Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting with a Combination of Granisetron and Droperidol

In this randomized, double-blind study, we compared the efficacy and safety of granisetron plus droperidol with each antiemetic alone for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in 150 female patients scheduled for elective major gynecological surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive IV either granisetron 2.5 mg (Group G), droperidol 1.25 mg (Group D), or granisetron 2.5 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg (Group GD) immediately before the induction of anesthesia (n = 50 in each group). A standard anesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were used. Complete response, defined as no PONV and no administration of rescue antiemetic medication during the first 24 h after anesthesia, was 84% in Group G, 54% in Group D, and 96% in Group GD (P = 0.046 versus Group G, P = 0.001 versus Group D). No clinically important adverse effects were observed in any group. In conclusion, the combination of granisetron and droperidol is more effective than each antiemetic alone for complete response in patients undergoing general anesthesia for major gynecological surgery. Implications: We compared the efficacy of granisetron plus droperidol with each antiemetic alone for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after gynecological surgery. The granisetron/droperidol combination was the most effective against these emetic symptoms. (Anesth Analg 1998;86:613-6)
Evaluating the association between keratoconus and the corneal thickness genes in an independent Australian population.

PURPOSE A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified six loci associated with central corneal thickness that also conferred associated risk of keratoconus (KC). We aimed to assess whether genetic associations existed for these loci with KC or corneal curvature in an independent cohort of European ancestry. METHODS In total, 157 patients with KC were recruited from public and private clinics in Melbourne, Australia, and 673 individuals without KC were identified through the Genes in Myopia study from Australia. The following six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed a statistically significant association with KC in a recent GWAS study were selected for genotyping in our cohort: rs4894535 (FNDC3B), rs1324183 (MPDZ-NF1B), rs1536482 (RXRA-COL5A1), rs7044529 (COL5A), rs2721051 (FOXO1), and rs9938149 (BANP-ZNF469). The SNPs were assessed for their association with KC or corneal curvature using logistic or linear regression methods, with age and sex included as covariates. Bonferroni corrections were applied to account for multiple testing. RESULTS Genotyping data were available for five of the SNPs. Statistically significant associations with KC were found for the SNPs rs1324183 (P = 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 1.68) and rs9938149 (P = 0.010; OR, 1.47). Meta-analysis of previous studies yielded genome-wide significant evidence of an association for rs1324183, firmly establishing it as a KC risk variant. None of the SNPs were significantly associated with corneal curvature. CONCLUSIONS The SNPs rs1324183 in the MPDZ-NF1B gene and rs9938149 (between BANP and ZNF4659) were associated with KC in this independent cohort, but their association was via a non-corneal curvature route.
Cartilage Palisades in Type III Tympanoplasty: Anatomic and Functional Long-Term Results

Objective To evaluate the long-term anatomic and functional results after partial and total autologous cartilage palisade type III tympanoplasties to assess the efficacy of cartilage palisades in preventing recurrent cholesteatoma. Study Design Retrospective data bank and patient review. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients The study population included all patients with more than 36 months follow-up who underwent tympanoplasty or tympanomastoidectomy for previously untreated cholesteatoma using partial or total autologous cartilage palisade graft associated with a reconstruction of the ossicular chain from October 1, 1992, to October 31, 1998. Intervention Tympanoplasty or tympanomastoidectomy using autologous cartilage palisade graft for partial or total reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain. Main Outcome Measures Anatomic results, i.e., closure of the perforation, rate of retraction pockets, recurrent cholesteatoma, and reperforation rate related to the use of autologous cartilage were clinically evaluated. Postoperative speech reception thresholds, speech discrimination scores, and postoperative air-bone gap were compared with preoperative levels. The outcomes of canal wall up and canal wall down procedures were compared. Results Closure of the tympanic membrane was achieved in 98.3% of patients. Speech reception thresholds did not change significantly. Speech discrimination scores were stable or improved in all patients. Postoperative air-bone gap was less than 10 dB in 29.8% of patients and between 11 and 20 dB in 32.3%. The complication rate of the tympanoplasty in general was 0.67%. The rate of recurrences of cholesteatoma was 2.2%. No complications could be related to the use of cartilage. Conclusions The cartilage palisade technique is effective for the reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and also prevents new retractions and recurrences of cholesteatoma. The functional results show that autologous cartilage grafts are able to transmit sound.
Double Tip Diffraction Modeling: Finite Difference Time Domain vs. Method of Moments

Discontinuities such as tips and edges cause diffracted fields when electromagnetic waves interact with objects. Two-dimensional (2D) wedge with non-penetrable boundaries is a canonical structure which has long been investigated analytically and numerically for the understanding and extraction of diffracted waves. Multiple-diffraction has also been investigated. Here, double tip diffraction is modeled with both finite-difference time-domain and method of moments and reference data are generated.
CrossTalk proposal: Diffusion limitation of O2 from microvessels into muscle does contribute to the limitation of V̇o2max

At maximal oxygen uptake () we know that (1) muscle O2 extraction is not 100%, yet (2) hyperoxia increases . The reason for (1) is diffusion limitation of O2 from the muscle microvessels to the mitochondria. This does not exclude ‘central’ factors from also affecting , as will be explained.
Efficacy of ofloxacin in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis

The efficacy of ofloxacin was compared with that of vancomycin in the therapy of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Rabbits infected with either a methicillin-susceptible (MSSA-1199) or a methicillin-resistant (MRSA-494) test strain were treated with ofloxacin (20 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h) or vancomycin (17.5 mg/kg of body weight every 6 h) for 4 days. The antimicrobial agents were found to be equally effective in clearing bacteremia and in reducing bacterial counts in vegetations and in renal and splenic tissue of animals infected with either test strain. The drugs were of equal efficacy in curing MRSA-494 endocarditis. No resistance to ofloxacin emerged in either test strain during therapy. We conclude that in this model ofloxacin is as efficacious as vancomycin and that, unlike for other fluoroquinolones we have evaluated, resistance to the drug does not develop during therapy of this serious S. aureus infection.
Auxological outcome and time to menarche following long‐acting goserelin therapy in girls with central precocious or early puberty

objective Following a successful clinical trial in 1996, the long‐acting GnRH analogue goserelin (Zoladex LA 10·8 mg; Astra Zeneca) has been our preferred treatment for central early (CEP) or precocious puberty (CPP). However, some female patients have expressed concern about perceived weight gain during therapy and delay in the onset or resumption of menses on completion of therapy. The primary aim of this study was to investigate these concerns by determining the auxological parameters and timing of menarche or re‐menarche in all girls with CEP/CPP who have completed a course of Zoladex LA treatment. The secondary aim was to assess auxological outcome in girls who have attained final height.
Receptive field organization of disparity‐sensitive cells in Macaque medial superior temporal cortex

Binocular disparities are crucial for building an accurate three‐dimensional representation of the peripersonal environment in a viewer‐centred frame of reference. Previous studies have shown that visual cells of the medial superior temporal cortex (MST) have large receptive fields and that they are sensitive to disparities present in large surfaces. By using a reverse cross‐correlation technique in this study we tested 175 disparity‐sensitive units recorded from MST in the awake Macaca mulatta monkey to determine if these large receptive fields are homogeneous in terms of disparity sensitivity. We found that the receptive fields of 50 cells (50 out of 175, 29%) showed subregions with specific disparity sensitivity. These subregions presented eccentricities from 0.8 to 22.3° and their sizes varied from 1.6 to 15.3°2. This particular receptive field organization represents a suitable mechanism for encoding the location of small objects within our peripersonal space.
Intramembrane Proteolysis in Regulated Protein Trafficking

Regulated intramembrane proteolysis is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which membrane‐anchored bioactive molecules are released from cellular membranes. In eukaryotic cells, intramembrane proteases are found in different cellular organelles ranging from the endosomal system to mitochondria and chloroplasts. These proteases function in diverse processes such as transcription control, regulated growth factor secretion and recently even a role in the control of mitophagy has been suggested. Genomic annotation has predicted 13 different intramembrane proteases in humans. Apart from few studied examples, very little is known about their function. This review describes emerging principles of how intramembrane proteases contribute to the regulation of cellular protein trafficking in eukaryotic cells and raises the important question of how their activity is controlled.
Health status and service utilisation of older people in different European countries.

OBJECTIVE Care of elderly demands more and more resources. The purpose of this study was to compare the health of the elderly and the differences in utilisation of services. DESIGN Health status was measured using the Short Form 36, the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living, the Abbreviated Mental Test and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Information was also obtained on health and social service utilisation. SETTING Eight European districts. SUBJECTS 4004 elderly aged 70-94 years were studied. RESULTS General health perception measured with SF-36 was significantly better in men than in women and in elderly living outside institutions. Measured with the Barthel scale, the elderly living in the southern districts were more disabled. Women were more disabled than men. Depression and anxiety were common, but inadequately treated and strongly linked with disability. There was a north-south difference also in mental disability, people in the north feeling healthier. CONCLUSION Cultural differences probably explain most of the differences observed. However, treating depression and anxiety more adequately could help elderly people to avoid early institutionalisation.
A 4K×2K@60fps multi-standard TV SoC processor with integrated HDMI/MHL receiver

A first-reported 4K×2K@60fps digital TV SoC processor supporting 9 video formats and integrating HDMI/MHL receiver is fabricated in a 40nm CMOS process. It adopts error compensation processor (ECP) to improve the visual quality, and designs a memory management unit and resource sharing technique to improve the throughput and area efficiency by 38.5% and 34.3%, respectively. Moreover, a lossless compression processor (LCP) is newly designed to reduce 30% and 45% of external data accesses in playback and gaming scenario, respectively. The proposed TV SoC processor includes multi-standard 4K×2K@60fps playback and 3.4Gbps HDMI receiver (Rx), and both scenario dissipate 198.15mW at 1.2V core and 3.3V I/O.
Meta-Analysis of Prevalence of Bad Oral Habits and Relationship with Prevalence of Malocclusion

The core objective of this particular research paper is to systematize current existing studies done on the prevalence of bad oral habits and the relationship that this has with the prevalence of malocclusion. As a quantitative form of literature review, this metaanalysis makes an evaluation of the past research on the prevalence of oral habits as well as the prevalence of malocclusion. Besides, this analysis explores the findings of previous studies done so as to identify how the prevalence of malocclusion relates to the prevalence of bad oral habits. Although this particular research is going to unify past studies done on the prevalence of these two conditions, the primary emphasis will be to explore the significant risk factors for the development of malocclusion, the different types of bad oral habits and finally the certain age groups that are at risks of suffering malocclusion.
PARASITE PRESSURE AND THE EVOLUTION OF AMANITIN TOLERANCE IN DROSOPHILA

Approximately one‐half of the members of the Drosophila quinaria species‐group are mycophagous. The mushroom‐breeding species D. falleni, D. recens, and D. phalerata are far more tolerant of the mushroom toxin α‐amanitin than are D. guinaria, D. palustris, and D. subpalustris, which breed in decaying water plants. The non‐mycophagous species, however, are physiologically capable of larval development in mushrooms, showing that high levels of amanitin tolerance are not necessary for mycophagy. A primary selective advantage of amanitin tolerance among the mycophagous species is that it allows them to breed in mushrooms that are toxic to nematodes that infest Drosophila in other fungi and render them infertile. Parasitism, then, may be an important factor governing evolutionary patterns of resource utilization in these species.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins Studied by Two‐Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Immunoblotting Technique

The proteins of lumbar CSF have been investigated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, and their patterns have been compared with the corresponding serum protein patterns. Serum proteins in CSF have been identified by electroblotting and immunoreaction with antiserum against total human serum proteins. Proteins derived from brain have been identified with antiserum against human brain proteins. The most prominent CSF protein group has been identified as a multiple form of apolipoprotein E. The correct position of the glial fibrillary acidic protein has also been determined. The prefractionation of CSF proteins by size exclusion chromatography or by affinity chromatography followed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis has facilitated the detection of trace components in CSF and the corresponding serum.
Search for continuous gravitational waves: metric of the multi-detector F-statistic

We develop a general formalism for the parameter-space metric of the multidetector F-statistic, which is a matched-filtering detection statistic for continuous gravitational waves. We find that there exists a whole family of F-statistic metrics, parametrized by the (unknown) amplitude parameters of the gravitational wave. The multidetector metric is shown to be expressible in terms of noise-weighted averages of single-detector contributions, which implies that the number of templates required to cover the parameter space does not scale with the number of detectors. Contrary to using a longer observation time, combining detectors of similar sensitivity is therefore the computationally cheapest way to improve the sensitivity of coherent wide-parameter searches for continuous gravitational waves. We explicitly compute the F-statistic metric family for signals from isolated spinning neutron stars, and we numerically evaluate the quality of different metric approximations in a Monte Carlo study. The metric predictions are tested against the measured mismatches and we identify regimes in which the local metric is no longer a good description of the parameter-space structure.
Combined node and span protection strategies with node-encircling p-cycles

We develop three new design models for combined node and span protection with a single set of node-encircling p-cycles (NEPCs). In a simple reference model each node is protected by a single dedicated NEPC. In the second model NEPCs can be shared by multiple nodes as needed, and each node is allowed to make use of as many different NEPCs as needed for a capacity-efficient design. To manage the complexity, protection routing is assumed to be evenly split in both directions around the NEPC, resulting in a slight over-provisioning of NEPCs and spare capacity. The final model is the most capacity efficient by virtue of also determining in which direction protection routing should proceed around each NEPC for each light-path affected by a node failure. The models can also permit a specified level of restorability below 100% so that a carrier could offer node-failure restorability on a differentiated service basis. A significant finding is that in test case networks 25% node restorability can be achieved in addition to 100% span restorability with a single integrated set of p-cycles that require as little as 4.1% more spare capacity than for conventional protection only against span-failures.
Aging and memory for expected and unexpected objects in real-world settings.

Adult age differences in the consistency effect were examined in 3 experiments. The consistency effect refers to items inconsistent with expectations being better remembered than items consistent with expectations. Younger and older adults walked into an office room and viewed objects that varied in their consistency with expectation. Immediate and delayed recognition tests on item information (i.e., distractors were defined by their semantic identity) revealed that both age groups recognized unexpected items better than expected items. However, when recognition of token information was requested (i.e., distractors were defined by their physical appearance), younger adults, in contrast to older adults, exhibited consistency effects. Also, under divided attention, young adults revealed the same pattern of data as did elderly adults under full attention. The results are discussed in terms of capacity-related differences in distinctive encoding.
Temple syndrome: improving the recognition of an underdiagnosed chromosome 14 imprinting disorder: an analysis of 51 published cases

Chromosome 14 harbours an imprinted locus at 14q32. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14, paternal deletions and loss of methylation at the intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR) result in a human phenotype of low birth weight, hypotonia, early puberty and markedly short adult stature. The analysis of the world literature of 51 cases identifies the key features that will enhance diagnosis and potentially improve treatment. We found a median birth weight SD score (SDS) of −1.88 and median adult final height of −2.04 SDS. Hypotonia and motor delay were reported in 93% and 83% of cases, respectively. Early puberty was reported in 86% of cases with the mean age of menarche at 10 years and 2 months of age. Small hands and feet were reported frequently (87% and 96%, respectively). Premature birth was common (30%) and feeding difficulties frequently reported (n = 22). There was evidence of mildly reduced intellectual ability (measured IQ 75–95). Obesity was reported in 49% of cases, and three patients developed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two patients were reported to have recurrent hypoglycaemia, and one of these patients was subsequently demonstrated to be growth hormone deficient and started replacement therapy. We propose the use of the name ‘Temple syndrome’ for this condition and suggest that improved diagnosis and long-term monitoring, especially of growth and cardiovascular risk factors, is required.
Impact of Online Professional Development or Teacher Quality and Student Achievement in Fifth Grade Mathematics

Abstract Despite the ever-increasing number of online professional development (OPD) programs, relatively few studies have been conducted to examine the efficacy of such programs for teachers and students. This manuscript presents findings from an impact study of OPD courses infractions, algebraic thinking, and measurement on 79 fifth grade teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical practices as well as their students’ mathematics achievement. The OPD courses were offered one course per semester for three semesters, and each course comprised 1 week of orientation and 6 weeks of course content. Overall, teachers participated in more than approximately 70 hours of OPD. The research findings showed that teachers who had been randomly assigned to the experimental group had significantly greater gains in scores for pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical practices than teachers in the control group. Nevertheless, the positive changes in teacher outcomes did not translate to any meaningful differences in students’ mathematics achievement.
Through a Window, Brightly: A Review of Selected Nanofabricated Thin-Film Platforms for Spectroscopy, Imaging, and Detection

We present a review of the use of selected nanofabricated thin films to deliver a host of capabilities and insights spanning bioanalytical and biophysical chemistry, materials science, and fundamental molecular-level research. We discuss approaches where thin films have been vital, enabling experimental studies using a variety of optical spectroscopies across the visible and infrared spectral range, electron microscopies, and related techniques such as electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and single molecule sensing. We anchor this broad discussion by highlighting two particularly exciting exemplars: a thin-walled nanofluidic sample cell concept that has advanced the discovery horizons of ultrafast spectroscopy and of electron microscopy investigations of in-liquid samples; and a unique class of thin-film-based nanofluidic devices, designed around a nanopore, with expansive prospects for single molecule sensing. Free-standing, low-stress silicon nitride membranes are a canonical structural element for these applications, and we elucidate the fabrication and resulting features—including mechanical stability, optical properties, X-ray and electron scattering properties, and chemical nature—of this material in this format. We also outline design and performance principles and include a discussion of underlying material preparations and properties suitable for understanding the use of alternative thin-film materials such as graphene.