Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Study of the Idea of an Auxiliary Universal Language.

We live in an increasingly interconnected world where the growing movements of ideas, goods, information, money and people across national boundaries and technological advancements have led to the urgent need to have a common secondary language to partake in the global community. This study intends to extend the literature on the idea of an Auxiliary Universal Language (AUL), to explore the features of an AUL, and to discuss the rationale and feasibility of language planning of an AUL. It is in addition my intention to try to find answers for how it can actually be planned through international planning. To explore the idea of an AUL and answer the research questions I used two resources. First, after re-examining the literature and extending the literature on Language Policy and Planning I present a tentative model for language planning of an AUL. Second, to strengthen the conclusions from the first resource I conducted two sets of interviews to find out how my research participants who were thirteen graduate students in School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Carleton University could contribute to this exploratory study.
A reanalysis of California driver vision data: general findings

Data on over 14000 drivers from the 1967 California driver vision study have been reanalysed with a view to establishing their implications for driver vision standards. For the main analysis the sample was divided into four age groupings: under 25, 25-39, 40-54, and over 54. The most consistent result throughout the study has been the failure to find a direct relationship between poor visual performance and high accident rates for young and middle-aged drivers. For the over 54 age group, dynamic and static visual acuity showed the most consistent relationships with accident rates but for an individual driver their accident prediction value remained very low. A more detailed age analysis failed to define more precisely the age at which these relationships develop. No evidence was found to support the use of total visual field as a driver screening test. The results for two tests of night vision were regarded as inconclusive for the over 54 age group. For the same nominal standard of binocular static visual acuity, the ortho-rater screener was found to fail markedly fewer drivers than the Snellen Wall Chart. The implications of varying the cut-off scores for each test were investigated, and the suggestion is made that perceptual rather than sensory tests with greater accident predictive power would be needed before acceptable alternative screening methods could be specified for driver licensing purposes. /Author/
The Impact of Financial Integration on Institutions in Autocracies

It is often argued that a saticfactory institutional quality is prerequi- site for successfull financial integration. This paper analyzes the influence of financial integration on institutional quality. We construct a dynamic politico-economic model in which the ruling elite uses its political power to expropriate the entrepreneurial class. Although financial integration reduces capital costs for the entrepreneurs and therefore increases their gross profits, the elite counteracts this effect by raising the level of expropriation. Consequently, the net income of entrepreneurs may rise or decline depending on the respective magnitude of the countervailing effects. Since political power is linked to economic resources, financial integration also has consequences for the concentration of power in the hands of the elite and for the rise of the entrepreneurial class.
Explicit Direct Instruction (Edi): The Power of the Well-Crafted, Well-Taught Lesson

Acknowledgments About the Authors 1. Students Say, "I Can Do It! " 2. What Is Effective Instruction? 3. Checking for Understanding 4. Setting a Learning Objective 5. Activating Prior Knowledge 6. Teaching by Explaining, Modeling, Demonstrating 7. Presenting Content 8. Using Guided Practice 9. Closing the Lesson 10. Moving to Independent Practice 11. Putting It All Together: Creating Lessons Appendix: What the Research Says References Index
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing with Limited Network State Information

Abstract : This project is concerned with the costs and benefits of learning and exchanging Network State Information (NSI) among cooperative nodes in a wireless network. NSI includes Channel State Information (CSI), along with information about quality of service requests. This report summarizes our main results on interference management and wireless resource allocation with limited information exchange. We introduce interference prices for optimizing powers and beams in an interference network with multiple antennas per node. We also discuss the performance of limited feedback schemes for multi-carrier and Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) channels. Additional topics discussed include distributed power allocation(over sub-channels), beamforming, and interference cancellation in a peer-to-peer network, overhead for random network coding with unreliable links, and adaptive techniques for achieving interference alignment in MIMO interference networks.
Deep convolutional neural networks for classifying GPR B-scans

Symmetric and asymmetric buried explosive hazards (BEHs) present real, persistent, deadly threats on the modern battlefield. Current approaches to mitigate these threats rely on highly trained operatives to reliably detect BEHs with reasonable false alarm rates using handheld Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and metal detectors. As computers become smaller, faster and more efficient, there exists greater potential for automated threat detection based on state-of-the-art machine learning approaches, reducing the burden on the field operatives. Recent advancements in machine learning, specifically deep learning artificial neural networks, have led to significantly improved performance in pattern recognition tasks, such as object classification in digital images. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in this work to extract meaningful signatures from 2-dimensional (2-D) GPR B-scans and classify threats. The CNNs skip the traditional “feature engineering” step often associated with machine learning, and instead learn the feature representations directly from the 2-D data. A multi-antennae, handheld GPR with centimeter-accurate positioning data was used to collect shallow subsurface data over prepared lanes containing a wide range of BEHs. Several heuristics were used to prevent over-training, including cross validation, network weight regularization, and “dropout. ” Our results show that CNNs can extract meaningful features and accurately classify complex signatures contained in GPR B-scans, complementing existing GPR feature extraction and classification techniques.
STATED PREFERENCE SAMPLE SIZES

Some of the early work on Stated Preference (SP) was based on small sample sizes, and indeed it was often claimed that one of the advantages of SP over other research methods was that it could legitimately be based on smaller samples. As understanding of the technique grew this assertion has been heard less frequently, and most practitioners now recognize that larger samples may be required. This study presents the results of a simulation study carried out to investigate the question of sample size more fully. It deals with "binary choice" SP games, using logit models to explain the choices made. In the first place it looks at the ability of experimental designs to "capture" utility weights, and the relationship between the design, the magnitude of the assumed error terms, the number of responses received, and the accuracy with which assumed utility functions can be recovered. The analysis is then extended to look at the effect of variations in each respondent's personal utility weights, corresponding to taste variations. The analysis is based on a geometric interpretation of the problem of recovering a utility 'surface', providing a helpful way of illustrating the results. Specific recommendations are made concerning sample sizes, and about design features such as the magnitudes of differences between attribute levels. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 860299.
Kerajinan Ikat Celup di Batik Parang Kaliurang Sleman Yogyakarta

Karya Tugas Akhir Penelitian ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang kerajinan ikat celup di Batik Parang Kaliurang Sleman Yogyakarta, kajian diarahkan dari proses pembuatan yang meliputi alat, bahan, pembuatan pendesai, dan keteknikanserta keistimewaan produknya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang diuraikan dengan kalimat dan tindakan yang diperoleh dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen utama dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri dengan bantuan pedoman observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan pedoman dokumentasi. Alat bantu penelitian di sini menggunakan alat tulis, alat rekam, dan kamera, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Isi dari skripsi ini adalah mengulas tentang masalah kerajinan ikat celup yang ada di UKM Batik Parang Kaliurang, yang beralamatkan di Jl. Astamulya Kaliurang Selatan, Hargobinangun, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Masalah yang menjadi pusat penelitian dari penulisan skripsi ini adalah tentang proses pembuatan kerajinan ikat celup yang ada di Batik Parang Kaliurang, yang meliputi dan mengupas tentang alat, dan bahan, pembuatan desain, proses produksi, keteknikan yang digunakan, hingga sampai akhir proses finishing. Di samping itu juga tentang keistimewaan produk yang dihasilkan dan sedikit disinggung mengenai latar belakang perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang proses pembuatan kerajinan ikat celup yang diawali dari pendesainan, membuat dan memindah pola di kain, pengikatan, pewarnaan, dan finishing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keistimewaan produk dapat dilihat dari beberapa aspek yakni alat dan bahan, desain, teknik-teknik yang diterapkan, dan motif-motif yang dihasilkan. Salah satu keistimewaan yang ada adalah teknik cabut warna, teknik yang tidak banyak diterapkan ini menjadi ciri khas dan keistimewaan produknya. Cabut warna merupakan salah satu hasil apresiasi manusia yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan nilai estetis, nilai jual pada kain dan akan manambah keragaman unsur garis, bidang, warna pada kain ikat celup. Kata kunci: Kerajinan Ikat Celup, Cabut Warna, Batik Parang Kaliurang
Characterization of cyber attacks through variable length Markov models

The increase in bandwidth, the emergence of wireless technologies, and the spread of the Internet throughout the world have created new forms of communication with effects on areas such as business, entertainment, and education. This pervasion of computer networks into human activity has amplified the importance of cyber security. Network security relies heavily on Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), whose objective is to detect malicious network traffic and computer usage. IDS data can be correlated into cyber attack tracks, which consist of ordered collections of alerts triggered during a single multi-stage attack. The objective of this research is to enhance the current knowledge of attack behavior by developing a model that captures the sequential properties of attack tracks. Two sequence characterization models are discussed: Variable Length Markov Models (VLMMs), which are a type of finite-context models, and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), which are also known as finite-state models. A VLMM is implemented based on attack sequences s = {x1, x2, . xn} where xi ∈ Ω and Ω is a set of possible values of one or more fields in an alert message. This work shows how the proposed model can be used to predict future attack actions (xj+1) belonging to a newly observed and unfolding attack sequence s = {x1, x2, . , xj}. It also presents a metric that measures the variability in attack actions based on information entropy and a method for classifying attack tracks as sophisticated or simple based on average log-loss. In addition, insights into the analysis of attack target machines are discussed.
Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini melalui Sastra Klasik Fabel Versi Daring

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi nilai-nilai karakter dalam fabel media daring di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data berasal dari web http://repositori.kemdikbud. go.id. kumpulan fabel Sulawesi Selatan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik noninteraktif dengan melakukan pembacaan intensif pada fabel dan melakukan pencatatan secara aktif dengan metode analisis isi. Validitas data untuk menguji validitas penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi data dan triangulasi metode. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengikuti model Miles dan Huberman (1994), yaitu: (1) melakukan identifikasi fable sebagai objek penelitian, (2) melakukan reduksi data, (3) menyajikan data, (4) menginterpretasikan data yang diperoleh sesuai teori, dan (5) menyusun simpulan. Pendidikan karakter yang ditemukan ada empat belas yaitu: peduli, hormat, kerja sama, penolong, demokrasi, berbakti, rendah hati, kreatif, pemaaf, pemberani, disiplin, kerja keras, jujur, dan religius. Pendidikan karakter dalam fabel dapat diterapkan pada pembentukan karakter anak usia dini dengan pengasuhan anak usia dini (sejak bayi) dan pendidikan dini anak-anak dengan cara yang sejalan dengan orientasi perspektif anak, yaitu:1.Melihat anak itu sebagai pribadi; 2.Keikutsertaan yang empati dengan anak; 3.Sikap interpretatif menghormati anak ungkapan-ungkapan dan arti kehidupan dunia; 4.Membimbing anak dengan cara yang sensitif 5.Perawatan dini dan pendidikan adalah proses dialogis antara anak dan pengasuh/guru
From stimuli to motor responses : Decoding rules and decision mechanisms in the human brain

In a dynamically changing environment, we are constantly required to flexibly react to stimuli. It is therefore necessary to adapt behaviour to environmental cues, as well as to successfully perceive relevant stimuli. The present work addressed the question of which brain areas form the basis for task preparation and decisions along the processing chain from stimuli to responses. It combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with multivariate pattern classification to search for the encoding of specific contents of mental processes. The first study demonstrated, using a task switching paradigm, that task-sets were first encoded in left intraparietal sulcus, preceding left posterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. This finding emphasises the importance of parietal cortex in establishing abstract rules in a cued task context. In the second study, the visibility of response-relevant target objects was varied. It was found that the lateral-occipital complex (LOC) only encoded perceptual decisions about highly visible objects. The precuneus, on the other hand, encoded random guessing decisions made with insufficient visual input. Contradicting classical signal detection models, this finding emphasises the notion of two modes for perceptual decision making depending on stimulus visibility. The third study demonstrated a shared neural substrate for random guessing and free decisions in the precuneus, suggesting a general role for the generation of internal decisions. Additionally, anterior medial prefrontal cortex was exclusively engaged when decisions were intended to be made without an external frame of reference. In summary, the present work highlights the importance of parietal cortex in controlling both rule-guided and self-determined behavior in humans. Parietal cortex functions might be best described as related to multi-modal information integration and processing of highly self-referenced intentions. Selbständigkeitserklärung Hiermit erkläre ich, dass die vorliegende Arbeit ohne unzulässige Hilfe und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt wurde und dass die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken in der Arbeit als solche kenntlich gemacht worden sind.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA PT.TIGA SERANGKAI KANTOR CABANG BANDUNG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada PT.Tiga Serangkai Kantor cabang Bandung. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan penulis adalah dengan deskriptif analisis dengan jenis penelitian kuantitatif.teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear, koefisien korelasi Rank Spearman, dan koefisien Determinasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa terdapat pengaruh posotif dan signifikan motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai, hal ini ditunjukan dengan dengan hasil analisis regresi linear, selain itu tingkat hubungan menunjukan rs = 0,805 termasuk kategori hubungan kuat, serta besarnya pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai berdasarkan koefisien determinasi sebesar 64,80% dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor – faktor lain yang tidak ditliti oleh peneliti. Adapun permasalahanya adalah perekrutan pegawai,kurangnya pelatihan dan pengembangan diri dan hambatan pegawai dalam menyampaikan ide/gagasan.
Quantifying present and future glacier melt-water contribution to runoff in a central Himalayan river basin

Abstract. Water supply of most lowland cultures heavily depends on rain and melt water from the upstream mountains. Especially melt-water release of alpine mountain ranges is usually attributed a pivotal role for the water supply of large downstream regions. Water scarcity is assumed as consequence of glacier shrinkage and possible disappearance due to global climate change (GCC), in particular for large parts of Central and Southeast Asia. In this paper, the application and validation of a coupled modeling approach with regional climate model (RCM) outputs and a process-oriented glacier and hydrological model is presented for the central Himalayan Lhasa River basin despite scarce data availability. Current and possible future contributions of ice melt to runoff along the river network are spatially explicitly shown. Its role among the other water balance components is presented. Although glaciers have retreated and will continue to retreat according to the chosen climate scenarios, water availability is and will be primarily determined by monsoon precipitation and snowmelt. Ice melt from glaciers is and will be a minor runoff component in summer monsoon-dominated Himalayan river basins.
Face Recognition using Facial Features

: Face Recognition is a non-intrusive technique of identifying human faces by the feature extraction and classiﬁcation of faces. This paper describes a face recognition algorithm that extracts the eyes, nostrils and mouth features from cumulative distribution function (CDF) by applying Otsu thresholding. The algorithm, which is used the combination concepts of facial feature values and facial feature points by the probability of white pixels of binary facial image , has been tested using the BioID frontal face database in different illuminations, expressions and lighting conditions. Illumination, lighting and expressions variations are addressed using a selective equalization technique as well as facial feature points matching. The experimental results have conﬁrmed an average recognition rate of 92.35%.
Hierarchies of Coupled Inverse and Forward Models for Abstraction in Robot Action Planning, Recognition and Imitation

Coupling internal inverse and forward models gives rise to on-line simulation processes that may be used as a common computational substrate for action execution, planning, recognition, imitation and learning. In this paper, multiple coupled internal inverse and forward models are arranged in a hierarchical fashion, with each level of the hierarchy interacting with other levels through top-down and bottom-up processes. Through experiments involving imitation of a human demonstrator performing object manipulation tasks, this architecture is shown to equip a robot with a multi-level motor abstraction capability. This is then used to solve the correspondence problem in action recognition. The architecture is inspired by biological evidence.
Basic Linguistic Theory: grammatical topics

In Basic Linguistic Theory R. M. W. Dixon provides a comprehensive guide to the nature of human languages and their description and analysis. The books are a one-stop text for undergraduate and graduate students, the triumphant outcome of a lifetime's immersion in every aspect of language, and a lasting monument to innovative scholarship.
Young children's understanding of science in 4 domains and its development through a constructivist approach to teaching

This thesis reports work which attempted to explore the nature and extent of young children's (age 5-11) understanding of four domains of science - light, electricity, processes of life and astronomy. In each of these domains, an intervention based on constructivist principles was also conducted in conjunction with the existing class teachers to explore what potential this approach had as an effective pedagogy for primary science education.This research was undertaken under the aegis of the Science Process and Concept Exploration (SPACE) project and was a collaborative effort undertaken from 1988-1992. The chosen domains were selected to represent a range of the sciences and to match the knowledge and expertise of the research team.The methodology adopted for the work was a mix of qualitative and quantitative, qualitative in that the study was essentially an empirical study attempting to describe what are the features of children's knowledge and understanding and how it develops with an intervention; and quantitative in that it has attempted to measure and quantify the main aspects of their thinking to provide a) a picture of the predominance (or not) of a particular concept; b) to enable some measure of the significance of any changes to be determined, and c) to explore inter-relationships in the ideas and concepts held by individual children. The research reported here has successfully managed to document a large sample of children's ideas in these domains and extend our knowledge of their thinking at these ages. In addition, it has been able to show that the use of a constructivist pedagogy can have positive outcomes for children's learning.
The Instructional Consultant Role of the Elementary-School Library Media Specialist and the Effects of Program Scheduling on Its Practice.

In 1988, the American Association of School Librarians developed Information Power: Guidelines for School Media Programs to provide the vision and guidance for the school library media specialists to cope with the significant changes within education and the proliferation of information resources. Information Power calls on library media specialists to provide leadership and expertise in the integration of educational and information technology into the instructional programs. To accomplish this goal, the guidelines define the media specialist roles as information specialist, teacher, and instructional consultant. (1)
Moments of Joy

Abstract This study examined (a) the nature of student engagement (enjoyment, concentration, perceived control, exploration, and challenge) in four hypermedia design tasks: chunking, linking, naming paths, and organizing information, and (b) the impact of designing hypermedia documents on students’ conceptual learning. The findings showed a high degree of student engagement in organizing information, and a greater organization and elaboration of concepts in students’ final knowledge representations. Although there were individual differences in students’ cognitive engagement and conceptual learning, the highly motivating task of organizing information and the characteristics of the learning context sustained their engagement in cognitively complex and challenging tasks.