Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ribosome Biogenesis is Necessary for Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

Muscle hypertrophy occurs when the rate of protein synthesis exceeds the rate of degradation. A main factor determining the rate of protein synthesis is ribosome abundance or translational capacity. The production of ribosomes is a primary determinant of translational capacity. Based on studies from our laboratory, we propose the novel hypothesis that ribosome biogenesis is necessary for skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Soluble Structure of CLIC and S100 Proteins Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy

The ability to visualise proteins in their native environment and discern information regarding stoichiometry is of critical importance when studying protein interactions and function. We have used liquid cell atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualise proteins in their native state in buffer and have determined their molecular volumes. The human proteins S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 and CLIC1 were used in this investigation. The effect of oxidation on the protein structure of CLIC1 was also investigated and we found that CLIC1 multimerisation could be discerned by AFM, which supports similar findings by other methods. We have found good correlation between the molecular volumes measured by AFM and the calculated volumes of the individual proteins. This method allows for the study of single soluble proteins under physiological conditions and could potentially be extended to study the structure of these proteins when located within a membrane environment.
Activation‐dependent expression of the blood group‐related Lewis Y antigen on peripheral blood granulocytes

The expression of the difucosyl‐lactosamine type 2 oligosaccharide Lewis Y (LeY) on peripheral blood cells was investigated. As assessed by the reactivity with the mouse anti‐LeY monoclonal antibody (mAb) ABL 364 among circulating blood cells, the expression of the LeY oligosaccharide was uniquely restricted to granulocytes. Although the density of LeY expressed on resting granulocytes was weak, in vitro activation of granulocytes with fMLP induced a rapid and pronounced increase in granulocyte LeY expression. Analysis of CEA‐related glycoproteins immunoprecipitated with anti‐CD66 mAbs followed by immunoblotting with mAb ABL 364 showed that granulocyte LeY is attached to members of the CD66 cluster, in particular to the 160/90 kD glycoprotein recognized by anti‐CD66 mAb CBL/gran 10. The activation‐associated increase in LeY attached to CD66 adhesion molecules implicates a role of the LeY determinant in the cytoadhesive properties of granulocytes.
Detection of antibodies against free-living amoebae Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba species in a population of patients with encephalitis.

BACKGROUND Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba species are 2 free-living amoebae responsible for granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in humans and animals. We have screened serum samples from hospitalized patients with encephalitis for antibodies against these 2 amoebae as a means of detecting a disease with few defining symptoms and a poor prognosis. METHODS Indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) staining of serum samples from patients with encephalitis was conducted over a period of 6 years to detect amoeba antibodies. More than 250 serum samples from patients hospitalized with encephalitis were screened. Most of the samples were from patients in California and were screened as part of the California Encephalitis Project, with a small number of specimens from other states. RESULTS During the course of the study, 7 cases of Balamuthia encephalitis were detected; all cases were detected in Hispanic individuals, and all cases were fatal. Examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained and immunostained sections of brain tissue obtained at biopsy or autopsy for amoebae confirmed balamuthiasis in all serum samples with positive IFA results. One case of Acanthamoeba encephalitis was detected in an immunocompromised individual with a normal antibody titer by identification of amoebae in immunostained brain tissue obtained at autopsy. CONCLUSIONS IFA can be successfully used in screening for balamuthiasis and acanthamoebiasis in patients whose clinical presentation, laboratory results, and neuroimaging findings are suggestive of amoebic encephalitis. Ideally, this can lead to an earlier definitive diagnosis and earlier start of antimicrobial therapy. Without IFA staining, the balamuthiasis cases in our study would have been diagnosed as neurocysticercosis, tumor, tuberculosis, or viral encephalitis or would have been undiagnosed.
Differential promoter activities of functional haplotypes in the 5′‐flanking region of human Sulfotransferase 1A1

Previously, we reported five common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), −624G>C, −396G>A, −358A>C, −341C>G, and −294T>C, and six common haplotypes (CGACT, GAACT, GGAGC, GGACC, CAACT, and GAACC) in the 5′‐flanking region of the SULT1A1 gene that were associated with altered enzymatic activity. In the present study, we performed in vitro assays to determine the functional impact of these genetic variations on the promoter activity. Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed that these SNPs are located in a negative regulatory fragment of the SULT1A1 gene. Further experiments demonstrated that these SNPs and haplotypes affected promoter activities of SULT1A1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed distinctive binding patterns for the SNPs ‐396G>A and ‐294T>C, due to differential binding affinities of the G/A alleles and the T/C alleles to nuclear proteins extracted from the liver carcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and Huh7. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:422–428, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21437
A wearable, highly stable, strain and bending sensor based on high aspect ratio graphite nanobelts

A simple and scalable method was developed for the fabrication of wearable strain and bending sensors, based on high aspect ratio (length/thickness ∼103) graphite nanobelt thin films deposited by a modified Langmuir–Blodgett technique onto flexible polymer substrates. The sensing mechanism is based on the changes in contact resistance between individual nanobelts upon substrate deformation. Very high sensor response stability for more than 5000 strain–release cycles and a device power consumption as low as 1 nW were achieved. The device maximum stretchability is limited by the metal electrodes and the polymer substrate; the maximum strain that could be applied to the polymer used in this work was 40%. Bending tests carried out for various radii of curvature demonstrated distinct sensor responses for positive and negative curvatures. The graphite nanobelt thin flexible films were successfully tested for acoustic vibration and heartbeat sensing.
Identification of lactic acid bacteria with bio-preservative potential isolated from contaminated avian blood obtained at the slaughterhouse

La sangre es uno de los residuos más contaminantes de la industria cárnica, y a la vez es tiene diversas aplicaciones en la industria alimenticia animal. No obstante, dado que la sangre es altamente susceptible a la descomposición microbiana, ella y sus fracciones suelen no estar disponibles para su uso como ingredientes en la industria alimenticia. La biopreservación se presenta como una alternativa para mejorar la calidad de la sangre y de esta forma presentarla como un ingrediente en la elaboración de productos alimenticios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar e identificar bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) a partir de sangre aviar obtenida en mataderos industriales y evaluar su actividad antimicrobiana. Se aislaron 96 colonias presuntivas de BAL a partir de sangre aviar, las cuales fueron genotipificadas. Se estudiaron 31 BAL obtenidas a partir de diferentes muestras de sangre y se identificaron 11 grupos de bacterias diferentes a partir del análisis de restricción del ADN microbiano. De éstas, 28 produjeron compuestos antimicrobianos como ácidos orgánicos, 11 generaron peróxido de hidrógeno (H 2 O 2 ) y dos fueron productoras de sustancias tipo bacteriocinas. Estas últimas, identificadas como Lactobacillus salivarius (DSPV 027SA) y Enterococcus faecalis (DSPV 008SA), inhibieron el crecimiento de Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y algunos serotipos de Salmonella spp. De esta forma se lograron identificar dos cepas de BAL como potenciales candidatas para ser aplicadas en un sistema de biopreservación de sangre aviar. Esta herramienta biotecnológica es más económica que otras técnicas de sanitización y reduciría el riesgo de transmisión de microorganismos patógenos a lo largo de la cadena agroalimentaria.
The Dynamics of Causality between Entrepreneurship and Employment

This paper examines the dynamic inter-relationship between different measures of entrepreneurship - business ownership rates and entry rates - and unemployment rates for Portugal over the period 1983-2000. On the one hand, unemployment rates may stimulate start-up activity of self-employment. On the other hand, higher start-up rates, or higher self-employment, may facilitate industrial re-structuring and renewal, decreasing unemployment in subsequent periods. The overlap between this two effects results in considerable ambiguity about the interrelationship between unemployment and entrepreneurial activity. This paper uses a two-equation vector auto-regression model capable of reconciling these ambiguities and tests it for data from 30 Portuguese regions. The empirical results confirm that the relationship between unemployment and entrepreneurship is ambiguous, regardless of the specific measure used to account for increases in entrepreneurial activity.
NUCLEO‐CYTOPLASMIC INTERACTIONS IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF NUCLEAR SYNCHRONY IN DNA SYNTHESIS AND MITOSIS IN MULTINUCLEATE CELLS

I . Introduction . I1 . Synchrony in naturally occurring multinucleate cells . A . Protozoa . B . Algae . C . Fungi . D . Invertebrate somatic tissues . E . Germ cell formation . F . Fertilization and co-ordination of pronuclei G . Early embryonic development . H . Cell multiplication in viwo and in witro
Noncathartic CT colonography with stool tagging: performance with and without electronic stool subtraction.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to evaluate the performance of noncathartic, dietary unrestricted CT colonography, without and with the aid of electronic stool subtraction, for detecting colorectal neoplasia in a high-prevalence referral population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with known or suspected colorectal neoplasms were potentially eligible for participation, regardless of the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Subjects ingested 21.6 g of barium in nine divided doses. CT colonography was performed in the standard fashion. Data sets were randomly evaluated by two of three experienced radiologists, with subsequent reanalysis of each data set after electronic stool subtraction at least 6 weeks later. Optical colonoscopy was performed after purgation and served as the reference standard. RESULTS One hundred thirty-one adenomatous neoplasms were identified among 114 subjects. On a per subject basis, the sensitivity for detecting adenomas 6-9 or > or = 10 mm in diameter ranged from 53% to 88% and 84% to 93% without stool subtraction, respectively. By including stool subtraction, these sensitivity estimates improved to 68% to 92% and 93% to 94%, respectively. Specificity ranged from 71% to 91% and 88% to 100% for lesions 6-9 and > or = 10 mm in size, respectively. Double reading resulted in detection of 27 (87%) of 31 and 65 (96%) of 68 patients with 6-9 and > or = 10 mm adenomas, respectively. With double reading, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for large adenomas was 0.97. CONCLUSION In this increased-risk referral population, CT colonography in the non-cathartic-tagged colon without dietary restrictions compared favorably with optical colonoscopy.
Molecular electronics based on self-assembled monolayers

Since the first measurement of electron tunneling through an organic monolayer in 1971,(Mann and Kuhn, 1971) and the gedanken experiment of a molecular current rectifying diode in 1974,(Aviram and Ratner, 1974) molecular-scale electronics have attracted a growing interest, both for basic science at the nanoscale and for possible applications in nano-electronics. In the first case, molecules are quantum object by nature and their properties can be tailored by chemistry opening avenues for new experiments. In the second case, molecule-based devices are envisioned to complement silicon devices by providing new functions or already existing functions at a simpler process level and at a lower cost by virtue of their self-organization capabilities, moreover, they are not bound to von Neuman architecture and this may open the way to other architectural paradigms. After a brief overview of the nanofabrication of molecular devices, we review in this chapter, the electronic properties of several basic devices, from simple molecules such as molecular tunnel junctions and molecular wires, to more complex ones such as molecular rectifying diodes, molecular switches and memories.
Comparing social tags with subject headings on annotating books: A study comparing the information science domain in English and Chinese

The literature often views the emergence of social tagging as a potential alternative method to controlled vocabulary for organizing and indexing large-scale information resources. In this paper, we present an in-depth examination of the relationship between social tagging and controlled vocabulary-based indexing and organization in two unique contexts: the information science domain and when comparing data gathered from both English and Chinese sources. Our results show that the information science domain has more overlap between social tags and controlled vocabulary-based subject terms. This is reflected in the higher percentage of overlapping terms between tags and subject terms, as well as in the strong similarity (measured by Jaccard’s coefficient) in frequently used keywords among tags and subject terms. However, social tags in the information science domain still possess limitations in terms of uncontrolled terms, where inconsistencies and noisy usages exist. Our results also show that language difference does have an impact on social tagging. The numbers of Chinese tags overall and per book are less than those of English tags. The most frequently used English tags are single-word terms, which are different from multi-word controlled vocabulary terms. In comparison, the character difference between the most frequently used Chinese tags and Chinese subject terms is just one character (3 vs 4). However, English and Chinese users do share many similar behaviours when they tag books in the information science domain. Many of the most frequently used tags are shared between the two languages and the patterns of overlap between topical tags and subject terms are also similar between the two languages. Overall, despite the application limitations for social tagging in cataloguing and indexing, we believe that tagging has the potential to become a complementary resource for expanding and enriching controlled vocabulary systems. With the help of future technology to regulate and promote features related to controlled vocabulary in social tags, a hybrid cataloguing and indexing system that integrates social tags with controlled vocabulary would greatly improve people’s organizational and access capabilities within information resources.
Culex Flavivirus and West Nile Virus in Culex quinquefasciatus Populations in the Southeastern United States

ABSTRACT Little is known of the interactions between insect-only flaviviruses and other arboviruses in their mosquito hosts, or the potential public health significance of these associations. The specific aims of this study were to describe the geographic distribution, prevalence, and seasonal infection rates of Culex flavivirus (CxFV) and West Nile virus (WNV) in Culex quinquefasciatus Say in the Southeastern United States, investigate the potential association between CxFV and WNV prevalence in Cx. quinquefasciatus and describe the phylogenetic relationship among CxFV and WNV isolates from the Southeastern United States and around the world. Using ArboNET records, 11 locations were selected across Georgia, Mississippi, and Louisiana that represented a range of WNV human case incidence levels. Cx. quinquefasciatus were trapped weekly throughout the summer of 2009 and pools were screened for flavivirus RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cx. quinquefasciatus from Georgia had significantly higher CxFV infection rates than either Mississippi or Louisiana. CxFV was not detected in Mississippi after July, and no CxFV was detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus in Louisiana. In Georgia, CxFV infection rates were variable between and within counties and over time. WNV infection rates were not significantly different across states or months, and WNV sequences from all three states were identical to each other in the envelope and NS5 gene regions. Phylogenetically, NS5 and E gene sequences from Georgia CxFV isolates clustered with CxFV from Japan, Iowa, and Texas. Multiple CxFV genetic variants were found circulating simultaneously in Georgia. No evidence was found supporting an association between WNV and CxFV infection prevalence in Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Safe Navigation of Pedestrians in Social Groups in a Virtual Urban Environment

Most prior crowd simulations do not have groups of people moving in a social manner. In our work, we use a two-level steering system based on two classes: group agent and pedestrian agent. By interpolating the current and desired slot positions of the group agent according to formation templates, dynamic social group formations can be achieved and can also adapt to the width of passageways by using our proposed ray casting technique. Based on this interpolation approach, we introduce slot-locking which keeps subgroups in a group shoulder-to-shoulder regardless of the current formation state assuming sufficient surrounding space exists. When this happens, hand holding between adjacent members may occur. Individual characteristics such as age and body shape impact the overall group speed. In an immersive evaluation using a head-mounted display (HMD), participants validated the realism of dynamic social group behavior as virtual pedestrians safely navigated via traffic light crosswalks and sidewalks with vehicular traffic encountered on the way.
Elazığ Bölgesinde Menarş Yaşı

ÖZET Amaç: Elazığ bölgesinde yerleşik olan ve adet gören kadın­ ların menarş yaşlarını tespit etmek. Çalışmanın Yapıldığı Yer: Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı. Materyal ve Metod: Elazığ bölgesinde il merkezi, ilçe mer­ kezleri ve köylerde yerleşik olarak yaşayan ve menarş olmuş 3046 kadın ile yüz yüze görüşerek anket uygulan­ dı. Bulgular: Çalışma yaptığımız kadınlarda menarş yaşı dağılı­ mını 10-17, ortalama menarş yaşını 13.5 olarak tespit ettik. 15-24 ile 35-44 yaş grupları hariç, diğer gruplar arasında ortalama menarş yaşı açısından önemli bir farklılık tespit edilmedi. Ayrıca ortalama menarş yaşına göre farklı yerleşim yerleri arasında önemli farklılık bu­ lunmadı. Sonuç: Bölgemizde yerleşik olan kadınlarda tespit ettiğimiz ortalama menarş yaşı Batı Anadolu'da yapılan çalışma­ larda bulunan sonuçlara göre yüksektir. Bu durumun, Batı Anadolu ile kıyaslandığında bölgemizde beslenme koşullarının yetersiz oluşu ile açıklanabileceği düşünce­ sindeyiz.
Alexithymia-like Disorder in Right Anterior Cingulate Infarction

The frontal midline structures have been demonstrated by functional neuroimaging to be involved in the affective control of human behavior. However, due to the rareness of diseases affecting this part of the brain little is known about behavioral abnormalities following damage to these brain areas. We present a patient with a right anterior cingulate infarct who presented with an alexithymia-like disorder. Event-related potentials revealed an abnormality of emotional face perception in the right cerebral hemisphere. We suggest that the anterior cingulate lesion induced a deficit of emotion processing including emotional face perception probably due to an interference in a critical node of a large-scale network subserving affective control of behavior.
A Comparison of Two Alternatively Spliced Forms of a Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Coupled to Phosphoinositide Turnover

Abstract: A comparison of the pharmacological and physiological properties of the metabotropic glutamate 1α and 1β receptors (mGluR1α and mGluR1β) expressed in baby hamster kidney (BHK 570) cells was performed. The mGluR1β receptor is an alternatively spliced form of mGluR1α with a modified carboxy terminus. Immunoblots of membranes from the two cell lines probed with receptor‐specific antipeptide antibodies showed that mGluRIa migrated with an Mr= 154, 000, whereas mGluR1β migrated with an Mr= 96, 000. Immunofluorescence imaging of receptors expressed in BHK 570 cells revealed that the mGluR1α receptor was localized to patches along the plasmalemma and on intracellular membranes surrounding the nucleus, whereas mGluR1β was distributed diffusely throughout the cell. Agonist activation of the mGluR1α and the mGluR1β receptors stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. At both receptors, glutamate, quisqualate, and ibotenate were full agonists, whereas trans‐(+)‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐1, 3‐dicarboxylate appeared to act as a partial agonist. The stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis by mGluR1α showed pertussis toxin‐sensitive and insensitive components, whereas the mGluR1β response displayed only the toxin‐insensitive component. The mGluR1α and mGluR1β receptors also increased intracellular calcium levels by inducing release from intracellular stores. These results indicate that the different carboxy terminal sequences of the two receptors directly influences G protein coupling and subcellular deposition of the receptor polypeptides and suggest that the two receptors may subserve different roles in the nervous system.
Bayesian Response-Adaptive Designs for Basket Trials 3

We develop a general class of response-adaptive Bayesian designs using hierarchical models, and provide open source software to implement them. Our work is motivated by recent master protocols in oncology, where several treatments are investigated simultaneously in one or multiple disease types, and treatment efficacy is expected to vary across biomarkerdefined subpopulations. Adaptive trials such as I-SPY-2 (Barker et al., 2009) and BATTLE (Zhou et al., 2008) are special cases within our framework. We discuss the application of our adaptive scheme to two distinct research goals. The first is to identify a biomarker subpopulation for which a therapy shows evidence of treatment efficacy, and to exclude other subpopulations for which such evidence does not exist. This leads to a subpopulation-finding design. The second is to identify, within biomarkerdefined subpopulations, a set of cancer types for which an experimental therapy is superior to the standard-of-care. This goal leads to a subpopulation-stratified design. Using simulations constructed to faithfully represent ongoing cancer sequencing projects, we quantify the potential gains of our proposed designs relative to conventional non-adaptive designs.
The 1D g-factor and 0.7 anomaly in QPCs with independent control over density

We report the dependence of the 1D Landé g-factor g* on electron density in quantum point contacts (QPCs). We obtain g* values up to 2.8 significantly exceeding previous values for Al-GaAs/GaAs QPCs and approaching that in InGaAs/InP QPCs.