Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pittsburgh Study of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Risk for Diabetes Among Relatives of IDDM

AN analysis has been made of the family histories of a survey of 1280 cases of IDDM entering Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between December 31, 1964 and January 1, 1981, discharged on insulin and initial age of onset under 17 yr. Family histories revealed an increased occurrence of IDDM among relatives in the affected families. The risk to siblings was estimated by age-corrected proband exclusion (3.3%) by age 20 and by the Li-Mantel segregation ratio estimator (6.0%). The comparison of these risk measures is discussed. The occurrence of IDDM among the parents is 2.6% and of NIDDM among the parents is 2.4%. A comparison of risk to relatives (parents, sibs, uncles, half-sibs) observed in the Pittsburgh Study to those of six other studies reveal essentially equivalent rates. There is no increased risk to siblings of a diabetic who had an early age of onset. There is an increased risk to siblings of a diabetic (10.5%) in families where at least one parent has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and also an increased risk to siblings of a diabetic (8.8%) when at least one parent has non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). The average age of onset for second cases in a family is significantly older than age of onset in single case families.
A mutation in the hepatitis E virus RNA polymerase promotes its replication and associates with ribavirin treatment failure in organ transplant recipients.

We analyzed blood samples collected from 15 patients with chronic hepatitis E who were recipients of solid-organ transplants. All patients cleared the hepatitis E virus (HEV) except for 2 (nonresponders); 1 patient died. A G1634R mutation in viral polymerase was detected in the HEV RNA of the nonresponders; this mutation did not provide the virus with resistance to ribavirin in vitro. However, the mutant form of a subgenomic replicon of genotype 3 HEV replicated more efficiently in vitro than HEV without this mutation, and the same was true for infectious virus, including in competition assays. Similar results were obtained for genotype 1 HEV. The G1634R mutation therefore appears to increase the replicative capacity of HEV in the human liver and hence reduce the efficacy of ribavirin.
L'evidenzialità in rumeno e nelle altre lingue romanze

La presenza in alcune lingue del mondo di mezzi grammaticali di tipo evidenziale, che segnalano cioè la fonte dell'informazione o, più in generale, il modo in cui il locutore è venuto a conoscenza del contenuto proposizionale dell'enunciato, è ormai un dato acquisito negli studi tipologici (dal pionieristico Chafe/Nichols 1986 fino alla recente rassegna in Aikhenvald/Dixon 2003). Questi stessi studi hanno però anche dimostrato che soltanto in alcune lingue l'evidenzialità viene grammaticalizzata, mentre in molte altre le indicazioni sulla fonte dell'informazione spettano a mezzi lessicali (lessemi verbali, avverbi etc.), esterni al sistema grammaticale vero e proprio. Anche nelle lingue romanze non mancano mezzi di espressione lessicale dell'evidenzialità: come nota Lazard (2000, 214), dit-on, paraît-il, à ce que je vois, à ce qu'il semble, apparemment, comme on sait si riferiscono tutti in qualche modo alla fonte dell'informazione. A partire da questo quadro generale condiviso, che distingue tra lingue che grammaticalizzano l'evidenzialità e lingue che si limitano a lessicalizzarla (Ramat 1996, 290–291), si è assistito recentemente a diversi tentativi (in particolare a partire da Dendale 1993 e Guentchéva 1994) di estendere la portata dell'evidenzialità considerandola come un fenomeno grammaticale interno al sistema verbale romanzo. In questa prospettiva è stato ad esempio proposto di dare una caratterizzazione evidenziale di ausiliari modali come devoir + infinito (Dendale 1994, Dendale/De Mulder 1996, Haßler 2002, 162–164) e pouvoir + infinito (Tasmowski/Dendale 1994), ma anche di forme analitiche, come il Passé Composé (Guentchéva 1994), o di veri e propri morfemi flessivi, come il Condizionale in francese (Dendale 1993, Guentchéva 1994), il Futuro e Condizionale in italiano e in altre lingue romanze (Coseriu 1976, 80, Radanova-Kuševa 1991–1992, Squartini 2001), l'Imperfetto Indicativo in spagnolo (Reyes 1990, 1994, Haßler 2002, 164–168, Leonetti/Escandell-Vidal 2002) e in italiano (Berretta 1992, 141, Squartini 2001).
DIVERGENCE EXCESS: CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULTS OF TREATMENT WITH ORTHOPTICS

Abstract This, paper retrospectively examines the results of the treatment of 18 subjects 111 males, seven females) with divergence, excess, using orthoptics. The mean age of the subjects was 15.8 years, which was significantly younger than the population from which this group was referred. Diplopia (89%) and asthenopia(56%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. Seventy‐two per cent of the subjects had intermittent deviations of the eyes. Over the mean necessary course of treatment of 5.2 weekly. the distance angle of deviation (slightly) and the positive vergenes at distance and near were found to have changed significantly. The near angle of deviation, the negative vergences. The near point of convergence. The amplitude of accommodation, and the threshold of stereopsis were found to have remained stables over the treatment period. Further results of the study are presented and the implications of these result with regard to the treatment of divergence excess are briefly discussed.
Comparison of intensive insulin therapy versus conventional glucose control in traumatic brain injury patients on parenteral nutrition: A pilot randomized clinical trial

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a valuable life saving intervention, which can improve the nutritional status of hospitalized malnourished patients. PN is associated with complications including hyperglycemia. This study was conducted to compare two methods of blood glucose control in traumatic brain injury patients on PN. Materials and Methods: A randomized, open-label, controlled trial with blinded end point assessment was designed. Traumatic brain injury patients (GCS = 4-9) on PN, without diabetes, pancreatitis, liver disease, kidney complication, were participated. Patients were randomly assigned to receive continuous insulin infusion to maintain glucose levels between 4.4 mmol/l (80 mg/dl) and 6.6 mmol/l (120 mg/dl) (n = 13) or conventional treatment (n = 13). Patients in the conventional group were not received insulin unless glucose levels were greater than 10 mmol/l (>180 mg/dl). These methods were done to maintain normoglycemia in ICU. The primary outcome was hypo/hyperglycemic episodes. Other factors such as C-reactive protein, blood electrolytes, liver function tests, lipid profile and mid-arm circumference were compared. Results: Mean glucose concentration were significantly lower in IIT group (118 ± 28 mg/dl) vs conventional group (210 ± 31 mg/dl) (P < 0.01). No hypoglycemic episode occurred in two groups. Triglyceride (P = 0.02) and C-reactive protein (P = 0.001) was decreased in the IIT group, significantly. There were also significant differences in the electrolytes, with magnesium and phosphorus being lower in the IIT group (P = 0.05). Conclusion: In this pilot study, blood glucose level, CRP and TG were lower in IIT group. Further data collection is warranted to reach definitive conclusions.
Multispectral classification of Landsat-images using neural networks

The authors report the application of three-layer back-propagation networks for classification of Landsat TM data on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The results are compared to Gaussian maximum likelihood classification. First, it is shown that the neural network is able to perform better than the maximum likelihood classifier. Secondly, in an extension of the basic network architecture it is shown that textural information can be integrated into the neural network classifier without the explicit definition of a texture measure. Finally, the use of neural networks for postclassification smoothing is examined. >
Neural Network Classification of White Blood Cell using Microscopic Images

With the technological advances in medical field, the need for faster and more accurate analysis tools becomes essential for better patients’ diagnosis. In this work, the image recognition problem of white blood cells (WBC) is investigated. Five types of white blood cells are classified using a feed forward back propagation neural network. After segmentation of blood cells that are obtained from microscopic images, the most 16 significant features of these cells are fed as inputs to the neural network. Half of the 100 of the WBC sub-images that are found after segmentation are used to train the neural network, while the other half is used for test. The results found are promising with classification accuracy being 96%.
High species richness of Chironomidae (Diptera) in temporary flooded wetlands associated with high species turn-over rates

Abstract Species richness and species turn-over of Chironomidae was studied in irregularly flooded wetlands of the River Dalälven flood-plains in central Sweden. The chironomid fauna, sampled with emergence traps in six wetlands over six summers, contained as much as 135 species, and the cumulative species curves indicated that the regional species pool contain several more species. Recurrent irregular floods may have induced this high chironomid species richness and the high species turn-over in the temporary wetlands, as the dominance between terrestrial and aquatic species shifted between years. Half of the wetlands were treated with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) against larvae of the flood-water mosquito Aedes sticticus. These treatments had no significant effect on chironomid species richness, but there was a higher species turn-over between years of primarily low abundance species in the treated wetlands. The cumulative number of species was also higher in the Bti-treated experimental wetlands than in the untreated reference wetlands. Thus, Bti treatment against mosquito larvae seemed to have only small effects on chironomid species richness but seemed to increase the colonisation-extinction dynamics.
K‐ras mutation in sputum of patients with or without lung cancer

K‐ras mutation appears in about 60% of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This frequency and its presence in normal appearing tissues point to the potential of ras oncogene mutation to serve as a good biomarker. Using enriched PCR (EPCR), which enables the detection of one mutant allele in the presence of 10,000 normal alleles, we have determined the frequency of mutant ras alleles in the sputum samples of patients with or without lung cancer. Samples were collected from 37 patients with NSCLC and from 4Q controls who suffered from non‐oncological lung diseases, including bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia. Of the 37 samples obtained from patients with lung cancer, 18 were found to harbor ras oncogene mutations (48%). Of the 40 cases that were free of lung cancer, five were found to harbor this mutation (12.5%). The difference between the two frequencies was found to be significant (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that (a) K‐ras oncogene mutation can be identified in routinely obtained sputum samples of patients who may be at risk of developing lung cancer and (b) the higher frequency of these mutations in samples of patients with lung cancer points to the potential use of the ras mutation as a biomarker for either exogenous or endogenous exposure to carcinogens. Thus, the ability to examine sputum provides a powerful and convenient source of sampling and may be adapted for future large‐scale screening. J. Cell. Biochem. 25S:172–176. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expressions of Loss of Adulthood in the Narratives of People with Colorectal Cancer

The diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer entail detailed discussions of bodily functions, invasive procedures, and a reorientation of life around bowel habit. Furthermore, people with stomas undergo a second experience of toilet training in adulthood. For these reasons, colorectal cancer is sometimes considered an embarrassing disease. Narrative interviews with colorectal cancer patients indicate the inadequacy of the concept of embarrassment in describing the loss of dignity, privacy, independence, and sexual confidence as well as a compromised ability to work, travel, and socialize. The link between bowel control and the constitution of adult identity must be acknowledged if health professionals and carers are to offer the most appropriate forms of information and support to people affected by colorectal cancer.
Genome Data Shake Tree of Life

The new wealth of microbial genome sequences is threatening to overturn evolutionists9 "tree of life. " In the current tree, a universal common ancestor gave rise to the two microbial branches, the archaea and bacteria (which lack cell nuclei), and the archaea then gave rise to the eukarya (all organisms that have cell nuclei). But the new sequences show that genes don9t evolve at the same rate or in the same way, so the evolutionary history inferred from one gene may be different from what another gene appears to show. Even more perplexing, some genomes have been found to contain a mix of DNAs from both the archaea and the bacteria. Many evolutionary biologists are coming to believe that these mosaics arose because genes hopped from branch to branch as early organisms either stole genes from their food or swapped DNA with their neighbors. If this gene swapping was extensive enough, the tree9s "base" may turn out to be indecipherable: a network of branches that merge and split and merge again before sprouting the modern kingdoms.
Interleukin-8 in Takayasu's arteritis: plasma levels and relationship with disease activity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the plasma levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in Takayasu's arteritis (TA) and their relationship with disease activity. METHODS IL-8 levels were detected by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the plasma of 53 TA patients, 25 age/sex-matched healthy controls and of 10 serially followed up active TA patients on immunosuppressive therapy. RESULTS Significantly increased levels of IL-8 were observed in TA patients (26.32 +/- 48.96 pg/ml) compared to controls (6.0 +/- 2.45 pg/ml) (p = 0.0006) and in patients with active TA (55.0 +/- 71.43 pg/ml) compared to those with an inactive disease (8.94 +/- 6.35 pg/ml) (p = 0.0001). The increased levels of the chemokine were present in 37% (20/53) of the patients compared to 8% (2/25) of the controls (p < 0.01) and in 80% (16/20) of patients with active TA compared to 12% (4/33) of those with an inactive disease (p < 0.0001). In the follow-up study, the plasma levels of IL-8 were normalized in 6/10 of the patients and the disease in 5 of these 6 patients was also observed to undergo remission. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IL-8 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of TA.
Psychometric Properties of the General Self-Efficacy Scale in a Colombian Sample

The self-efficacy construct has been studied from two different viewpoints. Firstly, in a specific manner, as it was originally proposed and secondly, in a generalized way, defined as an optimistic self-belief of personal capability to cope efficiently and competently with a variety of situations. In order to measure this construct at the broadest level the General Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) was designed and adapted to Spanish in Costa Rica. This study aimed at validating the scale in a Colombian sample composed of college students. Participants were also administered the Situational Personality Questionnaire (named in Spanish as Cuestionario de Personalidad Situacional, CPS) and its factors have, theoretically speaking, a certain relationship with the studied construct. According to the results, the GSE showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha value of .83). Convergent and discriminant validity of this instrument were evaluated through the CPS and positive correlations were obtained with efficacy, confidence, self-concept and emotional stability while negative correlations were obtained with anxiety. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the unidimensional structure of the scale was validated.
Docking and molecular dynamics simulation of the Azurin–Cytochrome c551 electron transfer complex

We coupled protein–protein docking procedure with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the electron transfer (ET) complex Azurin–Cytochrome c551 whose transient character makes difficult a direct experimental investigation. The ensemble of complexes generated by the docking algorithm are filtered according to both the distance between the metal ions in the redox centres of the two proteins and to the involvement of suitable residues at the interface. The resulting best complex (BC) is characterized by a distance of 1.59 nm and involves Val23 and Ile59 of Cytochrome c551. The ET properties have been evaluated in the framework of the Pathways model and compared with experimental data. A 60 ns long MD simulation, carried on at full hydration, evidenced that the two protein molecules retain their mutual spatial positions upon forming the complex. An analysis of the ET properties of the complex, monitored at regular time intervals, has revealed that several different ET paths are possible, with the occasional intervening of water molecules. Furthermore, the temporal evolution of the geometric distance between the two redox centres is characterized by very fast fluctuations around an average value of 1.6 nm, with periodic jumps at 2 nm with a frequency of about 70 MHz. Such a behaviour is discussed in connection with a nonlinear dynamics of protein systems and its possible implications in the ET process are explored. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Anfänge der akkadischen Epen

^Erweiterte Fassung eines Vertrags, gehalten am 16. i. 1976 in Münster, Westf. Das Thema dieser Untersuchung hat K. Hecker in „Untersuchungen zur akkadischen Epik" (AOAT S 8, 1974) nur am Rande gestreift: S. g f. , Anm. 2, zu sum. u4-ri-a etc.; S. i6f. zu in Pround Epilogen aufscheinenden Motiven für Abfassung und Vortrag der Epen; S. 65 zum Vorhandensein von Einleitungen mit inüma, ina üml ulluti und Hymnus; S. 76f. zum hymnischen Beginn. Ich möchte hier der Frage nachgehen, ob es bestimmte, formal beschreibbare Typen für den Beginn der akkadischen Epen gibt und welche Veränderungen sie erfahren haben: 1. CT 15, i—2 S. 153. 2. Etana-Epos, altbab. Fassung S. 156. 3. 'Nergal und Ereskigal·, mittelbab. S. 159. 4. Atramhasis, altbab. S. 160. 5. Weltschöpfungsepos, jungbab. S. 163. 6. 'IStars Höllenfahrt' S. 174. 7. Anzu-Epos, jungbab. S. 175. 8. CT 15, 3—4 S. 179. 9. Das Agu§aja-Lied S. 181. 10. Adad-näräri-Epos S. 187. 11. Erra-Epos S. 191. 12. Gilgame§-Epos S. 200. 13. Die jungbab. Fassung des Etana-Epos S. 211. 14. Ergebnisse S. 214. 2 Bearbeitet von W. H. Ph. Römer, WO 4, 1967, S. 12—28.
Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 polymorphism Asp299Gly is not associated with disease course in Dutch sarcoidosis patients

The aetiology of sarcoidosis, a systemic disorder characterized by the formation of non‐caseating granulomas in variable organs, remains enigmatic. Clarification is hampered by heterogeneity in disease phenotypes and course, due partly to the influence of a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Multiple studies have pointed towards bacteria as possible causative agents. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are innate immunity receptors important in the immune response against pathogens. TLR‐4, together with CD14 and MD‐2, is an essential receptor for the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), unique to the cell wall of Gram‐negative bacteria. Recently, an association between TLR‐4 polymorphism Asp299Gly, leading to a change in the extracellular domain of the receptor and possible hyporesponsiveness to LPS, and a chronic course of sarcoidosis was found in German patients. In the present study this polymorphism was genotyped in 156 Dutch sarcoidosis patients and 200 healthy Dutch controls using dual‐labelled fluorescent oligonucleotides. No differences were found in allelic distributions between patients and controls (P = 0·79) or within the different clinical entities of the sarcoidosis group (P = 0·44). Importantly, there were no differences between the Dutch and German sarcoidosis patients (P = 0·62). However, the allelic distribution of the Asp299Gly polymorphism differed significantly between both control groups (P = 0·04). This study highlights the importance of testing a reported gene association in a distinct population when performing genetic association studies.
The Effectiveness of Psycholinguistic Training: A Reaffirmation of Position

The effectiveness of psycholinguistic training is a topic that has generated much interest and research. In 1974 Hammill and Larsen published an article that reviewed 38 studies that had attempted to foster psycholinguistic skills in children while using the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities as the criterion for improvement. The conclusion of this review was that psycholinguistic training is essentially nonvalidated. In an article published in the February 1978 issue of Exceptional Children, Lund, Foster, and McCall-Perez reanalyzed many of the studies reported by Hammill and Larsen and indicated that some had been inaccurately reported, inappropriately categorized, and/or misinterpreted. The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate that, in fact, the studies discussed in Hammill and Larson's 1974 paper were accurately reported and that the current status of psycholinguistic training is that it remains nonvalidated. Readers are encouraged to formulate their own perceptions regarding this controversial area.
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A distinctive, undifferentiated carcinoma with inflammatory stroma

Two cytologically uniform, light-microscopically undifferentiated carcinomas of the uterine cervix are described. The tumors were morphologically identical to nasopharyngeal lymphoepitheliomas, including the presence of an intense inflammatory stromal reaction with prominent lymphocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells. One neoplasm occurred in a 29–year–old, was clinically Stage IB, and was successfully treated with radiation therapy, with 10–year disease–free follow–up. The second tumor developed in a 58-year-old, was clinically Stage IIIB, and resulted in the patient's death 17 months after diagnosis. When the malignant cells in these tumors were widely separated by inflammation, they could be easily overlooked or confused with lymphoproliferative lesions. Immunocytochemical stains were performed on one case. The tumor cells stained strongly for keratin and epithelial membrane antigen, but were negative for leukocyte common antigen, verifying their epithelial nature. Until the biologic behavior of this cytologically distinctive tumor is more clearly understood, it should be separated from conventional cervical cancers with prominent stromal inflammation.