Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Functioning in work and retirement: commentary on age-related trajectories of physical functioning in work and retirement —the role of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and disease by Stenholm et al

Stenholm et al 1–henceforth, SW—look into the physical functioning of participants aged between 65 to 85 years in the Health and Retirement Study (a representative longitudinal survey of people aged 50 years or older in the USA). The authors report that physical functioning declined faster among the retired than among those individuals in full-time work, after controlling for age, sex, race, education, total wealth, body mass index, smoking, physical activity and chronic diseases. This note does not review SW nor presents a systematic review of the literature on the topic. (For a recent systematic review of longitudinal research of the effects of retirement on health, see refs.2 ,3.) (For a comprehensive review of the literature, see ref.4.) The objective is more modest: to highlight some of the central tenets of the existing and conflicting literature to put SW into the context of its wider research programme. After a brief description of the causal mechanisms as propounded by competing social theories, this paper discusses some methodological differences found in the literature, which are to a large extent at the bottom of the diversity in findings, concerning Koopmans characterised empirical work with no theoretical foundation as an inquiry ‘groping for guidance’. 5 When it comes to the effects of retirement on health, there is no dearth of theoretical underpinnings. However, none of the economic and social gerontological theories provide conclusive guidance about what to expect a priori regarding the sign of the direction. The human capital model developed by Grossman predicts that retirement …
Performance analysis of CNN frameworks for GPUs

Thanks to modern deep learning frameworks that exploit GPUs, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been greatly successful in visual recognition tasks. In this paper, we analyze the GPU performance characteristics of five popular deep learning frameworks: Caffe, CNTK, TensorFlow, Theano, and Torch in the perspective of a representative CNN model, AlexNet. Based on the characteristics obtained, we suggest possible optimization methods to increase the efficiency of CNN models built by the frameworks. We also show the GPU performance characteristics of different convolution algorithms each of which uses one of GEMM, direct convolution, FFT, and the Winograd method. We also suggest criteria to choose convolution algorithms for GPUs and methods to build efficient CNN models on GPUs. Since scaling DNNs in a multi-GPU context becomes increasingly important, we also analyze the scalability of the CNN models built by the deep learning frameworks in the multi-GPU context and their overhead. The result indicates that we can increase the speed of training the AlexNet model up to 2X by just changing options provided by the frameworks.
Older Adults and Technology Adoption

Access to computers and the Internet is a major public policy concern as technology has become a significant aspect of economic, social and health equity. Recent data suggest that although computer and Internet use is lower among older, as compared to younger adults access is increasing among older people. This paper examines changes in use of computers and the Internet over time (2000–2002 and 2006–2007) among two samples (N=424) of older adults ranging in age from 50–85 yrs. Data are also reported on changes in attitudes towards computers and how adoption is influenced by attitudes and demographic characteristics. Technology adoption and attitudes towards computers were assessed via questionnaire. Over time, although there was no difference in percentage of participants who had computer experience, both breadth of computer use and Internet use increased. Participants from the more recent time point also reported more comfort with computers. The data also indicated that age, education, and comfort with computers predicted breadth of computer and Internet use. Understanding factors that influence access is important to the development of strategies to close the gap between adopters and non-adopters.
Mainstreaming Outsiders: The Production of Black Professionals

"Mainstreaming" is defined as the "process by which an unfavored racial or ethnic group is provided opportunities to fulfill occupational roles in the same manner as members of the more favored or dominant group in a desegregating American society. " The primary mechanism of mainstreaming is providing equal educational opportunities. This book is an examination of the efforts made during the 1970s to equalize educational opportunities for all factions of the American population. The book gives a great amount of statistical data (gathered from 743 professional schools in eight professional fields: medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, engineering, and social work) to support the fact that schools vary with regard to efforts and characteristics relevant to creating equal access and that certain generalizable variables are powerful predictors of the presence of black students. Important differences among schools included (1) when they began to aid in equal access; (2) how successful they
Socioeconomic marginalisation in the structural production of vulnerability to violence among people who use illicit drugs

Objective Many people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) face challenges to their financial stability. Resulting activities that PWUD undertake to generate income may increase their vulnerability to violence. We therefore examined the relationship between income generation and exposure to violence across a wide range of income generating activities among HIV-positive and HIV-negative PWUD living in Vancouver, Canada. Methods Data were derived from cohorts of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative PWUD (n=1876) between December 2005 and November 2012. We estimated the relationship between different types of income generation and suffering physical or sexual violence using bivariate and multivariate generalised estimating equations, as well as the characteristics of violent interactions. Results Exposure to violence was reported among 977 (52%) study participants over the study period. In multivariate models controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, mental health status, and drug use patterns, violence was independently and positively associated with participation in street-based income generation activities (ie, recycling, squeegeeing and panhandling; adjusted OR (AOR)=1.39, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.57), sex work (AOR=1.23, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.50), drug dealing (AOR=1.63, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.84), and theft and other acquisitive criminal activity (AOR=1.51, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.80). Engagement in regular, self-employment or temporary employment was not associated with being exposed to violence. Strangers were the most common perpetrators of violence (46.7%) and beatings the most common type of exposure (70.8%). Conclusions These results suggest that economic activities expose individuals to contexts associated with social and structural vulnerability to violence. The creation of safe economic opportunities which can minimise vulnerability to violence among PWUD is therefore urgently required.
Maternal mental health, and child growth and development, in four low-income and middle-income countries

Objective Extend analyses of maternal mental health and infant growth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to children through age eight years, and broaden analyses to cognitive and psychosocial outcomes. Design Community-based longitudinal cohort study in four LMICs (Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam). Surveys and anthropometric assessments were carried out when the children were approximately ages 1, 5 and 8 years. Risk of maternal common mental disorders (rCMDs) was assessed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ)-20 (score ≥8). Setting Rural and urban as well as low- and middle-income communities. Participants 7722 mothers and their children. Main outcome measures Child stunting and underweight (Z score ≤2 of height and weight for age), and <20th centile for: cognitive development (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test), and the psychosocial outcomes self pride and life satisfaction. Results A high rate of rCMD, stunting and underweight was seen in the cohorts. After adjusting for confounders, significant associations were found between maternal rCMDs and growth variables in the first year of life, with persistence to age 8 years in India and Vietnam, but not in the other countries. India and Vietnam also showed significant associations between rCMDs and lower cognitive development. After adjustment, rCMD was associated with low life satisfaction in Ethiopia but not in the other cohorts. Conclusions Associations of maternal rCMD in the first year of life with child outcomes varied across the study cohorts and, in some cases, persisted across the first 8 years of life of the child, and included growth, cognitive development and psychosocial domains.
Age-specific performance of careHPV versus Papanicolaou and visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid testing in a primary cervical cancer screening

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recommended as a primary screening tool for cervical screening. Assessment of age-specific performance of newer HPV careHPV DNA testing is important as risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) varies at different ages. We aim to evaluate careHPV in comparison to Papanicolaou (Pap) test and visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) cervical screening tests for the detection of high-grade CIN. Methods The cross sectional study was conducted in a rural population of North India. Ever-married women 30–59 years of age were invited for screening by careHPV (self-collected vaginal and physician-collected cervical samples), Pap test and VIA. Associations for trend in age for detecting histological-confirmed CINII+ and CINIII+ for each screening test were evaluated. Age-specific association with each screening test was evaluated. Results Of a total of 7761 women invited, 5032 were screened and analysis was performed on 4658 with all screen test results. No significant (p>0.05) association of age for any screening test in the detection of CINII+ or CINIII+ was observed. For the older age group, cervical HPV (CHPV) showed high sensitivity and specificity for CINII+ detection. Specificity of CHPV or vaginal HPV (VHPV) was equal or higher than Pap in all age groups. Conclusions Cervical screening options of CHPV or VHPV, or Pap, performed equally in the younger age group while CHPV might be an option for all ages in the detection of high-grade CIN.
A novel housing-based socioeconomic measure predicts hospitalisation and multiple chronic conditions in a community population

Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important predictor for outcomes of chronic diseases. However, it is often unavailable in clinical data. We sought to determine whether an individual housing-based SES index termed HOUSES can influence the likelihood of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) and hospitalisation in a community population. Methods Participants were residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged >18 years, who were enrolled in Mayo Clinic Biobank on 31 December 2010, with follow-up until 31 December 2011. Primary outcome was all-cause hospitalisation over 1 calendar-year. Secondary outcome was MCC determined through a Minnesota Medical Tiering score. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of HOUSES with the Minnesota tiering score. With adjustment for age, sex and MCC, the association of HOUSES with hospitalisation risk was tested using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results Eligible patients totalled 6402 persons (median age, 57 years; 25th–75th quartiles, 45–68 years). The lowest quartile of HOUSES was associated with a higher Minnesota tiering score after adjustment for age and sex (OR (95% CI) 2.4 (2.0 to 3.1)) when compared with the highest HOUSES quartile. Patients in the lowest HOUSES quartile had higher risk of all-cause hospitalisation (age, sex, MCC-adjusted HR (95% CI) 1.53 (1.18 to 1.98)) compared with those in the highest quartile. Conclusions Low SES, as assessed by HOUSES, was associated with increased risk of hospitalisation and greater MCC health burden. HOUSES may be a clinically useful surrogate for SES to assess risk stratification for patient care and clinical research.
Successful Treatment of Chronic HCV Infection Should Not Preclude Kidney Donation to an HCV Negative Recipient

Here we report a case of an HCV positive patient treated successfully with antiviral therapy who subsequently donated a kidney to an HCV negative recipient without viral transmission. The safety of this approach relies on the fact that sustained virological response (SVR) usually means lack of viral presence in the liver and other organs (1). This rationale served to get approval from our Institution Ethics Committee as well as informed consent from both donor and recipient. The patientwas a 49-year-old male diagnosed with IgA nephropathy. When glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 20 mL/min, options for renal replacement therapy, including preemptive living-donor kidney transplantation, were given to him. His wife was candidate for living donation. She was a 49-year-old female with antecedent of blood transfusion in 1986 during open myomectomy. However, chronic hepatitis C virus infection was diagnosed. She had mild elevation of liver enzymes and normal ultrasound examination. The Fibroscan R liver ultrasound transient elastography value was 8.9 kPa (moderate fibrosis). HCV was genotype 3, and viral load was 65 610 UI/mL. A 24-week peginterferon alfa (180 g/week sc) and ribavirin (800 mg/day po) treatment was performed with negative viral load after 4 weeks. SVR as well as normalization of liver enzymes was achieved. Therefore, 1 year after antiviral treatment was finished we decided to proceed with laparoscopic nephrectomy and living donor kidney transplantation. At this time, recipient GFR was 10 mL/min.
International case-control study of adult brain, head and neck tumours : Results of the feasibility study

The objectives of the feasibility study were to collect and analyse the information necessary to assess the feasibility of a multi-centric study of adult head and neck tumours (including brain tumours) and mobile telephones. Information was obtained on the availability and accessibility of records from companies, the prevalence of mobile telephone use over time and the expected number of tumour cases in the proposed study regions. The conclusion is that it is feasible to develop a study of the relation hetween mobile telephone use and brain cancer risk. The feasibility of a study of the relation between radiofrequency exposure and cancer risk is, however, unclear at present. It is unknown whether a sufficiently accurate and precise RF exposure gradient can be denved to classify adequately each subject in the proposed study. A study of the relation between mobile telephone use and risk of salivary gland tumours and acoustic neurinomas is probably feasible, but more information is required about the logistic difficulties of ascertaining these cases in the study regions. Two subcommittees have been formed to develop the exposure measurement and epidemiological aspects of the study.
Perceived Benefits and Barriers to Exercise for Recently Treated Adults With Acute Leukemia

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To explore perceived exercise benefits and barriers in adults with acute leukemia who recently completed an inpatient exercise intervention during induction therapy. RESEARCH APPROACH Descriptive, exploratory design using semistructured interviews. SETTING Inpatient hematology/oncology unit at North Carolina Cancer Hospital in Chapel Hill. PARTICIPANTS 6 adults with acute leukemia aged 35-67 years. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH Content analyses of semistructured interviews that were conducted with each participant prior to hospital discharge. FINDINGS Most participants were not meeting the recommended physical activity levels of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week before their diagnosis. Patients were highly pleased with the exercise intervention and the overall program. Common barriers to exercise were anxiety and aches and pains. INTERPRETATION Overall, participants experienced physical and psychological benefits with the exercise intervention with no adverse events from exercising regularly during induction chemotherapy. Referrals for cancer rehabilitation management will lead to prolonged recovery benefits. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Findings inform the nurses' role in encouraging and supporting adults with acute leukemia to exercise and be physically active during their hospitalization. Nurses should also be responsible for assisting patients with physical function activities to increase mobility and enhance overall health-related quality of life.
CD4 count at antiretroviral therapy initiation and the risk of loss to follow-up: results from a multicentre cohort study

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is now recommended irrespective of CD4 count. However data on the relationship between CD4 count at ART initiation and loss to follow-up (LTFU) are limited and conflicting. Methods We conducted a cohort analysis including all adults initiating ART (2008–2012) at three public sector sites in South Africa. LTFU was defined as no visit in the 6 months before database closure. The Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox's proportional hazards models examined the relationship between CD4 count at ART initiation and 24-month LTFU. Final models were adjusted for demographics, year of ART initiation, programme expansion and corrected for unascertained mortality. Results Among 17 038 patients, the median CD4 at initiation increased from 119 (IQR 54–180) in 2008 to 257 (IQR 175–318) in 2012. In unadjusted models, observed LTFU was associated with both CD4 counts <100 cells/μL and CD4 counts ≥300 cells/μL. After adjustment, patients with CD4 counts ≥300 cells/μL were 1.35 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.63) times as likely to be LTFU after 24 months compared to those with a CD4 150–199 cells/μL. This increased risk for patients with CD4 counts ≥300 cells/μL was largest in the first 3 months on treatment. Correction for unascertained deaths attenuated the association between CD4 counts <100 cells/μL and LTFU while the association between CD4 counts ≥300 cells/μL and LTFU persisted. Conclusions Patients initiating ART at higher CD4 counts may be at increased risk for LTFU. With programmes initiating patients at higher CD4 counts, models of ART delivery need to be reoriented to support long-term retention.
Adsorption and desorption of benzene in two soils and montmorillonite clay.

Research report: The adsorption, desorption, and possible degradation of benzene in two silty clay loam soils and montmorillonite clay saturated with either aluminum or calcium ions were studied. With benzene concentrations in water of 10, 100, and 1000 ppb, it was found that sorption was minimal for the soils and the calcium-saturated clay. Benzene sorption on the aluminum-saturated clay was seven times greater than on the soils and three times greater than on the calcium-laden clay. Once sorbed, benzene tends to resist desorption. The most likely route of benzene loss from soils appears to be volatilization. (6 graphs, 11 references, 4 tables)
Feasibility of Mind-Body Movement Programs for Cancer Survivors

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To evaluate mind-body movement exercise (MBME) classes (yoga, tai chi, and Qigong) for cancer survivors. DESIGN A single-group, repeated-measures design. SETTING The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital in Columbus. SAMPLE 33 adult cancer survivors, with any cancer diagnosis, participating in MBME classes. METHODS The researchers sought to examine feasibility of multiple data collection time points and data collection measures; acceptability; and changes to physical, emotional, and biometric measures over time, as a result of participation in MBME classes. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Quality of life, sleep, depressive symptomatology, fatigue, stress, upper body strength, gait and balance, body mass index, heart rate, and blood pressure. FINDINGS The current study was feasible because survivors were willing to participate and completed most of the questionnaires. Participants found these classes to be beneficial not only for exercise, but also for social support and social connectedness. Poor sleep quality was consistently reported by participants. MBME classes should be recommended to survivors and are beneficial for oncology practices to offer. CONCLUSIONS Conducting MBME research with cancer survivors is feasible, and participants find the MBME acceptable and a way of addressing health and managing cancer-related symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses should help patients and caregivers identify locations and times when MBME class participation is possible, assess MBME class participation during each clinic visit to promote continued involvement and to understand if positive effects are occurring, and continue to provide support for MBME classes throughout the survivorship experience.
Internet, mail, and mixed‐mode surveys: The tailored design method

Dillman, Smyth, and Christian offer in the third edition a practical guide to survey research across content areas. The Tailored Design Method aims to achieve high-quantity and high-quality survey response by minimizing 4 sources of survey error (coverage, sampling, nonresponse, andmeasurement) and motivating respondents using features informed by scientiÞc evidence. This new edition updates the previous edition by articulating the current climate of survey research and integrating Web-based survey design throughout the book alongside the discussion of longstanding traditional mail, in-person, and telephone modes of data collection. After a brief history of survey research, the second chapter explores tailored design as a conceptual framework for survey design based on the unique situation and target population and focused on improving accuracy and completion rates of respondents. Coverage and sampling considerations and processes are reviewed in Chapter 3. The next 3 chapters introduce evidence-based guidelines for (1) writing highquality questions with tips ranging from word choice to visual presentation, (2) constructing openand closed-ended