Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contagion Effect of Financial Crisis on OECD Stock Markets

In this paper we investigate the contagion effect between stock markets of U.S and sixteen OECD countries due to Global Financial Crisis (2007-2009). We apply Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH model Engle (2002) to daily stock price data (2002-2009). In order to recognize the contagion effect, we test whether the mean of the DCC coefficients in crisis period differs from that in the pre-crisis period. The identification of break point due to the crisis is made by Bai-Perron (1998, 2003) structural break test. We find a significant increase in the mean of dynamic conditional correlation coefficient between U.S and OECD stock markets under study during the crisis period for most of the countries. This proves the existence of contagion between the US and the OECD stock markets.
Demystifying Equity Risk–Based Strategies: A Simple Alpha plus Beta Description

In this article, de Carvalho, Lu, and Moulin consider five risk-based strategies: equally weighted, equal-risk budget, equal-risk contribution, minimum variance, and maximum diversification. All five strategies can be well described by exposure to the market-cap index and to four simple factors: low beta, small cap, low residual volatility, and value. This finding, in their view, is a major contribution to the understanding of such strategies and provides a simple framework to compare them. All except the equal-weighted strategy are defensive and have lower volatility than the market-cap index. Equal-weighted is exposed to small-cap stocks. Equal-risk budget and equal-risk contribution are exposed to small-cap and to low-beta stocks. These three have a high correlation of excess returns, and their portfolios largely overlap. Their portfolios invest in all stocks available and have both a low turnover and low tracking error relative to the market-cap index. The minimum variance and maximum diversification strategies primarily have exposure to low-beta stocks. These two strategies are the most defensive, invest in much the same stocks, and have high tracking error and turnover.
Interrelationships between gut morphology and faeces consistency in newly weaned piglets

A total of 104 weanling piglets was used to study the interrelationships between faeces consistency and mucosal integrity, as assessed by specific aminopeptidase and isomaltase-sucrase activity, villus height and crypt depth. Piglets were weaned at 26 (s.d. 1.4) days of age, weighing 84 (s.d. 0.70) kg. On the day of weaning (day 0), dissection was performed on one group of eight piglets. The remaining piglets were given restricted amounts of diets containing different protein sources. However, during the first 7 days post weaning 72% of the piglets ate on average less than 0.9 of the amount offered and thus actually had ad libitum access to food. On days 3 or 7 post weaning pigs were weighed and euthanased. Diet composition did not effect small intestine integrity and the data were pooled for further analysis. The weight of the stomach, large intestine and pancreas increased with time post weaning (P <0.001). Small intestine weight decreased from day 0 to 3 and was increased again on day 7, exceeding the pre-weaning value (P <0.001). Isomaltase-sucrase and aminopeptidase activities were decreased on days 3 and 7 when compared with day 0. Villus height was decreased after weaning, followed by an increase on day 7 post weaning at the proximal small intestine, but by a further decrease at the mid small intestine (P <0.001). Crypt depth was increased after weaning (P <0.001). Faeces consistency was scored twice a day on a scale from 0 to 3 with increasing liquid nature. The average percentage of days during which piglets had more-liquid faeces was 26%. During the 1st week post weaning, 73% of the piglets showed a faeces score of 2 during at least 1 day. Villus height was positively correlated with food intake level, brush-border enzyme activity and dry matter content of the chyme. Villus height was negatively correlated with more-liquid faeces. Crypt depth was positively associated with the weight of various parts of the gastro-intestinal tract. It is concluded that this study supports the concept that food intake by weaned piglets determines villus height in the small intestine and brush-border enzyme production which in turn determine the risk of diarrhoea development
2 One-Dimensional Cutting Stock Problem 2 . 1 Definition and Mathematical Model

The objective of this work is to apply efficient Simplex basis LU factorization update techniques to improve the performance of the column generation of the Simplex method used to solve cutting stock problems. Only the factored columns actually modified by the change of the basis are carried through to obtain an efficient LU factorization update. The matrix columns are reordered according to a specific given strategy. Thus, sparse factorizations are obtained for any basis without computational effort to obtain the order of columns, since the reordering of the matrix is static and basis columns follow this ordering. The proposed method achieves a reduction of the computational time in the solution of the cutting stock problems compared with the GLPK.
Spatial Varying Relationship between Financial Development and New Firm Formation: Evidence from a Developing Country

This study investigates the spatial varying relationship between financial development and new firm formation in Turkey. Even preliminary findings show that regional financial development spurs new firm formation; evidence from Geographically Weighted Regression stresses the heterogeneous impact of finance, which mostly favours the developed regions. Results for the 2002 to 2009 epoch show impact of finance fluctuates within a range of 0.189 for deposits and 0.082 for credits with the lowest impact observed in Eastern Turkey. This points to the necessity of considering the spatial heterogeneity of regional policies, which underlines that one size does not fit all regions. Key words: Finance, GWR, New firms, Regional development. JEL: R11, R12, R52. Prostorno promenljiv odnos između finansijskog razvoja i nastanak novog preduzeca: podaci iz zemlje u razvoju Rad istražuje prostorno promenljive odnose između finansijskog razvoja i nastanka novih preduzeca u Turskoj. Cak i preliminarni nalazi pokazuju da regionalni finansijski razvoj podstice stvaranje novog preduzeca; dokazi iz geografski ponderisane regresije naglasavaju heterogeni efekat finansiranja, koji uglavnom favorizuje razvijene regije. Rezultati za period od 2002. do 2009. godine pokazuju uticaj finansijskih fluktuacija u rasponu od 0.189 za depozite i 0.082 za kredite sa najnižim uticajem u istocnoj Turskoj. Ovo ukazuje na neophodnost razmatranja prostorne heterogenosti regionalnih politika, sto potvrđuje da jedna velicina ne odgovara svim regionima. Kljucne reci: Finansije, GWR, nova preduzeca, regionalni razvoj.
Seasonal and Ontogenetic Variation in the Diet and Daily Ration of Estuarine Red Drum as Derived from Field-Based Estimates of Gastric Evacuation and Consumption

Abstract The application of ecosystem-based approaches in fisheries management has been limited by a lack of empirical data for quantifying the ecological interactions among many common and valuable fishery species. The red drum Sciaenops ocellatus, a large, carnivorous member of estuarine communities, is experiencing population recovery throughout its range in the U.S. South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Using a field-based approach, we determined seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the contribution of valuable fishery resource species to red drum diets, estimated red drum daily ration, and quantified per capita and population-level predation by juvenile and subadult red drum in a North Carolina estuarine system. Despite seasonal, interannual, and ontogenetic variation in diet composition, red drum fed mainly on macrocrustaceans and juvenile fishes, including several economically important resource species (e.g., blue crab Callinectes sapidus, penaeid shrimp, and Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus). Both juvenile and subadult red drum demonstrated strong diel feeding patterns, with peak feeding occurring during the hours just after dark. Gastric evacuation rates during periods of declining gut fullness were estimated on seven sampling dates and produced mean daily ration estimates between 1.2% and 3.4% of predator mass depending on age-group. Combining field-observed red drum growth rates with published laboratory estimates of gross growth efficiency suggested that our estimates of daily ration were likely biased low. During the seasonal period of rapid growth, the aggregate consumption of blue crabs, penaeid shrimp, and Atlantic menhaden by juvenile and subadult red drum in North Carolina waters was estimated at 3.4 × 106 to 5.1 × 106 kg/year.
HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEPRESSION IN WOMEN WITH FIBROMIALGIA SYNDROME : EFFECTS OF A LONG-TERM EXERCISE

Cilj raziskave je oceniti učinke programa za bolnice s fibromialgijo (FM), sestavljenega iz aerobnih vaj ter vaj za moč in gibljivost. Namen študije je ugotoviti učinke tega programa na kakovost življenja, povezano z zdravjem in psihološkim zdravstvenim stanjem. Dvainštirideset žensk s FM smo naključno razporedili v eksperimentalno skupino, ki je 24 tednov izvajala aerobno vadbo ter vaje za moč in gibljivost oziroma v kontrolno skupino. Zdravstveno stanje smo ocenjevali z vprašalnikom Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), njihovo psihično zdravje pa z Beckovim vprašalnikom depresivnosti (BVD). Po izvajanju programa kombinirane vadbe je bilo ugotovljeno precejšnje izboljšanje, tako v kakovosti življenja (SF-36) kot tudi v psihičnem zdravju (depresija). Izboljšanje smo ugotovili tudi z drugimi lestvicami SF-36, ki merijo mentalno zdravje, telesno funkcioniranje, telesno bolečino in vitalnost. Stanje pri kontrolni skupini se je v nekaterih spremenljivkah, kot je telesna bolečina, poslabšalo. Rezultati potrjujejo, da se bolnicam s FM priporoča izvajanje kombinirane aerobne vadbe z vajami za moč in gibljivost, saj takšna vadba pripomore k boljšemu psihičnemu zdravstvenemu stanju. Ključne besede: fibromialgija, vadba, depresija, kakovost življenja Abstract
Experiences of Therapeutic Hypothermia Therapy on Six Cases with Persistent: Pulmonary Hypertension and Moderate to Severe Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy using Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy

We experienced six cases who could undergo therapeutic hypothermia (TH) therapy combined with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy and one persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) case who could undergo and stop TH during 2002-2014. We experienced no complication in these six cases. We have compared perinatal factors, MRI findings around one-year-old, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and developmental quotient around one and a half year old between 6 cases who underwent TH therapy completely combined with iNO therapy (TH+iNO group) and 38 cases who underwent only TH therapy (TH group). There are no significant differences of perinatal factors, MRI findings, GMFCS, and developmental quotient between (TH+iNO group) and (TH group). These results showed TH could be performed safely for HIE cases with PPHN combined with iNO therapy maintaining the stable condition of respiration and circulation. We need to investigate more PPHN cases with iNO therapy to clarify criteria which cases could be performed TH therapy safely.
Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Mitigates Liver Injury Via Inhibiting Proliferation Of NKT Cells And Promoting Proliferation Of Tregs

Purpose Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) is a replacement for glycyrrhizic acid, which is used as a hepatic protector in clinical practice for most liver diseases. The potential role of immune response during autoimmune hepatitis—induced by concanavalin A (Con A)—remains to be elucidated. Methods C57BL/6J mice were treated with two different doses of DG (75 and 200 mg/kg) 2 hrs before administering Con A. The mice were sacrificed after administering Con A for 0, 6, and 24 hrs. Liver damage grade and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin levels were evaluated. The expression level of cleaved-caspase 3 in liver was detected by Western blotting. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in liver were detected by RT-PCR. Thymus, peripheral blood, spleen, and liver tissues were collected to analyze the percentages of NKT cells, subsets of CD4+CD25−CD69+ and CD8+CD69+ T cells, and subsets of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Results Our results revealed that DG pre-treatment significantly decreased the serum ALT and AST levels and improved the histological damage in Con A-induced autoimmune liver injury. Pre-treatment with DG down-regulated the inflammatory cytokines upon challenge with Con A. The DG pre-treatment inhibited the apoptosis of T lymphocytes in the thymus. Further, it effectively suppressed the proliferation of CD4+CD25−CD69+ and CD8+CD69+ subsets in the peripheral blood and spleen. In addition, the DG pretreatment significantly downregulated the frequency of NKT cells, while upregulating the frequency of Tregs in the liver. Conclusion We believe that the potential protective effect of DG against Con A-induced hepatitis may be partially attributed to its inhibitory activities on inflammatory cytokines in the livers, lymphocyte apoptosis in the thymus, NKT cells proliferation, and activation of CD8+T cells; further, there may also be a possibility of DC promoting Tregs proliferation.
Sensory and chemical characteristics of Canadian ice wines

Fifty-one Canadian ice wines, representative of a range of varieties and vintages, were evaluated chemically and 20 wines further evaluated sensorally. Ice wines from British Columbia and Ontario were significantly different for a range of chemical and sensory attributes. British Columbia ice wines had higher titratable acidity, acetic acid and glucose, and lower colour and ethyl acetate content compared with those from Ontario. Apricot, raisin, honey and oak aromas were more pronounced in Ontario ice wines, while British Columbia ice wines had higher intensities of pineapple and oxidized aromas. Riesling ice wines had higher titratable acidity and glucose and lower pH and A420 values compared with Vidal. Vintage effects were also found for pH, A420, glucose, fructose, ethanol and ethyl acetate. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Survey of O VI absorption in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present a survey of interstellar O VI absorption in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) towards 70 lines of sight based onFarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer(FUSE) observations. The survey covers O VI absorption in a large number of objects in different environmental conditions of the LMC. Overall, a high abundance of O VI is present in active and inactive regions of the LMC with mean logN(O VI) = 14.23 atoms cm −2 . There is no correlation observed between O VI absorption and emissions from the hot gas (X-ray surface brightness) or the warm gas (Hα surface brightness). O VI absorption in the LMC is patchy and the properties are similar to that of the Milky Way (MW). In comparison to the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), O VI is lower in abundance even though SMC has a lower metallicity compared to the LMC and the MW. We present observations in 10 superbubbles of the LMC of which we detect O VI absorption in five superbubbles for the first time and the superbubbles show an excess O VI absorption of about 40 per cent compared to non-superbubble lines of sight. We have also studied the properties of O VI absorption in the 30 Doradus region. Even though O VI does not show any correlation with X-ray emission for the LMC, a good correlation between logN(O VI) and X-ray surface brightness for 30 Doradus region is present. We also find that O VI abundance decreases with increasing distance from the star cluster R136.
The Returns to Participation in the Nonfarm Sector in Rural Rwanda

In this paper, we investigate the differences in outcomes (earnings and consumption) between individuals (households) who participate in the non-farm sector and those who do not. We use propensity score matching methods, where we create appropriate comparison groups of individuals and households. First we find that non-farm self-employed individuals in rural Rwanda have significantly higher earnings than farm workers and non-farm formal employees. Second, we show that the benefits to non-farm self-employment are much higher among the non-poor than among the poor. Third, we show that diversified households, those with a farm and a non-farm enterprise, are less likely to be poor. Finally, farm households who do not participate in the market have significantly lower consumption levels than households that do. However, the benefits to market participation appear to matter less for the poor than for the non-poor. We find little difference in expenditures between market participants and non-market participants, for comparable households in the bottom 40% of the expenditure distribution.
U.S. Medicaid managed care markets: explaining state policy choice variation

State Medicaid programs transfer over $100 billion to private firms to manage the health care needs of beneficiaries every year. As a result of state policy choices, there is a great deal of variation among the states in the scope and use of managed care organizations to serve state Medicaid populations. This research answers the questions about what factors help to explain the variations among states; with a specific emphasis on both the role of interest group populations and bureaucratic capacity. The questions posed are answered utilizing pooled, cross-sectional time series analysis from 1997 to 2007 to test the relationship between Medicaid managed care policy choices and a variety of political, economic, demographic and governmental control variables. The findings from the models suggest that interest groups play an important role in explaining why states choose to use commercial for-profit managed care arrangements. The models also find that states with higher levels of bureaucratic capacity tend to rely less on the use of all forms of managed care in Medicaid contracting, and that state specific managed care markets are positively related to state managed care policy choices.
Application of Evidence-Based Therapies to Children in Foster Care: A Survey of Program Developers

In New York City specifically, Lyons (2001) conducted a survey of the health and mental health needs of foster care children to address concerns about the adequacy of mental health interventions for children in this population. Lyons found that nearly one third of a sample drawn from New York City Administration for Children’s Services (New York City’s child protection services) was classified as having serious emotional disorders compared with 15% in the general population. Lyons also found that 74% of children living in kinship foster care, 73% of children living in regular foster family homes, and 88% of children living in congregate care had diagnosable emotional-behavioral problems. There is no doubt that foster care children in general and in New York City specifically are at high risk for current and long-term mental health problems. These high rates of mental health problems are understood in the context of the multiple risk factors associated with foster care placement. The vast majority of youth served in the United States foster care system have been removed from their homes due to abuse or neglect, a significant risk factor for poor outcomes
with Dried Poultry Dropping Based Diet on

Feed represents the largest single expense input for livestock production. Livestock farmers search for inexpensive feed alternatives, especially when conventional feeds are expensive. Many of these alternative feed are by-products and waste products from the processing of various food and fibre crops, or crop residues, tree leaves, farm animal wastes etc. These alternatives feed can fit into a feeding program as the protein supplement, fibre, energy sources, as a substitute for portion of the ration (Prasad and Rao, 2013). There is a need to explore the possibility of utilizing novel feed stuffs, agricultural crop residues, and agroindustrial by-products as complete feed allowance in comThis experimental trial was conducted to study the effects of dried poultry dropping based diets on the dry matter intake, live weight changes, nutrient digestibility and N-balanceof Konkan Kanyal goats. Thirty Konkan Kanyal goats aged between 9-12 months and with average weight of 13.66 kg were used in a randomized block design (RBD) experiment. The experimental goats were randomly assigned to five treatments (TI-T5). T1 were goats fed with 0% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD), T2 were fed with 20% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD), T3 were fed with 40% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD), T4 were fed with 60% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD), T5 were fed with 80% dried poultry droppings based diets (DPDBD). Mean dry matter intake (kg) was higher in treatment groups supplemented with dried poultry droppings based diet T2, (572.99±18.12), T3, (614.09±27.76), T4, (605.37±32.79), T5 (619.24±9.15) in comparison to the control treatment group T1, (571.47±28.86). The final live body weight (kg) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T5 (19.4±1.27) than T1 (14.72±1.02), T2 (15.45±0.88), T3 (16.03±0.48) and slightly higher than T4 (18.28±1.19). Similarly in feed conversion efficiency T5 (9.0±0.28) and (8.34±0.44) T4 performed significantly (P<0.05) better compared to other treatment groups: T3 (3.53±0.29), T2 (2.88±0.48) and T1 (2.89±0.34). Nutrient digestibility was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T5 in all parameters measured, N-balance was positive across the treatment groups with significant differences across the board. The results of this study suggests that feeding of dried poultry droppings based diets up to 80% inclusion to Konkan Kanyal goats consuming finger millet straw as basal diet would improve the feed value and give satisfactorily performance.
Pilot Study in Evaluating the Side Effects of Chloral Hydrate Sedation in Children

Received September 8, 2001 Abstract Retrospective review was done on 282 children under chloral hydrate sedation for computerized tomography of brain or thorax, electroencephalogram, echocardiogram or brainstem auditory evoked potential studies. The study period was from 1 April, 1997 to 31 March, 1999. Standardized sedation protocol and checklist for pre-sedation assessment, monitoring and discharge assessment were used. The overall risk of prolonged sedation was 8.9%. No statistically significant difference in prolonged sedation could be shown among the different age groups or among the different dosage groups. There was no desaturation, vomiting or paradoxical excitation. Our study suggested the incidence of complications arising from sedation by chloral hydrate might be lower than reported when the maximum dosage of chloral hydrate was limited to 100 mg/ kg or two gram in selected patients. A larger prospective study may be necessary to reassess the need for routine intensive monitoring in all children undergoing sedation by chloral hydrate alone.