Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Touch-down and take-off characteristics of the long jump performance of world level above- and below-knee amputee athletes

The aims of this study were to establish the take-off characteristics of long jump performance of disabled amputee athletes, and to establish to what extent amputee athletes conform to a model of performance defined for elite able-bodied athletes. The jumps of 8 male below-knee (trans-tibial) and 8 male above-knee (trans-femoral) amputee athletes who competed in the finals of the long jump at the 1998 World Disabled Championships were recorded in the sagittal plane on video (50 Hz). Approach speed was measured using a laser Doppler system. The best jump for each athlete was digitized, and kinematic data from the key instants of touch-down (TD), maximum knee flexion (MKF) and take-off (TO) were obtained. Amputees demonstrated a lower approach speed and jumped less far than able-bodied athletes although below-knee amputees performed better than above-knee amputees. For each amputee group there was a significant (p < 0.05) linear relationship between approach speed and distance jumped. With the exception of their slower horizontal speed and greater negative vertical speed at touch-down, below-knee amputees demonstrated characteristics of technique that were similar to elite able-bodied long jumpers. Above-knee amputees at touchdown had a more upright trunk, smaller hip and knee angles and consequently a smaller leg angle. This was attributed to the difficulty of taking off on the last stride on the prosthetic limb. Consequently, above-knee amputees were less able to gain vertical velocity during the compression (TD-MKF) phase, but were able to compensate for this by using a greater hip range of motion during the extension (MKF-TO) phase. It was concluded that below-knee amputees displayed the same basic jumping technique as elite able-bodied long jumpers, but above-knee amputees did not. These findings have implications for the training and technical preparation of amputee long jumpers.
The impact of extroversion or menopause status on depressive symptoms among climacteric women in Taiwan: neuroticism as moderator or mediator?

Objective: The study was designed to test whether neuroticism moderated the effect of extroversion and mediated the impact of menopause status on depressive symptoms among women in Taiwan during their menopausal transition. Design: A sample of 197 women, aged 40 to 60 years, were recruited from the community. We used Ko's Depression Inventory, the Five-Factor Inventory-Chinese version, the Menopausal Symptoms Scale, and the Chinese version of the Modified Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime to gather data. Moreover, each woman underwent a semistructured diagnostic interview in person to obtain her lifetime psychiatric history. Results: The hierarchy regression analyses showed that the interaction between neuroticism and extroversion was statistically significant. Further analyses indicated that in the high neuroticism group, extroversion was negatively associated with depressive symptoms; however, in the low neuroticism group, extroversion was not correlated with depressive symptoms. Menopause status was correlated with depressive symptoms, but after adding neuroticism and extroversion, the main effect of menopause status became insignificant. Results of the Sobel test showed that depressive symptoms of women during the menopause transition largely represented neuroticism. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the lower levels of extroversion are associated with depression among all stages of menopausal women with high levels of neuroticism; moreover, all stages of menopausal women who have high levels of neuroticism are more vulnerable to depression. The results support that personality may play an important role in women's depression during the transition of menopausal status.
Postprandial hyperglycemia and pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis patients.

Pancreatic endocrine function was studied in 50 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 15 healthy controls by measuring glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and gastro-inhibitory polypeptide responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Biochemical and clinical parameters were also measured, including glycosylated hemoglobin A1, serum immunoreactive trypsin, fasting urinalysis, pulmonary function, percentage body fat and 3-day dietary records. According to National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria, 6 CF patients had impaired glucose tolerance (ICF), with elevated serum glucose concentrations and reduced and delayed insulin secretion compared with control (CON) subjects, although none were overtly diabetic. Although the remaining 44 CF patients (NCF) did not meet NDDG criteria for impaired glucose tolerance, mean area under the concentration curve (AUC) for glucose was greater than control values and AUC for insulin diminished. HbA1 levels in the 2 CF groups were greater than that of controls subjects, but there was little difference between ICF and NCF groups. C-peptide levels paralleled those of insulin for the 3 groups throughout OGTT. There was little difference in GIP secretion between groups, and the enteroinsular axis was intact in the control and NCF groups and slightly increased in the ICF group. Basal glucagon concentrations and AUC for glucagon during OGTT were similar for the 3 groups, but glucose-induced glucagon suppressibility i.e., basal to nadir change in each subject, was reduced in the ICF group. Serum IRT concentration was significantly lower in the ICF and NCF groups compared to control subjects, and was lowest in the ICF group. A strong correlation was observed in the ICF group between FEF25-75 and AUC for insulin, as well as HbA1 level and AUC for glucose. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in 50 CF patients was 12%. Despite extensive comparisons of biochemical and clinical parameters with endocrine function in this population, we were unable to define reliable criteria for predicting glucose intolerance.
Chronic calorie restriction increases susceptibility of laboratory mice (Mus musculus) to a primary intestinal parasite infection

Long‐term calorie restriction (CR) has numerous benefits; however, effects of CR on susceptibility to intact pathogens are not well understood. Because CR enhances immune function of laboratory mice (Mus musculus), it was hypothesized that mice subjected to CR would be less susceptible to experimental infections of the intestinal parasite Heligmosomoides bakeri. Furthermore, because H. bakeri must combat a greater host immune response by CR mice compared to fully fed mice, it also was also hypothesized that (i) worms living in CR hosts would have lower reproduction than worms from ad libitum‐fed mice, and (ii) CR mice would have a more female‐biased sex ratio as male worms may be more vulnerable to host immune response than female worms. Mice were subjected to CR for 6.7 months and were then infected with H. bakeri for one additional month. As expected, CR mice had equal or enhanced immune response (eosinophils and immunoglobin G1 production) to H. bakeri infection compared to ad libitum‐fed mice, and CR mice harbored a more female‐biased sex ratio than ad libitum‐fed mice. Contrary to predictions, CR mice had more worms than ad libitum‐fed mice and the worms from CR mice produced more eggs than worms from ad libitum‐fed mice. These data indicate that, despite the evidence that long‐term CR enhances traditional measures of immune function, CR may actually increase susceptibility to intact parasite infection. Furthermore, changes in worm reproduction and differential survival of male vs. female worms may influence host–parasite transmission dynamics during long‐term host CR.
Projections from the mesial frontal cortex (supplementary motor area) to the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem of the macaca mulatta

The first to suggest that the mesial surface of the frontal lobe anterior to the classic motor area (area 4) may effect motor activity was Foerster ( ’36), who described synergistic movements elicited by stimulation of this area. Penfield and Welch ( ’49) identified a similar area in man and called it the “supplcmentary motor area. ” Woolsey et al. ( ’52) and Welker et al. (’57) investigated this region in rhesus and squirrel monkeys, and concluded that there is a topographic localization of motor function on the mesial cortex. After studying the neurologic deficits which resulted from lesions in this region, Travis ( ’55) concluded that the projections of the system must be bilateral since the consequent increase in muscle tone was greater and more enduring after bilateral than after unilateral lesions. Rertrand ( ’56)’ who used elcctrophysiological techniques, found evidence of a direct bilateral projection to the spinal cord similar to that from area 4. Because Travis (’55) attributed the spasticity resulting from lesions of the frontal cortex to involvement
Effects of inherited thrombophilia in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION To evaluate the prevalence and effects of inherited thrombophilia caused by factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutations in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. METHODS A study group of 97 women with recurrent miscarriages and a control group of 71 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Genotype analyses for factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The frequency of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and MTHFR C677T mutations were similar in both the study and control group. There were eight patients (8.2%) who had more than one gene mutation in the study group and one patient in the control group (1.4%). This difference was not statistically significant. Study group patients (n = 97) were compared in terms of the number of miscarriages and the abortion week, in addition to being a carrier of factor V Leiden and MTHFR C677T gene mutations. No statistically significant correlation was found between being a factor V Leiden and MTHFR C677T mutation carrier with either the number of miscarriages or the abortion week. CONCLUSION Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and MTHFR C677T gene mutations are not individually related with recurrent pregnancy loss. However, combined gene mutation status may be associated with recurrent miscarriages.
Olanzapine Orally Disintegrating Tablet: A Review of Efficacy and Compliance

Medication nonadherence, especially in psychiatric disorders, has been associated with treatment failure and other negative outcomes. Orally disintegrating formulations have been developed as an alternative to improve medication adherence. This report reviews the properties, efficacy, and safety profile of olanzapine as an orally disintegrating tablet, and explores their association with medication compliance compared with standard oral formulation. Medical literature, published on orally disintegrating formulation of olanzapine identified using Pubmed and EMBASE, was used. Additional references were identified from the reference lists of published articles. Bibliographical information, including contributory unpublished data, was also requested from the company developing the drug. Studies evaluating the biostability, biodisposability, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of orally disintegrating olanzapine as treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders were reviewed. Measurement tools included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impressions‐Severity (CGI‐S), Simpson‐Angus Scale (SAS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, and Nursing Assessment of Medication Acceptance (NAMA). Orally disintegrating olanzapine, an effective atypical antipsychotic with an acceptable safety profile, can facilitate the burden of treatment on patients and caregivers due to its ease of administration. This is especially important in diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, which can be chronic and require long‐term treatment.
Evaluation of Primary immunization coverage in an urban area of Bareilly city using Cluster Sampling Technique

Infectious diseases are major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. One of the most cost effective and easy methods for the child survival is immunization. Objective of present study was to find out the various reasons for partial or non immunization of child and to assess the factors associated with immunization. The present cross sectional study was carried out in urban slums of Bareilly city from April 2010 to Aug. 2010 using 30 by 7 cluster sampling technique. A total of seven children aged 12-23 months were interviewed from each cluster on pre tested, predesigned schedule, thus giving us the sample size of 210.Chi square test was applied for statistical analysis. Two third children (61.9%) were found to be fully immunized. Immunization coverage was high for BCG (92.86%) and lowest for measles (62.38%). Most common reason (50%) for partial and non immunization of children was found to be ignorance on the part of parents. Religion, education of both mother and father was found to be significantly associated with immunization status. The need of the hour is to make routine immunization a “felt need” of the community. Increasing the knowledge and understanding of the caretakers of the young children about the essentiality and benefits of routine immunization would be a strong step forward in achieving the goals.
The Role of Visual Experience in Mental Scanning of Actual Pathways: Evidence from Blind and Sighted People

In this research we compare blind and normally sighted people in mental scanning of spatial maps using locomotor or visual/locomotor exploration of a real 3-D environment. Different types of visual experience were tested: early (congenital) and late (adventitious) onset of blindness, short-term deprivation (blindfolded-sighted), and full vision (sighted). Participants were asked to learn six positions in a large parking area with movement alone (congenital, adventitious, blindfolded-sighted) or with vision plus movement (sighted), and then to mentally scan between positions in the path. Finally, they had to describe how they imagined scanning the learned pathway. We found a significant linear relation between space and time, ie the classic mental scanning effect, in all tested groups. However, the linear component was lower in blind participants, especially congenital. Instead, short-term visual deprivation had minimal impact on mental scanning. Overall, blind participants had shorter scanning times than both sighted groups, and the effect was particularly evident with farther distances. These results suggest that there is a quantitative rather than a qualitative difference between the blind and the sighted. In addition, the mental scanning strategies reported by participants also affected mental scanning times. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Rapidly and slowly activating components of delayed rectifier K+ current in guinea‐pig sino‐atrial node pacemaker cells

The components and properties of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) in isolated guinea‐pig sino‐atrial (SA) node pacemaker cells were investigated using the whole‐cell configuration of the patch‐clamp technique. An envelope of tails test was conducted by applying depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of −50 mV to +30 mV for various durations ranging from 40 to 2000 ms. The ratio of the tail current amplitude elicited upon return to the holding potential to the magnitude of the time‐dependent outward current activated during depolarizing steps was dependent on the pulse duration, while after exposure to the selective IKr inhibitor E‐4031 (5 μm) this current ratio became practically constant irrespective of the pulse duration. These observations are consistent with the presence of the E‐4031‐sensitive, rapidly activating and E‐4031‐resistant, slowly activating components of IK (IKr and IKs, respectively) in guinea‐pig SA node cells. The activation range for IKr, defined as the E‐4031‐sensitive current (half‐maximal activation voltage (V1/2) of −26.2 mV) was much more negative than that for IKs, defined as the E‐4031‐resistant current (V1/2 of +17.2 mV). IKr exhibited a marked inward rectification at potentials positive to −50 mV, whereas IKs showed only a slight rectification. In the current‐clamp experiments, bath application of E‐4031 (0.5 and 5 μm) initially slowed the repolarization at potentials negative to approximately −30 mV and produced a significant depolarization of the maximum diastolic potential, followed by the arrest of electrical activity, thus indicating that the late phase of the repolarization leading to the maximum diastolic potential at around −60 mV in spontaneous action potentials is primarily produced by IKr in guinea‐pig SA node cells. External application of the selective IKs inhibitor 293B (30 μm) also delayed the repolarization process at potentials negative to about −20 mV and induced moderate depolarization of the maximum diastolic potential leading to the arrest of the spontaneous activity. These results provide evidence to suggest that both IKr and IKs are present and play crucial roles in the spontaneous electrical activity of guinea‐pig SA node pacemaker cells.
Looking for Hypergiants in PeeringDB Timm Böttger

Hypergiants, such as Google or Netflix, are important organisations in the Internet ecosystem, due to their sheer impact in terms of traffic volume exchanged. However, the research community still lacks a sufficiently crisp definition for them, beyond naming specific instances of them. In this paper we analyse PeeringDB data and identify features that differentiate hypergiants from the other organisations. To this end, we first characterise the organisations present in PeeringDB, allowing us to identify discriminating properties of the these organisations. We then use these properties to separate the data in two clusters, differentiating hypergiants from other organisations. We conclude this paper by investigating how hypergiants and other organisations exploit the IXP ecosystem to reach the global IPv4 space.
On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms

Computational complexity theory the study of the.A common way to evaluate the time complexity of an algorithm is to use asymptotic worst-case. Problem Complexity: Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems.In computer science, the time complexity of an algorithm quantifies the amount of time taken by an algorithm to run as a function of the length of the string. A common way okul oncesi egitim kavram listesi 2012 pdf to evaluate the time complexity of an algorithm is to use asymptotic worst-case analysis and to express the cost of the.
Marital stability, satisfaction and well-being in old age: variability and continuity in long-term continuously married older persons

Objectives: Recent research shows that the well-documented positive effects of marital stability on well-being and health outcomes are conditional upon the quality of marriage. To date, few studies have explored the relationship between marital satisfaction, well-being and health among very long-term married individuals. This study aims at identifying groups of long-term married persons with respect to marital satisfaction and comparing them longitudinally concerning their well-being outcomes, marital stressors, personality and socio-demographic variables. Method: Data are derived from a survey (data collection 2012 and 2014) with 374 continuously married individuals at wave 1 (mean age: 74.2 years, length of marriage: 49.2 years) and 252 at wave 2. Cluster analyses were performed comparing the clusters with regard to various well-being outcomes. The predictive power of cluster affiliation and various predictors at wave 1 on well-being outcomes at wave 2 was tested using regression analyses. Results: Two groups were identified, one happily the other unhappily married, with the happily married scoring higher on all well-being and health outcomes. Regression analyses revealed that group affiliation at wave 1 was not any longer predictive of health, emotional loneliness and hopelessness two years later, when taking into account socio-demographic variables, psychological resilience and marital strain, whereas it remained an important predictor of life satisfaction and social loneliness. Conclusion: Marital satisfaction is associated with health and well-being in older couples over time, whereas psychological resilience and marital strain are major predictors explaining the variance of these outcomes.
Molecular Cloning of a Babesia caballi Gene Encoding the 134-Kilodalton Protein and Evaluation of Its Diagnostic Potential in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

ABSTRACT A Babesia caballi gene encoding the 134-kDa (BC134) protein was immunoscreened with B. caballi-infected horse serum. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant BC134 protein could effectively differentiate B. caballi-infected horse sera from Babesia equi-infected or noninfected control horse sera. These results suggest that the recombinant BC134 protein is a potential diagnostic antigen in the detection of B. caballi infection.
Site Demonstration of Terra-Kleen Response Group's Mobile Solvent Extraction Process.

The U.S. EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program evaluated a pilot-scale solvent extraction process developed by the Terra-Kleen Response Group (TKRG). This process uses a proprietary solvent, or mixture of solvents, to extract organic contaminants from solids. A pilot-scale evaluation was conducted at Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI), near San Diego, CA, on soils which were contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other organic substances. Five tons of soil with an average PCB concentration of 144 mg/kg were excavated, homogenized, and equally distributed to five extraction vessels. Eleven extraction cycles were used to produce a treated soil with an average PCB concentration of 1.71 mg/kg on a dry weight basis (98.8% removed). Oil and Grease (O&G) removal efficiencies were found to be 65.9%. This low O&G removal efficiency was attributed to solvent/solute relationships. Initial concentrations of hexachlorodibenzofuran (HxCDF) in soils averaged 0.697 jig/kg. Following solvent extraction, no HxCDFs were detected (<0.117 fxg/kg) in soil samples. A fullscale solvent extraction system was operated at a site in Stockton, California. Pesticides were extracted from 500 tons of contaminated soil using 19 extractors, each 20 cubic yards in volume. Three extraction cycles produced solids with <0.093 mg/kg residual pesticide (>99% removed). These results demonstrate that the TKRG's solvent extraction process is effective in removing organic contaminants from soils.
Examining the relation of parenting to children's coping with everyday stress.

The relation between parenting and the coping styles of children in response to everyday stress was investigated. 60 children, 9-10 years old, and their mothers participated. Children and mothers described how they responded to stressful episodes the child had experienced within the past 2 months. Mothers completed questionnaires that assessed a variety of parenting dimensions (e.g., nurturance, directiveness, organization). Results indicated that (a) the aspects of child coping studied (e.g., perceived effectiveness, variety of coping strategies) were relatively independent, (b) children from families with high levels of maternal support and relatively low levels of family structure used the greatest variety of coping strategies, (c) children of supportive mothers used the greatest number of avoidant strategies (but only in uncontrollable situations), and (d) children from families with high levels of parental structure used fewer aggressive coping strategies.