Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Social Media and Social Networks on Education and Students of Pakistan

The impact of social websites can be good on students but if we have a closer look on the real impact of social networks. Today it is ruining the future and carrier of students. The social networking websites like https://www.linkedin. com, http://www.facebook. com/, https://twitter.com/ and https://www.orkut. com/ etc. are continuously distracting students from their studies. The main focus of student should be education but unfortunately today’s student are emphasizing on such sites which can be a complete wastage of time. Social Networks was only an electronic connection between users but unfortunately it has become an addiction for students, teenagers and even adults. This paper presents impact of social networks on education, students and impact on life of teenagers, further it describes how social networking websites are auditory and dangerous for youth and teenagers.
Microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetes: its prevalence in Indian compared with Europid patients

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is strikingly common in British Indians, but their susceptibility to diabetic complications is unknown. The ratio of albumin to creatinine concentrations was measured in samples of the first urine voided in the morning in 154 Indian and 82 Europid patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and in a control group of 129 non-diabetic Indians. The ratio was significantly higher in the Indian patients than in the Europid patients and the Indian controls. There were no significant correlations between the logarithm of the albumin: creatinine ratio and age, known duration of diabetes, haemoglobin A1 concentration, or body mass index within either diabetic group. Hypertension and raised albumin:creatinine ratio were significantly associated, and significant correlations were seen between the logarithm of the albumin:creatinine ratio and systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the Indian but not the Europid diabetics. Because of the high prevalence of diabetes at a relatively early age in Indians, nephropathy may emerge as an important clinical problem.
In Vitro Interaction of Flucytosine with Conventional and New Antifungals against Cryptococcus neoformans Clinical Isolates

ABSTRACT Combinations of flucytosine with conventional and new antifungals were evaluated in vitro against 30 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Synergy determined by checkerboard analysis was observed with combinations of fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin with flucytosine against 77, 60, 80, 77, and 67% of the isolates, respectively. Antagonism was never observed. Killing curves showed indifferent interactions between triazoles and flucytosine and synergy between amphotericin B and flucytosine.
FDTD calculations of specific energy absorption rate in a seated voxel model of the human body from 10 MHz to 3 GHz

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations have been performed to investigate the frequency dependence of the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) in a seated voxel model of the human body. The seated model was derived from NORMAN (NORmalized MAN), an anatomically realistic voxel phantom in the standing posture with arms to the side. Exposure conditions included both vertically and horizontally polarized plane wave electric fields between 10 MHz and 3 GHz. The resolution of the voxel model was 4 mm for frequencies up to 360 MHz and 2 mm for calculations in the higher frequency range. The reduction in voxel size permitted the calculation of SAR at these higher frequencies using the FDTD method. SAR values have been calculated for the seated adult phantom and scaled versions representing 10-, 5- and 1-year-old children under isolated and grounded conditions. These scaled models do not exactly reproduce the dimensions and anatomy of children, but represent good geometric information for a seated child. Results show that, when the field is vertically polarized, the sitting position causes a second, smaller resonance condition not seen in resonance curves for the phantom in the standing posture. This occurs at ∼130 MHz for the adult model when grounded. Partial-body SAR calculations indicate that the upper and lower regions of the body have their own resonant frequency at ∼120 MHz and ∼160 MHz, respectively, when the grounded adult model is orientated in the sitting position. These combine to produce this second resonance peak in the whole-body averaged SAR values calculated. Two resonance peaks also occur for the sitting posture when the incident electric field is horizontally polarized. For the adult model, the peaks in the whole-body averaged SAR occur at ∼180 and ∼600 MHz. These peaks are due to resonance in the arms and feet, respectively. Layer absorption plots and colour images of SAR in individual voxels show the specific regions in which the seated human body absorbs the incident field. External electric field values required to produce the ICNIRP basic restrictions were derived from SAR calculations and compared with ICNIRP reference levels. This comparison shows that the reference levels provide a conservative estimate of the ICNIRP whole-body averaged SAR restriction, with the exception of the region above 1.4 GHz for the scaled 1-year-old model.
Improvement of quality of life and menopausal symptoms in climacteric women treated with low-dose monthly parenteral formulations of non-polymeric microspheres of 17β-estradiol/progesterone

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the short term effect over menopausal symptoms and quality of life (QoL) of monthly parenteral formulations of 17β-estradiol (E)/progesterone (P) non-polymeric microspheres. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized, single-blinded study that included peri- and post-menopausal symptomatic women assigned to receive a monthly intramuscular injection of 0.5 mg E + 15 mg P (Group A, n = 34), 1 mg E + 20 mg P (Group B, n = 24), or 1 mg E + 30 mg P (Group C, n = 26) for 6 months. Intensity of menopausal symptoms was assessed before and after treatment with the Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS) and QoL with the Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQoLS). Results: Menopausal symptoms improved for all groups at six months evidenced by lower cluster/sub-cluster GCS scores. Equally, there was an overall trend for QoL improvement for all groups evidenced by higher domain UQoLS scores at six months; but only significant for the emotional (Groups A and B) and occupational domains (Groups A and C). Conclusion: The three low-dose continuous sequential intramuscular monthly formulations of E/P microspheres exerted a positive effect over menopausal symptoms and QoL. Long-term research is warranted with these formulations. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers NCT 00775242.
Vaccination against a Virus-Encoded Cytokine Significantly Restricts Viral Challenge

ABSTRACT Identification of immune correlates of protection for viral vaccines is complicated by multiple factors, but there is general consensus on the importance of antibodies that neutralize viral attachment to susceptible cells. Development of new viral vaccines has mostly followed this neutralizing antibody paradigm, but as a recent clinical trial of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccination demonstrated, this singular approach can yield limited protective efficacy. Since HCMV devotes >50% of its coding capacity to proteins that modulate host immunity, it is hypothesized that expansion of vaccine targets to include this part of the viral proteome will disrupt viral natural history. HCMV and rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) each encode an ortholog to the cellular interleukin-10 (cIL-10) cytokine: cmvIL-10 and rhcmvIL10, respectively. Despite extensive sequence divergence from their host's cIL-10, each viral IL-10 retains nearly identical functionality to cIL-10. Uninfected rhesus macaques were immunized with engineered, nonfunctional rhcmvIL-10 variants, which were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis to abolish binding to the cIL-10 receptor. Vaccinees developed antibodies that neutralized rhcmvIL-10 function with no cross-neutralization of cIL-10. Following subcutaneous RhCMV challenge, the vaccinees exhibited both reduced RhCMV replication locally at the inoculation site and systemically and significantly reduced RhCMV shedding in bodily fluids compared to controls. Attenuation of RhCMV infection by rhcmvIL-10 vaccination argues that neutralization of viral immunomodulation may be a new vaccine paradigm for HCMV by expanding potential vaccine targets.
The COMPLIANCE 360° Trial: a randomized, prospective, multicenter, pilot study comparing acute and long-term results of orbital atherectomy to balloon angioplasty for calcified femoropopliteal disease.

OBJECTIVE This study compares treatment results of orbital atherectomy (OA) vs balloon angioplasty (BA) for calcified femoropopliteal (FP) disease. BA for calcified FP disease is associated with increased dissection rates and suboptimal results. OA is hypothesized to decrease these acute complications via lesion compliance change. METHODS Fifty patients (65 lesions) with calcified FP disease were randomized to OA plus BA vs. BA alone and followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR), including adjunctive stenting, or restenosis as evidenced by duplex ultrasound at 6 months. RESULTS Mean maximum balloon pressure was 4.0 atm in the OA arm vs. 9.1 atm in the BA arm (P<.001). In subjects with residual stenosis >30%, the operator chose to stent 2/38 lesions (5.3%) in the OA arm vs 21/27 lesions (77.8%) in the BA arm (P<.001). Freedom from TLR (including adjunctive stenting) or restenosis was achieved in 77.1% of lesions in the OA group vs. 11.5% in the BA group (P<.001) at 6 months, and 81.2% vs. 78.3% at 12 months, excluding adjunctive stenting (P>.99). CONCLUSIONS Compared to BA alone, OA plus BA yields better luminal gain by improving lesion compliance and decreases adjunctive stenting in the treatment of calcified FP disease. At 12 months, the occurrence of TLR or restenosis was similar in both groups despite the large disparity in stent usage at the time of initial treatment.
Chapter 9 Effects of Education on Adult Health in Sweden: Results from a Natural Experiment

Understanding health determinants and exactly how they affect health is an important social policy question. Empirical tests in the health literature typically find that the number of years of formal schooling completed is the most important correlate of good health. However, there is less consensus as to whether this correlation reflects a causal relationship between more schooling and better health. This chapter capitalizes on a unique social experiment: the 1950 Swedish comprehensive school reform, which was implemented in stages and by municipal areas, through which people born between 1945 and 1955 went through two different school systems (one of which required at least one more year of schooling). It uses an instrumental variables technique to estimate formal schooling's causal effect on adult health in Sweden. The instrumental variable for degree of education (schooling) generated from compulsory school reform yields a consistent estimate of education's causal impact on health, as measured by an bad health index and of body mass index in the healthy range. The additional schooling generated by Sweden's compulsory school reform produces improved adult health (controlling for cohort and county effects, family background characteristics, and individual income).
Awake craniotomy with brain mapping as the routine surgical approach to treating patients with supratentorial intraaxial tumors: a prospective trial of 200 cases.

OBJECT Awake craniotomy was performed as the standard surgical approach to supratentorial intraaxial tumors, regardless of the involvement of eloquent cortex, in a prospective trial of 200 patients surgically treated by the same surgeon at a single institution. METHODS Patient presentations, comorbid conditions, tumor locations, and the histological characteristics of lesions were recorded. Brain mapping was possible in 195 (97.5%) of 200 patients. The total number of patients sustaining complications was 33 for an overall complication rate of 16.5%. There were two deaths in this series, for a mortality rate of 1%. New postoperative neurological deficits were seen in 13% of the patients, but these were permanent in only 4.5% of them. Complication rates were higher in patients who had gliomas or preoperative neurological deficits and in those who had undergone prior radiation therapy or surgery. No patient who entered the operating room neurologically intact sustained a permanent neurological deficit postoperatively. Of the most recent 50 patients treated, three (6%) required a stay in the intensive care unit, and the median total hospital stay was 1 day. CONCLUSIONS Use of awake craniotomy can result in a considerable reduction in resource utilization without compromising patient care by minimizing intensive care time and total hospital stay. Awake craniotomy is a practical and effective standard surgical approach to supratentorial tumors with a low complication rate, and provides an excellent alternative to craniotomy performed with the patient in the state of general anesthesia because it allows the opportunity for brain mapping and avoids general anesthesia.
Construction and validation of the quality of life measure for dentine hypersensitivity (DHEQ).

AIM To develop and validate a condition specific measure of oral health-related quality of life for dentine hypersensitivity (Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire, DHEQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Questionnaire construction used a multi-staged impact approach and an explicit theoretical model. Qualitative and quantitative development and validation included in-depth interviews, focus groups and cross-sectional questionnaire studies in a general population (n=160) and a clinical sample (n=108). RESULTS An optimized DHEQ questionnaire containing 48 items has been developed to describe the pain, a scale to capture subjective impacts of dentine hypersensitivity, a global oral health rating and a scale to record effects on life overall. The impact scale had high values for internal reliability (nearly all item-total correlations >0.4 and Cronbach's α=0.86). Intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.92. The impact scale was strongly correlated to global oral health ratings and effects on life overall. These results were similar when DHEQ was validated in a clinical sample. CONCLUSIONS DHEQ shows good psychometric properties in both a general population and clinical sample. Its use can further our understanding of the subjective impacts of dentine sensitivity.
Increasing respiratory rate to improve CO2 clearance during mechanical ventilation is not a panacea in acute respiratory failure*

Background Increasing respiratory rate has recently been proposed to improve CO2 clearance in patients with acute respiratory failure who are receiving mechanical ventilation. However, the efficacy of this strategy may be limited by deadspace ventilation, and it might induce adverse hemodynamic effects related to dynamic hyperinflation. Setting An intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients We studied 14 patients with acute respiratory failure during the adjustment of ventilator settings on the first day of mechanical ventilation in volume-controlled mode. Measurements After determining the positive end-expiratory pressure that suppresses any intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure at a respiratory rate of 15 breaths/min, we compared blood gas analysis, respiratory measurements, and Doppler evaluation of right ventricular systolic function by using two different respiratory strategies with the same airway pressure limitation (plateau pressure, ≤25 cm H2O), a low-rate conventional respiratory strategy with a respiratory rate of 15 breaths/min, and a high-rate strategy with a respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min. Results Compared with the low-rate strategy, the high-rate strategy neither significantly reduced Paco2 (47 ± 8 vs. 51 ± 7 mm Hg with the low-rate strategy) nor significantly improved Pao2 (99 ± 40 vs. 95 ± 35 mm Hg with the low-rate strategy). It significantly increased alveolar deadspace to tidal volume ratio (21% ± 8%, vs. 14% ± 6% with the low-rate strategy) and produced dynamic hyperinflation, resulting in a substantial intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (6.4 ± 2.7 cm H2O). Right ventricular outflow impedance was increased, resulting in a significant drop in the cardiac index (2.9 ± 0.6 vs. 3.3 ± 0.7 L/min/m with the low-rate strategy). Conclusion We conclude that a high respiratory rate strategy during mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure did not improve CO2 clearance, produced dynamic hyperinflation, and impaired right ventricular ejection.
The effect of structural empowerment of nurses on quality outcomes in hospitals: a scoping review

AIM To assess and synthesise studies reporting direct associations between the structural empowerment of frontline nurses and quality outcomes, and to identify gaps in the current literature. BACKGROUND The empowerment of nurses seems essential for delivering high-quality patient care. Understanding the relationship between empowerment and quality outcomes would enable nurse managers to make informed choices on improving the quality of care. METHODS A scoping review examining the relationship between the structural empowerment of nurses and the quality, effectiveness, safety, efficiency and patient-centredness of care in hospitals. Searching in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Business Source Premier and Embase identified 672 potentially relevant articles. Independent selection, quality assessment, data extraction and analysis were completed. RESULTS Twelve cross-sectional studies originating from North America were included. These studies showed a variety of quality outcomes and statistics used. All studies reported positive associations between the structural empowerment of nurses, nurse assessed quality of care and patient safety climate, and work and unit effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Nurses having access to empowering structures positively affects the quality outcomes, i.e. quality, effectiveness, safety, efficiency and patient-centredness of patient care in hospitals. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers and leaders should ensure empowering work conditions for nurses in order to increase hospitals' quality of patient care.
Examining the relationship between trading volume, market return volatility and U.S. aggregate mutual fund flow

I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . III DECLARATION . IV LIST OF TABLES . VIII LIST OF FIGURES . XI CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER TWO AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADING VOLUME AND STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY 2.
Analysis of Dyssynchrony and Ventricular Function in Right Univentricular Stimulation at Different Positions

Introduction Chronic stimulation of the right ventricle with pacemaker is associated with ventricular dyssynchrony and loss of contractility, even in subjects without previous dysfunction. In these patients, there is a debate of which pacing site is less associated with loss of ventricular function. Objective To compare pacemaker-induced dyssynchrony among different pacing sites in right ventricular stimulation. Methods Cross-sectional study of outpatients with right ventricle stimulation higher than 80% and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Pacing lead position (apical, medial septum or free wall) was assessed through chest X-rays. Every patient underwent echocardiogram to evaluate for dyssynchrony according to CARE-HF criteria: aortic pre-ejection time, interventricular delay and septum/posterior wall delay on M mode. Results Forty patients were included. Fifty-two percent had apical electrode position, 42% mid septum and 6% free wall. Mean QRS time 148.97±15.52 milliseconds. A weak correlation between the mean QRS width and pre-aortic ejection time (r=0.32; P=0.04) was found. No difference in QRS width among the positions could be noted. Intraventricular delay was lower in apical patients against mid septal (34.4±17.2 vs. 54.3±19.1 P<0.05) - no difference with those electrode on the free wall. No difference was noted in the pre-aortic ejection time (P=0.9). Conclusion Apical pacing showed a lower interventricular conduction delay when compared to medial septum site. Our findings suggest that apical pacing dyssynchrony is not ubiquitous, as previously thought, and that it should remain an option for lead placement.
BBK32, a Fibronectin Binding MSCRAMM from Borrelia burgdorferi, Contains a Disordered Region That Undergoes a Conformational Change on Ligand Binding*

BBK32 is a fibronectin-binding lipoprotein on Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Analysis using secondary structure prediction programs suggested that BBK32 is composed of two domains, an N-terminal segment lacking well defined secondary structure and a C-terminal segment composed largely of α-helices. Analysis of purified recombinant forms of the two domains by circular dichroism spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and intrinsic viscosity determination were consistent with an N-terminal-extended, unstructured segment and a C-terminal globular domain in BBK32. Solid phase binding experiments suggest that the unstructured N-terminal domain binds fibronectin. Analysis of changes in circular dichroism spectra of the N-terminal segment of BBK32 upon binding of the N-terminal domain of fibronectin revealed an increase in β-sheet content in the complex. Hence, BBK32, which belongs to a different family of proteins and shows no overall sequence similarity with the fibronectin binding MSCRAMMs (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) of Gram-positive bacteria, binds fibronectin by a mechanism that is reminiscent of the “tandem β-zipper” previously demonstrated for the fibronectin binding of streptococcal adhesins (Schwarz-Linek, U., Werner, J. M., Pickford, A. R., Gurusiddappa, S., Kim, J. H., Pilka, E. S., Briggs, J. A., Gough, T. S., Hook, M., Campbell, I. D., and Potts, J. R. (2003) Nature 423, 177–181).
An Efficient Algorithm for Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability

We present a simple efficient algorithm for the derivation of a heart rate signal from the electrocardiogram. We demonstrate that the amplitude spectrum of this heart rate signal more closely matches that of the input signal to an integral pulse frequency modulation (IPFM) model of the heart's pacemaker than do the spectra of other ECG-derived heart rate signals. The applicability of this algorithm in cross-spectral analysis between heart rate and other physiologic signals is also discussed.