Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strokes after cardiac surgery and relationship to carotid stenosis.

OBJECTIVE To critically examine the role of significant carotid stenosis in the pathogenesis of postoperative stroke following cardiac operations. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4335 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement, or both. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence, subtype, and arterial distribution of stroke. RESULTS Clinically definite stroke was detected in 1.8% of patients undergoing cardiac operations during the same admission. Only 5.3% of these strokes were of the large-vessel type, and most strokes (76.3%) occurred without significant carotid stenosis. In 60.0% of cases, strokes identified via computed tomographic head scans were not confined to a single carotid artery territory. According to clinical data, in 94.7% of patients, stroke occurred without direct correlation to significant carotid stenosis. Undergoing combined carotid and cardiac operations increases the risk of postoperative stroke compared with patients with a similar degree of carotid stenosis but who underwent cardiac surgery alone (15.1% vs 0%; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS There is no direct causal relationship between significant carotid stenosis and postoperative stroke in patients undergoing cardiac operations. Combining carotid and cardiac procedures is neither necessary nor effective in reducing postoperative stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.
The relationships between character strengths and life fulfillment in the view of lay-people in Argentina

Se examino la importancia de las fortalezas del caracter para el desarrollo positivo desde el punto de vista de las personas legas. Una muestra de 687 adultos evaluo la importancia de las 24 fortalezas del caracter de la clasificacion Values in Action para cinco areas: bienestar personal, metas personales, relaciones personales y laborales y contribuir a un pais mejor. Se diseno un instrumento basado en la metodologia de la encuesta que estaba compuesto por 24 items. Cada uno evaluaba una fortaleza en cada una de las cinco areas comentadas. La confiabilidad global del mismo fue igual a . 98. Los datos se analizaron mediante la inspeccion de las frecuencias (por ej.: grado de respaldo a cada una de las fortalezas en relacion con el desarrollo positivo), considerando aquellas fortalezas que se encontraban por encima del percentil 90. En general, los resultados han mostrado que la fortaleza del caracter honestidad es un importante recurso personal para las cinco areas consideradas en este estudio. Especificamente, amor, honestidad y vitalidad son las fortalezas del caracter mas importantes para el bienestar personal; perseverancia y autorregulacion, para lograr metas vitales, honestidad y gratitud para el desarrollo de relaciones positivas; companerismo e imparcialidad para las relaciones laborales positivas, e imparcialidad y honestidad para contribuir a un pais mejor. Se analizaron las diferencias por genero y edad y se encontro que las mujeres consideraban a las fortalezas mucho mas importantes que los varones para la mayoria de las areas vitales consideradas. Este estudio senala que las concepciones implicitas de las personas legas deberian ser tomadas en cuenta a la hora de disenar estrategias de intervencion positivas basadas en las fortalezas del caracter.
Inefficiencies and Externalities from Opportunistic Acquirers

If opportunistic acquirers can buy targets using overvalued shares, then there is an inefficiency in the merger and acquisition (M&A) market: the most overvalued rather than the highest-synergy bidder may buy the target. We quantify this inefficiency using a structural estimation approach. We find that the M&A market allocates resources efficiently on average. Opportunistic bidders crowd out high-synergy bidders in only 7% of transactions, resulting in an average synergy loss equal to 9% of the target’s value in these inefficient deals. The implied average loss across all deals is 0.63%. Although the inefficiency is small on average, it is large for certain deals, and it is larger when misvaluation is more likely. Even when opportunistic bidders lose the contest, they drive up prices, imposing a large negative externality on the winning synergistic bidders.
Stimulation and inhibition of milk (lipoprotein) lipase by proteins from egg yolk lipoproteins.

In an accompanying paper we describe a method to purify from very low density lipoproteins of egg yolk, two protein fractions (T1 and T2) with cofactor activity for lipoprotein lipases. When added to media containing (bovine milk) lipoprotein lipase and Intralipid (a lecithin-stabilized emul-sion of soy bean triacylglycerols) they caused an immediate, several-fold increase in the rate of lipolysis. It has been considered characteristic for lipoprotein lipases that their activity is strongly suppressed by high concentrations of NaCl. Such inhibition was seen in assay systems with whole serum, lipoproteins, or crude fractions of egg apoproteins as source of cofactor activity. In contrast NaCl caused little or no inhibition in assay systems with no cofactor source added or with T1 or T2 proteins as cofactors, indicating that salt inhibition is not exerted directly on the active site of the enzyme or on its ability to interact productively with cofactor proteins. Addition of some of the other egg apoproteins changed the response to salt of activity stimulated by T1 and T2 proteins so that it became similar to that seen in assay systems with serum or other crude sources of cofactor activity. Thus, these other proteins could inhibit the enzyme activity and this inhibition was strongly potentiated by increasing the salt concentration of the medium. Inhibition at high salt concentration was seen also with hemoglobin and with myoglobin, suggesting that it is a rather nonspecific effect. It occurred immediately on addition of the inhibitory proteins to the medium, it was reversible and was relieved in a competitive manner by increased amounts of lipid substrate or of cofactor proteins.
Absence of a stable intermediate on the folding pathway of protein A

The B‐domain of protein A has one of the simplest protein topologies, a three‐helix bundle. Its folding has been studied as a model for elementary steps in the folding of larger proteins. Earlier studies suggested that folding might occur by way of a helical hairpin intermediate. Equilibrium hydrogen exchange measurements indicate that the C‐terminal helical hairpin could be a potential folding intermediate. Kinetic refolding experiments were performed using stopped‐flow circular dichroism and NMR hydrogen‐deuterium exchange pulse labeling. Folding of the entire molecule is essentially complete within the 6 ms dead time of the quench‐flow apparatus, indicating that the intermediate, if formed, progresses rapidly to the final folded state. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the isoleucine residue at position 16 was used to generate a variant protein containing tryptophan (the I16W mutant). The formation of the putative folding intermediate was expected to be favored in this mutant at the expense of the native folded form, due to predicted unfavorable steric interactions of the bulky tryptophan side chain in the folded state. The I16W mutant refolds completely within the dead time of a stopped‐flow fluorescence experiment. No partly folded intermediate could be detected by either kinetic or equilibrium measurements. Studies of peptide fragments suggest that the protein A sequence has an intrinsic propensity to form a helix II/helix III hairpin. However, its stability appears to be marginal (of the order of 1/2kT) and it could not be an obligatory intermediate on a defined folding pathway. These results explicitly demonstrate that the protein A B domain folds extremely rapidly by an apparent two‐state mechanism without formation of stable partly folded intermediates. Similar mechanisms may also be involved in the rapid folding of subdomains of larger proteins to form the compact molten globule intermediates that often accumulate during the folding process.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice Status and Associated Factors among Mothers of under 24-Month-Old Children in Shashemene Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Background: Infant and young child feeding is a cornerstone of care for childhood development. In Ethiopia, very large proportions of women do not practice optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding for their children. Composite variables of infant and young child feeding index based on key indicators identified by WHO are not studied in Ethiopia; also there are no studies which document infant and young child feeding practices patterns and associated factors with inappropriate feeding practices in the study area. Objective: To assess infant and young child feeding practice (IYCFP) status and associated factors in Shashemene Woreda, Oromia Region. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from 01/04/2014 to 30/04/2014. A total of 423 mothers who had child less than two years were included in the study using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with infant and young child feeding practices. Statistical significance was determined at p value level less than 0.05. Results: Overall, the prevalence of inappropriate infant and young child feeding practice in study area was 67.9%. Being Government [AOR = 9.81 (1.90, 50.65)] and private [AOR = 7.66 (1.40, 41.94)] employee of husband, poorest socio-economic status [AOR = 1.39 (1.30, 6.48)], not attending ANC (AOR = 4.32 (2.27, 8.21)], child age 0 - 5 months [AOR = 16.01 (5.01, 50.03)], negative attitude of mothers [AOR = 2.50 (1.14, 5.47)] and number of children 3 - 4 [AOR = 5.37 (1.67, 7.42)] were independent predictors of inappropriate IYCFP status. Conclusion: Inappropriate infant and young child feeding practice was prevalent in the study area. Interventional initiatives should focus on improving socio-economic status, and access to information, education and communication (IEC); also increasing ANC coverage for further improvement of IYCF is recommended.
Critical behavior of the uniaxial ferromagnetic monolayer Fe(110) on W(110).

The critical behavior of a ferromagnetic monolayer has been investigated experimentally for the case of the thermodynamically stable pseudomorphic monolayer Fe(110) on W(110). The nearly ideal monolayer samples were composed of monolayer Fe(110) stripes, grown by step flow from the atomic steps of the W(110) substrate, with a distribution of stripe widths around a mean value of 40 nm, and virtually infinite length. The magnetic properties were measured by spin-polarized low-energy electron diffraction, which could be done in weak magnetic fields up to 2 Oe. The monolayer samples show uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with the easy axis [$1\overline{1}0$] in the film plane. Magnetization tails above ${T}_{c}$ were shown to be a result of convolution of the critical power law with the monolayer stripe width distribution. Using an appropriate deconvolution, critical power laws could be established for both magnetization $M$ and susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$, with critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}=(0.134\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003)$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}=(2.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)$, corresponding to predictions of a two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg model.
Quality of work life, burnout, and stress in emergency department physicians: a qualitative review

A 2006 literature review reported that emergency department (ED) physicians showed elevated burnout levels and highlighted several environment and personal issues contributing toward burnout. Research on burnout in EDs is limited. We propose an updated qualitative review on the relationships between work stress, burnout, and quality of work life in ED physicians. We searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Science Direct for studies published since 2005. Of 491 papers, 10 papers were retained, using validated measures and having a minimum of 75 participants. Data extraction was performed manually by the first author and was reviewed by the second author. The majority of the studies used large samples, cross-sectional designs, random, and/or stratified assignment. ED physicians showed moderate to high levels of burnout with difficult work conditions including significant psychological demands, lack of resources, and poor support. Nonetheless, physicians reported high job satisfaction. Further studies should focus on the implementation of measures designed to prevent burnout.
M-Perm: A Lightweight Detector for Android Permission Gaps

Android apps operate under a permissions-based system where access to specific APIs are restricted through the use of permissions. Unfortunately, there is no built-in verification system to ensure that apps do not request too many or too few permissions, which could lead to serious quality and/or privacy concerns. Apps requesting too many permissions create unnecessary vulnerabilities, leaving the potential for abuse by SDKs within the app or other malicious apps installed on the device. In order to assist with the discovery of misused permissions, we created a new detection tool, M-Perm, which combines static and dynamic analysis in a computationally efficient manner compared to existing tools. M-Perm also identifies permission usage in apps including requested normal, dangerous, and 3rd party permissions. The tool, complete usage instructions, and screencast are available online: http://www.m-perm.com.
MicroRNA-34a induces transdifferentiation of glioma stem cells into vascular endothelial cells by targeting Notch pathway

The function of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in transdifferentiation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) into vascular endothelial cells (VECs) was explored by focusing on Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1). MiR-34a mimics was transfected into CD133 + glioma cell U251. The angiogenesis feature of miR-34a transfected U251 cells was investigated and the expressions of CD31, CD34, Vwf, Notch 1, and Dll1 were quantified. Length of branching vessel-like structures in the miR-34a transfected U251 cells was significantly higher than control cells. The VEC feature of miR-34a overexpressed U251 cells was further confirmed by the expressions of CD31, CD34, and vWF. Transfection of miR-34a decreased the expression of Notch 1 and Dll1. Furthermore, the miR-34a overexpression-enhanced tube formation of GSCs was suppressed when the decreased expression of Dll1 was restored. The current study highlighted the potential of miR-34a as an inducer in GSCs’ transdifferentiation into VECs by targeting Dll1. Up-regulation of miR-34a induced transdifferentiation of CD133+ U251 cells into VECs
An instability mechanism for particulate pipe flow

We present a linear stability analysis for a simple model of particle-laden pipe flow. The model consists of a continuum approximation for the particles, two-way coupled to the fluid velocity field via Stokes drag (Saffman, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 13 (01), 1962, pp. 120–128). We extend previous analysis in a channel (Klinkenberg et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 23 (6), 2011, 064110) to allow for the initial distribution of particles to be inhomogeneous in a similar manner to Boronin (Fluid Dyn., vol. 47 (3), 2012, pp. 351–363) and in particular consider the effect of allowing the particles to be preferentially located around one radius in accordance with experimental observations. This simple modification of the problem is enough to alter the stability properties of the flow, and in particular can lead to a linear instability offering an alternative route to turbulence within this problem.
Characterization of Microseismic Noise in Cape Verde

The authors thank projects CVPLUME (Ref. PTDC/CTE-GIN/64330/2006) and Cape Verde Mantle Structure (YW network) for providing the broadband seismic data they used in this research. This study was partially supported by projects Atmosphere-Ocean-Solid Earth Coupling: Seismic Tools to Explore and Monitor the Oceans (STORM) (Ref. UTAP-EXPL/EAC/0056/2017) and Transnational cooperation-Pessoa Program (PHC-PESSOA) (Ref. 4318/40851YL). This is a contribution to project Fogo Island volcano: multi disciplinary Research on 2014 Eruption (FIRE) (Ref. PTDC/GEO-GEO/1123/2014). Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) Ph.D. Grant Ref. PD/BD/114480/2016 supported Joana Carvalho. Publication supported by FCT-project UID/GEO/50019/2019-Instituto Dom Luiz. The authors are grateful to the European COST action TIDES (ES1401) for all the discussions and for supporting Short-term scientific mission (STSM) of the authors.
One side electrode type fluidic based capacitive pressure sensor

This paper presents the novel fluidic based capacitive pressure sensor. The electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) concept was applied as a sensing method. The methanol was selected as an electrolyte due to its liquid properties such as low surface tension and dielectric permittivity. The circular membrane and microchannel were fabricated using PDMS material and the one side electrode was fabricated on the printed circuit board (PCB). PDMS was used as an insulator on the electrode to allow the formation of the ionic layer. The value of capacitance depends on the liquid movement inside the microchannel. The result of membrane deflections for PDMS membrane with dimension 2.8mm×2.8mm×1.5mm deviated compared to the simulation where it was assumed that the simulation model is was linear. From the experimental results, the operating frequency, response time and sensitivity of the sensor were 1.2 kHz, 0.21 s and 0.033 pF/kPa, respectively.
Deep Neural Network Initialization Methods for Micro-Doppler Classification With Low Training Sample Support

Deep neural networks (DNNs) require large-scale labeled data sets to prevent overfitting while having good generalization. In radar applications, however, acquiring a measured data set of the order of thousands is challenging due to constraints on manpower, cost, and other resources. In this letter, the efficacy of two neural network initialization techniques—unsupervised pretraining and transfer learning—for dealing with training DNNs on small data sets is compared. Unsupervised pretraining is implemented through the design of a convolutional autoencoder (CAE), while transfer learning from two popular convolutional neural network architectures (VGGNet and GoogleNet) is used to augment measured RF data for training. A 12-class problem for discrimination of micro-Doppler signatures for indoor human activities is utilized to analyze activation maps, bottleneck features, class model, and classification accuracy with respect to training sample size. Results show that on meager data sets, transfer learning outperforms unsupervised pretraining and random initialization by 10% and 25%, respectively, but that when the sample size exceeds 650, unsupervised pretraining surpasses transfer learning and random initialization by 5% and 10%, respectively. Visualization of activation layers and learned models reveals how the CAE succeeds in representing the micro-Doppler signature.
Quality driven gold washing adaptive vector quantization and its application to ECG data compression

The gold washing (GW) adaptive vector quantization (AVQ) (GW-AVQ) is a relatively new scheme for data compression. The adaptive nature of the algorithm provides the robustness for wide variety of the signals. However, the performance of GW-AVQ is highly dependent on a preset parameter called distortion threshold (dth) which must be determined by experience or trial-and-error. We propose an algorithm that allows us to assign an initial dth arbitrarily and then automatically progress toward a desired dth according to a specified quality criterion, such as the percent of root mean square difference (PRD) for electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. A theoretical foundation of the algorithm is also presented. This algorithm is particularly useful when multiple GW-AVQ codebooks and, thus, multiple dth's are required in a subband coding framework. Four sets of ECG data with entirely different characteristics are selected from the MIT/BIH database to verify the proposed algorithm. Both the direct GW-AVQ and a wavelet-based GW-AVQ are tested. The results show that a user specified PRD can always be reached regardless of the ECG waveforms, the initial selection of dth or whether a wavelet transform is used in conjunction with the GW-AVQ. An average result of 6% in PRD and 410 bits/s in compressed data rate is obtained with excellent visual quality.
Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone and testosterone on the vulva and forearm: effect of the menopause and site

Summary The percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone and testosterone was studied following their application to the vulvar and ventral forearm regions of pre‐ and post‐menopausal women. Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone was significantly greater in vulvar skin than forearm skin in both pre‐ and post‐menopausal women (P <0·05. respectively), whereas the percutaneous absorption of testosterone was significantly increased (P<0·01) on the vulva compared with the arm only in post‐menopausal women.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND ADULT ATTACHMENT DIMENSIONS IN A MIXED PSYCHIATRIC SAMPLE: A MULTIVARIATE STUDY

The associations between personality disorders and adult attachment dimensions were assessed in a sample of 487 consecutively admitted psychiatric subjects. Canonical correlation analysis showed that two sets of moderately correlated canonical variates explained the correlations between personality disorders and adult attachment patterns. The first and second attachment variates closely resembled the avoidance and anxiety attachment dimensions, respectively. The first personality disorder variate was mainly characterized by avoidant, depressive, paranoid, and schizotypal personality disorders, whereas dependent, histrionic, and borderline personality disorders loaded on the second canonical variate. However, these linear combinations of personality disorders were different from those obtained from principal component analysis. The results extend previous studies linking personality disorders and attachment patterns and suggest the importance of focusing on specific constellations of symptoms associated with dimensions of insecurity.