Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on the insertion characteristics of rectus muscles and its relation with the axial length of eye ball in cadaveric eyes from an eastern Indian population

The primary aim was to record measurements of relevant anatomy of recti muscle insertions in relation to limbus and with each other, and also to find whether these measurements vary with the axial length of the eyeball in an eastern Indian perspective. Eye balls ( n= 64, 20 female and 44 male) from Institutional eye bank were examined, within eight hours of death of the donor, under operating microscope by a single observer between May 2009 to April 2010.The mean distance from limbus to each rectus muscle at midpoint and at each end of insertion was measured by Castroviejo caliper. Additional parameters studied were length of each rectus muscle insertion (‘width’), distance between each rectus muscle insertion and measurement of axial length using 10 MHz ultrasonic A scan probe. Data collected was entered in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and analysed by using statistical software SPSS 10. The frequency was calculated in percentages. Criteria for significance used in the study was at p 0.05) difference was found between male and female eyes regarding length of line of rectus muscles insertion. No statistically significant correlation (p>0.05) was observed between the axial length and various measurements of rectus muscle insertion. Results of this study might help local strabismologists in revaluation of the spiral of Tilluax based on regional (Eastern Indian) perspective. Key words : Eye ball; Rectus muscles; Rectus muscle insertion; Axial length; Indian population.
Preliminary study of whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging in detecting pulmonary metastatic lesions from clear cell renal cell carcinoma: comparison with CT

Background Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been widely used in detecting malignant metastases, including pulmonary metastases. Purpose To evaluate the possible utility of whole-body DWI in detecting pulmonary metastases of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and compare the exact differences between MR and CT in detecting pulmonary lesions. Material and Methods Whole-body DWI and chest CT examinations were performed on nine consecutive patients (8 men and 1 woman) with histologically confirmed ccRCC and possible metastatic lesions before chemotherapy. Results CT and MR demonstrated pulmonary metastases in seven patients and no metastatic lesions in two patients. The numbers of pulmonary metastases detected on CT, DWI-only, T1WI-only and DWI in combination with T1WI were 83, 35, 34 and 39, respectively. Metastases with a diameter above 1.0 cm could all be detected by DWI and a diameter above 0.7 cm could all be detected by DWI in combination with T1WI. Significant differences were obtained both for correlationship between diameter and detection rates of DWI and T1WI by using Spearman rank correlation analysis. Conclusion Although MR cannot be considered a replacement for CT in pulmonary metastases from ccRCC, whole-body DWI, with the combination of T1 dual echo, might be helpful for the evaluation of tumor response to chemotherapy in the follow-up of patients when the diameter of the pulmonary metastases is over 1.0 cm.
Clinical effects of midazolam-ketamine and midazolam-thiopentone anaesthesia in bovines

Twenty-four buffaloes suffering from various surgical affedions were randomly divided into 2 groups and were subjected to anaesthetic trials using two different drug combinations. In group I (n=10), anaesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.1 mg/kg body wt) and ketamine (4.0 mg/kg body wt) administered intravenously. In animals of group II, midazolam (0.2 mg/kg body wt, i.v.) was followed 5 min later by 5. % thiopentone sodium administered to effect. The anaesthesia was maintained with 5% thiopentone sodium in both groups. Midazolam and ketamine produced good quality induction and duration of anaesthesia was 14.9±0.77. min in animals of group I. Midazolam @ 0.2 mg/kg body wt proved to be a satisfactory preanaesthetic, and anaesthesia was induced and maintained with 5 per cent thiopentone sodium with a mean induction dose reduced to 5.0±0.8 mg/kg body wt (i.e. about 50%) in group II. The maintenance dose of thiopentone sodium was 2.17±0.17g in group I and a total dose of 3.61±0.8 g in group II for a surgery of 40.40±10.50 min duration. Both the combinations produced good surgical anaesthesia. The restoration of vital reflexes and recovery was quicker in animals of group I as compared to group II.
The Relation between Tension and Exposure Times in Radiography

Elaborate exposure experiments, covering several regions of the body, thorax, stomach, pelvis, etc. and employing widely varying tensions have shown that, where the exposures were correct in terms of density, the resultant radiographs were almost identical in appearance. It was, in fact, extremely difficult to see any difference between these films (Dr. v. d. PLAATS, Miss VAN DIJK 1941). At that time the need was already felt for a mathematical expression giving the relationship between tension and mAs
Serology for Brucella abortus in cart horses from an urban area in Brazil

Avaliou-se a infeccao por Brucella abortus em cavalos de carroca de Curitiba e Sao Jose dos Pinhais-PR. Um total de 123 amostras foi submetido ao teste do antigeno tamponado acidificado (ATA), soroaglutinacao lenta em tubos (SAL) e prova do 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME) para confirmacao dos resultados. Oito (6,5%) equinos foram positivos para o ATA e um animal permaneceu positivo ao teste confirmatorio. Existem evidencias da presenca de brucelose entre os cavalos de carroca.
Predisposing Factors

Lip cancer is regarded as a type of tumour due to chronic irritation. This does not imply however that external factors are the contributory cause in all cases of lip cancer. Opinion diverges in some respects as to the significance of different irritative factors for carcinogenesis. The proofs' which have been presented are in general not fully convincing, which is not surprising in view of the difficulties in the way of evaluation of the possible role of these factors. There are, namely, many factors to be reckoned with and the greatest difficulty lies in the evaluation of the significa.nce of each one of them. Observations on individual cases are here of little or no value. The only possibility of clarifying these problems seems to be an investigation and statistical analysis of a large series of lip cancers. A number of such investigations have also been carried out and will be referred to in the following in connection with my own observations and results in the respects in question. The material which has been placed at my disposal is suitable for such a survey, among other reasons, on account of its size. The following predisposing factors can come in question:
Impact of Saliva and Intraoral Appliance on Erosion Lesions Rehardening Ability - A Pilot Study

Objective: To evaluate the ability of different periods of salivary exposure and two different removable appliances to rehardening initial erosive lesions. Material and Methods: This randomized, single blind in situ study was conducted with 2 crossover phases. The factors under study were: period of salivary exposure (15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours) and type of oral appliance (maxillary or mandibular). Two hundred enamel blocks were selected by initial surface hardness (SHi). Enamel blocks were demineralized in vitro (0.05M citric acid; pH2.5 for 15 seconds), surface hardness (SHd) was remeasured and 160 blocks were selected and randomized among groups. Thus, there were 2 blocks per period of salivary exposure in each type of oral appliance for each one of the 10 volunteers. In each phase, one of the removable appliances was tested. The response variable was percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR=[(SHf-SHd)/SHi)]x100). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were applied adopting 5% of significance. Results: No difference was found among oral appliances on enamel rehardening (p>0.01). Salivary exposure of 2 hours promoted similar enamel rehardening when compared to 1 hour (p>0.05), which showed similar rehardening to 30 min. All mentioned period of salivary exposure promoted superior rehardening than 15 min (p>0.01). Conclusion: The salivary time exposure between erosive attacks might be 2 hours to achieve a feasible maximum rehardening. In addition, both maxillary and the mandibular appliance have presented a similar rehardening ability.
Diagnosis, progression and intervention in Sjogren's syndrome

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory and lymphoproliferative progressive autoimmune disease. It is characterized by B cell activation and infiltration of T and B cells in the exocrine glands. Common symptoms are related to diminished lacrimal and salivary gland function. Besides keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia, patients can present with severe systemic complications, such as vasculitis and nephritis. Furthermore, 5 percent of patients with SS develop malignant B cell lymphoma during follow-up. Diagnosis of SS remains difficult, especially with regard to the oral component. Still is much unknown with regard to loss of salivary gland function and the evolution of malignant lymphoma, and there is no evidence-based intervention therapy. The main objective of the first part of this thesis was to optimize diagnostic procedures in SS with regard to histopathology, collecting of saliva, and imaging. Next, progression of salivary gland dysfunction and lymphoma development were studied. In the last part of this thesis, the effect of B cell depletion in SS with or without MALT lymphoma was evaluated.
Dendrites and disease

While the functional properties of dendrites in the normal brain are the main focus of this book, there is a long history of research related to changes in dendrites that are associated with certain neurological, psychiatric, and developmental disorders. Much of this research has documented morphological changes in dendritic structure, but a significant increase in work has appeared since the second edition of this book in which changes in dendritic function have been described. In this chapter we briefly review some of the research relating structural changes in dendrites to disease, sufficient to provide a beginning reference source for readers interested in pursuing the subject further. The bulk of this chapter, however, will focus on the current state of knowledge related to dendritic “channelopathies. ” These are defined as genetic or acquired defects in the normal function or expression of ion channels (with a focus on voltage-gated ion channels) that are known to regulate how neuronal dendrites process and store information. The most specific and detailed information is available for epilepsy, which will be discussed at some length, but other data will be presented for certain neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism, fragile X syndrome) and diseases of the adult and aging brain. Based on our knowledge of the normal properties of dendrites, we provide a framework for understanding how dendritic channelopathies can influence synaptic integration and plasticity and thus form the basis of abnormal brain function.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER OF LIVER AND INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS BASED ON FARS PROVINCE CANCER REGISTRY’S DATA, (2001-08)

Article history: Received: 29 May 2011 Accepted: 24 Aug 2011 Available online: 28 Oct 2012 ZJRMS 2013; 15(2): 86-89 Background: Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in men and seventh most common cancer in women. This study aims at analyzing epidemiologically the liver and bile duct cancer in Fars province during 2001 to 2008. Materials and Methods: In this epidemiological study, the crude incidence rate (CIR) was measured per 100,000 people and the liver cancer’s age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) was measured using direct standardization and world’s standard population. Results: Out of 344 registered liver cancer cases, 54.4% were men and 45.6% were women. The ASR of liver cancer in 2008 was estimated 3.4 cases per 100,000 which has a significant ascending trend (p=0.001). Conclusion: The ASR in this study shows that like other countries in West Asia, Fars Province is categorized as a region with low incidence rate.
Nursing Students Perception towards Profession and Future Intentions

Exploratory survey was carried out to find out the perception of outgoingB.sc nursing students towards nursing profession and carrier plans. perception and future life orientation is important in judging the students. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected outgoing fourth year B. Sc(N) students in selected colleges of Tirupati. Findings of the study were most of the students (71%) were self motivated to pursue nursing and (84%) preferred to go for higher education. More than three thirds (84%) felt it is an opportunity to get government jobs and nearly more than half(58%) preferred to go abroad for employment . Fifty six percent of students expressed their desire to change profession, Almost all of students felt nursing profession gives opportunity to serve the humanity but majority stated it is not equal to other professions. Less than half prefer to be employed at bedside and nursing administration. Nursing administrators and professional associations need to create opportunities for higher education in nursing. Financial incentives and, promotional opportunities have tobe provided to nursing professionals to create interest to retain themselves in nursing profession. It is further recommended that nursing educators can play an important role in providing guidance and counselling to nursing students regarding career prospects.
FAMILIAL PREVALENCE OF PCOS AND PCOS-RELATED FEATURES IN UPPER EGYPT

Background: A genetic cause of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was suggested 30 years ago, and this has been investigated in different communities. This work evaluated the prevalence of PCOS and PCOS-related features among family members of PCOS patients in Upper Egypt. Patients, Materials and Methods: Clinical and hormonal evaluation was performed for mothers, sisters and brothers of 198 patients of PCOS. The findings were compared to those in 99 control families. Results: PCOS was diagnosed in an average of 26 % of PCOS mothers and sisters; versus 5.4 % of the control families. Isolated central obesity and type II diabetes, as sole features, were found in 45.5 % and 27.7 %, respectively, in these PCOS relatives as compared to 17.2% and 8.4 %, in the control families. Premature baldness was diagnosed in 41 of 107 (38.3 %) brothers of these patients, compared to 11 of 113 males (9.7%) of the control families. Conclusion: PCOS and PCO phenotypes are common findings amongst PCOS first-degree relatives in Upper Egypt.
Clinical Pharmacogenetics of the Major Adenosine Triphosphate−Binding Cassette and Solute Carrier Drug Transporters

Interindividual variability in drug response is a significant problem in clinical practice, and it is likely that genetic variation among the drug transport genes are major contributors to such variability. Numerous genetic alterations affecting the members of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) families of transporters have been identified. Considerable data exist regarding how mutations in the ABCB1 gene that encodes p-glycoprotein impact drug disposition and response in vivo, but many study reports are conflicting on both the direction of any effect as well as the significance of any alteration. Many possible reasons for such discrepant study results have been identified, and efforts to improve the quality of such pharmacogenetic clinical association studies are ongoing. For most other clinically important transporters relatively, little clinical data exist regarding the significance of known genetic variants despite in vitro evidence of altered function for many of these transporters. What clinical data do exist suggest that certain mutations in ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 may be of importance clinically. Until the current uncertainties regarding the importance of genetic variants in drug transporter genes are clarified, the clinical application of existing pharmacogenetic data should be done with caution.
Randomized run-in study of bevacizumab (B) and everolimus (E) in low- to intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumors (LGNETs) using perfusion CT as functional biomarker.

4002 Background: Studies have shown promising results for mTOR inhibitor, E, and VEGF inhibitor, B, in LGNETs. In our prior study, decrease in tumor blood flow (BF) following B was proportional to baseline BF suggesting B decreased BF by a fixed percentage. Methods: LGNET patients with lesion(s) ≥ 3 cm were randomized to therapy with B or E for one 21-day cycle. On cycle 2 day 1, the alternate agent was added (B+E). Functional CTs (fCTs) assessing tumor BF, blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface (PS) were mandatory. Primary objectives were to determine the effects of B or E as well as B+E on BF. Response was evaluated by RECIST every 9 weeks. Results: 112 fCTs were performed among 39 eligible (treated) patients. 64 lesions among 36 patients were evaluated at 3 time points. B alone led to a 32% decrease in BF (p<0.01) and no significant change in MTT. E alone was associated with increase in MTT (13%; p=0.02) but not with decrease in BF. Addition of E to B led to a further decr.
Experimental Investigations

t has already been maintained that earlier experimental reseI arch on the presumed relation of the carotid sinus to the cerebral circulation has been limited to methods not allowing any direct observation of the vessels of the brain (p. 20). As, however, the evidence hitherto obtained h3s been conflicting, it was deemed desirable to study the subject by means of a method enabling us to inspect directly the cerebral vessels under conditions reproducing the normal as near as ever possible. The method accordingly selected was the window technique of FORBES, combined with stimulation of the nerve from the carotid sinus region to the trunk of the glossopharyngeus ( athe carotid sinus nerve 2 ). Various technical modifications such as cross-circulations, heart-lung-head preparations, and transsections of the spinal cord were undertaken during the course of the investigation in order to elucidate certain special questions.
Life in Slums: A Case Study of Bahawalpur

One of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slums dwellers, by 2020. The MDG target 11 set by Government of Pakistan to improve the lives of slum dwellers is to regulate the 95 percent of katchi abadis (identified by the cut-off date of 1985) by 2015. Along with it, under Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and Mid-term Development Framework (MTDF) the target was/is to regulate the 60 and 75 percent of katchi abadisby 2005-06 and 2009-10 respectively. To see the implications and prospects of these targets the paper probes the life in slums of Bahawalpur as a case study. In this data-based micro study we assess the situation of living conditions (potable water supply, sanitation, public utilities, sufficient living area, household with durable material), household characteristics (compositions, headship, type of employment and educational status, etc.) social safety nets (transfer payments and micro-finance), women labor force participation and their contribution, health and educational status of children and child labor. To identify the slum areas, an operational definition of slums has been developed, that is slightly different in the part of water avail-ability, sanitation and building material, from that given by UN-Habitat. In this way twelve clusters are taken as sample spreading over whole of the Bahawalpur city. The study provides a micro-view of the standard of living of slum households to the planners and policy makers along with policy proposals to frame the strategy for improvement of lives in slums. The study concludes that urban slums are the poorest in the urban community from a number of poverty perspectives. They represent poverty pocket and need targeted policies. The multi-pronged, short and medium term policies need attention in the areas of housing, education, health, sanitation and income generating activities. Most of all the social safety nets can play an important role. The district governments may act as identifying and implementing agencies.
A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This study aimed at revisiting and divulging the existing empirical evidence regarding the informational efficiency and random walk in stock markets of developed and emergent markets. The critical analysis of statistical tools used is out of the purview of this study. Most of the empirical literature on the topic after the seminal work of Fama (1965a) is based on the developed markets. However, emergent markets received greater attention of the researchers after the huge inflow of capital in these markets after financial liberalization. Review of literature reveals varied results for efficiency and random walk in case of developed and emerging markets. Developed markets empirically found to be more efficient than emergent markets. Highly contradictory results are observed for emerging markets depending on the size, influence of insider trader, market integration, liberalization, trading volume, trading process, and infrequent trading. Empirical evidence in favour or against efficiency is a major contribution towards the strategic trading adeptness of a portfolio manager and of a proficient investor.
Surgical indications for thyroid nodules

Study objective: Thyroid nodules are so common as to constitute a public health problem. The abundant literature on their diagnostic management reflects the absence of a consensus. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the gold-standard diagnostic investigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate thyroid nodule management in our department according to the rules of evidence-based medicine. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 398 patients managed at our department for thyroid nodules over a 3-year period. Diagnostic performance characteristics were computed for physical findings, radionuclide scanning, high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS), and HRUS-guided FNAB, using surgical specimen histology as the reference. Results: Age older than 70 years; a hard nodule upon palpation; and presence of cervical lymphadenopathy were significantly associated with a diagnosis of cancer. Hypoechogenicity and microcalcifications by HRUS and malignant or suspicious cells by FNAB significantly predicted cancer. Likelihood ratios were similar for FNAB and HRUS. Radionuclide scanning failed to assist in the diagnosis of cancer. Conclusion: High-resolution ultrasonography and high-resolution ultrasonography guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy are the best diagnostic tools for differentiating benign nodules from suspicious or malignant nodules. (Fr ORL - 2005 ; 86 : 1 - 9)
Sexual Abuse in South Asian Immigrant Marriages

This article focuses on a discussion of some of the norms around sexuality and their implications for sexual abuse of South Asian immigrant women. Based on the narratives of abused South Asian immigrant women, it explains how women define and understand their own experiences of sexual abuse. The article examines three forms of sexual abuse: (a) marital rape and sexual assault, (b) sexual control through manipulation of reproductive rights, and (c) sexual control through the construction of the “sexual other. ” Sexual abuse by significant others besides the husband in the immigrant context is also briefly discussed.