Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy accounting and quality control in the sage differentially private ML platform

Companies increasingly expose machine learning (ML) models trained over sensitive user data to untrusted domains, such as end-user devices and wide-access model stores. This creates a need to control the data's leakage through these models. We present Sage, a differentially private (DP) ML platform that bounds the cumulative leakage of training data through models. Sage builds upon the rich literature on DP ML algorithms and contributes pragmatic solutions to two of the most pressing systems challenges of global DP: running out of privacy budget and the privacy-utility tradeoff. To address the former, we develop block composition, a new privacy loss accounting method that leverages the growing database regime of ML workloads to keep training models endlessly on a sensitive data stream while enforcing a global DP guarantee for the stream. To address the latter, we develop privacy-adaptive training, a process that trains a model on growing amounts of data and/or with increasing privacy parameters until, with high probability, the model meets developer-configured quality criteria. Sage's methods are designed to integrate with TensorFlow-Extended, Google's open-source ML platform. They illustrate how a systems focus on characteristics of ML workloads enables pragmatic solutions that are not apparent when one focuses on individual algorithms, as most DP ML literature does.
Inflation and Bank Profitability: G20 Countries Banks Panel Data Analysis

In that research, by using panel data analysis the relationship between G20 countries banks profitabilities and G20 countries inflation rates was found for the period of 2013-2015. Fixed effect was used in the model. When panel data analysis was done for G20 countries, inflation was found to have negative impact on banks profitability. When micro analysis was done on panel data, it was observed that inflation had negative fixed effect on return on assets of developed countries banks and it was observed that inflation had positive fixed effect on return on assets of developing countries banks.
Genomic Prediction of Grain Yield and Drought-Adaptation Capacity in Sorghum Is Enhanced by Multi-Trait Analysis

Grain yield and stay-green drought adaptation trait are important targets of selection in grain sorghum breeding for broad adaptation to a range of environments. Genomic prediction for these traits may be enhanced by joint multi-trait analysis. The objectives of this study were to assess the capacity of multi-trait models to improve genomic prediction of parental breeding values for grain yield and stay-green in sorghum by using information from correlated auxiliary traits, and to determine the combinations of traits that optimize predictive results in specific scenarios. The dataset included phenotypic performance of 2645 testcross hybrids across 26 environments as well as genomic and pedigree information on their female parental lines. The traits considered were grain yield (GY), stay-green (SG), plant height (PH), and flowering time (FT). We evaluated the improvement in predictive performance of multi-trait G-BLUP models relative to single-trait G-BLUP. The use of a blended kinship matrix exploiting pedigree and genomic information was also explored to optimize multi-trait predictions. Predictive ability for GY increased up to 16% when PH information on the training population was exploited through multi-trait genomic analysis. For SG prediction, full advantage from multi-trait G-BLUP was obtained only when GY information was also available on the predicted lines per se, with predictive ability improvements of up to 19%. Predictive ability, unbiasedness and accuracy of predictions from conventional multi-trait G-BLUP were further optimized by using a combined pedigree-genomic relationship matrix. Results of this study suggest that multi-trait genomic evaluation combining routinely measured traits may be used to improve prediction of crop productivity and drought adaptability in grain sorghum.
Relation of Team Size and Success With Injuries and Illnesses During Eight International Outdoor Athletics Championships

Introduction: The number of injuries and illnesses during major athletics championships vary according to sex and discipline. They may also differ between countries (national teams) given the differences in training, medical care, nutrition, lifestyle habits, and in travel to the championships. In addition, injuries and illnesses may influence the performance during the championships. Therefore, the aim was to analyse the differences in the injury and illness occurrence during international outdoor athletics championships with regards to the athlete's country, as well as establishing the potential relationships with the success of the country during the respective championships. Method: The national medical teams and the local organizing committee physicians reported all injuries and illnesses daily on a standardized injury and illness report form during 4 World and 4 European outdoor championships from 2007 to 2018. Results were presented as number of registered athletes, injuries, illnesses and medals (absolute and per 1000 registered athletes), and for countries of different team size. Results: During these 8 championships, a total of 219 different countries participated with a total of 13059 registered athletes who incurred 1315 injuries and 550 illnesses. The number of injuries and illnesses per championships varied between countries. Countries with higher numbers of registered athletes had a higher number of injuries and illnesses, as well as a higher number of medals and gold medals. There were significant positive correlations between number of injuries/illnesses and number of registered athletes, medals, gold medals. Injury and illness numbers per 1,000 registered athletes differed between countries and team sizes. Analyzing country participation grouped according to the number of registered athletes, there were significant negative correlations between injury/illness and medals/gold medals per 1,000 registered athletes. Conclusions: Given the correlation between health problems and country size, we suggest that medical services provision and staff should be adapted to the team size. In groups of different country team sizes, lower number of injuries and illnesses per registered athletes were correlated with higher number of medals and gold medals per registered athletes, which can support that injury and illness prevention should be recognized as a win-win performance-prevention strategy.
The Role of Magnetic Fields in Protostellar Outflows and Star Formation

The role of outflows in the formation of stars and the protostellar disks that generate them is a central question in astrophysics. Outflows are associated with star formation across the entire stellar mass spectrum. In this review, we describe the observational, theoretical, and computational advances on magnetized outflows, and their role in the formation of disks and stars of all masses in turbulent, magnetized clouds. The ability of torques exerted on disks by magnetized winds to efficiently extract and transport disk angular momentum was developed in early theoretical models and confirmed by a variety of numerical simulations. The recent high resolution ALMA observations of disks and outflows now confirm several key aspects of these ideas, eg. that jets rotate and originate from large regions of their underlying disks. New insights on accretion disk physics show that MRI turbulence is strongly damped, leaving magnetized disk winds as the dominant mechanism for transporting disk angular momentum. Outflows also play an important role in feedback processes particularly in low mass star formation and cluster formation. Despite being almost certainly fundamental to their production and focusing, magnetic fields in outflows in protostellar systems, and even in the disks, are notoriously difficult to measure. Most methods are indirect and lack precision, e.g., using optical/NIR line ratios. Moreover, in those rare cases where direct measurements are possible, e.g. where synchrotron radiation is observed, one has to be very careful in interpreting derived values. Here we also explore what is known about magnetic fields from observations, and take a forward look to the time when facilities such as SPIRou and the SKA are in routine operation.
Evaluation of Whole-Genome Sequence Method to Diagnose Resistance of 13 Anti-tuberculosis Drugs and Characterize Resistance Genes in Clinical Multi-Drug Resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates From China

Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a viable and financially feasible tool for timely and comprehensive diagnosis of drug resistance in developed countries. With the increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), second-line anti-TB drugs are gaining importance. However, genetic resistance to second-line anti-TB drugs based on WGS has not been fully studied. Methods: We randomly selected 100 MDR-TB and 10 non-MDR-TB isolates from a hospital in Zhejiang Province, China. Drug susceptibility tests against 13 anti-TB drugs were performed, and 34 drug resistance-related genes were analyzed using WGS in all isolates. For each drug, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of WGS were compared with those of the conventional drug susceptibility test. Results: The overall sensitivity and specificity for WGS were respectively, 99.0 and 100.0% for isoniazid (INH), 99.0 and 100.0% for rifampicin (RIF), 94.8 and 65.3% for ethambutol (EMB), 86.2 and 84.4% for pyrazinamide (PZA), 95.6 and 95.6% for levofloxacin (LFX), 89.5 and 65.3% for moxifloxacin (MFX), 91.3 and 95.1% for streptomycin (SM), 90.9 and 99.0% for kanamycin, 90.9 and 100.0% for amikacin, 88.9 and 98.0% for capreomycin, 87.0 and 85.1% for prothionamide (PTO), 85.7 and 99.0% for para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), and 66.7 and 95.9% for clofazimine (CLO). Conclusions: WGS is a promising approach to predict resistance to INH, RIF, PZA, LFX, SM, second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs), and PTO with satisfactory accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of over 85.0%. The specificity of WGS in diagnosing resistance to EMB, and high-level resistance to MFX (2.0 mg/L) needs to be improved.
Remembrance of Things Past: Long-Term B Cell Memory After Infection and Vaccination

The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and memory B and T cells are critical in secondary responses to infection. Studies in mice have helped to understand how different memory B cell populations are generated following antigen exposure and how affinity for the antigen is determinant to B cell fate. Additionally, such studies were fundamental in defining memory B cell niches and how B cells respond following subsequent exposure with the same antigen. On the other hand, human studies are essential to the development of better, newer vaccines but sometimes limited by the difficulty to access primary and secondary lymphoid organs. However, work using human influenza and HIV virus infection and/or immunization in particular has significantly advanced today's understanding of memory B cells. This review will focus on the generation, function, and longevity of B-cell mediated immunological memory (memory B cells and plasma cells) in response to infection and vaccination both in mice and in humans.
Minimal time issues for the observability of Grushin-type equations

The goal of this article is to provide several sharp results on the minimal time required for observability of several Grushin-type equations. Namely, it is by now well-known that Grushin-type equations are degenerate parabolic equations for which some geometric conditions are needed to get observability properties, contrarily to the usual parabolic equations. Our results concern the Grushin operator $\partial_t - \Delta_{x} - |x|^2 \Delta_{y}$ observed from the whole boundary in the multi-dimensional setting (meaning that $x \in \Omega_x$, where $\Omega_x$ is a subset of $\mathbb{R}^{d_x}$ with $d_x \geq 1$, $y \in \Omega_y$, where $\Omega_y$ is a subset of $\mathbb{R}^{d_y}$ with $d_y \geq 1$, and the observation is done on $\Gamma = \partial \Omega_x \times \Omega_y$), from one lateral boundary in the one-dimensional setting (i.e. $d_x = 1$), including some generalized version of the form $\partial_t - \partial_{x}^2 - (q(x))^2 \partial_{y}^2$ for suitable functions $q$, and the Heisenberg operator $\partial_t - \partial_{x}^2 -(x \partial_z + \partial_y)^2$ observed from one lateral boundary. In all these cases, our approach strongly relies on the analysis of the family of equations obtained by using the Fourier expansion of the equations in the $y$ (or $(y,z)$) variables, and in particular the asymptotic of the cost of observability in the Fourier parameters. Combining these estimates with results on the rate of dissipation of each of these equations, we obtain observability estimates in suitably large times. We then show that the times we obtain to get observability are optimal in several cases using Agmon type estimates.
Evidence that ppsA in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv . glycines Affects Carbon Utilization and Secretion of Virulence Factors

Mutans of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines that were defective in pathogenesis were produced by Tn5 mutagenesis. One mutant KUMNTP2 that was affected in virulence factor secretion, was reduced in disease production on soybean cultivar SJ4. Sequence analysis showed the Tn5 inserted into a phosphoenal pyruvatesyntase (ppsA) gene having a highly level of homology to the gene in X. axonopodis pv. citri. KUMNTP2 was unable to grow on minimal media without sugar or medium amended with NaAC. KUMNTP2 showed delayed growth in soybean plants that could be complemented by adding 10% glucose. Furthermore, the production of extracellular polysaccharide and extracellular cellulose was significantly decreased but not amylase or protease. By complementation it was shown that enhanced cellulose secretion requires induction of ppsA in a feedback mechanism that modulates ppsA expression. The results also indicate that secretion of cellulose may be dependent on ppsA. We further demonstrated that KUMNTP2 failed to induce a hypersensitive response on tobacco but still induced the response on tomato. Taken together, our date suggest that ppsA effects either directly or indirectly the secretion of virulence factors that affect the development of pustule disease.
Morphological resistance of certain tea clones to red spider mite (Oligonychus coffeae) in tea

Certain morphological attributes of tea leaf varieties TV1, TV6 and TV10 were studied to understand their resistance against the red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae Nietner which acts as a decap towards the tea economy of India. Varietal studies revealed that TV1 the resistant variety is highly palatable by the mite in comparison to TV6 and TV10. Life parameters of O. coffeae viz., fecundity showed significant positive correlation with length of leaf axil (r = 0.71169**) and % leaf area damage (r = 0.83574**). Similarly, hatching of O. coffeae also showed significant positive correlation with % leaf area damage (r
Ownership Structure , Control and Dividend Payouts : Evidence from PRC listed companies

We study the effect of ownership and organization structures on dividend policy and dividend pay-out patterns, paying attention to the exclusive feature of industrial management and corporate control in organization of production in in the PRC. Specifically, our study focuses uniquely on the differences in dividend pay-out behavior among various state ultimate owners, investigating the impact of three types of state ownership on firms’ dividend pay-out decisions for the first time. It has been found that the state enterprises supervised by lower level state agencies, as well as those affiliated to local governments are more likely to pay a dividend than the firms controlled by private ultimate owners. Central enterprises are no more likely to instigate a dividend pay-out as ultimate owners than the firms controlled by private ultimate owners.
Randomized clinical trial of a split-dose bowel preparation with 2L polyethylene glycol plus castor oil versus 1L polyethylene glycol plus castor oil and ascorbic acid before colonoscopy

Our aim was to evaluate efficacy and safety of 30mL CaO alone or plus Asc in bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Two hundred and forty six patients were allocated randomly to ingest 2L PEG with 30mL CaO, 1L PEG with 30mL CaO plus 5g Asc, or 3L PEG. We used Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) to evaluate bowel preparation efficacy. We also determined other outcomes such as procedure time, polyp or adenoma detection rate and adverse events (AEs). Of 282 patients recruited, 36 were excluded. Groups were matched for baseline characteristics except weight (P = 0.020) and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.003). Patient’s satisfaction were higher in 2L PEG-CaO (P = 0.016) and 1L PEG-CaO-Asc groups (P = 0·017). Patients’ compliance was 67.5%, 71.4% and 80.5% in 3L PEG, 2L PEG-CaO and 1L PEG-CaO-Asc groups (P = 0.014). Adequate bowel preparation rate was 75%, 78.57% and 53.66% in 3L PEG, 2L PEG-CaO and 1L PEG-CaO-Asc groups (P = 0.021). There were no differences in terms of remaining outcomes. Despite an increase in patients’ satisfaction and compliance, 1L PEG-CaO-Asc significantly decreased adequate bowel preparation rate. However, 2L PEG-CaO improved the patients' satisfaction and compliance and increased adequate bowel preparation rate.
Raised C-Reactive Protein In Cerebrospinal Fluid : A Diagnostic Marker Of Bacterial Meningitis

Objective: To establish diagnostic role of CSF C-reactive protein quantitively in meningitis. Method: This prospective study was done on 50 patients. According to serum & CSF analysis 28 cases had pyogenic meningitis 22 cases had aseptic meningitis. Along with other appropriate investigations, quantitative CSF Creactive protein(CRP) was assayed and data were analysed to set a diagnostic level and sensitivity and specificity of CSF –CRP in meningitis. Result::The differences in the mean values were statistically significant for CSF protein levels, CSF leukocyte count, and CSF/serum glucose between bacterial and aseptic meningitis groups (p<0.001). Values of serum CRP had significant difference in bacterial meningitis group compared to other group (p<0.001). Conclusion: CSF CRP can easily differentiate bacterial meningitis from other meningitis with great sensitivity and specificity .
The Effect of Using Web Quests on Improving Seventh Grade Female Students ' Writing Skills in Southern AL-Mazar Directorate of Education

The Effect of Using Web Quest on Improving Seventh Grade Female Students' Writing Skills in Southern ALMazar Directorate of Education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using Web Quest on improving seventh grade female students' writing skills in southern AL-Mazar of education. To achieve the purpose of the study, a pre-post test was constructed to measure students' achievement in writing skills of 11 items on English language. The sample of the study comprised (100) seventh grade female students who were randomly selected from three schools, and was distributed into two groups: the control group (30) female students which was taught using the conventional method and two experimental group; the first group was (35) female students who were trained for (2 hours) and the second group was (35) female students who were trained for (4 hours) on using web quest. The findings of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences at (α =0.01) between the experimental group and the control group in favor of experimental group, and there were statistically significant differences at (α =0.01) between the (two hours) and (four hours) at experimental group in favor of the (four hours). In light of the findings of the study, the researchers suggested the following recommendations; the need to apply the Web Quests in the educational process in the Jordanian schools and the need to training teachers in how to use the Web Quests and its application in the educational process.
Comparison Between Custom Made Video Laryngoscope And Macintosh Laryngoscope Aided Endotracheal Intubation . A Simple And Inexpensive Digital Tool

The Macintosh blade laryngoscope is the gold standard equipment for endotracheal intubation. Video laryngoscopes provide an excellent and magnified view of larynx and adnexa. Commercial video laryngoscopes are expensive which acts as a limitation for routine use. We prepared an inexpensive version of video laryngoscope by using an USB endoscope camera and attaching it to regular laryngoscope blade and a personal computer. We evaluated between custom made video laryngoscope and macintosh laryngoscope aided endotracheal intubation for success of intubation, overall duration, POGO score ,intubation difficulty score and ease of intubation
Function of vitamin E in physical exercise: a review

Even though vitamin E may not improve physical achievements in sports competitions, as shown in several swimming experiments, it is important for the health of skeletal muscle: in its role as the major lipid-soluble chainbreaking antioxidant in lipid cell membranes, vitamin E protects muscle tissue in aerobic exercise, in which oxygen metabolism and, consequently, free radical production are greatly accelerated. Animal studies in several laboratories have shown that endurance exercise results in the same type of oxidative muscle damage as does vitamin E deficiency: there is an increase in the peroxidation products pentane and malondialdehyde and in enzymes leaked from muscles to plasma. Oxidative tissue damage in vitamin-Edeficient animals is exacerbated by endurance training and, conversely, it is reduced by high-dose vitamin E supplementation; also, preliminary studies in humans have demonstrated antioxidant protection by high-dose vitamin E supplementation. After endurance exercise leakage of enzymes into the plasma and output of pentane in the breath were significantly reduced. During a highaltitude expedition in the Himalayas, protection was shown to be significantly better in the supplemented group than in the placebo group, as determined by anaerobic thresho]d and pentane exhalation.