Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of social capital in the victimization risk against property: evidence from Brazil*

Abstract The economic model of crime presupposes that individuals evaluate the decision to commit a crime rationally. A more inclusive version of this model would include social capital as a factor influencing criminal activity. The amount of social capital that exists within a group can be used to explain criminal behavior, and an increase in the level of social capital can be a factor capable of preventing crime. This study tests the hypothesis that increasing the level of social capital reduces the risk of victimization against property. Results from variations of an IV-Probit model were used to evaluate data from Latin American Public Opinion Project surveys conducted in Brazil. These results suggest that a higher level of social capital among individuals increases the likelihood that they will cooperate for mutual benefit, such as combating crime.
Latent Adversarial Training of Graph Convolution Networks

Despite the recent success of graph convolution networks (GCNs) in modeling graph structured data, its vulnerability to adversarial attacks have been revealed and attacks on both node feature and graph structure have been designed. Direct extension of adversarial sample based defense algorithms meets with immediate challenge because computing the adversarial network requires substantial cost. We propose addressing this issue by perturbing the latent representations in GCNs, which not only dispenses with adversarial network generation, but also attains improved robustness and accuracy by respecting the latent manifold of the data. Experimental results confirm the superior performance over strong baselines.
The Loud Silence of Suppressed Short-Sale Demand

Utilizing the special institutional setting in the Chinese securities market, we examine how suppressed short-sale demand influences stock valuations and price efficiency for stocks with no short-selling activities. Based on revealed short-sale volume of shortable stocks, we employ a characteristics model to estimate the suppressed short-sale demand for non-shortable stocks, with a higher short-sale demand being suppressed indicates a more binding short-sale constraint. We find that suppressed short-sale demand negatively predicts future returns, and such relation concentrates among firms with poor information environment. Consistent with Diamond and Verrecchia (1987)’s reduced-pricing-efficiency theory, we find that a higher suppressed short-sale demand is associated with a greater price delay and a stronger post-earnings-announcement-drift.
The Relationship between Human Resource Development Factors and Turnover Intention: A Conceptual Framework

Retaining the best employees is of high concern for most organizations and this issue has become a significant focus of attention for many researchers. For this reason, this paper discussed different factors which influence the employee turnover intention-behavior in the organization, specifically to examine the effect of salary, performance appraisal, training & development and career growth (career goal progress, professional ability development, promotion speed, and remuneration growth) on turnover intention. In addition, based on the social exchange theory this paper explains the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between human resource development factors and turnover intention In order to develop a theoretical understanding, a detailed literature review is conducted that includes books, empirical and conceptual papers, a magazine about employee turnover intention and other related factors that influence turnover intention. The suggested framework may also contribute the existing literature on the relationship between human resource practices, career management practices, and employee turnover intention.
EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SHEAR RESPONSE OF AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE ( AAC ) MASONRY WITH FLAT TRUSS BED-JOINT REINFORCEMENT

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SHEAR RESPONSE OF AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE (AAC) MASONRY WITH FLAT TRUSS BED-JOINT REINFORCEMENT Mandirola, Martina; Penna, Andrea; Rota, Maria; Magenes, Guido 1 European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering, Pavia, martina.mandirola@eucentre.it 2 Assistant Professor, University of Pavia, Department of Structural Mechanics and European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering, Pavia, andrea.penna@unipv.it
Social and p olitical e ffe cts of s tate-led r epression : The Chilean c

In this paper I study the micro-level impact of state-led repression for the case of the Chilean military dictatorship (1973-1990) on individual political and social participation, preferences and behavior. I collected a unique micro dataset in Chile in 2012 where I surveyed subjects who experienced repression and built a matching group of subjects with very similar socio-economic characteristics that did not experience repression. Since there is a clear selection into the repressed group, I use a difference in differences strategy where I compare the outcome of the repressed relative to the non-repressed before and after repression took place. I also estimate this model using individual fixed effects. I find several robust results: first, there is a general de-politicization of the sample since I find that in 2012 both sets of people, repressed and non-repressed are less interested in politics compared to 1973; second, there is no significant change in the political orientation on a left-right scale of either group; third, that as a consequence of repression the participation of the repressed in political parties and unions fell relative to the non-repressed. The repressed also reduced their reliance on newspapers as a source of information. Lastly, the repressed increased their participation in human rights organizations. ∗I would like to thank to the subjects who participated in the survey since their struggle is the essence of my research. To Gonzálo Tapia, and the EKHOS team: Magdalena Álvarez, Felipe Zúñiga, Carolina Rojas, Nice Romero, Pabla Nieto and Marion Veneros. To Francisco Gallego, who guided me in every step. To Wally Kuntsman for welcoming me in her own projects. To my advisors Melani Cammett, Pauline Jones Luong and Rebecca Weitz-Shapiro for their constant support. To Guillermo Cruces for his comments and enthusiasm. To Frederico Finan, Claudio Ferraz and Nathan Nunn for their comments. To Anna GrzymalaBusse for guidance to the Eastern European literature. To Pablo Querub́ın for being unconditional. To James A. Robinson.
Which Factors Can Affect e-Public Procurement Adoption by Private Firms ? The Case of Belgium

Firms are the main users of e-public procurement applications (hereinafter e-procurement), so their acceptance to adopt this technology is a crucial element in its successful implementation. Nonetheless, very few studies have focused on this subject. This article aims to identify and analyse the factors affecting private companies’ adoption of eprocurement. Relying on several solid theories in the field of acceptance and adoption of innovation, namely the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Diffusion of Innovation theory (DOI), the Technology, Organization, Environment framework (TOE) and the Iacovou et al. model, we constructed a research model that included the most important potential factors that can influence this variable. Our model was tested according to the survey method. Based on the data received from 760 Belgian firms spread over a wide range of economic activities, we identified five main variables that could explain about 33.5 % of the total variability of e-procurement adoption by firms: size, attitude towards change, competitive pressure, trading partners’ pressure and organizational readiness. In contrast, we did not find any significant relationship between the relative advantages and e-procurement adoption. Finally, the implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The quality of market milk obtained from farms , employing diverse systems of milking

The aim of the study was to evaluate quality of commodity milk produced on farms using different milking systems, i.e. hand vs. machine milking (direct to can milking machine, milking pipeline machine, milking parlour). Data from the records of 5 dairy cooperatives operating in the Lubelskie province comprised testing results of 121 872 milk samples. The analyses concerned data from successive months (January to December) in the years 2008-2009 for contents of fat (%) and protein (%), total bacterial count (thousand/ml) and somatic cell count (thousand/ml). It was shown that the adopted milking system, to a considerable extent determined by the herd size and thus related to the milk production technology on the farm, has a significant effect on the quality of commodity milk. Significantly higher (p≤0.01) fat content was recorded in milk collected in all the machine milking technologies, while analogous differences in protein content were recorded only for milk from the milking parlour system. In terms of microbiological quality the best milk was collected in milking parlours and using direct to can milking machines (average TBC approx. 45 thousand/ml), while the quality was slightly worse in the case of hand milking (47 thousand/ml) and milking pipeline machines (49 thousand/ml). The somatic cell count in hand-milked milk was 2-fold lower (108.6 thousand/ml) that in milk from the other milking systems (194.2-251.9 thousand/ml).
In Search of a Job: Forecasting Employment Growth Using Google Trends

Abstract We show that Google search activity on relevant terms is a strong out-of-sample predictor for future employment growth in the United States over the period 2004–2019 at both short and long horizons. Starting from an initial search term “jobs,” we construct a large panel of 172 variables using Google’s own algorithms to find semantically related search queries. The best Google Trends model achieves an out-of-sample R 2 between 29% and 62% at horizons spanning from one month to one year ahead, strongly outperforming benchmarks based on a single search query or a large set of macroeconomic, financial, and sentiment predictors. This strong predictability is due to heterogeneity in search terms and extends to industry-level and state-level employment growth using state-level specific search activity. Encompassing tests indicate that when the Google Trends panel is exploited using a nonlinear model, it fully encompasses the macroeconomic forecasts and provides significant information in excess of those.
An Investigation of Saudi EFL Teachers ’ Perceptions of the Appropriateness of Communicative Language Teaching ( CLT ) in a Saudi Context

This study investigates Saudi EFL teachers’ perceptions of the appropriateness of the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach in the Saudi context. The study also highlights key aspects such as English as foreign language (EFL) teachers’ attitudes toward CLT and the difficulties that they face in implementing the approach in their classrooms. Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to address the purpose of this study. Two main instruments were used: questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The data were collected from 35 Saudi English language teachers studying at MA and PhD levels at Newcastle University. The results of this study indicate that Saudi EFL teachers have a positive attitude toward the CLT approach. However, the findings reveal that EFL teachers perceive many difficulties in implementing CLT in their classrooms. Three sources of difficulty were consistently identified: difficulties initiated by students, difficulties initiated by teachers and the educational system. These issues were most salient in the results in relation to implementing CLT in Saudi contexts.
A ug 2 01 9 Three-dimensional ferromagnetic CP N − 1 models

We investigate the critical behavior of three-dimensional ferromagnetic CP models, which are characterized by a global U(N) and a local U(1) symmetry. We perform numerical simulations of a lattice model for N = 2, 3, and 4. For N = 2 we find a critical transition in the Heisenberg O(3) universality class, while for N = 3 and 4 the system undergoes a first-order transition. For N = 3 the transition is very weak and a clear signature of its discontinuous nature is only observed for sizes L & 50. We also determine the critical behavior for a large class of lattice Hamiltonians in the large-N limit. The results confirm the existence of a stable large-N CP fixed point. However, this evidence contradicts the standard picture obtained in the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson (LGW) framework using a gauge-invariant order parameter: the presence of a cubic term in the effective LGW field theory for any N ≥ 3 would usually be taken as an indication that these models generically undergo first-order transitions.
The Changing Factor Structure of Equity Returns ∗

We examine the factor structure of equity security returns over the time period 1952-1999 from two different perspectives—differences over time and differences over portfolio size in terms of the number of stocks in a portfolio. After extracting out the idiosyncratic returns for individual stocks based on an eight (or five) factor model, we find: (1) the explanatory power of the first “practical” (statistical) factor has decreased dramatically while that of the other “practical” factors have had moderate increases in recent decades and (2) the total number of “practical” factors needed to explain 95% of the systematic returns decreases rapidly with the number of stocks in a portfolio. The first result shows a time varying factor structure. This suggests that factor sensitivity has become more variable across assets while the average factor sensitivity of individual stocks has decreased in recent years. Our second result leads to the notion of automatic “factor hedging”, where the resulting single “practical” factor can be approximated using an equally weighted stock market index. ∗We have benefited from comments and conversations with Lewis Chan, Robert Damon, Ted Day, Wayne Ferson, Rajnish Mehra, Russ Wermers and Chu Zhang. The address of the corresponding author is: Yexiao Xu, School Of Management, The University of Texas at Dallas, PO Box 830688, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA; Email: yexiaoxu@utdallas.edu The Changing Factor Structure of Equity Returns
WHOLE-LINE SPECTRAL PACKING CONTINUITY THROUGH POWER-LAW SUBORDINACY

By using methods of subordinacy theory, we study packing continuity properties of spectral measures of discrete one-dimensional Schrödinger operators acting on the whole-line. Then, we apply these methods to Sturmian operators with rotation numbers of quasibounded density to show that they have purely α-packing continuous spectrum. A dimensional stability result is also mentioned.
Statistica Sinica Entropy Learning for Dynamic Treatment Regimes

Estimating optimal individualized treatment rules (ITRs) in single or multi-stage clinical trials is one key solution to personalized medicine and has received more and more attention in statistical community. Recent development suggests that using machine learning approaches can significantly improve the estimation over model-based methods. However, proper inference for the estimated ITRs has not been well established in machine learning based approaches. In this paper, we propose a entropy learning approach to estimate the optimal individualized treatment rules (ITRs). We obtain the asymptotic distributions for the estimated rules so further provide valid inference. The proposed approach is demonstrated to perform well in finite sample through extensive simulation studies. Finally, we analyze data from a multi-stage clinical trial for depression patients. Our results offer novel findings that are otherwise not revealed with existing approaches.
Effect of three repairing materials on the flexural strength of repaired heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material

For those who lost their teeth either partially or completely, they may require some kinds of removable prosthesis such removable partial denture and complete denture. A recognizable and well-known material to fabricate these types of dental prosthesis is polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [1]. Even though, long term service of denture base has been reported previously [2,3], but they are not quite stable. They changed overtime because of various degree of alveolar bone resorption, poor management of occlusal force, which result in being loose. Even worse, they were broken as a consequence of poor processing or denture wearers themselves. Another reason is low fracture strength of acrylic denture base. Some literature reported that denture fracture happened twice as more frequent in maxillary as in mandibular prosthesis [4,5]. Therefore repairing is a good solution for treatment or even it is indicated if there were slight modifications and the denture was still in good condition; because making a new denture is time-consuming and costly. By repairing, denture Effect of three repairing materials on the flexural strength of repaired heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material
EXPLICIT CALCULATION OF THE MASLOV-TYPE INDICES OCCURRING IN GUTZWILLER ’ S TRACE FORMULA ; APPLICATION TO THE METAPLECTIC GROUP

The index appearing in Gutzwiller’s trace formula for quantum systems with classical chaotic analogue is the Conley–Zehnder index for symplectic paths, familiar from the theory of periodic Hamiltonian orbits. That index is notoriously difficult to calculate for repetitions of prime periodic orbits. In this paper we use recent results of ours (the product formula and the relation with Morse’s index of concavity) to give explicit and rigorous results. We apply our calculations to give, in addition, the Weyl representation of some metaplectic operators.
Can Social Spending Cushion the Inequality Effect of Globalization?

This paper examines whether social spending cushions the effect of globalization on within-country inequality. Using information on disposable and market income inequality and data on overall social spending, and health and education spending from the ILO and the World Bank/WHO, we analyze whether social spending moderates the association between economic globalization and inequality. The results confirm that economic globalization – especially economic flows – associates with higher income inequality, an effect driven by non-OECD countries. Health spending is strongly associated with lower inequality, but we find no robust evidence that any kind of social spending negatively moderates the association between economic globalization and inequality.
Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria

Using grounded theory as an example, this paper examines three methodological questions that are generally applicable to all qualitative methods. How should the usual scientific canons be reinterpreted for qualitative research? How should researchers report the procedures and canons used in their research? What evaluative criteria should be used in judging the research products? We propose that the criteria should be adapted to fit the procedures of the method. We demonstrate how this can be done for grounded theory and suggest criteria for evaluating studies following this approach. We argue that other qualitative researchers might be similarly specific about their procedures and evaluative criteria.
The international Journal of Esthetic Dentistry

Purpose: This study evaluated the shear bond strength (sBs) of resin cement to dentin after applying two adhesive (a) systems with a combination of four diff erent immediate dentin sealing (iDs) strategies, and two surface conditioning (sC) methods. Material and methods: human third molars (n = 140) were collected and randomly split (n = 70 each) between the two a systems (Clearfi l se Bond; Kuraray [aC] and Optibond Fl; Kerr [aO]). The a groups were further divided into four iDs strategies (2 x one adhesive layer (iDs-1l); 2 x two adhesive layers (iDs-2l); 2 x one adhesive layer and one fl owable layer (iDs-F); 2 x no adhesive layer (delayed dentin sealing [DDs]). Finally, each strategy group was categorized into one of the two sC methods (only pumice [sC-P] or pumice and silica coating [sC-Ps]), except the DDs group, where only sC-P was used. This resulted in 14 groups of 10 specimens each. The occlusal coronal third was removed from each molar crown with a diamond saw (isomet 1000), and iDs was applied, followed by temporary restorations. These were removed after 2 weeks of water storage, and the iDs surfaces were subsequently conditioned. The standard adhesive procedure (syntac Primer and adhesive, heliobond; ivoclar Vivadent) was executed, followed by the application of a resin cement (Variolink ii; ivoclar Vivadent) and photopolymerization. all specimens were subjected to thermocyclic aging (10,000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C). shear force was applied to the adhesive interface in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). Fracture types and locations after loading were classifi ed. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (anOVa) and independent samples t tests. Results: aO groups exhibited higher mean sBs values (14.4 ± 6.43) than aC groups (12.85 ± 4.97) (P = 0.03). anOVa showed the main eff ect of the applications on the sBs in the diff erent groups (P = 0.00). Both DDs groups showed signifi cantly lower sBs values compared with all the iDs groups (iDs-1l, iDs-2l, iDs-F). no signifi cant diff erences in sBs results were found between the iDs groups (P = 0.43) and between the sC methods (P = 0.76). Dentin–cement interface failures diminished with the application of iDs. Conclusion: iDs improves the sBs compared with DDs. no signifi cant diff erences were found between the tested conditioning methods. (Int J Esthet Dent 2019;14:52–63) 53 The international Journal of esthetic Dentistry | Volume 14 | number 1 | spring 2019 |
French validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure CAMM ) alidation francophone du questionnaire de pleine conscience pour enfants et dolescents ( CAMM )

Introduction. – A large number of studies have been devoted to the development of mindfulness questionnaires, a potential central mechanism in therapy. Although these questionnaires are well validated for adults, their accessibility to young populations are still in its infancy. Objective. – This study aims to validate a French version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) to foster the use of mindfulness questionnaires in clinical studies on children and adolescents, and to fix limitations of a previous French-Canadian version. Method. – A total of 545 youth aged from 10 to 17 were recruited in a Belgian and a French school in order to test the validity and reliability of the CAMM. Results. – The results indicate a one-factor structure and suggest a good internal consistency. As expected, the CAMM was positively correlated to another mindfulness questionnaire and negatively correlated to depressive symptomatology and psychological inflexibility. Conclusion. – Overall, the French version of the CAMM presents good psychometric qualities and seems to remain faithful to its original scale. This measure could help to assess mindfulness in young French speakers. © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.