Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Oxygen Saturation With Smartphone Cameras Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Arterial oxygen saturation (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{SaO}_2$</tex-math></inline-formula>) is an indicator of how much oxygen is carried by hemoglobin in the blood. Having enough oxygen is vital for the functioning of cells in the human body. Measurement of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{SaO}_2$</tex-math></inline-formula> is typically estimated with a pulse oximeter, but recent works have investigated how smartphone cameras can be used to infer <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{SaO}_2$</tex-math></inline-formula>. In this paper, we propose methods for the measurement of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{SaO}_2$</tex-math></inline-formula> with a smartphone using convolutional neural networks and preprocessing steps to better guard against motion artifacts. To evaluate this methodology, we conducted a breath-holding study involving 39 participants. We compare the results using two different mobile phones. We compare our model with the ratio-of-ratios model that is widely used in pulse oximeter applications, showing that our system has significantly lower mean absolute error (2.02%) than a medical pulse oximeter.
Trichoscopy of Dark Scalp

Trichoscopy (dermoscopy of the hair and scalp) is a technique that improves diagnostic accuracy and follow-up with hair and scalp disorders. Although several studies of trichoscopy have been made in Caucasian and Asian populations, little has been published regarding trichoscopy findings in skin of color, despite the great prevalence of hair diseases in populations with this kind of skin. The aim of this review was to describe the trichoscopic features of normal scalp and of hair disorders in patients with dark skin phototypes. This will help dermatologists to distinguish between unique trichoscopic features of dark skin, and allow them to provide more accurate diagnoses and treatments for these patients.
Developing behavioural indicators for intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour for ICD‐11 disorders of intellectual development

BACKGROUND We present the work conducted to arrive at deriving behavioural indicators that could be used to guide clinical judgement in determining the presence and severity of deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour for the purpose of making a diagnosis of disorders of intellectual development. METHODS An interdisciplinary expert panel provided guidance in developing behavioural indicators for intellectual functioning. A national dataset of adaptive behaviour on a sample of individuals with a diagnosis of intellectual disability was used to develop the behavioural indicators for the adaptive behaviour. The adaptive behaviour data were analysed using a cluster analysis procedure to define the different severity groupings by chronological age groups. RESULTS We present a series of tables containing behavioural indicators across the lifespan for intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, including conceptual, social and practical skills. These tables of behavioural indicators have been proposed for use in the clinical version of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) to be published by the World Health Organization. CONCLUSIONS The proposed behavioural indicators for disorders of ID described in the present article and to be included in the ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines are put forth to assist professionals in making an informed clinical decision regarding an individual's level of intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour for the purpose of making a determination about the presence and severity of disorders of ID.
Pelvic floor muscle activity during fast voluntary contractions in continent and incontinent women

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has also been attributed to a lower speed of contraction of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM). Therefore, PFM assessment and training implement fast voluntary contractions (FVC). The purpose of the study was to explore FVC regarding feasibility, on‐/offset and rate of activity determination, as well as differences between continent (CON) and stress urinary incontinent (SUI) women.
Do Caregiver Characteristics Affect Caregiver Burden Differently in Different Countries?

The relationships between caregiver burden as measured with the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers–short form and 6 characteristics of caregivers caring for patients with dementia were investigated for caregivers from England (n = 36), Finland (n = 42), and Greece (n = 46) using survey data. In all 3 countries, caregiver burden increases with physical problems of the caregiver, emotional problems of the caregiver, and weekly hours of care. Hence, in all 3 countries, special support for informal care is required when these characteristics are at high levels. When the caregiver is a spouse or long-term partner of the person with dementia, lives in the same house as this person, or spends fewer than 20 h/wk for other duties than care, this is associated with less caregiver burden in England but with more caregiver burden in Greece. Accordingly, special support is required for Greek caregivers with these characteristics, but the opposite is true for English caregivers.
Nonsyndromic Unilateral Coronal Synostosis: A Comparison of Fronto-Orbital Advancement and Endoscopic Suturectomy

Background: Comparative effectiveness research is needed to optimize treatment of unilateral coronal synostosis. This study compares perioperative morbidity, ophthalmic, and aesthetic outcomes of patients with nonsyndromic unilateral coronal synostosis treated by endoscopic suturectomy or fronto-orbital advancement. Methods: From 2004 to 2015, patients with unilateral coronal synostosis were reviewed and data recorded for operative details, reoperations, and aesthetic results using the Whitaker classification, severity of strabismus, and need for surgical correction. Categorical data were analyzed using the Fisher’s exact test and continuous data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Ninety-four patients were treated with endoscopic suturectomy (n = 60) or fronto-orbital advancement (n = 34). Median age at follow-up was 3.5 years (range, 1 to 9 years) for endoscopic suturectomy and 5.0 years (range, 2 to 11 years) for fronto-orbital advancement (p = 0.06). The endoscopic suturectomy group had a lower operative time (42 minutes versus 216 minutes), length of stay (1 day versus 4 days), blood loss (25 cc versus 260 cc), and transfusion rate (0 percent versus 88 percent). Two patients treated with fronto-orbital advancement required secondary intervention for intracranial pressure. Thirty-one percent (16 of 52) of the endoscopic suturectomy group and 65 percent (19 of 29) of the fronto-orbital advancement group developed clinically significant strabismus requiring surgical repair (p = 0.002). In the endoscopic suturectomy group, 88 percent (50 of 57) were Whitaker class I and 5 percent were class II. In the fronto-orbital advancement group, 41 percent (14 of 34) were class I and 44 percent class II. Need for bony revision (two of 57 versus three of 34) and need for secondary cranial procedure (two of 57 versus two of 34) were similar following endoscopic suturectomy and fronto-orbital advancement. Conclusions: For treatment of unilateral coronal synostosis, endoscopic suturectomy is associated with lower morbidity and comparable aesthetics. Patients treated with endoscopic suturectomy are half as likely to require strabismus surgery compared with those treated with fronto-orbital advancement. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
Influence of Calcium Ions on the Thermal Characteristics of α-amylase from Thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. GXS-BL

Background: α-Amylases are starch-degrading enzymes and used widely, the study on thermostability of α-amylase is a central requirement for its application in life science and biotech-nology. Objective: In this article, our motivation is to study how the effect of Ca2+ ions on the structure and thermal characterization of α-amylase (AGXA) from thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp.GXS-BL. Methods: α-Amylase activity was assayed with soluble starch as the substrate, and the amount of sugar released was determined by DNS method. For AGXA with calcium ions and without calcium ions, optimum temperature (Topt), half-inactivation temperature (T50) and thermal inactivation (half-life, t1/2) was evaluated. The thermal denaturation of the enzymes was determined by DSC and CD methods. 3D structure of AGXA was homology modeled with α-amylase (5A2A) as the template. Results: With calcium ions, the values of Topt, T50, t1/2, Tm and ΔH in AGXA were significantly high-er than those of AGXA without calcium ions, showing calcium ions had stabilizing effects on α-amylase structure with the increased temperature. Based on DSC measurements AGXA underwent thermal denaturation by adopting two-state irreversible unfolding processes. Based on the CD spectra, AGXA without calcium ions exhibited two transition states upon unfolding, including α-helical contents increasing, and the transition from α-helices to β-sheet structures, which was obviously dif-ferent in AGXA with Ca2+ ions, and up to 4 Ca2+ ions were located on the inter-domain or intra-domain regions according to the modeling structure. Conclusion: These results reveal that Ca2+ ions have pronounced influences on the thermostability of AGXA structure.
Early cochlear implantation: Verbal working memory, vocabulary, speech intelligibility and participant variables

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare performance in the areas of verbal working memory (VWM), vocabulary skills, and speech intelligibility between children with cochlear implants (CIs) and children with typical development (TD). The correlations between participant variables and the scores of children with CIs in VWM and the measures of language were examined. Also, it was important to identify which variables predict VWM in children with CIs. Methods: A total of 59 children participated in this study with the study group being comprised of 31 children who had received a CI and the control group being comprised of 28 children with TD. The assessment techniques utilized in this study were the backward digit span (BDS), non-word repetition, speech intelligibility, and vocabulary skills. Results: The study results revealed significant differences in the non-word repetition, speech intelligibility, and vocabulary tasks. The results all favored the typically developing children while the findings for the BDS were equal for both groups. Discussion: In children with CIs the results for VWM observed in this study are believed to be related to the modality of assessment presentation, prior vocabulary knowledge, and familiarity with the presented material. The results from this study also revealed that the variables which predicted VWM in children with CIs were speech perception, duration of CI use, and vocabulary knowledge.
The Impact of Historical Trauma on Health Outcomes for Indigenous Populations in the USA and Canada: A Systematic Review

Beginning in the mid-1990s, the construct of historical trauma was introduced into the clinical and health science literatures to contextualize, describe, and explain disproportionately high rates of psychological distress and health disparities among Indigenous populations. As a conceptual precursor to racial trauma, Indigenous historical trauma (IHT) is distinguished by its emphasis on ancestral adversity that is intergenerationally transmitted in ways that compromise descendent well-being. In this systematic review of the health impacts of IHT, 32 empirical articles were identified that statistically analyzed the relationship between a measure of IHT and a health outcome for Indigenous samples from the United States and Canada. These articles were categorized based on their specific method for operationalizing IHT, yielding 19 articles that were grouped as historical loss studies, 11 articles that were grouped as residential school ancestry studies, and three articles that were grouped as “other” studies. Articles in all three categories included diverse respondents, disparate designs, varied statistical techniques, and a range of health outcomes. Most reported statistically significant associations between higher indicators of IHT and adverse health outcomes. Analyses were so complex, and findings were so specific, that this groundbreaking literature has yet to cohere into a body of knowledge with clear implications for health policy or professional practice. At the conceptual level, it remains unclear whether IHT is best appreciated for its metaphorical or literal functions. Nevertheless, the enthusiasm surrounding IHT as an explanation for contemporary Indigenous health problems renders it imperative to refine the construct to enable more valid research.
EFEKTIFITAS AUDIOVISUAL SEBAGAI MEDIA PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU DALAM TATALAKSANA BALITA DENGAN DIARE DI DUA RUMAH SAKIT KOTA MALANG

Pengetahuan dan sikap ibu akan membantu penyembuhan balita diare. Media audiovisual merupakan media penyuluhan yang menarik dan merangsang lebih banyak indera. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah teriidentifikasinya efektifitas audiovisual sebagai media penyuluhan terhadap perubahan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi-experimental design dengan jumlah sampel 60 orang. Pengambilan sampel melalui non probability sampling dan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dianalisis dengan independent t test . Peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap setelah penyuluhan antara kontrol dan intervensi terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (pengetahuan: p =0,01;α=0.05; sikap: p =0,036;α=0.05). Peneliti merekomendasikan penggunaan media audiovisual dalam kegiatan penyuluhan dalam upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu. Kata kunci : media audiovisual, pengetahuan, sikap
Prevalence of periodontitis: misclassification, under-recognition or over-diagnosis using partial and full-mouth periodontal examination protocols

Abstract Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the bias in estimating the prevalence of periodontitis due to partial-mouth periodontal examination protocols (PMPE) and to relate the severity and extent of periodontal damage to periodontitis misclassification when applying case definitions by Centres of Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP). Materials and methods: A full-mouth periodontal examination (FMPE) was performed in 721 adults living in North Italy to identify moderate and severe periodontitis. These results were compared with those obtained with two PMPE protocols analyzing two interproximal sites on all teeth (fMB-DL) or four interproximal sites in two random diagonal quadrants (pMDB-MDL). Results: Both PMPE systems estimated the prevalence of moderate periodontitis with limited bias (−2.79% for pMDB-MDL and −3.49% for fMB-DL), whereas produced larger relative biases for severe periodontitis (−28.74% versus − 14.55%). The percentage of under-recognition of existing periodontal disease was 8.9% under fMB-DL and 15.5% under pMDB-MDL. The diagnosis of moderate and severe periodontal disease was correctly assigned to individuals with on average 8% and 30% of pathological sites, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PMPE systems provide high level of bias when using CDC/AAP case definitions.
Epilepsy Associates with Decreased HIF-1α/STAT5b Signaling in Glioblastoma

Epilepsy at presentation is an independent favorable prognostic factor in glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we analyze the oncologic signaling pathways that associate with epilepsy in human GBMs, and that can underlie this prognostic effect. Following ethical approval and patient consent, fresh frozen GBM tissue was obtained from 76 patient surgeries. Hospital records were screened for the presence of seizures at presentation of the disease. mRNA and miRNA expression-based and gene set enrichment analyses were performed on these tissues, to uncover candidate oncologic pathways that associate with epilepsy. We performed qPCR experiments and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing 286 GBMs to further explore the association of these candidate pathways and of markers of mesenchymal transformation (NF-κB, CEBP-β, STAT3, STAT5b, VEGFA, SRF) with epilepsy. Gene sets involved in hypoxia/HIF-1α, STAT5, CEBP-β and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation signaling were significantly downregulated in epileptogenic GBMs. On confirmatory protein expression analyses, epileptogenic tumors were characterized by a significant downregulation of phospho-STAT5b, a target of HIF-1α. Epilepsy status did not associate with molecular subclassification or miRNA expression patterns of the tumors. Epileptogenic GBMs correlate with decreased hypoxia/ HIF-1α/STAT5b signaling compared to glioblastomas that do not present with epilepsy.
Association of synovial tissue polyfunctional T-cells with DAPSA in psoriatic arthritis

Objective This study examines polyfunctional T-cells in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) synovial tissue and their associations with clinical disease and implications for therapy. Methods PsA synovial tissue was enzymatically/mechanically digested to generate synovial tissue single cell suspensions. Frequencies of polyfunctional CD4, CD8, T-helper 1 (Th1), Th17 and exTh17 cells, using CD161 as a marker of Th17 plasticity, were determined by flow cytometry in matched PsA synovial tissue and peripheral blood. Synovial T-cell polyfunctionality was assessed in relation to Disease Activity in PSoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) and in synovial cell suspensions cultured with a current mode of treatment, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Results PsA synovial tissue infiltrating CD4+ T-cells expressed higher levels of interleukin (IL)-17A, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), GM-CSF and CD161, with parallel enrichment of Th1, Th17 and exTh17 T-helper subsets (all p<0.05). Interestingly, a significant proportion of synovial T-cell subsets were triple-positive for GM-CSF, tumour necrosis factor (-TNF), -IL-17 or IFN-γ compared with matched blood (all p<0.05). Importantly, frequencies of polyfunctional T-cells correlated with DAPSA: Th1-GM-CSF+/TNF+/IFN-γ+ (r=0.7, p<0.01), Th17-GM-CSF+/TNF+/IL-17+ (r=0.6, p<0.057) and exTh17-GM-CSF+/TNF+/IFN-γ+ (r=0.7, p=0.0096), with no associations observed for single cytokine-producing T-cells. Following ex vivo culture of PsA synovial tissue cell suspensions, polyfunctional GM-CSF+TNFα+IL-17A+ or/IFN-γ+-producing T-cells (p<0.05), but not single cytokine-producing T-cells, were inhibited with a PDE4 inhibitor. Conclusion These data demonstrate enrichment of polyfunctional T-cells in PsA synovial tissue which were strongly associated with DAPSA and ex vivo therapeutic response.
Arousal changes and delirium in acute medically-ill male older patients with and without dementia: a prospective study during hospitalization

Abstract Objectives: Previous research has characterized the prevalence, natural course and outcomes of delirium superimposed in dementia but much less is known about the relation between preexisting dementia and the emergence of altered arousal (such as drowsiness, obtundation, stupor or agitation) during acute medical illness. This study aimed to determine the natural course of delirium and abnormal arousal states in acute medically-ill older patients with and without prior dementia during hospital stay. Methods: Observational prospective study in an acute male geriatric ward. Patients aged ≥ 65 years old were assessed by a psychiatrist within the first 72h of admission and in every other day until discharge to determine the level of arousal and the presence of delirium. Prior cognitive impairment, sociodemographic data, chronic comorbidities, psychotropic prescription and functional status were assessed at baseline. Results: 43.5% of participants in the final sample (n= 269) had dementia. Prior dementia was associated with higher rates of moderate/severe hypoarousal (29.9% vs. 4.6%; p<0.001) and delirium (20.5% vs. 7.2%; p<0.001) at admission. RASS ≤ -3 at admission predicted a 4-fold increased intra-hospital mortality risk and RASS ≠ 0 had a sensitivity of 82.8% and a specificity of85.9% for delirium. Conclusions: Moderate/severe hypoarousal is associated with adverse outcomes and should be assessed as part of delirium spectrum, particularly in subjects with prior dementia.
Comparison of Paliperidone Palmitate and Second-Generation Oral Antipsychotics in Terms of Medication Adherence, Side Effects, and Quality of Life.

PURPOSE Although schizophrenia can be treated effectively, acute aggravations and relapses occur often. Antipsychotic drug therapies are fairly effective for decreasing the rate of relapses in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare paliperidone palmitate and the second-generation oral antipsychotic drugs used to treat patients with schizophrenia in terms of medication adherence, side effects, and quality of life. METHODS The study included 33 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who were treated with paliperidone palmitate and 51 patients who were treated with second-generation oral antipsychotics. All the patients were administered the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Clinical Global Impression, the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, the UKU (Ugvalg for Kliniske Undersgelser) Side Effect Rating Scale, the Short Form 36, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and the Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight. RESULTS The medication adherence and perceived general health scores of the patients treated with paliperidone palmitate were significantly higher than those of the patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics, and the side effects of the medication on the patients' daily performance were significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that long-acting paliperidone palmitate therapy was associated with more favorable results in terms of medication adherence, drug side effects, and quality of life compared with second-generation oral antipsychotics. However, there is a need for further, more specific, and larger-scale studies in this field.