Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Determinants of Inflation in India: The Bounds Test Analysis

India is facing a fast rise in the general price level for the last couple of years. This paper seeks to empirically examine the sources of inflation in India both in the long-run and in the short-run by using the co-integration method developed by Pesaran et al. (2000). The empirical findings suggests that in the long-run money supply (MS), depreciation of the rupee and supply bottlenecks puts a pressure on the domestic price level by causing inflation to rise in the country. The analysis reveals that in the long-run domestic factors as monetary growth and supply bottlenecks dominates the external factors for a rise in the domestic prices in the economy. The short-run analysis also reveals that domestic factor MS and supply bottlenecks dominate the external factor as a measure cause for a persistent rise in the price level in the country. The supply bottlenecks are though a significant factor in the short-run, but its importance in the long-run is relatively small
Including feed intake data from U.S. Holsteins in genomic prediction

1 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg.005, Room 306, BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705,USA paul.vanraden@ars.usda. gov (Corresponding Author) 2 University of Maryland Baltimore, 655 W Baltimore S, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA 3 Michigan State University, Department of Animal Science, 1290 Anthony Hall, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA 4 University of Wisconsin, Department of Dairy Science, 1675 Observatory Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Systems Analysis of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiles Identifies Novel Regulation of Fibrotic Programs by miRNAs in Pulmonary Fibrosis Fibroblasts

Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts are the key effector cells responsible for excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and fibrosis progression in both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) patient lungs, thus it is critical to understand the transcriptomic and proteomic programs underlying their fibrogenic activity. We conducted the first integrative analysis of the fibrotic programming in these cells at the levels of gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression, as well as deposited ECM protein to gain insights into how fibrotic transcriptional programs culminate in aberrant ECM protein production/deposition. We identified messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNA, and deposited matrisome protein signatures for IPF and SSc fibroblasts obtained from lung transplants using next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry. SSc and IPF fibroblast transcriptional signatures were remarkably similar, with enrichment of WNT, TGF-β, and ECM genes. miRNA-seq identified differentially regulated miRNAs, including downregulation of miR-29b-3p, miR-138-5p and miR-146b-5p in disease fibroblasts and transfection of their mimics decreased expression of distinct sets of fibrotic signature genes as assessed using a Nanostring fibrosis panel. Finally, proteomic analyses uncovered a distinct “fibrotic” matrisome profile deposited by IPF and SSc fibroblasts compared to controls that highlights the dysregulated ECM production underlying their fibrogenic activities. Our comprehensive analyses of mRNA, miRNA, and matrisome proteomic profiles in IPF and SSc lung fibroblasts revealed robust fibrotic signatures at both the gene and protein expression levels and identified novel fibrogenesis-associated miRNAs whose aberrant downregulation in disease fibroblasts likely contributes to their fibrotic and ECM gene expression.
Two distinct profiles of fMRI and neurophysiological activity elicited by acetylcholine in visual cortex

Significance fMRI changes are typically assumed to be due to changes in neural activity, although whether this remains valid under the influence of neuromodulators is relatively unknown. Here, we found evidence that intracortical acetylcholine elicits distinct profiles of fMRI and electrophysiological activity in visual cortex. Two patterns of cholinergic activity were observed, depending on the distance to the injection site, although neurovascular coupling was preserved. Our results illustrate the effects of neuromodulators on fMRI and electrophysiological responses and show that these depend on neuromodulator concentration and kinetics. Cholinergic neuromodulation is involved in all aspects of sensory processing and is crucial for processes such as attention, learning and memory, etc. However, despite the known roles of acetylcholine (ACh), we still do not how to disentangle ACh contributions from sensory or task-evoked changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we investigated the effects of local injection of ACh on fMRI and neural signals in the primary visual cortex (V1) of anesthetized macaques by combining pharmaco-based MRI (phMRI) with electrophysiological recordings, using single electrodes and electrode arrays. We found that local injection of ACh elicited two distinct profiles of fMRI and neurophysiological activity, depending on the distance from the injector. Near the injection site, we observed an increase in the baseline blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses, while their visual modulation decreased. In contrast, further from the injection site, we observed an increase in the visually induced BOLD and CBF modulation without changes in baseline. Neurophysiological recordings suggest that the spatial correspondence between fMRI responses and neural activity does not change in the gamma, high-gamma, and multiunit activity (MUA) bands. The results near the injection site suggest increased inhibitory drive and decreased metabolism, contrasting to the far region. These changes are thought to reflect the kinetics of ACh and its metabolism to choline.
Aerodynamic Properties of Makhobeli, Triticale and Wheat Seeds

Abstract The objective of this study was the evaluation of the aerodynamic properties of Makhobeli, triticale and wheat seeds as a function of moisture content from 7 to 27% (w.b). The results showed that the terminal velocity of triticale and wheat seeds increased linearly from 5.37 to 6.42 and from 6.31 to 8.02 m s-1, respectively, as the moisture content increased from 7 to 27%. Over this same moisture content range, the terminal velocity of Makhobeli seeds varied following a polynomial relationship from 4.52 to 5.07 m s-1. Makhobeli seeds had terminal velocities with a mean value of 4.73 m s-1, at different moisture contents, compared to the mean values of 5.89 and 7.13 m s-1 for triticale and wheat seeds, respectively. The mean value of drag coefficient was 1.12 for Makhobeli compared to the values of 0.92 and 0.85 for triticale and wheat, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between the terminal velocity (at 1 % probability level) and drag coefficient (at 5% probability level) of Mak-hobeli with triticale and wheat seeds, which suggests that aerodynamic separation of Makhobeli from triticale and wheat is possible.
Phylogenetic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus identified at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. Phylogenetic analysis for RSV in Malaysia has not been reported before. We investigated the genetic features of RSV in respiratory specimens from March to August 2011 with molecular methods. From a total of 130 throat swab and nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens, 54 (41.5%) were positive with RSV, identified by in-house real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. Thirty-four out of 54 (63.0%) RSV positive patients were children below two years old and two (1.4%) were adults. Phylogenetic analysis showed 39 isolates were genotype GA5, 13 genotypes GA2, one genotype GA1 and one genotype GA7. The findings indicated four genotypes of RSV circulating in the country and the predominant genotype is GA5.
Management, treatment outcome and cost of epilepsy in a tertiary health care facility in northern Nigeria

This study aimed at reviewing the management and treatment outcome, and evaluating economic burden of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna (ABUTH). It was a retrospective study involving use of patients’ medical records. Data retrieved from the medical records included demographics, clinic attendance, laboratory investigations, type of seizure diagnosed, effect of seizure on social life, medication use and treatment outcome. Cost of medications for patients who adhered to their therapy consistently between November 2003 and October 2004 was calculated. Data analysis was by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 16. Epilepsy had negative effects on education and marital life of patients in this study. More than half (59.3%) of the patients were diagnosed as having generalized seizure disorder. Carbamazepine was the most commonly prescribed medication (91.2%). Patients who were less than 2 years of registration in the facility had the highest percentage of those who were not regular in their clinic attendance 2 (64.7%) and low remission rate (9.8%). Chi-square analysis showed that adherence to medications had a significant effect (p 0.05) on attainment of oneyear remission. Average annual cost of AEDs was Nigerian Naira 30, 986.67 ($258.2). There was a strong correlation between clinic attendance and cost of AEDs (r = 0.454, p = 0.006) as cost of AEDs increased with increased in clinic attendance. Correlation analysis (p < 0.05, r = 0.358) also showed that cost of AEDs used by the patients reduced with increased in years since registration at this healthcare facility. Cost of AEDs did not depend on seizure type but increased with increase in clinic attendance and decreased with increase in years since registration in the healthcare facility. KEY WORDS : Epilepsy; Cost; Management; AEDs; Remission
The 400d Galaxy Cluster Survey weak lensing programme - III. Evidence for consistent WL and X-ray masses at z ≈ 0.5

Context. Scaling properties of galaxy cluster observables with cluster mass provide central insights into the processes shaping clusters. Calibrating proxies for cluster mass that are relatively cheap to observe will moreover be crucial to harvest the cosmological information available from the number and growth of clusters with upcoming surveys like eROSITA and Euclid. The recent Planck results led to suggestions that X-ray masses might be biased low by 40%, more than previously considered. Aims. We aim to extend knowledge of the weak lensing ‐ X-ray mass scaling towards lower masses (as low as 1 10 14 M ) in a sample representative of the z 0:4‐0:5 population. Thus, we extend the direct calibration of cluster mass estimates to higher redshifts. Methods. We investigate the scaling behaviour of MMT/Megacam weak lensing (WL) masses for 8 clusters at 0:39 z 0:80 as part of the 400d WL programme with hydrostatic Chandra X-ray masses as well as those based on the proxies, e.g. YX = TXMgas. Results. Overall, we find good agreement between WL and X-ray masses, with di erent mass bias estimators all consistent with zero. When subdividing the sample into a low-mass and a high-mass subsample, we find the high-mass subsample to show no significant mass bias while for the low-mass subsample, there is a bias towards overestimated X-ray masses at the 2 level for some mass proxies. The overall scatter in the mass-mass scaling relations is surprisingly low. Investigating possible causes, we find that neither the greater range in WL than in X-ray masses nor the small scatter can be traced back to the parameter settings in the WL analysis. Conclusions. We do not find evidence for a strong ( 40%) underestimate in the X-ray masses, as suggested to reconcile recent Planck cluster counts and cosmological constraints. For high-mass clusters, our measurements are consistent with other studies in the literature. The mass dependent bias, significant at 2 , may hint at a physically di erent cluster population (less relaxed clusters with more substructure and mergers); or it may be due to small number statistics. Further studies of low-mass high-z lensing clusters will elucidate their mass scaling behaviour.
Conception of the cognitive engineering design problem

ion equivalent to the levels at which goals are identi® ed in the domain. Hence a complete description of the behaviours of an authoring worksystem, for example, must describe not only the keystroke level behaviours relating to the goal of manipulating characters on a page, but it must also describe the abstract behaviours of composition that relate to the goals of creating prose intended to convey meaning. Traditional task analyses describe normative task performance in terms of temporal sequences of overt user behaviours. Such descriptions cannot capture the variability in the tasks of users who work in complex, open domains. Here, user behaviour will be strongly determined by the initial conditions in the domain and by disturbances from external sources (Vicente 1990). In complex domains, the same task can be performed with the same degree of eŒectiveness in quite diŒerent ways. Traditional task analyses cannot explain the `intelligence’ in behaviour because they do not have recourse to a description of the abstract and mental behaviours that are expressed in physical behaviours. The hierarchy of worksystem behaviours is distributed over the agents and tools of the worksystem (i.e. its structures). It is de ® nitional of systems (being `greater than the sum of their parts’ ) that they are composed from sub-systems where `the several components of any complex system will perform particular sub-functions that contribute to the overall function’ (Simon 1969: 148). The functional relations, or `mutual in ̄ uence’ (Ashby 1956), between the agents and between the agents and tools of the worksystem are interactions between behaviours. These interactions fundamentally determine the overall worksystem behaviours, rather than the behaviours of individual agents and tools alone. The user interface is the combination of structures of agents and tools supporting speci® c interacting behaviours (Card et al. 1983). Norman (1986) explains that the technological structures of the user interface are changed through design, while the user cognitive structures of the user interface are changed through experience and training. 2.5. Costs of cognitive work Work performed by the worksystem will always incur resource costs that may be structural or behavioural. Structural costs will always occur in providing the structures of the worksystem. Behavioural costs will always occur in using structures to perform work. 133 Peer commentary
A new method for large-eddy simulations of clouds with Lagrangian droplets including the effects of turbulent collision

In this paper, a new Lagrangian cloud model (LCM) is introduced in which the flow field is simulated by large-eddy simulation, and the droplets are treated as Lagrangian particles responding to the simulated flow field. In order to handle the extremely large number of droplets within a cloud, the concept of a super-droplet, which represents a large number of real droplets of the same size, is introduced, and the number of contributing real droplets is called the weighting factor. A novel method is developed to realize the collision/coalescence of droplets, in which the consequent variation of the droplet spectrum is represented in terms of the modification of the radius and weighting factor of super-droplets, while keeping the number of super-droplets unchanged. Using an idealized single cloud and trade wind cumuli, the LCM is shown to reproduce the general features of shallow cumulus clouds in agreement with traditional bulk models. The droplet spectrum simulated by the LCM, using collision kernels with and without the effects of turbulence, also shows a pattern consistent with the spectral bin model. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the LCM to two model parameters, the time step and the number of super-droplets, is examined. 3 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. New Journal of Physics 14 (2012) 065008 1367-2630/12/065008+27$33.00 © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
Sperm DNA fragmentation index does not correlate with the sperm or embryo aneuploidy rate in recurrent miscarriage or implantation failure patients.

BACKGROUND The aneuploidy rate is higher in poor-quality sperm samples, which also have higher DNA fragmentation index values. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation in samples from infertile men belonging to couples with recurrent miscarriage or implantation failure and the aneuploidy rate in spermatozoa as well as in embryos from patients. METHODS This prospective study evaluated DNA damage and the aneuploidy rate in fresh and processed (density gradient centrifugation) ejaculated sperm as well as the aneuploidy rate in biopsied embryos from fertility cycles. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for the aneuploidy analysis. Results were compared using linear regression and analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 154 embryos were evaluated from 38 patients undergoing PGD cycles; 35.2% of the embryos were chromosomally normal. Analysis of the same sperm samples showed an increased DNA fragmentation after sperm preparation in 76% of the patients. There was no correlation between DNA fragmentation and the aneuploidy rate in embryos or in fresh or processed sperm samples. CONCLUSIONS Sperm DNA fragmentation is not related to chromosomal anomalies in embryos from patients with recurrent miscarriage or implantation failure. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that a relationship between DNA fragmentation and aneuploidy exists for other causes of infertility. Furthermore, the different methods used to evaluate DNA fragmentation may produce different results.
Properties of galactic B[e] supergiants. IV. Hen 3-298 and Hen 3-303

We present the results of optical and near-IR spectroscopic and near-IR photometric observations of the emission-line stars Hen3–298 and Hen3–303. Strong emission in the Ha line is found in both objects. The presence of Fe II and [O I] emission lines in the spectrum of Hen3–298 indicates that it is a B[e] star. The double-peaked CO line profiles, found in the infrared spectrum of Hen3–298, along with the optical line profiles suggest that the star is surrounded by a rotating circumstellar disc. Both objects also show infrared excesses, similar to those of B[e] stars. The radial velocities of the absorption and emission lines as well as a high reddening level suggest that the objects are located in the Norma spiral arm at a distance of 3–4.5 kpc. We estimated a luminosity of log L/L? 5.1 and a spectral type of no earlier than B3 for Hen 3–298. Hen3–303 seems to be a less luminous B-type object (log L/L? 4.3), located in the same spiral arm.
Extrusion of aluminium hollow pipes:seam weld quality assessment via numerical simulation

The continuous extrusion of an aluminium alloy for hollow tubes production was investigated by numerical simulations. A variety of model runs were carried out exploring different combinations of die geometries and extrusion speeds. The primary objective of this work was to compare different criteria for evaluating the quality of longitudinal seam welds. The results of the numerical experiments show that the currently used quality indices, based on the integration of some characteristic variables across the welding surface are significantly affected by the extension of the dead flow zones. As a result, they do not behave coherently with respect to changes in shapes of the mandrel legs. The use of a novel Lagrangian approach in the estimation of the quality indices - based on the integration of the variables along the actual welding paths - leads to a more consistent behavior of the parameters with respect to both the extrusion velocity and the front leg shape. In this study we also show that the Lagrangian parameters can be applied to get a deeper insight into the quality of the extruded products, like the seam weld quality along the tube thickness. Further research is needed to investigate the relation between the Lagrangian quality indices and the microstructure of the material.
FLOW-R, A MODEL FOR DEBRIS FLOW SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING AT A REGIONAL SCALE - SOME CASE STUDIES

Every year, debris flows cause huge damage in mountainous areas. Due to population pressure in hazardous zones, the socio-economic impact is much higher than in the past. Therefore, the devel- opment of indicative susceptibility hazard maps is of primary importance, particularly in developing countries. However, the complexity of the phenom- enon and the variability of local controlling factors limit the use of processbased models for a first as - sessment. A debris flow model has been developed for regional susceptibility assessments using digital elevation model (DEM) with a GIS-based approach. The automatic identification of source areas and the estimation of debris flow spreading, based on GIS tools, provide a substantial basis for a preliminary susceptibility assessment at a regional scale. One of the main advantages of this model is its workability. In fact, everything is open to the user, from the data choice to the selection of the algorithms and their parameters. The Flow-R model was tested in three different contexts: two in Switzerland and one in Pa- kistan, for indicative susceptibility hazard mapping. It was shown that the quality of the DEM is the most important parameter to obtain reliable results for propagation, but also to identify the potential debris flows sources.
Effect of thermal processing on optical and electrical properties of copper selenide thin films

We report on the structural, optical and electrical properties of thin films of copper selenide obtained from chemical bath deposition and the changes brought about in these properties during thermal treatment at 200oC – 400oC in air and vacuum. CuSe thin films deposited using N,N-dimethylselenourea transform to Cu 2-xSe during vacuum annealing at 400oC, where as, the composition of chemically deposited Cu 1.85Se films obtained using sodium selenosulfate remains practically stable during such annealing. The high near infrared reflectance (30-80%) and low transmittance of the films are related to a high p-type electrical conductivity ~ (1-5)x10 3 W -1 cm -1 of these films. A theoretical analysis of experimental transmittance and reflectance curves is made, based on free carrier optical absorption. Thermal processing of Cu2-xSe-In and CuSe-In films, with vacuum evaporated In film (20 – 40 nm) results in partial conversion of the films to CuxInySez. Applications of the films in automotive window coatings and photovoltaic conversion are suggested.