Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol use and relationship quality among South African couples

Abstract Objective: The HIV literature has largely ignored the importance of alcohol use in the quality of intimate relationships in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite evidence of alcohol’s role in relational behaviors that increase risk for HIV infection and other harms. The present study explored the association of alcohol use with relationship functioning among heterosexual couples from rural South Africa. Method: Dyadic analyses were conducted with 443 sexually active, heterosexual, South African couples (886 individuals) to examine the association between male partners’ alcohol use (abstinent, nonhazardous, and hazardous), and male and female partners’ reports of relationship intimacy, trust, mutually constructive communication, demand/withdraw communication, and satisfaction. Five structural equation models were fit using male partner alcohol use as a predictor of male and female reports of relationship quality. Results: Women with a hazardous-drinking male partner (compared to an abstainer) reported significantly higher levels of intimacy (p <.05) and significantly more demand/withdraw communication (p <.001); men who were hazardous drinkers reported significantly less trust in their relationship compared to men who were abstainers (p < .01). Conclusions: Hazardous alcohol use among South African couples is positively correlated with women’s relationship intimacy and maladaptive communication patterns, yet negatively correlated with men’s perceived trust.
Profile-Based Bandit with Unknown Profiles

Stochastic bandits have been widely studied since decades. A very large panel of settings have been introduced, some of them for the inclusion of some structure between actions. If actions are associated with feature vectors that underlie their usefulness, the discovery of a mapping parameter between such profiles and rewards can help the exploration process of the bandit strategies. This is the setting studied in this paper, but in our case the action profiles (constant feature vectors) are unknown beforehand. Instead, the agent is only given sample vectors, with mean centered on the true profiles, for a subset of actions at each step of the process. In this new bandit instance, policies have thus to deal with a doubled uncertainty, both on the profile estimators and the reward mapping parameters learned so far. We propose a new algorithm, called SampLinUCB, specifically designed for this case. Theoretical convergence guarantees are given for this strategy, according to various profile samples delivery scenarios. Finally, experiments are conducted on both artificial data and a task of focused data capture from online social networks. Obtained results demonstrate the relevance of the approach in various settings.
Short-Term Movement of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Visceral Leishmaniasis-Endemic Village in Bihar, India

ABSTRACT: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), transmitted by the sand fly, Phlebotomus argentipes, is frequently reported on the Indian subcontinent where its basic ecology is largely unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar solution (10%), containing colored food dye (0.5%) applied to peridomestic vegetation, to mark P. argentipes and subsequently estimate horizontal movement by capturing dye-marked specimens in CDC light traps in a village in Bihar, India. From September 30 to November 27, 2016, a total of 667 captured sand flies were successfully marked using sugar baits, of which 608 were P. argentipes (∼91.2%). Although the majority of P. argentipes were captured <100 m from the respective marking sites, a significantly greater proportion of females (15.7%) was captured >100 m from marking sites when compared to males (3.1%). Sand flies that ingested sugar bait were only collected from areas containing >eight vegetation types and mature banana plants. The average number of marked P. argentipes captured per trap-night (±SD) <100 m from respective marking sites was greatest in peridomestic vegetation (Males: 0.9 ± 1.97; Females: 0.63 ± 1.44), followed by areas with livestock (Males: 0.66 ± 2.75; Females: 0.24 ± 0.69), and areas with humans only (Males: 0.1 ± 0.36; Females: 0.11 ± 0.31). To our knowledge, this is the only study in Bihar in which sand flies have been marked with food dyes, and the results demonstrate the potential usefulness of food dyes in estimating short-term movement of P. argentipes. Limitations of this experiment are that the number of each trap location type, vegetation composition at marking sites, and distance of all trap sites from marking sites were not homogenous, and the total number of marked sand flies collected were relatively low. In spite of the above limitations, these data should prove useful in developing a large-scale study addressing the caveats. Results of such a study could provide important information regarding the dynamics of VL transmission and inspire managers to pursue alternative means of sand fly control on the Indian subcontinent.
Pupillometry Trends in the Setting of Increased Intracranial Pressure

ABSTRACT Serial pupil examinations remain a mainstay of neurological assessments performed by neuroscience nurses. Integration of pupillometer technology has increased in recent years, because of its ability to address limitations of manual examinations and to evaluate trended data over time. Preliminary research has linked pupillometer values to intracranial pressure (ICP) values, but data on pupillary changes in the setting of increased ICP remain sparse. The purpose of this study was to determine trends in pupillometer values in the setting of increased ICP among critically ill patients with neurological injury. This is a secondary analysis of data where serial pupillometer and ICP readings were recorded hourly on adult patients with neurological injury necessitating critical care management. More than 2100 paired serial pupillometer and ICP readings were obtained from 76 subjects, with a total of 2107 paired readings for the left eye and 2175 for the right eye. There were statistically significant differences in pupillometry values in the setting of increased ICP. Time series analysis indicates that spikes in ICP values resulted in corresponding variations in pupillometer values. Use of automated pupillometry remains a value adjunct to traditional invasive therapies. Evaluation of trended data may provide insight into ICP elevations in the absence of invasive monitoring and warrants additional research.
Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with early childhood caries among preschool children of Western Maharashtra

Introduction: Early childhood caries is a preventable disease of multifactorial etiology and is a public health problem affecting majority of the preschool-age children of the country. If left untreated, it has many social, economic, and nutritional implications and affects the quality of life of the affected child. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 preschool children of Karad city, western Maharashtra, to assess the prevalence of dental caries among the preschool children and to assess the factors affecting the development of dental caries. Various child-level, parent-level, attitudinal- and family-level factors, and clinical variables were evaluated. Results: High prevalence of caries of 87.5% was observed in the study sample. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association of age of child (P < 0.001), age of mother at birth (P = 0.041), feeding during 1st year (P = 0.034), snacking habits (P = 0.001), and brushing frequency (P = 0.03) with dental caries. On multivariate analysis, the factors of snacking habits (P = 0.003) and age of child (P = 0.002) remained significantly correlated with dental caries. Conclusion: There was a strong and consistent relation of the snacking habits with the prevalence of dental caries among the preschool children of Karad city. There is a need to sensitize the caregivers regarding the role of frequent snacking in dental caries.
A Comparison of the Mortality Risk Associated With Ventilator-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Nonventilator ICU-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia*

Objectives: To investigate the respective impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia and ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia on the 30-day mortality of ICU patients. Design: Longitudinal prospective studies. Setting: French ICUs. Patients: Patients at risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia and ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia. Interventions: The first three episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia or ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia were handled as time-dependent covariates in Cox models. We adjusted using the case-mix, illness severity, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score at admission, and procedures and therapeutics used during the first 48 hours before the risk period. Baseline characteristics of patients with regard to the adequacy of antibiotic treatment were analyzed, as well as the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score variation in the 2 days before the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia or ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia. Mortality was also analyzed for Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species(ESKAPE) and P. aeruginosa pathogens. Measurements and Main Results: Of 14,212 patients who were admitted to the ICUs and who stayed for more than 48 hours, 7,735 were at risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia and 9,747 were at risk of ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia. Ventilator-associated pneumonia and ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia occurred in 1,161 at-risk patients (15%) and 176 at-risk patients (2%), respectively. When adjusted on prognostic variables, ventilator-associated pneumonia (hazard ratio, 1.38 (1.24–1.52); p < 0.0001) and even more ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia (hazard ratio, 1.82 [1.35–2.45]; p < 0.0001) were associated with increased 30-day mortality. The early antibiotic therapy adequacy was not associated with an improved prognosis, particularly for ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia. The impact was similar for ventilator-associated pneumonia and ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia mortality due to P. aeruginosa and the ESKAPE group. Conclusions: In a large cohort of patients, we found that both ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia were associated with an 82% and a 38% increase in the risk of 30-day mortality, respectively. This study emphasized the importance of preventing ICU–hospital-acquired pneumonia in nonventilated patients.
Re-checking App Behavior against App Description in the Context of Third-party Libraries

Recent research suggested promising approaches that identify potential malware by checking the inconsistence between app description and actual behavior of the app. However, state-of-the-art approaches have ignored the impact of thirdparty libraries (TPLs) when detecting outliers, which could affect the detection results greatly in two folds. On one hand, most Android apps would not list the functionality of TPLs in app description, which could cause false positives, as many apps that use TPLs will be identified as outliers. On the other hand, it is important to separate TPLs from custom code when analyzing the sensitive behaviors, otherwise the malicious behaviors of custom code will be obscured by TPLs. In this paper, we revisit the study of checking app behavior against app description in the context of TPLs. Experiment results on more than 400K Android apps suggest that more than 54% of apps are no longer identified as outliers after filtering TPLs, and we could identify roughly 50% of new outliers. Furthermore, removing the impact of TPLs could help to identify malware and pinpoint the malicious behavior of custom code. Out results shed a light on applying the TPL analysis to enhance a variety of mobile app analysis tasks.
Phytochemical analysis of Ononis arvensis L. by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

Ononis arvensis L. can be found overall in Europe and is used to treat infections of the urinary tract and skin diseases in ethnopharmacology. Flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, oxycoumarin scopoletin and scopolin, phytosterols, lectins and some selected isoflavonoids were identified in O. arvensis till date; however, there is a lack of the detailed investigation of the isoflavonoid profile of the plant. With the application of high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, the fragmentation patterns of isoflavonoid derivatives found in O. arvensis roots and aerial parts were investigated and discussed. Isoflavonoid glucosides, glucoside malonates, aglycones and beta amino acid derivatives were characterized, among which homoproline isoflavonoid glucoside esters were described for the first time. Besides the known isoflavonoid aglycones described earlier in other Ononis species, two 2'-methoxy isoflavonoid derivatives were detected. The presence of licoagroside B was verified and its structure was also corroborated by NMR experiments. Altogether, the high-resolution fragmentation pattern of 47 isoflavonoids and glycosides are presented and their relative quantity in the roots and the aerial parts can be evaluated. Based on this information, the chemotaxonomic relation of Ononis species and the biosynthesis of their compounds could be comprehended to a greater depth.
Mixed-Cell-Height Placement Considering Drain-to-Drain Abutment

Along with device scaling, the drain-to-drain abutment (DDA) constraint arises as an emerging challenge in modern circuit designs, which incurs additional difficulties especially for designs with mixed-cell-height standard cells which have prevailed in advanced technology. This paper presents the first work to address the mixed-cell-height placement problem. considering the DDA constraint from post global placement throughout detailed placement Our algorithms consists of three major stages: (1) DDA-aware preprocessing, (2) legalization, and (3) detailed placement. In the DDA-aware preprocessing stage, we first align cells to desired rows, considering the distribution ratio of source nodes to drain nodes. After deciding the cell ordering of every row, we adopt the modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method to remove all cell overlaps with minimum total displacement in the legalization stage. For detailed placement, we propose a satisfiability-based approach which considers the whole layout to flip a subset of cells and swap pairs of adjacent cells simultaneously. Compared with a shortest-path method, experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly reduce cell violations and displacements with reasonable runtime.
Reciprocity and Donation

Donation-based support for open, peer production projects such as Wikipedia is an important mechanism for preserving their integrity and independence. For this reason understanding donation behavior and incentives is crucial in this context. In this work, using a dataset of aggregated donation information from Wikimedia's 2015 fund-raising campaign, representing nearly 1 million pages from English and French language versions of Wikipedia, we explore the relationship between the properties of contents of a page and the number of donations on this page. Our results suggest the existence of a reciprocity mechanism, meaning that articles that provide more utility value attract a higher rate of donation. We discuss these and other findings focusing on the impact they may have on the design of banner-based fundraising campaigns. Our findings shed more light on the mechanisms that lead people to donate to Wikipedia and the relation between properties of contents and donations.
Hormonal and Gynecological Risk Factors in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a condition that likely involves an interplay of autoimmune, hormonal, and environmental factors in its pathogenesis. There is a lack of comparative studies demonstrating the presence of hormonal background differences in FFA patients compared to the general population. Materials and Methods: A single-center case-control study was designed, including 104 female FFA patients and 208 controls. Patients and controls were interviewed, and extensive data regarding their gynecological and hormonal background were recorded. Results: One hundred four cases and 208 age-matched controls were included in the study. A significant difference of 2 years in the age of menopause was detected with a consistent mean increase in fertile life for the control group of 1.7 years. After the multivariate analysis, we found previous intake of tamoxifen to be a risk factor for the development of FFA (OR 14.89). The only protective factor identified was the previous use of an intrauterine device (IUD) (OR 0.22). Conclusions: An earlier menopause and tamoxifen intake might promote or maintain FFA, while the use of an IUD might protect from developing FFA. Our results support the previously proposed hypothesis of an underlying hormonal mechanism in the etiopathogenesis of FFA and point out low-estrogen environments as an ideal condition for FFA development.
Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders in the Era of Target Drugs

This review summarizes the more recent evidence about epidemiology and risk factors for invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients affected by Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), indolent Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (iNHL) and Multiple Myeloma (MM). Despite advances in the prognosis and treatment of hematological malignancies in recent years, susceptibility to infection remains a significant challenge to patient care. A large amount of data regarding patients with acute leukemia has been published while little information is available on the incidence of IFI in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLD). New drugs are now available for treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders which may cause suppression of humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and deficiency of white blood cells, increasing the risk for infections which remain the leading cause of mortality in these patients.
Feature Extraction and Selection of Sentinel-1 Dual-Pol Data for Global-Scale Local Climate Zone Classification

The concept of the local climate zone (LCZ) has been recently proposed as a generic land-cover/land-use classification scheme. It divides urban regions into 17 categories based on compositions of man-made structures and natural landscapes. Although it was originally designed for temperature study, the morphological structure concealed in LCZs also reflects economic status and population distribution. To this end, global LCZ classification is of great value for worldwide studies on economy and population. Conventional classification approaches are usually successful for an individual city using optical remote sensing data. This paper, however, attempts for the first time to produce global LCZ classification maps using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data. Specifically, we first produce polarimetric features, local statistical features, texture features, and morphological features and compare them, with respect to their classification performance. Here, an ensemble classifier is investigated, which is trained and tested on already separated transcontinental cities. Considering the challenging global scope this work handles, we conclude the classification accuracy is not yet satisfactory. However, Sentinel-1 dual-Pol SAR data could contribute the classification for several LCZ classes. According to our feature studies, the combination of local statistical features and morphological features yields the best classification results with 61.8% overall accuracy (OA), which is 3% higher than the OA produced by the second best features combination. The 3% is considerably large for a global scale. Based on our feature importance analysis, features related to VH polarized data contributed the most to the eventual classification result.
Assessing the relative contribution of social exclusion, income-poverty, and financial strain on depressive symptoms among older people in Hong Kong

Abstract Objectives: The role of social exclusion in depressive symptoms in older people has not been examined systematically. This study examines the associations of social exclusion, income poverty, and financial strain with depressive symptoms and evaluates the moderating effect of social support in the link between social exclusion and depressive symptoms. Method: Our sample consisted of 850 older people (65 years old or above) in Hong Kong randomly selected through a household survey. We used a logistic regression to evaluate the associations of social exclusion, income poverty, and financial strain with depressive symptoms, controlling for social support and social network variables, health indicators, and socio-demographic variables. Results: We found that social exclusion, income poverty, and financial strain are positively associated with depressive symptoms, but only social exclusion (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.51–2.99, p < 0.001) and financial strain (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.16–2.03, p < 0.01) maintain their significance after all other covariates are adjusted. Moreover, perceived social support negatively moderates the relationship between social exclusion and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Social exclusion is significantly associated with depressive symptoms in older people, but this association can be moderated by social support.
Effect of high- and low-resistance inspiratory muscle training on physiological response to exercise in cross-country skiers.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different kinds of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on work capacity and selected spirometric indices in trained male cross-country skiers. METHODS The study involved 13 competitively trained, elite Polish male cross-country skiers. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups who completed 7 weeks of RMT: one with gradually increasing resistance (power RMT) and the other with constant resistance (endurance RMT). Both groups' training programmes consisted of 30 inspiratory manoeuvres performed twice a day, 6 days a week. The first week of RMT started with a low resistance (29 cmH2O). In the following weeks, resistance in the power RMT group was gradually increased, while in the endurance RMT group, inspiratory resistance was maintained at a constant level of 53 cm H2O (36±8% PImax). Maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), peak inspiratory flow rate (PIF), and stress test indices were measured before and after RMT. The stress test was conducted on a ski ergometer, with a gradual increase in intensity in all-out effort. RESULTS A significant increase in PImax, PIF, and exercise work capacity (test time, work output, and peak power) was noted in both groups. No significant changes were observed in the VO2max or the selected respiratory variables. CONCLUSIONS During a short training period (up to 7 weeks), the use of gradual and constant inspiratory resistance during RMT improves exercise and spirometric parameters in a similar way. RMT did not have a considerable impact on breathing efficiency in maximal effort.