Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alveolar bone dehiscences and fenestrations: an anatomical study and review.

AIM To determine the prevalence and distribution of fenestrations and dehiscences of the jaw bones among the Caucasian population, to find if any correlations can be established between their occurrence and certain teeth characteristics and to discuss the clinical implications the defects of alveolar process could have. MATERIAL AND METHODS 138 skulls of specimens ranging from 21 to 54 years of age, having either complete dentition or reduced number of missing teeth were studied. Teeth found to have one of the two defects were examined for signs of faceting (attrition) that was considered an indicative for excessive occlusal forces and were submitted (except for the case of the third molars) to an analysis concerning their bucco-lingual inclination in the jaw. RESULTS High-prevalence rates for both osseous entities were found. Fenestrations were present in 69.565% of the skulls and dehiscences were present in 53.623% of the skulls. More fenestrations were found in the maxilla: 74.679% and more dehiscences were found in the mandible: 71.613%. No correlations could be established between the presence of dehiscences and fenestrations and the development of high-occlusal forces, whereas all teeth affected either by dehiscences or by fenestrations were found to have modifications of the normal bucco-lingual inclination angle's values (p<0.05). DISCUSSION The interest regarding the correlation between the alveolar processes morphology and the teeth dates back to 1963. The published studies are somewhat consistent with regard to prevalence and distribution of dehiscences and fenestrations, while opinions concerning their etiology are heterogenous. According to our study and the data provided by the specialized literature references, dehiscences and fenestrations are common findings related to the presence of the teeth. CONCLUSIONS The potential of developing fenestrations and dehiscences must be carefully evaluated through oral surgery procedures. With regard to implant placement, this study aims to help the clinician design and manage treatment, in order to clinically correct the conditions and identify the principles of bone augmentation, so that endo-osseous implants can be properly placed.
Ordered Metal Nanohole Arrays Made by a Two-Step Replication of Honeycomb Structures of Anodic Alumina

A highly ordered metal nanohole array (platinum and gold) was fabricated by a two-step replication of the honeycomb structure of anodic porous alumina. Preparation of the negative porous structure of porous alumina followed by the formation of the positive structure with metal resulted in a honeycomb metallic structure. The metal hole array of the film has a uniform, closely packed honeycomb structure approximately 70 nanometers in diameter and from 1 to 3 micrometers thick. Because of its textured surface, the metal hole array of gold showed a notable color change compared with bulk gold.
The reliability of methodological ratings for speechBITE using the PEDro-P scale.

BACKGROUND speechBITE (http://www.speechbite.com) is an online database established in order to help speech and language therapists gain faster access to relevant research that can used in clinical decision-making. In addition to containing more than 3000 journal references, the database also provides methodological ratings on the PEDro-P (an adapted version of the PEDro) scale to assist clinicians in identifying the scientific quality of randomized (RCTs) and non-randomized control trials (NRCTs). While reliability of the PEDro scale has been established by similar allied health databases, the reliability of the PEDro-P scale has yet to be reported. AIMS To examine the reliability of PEDro-P scale ratings undertaken by raters on the speechBITE database and benchmark these results to the published reliability for the original PEDro scale. Both the total score (out of ten) as well as each of the 11 scale items were included in this analysis. METHODS & PROCEDURES speechBITE's volunteer rater network of 17 members rated the first 100 RCTs and NRCTs on the website. The criterion and overall scores for these ratings were compared with previously published reliability studies using the PEDro scale. Intra-class correlations and per cent agreement measures were used to establish and benchmark reliability. OUTCOMES & RESULTS The speechBITE PEDro-P ratings ranged from fair to excellent for both the total score and for each of the 11 scale items. Furthermore, reliability was equal to that of other databases. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS speechBITE users can be confident of the reliability of ratings published on the website. Further analysis of differences between this study and previous PEDro scale reliability studies are discussed.
Hyperaemic microvascular resistance predicts clinical outcome and microvascular injury after myocardial infarction

Objectives Early detection of microvascular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could identify patients at high risk of adverse clinical outcome, who may benefit from adjunctive treatment. Our objective was to compare invasively measured coronary flow reserve (CFR) and hyperaemic microvascular resistance (HMR) for their predictive power of long-term clinical outcome and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-defined microvascular injury (MVI). Methods Simultaneous intracoronary Doppler flow velocity and pressure measurements acquired immediately after revascularisation for AMI from five centres were pooled. Clinical follow-up was completed for 176 patients (mean age 60±10 years; 140(80%) male; ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 130(74%) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 46(26%)) with median follow-up time of 3.2 years. In 110 patients with STEMI, additional CMR was performed. Results The composite end point of death and hospitalisation for heart failure occurred in 17 patients (10%). Optimal cut-off values to predict the composite end point were 1.5 for CFR and 3.0 mm Hg cm−1•s for HMR. CFR <1.5 was predictive for the composite end point (HR 3.5;95% CI 1.1 to 10.8), but not for its individual components. HMR ≥3.0 mm Hg cm−1 s was predictive for the composite end point (HR 7.0;95% CI 1.5 to 33.7) as well as both individual components. HMR had significantly greater area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for MVI than CFR. HMR remained an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcome and MVI, whereas CFR did not. Conclusions HMR measured immediately following percutaneous coronary intervention for AMI with a cut-off value of 3.0 mm Hg cm−1 s, identifies patients with MVI who are at high risk of adverse clinical outcome. For this purpose, HMR is superior to CFR.
Fetal Renal Artery Flow Velocity Waveforms in Normal Pregnancies and Pregnancies Complicated by Polyhydramnios and Oligohydramnios

Objectives: To determine 1) flow velocity waveform patterns in the fetal renal artery in normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios, and 2) fetal urine output in twin gestations complicated by polyhydramnios- oligohydramnios syndrome. Methods: Doppler waveforms were recorded in 121 normal fetuses, ten fetuses with oligohydramnios, ten with polyhydramnios, and eight sets of diamnionic twins with polyhydramnios in one gestational sac and oligohydramnios in the second sac. In the twins, the fetal urine output was also estimated. Results: The pulsatility index (PI) of the renal artery in normal fetuses decreased linearly with advancing gestation. Abnormal renal artery Pis were found in four fetuses with oligohydramnios. The values in the singleton pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios were in the range of normality for our reference limits for gestation. The PI of the renal artery in the twins with polyhydramnios was significantly lower than that from the twins with oligohydramnios. The urine output was significantly higher in twins with polyhydramnios than in twins with oligohydramnios. Conclusions: Normal pregnancies are associated with changes in the renal artery flow velocity waveforms. In fetuses with oligohydramnios, the worst fetal outcome seems to be associated with abnormal renal artery flow velocity waveforms. In fetuses with polyhydramnios, no abnormal renal artery flow velocity waveforms were found. Changes in renal perfusion influence urine output in twin gestations complicated by polyhydramnios-oligohydramnios.
Investigation Into the Cardiac Effects of Spironolactone in the Experimental Model of Type 1 Diabetes

We have studied the effect of 8-week treatment with spironolactone (20 mg·kg−1·day−1) on cardiovascular complications associated with streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Wistar rats were made diabetic with STZ (45 mg/kg, intravenously). Various biochemical and cardiac parameters were measured at the end of 8 weeks. STZ produced hyperglycemia; hypoinsulinemia; hyperlipidemia; increased blood pressure; increased creatinine, cardiac enzyme, and C-reactive protein levels; reduction in heart rate; and cardiac hypertrophy. Chronic treatment with spironolactone significantly prevented STZ-induced bradycardia, hypertension, and elevated fasting glucose level with simultaneous increase in serum insulin levels. It significantly reduced the elevated cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels and increased the lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in diabetic rats. Furthermore, spironolactone also produced a significant reduction in the elevated creatinine levels, C-reactive protein, and levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase. It also produced beneficial effect in diabetic rats by preventing cardiac hypertrophy as evident from decrease in left ventricular collagen levels, cardiac hypertrophy index, and left ventricular hypertrophy index. Our data suggest that spironolactone prevents not only the STZ-induced metabolic abnormalities but also cardiovascular complications.
IFN-γ Enhances Production of Nitric Oxide from Macrophages via a Mechanism That Depends on Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain-2

Pattern recognition receptors are central to the responsiveness of various eukaryotic cell types when they encounter pathogen-associated molecular patterns. IFN-γ is a cytokine that is elevated in humans and other animals with bacterial infection and enhances the LPS-induced production of antibacterial mediators by macrophages. Mice lacking the pattern recognition receptor, TLR4, respond very poorly to stimulation by LPS, but administration of IFN-γ has been described as restoring apparent sensitivity to this stimulatory ligand. In this study, we show that IFN-γ primes murine macrophages stimulated by crude LPS preparations to produce the antibacterial mediator NO, a proportion of which is independent of TLRs 2 and 4. This response is lost in tlr4−/− IFN-γ-primed murine macrophages when the LPS preparation is highly purified. NO is also induced if chemically synthesized muramyl dipeptide, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, is used to stimulate macrophages primed with IFN-γ. This is absolutely dependent on the presence of a functional nucleotide oligomerization domain-2 (NOD-2) protein. IFN-γ increases NOD-2 expression and dissociates this protein from the actin cytoskeleton within the cell. IFN-γ priming of macrophages therefore reveals a key proinflammatory role for NOD-2. This study also shows that the effect of IFN-γ in restoring inflammatory responses to Gram-negative bacteria or bacterial products in mice with defective TLR4 signaling is likely to be due to a response to peptidoglycan, not LPS.
Glucose kinetics during prolonged exercise in highly trained human subjects: effect of glucose ingestion

1 The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate whether glucose ingestion during prolonged exercise reduces whole body muscle glycogen oxidation, (2) to determine the extent to which glucose disappearing from the plasma is oxidized during exercise with and without carbohydrate ingestion and (3) to obtain an estimate of gluconeogenesis. 2 After an overnight fast, six well‐trained cyclists exercised on three occasions for 120 min on a bicycle ergometer at 50% maximum velocity of O2 uptake and ingested either water (Fast), or a 4% glucose solution (Lo‐Glu) or a 22% glucose solution (Hi‐Glu) during exercise. 3 Dual tracer infusion of [U‐13C]‐glucose and [6,6‐2H2]‐glucose was given to measure the rate of appearance (Ra) of glucose, muscle glycogen oxidation, glucose carbon recycling, metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and non‐oxidative disposal of glucose. 4 Glucose ingestion markedly increased total Ra especially with Hi‐Glu. After 120 min Ra and rate of disappearance (Rd) of glucose were 51‐52 μmol kg−1 min−1 during Fast, 73‐74 μmol kg−1 min−1 during Lo‐Glu and 117–119 μmol kg−1 min−1 during Hi‐Glu. The percentage of Rd oxidized was between 96 and 100% in all trials. 5 Glycogen oxidation during exercise was not reduced by glucose ingestion. The vast majority of glucose disappearing from the plasma is oxidized and MCR increased markedly with glucose ingestion. Glucose carbon recycling was minimal suggesting that gluconeogenesis in these conditions is negligible.
The use of secondary metabolites extracted from Trichoderma for plant growth promotion in the Andean highlands

Abstract Agriculture in the Altiplano and Andean Mountains is experiencing threats to sustainability mainly due to intensive cultivation of quinoa driven by international markets. This recent export-oriented production system is causing the degradation of soils and reducing productivity, therefore, agro-technological innovations are necessary to sustain cropping systems while maintaining organic quality (mostly quinoa). In this work, we searched for native Trichoderma species associated with plants from the Andean highlands to obtain an environmentally friendly and organic alternative to chemical fertilizers. We obtained different Trichoderma isolates from quinoa, potato and maize roots and soil, which were identified as Trichoderma harzianum, as well as other species. Twelve of the isolates were cultured in pairs to stimulate the production and secretion of compounds of diverse chemical nature that we called collectively ‘secondary metabolites’ (SMs). Crude extracts of SMs were used to inoculate selected crops to determine their plant growth promoting potential compared with two commercially available controls, chemical fertilizer and a bio-fertilizer. Results showed that SMs significantly promoted lettuce and radish growth and increased quinoa grain yield. Indole acetic acid was detected in all SM extracts that promoted plant growth, suggesting that this plant regulator might be responsible for the plant growth promoting activity. In conclusion, the Trichoderma-derived SMs approach appears to be a promising, simple and accessible technology for small-scale farmers in order to insure the sustainability, affordability and accessibility of food production in the Andes.
Multiproduct Oligopoly and Trade between Asymmetric Countries

This paper develops a general equilibrium model of oligopolistic multiproduct Â…firms conducting trade between asymmetric countries, in which heterogeneous Â…firms entrants choose their product ranges and outputs. We show that there are fewer exporters in the larger country, and each produces a wider range of products but exports fewer varieties. We also show that while trade liberalization increases the total number of consumed varieties, it decreases the total number of Â…rms and may reduce the product range of each Â…firm.
Needle emg registration of striated urethral wall and pelvic floor muscle activity patterns during cough, valsalva, abdominal, hip adductor, and gluteal muscle contractions in nulliparous healthy females

The aim of the present study was to describe co‐activity patterns of the striated urethral wall muscle and the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) during contraction of outer pelvic muscles. Six healthy nulliparous physical education students, mean age 19.5 years (19–21) participated in the study. Concentric needle EMG and a Dantec amplifier were used for registrations. EMG activity was continuously recorded with the participants lying in a supine position. EMG was recorded during relaxation, contraction of the PFM. valsalva maneuver, coughing, hip adductor contraction, gluteal muscle contraction, backward tilting of the pelvis, and sit‐ups. The procedure was performed with the needle in the striated muscle of the anterior wall of the urethra and then repeated with the needle set lateral to the urethra in the PFM. The results showed that the striated urethral wall muscle was contracted synergistically during PFM, hip adductor, and gluteal muscle contraction, but not during abdominal contraction. Both hip adduction, gluteal muscle, and abdominal muscle contraction gave synergistic contraction of the PFM. Thus the urethral wall striated muscle and the PFM react differently during abdominal contraction. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alpha Matting With KL-Divergence-Based Sparse Sampling

In this paper, we present a new sampling-based alpha matting approach for the accurate estimation of foreground and background layers of an image. Previous sampling-based methods typically rely on certain heuristics in collecting representative samples from known regions, and thus their performance deteriorates if the underlying assumptions are not satisfied. To alleviate this, we take an entirely new approach and formulate sampling as a sparse subset selection problem where we propose to pick a small set of candidate samples that best explains the unknown pixels. Moreover, we describe a new dissimilarity measure for comparing two samples which is based on KL-divergence between the distributions of features extracted in the vicinity of the samples. The proposed framework is general and could be easily extended to video matting by additionally taking temporal information into account in the sampling process. Evaluation on standard benchmark data sets for image and video matting demonstrates that our approach provides more accurate results compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
FROM COUNTERCULTURE MOVEMENT TO MAINSTREAM MARKET: EMERGENCE OF THE U.S. ORGANIC FOOD INDUSTRY

This chapter considers the potential for research that reconsiders boundaries commonly established between consumers and consumption environments. The chapter questioned recurrent dualistic categories that feature both in consumer culture and in consumer-culture theory. The chapter examines what dualisms are used for in market contexts, before specifically exploring human/non-human and nature/culture dualisms in consumer research. This chapter takes a dualism to represent: first, the relationship between two opposing and ontologically separate categories that people draw on as linguistic devices to understand, give meaning and represent their life worlds; and second, a mode of theory building reliant on the categorical interplay between binaries. Dualisms are common feature es of everyday consumer cultures. The aim of this questioning is to generate different ways to think about markets and consumer cultures. Finally, the chapter consider the case for retaining dualisms, by acknowledging how they may feature differently in consumers' and consumer researchers' knowledge-making practices.
MICROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF GROWING PUBLIC DEBT ON THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

The paper represents a complex analysis of public debt as one of the major tools of microeconomic policy, through which a modern state can directly or indirectly affect the condition and development of the national economy.The analysis results are given for modern concepts explaining how the amount of public debt affects microeconomic development. It is shown that a growing public debt may cause both a positive and a negative effect on microeconomic processes, which makes it possible to reach a conclusion about the contradictory character of debt funding the economy.The essence and nature of the Russian Federations public debt is revealed as an important component of the Russian economys operating mechanism at the present time.The RF public debt dynamics are presented and projected values of its growth are given for the years 2016-2018.A brief description of the characteristics of RF debt policy is provided. It is noted that one of its objectives for the next few years is the need to adapt to the changing conditions in the external and domestic financial markets.One hazard of growing public debt is identified given the structural misbalances and external economic shocks, since it may result in a bigger dependence of the national economy on external and internal borrowings, which, in turn, will provoke additional risks for the development of the Russian economy.It is shown that in the countries with developing markets, growing public borrowings may cause negative macroeconomic consequences. It is proven that in order to enhance the stimulating effect of public debt on the macroeconomic processes the state needs to develop an efficient debt strategy, which would clearly define the economic boundaries of public debt use.
3′-End Stem-Loops of the Subviral RNAs Associated with Turnip Crinkle Virus Are Involved in Symptom Modulation and Coat Protein Binding

ABSTRACT Many plant RNA viruses are associated with one or more subviral RNAs. Two subviral RNAs, satellite RNA C (satC) and defective interfering RNA G (diG) intensify the symptoms of their helper, turnip crinkle virus (TCV). However, when the coat protein (CP) of TCV was replaced with that of the related Cardamine chlorotic fleck virus (CCFV), both subviral RNAs attenuated symptoms of the hybrid virus TCV-CPCCFV. In contrast, when the translation initiation codon of the TCV CP was altered to ACG and reduced levels of CP were synthesized, satC attenuated symptoms while diG neither intensified nor attenuated symptoms. The determinants for this differential symptom modulation were previously localized to the 3′-terminal 100 bases of the subviral RNAs, which contain six positional differences (Q. Kong, J.-W. Oh, C. D. Carpenter, and A. E. Simon, Virology 238:478–485, 1997). In the current study, we have determined that certain sequences within the 3′-terminal stem-loop structures of satC and diG, which also serve as promoters for complementary strand synthesis, are critical for symptom modulation. Furthermore, the ability to attenuate symptoms was correlated with weakened binding of TCV CP to the hairpin structure.
Self-Curable Gate-All-Around MOSFETs Using Electrical Annealing to Repair Degradation Induced From Hot-Carrier Injection

Device degradation induced by hot-carrier injection was repaired by electrical annealing using Joule heat through a built-in heater in a gate. The concentrated high temperature anneals the gate oxide locally and the degraded device parameters are recovered or further enhanced within a short time of 1 ms. Selecting a proper range of repair voltage is very important to maximize the annealing effects and minimize the extra damages caused by excessive high temperature. The repairing voltage is related to the resistance of the poly-Si gate according to the device scaling.
Revenue Benchmark Beating and the Sector-Level Investor Pricing of Revenue and Earnings

SYNOPSIS: Prior research examines financial reporting of revenue in the context of how the incentives to achieve the earnings goal affect revenue reporting. In contrast, this study investigates how firms respond to sector-level incentives related to both revenue and earnings when evaluating the importance of revenue benchmarks. Results show that the importance of revenue benchmarks varies over time and across industry sectors. Regression analyses show that the sector-level incentives related to revenue and earnings affect revenue benchmark beating in opposite ways. Firms are more (less) likely to meet or just beat revenue benchmarks when the sector-level investor pricing of revenue (earnings) is high. Cross-sectional tests reveal that the association between revenue benchmark beating and the sector-level investor pricing of revenue (earnings) is stronger (weaker) among relatively young firms.