Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dynamic role of personality states in mediating the relationship between extraversion and positive affect.

One of the most noteworthy and robust findings in personality psychology is the relationship between extraversion and positive affect. Existing theories have debated the origins and nature of this relationship, offering both structural/fixed and environmental/dynamic explanations. We tested the novel and straightforward dynamic hypothesis that part of the reason trait extraversion predicts trait positive affect is through an increased propensity to enact extraverted states, which in turn leads to experiencing more positive affect states. We report 5 experience sampling studies (and a meta-analysis of primary studies) conducted in natural environments and laboratory settings in which undergraduate participants (N = 241) provided ratings of trait extraversion, trait positive affect, extraversion states, and positive affect states. Results of primary studies and the meta-analysis showed that relationships between trait extraversion and trait positive affect were partially mediated by aggregated extraversion states and aggregated positive affect states. The results supported our dynamic hypothesis and suggested that dynamic explanations of the relationship between trait extraversion and trait positive affect are compatible with structural explanations. An important implication of these findings is that individuals might be able to increase their happiness by self-regulating their extraverted states.
Interpersonal development, stability, and change in early adulthood.

The goal of this research was to explore the development of the interpersonal system mapped by the interpersonal circumplex in early adulthood (ages 18-22). This study uses the Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders sample (N = 250; 53% female). Participants completed the Revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales (Wiggins, Trapnell, & Phillips, 1988) in their freshman, sophomore, and senior years of college. Estimates of structural, rank-order, mean, individual, and ipsative stability were calculated for the broad interpersonal dimensions of Dominance and Affiliation and also the lower order octant scales. Additionally, the interpersonal profile parameters of differentiation and prototypicality were calculated at each wave and explored longitudinally and also used as predictors of interpersonal stability. We found excellent structural and high rank-order and ipsative stability in the interpersonal scales over this time period. Mean increases on the Affiliation axis, but not on the Dominace axis, were found to mask differential rates of change among the octant scales, along with significant individual variation in the rates of change. Interpersonal differentiation and prototypicality were related to higher stability in overall interpersonal style. Results point to evidence of both stability and nuanced change, illuminating some of the features of the structural variables that can be derived from interpersonal circumplex profiles.
Atracurium in the neonate. Dose‐response with halothane

Atracurium in doses of 40, 65, 85 or 100 μg·kg−1 was given to four groups of five neonates anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane. The dose‐response relationship was determined by measurement of the EMG response to train‐of‐four stimulation. The doses calculated to produce 50 and 95% depression of the first twitch response were 56.3 and 101.3 μg·kg−1 respectively. These values are lower than those reported during nitrous oxide/oxygen/narcotic anaesthesia in neonates and older children breathing halothane. The change in train‐of‐four ratio during onset appeared similar to that observed in adults.
Agency-communion and self-esteem relations are moderated by culture, religiosity, age, and sex: evidence for the "self-centrality breeds self-enhancement" principle.

OBJECTIVE Who has high self-esteem? Is it ambitious, competitive, outgoing people-agentic personalities? Or is it caring, honest, understanding people-communal personalities? The literature on agency-communion and self-esteem is sparse, indirect, and inconsistent. Based on William James's theorizing, we propose the "self-centrality breeds self-enhancement" principle. Accordingly, agency will be linked to self-esteem, if agency is self-central. Conversely, communion will be linked to self-esteem, if communion is self-central. But what determines the self-centrality of agency and communion? The literature suggests that agency is self-central in agentic cultures, as well as among nonreligious individuals, men, and younger adults. Communion is self-central in communal cultures, as well as among religious individuals, women, and older adults. METHOD This study examined 187,957 people (47% female; mean age = 37.49 years, SD = 12.22) from 11 cultures. The large sample size afforded us the opportunity to test simultaneously the effect of all four moderators in a single two-level model (participants nested in cultures). RESULTS Results supported the unique moderating effect of culture, religiosity, age, and sex on the relation between agency-communion and self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Agentic and communal people can both have high self-esteem, depending on self-centrality of agency and communion.
Occupational Upper Airway Disorders

The upper respiratory tract, extending from the nares to the larynx, per forms several essential physiological functions, including olfaction, phonation, air condi tioning, filtering, and microbial defense. In the occupational setting, workers are exposed to a wide variety of chemical and biological agents that can have allergic or irritant effects, or both, on the upper airway. This article presents our current understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and management of occupationally related upper airway disorders.
Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of oral lichen planus in the buccal mucosa: relationship between clinicopathological features and histometrical analysis

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is classified into 3 major types: plaque (PLA), reticular (RET), and atrophic (ATR). This study was designed to examine the clinical and histopathological characteristics of these three types of OLP in the buccal mucosa. A total of 375 specimens of OLP (20 PLA, 20 RET, and 20 ATR) and normal buccal mucosal (NBM) were examined histopathologically. Epithelial thickness was less in ART and RET than in NBM. Epithelial thickness in RET was greater than in ATR. Mean numbers of PCNA-positive cells and CD1a-positive cells in the covering epithelium were higher in RET and PLA than in ATR and NBM. PLA, RET, and ATR types of OLP have different histopathological characteristics. Differences among these types might reflect distinct stages of disease.
Prediction Intervals for Future Order Statistics from a Generalized Modified Weibull

Viewing the future order statistics as latent variables at each Gibbs sampling iteration, several Bayesian approaches to predict future order statistics based on type-II censored order statistics, X(1), X(2), …, X(r), of a size n( > r) random sample from a four-parameter generalized modified Weibull (GMW) distribution, are studied. Four parameters of the GMW distribution are first estimated via simulation study. Then various Bayesian approaches, which include the plug-in method, the Monte Carlo method, the Gibbs sampling scheme, and the MCMC procedure, are proposed to develop the prediction intervals of unobserved order statistics. Finally, four type-II censored samples are utilized to investigate the predictions.
Treatment or Acute and Chronic Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterolateral Knee Ligament Injuries

This paper reviews the treatment for symptomatic combined Grade III anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterolateral knee injuries. Due to the high failure rate of ACL reconstructions when injuries to the posterolateral corner are neglected, it is recommended that reconstruction of an acute posterolateral knee complex injury be performed at the time of the acute ACL reconstruction to reduce the chance of ACL reconstruction failure. Treatment options for reconstruction of chronic Grade III posterolateral complex and ACL injuries are more complex and are also reviewed here. The results of combined ACL and posterolateral corner reconstructions in chronic cases are still preliminary, and further research is necessary to determine the optimal method of reconstruction in these cases.
Use of complementary and alternative therapies by Western Australian cancer patients

Aim: Despite the paucity of controlled trials and possible interference with conventional treatments, complementary and alternative therapy (CAT) use is becoming increasingly popular and many patients do not discuss it with their physicians. Consequently, we examined the incidence and type of CAT use, perceived benefits of use, and the relationship between demographic, clinical or psychological factors and use in Western Australian patients.
A Systematic Approach to Improving Medication Safety in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Safety and quality improvement are major issues in children's hospitals. Improving pediatric medication safety often takes on a larger role in pediatric units than in adult units due to the larger size differences and dose ranges found in a pediatric intensive care unit. This article reviews the literature and our own experience at the CS Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, to improve medication safety. The issues identified include (1) an effective pediatric medication safety governance structure within a larger hospital, (2) practice standardization strategies for physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, (3) use of pharmacy technicians as unit medication managers, which reduces medication costs and decreases nursing time spent hunting for medications, and (4) methods to improve the safety culture in a pediatric intensive care unit.
Arterial lesions of the lower lip

MADAM, The most likely reason in this interesting PUVA patient for the apparent freedom from amiodarone phototoxcity is that the treatment dose of UVA in PUVA has fallen short of the dose required for clinical phototoxicity. In our study, the required dose of monochromator irradiation at 365 ± 30 nm was in the region of 5-10 J/cm^, whereas in PUVA treatments a typical starting dose may be 1-3 J/cm^. An alternative explanation is that the pharmacological handling of amiodarone and its phototoxic metabolite by this patient is rapid, a possible reason for those recognized patients who, despite low skin types and high dosage, do not develop phototoxicity (for example, our Case 10). In Dundee, it is our experience with PUVA that recognized phototoxic drugs, in particular tetracyclines, thiazides, quinine and oestrogens, when taken at normal therapeutic dosages, do not either lower the pre-PUVA minimal phototoxic dosage (MPD) or affect the subsequent phototoxic burn rate. Accordingly, it is our practice not to stop essential phototoxic medication prior to PUVA but to take the precaution of assessing such patients pre-PUVA with an MPD. These observations are in line with other workers (Stern et al., 1980) although they, in a large study, while demonstrating no difference between burning episodes in phototoxic medication takers during the clearing phase of PUVA and non-drug taking PUVA patients, did report that, during the maintenance period, elderly patients on photoactive drugs had a slight increased likelihood of discontinuing PUVA because of burns. That such medication is safe when exposed to high intensity UVA such as is used in sunbeds is, of course, a different matter entirely (Rosen & Swanbeck, 1981). It is likely, as in our Case 6, that the much higher UVA dosages used will induce clinical phototoxicity. Dr Boyle's case illustrated the important point that patients taking essential phototoxic medication need not be excluded from PUVA.
Population-based Analysis of Treatment and Survival in Women Presenting With Brain Metastasis at Initial Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Purpose:Brain metastasis at initial breast cancer diagnosis is rare. This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics of these patients and identify prognostic and treatment factors associated with improved survival. Methods:Subjects were 35 women referred from 1996 to 2005 with newly diagnosed breast cancer with synchronous brain metastasis. Overall survival (OS) and brain progression-free survival were examined using Kaplan-Meier methods and compared between subgroups with different clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics using log-rank tests. Results:Median age was 65 years. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone was used in 25 patients, surgical resection and postoperative WBRT in 5 patients, and no or unknown treatment in 5 patients. Patients who underwent cranial resection were more likely to have solitary brain metastasis (P=0.003) and no visceral involvement (P=0.006). Overall, median OS was 6.8 months and median brain progression-free survival was 6.5 months (range, 0.7 to 54 mo). Median OS were 15 months with surgery and postoperative WBRT, 5 months with WBRT alone, and 3 months with no brain treatment. Longer OS was observed with age below 65 years versus 65 years and above (11 vs. 5 mo, P=0.046), 0 to 1 versus ≥2 sites of extracranial metastasis (10 vs. 3 mo, P=0.047), and diagnosis from 2001 to 2005 versus 1996 to 2000 (10 vs. 3 mo, P=0.018). A trend toward improved OS was observed in patients with no visceral involvement (11 vs. 4 mo, P=0.09). Conclusions:In this unique cohort presenting with breast cancer and synchronous brain metastasis, longer survival were observed with young age, limited extracranial metastasis, and no visceral disease. These characteristics may be used to select candidates for more aggressive treatment.
Comparison of robust tests for genetic association analysis incorporating uncertain genotype

ABSTRACT Genome-wide association studies are effective in investigating the loci related with complex diseases. Sometimes, the genotype is not exactly decoded and only genotype probability is obtained. In this case, F-test based on imputed genotype is usually used for the association analysis. Simulations show that existing methods such as the dosage test have poor performance when the genetic model is misspecified. In this study, we develop a robust test to detect the association of a disease and genetic loci while the genotype is uncertain and the genetic model is unknown.
Accounting for phase I sampling variability in the performance of the MEWMA control chart with estimated parameters

ABSTRACT In this article, we assess the performance of the multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control chart with estimated parameters while considering the practitioner-to-practitioner variability. We evaluate the chart performance in terms of the in-control average run length (ARL) distributional properties; mainly the average (AARL), the standard deviation (SDARL), and some percentiles. We show through simulations that using estimates in place of the in-control parameters may result in an in-control ARL distribution that almost completely lies below the desired value. We also show that even with the use of larger amounts of historical data, there is still a problem with the excessive false alarm rates. We recommend the use of a recently proposed bootstrap-based design technique for adjusting the control limits. The technique is quite effective in controlling the percentage of short in-control ARLs resulting from the estimation error.
A Patient-centered Approach to Evaluate the Information Needs of Women With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Objective: To evaluate the information needs of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients. Methods: Four focus groups involving 24 previously treated DCIS patients were conducted to develop a comprehensive list of questions they felt were important to have answered at the time of diagnosis. Using a survey, a separate group of patients treated for DCIS then rated the importance of having each of these questions addressed before treatment decision making. Response options were “essential,” “desired,” “not important,” “no opinion,” and “avoid. ” For each essential/desired question, respondents specified how addressing it would help them: “understand,” “decide,” “plan,” “not sure,” or “other. ” Results: Focus group participants generated 117 questions used in the survey. Fifty-seven patients completed the survey (55% response rate). Respondents rated a median of 66 questions as essential. The most commonly cited reason for rating a question essential was to “understand,” followed by to “decide. ” The top questions women deemed essential to help them understand were disease specific, whereas the top questions deemed essential to help women decide were predominantly treatment specific, pertaining to available options, recurrence and survival outcomes, and timelines to decide and start treatment. Conclusions: DCIS patients want a large number of questions answered, mostly for understanding, and also for deciding and planning. A core set of questions that most patients consider essential for decision making has been formulated and may be used in the clinical setting and in research to develop educational resources and decision-making tools specific to DCIS.
Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases From Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Targeted Therapy Era: The University of Rochester Experience

Objectives: Radiotherapy remains the standard approach for brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Kinase inhibitors (KI) have become standard of care for metastatic RCC. They also increase the radiosensitivity of various tumor types in preclinical models. Data are lacking regarding the effect of KIs among RCC patients undergoing radiotherapy for brain metastases. We report our experience of radiotherapy for brain metastatic RCC in the era of targeted therapy and analyzed effects of concurrent KI therapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 25 consecutive patients who received radiotherapy for brain metastases from RCC with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), or both. Kaplan-Meier rates of overall survival (OS) and brain progression-free survival (BPFS) were calculated and univariate analyses performed. Results: Lower diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) score and multiple intracranial metastases were associated with decreased OS and BPFS on univariate analysis; DS-GPA is also a prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. There was no significant difference in OS or BPFS for SRS compared with WBRT or WBRT and SRS combined. The concurrent use of KI was not associated with any change in OS or BPFS. Conclusions: This hypothesis-generating analysis suggests among patients with brain metastatic RCC treated with the most current therapies, those selected to undergo SRS did not experience significantly different survival or control outcomes than those selected to undergo WBRT. From our experience to date, limited in patient numbers, there seems to be neither harm nor benefit in using concurrent KI therapy during radiotherapy. Given that most patients progress systemically, we would recommend considering KI use during brain radiotherapy in these patients.
Is categorization of random data necessary for parallel analysis on Likert-type data?

ABSTRACT Random eigenvalues are the key elements in parallel analysis. When analyzing Likert-type data, is it necessary to convert the continuous random data to discrete type before estimating eigenvalues? The study compared the random eigenvalues obtained from continuous and categorized random data from two popular computer programs to be used as the basis for comparison in conducting parallel analysis on Likert-type data. Results indicated that categorized random data gave eigenvalues and number of factors similar to those obtained from continuous random data. It is suggested that when conducting parallel analysis on Likert-type data by the two programs, the conversion is unnecessary.
Phase I Trial Using Induction Ciplatin, Docetaxel, 5-FU and Erlotinib Followed by Cisplatin, Bevacizumab and Erlotinib With Concurrent Radiotherapy for Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

Objectives: Bevacizumab (avastin) and erlotinib (tarceva) had shown early clinical activity against head and neck cancer (HNC). We initiated a phase I trial of induction cisplatin, docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil and erlotinib (TPF-E) followed by cisplatin, bevacizumab and erlotinib (PA-E) with radiotherapy (XRT) for advanced HNC. The goal was to determine maximum tolerated erlotinib dose. Methods: Eligible patients had stage IVA or higher HNC with good performance status, hematologic, and renal reserve. Two cycles of induction TPF-E were administered. XRT was administered with concurrent weekly cisplatin and bevacizumab every 2 weeks. Initial erlotinib dose was 50 mg daily from start of induction chemotherapy until radiotherapy completion. Erlotinib dose escalations to 100 and 150 mg were planned. Results: Thirteen patients with previously untreated locoregional disease (11 patients) or oligometastatic (2 patients) HNC were enrolled. Totally, 11 of 13 patients completed XRT as planned. Four of 8 patients in cohort 1 (erlotinib 50 mg), 3 of 4 patients in cohort 2 (100 mg), and 0 of 1 patients in cohort 3 (150 mg) completed the regimen. Two patients had significant gastrointestinal complications (bleeding and perforation), and 1 had dose-limiting diarrhea. Maximum tolerated dose was reached at 50 mg erlotinib. At median 23.4 months follow-up, 5 patients (38%) have no evidence of disease, and 2 (15%) have stable but measurable disease. Conclusions: Erlotinib in combination with induction TPF followed by erlotinib, cisplatin, and bevacizumab with XRT is active but toxic. Gastrointestinal toxicities partly caused high rates of study withdrawal. All doses studied in this protocol caused unexpected toxicities and we do not recommend advancement to phase II.
School-based cognitive-behavioural interventions: A systematic review of effects and inequalities

Abstract Little is known about the impact of preventive interventions on inequalities in young people’s mental health. We conducted a systematic review of mental health promotion interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered in schools to young people aged 11–19. Meta-analysis of 17 high quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed a reduction in symptoms of depression, which was generally short term. Interventions for people with clinical risk factors or existing symptoms were more effective, with benefits lasting up to six months. We also found that CBT may be more effective for young people from families with middle to high socioeconomic status (SES) than for those from low SES backgrounds. However, this finding was based on a metaregression with only six studies. A lack of long-term follow-up data and a failure to report subgroup analyses prevented further conclusions being drawn about the effect of these types of interventions on mental health inequalities.
Incorporating Self-Efficacy and Interpersonal Support in an Intervention to Increase Physical Activity in Older Women

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the efficacy of five versus one session of Behavioral Counseling in a 12-week intervention to increase self-efficacy and family and friend support for activity, and examine self-efficacy and support as mediators of activity among 46 urban women. Methods: A randomized, controlled trial conducted during 2004 in Omaha, Nebraska. Outcomes were analyzed with Repeated Measures-ANOVA and path analysis. Findings: No significant change was observed in self-efficacy in the five-session group, but a significant decrease was observed in the one-session group (p = .005). Family and friend support increased significantly in the five-session group (p < .001, p = .019). The intervention effect on activity was mediated through change in self-efficacy and family support. Conclusions: Five behavioral counseling sessions maintained self-efficacy and increased family and friend support although the intervention did not directly affect activity. Implications: The intervention can be replicated within various community settings.