Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating partial root-zone irrigation and mulching in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under a sub-humid tropical climate

The field experiments were conducted to compare the alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) with and without black plastic mulch (BPM) with full root-zone irrigation (FRI) in furrow-irrigated okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) at Bhubaneswar, India. APRI means that one of the two neighboringfurrows was alternately irrigated during consecutive watering. FRI was the conventional method where every furrow was irrigated during each watering. The used irrigation levels were 25% available soil moisture depletion (ASMD), 50% ASMD, and 75% ASMD. The plant growth and yield parameters were observed to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher with frequent irrigation (at 25% ASMD) under all irrigation strategies. However, APRI + BPM produced the maximum plant growth and yield using 22% and 56% less water over APRI without BPM and FRI, respectively. The highest pod yield (10025kgha −1 )w as produced under APRI at 25% ASMD + BPM, which was statistically at par with the pod yield under APRI at 50% ASMD + BPM. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), which indicates the pod yield per unit quantity of irrigation water, was estimated to be highest (12.3kgm −3 ) under APRI at 50% ASMD + BPM, followed by APRI at 25% ASMD + BPM. Moreover, the treatment APRI at 50% ASMD + BPM was found economically superior to other treatments, generating more net return (US$ 952ha −1 ) with higher benefit–cost ratio (1.70).
Is the euro area M 3 abandoning us ?

This paper reassesses the role of the M3 aggregate for monetary policy purposes in the euro area. Using data until 2006Q4 it is shown that the M3 aggregate ceased to display the empirical properties that supported its prominent role in the ECBs monetary policy strategy. On the one hand, when the most recent data are used in the analysis there is strong evidence of cointegration breakdown in the M3 money demand models as well as in the "two-pillar Phillips curves" with ltered data. On the other hand, the leading indicator properties of M3 for ination in the area have also deteriorated markedly in the most recent years. This is supported by evidence both in the time and frequency domains. JEL: E3; E4; E5.
Oat β-glucan alleviates 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in vivo

Oat β-glucan has been recognized as a functional ingredient in human and animal nutrition. This study was aimed to reveal whether it was also a protective agent in 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in vivo. 5-Fu (150 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally (IP) injected into Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and then 0.125 g/kg, 0.25 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg oat β-glucan were given for the next continual 7 days. On the day 4 and day 8, rat’s body weight, diarrhea, ileum and colon weight were recorded, intestinal histopathology was detected, and the content of endotoxin and antioxidant indexes were assessed. Dramatical weight losses of body, ileum and colon organs were observed in 5-Fu pre-treated rats, and these rats had severe diarrhea. 5-Fu caused substantial changes in the intestinal mucosal layer, including flattened epithelial layer, shortened villi and lamina propria with inflammatory cells infiltration. Besides, 5-Fu increased the productions of endotoxin, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), myeloperoxidase (MPO), NO and NOS. More importantly, oat β-glucan could alleviate these abnormalities induced by 5-Fu, in both timeand dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that oat β-glucan protected against 5-Fu-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in vivo.
Optimization of Two-Wheeler Braking Squeal Noise Reduction Using Solidworks and Finite Element Analysis

This paper reviews that there is a type of noise which is creating amid the braking activity called as Brake Squeal. Plate brake screech still keeps on being a noteworthy worry for the bike business notwithstanding the endeavours to lessen its event amid the previous decades. It has been the subject of both trial and numerical displaying since 1930s the constantly advancing desires identified with vehicle execution have brought about the auto producer having to endeavour to give an aggressive and effective stopping mechanism, as well as a 'calm' slowing mechanism. The end of brake screech clamour is vital as it causes distress of the vehicle owners and in addition any people on foot. Screech issues may cause the auto producer considerable income misfortune from guarantee claims related with the nature of clamour delivered by the brake in spite of the way that the brake remains completely useful what's more, safe. The exchange offs associated with this procedure keep on challenging designers to comprehend and control brake clamour and vibration marvels. From a hypothetical point of view, circle brake screech can be named a type of grinding prompted vibration. The trademark and the comprehension of this issue are confused by the way that it is a transient marvel. The plate rotor, while acting like a speaker, is a pivoting part and the collected brake joins numerous parts with complex interfaces. This movement is caused because of erosion between the plate and the wheel. Because of this vast warmth is produced and brakes turn out to be excessively hot which drives, making it impossible to the stopping of work since no a great part of the warmth is permitted to disseminate. This sort of disappointment is called as brake blur. To enhance warm dispersal and to reduce the squeal in our paper single material disc brake is used with different geometry plate rotor is utilized to decide Disk screech. Demonstrating of the plate is been done on Solid works and Modal examination is done on ANSYS 18.1
Swinepox dermatitis in backyard pigs in Northeastern Brazil1

Olinda R.G. , Maia L.A. , Cargnelutti J.F. , Gois R.C. S. , Batista J.S. , Dantas A.F. M. , Flores E.F. & Riet-Correa F. 2016. Swinepox dermatitis in backyard pigs in Northeastern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(6):468-472. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: rgumes@hotmail.com This article describes five outbreaks of swinepox in backyard pigs in Northeastern Brazil. It affected backyard pigs from herds of poor hygienic-sanitary conditions with severe fly and lice infestations. The morbidity ranged from 33.3 to 100% among affected herds, with mortality reaching up to 60%. The affected pigs developed multifocal to coalescent gray to white papules and blisters in the skin, with eventual eruptions, evolving to erosions and crusts. In addition to skin lesions, affected piglets presented apathy, anorexia and fever. The disease was auto-limiting, resolving within 15 to 25 days. Histological examination revealed proliferative and ulcerative vesiculopustular dermatitis with ballooning degeneration of epithelial cells, perivascular inflammatory infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and some macrophages in the dermis. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions were consistently observed in keratinocytes. Total DNA extracted from fresh tissue fragments obtained from one outbreak and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from the other four outbreaks was submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Swinepox virus (SWPV) and Vaccinia virus (VACV). Genetic SWPV material was identified by PCR in fresh material from one outbreak. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the PCR amplicons (viral polymerase gene) demonstrated 100% homology with sequences from SWPV. All tissues were PCR negative for VACV. Swine poxvirus is present in backyard pigs in Northeastern Brazil, indicating the need of including SWPV in the differential diagnosis of dermatitis in pigs.
Explaining Differences in the Productivity of Capital Across Countries in the Context of 'New' Growth Theory

The purpose of this paper is to explain differences in the productivity of capital across countries taking 84 rich and poor countries over the period 1980-2011, and to test the orthodox neoclassical assumption of diminishing returns to capital. The marginal product of capital is measured as the ratio of the long-run growth of GDP to a country’s investment ratio. Twenty potential determinants are considered using a general-to-specific model selection procedure. Education, government consumption, geography, export growth, openness, political rights and macroeconomic instability turn out to be the most important variables. The data also suggest constant returns to capital, so investment matters for long-run growth.
The comparison of the problem solving style and abstract thinking between men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and men without addiction

Introduction: According to projects, substance addicts have deficits in thinking and cognitive. These findings support the assumption that there are differences between two groups in abstract thinking and problem solving style. Methods: This study aimed to the problem solving style and abstract thinking in men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and men without addiction. By using Ex post facto method, 60 men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and 60 men without addiction were selected through judgmental convenient sampling. They were examined via the problem solving style questionnaire and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results: Results showed a significant difference between two groups in approach style and creative problem-solving style, sorting piles and preservative errors (P<0.001). No significant difference between two groups shown in helplessness, problem solving control, problem-solving confidence and avoidance style. Conclusion: Data analysis showed that men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) have deficits in problem solving and the abstract thinking. Therefore, clinical psychologists that are interested in addiction and treatment addiction should pay attention cognitive factors in treatment of addicts. Declaration of Interest: None.
The effect of cultivar type, time of cultivation, and biostimulant treatment on the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of spraying with Aminoplant on the yield of two spinach cultivars in the spring and autumn cultivations. The experiment was carried out in 2008 and 2009 in the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland. Three factors were taken into consideration: (1) cultivar: ‘Rembrandt F1’ and ‘Spiros F1’; (2) time of cultivation: spring and autumn; (3) dose of Aminoplant: control (without Aminoplant), 1.5 dm3 ha-1 and 3.0 dm3 ha-1. The spinach yield was dependent on the time of production and cultivar type, and ranged between 18.6-44.8 t ha-1. Both cultivars yielded better in autumn cultivation. Spraying with Aminoplant had no effect on spinach yield. Dry matter content in spinach leaves was between 6.3-11.2 g 100 g-1. Spinach grown in the autumn had a greater content of dry matter in comparison to the spring cultivation. In 2009, ‘Rembrant F1’ was characterized by greater dry matter content than ‘Spiros F1’. Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3 ha-1 lowered dry matter content in spinach leaves as compared to the control. The nitrate content in spinach was differentiated (558-3506 mg NO3 kg-1 f.m.) and depended on the time of cultivation, the cultivar, and the Aminoplant dose.
Determination of some virulence factors of Candida spp. isolated from locally produced cheese in Diyala Governorate-Iraq

Locally produced cheese which called (Gibin Al arab) is one of the most common dairy products in Iraq, it has an economic importance and great social value. This research aimed to identify yeast species from locally produced cheese (Gibin Al Arab) in Diyala city which traditionally made and sold in markets of old town in Baquba, and study some of virulence factors (Esterase production, Phospholipase and Hemolytic production) of yeasts belong to genus of Candida . All cheese samples showed contamination with varying number of yeast, total 88 yeast isolates obtained from 70 cheese samples, they were Geotrichum candidum(20.5%), Rhodotorela species(19.4%), Candida parapsilosis (18%), Candida albicans (13.6%), Candida tropicalis (10.5%), Candida krusei (8%), Saccharomyces cerevisice (3.3%) and mixed yeast (un identified) at rate of (6.7%). Species of Candida formed half of the total isolates and the most prevalent isolate of Candida spp. was Candida parapsilosis . According to the results determining of (Esterase production, Phospholipase and Hemolytic production) as a virulence factors identifying Candida spp. these activities referred that all isolates of Candida spp. show one or more of these activities and that isolates of medically important species Candida albicans were the most virulent isolates. this referred to the importance of take attention about consuming of such types of dairy products and need for applying more hygienic measures during handling, processing of milk and form of storage and/or selling of cheese.
A Surveillance of Direct-Firing System for Pulverized-Coal Using Statistically Treated Signals from Intrusive Electrostatic Sensors

Operational surveillance of all vital parts of thermal power plants is nowadays more important than any time before due to requirements for their extremely flexible operation resulting from intermittent behaviour of renewable energy sources. New methods for online measuring of pneumatic transport provide new possibilities for control and early fault detection of coal grinding and conveying system in direct-fired power plant boilers. Arrays of intrusive electrostatic sensors are an attractive option due to their inexpensive application and good spatial sensitivity required in large rectangular ducts of pulverized-coal systems. In this study, statistically treated electrostatic signals are used for detection of unexpected change in operating regime of coal grinding and conveying. Model-based and model-free autocorrelation reduction techniques are used to reduce the inherent autocorrelation of data. Forming batch-means of data, a model-free autocorrelation reduction technique is proposed in combination with an autoregressive-integrated-moving-average (ARIMA) method. Residuals between real and ARIMA model fitted data are entered into exponentially-weighted-moving-average (EWMA) control chart for statistical surveillance of the process. The robust and cost-effective measuring method accompanied with a simple and intuitive control scheme proves to be effective for early fault detection of the pulverized-coal preparation system.
Polimorfisme Gen Calpastatin (CAST-Msp1) dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Bobot Hidup Domba Lokal

SUMANTRI, C. , R. DIYONO, A. FARAJALLAH and I. INOUNU. 2008. Polymorphism of Calpastatin gene and its effect on body weight of local sheeps. JITV 13(2): 117-126. The objectives of this research were to identify polymorphism of calpastatin gene and to investigate any association of calpastatin genotype on body weight of local sheeps. A total number of DNA samples were collected from 288 heads of local sheeps from 8 populations. Two local sheep samples were medium tail sheeps (MTSs) of a Garut fighting type from Ciomas/Bogor (29) and a Garut meat type from Margawati (29). The remaining six local sheep population were one thin tail sheep (TTS) from Jonggol (36); and five fat tail (FTSs) from Indramayu (43), Madura (43), Sumbawa (26), Rote (36) and Donggala (46) respectively. Genomic DNAs of those blood of local sheeps were extracted by a standard phenol-chloroform protocol and amplified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR reaction was carried out in a thermocycler (Takara PCR of Thermal Cycler MP4) and PCR products were digested with Msp 1 enzyme restriction using a Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique. The PCR-RFLP products were separated at 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A silver-staining method then was applied to detect fragments. Genetic variations between local sheep populations were calculated based on frequencies of genotypes and alelles. The association between genotype of calpastatin gene and body weight of local sheeps were calculated by General Linear Model method by SAS version 6.12. A length of 622 base pairs (bp) of the calpastatin gene of the Indonesian local sheeps was successfully amplified by the PCR technique. An MspI restriction enzyme cut the PCR product into two different length fragments, those were 336 bp and 286 bp designated as M allele of the CAST-Msp1; whilst that unsuccessfully cut PCR product resulted one fragment 622 bp designated as N allele of the CAST-Msp1. Locus of the CAST-Msp1 gene in most local sheeps studied was polymorphic, the exception was in the FTS from Rote of which monomorphic. The highest frequency of the M allele was in the fighting Garut sheep from Ciomas (0.29), whilst the lowest was in the FTS from Rote (0.00). However, frequencies of the M allele of FTSs from Sumbawa and Madura were similar (0.04). Further, frequencies of the M allele of local sheeps from Margawati, Jonggol, Indramayu, and Donggala were 0.24, 0.16, 0.13 and 0.12 respectively. The highest frequency of MN genotype was observed in the Garut fighting sheep from Ciomas (0.58), but the lowest was in the FTS from Rote (0.00). The heterosigosity was observed differently among populations. The highest heterosigosity was also identified in the Garut fighting sheep in Ciomas (0.43), whilst FTSs both in Sumbawa and Madura were for the lowest (0.08). Results of this study showed that there was a definit association betwen calpastatin genotype and body weight of male sheeps from which the MN genotype significantly related to a higher body weight compared to that of the NN genotype.
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals , Obesogens , and the Obesity Epidemic

Abbreviations . 603 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and Human Health . 604 The Obesity Epidemic . 604 Obesogens, Adipogenesis, and Obesity . 605 In Vitro Exposure to Obesogens and Adipogenesis . 605 In Vivo Exposure to Obesogens during Adulthood and Obesity . 606 Developmental Origins of Obesity . 606 Energy Balance during Development . 606 Obesogens and the Developmental Origins of Obesity . 607 Obesogens and the Transgenerational Transmission of Obesity . 608 Obesogens and Cardiovascular Disease . 608 Conclusion and Future Directions . 609 References . 610
Areas of Climate Stability of Species Ranges in the Brazilian Cerrado: Disentangling Uncertainties Through Time

Recognizing the location of climatically stable areas in the future is subjected to uncertainties from ecological niche models, climatic models, variation in species ranges responses, and from the climatic variation through time. Here, we proposed an approach based on hierarchical ANOVA to reduce uncertainties and to identify climatically stable areas, working with Cerrado tree species as a model organism. Ecological niche models were generated for 18 Cerrado tree species and their potential distributions were projected into past and future. Analyses of the sources of uncertainties in ensembles hindcasts/forecasts revealed that the time component was the most important source of variation, whereas the climatic models had the smallest effect. The species responses to climate changes do not showed marked differences within each time period. By comparing past and future predictions, a single continuous climatically stable area was identified, which should be considered as a potential improvement for spatial prioritization for conservation.
STUDY OF EFFECT OF SPEED, ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION OF SMALL PETROL CAR ON ITS TAIL PIPE EMISSION

Pollution from vehicles is due to discharges like Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), Hydrocarbon (HC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) through their tailpipe. Cars, being in dominant proportions (36.5%) in Indian traffic stream with small cars above 50% in total car proportions, are the main contributors to pollutants. Literature reveals that all factors being constant, at signalized intersection, car emission rates are the function of speed and acceleration. Since it is difficult to collect speed and position data at the actual intersection, this study is conducted on link road between National Highway 31 and IIT Guwahati, India, replicating the queue leader at signalized intersection. Tailpipe emissions are measured using onboard emission measurement system and speed and position data are measured using GPS device. Study illustrates that tailpipe emissions like CO, HC and NOx are sensitive to vehicle speed at similar acceleration level. Tailpipe emission rate initially decreases with increase in speed and then increase afterwards with further increase in speed, at similar acceleration level. Emission rates are found to increase with increase in vehicle acceleration rate. It was observed that deceleration does not influence tailpipe emission of small cars.
IMPACT AND FEEDBACK OF OCEAN WAVES ON THE ATMOSPHERE by P A

The air-sea momentum transfer is known to be affected by the state of the ocean waves. For example, young wind waves are usually steeper than old wind waves and therefore extract more momentum from the air flow. As a result airflow over young windsea is rougher than over old windsea. The sea state dependent momentum transfer is thought to be of importance in rapidly varying circumstances occurring near depressions and fronts and in fetch limited circumstances near coasts. In this paper we review previous results regarding the impact of ocean waves on the atmospheric climate and we discuss new results regarding the impact of waves on the atmosphere for medium-range weather forecasting. It is concluded that the impact of ocean waves on the atmosphere depends in a sensitive manner on the resolution of the atmospheric model. In addition, analysis differences induced by the coupled wind-wave model give a considerable increase of the impact of ocean waves on the atmosphere. Overall, a modest positive impact on the scores of the atmospheric model is found while the improvements in the forecast performance of the wave model are even larger. As a consequence the coupled atmosphere, ocean-wave model was introduced into the ECMWF operational forecast system on June 29 1998. After this date a number of improvements of the wave model's advection scheme and integration scheme have been introduced and the angular resolution of the wave spectrum was doubled. Combined with the recent increase of spatial resolution of the atmospheric model from Tl319 to Tl511, this resulted in a dramatic increase of forecast skill of geopotential height and significant wave height, in particular in the Northern Hemisphere Summer time.