Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
on the social perception of invasive species

We conducted a systematic literature review of the current state of research on the social perceptions of invasive species, aiming to provide guidance towards transdisciplinary research and participatory decision making. In order to detect patterns regarding publication trends and factors determining social perceptions of invasive species, we applied qualitative content as well as quantitative data analysis. By applying content analysis, we identified five main categories of influence on the perception of invasive species: ecological conditions, social conditions, values and beliefs, impacts, and benefits. The disciplinary focus of the research was predominantly interdisciplinary, followed by a social sciences approach. Our review revealed a disproportionate use of quantitative methods in research on social perceptions of invasive species, yet quantitative methods were less likely to identify benefits as factors determining the perception of invasive species. However, without the understanding of perceived benefits, researchers and managers lack the socio-cultural context these species are embedded in. Our review also revealed the geographical, methodological and taxonomic bias of research on perceptions of invasive species. The majority of studies focused on the local public, whereas fewer than half of the studies focused on decision-makers. Furthermore, our results showed differences in the social perceptions of invasive species among different stakeholder groups. Consensus over the definition and terminology of invasive species was lacking whereas differences in terminology were clearly value-laden. In order to foster sustainable management of invasive species, research on social perceptions should focus on a transdisciplinary and transparent discourse about the inherent values of invasion science. Copyright Katharina Kapitza et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. NeoBiota 43: 47–68 (2019) doi: 10.3897/neobiota.43. 31619 http://neobiota.pensoft. net REVIEW ARTICLE Advancing research on alien species and biological invasions A peer-reviewed open-access journal
Providing a model for educating professional citizens through knowledge-oriented era of Iran's education system

Introduction : This study aimed to provide a model in order to educate professional citizens through knowledge-oriented era of Iran's education system. Methodology : The statistical population of the research consisted of all female and male principals and deputies of governmental elementary schools within cities of Tehran province (N = 11382). The sample size estimated to be 362 people based on the Cochran formula. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on a 5-point scale. Findings : Data analysis was performed by Cronbach's alpha test, Average Extracted Variance (AVE), Square root of AVE, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Friedman ranking test. Reviewing the research literature for understanding the complexity and extent of theoretical and practical domain of the research in training professional citizenship, and also reviewing the models, theories, and the study components, a global model of educating professional citizens was developed including the components of philosophy, goals, Perceptual framework, procedure of implementation, and system of evaluation and engineering. A survey was conducted through 30 experts of this field in order to determine the degree of quality of the proposed model for presenting the final model through an evaluation questionnaire including the philosophy and objectives of the model, the theoretical foundations, dimensions, components, indices, and mechanisms for educating a professional citizen in the knowledge-oriented era of Iran’s education system. In addition, this questionnaire was confirmed with a scale of 4.64 out of 5. Conclusion : Using this model, the country's education and training system can provide knowledgeable, committed, skilled, and professional citizens for society, knowledge economy and knowledge management in response to the third millennium generation.
THE EFFECT OF CHILD AND TREATMENT FACTORS ON CHILDREN ’ S TREATMENT OUTCOMES

THE EFFECT OF CHILD AND TREATMENT FACTORS ON CHILDREN’S TREATMENT OUTCOMES Angela M. Breitmeyer, B.S. University of Dayton, 2003 Thesis Chairperson: Dr. Lane F. Geddie, Ph.D. A number of studies have examined child and treatment factors associated with the outcome of child mental health treatment, but there are still areas which need to be explored. The present study attempted to determine the relative impact of child and treatment characteristics hypothesized to have a significant effect on treatment outcome in children. Participants were 632 boys and girls between the ages of 5 and 22 who received mental health services from St. Joseph’s Children’s Treatment Center from March, 2000 to May, 2002. The youths’ problem severity and functioning levels were rated by agency workers using the Ohio Scales-short form. Stepped multiple regression analyses were performed utilizing the agency’s archival database to predict the children’s change in problem severity and change in functioning scores from the time of the intake. Child variables included initial diagnosis, initial problem severity, and initial functioning. Treatment variables included type of service, treatment duration, and treatment intensity. Whether the same or different worker rated the child at intake and most recent administration (worker continuity) was also included in the analysis. The modal change in problem severity and functioning was zero, with much variability. Results from the analyses indicated that the child variables of initial diagnosis, problem severity, and functioning levels contributed the most to the variance in change in problem severity and functioning levels, followed by treatment characteristics of hours of service type, treatment duration, and treatment intensity, and lastly, worker continuity. The model explained 34% of the variability in change in problem severity, with 24% explained by child variables alone, and it explained 29% of the variability in change in functioning, with 24% explained by child variables. The implication of this finding is that a child’s initial clinical presentation has a strong impact on the treatment outcome of the child. More research is needed in order to determine factors which significantly mediate therapeutic gains.
Direct Patient Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions

Spontaneous direct reporting also has important benefits beyond pharmacovigilance: it supports and allows for greater patient participation. This fits doctors’ expectations – that patients agree to drug regimens and take the medicines. In the process the patient learns how to manage her or his medicines and to communicate more effectively with health professionals. Lastly, public health estimates of disease burden in populations do not consider the effects on people’s everyday lives, and they should.
FACTOR INFLUENCING OF USAGE ACCOUNTING GAME : STUDY OF LEARNING BY GAME AND THEORY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

In this paper, we empirically analyze Learning Method for accounting education under Theory Acceptance Model (TAM). Learning and teaching accounting are not easy. We need educational resources that could effectively support the process of accounting’s learning like learning by games. Computer games have a potentially effective digital resources for learning. The lectures can use computer game to transfer knowledge more effective. First, when the students learn how to play and win the game, they are very earnest. Second, a game is the simple picture of a complex real life, it is a summary of the alternative collection that make students can learn about the choice of life and do that one by one with proficient. Third, game, need active participation from students, so that it makes a game more efficient than passive teaching. But like other IT utilization, continuance of the use of accounting software games will be determined by a variety of determinants. Theory explaining the determinants of IT use is the theory of technology acceptance model (TAM) proposed by Davis (1989). We examined 101 respondents. Conceptually, we examine seven hypotheses and the data support of six hypotheses. Perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment positively influence the intention to use accounting game software. Perceived enjoyment is also an indirect effect on the continuance intention to use accounting software games through perceived usefulness. Computer self-efficacy influence the perceived ease of use, however, research has not been able to provide empirical support for the effect of perceived ease of use on intention to use accounting software games and perceived usefulness. All of our variables have high mean, that means our computer accounting game is easy, useful, attractive; so that the students intend to use that game. Learn accounting by game is attractive, interesting and makes the accounting more easy for the students.
Comparative Study of Diagnosis of Malaria by Smear Test , Quantitative Buffy Coat ( QBC ) Method and Rapid Kit Method

Malaria remains the most important human parasitic infection globally and continues to pose a major public threat in India. The WHO estimates that India accounts for 75% of all malaria cases in South-East Asia (21) . Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge to laboratories (9) . The present study was aimed at evaluating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of QBC, Histidine rich protein-2 and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase antigen detection test in comparison with peripheral smears in clinically suspected cases of malaria . Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 256 clinically suspected cases of malaria of all ages and both sexes between November 2011 to April 2013 SV medical college. Thick and thin blood smears ,quantitative buffy coat examination and one step malaria antigen rapid test using plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase were performed on all the 256 patients. Results: Out of 256 cases, 205(80.07%) were positive by blood smear examination by leishman staining. Out of which 172(83.91%) were positive for Plasmodium vivax,33(16.09%) cases were positive of Plasmodium Falciparum. In the present study peripheral smear is taken as gold standard for malaria.199 cases were positive by Quantitative buffy coat examination, of which 167(83.92%) cases were positive for Plasmodium vivax, 32(16.08%) cases were positive for plasmodium falciparum. QBC examination showed sensitivity, specificity of 97.07%, 100% respectively in comparison with blood smear examination.196 cases were positive by malaria antigen Rapid kit method out of which 165(84.18%) cases were positive for plasmodium vivax and 31(15.8%)were positive for plasmodium falciparum. Sensitivity and specificity of PLDH antigen positivity in Rapid Diagnostic Test is 95.61% and 100% respectively in comparison with peripheral smear. Conclusion: In the present study we observed though the QBC and Rapid kit method are useful for immediate identification of malarial parasite peripheral smear it still the gold standard -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 16-04-2018 Date of acceptance: 04-05-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer combined therapy

References/Piśmiennictwo 29 Summary Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a recognized means of combined treatment of locally advanced breast cancer, and in less advanced cases it can be used in the hope of allowing greater conservation of the breast. Modern neoadjuvant chemiotherapy programmes can lead to 31-65% of pathological complete response. A direct comparison of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with an identical adjuvant treatment has not pointed to a significant increase in overal survivall. It is hoped that neoadjuvant chemotherapy will be more widely used in treatment of breast cancer. A thorough assessment of tumor response to primary chemotherapy offers a practical possibility to optimise treatment, and maybe changes of concept in treatment in this kind of cancer.
Sampled Policy Gradient Compared to DPG, CACLA, and Q-Learning in the Game Agar.io

The online game agar.io has become massively popular on the internet due to intuitive game design and the ability to instantly compete against players around the world. From the point of view of artificial intelligence this game is also very intriguing: The game has a continuous input and action space and allows to have diverse agents with complex strategies compete against each other. This paper analyzes how to apply reinforcement learning techniques to this game. A new offline actor-critic learning algorithm is introduced: Sampled Policy Gradient (SPG). SPG samples in the action space to calculate an approximated policy gradient by using the critic to evaluate the samples. This sampling allows SPG to search the action-Q-value space more globally than DPG, enabling it to theoretically avoid more local optima. Q-Learning is compared against the actor-critic algorithms CACLA, DPG, and the novel SPG in a pellet collection and a self play environment. Results show that Q-Learning and CACLA outperform a pre-programmed greedy bot in the pellet collection task, but all algorithms fail to outperform this bot in a fighting scenario. The SPG algorithm is analyzed to have great extendability through offline exploration and it matches DPG in performance even in its basic form without extensive sampling.
LCZ696 Therapy Reduces Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Inducibility in a Myocardial Infarction-Induced Heart Failure Rat Model

Background LCZ696 (valsartan/sacubitril) therapy significantly reduced mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Although a clinical trial (PARADISE-MI Trial) has been ongoing to examine the effects of LCZ696 in myocardial infarction (MI) patients, the effects of LCZ696 on remodeling of cardiac electrophysiology in animal models remain largely unclear. Methods We performed coronary artery ligation to create MI in Sprague-Dawley rats. Echocardiography was performed one week after MI to confirm the development of HF with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%. MI rats were randomly assigned to receive medical therapy for 4 weeks: LCZ696, enalapril, or vehicle. The sham-operation rats received sham operation without MI creation. In vivo electrophysiological exams were performed under general anesthesia. Western blot analyses were conducted to quantify ion channel proteins. Results The HF-vehicle group did not show significant changes in LVEF. Both enalapril and LCZ696 therapy significantly improved LVEF. The HF-vehicle group had higher ventricular arrhythmia (VA) inducibility than the sham group. As compared with the HF-vehicle group, LCZ696 therapy significantly reduced VA inducibility, but enalapril therapy did not. Western blot analyses showed significant downregulation of NaV1.5, ERG, KCNE1, and KCNE2 channel proteins in the HF vehicle group compared with the sham group. LCZ696 therapy upregulated protein expression of ERG, KCNE1, and KCNE2. Conclusion As compared with enalapril therapy, LCZ696 therapy led to improvement of LVEF, reduced VA inducibility, and upregulated expression of K+ channel proteins.
Protective eff ect of rosemary ( Rosmarinus offi cinalis ) extract on naphthalene induced nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rat

The bioactivated xenobiotic, naphthalene (NA), is a pervasive environmental contaminant found in ambient air and ground water [1]. Humans are exposed to NA from different sources, including industrial applications, such as the production of phthalic anhydride, which is used in the synthesis of resins, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and insect repellents [2]. Non-occupational exposures also arise from diesel and fuel emissions [3]. It has become obvious that tobacco smoke poses a health risk to nonsmokers and NA has been found to be the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sidestream cigarette smoke [4]. Exposure to NA at home has classically occurred from its use in mothballs as a moth repellent, although this use is becoming less common due to the toxicity and flammability of NA [5]. There is some evidence that NA may cause developmental toxicity as it may cross the placenta giving rise to neonatal hemolytic anemia [6]. NA is toxic by all routes of exposure, whether it is ingested, inhaled or comes into contact with skin and eyes [7]. NA exposure is associated with several toxic manifestations in humans and laboratory animals, with the lens of the eye and the lungs being most sensitive. Most human toxicities involve low dose, chronic exposure to NA [8]. NA caused an increase in incidence and severity of olfactory epithelia metaplasia, chronic inflammation and hyperplasia of respiratory epithelium in the nose and chronic inflammation in the lungs [9]. Histological examination of rat lungs following intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg NA resulted in damage to the non-ciliated, bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells [10]. Preuss et al. [2] reported the development of cataract Protective eff ect of rosemary (Rosmarinus offi cinalis) extract on naphthalene induced nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rat
Taking Advantage of Natural Behavior Improves Dairy Cow Performance

Essentially, the 24-h time budget represents the net response of a cow to her environment. Deviations in any herd from these benchmarked behavioral routines represent departures from natural behavior and can serve as a basis for estimating the performance and economic loss due to poor management strategies. Table 1 illustrates a simplified daily time budget for lactating dairy cattle adapted from Grant and Albright (2000) for cows in a free-stall environment.
Cognitive symptoms in major depressive disorder: associations with clinical and functional outcomes in a 6-month, non-interventional, prospective study in China

Objective: Cognitive symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD) are common and may negatively impact clinical and functional outcomes. The Prospective Research Observation to Assess Cognition in Treated patients with MDD (PROACT) study aimed to assess the prevalence and course of cognitive symptoms, and their associations with clinical and functional outcomes during 6 months of antidepressant treatment, in a real-world setting among Chinese patients with MDD. Patients and methods: Outpatients (n=598) aged 18–65 years with MDD and a total score ≥17 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale – 17 Items (HAM-D17) were observed over 6 months after initiating new antidepressant monotherapy, with follow-up visits at months 1, 2, and 6. Cognitive symptoms were assessed using the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire – Depression (PDQ-D) and cognitive performance using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results: At baseline, 76.9% of patients had indications of cognitive symptoms (PDQ-D total score ≥21); at month 6, this was reduced, but still present in 32.4%. Across the 6-month study period, patients improved across cognitive, clinical and functional assessments. High levels of cognitive symptoms (PDQ-D) consistently predicted worse clinical outcomes, ie, lower odds for remission and increased odds for relapse, as well as worse patient-reported functional outcomes and lower quality of life. In contrast, cognitive performance (DSST) predicted performance-based functioning but only a few patient-reported functional outcomes (absenteeism and quality of life), and no clinical outcomes. PDQ-D and DSST scores were uncorrelated at baseline. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of assessing and targeting cognitive symptoms for increasing patients’ chances of recovery and restoring functioning in the treatment of MDD. The results further highlight the relevance of complementary assessment methods to fully capture aspects of cognitive symptoms in patients with depression.
Pollen productivity estimates from old-growth forest strongly differ from 2 those obtained in cultural landscapes – evidence from the Białowieża National 3

27 Pollen productivity estimates of individual plant taxa are necessary when determining changes of 28 vegetation cover during the Holocene. To date, studies describing this parameter in lowland temperate 29 Europe have been carried out in cultural landscapes showing low forest cover and dominated by human 30 activities. However these may be of limited use when applied to reconstruct past land cover, for 31 instance, from pre-agricultural landscapes. The aim of this paper is to ascertain whether pollen 32 productivity from the closed canopy old-growth forest in the Białowieża National Park, Poland, where 33 human impact has been minimal for nearly a century, is different from that calculated in much more 34 open landscapes. We ask: how much does forest antiquity and structure influence the amount of pollen 35 released from particular taxa? We implemented maximum likelihood estimation of relative pollen 36 productivity for seven tree species and for Poaceae using 18 modern pollen assemblages and distance37 weighted plant abundances. Our results demonstrate that the ratio of pollen productivity between high 38 producers (Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur) and low producers (Poaceae, Corylus avellana) is on an 39 average six times greater in Białowieża than across other European cultural landscapes. Pollen from 40 forest Poaceae and C. avellana is six times more underrepresented in old-growth forest than hitherto 41 estimated from cultural landscapes. This finding reinforces the idea that pollen productivity can vary in 42 response to changes in the prevailing environmental settings and we present for the first time a 43 quantification of this variability, likely induced by differences in light availability. 44
Efficient Determination of Measurement Points for Sequential Diagnosis ( Extended Abstract ) ?

Model-Based Diagnosis is a principled AI approach to determine the possible explanations why a system under observation behaves unexpectedly. For complex systems the number of such explanations can be too large to be inspected manually by a user. In these cases sequential diagnosis approaches can be applied. In order to find the true cause of the problem, these approaches iteratively take additional measurements to narrow down the set of possible explanations. One computationally demanding challenge in such sequential diagnosis settings can be to determine the “best” next measurement point. This paper summarizes the key ideas of our recently proposed sequential diagnosis approach, which uses the newly introduced concept of “partial” diagnoses to significantly speed up the process of determining the next measurement point. The resulting overall reductions of the required computation times to find the true cause of the problem are quantified using different benchmark problems and were achieved without the need for any information about the structure of the system.