Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Compared with Double Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendon Grafts

Background: The choice of graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a matter of debate, with patellar and hamstring tendons being the two most popular autologous graft options. The objective of this study was to determine in a prospective, randomized clinical trial whether two grafts (bone-patellar tendon-bone or doubled hamstring tendons) fixed with modern devices affect the two-year minimum clinical and radiographic outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with a chronic unilateral rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament underwent arthroscopically assisted reconstruction with use of either autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone or doubled hamstring tendon grafts, in a strictly alternating manner. Both groups were comparable with regard to demographic data, preoperative activity level, mechanism of injury, interval between the injury and the operation, and the amount of knee laxity present preoperatively. The same well-proven surgical technique and aggressive controlled rehabilitation was used. An independent observer, who was blinded with regard to the involved leg and the type of graft, performed the outcome assessment with use of a visual analog scale, the new International Knee Documentation Committee form, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the Functional Knee Score for Anterior Knee Pain, and an arthrometric and an isokinetic dynamometric evaluation. Radiographs were also made. Results: At the two-year follow-up evaluation, no differences were found in terms of the visual analog score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the new International Knee Documentation Committee subjective and objective evaluation scores, the KT-1000 side-to-side laxity measurements, the Functional Knee Score for Anterior Knee Pain, muscle strength recovery, or return to sports activities. In the bone-patellar tendon-bone group, we found a higher prevalence of postoperative kneeling discomfort (p < 0.01) and an increased area of decreased skin sensitivity (p < 0.001). In the hamstring tendon group, we recorded a higher prevalence of femoral tunnel widening (p < 0.01). In this group, a correlation was also found between medial meniscectomy and an increased prevalence of pivot-shift glide (p = 0.035). Conclusions: We believe that, with use of accurate and proven surgical and rehabilitation techniques, both grafts are an equivalent option for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level I-1b (randomized controlled trial [no significant difference but narrow confidence intervals]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
PHARMACOKINETICS OF ATRACURIUM IN ACUTE HEPATIC FAILURE (WITH ACUTE RENAL FAILURE)

The pharmacokinetic profile of atracurium was examined in six patients with acute hepatic and renal failure and compared with that in six normal patients after an i.v. bolus (mean dose 0.7 mg kg−1). The plasma concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and the data fitted to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The results from the two groups were not significantly different, giving a mean plasma elimination half-life of 22 min in patients with severe hepatic and renal failure and a mean of 21 min in the normal group.
Program Evaluation of a Sanitation Marketing Campaign Among the Bai in China

This social marketing campaign among the Bai ethnic minority group in Eryuan County, Yunnan, China, documents a community-based intervention to increase household toilet building and use in an effort to reduce cysticercosis. The formative research for the development of the social marketing campaign included the use of door-to-door surveys, a rural participatory assessment tool called the “ten-seed technique,” a baseline human neurocysticercosis study, and focus group discussions. Based on the formative research, a toilet-building campaign was implemented in two intervention villages. The results of this social marketing intervention are contrasted with the results of a traditional “outside-expert” approach conducted by a government agency in the two comparison villages. Although marginally fewer toilets were built in the intervention villages, a post-campaign consumer satisfaction survey revealed that satisfaction with and use of the toilets built using the social marketing approach were much greater. This study is the first to report the use of the social marketing of toilets in China and the first to report the use of the social marketing of household toilets as an intervention to reduce cysticercosis.
Evaluating 3D task performance for fish tank virtual worlds

tank virtual reality” refers to the use of a standard graphics workstation to achieve real-time display of 3D scenes using stereopsis and dynamic head-coupled perspective. Fish tank VR has a number of advantages over head-mounted immersion VR which makes it more practical for many applications. After discussing the characteristics of fish tank VR, we describe a set of three experiments conducted to study the benefits of fish tank VR over a traditional workstation graphics display. These experiments tested user performance under two conditions: (a) whether or not stereoscopic display was used and (b) whether or not the perspective display was coupled dynamically to the positions of a user’s eyes. Subjects using a comparison protocol consistently preferred head coupling without stereo over stereo without head coupling. Error rates in a tree-tracing task similar to one used by Sollenberger and Milgram showed an order of magnitude improvement for head-coupled stereo over a static (nonhead-coupled) display, and the benefits gained by head coupling were more significant than those gained from stereo alone. The final experiment examined two factors that are often associated with human performance in virtual worlds: the lag (or latency) in receiving and processing tracker data arid the rate at which frames are updated. For the tree-tracing task, lag had a larger impact on performance than did frame update rate, with lag having a multiplicative effect on response time. We discuss the relevance of these results for the display of complex 3D data and highlight areas requiring further study, Categories and Subject Descriptors:
Carers’ views on respite care for adults with mental disorders

Abstract Although respite care has the potential to reduce carer burden, few published studies have investigated respite care for mental health carers. The purpose of this primarily qualitative study was to examine informal mental health carers’ perceptions of respite care. Participants were 106 carers caring for an adult with mental illness recruited through carer support organizations. Carers provided written responses to open-ended questions covering four areas: barriers, positive and negative aspects, and improvements associated with respite care. A total of 36% had accessed respite care and 64% had never accessed respite care. The most frequently reported respite themes for both users and non-users in each of the four areas relevant to carers and care recipients were: barriers – care-recipient’s reluctance to use respite; carer positives – caregiving relief; care recipient positives – socializing and participation in activities; carer negatives – problematic characteristics of the service; care recipient negatives – lack of suitable activities; carer improvements – increased access and availability of services; care recipient improvements – greater support and understanding of mental health issues. Findings indicate that respite care services should be tailored to the demands of mental health caregiving providing flexibility in options across factors such as frequency, duration, location, transport access, support levels, staff training, activities and routines, graduated entry, type of respite (e.g., in-home, hospital, drop-in centre), and crisis/acute respite.
“I Just Let Him Have His Way”

This study explores the relationship between teenage pregnancy and male partner violence by examining the prevalence and effect of partner violence in a sample of new adolescent mothers. Data for this study are drawn from in-depth interviews with 35 new teenage mothers who had never been in, were currently involved in, or had recently exited from abusive partner relationships. The effect of partner violence on contraceptive use and pregnancy resolution are discussed as important variables in order to understand adolescent pregnancy. The role of social support is discussed as an important buffer for many of the adolescent mothers.
Voluntary HIV counseling and testing service utilization among pregnant mothers in North West Ethiopia in 2014.

Introduction: According to 2011 Ethiopian demographic health survey result, about 2.2% mothers were HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) positive in Amhara regional state. HIV testing during pregnancy is the gateway for PMTCT (Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission) of HIV though its coverage was 72.0% to 82.5% in North-West Ethiopia. Objective: To assess VHCT (Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing) service utilization and its determinants among pregnant mothers in North-West Ethiopia in 2014. Methods: A community based cross sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative research methods was conducted in Enemay woreda/district. Data was collected on systematically selected 386 pregnant mothers and 4 FGDs (Focus Group Discussion) on purposively selected pregnant mothers and their partners. A pre tested closed ended structured questionnaire and open ended questions were used to collect the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis of quantitative data. Result: Majority (81.6%) of participants were known transmission of HIV during pregnancy and about three quarter (76.2%) of them were tested for HIV in current pregnancy. In FGD, all participants were not agreed as HIV testing was important during pregnancy. The repeatedly cited reason for not up taking HIV testing during pregnancy was fear of stigma and discrimination if test result becomes positive. Pregnant mothers not knowledgeable about MTCT (Mother to Child Transmission) of HIV; have not intension for ARV Prophylaxisis, unable to bring their partner for test and mothers who believe VHCT was importance before marriage only were less likely utilizing VHCT service thus organizations working on VHCT should further enhance awareness creation by giving especial attention for these groups of pregnant mothers.
A concept inventory for molecular life sciences : how will it help your teaching practice?

Textbooks for biology are getting bigger and bigger with each edition, but does this mean that our students are learning more? Most of us would answer no to this question. In fact, the learning by our students is sometimes seen as disappointing, as the core concepts or the 'big ideas' of biology appear to be obscured by rote learning of detailed content. Educators have recognised that the information explosion in biology, particularly in the molecular life sciences, has created a significant problem in selecting what core concepts and principles we should be teaching our students (1). Another
Role of myofascial release therapy on pain and lumbar range of motion in mechanical back pain: An exploratory investigation of desk job workers

Background: Low back pain is the most common cause of work related disability in persons aged less than 45 years. Workers who sit in front of the computer for more than 40 hours per week end up with low back pain. Bad positioning of the body parts in a single day doesn’t make poor postures, whereas adaptation of the incorrect posture for a longer duration results in weak muscles and postural problems. Abnormal posture results in pain, disability and muscle weakness. Most of the management of low back pain focuses on the rehabilitation of the pain and very few studies focus on work station corrections. Aim: This study aims to find out the effect of work station modification with Myofascial release therapy on pain and lumbar flexion range of motion in mechanical low back pain in desk job workers. Methods: Forty subjects were included using simple random sampling method, subjects were chosen following an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A, underwent myofascial release therapy, whereas group B underwent myofascial release therapy technique with work station modification. The outcome measures were pain and range of motion of lumbar spine, which measured using visual analogue scale and modified schober’s method. Student ‘t’ test was used to find out the difference between the groups. Results: This study showed that there was a significant difference between the group A & group B. Conclusion: The study concludes that the work station modification along with myofascial release therapy was very effective in improving range of motion, and reducing pain.
Costs, quality and staffing in services for people with severe learning disabilities

Studies on the costs and benefits of different forms of residential service for people with severe learning disabilities are reviewed. These include ordinary housing, larger community services and traditional hospitals. The common expectation that there are diseconomies arising in small scale provision is not borne out in general. Rather, it is important to look closely at the interrelationship between staffing, costs and size, particularly at very small sizes. Research on service quality has shown better outcomes associated with ordinary housing compared to larger and more traditional provision; these outcomes include developmental growth, engagement in community and domestic daily living activities, social contact, quality of the environment, choice and variety of activity. The cost effectiveness advantage of ordinary housing services over traditional hospitals can be concluded. As housing services continue to decrease in size, staffing must be well planned in relation to the support needs of individual.
Information systems security design methods: implications for information systems development

The security of information systems is a serious issue because computer abuse is increasing. It is important, therefore, that systems analysts and designers develop expertise in methods for specifying information systems security. The characteristics found in three generations of general information system design methods provide a framework for comparing and understanding current security design methods. These methods include approaches that use checklists of controls, divide functional requirements into engineering partitions, and create abstract models of both the problem and the solution. Comparisons and contrasts reveal that advances in security methods lag behind advances in general systems development methods. This analysis also reveals that more general methods fail to consider security specifications rigorously.
Innovative Methods of Archiving, Presentation and Providing Access to Histological Sections

Summary The dynamic development of technical sciences and informatics makes now possible acquisition of microscopic images of histological sections, not only using digital cameras, but also through specialized devices called scanners. The digitalized images stored in a computer storage device are called virtual slides and, together with special software, are known as virtual microscopy. The virtual slides can be analyzed on a computer screen by panoramic viewing or using a detailed image examination at higher magnification. In many research and education institutions in both the U.S. and Europe, the virtual microscopy is used for teaching and training purposes. In the academic year of 2009/10, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, as one of the first in Poland, has created a virtual database for educational purposes. This database created by archiving the traditional images of histological slides in the form of digital images. So far, more than 130 virtual slides have been acquired and catalogued in 24 thematic folders, available for medical students participating in histology, embryology and cell biology courses. Telepathology is the second branch which uses virtual microscopy. Virtual microscope allows to discuss and resolve medical/diagnostic problems with the use of telecommunication systems and information technology. The existing internet platforms offer access to virtual microscopes and virtual slides. In June, 2011 the Center of Morphologic Images Archivization and Digital Database of Microscopic Pictures in the Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences has launched an online platform (www.caom.pl), aimed to provide the central database of scanned histological sections of physiological tissues, and pathological, rare and sporadic lesions, including tumor
Características clínicas laboratoriais de 104 casos de meningoencefalite criptocócica

With the purpose of describing the clinical and laboratory characteristics of cryptococcus meningoencephalitis, we reviewed the records of 104 patients admitted with this diagnosis at Couto Maia Hospital, reference for patients with infectious diseases in Salvador-BA Northeastern Brazil, from 1972 to 1996. The patients' age varied from 8 months to 79 years. Sixty-four (61.5%) patients were male. The duration of the disease varied from 2 to 150 days, average 27.7 days. The most common signs and symptoms were headache (92.7%), fever (84.4%) and neck stiffness (83.2%). The cell number in cerebrospinal fluid was greater than 4/mm > or = in 95.8% of the patients with lymphocyte predominance in 86.3% of the cases. The lethality rate was 42.7%.
InforMatrix for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The purpose of this review is to facilitate discussion on drug selection for the treatment of ADHD by using only clinically relevant selection criteria and providing an up-to-date overview. The InforMatrix method was used to select drugs to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The following selection criteria were applied: clinical efficacy, safety, tolerability, ease of use, applicability, and cost. The drugs approved for ADHD in the Netherlands were included in the analysis, namely: atomoxetine, immediate-release methylphenidate, and various formulations of slow-release methylphenidate (Concerta, Equasym and Medikinet). Most studies are of limited quality, duration, and size. In one study, Concerta was more effective than atomoxetine. Although no relevant differences were seen in other comparative studies, the clinical experience with atomoxetine is still limited and unexpected toxicity cannot be excluded; few studies have been published with Equasym and Medikinet. No major differences were seen in general tolerability between the drugs. The ease of use of immediate-release methylphenidate is less than for the other drugs. The acquisition cost of immediate-release methylphenidate is considerably lower than that of the slow-release formulations. Atomoxetine is the most expensive drug. The InforMatrix program is available in an interactive format. It enables the user to judge both the importance of the selection criteria and the properties of each therapeutic option per criterion on the basis of his or her own personal expertise and/or the present document.
A Serological Study of ‐D‐ Heterozygotes in the Same Family

A family in which the same ‐D‐ Rh complex occurs within different Rh genotypes is described. The amount of D antigen detected varied in different combinations and some variation was observed between individuals of the same type in the case of ede/‐D‐. Some effect on the amount of E and e antigens, estimated by dosage titrations, was detected. It was also concluded that ‐D‐ heterozygotes may well be more common in populations of European origin than the results of random tests would suggest.
Inhibin in pregnancy

The paper by Muttukrishna et al. (1995) demonstrates by the use of a specific assay for inhibin A that the levels are considerably higher in pregnancy than during the menstrual cycle and, in particular, that a very marked elevation occurs in the third trimester. This pattern is not novel as several studies have demonstrated similar conclusions using an assay that detects free inhibin a-subunits as well as dimeric inhibin A (Yohkaichiya et al., 1991). The investigators emphasize the need to understand the specificity of the inhibin assay used in the interpretation of the results and demonstrate a relatively simple but effective way of determining the species of inhibin measured. While the levels of inhibin A measured by the two-site ELISA are considerably lower than the ‘Monash’ assay, the levels of inhibin A in the second trimester are essentially undetectable. It is presumed that the inhibin levels detected during the second trimester by the Monash assay, which shows a plateau in this phase of pregnancy, represent free a-subunit or inhibin B. Further studies are clearly necessary to resolve this issue. There is considerable evidence to indicate that the circulating inhibin levels in the first trimester arise from both the corpus luteum and the early embryo since studies in ovariectomized women achieving pregnancies through ovum donation show lower levels in the first trimester than in normal women (Yohkaichiya et nl., 1991). Furthermore, the very elevated levels found in the first eight weeks of pregnancies arising from ovarian stimulation and in-vitro fertilization strongly suggest that the increased levels measured by the Monash assay in these patients represent corpus luteum secretion (Yohkaichiya et al., 1993). Studies in a small number of pregnant patients without ovaries also indicates that the third trimester increase in inhibin is likely to arise from the placenta where inhibin, activin and follistatin have all been demonstrated (McLachlan et al., 1986; Petraglia et al., 1987; de Kretser et a/., 1994). The placental source of follistatin, activin and inhibin also makes it hazardous to interpret bioassay measurements of inhibin in pregnancy (Qu et a[., 1991) since follistatin synergizes and activin antagonizes the effects of inhibin in those bioassay systems. There is much to be learned about the physiology of inhibin and related proteins during normal and abnormal pregnancy but the application of specific assays greatly aids interpretation. In the absence of specific assays, chromatographic separation of the proteins in these tissue fluids is necessary to establish the nature of the inhibin proteins present in these physiological states.
Isolation of Malassezia pachydermatis and M. sympodialis from the external ear canal of cats with and without otitis externa.

The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canal of cats with and without otitis. Forty-five animals were studied, 20 with and 25 without otitis externa (OE). Cerumen or secretion from external ear canal samples was cultured on modified Mycosel agar and sterile olive oil was added to the surface of the medium before specimen seeding. The isolates were analysed for macro- and micromorphology and identified by catalase tests and on the basis of growth on Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80. Malassezia spp. were isolated from 15 out of 20 (75%) animals with otitis and from 7 out of 25 (28%) cats without OE; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < or = 0.05). Malassezia pachydermatis and M. sympodialis were isolated from 60% (12/20) and 40% (8/20) of cats with otitis, respectively, with no significant difference in the frequency of isolation between the two species. In the microflora of the healthy ear canal M. pachydermatis was significantly more common (6/25, 24%) than M sympodialis (1/25, 4%). The present investigation confirms that M. sympodialis can also act as an aetiological agent of feline OE, and if commercial veterinary laboratories do not use media with added lipids for the isolation of Malassezia spp. , this might lead to false-negative results.