Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial distributions of marine Synechococcus in the Southern California Bight assessed by hybridization to bead-arrays

Marine Synechococcus diversity has been previously described using multi-locus gene sequence phylogenies and the identification of distinct clades. Synechococcus from Clades I, II, III, and IV and from sub-clades within Clades I and IV were enumerated from environmental samples by developing a hybridization assay to liquid bead-arrays (Luminex). Oligonucleotide probes targeting a gene encoding a subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoC1) were used simultaneously in multiplexed assays to track Synechococcus diversity from a Pacific Ocean coastal monitoring site and along a coastal to open-ocean transect in the Southern California Bight. The Luminex assay demonstrated that Synechococcus from Clades I and IV were the dominant types at the coastal site throughout the year. Synechococcus from Clades II and III were not detected except during the late summer or early winter. Within the dominant Clades I and IV, rpoC1-defined sub-clades of Synechococcus showed distinct spatial distributions along the coastal to open-ocean transect, coinciding with changes in the nitricline, thermocline, and fluorescence (chlorophyll) maximum depths. In coastal waters, Syne- chococcus targeted by 2 sub-clade IV probes were dominant at the surface, whereas 2 sub-clade I probes and a third sub-clade IV probe had increased signals in deeper water near the fluorescence maximum. In mesotrophic waters, this third sub-clade IV probe dominated at the fluorescence maxi- mum (depth of 50 to 70 m), whereas all other sub-clade probes were below detection limits. The dif- fering distributions of sub-clades within the dominant Synechococcus clades indicate that the sub- clades likely have adapted to distinct ecological niches found within the Southern California Bight.
Physiological stress during simultaneous interpreting: a comparison of experts and novices

Conference interpreters work under conditions which psychologists generally consider to involve objective stress factors: the constant information load, the time factor, the tremendous amount of concentration required, fatigue, the confined environment of the booth, etc. Several empirical studies have confirmed that simultaneous interpreting is indeed a high-stress occupation. Following an overview of relevant stress studies carried out so far, the paper presents a pilot study which was part of a research project carried out under the author's supervision at the University of Vienna aimed at examining the stressfulness of simultaneous interpreting (SI). Two objective physiological parameters (pulse rate and skin conductance level) were monitored during SI in an attempt to determine whether experts (experienced conference interpreters) and novices (student interpreters) differ in their physiological stress responses.
Skill Mismatches in the EU: Immigrants vs. Natives

The objective of this paper is to analyse and explain the factors behind the observed differences in skill mismatches (vertical and horizontal) between natives and immigrants in EU countries. Using microdata from the 2007 wave of the Adult Education Survey (AES), different probit models are specified and estimated to analyse differences in the probability of each type of skill mismatch between natives and immigrants. Next, Yun’s decomposition method is used to identify the relative contribution of characteristics and returns to explain the differences between the two groups. Our analysis shows that immigrants are more likely to be skill mismatched than natives, being this difference much larger for vertical mismatch. In this case, the difference is higher for immigrants coming from non-EU countries than for those coming from other EU countries. We find that immigrants from non-EU countries are less valued in the EU labour markets than natives with similar characteristics, a result that is not observed for immigrants from EU countries. These results could be related to the limited transferability of the human capital acquired in non-EU countries. The findings suggest that specific programs to adapt immigrants’ human capital acquired in home country are required to reduce differences in the incidence of skill mismatch and a better integration in the EU labour markets.
Tectonic and climatic signals in the Oligocene sediments of the Southern North-Sea Basin (Ernest Van den Broeck medallist lecture 2016)

The Oligocene sediments formed between the Pyrenean and Savian tectonic pulses. The earliest Oligocene was characterized by a widespread shallow water transgression. Global cooling coincided with the subsequent retreat of the sea which is also the time of the Grande Coupure faunal turnover. Renewed stepwise transgression resulted in the deposition of the Boom Clay during the Rupelian. High-frequency cyclic changes in water depth of the Boom Clay are driven by waxing and waning of ice masses while lower-frequency cycles can be tectonic signals. By the end of the Rupelian, differential vertical tectonics resulted in considerable erosion west of the Campine subsidence area and in shallower water depth in the eastern part of the southern coastal area. Subsidence of the Lower-Rhine graben resumed at the start of the Chattian. The sea could only briefly transgress over the area outside the graben but in the graben thick Chattian sediments are preserved. Outside the graben, erosion continued to dominate during the Chattian and the Aquitanian. This long period above sea level is due to a combination of the Savian tectonic uplift pulse and a global low sea level.
Small-scale dynamo action in rotating compressible convection

Abstract We study dynamo action in a convective layer of electrically conducting, compressible fluid, rotating about the vertical axis. At the upper and lower bounding surfaces, perfectly conducting boundary conditions are adopted for the magnetic field. Two different levels of thermal stratification are considered. If the magnetic diffusivity is sufficiently small, the convection acts as a small-scale dynamo. Using a definition for the magnetic Reynolds number ${R}_{M} $ that is based upon the horizontal integral scale and the horizontally averaged velocity at the mid-layer of the domain, we find that rotation tends to reduce the critical value of ${R}_{M} $ above which dynamo action is observed. Increasing the level of thermal stratification within the layer does not significantly alter the critical value of ${R}_{M} $ in the rotating calculations, but it does lead to a reduction in this critical value in the non-rotating cases. At the highest computationally accessible values of the magnetic Reynolds number, the saturation levels of the dynamo are similar in all cases, with the mean magnetic energy density somewhere between 4 and 9 % of the mean kinetic energy density. To gain further insights into the differences between rotating and non-rotating convection, we quantify the stretching properties of each flow by measuring Lyapunov exponents. Away from the boundaries, the rate of stretching due to the flow is much less dependent upon depth in the rotating cases than it is in the corresponding non-rotating calculations. It is also shown that the effects of rotation significantly reduce the magnetic energy dissipation in the lower part of the layer. We also investigate certain aspects of the saturation mechanism of the dynamo.
Fluctuating Attention and Contagion: Theory and Evidence from the U.S. Equity Market

Contagion in financial markets occurs when return and volatility transmit between fundamentally unrelated sectors. We develop an equilibrium model showing that contagion arises because investors pay fluctuating attention to news. As a negative shock hits one sector, investors pay more attention to it. This raises the volatility of equilibrium discount rates resulting in simultaneous spikes in cross-sector correlations and volatilities. We test our theory in the U.S. equity market from 1980 to 2009. Using comprehensive customer-supplier relationships data to identify unrelated firms, we find evidence consistent with the model's predictions.
Field Photographs of Geomorphic Features in the Lake Karakul Region, Eastern Pamirs

-45I.Introduction Lake Karakul (ca. 39°N, ca. 73°25'E) is a closed-basin lake situated in the northeastern Pamirs (Fig. 1). It is located at an altitude of 3,915 m a.s. l. and has an area of 380 km. Paleoshoreline landforms and glacial landforms can be observed in the coastal area of the lake. Reconstruction of lakelevel fluctuations and glacial history on the basis of the classification of these landforms is crucial for discussing the long-term climate changes of the arid eastern Pamirs, where the present mean annual precipitation is below 100 mm (UNEP, 2002). However, little is known about the distribution and classification of the landforms. In this paper, I present photographs (see Fig. 2 for localities) of geomorphic evidence of paleolakes and glaciation and rock-weathering features, which are one of the best indicators of the age of glacial landforms and deposits. I describe the glacial and lacustrine terrace landforms from the chronological viewpoint elsewhere.
The Prevalence of Poultry Coccidiosis in Intensive Farm and Indivdual Small Holder Poultry Farm in Hawassa Town District

A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2011 to may 2012 to determine the prevalence of coccidial infection and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the infection in intensive poultry farms and individual small holders poultry farms in Hawassa towns. Regarding the methodology, floatation and McMaster techniques were employed on the faeces collected from randomly selected 384 study chickens and examined for presence of coccidial oocysts. According to the study 250 (65.10%) of chickens were found to be positive for coccidial oocysts and 134 (34.89%) of chickens were negative. Among the potential risk factors assessed, age of chicken (P < 0.05), Breed of chickens (local, Koekoak) (P< 0.05), study site (Wukuro, chefe, korem) (P< 0.05) and management systems of chickens (P= 0.000) were significantly associated with the risk of coccidial infection when analyzed by univarate logistic regression. But age of chickens did not show significance association with the risk of coccidial infection when analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and also management systems of chickens and sex of chickens did not show significance. But breed of chickens (Bovanse (P= 0.010) and local chicken (P= 0.001) reveals significance, study site (wukero, chefe and korem) show significance association with the risk of coccidial infection (P < 0.05) when analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The mean oocyst count analyzed by analysis of variance indicated the existence of significance difference in the mean of oocyst count among the age categories (F=65.50, P=0.00), study site (F=14.48, P= 0.000). Bonferroni multiple comparasion test indicated that the mean oocyst count is significantly greater in chicken of age 6-12 months (P= 0.000) and age less than 6 months of old chickens (P= 0.004). Other two comparasion of mean between age group of 6-12 and age greater than 12 months did not show significance difference (P= 0.059).
The Unified State Examination and the Determinants of Academic Achievement

This article examines the relationship between pre-entry coaching (both in terms of money and effort) and the achievement of Russian high school graduates as measured by the results of the Unified State Examination (USE). Using a data set of students from the 16 biggest Russian cities, which includes information on USE results, family background, school characteristics, and patterns on pre-entry coaching, I estimate the factors that determine the final USE results. Characteristics of pre-entry courses (the duration of the program as well as the total fee) are related to higher USE scores, but the size of this association is moderate. Attending individual classes has a significant (but still moderate) relationship with the USE score in Russian, but the duration of a program moderately and positively relates to the USE scores. Other factors, like parental education, family income, student abilities, and the type of school attended are significant predictors of USE results in Russian, Mathematics, and the average USE score.
Does an Economic and Political Affairs Matter in Determining the Tax Revenue of Jammu and Kashmir State (India): An Approach through VECM Model

T he state of Jammu & Kashmir is one of the special category states of India, that faces a severe resource crunch on the one hand and an explosive public expenditure trend on the other hand. The inability of the state government to raise adequate resources of its own cast’s serious doubt about the tax efforts carried out by the government from time to time. Against this background, this paper tries to analyze the major long and short run determinants of tax revenue in the state of Jammu and Kashmir by applying suitable econometric methods such as VECM and by taking a broader set of variables which comprise Economic, Political and demographic sectors. The time series data of last thirty years from 1984 to 2013 has been used to identify the short and long run relationship of variables and to analyze the long term equilibrium adjustment rate by short-term variables. The result shows that all the economic variables, except for the income from of agriculture, income from industry and the unemployment rate, have positive influence on the tax revenue. Regarding political stability variables, some like political crises and law and order are significant, while others like the election cycle were found to be insignificant.
Thermal Transport and Challenges on Nanofluids Performance

Progress in technology and industrial developments demands the efficient and suc - cessful energy utilization and its management in a greater extent. Conventional heat-transfer fluids (HTFs) such as water, ethylene glycol, oils and other fluids are typically low-efficiency heat dissipation fluids. Thermal management is a key factor in diverse applications where these fluids can be used, such as in automotive, microelectronics, energy storage, medical, and nuclear cooling among others. Furthermore, the miniatur ization and high efficiency of devices in these fields demand successful heat management and energy-efficient materials. The advent of nanofluids could successfully address the low thermal efficiency of HTFs since nanofluids have shown many interesting proper - ties, and the distinctive features offering extraordinary potential for many applications. Nanofluids are engineered by homogeneously suspending nanostructures with average sizes below 100 nm within conventional fluids. This chapter aims to focus on a detail description of the thermal transport behavior, challenges and implications that involve the development and use of HTFs under the influence of atomistic-scale structures and industrial applications. Multifunctional characteristics of these nanofluids, nanostruc - tures variables and features are discussed in this chapter; the mechanisms that promote these effects on the improvement of nanofluids thermal transport performance and the broad range of current and future applications will be included.
Sparse Signal Reconstruction using Weight Point Algorithm 37 2 CS Reconstruction Problem and Related

In this paper we propose a new approach of the compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction problem based on a geometrical interpretation of l1-norm minimization. By taking a large l1-norm value at the initial step, the intersection of l1-norm and the constraint curves forms a convex polytope and by exploiting the fact that any convex combination of the polytope’s vertexes gives a new point that has a smaller l1-norm, we are able to derive a new algorithm to solve the CS reconstruction problem. Compared to the greedy algorithm, this algorithm has better performance, especially in highly coherent environments. Compared to the convex optimization, the proposed algorithm has simpler computation requirements. We tested the capability of this algorithm in reconstructing a randomly down-sampled version of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index. The proposed algorithm achieved a good result but only works on realvalued signals.
Effectiveness of Life Skill Training Program on Stress among Adolescents at a School Setting

Background: Psychological stress during adolescence is a natural phenomenon. Issues related to academics, parents, peers, social life, and personal doubts have always created some queries in these young minds. But most of the times, they get neglected by care givers. So the psychological stress tends to go unchecked among school students. There is not much work done in the area of stress levels and interventions among Indian adolescents. So our primary objective was to test the effectiveness of life skill training program in reducing stress among adolescents. Methods: Forty two adolescent boys participated in the study. Prevalence of stress was determined by administering a standardized stress questionnaire. The intervention program consisted of seven daily sessions of 50 minutes each conducted within school timings. Life skills, stress management modules from NIMHANS model were selected to address adolescent stressors. SPSS 15 was used for data entry and analysis. Pre, post and three month follow up assessments were conducted. Results: 66% of the adolescents reported to be stressed. The mean stress scores among adolescents who underwent the intervention program 310 reduced significantly from 133 to 116 after post one month and to 117 after post three month follow up (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results suggested that group based stress management programs if conducted regularly would be beneficial to reduce the stress levels. Positive feedback from students suggested that these activities were feasible and acceptable.
Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Activity in Japanese Burdock Roots

Japanese burdock roots were extracted with aqueous methanol solution. A compound having the inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)[EC 3.4. 15.1] was purified and identified as nicotianamine, (2S, 3’S, 3”S)-N-[N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. The compound content in burdock roots and related food products were determined. Data revealed that burdock root is a good source of nicotianamine (NA).
Errors of Estimating Near-Surface Q-A statistical Approach

Although various estimating methods have been developed for measuring Q from near-surface seismic data, less thought has been given to the accuracy of Q obtained. The errors of Q depend on the ways of measuring Q and the computation techniques used in estimating. The main purpose of this paper is to give a compre- hensive evaluation for the accuracy of measuring near-surface Q. We discuss the possible origins from which errors may develop, and provide a statistical guide to the accuracy that can be expected. A set of real data based on the improved spectral ratio method for near-surface Q was used as an example of validation and sensitivity analysis. The Bonferroni procedure was adopted for deriving the joint confidence intervals for k and n of the power law model. The same approach with modest modification may be applied to analyze the accuracy of Q estimated by other methods.
Using the Harvard HRM model to conceptualise the impact of changes to supervision upon HRM outcomes for different types of Australian public sector employees

Within the Australian context of a shortage of skilled professionals, this article uses the Harvard model of human resources management (HRM) to conceptualise how changes in stakeholder interests coupled with changes to situational factors affect public sector HRM policy choices that in turn affect HRM outcomes for different types of public sector employees. The findings obtained using path analysis suggest that the proposed model explained almost 50% for nurses and less than 14% for police officers. In the case of nurses, the strong significant relationship between HRM inputs and outputs may provide a further plausible explanation for one of the long-term consequences of new public management – namely, the inability to retain skilled employees (especially those in the health sector) across numerous OECD countries. The implication of these findings is that the present public sector HRM policy choice should be re-examined because of its impact on HRM outcomes. Moreover, public sector employees should not be regarded as one uniform group that responds alike to the same policy. Whilst the merits of pursuing a strong auditing focus may have benefited organisations financially, the benefits can only remain if public sector employees, including professionals, are prepared to work under those conditions. The inability to retain nurses in numerous countries, coupled with past studies that have identified (poor) management as a contributing factor, suggests that past HRM policy choices may have to be replaced by new HRM policy choices that focus on employees' perceptions of well-being. However, more studies using different types of professionals are required to confirm the generalisability of these findings.
Chicken Production Systems, Performance and Associated Constraints in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

Survey was conducted in three districts (Quara, Alefa and Tach Armachiho) of Amhara region northwestern Ethiopia. Semi structured questionnaire, participatory rural appraisal and ranking trials were used. Extensive production systems is the dominant management practices of chicken with small feed supplementation. Three peasant associations from each districts and a total of 180 households were selected using multistage simple random sampling technique based on chicken potential. Farmers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire and additional data was obtained from key-informants through group discussion. This investigation revealed that average flock size/ household was 16.11 for Quara, 16.33 for Alefa and 16.73 chickens for Tach Armachiho district. About 90% both in Quara, and Tach Armachiho and about 2.4% in Alefa districts of chicken owners are constructed separate shelter for chickens. The average eggs laid/clutch/hens is 16.88, 14.23and 11.9 eggs for Quara, Alefa and Tach Armachiho districts, respectively. Annual egg production of local hens is 60.20, 55.87 and 36.94 eggs/hen for Quara, Alefa and Tach Armachiho districts, respectively. Seasonal outbreaks of diseases and predation were the two major causes for loss of chickens. Women are responsible in managing chickens in all the study sites. Therefore, emphasis should be given in availing production technologies including breeding systems, organizing input supply system for chicks, feed, vaccines and veterinary drugs for chicken and eggs. The influential bodies should consider the importance of indigenous genetic resources and struggle to develop appropriate technologies at conserving the unique genetic resources and improving village flock production and productivity.