Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of zooplankton production from pig dung optimal dose: renewed medium.

Present study was realized in the aim to optimize of a renewed medium for the production of zooplankton with pig dung. In fact, the experiment was carried out in triplicate in plastic buckets, grouped together by three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) which were fertilized and a control (T0) during 27 days. The buckets were seeded with zooplankton with an initial density of 37 individual/l (Day0). From D12, those of T2 and T3 have sustained a partial and periodical renewal (50%) in the production medium. The treatment T3 was, in addition, fertilized periodically. The zooplankton density evolution is followed up through a sampling, every three days. The results have shown that the renewal followed with a periodical fertilization improved the zooplankton production (p ˂ 0.05) with rotifers predominance. Thus the treatment T3 media offered the best zooplanktonic average density (631 ± 440ind.l-1) as compared to the treatment T2 (392 ± 253ind.l-1). That renewal prevents the pollution of and the congestion of production medium. The adoption of this production technique of zooplankton permitted to get small sized live prey in mass which could be maintained during the period of larval rearing for the aquaculture hatcheries.
Accounting for the species-dependence of the 3500 cm−1 H2Ot infrared molar absorptivity coefficient: Implications for hydrated volcanic glasses

Abstract Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can be used to determine the concentration and speciation of dissolved water in silicate glasses if the molar absorptivity coefficients (ε) are known. Samples that are thin and/or water-poor typically require the use of the mid-IR 3500 cm−1 total water (H2Ot) and 1630 cm−1 molecular water (H2Om) absorbance bands, from which hydroxyl water (OH) must be determined by difference; however, accurate determination of H2Ot and OH is complicated because ε3500 varies with water speciation, which is not usually known a priori. We derive an equation that uses end-member ε3500 values to find accurate H2Ot and OH concentrations from the 3500 cm−1 absorbance for samples where only the H2Om concentration need be known (e.g., from the 1630 cm−1 band). We validate this new species-dependent ε3500 method against published data sets and new analyses of glass standards. We use published data to calculate new end-member ε3500 values of ε3500OH = 79 ± 11 and ε3500H2Om = 49 ± 6 L/mol·cm for Fe-bearing andesite and ε3500OH = 76 ± 12 and ε3500H2Om = 62 ± 7 L/mol·cm for Fe-free andesite. These supplement existing end-member values for rhyolite and albite compositions. We demonstrate that accounting for the species-dependence of ε3500 is especially important for hydrated samples, which contain excess H2Om, and that accurate measurement of OH concentration, in conjunction with published speciation models, enables reconstruction of original pre-hydration water contents. Although previous studies of hydrous silicate glasses have suggested that values of ε decrease with decreasing tetrahedral cation fraction of the glass, this trend is not seen in the four sets of end-member ε3500 values presented here. We expect that future FTIR studies that derive end-member ε3500 values for additional compositions will therefore not only enable the species-dependent ε3500 method to be applied more widely, but will also offer additional insights into the relationship between values of ε and glass composition.
Summer range occupancy modeling of non-native mountain goats in the greater Yellowstone area

Non-native species can have adverse impacts on native species. Predicting the potential extent of distributional expansion and abundance of an invading non-native species can inform appropriate conservation and management actions. Non-native mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in the greater Yellowstone area (GYA) have substantial potential to occupy similar habitats to native Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis). To understand the potential for expansion of mountain goats in the GYA, this study evaluated detection-nondetection data derived from ground-based occupancy surveys of viewsheds partitioned into a grid of 100 × 100 m sampling units. Surveys were conducted over three summer seasons (2011–2013) in two study areas with well-established mountain goat populations. Relationships between scale-specific habitat covariates and mountain goat selection were evaluated to model occupancy and detection probabilities based on mountain goat detections in 505 of the 53,098 sampling units surveyed. Habitat selection was most strongly associated with terrain covariates, including mean slope and slope variance, at a spatial scale of 500 × 500 m, and canopy cover, heat load, and normalized difference vegetation index at a spatial scale of 100 × 100 m. These results provide new insight into multi-scale patterns of mountain goat habitat selection, as well as evidence that mean slope and slope variance are more informative terrain covariates than distance to escape terrain, which has been commonly used in published mountain goat habitat models. The model predicted 9,035 km2 of suitable habitat within the GYA, of which 57% is currently un-colonized. Seventy-five percent of all bighorn observations recorded in the GYA fall within predicted suitable mountain goat habitat. We also estimated that the GYA might have the potential to support 5,331–8,854 mountain goats when all predicted habitat is occupied, or approximately 2.5–4.2 times the most recent abundance estimate of 2,354.
Radiative absorption enhancement of dust mixed with anthropogenic pollution over East Asia

Abstract. The particle mixing state plays a significant yet poorly quantified role in aerosol radiative forcing, especially for the mixing of dust (mineral absorbing) and anthropogenic pollution (black carbon absorbing) over East Asia. We have investigated the absorption enhancement of mixed-type aerosols over East Asia by using the Aerosol Robotic Network observations and radiative transfer model calculations. The mixed-type aerosols exhibit significantly enhanced absorbing ability than the corresponding unmixed dust and anthropogenic aerosols, as revealed in the spectral behavior of absorbing aerosol optical depth, single scattering albedo, and imaginary refractive index. The aerosol radiative efficiencies for the dust, mixed-type, and anthropogenic aerosols are −101.0, −112.9, and −98.3 Wm-2τ-1 at the bottom of the atmosphere (BOA); −42.3, −22.5, and −39.8 Wm-2τ-1 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA); and 58.7, 90.3, and 58.5 Wm-2τ-1 in the atmosphere (ATM), respectively. The BOA cooling and ATM heating efficiencies of the mixed-type aerosols are significantly higher than those of the unmixed aerosol types over the East Asia region, resulting in atmospheric stabilization. In addition, the mixed-type aerosols correspond to a lower TOA cooling efficiency, indicating that the cooling effect by the corresponding individual aerosol components is partially counteracted. We conclude that the interaction between dust and anthropogenic pollution not only represents a viable aerosol formation pathway but also results in unfavorable dispersion conditions, both exacerbating the regional air pollution in East Asia. Our results highlight the necessity to accurately account for the mixing state of aerosols in atmospheric models over East Asia in order to better understand the formation mechanism for regional air pollution and to assess its impacts on human health, weather, and climate.
GEOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC CARBON IN SOUTH ATLANTIC SEDIMENTS FROM DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG

CHN analyses of sediments and rocks sampled during DSDP Leg 75 in the South Atlantic have provided concentrations of organic carbon and atomic C/N ratios of organic matter from two sites. High values of organic carbon were measured in sediments deposited during Neogene and Cretaceous times at Site 530 in the Angola Basin; sediments deposited at other times contain less than 0.5% organic carbon. Development of the Benguela Current and associated upwelling-supported biological productivity is recorded in late Miocene to Holocene sediments which contain 1 to 7% organic carbon. These sediments include debris flows and turbidites composed of predominantly biogenic materials originally deposited on the Walvis Ridge and on the African continental margin. Organic-carbon-rich black shales containing up to 17% organic carbon occur in late Albian to Coniacian turbidite sequences. These Cretaceous black shale layers are commonly several centimeters thick and are separated by bioturbated fine-grained organic-carbon-poor turbidites which are usually much thicker. At Site 532 on the Walvis Ridge, biogenic sediments deposited between late Miocene and Holocene times contain 1 to 9% organic carbon. Fluctuations in the intensity of high biological productivity associated with the Benguela Current are preserved in alternating light and dark layers of sediments. C/N ratios of organic matter in sediments from both sites are typical of marine sources.
NANOSTRUCTURED UNSATURATED POLYESTER USING BLOCK COPOLYMERS: MORPHOLOGY, OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS RELATIONSHIP

Novel nanostructured unsaturated polyester thermosets modified with two poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymers, were developed. Effects of molecular weights and blocks ratio on optical and mechanical properties were reported. It was found that self-assembly or polymerization-induced phase separation mechanisms were followed by the nanostructured thermosetting systems to achieve the final morphology. Relationships between final morphology and optical and mechanical properties of thermosets were examined.
Phosphatases relieve carbon limitation of microbial activity in Baltic Sea sediments along a redox‐gradient

The relationship between phosphatase activity and the element limiting microbial activity (carbon [C], nitrogen [N], or phosphorus [P]) was studied experimentally in sediment from four stations in the Baltic Sea located along a depth transect from oxic to anoxic bottom waters. The role of extracellular phosphatases was assessed by determining the percentages of intact cells that could be labeled with an artificial substrate for phosphatases (i.e., enzyme‐labeled fluorescence 97 phosphatase substrate [ELF]) using a flow cytometer. Phosphatase activity was detected in sediment slurries from all sites either with or without prior incubation under oxic or anoxic conditions. In addition, ELF‐labeled cells were detected in all incubated sediments, indicating that intact cells bearing phosphatases contribute to the phosphatase activity. Phosphatase activities and percentages of ELF‐labeled cells were lower for the anoxic than for the oxic slurry incubations. Phosphatases are likely used to relieve the limitation of microbial activity by utilizable C in these recently deposited, organic C‐rich sediments in the Baltic Sea. In marine sediments overlain by anoxic bottom waters, the biological and chemical mechanisms of P retention are often less efficient than in oxic settings and the P released to relieve C limitation escapes to the overlying water. This explains the ongoing higher P fluxes from sediments overlain by anoxic bottom waters.
Genetic parameters for growth in Charolais calves

Genetic parameters for birth weight (BW), weight at the beginning (WB), in the middle (WM), and at the end of grazing season (WE), as well as weight at the age of one year (WY) were estimated. Data were collected on 319 Charolais calves. The total number of records, including pedigree data (parents and grandparents) was 377 animals. Variance and covariance components were estimated by REML method using the VCE-5 package. The effects of sex, parity and year of birth were included in the models for all traits. Age of calves at the beginning of grazing season was included as linear regression in models for all traits except for birth weight. The age of calves in the middle, at the end of grazing season, and age at approximately one year were included as linear regression in the models for corresponding weights. Direct additive genetic effect was included in models for all traits as random effect. Estimated heritabilities for BW, WB, WM, WE and WY were 0.62 ± 0.06, 0.23 ± 0.09, 0.35 ± 0.08, 0.29 ± 0.07 and 0.23 ± 0.07, respectively.
A plea for self-regulated learning as a process: Modelling, measuring and intervening

Self-regulated learning is regarded as a necessary prerequisite for life-long learning. Some of the existing models consider self-regulated learning as a process (e.g. Zimmerman, 2000; Schmitz & Wiese, 2006). Taking a process perspective on self-regulated learning gives us new insights in selfregulation processes, which allows using suitable methods for measuring self-regulation processes and allows evaluating the effectiveness of training programs more precisely. In this article, we want to advocate the process view on self-regulated learning by explaining its possibilities and advantages. We present a process model, show methods of measuring processes and ways to analyze processes. Specially, we present empirical examples for studies performing a process approach which try to enhance self-regulated learning. Finally, we offer practical advice on developing effective interventions and instruments from a process perspective.
The Nexus between Financial Development and Economic Growth in Lao PDR

The relationship between financial development and economic growth is not conclusive in the existing economics literature. The aim of this article is to test two hypotheses, ‘supply-leading’ hypothesis and ‘demand-following’ hypothesis, using time series data from Laos. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration is used to carry out this task. Our results confirm the presence of feedback effect between both the variables. Financial development promotes economic growth and as a result, economic growth leads to financial development.
Taxonomic Status and Distribution of Apodemus mystacinus (Danford and Alston, 1877) (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey

Morphological, biometrical, karyological, bacular and phallic aspects of Apodemus mystacinus populations in Turkey were studied based on 117 specimens. The biometrical and phallic comparisons confirmed the distinctness of A. m. mystacinus and A. m. epimelas. The UPGMA tree divided populations in Turkey into 2 groups. The distance (D) between A. m. mystacinus and A. m. euxinus was 0.469. A. mystacinus had karyotypic values of 2n = 48, NFa = 50, and NF = 52. Being different from A. m. epimelas, there was a short groove in the dorsal view of the phallus in populations of A. m. mystacinus in Turkey.
STEEL CASING OVERHEATING ANALYSIS OF OPERATING POWER PIPE-TYPE CABLES

This paper discusses the analysis of an overheating problem which has been observed within a 140’ (43 m) long steel pipe casing containing 115 kV three-phase electric power cables. A steel casing electromagnetic field model has been built to determine the induced current (eddy currents) distribution along the radial, transverse, and longitudinal directions of the casing caused by the energized cables under different operating conditions. This model takes the combined effects of the inductive, conductive, and capacitive interference into account. This study involved a circuit model to determine the voltage and current distributions in the conductors of the buried power cables. Furthermore, a detailed analytical model of the cylindrical steel casing (assuming an infinitely long casing) was conducted to determine the actual paths of eddy current flow and their density throughout the cross section from the inner surface to the outer surface of the steel casing. The computation results show that induced currents in the steel casing can cause significant heat losses and that the exact distribution of the induced current density within the steel casing plays a crucial role in the heat losses generated by such currents.
Institutional Demand Pressure and the Cost of Leveraged Loans

Between 2001 and 2007, annual institutional investment in highly leveraged loans dramatically increased from $32 billion to $426 billion, an increase that accounted for nearly 70 percent of the jump in total syndicated loan issuance over the same period. This paper asks the question if the inflow of institutional funding leads to a contraction of loan spreads. To understand this relationship, we look at the demand pressure defined as the number of days a loan remains unsold. Using market-level and cross-sectional variation in time-on-the-market, we find that a shorter syndication period is associated with a lower final interest rate. This relationship is robust in the presence of institutional fund flow as an instrument. Furthermore, we find significant price differences between institutional investors’ tranches and banks’ tranches of the same loans, even though they share the same underlying fundamentals. Increasing demand pressure causes the rate on institutional tranches to fall below the interest rate on bank tranches. Overall, a one standard deviation reduction in average time-on-the-market decreases institutional loan spreads by over 34 basis points per annum. This effect is significantly larger for loan tranches bought by structured investment vehicles (CDOs) but is not fully explained by their role.
Wave-induced longitudinal vortices in a shallow current

An instability theory is presented for the initiation of longitudinal vortices due to waves interacting with a turbulent current in an open channel of finite depth. With a simple model of eddy viscosity the dimensionless shearing rate of the basic current is much weaker than the dimensionless velocity almost everywhere except near the bed. We shall show that in addition to the internal vortex force, a mean shear stress exists on the mean sea level, owing to nonlinear wave–current interactions, despite the absence of wind. This stress adds vertical vorticity to the interior and augments the vortex force mechanism of instability significantly. Effects of current strength and wave conditions on the unstable growth are studied by numerical examples.
The Effect of Concurrent Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise on Stress, Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, and Blood Pressure in Renal Transplant Female Patients: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and high blood pressure are known to be important issues among renal transplant patients. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected exercises on blood pressure, stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and blood pressure among renal transplant patients. Method: Thirty two women patients (aged, 20-50 years) with 2 to 3 years post renal transplantation history were voluntarily and objectively recruited. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, exercise (n=16) and control (n=16). The exercise group performed 10 weeks of exercise 3 days per week, and for 60-90 minutes per session. The control group involved no exercise. The DASS21 questionnaire was used to collect psychological data, and blood pressure was measured before and after 10 weeks of exercise. Data analysis was conducted using dependent and independent t-tests. Results: Concurrent exercise significantly reduced anxiety, stress, depressive symptoms, and systolic blood pressure in the exercise group only (p=0.000). Conclusion: Ten weeks of low-intensity exercise can be an effective measure to improve the stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and blood pressure in renal transplant patients. Our results suggest that a regular pattern of selected exercises can be effective on stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and blood pressure and may be beneficial for renal transplant patients. Keywords : Selected exercise, Stress, Anxiety, Depressive symptoms, Renal transplant
Strategic Entry and the Relationship between Number of Independent and Non-Independent Candidates: A Study of Parliamentary Elections in India

Elections in developing countries like India have sometimes attracted a large number of independent candidates. As this type of phenomenon is unheard of in developed countries, the article attempts to examine what kind of strategic settings can explain the emergence of such candidates. The article observes that a major factor behind the emergence of independents under first-past-the-post (FPTP) electoral systems with weak regulatory checks could be the surreptitious strategic floating of such candidates by major political parties. Accordingly, the article hypothesizes a strong positive relationship between the number of non-independent and independent candidates in such democracies. The article also hypothesizes that the break-up of one or two-party dominance in these democracies and subsequent political churning may trigger such a relationship or strengthen it further. Empirical results for all parliamentary elections in India since 1962 reveal that during the first four elections in the reference period (e.g. during 1962–1977) when political fragmentation was low, the relationship was weak. However, subsequent political fragmentation in India during the 1980s gave birth to a new class of independents whose entries into elections were opportunistic in nature, leading to a strong relationship between the above two variables during this period.
DRUG UTILISATION STUDY OF STROKE AND OTHER PATIENTS ADMITTED TO GENERAL WARD OF NEUROLOGY UNIT AT QUATERNARY CARE PRIVATE HOSPITAL

Objective: To study the profile of the patient, the pattern of their illness and their drug use patterns attending to general ward of quaternary care hospital. Methods: Prospective observational study of 2 mo was performed at neurology unit of the quaternary care private hospital, India. Patients aged above 20 y with at least one neurological drug in prescription were included to observe their demographic profile, illness pattern and drug use. The data was analysed and summarised as frequency and percentage using microsoft excel and presented as tables. Results : Among 60 patient that were enrolled, more were males (N=33, 55%) than females (N=27, 45%) and within the age group of 60-70 y (N=22, 36.67%). The majority of patients were diagnosed with strokes (N= 48, 80%) where the cerebrovascular accident was most common (N=16, 26.66%). Males (N=29, 60.4%) were more prone to get stroke than females (N=19,39.6%). An average number of drugs per prescription was 5.7, the percentage of antibiotics, generic drugs and injections were 36.6%, 0.05% and 44.14% respectively. A total of 28 different drug classes with 61 different drugs was utilised. Fourteen drug classes had been accounted for 90% of drugs utilisation. Clopidegrol+Aspirin have frequently used the drug. Conclusion: Most people attending neurology unit were elderly. Stroke occupies 1 st list for the burden. Average drugs for neurology visit remain high. Wide types of drug classes are utilised in neurological wards