Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paleomagnetism of Vendian rocks in the southwest of the Siberian Platform

[1] Presented in this paper are paleomagnetic data for the Vendian sedimentary rocks of the southwestern region of the Siberian Platform, obtained during the study of the reference rock sequences of the Central and Biryusa areas of the Sayan region and of the Yenisei mountain range in the lower reaches of the Angara River and its tributaries. This study proved the wide development of metachronous pre- and synfolding magnetization components which originated after the accumulation of the sedimentary rock sequences, yet, obviously not later than the Early Cambrian. All of the study rocks of the NemakitDaldynian age show two clearly distinguished paleomagnetic trends which seem to have formed during or soon after the accumulation of the rocks. Earlier, we got similar results for the Late Vendian rocks of the Southwest Baikal and East Sayan regions and also for the transitional Vendian-Lower Cambrian rock sequences of the Siberian Platform. This allowed us to infer the anomalous behavior of the geomagnetic field at the end of the Vendian to the beginning of the Lower Cambrian. The results obtained in the study reported here prove the actual basis of this hypothesis. During our study of the older Ediacarian and Ediacarian-Nemakit-Daldynian rocks, we managed to distinguish stable high-temperature magnetization components, obviously reflecting the trend of the geomagnetic field that existed during the accumulation of these rocks. The paleomagnetic poles corresponding to these components allowed us to reconstruct the late Vendian trend of the apparent migration of the pole and evaluate the character of the Siberian Platform movements during that time, which allowed us to chose the polarity for the Riphean paleomagnetic trends of Siberia. INDEX TERMS: 1520 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Magnetostratigraphy; 1525
Insider Trading and the Managerial Choice among Risky Projects

Abstract The concern of this paper is with the effects of insider trading on ex ante managerial behavior. Specifically, the paper focuses on how insider trading affects insiders' choice among investment projects. Other things equal, insider trading leads insiders to choose riskier investment projects, because increased volatility of results enables insiders to make greater trading profits if they learn these results in advance of the market. Thiseffect might be beneficial, however, because insiders' risk aversion pulls them toward aconservative investment policy. Insiders' choices of projects are identified and compared with insider trading and those without such trading. Using these results, the conditions under which insider trading increases or decreases corporate value by affecting the choice of projects with uncertain returns are identified.
Separation of coseismic and postseismic gravity changes for the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake from 4.6 yr of GRACE observations and modelling of the coseismic change by normal-modes summation

eodSpatiale (GRGS). For comparison, the Release-04 solutions of the Center for Space Research (CSR) are also inves- tigated after a spectral windowing or a Gaussian spatial smoothing. Results are shown both in terms of geoid height changes and gravity variations. Coseismic and postseismic gravitational changes estimated from the different gravity solutions are globally similar, although their spa- tial extent and amplitude depend on the type of filter used in the processing of GRACE fields. The highest signal-to-noise ratio is found with the GRGS solutions. The postseismic signature has a spectral content closer to the GRACE bandwidth than the coseismic signature and is therefore better detected by GRACE. The coseismic signature consists mainly of a strong gravity decrease east of the Sunda trench, in the Andaman Sea. A gravity increase is also detected at a smaller scale, west of the trench. The model for the coseismic gravity changes agrees well with the coseismic signature estimated from GRACE, regarding the overall shape and orientation, location with respect to the trench and order of magnitude. Coseismic gravity changes are followed by a postseismic relaxation that are well fitted by an increasing expo- nential function with a mean relaxation time of 0.7 yr. The total postseismic gravity change consists of a large-scale positive anomaly centred above the trench and extending over 15 ◦ of latitude along the subduction. After 26 months, the coseismic gravity decrease has been partly compensated by the postseismic relaxation, but a negative anomaly still remains south of Phuket. A dominant gravity increase extends over 15 ◦ of latitude west of the trench, being maximal south of the epicentre area. By investigating analyses of two global hydrology models and one ocean general circulation model, we show that our GRACE estimates of the coseismic and postseismic gravitational changes are almost not biased by interannual variations originat- ing from continental hydrology and ocean circulation in the subduction area and in the central part of the Andaman Sea, while they are biased by several μGal in the Malay Peninsula.
Developing A Model to Predict the Occurrence of the Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease for the Korean Elderly using the Random Forests Algorithm

This study aimed to develop a model for predicting the cardio-cerebrovascular disease of the South Korean elderly using the random forests technique. This study analyzed 2,111 respondents (879 males and 1,232 females), who were age 60 or older, out of total 7,761 respondents, who completed the Seoul Welfare Panel Study. The result variable was defined as the cardio-cerebrovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, cerebral infarction, hyperlipidemia, cardiac infarction, and angina). As a result of developing a random forest-based model, the major determinants of the cardio-cerebrovascular diseases of the South Korean elderly were mean monthly household income, the highest level of education, subjective health condition, subjective friendship, subjective family relationship, smoking, regular exercise, age, marital status, gender, depression experience, economic activity, and high-risk drinking. Among them, mean monthly household income was the most important predictor of the cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Based on the developed prediction model, it is needed to develop a systematic program for preventing the cardio-cerebrovascular disease of the Korean elderly.
Flux-calibrated stellar population models of Lick absorption-line indices with variable element abundance ratios

We present new stellar population models of Lick absorption-line indices with variable element abundance ratios. The models are based on our new calibrations of absorption-line indices with stellar parameters derived from the MILES stellar library. The key novelty compared to our previous models is that they are now available at the higher spectral resolution of MILES (2.5 A full width at half-maximum) and flux calibrated, hence not tied anymore to the Lick/IDS system. This is essential for the interpretation of galaxy spectra where calibration stars are not available, such as large galaxy redshift surveys or other high-redshift observations. We note that the MILES resolution appears to be comparable to Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) resolution, so that our models can be applied to SDSS data without any corrections for instrumental spectral resolution. For the first time we provide random errors for the model predictions based on the uncertainties in the calibration functions and the underlying stellar parameter estimates. We show that random errors are small except at the edges of the parameter space (high/low metallicities and young ages ≲1 Gyr) where the stellar library is undersampled. We calibrate the base model for the parameters age, metallicity and α/Fe ratio with galactic globular cluster and galaxy gradient data. We discuss two model flavours with different input stellar evolutionary tracks from the Frascati and Padova groups. The new model release now includes abundance variations of the elements C, N, Mg, Na, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr and Fe. The individual elements that are best accessible with these models and the standard set of Lick absorption features are C, N, Mg, Ca, Ti and Fe. The model data are available at http://www.icg. port.ac. uk/∼thomasd.
Correctional Outcome: An Evaluation of 100 Reports

This article presents selected results of a content analysis of 100 reports of empirical evaluations of correctional treatment. The reports, which are listed at the end of the article, were systematically selected primarily from those correctional outcome studies published between 1940 and 1960.1 Within these broad limits, actual selection of reports was guided by three principles: (1) the report must have been based upon empirical data; (2) the treatment evaluated must have been dependent upon the manipulation of some form of interpersonal relations as the independent variable, and (3) the behavior to be corrected must have had a negative value in the sense of being actually or potentially subject to legal sanctions. Five preliminary questions are explored: (1) What is the relative frequency of various types of correctional outcome reports in terms of research
Strong rocks sustain ancient postorogenic topography in southern Africa

The Cape Mountains of southern Africa exhibit an alpine-like topography in conjunction with some of the lowest denudation rates in the world. This presents an exception to the often-cited coupling of topography and denudation rates and suggests that steep slopes alone are not sufficient to incite the high denudation rates with which they are commonly associated. Within the Cape Mountains, slope angles are often in excess of 30 degrees and relief frequently exceeds 1 km, yet Be-10-based catchment-averaged denudation rates vary between 2.32 +/- 0.29 m/m.y. and 7.95 +/- 0.90 m/m.y. We attribute the maintenance of rugged topography and suppression of denudation rates primarily to the presence of physically robust and chemically inert quartzites that constitute the backbone of the mountains. Be-10-based bedrock denudation rates on the interfluves of the mountains vary between 1.98 +/- 0.23 m/m.y. and 4.61 +/- 0.53 m/m.y. The close agreement between the rates of catchment-averaged and interfluve denudation indicates topography in steady state. These low denudation rates, in conjunction with the suggestion of geomorphic stability, are in agreement with the low denudation rates (<20 m/m.y.) estimated for southern Africa during the late Cenozoic by means of cosmogenic nuclide, thermochronology, and offshore sedimentation analyses. Accumulatively, these data suggest that the coastal hinterland of the subcontinent may have experienced relative tectonic stability throughout the Cenozoic.
The Construction of Emotion in Interactions, Relationships, and Cultures

Emotions are engagements with a continuously changing world of social relationships. In the present article, we propose that emotions are therefore best conceived as ongoing, dynamic, and interactive processes that are socially constructed. We review evidence for three social contexts of emotion construction that are embedded in each other: The unfolding of emotion within interactions, the mutual constitution of emotion and relationships, and the shaping of emotion at the level of the larger cultural context. Finally, we point to interdependencies amongst these contexts of construction and discuss future directions of a constructionist perspective.
Recruitment, growth and mortality of juvenile corals at Eilat, northern Red Sea

Rates of recruitment, growth and survival during the early life stages of stony corals may strongly impact community structure on tropical reefs, yet sparse information is available on these processes. We assessed juvenile coral dynamics on coral reefs near Eilat, northern Red Sea. Rates of recruitment among stony-coral genera were similar at sites in close proximity (<200 m), but not at a more distant site (2 km), which differed in substratum type and reef morphology. We observed 42 to 173 juvenile coral colonies m -2 of reef substratum, a much higher abundance than previously reported from reefs in the Caribbean Sea, but potentially similar to abundance on other Indo-Pacific reefs that are known to have higher coral recruitment than Caribbean reefs. Growth rates of juvenile corals were similar among sites and genera, but varied significantly with season. Juvenile mortality varied significantly among reef sites in some coral genera, and was particularly high for individuals of Stylophora spp. , weedy corals that also had high rates of recruitment of juveniles, and thus rapid population turnover. Growth and mortality rates of corals at these sites were within values recorded for other reef locations worldwide. We conclude that on shallow reefs in the northern Red Sea, rela- tive abundances of juvenile coral genera depend mainly on variation in their recruitment patterns, and do not vary significantly with rates of juvenile growth or mortality.
IL-17 signaling in inflammatory cells , Kupffer cells and Hepatic Stellate cells exacerbates liver fibrosis

Background—IL-17 signaling has been implicated in lung and skin fibrosis. Here we examined the role of IL-17 signaling in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Methods—Using cholestatic and hepatotoxic models of liver injury, the development of liver fibrosis in wild type mice was compared to IL-17RA−/− mice, and to bone marrow chimeric mice devoid of IL-17 signaling in immune cells and Kupffer cells (IL-17RA−/−→wt and IL-17A−/− →wt mice), or in liver resident cells (Wt→ IL-17RA−/− mice). Results—We determined that IL-17A and its receptor is highly induced in liver injury and has a strong pro-fibrogenic effect on both inflammatory and liver resident cells. IL-17 signaling facilitates production of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α by inflammatory cells, and increases the expression of TGF-β1, the major pro-fibrogenic cytokine. IL-17 directly induces collagen Type I production in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) via activation of the Stat3 signaling pathway. Mice devoid of Stat3 signaling in HSCs (GFAPStat3−/− mice) are less susceptible to fibrosis. Furthermore, deletion of IL-23 in immune cells results in attenuation of liver fibrosis, while deletion of IL-22 exacerbates fibrosis. Administration of IL-22 and IL-17E (IL-25, a negative regulator of IL-23) protects mice from BDL-induced liver fibrosis. Conclusions—IL-17 induces liver fibrosis through multiple mechanisms and may serve as an attractive target for anti-fibrotic therapy. *Correspondence: tkisseleva@ucsd.edu, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0702, La Jolla, California, 92093, Tel: 1-858-822-5339. Conflict of interests: none to declare Author contribution: FM designed the study, acquired the data, wrote the manuscript; Y-H.P, T.A, S.I. G. , M.C. , K.I. , C.H. O. acquired the data; K.W. , S.I. G. and K.L provided support and critical revision of the manuscript, D.A. B. designed the study and provided critical revision of the manuscript, TK designed the study, wrote the manuscript. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Gastroenterology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 April 25. Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2012 September ; 143(3): 765–76.e1-3. doi:10.1053/j.gastro. 2012.05. 049. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript
Struggles for cooperation: conflict resolution strategies in multicultural groups

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of group composition in cultural values on conflict management styles in groups.Design/methodology/approach – A field study using data from 125 groups was conducted.Findings – The results show that in groups where members feel they are equal and connected (horizontal collectivism) cooperation is better, and contending and avoiding conflict management styles are used less. When people view themselves as unequal and independent (vertical individualism (VI)) the avoiding style of conflict management is more frequently used. Within‐group similarity (low variety) in VI leads to more cooperation and less avoidant conflict management strategies as well as less third party interventions. High group variety in views of being unequal, but interconnected (vertical collectivism), as well as in the views of being equal but independent (horizontal individualism), leads to more cooperative conflict resolution strategy.Practical implications – The results show t.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CITOARCHITECTURE AND NEUROCHEMICAL CONTENT OF AREA POSTREMA IN THREE SPECIES OF FISH: SALMO TRUTTA FARIO L., ACIPENSER BAERI BRANDT AND SCYLLIORHINUS CANICULA L.

Area postrema (AP) is a neurohemal organ located at the transition between rhombencephalon and spinal cord, whose structure and functions have been well studied in mammals but poorly known in fishes. In the present study we characterize the structure of AP in three species of fish, the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.), the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt) and the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). Comparing the results obtained by using immunohistochemical techniques, we identified similarities, but also differences between the cytochemical structures of the AP in these three species. The cytoarchitecture is basically similar, all having the same stratified organization. The differences appeared in the neurochemical content of the neurons in this zone. It seems like evolution kept the basic structure but modified the neurotransmitters used by the cells and the fibers system.
Changes in freshwater bacterial community composition during measurements of microbial and community respiration

The respiration rates of a pelagic community and of its microbial fraction (< 1.2 μm) were measured at two depths in the oxic layer of a meromictic alpine lake (Cadagno, Switzerland) using the oxygen technique. The duration of the incubations were 12, 24 and 55 h. Bacterioplankton abundance (DAPI counts) and composition (whole cell hybridization using 11 group-specific rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes) were measured during the incubations. Respiration generally increased with time, especially in the microbial fraction, or remained similar. This result was not always consistent with changes in bacterial abundance and cell volume. The composition of the community also changed during the incubations. The abundance of β-Proteobacteria increased during the course of all the experiments. These results extend the previous conclusions drawn in marine environments to fresh waters and demonstrate that, in addition to changes in bacterial abundance, cell volume and biomass, changes in the taxonomic composition of the bacterial community can occur during discrete incubations of freshwater planktonic communities.
Confidence assessment in the teaching of basic science

Automated assessment suffers from two problems that are considered here. Firstly, it seldom makes use of information about how confident a student is in the answer given, which is part of what we take into account in assessing students person-to-person. Secondly, it often involves the construction of complex questions to ensure that students cannot get good marks by a combination of partial knowledge and guesswork. Such questions can be ambiguous and open to different levels of interpretation, so the creation of satisfactory tests is time-consuming. DOI: 10.1080/0968776950030113
Usability Study of the Open Audit Voting System Helios

The field of electronic voting has ventured into the area of elections that are publically auditable. A handful of open audit elections systems exist but very few of them have been critically looked at from the end user’s point of view. In our paper, we present a usability study of the web based open audit voting system Helios. By creating a mock student government election and observing the target voter’s behaviour, we have uncovered various usability issues and opinions regarding electronic voting. While the feedback was generally favourable for electronic voting, more than half of our participants would not have completed their vote. We explore the reasons behind these findings and provide a set of recommendations for the future of open audit voting systems.
The effect of space in plant–animal mutualistic networks: insights from a simulation study

The topology of plant-animal mutualistic networks has the potential to determine the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of interacting species. Many mechanisms have been proposed as explanations of observed network patterns; however, the fact that plant-animal interactions are inherently spatial has so far been ignored. Using a simulation model of frugivorous birds foraging in spatially explicit landscapes we evaluated how plant distribution and the scale of bird movement decisions influenced species interaction probabilities and the resulting network properties. Spatial aggregation and limited animal mobility restricted encounter probabilities, so that the distribution of animal visits per plant deviated strongly from the binomial distribution expected for a well-mixed system. Lack of mixing in turn resulted in a strong decrease in network connectance, a weak decrease in nestedness, stronger interactions, greater strength asymmetry and the unexpected presence/absence of some interactions. Our results suggest that spatial processes may contribute substantially to structure plant-animal mutualistic networks.
Low luminosity Type II supernovae - II. Pointing towards moderate mass precursors

We present new data for five underluminous Type II-plateau supernovae (SNe IIP), namely SN 1999gn, SN 2002gd, SN 2003Z, SN 2004eg and SN 2006ov. This new sample of low-luminosity SNe IIP (LL SNe II .
Banks’ Liquidity Buffers and the Role of Liquidity Regulation

We assess the determinants of banks’ liquidity holdings using data for nearly 7000 banks from 25 OECD countries. We highlight the role of several bank-specific, institutional and policy variables in shaping banks’ liquidity risk management. Our main question is whether liquidity regulation neutralizes banks’ incentives to hold liquid assets. Without liquidity regulation, the determinants of banks’ liquidity buffers are a combination of bank-specific and country-specific variables. While most incentives are neutralized by liquidity regulation, a bank’s disclosure requirements remain important. The complementarity of disclosure and liquidity requirements provides a strong rationale for considering them jointly in the design of regulation.
The Relationship Between Insurance Coverage and Cancer Care: A Literature Synthesis

This paper summarizes key literature on the relationship between health care insurance status and screening, diagnosis, and medical care patterns and outcomes for individuals with cancer. All studies included for this literature synthesis were identified using the National Library of Medicine’s Medline database; only English language articles published in the past 10 years were considered. Based on article titles and abstracts, we selected the most relevant studies for full review and inclusion in this manuscript. Although the summarized literature is mixed, individuals who are uninsured or have insurance coverage through programs for low-income persons (e.g., Medicaid coverage) are significantly less likely to use cancer screening services and significantly more likely to present with advanced stage cancer at diagnosis and to have significantly worse survival. The relationship between insurance status and cancer treatment patterns is less clear, as fewer studies have examined this relationship, but the available evidence suggests that uninsured patients are less likely to receive optimal cancer care. The research reviewed here suggests that the benefits of extending appropriate insurance coverage to uninsured and underinsured individuals could be substantial. These benefits are likely to include reduced morbidity, improved quality of life, and increased survival for cancer patients as well as a positive impact on overall health care and societal costs.