Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An overview of interpretive phenomenology as a research methodology.

AIM To provide an overview of interpretive phenomenology. BACKGROUND Phenomenology is a philosophy and a research approach. As a research approach, it is used extensively in nursing and 'interpretive' phenomenology is becoming increasingly popular. DATA SOURCES Online and manual searches of relevant books and electronic databases were undertaken. REVIEW METHODS Literature review on papers on phenomenology, research and nursing (written in English) was undertaken. DISCUSSION A brief outline of the origins of the concept, and the influence of 'descriptive' phenomenology on the development of interpretive phenomenology is provided. Its aim, origins and philosophical basis, including the core concepts of dasein, fore-structure/pre-understanding, world view existential themes and the hermeneutic circle, are described and the influence of these concepts in phenomenological nursing research is illustrated. CONCLUSION This paper will assist readers when deciding whether interpretive phenomenology is appropriate for their research projects. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH/PRACTICE This paper adds to the discussion on interpretive phenomenology and helps inform readers of its use as a research methodology.
Land‐use legacies regulate decomposition dynamics following bioenergy crop conversion

Land‐use conversion into bioenergy crop production can alter litter decomposition processes tightly coupled to soil carbon and nutrient dynamics. Yet, litter decomposition has been poorly described in bioenergy production systems, especially following land‐use conversion. Predicting decomposition dynamics in postconversion bioenergy production systems is challenging because of the combined influence of land‐use legacies with current management and litter quality. To evaluate how land‐use legacies interact with current bioenergy crop management to influence litter decomposition in different litter types, we conducted a landscape‐scale litterbag decomposition experiment. We proposed land‐use legacies regulate decomposition, but their effects are weakened under higher quality litter and when current land use intensifies ecosystem disturbance relative to prior land use. We compared sites left in historical land uses of either agriculture (AG) or Conservation Reserve Program grassland (CRP) to those that were converted to corn or switchgrass bioenergy crop production. Enzyme activities, mass loss, microbial biomass, and changes in litter chemistry were monitored in corn stover and switchgrass litter over 485 days, accompanied by similar soil measurements. Across all measured variables, legacy had the strongest effect (P < 0.05) relative to litter type and current management, where CRP sites maintained higher soil and litter enzyme activities and microbial biomass relative to AG sites. Decomposition responses to conversion depended on legacy but also current management and litter type. Within the CRP sites, conversion into corn increased litter enzymes, microbial biomass, and litter protein and lipid abundances, especially on decomposing corn litter, relative to nonconverted CRP. However, conversion into switchgrass from CRP, a moderate disturbance, often had no effect on switchgrass litter decomposition parameters. Thus, legacies shape the direction and magnitude of decomposition responses to bioenergy crop conversion and therefore should be considered a key influence on litter and soil C cycling under bioenergy crop management.
Effect of Green Waste Compost Application on Afforesta tion Success

The impact of soil amelioration with green waste compost in the afforestation of depleted peat fields and sand pits was studied. Drilled planting holes (50 cm deep, 20 cm in diameter, 15.7 litres in volume) were filled with fertile compost soil. Containerized yearling seedlings of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. , Betula pendula Roth and Populus tremula (L.) × P. tremuloides Mischx. or barerooted ones of Alnus incana (L.) Moench were planted into the compost-filled planting holes (test seedlings) and control seedlings into untreated soil. The test growth period lasted for three consecutive growing seasons in 2012–2014. Compost increased significantly the total three-year height growth of the test seedlings compared to the control ones on the depleted peat mine test site in all four species studied. A significant increase in the total three-year height growth of the test seedlings compared to control ones was also observed in black alder on the sandy loam and sand test sites. A high mortality rate was observed on the sand test site among control seedlings of black alder and among silver birch and hybrid aspen, both test and control seedlings. An irrigation test on sandy loam test site (2014) gave significantly improved height growth to the tested black alder seedlings.
School hierarchies : performance and popularity

This article presents the results of a research that aimed at identifying the presence of a double hierarchical structure in school, the official and unofficial hierarchies. The official hierarchy is characterized by good performance of students in academic subjects. Through it, knowledge is transmitted to students and they develop skills for social interactions, insertion in the labor market and overall progress. However, the educational system contributes to the creation and maintenance of an unofficial hierarchy. Students considered physically stronger, shrewd and popular and those considered physically fragile, less shrewd and unpopular represent this type of hierarchy. Based on a competitive capitalist society, this double hierarchical structure indicates forms of competition during the schooling period. The research sought to verify the existence of these hierarchies and if they are maintained by the students along their schooling period, from middle school to higher education. The official hierarchy was identified by school performance; the unofficial hierarchy was identified by performance in team sports, dating and popularity. A scale was applied to 135 students from public universities who rated their performance through self-assessment. Self-assessment of the performance in sports remains the same in the three levels of education; academic performance is distinguished between middle and high school and higher education. Social skills and popularity receive the same treatment as academic performance, since they seem to change their attributes throughout schooling. Fundamentally, the results confirm the existence of the two school hierarchies, which has consequences for society and for the development of the individual regarding, especially, what kind of performances are valued and devalued in both hierarchies.
Odonata of the Romanian Carpathians with notes on Somatochlora alpestris and on the first Romanian record of Aeshna subarctica ( Odonata : Corduliidae , Aeshnidae )

The Odonata fauna of the Romanian Carpathians was investigated during a summer expedition from 18-viito 14-viii-2009. The work was mostly focused on boreo-alpine species. It is demonstrated that Somatochlora alpestris is present in all parts of the Romanian Carpathians. Aeshna subarctica has been detected in Romania for the first time. The corresponding record represents the first known occurrence of this species in a rather large area. Aeshna juncea is much more widespread in the region than has been known before. Aeshna cyanea is present and abundant in forested areas. Sympetrum danae has been recorded for the first time in the Romanian western Carpathians.
Coccolithophore flux in a sediment trap off Cape Blanc (NW Africa).

The flux of coccoliths from a one-year-moored sediment trap (March, 1988 to March, 1989) off Cape Blanc, NW Africa (20 ̊45’N, 19 ̊44’W) was studied. Coccolith flux was at a minimum during spring and fall. The minimum flux (51x107 coccoliths m-2d-1) in fall (September) corresponds to a strong decrease in nutrient content of the surface-waters. In winter, coccolith flux reached maximum values (384x107 coccoliths m-2d-1). At that time, insolation, wind velocity, and sea-surface temperature had average values, indicating average nutrient content and average light penetration into surface-waters. Detailed morphometric measurements were the basis for more precise estimations of the coccolith-derived carbonate content of the settled particles. Numerically significant taxa (Emiliania huxleyi, Florisphaera profunda, Gephyrocapsa oceanica), as well as low flux of large taxa, such as Helicosphaera carteri, Coccolithus pelagicus and Calcidiscus leptoporus, mainly form the coccolith carbonate contribution, which adds up to 13.32mg m-2d-1 (3.9-22.8mg m-2d-1), with a relative contribution of coccoliths to the total carbonate flux of 18% (7-35%). The morphometric measurements further revealed a bimodal distribution of F. profunda allowing separation of two morphotypes, F. profunda var. profunda and F. profunda var. elongata. The modern sediment-trap assemblage revealed a good correspondence with respect to coccolith flux (accumulation), species composition and the coccolith-derived carbonate content with the underlying Holocene surface sediment.
Numerical Investigation of Flow Field of a Non-Circular Cylinder

Article history: Received 27 February 2019 Received in revised form 24 April 2019 Accepted 18 May 2019 Available online 20 May 2019 The study of the base flow field or the flow field in the wake region is not accessible by using only a theoretical method; mostly this study has been done experimentally. The problem statement of this study is to know the effect of flow past of a non-circular cylinder on the drag. At high Reynolds number, the flow past a bluff body is characterized by a large wake zone. Therefore, drag reduction of the flow field is an interesting problem with a wide range of application. The present paper presents the numerical simulation of the flow field of a non-circular cylinder. The shielding effect of the square-plate front body on the flow field of drag reduction and the pressure distribution of a three-dimensional bluff body is simulated by using a numerical method. The results obtained from the simulation are compared with the experimental results. The results indicate that the side faces and the rear faces are subjected to low pressure, whereas the front face is experiencing high positive pressure. With this flow pattern, the pressure drag coefficient assumes a substantially significant value in the range of 1.0 1.42. Such a high value of drag coefficient is particularly valid for bluff bodies with noncircular cross-sections with sharp corners.
Knowledge Creation and Cooperation between Cross-nation R&D Institutes

The advantage of a cross-nation R&D cooperative project for businesses is that such a project can integrate and combine the technological capabilities of different countries through global linking, so that they can exchange, learn, and transform knowledge, thus enhancing the quality of innovative products or technologies as well as speeding up their adoption. This study explores the impact of different patterns of knowledge combination on cross-nation R&D cooperation. We focus on four cross-nation cooperative projects. A total of eight observational cases were the subjects of our research. We propose that knowledge combination can be classified into two patterns: knowledge fusion and knowledge reconfiguration. Cross-nation R&D cooperation tends to be the pattern of knowledge diffusion in the initial stage. With the increase of mutual interaction, the degree of knowledge fusion will increase gradually. Finally, cross-nation R&D cooperation will generate a significant influence on the subsequent research projects by increasing the depth of the research.
The cause(s) of myopia and the efforts that have been made to prevent it

In spite of a long history of study, as well as a significant, recent increase in research attention, the cause(s) and the means of preventing or mitigating the progression of myopia in children are still elusive. The high and growing prevalence of myopia, especially in Asian populations, as well as its progressive nature in children and its effect on visual acuity, have contributed to the recent surge in interest. Animal research carried out in the 1970s also helped spark this interest by legitimising the study of environmental influences on the refractive development of the eye. Efforts that include the use of visual training or biofeedback, bifocal and progressive lenses, contact lenses and pharmaceuticals are reviewed. Current research trends that focus on the relationship between genetics and environment, as well as studies, both animal and human, that explore the effect of peripheral refractive error on the refractive development of the central retina are also reviewed.
Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia with Ph1 Negative Cells in Bone Marrow and a Ten Year Remission after Busulphan Hypoplasia

Summary. Following busulphan‐induced bone marrow insufficiency a patient with chronic granulocytic leukaemia has had a remission lasting 10 yr. During this time repeated chromosome studies on bone marrow have shown the persistence of a majority of Ph1 negative cells. The relationship of this finding to the unusually long remission is discussed.
CDKL5 gene‐related epileptic encephalopathy: electroclinical findings in the first year of life

Aim Cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) gene abnormalities cause an early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy. We performed video‐electroencephalography (video‐EEG) monitoring early in the course of CDKL5‐related epileptic encephalopathy in order to examine the early electroclinical characteristics of the condition.
Usage of insecure E-mail services among researchers with different scientific background.

AIM Free web‑based e-mail services are considered to have more security flaws than institutional ones, but they are frequently used among scientific researchers for professional communication. The aim of this study was to analyze frequency of usage of the insecure free e-mail services for professional communication among biomedical, economical and technical researchers, who published papers in one of three different journals: Croatian Medical Journal, Automatika and Economic Research. METHODS Contact details of the authors who provided their e‑mail address from the papers published in those three journals during one year period were collected. These e‑mail addresses were collected from the electronic archive of the journals in question. The domains of all e‑mail addresses were assessed and contacts were categorized into three groups according to the following types: world-wide known free web‑based e‑mail services, national Internet Service Provider (ISP) e-mail services, and institutional or corporate e-mail addresses. RESULTS The proportion of authors using free web-based e-mail services, the least secure group type, was highest among biomedical researchers (17.8%) while every e‑mail address collected from the technical journal belonged to the secured institutional e‑mail group type. CONCLUSIONS It seems that all researchers from the technical scientific field and most of the researchers from the economical field value good security practice and use more secure systems for professional communication. High percentage of the biomedical researchers who use insecure e‑mail services may mean that they need to be warned of the possible security disadvantages of those kinds of e‑mail addresses.
Detecting Malingered Pain-Related Disability: Classification Accuracy of the Test of Memory Malingering

This study used criterion groups validation to determine the accuracy of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in detecting malingered pain-related disability (MPRD) across a range of cutoffs in chronic pain patients undergoing psychological evaluation (n = 604). Data from patients with traumatic brain injury (n = 45) and dementia (n = 59) are presented for comparison. TOMM scores decreased and failure rates increased as a function of greater external evidence of intentional under-performance. The TOMM detected from 37.5% to 60.2% of MPRD patients, depending on the cutoff. False positive (FP) error rates ranged from 0% to 5.1%. Accuracy data for Trial 1 are also reported. In chronic pain the original cutoffs produced no FP errors but were associated with high false negative error rates. Higher cutoffs increased sensitivity without adversely affecting specificity. The relevance of these findings to research and clinical practice is discussed.
Hepatic Insulin Gene Therapy in Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease resulting in destruction of the pancreatic β‐cells in the islets of Langerhans. Commonly employed treatment of IDDM requires periodic insulin therapy, which is not ideal because of its inability to prevent chronic complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Although pancreas or islet transplantation are effective treatments that can reverse metabolic abnormalities and prevent or minimize many of the chronic complications of IDDM, their usefulness is limited as a result of shortage of donor pancreas organs. Gene therapy as a novel field of medicine holds tremendous therapeutic potential for a variety of human diseases including IDDM. This review focuses on the liver‐based gene therapy for generation of surrogate pancreatic β‐cells for insulin replacement because of the innate ability of hepatocytes to sense and metabolically respond to changes in glucose levels and their high capacity to synthesize and secrete proteins. Recent advances in the use of gene therapy to prevent or regenerate β‐cells from autoimmune destruction are also discussed.
A Qualitative Inquiry into the Factors Influencing EFL Learners' In-Class Willingness to Communicate in English.

Anahtar sözcükler İngilizce iletişim kurma istekliliği, sınıf içi ikinci dilde iletişim kurma istekliliği, İngilizceyi yabancı bir dil olarak öğrenen öğrenciler, nitel içerik analizi İngilizceyi Yabancı Bir Dil Olarak Öğrenen Öğrencilerin Sınıf İçi İngilizce İletişim Kurma İstekliliğini Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Nitel Bir İnceleme Öz: Bu çalışma yabancı bir dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen öğrencilerin sınıf içi İngilizce iletişim kurma istekliliğini etkileyen faktörlere ilişkin algılarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen katılımcılar, Balıkesir Üniversitesi’nde İngilizce dersini almış 32 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Nitel araştırma deseninin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, veri toplama işlemi yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler nitel içerik analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, öğrencilerin sınıf içi İngilizce iletişim kurma istekliliğinin sınıf arkadaşları, öğretim yöntemleri, öğretmen, sınıf atmosferi, kullanılan materyaller, sınıf mevcudu, yabancı dil motivasyonu, dalga geçilme korkusu, yabancı dil kaygısı, hata yapma korkusu, konuya olan ilgi, konu aşinalığı, çekingenlik, içe dönüklük, kelime bilgisi, telaffuz, konuşma pratiği, algılanan iletişim yetkinliği ve geçmiş iletişim deneyimleri gibi çeşitli faktörler tarafından etkilendiğini göstermiştir. Sonuçlar ışığında, bazı pedagojik çıkarımlarda bulunulmuş ve gelecek çalışmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur. Abstract: This study aims to examine English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ perceptions of the factors influencing their in-class willingness to communicate (WTC) in English. Having been selected through criterion sampling method, the participants consisted of 32 undergraduate EFL learners who took the English course at Balıkesir University in Balıkesir, Turkey. In this study, which employed qualitative research design, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data generated from the interviews were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The results of the study showed that learners’ in-class WTC in English is affected by a variety of factors including classmates, instructional methods, teacher, classroom atmosphere, materials, class size, L2 motivation, fear of being ridiculed, L2 anxiety, fear of making mistakes, topic interest, topic familiarity, shyness, introversion, vocabulary knowledge, pronunciation, practice, self-perceived communication competence and past communication experience. In light of the results, some pedagogical implications were provided and suggestions for further research were given. Article information Submission 06/02/2019 Revision received 10/03/2019 Acceptance 28/03/2019
Comparative Study of Helical Blade PFN and Double Hip Screw PFN for Intertrochanteric Fracture Fixation

Background and Objectives: Hip fractures are becoming more prevalent due to increased lifespan and osteoporosis. Proximal femoral nailing is the preferred method of treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures. There are two types of constructs in proximal femoral nailing; one is a double sliding screw and the other is single antirotation screw or a single helical blade for proximal fragment fixation. This study compares the single screw and double screw constructs for treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Patient reported outcomes and radiological union of the fractures have been used as outcomes measures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of Thirty patients treated for intertrochanteric fractures using the proximal femoral nails have been considered, 10 of them had single helical blade nailing and 20 had nailing with a double screw construct. Patients were asked to take an over the phone survey that evaluated their condition through four categories; mobility, pain, sleep and complications by an independent observer who was not involved in the patient’s care. Results and Conclusion: It was found that helical blade fixation was superior to screw fixation in the categories of mobility and complications. However, there was no significant difference between the nailing systems in pain and sleep categories. This finding indicates that although helical proximal femoral nails prove to have some benefits over the screw proximal femoral nails, further research is needed to investigate which nailing is the best treatment option.
Food for Thought How to make progress in projecting climate change impacts

William W. L. Cheung1*, Daniel Pauly2, and Jorge L. Sarmiento3 Changing Ocean Research Unit and Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Fisheries Centre, 2204 Main Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada Sea Around Us Project, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, 300 Forrestal Road, Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 *Corresponding Author: tel: +1 604 827 3756; fax: +1 604 822 8934; e-mail: w.cheung@fisheries.ubc. ca