Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenicity of Chloral Hydrate Administered in Drinking Water to the Male F344/N Rat and Male B6C3F1 Mouse

Male B6C3F1 mice and male F344/N rats were exposed to chloral hydrate (chloral) in the drinking water for 2 years. Rats: Measured chloral hydrate drinking water concentrations for the study were 0.12 g/L, 0.58 g/L, and 2.51 g/L chloral hydrate that yielded time-weighted mean daily doses (MDDs) of 7.4, 37.4, and 162.6 mg/kg per day. Water consumptions, survival, body weights, and organ weights were not altered in any of the chloral hydrate treatments. Life-time exposures to chloral hydrate failed to increase the prevalence (percentage of animals with a tumor) or the multiplicity (tumors/animal) of hepatocellular neoplasia. Chloral hydrate did not increase the prevalence of neoplasia at any other organ site. Mice: Measured chloral hydrate drinking water concentrations for the study were 0.12 g/L, 0.58 g/L, and 1.28 g/L that gave MDDs of 13.5, 65.0, and 146.6 mg/kg per day. Water consumptions, survival, body and organ weights, were not altered from the control values by any of the chloral hydrate treatments. Enhanced neoplasia was observed only in the liver. Prevalence and multiplicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) were increased only for the high-dose group (84.4%; 0.72 HC/animal; p ≤ 0.05). Values of 54.3%; 0.72 HC/animal and 59%; 1.03 HC/animal were observed for the 13.5- and 65.0-mg/ kg per day treatment groups. Prevalence and multiplicity for the control group were 54.8%; 0.74 HC/animal. Hepatoadenoma (HA) prevalence and multiplicity were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) at all chloral hydrate concentrations: 43.5%; 0.65 HA/animal, 51.3%; 0.95 HA/animal and 50%; 0.72 HA/animal at 13.5, 65.0, and 146.6 mg/kg per day chloral hydrate compared to 21.4%; 0.21 HA/animal in the untreated group. Altered foci of cells were evident in all doses tested in the mouse, but no significant differences were observed over the control values. Hepatocellular necrosis was minimal and did not exceed that seen in untreated rats and mice. Chloral hydrate exposure did not alter serum chemistry and hepatocyte proliferation in rats and mice or increase hepatic palmitoyl CoA oxidase in mice at any of the time periods monitored. It was concluded that chloral hydrate was carcinogenic (hepatocellular neoplasia) in the male mouse, but not in the rat, following a lifetime exposure in the drinking water. Based upon the increased HA and combined tumors at all chloral hydrate doses tested, a no observed adverse effect level was not determined.
Performance comparisons of greedy algorithms in compressed sensing

Compressed sensing has motivated the development of numerous sparse approximation algorithms designed to return a solution to an underdetermined system of linear equations where the solution has the fewest number of nonzeros possible, referred to as the sparsest solution. In the compressed sensing setting, greedy sparse approximation algorithms have been observed to be both able to recover the sparsest solution for similar problem sizes as other algorithms and to be computationally efficient; however, little theory is known for their average case behavior. We conduct a large‐scale empirical investigation into the behavior of three of the state of the art greedy algorithms: Normalized Iterative Hard Thresholding (NIHT), Hard Thresholding Pursuit (HTP), and CSMPSP. The investigation considers a variety of random classes of linear systems. The regions of the problem size in which each algorithm is able to reliably recover the sparsest solution is accurately determined, and throughout this region, additional performance characteristics are presented. Contrasting the recovery regions and the average computational time for each algorithm, we present algorithm selection maps, which indicate, for each problem size, which algorithm is able to reliably recover the sparsest vector in the least amount of time. Although no algorithm is observed to be uniformly superior, NIHT is observed to have an advantageous balance of large recovery region, absolute recovery time, and robustness of these properties to additive noise across a variety of problem classes. A principle difference between the NIHT and the more sophisticated HTP and CSMPSP is the balance of asymptotic convergence rate against computational cost prior to potential support set updates. The data suggest that NIHT is typically faster than HTP and CSMPSP because of greater flexibility in updating the support that limits unnecessary computation on incorrect support sets. The algorithm selection maps presented here are the first of their kind for compressed sensing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Let's meet offline: A mixed-methods approach exploring new trends in social networking

The purpose of this paper is to explore new trends in social networking such as social tourism and determine motivations resulting in visiting others when traveling. A research model is created based on mixed-methods research approach to identify motivations that influence use and factors that result in the willingness to meet others through the social networking tourism (SNT) site. ,The current research implements a mixed-methods approach using qualitative data from a questionnaire to identify motivations that were implemented in a theoretical model tested empirically using survey data. The qualitative study consisted of 11 social tourism users followed by a quantitative study using a survey that was administered to 793 social tourism users. ,The results of the qualitative study identified networking, curiosity, understanding, and economic benefits as motivations for using social tourism sites. Based on validity and reliability testing, the final research model included only the motivations for networking and economic benefits. The survey results showed that trust, attitude, and use were significant antecedents to the dependent variable willingness to meet with networking and economic benefits as antecedents to attitude and use. ,This is an exploratory study so there are several limitations. First, while two motivations were ultimately identified, it is possible that other motivations should be explored. Trust is also a limitation in the current research that identifies trust as an antecedent to the willingness construct without researching factors that influence trust. Further research should be conducted to expand on the current research. ,While there has been significant research conducted in the area of social networking, niche areas and special purpose social networks remain unexplored. The current research explores the niche area of SNT to develop a model identifying motivations for use and also creates a new construct identified as behavioral willingness to perform an action when risk is involved. Willingness to meet others through the site and its antecedents were evaluated in the current research.
Risk Factors for Developing Seizures After a Stroke

Summary: We evaluated development of seizures in 219 consecutive patients who had ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Subjects with transitory ischemic attacks, sub‐arachnoid, subdural, and epidural hemorrhages or those with previous history of epilepsy were excluded. Mean follow‐up time was 11.5 months (range 1–72 months). Twenty‐two of 219 stroke patients (10.04%) had seizures. Twelve (54.55%) were of early onset (<1 month after the stroke), and 10 (45.45%) were of late onset. No statistically significant differences were evident between the early‐ and late‐onset seizure group in comparisons of type of stroke, localization, and size of the lesion. Six of 22 patients (27%) had seizure recurrence. Seizures developed in (a) 13 of 183 patients with ischemic stroke (7.1%) and 9 of 36 patients with hemorrhagic stroke (25%) (p = 0.01); (b) 16 of 93 patients with cortical lesions (17%) and 6 of 126 patients with subcortical lesions (4.7%) (p = 0.01); and (c) 14 of 66 patients with a lesion comprising more than one lobe (21.2%) and 8 of 153 patients with a lesion comprising less than one lobe (5.2%) (p < 0.01). We conclude that patients with hemorrhagic stroke, cortical lesions, and lesions involving more than one lobe are at higher risk of developing seizures.
Perceived acceptance and work standards as predictors of work attitudes and behavior and employee psychological distress following an internal business merger

Purpose – This study aims to test the relationship between two measures of sociocultural adjustment (perceived acceptance and work standard) with work attitudes and behavior and with psychological distress following an internal merger of two previously distinct working groups within the one business.Design/methodology/approach – A field study, using a cross‐sectional design, was used to assess the reactions of 250 employees (host employees=170; relocated employees=80) who had undergone an internal merger within a communications company.Findings – Perceived acceptance and work standards following the merger were significantly related to work attitudes and behavior for both the host and the relocated employees. There was no direct relationship between perceived acceptance and work standards with psychological distress. However, work attitudes and behavior were found to mediate the indirect effect of perceived acceptance and work standards on psychological distress.Research limitations/implications – The fin.
Noise-Shaping Gain-Filtering Techniques for Integrated Receivers

In this paper, a new technique for realizing area-efficient, low-noise filters is introduced. The proposed filter topologies utilize noise shaping techniques to shift the noise of the passive and active filter components out of the passband of the filter. This is illustrated by implementing a programmable noise-shaped post-mixer gain-filtering circuit for a CMOS Mobile-TV tuner. The proposed circuits relax the noise-linearity tradeoff in the receiver chain by providing blocker rejection following the mixer outputs. The filter provides an in-band input referred noise density as low as 7.5 nV/sqrt(Hz). The measured out-of-band IIP3 values are 30 dBV and 31.5 dBV for the 3.8-MHz (DVB-H) and 750-kHz (ISDB-T) modes, respectively. Total current consumption is 5.5 mA from a 1.2-V supply. The gain of the block is programmable to be 0 dB, 8&nbsp;dB, 14 dB, or 20 dB. The design occupies a die area of 0.28 mm2 in a 65-nm CMOS process covering a frequency band of 700 kHz to 5.2 MHz as a universal mobile-TV integrated baseband gain-filtering solution.
The Impact of Neighbourhood Characteristics and Support on Well-being, Housing Satisfaction, and Residential Stability for People with a Mental Illness.

The global burden of disease attributable to mental illness is high, and as a result people with serious mental illness are at greater risk of indicators of social exclusion, such as poverty, homelessness and social isolation. Since deinstitutionalisation began in the 1960s, a variety of housing and support models have been used for this group. „Housing first‟ models are proving superior to „continuum of care‟ models in achieving positive housing outcomes and improving indicators of social exclusion. Housing first programmes are also believed to be more effective as they offer consumers choice, are not contingent on treatment, and are, therefore, empowering and philosophically compatible with harm reduction and recovery approaches. The physical and social environments have also been found to influence housing satisfaction and well-being outcomes for this group, but are often poorly measured or inadequately defined in the few studies which have been conducted. As little recent New Zealand research has examined housing, support and environmental effects for people with serious mental illness, this twelve-month prospective cohort study provides a more current account of the experiences of this group. Thirty six participants were recruited from a group of people with serious mental illness referred to the Comcare Housing Service for assistance to obtain independent, community-based housing. An examination of the variables influencing housing and overall well-being ratings was conducted. Peace and Kell‟s (2001) sustainability framework, outlining four categories of resources required for this group to maintain housing, was also evaluated. The results demonstrate the success of housing support in improving outcomes for people with serious mental illness, particularly in terms of improved housing quality and satisfaction, and residential stability. They also provide further evidence that this group have high rates of homelessness and are frequently in situations where they are at risk of homelessness. The physical environment appeared to have little influence on housing satisfaction or other wellbeing measures, however, the social environment seemed to play a role in higher ratings on these outcomes. Participants rehoused by Comcare Housing reported higher housing
Lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-17.

PURPOSE In 1993, findings from a National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial to evaluate the worth of radiation therapy after lumpectomy concluded that the combination was more beneficial than lumpectomy alone for localized intraductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS). This report extends those findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women (N = 818) with localized DCIS were randomly assigned to lumpectomy or lumpectomy plus radiation (50 Gy). Tissue was removed so that resected specimen margins were histologically tumor-free. Mean follow-up time was 90 months (range, 67 to 130). Size and method of tumor detection were determined by central clinical, mammographic, and pathologic assessment. Life-table estimates of event-free survival and survival, average annual rates of occurrence for specific events, relative risks for event-specific end points, and cumulative probability of specific events comprising event-free survival are presented. RESULTS The benefit of lumpectomy plus radiation was virtually unchanged between 5 and 8 years of follow-up and was due to a reduction in invasive and noninvasive ipsilateral breast tumors (IBTs). Incidence of locoregional and distant events remained similar in both treatment groups; deaths were only infrequently related to breast cancer. Incidence of noninvasive IBT was reduced from 13.4% to 8.2% (P = .007), and of invasive IBT, from 13.4% to 3.9% (P < .0001). All cohorts benefited from radiation regardless of clinical or mammographic tumor characteristics. CONCLUSION Through 8 years of follow-up, our findings continue to indicate that lumpectomy plus radiation is more beneficial than lumpectomy alone for women with localized, mammographically detected DCIS. When evaluated according to the mammographic characteristics of their DCIS, all groups benefited from radiation.
The Impact of Business Environment on the Survival of Small Scale Businesses in Nigeria

In this digital age, information is the popular currency while knowledge is the preferred coin essential in getting the best deal. Nowhere is more real than today business environment which affect the success or otherwise of any business venture. Several authors have attributed failure of businesses particularly small and medium scale enterprises to various factors ranging from training of the entrepreneur to exposure and experience while some analysts opined that business environment could impact on small and medium scale enterprises. Hence, using the logistic regression technique to analyze primary data obtained through a structured questionnaire administered to Eighty small scale businessmen and women operators in Ijebu North Local Government area, (Ogun State) South-West Nigeria, this study seeks to ascertain the nature of the relationship between business environment and the survival of small and medium scale businesses in Nigeria. The obtained result revealed that the model of logistic regression was able to predict the distribution of 72.15% of the observed values of the dependent variable as factors such inflationary trend; infrastructural facilities accessibility and government policy serve as barriers to business growth and survival. Hence, it is recommended that small business operators must developed and adopt scientific and rational business management strategies that will aid and increase their understanding of both their business and its environment in order to facilitate planning and predictions on the most significant factors that affects business survival.
Evidence for free radical generation due to NADH oxidation by aldehyde oxidase during ethanol metabolism.

Several studies associate ethanol hepatic toxicity to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Ethanol metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) originates acetaldehyde and NADH, with the subsequent increase of the NADH/NAD+ ratio. Some authors have suggested that the oxidation of acetaldehyde by aldehyde oxidase (AO) may be responsible for oxyradical generation during ethanol metabolism. In this study we demonstrated that AO acts not only upon acetaldehyde but also upon NADH, with superoxide anion radical (O2.-) formation. The apparent Km of NADH for AO was approximately 28 microM, a much smaller value than the one reported for acetaldehyde (1 mM). The NADH oxidation by AO promoted the O2. - generation and the ADP-Fe(3+)-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation in a NADH and AO concentration-dependent manner. If in these experiments NADH is substituted by ethanol, NAD+, and ADH, a higher level of lipid peroxidation will be obtained. To explain this observation a vicious cycle which increases the oxyradical production is suggested: ADH reduces NAD+ to NADH, which is oxidized by AO, generating reactive oxidative species plus NAD+ available again for reduction by ADH. From the studies which were done in the presence of some antioxidants it was observed that the addition of SOD and/or catalase did not inhibit lipid peroxidation, but these results do not exclude the participation of reactive oxygen species. Our studies indicate that the NADH oxidation by AO may play a role in ethanol-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, contributing to its hepatotoxicity.
Cloning and Sequencing of a Plasmid-Borne Gene ( opd ) Encoding a

Plasmid pCMS1 was isolated from Pseudomonas diminuta MG, a strain which constitutively hydrolyzes a broad spectrum of organophosphorus compounds. The native plasmid was restricted with PstI, and individual DNA fragments were subcloned into pBR322. A recombinant plasmid transformed into Escherichia coli possessed weak hydrolytic activity, and Southern blotting with the native plasmid DNA verified that the DNA sequence originated from pCMS1. When the cloned 1.3-kilobase fragment was placed behind the lacZ' promoter of M13mplO and retransformed into E. coli, clear-plaque isolates with correctly sized inserts exhibited isopropyl-,-D-thiogalactopyranoside-inducible whole-cell activity. Sequence determination of the M13 constructions identified an open reading frame of 975 bases preceded by a putative ribosome-binding site appropriately positioned upstream of the first ATG codon in the open reading frame. An intragenic fusion of the opd gene with the lacZ gene produced a hybrid polypeptide which was purified by ,-galactosidase immunoaffinity chromatography and used to confirm the open reading frame of opd. The gene product, an organophosphorus phosphotriesterase, would have a molecular weight of 35,418 if the presumed start site is correct. Eighty to ninety percent of the enzymatic activity was associated with the pseudomonad membrane fractions. When dissociated by treatment with 0.1% Triton and 1 M NaCl, the enzymatic activity was associated with a molecular weight of approximately 65,000, suggesting that the active enzyme was dimeric.
A Study on the Perception of Users of the Accounting and Tax Modules of an Erp System for the Brazilian Freight and Passenger Road Transport Sector 1

The aim o f this research was to identify and describe the users' perception of the accounting and tax modules of an ERP system developed for the Brazilian freight and passenger road transport sector. The perception was evaluated concerning the implementation impacts and the use of the ERP System. It was an empirical research, of the descriptive type, preceded by a bibliographic review, to identify and analyse relevant aspects of the reality lived by the users of the studied system-object. The field survey was made through a two-part questionnaire, the first one to identify and describe the profile of the users, and the second one containing 30 assertions related to the system use. The respondents were 37 users of the accounting and tax modules employed in companies clients of the software house that developed the system. The descriptive analysis made it possible to identify the users' profiles, the main use features of the systems and some aspects important to the users. The cluster analysis allowed to identify three groups of users (optimists, realists and pessimists), and the second cluster showed the highest number of users. The results identified aspects to be improved for future enhancement of the system versions.
Verifiable and Exculpable Outsourced Attribute-Based Encryption for Access Control in Cloud Computing

We propose two ciphertext-policy attribute-based key encapsulation mechanism (CP-AB-KEM) schemes that for the first time achieve both outsourced encryption and outsourced decryption in two system storage models and give corresponding security analysis. In our schemes, heavy computations are outsourced to Encryption Service Providers (ESPs) or Decryption Service Providers (DSPs), leaving only one modular exponentiation computation for the sender or the receiver. Moreover, we propose a general verification mechanism for a wide class of ciphertext-policy (cf. key-policy) AB-KEM schemes, which can check the correctness of the outsourced encryption and decryption efficiently. Concretely, we introduce a stronger version of verifiability (cf. [1] ) and a new security notion for outsourced decryption called exculpability, which guarantees that a user cannot accuse DSP of returning incorrect results while it is not the case. With all these mechanisms, any dispute between a user and an outsource computation service provider can be easily resolved, furthermore, a service provider will be less motivated to give out wrong results. Finally, we implement our schemes in Charm [2] , and the results indicate that the proposed schemes/mechanisms are efficient and practical.