Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovation System Effects on Technological Adoption in a Regional Value Chain

This paper examines the technology adoption rates of a sample of enterprises that are nominally members of the transportation equipment value chain. We utilize the regional innovation system (RIS) concept to identify and test key regional and corporate influences on technology adoption. Using data collected from a detailed survey instrument, our analysis considers adoption rates during the very period in which production equipment technologies are known to have grown very suddenly, i.e. the fourth quarter of 1994. Our findings indicate that the most important RIS factors are related to worker training and information spillover effects between proximate firms. In the main, our findings are supportive of policies that work indirectly through the market structure of regional economies and a firm's value-chain, as opposed to directly through regional technology agencies.
Liquidity, Investment Style, and the Relation between Fund Size and Fund Performance

Abstract Using stock transactions data along with detailed stockholdings for a comprehensive sample of U.S. actively managed equity mutual funds from 1993 to 2002, this paper empirically examines the effect of liquidity and investment style on the relation between fund size and fund performance. Consistent with Chen, Hong, Huang, and Kubik (2004), I find a significant inverse relation between fund size and fund performance. Further, this inverse relation is stronger among funds that hold less liquid portfolios. The inverse relation between fund size and fund performance is also more pronounced among growth and high turnover funds that tend to have high demands for immediacy. Overall, this paper's findings suggest that liquidity is an important reason why fund size erodes performance.
Globus Sensation and Psychopathology in Men: The Vietnam Experience Study

Objective: To assess whether globus is associated with psychopathology in men. Globus—a persistent sensation of having a lump in the throat with no detectable physical cause—has long been thought a predominantly female disorder. Several small studies, based wholly or largely on women, suggested that globus is associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and somatic concern. Methods: Participants were 4240 male U.S. veterans who underwent detailed medical and psychological examinations in middle age. Psychological health was assessed by structured diagnostic interview and the clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The MMPI includes an item on the presence of globus. Results: The prevalence of globus was 6.4%. Men with globus had an increased risk of being diagnosed with somatization disorder, odds ratio (OR) = 5.92, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 3.22, 10.9l; major depression, OR = 4.98, 95% CI = 3.63, 6.67; generalized anxiety disorder, OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 2.75, 4.90; posttraumatic stress disorder, OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 2.54, 4.76; and drug abuse or dependence, OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.15, 3.13; and they scored significantly higher on nine of the ten MMPI clinical scales. Globus was also associated with lower cognitive ability, socioeconomic and educational disadvantage, a higher pulse rate, and increased likelihood of being on antihypertensive medication. Conclusions: Globus is linked with a wide range of psychopathology in men, notably depression and somatization disorder. Men presenting with globus might have developed that particular symptom to “represent” other, related and treatable psychopathology, which should also be investigated. MMPI = Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; ENT = ear, nose, and throat; DIS = Diagnostic Interview Schedule; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.
The insanity of place.

The the insanity of place that we provide for you will be ultimate to give preference. This reading book is your chosen book to accompany you when in your free time, in your lonely. This kind of book can help you to heal the lonely and get or add the inspirations to be more inoperative. Yeah, book as the widow of the world can be very inspiring manners. As here, this book is also created by an inspiring author that can make influences of you to do more.
Innovation and Productivity Across Mexican Manufacturing Firms

Following the Crepon-Duguet-Mairesse Model (1998), using a database with 2,078 Mexican manufacturing establishments from 2004 to 2006, adapting available proxy variables and proposing a different productivity estimation, this article sets out: Which is their innovation propensity? Which factors push on their innovation efforts? Are these efforts and the innovation favoring labor productivity? The main findings are: Mexican manufacturing establishments with a higher innovation propensity are the largest, with high technological intensity and market share. Advertising, knowledge appropriability, FDI, TT and access to credit have a positive effect on innovation efforts. Moreover, the innovation effort, together with export levels, FDI and access to technology have influenced the innovation of new processes and/or designs, particularly in local firms as compared to foreign firms. Finally, the variables: innovation, labour remunerations and capital intensity have a substantial effect on labor productivity and at a lower level market share, FDI and total quality control.
On the Origins of Competitive Advantage: Strategic Factor Markets and Heterogeneous Resource Complementarity

Strategic factor market theory suggests that in the absence of luck, asymmetric expectations are a necessary condition for firms to appropriate gains from valuable resources. I argue that this is only true in the absence of heterogeneous resource complementarity. Extending factor market theory, I show that firms can profit when they exhibit superior complementarity to target resources, even in the absence of asymmetric expectations, and I determine the components of appropriated value in such markets. I thus demonstrate the power and simplicity of coalitional analysis, while shedding light on central concepts in strategic management discourse.
An Experimental Analysis of Over-Confidence

The purpose of this paper is to experimentally demonstrate the existence of the bias of over-confidence as a human psychological bias. This bias was measured by three methods: the estimation interval, the frequency estimation method and the method of question with two answer choices. The estimation interval method finds a very wide bias compared to the other two methods, but overconfidence persists in the other two methods at lower levels. In the first experiment, monetary incentives have exacerbated the over-confidence because of the given compensation. This system has demonstrated that there is a strong link between over-confidence and risk taking. The second experiment that used the method of question with two answer choices was given a different pay system and it was expected that overconfidence will be reduced by monetary incentives but the results show that the bias is not significantly reduced by these new monetary incentives. Similarly, the iteration that was made during the first experiment did not significantly reduce the bias.
Promoting Effective Consultation? Assessing the Impact of the ICE Regulations

Drawing on evidence from longitudinal case studies in 25 organizations, this article examines whether information and consultation (I&C) bodies established in the context of the UK's Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations 2004 have been the vehicle for effective consultation, based on objective criteria. Assessed against the regulations' default provisions that require I&C concerning strategic business issues and major organizational change, a substantial minority of participating organizations were categorized as ‘active consulters’, while a majority were ‘communicators’. The differing trajectories of I&C primarily reflected internal organizational dynamics, particularly management's approach to consultation. Beyond providing the catalyst for managerial moves to introduce I&C, the influence of the statutory framework proved largely peripheral.
Entrepreneurship policy to support new innovative ventures: Is it effective?

Using Swedish data, we investigate whether the effectiveness of an entrepreneurship policy programme can be traced over time among those firms it supports. The results are drawn from a longitudinal matched pair analysis. Hypotheses were tested every year for eight years. The main conclusions are: when bias is considered the public support programme has not generated measurable additionality and the programme has to some extent been able to select firms on a general level; however, among those selected, the scheme has not been able to identify potentially successful firms.
A critical discourse analysis of the standards for the education, competence and professional conduct of educators in British Columbia

This dissertation examines discourses of professionalism and teacher education reform by carrying out a Critical Discourse Analysis of the British Columbia College of Teacher’s Standards for the education, competence and professional conduct of educators in British Columbia (BCCT, 2004). The broader context of the dissertation is the evolution of competing notions of professionalism in teacher education in Canada and the United States in the decades following the release of the influential policy report, A Nation at Risk (NCEE, 1983). It is argued that a more perspicuous understanding of professionalism in teaching will help prospective and practicing educators make better sense of their professional responsibilities, and will also encourage educators to enter into the ongoing discussions about appropriate directions for teacher education reform. The study takes the form of a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). CDA is an interdisciplinary form of qualitative research that treats language as a social practice, and interprets texts in accordance with concepts such as discourse, power, and knowledge creation (Fairclough, 1995; Foucault, 1970; Habermas, 1970). The research utilizes the methods provided in Fairclough’s (1995, 2003) three step model of CDA to first describe, then interpret, and finally, to explain the relationships between understandings of professionalism and reform as these are taken up in the Standards text.
Self-Employment Around Retirement Age

This paper uses panel data from the pan-European SHARE survey to study labor market behavior of older male self-employed vis-a-vis wage employed workers. We find the self-employed to work longer hours, to be more flexible in their hours allocation, and to retire later in all countries. We relate these differences in observed behavior to individual characteristics, economic resources, and to documented cross-national variation in labor market and social security institutions. Differential incentives matter for the retirement behavior of the self-employed. We also provide evidence of the self-employed not wanting to retire as early as possible, and contrast these expectation data with realized retirement transitions. The overall picture that emerges is that older self-employed have a very strong labor market attachment and they use their degrees of freedom to work more and retire later accordingly.
Beyond Policy Representation in the U.S. House

Although a great deal of work shows that House members generally effectively represent the policy preferences of the majority of voters in their district, we know less about a more general level of representation enjoyed by those who do not support the incumbent. This problem is conceptualized by examining whether citizens, especially those in the opposing constituency, view casework as a partisan enterprise. Using data from the American National Election Study (ANES) cumulative file, this alternate way to consider representation illustrates that members of the opposing constituency are less satisfied with casework and less likely to think their representative would be helpful if contacted. Additionally, negative attitudes about casework generally increase in size for all citizens as the parties become increasingly polarized at the elite level and as one's individual representative becomes more extreme. Implications regarding the importance of political parties in the representation process are discussed.
How Should Britain's Government Spending and Tax Burdens Be Measured? A Historic Perspective on the 2009 Budget Forecasts

The 2009 Budget projections imply that the ratio of general government expenditure to national income will rise to 53.4% in 2010, the highest ratio since World War II and 6.9% above the peak recorded in World War I. Public sector net borrowing is projected to increase from 8% of national income in 2008–09, to 14.1% in 2009–10, and 13.5% in 2011–12. There must be serious doubt whether deficits on this scale can be financed in a non-inflationary manner, without very large capital inflows from abroad. It is hard to see why such inflows should be forthcoming now that the British economy has become so highly taxed by international standards.
The Health Economy and Health Insurance Research in the Jri

College professors typically expend a considerable amount of time, energy, and effort on academic research. But only one study to date has demonstrated the societal benefit of such research by showing that the content of academic research responds to real‐world problems. This article adds to this scant literature by investigating empirically if the prevalence of health insurance articles in the Journal of Risk and Insurance (JRI) can be explained by the state of the health economy. According to the findings, both the uninsured rate and health care spending share are directly related to the percentage of health insurance articles published in the JRI. Thus, the empirical results suggest that the research decisions of insurance economists are influenced at the margin by real‐world problems.
Small regulatory RNAs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently associated with nosocomial infections, and can be life threatening in immunosuppressed, cancer and cystic fibrosis patients. Virulence in P. aeruginosa is combinatorial, and results from the activation of several genetic programs that regulate motility, attachment to the host epithelium as well as the synthesis of exotoxins. The pathogen has a high survival capacity in the host owing to its metabolic versatility, nutrient scavenging and resistance against both, antibiotics and immune defenses. Adaptive responses to various environmental stresses and stimuli are often regulated by small regulatory RNAs (sRNA). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation and function of P. aeruginosa sRNAs that titrate regulatory proteins, base-pair with target mRNAs, and which are derived from CRISPR elements.
Analysis of tryptase‐positive mast cells and immunoexpression of MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 in periapical lesions

AIM To evaluate the immunoexpression of tryptase, MMP-9 and MMP-13 in periapical lesions, correlating them with the type of lesion, intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the epithelial lining. METHODOLOGY Twenty periapical granulomas (PGs), twenty radicular cysts (RCs) and twenty residual radicular cysts (RRCs) were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis using antitryptase, anti-MMP-9 and anti-MMP-13 antibodies. Immunoexpression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 was quantitatively evaluated both in the connective tissue of all lesions and in the epithelial lining of RCs and RRCs. Tryptase-positive mast cells were counted only in the connective tissue. The data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact tests, as well as Spearman's correlation test (P < 0.05). RESULTS In comparison with RCs and RRCs, PGs exhibited higher immunoexpression of tryptase, MMP-9 and MMP-13 (P = 0.002, P = < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In comparison with lesions with inflammatory infiltrates grades I and II, lesions with inflammatory infiltrate grade III had higher median percentages of MMP-13-positive cells (P = 0.003) and a tendency for higher expression of MMP-9 (P = 0.059). No significant difference was observed between the expression of the studied markers and epithelial thickness (P > 0.05). There were positive correlations between the number of tryptase-positive mast cells and the immunoexpression of MMP-9, as well as between the immunoexpression of MMP-9 and MMP-13. CONCLUSION A larger number of tryptase-positive mast cells and greater enzymatic activity of MMP-9 and MMP-13 were found in PGs compared to RCs and RRCs. These findings are a characteristic of the dynamics of periapical diseases.
The optical rebrightening of GRB100814A: an interplay of forward and reverse shocks?

We present a wide data set of gamma-ray, X-ray, UV/Opt/IR (UVOIR), and radio observations of the Swift GRB100814A. At the end of the slow decline phase of the X-ray and optical afterglow, this burst shows a sudden and prominent rebrightening in the optical band only, followed by a fast decay in both bands. The optical rebrightening also shows chromatic evolution. Such a puzzling behaviour cannot be explained by a single component model. We discuss other possible interpretations, and we find that a model that incorporates a long-lived reverse shock and forward shock fits the temporal and spectral properties of GRB100814 the best.
Are Compact Cities a Desirable Planning Goal

Abstract This paper considers some key issues that help to evaluate whether or not the promotion of compact cities is a worthwhile planning goal. These are: the pressures on prime agricultural land; residential density preferences; energy resource savings; the potential for expanding transit use and promoting TODs (transit-oriented developments); the costs and benefits of suburbanization; the efficiency gains from compactness; the impact of telecommunications on the density of development; the prospects for downtowns; the influence of rent-seeking on the promotion of downtown projects; the social equity of compactness; and the effects of competition among cities. Our evaluation of these issues does not support the case for promoting compact cities.
The antipruritic effect of a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist (tropisetron) is dependent on mast cell depletion – an experimental study

The background of this study is that 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists are reported to have an antipruritic effect in uremic and cholestatic pruritus. Recently, we could not confirm such an effect in healthy subjects under experimental conditions. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to further evaluate a possible antipruritic effect of a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist (tropisetron) on serotonin‐ and histamine‐induced itch before and after skin mast cell depletion in 10 healthy subjects. The results were compared to serotonin and histamine iontophoresis in non‐pretreated and pretreated skin with an orally applied antihistamine (cetirizine). Skin mast cell depletion was performed by iontophoretical application of compound 48/80. Wheals and flares were planimetrically evaluated. Itching and burning sensations were rated on an analog scale over a 24‐min period. The test protocol also comprised alloknesis, defined as induction of perifocal itch sensations by a mechanical stimulus. When serotonin was inotophoretically applied after mast cells had been depleted before, oral tropisetron resulted not only in significantly lower whealing, itching and alloknesis but also reduced flares. In contrast, after oral pretreatment with tropisetron histamine‐induced reactions before and after mast cell depletion did not significantly change. Our study demonstrates that in this model, tropisetron as a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist does not effect histamine‐induced itch but has a measurable effect in serotonin‐induced reactions when mast cells were depleted before. From these data evidence now exists why tropisetron is to some extent effective in certain types of pruritus such as uremic pruritus, known for increased histamine liberation and increased serotonin levels as well as degranulated and diffusely spread mast cells in the skin.
Production Risk and the Evolution of Varietal Technology

A Just-Pope production function is used to estimate the effect of genetic improvement on the first two moments of wheat yield for the period 1950–86. The model characterizes the green revolution as the culmination of an era in which wheat breeders achieved rapid increases in yield potential accompanied by higher yield variances. To date, the post-green revolution has been an era of slower mean yield growth, but of relatively rapid improvement in yield stability. Overall, the analysis indicates steady progress in producing "better" varieties; successive releases have improved either stability, mean yield, or both.
Voluntary tipping and the selective attraction and retention of service workers in the USA: an application of the ASA model

Gratuities paid by consumers are widely used to compensate workers in the service industry despite the fact that this practice permits and even encourages a variety of negative practices – from customer–employee collusion against the interests of the firm to service discrimination against consumers thought to be poor tippers. Such negative effects of tipping raise a question about why it exists – what benefits (if any) do firms receive from tipping to justify this practice? One common explanation for tipping is that it is the most efficient way to provide service workers with performance-contingent rewards and to motivate them to deliver good service. In this paper, we draw upon the attraction–selection–attrition model to describe and test another benefit to firms of this practice, namely that it helps to selectively attract and retain better service workers. Data from a survey of restaurant servers support this selection effect. Concluding discussion calls for more research on this interesting and understudied form of employee compensation.
Developmental Coordination Disorder in Extremely Low Birth Weight Children at Nine Years

ABSTRACT. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is defined as an impairment in the development of motor coordination that interferes with academic achievement or activities of daily living (DSM-IV). DCD has been reported to affect 5% to 9% of children in the normal population. This study describes the prevalence of DCD in a cohort of extremely low birth weight children (ELBW, ≤800 g) at 8.9 years of age, from which were excluded children with major impairments. Seventy-three children were included in the study group, along with 18 term-born, socially matched controls. Of the 73 ELBW children, 37 (51%) were classified as having DCD. ELBW children with DCD also had significantly lower Performance IQ (PIQ) scores and were more likely (43%) to have a learning difficulty in arithmetic than ELBW children who did not have DCD. This study found that DCD is a common problem in school-aged ELBW children.
Crimes of the Middle Classes: White-Collar Offenders in the Federal Courts

In this major study of convicted white-collar offenders in America, Weisburd, Wheeler, Waring, and Bode show that, contrary to public assumption, the majority of white-collar criminals are not wealthy but come from the middle classes and that judges are not more lenient with these offenders but often punish them more harshly than less socially privileged criminals.