Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Pancreas Transplant Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES Pancreas transplant improves quality of life and survival of patients irrespective of pretransplant C-peptide levels. Our objectives were to examine complications and outcomes in patients without measureable C-peptide (insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus) and carefully selected patients with measurable C-peptide (insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus) after pancreas transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis to examine the demographic, transplant factors, complications, and outcomes in patients with nondetectable pretransplant C-peptide (insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus) and patients with detectable pretransplant C-peptide (insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus). RESULTS Of 214 consecutive pancreas transplant procedures over a 12-year period, 112 had pretransplant C-peptide level testing (63 patients with type 1 and 49 with type 2 diabetes mellitus). Patients with type 1 disease were more likely to be female (P = .048), and patients with type 2 disease were more likely to be African American (P < .001) and have undergone previous pancreas transplant (P = .042). We observed no differences in donor factors or posttransplant factors (C-peptide after year 2, glucose, and hemoglobin A1C, except that patients with type 2 disease had more pancreatitis) (P = .036). There were no differences in posttransplant complications; however, patients with type 2 disease had significantly higher BK virus nephropathy (P = .006). There were no differences in outcomes between cohorts (rejection, graft loss, or death; P = not significant). CONCLUSIONS Pancreas transplant can be performed with excellent and equivalent outcomes in patients with type 1 and carefully selected type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with type 2 disease are more likely to have posttransplant pancreatitis and BK virus nephropathy, affecting the net benefit for transplant.
Complementary Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the French WISC–V: Analyses Based on the Standardization Sample

Interpretation of the French Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition (French WISC–V; Wechsler, 2016a) is based on a 5-factor model including Verbal Comprehension (VC), Visual Spatial (VS), Fluid Reasoning (FR), Working Memory (WM), and Processing Speed (PS). Evidence for the French WISC–V factorial structure was established exclusively through confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). However, as recommended by Carroll (1995); Reise (2012), and Brown (2015), factorial structure should derive from both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and CFA. The first goal of this study was to examine the factorial structure of the French WISC–V using EFA. The 15 French WISC–V primary and secondary subtest scaled scores intercorrelation matrix was used and factor extraction criteria suggested from 1 to 4 factors. To disentangle the contribution of first- and second-order factors, the Schmid and Leiman (1957) orthogonalization transformation (SLT) was applied. Overall, no EFA evidence for 5 factors was found. Results indicated that the g factor accounted for about 67% of the common variance and that the contributions of the first-order factors were weak (3.6 to 11.9%). CFA was used to test numerous alternative models. Results indicated that bifactor models produced better fit to these data than higher-order models. Consistent with previous studies, findings suggested dominance of the general intelligence factor and that users should thus emphasize the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) when interpreting the French WISC–V.
Teacher Attrition and Retention Research in Australia: Towards a New Theoretical Framework

During the last decades, the search to try to understand why Australian teachers prematurely leave their jobs has become an increasing focus of research interest. This article yields significant insights into the history and potential future of the teacher attrition research field. Using a thematic content analysis methodology, a study of the Australian literature reveals that the field in this country is still in its infancy, and is dominated by small-scale, qualitative exploratory studies. Furthermore, it shows the lack of consistency amongst studies discussing teacher attrition, as well as the need for a theoretically informed framework that acknowledges the complex nature of teacher attrition. To fill this void, the authors propose a new theoretical model, arguing that teacher attrition is a complex phenomenon, a product of the interaction of elements from social capital, human capital, positive psychological capital and structural capital intersecting.
Herbicides cross resistance of a multiple resistant short-awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.) population in wheat field

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. is a common grass weed, which has become increasingly troublesome to control in China wheat fields. One A. aequalis population, collected from Anhui Province China, was suspected to be resistant to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl. This study aimed to establish the cross-resistance pattern using the purified subpopulation and explore the potential target- site and non-target-site based resistance mechanisms. Sequencing results showed that a single nucleotide change of ATT to AAT was present in acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) gene of the resistant (R) plants, resulting in an Ile2041Asn amino acid substitution. Besides, another single nucleotide change of CCC to CGC was present in acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene of the R plants, resulting in a Pro197Arg amino acid substitution. The homozygous resistant plants were isolated and the seeds were used in whole-plant herbicide bioassays. Compared with the susceptible (S) population, R population displayed high level resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron- methyl. Cross resistance patterns showed that the R population was highly resistant to clodinafop-propargyl, moderately resistant to pyroxsulam and flucarbazonc- sodium, lowly resistant to pinoxaden, and susceptible to tralkoxydim, sethoxydim, and isoproturon. The pretreatment of piperonyl butoxide reduced the 50% growth reduction (GR50) value of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, suggesting that target-site resistance and non-target-site resistance mechanisms were both present in fenoxaprop- P-ethyl-resistance of A. aequalis. This is the first report of ACCase Ile2041Asn and ALS Pro197Arg mutation in A. aequalis
Utility of a Bifunctional Tryptophan Pathway Enzyme for the Classification of the Herbicola-Agglomerans Complex of Bacteria†

Bifunctional proteins are the result of relatively infrequent genetic events that are faithfully conserved. They are reliable markers that define phylogenetic clusters. The bifunctional protein anthranilate synthase: anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (AS:PRT) separates two enteric clusters. Previously published data show that this bifunctional protein is present in the lineage shared by Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae, but is absent in Erwinia carotovora, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, and Hafnia alvei. It has been postulated that aerogenic and anaerogenic strains of Enterobacter agglomerans belong to different groups, which corrspond to the clusters mentioned above, respectively. In confirmation of this, we found that Enterobacter agglomerans ATCC 29915 (aerogenic) possesses bifunctional AS:PRT, whereas Enterobacter agglomerans ATCC 27155T (T = type strain) (anaerogenic) lacks AS:PRT. We also found that Erwinia herbicola 33243T lacks AS:PRT. Beji et al. (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38:77-88) recently showed that the type strains of Enterobacter agglomerans (ATCC 27155) and Erwinia herbicola (ATCC 33243) belong to the same genomic species. We suggest that Enterobacter agglomerans (= Erwinia herbicola) should be excluded from the genus Enterobacter. We further suggest that strains currently designated Enterobacter agglomerans can be grouped with Erwinia herbicola or with the enteric cluster containing Enterobacter depending upon whether bifunctional AS:PRT is absent or present, respectively.
The value of building safety: A hedonic price approach

Theoretical and empirical studies on how building quality or performance is valued by the property market abound in the literature. While some of them investigate the changes in property price after building renovation, little has been done on the pricing of safety performance of buildings. In this regard, this preliminary research aims to explore if residential properties in safer buildings command higher market values in Hong Kong. Hong Kong provides a good laboratory for this study because it is a densely-populated city where high-rise buildings are common. In such an environment, building failures can pose a serious threat. A spate of building-related accidents in the city in recent years has demonstrated the painful consequences of neglect of building safety. For the purpose of this study, the safety performance of a building is measured by the weighted number of unauthorized building works (UBWs) present on the external walls of the buildings. By their nature, UBWs are building works that are constructed without prior approval and consent from the government. A hedonic price model is developed for assessing the market value of building safety. For the model estimation, apart from the property transaction data, the number of unauthorized appendages (i.e., UBWs attached to the building facades) in each building under study is obtained through a building survey. Based on the analysis results, several hypotheses built upon the theories of self-protection and self-insurance put forward by Ehrlich and Becker (1972) are tested.
Adoption of organic cotton in Benin: does gender play a role?

Benin, the number 12 in world cotton exports (2002), relies heavily on this crop for its export revenue (64 %). More than 90% of pesticides imported in the country are used on cotton. The resulting environmental, health and economic problems conduced to the introduction of organic cotton as alternative to make cotton production in the country more sustainable. Since 1996, organic cotton production is gaining importance despite its labour intensity, and though yields are around 0.5 ton compared to 1 ton in the conventional sector. In addition, it became attractive for women. They are directly engaged in organic cotton production by getting their own field, a situation which is not common in conventional cotton. This study aims at clarifying various factors that determine the adoption of organic cotton and the role of the gender in this process. Data for this study were collected from 200 households (50% conventional and 50% organic) in central Benin where 70% of organic farmers, with 77% of organic area, are operating in the country (data from season 2003/2004). Gender is defined, not in terms of women or men, rather as the weight of women contribution to household labour and income. The results show that the main reasons for adoption are based on desire for stable income, lack of transparency in the conventional sector and health. Only 1% of respondents adopt because of environmental reasons. On the side of non-adopter, low yields and a lack of information are the main reasons. Contrary to what one would expect, only 4.8% of respondents do not adopt because of labour intensity.
Misleading variations in estimated rotational frequency splittings of solar p modes: consequences for helioseismology and asteroseismology

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether there are any 11-yr or quasi-biennial solarcycle-related variations in solar rotational splitting frequencies of low-degree solar p modes. Although no 11-yr signals were observed, variations on a shorter time-scale ( ∼2 yr) were apparent. We show that the variations arose from complications/artefacts associated with the realization noise in the data and the process by which the data were analysed. More specifically, the realization noise was observed to have a larger effect on the rotational splittings than accounted for by the formal uncertainties. When used to infer the rotation profile of the Sun these variations are not important. The outer regions of the solar interior can be constrained using higher degree modes. While the variations in the low-l splittings do make large differences to the inferred rotation rate of the core, the core rotation rate is so poorly constrained, even by low-l modes, that the different inferred rotation profiles still agree within their respective 1σ uncertainties. By contrast, in asteroseismology, only low-l modes are visible and so higher l modes cannot be used to constrain the rotation profile of stars. Furthermore, we usually only have one data set from which to measure the observed low-l splitting. In such circumstances the inferred internal rotation rate of a main-sequence star could differ significantly from estimates of the surface rotation rate, hence leading to spurious conclusions. Therefore, extreme care must be taken when using only the splittings of low-l modes to draw conclusions about the average internal rotation rate of a star.
Symptom severity and viral protein or RNA accumulation in lettuce affected by big-vein disease

Big-vein disease (BVD) is a widespread and economically damaging disease in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Typical symptoms are chlorotic clearing around leaf veins, leaf deformations, and impaired head development. In this research, we studied the relationship between symptom intensity and protein and viral RNA accumulation in infected plants. Naturally infected lettuce plants, from the field or greenhouse, were classified according to their symptomatology: mild, moderate, severe, and symptomless. Coat protein accumulation was evaluated by a double antibody sandwich/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), and RNA levels were studied by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR. Virus coat protein accumulation did not differ for the two viruses associated with this disease among lettuce plants showing different symptom severity. Similarly, abundance of Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV)-RNA3 or Lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV)-RNA-2 were not different (P > 0.05) for diverse big vein disease severity rating scales. This suggests that symptom severity expressed by big-vein diseased lettuce plants did not necessarily reflect the accumulation of viruses associated with this disease in the host. Therefore, lettuce plants showing mild symptoms of BVD do not necessarily present lower virus levels than plants showing more severe symptomatology.
Diagnosis of Dental Cavities using Image Processing

Dental cavity is the disease inside the human mouth which is caused by different bacterial activities. Cavities make an everlasting damage in the tooth and it results in holes inside tooth. Dealing properly with dental cavities and taking an urgent treatment is always recommended to avoid more damage. Dentist recognizes the caries in patients’ teeth by looking directly with eyes and sometimes with help of x-ray (radiograph) of teeth. The automated system would help the dentist to identify the caries in teeth by making use of x-ray. This paper proposes a model to detect the cavities using x-ray images by making use of various image processing techniques, involving RGB to Gray conversion, generation of binary image, finding the region of interest, removing background, identifying regions and dividing image into multiple blocks and finally identifying the cavities present in x-ray image.
The Impact of Packaging Design on Health Product Perceptions

Packaging design has been studied in a variety of contexts but findings remain inconsistent, particularly on the impact of individual elements (e.g. Mitchell & Papvassiliou, 1999; Becker, Rompay, Schifferstein and Galetzka, 2011; Siloyoi & Speece, 2007). Although several studies have found visual cues (picture, typography, colour) to be the most impactful on consumer attention and attitude (e.g. Folkes & Matta, 2004; Silayoi & Speece, 2004), most studies have focused on other elements such as size and shape, (e.g. Ares & Deliza, 2010) and verbal cues (e.g. Klimchuk & Krasovec, 2013). Responding to recent calls for more research (Orth, Campana & Malkewitz 2010), this study investigates the impact of both visual elements and verbal elements on consumer perceptions, specifically looking at product ‘healthiness’. To date, there is relatively little research looking at health product perceptions in the marketing literature, despite recognition that health is ‘the most significant trend and innovation driver in the global and foods drink market’ (Meziane, 2007). This paper applies conjoint analysis to examine the relative importance of four product attributes representing visual and verbal cues: level of information provided on the label (low vs high); presence of an organic ‘kite’ mark (yes/no); colour (green/orange) and the product image on the label (transparent window vs product photo). It is worth noting that despite being widely found on health food packaging, transparent windows have been considered in only one paper to date (Sioutis, 2011). Three product categories were tested (baby food, soup and coffee) across 288 UK participants. The results find verbal cues to be most important, with the amount of information provided being the key driver.
Examination of the interplay between glacial processes and exhumation in the Saint Elias Mountains, Alaska

The combination of large, temperate glaciers and rapid crustal convergence in the Saint Elias Mountains (southeastern Alaska, USA, and Yukon Territory and British Colombia, Canada) provides an exceptional opportunity to study the interactions between the tectonic and surface processes that have shaped most active orogens on Earth during much of the Quaternary. This research first provides a review of thermochronometric data sets recording exhumation under two major glacier systems of the Saint Elias Mountains, the Bagley-Bering and the Seward-Malaspina systems. These data sets are integrated over the single glacier systems and used in conjunction with glaciological data to investigate the interactions of glacial erosion and tectonics. Despite their proximity, the glaciological processes and geological settings of these two glacial systems differ significantly. On the east side of the orogen, sediments eroded from bedrock underneath the Malaspina Glacier reflect regions of rapid erosion under the slowly moving Seward Ice Field. Because the Seward Ice Field overlies a localized zone of major faulting and rapid exhumation, the strained and fractured bedrock is primed for erosion. On the west side, the Bering Glacier is the primary outlet for the Bagley Ice Field, which covers half of the crest of the orogen; however, few if any of the sediments at its terminus originate from under the Bagley Ice Field. Sediment transport is likely hindered by subglacial freeze-on processes that reduce the sediment-carrying capacity of subglacial rivers, though glacial surges are likely exceptions that deposit sediment far beyond the active margin of the glacier. Our study concludes that the widely invoked concepts of glacial erosion should be used with caution, as oversimplification can fail to account for important site-specific differences in geologic and glacial conditions.
Sharing the News: Dissemination of Links to Australian News Sites on Twitter

Social media adoption in Australia, which provides the geographic focus for this chapter, has been rapid and substantial (ABC News, 2010) – possibly because of the considerable dispersal of the Australian population across the continent, as well as the significant distance of the country from many of its closest partner nations. Social media can play an important role in strengthening and maintaining interpersonal and professional relationships in spite of such physical distance; in particular, social media services are now well-recognised as important tools for the dissemination of news across many developed nations. Hermida (2010) and Burns (2010) both speak of Twitter as a medium for “ambient news”, for example: always-on, operating as a steady stream in the background and at the edge of users’ conscious perception. Much as ambient music is designed to do, it comes to the fore when notable events (such as major breaking news) lead to an increase in volume and demand a greater level of attention from users.
Relations and disproportions: the labor of scholarship in the knowledge economy

In this article, I provide an ethnographic exploration of some of the terms for imagining knowledge in today's “knowledge society,” and I attempt to situate the kind of “sociology of knowledge” behind this imagination. In particular, I am interested in the sociological imagination of knowledge in terms of a relational economy, in which knowledge flows uninterruptedly to create and shape what Yochai Benkler has dubbed “the wealth of networks. ” I pursue this interest through an ethnography of the production of research among humanities scholars at Spain's National Research Council (CSIC). For CSIC's human scientists, books (and other bookish analogues, such as libraries or manuscript collections) occupy a place of prominence in the institutional production of research. This economy of scholarship (between books, between people and books, and between what books do and what institutions and researchers imagine them to do) finds itself at a “disproportionate” distance from the “network economy of information” encountered in the literature on the knowledge economy and promoted in certain circles within CSIC. I contrast the epistemological economies of CSIC scientists' relational and disproportional views on research and, ultimately, attempt to provide an anthropological description of a contemporary sociology of knowledge, including its analytical categories and models. [knowledge, knowledge economy, relations, proportionality, labor, academia]
Solidification of an alloy cooled from above Part 2. Non-equilibrium interfacial kinetics

The model developed in Part 1 for the solidification and convection that occurs when an alloy is cooled from above is extended to investigate the role of disequilibrium at the mush–liquid interface. Small departures from equilibrium are important because in a convecting system an interfacial temperature below its equilibrium value can drive the bulk temperature of the melt below its liquidus. This behaviour is observed in experiments and can result in crystallization within and at the base of the convecting melt. The additional crystals formed in the interior can settle to the base of the fluid and continue to grow, causing the composition of the melt to change. This ultimately affects the solidification at the roof. The effects of disequilibrium are explored in this paper by replacing the condition of marginal equilibrium at the interface used in the model of Part 1 with a kinetic growth law of the form $\dot{h}_1 = {\cal G}\delta T$, where $\dot{h}_1$ is the rate of advance of the mush–liquid interface, δT is the amount by which the interfacial temperature is below the liquidus temperature of the melt and [Gscr ] is an empirical constant. This modification enables the model to predict very accurately both the growth of the mushy layer and the development of supersaturation in the isopropanol experiments described in Part 1. An additional series of experiments, using aqueous solutions of sodium sulphate, is presented in which the development of supersaturation leads to the internal nucleation and growth of crystals. A further extension of the model is introduced which successfully accounts for this internal crystal growth and the changing composition of the melt. We discuss the implications of this work for geologists studying the formation of igneous rocks. Important conclusions include the facts that cooling the roof of a magma chamber can lead to crystallization at its floor and that vigorous convection can occur in a magma chamber even when there is no initial superheat.