Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Nutrient Contents of Durio zibethinus Murr Peel Fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus and Its Addition in PUFA- Concentrate

The objective of this research was to evaluate nutrient contents of Durio zibethinus Murr peel powder fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus and its addition in PUFA- concentrate. There were two experiments have been conducted. First, fermentation process with experimental design of completely randomized treatments, F2: 2 week fermentation, F4: 4 week fermentation, F6: 6 week fermentation, and F8: 8 week fermentation with 4 replications. Second, incorporate the F8 Durio into PUFA- concentrate. Variables evaluated were in first experiment were in vitro VFA, GE, NDF and ADF. In second experiment were nutrient contents and fatty acid profile. Results showed that Fermentation of Durio zibethinus Murr peel powder fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus for 4-6 weeks seems to improve NDF, ADF, and GE ; while, fermentation for 8 weeks and incorporated into PUFA-concentrate could improve crude protein, ether extract and NDF, and lower ADF. However, it decreased fatty acid profile of SCFA, MedCFA, LongCFA, MUFA, PUFA, unsaturated, saturated, P/S, and U/S. Key words : Durio zibethinus Murr peel powder, P. ostreatus , nutrients, fatty acid
Description and evaluation of the Farmax Dairy Pro decision support model

JR Bryant*, G Ogle, PR Marshall, CB Glassey, JAS Lancaster, SC Garcı́a and CW Holmes Farmax Ltd, PO Box 1036, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240; AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442; DairyNZ Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia; Turitea Rd, RD 4, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
Private Standards, Public Governance: A New Look at the Financial Accounting Standards Board

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) presents a puzzle for those interested in the design of private governance institutions: How has this private standard-setter managed simultaneously (1) to remain independent and free of capture, (2) to achieve institutional stability and legitimacy, and (3) to operate in a politicized context in the teeth of opposition from its own constituents? This Article looks to governance design to account for this institutional success. The FASB's founders made a strategic choice between two models of a public regulatory agency, the New Deal model of an independent expert and the post-war pluralist model of a politically responsive regulator. They opted for the New Deal model, structuring the FASB to emphasize independence. Because the New Deal model calls for a normative goal to channel the agency's exercise of discretion, they also undertook to set out a coherent theory of accounting, the "Conceptual Framework," to contain and direct the FASB's decisions and thereby import legitimacy. The Conceptual Framework, however, neither determined nor justified the FASB's subsequent decisions. It nonetheless contributed to the FASB's institutional success by disavowing a neutral posture respecting the conflicting interests of the FASB's leading constituents, explicitly privileging the interests of the users of financial reports (investors and market intermediaries) over the interests of the reports' preparers (large firms and their managers). The FASB's consistent adherence to this repudiation of pluralist responsiveness has had three results. First, it made the FASB's general approach defensible as a matter of economic theory. Second, it triggered political opposition from the preparers that muted allegations of capture even as it resulted in occasional political reversals. Third, it aligned the FASB's institutional mission with that of the SEC, its public overseer, importing institutional stability if not political invulnerability. The FASB remains vulnerable to a secondary capture allegation. Critics charge that its complex, rules-based standards serve the audit firms' interest in lowering the risk of liability while sacrificing the users' interest in "fairly" stated financials; "principles-based" standards would be better. This Article endorses the rejoinder position. What some see as capture also can be characterized as "responsiveness," and the FASB serves a public interest in taking seriously the accounting firms' need for auditable standards. Even as detailed rules can distort the overall story told by a report's bottom line, they make it easier to see what preparers are doing, easing verification and making audit failures and scandals less likely. In this post-Enron era, scandal prevention arguably takes a legitimate place with transparency as a public-regarding goal for the GAAP setter. The FASB emerges as a generator of suboptimal but institutionally-defensible standards. If not ideally legitimate, the FASB has been legitimate enough.
Why Have Negative Nominal Interest Rates Had Such a Small Effect on Bank Performance? Cross Country Evidence

We examine the effect of negative nominal interest rates on bank profitability and behavior using a cross-country panel of over 5,100 banks in 27 countries. Our data set includes annual observations for Japanese and European banks between 2010 and 2016, which covers all advanced economies that have experienced negative nominal rates, including currency union members as well as both fixed and floating exchange rates countries. When we compare negative nominal interest rates with low positive rates, banks experience losses in interest income that are almost exactly offset by savings on deposit expenses and gains in non-interest income, including capital gains on securities and fees. We find heterogeneous effects of negative rates: floating exchange rates, small banks, and banks with low deposit ratios drive most of our results. Low-deposit banks have enjoyed particularly striking gains in non-interest income, likely from capital gains on securities. There have only been modest differences between high and low deposit-ratio banks' changes in interest expenses; high deposit banks do not seem disproportionately vulnerable to negative rates. Overall, our results indicate surprisingly benign implications of negative rates for commercial banks thus far.
A Longitudinal Study on the Quality of Life of Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis Undergoing Continuing Conservative Treatment

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the longitudinal time course of quality of life (QOL) in patients under conservative care and patients who received total hip arthroplasty (THA) by comparing their QOL scores along with the rehabilitation and life style parameters. Methods: Sixty-three female patients (age 58.7±7.1 years) of hip osteoarthritis under continuous conservative treatment were surveyed 4 times in two years by SF-36v2 (a modified version of rating scale SF-36) and an additional questionnaire developed by us. Results: Six patients that received THA during period of survey were designated as the THA group. Among the remaining 57 patients, 37 patients answered all four subsequent questionnaires were designated as non-THA group. The non-THA group was further divided into the rehabilitation continuing group in the hospital (RC group; n=8) and the discontinuing group (non-RC group; n=29) from the results of the questionnaire. The scores of physical functioning at the time of the first survey were significantly lower in the THA group compared to the non-THA group (p
Determining Complete Functional Independence in Patients with a TraumaticCervical Spinal Cord Injury: Proposal of a Two-Level Scale Based on the SpinalCord Independence Measure

Objective: The SCIM scale is a valid measure of functional outcome for the spinal cord injury (SCI) population, but continuous scores are difficult to translate into functional independence (FI). The purpose of this study was to develop a new tool based on the third version of the SCIM questionnaire that would identify patients reaching complete-FI. In order to confirm that this new scale is relevant, we investigated whether it was associated with four factors often proposed as predictors of chronic functional outcome. Design: A prospective cohort study including 109 patients with cervical traumatic SCI was performed. Based on a minimal score obtained on each item of the SCIM questionnaire, the cohort was dichotomized into complete FI (N=52) or non-complete FI (N=57). Baseline characteristics were compared between the two cohorts. A multivariate logistic regression analysis using age, trauma severity, and neurological characteristics of the SCI was performed. Results: 52.3% of subjects reached complete-FI, sustaining less severe neurological deficits, a lower cervical SCI, and a less severe trauma with decreased associated injuries than non-complete FI patients (p<0.05). Incomplete SCI (AIS grade B, C and D) and younger age were the main predictors of complete FI. Conclusions: This new 2-level functional scale is easily applicable in a clinical setting, may be used retrospectively and provide meaningful information to patients and users on the functional recovery in the chronic phase following cervical SCI.
AES BIOFLUX Advances in Environmental Sciences-International Journal of the Bioflux Society Effects of Metarhizium brunneum and Aspergillus spp . on the emergence of coconut leaf beetle parasitoid , Tetrastichus brontispae

Integrated pest management (IPM) for Brontispa longissima, have regarded the discrete utilization of Tetrastichus brontispae and Metarhizium spp. as the most effective control means for the said pest. Combined or additive applications of these two different biocontrol agents have not been documented, although many parasitoids have been found compatible with entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), which resulted to a more efficient pest management. Yet, information is lacking on the susceptibility of T. brontispae, to the commonly used Green Muscardine Fungi (Metarhizium spp.). To fill in this gap, we assessed the susceptibility of parasitoid, T. brontispae to an exotic obligate entomopathogen, Metarhizium brunneum (M.b) and ubiquitous opportunistic Aspergillus spp. representing sections Fumigati (Asp01) and Flavi (Asp02), previously observed to infect B. longissima at 1x10 conidia mL concentration. By evaluating the emergence and survival of T. brontispae, the three fungal isolates were found to be pathogenic to the parasitoid, where a significant decline in number of emerging parasitoids was observed. This negative effect on parasitoids by fungal species pathogenic to B. longissima may complicate or suggestively prevent simultaneous use of EPF with parasitoids as biocontrol agents.
Code and Experiment Data for "Reconstructing paleoclimate fields using online data assimilation with a linear inverse model"

Abstract. We examine the skill of a new approach to climate field reconstructions (CFRs) using an online paleoclimate data assimilation (PDA) method. Several recent studies have foregone climate model forecasts during assimilation due to the computational expense of running coupled global climate models (CGCMs) and the relatively low skill of these forecasts on longer timescales. Here we greatly diminish the computational cost by employing an empirical forecast model (linear inverse model, LIM), which has been shown to have skill comparable to CGCMs for forecasting annual-to-decadal surface temperature anomalies. We reconstruct annual-average 2 m air temperature over the instrumental period (1850–2000) using proxy records from the PAGES 2k Consortium Phase 1 database; proxy models for estimating proxy observations are calibrated on GISTEMP surface temperature analyses. We compare results for LIMs calibrated using observational (Berkeley Earth), reanalysis (20th Century Reanalysis), and CMIP5 climate model (CCSM4 and MPI) data relative to a control offline reconstruction method. Generally, we find that the usage of LIM forecasts for online PDA increases reconstruction agreement with the instrumental record for both spatial fields and global mean temperature (GMT). Specifically, the coefficient of efficiency (CE) skill metric for detrended GMT increases by an average of 57 % over the offline benchmark. LIM experiments display a common pattern of skill improvement in the spatial fields over Northern Hemisphere land areas and in the high-latitude North Atlantic–Barents Sea corridor. Experiments for non-CGCM-calibrated LIMs reveal region-specific reductions in spatial skill compared to the offline control, likely due to aspects of the LIM calibration process. Overall, the CGCM-calibrated LIMs have the best performance when considering both spatial fields and GMT. A comparison with the persistence forecast experiment suggests that improvements are associated with the linear dynamical constraints of the forecast and not simply persistence of temperature anomalies.
Adhesion Energy, Surface Traction and Surface Tension in Fe-Mg Binary Alloys

We present adhesion and surface energies of Fe-Mg binary alloys from simulation studies. The adhesion energy was calculated using the assumption that work is done when atoms come into contact by moving two surfaces from equilibrium position zo to ∞, while the surface traction was determined from the atomic interactions between atoms. The surface tension variation with temperature was investigated from the diffusion coefficient obtained by performing molecular dynamics simulations at temperatures above the eutetic temperature of Fe-Mg. It was observed that the structural information as well as the calculated surface tension suggest segregation in Fe-Mg alloys at all investigated temperatures.
The Influence of Parental Gender on the Type of Communication between Incarcerated Parents and Their Children

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Lazzari, Sarah Renee, "The Influence of Parental Gender on the Type of Communication between Incarcerated Parents and Their Children" (2012). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 805.
Common ground for effort sharing? Preferred principles for distributing climate mitigation efforts

This paper fills a gap in the current academic and policy literature concerning how parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change find common ground when distributing commitments and responsibilities to curb climate change. Preferred principles for sharing the effort to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions are compared among 170 delegates and more than 300 observers attending the UN Climate Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009. Respondents were asked to indicate their degree of support for eight effort-sharing principles for mitigation action. The survey results are analysed according to geographical region and party coalition affiliation. The results indicate that voluntary contribution, indicated as willingness to contribute, was the least preferred principle among both negotiators and observers. This could be seen as ironic, given that voluntary contribution is the guiding principle of the Copenhagen Accord. Across regions and party coalitions, agreement was strongest for basing a country’s mitigation level on its capacity to pay in terms of GDP per capita and on its historic greenhouse gas emissions since 1990.
Experimental Study of Burning Rate Behaviour in Confined and Ventilated Fire Compartments

This paper presents an experimental study dealing with the burning rate of pool fire in a confined and ventilated compartment within the framework of nuclear safety research. Based on full-scale pool fire experiments, it provides new information to improve understanding of burning rate mechanisms in confined and ventilated fire scenario. First of all, the paper describes the experiments conducted in both a free atmosphere and a compartment; the facility, instrumentation and fire source are detailed. Then, an analysis is made comparing free atmosphere and compartment burning rate for the same fire scenario (0.4 m 2 TPH pool fire). In compartment, burning rate versus time reveals three different periods: a first period when free atmosphere and compartment burning rate are identical, a second unsteady period, during which the burning rate is higher in a compartment than in a free atmosphere and a third steady period. From video-recorder and image analysis, a detailed description of the second unsteady region shows oscillating and periodic flame behaviour resulting in significant increase of the burning rate. The effects of the ventilation rate and the pool area on this phenomenon are demonstrated. The results provide new experimental information that contribute to improving understanding of burning rate in a compartment.
Images of Methamphetamine Users among Iranian Adolescents: an Application of Prototype Willingness Model

Regarding the increasing methamphetamine use among the Iranian adolescents, our prototype willingness model based study focused on exploring cognitive factors related to methamphetamine use in a sample of adolescents in the Yasuj County, southern of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed among 474 boy adolescent aged 13 to 19 years old. Participants were selected in simple random. Participants filled out a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using bivariate correlations, and linear regression statistical tests at 95% significant level. 12.7% of participants were reported methamphetamine use in lifelong. Our findings showed, was high correlation between prototype and intention (r=0.657) and willingness (r=0.705). We recommend future studies in Iran should be focused on prototypes toward risky behaviors such as methamphetamine use among adolescents. (M. Ataee, T. Ahmadi Jouybari, M. Mirzaei Alavijeh, A. Aghaei, M. Mahboubi, F. Zinat Motlagh. Images of Methamphetamine Users among Iranian Adolescents: an Application of Prototype Willingness Model. Life Sci J 2014;11(4s):224-227). (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 35
The Tangible and Intangible Rewards of Fostering for Carers

Sandra Butler and Marian Charles discuss findings from a small-scale research project examining the dynamics involved in substitute family placements for young people, and assessing the processes demonstrated in fostering breakdowns in terms of the interactions, negotiations and adjustments between the respective parties over time. While briefly exploring carers' expectations of tangible rewards from these experiences, the authors concentrate on the powerful and pervasive effects of intangible rewards. These relate to carers' beliefs that love and care would be reciprocated, that young people would express gratitude, and that they would change sufficiently to fit into their substitute family. Recognising that tangible rewards alone are insufficient to retain carers' valuable services and resources on any long-term basis, the article concludes with suggestions for attending to intangible rewards as a means of maintaining carers' role satisfaction through a crucial sense of a ‘job well done’.
Housing wealth and welfare over the life course

This paper conceptualises housing wealth and welfare across the life course. Drawing from the empirical literature on housing wealth transitions, mainly in the United Kingdom, we develop a framework to capture housing wealth from the cradle to the grave. The gAMUT approach captures four key stages: Accumulation, Managing, Using and Transferring of housing wealth. Beyond housing, other wealth and asset types can be incorporated such as savings, bonds or physical wealth. Based on these four stages welfare benefits and drawback as well as opportunities and risks across the life course are discussed. We show that the benefits of housing wealth are later in life. Yet, homeowners face new social risks throughout the life course, they would otherwise not have to worry about. For instance, utilising housing wealth for care needs is a highly individualised risk. Those who incur little care costs can transfer their entire home to their children, while children with parents who have intensive care needs loose substantial amounts of their inheritance. We conclude that housing wealth accumulation potentially has huge individual welfare benefits if managed well and within fortunate economic environment, but is a poor financing mechanism to cover social risks
Improved Management Options for Submergence-Tolerant (Sub1) Rice Genotype in Flood-Prone Rainfed Lowlands of West Bengal

Flash flood or submergence is a common phenomenon in rice growing rainfed lowland areas that seriously affects crop establishment leading to severe yield losses. A few submergence-tolerant rice varieties have been developed by introgressing SUB1 gene into mega rice varieties of South Asia. Two of these, Swarna-Sub1 and Sambha Mahsuri-Sub1, are already released in India for the commercial cultivation. Performance of these varieties can be further enhanced through adoption of appropriate management practices both in nursery and in main field. Two on-station field experiments were conducted using Swarna-Sub1 during the wet season (kharif) of 2011 at Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal (India). Results of these experiments revealed that the use of lower seeding density (25 g m-2), application of balanced doses of N-P2O5-K2O @ 80-40-40 kg ha-1 in nursery and transplanting of aged seedlings (44 days) significantly improved plant survival, yield attributing traits and grain yield. An additional N-dose of 20 kg ha-1 at 7 days after receding of flood water resulted in better post-submergence recovery and maximum grain yield. In the on-farm trials conducted at three different locations in West Bengal, nursery raising of seedlings with the application of N-P2O5-K2O @ 80-40-40 kg ha-1, transplanting them at an optimum age (35 days) and application of 20 kg·N ha-1 after 7 days of de-submergence produced maximum grain yield of Swarna-Sub1.
Methane uptake responses to nitrogen deposition in three tropical forests in southern China

[1] Methane (CH4) uptake responses to simulated nitrogen (N) deposition in a mature forest, a rehabilitated forest and a disturbed forest in tropical China were studied. The experiment was designed with four N treatment levels (three replicates) (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha−1 a−1 for Control, Low-N, Medium-N, and High-N treatment, respectively) in the mature forest, but only three levels (Control, Low-N, and Medium-N) in the disturbed and rehabilitated forests. Between October 2005 to September 2006, soil CH4 flux was measured once a week from April to September and once every other week in the other time using static chamber and gas chromatography techniques. Monthly ammonium-nitrate (NH4NO3) application had been applied previously to the plots since July 2003 and continued during the CH4 flux measurement period. The average CH4 uptake rates in control plots were −41.1 ± 1.8, −28.6 ± 2.2, and −17.8 ± 1.6 μg CH4-C m−2 h−1 in the mature, rehabilitated, and disturbed forest, respectively. For the mature forest, average CH4 uptake rates decreased by 6, 14, and 32% when compared to the control plots for the Low-N, Medium-N, and High-N plots, respectively. These decreases in soil CH4 uptake mainly occurred in the fall (October and November). Nitrogen additions had no significant effect on CH4 uptake in the rehabilitated and disturbed forests. Our results suggest that the response of soil CH4 uptake to N deposition in tropical forests may vary depending on the soil N status directly, and on land-use history of the forest indirectly.