Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical, polysomnographic, and genetic characteristics of restless legs syndrome: A study of 133 patients diagnosed with new standard criteria

One hundred thirty‐three cases of restless legs syndrome (RLS), diagnosed with criteria recently formulated by an international study group, were studied by questionnaire and with all‐night polysomnographic recordings. Results show that RLS starts at a mean age of 27.2 years and before age 20 in 38.3% of patients. Symptoms often appear in one leg only and also involve upper limbs in about half of all cases. Most patients (94%) report sleep‐onset insomnia or numerous nocturnal awakenings due to RLS symptoms. A strong relationship was found between these complaints and polysomnographic findings; increasing sleep latency and number of awakenings and decreasing sleep efficiency were associated with worsening symptoms. Periodic leg movements in sleep (index > 5 movements/h sleep) were found in 80.2% of patients. This study shows that this percentage is increased when 2 recording nights are considered (most severe score). Eighty patients of 127 (63%) reported the presence of RLS in at least one of their first‐degree relatives. In these families, 221 of 568 first‐degree relatives (39%) were reported by the patients to be affected with RLS.
Faith : Serving Emotional Epistemic-Goals Rather than Evidence-Coherence

Emotional epistemic goals are an alternative to evidencecoherence, whereby beliefs are held for their aid in achieving some desired subjective goal, independent of the beliefs’ veracity. Some prior research has presumed that deference to “faith” constitutes an emotional goal. However, the epistemic nature of faith and its relation to evidence has been the focus of philosophical debate, both historically and recently. The present study examines how believers construe the epistemology of faith, by examining the covariance between faith-based, emotion-based, and evidence-based reasons that believers endorse for their specific beliefs across a number of topics. Results support the view of faith as a form of emotional preference.
Pheromonal dominance and the selection of a socially parasitic honeybee worker lineage (Apis mellifera capensis Esch.)

The recent invasion by self‐replicating socially parasitic Cape honeybee workers, Apis mellifera capensis, of colonies of the neighbouring African subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata represents an opportunity to study evolution of intraspecific parasitism in real time. As honeybee workers compete pheromonally for reproductive dominance, and as A. m. capensis workers readily produce queen‐like pheromones, we hypothesized that these semiochemicals promoted the evolution of intraspecific social parasitism. Remarkably, the offspring of a single worker became established as a parasite in A. m. scutellata's range. This could have resulted from extreme selection among different clonal parasitic worker lineages. Using pheromonal contest experiments, we show that the selected parasitic lineage dominates in the production of mandibular gland pheromones over all other competitors to which it is exposed. Our results suggest that mandibular gland pheromones played a key role in the evolution of intraspecific social parasitism in the honeybee and in the selection of a single genotype of parasitic workers.
Shall We Dance?

It is with great pride that I welcome you to the inaugural issue of the Journal of Information Architecture. The Journal of Information Architecture is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal, and its aim is to facilitate the systematic development of the scientific body of knowledge in the field of information architecture. The journal will focus on information architecture research and development in all types of shared information environments, such as for example social networks, web sites, intranets, mobile and Rich Internet Applications, from various perspectives such as technical, cultural, social, and communicational
The role of antioxidant therapy in the treatment of male infertility

Oxidative stress contributes to defective spermatogenesis leading to male factor infertility. The aim of this study was to review the current literature on the effects of various antioxidants to improve fertilisation and pregnancy rates. The sources of literature were Pubmed and the Cochrane data base. Reviewing the current literature revealed that Carnitines and vitamin C and E have been clearly shown to be effective by many well-conducted studies and may be considered as a first line treatment. The efficacy of antioxidants, such as glutathione, selenium and coenzyme Q10 has been demonstrated by few, but well-performed studies, and may be considered second line treatment. There is, however, a need for further investigation with randomised controlled studies to confirm the efficacy and safety of antioxidant supplementation in the medical treatment of idiopathic male infertility as well as the need to determine the ideal dose of each compound to improve semen parameters, fertilisation rates and pregnancy outcomes.
Metabolic syndrome and risk of acute coronary syndromes in patients younger than 45 years of age

ObjectiveThere is a paucity of data with regard to the association of the metabolic syndrome with cardiovascular risk in young adults. We investigated the association of the metabolic syndrome with acute coronary syndrome in adults aged 45 years or younger. Patients and methodsA total of 136 consecutive patients (128 men and eight women; mean age, 41.2±3.7 years) presenting with a first-ever acute coronary syndrome, and 136 age-matched and sex-matched controls were evaluated. The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome was established according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. ResultsThe prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the patients' group compared with the control group (40.4 versus 23.5%; P=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, positive family history of premature coronary artery disease, and the metabolic syndrome were associated with odds ratios 4.46 (95% confidence interval, 2.30–8.66; P<0.001), 3.11 (95% confidence interval, 1.71–5.66; P<0.001), and 1.97 (95% confidence interval, 1.08–3.56; P=0.02) higher odds, respectively, of having an acute coronary syndrome, after taking into account the matching for age and sex and controlling for potential confounders. Moreover, a 10-mg/dl increase in total cholesterol was associated with 1.06 higher odds of having an acute coronary syndrome. Analysis of interaction showed that smoking and a positive family history of premature coronary artery disease in young individuals with metabolic syndrome had an incremental effect on the odds of suffering an acute coronary syndrome (odds ratio, 7.12; 95% confidence interval, 2.42–20.96; P<0.001). ConclusionThe metabolic syndrome is highly associated with acute coronary syndrome in patients younger than 45 years of age, indicating the need for early and intensive preventive measures.
Evaluation of the uncertainty factor for subchronic-to-chronic extrapolation: statistical analysis of toxicity data.

For the extrapolation of a subchronic no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) to a chronic NOAEL an uncertainty factor of 10 is routinely applied. We evaluated this uncertainty factor by statistically analyzing a database comprising 149 oral NOAEL(subchronic)/NOAEL(chronic) ratios. Since any database forms only a limited sample of all existent chemicals, we believe that estimation errors should be taken into account. Therefore, in addition to the 95th percentile (P95) of the ratio distribution, we calculated the 95% confidence interval (CI) of this percentile. The geometric mean (GM), geometric standard deviation (GSD), P95, and CI were 1.7, 5.6, 29, and 20-46, respectively. These data do not support a lowering of the uncertainty factor as has been suggested by others. Furthermore, we analyzed the LOAEL/NOAEL ratio for subacute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity studies. However, the size of the LOAEL/NOAEL ratio only depends on the spacing between doses of the studies reviewed. Therefore, though the results may be considered supportive for an uncertainty factor of 10, we believe that there is no justification for the use of such a factor. Instead, we recommend the use of dose-response modeling which would make LOAEL-to-NOAEL extrapolation redundant.
Observation method of detecting medication errors.

D. , FAAN, is Associate Professor and Director, Nursing Doc-torate Program (Interim), University of Colorado Health SciencesCenter, Denver.Address correspondence to Dr. Barker at the Center for PharmacyOperations and Designs, 128 Miller Hall, Auburn University, Au-burn, AL 36849-5506 (barkekn@auburn.edu). Supported by the Latiolais Leadership Program and the ASHPResearch and Education Foundation.Presented at the Measuring Medication Safety in Hospitals Con-ference, Tucson, AZ, April 8–9, 2002.Copyright © 2002, American Society of Health-System Pharma-cists, Inc. All rights reserved. 1079-2082/02/1201-2314$06.00.
Effects of the application of therapeutic massage in children with cancer: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: to learn about the effects of the use of therapeutic massage in children with cancer. Method: systematic review of controlled clinical trials The search was conducted in November 2014 in the following databases: Pubmed, CSIC, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane and PEDro. Inclusion criteria were: clinical trials, published in English or Spanish, analyzing the effects of massage on the different stages and types of childhood cancer (between 1 and 18 years old). Results: of 1007 articles found, 7 met the inclusion criteria. Their authors use different massage techniques (Swedish massage, effleurage, petrissage, frictions, pressures), obtaining benefits in the symptoms present during the illness (decrease of pain, nausea, stress, anxiety and increase of white blood cells and neutrophils). Conclusion: therapeutic massage improves the symptoms of children with cancer, but there is a need for more research that may support the effects attributed to it.
Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import

The interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleoprotein complex with the cell nuclear import machinery is necessary for viral replication in macrophages and for the establishment of infection in quiescent T lymphocytes. The karyophilic properties of two viral proteins, matrix (MA) and Vpr, are keys to this process. Here, we show that an early step of HIV-1 nuclear import is the recognition of the MA nuclear localization signal (NLS) by Rch1, a member of the karyopherin-alpha family. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an N-terminally truncated form of Rch1 which binds MA but fails to localize to the nucleus efficiently blocks MA- but not Vpr-mediated HIV-1 nuclear import. Correspondingly, NLS peptide inhibits the nuclear migration of MA but not that of Vpr and prevents the infection of terminally differentiated macrophages by vpr-defective virus but not wild-type virus. These results are consistent with a model in which Rch1 or another member of the karyopherin-alpha family, through the recognition of the MA NLS, participates in docking the HIV-1 nucleoprotein complex at the nuclear pore. In addition, our data suggest that Vpr governs HIV-1 nuclear import through a distinct pathway.
A Quadratic Approximation to Budyko's Ice-Albedo Feedback Model with Ice Line Dynamics

The classical Budyko model of ice-albedo feedback describes Earth's ice cap location as an equilibrium solution of an integro-differential equation. The traditional interpretation is that the ice line adjusts to perturbations or parameter changes much more rapidly than does the surface temperature. Widiasih recently introduced some specific ice line dynamics and showed, under the assumption that the ice line changes much more slowly than surface temperature, that the resulting infinite dimensional dynamical system could be reduced to a one-dimensional system using invariant manifold theory. Here we introduce an approximation to the original Budyko model whereby the integro-differential equation reduces to a single ordinary differential equation describing the dynamics of the ice line under the assumption of instantaneous ice line adjustment. Adding an equation incorporating Widiasih's approach leads to a system of two ordinary differential equations. These equations contain a parameter which at one extrem.
Eosinophils, eosinophil ribonucleases, and their role in host defense against respiratory virus pathogens

Eosinophils remain among the most enigmatic of cells, as our appreciation of their detrimental activities—e.g., asthma and allergic disease—far outweighs our understanding of their beneficial effects. Among the major secretory effector proteins of eosinophils are the ribonucleases eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in primates and their orthologs, the eosinophil‐associated ribonucleases (EARs) in rodents. The rapid diversification observed among these ribonucleases suggested that the ultimate target(s) might be similarly efficient at generating sequence diversity while maintaining an unalterable susceptibility to ribonucleolytic cleavage. This has prompted us to consider a role for these proteins and by extension, for eosinophils, in host defense against single‐stranded RNA virus pathogens. We detail our studies of the antiviral activity of eosinophils and eosinophil ribonucleases against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro and the related, natural rodent pathogen, pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), in vivo, and consider the possibility that antiviral host defense and the dysregulated responses leading to asthma represent opposing sides of an eosinophil‐mediated double‐edged sword.
Thermal fluctuations of vortex lines, pinning, and creep in high-Tc superconductors.

Thermal fluctuations of vortex lines are shown to be capable of strongly reducing the value of the critical current in the mixed state of high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors. The theory of pinning in the presence of thermal fluctuations is developed. The current relaxation law in the regime of single-vortex pinning is obtained.
Directed Glycosylation of Human Coagulation Factor X at Residue 333

Based on homology, amino acids 326–336 (143–154 in chymotrypsin numbering) of factor X (fX) comprise a flexible surface loop, which is susceptible to self-proteolysis and influences substrate catalysis. To investigate the role of this autolysis loop in fX function, a recombinant variant with a new site for asparagine-linked glycosylation has been produced by changing glutamine 333 to asparagine. Q333N fX is activated normally by factor VIIa and tissue factor, factors IXa and VIIIa, and Russell's viper venom. Proteolysis of the loop is prevented by the mutation. Reactivity of the free enzyme toward substrates and inhibitors is attenuated 4–20-fold; relative to wild type fXa, Spectrozyme XaTMhydrolysis is 25%, inhibition by antithrombin III and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor is ∼20%, and prothrombin activation in the absence of the cofactor Va is only 5%. Surprisingly, activities of the variant and wild type enzymes are equivalent when part of the prothrombinase complex. N-Glycanase cleaves the new oligosaccharide from Q333N fXa leaving aspartic acid. Q333D fXa is ∼1.6-fold more reactive with Spectrozyme XaTM, antithrombin III and tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and prothrombin than its glycosylated counterpart, Q333N fXa, but still quite abnormal relative to wild type fXa. Like Q333N fXa, Q333D fXa is fully functional as part of the prothrombinase complex. We conclude that Gln-333 is geographically close to a site of proteolytic degradation but not to activator, cofactor, or membrane binding sites. Mutation of Gln-333 impairs catalytic function, but given normal prothrombin activation by the complexed enzyme, the importance of Gln-333 for catalysis is not manifest in the prothrombinase assembly, suggesting a conformational change in complexed fXa.
Forty Years of Diffusion of Innovations: Utility and Value in Public Health

This special issues is created to mark the 40th anniversary of Everett Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) model. Diffusion is the process through which an innovation, defined as an idea perceived as new, spreads via certain communication channels over time among the members of a particular social system. A great deal of research in a variety of academic disciplines (about 5000 published studies so far) has been conducted on the diffusion of innovations over the past six decades. The areas of application for these studies range from hybrid seed corn to modern math, to the snowmobile to antibiotic drugs, to HIV/AIDS prevention (Rogers, 1995). These investigations have led to a general model of the diffusion of innovations, which can be applied to the recent spread of the Internet or to any other new idea. Everett Roger's ground-breaking model has contributed to a greater understanding of behavioral change, including the variation in rates of adoption of innovations, and it has held a broad scope of practical applications in the field of public health.
Histological brain alterations following prenatal methamphetamine exposure in rats

ABSTRACT When pregnant women abuse methamphetamine, the foremost concern is the potential adverse effect of this substance on fetal development. Clinical studies in humans have found that exposure to methamphetamine during brain development can cause neurobehavioral abnormalities, such as aggressive behavior, learning problems, and poor social adaptation. In the present study, we examined the effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on brain development in rats. The first group of pregnant rats was administered methamphetamine at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day during gestational day (GD 10 to GD 20 [MA]. The second group of pregnant rats was injected with saline vehicle only [SAL]. On GD 21 their fetuses were removed and fetal brains were observed. We found various types of morphological damage in MA fetal brains, including microgyria, ectopia, and hemorrhage. In some cases, abnormal distribution of the leptomeninx, such as breach or accumulation, was observed in addition to these histological abnormalities. Therefore, we examined the expression of laminin, which is an important component of the pia mater, in the fetal brains. However, Western blot analysis revealed that there was no difference in expression amount of laminin in whole fetal brain between the MA and SAL groups. We concluded that methamphetamine use during pregnancy can cause histological brain alterations in fetuses. Morphological alterations of brain seen in the present study and previous human studies following prenatal exposure to methamphetamine might be related to the neurobehavioral abnormalities seen in patients who had been exposed to methamphetamine in utero.
Dynamic Neural Fields with Intrinsic Plasticity

Dynamic neural fields (DNFs) are dynamical systems models that approximate the activity of large, homogeneous, and recurrently connected neural networks based on a mean field approach. Within dynamic field theory, the DNFs have been used as building blocks in architectures to model sensorimotor embedding of cognitive processes. Typically, the parameters of a DNF in an architecture are manually tuned in order to achieve a specific dynamic behavior (e.g., decision making, selection, or working memory) for a given input pattern. This manual parameters search requires expert knowledge and time to find and verify a suited set of parameters. The DNF parametrization may be particular challenging if the input distribution is not known in advance, e.g., when processing sensory information. In this paper, we propose the autonomous adaptation of the DNF resting level and gain by a learning mechanism of intrinsic plasticity (IP). To enable this adaptation, an input and output measure for the DNF are introduced, together with a hyper parameter to define the desired output distribution. The online adaptation by IP gives the possibility to pre-define the DNF output statistics without knowledge of the input distribution and thus, also to compensate for changes in it. The capabilities and limitations of this approach are evaluated in a number of experiments.
Prognostic importance of the standardized uptake value on (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose-positron emission tomography scan in non-small-cell lung cancer: An analysis of 125 cases. Leuven Lung Cancer Group.

PURPOSE The amount of radio-labeled (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (FDG) uptake, a measurement of the increased glucose metabolism of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, has recently been correlated with proliferation capacity. The Standardized Uptake Value (SUV), a semi-quantitative measurement of FDG uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) scan, could thus be of prognostic significance. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the follow-up of 125 potentially operable NSCLC patients, previously included in three of our prospective PET protocols. Performance status, maximal tumor diameter, tumor-cell type, SUV, and final staging were analyzed for their possible association with survival. RESULTS Sixty-five patients had stage I or II NSCLC, 37 had stage IIIA, and 23 had stage IIIB. Treatment was complete resection in 91 cases. In a univariate analysis, performance status (P =.002), stage (P =.001), tumor diameter (P =.06), tumor-cell type (P =.03), and SUV greater than 7 (P =.001) were correlated with survival. For SUV, group dichotomy with a cut-off SUV of 7 had the best discriminative value for prognosis, both in the total and surgical cohort. A multivariate Cox analysis identified performance status (P =.02), stage (P =.01), and SUV (P =.007) as important for the prognosis. In the surgical group, patients with a resected tumor less than 3 cm had an expected 2-year survival of 86%, if the SUV was below 7, and 60%, if above 7. Nearly all resected tumors larger than 3 cm had SUV's greater than 7 and an expected 2-year survival of 43%. CONCLUSION We conclude that the FDG uptake in primary NSCLC on PET has an important prognostic value and could be complementary to other well-known factors in the decision on adjuvant treatment protocols.
Transient Thermoreflectance for Gate Temperature Assessment in Pulse Operated GaN-Based HEMTs

An experimental method to measure the gate metal temperature of GaN-based high electron mobility transistors is demonstrated. The technique is based on transient thermoreflectance measurements performed from the backside of the device. The thermoreflectance coefficient of the gate metal was calibrated by correlating the relative change of its optical reflectivity with the temperature change measured in the GaN layer using time-resolved Raman thermography during the device cooling transient. Simulated temperature transients were in good agreement with the experimental data. The main advantage of this new method is that it enables the direct assessment of gate metal temperature under device pulsed operation regardless of the device design.