Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restorative Justice ’ s Impact on Participants ’ Psychological and Physical Health 2009-03

Research on restorative justice has cited many positive benefits for participants. For example, restorative justice processes are satisfying to both victims and offenders. However, despite references made to positive impacts on participants’ well-being, few studies specifically examine the impact of restorative justice processes on participants’ psychological health and physical health using specific health indicators. This study utilized a quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design to assess changes in psychological and physical health in 92 participants (50 victims and 42 offenders) who experienced a restorative justice process. Results indicated that the majority of participants did experience positive changes from pre-program to post-program. Future research directions and limitations are discussed. Author’s Note The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Public Safety Canada. Correspondence concerning this report should be addressed to: Tanya Rugge, Corrections Research, Public Safety Canada, 340 Laurier Avenue West, 10E, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0P8; email: Tanya.Rugge@ps.gc. ca. Acknowledgements This study would not have been possible without the support of the staff of the restorative justice programs involved; thank you. Special thanks also to Jim Bonta who provided input into the design of the study, to Karl Hanson for his statistical advice, and our research team colleagues (Leticia Gutierrez, Julie Blais, and Jennifer Walker) who provided feedback on this report. Product Information: November 2009 Cat. No.: PS3-1/2009-3E-PDF ISBN No.: 978-1-100-14208-1
SECOND-ORDER ASYMPTOTICS FOR QUANTUM HYPOTHESIS TESTING

In the asymptotic theory of quantum hypothesis testing, the minimal error probability of the first kind jumps sharply from zero to one when the error exponent of the second kind passes by the point of the relative entropy of the two states in an increasing way. This is well known as the direct part and strong converse of quantum Stein’s lemma. Here we look into the behavior of this sudden change and have make it clear how the error of first kind grows smoothly according to a lower order of the error exponent of the second kind, and hence we obtain the second-order asymptotics for quantum hypothesis testing. This actually implies quantum Stein’s lemma as a special case. Meanwhile, our analysis also yields tight bounds for the case of finite sample size. These results have potential applications in quantum information theory. Our method is elementary, based on basic linear algebra and probability theory. It deals with the achievability part and the optimality part in a unified fashion.
Trading and Shareholder Democracy

We study shareholder voting in a model in which trading affects the composition of the shareholder base. Trading and voting are complementary, which gives rise to self‐fulfilling expectations about proposal acceptance and multiple equilibria. Prices and shareholder welfare can move in opposite directions, so the former may be an invalid proxy for the latter. Relaxing trading frictions can reduce welfare, because it allows extreme shareholders to gain more weight in voting. Delegating decision‐making to the board can help overcome collective action problems at the voting stage. We also analyze the role of index investors and social concerns of shareholders.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Therapeutic options for advanced thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer can be largely classified as well-differentiated, poorly differentiated, medullary and anaplastic. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) includes follicular and papillary subtypes, with the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) on the rise. The mainstay of treatment for DTC includes a combination of surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI) and levothyroxine suppression. DTC portends a favorable prognosis, even in the presence of distant metastases, with a 50% rate of 5-year survival largely due to tumor cell’s sensitivity to RAI therapy influencing disease outcome. In radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-refractory DTC) there is a lower survival rate prompting the use of other therapeutic options available. RAI refractoriness is more common in older patients (age >40), large metastases and lesions that are fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid on position emission tomography (PET). Over the past decade, Identification of genetic mutations in the signaling pathway involved in thyroid tumorigenesis has led to the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); Sorafenib and Lenvatinib in RAI-refractory DTC. Similarly, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) implies an unfavorable 10-year survival rate of only 20% as the principal treatment options focuses on loco regional control via surgical and/or non-surgical options. The approval of TKIs such as Cabozantinib and Vandetanib has introduced an encouraging, novel, systemic therapeutic option for metastatic MTC. Lastly, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) carries the worst prognosis with high recurrence rates. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy and external beam radiation. The FDA recently approved Dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF V600E mutated ATC. Considering the modality of chemotherapy and the expanding field of targeted therapies, the role of the oncologist and interaction with endocrinologist in the management of thyroid cancer needs further clarification aiming at collaborative management plans more than ever. This review summarizes the key phase III trials that led to the approval of TKIs in the treatment of DTC and metastatic MTC. Additionally, the review aims to clarify the patient selection criteria for initiation of TKIs and examine the implications, considerations and adverse effects prior to utilizing targeted therapy. Clinical trials are ongoing with promising results and may contribute to the addition of several targeted molecules and immune check point inhibitors to the therapeutic armamentarium for RAI-refractory DTC, medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Teaching Performance and Moral Principle of the Academic College Advisers

It can be deduced that the sum total of an adviser’s personality which includes his social, moralspiritual and economic functioning and efficacy is highly dependent upon his moral principle. In terms, therefore, of adviser’s performance in whatever field of achieving the goal, his moral principle is a potent factor that is to be reckoned with in order to explain his work attitudes and habits and the qualitative and quantitative aspects of his work performance. This study is focused on the identification of the moral principle and teaching performance of college advisers/professors, as well as the relationship of their moral principle to teaching performance. It is a correlational study that determines the significant relationship between the moral principle and the teaching performance of the engineering college advisers.
Instant‐Expertise in Failure Causation: Developing and Presenting a Network of Causes and Recommendations Extracted from Past Failures

Systems engineering failures like schedule slips, budget overruns, and other setbacks, occur often and can be costly, but the literature provides little guidance on why these failures occur or how to prevent them. In our previous work we argued that systems engineering failures are manifestations of similar underlying problems, and thus leveraged literature on the theory of accident causation, as well as the many accident investigation reports, to understand better how and why project failures occur and potential ways of preventing these failures. We developed a database of over 900 examples of failure causes and over 600 examples of remedial actions. In this paper, we detail our process for building this database into an interactive network‐based solution aid that anyone experiencing problems in their project or organization can access. The interactive solution aid provides the user with “instant expertise” in accident causation and remediation because it provides users with summaries and simplifications of the causes and remediation measures from the failures we studied.
A Location Model for Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems

Multi-constrained Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) are gaining in interest. Especially the dynamic version of the problem gets more emphasis, due to modern service requirements, like short-term or express delivery. Current models reflect the dynamism of a problem by simply considering the number of dynamic requests. A more feature-rich model for the dynamism in Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems (DVRP) would allow an improved design and a better comparison of optimization algorithms. Additionally, a more problem instance specific algorithm selection would be possible. This paper introduces a model for the location of dynamic requests in a DVRP, the Location-based Degree of Dynamism (LDOD). Each dynamic request in every problem variant has inherently a location. Our experiments show a positive correlation between the proposed LDOD and the resulting DVRP solution quality. We conclude the paper with a general discussion and a broad outlook on our research.
A preliminary study of the effect of WebQuests on the writing performance of Saudi female EFL elementary school students

King Saud University, Saudi Arabia yousif@ksu.edu. sa This study investigated how WebQuests, an internet based learning tool, affects fifth grade Saudi female EFL students’ writing skills. The students, a total of 63 in three classes, were given a pretest prior to using WebQuests and a posttest six weeks later. Results indicate that the experimental group outperformed the control group. There were significant differences in favor of the experimental group in terms of vocabulary, grammar, organization, content, length, and total overall score. This study suggests the use of technology in foreign language learning can lead to greater writing achievement among students.
Bandwidth Extension for Deep Speaker Embedding

This paper investigates a novel data augmentation approach to train deep neural networks (DNNs) used for speaker embedding, i.e. to extract representation that allows easy comparison between speaker voices with a simple geometric operation. Data augmentation is used to create new examples from an existing training set, thereby increasing the quantity of training data improves the robustness of the model. We attempt to increase the number of speakers in the training set by generating new speakers via voice conversion. This speaker augmentation expands the coverage of speakers in the embedding space in contrast to conventional audio augmentation methods which focus on within-speaker variability. With an increased number of speakers in the training set, the DNN is trained to produce a better speaker-discriminative embedding. We also advocate using bandwidth extension to augment narrowband speech for a wideband application. Text-independent speaker recognition experiments in Speakers in the Wild (SITW) demonstrate a 17.9% reduction in minimum detection cost with speaker augmentation. The combined use of the two techniques provides further improvement.
Chapter Seven Origins of Self-concept

Questions regarding the origins and nature of self-knowledge are arguably the most fundamental in psychology. What is knowledge about oneself made of and where does it come from? The aim of this chapter is to discuss recent progress in infancy research that sheds new light on these questions. The issue of whether self-knowledge finds its root in language development is first considered. On the basis of recent empirical evidence, I will then assert that self-knowledge does not depend exclusively on language development. Infancy research demonstrates that self-knowledge is expressed at an implicit level long before children become symbolic and competent talkers. The main idea running through the chapter is that at the origin of explicit and conceptual self-knowledge (i.e., self-concept) is an implicit knowledge about the self developing in the preverbal child. The focus here is on the nature of early implicit self-knowledge and its link to later-emerging explicit self-knowledge. In general, the chapter will try to show that infants from birth, and particularly from 2 months of age, develop two types of implicit self-knowledge. On one hand, infants develop implicit knowledge about their own body via self-exploration and self-produced action on objects. On the other, they develop specific knowledge about their own affective dispositions via interaction and reciprocation with others. The origins of these two types of implicit self-knowledge are, respectively, perceptual and social. But prior to this presentation, the origins of self-knowledge in relation to language and the emergence of symbolic functioning by the second year of life should briefly be situated.
Languages without armies : Dialect alignment in word production

More than half of all humans speak multiple languages, and even monoglot speakers tend to encounter multiple regional variations of the same language: dialects. Particularly in diverse linguistic communities, successful communication requires the ability to detect and switch between dialects. So how exactly do speakers store and retrieve the elements of a dialect? Are the words of a dialect tagged as such, allowing generalization of a dialect during conversation? In this two-session picture naming study, we consider whether occasional exposure to exemplars of a nonnative dialect are sufficient to trigger a generalized switch in dialect production in immediate retrieval and/or later recall. In the first session, British English speakers named a series of pictures, followed by British, American, or dialect-neutral corrective feedback. Several days later, participants named the pictures again, without feedback. Results show progressive increases in the production of US-dialect-marked words within each session, as well as higher rates of US-dialect-marked word production in the second session that gradually generalized even to those tokens that had been presented with UK feedback. Such generalization, and self-priming in particular, is consistent with the idea that speakers tag the elements of a foreign dialect much as they would the elements of a foreign language, and use these tags to bias lexical retrieval. ∗School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2AS, UK, g.m. oppenheim@bangor.ac. uk Thanks to Sheikh Yaqub, Jamie Wignall, and the rest of the Bangor Language Production Lab for assistance with data collection and transcription.
Estimating Monetary Policy Reaction Function: The Case of Nigeria

The main responsibility of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is to formulate and implement monetary policy, with the primary objective of maintaining stable prices conducive to balanced and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. It also aims to promote and preserve monetary and exchange rate stability as well as ensure a stable and sound financial system. Nigeria’s monetary policy is anchored on a monetary targeting framework, and price stability represents the overriding objective of monetary policy. The transmission mechanism needs to be continually strengthened. Consequently, there is need to fine-tune the monetary policy framework so that transmission can be more effective and clear and the economic agents can view monetary authority actions as credible. Understanding monetary authorities' behaviour is fundamental and often appears to be a daunting task. Nevertheless, the question on whether rules or discretion should be used to conduct the monetary policy is still unresolved. Thus, the objective of this paper is to estimate a monetary policy reaction function for the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and examine the relevance of the Taylor’s rule in the management of interest rate and inflation for Nigeria. The data utilised spanned 2000:q1 to 2018:q4, sourced from the CBN database. The paper estimated two models of monetary policy reaction function (policy rate and monetary base) for Nigeria. After pre-estimation analysis, it adopted the technique of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) which captures the long-and short-run dynamics of the relationship among the variables. The findings indicated that the monetary authorities should constantly 1 Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, aoadenuga@cbn.gov. ng 2 Associate Professor and Head, Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, jelilov@nileuniversity.edu. ng IJSS, 2019, Volume 3, Issue 16, p. 311-339. 312 track the inflation gap, output gap as well as the divergence in exchange rate differentials between the official exchange rate, bureau de change (BDC) and the prime lending rate cum all-share index. This is critical, given that Nigeria is a major oil exporting country and the volatility in the international oil price is transmitted directly to the economy through its impact on exchange rates. Furthermore, the results indicate that the Bank reacts to a widening gap in the exchange rate premium, which implies that the Bank considers the exchange rate when designing monetary policy in order to avoid exchange rate misalignment and ensure stability of the currency.
Psychological momentum in football: the impact of a last-minute equalizer in a knock-out match

ABSTRACT What could be the impact of a last-minute equalizer on players’ psychological momentum (PM) in a high-stake, knock-out football match? In the current study, 86 competitive male players were asked to imagine that they were playing in a cup final in which they were trailing 1–0 or leading 1–0. Subsequently, participants watched a video clip in which their team or the opponent team scored the equalizer either in the 61st minute or 92nd minute (i.e., last-minute) of regular playing time. Participants indicated their PM after the equalizer. Although the situation became objectively neutral (1–1), results showed that PM was higher when players’ own team scored than when the opponent team did. More importantly, the equalizer had a particularly big impact on PM when the goal was scored last-minute. These results provide a better understanding of PM processes in football, and may explain the euphoria or despair of football players after a last-minute equalizer in a high-stake match.
Developmental Mechanisms of Perceptual Completion

Adults have little difficulty perceiving objects as complete despite occlusion, yet newborn infants perceive partly occluded objects solely in terms of visible surfaces. The developmental mechanisms leading to perceptual completion have never been adequately explained. Here, we examined the potential contributions of motion sensitivity and visual attention to development of perceptual completion in infancy. Young infants were presented with two tasks in which a centeroccluded rod moved back and forth against a textured background to assess oculomotor scanning patterns and perceptual completion. Infants also participated in tasks to assess motion direction discrimination and smooth pursuit. Individual differences in perceptual completion performance were unrelated to either motion direction discrimination or smooth pursuit performance, but were strongly correlated with scanning patterns. Implications for theories of developmental mechanisms are discussed. Index Terms – human development, perceptual completion, object perception, visual attention, motion perception, eye
Modelling of Human Visual Attention

In recent decades, visual attention modelling became a prominent research area. In order to simulate human attention, a computational model has to incorporate various stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention mechanisms. This work explores how low-and mid-level features such as color, motion, depth and shape inﬂuence visual attention in our own eye-tracking experiments. To measure these eﬀects, we utilized various state-of-the-art as well as novel computational models which estimate saliency of a speciﬁc feature. In order to deeper understand the process of selective attention in everyday actions, we conducted several experiments in real environments recorded from the ﬁrst-person perspective. Our results showed that egocentric attention is very individual and diﬀers from 2D image viewing conditions, partially due to binocular cues that enhance viewer’s perception. We therefore suggest to employ specialized models for egocentric vision. Finally, we found out that high-level factors such as individual’s emotions and task-based analysis of visualizations inﬂu-ence human gaze behavior too.
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

When students start an undergraduate engineering course, many have a limited comprehension of water pressure, and find that understanding first hydrostatics and later the concepts of total head and seepage is extremely challenging. Yet this topic is very important in engineering practice, and misconceptions about the water regime often contribute to major failures in excavations and tunnels. This paper describes attempts at the University of Bristol to develop undergraduate civil engineering students’ understanding of pore water pressure through classroom exercises and in the laboratory. In class students are encouraged to explore problems of one-dimensional seepage. Later, working in small groups, students observe flow through a dam built from sand in a seepage tank and compare their empirical flow-net with predictions using a finite element seepage analysis run for them in the laboratory. They measure the permeability of the same sand using a permeameter, which also demonstrates the link between seepage and non-hydrostatic pressure. Using this permeability they compare the predicted and measured discharge from the dam, before they observe failure of the downstream slope of the dam induced when the exit from the underlying drainage blanket is blocked. These activities develop their understanding of pore water pressure, seepage and total head so that many have confidence in their ability to predict and interpret groundwater observations by the time they graduate.
Evaluation of different soilless media on growth, quality, and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under greenhouse conditions

This experiment was conducted during spring growing season of 2018 at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) campus in northern Jordan 32.4950° N, 35.9912° E. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different soilless media such as T: Tuff 100%; TP: Tuff + Perlite 50% each; TPS: Tuff + Perlite + Sawdust 33% each; and TS: Tuff + Sawdust 50% each on some of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics related to the quality and quantity of seedless and baby cucumber cultivars. The experimental design was split plot with factorial arrangements and four replications. The measurements related to plant morphology: height, shoot and root length, shoot root fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and flowers, fruit quality: total yield, weight, diameter, hardness, length and numbers per plant. Fruit total soluble solids, the potential of hydrogen pH and electrical conductivity EC of fruit juice, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content and fruit water content, fruit and shoot biochemical content minerals, organic matters, fats, fibers, and proteins were also measured. The results indicated significant differences in both cucumber cultivars with respect to all parameters studied. Finally, this study concluded that using TS media for seedless cultivar is the best successful growing soilless media as well as the cheapest compared to other solid media used. On the other hand, using TP media for baby cultivar was the superior growing soilless media that was not expensive compared to other universal media. In addition, the TPS media showed minimum growth and low yield in both cucumber cultivars.