Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human tuberculosis in colonial Victorian and present-day Britain

Tuberculosis (TB) (consumption) is a particularly unpleasant disease that has seen a re-emergence in Britain, especially among immigrant populations. The objective of the review was to consolidate the principal and important articles written on TB in Britain over the last six decades, including its contraction in humans. The criteria used in the current review for selecting articles were both theoretically and practically motivated and adopted from proposed criteria in The International Classifi cation of Functioning, Disability and Health for the 19 th century; 20 th century; and 21 st century. Data was classifi ed according to a normal distribution, with the 20 th century expressing the greater readership. The results show that in the 1890s people became more aware of the threat of TB-infected meat. Tuberculin was the name used to describe the 'poison' produced by the bacilli. In February 2005, the British government announced proposals to implement existing health initiatives by screening visa applicants for TB from identifi ed high-risk routes, and enforcing treatment of those positively diagnosed before being allowed entry into and stay in Britain. With increasing entry of foreign-born people into the UK it is essential that eff ective controls are established to prevent the spread of the disease. There are associations with a weakened immune system and TB, particularly amongst HIV positive individuals.
Infants' behavioral and physiological profile and mother–infant interaction

This study aims to (a) identify and profile groups of infants according to their behavioral and physiological characteristics, considering their neurobehavioral organization, social withdrawal behavior, and endocrine reactivity to stress, and to (b) analyze group differences in the quality of mother–infant interaction. Ninety-seven 8-week-old infants were examined using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and the Alarm Distress Baby Scale. Cortisol levels were measured both before and after routine inoculation between 8 and 12 weeks. At 12 to 16 weeks mother–infant interaction was assessed using the Global Rating Scales of Mother–Infant Interaction. Three groups of infants were identified: (a) “withdrawn”; (b) “extroverted”; (c) “underaroused. ” Differences between them were found regarding both infant and mother behaviors in the interaction and the overall quality of mother–infant interaction. The identification of behavioral and physiological profiles in infants is an important step in the study of developmental pathways.
[The association between IL-1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to severe periodontitis].

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between IL-1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to severe periodonitis in Chinese of the Han Nationality. METHODS DNA samples with buccal swabs were collected from 30 patients with severe adult periodontitis (AP), 20 patients with rapid progressive periodontitis (RPP) and 94 healthy control (HC) individuals. Polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene cluster were analyzed with PCR-RFLP. RESULTS It was found that the frequency of IL-1B + 3953/Taq I allele 2 was significantly higher in severe AP patients (OR = 6.8, P < 0.05) and RPP patients (OR = 9.6, P < 0.05) than in healthy controls, and the frequency of IL-1RN intron II/VNTR allele 2 was significantly higher in the group of severe AP patients (OR = 6.3, P < 0.05) than in the group of healthy controls. CONCLUSION IL-1B + 3953/Taq I allele 2 and IL-1RN nitrol IL/VNTR allele 2 are genetic indicators of susceptibility to severe AP and RPP, and both AP and RPP are genetic heterogeneous.
Dynamics of nonlinear error growth and season‐dependent predictability of El Niño events in the Zebiak–Cane model

With the intermediate‐complexity Zebiak–Cane model, we investigate the ‘spring predictability barrier’ (SPB) problem for El Niño events by tracing the evolution of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), where CNOP is superimposed on the El Niño events and acts as the initial error with the biggest negative effect on the El Niño prediction. We show that the evolution of CNOP‐type errors has obvious seasonal dependence and yields a significant SPB, with the most severe occurring in predictions made before the boreal spring in the growth phase of El Niño. The CNOP‐type errors can be classified into two types: one possessing a sea‐surface‐temperature anomaly pattern with negative anomalies in the equatorial central‐western Pacific, positive anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and a thermocline depth anomaly pattern with positive anomalies along the Equator, and another with patterns almost opposite to those of the former type. In predictions through the spring in the growth phase of El Niño, the initial error with the worst effect on the prediction tends to be the latter type of CNOP error, whereas in predictions through the spring in the decaying phase, the initial error with the biggest negative effect on the prediction is inclined to be the former type of CNOP error. Although the linear singular vector (LSV)‐type errors also have patterns similar to the CNOP‐type errors, they cover a more localized area than the CNOP‐type errors and cause a much smaller prediction error, yielding a less significant SPB. Random errors in the initial conditions are also superimposed on El Niño events to investigate the SPB. We find that, whenever the predictions start, the random errors neither exhibit an obvious season‐dependent evolution nor yield a large prediction error, and thus may not be responsible for the SPB phenomenon for El Niño events. These results suggest that the occurrence of the SPB is closely related to particular initial error patterns. The two kinds of CNOP‐type error are most likely to cause a significant SPB. They have opposite signs and, consequently, opposite growth behaviours, a result which may demonstrate two dynamical mechanisms of error growth related to SPB: in one case, the errors grow in a manner similar to El Niño; in the other, the errors develop with a tendency opposite to El Niño. The two types of CNOP error may be most likely to provide the information regarding the ‘sensitive area’ of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions. If these types of initial error exist in realistic ENSO predictions and if a target method or a data assimilation approach can filter them, the ENSO forecast skill may be improved. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Feeding Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. soybean products: effects on disease resistance (furunculosis), and lysozyme and IgM levels in the intestinal mucosa.

Two trials were initiated to investigate the consequences of including various soybean products in diets for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. on (1) mortality following infection by Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida during a cohabitation challenge, and (2) the lysozyme and IgM content of the intestinal mucosa. Groups of salmon were fed control diets containing fishmeal as the sole protein source (Contr1 and Contr2, respectively), soy concentrate-containing diets (SoyConc1 and SoyConc2, respectively), or diets containing either solvent-extracted soybean meal (SoyMeal, trial 1) or soybean molasses (SoyMol, trial 2), an alcohol extract of soybean meal. Both SoyMeal and SoyMol caused enteritis-like changes in the distal intestine, which were not observed in fish fed the Contr1, Contr2, SoyConc1, or SoyConc2 diets. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in mortality between feeding groups following the A.s. salmonicida challenge: these differences were greatest in fish fed SoyMeal (65.6%), least in fish fed SoyConc1 (60.5%), and intermediate in the fish fed the Contr1 diet (62.9%). The SoyMol diet caused significantly (P < 0.0001) increased levels of both lysozyme and IgM in the mid and distal intestinal mucosa. It is concluded that components of soybean meal and soybean molasses cause an inflammatory response in the distal intestine that may lead to increased susceptibility to furunculosis.
Instrument Development for Organisational Health

This study establishes the factors influencing Organisational Health (OH), leading to the development of an empirical measurement instrument. Despite the fact that a few firms have understood the significance of measuring health, they mostly do not know precisely what to measure, because of an absence of understanding of what constitutes a set of organisational health dimensions. This study used a mixed method through literature review, expert opinion and a quantitative pilot survey with 123 supervisory staff from a telecommunication company in India. The instrument was further tested for standardisation in Malaysia, Bangladesh and Indonesia. The study identified an OH measurement model consisting three constructs such as Change Capacity, Goal Alignment and Competitive Advantage. There are 29 items which collectively influence the degree of OH in an Organisation. By proposing, creating, and validating a multi-dimensional, operational measure of the organisational health, and by showing its viability in enhancing organisational performance, the present study gives practitioners a handy instrument for assessing the extensiveness of their current OH initiatives. The experts while interacting for the study expressed a uniform opinion regarding the OH constructs and its factors. We believe that developing an objective measurement instrument for organisational health is a significant contribution to the body of knowledge.
Use of different approach in finding catch effort relationship in hook and line fishery in Kombuthurai village of Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu

Kombuthurai has been described as a fishing village in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu which has gained immense importance by practicing sustainable fishing practices. In Kombuthurai village during 2009-2013, catch per unit effort (CPUE) has varied from 0.20 tonnes to the maximum of 0.25 tonnes during this period. It is interesting to know that despite the range of effort varying from 1598hrs to 1720hrs, the catch remained in the range of 347.4 tonnes to a maximum of 430.8tonnes. The influence of various variables (latitude, longitude, distance, depth, seasons, years and fishing gear type) on CPUE was studied by General Linear Model (GLM) and Generalized Linear Model (GLMs). Normal distribution with identity link function and a gamma distribution with log link function were used in GLMs. The variables that were found to be significant in both of the models and distributions are year and season. GLM model was good fit with R2 ranging from 67.60% to a high of 91.7%. The low and high abundance of CPUE were categorized taking the below and above average CPUE. A binary logistic regression model was used between the CPUE abundance and with above mentioned independent variables. The binary logistic regression model explained 75.4% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in high CPUE abundance and correctly classified 88% of cases. The independent variable such as latitude, longitude, depth, and distance added significantly to the model, but the year, season and hooks did not add significantly to the model.
Do Stock Prices Fully Reflect Information in Accruals and Cash Flows About Future Earnings

This paper investigates whether stock prices reflect information about future earnings contained in the accrual and cash flow components of current earnings. The extent to which current earnings performance persists into the future is shown to depend on the relative magnitudes of the cash and accrual components of current earnings. However, stock prices are found to act as if investors "fixate" on earnings, failing to fully reflect information in the accrual and cash flow components of current earnings until it impacts future earnings.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN FAMILIES MYRTACEAE IN TRIPA PEAT SWAMP FOREST USING INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER (ITS)

The Tripa peat swamp forest is located on the west coast of Aceh province and falls administratively under the two districts of Nagan Raya and Aceh Barat Daya. Tripa peat swamp forest has a high diversity of plants. The previous research discovered that Myrtaceae is one of the dominant families in the forest. This study aimed to predict phylogenetic relationships among trees species within families Myrtaceae that live in the Tripa peat swamp forest using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). The research was conducted at Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Molecular Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, IPB from June 2015 to December 2016. The methods were conducted with an experimental laboratory of molecular identification consisting of DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing. Data was analyze using BioEdit, Clustal X, Mega 6, and BLAST. The morphology identification reported that there were four trees species within families Myrtaceae, i.e., Syzygium sp 1, Syzygium garciniifolium, Syzygium leptostemon and Tristaniopsis whiteana. Reconstruction of phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method 1000x showed that the ITS region was successfully to predict phylogenetic relationships within genus Syzygium and Tristaniopsis.Keywords: tripa peat swamp forest, tree species, phylogenetic, myrtaceae, internal transcribed spacer
Polymorphism of tumor suppressor gene (p53) Codon 72 in Iraqi patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objectives According to previous studies, the aim of the presented work is to investigate the possible association between the codon 72 polymorphism (Pro72Arg, rs1042522) of the tumor suppressor gene (p53) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Iraqi patients of Karbala province. Methods A total of 58 smokers and non-smokers patients with AMI diagnosed by clinical history, electrocardiography and troponin I level and another 35 healthy controls were included in this study. The (Pro72Arg) polymorphism of the p53 gene was evaluated by molecular techniques. Results The genotype distribution for the Pro72Arg variant of the p53 gene in AMI non-smokers patients (PP: n = 9, 47.4%; RP: n = 2, 10.5%; RR: n = 8, 42.1%) and controls (PP: n = 9, 50.0%; RP: n = 9, 50.0%; RR: n = 0, 0.0%) was significantly different (p = 0.002). and the genotype distribution for the Pro72Arg variant of the p53 gene in AMI smokers patients (PP: n = 20, 51.3%; RP: n = 1, 2.6%; RR: n = 18, 46.2%) and controls (PP: n = 14, 82.4%; RP: n = 2, 11.8%; RR: n = 1, 5.9%) was significantly different (p = 0.009). Conclusion These findings suggest that the Pro72Arg polymorphism of tumor suppressor p53 gene is associated with AMI patient studies.
MEASURING THE CHRONOTYPE IN POLISH POPULATION

Chronotype is an attribute connected with an individual, preferred pattern of circadian activity on the continuum of morningness-eveningness. It mirrors the inter-individual differences in the course of circadian rhythms [1, 2]. The studies indicate its connections with sleep-wake cycle, i.e.: time of sleep onset, wake up time and duration of sleep [3, 4]. Two methods of describing human chronotypes are considered in this paper: a subjective – questionnaire method and an objective method – actigraphy that measures the gross motor activity. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between results of Polish adaptation of Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire [5] and circadian activity measured with actigraphs in order to compare and evaluate the usefulness of both methods in chronotype related studies. Also, the purpose was to assess the relation between chronotype and socio-demographic factors such as sex, age and education in Polish population. The research group included 150 healthy volunteers of genders, 75 women and 75 men. The age of the respondents fell between 19 and 60 years old (34.25±12.13 EX±SD). The obtained results confirmed the usefulness of actigraphy in chronotype related studies. Also they confirmed modulation of chronotype with age and revealed differences in circadian activity between men and women.
Optimization Frictions in the Choice of the UK Flat Rate Scheme of VAT

UK VAT offers an optional Flat Rate Scheme (FRS) for small businesses to reduce compliance costs. FRS replaces VAT with a turnover tax and creates tax saving opportunities for some traders. Using the universe of VAT returns between 2004-05 and 2010-11 financial years I find 26 percent of eligible VAT traders gain from FRS but only 3 percent join the scheme subsequently. This is despite high persistence and non-negligible size of FRS gains. FRS gainers who remain on VAT in the following year, have 70 percent probability of being an FRS gainer and the median gainer continue to save 10 percent on VAT payments upon joining. I use date of VAT registration and registered postcode district of traders to show traders registering later and those registering in high FRS regions are more likely to join FRS. These patterns favor broadly defined information frictions as potential hurdles for joining FRS.
The relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the impact of the elements of the emotional intelligence on the organizational citizenship behavior in Pegah companies in Iran. Method: The study used the original questionnaires developed by Organ (1980) for organizational citizenship behavior and the scale of emotional intelligence developed by Bradberry and Graves. Data analyzed using SPSS by calculating correlation coefficients between the variables. Results: Results showed that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior in Pegah Company. Also results indicated that there are significant and positive relationship between the components of the emotional intelligence (selfawareness, self-regulation, social skill, empathy and motivation) and organizational citizenship behavior.
Stability and Asymptotic Behavior of Transonic Flows Past Wedges for the Full Euler Equations

The existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic behavior of steady transonic flows past a curved wedge, involving transonic shocks, governed by the two-dimensional full Euler equations are established. The stability of both weak and strong transonic shocks under the perturbation of both the upstream supersonic flow and the wedge boundary is proved. The problem is formulated as a one-phase free boundary problem, in which the transonic shock is treated as a free boundary. The full Euler equations are decomposed into two algebraic equations and a first-order elliptic system of two equations in Lagrangian coordinates. With careful elliptic estimates by using appropriate weighted H\"older norms, the iteration map is defined and analyzed, and the existence of its fixed point is established by performing the Schauder fixed point argument. The careful analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the solutions reveals particular characters of the full Euler equations.
Role of Self-Efficacy and General Mental Ability in Mathematical Problem-Solving: A Path Analysis.

MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. *Affective Behavior; High Schools; *High School Students; *Mathematics Achievement; Mathematics Anxiety; Mathematics Education; Path Analysis; *Self Efficacy; *Student Attitudes; *Student Motivation According to social cognitive theorists, people's judgments of their own capabilities to accomplish specific tasks strongly influence human motivation and behavior. Path analysis was used to test the influence of math self-efficacy and general mental ability on the math problem-solving performance of 329 high school students. A model that also included math anxiety, gender, and math background accounted for 61% of the variance in performance. Ability and self-efficacy had strong direct effects on performance. Ability also had a strong direct effect on self-efficacy, which largely mediated the indirect effect of ability and background on performance. Self-efficacy had a strong direct effect on anxiety, which, in turn, had a weak direct effect on performance. Although girls and boys did not differ in ability, self-efficacy, or performance, girls reported higher anxiety. Most students were overconfident about their mathematics capability. Results support the hypothes_zed role of self-efficacy in Bandura's (1986) social cognitive theory. Contains 51 references. (Author/MKR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made 1. : from the original document. * Math Self-Efficacy I Running Head: MATH SELF-EFFICACY Role of Self-efficacy and General Mental Ability In Mathematical Problem-solving: A Path Analysis Frank Pajares Emory University John Kranz ler University of Florida Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, 1995 Session 37.24 Please address correspondence to: Prof. Frank Pajares Educational Studies Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322 ft_ Tel: 404-727-1775 BEST COPY AVAILABLE /. C1) Fax: 404-727-2799 Email: mpajarcPunix.cc. emory.edu S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION . Aesearcn and In4yOveme 11,1AT. NA, NE SC-MACES INFoRMATION F IF P tEmr, . GOO" rAproduce<1 Al ['WSW, or monzalion at ng . 1 ge5 tyP nee, merle lo oroprOve 11,. 1.r. tom, rionh.ly to, o. to+. to ouoo,SSIld nIMS dock, 1. ,er,P.13/1,,y 0.CW f utoI y i F PIMI! ,;( IN 1() FF PHODLI(.1 .1A 1J HIM ViA, f CBANTF 1) BY Kiltk:kw ,1 I A III It.1 AI ! , 1,11 ' It IN 111 Math Self-Efficacy 2
The non-alignment of espoused theories of action to theories-in-use : sociocultural hurdles to provision of equitable educational opportunity for pregnant learners at South African conventional schools

On attainment of democracy, South Africa ratified several international conventions such as UN Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) Education for All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), which all among other objectives, seek to attain gender equality in education. This study investigated how, despite their formal access to schooling, pregnant learners at two high schools in Vhembe district of South Africa faced challenges in actively participation in schooling. The study used key participant and focus group interviews to gather the views of 6 pregnant learners enrolled at two formal schools, 12 mainstream learners, and 12 teachers on the participation of pregnant learners in school curriculum activities. The study revealed that although the country's bill of rights and the education policy on the management of pregnancy in schools created prospects for equal educational provision for pregnant teenagers in South Africa, on the ground, there were conservative socio-cultural beliefs, values and norms that militated against pregnant teenagers' full educational participation and opportunity. The study therefore concluded that there is a split between official policy and practice, or espoused theories of action and the actual theories-in-use which negatively impacted on equal educational opportunity for enrolled pregnant learners in South African formal schools.