Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cluster Distribution as a Test of Dark Matter Models. III: The Cluster Velocity Field

We study the large-scale velocity fields traced by galaxy clusters in numerical sim­ ulations of a box of side 960 h-1 Mpc, and compare them with available data on real clusters. In order to test the reliability of the simulations, which are based on an optimized version of the Zel'dovich approximation, we compare their cluster velocities with those of 'exact' N-body simulations, and find a remarkable agreement between the two according to a variety of statistical tests. We analyse cold dark matter (CDM) models with density parameter in the range 0.2 ::::; no ::::; 1, both with and without the cosmological constant term to provide a flat geometry. We also simulate a cold+hot dark matter (CHDM) model, with 30 per cent provided by the hot component. Com­ parison with real data is performed by applying tests based on the cumulative velocity frequency distribution (CVFD) and bulk flow statistics. For the CVFD, we use obser­ vational velocity data from different authors, and find that results based on different data sets are contradictory. In particular, the recent infrared Tully-Fisher (IRTF) data of Giovanelli yield smaller velocities with smaller errors than both the IR TF and Dn-<1 data of Hudson. It turns out that the Giovanelli data are only only consistent with the open no = 0.4 and the flat no = 0.2 models, while the Hudson data, though less discriminatory because of their larger errors, appear to exclude open models with no ::::; 0.4 and flat models with no = 0.2. This latter conclusion also holds if one pools all the data into a single sample regardless of the systematic differences in the two different sources. Furthermore, CVFD and bulk flow analyses of the Branchini et al. reconstructed velocity data again disfavour precisely those models accepted on the grounds of Giovanelli's sample. Finally, we confirm that the Lauer & Postman reported bulk flow determination would be a rare event in the cosmological models we have analysed.
EXPERIENCES BASED ON SIX YEARS OF THE E- GPR COURSE

The world is in the middle of the globalization process that, among other things, forces companies into acquisitions and mergers, and strategic alliances. This leads to the merging of geographically, organizationally and culturally heterogeneous human resources, including product developers. Market and organizational changes, the integrated product development process, and available information and communication technologies (ICT), present a number of challenges for future product developers. An appropriate response to these challenges is to create a solid basis for strategies to combat stronger competition, since existing educational programmes have provided this only to a small extent. European-Global Product Realization (E-GPR) course is one of possible educational programmes; the paper presents some experiences based on running the course.
EEG Coherence Effects of Audio-Visual Stimulation (AVS) at Dominant and Twice Dominant Alpha Frequency

The effects of a single session of audio-visual stimulation (AVS) at the dominant alpha rhythm and twice-dominant alpha frequency on EEG coherence were studied in 23 subjects. An eyes-closed baseline EEG determined each subject’s dominant alpha frequency. Subjects were stimulated at their dominant alpha frequency or at their twice dominant alpha frequency for 20 minutes, while EEG was recorded in five-minute intervals. A post-session baseline was recorded 30 minutes after each session. AVS decreased coherence in the intrahemispheric projections from the occipital region and the parietal midline, and generally increased coherence, with few exceptions, among all other longitudinal pairs. Interhemispheric coherence increased posteriorly and at high frequencies, and tended to decrease frontally and at low frequencies. Alpha AVS was more effective than twice-alpha AVS at increasing interhemispheric coherence, and tended to produce more effects overall. Although main effects of frequency and time were observed, when individual coherence pairs changed, they almost always changed in only one direction. Overall coherence was greater during the first 10 minutes than the last 10 minutes, and greatest in the beta 1 and delta 2 bands, and lowest in the alpha and delta 1 bands. Few, if any, significant effects persisted into the post-stimulation baseline. A new method of assessing the effects of multiple comparisons on experimentwise error, based on randomization theory, is proposed and implemented.
Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Pla and Phbv-based Biopolymers as Potential Alternatives to Pet

Mechanical and Thermal Performance of PLA and PHBVbased Biopolymers as Potential Alternatives to PET Cristina Moliner*, Jose David Badia, Barbara Bosio, Elisabetta Arato, Alberto Lagazzo, Marco Capurro, Amparo Ribes-Greus Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy Instituto Tecnológico de Materiales. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022. Valencia (Spain) cristina.moliner@edu.unige. it
The Voters' Curses: The Upsides and Downsides of Political Engagement

Scholars have long deplored voters' lack of interest in politics and argue greater political engagement would improve the performance of democracy. We consider a model of elections where successful communication of political messages during campaigns requires efforts by politicians and a representative voter. The voter's incentive to pay attention to politics affects the effectiveness of the electoral process as screening and disciplining device. The performance of the electoral process and the voter's level of political activity are low when the voter cares little about politics--this is the curse of the apathetic voter--, or cares a lot about politics--this is the curse of the engaged voter. Consequently, an engaged voter is not always an active voter and fostering political engagement (e.g., by lowering the cost of political information or facilitating policy changes) might have negative consequences on voter's attention to politics and welfare.
The chemical bonds in CuH, Cu2, NiH, and Ni2 studied with multiconfigurational second order perturbation theory

The performance of multiconfigurational second order perturbation theory has been analyzed for the description of the bonding in CuH, Cu2, NiH, and Ni2. Large basis sets based on atomic natural orbitals (ANOS) were employed. The effects of enlarging the active space and including the core‐valence correlation contributions have also been analyzed. Spectroscopic constants have been computed for the corresponding ground state. The Ni2 molecule has been found to have a 0+g ground state with a computed dissociation energy of 2.10 eV, exp. 2.09 eV, and a bond distance of 2.23 A. The dipole moments of NiH and CuH are computed to be 2.34 (exp. 2.4±0.1) and 2.66 D, respectively.
Public Education Spending and Private Substitution in Urban China

This paper documents robust evidence that increases in public spending on basic education are associated with significant reductions in household private tutoring spending in urban China. This reduction comes primarily from the top and bottom income households, suggesting multi-dimensional demands for private tutoring. It concentrates on households with an only boy and is larger for middle-school than primary-school children. Increases in public education spending are associated with significant reduction in school tuition, which is homogeneous across households of different income levels. Changes in household spending on textbooks in response to more public education spending are modest but statistically insignificant.
Neanderthal extinction as part of the faunal change in Europe during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3

The extinction of the Neanderthals has not been widely considered in the light of the palaeoecology of other mammals. Therefore, a palaeoecological and historical bioge- ographical analysis of a database of European mammalian fossils for the period covering 60-20 thousand calendar years (approximately OIS 3 and covering the time when Nean- derthals became extinct) has been conducted that shed light on the ecological conditions of this period. Broadly the larger mammals in this database form historical biogeographi- cal categories including extant ubiquitous, extant northern and montane, extant eastern, extinct northern and extinct southern taxa. Neanderthals appear to belong to the extinct southern grouping which highlights the lack of attention they had received from the per- spective of extinct Late Pleistocene Megafaunal elements. The temporal distribution of taxa confirms the decline towards the Last Glacial Maximum of the southern extinct group and further reveals a decrease in the occurrence of many smaller carnivores. The latter may indicate a decrease in carrying capacity as temperatures decreased which is supported by the decrease in occurrence of mammoths on non-archaeological sites and other similar phenomena documented elsewhere. The geographical distribution of the larger mammals of OIS 3 confirms a retreat towards the South and West of Neanderthals similar to that of the straight-tusked elephant Elephas antiquus and Merck's rhino Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, both of which also became extinct towards the Last Gla- cial Maximum. The change in geographical distribution of the European wild ass Equus hydruntinus through OIS 3 may be closest to that of the Neanderthals implying similar tol- erances. The results of the palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical study of Neander- thals prompt a reconsideration of their supposed adaptations.
Level of Wisdom-Based Thinking among the Educational Leaders at UNRWA Schools in Jordan

This study aimed to investigate the level of Wisdom-Based Thinking among a sample of educational leaders at UNRWA schools in Jordan. The study sample consisted of (227) participants; (117) males and (110) females. To achieve the purpose of the study, the Wisdom-Based Thinking Scale (WBTS) developed by "Brown and Greene, "2006" was applied after verifying its psychometric features on the study sample. The results showed that the wisdom-based thinking score was generally high, and that there were no statistically significant differences attributed to gender. However, there were statistically significant differences between the responses of assistant head teachers and those of school supervisors on the following components: Judgment, life skills, willingness to learn, and on the study tool as a whole in favor of school supervisors. The results of the study also revealed no statistically significant differences attributed to the educational qualifications on all components as a whole, but there were statistically significant differences attributed to attending professional development training courses on the following components: altruism, inspiration, judgment, life skills, and willingness to learn. Moreover, the study showed that there is a poor inverse correlation between the respondents' age and their level of wisdom on the wisdom-based thinking scale.
Contents of secondary metabolites at various anatomical parts of three wild strawberry [Fragaria vesca L.] cultivars

Chemical analyses aimed to evaluate the contents of free phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins at different anatomical parts of three wild strawberry cultivars: ́Regina`, ́Rugia` and ́Baron von Solemacher`, originating from agrotechnical experiments, were carried out at Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin in 2008–2009. The differentiation of determined biologically active substances depending on a leaf part was observed. Mean contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids were the highest at leaf blades of ́Rugia` amounting 1.27% and 2.66%, respectively. No significant differences in tannins contents depending on a cultivar were recorded, although leaf blades accumulated significantly higher quantities of tannins than petioles.
Simulation of parthenium weed canopy under changing climate using L-systems

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is an erect, branched, annual plant of the family Asteraceae. It is native to the tropical Americas, while now widely distributed throughout Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Australasia. Due to its allelopathic and toxic characteristics, parthenium weed has been considered to be a weed of global significance. These effects occur across agriculture (crops and pastures), within natural ecosystems, and has impacts upon health (human and animals). Although integrated weed management (IWM) for parthenium weed has had some success, due to its tolerance and good adaptability to temperature, precipitation, and CO2, this weed has been predicted to become more vigorous under a changing climate resulting in an altered canopy architecture. From the viewpoint of IWM, the altered canopy architecture may be associated with not only improved competitive ability and replacement but also may alter the effectiveness of biocontrol agents and other management strategies. This paper reports on a preliminary study on parthenium weed canopy architecture at three temperature regimes (day/night 22/15 °C, 27/20 °C, and 32/25 °C in thermal time 12/12 hours) and establishes a threedimensional (3D) canopy model using Lindenmayer-systems (L-systems). This experiment was conducted in a series of controlled environment rooms with parthenium weed plants being grown in a heavy clay soil. A sonic digitizer system was used to record the morphology, topology, and geometry of the plants for model construction. The main findings include the determination of the phyllochron which enables the prediction of parthenium weed growth under different temperature regimes and that increased temperature enhances growth and enlarges the plants canopy size and structure. The developed 3D canopy model provides a tool to simulate and predict the weed growth in response to temperature, and can be adjusted for studies of other climatic variables such as precipitation and CO2. Further studies are planned to investigate the effects of other climatic variables, and the predicted changes in the pathogenic biocontrol agent effectiveness.
Exploring Tourism Potential of Agricultural Heritage Systems A: Case Study of the Kunisaki Peninsula, Oita Prefecture, Japan

This paper analyzes the tourism potential of agricultural heritage landscapes for regional revitalization through a case study of the Kunisaki Peninsula in Oita, Japan. Recently, the concept of agroecosystems has emerged as a holistic approach for conserving dynamic agri-heritage landscapes that has sustained the human societies for millennia. The FAO initiative of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) is one of the leading initiatives for dynamic conservation of these landscapes. The Kunisaki peninsula was nominated as a GIAHS for its traditional resource circulation landscape earlier in 2013. The peninsula used to be a religious and cultural hub in historical times, but the area is currently facing rapid decline mainly due to depopulation and aging. This research explores the potential of agri-heritage tourism in the peninsula, by analyzing the components of the resource circulation landscape, and the importance of cultural heritage. The research is based on in-depth fieldwork in the designated site, and on an extensive review of literature. The key findings are: the resource circulation landscape of this GIAHS site can be divided into ‘core’ and ‘value-added’ components, core components being small scale interlinked ‘tameike’ reservoirs and sawtooth Oak forests, and the endemic shichitoui grass and shiitake mushroom are value added products. These social ecological production landscapes are underutilized, and if agri-tourism is properly planned at the site, it can generate renewed stakeholder interest in these landscapes, and thus pave the way for revitalizing this declining region, which has immense value as a low-carbon, sustainable rural society based on traditional farming knowledge.
Impacts of a Digital Dialogue Game and Epistemic Beliefs on Argumentative Discourse and Willingness to Argue

The goal of this study was to explore how students debate with their peers within a designed context using a digital dialogue game, and whether their epistemic beliefs are significant to the outcomes. Epistemic beliefs are known to colour student interactions within argumentative discourse, leading some students to hold back from interactions. By designing an online small group activity based around an issue both important and controversial to the students, with multiple viewpoints in each group and with the scaffolding provided by a dialogue game, it was examined whether these epistemic effects were still evident within their argumentative discourse. Furthermore, the study examined whether the activity design improves students' willingness to argue with each other, and their openness to attitudinal change. A pretest, posttest design was used with students who were assigned to groups of four or five and asked to argue on a controversial topic. Their aim was to explore various perspectives and to debate the pros and cons of the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). While previous research has shown that some epistemic beliefs lead to less critical engagement with peers, the results presented here demonstrate that activity design is also an important factor in successful engagement within argumentative discourse.
First comparison of tropospheric NO2 column densities retrieved from GOME measurements and in situ aircraft profile measurements

For the first time tropospheric NO2 columns from GOME were compared to tropospheric columns derived from in situ measurements with the DLR research aircraft Falcon on a clear day above Austria. Under these conditions the agreement between the two methods is very good. The in situ measurements yield a tropospheric NO2 column of (4.2 ± 1.7)·1015 molec. /cm2, whereas the GOME data result in columns of (3.5 ± 0.9)·1015 molec. /cm2 and (4.1 ± 1.0)·1015 molec. /cm2 for near‐real‐time and dedicated analyses, respectively. The most important uncertainty of the aircraft measurements is caused by the lack of data in the lower boundary layer. The GOME uncertainties in this particular case are dominated by the assumptions made for the airmass factor calculation. This work is the first independent validation of tropospheric NO2 columns from satellite instrumentation. Further validation at other seasons, and regions, including a more comprehensive sampling of the boundary layer is needed.
Mutual Insurance, Individual Savings and Limited Commitment

This paper examines a dynamic model of mutual insurance when households can also engage in self-insurance by storage. This mutual insurance is informal as it is assumed that there is no enforcement mechanism, so any mutual insurance arrangements must be self-enforcing. It is shown how consumption allocations satisfy a modified Euler condition and that an enhanced storage technology can either raise or diminish welfare. Furthermore it is shown that the ex ante transfers introduced into dynamic informal insurance models recently by Gauthier, Poitevin, and Gonz´alez (1997) are only used here in the first period, with the role of ex ante transfers being replaced by differential individual storage.
Microscale Modeling of Magnetoactive Composites Undergoing Large Deformations

This paper is concerned with the development of a material model for the constituents of a magnetoactive composite. Special attention is paid to magnetorheological elastomers which are synthesized from a soft polymeric matrix material with embedded magnetizable particles. Because the particles interact under an applied magnetic load, a coupled magneto-mechanical field problem has to be solved. The mechanical properties of the polymer matrix motivate the consideration of large deformations. We present the balance equations with boundary conditions and an appropriate material model. The corresponding boundary value problems are solved by the Finite-ElementMethod. A weak numerical coupling scheme enables the staggered solution of two subproblems, the stationary magnetic and mechanical one. The coupling between both is realized by a surrounding iterative loop.
Exploring the nature of the Lyman-α emitter CR7

CR7 is the brightest Lyman-α emitter observed at z > 6, which shows very strong Lyman-α and HeII 1640\AA\ line luminosities, but no metal line emission. Previous studies suggest that CR7 hosts either young primordial stars with a total stellar mass of ∼107M⊙ or a black hole of ≳106M⊙. Here, we explore different formation scenarios for CR7 with a semianalytical model, based on the random sampling of dark matter merger trees. We are unable to reproduce the observational constraints with a primordial stellar source, given our model assumptions, due to the short stellar lifetimes and the early metal enrichment. Black holes that are the remnants of the first stars are either not massive enough, or reside in metal-polluted haloes, ruling out this possible explanation of CR7. Our models instead suggest that direct collapse black holes, which form in metal-free haloes exposed to large Lyman-Werner fluxes, are more likely the origin of CR7. However, this result is derived under optimistic assumptions and future observations are necessary to further constrain the nature of CR7.
EFFECTS OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION SYSTEM (CAPS) ON SOILORGANIC CARBON, BASE EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION IN A TROPICAL RAINFED AGRO-ECOSYSTEM.

Conservation agriculture production system (CAPS) with the components of minimum tillage, legume based intercrops and follow up cover crop has been established in a Fluventic Haplustepts at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, OUAT, in Kendujhar district ,Odisha during 2011 in triplicated split plot design and the impacts of Conservation Agriculture Production System (CAPS) on soil organic matter, base exchange characteristics and available nutrients were assessed at the end of the 2nd cropping cycle. The treatment combinations are conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) with sole maize (M) and inter crop maize+ cowpea (M+C) in main-plots during wet season and horsegram (H), mustard (T) and no cover crop (NCC) in sub-plots during dry season. The accumulation and preservation of organic matter in MT increased the SOC (+19.9 %), CEC (+11.2 %), Ca++ (+19.9 %), Mg++(+18.3%), K+(+14.9%), base saturation (+6.7%) over t h e s o i l s under CT system. Higher build up of and physical protection of SOM due to less soil disturbances in MT resulted in higher available N (+13.4%), P (+3.9%) and K (+10.1%). The pronounced effect of cover crops due to litter inputs in the cropping system was reflected on enhanced SOC (+6.8%), Ca++ (+6.5%), Mg++ (+5.8%), K+ (+4.7%), available N (+5.1%) and P (+6.3%), over the soils with NCC. Considerable build up of SOC due to residue incorporation and its protection under the CAPS of MT with M+C intercrop and a follow up cover crop contributed significantly in improving the status of CEC (r =0.57**), base saturation (r = 0.54**),available N(r =0.77**), P (r =0.47*) and K(r =0.63**).
Effect of Indigenous Nitrogen Supply of Soil on the Grain Yield and Fertilizer-N Use Efficiency in Rice

The effects of application of N fertilizer on wheat on the grain yield and N use efficiency (FNUE) of rice in the wheat-rice rotation system, as well as on the soil fertility were studies. N-fertilizer application on wheat significantly increased total N, ammonium-N and nitrate-N contents in paddy field, resulting in high indigenous N supply of soil (INS). Compared with low INS, the effect of N rate on the grain yield of rice was reduced significantly, and FNUE was decreased under high INS. These results indicated that high INS was one of the main reasons for the low FNUE in rice.