Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The motivic Steenrod algebra in positive characteristic

Let S be an essentially smooth scheme over a field and l a prime number invertible on S. We show that the algebra of bistable operations in the mod l motivic cohomology of smooth S-schemes is generated by the motivic Steenrod operations. This was previously proved by Voevodsky for S a field of characteristic zero. We follow Voevodsky's proof but remove its dependence on characteristic zero by using etale cohomology instead of topological realization and by replacing resolution of singularities with a theorem of Gabber on alterations.
Betting Against Beta (and Gamma) Using Government Bonds

Purportedly consistent with “risk parity” (RP) asset allocation, recent studies document compelling “low risk” trading strategies that exploit a persistently negative relation between Sharpe ratios (SRs) and maturity along the U.S. Treasury (UST) term structure. This paper extends this evidence on betting against beta with government bonds (BABgov) in four respects. First, out-of-sample tests suggest that excess returns may have waned somewhat recently and that the pattern seems most pronounced for USTs given data on ten other previously unexamined government bond markets. Second, BABgov appears robust when hedged ex-ante against covariance with equities and thereby does not resemble selling volatility, but these results nonetheless belie a possible tension rather than consistency between leverage constraints and low-risk investing: namely, that investors bid longer-dated UST prices higher (lower) under BAB (RP). Third, the fact that Gaussian affine term structure models of USTs also imply an inverted SR schedule suggests that investors cannot, in fact, realize abnormal returns if they are fully hedged to the underlying model factors, and BABgov excess returns are indeed not robust to ex-ante constraints on exposure to the yield curve’s principal components. Fourth, some evidence suggests that previous BABgov results reflect coskew preferences, alternative BABgov strategies hedged to coskew risks ex-ante forgo substantial returns, and there is no indication that investors can earn excess returns betting against gamma. However, the sign of investors’ coskew preferences in government bond markets remains ambiguous.
Mass spectrometric investigation of intoxications with plant-derived psychoactive substances

The flora of the world contains many plants and fungi with stimulant, hallucinogenic and narcotic effects. For centuries, many of these have been used in initiation rites, physical and spiritual healing and rites of divination. Many of the plants are not placed under any restrictions regarding their use and sale and, with use of the Internet, they are easily obtained. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS methods were developed and used for the detection of 12 plant-derived psychoactive substances, in urine samples, in cases of intoxication. The investigated substances were: asarones, atropine, DMT, ephedrine, harmaline, harmine, ibogaine, LSA, mescaline, psilocin, scopolamine and yohimbine. Urine samples (n=462) from patients admitted to the Maria youth clinic were analyzed for the presence of mescaline. No samples were positive for mescaline, but the method was validated using a clinical sample from a German intoxication case. Urine samples (n=103) from patients admitted to emergency departments all over Sweden were investigated for all 12 substances included in this study. All patients either admitted intake of a psychoactive plant substance or were suspected thereof. In 41 of the 103 samples at least one of the investigated substances was present. The most common substance was psilocin, found in 22 urine samples. Mydriasis, tachycardia, visual hallucinations, nausea and vomiting were the symptoms most often reported. These symptoms can be regarded as minor or moderate in terms of severity. The results suggest a low occurrence of psychoactive plant use in Sweden. Studies were done in attempt to elucidate the metabolic pattern of αand β-asarone in humans. Cis(β)-2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid was regarded to be the most abundant metabolite, evidence of a hydroxylated metabolite, thought to be hydroxylated βasarone, was also found. Today these substances are often marketed on the Internet as “safe” and “legal highs”, which may lead to an increased use and calls for continuous investigation into psychoactive plant intoxications. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Bjornstad K, Helander A, Beck O. Development and Clinical Application of an LC-MS-MS Method for Mescaline in Urine. J Anal Toxicol. 2008;32(3):227-31. II. Bjornstad K, Beck O, Helander A. A multi-component LC-MS/MS method for detection of ten plant-derived psychoactive substances in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2009; 877(11-12):1162-1168 III. Bjornstad K, Hulten P, Beck O, Helander A. Bioanalytical and clinical evaluation of 103 suspected cases of intoxications with psychoactive plant materials. (Submitted) IV. Bjornstad K, Helander A, Hulten P, Beck O. Bioanalytical Investigation of Asarone in Connection with Acorus calamus Oil Intoxications. (Manuscript) The original articles (I and II) have been printed with permission from the publishers.
Judgments of happiness, brightness, speed and tempo change of auditory stimuli varying in pitch and tempo.

William G. CollierThe University of Texas at TylerTimothy L. HubbardTexas Christian UniversityThe effects of pitch height, tempo, and pitch contour (ascending and descend­ing C major scale) on ratings of happiness, brightness, speed and tempo changewere examined. Higher pitch tones (1046.4 Hz [C6]) were rated as happier,brighter, faster and as speeding up more than lower pitch tones (261.6 Hz[C4]). Tones at a faster tempo (120 beats per minute, bpm) were also rated ashappier, brighter, faster and as speeding up more than tones at a slower tempo(60 bpm). In addition, ascending tones (from the C major scale) were rated asbeing happier, brighter, faster and as speeding up more than descending tones(from the C major scale). In addition to these main effects, there are a numberof interactions on ratings indicating that some characteristics of music maycombine in different ways to produce different perceptions of music. The datareplicate and extend previous studies on music and affect.For centuries humans have enjoyed the experience of music, and musichas been an integral part of our lives. Allof us have felt shivers tingle up ourspines when a certain tune is played. We experience what seems to be aninstant emotional response to a few notes played in a certain way, but whatis it in music that calls forth our emotions so readily? The relationshipbetween music and emotion has been an area of speculation for some time,and the question of how music may evoke emotional responses has beenaddressed in several ways (for reviews, see Radocy
Scaling of fracture systems in geological media

Scaling in fracture systems has become an active field of research in the last 25 years motivated by practical applications in hazardous waste disposal, hydrocarbon reservoir management, and earthquake hazard assessment. Relevant publications are therefore spread widely through the literature. Although it is recognized that some fracture systems are best described by scale‐limited laws (lognormal, exponential), it is now recognized that power laws and fractal geometry provide widely applicable descriptive tools for fracture system characterization. A key argument for power law and fractal scaling is the absence of characteristic length scales in the fracture growth process. All power law and fractal characteristics in nature must have upper and lower bounds. This topic has been largely neglected, but recent studies emphasize the importance of layering on all scales in limiting the scaling characteristics of natural fracture systems. The determination of power law exponents and fractal dimensions from observations, although outwardly simple, is problematic, and uncritical use of analysis techniques has resulted in inaccurate and even meaningless exponents. We review these techniques and suggest guidelines for the accurate and objective estimation of exponents and fractal dimensions. Syntheses of length, displacement, aperture power law exponents, and fractal dimensions are found, after critical appraisal of published studies, to show a wide variation, frequently spanning the theoretically possible range. Extrapolations from one dimension to two and from two dimensions to three are found to be nontrivial, and simple laws must be used with caution. Directions for future research include improved techniques for gathering data sets over great scale ranges and more rigorous application of existing analysis methods. More data are needed on joints and veins to illuminate the differences between different fracture modes. The physical causes of power law scaling and variation in exponents and fractal dimensions are still poorly understood.
Running head: BULLYING AND CYBERBULLYING IN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS Bullying and Cyberbullying in Secondary School Students: The role of Moral Disengagement, Hostile Attribution Bias and Outcome Expectancies

If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent. ac.uk/contact.html Citation for published version Pornari, Chrysoula and Wood, Jane L. (2010) Peer and cyber aggression in secondary school students: the role of moral disengagement, hostile attribution bias, and outcome expectancies. Aggressive Behavior, 36 (2). pp. 81-94. ISSN 0096-140X.
Running Heading: EUSTRESS/DISTRESS MODEL OF EMOTION REGULATION 1 Testing a Eustress-Distress Emotion Regulation Model in British and Spanish Front-line Employees1

Studies suggest that suppressing emotions required by occupational roles (i.e. surface acting) can lead to employees’ emotional exhaustion. In contrast, trying to experience the emotions required by the role (i.e. deep acting) appears to be a less harmful strategy for the employee. However, problems with one of the mainstream measures of deep acting call for a reexamination of the construct’s operationalization and a clarification of its consequences. Furthermore, an integrated model explaining the differential outcomes of the two main emotion regulation strategies (surface and deep acting) is also required. Building on eustress/distress literature, it was hypothesized that cognitive reappraisal (a suggested operationalization of deep acting) would be associated with perception of thriving customer interactions, eliciting the eustress response (i.e., increased efficacy and commitment). It was also expected that suppression would be associated with perception of draining customer interactions, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intentions. Importantly, in line with the eustress/distress model, no cross-relationships between the eustress and distress route were hypothesized. A cross-national study comprised theme park employees from Spain (N=208) and UK (N=204) and Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used. Hypotheses were supported therefore the eustress/distress model offers a plausible explanation of the workrelated emotion regulation outcomes. As an emotion regulation strategy, cognitive reappraisal may promote perceptions of thriving customer interactions that in turn generates opportunities to develop valued personal resources and organizationally desirable attitudes. Organizations should invest in individually-based interventions to assist employees in interpreting customer demands in less harming ways.
The Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients Referred to the Prosthodontics Department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School in Fall 2010

Objective: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are among the most common disorders of the maxillofacial region and are often characterized by pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) and muscles of mastication. Due to the presence of several diagnostic criteria for such disorders, the reported prevalence rates for TMDs have been variable in different communities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TMDs in patients presenting to the Prosthodontics Department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School (SBDS) in fall 2010. Methods: In this descriptive study, 150 patients presenting to the Prosthodontics Department of SBDS (86 females and 64 males) were randomly selected and evaluated by using a questionnaire (subjectively) and clinical examinations (objectively). Presence and prevalence of various symptoms of TMDs such as clicking and tenderness on palpation in the muscles of mastication and the TMJ were evaluated in patients. Statistical comparisons were carried out using chi-square test. Results: Clicking, masticatory muscle and joint tenderness, TMDs, and limitation of mouth opening were found in 21.3%, 18.7%, 5.3%, 18.7% and 1.3% of patients, respectively. Despite the higher prevalence of TMDs in females, the difference in this regard between males and females was not statistically significant (39.3% in men versus 60.7% in women). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the prevalence of TMDs and its related symptoms was 18.7% in patients presenting to the Prosthodontics Department of SBDS in fall 2010. This value was lower than the rates reported in the literature.
Appearance matters: sedimentation effects on different sponge morphologies

Dredging activity poses an environmental risk to sponges as sediments from the dredge or disposal site may smother the sponge surface, potentially affecting water filtration and light penetration. Dredge-related sedimentation effects may also vary between sponge morphologies, potentially impacting community structure and functioning. To test this, 10 sponge species encompassing four different morphologies (massive, erect, cup and encrusting), were exposed to a single pulse treatment of three different sediment concentrations (0, 250 and 500 mg l−1) and followed over 2 weeks, in 1000 l tanks. Total suspended solids (TSS) and sedimentation rates (SR) were recorded throughout the study. A sharp decrease in TSS was recorded within the first 2–3 h and a total settlement of sediments occurred within the first 48 h of the pulse exposure (0, 8 and 16 mg cm−2 in the control, medium and high sediment treatments, respectively). The effects of high sedimentation included mortality of cup-shaped Callyspongia confoederata and small areas of tissue necrosis in other species, with massive, encrusting and wide cup morphologies particularly affected. However, the sediment concentrations tested in this experiment did not cause changes in the concentration of sponge pigments or the structure of the symbiotic microbial community in any species. These results indicate that a single pulse of sediments less than 16 mg cm−2 is not detrimental to most of the sponge species studied.
Quasiparticle Coherence, Collective Modes, and Competing Order in Cuprate Superconductors

In recent years, the study of cuprate superconductors has been dominated by the investigation of normal state properties. Of particular interest is the nature of interactions between superconductivity and other incipient orders which emerge above the superconducting transition temperature, Tc. The discovery of charge density wave (CDW) correlations in YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) and HgBa2CuO4+d (Hg-1201) has established that some form of charge order is ubiquitous in the cuprates. In this work, we explore the non-equilibrium dynamics of systems which sit near the boundary between superconductivity and competing orders.Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy is ideally suited to the study of competing order. Exciting the sample with an optical pulse perturbs the system from equilibrium, altering the balance between the co-existing orders. The return to equilibrium is then monitored by a time-delayed probe pulse, revealing multiple decay processes as well as collective excitations. We first apply this technique to Hg-1201, conducting a detailed study of the phase diagram. At temperatures near Tc, the pump pulse induces a non-equilibrium quasiparticle population. At Tc we observe a doping-dependent peak in the relaxation time of these quasiparticles which we associate with a divergence in the coherence time of the fluctuating CDW. Using heterodyne probing in the transient grating geometry, we are able to disentangle the transient reflectivity components associated with superconductivity and the pseudogap, domonstrating competition across the phase diagram. We also discuss the observation of a sharp transition in the nature of the pseudogap signal at s 11% doping.In YBCO, we explore the temperature and doping dependence of coherent oscillations excited by the pump pulse. We associate these oscillations with the excitation of the CDW amplitude mode, and model their temperature dependence within the framework of a Landau model of competing orders.We conclude with an investigation of pseudogap dynamics in the electron doped compound Nd2-xCexCuO4+d as a function of temperature and doping. Near optimal doping, we observe the impulsive excitation of a critically damped mode, with time-temperature scaling consistent with quantum-critical fluctuations. This mode competes with superconductivity in a dynamical fashion, such that the suppression of this mode below Tc can be lifted via photo-evaporation of the superconducting condensate.
A New Method for Broadening Bandwidths of Circular Polarized Microstrip Antennas by Using DGS & Parasitic Split-Ring Resonators

A new method for broadening the impedance and the axialratio (AR) bandwidths of circular polarized microstrip antennas (CPMAs) is proposed. It has improved the bandwidths of a reference antenna greatly without enlarging the antenna size or deteriorating circular polarized radiation characteristics by placing four sequentially rotated parasitic split-ring resonators (SRRs) around the patch of the reference antenna and embedding four defeated ground structure (DGS) elements on the ground plane. Improvements of 51.3% and 49.8% in the impedance and the axial-ratio bandwidths of the antenna are achieved in simulation, respectively. The simulated i10dB impedance and 3dB axial-ratio bandwidths of the antenna have been improved from 101.1MHz (4.12%) to 153.0MHz (6.26%) and from 25.1MHz (1.02%) to 37.6MHz (1.54%).
Integral methods for shallow free-surface flows with separation

We study laminar thin film flows with large distortions of the free surface, using the method of averaging across the flow. Two specific problems are studied: the circular hydraulic jump and the flow down an inclined plane. For the circular hydraulic jump our method is able to handle an internal eddy and separated flow. Assuming a variable radial velocity profile as in Kármán–Pohlhausen's method, we obtain a system of two ordinary differential equations for stationary states that can smoothly go through the jump. Solutions of the system are in good agreement with experiments. For the flow down an inclined plane we take a similar approach and derive a simple model in which the velocity profile is not restricted to a parabolic or self-similar form. Two types of solutions with large surface distortions are found: solitary, kink-like propagating fronts, obtained when the flow rate is suddenly changed, and stationary jumps, obtained, for instance, behind a sluice gate. We then include time dependence in the model to study the stability of these waves. This allows us to distinguish between sub- and supercritical flows by calculating dispersion relations for wavelengths of the order of the width of the layer.
Explicit parametrix and local limit theorems for some degenerate diffusion processes

For a class of degenerate diffusion processes of rank 2, i.e. when only Poisson brackets of order one are needed to span the whole space, we obtain a parametrix representation of the density from which we derive some explicit Gaussian controls that characterize the additional singularity induced by the degeneracy. We then give a local limit theorem with the usual convergence rate for an associated Markov chain approximation. The key point is that the "weak" degeneracy allows to exploit the techniques first introduced by Konakov and Molchanov and then developed by Konakov and Mammen that rely on Gaussian approximations.
Sexual Dimorphism of North Indian Crania and its Forensic Application

Sex determination is a major challenge for forensic anthropologist in the medicolegal context. It constitutes initial step in personal identification from skeletal remains and is indispensable further to define age and stature of the deceased. There have been several studies on sex determination from different skeletal parts using osteometric and morphological approaches. Degree of sexual dimorphism and osteological standards vary across time and space. This requires need for valid population specific standards for sex determination. Skull is considered as the most discriminating after pelvis among skeletal parts. As in India, the population varies to a large extent, assortment of skeleton cannot be made representing the whole country in general; therefore, regional studies must be promoted. Each population group thus needs its own sex specific osteometric standards. No large scale study on North Indian skull was conducted. The aim of the present study is to provide the population specific sex discriminating osteometric standards to aid identification. A total of 483 crania (316 male and 167 females) with age range of 18-70 years of North Indian origin were studied using traditional osteometric methods. Twenty one traditional variables were measured. The p -value shows that all parameters were statistically significant and higher in males. The best parameters are bizygomatic breadth (BZBr) and mastoid bregma height (MBrHt) which were reflected by highest t values and highest classification accuracies i.e. 82.2 and 80.5% respectively. In stepwise analysis accuracy reached up to 84.75% with the selection of five variables named Bizygomatic Breadth (BZBr), Mastoid Bregma Height (MBrHt), Maximum Cranial Length (MaxCLt), Biauricular Breadth (BAUBr) and Maximum Cranial Breadth (MaxCBr). On the other hand, bizygomatic breadth (BZBr) alone provided a sex classification accuracy of 82.2 % in direct analysis.
Genetic parameters for milk production and persistency in the Iranian Holstein population by the multitrait random regression model

Abstract. For genetic dissection of milk, fat, and protein production traits in the Iranian primiparous Holstein dairy cattle, records of these traits were analysed using a multitrait random regression test-day model. Data set included 763 505 test-day records from 88 204 cows calving since 1993. The (co)variance components were estimated by Bayesian method. The obtained results indicated that as in case of genetic correlations within traits, genetic correlations between traits decrease as days in milk (DIM) got further apart. The strength of the correlations decreased with increasing DIM, especially between milk and fat. Heritability estimates for 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields were 0.31, 0.29, and 0.29, respectively. Heritabilities of test-day milk, fat, and protein yields for selected DIM were higher in the end than at the beginning or the middle of lactation. Heritabilities for persistency ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 and were generally highest for protein yield (0.05 to 0.24) and lowest for fat yield (0.02 to 0.17), with milk yield having intermediate values (0.06 to 0.22). Genetic correlations between persistency measures and 305-d production were higher for protein and milk yield than for fat yield. The genetic correlation of the same persistency measures between milk and fat yields averaged 0.76, and between milk and protein yields averaged 0.82.