Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and depression in children: a test of the positive-negative affect model.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether the two-factor model of affect presented by Watson and colleagues is applicable to school children. METHOD A child self-report scale of symptoms of depression and anxiety was administered to 624 school children in the third and sixth grades. Factor analyses were applied to extract factors of positive and negative affect. Reliabilities, correlations, and longitudinal analyses were performed to examine the developmental pathway of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). RESULTS In contrast to Watson's early findings, our results indicate that the PA and NA scales are significantly negatively correlated cross-sectionally as well as longitudinally. Moreover, our findings indicate that children with high NA and low PA in the third grade display a worse prognosis than children who have either high NA or low PA. CONCLUSIONS A new affect model is needed for describing children's mood status. In addition, an important implication of these findings is that the occurrence of comorbid mood status in children confers a high risk for later emotional problems.
Microneutralization test for influenza A and B and parainfluenza 1 and 2 viruses that uses continuous cell lines and fresh serum enhancement

A modified microneutralization test for influenza A and B and parainfluenza 1 and 2 viruses was developed. Use of continuous cell lines (Madin-Darby canine kidney and LLC-MK2), hemagglutination for virus detection, and transfer plates and other microtiter equipment resulted in a highly mechanized technique suitable for titrating large numbers of sera easily and relatively inexpensively. Titers of heat-inactivated human sera were enhanced 0.5 to 3.5 log2 by addition of fresh hamster or human serum to the test. Seroconversion rates and identification of seronegative persons were not changed by fresh serum enhancement, but the magnitude of seroconversion was often increased and the distribution of positive titers was broadened. For influenza A and B, seroconversion rates in the microneutralization test were equivalent to those obtained in rhesus monkey kidney tube neutralization tests. For influenza B, seroconversion rates by micro-neutralization were almost double those obtained with the hemagglutination inhibition test, but the rates were similar for influenza A/USSR (H1N1). Preexisting microneutralization titers correlated well with resistance of infection with influenza B. Limited experience with parainfluenza 1 and 2 was similar to previously reported findings with the tube neutralization test.
The mechanics of the semicircular canal

When Steinhausen (1931) discovered that the cupula terminalis in the semicircular canal reaches the top of the ampulla, fitting hermetically in it, and when he moreover observed that a deviation of the cupula, caused by an endolymph flow, gradually decreases because of the directional force of the cupula, the theory of the semicircular canal underwent a significant change. Up till then there was held to be a narrow canal in which an endolymph-flow would soon be stopped by frictional damping. After a clinical turning test the endolymph would flow for about 0 5 sec. only, and then every part of the canal would be at rest. The prolonged after-sensations of 30 sec. or more could not be explained by the mechanical properties of the canal. They then had to be ascribed to a 'central origin', the only possible means of surmounting this difficulty (Mach, 1875; Gaede, 1922). Steinhausen gave the cupula its proper prominence. The endolymph after a sudden arrest of the turning chair will indeed flow on for about 05 sec. , but the cupula is forced to bend and after having attained its maximal deviation, without further external forces acting, it will try to recover its former position of zero deviation. This process may take from 1 to 60 sec. , depending on the rate of the angular velocity just before the sudden arrest. The prolonged aftersensations appear to have a very simple mechanical origin. As Steinhausen pointed out, the cupula-endolymph system has to be considered as a heavily damped torsion pendulum. It thus has a differential equation with solutions available in every handbook on mechanics. This statement, important as it may be, brings us no further if the constants of the equation for this case cannot be determined, but if they are known this equation ought to predict any conduct of the cupula found in practice. Steinhausen did not establish the values of the constants for his test animal, the pike. So he was unable to prove the hypothesis of the torsion pendulum with its consequences. We have determined these values for the human subject by means of experiments based on mechanical principles.
Spatial Correlation-Based Incremental Learning for Spatiotemporal Modeling of Battery Thermal Process

The thermal effect has a significant impact on the performance of a lithium-ion battery. Thus, modeling the thermal process, which always involves unknown boundary heat exchange, is significant to battery management. Two critical issues should be addressed for the thermal process modeling: 1) the nominal model, which is constructed offline, can be updated efficiently to compensate for any online disturbances; and 2) the influence of previous and recent spatiotemporal dynamics may be varying and should be handled properly. Bearing these in mind, in this paper, a spatial correlation-based incremental learning technique is designed for spatiotemporal modeling. First, the incremental learning technique is developed to update the dominant spatial basis functions of the nominal model, which is constructed by a time/space separation-based method. Then, a forgetting factor is incorporated into the incremental learning technique to handle time-varying dynamics. Additionally, the popular approximator, that is, the radial basis function neural network, is utilized to identify the low-dimensional temporal model. Simulations and experiments on a pouch type battery with boundary heat exchange have demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed modeling method.
The Effect of Remote Ischemic Postconditioning on Graft Function in Patients Undergoing Living Donor Kidney Transplantation

Background We evaluated whether remote ischemic postconditioning (RiPoC) could improve initial graft function in living donor kidney transplantation (KT). Methods Patients undergoing living donor KT were randomly assigned to either RiPoC (n=30) or control group (n=30). Immediately after reperfusion in the RiPoC group, three cycles of ischemia and reperfusion, lasting 5 min each, were performed on one upper limb. Renal function was assessed before surgery, 2 hr after surgery, and at 12-hr intervals for 96 hr postsurgery by measuring serum creatinine (sCr) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Urine output and urine creatinine were assessed until postoperative day 7, and hospital stay and complication rates were compared. Results The time for sCr to reach 50% of its preoperative level was significantly shorter in the RiPoC group than in the control group [12 (12–24) hr for RiPoC vs. 24 (21–36) hr for the control, P=0.005]. The number of patients whose sCr was reduced by 50% within 24 hr was significantly greater in the RiPoC group than in the control group [n=26 (87%) in RiPoC vs. n=18 (60%) in control, P=0.020]. However, there were no differences in sCr and eGFR thereafter, the incidence of graft dysfunction or complication rates between groups. Conclusion In this study, RiPoC appeared to hasten the recovery of graft function within 24 hr but did not affect the graft function thereafter. However, considering most recipients had immediate graft function, further studies with deceased donors or studies powered to detect a smaller difference are needed.
Cell Viability in Arthroscopic Versus Open Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

Background: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is an effective method of repair of articular cartilage defects. It is a 2-stage operation, with the second stage most commonly performed via mini-arthrotomy. Arthroscopic ACI is gaining popularity, as it is less invasive and may accelerate early rehabilitation. However, handling and manipulation of the implant have been shown to cause chondrocyte cell death. Purpose: To assess the number and viability of cells delivered via an open versus arthroscopic approach in ACI surgery. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen ACI surgeries were performed on young cadaveric knees by 2 experienced surgeons: 8 via mini-arthrotomy and 8 arthroscopically. Live and dead cells were stained and counted on implants after surgery. The cell number and viability were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Surgery was timed from knife to skin until the end of cycling the knee 10 times after implantation of the cell-membrane construct. Results: On receipt of cell membranes after transportation from the laboratory, ≥92% of the cells were viable. There were significantly more remaining cells (8.47E+07 arthroscopic vs 1.41E+08 open; P < .001) and 16 times more viable cells (3.62% arthroscopic vs 37.34% open; P < .001) on the implants when they were inserted via mini-open surgery compared with the arthroscopic technique. Open surgery was of a significantly shorter duration (6 vs 32 minutes; P < .001). Conclusion: In this study, there were significantly more viable cells on the implant when ACI was performed via mini-arthrotomy compared with an arthroscopic technique. Clinical Relevance: The viability of cells delivered for ACI via an arthroscopic approach was 16 times less than via an open approach. The mini-arthrotomy approach is recommended until long-term clinical comparative data are available.
Entropic Elasticity of DNA with a Permanent Kink

Many proteins interact with and deform double-stranded DNA in cells. Single-molecule experiments have studied the elasticity of DNA with helix-deforming proteins, including proteins that bend DNA. These experiments increase the need for theories of DNA elasticity which include helix-deforming proteins. Previous theoretical work on bent DNA has examined a long DNA molecule with many nonspecifically binding proteins. However, recent experiments used relatively short DNA molecules with a single, well-defined bend site. Here we develop a simple, theoretical description of the effect of a single bend. We then include the description of the bend in the finite wormlike chain model (FWLC) of short DNA molecules attached to beads. We predict how the DNA force-extension relation changes due to formation of a single permanent kink, at all values of the applied stretching force. Our predictions suggest that high-resolution single-molecule experiments could determine the bend angle induced upon protein binding.
Tacaribe arenavirus RNA synthesis in vitro is primer dependent and suggests an unusual model for the initiation of genome replication

A Tacaribe virus in vitro system for RNA synthesis was established and found in large part to faithfully reproduce RNA synthesis in vivo. Similar to influenza virus and bunyavirus in vitro systems, this system was also highly dependent on added oligonucleotides. Of the eight tested, only three were active, in the order GpC greater than CpG greater than ApApC. Determination of the 5' ends of the transcripts suggested that the oligonucleotides were acting as primers. In particular, whereas stimulation with CpG (complementary to positions +1 and +2 of the template) led to RNAs whose 5' ends were at position +1 as expected, GpC stimulation led to transcripts whose 5' ends were at position -1 rather than at position +2, as GpC is complementary to positions +2 and +3 of the template. This finding suggests a model for the initiation of genome replication in which pppGpC is first made on the template at positions +2 and +3 but slips backwards on the template so that the 5' end is at position -1 before elongation can continue.
The mediate effect of learning and knowledge on organizational performance

Purpose – This paper seeks to propose a conceptual structural equation model to investigate the relationships among human resource management (HRM), organizational learning (OL), knowledge management capability (KMC) and organizational performance (OP) and to demonstrate the direct and indirect effect of HRM on OP from the perspectives of KMC and OL.Design/methodology/approach – An empirical study is conducted in financial training centers in Taiwan and the collected survey data are used to test the relationships among the four dimensions expressed in the proposed structural equation model.Findings – The results show that HRM has a direct and significant impact on OL and KMC. HRM influences OP indirectly through OL and KMC. In addition, OL and KMC have direct and significant influences on OP.Research limitations/implications – Only data from Taiwan were collected. Therefore, the results may not be easily generalized to other areas or countries, but are useful for managers' reference, especially for those .
Proteomic analysis of urine from male dogs during early stages of tubulointerstitial injury in a canine model of progressive glomerular disease.

BACKGROUND Sensitive and specific noninvasive biomarkers for tubulointerstitial injury are lacking, and proteomic techniques provide a powerful tool for biomarker discovery. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify novel urinary biomarkers of early tubulointerstitial injury in canine progressive renal disease using both 2-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE), which identifies individual proteins, and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF), which generates protein peak profiles. METHODS Urine was collected from 6 male dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN) at 2 time points (TP): 1) the onset of overt proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio>2) and 2) the onset of azotemia (creatinine ≥ 1.2 mg/dL); corresponding renal biopsies were analyzed from 3 of the dogs. Urine samples from the 6 dogs were subjected to analysis by 2-D DIGE and SELDI-TOF. Urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP) was evaluated in 25 male dogs with XLHN and normal control dogs by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Clinical data and histologic evaluation revealed reduced renal function and increased tubulointerstitial fibrosis at TP 2. A number of urine proteins and protein peaks were differentially present at the 2 time points, with several known biomarkers of renal disease identified in addition to several promising new biomarkers. RBP was first detected in urine approximately 2 months before onset of azotemia (TP 2), but after onset of overt proteinuria, and amounts increased with progression of disease. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic techniques were successfully used to identify urinary biomarkers of renal disease in dogs with XLHN. Urinary RBP is a promising biomarker for early detection of tubulointerstitial damage and progression to end-stage renal disease.
Back Injury Prevention Interventions in the Workplace

The purpose of this integrative review is to describe the state of knowledge about the effect of worksite back injury prevention programs on selected study outcomes. Fifteen experimental and quasi-experimental studies published between 1987 and 1994 were identified through a comprehensive literature search. The research studies were reviewed and analyzed using a data collection abstracting tool. Four types of back injury prevention intervention programs were identified: back belts, back schools, exercise/flexibility training, and educational classes. Positive program outcomes were reported for all four program types; however, the back school and the exercise/flexibility training programs were studied more frequently and demonstrated a greater proportion of positive results than the other two program types. Conclusions should be viewed cautiously due to the small number of studies reviewed and their methodological limitations. Implications for occupational health nursing practice and future research related to worksite back injury prevention are offered.
A Flat-Lensed Spiral Phase Plate Based on Phase-Shifting Surface for Generation of Millimeter-Wave OAM Beam

A multilayer phase-shifting-surface-based flat plate is designed to offer a combination of lens and spiral phase plate (SPP) for orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam generation and convergence at 60 GHz. The proposed design consists of a series of phase-shift unit cells to control the emergent phase and form a flat lens for the purpose of beam focusing. The results of simulation and experiment verify that the OAM beam with small divergence angle can be achieved.
Systematic Changes of the Nb-Sn Reaction With Time, Temperature, and Alloying in Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP)  ${\hbox {Nb}}_{3}{\hbox {Sn}}$ Strands

Reaction heat treatments spanning 605 to 750degC and 24 to ~400 hours were applied to several sets of RRP strands. Magnetization and transport measurements were used to track the changes of superconducting properties and the amounts of Nb3Sn formed. The experiments showed that temperature increases of 15degC produced equivalent properties in half the time within the temperature range 620-680degC. This result was the same whether Ta or Ti was used to alloy the Nb3Sn. The bulk pinning force Fp for Ta-alloyed wires displayed a significant drop for temperatures outside the range above, due to tin gradients at low temperatures and grain growth at high temperatures. The Fp drop at high reaction temperatures prevents wire technology from taking advantage of the significantly higher Kramer-plot intercept H K for high-temperature reactions. On the other hand, Ti alloying provides a quick and potent means to increase H K at reaction temperatures for which Fp remains high.
Reply to comment by S. Crampin on ‘Global anisotropic phase velocity maps for higher mode Love and Rayleigh waves’

We thank Stuart Crampin for his interest in our recent paper but respectfully disagree when he argues that our measurements are not appropriate for inferring mantle anisotropy. The approximations we made are common and perfectly acceptable for the considered frequency band. The comment ignores a large part of the literature which investigated this. We will discuss the validity of our approximations in the measuring process and the interpretation based on published arguments as well as additional tests based on numerical modelling using the spectral element method and a fully 3-D anisotropic Earth model. © Journal compilation © 2009 RAS.
TGF-β Antibody Uptake in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma Imaged with 89Zr-Fresolimumab PET

Transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling is involved in glioma development. The monoclonal antibody fresolimumab (GC1008) can neutralize all mammalian isoforms of TGF-β, and tumor uptake can be visualized and quantified with 89Zr-fresolimumab PET in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the fresolimumab uptake in recurrent high-grade gliomas using 89Zr-fresolimumab PET and to assess treatment outcome in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma treated with fresolimumab. Methods: Patients with recurrent glioma were eligible. After intravenous administration of 37 MBq (5 mg) of 89Zr-fresolimumab, PET scans were acquired on day 2 or day 4 after tracer injection. Thereafter, patients were treated with 5 mg of fresolimumab per kilogram intravenously every 3 wk. 89Zr-fresolimumab tumor uptake was quantified as maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). MR imaging for response evaluation was performed after 3 infusions or as clinically indicated. Results: Twelve patients with recurrent high-grade glioma were included: 10 glioblastomas, 1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and 1 anaplastic astrocytoma. All patients underwent 89Zr-fresolimumab PET 4 d after injection. In 4 patients, an additional PET scan was obtained on day 2 after injection. SUVmax on day 4 in tumor lesions was 4.6 (range, 1.5–13.9) versus a median SUVmean of 0.3 (range, 0.2–0.5) in normal brain tissue. All patients showed clinical or radiologic progression after 1–3 infusions of fresolimumab. Median progression-free survival was 61 d (range, 25–80 d), and median overall survival was 106 d (range, 37–417 d). Conclusion: 89Zr-fresolimumab penetrated recurrent high-grade gliomas very well but did not result in clinical benefit.
Frequent inactivation of the p16 gene in human pituitary tumors by gene methylation

Rodent models of pituitary tumorigenesis have implicated the retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway in the development of pituitary tumors. Previously, we reported that loss of p16 expression rather than loss of Rb occurs in most human pituitary adenomas. This alteration in these tumors is not associated with p16 mutation or frequent homozygous p16 gene loss. Our laboratory has now demonstrated that in most human pituitary tumors, the 5′ CpG island of the p16 gene is extensively methylated. The high frequency of p16 gene methylation in human pituitary tumors suggests that this alteration is an early and perhaps required event in pituitary cell transformation. Mol. Carcinog. 19:221–224, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of outgassing, tear strength, and detail reproduction in alginate substitute materials.

OBJECTIVE To compare three alginate substitute materials to an alginate impression material for cast surface porosity (outgassing), tear strength, and detail reproduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detail reproduction tests were performed following American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) Specification No. 19. To measure tear strength, 12 samples of each material were made using a split mold, placed in a water bath until testing, and loaded in tension until failure at a rate of 500 mm/min using a universal testing machine. For cast surface porosity testing, five impressions of a Teflon mold with each material were placed in a water bath (37.8°C) for the in-mouth setting time and poured with vacuum-mixed Silky Rock die stone at 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes from the start of mixing. The gypsum samples were analyzed with a digital microscope for surface porosity indicative of hydrogen gas release by comparing the surface obtained at each interval with four casts representing no, little, some, and significant porosity. Data analysis was performed using parametric and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey/Kramer post-hoc tests (α=0.05), and individual Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.0167). RESULTS All alginate substitute materials passed the detail reproduction test. Tear strength of the alginate substitute materials was significantly better than alginate and formed three statistically different groups: AlgiNot had the lowest tear strength, Algin-X Ultra had the highest tear strength, and Position Penta Quick had intermediate tear strength. Significant variation in outgassing existed between materials and pouring times (p<0.05). All alginate substitute materials exhibited the least outgassing and cast porosity 60 minutes after mixing. CONCLUSIONS Detail reproduction and tear strength of alginate substitute materials were superior to traditional alginate. The outgassing effect was minimal for most materials tested. Alginate substitute materials are superior replacements for irreversible hydrocolloid.