Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using game-based inquiry learning to meet the changing directions of science education

This paper presents the results of a study designed to develop pre-service teachers‘ skills and pedagogical understanding of how game-based learning can be used in a classroom. The study used a technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) conceptual model. 18 pre-service science teachers participated in the study that used Death in Rome, a point and click inquiry-based game to learn how to teach scientific inquiry. In the workshop the participants were required to complete several activities using game-based learning that included the evaluation of a range of online games and virtual worlds. Participants were required to complete pre-and post-tests. The results of the pre-and post-tests indicate that there was a significant shift in pre-service teachers‘ attitudes towards game-based learning as a result of the workshop. Overall, this study showed a positive change in attitudes towards game-based learning in science education.
The challenges to inferring the regulators of biodiversity in deep time

Attempts to infer the ecological drivers of macroevolution in deep time have long drawn inspiration from work on extant systems, but long-term evolutionary and geological changes complicate the simple extrapolation of such theory. Recent efforts to incorporate a more informed ecology into macroevolution have moved beyond the descriptive, seeking to isolate generating mechanisms and produce testable hypotheses of how groups of organisms usurp each other or coexist over vast timespans. This theme issue aims to exemplify this progress, providing a series of case studies of how novel modelling approaches are helping infer the regulators of biodiversity in deep time. In this Introduction, we explore the challenges of these new approaches. First, we discuss how our choices of taxonomic units have implications for the conclusions drawn. Second, we emphasize the need to embrace the interdependence of biotic and abiotic changes, because no living organism ignores its environment. Third, in the light of parts 1 and 2, we discuss the set of dynamic signatures that we might expect to observe in the fossil record. Finally, we ask whether these dynamics represent the most ecologically informative foci for research efforts aimed at inferring the regulators of biodiversity in deep time. The papers in this theme issue contribute in each of these areas.
Procedural hazards of neonatal ultrasonography

Neonatal ultrasonography entails potential procedural hazards to the newborn infant. When performing ultrasound studies, the examiner may inadvertently move the endotracheal tube or may facilitate the spread of infection from one baby to another. The examiner should also be aware that the pressure of applying the transducer to the scalp is transmitted to the central nervous system and that the baby may become hypothermic during the procedure. Precautions include minimizing head and neck movement and application of pressure on the fontanel, using prewarmed coupling gel, which is removed after scanning, careful handwashing, and wiping the transducer with 70% isopropyl alcohol or 2% alkalinized glutaraldehyde between studies.
How much exposure to English is necessary for a bilingual toddler to perform like a monolingual peer in language tests?

BACKGROUND Bilingual children are under-referred due to an ostensible expectation that they lag behind their monolingual peers in their English acquisition. The recommendations of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (RCSLT) state that bilingual children should be assessed in both the languages known by the children. However, despite these recommendations, a majority of speech and language professionals report that they assess bilingual children only in English as bilingual children come from a wide array of language backgrounds and standardized language measures are not available for the majority of these. Moreover, even when such measures do exist, they are not tailored for bilingual children. AIMS It was asked whether a cut-off exists in the proportion of exposure to English at which one should expect a bilingual toddler to perform as well as a monolingual on a test standardized for monolingual English-speaking children. METHODS & PROCEDURES Thirty-five bilingual 2;6-year-olds exposed to British English plus an additional language and 36 British monolingual toddlers were assessed on the auditory component of the Preschool Language Scale, British Picture Vocabulary Scale and an object-naming measure. All parents completed the Oxford Communicative Development Inventory (Oxford CDI) and an exposure questionnaire that assessed the proportion of English in the language input. Where the CDI existed in the bilingual's additional language, these data were also collected. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Hierarchical regression analyses found the proportion of exposure to English to be the main predictor of the performance of bilingual toddlers. Bilingual toddlers who received 60% exposure to English or more performed like their monolingual peers on all measures. K-means cluster analyses and Levene variance tests confirmed the estimated English exposure cut-off at 60% for all language measures. Finally, for one additional language for which we had multiple participants, additional language CDI production scores were significantly inversely related to the amount of exposure to English. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Typically developing 2;6-year-olds who are bilingual in English and an additional language and who hear English 60% of the time or more, perform equivalently to their typically developing monolingual peers.
Antagonistic antimicrobial activity of marine fungi and bacteria isolated from marine biofilm and seawaters of Hong Kong

The antagonistic interaction between marine fungi and marine bacteria was investi- gated using 19 bacterial species isolated from marine biofilm and 46 waterborne fungal isolates obtained from Hong Kong waters. Of the 46 fungal isolates, 70% inhibited the growth of at least 1 tar- get bacterial species. Active fungal strains belonged mainly to the genera Cladosporium, Para- phaeosphaeria, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Phoma, and Arthrinium. Eight fungal isolates (17% of all fungal isolates tested) were sensitive to at least 1 target bacterial species. Eleven of the 19 bacterial species showed antifungal activity. Two Staphylococcus strains inhibited the growth of all of the sensitive fungal strains. The results indicated that marine fungi could provide an important source of natural antimicrofouling compounds and that the interaction between marine fungi and marine bacteria in biofilms cannot easily be generalized.
Tax Havens and FDI Spillovers: Implications for LDCs

Tax competition and spillover models offer ambiguous predictions concerning the economic impact of tax havens on non-tax havens. The implications of tax havens for less developed countries (LDCs), in particular, are not well understood and are little studied. This paper investigates the impact of tax havens on non-tax haven countries in terms of foreign direct investment (FDI). We investigate the importance of agglomeration effects by accounting for the level of FDI inflows as well as the role of geography by measuring proximity to the nearest tax haven. Our analysis yields several interesting findings. First, using panel data for 142 countries, we find evidence of positive spillovers from tax havens to nearby LDCs, but not to nearby developed countries. Second, restricting our panel to LDCs, we find the positive effect of tax haven FDI on LDCs to be robust. Third, we find that geographic distance matters for financial flows: LDCs which are the closest to a nearby tax haven benefit the most in terms of FDI inflows. This result is robust to including a lag of the dependent variable and accounting for spatial interdependence of FDI. We conclude that tax haven activity has beneficial implications for FDI inflows of nearby LDCs.
A MATERNAL BUT NOT PATERNAL ASSOCIATION OF AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE WITH ALBUMIN EXCRETION IN YOUNG OFFSPRING WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES Running Title : Maternal BP and offspring albumin excretion

Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Oxford Children's Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK Institute of Child Life & Health, UBHT Education Centre, Bristol, UK WellChild Laboratory, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Levels of Physical Activity among Participants in the JACC Study

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is thought to play an important role in the maintenance and promotion of health, and practical questionnaires assessing levels of physical activity are currently a widely used method in epidemiological research. METHODS: As a part of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study) for Evaluation of Cancer Risk sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (Monbusho), we investigated the status of physical activity of cohort participants aged 40-79. A total of 110,792 participants (46,465 men and 64,327 women) completed the baseline survey from 1988-1990. Questionnaires concerning physical activity contained the following questions: 1) How much time per week on average do you spend engaging in sports or physical exercise? (at least 5 hours, 3-4 hours, 1-2 hours, little); 2) How much time per day on average do you spend walking either indoors or outdoors? (longer than 1 hour, 30 min-1 hour, about 30 min, little). RESULTS: In total, 68.7% of men and 76.2% of women responded with “little” to the amount of time spent engaged in sports or physical exercise. The proportion of time spent on habitual physical exercise (sports and physical exercise of one hour or more per week) was lowest in the 50-59 years age group and increased with age among participants aged 50-79. In addition, 49.4% of men and 50.7% of women responded with “more than 1 hour per day” to the amount of time spent walking. CONCLUSION: These results show that the proportion of habitual physical exercise was relatively low in the JACC Study and increased with age among participants aged 50-79, whereas almost half walked for more than one hour a day.
Reduced risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcer complications with celecoxib, a novel COX-2 inhibitor

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the rate of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) ulcer complications (bleeding, perforation, or gastric outlet obstruction) associated with celecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, compared with the rate associated with nonspecific, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). METHODS:A pooled analysis was conducted of 14 multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and a separate analysis of one long-term open label trial that assessed the efficacy and safety of celecoxib for symptomatic treatment of arthritis. The RCTs enrolled 11,008 patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis treated for 2–24 wk; the long-term open label trial enrolled 5,155 patients receiving celecoxib for a maximum of 2 yr. In the RCTs, patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 1,864; 208 patient-years), celecoxib 25–400 mg b.i. d. (n = 6,376; 1,020 patient-years), or a comparator NSAID (n = 2,768; 535 patient-years); NSAIDs were naproxen 500 mg b.i. d. , diclofenac 50 or 75 mg b.i. d. , or ibuprofen 800 mg t.i. d. ). In the long-term, open-label trial, patients received celecoxib 100–400 mg b.i. d. for up to 2 yr (n = 5,155; 5,002 patient-years). The principal outcome measure of this analysis was development of a UGI ulcer complication, which was prospectively defined as bleeding, perforation, or gastric outlet obstruction. Ulcer complications were assessed and adjudicated by persons blinded to the patient's treatment assignment or the study in which the patient participated.RESULTS:In the RCTs, UGI ulcer complications occurred in no placebo patients (0 of 1,864 patients), in 2 of 6,376 celecoxib patients (0.03%), and in 9 of 2,768 patients receiving an NSAID (0.33%), corresponding to annual incidences of 0.20% for celecoxib (p > 0.05vs placebo) and 1.68% for NSAIDs (p = 0.002vs celecoxib and placebo). In the long-term open-label trial, nine UGI ulcer complications occurred, for an incidence of 0.17% and an annualized incidence of 0.18%. CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of UGI ulcer complications associated with celecoxib was 8-fold lower than with nonspecific NSAIDs. The incidence of ulcer complications observed in celecoxib-treated patients was similar to that in patients receiving placebo in the RCTs, and to that in non-NSAID users reported in the literature.
Direct Observation of Endocytosis of Gastrin Releasing Peptide and Its Receptor (*)

Endocytosis of the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) may regulate cellular responses to GRP. We observed endocytosis in transfected epithelial cells by confocal microscopy using cyanine 3-GRP (cyanine 3.18-labeled gastrin releasing peptide) and GRP-R antibodies. At 4°C, cy3-GRP and GRP-R were confined to the plasma membrane. After 5 min at 37°C, ligand and receptor were internalized into early endosomes with fluorescein isothiocyanate-transferrin. After 10 min, cy3-GRP and GRP-R were in perinuclear vesicles, and at 60 min cy3-GRP was in large, central vesicles, while GRP-R was at the cell surface. We quantified surface GRP-R using an antibody to an extracellular epitope and an 125I-labeled secondary antibody. After exposure to GRP, there was a loss and subsequent recovery of surface GRP-R. Recovery was unaffected by cycloheximide, and thus independent of new protein synthesis, but was attenuated by acidotropic agents, and therefore required endosomal acidification. Internalization of 125I-GRP, assessed using an acid wash, was maximal after 10-20 min, and was clathrin-mediated since it was inhibited by hyperosmolar sucrose and phenylarsine oxide. Thus, GRP and its receptor are rapidly internalized into early endosomes and then dissociate in an acidified compartment. GRP is probably degraded whereas the GRP-R recycles.
Ethanol and production of the hepatotoxic metabolite of acetaminophen in healthy adults

Recent case reports suggest that consumption of ethanol may increase the risk of liver injury induced by acetaminophen (INN, paracetamol). However, this possibility is at odds with previous clinical studies that showed that acute ethanol ingestion could protect against hepatotoxicity by inhibiting CYP‐mediated acetaminophen oxidation. We tested the hypothesis that ethanol ingestion can increase susceptibility to acetaminophen toxicity if acetaminophen ingestion occurs shortly after ethanol is cleared from the body.
On the Use of Demographic Models of Population Viability in Endangered Species Management

We examine why demographic models should be used cautiously in Population Viability Analysis (PVA) with endangered species. We review the structure, data requirements, and outputs of analytical, deterministic single-population, stochastic single-population, metapopulation, and spatially explicit models. We believe predictions from quantitative models for endangered species are unreliable due to poor quality of demographic data used in most applications, difficulties in estimating variance in demographic rates, and lack of information on dispersal (distances, ages, mortality, movement patterns). Unreliable estimates also arise because stochastic models are difficult to validate, environmental trends and periodic fluctuations are rarely considered, the form of density dependence is frequently unknown but greatly affects model outcomes, and alternative model structures can result in very different predicted effects of management regimes. We suggest that PVA (1) evaluate relative rather than absolute rates of extinction, (2) emphasize short-time periods for making projections, (3) start with simple models and choose an approach that data can support, (4) use models cautiously to diagnose causes of decline and examine potential routes to recovery, (5) evaluate cumulative ending functions and alternative reference points rather than extinction rates, (6) examine all feasible scenarios, and (7) mix genetic and demographic currencies sparingly. Links between recovery options and PVA models should be established by conducting field tests of model assumptions and field validation of secondary model predictions.
Comparative analysis of primary versus relapse/refractory DLBCL identifies shifts in mutation spectrum

Current understanding of the mutation spectrum of relapsed/refractory (RR) tumors is limited. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 47 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumors that persisted after R-CHOP treatment, 8 matched to primary biopsies. We compared genomic alterations from the RR cohort against two treatment-naïve DLBCL cohorts (n=112). While the overall number and types of mutations did not differ significantly, we identified frequency changes in DLBCL driver genes. The overall frequency of MYD88 mutant samples increased (12% to 19%), but we noted a decrease in p.L265P (8% to 4%) and increase in p.S219C mutations (2% to 6%). CARD11 p.D230N, PIM1 p.K115N and CD79B p.Y196C mutations were not observed in the RR cohort, although these mutations were prominent in the primary DLBCL samples. We observed an increase in BCL2 mutations (21% to 38% of samples), BCL2 amplifications (3% to 6% of samples) and CREBBP mutations (31% to 42% of samples) in the RR cohort, supported by acquisition of mutations in these genes in relapsed compared to diagnostic biopsies from the same patient. These increases may reflect the genetic characteristics of R-CHOP RR tumors expected to be enriched for during clinical trial enrollment. These findings hold significance for a number of emerging targeted therapies aligned to genetic targets and biomarkers in DLBCL, reinforcing the importance of time-of-treatment biomarker screening during DLBCL therapy selection.
Wi-Multi: A Three-Phase System for Multiple Human Activity Recognition With Commercial WiFi Devices

Channel state information-based activity recognition has gathered immense attention over recent years. Many existing works achieved desirable performance in various applications, including healthcare, security, and Internet of Things, with different machine learning algorithms. However, they usually fail to consider the availability of enough samples to be trained. Besides, many applications only focus on the scenario where only single subject presents. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a three-phase system Wi-multi that targets at recognizing multiple human activities in a wireless environment. Different system phases are applied according to the size of available collected samples. Specifically, distance-based classification using dynamic time warping is applied when there are few samples in the profile. Then, support vector machine is employed when representative features can be extracted from training samples. Lastly, recurrent neural networks is exploited when a large number of samples are available. Extensive experiments results show that Wi-multi achieves an accuracy of 96.1% on average. It is also able to achieve a desirable tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency in different phases.
Evaluation and Outcome of Patients with Syncope

We studied 433 patients with syncope to derive insights into the diagnostic evaluation and outcome of patients with this common problem. This study shows that the etiology of syncope was not found in approximately 41% of patients. When a cause of syncope was determined, it was most frequently established on the basis of initial history, physical examination and an electrocardiogram (EKG). Furthermore, many of the other entities (e.g., aortic stenosis, subclavian steal) were suggested by findings on the history and physical examinations that required directed diagnostic testing. Initial EKG was abnormal in 50% of patients but led to a cause of syncope infrequently (less than 7%). Prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring, which has assumed a central role in the evaluation of syncope, led to a specific cause in only 22% of patients. Other tests were less often helpful in assigning a cause of syncope. At 5 years, the mortality of 50.5% in patients with a cardiac cause of syncope was significantly higher than the 30% mortality in patients with a noncardiac cause or 24.1% in patients with an unknown cause. At 5 years, a mortality of 50.5% in patients with a cardiac cause of syncope was noted. There were 54 actual deaths in this group as compared to 10.7 expected deaths based on 1980-86 mortality data from Allegheny County, PA (standardized mortality ratio = 5.02). At 5 years, a 33.1% incidence of sudden death was noted in patients with cardiac cause of syncope, as compared with 4.9% in patients with a noncardiac cause and 8.5% in patients with an unknown cause. Mortality and sudden death remained significant for the first 3 years after which the survival curves were parallel. A cardiac cause of syncope was an independent predictor of sudden death and mortality. Recurrences were common but were not associated with an increased risk of mortality or sudden death. Major vascular events were also more frequent in patients with cardiac causes of syncope. The results of this study will be helpful in designing future studies to evaluate the usefulness of newer diagnostic techniques. Furthermore, short- and long-term outcome data will be useful in planning intervention strategies in these patients.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the matrix metalloproteinase gene family and the frequency and duration of gastroesophageal reflux disease influence the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma

The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteins mediates various cellular pathways, including apoptosis and angiogenesis. Polymorphisms of MMP genes are associated with increased esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) risk. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an established EAC risk factor. We examined whether MMP polymorphism‐EAC risk is modified by GERD. In total, 309 EAC patients and 279 frequency‐matched healthy controls underwent MMP1 1G/2G, MMP3 6A/5A, MMP12 −82A/G and MMP12 1082A/G genotyping. Questionnaires collected GERD history. EAC risk was analyzed using logistic regression, adjusted for key covariates and stratified by GERD. Joint effects models explored GERD severity and duration, whereas additional models explored genotype–GERD interactions in EAC risk. We determined that each MMP1 and MMP3 minor (variant) allele was independently associated with increased EAC risk (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–5.1, p < 0.001 and AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.7, p = 0.01, respectively) only among those with GERD but not in GERD‐free individuals (all p = nonsignificant). There were significant interactions between the MMP1 variants and the presence of GERD (p = 0.002) and between MMP3 variants and GERD (p = 0.04). There was an equally strong interaction between cumulative GERD severity and MMP1 (p = 0.002). The AOR of each variant allele was 14.9 (95% CI 1.6–136) for individuals with severe GERD, 1.7 (95% CI 1.0–2.7) for mild‐moderate GERD and 0.98 (95% CI 0.7–1.4) for those without GERD. This was further reflected in separate analyses of frequency and duration of GERD. In conclusion, MMP1 1G/2G (and possibly MMP3 6A/5A) polymorphisms alter EAC risk differentially for GERD and GERD‐free individuals.