Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Valuation of American-Style Asian Options

This article derives the first analytical pricing formulas for American-style Asian options of the so-called floating strike type. Geometric as well as arithmetic averaging is considered. The setup is a standard Black-Scholes framework where the price of the underlying security evolves according to a geometric Brownian motion. A decomposition result that splits up the value of the floating strike American option into the price of an otherwise equivalent European option and an early exercise premium is first presented. This decomposition result is then manipulated further for the two separate types of averaging. With geometric averaging we derive an exact pricing formula, whereas with arithmetic averaging we develop an analytical approximation formula that proves to be very precise. Numerical examples are provided.
Late presentation of drug withdrawal symptoms in newborns.

Significant symptoms of neonatal drug abstinence first occurred at between 2 and 4 weeks of age in seven infants. Irritability and tremulousness were the major late symptoms, and seizures occurred in four of the seven infants. One infant in whom the syndrome was not recognized showed progression of symptoms and died at 3 weeks of age. Although patterns of maternal drug-taking varied, methadone hydrochloride was taken in all cases; in two women, urine test findings confirmed methadone to be the only drug of abuse. Fetal accumulation and delayed excretion of the drugs may account for delayed onset of symptoms. Physicians caring for such high-risk infants should recognize the potential seriousness of this problem.
The Perils of a Central Bank’s Capital Control: How Substantial is the Effect on Firm Value?

In this paper we examine the cross-sectional effects of the announcement of the imposition of the unremunerated reserve requirement (URR) in Thailand on stock prices. We show that there are negative abnormal returns following the announcement of the imposition of the URR, and that the effect of the imposition of the URR on stock prices seems to be relatively short lived. Our tests show that firm size, financial risk, and firm profitability have no effect on abnormal returns on the first-trading day following the URR announcement, but the effects of firm size, firm profitability and financial risk on abnormal returns become more evident in later days. We also find some evidence to suggest that there is no industrial effect on abnormal returns around the URR announcement.
Continuous intraoperative monitoring of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities and electroencephalography during carotid endarterectomy. A comparison of the two methods to detect cerebral ischemia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intraoperative monitoring of brain function may influence the outcome of carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS We performed transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities (VMCAs) and eight-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) recording simultaneously in 82 patients undergoing CEA. Thiopental narcosis limited EEG interpretation in 11 patients, thus allowing direct comparison of both methods in 71 patients. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between VMCA decrease and the frequency of EEG changes after carotid clamping (P < .001). Eight patients (11%) showed a VMCA decrease exceeding 60%, accompanied by EEG changes in 7 patients. Altogether, 16 patients (22%) showed severe or moderate EEG changes. Stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery led to an increase of abnormal findings with both monitoring methods, which was, however, significant only for TCD (P < .05). Four patients (4.8%) suffered intraoperative transient ischemic attacks. In 3 of these patients, there were no abnormal findings with either of the methods. The events were thus unpredictable and probably of embolic origin. The fourth patient showed VMCA decrease to 0 and severe EEG changes. Nine patients had severe or moderate EEG changes without significant VMCA decrease and without complications. EEG monitoring alone in these would have led to unnecessary use of a shunt with the increased risk of embolism. CONCLUSION EEG and TCD monitoring are complementary techniques. Their results showed a good overall correlation but with marked differences in the individual patient. TCD monitoring alone was sensitive enough to prevent ischemic intraoperative complications. EEG findings are of limited value when barbiturates are used.
Intertemporal Asset Pricing Without Consumption Data

This paper proposes a new way to generalize the insights of static asset pricing theory to a multi-period setting. The paper uses a loglinear approximation to the budget constraint to substitute out consumption from a standard intertemporal asset pricing model. In a homoskedastic lognormal selling, the consumption-wealth ratio is shown to depend on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption, while asset risk premia are determined by the coefficient of relative risk aversion. Risk premia are related to the covariances of asset returns with the market return and with news about the discounted value of all future market returns.
Accessibility and Supply Constraints in the Urban Housing Market

This paper discusses some of the chief influences on the urban housing market and their significance for economic analysis. It then looks comparatively at the 'trade-off' approach and the sub-markets approach. Results from an empirical study of owner-occupier housing in Bristol are presented. Although spatial clusters of households and housing types clearly emerged, the empirical tests showed that such spatial structures did not produce separate sub-markets with independent price structures. The data also confirmed a general tendency for unit prices to decline with distance from the centre, but the authors question the importance of the 'trade-off' theory's accessibility factor relative to historical features and planning policies.
Multicenter phase II study of plitidepsin in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

This phase II clinical trial evaluated the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of plitidepsin 3.2 mg/m2 administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion weekly on days 1, 8 and 15 every 4 weeks in 67 adult patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Patients were divided into two cohorts: those with non-cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n=34) and those with other lymphomas (n=33). Efficacy was evaluated using the International Working Group criteria (1999). Of the 29 evaluable patients with non-cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma, six had a response (overall response rate 20.7%; 95% confidence interval, 8.0%–39.7%), including two complete responses and four partial responses. No responses occurred in the 30 evaluable patients with other lymphomas (including 27 B-cell lymphomas). The most common plitidepsin-related adverse events were nausea, fatigue and myalgia (grade 3 in <10% of cases). Severe laboratory abnormalities (lymphopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and increased levels of transaminase and creatine phosphokinase) were transient and easily managed by plitidepsin dose adjustments. The pharmacokinetic profile did not differ from that previously reported in patients with solid tumors. In conclusion, plitidepsin monotherapy has clinical activity in relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphomas. Combinations of plitidepsin with other chemotherapeutic drugs deserve further evaluation in patients with non-cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00884286)
Systematic Risk and Credit Ratings: How Bonds and Mortgage Securitizations are Dierent

Investors were surprised during the Global Financial Crisis that mortgage securitizations implied larger default rates than corporate bonds given the same credit rating. This paper provides theoretical and empirical evidence that mortgage securitizations imply a larger degree of systematic risk than bonds. In addition, the paper shows that credit ratings do not reflect the systematic risk appropriately. JEL classification: G20; G28; C51
Organizational Dynamic Capability and Innovation: An Empirical Examination of Internet Firms

This paper extends the dynamic capability perspective into the study of innovation by entrepreneurial firms. Drawing from both the resource‐based view and the dynamic capability perspective, this paper explores theoretically and examines empirically the different roles played by a firm's resource stock (endowment of resources and capabilities) and its integrative capabilities (ability to recognize opportunities as well as to configure and deploy resources) in the process of firm innovation. Our structural equation modeling results, based on a sample of 120 Internet‐based companies, indicate that both the firm's resource stock and integrative capabilities affect its innovation. Additionally, we also found that the relationship between resource stock and innovation is mediated by integrative capabilities. That is, merely possessing well‐endowed resource stock per se is not sufficient for innovation. Thus, it is the firm's ability to mobilize its resources and capabilities and align them dynamically with the changing opportunities in the environment that is of vital importance as the firm constantly innovates to survive and create its own competitive advantage. In the hypercompetitive and fast changing Internet‐based environment, such a need for dynamic capabilities is especially accentuated. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.
Changing images of the State: overloaded, hollowed-out, congested

Three conceptualisations of the UK's state are identified: the overloaded state of the 1960s/1970s; the hollowed-out state of the 1980s/early 1990s; the congested state of the late 1990s. In this latter period the creation of collaborative institutions has become a core strategy in all areas of UK public policy. This rich web of linkages arose in response to the problems inherent in the fragmentation arising from hollowing-out. The resulting partnerships bring together public, private, voluntary and community sector actors. They operate between and around the core institutions of democratic government. These tertiary (partnership) structures have complex accountability relationships with primary (elected) and secondary (appointed) public bodies, as well as with other actors. The example of Northshire shows how inter-linked strategic and specific partnership boards create an alternative, collaborative governance structure for a locality which is largely outside democratic processes. This development has fundamental implications for our appreciation of the institutional framework of UK government, as well as for the debate about and practice of democratic renewal.
Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene

The circulating levels of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) are linked with a 287-base pair insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at intron 16 of the ACE gene. Thus, the homozygous deletion (D/D genotype) could cause chronic vasoconstriction, arterial hypertension and, possibly, coronary artery disease. Also, the increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level and impaired fibrinolysis were related with the D/D genotype. The D allele has been recently associated with venous thrombosis among African–American men as well as among patients that underwent elective total hip replacement. We assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) linked with each genotype of the I/D ACE gene polymorphism in a Caucasian population by means of a case-control study. We genotyped the ACE gene in a series of 148 patients aged 45.0 ± 16.0 years (range, 11–80 years), objectively diagnosed in our centre of deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and in 240 thrombosis-free subjects (25–75 years) from the same geographic area. The observed difference in D allele frequencies between patients (0.56) and controls (0.62) was nonsignificant overall; however, statistical significance (P= 0.05) was found by considering the recessive hypothesis (D/D versus I/D + I/I) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI95) = 0.42–0.99]. The OR was 0.88 (CI95 = 0.51–1.53;P= 0.65) for the dominant hypothesis (D/D + I/D versus I/I genotypes). The relative risk for the D allele was close to 1 for the dominant hypothesis, both considering gender and recurrent tendency; however, it was protective in men regarding the recessive hypothesis (OR = 0.53, CI95 = 0.29–0.97,P= 0.04). The I/D ACE allele distribution was similar among the 46 thrombophilic patients (antithrombin, protein C or protein S deficiencies, factor V R506Q, factor II G20210A or lupus anticoagulant). In conclusion, among (Spanish) Caucasians, this study does not support the hypothesis that the deletion allele (D) of the ACE gene could be a significant risk factor for VTE, being protective in men.
Structural Features of MicroRNA (miRNA) Precursors and Their Relevance to miRNA Biogenesis and Small Interfering RNA/Short Hairpin RNA Design*

We have established the structures of 10 human microRNA (miRNA) precursors using biochemical methods. Eight of these structures turned out to be different from those that were computer-predicted. The differences localized in the terminal loop region and at the opposite side of the precursor hairpin stem. We have analyzed the features of these structures from the perspectives of miRNA biogenesis and active strand selection. We demonstrated the different thermodynamic stability profiles for pre-miRNA hairpins harboring miRNAs at their 5′- and 3′-sides and discussed their functional implications. Our results showed that miRNA prediction based on predicted precursor structures may give ambiguous results, and the success rate is significantly higher for the experimentally determined structures. On the other hand, the differences between the predicted and experimentally determined structures did not affect the stability of termini produced through “conceptual dicing. ” This result confirms the value of thermodynamic analysis based on mfold as a predictor of strand section by RNAi-induced silencing complex (RISC).
On the brink : from mutual deterrence to uncontrollable war

In the mid nineties, the rate of US productivity growth suddenly took off in the statistics after a long twenty-fi ve year slump, seeming to confi rm that the ‘information revolutionʼ was indeed beginning to bear fruit. This sudden burst of exuberance was hailed as the sign of an emerging post-industrial revolution, in which the weightless value of intangible assets would replace the tangible commodities of industrial manufacture. The information revolution, it was argued, was dependent on the deregulation of fi nancial markets and the unprecedented alliance between speculative capital and production, allowing whole industries to be fi nanced on the mere hope of future profi ts. As venture capital fl ooded into the high-tech sectors of digital and biotechnologies, it seemed that speculation itself had become the driving force behind unprecedented levels of innovation. What was at stake here, even according to the most sceptical of observers, was more than an irrational bubble or the delirious fi nancialization of the economy. The rise of venture capitalism institutionalized a model of economic growth in which production itself was made to hinge on a dangerously uncertain future. The adventure of venture capitalism lies in the expectation that high risks will be rewarded with supra-normal profi ts, that short-term returns will more than make up for the loss of long-term secure investment. As long as the euphoria keeps coming. 1
Private Property Rights, Investment Patterns, and Asset Structure

The right to private property was first written into the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in March 2004. This study takes advantage of the 2004 amendment and uses a difference‐in‐differences approach to empirically test the impact of private property rights security on investment patterns and thereby on asset structure. Employing the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database from 2000 to 2007 to implement the analysis, we find that private property rights security has not only led enterprises to boost investment in both fixed assets and intangible assets but also induced them to allocate available resources more towards intangible assets. We address two potential concerns about our empirical design.
University IPRs and knowledge transfer: is university ownership more efficient?

This paper addresses an issue that has been largely ignored so far in the empirical literature on the role of patents in university–industry knowledge transfer: does it matter who owns the patents on university research? We observe that especially in Europe, many patents in which university researchers are listed as inventors are not owned by the university. From a literature review, we conclude that private ownership of university patents may reduce the efficiency of the knowledge transfer process. This hypothesis is put to an empirical test, using data on patents in six European countries. Specifically, we assess whether university-owned patents (in Europe) are more often applied, and/or more economically valuable, than university-invented (but not-owned) patents. Our results indicate that, after correcting for observable patent characteristics, there are only very small differences between university-owned and university-invented patents in terms of their rate of commercialization or economic value.
Invasive apergillosis with myocardial involvement after kidney transplantation.

1381 18. Kontoyiannis DP, Hachen R, Lewis RE. Efficacy and toxicity of caspofungin in combination with liposomal amphotericin B as primary or salvage treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Cancer 2003; 98: 292–299 19. Morgenstern GR, Prentice AG, Prentrice HG, Ropner JE, Schey SA, Warnock DW. A randomized controlled trial of itraconazole versus fluconazole for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies. Br J Haematol 1999; 105: 901–911 Received for publication: 3.3. 04 Accepted in revised form: 12.11. 04 634 L. Elzi et al. D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /ndt/article-at/20/3/631/1870606 by gest on 08 M arch 2019
Blood plasma mineral profile and qualitative indicators of the eggshell in laying hens in different housing systems.

The aim of this study was to compare the blood plasma mineral profile (Ca, P, K, Mg, Zn, Cu and Se) and egg-shell quality (eggshell weight, eggshell breaking strength and thickness) of laying hens housed in three different housing systems (traditional cage system, enriched cage system and deep litter system). In each housing system, 12 ISA Brown laying hens were observed during the laying period from week 22 to 75 of age. The effect (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) of age and/or phase of the laying cycle on all mineral concentrations was determined. Eggshell breaking strength decreased (p < 0.001) with the age of birds. The results of this study indicate that the housing systems compared had no significant effect on the blood plasma mineral profile of laying hens under study and the values were within the physiological range. However, a significant effect of housing system on eggshell breaking strength and eggshell weight was found. Improved eggshell quality was obtained in most periods of the laying cycle in the enriched cage systems.
Increasing the Efficiency of Corporate Travel Management through Macro Benchmarking

This article demonstrates a macro benchmarking methodology to estimate the potential of a corporate travel department to reduce its business travel costs, with no change in its travel demands or operating environments. Results indicate that with a large enough pool of corporations appropriate benchmarking partners can be identified that match the volume and complexity of the firm's multidimensional travel demands, as well as the firm's operating environment. Targets are also provided for the different types of support costs, as well as sensitivity analyses related to changes in service levels and travel demands.
Conditional Deletion of Murine Fgf23: Interruption of the Normal Skeletal Responses to Phosphate Challenge and Rescue of Genetic Hypophosphatemia

The transgenic and knockout (KO) animals involving Fgf23 have been highly informative in defining novel aspects of mineral metabolism, but are limited by shortened lifespan, inability of spatial/temporal FGF23 control, and infertility of the global KO. To more finely test the role of systemic and genetic influences in FGF23 production, a mouse was developed that carried a floxed (“f”)‐Fgf23 allele (exon 2 floxed) which demonstrated in vivo recombination when bred to global‐Cre transgenic mice (eIIa‐cre). Mice homozygous for the recombined allele (“Δ”) had undetectable serum intact FGF23, elevated serum phosphate (p < 0.05), and increased kidney Cyp27b1 mRNA (p < 0.05), similar to global Fgf23‐KO mice. To isolate cellular FGF23 responses during phosphate challenge, Fgf23Δ/f mice were mated with early osteoblast type Iα1 collagen 2.3‐kb promoter‐cre mice (Col2.3‐cre) and the late osteoblast/early osteocyte Dentin matrix protein‐1‐cre (Dmp1‐cre). Fgf23Δ/f/Col2.3‐cre+ and Fgf23Δ/f/Dmp1‐cre+ exhibited reduced baseline serum intact FGF23 versus controls. After challenge with high‐phosphate diet Cre– mice had 2.1‐fold to 2.5‐fold increased serum FGF23 (p < 0.01), but Col2.3‐cre+ mice had no significant increase, and Dmp1‐cre+ mice had only a 37% increase (p < 0.01) despite prevailing hyperphosphatemia in both models. The Fgf23Δ/f/Col2.3‐cre was bred onto the Hyp (murine X‐linked hypophosphatemia [XLH] model) genetic background to test the contribution of osteoblasts and osteocytes to elevated FGF23 and Hyp disease phenotypes. Whereas Hyp mice maintained inappropriately elevated FGF23 considering their marked hypophosphatemia, Hyp/Fgf23Δ/f/Col2.3‐cre+ mice had serum FGF23 <4% of Hyp (p < 0.01), and this targeted restriction normalized serum phosphorus and ricketic bone disease. In summary, deleting FGF23 within early osteoblasts and osteocytes demonstrated that both cell types contribute to baseline circulating FGF23 concentrations, and that targeting osteoblasts/osteocytes for FGF23 production can modify systemic responses to changes in serum phosphate concentrations and rescue the Hyp genetic syndrome. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Regulatory Conflict and Entry Regulation of New Futures Contracts

When an automobile manufacturer decides to introduce a new product such as a new model of car, it is free to do so. It does not have to convince a regulatory body that the new model has an economic purpose or is in the public interest. Nor does it have to demonstrate that the car will not break down excessively or that consumers who purchase the car are making a sound financial decision. When an exchange that sells transactional services decides to offer a new product such as a new futures contract, however, it must convince one or more regulatory agencies that the proposed contract meets each of the above tests. Under guideline 1 of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC),' every application by an exchange for a new futures contract must contain a description of the cash market, an analysis of the terms and conditions of the contract, an explanation of how the contract would fulfill an economic purpose, and a statement of how the contract furthers the public interest. As required by statute, the CFTC has focused primarily on the susceptibility of a particular contract to manipulation. The larger the deliverable supply, the lower the probability of manipulation.