Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determined Slum Upgrading: A Challenge to Participatory Planning in Nanga Bulik, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Indonesia has committed to accomplish “cities without slum” target in 2019 through the national program of Action Planning for Preventing and Improving the Quality of Urban Slum Settlements (RP2KPKP) launched in 2015. Nanga Bulik town in Kabupaten (Regency) Lamandau of Central Kalimantan Province is among those included in the program; the RP2KPKP of which has been completed in 2016. This paper focuses on how participatory approach has been applied in the planning process. The planning has employed mostly qualitative approach with documents study, field observation, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving all stakeholders, complemented with quantitative one especially in the aspects of urban and architectural design. The findings have suggested that the community participation in Nanga Bulik case has gone beyond the requirement commanded by the Indonesian laws on development planning and spatial management to ensure the target achievement in 2019. It is crucial because a higher level of the plan implementability would ensure more sustainability of the slum improvement. Essential lessons can be learned from this real participatory planning, which could be the beginning of the third generation of planning in Indonesia.
Exhumation history of orogenic highlands determined by detrital fission-track thermochronology

Abstract A relatively new field in provenance analysis is detrital fission-track thermochronology which utilizes grain ages from sediment shed off an orogen to elucidate its exhumational history. Four examples highlight the approach and usefulness of the technique. (1) Fission-track grain age (FTGA) distribution of apatite from modern sediment of the Bergell region of the Italian Alps corresponds to ages obtained from bedrock studies. Two distinct peak-age populations at 14.8 Ma and 19.8 Ma give calculated erosion rates identical to in situ bedrock. (2) Zircon FTGA distribution from the modern Indus River in Pakistan is used to estimate the mean erosion rate for the Indus River drainage basin to be about 560 m Ma−1, but locally it is in excess of 1000 m Ma−1. (3) FTGA distribution of detrital apatite and zircon from the Tofino basin records exhumation of the Coast Mountains in the Canadian Cordillera. Comparison of detrital zircon and apatite FT ages gives exhumation rates of c. 200 m Ma−1 during the interval between c. 34 and 54 Ma, but higher rates (c. 1500 m Ma−1) at c. 56 Ma. (4) FTGA analysis of apatite grain ages from a young basin flanking Fiordland in New Zealand indicates that removal of cover strata was followed by profound exhumation at c. 30 Ma, which corresponds to plate reorganization at this time. Exhumation rates at the onset of exhumation were c. 2000–5000 m Ma−1. These studies outline the technique of detrital FTGA applied to exhumation studies and highlight practical considerations: (1) well-dated, stratigraphically coordinated suites of samples that span the exhumation event provide the best long-term record; (2) strata from the basin perimeter are the most likely to retain unreset detrital ages; (3) the removal of ‘cover rocks’ precedes exhumation of deeply buried rocks, which retain a thermal signal of the exhumation event; (4) steady-state exhumation produces peak ages that progressively young with time and have a constant lag time; (5) same-sample comparison of zircon and apatite peak ages is best in sequences with high-uranium apatite grains (>50 ppm), and peak-ages statistics can be improved by counting numerous apatite grains (>100).
Improved Noise Modeling with Mutual Coupling in Receiving Antenna Arrays for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation

A new method for modeling correlated noise in receiving antenna arrays for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is introduced. The array noise is divided into a coupled and an uncoupled components which originate from the array environment and the internal circuitry of the antenna elements, respectively. While the uncoupled noise power can be determined a priori and be removed from the array received power, the antenna mutual coupling in the coupled noise component can be decoupled in the same way as the antenna mutual coupling in the signals. This results in a very simple but effective MUSIC DOA estimation algorithm. Simulation results are presented to validate and demonstrate the performance of the new method.
A 2 X 2 achievement goal framework.

A 2 x 2 achievement goal framework comprising mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals was proposed and tested in 3 studies. Factor analytic results supported the independence of the 4 achievement goal constructs. The goals were examined with respect to several important antecedents (e.g., motive dispositions, implicit theories, socialization histories) and consequences (e.g., anticipatory test anxiety, exam performance, health center visits), with particular attention allocated to the new mastery-avoidance goal construct. The results revealed distinct empirical profiles for each of the achievement goals; the pattern for mastery-avoidance goals was, as anticipated, more negative than that for mastery-approach goals and more positive than that for performance-avoidance goals. Implications of the present work for future theoretical development in the achievement goal literature are discussed.
Bladder cancers respond to intravesical instillation of (HAMLET human α‐lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells)

We studied if bladder cancers respond to HAMLET (human α‐lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) to establish if intravesical HAMLET application might be used to selectively remove cancer cells in vivo. Patients with nonmuscle invasive transitional cell carcinomas were included. Nine patients received 5 daily intravesical instillations of HAMLET (25 mg/ml) during the week before scheduled surgery. HAMLET stimulated a rapid increase in the shedding of tumor cells into the urine, daily, during the 5 days of instillation. The effect was specific for HAMLET, as intravesical instillation of NaCl, PBS or native α‐lactalbumin did not increase cell shedding. Most of the shed cells were dead and an apoptotic response was detected in 6 of 9 patients, using the TUNEL assay. At surgery, morphological changes in the exophytic tumors were documented by endoscopic photography and a reduction in tumor size or change in tumor character was detected in 8 of 9 patients. TUNEL staining was positive in biopsies from the remaining tumor in 4 patients but adjacent healthy tissue showed no evidence of apoptosis and no toxic response. The results suggest that HAMLET exerts a direct and selective effect on bladder cancer tissue in vivo and that local HAMLET administration might be of value in the future treatment of bladder cancers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial hand amputation and work

Purpose. To determine whether or not subjects who had had a partial hand amputation were able to return to the same job and whether or not they used their silicone finger prosthesis for work. Method. Medical records of all the patients who had undergone a traumatic partial hand amputation and who had been treated in the Upper Limb Prosthetic Clinic at the Institute for Rehabilitation in Ljubljana were reviewed. Questionnaires were sent to 112 patients. Forty-eight questionnaires which were returned and had been correctly answered were analysed. Results. The study found that less than half the patients who had had a partial hand amputation were able to do the same work as before the amputation. Less than one-third wore their silicone prosthesis at work regularly. The subjects who did not have manual jobs and who had an amputation of only one or two fingers were able to keep the same job more easily after the amputation. Only a few subjects found their silicone prosthesis useful at work. Conclusion. It can be concluded that partial hand amputation may present a great problem in keeping the same job after amputation. An aesthetic (cosmetic) silicone prosthesis is helpful particularly for subjects with higher education whose work involves personal contacts and for whom aesthetics is important. They use the prosthesis for certain activities, such as typing.
Pancreatitis-associated Protein I (PAP I), an Acute Phase Protein Induced by Cytokines

Expression of the pancreatitis-associated protein I (PAP I), an exocrine pancreatic protein, increases rapidly and strongly in acinar cells during the acute phase of pancreatitis. This is reminiscent of the response to stress of acute phase proteins. We have previously demonstrated that serum factors from rats with acute pancreatitis, but not from healthy rats, could induce endogenous PAP I gene expression in the acinar cell line AR-42J (Dusetti, N., Mallo, G., Dagorn, J.-C., Iovanna, J. L. (1994) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 204, 238-243). In the present work, we have evaluated the influence of several mediators of inflammation on rat PAP I gene transcription in these cells. Tumor necrosis factor α induced an increase in PAP I mRNA expression, and interferon caused an even greater increase in PAP I mRNA level. These stimulations were antagonized by dexamethasone. Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, or dexamethasone alone were ineffective. Combinations of IL-1 with IL-6 or dexamethasone were also ineffective. IL-6 and dexamethasone together induced a marked stimulation of PAP I gene transcription, and this effect was slightly attenuated by IL-1. To analyze the cis-regulatory elements responsible for the induction of transcription, we fused a 1.2-kilobase segment of the rat PAP I promoter to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene as reporter. The resultant chimeric DNA was transfected into AR-42J cells. Addition of IL-6 or dexamethasone was ineffective, whereas their mixture increased the CAT activity 12 times. Progressive deletions of the PAP I promoter were then fused to the CAT gene, and the constructs were transfected to AR-42J cells. A 12-fold increase in CAT activity was seen upon IL-6/dexamethasone treatment with constructs containing more than 274 base pairs upstream from the cap site. In that region, two sequences are similar to the canonical IL-6 response element. Site-directed mutagenesis of these regions strongly decreased induction, showing that they were functional. PAP I should therefore be classified among acute phase proteins of class 2, whose expression is increased by IL-6 acting in combination with glucocorticoids.
Sentiment Composition

Sentiment classiﬁcation of grammatical constituents can be explained in a quasi-compositional way. The classiﬁcation of a complex constituent is derived via the classi-ﬁcation of its component constituents and operations on these that resemble the usual methods of compositional semantic analysis. This claim is illustrated with a description of sentiment propagation, polarity reversal, and polarity conﬂict resolution within various linguistic constituent types at various grammatical levels. We propose a theoretical composition model, evaluate a lexical dependency parsing post-process implementation, and estimate its impact on general NLP pipelines.
Maintenance of neuronal polarity

Neurons are highly polarized cells with distinct domains responsible for receiving, transmitting, and propagating electrical signals. Central to these functions is the axon initial segment (AIS), a short region of the axon adjacent to the cell body that is enriched in voltage‐gated ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins. Traditionally, the function of the AIS has been limited to its role in action potential initiation and modulation. However, recent experiments indicate that it also plays essential roles in neuronal polarity. Here, we review how initial segments are assembled, and discuss proposed mechanisms for how the AIS contributes to maintenance of neuronal polarity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 474–482, 2011
Conceptual confusion – an analysis of the meaning of concepts in technological innovation systems and sociological functionalism

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how conceptual confusion may be a significant obstacle to cross-disciplinary dialogue. We focus on the relationship between the framework of technological innovation systems (TIS) and sociological functionalism (SF). The paper argues that while there are similarities between the two schools of thought, in particular in the use of the terms ‘structure’ and ‘function’, these are more linguistic than substantive. We demonstrate this by assessing the validity of the spillover to TIS of four main points of critique raised against SF. We conclude by stating some lessons for improving cross-disciplinary communication.
Insights into structural and regulatory roles of Sec16 in COPII vesicle formation at ER exit sites

Sec16 is an essential factor in “ER exit site” formation, as well as in COPII-mediated traffic in vivo. The results indicate that purified Sec16 alone can self-assemble into homo-oligomeric complexes on a planar lipid membrane and plays an important role in regulating Sar1 GTPase activity at the late steps of COPII vesicle formation.
The Meanings and Experiences of Cesarean Birth Among Cambodian, Lao and Vietnamese Immigrant Women in Australia

ABSTRACT We examined the experience of cesarean birth among 67 Cambodian, Lao and Vietnamese women who are now living in Melbourne, Australia, based on a larger ethnographic research project on child-bearing, childrearing and motherhood among Southeast Asian women in Australia. We found a range of responses in the discourses of the women: some women preferred cesarean birth, but others resisted it. Women's social construction of their feelings stemmed from three interpretive frameworks: trust in medical knowledge, expectations (personal ideology of reproduction and motherhood) and communication with an understanding of their caregivers' preferences (as opposed to choice). Our findings have ramifications for health care providers working in multicultural settings. An effective dialogue between women and their health caregivers is required to keep the cesarean section rates down. In the case of immigrant women in a multicultural society like Australia, it is not the passive receipt of information but a two-way communication with adequate interpreter support that will lead to informed choice, fewer cesarean births, more satisfaction and less regret.
Disappointing longterm results with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. A practice based study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the longterm effectiveness of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) in an inception cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seen by rheumatologists. METHODS We performed a retrospective audit of the records of patients with onset of RA between January 1985 and June 1994. Charts were reviewed from the time of diagnosis to the last consult. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 2296 DMARD therapies were analyzed. Roughly half were started within 2 years of disease onset. By 16 months, 50% of the DMARD therapy courses had been discontinued, and after 4.5 years 75% had been discontinued. Over all, methotrexate (MTX) had the highest probability of continuation. After roughly 3 years 50% of patients were still receiving MTX, compared to one-third of patients who received antimalarials or intramuscular gold, 30% D-penicillamine, 25% sulfasalazine, and 18% oral gold. After 6 years, when considering all DMARD together, only 20% of the therapies had not been discontinued, with no substantial differences between drugs. Toxicity from gold compounds occurred within the first 18 months of therapy and stabilized thereafter. For MTX, withdrawals due to toxicity continued throughout therapy. CONCLUSION This is the largest observational study examining the longterm termination rates of DMARD in patients followed from the time of their initial consult. Our results confirm previous reports of short therapeutic times, even for patients treated early in the course of their disease. MTX appears to be the best drug within the first 5 years of disease. These differences, however, decrease in the longer term. It is unclear whether the results observed for MTX within the first years of therapy translate to better health status in the longer term when compared to other DMARD.
Fractionated Laser Skin Resurfacing Treatment Complications: A Review

BACKGROUND Fractional photothermolysis represents a new modality of laser skin resurfacing that was developed to provide a successful clinical response while minimizing postoperative recovery and limiting treatment complications. OBJECTIVES To review all of the reported complications that develop as a result of fractional ablative and nonablative laser skin resurfacing. METHODS A literature review was based on a MEDLINE search (1998–2009) for English‐language articles related to laser treatment complications and fractional skin resurfacing. Articles presenting the highest level of evidence and the most recent reports were preferentially selected. RESULTS Complications with fractional laser skin resurfacing represent a full spectrum of severity and can be longlasting. In general, a greater likelihood of developing post‐treatment complications is seen in sensitive cutaneous areas and in patients with intrinsically darker skin phototypes or predisposing medical risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Although the overall rate of complications associated with fractional laser skin resurfacing is much lower than with traditional ablative techniques, recent reports suggest that serious complications can develop. An appreciation of all of the complications associated with fractional laser skin resurfacing is important, especially given that many of them can be potentially prevented. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Wealth Effects of the SEC's 'Terror Tool'

In summer 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published an online tool with information on firms doing business in State Sponsor of Terrorism countries. We take sides with those arguing that for moral reasons, investors will have traded on the information provided in the tool by selling stocks of mentioned firms. Contrary to our expectation, we find no evidence of a negative stock price reaction during the time the tool was posted online but do find such reaction subsequent to the tool’s publication. Additionally, we provide evidence for the notion that stigmatization is not transitory.
Czech Capital Market Weak-Form Efficiency, Selected Issues

The article discusses several factors that should be addressed when analysing linear dependences and testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis on the Czech capital market in order to avoid possible interpretation biases. The conclusions are based on the empirical analysis of the stock return behaviour in 1995-2005 and the generalization of the up-to-date local studies outcomes. It also discusses the market's relative efficiency compared to capital markets that are considered the most effective worldwide and on the European territory - the American NYSE and the German and Netherlands stock exchanges. Significant linear dependences of daily returns are typical on the Czech capital market; its relative efficiency still lags behind the efficiency of the developed markets.
The Investment Tax Credit: An Evaluation

Since1954, the United States government has made numerous adjustments in the tax treatment of corporate income with the aim of influencing the level and composition of fixed business investment. The effects of these reforms, principally changes in the investment tax credit, are evaluated using a macro-econometric model. We find little evidence that the investment tax credit is an effective fiscal policy tool. Changes in the credit have tended to destabilize the economy, and have yielded much less stimulus per dollar of revenue loss than has previously been assumed. The crowding out of "non-favored" investment has been sufficient to offset a large percentage of the increase in the stock of equipment resulting from the use of the credit. We are led to conclude that the reliance on the investment tax credit and other investment tax incentives should be reduced. If a credit is to be maintained, it is of the utmost importance that its effect on all sectors of the economy be considered. We analyze several possible neutrality criteria, but conclude that no simple rule can guide the optimal structuring of incentives.
Preparation and characterization of diphtheria toxoid-loaded elastic vesicles for transcutaneous immunization

The objective was to develop surfactant-based vesicle formulations containing diphtheria toxoid (DT) for transcutaneous immunization. Formulation variables were molar ratio of the surfactants (sucrose-laurate ester, octaoxyethylene-laurate ester, and sodium bistridecyl sulfosuccinate), DT concentration, pH, and ionic strength. The formulations were characterized by visual inspection, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. DT loading efficiency and capacity of the vesicle formulations were studied by protein assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DT-containing vesicle formulations were optimized for colloidal stability. The pH had a dramatic effect on DT-vesicle association: at pH 4.5 > 70% of the protein was associated with the vesicles, vs. < 20% at pH 5.0. By varying the ionic strength of the buffer, we revealed that hydrophobic interactions play an important role in the association. DT-vesicles formulated at pH 4.5 were stable and showed high association of DT with preserved antigenicity, and are therefore excellent candidates for future in vivo studies.
Global Regularity versus Infinite-Time Singularity Formation in a Chemotaxis Model with Volume-Filling Effect and Degenerate Diffusion

A system of quasi-linear parabolic and elliptic-parabolic equations describing chemotaxis is studied. Due to the assumed presence of a volume-filling effect it is assumed that there is an impassable threshold for the density of cells. This assumption leads to singular or degenerate operators in both the diffusive and the chemotactic components of the flux of cells. We improve results from earlier works and find critical conditions which reflect the interplay between diffusion and chemotaxis and warrant that classical solutions are global in time and separated uniformly from the threshold. In the case of degenerate diffusion for the elliptic-parabolic version of the model we prove the existence of radially symmetric solutions which exhibit a phenomenon of infinite-time singularity formation in that they are global and smooth but attain the threshold in the large time limit.
Local Food Tourism Networks and Word of Mouth

This article draws from surveys of three key components of local food tourism networks: farmers, restaurateurs, and tourists. Key informant interviews were also conducted to complement survey data. Results indicate that word of mouth is central to forming and maintaining local food tourism networks because it links farmers and restaurateurs. Also tourists become aware of tourism opportunities primarily through word of mouth. For these reasons, Extension educators must consider word of mouth when promoting local food tourism. Word of mouth requires time to form "naturally. " Therefore, practitioners must create opportunities to link the different hubs in local food tourism networks.