Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raised corticomotor excitability of M1 forearm area following anodal tDCS is sustained during robotic wrist therapy in chronic stroke.

PURPOSE Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can transiently increase corticomotor excitability of intrinsic hand muscles and improve upper limb function in patients with chronic stroke. As a preliminary study, we tested whether increased corticomotor excitability would be similarly observed in muscles acting about the wrist, and remain present during robotic training involving active wrist movements, in six chronic stroke patients with residual motor deficit. METHODS Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) generated motor evoked potentials (MEP) in the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and provided a measure of corticomotor excitability and short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) before and immediately after a period of tDCS (1 mA, 20 min, anode and TMS applied to the lesioned hemisphere), and robotic wrist training (1hr). RESULTS Following tDCS, the same TMS current strength evoked an increased MEP amplitude (mean 168 +/- 22%SEM; p < 0.05), that remained increased after robot training (166 +/- 23%; p < 0.05). Conditioned MEPs were of significantly lower amplitude relative to unconditioned MEPs prior to tDCS (62 +/- 6%, p < 0.05), but not after tDCS (89 +/- 14%, p = 0.40), or robot training (91 +/- 8%, p = 0.28), suggesting that the increased corticomotor excitability is associated with reduced intracortical inhibition. CONCLUSION The persistence of these effects after robotic motor training, indicates that a motor learning and retraining program can co-exist with tDCS-induced changes in cortical motor excitability, and supports the concept of combining brain stimulation with physical therapy to promote recovery after brain injury.
Physiology of the white chromatophores in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator.

1. Specimens of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, from Panacea, Florida, exhibited a daily rhythm of migration of their white chromatophoric pigment only when maintained in constant darkness. The pigment was more dispersed by day than at night. Crabs exposed to an incident illumination of 3.25 meter-candles on black and on white backgrounds showed no rhythm.2. The white pigment of these fiddler crabs exhibited a strong background adaptation. The pigment was well dispersed in crabs on a white background and maximally concentrated in those on a black background.3. At an incident light intensity of 3.25 meter-candles the white pigment of only 47% of the eyestalkless crabs was maximally dispersed. In 23% of the eyestalkless crabs it was in a maximally concentrated state. High intensities of illumination induced dispersion of the white pigment.4. Evidence was presented for the first time for the presence of a white pigment-dispersing substance in the sinus glands and central nervous system of Uca pugilator. The.
Dynamic hydrolase activities precede hypersensitive tissue collapse in tomato seedlings.

Hydrolases such as subtilases, vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) and the proteasome play important roles during plant programmed cell death (PCD). We investigated hydrolase activities during PCD using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), which displays the active proteome using probes that react covalently with the active site of proteins. We employed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings undergoing synchronized hypersensitive cell death by co-expressing the avirulence protein Avr4 from Cladosporium fulvum and the tomato resistance protein Cf-4. Cell death is blocked in seedlings grown at high temperature and humidity, and is synchronously induced by decreasing temperature and humidity. ABPP revealed that VPEs and the proteasome are not differentially active, but that activities of papain-like cysteine proteases and serine hydrolases, including Hsr203 and P69B, increase before hypersensitive tissue collapse, whereas the activity of a carboxypeptidase-like enzyme is reduced. Similar dynamics were observed for these enzymes in the apoplast of tomato challenged with C. fulvum. Unexpectedly, these challenged plants also displayed novel isoforms of secreted putative VPEs. In the absence of tissue collapse at high humidity, the hydrolase activity profile is already altered completely, demonstrating that changes in hydrolase activities precede hypersensitive tissue collapse.
Interferon gamma and interleukin 10 polymorphisms in Chinese children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

The aim of the study is to investigate the association of interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with the susceptibility of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Chinese children without known family history of HLH.
Nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness in HIV disease. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group.

OBJECTIVES HIV disease is frequently complicated by episodic acute bronchitis, suggesting the presence of chronic bronchial inflammation. To further examine this concept, we investigated the possible association of nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and HIV disease. DESIGN Methacholine inhalation challenge studies were performed on 66 HIV-seropositive and 8 HIV-seronegative members of the Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Cohort. AHR was defined as 20% or more decline in FEV1 from the postdiluent value after inhalation of 125 or less cumulative breath units. The prevalence of AHR in HIV-seropositive cohort members was compared with that in matched control subjects who had undergone methacholine challenge testing for two unrelated studies. Demographic, behavioral, and clinical features in HIV cohort members with and without AHR were contrasted. The relationship between AHR and the occurrence of episodic airway disease or symptoms suggestive of airway disease was examined. RESULTS AHR was not more prevalent in HIV-seropositive cohort members than control subjects (19.3% vs 12.9%; p > 0.1). Within the cohort, AHR was detected more frequently in members with than without a history of asthma (60% vs 16%; p < 0.05). A greater proportion with than without AHR had 1 or more episode of pneumonia within 2 years (46% vs 9%; p < 0.01), 1 or more asthma episode during the study period (39% vs 1.9%; p < 0.001), or wheeze noted during clinic visits (62% vs 17%; p < 0.01). The proportion that experienced acute bronchitis did not differ in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This study suggest that HIV-infected persons do not have increased prevalence of nonspecific AHR. In HIV disease, AHR is associated asthma, but not episodic acute bronchitis. Thus, the possibility that airway injury without demonstrable AHR might complicate HIV disease remains.
Allogeneic transplantation: peripheral blood vs. bone marrow

Purpose of review Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) have been widely adopted as a source of stem cells for allogeneic transplantation, although controversy remains regarding their role compared to the use of bone marrow. Recent findings Ten-year follow-up has been reported from several large randomized trials and a recently completed trial using unrelated donor stem cells has been reported. In addition, two meta-analyses have been reported from the findings of a number of randomized studies. Several studies indicate that PBSCs confer survival advantages over bone marrow with matched sibling donors for most disease categories except where the risks of disease recurrence within the first year are low, but with the extra risk of more chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Using PBSCs from unrelated donors does not appear to be more beneficial than bone marrow, but with early follow-up. New strategies for rapid mobilization of PBSCs from normal donors using plerixafor have been reported. Early studies suggest that filgrastim-stimulated bone marrow may confer some of the advantages of PBSCs without the risks of chronic GVHD. Summary PBSCs are a preferred source of stem cells for many types of allogeneic transplant, in which matched related donors are available. Whether the same benefits accrue from unrelated donors will require further follow-up.
Adenosine Receptor Subtypes Mediating Coronary Vasodilation in Rat Hearts

Adenosine receptor-mediated coronary vasodilation was studied in isolated hearts from young (1–2 months) and mature (12–18 months) Wistar rats. The nonselective agonist 5´-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) induced biphasic concentration-dependant dilation with similar potencies in both age groups (p < 0.05). Despite similar potencies, responses to NECA were significantly depressed by 50% with age. NECA-mediated dilation was unaltered by selective A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 100 n M) or A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) antagonist 5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (SCH 58261, 100 n M). However, the A2B adenosine receptor (A2B AR) selective antagonist alloxazine (10 &mgr;M) significantly reduced response magnitude to NECA in both age groups. Concentration–response curves to N6-2-(4-aminophenyl) ethyladenosine (APNEA) induced biphasic concentration-dependent dilation in hearts from young animals. In the presence of the three combined antagonists, 1 &mgr;M DPCPX, 100 n M SCH 58261, and 1 &mgr;M alloxazine, the response magnitude was significantly attenuated (p < 0.05). The addition of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) antagonist 3-ethyl-5-benzyl-2-methyl-4-phenylethyl-6-phenyl-1,4-(±)-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MRS1191, 100 n M) to the combined antagonists further attenuated vasodilator responses to APNEA. The results suggest that multiple adenosine receptor subtypes mediate dilation in the rat coronary circulation. NECA mediates vasodilation via the A2BAR subtype, while dilator responses to APNEA in the presence and absence of A1, A2, and A3 AR antagonists provide evidence for a vasodilator role for A3 ARs in rat coronary circulation. The magnitude of the coronary dilator response is reduced with age and does not involve A2A or A1 ARs.
311547-Journal vol 5/1 Jan 04

Schizophrenia still has a poorer outcome than other affective disorders. One possible way to improve the long-term outcome of schizophrenic patients is to optimise long-term treatment with the aim to minimise the number of relapses and to reduce residual symptoms. Atypical antipsychotics have various advantages over atypical neuroleptics. The first depot formulation of an atypical neuroleptic appears to be a further positive step to improve the possibilities of an optimal long-term treatment for schizophrenia
Sustaining Lean: Strategies for Dealing with Organizational Paradoxes

4 Table of contents . 6 List of figures . 9 List of tables . 10 List of appendix . 11 Chapter 1 Introduction . 12 1.1 The emergence of paradox as a new paradigm in management studies . 15 1.2 The paradoxical nature of lean . 21 1.3 The management of organizational paradoxes . 24 1.4 Motivation and study domain of the thesis . 27 1.5 Research questions . 30 1.6 Philosophy of science and the case study . 32 1.6. 1 The paradigm adopted in this thesis . 32 1.6. 2 Case study . 35 1.7 Research design and structure of the thesis . 38 Chapter 2 Organizational paradoxes and their management . 43 2.1 Definitions of organizational paradoxes . 45 2.2 Genesis and ontology of organizational paradoxes . 48 2.3 Reframing . 52 2.4 Types of organizational paradoxes . 59 2.4. 1 Organizing paradoxes . 63 2.4. 2 Belonging paradoxes . 65 2.4. 3 Performing paradoxes . 66 2.4. 4 Learning paradoxes . 67 2.4. 5 Interaction among paradoxes . 69 2.5 The management of organizational paradoxes . 71 2.5. 1 Quinn and Cameron (1988) . 74 2.5. 2 Lewis (2000) . 82 2.5. 3 Poole and Van de Ven (1989) / Van de Ven and Poole (1988) . 87 2.5. 4 Putnam (1986) . 95 2.5. 5 Smith and Berg (1987) . 101 2.5. 6 Smith and Lewis (2011) . 106
Gravity current propagation up a valley

Abstract The advance of the front of a dense gravity current propagating in a rectangular channel and V-shaped valley both horizontally and up a shallow slope is examined through theory, full-depth lock–release laboratory experiments and hydrostatic numerical simulations. Consistent with theory, experiments and simulations show that the front speed is relatively faster in the valley than in the channel. The front speed measured shortly after release from the lock is 5–22 % smaller than theory, with greater discrepancy found in upsloping V-shaped valleys. By contrast, the simulated speed is approximately 6 % larger than theory, showing no dependence on slope for rise angles up to ${\it\theta}=8^{\circ }$ . Unlike gravity currents in a channel, the current head is observed in experiments to be more turbulent when propagating in a V-shaped valley. The turbulence is presumably enhanced due to the lateral flows down the sloping sides of the valley. As a consequence, lateral momentum transport contributes to the observed lower initial speeds. A Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin like theory predicting the deceleration of the current as it runs upslope agrees remarkably well with simulations and with most experiments, within errors.
Survivor Voices: Co-Learning, Re-Connection, and Healing Through Community Action Research and Engagement (CARE)

This article describes the Trauma Healing Project (THP: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.http//healingattention.org">www.http//healingattention.org</ext-link>), the <italic>Survivor Voices</italic> study (<italic>n</italic> = 351), and the complementary nature of community– campus partnerships (CCP) and community-based participatory action research methodology (PAR). <italic>Survivor Voices</italic>—a random digit telephone survey developed by, conducted, analyzed, and disseminated by survivors of abuse and violence, university researchers, and students—was designed to learn from survivors about what hurt and about what helped with regard to how people responded to their trauma, and what they recommend for trauma healing. We feature our CCP, including challenges faced, how we have addressed those challenges, and profile our current findings. We describe how PAR and CCPs can be very useful tools toward the development of a community-wide effort to reduce violence and support trauma healing.
Toluene removal from waste air using a flat composite membrane bioreactor

In this report, gaseous toluene biodegradation results in a flat composite membrane reactor inoculated with Pseudomonas putida TVA8 are presented. Preliminary abiotic experiments showed that transport of toluene through the membrane was linearly and negatively correlated with the gas residence time (τ). During a 339‐day biofiltration experiment, the influence of gas residence time (2–24 sec) and mass loading rate (Bv; 10–483 g m−3 h−1) on the toluene elimination capacity was investigated. A maximum elimination capacity (ECmax) of 397 g m−3 h−1 was achieved at τ = 24 sec and Bv = 473 g m−3 h−1. Expressed per unit membrane area, the ECm,max was 0.793 g m−2 h−1, which is five times higher than results obtained with other membrane bioreactor experiments in the same range of loading rates. At low gas residence times, reactor performance was limited by mass transfer. Toluene concentration profiles along the membrane were measured for several biotic and abiotic conditions. For inlet concentrations (Cin) up to 1 g m−3, more than 90% was eliminated at 15 cm from the reactor inlet. For Cin > 1.65 g m−3, longer membranes are necessary to obtain these high removal efficiencies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatic and extrahepatic insulin action in humans: measurement in the absence of non-steady-state error.

The isotope dilution technique has been extensively used to assess insulin action in humans. To determine if nonsteady state (NSS) has led to erroneous estimates of hepatic and extrahepatic insulin sensitivity, we measured glucose turnover in healthy subjects during infusion of insulin at rates of 0.25, 0.6, and 2.0 mU.kg-1.min-1. Turnover was calculated using Steele's traditional NSS equations [fixed-effective volume (pV) method] as well as with methods [radioactive infused glucose (hot-GINF) or variable pV] designed to minimize NSS error. In contrast to the fixed-pV method, both the hot-GINF and variable-pV methods indicated that several hours were required for suppression of hepatic glucose release at all insulin concentrations and that small increases in plasma insulin (approximately 100 pmol/l) had comparable effects on glucose disappearance and hepatic glucose release. Nevertheless, despite these differences, when turnover during the final hour of the insulin infusions was plotted vs. the prevailing insulin concentration, all three methods yielded similar insulin dose-response curves for suppression of hepatic glucose release. Thus despite previous errors in measurement of glucose turnover, the widely accepted belief that the human liver is exquisitely sensitive to small changes in insulin is correct.
Reversal of Aminopterin Inhibition in the Chick Embyro with Desoxyribosides.∗

Summary Aminopterin, injected prior to, or early in, the incubation period, is highly toxic to the chick embryo. Ten micrograms or more of this compound produce 100% mortality; 100 μg or more per egg completely inhibit embryonic development. The inhibitor becomes relatively less toxic as embryonic development progresses; at nine days or more, twenty micrograms is non-toxic. The same amount injected at three days results in almost immediate embryonic death. Thymidine partially counteracted the inhibitory effects of aminopterin. A combination of hypoxanthine desoxyriboside and thymidine was more effective than thymidine alone. In the absence of thymidine, hypoxanthine desoxyriboside was without effect. An enzymatic digest of desoxyribonucleic acid also counteracted aminopterin inhibition partially. Thymine, hypoxanthine, folic acid, vitamin B12, and concentrates of the Leuconostoc citrovorum factor, alone and in various combinations, were ineffective in counteracting aminopterin inhibition. These experiments indicate that aminopterin acts in animal tissues in part by preventing synthesis of thymidine and one or more of the purine desoxyribosides, and that these compounds are immediately essential for embryonic growth. Since aminopterin is thought to act by creating a deficiency in folic acid, the necessity for folic acid in synthesis of these compounds in animal tissues is implied.
Genomics of corneal wound healing: a review of the literature

Corneal wound healing is a complex process: its mechanisms and the underlying genetic control are not fully understood. It involves the integrated actions of multiple growth factors, cytokines and proteases produced by epithelial cells, stromal keratocytes, inflammatory cells and lacrimal gland cells. Following an epithelial insult, multiple cytokines are released triggering a cascade of events that leads to repair the epithelial defect and remodelling of the stroma to minimize the loss of transparency and function. In this review, we examine the literature surrounding the genomics of corneal wound healing with respect to the following topics: epithelial and stromal wound healing (including inhibition); corneal neovascularisation; the role of corneal nerves in wound healing; the endothelium; the role of aquaporins and aptamers. We also examine the effect of ectasia on corneal wound healing with regard to keratoconus and following corneal surgery. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular changes that occur during repair of corneal wounds will provide the opportunity to design treatments that selectively modulate key phases of the healing process resulting in scars that more closely resemble normal corneal architecture.
Educational Interpreting and Teacher Preparation: An Interdisciplinary Model

Educational interpreting remains the fastest growing area in the field of interpreting largely due to the Individual with Disabilities Education Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. The United States Department of Education, Personal Preparation and Special Topics, has awarded grants to a number of organizations, agencies, colleges and universities to establish preparation programs for educational interpreters. This article describes how resources, namely the curriculum, extant in a teacher preparation program in deafness are used in establishing a four year preparation program for educational interpreters leading to a Bachelor of Science degree. The interdisciplinary model outlined follows the curriculum recommendations of the Council on Education of the Deaf/Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf Ad Hoc Committee for Educational Interpreting.
Genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations in Spain and their genetic relationships with cultivated grapevines

The wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, considered as the ancestor of the cultivated grapevine, is native from Eurasia. In Spain, natural populations of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris can still be found along river banks. In this work, we have performed a wide search of wild grapevine populations in Spain and characterized the amount and distribution of their genetic diversity using 25 nuclear SSR loci. We have also analysed the possible coexistence in the natural habitat of wild grapevines with naturalized grapevine cultivars and rootstocks. In this way, phenotypic and genetic analyses identified 19% of the collected samples as derived from cultivated genotypes, being either naturalized cultivars or hybrid genotypes derived from spontaneous crosses between wild and cultivated grapevines. The genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations was similar than that observed in the cultivated group. The molecular analysis showed that cultivated germplasm and wild germplasm are genetically divergent with low level of introgression. Using a model‐based approach implemented in the software structure, we identified four genetic groups, with two of them fundamentally represented among cultivated genotypes and two among wild accessions. The analyses of genetic relationships between wild and cultivated grapevines could suggest a genetic contribution of wild accessions from Spain to current Western cultivars.
Chinese Cultural Influences on Parental Caregiving Obligations Toward Children With Disabilities

The author draws on the personal and public dilemmas that result when Chinese families care for children with disabilities. She employed an ethnographic approach to interview 15 Hong Kong Chinese families caring for children aged 5 to 16 with disabilities. Twelve of these families included sons with disabilities. The following themes emerged: disruptions to natural order, public opinions on what constitutes personhood and ordered bodies, and the establishment of moral reputations linked to shame and blame and the gendered division of parenting. The author highlights the centrality of parenthood in Chinese society as the acceptance of responsibility and its cyclic enactment, and emphasizes how the care of children with handicaps strains and violates the Chinese culturally expected order of parental obligations.