Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in formal and informal sports participation at regional level in England

ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to provide a regional approach to analyse sports participation in two different contexts: organised/formal versus non-organised/informal participation, using Sport England’s Active People Survey national data set. We have estimated two models: first, a general model to explain differences in regional informal and formal participation rates; second, an econometric model dealing with formal participation at a regular frequency. The results emphasise the different roles played by some correlates depending on the context of sports participation under study. Only economic and cultural variables seem to have a general influence throughout all the sports participation contexts. The results reinforce the role played by sport supply and sport funding in some sports participation levels, offering interesting implications for sport policy. The urban environment, for example, appears to be positively related to the transition from informal to formal sport participation. The distinct analyses of the sports participation contexts provide the opportunity to evaluate ways of boosting participation as well as to suggest some interesting policy implications towards this aim. For example, sporting infrastructure is only influential for the transition from non-participation to formal participation, implying that in general the key question about sport funding and supply is not the amount of funds but rather the direction and aims of sport policy. Finally, the article offers some explanations about the gender inequality detected in some forms of sports participation.
Bell-inequality tests using asymmetric entangled coherent states in asymmetric lossy environments

We study an asymmetric form of two-mode entangled coherent state (ECS), where the two local amplitudes have different values, for testing the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-CHSH) inequality. We find that the asymmetric ECSs have obvious advantages over the symmetric form of ECSs in testing the Bell-CHSH inequality. We further study an asymmetric strategy in distributing an ECS over a lossy environment and find that such a scheme can significantly increase violation of the inequality.
Arabidopsis CPR 5 regulates ethylene signaling via molecular association with the ETR 1 receptor Running Title : Arabidopsis CPR 5 regulates ethylene ETR 1 receptor signaling

The plant hormone ethylene plays various functions in plant growth, development and response to environmental stress. Ethylene is perceived by membrane-bound ethylene receptors, and among the homologous receptors in Arabidopsis, the ETR1 ethylene receptor plays a major role. The present study provides evidence demonstrating that Arabidopsis CPR5 functions as a novel ETR1 receptor-interacting protein in regulating ethylene response and signaling. Yeast split ubiquitin assays and bi-fluorescence complementation studies in plant cells indicated that CPR5 directly interacts with the ETR1 receptor. Genetic analyses indicated that mutant alleles of cpr5 can suppress ethylene insensitivity in both etr1-1 and etr1-2, but not in other dominant ethylene receptor mutants. Overexpression of Arabidopsis CPR5 either in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, or ectopically in tobacco, significantly enhanced ethylene sensitivity. These findings indicate that CPR5 plays a critical role in regulating ethylene signaling. CPR5 is localized to endomembrane structures and the nucleus, and is involved in various regulatory pathways, including pathogenesis, leaf senescence, and spontaneous cell death. This study provides evidence for a novel regulatory function played by CPR5 in the ethylene receptor signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.
Evaluation of the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of three extracts from Pleurotus nebrodensis fruiting bodies

Pleurotus nebrodensis has been widely used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibitory effects on the fruiting bodies of P. nebrodensis extracted with acetone, methanol and hot water. The antioxidant activities were performed on - carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferrous ions chelating abilities and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. In addition to this, phenolic compounds were also detected. The acetonic and methanolic extracts of P. nebrodensis showed the strongest -carotene-linoleic acid inhibition as compare to hot water extract. At 8 mg/ml, the acetonic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.86. The scavenging activity on DPPH radicals, the acetonic and methanolic extracts were effective than that of hot water extract. At lower concentrations, chelating effect of tested mushroom was significantly effective as compare to positive control. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin and biochanin-A were detected from acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid solvent extract. The xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the acetonic, methanolic and hot water extracts increased with increase of concentration. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of P. nebrodensis can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants. Key words: Antioxidant, phenolic compounds, Pleurotus nebrodensis, tyrosinase inhibition, xanthine oxidase.
PII: S0893-9659(01)00053-2

The method of fundamental solutions (MFS) is a boundary method for the solution of certain elliptic boundary value problems. In particular, it is applicable when a fundamental solution of the governing equation of the problem in question is known. The original ideas for the MFS were suggested by Kupradze and Aleksidze (see, e.g., [1]), and the numerical formulation of the method was first given by Mathon and Johnston [2]. A survey of the MFS and related methods over the last three decades is presented in [3]. In the MFS, the solution of the problem is approximated by a linear combination of fundamental solutions in terms of sources (singularities) which are placed outside the domain of the problem. The unknown coefficients of the fundamental solutions and the coordinates of the sources are found by forcing the approximation to satisfy the boundary conditions which, in general, results in a nonlinear problem. In the linear variant of this, also known as the charge simulation method, the sources are fixed and the only unknowns are the coefficients of the fundamental solutions (see, e.g., [4]). In this study, we apply the MFS with fixed sources to the solution of Helmholtz eigenvalue problems previously examined by De Mey [5] using a boundary integral equation method. Such problems describe the forced motion of a membrane [6,7] and Mso occur in acoustics and electromagnetism.
homeostasismaintenance,memory and learning, and language communication. Neural circuits in the brain are formed with great precision during embryonic development. Combinatorial actions of transcription factors, growth factors, morphogens, axon guidance molecules, cell adhesion molecules, and recepto

Neural circuits are formed with great precision during development. Accumulated evidence over the past three decades has demonstrated that growing axons are navigated toward their targets by the combined actions of attractants and repellents together with their receptors. It has long been known that proteoglycans, glycosylated proteins possessing covalently attached glycosaminoglycans, play a critical role in axon guidance; however, the molecular mechanisms by which proteoglycans regulate axon behaviors remain largely unknown. Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are large linear polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units that are highly modified by specific sulfation and epimerization. Recent biochemical and molecular biological studies have identified the enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Interestingly,manymutants lacking glycosaminoglycan-synthesizing enzymes or proteoglycans in several model organisms show defects in specific nerve tract formation. In parallel, detailed biochemical studies have identified the molecular interactions between axon guidance molecules and glycosaminoglycans that have specific modification in their sugar chains. This review summarizes the structure and function of axon guidance molecules and glycosaminoglycans, and then tries to combine the knowledge from these studies tounderstand the role of proteoglycans fromanewvantage point. Deciphering the sugar code is important for understanding the complicated nature of proteoglycans in axon guidance.
Paleosecular variation and the average geomagnetic field at ±20° latitude

We assembled a new paleomagnetic directional data set from lava flows and thin dikes for four regions centered on ±20° latitude: Hawaii, Mexico, the South Pacific, and Reunion. We investigate geomagnetic field behavior over the past 5 Myr and address whether geographical differences are recorded by our data set. We include inclination data from other globally distributed sites with the ±20° data to determine the best fitting time‐averaged field (TAF) for a two‐parameter longitudinally symmetric (zonal) model. Values for our model parameters, the axial quadrupole and octupole terms, are 4% and 6% of the axial dipole, respectively. Our estimate of the quadrupole term is compatible with most previous studies of deviations from a geocentric axial dipole (GAD) field. Our estimated octupole term is larger than that from normal polarity continental and igneous rocks, and oceanic sediments, but consistent with that from reversed polarity continental and igneous rocks. The variance reduction compared with a GAD field is ∼12%, and the remaining signal is attributed to paleosecular variation (PSV). We examine PSV at ±20° using virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) dispersion and comparisons of directional distributions with simulations from two statistical models. Regionally, the Hawaii and Reunion data sets lack transitional magnetic directions and have similar inclination anomalies and VGP dispersion. In the Pacific hemisphere, Hawaii has a large inclination anomaly, and the South Pacific exhibits high PSV. The deviation of the TAF from a GAD contradicts earlier ideas of a “Pacific dipole window,” and the strong regional PSV in the South Pacific contrasts with the generally low secular variation found on short timescales. The TAF and PSV at Hawaii and Reunion are distinct from values for the South Pacific and Mexico, demonstrating the need for time‐averaged and paleosecular variation models that can describe nonzonal field structures. Investigations of zonal statistical PSV models reveal that recent models are incompatible with the empirical ±20° directional distributions and cannot fit the data by simply adjusting relative variance contributions to the PSV. The ±20° latitude data set also suggests less PSV and smaller persistent deviations from a geocentric axial dipole field during the Brunhes.
Aqueous synthesis of Cu-doped ZnCdS / ZnS core / shell nanocrystals with a new and highly reactive sulfur source

Efficient synthesis of high-quality quantum dots (QDs) with excellent optical properties by aqueous synthesis is still of great significance for extended optical applications. Herein we highlight the advantages in optical properties of colloidal CdTe@ZnS QDs prepared by a facile and highly effective aqueous synthesis method. These achievements were realized by delicate manipulation of the conditions involved in nucleation and the growth process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated the QDs were uniform size and well dispersible. The emission peaks of the as-prepared QDs could shift from 496 to 698 nm with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), and the corresponding fluorescent color changed from green to red. Moreover, the emission could even reach to the near-infrared (NIR) region (706–796 nm) by extending the reaction time. The highest photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of the QDs could reach to 60%, and the average of FWHM was about 55 nm. To address the problem of wide size-distribution in PL QY decrease and FWHM broadening, the colloids of QDs prepared at long reaction time (above 3 h) were centrifuged (12 000 r min). In addition, the assessment of QD cytotoxicity indicated the CdTe@ZnS QDs were much less cytotoxic and showed good biocompatibility. Compared with organic synthesis, our aqueous synthesis of QDs could be carried out efficiently on a large scale and showed good batch-to-batch reproducibility. The as-prepared CdTe@ZnS QDs exhibited excellent optical properties and hold a good potential to be applied in optoelectronic and biological applications. S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop. org/NANO/27/365707/mmedia
Estimating the Implicit Value of Crop Stubble as a Barrier to Technology Adoption in Morocco

For mixed cereal-livestock farmers, cereal production provides a bundle of goods. Grain is consumed by the household or sold at market, and crop residues are used as livestock feed. The straw component of crop residue can be bought and sold at market and therefore has a well-established local market price. Crop stubble, the portion of the crop residue left on the ground, is generally not traded and therefore has no market price. Some agricultural technologies require farmers to forgo using crop stubble as feed, and cultivation of high value crops entails sacrificing residue production altogether. In this paper we apply a structural econometric model to household data from Morocco to estimate the implicit value of crop stubble. We use a sample splitting technique to investigate differences in the value of this resource and find that it is significantly higher for smaller farmers, who therefore face an even larger barrier to technology adoption.
Documenting the biogeographic history of Microtus cabrerae through its fossil record

1. Microtus cabrerae is an Iberian endemic vole species with specific adaptations to the subhumid mediterranean climate. Its living populations are under a regressive trend. The earliest known records of Microtus cabrerae date from the late Middle Pleistocene, and it originated from Microtus brecciensis. 2. We describe changes in the geographic distribution of Microtus cabrerae throughout its history based on its palaeontological record, and to link them to environmental changes that have taken place since the appearance of Microtus cabrerae. 3. A series of successive chronological intervals comprising the recorded existence of the species was established, so that the majority of the published fossil records of Microtus cabrerae could be used for analysis. For each interval, a map with the inferred distribution of the species was created. The maps were used to establishing variations in the species’ distribution through time. Biogeographic history of Microtus cabrerae 2 4. A first regression in the extent of the distribution of Microtus cabrerae took place in Marine Isotope Stage 2, when the species abandoned south-eastern France and central Spain, where it had been present since the beginning of the Late Pleistocene. This range contraction was probably due to the global decline in temperatures and rainfall that took place in this period. After a rapid recolonisation of most of the previously abandoned areas at the beginning of the Holocene, and a remarkable increase in records during the Neolithic, a new gradual decrease of records is observed from the Neolithic to the Roman period, intensifying from ca. 2000 years ago onwards, and ending with the final disappearance of the species from south-western France and north-eastern Iberia. This second decline is linked to the aridification of the Mediterranean entourage that started in the mid-Holocene and has been enhanced by human modification of the landscape. The species is shown to be sensitive to climate change.
Impact of adoption of drought-tolerant maize varieties on total maize production in south Eastern Zimbabwe

Drought is a huge limiting factor in maize production, mainly in the rain-fed agriculture of sub-Saharan Africa. In response to this threat, drought-tolerant (DT) maize varieties have been developed with an aim to ensure maize production under mild drought conditions. We conducted a study to assess the impact of smallholder farmers’ adoption of DT maize varieties on total maize production. Data for the study came from a survey of 200 randomly sampled households in two districts of Chiredzi and Chipinge in southeastern Zimbabwe. The study found that 93% of the households were growing improved maize varieties and that 30% of the sampled households were growing DT maize varieties. Total maize yield was 436.5 kg/ha for a household that did not grow DT maize varieties and 680.5 kg/ha for households that grew DT maize varieties. We control for the endogeneity of the DT adoption variable, by using the control function approach to estimate total maize production in a Cobb–Douglas model. The results show that households that grew DT maize varieties had 617 kg/ha more maize than households that did not grow the DT maize varieties. Given that almost all farmers buy their seeds in the market, a change in varieties to DT maize seeds gives an extra income of US$240/ha or more than nine months of food at no additional cost. This has huge implications in curbing food insecurity and simultaneously saving huge amounts of resources at the household and national levels, which are used to buy extra food during the lean season.
The Effectiveness of Teacher ' s Written Feedback on L 2 Writing "

Park, Eunfung 2006. Review Article on "The Effectiveness of Teacher's Written feedback on L2 Writing. " SNU Working Pnpers in Englisll Lingrristics nnd Lanpage 5, 61-73. This paper reviews previous studies on the effectiveness of three types of teacher's written feedback: form-focusd, content-based, and integrated feedback. More specifically, the study pursues the following issues: Why certain types of feedback are put forth, how they are performed in students' writing and what the main issues are in this field. Through the extensive review on the issues suggested, this study attempts to help LZ teachers choose from different types of written feedback considering the advantages and disadvantages of each feedback type to more effectively improve their students' writing skills. (Seoul National University)
The Impact of High School Extracurricular Involvement on the Postsecondary Outcomes of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Youth.

Involvement in extracurricular activities provides youth with opportunities to develop important personal skills, abilities, and preferences, and to build meaningful social support networks. Historically, students who are deaf or hard of hearing (SDHH) have had limited access to opportunities for both academic and occupational development, including extracurricular participation, although legal changes such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) have shifted this landscape. Drawing from data available in the National Longitudinal Transition Survey 2 (NLTS2) and controlling for demographic covariates, we examine the predictive role overall extracurricular involvement and the breadth of that involvement play in postsecondary outcomes, including education, employment, independent living, and self-beliefs, for approximately 1,000 SDHH ages 14 to 18. We also describe the extracurricular activities in which SDHH are most often involved. Our findings suggest that overall involvement in extracurricular activities significantly predicted independent living, and that involvement in more than one activity significantly predicted postsecondary enrollment. We also discuss the limitations of the study design and implications for future research. It is clear that participation in extracurricular activities in high school benefits SDHH later in life.
Phytochemical analysis of Cassia fistula and its in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

Three solvent (methanol, aqueous and petroleum ether) extracts of Cassia fistula were used to analyze phytochemicals and evaluated for different in vitro biological activity. The methanol extracts of Cassia fistula yielded 10 different phytochemicals and TPC at higher concentration. The methanol extract has shown dominance in inhibition of all bacteria tested and except Cercospora carthami, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were not inhibited whereas all other fungi tested were inhibited strongly by methanol extract. The antioxidant activity in 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay was performed for all the three extracts, the methanol was showed high activity of free radical inhibition of 69 and 714.86 followed by aqueous (60,448.14) and petroleum ether (25,387.51). The methanol extract inhibited the heat induced albumin denaturation and red blood cell membrane stabilization with 88.61 and 79.33 g/ml. Proteinase activity was significantly inhibited by the methanol (83.88) extract followed by aqueous (66.21) and petroleum ether (48.61) was compared with standard Aspirin 92.87 g/ml. The methanol extract was inhibited the xanthine oxidase (44.83) and acetylcholinesterase (18.98) followed by aqueous and petroleum ether extracts. The highest antilipoxygenase activity was noticed from methanol extract (62.16) followed by aqueous (56.43) and petroleum ether extract (38.32). From all the results, we found that that phytochemicals (alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinone and phenolic compounds) present in C. fistula extract may be responsible for the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Running head: Palliative care for advanced dementia Palliative care for advanced dementia: knowledge and attitudes of long-term care staff By

Aim and objectives. To investigate the knowledge of and attitudes toward palliative care for advanced dementia and their associations with demographics among nursing staff, including nurses and nursing assistants, in long-term care settings. Background. Nursing facilities are places where persons with dementia die; therefore, providing quality end-of-life care to residents with advanced dementia is crucial. To date, little attention has been paid to palliative care practice for patients with advanced dementia Design. A descriptive, cross-sectional, survey design was used. Methods. In total, a sample of 300 nurses (n=125) and nursing assistants (n=175) working in longterm care settings in Taiwan participated in this study. Two instruments were administered: Demographic characteristics and responses to the Questionnaire of Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for data analysis. A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Results. Overall, the nurses and nursing assistants had moderate mean scores for both knowledge of and attitudes regarding palliative care for advanced dementia. Additionally, nursing staff who were nurses with greater work experience and those who had received palliative care and hospice training had greater knowledge of palliative care. In addition, nursing staff who had received dementia care training and who had worked in nursing homes had higher levels of positive attitudes towards palliative care. Conclusions. This study indicates the need to provide nurses and nursing assistants with more information about palliative care practice for people with advanced dementia. Particularly, providing education to those who are nursing assistants, who have less working experience, who have not received palliative and dementia care training, and who have not worked in nursing homes can improve overall nursing staff knowledge of and attitudes toward palliative care. Relevance to clinical practice. Continuing education in principles of palliative care for advanced dementia is necessary for currently practicing nursing staff and should be developed according to their educational background and needs.