Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Market Integration and Price Transmission of Meat in Indonesia

Food balance in the country tend to be deficit for main food staples as well luxurious foods like red meat. Food deficit has been prevailing until currently. Being the net importer of meat products, Indonesia is challenged to meet two pressing goals, first to protect farmers and secondly to secure meat availability. Trade flows between regions and access to information are challenging becuase Indonesia is an archipelagic country with high economic dispersion and inequality. This study aims to analyze spatial integration and price transmission of meat market in Indonesia. The data is a monthly prise series of meat from 7 provinces containing 50 observations. The data was analyzed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). This study reveals that there is a long run relationship among market price in seven provinces and the high long run relationship was found among provinces in Java island. The short run was also found among provinces. This findings represents that meat market in Indonesia was spatially integrated. This study recommends the goverment to formulate policies which providing infrastructure to avoid market exploitation and spread price information along provinces in Indonesia. This will help in enhancing efficiency of the marketing system in agricultural commodities and reduce market distortions. Acknowledgement : I would thank to my younger colleg Ahmad Syariful Jamil for co-authoring this paper.
Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia in a case of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: the result of IL‐2 production by the proliferating monoclonal B cells?

Summary. CLL is typically characterized by acquired hypogammaglobulinemia. We report the case of a female patient suffering from B‐CLL who developed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia: 38‐3 g/I polyclonal IgG, 0.97g/1 IgA and 0.33 g/1 IgM. Immunophenotyping showed a monoclonal lymphocytic population CD19+ CD5+ CD40+ CD23+, low slg+ (95%), K type in the great majority (96%). RT‐PCR of immunoglobulin genes gave evidence of monoclonal rearrangement of the IgM type. Our tests showed that IL‐2 was produced when leukaemic B cells were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate, ionomycin and lipopoly‐saccharide. In addition, transfections with the full IL‐2 promoter or elements thereof revealed that IL‐2 expression is inducible and mediated through the NF‐kB‐promoter element. Finally, the amount of IL‐2 secreted by these cells is about 39ng/ml/106 cells, which is remarkably high for non‐T cells. These results suggest that the large amounts of polyclonal IgG seen in this case of B‐CLL are secreted by normal B cells which are in turn stimulated by IL‐2 produced by proliferating monoclonal (leukaemic) B cells. Under cyclosporin A treatment, immunoglobulin secretion and B cell count remained low.
Social Networks and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from a Historical Episode of Industrialization

This paper explores the relationship between social networks and entrepreneurship by constructing a dynamic social network from archival records. The network corresponds to the elite of a society in transition to modernity, characterized by difficult geographical conditions, market failures, and weak state capacity, as in late 19th- and early 20th-century Antioquia (Colombia). With these data, I estimate how the decision to found industrial firms related to the position of individuals in the social network. I find that individuals more important bridging the network (i.e. with higher betweenness centrality) were more involved in industrial entrepreneurship. However, I do not find individuals with a denser network to be more involved in this type of activity. The rationale of these results is that industrial entrepreneurship was a highly-complex activity that required a wide variety of complementary resources. Networks operated as substitutes for markets in the acquisition of these resources. Thus, individuals with network positions that favored the combination of a broad set of resources had a comparative advantage in industrial entrepreneurship. I run several tests to prove this rationale.
Impact of board characteristics on IPO valuation: Evidence from Finland and Sweden

The purpose of this thesis is to provide insights on how the characteristics of board affect valuation of entities offering an initial public offer. The agency theory portrays that the interests of company management and investors are in conflict by nature. Development of corporate governance has been proposed as a one of the most effective methods to certify the quality of the financial reporting and create trust in the market. As a company implements an effective corporate governance model it can be assumed that the trust towards the quality of financial reporting is improved among the market participants and the required rate of return decreases. This study examines the impact of board characteristics on the valuation of Initial Public Offerings in Finland and Sweden during 2012-2015. This is especially interesting period as the IPO market has been very active during past years and therefore there is a broad sample of stock listings that will be examined in this study. Further, this study examines differences between the Regulated Market (Nasdaq Exchanges) and the less strict First North market place (Multilateral Trading Facility). This will provide comparison of characteristics of companies listing in the two market places. This comparison has not been studied at large in the academia before, as the Nasdaq Fist North is relatively young market place established in Sweden in 2006 and expanded to Finland the following year. The study was conducted by performing an OLS regression, correlation analysis and descriptive statistics. The results of the study show that the structure of boards is relatively consistent across the sample and variance among the firm observations is small. However, we can see differences in the board characteristics especially when comparing IPOs between the Main market and First North listings. Firms listed in the main market have larger boards, higher rate of independent board members, and more equal gender representation. Also, we can identify gradual movements in the structures of boards when analysing the trends in time series noting increase in independent members in First North listing while gender representation has increased in Main market listings. Meanwhile, in our regression analysis the only board characteristic that we found to have significant correlation with IPO valuation was board size.
Towards A Sustainable Soil Fertility Strategy In Ghana

Most efforts to raise fertilizer use in SSA over the past decade have focused on fertilizer subsidies and targeted credit programmes with hopes that these programmes could later be withdrawn once the profitability of fertilizer use has been made clear to adopting farmers and once they have become sufficiently capitalized to be able to afford fertilizer on their own. This line of reasoning under-emphasizes the evidence that many smallholder farmers obtain very low crop response rates to inorganic fertilizer application and hence cannot use it profitably at full market prices. A central hypothesis of this study is that Ghanaian farmers will demand increasing quantities of fertilizer when they can utilize it more profitably, and that doing so will require improved agronomic and soil management practices that enable farmers to achieve higher crop response rates to fertilizer application.
High Schools Students’ Decision in Choosing Tutoring Institution

This study aims at determining and to examining the factors of student selection decision on Nurul Fikri (hereinafter abbreviated NF) tutoring institutions in Paandg City. The sampling was done by accidental sampling totaling 94 people who have chosen NF in Paandg City. Data collection was done by a survey using questionnaire method. Statistical methods chosen were descriptive analysis and explanatory factor analysis (explanatory factor analysis = EFA) by using SPSS version 21. The results showed that the factors affecting the decision of students choose NF were product, price, location, promotions, process, and physical evidence. The test results showed that the model of the factors formed a significant effect of the decision of students in choosing the NF institution. Keywords—consumer purchasing decision, marketing mix
A Distributionally Robust Optimization Model for Unit Commitment Considering Uncertain Wind Power Generation

This paper proposes a distributionally robust optimization model for solving unit commitment (UC) problems considering volatile wind power generation. The uncertainty of wind power is captured by an ambiguity set that defines a family of wind power distributions, and the expected total cost under the worst-case distribution is minimized. Compared with stochastic programming, this method may have less dependence on the data of exact probability distributions. It should also outperform the conventional robust optimization methods because some distribution information can be incorporated into the ambiguity sets to generate less conservative results. In this paper, the UC model is formulated based on the typical two-stage framework, where the UC decisions are determined in a here-and-now manner, and the economic dispatch decisions are assumed to be wait-and-see, made after the observation of wind power outcomes. For computational tractability, the wait-and-see decisions are addressed by linear decision rule approximation, assuming that the economic dispatch decisions affinely depend on uncertain parameters as well as auxiliary random variables introduced to describe distributional characteristics of wind power generation. It is shown in case studies that this decision rule model tends to provide a tight approximation to the original two-stage problem, and the performance of UC solutions may be greatly improved by incorporating information on wind power distributions into the robust model.
Successive changes in the epimural bacterial community of young lambs as revealed by scanning electron microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the time of initial colonization of the rumen epithelium of young lambs and successive changes with time in the morphological composition of the epimural community. Tissue samples were obtained from two groups of lambs at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age. Comparisons were made with the epimural communities observed at 12 well-distributed sites in the rumen of a mature wether. Epimural bacteria were already present on the epithelium at 1 week of age. The morphological composition of the epimural community changed with age, with the pattern of succession being similar in both groups of lambs. A total of 24 morphotypes were distinguished by scanning electron microscopy; 17 were rod shaped, 4 were cocci, 2 were spiral, and 1 was filamentous. These morphotypes were further subdivided into: (i) those persisting after their initial colonization in young lambs and present in the adult (7 morphotypes), (ii) those seen only in the adult (2 morphotypes), and (iii) those present only in young lambs (15 morphotypes). The seven morphotypes present in both the lamb and the adult could be considered indigenous members of the epimural community. Several morphotypes appeared restricted in their colonization to certain regions of the papillae, suggesting the presence of microhabitats within the epithelial habitat. Two rod-shaped bacteria were repeatedly seen specifically attached to one another, suggesting an interspecific association.
No mutations in CIZ1 in twelve adult‐onset primary cervical dystonia families

Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson et Centre Maladie Rare Atrophie Multisyst ematis ee Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux Pessac, France Institut des Maladies Neurod eg en eratives Unit e Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 University de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Maladies Neurod eg en eratives UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France Institut National de la Sant e et de la Recherche M eedicale (INSERM) Unit e 612, Orsay, France Institut Curie-Recherche, Orsay, France Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology Paris, France Institut Curie, INSERM Unit e 830, Paris, France Universit e Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit e Paris, France References
Phase II clinical trial with a second generation, GM-CSF encoding, oncolytic herpesvirus in unresectable metastatic melanoma.

9035 Background: OncoVEXGM-CSF is a an oncolytic HSV, encoding GM-CSF . We recently completed a phase II trial involving 50 advanced melanoma patients (stage IIIc and IV) with at least one injection accessible lesion, including by ultrasound. METHODS Patients received a single IT injection of 106 pfu/ml apportioned between 10 or less injectable tumors, followed 3 wks later by 24 or less sequential injections of 108 pfu/ml every 2 wks until clinically significant disease progression, or overall or injectable lesion complete response. Response (RECIST modified to allow progression before response and biopsy of residual masses) and survival were monitored. RESULTS All 50 pts have been enrolled and are evaluable (Stage IIIc, n=10; IV M1a, n=16; IV M1b, n=4; IV M1c, n=20). A median of 6 injections were administered. Adverse effects were limited and generally involved transient flu-like symptoms. Both injected and uninjected regional and distant disease demonstrated response including clearly documented responses at uninjected visceral sites. The overall response rate was 26% (8 CR, 5 PR); 10 responses have been maintained for >6 months and 2 are ongoing at <6months, the longest currently being at 35 months from first dose. 93% of patients (14 of 15) with PR, CR or surgical CR remain alive. Ten additional patients had SD for >3 months. Kaplan Meier one year survival is 61% overall, 58% stage IV only, 48% for Stage IV M1c. The median OS is 16+ months. CONCLUSIONS The 1-year survival and durable objective response rate are encouraging. Responses of distant and visceral disease provide further compelling evidence of systemic effectiveness. This, combined with a limited toxicity profile, suggests OncoVEXGM-CSF is a promising treatment for metastatic melanoma. A phase III clinical trial is planned. [Table: see text].
Analysis of Infection Characteristics and Antiparasite Immune Responses in Resistant Compared with Susceptible Hosts

Variations in susceptibility or immune responsiveness to parasites, and variations in the consequences of parasitic infection, are readily detected in natural host populations (Wakelin 1978a). Variable outcomes of parasitic infection and disease are predictable bearing in mind that genetic heterogeneity of hosts a«c/parasites is essential for evolutionary survival of either party. It has been argued that immunological events have been the key (but certainly not the only) ingredient in the evolutionary development of balanced host-parasite relationships (Sprent 1959, Burnet & White 1972, and reviewed in Mitchell 1979a,b). The animal breeder expects to exploit any high hereditability of resistance to parasites and searches for linked characteristics which are detected readily, or correlative immune responses, to be used in selection programs. Similarly, the experimental immunoparasitologist expects to exploit at least some genetically-based variations in host resistance to pinpoint immunological effector mechanisms and target parasite antigens (and to identify genetic aspects of expression oi both) which are necessary or sufficient for host protection. Of particular interest are differences in (1) disease manifestations, (2) levels and duration of primary infection, (3) responsiveness to vaccination, (4) responsive-
Discharge Decision-Making, Enabling Occupations, and Client-Centred Practice

Background. Occupational therapists working in hospitals are confronted with increasingly complex discharge decisions. However, the relationship of discharge-planning strategies to the professional concepts of client-centred practice and enabling occupations has been unclear. Purpose. This study explored the relationship between the models of decision-making used by occupational therapists, and the professional issues of enabling occupation and client-centred practice. Methods. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 occupational therapists. Data were analyzed for the presence and emergence of themes. Results. Therapists try to balance the sometimes competing issues of safety and autonomy. Therapists often engage in negotiated decision-making. However, clients are sometimes excluded, despite therapists' commitment to client-centred processes. Consideration of occupations is often neglected. Practice Implications. Client-defined models of decision-making are insufficient for frail, cognitively- impaired people. A new, client-centred Negotiated Model of Decision-Making is proposed, which facilitates decisions to enable older people with their occupations.
Behaviour and Respiratory Dysfunction as an Index of Malathion Toxicity in the Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

Short term definitive test by static renewal bioassay method was conducted to determine the acute toxicity (LC50) of commercial grade organophosphate insecticide, malathion (50% EC) in the freshwater edible fish, Labeo rohita. Carp fingerlings were exposed to different concentrations (6.0 to 10.1 µl/L) of malathion for 96 h. The acute toxicity value was found to be 9.0 µl/L and one tenth of LC50 (0.9 µl/L) was selected for sub acute studies. Behavioural patterns and oxygen consumption were studied in lethal (1, 2, 3 and 4 d) and sublethal concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 15 d). Carp in toxic media exhibited irregular, erratic and darting swimming movements, hyper excitability, loss of equilibrium and sinking to the bottom which might be due to inactivation of AChE activity which results in excess accumulation of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses leading to hyperstimulation. Variation in oxygen consumption (70.39 to 80.50%, -4.45 to 21.35%) was observed in both lethal and sublethal concentrations of malathion respectively. Alterations in oxygen consumption may be due to respiratory distress as a consequence of impairment in oxidative metabolism. Fish in sublethal concentration were found under stress, but that was not fatal.
Seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in 182 Polish patients.

INTRODUCTION Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an emergent disease in developed countries. HEV seroprevalence in such areas significantly exceeds values expected when one considers infection with this virus only as a problem restricted to classical endemic regions. To date, no related data are available in Poland. In this study we aimed to obtain HEV seroprevalence data and compare them with similar data for hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Polish patients. MATERIAL/METHODS From February 1st, 2013, to October 15th, 2013, we performed anti-HEV IgG (anti-HEV) tests (EIAgen HEV IgG Kit; Adaltis, Milano, Italy) in 182 patients (101 men and 81 women; 61 patients were HIV-positive) of one center in Poland, aged 19-85 (47.2 ± 14.2 years). RESULTS We found a 15.9% seropositivity rate for anti-HEV (16.3% of the study population with an unequivocal test result) and 38.5% for anti-HAV. In 6 cases (3.4%), anti-HEV-positive persons had never travelled abroad. In contrast to HAV seroprevalence data, there was no significant difference in HEV seroprevalence between young adults (18-40 years) and older patients (p<0.0001 and p=0.0967, respectively). Anti-HEV were found in 21.3% of HIV-infected individuals. CONCLUSIONS HEV infection may occur in Poland. Anti-HAV seropositivity among Polish patients is significantly higher than anti-HEV. In contrast to HAV, HEV seroprevalence is similar in younger and older patients. The clinical course of HEV infection in Polish citizens seems to be largely asymptomatic. Polish HIV patients may be more commonly exposed to HEV than similar individuals from other countries.
Preoperative and Perioperative Predictors of the Need for Renal Replacement Therapy After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Background. Acute renal failure developing after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) requiring renal replacement heralds a poor prognosis. Our center has previously reported a 1-year survival of only 41.8%. We undertook this study to determine whether we could identify preoperative and perioperative factors that would predict which patients are at risk. Methods. OLTxs performed between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2001, were included in our retrospective database review. Combined kidney-liver transplants or patients with preoperative renal replacement therapy (RRT) were excluded. A total of 724 OLTxs were studied, which were divided into group I: no RRT, n=637; group II: hemodialysis only post-OLTx, n=17; and group III: continuous RRT post-OLTx, n=70. Univariate and stepwise logistic multivariate analyses were performed. Results. Preoperative serum creatinine greater than 1.9 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] 3.57), preoperative blood urea nitrogen greater than 27 mg/dL (OR 2.68), intensive care unit stay more than 3 days (OR 10.23), and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score greater than 21 (OR 2.5) were significant. A clinical prediction model was constructed: probability of requiring dialysis posttransplant=(−2.4586+1.2726 [creatinine >1.9] + 0.9858 [blood urea nitrogen >27] + 0.4574 [Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score >21] + 1.1625 [intensive care unit days >3]). A clinical prediction rule for patients with a score greater than 0.12 was applied to OLTx recipients who underwent transplantation in 2002. A total of 15 of 20 patients who received RRT and 111 of 121 who did not were correctly classified with the model. Conclusions. This model allowed us to identify patients at high risk for developing the need for RRT postoperatively. Strategies for these patients to prevent or ameliorate acute renal failure and reduce the need for RRT postoperatively are needed.
Global stabilisation of the PVTOL aircraft with lateral force coupling and bounded inputs

This work is devoted to prove that the nonlinear control scheme previously proposed by Zavala-Río, Fantoni and Lozano for the global stabilisation of the planar vertical take-off and landing (PVTOL) aircraft with bounded inputs neglecting the lateral force coupling is robust with respect to the parameter characterising such a lateral force coupling, ϵ, as long as such a parameter takes small enough values. In other words, global stabilisation is achieved even if ϵ > 0, provided that such a parameter be sufficiently small. As far as the authors are aware, such a property has not been proved in other existing control schemes when the value of ϵ is not known. The presented methodology is based on the use of embedded saturation functions. Furthermore, experimental results of the control algorithm implemented on a real prototype are presented.