Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Faster Improvement in Migraine Pain Intensity and Migraine‐Related Disability at Early Time Points with AVP‐825 (Sumatriptan Nasal Powder Delivery System) versus Oral Sumatriptan: A Comparative Randomized Clinical Trial Across Multiple Attacks from the COMPASS Study

Fast relief of migraine pain, associated symptoms, and migraine‐related disability are priorities in the acute treatment of migraine. Efforts to improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of acute migraine treatments with the aim of providing faster relief include the development of non‐oral routes of administration. AVP‐825 (ONZETRA® Xsail®) is a delivery system containing 22 mg sumatriptan powder that uses a patient's own breath to deliver medication intranasally, targeting the upper posterior nasal cavity beyond the narrow nasal valve, an area lined with vascular mucosa conducive to rapid drug absorption into the systemic circulation. While most studies comparing treatments measure differences in proportions of patients achieving a dichotomous endpoint at fixed time intervals, in this study we compare trajectories of migraine pain and disability over time for AVP‐825 versus 100 mg oral sumatriptan tablets.
Dust in active galactic nuclei. Mid-infrared T-ReCS/Gemini spectra using the new RedCan pipeline

Context. The unified model of active galactic nuclei (AGN) claims that the properties of AGN depend on the viewing angle of the observer with respect to a toroidal distribution of dust surrounding the nucleus. Both the mid-infrared (MIR) attenuation and continuum luminosity are expected to be related to dust associated with the torus. Therefore, isolating the nuclear component is essential for studying the MIR emission of AGN. Aims. This work is aimed at studying the MIR emission of AGN with the highest spatial resolution available to date, isolating its contribution from extended emission. We would like to address three fundamental questions: (1) how important is the AGN contribution to the MIR spectrum; (2) where dust attenuation arises; and (3) how does spatial resolution affect these issues. Methods. We compiled all the T-ReCS spectra (Gemini Observatory) available in the N-band for 22 AGN: 5 Type-1 and 17 Type-2 AGN. The high angular resolution of the T-ReCS spectra allowed us to probe physical regions of 57 pc (median). We used a novel pipeline called RedCan capable of producing flux- and wavelength-calibrated spectra for the CanariCam (GTC) and T-ReCS (Gemini) instruments. We measured the fine-structure [S IV] at 10.5 μm and the PAH at 11.3 μm line strengths, together with the silicate absorption/emission features. We also compiled Spitzer/IRS spectra to understand how spatial resolution influences the results. We complemented our sample with the results of 19 VISIR/VLT spectra (Paranal Observatory) and 20 nearby, highly obscured AGN (N_H > 1.5 × 10^(24) cm^(-2)) Spitzer spectra. Results. The 11.3 μm PAH feature is only clearly detected in the nuclear spectra of two AGN, while it is more common in the Spitzer data. For those two objects, the AGN emission in NGC 7130 accounts for more than 80% of the MIR continuum at 12 μm, while in the case of NGC 1808 the AGN does not dominate the MIR emission. This is confirmed by the correlation between the MIR and X-ray continuum luminosities. The [S IV] emission line at 10.5 μm, which is believed to originate in the narrow line region, is detected in most AGN. We have found an enhancement of the optical depth at 9.7 μm (τ_(9.7)) in the high-angular resolution data for higher values of N_H. Clumpy torus models reproduce the observed values only if the host-galaxy properties are taken into account.
Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Organizations

Organizational culture and organizational commitment are the most extensively researched about concepts in management studies, yet the two concepts still remain elusive as ever. Modern day organizations find themselves in doldrums of raising the commitment levels of members by adopting values and norms that are reflected in their cultures suiting to the environment in which they operate. However, the problem of commitment still persists and proves to be a daunting task for the management to overcome. The present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of culture on the commitment levels of the employees by taking into account the demographic variables. A survey of 371 respondents was carried out in the banking sector and the results indicate that one of the cultural types that is clan culture is most preferred by the employees. The result also shows that clan culture has the most significant relationship with all the three commitment dimensions as compared to other types of culture. Similarly, using the demographic variable of gender, it was found that females were more inclined towards affective commitment within their organization as compared to their male counterparts. There was no difference for the continuance commitment, whereas males were highly inclined towards normative commitment as compared to females.
Assessing nutritional status in the elderly evaluation of Chumlea equations for weight.

BACKGROUND Weight is one of the most important parameters in assessing nutritional status. However, weight can be difficult to measure in elderly people who are unable to stand. Chumlea et al. created two equations to estimate weight in non-ambulatory patients using readily available body measurements. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to analyze the usefulness of Chumlea equations in assessing nutritional status of elderly hospitalized patients. METHODS We measured weight, height, arm and calf circumference, subscapular skinfold and knee height of 82 hospitalized elderly patients, all of whom were able to stand. Estimated weight (EW) was obtained by Chumlea equations. Body mass index (BMI) and Mini Nutritional Assessment test (MNA) were calculated using actual weight and EW. Bland-Altmann analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between real and estimated parameters were assessed. RESULTS We found a statistically significant ICC between actual weight and EW (r = 0.926), real BMI and estimated BMI (r = 0.910) and real MNA and estimated MNA (r = 0.982) (p < 0.001). Chumlea equations, however, underestimated weight: 54.05 (DS 11.88) vs 61.46 (DS 13.08); BMI: 22.30 (DS 4.61) vs 25.36 (DS 5.17) and MNA: 22.73 (DS 4.43) vs 23.30 (DS 4.33) (P<0.001). In spite of this underestimation, estimated MNA detected 100% of patients malnourished and 96% of those at risk of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS Results obtained by Chumlea equations showed a good ICC with actual body weight and real BMI and MNA, but values were underestimated. These equations can be useful to detect undernourished hospitalized elderly patients.
Sound blending in the brain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation

The presence of high levels of background noise is a serious concern for functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of phonological processing using conventional methods. As a result, many such studies have focused on phonological units larger than phonemes (e.g. syllables) or used stimuli presented in the visual (e.g. printed letters) rather than the auditory domain. We used a recently developed functional magnetic resonance imaging method to present spoken stimuli without the scanner's background noise. Young adult participants mentally blended phonemes in a series (e.g. /b/, /ae/, /t/), counted the number of discrete tones, or rested. Relative to tone counting, sound blending elicited activation in bilateral temporal and prefrontal cortices with left asymmetry. Activation within the dorsoposterior inferior frontal gyrus, a subregion of Broca's area, was negatively correlated with sound-blending accuracy. Our findings are consistent with prior studies ascribing a role of general sequencing, motor and articulatory programming, and vocal or subvocal articulatory rehearsal to this brain region.
A Perspective on the Use of Concentration‐QT Modeling in Drug Development

I a separate article in this issue of the journal, Garnett et al describe how evaluation of the concentration-QT (C-QT) relationship plays a key role in the evaluation of proarrhythmic risk during regulatory review. We share their viewpoint and would like to offer a perspective on the utility of C-QT evaluation in clinical drug development, starting with the first studies in humans and extending to the regulatory review of “thorough QT” (TQT) studies described in the ICH E-14 guidance. Clinical drug development is a continuous process during which we acquire new data and integrate these data with existing information to make the most informed decisions. The focus in early clinical development should be on learning and using estimation methods that allow us to quantify responses such as QT prolongation as a function of drug exposure and other pertinent covariates. Sheiner has eloquently described how confirmatory approaches are too often used when learning or estimation should be of primary importance. Evaluation of the C-QT relationship is an excellent opportunity to apply the principles of model-based drug development. A suitable C-QT model can be used to pool data across all doses, time points, and studies instead of using only data at a particular time point after 1 particular dose in a given study. The estimate of QT response (with appropriate confidence interval) based on all the pertinent data at different levels of exposure can then be used to determine the therapeutic index relative to other pharmacologic effects as a function of dose/concentration. The following examples illustrate how C-QT modeling is very valuable to assess QT liability, starting with the first studies in humans, and also to properly interpret the results of TQT studies.
High-speed, high-reliability planar-structure superlattice avalanche photodiodes for 10-Gb/s optical receivers

This paper reports the planar-structure InAl-GaAs-InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SL-APDs) with a Ti-implanted guard-ring, which were developed for a compact and high-sensitivity 10-Gb/s optical receiver application. The design and fabrication of the novel concept planar-structure including the Ti-implanted guard-ring are described. The characteristics of the planar APDs are 0.36 /spl mu/A dark current at a multiplication factor of 10, 67% quantum efficiency, 110-GHz gain-bandwidth (GB) product, 15-GHz top-bandwidth, and - 27.2-dBm sensitivity at 10 Gb/s. The reliability was preliminary tested and the lifetime of longer than 10/sup 7/ h at 50/spl deg/C was estimated. The dark current characteristics including its temperature dependence and the excess noise characteristics are also analyzed. All the obtained characteristics exhibit the practical availability of the planar SL-APDs in the 10-Gb/s trunk line optical receiver uses.
The reliability of diagnosis using store-and-forward teledermatology

We compared diagnoses made by a teledermatologist from digital photographs and patient histories sent from general practitioners using a store-and-forward technique and those made by another dermatologist in a face-to-face consultation with the same patients. A total of 117 patients (mean age 47 years) were referred by 18 general practitioners for diagnosis of a skin condition. Between one and seven digital images were transmitted per case. In 31% of the cases, three images were transmitted. There was full concordance between store-and-forward and face-to-face diagnoses in 57 of 106 cases (54%); in 10 cases (9%) there was overlap between the differential diagnoses provided by the teledermatologist and the face-to-face consultant. Diagnostic categories with relatively high concordances were eczema and follicular eruptions. General practitioners need to be trained in the making of digital images and in giving a good patient history.
Joint Quasi-Orthogonal SFBC and Spatial Multiplexing in OFDM-MIMO Systems

In this work, we have combined quasi-orthogonal space-frequency block code (QSFBC) and spatial multiplexing (SM) in one joint diversity and multiplexing (JDM) structure. Minimum mean square error (MMSE) and zero forcing (ZF) nulling based ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) receivers are derived for above mentioned JDM scheme. Performance comparison is done in realistic wireless scenario. It is observed through simulations that our JDM scheme performs very well in presence of spatial correlation caused by antenna separation and by line of sight (LOS) situation. The gains in frame error rate (FER) and outage spectral efficiency for JDM schemes with studied receivers are very high compared to corresponding SM only schemes.
Association of angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme gene polymorphism with the depressor response to mild exercise therapy in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension

We studied the association of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism with the depressor response to exercise therapy in 64 Japanese subjects with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Each subject performed 10 weeks of mild (lactate threshold intensity: approximately 50% maximum oxygen consumption) exercise therapy on a bicycle ergometer. Systolic blood pressure (SPB), diastolic blood pressure (DPB), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly decreased by exercise therapy in subjects with the ACE‐II and ID genotypes but not in DD subjects. The time‐by‐genotype interaction effects were significant for DBP and MAP. According to a multiple logistic regression analysis, the age‐ and baseline plasma renin activity‐adjusted relative risk (odds ratio) for the lack of a depressor response conferred by the D allele (assuming an additive effect) was 2.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–6.91; p = 0.034]; for DD genotypes, as compared with the DI and II genotypes (assuming that the D allele is recessive), it was 11.7 (95% CI, 2.25–60.6; p = 0.003). ACE gene I/D polymorphism is associated with the depressor response of essential hypertensives to mild exercise therapy, which suggests that genetic features may underlie, at least in part, the heterogeneity of the depressor response in essential hypertensives to mild exercise therapy.
Selective Kinin Receptor Agonists as Cardioprotective Agents in Myocardial Ischemia and Diabetes

Cardiac ischemia is a leading cause of death, especially in diabetic patients. The diabetic ischemic heart is resistant experimentally to established cardioprotective treatments. New pharmacological approaches to cardiac protection are warranted. The kallikrein-kinin system is involved in myocardial protection in ischemia. Respective roles of B1 (B1R) and B2 (B2R) receptors remain controversial. We tested whether pharmacological activation of kinin receptors may have therapeutic effect in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion in nondiabetic (NDiab) and diabetic (Diab) mice. We assessed effect on infarct size (IS) and signaling pathways involved in myocardial protection of potent selective pharmacological agonists of B1R or B2R given at reperfusion. In NDiab mice, a B2R agonist reduced IS significantly by 47%, similarly to ramiprilat or ischemic postconditioning, via activation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt pathway leading to inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). B1R agonist had no effect on IS. In contrast, in Diab mice, the B2R agonist, ramiprilat, or ischemic postconditioning failed to reduce IS but a B1R agonist significantly reduced IS by 44% via activation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, both leading to GSK-3β inhibition. Differential effect of B2R or B1R agonists in NDiab and Diab mice can be linked to inactivation of B2R signaling and induction of B1R in heart of Diab mice. Thus, a pharmacological B2R agonist is cardioprotective in acute ischemia in nondiabetic animals. B1R agonist overcomes resistance of diabetic heart to cardioprotective treatments. Pharmacological activation of B1R and B2R may become a treatment for diabetic and nondiabetic patients, respectively, in acute coronary syndromes.
Sequencing the head and neck cancer genome: implications for therapy

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. The advancement of next‐generation sequencing technologies now enables the landscape of genetic alterations in HNSCCs to be deciphered. In this review, we describe the mutation spectrum discovered in HNSCCs, especially human papilloma virus–associated and/or tobacco smoke exposure–associated HNSCCs. We also describe related research from two independent investigators and from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Emphasis is placed on the therapeutic implications of genes frequently altered in HNSCCs (i.e., TP53, PIK3CA, and NOTCH1) and their corresponding pathways, with a particular focus on recent findings of Notch signaling pathway activation in HNSCC. We also discuss the application of integrated genomic pathway–based analysis for precision cancer therapy in HNSCC.
Waiting Time Estimation for Periodic Traffic Sources in a Chain of Nodes

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components are used in numerous communication systems and application fields for cost reduction. While this trend is adopted in various home and business scenarios, most components for safety critical systems are proprietary or significantly modified. This also applies to networks using IP over Ethernet. Hardly any accepted methods to certify safety critical communication networks with such COTS components exist. ,, This paper presents a Queueing Theory based heuristic to estimate end-to-end delay times for IP and Ethernet based communication systems with periodic traffic sources. Traffic source models depending on few parameters, e.g. Interrupted- Poisson-Processes (IPPs), are used. Required input is information on the sources, network topology and routing, which can be easily obtained in some domains, e.g. for maritime vessels. The methods are therefore demonstrated for a ship network.
Misoprostol Compared With Laminaria Before Early Second-Trimester Surgical Abortion: A Randomized Trial

Objective: To compare the efficacy and acceptability of same-day misoprostol and overnight laminaria for cervical ripening before early second-trimester surgical abortion. Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial comparing 400 &mgr;g of vaginal misoprostol, given 3–4 hours preoperatively, with overnight laminaria before early second-trimester surgical abortion among women at 13.0–16.0 weeks of gestation (n = 84). The primary outcome was procedure time, and the sample size was based on 95% power to detect a difference of 4.5 minutes between groups. Secondary outcomes included completion of the procedure on the first attempt, procedural difficulty, and patients' pain scores and preferences. Results: The average gestational duration was 14 weeks 6 days. Procedures performed after laminaria were significantly faster than those after misoprostol (median 3.4 versus 7.2 minutes, respectively, P = .01). Laminaria patients had significantly greater dilation than misoprostol patients at abortion (mean 43 versus 33 French, P < .001), and more misoprostol patients required additional dilation (85% versus 21%, P < .001). Physicians rated 27% of the misoprostol procedures as moderate-markedly difficult versus 5% of laminaria procedures (P = .01). Differences in efficacy were pronounced among nulliparous patients. There were no significant differences in ability to complete the procedure on the first attempt or patients' intraoperative pain scores. More women in the misoprostol group would choose their assigned method again (93% versus 62%, P < .01), and 82% of all subjects preferred a 1-day procedure. Conclusion: Early second-trimester abortions take longer and are technically more challenging after cervical ripening with same-day misoprostol than with overnight laminaria, but patients prefer same-day misoprostol. Level of Evidence: I
The Measurement of Complex Permittivity Tensor by Standing-Wave Method in Rectangular Waveguide

A rubber sheet manufactured by the rolling process strongly shows an anisotropic property, which is caused by carbon particles or carbon fibers aligned along the rolling direction. The measurement of the complex permittivity tensor in the rubber sheet is studied by a standing-wave method in a rectangular waveguide. The tensor elements, including nondiagonal and principal-direction ones, are measured and discussed. Errors in the measured tensor elements are evaluated.
The Sample Complexity of Optimizing a Convex Function

In this paper we study optimization from samples of convex functions. There are many scenarios in which we do not know the function we wish to optimize but can learn it from data. In such cases, we are interested in bounding the number of samples required to optimize the function. Our main result shows that in general, the number of samples required to obtain a non-trivial approximation to the optimum of a convex function is exponential in its dimension, even when the function is PAC-learnable. We also obtain strong lower bounds for strongly convex and Lipschitz continuous functions. On the positive side, we show that there are interesting classes of functions and distributions for which the sample complexity is polynomial in the dimension of the function.
Patient-Specific Deep Architectural Model for ECG Classification

Heartbeat classification is a crucial step for arrhythmia diagnosis during electrocardiographic (ECG) analysis. The new scenario of wireless body sensor network- (WBSN-) enabled ECG monitoring puts forward a higher-level demand for this traditional ECG analysis task. Previously reported methods mainly addressed this requirement with the applications of a shallow structured classifier and expert-designed features. In this study, modified frequency slice wavelet transform (MFSWT) was firstly employed to produce the time-frequency image for heartbeat signal. Then the deep learning (DL) method was performed for the heartbeat classification. Here, we proposed a novel model incorporating automatic feature abstraction and a deep neural network (DNN) classifier. Features were automatically abstracted by the stacked denoising auto-encoder (SDA) from the transferred time-frequency image. DNN classifier was constructed by an encoder layer of SDA and a softmax layer. In addition, a deterministic patient-specific heartbeat classifier was achieved by fine-tuning on heartbeat samples, which included a small subset of individual samples. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Results showed that an overall accuracy of 97.5% was achieved using the proposed model, confirming that the proposed DNN model is a powerful tool for heartbeat pattern recognition.
Preface to The Biology of Disadvantage: Socioeconomic Status and Health

How does socioeconomic status "get into the body" to affect health? A decade ago, when the MacArthur Foundation Research Network onSocioeconomic Status and Health began to answer this question, fewstudies directly tested the pathways and mechanisms that contributeto the gradient relationship between socioeconomic status andhealth. The scientific research presented in this volume captures wherethe field stands after 10 years of intense research by theMacArthur Network and others into the mechanisms of healthdisparities. In addition, it illustrates the power of amultidisciplinary approach to complex social issues. Finally, itpresents potential applications of the accumulated knowledge forsocial interventions and raises pragmatic issues that are importantto consider when science is translated into policy andintervention. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual booksor as a journal. For information on institutional journalsubscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing. com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciencesdirectly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the NewYork Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annalsonline and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas. org/MemberCenter/Join.aspxfor more information about becoming a member.