Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Founding Team and Start-up Competitive Advantage

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to link founding team and start‐up competitive advantage in the context of the Taiwanese technology‐based ventures.Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyzes 211 start‐ups in the technology‐based sector and verifies the relationship between entrepreneur resources, trust, founding team partners' commitments, and start‐up competitive advantage.Findings – In technology‐based start‐ups, the competitive advantage of a start‐up is determined by the founding team partners' commitments and the resources that an entrepreneur possesses.Research limitations/implications – The study is retrospective, which relies on technology‐based founding team members as the primary research subjects. Some respondents may observe the performance of their start‐ups today and then make attributions about the past to explain that performance.Practical implications – Utilization of personal networks is important in the early stage of technology‐based start‐ups; throug.
Look‐up tables for protein solvent accessibility prediction and nearest neighbor effect analysis

We developed dictionaries of two‐, three‐, and five‐residue patterns in proteins and computed the average solvent accessibility of the central residues in their native proteins. These dictionaries serve as a look‐up table for making subsequent predictions of solvent accessibility of amino acid residues. We find that predictions made in this way are very close to those made using more sophisticated methods of solvent accessibility prediction. We also analyzed the effect of immediate neighbors on the solvent accessibility of residues. This helps us in understanding how the same residue type may have different accessible surface areas in different proteins and in different positions of the same protein. We observe that certain residues have a tendency to increase or decrease the solvent accessibility of their neighboring residues in C‐ or N‐terminal positions. Interestingly, the C‐terminal and N‐terminal neighbor residues are found to have asymmetric roles in modifying solvent accessibility of residues. As expected, similar neighbors enhance the hydrophobic or hydrophilic character of residues. Detailed look‐up tables are provided on the web at www.netasa. org/look‐up/. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Magnesium and phosphate enrichment of culture medium stimulates the proliferation of epidermal cells from newborn and adult mice

The proliferation and differentiation of mouse epidermal cells can be sequentially analyzed by modification of extracellular calcium. Newborn cells cultured in low calcium medium (<0.1 mM) proliferate as a monolayer and maintain a typical basal cell phenotype in culture but have a limited proliferative capacity and short lifespan. Elevation of the magnesium content of the culture med um from 1 to 5 mM stimulated the proliferation of newborn mouse (1–3 days old) keratinocytes. Maximal DNA synthesis rates, as determined on day 5 of culture, were up to 2–3‐fold higher in the magnesium‐enriched cultures. Exposure to high magnesium caused 3–4‐fold increases in the DNA content of newborn keratinocyte cultures, and extended the confluent phase of epidermal cell growth to over 10 days. Other divalent cations (strontium, copper, zinc, nickel, beryllium, and barium) did not improve keratinocyte growth in culture. Keratinocytes from the tail skin of adult (3 months old) mice displayed an absolute requirement for high phosphate in the culture medium. The medium containing an optimal (10 mM) phosphate concentration prevented the cell detachment caused by the standard low (1 mM) phosphate medium, and in combination with an elevated magnesium content (10–15 mM) it markedly increased both DNA synthesis rates and DNA content of the adult cell cultures. Optimally growing, newborn or adult cultures contained less cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and more cells in S and G2+ M. The addition of phosphate and magnesium per se did not induce keratinocyte differentiation and did not interfere with the high calcium (1 mM)‐induced differentiation.
Barriers to small business creations in India

This paper seeks to extend the studies of Hatala (2005) and Choo and Wong (2006) related to the barriers to new venture creations. In addition, this paper seeks to extend the study of Dana (2000) related to creating entrepreneurs in India. Individuals from India were surveyed to find out the barriers to small business creations. This study utilised survey research (a non-experimental field study design). Findings indicate that lack of capital, lack of skills, perception on capital losses, lack of confidence, and compliance costs create barriers to start-up a new small business in India. This paper offers useful insights for the Indian Government and investment advisors based on empirical evidence.
Public Assessments of Gubernatorial Performance

Scholarly attention to public evaluations of governors has focused almost exclusively on individual voting decisions. Such an approach has allowed scholars to identify the factors that lead voters to support and oppose incumbent governors. However, such analyses deal with assessments of governors solely at election time, potentially overlooking some factors that influence assessments of governors and overstating others. The authors develop a model of public approval of gubernatorial performance and test it on a cross-section of governors. Their results suggest that only in an election year does the public hold the governor responsible for having presided over tax increases. Similarly, only in an election period does a strong institutional power base result in higher approval ratings for governors. Outside of the campaign context, neither tax increases nor institutional power makes a dent in governors' job ratings.
Market Transparency and the Accounting Regime

We model the interaction of financial market transparency and different accounting regimes. This paper provides a theoretical rationale for the recently proposed shift in accounting standards from historic cost accounting to marking to market. The paper shows that marking to market can provide investors with an early warning mechanism while historical cost gives management a “veil” under which they can potentially mask a firm’s true economic performance. The model provides new explanations for several empirical findings and has some novel implications. We show that greater opacity in financial markets leads to more frequent and more severe crashes in asset prices (under a historic-cost-accounting regime). Moreover, our model indicates that historic cost accounting can make the financial market more rather than less volatile, which runs counter to conventional wisdom. The mechanism shown in the model also sheds light on the cause of many financial scandals in recent years.
Metabolic and Cardiac Autonomic Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training Protocol in Wistar Rats

Deus, AP, Oliveira, CR, Simões, RP, Baldissera, V, Silva, CA, Rossi, BRO, Sousa, HCD, Parizotto, NA, Arena, R, and Borghi-Silva, A. Metabolic and cardiac autonomic effects of high-intensity resistance training protocol in Wistar rats. J Strength Cond Res 26(3): 618–624, 2012—The aim of this study was to assess the effects of metabolic and autonomic nervous control on high-intensity resistance training (HRT) as determined by pancreatic glucose sensitivity (GS), insulin sensitivity (IS), blood lactate ([La]), and heart rate variability (HRV) in rats. Thirty male, albino Wistar rats (292 ± 20 g) were divided into 3 groups: sedentary control (SC), low-resistance training (LRT), and HRT. The animals in the HRT group were submitted to a high-resistance protocol with a progressively increasing load relative to body weight until exhaustion, whereas the LRT group performed the same exercise regimen with no load progression. The program was conducted 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The [La], parameters related to the functionality of pancreatic tissue, and HRV were measured. There was a significant increase in peak [La] only in the HRT group, but there was a reduction in [La] when corrected to the maximal load in both trained groups (LRT and HRT, p < 0.05). Both trained groups exhibited an increase in IS; however, compared with SC and LRT, HRT demonstrated a significantly higher GS posttraining (p < 0.05). With respect to HRV, the low-frequency (LF) band, in milliseconds squared, reduced in both trained groups, but the high-frequency band, in milliseconds squared and nu, increased, and the LF in nu, decreased only in the HRT group (p < 0.05). The HRT protocol produced significant and beneficial metabolic and cardiac autonomic adaptations. These results provide evidence for the positive benefits of HRT in counteracting metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction.
Off the Hook: Measuring the Impact of Mobile Telephone Use on Economic Development of Households in Uganda using Copulas

Abstract It is now widely understood that mobile phone use has beneficial effects on development in developing countries, but little is known about the effects at the household level. We examine the impact of mobile telephone use on household income using a unique cross-sectional data set from Uganda. We use a novel econometric technique to handle endogeneity, which models the correlation between the endogenous regressor and the error term with copulas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the copula method has been applied in the economic development literature. We find a positive impact of mobile phone use on income.
On Equilibrium Determinacy in New Keynesian Models with Staggered Wage and Price Setting

This paper shows that an analytical analysis of the determinacy properties of the New Keynesian model with both staggered wages and prices is possible, despite the high dimensional nature (4D) of this model, if it is appropriately reformulated in continuous time. Our analysis supports Gali's (2008) numerical findings on the determinacy frontier and its reformulated Taylor principle, where a generalized Taylor rule that employs a weighted combination of wage and price inflation as a measure of the inflation gap is used.
An Examination of Borrower Orientation and Scale Effects in UK Credit Unions

At present there are 597 credit unions operating within the UK with their growth, be it defined in term of new credit union establishment, asset growth or membership growth, placing them as the fasting growing financial grouping in the UK over this last decade. The fundamental motivation of a credit union is to provide financial services to its membership, in particular a depository for savings and an access to consumer credit. As a practical problem there are, however, a number of reasons why credit unions may achieve a less than perfect balance in the treatment of borrowers and savers. For example, maintaining low loan rates may reduce the credit union’s ability to offer high dividend rates while the maintenance of high dividend rates may require higher loan rates. Consequently, the competing pull of these two objectives may result in the emergence of conflict between those credit union members who on the one hand are net savers and those that are net borrowers. If such conflict does emerge it is then likely to place in jeopardy other aspects of a credit union’s function most notably their role as financial counsellors and promoters of thrift within low income communities. The approach taken in this study is to derive an index of member group imbalance and then to employ this index to determine whether member group imbalance has an adverse impact upon the generation of total benefits by individual credit unions. The analysis demonstrates that there is a strong pro-borrower bias in the operation of UK credit unions with this pro-borrower bias driven by the regulatory environment within which they operate.
Is Private Farming More Efficient than Socialized Agriculture

This paper examines the technical efficiency of state and private farms in Poland for the period 1960-74. The author s find that the average technical efficiency of the two types of farms does not differ, although the dispersion of efficiency levels is greater among state farms than among private ones. The authors do fi nd clear evidence of allocative inefficiency, with state farms oversupplied with fertilizer and machinery. Copyright 1993 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Experiments in financial democracy: corporate governance and financial development in Brazil, 1882–1950

consequences of methodological choices and enticing controversies that eventually put into question theoretical assumptions. From this point of view, the subtitle is really fitting to the content of the book, which is in fact a political history of economic statistics, showing how much politics there is inside the technical calculations of price indexes. The final proposal Stapleford puts forward for a new institutional organisation of official statistics is interesting, in particular as he suggests the need to train statisticians attuned to recognise where judgements with political valence could enter into technical calculations. In this perspective, history could play a primary role. Given the interdisciplinary nature of its object, the book spans different fields, resorting to a widely diverse background literature in the history of administration, in labour history and in the history of economic and statistical thinking. From a theoretical point of view, references cover the historical and philosophical debates on quantification and objectivity, but also a discussion of alternative approaches to the measurement of the cost of living. Existing historical reconstructions of BLS history are put under close scrutiny, often proposing alternative explanations of the events based on primary sources including official records, private correspondence and oral history archives. Stapleford cleverly puts together these materials to attain a ‘thick description’ of how statistical measures were built and changed over time, convincingly supporting his general argument. The book offers business historians some interesting insights into the motivations pushingGeneralMotors and other corporations to adopt COLAs in the late 1940s and 1950s, or on the role business-connected economists played both in the 1960s and in the 1980s in favouring the adoption of a measure of inflation taking into account the improvements in the quality of products, as part of their argument to reject anti-trust charges to suppress competition. From a more general perspective, however, the business side of the cost-of-living story is a bit neglected. To some extent, the reason lies in the lack of specific sources, for instance the archival records of BRAC meetings are not available, while LRAC ones are. But also Stapleford’s previous specialisation in labour history perhaps has a role in explaining his preference for public and labourrelated materials, considering that the nature of business sources requires specific expertise to exploit them successfully. It is not a fault of the book, however: I am convinced that an almost unexplored field is still open for business historians in the study of the relationship between business and statistics.
Serial Correlation in Management Earnings Forecast Errors

We examine whether management earnings forecast errors exhibit serial correlation and how analysts understand the serial correlation property of management forecast errors. Management forecast errors should not exhibit serial correlation if managers efficiently process information in prior forecast errors and truthfully convey their earnings expectations through management forecasts. However, for long-horizon management forecasts of annual earnings, we find significantly positive serial correlation in management forecast errors, and sample self-selection does not seem to drive this phenomenon. Further analyses suggest that managers’ unintentional information processing bias contributes to this positive serial correlation. Analysts anticipate the inter-temporal persistence of management forecast errors but underestimate the persistence level when reacting to management forecasts. Our findings have implications for market participants who rely on management forecasts to form earnings expectations, and also shed light on the efficiency of managerial decision making.
To Treaty or Not to Treaty? Aboriginal Peoples and Comprehensive Land Claims Negotiations in Canada

Although the federal comprehensive land claims (CLC) process has become an almost hegemonic paradigm of government-Aboriginal relations in Canada, this article argues that Aboriginal groups should consider abandoning the CLC process if they have not been able to make significant progress towards completing treaties. Previously, many Aboriginal groups had no better option but to negotiate CLC treaties to achieve their goals. Now, however, a number of institutional developments have given Aboriginal groups a range of other options that are worth pursuing instead of CLC treaties. These developments are: Two judicial decisions handed down in 2004 and the emergence of three policy instruments outside of the treaty process: Self-government agreements, bilateral agreements, and the First Nations Land Management Act. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Promoting Simultaneous Onset of Viral Gene Expression Among Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus-1

Synchronous viral infection facilitates the study of viral gene expression, viral host interactions, and viral replication processes. However, the protocols for achieving synchronous infections were hardly ever tested in proper temporal resolution at the single-cell level. We set up a fluorescence-based, time lapse microscopy assay to study sources of variability in the timing of gene expression during herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection. We found that with the common protocol, the onset of gene expression within different cells can vary by more than 3 h. We showed that simultaneous viral genome entry to the nucleus can be achieved with a derivative of the previously characterized temperature sensitive mutant tsB7, however, this did not improve gene expression synchrony. We found that elevating the temperature in which the infection is done and increasing the multiplicity of infection (MOI) significantly promoted simultaneous onset of viral gene expression among infected cells. Further, elevated temperature result in a decrease in the coefficient of variation (a standardized measure of dispersion) of viral replication compartments (RCs) sizes among cells as well as a slight increment of viral late gene expression synchrony. We conclude that simultaneous viral gene expression can be improved by simple modifications to the infection process and may reduce the effect of single-cell variability on population-based assays.
Outcome of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency after diagnosis

BACKGROUND Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is the most common inborn error of fatty acid metabolism. Undiagnosed, it has a mortality rate of 20–25%. Neonatal screening for the disorder is now possible but it is not known whether this would alter the prognosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the outcome of MCAD deficiency after the diagnosis has been established. METHOD All patients with a proved diagnosis of MCAD deficiency attending one centre in a four year period were reviewed. RESULTS Forty one patients were identified. Follow up was for a median of 6.7 years (range, 9 months to 14 years). Nearly half of the patients were admitted to hospital with symptoms characteristic of MCAD deficiency before the correct diagnosis was made. After diagnosis, two patients were admitted to hospital with severe encephalopathy but there were no additional deaths or appreciable morbidity. There was a high incidence (about one fifth) of previous sibling deaths among the cohort. CONCLUSIONS Undiagnosed, MCAD deficiency results in considerable mortality and morbidity. However, current management improves outcome, supporting the view that the disorder should be included in newborn screening programmes.
Effects of the user participation process and task meaningfulness on key information system outcomes

In this study, 144 professional accounting data entry clerks took part in a fully randomized field experiment using a 4 mode of participation × 2 task meaningfulness design. Participants were full-time, mandatory users of payroll applications. The nature of the experiment engaged these users in hands-on activity Hartwick and Barki [Hartwick, J., H. Barki. 1994. Explaining the role of user participation in information system use. Management Sci.40 440-465. ] regarding the development of a payroll input screen. User mode of participation was manipulated by varying the extent of decision input used to execute hands-on activity in accordance with procedural justice theory. Perceptions of decision control, procedural justice, and outcome satisfaction, as well as objective levels of task performance escalated with corresponding increases in decision input. Task meaningfulness was manipulated by creating either high or low expectations of using the payroll input screen in the near future. As the development task became more meaningful, procedural justice, decision control, task commitment, and task performance responses also increased. An underlying theoretical model of treatment effects was tested using path analysis which supported the control-oriented theory of procedural justice. The strong attitudinal and behavioral results observed in this experiment enhance understanding of the user participation and involvement model proposed by Hartwick and Barki Hartwick, J., H. Barki. 1994. Explaining the role of user participation in information system use. Management Sci.40 440-465. by incorporating process considerations from procedural justice theory into their framework. Implications of this research are discussed.
Prospects for a European Animal Welfare Label from the German Perspective: Supply Chain Barriers

The Federal Government of Germany as well as the European Commission are discussing the establishment of an animal welfare label. This label should enable consumers to make a conscious purchasing decision on animal welfare products. Various studies show that many consumers (in Germany around 20 %) prefer products produced under animal friendly conditions. However, the supply of such products is limited. The following study examines the source of this discrepancy by way of an action‐based analytical approach and identifies different barriers within the supply chain that prevent the establishment of a market segment for animal welfare products. Although consumer demand will be decisive for long‐term success, first of all the stakeholders of the supply chain must be convinced. If the stakeholders are not prepared to participate in an animal welfare program the diffusion phase can take a very long time or even fail. This study presents such supply chain barriers and interprets them in the light of neoinstitutionalism.