Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New vascular plant records for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Abstract The Canadian Arctic Archipelago is a vast region of approximately 1,420,000 km2, with a flora characterized by low species diversity, low endemicity, and little influence by alien species. New records of vascular plant species are documented here based on recent fieldwork on Victoria and Baffin Islands; additional records based on recent literature sources are mentioned. This paper serves as an update to the 2007 publication Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and brings the total number of vascular plants for the region to 375 species and infraspecific taxa, an increase of 7.7%. Three families (Amaranthaceae, Juncaginaceae, Pteridaceae) and seven genera (Cherleria L., Cryptogramma R. Br., Platanthera Rich., Sabulina Rchb., Suaeda Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel., Triglochin L., Utricularia L.) are added to the flora, and one genus is deleted (Minuartia L.). Five species are first records for Nunavut (Arenaria longipedunculata Hultén, Cryptogramma stelleri (S.G. Gmel.) Prantl, Puccinellia banksiensis Consaul, Saxifraga eschscholtzii Sternb. , Utricularia ochroleuca R.W. Hartm. )
Oral High-Dose Multivitamins and Minerals After Myocardial Infarction

BACKGROUND Whether high-dose multivitamins are effective for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic disease is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess whether oral multivitamins reduce cardiovascular events and are safe. DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 factorial, multicenter, randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00044213) SETTING: 134 U.S. and Canadian academic and clinical sites. PATIENTS 1708 patients aged 50 years or older who had myocardial infarction (MI) at least 6 weeks earlier and had serum creatinine levels of 176.8 mol/L (2.0 mg/dL) or less. INTERVENTION Patients were randomly assigned to an oral, 28-component, high-dose multivitamin and multimineral mixture or placebo. MEASUREMENTS The primary end point was time to total death, recurrent MI, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for angina. RESULTS The median age was 65 years, and 18% of patients were women. The qualifying MI occurred a median of 4.6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.6 to 9.2 years) before enrollment. Median follow-up was 55 months (IQR, 26 to 60 months). Patients received vitamins for a median of 31 months (IQR, 13 to 59 months) in the vitamin group and 35 months (IQR, 13 to 60 months) in the placebo group (P = 0.65). Totals of 645 (76%) and 646 (76%) patients in the vitamin and placebo groups, respectively, completed at least 1 year of oral therapy (P = 0.98), and 400 (47%) and 426 (50%) patients, respectively, completed at least 3 years (P = 0.23). Totals of 394 (46%) and 390 (46%) patients in the vitamin and placebo groups, respectively, discontinued the vitamin regimen (P = 0.67), and 17% of patients withdrew from the study. The primary end point occurred in 230 (27%) patients in the vitamin group and 253 (30%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.75 to 1.07]; P = 0.21). No evidence suggested harm from vitamin therapy in any category of adverse events. LIMITATION There was considerable nonadherence and withdrawal, limiting the ability to draw firm conclusions (particularly about safety). CONCLUSION High-dose oral multivitamins and multiminerals did not statistically significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients after MI who received standard medications. However, this conclusion is tempered by the nonadherence rate. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health.
Endocrine aspects of obstructive sleep apnea.

CONTEXT Some endocrine and metabolic disorders are associated with a high frequency of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and treatment of the underlying endocrine disorder can improve and occasionally cure OSA. On the other hand, epidemiological and interventional studies suggest that OSA increases the cardiovascular risk, and a link between OSA and glucose metabolism has been suggested, via reduced sleep duration and/or quality. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We reviewed the medical literature for key articles through June 2009. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Some endocrine and metabolic conditions (obesity, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary disease, etc.) can be associated with OSA. The pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA in these cases are reviewed. In rare instances, OSA may be improved or even cured by treatment of underlying endocrine disorders: this is the case of hypothyroidism and acromegaly, situations in which OSA is mainly related to upper airways narrowing due to reversible thickening of the pharyngeal walls. However, when irreversible skeletal defects and/or obesity are present, OSA may persist despite treatment of endocrine disorders and may thus require complementary therapy. This is also frequently the case in patients with obesity, even after substantial weight reduction. CONCLUSIONS Given the potential neurocognitive consequences and increased cardiovascular risk associated with OSA, specific therapy such as continuous positive airway pressure is recommended if OSA persists despite effective treatment of its potential endocrine and metabolic causes. "Apropos of sleep, that sinister adventure of all our nights, we might say that men go to bed daily with an audacity that would be incomprehensible if we did not know that it is the result of ignorance of the danger. " Charles Baudelaire, in "Fusées, IX"
Modulation of a Recombinant Glycine Transporter (GLYT1b) by Activation of Protein Kinase C

Abstract: Treatment of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293 cells) expressing the mouse glycine transporter 1 (GLYT1b) with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) decreased specific [3H]glycine uptake. This down‐regulation resulted from a reduction of the maximal transport rate and was blocked by the PKC inhibitors 1‐(5‐isoquinolinylsulfonyl)‐2‐methylpiperazine (H7) and staurosporine. The inhibitory effect of PMA treatment was also observed after removing all five predicted phosphorylation sites for PKC in GLYT1b by site‐directed mutagenesis. These data indicate that glycine transport by GLYT1b is modulated by PKC activation; however, this regulation may involve indirect phosphorylation mechanisms.
Comparison of diagnostic evaluations for cough among initiators of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers

Differential diagnostic evaluation associated with a drug may bias effect estimates because of an increased detection of preclinical outcomes. Persistent cough is a common side effect with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), and we hypothesized that ACEI initiators would undergo more diagnostic evaluations, potentially leading to diagnosis of preclinical lung cancer. We compared the incidence of cough‐related diagnostic evaluations and lung cancer among ACEI versus angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) initiators.
PHARMACODYNAMICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS 5 á-Reductase Isozyme Sensitivity to Finasteride : Species Differences

Finasteride is the first 5á-reductase inhibitor that received clinical approval for the treatment of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss). These clinical applications are based on the ability of finasteride to inhibit the Type II isoform of the 5á-reductase enzyme, which is the predominant form in human prostate and hair follicles, and the concomitant reduction of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In addition to catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the reduction of testosterone, both isoforms of the 5á-reductase enzyme are responsible for the reduction of progesterone and deoxycorticosterone to dihydroprogesterone (DHP) and dihydrodeoxycorticosterone (DHDOC), respectively. Recent preclinical data indicate that the subsequent 3á-reduction of DHT, DHP and DHDOC produces steroid metabolites with rapid non-genomic effects on brain function and behavior, primarily via an enhancement of ã-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Consistent with their ability to enhance the action of GABA at GABAA receptors, these steroid derivatives (termed neuroactive steroids) possess anticonvulsant, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in addition to altering aspects of sexualand alcohol-related behaviors. Thus, finasteride, which inhibits both isoforms of 5á-reductase in rodents, has been used as a tool to manipulate neuroactive steroid levels and determine the impact on behavior. Results of some preclinical studies and clinical observations with finasteride are described in this review article. The data suggest that endogenous neuroactive steroid levels may be inversely re53 CNS Drug Reviews Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 53–76 © 2006 The Authors Journal compilation © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Inc. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Deborah A. Finn, Ph. D. , VAMC Research (R&D-49), 3710 SW U. S. Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97239 USA; Tel. : +1 (503) 721-7984; Fax: +1 (503) 273-5351; E-mail: finnd@ohsu.edu lated to symptoms of premenstrual and postpartum dysphoric disorder, catamenial epilepsy, depression, and alcohol withdrawal.
Numerical electromagnetic analysis of GSM tower under the influence of lightning over-voltage using Method of Moments

In the last twenty years, the widespread use of sensitive electronic devices in telecommunication systems and power systems has increased the interest in transients, in particular those caused by lightning (direct and/or indirect) strokes. Lightning over-voltage, causing unpredictable and accidental interruption in these systems, is a very important factor also in telecommunication systems and transmission lines. So the electromagnetic interference analysis of different communication towers under the influence of lightning over-voltage is necessary to avoid these unexpected interruptions. This paper presents a numerical electromagnetic simulation of direct lightning stroke for the EMI analysis of a full-size GSM tower utilizing method of moments. This analysis is also a primary factor that can give approximate solution, helpful for correct EMC design of transient protection circuits for GSM base-station.
Bone transport over an intramedullary nail A case report with histologic examination of the regenerated segment

Bone transport is useful for the treatment of segmental defects, non-union and osteomyelitis. Bone transport has been compared to conventional techniques for the treatment of segmental defects and infection and found to provide better restoration of leg length, to need less cancellous grafting, to have fewer graft fractures and to require less operating time and hospital stay and to have a lower disability [1±3]. When comparing bone transport with cancellous grafting rates of union and infection have been found to be similar [1±3]. Bone transport over an intramedullary nail has been reported in animal studies [4,5] and in small clinical trials [6±9]. There are clear advantages to intramedullary ®xation during bone transport, including improved rigidity of the ®xation construct [8,10]. This has been suggested to be an important mechanical factor for optimal regeneration; other advantages include maintenance of anatomic length and alignment and early removal of the external ®xation system, permitting improved patient mobilisation and muscle function [11]. However, bone transport over an intramedullary nail undermines two of Ilizarov's principles for optimising osteogenesis: preservation of blood supply and preservation of medullary osteogenic tissue, thereby possible compromising the viability of the regenerating segment [12]. Yet, studies using sheep and goat models of distraction osteogenesis over an intramedullary nail do not demonstrate compromise of the regenerating segment [4,10]. Important questions remain regarding viability of the transport segment, the healing pattern of the regenerating segment in humans, the capacity of the endosteum to contribute to primary healing [6] and the observed asymmetry in healing between posterolateral and anteromedial regions of the tibia [4,10]. In this paper a case of intercalary segment bone transport performed over an intramedullary nail for the treatment of a tibial non-union with large segmental bone loss is reported. The radiographic and histologic features of the regenerating segment in a human are described and the in ̄uence of an intramedullary device on distraction osteogenesis during bone transport is discussed.
On the mass of a uniform density star in higher dimensions

Within the framework of higher dimensions the mass of a uniform density star is evaluated. The four-dimensional upper bound for the mass-to-radius ratio obtained by Schwarzschild is generalized within the framework of higher-dimensional spacetime. It is found that the analogue upper bound for the mass-to-radius ratio in higher dimensions tends to increase at first as the number of dimensions of spacetime increases, it attains a maximum at nine dimensions and thereafter decreases. It is found that D = 4 is the lowest number of spacetime dimensions for which the mass-to-radius ratio of a uniform density star can be derived.
Cutaneous onchocerciasis: immunohistochemical detection of mast cell population.

To the Editor: The population of mast cells in onchocercoma has been studied in the past with histochemical methods, and also with immunohistochemical staining against tryptase and chymase, which demonstrated a high number of those cells. Mast cells stood out easily with the antibody for CD117 by immunohistochemistry, and some facts seem to indicate that CD117 is a better marker for the mast cell population than either tryptase or chymase. In the first place, CD117 is also expressed by mast cell precursors, which gives a better idea of the recruitment of the total mast cell population in an inflammatory process. In the second place, tryptase is also expressed by basophile and monocyte precursors, whereas this does not happen with CD117. We, therefore, considered it interesting to study the population of mast cells by immunohistochemistry in a case of cutaneous onchocerciasis, which we had seen recently. Our patient, a 22-year-old woman, came to the consultancy of dermatology complaining of a nodule on her right arm, which she had first noticed 1 year ago. The nodule ‘‘inflamed’’ periodically. Curiously, she had already come to the emergency room 5 months ago, owing to a general pruritus that was not filiated. The patient was having no drugs. The examination showed a reddish nodule, 2 cm in its biggest diameter. It was excised and when removed, a white filamentous structure was seen below the nodule (Fig. 1). This white structure was easily removed from the tissue and it was only when the process was finished, when some movements were evidenced in the filamentous structure. Under the suspicion that a worm was still alive, both the nodule, as well as the filament, was sent for histopathologic study. Hematologic tests and a fecal examination were prescribed, and an evaluation from the Service of Ophthalmology was recommended. Apart from the fecal test, which did not show any parasites, the patient refused to do any of the other controls and could not be followed-up or treated. The nodule showed a yellowish band in the deep dermis (Fig. 2, top),
Association of Ignitable Liquid Residues to Neat Ignitable Liquids in the Presence of Matrix Interferences Using Chemometric Procedures *,†

Abstract: In fire debris analysis, weathering of ignitable liquids and matrix interferences can make the identification of ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) difficult. An objective method was developed to associate ILRs with the corresponding neat liquid with discrimination from matrix interferences using principal components analysis (PCA) and Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) coefficients. Six ignitable liquids (gasoline, diesel, ultra pure paraffin lamp oil, adhesive remover, torch fuel, paint thinner) were spiked onto carpet, which was burned, then extracted using passive headspace extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Both light and heavy burn conditions were investigated. In the PCA scores plot, ignitable liquids were discriminated based on alkane and aromatic content. All ILRs were successfully associated with the corresponding neat liquid using both PCA and PPMC coefficients, regardless of the extent of burning. The method developed in this research may make the association of ILRs with corresponding neat liquids more objective.
A Telomeric Cluster of Antimony Resistance Genes on Chromosome 34 of Leishmania infantum

ABSTRACT The mechanisms underlying the drug resistance of Leishmania spp. are manifold and not completely identified. Apart from the highly conserved multidrug resistance gene family known from higher eukaryotes, Leishmania spp. also possess genus-specific resistance marker genes. One of them, ARM58, was first identified in Leishmania braziliensis using a functional cloning approach, and its domain structure was characterized in L. infantum. Here we report that L. infantum ARM58 is part of a gene cluster at the telomeric end of chromosome 34 also comprising the neighboring genes ARM56 and HSP23. We show that overexpression of all three genes can confer antimony resistance to intracellular amastigotes. Upon overexpression in L. donovani, ARM58 and ARM56 are secreted via exosomes, suggesting a scavenger/secretion mechanism of action. Using a combination of functional cloning and next-generation sequencing, we found that the gene cluster was selected only under antimonyl tartrate challenge and weakly under Cu2+ challenge but not under sodium arsenite, Cd2+, or miltefosine challenge. The selective advantage is less pronounced in intracellular amastigotes treated with the sodium stibogluconate, possibly due to the known macrophage-stimulatory activity of this drug, against which these resistance markers may not be active. Our data point to the specificity of these three genes for antimony resistance.
A Study of Assessing Errors and Completeness of Research Application Forms Submitted to Instituitional Ethics Committee (IEC) of a Tertiary Care Hospital.

INTRODUCTION Application form of research work is an essential requirement which is required to be submitted along with the research proposal to the Ethics Committee (EC). AIM To check the completeness and to find the errors in application forms submitted to the EC of a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS The application forms of research projects submitted to the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India from January 2014 to June 2015 were analysed for completeness and errors, with respect to the following - type of study, information about study investigators, sample size, study participants, title of the studies, signatures of all investigators, regulatory approval, recruitment procedure, compensation to study participants, informed consent process, information about sponsor, declaration of conflict of interest, plans for storage and maintenance of data, patient information sheet, informed consent forms and study related documents. RESULTS Total 100 application forms were analysed. Among them, 98 were academic and 2 were industrial studies. Majority of academic studies were of basic science type. In 63.26% studies, type of study was not mentioned in title. Age group of subjects was not mentioned in 8.16% application forms. In 34.6% informed consent, benefits of the study were not mentioned. Signature of investigators/co-investigators/Head of the Department was missing in 3.06% cases. CONCLUSION Our study recommends that the efficiency and speed of review will increase if investigator will increase vigilance regarding filling of application forms. Regular meetings will be helpful to solve the problems related to content of application forms. The uniformity in functioning of EC can be achieved if common application form for all ECs is there.
Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to colistin combined with carbenicillin or sulfamethoxazole

Thirty isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested (or sensitivity to colistin, carbenicillin, and sulfamethoxazole, as well as to combinations of colistin with carbenicillin or the sulfonamide. The methods used were agar dilution and a combination of agar dilution and disc diffusion. Evidence for antagonism between colistin and sulfamethoxazole found with agar dilution was confirmed by the second method of testing. Some degree of antagonism between colistin and carbenicillin was similarly noted with both methods, but in this case the combination agar dilution-disc diffusion method was not as strongly confirmatory. In review of the available data concerning the susceptibility of Ps. aeruginosa to combinations of antimicrobials, it appears that the combination of carbenicillin with gentamicin offers the greatest promise for successful clinical application.
The effectiveness of an electronic memory aid for a memory-impaired adult of normal intelligence.

The American Journal oj Occupational Therapy Memory disorder is a frequent consequence of acquired brain damage. Usually part of a constellation of deficits, memory impairment may in rare cases occur in persons with normal or near-normal IQ and ability to initiate behavior. This clinical picture may occur following acute infections, arteriovenous malformations, or more infrequently, traumatic brain injury. Despite areas of preserved ability, functional deficits resulting from memory disturbance may be severe (Gianutsos & Grynbaum, 1983) and may necessitate techniques that increase functional independence. This paper describes the use of an electronic memory aid with a memory-impaired patient of normal intelligence. GUsky, Schacter, and Tulving (1986) investigated the ability of people with memory impairment of varying severity to operate and interact with a microcomputer. Results demonstrated that patients could learn to perform basic computer functions, but indicated that the learning may be highly specific. Harris (1984) has reviewed electronic equipment used to assist people with memory impairment in day-to-day living. To be effective, an electronic memory aiel should be (a) readily portable, (b) easy to learn and operate, (c) interactive (i.e., have a programmable alarm), (d) powerful enough to perform the reqUired functions, and (e) attractive (so that the patient will use it). Unfortunately, few devices meet these criteria (Harris) Recently, we have been experimenting with the Psion (pronounced "sigh-on") Organiser, a microcomputer that retails for approximately $150 (see Figure 1). The standard version described here weighs 225 g (8 oz) and has 16K of random access memory (RAM) and 32K of read-only memory (ROM), The whole system is expandable to 128K with additional reasonably priced data packs. The Organiser is small enough to fit into an inside jacket pocket or a handbag, but it has a keyboard large enough for easy data entry, The Organiser has an easy-to-read two-line display. If an entry exceeds the screen's capaCity, it will be scrolled by continuously_ Menu-driven functions include time, which displays time, date, and day; calculator, which unlike most calculators displays the computation as well as the answer so that errors can be eliminated; diary, which allows separate entries to be made for each half hour on any date, even years ahead; and alarm, which can be set to sound independently, with a diary entry, or at varying times prior to a diary entry. In addition, memo pad allows the storage of a wide range of miscellaneous information (e,g" addresses, telephone numbers, and birthdays). Information is accessed by the find command, which will compare any string of letters entered to the content of all records. For example, if a person cannot recall the last name of his friend Harry, he can just