Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using the capture-recapture method to estimate the human immunodeficiency virus-positive population

OBJECTIVES The capture-recapture method was applied to estimate the number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals not registered with any data sources. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Lorestan Province, in the west of Iran, in 2016. Three incomplete sources of HIV-positive individuals, with partially overlapping data, were used, including: (a) transfusion center, (b) volunteer counseling and testing centers (VCTCs), and (c) prison. The 3-source capture-recapture method, using a log-linear model, was applied for data analysis. The Akaike information criterion and the Bayesian information criterion were used for model selection. RESULTS Of the 2,456 HIV-positive patients registered in these 3 data sources, 1,175 (47.8%) were identified in transfusion center, 867 (35.3%) in VCTCs, and 414 (16.8%) in prison. After the exclusion of duplicate entries, 2,281 HIV-positive patients remained. Based on the capture-recapture method, 14,868 (95% confidence interval, 9,923 to 23,427) HIV-positive individuals were not identified in any of the registries. Therefore, the real number of HIV-positive individuals was estimated to be 17,149, and the overall completeness of the 3 registries was estimated to be around 13.3%. CONCLUSIONS Based on capture-recapture estimates, a huge number of HIV-positive individuals are not registered with any of the provincial data sources. This is an urgent message for policymakers who plan and provide health care services for HIV-positive patients. Although the capture-recapture method is a useful statistical approach for estimating unknown populations, due to the assumptions and limitations of the method, the population size may be overestimated as it seems possible in our results.
Overlapped clustering for comp transmissions in massively dense wireless networks

Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission is widely recognized as a promising technique for inter-cell interference (ICI) mitigation. Because both the signal processing complexity and the inter-cell data exchanging overhead required by CoMP are limited in practical applications, cooperative clusters which consist of a limited number of base stations (BSs) need to be formed so as to mitigate the interference locally. The clustering scheme significantly affects the average sum-rate of a massively dense cellular network. In this paper, a novel dynamic clustering scheme with overlapped clusters is proposed for multicell cooperative processing (MCP) in the uplink transmission. The clusters formed by this scheme may overlap with each other, thus leading to the desired coupling between clusters. Accordingly the BS which belongs to multiple clusters chooses the detection output with the highest signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) as the final detection result. This scheme is compared with the traditional disjoint clustering scheme in terms of network average sum-rate and the fairness of service. Simulation results show that the overlapped clustering obtains higher average sum-rate with much smaller cluster size and is fairer than the scheme proposed in the existing work.
Determinants of the right of access to food in sub-Saharan Africa.

Food is one of the most important basic needs of human beings since it provides the energy for the physiological functioning of the body. The right to food is thus the right of all individuals alone or in community with others to enjoy physical and economic access to adequate food or the means for its procurement. Adequate food also implies the availability of food in sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy the dietary needs of all individuals and the accessibility of food in ways that are sustainable. Generally, a number of factors are considered important in the determination of the right of access to food. Key among these factors are availability of agricultural resources such as land, water, energy and fertilizer; increase in the demand for food as a result of the increase in population, increase in personal income, development of transportation and storage facilities, macroeconomic stability, sociopolitical stability; seasonal fluctuation in availability of food due to natural disaster, access to safe water, access to health care services, access to sanitation facilities and many others. This paper examines the extent to which these factors have impacted on the ability of the people in Sub-Saharan Africa to have access to food, using a set of cross-country data and a multiple regression analysis. The results obtained indicate that factors like the increase in population, access to sanitation facilities, access to safe water, access to health care services, access to information and increase in the price of food have to some extent impacted on the right of the people to have access to food in the sub-region. Food supply, income of the people, the presence of democratic values, access to education and access to transport play little or no significant role in determining the right of the people to access food. Given these results, measures, such as, the provision of stable macroeconomics policies, reduction in income poverty, provision of basic social services and good governance were suggested as possible solutions to the right of access to food in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Muscle fiber cross-sectional area is increased after two weeks of twice daily KAATSU-resistance training

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of low-intensity (20% of 1-RM) resistance training (LIT) combined with restriction of muscular venous blood flow (KAATSU) on muscle fiber size using a biopsy sample. Three young men performed LIT-KAATSU (restriction pressure 160-240 mmHg), and two young men performed LIT alone. Training was conducted twice daily for 2 weeks using 3 sets of two dynamic lower body exercises. Quadriceps muscle CSA was measured by magnetic resonance imaging at midpoint of the thigh. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle using a needle biopsy. Mean relative change in 1-RM squat strength was 14% in the LIT-KAATSU and 9% in the LIT after two weeks of the training. Mean changes in quadriceps muscle CSA was 7.8% for LIT-KAATSU and 1.8% for LIT. Changes in muscle fiber CSA was 5.9% for type-I and 27.6% (p<0.05) for type-II in the LIT-KAATSU, and -2.1% and 0.5%, respectively, in the LIT. Mean fiber CSA changed 17.0% in the LIT-KAATSU, but not in LIT (-0.4%). We concluded that skeletal muscle and fiber hypertrophy, especially type-II fiber, occur after high frequency KAATSU training.
ImageNet Training in 24 Minutes

Finishing 90-epoch ImageNet-1k training with ResNet-50 on a NVIDIA M40 GPU takes 14 days. This training requires 10 single precision operations in total. On the other hand, the world’s current fastest supercomputer can finish 2× 10 single precision operations per second (Dongarra et al. 2017). If we can make full use of the supercomputer for DNN training, we should be able to finish the 90-epoch ResNet-50 training in five seconds. However, the current bottleneck for fast DNN training is in the algorithm level. Specifically, the current batch size (e.g. 512) is too small to make efficient use of many processors For large-scale DNN training, we focus on using large-batch data-parallelism synchronous SGD without losing accuracy in the fixed epochs. The LARS algorithm (You, Gitman, and Ginsburg 2017) enables us to scale the batch size to extremely large case (e.g. 32K). We finish the 100-epoch ImageNet training with AlexNet in 24 minutes, which is the world record. Same as Facebook’s result (Goyal et al. 2017), we finish the 90-epoch ImageNet training with ResNet-50 in one hour. However, our hardware budget is only 1.2 million USD, which is 3.4 times lower than Facebook’s 4.1 million USD.
Institutional Investors and Equity Returns: Are Short-Term Institutions Better Informed?

We show that the positive relation between institutional ownership and future stock returns documented in Gompers and Metrick (2001) is driven by short-term institutions. Furthermore, short-term institutions' trading forecasts future stock returns. This predictability does not reverse in the long run and is stronger for small and growth stocks. Short-term institutions' trading is also positively related to future earnings surprises. By contrast, long-term institutions' trading does not forecast future returns, nor is it related to future earnings news. Our results are consistent with the view that short-term institutions are better informed and they trade actively to exploit their informational advantage. The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org. , Oxford University Press.
Association between lactoferrin single nucleotide polymorphisms and milk production traits in Polish Holstein cattle

Abstract. Bovine lactoferrin exhibits strong potential for further applications as a mastitis resistance marker. Since selection for mastitis resistance should not interfere with dairy performance, we investigated the association between bovine lactoferrin gene polymorphism and production traits in Polish Holsteins. The associations between four SNPs, localized in the 5’-flanking region and in exons 4 and 9 of the lactoferrin gene, and dairy performance were examined. SNPs were associated with almost all test-day milk performance traits. Significant associations were found between lactoferrin genotypes and the estimated breeding values for those traits. To find out whether the discrepancies between the lactoferrin gene SNP’s influence on phenotype (test-day milk performance) and on estimated breeding values originate from the impact of other factors, we explored the genotype by environment interaction. Substantial impacts of SCC, lactation stage and parity were found. This paper suggests that the genotype by environment interaction may significantly change associations between genes and traits. It is important to include similar analyses to the studies on disease markers before using them in the selection.
Herschel, Spitzer and Magellan infrared observations of the star-forming region RCW 121 (IRAS 17149−3916)

We present new deep near-infrared broadand narrow-band imaging and low-resolution spectroscopy of the star formation region RCW 121 (IRAS 17149−3916) which we analyse in combination with Herschel (70, 160, 250, 350 and 500 μm) and Spitzer (3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8 μm) images. The near-infrared photometry reveals the presence of a stellar cluster of approximate size of 92 arcsec which is composed of at least 264 members, approximately 25 per cent of these showing excess emission at λ > 2.0 μm, indicative of circumstellar discs. Isochrones corresponding to ages 0.5–1.0 Myr and AV = 7.8 fit well the position of a large fraction of likely cluster members in the Ks versus H − Ks diagram. We find three massive star-forming cores located in the boundaries of an expanding H II region ionized by a central O-type star. From their far-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) we derive masses and temperatures of the dense cores. When these young stellar objects (YSOs) have warm emission components, the 1.2–500 μm SEDs are fitted with Robitaille et al.’s star–disc-envelope model to obtain their physical parameters. The masses of the three YSOs are between 8 and 10 M . The youngest site (core I) is undetected at λ < 100 μm and is at the earliest evolutionary stage that can currently be detected. The other two cores (II and III) contain YSOs of similar masses and have near-infrared counterparts, which imply a more advanced evolutionary stage. The YSO at core II has been found to have associated a jet, with strong H2 line emission, co-existing with an H2O maser source. RCW 121 is another example of multiple star formation being triggered by the expansion of a single H II region.
Soil Genesis , Morphology and Classification Occurrence of Palygorskite in Soils of Ecija ( Spain )

Palygorskite has been characterized in soils classified a s typic argixerolls, located in an extensive Quaternary zone in the north of Seville (Spain), where the geological and climatic conditions suggest its genesis. The soils contain a Ck horizon which has different textural characteristics to the other horizons in the profiles. The presence of large white calcareous nodules and cristobalite is the principal difference between them. The formation of palygorsltite at textural discontinuities is in agreement with the characteristics of these soils. Under the present conditions of the soils (pH, magnesium and silicon concentration and soluble salts), the alteration of palygorsltite to smectite is suggested. The sporadic nucleation of large fibres of palygorsltite on silica crystal suggests that this latter mineral could provide the necessary silicon for palygorsltite formation.
Antibacterial Effects of Extracts of Two Types of Red Sea Algae

Introduction: Intestinal bacteria are exposed many external influences, including drugs, causing the emergence of strains resistant to the effects of antibiotics. Consequently, the discovery of new antibiotics that affect resistant strains is required. Marine algae offer a source of renewable natural compounds with antimicrobial effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect some of these compounds and examine their impact on enteric bacteria. Methodology: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter aerogenes were tested with extracts of Turbinaria triquetra and Halimeda opuntia extracted with methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, or dimethyl formamide solvents. We measured bacterial growth inhibition, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and potassium leakage, and analyzed the bacterial cells with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results: The T. triquetra extract produced with methanol strongly affected the bacteria tested. When the results for T. triquetra and H. opuntia were compared with those of omacillin, the T. triquetra and H. opuntia extracts in most solvents were more effective than the antibiotic. Differences in the bacterial growth inhibition and MICs depended on the type of alga and the solvent used. At the end of the incubation period, potassium leakage had increased by 62.98% for E. coli, 61.24% for S. typhi, 61.32% for S. dysenteriae, 64.02% for K. pneumoniae, and 63.10% for E. aerogenes when treated T. triquetra. Conclusion: Turbinaria triquetra extracted with methanol strongly affected the growth of the bacteria tested. Therefore, it is a potential source of natural antibacterial compounds.
Exploiting multiple resources for Japanese to English patent translation

This paper describes the development of a Japanese to English translation system using multiple resources and NTCIR-10 Patent translation collection. The MT system is based on different training data, the Wiktionary as a bilingual dictionary and Moses decoder. Due to the lack of parallel data on the patent domain, additional training data of the general domain was extracted from Wikipedia. Experiments using NTCIR-10 Patent translation data collection showed an improvement of the BLEU score when using a 5-grams language model and when adding the data extracted from Wikipedia but no improvement when adding the Wiktionary.
Comparative biochemical evaluation of leaf extracts of Ficus sycomorus and Piliostigma thonningii plant

The study examined the phytochemical composition, DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging radical activity, ferric reducing power, hemolytic inhibition, hemagglutination inhibition and antibacterial activity of methanol leaf extract of Ficus sycomorus and P. thonningii plant. The results showed the presence of tannins, saponnins, flavonoids, glycoside and phenols while terpenoids, proteins and steroids were absent. The methanol leaf extract of the plants exhibited strong antioxidant activity measured using DPPH radical scavenging activity (Figure 1), hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity (Figure 2) and Ferric reducing power assay (Figure 3) at various concentrations of the extract used (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml). The hemolytic inhibition assay (Figure 4) and hemagglutination inhibition assay (Table 2 and 3) of the plants exhibited strong receptor binding affinity on human red blood cells. The methanol extract from the plants exhibited antibacterial activity (% inhibition) (Table 4) against five selected pathogenic organisms (E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, B. cereus and P. aeruginosa) at 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10 mg/ml concentrations of the extract. Our findings support the use of F. sycomorus and P. thonningii plant in the management and treatment of various ailments.
Metacommunities: Spatial Dynamics and Ecological Communities

Until recently community ecology - a science devoted to understanding the patterns and processes of species distribution and abundance - focused mainly on specific and often limited scales of a single community. Since the 1970s, for example, metapopulation dynamics - studies of interacting groups of populations connected through movement - concentrated on the processes of population turnover, extinction, and establishment of new populations. "Metacommunities" takes the hallmarks of metapopulation theory to the next level by considering a group of communities, each of which may contain numerous populations, connected by species interactions within communities and the movement of individuals between communities. In examining communities open to dispersal, the book unites a broad range of ecological theories, presenting some of the first empirical investigations and revealing the value of the metacommunity approach. The collection of empirical, theoretical, and synthetic chapters in "Metacommunities" seeks to understand how communities work in fragmented landscapes. Encouraging community ecologists to rethink some of the leading theories of population and community dynamics, "Metacommunities" urges ecologists to expand the spatiotemporal scales of their research.
Molecular evidence for the sister relationship of the eastern Asia-North American intercontinental species pair in the Podophyllum group (Berberidaceae)

The presumed pair relationships of intercontinental vicariad species in the Podophyllum group (Sinopodophyllum hexandrum vs. Podophyllum pelatum and Diphylleia grayi vs. D. cymosa) were recently, considered to be paraphyletic. In the present paper, the trnL-F and ITS gene sequences of the representatives were used to examine the sister relationships of these two vicariad species. A heuristic parsimony analysis based on the trnLF data identified Diphylleia as the basal clade of the other three genera, but provided poor resolution of their inter-relationships. High sequence divergence was found in the ITS data. ITS1 region, more variable but parsimonyuninformative. has no phylogenetic value, Sequence divergence of the ITS2 region provided abundant, phylogenetically informative variable characters. Analysis of ITS2 sequences confirmeda sister relationship between the presumable vicariad species, in spite of a low bootstrap support for Sinopodophyllum hexandrum vs. Podophyllum pelatum. The combined ITS2 and trnL-F data enforced a sister relationship between Sinopodophyllum hexandrum and Podophyllum pelatum with an elevated bootstrap support of 100%. Based on molecular phylogeny, the morphological evolution of this group was discussed. The self-pollination might have evolved from cross-fertilization two times in this group. The different pollination and seed dispersal systems of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum and Podophlyllum pelatum resulted from their adaptations to different ecological habitats. The divergence time of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum-Podophyllum pelatum is estimated to be 6.52+/-1.89 myr based on the ITS divergence. The divergence of this species pair predated or co-occurred with the recent uplift of the Himalayas 4-3 myr during the late Miocene and the formation of the alpine habitats. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum developed a host of specialized characters in its subsequent adaptation to the arid alpine surroundings. The present study confirmed the different patterns of species relationship between Asian-North American disjuncts. The isolation of plant elements between North America and eastern Asia must have been a gradual process, resulting in the different phylogenetic patterns and divergence times of the disjuncts.
Homeopathic Trial Design in Influenza

This review presents a critical evaluation of methodological quality in controlled trials on homeopathic treatment of influenza. First, a short summary on the prevalence, quality, and most commonly cited shortcomings of homeopathic controlled trials in general is presented to support the more specific points within influenza trials alone. To this end, three areas of the homeopathic literature are examined; large meta-analyses looking at study quality and results across research areas, reviews on research within specific diagnostic categories, and the available reviews and primary studies on influenza treatment trials. The specific methodological designs of homeopathic influenza treatment trials are then compared, on a point by point basis, to pharmaceutical trials on influenza antiviral drugs. The goal of the evaluation is to highlight frequently cited problems in homeopathic trial design, suggest possible improvement for future studies, and make specific recommendations for homeopathic influenza trials based on a comparison to standardized antiviral trials.
Genetic variability for carotenoid content of grains in a composite maize population

Local maize (Zea mays L.) varieties are cultivated by small-scale farmers in western Santa Catarina (SC) State, in southern Brazil. These small areas frequently present many problems related to biotic and non-biotic stresses, which have limited the economic output and income of the farmers. Production from local varieties for human consumption would be an alternative way of improving income and stimulating on farm conservation. The genetic variability of the total carotenoid content (TCC) of kernels in a local maize population was evaluated for their economic exploitation potential as biofortified food. Two independent samples of 96 half-sib families (HSF) plus four checks were evaluated in two groups of experiments in western SC and each one was carried out in two environments. They were set out in a 10 × 10 partially balanced lattice with three replications per location; plots consisted of one row, 5.0 m long with 1.0 m between rows. TCC ranged from 11 to 23 µg g-1, averaging ≈16 µg g-1 in the pooled analysis over the two sets. The local composite population exhibited genetic variability in order to increase the TCC of grains in the second cycle of selection by the convergent-divergent scheme.
Management of Open Apex in Permanent Teeth with Biodentine

Biodentine is new calcium silicate based cement that exhibits physical and chemical properties similar to those described for certain Portland cement derivatives. This article demonstrates the use of the newer material, Biodentine as an apical matrix barrier in root end apexification procedure. This case reports present apexification and successful healing with the use of Biodentine as an apical barrier matrix.