Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pray Away the Criminal? Crime, Religiosity, Gender and Sexuality Over the Life Course

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) individuals in the United States seem to be making strides in some social institutions, such as family, due to the recent ruling on marriage equality. Still, there remains a contentious relationship between sexual and gender minority youth, adults, and the institution of religion, for many faith systems. This study explores the relationship between religiosity, long theorized to act as a protective factor from offending, gender and sexuality. We use three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) (Wave I, N = 12,940; Wave III, N = 10,742; Wave IV, N = 8,362) to look at these relationships over three stages of the life course (adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood) on a particular type of offending: selling drugs. We find that while the effects of high levels of religiosity are protective from selling drugs, the effect is not as strong on sexual minority youth and adults as their sexual majority counterparts. We also find the effects of gender are stronger than sexual minority status, across the life course.
Oxidation of Solid Phase and Ionic Strength Effect to the Cesium Adsorption on Pumice Tuff

In-situ oxidation of solid phase was considered to investigate adsorption behavior under different geochemical parameters like pH, initial concentration and ionic strength. Pumice tuff, a potential host rock for low and intermediate radioactive wastes, has been affected by the redox zone. The characterization of the fresh and oxidized tuff was performed by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and mercury intrusion porosimetry. In order to compare the difference of distribution coefficient (Kd) in fresh and oxidized pumice tuffs, a batch adsorption study was carried out at the range of pH (4 - 12), ionic strength (0.003, 0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mol/dm3) and initial cesium concentration (10ǆ, 10Ǉ, 10ǈ and 10ǉ mol/dm3). Based on experimental Kd values, ionic strength was found to be the most influential factor, whereas the effects of pH, initial Cs concentration and weathering condition of pumice tuff were negligible. The recalculated Kd values suggest that the existing surface complexation model is applicable to explain the sorption coefficients through the wide range of solution conditions.
Do flying foxes limit flower abortion in African baobab (Adansonia digitata)? Case study in Benin, West Africa

Introduction. The plant baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a multipurpose tree in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the role of bat-induced pollination in baobab fruiting. Materials and methods. The tree was studied in three different climatic regions in Benin Republic: Materi, Dassa-Zoume and Come-Houeyogbe, representing the Northern, Central and Southern parts of the country, respectively. Tree size (diameter at breast height, height, crown diameter) and flower size (sepals and petals length and width) were measured from each of the trees in the study areas and flower visitation by bats was monitored. Bats’ contribution to pollination success was also evaluated by monitoring caged and free flowers. Results and discussion. There were significant differences in tree and flower sizes among the three regions. Significant differences were also observed in the mean number of bat visits per tree and pollination success among tree populations, but, fruit set per tree was not significantly different among baobab populations, at least in the first 8 weeks. In all populations, flower abortion was significantly elevated in caged flowers. Conclusion. Based on findings of this study, it can be concluded that bat-pollination increases the fruit set rate, making it an important factor for in situ regeneration of baobab trees in the country.
YOUNG “DIPPER” STARS IN UPPER SCO AND OPH OBSERVED BY K2

We present ten young (≲10 Myr) late-K and M dwarf stars observed in K2 Campaign 2 that host protoplanetary disks and exhibit quasi-periodic or aperiodic dimming events. Their optical light curves show ∼10–20 dips in flux over the 80-day observing campaign with durations of ∼0.5–2 days and depths of up to ∼40%. These stars are all members of the ρ Ophiuchus (∼1 Myr) or Upper Scorpius (∼10 Myr) star-forming regions. To investigate the nature of these “dippers” we obtained: optical and near-infrared spectra to determine stellar properties and identify accretion signatures; adaptive optics imaging to search for close companions that could cause optical variations and/or influence disk evolution; and millimeter-wavelength observations to constrain disk dust and gas masses. The spectra reveal Li i absorption and Hα emission consistent with stellar youth (<50 Myr), but also accretion rates spanning those of classical and weak-line T Tauri stars. Infrared excesses are consistent with protoplanetary disks extending to within ∼10 stellar radii in most cases; however, the sub-millimeter observations imply disk masses that are an order of magnitude below those of typical protoplanetary disks. We find a positive correlation between dip depth and WISE-2 (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer-2) excess, which we interpret as evidence that the dipper phenomenon is related to occulting structures in the inner disk, although this is difficult to reconcile with the weakly accreting aperiodic dippers. We consider three mechanisms to explain the dipper phenomenon: inner disk warps near the co-rotation radius related to accretion; vortices at the inner disk edge produced by the Rossby Wave Instability; and clumps of circumstellar material related to planetesimal formation.
Sex ratios in populations of Geranium sylvaticum in European Russia

Flowers of Geranium sylvaticum L. are normally hermaphroditic and have 10 stamens. Some flowers have reduced non-functional anthers or do not have anthers at all; these flowers are called female flowers. Flowers with 1–9 functional anthers are classified as intermediate (Asikainen & Mutikainen 2003). Such a reduction probably prevents self-fertilization and lets female flowers produce more seeds, or seeds with greater nutrient stores, which increases the population’s fitness (Asikainen & Mutikainen 2003, 2005; Ramula & Mutikainen 2003). A negative correlation has been found between the frequency of female flowers and seed production of hermaphroditic flowers in G. sylvaticum populations (Asikainen M female flowers are less frequent in southern populations (Asikainen & Mutikainen 2003). Low numbers of ‘intermediate’ flowers were found in very low frequency (less then 1%) in less than half of the Southern Finland populations, and only one population had 42% of intermediate-type flowers. Northern populations, in contrast, showed higher frequencies of intermediate flowers. Sex ratio variation among populations may also be explained by ecological factors that affect the relative seed fitness of the two gender morphs (Asikainen & Mutikainen 2003). As G. sylvaticum is widely distributed in Europe and Asia, we decided to investigate other populations of this species to determine whether the latitudinal distribution pattern of flower type observed in Finland is a general pattern. We also attempted to check whether sex ratio variation between populations is caused by habitat conditions.
THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF SATISFACTION ON STUDENT LOYALTY TO HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

Main purposes of this study were to examine links between student perceived value, student trust, university image, and student satisfaction to student loyalty and to describing an influence relationship of mediator variables in student loyalty model. The model was tested through the use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural equations methodology. Empirical data were drawn from 100 private university students in the upper north of Thailand. Questionnaire method and multi - stage sampling techniques were used in collecting data with an error 1% sample size. Data analysis with descriptive statistics and structural equations model analysis were used to test hypothesis model. Results from this study indicated that the student satisfaction (SATIS) and three antecedent variables: university image (IMAGE), student trust (TRUST), and student perceived value (PERC) have positive influence to student loyalty (STULOY) with statistical significant level 0.05. This model was perfectly fit with an empirical data and was predicted by student satisfaction and antecedent variables up to 82.5%. Moreover, the results also show that student perceived value was the construct that most influence to university image and student trust, and strongly indirect influence to student satisfaction. The influence of perceived value is also relevant to student loyalty via student satisfaction. The most important issue is an impact of student satisfaction variable that has highest directly influence and transmits relative influence linkage between antecedent variables and dependent variable. In conclusion, student satisfaction was a mediating variable and it implied that the student satisfaction was the major driver of student loyalty.
Who Do Scientists in Public Research Institutions Cooperate with Private Firms

As public research institutions are increasingly pressured to transfer research results to industry, evaluation of their performance is not only based on their scientific output but also on their commercialization success. Although it is well known that research cooperation activities are an important channel of knowledge transfer, the knowledge about factors driving research cooperation is limited. This paper explicitly focuses on scientist perspective and investigates the relevance of academic values and perceived costs and benefits of cooperation for a scientist's decision to cooperate with private firms. Our analysis is based on two survey waves performed with scientists in the Max Planck Society in Germany which is a publicly funded research organization focusing on basic research. Our empirical results suggest that open science identity is an important determinant of scientist fundamental decision to cooperate with private firms at all. The decision to keep on cooperating with private firms is directly influenced by cost sharing incentives and by firms' confidentiality requirements. Besides these direct effects, our results suggest that perceived reputational reward, monetary benefits, and time costs associated with cooperation influence cooperation behavior indirectly through their impact on the attractiveness of cooperation. The latter is a strong and robust predictor of cooperation behavior.
Assimilation of selenium in the marine copepod Acartia tonsa studied with a radiotracer ratio method

Assimilation of selenium in the marine copepod Acartia tonsa, feeding on the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, was studied using a new dual-label radiotracer ratio method. Copepods were fed diatoms labeled with the gamma-emitting isotopes 75Se and 2 4 1 ~ n 1 . The diatoms had concentrated selenite " ~ e 1.1 X lo5 times and 2 4 1 ~ m 2.9 X 105 times out of seawater. Mass balance calculations indicated that only about 1 % of the ingested 2 4 1 ~ m was retained in the copepods after gut evacuation. suggesting this isotope as an excellent tracer of bulk ingested material. The assimilation efficiency of the ingested 7 5 ~ e was determined by relating its activity to that of 2 4 1 ~ n 1 in the food and fecal pellets of the copepod. The 7 5 ~ e concentration in the feces was consistently lower than that in the food by over an order of magnitude. The assimilation efficiency of selenium in A. tonsa was found to be 97.1 5 1.5 % over a series of experiments, and remained constant over feeding periods ranging from 6 to 49.5 h. Mass balance calculations of selenium assimilation efficiency gave comparable values to those generated with the ratio method. The high assimilation efficiency of selenium in planktonic animals may account for its relatively long residence time in surface waters. The application of a dual gamma-emitting radiotracer ratio method for determining assimilat~on efficiencies of ingested elements could be readily extended to many other elements and animals.
Fiscal Consequences of Monetary Integration within the Common Economic Area: The Case of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia

The aim of this paper is to analyze the possible impact of planned monetary integration on public sector revenues from seigniorage in three countries: Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. Using the concept of total gross seigniorage, we investigate the main sources and uses of the central bank revenues in these countries. Special attention is given to the role of seigniorage revenues in financing public sector expenditures. Amounts of yearly transfers from central banks to the state budget in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia are evaluated, and the size of potential gains and looses in seigniorage revenues under different scenarios of monetary integration are estimated.
STUDIES UPON THE POSSIBILITIES OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES' CULTIVATION IN CHICK EMBRYOS AT DIFFERENT AGE

Chick embryos (CE) at different age (9and 14-day-old) were experimentally inoculated with avian influenza viruses with different concentration. The first concentration of the strain A/duck/England/56 H11N6 was 10 ELD50/0.1 mL and 10 EID50/0.1 mL, whereas for the strain A/duck/ Ukraine /1/63 H3N8 the concentration was 10 ELD50/0.1 mL and 10 EID50/0.1 mL. The second concentrations of respective strains were 10 ELD50/0.1 mL and 10 EID50/0.1 mL (A/duck/England/56 H11N6) and 10 ELD50/0.1 mL and 10 EID50/0.1 mL (A/duck/Ukraine/ 1/63 H3N8) (1000-fold dilution). The results showed that a more rapid and at higher percentage death was observed in 9-day-old CE than in 14-day-old CE. Inocula with lower viral concentration exhibited higher death times by 24 h in all infected chick embryos. A higher amount of haemagglutinins were detected in 14-day-old CE. Probably, this was related to delayed death and the potential for accumulation of haemagglutinins at higher quantities.
Philanthropic Venture Capital: Venture Capital for Social Entrepreneurs?

Since social entrepreneurship is a relatively young activity, resourcerich actors, like Philanthropic VCs, have considerable influence over how the space matures (Nicholls, 2010b). The resources and strategic advice that PhVCs provide their SEs shape an institutional logic for the domain. As such, PhVCs enhance legitimacy of the emerging area of social entrepreneurship. This monograph's main contribution is to delineate the current state of PhVC, identifying differences with traditional VC financing, and identify areas of future research. In particular, this work responds to Nicholls (2010b) and Austin et al.'s (2006b) call for research on what types of finance SEs have access to. More specifically, we focus on understanding what PhVC is and how its social value creation investment logic makes it different from traditional VC, opening avenues for future research in this area.
Automatic correction of image intensity non-uniformity by the simplest total variation model

Extending if possible the spectacular applications of the total variation model in image processing, this paper proposes an extension of the TV model to attenuate the effects of non-uniform illumination in digital images. We compare the simplest possible linear algorithm and the simplest possible total-variation based algorithm. The comparison demonstrates once again that the total variation model improves images with minimal halo artifacts. We show that with a single contrast parameter (which keeps the same value in most experiments), the total variation model delivers state of the art results. They compare favourably to results obtained with more complex algorithms. Our algorithm is designed for all kinds of images, but with the special specification of making minimal image detail alteration thanks to a first order fidelity term, instead of the usual zero order term. Experiments on non-uniform medical images and on hazy images images illustrate significant perception gain.
A COMPARISON OF CRITICAL THINKING, SELF-EFFICACY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND ENGINEERING

The present research aims at comparing critical thinking, self-efficacy and academic performance of students of humanities Faculty and technical-engineering Faculty of Ahwaz Chamran University. To do this, 400 students (200 from technical engineering faculty and 200 from humanities faculty) were selected by cluster sampling. They answered to the critical thinking questionnaire (Facione and Facione, 1997) and general self-efficacy questionnaire (Sheerer and Adams, 1982). The results of the research analyzed by multivariate variance analysis showed a significant difference at (p< 0/001) in critical thinking and academic performance between the two groups of humanities students and technical-engineering. However, no difference was seen in the self-efficacy scale.
An Empirical Investigation on Leadership Styles Applied for Global Brand Management of Multinational Organizations in the United States

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the application of leadership styles in multinational organizations operating in the United States for their global brand management. Design/Methodology/Approach: This quantitative study design uses three hundred and seventy (370) sample units that were drawn from all levels in organizations in collecting data for the final analysis. Findings: Situational leadership style is the most dominant leadership style applied in global brand management. However, certain critical perspectives at the time of investigation revealed from the study are discussed in the paper. Originality/Value: This study is the first to provide underpinnings of employee’s perception of leadership.
Prospects for determining the mass distributions of galaxy clusters on large scales using weak gravitational lensing

For more than two decades, the Navarro, Frenk, and White (NFW) model has stood the test of time; it has been used to describe the distribution of mass in galaxy clusters out to their outskirts. Stacked weak lensing measurements of clusters are now revealing the distribution of mass out to and beyond their virial radii, where the NFW model is no longer applicable. In this study we assess how well the parameterised Diemer & Kravstov (DK) density profile describes the characteristic mass distribution of galaxy clusters extracted from cosmological simulations. This is determined from stacked synthetic lensing measurements of the 50 most massive clusters extracted from the Cosmo-OWLS simulations, using the Dark Matter Only run and also the run that most closely matches observations. The characteristics of the data reflect the Weighing the Giants survey and data from the future Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). In comparison with the NFW model, the DK model favored by the stacked data, in particular for the future LSST data, where the number density of background galaxies is higher. The DK profile depends on the accretion history of clusters which is specified in the current study. Eventually however subsamples of galaxy clusters with qualities indicative of disparate accretion histories could be studied.
Tubal subfertility and ectopic pregnancy. Evaluating the effectiveness of diagnostic tests

Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the interand intra-observer reproducibility of the interpretation of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in die diagnosis of tubal pathology, and to assess the relation between this reproducibility and the diagnostic performance of HSG. Methods: Four observers evaluated 143 HSGs twice, on proximal tubal occlusion, distal tubal occlusion, hydrosalpinx and peritubal adhesions. Reproducibility (interand intra-observer agreement) of the interpretation of HSG was expressed in terms of kappa-values. Diagnostic performance was expressed in terms of sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios (LR), using diagnostic laparoscopy with chromopertubation as the reference strategy. Results: Kappa-values for reproducibility between observers were almost perfect for proximal occlusion, substantial for distal occlusion and hydrosalpinx, and moderate for adhesions. Kappa-values for reproducibility within observers were almost perfect for proximal occlusion and substantial for distal occlusion, hydrosalpinx and adhesions. Hysterosalpingography had a high specificity in the diagnosis of proximal occlusion, but a low sensitivity. The performance of HSG in the diagnosis of distal tubal occlusion, absence of hydrosalpinx and adhesions was poor. The LR for the presence of hydrosalpinx was high. Conclusion: Proximal tubal occlusion detected on HSG changed the pre-test probability of proximal tubal occlusion from 16% to 50%, whereas proximal tubal patency detected on HSG changed the pre-test probability from 16% to 9%. It is unlikely that a lack of reproducibility of the interpretation of proximal tubal occlusion is responsible for the low sensitivity; alternative explanations are artifacts occurring while performing HSG or laparoscopy being an imperfect reference strategy. Hysterosalpingography has no value in the detection of peritubal adhesions. Reprinted by kind permission from Human Reproduction.
Understanding Online Impulsive Buying Behaviour of Students

Now a day internet has become the main source of information and it is being used widely in daily life. As internet is a powerful source it is used by the organisations for competitive advantage. The consumers’ possibility to buy impulsively is suggested to increase further because of convenience of online shopping. There are number of factors which influence the online impulsive buying behaviour of the consumers. This study examines the factors affecting the online buying behaviour of the consumers. To investigate the factors data was collected through the structured questionnaire from the students pursuing graduation and post graduation. Factor analysis was used to reveal the results. Personal behaviour, situation at the time of purchase, promotion, ethical issues has impact on the online impulsive buying of the consumers. The results of the study will be helpful to the online firms which want to increase the online impulse buying behaviour of the consumers.
On Estimating Conditional Conservatism

ABSTRACT: The concept of conditional conservatism (asymmetric earnings timeliness) has provided new insight into financial reporting and stimulated considerable research since Basu (1997). Patatoukas and Thomas (2011) report bias in firm-level cross-sectional asymmetry estimates that they attribute to scale effects. We do not agree with their advice that researchers should avoid conditional conservatism estimates and inferences from research based on such estimates. Our theoretical and empirical analyses suggest the explanation is a correlated omitted variables problem that can be addressed in a straightforward fashion, including fixed-effects regression. Correlation between the expected components of earnings and returns biases estimates of how earnings incorporate the information contained in returns. Further, the correlation varies with returns, biasing asymmetric timeliness estimates. When firm-specific effects are taken into account, estimates do not exhibit the bias, are statistically and economical.