Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal macronutrient content of the diet for adolescents with prediabetes; RESIST a randomised control trial.

CONTEXT Prediabetes and clinical insulin resistance in adolescents are rapidly emerging clinical problems with serious health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of 2 structured lifestyle interventions, both differing in diet macronutrient composition, on insulin sensitivity. DESIGN This study was a randomized controlled trial, known as Researching Effective Strategies to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Children and Teenagers, in 2 hospitals in Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Participants included overweight or obese 10- to 17-year-olds with either prediabetes and/or clinical features of insulin resistance. INTERVENTION At baseline adolescents were prescribed metformin and randomized to a structured diet, which was either high carbohydrate or moderate carbohydrate with increased protein. The program commenced with a 3-month dietary intervention, with the addition of an exercise intervention in the next 3 months. OUTCOMES The outcomes included an insulin sensitivity, anthropometry, and cardiometabolic profile at 6 months. RESULTS One hundred eleven subjects (66 girls) were recruited and 98 subjects (58 girls) completed the 6-month intervention. After 3 months the mean insulin sensitivity index increased by 0.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.4]. After 6 months the mean insulin (picomoles per liter) to glucose ratio (millimoles per liter) decreased by 7.2 [95%CI -12.0 to -2.3], body mass index, expressed as a percentage of the 95th centile, decreased by 9% (95% CI -3 to -15), but there was no significant change in the lipids. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the diet groups at any time point. CONCLUSIONS These results are in contrast with our hypothesis that adolescents randomized to the increased protein diet would have better outcomes. Further strategies are required to better address prediabetes and clinical features of insulin resistance in adolescents.
Rotatable Dual Band-Notched UWB/Triple-Band WLAN Reconfigurable Antenna

In this letter, a compact reconfigurable asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed monopole antenna with size of 14<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\, \times \,$</tex></formula>16 mm<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^{2}$</tex></formula> that has a complementary reconfigurable performance with capability to operate in the ultrawideband (UWB) frequency from 3.2 to 11 GHz with two stopbands of 3.3–4.2 and 5–6 GHz and triple WLAN frequency bands of 2.4–2.9, 3.6–4.4, and 5–6 GHz is presented. The UWB antenna uses a simple rectangle patch with folded shape slit and stub as rejecting elements, and the mobile antenna uses an arc-shaped stub and inverted L-shaped stub as resonating elements. The performance agility and reconfigurable ability is achieved via a circular rotational motion of the patch. A simple clock stepper motor at the rear of the antenna is used to control the rotational part of the patch and activate the resonating elements. During the simulation, the driving motor effect has been considered. A good agreement is found between the simulated and the measured antenna properties. To the authors' awareness, a feature that the antenna is capable to cover two complementary bands is unique to this letter.
Incidence of Dementia, Alzheimer Disease, and Vascular Dementia in a Japanese Population: Radiation Effects Research Foundation Adult Health Study

Objective: To determine the age-, sex-, and subtype-specific incidence of dementia and to assess the effect of education level on the incidence in a Japanese population. Methods: 2,286 dementia-free subjects, aged ≧60 years, were followed for 5.9 years through biennial two-phase examinations. Results: 206 cases of dementia were newly diagnosed based on DSM IV. The incidence per 1,000 person-years was 12.0 for men and 16.6 for women. Based on NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, 80 cases of probable Alzheimer disease (AD) and 50 cases of possible AD were diagnosed. Based on NINDS-AIREN criteria, 36 cases of probable vascular dementia (VaD) and 40 cases of possible VaD were diagnosed. Age and education showed the most statistically significant effects for all dementia. Probable AD showed the most remarkable increase with age and decreased with increasing education level (p = 0.001). Probable VaD showed significant effects of sex (p = 0.033) and sex-age interaction (p = 0.048), but not education (p = 0.26). Conclusion: AD was the predominant type of dementia in this recent incidence study conducted in Japan, suggesting a reduction in VaD and an increase in AD. Age, sex, and education effects differed by dementia subtype.
The Declining Labor Income Shares Revisited: Intersectoral Production Linkage in Global Value Chains

The decrease in labor income share has gained worldwide publicity given that it may affect income inequality and other macroeconomic aggregates. This chapter focuses on global value chains (GVCs) as an important determinant of changes in the labor income share and indicates the mechanism responsible for the share decline under GVCs, which has not been documented in prior studies. The mechanism of developing countries is of particular research interest. In such countries, the services sector promotes capital deepening and increased involvement in GVCs because nonservices (especially manufactur- ing) tasks are offshored from developed to developing countries, creating demand for services as intermediate input to these tasks in the recipient developing countries. As a result, capital deepening is promoted in the services sector, and this results in lower labor income share. We conclude that the intersectoral production linkage between the services and nonservices sectors plays a major role in the downward trend of labor income share in developing countries.
Caffeine reinforcement demonstrated in a majority of moderate caffeine users

A mutually exclusive choice procedure was used to evaluate the reinforcing effects of caffeine in eleven normal subjects with histories of regular caffeine consumption (mean 256 mg/day). Subjects participated for 24 weeks; each week consisted of three consecutive daily sessions (two sampling days followed by a choice day) during which subjects were required to abstain from dietary sources of caffeine. On each sampling day subjects ingested four capsules, one every 2 h. Capsules contained placebo on one sampling day and caffeine (50 or 100 mg/capsule) on the other sampling day. Placebo and caffeine were associated with different color-coded capsules. At the beginning of the choice day subjects chose one of the two color-coded capsules they wished to take on that day; they were required to ingest one capsule and, thereafter, they could ingest up to six additional capsules of the same color throughout the day. Across subjects and dose, caffeine was chosen over placebo on 80% of choice occasions; nine of 11 subjects (82%) chose caffeine on more than 70% of choice occasions and caffeine choice was replicable despite changes in capsule colors across blocks. This is the first study in a relatively uncontrolled outpatient context to demonstrate significant caffeine reinforcement in the majority of normal subjects.
Treating erectile dysfunction with a vacuum tumescence device: a retrospective analysis of acceptance and satisfaction.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the quality of erections, ability to perform sexual intercourse, incidence of complications and satisfaction of patients using an external vacuum erection device in the treatment of erectile failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of the 61 impotent men who participated in this clinical trial, 49 used the device and were surveyed. The mean follow-up period was 12.8 months. A subjective rating scale from 1 to 10 was used to assess the patients' satisfaction with the device, where 1 indicated 'dissatisfied' and 10 indicated 'very satisfied'. RESULTS The ease of using the device, satisfaction with the quality of erections and ability to perform intercourse were given scores > 5 by 88, 84 and 82% of the patients, respectively. Sixteen (33%) of the men withdrew from the trial, primarily because they were unable to achieve and maintain a full erection, or suffered conflicts in their relationship, or for reasons not related to the device. Overall, the effectiveness rate was 67%. Of 32 patients with arteriogenic impotence, 28 (88%) had satisfactory results and had an improvement in their capacity for spontaneous erections with the device. The most frequent adverse effects were blocked ejaculation, bruising or the development of ecchymosis, discomfort during pumping and discomfort from using the constriction bands. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the vacuum device is an effective and safe treatment for impotence of various aetiologies, especially for those patients with arteriogenic impotence.
Outcomes After Orbital Atherectomy of Severely Calcified Left Main Lesions: Analysis of the ORBIT II Study.

OBJECTIVES The ORBIT II trial reported excellent outcomes in patients with severely calcified coronary lesions treated with orbital atherectomy. Severe calcification of the left main (LM) artery represents a complex coronary lesion subset. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of coronary orbital atherectomy to prepare severely calcified protected LM artery lesions for stent placement. METHODS The ORBIT II trial was a prospective, multicenter clinical trial that enrolled 443 patients with severely calcified coronary lesions in the United States. The major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate through 2 years post procedure, defined by cardiac death, myocardial infarction (CK-MB >3x upper limit of normal with or without a new pathologic Q-wave) and target-vessel revascularization, was compared in the LM and non-left main (NLM) groups. RESULTS Among the 443 patients, a total of 10 underwent orbital atherectomy of protected LM artery lesions. At 2 years, there was no significant difference in the 2-year MACE rate in the LM and NLM groups (30.0% vs 19.1%, respectively; P=.36). Cardiac death was low in both groups (0% vs 4.4%, respectively; P=.99). Myocardial infarction occurred within 30 days in both groups (10.0% vs 9.7%, respectively; P=.99). Severe dissection, perforation, persistent slow flow, and persistent no reflow did not occur in the LM group. Abrupt closure occurred in 1 patient in the LM group. CONCLUSIONS Orbital atherectomy for patients with heavily calcified LM coronary artery lesions is safe and feasible. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of orbital atherectomy in patients with severely calcified LM artery lesions.
Genes required for cytochrome c synthesis inBacillus subtilis

Cytochromes of c‐type contain covalently bound haem and in bacteria are located on the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. More than eight different gene products have been identified as being specifically required for the synthesis of cytochromes c in Gram‐negative bacteria. Corresponding genes are not found in the genome sequences of Gram‐positive bacteria. Using two random mutagenesis approaches, we have searched for cytochrome c biogenesis genes in the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Three genes, resB, resC and ccdA, were identified. CcdA has been found previously and is required for a late step in cytochrome c synthesis and also plays a role in spore synthesis. No function has previously been assigned for ResB and ResC but these predicted membrane proteins show sequence similarity to proteins required for cytochrome c synthesis in chloroplasts. Attempts to inactivate resB and resC in B. subtilis have indicated that these genes are essential for growth. We demonstrate that various nonsense mutations in resB or resC can block synthesis of cytochromes c with no effect on other types of cytochromes and little effect on sporulation and growth. The results strongly support the recent proposal that Gram‐positive bacteria, cyanobacteria, ε‐proteobacteria, and chloroplasts have a similar type of machinery for cytochrome c synthesis (System II), which is very different from those of most Gram‐negative bacteria (System I) and mitochondria (System III).
Temporal artery morphology and morphometry in giant cell arteritis

Paraffin sections and more than 7,000 plastic cross‐sections of temporal arteries from 27 patients with a clinical diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), 16 patients with a clinical diagnosis of temporal arteritis (TA) and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched postmortem controls were studied using light microscopy. A new method was developed to permit a morphometric comparison between biopsies and autopsy specimens. Two stages of inflammation were discerned in TA. In atrophic arterial segments there was a focal, foreign‐body, giant‐cell reaction to the calcified internal elastic membrane (IEM) with a spatially correlated, mononuclear cell infiltration. Isolated giant cells were also found to attack the IEM in these cases. The majority of the biopsies displayed a different picture with a diffuse macrophage attack on media and intima with numerous and apparently macrophage‐derived giant cells, which did not attack calcifications. The latter arteries were significantly widened (p < 0.02), which indicates that this phase is the later one. Non‐inflamed segments of PMR vessels displayed a significant, non‐reactive media atrophy compared with controls (p < 0.03) and their IEM calcifications were significantly larger (p < 0.02). The circumference was smaller in atrophic PMR arteries than in inflamed TA arteries (p < 0.006), which contradicts post‐inflammatory scarring.
Building Connections: Using Integrated Administrative Data to Identify Issues and Solutions Spanning the Child Welfare and Child Support Systems

We analyze the role of newly integrated data from the child support and child welfare systems in seeding a major policy change in Wisconsin. Parents are often ordered to pay child support to offset the costs of their children’s stay in foster care. Policy allows for consideration of the “best interests of the child. ” Concerns that charging parents could delay or disrupt reunification motivated our analyses of integrated data to identify the impacts of current policy. We summarize the results of the analyses and then focus on the role of administrative data in supporting policy development. We discuss the potential and limitations of integrated data in supporting cross-system innovation and detail a series of complementary research efforts designed to support implementation.
Frequency of dissociative disorders among psychiatric inpatients in a Turkish University Clinic.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the rate of dissociative disorders among psychiatric inpatients in a university clinic in Turkey. METHOD The Dissociative Experiences Scale was used to screen 166 consecutive inpatients admitted to the psychiatry clinic of a university hospital. The patients who had scores higher than 30 were matched for age and gender with 19 of the patients who scored below 10 on the scale. The patients in both groups were then interviewed with the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule by interviewers who were blind to their diagnoses and scores on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Patients who were diagnosed as having a dissociative disorder according to the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule were then interviewed by a clinician. RESULTS Twenty-four (14.5%) of the 166 patients had a score higher than 30 on the Dissociative Experiences Scale; 17 patients (10.2%) were diagnosed as having a dissociative disorder according to the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule. Nine patients (5.4%) had clinically confirmed dissociative identity disorder. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of the psychiatric inpatients in a Turkish university psychiatry clinic had dissociative disorder. Clinicians who work in general psychiatric inpatient units should be alert for chronic complex dissociative disorders.
Animal level risk factors associated with Babesia and Theileria infections in cattle in Egypt

In present study, blood samples were collected randomly from 439 cows at three main regions of Egypt (northern, central and southern). Molecular diagnosis of Babesia and Theileria infections by PCR amplification of DNA (gene) fragments, then cloning and sequencing of the positive samples were conducted. A questionnaire was created to imply the assumed risk factors and logistic regression statistical analysis was carried out to appraise the potential factors on the animal level. The results revealed that 49 (11.16%) and 45 (10.25%) cattle were infected with Babesia and Theileria parasites, respectively. B. bigemina (7.97%) and T. annulata (9.56%) were the most prevalent parasites. For Babesia sp. , final multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between the infection and irregular use of antiprotozoal drugs (P = 0.003; OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.12–0.65), management practice (P = 0.029; OR: 6.66; 95% CI: 1.21–36.59) and ecology area (P = 0.006; OR: 5.62; 95% CI: 1.63–19.31). However, for Theileria sp. infection, animal breed (P = 0.003; OR: 0.44; 95% CI:.45–1.00) and irregular use of antiprotozoal drugs (P<0.001; OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 2.62–5.60) were the potential risk factors. The results of the present study declare the prevalent bovine Babesia and Theileria sp. in Egypt based on molecular description. An impression on the potential risk factors associated with infections was obtained. Recognition of the potential risk factors associated with tick borne disease may be helpful to construct the best preventive measures.
The Long-Term Relationship Between De Jure and De Facto Judicial Independence

We study the long-term and dynamic relationship between de jure and de facto judicial independence using a large panel dataset covering up to 87 countries and as many as 61 years. In line with the prevailing theoretical view in the literature, our analysis shows a positive relationship between these variables. However, the magnitude of the relationship is quite small. The positive relationship between the two variables is primarily driven by non-OECD countries.
The weight of islands: Leveraging Grenada's material stocks to adapt to climate change

The building stock consumes large amounts of resources for maintenance and expansion which is only exacerbated by disaster events where large‐scale reconstruction must occur quickly. Recent research has shown the potential for application of material stock (MS) accounts for informing disaster risk planning. In this research, we present a methodological approach to analyze the vulnerability of the material stock in buildings to extreme weather events and sea‐level rise (SLR) due to climate change. The main island of Grenada, a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) in the Caribbean region, was used as a case study. A bottom‐up approach based on a geographic information system (GIS) is used to calculate the total MS of aggregate, timber, concrete, and steel in buildings. The total MS in buildings in 2014 was calculated to be 11.9 million tonnes (Mt), which is equivalent to 112 tonnes per capita. Material gross addition to stock (GAS) between 1993 to 2009 was 6.8 Mt and the average value over the time period was 4.0 tonnes per capita per year. In the year following Hurricane Ivan (2004), the per capita GAS for timber increased by 172%, while for other metals, GAS spiked by 103% (compared to average growth rates of 11% and 8%, respectively, between 1993 and 2009). We also ran a future “Ivan‐II” scenario and estimated a hypothetical loss of between 135 and 216 kilotonnes (kt) of timber from the building stock. The potential impact of SLR is also assessed, with an estimated 1.6 Mt of building material stock exposed under a 2‐m scenario. We argue that spatial material stock accounts have an important application in planning for resilience and provide indication of the link between natural disaster recovery and resource use patterns.
Abnormal liver function in common variable immunodeficiency disorders due to nodular regenerative hyperplasia

Patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders are monitored for liver function test abnormalities. A proportion of patients develop deranged liver function and some also develop hepatomegaly. We investigated the prevalence of abnormalities and types of liver disease, aiming to identify those at risk and determine outcomes. The local primary immunodeficiency database was searched for patients with a common variable immunodeficiency disorder and abnormal liver function and/or a liver biopsy. Patterns of liver dysfunction were determined and biopsies reviewed. A total of 47 of 108 patients had deranged liver function, most commonly raised alkaline phosphatase levels. Twenty‐three patients had liver biopsies. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia was found in 13 of 16 with unexplained pathology. These patients were more likely to have other disease‐related complications of common variable immunodeficiency disorders, in particular non‐coeliac (gluten insensitive) lymphocytic enteropathy. However, five had no symptoms of liver disease and only one died of liver complications. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia is a common complication of common variable immunodeficiency disorders but was rarely complicated by portal hypertension.
Kinetics of Plasma and Tissue Distribution of 9-cis-Retinoic Acid in Rat

The biotransformation and tissue distribution of 9-cis-retinoic acid was investigated in hairless rats. Indeed, only limited information is available about the pharmacokinetics of 9-cis-retinoic acid. Assuming that the target site for retinoids is the skin, tissue distribution study is therefore particularly justified. Following single oral administration of 30 mg/kg of 9-cis-retinoic acid, the parent drug and five metabolites were detected in plasma. Additionally, concentrations of 9-cis-retinoic acid and metabolites were determined in the skin and seven other tissues. The distribution of 9-cis-retinoic acid was rapid in all of the organs studied (Tmax ≤2 h). In skin, unchanged 9-cis-retinoic acid was still measurable up to 168 h after administration and was undetectable in other organs and plasma after 48 h.
Acute Kidney Injury in Burn Patients: Clinically Significant Over the Initial Hospitalization and 1 Year After Injury An Original Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective: To examine the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) after burn injury as an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality over initial hospitalization and 1-year follow-up. Background: Variability in fluid resuscitation and difficulty recognizing early sepsis are major barriers to preventing AKI after burn injury. Expanding our understanding of the burden AKI has on the clinical course of burn patients would highlight the need for standardized protocols. Methods: We queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases in the states of Florida and New York during the years 2009 to 2013 for patients over age 18 hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of burn injury using ICD-9 codes. We identified and grouped 18,155 patients, including 1476 with burns >20% total body surface area, by presence of AKI. Outcomes were compared in these cohorts via univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: During initial hospitalization, AKI was associated with increased pulmonary failure, mechanical ventilation, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, length of stay, cost, and mortality, and also a lower likelihood of being discharged home. One year after injury, AKI was associated with development of chronic kidney disease, conversion to chronic dialysis, hospital readmission, and long-term mortality. Conclusions: AKI is associated with a profound and severe increase in morbidity and mortality in burn patients during initial hospitalization and up to 1 year after injury. Consensus protocols for initial burn resuscitation and early sepsis recognition and treatment are crucial to avoid the consequences of AKI after burn injury.