, we study the orthogonal least squares (OLS) algorithm for sparse recovery. On one hand, we show that if the sampling matrix <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {A}$</tex-math></inline-formula> satisfies the restricted isometry property of order <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K + 1$</tex-math> </inline-formula> with isometry constant <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta _{K+ 1} < \frac{1}{\sqrt{K+1}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> then OLS exactly recovers the support of any <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula>-sparse vector <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\mathbf {x}$</tex-math></inline-formula> from its samples <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {y} = \mathbf {A} \mathbf {x}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math> </inline-formula> iterations. On the other hand, we show that OLS may not be able to recover the support of a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula>-sparse vector <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {x}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> iterations for some <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math> </inline-formula> if <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta _{K+ 1} \geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{K+\frac{1}{4}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.