Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcome of Patients with Large Overcorrection following Surgery for Exotropia

To provide long-term surgical results for patients with large initial overcorrection following surgery for exodeviation, 68 consecutive patients with initial overcorrection of 20 prism diopters (PD) or more at distance or near following surgery for exodeviation performed between 1994 and 2002 were included in this study. The patients were managed with an alternate full-time occlusion, echothiophate iodide, or prism glasses for the period of overcorrection. One day postoperatively, the amount of overcorrection was 8–40 PD at distance and 0–35 PD at near, and decreased to 10 PD or less both at distance and near vision within 4 weeks postoperatively in 49 patients (72%). Seven patients needed prism glasses for esotropia of less than 10 PD. Four patients (5.9%) needed a reoperation for consecutive esotropia and 1 patient for postoperative hypotropia following recession of the superior and lateral rectus. The final outcome showed orthophoria to exo/esodeviation of ≤10 PD in 48 patients (71%) and exodeviations of >10 PD in 11 patients (16%) at near or distance. In conclusion, overcorrection was reduced to 10 PD or less at distance and near within 4 weeks after surgery in most patients. Even with initial overcorrection of 20 PD or more after surgery for exodeviation, reoperation for consecutive esotropia was necessary only in 5.9% of the patients.
Comparison of Genomic Methods for Differentiating Strains of Enterococcus faecium: Assessment Using Clinical Epidemiologic Data

ABSTRACT Genomic DNA extracted from 45 vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium (VRE) isolates was cleaved withHindIII and HaeIII and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. The ability of this method (restriction endonuclease analysis [REA]) to distinguish strains at the subspecies level was compared with results previously determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Chart reviews were performed to provide a clinical correlation of possible epidemiologic relatedness. A likely clinical association was found for 29 patients as part of two outbreaks. REA found 21 of 21 isolates were the same type in the first outbreak, with PFGE calling 19 strains the same type. In the second outbreak with eight patient isolates, HindIII found six were the same type and two were unique types. HaeIII found three strains were the same type, two strains were a separate type, and three more strains were unique types, while PFGE found three were the same type and five were unique types. No single “ideal” method can be used without clinical epidemiologic investigation, but any of these techniques is helpful in providing focus to infection control practitioners assessing possible outbreaks of nosocomial infection.
A finite element model of flatfoot (Pes Planus) for improving surgical plan

Flatfoot is a foot condition caused by the collapse of the medial arch of the foot, and it can result in problems such as severe pain, swelling, abnormal gait, and difficulty walking. Despite being a very common foot deformity, flatfoot is one of the least understood orthopaedic problems, and the opinions regarding its optimal treatment vary widely. In this paper, an FE model of a flatfoot is proposed that is based on CT measurements. Surface meshes of the bones and soft tissue were generated from CT images and then simplified to reduce the node density. A total of 62 ligaments, 9 tendons, and the plantar fascia were modeled manually. Volume meshes of the different components were generated and combined to form the completed flatfoot model. A dynamic FE formulation was derived, and a balanced standing simulation was performed. The model was validated by comparing stress distribution results from the simulation to experimental data.
Toward a new microscopic framework for Kondo lattice materials

Understanding the emergence and subsequent behavior of heavy electrons in Kondo lattice materials is one of the grand challenges in condensed matter physics. From this perspective we review the progress that has been made during the past decade and suggest some directions for future research. Our focus will be on developing a new microscopic framework that incorporates the basic concepts that emerge from a phenomenological description of the key experimental findings.
Effects of puberty on cystic fibrosis related pulmonary exacerbations in women versus men

Epidemiologic data from studies of airway diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis indicate a gender disparity where women have worse outcomes. The explanation for this is largely unknown. We hypothesize that female sex hormones play a role in this gender disparity, predisposing women to more exacerbations and decreased lung function post‐puberty.
Labour market adjustment during 2008-2013 in Latvia: firm level evidence

In this paper we examine firm level survey data collected in the framework of the Eurosystem's Wage Dynamics Network (WDN) in Latvia. The survey explores labour cost adjustment strategies during 2008–2009 and 2010–2013 with the aim to uncover wage, employment, and price adjustment channels for different firm categories during crisis and post-crisis periods. The results show that more than half of firms were affected by a slump in demand and credit conditions during 2008–2009, with the effect being particularly strong on non-exporting firms. Unlike what the macroeconomic picture of average wage suggests, both flexible and permanent wages were adjusted strongly in response to the shock. One third of firms reduced employment or altered its structure strongly, with freeze of new hires and reduction of permanent employees used particularly often. The demand improved during 2010–2013 despite still tight credit conditions. Decrease in working hours, freeze of wages and new employment remained significant measures of labour cost adjustment during the latter period. Improvements in demand conditions transmitted into the increase in base wage, while bonuses were raised relatively less often.
Multilevel modeling of longitudinal data for psychotherapy researchers: II. The complexities

Abstract The authors previously reviewed the basic elements and steps to building multilevel models (MLMs) for longitudinal data typically found in psychotherapy research. The objective of this article is to focus on complexities associated with the MLM for longitudinal data analysis in psychotherapy research, which may result in proper use or misuse of the modeling structure. To do so, the authors illustrate complex scenarios and discuss issues in the implementation and interpretation of the MLM: (a) impact of missing data in the MLM, (b) determination of the complexity of the covariance structure and its implication on model interpretation, (c) issues with centering, (d) model diagnostics for MLM, (e) model formation, including implementation dependent on the treatment of time and distribution of outcome, and (f) model estimation. The authors also present data from psychotherapy research settings as examples of these complex situations. Finally, they offer some caveats and advice for recognizing these complexities and proper procession to ensure accurate implementation of the MLM and interpretation of the results.
Irony comprehension: Social conceptual knowledge and emotional response

Verbal irony conveys various emotional messages, from criticism to humor, that differ from the meaning of the actual words. To understand irony, we need conceptual knowledge of irony in addition to an understanding of context. We investigated the neural mechanism of irony comprehension, focusing on two overlooked issues: conceptual knowledge and emotional response. We studied 35 healthy subjects who underwent functional MRI. During the scan, the subject examined first‐person‐view stories describing verbal interactions, some of which included irony directed toward the subject. After MRI, the subject viewed the stories again and rated the degree of irony, humor, and negative emotion evoked by the statements. We identified several key findings about irony comprehension: (1) the right anterior superior temporal gyrus may be responsible for representing social conceptual knowledge of irony, (2) activation in the medial prefrontal cortex and the right anterior inferior temporal gyrus might underlie the understanding of context, (3) modulation of activity in the right amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus is associated with the degree of irony perceived, and (4) modulation of activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex varies with the degree of humor perceived. Our results clarified the differential contributions of the neural loci of irony comprehension, enriching our understanding of pragmatic language communication from a social behavior point of view. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1167–1178, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Impact of Tourism Resources on Tourism Real Estate Value

ABSTRACT Leisure and tourism facilities are known to influence property value. Previous studies have found natural resources to have a positive impact on the price of surrounding properties. More recently, scholars have turned their attention to “built” tourism resources, such as resorts and sports facilities. “Tourism real estate” emerged in China in the 1990s. Contrary to traditional housing projects, tourism real estate is characterized by the development of large-scale tourism resources (e.g. resorts and theme parks) along with residential properties, under the assumption that they would increase property value. However, the effects of such “built” tourism resources on housing value have not been empirically examined. This study investigates the determinants of tourism real estate prices, with an emphasis on the impact of theme parks. A hedonic pricing model was built using a sample of 294 real estate transactions in the Overseas Chinese Town area of Shenzhen, China. Findings indicated that while distance to metro and the architectural features of the property itself had significant positive effects on tourism real estate value, distance to theme parks was found to have a negative effect on price. As the constructions of theme parks alongside residential/vacation properties represent a typical model of tourism real estate, findings urge the industry to reconsider the development of theme parks and its impact on the surrounding environment.
An 8B/10B encoder with 2GHz operating frequency

This paper presents a design of 8B/10B encoder with a new architecture, reduced coding table and improved disparity and run length control block which make it suitable for high-speed data transmission. The original logic is broken into two sub logic and designed in two stages based on parallel pipelined structure. In the first stage the original 3B/4B and 5B/6B coding tables are reduced and reformed to implement their sub-blocks based on parallel processing technique. In the second stage, the disparity and run length control blocks are designed separately to work in parallel. These notifications result the minimum timing delay at each stage. The encoder is realized in CMOS . 18um process. It achieves the operating frequency over 2GHz and the power consumption is 9.38 mw with 1.8v supply voltage.
Pathogenesis of Human Poliovirus Infection in Mice: I. Clinical and Pathological Studies

Human poliovirus infection in mice was studied to determine the similarities to human poliomyelitis, the selective vulnerability of neurons to infection, the role of the immune response in age-dependent susceptibility, and possible viral persistence. Mice inoculated intracerebrally (ic) with the Lansing type 2 poliovirus developed a disease with clinical, pathological, and age-dependent features resembling human poliomyelitis. Adult mice had a shorter incubation period (50% paralysis, Day 8 vs. Day 13) and a higher incidence of paralysis (97% vs. 79%) than newborns. Only paralyzed animals had pathologic changes in the spinal cord, and these corresponded to the degree of paralysis. Fluorescent antibody staining showed that selective infection of neurons was most intense in the anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord. There was no extraneural virus replication and no systemic neutralizing antibody response. Cyclophosphamide immunosuppression enhanced rather than diminished disease, indicating that maturation of immune responses did not explain the relative resistance of newborns to paralysis.
How to make young children produce cleft sentences

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on the effects of contextual demands on the selection of a particular syntactic device, in asking whether French-speaking children from 4 to 10 years old will spontaneously produce it-cleft sentences if there is a functional necessity arising from the context. Taking into account recent studies that have specified the discourse function(s) served by this marked sentence form, it was hypothesized that the cleft formulation would be more likely than its uncleft counterpart whenever the child's intention was to contrast their own belief or knowledge with that of their addressee. The study showed this to be the case when the matter of the disagreement concerned the agent of an action: that situation elicited an overwhelming majority (from 80% to 97%) of cleft constructions, even from the youngest children. On the other hand, when the matter of the disagreement concerned the patient, there were only a few cleft constructions, even with the oldest children; contrastive stress on the object constituent was the predominant device employed for marking information in that situation. The high proportion of clefts in the Agent condition, and the high proportion of stressed object constituents in the Patient condition, both differ from previously reported data. These differences are discussed with reference to differences in task requirements and to differences between the prosodie constraints of French and English.
Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan.

CONTEXT The US military has conducted population-level screening for mental health problems among all service members returning from deployment to Afghanistan, Iraq, and other locations. To date, no systematic analysis of this program has been conducted, and studies have not assessed the impact of these deployments on mental health care utilization after deployment. OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between combat deployment and mental health care use during the first year after return and to assess the lessons learned from the postdeployment mental health screening effort, particularly the correlation between the screening results, actual use of mental health services, and attrition from military service. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based descriptive study of all Army soldiers and Marines who completed the routine postdeployment health assessment between May 1, 2003, and April 30, 2004, on return from deployment to Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan (n = 16,318), Operation Iraqi Freedom (n = 222,620), and other locations (n = 64,967). Health care utilization and occupational outcomes were measured for 1 year after deployment or until leaving the service if this occurred sooner. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, or other mental health problems; referral for a mental health reason; use of mental health care services after returning from deployment; and attrition from military service. RESULTS The prevalence of reporting a mental health problem was 19.1% among service members returning from Iraq compared with 11.3% after returning from Afghanistan and 8.5% after returning from other locations (P<.001). Mental health problems reported on the postdeployment assessment were significantly associated with combat experiences, mental health care referral and utilization, and attrition from military service. Thirty-five percent of Iraq war veterans accessed mental health services in the year after returning home; 12% per year were diagnosed with a mental health problem. More than 50% of those referred for a mental health reason were documented to receive follow-up care although less than 10% of all service members who received mental health treatment were referred through the screening program. CONCLUSIONS Combat duty in Iraq was associated with high utilization of mental health services and attrition from military service after deployment. The deployment mental health screening program provided another indicator of the mental health impact of deployment on a population level but had limited utility in predicting the level of mental health services that were needed after deployment. The high rate of using mental health services among Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans after deployment highlights challenges in ensuring that there are adequate resources to meet the mental health needs of returning veterans.
Net Migration Determinants

This empirical study investigates the impact on net state in-migration over the 2000-2003 period of a variety of economic and non-economic factors and thereby serves as a ro-bustness test of a study by Cebula and Alexander published in 2006. The estimates indicate that the net state in-migration rate was an increasing function of median family income or expected median family income and a decreasing function of the average cost of living. In addition, net state in-migration was an increasing function of warmer temperatures and a de-creasing function of the presence of hazardous waste sites. Finally, net state in-migration was an increasing function of fiscal surplus and a decreasing function of the presence of state indi-vidual income taxation. The results are generally supportive of those in Cebula and Alexan-der (2006).
Cadmium toxicity and snail–digenean interactions in a population of Lymnaea spp.

Abstract The toxicity of cadmium to a population of Lymnaea peregra and L. stagnalis naturally infected with a range of digeneans and collected from a number of sites in the lower Thames Valley, UK was investigated. Lymnaeid snails were exposed to 100 μg l-1 cadmium and the effects on host survival and emergence of cercariae recorded. Overwintered L. peregra, but not L. stagnalis, showed significantly reduced survival compared to seasonally infected snails, i.e. snails which have acquired an infection during the spring or summer. A significant increase in survival with increasing snail size was demonstrated for L. stagnalis and for seasonally infected L. peregra only. Only L. stagnalis infected with Diplostomum spathaceum and L. peregra infected individually with D. spathaceum, Sanguinicola inermis, Echinoparyphium recurvatum and Notocotylus attenuatus demonstrated a significantly reduced survival compared to laboratory-bred controls. The exposure of L. stagnalis to cadmium resulted in a significant reduction in the emergence of D. spathaceum over a 5-day period but cadmium-exposed L. peregra showed no difference in the emergence of E. recurvatum cercariae over a 3-day exposure period. The mechanisms and importance of metal toxicity to snail–digenean interactions are discussed.
The Theory of Reproductive Selection: Reconciling Strategic Choice and Firm Evolution

The notion that evolution is blind has somewhat hindered the integration of strategic choice to explanations of firm evolution. However, this article argues that it is mainly the Darwinian notion of survival selection that has difficulties in accommodating strategic choice. In contrast, another Darwinian notion of evolution – sexual/reproductive selection – does not pose similar difficulties. To demonstrate the commensurability of intentional, cognitively-shaped strategic choice to firm evolution under reproductive selection, we develop a set of propositions about choice processes involved in the evolution of Nokia Corporation. The propositions are grounded on an inductive, historical-longitudinal study of the firm’s evolution during 1986-1995.
Survivin acts as anti‐apoptotic factor during the development of bovine pre‐implantation embryos

Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptotic protein containing a single baculoviral inhibit apoptotic protein repeat domain, is a bifunctional protein that suppresses apoptosis and regulates cell division. Thus, we used double stranded RNA (dsRNA) interference to manipulate survivin expression in bovine embryos and analyze its role in blocking apoptosis and facilitating development of pre‐implantation embryos. In vitro fertilized embryos (1‐cell) were injected with survivin dsRNA, and expression of survivin mRNA was evaluated by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. To analyze survivin protein expression, we performed immunocytochemistry using a rabbit anti‐bovine suvivin antibody. Expression levels of survivin mRNA and protein were decreased in the dsRNA group compared to the sham group. Rates of in vitro blastocyst development were lower in the survivin dsRNA‐injected group than in the sham‐injected group. Also, the total cell number seen in blastocysts was decreased in the dsRNA group. TUNEL assays of DNA fragmentation indicated an increased apoptotic index in the dsRNA group compared to the sham group. These results indicate that survivin is important for optimal development of bovine blastocysts and confirm that survivin expression suppresses apoptosis of pre‐implantation embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 582–590, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultramicrotomy of semiconductors and related materials

Ultramicrotomy has found novel application in materials research using transmission electron microscopy, for both analytical and high resolution work. Specimens 20–50 nm in thickness with lateral dimensions of up to 100 microns may routinely be prepared, with the additional advantage of precise area location for cross‐sectional samples from real devices (e.g., VLSI structures). Much of this work is possible through the availability of diamond knives with various included angles and lengths at reasonable cost. This paper reports on various applications of ultramicrotomy, in particular, lattice imaging of surfaces and interface regions from epilayers of II–VI compound semiconductors and related materials. Ultramicrotomed cross‐sections have enabled modern electron beam imaging, diffraction and analytical techniques to be brought to bear near surfaces and across interfaces of multilayer structures, yielding high spatial resolution information on crystallography, defect structure and composition. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of health and nutritional status of lipid lowering supplement users in Kuala Lumpur

The nutritional and health status of dietary supplements users have been widely studied in other countries. However, few studies have examined lipid-lowering supplements users in Malaysia. Findings are inconsistent concerning the effectiveness of lipid-lowering supplements on cholesterol levels. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the health (physical, mental and social levels) and nutritional status (BMI, blood pressure and lipid profile) of lipid lowering supplement users. A cross sectional study of one hundred lipid lowering supplement subjects was conducted; body weight, height, blood pressure and lipid profile were measured. The results found that majority of the supplement users had normal physical, mental, and social health levels and normal level of lipid profiles, except for HDL-c and LDL-c than the non-users. Results also show an association (p<0.005) between lipid lowering groups (fish oil and flaxseed oil, soluble fiber and phytosterol) and body fat percentage (p=0.002). These findings suggest that in general lipid lowering supplements may have beneficial influence on the mental and social health status, and nutritional status (i.e. TC and TG, blood pressure, body fat percentage).