Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Market implications of new regulations: impact of health and nutrition information on consumer choice

Consumer concern for health impacts of diet has increased the use of nutritional information and claims by agro-food industry. Under the current European legislation on nutrition and health claims and on nutritional labelling, three type of nutritional information can be provided on food products: nutritional facts panel, nutritional claims and health claims. In thiscontext,theaimofthepaperistoassesshowmuchconsumers’valuetheprovisionofthreetypesofnutritionalinfor mation in a meat product not precisely perceived as healthy, “pork Frankfurt sausages”, using a choice experiment. The data comes from a survey conducted in two Spanish medium size towns (Zaragoza and Cordoba) during 2007.A mixed logit model is used to estimate the effect of the nutrition information attributes on consumers’ utility and derive their willingnesstopay.Resultsshowthatallthreenutritionalandhealthinformationitemsarevaluedbyconsumers,althoughpreferencesareheterogeneous.Healthclaimsaresignificantlyhighervaluedthannutritionalattributes(factspanelorclaim). Estimated market shares show that the use of any of the available labelling options will obtain significant market success even at prices including premiums above current price levels. Additional keywords: choice experiments, demand, health claims, nutrition claims, nutrition facts panel, sausages. Resumen
The contribution of Muslims to science during the Middle Abbasid Period (750-945)

A history of Muslims’ contribution to present-day science and technology is the exploration of the missing account of their glorious past. Muslims integrated science, theology, and philosophy as they were urged to study, acquire knowledge, and learn from others' expertise and civilization. The significance of this study lies not in recounting the specific contribution of Muslims to the individual disciplines of science such as medicine, mathematics, astronomy, geometry, geology, mineralogy, chemistry, philosophy and architecture, and trigonometry. Those accounts though greatly important in their own right have been the central focus of a number of works. This paper highlights those aspects of Muslims’ contribution to scientific body of knowledge that are subtle and perhaps more important to the development of the entire body of the scientific knowledge. Through an analysis of socio-cultural and historical context, the paper concludes that the contribution of Muslim scientist lies in (a) bringing to light the work of ancient Greek scholars in the field of science, and (b) bringing to the knowledge of Europe the works of Indian men of science, especially in mathematics, astronomy and medicine.
Effect of Cultivar and Explants Type on Tissue Culture Regeneration of Three Nigerian Cultivars of Tomatoes

In order to assess the suitable explant(s) for in-vitro regeneration of three local cultivars of Nigerian tomatoes, Ibadan local (IbL), Ife and JM94/46, cotyledon, hypocotyls and radicle explants were cultured in shoot regeneration medium consisting of MS containing 30 g L-1 sucrose and 8 g L-1 agar with no exogenous plant growth hormones. Forty-five of each explant type was cultured on the medium in triplicate experiments and results showed varied percentage survival and shooting for the various explants. Hypocotyl explants had the highest percentage of shooting explants at 13.3% for IbL; 6.67% for Ife and 20% in JM94/46. IbL cotyledon explants had 4.44% of shooting explants with no shoots recorded in Ife and JM94/46 cotyledon explants. IbL radicle explants had 2.22% shooting explants and no shoots recorded in Ife and JM94/46. Student Neuman Keuls (SNK) statistical analysis of cultivar-media interaction showed there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the three cultivars in number of calli and shooting calli. There was however significant difference among the cultivars in the number of shoots recorded. SNK values for explants-media interaction showed that cotyledon and radicle explants were significantly different (P < 0.05) from hypocotyl explants in the number of shoots produced.
Identification of Sex of Human Clavicles from North Karnataka Zone

Abstract The sex determination of the individual is a primary criterion of identification but this is a very difficult problem and becomes even more challenging when only a single bone like the clavicle is available. The traditional methods of sexing bone are subjective and not of much help where 100% accuracy is required. Metrical analysis of sexing of clavicle by length measurement is done for this purpose. Lengths of 155 adult human clavicles of known sex were measured with the help of Vernier caliper and graph paper. The length of the male right clavicle ranged from 123-167 mm (mean of 142.1± 11.70mm) where as that of the female ranged from 115-150mm (mean of 131.7±12.22mm). The length of the left male clavicle ranged from 120-162mm (mean of 143.8 ± 9.55mm) and that of the left female clavicle ranged from 114.5 - 151 (mean of 132.7± 9.02). The length of the clavicle has a high significance in sex differentiation (p<0.001). The prediction of correct sex by length of the clavicle alone is 62% for male and 63.30% for female right clavicles and 76% for male and 76.50% for female left clavicles.
Evaluation of Injury Cases for Dental Intervention Described in Legal Dentistry Reports

La responsabilidad del dentista acerca de las intervenciones dentales realizadas en el ejercicio de sus actividades tienen responsabilidades civil, etica, administrativa y penal. Cuando se prueba que un resultado es perjudicial para el paciente, por imprudencia, mal praxis o negligencia, el examen de la lesion puede ser ordenado por una autoridad judicial y se analiza por peritos, haciendo que el dentista este sujeto a las sanciones previstas en el Codigo Penal brasileno, siendo forzado a reparar el dano e indemnizar de acuerdo a la consecuencia causada, con base en el Codigo Civil, o ambos, pudiendo sufrir una doble accion. Debido al incremento de los procesos legales relacionados con la odontologia, el objetivo de esta investigacion es dar mayor visibilidad al tema, haciendo hincapie en los aspectos eticos y legales relacionados con la practica profesional. Para ello, llevamos a cabo un estudio de los informes odontologicos legales de lesiones maxilofaciales en el Instituto de Medicina Legal Nina Rodrigues, Salvador-BA-Brasil, durante los meses de enero 2007 a diciembre 2013. Se analizo la informacion de los procedimientos realizados, la razon para el informe del perito y su resultados, la responsabilidad profesional y la conclusion propuesta por el peritos. Se encontro que del total de examenes por injurias a pacientes, la mayoria correspondio al area de cirugia (42,9%), seguido por endodoncia y ortodoncia con 14,3% en cada uno; en el 96% de los casos se involucraron uno o mas elementos de responsabilidad profesional, siendo el 47,4% clasificados por los peritos como lesiones menores. Se concluye que el aumento de los litigios por lesiones generadas por la atencion odontologica se deben a que el dentista no toma responsabilidad sobre los malos resultados y realiza procedimientos sin tener la habilidad adecuada. Se sugiere realizar una adecuada formacion profesional para la adquirir los conocimientos tecnicos y cientificos de cada area (especializacion), lo que permitiria actuar con el maximo cuidado y profesionalismo.
Occupational segregation of Hispanics in US metropolitan areas

This article quantifies the occupational segregation of Hispanics in the largest Hispanic enclaves of the US. Using a procedure based on propensity score, it explores the role played by the characteristics of Hispanics, such as country of origin and English fluency, in explaining the variation of segregation across metropolitan areas. Regarding the characteristics of the metropolitan areas, a regression analysis shows that the segregation of Hispanic workers tends to be higher in relatively smaller and highly educated labour markets, with a lower proportion of Hispanics, a higher growth of recent foreign-born Hispanics and in areas where they face cooler feelings from the rest of the population.
Toward an integrated theory of spatial morphology and resilient urban systems

We take the first step in the development of a new field of research with the aim of merging spatial morphology and resilience science. This involves a revisiting and reunderstanding of the meaning of sustainable urban form. We briefly describe the fields of resilience science and spatial morphology. Drawing on a selected set of propositions in both fields, we put urban form in the context of the adaptive renewal cycle, a dynamic framework model used in resilience science to capture the dynamics of complex adaptive systems, of which urban systems are prime examples. We discuss the insights generated in this endeavor, dealing with some key morphological aspects in relation to four key attributes of resilience, i.e., “change,” “diversity,” “self-organization,” and “learning. ” We discuss and relate these to urban form and other social variables, with special attention paid to the “backloop phase” of the adaptive renewal cycle. We conclude by postulating ways in which resilience thinking could contribute to the development of a new research frontier for addressing designs for resilient urban social-ecological systems, and end by proposing three strategic areas of research in such a field.
Transitions Within the n = 4 Complex of Kr VII Obtained from a Theta-Pinch Light Source

The spectrum of six times ionized krypton (Kr VII) has been observed in the 430-1000 A wavelength range and 23 lines have been identified as transitions between levels of the 4s2, 4s4d, 4p2 and 4s4p configurations. For 13 of the lines the classification is new. Revised values are proposed for three levels while for the rest the uncertainty in the existing level values has been considerably decreased. The results are supported by isoelectronic comparisons along the Zn I isoelectronic sequence. The configurations are interpreted by fitting the theoretical energy expressions to the observed energy levels using least-squares techniques. The parameter values are compared with results from Hartree-Fock calculations.
Comparative Study on Nutritional Composition of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus Fr.) Cultivated on Different Sawdust Substrates

Effects of various sawdust substrates, namely Fig tree (T2), Rain Tree (T3), Mahogany tree (T4), Ipil ipil tree (T5), Eucalyptus tree (T6) and mixture of all sawdust (T1), supplemented with 30% wheat bran and 1% lime were analyzed on the growth and nutritional composition of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom. The highest amount of carbohydrate (42.36%), calcium (31.98 mg/100g) and magnesium (19.85 mg/100g) were found in the T4 sawdust substrate treated mushrooms. Whereas, moisture (90.20%), ash (13%), phosphorous (0.91%) and molybdenum (14.76 mg/100g) were highest for the T1 substrate treated mushrooms. The highest amount of dry matter (10.53%), lipid (4.46%), nitrogen (4.52%), iron (42.55 mg/100g), zinc (27.65 mg/100g) and selenium (6.77 mg/100g) were obtained for T2 substrate treatment. The highest amount of crude fiber (20.53%) and the lowest lipid (3.43%) was found for T6 substrate. Protein (27.30%) and potassium (1.28%) were found to be highest for T5 substrate treatment. However, the highest level of cobalt (22.40 mg/100g) was found for T3 substrate treatment. Among all aspects, best nutritional composition containing mushroom was grown on T2 sawdust substrate, followed by T1, T5, T6, T3 and T4.
Review of Political Violence : The Nigerian Experience of Youth in Political Violence

There has been much scholarly research all over the world on difference aspects of political violence such as on causes, sponsors, effects and etc. Violence may have various effects on human on elections and democracy as a system of government. But despites the numerous researches other research are still going on about political violence but yet there is no single literature that explains all patterns of political violence. As such there are persistence acts of political violence in developing countries like Africa and Nigeria in particular. It was against this background this paper using secondary data reviewed the existing literatures on political violence and explains the experience of youth involvement into political violence as a dynamic pattern of political violence in Nigeria. This paper also concludes that no literature on political violence that explains all patterns of political violence due to how it varies from society to society base on the levels of their economic and social developments. As such each needs to be studied independently with the view to understand their patterns. Furthermore, the paper recommends that other studies should be conducted to investigate the factors influencing youth into the acts political violence.
Hedges or safe havens—revisit the role of gold and USD against stock: a multivariate extended skew-t copula approach

Our paper concerns the question of whether there exist hedge assets during extreme market conditions, which has become increasingly important since the recent financial crisis. This paper develops a novel extended skew-t copula model to examine the effectiveness of gold and US dollar (USD) as hedge or safe haven asset against stock prices for seven developed markets over the 2000–2013 period. Our results indicate the existence of skewness and heavy/thin tails in the distributions of all three types of assets in most of the developed markets, lending support to the employment of flexible distributions to evaluate the tail dependences among assets. We find that USD is preferred to gold as a hedge asset during normal market conditions, while both assets can serve as safe haven assets for most countries when stock markets crash. Our simultaneous analysis of the three assets advises against a joint hedge strategy of gold and USD due to the high tail dependence between them during extreme market conditions. This result highlights the importance of simultaneous modelling of multiple assets in financial risk analysis.
Conformational disorder and energy migration in MEH-PPV with partially broken conjugation

In order to obtain a better understanding of the role of conformational disorder in the photophysics of conjugated polymers the ultrafast transient absorption anisotropy of partially deconjugated MEH-PPV has been measured. These data have been compared to the corresponding kinetics of Monte Carlo–simulated polymer chains, and estimates of the energy hopping time and energy migration distances for the polymers have been obtained. We find that the energy migration in the investigated MEH-PPV is approximately 3 times faster than in previously studied polythiophenes. We attribute this to a more disordered chain conformation in MEH-PPV.
Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of model hypoxia estimates for the Texas-Louisiana shelf

[1] Numerical ocean models are becoming increasingly important tools for marine research and for management of marine resources. It is therefore crucial that uncertainty in model predictions and model sensitivity to errors in the model inputs be quantified. We performed a combined sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for a realistic physical-biological model of the Texas-Louisiana shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The model simulates the major physical and biological processes involved in the formation of the hypoxic zone that develops on the shelf every summer. With the help of a statistical emulator technique, we introduced uncertainty in selected model inputs and assessed the effects of these uncertainties on the predicted development and spatial distribution of bottom hypoxia. The uncertain inputs we examined belong to two categories: (i) biological inputs including river nutrient concentration, phytoplankton growth rate and initial and boundary conditions of biological variables, and (ii) physical inputs including freshwater river runoff, wind forcing, and mixing coefficients. We show that uncertainty in different inputs has distinct effects on model output which vary in magnitude, time, and space. Uncertainty in physical inputs was found to have a strong impact on estimates of hypoxia, e.g., hypoxic area estimates vary by more than 40%, due to a 20% variation in the freshwater river runoff.
Effect of transplantation of cell suspension from embryonic nervous tissue and bone marrow on postischemic cerebral angiogenesis and restoration of limb motor function in rats with experimental ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Dispite the progress of medical knowledge and technologies, the rate of permanent neurological impairment in patients after stroke remains high and effective strategy of restorative treatment is still at the stage of experimental development. Restoration of nervous system functions after stroke implies the activation of endogenous reparative processes, such as angiogenesis, using sources of regenerative medicine, including cell and tissue transplantation. Development of optimal and safe methods of neurotransplantation for stroke is one of the priorities of experimental research in this field. PURPOSE: to study the effect of post-stroke angiogenesis, stimulated by transplantation of cell suspension from embryonic nervous tissue (TCS-ENT) and bone marrow (TCS-BM), on restoration of motor functions in rats with experimental stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 160 adult (3-4 months old) outbred albino rats weighing between 280-320 g were divided into groups and subgroups depending on the experimental procedure: with isolated middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), intracerebral allotransplantation of cell suspension from embryonic nervous tissue (MCAO + TCS-ENT), intracerebral autotransplantation of cell suspension from bone marrow (MCAO + TCS-BM) or phosphate-buffered 0.9 % saline infusion (MCAO + PBS) on the 2nd day after MCAO. MCAO was conducted using the modified method of intraluminal monofilament occlusion with blocking of collaterals. Volume of infarction zone was estimated using TTC staining on 7th and 14th day (n = 5 from each group on each day), number of vessels in periinfarct zone was calculated by immunohistochemical staining for CD34 on 7th, 14th and 28th day (n = 6 from each group on each day) after MCAO. Motor deficit was assessed by ledged tapered beam-walking test on 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after MCAO (n = 18 from each group on each day). RESULTS. TCS-BM caused the increase in the number of vessels in the periinfarct zone in dynamics, most prominent on 28th day, and decrease in the volume of infarction zone in comparison with other experimental groups, starting on 7th day after MCAO. TCS-ENT and TCS-BM resulted in regression of motor deficit, starting from 3rd and till 28th day after MCAO. The degree of limb motor asymmetry in rats negatively correlated with the number of vessels in periinfarct zone. CONCLUSION. Transplantation of cell suspension from embryonic nervous tissue and bone marrow promotes the regression of motor impairments in experimental animals due to angiogenic effect, which is more prominent in case of TCS-BM.
Kama Muta: Similar Emotional Responses to Touching Videos Across the United States, Norway, China, Israel, and Portugal

Ethnographies, histories, and popular culture from many regions around the world suggest that marked moments of love, affection, solidarity, or identification everywhere evoke the same emotion. Based on these observations, we developed the kama muta model, in which we conceptualize what people in English often label being moved as a culturally implemented social-relational emotion responding to and regulating communal sharing relations. We hypothesize that experiencing or observing sudden intensification of communal sharing relationships universally tends to elicit this positive emotion, which we call kama muta. When sufficiently intense, kama muta is often accompanied by tears, goosebumps or chills, and feelings of warmth in the center of the chest. We tested this model in seven samples from the United States, Norway, China, Israel, and Portugal. Participants watched short heartwarming videos, and after each video reported the degree, if any, to which they were “moved,” or a translation of this term, its valence, appraisals, sensations, and communal outcome. We confirmed that in each sample, indicators of increased communal sharing predicted kama muta; tears, goosebumps or chills, and warmth in the chest were associated sensations; and the emotion was experienced as predominantly positive, leading to feeling communal with the characters who evoked it.
Poseidon : An Efficient Communication Interface for Distributed Deep Learning on GPU Clusters

Deep learning models can take weeks to train on a single GPU-equipped machine, necessitating scaling out DL training to a GPU-cluster. However, current distributed DL implementations can scale poorly due to substantial parameter synchronization over the network, because the high throughput of GPUs allows more data batches to be processed per unit time than CPUs, leading to more frequent network synchronization. We present Poseidon, an efficient communication interface for distributed DL on GPUs. Poseidon exploits the layered model structures in DL programs to overlap communication and computation, reducing bursty network communication. Moreover, Poseidon uses a hybrid communication scheme that optimizes the number of bytes required to synchronize each layer, according to layer properties and the number of machines. We show that Poseidon is applicable to different DL frameworks, by implementing Poseidon into Caffe and TensorFlow, and showing that, with Poseidon, both Caffe and TensorFlow can achieve 15.5x speed-up on VGG19-22K network for image classification using 16 single-GPU machines, even under limited bandwidth (10GbE). In particular, Poseidon-enabled TensorFlow achieves 31.5x speed-up with 32 single-GPU machines on Inception-V3, a 50% improvement over the original TensorFlow (20x speed-up). The software is available at http://poseidon-release.readthedocs. io.