Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Principle for Fluid Flow Measurement

Fluid flow measurement is a task for which many different solutions exist. For high precision sensors the production cost is high and measurement principle is generally based on advanced theory. In this thesis a new principle of fluid flow measurement, based on the concept of a conventional rotameter, is investigated. The new principle uses a solenoid to create a magnetic field to maintain a float, placed in the flow path, at a fixed position. A model is then created to approximate the relation between fluid flow and the current in the solenoid. The principle is, in this thesis, verified as a possible method of measuring fluid flow. A number of properties and disturbances (i.e. pressure, temperature, tilt and air bubbles) are investigated as to see how they affect the measurement principle. In all cases an observable effect has been identified. Most disturbances i.e. pressure, tilt and air bubbles are assumed to be possible to avoid or remove. It is, however, found that there is a need to include a temperature compensation in the model. The new principle is seen as a promising method of measuring fluid flow with simple tools and low costs of manufacturing. There is a need to test the effect of additional parameters and disturbances to verify the reliability of the principle. (Less)
Unexpected Development of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Ni/NiO Multilayers After Mild Thermal Annealing

We report on the significant enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Ni/NiO multilayers after mild annealing up to 90 min at 250 °C. Transmission electron microscopy shows that after annealing, a partial crystallization of the initially amorphous NiO layers occurs. This turns out to be the source of the anisotropy enhancement. Magnetic measurements reveal that even multilayers with Ni layers as thick as 7 nm, which in the as-deposited state showed in-plane anisotropy with square hysteresis loops, show reduced in-plane remanence after thermal treatment. Hysteresis loops recorded with the field in the normal-to-film-plane direction provide evidence for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with up and down magnetic domains at remanence. A plot of effective uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant times individual Ni layer thickness as a function of individual Ni layer thickness shows a large change in the slope of the data attributed to a drastic change of volume anisotropy. Surface anisotropy showed a small decrease because of some layer roughening introduced by annealing.
Two-way interaction between switching arc and solid surfaces: distribution of ablated contact and nozzle materials

This paper is devoted to two-way plasma-surface interactions by investigating how the plasma arc ablates the nozzle and contacts and how the distribution of ablated materials changes the plasma parameters. For this purpose, a two-dimensional time-dependent model, in axial symmetric coordinates, for an arc at atmospheric pressure burning within a polytetrafluoroethylene nozzle is created. A computational fluid dynamics equations system is solved for plasma velocity, pressure, temperature, magnetic vector potential, and electrical potential. Radiation is modeled based on net emission coefficient and contacts, and nozzle ablation is also considered to better describe the arc formation, contact cooling, and arc temperatures, more precisely. The sublimated materials from contacts and nozzle will be used to calculate the distribution of plasma composition (i.e. ablated mixture ratio). The calculated ratio is used to change the plasma parameters, and data processing techniques are utilized to derive particle distribution and temperature profiles of the arc to investigate its thermo-electrical behavior. The simulation results show good agreement with the measurements obtained in an experimental setup already designed and published. This study provides support to the experimental work and contrariwise. The presence of ablated points on nozzle and contacts, which further modify plasma parameters and therefore the arc voltage are discussed.
Vigilance or Tolerance? Younger Speakers’ Attitudes to Australian English Usage*

Throughout the twentieth century, the teaching of English in first-language classrooms underwent a series of radical upheavals. Crystal claimed that the newest pedagogy introduced into curricula in the 1990s would lead to a decline in rates of prescriptivism among English speakers, with young Anglophones becoming tolerant of language variation and change. Through a survey of 307 Australian English speakers, this study compares linguistic judgements across age groups corresponding to different pedagogical approaches received during primary and secondary schooling. Analysis of participants’ responses demonstrates that younger speakers who received the new approach in school displayed a more nuanced understanding of linguistic rules of appropriateness than their older counterparts. They were also more aware of the social factors which inform speakers’ judgements; however, they largely remained intolerant of socially marked forms.
Statistica Sinica Preprint No : SS-2017-0211 Title Smoothing Spline Mixed-Effects Density Models for Clustered Data

We propose smoothing spline mixed-effects density models for the nonparametric estimation of density and conditional density functions with clustered data. The random effects in a density model introduce within-cluster correlation and allow us to borrow strength across clusters by shrinking cluster specific density functions to the population average, where the amount of shrinkage is decided by data. Estimation is carried out using the penalized likelihood and computed using a Markov chain Monte Carlo stochastic approximation algorithm. We derive an approximate cross-validation estimate of the aggregated Kullback-Leibler loss for the selection of smoothing parameters. The simulation study indicates that the proposed estimation method performs well. We apply our methods to investigate the evolution of hemoglobin density functions over time in response to guideline changes on anemia management for dialysis patients.
Service Composition in Cyber-Physical-Social Systems

Cyber-physical-social systems comprise physical, cyber, and social worlds with various resources as services. The operation and configuration of these services require service composition approaches that can be used to integrate essential components in these worlds, and organize and share relevant information as needed. Although the present service-oriented architecture can effectively support service composition, there still exist many challenges such as high time cost and low reliability for cyber-physical-social systems. In this paper, we propose a fast and reliable service composition approach to integrate the physical network, cyberspace, and social network. In this approach, first, skyline component computation is performed to reduce the solution space; then, the coefficient of variation is employed to filter the components with high quality of service (QoS) fluctuation and finally the best optimal components are selected by maximizing the fitness function based on users’ end-to-end QoS requirements. We applied our approach to real-world dataset and the results showed that our proposed approach has better reliability as well as lower time cost than other approaches.
Effects of Tillage System and Weed Control Method on Weed Infestation and Yield of Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

ABSTRACT A two–year experiment was carried out to determine the effects of tillage (heap and level, hoe plough and herbicide-based zero tillage) and weed control methods (no weeding, hoe weeding at 25 days after transplanting (DAT), hoe weeding at 25 and 45 DAT, application of post-emergence herbicide propanil plus 2,4-D (Orizo Plus, Proficol Calle, Baranquilla, Colombia) at 25 DAT followed by hoe weeding at 45 DAT, and Orizo Plus® at 25 and 45 DAT) on weed infestation and performance of lowland rice in Badeggi, Nigeria. Reduced weed density and biomass, taller rice plants, and higher panicle and paddy yield were recorded in most heap and level treatments. Two hoe weedings only and Orizo Plus® at 25 DAT followed by one hoe weeding resulted in significantly lower weed density and biomass, more panicles and significantly higher paddy yield. Hoe plough in combination with two hoe weedings had the lowest weed density. Zero tillage planting in combination with two hoe weedings produced weed biomass comparable to heap and level in combination with the application of Orizo Plus® at 25 DAT followed by one hoe weeding. These results suggest that hoe plough followed by hoe weeding at 25 and 45 DAT, or heap and level tillage followed by application of Orizo Plus® at 25 DAT and hoe weeding at 45 DAT effectively controlled weeds and increased plant height, panicle number and paddy yield of transplanted rice.
Magnetic field and ion-optical simulations for the optimization of the Super-FRS

The growing demand in the field of discovering and investigating exotic nuclei by means of fragment separators yields challenging restrictions on future facilities. The main task of a fragment separator is the in-flight separation of many different species of nuclides, produced with an ion beam on a target. To achieve the best resolution and capture of rare nuclei, maximal beam illumination of the apertures of the ion-optical elements is required. Many fragment separators have a wide operation range of the magnetic rigidity Brho. Moreover, frequent changes of Brho are required during experiments. Often magnets are operated in the saturation region of the iron yokes, leading to local changes of the magnetic field (B-field) distributions and the corresponding particle trajectories. In such cases it is important to have a fast ion-optical model with good predictability, which considers the real field distributions and the saturation. This thesis describes the development of a general approach to provide a fast and accurate ion-optical model (Taylor transfer map) of large aperture magnets starting from simulated or measured 3D B-field distributions. To produce highly accurate transfer map, a B-field has to be represented by 3D polynomials. It is crucial that the whole transversal aperture is described by a single polynomial, whereas many polynomials might be used in the longitudinal direction. High non-uniformity of the B-field makes this problem more complicated, especially for the regions near the pole shoe ends. The problem was solved by means of a combination of the Surface Integration Helmholtz Method (SIHM) and the Least Squares (LS) method. The approach was extended further for obtaining the B-field polynomial representation dependent on both: the coordinates and the excitation current. This representation allows to produce Brho dependent transfer maps, which can be useful for the optimization of the separator settings for different experiments. The method was tested using the analytical field model, based on a configuration of thin wires and a Biot-Savart law, resulting in a high stability against the errors in the input B-field. The rigidity dependent transfer maps were generated for the normal conducting dipole of the Super-FRS preseparator. The ion-optical study of the preseparator in the separator as well as in the spectrometer modes were conducted.
Advantage of Intercropping Roselle with Common Bean over Sole Cropping in Ethiopia

This experiment was conducted in Ethiopia, during 2017/2018 dry season to determine the of roselle-common bean advantage over sole cropping through competition indices. The experiment was carried out in a RCBD with a 2x4 factorial arrangement and replicated three times having 11 treatments (sole cropping of two roselle varieties (Hibiscus-Sudan and Hibiscus-Jamaica) and a common bean variety (Ibbado) and intercropping of the roselle varieties with four common bean planting densities combinations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%)). Data analysis was done using SAS software version 9.3 and the differences between means were assessed using Duncan`s Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level. Partial land equivalent ratio (LER) analysis showed that there was no significant difference between two roselle varieties while partial LER of common was significantly higher when intercropped with Hibiscus-Sudan (0.51) than with Hibiscus-Jamaica (0.38). Both roselle varieties and common bean planting density did not influence total LER and monetary advantage index (MAI). However, intercropping Hibiscus-Sudan variety resulted higher yield advantage (35%) and monetary advantage (17,946 ETB) and combination of common bean with roselle at 100% planting density resulted 39% yield advantage and 21,410 ETB. Therefore, we recommend combination of Hibiscus-Sudan and 100% planting density of common bean for growers in the same agroecology with the study area for better yield and economic advantage. Keywords: Competition indices, intercropping mixture, LER DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-12-02 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
Identifikasi Kandungan Bahan Kimia Obat (Paracetamol dan Prednison) dalam Kandungan Jamu Rematik GI dan MT di Pekalongan

Jamu rematik merupakan salah satu jamu yang sering ditambahkanbahan kimia obat. Bahan kimia obat yang biasa ditambahkandiantaranya obat golongan kortikosteroid (deksametason,fenilbutason dan prednison), golongan asamurat (Allupurinol) dangolongan antipiretik (Paracetamol, Antalgin, Ibuprofen). Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi kandungan Bahan Kimia Obatparacetamol dan prednison pada 2 sampel jamu rematik GI dan MTyang beredar di Pekalongan. Penelitianini dilakukan dengan ujikualitatif pada 2 sampel jamu rematik yang beredar di Pekalongan,sampel jamu rematik yang digunakan tidak memiliki izin edar. Ujisampel jamu meliputi uji organoleptis, uji mikroskopik dan uji KLT,menggunakan pembanding Bahan Kimia Obat (BKO) prednison danparacetamol. Hasil uji organoleptis menyatakan bahwa sampelmemilki bentuk sediaan kaspul, warna bervariasi dari yangterkumpul. Dari hasil uji mikroskopik menunjukan terdapat fragmenfragmensimplisiayang sesuai dengan komposisi yang tertera padakemasan, akan tetapi kristal yang serupa bahan kimia obat tidakdapat terdeteksi. Uji penegasan dilakukan menggunakan ujiKromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), Sampel GI positif mengandungBahan Kimia obat (BKO) Prednison dan tidak MT positifmengandung Bahan Kimia Obat (BKO) prednison dan paracetamol.
Efecto del contenido de colesterol y disponibilidad de mevalonato sobre la expresión de proteinas g

Para ver los efectos de las variaciones en el contenido de colesterol celular y mevalonato sobre la expresion de la proteina Ras y dimero Betagamma en celulas GH4C1, incubamos estas celulas por diferentes periodos de tiempo en suero libre de lipoproteinas, LPDS (situacion de alta sintesis de mevalonato), LPDS suplementado con 25 HC y colesterol (baja sintesis de mevalonato) con y sin mevalonato, y determinamos la cantidad de ras en la fraccion en membranas o en el homogenado total. La presencia de mevalonato es requerido imprescindible para que Ras se procese y se ancle a la membrana plasmatica. De hecho, el aumento del mevalonato produjo un aumento de la localizacion de Ras en la membrana y su disminucion la redujo. Este efecto parece estar relacionado con la disponibilidad de restos farnesilos. Ademas del conocido papel del mevalonato en el anclaje Ras en la membrana plasmatica, hemos encontrado que, al menos en nuestras celulas, el mevalonato tambien regula la expresion de Ras, dado que tanto el mRNA de ras como los niveles de proteina se inhiben en funcion la dosis de mevalonato. El colesterol tambien disminuyo de forma paralela los niveles de Ras, y los de su mensajerjo de forma dependiente del tiempo. La adicion de mevalonato no modifico el fecto del colesterol, aunque lo adelanto en el tiempo, lo que parece indicar que el colesterol actua por un mecanismo similar al mevalonato, gracias a su capacidad de modificar la cantidad y el metabolismo del mismo. Nuestros datos parecen indicar que la expresion de Ras se inhibe por la acumulacion de algun derivado no esteroideo del mevalonato. En primer lugar, la expresion de Ras disminuyo tanto si se aumenta la sintesis endogena de mevalonato (celulas en presencia de LPDS) como si se aumenta la proporcion de mevalonato que acumula productos no esteroideos (adicion de colesterol y 25-hidroxicolesterol). Por otra parte, la supresion total de la sintes
Neo-Cartesian unified fluid and field theory: from Klein-Gordon equation to de Broglie’s Lorentz invariant mechanics

A unified fluid and field theory containing all forces as special cases postulates that primordial fluid is formed by discrete, 3D-extended energy-like sagions obeying usual energy-momentum conservation laws. Contrary to Newtonian mechanics, mass and force are not primitive notions (hence, “Cartesian”), but the theory is atomistic (hence “neo”). Collective fluid behaviour obeys the homogeneous Klein-Gordon equation, or homogeneous 3D-wave equation, which besides usual harmonic periodic solutions has three families of quantized, Galilean-Lorentz isomorph, nonperiodic solutions discovered around 1995. Here, quantum mechanics is relativistic ab initio thus ensuring consistency with Einstein’s general theory of relativity, which is extended to include effects upon gravity of chemical and nuclear composition, as indeed observed by Eötvös (1890s), and Majorana (1919). Planck constant is identified with the bit of minimum angular momentum in sagion-sagion interactions, thus introducing quantum features at the root of classical mechanics. Acceleration produced by successive pushes of a small projectile (say, a sagion, disagion, trisagion, 4-sagion) leads to a curve resembling Einstein’s mass increase. This reinterprets one aspect of the restricted theory of relativity: rather than mass increase, Bertozzi experiment demonstrates inefficient transfer of linear momentum. The lower branch in our background universal acceleration curve is associated to static friction.
Americas Conference on Information Systems AMCIS2013 Chicago Multidimensional Charts Research-in-Progress

This work presents a new visual representation of multidimensional data and compares its usefulness in terms of effectiveness and efficiency with tabular representations. This idea makes two important contributions. First, it shows the feasibility of representing multidimensional data in 2D and 3D charts that are understandable by humans. Second, it builds on the theory of cognitive fit by testing the appropriateness of graphical representations to convey information of complex problems. In particular, it shows multidimensional data representation that has not been tested, perhaps due to the lack of a suitable graphical representation. The charts proposed are better representations of information stored in data warehouses than those provided by data cubes. The proposed format can be used to represent fuzzy variables, and are suitable for implementation in dashboards.
The Electron Impact Ionization Cross Sections of Methanol, Ethanol and 1-Propanol

In the present investigation, the plane-wave Born approximation was employed to calculate the total ionization cross sections by electron impact of methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol from the threshold of ionization to 10 MeV. This method requires continuum generalized oscillator strengths (CGOSs). The two different semi-phenomenological expressions of CGOS, given by Mayol and Salvat and Weizsacker and Williams, along with approximated form of the continuum optical oscillator strength (COOS) by Khare et al. were used. Furthermore, the average of the above two CGOSs was also used. The calculated ionization cross sections were compared to the available previous theoretical results and experimental data. Out of three CGOSs, the present results with the average CGOS were found in good agreement with the available experimental results for all the considered molecules. Collision parameters CRP were also calculated from 0.1 to 100 MeV and the calculations were found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results of Reike and Prepejchal.
A Summary of Recent Literature (2007–2017) on Neurobiological Effects of Radio Frequency Radiation

Neurological effects are caused by changes in the nervous system. Factors that act directly or indirectly on the nervous system causing morphological, chemical, or electrical changes in the nervous system can lead to neurological effects. The final manifestation of these effects can be seen as psychological/behavioral changes, e.g., memory, learning, and perception. The nervous system is an electrical organ. Thus, it should not be surprising that exposure to electromagnetic fields could lead to neurological changes. Morphological, chemical, electrical, and behavioral changes have been reported in animals and cells after exposure to nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) across a range of frequencies. The consequences of physiological changes in the nervous system are very difficult to assess. We don’t quite understand how the nervous system functions and reacts to external perturbations. The highly flexible nervous system could easily compensate for external disturbances. On the other hand, the consequence of neural perturbation is also situation-dependent. For example, an EMF-induced change in brain electrical activity could lead to different consequences depending on whether a person is watching TV or driving a car.
High fusion performance in Super H-mode experiments on Alcator C-Mod and DIII-D

The ‘Super H-Mode’ regime is predicted to enable pedestal height and fusion performance substantially higher than standard H-Mode operation. This regime exists due to a bifurcation of the pedestal pressure, as a function of density, that is predicted by the EPED model to occur in strongly shaped plasmas above a critical pedestal density. Experiments on Alcator C-Mod and DIII-D have achieved access to the Super H-Mode (and Near Super H) regime, and obtained very high pedestal pressure, including the highest achieved on a tokamak (p ped ~ 80 kPa) in C-Mod experiments operating near the ITER magnetic field. DIII-D Super H experiments have demonstrated strong performance, including the highest stored energy in the present configuration of DIII-D (W ~ 2.2–3.2 MJ), while utilizing only about half of the available heating power (Pheat ~ 7–12 MW). These DIII-D experiments have obtained the highest value of peak fusion gain, QDT,equiv ~ 0.5, achieved on a medium scale (R < 2 m) tokamak. Sustained high performance operation (βN ~ 2.9, H98 ~ 1.6) has been achieved utilizing n = 3 magnetic perturbations for density and impurity control. Pedestal and global confinement has been maintained in the presence of deuterium and nitrogen gas puffing, which enables a more radiative divertor condition. A pair of simple performance metrics is developed to assess and compare regimes. Super H-Mode access is predicted for ITER and expected, based on both theoretical prediction and observed normalized performance, to allow ITER to achieve its goals (Q = 10) at Ip < 15 MA, and to potentially enable more compact, cost effective pilot plant and reactor designs.
Adapting Reference Vectors and Scalarizing Functions by Growing Neural Gas to Handle Irregular Pareto Fronts

The performance of decomposition-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) often deteriorates clearly when solving multiobjective optimization problems with irregular Pareto fronts (PFs). The main reason is the improper settings of reference vectors and scalarizing functions. In this paper, we propose a decomposition-based MOEA guided by a growing neural gas network, which learns the topological structure of the PF. Both reference vectors and scalarizing functions are adapted based on the topological structure to enhance the evolutionary algorithm’s search ability. The proposed algorithm is compared with eight state-of-the-art optimizers on 34 test problems. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is competitive in handling irregular PFs.