Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The status and sustainability of riverine fisheries in Himachal Pradesh

The trends and sustainability of fish catches from riverine stretches in various districts of Himachal Pradesh were appraised. The perennial rivers Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej in the west and Yamuna and its tributaries in the east form the riverine network of the state. Magnitude of rivers in most of the districts varied according to their geographical features and area. The riverine catch for the state had a significant growth rate (9.56%). It was more than growth rate in the number of fishermen fishing in rivers, indicating increase in fish productivity per fisherman over the study period. The models tried to estimate maximum sustainable harvest revealed positively sloped equations for most of the districts, indicating enormous scope for expansion of fishery activities. Although the State Fisheries Department has initiated several schemes to enhance fishery operations, these steps need further intensification to achieve the desired outcome.
The Gift of Stories: Practical and Spiritual Applications of Autobiography, Life Stories, and Personal Mythmaking

Introduction The Power of Stories Understanding the Transforming Functions of Stories Recognizing the Enduring Elements of Sacred Stories Seeing our own Stories as Sacred The Gift of Stories Giving Yourself your own Story-Writing Autobiographically Universalizing your Story - Personal Mythmaking Merging your Personal Myth with the Collective Myth Giving Others their Story-Doing a Life Story Interview Afterthoughts Bibliography Index
Enhancing Direct Instruction on Introductory Physics for Supporting Students' Mental-Modeling Ability.

This paper describes an instructional design for introductory physics that integrates previous research results of physics problem-solving and the use of external representation into direct instruction (DI). The research is a part of research in obtaining an established instructional design to support mental-modeling ability. By integrating with the previous research results of problem-solving and external representation with the characteristics of DI, we obtained stages of a hypothetical design. The hypothetical design has been developed by implementing phases of formative research to obtain a final model of enhanced direct instruction (EDI). Results of experimental phase showed that EDI can support the students’ mental-modeling ability.
Human Capital and Economic Growth in Morocco: Evidence from Bayesian Model Averaging

The paper investigates the relationship between human capital and economic growth in Morocco during the period from 1965 to 2015. In order to test this relationship we estimated a growth function using firstly the Johansen multivariate cointegration test and the Granger causality test. Secondly, we used the method of the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) that takes into consideration the uncertainty related to the specification of the model studied. In the theoretical literature, the difficulty of measuring human capital is often stressed. In order to overcome this problem, we use four proxies of human capital: first, we employ the average years of schooling. Second, we use the index of the gap in life expectancy between Morocco and developed countries. Third, we integrate the qualitative aspects of education and health by constructing two composite indicators of human capital using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. The main results of regression analysis confirm that in the specification of determinants of GDP per worker the average years of total schooling, the life expectancy index and the indicator of quality of health affect positively and significantly level of GDP per worker. However, in the specification of determinants of the growth of the GDP per worker, we found there is no proxy of human capital that affects significantly the growth of the GDP per worker. In addition, the results of Granger causality test show that only the indicator of quality of health that cause the GDP per worker. As well, these results show that the average years of total schooling and the indicator of quality of education cause the growth of GDP per worker. We suggest that the Moroccan authorities should make additional efforts to raise the level of quality of human capital especially in the health sector and increase the productivity of both public and private investment.
Land Holding Rights of Fulani Pastoralists and its Effect on their Agropastoral Production System in Ogun State, Nigeria

Summary The study focuses on land holding rights of the Fulani pastoralists and its effect on their agropastoral production system. It was discovered that among the land holding rights options available for land users in Yoruba communities where the Fulanis are settled, leasehold right was the viable option for the pastoralists. The implications of this is that the Fulani pastoralists cannot use the allotted lands for viable social and economic activities such as building of modern houses, establishment of small cottage industry and cultivation of permanent or cash crops such as Oil palm, Cacao, Kola etc since they are holding the land in their custody on a temporary basis. Therefore, their economic activities were limited to production of arable crops. From the average land size of about 5 ha available to majority of the pastoralist, between 0.5 and 1 ha are used for building livestock sheds, residential housing units and storage silos. Land size of about 1ha or more are cultivated for crop production and grazing pad. The situation of the pastoralists calls for government intervention in order to ensure that they have access to secured land rights. This is essential as it will make it possible for the pastoralists to become empowered to use allotted land for viable economic activities that would enhance their living status and meaningfully impact on the economy and development of their areas of settlement. Resume Droits des nomades Fulani d'affermir la terre et l'effet de ces droits sur le systeme de production agropastorale dans l'etat d'Ogun au Nigeria L'etude porte sur le droit des Fulani nomades d'affermir la terre. Parmi les options de droit d'affermissement de terrain disponible aux usagers de terrain dans les communautes Yoruba ou les Fulani sont installes, le droit de location etait la seule viable pour les nomades. Ceci implique que les Fulani nomades ne peuvent pas se servir des terrains qui leur sont alloues pour des activites sociales et economiques viables telles que la construction de bâtiments modernes, l'etablissement de petites entreprises, la culture de produits commerciaux tels que le palmier, le cacao, la kola, etc., puisque l'occupation de ces terrains est temporaire. Donc, les activites economiques de ces nomades ne se limitent qu'aux recoltes. D'une superficie moyenne de 5 ha de terre disponible pour la majorite des nomades, dont 0,5 a 1 ha est utilisee par des etables, des residences ou des silos de stockage. Ils utilisent une superficie d'environ 1 ha ou plus de terre pour l'agriculture et le pâturage. La situation des nomades necessiterait l'intervention du gouvernement afin de leur assurer un acces a des droits fonciers garantis et surs. Ceci est d'autant plus essentiel qu'il permettra aux nomades d'utiliser les terrains qui leur sont alloues pour des activites economiques viables qui amelioreraient leur condition de vie et qui auraient des effets remarquables sur l'economie et le developpement de leurs communautes hotes.
Chestnut blight in Europe: Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica, hypovirulence and biocontrol

Review article) A review of the chestnut blight situation in Europe is given. Since its introduction in 1938 into Italy, the blight has spread throughout Europe with the exception of the UK, the Netherlands and northern France. Recently the blight has begun to have much more impact on chestnut in north- west Spain and Portugal. Hypovirulence is widespread. In most countries healing cankers have been observed and the presence of dsRNA has been confirmed. However, hypovirulence is still absent from newly infected areas in northern France, northern Switzerland, Portugal and north- western Spain. The year of the first observation of healing cankers is weakly correlated with the year of the first occurrence of the blight. Although vc type diversity may be low at a local level, over 40 vc types have been identified in Europe. Vc type EU-2 is dominant in Western Europe whereas EU-12 is dominant in the south. In order not to jeopardise natural biocontrol with hypovirulence, strict quarantine regulations should prevent the introduction of new vc types.
Performance on molecules, surfaces, and solids of the Wu-Cohen GGA exchange-correlation energy functional

We present the results of Kohn-Sham calculations on molecules, surfaces, and solids which were obtained using a recently proposed exchange-correlation energy functional [Z. Wu and R. E. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B 73, 235116 (2006)]. The Wu-Cohen (WC) functional, like the well-known PBE functional [J. P. Perdew et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996)], is of the generalized gradient approximation form and was derived from the homogeneous electron gas and mathematical relations obeyed by the exact functional. The results on molecular systems show that among the functionals we tested, PBE remains superior for the energetics of covalent and noncovalent bonds. While this is not too surprising for noncovalent bonds due to the very good performance of PBE, unfortunately this holds also for covalent bonds, where PBE is a functional of rather poor quality. Calculations on transition-metal surfaces show that WC improves over local-density approximation (LDA) and PBE for the surface formation energy of $3d$ elements, while LDA is the best for heavier elements. In most cases, the lattice constant of solids as determined by the WC functional is in between the LDA and PBE results and on average closer to experiment. We show for each group of compounds which functional performs best and provide trends. In the particular case of lattice constants whose values are determined by weak interactions (e.g., the interlayer distance in graphite), the LDA functional is more accurate than the generalized gradient approximation functionals.
LONG TERM SIMULATION OF SHAZAND PLAIN AQUIFER UNDER CHANGING RESOURCES AND APPLICATIONS

Iran is among the world’s arid and semi-arid regions and its demand for water has been increased due to population growth, urbanization and the development the economic sectors (industrial and agricultural). In many of these regions, the lack of planning and the unauthorized use of resources have led to excessive exploitation and a lower level of groundwater. The usable groundwater for the country water supply is about 55 percent. Research has been carried out for modeling the Shazand groundwater, which is located in Markazi Province. Modeling has been carrying out using Visual Modflow software. In recent years Shazand aquifer groundwater levels have dropped significantly. Groundwater level during 8 years (1998-2006) was 0.84 m and the annual average 0.105 m has also fallen. Population, urbanization and increasing migration in this region have resulted in higher demand for water which its only solution is inevitably limited consumption in the agriculture sector through efficiency improvement. The model execution results for these two options reveal that efficiency improvement will increase the basin hydrograph about 3.4m during an 8 year period with 0.42 m annual average. Increasing population trends during a 10 year period have resulted in 2.5m reduction in the water table level with annual average of 0.23 m. According to planning horizon and drinking water supply, final results indicate that the stability of aquifer resources without other complementary resources depends on more limited agricultural usage through the improvement of efficiency and irrigation methods.
Locus of Control in Mexican University Students Comparisons by Gender

The aim of this research was to compare the profiles of locus of control in Mexican university students. The total sample was of 1537 subjects; 820 women and 717 men, with a mean age of 20.38 years (SD = 1.81) and 20.78 years (SD = 1.94) respectively. The approach adopted in the research is framed within a quantitative approach with a survey descriptive design. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance, followed by the univariate variance analyzes, are the ones who show higher levels of external locus of control in the factors of luck, political power, destiny and interpersonal relationships, while men report higher levels of locus as luck external control, political power, destination and interpersonal relationships. The differences found between men and women regarding the locus of control, suggest that when designing any intervention that aims to strengthen the internal locus of control will have to take into account the gender variable.
The Feasibility of Music and Talk Radio Program as a Focus Stimulant for Driver

Long distance driver tends to listen to the music in order to help them awake on the road. However, several studies have reported that music has repetition element which is a catalyst to attention deficit phenomenon. This study evaluated the feasibility of music and talk radio program as a stimulant to keep our focus behind the wheel. N1 waves of 11 participants were studied and the results have suggested that music is not a good stimulant for driving partner compared to talk radio program. All the participants showed a great attention when listened to talk program compared to music of their choice.
Stratospheric aerosol characteristics from space-borne observations: extinction coefficient and Ångström exponent

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosols are of a great importance to the scientific community, predominantly because of their role in climate, but also because accurate knowledge of aerosol characteristics is relevant for trace gas retrievals from remote-sensing instruments. There are several data sets published which provide aerosol extinction coefficients in the stratosphere. However, for the instruments measuring in the limb-viewing geometry, the use of this parameter is associated with uncertainties resulting from the need to assume an aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) within the retrieval process. These uncertainties can be mitigated if PSD information is retrieved. While occultation instruments provide more accurate information on the aerosol extinction coefficient, in this study, it was shown that limb instruments are more sensitive to the smaller particles in the visible–near-infrared spectral range. However, the sensitivity of occultation instruments improves if the UV part of the wavelength spectrum is considered. A data set containing PSD information was recently retrieved from SCIAMACHY limb measurements and provides two parameters of the unimodal lognormal PSD for the SCIAMACHY operational period (2002–2012). In this study, the data set is expanded by aerosol extinction coefficients and Ångström exponents calculated from the retrieved PSD parameters. Parameter errors for the recalculated Ångström exponents and aerosol extinction coefficients are assessed using synthetic retrievals. For the extinction coefficient the resulting parameter error is within ±25 %, and for the Ångström exponent, it is better than 10 %. The SCIAMACHY aerosol extinction coefficients recalculated from PSD parameters are compared to those from SAGE II. The differences between the instruments vary from 0 % to 25 % depending on the wavelength. Ångström exponent comparison with SAGE II shows differences between 10 % at 31 km and 40 % at 18 km. Comparisons with SAGE II, however, suffer from the low number of collocated profiles. Furthermore, the Ångström exponents obtained from the limb-viewing instrument OSIRIS are used for the comparison. This comparison shows an average difference within 7 %. The time series of these differences do not show signatures of any remarkable events (e.g., volcanic eruptions or biomass burning events). In addition, the temporal behaviour of the Ångström exponent in the tropics is analyzed using the SCIAMACHY data set. It is shown that there is no trivial relation between the Ångström exponent value at a single wavelength pair and the PSD because the same value of Ångström exponent can be obtained from an infinite number of combinations of the PSD parameters.
THE IMPACT OF SURFACE HEAT FLUXES ON THE SIMULATION OF THE BRAZIL CURRENT

ABSTRACT . The impact of different formulations of surface heat fluxes (no fluxes, climatological fluxes, restoring of SST towards climatology, climatological fluxes plus SST restoring, and model-computed fluxes via bulk formulas) on the modeling of the Brazil Current is investigated in numerical simulations performed with the Regional Ocean Model (ROMS). While mechanical forcing may be dominant, it is shown that correct upper ocean currents and thermal structure can only be obtained when heat fluxes are implemented, even in regions of strong horizontal advection, and that some form of feedback of the ocean state upon the fluxes is also a necessary condition. This results are of particular importance for ocean modeling developed having operational oceanography in view. Keywords : Brazil Current, surface heat flux, numerical modeling. RESUMO. O impacto de diferentes formulacoes dos fluxos de calor em superficie (sem fluxos, fluxos climatologicos, relaxamento de TSM para climatologia, fluxos climatologicos mais relaxamento de TSM e fluxos calculados pelo modelo com “ bulk formulas ”) sobre a modelagem da Corrente do Brasil e investigado em simulacoes numericas com o Regional Ocean Model (ROMS). Apesar da forcante mecânica ser dominante, mostra-se que uma correta representacao de correntes e da estrutura termica nas camadas superiores do oceano somente sao possiveis quando fluxos de calor sao implementados e que algum tipo de retroalimentacao da TSM sobre os fluxos e tambem necessaria. Estes resultados sao particularmente importantes na modelagem voltada para a oceanografia operacional. Palavras-chave : Corrente do Brasil, fluxos superficial de calor, modelagem numerica.
Selective Antitumoral Effect of Sorafenib Loaded PLGA NanoparticlesConjugated with Cetuximab on Undifferentiated/Anaplastic ThyroidCarcinoma Cells

Drug targeting represents a challenging approach with promising potential to circumvent some problems associated with many toxic effects of antineoplastics drugs. The objective of the present study was to develop PLGA nanoparticles surface modified with cetuximab to deliver in a targeted fashion sorafenib into undifferentiated/anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line as an efficient in vitro model Sorafenib loaded nanoparticles were obtained by the single emulsion evaporation method and characterized in terms of size (252 nm), charge (-14.6 mV), morphology (spherical), drug entrapment efficiency (58%) and in vitro drug release. Resulted nanoparticles were surface conjugated with monoclonal antibody cetuximab by EDC/Sulfo-NHS cross linking chemistry, without affecting significantly to their physicochemical properties. 51% of the cetuximab was incorporated into the surface of PLGA nanoparticles. Cellular uptake studies were performed with fluorescent (6-coumarin) PLGA nanoparticles and cetuximab conjugated fluorescent PLGA nanoparticles in both thyroid anaplastic (CAL-62) and normal thyroid cells (Nthy-ori 3-1). Confocal microscopy assays revealed that the capture of immunonanoparticles over the time showed a different pattern depending on the cell and the nanoparticles studies. In vitro antiproliferation assay based on MTT showed that sorafenib incorporated nanoparticles had a more cytotoxic effect on normal thyroid Nthy-ori 3-1 cells than on anaplastic thyroid CAL-62 cells. However, cetuximab conjugated nanoparticles reverted the cytotoxicity profile, showing a lower cytotoxic effect on normal thyroid Nthy-ori 3-1 cells when compared with anaplastic thyroid CAL-62 cells. These data suggest that sorafenib-PLGA nanoparticles surface modified with cetuximab represent a new and promising targeting approach for the treatment of epithelial thyroid cancer.
Patterns and controls of inter-annual variability in the terrestrial carbon budget

Abstract. The terrestrial carbon fluxes show the largest variability among the components of the global carbon cycle and drive most of the temporal variations in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2. Understanding the environmental controls and trends of the terrestrial carbon budget is therefore essential to predict the future trajectories of the CO2 airborne fraction and atmospheric concentrations. In the present work, patterns and controls of the inter-annual variability (IAV) of carbon net ecosystem exchange (NEE) have been analysed using three different data streams: ecosystem-level observations from the FLUXNET database (La Thuile and 2015 releases), the MPI-MTE (model tree ensemble) bottom–up product resulting from the global upscaling of site-level fluxes, and the Jena CarboScope Inversion, a top–down estimate of surface fluxes obtained from observed CO2 concentrations and an atmospheric transport model. Consistencies and discrepancies in the temporal and spatial patterns and in the climatic and physiological controls of IAV were investigated between the three data sources. Results show that the global average of IAV at FLUXNET sites, quantified as the standard deviation of annual NEE, peaks in arid ecosystems and amounts to ∼ 120 gC m−2 y−1, almost 6 times more than the values calculated from the two global products (15 and 20 gC m−2 y−1 for MPI-MTE and the Jena Inversion, respectively). Most of the temporal variability observed in the last three decades of the MPI-MTE and Jena Inversion products is due to yearly anomalies, whereas the temporal trends explain only about 15 and 20 % of the variability, respectively. Both at the site level and on a global scale, the IAV of NEE is driven by the gross primary productivity and in particular by the cumulative carbon flux during the months when land acts as a sink. Altogether these results offer a broad view on the magnitude, spatial patterns and environmental drivers of IAV from a variety of data sources that can be instrumental to improve our understanding of the terrestrial carbon budget and to validate the predictions of land surface models.
Comparative efficacy of supplementation of phytoconcentrate herbal preparation and synthetic amino acid on broiler performance

In view to study the role of herbal sources of essential amino acids in improving growth & performance, an experiment was conducted on seventy five day Vencob broiler chicks. Chicks were randomly divided into three groups (n=25), one negative control (T ) and two treatments (T & T ). Control group (T ) was offered basal diet deficient in natural or 0 1 2 0 synthetic source of amino acids (choline, methionine, lysine & biotin). Treatment group T was fed with basal diet 1 supplemented with polyherbal formulation comprising natural sources (herbs) that mimic the activity of amino acids (choline, methionine, lysine & biotin) @ 2Kg/tonne of feed while treatment group T was fed with basal diet 2 supplemented with combination of synthetic choline chloride (600gm/tonne), synthetic methionine (1kg/tonne), synthetic lysine (1kg/tonne) and biotin (150mg/tonne). Growth & performance parameters were recorded at weekly intervals and a metabolic trial for nutrient retention studies was conducted at the end of study. A significant increase in mean body weight gain, mean final body weight, feed efficiency & nutrient retention was observed in both the treated groups as compared to untreated control. The results of group T supplemented with herbal sources of amino acids were 1 in confirmation with T supplemented with combination of synthetic amino acids suggesting that the polyherbal 2