Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide flux measurement in the central area of Tokyo

From November 2012 to October 2013, we measured the eddy covariance flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the middle of Tokyo, Japan. The study area is characterized to low-vegetated mid-rise residence with some arterial roads. The study area was net source of CO2 whose annual total was +4300 gC m -2 yr -1 . The resulting diurnal CO2 flux has one peak in the morning and one in late evening. This diurnal amplitude is larger in winter and also larger on weekday. The significant difference in the morning flux between weekday and holiday should be attributed to the anthropogenic emission.
Pre , co and post-seismic motion for Altay region by GPS and gravity observations

We used GPS method to investigate the preseismic, coseismic and postseismic deformation due to the 27 September 2003, Mw = 7.3 Chuya (Altay) earthquake, which occurred south of Russian Altay mountains in southern Siberia near the Russia-Mongolia-China border. On the basis of GPS data measured during the campaigns of observation covering the period 2000-2007, we determined the magnitude and space distribution of 3D displacement fields for different epochs. Geodynamical GPS network consists of 23 sites and extends over structural elements of Russian Altay and surroundings territory (from 49.5°N to 54.8°N, from 81.2°E to 91.4°E). GPS data have been analyzed by GAMIT-GLOBK. Evidence was available of the existence of preseismic (2000-2003 years), coseismic (2003-2004 years) and postseismic (20042007 years) processes in this region. We used absolute gravity observation to check vertical motion at base points. Map of preseismic contemporary rates showed values from 0.5 to 10 mm/y and features in 3D velocity field. Russian Altay preseismic motion is connected with present-day displacement in West China and Mongolia. By analysis of the GPS data for 20032004 we got the map of coseismic displacements, reflecting the right-lateral strike-slip process in epicentral zone (130N140N orientation for rupture line). Coseismic horizontal displacements depend on distance between rupture line and GPS benchmarks position, for example, we obtained values from 350 mm at 15 km to 25 mm at 90 km. Vertical motion was smaller (10 ÷ 40 mm). GPS data for 6 benchmarks in epicenter zone show correlation with 2-D model with parameters for jump on rupture line – 2 m, for maximal depth – 15 km, for shear strain 4 MPa. 3D modeling of coseismic process allowed us to understand displacement field for vertical motion at the end of earthquake rupture (10  40 mm jump). Coseismic deformation on 10 level extended over the epicentral zone (100 km). Postseismic displacement field (2004-2007 years) showed the right-lateral motion in epicenter zone (3 ÷ 7 mm/y). Postseismic data allowed to develop a postseismic model for Chuya earthquake and to determine lower crust parameters (viscosity 10 Pas). Analyses of 2000-2007 data allowed us to separate ongoing seismic motion from tectonic motion for West part of Russian Altay (2 mm/y to NW).
High-rate laser processing of metals using high-average power ultrashort pulse lasers

High-rate laser processing of technical grade stainless steel by using high-PRF ultrashort pulse lasers is studied in order to gain deeper insight into material removal for micro fabrication. For this, high-average power picosecond and femtosecond lasers are utilized, providing pulses of tens of MHz repetition rate and output powers of 76 W and 32 W, respectively. For (ultra)fast raster scanning of the laser beam, the laser systems are synchronized with a high-precision galvanometer scanner or rather an in-house developed polygon scan system. The influence of the processing parameters (laser power, pulse energy, pulse repetition rate, pulse duration, and fluence) on the ablation rate, removal efficiency, and throughput are studied. In picosecond laser irradiation of stainless steel, for example, the maximum material removal rate is 5.4 mm3/min, obtained with 76 W average laser power. This is lower than the removal rate of 6.8 mm3/min by using the femtosecond laser beam and 32 W average output power. The varying removal rate is the result of the different removal efficiency of picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses, which was determined in the experimental study of 0.071 mm3/ W/min and 0.22 mm3/ W/min, respectively, by using identical processing prameters except the pulse duration. Finally, the machining quality of laser processed micro cavities are evaluated by means of surface roughness measurements and SEM micrograph analysis. As a result, the mid-fluence range between 0.4 J/cm2 and 1.5 J/cm2 is identified for ultrashort pulses as most suitable processing regime for micro fabrication with regard to removal efficiency, throughput, and machining quaility.
The Good , The Bad , and The Not So Ugly : Unanimity Voting with Ambiguous Information ∗

Seeking unanimous consensus in collective decision-making situations creates the tendency for individuals within a group to vote strategically against their private information especially as the size of the group gets larger. In jury trials, this leads to the paradox that the more demanding the hurdle for conviction is, the more likely it is that a jury will convict an innocent defendant. We challenge these established results, by exploring voting behaviour when collective decision-making occurs based on information, the reliability of which is ambiguous. With ambiguityaverse voters, who are MaxMin Expected Utility Maximizers, we demonstrate that unanimity voting is compatible with instances of informative voting, outperforming other voting rules, such as majority voting.
Earnings Risk and Tax Policy

I estimate a life-cycle labor supply model to quantify individuals’ exposure to permanent earnings risk. I find that permanent earnings risk in the US has been on the rise since the early 2000s and has taken a marked hike during the financial crisis of 2008. In contrast, the insurance effect of the progressive tax and transfer system, which mitigates this risk, has remained flat. I estimate the progressivity of the tax and transfer system using a power function approximation. This progressivity parameter is sufficient to identify the insurance effect of the tax and transfer system. Further, when progressivity is shut down, the model features only 5% less insurance. Earnings risk could have been reduced to pre-crisis levels by increasing progressivity substantially, lowering the progressivity parameter from the observed level of 0.93 to 0.78. I thank Richard Blundell, Patrick Burauel, Giacomo Corneo, Giulio Fella, Michael Graber, Robin Jessen, Maria Metzing, Carsten Schröder and Alexandros Theloudis for valuable discussions and comments. The usual disclaimer applies. Department of Economics, Freie Universität Berlin and DIW Berlin/SOEP, Boltzmannstr. 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany (e-mail: j.koenig@fu-berlin.de).
Multi-object auction design : revenue maximization with no wastage ∗

A seller is selling multiple objects to a set of agents. Each agent can buy at most one object and his utility over consumption bundles (i.e., (object,transfer) pairs) need not be quasilinear. The seller considers the following desiderata for her mechanism, which she terms desirable: (a) dominant strategy incentive compatibility, (b) ex-post individual rationality, (c) equal treatment of equals, (d) no wastage (every object is allocated to some agent). The minimum Walrasian equilibrium price (MWEP) mechanism is desirable. We show that the MWEP mechanism generates more revenue for the seller than any other desirable mechanism satisfying no subsidy at every profile of preferences, i.e., irrespective of the prior of the seller, the MWEP mechanism is revenue-optimal. Our result works for quasilinear type space and for various non-quasilinear type spaces which incorporates positive income effect of agents. We can relax no subsidy in our result for certain type spaces with positive income effect. ∗We are grateful to Brian Baisa, Albin Erlanson, Ryan Tierney for useful comments and discussions. The authors thank participants at the Advances in Mechanism Design conference at NYU Abu Dhabi, and seminar participants at Hitotsubashi University and Indian Statistical Institute for their comments.
Zoogeography of Cetaceans off Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

A BSTRACT . —A zoogeographical analysis of cetaceans in the waters of Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, and British Virgin Islands was conducted to document the different species found, and to relate their occurrences to patterns of ocean floor topography. A total of 2,016 sighting records was entered into a specially formatted database system, and analyzed for distributional and temporal patterns. Species included 13 odontocetes and four mysticetes. The hypothesis that the spatial distribution of cetaceans is highly correlated to the area’s bathymetric relief, whether high or low, was generally supported. Through the use of a relative slope index measure, each sighting was characterized by depth classes (shelf, shelf edge, or offshore), and by sea floor relief.
1 Adjusting cattle body weight to physiological and feeding conditions

The result of weighting cattle does not represent the true weight of its body. Approximately 10–20% of the body weight of cattle as measured by a scale is the gastrointestinal tract content. This proportion can vary depending on whether the animal is fed or fasting. The ratio between the scale's weight and the true body weight of an animal can also vary as a function of age. In females, these ratios also vary because of the physiological stage (non-pregnant, lactation, and pregnant). To measure growth and performance or to estimate nutrient requirements of beef cattle, the true weight of their constituents must be known exactly. This chapter describes mathematical models developed from experiments carried out to estimate, with the maximum possible accuracy, the body weight of a cattle as a function of its feeding state and physiological conditions.
On the Field Estimation of Moisture Content Using Electrical Geophysics: The Impact of Petrophysical Model Uncertainty

The spatiotemporal distribution of pore water in the vadose zone can have a critical control on many processes in the near‐surface Earth, such as the onset of landslides, crop yield, groundwater recharge, and runoff generation. Electrical geophysics has been widely used to monitor the moisture content (θ) distribution in the vadose zone at field sites, and often resistivity (ρ) or conductivity (σ) is converted to moisture contents through petrophysical relationships (e.g., Archie's law). Though both the petrophysical relationships (i.e., choices of appropriate model and parameterization) and the derived moisture content are known to be subject to uncertainty, they are commonly treated as exact and error‐free. This study examines the impact of uncertain petrophysical relationships on the moisture content estimates derived from electrical geophysics. We show from a collection of data from multiple core samples that significant variability in the θ(ρ) relationship can exist. Using rules of error propagation, we demonstrate the combined effect of inversion and uncertain petrophysical parameterization on moisture content estimates and derive their uncertainty bounds. Through investigation of a water injection experiment, we observe that the petrophysical uncertainty yields a large range of estimated total moisture volume within the water plume. The estimates of changes in water volume, however, generally agree within (large) uncertainty bounds. Our results caution against solely relying on electrical geophysics to estimate moisture content in the field. The uncertainty propagation approach is transferrable to other field studies of moisture content estimation.
Reduced Rates and Multiple Sprays of Paclobutrazol Control Growth and Improve Fruit Quality of ‘ Delicious ’ Apples

J. Ame Abstract. ‘Gardiner Delicious’/MM.lO6 apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees were initially sprayed in 1985 with paclobutrazol (PB) at 250 mg.liter at tight cluster and again on 10 and 25 June and 29 July. From 1986 through 1988, PB sprays of 85 or 100 mg·liter were applied at either petal fall (PF) + 2 or PF + 4 weeks and one to two additional sprays were applied per year when growth resumed. Promalin was applied to one group of trees that received PB starting at PF + 2 weeks. PB reduced terminal, lateral, and total shoot growth the year of application and in subsequent years. Although average shoot length of lateral and terminal shoots was reduced, the greatest reduction in growth occurred because PB prevented spurs from growing into lateral and terminal shoots. Compared to unsprayed trees, PB reduced pruning time in all 4 years by 23% to 70%. PB increased bloom only the first year after application, but increased fruit set for 2 years due to a carryover effect. Application of PB in 1985 caused a reduction in fruit size, sometimes in soluble solids concentration, length : diameter (L : D) ratio, and pedicel length. Promalin either overcame the reduction in the ratio or increased it in 1986. Reduced rates of PB in subsequent years caused few adverse effects on the fruit. PB increased flesh firmness when applied at PF + 2 weeks but not at PF + 4 weeks. Trees treated with PB produced fruit with higher flesh Ca and less bitter pit, cork spot, and senescent breakdown following regular air storage. Chemical names used: ß -(4 -chlorophenyl)methyl -( 1,1-dimethylethyl) -1Hl,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol, PB); gibberellins A4+7 plus N-(phenylmethyl) -1H-purine-6-amine (Promalin).
F Commodity market integration and price transmission : Empirical evidence from India

In the era of globalization markets are connected to each other not only to compete domestic products with international products to increase economic stand but also export the required products. Therefore, in the recent years markets are more vibrant and transparent in integration with each other. Over the last couple of years, it has been seen that commodity prices have increased and remained highly volatile not only in international market but in India. Therefore, this paper examines the market integration and price transmission in India using the time series techniques of cointegration and vector error correction models. The study finds that there is both short-run and long-run relationship between domestic commodity index (all commodity index, energy index and metal index) prices and international commodity index (all commodity index, energy index and metal index) prices. But, there is no relationship between domestic agriculture index price and international agriculture index price. The study also finds that except the agriculture index price, the change in domestic commodity index (all commodity index, energy index and metal index) prices are due to the change in international commodity index (all commodity index, energy index and metal index) prices.
Implications of financial development on poverty and inequality: Evidence from Nigeria

This paper examines the short and long run implications of the four measures of financial development on poverty reduction and income inequality in Nigeria within the period 1996-2017. The study employs the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) long run co-integration approach. The results revealed a positive but economic insignificant relationship between financial development, poverty and inequality both in the short and long run. The study further revealed that corruption and inflationary levels exhibited positive effect on poverty reduction and income inequality. These results advocate for an establishment of more bank branches as well as the development of informal/micro financial institutions in the rural areas. Since the result particularly pointed out the significance of the financial institution efficiency and stability has germane to foreign and domestic investment attraction, the government should embark on policies that strengthen the efficiency and stability of the sector. It also recommends that since the control of corruption has been highlighted as a panacea for poverty and inequality reduction, the government should tilt toward policies that would address corruption which is the most important element in institutional quality.
The bright side of lending by government owned banks : Evidence from the financial crisis in Japan

This paper investigates the effect of lending by government owned banks on real investment and employment for publicly traded industrial firms in Japan, focusing on a period that covers the financial crisis in the 1990s caused by the burst of the real estate bubble. We find that increases in government owned bank lending has strong impact on investment during the crisis. In contrast, increases in government owned bank lending has little effect on employment growth. The positive effects of increases in government owned bank lending are focused on non-zombie firms. Firms that are more credit constrained show larger increases in investment with increases in government owned bank lending. Thus, our results show that government owned bank interventions can be effective in mitigating credit constraints and stimulating investment even for publicly traded companies. _____________________________________________________________________ The authors thank Michael Brennan, Bruce Grundy, Derek Neal, Andrew Rose, David Yermack, Luigi Zingales, seminar participants at Deakin University, Development Bank of Japan, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Hitosubashi University, Institute of Policy Studies (Ministry of Finance, Government of Japan), National University of Singapore, Queensland University of Technology, University of Adelaide, University of Melbourne, the Econometric Society Australasian Meeting, the 2012 NBER-EASE meeting in Taipei, the 2012 China International Conference in Finance, the 2012 Asian Finance Association conference for helpful comments. This paper was earlier titled ‘The bright side of lending by state(government) owned banks: evidence from Japan. ’ Dept. of Finance, NUS Business School, Mochtar Riady Building, 15 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 117592. E-mail: linyupeng@nus.edu. sg Dept. of Finance and Risk Management Institute, National University of Singapore, Mochtar Riady Building, 15 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 117592. E-mail: bizas@nus.edu. sg c The University of Adelaide Business School, South Australia, Australia 5005. E-mail: takeshi.yamada@adelaide.edu. au
Investor Sentiment and Bond Market in Korea

We construct sentiment index with eight economic variables reflecting investor sentiment. We use kalman filter and principal component analysis to extract common factor of those variables. Two sentiment indices are similar in broad trend, but different in detailed scale. We conduct analysis with two constructed sentiment indices to investigate the relationship with two sentiment indices and the bond market risk is similar. In order to assess the relationship between investor sentiment and risk premium of bond, we conduct VAR analysis with sentiment, term premium, default premium and convexity. VAR results suggest there are significant relationships with sentiment and risk premium of bond.
Edinburgh Why and Where: A Characterization of Data Provenance

Withthe proliferation of database views and curated databases, the issue of data provenance { where a piece of data came from and the process by which it arrived in the database { is becoming increasingly important, especially in scienti(cid:12)c databases where understanding provenance is crucial to the accuracy and currency of data. In this paper we describe an approach to computing provenance when the data of interest has been created by a database query. We adopt a syntactic approach and present results for a general data model that applies to relational databases as well as to hierarchical data such as XML. A novel aspect of our work is a distinction between \why" provenance (refers to the source data that had some in(cid:13)uence on the existence of the data) and \where" provenance (refers to the location(s) in the source databases from which the data was extracted).
The evolution of socio-responsible business in developing countries : an institutional perspective

This paper explores the socio-responsible business practices in corporate management, suggesting the usefulness of adopting an institutional perspective. Focused on the possibilities of institutional transplantation, the economic benefits of an importation and a further adaptation of business social innovations, leading companies create adequate forms of realization of business social responsibility (BSR). This research demonstrates that the firm evolution and global trends assign incentives to introduce BSR institutions in organizational behaviour for minimization negative externalities, creation and consolidation reputational capital, maximizing capitalization of brand. The case study highlights a number of contradictions and problems that delay the successful building of managerial strategies to improvement business-government relations, meeting stakeholder expectations and produce customer loyalty. [Frolov D.P., Shulimova A. A. The evolution of socio-responsible business in developing countries: an institutional perspective. Life Sci J 2014;11(11):562-566] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 99
ESSENTIAL OILS OF Ocimum basilicum AND Cymbopogon flexuosus IN THE SEDATION , ANESTHESIA AND RECOVERY OF TAMBACU ( Piaractus mesopotamicus MALE X Colossoma macropomum FEMALE )

The objective of this study was to verify use of the essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum) (EOOB) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) (EOCF) for the sedation, anesthesia and recovery in tambacu juveniles. Eight fish were tested at concentrations of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μL L-1. The sedation time was less than 30 seconds at all concentrations, and 10 or 25 μL L-1 are recommended for sedation for both essential oils to be the most economic doses. The fastest anesthesia and anesthetic recovery times of 113.90 and 152.12 seconds for EOOB and 194.88 and 116.25 seconds for EOCF, respectively, occurred at 300 μL L-1. In conclusion, we recommend the use of EOOB and EOCF for sedation and anesthesia of tambacu at concentrations of 10-25 and 300 μL L-1, respectively.
Mandatory IFRS Adoption and Earnings Quality : The Impact of Country-Specific Factors

We investigate how country-specific factors impact earnings quality in 23 countries where the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has been made mandatory. Our sample consists of 16,238 observations across 8 industries for the period 2007-2011. Using both accruals and real earnings management as a proxy for earnings quality and World Economic Forum (WEF) scores to capture time-relevant country-specific factors, we first observe that firms engage in both accruals and real earnings management. Second, for the same firms we find that accruals earnings management is significantly negatively related to strong investor protection, strong enforcement of accounting standards and capital market strength while real earnings management is significantly positively related to the same factors. Our findings suggest two things: first, that IFRS implementation alone is insufficient in improving earnings quality in the absence of strong institutions. Second, when faced with strong investor protection and regulation, firms prefer real earnings management which is more difficult to detect compared to accruals earnings management. The results are consistent with findings in the accruals vs real earnings management literature (Zang, 2012; Cohen and Zarowin, 2010) and the IFRS earnings quality literature (Soderstrom and Sun, 2007; Callao and Jarne, 2010; Hoque et al (2012).