Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Finnmark Intervention Study: is it possible to change CVD risk factors by community-based intervention in an Arctic village in crisis?

Aims: Owing to high cardiovascular mortality, the Norwegian Government introduced the programme ``Health and Inequalities in Finnmark'' in 1988. One of the projects in this programme was aimed at changing cardiovascular risk factors through community-based intervention in a fishing community in the Norwegian Arctic. Methods: The intervention community Båtsfjord and the three control communities were selected from the same coastal area. The intervention was based on a quasi-experimental design, and evaluated by population surveys before (1987) and after (1993) the invention. The attending cohort was analysed. The intervention method was based on empowerment and cooperation between different organizations, and the primary healthcare system. Results: From 1987-93, the male cohort in Båtsfjord had a more favourable development when compared with changes in the control communities regarding the 8.6% increase in physical activity (p=0.047), the reduction in systolic blood pressure by 0.01 mmHg (p=0.002), and the reduction in diastolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg (p<0.001). The female cohort in Båtsfjord had a more favourable development when compared with changes in the control communities regarding the 11.2% increase in use of low-fat milk (p=0.046), the increase in systolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg (p=0.024), and the reduction in diastolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg (p<0.001). Conclusion: Despite a difficult economic situation for the Arctic coastal communities, the study found it possible for voluntary organizations, local public administration, and local health personnel to promote change in lifestyle and blood pressure using a community intervention approach.
Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Review

Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex multisystemic disease requiring specialized care. It is characterized by progressive pulmonary decline, with intermittent worsening of lung function, often called pulmonary exacerbations. Eighty-five percent of all deaths from CF are a result of pulmonary disease, and pulmonary exacerbations are associated with decline in lung function. Treating pulmonary exacerbations requires a multifaceted approach and includes a multidisciplinary team composed of a physician, nurse, respiratory therapist, physical therapist, and nutritionist. Recently, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation published guidelines addressing the comprehensive treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. This article outlines the treatment goals established by these guidelines, including the evaluation and treatment of comorbid conditions (eg, CF-related diabetes) and serious complications associated with CF exacerbations (eg, pneumothorax). Proper treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in CF patients will continue to improve their health and quality of life.
The Real Costs of Disclosure

This paper models the effect of disclosure on real investment. We show that, even if the act of disclosure is costless, a high-disclosure policy can be costly. Some information ("soft") cannot be disclosed. Increased disclosure of "hard" information augments absolute information and reduces the cost of capital. However, by distorting the relative amounts of hard and soft information, increased disclosure induces the manager to improve hard information at the expense of soft, e.g. by cutting investment. Investment depends on asset pricing variables such as investors' liquidity shocks; disclosure depends (non-monotonically) on corporate finance variables such as growth opportunities and the manager's horizon. Even if a low disclosure policy is optimal to induce investment, the manager may be unable to commit to it. If hard information turns out to be good, he will disclose it regardless of the preannounced policy. Government intervention to cap disclosure can create value, in contrast to common calls to increase disclosure.
Mental health problems among homeless adolescents

This paper reviews 18 surveys of mental health problems among homeless adolescents and reports on a pilot study of the same topic conducted in Amsterdam. Sampling methods and measures of mental health are discussed. The reported estimates of mental health problems vary greatly, very probably because of methodological differences. Despite the different methods used, there seems to be considerable research evidence to support a high prevalence of mental disorders among homeless adolescents. The results of the pilot study of 50 homeless adolescents in Amsterdam are consistent with the surveys reviewed. A highly structured interview was conducted at all four services sites for homeless adolescents in Amsterdam. Of the homeless adolescents interviewed, 78% had at least one lifetime DIS/DSM‐III‐R diagnosis, and 64% had at least one 1‐month diagnosis.
Comparison of Peptide and Nonpeptide Receptor‐Mediated Responses in Rat Tail Artery

Summary Chronic uremia and metabolic acidosis impair vascular responses to norepinephrine (NE) and also cause multiple metabolic defects in skeletal muscle. These studies were conducted to determine whether decreased vascular responsiveness resulted from putative second messenger metabolism. Tail arteries were used from rats with metabolic acidosis or nonacidotic uremia and from normal controls. In normal arteries, the maximal responses were the same for arginine vasopressin (AVP), NE, and mixtures of the two agonists, suggesting that the two receptor types use the same transduction mechanism. Nonetheless, qualitative differences exist between AVP-and NE-induced responses: (a) Concentration-response curves are steeper for AVP than for NE, (b) EC50 values are similar for AVP between inositol phosphates (IP assays) and contraction, but not for NE, and (c) arteries from rats with metabolic acidosis or uremia show selective blunting of biochemical and contractile responses to NE but not to AVP. We conclude that these metabolic derangements selectively affect α-adrenergic receptors, but not AVP receptors or the transduction mechanism leading to contraction.
Quantitative PCR in the diagnosis of CMV infection and in the monitoring of viral load during the antiviral treatment in renal transplant patients

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant problem in transplantation. In this study, a quantitative PCR test was compared with the CMVpp65 antigenemia assay not only in the diagnosis CMV infections but especially in the monitoring of viral loads during ganciclovir treatment of CMV disease in individual renal transplant patients. Altogether 342 blood specimens were obtained from 116 patients. Blood specimens were used for Cobas Amplicor Monitor plasma PCR and for the pp65 assay. Also shell vial culture was performed. The patients with a positive pp65 finding were monitored for CMV weekly during ganciclovir treatment and/or until the antigenemia subsided. CMV was detected in 31/116 (27%) patients, of whom 14 (12%) developed CMV disease and were treated with ganciclovir. CMV was found by shell vial culture in 13/14 cases, but by PCR and pp65 test in all 14 patients. CMV was detected in 156 (45%) samples; by PCR in 121/156 (range 344–103,000 copies/ml) and by pp65 test in 138/156 (range 1–1,000 positive cells/50,000 leukocytes) and by culture in 59/156 (38%) only. The peak viral loads were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in CMV disease than in untreated infections (19,650 vs. 379 copies/ml, and 100 vs. 5pp65 positive cells). In the monitoring of individual patients, the time‐related CMV‐DNAemia and pp65 antigenemia correlated well during the treatment of CMV disease. In conclusion, Cobas Amplicor Monitor plasma PCR and CMVpp65 antigen assays can be equally used in the diagnosis CMV infection and in the monitoring of viral load during antiviral treatment. J. Med. Virol. 76:367–372, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulatory role of the chemokine CCL2 in the migration and peptide expression of embryonic hypothalamic neurons

Neuroinflammation is a feedback mechanism against infection, with recent studies suggesting a neuromodulatory role. The chemokine, (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and its receptor, (C‐C motif) receptor type 2 (CCR2), affect neuromodulation and migration in response to damage. Although CCL2 co‐localizes with neuropeptides in the hypothalamus that control voluntary behavior, the function of CCL2/CCR2 is unknown. This led us to consider the possibility that CCL2 acting through CCR2, under natural conditions, may affect the migration and peptide levels of hypothalamic neurons that control voluntary behavior. This study used primary embryonic hypothalamic neurons to examine the effect of CCL2 on migratory behavior and on levels of the peptides, enkephalin (ENK) and galanin. Treatment with CCL2 led to a significant, dose‐dependent increase in the number of migrated neurons and an increase in the velocity and distance traveled. CCL2 also significantly increased the number of ENK‐expressing and CCR2/ENK co‐expressing neurons and the percentage of neurons that contain higher levels of ENK. Lastly, CCL2 produced a dose‐dependent increase in expression of ENK and galanin. These results provide evidence for a stimulatory effect of CCL2 on embryonic hypothalamic neurons involving changes in migratory behavior, expression, and synthesis of neuropeptides that function in controlling behavior.
Passive mechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the cat

1 This is a report on the history dependence of the passive mechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the anaesthetised cat. 2 The muscle was conditioned with an isometric contraction at the test length, or at 3 mm longer than the test length and then returned to the test length, where the level of resting tension was measured, as well as tension changes during a slow stretch. 3 The level of resting tension depended on the form of conditioning and, at the optimum length for active tension, the history‐dependent component was 9 % of the total passive tension. 4 During a slow stretch, tension initially rose steeply up to a yield point, beyond which it rose more gradually. The shape of the tension rise depended on the form of conditioning. The level of tension at the yield point consisted of a stretch‐dependent component, the ‘short‐range tension’ plus the resting tension for that length. 5 The short‐range tension increased with muscle length to peak close to the optimum for active tension. The slope of the tension rise during a stretch, the short‐range stiffness, peaked at 2 mm beyond the optimum. 6 The short‐range tension was small immediately after a conditioning contraction but grew in size as the interval was increased up to 60 s, with a time constant of 9.9 ± 0.6 s. After a series of conditioning movements, it recovered more rapidly, with a time constant of 6.6 ± 0.5 s. 7 The history‐dependent changes in passive tension and the response to stretch are interpreted in terms of the presence, in sarcomeres of resting muscle fibres, of crossbridges between actin and myosin which have very slow formation rates, both at rest and during movements.
Killing the Mother of One ’ s Child : Psychiatric Risk Factors Among Male Perpetrators and Offspring Health Consequences

Objective: To study possible psychiatric and criminological risk factors of intimate partner femicide (IPF) as well as the bereaved offspring’s psychiatric morbidity and premature death. Method: We conducted a nested case-control study, based on Swedish national registries, including all perpetrators of IPF. We computed risk estimates relative to matched population controls, which were compared to those of non-IPF homicide offenders. Exposed children were matched to population controls and followed longitudinally up to 37 years. Offspring outcomes were psychiatric and substance use disorders (according to ICD) self-harm; violent crime; suicide; and premature, all-cause death. Results: We identified 261 male IPF perpetrators and 494 bereaved children from 1973 through 2009. Multivariable logistic regression suggested that major mental disorder (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.9; 95% CI, 3.3–10.6) and violent crime convictions (adjusted OR = 4.4; 95% CI, 2.7–7.2) were independent risk factors of IPF, but substance use disorders were not (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–1.0). Children exposed to IPF before age 18 years had elevated risks of major mental disorder (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 5.7; 95% Cl, 3.0– 10.6), substance use disorders (adjusted HR = 5.8; 95% CI, 2.8–11.9) and self-harm (adjusted HR = 5.7; 95% CI, 3.0–11.1). Offspring 18 years or older at the IPF had an increased risk of completed suicide (adjusted HR = 4.3;
Attachment as an Organizational Construct

Developmentalists have often conceptualized infant-adult ties in terms of an implicit trait construct evolved from the study of dependency. The major dimension of individual differences has been conceptualized in terms of quantitative differences in the "strength" of attachments, and a variety of discrete behaviors (touch, look, smile, approach, cling, cry) have been assumed to be valid "indices" of this dimension. These behaviors have been assumed to be significantly intercorrelated and stable across situations and over time. Critics have argued strongly that these assumptions cannot be defended empirically. It has further been argued that the study of individual differences in infant-adult ties is unlikely to he a productive research strategy and that attachment (as implying anything more than infant-adult interaction) has outlived its usefulness as a developmental construct. When, however, trait models are abandoned and greater attention is paid to the functions, outcomes, and context sensitivity of attachment behavior and to the underlying behavioral control systems that organize it, the apparent conflict between situational influences and stable individual differences can be resolved. The study of changes in the organization of behavior during development provides a framework for productive individual differences research. When greater emphasis is placed on the organization of behavior, both the stability and the flexibility of attachment behavior can be comprehended, and the attachment construct can continue to play an important integrative role in developmental theory.
Effect of Mulching Material on Growth, Yield and Quality of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus Thunb) Cv. Kiran

The field experiment conducted on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) cv. Kiran at Fruit Research Station, "Lalbaugh", Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, J.A. U. , Junagadh during summer season of 2010 to study the effect of different mulching material on growth, yield and quality of water melon cv. Kiran. All the plant growth, yield and quality characters were superior with silver on black polyethylene mulch while, plants without mulch (control) resulted poor growth and yield. With economic point of view, silver on black mulch resulted in the highest net return and found to be more economical with highest cost:benefit ratio.
Sall4 Interacts with Nanog and Co-occupies Nanog Genomic Sites in Embryonic Stem Cells*

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells with self-renewing property. Nanog is a homeobox transcription factor required to maintain ES cells in a non-differentiated state. Using affinity purification coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we identified Sall4 as a Nanog co-purified protein. Co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments confirmed the interaction between Nanog and Sall4. We showed that Nanog and Sall4 co-occupied Nanog and Sall4 enhancer regions in living ES cells. Knockdown of Nanog or Sall4 by RNA interference led to a reduction in Nanog and Sall4 enhancer activities, providing evidence that these factors are positively regulating these enhancers. Importantly, co-transfection of Sall4 with these ES cell-specific enhancers led to transactivation in heterologous somatic cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments also showed that Sall4 co-occupied many Nanog binding sites in ES cells. Our data implicate Sall4 as an important component of the transcription regulatory networks in ES cells by cooperating with Nanog. We suggest that Sall4 and Nanog form a regulatory circuit similar to that of Oct4 and Sox2. This study highlights the extensive regulatory loops connecting genes, which encode for key transcription factors in ES cells.
INFLUENCE OF AGE ON THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN EEG FREQUENCY BANDS DURING NREM AND REM SLEEP

The age-dependence of temporal interrelations between distinct frequency bands of sleep EEG was investigated in a group of 59 healthy young and middle-aged males via cross correlation analysis. Based on global evaluation throughout the entire night, a highly significant decline of the delta/theta correlation with increasing age was found. A separate analysis for non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep revealed different changes with aging. During NREM sleep, the correlation between the delta and theta frequency bands decreased with increasing age. In contrast, during REM sleep, a stronger correlation became obvious between the theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands with increasing age, whereas the lower frequency components were not affected. These findings indicate that aging processes seem to interact with sleep EEG rhythms in a complex manner, where most conspicuous is a disintegration of the activities in the lower frequency range, both concerning the successive sleep cycles across the night and the microstructure of NREM sleep
Serum complexes of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 modulate skeletal integrity and carbohydrate metabolism

Serum insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) ‐1 is secreted mainly by the liver and circulates bound to IGF‐binding proteins (IGFBPs), either as binary complexes or ternary complexes with IGFBP‐3 or IGFBP‐5 and an acid‐labile subunit (ALS). The purpose of this study was to genetically dissect the role of IGF‐1 circulatory complexes in somatic growth, skeletal integrity, and metabolism. Phenotypic comparisons of controls and four mouse lines with genetic IGF‐1 deficits— liver‐specific IGF‐1 deficiency (LID), ALS knockout (ALSKO), IGFBP‐3 (BP3) knockout, and a triply deficient LID/ALSKO/BP3 line—produced several novel findings. 1) All deficient strains had decreased serum IGF‐1 levels, but this neither predicted growth potential or skeletal integrity nor defined growth hormone secretion or metabolic abnormalities. 2) IGF‐1 deficiency affected development of both cortical and trabecular bone differently, effects apparently dependent on the presence of different circulating IGF‐1 complexes. 3) IGFBP‐3 deficiency resulted in increased linear growth. In summary, each IGF‐1 complex constituent appears to play a distinct role in determining skeletal phenotype, with different effects on cortical and trabecular bone compartments. — Yakar, S. , Rosen, C. J., Bouxsein, M. L. , Sun, H. , Mejia, W. , Kawashima, Y. , Wu, Y. , Emerton, K. , Williams, V. , Jepsen, K. , Schaffler, M. B. , Majeska, R. J., Gavrilova, O. , Gutierrez, M. , Hwang, D. , Pennisi, P., Frystyk, J., Boisclair, Y. , Pintar, J., Jasper, H. , Domene, H. , Cohen, P., Clemmons, D. , LeRoith, D. Serum complexes of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 modulate skeletal integrity and carbohydrate metabolism. FASEB J. 23, 709–719 (2009)
Theme Issue: Exercise and Sports Benefits of Exercise During Pregnancy

and Rehabildic Surgery, Medicine, St Abstract: There is a direct link between healthy mothers and healthy infants. Exe appropriate nutrition are important contributors to maternal physical and psyc health. The benefits and potential risks of exercise during pregnancy have gained e attention, with a number of studies having been published after the 2002 American of Obstetrics and Gynecologists guidelines. A review of the literature was cond using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase to assess the literature regarding the benefits o during pregnancy. The search revealed 219 publications, which the authors then n to 125 publications. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the known of exercise to the mother, fetus, and newborn. PM R 2012;4
A family with a grand‐maternally derived interstitial duplication of proximal 15q

About 1% of individuals with autism or types of pervasive developmental disorder have a duplication of the 15q11‐q13 region. These abnormalities can be detected by routine G‐banded chromosome study, showing an extra marker chromosome, or demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, revealing an interstitial duplication. We report here the molecular, cytogenetic, clinical and neuropsychiatric evaluations of a family in whom 3 of 4 siblings inherited an interstitial duplication of 15q11‐q13. This duplication was inherited from their mother who also had a maternally derived duplication. Affected family members had apraxia of speech, phonological awareness deficits, developmental language disorder, dyslexia, as well as limb apraxia but did not have any dysmorphic clinical features. The observations in this family suggest that the phenotypic manifestations of proximal 15q duplications may also involve language‐based learning disabilities.
Imatinib combined chemotherapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Major challenges in current practice

The prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) and/or BCR-ABL-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is extremely poor, and for decades allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been considered the only option for a cure. However, the treatment for Ph+ ALL has been rapidly changing since imatinib, a selective inhibitor of the ABL tyrosine kinase, was introduced. Earlier clinical trials in which a moderate anti-leukemic effect of imatinib monotherapy was demonstrated have prompted investigators to explore the combination of imatinib and chemotherapy. The results of multiple studies indicate that chemotherapy combined with imatinib is well tolerated, induces complete hematological remission in almost every patient with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL, and molecular remission in more than half of the cases. Future clinical studies need to focus on how imatinib can be incorporated into chemotherapy more effectively by determining the optimal dosage of imatinib, the optimal combinational schedule, and the role of allogeneic HSCT.
Multiple-Way Network Partitioning

A multiple-block network partitioning algorithm adapted from a two-block iterative improvement partitioning algorithm is presented. This adaptation of the algorithm and of the level gain concept to multiple blocks seeks to improve the partition uniformly with respect to all blocks as oppose to making repeated uses of two-way partitioning. Appropriate data structures and a complexity analysis are presented, as well as experimental results. The experiments indicate that the optimal number of levels to use depends on the number of blocks and the net size and degree distributions of the network, but it varies little with the size of the network. In particular, higher levels are increasingly useful as the number of blocks in the partition increases. Theoretical results agree with the experimental results and form the basis for a predictor which, given a network and the desired number of blocks, approximates the optimal number of levels. >