Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RANS Initialization and Validation in Shock-Driven Turbulent Mixing

We investigate a working framework for testing unsteady engineering model initialization and closures based on comparing moments extracted from ensemble-averaged threedimensional large-eddy simulation (LES) data and those predicted directly by a twodimensional, variable-density, compressible, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model. The particular focus is shock-driven turbulent material mixing, and the prototypical case considered is the inverse chevron shock-tube configuration for which laboratory and LES studies have been previously reported. LES results are validated through comparison with previous LES and available experimental data; sensitivity to initial material interface conditions, grid resolution, model, and closure specifics are examined.
Simulation and analysis for the microwave backscattering coefficient of rice

Based on the vector radiative transfer theory (VRT), a first-order microwave backscattering model for rice canopy is presented. The rice canopy is characterized as uniform layer containing leaves and stems, while the spike of rice is omitted. The probability distribution of the size and orientation of the leaves and stems of rice is obtained by the statistics of the field measurement. The model takes into account all the main physical processes, including the scattering and extinction of the leaves and stems in the rice canopy and the reflection of the underlying water. The backscattering coefficient of the rice canopy is calculated using the model. According to the simulation results, the variations of the rice backscattering coefficient with the time, incidence angle, wavelength and polarization are discussed. Some valuable quantitative results and practical conclusions are summarized.
Is activity in online quizzes correlated with higher exam marks?

Online quizzes are widely used as formative learning exercises. An important innovation is that online activity log data allow direct measurement of student activity in quizzes, such as time taken and number of attempts. It has previously been shown that participation in quizzes increases dramatically when grades are awarded as incentives. Data from six semesters in an introductory economics course show a significant positive correlation between total quiz activity and final exam marks for a given first test mark. This has implications for the prediction of exam aegrotats. While the results don't necessarily imply a causal link between quiz activity and exam marks, they do provide some evidence to indicate such a link.
Assessment of Educational Environment in Cardiology Residencies

Introduction: The “educational environment”, which is the combined result of physical environment, interpersonal relations, stressing factors and the reward and penalty system, among others, influences student motivation, readiness to study and academic achievement. Educational environment assessment focuses on student perception of the context beyond what might be “objectively” appreciated by an external observer. Objective: The aim of this study is to present results obtained from the application of a local version of the PHEEM questionnaire to cardiology residents to explore whether their perception differs according to hospital public or private condition. Methods: We applied the PHEEM (Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure) questionnaire, developed by S. Roff, S. McAleer and A. Skinner, which is a specific tool to assess educational environment in the hospital setting. Results: One hundred and forty eight residents from 31 Buenos Aires City and Greater Buenos Aires hospitals, who attended the 2012 Biennial Cardiology Course, completed the questionnaire: 71 residents from public hospitals, 75 from private hospitals and 2 who did not identify hospital condition. Private hospital residencies showed significantly better learning conditions. Differences were found in supervision availability, sanitation facilities and resting / meeting rooms for doctors on call, the sense of physical security inside the hospital and the adequate number of patients and studies for learning. There were no differences regarding the high level of exigency, poor feedback and lack of “protected” time to study during working week hours. Conclusions: It would be necessary to evaluate other specialty residencies and programs implemented in other jurisdictions, to analyze whether this is a general conclusion or it only applies to cardiology residencies in the metropolitan area.
Presence of Burnout in Undergraduate Athletic Training Students at One Western US University

Objective: Determine if undergraduate athletic training students enrolled in an accredited athletic training education program (ATEP) and participating in clinical assignments experience burnout. Design and Setting: Undergraduate athletic training students enrolled in a clinical education course were surveyed during the fourth and twelfth weeks of a 15 week semester. Participants answered eight demographic/status questions for correlation. Subjects: Fifty-one undergraduate athletic training students in a Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) accredited ATEP participated. Measurements: Data were analyzed using covariance analysis with categorical independent variables and continuous covariants. Emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA) were scored in accordance with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Post hoc testing was done when interactions/effects were significant at p = . 05. Dependent variables included EE, DP, and PA. Results: Overall mean scores demonstrated moderate levels of EE (17.0), low levels of DP (5.7), and moderate levels of PA (38.0). Fourth (+) semester students (students in their 4 or 5 semester of th th the ATEP) reported high DP levels (13.3) and high levels of EE (30.9). Semester effect ( p = pre- 0.0001; post- 0.007) and semester by gender interaction ( p = pre- 0.0017; post- 0.005) had an effect on EE for both testing times. For DP, semester ( p = pre- 0.0001; post-0.0003), and semester by gender interaction ( p = pre- 0.0001; post-0.0001) were significant interactions/effects for both testing periods. Undergraduate athletic training students demonstrated a moderate degree of burnout from their clinical assignments and associated responsibilities. The ATEP appeared to have a cumulative effect evidenced in the fourth (+) semester with a high/average degree of burnout.
Health care provider s' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pre-conception care

Pre-conception care is one of the most important components of health care for women in reproductive age that seek to improve women’s health by pregnancy risk-assessment, education, and diagnostic interventions. This study aimed to assess health care providers’ knowledge, attitude and practice about preconception care. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study comprising all health care providers in the city of Khoy as the study population, selected in method (218 persons). Data were collected through a field survey using a researcher constructed questionnaire, to which 167 subjects (77%) responded. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistic and χ2 tests. Findings of present study showed that physicians (63.6%), health technicians (68%), and healthcare social workers (74.6%) had moderate knowledge and Bachelors of Science in family health (66.7%) had a good knowledge about preconception care. All groups had a positive attitude toward preconception care. Practice of nearly 70% of physicians and 75% of Bachelors of Science in family health in all preconception care fields was poor, but majority of family physician project midwives (64.7%) and healthcare social workers (52.4%) had a moderate practice in this area. A significant correlation was observed between study subjects’ educational qualifications and their knowledge, attitude, and practice. Given the results obtained in this study, staff training, preparation for applicability of information, and increased sensitivity of health care providers and others involved in providing obstetrics and health services to pre-conception care appear necessary for improvement of services in this area.
The Use of baropodometry for the evaluation of plantar pressure distribution in ankylosing spondylitis /Ankilozan Spondilitte plantar basinc dagilimini degerlendirmek icin Baropodometri kullanimi

Aim: Ankylosing Spondylitis is among the most common inflammatory rheumatic diseases and associated with postural alterations. The aim was to investigate the baropodometric variations between patients with ankylosing spondylitis to detect whether postural alterations affect plantar pressure distribution. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 41 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 32 volunteers with compatible age and gender. Moreover, Visual Analog Scale, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index were used to determine the clinical conditions of the patients. Plantar pressure distribution was determined by static baropodometric measurements. Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of static baropodometric measurements (p>0.05). The lower peak pressures on the forefoot and rear foot are associated with higher BASMI, BASDAI, BASFI and ASQoL scores of the patients (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Postural alterations might have an impact on plantar pressure in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Valores normales de la amplitud de acomodación subjetiva entre los 5 y los 19 años de edad

Objective : To determine the normative values of the amplitude of accommodation (AA) with four subjective procedures. Materials and methods : 586 students between the ages of 5 and 19 from public schools in Pereira were included. AA was measured by means of the Donders (push up [PU], push down [PD] and modified push down [MPD]) and Sheard (minus lens [ML]) methods. Results : The average for the entire age group was: PU: 14.58 D; PD: 9.55 D; MPD: 12.01 D; ML: 11.00 D; in addition, the change of the AA for age was estimated through linear regression: PU: 0.25 D; PD: 0.03 D; MPD: 0.10 D; ML: 0.09 D. Conclusions : AA is different with each technique, and when compared to studies conducted outside of Colombia; furthermore, AA decrease is not similar in these tests.
Traditional opera and young people: Cantonese opera as personal development

Abstract Cantonese opera, one of the regional opera forms in China, flourishes mainly in the southern province of Guangdong. By exploring the culture of Cantonese operatic singing, this study explores the role of traditional music in the lives of young people. Ethnography was chosen as the method of data collection and to describe the findings of the study. The rituals and core values of Cantonese operatic singing lessons were identified. The findings showed that musical tastes not only have sociability and performative components, they also have physical components. Young people construct the rituals of learning Cantonese opera as an important context for their personal development.
The effect of perceived justice on LBS users’ privacy concern

As a killer application of the mobile Internet, location-based services (LBS) have been popular among users. However, due to the collection and utilization of users’ location information, LBS have raised users’ privacy concern, which may negatively affect their usage. From the perspective of perceived justice, this research examined LBS users’ privacy concern and continuance usage. Perceived justice includes three dimensions: distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice. The results indicated that perceived justice has significant effects on privacy concern, satisfaction and flow. These three factors determine continuance usage. The results imply that service providers need to improve users’ perceived justice in order to mitigate their privacy concern and facilitate their continuance usage of LBS.
Detection of new intentions from users for software service evolution in human-centric context-aware environments using Conditional Random Fields

The capability to accurately and efficiently obtain users’ new requirements is critical for software evolution, so that timely improvements can be made to systems to adapt to the rapidly changing environment. However, current software evolution cycles are often undesirably long because the elicitation of new requirements is mostly based on system performance or delayed user feedback and slow-paced manual analysis of requirements engineers. In this thesis, I propose a general methodology that employs Conditional Random Fields (CRF) as the mathematical foundation to provide quantitative exploration of users’ new intentions that often indicate their new requirements. My methodology is supposed to be applicable in context-aware software environments, and beneficial for discovering new requirements sooner and considerably shortening software evolution cycles. First of all, a situation-centric specification language – SiSL, is proposed to formalize the concepts and ontology of the application domains of our methodology. In SiSL, the domain of discourse is divided into five sorts of entities: action, desire, object, situation and situationsequence. Another two important concepts, context and intention, are defined based on the five basic entities. A set of axioms are proposed to explain the relations among action, context values and desires. Based on the concepts and axioms in SiSL, a domain knowledge base which can completely describe and specify user’s behaviors and desires in human-centric context-aware environments can be constructed. To infer a user’s desire based on a peculiar form of observations and a specific detection mechanism for user’s new intentions, which may imply new requirements, the Conditional Random Fields (CRF) method is applied as a mathematical foundation to support my research
Universal Optimizations of Scoring Functions for Virtual Screening

Structure-based virtual screening is gaining popularity in drug discovery. A number of molecular docking programs and scoring functions have been developed in the community, but they had not fulfilled the demands for the improved accuracy, yet. In order to improve the accuracy, the consensus scoring method has been developed. It combines docking scores from various scoring functions without considering characteristics of the docking scores. In this study, we adopted the concepts of the consensus scoring, and improved the docking score from each docking programs, DOCK, FRED or GOLD, for virtual screening. Instead using simple sum of score components in those docking scores, weight factors of the score components were introduced and adjusted for better predictions of active ligands during virtual screening. Several optimization processes were tested to find the best optimization methods of the docking scores using a wide variety of 113 target proteins with over 2000 diverse decoys. Finally, the optimizations improved the chance to discover the active ligands by up to 52.4% (e.g. from 36.8% to 56.1% using GOLD) for the test set. Additionally, the combination of the optimized scores using GOLD and FRED improved success rate in the test set by 77.2%, and approximately 70% of ligands for target proteins were predictable in the test set with 20 times enrichment.
Nonoperative management of blunt splenic and liver injuries in adultpolytrauma

Background: Isolated splenic or hepatic injuries are present in approximately 30% of all cases of adult abdominal trauma. Most authors quoted above have limited nonoperative management (NOM) to patients with isolated organ injury. Results of NOM following blunt hepatic and splenic trauma in patients with multiple injuries were evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed on multiple injured adults with splenic and liver injures resulting from blunt trauma. Associated injuries, clinical signs at presentation, used diagnostic tools, injury grading, transfusion requirements, morbidity and mortality were documented. Results: Medical records of 275 patients aged from 17 to 81 years with blunt splenic and liver trauma and associated injuries were analyzed. Patients with hemodynamic instability or obvious peritoneal signs were excluded from further study. Surgery was indicated in 106 patients without response or transient response for fluid challenge. 131 of 237(55%) patients were selected for NOM: 78 with splenic, 46 with liver and 7 with injuries to both. 25(19%) patients were older 55 years. The mean injury severity score was 25.2. Injury grade ranged from I-IV and the degree of hemoperitoneum was from mild to severe. 8 patients failed NOM (6%). Mean blood transfusion requirement during first 24 hours at admission was 0.3 units. Morbidity rate was 1.2%. Two patients (1.5%) died following severe head trauma. Conclusion: Nonoperative strategy is the preferred modality for the care of blunt splenic and liver injuries in the hemodynamically stable patients, irrespective of age, grade of injury, associated injuries or degree of hemoperitoneum.
CAAD Visualization Techniques Mediate the Conceptual Design Process as a Thinking Tool - Reflection on action study

This research explores the practical findings of CAAD visualization techniques for the analysis and understanding of early phases of the conceptual design. Our aim is to allow subjects to focus on their design tasks rather than worry about the creation of effective concept presentation. The possibility of a complete computer mediated conceptualization process should be acknowledged as a visual thinking tool. This research will have implications for both how the designer’s visual thinking process can be interfaced with CAAD and, perhaps more importantly, may provide new assumptions for the designer’s visual cognitive research to explore in order to provide the foundation for more useful tools for designers .
Program-target instruments of the mechanism of state support for agriculture

This paper considers the functioning of the economic mechanism of supporting agriculture in Russia as part of a program-oriented approach to the regulation of the economy. The directions of state support and their justification should consider the balance of economic interests of all market participants. A classification of the mechanisms of state support is proposed according to the sources of financing, the duration of the period of action of measures, to the levels of regulation, and to the reproduction stages. A retrospective analysis of the stages of state support for agriculture in the framework of program-targeted tools was carried out. Key issues that reduce the effectiveness of the current mechanism of state support are identified.
Evaluation of a Waiting List Initiative in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate Initial Assessment (IA), a new system for managing referrals. The system is designed to: reduce waiting times, reduce 'did not attend' (DNA) rates, and improve multi-disciplinary team working and team morale, compared to the existing referral procedure. METHOD A comparison was made between a child mental health service using IA and a second centre using the existing system over a 6-month period, based on administrative records, a child functioning measure, staff and user questionnaires. RESULTS The Initial Assessment system was associated with a significantly shorter average waiting time for the first appointment (9 weeks) and a lower DNA rate (10%) in the intervention centre. The populations seen under the new and existing systems were similar in terms of the severity of cases. Staff reported a positive impact overall on team working and team morale, despite a reported individual increase in time pressure; users reported acceptance of the system. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the increase in team morale and support from colleagues associated with the new system may have mediated against any negative impact of the increased time pressure. Substantial cost savings to the NHS are indicated.
Gendered climate change adaptation practices in fragmented farm fields of Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to assess the existence of gendered climate change adaptation practices of smallholder farmers in the Gamo Highlands of Ethiopia. We hypothesized that smallholders’ adaptation practices are gendered because of land fragmentation and gendered division of labour. To explore this, we considered sustainable land management practices as a tool for sustainable adaptation and assessed the effect of land management practices deployed and land fragmentation on intra-household time allocation. The results indicate that although land fragmentation increased hours worked by men and women significantly, fragmentation increased the working hours of men more than women. Application of a larger number of sustainable land management practices increases the mean working hours of women, but leaves unaffected the working hours of men, implying that adaptation practices are gender-biased. Therefore, this study can guide land management decisions by pointing out that fragmentation results in long working hours and adaptation practices may disproportionately affect women.
Axiomatizations from Structural Operational Semantics: Theory and Tools

Structural Operational Semantics (SOS) is a well known standard for specifying language semantics in a natural, yet rigorous way. Once a formal way of checking for the equivalence of two programs written in such a language is provided, it is of great interest to derive efficient automated methods to prove if equivalences hold. Also of high interest for language designers is the possibility of enhancing the expressiveness of SOS in a formal manner, preserving as much from the already developed meta-theory of SOS as possible. The thesis focuses on these two areas, both from a theoretical and a practical perspective. The line of research addresses the extension of SOS with predicates and data, while lifting certain results from the meta-theory of SOS to these extensions. These results include automatically deriving axiomatizations for reasoning on program equivalence, and checking for compliance to rule formats in order to guarantee desired properties. Besides these extensions, the thesis provides an axiomatization for the coordination language Linda, presents a method to optimize axiomatizations for language constructs that are commutative, and presents a rule format for idempotent unary operators and idempotent terms. The practical aspect of this thesis consists of a core software framework for working with SOS meta-theories, named Meta SOS, which is implemented in Maude. The framework includes components for automatically deriving axiomatizations, performing simulations, and checking whether language constructs comply to a format for commutativity. It is designed in a modular and extensible fashion, and serves as a base for future implementations of other results from the meta-theory of SOS. Axiomatizations from Structural Operational Semantics: Theory and Tools