Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the structure of numerical cognition

This thesis reports work relating to theoretical frameworks in the area of numerical cognition that have been developed by McCloskey, Caramazza & Basili (1985), Clark & Campbell (1991), Dehaene (1992) and Noel & Seron (1992). The associations between numerical cognition and memory processes in relation to the working memory model of Baddeley (1986) were investigated. The first study used the factor analytic method to elucidate the factor structure of the processes that underlie numerical cognition, and to investigate the various components of the working memory model in relation to arithmetic. A battery 0 f 2 1 tests was administered to 100 participants. The contribution of the factor analytic study to the structure of numerical cognition is discussed. An examination of the factors (labelled 'access to representations' and 'working memory') identified specific aspects of numerical cognition that were investigated further using experimental methods. The data on magnitude comparisons of numbers and animals that have been found to load onto Factor 1 were reanalysed. Similar patterns were found with the two types of stimuli in some cases. This suggested that Dehaene's notion of a 'number line' might not be specific to numbers. To build on the investigation of magnitude comparisons two experiments were carried out using the dual task paradigm. The results confirmed that magnitude judgements are represented at the level of semantic processing and may not be specific to numbers. The subitizing circles test was also found to load onto Factor 1. This raised a question about the common processes that may be involved both in this test and in other tests loading on that factor. A dual task experiment was used to investigate that possibility. It appeared from the results that the verbally presented tasks in the control and experimental groups produced interference with the s ubitizing task. This result lent support for the view that subitizing is an early pre-lexical perceptual process, possibly based on canonical representations of the stimuli.
MICROTOMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND DENTAL TISSUE DISTRIBUTION IN HUMAN MOLARS

II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . IV VITA. VII LIST OF TABLES . XII LIST OF FIGURES . XIV CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1 Aims and objectives. 1 1.2 Background. 5 1.2. 1 Understanding sexual variation in dental tissues . 5 1.2. 1.1 Previous studies of crown size and tissue components. 6 1.2. 1.2 Selection and dental tissues . 14 1.2. 1.3 The sex chromosomes and development . 18 1.2. 2 Documenting morphological variation in molar teeth . 21 1.2. 3 Quantifying sexual dimorphism and morphological variation in molars . 33 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses . 40 1.3. 1 Crown conformation differences in males and females. 40 1.3. 1.
Cochlear Implants: What Have We Learned and Where are We Going?

Cochlear implants are the first devices to functionally replace a sensory system. When cochlear implants were first introduced more than 25 years ago, they seemed like an impossibility. When surgeons first approached scientists in the 1960s about developing devices to electrically stimulate the auditory nerve in h u m a n s to restore hear ing , the reply was almost universal: "It won't work. " Most auditory scientists at that time had been studying the intricacies of how sound is processed through the cochlea, and the complexity they observed was enormous. Sound is processed in the cochlea by a complex hydrodynamic system with nonlinear vibrations of the basal membrane and conversion by the hair cells into action potentials in the nerve. In the 1960s, the complexity of this processing was just beginning to be fully understood and it seemed impossible that functional hearing could be restored by something as crude as an electrode or electrodes stimulating a broad region of nerves. In spite of this early skepticism, even the initial cochlear implants were phenomenal ly successful in terms of their ability to restore some degree of functional hearing to completely deaf patients. Steady improvements in implants since that time have brought us to the present day, in which cochlear implant users typically can understand running speech without the aid of l ip-reading, and many (or even most) cochlear implant patients can converse on the telephone. This level of performance was unthinkable 25 years ago, and in this chapter I would like to step back with 25 years of hindsight and try to summarize what we have learned from research and clinical experience with cochlear implants in that time. I would also like to use that knowledge to try to predict whether any further improvements in cochlear implants are still possible and, if so, where we might direct our efforts to obtain those improvements.
IEPs and Standards What They Say for Students with Disabilities. Technical Report 5

The contents of the Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) of 76 students with mild disabilities in grades 4 and 8 were compared to nationally and locally defined standards for mathematics. The contents of the National Assessment of Educational Progress proficiency levels, local standards, and IEPs were categorized using a taxonomy with the following dimensions: level of mastery, nature of the material, and operations. Student IEPs addressed almost exclusively lower arithmetic skills on the Level of Mastery dimension. Less then 15 percent of the objectives addressed application (problem solving) processes. None of the IEP objectives addressed number sentences, algebraic sentences, or geometry. Most objectives required students to perform the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and/or division. Analysis suggests a widening of the gap between what students with disabilities are taught and the assessments with which they are tested. Implications for actions by the special education and standards-setting communities are discussed. (Contains 25 references.) (JDD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Technical Report 5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement Et:WC TIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Ma document has been reproduced as meow) from the person or Organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Pants of vamp(' opfmOnliStIlte0 on t hos document do not nectitsanly represent official OERI position or policy IEPs and Standards: What They Say for Students with Disabilities National 'Center on Educational Outcomes The College of Education UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA in collaboration with St. Cloud State University and National Association of State Directors of Special Education
Conditional Eulerian and Lagrangian velocity increment statistics of fully developed turbulent flow

Conditional statistics of homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow is investigated by means of high Reynolds number direct numerical simulations performed with 20483 collocation points. Eulerian as well as Lagrangian velocity increment statistics under several conditions are analyzed and compared. In agreement with experimental data, longitudinal probability density functions P(δl||u|el) conditioned on a scale-averaged energy dissipation rate are close to Gaussian distributions over all scales within the inertial range of scales. Also transverse increments conditioned on either the dissipation rate or the square of the vorticity have quasi-Gaussian probability density functions (PDFs). Concerning Lagrangian statistics we found that conditioning on a trajectory averaged energy dissipation rate eτ significantly reduces the scale dependence of the increment PDFs P(δτui|eτ). By means of dimensional arguments we propose a novel condition for Lagrangian increments which is shown to reduce even more the flatness of .
Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of snakebites in Central Uganda

An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted on medicinal plant species used in the treatment of snakebites in Mukono district, central Uganda, between February and May 2014. Interviews were held using questionnaires and Focus Group Discus-sions. Data was collected from Herbalists, school children and households who had been afflicted by snakebites. Thirty six plant species from to 25 families were documented reportedly used for treating snakebites. Most of the plant species were in Leguminosae (7) and Solanaceae (3) families. Roots (41%) were the most commonly used plant parts. Bulbs and flowers where the least used plant parts each at 2%. Snakebites are considered an emergency by herbalists advocating a range of plants for immediate utilization to snakebite victims. Most of the plants (29%) were applied as paste on snakebite wounds. These were followed by eating the plant parts immediately and later drinking decoctions made from them (24%). The least com-monly used method of administration involved preparing the medicinal plant with milk (2%). The most commonly mentioned plant species by the herbalists were Musa balbisiana (5.5%) Nicotiana tabacum (5.5%) , Solanum incanum (5.1%) , Searsia pyroides (4.7%) and Imperata cylindrica (4.2%) . The least frequently mentioned plants were Achy-ranthes aspera (0.8%) and Senna alata (0.4%). Herbalists and inhabitants of Mukono still rely on the use of plant species as snakebite medicine. Therefore correct plant species use in snakebite treatment could significantly alleviate fatal symp-toms resulting from snake envenomation.
Asymptotic results for the regression function estimate on continuous time stationary and ergodic data

Abstract This paper is devoted to the study of asymptotic properties of the regression function kernel estimate in the setting of continuous time stationary and ergodic data. More precisely, considering the Nadaraya–Watson type estimator, say m̂T(x), of the l-indexed regression function m(x) =𝔼 (l(Y)|X = x) built upon continuous time stationary and ergodic data (Xt, Yt)0≤t≤T, we establish its pointwise and uniform, over a dilative compact set, convergences with rates. Notice that the ergodic setting covers and completes various situations as compared to the mixing case and stands as more convenient to use in practice.
Formant trajectories in forensic speaker recognition

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Leistungsverhalten eines Ansatzes der forensischen Sprechererkennung, der auf parametrischen Reprasentationen von Formantverlaufen basiert. Quadratische und kubische Polynomfunktionen werden dabei an Formantverlaufe von Diphthongen angenahert. Die resultierenden Koeffizienten sowie die ersten drei bzw. vier Komponenten der Diskreten Kosinustransformation (DCT) werden in Folge verwendet, um die dynamischen Eigenschaften der zugrundeliegenden akustischen Merkmale der Sprache und damit der Sprechercharakteristika zu erfassen. Am Ende steht eine Reprasentation bestehend aus wenigen dekorrelierten Parametern, die fur die forensische Sprechererkennung verwendet werden. Die in der Untersuchung durchgefuhrte Evaluierung beinhaltet die Berechnung von Likelihood-Ratio-Werten fur die Anwendung im Bayesschen Ansatz fur die Bewertung von forensischen Beweisstucken. Die Vorteile dieses Systems und die derzeitigen Beschrankungen werden behandelt. Fur die Berechnung der Likelihood-Ratio-Werte wird eine von Aitken & Lucy (2004) entwickelte multivariate Kernel-Density-Formel verwendet, die sowohl Zwischen-Sprecher- als auch Inner-Sprecher-Variabilitat berucksichtigt. Automatische Kalibrierungs- und Fusionstechniken, wie sie in Systemen zur automatischen Sprecheridentifikation verwendet werden, werden auf die Ergebniswerte angewendet. Um die Bedeutung von Langenaspekten von Diphthongen fur die forensische Sprechererkennung naher zu untersuchen wird ein Experiment durchgefuhrt, in dem der Effekt von Zeitnormalisierung sowie die Modellierung der Dauer durch einen expliziten Parameter evaluiert werden. Die Leistungsfahigkeit der parametrischen Reprasentationen verglichen mit anderen Methoden sowie die Effekte der Kalibrierung und Fusion werden unter Verwendung ublicher Bewertungswerkzeuge wie des Erkennungsfehlerabwagungs-(DET)-Diagramms, des Tippett-Diagramms und des angewandten Fehlerwahrscheinlichkeits-(APE)-Diagramms, sowie numerischer Kennziffern wie der Gleichfehlerrate (EER) und der Cllr-Metrik evaluiert.
Preventative effect of ondansetron hydrochloride combined with antiemetic traditional Chinese medicine on vomiting caused by chemotherapy

Objective To observe the preventative effect of ondansetron hydrochloride combined with antiemetic traditional Chinese medicine on vomiting caused by chemotherapy. Methods By means of random and cross design,70 patients were randomly allocated to two groups, in control group(n=35) ondansetron was intravenously given from 30min before chemotherapy until the fifth day after chemotherapy in the first therapeutic course; in the second therapeutic course antiemetic traditional Chinese medicine was orally taken and ondansetron 8mg was intravenously given 30min before chemotherapy, afterwards four times per day until the fifth day after chemotherapy;administration order in treatment group(n=35) was just oppisite to that in control group. Results The control rate of acute vomiting was 78.57% in control group,as compared with 91.43% in treatment group,the difference between two groups was significant(P0.05). The control rate of vomiting on second,third,fourth and fifth day was 80%,85.7%,87.1%,90% respectively in control group,as compared with 94.3%,95.7%,100.0% , 100.0% in treatment group,there were significant differences between two groups(P0.05). Conclusion Ondansetron hydrochloride combined with antiemetic traditional Chinese medicine has definite effect in preventing acute and delayed vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
Application of distance bounding protocols with random challenges over RFID noisy communication systems

Distance bounding protocols are proposed based upon the round trip time measurements of the executed messages to protect RFID systems against the relay attack. The existing distance bounding protocols employed by RFID systems are divided into two categories generally called, with random challenges or with mixed challenges. Since RFID systems and distance bounding protocols are particularly susceptible to noise, in this paper, the security analysis of distance bounding protocols with random challenges is performed over a noisy channel. This analysis is achieved by computing an attacker's success probability due to mafia fraud and distance fraud attacks in a noisy environment. In this case, the analysis as well as simulation results show that increasing the number of iterations (rounds) makes the attacker's success probability to decrease and adversely it can causes the rejection probability of a valid tag due to channel errors to increase. Therefore, the proper values for the number of iterations and the total number of errors that are acceptable are computed to obtain the optimal false-accept and false-reject probabilities in a noisy environment. (5 pages)
Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Öğretmenliği Programındaki Öğrencilerin ve Dersi Veren Öğretim Elemanlarının Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Drama Dersine Karşı Tutumlarının İncelenmesi

Bu arastirma, okul oncesi egitimde drama dersi alan okul oncesi egitim ogretmenligi programina devam eden ogrencilerin ve dersi veren ogretim elemanlarinin okul oncesi egitimde dramaya karsi tutumlarini incelemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Arastirmanin orneklemini Ankara‟da bulunan universitelerin egitim fakultelerindeki okul oncesi egitimi ogretmenligi programina devam eden okul oncesi egitimde drama dersi almis olan ogrencilerden tesadufu ornekleme yontemi ile belirlenen 50 ogrenci ve okul oncesi egitimde drama dersini veren 10 ogretim elemani olusturmustur. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen ve gecerlilik-guvenilirlik calismasi yapilmis olan “Okul Oncesi Egitimde Dramaya Yonelik Tutumlari Degerlendirme Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Ogretim elemanlarinin ve ogrencilerin okul oncesi egitimde dramaya yonelik tutumlari arasinda fark olup olmadigi Mann-Whitneu U testi ile bakilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, okul oncesi egitimde drama dersi alan ogrencilerin ve ogretim elemanlarinin egitimde dramaya yonelik tutumlari arasinda fark bulunmustur
Fast Training Algorithm of BP Wavelet Neural Network

The determination of the best direction of step length vector and the adaptive adjustment of training rate for BP wavelet neural network (WNN) are discussed. Firstly, the mathematical foundation of WNN is presented, then the training process of WNN, esp. the determination method of best direction in reducing error function as well as the adaptive adjustment of training rate is discussed. Some new conclusions are put forward. The simulation result shows the training speed of WNN can be improved greatly. The method is general and can be applied extensively.
Preliminary Report on the Neurotoxicity of 1‐Bromopropane, an Alternative Solvent for Chlorofluorocarbons

Under the international agreements for the protection of the ozone layer, the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane has been prohibited in developed countries since January 1, 1996. 1Bromopropane (1-BP) and 2-bromopropane (2-BP) have come to be used as alternative solvents since they are volatile, nonflammable and less destructive to the ozone layer. Epidemiological studies and animal experiments revealed that 2-BP has severe toxic effects on the male and female reproductive and hematopoietic organs at 300 ppm or above"). Besides the reproductive and hematopoietic toxicity of 2-BP, we also became aware of reported symptoms such as hand numbness in Korean workers, which suggested that they also suffered from polyneuropathy5>. I BP, the isomer of 2-BP, was chosen for comparison because 1-BP appeared on the market in spite of poor information on its toxicity. In this paper, we preliminarily describe an unexpected observation of the neurotoxicity of 1-BP.
Los Mexicanos in New Jersey:Pronominal Expression and Ethnolinguistic Aspects

The purpose of this sociolinguistic study is to investigate the problem of the variable use of subject personal pronouns (SPPs) in a speech community of Mexicanos in New Brunswick (NB), New Jersey. Following Godina (2004), Mexicanos refers to people of Mexican background that have recently immigrated to the U.S. This study is unique in that it examines this feature using conversation and narrative discourse and it combines sociolinguistic interviews with ethnography as a means of identifying several aspects of language use among its speakers. As noted by Zentella (1997), by blending the methodologies one can also reduce the field-method constraints that arise when the researcher is not part of the community. One of the purposes of examining the variable use of SPPs in this new community is to document tendencies and draw comparisons with other empirical studies such as Cameron (1992, 1996); Cameron & Flores-Ferran, (2004); Flores-Ferran (2002, 2004, 2005); Flores & Toro (2000); and Otheguy & Zentella (2005, 2006). In turn, the ethnography serves two purposes: it contributes to explanations about a group of people who are considered a cultural unit. Moreover, it enables us to draw comparisons at a future date with studies that examine language use in social networks such as Raschka, Wei, & Lee (2002). This study is divided in three phases. The first phase is described in this article: pronominal expression among Mexicano adults. It also reports on several aspects of Spanish language use. The second phase expands on the preliminary findings of the ethnography reported here. And finally, the third phase will examine Spanish language use of Mexicano children in schools and at home. Although SPP variation has been empirically investigated throughout the U.S. in urban and rural settings that have a strong presence of Chicanos, Mexican-Americans, and Mexicanos such as Bayley & PeaseAlvarez (1997) and Silva-Corvalan (1982, 1994), a gap still remains: This speech community situated between New York City (NYC) and Philadelphia remains to date relatively understudied. This chapter provides only an introduction to the ethnographic aspects of the study and focuses mainly on the findings regarding the variable use of SPPs.
Assessing Google Cardboard virtual reality as a content delivery system in business classrooms

ABSTRACT In the past, researchers have explored virtual reality (VR) as an educational tool primarily for training or therapeutic purposes. In this research, the authors examine the potential for using Google Cardboard VR in business classrooms as a content delivery platform. They specifically investigate how VR (viewing a 3-dimensional, 360° video) differs from the traditional flat-screen (FS) format (viewing a 2-dimensional video [e.g., iPod (Apple, Cupertino, CA)]) as a teaching tool to deliver video-based content. The results demonstrate that participants in the VR condition (vs. the FS condition) rated their enjoyment and interest to be higher. However, the Google Cardboard VR platform was not superior to the iPod FS format in its content delivery with respect to novelty, reliability, and understandability.
Majority of World Population Breathe Bad Air, but Nutritional Habit may be Responsible for Increased Mortality in South Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia

In late September 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) came out with a report that had the most comprehensive analysis to date on air quality worldwide. The report stated that 92 percent of the world population breathes unhealthy air. It also informed that about 3 million deaths annually were caused by air pollution in the form of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and other non-communicable diseases. Nearly sixtyseven percent of those deaths are in the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia, compared with 333,000 only in Europe and the Americas. The current work looks at the probability that this deduction may not be quite precise, and that tobacco use and smoking could be a stronger suspect of the Western Pacific region and Southeast Asia, only China validates the WHO’s declaration.
Effect of Cooperative Make a Match Learning Model on Student's Learning Outcomes on Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solutions Topics

The success of a learning process is determined by the teacher's role in developing the method’s used. The cooperative make a match learning model or a pair performed by providing opportunities for students to find a partner for question and answer cards. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the cooperative make a match learning model towards student’s learning outcomes in the electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions topics. This research was a quasi-experimental design with nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design with class XA was as an experimental group (n = 21) and class XB was as a control group (n = 18). The data testing of student learning outcomes used t-test statistical analysis of the two parties with the prerequisite test: test for normality and homogeneity of a written test that was given after learning (post-test). The results of the data analysis for experiment class were (X1) M = 70.5 with SD = 9.6, and the control class (X2) M = 66.5 with SD = 6,4. Based on the results of testing hypotheses on two parties, it was obtained that -ttabel, + ttable -2.042 <7,45> +2.042 with α = 0.05 and df = 37, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. It can be concluded that there is the effect of cooperative make a match learning model on student’s learning outcomes in the electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions topic in class X Madrasah Aliya DDI Lonja, where the results of students in the experimental class are higher than in the control class. Keywords—Cooperative Learning Model, Model Make a Match, Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution, Students’