Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language in Action: Categories, Lambdas and Dynamic Logic

Language in Action demonstrates the viability of mathematical research into the foundations of categorial grammar, a topic at the border between logic and linguistics. Since its initial publication it has become the classic work in the foundations of categorial grammar. A new introduction to this paperback edition updates the open research problems and records relevant results through pointers to the literature.Van Benthem presents the categorial processing of syntax and semantics as a central component in a more general dynamic logic of information flow, in tune with computational developments in artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Using the paradigm of categorial grammar, he describes the substructural logics driving the dynamics of natural language syntax and semantics. This is a general type-theoretic approach that lends itself easily to proof-theoretic and semantic studies in tandem with standard logic. The emphasis is on a broad landscape of substructural categorial logics and their proof-theoretical and semantic peculiarities. This provides a systematic theory for natural language understanding, admitting of significant mathematical results. Moreover, the theory makes possible dynamic interpretations that view natural languages as programming formalisms for various cognitive activities.
Preventive Effects of Transdermal Administration of 17β‐Estradiol on Postmenopausal Bone Loss: A 2‐Year Prospective Study

A 2-year prospective study was conducted on 44 early postmenopausal women to assess the effect of transdermal estradiol (TTS-E2) on vertebral bone mass. Twenty treated women and 24 untreated were studied. Treatment consisted of TTS-E2 (0.05 mg/day, 3 weeks a month) and an oral gestagen (10 days per month). At 24 months, bone mineral density, measured by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA), decreased significantly in untreated women (-4.3%) (P < .001), while treated women had a net gain of +5.4% (P < .001). Bone turnover parameters (serum osteocalcin, urinary calcium/creatinine ratio) were significantly (P < .05) reduced from the second month of treatment onward. Serum estradiol levels were sustained during the treatment and were in the range of an early follicular phase (45 pg/mL). These findings suggest that low doses of transdermal estradiol sufficient to relieve menopausal symptoms, and which, due to the association with progestogen, result in regular withdrawal bleeding, are effective in preventing postmenopausal bone loss.
DERIVATION OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN THREE INDONESIAN TEXTS

This paper tries to analyze the derivational process in three Indonesian texts. The method of the research and data collection of this research is synchronic descriptive in which the data are collected and described naturally. The data of the research are taken from three Indonesian texts “Semarang Metro” newspaper published on January 7th 2012. The writer uses substitution or agih method in analyzing the data. The result shows that there are 6 derivation affixes found in three Indonesian texts such as prefixes peN- and ber-, suffixes –an and –kan and also circumfix peN-an and ke-an. And the most derivation words found in three Indonesian texts are the derivational process by the addition of suffix –an. ju�� o.F x7le, the researcher found nine types of mistakes namely misformation in using personal pronoun, misformation in using possessive pronoun, misformation in using demonstrative reference, misformation in using additional conjunction, misformation in using cause effect conjunction, omission of additional conjunction, omission opposite conjunction, omission of cause effect conjunction, misformation in using noun substitution
Vision-based hand pose estimation and gesture recognition

Real-time hand pose estimation and gesture recognition from the visual inputs are important for human-computer interaction. Compared to the specialized hardware to fulfill this task, e.g. the data-gloves, the vision-based methods are much cheaper and capable of providing more natural and non-intrusive interaction experiences. Despite the previous work in this field, this problem remains challenging due to the high flexibility and shape variations of the articulated hand. This thesis focuses on inference of the full degree-of-freedom hand pose and semantic hand gestures from the visual image inputs. Particularly, the RGB-D camera is selected as the input device to record the hand images for the proposed methods in this thesis, since it can capture more detailed 3D structure of the hand and is thus less ambiguous for hand pose and gesture inference. To develop a practical solution, the various related aspects have been investigated, such as hand part recognition, fingertip tracking and hand skeleton extraction. Overall, this thesis has made the following contributions: 1. A hand parsing scheme to extract the hand parts from the depth images. It consists of a novel Superpixel-Markov Random Field to enforce both the spatial smoothness and the co-occurrence priors of the hand part labels to improve per-pixel classification results, which proves more superior to pixel-level filtering. In addition, the method generalizes well to human body parsing. In the follow-up work on hand pose estimation, the parsed hand parts prove to be effective for discriminative pose prediction by enforcing the correlations among the pose parameters. A hand gesture recognition method is proposed to
Uterine Sparing Techniques in Placenta Accreta

Placenta Accreta (PA) is a major challenge facing obstetricians nowadays owing to increased incidence of PA parallel to increased Caesarean Section rates. Although the age of patients with PA getting younger and fertility preservation is required, there is no definite planned management method widely accepted except for hysterectomy. Uterine sparing techniques were developed to prevent poor sequalae of hysterectomy but neither one methods proved to be superior to the other nor got wide acceptance by obstetricians and hysterectomy remains the most popular and accepted method for PA management as it minimize maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review is to put the light on Uterine Sparing techniques aiming to preserve future fertility and, minimizing the poor sequalae of hysterectomy.
Gestational Diabetes in New Zealand Ethnic Groups

In New Zealand the rise in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence reflects the current patterns of increasing obesity and diabetes. Approximately 61,000 women give birth in New Zealand every year, and about 4.9% (6.6%) of those women have diabetes. Screening for gestational diabetes is recommended for all pregnant women in New Zealand, unless an earlier diagnosis of diabetes was made. Indigenous Maori women, Pacific Island, and Asian Indian women are populations genetically prone to diabetes, and have high rates of gestational and type 2 diabetes. Exposure of the foetus to maternal diabetes influences changes in birthweight, adiposity, and foetal insulin production. GDM and type 2 diabetes in Pacific Island and Maori new-borns were associated with higher birthweight, skinfold thicknesses, raised cord insulin, insulin peptides, and increased leptin concentrations. Pacific Island and indigenous Maori women gave birth to macrosomic new-borns, who commonly suffered postnatal hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress, and shoulder dystocia. The association between maternal obesity and SGA raises a concern as SGA is less likely to be detected in early pregnancy in obese women, while the association between SGA and socioeconomic status, initially observed in Maori and Pacific women, was explained by high cigarette smoking rates, and obesity in deprived areas. Abbreviations: GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; NWH: National Women’s Hospital; LGA: Large for gestational age; SGA: Small for gestational age; AGA: Average for gestational age; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin
The kinematic analysis of the grab and track start in swimming

The winner in swimming is often decided by hundredths of a second, and therefore, all the elements of the race must be practiced. The start in swimming, together with the other elements of the race, is very important for achieving better results in competitions. Nowadays, swimmers use two start techniques: the grab and track start. The aim of this study is to determine the statistically significant differences in certain kinematic parameters between the grab and track start among competitive swimmers, cadet selection. The sample consisted of 6 competitive swimmers, 15 years of age ± SD, who belong to the cadet selection of the swimming club 'Argiroupoli Nautical Club' from Athens (Greece). Three swimmers performed the grab start, while the other three performed the track start. This study involved 8 kinematic parameters: flight length (FL), flight time (FT), ascending angle (AA), angle of entry (AE), velocity of the centre of mass at take-off (VCMT), velocity of head movement at takeoff (VHMT), velocity of hand movement at takeoff (VHdMT) and velocity of hip movement at takeoff (VHpMT). In order to determine the statistically significant difference between the grab and track start, we used the t-test for each kinematic parameter. According to the results obtained in this research, we can conclude that there is no statistically significant difference between the grab and track start, except in the parameter AA (p=0.04). That is why an advantage cannot be given to one of these start techniques. Instead of that, the regular and intensive drill of a chosen start technique should be applied. While doing that, the choice of a start technique must be adapted to the swimmer's abilities and it must increase his competitive efficiency.
A percepção dos usuários de um Centro de Atendimento vinculado ao SUS: enfoque fonoaudiológico baseado na promoção da saúde

Purpose This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) about the treatment Center where they were assisted, as well as about the speech-language pathology services rendered by this Center. Methods This is a transversal study composed of an interview with 26 open questions and 14 closed questions applied to 111 individuals who were assisted at the SUS Center in August 2013. The quantitative content analysis was conducted through the use of the GraphPadPrisma 5.1, Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0 software and the application of the D’agostino & Person, F-test and chi-squared test. Results Most participants reported a positive perception about the facilities and staff of the treatment center. They were also positive about the waiting time and the speech-language pathologists’ explanations and conduct, especially in the audiology department. Most responses from participants were short and did not present an argumentative context. Conclusion The treatment center received a high approval rating by most users. The audiology department had better grades than the clinical services related to language and oral motor pathologies.
INTERPRETING THE SCOPE OF THEIR LITERATURE REVIEWS: SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN RESEARCH STUDENTS CONCERNS

As librarians have developed a growing concern for fostering the information literacy of library users they have become increasingly involved in teaching many facets of information use. Completing a literature review forms one important context within which people learn to use information effectively, and within this process the need to be able to think critically about the relevance of information is very important. One of the problems that neophyte researchers face in the early stages of their research, is the need to interpret the possible “scope” or “coverage” of their literature review. This article describes eight ways of thinking about scope identified among beginning research students: topicality, comprehensiveness, breadth, exclusion, relevance, currency, availability, and authority. Some of these eight concerns reflect recognised information values. They also suggest strategic directions for librarians and other educators working with beginning researchers. These directions include the need to help students adopt psychological rather than topical views of relevance, and subjective rather than objective views of information. Such strategies are likely to reduce students’ emphasis on comprehensive coverage, and would encourage them to focus on establishing connections and meaning in relation to their own research.
The prosody of speech error corrections revisited

A corpus of digitized speech errors is used to compare the prosody of correction patterns for word-level vs. sound-level errors. Results for both peak F0 and perceived prosodic markedness confirm that speakers are more likely to mark corrections of word-level errors than corrections of sound-level errors, and that errors ambiguous between word-level and soundlevel (such as boat for moat) show correction patterns like those for sound level errors. This finding increases the plausibility of the claim that word-sound-ambiguous errors arise at the same level of processing as sound errors that do not form words.
Designing to Learn About Complex Systems

Complex systems are commonly found in natural and physical science. Understanding such systems is often difficult because they may be viewed from multiple perspectives and their analysis may conflict with or extend beyond the range of everyday experience. There are many complex structural, behavioral, and functional relations to understand as well. Design activities, which allow explorations of how systems work, can be an excellent way to help children acquire a deeper, more systemic understanding of such complex domains. We report on a design experiment in which 6th grade children learned about the human respiratory system by designing artificial lungs and building partial working models. Structure-behavior-function models are used as a framework for the cognitive analysis of the domain. The design activities helped students learn about the respiratory system. The design students indeed learned more than students receiving direct instruction. They learned to view the respiratory system more systemically. As expected, because of the short time they spent on the exercise, they understood more about structure than function and more about the functions of different parts of the respiratory system than its causal behaviors. This early Learning by Design experiment makes several important suggestions about successful learning from design activities: (a) the need to define design challenges functionally; (b) the importance of dynamic feedback; (c) the need for multiple iterations toward a solution; and most important; (d) thinking about design as a system of activities and allocating time so that the full system can be carried out, allowing its full set of affordances to be realized.
Characterization of Terrestrial Features Using Space-Shuttle-Based Polarimetry

Space-based remote sensing data typically consist of reflected and emitted intensity and wavelength information; however, these are only two of the five parameters that describe such energy. The other three are degree of polarization, angle of the plane of polarization, and amount of circular polarization (negligible for remote sensing applications). Linear polarization occurs when light oscillates in a single plane or within a small angular orientation about the optic axis. Polarimetry is potentially useful in describing a target’s surface texture and providing additional information to separate targets. Photographs taken for the Space Shuttle Polarization Experiment during six Space Shuttle missions were examined for scene content. Large homogeneous areas of Shark Bay, Australia, and the Tuamotu Archipelago were photographed from multiple exposure stations and analyzed to determine the following relationships: (1) the relationship between the degree of polarization and view/illumination geometry by cover type; (2) the separability in terms of polarization parameters of cover types, recorded with similar view/illumination geometries; and (3) the relationship between space-based and terrestrial polarization measurements to determine the effects of the atmosphere. The results indicate that space-based polarimetry increases the separation between targets imaged with similar geometries. It was also found that the degree of polarization can be enhanced by optimizing the view/illumination geometry.
A comparison of three methods for predicting wind speeds in complex forested terrain

The comparative performance of the WASP and MS‐Micro/3 airflow models and of the DAMS scoring system in calculating the wind climate in complex forested terrain has been examined. An analysis was carried out of predicted and observed wind speeds collected over 18 months at six monitoring sites in mountainous country in the Cowal Peninsula, western Scotland. Both airflow models and the DAMS system produced variable results: the airflow models were most accurate on exposed hill tops whereas DAMS tended to be more accurate in valleys and lower slopes. Taken as a whole this study showed that the DAMS scoring system performed as well as the other airflow models considered. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society
A very rare association: acute apendagitis and appendicular agenesis, case report

1.1 Background: Apendagitis is an entity with an incidence about 8.8: 1,000,000 habitants. It represents difficult diagnosis pathology, completed many times only after surgical exploration. The association of Apendagitis with vermiform appendix agenesis has never been reported before in literature. 1.2 Case: A 4 years-old female present at emergency room with abdominal pain of 2 days of evolution. At physical exam with tachycardia, tachypnea, temperature of 38o C, dehydrated, abdominal pain localized in right iliac fossa, Mc Burney sign, other appendicular signs absents, without bowel sounds. Laboratories report leucocytes 14800 with neutrophils 78%. Without US or CT scan image in the hospital during night, acute appendicitis diagnosis was carried out and an appendectomy programmed. During surgery and after Cattel maneuver the vermiform appendix was not found and a Meckel diverticulum discarded. Mc Burney incision was extended and a necrotic epiploic appendix found in the ascendant colon, it was removed. Diagnosis of Apendagitis and appendicular agenesis was registered and after two days of analgesia treatment, patient was discharged without complications. 1.3 Conclusion: Apendagitis diagnosis is a rare entity that would be consider in cases of acute abdominal pain because would be misdiagnosed as another pathologies like diverticulitis, appendicitis or Meckel diverticulum. The preoperative diagnosis can only be achieved accurately by CT-scan and discarding other abdominal pain causes, avoiding unnecessary surgeries and allowing medical management for this entity.
[Reasons for Emergency Department Visits: Results of a Patient Survey].

OBJECTIVES The number of patients visiting emergency departments (ED) is steadily increasing. The cause for this rise in Germany is unclear and less examined. This study aimed to assess the reasons of walk-in patients to visit EDs by using a direct survey. METHODS During a period of 4 weeks, 2 010 walk-in patients were anonymously surveyed in 2 major Berlin hospitals using a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. RESULTS More than 90% of patients assessed themselves as an emergency and three-quarters of patients reported pain. The majority of patients (57%) tried to contact statutory health insurance (SHI) office-based physicians in advance and 59% of patients said they would make use of ambulatory emergency facilities if they were available and well established. However, 55% of patients were unaware of the emergency service of the association of SHI physicians. CONCLUSION The results indicate that centralized ambulatory emergency facilities should be available 24/7 at hospitals with EDs. Therefore, future planning of emergency services should integrate providers of ambulatory and inpatient sector. International experience suggests that different instruments aiming at better coordination of care, such as integrated call centers, extended ambulatory services and facilities for less urgent cases located in or nearby hospitals with EDs should also be implemented in Germany.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplant in pediatric patients in Kuwait

To describe outcomes of human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 12 patients: 9 with ? - thalassemia major (TM) and 1 each with severe aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. The median age at transplantation was 9 years and the median follow-up was 24 months. Among the TM patients, 6 were in Pesaro risk class II and 3 in class III. The median neutrophil recovery and platelet recovery were 19 and 25 days, respectively. None of the patients had primary graft failure. At the last follow-up, 11 out of 12 patients were alive, free of disease and living normal quality of life. Most of the patients (75%) had acute GVHD grade I-II, in the skin. None of the patients had grade IV regimen-related toxicity. Six patients developed Gram-negative while two had Gram-positive bacteremia, one had probable lung aspergillosis and four developed febrile neutropenia without identifiable microbiological growth during the aplastic phase. Cytomegalovirus reactivation occurred in five patients. We lost one patient who developed severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) affecting the skin, gut and liver, who later progressed to severe chronic GVHD and severe interstitial pneumonitis. In conclusion, allogenic BMT is feasible and safe in pediatric patients with hematological disorders in Kuwait.
Design and analysis of generative models for brain machine interfaces

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF GENERATIVE MODELS FOR BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACES By Shalom Darmanjian December 2009 Chair: Jose Principe Major: Electrical And Computer Engineering Brain machine interfaces (BMIs) have the potential to restore movement to patients experiencing paralysis. Although great progress has been made towards BMIs there is still much work to be done. This dissertation addresses some of the problems associated with the signal processing side of BMIs. Since neural communication within the brain is still unknown, probabilistic modeling is argued as the best approach for BMIs. Specifically, generative models are proposed with hidden variables to help model the multiple interacting processes (both hidden and observable). Some of the advantages of the generative models over the conventional BMI signal processing algorithms are also confirmed. This includes the modeling of inhibited neurons and the ability to separate the neural input space. The partitioning of the input neural space is based on the hypothesis that animals transition between neural state structures during goal seeking. These neural structures are analogous to the motion primitives or ’movemes’, exhibited during the kinematics. This leads to a paradigm shift similar to a divide and conquer methodology but with generative models. The generative models are also used to cluster the neural input space. This is appropriate since the desired kinematic data is not available from paralyzed patients. Most BMI algorithms ignore this very important point.