Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crustal architecture and geodynamics of North Queensland, Australia: insights from deep seismic reflection profiling

A deep crustal seismic reflection and magnetotelluric survey, conducted in 2007, established the architecture and geodynamic framework of north Queensland, Australia. Results based on the interpretation of the deep seismic data include the discovery of a major, west-dipping, Paleoproterozoic (or older) crustal boundary, considered to be an ancient suture zone, separating relatively nonreflective, thick crust of the Mount Isa Province from thinner, two layered crust to the east. Farther to the east, a second major crustal boundary also dips west or southwest, offsetting the Moho and extending below it, and is interpreted as a fossil subduction zone. Across the region, the lower crust is mostly highly reflective and is subdivided into three mappable seismic provinces, but they have not been tracked to the surface. In the east, the Greenvale and Charters Towers Provinces, part of the Thomson Orogen, have been mapped on the surface as two discrete provinces, but the seismic interpretation raises the possibility that these two provinces are continuous in the subsurface, and also extend northwards to beneath the Hodgkinson Province, originally forming part of an extensive Neoproterozoic-Cambrian passive margin. Continuation of the Thomson Orogen at depth beneath the Hodgkinson and Broken River Provinces suggests that these provinces (which formed in an oceanic environment, possibly as an accretionary wedge at a convergent margin) have been thrust westwards onto the older continental passive margin. The Tasman Line, originally defined to represent the eastern limit of Precambrian rocks in Australia, has a complicated geometry in three dimensions, which is related to regional deformational events during the Paleozoic. Overall, the seismic data show evidence for a continental margin with a long history (Paleoproterozoic to early Mesozoic) but showing only limited outward growth by crustal accretion, because of a repeated history of overthrust shortening during repeated phases of orogenesis.
Headline Popularity with Syntactic and Semantic Knowledge Using MultiTask Learning

Newspapers need to attract readers with headlines, anticipating their readers’ preferences. These preferences rely on topical, structural, and lexical factors. We model each of these factors in a multi-task GRU network to predict headline popularity. We find that pre-trained word embeddings provide significant improvements over untrained embeddings, as do the combination of two auxiliary tasks, newssection prediction and part-of-speech tagging. However, we also find that performance is very similar to that of a simple Logistic Regression model over character n-grams. Feature analysis reveals structural patterns of headline popularity, including the use of forward-looking deictic expressions and second person pronouns.
HUMAN LOWER EXTREMITY DESIGN : ARCHITECTURE OF HUMAN HAMSTRING AND QUADRICEPS MUSCLES

The human quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups are arguably the most thoroughly studied human muscle groups by virtue of their functional and clinical importance. This provides the motivation for us to integrate muscle, joint and tendon properties of the knee as has been accomplished for the wrist (Loren et al. 1996). This will enable us not only to understand the design and function of the knee, but also to recommend rationale interventional procedures that might be used to alter function or alleviate pain.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN HIV

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic, India has second largest burden of HIV illness. Nervous system is most frequent and serious target of HIV infection. Aim: The main aim of our study was to evaluate the occurrence of various neurological manifestations in HIV positive patients and to correlate them with CD4 count at the time of presentation. Materials and methods: This prospective study was carried out for a period of 2 years from January 2014 to December 2016 in the Department of Neurology, Gandhi Hospital, Hyderabad, India. Those patients, who satisfied the inclusion criteria (>18 year of age; HIV positive; any gender) were included in our study. Patients who were HIV positive but having non neurological medical conditions were excluded. Those with various neurological symptoms were subjected to thorough neurological examination, whenever indicated neuroimaging, CSF analysis, NCS, Toxoplasma serology were done. CD4 count was done in all patients. KameraSateesh Kumar, VeenaNarisetty, P. Chandra Shekar, Changala Praveen, AlluriNeeraja. A clinical study of neurological manifestations in HIV positive patients in a tertiary care hospital of Telangana, India. IAIM, 2018; 5(1): 42-49. Page 43 Results: Our study enrolled a total of 1011 HIV positive patients, out of them 354(35%) patients had neurological manifestations. Among them, 239 (67.51%) were male and115 (32.48%) were female. We analyzed patients presented with various neurological symptoms, 187(52%) patients presented with parasthesias. CD4 count was done to all patients. Out of 354 patients, 188 (39.4%) patients had low CD4 count (<200μL). NCS was abnormal in 182 (51.4%) patients. Axonal sensory neuropathy was the most common abnormality found in 82 (45.0%) patients. The most common neurological manifestation was peripheral neuropathy, seen in 166 (46.8%) patients. Conclusion: HIV infection can affect all levels of the neuronal axis. Neurological manifestations are common in 4 th decade of life and males affect more than females. Peripheral neuropathy was the most common neurological manifestation and Tuberculosis was the prominent infectious etiology. Neurological manifestations are seen with low CD4 count and there is a significant correlation between them hence can be stated that, these are the manifestations of the late stage of the disease.
A new dog learns old tricks: RL finds classic optimization algorithms

We ask whether reinforcement learning can find theoretically optimal algorithms for online optimization problems, and introduce a novel learning framework in this setting. To answer this question, we introduce a number of key ideas from traditional algorithms and complexity theory. Specifically, we introduce the concept of adversarial distributions (universal and high-entropy training sets), which are distributions that encourage the learner to find algorithms that work well in the worst case. We test our new ideas on the AdWords problem, the online knapsack problem, and the secretary problem. Our results indicate that the models have learned behaviours that are consistent with the optimal algorithms for these problems derived using the online primal-dual framework.
Phase equilibria of dikes associated with Proterozoic anorthosite complexes

We have investigated the petrogenesis of Proterozoic massif anorthosites through experimental phase equilibria studies of two compositions representative of intrusive bodies associated with anorthosite plutons, an anorthositic dike from the Nain Complex and an average high-Al gabbro composition from the Harp Lake Complex. Experiments on both compositions show that liquidus plagioclase becomes distinctly more albitic with increasing pressure. The anorthositic dike composition does not represent a liquid or a simple suspension of plagioclase in liquid because the phase assemblages and mineral compositions produced in the experiments do not match those in thin section. The discrepancy appears to be caused by large-scale heterogeneity in the dike sample, which is also evident in the whole set of anorthositic dike compositions and may be caused by open-system crystallization. The high-Al gabbro composition has plagioclase, orthopyroxene, and highCa pyroxene in its liquidus at 11.5 kbar. Orthopyroxene crystals formed at l0-l1.5 kbar are similar in major and minor element composition to the most aluminous orthopyroxene megacrysts, and liquidus plagioclase compositions at l0-11.5 kbar overlap the bulk of plagioclase compositions reported for the Harp Lake Complex. These features are consistent with both the orthopyroxene megacrysts and much of the plagioclase crystallizing in lower-crustal or upper-mantle magma chambers from a parental magma similar to the average high-Al gabbro and then intruding upward as mushes or crystal-rich suspensions.
' s personal copy Perceptual organization of speech signals by childrenwith and without dyslexia

Developmental dyslexia is a condition in which children encounter difficulty learning to read in spite of adequate instruction. Although considerable effort has been expended trying to identify the source of the problem, no single solution has been agreed upon. The current study explored a new hypothesis, that developmental dyslexia may be due to faulty perceptual organization of linguistically relevant sensory input. To test that idea, sentence-length speech signals were processed to create either sine-wave or noisevocoded analogs. Seventy children between 8 and 11 years of age, with and without dyslexia participated. Children with dyslexia were selected to have phonological awareness deficits, although those without such deficits were retained in the study. The processed sentences were presented for recognition, and measures of reading, phonological awareness, and expressive vocabulary were collected. Results showed that children with dyslexia, regardless of phonological subtype, had poorer recognition scores than children without dyslexia for both kinds of degraded sentences. Older children with dyslexia recognized the sine-wave sentences better than younger children with dyslexia, but no such effect of age was found for the vocoded materials. Recognition scores were used as predictor variables in regression analyses with reading, phonological awareness, and vocabulary measures used as dependent variables. Scores for both sorts of sentence materials were strong predictors of performance on all three dependent measures when all children were included, but only performance for the sine-wave materials explained significant proportions of variance when only children with dyslexia were included. Finally, matching young, typical readers with older children with dyslexia on reading abilities did not mitigate the group difference in recognition of vocoded sentences. Conclusions were that children with dyslexia have difficulty organizing linguistically relevant sensory input, but learn to do so for the structure preserved by sine-wave signals before they do so for other sorts of signal structure. These perceptual organization deficits could account for difficulties acquiring refined linguistic representations, including those of a phonological nature, although ramifications are different across affected children. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author at: Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 4000, Columbus, OH 43212, United States. Tel. : +1 614 293 0293; fax: +1 614 366 2305. E-mail addresses: nittrouer.1@osu.edu, susan.nittrouer@osumc.edu (S. Nittrouer), lowenstein.6@osu.edu (J.H. Lowenstein).
Astronomical calibration of the Ypresian timescale: implications for seafloor spreading rates and the chaotic behavior of the solar system?

Abstract. To fully understand the global climate dynamics of the warm early Eocene with its reoccurring hyperthermal events, an accurate high-fidelity age model is required. The Ypresian stage (56–47.8 Ma) covers a key interval within the Eocene as it ranges from the warmest marine temperatures in the early Eocene to the long-term cooling trends in the middle Eocene. Despite the recent development of detailed marine isotope records spanning portions of the Ypresian stage, key records to establish a complete astronomically calibrated age model for the Ypresian are still missing. Here we present new high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning iron intensity, bulk stable isotope, calcareous nannofossil, and magnetostratigraphic data generated on core material from ODP Sites 1258 (Leg 207, Demerara Rise), 1262, 1263, 1265, and 1267 (Leg 208, Walvis Ridge) recovered in the equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean. By combining new data with published records, a 405 kyr eccentricity cyclostratigraphic framework was established, revealing a 300–400 kyr long condensed interval for magnetochron C22n in the Leg 208 succession. Because the amplitudes are dominated by eccentricity, the XRF data help to identify the most suitable orbital solution for astronomical tuning of the Ypresian. Our new records fit best with the La2010b numerical solution for eccentricity, which was used as a target curve for compiling the Ypresian astronomical timescale (YATS). The consistent positions of the very long eccentricity minima in the geological data and the La2010b solution suggest that the macroscopic feature displaying the chaotic diffusion of the planetary orbits, the transition from libration to circulation in the combination of angles in the precession motion of the orbits of Earth and Mars, occurred ∼ 52 Ma. This adds to the geological evidence for the chaotic behavior of the solar system. Additionally, the new astrochronology and revised magnetostratigraphy provide robust ages and durations for Chrons C21n to C24n (47–54 Ma), revealing a major change in spreading rates in the interval from 51.0 to 52.5 Ma. This major change in spreading rates is synchronous with a global reorganization of the plate–mantle system and the chaotic diffusion of the planetary orbits. The newly provided YATS also includes new absolute ages for biostratigraphic events, magnetic polarity reversals, and early Eocene hyperthermal events. Our new bio- and magnetostratigraphically calibrated stable isotope compilation may act as a reference for further paleoclimate studies of the Ypresian, which is of special interest because of the outgoing warming and increasingly cooling phase. Finally, our approach of integrating the complex comprehensive data sets unearths some challenges and uncertainties but also validates the high potential of chemostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and biostratigraphy in unprecedented detail being most significant for an accurate chronostratigraphy.
A WSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure photovoltaic device

We report on the photovoltaic effect in a WSe2/MoSe2 heterojunction, demonstrating gate tunable current rectification with on/off ratios of over 104. Spatially resolved photocurrent maps show the photovoltaic effect to originate from the entire overlap region. Compared to WSe2/MoS2 heterostructures, our devices perform better at long wavelengths and yield higher quantum efficiencies, in agreement with Shockley-Queisser theory.
Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Elektriğin Prosedürel Bilgi Konularında Klasik ve Kombinasyon-Enformasyon Akılsal Fonksiyon İşlem Karşılıklarının Teorik ve Deneysel Olarak Belirlenmesi

Fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylarinin ogrenme ve akilsal fonksiyonlarinin gelistirilerek bijektif akil seviyesinin saglanabilmesi icin ogretmen adaylarinin akilsal fonksiyon islemleri nitel durum calismasiyla calismasiyla, teorik ve deneysel datalarin karsilastirilmasiyla, belirlenmistir. Veriler ogretmen adaylarindan elektrigin prosedurel bilgi konularinda acik uclu sorularla hazirlanan olcme aracinin problem cozum teknikleriyle cozumlerinden toplanmistir. Toplanan verilerden ogretmen adaylarinin prosedurel bilgileri arasinda kurabildikleri iliskilerle belirlenen bilgi ve basari duzeyleriyle, akilsal fonksiyon islemlerinin kombinasyon-enformasyon duzeyleri belirlenmistir. Bu duzeylerle, problem cozumlerinden elde edilen kombinasyon-enformasyon bilgi duzeyi ve basari duzeylerinin karsilastirilmalariyla ogretmen adaylarinin elektrigin prosedurel bilgi konularinda kombinasyon-enformasyon akilsal fonksiyon islem karsiliklari belirlenmistir. Klasik akilsal fonksiyon islem karsiliklarinin belirlenmesinde esit duzey araligi kullanilmistir. Klasik bilgi ve basari duzeylerinin bu aralik degerleriyle karsilastirilmasindan, klasik akilsal fonksiyon islem karsiliklari belirlenmistir. Belirlenen islem karsiliklariyla, ogrenme ve akilsal fonksiyonlarin gelistirilerek bijekif akil seviyesinin saglanabilmesi icin oneriler gelistirilmistir.
Diversification strategy and performance studies: results, measures, and sampling design

Product and international diversified firms play a significant role in the world economy. The number of these firms has increased during time and consequently, assessing the relationship between diversification (product and international) and performance has attracted a lot of attention. However, the results of the studies are inconclusive. This might be due to the differences in measures of diversification and performance, measurement problems, and sampling issues. The aim of this paper is to review the results of the diversification and performance studies and specifically, measurement of diversification, performance and sampling design. Through this review some avenues to improve measurement and sampling in diversification and performance studies are suggested.
Effect of Injection Timing, Combustion Chamber Shapes and Nozzle Geometry on the Diesel Engine Performance

Diesel engines are becoming more important for transport and power generation applications as they have high thermal efficiency and lower HC and CO emissions compared to gasoline engines. Also this can handle wide variety of fuel types; hence they can be predominantly used for transportation and power generation applications. Thus, now it has become imperative to improve their fuel consumption and emission characteristics. In this direction several researchers have carried out attempts to improve the thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engines without having to sacrifice their fuel consumption. In diesel engines, air-fuel mixing are quite stringent. Hence, this needs to be addressed and beside required fuel-air mixing improvements in CI engines is possible through changes in injection and combustion chamber geometry. In view of this experimental investigations were carried out to study the effect of injection timing, nozzle and combustion chamber geometry on the performance of diesel engine. By the current study it is concluded that advancing the injection timing appropriately and adopting suitable combination of injector nozzle and combustion chamber configuration would greatly enhance the engine performance, besides reducing emission levels to a great extent.
Comparison of models for estimating genetic parameters and predicting breeding values for birth weight and calving ease in Czech Charolais cattle

The most appropriate model for genetic parameters estimation for calving ease and birth weight in beef cattle was selected. A total of 27 402 field records were available from the Czech Charolais breed. For estimation of genetic parameters for calving ease and body weight, three bivariate models were tested: a linear-linear animal model (L-LM) with calving ease classified into four categories (1 - easy; 2-4 - most dif - ficult), a linear-linear animal model (SC-LM) in which calving ease scores were transformed into Snell scores (Snell 1964) and expressed as percentage of assisted calving (ranging 0-100%), and a bivariate threshold-linear animal model (T-LM) with calving ease classified into four categories (1 - easy, 2-4 - most difficult). All tested models included fixed effects for contemporary group (herd × year × season), age of dam, sex and breed of a calf. Random effects included direct and maternal genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental effect, and residual error. Direct heritability estimates for calving ease and birth weight were, with the use of L-LM, SC-LM, and T-LM, from 0.096 ± 0.013 to 0.226 ± 0.024 and from 0.210 ± 0.024 to 0.225 ± 0.026, respectively. Maternal heritability estimates for calving ease and birth weight were, with the use of L-LM, SC-LM, and T-LM, from 0.060 ± 0.031 to 0.104 ± 0.125 and from 0.074 ± 0.041 to 0.075 ± 0.040, respectively. Genetic correlations of direct calving ease with direct birth weight ranged from 0.46 ± 0.06 to 0.50 ± 0.06 for all tested models; whereas maternal genetic correlations between these two traits ranged from 0.24 ± 0.17 to 0.25 ± 0.53. Cor - relations between direct and maternal genetic effects within-trait were negative and substantial for all tested models (ranging from -0.574 ± 0.125 to -0.680 ± 0.141 for calving ease and from -0.553 ± 0.122 to -0.558 ± 0.118 for birth weight, respectively), illustrating the importance of including this parameter in calving ease evaluations. Results indicate that any of the tested models could be used to reliably estimate genetic parameters for calving ease for beef cattle in the Czech Republic. However, because of advantages in computation time and practical considerations, genetic analysis using SC-LM (transformed data) is recommended.
G-toA Hypermutation in Hepatitis B Virus ( HBV ) and Clinical Course of Patients with Chronic HBV Infection

Chiemi Noguchi,1,2 Michio Imamura,1,2 Masataka Tsuge,1,2 Nobuhiko Hiraga,1,2 Nami Mori,1,2 Daiki Miki,1,2 Takashi Kimura,1,2 Shoichi Takahashi,1,2 Yoshifumi Fujimoto,1,2 Hidenori Ochi,2,3 Hiromi Abe,1,3 Toshiro Maekawa,3 Chise Tateno,2,4 Katsutoshi Yoshizato,2,4 and Kazuaki Chayama1,2,3 1Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and 2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 3Laboratory for Liver Diseases, Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Research Center, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Yokohama, and 4PhoenixBio, Higashihiroshima, Japan
3D atlas and comparative osteology of the middle ear ossicles among Eulipotyphla (Mammalia, Placentalia).

Considerable morphological variations are found in the middle ear among mammals. Here I present a threedimensional atlas of the middle ear ossicles of eulipotyphlan mammals. This group has radiated into various environments as terrestrial, aquatic, and subterranean habitats independently in multiple lineages. Therefore, eulipotyphlans are an ideal group to explore the form-function relationship of the middle ear ossicles. This comparative atlas of hedgehogs, true shrews, water shrews, mole shrews, true moles, and shrew moles encourages future studies of the middle ear morphology of this diverse group.
Improved Knowledge Graph Embedding using Background Taxonomic Information

Knowledge graphs are used to represent relational information in terms of triples. To enable learning about domains, embedding models, such as tensor factorization models, can be used to make predictions of new triples. Often there is background taxonomic information (in terms of subclasses and subproperties) that should also be taken into account. We show that existing fully expressive (a.k.a. universal) models cannot provably respect subclass and subproperty information. We show that minimal modifications to an existing knowledge graph completion method enables injection of taxonomic information. Moreover, we prove that our model is fully expressive, assuming a lower-bound on the size of the embeddings. Experimental results on public knowledge graphs show that despite its simplicity our approach is surprisingly effective.