Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A FAR-INFRARED SPECTRAL SEQUENCE OF GALAXIES: TRENDS AND MODELS

We present a framework for the interpretation of the far-infrared spectra of galaxies in which we have expanded the model parameters compared with previous work by varying the ionization parameter U, column density N(H), and gas density at the cloud face n(H+) for a central starburst or active galactic nucleus (AGN). We compare these models carried out with the Cloudy spectral synthesis code to trends in line-to-total far-infrared luminosity ratios, far-infrared fine-structure line ratios, IRAS colors, and OH and H2O column densities found in the well-studied sample of 10 nearby galaxies from the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample with infrared luminosities greater than 1010 L☉ and IRAS 60 μm fluxes equal to or greater than that of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) Arp 220. We find that the spectral sequence extending from normal starburst-type emission-line-dominated spectra to ULIRG-type absorption-dominated spectra with significant absorption from excited levels can be best explained by simultaneously increasing the hydrogen column density, from as low as 1021 cm−2 to as high as 1024.8 cm−2 or greater, and the ionization parameter, from as low as 10−4 to as high as 1. The starburst models best reproduce most of the sequence, while AGN models are somewhat better able to produce the high OH and H2O column densities in Arp 220. Our results suggest that the molecular interstellar medium in ULIRG-like, molecular-absorption-dominated systems is located close to and at least partially obscures the source of power throughout much of the far-infrared, which must be taken into account in order to properly interpret diagnostics of both their sources of power and of feedback.
Impact of Building Information Modelling Implementation on the Acceptance of 7 Integrated Delivery Systems : Structural Equation Modelling Analysis

14 In recent years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been increasingly employed by the 15 Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry worldwide as a result of digital 16 government initiatives. In spite of some promising early evidence on the benefits of BIM, the 17 momentum of this “top-down” drive should build upon after-implementation empirical 18 evidence. Through the structural equation modeling analysis of survey returns from 145 19 Chinese BIM-enabled projects, this research demonstrates that BIM’s degree of 20 implementation can positively affect the acceptability of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) in 21 the future via increased perception of the need for supply chain incentivization and improved 22 communication quality enabled by BIM. Rolling out BIM on a wider scale may yield an 23 additional benefit in lowering the barrier to the implementation of IPD systems. This finding 24 can serve as evidential support for government mandates that requires the compulsory adoption 25 of BIM in public projects. 26
Sexual coercion in primates and humans : an evolutionary perspective on male aggression against females

Introduction and Theory * Male Aggression and Sexual Coercion of Females in Primates Martin N. Muller, Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham * Evolution of Sexual Coercion with Respect to Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict Theory Jana J. Watson-Capps * Inter-Sexual Conflict in Primates: Infanticide, Paternity Allocation, and the Role of Coercion Parry Clarke, Gauri Pradhan and Carel van Schaik Sexual Coercion and Mate Guarding in Non-Human Primates * Orangutans: Sexual Coercion Without Sexual Violence Cheryl Knott * Male Aggression Against Females in Mountain Gorillas: Courtship or Coercion? Martha Robbins * The Causes and Consequences of Male Aggression Directed at Female Chacma Baboons Dawn M. Kitchen, Jacinta C. Beehner, Thore J. Bergman, Dorothy L. Cheney, Catherine Crockford, Anne L. Engh, Julia Fischer, Robert M. Seyfarth and Roman M. Wittig * Female-Directed Aggression and Social Control in Spider Monkeys Andres Link, Anthony Di Fiore and Stephanie N. Spehar * Male Aggression Against Females and Sexual Coercion in Chimpanzees Martin N. Muller, Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham * Sexual Coercion in Dolphin Consortships: a Comparison with Chimpanzees Richard C. Connor and Nicole L. Vollmer * Male Aggression toward Females in Hamadryas Baboons: Conditioning, Coercion, and Control Larissa Swedell and Amy Schreier Sexual Coercion and Mate Guarding in Humans * Coercive Violence by Human Males Against Their Female Partners Margo Wilson and Martin Daly * The Political Significance of Gender Violence Lars Rodseth and Shannon Novak * Intimate Wounds: Cranio-Facial Trauma in Women and Female Chimpanzees Shannon Novak and Mallorie Hatch * Human Rape: Revising Evolutionary Perspectives Melissa Emery Thompson Female Counterstrategies *"Friendship" with Males: A Female Counterstrategy to Infanticide in Chacma Baboons of the Okavango Delta Ryne Palombit * The Absence of Sexual Coercion in Bonobos Tommaso Paoli * Sexual Coercion, Patriarchal Violence and Law Diane L. Rosenfeld Summary and Conclusions * Sexual Coercion in Humans and Other Primates: The Road Ahead Richard W. Wrangham and Martin N. Muller * List of Contributors * Index
THE MOLECULAR GAS CONTENT OF z < 0.1 RADIO GALAXIES: LINKING THE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACCRETION MODE TO HOST GALAXY PROPERTIES

One of the main achievements in modern cosmology is the so-called unified model, which successfully describes most classes of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) within a single physical scheme. However, there is a particular class of radio-luminous AGNs that presently cannot be explained within this framework—the “low-excitation” radio AGN (LERAGN). Recently, a scenario has been put forward which predicts that LERAGNs and their regular “high-excitation” radio AGN (HERAGN) counterparts represent different (red sequence versus green valley) phases of galaxy evolution. These different evolutionary states are also expected to be reflected in their host galaxy properties, in particular their cold gas content. To test this, here we present CO(1→0) observations toward a sample of 11 of these systems conducted with CARMA. Combining our observations with literature data, we derive molecular gas masses (or upper limits) for a complete, representative, sample of 21 z < 0.1 radio AGNs. Our results yield that HERAGNs on average have a factor of ∼7 higher gas masses than LERAGNs. We also infer younger stellar ages, lower stellar, halo, and central supermassive black masses, as well as higher black hole accretion efficiencies in HERAGNs relative to LERAGNs. These findings support the idea that HERAGNs and LERAGNs form two physically distinct populations of galaxies that reflect different stages of massive galaxy buildup.
From Agriculture to Nutrition Pathways , Synergies and Outcomes

The relationship between food production and food consumption is intuitively direct. Increases in food production should lead to increased food availability, access, and ultimately, food intake. In reality, however, the relationship between agriculture and human nutrition is far more complex. The persistence of malnutrition globally despite the success of agricultural production belies any notion that under-nutrition can be solved entirely by simply increasing food production. An individual’s nutritional status is the result of a complex set of inter-related factors that act synergistically and are dependent on the environment in which people live and the intra-household processes they are exposed to. A widely used conceptual framework developed by UNICEF in 1990 identifies three main underlying determinants of nutritional status: availability and access to the right amount and combination of foods of adequate nutritional quality, feeding and care-giving practices, and access to health care services. This note discusses the direct pathways through which agricultural production can contribute to improved nutrition. It then reviews recent changes in the global environment which affect the ways in which agriculture and nutrition are linked. It concludes with a discussion of how nutrition-related objectives can be effectively incorporated into the design of agriculture programs for maximum impact on the poor.
The orthopaedic q with Alzheimer ’ s disease require appropriate

Elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are subject to incidence of hip fracture, especially in elderly female devastating and progressive consequences of have unconstructive impacts in the whole body function problems such as memory impairments; judgment deficiency the topographical orientation – characterized by the oneself in one’s surroundings as a result of dementia which lead to disability or inability to make use of selective spatial information (e.g., environmental landmarks) or to orient by means of specific cognitive strategies such as the ability to form a mental representation of the environment (visuospatial dysgnosia) – other vital penalties are observed among AD patients such as the loss of activity of daily living the failure of adequate motor function which cause symptoms to movement instability (falls), orthopedic instigate a state of mental incapacity and motor AD patients. Many other metabolic factors such as and K due to malnutrition or sunlight depr reabsorption due to immobilization, and low bone mineral density (BMD) can increase the risk of falls and may contribute to an increase risk of hip fractures in patients with neurological diseases and especially AD patients. The purpose of this study on this quandary, and to evaluate the risk of hip fracture in patients with AD by looking for prevention strategies capable to of hip fractures in patients with such neurological diseas
Lumpy Investment in Sticky Information General Equilibrium

In this paper, I introduce lumpy micro-level capital adjustment into a sticky information general equilibrium model. Lumpy adjustment arises because of inattentiveness in capital investment decisions instead of the more common assumption of non-convex adjustment costs. The model features inattentiveness as the only source of stickiness. I find that the model with lumpy investment yields business cycle dynamics which differ substantially from those of an otherwise identical model with frictionless investment and are much more consistent with the empirical evidence. These results therefore strengthen the case in favour of the relevance of microeconomic investment lumpiness for the business cycle. Keywords: sticky information, general equilibrium, lumpy investment, business cycle JEL classification: D83, E10, E22, E32
Are subjective measures of well-being ‘direct’?

Subjective measures of well-being—measures based on answers to questions such as ‘Taking things all together, how would you say things are these days—would you say you're very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy these days? ’—are often presented as superior to more traditional economic welfare measures, e.g., for public policy purposes. This paper aims to spell out and assess what I will call the argument from directness: the notion that subjective measures of well-being better represent well-being than economic measures do because subjective measures (and subjective measures alone) are direct measures of well-being. My main thesis is that the argument begs the question against proponents of economic measures: it is based on a premise that they reject and that is no less in need of justification than the conclusion of the argument, namely, the proposition that well-being is constituted by subjectively experienced mental states. If subjective measures can be defended as valid measures of well-being at all, I will maintain, it is because they are (imperfect) indirect measures of well-being.
Kraft pulp from budworm-infested Jack pine

Abstract This study evaluated the quality of kraft pulp from budworm-infested jack pine. The logs were classified as merchantable live, suspect, or merchantable dead. Raw materials were evaluated through visual inspection, analysis of the chemical composition, SilviScan measurement of the density, and measurement of the tracheid length. Unbleached pulps were then refined using a laboratory disk refiner. The mechanical and optical properties of handsheets made from the refined pulps were evaluated. Although budworm galleries may affect the physical integrity of the wood, they have no effect on pulp quality. Blue stain did not affect the handsheet brightness. The results indicate that merchantable dead jack pine trees are acceptable for kraft pulp production, with equivalent pulp yield.
AN HST IMAGING SURVEY OF LOW-MASS STARS IN THE CHAMAELEON I STAR-FORMING REGION

We present new Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 observations of 20 fields centered around T Tauri stars in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region. Images have been obtained in the F631N ([O i] λ6300), F656N (Hα), and F673N ([S ii] λλ6716, 6731) narrow-band filters, plus the Johnson V-band equivalent F547M filter. We detect 31 T Tauri stars falling within our fields. We discuss the optical morphology of 10 sources showing evidence of either binarity, circumstellar material, or mass loss. We supplement our photometry with a compilation of optical, infrared, and submillimeter (sub-mm) data from the literature, together with new sub-mm data for three objects, to build the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 19 single sources. Using an SED model fitting tool, we self-consistently estimate a number of stellar and disk parameters, while mass accretion rates are directly derived from our Hα photometry. We find that bolometric luminosities derived from dereddened optical data tend to be underestimated in systems with high α2–24 IR spectral index, suggesting that disks seen nearly edge-on may occasionally be interpreted as low-luminosity (and therefore more evolved) sources. On the other hand, the same α2–24 IR spectral index, a tracer of the amount of dust in the warmer layers of the circumstellar disks, and the mass accretion rate appear to decay with the isochronal stellar age, suggesting that the observed age spread (≃ 0.5–5 Myr) within the cluster is real. Our sample contains a few outliers that may have dissipated their circumstellar disks on a shorter timescale.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING BERBASIS PERMAINAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA DINI

Penerapan pembelajaran pada anak usia dini saat ini masih cenderung menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional seperti ceramah. Hal ini mengakibatkan rendahnya perkembangan kreativitas anak. Sehingga dibutuhkan suatu cara dalam meningkatkan kreativitas anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengimplementasian metode pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis permainan dalam meningkatkan kreativitas anak usia dini. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan metode observasi. Subjek penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah siswa di TK Pradnyandari III, dengan objek penelitian implementasi model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis permainan terhadap peningkatan kreativitas anak usia dini. Pada observasi awal, ketuntasan kreativitas anak hanya mencapai 22,72 %. Pada penerapan metode pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis permainan dalam siklus I terjadi peningkatan kreativitas anak menjadi 54,54%. Dan kembali mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II menjadi 86,36%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi metode pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis permainan dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak usia dini.
Ultrastructure of the seminal receptacle and the dimorphic sperm in the commensal bivalve Mysella bidentata (Veneroida; Galeommatoidea; Montacutidae)

Jespersen, A. and Lutzen, J. 2001. Ultrastructure of the seminal receptacle and the dimorphic sperm in the commensal bivalve Mysella bidentata (Veneroida: Galeommatoidea: Montacutidae). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 82: 107–115 The seminal receptacle and the euspermatozoa and paraspermatozoa of Mysella bidentata were examined at an ultrastructural level and the results were compared with earlier findings of the same and other species of the Montacutidae. The euspermatozoon has a slender 13 µm long nucleus and a 1.1 µm long bullet-shaped acrosome. The acrosome of the paraspermatozoon is almost identical in ultrastructure to that of the euspermatozoa but is longer (1.9 µm) and more slender and is bent at an angle to the diminutive nucleus (1.1 µm long). The unpaired seminal receptacle is lined by a heavily ciliated epithelium and a non-ciliated epithelium with short and broad microvilli. Euspermatozoa only are stored in the receptacle. They are densely packed and orientated with their heads towards the non-ciliated epithelium. In this position they develop numerous extremely fine microvilli from the acrosome which apparently serve to attach them to the epithelial microvillar surface. Stored sperm may presumably remain functional for at least six months. A possible function of paraspermatozoa could be to clump sperm into sperm bags to keep them in suspension.
ASPECTOS BIOFÍSICOS DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES E EMERGÊNCIA DE PLÂNTULAS DE SANTOL

Seed biometry is an easily measured variable that may indicate an existence of genetic variation favoring the production seedlings high-quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the morphometry and fresh mass of fruits and seeds and the initial emergence of seedlings from three mother-trees of santol [Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr. ]. The fruits were collected in three mother-trees from Belém, Pará State. For the biophysical aspects of fruits and seeds, 50 and 100 samples were ENCICLOPÉDIA BIOSFERA, Centro Científico Conhecer Goiânia, v.14 n.25; p. 2017 146 used, respectively. The emergence of seedlings was carried out on a sand substrate with sawdust, in the ratio of 1:1, consisting of four replicates with 25 seeds. It was observed high variability for fresh fruit mass, the number of seeds per fruit, fresh mass of the number of seeds per fruit and fresh seed mass. The santol mother trees have the potential for seed collection for the production of seedlings.
Révéler le potentiel : favoriser le leadership transformationnel chez les jeunes grâce au soutien des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux

Scholars have noted the constructive effects of transformational leadership on groups and organisations. Key predictors of transformational leadership include aspects of self-concept, as well as social context. The purpose of this research was to support and extend past work by exploring the links between a supportive social context, leadership self-efficacy and transformational leadership on a sample of university students (Study 1, n = 397) and testing the replicability of the findings (Study 2, n = 392). Results from both studies supported the hypothesis that the experience of basic psychological need satisfaction plays an influential role on transformational leadership both directly and indirectly through leadership self-efficacy. Discussion emphasizes keys findings and highlights implications for theory, research and practice.
THE HERSCHEL COMPREHENSIVE (U)LIRG EMISSION SURVEY (HERCULES): CO LADDERS, FINE STRUCTURE LINES, AND NEUTRAL GAS COOLING

(Ultra) luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs) are objects characterized by their extreme infrared (8–1000 μm) luminosities (LLIRG > 1011 L☉ and LULIRG > 1012 L☉). The Herschel Comprehensive ULIRG Emission Survey (PI: van der Werf) presents a representative flux-limited sample of 29 (U)LIRGs that spans the full luminosity range of these objects (1011L☉ ⩽ LIR ⩽ 1013L☉). With the Herschel Space Observatory, we observe [C ii] 157 μm, [O i] 63 μm, and [O i] 145 μm line emission with Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer, CO J = 4–3 through J = 13–12, [C i] 370 μm, and [C i] 609 μm with SPIRE, and low-J CO transitions with ground-based telescopes. The CO ladders of the sample are separated into three classes based on their excitation level. In 13 of the galaxies, the [O i] 63 μm emission line is self absorbed. Comparing the CO excitation to the InfraRed Astronomical Satellite 60/100 μm ratio and to far infrared luminosity, we find that the CO excitation is more correlated to the far infrared colors. We present cooling budgets for the galaxies and find fine-structure line flux deficits in the [C ii], [Si ii], [O i], and [C i] lines in the objects with the highest far IR fluxes, but do not observe this for CO 4 ⩽ Jupp ⩽ 13. In order to study the heating of the molecular gas, we present a combination of three diagnostic quantities to help determine the dominant heating source. Using the CO excitation, the CO J = 1–0 linewidth, and the active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution, we conclude that galaxies with large CO linewidths always have high-excitation CO ladders, and often low AGN contributions, suggesting that mechanical heating is important.
J un 2 01 8 Non-Extensive Transport Equations in Magnetized Plasmas

The transport equations for magnetized plasmas outside thermodynamic equilibrium are derived on the basis of the non-extensive statistical mechanics formulation introduced by Tsallis. The steady-state distribution function is obtained by extremization of the Tsallis entropy and the Landau collision operator is self-consistently obtained. The fluid equations and the relevant transport coefficients for electrons are then derived from the Boltzmann kinetic equation using the method of Braginskii. The results allow for consistent modelling of transport in magnetized plasmas with non-equilibrium features, in particular in the presence of long-range correlations that modify the steady-state distribution function, on the basis of only one parameter, q. Since many transport coefficients can be measured in a single experiment and they all depend on q, the determination of its proper value to fit specific experimental results, using the present model, can be quite robust. We also apply the model introduced here in the transport of the heat in the solar wind and in the interpretation of the cold pulse in magnetic confinement plasmas.
myofibril to membrane ; the transitional junction at the intercalated disc

1. Abstract 2. Introduction to the Transitional Junction 2.1. General characteristics of the transitional junction at the intercalated disc 2.2. General structure of the intercalated disc 3. Evidence for the Transitional Junction 3.1. Z-disc functions are separated at the intercalated disc 3.2. Myofibrillar proteins and the transitional junction 3.2.1. I-band proteins 3.2.2. Z-disc proteins 3.2.2.1. Actin 3.2.2.2. CapZ 3.2.2.3. Nebulette 3.2.2.4. Alpha-actinin 3.2.2.5. Titin 3.2.2.6. ZASP/Cypher/Oracle 3.2.2.7. Telethonin/T-cap 3.2.2.8. FATZ/Calsarcin/Myozenin 3.2.2.9. Other Z-disc proteins 3.3. Non-myofibrillar proteins 3.3.1. N-RAP 3.3.2. Spectrin associated membrane cytoskeleton 3.3.3. Membrane myofibril connection 4. Morphological observations 4.1. Thin filaments 4.2. Membrane peaks 5. Role of the Transitional Junction 5.1. The model structure of the transitional junction and its function 5.2. The role of the transitional junction in sarcomere addition and cell growth 5.3. The role of the transitional junction in disease 6. Perspective 7. Acknowledgements 8. References
Factors Affecting Social Network Sites Usage on Smartphones of Students in Turkey

Recent developments in technology make it possible to be able to connect to the Internet from anywhere, anytime through smart phones. This study aims to identify the factors that affect social network use on Smartphones of students. An extended version of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is shown. A questionnaire was created and applied to students from Turkey in order to examine the proposed model. Analysis of 155 participants results showed that behavioral intention to use, perceived enjoyment, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and social influence has either direct or indirect effects on use of social networks on Smartphones among students.