Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Menores infractores y consumo de drogas: perfil psicosocial y delictivo

espanolEn el articulo se presentan los resultados de una investigacion, en la que se analizan los expedientes de las sentencias registradas en los juzgados de menores de San Sebastian, Vitoria y Bilbao (Comunidad Autonoma Vasca, Espana), durante el 2003. A partir de este ano se hizo un seguimiento de aquellos menores consumidores que volvieron a entrar en contacto con el sistema de justicia juvenil, hasta el 2007. En dichos expedientes se han identificado variables de caracter juridico, penal y psicosocial. De otro lado, se presentan dos estudios diferenciados: uno correspondiente al perfil del menor infractor consumidor, en el que tambien se hace una mencion especifica del grupo de menores extranjeros no acompanados, y por otra parte, un estudio en el que se identifican diferencias entre menores infractores consumidores y no consumidores de drogas. Se analiza la vinculacion de la infraccion cometida por menores con el consumo de sustancias nocivas, incluyendo el factor diferencial que conlleva el consumo de alcohol, para finalmente sugerir una discusion en relacion con los retos que este problema acarrea. EnglishThis paper shows, on the one hand, the outcomes of an investigation in which the records of decisions made in special courts for young offenders in San Sebastian, Vitoria and Bilbao (Comunidad Autonoma Vasca, Spain) in 2003 are analyzed. From 2003 to 2007 those young drug consumers, who entered again in contact with the juvenile justice system, were observed. Such records exhibit legal, penal, and psychosocial variables. On the other hand, this paper shows two differentiated studies: the first corresponds to the profile of young drug-consumer offenders, a study in which particular groups of foreign non-accompanied young offenders are mentioned; the second identifies differences between drug consumer and non-consumer young offenders. The link of the offense with the consumption of nocive substances is analyzed, including the differential factor that leads to alcohol consumption to, finally, suggest a discussion regarding the challenges this problem may bring about.
The effect of focusing on loan decisions

In this paper we investigate some implications of recent results about salience on loan decisions. Using the framework of focus-weighted utility we show that consumers might take out loans even when that yield them negative utility. We claim however, that consumers are more prudent in their decisions and might be less likely to take out such loans when the usual fixed- and increasing-installment plans are coupled with a decreasing-installment option. We argue that harmful loan consumption, especially in the case of loans with increasing-installments (e.g. alternative mortgage loans), could be decreased if a policy would prescribe presentation of loan repayment schedules in a way that employs this effect. Moreover, using the model of focus-weighted utility we give a possible explanation for the unpopularity of decreasing-installment plans, the success of increasing-installment plans and their higher default rate during the financial crisis.
Dark Matter Halos: The Dynamical Basis of Effective Empirical Models

We investigate the dynamical basis of the classic empirical models (specifically, Sersic-Einasto and generalized NFW) that are widely used to describe the distributions of collisionless matter in galaxies. We submit that such a basis is provided by our -profiles, shown to constitute solutions of the Jeans dynamical equilibrium with physical boundary conditions. We show how to set the parameters of the empirical in terms of the dynamical models; we find the empirical models, and specifically Sersic-Einasto, to constitute a simple and close approximation to the dynamical models. Finally, we discuss how these provide a useful baseline for assessing the impact of the small-scale dynamics that may modulate the density slope in the central galaxy regions.
BIODEGRADATION ALTERNATIVE IN THE CLEANUP OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON POLLUTANTS

Extensive petroleum hydrocarbon exploration activities often result in the pollution of the environment, which could lead to disastrous consequences for the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem if not restored. Remediation of petroleum-contaminated system could be achieved by either physicochemical or biological methods. However, the attendant negative consequences of the physicochemical approach are currently directing greater attention to the exploitation of the biological alternatives. This paper provides a review of the menace of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and its biodegradation in the environment with the view of understanding the biodegradation processes for better exploitation in bioremediation challenges. Key words: Petroleum hydrocarbon, pollution, environment, and biodegradation.
Below the Bar? Racial and Gender Bias in Judicial Nominations

In this paper, I nd that minority and female nominees to federal courts are consistently awarded lower qualication ratings by the nation’s largest legal professional organization, the American Bar Association (ABA), than are white and male nominees. This is the case even when comparing nominees with similar pedigrees { including similar education achievements, political ideologies, professional experiences, age, and demographic characteristics. Furthermore, by presenting results showing that the ABA qualication score is unrelated to a judge’s ultimate reversal rate, I show that ABA scores are not a particularly good predictor of how a nominee will fare once on the bench. The ndings in this paper call into question the ABA’s long standing and inuential role in the federal nomination process, both in terms of potential latent biases against minority and female candidates and also in terms of its utility in predicting judicial \performance. "
Determinants of CEO Compensation in the U.S. General Merchandise Sector

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between CEO compensation and firm level performance in the U.S. General Retail Store Sector. We performed cross sectional regressions on the entire sample and found no significant relationship existed between the level of CEO compensation and a set of independent variables that proxy for firm performance. We then performed a Stepwise regression and found that Market Capitalization and Gross Margin were significantly related to the level of CEO compensation and a set of independent variables that proxy firm performance. Our findings suggest that CEO compensation is positively related to market capitalization and gross profit margin.
Automatic model selection for forecasting Brazilian stock returns

This study aims to contribute on the forecasting literature in stock return for emerging markets. We use Autometrics to select relevant predictors among macroeconomic, microeconomic and technical variables. We develop predictive models for the Brazilian market premium, measured as the excess return over Selic interest rate, Itau SA, Itau-Unibanco and Bradesco stock returns. We find that for the market premium, an ADL with error correction is able to outperform the benchmarks in terms of economic performance. For individual stock returns, there is a trade o between statistical properties and out-of-sample performance of the model.
Presidential Campaigning during Midterm Elections

Previous studies have approached presidential campaigning at midterm from very different theoretical vantages. One component of the literature suggests that president’s campaign at midterm primarily to aid individual candidates and improve congressional makeup, while another argues that all presidential travel is part of the permanent campaign that presidents undertake in order to further personal reelection goals. Interestingly, these approaches, and the factors that each suggests influence presidential decisions, have remained effectively insulated from one another in empirical studies of presidential travel and campaigning. This study combines these complimentary theoretical stories to provide a more comprehensive model of presidential campaigning in midterm elections. We test this model in an analysis of midterm campaign stops between 1994 and 2006 and show a mix of factors from both literatures best explain presidential campaigning at midterm.
Foreign Direct Investment and Keiretsu: Rethinking U.S. And Japanese Policy

This paper focuses on two issues. First, a reexamination of the data on the level of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Japan suggests that foreign firms sell five to six times more in Japan than is commonly believed. Previous studies severely underestimated the stock of FDI in Japan due to poor data. Second, after finding that even after adjusting for various factors the level of FDI in Japan is still low, the paper explores explanations for this phenomenon. A second main conclusion is that government tax and financial policy continues to inhibit foreign takeovers through the promotion of stable shareholding.
Testing Models of Social Learning on Networks: Evidence From Two Experiments

We theoretically and empirically study an incomplete information model of social learning. Agents initially guess the binary state of the world after observing a private signal. In subsequent rounds, agents observe their network neighbors' previous guesses before guessing again. Agents are drawn from a mixture of learning types—Bayesian, who face incomplete information about others' types, and DeGroot, who average their neighbors' previous period guesses and follow the majority. We study (1) learning features of both types of agents in our incomplete information model; (2) what network structures lead to failures of asymptotic learning; (3) whether realistic networks exhibit such structures. We conducted lab experiments with 665 subjects in Indian villages and 350 students from ITAM in Mexico. We perform a reduced‐form analysis and then structurally estimate the mixing parameter, finding the share of Bayesian agents to be 10% and 50% in the Indian‐villager and Mexican‐student samples, respectively.
COMPARING THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC MODERATION OF PERTURBATION OF ERYTHROCYTIC AND PLATELET FUNCTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATED RABBITS FED 2% TURMERIC SUPPLEMENT

Recent moderation of lympho-leukocyctic responses of acutely ultraviolet (UV) irradiated pre-pubertal rabbits (PR) by 2% organic turmeric (Curcuma longa) supplement raises the possibility of wider protective implications for other blood components. This study thus investigated UV effects on erythrocytic/hematologic indices (EHI) and platelet (PLT) functions in PR and compares acute and chronic effects of T thereon. The study was for 85days (d) in three (3) phased periods: 40d pre-irradiation, 5d irradiation and 40d post-irradiation in 60 acclimatized unsexed PR randomly assigned to 4 groups of 12 PR each as follows: Group 1, Control was fed un-supplemented diet and forage (Tridax procumbens) - basal diet (BD) for the entire study period without any treatment. Group 2 - T group (T+T+T) was fed BD supplemented with 2% pulverized crude T (BDS) during periods 1, 2 and 3, without irradiation. Group 3 - radiation (R) group (- +R+ -) was fed BD at periods 1, 2 and 3 and irradiated. Group 4 - therapeutic (H) group (- + R+T) was treated as in group 3 and fed BDS at period 3 only. Group 5 - prophylactic (P) group (T+TR+ -) was fed BDS during periods 1 and 2 only and irradiated. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Blood was collected on 86d from 0900h. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. UV significantly (p<0.05) suppressed RBC count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit as well as platelet function. BDS normalized these variables towards control values. H application of T significantly (p<0.05) elevated the variables to control values. A P application of T very significantly (p<0.05) elevated values of these variables relative to acutely treated PR. These results demonstrate that T whether applied acutely or chronically moderated, UV induced perturbation of EHI and PLT functions of these PR.
Detection of BRCA1 Founder Mutation 185DELAG in Breast Cancer Patients using Pyrosequencing Technique

Background: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer due to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is the most common cause of hereditary forms of both breast and ovarian cancer and occurs in all ethnic and racial populations. Till now, no assessments of the BRCA1 founder mutation have been performed by sequencing in Egyptian population. The aim of this pilot study was to detect the prevalence BRCA1 founder mutation 185DELAG in familial and sporadic breast cancer patients. Blood samples of 100 Egyptian female including 40 patients who had no significant family history of BC in their families (sporadic BC), 40 patients had at least 2 positive family history in their first degree relatives (familial BC), 20 control patients with no BC or history of breast cancer in their families. All subjects went for detection for 185DELAG mutation using Pyrosequencing technique. There were significant differences between familial and sporadic BC as regards their age (P=0.004) and in the premenopausal patients in familial BC than sporadic BC (P=0.02). Moreover, sporadic BC showed a significant increase in the ER and PR +ve, HER2/neu -ve (luminal A) than familial BC patients (P=0.012). As regards the mutation, we found a carrier frequency of 2.5% (95% confidence interval 1.1-2.4). There was no significant relation between mutation and type of BC, or between the hormonal profile of BC tumor and 185DELAG carriers. Conclusion: The prevalence of BRCA1 185AG deletion mutation is significantly lower than previously reported using other molecular techniques.
The importance of dispersal related and local factors in shaping the taxonomic structure of diatom metacommunities

To date, little is known about the relative importance of dispersal related versus local factors in shaping microbial metacommunities. A common criticism regarding existing datasets is that the level of taxonomic resolution might be too coarse to reliably assess microbial community structure and study biogeographical patterns. Moreover, few studies have assessed the importance of geographic distance between habitats, which may influence metacommunity dynamics through its effect on dispersal rates. We applied variation partitioning analyses to 15 separate regional datasets on diatoms found in lakes in Eurasia, Africa and Antarctica. These analyses quantified the relative contributions of dispersal related and local factors in determining patterns of taxonomic turnover at the species and at the genus level. In general, results were similar at both taxonomic levels. Local environmental factors accounted for most of the explained variation (median=21%), whereas dispersal related factors were much less important (median of significant fractions=5.5% variation explained) and failed to significantly explain any variation, independent of the environmental variables, in the majority of the datasets. However, the amount of variation explained by dispersal related factors increased with increasing geographic distance and increasing taxonomic resolution. We extrapolated our regional scale observations to the global scale by combining the regional datasets into a global dataset comprising 1039 freshwater lakes from both hemispheres and spanning a geographic distance of over 19 000 km. At this global scale, taxonomic turnover was lowest in highly connected habitats, once environmental factors were partialled out. In common with many other studies of macro-organisms, these analyses showed that both dispersal related and local variables significantly contribute to the structure of global lacustrine diatom communities.
Eigenvalues and Energy of the Cayley Graph of some Groups with respect to a Normal Subset

Set X = {M11,M12,M22,M23,M24, Zn, T4n, SD8n, Sz(q), G2(q), V8n}, where M11, M12, M22, M23, M24 are Mathieu groups and Zn, T4n, SD8n, Sz(q), G2(q) and V8n denote the cyclic, dicyclic, semi-dihedral, Suzuki, Ree and a group of order 8n presented by V8n = 〈a, b | a = b = e, aba = b, aba = b〉, respectively. In this paper, we compute all eigenvalues of Cay(G,T ), where G ∈ X and T is minimal, second minimal, maximal or second maximal normal subset of G \ {e} with respect to its size. In the case that S is a minimal normal subset of G \ {e}, the summation of the absolute value of eigenvalues, energy of the Cayley graph, is evaluated.
Hope, self-determination and workplace learning. A multilevel study in vocational training

The present study investigates hope in the context of a 4 year vocational training. The theoretical framework combines the theory of hope with core ideas of self-determination theory. The main hypothesis predict a positive relationship between general hope and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in the learning environment at the workplace. The analysis of cross-sectional questionnaire data from 450 trainees and 58 trainers integrate the perspectives of the trainees at the individual and group levels, as well as their trainers using multilevel modeling. The results show that a substantial amount of variation in individual hope is associated with the learning environment, and provides empirical support for the hypothesized positive relationship between hope and the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs (relatedness, autonomy and competence) in the work environment. The paper concludes by recommending the creation of autonomy-supportive work environments to facilitate the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and nurture hope.
An assessment for the need of soybean inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in some sites of Kasungu district, Central Malawi

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) is an annual legume that belongs to the legume family Fabaceae (Tefera, 2011). It is a crop with so many benefits including human and animal nutrition, source of income from sales and soil fertility improvement through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). It is also reported to have medicinal value (Dixit et al., 2011). In terms of food components, soybean contains 35 40% protein, 19% oil, 35% carbohydrate (17% of which is a dietary fibre), 5% minerals and several other components including vitamins (Liu, ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 8 (2013) pp. 60-72 http://www.ijcmas. com
An outcome evaluation of a perinatal education programme

Orientation: The World Health Organisation (WHO) (2005) reported that at least 260 mothers and babies die every day in South Africa. Most of these deaths are attributed to low standards of maternal and infant care. Research has shown that one way of reducing the maternal and infant mortality rates in hospitals is to improve the standard of care. Research purpose: The Perinatal Education Programme (PEP) has been introduced in the Western Cape in South Africa, and the main aim of this evaluation was to provide information regarding the effectiveness of perinatal training in a single maternity hospital in this province. Motivation for the study: There are a few evaluation studies of the PEP in different South African contexts. These evaluations have shown that the programme was effective in improving the knowledge of midwives. The current evaluation was motivated by the need for more research on the programme’s effectiveness. Research design, approach and method: A quasi-experimental design was used to determine knowledge and skills acquisition of midwives. The sample consisted of 42 midwives. Programme records and questionnaire results were used as data. Main findings: This evaluation showed that the PEP is an effective programme endorsed by participants and supervisors alike. Practical/managerial implications: This specific hospital added group facilitation to the self-study mode of the programme. This mode of study produced additional increases in knowledge, skills and group work. Contributions/value-add: The evaluation has provided sound evidence for programme managers to increase programme coverage and continue the good work already evident from the results.
Staphylococcus aureus – A Versatile Pathogen Biochemical Characterization and Antibiogram

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is normally a ubiquitous, but relatively innocent commensal and coloniser of the skin and mucosa of humans and several animal species which is in apparent contrast to its infectious potential (Van Belkum et al., 2009). S. aureus has been demonstrated to be a major human pathogen capable of causing a wide range of infections, from relatively mild skin infections such as folliculitis and furunculosis to lifethreatening conditions, including sepsis, deep abscesses, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, blood International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Critical review of mercury chemistry in flue gas.

Mercury (Hg) and its compounds have long been recognized as potentially hazardous to human health and the environment. Many man-made sources of mercury have been reduced in recent years through process changes and control measures. However, emissions of mercury from coal-fired power plants, while exceedingly dilute by the usual pollution standards, still constitute a major source when considered in the aggregate. Concerns over those emissions and the prospect of impending emissions regulations have led to a wide range of research projects dealing with the measurement and control of mercury in flue gas. This work has made considerable progress in improving the understanding of mercury emissions and their behavior, but inconsistencies and unexpected results have also shown that a better understanding of mercury chemistry is needed. To develop a more complete understanding of where additional research on mercury chemistry is needed, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) asked Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) to conduct a critical review of the available information as reported in the technical literature. The objectives were to summarize the current state of the art of chemistry knowledge, identify significant knowledge gaps, and recommend future research to resolve those gaps. An initial evaluation of potential review topics indicatedmore » that the scope of the review would need to be limited and focused on the most important topics relative to mercury control. To aid in this process, Argonne developed a brief survey that was circulated to researchers in the field who could help identify and prioritize the many aspects of the problem. The results of the survey were then used to design and guide a highly focused literature search that identified key papers for analysis. Each paper was reviewed, summarized, and evaluated for the relevance and quality of the information presented. The results of that work provided the basis for conclusions regarding the state of knowledge of mercury chemistry and recommendations for further research. This report begins by summarizing the survey process and describing how the results were used to shape the critical review. Analyses of information obtained from the various publications are presented chronologically, beginning with the earliest relevant publication found and concluding with the end of the review in early 2003. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations for future research are presented. The survey instrument is included in Appendix A, while detailed information on each of the publications reviewed is given in Appendix B. « less