Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of macrofauna functional traits and density in biogeochemical fluxes and bioturbation

The importance of different functional traits of macrobenthos in benthic processes of the Southern Bight of the North Sea was investigated to estimate the effects of density declines and species loss on benthic ecosystem functioning. Two laboratory experiments were performed: before (winter, temperature = 10°C) and after (summer, temperature = 18°C) sedimentation of the spring phytoplankton bloom. Single species treatments of key species (Abra alba, Lanice conchilega and Nephtys sp.) with different functional traits were added to microcosms at 3 density levels (natural, lower, lowest) to account for possible density declines. Sediment-water exchanges of oxygen and nutrients, denitrification and bioturbation were measured. In absence of fauna, benthic minerali- sation in the summer experiment was 2.0 times higher than in winter. Fauna stimulated microbial respiration more in summer (up to 100% in L. conchilega treatments) than in winter (negligible fauna effect). As chlorophyll a concentrations were similar in both seasons, the stronger fluxes in summer must be explained by a higher macrobenthic activity owing to the elevated temperature and better condition of the animals. Stimulation of mineralisation by the 3 species in the microcosms was different, and behaviour-related. Owing to its irrigation activity, the tube dweller L. conchilega had more pronounced influences on benthic respiration, nutrient release and denitrification than did the biodiffusers, A. alba and Nephtys sp. A. alba appeared to be a more effective bioturbator than Nephtys sp. Processes such as benthic respiration, nutrient fluxes, denitrification and bioturbation seem to be related to animal densities and therefore decreases in densities can possibly have impli- cations for ecosystem functioning.
Effect of Abattoir Activities on the Ground Waters around Bodija and Akinyele Abattoirs in Oyo State

This study was carried out to examine the effect of abattoir activities on ground waters around Bodija and Akinyele abattoirs in Oyo state. The work was premised on the fact that untreated wastes from the abattoir are discharged directly into open drainage which flows into a nearby stream. Sixty structural questionnaires were administered and retrievedin the study areas with thirty used in each of the two abattoirs. The survey shows that 100% of the abattoir operators in both abattoirs disposed wastes manually using spade, 90% sweep and wash the wastes into open drainages as 90% do treat their wastes before disposal at the dumping site. Physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of water samples from the well around the two abattoirs revealed no significant different in the two abattoirs. Turbidity, Total dissolved solid (TDS), and total suspended solid (TSS) were significantly higher in Akinyele abattoir than Bodija abattoir. Total coliform count (TCC) was 6.3x105 in the well around Bodija abattoir and was not significantly lower than that around Akinyele abattoir which was 7.6x105. Although Total aerobic count (2.1x106) was higher in the wells around Bodija than those around Akinyele (1.7x106) the result clearly shows that both total aerobic count and total coliform count are beyond the maximum permissible limits from bodies in charge of Health and Environment. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in Bodija (5.06) was also significantly higher than that of Akinyele (2.95). This result shows that more pollutants are present in the wells around Bodija abattoir. The high microbial load and its health implications confirm the need to enforce treatment of abattoir wastes before dumping into the environment and provision of portable water for the abattoir operators and the dwellers around the abattoirs.
Friction Drive Simulation of a SAW Motor with Slider Surface Texture Variation

Potential of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) linear motor had been demonstrated; high speed up to 1.5 m/s, huge output force more than 10 N, quick response and fine stepping motion down to 0.5 nm by using a 60 x 15 x 1 mm3 SAW device at 10 MHz operation frequency and 4x4 mm Si slider by experiments. Mechanical output of the SAW motor was 270 times larger that of the weight and 500 W/kg in power. The conversion efficiency from the traveling wave power to the motor mechanical output was 14 %. Now, transformation mechanism research from high frequency vibration of 10 to 100 MHz frequency range to mechanical linear motion through frictional drive is noteworthy. Contact, friction and other physical matters between a stator and slider are being studied for stable operation and much superior performance. The slider friction surface has a lot of projections to control the contact with the stator. From the experimental results, it was shown that the slider surface projection diameter has huge influence on the motor characteristics. If the total projection contacting surface areas were same, the output force, for example, varied with the projection diameter; smaller projection, for example 20 μm diameter, had superior performance than larger one. In this paper, numerical simulation of SAW motor friction drive was successfully carried out taking account the wave amplitude attenuation in propagation beneath slider projections.
Quality of Working Life Assessment among Train Drivers in Keshesh Section of Iran Railway

Quality of working life (QoWL) is the attitudes of employees towards their job, especially their work outcomes including job satisfaction, mental health, and safety which directly influence organizational outcomes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate train drivers' QoWL and determine its influencing factors. In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, QoWL was evaluated among 100 train drivers working in Keshesh section of Iran Railway. In this sense, WRQoL scale was used which assesses five factors of Control at Work, General Well-Being, Home-Work Interface, Job and Career Satisfaction, Stress at Work, and Working Conditions. Total score of QoWL was calculated and the effects of age, work experience, marital status, education, satisfaction with the salary, and satisfaction with the supervisor on the QoWL were assessed. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 18. Working Conditions and Home-Work Interface with the mean score of 1.37 and 2 were the most critical QoWL factors, respectively. Furthermore, no significant relations were observed between demographic and background variables and total score of QoWL. Overall, the quality of working life has obtained a low score among the understudy train drivers. Therefore, appropriate measures should be adopted in order to promote QoWL of this occupational group especially in two factors of Working Conditions and HomeWork Interface.
Are the Children of Uneducated Farmers Doubly Doomed? Farm, Nonfarm and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Rural China

This paper relaxes the single-factor model of intergenerational educational mobility and analyzes heterogeneous effects of family background on children’s education in villages, with a focus on the role of nonfarm occupations. The analysis uses data from rural China that cover three generations, and are not subject to coresident sample selection. Evidence from a battery of econometric approaches shows that the mean effects of parents’ education miss substantial heterogeneity across farm-nonfarm occupations. Having nonfarm parents, in general, has positive effects, but children of low educated non-farmer parents (with higher income) do not enjoy any advantages over the children of more educated farmer parents. Estimates of cross-partial effects without imposing functional form show little evidence of complementarity between parental education and nonfarm occupation. The role of family background remains relatively stable across generations for girls, but for boys, family background has become more important after the market reform. The paper explores causality using three approaches: Rosenbaum sensitivity analysis, minimum biased inverse propensity weighted estimator, and heteroscedasticity-based identification. The analysis results suggest that the advantages of having more educated parents, especially with nonfarm occupations, are unlikely to be due solely to selection on genetic transmissions. However, the estimated positive effects of nonfarm over farmer parents among the low educated households may be driven entirely by moderate selection on genetic endowment.
Histological Studies on the Possible Protective Effect of Ginger Extract Against Gasoline Exposure Induced Liver Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

s t t Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is used traditionally for many therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible hepatoprotective role of ginger against leaded gasoline induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male adult albino rats (120-150 gm) were divided into 10 groups (n=6). Control group. Groups (2-5) inhaled leaded gasoline with nominal concentration 18.18 ppm for exposure times 3, 6, 9 and 12 hrs/days for 14 successive days. Group (6) orally received 100 mg/kg ginger per day for 14 days. Group (7-10) inhaled gasoline in same conditions and same exposure times of groups (2-5), in addition to orally receiving 100 mg/kg ginger during exposure for 14 days. After sacrificing, the liver of the rats was taken for histological preparation. The results of the present study on the liver showed that subchronic exposure to gasoline produced changes in some hepatocytes mainly hydrobic degeneration, necrosis and occasional fatty change were seen, congestion of the central vein and infiltrations of the inflammatory cells in the portal area. It can be concluded that Ginger administration (100 mg/kg) showed mild hepatoprotective action against gasoline-induced histological liver damage in rats.
Combining ability of grain sorghum lines selected for Aluminum tolerance

The purpose of this study was to estimate combining ability of 58 sorghum lines previously selected for Aluminum (Al) toler- ance. One hundred sixty-five hybrids were evaluated at three levels of Al saturation (0%, 20% and 50%) at the same season. General Combining Ability (GCA) effects were significant for female lines for all three traits. GCA effects for male lines were significant only for plant height. Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects were significant only for flowering time. The ratio GCA to SCA was greater than the unity, indicating the prevalence of additive effects for the control of Al tolerance. F7, F14, F17, F20, F21, F24, F29, F31, F41, F42, F48, F51, F54 and F55 lines contributed to increase yield, while F29, F48 and F51 also contributed to reduce flowering time. M2 was the best male line since it contributed to increase yield and plant height, and to reduce flowering time.
Acculturation Strategies Among Ethnic Minority Workers and the Role of Intercultural Personality Traits

In an increasingly diverse work context minority employees strive to place and define themselves in terms of work and cultural identities. Based on Berry’s acculturation model (1990), we defined and tested preferred acculturation strategies at work. It was predicted that the dual identity, reflecting strong cultural identity maintenance combined with strong team identity adoption, is the most preferred strategy at work. The present study among non-Dutch employees working in The Netherlands (N = 108) showed that the dual identity is indeed preferred over strong team identity adoption, but solely among minority members who are emotionally stable. It is argued that these people are competent in dealing with the extra conflict and diversity-related stress that this acculturation strategy produces.
Chapter 3 Malabsorption in Giardiasis

Giardia intestinalis is a flagellated parasite and is regarded as the most common cause of protozoan-associated diarrhoea worldwide. The organisms can be found in 80% of raw water supplies from lakes, streams and ponds and as many as 15% filtered water samples. Giardia intestinalis can be found worldwide including both temperate and tropical regions and can cause asymptomatic colonisation or acute or chronic diarrhoea illness. The symptoms vary from vague abdominal discomfort or severe abdominal pain, diarrhoea and weight loss. It is believed that these symptoms are a result of giardiasis-associated malabsorption syndrome, although the pathophysiology underlying intestinal disturbances remains incompletely understood. Interestingly, intestinal malabsorption is a result of epithelial dysfunction that shares similarities with those observed in other enteric disorders such as bacteria enteritis, Crohn’s disease and celiac disease. Numerous other mechanisms of intestinal malabsorption have been postulated such as immunologic reactions, altered gut motility and fluid hypersecretion via adenylate cyclase activity. In this chapter, we will go through each mechanism of malabsorption associated with giardiasis and the consequences of this to the patients.
Developments In Business Simulation & Experiential Exercises , Volume 22 , 1995 83 GRADUATES ’ VIEWS ON THE USE OF COMPUTER SIMULATION GAMES VERSUS CASES AS PEDAGOGICAL TOOLS

In this study, recent marketing graduates were surveyed to determine their perception of whether simulations or case analyses better prepared them for their current job. Results indicated that graduates felt that simulations or simulations together with case analyses better prepared them for their job than case analyses alone. Graduates also rated the simulation experience over case analyses in terms of decision making involvement and providing a learning framework.
“I’m a Learner, I’m Dominantly a Learner”: A Case Study of Code-Switching of an EFL University Teacher Outside Classrooms

Reported here is part of a bigger study to investigate the code-switching behavior among the foreign language teaching professionals. This study is informed by the Markedness Model and identity-in- Interaction approach with its focus on the social and discourse motivations of code-switching. An ethnographic design is used to collect instances of code-switching of a university EFL teacher outside his classrooms. The findings suggest the code-switching behavior is an important site of their professional identity construction. Large chunks of switching to English in daily communications with peers are used as a strategy for sustained professional development. The positive attitude to code switching shows the high status of the English language and the profession of EFL in China. In the global context, the frequent code-switching to English in an academic setting in Beijing can be seen as an indication of the hegemonic position of the English language in the world academic discourse.
Detection of Seedborne Mycoflora of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The sunflower seeds were subjected to standard blotter and agar plate methods as recommended by ISTA, for detection of seedborne mycoflora. Seventeen fungi belonging to fourteen genera were detected through standard blotter method, whereas thirteen fungi belonging to eleven genera were recorded through agar plate method. Several pathogenic and storage fungi were observed in both the methods. Among the fungi detected, frequency of Alternaria sp. was found significantly highest in both the methods (standard blotter method 27.00% and agar plate method 20.00%). Of the two methods tested for detection of seed mycoflora, standard blotter method was found superior over agar plate method.
THE TIME FOR ACTION IS NOW: SUBJECTIVE TEMPORAL PROXIMITY ENHANCES PURSUIT OF REMOTE-FUTURE GOALS

Although individuals must act today to achieve many long-term, collective future goals, they often consider such goals to be temporally remote concerns that do not require immediate action. In two studies, the authors examined whether individuals are more motivated to pursue long-term collective future goals when they subjectively experience them as temporally proximal, holding constant objective date projections. The authors found that experimentally inducing participants to view distant future climate change consequences as temporally proximal enhanced proenvironmental motivation (Study 1) and behavior during the week following the study (Study 2) because the subjective temporal proximity made them construe climate change goals more concretely (Study 2). Thus, although the temporally distant nature of remote future goals may generally undermine motivation, making these goals feel temporally close can motivate individuals to pursue them in the present.
MODIFIED DIRECTIONAL WIDE BAND PRINTED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR USE IN RADAR AND MICROWAVE IMAGING APPLICATIONS

This paper presents a modifled design of directional monopole antenna with parabolic-shaped ground plane. To increase the directivity, axis of parabola in the ground plane is rotated 45 degrees (in comparison with the previous antenna) to extend throughout the direction of the substrate's diagonal. Consequently, vertex of the parabola is placed at the optimum point in the corner of the substrate. The aim of this attempt is to design an extended and symmetrical ground plane around the patch, with more clarity, to maximize its capability as a re∞ector. Directivity is further improved by inserting parabolic-shaped slots at the corners of the ground plane. Simulation and measurements show that the proposed antenna has stable directional radiation pattern and higher gain compared to the previous directional monopole antennas. Impedance bandwidth of the antenna covers the frequency range of 4{9GHz. Measured HPBW is among the degrees 54{22 between 4 and 9GHz. Gain and HPBW of the antenna are improved 1.3{3.1dB and 5{15 degrees, respectively among the bandwidth in comparison with previous antenna. Results conflrm the good characteristics of the antenna for use in microwave imaging, where high resolution is required.
Interactive comment on “Recent progress in understanding physical and chemical properties of mineral dust” by P. Formenti et al

This paper is a review paper which draws together previous literature pertaining to measurement of dust physic-chemical properties and the actual observed properties of N. African and Asian dust. As such it does not in itself represent new work, but it is a good critical presentation and consolidation of the recent studies. It is comprehensive in terms of aerosol measurement techniques and provides a good summary of recent observational campaigns. The paper also makes some recommendations for future research which follow logically from their review of existing data. I recommend it for publication subject to a few minor considerations which are detailed below.
THE REDUCTION OF WAVE OVERTOPPING BY MEANS OF A STORM WALL

A second edition of the EurOtop manual, a manual on wave overtopping of sea defenses and related structures, became available as pre-release in October 2016 on the website www.overtopping-manual.com. One of the improvements in this manual is based on the material in the current paper: how wave walls can reduce wave overtopping discharges. The base data set for the original advice in the previous EurOtop from 2007 is compared to the new developed procedures and new (unpublished) data collected in the wave flume of Ghent University. The comparative study shows that the differences are due to hydraulic differences in the test program. The original dataset from 1994 has tests with the still water level SWL both above and below the foot of the wall and was analyzed with an average slope analysis, where the UGent dataset only has tests with SWL below the foot of the wall and the small wall on top of the dike slope did not influence the average slope so that the actual slope could be used. The reduction factors deduced in analyzing the UGent datasets also work well for part of the original dataset, but not the other way around. The advice in the second edition of the EurOtop is thus to use the reduction factors by the UGent data analysis for wave walls above SWL, where the method proposed in the first edition can still be used for wave walls that have their foot below SWL. Both methodologies are explained in this paper.
CONTENT OF β-GLUCANS IN OAT GRAIN AS A PERSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF BREEDING FOR HEALTH PRODUCTS AND FODDER (review)

The paper offers a review of the published data on the structure of β-glucan molecules in the oat kernel, their influence on the lipoprotein content and glycemic index, on the digestive system operation and cancer cells, as well as on other human health indicators. It is noted that watersoluble food fibers have both dietary, prophylactic and healing effects on the human organism (official reports of the US Food and Drug Administration and European Food Safety Association, EFSA). It is discussed that physicochemical properties, chemical modifications and possibilities of industrial application of -glucans define clear perspectives for their potential use in foods, medicinal and cosmetic products. Besides, the results of analyzing the diversity of oat cultivars and species for the β-glucans content in the kernel are discussed. It is stated that the forms of naked oat have a higher total content of this polysaccharide than the hulled oats, while the latter contain more insoluble β-glucans in the oat kernel. It should be noted that the content of fibers depends on the meteorological conditions and agricultural methods of oat cultivation. The content of β-glucans in the kernel is related to the accumulation of protein and fat in the kernel, to the grain volume weight and to grain productivity. The problems of creating new productive oat cultivars with the maximum content and optimal structure of the said polysaccharide combined with other qualitative characters of the kernel, as well as possibilities of producing functional foods from the processed grain of such cultivars are considered. It is concluded that β-glucans will have an increasing importance in the global food and pharmaceutical industries.
Can Economic Growth Transform into Human Capabilities in India

This paper examines the pro-poorness of economic growth in India by considering the development principles of the capabilities approach (Sen 1989, 2002, Nussbaum 2000, Alkire 2002 a, Fukuda-Parr 2003). We first develop multi-dimensional indices on four specific domains, viz., longevity and health, education, living conditions and livelihood security and then construct the aggregate index of human capability for 29 states and union territories in India. The state level composite index of human capability is derived through the aggregation of four domains covering sixteen variables using the method of twostage principal components. Subsequently, we examine the relationships between economic growth and various human capability dimensions in a cross-sectional framework. Although, our results indicate a positive association between per capita real state domestic product and each of the four capability dimensions, the extent of correlation remains high for living conditions and livelihood securities and low for longevity and educational dimensions. We therefore conclude that while economic growth initiated some improvements in living conditions and livelihood security, its role remained limited in enhancing the health and educational capabilities that may require pro-poor public policies. (180 words)