Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Display-control integrality and heterogeneous dynamics in dual-axis tracking

Several explanations are possible for the performance decrements which occur when tasks are performed concurrently. Capacity theories describe the ability of parallel processing up to a certain point at which a processing "bottleneck" occurs and serial processing becomes necessary in order to prevent further decrements. The stage of processing at which the bottleneck occurs has come under considerable debate. Ample evidence has been cited for either perceptual (early) bottlenecks or response (late) bottlenecks depending on the task combinations studied. More recent research has been successful at describing the "bottleneck" limitations as a resource effect suggesting that performance decrements occur when there is competition between tasks for scarce resources. An opposing view to multiple resource theories suggest that performance decrements are a direct result of cross-talk produced by processing throughputs and outputs between the two tasks. A manual tracking paradigm was designed in an attempt to determine the effects of display-control integrality and control-per when two ve heterogeneous controlled element dynamics are combined in dual-axis . tracking. This paradigm was used in an attempt to determine the effectiveness of existing theories of divided attention at predicting and describing performance decrements when dissimilar tasks are performed concurrently. Twenty-eight male and four female subjects (N = 32) were randomly assigned between two integrality (integrated, separated) displaycontrol configurations, and two control-order (low,high) conditions. Also, three emphasis conditions were studied: equal-emphasis (effort) on each axis, and two conditions of 25% effort on one axis, 75% effort on the other. Data were collected and analyzed for single and dual-axis tracking trials. Root mean square error (RMSE), control speed, response hold, and controltheory parameters were analyzed in an attempt to identify the source and magnitude of performance decrements under these conditions. Results indicated that better RMSE performance was achieved for the position, velocity, and acceleration controlled element dynamics when the integrated configuration was used (p=.050, p=.012, p=.034), and these
Evaluation of the Impact of Opportunistic Networking on Command and Control System Performance

Intermittent radio contact is likely to be a reality in field deployment of wireless command and control systems. Deliberate interference due to jamming can be expected in both civilian and military applications, as well as signal attenuation and damping due to terrain and urban structures. Existing command and control systems assume continuous radio contacts between the units. In this study we relax this requirement and characterize the performance of the SAAB command and control system when radio contact is intermittent. This study applies our prior research in connectivity modeling of intermittently connected (opportunistic) networks to study the degradation of command and control system performance in relation to two key aspects of intermittent connectivity, ”connectedness”, and ”predictability”. Connectedness is defined as the percentage of operational time that pairs of units in the system are in radio contact and can exchange data. Predictability is defined as a measure of the regularity of contact with other units. In this study we evaluate the impact of variations in ”connectedness” and ”predictability” on traffic delivery rates for a typical command and control system scenario both analytically and experimentally. Our results indicate that it is the amount of connectedness of the system that mostly influences the successful delivery of content and the infeasibility of delivering certain type of traffic at expected levels in the presence of intermittent connectivity.
The Founding of Tiwanaku

Abstract Tiwanaku is among the most prominent sites in the Andes. Despite nearly a century of research, it remains unclear when the site was founded, currently thought to be around 300 B.C. Excavations in 2008 in the Kk'araña sector present patterns suggested by previous research the earliest material culture is from the first part of the Late Formative period. Tiwanaku was likely founded during the first or second century A.D. This refinement to the site's history carries implications for clarifying the ceramic chronology and the relatively rapid process of state emergence.Tiwanaku se encuentra entre los sitios más preeminentes en los Andes, pero después de casi un siglo de investigación, permanece poco clara la fecha de su fundación, sugerida alrededor de 300 a.C. Ésta se basa en la presencia de fechados radio-carbónicos tempranos, los cuales no están asociados con material cultural, y por tanto no se corresponden con ocupaciones humanas del sitio. Excavaciones recientes en el sector de Kk'araña confirman los patrones de las investigaciones previas, en donde el material cultural más temprano en Tiwanaku se ubica en el primer o segundo siglo d.C., durante el Período Formativo Tardío. En Kk'araña, como en otros sectores, este material se encuentra en estratos inmediatamente por encima de sedimentos estériles. Toda esa evidencia temprana de contextos domésticos, se localiza alrededor del Templete semisubterráneo, el núcleo probable de la fundación del sitio. Sugiero entonces que la fundación de Tiwanaku se produjo después del 1 d.C. Ello se basa en un refinamiento en la cronología disponible para el sitio y en tres fechados nuevos, por primera vez en 50 años, para el Período Formativo Tardío. Esto conlleva implicancias importantes para entender el proceso acelerado que pudo ocurrir en la conformación de este estado.
The distinctive nature of task repetition in writing: implications for theory, research and pedagogy

Abstract This paper looks into the distinctive nature of task repetition (TR) in the environment of L2 writing and the potential language learning benefits that may derive from implementing various forms of TR. The main argument put forward is that it is theoretically and pedagogically relevant to problematize and expand current understandings of TR in the realm of oral tasks on account of both the defining characteristics of written communication, and the idiosyncrasy of the “external” and “internal” task repetition dimensions of writing tasks. The argument is constructed on the basis of three building blocks: (i) an analysis of the concept of TR as currently conceptualized and researched in the TBLT theoretical and empirical literature, and a review of the empirical literature on the nature and observed effects of TR in the oral modality; (ii) a discussion of the nature and potential effects of TR in the written modality, and, on the basis of the two previous building blocks, (iii) a reflection on implications for refinements in TBLT theorizing and for the expansion of empirical research agendas. Resumen Este trabajo presenta una reflexion sobre las caracteristicas definitorias del procedimiento conocido como Repeticion de la tarea (RT) en la modalidad escrita, asi como los posibles efectos que sobre el aprendizaje linguistico puedan derivarse de la puesta en marcha de distintas formas de RT. La tesis defendida es que es relevante desde las perspectivas teorica y aplicada reconsiderar los planteamientos actuales sobre la RT en lo que respecta a tareas orales sobre la base tanto de las caracteristicas definitorias de la comunicacion escrita, como de la idiosincrasia de las variedades de RT “externa” e “interna” que caracterizan tareas es la modalidad escrita. Estas ideas se desarrollan sobre la base de tres pilares: (i) un analisis de los planteamientos teoricos y la investigacion empirica de la RT en el ambito de la comunicacion oral, (ii) una discusion de la naturaleza y los efectos que potencialmente puedan derivarse de la repeticion de tareas escritas y, sobre la base de los dos pilares anteriores, (iii) una reflexion sobre las posibles implicaciones para ulteriores desarrollos en la reflexion teorica y la investigacion empirica.
Causes and Consequences of Pathological Gaming

Jeroen Lemmens deed onderzoek naar gameverslaving. Met een longitudinale onderzoek onder 851 Nederlandse adolescenten toont Lemmens aan dat voornamelijk mannelijke adolescente gamers met psychosociale problemen (zoals eenzaamheid, verminderde sociale competentie en een laag zelfbeeld) een grotere kans hebben om gameverslaving te ontwikkelen. Hoewel deze groep door het spelen van games de negatieve gevoelens die voortkomen uit sociale tekortkomingen tijdelijk kan verdringen, draagt pathologische betrokkenheid weinig bij aan de ontwikkeling en het onderhouden van contacten in het echte leven. Waarschijnlijk leidt het overmatige gamegebruik dat voortkomt uit gameverslaving, tot verdringing van werkelijke interactie en het verslechteren van bestaande relaties, waardoor deze toch al kwetsbare groep nog meer geisoleerd raakt. Dit gegeven verklaart mogelijk waarom eenzaamheid niet alleen leidt tot gameverslaving, maar dat gameverslaving tevens zorgt voor een verdere toename van eenzaamheid. Daarnaast blijkt uit het onderzoek dat gameverslaving onder jongens een toename van agressief gedrag veroorzaakt, ongeacht of er gewelddadige of niet-gewelddadige games werden gespeeld. Lemmens veronderstelt dat het overmatig gamen dat voortkomt uit gameverslaving, uiteindelijk leidt tot problemen op school en/of conflicten met ouders. Als ouders pogingen ondernemen om het buitensporige gamegedrag te stoppen, kunnen ontwenningsverschijnselen (die voortkomen uit onthouding na langdurig gebruik) leiden tot prikkelbaarheid en agressief gedrag. Dit kan ertoe leiden dat deze jongeren agressief gedrag vertonen in situaties waarin zij niet kunnen spelen, bijvoorbeeld op school of thuis wanneer ouders de speeltijd inperken. Dergelijk agressief gedrag als gevolg van gameverslaving heeftwaarschijnlijk ook een negatieve invloed op het sociale leven van gameverslaafden. Met dit laatste biedt Lemmens een alternatieve verklaring voor de toename van eenzaamheid.
Sonar Beam Direction and Flight Control in an Echolocating Bat

Title of Dissertation: SONAR BEAM DIRECTION AND FLIGHT CONTROL IN AN ECHOLOCATING BAT Kaushik Ghose, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation directed by: Professors Cynthia F. Moss and Timothy K. Horiuchi Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program Echolocating insectivorous bats are nocturnal mammals that capture fast, erratically moving insects in flight. Bats emit short ultrasonic pulses that form beams of sound and use the returning echoes to guide behavior. The frequency, duration and timing of the sonar pulses, along with the spatial direction of the sonar beam restrict the information returning to the bat, and can be considered a component of the acoustic gaze of bats. A great deal is known about the time-frequency structure of bat echolocation calls and their relationship to the stages of foraging flight in bats. It is however not known how bats direct their sonar beam in flight or how beam direction is related to flight control. This is the first study of the sonar beam direction in freely flying bats as they chase and capture insects. An apparatus and method to measure the sonar beam pattern of echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus, big brown bats) as they fly in a laboratory flight room is described. It is shown that the bat locks its sonar beam tightly onto a target during pursuit (Chapter 2). The flying bat’s sonar beam consists of two lobes directed apart in the vertical plane (Chapter 3). There is a coupling between acoustic gaze (sonar beam axis) direction and flight turn rate that can be expressed as a delayed linear control law. The gain of this law (steepness of the relationship) varies with the bat’s behavioral state (Chapter 4). The bat, when pursuing erratically flying insects, adopts a strategy that keeps the absolute direction to the target a constant. This strategy is shown, under some assumptions, to minimize time-to-intercept of erratically maneuvering targets and is similar to parallel navigation implemented in guided missiles (Chapter 5). The bat is not helpless against ultrasound-triggered evasive dives evolved by some hearing insects. The bat adopts flight strategies to counter such dives (Chapter 6). This work allows us to compare spatial behaviors well studied in visual animals, with similar behaviors in an animal that is guided by hearing and make inferences about common computational strategies employed by nervous systems. SONAR BEAM DIRECTION AND FLIGHT CONTROL IN AN ECHOLOCATING BAT
Minimal K-step event observation policy for on-line observability of discrete event systems

In practical systems, in order to save energy of sensors and the bandwidth of communication networks which often are critical resources, we need to activate the sensors and use the communication networks as little as possible. Such problem can be formulated as a minimal event observation problem with discrete event system framework. State estimation is usually implemented on-line and how to find a minimal on-line event observation policy becomes meaningful. Observablity is an important property of state estimation for supervisory control and a minimal event observation policy which changes the observable event set whenever there is an output has been proposed. However, If the occurrences of observation events are frequent, then we need to activate/inactivate the smart sensors frequently. Frequently activating/inactivating the smart sensors need more communication resources and may do damage to the smart sensors. So we sometimes need to make a tradeoff between minimal event observation and frequency of changing the observable event set dynamically. Here we propose a minimal K-step event observation policy. That is, we change the observable event set dynamically after we observe K observable events occurred. By such way, we can change the state of the sensors much less and such policy can largely reduce the communication data between the observer and the sensors when the observer runs.
-ing words in RBMT: multilingual evaluation and exploration of pre- and post-processing solutions

This PhD dissertation falls within the domain of machine translation and it specifically focuses on the machine translation of IT-domain -ing words into four target languages: French, German, Japanese and Spanish. Claimed to be problematic due to their linguistic flexibility, i.e. -ing words can function as nouns, adjectives and verbs, this dissertation investigates how problematic -ing words are and explores possible solutions for improvement of their MT output. A corpus-based approach for a better representation of the domain-specific structures where -ing words occur is used. After selecting a significant sample, the -ing words are classified following a functional categorisation presented by Izquierdo (2006). The sample is machine-translated using a customised RBMT system. A feature-based human evaluation is then performed in order to obtain information about the specific feature under study. The results showed that 73% of the -ing words were correctly translated in terms of grammaticality and accuracy for German, Japanese and Spanish. The percentage for French was lower at 52%. These data, combined with a thorough analysis of the MT output, allows for the identification of cross-language and language-specific issues and their characteristics, setting the path for improvement. The approaches for improvements examined cover both the pre- and post-processing stages of automated translation. For pre-processing, controlled language (CL) and automatic source re-writing (ASR) are explored and evaluated. For post-processing, global search and replace (Global S&R) and statistical post-editing (SPE) methods are tested. CL is reported to reduce -ing word ambiguity but to not achieve substantial machine translation improvement. Regex-based implementations of ASR and Global S&R efforts show considerable translation improvements ranging from 60% to 95% and minimal degradation, ranging from 0% to 18%. The results yielded for SPE show little improvement, or even degradation at both sentence and -ing word level.
An Event-Driven Approach to Crowd Simulation with Example Motions

In this paper, we present an event-driven approach to crowd simulation, in particular, the simulation of the locomotive behavior of a crowd. The skeleton of our crowd simulation is the event-driven scheme for collision avoidance among time-varying balls with unknown trajectories. To facilitate our event-driven paradigm, we take into account two types of events: external and internal events. Guided by the external events reﬂecting a given scenario, the behavior of a crowd evolves as intended while adding variations mainly due to internal events triggered by the interactions among crowd members themselves and their interactions with the surrounding environment. The reactive behaviors of the members are derived from a (pedestrian) force ﬁeld model together with behavioral rules. To generate a natural-looking motion, we exploit live-capture motion clips.
The Relationship of Drawing and Mathematical Problem Solving: Draw for Math Tasks

This study examines a series of children's drawings (Draw for Math tasks) to determine the relationship of students' spatial understanding and mathematical problem solving. Level of spatial understanding was assessed by applying the framework of central conceptual structures suggested by Case (1996), a cognitive developmental researcher. Drawings students constructed for the Draw for Math tasks also were categorized as schematic (i.e., proportional details included) or non-schematic (i.e., no proportional details included). Findings indicate that level of spatial understanding and use of schematic drawings both were significantly correlated to problem solving performance. Findings from this research have implications for policy and practice. The art classroom is an important context for developing students' spatial understanding and proportional thinking abilities associated with artistic as well as mathematical ability. Specific strategies to strengthen collaborative efforts of art specialists and their colleagues to integrate meaningful mathematically-based drawing activities are also suggested.
Self-Limiting Epidemic Forwarding

We define a self-limiting epidemic service as a dissemination service for ad-hoc environments that is broadcast in nature, but is limited to a local scope around each source. Example applications are chatting or bulletin boards in a traffic jam, in an instant crowd in a campus or, in contrast, along a desert highway. Our goal is to support such a service across a wide range of conditions (dense or sparse). The main problems are to adaptively control scoping and traffic rates to avoid congestion. We propose a system design with the following elements: (1) manipulation of TTL by adaptive aging mechanisms; (2) control of forwarding factor by self-inhibition and inter-inhibition and (3) control of rate of injection by sources. We validate the design by an implementation in Java and analyze it using both simulation and ordinary differential equations. We show how it can be tuned to achieve an appropriate balance between limitation of scope and rate of information. Our design is entirely self-organized, and is free of any form of clustering or leader election.
Shift-Variant Restoration of Defocused Images Using Shift-Invariant Wavelet Transform

In this paper, we restore a blurred image caused by defocus of a lens using the shift-invariant Wavelet transform realized by the RI-Spline Wavelets. In a defocus blurred image, the blurring kernel becomes shiftvariant, so the positional frequency representation such as the Wavelet space is necessary for deblurring them. For restoring the defocusing blur, we assume that the blurring kernel of any position in a image can be obtained. In the experiments using synthesized images, our method using the shift-invariant Wavelet transform shows the better deblurring performance than the method using the ordinary Wavelet transform. We also show that our method can be applied to real images with the help of additional range data.
The mythical man-month (anniversary ed.)

Few books on software project management have been as influential and timeless as The Mythical Man-Month. With a blend of software engineering facts and thought-provoking opinions, Fred Brooks offers insight for anyone managing complex projects. These essays draw from his experience as project manager for the IBM System/360 computer family and then for OS/360, its massive software system. Now, 20 years after the initial publication of his book, Brooks has revisited his original ideas and added new thoughts and advice, both for readers already familiar with his work and for readers discovering it for the first time.The added chapters contain (1) a crisp condensation of all the propositions asserted in the original book, including Brooks' central argument in The Mythical Man-Month: that large programming projects suffer management problems different from small ones due to the division of labor; that the conceptual integrity of the product is therefore critical; and that it is difficult but possible to achieve this unity; (2) Brooks' view of these propositions a generation later; (3) a reprint of his classic 1986 paper "No Silver Bullet"; and (4) today's thoughts on the 1986 assertion, "There will be no silver bullet within ten years. " 0201835959B04262002
A Study on the Suitability of Outdoor Wear among Female Trekkers in Their Twenties and Thirties

This study investigates the suitability of outdoor wear among female trekkers in their twenties or thirties and provides data for developing outdoor wear more suitable for young females. Recently climbing has gained popularity as a leisure activity to enjoy the beauty of nature that increases physical and mental stamina. A survey was conducted on 304 female consumers in their twenties and thirties who enjoyed climbing in order to investigate the suitability of outdoor wear among young female consumers. The questionnaire covered the subjects` demographic information, duration and goal of climbing, purchase and suitability of outdoor wear, and preferred design for outdoor wear. As for the yearly situations, when they utilized outdoor wear, the biggest number of respondents chose "autumn" as the season for climbing. Most of the respondents were non-professional trekkers who enjoyed climbing as a hobby or for health. As for the size, the upper garment was 90 and 85 in the order, and the lower garment was 70 and 67 in the order. The pants were the most common item they owned, followed by round T-shirts, windbreaker jackets, zipup T-shirts, and waterproof jackets. They mentioned moisture absorption and dry fabric breathability as the basic functions required of outdoor wear. The subjects displayed a preference for partial details under the design category. They most preferred the hood-type jacket with a detachable stand collar, the sleeve hem with a partial rubber band and velcro strap, a T-shirt with a stand color and zipper, the waist fit with proper room, pants with a partial rubber band waist, and straight silhouette pants.