Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating Saudi Learners’ Preferences for Giving and Receiving Macro and/or Micro Level Peer Feedback on Their Writing

Several studies have addressed the subject of the preferences of L2 student-writers for receiving teacher feedback (FB) on macro level features (feedback related to meaning) and micro level features (feedback related to surface level issues); however, none of these have investigated their preferences when it comes to giving and receiving peer feedback (PF). In the present study, two forms of the peer feedback technique were introduced in two consecutive phases: in phase one the students practised providing both macro and micro peer feedback on five essays, while in phase two they provided only macro feedback to their fellow students while the teacher supplied the micro feedback. The participants were 41 EFL undergraduate Saudi students undertaking an English programme at a Saudi higher tertiary institution. The study adopted a one-group design for the data collection. A mixed method approach was employed using pre-, mid- and post-questionnaires, mid- and post-interviews, and also recording verbal protocol sessions while the participants provided peer feedback to one another. The findings of the study suggested that the participants had a preference for giving and receiving peer feedback on both levels. However, it also appeared that their responses may have been affected by the way they had been taught in the past.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF SMALLMOUTH BASS ESTIMATED AND EVALUATED FROM FAMILY‐SPECIFIC DNA FINGERPRINTS

This paper presents the results of the first attempt to estimate and identify factors influencing individual reproductive success in a fish species, under natural conditions, after the progeny have dispersed from their site of origin. Using family-specific DNA fingerprints, the reproductive success of male smallmouth bass in Lake Opeongo, Ontario was estimated and evaluated at the point when their offspring were fall young-of-the-year (YOY). For the 1992 spring spawning season, we generated family-specific fingerprints using DNA of fry captured from 116 nests in Jones Bay. In the fall of the same year, 283 YOY were captured by electrofishing along the shoreline of the study area. Using DNA obtained from fin tissue, a fingerprint was generated for each fall YOY and compared to the family fingerprints to determine the family of origin. Males were considered successful if at least one of their offspring survived to the fall YOY stage. Although 27.7% of all males who acquired eggs (N = 57) had at least one of.
A catchment scale water balance model for FIFE

A catchment scale water balance model is presented and used to predict evaporation from the King's Creek catchment at the First ISLSCP Field Experiment site on the Konza Prairie, Kansas. The model incorporates spatial variability in topography, soils, and precipitation to compute the land surface hydrologie fluxes. A network of 20 rain gages was employed to measure rainfall across the catchment in the summer of 1987. These data were spatially interpolated and used to drive the model during storm periods. During interstorm periods the model was driven by the estimated potential evaporation, which was calculated using net radiation data collected at site 2. Model-computed evaporation is compared to that observed, both at site 2 (grid location 1916-BRS) and the catchment scale, for the simulation period from June 1 to October 9, 1987.
Touching a mechanical body

A large literature describes the use of robots' physical bodies to support communication with people. Touch is a natural channel for physical interaction, yet it is not understood how principles of interpersonal touch might carry over to a robot. Exploring how interpersonal rules surrounding body accessibility and touch apply to a robot is critical toward understanding the extent to which people treat the act of touching body regions as a sign of closeness---even if the body belongs to a robot---and is important to the field of humanoid social robotics. Thirty-one students participated in an interactive anatomy lesson with a small, humanoid robot. Participants either touched or pointed to an anatomical region of the robot in each of 26 trials while their skin conductance response was measured. Touching less accessible regions of a robot's body (e.g., its buttocks and genitals) was more physiologically arousing than touching more accessible regions (e.g., its hands and feet). No differences in physiological arousal were found when just pointing to those same anatomical regions. A social robot elicited tactile responses in human physiology, a result that signals people treat touching body parts as an act of closeness in itself that does not require a human recipient. The power of touching a humanoid body with identifiable body parts should caution mechanical and interaction designers about the positive and negative effects of human-robot interaction.
Life Sustainability of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Fishes on Implication of Distillery Spentwash

Management and conservation of grass-carp fishes was made with different concentration of primary treated spentwash (PTSW) (0.1% to 1.2%) in water. Spentwash was analyzed for its physico-chemical parameters. Fingerlings fishes (obtained from V.C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka), Â were divided into 13 groups (G1 to G13) of 10 each and keeping G1 as â€˜control unitâ€™, G2 to G13 were exposed Â Â to different concentrations of primary treated Â spentwash for a period of 6 days Â Â in different aquariums of Â 36â€ x 15â€ x 18â€ size. It was found that all fishes behaved normally up to 1.1% spentwash, thereafter, they behaved abnormally and could not sustain for longer time and eventually died. Â This is due to high BOD and COD, ammonical nitrogen and also due to the insufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) for natural respiration at higher concentration of spentwash. Â The â€˜mortality rateâ€™ (MR) was 100% in G13 (1.2% spentwash) and 25.5% in G12 (1.1% spentwash) after 12 hr exposure, and in G2 to G11 MR was 0% even after exposure of 6 days. Â Implication of distillery spentwash into water bodies at higher concentration results deleterious effect on the life of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) fishes.
Caracterización de especies arbóreas y arbustivas forrajeras en clima semiárido del sur de Mozambique

Con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento de especies forrajeras arboreas y arbustivas en clima semiarido se desarrollo un experimento, con corte y en secano, con Gliricidia sepium , Leucaena leucocephala , Leucaena pallida , Moringa oleifera, Senna siamea y Morus alba . El diseno fue de bloques al azar, con cuatro replicas, y se utilizaron parcelas de 12 m 2 . En verano, L. leucocephala , L. pallida , S. siamea y M. alba produjeron mas de 12 t de MS por hectarea como promedio; mientras que en invierno se obtuvieron entre 9,38 y 11,62 t/ha, excepto en M. oleifera (5,49 t/ha). Los intervalos de corte variaron entre 62 y 65 dias en verano; mientras que en invierno aumentaron hasta 102 y 117 dias en G. sepium y M. oleifera , respectivamente, y oscilaron entre 81 y 92 dias para el resto de las especies. El porcentaje de hojas fue superior en invierno y en ello sobresalio S. siamea (62 y 69 % en verano e invierno, respectivamente). Durante el invierno se obtuvo una alta produccion de MS, en lo cual se destacaron G. sepium, M. alba y S. siamea (47-50 %). Se confirmo el buen comportamiento de estas especies arboreas y arbustivas en condiciones semiaridas, con rendimientos de MS superiores a 12 t/ha y una produccion estable durante el ano. Se recomienda incluirlas en investigaciones con animales en sistemas silvopastoriles y bancos de proteina; asi como utilizar otros marcos de siembra en funcion de mejorar su potencial productivo.
ROLE OF MDCT IN EVALUATION OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE OF THE LOWER LIMB ARTERIES AND COMPARISON WITH COLOUR DOPPLER

ABSTRACT: AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of MDCT angiography and colour doppler ultrasonography to diagnose peripheral vascular disease in the lower limb. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative study included 30 patients with PAD who underwent colour doppler ultrosonography and MDCT angiography at the department of Radio-Diagnosis at K. S. Hegde Medical Academy following which their data was compared and analyzed with respect to wall calcification, wall thickening, stenosis and colllaterals. RESULTS: In our study involving 30 patients in finding the agreement between the Doppler and MDCT of the lower limb arteries, the detection of calcification, stenosis, collaterals were significantly better in MDCT with a p value of <0.001. The detection of wall thickening was better in Colour Doppler. CONCLUSION: Imaging plays an important role in the management of the patients with peripheral arterial disease. Due to the limitations of the doppler ultrasound, CT Angiography is used prior to any vascular intervention is required in PAD. Doppler is also an effective tool which can detect the lesions to a comparable extent when no intervention is planned.
The influence of polyethylene glycol inclusion in Vachellia tortilis leaf meal on nitrogen balance in growing pigs

The incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a tannin binding agent, in high tannin feedstuff is known to prevent tannin-protein complexes. Environmental contamination with nitrogen-containing products in manure is a topical issue in the tropics. The objective of the study was to determine the extent to which the incorporation of PEG in Vachellia tortilis leaf meal improved nitrogen balance, serum iron, and phosphorus in growing pigs. Forty-eight clinically healthy male PIC pigs (31.3 ± 1.28 kg; Landrace x Large White) were allotted to individual pens in a completely randomized design, with eight pigs per treatment. They were offered a diet that contained 150 g V. tortilis /kg dry matter (DM). The diets were treated with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g PEG/kg. As PEG inclusion increased, serum iron concentration also rose until it reached a plateau. Nitrogen (N) utilisation and retention significantly increased linearly with PEG inclusion. Nitrogen excretion through faeces and urine significantly decreased linearly when increasing the amount of PEG in V. tortilis leaf meal in feed offered to pigs. Nitrogen utilization significantly increased linearly as the inclusion of PEG rose. It can be concluded that the inclusion of PEG increased N balance. Keywords: average daily gain, nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention, phytate, polyphenolic compounds
Iodine versus Bromine Functionalization for Bottom-Up Graphene Nanoribbon Growth: Role of Diffusion

Deterministic bottom-up approaches for synthesizing atomically well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) largely rely on the surface-catalyzed activation of selected labile bonds in a molecular precursor followed by step-growth polymerization and cyclodehydrogenation. While the majority of successful GNR precursors rely on the homolytic cleavage of thermally labile C–Br bonds, the introduction of weaker C–I bonds provides access to monomers that can be polymerized at significantly lower temperatures, thus helping to increase the flexibility of the GNR synthesis process. Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging of molecular precursors, activated intermediates, and polymers resulting from stepwise thermal annealing of both Br and I substituted precursors for chevron GNRs reveals that the polymerization of both precursors proceeds at similar temperatures on Au(111). This surprising observation is consistent with diffusion-controlled polymerization of the surface-stabilized radical intermediates that emerge from .
Genetic relationship between milk dry matter and other milk traits in extended lactations of Polish Holstein cows.

The objective of this research was to examine heritabilities and genetic, phenotypic and per - manent environmental relationships between milk dry matter (DM) and milk traits such as milk, fat, pro - tein and lactose yields, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and somatic cell score (SCS) in extended (to 395 days) lactations of Holstein cows from a big farm in Poland. The data set consisted of 78 059 test day records from the first, second and third lactations of 3 792 cows, daughters of 210 sires and 1 677 dams. Single- or two-trait random regression models were used with fixed effects of calving year, calving month, dry period and calving interval and random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. The last two fixed effects were not included in the analysis of first lactation data. The highest values of heritabilities for all traits, except DM, were observed in the second lactation. First lactation heritabilities for all traits - except milk yield and SCS - were smaller than those in the third lactation. Lactose yield was highly heritable, with average h equal to 0.25, 0.29 and 0.28 in lactations 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Heritability for DM was slightly lower than that for lactose (0.22, 0.26 and 0.28 for lactations 1, 2 and 3, respectively). In all lactations herit - abilities for SCS were below 0.1. Genetic correlations between DM and milk yield (0.64-0.74) were lower than those between MUN and milk yield (0.67-0.79) as well as between lactose and milk yield (0.72-0.82). In general, DM was much more closely correlated with fat or protein yield (0.55-0.79) than with MUN or lactose (0.38-0.76). Only in the third lactation the correlation between DM and protein (0.72) was lower than between lactose and protein (0.76). For all lactations there were very high genetic correlations between DM and lactose (0.96-0.98) and high correlations between DM and MUN (0.63-0.83) and between lactose and MUN (0.70-0.85). The results suggest that further research is needed, focused on DM and its relationship with other traits in larger populations.
Evapotranspiration and control mechanisms in managed Amazonian forest in, Par, Brazil

This work examines whether management causes changes in evapotranspiration (ET) surface conductance (gs), aerodynamic conductance (ga) and the decoupling factor (Ω) in managed and natural forest sites in a tropical rain forest in the Amazon. The study was conducted in the Tapajos National Forest (FNT) in managed (logged) and natural (unlogged) forests, which have micrometeorological towers for data capture. For ET estimation, the Penman-Monteith (PM) and Eddy Covariance (EC) equations were used. The models were significantly different only for unlogged (PM 134.9±15.9 mm.month-1 and EC 100.9±11.1 mm.month-1), while the means of the logged site were PM 111.1±15.7 mm.month-1 and EC 108.5±18.3 mm.month-1. Each area has different characteristics for the surface variables, ga, gs and Ω, and therefore the sites were different from each other for the study variables. However, logged ET did not differ for the PM, while EC decreased in the year after the management intervention, and was then followed by an increase. Key words: Tapajos, water vapor, surface, aerodynamic conductance, decoupling factor.
Enterococcus faecalis Cell-Free Supernatant Inhibits Hyphal Morphogenesis and Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans

Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans are two of the most significant opportunistic and intricate nosocomial pathogens. They reside overlapping niches as major constituents of the gastrointestinal (GI) and oral microbiome. This study was designed to investigate the interaction between these two opportunistic pathogens that could affect treatment strategies and influence the interkingdom signaling and sensing in the microbiome conceptions. E. faecalis was isolated from 150 samples collected from human urine, cattle raw milk, milk products and chicken intestine and identified by both the routine microbiological and molecular identification methods based on 16S rRNA gene. Isolates susceptibility to nine antimicrobials was analyzed using the disk-diffusion method and E. faecalis isolates showed multidrug resistance. Most of C. albicans isolates were able to form biofilm with different intensities. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) of E. faecalis was purified and tested against C. albicans and/or biofilm formation.It inhibited the growth of C. albicans and their ﬁlamentation with regards to bioﬁlm formation in vitro. The data presented here demonstrated the potential antifungal activity of E. faecalis CFS and could explain the biological interaction between these two microbes in one hand and the possibility of using E. faecalis CFS as a biological product to control yeast infection in the other hand.
Effect of Aqueous Moringa Oleifera (Lam) Leaf Extracts on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Hubbard Broiler Chicken

Two hundred and forty day old broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (AMOLE) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken. The birds were randomly allocated into six treatments with four replicates, and each replicate containing 10 broiler chicks; the CRD was used. The treatments contained AMOLE 0+ (positive control with antibiotic treatment), AMOLE 0-(negative control with ordinary water), AMOLE 60 (60 ml/l), AMOLE 90 (90 ml/l), AMOLE 120 (120 ml/l) and AMOLE 150 (150 ml/l) inclusion levels of AMOLE, respectively. Birds on positive control had the highest final body weight and growth rate (2392.00 g and 53.61 g respectively) and the ones on 150 ml/l of AMOLE had the least (2042.00 g and 45.37 g respectively). Results of feed intake showed that birds on positive control had the highest (84.70 g) and the ones on 90 ml/litre of AMOLE had the lowest (73.19 g); while the results of feed conversion ratio indicated that birds on AMOLE 90 and AMOLE 120 performed better than the positive control treatment. Birds on the AMOLE had similar dressing percentages though that of positive control was highest (94.93 %); while those on AMOLE 60 and AMOLE 150 had the highest large intestine and lung weights respectively. Aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extract can be included up to 90 ml/litre in the drinking water of broiler chicken for reduced feed intake (12.83 %) and improved feed conversion efficiency (9.11) thus, AMOLE can be used to replace synthetic antibiotics as growth promoter.
Transparency and stock price volatility: european evidence

This paper studies the key determinants of the info rmation transparency and its consequences for the market, namely in what concern s the stock price volatility, analysing the disclosure practices of two European countries. A transparency and a volatility model are applied. Based on annual reports information, w e could not find any significant relationship between transparency and volatility. H owever, considering the quarterly reports, we find a negative relation between these variables for the second quarter, suggesting that the higher the transparency, the lo wer the stock price volatility. This research contributes to the recent literature on th e information transparency and stock price volatility, analysing two small European countries that are clearly in need of research.
Dental status of children with special needs in Banjaluka

Introduction. Dental status in people with special needs is generally non satisfactory. Children with special needs have difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene, they require special conditions for dental care and because of previous negative experience they often show emotional vulnerability. Development of oral and dental diseases in these subjects is the consequence of insufficient knowledge about the causes of these diseases, poor eating habits, low level of oral hygiene and inadequate number of visits to dentist. The aim of this study was to determine dental status and the prevalence of dental caries in children with special needs in the institution “Zastiti me” in Banjaluka. Material and Methods. The study included 82 children (53 boys and 29 girls) with mixed and permanent dentition age 5-15 years. They were divided into four groups according to their diagnosis. The first group included children with combined disorders of speech development and hearing, in the second group were children who had neurological disorders without mental retardation, third group included children with mild mental retardation and fourth group comprised children with moderate mental retardation. For each patient the number of teeth, the presence of caries and restorations, the number of extracted teeth, the presence of residual roots and the presence and number of fixed restorations were recorded. Results. Mean DMFT of all teeth was 9.77. Detailed analysis showed the greatest number of decayed teeth (83.83%), and filled teeth (9.52%) whereas the least number was for extracted teeth (6.65%). The highest percentage of children (79.27%) did not have any class I composite filling or one amalgam filling class I (82.92%). Only one child had a fixed restoration. Conclusion. The status of teeth in children with special needs in the institution “Zastiti me” in Banjaluka indicated high percentage of carious teeth, small percentage of restorations and extracted teeth, and inadequate oral hygiene.
Gene Expression Analysis in Aspergillus flavus Identified a Gene, ahpA, Involved in Protection Against Organic Peroxides.

Schwartzburg, Kimberly Ann. Gene expression analysis in Aspergillus flavus identified a gene, ahpA, involved in protection against organic peroxides. (Under the direction of Gary A. Payne.) Secondary metabolism in some members of the genus Aspergillus includes the production of aflatoxin, a secondary metabolite that is both immunosuppressive and carcinogenic to animals and humans. A. flavus, in particular, is well known for its ability to contaminate stored food products and to accumulate high levels of aflatoxin in these products. The fungus is also able to infect plants such as corn, cotton, peanuts, and tree nuts long before harvest. Extensive research has been conducted on A. flavus in areas such as population biology, ecology, pathogenicity, genetics, and genomics. The aflatoxin biosynthetic cluster has been sequenced, and researchers have identified regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of aflatoxin production. In spite of the large volume of research in this area, however, many unanswered questions remain concerning the genetic regulation of aflatoxin production and the molecular signals that intimately associate the synthesis of aflatoxin with specific environmental and nutritional conditions. In an effort to identify genes whose expression is affected by growth and aflatoxin production, a wild type strain of A. flavus was compared to a fadA mutant strain using a cDNA microarray enriched for genes temporally differentially expressed with respect to aflatoxin production. HPLC measurements confirmed that the wild type strain produced high levels of aflatoxin, while the fadA mutant strain was unable to synthesize any detectable level of the toxin. Hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes produced three clusters of genes induced in the wild type strain that contained known aflatoxin genes as well as other genes with no established role in secondary metabolism. A large cluster of genes induced in the fadA mutant strain included 15 ribosomal genes as well as genes showing homology to an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (Ahp1p) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in protection against oxidative stress. In order to further characterize this gene in A. flavus, designated ahpA, and its corresponding homolog in A. nidulans, the two genes were overexpressed in a S. cerevisiae AHP1 mutant strain. Transformants were tested against a range of concentrations of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to determine whether the genes from A. flavus and A. nidulans could protect against the sensitivity to TBHP observed in the mutant strain. Results indicated that although the protection was not as effective as that conferred by the native AHP1 gene, ahpA and the A. nidulans AHP1 homolog were able to protect the yeast cells against toxicity induced by exposure to TBHP. GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS IN ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS IDENTIFIED A GENE, AHPA, INVOLVED IN PROTECTION AGAINST ORGANIC PEROXIDES