Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The validity of sex-differentiated mate preferences: Reconciling the seemingly conflicting evidence

Across decades and cultures, researchers have found that men prefer physical attractiveness in their romantic partners more than women do, whereas women prefer social status and resources in their partners more than men do. From an evolutionary perspective, these sex differences are important as they reflect hypothesized psychological mechanisms that evolved in response to different adaptive challenges faced by ancestral men and women. Social psychologists, however, have recently challenged the validity of mate preferences and thus, this evolutionary perspective. Indeed, recent speed-dating studies (e.g., Eastwick & Finkel, 2008) and a meta-analysis (Eastwick, Luchies, Finkel, & Hunt, 2014) demonstrate that the sexes respond similarly to physical attractiveness and earning prospects in potential mates encountered live, as well as in ongoing relationships. Here, we review (a) the mate preferences literature and associated evolutionary perspective, (b) the recent challenge to this work, (c) issues that have arisen with the challenge, and (d) empirical work that we have undertaken to respond to those issues and to demonstrate that the sex-differentiated mate selection processes do indeed occur in initial mating contexts and ongoing, long-term relationships. We then conclude by discussing various remaining issues and considerations, as well as future directions.
SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DECEMBER 1990 ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING COW AUCTION PRICE DIFFERENTIALS

Data from Kansas cattle auctions were analyzed to estimate the impact a wide variety of physical characteristics had upon cow prices. Weight, lot size, health, pregnancy, grade, dressing percent, breed, time of sale, and market location were important factors affecting the differences in cow prices across lots on a given day. Results suggest that producers interested in maximizing the price they receive for their cows should market healthy cows in desirable lot sizes at higher dressing percentages.
A Classification of Supply Chain Problems

Supply chain problems referenced in peer-reviewed journals and selected management magazines were collected, with information about the journal, the resource affected, the cause of the problem, the solution(s) applied, and the firm(s) involved. Keywords were used to group these problems into naturally occurring categories. Nine types of supply chain problems were identified: conflict, delays, demand fluctuations, excess/unused resources, inaccuracy, insufficient resources, long tail, pricing, and security. These categories together present a comprehensive view of problems that typically affect different resources within the supply chain, and can be used to diagnose problems and to evaluate solutions.
The Entrepreneur in Microeconomic Theory: Disappearance and Explanation

1. Introduction 2. Entrepreneurial Theories in the History of Economic Thought 3. The Disappearance of the Entrepreuneur from Microeconomic Theory - A History 4. An Explanation of the Disapperance of the Entrepreneur - The Description 5. An Explanation of the Disapperance of the Entrepreneur - The Rationale 6. An Explanation of the Disappearance of the Entrepreneur - The Motivation.
Anatomy of the sinus node of the dog

One of the most widely used animals in experiments on cardiac electrophysiology is the dog, yet the anatomy of the pacemaker of the dog's heart has received relatively little attention. It is axiomatic that a full understanding of structure is a prerequisite for accurate interpretation of function. Previous studies of the sinus node of the dog in general have either been a small part of a broad examination of the comparative anatomy of the sinus node (MacKenzie, '13; Glomset and Glomset, '40), or on the special innervation of the node (Nonidez, '43; Tcheng, '51) or its blood supply (Halpern, '54; Lumb, Shacklett, and Dawkins, '59). In their classic report of the discovery of the cardiac pacemaker, Keith and Flack ('07) described this structure as it exists in the eel, dogfish, salmon, frog, lizard, tortoise, turtle, sparrow, goldfinch, mole, porpoise, dolphin, kangaroo, wallaby, whale, mouse, shrew-mouse, rat, kitten, ram, pig, carthorse, pony, fetal gibbon, and in man but not the dog. Desite this the animal Flack later chose for experiments on the sinus node was the dog ('lo-'1 1) . In man the sinus node is a beautifully intricate structure (James, '61b), the secrets of which are only beginning to be explored. Since much of the exploration on the electrophysiology of the heart is being made by experiments in the dog (Hoffman and Cranefield, '60), this study was undertaken to examine the canine sinus node and to compare it to the sinus node of man.
Long-Term Performance of Seasoned Equity Offerings: Benchmark Errors and Biases in Expectations

I investigate the long-term performance of firms that issue seasoned equity relative to a variety of benchmarks. I find that these firms significantly underperform all of my benchmarks over the five years following the equity issues. Across SEOs, I find similar levels of underperformance for both small firms and large firms, and both growth firms and value firms. The paper also shows that factor-model benchmarks are misspecified. Hence inferences on SEO underperformance based on such benchmarks are misleading. I also find that SEOs underperform their benchmarks by twice as much within earnings announcement windows as they do outside these windows.
An examination of the effects of quality on customer loyalty: the automobile industry in Taiwan

One prominent difference between the automobile industry and service industries lies in the former's products being durable goods with a relatively long useful life. According to the data published by Taiwan's Ministry of Transportation and Communications, automobiles in Taiwan sustain an average useful life of around 10 years. The study focuses on examining the effect of quality on customer loyalty (CL) in Taiwan's automobile industry and exploring how quality may influence other factors affecting CL. Based on structural equation modelling, the study strives to analyse the effects of both product quality (PQ) and service quality (SQ) on CL so as to identify the deciding factors shaping CL in Taiwan's automobile industry. Results indicate that neither PQ nor SQ exerts direct influences on CL. Enhanced customer satisfaction, however, does have an indirect influence on strengthening CL. Moreover, using demographic characteristics to analyse the concerned variables, the study finds that CL is influenced by ‘family composition’ and ‘lifestyle’.
Optimal length of smooth muscle assessed by a microstructurally and statistically based constitutive model

Smooth muscle exhibits an optimal length at which it is able to generate a maximum amount of force. In this study, the optimal length is assessed by use of a microstructurally and statistically based constitutive model for smooth muscle. The model is based on the sliding filament theory, and a modified version of Hill's mechanical model was adopted. It was conjectured, that a variation in the overlap in the actomyosin contractile units together with a statistical dispersion in the size of the dense bodies are responsible for the optimal length characteristics. The influence of contractile unit length, dense body size and dense body compliance was investigated, and the model was fully able to predict experimental data. The results indicate that the compliance of the dense bodies does not contribute significantly to the total compliance of the contractile apparatus.
FINANCIAL RATIOS AND THE PROBABILISTIC PREDICTION OF BANKRUPTCY

This paper presents some empirical results of a study predicting corporate failure as evidenced by the event of bankruptcy. There have been a fair number of previous studies in this field of research; the more notable published contributions are Beaver [1966; 1968a; 1968b], Altman [1968; 1973], Altman and Lorris [1976], Altman and McGough [1974], Altman, Haldeman, and Narayanan [1977], Deakin [1972], Libby [1975], Blum [1974], Edmister [1972], Wilcox [1973], Moyer [1977], and Lev [1971]. Two unpublished papers by White and Turnbull [1975a; 1975b] and a paper by Santomero and Vinso [1977] are of particular interest as they appear to be the first studies which logically and systematically develop probabilistic estimates of failure. The present study is similar to the latter studies, in that the methodology is one of maximum likelihood estimation of the so-called conditional logit model. The data set used in this study is from the seventies (1970-76). I know of only three corporate failure research studies which have examined data from this period. One is a limited study by Altman and McGough [1974] in which only failed firms were drawn from the period 1970-73 and only one type of classification error (misclassification of failed firms) was analyzed. Moyer [1977] considered the period 1965-75, but the sample of bankrupt firms was unusually small (twenty-seven firms). The
Glomerular Endothelium Exhibits Enhanced Expression of Costimulatory Adhesion Molecules, CD80 and CD86, by Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Recent studies suggested that the vascular endothelial cells function as a resident antigen-presenting cell (APC) in certain situations such as organ transplantation, and the ischemia/reperfusion injury, an inevitable event in organ transplantation, leads to an enhanced biosynthesis of cell adhesion molecules. We have demonstrated that the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells have potential ability as APCs by expressing the costimulatory adhesion molecule proteins, CD80 (B7–1) and CD86 (B7–2), of which expression was enhanced by warm ischemia/reperfusion of the rat liver. In this study, we assessed the localization of CD80, CD86, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in the rat kidneys and the influence of warm ischemia/reperfusion with or without a hypercreatinemic condition on the expression of these adhesion molecules in the renal tissues. Wistar male rats weighing 150 to 230 g were divided into group A, receiving a sham-operation (control), group B, receiving 1-hour clamping of the left renal pedicle (temporary ischemia), and group C, receiving right nephrectomy and 1-hour clamping of the left renal pedicle (temporary ischemia with hypercreatinemia). The left kidneys were submitted to immunohistochemical and molecular analyses sequentially for the period of 14 days. We found that CD80, CD86, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 proteins localized on the glomerular and peritubular endothelium and were up-regulated after ischemia/reperfusion. The up-regulation of these three proteins was enhanced by the hypercreatinemic condition. The relative mRNA levels analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that CD80 and CD86 expressions were constitutively observed and significantly increased for 14 days after the warm ischemia reperfusion with a peak level at Day 3 (6.7- and 20.8-fold increase for CD80 and CD86, respectively). Our results suggested that the glomerular endothelial cells will play a pivotal role as a APC by expressing CD80 and CD86 in the induction of renal tissue injury associated with the ischemia/reperfusion at renal transplantation surgery, as well as the peritubular endothelium.
Normal role of the low‐molecular‐weight neurofilament protein in mitochondrial dynamics and disruption in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease

Intermediate filaments serve important structural roles, but other cellular functions are increasingly recognized. This study demonstrated normal function of the low‐molecular‐weight neurofilament protein (NFL) in mitochondrial dynamics and disruption in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) due to mutations in the Nefl gene. In motor neurons of spinal cord cultured from Nefl‐knockout mice, mitochondrial length and the rate of fusion were decreased concomitant with increased motility. These parameters were normalized after expression of NFLwt on the Nefl‐/‐background, but not by overexpression of the profusion protein, mitofusin 2 (MFN2). The effects of CMT‐causing NFL mutants bore similarities to and differences from Nefl knockout. In the early phase of toxicity before disruption of the neurofilament network, NFLQ333P and NFLP8R integrated into neurofilaments and had effects on mitochondria similar to those with Nefl knockout. The reduction of fusion rate by NFLQ333P was partly due to interference with the function of the profusion protein MFN2, which is mutated in CMT2A, functionally linking these forms of CMT. In the later phase of toxicity, mitochondria essentially stopped moving in neurons expressing NFL mutants, probably a consequence of cytoskeletal disruption. Overall, the data point to important functions of neurofilaments in mitochondrial dynamics as well as primary involvement in CMT2E/1F. —Gentil, B. J. Minotti, S. , Beange, M. , Baloh, R. H. , Julien, J.‐P., Durham, H. D. Normal role of the low‐molecular‐weight neurofilament protein in mitochondrial dynamics and disruption in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease. FASEB J. 26, 1194‐1203 (2012). www.fasebj. org
retrospective analysis of topoisomerase IIa amplifications and deletions as predictive markers in primary breast cancer patients randomly assigned to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value of HER2 and topoisomerase IIalpha gene (TOP2A) for the efficacy of epirubicin in the adjuvant setting of breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group trial 89D, 980 pre- and postmenopausal primary patients were randomly allocated to either CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil; n = 500) or CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil; n = 480) times 9, between January 1990 and November 1999. Tumor tissue was retrospectively identified from 805 patients and was analyzed for HER2-positivity and for TOP2A-amplifications and deletions. RESULTS HER2-positivity was found in 33% of the 805 investigated tumors and was not a predictive marker for epirubicin sensitivity. TOP2A changes were identified in 23% of the 773 investigated tumors: 12% had TOP2A amplifications and 11% had TOP2A deletions. We found that patients with TOP2A amplification had an increased recurrence-free (RFS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.78) and overall survival (OS; HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.13), respectively if treated with CEF compared with CMF, and that patients with TOP2A deletions had an almost identical hazard ratio (RFS: HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.11; OS: HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.04). This is in contrast to patients with a normal TOP2A genotype for whom similar outcome was observed in both treatment arms (RFS: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.17; OS: HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.17). CONCLUSION TOP2A amplification-and possibly deletion-seems to be predictive markers for the effect of adjuvant epirubicin containing therapy in primary breast cancer, but a final conclusion has to await a confirmative study or a meta-analysis.
The Rhetoric of Misdirection in Corporate Privacy-Policy Statements

U.S. businesses wish to continue to profit by collecting personal information from their website visitors, yet they fear that the practice both alienates visitors and exposes them both to legal problems from U.S. authorities and business sanctions from data-privacy authorities in Europe and Canada. This dilemma is reflected in the typical corporate privacy-policy statement, which is full of misleading and deceptive rhetoric intended to cover up the gap between the company's privacy policy and the image it wishes to project.
[Internal consistency and validity of the Spanish version of the St. George's respiratory questionnaire for use in patients with clinically stable bronchiectasis].

OBJECTIVE To analyze the reliability and validity of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) for use in patients with clinically stable bronchiectasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The SGRQ (50 items on 3 scales--symptoms, activity, and impact) was administered to 102 patients (mean [SD] age, 69.5 [8.7] years; 63% men) with clinically stable bronchiectasis. Disease severity was classified according parameters such as airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1 second), colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, extent of bronchiectasis, symptoms, daily quantity of sputum, and number of exacerbations. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and correlation between items and between item and scale), concurrent validity (correlation between items and clinical variables), predictive validity (correlation between items and severity), and construct validity (factorial analysis of main components) were assessed. RESULTS The internal consistency of the SGRQ was excellent (Cronbach's alpha between 0.81 and 0.87 for the different scales, and 0.90 for the overall score). Concurrent validity was high, as correlations between items and clinical variables were significant and followed the expected distribution. The SGRQ differentiated between degrees of disease severity, regardless of the clinical variable used. The factorial analysis showed a construct of 4 factors that were only moderately similar to the original structure of the questionnaire, due mainly to inclusion of a small number of questions with conditioned response and others with low discriminatory capacity. CONCLUSIONS The SGRQ shows excellent concurrent and predictive internal consistency and validity, though restructuring of the original construct would be advisable before use in patients with stable bronchiectasis.
Arteriosclerosis in kidneys from healthy live donors: comparison of wedge and needle core perioperative biopsies.

CONTEXT Although risks associated with live kidney donation are low, there are few pathologic studies of kidneys from live donors, and possible risk factors for development of hypertension or renal insufficiency remain unknown. There are many studies of histopathologic changes in deceased donor kidneys and how these changes affect subsequent graft function; most are based on wedge rather than needle core biopsies. OBJECTIVE To examine the frequency and severity of arterial fibrointimal thickening and other pathologic lesions in kidneys from healthy live donors and compare wedge and needle core biopsies as methods for evaluating these changes. DESIGN For 36 of 332 live donor renal transplantations performed from January 2004 through November 2006, a wedge biopsy of the transplanted kidney was done prior to and/or after implantation, and a needle core biopsy was done postimplantation or during the ensuing 7 days. For these 36 allografts, we compared pathologic features of the wedge and core perioperative biopsies. RESULTS Findings on core and wedge biopsies were similar, except for arterial fibrointimal thickening. Moderate thickening (Banff cv2) was present on 13 core biopsies, and mild thickening (cv1) was present on another 10; by contrast, no wedge biopsies showed cv2 lesions, and only 8 showed cv1. Arterial thickening on core but not wedge biopsies correlated significantly with increasing patient age. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that needle core biopsies are superior to wedge biopsies for evaluating vascular changes in donor kidneys, and they suggest a need for studies correlating such changes with long-term outcomes of live donors, particularly older donors.
Inhaled nitric oxide and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group.

BACKGROUND Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn causes systemic arterial hypoxemia because of increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left shunting of deoxygenated blood. Inhaled nitric oxide decreases pulmonary vascular resistance in newborns. We studied whether inhaled nitric oxide decreases severe hypoxemia in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. METHODS In a prospective, multicenter study, 58 full-term infants with severe hypoxemia and persistent pulmonary hypertension were randomly assigned to breathe either a control gas (nitrogen) or nitric oxide (80 parts per million), mixed with oxygen from a ventilator. If oxygenation increased after 20 minutes and systemic blood pressure did not decrease, the treatment was considered successful and was continued at lower concentrations. Otherwise, it was discontinued and alternative therapies, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, were used. RESULTS Inhaled nitric oxide successfully doubled systemic oxygenation in 16 of 30 infants (53 percent), whereas conventional therapy without inhaled nitric oxide increased oxygenation in only 2 of 28 infants (7 percent). Long-term therapy with inhaled nitric oxide sustained systemic oxygenation in 75 percent of the infants who had initial improvement. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was required in 71 percent of the control group and 40 percent of the nitric oxide group (P=0.02). The number of deaths was similar in the two groups. Inhaled nitric oxide did not cause systemic hypotension or increase methemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled nitric oxide improves systemic oxygenation in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension and may reduce the need for more invasive treatments.
Development of EST-SSR markers in flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) based on de novo transcriptomic assemblies

Flowering Chinese cabbage is one of the most important vegetable crops in southern China. Genetic improvement of various agronomic traits in this crop is underway to meet high market demand in the region, but the progress is hampered by limited number of molecular markers available in this crop. This study aimed to develop EST-SSR markers from transcriptome sequences generated by next-generation sequencing. RNA-seq of eight cabbage samples identified 48,975 unigenes. Of these unigenes, 23,267 were annotated in 56 gene ontology (GO) categories, 6,033 were mapped to 131 KEGG pathways, and 7,825 were assigned to clusters of orthologous groups (COGs). From the unigenes, 8,165 EST-SSR loci were identified and 98.57% of them were 1–3 nucleotide repeats with 14.32%, 41.08% and 43.17% of mono-, di- and tri-nucleotide repeats, respectively. Fifty-eight types of motifs were identified with A/T, AG/CT, AT/AT, AC/GT, AAG/CTT and AGG/CCT the most abundant. The lengths of repeated nucleotide sequences in all SSR loci ranged from 12 to 60 bp, with most (88.51%) under 20 bp. Among 170 primer pairs were randomly selected from a total of 4,912 SSR primers we designed, 48 yielded unambiguously polymorphic bands with high reproducibility. Cluster analysis using 48 SSRs classified 34 flowering Chinese cabbage cultivars into three groups. A large number of EST-SSR markers identified in this study will facilitate marker-assisted selection in the breeding programs of flowering Chinese cabbage.
Exploring the impacts of ISO 9001 on small- and medium-sized social service institutions: a multiple case study

Although there is an extensive body of literature about the implementation of the ISO 9001 standard, the study of its impacts on non-mainstream areas such as social services has received little interest. The purpose of this research is to explore the benefits, pitfalls and professional practice impacts of ISO 9001 on social services. A multiple case study of three small and medium-sized institutions certified on multiple services was conducted. The results show that (1) social services saw improvements in processes, employee motivation, internal communication and job design rather than service outcome improvements; (2) some impacts are specific to social services; and (3) the administrative workload of social workers increased, but they were better able to structure and tailor their work to the specific needs of users. This paper contributes to the understanding of implementing ISO 9001 in social service institutions. The implications and limitations are discussed together with suggestions for further research.