Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New feature selection methods based on context similarity for text categorization

High dimensionality of the feature space is one of the most important concerns in text categorization problems, and feature selection is widely used for reducing the dimensionality of features to speed up the computation without damaging the performance. However, a lot traditional feature selection methods treat each feature separately, and they are context independent. In order to address the problem, this paper first presents the study of four well known frequency based feature selection methods, including Gini Index (GI), Document Frequency (DF), Class Discriminating Measure (CDM) and Accuracy Balanced (Acc2). Then we focus on calculating the importance of features through measuring the similarity of their contexts among the documents but the document frequency containing these features to incorporate context information. Hence we propose four new context similarity based feature selection methods, GIcs, DFcs, CDMcs and Acc2cs. They are evaluated on different data sets and compared against the four corresponding frequency based methods. Through experimental analysis, the results reveal that the context similarity based methods outperform the corresponding frequency based methods in terms of the micro and macro F1 measures both on binary and multi-classification problems. Benefit from the multi-words information surrounding features, the context similarity based feature selection methods are effective for article categorization.
Loss of Retinoblastoma Protein, But Not p53, Is Associated With the Presence of Papillomaviral DNA in Feline Viral Plaques, Bowenoid In Situ Carcinomas, and Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Although papillomaviral (PV) DNA is frequently present in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a causative association cannot be proven. Oncogenic human PVs cause neoplastic transformation by inhibiting retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53 activity. Therefore, absence of pRb and p53 immunostaining, along with increased p16 immunostaining, indicates a PV cause in some human SCCs. If PVs cause cutaneous feline SCCs, it was hypothesized that a similar immunohistochemistry profile, along with PV DNA, would be detectable. This was investigated using 5 feline viral plaques, 10 Bowenoid in situ carcinomas, 19 SCCs from ultraviolet-exposed (UV-exposed) skin, and 11 SCCs from UV-protected skin. Papillomaviral DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from 30 of 45 lesions. Reduced pRb immunostaining was present in 26 of 45; increased p16 immunostaining was in 30; and p53 immunostaining was in 19. Both reduced pRb immunostaining and increased p16 immunostaining were more frequent in lesions containing PV DNA. In contrast, no association was observed between p53 immunostaining and the presence of PV DNA. SCCs from UV-protected skin more frequently contained PV DNA, reduced pRb, and increased p16 than UV-exposed SCCs. UV exposure was not associated with p53 immunostaining within the SCCs. These results suggest that feline PVs alter cell regulation by degrading pRb. Unlike oncogenic human PVs, there was no evidence that feline PVs degrade p53. These results provide further evidence that PVs may cause feline cutaneous SCCs, especially those in UV-protected skin, and they suggest a possible mechanism of this oncogenic action.
Pre‐ and postnatal growth and protein turnover in four muscles of the rat

Developmental growth and associated changes in protein turnover and nucleic acid concentrations have been studied in four individual skeletal muscles. They have also been related to changes in the whole animal. The growth rates of both fast and slow muscle types progressively diminished from the fetus to old age. Similarly, the fractional rates of protein synthesis (measured in vivo) and breakdown in each muscle type declined with age; the changes in the former correlating with decreases in the ribosomal capacities of the muscles. Throughout, fast muscles possessed lower turnover rates. The mean half‐lives of mixed proteins were 12.0, 14.4, 13.5, and 7.2 days in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius, diaphragm, and soleus muscles, respectively, 310 days postpartum. Muscle atrophy was found at 735 days, at which stage the decreased protein synthetic rate in the soleus was due to a fall in the ribosomal capacity, while that in the EDL was attributable to a decreased synthetic rate per ribosome.
Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Famciclovir in Infants and Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis in Infants and Children

ABSTRACT A multicenter, open-label study evaluated the single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of a pediatric oral famciclovir (prodrug of penciclovir) formulation in infants aged 1 to 12 months with suspicion or evidence of herpes simplex virus infection. Individualized single doses of famciclovir based on the infant's body weight ranged from 25 to 175 mg. Eighteen infants were enrolled (1 to <3 months old [n = 8], 3 to <6 months old [n = 5], and 6 to 12 months old [n = 5]). Seventeen infants were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis; one infant experienced immediate emesis and was excluded. Mean Cmax and AUC0-6 values of penciclovir in infants <6 months of age were ∼3- to 4-fold lower than those in the 6- to 12-month age group. Specifically, mean AUC0-6 was 2.2 μg·h/ml in infants aged 1 to <3 months, 3.2 μg·h/ml in infants aged 3 to <6 months, and 8.8 μg·h/ml in infants aged 6 to 12 months. These data suggested that the dose administered to infants <6 months was less than optimal. Eight (44.4%) infants experienced at least one adverse event with gastrointestinal events reported most commonly. An updated pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted, which incorporated the data in infants from the present study and previously published data on children 1 to 12 years of age. An eight-step dosing regimen was derived that targeted exposure in infants and children 6 months to 12 years of age to match the penciclovir AUC seen in adults after a 500-mg dose of famciclovir.
High gain InAs electron-avalanche photodiodes for optical communication

We report the avalanche properties of InAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs), extracted from avalanche gain and excess noise measurements performed under pure electron and pure hole injections, and from Monte Carlo simulations. For a given avalanche width electron initiated gain was found to be significantly higher than conventional InP and Si APDs. Hole initiated multiplication was negligible confirming the electron only multiplication process within the field range covered. Excess noise measurements showed the excess noise factors of less than 2, providing further evidence of the ideal avalanche properties in InAs. Monte Carlo simulations performed provided good agreement to experimental results.
Effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and feeding on gastric volumes in diabetes mellitus with cardio‐vagal dysfunction

Abstract Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) increases gastric volume in humans possibly through the vagus nerve. Gastric volume response to feeding is preserved after vagal denervation in animals. We evaluated gastric volume responses to GLP‐1 and placebo in seven diabetic patients with vagal neuropathy in a crossover study. We also compared gastric volume response to feeding in diabetes with that in healthy controls. We measured gastric volume using SPECT imaging. Data are median (interquartile range). In diabetic patients, GLP‐1 did not increase gastric volume during fasting [5 mL (−3; 30)] relative to placebo [4 mL (−14; 50) P = 0.5], or postprandially [Δ postprandial minus fasting volume 469 mL (383; 563) with GLP‐1 and 452 mL (400; 493) with placebo P = 0.3]. Change in gastric volume over fasting in diabetic patients on placebo was comparable to that of healthy controls [452 mL (400; 493)], P = 0.5. In contrast to effects in health, GLP‐1 did not increase gastric volume in diabetics with vagal neuropathy, suggesting GLP‐1's effects on stomach volume are vagally mediated. Normal gastric volume response to feeding in diabetics with vagal neuropathy suggests that other mechanisms compensate for vagal denervation.
Impact of Ketamine Use on Adjunctive Analgesic and Sedative Medications in Critically Ill Trauma Patients

Ketamine may be used to manage pain and agitation that is refractory to what are usually considered traditional agents such as fentanyl, propofol, benzodiazepines, and dexmedetomidine; however, literature describing the use of ketamine continuous infusions for this purpose in critically ill trauma patients is limited.
Magnetic resonance cisternography used to determine precise topography of the facial nerve and three components of the eighth cranial nerve in the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine cistern.

OBJECT The detailed anatomy of intracranial structures has been studied mainly in cadavers, but the absence of cerebrospinal fluid and blood pressure in these models distorts normal spatial relationships. The authors investigated the rotation of the facial nerve (FN), superior vestibular nerve (SVN), inferior vestibular nerve (IVN), and cochlear nerve (CN) in the internal auditory canal (IAC) and cerebellopontine cistern in human volunteers and compared their results with those reported in cadaver studies. METHODS The IACs and cerebellopontine cisterns of 30 normal adults (34 sides) were examined using magnetic resonance (MR) cisternography with a heavily T2-weighted two-dimensional fast spin-echo technique. The positions of the four components were unaffected by the presence of the meatal loop of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the IAC. The spatial relationship between the FN and SVN was quite constant, but the spatial relationship between the CN and SVN was quite variable: the former changed position, mainly in the IAC, on nine (26.5%) of 34 sides, and in the cerebellopontine cistern on the other sides (73.5%), conflicting with findings in cadaver studies. CONCLUSIONS It is more accurate to describe the CN and IVN as coursing beneath the SVN in either the IAC or cerebellopontine cistern, rather than stating that the three components rotate, as reported in cadaver studies. The MR cisternography studies provided quite detailed information about the topography of the four components and the relationship between the blood vessels and cranial nerves in the IAC and the cerebellopontine cistern.
Nuclear‐Cytoskeletal interactions: Evidence for physical connections between the nucleus and cell periphery and their alteration by transformation

The overall coordination of cell structure and function that results in gene expression requires a spatial and temporal precision that would be unobtainable in the absence of structural order within the cell. Cells contain extensive and elaborate three‐dimensional skeletal networks that form integral structural components of the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. These skeletal networks form a dynamic tissue matrix and are composed of the nuclear matrix, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix. The tissue matrix is an interactive network which undergoes dynamic changes as cells move and change shape.
Meeting physical activity guidelines in rural breast cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVES To examine the contribution of social cognitive constructs to meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations in rural breast cancer survivors (BCS). METHODS Rural BCS (N = 483) completed a mail-based survey. PA, fatigue, barriers and exercise self-efficacy, environment, social support, and perceived barriers to PA were assessed. PA was dichotomized into either meeting guidelines (150+minutes/week) or not. RESULTS Our model fit the data well with less fatigue, greater efficacy, and lower barriers being associated with PA (χ²=804.532(418), p < . 001, CFI=. 948, RMSEA=. 044, SRMR=. 046). CONCLUSIONS Fatigue, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers are key targets for future interventions designed to increase PA in rural BCS. Enhancing self-efficacy and overcoming barriers will require strategies unique and relevant to BCS living in rural settings.
Potential chemical and microbiological risks on human health from urban wastewater reuse in agriculture. Case study of wastewater effluents in Spain

Potential health risks derived from wastewater reuse in agriculture have been evaluated with Risk Assessment modelling techniques, in a case study involving the effluents of two Spanish wastewater treatment plants. One of the plants applies primary and secondary treatment, and the other one applies an additional tertiary treatment. Health risks were assessed on the basis of ingesting contaminated food, due to exposure to: (i) 22 chemical pollutants, namely pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and priority pollutants included in the European Framework Directive, and (ii) microorganisms, namely enterovirus. Chemical Risk Assessment has been carried out following the European Commission's technical guidelines, while risks from exposure to viruses have been evaluated by means of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment, assuming a virus to coliform ratio of 1:105. The results of the chemical assessment show that there is a margin of safety above 100 for all substances, with the exception of gemfibrozil, for which the mean margin of safety (MOS) is above 100, but the lower bound of MOS with a 95 % confidence interval lies in the 3-4 range. A MOS under 100 was also found for 2,3,7,8-TCDD in one of the effluents. The assessment of risks from viruses shows a very low probability of infection. The overall results show that risks are lower for the plant applying tertiary treatment, especially concerning microbiological parameters.
Stochastic Volatility

We give an overview of a broad class of models designed to capture stochastic volatility in flnancial markets, with illustrations of the scope of application of these models to practical flnance problems. In a broad sense, this model class includes GARCH, but we focus on a narrower set of speciflcations in which volatility follows its own random process and is therefore a latent factor. These stochastic volatility speciflcations flt naturally in the continuous-time flnance paradigm, and there- fore serve as a prominent tool for a wide range of pricing and hedging applications. Moreover, the continuous-time paradigm of flnancial economics is naturally linked with the theory of volatility mod- eling and forecasting, and in particular with the practice of constructing ex-post volatility measures from high-frequency intraday data (realized volatility). One drawback is that in this setting volatility is not measurable with respect to observable information, and this feature complicates estimation and inference. Further, the presence of an additional state variable|volatility|renders the model less tractable from an analytic perspective. New estimation methods, combined with model restrictions that allow for closed-form solutions, make it possible to address these challenges while keeping the model consistent with the main properties of the data.
A retrospective study and gene analysis of canine sterile panniculitis.

In this study, a retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the current aspects and predisposing factors of canine sterile panniculitis. Miniature dachshund, neutered, and younger dogs appeared to be predisposed. In addition, histories of previous surgery and injection were associated in 46.5% of the cases, with several types of surgical suture materials used. About 88% of the dogs had multifocal lesions, frequently with signs of systemic illnesses. Whereas systemic immunosuppressive therapy was effective in most dogs, surgical excision of lesions was rarely curative. In order to prevent recurrences, over 65% of the cases required prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. Polymorphism of canine alpha(1)AT gene was investigated as a candidate gene for sterile panniculitis. Eight polymorphisms were discovered in seven Miniature dachshunds by direct nucleotide sequencing, which included a 12-bp deletion, three non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, and four silent substitutions. Genotyping of the two polymorphisms, c. 109_120del12 and c.483A>C, which identified at high incidence in the dachshunds, was conducted in 83 dogs of 6 popular breeds. The frequencies of neither polymorphism differed between Miniature dachshunds and other breeds, suggesting that neither is responsible for developing panniculitis.
Knowledge and interest of Turkish women about cervical cancer and HPV vaccine.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the knowledge and interest level of Turkish women about HPV, HPV vaccines and cervical cancer using a questionaire. METHOD A 25-item questionnaire was distributed to women in three different cities located in separate sociocultural locations. RESULTS At the closure of the study 143 women responded and returned the survey. Of the participants 62.2% (89) had a university degree, 36.4% (52) a high school education, and 1.4% (2) had lower school degrees; 98.5% of the women would consent to have their daughter vaccinated for HPV and 94.7% would consent to have their son vaccinated if vaccine provided prevention against cancer and related diseases. However in both cases women gave importance to the "cost" - unless vaccine could be free. On logistic regression analyses none of the variables (i.e., questions) in the survey predicted women's willingness to accept the vaccine for themselves or their children. CONCLUSIONS Women in Turkey would be willing to have themselves and their children receive HPV vaccine against cervical cancer and related diseases.
Length of Stay Predictions: Improvements Through the Use of Automated Laboratory and Comorbidity Variables

Background:Length of stay (LOS) is a common measure of hospital resource utilization. Most methods for risk-adjusting LOS are limited by the use of only administrative data. Recent studies suggest that adding automated clinical data to these models improves performance. Objectives:To evaluate the utility of adding “point of admission” automated laboratory and comorbidity measures—the Laboratory Acute Physiology Score (LAPS) and Comorbidity Point Score (COPS)—to risk adjustment models that are based on administrative data. Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis of 155,474 hospitalizations between 2002 and 2005 at 17 Northern California Kaiser Permanente hospitals. We evaluated the benefit of adding LAPS and COPS in linear regression models using full, trimmed, truncated, and log-transformed LOS, as well as in logistic and generalized linear models. Results:Mean age was 61 ± 19 years; females represented 55.2% of subjects. The mean LOS was 4.5 ± 7.7 days; median LOS was 2.8 days (interquartile range, 1.3–5.1 days). Adding LAPS and COPS to the linear regression model improved R2 by 29% from 0.113 to 0.146. Similar improvements with the inclusion of LAPS and COPS were observed in other regression models. Together, these variables were responsible for >50% of the predictive ability of logistic regression models that identified outliers with longer LOS. Conclusions:The inclusion of automated laboratory and comorbidity data improved LOS predictions in all models, underscoring the need for more widespread adoption of comprehensive electronic medical records.
The Experiences of First-Generation Women from South-Central Appalachia Who Have Obtained their Doctorate Degree in Educational Leadership

This study was designed to investigate the experiences of first-generation women from South-Central Appalachia who completed a doctorate degree in educational leadership (EdD). Research indicates that nearly one third of doctoral recipients reported being first-generation, and the majority of these students concentrated in certain academic areas such as education. Furthermore, the literature suggests that there is a strong correlation between educational achievement levels and family background as well as cultural and geographic factors. While the amount of literature on minority groups has increased over the past 20 years, literature on the people and culture of Appalachia is limited. When first-generation status is paired with the challenges faced by females from Appalachia, such students could face particular issues that may impede their success. A qualitative, grounded theory approach was used for data collection and analysis. Ten face-to-face intensive interviews with women who met the criteria for this study were conducted. The purpose of these interviews was to enter into these women’s perspective, find out what was in and on their minds, and hear their stories. From the raw data 15 themes emerged which were 1) Support, 2) Parental Support), 3) Precollege Support, 4) Support from Precollege Orientation Experiences, 5) Support from Mentors, 6) Support from Cohorts, 7) Socioeconomic Status, 8) Intrinsic Motivation, 9) Transformation, 10) Self-Efficacy, 11) Persistence, 12) On Being Appalachian, 13) Kinship, 14) Dialect, and 15) Bicultural Identity. This research was significant because it was the first that looked specifically at the lived experiences of first-generation women from South-Central Appalachia who competed a doctorate of education EdD focusing on educational leadership and will contribute to the small body of research regarding first-generation, doctoral students.
Adrenal steroid dysregulation in dystrophia myotonica.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate circulating adrenal steroid hormones, cortisol diurnal rhythm and the negative feedback function of the cortisol axis in patients with dystrophia myotonica (DyM), a disease where metabolic disturbances, peripheral insulin insensitivity and cognitive dysfunction are common features. DESIGN Morning serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, 17 alpha-hydroxy progesterone and cortisol; morning serum levels of testosterone and insulin; diurnal rhythm of saliva cortisol; and an overnight dexamethasone suppression test, together with a cognitive screening test in men with DyM and in controls. SETTING Outpatient clinic in co-operation with Umeå University Hospital. SUBJECTS Fifteen men with DyM and 13 age-matched controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adrenal steroid hormone levels, diurnal rhythm of saliva cortisol, dexamethasone suppression test and Mini Mental State Examination scores. RESULTS Morning serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione and 17 alpha-hydroxy progesterone were significantly decreased in DyM after inclusion of age and body mass index in multiple regression analyses (48, 26 and 32% decreases, respectively). An abnormal diurnal rhythm of saliva cortisol was present in all patients, mean saliva cortisol levels being significantly increased (33%) in DyM patients. Dexamethasone suppressibility did not differ between groups. DyM patients scored significantly lower on the Mini Mental State Examination (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate an abnormal adrenal steroid hormone secretion in DyM, which may contribute to peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as cognitive impairment in these patients.