Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teams, Organization and Education Outcomes: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Bangladesh

We study the relationship between network centrality and educational outcomes using a field experiment in primary schools in Bangladesh. After obtaining information on friendship networks, we randomly allocate students into groups and give them individual and group assignments. We find that the groups that perform the best are those whose members have high Katz-Bonacich and key-player centralities. Leaders are mostly responsible for this effect, while bad apples have little influence. Group members' network centrality is also important in shaping individual performance. We show that network centrality captures non-cognitive skills, especially patience and competitiveness.
Transition dynamics and confinement scaling in COMPASS-D H mode plasmas

An experimental analysis is discussed of different phases of ECRH H? mode discharges on COMPASS-D, from L-H transition triggering to steady state. Comprehensive high resolution measurements in the transport barrier region have enabled significant progress to be made in assessing H? mode transition models, together with additional experiments aimed at resolving controlling trigger mechanisms. The application of four possible transition models to the data indicates that all demonstrate limiting or critical parameter values at the transition. One of them, based on Alfv? n drift wave turbulence suppression, exhibits precursor behaviour in the stability regime diagram and predicts the density and magnetic field dependences of the H? mode power threshold observed on COMPASS-D. Analysis of the evolution of the local radial electric field and its shear indicates that significant shear only develops after the L-H transition. Stationary ELMy H? modes are achieved at high ? * with good confinement, and dimensionless scaling over a range of ? * has been carried out, providing valuable confinement data in a regime where heat is deposited primarily to the electrons.
AN ANALYSIS OF CHANGING LEVELS OF ANXIETY EXPERIENCED BY THE PERSONNEL OF THE 25TH WINTER UNIVERSIADE COORDINATION CENTER

The aim of this research is to determine the level of anxiety experienced by the personnel of the 25th Winter Universiade Coordination Center and to observe whether there is any correlation with certain demographic factors. Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was implemented as pre-test and post-test on 79 women and 144 men, 223 in total working for the coordination 4 months and 4 days before the competitions, to acquire data about the levels of anxiety. Frequency analysis for the SPSS program, independent sample t-tests and one way ANOVA were applied during the statistical evaluation of the acquired data. According to the data acquired, the study concludes that the trait anxiety level experienced by the personnel of the coordination decreased as days passed toward the beginning of the competition, and in contrast, state anxiety levels increased as the beginning of the competition approached.
Costs of secondary parasitism in the facultative hyperparasitoid Pachycrepoideus dubius: does host size matter?

Although hyperparasitism frequently occur in parasitic insects, many aspects of this strategy remain unknown. We investigated possible fitness costs of hyperparasitism as influenced by host size. Our study was conducted with the facultative hyperparasitoid Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), which parasitizes host species differing greatly in size. We compared some fitness traits (level of successful parasitism, development time, sex ratio and offspring size) of P. dubius developing on large secondary/primary (Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)/Trybliographa rapae Westwood (Hymenoptera: Figitidae)) or small secondary/primary host species (Drosophila melanogaster L./Asobara tabida Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)). In no‐choice and choice experiments, P. dubius was able to develop on different stages of T. rapae (L2 (endophagous), L4 (ectophagous), and pupae) but that it preferred to parasitize unparasitized D. radicum pupae over pupae parasitized by T. rapae. Furthermore, in P. dubius, hyperparasitism was associated with fitness costs (lower level of successful parasitism, smaller adult size) and these costs were greater on the smallest host complex. We hypothesize that the size of D. melanogaster pupae parasitized by A. tabida may be close to the suboptimal host size for P. dubius beneath which the costs of hyperparasitism make this strategy nonadaptive. Hyperparasitism in terms of trade‐offs between host quality and abundance of competitors is discussed.
Physics graduate teaching assistants' beliefs about a grading rubric: Lessons learned

Explication and reflection on expert vs. novice considerations within the problem-solving process characterize a cognitive apprenticeship approach for the development of expert-like problem solving practices. In the context of grading, a cognitive apprenticeship approach requires that instructors place the burden of proof on students, namely, that they require explanations of reasoning and explication of problem-solving processes. However, prior research on instructors' considerations when grading revealed their reluctance to use such a grading approach, motivated by a perception of teaching that places the burden of proof on the instructor. This study focuses on physics graduate teaching assistants (TAs) who play a central role in grading. A short professional development activity was designed that involved eliciting TAs' perceptions regarding grading, presenting a cognitive apprenticeship-inspired grading rubric, followed by a discussion of the dilemma between placing the burden of proof on the instructor vs. the student. In this context, we examined TAs' grading considerations and approaches towards grading and the effect of the short professional development grading activity on them.
The Comparative Moderating Effect of Risk Management Committee and Audit Committee on the Association Between Voluntary Risk Management Disclosure and Firm Performance

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the comparative moderating effects of two separate risk governance mechanisms on the relationship between voluntary risk management disclosure (VRMD) and firm performance (FP). This study utilizes content analysis method to collect VRMD data, while FP is measured based on investors’ perspective, represented by Tobin’s Q. Multivariate statistical tests show that the existence of Risk Management Committee (RMC) augmented the association between VRMD and FP. However, the appointment of audit committee (AC) and the quality of AC which are represented by size, independence, education and number of AC meetings, do not have any moderating effect on the relationship between VRMD and FP. The findings suggest that risk governance mechanisms do matter to investors in evaluating risk management information. The findings also provide empirical evidence that should be of interest to the management of company and regulatory bodies in terms of deciding upon whether or not to establish RMC as a separate committee from AC. Keywords: Risk management committee; audit committee; risk governance; voluntary risk management disclosure; non-financial Industry ABSTRAK Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan penyederhana secara komparatif dua mekanisme tadbir urus risiko terhadap hubungan antara pendedahan maklumat sukarela pengurusan risiko (PMSPR) dan prestasi syarikat (PS). Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan untuk mengumpul data PMSPR, manakala PS diukur berdasarkan perspektif pelabur, yang diwakili oleh Tobin’s Q. Ujian statistik multivariat menunjukkan bahawa kewujudan Jawatankuasa Pengurusan Risiko (JPR) meningkatkan hubungan antara PMSPR dan PS. Walau bagaimanapun, perlantikan Jawatankuasa Audit (JA) dan kualiti JA yang diwakili oleh saiz, kebebasan, pendidikan dan bilangan mesyuarat JA tidak mempunyai kesan penyederhana terhadap hubungan PMSPR dan PS. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa mekanisme tadbir urus risiko adalah penting kepada pelabur dalam menilai maklumat pengurusan risiko. Dapatan ini juga memberikan bukti empirikal kepada pihak pengurusan syarikat dan badan pengawalseliaan dari segi penentuan sama ada untuk menubuhkan JPR atau tidak secara berasingan daripada JA. Kata kunci: Jawatankuasa pengurusan risiko; jawatankuasa audit; tadbir urus risiko; pendedahan maklumat sukarela pengurusan risiko; industri bukan kewangan
Chapter 7 The Structure of Financial Networks

We present here an overview of the use of networks in Finance and Economics. We show how this approach enables us to address important questions as, for example, the structure of control chains in financial systems, the systemic risk associated with them and the evolution of trade between nations. All these results are new in the field and allow for a better understanding and modelling of different economic systems.
Metal-Carbon Interactions on Reduced Graphene Oxide under Facile Thermal Treatment

Silver-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO) nanosheets were prepared by single chemical and thermal processes, with very low concentration of silver. The resulting carbon framework consists of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets or 3D networks, decorated with anchored silver nanoparticles. The Ag-rGO nanosheets were dispersed into a polymer matrix and the composites evaluated for use as biological scaffolds. The rGO material in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) bacteria, after exposure times of 24 and 120 hours, as well as in the determination of cell viability on cultures of fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3). Using 1źmL of Ag-rGO in PDMS the antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus was limited, showing an increased amount of Colony Forming Units (CFU), after 24 hours of contact. In the cell viability assay, after 48 hours of contact, the group of 1źmL of Ag-rGO with PDMS was the only group that increased cell viability when compared to the control group. In this context, it is believed these behaviors are due to the increase in cell adhesion capacity promoted by the rGO. Thus, the Ag-rGO/PDMS hybrid nanocomposite films can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as they limit antimicrobial activity.
Feedback from reorienting AGN jets

Aims. We test the effects of re-orienting jets from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) on the intracluster medium in a galaxy cluster environment with short central cooling time. We investigate both the appearance and the properties of the resulting cavities, and the efficiency of the jets in providing near-isotropic heating to the cooling cluster core. Methods. We use numerical simulations to explore four models of AGN jets over several active/inactive cycles. We keep the jet power and duration fixed across the models, varying only the jet re-orientation angle prescription. We track the total energy of the intracluster medium (ICM) in the cluster core over time, and the fraction of the jet energy transferred to the ICM. We pay particular attention to where the energy is deposited. We also generate synthetic X-ray images of the simulated cluster and compare them qualitatively to actual observations. Results. Jets whose re-orientation is minimal (≲20°) typically produce conical structures of interconnected cavities, with the opening angle of the cones being ~15–20°, extending to ~300 kpc from the cluster centre. Such jets transfer about 60% of their energy to the ICM, yet they are not very efficient at heating the cluster core, and even less efficient at heating it isotropically, because the jet energy is deposited further out. Jets that re-orientate by ≳20° generally produce multiple pairs of detached cavities. Although smaller, these cavities are inflated within the central 50 kpc and are more isotropically distributed, resulting in more effective heating of the core. Such jets, over hundreds of millions of years, can deposit up to 80% of their energy precisely where it is required. Consequently, these models come the closest in terms of approaching a heating/cooling balance and mitigating runaway cooling of the cluster core even though all models have identical jet power/duration profiles. Additionally, the corresponding synthetic X-ray images exhibit structures and features closely resembling those seen in real cool-core clusters.
The role of stimulating employees’ creativity and idea generation in encouraging innovation behaviour in Irish firms

Abstract This paper analyses the impact of stimulating staff creativity and idea generation on the likelihood of innovation. Using data for over 3,000 firms, obtained from the Irish Community Innovation Survey 2008-2010, we examine the impact of six creativity generating stimuli on product, process, organisational and marketing innovation. Our results indicate that the stimuli impact the four forms of innovation in different ways. For instance, brainstorming and multidisciplinary teams are found to stimulate all forms of innovation, rotation of employees is found to stimulate organisational innovation, while financial and non-financial incentives are found to have no effect on any form of innovation. We also find that the co-introduction of two or more stimuli increases the likelihood of innovation more than implementing stimuli in isolation. These results have important implications for management decisions in that they suggest that firms should target their creative efforts towards specific innovation outcomes.
Designing Memory Bits with Dissipation lower than the Landauer's Bound

A Brownian particle in a symmetric double well potential is used as a representation for a single bit memory, where, the location of the particle in either well denotes one of the two states of a single bit memory. This article analyzes the effect of modifications to a symmetric double well potential on the minimum heat dissipation associated with erasure of the information stored in a single bit memory. Two types of modifications are considered, viz., overlap between the two wells and the asymmetry between the two wells of a bit of memory. Moreover, the analysis presented here, takes into account the uncertainty in the success of the erasure process. We quantify the effect of the proposed modifications on the heat dissipation accompanying erasure of a bit of information with a comparison to the Landauer's bound. In particular, we conclude that the proposed modifications could result in the minimum heat dissipation being lower than the Landauer's bound in quasi-static erasure processes. Furthermore, we quantify the physical aspect ratio for designing a memory bit which could improve memory density.
Physiological performance of wheat seeds coated with micronutrients1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological performance of wheat seeds coated with micronutrients. The treatments were combinations of two products based on micronutrients, product “A”: 780.0 g.L-1 of zinc and product “B”: 182.4, 7.6 and 45.6 g.L-1 of zinc, boron and molybdenum, respectively, with five dosages of the products: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL. kg-1 seed, totaling 10 treatments with four replications. Physiological quality of the treated seed was evaluated from germination and vigor tests and the early plant growth from determinations of shoot dry weight, plant height and leaf area at 10, 20 and 30 days after emergence (DAE), as well as the rate of crop growth, relative and net assimilation. Seed yield and physiological quality were determined after harvest. It was concluded that coating wheat seeds with the product “A” , based on zinc and “B”, consisting of zinc, boron and molybdenum, respectively, up to a dosage of 4 mL.kg-1 seed, did not adversely affect the physiological quality of the treated seeds or those produced. Both products tested resulted in increases in leaf area, plant height and shoot dry weight up to 30 DAE, as well as a higher seed yield.
Cognitive realism and memory in Proust’s madeleine episode

The famous ‘madeleine episode’ of Proust’s In Search of Lost Time is investigated with reference to cognitive realism in the evocation of memory, by asking how this literary memory experience compares with the conceptualization of memory in current cognitive science. Furthermore, what does close reading of the episode informed by current scientific findings and debates on memory and agency tell us about Proust’s categorization of this memory event as involuntary memory, and his presentation of voluntary and involuntary memory as a distinct opposition? I show that the madeleine episode (1) corresponds partly to cognitive realities as documented by recent science and partly to prevalent expectations about cognition or its narration, and (2) undermines the neat voluntary/involuntary distinction it initially seems to illustrate. I suggest how these qualities may affect readers’ responses to Proust’s famously evocative object.
Laboratory Study of the Influence of Mineral Salts on Swelling (KCl, MgCl2)

Swelling and shrinkage of expansive soils occur mainly due to a change in the moisture regime and pose serious problems to foundations causing damage to structures founded on them. However, construction on this type of soil requires a good companion for the recognition of identification, characterization of their swelling potential and Treatment processing. In this work we are interested by two aspects: 1) The first is on the tests recommended for the identification of diferants expansive soils in the region of Tlemcen in the north western Algeria. 2) The second is to perform stabilization tests on remolded samples by salts (KCl Potassium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride MgCl2) with deffrants concentrations and see their influence on physic-chemical parameters and swelling. The results obtained show that stabilization by the addition of salts modifies the physico-chemical characteristics of soil and the results are quite satisfactory in significantly reducing the phenomenon of swelling, as regards the effect of salt on the swelling pressure it varies from salt to another and concentration to another.
Internal Evolution for Agent Cognition

Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) is a powerful simulation technique with applications in several fields, in particular social sciences. Arti ficial Stock Market (ASM), introduced by a group of researchers at Santa Fe Institute (SF I) in the mid 90’s, is one of the pioneering works in which the application of agentbased modeling is examined being used to model a stock market and to study economic behavior. A number of heterogeneous agents form a market in which they bu y and sell shares of a single introduced asset and they make their decision upon their expectations of the market which is determined from their aggregate expectatio ns, while they improve their predictions based on the response they get from the market. The computer simulation of the model gives a market dynamics which has similar ities with real market data. The internal evolution of agents has a direct effect on he market dynamics, and the learning speed of agents controls the overall qualitative ch aracteristics of the market. With emphasis on the role of evolution of agents in this artificial stock market, an implementation of the model has been done and a few issues have been studied.
Effect of pollens and preys on various biological parameters of the generalist mite Cydnodromus californicus

The generalist phytoseiid mite Cydnodromus californicus (McGregor) (Mesostigmata Phytoseiidae) is considered a very important biocontrol agent of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch both in greenhouses and field. Its capacity to feed alternative foods allows the increase of the population in field, even when the primary prey is not available. To investigate the effect of various alternative food substances present in the Mediterranean agroecosystems on the biological parameters of C. californicus, laboratory trials were carried out using 17 pollens and 3 preys. As it was expected, T. urticae was the best food for both the postembryonic development and the oviposition rate (100% of attained adulthoods and 2.65 eggs/female/day were laid). Good results were obtained also with pollens of Carpobrotus edulis (L.) and Scrophularia peregrina L. : on both pollens, 84% of eggs reached the adulthood and the oviposition rate was 2.00 and 1.81 eggs/female/day for the two pollens respectively. Interesting results were obtained with the alternative prey Petrobia hartii (Ewing), very common on Oxalis spp. , a weed widespread in Mediterranean orchards (72% of attained adulthoods and 0.57 eggs/female/day). On the other hand, the effect of Mentha piperita L. was not positive on the juvenile development (only 28% of eggs reached the adulthood), while it was positive on the oviposition rate (1.12 eggs/female/day).
BIOSORPTION OF PB(II) AND CO(II) ON RED ROSE WASTE BIOMASS

In the present investigation the biosorption potential of rosa gruss an teplitz (Red Rose) Waste Biomass (RRWB) for the removal of Pb(II) and Co(II) from aqueous solutions was studied. The effect of different process parameters such as pH, biosorbent dose, biosorbent size, temperature, contact time, initial metal concentration and pretreatments on the biosorption capacity of this waste biomass was studied. The results showed that the equilibrium data for both metal ions followed the Langmuir isotherm with a biosorption capacity of 112.0 and 115.9 mg/g for Pb(II) and Co(II) respectively. The overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Modification of red rose waste biomass by pretreating with different reagents significantly improved its biosorption capacity. A maximum biosorption capacity of 99.72 and 51.68 mg/g was observed for Pb(II) and Co(II) by treating the biomass with methanol and polyethyleneimine + glutraldehyde respectively. The results clearly indicated that red rose waste biomass has a potential to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
The Entrainment and Migration of Crude Oil in Sea Ice, the Use of Vegetable Oil as a Substitute, and Other Lessons from Laboratory Experiments

Understanding the interaction between oil and sea ice is essential in the development of oil spill detection and response technology in the Arctic. Laboratory experiments were performed to examine oil migration in sea ice during the cold phase and during warming, and investigate the behavior of different oils in sea ice to identify suitable substitute oils for crude oil. Vegetable oil and Troll B crude oil were injected underneath laboratory-grown sea ice with oil lenses either 1 cm or 3 cm in thickness. Results show similar behavior of vegetable oil and crude oil in sea ice both shortly after oil injection and during the warm phase. Further, results are independent of lens thickness. The implications of this result are discussed. In addition, the impact of cylindrical confinement of ice is shown on crystal and brine channel structure, and the energy balance of the tank are discussed.
Detecting threshold hydrological response through satellite soil moisture data

Summary In recent years, the modelling approach to rainfall-runoff transformation has focused on catchment emergent properties, acting as a signature of catchment hydrological response. One of these properties, observed in many catchments worldwide, is the threshold relation between soil moisture and runoff, identified as the critical point at which runoff behaviour rapidly changes. In this study, observed, modelled and satellite-derived soil moisture data are used for analyzing the runoff response of four experimental basins over Europe. Specifically, firstly the simulated and satellite soil moisture data are compared with in situ observations for assessing their reliability. Secondly, the capability of satellite data to detect the differences in the threshold-based hydrological response of the basins is investigated.