Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Injection Scenario on the Rate and Magnitude Content of Injection‐Induced Seismicity: Case of a Heterogeneous Fault

Injection of fluids into underground formations reactivates preexisting faults and modifies the seismic hazard, as demonstrated by the 2011 Mw 5.7 and the 2016 Mw 5.8 earthquakes in Oklahoma. Currently, the effect of injection remains poorly understood. We model the seismicity triggered by a fluid flowing inside a Dietrich‐Ruina heterogeneous 2‐D fault, which can generate irregular sequences of events with magnitudes obeying Gutenberg Richter distribution. We consider a punctual injection scenario where injection pressure increases at a constant rate until a maximum pressure is reached and kept constant. We show that such a fluid injection leads to a sharp increase in the seismicity rate, which correlates with the time series of the pore pressure rate, for a wide range of injection pressure. Increasing the final pressure leads to an increase in the amplitude and the duration of the seismicity rate perturbation but also to a decrease in the frequency of large‐magnitude events. The maximum seismicity rate during the sequence also increases with the injection pressure rate, as long as a pressure‐rate threshold is not exceeded. Beyond it, the effect of increasing the injection rate is to make large‐magnitude earthquakes more frequent. While the total number of induced earthquakes is essentially controlled by the maximum pressure, the total seismic moment liberated increases with both the maximum pressure and the pressure rate. The comparison of our model to Dietrich's (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB02581) model shows the important trade‐off existing between seismicity rate perturbations and magnitude content variations of fluid induced seismicity.
Reinforcement with geosynthetics - how they work in soil

: Geosynthetics in the form of fabrics and nonwovens and have been used successfully for around 50 years for the reinforcement of base layers in traffic route construction and the construction of smaller but steep wrap around walls. Due to the development of high-strength geogrids, the field of application has expanded enormously today. In addition to classic applications with now impressive dimensions, geosynthetic reinforcements are mainly used for bridging areas at risk of sinkholes and for the foundation of embankments on soft ground in various designs. Compared to conventional concrete constructions, this is usually done with considerably less effort and also with less use of resources and energy. Geosynthetic reinforced constructions show an extremely ductile behaviour, which makes them very robust against settlements and settlement differences. It is also known from many measurements and observations that geosynthetic reinforced constructions usually have a higher load-bearing capacity and exhibit lower deformations than are calculated during design. This indicates that the interaction mechanisms be-tween soil and geosynthetics are not yet sufficiently understood. In this paper the different interactions be-tween soil and geogrids are shown on the micro-and macroscale. The relative movement between geogrid and soil is of enormous importance. As far as possible, mechanical models for the interaction mechanisms on these two scale levels are presented. Subsequently, for the main application of geosynthetic reinforced constructions, the practical effects of these models will be shown. Finally, the existing research needs are identified. There is great hope here in the use of transparent soil, with which it is possible to make the relative movements between geogrid and soil inside a test box visible without distortion of the result by measuring equipment.
Health-Promoting Properties of Fresh and Processed Purple Cauliflower

Plant-based foods should be fresh, safe, and natural, with nutritional value and processed in sustainable ways. Among all consumed vegetables, Brassica vegetables are considered to be the most important ones. As they are eaten in large quantities and frequently, they may constitute an important source of nutrients and bioactive compounds in a daily diet. This work is aimed at assessing the effect of technological processing (blanching and traditional cooking in water and in a convection steam oven) as well as the method of frozen storage (in PE-LD zipper bags and vacuum packing) on the content of selected components in purple cauliflower. The material was examined for the content of dry matter, vitamin C, total polyphenols, anthocyanins, thiocyanates, nitrates, and nitrites, as well as antioxidant activity. All technological processes caused significant changes in the contents of examined nutritive and non-nutritive compounds as well as in antioxidant activity or the level of selected chemical pollutions. A trend was also observed towards lower constituents’ losses as a result of convection steaming, compared to traditional cooking in water. Moreover, the reduction in the content of examined compounds was smaller in vacuum-packed and frozen-stored vegetables then in those stored in zipper PE-LD bags.
Measuring the Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability of Short Food Supply Chains

The production and distribution of food are among the hot topics debated in the context of sustainable development. Short food supply chains (SFSCs) are now widely believed to be more sustainable in comparison to mass food delivery systems. To date, very little quantitative evidence exists on the impacts of various types of food supply chains. Using a cross-sectional quantitative approach, this study assesses the sustainability of distribution channels in short and long food supply chains based on 208 food producers across seven countries: France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. Ten distribution channel types are used in this study. To provide a comprehensive sustainability assessment, a set of economic, social, and environmental indicators are applied. Indicators commonly used in the literature are used, supported by original indicators constructed specifically for the present study. In total, 486 chains are examined and the study confirms that individual producers participate simultaneously in several, short and long chains. Participation in SFSCs is beneficial for producers from an economic perspective. SFSCs allow producers to capture a large proportion of margin otherwise absorbed by different intermediaries. It appears, however, that ’longer’ supply channels generate lower environmental impacts per unit of production when measured in terms of food miles and carbon footprint. Finally, ambiguous results are found regarding social dimension, with significant differences across types of chains.
Occupational structure in Ireland in the nineteenth century: data sources and avenues of exploration

This paper considers structural change in post-Famine Ireland through an examination of changes in the allocation of the labour force across three broad production sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. To do so, it makes extensive use of the Irish Census of Population from 1821 to 1911 as a source of occupational information. While there are a number of concerns with these returns, outlined and explored here, the Irish census remains the most complete source of information available on male and female labour force activity and occupations in Ireland during this period. The outcome of this exercise is a picture of Irish primary, secondary and tertiary sector employment during the latter half of the nineteenth century that is consistent with that of an economy undergoing a development transition: modernising albeit slowly. While Ireland was the poorest region of the UK economy, it was one of the richer European economies in terms of GDP per head and undergoing a development transition similar to a number of European economies during this period.
Environmental Stochasticity, Cournot Competition and the Prisoner's Dilemma

The production of natural resource-based commodities is frequently affected by environmental uncertainty and the strategic response of producers to uncertainty. We ask when uncertainty induces cooperation. Using a model of Cournot competition under environmentally induced price uncertainty, we consider the conditions under which cooperation is favored over defection. We find that the probability of cooperation depends on the length of the time period over which production levels are adjusted to price shocks. When uncertainty is low, the probability of cooperation is monotonically increasing in the length of this adjustment period. When uncertainty is high, the probability of cooperation initially increases as the adjustment period lengthens, but beyond some threshold starts to fall. In this case, the expected outcome is defection. We consider the broader implications of these findings.
Determining the status and distribution of the eastern black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) in coastal Texas

Knowledge of a species’ distribution is essential for creating a conservation management plan. Predictive habitat models are valuable in the assessment of rare or cryptic species in vast landscapes such as the Texas coast. In this study, I developed a species distribution model using an occupancy modeling framework for the eastern black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) in coastal Texas. I conducted repeated call play-back surveys in 2015 and 2016 and detected 286 black rails at 109 survey points. With this data, I modeled black rail occurrence while accounting for imperfect detection and mapped results using a geographic information system. There was a positive association between black rail occurrence and average annual precipitation, herbaceous vegetation density, the salty prairie vegetation type, and salt and brackish high tidal marsh vegetation, and fresh and intermediate tidal marsh vegetation. Habitats with minimal tidal influence containing >50% herbaceous vegetative cover, especially gulf cordgrass (Spartina spartinae), had the highest predicted occupancy probabilities. These characteristics are consistent with what has been found in other regions of the country. Occupancy estimates were also higher in areas with higher average annual precipitation, which increases from west to east in Texas. My results indicate that black rails distribution in coastal Texas might be restricted by relatively high precipitation levels and dense herbaceous cover provided by cordgrasses.
Focused Microwave Breast Hyperthermia Monitored by Thermoacoustic Imaging: A Computational Feasibility Study Applying Realistic Breast Phantoms

Focused microwave breast hyperthermia (FMBH) represents a newly emerging technique endowed with advantages of high accuracy and low side effect for treating breast tumors. Practical application of the FMBH approach requires monitoring of microwave power deposition in the breast. Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (MITAI) is naturally feasible for such power deposition monitoring task. This work conducts a computational study to evaluate feasibility of the novel FMBH-MITAI modality using realistic breast phantoms. Basic configuration and rationale of both FMBH and MITAI are introduced. Compressive sensing (CS) technique has to be applied in MITAI for sparse acoustic measurement in the FMBH-MITAI modality. Procedure of the computational study consists of microwave simulation, thermoacoustic numerical simulation, CS imaging, and performing the iterative optimization. Simulated results show that CS based MITAI is able to serve as a reliable monitoring mechanism to efficiently guide the iterative optimization toward the best obtainable focusing condition in most of the simulated scenarios. Finally obtained thermoacoustic images agree well with simulated power deposition distribution well. This work offers valuable performance evaluation and is of significant meaning for potential clinical applications of the FMBH-MITAI modality.
Analysis and Control of Slotless Self-Bearing Motor

A self-bearing motor (SBM) is an electric motor with a magnetically integrated bearing function, that is, it can provide levitation and rotation simultaneously as a single actuator. This paper presents the design, operating principle and control system for the slotless self-bearing motor (SSBM). In this design, the stator has no iron core but includes six-phase coils. The rotor consists of a permanent magnet and an enclosed iron yoke. Magnetic forces generated by the interaction between stator currents and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet are used to control the rotational speed and radial position of the rotor. In this paper, the torque and radial bearing forces are analyzed theoretically with the aim to develop an improved control system. In order to confirm the proposed control method, an experimental system was constructed and tested. Simulation and measurement results show that the SSBM can work stably in modes such as start, reverse, rotation load and external radial pulse forces.
Fintechs’ Future in Kenya: Does Social Influence Matter?

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the role of social influence on continuous intention to use Fintech mobile money lending app services in Kenya. A sample of 342 respondents was selected using convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using a structural equation modeling technique with the AMOS version 24 software. The study found out that social influence has a significant direct role on perceived security, satisfaction and continuous intention to use mobile money lending services. The moderating role of social influence strengthens the positive relationship between perceived security and perceived usefulness on one hand and perceived satisfaction and continuous intention to use mobile money lending services, especially among mobile money lending apps users on the other hand. In addition, Kenyans will continue to use mobile money lending app services if they remain useful, secure, satisfactory and meet their expectations.
The relationship satisfaction of parents to children with congenital heart disease

The purpose of the research is to describe the marital satisfaction of parents with a child with congenital heart disease, and the factors associated with it. The data were collected using an electronic questionnaire from applicable parents (n = 104) via the website of the Finnish Association for Heart Children and Adults and a closed Facebook forum where such parents are members. Marital satisfaction was measured using the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) scale. The data were analysed using statistical methods. The variables were described by frequencies, percentages, and dispersion measures (Md = median, Q1= lower quartile, Q3 = upper quartile). Associations between the background variables and relationship satisfaction were examined using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskall-Wallis test. Most of the surveyed parents were quite satisfied with their relationships. Parental factors associated with marital satisfaction were the gender of the parent, current health situation, support received from the spouse, problems with the spouse, and remarkable changes in economic situation during last year. The age of the child with a congenital heart disease was a factor associated with marital satisfaction. The interaction skills of the parents must continue to be supported and strengthened, because good interpersonal skills increase marital satisfaction and help resolve the conflicts that may arise in a relationship.
Why are we having this innovation? Employee attributions of innovation and implementation behavior

We used attribution theory to explain employee behavior toward innovation implementation. We focused on employee innovation attributions to organizational intentionality as employees' sensemaking of why their organization has adopted an innovation. We identified two types of employee attributions: to constructive intentionality and to deceptive intentionality. We collected data from 397 employees and 84 managers of Chinese and Korean organizations. Results showed that employee attribution to constructive intentionality enhanced innovation effectiveness by increasing active implementation and decreasing implementation avoidance. By contrast, employee attribution to deceptive intentionality diminished innovation effectiveness by increasing implementation avoidance. These findings enrich the innovation implementation literature by introducing the attribution-based perspective of sensemaking.
Measuring Grit in Adolescents With and Without Disabilities

In recent policy initiatives focused on college and career readiness, Grit is often lumped with other noncognitive skills deemed as important. Yet, very little is known about the relationship between Grit and disability among adolescents. In this study, we examine measurement invariance of the Grit scale in a sample of adolescents with and without disabilities (n = 5,039). Findings show the scale functions similarly for students with and without disabilities, and the Perseverance factor of Grit significantly predicted grade point average for both groups. Implications for practice suggest use of the scale in school-wide data collection efforts that might be driven by college and career readiness policy initiatives that emphasize measuring noncognitive skills in all students, and an age-appropriate transition assessment in secondary special education.
Police Officers’ Self-Assessed Legitimacy: A Theoretical Extension and Empirical Test

Abstract Researchers have recently begun to examine the sources and consequences of police officers’ self-assessed legitimacy, or the ways in which officers justify their authority to themselves. Important gains have been made, but this area remains in need of continued theoretical development. This study aims to further the theoretical and empirical analysis of police officers’ self-assessed legitimate authority. Data come from an officer survey distributed in a mid-sized department in the USA. Two conceptualizations and operationalizations of self-legitimacy are offered. Confirmatory factor analysis and ordinary least squares regression modeling are used to test the separability of the two constructs and to compare predictor domains. Results show that the two types of self-perceived authority are analytically distinct, and that workenvironment and organizational variables predict each type differently. The results have implications for future theorizing and testing of police self-legitimacy.
Identification and Investigation of Ethnobotany of Some Medicinal Plants in Razavi Khorasan Province

Introduction: Ethnobutany, as a part of every region’s national capital, contains local beliefs and knowledge about plants and their characteristics being the result of centuries of trial and error in the natural environment. Though, it is unwritten and exposed to degeneration. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to acquire and document the culture of traditional use of Zebarkhan rangeland medicinal plants from Neyshabur in Razavi Khorasan province. Method: In this study, the traditional knowledge of the people about the plants was collected in free interviewing and participatory observations. Questions posed about local names, growth form, harvest methods, organ usages and properties of plants. Interviews then went on until the repeated responses confirmed the reliability and validity. Collected Plants were identified by applying valid botanic sources. Conclusion: In this study, 70 medicinal plant species belonging to 29 families were identified. The largest proportion of plant species were respectively related to Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae. Among traditional uses, the most belonged to diseases treatment related to digestive, colds, neurological problems and sedation. The most commonly used organs were floral branches, leaves and young stems. Investigating and comparing different uses of plants in the study area as well as the other parts of Iran proves the similarity usage of similar plant species in different regions of the country. Result: The existence of 70 medicinal plants in Neyshabur rangelands confirms the richness of this region, so identification and documentation of their indigenous knowledge can pave the way for a better usage of medicinal plants and their products.
Extreme Memory of Initial Conditions in Numerical Landscape Evolution Models

Landscape evolution models (LEMs) are dependent on their initial conditions (ICs). Commonly, LEMs use a horizontal surface with randomized perturbations as their IC and tend toward a steady state under constant forcing. The initial and steady state topographies are inherently linked, but they bear no obvious resemblance to each other. Here we reveal a connection by adding a shallow sinusoidal channel to the IC. This channel transforms into a deep canyon at steady state. Hence, the general behavior of LEMs is to indefinitely preserve topographic features from their ICs. Then we test whether experimental landscapes exhibit a similar behavior. In our experiments, we use the same sinusoidal signal, but find that it is ultimately erased. We believe that the culprit reorganizing processes are lateral channel migration and spatiotemporal variability in incision. Our results imply that LEMs are missing fundamental mechanisms and that long‐term preservation of ICs in erosional environments is unlikely.
IN-FLIGHT BARODONTALGIA AMONG COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY PILOTS OF PAKISTANI ORIGIN

Background: Barodontalgia is defined as oral pain occurring due to changes in ambient pressure. It can be severe enough to cause inflight incapacitation and has a tendency to go undiagnosed in regular sickbays. There is a large variation in incidence of Barodontalgia in the literature and major fraction of epidemiological data on Barodontalgia has been compiled from military flight simulations. The aim of this study was to document the frequency of in-flight Barodontalgia in Pakistani military and civilian aircrew. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on (non- patient) civilian as well as military pilots. Subjects were given standardized and anonymous questionnaires to complete regarding demographic and professional characteristics, occurrence of oral pain during flying, character of pain, treatment seeking and recurrence of the pain. Results: Out of the 100 subjects, 51 responded (response rate of 51%), with mean age 30.31 ± 5.634 Years; 17.6% (09) of these participants (All Civilian) reported at least one event of barodontalgia during their career. A total of 88 %( 8/9) of pilots visited their dentists after they had oral pain. The diagnosis rendered by their dental surgeons was always dental pain. None of the patients reported recurrence of the disease or premature mission termination due to dental pain. None of the military Pilots reported a n y e v e n t o f Barodontalgia. Conclusion: Barodontalgia was reported exclusively by commercial pilots, which was of a minor non-recurrent nature and did not disrupt their health or flight routines.
A comparison of an emergent factor structure of the Insomnia Severity Index set against a global context

Study objectives: To identify the factor structure of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and test it against competing international measurement models. Methods: A cross- sectional study survey with a randomly selected sample of 1,500 individuals living in Jordan. The ISI was administered and a re- sponse rate of 84% ( n = 1,260) obtained. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine competing theoretical measurement models. Results: A new emergent measurement model was identified that may help synchronize differing measurement models reported in international literature. Exploratory factor analysis results indicated a two-factor model as a reasonably sound explanation of the data. However, this model is challenged by results from a confirmatory factor analysis. Conclu-sions: These findings expand the evidence base that the ISI is a reliable instrument to detect severity of insomnia in the population. Our model helps synthesize previous approaches to measurement reported in the international literature