Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of a blunt airfoil wake

The wake of a blunt airfoil has been analysed using a two-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) method. The k −e, Spalart-Allmaras and Partially Resolved Navier Stokes (PRNS) turbulence models were compared along with experimental data. All three models were able to successfully reproduce the effect of vortex shedding on the thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge. However, the simulations do not show as good a comparison in the nearwake region of the airfoil, due to an over prediction of the velocity defect in all cases. The Spalart-Allmaras model provided the best prediction of the intermediate- wake region. The PRNS model persistently underestimates the centreline wake velocity in the intermediate wake.
Petroleum Hydrocarbons Pollution in Soil and its Bioaccumulation in mangrove species, Avicennia marina from Alibaug Mangrove Ecosystem, Maharashtra, India *

This study was carried out to provide information on the status of contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons in the mangrove ecosystem of Alibaug, Maharashtra, India and to assess petroleum hydrocarbon phytotoremediation potential of mangrove species Avicennia marina. Soil and plant sample including leaves, roots and seedlings were collected from eighteen sites, fifteen from the mangrove area and the rest from Akshi beach along the coast of the Arabian Sea during December the year of 2010. Samples were analysed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) using gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (FID). The mean level of TPH in the studied samples was found exceed the average global permissible limit in the soil samples and phytotoxic level in the plant samples . The result showed the level of TPH was in the order Root > Seedling > Leaf > Surface soil > Depth soil indicating TPH uptake by Avicennia marina. The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor values proved the potential of using Avicennia marina for phytoremediation to prevent, control and clean up petroleum hydrocarbons pollutions in the coastal areas.
AR enriches our world : A comparison between creating annotations in AR and 2 D

Augmented reality (AR) being used for displaying annotations on objects has often been researched in various research areas. However, the specific task of creating annotations using augmented reality has not been described in the literature. Hence ,in this paper, I describe a research which is focused on discovering the suitability of creating annotations in AR in general and/or more specifically, annotating paintings in AR. This approach is compared to two traditional methods: Normal annotation (Traditional real-life annotation) and 2D annotation. In order to compare these methods, I describe the implementation of a prototype iOS app called AR Annotator. This app enables users to create annotations in three modes: Normal, 2D and AR. AR Annotator was used in an experiment which was performed by 6 participants on a location of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The generated annotations and accompanying questionnaire results are analyzed and presented. The results indicate that participants found the experience in AR mode more comparable to Normal mode than in 2D mode. The annotations show the same results for the distribution of the relative positions of the annotations. However, other metrics indicate the opposite. Namely, annotations in 2D mode are more comparable to annotations made in Normal mode than in AR mode. From the questionnaire it follows that factors like the limited size and instability of AR objects affect the usability and efficiency of annotating in AR. Therefore, further research is suggested with larger screen sizes and optimized AR experiences. Furthermore, research using larger sample sizes is suggested to provide statistical proof for the question if AR is suitable for the task of creating annotations.
Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Relational Interdependent Self –Construal scale

Relational interdependent self-construal (RISC) can be described as the degree to which the individuals define themselves in terms of their intimate relationships. Due to the significance that this construct and its associated measurement, the RISC scale, have in individual and social processes, we conducted two studies in order to validate the scale for the Portuguese population. The 11 item one-dimensional RISC scale was translated into Portuguese and its psychometric properties were analysed with two samples: 399 participants for Study 1 (62.9% women and 30.8% men, aged between 18 and 59 years - M = 26.4; SD = 8.90) and 292 participants for Study 2 (57.9% women and 42.1% men, aged between 17 and 59 years - M = 26.37; SD = 8.87). The results confirmed the one-dimension scale structure, showing good values of validity and model adjustment (CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.87; NFI = 0.89; RMSEA = 0.09). The RISC-P scale proved to be invariant between gender, and significant differences between genders were found, notably that women have higher values of RISC. The good psychometric indicators and model adjustment validates the use of this version for the Portuguese population in many research settings (e.g. control for social desirability effect, analysis of convergent and predictive validity).
The effects of topical melatonin on oxidative stress, apoptosis signals, and p53 protein expression during cutaneous wound healing

Elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be an important strategy to improve healing of wounds. ROS have an effect on proliferation and cell survival signaling, which results in alteration of apoptotic pathways in cells. Melatonin has antioxidant properties on skin wounds. In our study, we investigated the effects of topical melatonin (3%, w/w) on apoptosis and p53 protein expression together with parameters of oxidative stress in a cutaneous excision wound model. Bcl-2 protein levels in wound tissue at the end of days 3, 7, and 14 were significantly increased, while caspase-3 activity and p53 protein expression in wound tissue at the end of days 3, 7, and 14 were also reduced with melatonin treatment during wound healing. On days 3 and 7 after the wound, malondialdehyde level was reduced and glutathione was increased with melatonin treatment. Melatonin decreased myeloperoxidase levels and increased hydroxyproline levels in wound tissue at the end of day 7. However, melatonin had no significant effect on percentage of wound closure. Considering our results, topical melatonin displays antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and p53-inhibitory effects, but these effects are not sufficient for the acceleration of wound closure.
The long-run dynamics of product and process innovations for a multi-product monopolist

This paper introduces the dynamical framework which combines product and process innovations. The model contributes to the theoretical literature on innovations in two ways. First, it permits for the simultaneous dynamics of both types of innovations which is rarely considered in the literature. Second, the products being generated by the innovations are heterogeneous in their investment characteristics. This allows for the formation of the dynamic interdependency between both types of innovations. As a result, the steady-state levels of process innovations for each product are different and influence the dynamics of product innovations in turn.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of RDX and HMX with nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond pulses

Herein we present some of our initial experimental results obtained from the laser induced breakdown spectroscopic (LIBS) measurements of RDX and HMX using nanosecond (ns), picosecond (ps), and femtosecond (fs) laser pulses acquired without gating and delay. RDX and HMX were mixed with KBr and pellets were prepared for the spectroscopic studies. Nanosecond pulses at 532 nm, ps/fs pulses at 800 nm were used for the experiments. The spectra were collected using Ocean Optics 4000/Maya spectrometer using a UV transmitting, 400 μm core diameter fiber in one case and a combination of lenses to collect the light from plasma in the second case. Several features were observed in the spectra exclusive for each pulse domain. The differences/similarities in the spectra collected using different pulses are presented.
The Impact of Board Structure on Corporate Financial Performance in Nigeria

This study examines the impact of board structure on corporate financial performance in Nigeria. It investigates the composition of boards of directors in Nigerian firms and analyses whether board structure has an impact on financial performance, as measured by return on equity (ROE) and return on capital employed (ROCE). Based on the extensive literature, four board characteristics (board composition, board size, board ownership and CEO duality) have been identified as possibly having an impact on corporate financial performance and these characteristics are set as the independent variables. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression was used to estimate the relationship between corporate performance measures and the independent variables. Findings from the study show that there is strong positive association between board size and corporate financial performance. Evidence also exists that there is a positive association between outside directors sitting on the board and corporate financial performance. However, a negative association was observed between directors’ stockholding and firm financial performance measures. In addition, the study reveals a negative association between ROE and CEO duality, while a strong positive association was observed between ROCE and CEO duality. The study suggests that large board size should be encouraged and the composition of outside directors as members of the board should be sustained and improved upon to enhance corporate financial performance.
Anticancer Activity of Some Marine Macroalgae in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines (HepG2)

In the present study, overcome on liver cancer and other types of cancer by foods that have bioactive chemical components is the most important trend. The marine organisms can give us this opportunity. In this study, we collected some water samples to assess the environmental impacts on the biota existed in red sea cost. The measurements demonstrated that, the habitat was healthy and not effected by any biotic or abiotic stressors. Also, we screened some methanolic extracts of some marine macro-algae on liver cancer cell line. The results showed a good impression about Jania Rubens – red algae – has LC 50 8.61 µg/mL followed by Hydroclathrus Clathratus – brown algae – 17 µg/mL, then Sargassum Cinereum – brown algae – 18.2 µg/mL. Finally, Scinaia Fascularis , – red algae – at value 43 µg/mL. We recommend that, the isolating of the bioactive compounds extracted from these algae will be needed in traditional medicinal field.
Mixing and dissipation in particle-driven gravity currents

Results are presented from a high-resolution computational study of particle-driven gravity currents in a plane channel. The investigation was conducted in order to obtain better insight into the energy budget and the mixing behaviour of such flows. Two- and three-dimensional simulations are discussed, and the effects of different factors influencing the flow are examined in detail. Among these are the aspect ratio of the initial suspension reservoir, the settling speed of the particles, and the initial level of turbulence in the suspension. While most of the study is concerned with the lock-exchange configuration, where the initial height of the suspension layer is equal to the height of the channel, part of the analysis is also done for a deeply submerged case. Here, the suspension layer is only one-tenth of the full channel height. Concerning the energy budget, a careful analysis is undertaken of dissipative losses in the flow. Dissipative losses arising from the macroscopic fluid motion are distinguished from those due to the microscopic flow around each sedimenting particle. It is found that over a large range of settling velocities and suspension reservoir aspect ratios, sedimentation accounts for roughly half of all dissipative losses. The analysis of the mixing behaviour of the flow concentrates on the mixing between interstitial and ambient fluid, which are taken to be of identical density. The former is assumed to carry a passive contaminant, whose dispersion with time is analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of Lagrangian markers. The simulations show the mixing between interstitial and ambient fluid to be more intense for larger values of the particle settling velocity. Finally, the question is addressed of whether or not initial turbulence in the suspension may exert a significant effect on the flow evolution. To this end, results from three simulations with widely different levels of initial kinetic energy are compared. While the initial turbulence level strongly affects the mixing within the current, it has only a small influence on the front velocity and the overall sedimentation rate.
The relationship between inequality of educational opportunities and inequality of educational outcomes

Social stratification research has long been concerned with the relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and offspring’s educational attainment (Breen and Jonsson, 2005; Hout and DiPrete, 2006). A strong positive association between the two implies that respondents with higher SES backgrounds are more likely to achieve higher levels of education than respondents with lower SES backgrounds. For this reason, the strength of the relationship is often termed ‘Inequality of Educational Opportunity’ or IEO (Boudon, 1974; Mare, 1981). IEO can be measured in a variety of ways, and these different measures tend to lead to seemingly different conclusions. This chapter will focus on two of these measures of IEO: the association between family SES and the highest achieved level of education, and the association between family SES and probabilities of passing from one educational programme to the next. These will be called Inequality of Educational Outcome (IEOut) and Inequality of Educational Opportunity proper (IEOpp) respectively, while IEO will be used as a generic term. IEOut focusses on the end result of the educational process, which is often of interest as this result, the highest achieved level of education, is the most visible result of education in subsequent areas of life like the labor market or the marriage market. IEOpp focusses on the process of attaining education. Attaining a level of education is something that typically happens over a long period of time and is usually split up into different steps, for example finishing primary eduction, finishing secondary education, etc. Knowing the influence of SES at each of these transitions can give a more complete picture of how IEO came about. So, these two measures of IEO capture different aspects of IEO: IEOut describes inequality of the outcome of the process of attaining education, while IEOpp describes inequalities in that process itself. The aim of this chapter is to show how estimates of IEOpp and IEOut can com-
Framing and the Malleability of Privacy Choices

Policy approaches for addressing emerging consumer privacy concerns increasingly rely on providing consumers with more information and control over the usage of their personal data. In three experiments, we evaluate the efficacy of such mechanisms in the face of subtle but common variation in the presentation of privacy choices to consumers. We find that consumers’ decision frames and thus, their propensity to select privacy protective alternatives can be subtly but powerfully influenced by commonplace heterogeneity in the presentation of privacy choices. Our results suggest that choice mechanisms alone may not reliably serve policy maker goals of protecting consumers’ privacy in the face of emerging data practices by firms. 1
Use of Dietary and Herbal Supplements among Elderly Ghanaians in the Keta Municipality

Background: Globally, dietary and herbal supplements (DHS) are used frequently by adults and especially the elderly to control and prevent chronic disease. However, little is known about DHS use in sub-Saharan Africa. We estimated the prevalence and frequency of DHS use among elderly residents of the Keta Municipality in Ghana. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was administered to 580 male and female elderly (65+ years) residents in the Keta municipal area in the Volta region. Respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling approach involving random selection of sub-municipalities, communities and individuals at each level. The survey tool developed for the study collected recall data on socio-demographic characteristics; DHS use behaviour, health history, and reasons for using DHS. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent determinants of DSH use. Results: About 42% of respondents reported use of a DHS in the last month. Almost 90% of users reported use of multivitamin or mineral supplements. More than 90% reported taking their supplement on a daily basis and more than 65% of users took supplements at least twice daily. Elderly who have completed secondary school or higher level of education were significantly more likely to use any DHS (OR=4.9; 95% CI: 2.08, 4.93). Those who were regularly taking medicines for any diagnosed disease were more likely to also take supplements (OR=17.9; 95% CI: 10.0, 32.0). The main reasons for using DHS was to improve health (90.5%). About half of DHS users identified health workers as their prescribing source (59.5%). However, 30% of all users indicated self-prescription for DHS. Conclusion: Multivitamin supplements and to a less extent, herbal supplements are used regularly by almost half of elderly Ghanaians residing in the Keta Municipality. The public health system needs to recognize this frequent use of DHS and to assure safety in their use among this critical age group.
ASPECTS OF ENDEMIC FRESHWATER FISH FAUNA OF MAHARASHTRA STATE THE LIST OF FISH SPECIES GIVEN ARE NOT ONLY ENDEMIC TO MAHARASHTRA *

The generated information on endemic freshwater fish biodiversity of Maharashtra will help the student, researchers, planners and policy makers to frame conservation and management strategies. The present work will form a basis for further studies. Probable additions and / or deletions in the number of species are possible after detailed field surveys and after resolving taxonomic ambiguities. The district wise endemic fish should be declared in order to create awareness and conserve the endemic diversity. Further stream wise detailed surveys are necessary for documenting the diversity and understanding of resource for proper planning, sustainable utilisation and conservation.
Investigating Factors Affecting Environmental Behavior of Urban Residents: A Case Study in Tehran City- Iran

Environmental problems such as air and water pollution, urban garbage and climate changes in urban areas are the results of human behavior. Only change in human behavior can reduce these environmental problems. Thus studying attitude and behavior of people is a precondition to change this situation. So the main objective of this study was to find out individual and social factors affecting environmental behavior of urban citizens. To achieve this objective a conceptual framework derived out from review of literature to examine relationships among personal factors, attitude towards environment and environmental behavior. To examine this conceptual model, 1200 individuals of Tehran residents were randomly chosen and interviewed about their environmental behaviors, opinions, knowledge and sources of information on environment. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis, student’s t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and path analysis by SPSS software. It is emerged from the present study that education and improving problem-based knowledge of Tehran residents can change their environmental attitude and increase their feeling of stress towards environment. These changes in turn improve their preparedness to act friendly with the environment, particularly with the help of environmental legislation. Results of the study showed that environmental behavior of people in urban areas directly and indirectly are under the influence of variables like age, gender, income, education, problem-based knowledge, environmental legislation, environmental attitude, feeling of stress and preparedness to act of the residents. All these together can influence and change peopleâs behavior to preserve urban environment.
Morphological and histochemical study of the masseter muscle after occlusal alteration

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in the masseter muscle of 30 male guinea-pigs submitted to occlusal alteration. The animals were divided into 2 equal groups, the control group (C) only submitted to surgical stress, and the occlusal altered group (T) submitted to teeth extraction. Each group was subdivided into 3 groups, with 5 animals, for the following studies: macroscopy and vessels distribution, light microscopy and histochemical analysis, with animals’ perfusion 2 months after surgery. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Macroscopically, an anteroposterior orientation of the muscular fibers was found and statistical difference between C and T groups in width (p<0.05). Microscopically, C and T groups showed polygonal muscular fibers with variable diameters, and on the left side of the T group these differences were more pronounced. Histochemically, in both groups, the prevalence of intermediate reactivity fibers and several high reactivity fibers spread out in the deeper area was observed, with no significant differences between superficial fibers on both sides of C and T groups. It was possible to conclude that the masseter muscle in guinea-pigs was sensible to functional chewing alteration. BIOCELL 2007, 31(3): 375-382 ISSN 0327 9545 PRINTED IN ARGENTINA