Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF X-RAY AND FAR-ULTRAVIOLET DISK-DISPERSING RADIATION FIELDS

We present new X-ray and far-ultraviolet (FUV) observations of T Tauri stars covering the age range 1–10 Myr. Our goals are to observationally constrain the intensity of radiation fields responsible for evaporating gas from the circumstellar disk and to assess the feasibility of current photoevaporation models, focusing on X-ray and UV radiation. We greatly increase the number of 7–10 Myr old T Tauri stars observed in X-rays by including observations of the well-populated 25 Ori aggregate in the Orion OB1a subassociation. With these new 7–10 Myr objects, we confirm that X-ray emission remains constant from 1 to 10 Myr. We also show, for the first time, observational evidence for the evolution of FUV radiation fields with a sample of 56 accreting and non-accreting young stars spanning 1 Myr to 1 Gyr. We find that the FUV emission decreases on timescales consistent with the decline of accretion in classical T Tauri stars until reaching the chromospheric level in weak T Tauri stars and debris disks. Overall, we find that the observed strength of high-energy radiation is consistent with that required by photoevaporation models to dissipate the disks in timescales of approximately 10 Myr. Finally, we find that the high-energy fields that affect gas evolution are not similarly affecting dust evolution; in particular, we find that disks with inner clearings, transitional disks, have similar levels of FUV emission as full disks.
Investigating the informal mode of financing utilized for construction financing in Somalia: Some evidence

Intermediation is the main objective of any financial industry. While financing services are provided by formal financial institutions in the advanced world, financing services are provided differently in emerging economies. Hence, various alternative modes of financing are used in these countries. The motivation behind this study is to investigate the informal mode of financing employed for construction financing in Somalia. While utilizing time-value of money, this study found that financier-tenants do not consider time in their decision-making. Finally, this study argues that this informal mode of financing is more advantageous to landlords.
Food Security in the United States: A Futures Analysis via Systems Modeling

65 Specific Aims . 66 Research Approach . 67 Innovation . 67 Data Collection . 69 Model Construction . 70 Data Interpretation . 73 Appendix . 76 CHAPTER 5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 80 Conclusions and Research Opportunities . 83
Multiple personalities, related disorders and hypnosis.

Abstract The central mechanism in cases of multiple personalities appears to be spontaneous self-hypnosis. Furthermore, spontaneous self-hypnosis contributes to many cases of hysteria (Briquet's syndrome), borderline shizophrenia, reactive schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, sociopathy, and cases with many other diagnostic designations. In turn, cases of multiple personalities offer insights into the nature of hypnosis.
Evaluation of Cardioprotective Effect of Metformin in Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats

Cardiovascular disease is one of the common causes of death worldwide, thus, there is an increasing need for discovering and identifying various measures for cardioprotection. This study evaluated the hypothesized cardioprotective effect of metformin therapy, in isoproterenol induced myocardial injury in rats. Normoglycemic Wistar rats of either sex, were divided in 4 groups (n=8) each.Two test groups were administered two different doses of metformin (100 mg/kg/day and 225 mg/kg/day respectively) orally, for 7 days prior to myocardial injury. Carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 7 days) was administered to the positive control group. Evaluation parameters were 1. Pathological-(Histopathological grading andHeart coefficient) & 2. Biochemical (serum cardiac Troponin T and lactate dehydrogenase). The findings of our study are suggestive of cardioprotection, offered by prior short-term metformin therapy, against a subsequent myocardial insult, in normoglycemic experimental animals. This is a significant observationfor cardiovascular risk prevention in a clinical setting. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 60(4) : 392–402 *Corresponding author : Kiran A Bhave, Professor Addi t iona l , Depar tment o f Pharmacology, H.B. T. Medical College & Dr. R.N. Cooper Mun. Gen. Hospital, Juhu, Mumbai Email id: drkiranbhave@gmail.com (Received on April 12, 2015) Introduction Cardiovascular disease is now the most common cause of death worldwide, accounting for about 30% of the human deaths, including nearly 40% in highincome countries and about 28% in lowand middleIndian J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 60(4) Evaluation of Cardioprotective Effect of Metformin 393 using an appropriate translational animal model for the demonstration of cardioprotection, may have an advantage. This is because a precise evaluation is possible under the controlled experimental conditions, in a laboratory. It is possible to replicate the occurrence of myocardial injury in experimental animals, by the administrat ion of cardio-toxic compounds, like catecholamines in high doses (4). Hence, it is easier to predict the occurrence of a cardiac event like myocardial infarction in animal studies, and thus, to analyze the cardioprotective effect of the drug under evaluation. The purpose of this study, is to evaluate the hypothesized cardioprotective effect of metformin therapy, using an experimental model of isoproterenol (a sympathomimetic) induced myocardial injury. If the hypothesis is proved to be correct, it would identify cardioprotection with metformin therapy. This may be useful in identifying the possible newer indications of metformin, for the patients placed at a high risk for cardiovascular morbidity.
The effect of green packaging and green advertising on brand image and purchase decision of Teh Kotak product

The research aims to determine the direct and indirect effects of green packaging and green advertising on brand image and purchase decision of Teh Kotak product. This research is explanatory research using a sample of 100 Teh Kotak consumers in Surabaya. The analysis technique used was path analysis. The results show that green packaging and green advertising, directly and indirectly, affect brand image and purchase decision of Teh Kotak product in Surabaya, and brand image had an effect on purchase decision of Teh Kotak product. Keyword : green packaging, green advertising, brand image, purchase decision. 16th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2019) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 308
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his latest book by Elof Carlson is a first history of classical genetics, the era in which the chromosome theory of heredity was proposed and developed. Highly illustrated and based heavily on early 20th century original sources, the book traces the roots of genetics in breeding analysis and studies of cytology, evolution, and reproductive biology that began in Europe but were synthesized in the United States through new Ph.D. programs and expanded academic funding. Carlson argues that, influenced largely by new technologies and instrumentation, the life sciences progressed though incremental change rather than paradigm shifts
JNK-dependent Release of Mitochondrial Protein, Smac, during Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Cells*

Smac, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases, promotes apoptosis via activation of caspases. Previous studies have shown that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in regulating another mitochondrial protein, cytochrome c during apoptosis; however, the role of JNK in the release of mitochondrial Smac is unknown. Here we show that induction of apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells is associated with activation of JNK, translocation of JNK from cytosol to mitochondria, and release of Smac from mitochondria to cytosol. Blocking JNK either by dominant-negative mutant (DN-JNK) or cotreatment with a specific JNK inhibitor, SP600125, abrogates both stress-induced release of Smac and induction of apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that activation of JNK is an obligatory event for the release of Smac during stress-induced apoptosis in MM cells.
Income, relational goods and happiness

Our empirical analysis on the determinants of self-declared happiness on more than 100 000 individuals from representative samples in 82 world countries does not reject the hypothesis that the time spent for relationships has a significant and positive impact on happiness. This basic nexus helps to understand new unexplored paths in the so-called ‘happiness-income paradox’. To illustrate them we show that personal income has two main effects on happiness. The first is a positive effect which depends on individual's ranking within domestic income quintiles. The second is determined by the relationship between income and relational goods. In principle, more productive individuals may substitute (if the income effect prevails over the substitution effect) worked hours with the nonworking time made free for enjoying relationships, when they have strong preferences for them. The problem is that these individuals tend to have ties with their income class peers who share with them a high opportunity cost for the time spent for relationships. Hence, a coordination failure may reduce the joint investment in relational goods (local public goods which need to be co-produced in order to be enjoyed together) and, through this effect, individuals in the highest income quintiles may end up with poorer relational goods. The indirect impact of personal income on happiness through this channel is therefore expected to be negative.
A Meta-Methodology for Collaborative Networked Organisations

In the current global market, organizations worldwide often need to come together in order to bid for and execute projects whose requirements go beyond their individual competencies. Collaborative Networked Organisations (CNO) are known to offer an advantage in a competitive situation by capitalising on the overall pool of knowledge owned by the network participants. Business ecosystems, breeding environments and company networks can enable a prompt formation of CNOs e.g. by using reference models for design and operation. Unfortunately, such reference models are often rather generic and thus must be first specialised for the particular enterprise engineering task, which requires extensive user expertise in those reference models. The applied research described in this book has attempted to address this problem by studying the feasibility and the architectural design of a step-by-step meta-methodology. i.e., a method on how to create methods directly applicable to the design and operation of CNOs and their Breeding Environments based rather on the business context knowledge of the user. The research is spread over several case studies covering manufacturing and tertiary education.
Auditory startle reaction is disinhibited in idiopathic restless legs syndrome.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Because the auditory startle reaction is abnormal in disorders with substantia nigra pathology, we hypothesized that auditory startle responses (ASRs) might also be altered in restless legs syndrome (RLS). DESIGN Neurophysiologic study of the auditory startle reaction. SETTING Neurology departments of a university hospital and an affiliated local hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS Fifteen patients with idiopathic RLS (6 de novo, 9 untreated after a 7-day wash-out period of levodopa, mean duration of RLS [corrected] symptoms 21.2 +/- 17.9 years, mean IRLS [corrected] severity score 23.5 +/- 6.7) and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were investigated. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS ASRs were elicited by 8 high-intensity auditory stimuli differing randomly in tonal frequency and intensity. Reflex electromyographic activity was simultaneously recorded with surface electrodes from 8 facial, neck, arm, and leg muscles. In RLS patients, ASRs were significantly more frequent (541 of 960 possible responses; controls, 430 of 960), and ASR area under the curve was significantly larger (3812 +/- 450 microVms; controls, 1756 +/- 226 microVms). Analysis per body region revealed that ASRs were significantly more frequent in RLS patients than in controls in leg muscles (138/360 vs 55/360); ASR latencies to leg muscles were significantly shorter in RLS patients (129 +/- 6 ms vs 160 +/- 11 ms); ASR area under the curve was significantly larger in RLS patients in facial (7547 +/- 1326 mmicroVms vs 2982 +/- 448 microVms) and leg muscles (1373 +/- 308 microVms vs 541 +/- 193 microVms). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate disinhibition of reticulospinal pathways in RLS patients as compared to normal controls, likely originating from dysfunction rostral to the lower brainstem.
How to best promote my product? Comparing the effectiveness of sensory, functional and symbolic advertising content in food marketing

Purpose Advertising is one of the most important components of food marketing. However, there is uncertainty over the optimal means of convincing consumers to buy a product. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of advertising content comprising text (sensory, functional and symbolic messages) and pictures (product image) on food product evaluation. Design/methodology/approach Two online experiments investigating strawberry advertisements were performed. Study 1 incorporated only text, whereas study 2 investigated combinations of text and pictures. Analyses of variance were conducted to determine any significant differences among the three texts (sensory, functional and symbolic) and among the combinations of text and pictures. Findings Study 1 revealed no significant differences. All three texts were well received, which shows the relevance of all the product benefits – sensory, functional and symbolic – for food products. In contrast, study 2 identified significant differences. The data analysis indicated that advertising effectiveness increases with the complementarity of the text and picture. Notably, the combination of the product picture and symbolic text was scored the highest for effectiveness. Originality/value The findings provide new insights into advertising design that food firms can use to enhance consumer product evaluations in terms of expected taste, perceived experience and quality, overall attitude and purchase intention. Further, the results contribute to the research stream of food product benefits by highlighting the relevance of sensory, functional and symbolic design elements.
The Discussion on Influence of Website Usability Towards User Acceptability

From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0, the development of Internet technology makes the existing value of websites has revolutionary change. How to provide suitable service platform for human-machine interaction through websites is the subject of debate that many technology developers and users concern about nowadays. This study uses Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as the foundation, from the perspective of tourism companies and Internet users to analyze the relevant factors of website usability. And then, simple random sampling method would be used for questionnaire investigation, so as to discuss the difference of the application of website usability towards tourism e-commerce website service content and the influence towards users' acceptability. The theoretical framework of strategy and service that is applicable to the development of tourism e-commerce websites are generalized and analyzed, so as to derive out the key indicators of website usability. The result of this study finds out the users of tourism e- commerce websites think that "Navigation", "Functionality and User Control", "Architectural and Visual Clarity", "Language and Content", "Consistency", "System and User Feedback", "Online Help and User Guides", and "Website Obstacle" can promote "Behavioral Intention" of tourism e-commerce websites; it also thinks that "Error Prevention and Correction" will promote the "Use Behavior" of the tourism e-commerce websites. The result of this study can help the tourism companies to view the frameworks of current websites so as to provide more appropriate services for the users.
Orijinal Makale 1 Evaluation of Cardiovascular Parameters in Acromegalic Patients

Both direct action of GH/IGF-1 and secondary cardiovascular risk factors contribute to the development of alterations in cardiac anatomy and function. In the present study we investigated the cardiac involvement in 11 acromegalic patients echocardiographically and compared these measurements with 10 control patients. We also aimed to evaluate the parameters of cardiac structure and function alterations with the duration of disease, blood pressue, plasma GH and IGF-1 levels and HOMA index at the time of diagnosis. Eleven acromegalic patiens with high plasma level of IGF-1 and not suppressible GH level after 75 gr OGTT and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Insulin sensitivity (IS) was estimated by HOMA index. Cardiovascular parameters were studied with echocardiography using a 2,5-MHZ transducer. Except for aorta root all the structural dimensions of the heart were significantly higher in acromegalic patients than in controls. Left ventricule mass (LVM) index was found significantly higher in acromegalic patients than in controls (z: -1.960 p: 0.050). As a diastolic filling alteration, the rate of mitral early flow velocity (E) to mitral late flow velocity (A) (E/A) was significantly higher in acromegalic patients than in controls (z:-2.446 p: 0.014). No significant correlation was found between LVM index and duration of disease (p: 0.306), blood pressure (p: 0.966 for diastolic blood pressure and p: 0.897 for systolic blood pressure), plasma GH( p: 0.460) and IGF-1 (p: 0.613) levels and HOMA index (p: 0.071). A significant correlation between E/A and systolic blood pressure was observed (r: -0.802 p: 0.017). But no significant correlation was investigated between E/A and the other parameters (for duration of disease p: 0.196, for plasma GH level p: 0.183, for plasma IGF-1 level p: 0.585, for HOMA index p: 0.111). In order to decrease the mortality rate related to cardivascular events, secondary risk factors should be treated beside to normalization of plasma GH/IGF-1 levels. Turk Jem 2007; 11: 1-6
Executive functions predict conceptual learning of science.

We examined the relationship between executive functions and both factual and conceptual learning of science, specifically chemistry, in early adolescence. Sixty-three pupils in their second year of secondary school (aged 12-13 years) participated. Pupils completed tasks of working memory (Spatial Working Memory), inhibition (Stop-Signal), attention set-shifting (ID/ED), and planning (Stockings of Cambridge), from the CANTAB. They also participated in a chemistry teaching session, practical, and assessment on the topic of acids and alkalis designed specifically for this study. Executive function data were related to (1) the chemistry assessment which included aspects of factual and conceptual learning and (2) a recent school science exam. Correlational analyses between executive functions and both the chemistry assessment and science grades revealed that science achievements were significantly correlated with working memory. Linear regression analysis revealed that visuospatial working memory ability was predictive of chemistry performance. Interestingly, this relationship was observed solely in relation to the conceptual learning condition of the assessment highlighting the role of executive functions in understanding and applying knowledge about what is learned within science teaching.
Early pregnancy factor: An extracellular chaperonin 10 homologue

Early pregnancy factor (EPF) has been identified as a homologue of chaperonin 10 (cpn10) with immunosuppressive and growth factor properties. As a homologue of cpn10, it belongs to the heat shock family of proteins (hsp) but, unlike other members of this family, EPF is detected extracellularly. Early pregnancy factor was first discovered in pregnancy serum by the rosette inhibition test, and the novelty of its discovery was that its presence could diagnose pregnancy within 6–24 h of a fertile mating. As well as being a monitor of the presence of a viable embryo, it is necessary for embryonic survival. In this capacity it acts as both an immunosuppressant and growth factor. Early pregnancy factor is also a product of proliferating primary and neoplastic cells and functions as an autocrine growth factor both in vivo and in vitro. It has a modifying effect on the outcome of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Early pregnancy factor is considered to be one of the major factors involved in the modification of multiple sclerosis observed during pregnancy.
Interleukin-6 Enhances Production of Anti-OspC Immunoglobulin G2b Borreliacidal Antibody

ABSTRACT Protection against infection with Borrelia burgdorferiis dependent primarily on induction of complement-dependent antibody that can kill the spirochete. Measuring the production of sustained high levels of borreliacidal antibody is thus paramount for determining potential vaccine efficacy. We investigated the borreliacidal antibody response in sera and the amount of antibody produced by cultured lymph node cells of C3H/HeJ mice vaccinated with outer surface protein C (OspC). We showed that recombinant OspC was a weak stimulant of borreliacidal antibody production compared to whole cells of OspC-expressing B. burgdorferi. Mice vaccinated withB. burgdorferi in adjuvant produced a high level (titer, 5,120) of anti-OspC borreliacidal antibody, which waned rapidly. Similarly, borreliacidal antibody production by cultured lymph node cells from vaccinated mice peaked soon after vaccination and then decreased. Treatment of lymph node cells with interleukin-6 (IL-6) augmented borreliacidal antibody production, particularly immunoglobulin G2b, whereas treatment with anti-IL-6 inhibited the borreliacidal response. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for IL-6 in borreliacidal antibody production that may have important implications for vaccine development.
Radiotherapy with rituximab as first-line treatment for early-stage follicular lymphoma

We read with great interest the recently published paper by Janikova and colleagues showing that radiotherapy (RT) plus rituximab (R) may be better than RT alone as fi rst-line treatment for early-stage follicular lymphoma (FL) [1]. In this study, 93 patients with stage I – II FL were retrospectively analyzed: 65 patients received RT as fi rst-line treatment, 14 received R RT and 14 were treated with R alone. Th e complete response (CR) rate was 92%, 100% and 86%, respectively ( p not signifi cant); clinical characteristics were homogeneous in all diff erent groups. Th e median follow-up was 5 years for the RT arm, 2.8 years for RT R arm and 2.5 years for patients receiving R alone. Th ree-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 57.4%, 85.7% and 91.7% for the three treatment subgroups, respectively ( p 0.035); these superior results were confi rmed when the RT R and R arms were analyzed together versus RT alone ( p 0.011). Th e study suggests that R alone or in combination with RT could be a reasonable option as fi rst-line treatment for earlystage FL, improving PFS compared to RT alone [1].