Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Hemostatic Agents Using Thrombelastography

Hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of death in civilian and military trauma. Thrombelastography (TEG) quantitatively measures the viscoelastic changes of whole blood during clotting, from the beginning of coagulation to the end with fibrinolysis. In this study, we successfully developedand used a TEG method to compare a well-known Chinese herb medicine (i.e., Yunnan Baiyao) for hemorrhage control with other commercial hemostatic products (e.g., CeloxTM and QuikClotTM) and chitosan in the form of dry powder or dispersion. When tested in the powder form, the herbal material outperformed CeloxTM as indicated by all three TEG parameters (i.e., reaction time R, clot formation rate α and maximum clot strength MA), and was comparable with QuikClotTM, but showed no exothermic effects. When tested in the dispersion form, which may be easier to use (as a spray) than in the powder form, the herbal material provided better hemostasis than the other materials, where the coagulation actions of the latter were reduced in the dispersion form. In addition, comparison among CeloxTM and various types of chitosan showed the effects of physical and chemical properties of the chitosan-based biomaterials on hemostasis. The hemostatic mechanisms of these agents and their potential benefitsas an inexpensive, safe, and easily available material for hemorrhage control are discussed.
IAX: Inter-Asterisk eXchange Version 2

This document describes the Inter-Asterisk eXchange protocol, Version 2, (IAX2) an application-layer control and media protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. IAX2 was developed by the open source community for the Asterisk PBX and is targeted primarily at Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call control, but it can be used with streaming video or any other type of multimedia. IAX2 is an "all in one" protocol for handling multimedia in IP networks. It combines both control and media services in the same protocol. In addition, IAX2 uses a single UDP data stream on a static port greatly simplifying Network Address Translation (NAT) gateway traversal, eliminating the need for other protocols to work around NAT, and simplifying network and firewall management. IAX2 employs a compact encoding which decreases bandwidth usage and is well suited for Internet telephony service. In addition, its open nature permits new payload types additions needed to support additional services.
Improving vaccine delivery using novel adjuvant systems

Adjuvants have been common additions to vaccines to help facilitate vaccine delivery. With advancements in vaccine technology, several adjuvants which activate immune specific responses have emerged. Available data show these adjuvants elicit important immune responses in both healthy and immunocompromised populations, as well as the elderly. Guidelines for the use and licensure of vaccine adjuvants remain under discussion. However, there is a greater understanding of the innate and adaptive immune response, and the realization of the need for immune specific adjuvants appears to be growing. This is a focused review of four adjuvants currently in clinical trial development: ASO4, ASO2A, CPG 7907, and GM-CSF. The vaccines including these adjuvants are highly relevant today, and are expected to reduce the disease burden of cervical cancer, hepatitis B, and malaria.
Is fertility falling in Zimbabwe?

Summary With an unequalled contraceptive prevalence rate in sub-Saharan Africa, of 43% among currently married women in Zimbabwe, the Central Statistical Office (1989) observed that fertility has declined sharply in recent years. Using data from several surveys on Zimbabwe, especially the birth histories of the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines fertility trends in Zimbabwe. The results show that the fertility decline in Zimbabwe is modest and that the decline is concentrated among high order births. Multivariate analysis did not show a statistically significant effect of contraception on fertility, partly because a high proportion of Zimbabwean women in the reproductive age group never use contraception due to prevailing pronatalist attitudes in the country.
Maximal holonomy of infra-nilmanifolds with 2-dimensional quaternionic Heisenberg geometry

Let H 4n-1 (H) be the quaternionic Heisenberg group of real dimension 4n - 1 and let In denote the maximal order of the holonomy groups of all infra-nilmanifolds with H 4n-1 (H)-geometry. We prove that I 2 = 48. As an application, by applying Kim and Parker's result, we obtain that the minimum volume of a 2-dimensional quaternionic hyperbolic manifold with k cusps is at least √2k/720.
Development and a Pilot Test of an Internet-Based Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program for Korean Male Workers With Metabolic Syndrome

An Internet-based, Best Exerciser Super Trainer program for risk reduction among Korean male workers with metabolic syndrome was developed, and a pilot test was conducted. The Best Exerciser Super Trainer program was designed to be delivered via the Internet to promote the initiation and maintenance of behavioral lifestyle modification using a transtheoretical model. Stage-matched psychobehavioral strategies were derived from the main constructs of a transtheoretical model and matched to each individual’s stage of readiness for physical activity/weight control using the cardiovascular risk assessment. A simulated version of Best Exerciser Super Trainer was evaluated by an expert group (n = 8). Eighteen male workers participated in an 8-week pilot test of the program. The Best Exerciser Super Trainer Web site consisted of an introduction, main, and administrator components. A majority of the expert group (87.5%) either strongly agreed or agreed with the contents on the Web site. Significant changes in cardiovascular disease risk reduction over the study period among the participants included decreased cardiovascular risk (−2.4%), waist circumference (−2.9 cm), diastolic blood pressure (−9.9 mm Hg), and fasting plasma glucose (−16.7 mg/dL). The findings of this pilot study provide evidence that the Best Exerciser Super Trainer program may be useful for conducting Web surveys and delivering an intervention.
Perivascular myoid tumors of the oral region: a clinicopathologic re-evaluation of 35 cases.

BACKGROUND Myopericytoma (MPC) is a generic denomination to describe tumors showing differentiation toward perivascular myoid cells /myopericytes. It has been suggested that MPC forms a morphologic continuum with glomus tumor (GT), solitary myofibroma (SMF), and angioleiomyoma (ALM). This proposed relationship has not yet been assessed in the oral region. METHODS We reviewed our 28-year experience with 35 oral tumors, originally diagnosed as ALM (n = 28), SMF (n = 4), GT (n = 2), and MPC (n = 1) to analyze their overlapping microscopic features, with the assistance of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Myopericytoma showed a wide range of growth patterns; concentric perivascular whorls, hemangiopericytomatous areas, glomangiopericytoma (GPC)-type vessels and leiomyomatous foci. Intravascular growth was also seen. Among 28 cases studied, three ALM were reclassified as MPC (n = 2) and SMF (n = 1), based on the present diagnostic criteria. Additional MPC-type components, at varying degrees, were similarly found in four ALM and three SMF, at least focally. One GT featured intravascular whorls of spindle cells. These four interrelated groups of tumors had in common GPC-type vasculature and intraluminal cellular proliferation was nearly ubiquitously present. Diffuse immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin and less staining intensity of muscle-specific actin were observed in all tumors. Only ALM displayed desmin positivity of variable extent. Neither case tested expressed CD34. CONCLUSIONS Our data matches with the recent results in extraoral sites that MPC, GT, SMF, and ALM exhibit histologic and immunohistochemical overlap with each other. A common perivascular myoid differentiation between these tumor types is further reinforced by the present oral series.
The effects of hybridization on the small-scale variation in seed-bank composition of a rare plant species, Erica ciliaris L.

Abstract The size and composition of the seed bank of a rare species (Erica ciliaris L.) was analysed. E. ciliaris hybridizes with a common relative in southern England (Erica tetralix). The seed banks of these co-occurring species were measured at a number of sites with a range of vegetation types and different management histories. Additional sets of samples were taken from forestry plantations on former heathland sites, where these species were known to occur. Relatively few hybrid seedlings were found in any of the seed-bank samples, even though their vegetative abundance within the sampling areas was equal to that of the pure plants. However, the abundance in the vegetation of the two pure species was reflected in the seed-bank size on each of the vegetation types, both with and without burning management. The seed banks from the forestry plantations show that the numbers of seeds of both E. tetralix and the hybrid were depleted, but that the seed bank of E. ciliaris was not significantly different from that of open heathland seed banks. The long-lived nature of the seed bank indicates that there are opportunities for habitat restoration on former heathland sites.
A short-term investigation of diel vertical migrations of the calycophoran Siphonophora in the open south Adriatic Sea (July 2003)

Calycophoran siphonophores are widelydistributed colonial marine cnidarians known from all depths (PuGh, 1999). Despite their important predatory role in planktonic food webs (see Morning, midday, evening and night repetitive sampling was used to demonstrate calycophoran diel vertical migration (DVM) at a fixed station in the oligotrophic southern Adriatic Sea at 8 depth intervals. Of 20 calycophoran species collected, most of them inhabited layers of specific temperature and light intensity, and migrated during the night. The deep species Kephyes ovata is primarily non-migratory. Typical nocturnal movements to the surface were recorded for Lensia conoidea and sphaeronectes koellikeri. Lensia subtilis and eudoxoides spiralis migrated toward the surface in the evening but sank deeper at night. Lensia meteori and Lensia fowleri reached upper layers at midday. The DVM of sphaeronectes irregularis was irregular and independent of diel light patterns. Though low in numbers, some calycophorans were found above the thermocline at night. For mesopelagic species, however, higher summer surface temperatures proved an effective barrier to migration above 100 m. Thus, certain species could be represented as key species of planktonic cnidarian assemblages found within a certain depth range. Though not homogenous, and while some undertake nocturnal migrations in both directions, all are interrelated by preferences of bathymetric distribution and specific DVM behavior.
Linked spontaneous CG----TA mutations at CpG sites in the gene for protein kinase regulatory subunit

CG----TA transitions at CpG sequences account for many human point mutations and are thought to result from hydrolytic deamination of 5-methylcytosine residues in these sites. The gene for regulatory subunit of murine cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase has two closely linked CpG sites, one of which is a strong hotspot for spontaneous CG----TA mutations leading to cyclic AMP resistance in S49 mouse lymphoma cells. About 5% of mutants with a spontaneous mutation at this CpG site had also acquired a second CG----TA mutation at the nearby CpG site. The two mutations were always at first positions of the Arg codons in which they occurred, and they were always together in a single regulatory subunit allele. Their linked appearance could be attributed to neither the selection conditions nor the preexistence of one mutation in the target cells. The high frequency of these double mutants suggests that their lesions result not from hydrolytic deamination but rather from an endogenous enzymatic mechanism.
Dietary calcium intake and rate of bone loss in men

Abstract A high Ca intake has been recommended for osteoporosis prevention; however, little research has examined the relationship between dietary Ca and bone health in men. We examined associations between dietary Ca intake, bone mineral density (BMD) and change in BMD at the total body, hip and spine over 2 years in a cohort of men (mean age 57 years, BMI 26 kg/m2) from a trial. Data from the total cohort (n 323) were used in the analysis of Ca intake and BMD at baseline, and data from the placebo group (n 99) were used in the longitudinal analysis of Ca intake and change in BMD. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the markers of bone turnover serum total alkaline phosphatase activity, serum C-telopeptide and serum procollagen type-1 N-terminal propeptide were measured in a subset of participants at baseline (n 150), and associations with dietary Ca at baseline were examined. Mean Ca intake was 870 mg/d. Baseline BMD was not related to dietary Ca intake at any site, before or after adjustment for covariables. Similarly, bone loss over 2 years was not related to Ca intake at any site, before or after adjustment. Dietary Ca intake was inversely correlated with PTH at baseline (r −0·19, P=0·02), but was not associated with the markers of bone turnover. BMD and rates of bone loss were unrelated to Ca intake in these men. This suggests that strategies to increase Ca intake are unlikely to impact on the prevalence of and morbidity from male osteoporosis.
A 45$^\circ$  Linearly Polarized Hollow-Waveguide Corporate-Feed Slot Array Antenna in the 60-GHz Band

A 45° linearly polarized hollow-waveguide slot array antenna has been proposed to achieve low sidelobes in the E- and H-planes by a diamond-shaped array arrangement. A layer for radiating slots was added into the conventional plate-laminated antenna. The 2 × 2-element sub-array was designed to suppress grating lobes and low cross-polarization. The 16 × 16-element array in the 60-GHz band was fabricated by diffusion bonding of the laminated thin metal plates. The first sidelobe levels in the E- and H-planes were -25.5 and -26.1 dB, respectively, and the cross-polarization was - 31.5 dB in the boresight. High antenna efficiency of 70% with greater than 32 dBi gain over 5 GHz was maintained by the corporate-feed hollow waveguide structure. Quantitative amount of fabrication error due to etching and alignment was revealed by simulations.
Record ION/IOFF performance for 65nm Ge pMOSFET and novel Si passivation scheme for improved EOT scalability

We report on a 65 nm Ge pFET with a record performance of Ion = 478muA/mum and Ioff,s= 37nA/mum @Vdd= -1V. These improvements are quantified and understood with respect to halo/extension implants, minimizing series resistance and gate stack engineering. A better control of Ge in-diffusion using a low-temperature epi-silicon passivation process allows achieving 1nm EOT Ge-pFET with increased performance.
Supporting Tax Policy Change Through Accounting Discretion: Evidence from the 2012 Elections

Some corporations attempt to lessen their tax burden through active involvement in the legislative process. We identify firms that contributed to congressional candidates who favor reductions in the U.S. corporate statutory tax rate. This support created a temporary incentive to manage effective tax rates up immediately prior to the 2012 general election. We document that these firms increased their reported effective tax rate in the two calendar quarters preceding the election relative to adjacent periods and to other firms supporting candidates in the same election. We also find that the variation in upward ETR management is correlated with proxies for potential reputational and capital markets costs as well as the strength of the relationship between candidates and firms. Our findings provide new evidence on financial reporting choices in support of corporate political activity and on the political cost hypothesis in the tax setting.
Skewed X‐chromosome inactivation is associated with primary but not secondary ovarian failure

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the occurrence of menopause before the age of 40, and may present with either primary or secondary amenorrhea. Numerous cases of POF in women with X‐chromosome deletions or translocations have been reported; thus, it is possible that smaller rearrangements undetectable by conventional cytogenetics may contribute to POF in some patients. In females with an abnormal X chromosome, cells with inactivation of the normal X may be selected against, causing skewed X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI). We therefore assessed XCI by methylation sensitive restriction digestion and PCR amplification at the androgen receptor (AR) locus, in 4 primary and 55 secondary POF patients and 109 control women. In samples heterozygous at AR and therefore informative for the skewing assay, the frequency of skewed XCI among the women with secondary amenorrhea was identical to that in control women, with 4 out of 48 (8.3%) secondary ovarian failure patients and 8 out of 97 (8.2%) control women having ≥90% skewing. Notably, all three primary amenorrhea patients that were informative at AR had skewed XCI ≥90% (P = 0.001 vs. control women; Fisher's exact test). To investigate whether X‐chromosome copy number alterations were responsible, DNA from selected patients with skewed XCI was examined by high resolution DNA microarray, however no potential regions of DNA addition or deletion were confirmed by FISH or PCR. X‐chromosome abnormalities undetectable by array, or reduced follicular pool due to an early trisomic rescue event, may explain the skewed XCI observed in POF patients presenting with primary amenorrhea. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An ultrastructural study of the membranes of keratinizing wool follicle cells.

Measurements of the widths of apposed plasma membranes and of the spaces between them were made at different stages of differentiation of keratinizing and hardening cells of the wool follicle. In contrast to findings in the hair follicle, no changes were detected for apposed cortex, cortex/fibre cuticle and fibre cuticle/fibre cuticle cells until keratinization had taken place. The trilaminar appearance of the plasma membranes was then lost and the intercellular material decreased in width. However, the inner root sheath cells developed a ‘membrane complex’ in enlarged intercellular spaces prior to hardening. Desmosomes are apparently retained in the hardened ‘membrane complexes’. A band of cytoplasmic material was also formed adjacent to the inner lamellae of the plasma membranes immediately before hardening of the cells. The presence of gap and tight junctions in differentiating cell lines of the wool follicle was noted.
A compilation of two decades of mutagenicity test results with the Ames Salmonella typhimurium and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell mutation assays.

As previously reported [Cameron, T. P., Rogers-Back, A. M. , Lawlor, T. E. , Harbell, J. W. , Seifried, H. E. , and Dunkel, V. C. (1991) Gentoxicity of multifunctional acrylates in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome assay and mouse lymphoma TK+/- assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 17, 264-271], the National Cancer Institute (NCI) shares the responsibility of selecting the most significant chemicals for carcinogenicity testing by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and has used data from Salmonella and mouse lymphoma mutagenicity assays to aid in the selection and prioritization of chemicals to be further evaluated in chronic 2 year rodent studies. In addition, a number of antineoplastic and anti-AIDS drugs in preclinical evaluation were tested for the NCI's Division of Cancer Treatment Toxicology Branch. In the NCI/NTP chemical selection process, it is no longer necessary to test chemicals prior to sending them to the NTP so the NCI program has ceased performing mutagenicity tests. Some of the testing data has been made available in summary form in the Chemical Carcinogenisis Research Information System (CCRIS), which is searchable on the NLM TOXNET system. The limitations in using this source are that only summary results are available and many negative test results are not included. A summary table that presents the results for each compound is provided in the Appendix with raw data provided in the Supporting Information. The Appendix table contains the compound name, CAS number, and a summary of the data from the Ames test and the mouse lymphoma assay.
Ultrastructural, immunofluorescence, and RNA evidence support the hypothesis of a "new" virus associated with Kawasaki disease.

BACKGROUND Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (ICI) have been identified in ciliated bronchial epithelium of Kawasaki disease (KD) patients using a synthetic antibody derived from acute KD arterial IgA plasma cells; ICI may derive from the KD etiologic agent. METHODS Acute KD bronchial epithelium was subjected to immunofluorescence for ICI and cytokeratin, high-throughput sequencing, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interferon pathway gene expression profiling was performed on KD lung. RESULTS An intermediate filament cytokeratin "cage" was not observed around KD ICI, making it unlikely that ICI are overproduced or misfolded human protein aggregates. Many interferon-stimulated genes were detected in the bronchial epithelium, and significant modulation of the interferon response pathway was observed in the lung tissue of KD patients. No known virus was identified by sequencing. Aggregates of virus-like particles (VLP) were detected by TEM in all 3 acute KD patients from whom nonembedded formalin-fixed lung tissue was available. CONCLUSIONS KD ICI are most likely virus induced; bronchial cells with ICI contain VLP that share morphologic features among several different RNA viral families. Expedited autopsies and tissue fixation from acute KD fatalities are urgently needed to more clearly ascertain the VLP. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that the infectious etiologic agent of KD may be a "new" RNA virus.
Pollination dynamics in a Douglas-fir seed orchard as revealed by pedigree reconstruction

Abstract• Pollination dynamics was studied in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard using 8 nuclear microsatellite markers and pedigree reconstruction. • The seed orchard consisted of 49 parents (clones). Cone-crop management included bloom delay and supplemental mass pollination (SMP) using 12 internal and 4 external pollen donors. • A random sample of 801 bulk seeds was genotyped for both haploid megagametophyte and corresponding diploid embryo. • Using the parental population’s multilocus genotypes, full pedigree reconstruction generated all the information needed to estimate the maternal, paternal, and parental reproductive success, selfing, pollen contamination, and pollination success of the 4 external pollen donors. • Maternal, paternal, and parental reproductive success varied with 80% of gametes being produced by 23, 45, and 37% of the orchard’s parents, respectively, resulting in a drastically reduced effective population size as compared to the census number (14 vs. 53). • Selfing, pollen contamination, and aggregate SMP success (internal and external) were estimated to be 15.2, 10.4, and 15.0%, respectively. • Full pedigree reconstruction was effective in unraveling the orchard’s pollination dynamics and both female and male reproductive success.