Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Hooley–Huxley Contour Method for Problems in Number Fields: I. Arithmetic Functions

RÉSUMÉ. On se donne une fonction multiplicative définie sur l’ensemble des idéaux d’un corps de nombres. On suppose que les valeurs prises par cette fonction sur les idéaux premiers ne dépendent que de la classe de Frobenius des idéaux premiers dans une certaine extension galoisienne. Dans ce texte, nous donnons une estimation asymptotique du nombre d’idéaux d’un corps de nombres lorsqu’ils varient dans un "petit domaine" . Nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux cas de la fonction 03C4 de Ramanu-jan dans de petits intervalles, ainsi qu’à la fonction norme relative pour des éléments d’un module d’une extension galoisienne variant dans de petits domaines. ABSTRACT. In this paper we study finite valued multiplicative functions defined on ideals of a number field and whose values on the prime ideals depend only on the Frobenius class of the primes in some Galois extension. In particular we give asymptotic results when the ideals are restricted to "small regions" . Special cases concern Ramanujan’s tau function in small intervals and relative norms in "small regions" of elements from a full module of the Galois extension.
Coordinating Contracts for Two-Echelon Supply Chain with Price and Promotional Sensitive Demand

In this paper three coordinating contracts in supply chain namely (i) revenue-sharing contract (ii) cost-sharing contract (iii) profit-sharing contract are proposed for two echelon supply chain coordination perspective under promotion and price sensitive demand. In our model buyer makes the promotional decision and undertakes the promotional sales effort cost. It is shown that in decentralized channel the results are sub-optimal. It is found analytically that the revenue-sharing contract coordinates pricing decision but not promotional decision for all values of the promotional effort cost. It is also found that the cost-sharing contract fails to coordinate channel. The profit-sharing contract is demonstrated to coordinate both the pricing and the promotional decisions in the channel.
Institutions of Coordination in Mixed Market Economies: The Gatekeeper Role of the State in Labour Relations

According to the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) approach, the gatekeeper role of the state is a key feature in the Mixed Market Economies (MMEs) coordination channel. Relying upon the ICTWSS dataset, the article investigates how this role was concretely deployed in the labour relations dimension. Special consideration is given to ground how this role took place before the path towards the EMU was set as well as to sketch out the dynamics of change that followed afterwards. A close inspection of the coordination channel allows, indeed, completing the picture about the juxtaposition between Mixed and Coordinated Market Economies that the distributive costs stemming from the Euro-crisis has made extremely salient.
Nutritional value of raw and extruded chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) for growing chickens

The effects of the inclusion of different concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg -1 ) of raw and extruded chickpeas on performance, digestive organ sizes, and protein and fat digestibilities were studied in one experiment with growing broiler chickens (0 to 21 days of age). Data were analyzed as a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with three levels of chickpea with or without extrusion. A corn-soybean based diet was used as a positive control. Increasing chickpea content in the diet did not affect weight gain, feed consumption and feed to gain ratio. Relative pancreas and liver weights, and relative lengths of duodenum, jejunum and ceca were significantly (P<0.05) increased in response to increasing chickpea concentration in the diet. The inclusion of graded concentrations of chickpea increased (P<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and apparent excreta digestibility (AED) of crude fat (CF) only in the case of the intermediate level of chickpea used (200 g kg-1). Extrusion improved weight gain and lowered relative pancreas weight (P< 0.05) respect to birds fed raw chickpea-based diets. AID of CP and AED of CF were improved (P<0.001) by extrusion. We concluded that the inclusion of up to 300 g kg -1 chickpea in chicken diets did not affect performance, and caused a negative effect on the relative
Assessing Users’ Satisfaction with Tanzanians’ Public Health Supply Chain Electronic Logistic Management Information System

The Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elders and Children through Medical Store Department has been implementing electronic Logistic Management Information System (eLMIS) in order to streamline the flow of health commodities in the country. Approximately, there are more than 500 registered district pharmacists who use the system on daily basis. While the acceptance of the system is positive, long-term success depends on its continued use which is determined by users’ satisfaction with the system. This study examined factors affecting users’ satisfaction with eLMIS through developing a research model from the literature and adopting sequential explanatory mixed research design. A sample of 112 users out of 150 was collected from 4 regions and tested against the research model using regression analysis to identify factors that contribute toward users’ satisfaction. Finally, an interview was conducted to 10 users to find more information about these factors. The study found that four of the factors: information quality (β=0.28), system quality (β=-0.21), perceived usefulness (β=0.22, and facilitation conditions (β=0.26) had a significant effect on users’ satisfaction with the eLMIS. However, system support did not have a significant effect. Through interviews, many users indicated that they need more training on the system and proposed new features that need to be added. Moreover, Internet access remained to be the main hindrance factor to the use of eLMIS. The strategies on how to enhance users’ satisfaction of the system and consequently increase systems’ success have been presented and discussed.
Potentially harmful elements in lebanese fattoush salad

The estimation of potentially harmful element availability in Fattoush ingredients cultivated in Lebanon is essential for evaluating impending risks for human and ecosystem health. In this study and for the first time, the selected plant species were the ingredients of the traditional Lebanese salad, Fattoush, composed of lettuce, cucumber, tomato, onion, purslane, radish, lemon and sumac in order to fulfill all the requirements for the assessment of the contamination levels in vegetables from soils with potentially harmful elements. The major physicochemical properties of topsoil including pH, organic matter content and texture showed that studied soils were almost neutral pH of 7.0, very poor in organic matter (organic matter percent ˂0.05 %) and sandy respectively(based on soil texture triangle). Concentration ranges of As, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, V, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, P, Sn and Al in soils and edible parts of plants collected from urban allotments in the South, Damour, Ghazir and Akkar areas were determined and assessed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy following microwave assisted digestion by HNO3/H2O2. Also, weak acetic acid digestion and aqua regia digestion were similarly measured following microwave assisted digestion. Transfer factors from sandy soils to vegetables because of their health risk were calculated accordingly. Results showed that concentrations of most of studied elements in soil and plant samples were recorded above the permissible limits set by World Health Organization especially in purslane, lemon and sumac. For this reason, amounts of accumulated Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni and V in the studied plant – soil systems (mg/kg) were separately shown. Furthermore, the sumac, purslane, lemon and lettuce plants were found to be “heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants”. Finally, soil to plant transfer is the major path way of human exposure to PHEs contamination and safety measurements should be strictly applied.
SOURCES, GROUND MOTION AND STRUCTURAL RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS IN WELLINGTON OF THE 2013 COOK STRAIT EARTHQUAKES

SUMMARY The Cook Strait earthquake sequence occurred in a region of known high seismicity. However, this was the strongest shaking felt in decades for the Wellington region and the top of the South Island. The location and size of the earthquake meant that the ground shaking was of rather short duration and moderate intensity, except for the epicentral region of the Lake Grassmere earthquake where a PGA of 0.7g was recorded, and for part of the Wellington foreshore where up to 0.2g was recorded in both earthquakes. The level of shaking in terms of response spectra was, in general, moderate except for very high “spiked” response at particular Wellington sites (WNKS and VUWS) at periods of 0.4-0.5 seconds. Amplification and polarization in the NE-SW direction at approximately ~1 s period at many Wellington stations is likely due to basin resonance effects, whereas dominant polarization in the NW-SE direction at shorter periods is consistent with a directivity effect, and is particularly evident in the Lake Grassmere earthquake. The earthquakes were not only a real-life test on the level of preparedness for the population but also on the behaviour of recently-built structures in the Wellington region that had not yet experienced a moderate earthquake. The ability to measure, analyse and understand the intensity and characteristics of the ground shaking coupled with well-documented damage to the buildings and building array recordings will hopefully foster collaboration across earthquake engineering disciplines.
Beyond coloured balls ‒ making sense of large volumes of microseismic data with diverse source mechanisms

The central theme of this analysis is the study of seismic response of the rock mass before and after the occurrence of a moment magnitude 2.0 seismic event that occurred in December 2010 at the San Rafael Mine sublevel open stoping operation located in Peru. A microseismic data set acquired by the mine microseismic monitoring system is analysed using a range of methodologies, including passive source tomography imaging, focal mechanism inversion, as well as deterministic and probabilistic approaches. P- and S-wave velocity models, calculated for three time periods, using a passive source tomography algorithm developed by Advanced GeoScience Imaging Solutions (AGSIS), was applied to the data set to image the evolution of the rock mass. The models show variations in the seismic velocity before and after the event that may relate to the distribution and redistribution of stresses in the rock mass. Probable focal mechanisms, exploration of the spatial geometry of seismic event distributions (using singular value decomposition and clustering) as well as rapid separation of populations of events which are generated by different source mechanisms were also used to illuminate different aspects of the seismic response to mining at that time. We note that the separation of populations serves only to provide consistent and unique distributions to use in the assessment of hazard due to particular types of activity. The complete dataset (with the possible exception of blasts and ore pass noise) is required for modelling velocity structures and understanding stress transfer mechanisms in the rock mass.
An atomic hydrogen bridge fueling NGC 4418 with gas from VV 655

The galaxy NGC 4418 harbours a compact ($<20$ pc) core with a very high bolometric luminosity ($\sim10^{11}$L$_\odot$). As most of the galaxy's energy output comes from this small region, it is of interest to determine what fuels this intense activity. An interaction with VV 655 has been proposed, where gas aquired by NGC 4418 could trigger intense star formation and/or black hole accretion in the centre. We aim to constrain the interaction hypothesis by studying neutral hydrogen structures around the two galaxies. We present observations at 1.4 GHz with the Very Large Array of radio continuum as well as emission and absorption from atomic hydrogen. Gaussian distributions are fitted to observed HI emission and absorption spectra. An atomic HI bridge is seen in emission, connecting NGC 4418 to VV 655. While NGC 4418 is bright in continuum emission and seen in HI absorption, VV 655 is barely detected in the continuum but show bright HI emission (M$_\mathrm{HI}\sim10^9$ M$_\odot$). We estimate SFRs from 1.4 GHz of 3.2 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and 0.13 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ for NGC 4418 and VV 655 respectively. Systemic HI velocities of 2202$\pm$20 km s$^{-1}$ (emission) and 2105.4$\pm$10 km s$^{-1}$ (absorption) are measured for VV 655 and NGC 4418 respectively. Redshifted HI absorption is seen towards NGC 4418, suggesting gas infall. Blueshifted HI-emission is seen north-west of NGC 4418, which we interpret as a continuation of the outflow previously discussed by Sakamoto et al. (2013). The morphology and velocity structure seen in HI is consistent with an interaction scenario, where gas was transferred from VV 655 to NGC 4418, and may fuel the activity in the centre.
Estimation of Serum Neurokinin A Level in Correlation to Visual Evoked Potentials and Morphological Brain Changes in Malnourished Children: A Follow-Up Case-Control Study

Aim: To investigate the effects of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) on the developing brain and to show the association between these changes and neurokinin A (NKA) levels . Re-evaluation after treatment was done. Methods: A prospective case control study including 30 children with PEM plus 30 healthy age and sex matched controls was planned. Clinical examination along with laboratory measurement of albumin, iron, ferritin and NKA levels were done for all participants. Visual evoked potential (VEPs) and brain MRI were performed. Investigations were repeated after treatment and compared with previous data. Results: Significant reduction in serum NKA levels of malnourished children was reported. NKA levels were associated negatively with significant latencies in VEPs at P2-N2 in Oz and Cz but positively at P2-N2 amplitudes inO1, Oz and Cz within PEM group compared to controls. Malnourished children mostly showed grade 2 brain atrophy, with significant negative correlation between NKA levels and degree of brain atrophy. Nutritional rehabilitation was associated with increased NKA levels and significant improvement in both VEPs and brain atrophy. Conclusion: PEM during early infancy significantly affects the developing central nervous system (CNS) in the form of morphological brain atrophy and altered neurophysiological function. These PEM-induced brain changes seem to be reversible thus malnutrition should be detected and treated early to prevent permanent CNS damage. As well, we shed new lights on NKA deficiency within these patients that may play a potential role in the etiological basis for PEM-induced brain atrophy in addition to the resultant functional disorders. Further extended researches are required to validate this tachykinin as a new alarm in early screening for the development of brain harms in PEM children within poor districts. Also, this may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of such patients.
THREE MOVING GROUPS DETECTED IN THE LAMOST DR1 ARCHIVE

We analyze the kinematics of thick disk and halo stars observed by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. We have constructed a sample of 7993 F, G, and K nearby main-sequence stars (d < 2 kpc) with estimates of position (x, y, z) and space velocity (U, V, W) based on color and proper motion from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR9 catalog. Three “phase-space overdensities” are identified in (V, ) with significance levels of σ > 3. Two of them (the Hyades–Pleiades stream and the Arcturus–AF06 stream) have been identified previously. We also find evidence for a new stream (centered at V ∼ −180 km s−1) in the halo. The formation mechanisms of these three streams are analyzed. Our results support the hypothesis that the Arcturus–AF06 stream and the new stream originated from the debris of a disrupted satellite, while the Hyades–Pleiades stream has a dynamical origin.
NANOINDENTATION INDUCED THIN FILM FRACTURE By KEVIN R. MORASCH A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

by Kevin R. Morasch, M.S. Washington State University May 2005 Chair: David F. Bahr Nanoindentation was utilized to induce fracture of brittle thin oxide films on compliant substrates. During the indentation, a load is applied and the penetration depth is continuously measured. A sudden discontinuity, indicative of film fracture, was observed upon the loading portion of the load-depth curve. The mechanical properties of thermally grown oxide films on various substrates were calculated using two different numerical methods. The first method utilized a plate bending approach by modeling the thin film as an axisymmetric circular plate on a compliant foundation. The second method measured the applied energy for fracture. The crack extension force and applied stress intensity at fracture was then determined from the energy measurements. The plate bending approach estimated the applied radial stress for fracture. The 63 nm thick films were determined to have ultimate strengths between 4.8 and 8.9 GPa. The ultimate stress is a superposition of the bending and membrane stress. A stress intensity at fracture for each of the films was developed by approximating the resulting bending moment and various cracks sizes. At a constant ratio of crack size to oxide thickness of 0.3, the applied stress intensity at fracture of these aluminum oxide films were between 0.46 and 1.20 MPam. The residual stress in the films was assumed to be negligible in the stress intensity calculations.
ROUTINE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATE OF THE BLACK SEA TROUT(Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811)

Aim of this study is to determinate oxygen consumption rate of Black Sea trout, (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811) in the sea water (18‰ salinity) in tanks at farm condition. Two different fish size were used as small size and big size which average weights 54.1 ±3.06 (n=300) and 507.0 ±17.71 (n=32) g, average total lengths 17.7 ±0.36 and 35.5 ±0.44 cm respectively. Water temperature averaged 10.0 ±0.01°C during the experiment. The amount of dissolved oxygen was measured during 3 days inlet and outlet of each tank. Oxygen consumption rate was found to be in the range of 95.2-140.0 mgO2kg/h according to fish size. It was observed that O2 con-sumption increased in the daylight period.
A proactive recommendation system for writing in the internet age

With the use of computers, the task of writing is now even more intertwined with the task of searching for information, however very little research has been done to understand how the two tasks intertwine. In this paper we present an initial attempt to develop a model of writing and information seeking with computers and to develop helpful software that can improve the quality of the information searched and the written paper. Proactive Recommendation System (PRS) can relieve authors from explicit searching by means of automatically searching, retrieving, and recommending information relevant to the text currently being written. However it is also possible that there are some moments during writing in which presenting proactive information can be an interruption rather than an aid. In our research, we have used the PRS IntelliGentTM to investigate its impact in the different stages of writing. We found that when IntelliGentTM offers relevant information, the time to task completion is shorter, and the quality of the written product increases compared with the control situations in which writers have to look actively for information. We discuss these findings in the context of developing models and tools that integrate searching and writing processes when using computers in the writing environment.
Short‐term effects of management on the soil structure in a deep tilled hardened volcanic‐ash soil (cangahua) in Ecuador

In the Ecuadorian Cordillera, the hardened volcanic ashes (cangahuas) account for 15% of the cultivated area. The soil resulting from the fragmentation of these materials, generally by heavy machinery, shows an apparent stable millimetric structure. However, this new structure is highly susceptible to disintegration under rain, because it contains no organic matter and little clay, and the material itself is readily eroded in consequence.
CP Violation, Mixing and nonleptonic decays at BESIII

The BESIII detector at Beijing Electron-Positron Collider has collected the world's largest charm threshold data (2.93 fb$^{-1}$), which provide a good laboratory for quantum correlation measurement as well as testing QCD in charm meson decays. % This work focuses on the recent measurement of $CP$ asymmetry, mixing parameter, strong phase difference and branching fractions of $D^0\to K^-\pi^+\pi^+\pi^-$, $D^0\to K^0_SK^+K^-$, $D^{0,\pm}\to PP^{\prime}$ ($P=Pseudoscalar$), $D^{0,\pm}\to\omega\pi^{0,\pm}$, $D^+_S\to\eta^{\prime}\rho$ and $D^+_S\to\eta^{\prime}+anything$ at the BESIII experiment.
PRE AND POST PLASMID CURING EFFECT ON PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIBIOTICS

This study investigates the effect of plasmid curing on antibiotics susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. The study involved confirmed clinical samples of P. aeruginosa obtained from patients attending the general out-patient department of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua-Nigeria. Samples with established Pseudomonas aeruginosa were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing before plasmid curing (group 1) and after plasmid curing (group 2) using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate intercalating dye following previously determined standard procedures. Antibiotic resistivity and susceptibility outcomes were then determined by measuring the zone of inhibition and the pre and post cured experiments were compared. The results showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 100% resistance to tetracycline, cefotaxime, ethromycin, methronidazole, nitrofuratoin, ampicillin-clauvulanate, ampicillin, amoxicillin and ampiclox. Post-plasmid curing resulted to increased susceptibility rangeing from 13.3% to 92.0% as against 5.3% to 80% in the pre-plasmid cured P. aeruginosa. Based on these findings, clinical isolates P. aeruginosa in the study area has a very high resistance rate that may be due to plasmid development or mutation of the organism and thus, the call for clinicians to carryout antibiotics susceptibility testing prior to antibiotic prescription.
Molecular Physiology of the Ribbon Synapse

Hearing relies on Ca2+ influx-triggered exocytosis in cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). In this study, we examined the regulation of IHC Ca2+ channels by the CaV(beta)2 Ca2+ channel subunit and by the Calcium binding protein 4 (CaBP4). We managed to shed new light on the types of CaV(beta) subunits expressed in mouse IHCs, showing that CaV(beta)2 is important for Ca2+ channel function, regulating inactivation of the channel. In IHCs, it also regulates the number of Ca2+ channels, probably by enhancing trafficking of CaV(alpha)1D to the membrane, and thereby secretion and development. The developmental impairment in CaV(beta)2-/- IHCs was shown to include a defect in BK channel expression, where expression levels are lowered and clustering of the channels is abolished. We also have shown that CaBP4 has little or no role in IHCs, proposing that in fact CaBP1 is the major CaBP acting in IHCs.