Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habitual chocolate intake and vascular disease: a prospective study of clinical outcomes in older women.

ter for Bioethics, Philadelphia VA Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, 3615 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (Casarett@mail.med.upenn.edu). Author Contributions: Dr Casarett had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: De Sousa, Smith, Ritchie, Rosenfeld, and Casarett. Acquisition of data: Smith, Bailey, Furman, Ritchie, Rosenfeld, Shreve, and Casarett. Analysis and interpretation of data: De Sousa, Smith, Corcoran, Bailey, Ritchie, Shreve, and Casarett. Drafting of the manuscript: De Sousa, Smith, Corcoran, Bailey, Shreve, and Casarett. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: De Sousa, Smith, Bailey, Furman, Ritchie, Rosenfeld, Shreve, and Casarett. Statistical analysis: Smith and Casarett. Obtained funding: Shreve and Casarett. Administrative, technical, and material support: De Sousa, Ritchie, and Casarett. Study supervision: De Sousa, Smith, Corcoran, Shreve, and Casarett. Clinical Correlation: Bailey. Financial Disclosure: None reported. Funding/Support: This material is based on work supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Health Services Research and Development Service. Dr Corcoran receives support from the Geriatric Academic Career Award (GACA) grant HRSA GACA–K01 HP00084-02 from the Health Resources and Services Administration. Dr Casarett is the recipient of a President’s Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. Disclaimer: The content of this research letter does not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government.
Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga, Loan To Deposit Ratio Dan Return On Asset Terhadap Pembiayaan Pada Perbankan Syariah

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga, Loan to Deposit Ratio dan Return On Asset terhadap Pembiayaan. Jenis Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif dan menggunakan rancangan penelitian kausalitas, yaitu menganalisis hubungan kausalitas antara variabel penelitian sesuai dengan hipotesis yang disusun. Rancangan penelitian disusun berdasarkan laporan keuangan tahunan perbankan syariah periode 2009-2013. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian terdiri dari Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), dan Return on Asset (ROA). Sampai pada tahun 2013 jumlah pembiayaan yang di salurkan oleh perbankan syariah mencapai 179,28 triliun. Pertumbuhan DPK (dana pihak ketiga) perbankan syariah mencapai kisaran angka 87,2%, Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) juga mengalami peningkatan yang pada tahun 2012 sebesar 83,8% naik ke angka 89,9% pada tahun 2013. Peningkatan Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) tidak dapat dilepaskan dari kinerja penghimpunan dana yang menurun seiring makin ketatnya persaingan penghimpunan dana pihak ketiga disertai kenaikan biaya dana antara lain sebagai respon atas kenaikan BI rate. Pertumbuhan dana pihak ketiga perbankan tercatat menurun dari 15,8% (yoy) tahun 2012 menjadi 13,6% (yoy) pada tahun 2013. Sedangkan untuk Return On Asset (ROA) sendiri mengalami penurunan presentase rasio keuangan dari tahun 2012 sebesar 2,04% turun menjadi 2,01% pada tahun 2013. Hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa dana pihak ketiga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pembiayaan dengan nilai t-hitung sebesar 51,388 dengan nilai signifikan 0,000, loan to deposit ratio berpengaruh signifikan dengan nilai t-hitung sebesar 3,816 dengan nilai signifikan 0,001, return on asset tidak berpengaruh signifikan dengan nilai t-hitung sebesar -0,463 dengan nilai signifikan 0,646, dan secara simultan variabel- variabel independen seperti dana pihak ketiga, loan to deposit ratio dan return on asset berpengaruh positif terhadap pembiayaan dengan nilai F-hitung sebesar 889.88 dengan nilai signifikan 0.000. Kata Kunci : Dana pihak ketiga, loan to deposit ratio, return on asset, pembiayaan
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase‐2 protein is less frequent in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) has been reported in gastric cancers. However, the relationship between expression of COX‐2 and clinico‐pathological or genotypic features has not been elucidated. To address the issue, expression of COX‐2 protein was analyzed in 100 gastric cancers as well as 7 gastric cancer cell lines by using immunoblot analysis. Overexpression of COX‐2 in cancer tissues compared with matched non‐cancerous tissues was found in 70% of cases and was significantly associated with lymphatic involvement, lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage. Interestingly, overexpression of COX‐2 was less frequent in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI) than in those without MSI (8/20 vs. 62/80, p < 0.01). Expression of COX‐2 protein was detected in some gastric cancer cell lines without MSI at various levels, but not in those with MSI. Our results suggest that overexpression of COX‐2 may play an important role in tumor progression of gastric cancer and also support the notion that gastric cancers with and without MSI represent distinctive pathways of carcinogenesis. We also observed a reduction of MSI phenotype after aspirin or sulindac treatment in a hMLH1‐defective gastric cancer cell line SNU‐1, which lacks COX‐2 expression. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:400–403, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 12-year follow-up study of patients with newly diagnosed lone atrial fibrillation: implications of arrhythmia progression on prognosis: the Belgrade Atrial Fibrillation study.

BACKGROUND Lone atrial fibrillation (AF) has been suggested to have a favorable long-term prognosis. Significant interest has been directed at factors predicting arrhythmia progression, and the HATCH score (hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, transient ischemic attack or stroke [2 points], COPD, and heart failure [2 points]) recently has been proposed as a predictive score for AF progression. We investigated long-term outcomes in a large cohort of newly diagnosed lone AF and whether progression from paroxysmal to permanent AF confers an adverse impact on outcomes, including stroke and thromboembolism. METHODS The study was an observational cohort of 346 patients with newly diagnosed lone AF with a mean follow-up of 12.1 ± 7.3 years. RESULTS Baseline paroxysmal AF was confirmed in 242 patients, and of these, 65 (26.9%) subsequently experienced progression to permanent AF. Older age and development of congestive heart failure during follow-up were the multivariate predictors of AF progression (both P < .01), which was documented in 19.8% of patients with a HATCH score of 0 vs 63.2% with a score of 2 (P < .001), although the predictive validity of the HATCH score per se was modest (C statistic, 0.6). The annual rate of thromboembolism and heart failure during follow-up were low (0.4% each), and five patients (1.4%) died. AF progression, development of cardiac diseases, and older age were multivariate predictors of adverse outcomes, including thromboembolism (all P < .05). Baseline CHADS(2) (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) score was not predictive for thromboembolism (C statistic, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31-0.69). CONCLUSIONS This 12-year follow-up study provides confirmatory evidence of a generally favorable prognosis of lone AF, but adverse outcomes (including stroke and thromboembolism) are significantly influenced by age and the (new) development of underlying heart disease. Arrhythmia progression in lone AF is a marker of increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events.
Analysis of the Marketing Margin of Soyabeans in Benue State, Nigeria

The study examined the marketing margin of soyabeans marketers in Benue State, Nigeria. A sampling frame of 914 registered soyabeans marketers was obtained from soyabeans marketers association in the study area. Stratified random sampling techniques was employed to obtain 278 market actors (producer-marketers, wholesalers and retailers) for the study. Data were collected with the use of a well structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result on market conduct, showed that all the respondents (100 %) agreed that they sold their soyabeans immediately after harvest, they rely on family or personal savings for business finance, they do not advertise their soyabeans for sell and they have not attended any training on soyabeans. The result further showed a marketing margin of N88.91, N85.78 and N85.99 respectively. The major problems faced by soyabeans marketers in the study area include inadequate capital, high transportation cost, lack of access to credit facilities, heavy imposition of taxes or levies and poor storage and warehousing facilities. It was recommended that soyabeans marketers in the study area should form cooperative society to have access to loan from both formal and informal sources for better capital base and higher output. In conclusion soyabeans marketing is a profitable and efficient business, with attractive net return on investment in the study area.
Relative Intensity Noise Reduction by Optimizing Fiber Grating Fabry–Perot Laser Parameters

A set of nonlinear rate equations that can describe an external cavity laser with any arbitrary external optical feedback (OFB) level are derived. A comprehensive study on the relative intensity noise (RIN) characteristics of a fiber grating Fabry-Perot is performed numerically. In this paper, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is used as a wavelength lasing selective element to control the external OFB level, thereby control the RIN. In addition to the external OFB level, the effect of other external cavity parameters such as temperature, injection current, cavity volume, gain compression factor, and FBG parameters on RIN characteristics is investigated. The temperature dependence (TD) of RIN is calculated according to TD of laser parameters instead of well-known Parkove relationship. Results show that by optimization, the peak value of the RIN can be reduced down to around -150 dB/Hz. The optimum and the shortest external cavity length that provides the minimum RIN is found to be around 3.1 cm. In addition, by optimization, the relaxation oscillation frequency of RIN spectra is shifted toward around 5.6 GHz.
Identifying determinants of broadband diffusion by stage and by service

This study, based on a Gompertz diffusion model, examines the determinants of diffusion for total broadband, DSL, and cable modem services by applying the Arellano-Bond GMM dynamic panel estimation with the data for OECD countries from 1997 to 2009. For an overall diffusion, the determinants of the services are commonly the same. This study further examines the determinants in three diffusion stages segmented based on the Innovation Diffusion Theory proposed by Rogers. For the same service, the estimation results indicate that the determinants differ by diffusion stage. The reason is very possibly due to the different adopter attributes in each stage. Except for the early majority stage, the determinants in each stage are also different between DSL, cable, and total broadband services. Therefore, governments or service providers should tailor appropriate policies or strategies by stage and by type of service instead of adopting one-sizes-fit-all strategies.
Financial Behaviour and Financial Literacy on Traders in Border Areas of Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to understand the financial behavior and the level of financial literacy at traders in one of the border areas of Indonesia, namely Bengkayang, West Kalimantan. The majority of previous studies examined the financial behavior of investors in the stock market. It raises the motivation to know the financial behavior of the general merchants, even the pedagogues in the border areas that are associated with their level of understanding in managing finances. The border area becomes an interesting object to be studied because of the government’s commitment to build Indonesia from the periphery. By using approach and method of phenomenology research, it is concluded that (1) traders do not have written and systematic financial report that reflect daily income and expense, (2) traders have no commitment to save, (3) trader has negative habit in spending money, (4) the investment for future needs is not a priority, and (5) the limitations of knowledge, lifestyle, and the attitude of not wanting to develop is a factor supporting the formation of bad financial behavior patterns and low level of financial literacy. Various situations that describe the financial behavior and financial literacy are overcome with the role of government and private parties in creating synergies to increase public awareness. With continuous counseling and the availability of financial products that are internalized, good financial behavior and understanding of financial management can be realized.
Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial in childhood IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Children with IgA nephropathy showing diffuse (>80%) mesangial proliferation are at high risk for end-stage renal failure (ESRF). A previous controlled trial showed that combination therapy consisting of prednisolone, azathioprine, heparin-warfarin, and dipyridamole early in the course of disease reduces immunologic renal injury and prevents the progression of sclerosed glomeruli. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of combination therapy in children with IgA nephropathy showing diffuse mesangial proliferation. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving 78 children with IgA nephropathy who received either 2-year combination therapy or heparin-warfarin and dipyridamole (control) therapy was conducted. RESULTS The median duration of observation was 10 years (range, 0.5 to 18). Two of 40 patients (5%) who received combination therapy and five of 34 patients (14.7%) who received control therapy developed ESRF. A Kaplan-Meier plot of renal survival showed that the outcomes of patients in the combined therapy group were better than those in the control therapy group (log-rank P = 0.03). The 10-year renal survival probability of each group was 97.1% (95% confidence interval, 81.4 to 99.6%) and 84.8% (95% confidence interval, 55.4 to 95.5%), respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that the 2-year combination therapy was significantly associated with renal survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Two-year combination therapy not only ameliorated the activity of the acute phase of nephritis but also improved the long-term outcome of severe childhood IgA nephropathy.
Post-stroke cognitive impairment: high prevalence and determining factors in a cohort of mild stroke.

BACKGROUND Because of the aging population and a rise in the number of stroke survivors, the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is increasing. OBJECTIVE To identify the factors associated with 3-month PSCI. METHODS All consecutive stroke patients without pre-stroke dementia, mild cognitive disorders, or severe aphasia hospitalized in the Neurology Department of Dijon, University Hospital, France (November 2010 - February 2012) were included in this prospective cohort study. Demographics, vascular risk factors, and stroke data were collected. A first cognitive evaluation was performed during the hospitalization using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). Patients assessable at 3 months were categorized as cognitively impaired if the MMSE score was ≤26/30 and MOCA <26/30 or if the neuropsychological battery confirmed PSCI when the MMSE and MOCA were discordant. Multivariable logistic models were used to determine factors associated with 3-month PSCI. RESULTS Among the 280 patients included, 220 were assessable at 3 months. The overall frequency of 3-month PSCI was 47.3%, whereas that of dementia was 7.7%. In multivariable analyses, 3-month PSCI was associated with age, low education level, a history of diabetes mellitus, acute confusion, silent infarcts, and functional handicap at discharge. MMSE and MOCA scores during hospitalization were associated with 3-month PSCI (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.54-0.74; p < 0.0001 and OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.59-0.76; p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study underlines the high frequency of PSCI in a cohort of mild stroke. The early cognitive diagnosis of stroke patients could be useful by helping physicians to identify those at a high risk of developing PSCI.
Incidence of bacteremia after chewing, tooth brushing and scaling in individuals with periodontal inflammation.

UNLABELLED SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE FOR STUDY: Bacteremia occurs with various frequency after oral procedures. Periodontal disease may affect the incidence, magnitude, duration and bacterial spectrum of bacteremia. PRINCIPLE FINDINGS The incidence and magnitude of bacteremia after scaling was significantly higher in periodontitis than in gingivitis patients and healthy control individuals. In periodontitis patients, the magnitude of bacteremia was associated with gingival index, plaque index and number of sites with bleeding on probing, but not with probing pocket depth measurements. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases appear to be crucial for the prevention of bacteremia associated with oral procedures.
Variables affecting high-tech cluster innovation : a statistical approach

Regional development and innovation capabilities are topics of prime importance to economists. Prime amongst tools to foster and encourage regional innovation is the "business cluster" particularly high-tech clusters which are believed to foster more innovation. However, the factors leading to this elusive effect are illdefined. In this paper, we applied statistical modelling methodologies on a longitudinal data set derived from a successful business cluster in its mature stage (Mäjardevi Science Park, Sweden). We examined the relationship between cluster’s innovation output using patents and licenses income as indicator, and its input using R&D and social expenses as another indicator. The results show that innovation output is strongly connected with both R&D expenditure and with social networking. Perhaps surprising is the correlation between innovation output and the number of firms in the cluster. Thus, managers of high-tech clusters’ can set innovation targets based on the number of firms involved and from which they can calculate what healthy levels of R&D and networking expenses should be.
Prospects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations are integral, functioning parts of plant roots and are widely recognized as enhancing plant growth on severely disturbed sites, including those contaminated with heavy metals. Theyare reported to be present on the roots of plants growing on heavy metal contaminated soils and play an important role in metal tolerance and accumulation. Isolation of the indigenous and presumably stress-adapted AM fungi can be a potential biotechnological tool for inoculation of plants for successful restoration of degraded ecosystems. This review highlights the potential of AM fungi for enhancing phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.
An innovative strategy for sulfopeptides analysis using MALDI‐TOF MS reflectron positive ion mode

Sulfation of tyrosine residues is a key posttranslational modification in the regulation of various cellular processes. As such, the detection and localization of tyrosine sulfation is an essential step toward the elucidation of the physiological and pathological roles of this process. Despite substantial advances, intact sulfated peptides are still difficult to detect by MALDI‐MS due to the extreme lability of the sulfo‐moiety. The present report demonstrates for the first time how intact sulfated peptides can be directly and specifically detected by MALDI‐MS in positive reflectron mode by using pyrenemethylguanidine (pmg) as a noncovalent derivatizing agent and an ionization enhancer. This new method allows the determination of the degree of sulfation of sulfopeptides pure or in mixtures. Moreover, the observation of specific peaks in the mass spectra enables a rapid and unambiguous discrimination between phospho‐ and sulfopeptides.
Aspects numeriques et theoriques de la modelisation des ecoulements diphasiques compressibles par des methodes de capture d'interface

Ce travail est consacre a la simulation numerique directe des ecoulements diphasiques compressibles. L'approche retenue est l'utilisation des methodes de capture d'interface. Ces techniques font appel a un maillage eulerien fixe tant pour decrire les variables de l'ecoulement que pour l'interface entre les fluides. Dans une premiere partie nous rappelons les methodes classiques de capture d'interface en distinguant celles basees sur des fonctions couleurs discontinues de celles basees sur les fonctions level set. Cette etude met en evidence certaines difficultes : par exemple concilier les schemas numeriques conservatifs avec une description convenable de la pression. En particulier, nous detaillons un modele quasi-conservatif pour deux stiffened gas et le solveur numerique base sur le schema de roe qui lui est associe. Nous proposons dans une deuxieme partie une extension de l'approche precedente : le modele a cinq equations, afin de permettre le plus large choix possible d'equations d'etat pour les fluides en presence. Nous presentons trois variantes de ce systeme et construisons pour l'une d'elles un solveur inspire du schema de roe. La troisieme partie de notre travail est consacree a un raffinement des methodes de capture d'interface et plus specifiquement aux problemes de diffusion numerique de l'interface. Une technique basee sur le raidissement de la fonction couleur et une autre qui allie level set et methode quasi-conservative sont proposees. Enfin, une derniere partie porte sur l'etude du changement de phase dynamique. Nous etudions grace aux outils de la thermodynamique non-classique les structures d'une interface qui realise la transition de phase. Il en ressort qu'une relation de saut a l'interface entre les fluides ou relation cinetique fournit le flux de masse a travers l'interface du au changement de phase. Nous presentons de meme une implementation numerique simple dans le cadre du modele a cinq equations.
Tattooing and Body Piercing

Tattooing and body piercing are increasing, especially among college students. A study of 766 tattooed and/or body-pierced college students in 18 universities across the United States and one in Australia was conducted to discover the demographic characteristics, motivational factors, and health concerns. The traditional college time of 18 to 22 years of age (69%) was when they obtained their tattoo (73%) and/or body piercing (63%). More frequent health problems and impulsive decision making were noted for those with body piercing when compared to those tattooed. Three cases of hepatitis were reported. Health professionals should openly discuss body art with students, convey a nonjudgmental attitude, and assist with informed decision-making information to either reduce risks or dissuade. Open communication and applicable health education will be very important.