Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of the numerical parameters of a continuous damage model for the structural analysis of clay brick masonry

Models based on the continuous damage theory present good responses in representing the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete structures with loss of strength and stiffness of the material. However, damage theory is rarely employed in the analysis of masonry structures and numerical simulations are currently performed mostly by Finite Element Method formulations. A computational program was designed to determine the numerical parameters of a damage model of the physical properties of masonry components, solid clay brick and mortar. The model was formulated based on the composition of tensile and compressive surface strengths in the plane stress state. The numerical parameters, the corresponding curves of the activation surfaces and the evolution of the surfaces are presented. The results were fed into the computational program based on the Boundary Element Method (BEM) for the simulation of masonry walls, and two types of masonry were simulated. The results confirm the good performance of the model and the program based on the BEM.
A wind tunnel investigation of the deformation of water drops in the vertical and horizontal electric fields

the ratio of minor-to-major axis of the 2.6-mm diameter drop by 3%. An examination of the frequency distribution of the drop’s axis ratio shows that during its oscillations, oblateness decreases more often when subjected to vertical electric field and increases more often when subjected to horizontal electric field. Extreme values of distortion increase and are attained more frequently when drop is oscillating in electric field. It is concluded that the drop size distribution will be wider and thus the rate of drop’s growth faster in those regions of cloud where the electric field direction is vertical rather than horizontal.
Orbital structure and mass distribution in elliptical galaxies

We report on a homogeneous dynamical anal- ysis of a sample of 21 round (17 E0/E1, 4 E2) elliptical galaxies. We present new kinematic data for eight of these galaxies and new photometry for one object. The remain- ing kinematic and photometric data and the required distance information are taken from the literature. The analysis uses non-parametric spherical models and takes into account line prole information as well as velocity dispersions. We present model ts to the kinematic data and the derived radial proles of orbital anisotropy and B-band mass-to-light ratio, including condence intervals. The circular velocity curves resulting from our model ts are all consistent with being flat outside R 0:3Re. Generally, the M=L ratio proles show an outward increase, although models based on luminous matter are ruled out at 95% condence only for three galaxies (NGC 2434, NGC 7507, NGC 7626). For NGC 1399, NGC 4472, NGC 4486, and NGC 4636, where X-ray observations are available, the mass proles of the best t models match the ones derived from the X-ray analysis. The best models for most galaxies are isotropic to slightly radially anisotropic, with typical = 0.79 for this sample of luminous ellipticals) and of small embedded disks. Our results suggest that elliptical galaxies have surprisingly uniform dynamical properties.
Neglect is a Spatial Failure of Alerting Mechanisms Required for Awareness: An ERP Study

In the present study, we describe a group of right brain-damaged (RBD) patients with neglect or extinction, most of them affected in all three (visual, auditory, somatosensory) modalities studied. We applied event-related potential (ERP) analysis to reveal the neural mechanisms underlying hemispatial neglect. ERPs to stimuli of all three modalities were determined for the patients with neglect/extinction at (sub)acute phase, and 3 and 12 months post-stroke. Our results demonstrated that N1 deflections in ERPs, reflecting fronto-parietal alerting mechanisms, were absent or diminished/delayed in neglect, and the waves became normalized with recovery from neglect. In somatosensory ERPs, similar changes were evident also in P1 deflections preceding the N1, reflecting activation of the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII). We also demonstrated somatosensory ERPs of some of our patients who showed different responses elicited by low intensity electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist depending on the location of the hands either in uncrossed anatomical position or crossed over the body midline to the other hemispace. Our results indicate that there are cases among patients with hemispatial neglect who do indeed show emergence or increment of responses to left-hand stimulation when the arm is crossed to the right hemispace. Therefore, we propose that the mechanism underlying hemispatial neglect is the disruption of the flow of (location related) sensory information to awareness at the level of multimodal alerting mechanisms.
Estimation and Comparative Analysis of Environmental Efficiency in China, with and without Consideration of Haze

This paper aims to introduce the new constraints of PM2.5 into the environmental effi ciency research framework, based on the provincial panel data of China during 2001-12. The authors examine environmental effi ciency with and without consideration of PM2.5, conduct hypothesis tests on these environmental effi ciencies, and analyze the energy savings and haze reduction. The results indicate that the overall environmental effi ciency score is ineffi cient. The average environmental effi ciency scores are 0.706 and 0.867 with and without the consideration of PM2.5, respectively, and omitting PM2.5 would result in biased environmental effi ciency change. In addition, empirical analysis shows that there is an unbalanced regional development and signifi cant differences among provinces in environmental effi ciency. Last but not the least, the potential savings of energy, water, and regional haze reduction average 24.26%, 39.16%, and 26.49%, respectively.
Resolving Human‐Bear Conflict: A Global Survey of Countries, Experts, and Key Factors

Human‐bear conflicts cause annoyance, financial losses, injuries, and even death to people. In poorer parts of the world, conflicts with bears can affect local economies. Retaliation against bears may threaten the future of small, isolated populations. Our survey of the world's bear experts revealed that the problem is worsening in terms of severity of conflicts and their impact on bear conservation on all four continents inhabited by bears. However, the main drivers of conflict, and its manifestations, differ among bear species. We reviewed human‐bear conflict management plans from which we identified 10 categories of mitigating interventions that together comprise a ubiquitous bear conflict management toolbox. Within this toolbox, the peer‐reviewed literature indicates heavy reliance on education and physical barriers for conflict mitigation. In customizing these general approaches to local circumstances, it is important to be mindful of starkly varying geopolitical and social circumstances. There is a pressing need to improve transfer of knowledge from places with active empirical research on mitigation (especially North America), and adapting methodologies to other parts of the world. We saw little evidence of evaluation and adaptive management in the conflict plans. Failure to mitigate conflicts may reduce society's tolerance of bears and diminish conservation efforts.
Application of pseudo-analysis in the synchronization of container terminal equipment operation

Based on the global increase in the volume of containerized goods, there is an emerging need for analysis and improvement in all aspects of the logistic chain of container transport. Mathematical description of equipment operation in container terminal is of key importance for understanding complex container terminals. This paper presents an innovative concept in the modeling of a container reloading operation inside a container terminal and its equipment based on pseudo-analysis in the form of max-plus semiring. The presented synchronization of the equipment operation (quay container cranes and automated guided vehicles, shortly AGV) during container unloading leads to minimization of the required number of automated guided vehicles. The presented method is demonstrated in a numerical example.
First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation

Abstract Mutnovskite, ideally Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), is a new mineral from the high-temperature fumaroles of the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation. It occurs as microscopic rubycolored short-prismatic crystals up to 100 μm across, closely associated with halogen-sulfosalts of Pb, Bi, and As, Cd-Pb-Bi sulfosalts, pyrite, anhydrite, and cristobalite. Mutnovskite is transparent in thin fragments with a dark-red to blue color. The crystals are soft and fragile. Cleavage and fracture were not observed and the Mohs hardness is approximately 2. In reflected light mutnovskite is silvery lead-grey in color with an iridescent tarnish. Pleochroism and anisotropy are not visible because of the strong orange internal reflections, especially in immersion. Reflectance percentages measured in air in the range 400.700 nm were tabulated. Reflectance percentages (Rmin and Rmax) for the four COM wavelengths are 34.2, 34.6 (470 nm), 33.2, 33.5 (546 nm), 32.5, 32.7 (589 nm), and 31.4, 31.7 (650 nm), respectively. A mean of four electron microprobe analyses gave Pb 62.0(3), As 11.0(4), Bi 0.6(1), S 14.4(2), Se 0.2(3), I 8.9(3), Cl 2.44(9), Br 1.1(7), Cu 0.03(2), Fe 0.01(1), total 100.7 wt%, corresponding, on the basis of a total of 7 atoms, to Pb1.99(As0.98Bi0.02)Σ1. 00(S2.98Se0.02)Σ3. 00(I0.47Cl0.46Br0.09)Σ1. 02. The nine strongest powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 4.69 (32) (002); 4.37 (67) (210); 3.34 (73) (020); 3.19 (100) (212); 2.715 (61) (022); 2.648 (66) (410); 2.539 (31) (213); 2.455 (29) (402); 1.894 (30) (232). Mutnovskite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a = 11.543(1), b = 6.6764(7), and c = 9.359(1) Å, V = 721.3(1) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R = 4.14%. It consists of three independent cation positions: Pb1 and Pb2 have tricapped trigonal prismatic coordinations with S and I atoms (completed with one As atom in the case of Pb2), while As has threefold coordination with S atoms, which form the base of a trigonal pyramid with As at the apex. Pairs of Pb1-Pb2 prisms are connected in columns which extend along c. AsS3 coordinations are isolated from each other. S atoms and half of the Pb atoms form wavy close-packed layers. Two kinds of channels parallel to boccur between the layers. The smaller channels host As atoms close to the channel walls, with their lone-electron pairs occupying the median part, while the bigger ones accommodate rows of alternating halogen and Pb atoms. The new mineral is named after the type locality, the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation.
A METHOD TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION USING CLASIFICATION TREE MODELS

n this paper we propose a method for improving the evaluation process of economic performance applied for the case of the 28 European Union countries based on macroeconomic indicators, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and CHAID decision trees. Using indicators of economic growth, current account, labour productivity, unemployment rate and real net earnings for the year 2013 we first applied a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and identified two main E.U. country clusters— one corresponding to high economic performance countries and the second one corresponding to the E.U. countries with lower economic performances in 2013. We then build several CHAID decisional trees and tested their prediction ability in order to determine the most efficient model that can correctly classify the E.U. countries into high and low economic performance countries.
Prevalence of HIV Seropositivity Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients at the Yaoundé Central Hospital

Introduction and aim . Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive genetic blood disorder, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape and often shows itself by chronic hemolytic anemia. Patients are exposed to multiple blood transfusions throughout their life with a higher risk of contacting viruses such as major human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence HIV infection in sickle cell patient accounting the number of received transfusions. Patients and methods This was a cross sectional analytical study performed on the sickle cell patients of the sickle cell clinic of the Yaounde Central Hospital from July 2008 to January 2009. Sociodemographic data, transfusion history were recorded. A serological testing with ELISA method was done. Results : Hundred and eight (108) patients were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. More than half (52.78%) was male and the mean age of patients was 21+/-9 years (5-47). HIV antibodies were found in six patients (5,6%). Five of 6 infected patients were Female (p = 0.028). All HIV positive patients have already been transfused and HIV seropositivity increased with the number of blood transfusions (r = 0.24, P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results show the vulnerability of the polytransfused patients with sickle cell anemia towards HIV infection and the necessity of strengthening the transfusional safety policy.
STUDY OF GENETIC CONTROL OF SOLUBLE PROTEIN IN ROOT NODULES AND SEEDS IN BLACKGRAM ( Vigna mungo ( L . ) Hepper )

The genetic control of soluble protein in root nodules and seeds per plant in four lines of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) in two different crosses (cross I: 5×21 & cross II: 17×20) were studied separately. Additive-dominance relationships for soluble protein in root nodules in cross II and also for soluble protein in seeds in both of the crosses were non-significant. Potence values were significant in all the cases except for soluble protein in seeds in cross I. Components of variation, D and H for both of the characters and crosses expressed positive and negative values. Negative sign was due to large sampling variation and genotypeenvironmental interaction. Dominance ratio showed complete to over dominance in negative direction, which indicated dominance towards decreasing parent. The narrow sense heritability, being high mostly, indicated that selection might be fruitful for soluble protein in nodules in cross I and for soluble protein in seeds in cross II. Genetic advance (GA) was negative in most of the cases, but in some cases it showed positive genetic advance. Positive genetic advance in narrow sense for the characters in root nodules in cross I and for the same in seeds in cross II accompanied by high narrow sense heritability was obtained. This indicated that selection of soluble protein in nodules and seeds in these crosses would likely be fruitful in an advance generations.
Title 1-D modeling of radionuclide transport via heterogeneous geological formations for arbitrary length decay chains using numerical inversion of Laplace transforms Permalink

We present the Laplace-transformed analytical solution (LTAS) to the one-dimensional radionuclide transport equation for an arbitrary length decay-chain through an arbitrary combination of multiply fractured and porous transport segments subject to an arbitrary time-dependent release mode at the entrance point to the series of transport segments. The LTAS may be numerically inverted to obtain the time-dependent concentration of the radionuclides of interest at an arbitrary down gradient location. For a special case, where the source function is defined as the band release with a single radionuclide without precursors, the Laplace inverse transformation could be performed analytically, yielding a closed-form analytical solution. A computer code, TTBX, has been developed by implementing the LTAS, and benchmarked against the closed-form analytical solution. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the utility of these solutions and the importance of increased fidelity in the transport pathway for reliable performance assessment for the geological disposal of spent nuclear fuels. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Molecular Identification of African Trypanosome Stabilates from Livestock in Lamu County, Kenya

A study was conducted to characterize infectious trypanosomes in domestic animals within Lamu County, Kenya, using parasitological and molecular techniques. Fifteen trypanosome stabilates and 92 whole blood samples collected from parasitologically negative animals were randomly retrieved from the cryobank freezer at the Biotechnology Research Institute, (KALRO-BioRI), Kenya, and characterized. Human serum resistance associated (SRA) gene present in T. b. rhodesiense was used to differentiate T. brucei positive stabilates. Results showed that 10/15(67%) trypanosome stabilates and 13/92(14%) whole blood samples from cattle, donkeys and goats were positive using PCR. Positive T. congolense 5/23(22%) yielded a product size of 700bp using ITS1 primers. The Brucei group 7/23(30%) and T. vivax 11/23(48%) amplicons were 480bp and 250bp, respectively. Identified trypanosome stabilates were T. b. brucei (7) T. vivax (2) and T. congolense Savannah (1). Whole blood PCR profiles revealed 13 isolates namely T. vivax (9) and T. congolense Savannah (4) . Trypanosoma b. brucei , T. vivax and T. congolense Savannah were the etiological agents for AAT in donkeys. In contrast, T. vivax and T. congolense Savannah caused the disease in cattle, and T. b. brucei in goat within Lamu County. The study underscores the significance of molecular and parasitological methods during epidemiological monitoring and surveillance of disease. Keywords : Trypanosomes, livestock, PCR, Lamu County, Kenya
MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN HIGH SPEED HARD TURNING WITH COATED AND UNCOATED CBN INSERT

This study focuses on predictive model for Ra and optimization of cutting conditions in high speed hard turning of X40CrMoV5-1 steel by CBN insert. Cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and coating condition have been considered as cutting parameters. The experiments have been performed in CNC lathe according to Taguchi L 32 orthogonal array. The first order mathematical model for the Ra has been developed with multiple regression analysis. Optimization study with analysis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios has indicated that feed rate is the negatively most significant factor for Ra under dry cutting conditions. The best surface roughness has been achieved by the lower feed rate and uncoated CBN insert.
Outcomes of social support programs in brain cancer survivors in an Australian community cohort: a prospective study

This study evaluated the impact of social support programs on improving cancer related disability, neuro-cognitive dysfunction and enhancing participation (quality of life (QoL), social reintegration) in brain tumour (BT) survivors. Participants (n=43) were recruited prospectively following definitive treatment in the community. Each BT survivor received an individualised social support program which comprised: face-to-face interview for education/counselling plus peer support program or community education/counselling sessions. The assessments were at baseline (T1), 6 week (T2) and 6-month (T3) post-intervention using validated questionnaires: depression anxiety stress scale (DASS), functional independence measure (FIM), perceived impact problem profile (PIPP), cancer rehabilitation evaluation system–short form (CARES-SF), a cancer survivor unmet needs measure (CaSUN), McGill quality of life questionnaire (MQOL) and Brief COPE. Participants’ mean age was 53 years (range 31–72 years), the majority were female (72%); median time since BT diagnosis was 2.3 years and almost half (47%) had high grade tumours. At T2, participants reported higher emotional well-being (DASS ‘anxiety’ and ‘stress’ subscales, p<0.05; FIM ‘cognition’ subscale, p<0.01), improved function (FIM ‘motor’ subscale, p<0.01) and higher QoL (CARES-SF ‘global’ score, p<0.05; MQOL ‘physical symptom’ subscale, p<0.05). At the T3 follow-up, most of these effects were maintained. The intervention effect for BT specific coping strategies emerged for the Brief COPE ‘selfdistraction’ and ‘behavioural disengagement’ domains, (p<0.05 for both). There were no adverse effects reported. A post-treatment social support program can improve physical and cognitive function and enhancing overall QoL of BT survivors. Social support programs need further evaluation and should be encouraged by clinicians within cancer rehabilitative services.
Kontsevich's graph complex, GRT, and the deformation complex of the sheaf of polyvector fields

We generalize Kontsevich's construction of L-infinity derivations of polyvector fields from the affine space to an arbitrary smooth algebraic variety. More precisely, we construct a map (in the homotopy category) from Kontsevich's graph complex to the deformation complex of the sheaf of polyvector fields on a smooth algebraic variety. We show that the action of Deligne-Drinfeld elements of the Grothendieck-Teichmueller Lie algebra on the cohomology of the sheaf of polyvector fields coincides with the action of odd components of the Chern character. Using this result, we deduce that the A-hat genus in the Calaque-Van den Bergh formula arXiv:0708.2725 for the isomorphism between harmonic and Hochschild structures can be replaced by a generalized A-hat genus.
EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT FISCAL DEFICITS ON CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE: THE CASE OF TWIN DEFICITS HYPOTHESIS IN NIGERIA (1970-2013)

The study investigates effect of government fiscal deficits on Current Account Balance (CAB) proxied by balance of payments. Because of inter-linkages with other macroeconomic variables, exchange rate and interest rates are incorporated into the investigation. The study was based on secondary data. Times series data of GDP Fiscal Deficit, real exchange rate and real interest rate for 1970-2013 was obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical Bulletin. The data was analyzed for Unit Root using ADF and P-P and cointegration using Johansen technique. Hypotheses were tested by Ordinary Least Squares techniques. The result found that government fiscal deficits do not cause current account deficit showing the possible absence of twin-deficits hypothesis in Nigeria. It also found out that exchange rate significantly affect current account balance. Interest rate also significantly affects current account balance. It is recommended that the government should try to curtail mounting trade deficit, exchange rate and interest rate. Even if these are not directly linked to government fiscal deficits, the economy is heavily over-dependent of external sector resulting in bloating trade deficits.
Formulation of low -cost feed using azolla as a protein supplement and its influence on feed utilization in fishes

Growth pattern of fish is influenced by the type and quality of feed. The present study deals with the formulation of feed using Azolla as a protein supplement. Tilapia mossambica was used for the study for duration of 90 days and its bioenergetics and biochemical parameters were measured. The results revealed that the experimental diet had a significant increase over the control values. Hence, Azolla can be considered as a best low cost and a high nutritive fish feed.