Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linguistic diversity among Australian children in the first 5 years of life

Abstract Like many English-dominant nations, Australia has a rich history of cultural and linguistic diversity. This diversity is the result of a melting pot of languages including languages spoken by Australia's Indigenous people and languages added by European settlement and subsequent waves of migration from various parts of the world. Despite this rich history of linguistic diversity, little has been documented on the languages spoken by Australian children. The first three waves of data from 5107 children in the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were analyzed to consider language diversity among Australian children in the first 5 years of life. Data were collected from birth at 2-year intervals. At 0–1 year of age, 10.8% of children were reported to have a language other than English used as the main language in their home. When children were 2- to 3-years old, 16.7% were spoken to and/or used a language other than English, and 15.3% were spoken to and/or used a language other than English at 4–5 years of age. The most common languages spoken by Australian children when aged 4–5 years after English were Arabic, Italian, Greek, Spanish, and Vietnamese. Personal and environmental factors significantly associated with use of a language other than English at 4–5 years were parental use of a language other than English, and being a first- or second-generation migrant.
Graft versus Host-Associated Pulmonary Disease and other Idiopathic Pulmonary Complications after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Noninfectious conditions are now the major pulmonary causes of morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) remains one of the more common and serious pulmonary complications within months after transplantation. Epidemiological data suggest that, although graft versus host disease (GVHD) reactions may play an etiological role, the major contributing factor is conditioning-related toxicity. Among lung conditions that are more closely associated with GVHD are both obliterative bronchiolitis (usually occurring months to years after HSCT) and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). The former is an inexorably progressive condition, whereas BOOP behaves similarly to idiopathic BOOP seen in other populations. Also addressed in this article are engraftment syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Knowledge of these complications is now a part of the contemporary practice of pulmonary medicine, no longer isolated to the transplant pulmonologist.
The mobility of memory: space/knowledge dynamics in rural potting workshops in Limpopo Province, South Africa

ABSTRACT The relocation of ceramic craft activities to workshops creates new arenas for knowledge transmission and the acquisition of skills. But it may also cause tensions, due to the breakage or severance of ties to the spaces previously associated with craft learning. Exploring the interplay between the practice and knowledge of ceramic technology on the one hand and the spaces in which technology unfolds on the other, this article focuses on craft knowledge on the move in the Mopani District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Workshop collectives bring together and potentially fuse the various knowledges and skills of Tsonga-, Venda- and Sotho-speaking women. However, changes of workspace also imply moving from potters’ respective homestead spaces to open and shared spaces, occasionally furnished and equipped for industrial-like large-scale production. Significantly, various projects supporting local ceramic craftspeople have encouraged and initially funded the production of new forms of clay objects, entailing outside supplies of special clays and new equipment requiring electricity (e.g. potters’ wheels and kilns). Our study explores the range of problem-solving strategies employed after outside support and clay supply has ceased. Some collectives manage well while others struggle. Commonly, while returning to local clay sources for material is straightforward, it is more difficult to resume craftwork in homestead spaces where knowledge/skills once were acquired. A key aspect is ancestors’ continued roles in human/nonhuman interaction. Centring on space/knowledge tension in relation to craft mobility and always-unfolding processes of entangling/disentangling, our discussion has implications for how we understand the term material memory and relate it to material/immaterial heritage.
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids after occupational exposure

Human nasal lavage fluids (NLFs), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were analyzed with two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and the protein patterns were evaluated with a computerized imaging 2‐DE system. With silver staining about 1000 spots were detected in 10 μg samples of NLF or BALF. Both BALF and NLF 2‐DE patterns showed similarities to a reference plasma pattern and about 25 plasma proteins were identified in NLF as well as in BALF. Comparison showed that the levels of albumin and transferrin appeared to be slightly higher in BALF than NLF, while the levels of IgA, IgG and haptoglobin β were higher in NLF than in BALF. In contrast to BALF and blood plasma, NLF contained large amounts of a cluster of acidic proteins (pI 4.5–5.5) with molecular masses of 15–30 kDa. Distinct alterations in the NLF 2‐DE patterns were found in a worker who developed an asthmatic condition with bronchial hyperreactivity after exposure to organic acid anhydrides. After exposure, 14 protein spots were increased and one decreased by a factor of > 3 as compared to the levels before exposure and compared to healthy individuals. This is the first study indicating that 2‐DE of NLF may be used to investigate early changes in airway protein patterns induced by occupational exposure to irritating chemicals.
Reply to Doppler et al. ‘Response to “The fall of Phaethon: a Greco-Roman geomyth preserves the memory of a meteorite impact in Bavaria (south-east Germany) (Antiquity 84)”’

We acknowledge the observations of Doppler et al. on our paper and we are grateful to Antiquity's editor for this opportunity to reply to their objections. Firstly, it should be noted that we have not claimed that the Chiemsee once included the Tüttensee. We agree that the region in which both lakes lie was glacially formed. But while Lake Chiemsee is the result of the last Ice Age the Tüttensee basin originates from a much later Holocene meteorite impact. We do not use the myth of Phaeton to date this event that is known as the Chiemgau impact. On the contrary we estimate from archaeological evidence and OSL dating that the event occurred between 2200 and 800 BC, i.e. the Bronze Age (Rappenglück et al. 2010: 436). We go on to discuss parallels between the independent dating of the Chiemgau impact and the possible time frame of the myth (Rappenglück et al. 2010: 435–37).
Effects of berberine on lipid profile in subjects with low cardiovascular risk

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy as antihypercholesterolemic agent of berberine in patients with low cardiovascular risk. Research design and methods: 144 Caucasian subjects were enrolled. After a 6-month run-in period following diet and practicing physical activity, patients were randomized to take placebo or berberine 500 mg twice a day, for 3 months, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Berberine and placebo were then interrupted for 2 months (washout period), and all patients continued with only diet and physical activity. At the end of the washout period, patients restarted berberine or placebo twice a day for further 3 months. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were assessed during the run-in period, at randomization, before and after the washout period. Results: A decrease of body weight and BMI was observed after the run-in period. Berberine reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol after 3 months from randomization and compared with placebo. After the washout period, lipid profile worsened; afterward, when berberine was reintroduced, lipid profile improved again both compared with the washout period, and with placebo. Conclusions: Berberine is effective and safe to mildly improve lipid profile in subjects with low risk for cardiovascular disease.
Nurse and patient reactions to a developmental home telecare system

Pilot studies have suggested that telemedicine is a satisfactory means of delivering nursing services into the home. A home telecare programme in Kansas provided nursing services to homes in four towns in Kansas. The present study examined patients' and nurses' perceptions of a variety of issues related to home telecare. Datacollection methods included in-depth interviews, observation and analyses of archival data from patient records. Patients suffered an average of 4.6 concurrent illnesses. On the whole, patients perceived the system as a valuable resource that offered great potential, although many saw no immediate health benefits for themselves. Nurses were enthusiastic about the prospect of practising in this way, although they did have strong opinions about what types of nurses, patients and illnesses were suited to telemedicine.
Access to Electric Light Is Associated with Shorter Sleep Duration in a Traditionally Hunter-Gatherer Community

Access to electric light might have shifted the ancestral timing and duration of human sleep. To test this hypothesis, we studied two communities of the historically hunter-gatherer indigenous Toba/Qom in the Argentinean Chaco. These communities share the same ethnic and sociocultural background, but one has free access to electricity while the other relies exclusively on natural light. We fitted participants in each community with wrist activity data loggers to assess their sleep-wake cycles during one week in the summer and one week in the winter. During the summer, participants with access to electricity had a tendency to a shorter daily sleep bout (43 ± 21 min) than those living under natural light conditions. This difference was due to a later daily bedtime and sleep onset in the community with electricity, but a similar sleep offset and rise time in both communities. In the winter, participants without access to electricity slept longer (56 ± 17 min) than those with access to electricity, and this was also related to earlier bedtimes and sleep onsets than participants in the community with electricity. In both communities, daily sleep duration was longer during the winter than during the summer. Our field study supports the notion that access to inexpensive sources of artificial light and the ability to create artificially lit environments must have been key factors in reducing sleep in industrialized human societies.
Visual Evoked Potential and Pupillary Signs: A Comparison in Optic Nerve Disease

• We measured the pupil cycle time, the relative afferent pupillary defect, and the pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) in 41 patients with unilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and 24 patients with unilateral optic neuritis. We speculated that the relative afferent pupillary defect would match the VEP amplitude and that the pupil cycle time would correspond to the VEP latency. We found a correlation between the relative afferent pupillary defect and VEP amplitude in patients with AION, but not in patients with optic neuritis. We also found that the pupil cycle time and VEP latency were weakly correlated, but only in patients with optic neuritis. In these two groups of patients with unilateral optic neuropathy, the most sensitive objective indicator of disease was the relative afferent pupillary defect. The least sensitive indicator was the pupil cycle time.
Mobile-Edge Computing Versus Centralized Cloud Computing Over a Converged FiWi Access Network

The advent of Internet of Things and 5G applications renders the need for integration of both centralized cloud computing and emerging mobile-edge computing (MEC) with existing network infrastructures to enhance storage, processing, and caching capabilities in not only centralized but also distributed fashions for supporting both delay-tolerant and mission-critical applications. This paper investigates performance gains of centralized cloud and MEC enabled integrated fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks. A novel unified resource management scheme incorporating both centralized cloud and MEC computation offloading activities into the underlying FiWi dynamic bandwidth allocation process is proposed. Both MEC and cloud traffic are scheduled outside the transmission slot of FiWi traffic by leveraging time division multiple access. An analytical framework is developed to model packet delay, response time efficiency, gain-offload overhead ratio, and communication-to-computation ratio for both cloud and broadband access traffic. In addition, given the importance of reliability in optical backhaul and MEC, this paper develops a probabilistic survivability analysis model to assess the impact of both fiber cuts and MEC server failures. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing conventional cloud and MEC in FiWi access networks, without affecting network performance of broadband access traffic.
Emotional Factors in the Etiology of Hyperthyroidism: The Report of a Preliminary Survey

t I "'HE posthumous publication of Caleb Parry's JL description of hyperthyroidism in 1825, ten years prior to Graves' description of the disease, contained a case report which began: "Elizabeth S. , aged 21, was thrown out of a wheel chair in coming fast down a hill . and was very much frightened though not much hurt. From this time she has been subject to palpitation of the heart and various nervous affections. About a fortnight after she began to observe a swelling of the thyroid gland" (10). Graves devoted about a third of the discussion of his first case to the possible relationship with hysterical conditions (5). The disease was considered a neuliosis by many before Mobius (9) focused attention on the secretory overactivity of the thyroid gland. Indeed, Raymond Crawford, when challenging this concept in 1897, could state simply, "that sudden emotion or prolonged worry commonly sets in motion the symptoms will be so universally conceded as not to demand extensive illustration" (3). During the ensuing years there has been repeated reference to the role of emotional factors in the etiology of thyrotoxicosis (12). The Boer War and first World War (6, 7) gave rise to descriptions of the appearance of Graves' disease in relation to the stress of combat. Many cases have been cited to illustrate the import of emotional trauma; examples were sometimes striking and it would be difficult to consider the trauma as coincidental.
Differential localization of ErbB2 in different tissues of the rat female reproductive tract: Implications for the use of specific antibodies for ErbB2 analysis

ErbB2 has been implicated in numerous functions, including normal and aberrant development of a variety of tissues. Although no soluble ligand has been identified for ErbB2, we have recently shown that ASGP‐2, the transmembrane subunit of the cell surface glycoprotein Muc4 (also called sialomucin complex, SMC), can act as an intramembrane ligand for ErbB2 and modulate its activity. Muc4/SMC is abundantly expressed at the apical surface of most epithelia of the rat female reproductive tract. Since Muc4/SMC can interact with ErbB2 when they are expressed in the same cell and membrane, we investigated whether these two proteins are co‐expressed and co‐localized in tissues of the female reproductive tract. Using an anti‐ErbB2 antibody from Dako, we found moderate staining at the basolateral surface of the oviduct and also around the cell membrane of the most superficial and medial layers of the stratified epithelia of the vagina. In contrast, Neomarkers neu Ab1 antibody intensely stained the apical surface of the epithelium of the oviduct and the medial and basal layers of the stratified epithelia of the vagina, substantially overlapping the distribution of Muc4/SMC. Furthermore, Muc4/SMC and ErbB2 association in different tissues of the female reproductive tract was demonstrated by co‐immunoprecipitation analysis. Interestingly, phosphorylated ErbB2 detected by anti‐phospho‐ErbB2 is primarily present at the apical surface of the oviduct. Thus, our results show that differentially localized forms of ErbB2 are recognized by different antibodies and raise interesting questions about the nature of the different forms of ErbB2, the mechanism for differential localization, and possible functions of ErbB2 in the female reproductive tract. They also raise a cautionary note about the use of different ErbB2 antibodies for expression and localization studies. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical evaluation of an automated artificial pancreas using zone-model predictive control and health monitoring system.

BACKGROUND This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a fully automated artificial pancreas using zone-model predictive control (zone-MPC) with the health monitoring system (HMS) during unannounced meals and overnight and exercise periods. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A fully automated closed-loop artificial pancreas was evaluated in 12 subjects (eight women, four men) with type 1 diabetes (mean±SD age, 49.4±10.4 years; diabetes duration, 32.7±16.0 years; glycosylated hemoglobin, 7.3±1.2%). The zone-MPC controller used an a priori model that was initialized using the subject's total daily insulin. The controller was designed to keep glucose levels between 80 and 140 mg/dL. A hypoglycemia prediction algorithm, a module of the HMS, was used in conjunction with the zone controller to alert the user to consume carbohydrates if the glucose level was predicted to fall below 70 mg/dL in the next 15 min. RESULTS The average time spent in the 70-180 mg/dL range, measured by the YSI glucose and lactate analyzer (Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH), was 80% for the entire session, 92% overnight from 12 a.m. to 7 a.m., and 69% and 61% for the 5-h period after dinner and breakfast, respectively. The time spent < 60 mg/dL for the entire session by YSI was 0%, with no safety events. The HMS sent appropriate warnings to prevent hypoglycemia via short and multimedia message services, at an average of 3.8 treatments per subject. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the zone-MPC controller and the HMS hypoglycemia prevention algorithm was able to safely regulate glucose in a tight range with no adverse events despite the challenges of unannounced meals and moderate exercise.
Handheld Devices and Video Modeling to Enhance the Learning of Self-Help Skills in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder

The viewing of videos is a much-studied intervention to teach self-help, social, and vocational skills. Many of the studies to date looked at video modeling using televisions, computers, and other large screens. This study looked at the use of video modeling on portable handheld devices to teach hand washing to three adolescent students with an autism spectrum disorder. Three students participated in this 4-week study conducted by occupational therapists. Baseline data were obtained for the first student for 1 week, the second for 2 weeks, and the third for 3 weeks; videos were introduced when the participants each finished the baseline phase. Given the cognitive and motor needs of the participants, the occupational therapist set the player so that the participants only had to press the play button to start the video playing. The participants were able to hold the players and view at distances that were most appropriate for their individual needs and preferences. The results suggest that video modeling on a handheld device improves the acquisition of self-help skills.
Speeded responses to audiovisual signal changes result from bimodal integration.

Integration of auditory and visual information was studied in humans detecting targets (i.e., location changes of the auditory, the visual, or both parts of a repetitively presented audiovisual stimulus). Behavioral results suggest that the time advantage to bimodal compared with unimodal targets was due to combined rather than separate processing of the auditory and the visual target information. Event-related brain potential results revealed strong audiovisual interactions supporting interactive and not independent coactivation models. The time course of this interaction suggests that the audiovisual integration occurred after low-level, sensory processing but well before the execution of the motor response.
Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine A and amphotericin B-deoxycholate as continuous infusion in allogenic stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND Nephrotoxicity is an important side effect of amphothericin B deoxycholate (ampho B) and cyclosporine A (CsA). The combined administration of these drugs is frequent in patients with haematological diseases undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. AIM To assess the additional renal toxicity of ampho B given as a continuous infusion in addition to CsA. METHODS In a retrospective study renal function was investigated in patients receiving CsA alone or in combination with ampho B (24-hour infusion) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation between January 1998 and April 2001. RESULTS Of a total of 84 patients, 22 were treated with ampho B. There was a statistically significant decline in renal function in comparison to the 62 patients receiving CsA alone. However, renal insufficiency in all patients remained in a clinically acceptable range and was reversible. The residual renal dysfunction at the end of the hospitalisation was mainly due to continuing therapy with CsA. CONCLUSION Amphotericin B deoxycholate in addition to CsA leads to a statistically significant but clinically tolerable worsening of renal function. Using a 24-hour infusion and strict salt repletion, amphotericin B can be administered safely as deoxycholate in bone marrow transplant patients in conjunction with CsA for proven or suspected fungal infections.
A Stochastic Model of the Germinal Center Integrating Local Antigen Competition, Individualistic T–B Interactions, and B Cell Receptor Signaling

The germinal center (GC) reaction underlies productive humoral immunity by orchestrating competition-based affinity maturation to produce plasma cells and memory B cells. T cells are limiting in this process. How B cells integrate signals from T cells and BCRs to make fate decisions while subjected to a cyclic selection process is not clear. In this article, we present a spatiotemporally resolved stochastic model that describes cell behaviors as rate-limited stochastic reactions. We hypothesize a signal integrator protein integrates follicular helper T (Tfh)- and Ag-derived signals to drive different B cell fates in a probabilistic manner and a dedicated module of Tfh interaction promoting factors control the efficiency of contact-dependent Tfh help delivery to B cells. Without assuming deterministic affinity-based decisions or temporal event sequence, this model recapitulates GC characteristics, highlights the importance of efficient T cell help delivery during individual contacts with B cells and intercellular positive feedback for affinity maturation, reveals the possibility that antagonism between BCR signaling and T cell help accelerates affinity maturation, and suggests that the dichotomy between affinity and magnitude of GC reaction can be avoided by tuning the efficiency of contact-dependent help delivery during reiterative T–B interactions.