Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Star Formation Histories of z ∼ 1 Galaxies in LEGA-C

Using high-resolution spectra from the VLT Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C) program, we reconstruct the star formation histories (SFHs) of 607 galaxies at redshifts z = 0.6–1.0 and stellar masses ≳1010 M⊙ using a custom full spectrum fitting algorithm that incorporates the emcee and FSPS packages. We show that the mass-weighted age of a galaxy correlates strongly with stellar velocity dispersion (σ*) and ongoing star formation (SF) activity, with the stellar content in higher-σ* galaxies having formed earlier and faster. The SFHs of quiescent galaxies are generally consistent with passive evolution since their main SF epoch, but a minority show clear evidence of a rejuvenation event in their recent past. The mean age of stars in galaxies that are star-forming is generally significantly younger, with SF peaking after z < 1.5 for almost all star-forming galaxies in the sample: many of these still have either constant or rising SFRs on timescales >100 Myr. This indicates that z > 2 progenitors of z ∼ 1 star-forming galaxies are generally far less massive. Finally, despite considerable variance in the individual SFHs, we show that the current SF activity of massive galaxies (>L*) at z ∼ 1 correlates with SF levels at least 3 Gyr prior: SFHs retain “memory” on a large fraction of the Hubble time. Our results illustrate a novel approach to resolve the formation phase of galaxies, and, by identifying their individual evolutionary paths, one can connect progenitors and descendants across cosmic time. This is uniquely enabled by the high-quality continuum spectroscopy provided by the LEGA-C survey.
Interactive comment on “ A new approach to model the variability of karstic recharge ” by A .

The authors agree with the referee that a lot can be learned from model intercomparison (MI), which has been a common, but long lasting project in many disciplines (e.g. Snow-MIP). Lange et al. (2010) compared the observed recharge rates at the cave with the recharge rates obtained by a water balance approach conducted by Shachori et al. (1965) for the whole catchment. A comparison to their results will be added to the discussion. However, a more detailed and technical MI is not possible within the
Australian Evidence Concerning the Information Content of Economic Value-Added

Pooled time-series, cross-sectional data on 110 Australian companies over the period 1992–1998 is employed to examine whether the trademarked variant of residual income known as economic value-added (EVA®) is more highly associated with stock returns than other commonly-used accounting-based measures. These other measures of internal and external performance include earnings, net cash flow and residual income. Three alternative formulations for pooling data are also employed in the analysis, namely, the common-effects, fixed-effects and random-effects models, with the fixed-effects approach found to be the most empirically appropriate. Relative information content tests reveal returns to be more closely associated with EVA® than residual income, earnings and net cash flow, respectively. An analysis of the components of EVA® confirms that the GAAP-related adjustments most closely associated with EVA® are significant at the margin in explaining stock returns.
Mobilizing on the Extreme Right: Germany, Italy, and the United States

Research on the extreme right is rare, and the extreme right has even more rarely been analysed as a social movement. In this volume, the extreme right is compared in Italy, Germany, and the United States using concepts and methods developed in social movement studies. In particular, the book describes the discourse, action, and organizational structures of the extreme right, and explains these on the basis of the available discursive and political opportunities. Three main empirical methods are used in the research. Firstly, the frame analysis looks at the cognitive mechanisms that are relevant in influencing organizational and individual behaviour. Second, network analysis looks at the (inter-) organizational structural characteristics of right-wing organizations. Finally, protest event analysis allows for an empirical summary of the actions undertaken by right-wing extremists over the last decade. The substantive chapters address the organizational structure of the extreme right, their action repertoires, the framing of protest events, the definition of 'us', the struggle against modernity, old and new forms of racism, opposition to globalization, and populism. (author's abstract)
Interlayer thickness effects on magnetic properties of X/FePtAg (X = FePt/Fe and Fe/FePt) trilayers

A soft/hard FePt/Fe/FePtAg and Fe/FePt/FePtAg trilayers with perpendicular magnetization were prepared on a glass substrate. Inserting disordered FePt layer allowed modification of magnetic anisotropy of the Fe/FePtAg sharp interface to Fe/FePt/FePtAg stepwise interface. The out-of-plane coercivity field was modulated as a function of the FePt thickness because of the interface coupling attenuation between Fe and FePtAg. The coercivity was inversely proportional to the FePt thickness as evidenced by the pinning effect at the stepwise interface. Additionally, the out-of-planemagnetization was controlled by domain wall pinning effect. The in-plane magnetization reversal processes occurred in two steps like in exchange spring systems and attributed to the domain wall nucleation and its propagation from Fe/FePt layer into FePtAg layer.
EFFECTS OF PERPENDICULAR DIFFUSION ON ENERGETIC PARTICLES ACCELERATED BY THE INTERPLANETARY CORONAL MASS EJECTION SHOCK

In this work, based on a numerical solution of the focused transport equation, we obtained the intensity and anisotropy time profiles of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated by an interplanetary shock in the three-dimensional Parker magnetic field. The shock is treated as a moving source of energetic particles with an assumed particle distribution function. We computed the time profiles of particle flux and anisotropy as measured by an observer at 1 AU, equatorial plane, and various longitudes with respect to the shock propagation direction. With perpendicular diffusion, energetic particles can cross magnetic field lines. Particles may be detected before the observer's field line is connected to the shock. After the observer's field line breaks from the shock front, the observer still can see more particles are injected into its field line. Our simulations show that the particle onset time, peak time, peak intensity, decay rate, and duration of SEP event could be significantly influenced by the effect of perpendicular diffusion. The anisotropy with perpendicular diffusion is almost the same as that without perpendicular diffusion, but there is an obvious difference at the moment when the observer's field line begins to be connected to the shock.
Gender differences in adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of atrial fibrillation

Background. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedD) is associated with a reduction of overall mortality and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In a previous study we found a relationship between intake of antioxidant vitamins with diet and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study focuses on gender differences relative to diet and antioxidant intake in patients (pts) with a first detected episode of AF. Methods. A group of 400 pts, 205 men and 195 women, was investigated. A control group of 400 subjects, age and sex matched, was selected and compared. Nutritional parameters were assessed by a self-administered food frequency validated questionnaire (116 items) completed by an interviewer-administered 24 h diet recall. We previously constructed a MedD adherence score based on a prior scoring system developed for the Greek population. Consumption of cereals, vegetables, legumes, fruit, fish, dairy products, cups of espresso coffee, chocolate snacks, soda drinks and wine was investigated. Results. The MedD Score was higher in women compared to men (28.8 + 2.0 vs 20.1 + 2.5; p<0.001) and was higher in healthy subjects compared to patients with AF (27.9 + 5.6 vs 22.3 + 3.1; p<0.001). In pts with AF the estimated intake of total antioxidants was higher in women (19.9 ± 5.6 vs 11.2 ± 7.4 mmol/d; p<0.001), and women had higher intake of antioxidants from fruit and vegetables. Conclusions. Women showed high adherence to the MedD and higher intake of antioxidants from fruit and vegetables compared to AF men. Men had higher intake of antioxidants from coffee. Women that developed AF were older, with lower adherence to the MedD, and were more sedentary. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2329-9487.jhc-13-210 Research Article Freely Available Online www.openaccesspub. org | JHC CC-license DOI : 10.14302/issn.2329-9487.jhc-13-210 Vol-1 Issue –4 Page No5 Introduction: Several epidemiologic studies have underlined the beneficial role of the Mediterranean diet in relation to all -cause mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, lipid metabolism, blood pressure levels and body mass index (1). In 1995 a score assessing adherence to the Mediterranean diet was elaborated (2) and this score, or variants of it, has been widely used to evaluate the relation of the Mediterranean diet to cardiovascular
Production of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae OL-K10

The aim of the study was to measure the transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) concentration in cultures of Anabaena flos-aquae OL-K10 and to determine the relationship between the quantity of particles produced and the light intensity, the age of the culture and the presence of nitrogen in the culture medium. This is the first time TEP production has been investigated in the Nostocales, an order of nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton species. The results showed that TEP production depends on the presence of nitrogen in the culture medium. The longer the culture is grown, the higher the correlation between its TEP content and its chlorophyll a concentration.
Integrating Bullying Prevention Into Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support

Bullying is often defined as unprovoked aggressive behavior repeatedly carried out against victims who are unable to defend themselves (Smith, Ananiadou, & Cowie, 2003; Whitted & Dupper, 2005). Bullying can take many forms, such as physical aggression, threats, insults, spreading rumors, social exclusion, and mocking the victim's culture, disability, or sexual orientation (Olweus, 2003). Children and youth who engage in bullying behavior may have a physical advantage, higher social status, or power in numbers, whereas those who are targeted by bullies are likely to be solitary, smaller in stature, or members of marginalized groups (Craig & Pepler, 2007). Youth who bully their peers are skilled at discovering and targeting the vulnerabilities of their victims, which may in part explain the increased likelihood that children with exceptionalities will be victims of bullying (Heinrichs, 2003). Children with special needs may exhibit social skill deficits, verbal delays, and impulsive or anxious behaviors, all of which are characteristics of many children who are targets of bullying. Across Canada and the United States, bullying is considered a widespread problem in schools. In a 2002 survey of 512 American youth, 52% of
SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF MARKARIAN 421 DURING OUTBURST

We report on the results of two coordinated multiwavelength campaigns that focused on the blazar Markarian 421 during its 2006 and 2008 outbursts. These campaigns obtained UV and X-ray data using the XMM-Newton satellite, while the gamma-ray data were obtained utilizing three imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes, the Whipple 10 m telescope and VERITAS, both based in Arizona, as well as the MAGIC telescope, based on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The coordinated effort between the gamma-ray groups allowed for truly simultaneous data in UV/X-ray/gamma-ray wavelengths during a significant portion of the XMM-Newton observations. This simultaneous coverage allowed for a reliable search for correlations between UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray variability over the course of the observations. Investigations of spectral hysteresis and modeling of the spectral energy distributions are also presented.
Households' energy use - which is the more important: efficient technologies or user practices?

Much policy effort focuses on energy efficiency of technology, though not only efficiency but also user practices is an important factor influencing the amount of consumed energy. This paper will explore to what extent energy efficiency of appliances and houses or user practices are the more important, both for understanding why some households consume much more energy than others, and when looking for relevant approaches to a future low carbon society. The paper uses several sources to explore this question, including results from the researcher’s own projects, review of other studies and national statistics. Through the presentation of these different projects and examples it is shown how user practices are at least as important as the efficiency of technology when explaining households' energy consumption. The paper concludes that more research in this field is necessary. In relation to energy policy it is argued that it is not a question of efficiency or practices, as both have to be included in future policy if energy demand is actually to be reduced.
The emergence of integrated private reporting

Purpose - – This paper aims to provide evidence to suggest that private social and environmental reporting (i.e. one-on-one meetings between institutional investors and investees on social and environmental issues) is beginning to merge with private financial reporting and that, as a result, integrated private reporting is emerging. Design/methodology/approach - – In this paper, 19 FTSE100 companies and 20 UK institutional investors were interviewed to discover trends in private integrated reporting and to gauge whether private reporting is genuinely becoming integrated. The emergence of integrated private reporting through the lens of institutional logics was interpreted. The emergence of integrated private reporting as a merging of two hitherto separate and possibly rival institutional logics was framed. Findings - – It was found that specialist socially responsible investment managers are starting to attend private financial reporting meetings, while mainstream fund managers are starting to attend private meetings on environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues. Further, senior company directors are becoming increasingly conversant with ESG issues. Research limitations/implications - – The findings were interpreted as two possible scenarios: there is a genuine hybridisation occurring in the UK institutional investment such that integrated private reporting is emerging or the financial logic is absorbing and effectively neutralising the responsible investment logic. Practical implications - – These findings provide evidence of emergent integrated private reporting which are useful to both the corporate and institutional investment communities as they plan their engagement meetings. Originality/value - – No study has hitherto examined private social and environmental reporting through interview research from the perspective of emergent integrated private reporting. This is the first paper to discuss integrated reporting in the private reporting context.
SEA OTTER POPULATION DECLINES IN THE ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO

Abstract Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations were exploited to near extinction and began to recover after the cessation of commercial hunting in 1911. Remnant colonies of sea otters in the Aleutian archipelago were among the first to recover; they continued to increase through the 1980s but declined abruptly during the 1990s. We conducted an aerial survey of the Aleutian archipelago in 2000 and compared results with similar surveys conducted in 1965 and 1992. The number of sea otters counted decreased by 75% between 1965 and 2000; 88% for islands at equilibrial density in 1965. The population decline likely began in the mid-1980s and declined at a rate of 17.5%/year in the 1990s. The minimal population estimate was 8,742 sea otters in 2000. The population declined to a uniformly low density in the archipelago, suggesting a common and geographically widespread cause. These data are in general agreement with the hypothesis of increased predation on sea otters. These data chronicle one of the most widespread and precipitous population declines for a mammalian carnivore in recorded history.
Evaluating the macroeconomic ımpacts of IMF programmes in Latin America, 1975-2004: a GEE analysis

Using panel data for 21 Latin Americancountries over the period 1975–2004, this paper analyzes macroeconomic effects of IMF programmes by using GEE methodology. In line with the results of previous studies, it is shown that these programmes have positive effects on the balance of payments, current account and investment. However, they negatively affect budget deficit, per capita GDP, FDI, inflation and consumption.
Postharvest biological control of melon pathogens using Bacillus subtilis EXWB1.

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a widely used fruit which suffers from postharvest decay resulting in large economic losses. In this work we investigated the biological control of melon postharvest diseases using Bacillus subtilis EXWB1, which we had previously isolated and identified from melon in lab experiments. We found that this bacterium excretes a bio-surfactant in Luria- Bertani broth (pH 5-8) that helps it to stick to the hydrophobic melon skin, and spreads at a speed of 125 µm per h over the surface at room temperature and high humidity. During storage time we found that the peak of respiration of melon fruits increased on day 6, and was reduced by 26.1% and 71.9%, respectively in the presence of B. subtilis EXWB1 in inoculated and uninoculated treatments. The ethylene production peak was delayed by about 2 days and reduced by 72.3% and 61.6% on day 4. Growth of one of the main fungal pathogens of melon, Alternaria alternata, was limited around inoculated sites on the fruit surface, and necrotic lesions induced by this pathogen were significantly reduced by 77.2% after coinoculation with B. subtilis EXWB1. Treated fruits retained high levels of sugar and vitamin C, and low levels of organic acids, and maintained water content and turgidity at room temperature. Our findings provide an alternative and promising biological control agent, B. subtilis EXWB1, which can suppress postharvest diseases caused by A. alternata, and may effectively control postharvest physiological changes caused by fungal pathogens.
N A ] 2 7 A pr 2 01 8 Tensor calculus in spherical coordinates using Jacobi polynomials . PartI : Mathematical analysis and derivations

This paper presents a method for the accurate and efficient computations on scalar, vector and tensor fields in three-dimensional spherical polar coordinates. The methods uses spinweighted spherical harmonics in the angular directions and rescaled Jacobi polynomials in the radial direction. For the 2-sphere, spin-weighted harmonics allow for automating calculations in a fashion as similar to Fourier series as possible. Derivative operators act as wavenumber multiplication on a set of spectral coefficients. After transforming the angular directions, a set of orthogonal tensor rotations put the radially dependent spectral coefficients into individual spaces each obeying a particular regularity condition at the origin. These regularity spaces have remarkably simple properties under standard vector-calculus operations, such as grad and div. We use a hierarchy of rescaled Jacobi polynomials for a basis on these regularity spaces. It is possible to select the Jacobi-polynomial parameters such that all relevant operators act in a minimally banded way. Altogether, the geometric structure allows for the accurate and efficient solution of general partial differential equations in the unit ball.
Product Standards and Export Diversification jei

This paper examines the impact of voluntary standards on trade studying textiles, clothing, and footwear sectors. It hypothesizes that internationally harmonized standards can reduce the fixed cost burden facing exporting firms, thus encouraging greater market entry and a corresponding increase in product variety on the import side. The data bear out this contention, providing the first evidence on the links between international harmonization and extensive margin trade growth. Moreover, the income level of the exporting country—as a proxy for its ability to adapt to foreign standards—has a major impact on the effect of standards. For an average low income country, a 1% reduction in the total number of European Union standards is associated with a 0.6% increase in export variety, while a 1% increase in the proportion of European Union standards that are internationally harmonized leads to a 0.8% increase in export variety. These effects are weaker, and even reversed, for high income countries. Product Standards and Export Diversification jei Journal of Economic Integration
Impaired renal function and increased urinary isoprostane excretion in Ghanaian women with pre-eclampsia

Background: The cause of pre-eclampsia remains largely unknown, but oxidative stress (an imbalance favoring oxidant over antioxidant forces) has been implicated in contributing to the clinical symptoms of hypertension and proteinuria. Assessment of oxidative stress in preeclampsia using urinary isoprostane has produced conflicting results, and it is likely that renal function may affect isoprostane excretion. The aim of this study was to determine the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia and to assess the effect of renal function on isoprostane excretion in pre-eclampsia in the Ghanaian population. Methods: This was a case-controlled study, comprising 103 pre-eclamptic women and 107 normal pregnant controls and conducted at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital between December 2006 and May 2007. The study participants were enrolled in the study after meeting the inclusion criteria and signing their written informed consent. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring urinary excretion of isoprostane and total antioxidant capacity using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Renal function was assessed by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Results: The pre-eclampsia group had significantly ( P = 0.0006) higher urinary isoprostane excretion (2.81 ± 0.14 ng/mg creatinine) than the control group (2.01 ± 0.18 ng/mg creatinine) and a significantly ( P = 0.0008) lower total antioxidant power (1.68 ± 0.05 mM) than the control group (1.89 ± 0.04 mM). Urinary isoprostane excretion showed a positive correlation with both mean arterial pressure (r = 0.261) and microalbuminuria (r = 0.510) in the pre-eclampsia cases. The pre-eclampsia group had a significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate than the control group ( P , 0.001), indicating more renal impairment. Conclusion: The increased urinary excretion of isoprostanes and decreased total antioxidant power in the in pre-eclampsia group suggest increased production of oxidants and depletion and/or reduction of maternal antioxidants. Increased oxidative stress may be important in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia by contributing to endothelial dysfunction, proteinuria, and hypertension.