Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Charting the New Territory of Adaptive Co-management: A Delphi Study

Complex systems understanding implies a world characterized by dynamic, nonlinear interactions, discontinuities, and surprises. Such conditions are not amenable to conventional resource management approaches that stress command-and-control, and therefore, novel governance approaches more suited to complexity and uncertainty are required. Adaptive co-management has emerged as an interdisciplinary response to this need, and blends the adaptive management and collaborative management narratives. However, concepts associated with adaptive co-management are relatively new and quickly expanding from multiple perspectives. The objective of this paper is to take stock of this relatively recent concept and synthesize current thinking in terms of: (1) the core components of adaptive co-management, (2) emerging research directions, (3) the barriers to implementation of adaptive co-management, and (4) criteria for success. To explore these four areas, a three-round, classical Delphi process was administered with an expert panel of 30 individuals. All members of the expert panel initially responded to open-ended questions, and the qualitative results were analyzed using QSR NVIVO. The subsequent two rounds of the Delphi required quantitative responses in which the expert panel was asked to indicate the level of importance using a seven point likert scale associated with specific items. Results of the Delphi survey reveal a high degree of consensus on several core areas within this emerging interdisciplinary governance approach. Results of this research should foster precision with respect to employment of the term, foster scholarly discourse, and indicate areas of practical importance to adaptive co-management.
Investigating Income Effects in Scanner Data: Do Gasoline Prices Affect Grocery Purchases?

There is much discussion in the popular press about how consumers adjust their purchase decisions for items from lattes and restaurant meals to which type of meat to purchase for dinner during times of rising fuel prices. 1 While analysts ascribe declines in retail sector profits when fuel prices rise to changes in demand elasticity, most empirical analysis of consumer choice for such daily items abstracts from inter- temporal income effects. Instead, fuel prices are used in demand estimation as exogenous shifters of production costs, and therefore valid instruments for identifying demand parameters. Though introspection and popular press suggest that sharp changes in fuel costs may shift price sensitivity in nonfuel purchases through an income effect, little empirical work has been done to estimate or quantify this effect. 2
Appropriate for All Viewing Audiences? An Examination of Violent and Sexual Portrayals in Movie Previews Featured on Video Rentals

A content analysis of movie previews on video rentals was conducted to examine the prevalence of violence and sexuality. The majority of previews contained violence, and these portrayals were common across MPAA ratings (G/PG, PG-13, and R). Sexuality was also prevalent, though less frequent than violence, and most likely to appear in PG-13 and R-rated previews. Rates of aggression in previews were positively associated with increased marketing and distribution costs for the previewed films. Results are discussed in terms of the marketing of violent entertainment to youth and in terms of the use of violence to increase viewers' anticipated enjoyment.
Decadal Change of the Spring Snow Depth over the Tibetan Plateau: The Associated Circulation and Influence on the East Asian Summer Monsoon*

Abstract The decadal change in the spring snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau and impact on the East Asian summer monsoon are investigated using station observations of snow depth data and the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis for 1962–93. During spring (March–April), both the domain-averaged snow depth index (SDI) and the first principal component of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis exhibit a sharp increase in snow depth after the late 1970s, which is accompanied by excessive precipitation and land surface cooling. The correlation between SDI and precipitation shows a coherent remote teleconnection from the Tibetan Plateau–northern India to western Asia. It is found that the increased snow depth over the plateau after the mid-1970s is concurrent with a deeper India–Burma trough, an intensified subtropical westerly jet as well as enhanced ascending motion over the Tibetan Plateau. Additional factors for the excessive snowfall include more moisture supply associated with the intensification of the south.
Social reporting, engagements, controversies and conflict in an arena context

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate relationships between engagement activities and social reporting practices in a controversial and environmentally sensitive industry. The interactions investigated were not restricted to stakeholder relationships but included other communications between different stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach - This paper presents a case study approach framed within a contested political arena. Data were gathered using multiple methods including interviews with salmon farming organisations, stakeholders, rule-enforcers, issue amplifiers and political institutions. Findings - All arena participants used social reports in their interactions to communicate the social, environmental and economic consequences of salmon farming. Different social reporting practices appeared to be reflexively related to the competing motivations of different stakeholders. However, social reporting in Scottish salmon farming was fragmented, driven by many different factors and did not necessarily lead to a resolution of the conflicts within this arena. Research limitations/implications - Researching social reporting should consider the co-existence and co-evolution of different social reports, competing motivations and engagement tactics of stakeholders. This paper identifies the construction of holistic reports from multiple reports and issue amplification as two research methods to engage in social and environmental policy debates. Originality/value - This paper presents empirical evidence from an under-researched industry, which has the potential to develop the theoretical understanding of social reporting. It also introduces the arena concept as a useful tool in further social reporting research.
Determinants of Intention to Use Post Partum Family Planning among Women Attending Immunization Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Background The period immediately after childbirth offer a window of opportunity for counseling and adoption of family planning. Little is currently known about intention of women particularly in Nigeria to adopt PPFP and factors associated with such intentions. Nevertheless, this information is vital to the design of strategies to increase the uptake of PPFP. Objectives: The study assessed the factors associated with the intention of women in south-west Nigeria to use post partum family planning (PPFP). Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out between September to November, 2014. Systematic sampling technique was employed to recruit 444 women attending immunization clinic of Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection and data analysis was done using SPSS version 17. Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis while binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Result: Most (65.0%) of the respondents had intentions to use PPFP. Intention to use PPFP was significantly associated with respondents’ social class (AOR; 2.67, 95% C.I; 1.11-6.42), their age (AOR; 0.43, 95% CI; 0.20 – 0.91), their level of awareness about PPFP (AOR; 0.15, 95% C.I; 0.08-0.28) and their prior use of any family planning method (AOR; 4.48, 95%C.I; 2.61-7.69). Conclusion: Most women in the south western part of Nigeria had intention to adopt post partum family planning, thus family planning policies should be focused on women in their extended postpartum periods. To be very effective, such efforts should particularly target women in middle socio-economic class who are less than 30 years of age and those who had ever used any family planning method.
A Dynamical Systems Perspective on Goal Involvement States in Sport

Based on the dynamical systems perspective, the present study aimed to explore how states of involvement toward mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals (Elliot & Church, 1997) flow, are interrelated, and are activated during a practice judo combat. Using a retrospective video recall method, two male national level judo competitors expressed on a computer their moment-to-moment level of involvement toward each goal. Self-confrontation interviews also based on the video were immediately conducted. Analyses of variance revealed differences in levels of each goal between periods of the combat. Windowed cross-correlation analyses showed that the patterns of relationships between the time series of the different goals considered two-by-two included either high positive, high negative, or zero correlations, depending on the moment. Qualitative data analyses supported these findings and suggested that goal involvement states emerged and fluctuated according to the ecological constraints of .
Strategic Suppliers' Technical Contributions to New Product Advantage: Substitution and Configuration Options

Current theory lacks clarity on how different kinds of resources contribute to new product advantage, or how firms can combine different resources to achieve a new product advantage. While several studies have identified different firm-specific resources that influence new product advantage, comparatively little research has explored the contribution of strategic supplier resources. Combining resource-based and relational perspectives, this study develops a theoretical model investigating how a strategic supplier's technical capabilities impact focal firm new product advantage and how firms combine different resources to gain this advantage. The model is tested using detailed survey data collected from 153 interorganizational new product development projects in the United Kingdom within which a strategic supplier had been extensively involved. Empirical results support our research hypotheses. First, supplier technical performance is shown to have a significant positive impact on new product advantage. Next, we show that while supplier technical capabilities have a positive influence on supplier technical performance, the a priori nature of the supplier's task moderates the relationship. Finally, our data support our hypotheses related to the positive relationship between relationship-specific absorptive capacity and new product advantage, and the proposed negative moderation of supplier technical capabilities on this relationship. Based upon these findings, we encourage managers to recognize that strategic suppliers' with greater technical capabilities perform better regardless of the degree of creativity required by their task; but that strategic suppliers with lower technical capabilities may partially compensate (substitute) for their lack of technical capabilities, if they are able to respond to high problem-solving task requirements. Furthermore, we suggest that the firm's development of relationship-specific absorptive capacity is much more important when a strategic supplier is less technically capable. A buying firm's relationship-specific absorptive capacity can, according to our data, substitute for low supplier technical capabilities. On the other hand, where the supplier has strong technical capabilities, investments in relationship-specific absorptive capacity have no effect on new product advantage. Our findings reinforce recent calls for research on how firms can combine different resources and capabilities to achieve superior performance
Fostering knowledge sharing through people management practices

This paper focuses on the issue of knowledge sharing, one of the key mechanisms by which knowledge transfer can take place within organizations. The aim of the paper is to identify the people management practices that will be most effective in fostering knowledge sharing. We begin with a theoretical analysis of the socio-psychological aspects of knowledge-sharing behaviour in order to identify the variables that facilitate and encourage sharing. We also include a thorough review of the research to date on knowledge sharing and related behaviours. After identifying the factors expected to influence knowledge-sharing behaviour, we then proceed to detail the key people management practices that, according to theory and research, should be most effective in fostering knowledge sharing in organizations.
Initial Measurements with the PETsys TOFPET2 ASIC Evaluation Kit and a Characterization of the ASIC TDC

For a first characterization, we used the two KETEK-PM3325-WB SiPMs each equipped with a ${3}~{\text {mm}} {\times } {3}~{\text {mm}} {\times } {5}~{\text {mm}}$ LYSO scintillation crystal provided with the PETsys TOFPET2 ASIC evaluation kit. We changed the lower of two discriminator thresholds (D_T1) in the timing branch from vth_t1 = 5–30. The overvoltage was varied in a range of 1.25–7.25 V. The ambient temperature was kept at 16 °C. For all measurements, we performed an energy calibration including a correction for saturation. We evaluated the energy resolution, the coincidence resolving time (CRT) and the coincidence rate. At an overvoltage of 6 V, we obtained an energy resolution of about 10% full width at half maximum (FWHM), a CRT of approximately 210 ps FWHM and 400 ps full width at tenth maximum, the coincidence rate showed only small variations of about 5%. To investigate the influence of the ambient temperature, it was varied between 12 °C and 20 °C. At 12 °C and an overvoltage of 6.5 V, a CRT of approx. 195 ps FWHM and an energy resolution of about 9.5% FWHM could be measured. Observed satellite peaks in the time difference spectra were investigated in more detail. We could show that the location of the satellite peaks is correlated with a programmable delay element in the trigger circuit.
Numerical Simulation of Viscous Sintering by a Periodic Lattice of a Representative Unit Cell

In this paper numerical simulations of the viscous sintering phenomenon are presented, i.e., of the process that occurs (for example) during the densification of a porous glass heated to such a high temperature that it becomes a viscous fluid. The numerical approach consists of simulating the shrinkage of a two-dimensional unit cell which is in some sense representative for the porous glass. Hence it is assumed that the microstructure of the glass can be described by a periodic continuation in two directions of this unit cell. In this way it is possible to obtain insights into the viscous sintering process with respect to both pore size and pore distribution of the material. In particular this model is able to examine the consequences of microstructures on the evolution of the pore size distribution. The major finding is that the pores vanish in order of size one after another-the smallest pores first, followed by the larger ones. Moreover, it is shown that pores with concave boundary parts may initially grow before they start shrinking at a later stage.
Why Nurses Leave Their Work from Governmental Hospitals to Primary Health Care Centers in Gaza Governorates = لماذا يترك الممرضون أعمالهم في المستشفيات الحكومية إلى مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية في محافظات غزة

The study aimed to understand the factors motivating nurses to move from government-run hospitals to primary health care (PHC) centers in the Gaza Governorates. A descriptive analytical method approach was used in all 13 hospitals administered by the Ministry of Health in the Gaza Strip. A total of 105 questionnaires were distributed, representing the entire study population. The results of the study showed that the main causes of nurses’ intention to leave government hospitals for PHCs in the Gaza Strip are the long work shifts, followed by the complex amount and nature of the work, and the fact that a democratic style is applied in hospitals. A statistically significant relationship exists between the work environments within certain departments. This study recommended the following, in order to reduce the rate of nurses’ transitions from government hospitals to PHCs: a review and activation of job descriptions; the provision of nurse managers/supervisors with training programs on the art of management; improving the work environment, in terms of buildings and infrastructure; and improving security and patient care.
ESTIMATING THERMAL REGIMES OF BULL TROUT AND ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE WARMING ON CRITICAL HABITATS

Understanding the vulnerability of aquatic species and habitats under climate change is critical for conservation and management of freshwater systems. Climate warming is predicted to increase water temperatures in freshwater ecosystems worldwide, yet few studies have developed spatially explicit modelling tools for understanding the potential impacts. We parameterized a nonspatial model, a spatial flow-routed model, and a spatial hierarchical model to predict August stream temperatures (22-m resolution) throughout the Flathead River Basin, USA and Canada. Model comparisons showed that the spatial models performed significantly better than the nonspatial model, explaining the spatial autocorrelation found between sites. The spatial hierarchical model explained 82% of the variation in summer mean (August) stream temperatures and was used to estimate thermal regimes for threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) habitats, one of the most thermally sensitive coldwater species in western North America. The model estimated summer thermal regimes of spawning and rearing habitats at <13 C and foraging, migrating, and overwintering habitats at <14 C. To illustrate the useful application of such a model, we simulated climate warming scenarios to quantify potential loss of critical habitats under forecasted climatic conditions. As air and water temperatures continue to increase, our model simulations show that lower portions of the Flathead River Basin drainage (foraging, migrating, and overwintering habitat) may become thermally unsuitable and headwater streams (spawning and rearing) may become isolated because of increasing thermal fragmentation during summer. Model results can be used to focus conservation and management efforts on populations of concern, by identifying critical habitats and assessing thermal changes at a local scale. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. key words: stream temperature; spatial statistical model; climate change; bull trout; Salvelinus confluentus; thermal habitat; Flathead River Basin Received 2 August 2012; Revised 26 October 2012; Accepted 4 December 2012
Trade Costs, Resource Reallocation and Productivity in Developing Countries

An increasing body of evidence indicates that an important share of aggregate productivity growth, in both developed and developing countries, arises from the reallocation of resources across plants of different productivity levels. New trade models with heterogeneous firms (Bernard et al., 2003; Melitz, 2003) suggest that international trade plays an important role in this reallocative process. Focusing on a developing country, Chile, we use explicit measures of trade costs to explore the existence of the channels suggested by these new trade models. We provide new key findings for developing countries: first, trade costs affect the reallocative process by protecting inefficient producers, lowering their likelihood to exit, and also by limiting the expansion of efficient plants, lowering their likelihood to export. Second, the reallocative impacts of trade arise not only from tariff barriers but also from transport costs.
Inhibitory activities of microalgal extracts against Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) antigen expression in lymphoblastoid cells

The inhibitory activities of microalgal extracts against the expression of three EBV antigens, latent membrane protein (LMP)1, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)1 and Z Epstein-Barr reactivation activator (ZEBRA) were assessed by immunocytochemistry. The observation that the methanol extracts and their fractions from Ankistrodesmus convolutus, Synechococcus elongatus and Spirulina platensis exhibited inhibitory activity against EBV proteins in three Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines at concentrations as low as 20 μg/ml suggests that microalgae could be a potential source of antiviral compounds against EBV.
Inter-Regional Wage Differentials in Portugal: An Analysis Across the Wage Distribution

Pereira J. and Galego A. Inter-regional wage differentials in Portugal: an analysis across the wage distribution, Regional Studies. Typically, studies on regional wage differentials are based on ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates. Quantile regression is an alternative approach which allows these differences to be studied across the whole wage distribution. In this study, the quantile regression framework is considered for the analysis of regional wage differences in Portugal. The findings reveal significant differences in wage equations coefficients between regions for the various quantiles. Furthermore, it is concluded that the regional wage differentials and the components explained by differences in endowments and differences in returns increase across the whole wage distribution.
Transport of phosphorus and nitrogen in surface runoff in a corn silage system: Paired watershed methodology and calibration period results

Jokela, W. E and Casler, M. D. 2011. Transport of phosphorus and nitrogen in surface runoff in a corn silage system: Paired watershed methodology and calibration period results. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 479-491. Transport of P, N, and sediment via runoff from crop fields, especially where manure has been applied, can contribute to eutrophication and degradation of surface waters. We established a paired-watershed field site to evaluate surface runoff losses of nutrients and sediment from different manure/crop/tillage management systems for silage corn production. During the 2-yr calibration period the four 1.6-ha watersheds, or fields, were treated identically with fall dairy manure application and chisel plowing, and runoff was monitored, sampled, and analyzed for suspended sediment (SS) and total and dissolved forms of P and N. That management was maintained as a control in one watershed, while alternative management systems were initiated on the three treatment fields. During the calibration period both concentrations and loads of SS and total and dissolved P and N varied by field and over 50% of runoff and dissolved P and N was from snowmelt runoff. Linear regressions of treatment fields against the control field were highly significant for runoff and concentrations and loads of all constituents. The estimated minimum detectable change (difference between means) was 10 to 30% for most parameters, suggesting a reasonable probability of success in detecting change in the treatment period.