Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrient supply to reed canary grass as a bioenergy crop

Production of renewable energy from herbaceous crops on agricultural land is of great interest since fossil fuels need to be replaced with sustainable energy sources. Reed canary grass (RCG), Phalaris arundinacea L. is an interesting species for this purpose. The aim of this thesis was to study different approaches to reduce the requirement of mineral fertilizers in RCG production for bioenergy purposes. Paper I describes a study where fertilization effects and risk of heavy metal enrichment were studied, using annual applications of ash for seven years. Ash from co-combustion of RCG and municipal wastes (mixed ash), pure RCG ash and commercial fertilizers were compared. The experiment was harvested each spring. Paper II describes an ongoing study in which the effects of intercropping RCG in mixture with nitrogen-fixing perennial legumes are examined in two experiments, in combination with various fertilization treatments. Three fertilization treatments were applied: high N, low N (half of the high N) and low N + RCG ash/sewage sludge. A delayed harvest method was used; cutting the biomass in late autumn and harvesting in spring. Besides dry matter yield, the N-fixation rate was estimated. The results from paper I showed no differences between treatments in the dry matter yields or in the heavy metal concentrations in the biomass. Soil samples, taken when the experiment was finished, showed differences between treatments for Cd, Pb and Zn only in the uppermost soil level, highest levels for the mixed ash treatment. The results in paper II showed that at one site the legume proportion in the mixtures was low and did not affect RCG growth negatively. The high N treatment gave a higher spring yield than the low N treatments. Mean rates of N2-fixation in the first production year were 12-28, 33-40 and 55 kg N ha-1 kg for goat´s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.), plots, respectively. At the other site, competition with higher proportion of the clovers affected RCG growth and spring yield negatively. The N-fixation rates were 33 - 42 kg N ha-1 for red clover and 24 kg N ha-1 for alsike clover. As a conclusion, pure RCG ash can be used to complement mineral fertilizers in RCG crops, but it is important to analyse the ash for plant nutrients and heavy metals before use. There was no spring yield benefit of legume/RCG intercropping. Thus, the method cannot be recommended in a spring harvest system, at least not under the tested conditions.
Bariatric Nutrition: Suggestions for the Surgical Weight Loss Patient

Bariatric Nutrition: Suggestions for the Surgical Weight Loss Patient Allied Health Sciences Section Ad Hoc Nutrition Committee: Linda Aills, R.D. (Chair), Jeanne Blankenship, M.S., R.D. , Cynthia Buffington, Ph.D., Margaret Furtado, M.S., R.D. , Julie Parrott, M.S., R.D. * Private practice (food and nutrition consultant), Reston, Virginia University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration, Florida Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland Plaza Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases
Determinants of Income Diversification and Its Effect on Household Income in Rural Vietnam

Exploiting data of Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2010, the study aims at finding determinants of income diversification at household level in rural Vietnam and evaluating effects of income diversification on household income. The data set covers 6,571 rural households of eight socio-economic regions. Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) is applied to show income diversification at household level. Two-limit tobit model is applied to detect effects of household features and community characteristics on HHI then generalized method of moments (GMM) is employed to test effects of HHI on household income. The results show that human capital in both quantity and quality terms plays a substantial role in encouraging rural households to diversify their income-generating activities. Rural households with higher education level and higher diversification ability tend to have more diverse income sources. Owning larger sources of physical capital, or better credit accessibility, and social capital also helps rural households improve income diversity. The study results also confirm that income diversification is the dynamic of rural income improvement. Households can increase their income by diversifying their farm and non-farm activities.
Local anomalies around the third peak in the CMB angular power spectrum of the WMAP 7-year data

We estimate the power spectra of CMB temperature anisotropy in localized regions on the sky using the WMAP 7-year data. Here, we report that the north hat and the south hat regions at the high Galactic latitude (|b| >= 30 deg) show anomaly in the power spectrum amplitude around the third peak, which is statistically significant up to 3 sigma. We try to figure out the cause of the observed anomaly by analyzing the low Galactic latitude (|b|< 30 deg) regions where the galaxy contamination is expected to be stronger, and regions that are weakly or strongly dominated by the WMAP instrument noise. We also consider the possible effect of unresolved radio point sources. We found another but less statistically significant anomaly in the low Galactic latitude north and south regions whose behavior is opposite to the one at the high latitude. Our analysis shows that the observed north-south anomaly at high latitude becomes weaker on the regions with high number of observations (weak instrument noise), suggesting that the anomaly is significant at sky regions that are dominated by the WMAP instrument noise. We have checked that the observed north-south anomaly has weak dependences on the bin-width used in the power spectrum estimation and the Galactic latitude cut. We have also discussed the possibility that the detected anomaly may hinge on the particular choice of the multipole bin around the third peak. We anticipate that the issue of whether the anomaly is intrinsic one or due to the WMAP instrument noise will be resolved by the forthcoming Planck data.
Insider Justice: Defense Attorneys and the Handling of Felony Cases

An enduring issue in the study of the legal process concerns the equal treatment of parties. This area of study has focused particularly on the felony criminal courts, where decisions can have a profound impact on fundamental rights and liberties. Numerous empirical studies have probed the question of how case outcomes are affected by a defendant's bail status, race, sex, and socioeconomic status.1 Considerably less attention has been given to the defendant's advocate in criminal proceedings. To be sure, the effect of being represented by a publicly paid attorney has received some empirical scrutiny, largely as an extension of the interest in socioeconomic bias within the criminal process.2 An equally important attribute of the defendant's advocate is the nature of his ties to the local court community. The role of these ties has interested empirically oriented legal scholars for over fifty years. The reason for this interest is fairly clear. Judges and prosecutors are regarded as full-time, regular members of local court com-
Knowledge and attitude towards tuberculosis among sandstone quarry workers in desert parts of Rajasthan.

Aim: The present study was conducted to test the knowledge and attitude of sand-stone quarry workers of Jodhpur on tuberculosis. Material and Methods: Nineteen sand-stone quarry sites were selected randomly in Jodhpur district from which 376 quarry workers were interviewed who consented to participate in the study. Results: Their literacy rate was 28.5%. More than half (50.5%) had heard about tuberculosis from neighbours followed by friends (42.6%) and family members (37.2%). Only 1.6% knew that tuberculosis was caused by germs and 45.2% respondents had misconception that TB was a hereditary disease. Literates were more aware than illiterates about symptoms of tuberculosis. Only 6.9% knew about the need of treatment for 6-8 months and 0.8% knew about the use of BCG vaccine for prevention of tuberculosis. Tendency to discriminate TB patients was evident as 72.6% respondents opined to isolate TB patients from the family and 80.6% opined to avoid sharing food with these patients. Conclusion: Extensive health education directed towards bringing a change in attitude among sandstone quarry workers is needed to create awareness and remove myths about tuberculosis in such groups of people in the community.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT PURCHASING AND ITS EFFECT ON PURCHASING’S OPERATIONAL PERFOMRANCE AND INTERNAL CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Introduction

Supply chain management (SCM) and total quality management (TQM) can help provide organizations with a sustainable competitive advantage by improving product quality and service while reducing cost. An effective purchasing function is one of the essential competencies to supply chain success and quality management. The objective of this research was to empirically examine a mediational model in which quality management purchasing has a direct impact on purchasing’s internal customer satisfaction and an indirect impact mediated through purchasing’s operational performance. All measurement scales satisfy key measurement criteria including unidimensionality, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability. Our study showed that quality management purchasing is significantly related to purchasing’s operational performance and internal customer satisfaction.
Formal Concept Analysis Based Corrective Ap- proach Using Query-log for Web Page Classifica- tion

Web page classification has many applications and plays a vital role in web mining and semantic web. Web pages contain much irrelevant information that does not reflect their categories or topics, and operates as noise in the process of their classification, especially when using a text classifier. Thus, the use of information from related web pages can help to overcome the problem of noisy content and to get a better result after the classification. Web pages are linked either directly by hyperlinks or indirectly by us- er's intuitive judgment. In this work, we suggest a post clas- sification corrective method that uses the query-log to build an implicit neighborhood, and collectively propagate classes over web pages of that neighborhood. This collective propa- gation helps improving text classifier results by correcting wrongly assigned categories. Our technique operates in four steps. In the first step, it builds a weighted graph called ini- tial graph, whose vertices are web pages and edges are im- plicit links. In the second step, it uses a text classifier to de- termine classes of all web pages represented by vertices in the initial graph. In the third step, it constructs clusters of web pages using Formal Concept Analysis. Then, it applies a first adjustment of classes called Internal Propagation of Categories (IPC). In the final step, it performs a second adjustment of classes called External Propagation of Cate- gories (EPC). This adjustment leads to significant improve- ments of results provided by the text classifier. We conduct our experiments using five classifiers: SVM (Support Vector Machine), NB (Naive Bayes), KNN (K Nearest Neighbors), ICA (Iterative classification algorithm) based on SVM and ICA based on NB, on four subsets of ODP (Open Directory Project). We also compare our approach to Classification using Linked Neighborhood (CLN) considered as the closest algorithm to EPC. Results show that: (1) when applied after SVM, NB, KNN or ICA classification, IPC followed by EPC help bringing improvements on results. (2) F1 scores pro- vided by our approach with any of the five classifiers are significantly better than those obtained by CLN. (3) The performance provided by our proposed approach grows proportionally to the size of the query-log, and to the density of the weighted graph.
Exports, investments and economic development of pre-accession countries of the European Union: an empirical investigation of Bulgaria and Romania

This paper attempts to analyse the relationship between exports, investments and economic development in two pre-accession countries of the European Union, Bulgaria and Romania. For investigation of this relationship a multivariate autoregressive VAR model is used. The results of cointegration analysis showed that there is one cointegrated vector among exports, investments and economic growth for the two countries. Granger causality tests based on error correction models (ECM) indicated that there is a ‘strong Granger causal’ relation between economic growth and exports as well as between investments and exports for the two countries. In addition, economic development and capital accumulation in an economy seem to have just as much of an influence on exports as exports have on capital accumulation and economic development.
Aalborg Universitet Students ’ digital learning environments

The objective of the paper is to examine the nature of students’ digital learning environments to understand the interplay of institutional systems and tools that are managed by the students themselves. The paper is based on a study of 128 students’ digital learning environments. The objectives of the study are 1) to provide an overview of tools for students’ study activities, 2) to identify the most used and most important tools for students and 3) to discover which activities the tools are used for. The empirical study reveals that the students have a varied use of digital media. Some of the most used tools in the students’ digital learning environments are Facebook, Google Drive, tools for taking notes, and institutional systems. Additionally, the study shows that the tools meet some very basic demands of the students in relation to collaboration, communication, and feedback. Finally, the study shows that most of the important tools are not related to the systems provided by the educational institutions. Based on the study, the paper concludes with a discussion of how institutional systems connect to the other tools in the students’ practices, and how we can qualify students’ digital learning environments in relation to existing and emerging needs.
Modulation in Direct Radiative Forcing Caused by Wind Generated Sea-Salt Aerosols

Sea-salt aerosols, prominent natural aerosols over the ocean, play a vital role in direct and indirect radiative forcing. Since surface winds are the prime cause of sea-salt generation, we have developed an empirical relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and sea-surface winds over the study region (60-70 degrees E; 40 degrees S-20 degrees N). The latitudinal variation of background aerosol optical depth (tau(0)) and the wind index (b) are estimated as they are essential inputs for the estimation of the spatial variation of sea-salt aerosols and are used over the Arabian Sea (AS) to generate spatial heterogeneity of sea-salt aerosols. The latitudinal variation of tau(0) and b show a nearly exponential and linear increase, respectively, as we moved towards the north. We used an empirical-cum-model approach to construct an aerosol system to reproduce the observed AOD and aerosol optical properties. Utilizing this information as input to a radiative transfer model, we worked out direct radiative forcing (DRF) over the study region in the short wave (0.2-4 mu m) and long wave (8-14 mu m) region at the surface, top of the atmosphere (TOA) and in the atmosphere. Short wave cooling at the surface, TOA and heating in the atmosphere are estimated as 40 W m(-2), 32 W m(-2) and 8 W m(-2), respectively. Long wave heating due to the sea-salt aerosols estimated at the surface, TOA and in the atmosphere is about 9 W m-2, 6 W m-2 and 15 W m-2 respectively. Long wave forcing (LWF) partly counterbalances the effect of short wave forcing (SWF) and the cooling at the surface and at TOA. The highest value of such an offset at the surface was observed over the AS (similar to 23%) and that at TOA was similar to 19%, obviously at high wind conditions. This implies that over the AS sea-salt aerosols (in coarse mode) contribute significantly to LWF compared to other adjacent oceanic regions.
Engineering project organization: defining a line of inquiry and a path forward

The formalization of a line of inquiry requires three elements: a foundational definition, an operational context and a path forward to guide researchers within the domain. In this initial Pathfinding paper, these elements are addressed for the engineering project organization line of inquiry. The field of engineering project organization research is put forth as a distinct pursuit within the overall field of organization research. In this distinct domain, engineering, social science, business and public policy are integrated as foundational pillars within the context of infrastructure development and the requirement to meet multiple levels of stakeholder requirements. The paper puts forth the argument that traditional perspectives of project-based organizations and project management are no longer sufficient to address the challenges of an evolving global economy, focus on environmental concerns and multi-cultural projects. Rather, it is necessary to forge a new path that embraces interdisciplinary persp.
AN EARLY PANNONIAN (LATE MIOCENE) TRANSGRESSION IN THE NORTHERN VIENNA BASIN. THE PALEOECOLOGICAL FEEDBACK

The studied sections are situated on the northwestern margin of the Vienna Basin. They represent a character- istic marginal facies of Lake Pannon in the late Miocene Pannonian stage. Biofacies as well as lithofacies point to a transgressive event resulting in the shift from deltaic, riverine conditions to the formation of freshwater marshes and lakes and, finally, in the deposition of offshore clays. Biostratigraphically, the logged sequences correspond to the regional Pannonian mollusc "zone" C. The extraordinarily fine-scaled paleoecological resolution might serve as a basis for a correlation of 4th order changes reported from basinal settings of the northern Vienna Basin. Thus the rapid facies succession on the northwestern margin of the Vienna Basin is interpreted as being linked to major lake level changes rather than to solely local changes in the riverine system.
Neural Network Modelling of Outdoor Noise Levels in a Pilot Area

Noise measurements were made for 16 relevant outdoor points in the central campus area of Yildiz Technical University. All measurements were performed in accordance with Turkish Standards using an HD 9019 sound level meter. A new and sophisticated modelling technique called artificial neural networks was used to model the variation of noise levels from traffic around the campus area. The model inputs were the position of the measurement station, the geographical situation between the noise source and the measurement station, wind speed and direction, air temperature and relative humidity, and time of day. All parameters were measured throughout the study for 5 months.
The Ozone Monitoring Instrument : Overview of twelve years in space

This overview paper highlights the successes of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) spanning more than 12 25 years of the OMI data record. Data from OMI has been used in a wide range of applications. Due to its unprecedented spatial resolution, in combination with daily global coverage, OMI plays a unique role in measuring trace gases important for the ozone layer, air quality and climate change, including new research findings using these satellite data. Due to the operational Very Fast Delivery (VFD) (direct readout) and Near Real Time (NRT) availability of the data, OMI also plays an important role in the early development of operational services in the atmospheric chemistry domain. 30
Silver Diamine Fluoride and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life

SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE APPLICATION AND ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE By Nazafarin Javdan DDS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2017 Thesis Advisor: Patrice Wunsch, DDS, MS. Research Director, Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the association between Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life as assessed by “The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale” questionnaire. Methods: Parents of healthy children (ASA I and II) ages 1-5 with early childhood caries with reversible pulpitis who had application of SDF filled out a questionnaire at baseline and again after one month. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the child’s behavior, physical abilities, pain, temperament, and how well the child gets along with others. Results: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to determine if responses to
Kinematic Effects of Newly Designed Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis With Oil Damper Unit on Gait in People With Hemiparesis

The purposes of this study were to develop a new orthosis controlling ankle and knee joint motion during the gait cycle and to identify the effects of the newly designed orthosis on gait kinematics and tempospatial parameters, including coordination of the extremities in stroke patients. Fifteen individuals who had sustained a stroke, onset was 16 months, participated in this study. Before application of the measurement equipment the subjects were accustomed to walking on the ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) or stance control knee with knee flexion assisted-oil damper ankle-foot orthosis (SCKAFO) for 5 minutes. Fifteen patients were investigated for 45 days with a 3-day interval between sessions. Measurements were walking in fifteen stroke with hemiparesis on the 3D motion analysis system. Comparison of AFO and SCKAFO are gait pattern. The difference between the AFO and SCKAFO conditions was significant in the gait velocity, step length of the right affected side, stance time of both legs, step-length asymmetry ratio, single-support-time asymmetry ratio, φ-thigh angle and φ-shank angle in the mid swing (p<.001). Using a SCKAFO in stroke patients has shown similar to normal walking speeds can be attained for walking efficiency and is therefore desirable. In this study, the support time of the affected leg with the SCKAFO was longer than with the AFO and the asymmetry ratio of single support time decreased by more than with the AFO. This indicates that the SCKAFO was effective for improving gait symmetry, single-support-time symmetry. This may be due to the decrease of gait asymmetry. Thus, the newly designed SCKAFO may be useful for promoting gait performance by improving the coordination of the extremity and decreasing gait asymmetry in chronic stroke patients.
Agency Theory Approach to the Contracting between Lender and Borrower

The paper provides an overview of several selected topics dealing with application of agency theory to the credit contracts. The costly state verification and costly punishment models of optimal debt contracts are introduced and compared with respect to their performance in the situation characterized by risk aversion. Adverse selection in credit markets and its solution with a menu of screening contracts is described and the use of collateral as a screening instrument is discussed. The dynamic relationship between the lender and borrower is introduced in a soft budget constraint model of default and bankruptcy decisions. Alternative assumptions about informational asymmetries in credit markets are presented as well. For all these topics a number of references from Czech and iternational economic literature is provided.