Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Triggers Anger in Everyday Life? Links to the Intensity, Control, and Regulation of These Emotions, and Personality Traits.

Why do people experience anger? Most of our knowledge on anger-triggering events is based on the study of reactions at a single time point in a person's life. Little research has examined how people experience anger in their daily life over time. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the situational determinants of anger over the course of 3 weeks. Using daily diary methodology, people (N = 173; 2,342 anger episodes) reported their most intense daily anger and, with an open-ended format, described the trigger. Participants also answered questions on anger intensity, control, and regulatory strategies, along with baseline personality trait measures. Using an iterative coding system, five anger trigger categories emerged: other people, psychological and physical distress, intrapersonal demands, environment, and diffuse/undifferentiated/unknown. Compared with other triggers, when anger was provoked by other people or when the source was unknown, there was a stronger positive association with anger intensity and lack of control. Personality traits (i.e., anger, mindfulness, psychological need satisfaction, the Big Five) showed few links to the experience and regulation of daily anger. Although aversive events often spur anger, the correlates and consequences of anger differ depending on the source of aversion; personality traits offer minimal value in predicting anger in daily life.
Are Two Investors Better than One?

This paper compares the optimal investor repayment contracts of a firm which has private information over its expost revenues when the finance can be provided by a single or by two investors (say a big shareholder and a group of small dispersed shareholders). Costly monitoring can be carried out by those investors who have a larger stake into the contract. When they are the only investors we use the Khalil-Parigi financial contract with non-contractible monitoring, in which the probabilities of cheating by the firm and monitoring by investors are mutual best responses. The contract is written by the firm knowing that this equilibrium will subsequently occur. With a second group of investors who have no monitoring rights, cheating and monitoring probabilities are chosen in a similar way. The small shareholders learn the results of any monitoring for free. A main result is that without commitment there is a negative correlation between repayments to the two investor groups: the contract uses the small group to smooth out the repayments of the firm optimally. This reduces the incentive for the firm to make false reports and mitigates the investor's incentive to monitor. A second result is that the two investor scenario is Pareto superior to the single investor model. A third result is that the possible extent of this smoothing depends on whether the investors have limited liability; it is found that in some circumstances investors should make repayments to the firm rather than receive them.
Use of Nasopharyngeal Aspirate for Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia

ABSTRACT Quantitative PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) can achieve high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) compared to microscopic examination of bronchoscopic specimens in a population with low HIV prevalence. Since NPA is a minimally invasive procedure, it is ideal as a screening test for PCP.
On the mechanism of reactive oxygen species generation in tumour cells subjected to the phototoxic action of haematoporphyrin derivative: effect of heating; 14–37

The main aims of the study were: (1) to enrich the existing knowledge on the mechanism of H2O2, superoxide (O2 - ), and protein peroxides (PPO) formation in tumour cells subjected to photodynamic therapy (PDT) with haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and (2) to explain the stimulatory effect of heat stress on the generation of O 2 - (a precursor of H2O2 and a very reactive hydroxyl radical) in HPD-PDT-treated cells. Experiments were performed on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells, which were loaded with HPD in phosphate-buffered saline and then irradiated with red light at 630 nm in the same buffer. Studies showed that photoexcited HPD itself, i.e. in the absence of photooxidizable biomolecules, is a poor source of H 2O2 and oxygen radicals, and that in tumour cells subjected to PDT with HPD the generation of H 2O2 and O2 - could be largely explained by (i) photooxidation of certain cellular constituents (NAD(P)H), (ii) an increase in the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD), and (iii) a photodamage to mitochondria. Besides, it was found that in cellular proteins the HPD-photosensitized oxidation of aromatic amino acids is responsible for the generation of H2O2 and PPO. Our data suggest that upon HPD-PDT the mild hyperthermia (ca 44 °C) produced by photoirradiation may enhance its tumouricidal effect via the stimulation of O 2 - formation; it was found that a rise in the temperature from 30 to 44 °C strongly (by ca 2.5-fold) enhanced the generation of O2 - in EAC cells, which correlated well with an increase in the rate of their HPD-photosensitized killing. Studies showed that the intensification of O 2 - formation is mediated by the stimulatory effects of heating on the activity of XOD as well as the production of this radical by the respiratory chain of mitochondria. Nevertheless, the obtained results indicate that severe hyperthermia (at temperatures > 45 °C) could induce, contrary to mild hyperthermia, a reduction in the efficiency of HPD-PDT due to suppression of the activity of XOD in tumour cells.
[Surveillance of surgical wound infections. 18-month experience in the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología].

OBJECTIVE To calculate the surgical site infection (SSI) rates with a surgical prospective surveillance program and postdischarge follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS During a 18 months period (01/01/93 to 04/30/94), a surgical wound surveillance program followed on the surgeries practiced at the National Institute of Cancerology, a referral center situated in Mexico City. Rates per 100 surgeries were calculated for the surgical services and for each of the wound class strata. The SS's were classified according to the 1992 Center for Disease Control definitions for surgical infections. RESULTS Three thousand, three hundred and severity-two surgeries were assessed; 313 were diagnosed as infected: 140 (44.7%) were superficial incisional, 137 (43.7%) were deep incisional and 36 (11.5%) were organ and space infections. The SSI rate for this period was 9.28%; for the clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty surgeries the rates were 7.35, 10.5, 17.3 and 21.5% respectively. The rates for each service were: gastroenterology, 14.13%; breast tumors, 11.08%; mixed tumors, 10.98%; gynecology, 9.06%; urology, 7.38%; head and neck, 7.13%, and thoracic surgery, 1.81%. On average SSI were detected at 11.6 +/- 6.23 days, eighty-five (27.16%) were diagnosed while the patient was in-hospital, the remaining 228 (72.84%) were detected after discharge. In 134 (42.8%) patients a culture was obtained. The bacteria most frequently found were: E. coli, 38 (22.5%); coagulase negative Staphylococci, 23 (13.6%); Pseudomonas sp. , 22 (13%); S. aureus, 16 (9.4%); and Enterococcus, 13 (7.7%). CONCLUSIONS The prospective surveillance program with a follow-up for 30 days increased by 400% the chance to identify a SSI. The SSI rate for clean and clean-contaminated surgeries are above the rates reported in the literature.
The Rate of Protein Digestion affects Protein Gain Differently during Aging in Humans

In young men ingesting protein meals, slowly digested proteins (caseins: CAS) induce a higher protein gain than those that are rapidly digested (whey proteins: WP). Our aim was to assess whether or not this is true in elderly men receiving mixed meals. The effects of meals containing either CAS or two different amounts of WP (WP‐iN: isonitrogenous with CAS, or WP‐iL: providing the same amount of leucine as CAS) on protein metabolism (assessed by combining oral and intravenous leucine tracers) were compared in nine healthy, elderly (mean ±s.e.m. age 72 ± 1 years) and six young men (24 ± 1 years). In both age groups, WP‐iL and WP‐iN were digested faster than CAS (P < 0.001, ANOVA). Proteolysis was inhibited similarly whatever the meal and age groups (P= NS). Protein synthesis was higher with WP‐iN than with CAS or WP‐iL (P < 0.01), irrespective of age (P= NS). An age‐related effect (P < 0.05) was found with postprandial leucine balance. Leucine balance was higher with CAS than with WP‐iL (P < 0.01) in young men, but not in elderly subjects (P= NS). In isonitrogenous conditions, leucine balance was higher with WP‐iN than with CAS (P < 0.001) in both age groups, but the magnitude of the differences was higher in the elderly men (P= 0.05). In conclusion, during aging, protein gain was greater with WP (rapidly digested protein), and lower with CAS (slowly digested protein). This suggests that a ‘fast’ protein might be more beneficial than a ‘slow’ one to limit protein losses during aging.
V444 Cyg X-ray and polarimetric variability: Radiative and Coriolis forces shape the wind collision region

We present results from a study of the eclipsing, colliding-wind binary V444 Cyg that uses a combination of X-ray and optical spectropolarimetric methods to describe the 3-D nature of the shock and wind structure within the system. We have created the most complete X-ray light curve of V444 Cyg to date using 40 ksec of new data from Swift, and 200 ksec of new and archived XMM-Newton observations. In addition, we have characterized the intrinsic, polarimetric phase-dependent behavior of the strongest optical emission lines using data obtained with the University of Wisconsin's Half-Wave Spectropolarimeter. We have detected evidence of the Coriolis distortion of the wind-wind collision in the X-ray regime, which manifests itself through asymmetric behavior around the eclipses in the system's X-ray light curves. The large opening angle of the X-ray emitting region, as well as its location (i.e. the WN wind does not collide with the O star, but rather its wind) are evidence of radiative braking/inhibition occurring within the system. Additionally, the polarimetric results show evidence of the cavity the wind-wind collision region carves out of the Wolf-Rayet star's wind.
Long‐term temperature trends in the ionosphere above Millstone Hill

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are expected on theoretical grounds to lead to a cooling of the upper atmosphere. Due to the close thermal coupling of the neutral and ionized components of the upper atmosphere the effects of this cooling are also expected to be seen in the ionospheric ion temperature. Long‐term satellite observations of neutral density show a trend consistent with the expected cooling. Temperature data from the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar (46.2°N, 288.5°E) from 1978 to 2007 have been analyzed to provide a direct estimate of the temperature trend above the radar. The long‐term trend in the directly measured ion temperature Ti at 375 km is found to be −4.7 K/year with a 95% confidence interval of −3.6 to −5.8 K. The estimated trend in the neutral temperature Tn is −5.0 K/year. These are significantly larger than predicted by theory.
The development and evaluation of a partial talent management structural model

This study was motivated by a need to empower the Human Resource function to rationally and purposefully monitor and manage the determinants of turnover intention, and through that, the intention to quit of talented employees. A partial talent management structural model was developed, mapping line-manager talent management competencies on the outcomes of job satisfaction, affective commitment and intention to quit. The partial talent management structural model was tested using LISREL. Reasonable to good model fit was indicated for the structural model. Ten of the 24 stated hypotheses were confirmed. The study provides unique insight into the manner in which the talent management competencies are causally related among themselves, and provides support for studies which link affective commitment and intention to quit, as well as job satisfaction and intention to quit. Suggestions for the expansion and elaboration of the existing model are made.
Applying differential association theory to online hate groups: a theoretical statement

Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Google+) and information and communication technologies (ICT) more generally has altered human interaction. This technology provides tools for instantaneous communication and facilitates social organization. The participants in the uprisings of the Arab Spring used cell phones, text messages, Twitter and Facebook to circumvent and, in Tunisia and Egypt, topple totalitarian régimes (Stepanova, 2011). With each passing crisis, the importance of social media for disseminating information becomes increasingly clear. For example, after the 2007 mass murder at Virginia Tech, many survivors used social media to inform loved ones that they were alright, get information about their friends’ wellbeing, or get information about the tragedy (see Mastrodicasa, 2008; Eberhardt, 2007; Hawdon & Ryan, 2012). Similarly, in 2011, police in Queensland Australia used Facebook to dissemination emergency information and locate those needing assistance during a series of flash flooding events (Taylor et al., 2012). Indeed, social media facilitates daily communication, organizational meetings, political campaigns, product marketing, and even attempts to apprehend criminals (see Garrett, 2006). Yet, as a space for open communication, the Internet also enables the formation of hate groups that glorify mass murderers, espouse racist and xenophobic ideology, or advocate violence for a wide range of reasons. Social media sites have been attractive forums for school shooters (Kiilakoski & Oksanen, 2011) and others aiming to commit acts of terror such as the 2011 tragedy in Utøya Norway (Murer, 2011). Although the use of social media by hate groups emerged contemporaneously with the Web, few have researched what influence these groups have. Does it matter if children hear or read hate messages online? Will increasingly active onlinehate groups lead to more acts of mass violence and terror, or is concern over the widespread web presence of hate groups simply a moral panic? If we consider the potential influence of these groups in light of criminological theories, it becomes clear that they pose a danger. Although mass shootings are likely to remain rare, social media sites may very well con-
Organizational Form and Business Strategy In the U.S. Petroleum Industry

Empirical studies of the multidivisional form of the modern corporation have, for the most part, provided ambiguous implications for its theoretical basis. The main debate in this book focuses on the work of two specialists: 1. Williamson, who asserts that size determines organizational form, and 2. Chandler, who argues that firms change from the functional organizational form to the multidivisional form as a way to better manage growth into diversified markets. Ollinger proposes that single product firms are efficiently organized in a functional framework, but after diversification the efficiency decreases and the firms subsequently change to the multidivisional form in order to lower the costs of operating the heterogeneous product and geographic markets. Ollinger supports his hypothesis with historical evidence and empirical tests that evaluate short run operating profitability, long run profitability, managerial efficiency, and change of sales in diversified markets.
Airport surface surveillance based on video images

In this correspondence the design of an airport surface surveillance system based on TV cameras and low-cost processing hardware is described. The work presented here focuses on the single-sensor multiple-target tracking part of the system, giving a description of a prototype of this key system component and some quantitative and qualitative assessments of tracking reliability and accuracy.
On the Relations Between Management Accounting Systems and Intellectual Capital. Evidence for Portuguese Companies

The present study is focused on the contribution of management accounting systems (MAS) in the development of intellectual capital (IC). Based on empirical evidence that supports the proposition that the value creation process is strongly associated to the level of IC, the study also examines the mediating effect of MAS on performance through their positive direct effect on IC. These relationships were consolidated into a model and empirically tested with data from 281 Portuguese firms using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings show that six out of nine hypothesized relationships were supported by data with positive and significant causal links between MAS and the human and structural dimensions of IC. Results also confirmed the conceptual validity of the inner circular model for the interactions among the three IC dimensions. Finally, results showed a positive and significant direct effect of structural capital on performance. Overall, the results confirmed the validity of the proposed conceptual model and contributed to the literature on the role of MAS in supporting the development of the IC.
The Value Relevance of Mandatory Corporate Disclosures: Evidence from Kuwait

This study is the first to explore the association between the level of compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) mandatory disclosures and the value relevance of accounting information to market participants. This association is examined in the context of listed companies in the emerging economy of Kuwait â€“ a jurisdiction with a history of applying international accounting standards but with lax enforcement. The research design of the study consists of two parts. First, the level of compliance with mandatory IFRS disclosures of Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE) listed firms in 2010 is examined using a disclosure index. Second, the value relevance of financial statement information, specifically, earnings and book values, is examined empirically using Ohlsonâ€™s (1995) valuation model that captures the level of compliance with IFRS among KSE listed firms. The results show a significant association between the level of compliance with IFRS and the value relevance of earnings and book values to KSE investors, highlighting the importance of establishing and maintaining adequate monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with accounting standards. The outcomes of this study serve to inform regulators and companies on whether moving toward stricter compliance with IFRS will necessarily improve the value relevance of financial statement information
Determinants of users' satisfaction with primary health care settings and services in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE To identify the components of primary health care that cause most concern to service users and to identify socio-demographic and other factors associated with satisfaction among the users of primary health care centres. DESIGN Interviews conducted by well-trained interviewers with a random sample of heads of households. The questionnaires were composed of questions that measure the extent of satisfaction with settings and services in the primary health care centres using a 5-point rating scale from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. SETTING The community of Qateef, eastern Saudi Arabia. STUDY PARTICIPANTS A sample of 802 households representing 838 families was chosen randomly from the housing lists of the primary health care centres in Qateef. There were 40 vacant houses and nine refusals. Thus the number of heads of households actually interviewed was 789. RESULTS Waiting area structure, confidentiality measures and environmental structure were the areas that caused most concern to service users. The factors that showed the greatest association with satisfaction were the type of the primary health care centre building (purpose-built or rented), literacy status of the household head (literate or illiterate), the extent of the primary health care centre utilization (regular or infrequent). Surprisingly, age showed no association when other characteristics of the respondents were adjusted for, and sex was less important than in other studies. CONCLUSION How regular the respondent was in using his or her primary health care centre was more predictive in deciding the extent of satisfaction with the various components in the study than the other variables. Socio-demographic factors played minor roles in deciding the extent of satisfaction, although each had a deciding role with one or more, but not all, components.
Job embeddedness and organisational commitment as predictors of voluntary turnover at a South African higher education institution

Academic staff recruitment and retention remain a challenge in South Africa and across the globe, with specific reference to the retention of young academic staff. The majority of academic staff in South African universities is ageing, with fewer younger people joining academia. The objectives of this study were to empirically determine whether job embeddedness and organisational commitment significantly predict voluntary turnover 9intention to stay) and whether people from different gender, race and age groups differ significantly in terms of their job embeddedness, organisational commitment and voluntary turnover (intention to stay). The Job Embeddedness Scale (JES), Organisational Commitment Scale (OCS) and Voluntary Turnover Scale (VTS) were used as measuring instruments. A cross-sectional quantitative survey design was used to collect data from a sample of (N = 102) permanently employed academic staff. Multiple regression analysis showed that organisation fit, community links and normative commitment significantly and positively predicted the participants’ intention to stay at the institution. Significant differences were observed between the job embeddedness and intention to stay of the gender and race groups. The findings of the current study add to the knowledge base on the turnover intentions of academic staff. In conclusion, the study makes recommendations for retention practices and possible future research.