Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer—A Biological Approach*

There is still an active body of opinion that would regard cancer as a parasitic disease due to infection of cells by extrinsic viruses. Such an attitude has the great attraction that it suggests straightforward approaches to the prevention of cancer by immunological methods and holds out more hope of an eventual effective chemotherapy. As various writers have pointed out, the claim that some neoplastic processes are due to virus infection is not inconsistent with a recognition of the overriding importance of somatic mutation. Any claim that all cancers are of infective character is unjustified and frankly absurd in the present state of knowledge. It has never been easy to define a virus, and the recognition of provirus in bacteria, with the convincing evidence that it is intimately built into the host's genetic mechanism, has now made it even more difficult. Any definition must cover the fact that there are two very different systems from each of which by appropriate manipulations a continuing sequence of typical virus infections may be produced. These are respectively the infective particle and the infected host cell. A virus, in the conventionally understood form of a population of infective virus particles, can be defined as a self-replicating agent or organism smaller than bacteria and capable of multiplication only within living susceptible host cells. It may be desirable to add certain qualifications when we have to discuss demonstrable or hypothetical self-replicating subcellular entities. A virus particle must be shown to carry specific patterns in protein and nucleic acid which are different from those of the host cell and which are not derived genetically from the host species or any species related to it. At a certain stage of infection, host cells may contain no virus demonstrable by the classic method of breaking up the cell and inoculating the product into other susceptible cells. There is other evidence that at this stage the cells do not contain formed virus particles. Under certain circumstances this phase may be prolonged. Its existence can be recognized either by providing a situation where infective virus particles will develop and be identified by standard methods or by demonstrating specific virus antigen in or liberated from the cells. In general a virus (in the sense covering both the infective and vegetative phases) can be recognized only if it produces cytopathogenic effects in some type of host. It is by no means necessary, however, that intracellular
An investigation into the effectiveness of computer mediated conferences, focusing on aspects of student teacher reflective practices and professional socialisation

This study investigated how effectively student teachers engaged in reflective practices within on-line discussion forums, and the potential of these forums to encourage professional socialisation. The participants in this study were a cohort of post-graduate students at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth, who were studying a full-time one-year course, the Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE), with the aim of becoming qualified teachers in post-primary schools. This study used both quantitative and qualitative research methods within a case study approach and utilised on-line questionnaires, focus group discussions, semi-formal interviews and an examination of the messages posted in the tutorial on-line forums using the analytic methods of interpretative phenomenology, discourse analysis and grounded theory. This project referenced a number of methods used in other studies to identify, measure and categorise the reflective activities of the student teachers in the on-line forums. The result of this work has led to a modified approach that identified additional categories to more appropriately identify and measure the student teachers' reflective practices. The outcome of identifying these new reflective categories could offer the on-line tutor an alternative focus for their on-line teaching of reflection and their encouragement and development of the students' reflective activities. In addition, this study identified how the student teachers' experience and socialisation within the on-line discussion forums helped them to develop their thoughts, values, attitudes and beliefs about the profession they hoped to join and so developed and supported their professional socialisation. The findings from this study highlight implications for the use of on-line forums as a pedagogic tool in developing reflective and professional socialisation practices and a number of recommendations are presented. This is followed by some suggestions and directions for future research.
Comparison of protein–protein interactions in serine protease‐inhibitor and antibody‐antigen complexes: Implications for the protein docking problem

The protein‐protein interaction energy of 12 nonhomologous serine protease‐inhibitor and 15 antibody‐antigen complexes is calculated using a molecular mechanics formalism and dissected in terms of the main‐chain vs. side‐chain contribution, nonrotameric side‐chain contributions, and amino acid residue type involvement in the interface interaction.
Antenatal detection of abnormal liver function tests - a marker for poor perinatal outcome

The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the incidence of liver disease diagnosed in our antenatal population, (b) the diagnostic value of initial symptoms and liver function tests (LFTs), (c) the adequacy of investigation and management of the liver disorder and (d) the obstetric and neonatal outcome in this group of patients. Women with abnormal LFTs that delivered at our hospital over a 2-year period were identified from computerised hospital records and data was obtained from chart review. Forty-six out of a total of 13 181 (0.35%) women had liver disease diagnosed in pregnancy: Diagnoses included intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (13), pre-eclampsia and the HELLP syndrome (eight), acute fatty liver of pregnancy (three), hyperemesis gravidarum (one), hepatitis C (13), B (four) and hepatitis A (one), cholelithiasis (two) and hepatitis of unknown aetiology (one). Symptoms at presentation were more predictive of the final diagnosis than the initial LFT profile. Investigation of the liver disorder was incomplete in 50% of cases.One mother required intensive care for 6 weeks postpartum and three others had significant postpartum haemorrhage. There was one neonatal death and 24 neonates were admitted to the special care baby unit. Eighteen women attended for their postnatal check up at 6 weeks. Eight of these women were referred to a hepatologist. Detection of liver disease in pregnancy identifies a group at risk of poor neonatal and maternal outcome. Structured guidelines should be implemented in obstetric units to facilitate appropriate investigation, treatment and referral patterns for these women.
Testing of Badminton-Specific Endurance

Abstract Madsen, CM, Højlyng, M, and Nybo, L. Testing of badminton-specific endurance. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2582–2590, 2016—In the present study, a novel intermittent badminton endurance (B-ENDURANCE) test was developed and tested in elite (n = 17) and skilled (n = 9) badminton players and in age-matched physically active men (nonbadminton players; n = 8). In addition, B-ENDURANCE test-retest reproducibility was evaluated in 9 badminton players. The B-ENDURANCE test is an incremental test where each level consists of repeated sequences of badminton-specific actions toward the 4 corners of the court. The subject starts in the center of the court in front of a computer screen and within each sequence, he must, in a randomized order, complete 8 actions as dictated by the computer, providing the audiovisual input and verifying that the appropriate sensor is activated within the allocated time. Recovery time between each sequence is 10 seconds throughout the test, but the time to complete each sequence is gradually decreased until the subjects cannot follow the dictated tempo. The B-ENDURANCE test performance for elite players was better (p ⩽ 0.05) compared with the skilled players and nonbadminton players. In addition, the B-ENDURANCE test performance correlated (r = 0.8 and p < 0.0001) with elite players' national single rankings. Test-retest coefficient of variation was 7.9% between the first 2 trials (i.e., without a familiarization trial) but reduced to 2.5% when comparing the second and third trials. In conclusion, the B-ENDURANCE test is relevant for the evaluation of badminton-specific endurance but at least 1 familiarization trial is recommended if the test is used for evaluation of longitudinal changes, e.g., tracking training effects.
Asymmetric Adjustment in Efficiency Wage Models

Explanations for the existence of significant and persistent unemployment have taken up much of macroeconomists' human capital over the last half century. While the list of potential candidates is long, a promising strand of research has evolved that focuses attention on the relationship between workers' relative wage levels and their corresponding productivity levels. This segment of the efficiency wage literature maintains that firms are motivated to pay higher relative wages in order to attain higher productivity. For example, the gift-exchange model (Akerlof, 1982; Solow, 1979) maintains that firms purchase increased levels of productivity by offering workers a gift of increased relative wages. In return, workers reciprocate with increased effort levels and, therefore, increased productivity. Similar behavioral relationships exist for shirking and labor turnover variants. Naturally, given the subject's relative importance, numerous empirical investigations have been produced. Recently, these have centered on two specific restrictions these models place on the behavior of firm or industry production. In contrast to assumed neoclassical behavior, these models maintain that both the rate of unemployment and the level of the relative wage influence the firm's or industry's production function. The relative importance of these variables has been shown by numerous authors and within various levels of data. For example, Huang et al. (1998) use two-digit SIC data and report results consistent with both variables directly influencing the industry's level of production. Levine (1992) extends the results to include firm-level North American manufacturing (the PIMS data set) levels of production. Finally, Wadhwani and Wall (1991) find similar results within firm-level U.K. manufacturing data.
Combination of Erythropoietin and Tranexamic Acid in Bilateral Simultaneous Total HIP Arthroplasty: A Randomised, Controlled Trial

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate whether the combination of erythropoietin (EPO) and tranexamic acid (TXA) exerted any additional benefits on the number of blood transfusions required and haematological parameters compared with TXA alone following primary bilateral simultaneous total hip arthroplasty. Materials and methods We conducted a single-centre, prospective, randomised, and controlled trial at our hospital. Group EPO + TXA (n = 30) received daily subcutaneous injections EPO (10,000 IU) on preoperative days 1-4 and postoperative days 1-3. Additionally, these patients were administered TXA (15 mg/kg) 10 min prior to the incision. Group TXA (n = 32) received only TXA (15 mg/kg) 10 min prior to the incision. The primary outcomes were the haematological parameters and number of blood transfusions required. The secondary outcomes were total blood loss, drainage volume, and postoperative complications. Results The total amount of blood transfusion and mean blood transfusion per patient was lower in group EPO + TXA than in group TXA (p = 0.039, p = 0.023; respectively). In the postoperative period, patients in group EPO + TXA had higher haematological parameters (haemoglobin, haematocrit, and reticulocyte count) than patients in group TXA. No significant differences were found in total blood loss, drainage volume, and DVT or PE between the 2 groups. Conclusions This study showed that administrating EPO + TXA in combination can increase haematological parameters and reduce the need for blood transfusion without increasing the risk of DVT or PE compared with TXA alone.
Manipulating melatonin in managing mood

Disturbances in circadian rhythms have been associated with major depression and may be an underlying mechanism for the disorder. Resynchronisation of circadian rhythms may provide a new approach to treatment, especially by manipulating melatonin secretion. Melatonin is secreted at night and is a stable marker of circadian rhythms. The timing of its secretion can be changed by exogenous melatonin, agonism of specific melatonin receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, its suppression by light and by sleep deprivation.
Renoprotective Effects of Fenofibrate via Modulation of LKB1/AMPK mRNA Expression and Endothelial Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy

This study was conducted to investigate whether the renoprotective effects of fenofibrate are mediated via attenuation of endothelial dysfunction and modulating the mRNA expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg kg-1). Fenofibrate (100 mg kg-1, p.o.) was given to diabetic rats daily for 12 weeks. Treatment with fenofibrate significantly improved the renal function as revealed by the significant reductions in urinary albumin excretion and serum levels of creatinine and urea, in addition to the significant increase in creatinine clearance compared with the diabetic control group. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage was ameliorated by treatment with fenofibrate as indicated by the significantly increased levels of glutathione and catalase together with the significant decrease in lipid peroxidation. Administration of fenofibrate caused significant increases in renal nitric oxide (NO) production and mRNA expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), AMPK and LKB1, reflecting improvement of endothelial function. Our results give further insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective role of fenofibrate in DN via modulation of AMPK, LKB1 and eNOS mRNA expression.
Diagnostic and prognostic role of procalcitonin (PCT) and MR‐pro‐Adrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) in bacterial infections

Rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections is crucial for adequate antibiotic treatment. Serum molecules such as Procalcitonin (PCT) have been used as biomarkers of infection. Recently, the mid‐regional pro‐Adrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) has been evaluated in combination with PCT for sepsis diagnosis. The diagnostic role of PCT and MR‐proADM both in sepsis and in localized infections together with their contribution to effective antibiotic therapy has been evaluated. One hundred and eighty‐two patients with bacterial infection has been enrolled: PCT and MR‐proADM were measured at admission (T = 0), at 12–24 h (T = 1) and in the third or fifth day of antibiotic therapy (T = 3–5). ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic) and post‐test probability were calculated. MR‐proADM increased with the severity of the infection. PCT resulted significantly higher in sepsis than localized infection. After antibiotic therapy, PCT significantly decreased in localized respiratory infections and in sepsis, while MR‐proADM decreased significantly after antibiotic therapy only in patients with severe sepsis/septic shock. The threshold values of PCT and MR‐proADM were >0.1 ng/mL and >0.8 nmol/L, respectively. The combined use of PCT and MR‐proADM increased the post‐test probability of the diagnosis of bacterial infections compared to PCT alone. In conclusion, PCT and MR‐proADM combination improves the diagnosis of bacterial infection and contribute to prognosis and antibiotic therapy effectiveness.
Comprehensive Power Control Performance Investigations of Resonant Inverter for Induction Metal Surface Hardening

Many types of steel are treated with heat to increase toughness and resistance to wear. Induction heating seems to be appropriate and provides several advantages in comparison with conventional techniques. In this paper, control techniques for full-bridge resonant inverter aimed to induction heating are evaluated comprehensively, through simulation and experiment, and compared to each other in terms of heating rate, efficiency and input power factor, using one metal sample hardened to 1 mm in depth up to 600 °C, with a 400 W power supply. These techniques are implemented digitally in way to allow a high-resolution power control. The simulation results obtained are satisfactory, and agree with those of the experiments. Furthermore, the study shows the control strategy based on frequency may not be sufficient, but should be associated with other control techniques in order to address appropriately the hardening process, bearing in mind processing time, efficiency and input power factor. The strategy with the input dc voltage and the pulse density modulation controls appear to suit the surface metal treating for large temperature variation, and enable the heating process to perform well when compared to the other techniques based on phase-shift and pulse width modulation duty cycle control.
Recent Developments in the Management of Brain Abscess*

considerably or completely relieved, and that the ps-chological benefits outweighed the disadvantages. As an example of the confusion and ignorance in the public mind, as the basis of so much fear and worry, it is worth noting the results of a recent questionary to the general public reported by Raven (1953)-17% thought cancer was infectious, 27% that it was incurable, and 20%e that it was of doubtful curability.
In utero exposure to mycophenolate mofetil: A characteristic phenotype?

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a widely prescribed immunosuppressive agent after solid organ transplantation. Potential teratogenic effects after in utero exposure to MMF in experimental studies and clinical observations in humans has been postulated in recent literature. However, a specific pattern of malformation has not been identified yet. We present a newborn patient, born to a recipient of renal transplantation, who became pregnant while taking MMF as immunosuppressive therapy. The newborn exhibited cleft lip and palate, bilateral microtia and atretic external auditory canals, chorioretinal coloboma, hypertelorism, and micrognathia. An extensive review of the literature documented six other cases with similar malformations after in utero exposure to MMF. A consistent pattern of malformations comprising cleft lip and palate, microtia and external auditory canals could be observed in five of the six cases. A different malformative pattern observed in one of the patients could be attributed to a different agent rather than MMF. The possible teratogenic effects of other immunosuppressive drugs, such as tacrolimus and prednisone, to which this patient was also exposed, are discussed herein. In addition, the differential diagnosis with other dysmorphic syndromes that can present with a similar phenotype, such as CHARGE syndrome, 18q deletion and hypertelorism‐microtia‐clefting (HMC) syndrome, is presented. We conclude that in utero exposure to MMF can cause a characteristic phenotype and propose the existence of a mycophenolate‐associated embryopathy whose main features are: cleft lip and palate, microtia with atresia of external auditory canal, micrognathia and hypertelorism. Ocular anomalies, corpus callosum agenesis, heart defects, kidney malformations, and diaphragmatic hernia may be part of the phenotypic spectrum of MMF embryopathy. The human teratogenicity of MMF is reinforced by this report, and the current contraceptive recommendations about its use in fertile women are stressed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analisis Perekonomian dan Kemiskinan di Indonesia

This article focused on analyze (1) The effect of consumption, investment, government spending, taxes, inflation, net exports and poverty on the economy in Indonesia, (2) The effect of the economy, inflation, government spending, wages, education and unemployment on poverty in Indonesia. This research is descriptive and associative. While this type of data is the documentary data, the data source is a secondary data as well as data in the form of time series from 1983 - 2013 in this study using a simultaneous equations model analysis with Two Stages Least Squared method (TSLS). Endogenous variables in the study is the economy and poverty. While exogenous variables are consumption, investment, government spending, inflation, net exports, taxes, wages, education and unemployment. The study concluded that (1) consumption, investment, government spending, net exports significantly affect poverty in the Indonesian economy. The increase in the consumption, investment, government spending, net exports and poverty reduction will lead to an increase in the Indonesian economy. If the decline in the consumption, investment, government spending, net exports and an increase in poverty will lead to a decrease in the Indonesian economy. While inflation and taxes are not a significant effect on the economy in Indonesia (2) The economy, government spending and unemployment significantly influence poverty in Indonesia. If the economy and government spending has increased and unemployment decreased, the poverty in Indonesia will decline. However, if the economy and government spending has decreased and unemployment has increased the poverty in Indonesia will increase. Meanwhile, inflation, wages and education had no significant effect on poverty in Indonesia. Keywords : Consumption, Investment, Government Spending, Taxes, Inflation, Net Export, Wages, Education, Unemployment, Economy and Poverty
Visual-spatial processing and working-memory load as a function of negative and positive psychotic-like experiences

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia show impairments in working-memory and visual-spatial processing, but little is known about the dynamic interplay between the two. To provide insight into this important question, we examined the effect of positive and negative symptom expressions in healthy adults on perceptual processing while concurrently performing a working-memory task that requires the allocations of various degrees of cognitive resources. Methods: The effect of positive and negative symptom expressions in healthy adults (N = 91) on perceptual processing was examined in a dual-task paradigm of visual-spatial working memory (VSWM) under three conditions of cognitive load: a baseline condition (with no concurrent working-memory demand), a low VSWM load condition, and a high VSWM load condition. Results: Participants overall performed more efficiently (i.e., faster) with increasing cognitive load. This facilitation in performance was unrelated to symptom expressions. However, participants with high-negative, low-positive symptom expressions were less accurate in the low VSWM condition compared to the baseline and the high VSWM load conditions. Conclusions: Attenuated, subclinical expressions of psychosis affect cognitive performance that is impaired in schizophrenia. The “resource limitations hypothesis” may explain the performance of the participants with high-negative symptom expressions. The dual-task of visual-spatial processing and working memory may be beneficial to assessing the cognitive phenotype of individuals with high risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.