Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPRESSION OF CYP3A ISOFORMS AND P‐GLYCOPROTEIN IN HUMAN STOMACH, JEJUNUM AND ILEUM

1 CYP3A isoforms metabolise a diverse array of clinically important drugs and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), a transmembrane efflux pump, can extrude a wide variety of drugs from the cell. It has been suggested that the function of CYP3A4 is complementary to that of P‐gp along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, together forming a coordinated intestinal barrier against xenobiotics. Therefore, the expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7 and ABCB1 (P‐gp) genes were quantified in five normal samples from the human stomach, seven from the jejunum and eight from the ileum by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. 2 In the tissues examined, measurable mRNA expression of CYP3A was found in almost all samples from the stomach, jejunum and ileum. The rank order for CYP3A mRNA expression was CYP3A4 > CYP3A5 > CYP3A7 in the GI tract studied, whereas median mRNA CYP3A4 expression was highest in the small intestine and lowest in the stomach. Expression of ABCB1 mRNA was found in almost all samples and the median mRNA expression level was comparable in the jejunum and ileum, but lower in the stomach. Our data also show a significant correlation between all mRNA transcripts studied and a wide interindividual variation. 3 At the protein level, CYP3A4 was detected in all stomach and small intestine samples, the levels being substantially higher in the small intestine than in the stomach. P‐Glycoprotein was detected in all GI samples, but no statistically significant difference was found along the GI tract considered. 4 Collectively, these results demonstrate that CYP3A4 is the main CYP3A expressed in the GI tract investigated, an extensive interindividual variability in the expression of the different CYP3A isoforms in all tissues examined and P‐gp apoprotein levels similar in the stomach, jejunum and ileum.
SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF AERIAL IMAGES WITH AN ENSEMBLE OF CNNS

This paper describes a deep learning approach to semantic segmentation of very high resolution (aerial) images. Deep neural architectures hold the promise of end-to-end learning from raw images, making heuristic feature design obsolete. Over the last decade this idea has seen a revival, and in recent years deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as the method of choice for a range of image interpretation tasks like visual recognition and object detection. Still, standard CNNs do not lend themselves to per-pixel semantic segmentation, mainly because one of their fundamental principles is to gradually aggregate information over larger and larger image regions, making it hard to disentangle contributions from different pixels. Very recently two extensions of the CNN framework have made it possible to trace the semantic information back to a precise pixel position: deconvolutional network layers undo the spatial downsampling, and Fully Convolution Networks (FCNs) modify the fully connected classification layers of the network in such a way that the location of individual activations remains explicit. We design a FCN which takes as input intensity and range data and, with the help of aggressive deconvolution and recycling of early network layers, converts them into a pixelwise classification at full resolution. We discuss design choices and intricacies of such a network, and demonstrate that an ensemble of several networks achieves excellent results on challenging data such as the <i>ISPRS semantic labeling benchmark</i>, using only the raw data as input.
AFNOR validation of Premi®Test, a microbiological-based screening tube-test for the detection of antimicrobial residues in animal muscle tissue

Premi®Test contains viable spores of a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus which is sensitive to antimicrobial residues, such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides and sulphonamides. The growth of the strain is inhibited by the presence of antimicrobial residues in muscle tissue samples. Premi®Test was validated according to AFNOR rules (French Association for Normalisation). The AFNOR validation was based on the comparison of reference methods (French Official method, i.e. four plate test (FPT) and the STAR protocol (five plate test)) with the alternative method (Premi®Test). A preliminary study was conducted in an expert laboratory (Community Reference Laboratory, CRL) on both spiked and incurred samples (field samples). Several method performance criteria (sensitivity, specificity, relative accuracy) were estimated and are discussed, in addition to detection capabilities. Adequate agreement was found between the alternative method and the reference methods. However, Premi®Test was more sensitive to beta-lactams and sulphonamides than the FPT. Subsequently, a collaborative study with 11 laboratories was organised by the CRL. Blank and spiked meat juice samples were sent to participants. The expert laboratory (CRL) statistically analysed the results. It was concluded that Premi® Test could be used for the routine determination of antimicrobial residues in muscle of different animal origin with acceptable analytical performance. The detection capabilities of Premi®Test for beta-lactams (amoxicillin, ceftiofur), one macrolide (tylosin) and tetracycline were at the level of the respective maximum residue limits (MRL) in muscle samples or even lower.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Maxillofacial Trauma Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Scans: Comparison of Oral Surgeons, Head and Neck Surgeons, Plastic Surgeons, and Neuroradiologists

Background: The authors' objectives were to study differences in diagnostic accuracy between two- and three-dimensional computed tomographic scans and among the specialties of plastic surgery, head and neck surgery, oral surgery, and neuroradiology, since this had not previously been done. Methods: Four groups of subspecialists completed time-proctored tests of 20 maxillofacial trauma scans with zygomatic arch, zygomatic complex, orbital, Le Fort I, II, III, mandibular and panfacial fractures from five institutions (n = 40). Accuracy of diagnosis and indication for surgery, efficiency, and preference were assessed. Comparison between two- and three-dimensional scans, between expert (experienced attending) versus novice (resident/fellow), and among the four subspecialties was performed. Results: For two- and three-dimensional scans, two-dimensional was more accurate for orbital floor/medial wall (40 percent and 34 percent) and frontal sinus (26 percent for diagnostic) fractures. Two-dimensional examinations took 2.3 times longer but were preferred (85 percent). Experts and novices had similar accuracy with three-dimensional scanning, but experts were more accurate with the two-dimensional scanning. Experts were 3.3 times faster with two-dimensional scanning but not with three-dimensional scanning. Accuracy of diagnosis among subspecialists was similar, except that oral surgery was less accurate with orbitozygomatic fractures (79 percent versus 90 to 92 percent); neuroradiology was less accurate with indications for surgery (65 percent versus 87 to 93 percent). Conclusions: Differences in diagnostic accuracy exist between two- and three-dimensional maxillofacial scans and between expert and novice readers but not between subspecialties. Combined modalities are preferred.
Using the factor model to analyze Internet BBS messages and stock returns

Whether the number and content of messages on a stock bulletin board system (BBS) relates to the stocks return has been investigated. Also verified was whether Fama and French's three-factors approve a portfolio on the basis of the number or contents of messages on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). It was found that the three-factor model may not approve portfolios because abnormal returns were found in portfolios with the highest number of bullish postings and the highest number of bearish postings as well as the highest number of postings and the fewest number of postings. Next, the three-factor model was added to two factors: the difference in the return of a portfolio with the highest number of messages and with the fewest, and the difference in the return with the most bullish and with the most bearish. The result suggests that the contents of messages on a stock BBS may relate to a return.
Clinical features of avian vacuolar myelinopathy in American coots.

OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical features of avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) in American coots. DESIGN Case-control study. ANIMALS 26 AVM-affected American coots and 12 unaffected coots. PROCEDURES Complete physical, neurologic, hematologic, and plasma biochemical evaluations were performed. Affected coots received supportive care. All coots died or were euthanatized, and AVM status was confirmed via histopathologic findings. RESULTS 3 severely affected coots were euthanatized immediately after examination. Seventeen affected coots were found dead within 7 days of admission, but 5 affected coots survived > 21 days and had signs of clinical recovery. Abnormal physical examination findings appeared to be related to general debilitation. Ataxia (88%), decreased withdrawal reflexes (88%), proprioceptive deficits (81%), decreased vent responses (69%), beak or tongue weakness (42%), and head tremors (31%), as well as absent pupillary light responses (46%), anisocoria (15%), apparent blindness (4%), nystagmus (4%), and strabismus (4%) were detected. Few gross abnormalities were detected at necropsy, but histologically, all AVM-affected coots had severe vacuolation of white matter of the brain. None of the control coots had vacuolation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although there was considerable variability in form and severity of clinical neurologic abnormalities, clinical signs common in AVM-affected birds were identified. Clinical recovery of some AVM-affected coots can occur when supportive care is administered. Until the etiology is identified, caution should be exercised when rehabilitating and releasing coots thought to be affected by AVM.
Dielectric constant measurement of collagen at terahertz band using terahertz time domain spectroscopy

In this paper, the cultivated collagen is measured with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system and its optical/EM parameters are calculated at the Terahertz band up to 2 THz. By comparing the measurement data with the previous published ones it can be concluded that the cultivated collagen is not enough to represent the performance of the epidermis at the band of interest.
Complications, Resource Utilization, and Cost of ABO-Incompatible Living Donor Kidney Transplantation

Background. The transplantation of living donor renal allografts across blood group barriers requires protocols to reduce and maintain anti-blood group antibody at safe levels. These protocols lead to an increase in resource utilization and cost of transplantation and may result in increased complications. Methods. In this retrospective study, we compared 40 ABO-incompatible to 77 matching ABO-compatible living donor renal allografts with respect to complications, resource utilization, and cost from day −14 to 90 days after transplantation. Results. Overall, surgery-related complications and resource utilization were increased in the ABO-incompatible group, primarily due to the desensitization protocol and antibody-mediated rejection. In the absence of rejection, the mean number of complications was similar for both groups. ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation was approximately $38,000 more expensive than ABO-compatible transplants, but was cost effective when compared to maintaining the patient on dialysis while waiting for a blood group compatible deceased donor kidney. Actuarial graft and patient survival was similar in the two groups. Conclusions. We conclude that ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation is a viable option for patients whose only donor is blood group incompatible despite the additional resource utilization and cost of therapy.
Characterization of United Kingdom Isolates ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACT Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic suppurative disease caused byCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and is responsible for serious economic losses to the sheep and goat industry. Caseous lymphadenitis was first reported for goats in the United Kingdom in 1990 and for sheep in 1991. Recent evidence suggests that the prevalence of the disease within the national flock is increasing. Fifty isolates of C. pseudotuberculosis from the United Kingdom comprising sheep and horse isolates, the original goat outbreak strain, and the type strain were characterized by biotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, production of phospholipase D, and genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using SfiI and SmaI. All of the isolates were confirmed as C. pseudotuberculosis, and all produced phospholipase D but none reduced nitrate. Restriction with SfiI generated 16 to 18 bands between 48.5 and 290 kb and differentiated six pulsotypes. We conclude that 80% of the strains tested were epidemiologically related to the outbreak strain and that the equine profile was distinct both phenotypically and genotypically.
Minimal Incision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Early Experience: Early Experience

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has evolved during the past 30 years to a well-defined technical surgery with excellent results for as many as 20 years of followup. The concepts of exposure, ligament balancing, and joint alignment have been established clearly by Insall and others. In the early 1990s, Repicci introduced minimally invasive surgery for unicondylar knee arthroplasty. This approach suggested that less invasive surgery could accomplish similar results to those of standard unicondylar knee arthroplasty. Early reports in the literature support these conclusions. It only was logical that the minimally invasive surgery approach eventually would be applied to TKA. It is extremely important to establish a clear definition of the minimally invasive surgery and, then, to follow the results. We have completed 70 minimally-invasive TKAs during the past 9 months with early results that indicate less intraoperative blood loss, shorter length of stay, increased range of motion (ROM), with similar implant accuracy to standard TKA. These new procedures will require thorough evaluation as with any new clinical endeavor. It also is of paramount importance to remember that the main goal of any new technology is to advance the science of medicine without compromising the ultimate result for the patient. The early findings are encouraging for the future of minimally invasive TKA and we hope to improve the technology during the next few years.
The Approximate Capacity of the Gaussian n-Relay Diamond Network

We consider the Gaussian “diamond” or parallel relay network, in which a source node transmits a message to a destination node with the help of N relays. Even for the symmetric setting, in which the channel gains to the relays are identical and the channel gains from the relays are identical, the capacity of this channel is unknown in general. The best known capacity approximation is up to an additive gap of order N bits and up to a multiplicative gap of order N2, with both gaps independent of the channel gains. In this paper, we approximate the capacity of the symmetric Gaussian N-relay diamond network up to an additive gap of 1.8 bits and up to a multiplicative gap of a factor 14. Both gaps are independent of the channel gains and, unlike the best previously known result, are also independent of the number of relays N in the network. Achievability is based on bursty amplify-and-forward, showing that this simple scheme is uniformly approximately optimal, both in the low-rate as well as in the high-rate regimes. The upper bound on capacity is based on a careful evaluation of the cut-set bound. We also present approximation results for the asymmetric Gaussian N-relay diamond network. In particular, we show that bursty amplify-and-forward combined with optimal relay selection achieves a rate within a factor O(log4(N)) of capacity with preconstant in the order notation independent of the channel gains.
Short sleep duration, glucose dysregulation and hormonal regulation of appetite in men and women.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the hormonal effects of reducing sleep duration under controlled feeding conditions. DESIGN Randomized, crossover study. SETTING Inpatient. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-seven normal weight, 30- to 45-yr-old men and women habitually sleeping 7-9 hr/night. INTERVENTION PARTICIPANTS WERE STUDIED UNDER TWO SLEEP CONDITIONS: short (4 hr in bed) or habitual (9 hr in bed) sleep. A controlled diet was provided for each 4-day study period. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Fasting blood samples were obtained daily and frequent blood samples were obtained throughout day 4. The main outcomes measures included glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, total glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)) concentrations. Body weights were reduced by 2.2 ± 0.4 lb and 1.7 ± 0.4 lb during the habitual and short sleep phases, respectively (both P < 0.0001). There was no effect of sleep duration on glucose, insulin, and leptin profiles (all P > 0.05). Ghrelin and GLP-1 responses differed by sex. Short sleep increased fasting (P = 0.054) and morning (08:00-12:00) (P = 0.042) total ghrelin in men but not women. The reverse was observed for GLP-1: afternoon levels (12:30-19:00) were lower (P = 0.016) after short sleep compared with habitual sleep in women but not men. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that, in the context of negative energy balance, short sleep does not lead to a state of increased insulin resistance, but may predispose to overeating via separate mechanisms in men and women. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION Trial registration on http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. #NCT00935402.
Cellular interactions in the rat somatosensory thalamocortical system during normal and epileptic 5–9 Hz oscillations

In Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), generalized spike‐and‐wave (SW) discharges (5–9 SW s−1) develop during quiet immobile wakefulness from a natural, medium‐voltage, 5–9 Hz rhythm. This study examines the spatio‐temporal dynamics of cellular interactions in the somatosensory thalamocortical system underlying the generation of normal and epileptic 5–9 Hz oscillations. Paired single‐unit and multi‐unit recordings between the principal elements of this circuit and intracellular recordings of thalamic, relay and reticular, neurones were conducted in neuroleptanalgesied GAERS and control, non‐epileptic, rats. The identity of the recorded neurones was established following juxtacellular or intracellular marking. At least six major findings have emerged from this study. (1) In GAERS, generalized spike‐and‐wave discharges were correlated with synchronous rhythmic firings in related thalamic relay and reticular neurones. (2) Usually, corticothalamic discharges phase‐led related relay and reticular firings. (3) A depolarizing wave emerging from a barrage of EPSPs was the cause of both relay and reticular discharges. (4) In some relay cells, which had a relatively high membrane input resistance, the depolarizing wave had the shape of a ramp, which could trigger a low‐threshold Ca2+ spike. (5) In reticular cells, the EPSP barrage could further trigger voltage‐dependent depolarizations. (6) The epilepsy‐related thalamic, relay and reticular, intracellular activities were similar to the normal‐related thalamic activities. Overall, these findings strongly suggest that, during absence seizures, corticothalamic neurones play a primary role in the synchronized excitation of thalamic relay and reticular neurones. The present study further suggests that absence‐related spike‐and‐wave discharges correspond to hypersynchronous wake‐related physiological oscillations.
Specifying Formative Constructs in Information Systems Research

While researchers go to great lengths to justify and prove theoretical links between constructs, the relationship between measurement items and constructs is often ignored. By default, the relationship between construct and item is assumed to be reflective, meaning that the measurement items are a reflection of the construct. Many times, though, the nature of the construct is not reflective, but rather formative. Formative constructs occur when the items describe and define the construct rather than vice versa. In this research, we examine whether formative constructs are indeed being mistaken for reflective constructs by information systems researchers. By examining complete volumes of MIS Quarterly and Information Systems Research over the last 3 years, we discovered that a significant number of articles have indeed misspecified formative constructs. For scientific results to be valid, we argue that researchers must properly specify formative constructs. This paper discusses the implications of different patterns of common misspecifications of formative constructs on both Type I and Type II errors. To avoid these errors, the paper provides a roadmap to researchers to properly specify formative constructs. We also discuss how to address formative constructs within a research model after they are specified.
Rising cortisol at childcare: relations with nap, rest, and temperament.

An unexpected rise in cortisol across the day in full-day, center-based childcare has been recently observed. Most of the children in these studies exhibited the rise across the day at childcare, but the expected drop at home. Possible explanations include more or less napping at childcare than at home. This study measured cortisol during childcare at 10:30 a.m., pre-rest, post-rest, and 3:30 p.m. for 35 children, and at 10:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. at home for 8 children. Duration and quality of rest were coded during nap periods. For 91% of children, cortisol rose at childcare and for 75% dropped at home. None of the napping variables were related to the rise at childcare nor were differences found between home and childcare rest. Factors other than daytime rest periods seem likely to account for the rise in cortisol across the childcare day, possibly factors involving the interactional demands of group settings during this developmental period.
Identification of select G-protein coupled receptors as regulators of the ER-mitochondria contacts by drug screening

Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial (ER-Mito) contacts are crucial for many cellular functions. Their dysregulation has been implicated in various disorders including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and cancer. However, little is known about the regulatory pathways of ER-Mito contacts. To uncover such pathways, we screened a drug library using a split-Renilla luciferase (split-Rluc) reassembly assay in HEK293T cells. We identified multiple agonists of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) in particular. Using multiple independent assays, we validated that these drugs enhance the physical and functional interactions between ER and mitochondria. Our data provide evidence that GPCR signal modulates ER-Mito coupling through activating EPAC (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) and increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, and that actin polymerization, likely regulated by CDC42 upon receptor activation, is required for this coupling. Together our study identifies GPCR signaling as a regulatory mechanism for ER-Mito contacts, and highlights the role of these contacts in responding to physiological demands or stresses.