Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of potential toxigenic Aspergillus species isolated from poultry feeds in Sokoto metropolis

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of fungal organisms (especially Aspergillus species) in feeds used in poultry farms in Sokoto metropolis. During a period of 12 months (from April 2010 to March 2011), a total of 239 poultry feed samples comprising of 204 commercially prepared feeds and 35 self-compounded feeds were collected from 76 identified poultry farms in Sokoto and environs. Of the total 80 questionnaires administered, 76 (95.00%) were responded to. Out of the total samples, fungal species were isolated from 198 (82.9%) comprising of commercially prepared 163 (79.9%) and self-compounded 35 (100.0%) feed samples. A total of 258 fungal isolates were identified out of which 136 (52.7%) were Aspergillus species. The most prevalent species were Aspergillus fumigatus 80 (58.8%) followed by Aspergillus flavus 56 (41.2%). Since Aspergillus species are among the leading mycotoxigenic fungi, this study reveals that a potential exists for the production of mycotoxins that may be of both veterinary public health significance and its attending economic losses.
Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practice of Women Concerning Osteoporosis

Background: To determine the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of women above 45 years old. Methods: A total of 770 households in Kerman (southern Iran) were selected for inclusion in the study using cluster sampling from April through August 2005. The interview schedule consisted of 4 parts including questions about knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and also demographic questions. The average score for KAP was 9.3 out of 21, 2.6 out of 5 and 1.5 out of 6, respectively. Results: Adequate osteoprotective exercise and sufficient calcium intake were found in 3.8% and 5.5% of subjects, respectively. A significant relationship between the score of preventive practice and all the following parameters was found: level of education, hearing about osteoporosis, knowledge score, perceived barrier to preventive actions and perceived seriousness of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Considering the Iranian women’s inaccurate or insufficient knowledge and their negative attitude to the preventive actions and their weak practice in case of prevention, it is the responsibility of health policymakers and medical associations to plan for osteoporosis education and prevention initiatives.
Grazing during early spring in the Gulf of Aqaba and the northern Red Sea

Zooplankton grazing on bacterio- and phytoplankton was studied in the Gulf of Aqaba and the Northern Red Sea during Meteor Cruise Me 44-2 in February-March 1999. Protozoan graz- ing on bacterioplankton and autotrophic ultraplankton was studied by the Landry dilution method. Microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton >6 µm was studied by incubation experiments in the presence and absence of microzooplankton. Mesozooplankton grazing was studied by measuring per capita clearance rates of individual zooplankton with radioactively labelled food organisms and esti- mating in situ rates from abundance values. Protozoan grazing rates on heterotrophic bacteria and on algae <6 µm were high (bacteria: 0.7 to 1.1 d -1 , ultraphytoplankton: 0.7 to 1.3 d -1 ), while grazing rates on Synechococcus spp. were surprisingly low and undetectable in some experiments. Mesozoo- plankton grazing was weak, cumulative grazing rates being ca. 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the grazing rates by protozoans. Among mesozooplankton, appendicularians specialised on smaller food items and calanoid copepods on larger ones.
Turbulence without Richardson-Kolmogorov Cascade

We study turbulence generated by low-blockage space-filling fractal square grids [5]. This device creates a multiscale excitation of the fluid flow. Such devices have been proposed as alternative and complementary tools for the investigation of turbulence fundamentals, modelling and applications [3, 5, 6]. New insights on the fundamentals of homogeneous turbulence have been found, showing in particular that the small scales are not universal beyond small corrections caused by intermittency, finite Reynolds number and anisotropy. The unprecedented possibilities offered by these devices also open new attractive perspectives in applications involving mixing, combustion and flow management and control.
Colorimetric Estimation for Salbutamol-sulphate in Pure Form and in Different Types of Pharmaceutical

A new sensitive, simple and accurate colorimetric approach is suggested of the estimation of salbutamol sulphate drug in pure form, also in different types of pharmaceutical. The approach is established on the conjunction of salbutamol (SLB) drug and the reagent 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) reagent in basic medium to obtain a newly ligand that reacts with cobalt (II) to produce highly intensity red colour complex at 60°C. The water soluble dye is stable and estimated colorimetric ally with maximum absorption at 500 nm. The calibration curve between the concentration and the absorbance shows that the range of concentration was applied by the Beer’s law between 2-60 μg/mL. The optimization of the experiential circumstances is examined. The precision and the accuracy for the approach are tested by the average relative standard deviation values (1.32%) and the average recovery values (100.23%) respectively. That it is based on the concentration. The approach sensitivity is obtained by molar absorptivity (0.6558×104 l.cm-1.mol-1). The sensitivity of Sandell is calculated (0.036 μg.cm-2). The analytical data for the approach is matched with the standard method. The general interference from drug additives was examined. The suggested approach is successfully applied on the estimation of SLB in various types of pharmaceutical.
Effect of tillage on the growth and yield of cowpea varieties in Sudan savanna agroecology of Northern Nigeria

Field study was conducted during the rainy seasons (July-November) of 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 at the Research Farm of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Minjibir, Kano State, Nigeria; to compare responses of six cowpea varieties to tillage. The treatments consisted of tillage systems (zero tillage, flat tillage and ridge tillage) as the main plot and cowpea varieties (IT89KD-391, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-461-4, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2, and IT98K-506-1) as the sub-plot. The treatments were arranged as split plot laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Zero tillage was significantly superior in influencing days to maturity, canopy height, intercepted Original Research Article Ewansiha et al.; ARRB, 5(3): 275-284, 2015; Article no.ARRB. 2015.030 276 photosynthetic active radiation (IPAR) and leaf area index but not total dry matter and grain yield of cowpea. A positive and significant association was recorded for days to physiological maturity and canopy height across the tillage systems with a correlation coefficient of ≤ 40% for days to maturity and ≥50% for canopy height. Though flat tillage showed a positive correlation with intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (IPAR) and leaf area (LAI), but this association was not significant. However, ridge tillage showed a positive and significant correlation with IPAR and LAI (r =0.378*** and 0.384***). All the tillage systems showed a high and significant positive correlation with cowpea dry matter and fodder yield (r= 0.54*** to 0.77***). Across varieties, grain yield was better with flat tillage than zero and ridge tillage systems, with 10% yield advantage over the two. Zero and ridge tillage were similar in their effects on grain yield. Except for IPAR, LAI and total dry matter (TDM), the interaction effect of cowpea varieties and tillage systems was significant. Our result point to the fact that extensive soil tillage (especially, conventional tillage) may not be necessary for cowpea production in this agro-ecology with a high percentage of sand and a sandy loam as soil textural class. Following our result, we may recommended varieties for the different tillage systems as follows: IT98K-131-2, IT97K-461-4, IT90K-277-2, IT98K-506-1 (grain) and IT89KD-391/IT97K-4614 (best for fodder) for zero tillage system; IT90K-277-2, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2 and IT98K506-1(grain) and IT89KD-391/IT97K-499-35 (best for fodder) for flat-tillage; IT98K-131-2, IT90K277-2, IT98K-506-1 and IT97K-464-4(grain) and IT90K-277-2/ IT89KD-391 (best for fodder) for ridge tillage).
The bright end of the luminosity function at z ~ 9

Context. We present additional constraints on the galaxy luminosity function at z ~ 9 based on observations carried out with ESO/VLT FORS2, HAWK-I, and X-Shooter around the lensing cluster A2667, as part of our project designed to select z ~ 7-10 candidates accessible to spectroscopy. We find that only one selected J-dropout source in this field fulfills the color and magnitude criteria. This source was recently confirmed as a mid-z interloper based on X-Shooter spectroscopy. Aims: Owing to the considerable depth and area covered by our survey, we are able to set strong constraints on the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function and hence on the star formation history at very high redshift. Methods: We used our non-detection of reliable J-dropout sources over the ~36 arcmin2 field of view towards A2667 to carefully determine the lens-corrected effective volume and the corresponding upper limit to the density of sources. Results: Our strongest limit is obtained for Φ(M1500 = -21.4 ± 0.50) -19.7 with fixed α = -1.74 and Φ⋆ = 1.10 × 10-3 Mpc-3. The corresponding star-formation rate density should be ρSFR < 5.97 × 10-3 Ms yr-1 Mpc3 at z ~ 9. These results are in good agreement with the most recent estimates already published for this range of redshift and luminosity domain. Conclusions: This new result confirms previously measured decreases in the density of luminous galaxies at very high redshift, hence provides strong constraints on the design of future surveys aiming to explore the very high-redshift Universe. Based on observations collected at The European Southern Observatory, Paranal, Chile, as part of the ESO 082.A-0163 and 087.A-0118.
The Polymorphism of FecXG Region Exon 2 of BMP15 Gene in Hisari Sheep

Booroola gene is one of the major genes in the enhancement of ovulation rate and could be an attractive candidate gene for ovulation rate in sheep. Molecular technologies have been widely used for discovery of mutations in animal species. These mutations have major effects on the important economic traits of sheep and goats. This study was conducted to identify the mutation in FecXG region of exon 2 of BMP15 gene which is associated with twining using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in Hisari Sheep. For this purpose, blood samples were obtained from 110 sheep. DNA was extracted using the salting out method and quantity and quality properties of DNA were determined using electrophoresis gel. Afterward, a 141 bp fragment, which contains the given polymorphic site of BMP15 gene, was amplified by the specific primers. Restriction enzyme (HinfI G/ANTC) cuts the "wild-type" allele and as a result of digestion, 112 and 29 bp fragments produced. Mutant type allele is not cut because of the removal of the intended cutting site. All the samples showed the similar monomorphic of genotype (+/+) (wild genotype). Results of this study indicate that the investigated polymorphism is not present in the hisari sheep
Mechanical properties of banana empty fruit bunch fibre reinforced polyester composites

A light weight composite material has been prepared using banana empty fruit bunch fibre (banana-EFB) as reinforcement in polyester resin matrix, and its mechanical properties studied. The composites are formulated up to a maximum fibre volume fraction of about 0.37, resulting in a mean tensile strength of 43 MPa and tensile modulus of 1.06 GPa which are 36% and 68% higher than those of the plain polyester respectively. The flexural strength of banana-EFB composites is decreased, whereas flexural modulus has shown a mixed trend compared to that of plain polyester. The specific flexural modulus of the composite is 1.42 times to that of polyester resin and the work of fracture in impact is found to be 141.7 J/m.
HIV Positive Status Disclosure and Associated Factors among HIV Positive Adults in Axum Health Facilities, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Background: Disclosure of HIV positive status to sexual partners, friends or relatives is a main tool for prevention and care strategies. Significant proportions of HIV positive adults never disclose their HIV positive status. Identifying factors associated with disclosure is necessary to freely disclose of HIV positive status result to their sexual partners, parents and friends to achieve a goal ‘zero new infection. ’ Objective: This study was aimed to assess the HIV positive status disclosure and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending in Axum health facilities, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from July - August, 2013 in Axum St. Marry hospital and Axum health center. After verbal consent was obtained data were collected by trained counselors and ART nurses using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS version 16 databases. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify associated factors for disclosure of HIV positive status at 95% confidence intervals and p-value of 0.05. Results: A total of 361 respondents were participated in the study of which gives 99.7% of response rate. The majority (80.1%) disclosed their HIV positive result to at least one person and among currently have sexual partner, 81.2% disclosed to their current sexual partner. marital status of the respondents, [(AOR = 3.70; 95% CI, 1.206 – 11.39)] knowledge of partner’s HIV status [(AOR= 3.43; 95% CI, 1.02– 11.5)] and member of Anti- HIV/AIDS association [(AOR = 4.81; 95% CI, 1.01 – 23.05)] had significant association with disclosure of HIV positive status. Conclusion: The rate of HIV positive status disclosure among HIV positive adults still continued to be low. Marital status of respondents, knowledge of partners HIV status, and a member of Anti- HIV/AIDS association were identified as predictors of HIV positive status disclosure.
Antiproliferative and antibacterial activity evaluation of red microalgae Rhodosorus marinus

Antiproliferative activity of three extracts obtained from red microalgae Rhodosorus marinus was evaluated against cervical (HeLa), colon (HCT 116), lung (A549), prostate (22Rv-1) and breast (HCC38 and MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. Antibacterial activity of these extracts was also tested against Salmonella choleraesuis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. All extracts were obtained from lyophilized biomass of red microalgae. Extract A was obtained using 40% ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography with G-25 sephadex. Extract B was subjected to a similar process, but 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation was used. Extract C was obtained by methanol extraction and hydrophobicity chromatography using amberlite XAD-2. Protein concentration was determined in two extracts and total phenols in one extract, using Bradford and Folin techniques. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated at extract concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 1 mg/ml, using the spectrophotometric technique MTT (3 - (4,5 - dimetiltiazolyl - 2) - 2,5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the impregnated disk test. Extract C showed antiproliferative activity against almost all cancer cell lines with an IC50 of 0.5 (HCT 116), 0.8 (HeLa), 0.9 (MDA-MB-231), 0.1 (HCC38), and 0.4 (22Rv-1) mg/ml, whereas none of the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity under experimental conditions. Key words: Rhodosorus marinus, red microalgae, antibacterial activity, antiproliferative activity, methanolic extract.
On the Estimate to Solutions of CongruenceEquations Associated with a Cubic Form

The set of solutions to congruence equations modulo a prime power associated with the polynomial f(x,y) = ax3 + bx2 y + cxy2 + dt + kx + my + n in Z [x,y] is examined and its cardinality estimated by employing the Newton polyhedral technique. The method involves reduction of the partial derivatives of f to single-variable polynomials and finding 8 the determinant factor in the estimation. f x and f yare reduced to one-variable polynomials by the employment of suitable parameters. The Newton polyhedrons associated with the polynomials so obtained are then considered. There exist common zeros of the single-variable polynomials whose p-adic orders correspond to the intersection points in the combination of the indicator diagrams associated with the respective Newton polyhedrons. This leads to sizes of common zeros of the partial derivatives of f. This information is then used to arrive at the above estimate.
Modeling the compressibility of Saturn's magnetosphere in response to internal and external influences

The location of a planetary magnetopause is principally determined by the balance between solar wind dynamic pressure DP and magnetic and plasma pressures inside the magnetopause boundary. Previous empirical studies assumed that Saturn's magnetopause standoff distance varies as DP−1/α and measured a constant compressibility parameter α corresponding to behavior intermediate between a vacuum dipole appropriate for Earth (α≈6) and a more easily compressible case appropriate for Jupiter (α≈4). In this study we employ a 2‐D force balance model of Saturn's magnetosphere to investigate magnetospheric compressibility in response to changes in DP and global hot plasma content. For hot plasma levels compatible with Saturn observations, we model the magnetosphere at a range of standoff distances and estimate the corresponding DP values by assuming pressure balance across the magnetopause boundary. We find that for “average” hot plasma levels, our estimates of α are not constant with DP but vary from ∼4.8 for high DP conditions, when the magnetosphere is compressed (≤25 RS), to ∼3.5 for low DP conditions. This corresponds to the magnetosphere becoming more easily compressible as it expands. We find that the global hot plasma content influences magnetospheric compressibility even at fixed DP, with α estimates ranging from ∼5.4 to ∼3.3 across the range of our parameterized hot plasma content. We suggest that this behavior is predominantly driven by reconfiguration of the magnetospheric magnetic field into a more disk‐like structure under such conditions. In a broader context, the compressibility of the magnetopause reveals information about global stress balance in the magnetosphere.
Risk Factors and Outcome of Obstructed Labour at a tertiary care Hospital

Background: Obstructed labour is one of the most common preventable cause of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the risk factors as well as to asses the outcome of obstructed labour. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogra during the period from January 2007 to December 2007. One hundred and five cases with features of obstructed labour were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria in a consecutive method. A detailed history included sociodemographic feature, obstetric history, features of obstruction, intrapartum events were recorded to detect risk factors. Condition of patients, mode of delivery, preoperative and post operative complications, maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded. Results: A total number of 3171 deliveries were conducted during this period and 132 cases of obstructed labour were found constituting an incidence of 4.2%. The highest frequency was found among the unbooked, primigravid patients that were illiterate or only having primary education level. The commonest cause was cephalo-pelvic disproportion (47.5%) followed by fetal malpostion (25.7%) and malpresentation (24.8%). The majority of the patients were between 25-29 years, caeserean section was the most common mode of delivery (78.09%). Maternal morbidity due to different complication accounted for 76.19% of the case while the fetal morbidity was 51.31% of the cases. The maternal mortality was 1% and prenatal mortality was 24.76%. Conclusion: In this study the incidence of obstructed labour was very high. The commonest cause was cephalo-pelvic disproportion followed by fetal malpostion and malpresentation.
Genotype × environment interactions and heritability of quantitative resistance to net blotch in Tunisian barley

A doubled-haploid barley population derived from a cross between the Tunisian cultivar ‘Roho’ and the local line ‘90’ was used to assess the genotype x environment interaction, heritability estimates and correlations between disease parameters of net blotch resistance at adult growth stage in three environments. Net blotch reaction was evaluated using the mass disease index, the area under the disease progress curve and the apparent infection rate. The DH lines showed different levels of quantitative resistance to Pyrenophora teres under low, moderate and high epidemic conditions. Large variation of the mass disease index, the area under the disease progress curve and the apparent infection rate was obtained under high-pressure conditions that facilitate identifying tolerant lines. Significant genotypic differences were noted, however preponderant genotype x environment interactions were the major sources of variation. Broad sense heritability values were large for all parameters using data from single environment and low for the mass disease index, the area under disease progress curve and the apparent infection rate using estimates from different growing conditions. In a single environment, resistance related parameters were found to be genetically associated. Excepting mass disease index, lack of associations between area under the disease progress curve and apparent infection rate measured on the three field conditions were obtained. The results obtained suggest that loci for mass disease index may be pleiotropic or linked and loci for areas under the disease progress curve and apparent infection rate may be independent. Multi-location screening for quantitative resistance to P. teres should be considered in a breeding program.
Precision calculations of the cosmic shear power spectrum projection

We compute the spherical-sky weak-lensing power spectrum of the shear and convergence. We discuss various approximations, such as flat-sky, and first- and second-order Limber equations for the projection. We find that the impact of adopting these approximations is negligible when constraining cosmological parameters from current weak-lensing surveys. This is demonstrated using data from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey. We find that the reported tension with Planck cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy results cannot be alleviated. For future large-scale surveys with unprecedented precision, we show that the spherical second-order Limber approximation will provide sufficient accuracy. In this case, the cosmic-shear power spectrum is shown to be in agreement with the full projection at the sub-percent level for l > 3, with the corresponding errors an order of magnitude below cosmic variance for all l. When computing the two-point shear correlation function, we show that the flat-sky fast Hankel transformation results in errors below two percent compared to the full spherical transformation. In the spirit of reproducible research, our numerical implementation of all approximations and the full projection are publicly available within the package NICAEA at http://www.cosmostat. org/software/nicaea.