Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF VERMICOMPOSTS ON PLANT GROWTH

The use of organic matter such as animal manures, human waste, food wastes, yard wastes, sewage sludges and composts has long been recognized in agriculture as beneficial for plant growth and yield and the maintenance of soil fertility. The new approaches to the use of organic amendments in farming have proven to be effective means of improving soil structure, enhancing soil fertility and increasing crop yields. Organic matter are excellent source of plant-available nutrients and their addition to soil could maintain high microbial populations and activities (Pascual et. al. 1997; Zink and Allen 1998) with increased values of biomass C, basal respiration, biomass C:total organic C ratio, and metabolic quotient (qCO2). Crop yields have increased with the corresponding improvements in soil quality from additions of organic matter. Significant yield increases using mulches from coffee husks (Bwamiki, 1998) and increases in productivity using animal manures and hay residues (Johnston et al. 1995) have been reported. Their important roles in the soil and their potentially positive effect on crop yields have made organic amendments a valuable component of farm fertilization and management programs in alternative agriculture. Forms of organic matter used include crop residues as mulches, among others.
Nucleus accumbens dopamine receptors in the consolidation of spatial memory

Nucleus accumbens dopamine is known to play an important role in motor activity and in behaviours governed by drugs and natural reinforcers, as well as in non-associative forms of learning. At the same time, activation of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors has been suggested to promote intracellular events related to neural plasticity. Therefore, in this study we wished to investigate the role of the two classes of dopamine receptors within the nucleus accumbens on the consolidation of spatial information. On day 1, CD1 male mice were placed in an open field containing five different objects and, immediately after three sessions of habituation, the animals were focally injected within the nucleus accumbens with either the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (12.5, 25 or 50 ng/side), or the D2 antagonist sulpiride (25, 50, 75 or 100 ng/side). Twenty-four hours later the ability of mice to discriminate an object displacement was assessed. Both the D1 and the D2 antagonists impaired the ability of mice to detect the spatial change. If the highest doses of the two antagonists were injected 2 h after the end of the last of the habituation sessions, no effect was observed in the reactivity to spatial change examined 24 h later. These data demonstrate that activation of both D1 and D2 receptors within the accumbens is necessary in the early stages of the consolidation of spatial information. The data are discussed in terms of involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine in information processing in the absence of explicit reinforcers.
Immigration Transition and Depressive Symptoms: Four Major Ethnic Groups of Midlife Women in the United States

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between immigration transition and depressive symptoms among 1,054 midlife women in the United States. This was a secondary analysis of the data from two national Internet survey studies. Questions on background characteristics and immigration transition and the Depression Index for Midlife Women were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics including multiple regressions. Immigrants reported lower numbers of symptoms and less severe symptoms than nonimmigrants (p <.01). When controlling for background characteristics, self-reported racial/ethnic identity and immigration status were significant predictors of depressive symptoms (R2 =.01, p <.05).
Computer-assisted dieting: Effects of a randomised controlled intervention

In this pilot study, the effects of two computer-assisted dieting (CAD) interventions on weight loss and blood chemistry were examined among overweight and obese adults. Participants (91 community members, average age 42.6 years) were randomly assigned to CAD-only (a single-session introduction and provision of a dieting software, n = 30), CAD plus an additional four-session self-management group training (CAD+G, n = 31) and a waitlist control group whose members were randomised into the two interventions at the 3-month follow-up (n = 30). A three (group)-by-two (time) repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant group by time interaction during the initial 3-month period. However, the two intervention groups combined showed a significant, though moderate weight loss relative to the control group. Further, although a general improvement was found with regard to the lipid panel results during the first 3 months of the trial, the treatment by time interaction was not significant. A comparison of the developments in the two intervention groups during the 3- to 6-month follow-up time period revealed a tendency towards greater weight regain in the CAD-only condition. The evidence suggests that CAD supports initial weight loss; however, additional self-management training might be necessary to support maintenance.
The use of stimulants and atomoxetine in adults with comorbid ADHD and bipolar disorder

Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists into adulthood in about 50% of the affected children, with high rates of comorbidity with bipolar disorder (BD). Stimulants and atomoxetine (ATX) are effective treatments for ADHD, but their use in adults with comorbid BD (ADHD-BD) has not been extensively studied and may be problematic. Areas covered: The aim of the paper is to summarize the available literature regarding the use of these medications in ADHD-BD adult patients. Results of randomized-controlled and open-label trials, case reports, and case series are reviewed. We also reviewed data relative to some specific issues of this comorbidity in adults, especially substance use disorder, malingering, and stimulants misuse. Expert opinion: ADHD-BD may be associated with more severe symptoms, course, and worst outcome of both conditions. The frequent coexistence with alcohol and substance abuse may further complicate treatment management. Stimulants are the most effective medications for ADHD, but their use may be contraindicated in the presence of a comorbid drug abuse or in patients that simulate or exaggerate ADHD symptoms in order to obtain stimulants for diversion or abuse. ATX may be effective in the treatment of ADHD symptoms in BD patients, with a modestly increased risk of (hypo)manic switches and destabilization of the mood disorder when utilized in association with mood stabilizers. In the majority of the cases, a hierarchical approach is desirable, with mood stabilization preceding the treatment of ADHD symptoms. Although systematic trials on the use of stimulants and ATX in ADHD-BD comorbidity in adulthood are necessary, both treatments should be considered possible options to be carefully evaluated once the patient has been stabilized.
Post‐Transfusion Thrombocytopenia: Its Duration in Splenic and Asplenic Individuals

Previous work in our department showed that after blood transfusion, the platelet count often falls to levels which are clinically significant. The probable site of platelet sequestration was identified as the spleen, and post‐transfusion thrombocytopenia was prevented by blood filters which remove microaggregate debris from the donor blood [1, 2]. Since the duration of the thrombocytopenia has not been investigated, the purpose of the present study was to establish the rate of onset and duration of post‐transfusion thrombocytopenia following packed red blood cell transfusions. In addition, the effect of spleen size, patients' diagnosis and post‐transfusion history were examined. These observations provide interesting new data on the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.
Racial and ethnic diversity in orthopaedic surgery residency programs.

BACKGROUND Although the U.S. population is increasingly diverse, the field of orthopaedic surgery has historically been less diverse. The purpose of this study was to quantify the representation of racial and ethnic minorities among orthopaedic surgery residents compared with those in other fields of medicine and to determine how these levels of diversity have changed over time. METHODS We determined the representation of minorities among residents in orthopaedic surgery and in other fields by analyzing the Graduate Medical Education reports published annually by the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), which provided data for African-Americans from 1968 to 2008, Hispanics from 1990 to 2008, Asians from 1995 to 2008, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders from 2001 to 2008. RESULTS During the 1990s and 2000s, representation among orthopaedic residents increased rapidly for Asians (+4.53% per decade, p < 0.0001) and gradually for Hispanics (+1.37% per decade, p < 0.0001) and African-Americans (+0.68% per decade, p = 0.0003). Total minority representation in orthopaedics averaged 20.2% during the most recent years studied (2001 to 2008), including 11.7% for Asians, 4.0% for African-Americans, 3.8% for Hispanics, 0.4% for American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and 0.3% for Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders. However, orthopaedic surgery was significantly less diverse than all of the other residencies examined during this time period (p < 0.001). This was due primarily to the lower representation of Hispanics and Asians in orthopaedic surgery than in any of the other fields of medicine. CONCLUSIONS Minority representation in orthopaedic residency programs has increased over time for Asians, Hispanics, and African-Americans. In spite of these gains, orthopaedic surgery has remained the least diverse of the specialty training programs considered in this study. While further efforts are needed to determine the factors underlying this lack of representation, we suggest a series of interventions that can be expected to enhance diversity in orthopaedic residencies as well as in the profession as a whole.
Acute exacerbation of ankylosing spondylitis after chlamydial infection in a patient well‐controlled with etanercept

Dear Editor, We would like to report a case of ankylosing spondylitis that was acutely exacerbated after chlamydial infection. A 26-year-old man was admitted to the hospital complaining of ocular pain and left ankle arthralgia. Five years prior, he had been diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. His ankylosing spondylitis symptoms had been well-controlled with etanercept and methotrexate (MTX) for the 2 years prior to admission. One week before admission, he had experienced abrupt onset of ocular pain, left ankle arthralgia and swelling (Fig. 1a). Although we were unable to identify specific aggravating factors in the patient’s history, he reported intermittent voiding discomfort after having sex with a prostitute about 6 weeks prior to admission. In the patient’s previous laboratory tests, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 was positive. Representative laboratory values on admission to the hospital showed leukocyte count of 13 400/mm (normal: 4000–10 000/mm), C-reactive protein was 6.8 mg/dL (normal < 0.5 mg⁄dL), and erythrocyte sediment rate 85 mm/h (normal < 20 mm/h). Markers of hepatitis B, C, VDRL (syphilis test), and human immunodeficiency virus were all negative. In urine analysis, leukocytes were 10–15/high power field. Blood and urine cultures were negative, but urine Chlamydia trachomatis polymerase chain reaction was positive. Musculoskeletal ultrasound revealed joint effusion and tenosynovitis in the left ankle (Fig. 1b,c), so we performed ultrasound-guided aspiration. Acid-fast bacilli stain, Gram stain and culture results of the patient’s joint fluid were negative. Ophthalmic examination showed severe anterior uveitis of both eyes (Fig. 2). On admission, we were unable to rule out infectious diseases based on initial laboratory results and therefore initiated broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, 60 mg/day of prednisolone for severe uveitis and sulfasalazine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and MTX for arthritis. The patient’s etanercept regimen was
Drug use disorders and treatment contact among homeless adults in Alameda County, California.

OBJECTIVES This study estimates the extent and distribution of specific drug problems among homeless adults. METHODS A countywide probability sample of 564 homeless adults received structured interviews that included a standardized assessment of substance use disorders. RESULTS Two thirds of the sample (69.1%) had a lifetime history of a substance use disorder (including abuse of or dependence on alcohol [52.6%] or drugs [52.2%]); half had a current (52.4%) substance use disorder (including alcohol [38.8%] or drugs [31.3%]). Current drug disorders were higher among respondents who were younger, homeless longer, or sampled from the city of Oakland, Calif. Alcohol use disorders were higher among men than among women; surprisingly, drug use disorders were not. CONCLUSION Rates of current drug use disorders for homeless adults were more than eight times higher than general population estimates. However, estimates of drug problems among homeless adults vary as a function of case ascertainment and sampling strategy. Estimates based only on samples from urban areas may overestimate drug problems among the area's larger homeless populations.
Occupational and environmental carcinogens in epidemiology of lung cancer in South Indian population

The present epidemiological study assessed smoking and non-smoking lung cancer patients with pesticide and other environmental exposures as additional risk factors. 152 confirmed lung cancer patients were screened and all patients were divided into four different groups based on epidemiological findings, we found increase in lung cancer incidences in the category where smoking habit with exposure to pesticides was highest ((p =0.0006) followed by smoking habit and environmental carcinogens as risk factor. The incidence of lung cancer increased with age where probability was p<0.025 in the age group of 50-70 years. Pesticides and other carcinogenic exposures are added burdens in smokers as tobacco smoke contains several carcinogenic compounds and heavy metal contaminants such as cadmium, which are harmful to the lungs. This is the first report of our findings which recommends the inclusion of pesticide exposure in relation to/or in combination with smoking habits in epidemiological data. Since tobacco smoke contains heavy metals like cadmium - a known carcinogen and prolonged exposure to pesticides increases cancer incidence in smokers and these are modifiable risk factors in lung cancer that can be counseled.
Semi-automatic method for the determination of total iodine in food.

A simple method for the determination of total iodine in food, based on the catalytic destruction of thiocyanate by nitrite in the presence of iodide, has been evaluated and the colorimetric finish technique automated. Optimum conditions for the destruction of organic matter and the liberation of iodine have been investigated and a set of conditions applicable to the automated finish technique developed. The method, when applied to 160 foods, had a precision of about 10%, a detection limit for iodine of 1 µg per 100 g of food, a mean recovery of added iodide of 90% and an output of about 70 samples per week. The effect of storage conditions on the iodine content of fish and eggs has also been examined, and the effect of some possible interfering substances, such as chloride, bromide and mercury, investigated.
Pineal Function in Burns: Melatonin Is Not a Marker for General Sympathetic Activity

Burn injury in humans or rats is a model of marked elevation of general sympathetic activity for weeks, manifested in part by increased heart rate, metabolic rate, core temperature, and plasma and urinary catecholamines. Plasma melatonin was sampled at 2‐h intervals for 24 h in 9 control subjects and 11 patients with severe burn injury. Daytime melatonin was not different between the groups, but nighttime values were significantly lower in the burn patients. A nocturnal surge was still significant in the patients. Resting heart rate and rectal temperature were elevated in the burn patients. In male Spraguc‐Dawley rats, pineal melatonin content did not differ between controls and those with an experimental burn at 4 h into the light phase nor during the nocturnal surge. Male Syrian hamsters with burns had lower daytime pineal melatonin content than did controls, but the nocturnal surge in pineal melatonin was not significantly different between groups, nor was daytime morning serum melatonin. Sympathetic activity appears partitioned, with that controlling melatonin (nocturnal surge) regulated independently. In agreement with our previous findings in other models, melatonin is not a marker for general sympathetic activity, even following severe burn injury.
ExTaSem! Extending, Taxonomizing and Semantifying Domain Terminologies

We introduce ExTaSem! , a novel approach for the automatic learning of lexical taxonomies from domain terminologies. First, we exploit a very large semantic network to collect housands of in-domain textual definitions. Second, we extract (hyponym, hypernym) pairs from each definition with a CRF-based algorithm trained on manually-validated data. Finally, we introduce a graph induction procedure which constructs a full-fledged taxonomy where each edge is weighted according to its domain pertinence. ExTaSem! achieves state-of-the-art results in the following taxonomy evaluation experiments: (1) Hypernym discovery, (2) Reconstructing gold standard taxonomies, and (3) Taxonomy quality according to structural measures. We release weighted taxonomies for six domains for the use and scrutiny of the community.
Medi-Centers of a Tree

While relatively efficient algorithms are now available for minisum (“median”) and minimax (“center”) network location problems, little attention has been focused on the often realistic cases where both criteria are combined in a single formulation. This paper presents a contribution to the study of such “medi-center” problems. Efficient algorithms are developed for locating a single facility on a tree. The simplicity and efficiency of the algorithms are due to a fundamental convexity property of tree networks.
Ecologia de populações de porco monteiro no Pantanal do Brasil

O porco monteiro chegou ao Pantanal ha cerca de dois seculos e, desde entao, tem sido considerado como a principal especie cinegetica (de interesse para a caca) na regiao. Suas populacoes vivem livres na planicie e independentes da atividade humana, exceto pelo manejo tradicional que age como fator de controle populacional dos rebanhos. Considerando que a especie apresenta potencial para utilizacao economica e que pode vir a compor a pauta de produtos com certificacao de origem no Pantanal, informacoes sobre a ecologia das populacoes presentes na planicie sao estrategicas. Este artigo apresenta um apanhado sobre as informacoes disponiveis a respeito da especie e discute aspectos da dinâmica de suas populacoes, com base em projecoes obtidas utilizando-se o software VORTEX 9.6.
Aminorex and the pulmonary circulation

Aminorex (2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline) is an appetite-suppressing drug which was available in Switzerland from November 1965 to October 1968. In 1967 a sudden 20-fold increase in the incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension was observed in a Swiss medical clinic. It was noticed that a considerable number of these patients had taken aminorex to reduce weight. A similar increase in the incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension was encountered in other clinics in Switzerland, and also in Austria and Germany, where aminorex was available. An increased incidence of the disease has not been reported in countries where this drug was not available. A decline in the incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension has occurred in Switzerland since the withdrawal of aminorex. We have administered a high oral dose of aminorex to rats for up to 43 weeks and to dogs for 20 weeks. A detailed quantitative pathological examination of the heart and pulmonary vasculature in these animals has failed to reveal any evidence of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. Although there is statistical evidence linking aminorex with pulmonary hypertension, there is no proof that aminorex causes hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease in man. It is nevertheless important to enquire into the diet and history of drug ingestion in any patient with unexplained pulmonary hypertension.
The Construction of Fear: Americans' Preferences for Social Distance from Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems∗

Debates about children's mental health problems have raised questions about the reliability and validity of diagnosis and treatment. However, little research has focused on social reactions to children with mental health problems. This gap in research raises questions about competing theories of stigma, as well as specific factors shaping prejudice and discrimination toward those children. Here, we organize a general model of stigma that synthesizes previous research. We apply a reduced version of this model to data from a nationally representative sample responding to vignettes depicting several stigmatizing scenarios, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, asthma, or “normal troubles. ” Results from the National Stigma Study—Children suggest a gradient of rejection from highest to lowest, as follows: ADHD, depression, “normal troubles,” and physical illness. Stigmatizing reactions are highest toward adolescents. Importantly, respondents who label the vignette child's situation as a mental illness compared to those who label the problem as a physical illness or a “normal” situation report greater preferences for social distance, a pattern that appears to result from perceptions that the child is dangerous.
THE INTERACTION PHENOTYPE IN THE DROSOPHILA WILLISTONI–SPIROPLASMA SYMBIOSIS

Both the population and coevolutionary dynamics of hereditary male‐lethal endosymbionts, found in a wide range of insect species, depend on host fitness and endosymbiont transmission rates. This paper reports on fitness effects and transmission rates in three lines of Drosophila willistoni infected with either male‐lethal spiroplasmas or a spontaneous nonmale‐lethal mutant. Overall fitness measures were reduced or unaffected by the infection; however, some infected females produced more offspring in early broods. Maternal transmission rates were high, but imperfect, and varied with a female's age, host line, and spiroplasma type. No evidence for paternal or horizontal transmission was found. If an altered temporal pattern of reproduction is not a factor in countering the loss of spiroplasma hosts through imperfect maternal transmission, persistence of this endoparasitism remains unexplained. Tolerance of the infection and ability to transmit bacteria varied with both host and spiroplasma line. Analysis of the interaction between the spontaneous nonmale‐lethal mutant and its host suggests this symbiosis has undergone coevolution under laboratory culture.