Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of dynamic programming for the analytical solution of input-constrained LQR problems

This paper addresses the input-constrained LQR problem, i.e., the problem of finding the optimal control law for a linear system such that a quadratic cost functional over a horizon of length N is minimised subject to the satisfaction of input constraints. A global solution (i.e., valid in the entire state space) for this problem, and for arbitrary horizon TV, is derived analytically by using dynamic programming. The scalar input case is considered in this paper. Solutions to this problem (and to more general problems: state constraints, multiple inputs) have been reported recently in the literature; for example, approaches that use the geometric structure of the underlying quadratic programming problem and approaches that use multi-parametric quadratic programming properties. The solution by dynamic programming proposed in the present paper coincides with the ones obtained by the aforementioned approaches. However, being derived using a different approach that exploits the dynamic nature of the optimal control problem to obtain an analytical solution, the present result complements the previous methods and reveals additional insights into the intrinsic structure of the optimal solution.
Concurrency Extraction via Hardware Methods Executing the Static Instruction Stream

Hardware solutions to low-level (semantic) concurrency extraction are presented, focusing on the reduction of both control-flow and dataflow inhibitors of concurrency in general-purpose and scientific instruction streams. In the first model, CONDEL-1, an input code control flow model based on the code's branch domains is used in the algorithm to detect the reduced procedural dependencies in the input code. This model allows branches to execute concurrently. The cost and delay of the model's concurrency hardware are demonstrated to be relatively low, especially for the detection of concurrency beyond branches. The reduced procedural dependence techniques of CONDEL-1 are combined with high-speed reduced data dependency techniques to yield a machine model, CONDEL-2, executing standard sequential code in a manner beyond data-flow. Simulation results are presented and analyzed, showing the model's functionality and performance improvement. The beneficial effects of limited software optimizations are also reviewed. >
Anisakis simplex, a relevant etiologic factor in acute urticaria

Del Pozo MD, Audícana M, Diez JM, Muñoz D, Ansotegui IJ, Fernández E, García M, Etxenagusia M, Moneo I, Fernández de Corres L. Anisakis simplex, a relevant etiologic factor in acute urticaria.
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the overexpression of protumorigenic interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity within the tumor tissue is a result of decreased expression of the specific antagonist or inhibitor (ie, IL-1 receptor antagonist) by the tumor cells. Ultimately, this local overexpression of IL-1 activity increases tumor growth and metastasis. DESIGN To test our hypotheses, immunologic analysis for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist was performed on histologic sections and tumor homogenates of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Normal and tumor specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resections of the head and neck for benign and malignant disease. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist within tumor cells and inflammatory cells in the tumor stroma in 19 of 19 tumor specimens. Quantitatively, IL-1 alpha was present in 19 of 19 tumor specimens (1.97 +/- 0.46 ng/mg of total protein [mean +/- SD]) and 5 of 9 normal specimens (0.23 +/- 0.12 ng/mg of total protein). All specimens contained IL-1 beta in detectable quantities (1.60 +/- 0.29 ng/mg of total protein in tumor specimens and 0.189 +/- 0.04 ng/mg of total protein in normal specimens). All specimens contained IL-1 receptor antagonist (368.87 +/- 57.63 ng/mg of total protein in tumor specimens and 585.10 +/- 166.03 ng/mg of total protein in normal specimens). The mean total IL-1/IL-1 receptor antagonist ratio was 13.26 +/- 2.31 in patients with cancer compared with 0.997 +/- 0.26 in normal patients. CONCLUSIONS The increased IL-1 index in the cancer state compared with the normal state reflects an imbalance of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist, which may contribute to unrestricted growth and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Governing the Portfolio Management Process for Product Innovation—A Quantitative Analysis on the Relationship Between Portfolio Management Governance, Portfolio Innovativeness, and Firm Performance

Past strategy and innovation research has basically ignored potential effects of portfolio management governance issues on portfolio innovativeness, and thereby on innovation management results such as firm performance. Building on the dynamic capabilities view, we hypothesize that portfolio management governance enhances firm performance by enabling higher levels of portfolio innovativeness through market and technological aspects. Our findings support the relevance of considering portfolio management governance to explain higher innovation outcomes. In particular, we can show that formality and explicitness, information support, as well as partial review frequency have a strong impact on the innovativeness of the firm's product portfolio. Consequently, higher technological and market innovativeness drives firm performance. We derive implications for both managers and researchers.
Prototyping a Software Defined Utility

The smart grid can be seen as a hybrid system composed by many systems. From a large scale point of view, it combines the electric power system itself and a heterogeneous information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure. Additionally, these systems are composed by many building blocks that are designed and managed as separated systems which are hard to fully integrate between each other. Relying on the experiences arisen and the knowledge gathered from the partners during the development of the FP7 European projects INTEGRIS (intelligent electrical grid sensor communications) and FINESCE (future internet smart utility services), this paper presents the software defined utility (SDU) concept for the management of the smart grid and its security, which advocates for the migration of the utility infrastructure to software systems instead of relying on complex and rigid hardware based systems. Following this approach, SDU proposes the evolution of power systems’ ICT and the usage of programmable commodity hardware, low-cost sensors, and reliable high-speed IP-based communications underneath. More concretely, this paper proposes some building blocks for the deployment of the SDU (flexible data management infrastructure, context-aware security and web of things interface) and evaluates their functionalities and benefits for the smart grids of the future.
The Research of kNN Text Categorization Algorithm Based on Eager Learning

Text categorization is a fundamental methodology of text mining and it is also a hot topic of the research of data mining and web mining in recent years. It plays an important role in business, government decision-making management, scientific research, and so on. This paper presents an improved algorithm of text categorization which combines eager learning with kNN classification. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm not only improve the efficiency of categorization, but also significantly increase the accuracy of categorization and produce a qualitative leap on the practical value of the sensitive information system.
Breakdown resistance analysis of traction motor winding insulation under thermal ageing

Stator inter-turn faults are among the most important electric motor failures as they progress fast and lead to catastrophic motor breakdowns. Inter-turn faults are caused due to the windings' insulation degradation. The main stress which deteriorates the insulation is the thermal one. Proper understanding of how this stress influences the electrical properties of insulation over time may lead to reliable prognosis and estimation of the motor's remaining useful life. In transport applications where reliability and safety come first it is a critical issue. In this paper, extensive experimental testing and statistical analysis of thin film insulation for traction motor windings has been performed under fixed thermal stress. The results indicate that for high thermal stress the electrical properties of the insulation material present a non-monotonic behavior thus proving the well-known and established Arrhenius law inadequate for modelling this type of problems and estimating the remaining useful life of thin film insulation materials.
Effects of dynamic workstation Oxidesk on acceptance , physical activity , mental fitness and work performance

BACKGROUND: Working in an office environment is characterised by physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour. This behaviour contributes to several health risks in the long run. Dynamic workstations which allow people to combine desk activities with physical activity, may contribute to prevention of these health risks. OBJECTIVE: A dynamic workstation, called Oxidesk, was evaluated to determine the possible contribution to healthy behaviour and the impact on perceived work performance. METHODS: A field test was conducted with 22 office workers, employed at a health insurance company in the Netherlands. RESULTS: The Oxidesk was well accepted, positively perceived for fitness and the participants maintained their work performance. Physical activity was lower than the activity level required in the Dutch guidelines for sufficient physical
Autoregulation and non‐homeostatic behaviour of renal blood flow in conscious dogs.

1. Spontaneously occurring haemodynamic variations within 4 h affecting renal blood flow (RBF) were compared with externally induced short changes of renal artery pressure (RAP) in conscious resting dogs. 2. In all animals in which RAP was servo‐controlled (n = 6), perfect autoregulation of RBF was observed. 3. In all 4 h recordings of spontaneous renal blood flow (n = 9), certain combinations of blood pressure and blood flow occurred remarkably frequently as indicated by three‐dimensional frequency distributions. 4. Cluster analysis demonstrated significant differences between these areas of accumulation (P < 0.001). The average number of 'set points' per 4 h session was 3.1 +/‐ 0.3. 5. The shift from one set point to another is probably mediated by multiple control systems impinging on renal haemodynamics as suggested by 1/f fluctuations. 6. In seven dogs, an additional renal venous catheter allowed measurements of the arterial‐venous (A‐V) oxygen partial pressure (PO2) difference as an indicator of the renal metabolic demand. An inverse relationship between A‐V PO2 difference and RBF (Y = X(‐0.034) + 40.9, r = ‐0.9, P < 0.001) was found, indicating that the metabolic demands vary little (if at all) between the different set points. 7. The presented data suggest a modified view of renal homeostasis. There exist distinct combinations between RBF and RAP, which are very stable. Autoregulation merely buffers the fluctuations around these set points.
Possible involvement of proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase in the regulatory effect of fatty acids on melanogenesis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of fatty acid-induced regulation of melanogenesis. An apparent regulatory effect on melanogenesis was observed when cultured B16F10 melanoma cells were incubated with fatty acids, i.e., linoleic acid (unsaturated, C18:2) decreased melanin synthesis while palmitic acid (saturated, C16:0) increased it. However, mRNA levels of the melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2), were not altered. Regarding protein levels of these enzymes, the amount of tyrosinase was decreased by linoleic acid and increased by palmitic acid, whereas the amounts of TRP1 and TRP2 did not change after incubation with fatty acids. Pulse-chase assay by [35S]methionine metabolic labeling revealed that neither linoleic acid nor palmitic acid altered the synthesis of tyrosinase. Further, it was shown that linoleic acid accelerated, while palmitic acid decelerated, the proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase. These results suggest that modification of proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase is involved in regulatory effects of fatty acids on melanogenesis in cultured melanoma cells.
Sismicidad y peligrosidad sísmica en la Comunidad Autónoma Valenciana. Análisis de incertidumbres

La presente tesis realiza en primer lugar un exhaustivo analisis de los datos que sobre sismicidad existen en la comunidad autonoma valenciana (cav), donde analiza la homogeneidad, la completitud y los errores de los mismos. Mas adelante estudia la sismicidad desde el punto de vista de su localizacion y de la temporalidad de los mismos y a partir de relaciones magnitud- intensidad hace atribucion de magnitudes a terremotos historicos. El conjunto de los datos se situa, en el capitulo 5, en su marco sismotectonico. A continuacion se utilizan varias metodologias (metodos deterministicos zonificados o no, probabilisticos zonificados o no, modelos espaciales y de recurrencia, de atenuacion, etc.) para la evaluacion de la peligrosidad sismica en la cav y en particular en alguna de sus principales ciudades. Igualmente se analizan las intertidumbres que tienen cada uno de los metodos utilizados. Los resultados se presentan en el capitulo 7 y en las conclusiones. Hay dos anexos con mapas de intensidad segun los distintos modelos utilizados y con los catalogos (segun distintos metodos de analisis), comenzando con el catalogo general, que ha sido completado a partir de las diferentes fuentes existentes.
More Informative Abstracts Revisited *

Following proposals in 1987 and 1988, several medical journals have provided more informative abstracts (“structured abstracts”) for articles of clinical interest. Structured abstracts for original studies require authors to systematically disclose the objective, basic research design, clinical setting, participants, interventions (if any), main outcome measurements, results, and conclusions; and for literature reviews the objective, data sources, methods of study selection, data extraction and synthesis, and conclusions. More informative abstracts of this kind can facilitate peer review before publication, assist clinical readers to find articles that are both scientifically sound and applicable to their practices, and allow more precise computerized literature searches. We review the feasibility, acceptability, and dissemination of structured abstracts, reassess the underlying strategy, and describe modifications of the approach. This innovation can aid communication from scientists to clinicians, and other clinical journals are invited to join this effort.
Localization of host immunoglobulin G to the surface of Pneumocystis carinii

In immunoblotting studies of Pneumocystis carinii surface proteins, we found that a secondary antibody, anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG), recognized a 52-kilodalton (kDa) band in homogenates of P. carinii purified from human autopsy lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, even when serum as a source of primary antibody was omitted. The electrophoretic mobility of the 52-kDa band is identical to that of IgG heavy chains. In addition to affinity-purified, anti-human IgG, monoclonal antibodies specific for the Fab and Fc regions of human IgG recognized the 52-kDa band. To determine whether the 52-kDa band represents IgG bound to the surface of P. carinii, we treated intact organisms with Triton X-100 and acid in order to elute immunoglobulin from the surface of P. carinii. After purification over a protein G column, the eluate comigrated with human IgG, was recognized by anti-IgG, and bound to discrete bands with molecular sizes of 65 to 70, 60, 50, and 35 kDa in purified, rat-derived P. carinii. To confirm the presence of human IgG on the surface of P. carinii, we performed immunocytochemical and immunoelectron microscopic studies. Staining of intact P. carinii aggregates by anti-human IgG was pronounced and was abolished by acid treatment. IgA was also present. Ultrastructural studies showed the presence of IgG on the cyst wall and on fine membranous structures and vesicles adjacent to cysts. We conclude that the surface of P. carinii is coated with human IgG. The close association of human IgG with P. carinii may have implications for the pathogenesis of P. carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Examining Fourth Generation Evaluation

The utility of Guba and Lincoln's (1989) Fourth Generation Evaluation (FGE) method has been a source of debate in the field of evaluation (e.g. Adelman, 1996; Greene, 1996; Laughlin and Broadbent, 1996). The majority of these debates tend to focus on hypothetical implementation issues. Few, if any, have attempted to examine FGE through direct application of the method to an actual evaluand of interest. The purpose of the present article is to examine the utility of incorporating the FGE methodology as one of the first steps in a community–university collaboration regarding youth. The strengths and limitations of the FGE methodology will be highlighted through a discussion of its application. Revealed strengths of FGE include the involvement of multiple stakeholder groups, exposure to multiple perspectives, and fostering early support for later programmatic developments. Limitations include difficulties in defining stakeholders, and providing evidence of education and empowerment. The information gained from this application has practical implications for others seeking to employ the FGE methodology.
Structure of a secreted aspartic protease from C. albicans complexed with a potent inhibitor: Implications for the design of antifungal agents

The three‐dimensional structure of a secreted aspartic protease from Candida albicans complexed with a potent inhibitor reveals variations on the classical aspartic protease theme that dramatically alter the specificity of this class of enzymes. The structure presents: (1) an 8‐residue insertion near the first disulfide (Cys 45‐Cys 50, pepsin numbering) that results in a broad flap extending toward the active site; (2) a 7‐residue deletion replacing helix hN2 (Ser 110‐Tyr 114), which enlarges the S3 pocket; (3) a short polar connection between the two rigid body domains that alters their relative orientation and provides certain specificity; and (4) an ordered 11‐residue addition at the carboxy terminus. The inhibitor binds in an extended conformation and presents a branched structure at the P3 position. The implications of these findings for the design of potent antifungal agents are discussed.
Clock Photoreceptor Shared By Plants and Animals

CIRCADIAN RHYTHMSResearchers may have solved a mystery about the operation of the clocks that determine our daily rhythms. Despite much progress in pinning down the biochemical underpinnings of the clock mechanisms, the identity of the molecules that transmit the light signals that set those clocks has been unknown--until now, that is. Last week, a team reported in Science that a light-absorbing protein called cryptochrome is such a circadian photoreceptor in plants, while another paper in that same issue suggested that it might be one in mice as well ( Science , 20 November, pp. [1488][1] and [1490][2]). And this week, an article in Cell provides evidence that the protein plays a similar role in fruit flies. The results indicate that cryptochrome is not the only molecule that relays light signals to the circadian clocks in these species, and the data from mice are controversial. But just finding that cryptochrome plays a role in clocks from plants to mammals is quite a development, researchers say. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/282/5393/1488 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/282/5393/1490
Quantifiable excess of bone resorption in monoclonal gammopathy is an early symptom of malignancy: a prospective study of 87 bone biopsies.

To determine if excessive osteoclastic-mediated bone resorption (BR) is an early tumor-induced event in multiple myeloma (MM), BR was assessed at first presentation on quantitative bone biopsy in 87 individuals evaluated for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and reinterpreted according to the presenting features and subsequent follow-up evaluation. As a reference population, 48 patients with previously untreated overt MM were evaluated under similar conditions. The median level of BR was significantly higher in 48 overt MM versus 87 MGUS patients (12.2% v 5.1% [normal level, <6%], P <.01). Actually, 93% of overt MM patients had an excessive BR versus 45% of MGUS patients at presentation (P <.01) According to simple presenting parameters (> or <5% plasma cells within the bone marrow, presence or absence of mild anemia/neutropenia), 31 individuals were classified as low-risk MGUS, 32 high-risk MGUS, and 24 indolent MM. An excessive BR was observed in 16% of low-risk MGUS, 46% of high-risk MGUS (P <.01 v low-risk MGUS), 79% of indolent MM (P <.05 v high-risk MGUS), and 93% of overt MM patients. Of major interest, the level of BR in indolent MM (11.2%) was identical to that in overt MM (12.2%) but significantly higher than in both low-risk (4%, P <.01) and high-risk (5.6%, P <.01) MGUS. When considering the follow-up evaluation of MGUS patients, an excessive BR at presentation was observed in 52% of MGUS cases that turned out to be unstable or developed subsequent MM, but in only 4% of stable MGUS (P <.01). More precisely the level of BR of low-risk MGUS that either turned out to be unstable or that developed into MM was significantly higher at presentation than that of subsequent stable MGUS (4.4% v 2.9%, P <.05). The same difference was observed in both high-risk MGUS and indolent MM according to subsequent follow-up studies (8.1% v 3.4% and 11.7% v 6%, respectively, P <.05). Of major interest, the level of BR in 11 stable high-risk MGUS cases actually fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of smoldering MM was very low (3.4%) and similar to that in stable low-risk MGUS (2.9%). We conclude that a quantifiable excess of BR in MGUS is significantly associated with progression and thus is an early symptom of malignancy in these individuals.
Identification of proteins involved in excess boron stress in roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.) and role of niacin in the protein profiles

Plants are constantly challenged by various biotic and abiotic stresses in nature. Boron toxicity have become one of the important abiotic stress factor for plants. Boron toxicity responses of plants is reflected by alterations in protein expression level, activity, location and concentration. In this study, we identified the proteins which respond to the boron excess stress in Daucus carota root cells, and examined the effects of niacin (nicotinamide) on the protein profiles of boron excess. Protein profile changes in responce to boron and niacin were compared with the control using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) gel electrophoresis. Protein bands of interest were excised from gel and digested by trypsin. The trypsin-digested peptides were analyzed on nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS. Six different proteins involved in plant defense system were identified in total [CR16 (Major allergen Dau c1), glutathion peroxidase, glyoxylase I, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP + ), adenosyl homocysteinase, EDPG precursor)]. Our results clearly demonstrated the presence of boron and niacin in growth medium stimulated expression and synthesis of proteins role in plant defence mechanism. Key words: Boron, niacin, Daucus carota, plant defence enzymes.