Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Korean Approach to Zen: The Collected Works of Chinul

The author does not tell whether his difficulties stem from the theories, the study design, or the methods of data gathering and analysis. Precisely drawn charts, graphs, multiple regressions, and incomprehensibly complex path-analysis diagrams do not help much in overcoming the problems of replicating research developed in Lansing, Michigan, and exporting it to Ulsan, Korea. There is a vast distance between the two, even though the machines and the products are very much alike. The study illustrates the perils of doing cross-national research without a great deal of very careful preparation and adaptation. It also illustrates the perils of using an attitudinal survey design that is always fixed in time and place when the research locale and its population are in a very unstable political and institutional environment. For example, the data presented here tell us that Hyundai workers at Ulsan were generally satisfied with their jobs in 1983. But four years later they had significantly changed their work situation as a result of strikes and other confrontations with their employer and its agents. Recent changes in the Trade Union Law and the Works Council Law are not predicted at all in this study and are not explained by attitudinal data gathered on the employer's home turf, an institution resembling a Korean military establishment with a military-style supervisory system.
When the clinic becomes a home : Successful VCT and ART services in a stressful environment

With the upscaling of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-poor countries, many HIV-positive persons in Ghana have been accessing treatment in hospitals. Prevalence is relatively low compared to other African countries, 1.30%. HIV/AIDS remains heavily stigmatised in Ghana, which influences the provision and use of ART. This article investigates how HIV-positive persons accessing care and treatment go about their everyday lives in the ART clinic and how they have eventually come to see the clinic as a safe place that they call ‘home’. The study took place in two Ghanaian hospitals in the Ashanti Region which in 2013 had the country’s highest HIV prevalence rate of 1.30% [Ghana Health Service [GHS]/National AIDS Control Programme [NACP] (2013). 2013 HIV Sentinel Survey Report, Accra, Ghana]. It was conducted through ethnographic research, with data gathered in the two facilities through participant observation, conversations and in-depth interviews. It took place over a period of 15 months, between 2007 and 2010. In all, 24 health workers and 22 clients were interviewed in depth, while informal conversations were held with many others. The findings show that clients have adopted the clinic as a second home and used it to carry out various activities in order to avoid identification and stigmatisation as People Living with AIDS (PLWA). The most dramatic outcome was that, contrary to Ghanaian norms and values, people turned to non-kin for assistance. Accordingly, fellow clients and health personnel, rather than relatives, have become their ‘therapy management group’ [Janzen, J. M. (1987). Therapy Management: Concept, Reality, Process. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 1(1), 68–84]. The clients have thus created a fictive family within the clinic – made up of health workers (as ‘parents’), the clients themselves (as ‘children’) and the peer educators (as ‘aunts’ and ‘uncles’). In the face of persistent stigma associated with HIV infection in Ghana, the use of the clinic as a ‘home’ has on the one hand helped those receiving treatment to maintain their position, respect and reputation within their families and community, while on the other it prevents PLWA from disclosing. The study concludes that compassion is an important element in the professionalisation of healthcare workers in low-prevalence countries.
Malaria in soldiers returning from Vietnam. Epidemiologic, therapeutic, and clinical studies.

Abstract Malaria occurring in the U. S. A. among Army troops who returned from Vietnam in 1966 and 1967 was investigated epidemiologically and clinically. The incidence of malaria among returnees in the U. S. A. varied from 0.11 to 4.66% per year; rates of hospitalization for malaria for the same troops during their service in Vietnam varied from 2.3 to 4.8% per year. Infections with Plasmodium falciparum were rare in the U. S. A. but frequent in Vietnam. Clinically manifest vivax infections occurred significantly less often in Negro than in white men, which appeared to be due to natural resistance of the Negro. The 8-week CP regimen (300 mg chloroquine base plus 45 mg primaquine base once a week for 8 weeks), when used under field conditions as radical cure treatment of clinically manifest vivax malaria acquired in Vietnam, was associated with a 22.3% relapse rate. The disappointing results were due, at least in part, to failure of patients to complete the regimen. A significantly lower relapse rate (7%) was achieved with the easily supervised regimen of 15 mg primaquine base daily for 14 days. The secondary exoerythrocytic forms of Vietnam strains of Plasmodium vivax appear less susceptible to primaquine than those of Korean strains but more susceptible than those of the Chesson strain.
Confucian Gentlemen and Barbarian Envoys: The Opening of Korea, 1875–1885 . By Martina Deuchler. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press (Published for the Royal Asiatic Society Korea Branch), 1977. 310 pp. Illustrations. $17.00.

ployment in a considerable range of other occupations, including carpentry and factory labor, that do not require much specialized training or advanced education. Although most people no longer want to be farmers, they are reluctant to sell their land. The author's account of modern farming describes an intricate complex of agricultural mechanization that allows people to continue farming while also holding other employment. In a curious interplay of technology and sentiments, the purchase of one piece of farm machinery leads to the purchase of another piece, and, given the persisting desire to keep and use farm land, to a disproportionate investment in farm machinery. This circumstance appears in part to reflect local conditions, especially the fact that Kurusu iand holdings are smaller than the average for the nation. The author's account of the weakening of hamlet solidarity is the only writing of its kind I am aware of. His illustrative case is an acrimonious dispute over whether or not a chicken-processing plant should be established in the community. This conflict, and the ensuing estrangement of community members from one another, form the concluding chapter of the book; a brief epilogue gives the author's interpretation of the nature of the conflict. He states that "Kurusu had come out of it diminished but not irrevocably divided," and explains, reasonably, that the affair would not have been carried to such extremes of emotion if there had not earlier been "decline, erosion, stagnation" of community solidarity. This book may be recommended to scholars of Japan as a source of particularly clear and detailed information on cultural and social changes since the end of World War II. The work is best suited to those already acquainted with Japanese culture; its format does not provide the beginning student with a readily assimilable picture of life in the small community it describes.
Common trace elements alleviate pain in an experimental mouse model

Trace elements represent a group of essential metals or metaloids necessary for life, present in minute amounts. Analgesic adjuvants can enhance the effect of other pain drugs or be used for pain control themselves. Previous studies on the effects of trace elements on nociception and their potential use as analgesic adjuvants have yielded conflicting results. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that three vital trace elements (Zn2+, Mg2+, Cu2+) have direct antinociceptive effects. Groups of eight Swiss mice were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with incremental concentrations of Zn2+ sulfate (0.5, 2.0 mg/kg), Zn2+ citrate (0.125, 0.5 mg/kg), Mg2+ chloride (37.5, 75, 150 mg/kg), Cu2+ chloride (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg), and Cu2+ sulfate (0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) or saline (control). Evaluations were made by hot plate (HP) and tail flick (TF) tests for central antinociceptive effect, writhing test (WT) for visceral antinociceptive effect, and activity cage (AC) test for spontaneous behavior. Zn2+ induced pain inhibition in HP/TF tests (up to 17%) and WT (up to 25%), with no significant differences among the salts used. Mg2+ salts induced pain inhibition for all performed tests (up to 85% in WT). Cu2+ salts showed antinociceptive effects for HP/TF (up to 28.6%) and WT (57.28%). Only Mg2+ and Cu2+ salts have displayed significant effects in AC (Mg2+ anxiolytic/depressant effect; Cu2+ anxiolytic effect). We interpret these data to mean that all tested trace elements induced antinociceptive effects in central and visceral pain tests. Our data indicate the potential use of these cheap adjuvants in pain therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sonographic Differential Diagnosis of Acute Scrotum

Objective. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the role of high‐resolution and color Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum and testicular torsion in particular. Methods. Patients who underwent sonography for acute scrotum between April 2000 and September 2005 were included in the study. Gray scale and color Doppler sonography of the scrotum was performed. The spermatic cord was studied on longitudinal and transverse scans from the inguinal region up to the testis, and the whirlpool sign was looked for. Results. During this period, 221 patients underwent sonography for acute scrotum. Sixty‐five had epididymo‐orchitis with a straight spermatic cord, a swollen epididymis, testis, or both, an absent focal lesion in the testis, and increased flow on color Doppler studies along with the clinical features of infection. Three had testicular abscesses. Sonography revealed features of torsion of testicular appendages in 23 patients and acute idiopathic scrotal edema in 19. Complete torsion was seen in 61 patients who had the whirlpool sign on gray scale imaging and absent flow distal to the whirlpool. There was incomplete torsion in 4 patients in whom the whirlpool sign was seen on both gray scale and color Doppler imaging. Nine patients had segmental testicular infarction, and 1 had a torsion‐detorsion sequence revealing testicular hyperemia. In 14 patients, the findings were equivocal. There was a complicated hydrocele, mumps orchitis, and vasculitis of Henoch‐Schönlein purpura in 1 patient each. Five patients had normal findings. Fourteen were lost for follow‐up. Conclusions. Sonography of acute scrotum should include study of the spermatic cord. The sonographic real‐time whirlpool sign is the most specific and sensitive sign of torsion, both complete and incomplete. Intermittent testicular torsion is a challenging clinical condition with a spectrum of clinical and sonographic features.
Cross-correlation imaging of ambient noise sources

This research was supported by the Swiss National Supercomputing Center (CSCS) in the form of the GeoScale and CH1 projects, by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under grant 200021 149143 and by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (VIDI grant 864.11.008). Iber-Array data are a contribution of the Team Consolider-Ingenio 2010 TOPO-IBERIA (CSD2006-00041).
Relationship between major and minor salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma malignancy grading and presence of stromal myofibroblasts: immunohistochemical study.

OBJECTIVE Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary tumour, classified as low, intermediate and high grade. Myofibroblasts are the main stromal component and are included as prognostic factor in some tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the myofibroblasts in the stroma of MEC with possible relationship to malignancy grading. METHODS Twenty-five cases of MEC (six low grade, 11 intermediate grade, four high grade and four metastasis) were stained for vimentin, desmin and smooth muscle actin (SMA) for the identification of myofibroblasts. Transforming growth factors (TGFbeta1 and TGFbetaRII) were also assessed in our study. RESULTS Myofibroblasts were present in all cases, in amounts varying according to histological grading. TGFbeta1 was positive in squamous cells of intermediate grade tumours, and in the stroma of only four cases. TGFbetaRII was positive in most squamous and intermediate cells, regardless of malignancy grading. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the analysis of neoplastic stroma must be added to the studies of neoplastic cells to draw a better picture leading to tumour diagnosis and prognosis.
Effects of melatonin on 3‐nitrotyrosine formation and energy charge ratio in guinea pig kidney in LPS‐induced stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Escherichia coli‐derived lipopolysaccharide on guinea pig kidney by measuring the energy charge ratio and 3‐nitrotyrosine levels. In addition the possible protective role of melatonin against lipopolysaccharide‐mediated peroxynitrite formation and energy depletion of kidney was determined. Guinea pigs were either pretreated with melatonin or saline (for the control) followed by intraperitoneal administration of E. coli. Six hours after the administration of E. coli, guinea pig kidney ATP, ADP, AMP and 3‐nitrotyrosine levels were measured by reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. There was a significant increase in the formation of 3‐nitrotyrosine and decrease in energy charge in the endotoxin‐induced group. However melatonin administration prevented 3‐nitrotyrosine formation while failing to prevent or restore changes in the energy charge ratio of the kidney. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality

To raise the question of the nature of narrative is to invite reflection on the very nature of culture and, possibly, even on the nature of humanity itself. So natural is the impulse to narrate, so inevitable is the form of narrative for any report of the way things really happened, that narrativity could appear problematical only in a culture in which it was absent-absent or, as in some domains of contemporary Western intellectual and artistic culture, programmatically refused. As a panglobal fact of culture, narrative and narration are less problems than simply data. As the late (and already profoundly missed) Roland Barthes remarked, narrative "is simply there like life itself. international, transhistorical, transcultural. "' Far from being a problem, then, narrative might well be considered a solution to a problem of general human concern, namely, the problem of how to translate knowing into telling,2 the problem of fashioning human experience into a form assimilable to structures of meaning that are generally human rather than culture-specific. We may not be able fully to comprehend specific thought patterns of another culture, but we have relatively less difficulty understanding a story coming from another culture, however exotic that
Towards Applications of Capability Sensitive Design of Technologies

The Capability Approach (CA) introduced by Amartya Sen (A. Sen, 1988, 1990) is focused upon the moral significance of individuals’ capability of achieving the kind of lives they have reasons to value. Within the CA framework, information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be seen as tools for expanding individual capabilities. By expanding informational capabilities, technologies can contribute to users’ social empowerment (Johnstone, 2007). Presently, the functionings enabled by ICTs and their impacts are increasingly social. Consequently, technology design is increasingly centered on people and human-computer interactions. Designing software with local relevance and suited to the African context, is a priority within the Mobile Empowerment R&D unit of SAP-Research (Pretoria). As part of the Advanced Development Unit, SAP-Research (Pretoria) in South Africa has adopted design thinking as a method for the design of contextualized ICTs. In this paper we align the theoretical underpinnings of CA with the innovation methodology of design thinking. We argue that design thinking can be applied as a method, a set of research tools, behaviors and activities, for carrying out ‘capability sensitive design’; a term merging CA with ‘value sensitive design’ which was originally introduced by (I. Oosterlaken, 2009). We also argue that CA offers a framework for the development of a body-of-knowledge which can inform design thinking activities, within the scope of projects aimed at developing technologies in a capability sensitive manner.
Chemopreventive effect of thymoquinone on benzo ( a ) pyrene-induced lung cancer in male swiss albino mice

Benzo[a]pyrene [B(a)P], a well-known environmental carcinogen, promotes oxidative stress and DNA damage. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main active constituent of black seed essential oil, exhibits promising effects against inflammatory diseases and cancer. The present study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of TQ on [B(a)P] -induced lung cancer in mice. One hundred male Swiss Albino mice were divided into four equal groups. Group Ι :( Control group) received no drugs. Group Π :( lung cancerinduced group) mice administered with a single dose of [B(a)P] (100 mg/ kg b.wt, intraperitoneally). Group III :( lung cancer + TQ treated group) mice injected with [B(a)P] as in group II and treated with TQ (20 mg/kg b.wt/day, orally) from 22th week to 30th weeks. Group IV: (lung cancer + TQ protected group) mice received TQ (20 mg/kg b.wt. / Orally) on alternate days from 1 day prior to [B(a)P] injection and were treated continuously with TQ until 30th week (end of experiment). Blood samples and lung tissue specimens were collected at the end of experimental period (30 week) for determination of serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), Haptoglobin (HPT) and Gamma glutamyl transferase (ɤ-GT) in addition to catalase (CAT), Super oxide dismutase(SOD), L-Malondialdehyde (LMDA), Caspase3, DNA fragmentation(DF), Cycloxygenase -2(COX-2) in lung tissues. The obtained results revealed that, [B(a)P] potentially increased serum ɤGT activity, HP and CEA levels in addition to lung tissues COX-2, Caspase 3 gene, L-MDA and DNA fragmentation. However, SOD and GST activities in lung tissues were significantly decreased. TQ treatment was able to mitigate lung cancer induced by [B(a)P] through enhanced the activity of SOD, CAT and attenuated the increased caspase 3 gene, DNA fragmentation, COX-2 and L-MDA in lung tissues and serum CEA, HP and ɤGT. It could be concluded that, TQ may be effective in reducing lung cancer by its radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory effect, regenerating endogenous antioxidant mechanisms and decreased caspase3 gene and DNA fragmentation in lung tissues. These results suggest that, the possible efficiency of TQ as an distinct chemo-preventive agent in lung carcinogenesis.
Erythrocyte polymorphisms in five ethnic groups of Northern Côte d’Ivoire

Distribution of some erythrocyte polymorphisms was investigated in five Northern Côte d’Ivoire ethnic groups. For the ABO blood group system, the frequencies of alleles p, q and r were 0.119, 0.150 and 0.731, respectively, while the frequencies of alleles D and d of the Rh blood group system were 0.726 and 0.274, respectively. These values are consistent with published data, while the high incidence of HbAS genotype could result from microevolutionay trends acting on this relatively small population. No 27‐bp Southeast Asian ovalocytosis gene deletion was found in the sample.
Avulsion cycles and their stratigraphic signature on an experimental backwater‐controlled delta

River deltas grow in large part through repeated cycles of lobe construction and channel avulsion. Understanding avulsion cycles is important for coastal restoration and ecology, land management, and flood hazard mitigation. Emerging theories suggest that river avulsions on lowland deltas are controlled by backwater hydrodynamics; however, our knowledge of backwater‐controlled avulsion cycles is limited. Here we present results from an experimental delta that evolved under persistent backwater hydrodynamics achieved through variable flood discharges, shallow bed slopes, and subcritical flows. The experimental avulsion cycles consisted of an initial phase of avulsion setup, an avulsion trigger, selection of a new flow path, and abandonment of the parent channel. Avulsions were triggered during the largest floods (78% of avulsions) after the channel was filled by a fraction (0.3 ± 0.13) of its characteristic flow depth at the avulsion site, which occurred in the upstream part of the backwater zone. The new flow path following avulsion was consistently one of the shortest paths to the shoreline, and channel abandonment occurred through temporal decline in water flow and sediment delivery to the parent channel. Experimental synthetic stratigraphy indicates that bed thicknesses were maximum at the avulsion sites, consistent with our morphologic measurements of avulsion setup and the idea that there is a record of avulsion locations and thresholds in sedimentary rocks. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings within the context of sustainable management of deltas, their stratigraphic record, and predicting avulsions on deltas.
Cochlear Implantation in Children With Anomalous Cochleovestibular Anatomy

Objectives/Hypothesis: To evaluate outcomes after cochlear implantation in children with anomalous cochleovestibular anatomy, a review of radiological classification, surgical implantation, and outcome of 103 children with such anomalies was performed. The hypothesis was that children with anomalous cochleovestibular anatomy would have poorer outcomes and therefore be poorer candidates as a result of their diminished ability to interpolate and use auditory information delivered through a cochlear implant.
Immediate Active Range of Motion after Modified 2-Incision Repair in Acute Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture

Background Different rehabilitation protocols have been used after repair of distal biceps ruptures. Purpose This study investigates the safety of immediate active range of motion protocol after modified 2-incision distal biceps tendon repair in acute ruptures. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were participants in this study. After repair, the upper extremities were placed in a sling for 1 to 2 days and then immediate active range of motion was started. For the first 6 weeks, the elbow was allowed activities of daily living as tolerated by the patient with a 1-lb weight-lifting restriction. Elbow range of motion, isometric and dynamic flexion, and supination strengths were recorded and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores were obtained. Results Mean follow-up extension was 0° and mean follow-up flexion was 141° on the operated side, with supination of 74° and pronation of 75°. The mean DASH score for 21 patients was 3.6 ± 3.6 (range, 0-11.4). The mean follow-up isometric flexion strength was found to be 5% (P = .411), and the power (dynamic strength) of flexion was 12% greater on the operated side (P = .046). However, follow-up isometric supination strength was 9% less on the involved side than on the noninvolved side (P = .030), and the power of supination was 11% less on the operated side (P = .007). There were no tendon reruptures at follow-up, determined by physical examination. Conclusion A modified 2-incision distal biceps repair allows a safe immediate active range of motion protocol with early return of nearly full range of motion and strength, without any clinically significant disability.