Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental variables associated with Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii population structure and Swiss needle cast severity in Western Oregon and Washington

Abstract The environment has a strong influence on the abundance and distribution of plant pathogenic organisms and plays a major role in plant disease. Climatological factors may also alter the dynamics of the interactions between plant pathogens and their hosts. Nothophaeocryptopus (=Phaeocryptopus) gaeumannii, the causal agent of Swiss needle cast (SNC) of Douglas‐fir, is endemic to western North America where it exists as two sympatric, reproductively isolated lineages. The abundance of this fungus and the severity of SNC are strongly influenced by climate. We used statistical and population genetic analyses to examine relationships between environment, pathogen population structure, and SNC severity. Although N. gaeumannii Lineage 2 in western Oregon and Washington was most abundant where SNC symptoms were most severe, we did not detect a significant relationship between Lineage 2 and disease severity. Warmer winter temperatures were inversely correlated with foliage retention (AFR) and positively correlated with the relative abundance of Lineage 2 (PL2). However when distance inland, which was strongly correlated with both AFR and PL2, was included in the model, there was no significant relationship between Lineage 2 and AFR. Spring/early summer dew point temperatures also were positively associated with total N. gaeumannii abundance (colonization index (CI)) and inversely correlated with AFR. Warmer summer mean temperatures were associated with lower CI and higher AFR. Our results suggest that the two lineages have overlapping environmental optima, but slightly different tolerance ranges. Lineage 2 was absent from more inland sites where winters are colder and summers are warm and dry, while Lineage 1 occurred at most sites across an environmental gradient suggesting broader environmental tolerance. These relationships suggest that climate influences the abundance and distribution of this ecologically important plant pathogen and may have played a role in the evolutionary divergence of these two cryptic fungal lineages.
HEALTH LITERACY AND DIABETES RISK FACTORS SCORE

Introduction: Health literacy is an ability of people to get, process and understand the health information and services to make a health decision. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known as one of major health problem around the world. Decreasing the new cases of DM can be done by applying healthy lifestyle. Health literacy affects to people’s life style. This study aims to examine health literacy level of civil administration servant in Central Kalimantan with Diabetes risk factors score. Methods: Totally 42 respondents were recruited in this study. HLS-EU-Q16 was used to measure health literacy level and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire was used to measure diabetes risk factors score. The data was analyzed in univariate and bivariate analysis used Chi-square. Results: Majority of respondents had aged under 45 years old (85.7%) and male (54.8%). The health literacy level of respondents was high (59.5%) and most of them had low risk of diabetes (69.0%). By using Chi-square, health literacy level was statistically significant with diabetes risk factors score (p=0.028). The risk factors for diabetes that mostly found were overweight, low physical activity, family history of diabetes and not consumed fruit and vegetables every day. Conclusion: Health literacy level was statistically significant with diabetes risk factors score. The government should promote healthy lifestyle to decrease the risk of getting non-communicable disease such as Diabetes Mellitus not only for civil servant but also general population.
Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse

Sefkuinomun (CFQ) coklu doz uygulamalarinin, atlarin hematolojik ve biyokimyasal profilleri uzerinde bir etkisi olup olmadigi bilinmemektedir. Bu calismanin amaci, atlarda coklu artan CFQ dozlarinin bazi hematolojik (WBC, LYM, MON, GRA, RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW ve PLT) ve biyokimyasal parametreler uzerine (ALB, ALP, ALT, AST, CH, CR, GGT, LDH, TB, TP, TRIG ve BUN) etkisini belirlemektir. Arastirma 16 adet eriskin at (4.6 ± 2.1 yas, 302 ± 38 kg) uzerinde gerceklestirildi. Atlara damar ici olarak 7 gun boyunca her 12 saatte dort doz seviyesinde CFQ uygulandi: Grup I; 1 mg/kg, Grup II; 2 mg/kg, Grup III; 4 mg/kg, Grup IV; 6 mg/kg) uygulanan toplam 13 enjeksiyon gerceklestirildi. Belirlenen hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler ilac uygulamasindan once (0 gun) ve ilk CFQ dozunun uygulanmasindan 1, 3, 7 ve 14 gun sonra izlendi. Tedavi gunlerinde gruplar arasinda serum biyokimyasal parametrelerinde anlamli bir fark bulunmadi (p> 0.05). Hematolojik parametrelerde (MONO, GRAN, RBC, HB, HCT, MCH ve PCT) doz gruplari arasinda referans degerler icinde anlamli farklar bulundu (p <0.05). Bu sonuclar, atlarda CFQ’un 6 mg/kg kadar coklu doz uygulamalarinin, degerlendirilen kan parametreleri uzerinde klinik olarak onemli bir etkisi olmadigini gostermektedir.
Stable Isotope Analyses of Multiple Tissues of Great Shearwaters (Ardenna Gravis) Reveals Long-Term Dietary Stability, Short-Term Changes in Diet, and Can be Used as a Tool to Monitor Food Webs

The great shearwater (Ardenna gravis) is a common pelagic bird with a distribution that spans almost the entire Atlantic basin, which in conjunction with its relatively high abundance, makes great shearwaters an effective bio indicator. We compared δ13C and δ15N values from the feathers, red blood cells (RBCs), and plasma of great shearwaters collected in 2014 and 2015 from the waters off Massachusetts and Cape Cod. The δ13C and δ15N values of RBCs were quite constant between sampling periods and years, suggesting a generally stable food web over that time period. However, the δ13C of plasma indicates a small seasonal change in diet between July and September for both years, with plasma δ15N values suggesting a slight increase in trophic level late in summer. Comparison of the δ15N of RBCs and plasma indicates that great shearwaters experienced a diet shift during the first few weeks of summer 2014, but not in 2015. Comparisons with other studies suggest that these shearwaters feed at a lower trophic level than great shearwaters sampled in the Bay of Fundy and that there is a decrease in δ13C with increasing latitude, which could indicate a more pelagic diet in northern waters. Stable isotope analysis of the sixth primary feathers provided evidence that these feathers are molted in the Northern Hemisphere and that the diet of great shearwaters shortly after arrival was different in 2014 and 2015. This study demonstrates that within species comparisons of tissue isotopic signatures over time and comparisons of isotopic signatures of tissues with different turnover rates, can detect changes in diet and be used as a tool to monitor for changes in marine food webs over time and space. The relevant signals remain informative even in the absence of species-specific data on tissue-diet discrimination factors, tissue turnover rates, or knowledge of dietary components and their stable isotopic signatures, suggesting dietary changes indicative of a corresponding change in the food web.
Hepatic Artery Occlusion after Liver Transplantation in Patients with Doppler Ultrasound Abnormality: Increasing Sensitivity of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Diagnosis

Objective To investigate whether diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could be improved with modified criteria to diagnose significant hepatic artery occlusion (HAO) and to determine the role of CEUS in patients with a tardus-parvus hepatic artery (HA) pattern on Doppler US. Materials and Methods Among 2679 adult liver transplantations performed over 7 years, HAO was suspected in 288 recipients, based on Doppler ultrasound. Among them, 130 patients underwent CEUS. After excluding two technical failures, 128 CEUS images were retrospectively reviewed to search for abnormal findings, such as no HA enhancement, abnormal HA enhancement (delayed, faint, and discontinuous enhancement), and perfusion defect in the liver parenchyma. The performance CEUS abnormalities were assessed in the patients overall and in subgroups based on Doppler ultrasound abnormality (group A, no flow; group B, tardus-parvus pattern) and were compared based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results HAO were diagnosed in 41 patients by surgery, angiography, or follow-up abnormality. By using the conventional criterion (no HA enhancement) to diagnose HAO in patients overall, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 58.5%, 100%, and 0.793, respectively. Modified criteria for HAO (no HA enhancement, abnormal enhancement, or parenchymal perfusion defect) showed statistically significantly increased sensitivity (97.6%, 40/41) and AUC (0.959) (p < 0.001), although the specificity (95.4%, 83/87) was slightly decreased. The sensitivity and specificity of the modified criteria in Groups A and B were 97.1% (33/34) and 95.7% (22/23), and 100% (7/7) and 95.3% (61/64), respectively. Conclusion Modified criteria could improve diagnostic performance of CEUS for HAO, particularly by increasing sensitivity. CEUS could be useful for diagnosing HAO even in patients with a tardus-parvus HA pattern on Doppler US, using modified criteria.
Patient utilization survey of mirabegron prescribed for overactive bladder

Purpose Mirabegron, a β3-adrenoreceptor agonist, is used to treat overactive bladder. The factors affecting persistence of mirabegron use or symptom improvement are not thoroughly known, but could be related to patient characteristics. Therefore, we evaluated persistence of medication use, symptom improvement, and quality of life among Finnish mirabegron users. In addition, we assessed possible predictors of change in these variables. Materials and Methods Participants (52 men, 118 women) with an initial mirabegron prescription were recruited nationwide from 79 pharmacies. Volunteers were interviewed at baseline and after 6 months. Subject and clinical characteristics, symptom severity, and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) were assessed using a visual analogue scale. Results Of 170 participants, 144 (84.7%) were reached after 6 months. The rate of persistent mirabegron use was 50.7%. Experiencing adverse effects (29.6%) was the most common reason for discontinuation of medication. A primary health care unit as a prescription site (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–4.9) was associated with increased risk for discontinuation. Mirabegron relieved symptoms in 45.2% and enhanced quality of life in 41.7% of the participants. Age <64 years was associated with better probability of symptom improvement (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1–6.8), whereas none of the other parameters assessed predicted change in quality of life. Conclusions In this Finnish population, 50.7% of the participants continued using mirabegron after 6 months. The prescription site seemed to be important for persistent use, which may be related to patient counseling. Younger patients were more likely to benefit from treatment with mirabegron.
ACCOUNTABILITY OF VILLAGE FUND MANAGEMENT BY VILLAGE GOVERNMENT IN INDRASARI VILLAGE, MARTAPURA DISTRICT, INDONESIA

This research aims to analyze accountability of village fund management by village government in Indrasari village of Martapura District. The research’ type is qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the management of village funds in Indrasari village has fulfilled the principle of accountability. Judging from the process indicator, Indrasari village has a decision made in writing available to the residents and has fulfilled the prevailing administrative standards, for example by the establishment of the village regulation on RKPDesa and APBDdesa through village deliberation, as well as assassination of village head decision on the determination of PTPKD and establishment of TPK Desa Indrasari. Accuracy and completeness indicators of information relating to how to achieve the target of a program is fulfilled by the financial management of the village referring to Minister of Home Affairs Regulation 113/2014 about the financial management of village and Minister of Home Affairs Regulation 114/2014 on village development guidelines. From the clarity indicator aspect, whether the objectives of the organization to be achieved, the feasibility and consistency of the operational target are all well fulfilled, can be seen from the financial management of the village that refers to RKPDesa and APBDesa Indrasari and its ordinances refer to Banjar Regent Regulation No 3 of 017 on the village's financial management. Management information system indicators and results monitoring are fulfilled with the financial management of the village using the village financial system (Siskeudes) application to facilitate the village's financial governance and the reporting of the village head delivered periodically each semester to the Regent through Camat and the submission of a statement report of the year-end government to the BPD and orally to the community at the time of the village deliberation. The realization of the expenditure of APBDesa Indrasari in 2018 has been good with the achievement of 93.69%. Problems faced by Indrasari Village government are related to land assets that should be owned. Article visualizations:
Pengaruh Tingkat Pemahaman Wajib Pajak, Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, dan Sanksi Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak

This research aims to analyze the influence taxpayer level of understanding, taxpayer awareness, and tax penalties against tax compliance individual taxpayers conducting business ( Studies in KPP Pratama “X”). The analytical tool used is lists the questionnaire, data collection in the form of test validity and reliability testing. Hypothesis in this study is that there are influences the taxpayer level of understanding, taxpayer awareness, and tax penalties agains tax compliance individual taxpayer conducting business. To test this hypothesis used data analysis tools such as multiple linear regressio.The results obtained by test validity indicates that all of the questions on the questionnaire is valid. To test reliability of all the variables declared reliable and based on hypothesis test based on the F test, t test, and the coefficient of determination showed relationship between the taxpayer level of understanding, the taxpayer awareness, and tax penalties agains tax compliance individual taxpayer conducting business.Keywords: Understanding, Awareness, Tax Penalties, Compliance.
Experimental Study of Chinese POS Tagging

Chinese POS tagging is an important task in Chinese information processing, and many other Chinese natural language processing tasks are dependent on it. Nowadays, there exist a lot of approaches to Chinese POS tagging, and they exploit different machine learning frameworks. We conducted experiments on the People Daily corpus for 6 tagging methods from 3 families, i.e. reference method, generative model based and discriminate model based methods, and compare them in terms of tagging efficiency, effectiveness and error distribution etc. We found that the reference method is the fastest, available easily and applicable for some simple applications, the HMM based method is barely satisfactory, and the character based joint method has the best effectiveness, which increases steadily with the increase of the size of the training corpus. In addition, the distributions of these methods are alike, so no better effectiveness would be expected by the combination of them.
Can the strategies for endoparasite control affect the productivity of lamb production systems on pastures?

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and carcass traits of unweaned Suffolk lambs finished on pasture and subjected to three strategies for endoparasite control: prophylactic treatment of all animals every 28 days; treatment of animals with a cut off number of nematode fecal egg count (FEC) ≥ 700; and treatment of animals using the FAMACHA scores ≥ 3. Average daily weight gain (ADG) and FEC were evaluated every 14 days for 112 days. Body condition [. ]
The Impact of National Minimum Wage Policy on Malaysian Hotel Employees

Abstract The national minimum wage policy implementation has impacted hotel employees. Likewise, hotel operators have had to restructure compensation systems potentially influencing employees’ compensation satisfaction, work behaviors, and quality of life. This study aims to examine the relationships between employee perception of the minimum wage policy, compensation satisfaction, work behaviors (i.e. work motivation, work engagement, job satisfaction, turnover intention), and quality of life. Hotel employees in Malaysia (n = 239) completed an electronic survey. Results of the correlational analysis showed that all but one of the relationships tested were significant. Implications, limitations, and future research recommendations are provided.
SUICIDE PREVENTION: THE EXPERIENCES OF RECURRENT SUICIDE ATTEMPTERS (A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY)

: Objective: Presently, the issue of attempted suicide now poses one of the major challenges facing the healthcare providers in Iran and other countries. Although in previous years, the number of people entering to hospital emergency departments after deliberately taking overdoses or injuring themselves has been steadily increased in Iran, however, there is less attention to the issue of suicide prevention. The main aim of this study is to understand the experiences of those who re-attempted suicide, along with regarding suicide prevention. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was applied. Purposeful samples of 12 patients who had a history of attempted suicide and were able to attend and respond to questions were recruited. Data was gathered by means of an in-depth semi-structured interview with each subject separately. The analysis of the data was conducted using the phenomenological analytic method defined by Colaizzi. Results: Over all, 667 descriptive codes were extracted, which were later reduced to 36 interpretative codes and then to 8 explanatory codes. Finally, four fundamental constructs of structural factors, personal factors, caring institutions and social networks were identified. Conclusion: The experiences of the participants showed that although individual factors are important and could influence suicide prevention, the structural and socio-cultural contexts which are out of individuals control are significant as well.
Return to Play after Modified Broström Operation for Chronic Ankle Instability in Elite Athletes

Background This study assessed the average time to return to training and official game participation after modified Broström operation (MBO) in elite athletes. Methods Sixty athletes diagnosed with lateral ankle instability underwent MBO from October 2011 to December 2013. Their average age was 19.3 years, and the average follow-up time was 28.8 months. We measured the time sequence of three phases of rehabilitation: start of personal training, start of team training, and start of the first official game after recovery. Patients were divided into an early return to play (RTP) group and late RTP group. The groups were compared to identify possible risk factors affecting the RTP time. Results The mean length of time to return to personal training was 1.9 months, return to team training was 2.9 months, and return to competitive play was 3.9 months. There were no significant differences of any variables including age, sex, body mass index, level of sports, grade of instability, presence of os subfibulare, and preoperative functional score between the early RTP and late RTP groups. Conclusions The RTP was 83.3% at 4 months after lateral ankle ligament repair and 100% at 8 months postoperatively. The results provide reference data for orthopedic surgeons in evaluating surgical results and informing patients about expectations after surgery in terms of performance level and timing of return to sports.
The Effects of PBL on Learning Biology in Qatar

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of PBL instruction on 12th grade students’ academic achievement, problem-solving skills and Self Directed Learning (SDL) in the unit of genetics and inheritance after controlling for students' achievement level. Quasi experiment with non-equivalent control group, and pretest and posttest design was used for this study.The study concluded that PBL students appeared to be better compared to the conventional students in terms of academic achievement, problem-solving skills and SDL. The implication of the study suggested that PBL is seen effective in learning genetics and inheritance unit for 12th grade students in Qatari schools. It suggested that PBL approach should be widely used in teaching and learning of other biology topics in the curriculum.
With other people’s money: Campaign financing as an agency problem

Agency theory explanations for corporate political activity assume that managers distort resource allocation to invest in political connections to pursue personal benefits. While distorted resource allocations yield poor earning quality, we expect that companies with efficient governance may curb this opportunistic behavior. We used matching procedures to identify the effects of financing political campaigns on the earning quality of the firm. We assembled an original panel of listed firms in Brazil from 1998 to 2013. We found that firms that donated to electoral campaigns had a lower earning quality than nondonor firms. Firms with superior corporate governance instruments were able to reduce the harmful effects on earning quality. These results support the tenets of agency theory in explaining why firms engage in politics.
A prospective study on radiological and functional outcome of Bi-malleolar fractures: A study on 50 cases

Introduction: Of all the lower limb fractures ankle fractures are one of the most common accounting for almost 9% with the annual incidence being 107-187 per 1 lakh population. Treatment of this fracture is complicated and challenging as the outcome will influence the locomotive power. Improper and inadequate fixation can cause long term disability as body weight is transmitted through it. Aim of study: To assess the functional and radiological outcome of displaced bimalleolar ankle fractures and to assess the rate of complications. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done at the Department of orthopaedics in K.R. Hospital, Mysuru after obtaining informed consent from patients. A total of 50 patients between the age of 18-50 years were treated with Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with various methods for bimalleolar fracture between August 2017- January 2018; These patients were followed for 12 months and evaluated based on union rate, complications (Infections, Nonunion) and functionally by Baird and Jackson ankle scoring system. Results: In our study of 50 patients, bimalleolar ankle fractures treated by ORIF by various methods were followed up for 12 months. In our study, majority were males (72%). Mean age group included in the study was 33 years. In majority of patients, the mode of injury was RTA (72%) and most common fracture type being AO Type 44 A (56%). As per Baird and Jackson scoring system excellent to good functional outcome was seen in 78.3% individuals with fair outcome in 17.9% and poor outcome in 5.6%. Complications were seen in 9 patients and only two underwent re surgery for non-union. Conclusion: We found that ORIF yielded good results in terms of anatomical reduction, stability and post-operative functional outcome. Hence as per our study we can safely conclude that open reduction and internal fixation should be the treatment of choice for all unstable ankle fractures.