Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Level Wavelet Transformation Based 3d-Breast Mammographic Image Classification

This paper proposes an automatic support system for stage classificationof cancer region using probabilistic neural network based on the threshold detection method for medical applications. The detection of the breast cancer is a challenging problem, due to the structure of the cancer cells. This paper presents a segmentation method and wavelet based threshold method for segmenting mammographic images to detect the breast cancer in its early stages. The artificial neural network will be used to classify the status of image that is abnormal or normal. The manual analysis of these samples is time consuming, inaccurate and requires intensively trained person. it will be used as a base for a Computer Aided Diagnosis system for early detection of cancer from mammographic images which will improve the chances of survival for the patient. The experimental result shows that the threshold based segmentation results are more accurate and reliable than other methods.Discrete wavelet transform technique is used for extracting texture features and it decomposed the image into four levels for getting the edge details in horizontal and vertical direction. The Co-occurrence matrix will be determined for these two high frequency subbands for finding the texture features. Probabilistic Neural Network with image and data processing techniques is employed to implement an automated breast cancer classification. Decision making is performed in two stages: feature extraction using Wavelet transformation followed by GLCM and the classification using Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). The performance of the PNN classifier is evaluated in terms of training performance and classification accuracies. Probabilistic Neural Network gives fast and accurate classification than other neural networks and it is a promising tool for classification of the Tumors.
Anatomy and Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing

Revised and updated with a new two-color interior design, this third edition of thebest-selling book continues to make anatomy and physiology accessible to the reader without slighting the content. Accompanied by the completely revised ANIMA 4.0 CD-ROM, which offers interactive learning materials, self-study tests, diagrams, animations, and more, this book provides the user with everything needed to master the content. Clinical information is integrated with everyday experiences to underscore the relevance of anatomy and physiology to communication sciences. Within each chapter there are numerous summary lists to reiterate key information and facilitate comprehension, and end of chapter study questions and answers encourage users to self-test for comprehension. This exciting new edition is a must-have comprehensive book on the anatomy and physiology critical to understanding speech, language, swallowing, and hearing systems.
Terrain portrayal for head-down displays simulation results

The Synthetic Vision Systems General Aviation (SVS-GA) element of NASA's Aviation Safety Program is developing technology to eliminate low visibility induced General Aviation (GA) accidents through the application of synthetic vision techniques. SVS displays present computer generated 3-dimensional imagery of the surrounding terrain to greatly enhance pilot's situation awareness (SA), reducing or eliminating Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT), as well as Low-Visibility Loss of Control (LVLOC) accidents. A critical component of SVS displays is the appropriate presentation of terrain to the pilot. The relationship between the realism of the terrain presentation and resulting enhancements of pilot SA and pilot performance has been largely undefined. Comprised of coordinated simulation and flight test efforts, the terrain portrayal for head-down displays (TP-HDD) test series examined the effects of two primary elements of terrain portrayal: variations of digital elevation model (DEM) resolution and terrain texturing. Variations in DEM resolution ranged from sparsely spaced (30arc-sec) to very closely spaced data (1arc-sec). Variations in texture involved three primary methods: constant color, elevation-based generic, and photo-realistic, along with a secondary depth cue enhancer in the form of a fishnet grid overlay. The TP-HDD simulation experiment addressed multiple objectives involving twelve display concepts (two baseline concepts without terrain and ten SVS variations), four evaluation maneuvers (two en route and one approach maneuver, plus a rare event scenario), and three pilot group classifications. Because of the complexity of this experiment, it is not practical to report on every significant aspect of the simulation in this paper. This paper provides a preview of simulation results by evaluating current tech
Strategies and Models for Teachers: Teaching Content and Thinking Skills

Chapter 1: Models of Teaching and Developing as a Teacher Teachers make a difference The need for instructional alternatives Learning and teaching in today's world Decision making and reflective practice Chapter 2: Learning, Motivation, and Models of Teaching The importance of classroom climate Cognitive learning theory Learner motivation Chapter 3: Essential Teaching Strategies and the Teaching of Thinking Planning for instruction: An essential teaching strategy Learning activities: Implementing essential teaching strategies Essential teaching strategies and the teaching of thinking Chapter 4: Student-Student Interaction Strategies: Groupwork, Cooperative Learning, and Discussions Features of effective groupwork and cooperative learning Groupwork strategies Cooperative learning strategies Discussion strategies Cooperative learning and discussions in different learning environments Chapter 5: The Guided Discovery Model Content taught with the Guided Discovery Model Planning lessons with the Guided Discovery Model Implementing lessons using the Guided Discovery Model Adapting the Guided Discovery model in different learning environments Assessing student learning Chapter 6: The Concept Attainment Model Learning objectives for the Concept Attainment Model Planning lessons with the Concept Attainment Model Implementing lessons using the Concept Attainment Model Adapting the Concept Attainment Model in different learning environments Assessing student learning in Concept Attainment activities Chapter 7: The Integrative Model Learning goals for the Integrative Model Planning lessons with the Integrative Model Implementing lessons using the Integrative Model Adapting the Integrative Model in different learning environments Assessing student learning when the Integrative Model is used Chapter 8: Problem-based Learning Planning Problem-based Learning lessons Implementing Problem-based Learning lessons Inquiry Adapting problem-based instruction in different learning environments Assessing learning in problem-based activities Chapter 9: The Direct Instruction Model Planning lessons with the Direct Instruction Model Implementing lessons using the Direct Instruction Model Adapting the Direct Instruction Model in Different Learning Environments Assessing student understanding when using the Direct Instruction Model Chapter 10: The Lecture-Discussion Model Lectures and lecture-discussions Planning lessons using the Lecture-Discussion Model Implementing Lecture-Discussion Model Adapting the Lecture-Discussion Model in different learning contexts Assessing learning when using the Lecture-Discussion Model Glossary References Index
Dividend Payout, Earnings and Size in Banking Sector: Evidence from Kuwait

Researchers have been puzzled by the distribution of cash and stock dividends, the puzzle stems from the fact that effective tax on cash dividends is higher than that on capital gains, while stock dividends will not affect shareholders wealth as it is merely a capitalization of reserves. Several theories have been introduced to resolve this puzzle. The current study differs from those done on tax based economies due to the fact that in Kuwait there is no tax on dividends or capital gains, thus the tax related issue does not apply and accordingly a clearer insight on the determinants of cash dividends might be reached. The results of this study show a significant impact of profitability, stock dividends, size, and lagged cash dividends, where profitability, size, and lagged cash dividends have positive effect, while stock dividends, has a negative effect. However, the results indicate that the variation in cash dividends is mainly determined by variation in profitability and last year cash dividends. The introduction of stock dividends did not significantly increase the explanatory power of the model, nor did the introduction of size implying that despite their statistical significance, these variables have a limited effect on dividend policy by the sample banks. Accordingly, it might be argued that these results are in support of Lintner’s smoothing hypothesis. 78
Matlab: A Practical Introduction to Programming and Problem Solving

Assuming no knowledge of programming, this book presents both programming concepts and MATLAB's built-in functions, providing a perfect platform for exploiting MATLAB's extensive capabilities for tackling engineering problems. It starts with programming concepts such as variables, assignments, input/output, and selection statements, moves onto loops and then solves problems using both the 'programming concept' and the 'power of MATLAB' side-by-side. In-depth coverage is given to input/output, a topic that is fundamental to many engineering applications. * Presents programming concepts and MATLAB built-in functions side-by-side, giving students the ability to program efficiently and exploit the power of MATLAB to solve problems. * In depth coverage of file input/output, a topic essential for many engineering applications* Systematic, step-by-step approach, building on concepts throughout the book, facilitating easier learning* Sections on 'common pitfalls' and 'programming guidelines' direct students towards best practice
The Subtlety of Sameness: A Theory and Computer Model of Analogy-Making

The research described in this book is based on the premise that human analogy-making is an extension of our constant background process of perceiving - in other words, that analogy-making and the perception of sameness are two sides of the same coin. At the heart of the author's theory and computer model of analogy-making is the idea that the building-up and the manipulation of representations are inseparable aspects of mental functioning, in contrast to traditional AI models of high-level cognitive processes, which have almost always depended on a clean separation. A computer program called Tabletop forms analogies in a microdomain consisting of everyday objects on a table set for a meal. The theory and the program rely on the idea that myriad stochastic choices made on the microlevel can add up to statistical robustness on a macrolevel. To illustrate this, French includes the results of thousands of runs of his program on several dozen interrelated analogy problems in the Tabletop microworld.
Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL: Insights from a Connected World

Businesses, entrepreneurs, individuals, and government agencies alike are looking to social network analysis (SNA) tools for insight into trends, connections, and fluctuations in social media. Microsoft's NodeXL is a free, open-source SNA plug-in for use with Excel. It provides instant graphical representation of relationships of complex networked data. But it goes further than other SNA tools -- NodeXL was developed by a multidisciplinary team of experts that bring together information studies, computer science, sociology, human-computer interaction, and over 20 years of visual analytic theory and information visualization into a simple tool anyone can use. This makes NodeXL of interest not only to end-users but also to researchers and students studying visual and network analytics and their application in the real world.In Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL, members of the NodeXL development team up provide readers with a thorough and practical guide for using the tool while also explaining the development behind each feature. Blending the theoretical with the practical, this book applies specific SNA instructions directly to NodeXL, but the theory behind the implementation can be applied to any SNA. Walks readers through using NodeXL while explaining the theory and development behind each step, providing takeaways thatcanapply any SNADemonstrates how visual analytics research can be applied to SNA tools for the mass marketPresents readers with case studies using NodeXL on popular networks like email, Facebook, Twitter, and wikis
Advancing the m-learning research agenda for active, experiential learning: Four case studies

This article reports on an m-learning research agenda instituted at our university in order to explore how mobile technology can enhance active, experiential learning. Details of the implementation and results of four areas of m-learning are presented: mobile supported fieldwork, fostering interactivity in large lectures with mobile technology, using mobile devices to learn about mobile technology and, finally, podcasting. These directions are informed by a concern for achieving m-learning practices consistent with sound educational theory and the needs of the contemporary, technologically aware student body. All four implementations have been successfully embedded in mainstream subjects on a continuing basis. Therefore they represent a departure from the project based approach of much m-learning reported in the literature. This outcome was achieved through a focus on the economic sustainability and feasibility of each case. An evaluation focusing on how well each case assisted students' learning found that, with the exception of lecture podcasting, all supported high quality experiential learning.
Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata

Abstract : To what kinds of events can a McCulloch-Pitts nerve net respond by firing a certain neuron? More generally, to what kinds of events can any finite automaton respond by assuming one of certain states? This memorandum is devoted to an elementary exposition of the problems and of results obtained on it during investigations in August 1951.
Integrated mechatronics solution to maximise tractability and efficiency of wheeled vehicles

The objective of this work is to apply mechatronics to increase the stability, tractability and efficiency of wheeled vehicles operating on steep slopes. The essential feature of this work is that both of the two basic methods of steering a vehicle are used so that they both tend to produce the same centre of curvature for the path of the vehicle. This deliberate redundancy means that the inevitable failure of one steering system is prevented by both systems acting in unison. This "steer and drive by wire" system was made feasible due the smart on-board wheel angles and wheel speed control system presented in this paper.
Participatory appraisal for farm-level soil and water conservation planning in West Usambara highlands, Tanzania

Soil and water conservation (SWC) measures are needed to control soil erosion and sustain agricultural production on the steep slopes of Usambara Mountains. The need for SWC has resulted in the development and promotion of several SWC measures by both governmental and non-governmental programmes. However, there is limited information on their physical effectiveness and financial efficiency to convince farmers to invest in SWC. Furthermore, farmers? preferences and the socio-economic factors that influence the adoption of SWC measures have not been adequately considered. As a result, the adoption of many recommended SWC measures is minimal and soil erosion continues to be a problem. This research explored the socio-economic reasons for low adoption of SWC measures in the West Usambara highlands in Tanzania. The research generated both biophysical and socio-economic information that was used to improve the current SWC planning approach. Major SWC measures used in the West Usambara highlands were then appraised using the improved participatory approaches that integrated the physical effectiveness and financial efficiency of the SWC measures and other socio-economic factors of the land users. http://library.wur. nl/wda/abstracts/ab3733.html
Human Performance Engineering: Designing High Quality Professional User Interfaces for Computer Products, Applications and Systems

I. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY. 1. Human Engineering Acceptable Performance. II. THE HUMAN. 2. Human Limits and Differences. 3. Sensing and Responding. 4. Cognitive Processing and Performance. 5. Memory. 6. Motivation. III. THE ACTIVITY. 7. Iterative Design and Prototyping. 8. Usability Studies and Usability Testing. 9. Product Analysis and Definition. 10. Input and Output Devices. 11. Task Analysis. 12. Interaction Issues. 13. Presentation Issues and User Guidance. IV. FACILITATING HUMAN PERFORMANCE. 14. Written Instructions. 15. Training Development. V. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS. 16. Usability Optimization. 17. Physical and Social Environment. 18. Conducting Comparison Studies Using Statistics. 19. Appendix A. Human Performance Engineering (Usability) Resources. 20. Appendix B. Guidelines for Developing Questionnaires. 21. Appendix C. Guidelines for Designing Forms. 22. Workplace Design.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Web Pedagojik İçerik Bilgisinin Web Destekli Öğretim Bağlamında İncelenmesi

Bu arastirmanin amaci, bilgisayar dersini Web Destekli Ogretim(WDO) yontemiyle alan ve sadece bilgisayar laboratuvarinda alan ogretmen adaylarinin Web Pedagojik Icerik Bilgisi’ni(WPIB) incelemektir. Ayrica, interneti kullanma amacina ve gunluk internet kullanim durumuna gore WPIB incelenmektedir. Arastirma, 2012-2013 ogretim yilinda Turkiye’de bir devlet universitesinin Egitim Fakultesi’nde bilgisayar 2 dersini alan %65,9’u (n=420) deney grubunda ve %34,1’i (n=217) kontrol grubunda toplam 637 ogretmen adayi ile yurutulmus olup nicel arastirma yontemi olarak deneme oncesi deneysel desenlerden statik grup karsilastirmali desen modeli kullanilmistir. Veri toplama araci olarak Horzum (2011) tarafindan Turkce’ye uyarlanan WPIB olcegi kullanilmistir. Verilerin cozumlenmesinde Mann Whitney – U ve Kruskall Wallis – H testlerinden yararlanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, genel web, web pedagojik icerik, pedagojik web ve WPIB puanlari deney grubunun lehine anlamli farklilik gostermistir. Interneti iletisim araci olarak kullananlar ile gunde 5-6 ve 6 saatten fazla kullananlarin lehine, WPIB puanlari digerlerine gore anlamli farklilik gostermistir.
The Implementation of Three - Step Interview Technique in Teaching Speaking

There are three objectives of this research (1) to find out whether there is a significant difference of students’ score after being taught through Three – Step Interview ; (2) to know which aspect is the most increase of students’ speaking achievement ; ( 3 ) to find out which topic is the most effective. The method was time series design. The result shows that : (1)Three – Step Interview is applicable to improve the students speaking ability. Students’ mean score in post-test 1 is 45.40 ,post test 2 increase to 61.60; its gain is 16.2 and in post test 3 increase up to 81.20 its gain is 19.6 ; ( 2 ) the most aspect which is increase is grammar in pair 1 and vocabulary in pair 2; ( 3 ) the third topic is most effective. It can be seen from the finding of gain in first pair is 16.20 and in second pair is 19.60 that show its significant value of 0.0000 ( p<0.05 ). Based on the result above, it can be said that Three – Step Interview can be applied in teaching speaking in order to improve students speaking ability. Key words : Speaking, Three – Step Interview Technique
"A Desire for Growth": Online Full-Time Faculty's Perceptions of Evaluation Processes.

Post-secondary educational institutions use various means to evaluate the teaching performance of faculty members. There are benefits to effective faculty evaluation, including advancing the scholarship of teaching and learning, as well as improving the functionality and innovation of courses, curriculum, departments, and ultimately the broader community (Boyer, 1990; Glassick, Huber, & Maeroff, 1997). While there is a body of research related to the evaluation of faculty in traditional settings, there have been fewer studies examining online faculty members’ perceptions of evaluation processes. Further, due to the growth of online education, the existing evaluation scales, including those used in traditional settings, have been questioned (Berk, 2013; Hathorn & Hathorn, 2010; Rothman, Romeo, Brennan, & Mitchell, 2011). This qualitative study examines one university’s online full-time faculty and their perceptions of the tools and processes used to evaluate their teaching. Through a systematic content analysis of survey data, findings indicate that online faculty members have a desire to grow as instructors, infrequently focusing on modality or job expectations as a means for growth. Participants expressed an interest in holistic, descriptive evaluation feedback by a range of stakeholders, particularly those with content knowledge. Study findings have implications for administrators and other
Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns

IN THIS PAPER WE DISCUSS OUR APROACH TO LEARNING CLASSIFICATION RULES FROM DATA. WE STETCH OUT TWO MODULES OF OUR ARCHITECTURE, NAMELY LINNEO AND GAR.LINNEO, WICH IS A KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION TOOL FOR ILL - STRUCTURED DOMAINS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATING CLASSES FROM EXAMPLES THAT INCREMENTALLY WORKS WITH AN UNSUPERVISED STRATEGY. LINNEO´S OUTPUT, A REPRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF THE DOMAIN IN TERMS OF CLASSES, IS THE INPUT TO GAR THAT IS USED TO GENERATE A SET. GAR CAN GENERATE BOTH CONJUCTIVE AND DISJUCTIVE RULES.
Explaining Popular Support for Environmental Protection

The differences in public support for environmental protection among individuals from 50 nations were investigated. Support was determined by the willingness of individuals to make financial sacrifices to protect the environment. The results from multilevel analyses indicated that significant variance exists within and among nations in the level of support. The contextual-level variance was to a substantial degree explained by individual-level variables, capturing compositional effects. Income, postmaterialism, educational attainment, environmental involvement, and age related directly to support for environmental protection. Contextual-level variables—GDP, GDP growth, and average postmaterialist value-orientation of publics—also related directly to levels of support among nations and explained a significant part of the contextual-level variance. The findings are congruent with the affluence hypothesis and Inglehart's subjective values hypothesis. They also point to the necessity of simultaneously assessing the effects of individual- and contextual-level characteristics on proenvironmental attitudes in cross-national research.
An Examination of Research Approaches that Underlie Research on Educational Technology: A Review From 2000 to 2004

This study examines the research approaches that underlie research on educational technology. A classification framework was developed and used when examining all articles published in four well-known journals between 2000 and 2004 (n = 660). The aim of the study was to contribute toward an understanding of the research approaches that characterize research on educational technology. It was found that research is increasingly dominated by empirical articles that adopt a pluralistic approach, both regarding research methods but also regarding different types of non-empirical research. The focus has been to apply rather than develop frameworks, concepts, and theory. Published articles in the four journals were more different from each other than what the aims and scopes of the journals led us to believe. Finally, researchers are challenged to reflect on the state of the field and how it may be further developed.