Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics Standards of the Puerto Rico Department of Education: Analysis and Recommendations

Mathematics content standards are important for establishing what every student can and should know in this eld. Puerto Rico’s K-12 public school mathematics content standards are contained in the Department of Education’s Est andares de Excelencia, Programa de Matem aticas [23]. This document is analyzed with reference to a reasonable set of criteria for good standards and found wanting. In particular, we show that the standards are incomplete, highly repetitive, unfocused, replete with mathematical errors, and insuciently demanding of the students. The philosophy of the PR standards is also examined and a case made for neutrality of content standards with respect to educational philosophy. Our analysis indicates a pressing need for the development of new mathematics standards for the public schools of Puerto Rico and a greater participation of practising mathematicians (as well as educators) in this process. Part 4 examines briey some alternative sets of standards which are currently being tested in Puerto Rican schools. In Part 5 we look at some lessons that can be drawn from the Third International Mathematics and Science Survey. An examination of the 2002 curriculum reform and its likely impact on mathematics education is presented in Part 6. Since an appropriate reading level is a necessary condition for successful mathematics education, the latest research in reading instruction is examined in Part 7. This research provides overwhelming evidence that methods of reading-writing instruction which exclude explicit phonics training are inferior. Studies demonstrate that poor reading ability is strongly linked to attrition in the schools as well as delinquency. In view of the current high attrition rates, these results are particularly relevant to Puerto Rico. We end with a comprehensive list of recommendations.
Effectiveness of short duration of CPR training based on Indian guidelines among the doctors of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Western India- An interventional study

Introduction: Successful cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can lead to positive outcome after sudden cardiac arrest. Hence knowledge and skills among the medical and paramedical staff regarding CPR becomes very important. Various international guidelines were being followed till now, but recently the Indian guidelines for CPR have been published. We conducted an interventional study to know the effectiveness of short training of CPR based on these guidelines among the doctors. Materials and Methods: The doctors who attended the training were included in this interventional study. The training comprised of a lecture on all aspects of Indian guidelines of CPR published in 2017, followed by hands on training including assessment, airway management and chest compression on a manikin. The participants were requested to fill a questionnaire before and after the training. Their knowledge score was calculated from the answers. Results: Complete questionnaires were 108 in total. Mean post-test score (6.58) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test score (2.94), p value 91%, 8 scored 81-90%, 23 scored 71-80%). 28 participants (25.93%) scored less than 50% even after the training. Conclusion: Overall knowledge score improved after 90 minutes of short CPR training based on Indian guidelines among the doctors. Keywords: Resuscitation, Heart arrest, Training, Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Questionnaire.
Integrin α-5 as a potential biomarker of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors that endanger human health. In recent years, the incidence of HNSCC has been increasing, without any significant improvement in the prognosis. Therefore, increased knowledge on the molecular mechanism underlying HNSCC development will allow the development of new strategies for therapy. The present study attempted to identify key genes involved in HNSCC development. Expression profiles of HNSCC and normal samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the HNSCC and normal samples were identified and subjected to Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and Cytoscape CentiScape and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis were used to identify key DEGs. Finally, expression profiles of HNSCCs, including 500 HNSCCs and 44 normal samples, were included in the analysis. A total of 1,181 DEGs were screened, among which 354 genes were upregulated and 827 genes were downregulated in HNSCC compared with normal tissues. The GO enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in chloride transmembrane transporter, metalloendopeptidase and substrate-specific channel activities. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly associated with ‘protein digestion and absorption’, as well as ‘extracellular matrix-receptor interaction’. Integrin α-5 (ITGA5) was identified as a hub gene, based on the PPI network complex, and was confirmed to be significantly associated with the overall survival rate. Moreover, ITGA5 was overexpressed specifically in HNSCC. The genes found, notably ITGA5, are potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HNSCC.
BENCHMARKING CEO COMPENSATION: DEVELOPING A MODEL FOR DIFFERENT BUSINESS STRATEGIES

Porter’s generic business strategies of cost leadership and differentiation were adjusted to make them applicable to CEO compensation strategies. The cost leadership strategy equates to a firm that attempts to signal that their CEO is not over paid, not reaping off much of the profits, but is compensated according to best practices. The differentiation strategy relates to a firm that believes it is important to signal that their CEO is above average and therefore should earn an above average compensation. The purpose of the study was to develop a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with two stages. The first provides a best practice frontier to benchmark segments of CEO compensation against determiners thereof, including firm-, CEOand governance characteristics. Firms with different strategies will then position themselves differently to the best practice frontier. Irrespective of the strategy chosen at the first stage, the second stage estimates how efficient firms are to convert the above-mentioned determiners into multiple performance measures. The contribution of the study is that employing such a model may change the philosophy of how firms look at CEO compensation, for example firms whose CEOs are at the bottom half are not necessarily below average or underpaid, but signal that their CEOs are compensated according to best practices.
Patterns of genetic variation in Mops leucostigma (Molossidae) from Madagascar and the Comoros.

The synanthropic molossid bat, Mops leucostigma (Allen 1918), is widely distributed across Madagascar and has recently been described from the Comoros. M. leucostigma individuals from eastern Malagasy populations are markedly larger than those from the west, and Mops leucostigma populations from Madagascar are morphologically distinct from populations of its putative sister species, Mops condylurus from mainland Africa (Ratrimomanarivo et al. in press, Genetic diversity was assessed by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome b (n = 56) and displacement loop (D-loop) (n = 64) regions of Mops leucostigma individuals from a broad range of locations across Madagascar, and Moheli and Anjouan in the Comoros. Specimens of Mops condylurus (n =3), Mops midas (n =3) and Otomops martiensseni (n = 1) were included in the study for comparative purposes as outgroups. Phenetic and cladistic analysis of cytochrome b and D-loop sequences strongly supported the reciprocally-monophyletic status of Mops condylurus and M. leucostigma. Comorian (Moheli and Anjouan) and Malagasy M. leucostigma samples formed a monophyletic Mops leucostigma group, within which Comorian samples formed a poorly-supported subclade in the cytochrome b analysis only. Cytochrome b genetic distances of 13.8 % separated M. midas from M. condylurus and M. leucostigma, which formed reciprocally-monophyletic sister groups separated by genetic distances of 2.5 % for cytochrome b and 13 % for the D-loop. 49 M. leucostigma cytochrome b sequences yielded seven haplotypes, two of which were exclusive to the Comoros. D-loop haplotype analysis did not support the distinctiveness of the Comorian samples. Genetic distances within M. leucostigma samples were low (0.22 % for cytochrome b and 1.91 % for the D-loop). Comorian samples were found to be genetically attributable to M. leucostigma. Clear phylogenetic separation between M. condylurus and M. leucostigma was found in all analyses, consistent with their status as phylogenetic species within the genus Mops. There was no clear correlation between haplotype distribution and aspect (east/west-facing slopes), elevation or gender. Low mtDNA variation (cytochrome b and D-loop) and lack of phylogeographic concordance indicates that the observed morphometric variation between eastern and western Mops leucostigma populations may possibly be explained in terms of adaptation to local environmental conditions.
Discovery of a λ Bootis Like Abundance Pattern in the Pulsating Algol-Type System RZ Cassiopeiae

The abundances of eight elements (C through Fe) were determined in the primary star of the short-period Algoltype binary RZ Cas relative to the A3 V spectroscopic standard star α PsA. Definite under-abundances (by −0.45dex or more) of Mg, Si, Ti, Cr, and Fe were established. On the other hand, light elements C and O show solar abundances, and Ca is slightly under-abundant ( ∼− 0.3dex). This abundance pattern demonstrates that RZ Cas shows a characteristic of mild λ Boo-type stars. This finding raises a question on the physical relations between the metallicity (abundance anomaly), the pulsational characteristics, and the mass accretion processes.
Neutral air turbulence and temperatures in the vicinity of polar mesosphere summer echoes

[1] A total of 8 sounding rocket flights with measurements of neutral air turbulence in the upper mesosphere have been performed in the past 10 years with simultaneous and nearly co-located radar measurements of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). These measurements took place close to the rocket ranges in northern Norway (Andoya Rocket Range, 69°N) and in northern Sweden (Esrange, 68°N). A detailed comparison demonstrates that there is no apparent correlation between PMSE and neutral air turbulence and that in fact turbulence is absent in the majority of all PMSE events (no turbulence in 7 out of 10 PMSE layers). This suggests that neutral turbulence and other mechanisms affecting the neutral atmosphere at very small spatial scales play a minor role in creating PMSE, contrary to the speculations published in the literature. The main mechanism for creating PMSE remains unidentified. A comparison of PMSE with simultaneous temperature profiles derived from falling sphere and ionization gauge measurements shows that PMSE are practically always present at altitudes where the temperature is low enough for water ice particles to exist. This supports the general understanding that PMSE are closely related to charged water ice particles. On the other hand, the measurements also demonstrate that low enough temperatures are not sufficient for PMSE to exist. Temperature lapse rates were deduced from the high-altitude-resolution ionization gauge measurements. Within the PMSE layers the temperature lapse rate is typically +1–2 K/km with a rather large variability of ±5–10 K/km. Adiabatic lapse rates have never been found within a PMSE layer, which suggests that turbulence cannot have been active for a substantial period. This again supports the idea that neutral air turbulence plays a minor role in creating PMSE. Probably the only common physical reason for PMSE and turbulence is the background temperature profile, which supports the creation of ice particles (since temperatures are very low) and which provokes the breaking of gravity waves and creation of turbulence since the temperature gradient changes at the mesopause.
Ectopic expression of Crambe abyssinica lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase in transgenic rapeseed increases its oil content

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) is a pivotal enzyme controlling the metabolic flow of lysophosphatidic acid into different phosphatidic acids in diverse organisms. Here we identified and cloned LPAAT from Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R. E. Fries (CaLPAAT, GenBank accession number EF208088). To study its function in vivo, CaLPAAT was introduced into Brassica napus by Agrobacterium. The expression profile of several genes in the glycerolipids synthesis pathway was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Interestingly, higher expression of CaLPAAT led to elevated expression of these genes. Further analysis of the fatty acyl compositions in the self-cross seeds of the T1 generation demonstrated that they were at the similar level in both transgenic plants and their nontransgenic counterparts. However, the total oil content of transgenic seeds was increased. We conclude that CaLPAAT can be ectopically expressed in B. napus and increase its total oil content.
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes and Interracial Interaction: The Moderating Role of Situationally Available Control Resources

The present research examined whether implicit and explicit racial attitudes predict interracial interaction behavior differently as a function of situationally available control resources. Specifically, we investigated how implicit attitudes (Implicit Association Test) and explicit attitudes (Blatant/Subtle prejudice) were related to interracial interaction behaviors of Italians toward an African interviewer (Study 1) and of Germans toward a Turkish interviewer (Study 2). For half of the interview questions, participants' control resources were reduced via a memory task. Across both studies, the Race IAT was more predictive of behavior when participants were taxed than when untaxed. Conversely, explicit attitudes were somewhat more predictive under full resources. Taken together, our findings suggest that available control resources moderate the predictive validity of implicit and explicit attitudes.
EFFECT OF MOLASSES AND CORN AS SILAGE ADDITIVES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTT DWARF ELEPHANT GRASS SILAGE AT DIFFERENT FERMENTATION PERIODS

The aim of the present study was to determine the best stage of cut and to enhance the quality of mott grass silage by the addition of additives. For this purpose, mott grass was obtained at 45 and 60 days of its re-growth, chopped with an average particle length of ½ inches and filled in plastic boxes by mixing two additives (molasses and corn), @ 0, 1, 3 and 5% of the forage dry matter (DM), with three replicates each. In this way, 72 silos for each stage of cut were prepared and kept at room temperature. Three silos of each treatment were opened at each fermentation period (30, 35 and 40 days) for determination of pH and lactic acid contents. The results indicated that mott grass cut at 45 days of its regrowth was the best to harvest maximum nutrients. The addition of molasses @ 3% was found to be the best at 35 days fermentation period. The pH decreased and lactic acid increased with level of additives and fermentation periods. Dry matter and crude protein contents increased to some extent. However, silage without additives showed the highest pH and low lactic acid, indicating the poor quality silage. Similarly, a loss in DM and crude protein was observed in mott grass ensiled without additives. It was concluded that the use of additives such as molasses @ 3% fodder DM is imperative to make quality mott grass silage.
Wunderlich’s syndrome associated with anticoa­ gulant treatment, heart failure, and post‐radiation vasculopathy (RCD code: I‐O)

Background: Wunderlich’s syndrome (WS) is an extremely rare condition, characterised by spontaneous haemorrhage into the subcapsular, perirenal, and retroperitoneal spaces. The most common cause is renal angiomyolipoma. Classic symptoms, such as acute flank pain, flank mass, and hypovolemic shock, known as Lenk’s triad, have limited sensitivity and specificity for detecting WS. High mortality may be related to the difficulties in diagnosis, poor disease recognition, and non‐specific symptoms and signs. Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for the diagnosis of WS. Depending on the severity of symptoms, a conservative or invasive approach is reasonable. Methods and results: We report the case of a 58‐year‐old male with multivalvular heart defect, atrial fibrillation, and exacerbation of chronic heart failure complicated with nontraumatic bleeding into the retroperitoneal space. CT revealed a massive (14x11x26 cm) retroperitoneal and perirenal haematoma. The patient was successfully treated with transfusion of red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and intravenous fluids. Simultaneously, heart failure treatment was initiated. In view of the chronic and idiopathic character of the haematoma and successful conservative treatment, there was no indication for surgery. Discussion: Several factors might have contributed to the bleeding. First, the patient was receiving anticoagulant treatment to reduce the risk of arterial thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation. Another possible cause is post‐radiation vasculopathy, an adverse effect of previous radiation therapy for malignant granuloma. The third factor which could have contributed to bleeding was the exacerbation of chronic heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. JRCD 2019; 4 (2): 51-55.
CHEMICAL CHANGES IN BEAN GRAINS DURING STORAGE IN CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a traditional food in the diet of Brazilians, due to its low fat content and it is rich in vitamins, protein, fiber, carbohydrates and minerals. One of the major problems related to this product is storage without temperature and humidity control, causing quality reduction of this legume. This study aimed to evaluate the effects suffered by cooking time parameters, seed coat color, phytate and minerals (P, Ca, Mg and Mn) content during storage. The grain varieties: BRS Madrepérola, BRS Estilo, BRS Pontal and CNFC 10467, from the pinto group, were stored in hermetic acrylic containers with humidity and temperature controlled for a period of 108 days. All varieties had better results of the parameters studied when they were stored under the condition of 15°C and 45% of RH. The grain stored in the condition of 27°C and 75% of humidity for 108 days showed Hard-to-cook characteristic effect. All minerals studied showed a strong correlation with the cooking time. CNFC 10467 and Madrepérola varieties are more similar, as the parameters examined.
Fat metabolism increases after exercise training in older men, but not women

Background: Reduced fat metabolism (FM) in older persons may be caused by reduced physical activity and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). This study aimed to estimate total body FM in older men and women, and evaluate the extent to which reversing inactivity with an exercise program would improve FM. Methods: VO2peak and FM (inferred from respiratory exchange ratio; RER) in older subjects were compared before and after a progressive 8-week intermittent aerobic exercise program. All participants (42 older women aged 74±3 y and 41 men aged 74±3 y) completed a peak voluntary graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer, and VO2 and RER were measured. Twenty-two older women and 22 men completed 8 weeks of exercise training (3×1 h weekly sessions on a cycle ergometer). Exercise intensity progressed from 40% of the maximal pretest workload to 100% by the end of the program. The remaining subjects served as controls. Results: RER was significantly higher in women (RER=0.49 VO2+0.60) than men (RER=0.27 VO2+0.71; P=0.001). Exercise training increased VO2peak (20% for women, 30% for men) and decreased RER at submaximal VO2 in men (RER=0.21 VO2+0.75 vs. RER=0.27 VO2+0.71), but not women (RER=0.49 VO2+0.60). Conclusion: Although the literature reports that FM is reduced in older men and women, this study demonstrated that, in men, FM was increased after aerobic training, but not in women, despite an increased VO2peak in both.
infection in a rodent model of bordetellosis parapertussis Bordetella Acellular pertussis vaccination facilitates

References ml#ref-list-1 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/early/2010/02/26/rspb.2010. 0010.full. ht This article cites 49 articles, 21 of which can be accessed free P<P Published online 3 March 2010 in advance of the print journal. Subject collections (234 articles) health and disease and epidemiology  (1569 articles) evolution  (1310 articles) ecology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON BRAND EQUITY OF ONLINE COMPANIES

Social Media is a prominent marketing tool profoundly used by E-Businesses to draw the attention of the online target audience that could be converted to direct traffic. However, the non-exclusivity of social media has created a unique issue for virtual enterprises that are entirely depending on digital media. The main emphasis of this study is to appreciate the significance of Social Media Marketing in promoting the Brand Equity of E-Commerce enterprises. The empirical study is based on Kapruka.Com; Sri Lanka’s largest online gift shop with the aim of identifying the casual relationship between social media marketing and brand equity. An online questionnaire has been employed to collect the data during the survey. Evident by findings, there is a significant relationship between social media marketing and brand equity of online companies. The study contributes to the marketing practitioners in terms of enhancing the brand value by identifying and exploiting the main attributes of social media marketing.
Site specific Aerosol Optical Thickness characteristics over Mysore

As a part of Indian Space Research Organization’s RESPOND programme, a study has been carried out on clear sky days of the winter months December 2005 and January 2006. Spectral Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) were measured with a MICROTOPS II sun photometer at four sites of specific topography: a hill top, busy downtown, a calm water bed, and university campus with greenery. These sites are situated within the urban agglomeration of Mysore, a low latitude (12.3°N) continental location. Daytime decreasing trend in AOT was observed. Forenoon-afternoon asymmetry was exhibited at all the sites. These features were also found to be site-specific in nature. The present work focuses on the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols at different sites located in and around Mysore City. The future interest is to cover some more sites around Mysore City having varied aerosol characteristics.