Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative Bioavailability of Two Drug Products of Somatropin Obtained from Either the Milk of Transgenic Cows or Bacterial Culture

Background: Our objective was to assess the relative bioavailability of the first somatropin produced in transgenic cloned cows that carry the human growth hormone (GH) gene (Biohormon®) and somatropin produced in Escherichia coli culture (HHT®), the procedure most frequently used for the commercial production of the hormone. Methods: Upon approval by an independent ethics committee and the National Regulatory Agency of Argentina, we compared the time-concentration profiles of somatropin in 24 healthy volunteers, in a randomized, 2-period, 2-sequence crossover design after inhibition of endogenous GH secretion with lanreotide, a long-acting somastostatin analogue. After the subcutaneous administration of 1.33 mg of each formulation, serum somatropin was analyzed by chemiluminescent immunoassay and IGF-I by immunoradiometric assay. Safety was assessed by clinical and laboratory parameters. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with Win Nonlin® 5.2 using a non-compartmental model and bioequivalence was assessed. Results: The test/reference ratios of AUC, AUClast and Cmax were 106.4 (90% CI = 100.2–112.9), 105.3 (90% CI = 99.1–111.8) and 105.49 (90% CI = 92.6–120.1), respectively. No serious adverse events were reported and no GH antibodies were detected. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a single dose of Biohormon, the first product with somatropin obtained from milk of transgenic mammals, is bioequivalent to the reference product HHT according to standard criteria.
Empirical Linkages between Trading Volume and Stock Markets Shocks: When Sentiments Drive Investors’ Behavior

In this paper, we examine the impact of investor psychological state on their trading volume for the US stock market using a VECM model for the period from July 1987 to May 2014. We propose alternative specifications for investors’ sentiment considering their optimistic and pessimistic states. We find that during pessimistic periods, investors’ are extensively alerted. In optimistic and normal periods, they are less attentive.
“This Is a Decision You Have to Make”: Using Simulation to Study Prenatal Counseling

Introduction Prenatal decision making during extremely preterm labor is challenging for parents and physicians. Ethical and logistical concerns have limited empirical descriptions of physician counseling behaviors in this setting and constricted opportunities for communication training. This pilot study examines how simulation might be used to engage neonatologists in reflecting on their usual prenatal counseling behaviors. Methods Neonatology physicians counseled a couple (standardized patients) with the female patient having impending delivery at 23 3/7 weeks. Encounters were videotaped. Physicians completed postencounter surveys and debriefing interviews. Mixed-methods analysis explored the outcomes of clinical verisimilitude and counseling behaviors. Results All 10 neonatology physicians found that the simulation was highly realistic and that their behaviors paralleled neonatologist self-report in other studies. Physicians contributed more than 80% of encounter dialogue and mostly focused on biomedical information related to the acute perinatal period. Physicians spent nearly a quarter of each encounter in building relationships and expressing empathy. Most physicians initiated discussion about quality versus quantity of life but infrequently elicited the parents’ related goals and values. When medical factors and family preferences were held constant, physicians assumed variable responsibility for making decisions about resuscitation. Most physicians declined parent requests for treatment recommendations, although all of those physicians felt more than 75% certain about what should be done. Conclusions Simulation can reproduce the decisional context of prenatal counseling for extremely premature labor. These results have implications for communication training in any setting where physicians and patients without established relationships must discuss acute diagnoses and make high-stakes medical decisions.
Use of a 3D dynamometric horseshoe for the measurement of grip parameters in a horse cantering on right and left circles on two surfaces

The notion of grip, or traction, between a sport surface and the athlete’s shoes is a critical parameter as it conditions performance but can also be a factor of injury. In human sport, grip has been investigated in order to improve the design of shoes and surfaces through characteristics such as dynamic traction coefficient and dynamic vertical torque. The same kind of improvement could be obtained for equine competition surfaces on which the horses have to perform sharp turns. In this context, biomechanical parameters related to grip must be defined and measured under sport conditions, which require the measurement of the triaxial hoof reaction force (HRF). The purpose of this study was to comparatively assess the grip of two surfaces, one designed for competition and the other for instruction, while measuring the HRF in a horse cantering in circles.
Contact and photocontact dermatitis from Ruta chalepensis

by immunofluorescence (Table 1) revealed a significantly higher (P<0.005) frequency of fibrin deposits in the reticular dermis, in a pattern that spared blood vessels of the upper dermal plexus. Fig. 1 illustrates one such reaction in an allergic contact dermatitis lesion. The reaction patterns in the 2 cases that gave positive fibrin reactions in the reticular dermis, in response to the 20% HCl irritation, differed from "true positive" reaction patterns in that smooth, linear fibrin deposits also appeared in the capillaries in the upper dermal plexus (Fig. 2). Reviews of routine direct immunofluorescent findings in skin biopsies of 22 consecutive cases with questions of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) in the differential diagnosis, revealed 2 with IgA deposits in the papillary dermis diagnostic of DH and 4 with fibrin deposits of the allergic contact dermatitis type. We feel these 4 cases merit patch tests. Our preliminary studies lend support to the previous findings of an association between perivascular fibrin deposits and cell-mediated immune reactions such as allergic contact dermatitis (1-3). Coded further studies may reveal why 100% positives were found in experimentally-induced DNCB reactions (1), but only 58% to environmental antigens; we found only 45% "fibrin positives" in such cases. SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
A Hamilton-Jacobi approach for front propagation in kinetic equations

In this paper we use the theory of viscosity solutions for Hamilton-Jacobi equations to study propagation phenomena in kinetic equations. We perform the hydrodynamic limit of some kinetic models thanks to an adapted WKB ansatz. Our models describe particles moving according to a velocity-jump process, and proliferating thanks to a reaction term of monostable type. The scattering operator is supposed to satisfy a maximum principle. When the velocity space is bounded, we show, under suitable hypotheses, that the phase converges towards the viscosity solution of some constrained Hamilton-Jacobi equation which effective Hamiltonian is obtained solving a suitable eigenvalue problem in the velocity space. In the case of unbounded velocities, the non-solvability of the spectral problem can lead to different behavior. In particular, a front acceleration phenomena can occur. Nevertheless, we expect that when the spectral problem is solvable one can extend the convergence result.
Meat Consumption and the Risk of Barrett's Esophagus in a Large Dutch Cohort

Background: Increasing meat intake and its possible role in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma raises the question whether meat consumption is associated with the premalignant lesion, Barrett's esophagus. Methods: Associations between the risk of Barrett's esophagus and meat consumption, intake of N-nitrosodimethylamine, nitrite, and heme iron were examined in the Netherlands Cohort Study among 120,852 subjects aged 55 to 69 years in 1986. Exposure was measured on the basis of a 150-item food frequency questionnaire. After 16.3 years of follow-up, 447 Barrett's esophagus cases with specialized intestinal metaplasia and 3,919 subcohort members were analyzed in a case-cohort design. Results: There was no association of any of the examined exposures with Barrett's risk in men or women. Results were similar in age-adjusted and fully adjusted models and in models excluding the first two years of follow-up. Conclusions: Our results do not support a role of meat consumption and N-nitrosation related factors in the development of Barrett's esophagus. Impact: The possible causal association between red meat intake and esophageal adenocarcinoma is unlikely to be mediated by mechanisms through the development of Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(6); 1162–6. ©2013 AACR.
Stillbirth, neonatal death and sudden infant death (SIDS): parental reactions.

The differences between parental grief reactions following different types of infant losses were investigated. A total of 117 parents (55 couples) from three groups of parents (stillbirth, neonatal death and Sudden Infant Death), 53% women and 47% men, answered a survey on different grief reactions one to four years following the death. Included in the survey were psychometric measures relating to anxiety, depression, impact of event, bodily discomfort, and general wellbeing. The results demonstrated that the three groups differed in their experience of various grief reactions. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) parents reported significantly more anxiety and intrusive thoughts than the other two groups in the early post-loss period, as well as significantly more anger, restlessness, and sleep disturbances than the neonatal group. The SIDS parents also scored significantly higher on some of the measures (experience of recovery, IES intrusion) relating to how they felt at the time of study. While the death being sudden did not show any correlation with the parents experience of recovery or the psychometric measures, the length of time the child had lived showed a strong relationship to these measures. It is emphasized that counselling to parents must be based on increased knowledge about parental reactions, tailored to the individual family's needs.
Metadata records machine translation combining multi‐engine outputs with limited parallel data

One way to facilitate Multilingual Information Access (MLIA) for digital libraries is to generate multilingual metadata records by applying Machine Translation (MT) techniques. Current online MT services are available and affordable, but are not always effective for creating multilingual metadata records. In this study, we implemented 3 different MT strategies and evaluated their performance when translating English metadata records to Chinese and Spanish. These strategies included combining MT results from 3 online MT systems (Google, Bing, and Yahoo! ) with and without additional linguistic resources, such as manually‐generated parallel corpora, and metadata records in the two target languages obtained from international partners. The open‐source statistical MT platform Moses was applied to design and implement the three translation strategies. Human evaluation of the MT results using adequacy and fluency demonstrated that two of the strategies produced higher quality translations than individual online MT systems for both languages. Especially, adding small, manually‐generated parallel corpora of metadata records significantly improved translation performance. Our study suggested an effective and efficient MT approach for providing multilingual services for digital collections.
Associations between alcohol use expectancies and drinking problems among French soldiers.

AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate which alcohol use expectancies could predict harmful use in the French Army to explore some hypotheses concerning socialising or coping effects. METHODS A cross-sectional survey, using self-administered questionnaires, was conducted in two Army units in 2011 (n = 249). Hazardous alcohol use and dependence were screened using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Alcohol expectancies were measured with the Alcohol Effects Questionnaire (AEFQ). A cluster analysis was performed to identify AEFQ dimensions in our sample. Relationships between AUDIT and AEFQ were explored using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS According to AUDIT, 46.6% of soldiers used alcohol without hazard, 26.1% had hazardous use without dependence and 18.1% had use with dependence. The AEFQ had an adequate internal coherence with a 0.78 α coefficient. The scales identified by the cluster analysis in our sample fitted those retained in the originally validated AEFQ, with a correspondence ranging from 60% to 100%. In multivariate analysis, the scale "Social and physical pleasure" was associated with increasing hazardous use and subjects who scored higher on "Global positive" and "Social and physical pleasure" scales were more at risk of dependence. CONCLUSION The present study, in line with previous research in terms of importance of alcohol use disorders among military personnel, found that alcohol use expectancies are associated with alcohol misuse among soldiers. This could suggest underlying coping mechanisms towards stress that have to be further explored.
DNA damage responses protect xeroderma pigmentosum variant from UVC-induced clastogenesis.

Lack of DNA polymerase eta and the attendant defect in bypass replication of pyrimidine dimers induced in DNA by ultraviolet light (UV) underlie the enhanced mutagenesis and carcinogenesis observed in xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V). We investigated whether diploid XP-V fibroblasts growing in culture are also more susceptible to UV-induced clastogenesis than normal human fibroblasts (NHF). This study utilized diploid fibroblasts immortalized by the ectopic expression of human telomerase. The cell lines displayed checkpoint responses to DNA damage comparable with those measured in the parental strains. Shortly after exposure to low doses of UVC (< or =4 J/m2), XP-V cells accumulated daughter strand gaps in excess of normal controls (>25-fold). Daughter strand gaps generated in UV-irradiated S phase cells are potential precursors of chromatid-type chromosomal aberrations. Nonetheless, chromatid-type chromosomal aberrations were only 1.5 to 2 times more abundant in XP-V than in NHF exposed to the same UVC dose. XP-V cells, however, displayed S phase delays at lower doses of UVC and for longer periods of time than NHF. These results support the hypothesis that aberrant DNA structures activate S phase checkpoint responses that increase the time available for postreplication repair. Alternatively, cells that cannot be properly repaired remain permanently arrested and never reach mitosis. These responses protect human cells from chromosomal aberrations, especially when other pathways, such as accurate lesion bypass, are lost.
The search for mast cell and basophil models – are we getting closer to pathophysiological relevance?

Mast cells (MC) and basophils (BAS) have long been recognized for their detrimental role in the elicitation of allergic diseases. In recent years, scientific results revealed both cell types as versatile effector cells that exhibit far more complex functions beyond their role in allergy. MC and BAS have been shown to be critically involved in various innate and adaptive immune responses and, thereby, providing beneficial host protecting immunity. In contrast, they also contribute to the development and maintenance of several chronic inflammatory diseases that, even at the present time, lack sufficient treatment options. The diversity of important MC and BAS functions places these cell types into promising therapeutic targets. COST is an intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in Science and Technology, allowing the coordination of nationally funded research on a European level. The COST Action ‘BM1007 Mast Cells and Basophils – Targets for Innovative Therapies’ is a network of European experts to foster a multidisciplinary approach for the identification, characterization and development of such targets and their translation into novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, the Action provides a platform for young researchers to gain up-to-date insights into the field. The 2nd COST Action BM1007 Training School was held in Jerusalem, Israel, in January 2014 as part of the COST Action working group activities to study the physiological and pathophysiological importance of MC and BAS in health and disease. Thirty-four students from 12 countries across Europe participated in two full and intensive days of training and discussion about the pathophysiological relevance, benefits and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models currently available for MC and BAS research. This report summarizes and concludes on its outcomes.
Chemical constituents and biological activities of Artemisia herba-alba.

Artemisia, one of the larger genera in the family Asteraceae and the largest genus in the tribe Anthemideae, comprises from 200 to more than 500 taxa at the specific or subspecific level. Many Artemisia species have a high economic value in several fields, as food plants and as antihelminthic and antimalaria in medicine. Artemisia herba-alba was known for its therapeutic and medicinal properties, it was used in both traditional and modern medicine. Several papers have been published on the chemical composition of specimens of A. herba-alba. The aim of this work is to review all available scientific literature published on A. herba-alba. The focus will be on the chemical constitutions which have been identified from this species, in addition to all of the reported biological activites of this species have been included as well as the pharmacology and toxicology. KeywordsArtemisia herba-alba; sesquiterpenes; flavonoids; essential oil; biological activities.
Spatial selectivity of unit activity in the hippocampal granular layer

Single neuron activity was recorded in the granular layer of the fascia dentata in freely moving rats, while the animals performed a spatial “working” memory task on an eight‐arm maze. Using recording methods that facilitate detection of units with low discharge rates, it was found that the majority (88%) of cells in this layer have mean rates below 0.5 Hz, with a minimum of 0.01 Hz or less. The remaining recorded cells exhibited characteristics typical of the theta interneurons found throughout the hippocampus. Based on several criteria including relative proportion and the relation of their evoked discharges to the population spike elicited by perforant path stimulation, it was concluded that the low‐rate cells correspond to granule cells. Granule cells exhibited clear spatially and directionally selective discharge that was at least as selective as that of a sample of CA3 pyramidal cells recorded under the same conditions. Granule cells had significantly smaller place fields than pyramidal cells, and tended to have more discontiguous subfields. There was no spatial correlation among simultaneously recorded adjacent granule cells. Granule cells also exhibited burst discharges reminiscent of complex spikes from pyramidal cells while the animals sat quietly; however, the spike duration of granule cells was significantly shorter than CA3 pyramidal cell spike durations. Under conditions of environmental stability, granule cell place fields were stable for at least several days. Following occasional maze rotations relative to the (somewhat impoverished) visual stimuli of the recording room, granule cell place fields were maintained relative to the distal spatial cues; however, frequent rotations of the maze sometimes resulted in a shift in the reference frame to the maze itself. These observations indicate that granule cells of the fascia dentata provide their CA3 targets with a high degree of spatial information, in the form of a sparsely coded, distributed representation.
Is There a Link Between Infection Due to Adenovirus 36 and Childhood Obesity?

Childhood obesity has more than tripled over the last 30 years. About 17% of Americans aged 2–19 years are obese as are 8% of Europe’s school-age children. Most obese children remain obese during adulthood, and this can lead to hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, some types of cancer and psychological problems. Obesity is a chronic disease of multiple etiologies, but the most important factors leading to fat accumulation in children are genetic inheritance, endocrine alterations, and behavioral/environmental causes such as diet, lack of exercise, cultural practices and stress. Evidence emerging over the last 20 years supports the hypothesis that viral infections may be associated with obesity in animals and humans, and this review considers the data indicating a link between viral infection and childhood obesity.
Self-reported dieting: how should we ask? What does it mean? Associations between dieting and reported energy intake.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether self-reports of dieting to control weight are associated with reported energy intake, how this association varies with the phrasing of questions on dieting behaviors, and whether this association differs by educational level and weight status among adult male and female respondents. METHODS The study population included 996 women and 227 men, aged 20-45, who volunteered to participate in a weight gain prevention trial. Participants completed surveys at baseline regarding their dieting behaviors and nutritional intake. RESULTS The association between self-reported dieting and energy intake varied according to the phrasing of the questions assessing dieting behaviors. Multi-item scales and nonambiguous single-item questions (e.g., "current dieting") were more strongly associated with reported energy intake than more general single-item questions (e.g., "doing anything to lose weight"). Overweight dieters reported lower energy intake than overweight nondieters. Among nonoverweight persons, associations between dieting and energy intake were not significant. The association between dieting and energy intake did not differ by educational level among women. Among men, dieting predicted lower energy intake in those with low educational levels, although the number of men with low educational levels who were dieting was small. Reported dieting was not associated with energy intake among men with higher educational levels. DISCUSSION Associations between self-reports of dieting and reported energy intake vary according to the phrasing of specific questions about dieting, gender, education, and weight status. These factors should be taken into account in the design of instruments for measuring these behaviors and in the interpretation of results, especially across studies using different methodologies.