Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Canadian Association of General Surgeons Evidence Based Reviews in Surgery. 9. Risk factors for retained foreign bodies after surgery.

Question: What are the identifiable risk factors for retained foreign bodies in surgical patients? Design: Case–control study. Setting: A malpractice insurance agency and 10 hospitals in the state of Massachusetts from January 1, 1985 to January 1, 2001. Participants: Fifty-four patients with a total of 61 retained foreign bodies, and 235 control patients. Assessment of risk factors: Risk factors considered included a change in nursing personnel during surgery, excessive loss of blood, lack of complete count of sponges and instruments, fatigue of the surgical team from the lengthiness or lateness of the procedure and urgency of the surgery, obesity, unexpected intra-operative developments, the involvement of multiple surgical teams, and the performance of more than 1 major procedure at a time. Main outcome measure: Retained sponge or instrument after a surgical procedure. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that 3 factors were significant: emergency surgery (risk ratio 8.8, 95%CI 2.4–31.9), unplanned change in the operation (RR 4.1, 95%CI 1.4–12.4) and body mass index (RR for each unit increment 1.1, 95%CI 1.0–1.2). Conclusions: The risk of retaining a foreign body after surgery is significantly increased in emergency surgery with unplanned changes in the procedure and in patients with a high body mass index.
Lateral Foot-Movement Times in Sitting and Standing Postures

This study examined the effects of foot-side, sex, movement amplitude, and target width on lateral and nonvisually controlled foot-movement time with a reciprocal foot-tapping task in sitting and standing postures. 9 male and 9 female right-foot dominant undergraduates (ages 20 to 25 years) with no reported physical and health problems with their lower limbs voluntarily participated. Analysis indicated foot-movement time in a standing posture was much faster than that in a sitting posture. Target width and movement amplitude had significant effects on foot-movement time, while the effects of foot-side and sex were not significant. Multiple regression models with inclusion of the significant factors were examined which should be useful in predicting foot-movement time required for different tasks in sitting and standing postures. Possible applications of the results may be made to the design of work and foot controls in terms of the related task factors for person-machine interfaces with two or more pedals.
WT1 mRNA level reflects disease changes and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes patients with ‘stable disease’

Bonhoure, E. , Lauret, A. , Barnes, D.J., Martin, C. , Malavaud, B. , Kohama, T. , Melo, J.V. & Cuvillier, O. (2008) Sphingosine kinase-1 is a downstream regulator of imatinib-induced apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia, 22, 971–979. Li, Q.F. , Huang, W.R. , Duan, H.F. , Wang, H. , Wu, C.T. & Wang, L.S. (2007) Sphingosine kinase-1 mediates BCR/ABL-induced upregulation of Mcl-1 in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Oncogene, 26, 7904–7908. Marfe, G. , Di Stefano, C. , Gambacurta, A. , Ottone, T. , Martini, V. , Abruzzese, E. , Mologni, L. , Sinibaldi-Salimei, P., de Fabritis, P., GambacortiPasserini, C. , Amadori, S. & Birge, R.B. (2011) Sphingosine kinase 1 overexpression is regulated by signaling through PI3K, AKT2, and mTOR in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Experimental Hematology, 39, e656. Paugh, S.W. , Paugh, B.S., Rahmani, M. , Kapitonov, D. , Almenara, J.A. , Kordula, T. , Milstien, S. , Adams, J.K. , Zipkin, R.E. , Grant, S. & Spiegel, S. (2008) A selective sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor integrates multiple molecular therapeutic targets in human leukemia. Blood, 112, 1382–1391. Powell, J.A. , Lewis, A.C. , Zhu, W. , Toubia, J., Pitman, M.R. , Wallington-Beddoe, C.T. , Moretti, P.A. , Iarossi, D. , Samaraweera, S.E. , Cummings, N. , Ramshaw, H.S. , Thomas, D. , Wei, A.H. , Lopez, A.F. , D’Andrea, R.J., Lewis, I.D. & Pitson, S.M. (2017) Targeting sphingosine kinase 1 induces MCL1-dependent cell death in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood, 129, 771–782. Pyne, N.J. & Pyne, S. (2010) Sphingosine 1-phosphate and cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, 10, 489–503. Pyne, S. , Adams, D.R. & Pyne, N.J. (2016) Sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphingosine kinases in health and disease: recent advances. Progress in Lipid Research, 62, 93–106. Sobue, S. , Nemoto, S. , Murakami, M. , Ito, H. , Kimura, A. , Gao, S. , Furuhata, A. , Takagi, A. , Kojima, T. , Nakamura, M. , Ito, Y. , Suzuki, M. , Banno, Y. , Nozawa, Y. & Murate, T. (2008) Implications of sphingosine kinase 1 expression level for the cellular sphingolipid rheostat: relevance as a marker for daunorubicin sensitivity of leukemia cells. International Journal of Hematology, 87, 266–275. Wallington-Beddoe, C.T. , Powell, J.A. , Tong, D. , Pitson, S.M. , Bradstock, K.F. & Bendall, L.J. (2014) Sphingosine kinase 2 promotes acute lymphoblastic leukemia by enhancing MYC expression. Cancer Research, 74, 2803–2815. Wallington-Beddoe, C.T. , Bennett, M.K. , Vandyke, K. , Davies, L. , Zebol, J.R. , Moretti, P.A. B. , Pitman, M.R. , Hewett, D.R. , Zannettino, A.C. W. & Pitson, S.M. (2017) Sphingosine kinase 2 inhibition synergises with bortezomib to target myeloma by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oncotarget, 8, 43602–43616.
Long-term decoding of movement force and direction with a wireless myoelectric implant

Objective. The ease of use and number of degrees of freedom of current myoelectric hand prostheses is limited by the information content and reliability of the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals used to control them. For example, cross-talk limits the capacity to pick up signals from small or deep muscles, such as the forearm muscles for distal arm amputations, or sites of targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) for proximal amputations. Here we test if signals recorded from the fully implanted, induction-powered wireless Myoplant system allow long-term decoding of continuous as well as discrete movement parameters with better reliability than equivalent sEMG recordings. The Myoplant system uses a centralized implant to transmit broadband EMG activity from four distributed bipolar epimysial electrodes. Approach. Two Rhesus macaques received implants in their backs, while electrodes were placed in their upper arm. One of the monkeys was trained to do a cursor task via a haptic robot, allowing us to control the forces exerted by the animal during arm movements. The second animal was trained to perform a center-out reaching task on a touchscreen. We compared the implanted system with concurrent sEMG recordings by evaluating our ability to decode time-varying force in one animal and discrete reach directions in the other from multiple features extracted from the raw EMG signals. Main results. In both cases, data from the implant allowed a decoder trained with data from a single day to maintain an accurate decoding performance during the following months, which was not the case for concurrent surface EMG recordings conducted simultaneously over the same muscles. Significance. These results show that a fully implantable, centralized wireless EMG system is particularly suited for long-term stable decoding of dynamic movements in demanding applications such as advanced forelimb prosthetics in a wide range of configurations (distal amputations, TMR).
Loss of awareness of hypoglycemia temporally associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression in patients with diabetes. We previously reported a 17-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes who developed loss of hypoglycemic awareness while on fluoxetine hydrochloride for depression (1). He regained hypoglycemic awareness after discontinuing fluoxetine. We hereby present two other cases of loss of hypoglycemic awareness temporally associated with the use of SSRIs. This Caucasian female was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at 10 years of age. She was treated with an intensive subcutaneous insulin program (total 1.1 units · kg−1 · day−1) and a 1,600-kcal diabetic diet. Her HbA1c …
Histone deacetylases in control of skeletogenesis

Skeletogenesis occurs continuously during the lifespan of vertebrate organisms. In development, the skeleton is patterned and modeled until each bone achieves its optimal shape and full size. During adults, the skeleton is remodeled to maintain strength and release calcium. The bone‐resorbing and bone‐forming activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively, are tightly coupled to maintain optimal skeletal health; however, during aging and disease, these cells can become uncoupled, adversely affecting skeletal health and strength. Histone deacetylases have emerged as important regulators of endochondral bone formation, osteoblast maturation and osteoclast survival. Histone deacetylases are inhibited by small molecules that are approved and/or in clinical trials as cancer therapeutic drugs or anti‐epileptic agents. In this article, the roles of histone deacetylases and effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on bone and cartilage cells are reviewed. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 332–340, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early Treatment Time Course of Depressive Symptoms in Opiate Addicts

Self-reported depressive symptoms of opiate addicts were assessed at admission to a methadone treatment program and weekly during the first 4 treatment weeks using the Beck Depression Inventory. A significant decline in scores was found to occur with the first follow-up evaluation done 7 days after admission, with scores remaining stable over subsequent weeks. The study suggests that a more accurate assessment of psychiatric symptoms may be obtained by waiting 1 to 2 weeks after treatment entry as compared with admission assessments.
Ground states for asymptotically periodic fractional Kirchhoff equation with critical Sobolev exponent

In this paper, we study the following fractional Kirchhoff equation with critical nonlinearity \begin{document}$ \Big(a+b\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}| (-\Delta)^{\frac{s}{2}} u|^2dx\Big) (-\Delta )^su+V(x) u = K(x)|u|^{2_s^*-2}u+\lambda g(x,u), \; \text{in}\; \mathbb{R}^3, $\end{document} where \begin{document}$ a,b>0 $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ \lambda>0 $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ (-\Delta )^s $\end{document} is the fractional Laplace operator with \begin{document}$ s\in(\frac{3}{4},1) $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ 2_s^* = \frac{6}{3-2s} $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ V,K $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ g $\end{document} are asymptotically periodic in \begin{document}$ x $\end{document} . The existence of a positive ground state solution is obtained by variational method.
A blind test of mandibular morphology for sexing mandibles in the first few years of life.

Loth and Henneberg ([2001] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 115:179-186) proposed that consistent shape differences exist between male and female juvenile mandibles which can be used to predict sex with an accuracy of 81%. A sample of known sex and age from the Spitalfields Collection was examined blind twice and resulted in an overall accuracy of only 64%. The tests also showed that: 1) the method sexed males more reliably than females; and 2) consistency was low.
Low-Dose Tissue Plasminogen Activator Thrombolysis in Children

Purpose To compare results of low-dose tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) in children with arterial and venous thrombi relative to standard published dosing. Methods Subjects consisted of all consecutive children with objectively confirmed thrombi for whom TPA thrombolysis was clinically ordered by the authors. Initial dosing used published standard dose (0.1–0.5 mg/kg per hour). With experience, a low-dose regimen (0.01–0.06 mg/kg per hour) was given in an attempt to derive a minimal effective dose. Results Thirty-five children were treated with TPA. Either standard or low-dose infusions of TPA resulted in complete thrombolysis of 28 of 29 (97%) acute thrombi, while all 6 chronic thrombi had a partial response. In contrast to the recommended adult-derived dosages of 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg per hour, the authors found that initial doses of less than 0.01 mg/kg per hour were effective in 12 of 17 patients with acute thrombosis. Neonates required 0.06 mg/kg per hour. Route of administration (local or systemic) did not affect efficacy. Major bleeding occurred in only one extremely preterm infant. Minor bleeding, primarily oozing at intravenous sites, occurred in 27% of children during TPA infusions. Prophylactic unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin was infused concomitant with TPA in 42% of the children and did not increase the risk of bleeding. Conclusions TPA in very low doses appears to be safe and effective for thrombolysis of acute thromboses in most children, given appropriate patient selection.
Mammary neoplastic response of Lewis and Sprague-Dawley female rats to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or x-ray.

Summary Female rats of either the Lewis or the Sprague-Dawley strain either were given 13.3 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) per 100 g of body weight by stomach tube or 350 R of 250-kVp total-body X-radiation on the 50th day of age or were not treated. All rats were studied for mammary neoplasia for 10 months. Twenty of 29 Lewis rats given DMBA developed mammary neoplasia, including 43 mammary adenocarcinomas and 1 mammary fibroadenoma, while of 29 Sprague-Dawley rats given DMBA 24 rats developed mammary neoplasia, including 39 adenocarcinomas and 53 fibroadenomas. Six of 40 Lewis rats given X-radiation developed mammary neoplasia, including 4 mammary adenocarcinomas and 4 mammary fibroadenomas, while of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats given X-radiation 26 developed mammary neoplasia, including 11 adenocarcinomas and 39 fibroadenomas. Of 22 nontreated Lewis rats, none developed mammary neoplasms, while of 44 nontreated Sprague-Dawley rats 3 developed mammary neoplasia, including 1 mammary adenocarcinoma and 2 fibroadenomas. It was concluded that DMBA is a somewhat more potent carcinogen than X-radiation in both Lewis and Sprague-Dawley female rats. The mammary adenocarcinoma response to either DMBA or X-radiation was similar in both strains. The virtual absence of a mammary fibroadenoma response in the female Lewis rat to either carcinogen is a new finding and is unexplained.
Methotrexate Use in a Breastfeeding Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis

To the Editor: Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, is considered the first-line treatment in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)1. As a result of embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, MTX is discontinued in women planning to conceive2,3,4. RA disease activity often decreases during pregnancy and increases after delivery5. Thus, women with RA are monitored closely following delivery. Breastfeeding may also pose challenges, attributable to the concern about drug exposure for the infant and potential drug-related adverse effects. The American Academy of Pediatrics and other reviews recommend the avoidance of MTX in breastfeeding women3,4,6. There is limited evidence of mammary excretion of MTX. One case report from 1972 describes MTX milk levels in a 25-year-old lactating mother with choriocarcinoma being treated with oral MTX at a dose of 22.5 mg per day7. Milk, blood, and urine samples were obtained at 2-h intervals on the first day of treatment and MTX levels were assessed using a bioassay … Address correspondence to Dr. T. Nadarajah, University of Toronto, Medicine, 500 University Ave., Suite 602, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada. E-mail: thanu.nadarajah{at}gmail.com
Orexins and Their Receptors in the Human Retina

Objectives: Orexins A and B are neuropeptides involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, energy homeostasis and arousal. In the human retina, however, immunohistochemical localization of orexins and their receptors, OX-R1 and OX-R2, has not been ascertained. Methods: We localized orexins A and B, OX-R1 and OX-R2 in the human retina using immunohistochemistry. Retinae from 2 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients provided preliminary evidence for possible orexin alterations. Results: Orexin A, orexin B and OX-R1 were localized in ganglion and amacrine cells, cellular processes in the inner and outer plexiform layer and in the inner segments of photoreceptor cells. There was no OX-R2 immunoreactivity in the retina. The staining intensity for both orexins was decreased in the AD patients. Conclusion: This immunohistochemical study provides the first evidence for the distribution of orexin A, orexin B and OX-R1 in the human retina. The localization pattern suggests a modulatory role for orexins in the interactions of those retinal cells which transmit light information to the suprachiasmatic nuclei, and thus may be involved in circadian rhythm entrainment.
Explaining the adoption of transactional B2C mobile commerce

Purpose – Given the proliferation of mobile devices, m‐commerce is expected to experience a substantial growth. However, most m‐commerce applications except for a few have failed to meet expectations. In this study, the authors aim to examine specific factors pertaining to the individual adoption of B2C transactional mobile commerce.Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive framework integrating well established theories of technology adoption – i.e. the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) – is developed. More specifically, perceived usefulness is re‐conceptualized to enhance the specificity of these theories to mobile commerce. The resulting model is empirically tested with mobile device users who have not adopted mobile commerce yet.Findings – The empirical results provide strong support for the integrative approach, shedding light on the significance and relative importance of specific technological characteristics. The theoretical and empirical implications .
Positive illusions and coping with adversity.

We review the literature showing that positive illusions (i.e., self-aggrandizement, unrealistic optimism, and exaggerated perceptions of control) are common and associated with successful adjustment to stressful events, including conditions of extreme adversity. Using theory and recent data, we offer a basis for integrating positive illusions with the constraints of reality. We explicitly contrast the social psychological model of positive illusions with a personality viewpoint that addresses the question "Do higher levels of positive illusions predict higher levels of adjustment? " These issues are explored in the context of people coping with an array of normal stressful events, as well as those coping with more extreme stressful events, including cancer, heart disease, and HIV infection.
A Case-Controlled Study with Dornase Alfa to Evaluate Impact on Disease Progression over a 4-Year Period

Background: Chronic endobronchial sepsis and profuse airway secretions dominate pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis. Recombinant human DNase I (dornase alfa) reduces the viscoelasticity of airway secretions and hence may improve clearance of airway secretions. Objectives: To evaluate the long-term influence of dornase alfa on disease progression by performing a case-controlled study with dornase alfa over a period of 4 years. Methods: A cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis who have been treated with dornase alfa were matched with a control group of patients with cystic fibrosis who had not received treatment with dornase alfa. The patients were matched by pulmonary function, age, and then sex. All available measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), height, weight and sputum bacteriology were collected for periods when the patients were free from respiratory exacerbations. Results: Thirty-eight patients were matched. Slopes of median changes in FEV1 were –2.19 (–3.32, –1.06) in the control group and –0.75 (–1.87, 0.36) in the dornase alfa-treated group (p = 0.076). There were more infective exacerbations per patient year in the control group [3.13 (1.25–4.25)] in comparison to the dornase alfa group [1.25 (0.63–3.0), p = 0.035] over the 4-year treatment period. Antibiotic requirements were also greater with a median 43.75 (17.5–60.0) days of intravenous antibiotic use per patient year in the control group and 16.25 (8.5–44.0) days in the dornase alfa group (p = 0.034). Conclusions: The trends suggest that dornase alfa may have some influence on disease progression but in view of the limitations of the current study the need for further long-term studies in larger cohorts of patients is emphasised.
Women in jail: is substance abuse treatment enough?

OBJECTIVES This study examined the self-reported needs of women in jail who indicated a need for drug abuse services. METHODS A total of 165 interviews were conducted of women held in a large, urban county jail in Ohio in May 1999. RESULTS Drug-abusing women were more likely to report a need for housing, mental health counseling, education, job training, medical care, family support, and parenting assistance when released from jail. CONCLUSIONS The provision of drug abuse treatment referrals to women in jail may not break the continual cycle of drug use and incarceration if other needs cannot be addressed.
Do T2‐weighted pulse sequences help with the differential diagnosis of enhancing lesions in dynamic breast MRI?

In this study, our purpose was to determine whether T2‐weighted images are a useful diagnostic adjunct for lesion characterization in dynamic breast MRI. On a 1.5‐T system, 205 enhancing benign and malignant breast tumors were examined. The standardized protocol consisted of a T2‐weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) pulse sequence with and without spectral fat suppression (SPIR), followed by a two‐dimensional dynamic series with subtraction postprocessing. In 59 cases, T2*‐weighted gradient‐echo images also were obtained. Two independent radiologists visually rated the lesions (101 malignant, 104 benign) as having either a low or a high signal with respect to the adjacent glandular tissue. To assess age dependency of lesion enhancement velocities and T2‐TSE signal intensities, we compared the results for patients at or below the age of 50 (group A), between 40 and 50 (group B), and beyond the age of 50 (group C). In T2‐weighted TSE images, breast cancers were iso‐ or hypointense with respect to breast parenchyma in 87% of cases, whereas fibroadenomas were hyperintense in 71%. Visual assessment of lesion appearance in T2‐weighted TSE images allowed to distinguish between fibroadenomas and breast cancers, with a respective sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 72%, 75%, 46%, and 90% for young patients; 94%, 66%, 78%, and 89% for the patients between 40 and 50; and 89%, 62%, 85%, and 68% for the patients over 50 years of age. No significant difference was found for the distribution of signal intensities of lesions in T2*‐weighted images or in fat‐suppressed images. In a contrast‐enhancing breast lesion, careful analysis of T2‐weighted TSE images can improve differential diagnosis. The accuracy of this criterion varies with age. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;9:187–196. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Karyotype, meiotic behavior and pollen features of Senna occidentalis

Meiotic behavior, pollen morphology, interphasic nucleus pattern and karyotype description for Senna occidentalis (Caesalpinioideae — Fabaceae) are presented. The species had non-reticulate interphasic nucleus and homogeneous chromosome condensing with minute distal late-condensing portions in prometaphase. In mitotic metaphase, chromosome number was 2n = 28 (9 m + 5 sm), with secondary constriction in one chromosome pair. Detection of four nucleoli indicated existence of two chromosome pairs bearing Nucleolar Organizer Region (NOR). Meiotic behavior was regular, with high meiotic index (95%). Pollen grains, classified as polar/spheroidal, presented 90% viability.