Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term growth of the Himalaya inferred from interseismic InSAR measurement

The rise and support of the ∼5000 m topographic scarp at the front of Indian-Eurasian collision in the Himalaya involves long-term uplift above a mid-crustal ramp within the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) system. Locking of the shallower portion of the flat-ramp-flat during the interseismic period also produces transient uplift above the transition zone. However, spatial and temporal relationships between permanent and transient vertical deformation in the Himalaya are poorly constrained, leading to an unresolved causal relationship between the two. Here, we use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to measure interseismic uplift on a transect crossing the whole Himalaya in central Nepal. The uplift velocity of 7 mm/yr at the front of the Annapurna mountain range is explained by an 18–21 mm/yr slip rate on the deep shallow-dipping portion of the MHT, with full locking of the mid-crustal ramp underlying the High Himalaya. The transient uplift peak observed by InSAR matches spatially with the long-term uplift peak deduced from the study of trans-Himalayan river incision, although models of the seismic cycle involving thrusting over a ramp of fixed geometry predict an ∼20 km separation between the two peaks. We argue that this coincidence indicates that today’s mid-crustal ramp in central Nepal is located southward with respect to its average long-term location, suggesting that mountain growth proceeds by frontward migration of the ramp driven by underplating of material from the Indian plate under the Himalaya.
PROPOSED TRNSYS MODEL FOR STORAGE TANK WITH ENCAPSULATED PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS

Latent heat storage (LHS) using phase change materials (PCM) is a promising avenue to resolve the frequent timing mismatch between energy supply and demand. This paper deals with the modelling and simulation of a versatile thermal energy storage tank filled with encapsulated PCMs of rectangular geometry. A simple model is implemented as a TRNSYS component un a complete building simulation to be used for selecting phase change temperature and testing control strategies. It uses the enthalpy method and assumes phase change occurs over a small temperature range. A comparison of model results to numerical results found in the literature indicates that it can predict the dynamic performance of this type of thermal energy storage (TES) tank with reasonable accuracy during loading and off-loading cycles. Further work, will aim to improve the model and validate it against experimental measurements.
Achieving cooperation in the arms race game. Two new approaches

When the risks of national security associated to inferior military power are perceived to be high, the interaction between rival countries resembles a prisoner dilemma with an arms race as its inevitable dominant strategy equilibrium. This paper investigates two different ideas. First, we incorporate in the static form of the game a psychological payoff associated to the perception of motivations and, second we extend the game in a dynamic setup, with overlapping terms of statesmen. In both cases, we find ways out of the arms race equilibrium.
Close to the stone, far from the throne : the story of a javanese fishing community. 1820s-1990s

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FAN mediates TNF-induced actin reorganisation

The WD repeat protein FAN is a member of the family of TNF receptor adapter proteins that are coupled to specific signalling cascades. In contrast to the other known adapter proteins that bind to the death domain of TNF-RI, FAN has been shown to interact with a membrane-proximal NSD domain. Though initially shown to promote nSMase activation by TNF, the precise functional involvement of FAN in specific cellular responses upon TNF stimulation remained unclear. In this work the role of FAN during TNF signalling was analysed. The data presented here show that FAN is involved in TNF-induced filopodia formation which is dependent on the activation of Cdc42. The N-terminal fold of FAN was identified in this study as a PH domain which specifically binds to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P) and targets FAN to the plasma membrane. Site-specific mutagenesis revealed that the ability of FAN to mediate filopodia formation was blunted either by the destruction of the PtdIns(4,5)P binding motif, or by the disruption of intramolecular interactions between the PH domain and the adjacent BEACH domain, suggesting a functional contribution of the BEACH domain. In order to mediate TNF-induced actin reorganisation, FAN was shown to interact with the actin cytoskeleton in TNF-stimulated cells by binding directly to F-actin, thus providing a scaffold linking TNF signalling to actin reorganisation. FAN deficiency affected TNF-induced fibroblast motility and in vivo migration of Langerhans cells demonstrating the impact of FAN-mediated actin reorganisation for TNF-stimulated motility. The results of this study identify FAN as a central mediator of TNF-induced actin reorganisation and show that PH-mediated plasma membrane targeting of FAN is critically involved in linking TNF signalling to actin cytoskeleton reorganisation.
Azeotropic Binary Solvent Mixtures for Preparation of Organic Single Crystals

Here, a new approach is introduced to prepare large single crystals of π‐conjugated organic molecules from solution. Utilizing the concept of azeotropism, single crystals of tri‐isopropylsilylethynyl pentacene (TIPS‐PEN) with dimensions up to millimeters are facilely self‐assembled from homogeneous solutions comprising two solvents with opposing polarities and a positive azeotropic point. At solvent compositions close to the azeotropic point, an abrupt transition of morphology from polycrystalline thin‐films to large single crystals is found. How to adjust the initial ratio of the binary solvents so that the change in solvent composition during evaporation favors the specific H‐aggregation and promotes an efficient self‐assembly of TIPS‐PEN is explained. The charge‐carrier (hole) mobilities are substantially enhanced by a factor of 4 from the morphology of thin‐films to large single crystals used as active layer in field‐effect transistors. Additionally, this approach is extended to other π–π stacked organic molecules to elucidate its broad applicability.
Using a Head-Mounted Video Camera to Understand Social Worlds and Experiences

1.1 This paper considers the use of digital video as a research method for qualitative researchers; specifically the head-mounted video (headcam) and the opportunities it offers for deepening our understanding of social life. Headcam is one of a range of recent technological innovations relating to video that provide researchers with new means of addressing methodological challenges. To date, little has been written about the use of digital video in relation to social research (Henley 1998; Pink 2007a). Even less has been written on the specifics of headcam video techniques and less still on its potential outwith a positivist framework. Our exploratory research on mountain bikers' and walkers' embodied, multi-sensory ways of knowing and experiencing landscapes demonstrates some of the possibilities that advancements in headcam technology can offer interpretative and reflexive approaches to social research.
Standard curve derived errors in colorimetric quantification of biotherapeutic proteins

Precise quantification of biotherapeutic protein is essential to many of the downstream applications involving protein studies. In the present study, we evaluated Lowry, Bradford and Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay to quantify granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated GCSF. Although these assays could be used for quantification of GCSF and PEGylated GCSF the differences in protein concentrations were observed depending on the use of standard curve for extrapolation. Recovery percentage (%) was calculated by considering 100 times the ratio of observed concentration to true concentration. Lower recovery % for GCSF and PEGylated GCSF was observed when Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was used as standard for extrapolation of protein concentrations. Recovery % of GCSF and PEGylated GCSF was more precise when standard curve derived from GCSF and PEG-GCSF was used, respectively. Overall the results suggest that using standard curve derived from pure target protein that are more similar to samples provide more appropriate concentrations in colorimetric protein assays.
The pro apoptotic effect of brittle star dichloromethane extract on B16F10 melanoma cell line

Cancer is the second important reason of mortality in the world. In this regard melanoma was accounted as the most aggressive type of coetaneous cancer. Among drug extracted from natural products from marine organisms have been focused investigations related to chemotherapeutic agents derived from echinoderms such as sea cucumbers and starfish. In the present study, cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing potential of Persian Gulf Brittle Stars dichloromethane extract were evaluated against melanoma cancers. In this study, anti-proliferative effect of brittle stars Dichloromethane extract on B16F10 melanoma cells examined by MTT assay and morphological characterization and death inducing effect of Annexin-PI and PI flow cytometry. The data analysis was performed by SPSS software and p<0/05 were considered significant. The dichloromethane extract of brittle star revealed significant cytotoxic effect on B16F10 melanoma cells with IC 50 = 31 µg/ml which is stronger than inhibitory effect of methanol extract on melanoma cell growth. In addition, brittle star dichloromethane extract recruited apoptotic pathway in the response of 31 µg/ml treatment. This study showed that certain concentrations of dichloromethane brittle stars possess cytotoxic activity that can be used as an anticancer agent used in clinical trial due to cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction which offer therapeutic investigations of dichloromethane brittle star extract as complementary for melanoma treatment and prevention.
Degradation kinetics of fisetin and quercetin in solutions affected by medium pH, temperature and co-existed proteins

Impacts of pH, temperature and coexisted proteins on degradation kinetics of two flavonoids fisetin and quercetin were assessed by spectroscopic method in the present study. Based on their degradation rate constants ( k ), fisetin was more stable than quercetin. Increasing medium pH from 6.0 to 7.5 at 37 °C would enhance respective k values of fisetin and quercetin from 8.30*10 −3 and 2.81*10 −2 to 0.202 and 0.375 h -1 ( P <0.05). In comparison with their degradation at 37 °C, fisetin and quercetin at higher temperature showed larger respective k values (0.124 and 0.245 h −1 at 50 °C, or 0.490 and 1.42 h −1 at 65 °C). Four protein products in medium provided stabilization to both fisetin and quercetin ( P <0.05), as protein addition at 0.10 g L -1 could decrease respective k values to 2.28*10 −2 -2.98*10 −2 and 4.37*10 −2 -5.97*10 −2 h −1 . Hydrophobic interaction between the proteins and the two flavonoids was evidenced responsible for the stabilization mostly, as sodium dodecyl sulfate could destroy the stabilization significantly ( P <0.05). Both casein and soybean protein products provided greater stabilization than whey protein isolate. It thus concluded that higher temperature and alkaline pH will bring about greater flavonoid loss, but proteins can inhibit flavonoid degradation.
MEASUREMENTS OF E-MODE POLARIZATION AND TEMPERATURE-E-MODE CORRELATION IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND FROM 100 SQUARE DEGREES OF SPTPOL DATA

We present measurements of E-mode polarization and temperature-E-mode correlation in the cosmic microwave background using data from the first season of observations with SPTpol, the polarization-sensitive receiver currently installed on the South Pole Telescope (SPT). The observations used in this work cover 100 deg 2 ? > of sky with arcminute resolution at 150 GHz. We report the E-mode angular auto-power spectrum (EE) and the temperature-E-mode angular cross-power spectrum (TE) over the multipole range 500 < ℓ ≤ 5000. These power spectra improve on previous measurements in the high-ℓ (small-scale) regime. We fit the combination of the SPTpol power spectra, data from Planck, and previous SPT measurements with a six-parameter ΛCDM cosmological model. We find that the best-fit parameters are consistent with previous results. The improvement in high-ℓ sensitivity over previous measurements leads to a significant improvement in the limit on polarized point-source power: after masking sources brighter than 50 mJy in unpolarized flux at 150 GHz, we find a 95% confidence upper limit on unclustered point-source power in the EE spectrum of D ℓ = ℓ ( ℓ + 1 ) C ℓ / 2 &pgr; < 0.40 &mgr; K 2 ? > at ℓ = 3000 ? > , indicating that future EE measurements will not be limited by power from unclustered point sources in the multipole range ℓ < 3600 ? > , and possibly much higher in ℓ . >
Return Period of a Sea Storm with at Least Two Waves Higher than a Fixed Threshold

Practical applications in ocean engineering require the long-term analysis for prediction of extreme waves, that identify design conditions. If extreme individual waves are investigated, we need to combine long-term statistical analysis of ocean waves with short-term statistics. The former considers the distribution of standard deviation of free surface displacement in the considered location in a long-time span, of order of 10 years or more. The latter analyzes the distribution of individual wave heights in a sea state, which is a Gaussian process in time domain. Recent advanced approaches enable the combination of the two analyses. In the paper the analytical solution is obtained for the return period of a sea storm with at least two individual waves higher than a fixed level. This solution is based on the application of the Equivalent Triangular Storm model for the representation of actual storms. One of the corollaries of the solution gives the exact expression for the probability that at least two waves higher than fixed level are produced during the lifetime of a structure. The previous solution of return period and the relative probability of exceedance may be effectively applied for the risk analysis of ocean structures.
On the mechanics of caldera resurgence of Ischia Island (southern Italy)

Abstract A model of caldera resurgence was applied to the Island of Ischia to explain uplift, volcanic activity and tectonics on Mount Epomeo, as well as historical seismicity and slow ground movements recorded for the past 2000 years. A two-dimensional mechanical model was utilized for the crust, which was considered to be an elastic plate overlying a laccolith. Geometric dimensions and mechanical parameters were constrained using geological, geophysical and geochemical data. We propose that a laccolith, with a diameter L of c. 10 km, and a depth of up to 1 km in the centre of the island, triggered the caldera resurgence after the Mount Epomeo Green Tuff eruption forming the caldera (55 000 a bp). A bending phase and a punched laccolith phase are thought to have caused the observed deformations in the caldera. These processes control the tectonics at the boundary of the Mount Epomeo resurgent structure, volcanic activity and dynamics of the island.
High Angular Momentum Halo Gas: A Feedback and Code-independent Prediction of LCDM

We investigate angular momentum acquisition in Milky Way-sized galaxies by comparing five high resolution zoom-in simulations, each implementing identical cosmological initial conditions but utilizing different hydrodynamic codes: Enzo, Art, Ramses, Arepo, and Gizmo-PSPH. Each code implements a distinct set of feedback and star formation prescriptions. We find that while many galaxy and halo properties vary between the different codes (and feedback prescriptions), there is qualitative agreement on the process of angular momentum acquisition in the galaxy’s halo. In all simulations, cold filamentary gas accretion to the halo results in ∼4 times more specific angular momentum in cold halo gas (λcold ≳ 0.1) than in the dark matter halo. At z > 1, this inflow takes the form of inspiraling cold streams that are co-directional in the halo of the galaxy and are fueled, aligned, and kinematically connected to filamentary gas infall along the cosmic web. Due to the qualitative agreement among disparate simulations, we conclude that the buildup of high angular momentum halo gas and the presence of these inspiraling cold streams are robust predictions of Lambda Cold Dark Matter galaxy formation, though the detailed morphology of these streams is significantly less certain. A growing body of observational evidence suggests that this process is borne out in the real universe.
POLYNOMIAL NUMERICAL INDICES OF BANACH SPACES WITH 1-UNCONDITIONAL BASES

The only in nite-dimensional complex space with 1-unconditional basis which has polynomial numerical index of order 2 equal to 1 is c0. In the real case, there is no space of this type. We also show that, in the complex case, if X is an in nite-dimensional Banach sequence space with absolute norm whose dual is norming and has polynomial numerical index of order 2 equal to 1, then c0 ⊂ X ⊂ `∞. In the real case, again there is no space of this type.
An overview of goby-fry fisheries

A number of diadromous gobies, notably Sicydium spp. and Sicyopterus spp. , support fisheries based on return migrations of postlarvae (fry) to rivers. Most species are tropical, although close relatives occur in Japan. The life history of this group has often been incorrectly described as catadromous (spawning in the sea or estuary), whereas anadromous (spawning in rivers) would be more accurate.
Fast cold gas in hot AGN outflows

Observations of the emission from spatially extended cold gas around bright high-redshift quasars (QSOs) reveal surprisingly large velocity widths exceeding 2000kms −1 , out to projected distances as large as 30kpc. The high-velocity widths have been interpreted as the signature of powerful AGN-driven outflows. Naively, these findings appear in tension with hydrodynamicmodelsinwhichAGN-drivenoutflowsareenergy-drivenandthusveryhotwith typical temperatures T 10 6−7 K. Using the moving-mesh code AREPO, we perform ‘zoom-in’ cosmologicalsimulationsofa z ∼6QSOanditsenvironment,followingblackholegrowthand feedback via energy-driven outflows. In the simulations, the QSO host galaxy is surrounded by a clumpy circumgalactic medium pre-enriched with metals due to supernovae-driven galactic outflows. As a result, part of the AGN-driven hot outflowing gas can cool radiatively, leading to large amounts (10 9 M� ) of cold gas comoving with the hot bipolar outflow. This results in velocity widths of spatially extended cold gas similar to those observed. We caution, however, thatgasinflows,randommotionsinthedeeppotentialwelloftheQSOhostgalaxyandcooling of supernovae-driven winds contribute significantly to the large velocity width of the cold gas in the simulations, complicating the interpretation of observational data.
Assessment of maturity of Loire Valley wine grapes by mid-infrared spectroscopy

Aim: The objective of the present study was to assess the ripening of grapes collected at different stages of maturation between the “veraison” and harvest periods from mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) analysis.Methods and results: Grape berries of Cabernet Franc collected in two locations of the Loire Valley region (Touraine and Anjou), from 28 vine plots and during two vintages (2005 and 2006) were analysed. With principal component analysis (PCA) of spectral data of grape musts, different levels of ripening were described during the three to four weeks before harvest. A separation according to origin (Touraine or Anjou) was also observed and confirmed by the results of partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis (88 % of correct classification). Similar evolutions and geographical discriminations were obtained for specific physicochemical parameters. By PLS regression, good predictions of titratable acidity and sugar concentration from berry spectral data were obtained, with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.53 g/L for titratable acidity (expressed in H2SO4) and 8 g/L for sugar concentration. Moreover, when the data from only one of the regions were considered, the predictions of titratable acidity and sugar concentration were improved and those of real acidity (pH) and maturity index were then satisfactory. The RMSEP values for samples from Touraine and Anjou were reduced, respectively, to 0.05 and 0.02 units for pH, 0.4 and 0.12 g/L for titratable acidity (expressed in H2SO4), 6.6 and 3.2 g/L for sugar concentration, and 5 and 2.2 units for maturity index.Conclusion: Spectroscopic and classic chemical analyses of grape berries yielded highly similar results. The evolution of berries from “veraison” to harvest can be characterized according to both time course and region. The samples showed similar PCA results for chemical and IR spectra parameters. PLS regression between chemical and spectral data showed that Fourier transform IR is a good method to predict acidity and sugar concentration throughout ripening. And the results for these parameters, as well as for pH, maturity index and anthocyanin concentration, are improved if the regressions are calculated from sample sets restricted to a single growing region. Consequently, a calibration model is required for each grape geographical origin.Significance and impact of the study: The potential of MIRS was demonstrated for the quantification of the main indicators of maturity during berry ripening. Furthermore, these spectra can be used to estimate grape maturity in particular in reference to a spectral database established over several years of study. The association infrared spectroscopy, chemometric methods and database will help to monitor ripening and to determine the optimum harvest date.
Reliability and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in Lithuania

Background: Purpose of the study was to examine: (1) the criterion validity and test-retest reliability of the IPAQ-LT short-form (SF) and long-form (LF) and (2) its potential over-reporting and energy expenditure over-estimation. Material and methods: 130 participants, aged 18-69 years, wore the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer (ACC) on all waking hours over 7 consecutive days. One day before and after they completed both versions of the back-translated IPAQ-LT. 92 participants were included for the reliability and 81 for the validity tests. Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients were calculated as the measurement of agreement. Results: Only the walking category significantly (p <.05) correlated with the ACC, SF (.22), LF (.20). Compared with ACC data IPAQ-LT averaged 997% (SF) and 1512% (LF) more weekly minutes of PA and 864% (SF) and 1477% (LF) more MET-min/week. The classification of participants as sufficiently active was 87.6% (SF), 90.1% (LF), and 8.7% (ACC). Conclusions: The validity for total PA scored relatively low compared with other studies. Substantial PA over-reporting and EE over-estimation were observed. As such, the evidence is very weak to support the use of IPAQ-LT as a relative or an absolute measure of PA and further work in this regard is amended.