Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Interstellar Medium in High-redshift Submillimeter Galaxies as Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy

Submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at are luminous in the far-infrared, and have star formation rates, SFR, of hundreds to thousands of solar masses per year. However, it is unclear whether they are true analogs of local ULIRGs or whether the mode of their star formation is more similar to that in local disk galaxies. We target these questions by using Herschel-PACS to examine the conditions in the interstellar medium (ISM) in far-infrared luminous SMGs at –4. We present 70–160 μm photometry and spectroscopy of the [O iv]26 μm, [Fe ii]26 μm, [S iii]33 μm, [Si ii]34 μm, [O iii]52 μm, [N iii]57 μm, and [O i]63 μm fine-structure lines and the S(0) and S(1) hydrogen rotational lines in 13 lensed SMGs identified by their brightness in early Herschel data. Most of the 13 targets are not individually spectroscopically detected; we instead focus on stacking these spectra with observations of an additional 32 SMGs from the Herschel archive—representing a complete compilation of PACS spectroscopy of SMGs. We detect [O i]63 μm, [Si ii]34 μm, and [N iii]57 μm at in the stacked spectra, determining that the average strengths of these lines relative to the far-IR continuum are , , and , respectively. Using the [O iii]52 μm/[N iii]57 μm emission line ratio, we show that SMGs have average gas-phase metallicities . By using PDR modeling and combining the new spectral measurements with integrated far-infrared fluxes and existing [C ii]158 μm data, we show that SMGs have average gas densities, n, of and FUV field strengths, (in Habing units: ), consistent with both local ULIRGs and lower luminosity star-forming galaxies.
`Interior explorations' Paul Belloni du Chaillu's dream book

This paper will suggest that du Chaillu's Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa can be read as a book which presents to the reader a series of dream scenes that centre on the figures of gorillas, cannibals and negroes. I will argue that, by thus positioning himself as a subject who experiences West Africa as if it were a dream, du Chaillu brings back from his interior explorations not only scientific knowledge, but also dream knowledge, and that these two ways of knowing Africa are inseparably interwoven.
Surviving the Holocene: Human Ecological Responses to the Current Interglacial in Southern Valencia, Spain

For hunter-gatherer groups, the dramatic changes in climate at the end of the last glacial cycle necessitated rearrangement of land use, including shifts in mobility strategies, settlement location, and resource use. We examine these behavioral changes using lithic attribute data as well as spatial distributions of artifacts and features. Using data from intensive survey and excavation, we trace human ecological response through the onset of the current interglacial in central Mediterranean Spain, comparatively far from the margins of the north-temperate ice sheets.
A Molecular Prognostic Model Predicts Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis

Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has the highest mortality rates in China. The 5-year survival rate of ESCC remains dismal despite improvements in treatments such as surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation, and current clinical staging approaches are limited in their ability to effectively stratify patients for treatment options. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to develop an immunohistochemistry-based prognostic model to improve clinical risk assessment for patients with ESCC. Methods We developed a molecular prognostic model based on the combined expression of axis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated Specificity protein 1 (p-Sp1), and Fascin proteins. The presence of this prognostic model and associated clinical outcomes were analyzed for 130 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded esophageal curative resection specimens (generation dataset) and validated using an independent cohort of 185 specimens (validation dataset). Results The expression of these three genes at the protein level was used to build a molecular prognostic model that was highly predictive of ESCC survival in both generation and validation datasets (P = 0.001). Regression analysis showed that this molecular prognostic model was strongly and independently predictive of overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.358 [95% CI, 1.391–3.996], P = 0.001 in generation dataset; hazard ratio = 1.990 [95% CI, 1.256–3.154], P = 0.003 in validation dataset). Furthermore, the predictive ability of these 3 biomarkers in combination was more robust than that of each individual biomarker. Conclusions This technically simple immunohistochemistry-based molecular model accurately predicts ESCC patient survival and thus could serve as a complement to current clinical risk stratification approaches.
Unilateral Breast Edema in two Patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion

Unilateral breast edema usually signifies an underlying pathology of the breast and prompts extensive investigations for the purpose of an early treatment. Although breast edema has been reported with other systemic etiologies, it has not been described in patients with lung cancer. We report two cases of unilateral breast edema occurring in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and ipsilateral pleural effusion. Mammography and ultrasound of the breast both revealed increased interstitial density suggestive of fluid retention without any underlying masses. We performed a therapeutic pleurocentesis on one patient for symptomatic relief, and there was simultaneous improvement of the breast edema. We postulate a possible pathophysiology for the association between breast edema and malignant pleural effusion. The principle of management when one encounters similar cases would be to treat the underlying pleural effusion.
The incidence of labial fusion in children

Abstract A retrospective study of 9070 female infants born at the Foothills Provincial Hospital was conducted to determine the incidence of labial fusion at birth. A prospective study was also conducted on 1970 female patients assessed through a paediatric outpatient clinic to determine the incidence of labial fusion in this population. None of the newborn infants had labial fusion. Thirty‐five children (1.8%) assessed at the paediatric outpatient clinic were found to have labial fusion with a peak incidence at 13–23 months of age (3.3%).
Real‐world effectiveness of clozapine in patients with bipolar disorder: results from a 2‐year mirror‐image study

Nielsen J, Kane JM, Correll CU. Real‐world effectiveness of clozapine in patients with bipolar disorder: results from a 2‐year mirror‐image study. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 863–869. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Antioxidant and molecular chaperone defences during estivation and arousal in the South American apple snail Pomacea canaliculata

SUMMARY The invasive Pomacea canaliculata estivates during periods of drought and should cope with harmful effects of reoxygenation during arousal. We studied thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid and reduced glutathione), and heat shock protein expression (Hsc70, Hsp70 and Hsp90) in (1) active control snails, (2) snails after 45 days of estivation, and (3) aroused snails 20 min and (4) 24 h after water exposure, in midgut gland, kidney and foot. Both kidney and foot (but not the midgut gland) showed a TBARS increase during estivation and a decrease after arousal. Tissue SOD and CAT did not change in any experimental groups. Uric acid increased during estivation in all tissues, and it decreased after arousal in the kidney. Allantoin, the oxidation product of uric acid, remained constant in the midgut gland but it decreased in the kidney until 20 min after arousal; however, allantoin levels rose in both kidney and foot 24 h after arousal. Reduced glutathione decreased during estivation and arousal, in both midgut gland and kidney, and it remained constant in the foot. Hsc70 and Hsp70 kidney levels were stable during the activity–estivation cycle and Hsp90 expression decreases during estivation and recovers in the early arousal. In foot, the expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 was high during activity and estivation periods and disminished after arousal. Results indicate that a panoply of antioxidant and molecular chaperone defences may be involved during the activity–estivation cycle in this freshwater gastropod.
Viscosity of hydrous rhyolitic melts inferred from kinetic experiments, and a new viscosity model

Abstract Viscosity of hydrous silicate melts is a critical property for understanding magma transport, bubble growth, volcanic eruption, and magma fragmentation. We report new inferred viscosity for hydrous rhyolitic melt in the viscosity range of 109 to 1015 Pa·s based on the kinetics of hydrous species reactions in the melt upon cooling (i.e., based on the equivalence between the glass-transition temperature and the apparent equilibrium temperature), as well as data from bubble-growth experiments. By combining viscosity data of rhyolitic melts containing from 6 ppm to about 8.0 wt% total H2O (both our own data and literature data), we propose the following relation for the dependence of viscosity on total H2O content at a given temperature and pressure: where η is viscosity and 1/η is fluidity, η1 is the viscosity of the dry melt, x is the mole fraction of total dissolved H2O, n and η2 are two fitting parameters, and η2 can be interpreted to be the viscosity of the hypothetical melt consisting of pure H2O. The above simple equation appears to work well in modeling viscosity of hydrous rhyolitic melts. Using the above functional form and a weighted nonlinear regression, experimental data covering 570 to 1920 K and 0.0006 to 8.2 wt% total H2O are used to obtain the following non-Arrhenian model for the viscosity of Mono Crater rhyolitic melts: logη = -log{exp(18.5611 - 49584/T) + exp[1.47517 - (1795.5/T)1.9448]x1+ (1812.2/T)2} where T is in K, and x is the mole fraction of total dissolved H2O on a single oxygen basis. The 2σ uncertainty in the above 6-parameter formula is 0.36 in terms of logη (for experimental data with errors smaller than 1 log unit), much less than uncertainties in all previous models for hydrous rhyolitic melt. We hence recommend its use for predicting the viscosity of high-SiO2 and calc-alkaline rhyolitic melts. Our model shows that a minute H2O content can still affect the melt viscosity significantly, especially at low temperatures (i.e., high viscosity). For example, at 973 K, the viscosity of rhyolitic melt increases by 1.2 orders of magnitude from a melt with 0.1 wt% total H2O to a melt with less than 100 ppm total H2O. Because a nominally “dry” melt may still contain some H2O, such as several hundred ppm, it is critical for experimentalists to report its total H2O content for viscosity measurements. Some inconsistency in literature viscosity data might be attributable to small variations in H2O content in the samples.
Weak detrusor contractility correlates with motor disorders in Parkinson's disease

Limited attention has been paid to the relationship between urinary symptoms or urodynamic findings and motor disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to correlate pressure‐flow urodynamic parameters with video‐gait analysis parameters in PD. We recruited 41 patients with PD (25 men and 16 women; age, 70.6 ± 8.5 years; H & Y motor grading: 2 [range, 1–3]; disease duration: 4 years [range, 1–7]; taking levodopa 300 mg/day [range, 100–400]). All patients underwent pressure‐flow urodynamics (parameters: first sensation, bladder capacity, detrusor overactivity [noted in 24 patients], and Watts factor [WF]) and video‐gait analysis (parameters: time and number of strides for 5‐m gait [simple task] and time for timed up and go [complex task]). Statistical analysis was made by Mann‐Whitney's U‐test for analyzing the relation between detrusor overactivity and gait as well as Spearman's rank‐correlation coefficient test for analyzing the relation between the remaining parameters and gait. We found no relation between filling‐phase urodynamics (detrusor overactivity, first sensation, and bladder capacity) and video‐gait analysis parameters. By contrast, we found a significant relation between voiding‐phase urodynamics (WF, reflecting detrusor power) and all three video‐gait analysis parameters (reflecting lower‐half bradykinesia and loss of postural reflex) in our PD patients (P < 0.01). The close relation between the WF and motor disorders in the present study suggests that, though clinically mild, a weak detrusor in PD might have a central origin. We should follow postvoid residual volume carefully in PD patients with advanced gait disorder, because postvoid residual volume might increase in such patients. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Comparison of Lead and Cadmium Contents in Cruciferous Vegetables Grown under Diversified Ecological Conditions: Cracow Region of Poland

The aim of the present study was to compare lead and cadmium contents in cruciferous vegetables grown under diversified ecological conditions for three consecutive years, independently of the climatic and agrotechnical conditions. The research was conducted in the Cracow region of Poland and tests vegetables near the Steelworks, from ecological farms, and from local markets. The heavy metal contents were determined using the validated Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method, including electrothermal atomization, with an ET-AAS graphite cuvette (Varian AA240Z, made by Varian). Cruciferous vegetables cultivated in the areas surrounding the Steelworks were characterized by alarmingly high lead content versus ecological and commercially available vegetables, while the contents of this metal in vegetables from the two latter locations did not differ. It cannot be definitively stated that the origin of vegetables influenced their cadmium content.
Pain response in the first trimester after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with or without bone marrow edema.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Presence of bone marrow edema (BME) in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCF) detected by MR imaging as selection criterion for percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) is speculative. To clarify significance of BME in VCF, we assessed pain response after PV in patients with VCF with full BME versus patients with VCF with absent BME. METHODS From a cohort of patients with painful VCF selected for PV, pain response in 14 patients with absent BME in VCF was prospectively compared with pain response in 31 patients with full BME in VCF. Pain was evaluated before PV and at 1 and 3 months after PV with visual analog scores and analgesics used. Back pain in general and at treated vertebral levels was assessed. RESULTS Pain decrease after PV at treated levels was observed in 10 (71%) patients with absent BME in VCF at both follow-up periods and in 29 (94%) patients with full BME 1 month after PV and 30 (97%) at 3 months after PV. Differences between the groups were significant (P = .04 at 1 month; P = .01 at 3 months). Pain response was not affected by other patient or imaging characteristics. General back pain after PV was comparable in both groups after PV (P = .08 at 1 month; P = .4 at 3 months). CONCLUSION Pain decrease after PV in patients with VCF is more frequently observed when full BME is present. Because 71% of patients with VCF with absent BME responded favorably on pain, PV should not be withheld based on absence of BME alone.
Caesar's Ambition: A Combined Reading of Plutarch's Alexander-Caesar and Pyrrhus-Marius

Plutarch's analysis of ambition in Alexander-Caesar cannot be understood within the confines of that pair alone. However, when read together with the Pyrrhus-Marius, the pair most closely tied to Alexander-Caesar by common themes and by implicit and explicit cross-references, an important link between ambition and paideia emerges. Though Alexander's ambition is as prevalent as Caesar's, he does not earn Plutarch's reproach because his innate susceptibility to reason and his love of philosophy enable him to restrain his ambition. Caesar cannot, so his ambitions prevent him from deriving any benefit from his accomplishments.
Proximal Tibial Segmental Prosthetic Replacement Without the Use of Muscle Flaps

When doing a proximal tibial prosthetic reconstruction, some surgeons think that the subcutaneous location of the proximal tibia necessitates a gastrocnemius muscle flap for closure and function. In this study, 22 patients with bone tumors had proximal tibial segmental prosthetic replacement using direct reattachment of the patellar tendon to the prosthesis without the use of a muscle flap. Two of 19 patients required reoperation in the postoperative period for hematomas. Both were free of infection or other complications at 24 months mean followup. No other wound complications occurred despite initiation of chemotherapy 2 to 3 weeks after surgery in patients with high-grade malignant tumors (15 of 19). The mean followup was 38.6 months (range, 13–99 months). The patients ranged in age from 15 to 74 years (mean, 39 years). The range of motion achieved postoperatively showed a mean of 97° (±16.3°). All patients had full passive extension with a mean extensor lag of 7.5°. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 27.6 (± 2.0). These results of patients without muscle flaps compare favorably with published results advocating gastrocnemius flaps for the attachment of the patellar tendon to the prosthesis.
Chromatin , Gene , and RNA Regulation SNF 5 / INI 1 De fi ciency Rede fi nes Chromatin Remodeling Complex Composition during Tumor Development

Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT), a pediatric cancer that most frequently appears in the kidney and brain, generally lack SNF5 (SMARCB1/INI1), a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Recent studies have established thatmultiple SWI/SNF complexes exist due to the presence or absence of different complex members. Therefore, the effect of SNF5 loss upon SWI/SNF complex formation was investigated in humanMRT cells. MRT cells and primary human tumors exhibited reduced levels of many complex proteins. Furthermore, reexpression of SNF5 increased SWI/SNF complex protein levels without concomitant increases in mRNA. Proteomic analysis, using mass spectrometry, of MRT cells before and after SNF5 reexpression indicated the recruitment of different components into the complex along with the expulsion of others. IP–Western blotting confirmed these results and demonstrated similar changes in other MRT cell lines. Finally, reduced expression of SNF5 in normal human fibroblasts led to altered levels of these same complex members. These data establish that SNF5 loss during MRT development alters the repertoire of available SWI/SNF complexes, generally disrupting those associated with cellular differentiation. These findings support a model where SNF5 inactivation blocks the conversion of growth-promoting SWI/SNF complexes to differentiation-inducing ones. Therefore, restoration of these complexes in tumors cells provides an attractive approach for the treatment of MRTs. Implications: SNF5 loss dramatically alters SWI/SNF complex composition and prevents formation of complexes required for cellular differentiation. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1574–85. 2014 AACR.
Biomechanical analysis of the canine hind limb: calculation of forces during three-legged stance.

This paper presents a three-dimensional biomechanical model of the canine hind limb, and describes the process of determining the muscle forces and joint reaction forces and moments occurring in the hind limb during three-legged stance. The model was based on anatomical and morphometric data presented in a previous paper. Equations of equilibrium were formulated for the different components of the hind limb. Since the number of unknowns exceeded the number of equations, the problem was statically indeterminate. Two optimization techniques were applied to solve this statically indeterminate problem. The resultant hip-joint reaction force (acting on the acetabulum) predicted by these optimization methods ranged between 0.73 and 1.04 times body weight, and was directed dorsally, medially and caudally. The resultant knee-joint reaction force (acting on the femur) ranged between 1.05 and 1.08 times body weight, and was directed dorsally, laterally and cranially. The largest muscle forces predicted by the minimization of maximal muscle stress (MMMS) criterion were in the biceps femoris (0.24 times body weight), rectus femoris (0.15 times body weight), medial gluteal (0.18 times body weight), semi-membranosus (0.09 times body weight), the lateral and intermediate vastus (0.18 times body weight) and the medial vastus (0.17 times body weight). The largest muscle forces predicted by the minimization of the sum of muscle forces (MSMF) criterion were in the biceps femoris (0.29 times body weight), lateral and intermediate vastus (0.45 times body weight)), and the deep gluteal (0.16 times body weight). The magnitudes and directions of the forces in the joints of the canine hind limb, as well as in the muscles that surround these joints, provide a database needed for future biomechanical analyses of the physiology and pathophysiology of the canine hind limb.
Electrophysiological investigation of the gustatory effect of ethyl alcohol. I. The summated response of the chorda tympani in the cat, dog and rat.

Hellekant, G. Electrophysiological investigation of the gustatory effect of ethyl alcohol. I: The summated response of the chorda tympani in the cat, dog and rat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 392–397. – The summated response of the chorda tympani nerve to alcohol is characterized by an initial depression, a slow onset of the discharge and then a strong positive response to a water rinse. The initial period of decreased activity is related to the alcohol concentration, in such a way that a stronger solution diminishes the period of depressed activity in the nerve. The increase of activity is greater in the cat and the dog than in the rat. This positive response in the cat and rat shows a maximum after which no further increase in the response can be observed with increased alcohol concentration. Evidence is presented that the strong response to water after alcohol emanates from gustatory fibres which respond positively to water. The possibility of rat gustatory responses to water and the types of gustatory fibres responsive to alcohol are discussed.
Mechanisms of Iron Uptake from Ferric Phosphate Nanoparticles in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

Food fortification programs to reduce iron deficiency anemia require bioavailable forms of iron that do not cause adverse organoleptic effects. Rodent studies show that nano-sized ferric phosphate (NP-FePO4) is as bioavailable as ferrous sulfate, but there is controversy over the mechanism of absorption. We undertook in vitro studies to examine this using a Caco-2 cell model and simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Supernatant iron concentrations increased inversely with pH, and iron uptake into Caco-2 cells was 2–3 fold higher when NP-FePO4 was digested at pH 1 compared to pH 2. The size and distribution of NP-FePO4 particles during GI digestion was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The d50 of the particle distribution was 413 nm. Using disc centrifugal sedimentation, a high degree of agglomeration in NP-FePO4 following simulated GI digestion was observed, with only 20% of the particles ≤1000 nm. In Caco-2 cells, divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and endocytosis inhibitors demonstrated that NP-FePO4 was mainly absorbed via DMT1. Small particles may be absorbed by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and micropinocytosis. These findings should be considered when assessing the potential of iron nanoparticles for food fortification.