Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Encyclopedia of Early Cinema

791 pages. Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. Richard Abel. 2005. 0415234409, 9780415234405. Taylor & Francis, 2005. In this major A-Z work, 'early cinema' refers to the first 20 or 25 years of the cinema's emergence at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, from the early 1890s to the middle 1910s. Coverage of the pre-cinema period is also given in order to describe not only the apparatus, and its inventors, on the basis of which cinema would develop, but also those mass-cultural forms and practices within which cinema was to emerge. The Encyclopedia presents information on the basic trajectory of early cinema history, with coverage of film production, filmmakers, film genres, and individual films, but in addition a major task of the work is to present information from the revisionist history of early cinema, with its focus on the changing nature of film exhibition and the changing patterns of reception. The Encyclopedia reveals that early cinema was inextricably bound up with other forms and practices of mass culture, that it emerged as a combination of existing and innovative elements, and that it was an unusually hybrid medium that only gradually coalesced into something more or less distinct. Consultant editors: Stephen Bottomore, UK; Donald Crafton, University o file download kat.pdf
The Informational Role of Supermajorities

We study a collective decision making environment where an agenda setter makes strategic proposals to privately informed voters who vote strategically. We show that, consistent with empirical evidence, it can be optimal for the agenda setter to propose supermajorities. Due to an informational role that we unveil, optimal supermajorities can be less costly than minimum winning coalitions, even though more voters are awarded a positive share. We also examine consequences in terms of quality of decision making. We show that the introduction of a strategic agenda setter can lead to socially suboptimal decisions.
Response of soil respiration under different mycorrhizal strategies to precipitation and temperature

The symbiotic associations between plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi are almost ubiquitous. These interactions can produce a large amount of soil respiration (R s ) and respond strongly to such climatic changes as temperature and precipitation. The objective of the present study was to explore how interannual variations in environmental factors (i.e., temperature and precipitation) and biotic factors (leaf area index, LAI) influence soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity (appar - ent Q 10 ) in global forest ecosystems that are classified by the mycorrhizae of the dominant plants. Based on a global forest database, the mycorrhizal strategy of tree species over 200 site-years was determined. The R s on the global scale was largely controlled by temperature. When the mycorrhizal strategy was considered, the re- sponses of the R s to the mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and LAI were highly variable among different mycorrhizal strategies. For example, the R s was explained mainly by the LAI for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and AM+ ectomycorrhizal (ECM) types and by the MAT for ECM and ECM+EEM (ectendomycorrhizal) +NM (non-mycorrhizal) types. The apparent Q 10 of the R s was not significantly different. This study was the first to evaluate the influence of differ - ent mycorrhizal strategies on forest R s on the global scale. The mycorrhizal strategy plays an important role in the interpretation of the current soil respiration data.
Ultrasonographic localization and mineral profile of urinary calculi inyoung and adult bovine

The study was conducted on 13 male bovine animals suffering from obstructive urolithiasis to evaluate the diagnostic approach, surgical outcome and mineral composition of uroliths. The animals were divided in two groups, Group I (n=8) of young animals and Group II (n=5) of adult animals. B-mode ultrasonography was done for locating the uroliths in penile urethra. All the animals were subjected to urethrotomy followed by ultrasonography at the suspected site of urolith lodgement. Ammonium chloride as urinary acidifier was given @ 50 mg/kg body weight orally for 60 days was found beneficial for preventing recurrence of uroliths. It was observed that urethra heals normally in three weeks if left unsutured and the majority of uroliths were present at tip of penis in Group I and in sigmoid flexure in Group II animals. Staphylococcus species were the most prevalent bacteria causing bovine urinary tract infections associated with urolithiasis in both groups. It was concluded that ultrasonography was efficient to localize uroliths in urethra in both groups of animals. On Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy estimation, calcium carbonate, carbonate apatite in Group I whereas calcium carbonate in majority of Group II animals, were the most common types of minerals causing formation of uroliths.
Disclosing a hepatitis C diagnosis: Stigmatised if you do, isolated if you don’t

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading notifiable disease in Australia.It is described as a stigmatised disease, as the majority of new infections are associated with intravenous drug use.The current qualitative study explored the lived experiences of those diagnosed with HCV.Fifteen participants (10 women & 5 men) who were HCV positive and not current drug users were interviewed about the impact of their diagnosis and how they have adjusted to it.The data were analysed using open and closed coding methods.Diagnosis was found to be a traumatic experience with considerable emotional impact that could be exacerbated by stigma, discrimination and a lack of information.Support is provided for a selfmanagement construct encompassing medical, emotional and life role facets.It was concluded that positive reactions to disclosure contribute to adjustment, whereas perceptions of stigma and negative reactions to disclosure may create barriers to self-management and personal growth.
Understanding the reasons for Malaysian youth participation in volunteering activities

This paper explores the reasons for Malaysian youth participating in volunteering activities and examines the variables that predict their participation. The subjects used in the study were from the Department of Youth and Sports, Malaysia. A total of 251 respondents, between the ages 15 to 25 (M age = 20.2, SD = 2.7), participated in this study. Using the Social Exchange theory as a framework for this study, three main factors contributing to youth participation in volunteering activities were the perceived benefits from volunteering ("benefits") , the personal needs or fulfilment of the respondents to volunteer ("needs"), and their personal reasons for volunteering ("reasons"). Our findings showed that the "benefits" included learning to shoulder responsibility, broadening interest, fostering relationships, building teamwork spirit, and encouraging socialisation within the community setting. The "need" to volunteer was associated with the desire to unleash leadership potential and improve communication skills. Finally, the "reasons" for volunteering included using leisure time meaningfully, getting new experience, improving confidence and self-esteem, attaining emotional stability, and getting a better understanding of the realities of life. The findings indicated positive relationships between the participation and "benefits", "needs" and "reasons" to volunteer. However, "reason" was the strongest predictor of the youth becoming volunteers.
THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION SEQUENTIAL AND PERSONALITY ON THE INVESTOR BELIEF REVISION (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN DECISION MAKING)

This research examined that (1) there is a recency effect on investor belief revision from mix information that presented sequentially, (2) there is an anchoring effect on investor belief revision from mix information that presented sequentially, and (3) there is an interaction between the order of information and the tolerance of ambiguity personality in affecting of the revision belief of investors. Belief adjustment theory is employed as the main framework of this research. Experiment method 2x2 between subject used in this research and the subject that use is 75 students postgraduate Universitas Hasanuddin (UNHAS) accounting majors. The hypothesis tested by using Independent Sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA test. The results show that there are a recency effect and anchoring effect on investor belief revision from mix information that presented sequentially. Meanwhile, there is no interaction between sequence information and personality-ambiguity tolerance on investor belief revision. This study gives attention to the company's management to consider the sequencing of the presentation of information because the sequence of presentation can be as important as the content of the information presented to investors. If the information presented sequentially and mix, the company's management should present information in negative information early and positive information in the last section. The management of the company may consider the sequencing of the presentation of information as a strategic tool in communicating management planning to the various shareholders. Investors should realize that their perception could be influenced by the company's strategy of presenting information. Awareness of the influence of the order and how factors such sequence can influence a person's beliefs revision process allows investors to be more careful in assessing the information presented company.
Principles for Sensitive and Robust Biomolecular Interaction Analysis: The Limits of Detection and Resolution of Diffraction-Limited Focal Molography

Label-free biosensors enable the monitoring of biomolecular interactions in real-time, which is key to the analysis of the binding characteristics of biomolecules. While refractometric optical biosensors are sensitive and well-established, they are susceptible to any change of the refractive index in the sensing volume caused by minute variations in composition of the sample buffer, temperature drifts and nonspecific binding to the sensor surface. Refractometric biosensors require reference channels as well as temperature stabilisation and their applicability in complex fluids such as blood is limited by nonspecific bindings. Focal molography does not measure the refractive index of the entire sensing volume but detects the diffracted light from a coherent assembly of analyte molecules. Thus, it does not suffer from the limitations of refractometric sensors since they stem from non-coherent processes and therefore do not add to the coherent molographic signal. The coherent assembly is generated by selective binding of the analyte molecules to a synthetic binding pattern - the mologram. Focal Molography has been introduced theoretically and verified experimentally in previous papers. However, further understanding of the underlying physics and a diffraction-limited readout is needed to unveil its full potential. This paper introduces refined theoretical models which can accurately quantify the amount of matter bound to the mologram from the diffracted intensity. In addition, it presents measurements of diffraction-limited molographic foci. These improvements enabled us to demonstrate a resolution in real-time binding experiments comparable to the best SPR sensors, without the need of temperature stabilisation or drift correction and to detect small molecules label-free in an endpoint format. The presented experiments exemplify the robustness and sensitivity of diffractometric sensors.
EFFECTS OF XYLANASE AND BETA-GLUCANASE ADDITION ON PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND PHYSICO CHEMICAL CONDITIONS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE CONTENTS AND CAECAL MICROFLORA OF BROILER CHICKENS FED A WHEAT AND BARLEY BASED DIET

Corn- or wheat and barley-based diets were supplemented or not with xylanase and β-glucanase (Quatrazyme HP, Nutri-Tomen, France) and fed to broiler chickens (n = 12 per group) from 3 to 25 days of age. The unsupplemented wheat and barley-based diet reduced (P ≤ 0.05) weight gain and feed intake, and increased the feed conversion ratio as compared to the corn-based diet. Vis- cosity in the supernatant of the small intestine contents was increased (P ≤ 0.05), whereas pH and osmolality values decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Crude fat and protein digestibility were reduced as well as the apparent metabolizable energy (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, wheat and barley consumption, when com- pared with the corn-based diet, produced an increase in the microflora of the caeca, with 10.0 vs. 8.9 log CFU·g -1 for facultative anaerobic bacteria, 6.5 vs. 5.6 log CFU·g -1 for E. coli and 9.7 vs. 8.3 log CFU·g -1 for Lactobacillus. The addition of xylanase and β-glucanase to the wheat and bar- ley-based diet significantly reduced the viscosity of the small intestine contents and improved (P ≤ 0.05) weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The digestibility of the nutrients, the apparent metabolizable energy and the osmolality of the small intestine contents were also increased without alteration in pH values. At the same time, the number of total facultative anaerobic bacteria and E. coli decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of xylanase and β-glucanase improves the digestibility of a wheat and barley-based diet, probably by reducing the viscosity of the intestine content and by impeding the growth of bacteria (total facultative anaerobic bacteria, E. coli). xylanase / -glucanase / wheat / barley / broiler / microflora
Multidimensional Analysis of Monthly Stock Market Returns

Abstract This study examines the monthly returns in Turkish and American stock market indices to investigate whether these markets experience abnormal returns during some months of the calendar year. The data used in this research includes 212 observations between January 1996 and August 2014. I apply statistical summary analysis, decomposition technique, dummy variable estimation, and binary logistic regression to check for the monthly market anomalies. The multidimensional methods used in this article suggest weak evidence against the efficient market hypothesis on monthly returns. While some months tend to show abnormal returns, there is no absolute unanimity in the applied approaches. Nevertheless, there is a strikingly negative May effect on the Turkish stocks following a positive return in April. Stocks tend to be bullish in December in both markets, yet we do not observe anya significant January effect is not observed.
Sensitivity of an intense rain event between atmosphere‐only and atmosphere–ocean regional coupled models: 19 September 1996

The representation of Mediterranean intense rain events in regional coupled models is of great importance for impact studies of climate change. It is investigated through the comparison of an atmosphere‐only simulation forced by a coarse‐resolution sea‐surface temperature (SST), an atmosphere–ocean coupled simulation generating a high‐resolution SST and an atmosphere‐only simulation forced by a high‐resolution monthly smoothed SST. The Cévennes, located in Southern France, is a region of high interest because of its frequent intense rain events and the proximity of the Gulf of Lion, where intense air–sea exchanges happen during mistral and tramontane wind bursts. Focus is given to one of the most intense rain events of the 20 year simulations (1989–2009): 19 September 1996, for which the change in the rain location between the atmosphere–ocean simulation and the atmosphere‐only simulation forced by the coarse‐resolution SST is large. In this case, the change in the rain location can be attributed mainly to a long‐term change in the SST of 1.5 K, with a smaller but significant contribution of submonthly coupled effects such as cooling of the SST in the Gulf of Lion after moderate mistral events that occurred before the precipitation event. The change in the location of precipitation is related to a wind change of 5ms−1. This wind deviation originated from the combined effects of a surface pressure anomaly, stronger stratification on the western side of the coastal front in the Gulf of Lion and the enhanced blocking effect of the Alps.
SPARSE VARYING COEFFICIENT MODELS FOR LONGITUDINAL DATA

Nonparametric varying coefficient models are useful for the analysis of repeated measurements. While many procedures have been developed for estimat- ing varying-coefficients, there have been few results on variable selection for such models. Recently, Wang, Chen and Li (2007) proposed a group SCAD procedure for model selection in varying-coefficient models, and Wang, Li and Huang (2008) established the existence of a local minimizer of the group SCAD criterion that has the oracle property. However, whether the final estimator from the gSCAD procedure via local quadratic approximation always finds the desired local mini- mizer is not clear. In this paper, by linearizing the gSCAD penalty we propose a one-step estimator that has the oracle property in variable selection and esti- mation. The proposed estimator has a much simpler implementation and gives better performance in variable selection and estimation than the ordinary gSCAD estimator.
Cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery in silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)

The study of the vascularization of the cerebrum in silver fox was performed on 80 cerebral hemispheres. It was found that the middle cerebral artery is the strongest vessel supplying blood to the cerebrum. The artery gets divided into ten permanent branches. Two olfactory arteries supply the region of the cerebrum located on the border between the old and the new cortex. The other eight supply the region of the new cortex. The frontal, parietal and temporal branches descended independently from the main trunk of the middle cerebral artery or formed a common trunk. Common trunks for respective groups of branches have been described as the anterior, superior and posterior middle cerebral artery. The alterior olfactory artery in 5% of cases and posterior olfactory artery in 2.5% of cases were independent branches of the middle cerebral artery extending from the rostral cerebral artery.
Investigating Outcomes of Aggressive Behaviour and Popularity in School-Aged Children

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between aggressive behaviour and the adjustment of children and adolescents. The moderating interactions between aggressive behaviour and popularity, stability or rejection are examined in relation to the adjustment outcomes of physical health, self-esteem and depression. Participants were given peer nominations to measure overt and relational aggression, popularity and rejection. A self-report was used to measure children's physical health, self-esteem and depression. To determine the stability of children's specific peer groups, the social cognitive map was used. Participants were 1,033 students (444 boys, 589 girls) in Grades 4 to 8 inclusive in Southwestern Ontario. Nine hierarchical regressions were analyzed and findings partially supported the hypothesis. Popularity was found to moderate the relationship between aggressive behaviour for both selfesteem and depression. Stability and rejection were not found to be significantly related to aggressive behaviour. Future research is needed to investigate the moderating relationships between aggressive behaviour and adjustment outcomes. INVESTIGATING OUTCOMES OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR 3
THE ASSESSMENT OF SIZE IN FOSSIL FELIDAE

Estimations of body size in fossil vertebrates depend on establishing the relationships between body mass, overall length or sorne measure of stature and measurements taken on skeletal elements in living relatives or close proxies. However, most osteological collections lack information on body size for individual specimens, and published investigations usually fall back on summary data derived from the literature to plot against measurements taken directly on the skeletal material. The utility of such approaches beyond very general indications of size is open to question. In an effort to reduce these problems we attempt to establish sorne objective basis for using skeletal elements for the purpose of size estimation in the larger Felidae of the genus Panthera, using data for the jaguar, Panthera anca. We show that cranial length offers a good indication of overall size in the living animal, and that various other cranial dimensions correlate closely with that measurement, while individual teeth, despite their frequent occurrence in assemblages, show a looser relationship and therefore appear less useful for size estimations of fossil material than has been thought.
Effects of Salinity and Laser Radiation on Proline Accumulation in Seeds of Spring Wheat

Laser is one of the sources that induce a biological effect in higher plants. The positive effect of laser on some crops has been proved. This research was carried out to study the effect of laser radiation on the accumulation of proline in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Kavir) under different NaCl treatment levels. Semi-coherent red beam, infrared beam and one-second harmonics of Neodymium-Yttrium-Alminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser were chosen as illumination sources. Irradiation on seeds was conducted for 12 minutes once or twice and non-irradiated seeds were used as the control. Experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The results revealed proline accumulation in leaves after laser treatment and subsequently salt stress tolerance enhanced significantly. Each dosage of radiation imposed a different effect on proline content. The highest proline accumulation was observed in one-time exposure of Nd:YAG laser radiation. This is the first investigation report on using different types of lasers and their effect on proline content in the spring wheat. Results show the powerful effect of laser treatment on the improvement of wheat tolerance to salinity stress.
An Unlucky Feeling: Persistent Overestimation of Absolute Performance with Noisy Feedback

How does overconfidence arise and persist in the face of experience and feedback? We examine experimentally how individuals' beliefs about their absolute, as opposed to relative, performance on a quiz react to noisy, but unbiased, feedback. Participants believe themselves to have received `unlucky' feedback and they overestimate their own scores, but they exhibit no overconfidence in non-ego-relevant beliefs---in this case, about others' scores. Unlike previous studies of relative performance estimates, we find this to be driven by overconfident priors, as opposed to biased updating, which suggests that social comparisons contribute to biased information processing. While feedback improves performance estimates, this learning does not translate into improved estimates of subsequent performances. This suggests that people use performance feedback to update their beliefs about their ability differently than they do to update their beliefs about their performance, contributing to the persistence of overconfidence.