Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Additional Inoculations Increase Soybean Nodulation and Grain Yield

715 Soybean is one of the most important commodities in the portfolio of Brazilian export products, accounting for approximately 13% of all the country’s exportations (CONAB, 2016; Embrapa Soja, 2016). The crop is highly demanding on N, requiring around 80 kg of N to produce 1000 kg of grains (Hungria and Mendes, 2015). The utilization of chemical N fertilizers would cost around US$15 billion every year, making soybean cultivation unattractive under Brazilian conditions (Hungria and Mendes, 2015). The supply of N for soybean in Brazil relies exclusively on the inoculation with elite strains of N2–fixing bradyrhizobia (Hungria et al., 2006; Hungria and Mendes, 2015). Soybean growth based on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is also a reality in Brazilian neighboring countries, such as Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia (Hungria et al., 2006; Hungria and Mendes, 2015). In addition to economic advantages, BNF with soybean in South America contributes to reduce the release, into the atmosphere, of millions of tonnes of CO2 resulting from the production of chemical fertilizers (Sá et al., 2017) Most of the nodules present on the roots of legumes are formed by the inoculant applied to the seed before sowing (Bhuvaneswari et al., 1981; Calvert et al., 1984). Previous studies (Kosslak and Bohlool, 1984; Reid et al., 2011; Tanabata and Ohyama, 2014; Wang et al., 2014) have demonstrated that the host exerts autoregulation of nodulation (AON), controlling the number of nodules and causing the majority of them to be formed near the root crown. In soybean, AON has been shown to be activated as early as 4 d after inoculation, suppressing further nodulation (Kosslak and Bohlool, 1984). Initial nodule formation is critical, and only a set of fully functional nodules can supply the adequate amount of N to the crop. However, symbiosis aging (Van de Velde et al., 2006), and environmental stresses (Matamoros et al., 1999; Puppo et al., 2005) may cause nodule senescence and cessation of BNF, generally coinciding with the stage of pod filling (Lawn and Brun, 1974; Bethlenfalvay and Phillips, 1977; Neves and Hungria, 1987; Barradas et al., 1989). Since AON has been mainly studied at early stages of plant growth, little is known if further boosts Can Additional Inoculations Increase Soybean Nodulation and Grain Yield?
Nonthermal production of WIMPs, cosmic e(+/-) excesses, and gamma rays from the Galactic Center

In this paper we propose a dark matter model and study aspects of its phenomenology. Our model is based on a new dark matter sector with a U(1)(') gauge symmetry plus a discrete symmetry added to the standard model of particle physics. The new fields of the dark matter sector have no hadronic charges and couple only to leptons. Our model cannot only give rise to the observed neutrino mass hierarchy, but can also generate the baryon number asymmetry via nonthermal leptogenesis. The breaking of the new U(1)(') symmetry produces cosmic strings. The dark matter particles are produced nonthermally from cosmic string loop decay which allows one to obtain sufficiently large annihilation cross sections to explain the observed cosmic ray positron and electron fluxes recently measured by the PAMELA, ATIC, PPB-BETS, Fermi-LAT, and HESS experiments while maintaining the required overall dark matter energy density. The high velocity of the dark matter particles from cosmic string loop decay leads to a low phase space density and thus to a dark matter profile with a constant density core in contrast to what happens in a scenario with thermally produced cold dark matter where the density keeps rising towards the center. As a result, the flux of gamma rays radiated from the final leptonic states of dark matter annihilation from the Galactic center is suppressed and satisfies the constraints from the HESS gamma-ray observations.
Synergistic Activity of Fosfomycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Gentamicin Against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Gram-negative (GN) rods cause about 10% periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and represent an increasing challenge due to emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are among the most common cause of GN-PJI and ciprofloxacin is the first-line antibiotic. Due to emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance, we evaluated in vitro the activity of fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin, alone and in combinations, against E. coli and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Conventional microbiological tests and isothermal microcalorimetry were applied to investigate the anti-biofilm activity of the selected antibiotics against standard laboratory strains as well as clinical strains isolated from patients with prosthetic joint associated infections. The biofilm susceptibility to each antibiotic varied widely among strains, while fosfomycin presented a poor anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa. Synergism of two-pair antibiotic combinations was observed against different clinical strains from both species. Highest synergism was found for the fosfomycin/gentamicin combination against the biofilm of E. coli strains (75%), including a gentamicin-resistant but fosfomycin-susceptible strain, whereas the gentamicin/ciprofloxacin combination presented synergism with higher frequency against the biofilm of P. aeruginosa strains (71.4%). A hypothetical bacteriolysis effect of gentamicin could explain why combinations with this antibiotic seem to be particularly effective. Still, the underlying mechanism of the synergistic effect on biofilms is unknown. In conclusion, combinatorial antibiotic application has shown to be more effective against biofilms compared to monotherapy. Further in vivo and clinical studies are essential to define the potential treatment regimen based on our results.
Skin and hypodermis : from basic knowledge to practical questions about hypodermic needle length

The first Injection Technique workshop brought together endocrinologists and injection experts from around the world in Strasbourg in 1997. From its work came groundbreaking recommendations which advanced best practices in areas such as the use of a skin fold when injecting. The second Injection Technique workshop, with an expanded format including nurses and diabetes educators, took place in Barcelona in 2000. The initial stimulus to use shorter injecting needles can be said to date from this meeting. The third Injection Technique workshop was held in Athens in September 2009 and involved 127 experts from across the globe. After a comprehensive review of all publications since 2000 as well as several unpublished studies, the attendees divided into smaller groups to debate and draft new injecting recommendations based on the new data and their collective experience. This paper summarizes all the formal presentations given at this practical consensus workshop. © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Strains of Probiotics Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus and Induction of Cytokine Profile by Differential Toll-Like Receptor Recognition

The use of probiotics as a food supplement has gained tremendous interest in the last few years as beneﬁcial effects were reported in gut homeostasis and nutrient absorption but also in immunocompro-mised patients, supporting protection from colonization or infection with pathogenic bacteria or fungi. As a treatment approach for inﬂammatory bowel diseases, a suitable probiotic strain would ideally be one with a low immunogenic potential. Insight into the immunogenicities and types of T-cell responses induced by potentially probiotic strains allows a more rational selection of a particular strain. In the present study, the bacterial strains Biﬁdobacterium breve (NumRes 204), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NumRes1), and Lac- tobacillus casei (DN-114 001) were compared concerning their capacity to induce inﬂammatory responses in terms of cytokine production by human and mouse primary immune cells. It was demonstrated that the B. breve strain induced lower levels of the proinﬂammatory cytokine gamma interferon (IFN- (cid:1) ) than the tested L. rhamnosus and L. casei strains. Both B. breve and lactobacilli induced cytokines in a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-dependent manner, while the lower inﬂammatory proﬁle of B. breve was due to inhibitory effects of TLR2. No role for TLR4, NOD2, and C-type lectin receptors was apparent. In conclusion, TLR signaling is involved in the differentiation of inﬂammatory responses between probiotic strains used as food supplements.
COMPARING RESILIENCE AND CONFRONTATION METHODS IN ORDINARY GIRLS AND THOSE WHO ATTEMPT SUICIDE IN ILAM

The aim the present research was to compare resilience and the confrontation methods in girls who attempt suicide and the ordinary girls in Ilam. The statistical universe of the research included all of girls who have referred to the emergency section of both Talqani and Mostafa Xomeini hospitals. Of these girls 75 were selected as the ordinary girls and the same number were selected as those attempted suicides through in availability sampling. To collect the related data the Connor & Davidson Scale of resilience and Mous & Bilinger scale of the confrontation strategies were employed. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between resilience and problem-solving based confrontation methods and emotion-centered methods. This difference showed that the girls having attempted suicide had a weak resilience and less frequently made use of solution based confrontation methods; they more frequently used emotion centered confrontation methods. The results can be used to prevent from suicide and can also be used in strategies for improving mental health and also selecting the appropriate confrontation method for those attempting suicide.
InP-based Sb-free Lasers and Photodetectors in 2-3 Î¼m Band

Zhang et al. efforts on the explore of InP-based Sb-free 2-3 μm band lasers and photodetectors are introduced, including the 2-2.5 μm band type I InGaAs MQW lasers under pseudomorphic triangle well scheme, 2.5-3.0 μm band type I InAs MQW lasers under metamorphic strain compensated well scheme, as well as InGaAs photodetectors of high indium contents with cut-off wavelength large than 1.7 μm. All device structures are grown using gas source MBE method, and CW operation above room temperature have been reached for the lasers with wavelength less than 2.5 μm. Pulse operation of 2.9 μm lasers at TE temperature also have been reached The dark current of 2.6 μm InGaAs photodetectors have been decreased notably with the inserting of supperlattice electron barriers, those types of epitaxial materials have been used to the development of FPA modules for space remote sensing applications.
Keep Calm and Carry On: Emotion Regulation in Entrepreneurs’ Learning from Failure

While failure urges entrepreneurs to learn, it also generates strong emotions that may hinder learning behaviors. Drawing on affective events theory, we develop a model reconciling the countervailing effects of failure. In particular, we focus on failure velocity—rate at which failure events are experienced—to understand entrepreneurs’ learning from failure. Survey data from entrepreneurs in the information technology industry reveals an inverted U–shaped relationship between failure velocity and learning behaviors. Emotion regulation moderates this relationship. When failure velocity rises beyond an inflection point, its relationship with learning behaviors is more positive for entrepreneurs with higher emotion regulation.
Stellar hydrodynamical modeling of dwarf galaxies: simulation methodology, tests, and first results

Cosmological simulations still lack numerical resolution or physical processes to simulate dwarf galaxies in sufficient details. Accurate numerical simulations of individual dwarf galaxies are thus still in demand. We aim at (i) studying in detail the coupling between stars and gas in a galaxy, exploiting the so-called stellar hydrodynamical approach, and (ii) studying the chemo-dynamical evolution of individual galaxies starting from self-consistently calculated initial gas distributions. We present a novel chemo-dynamical code in which the dynamics of gas is computed using the usual hydrodynamics equations, while the dynamics of stars is described by the stellar hydrodynamics approach, which solves for the first three moments of the collisionless Boltzmann equation. The feedback from stellar winds and dying stars is followed in detail. In particular, a novel and detailed approach has been developed to trace the aging of various stellar populations, which enables an accurate calculation of the stellar feedback depending on the stellar age. We build initial equilibrium models of dwarf galaxies that take gas self-gravity into account and present different levels of rotational support. Models with high rotational support develop prominent bipolar outflows; a newly-born stellar population in these models is preferentially concentrated to the galactic midplane. Models with little rotational support blow away a large fraction of the gas and the resulting stellar distribution is extended and diffuse. The stellar dynamics turns out to be a crucial aspect of galaxy evolution. If we artificially suppress stellar dynamics, supernova explosions occur in a medium heated and diluted by the previous activity of stellar winds, thus artificially enhancing the stellar feedback (abridged).
Model structure detection and system identification of metal rubber devices

Metal rubber (MR) devices, a new wire mesh material, have been extensively used in recent years due to several unique properties especially in adverse environments. Although many practical studies have been completed, the related theoretical research on metal rubber is still in its infancy. In this paper, a semi-constitutive dynamic model that involves nonlinear elastic stiffness, nonlinear viscous damping and bilinear hysteresis Coulomb damping is adopted to model MR devices. After approximating the bilinear hysteresis damping using Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, a very efficient procedure based on the orthogonal least squares (OLS) algorithm and the adjustable prediction error sum of squares (APRESS) criterion is proposed for model structure detection and parameter estimation of an MR device for the first time. The OLS algorithm provides a powerful tool to effectively select the significant model terms step by step, one at a time, by orthogonalizing the associated terms and maximizing the error reduction ratio, in a forward stepwise procedure. The APRESS statistic regularizes the OLS algorithm to facilitate the determination of the optimal number of model terms that should be included into the dynamic model. Because of the orthogonal property of the OLS algorithm, the approach leads to a parsimonious model. Numerical ill-conditioning problems confronted by the conventional least squares algorithm can also be avoided by the new approach. Finally by utilising the transient response of a MR specimen, it is shown how the model structure can be detected in a practical application. The identified model agrees with the experimental measurements very well.
Paleogene clockwise tectonic rotations in the forearc of central Andes, Antofagasta region, northern Chile

[1] For the Central Valley of northern Chile (Antofagasta region), a paleomagnetic analysis of data from 108 sites, mainly in Mesozoic and Paleogene volcanic rocks, has yielded stable remanent magnetization directions for 86 sites. From these data, we infer clockwise tectonic rotations of up to 65° within the forearc domain of the central Andes. The apparent relationship between tectonic rotations and structural trends suggests that rotations occurred mainly during the Incaic orogenic event of Eocene–early Oligocene age. A few paleomagnetic results obtained in Neogene rocks do not show evidence of clockwise rotations. Hence the development of the Bolivian orocline during late Neogene time cannot be explained by simple bending of the whole margin. These results demonstrate that tectonic rotations within the forearc and pre-Cordillera are key elements of early Andean deformation, which should be taken into account by kinematic models of mountain building in the central Andes.
Competitive Dynamics, Global Industry Cycles, Integration-Responsiveness, and Financial Performance in Emerging and Industrialized Country Markets

This paper examines competitive dynamics, industry cycles, and financial performance in emerging and industrialized country markets through the lens of the integration-responsiveness framework in the global information technology industry in Taiwan and the global construction equipment industry in the US. It investigates how firms in these industries fit their strategies to their strategic orientations to sustain competitive advantages. A survey of chief executives of 351 Taiwanese firms and 349 US firms highlighted the presence of industry pressures driving firms towards local responsiveness, multifocal, and global integration strategic orientations. The industry pressures predicted six different competitive strategies (conservative cost control, quality reputation, complex innovation, marketing differentiation, premium positioning, and breadth) as proposed by prior research. Multigroup comparisons of the structural models for the Taiwanese information technology and the US construction equipment industries show that firms that perceive pressures for global integration, multifocal orientation, and local responsiveness place similar emphasis on the six competitive strategies. The major finding of the comparison is that complex innovation has a dominant effect on competitive dynamics and financial performance. Other competitive strategies, while important, were not as critical to success for global firms competing in emerging and industrialized country markets.
Prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth in east-northern Turkish population

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and the distribution of supernumerary teeth (ST) in patients from east-northern Turkey. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 1876 patients [673 females (mean age: 13.05±2.79 years) and 1203 males (mean age: 13.63±3.18 years)] ranging in age from 7 to 34 years (mean age: 13.39±3.05 years). Demographic variables including age and sex, the type, number, eruption status of the ST were recorded. In addition, associated pathologies or complications (displacement, eruption failure, resorption of adjacent tooth, and cyst formation) caused by ST were also recorded. The Pearson chi-squared test was used to determine potential differences between genders. Results: ST were detected in 15 patients (0.75 %). The frequency of males and females with ST was 1.16 % and 0.49 %, respectively (P= 0.944). The most commonly observed ST was premolar (33.33%) followed by mesiodens (26.67%), distomolar (20.0%), lateral (13.33%), paramolar (6.67%), respectively. Most of the ST were found to be unilateral, impacted, and in the maxilla. Complications associated with ST were observed in 20.0% of the patients with ST. Conclusions: The frequency of ST in east-northern Turkish general population was found to be 0.75% with no gender difference (p>0.05). The most commonly observed ST was premolar followed by mesiodens.
The Impact of Gender Quotas on Gender Equality in Sport Governance

A common intervention to address women’s underrepresentation in governance has been the introduction of gender quotas. This study examined the impact of gender quotas on gender equality in governance among boards of National Sport Organizations (NSOs) in Australia. Central to the study was the theoretical concept of a gender regime. Part of a larger study, the research design comprised a comparative case study of five NSOs with data collected mainly through semistructured interviews with directors and CEOs. The findings suggest that a quota of a minimum of three women was a first condition to advance gender equality in governance. It needed to operate, however, in conjunction with other gender dynamics to move toward equal participation by men and women in board decision making. These included women in influential board positions, solidaristic emotional relations between men and women directors, and directors’ adoption of gender equality as an organizational value.
Split invariance principles for stationary processes.

The results of Komlos, Major and Tusnady give optimal Wiener approximation of partial sums of i.i. d. random variables and provide an extremely powerful tool in probability and statistical inference. Recently Wu [Ann. Probab. 35 (2007) 2294–2320] obtained Wiener approximation of a class of dependent stationary processes with finite pth moments, $2 0$, and Liu and Lin [Stochastic Process. Appl. 119 (2009) 249–280] removed the logarithmic factor, reaching the Komlos–Major–Tusnady bound $o(n^{1/p})$. No similar results exist for $p > 4$, and in fact, no existing method for dependent approximation yields an a.s. rate better than $o(n^{1/4})$. In this paper we show that allowing a second Wiener component in the approximation, we can get rates near to $o(n^{1/p})$ for arbitrary $p > 2$. This extends the scope of applications of the results essentially, as we illustrate it by proving new limit theorems for increments of stochastic processes and statistical tests for short term (epidemic) changes in stationary processes. Our method works under a general weak dependence condition covering wide classes of linear and nonlinear time series models and classical dynamical systems.
Comparative analysis of current diagnostic PCR assays in detecting pathogenic Leptospira isolates from environmental samples

Objective: To compare the efficiency of routine diagnostic PCR assays in detecting pathogenic Leptospira isolated from water and soils. Methods: Seven routine assays targeting six genes (lipL32, flaB, gyrB, lfb1, secY and ligB) were evaluated and compared on the cultures of two groups of pathogenic Leptospira from different sources. One group included 19 described reference strains recovered from infected human or animals, and another group included 22 environmental isolates from recreational and residential sites in Malaysia. The latter have been confirmed for presence of pathogenic Leptospira DNA. PCR positivity or detection sensitivity of each assay was determined and compared between the two groups. Results: Validation on reference strains showed 100.0% PCR sensitivity for all assays except ligB-PCR (95.0%) that failed to amplify Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona. In marked contrast, there was a notable decline in sensitivity in the environmental isolates (lipL32-PCR, 95.5%;flaB-PCR, 90.9%; gyrB-PCR, 77.3%; lfb1-PCR, 59.1%; secY-PCRs, 40.9% G1/G2- PCR, 36.4%; ligB-PCR, 13.6%), implying a large genetic distance between the two groups, as well as nucleotide polymorphism among environmental isolates. Conclusions: High proportion of false-negative PCR results suggests a need of prudent selection of primers in detecting environmental pathogenic Leptospira. These findings offer valuable insights on the extensive biodiversity of genus Leptospira and its impact on the efficacy and development of molecular detection tool.
Lopinavir-Ritonavir Abacavir , Lamivudine , or Intracellular Interactions between TDF and ( TDF ) : Investigation of Systemic and Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study of Human

Published Ahead of Print 9 March 2009. 10.1128/AAC.01064-08. 2009, 53(5):1937. DOI: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Bonaventura Clotet Puig, Mikaël Levi, Rafaela Ayen, Jacques Grassi and Alain Pruvost, Eugènia Negredo, Frédéric Théodoro, Jordi Lopinavir-Ritonavir Abacavir, Lamivudine, or Intracellular Interactions between TDF and (TDF): Investigation of Systemic and Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study of Human