Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In fl uences of the Kuroshio on Interisland Remote Connectivity of Corals Across the Nansei Archipelago in the East China Sea

For the preservation and protection of coral habitats along the Nansei Archipelago in the East China Sea, a submesoscale eddy-resolving synoptic ocean model was developed based on the Regional Oceanic Modeling System coupled with a 3-D Lagrangian particle tracking model. Millions of neutrally buoyant particles representing coral spawn and larvae were released from 19 major islands and one lagoon every spring from 2012 to 2015. The model results were compared to satellite data, in situ observation, and surface drifters to confirm reasonable agreement. The connectivity matrix across the archipelago was quantified using Lagrangian probability density functions of the modeled particle displacement. Most particles remained near the release areas, while some traveled long distances by the northeastward drifting Kuroshio, leading to notable interisland coral transport across the archipelago that promotes interisland connectivity. A possible mechanism was examined by analyzing the transition from coastal to pelagic transport of the particles released from the Yaeyama Islands, the southernmost area of the archipelago. The Kuroshio trapped the particles released from the northern coast of the islands with considerable temporal variability in the entrainment rate. By contrast, particles released from the southern coast are markedly affected by the eastward current around the release sites, which significantly reduces their entrainment in the Kuroshio and, thus, long-distance transport. Some entrained particles were expelled abruptly from the Kuroshio, trapped by the southwestward drifting Kuroshio Counter Current developed between the Kuroshio and the archipelago, and subsequently transported eastward to the islands. Plain Language Summary For the preservation and protection of coral habitats along the Nansei Archipelago in the East China Sea, we conducted 3-D tracking of particles mimicking coral spawn and larvae released from shallow seas around the islands across the Nansei Archipelago, based on a numerical 3-D ocean circulation model, Regional Oceanic Modeling System. Although the released corals were mostly transported short distances and settled down near the release sites, a moderate amount was entrained in the northeastward drifting Kuroshio Current developed in ~150 km west of the islands. The entrained particles could be conveyed northeastward for ~1,000 km, leading to interisland population connections. However, the entrainment rate largely depended on locations of the releases and variability in local oceanic currents upon the releases. Furthermore, some entrained particles were expelled abruptly from the Kuroshio, trapped by the southwestward drifting Kuroshio Counter Current developed between the Kuroshio and the archipelago, and subsequently transported eastward to the islands. These findings can be directly utilized in policy-making for the effective design management of marine protected areas.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus 271 Consumption of live lactic acid bacteria

Consumption of live lactic acid bacteria (LAB), included in fermented foods, has been a regular part of the human food intake for a long time. In fact, there are archaeological signs that humankind has used this technique from the beginning of time; it was presumably invented 1.5 million years ago by the early humanoids (Leakey 1993; Leakey 1995). Thus, humans have in this way consumed large numbers of live LAB throughout their entire history.
Land Cover Influences on Stream Nitrogen Dynamics During Storms

Previous studies on the effects of land cover influence on stream nitrogen have focused on base flow conditions or were conducted specifically within urbanized or primarily agricultural watersheds. While these studies have shown relationships between land cover and nitrogen, this relationship and the scale of influence could change during storms. The purpose of my study was to understand how land cover influences nitrogen in streams during storms. This was address using nine watersheds within the Little Tennessee Basin in North Carolina. While this basin is primarily forested, the nine watersheds have mixed agricultural, built, and forest land cover. Land cover influences were addressed through nitrogen concentration/discharge patterns, nitrogen concentration relationship to land cover, and comparison of storm and base flow nitrogen concentrations over time. Weekly base flow samples and samples from six storm were collected in 2010-2011. Total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), nitrate (NO3 ), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ammonium (NH4 + ) concentrations were compared among sites. During most storms, DON peaked before the peak of the discharge while NO3 peaked after the peak of the storm. This suggest that DON could be coming from a near stream source or surface runoff while NO3 could be from longer pathways such as subsurface flow or from sources further away on the watershed. NO3 concentration varied among sites, while DON concentration varied more between base flow and storm samples. Examining the different landscape scales from 200-m local corridor, 200-m stream corridor, and entire watershed, watershed land cover was the best predictor for all the nitrogen concentrations. Agricultural and built combined best predicted TDN and NO3 , while agricultural land cover was a better predictor of DON. For storms, nitrogen concentrations did not show seasonal patterns but was more related to discharge. Nitrogen concentration increased with discharge during storms and the more intense and longer storms had higher TDN and NO3 concentrations. However, conflicting seasonal trends were seen in monthly base flow. The more forested watersheds had high NO3 during the summer and low NO3 in the winter. For sites with higher NO3 , the
Exercising skeletal muscle blood flow in humans responds to reduction in arterial oxyhaemoglobin, but not to altered free oxygen

1 We hypothesised that reducing arterial oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hba) with carbon monoxide (CO) in both normoxia and hyperoxia, or acute hypoxia would cause similar compensatory increases in human skeletal muscle blood flow and vascular conductance during submaximal exercise, despite vast differences in arterial free oxygen partial pressure (Pa,O2). 2 Seven healthy males completed four 5 min one‐legged knee‐extensor exercise bouts in the semi‐supine position (30 ± 3 W, mean ± S.E.M.), separated by ≈1 h of rest, under the following conditions: (a) normoxia (O2Hba= 195 ml l−1; Pa,O2= 105 mmHg); (b) hypoxia (163 ml l−1; 47 mmHg); (c) CO + normoxia (18% COHba; 159 ml l−1; 119 mmHg); and (d) CO + hyperoxia (19% COHba; 158 ml l−1; 538 mmHg). 3 CO + normoxia, CO + hyperoxia and systemic hypoxia resulted in a 29‐44% higher leg blood flow and leg vascular conductance compared to normoxia (P < 0.05), without altering blood pH, blood acid‐base balance or net leg lactate release. 4 Leg blood flow and leg vascular conductance increased in association with reduced O2Hba(r2= 0.92‐0.95; P < 0.05), yet were unrelated to altered Pa,O2. This association was further substantiated in two subsequent studies with graded increases in COHba(n = 4) and NO synthase blockade (n = 2) in the presence of normal Pa,O2. 5 The elevated leg blood flow with CO + normoxia and CO + hyperoxia allowed a ≈17% greater O2 delivery (P < 0.05) to exercising muscles, compensating for the lower leg O2 extraction (61%) compared to normoxia and hypoxia (69%; P < 0.05), and thereby maintaining leg oxygen uptake constant. 6 The compensatory increases in skeletal muscle blood flow and vascular conductance during exercise with both a CO load and systemic hypoxia are independent of pronounced alterations in Pa,O2 (47‐538 mmHg), but are closely associated with reductions in O2Hba. These results suggest a pivotal role of O2 bound to haemoglobin in increasing skeletal muscle vasodilatation during exercise in humans.
Power System Transmission Line Overload Alleviation Using SEN Transformer

Power system transmission lines are becoming more heavily loaded and this affects system security and stability. Power flow control is essential to ensure preserving lines loading security, mange the congestion of power system, alleviate line overload, and semi-equally utilize the available transmission lines as far as possible. Series connected Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers help in redistributing transmission lines power flow. Among FACTS controllers, the unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the most versatile but it′s high installation and operational cost has limited it′s spread. As compared to UPFC, the newer FACTS controller SEN transformer (ST) is attractive due to its low cost and good operational characteristics. In this paper, an ST model is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK and used for alleviation of transmission line overload in a single element outage contingency case. A four bus power system is used to demonstrate the validity of the work. The simulation results show the validity of ST in maintaining system power flow security. Index Terms – Components outage contingency, Overload alleviation, Power flow control, ST, UPFC.
Actigraphic Sleep Pattern of Preschoolers With ADHD

Objective: To assess the features of sleep in preschoolers with ADHD by means of questionnaire and actigraphy. Method: Twenty-five ADHD and 21 age-matched typically developing (TD) preschool children underwent the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for ages 1½ to 5 and Pre-School-Age Psychiatric Assessment interview. Sleep was assessed by means of a modified Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and wrist actigraphy for at least 5 days. Results: Children with ADHD, compared with TD, showed higher scores in CBCL Withdrawal (58.83 vs. 51.15, p < .0001), Attention Problems (69.88 vs. 51.54, p < .0001), and Aggressive Behavior (59.46 vs. 51.08, p < .0001) dimensions; they also showed increased actigraphic nocturnal activity (activity index 31.57 vs. 25.74, p < .05); and night-to-night variability for sleep minutes (56.44 vs. 32.79, p < .01), mean wake episodes (1.34 vs. 0.98, p < .05), mean activity (2.64 vs. 1.71, p < .05), and activity index (5.15 vs. 3.77, p < .05). Conclusion: This pilot study in preschoolers with ADHD showed increased motor activity during sleep and night-to-night variability for sleep duration and motor activity.
Implementation of School and Community Relationship Techniques (A Case Study in SDN Karangbesuki 2 Malang, Indonesia)

This study aims to describe the application of techniques for establishing school and community relations. This research method is a qualitative, phenomenological approach, through a case study design at SDN Karangbesuki 2 Malang. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interview techniques, participant observation, and documentation studies. To obtain research results using a single case analysis technique. Checking the validity of the data using triangulation, checking members, observing persistence, and the adequacy of reference materials. The results of the study are, the techniques used in establishing relationships with the community are the technique of group meetings, faceto-face techniques, correspondence, reports to parents, uniforms, and home visits. Keywords— implementation, relationship techniques, school,
TXEN-2017-0256 Revised In Vitro Studies with Two Human Organic Anion Transporters : OAT 2 and OAT 7

To cite this article: Sumathy Mathialagan, Chester Costales, Laurie Tylaska, Emi Kimoto, Anna Vildhede, Jillian Johnson, Nathaniel Johnson, Takami Sarashina, Kenta Hashizume, Caleb D. Isringhausen, Lydia M. M. Vermeer, Andrea R. Wolff & A. David Rodrigues (2017): In Vitro Studies with Two Human Organic Anion Transporters: OAT2 and OAT7, Xenobiotica, DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017. 1384595 To link to this article: http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/00498254.2017. 1384595
To evaluate the effectiveness in root canal disinfection of three rotary file systems: An in-vitro study

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness in root canal disinfection in canals, infected with Enterococcus faecalis by using Pro Taper, Mtwo and Neoendo Flex rotary file systems. Methods and Material: The sample size consisted of 45 distobuccal roots of maxillary molars. The canals were sterilized and bio mechanically prepared to ISO #20 and later infected with an inoculation of a culture of E. faecalis. After the incubation period samples were collected from these canals and counted for CFUs. According to the type of file systems used, the samples were divided into three groups (n=15). Three roots were left uncontaminated and uninstrumented which served as the control to demonstrate the sterility of the canal after sterilization. After instrumentation, the bacterial samples were again collected from the roots and evaluated for CFU count. Statistical analysis: The data obtained from the three groups was statistically evaluated by using one way ANOVA test. Results: All of three groups demonstrated an efficient mean reduction in CFU. Mtwo system produced a 76.68% decrease in CFUs, Pro Taper system 70.56% and the Neoendo Flex system produced a decrease of 68.83% in E. faecalis count. Mtwo showed higher percentage reduction than Pro Taper and Neoendo Flex. The difference between Mtwo, Pro Taper and Neoendo Flex was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: All the three systems included in the study showed a significant reduction in the number of bacteria in mechanical disinfection of root canals after instrumentation.
Arrangers ’ Identity and the Syndicate Structure of Sukuk ( Identiti Pengatur dan Struktur Sindiket Sukuk )

The participation of multiple banks and financial institutions in a sukuk (Islamic bonds) issuance reflects a successful process of negotiation of contract terms between the issuer, lead arranger, and other financial institutions. Conventional finance literature suggests that certain banks or non-bank institutions possess unique characteristics that give them a competitive advantage in screening and monitoring debt contracts. Whether or not their uniqueness contributes to the structure of sukuk syndicate is still an empirical question. Therefore, this paper examines the relation between arranger identity and the structure of sukuk syndicate for a sample of 3,462 sukuk tranches. Results of multiple Poisson regressions indicate the certification effect of arrangers where more reputable banks are associated with a larger syndicate size (the number of participant financial institutions). Non-bank institutions are also positively related to the size of syndicate, and this relation is more pronounced for private firms. This implies that such institutions are gaining specialization in screening and monitoring risky contracts. Further, Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) play a limited role in sukuk syndication. One promising avenue for IFIs to build their capacity to assume the role of lead arranger, as the results suggest, is to actively engage reputable conventional banks and non-bank institutions in their syndicated financing activities.
A Comparison of New Factor Models in the Korean Stock Market

We compare empirical performance of the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model, the Hou, Xue, and Zhang (2014) q-factor model, and their variations in the Korean stock market. Among the models considered, we show that the adjusted five-factor model, which includes the quarterly-based profitability factor instead of the yearly-based one, best explains the size, value, investment, and profitability sorted portfolio returns. The adjusted five-factor model outperforms the other factor models in digesting various anomalies in the Korean market. JEL classification: G12
Emittance preservation in TESLA

The main approaches to the emittance preservation in TeV Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator ( TESLA) are given. The study includes the beam emittance dilution in main linac caused by static misalignments of the machine components and uncontroled injection jitter. The corresponding correction procedure contsists of particle autophasing, non-dispersive beam bumps and beam based alignment technique to control the emittance dilution is presented.
Testing accelerated algorithms in the lattice CP3 model.

We present a comparison of the multigrid Monte Carlo algorithm with piecewise-linear interpolation operator with a microcanonical overrelaxation algorithm for the two-dimensional lattice ${\mathrm{CP}}^{3}$ model. For the overrelaxation algorithm we obtain a dynamical critical experiment ${z}_{or}=1.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ as compared with ${z}_{\mathrm{MGMC}}=0.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ for our multigrid implementation. Asymptotic scaling with the bare coupling does not appear to set in for the standard action in the range of parameters studied.
Understanding driver adoption of car navigation systems using the extended technology acceptance model

This study proposes an integrated research model for investigating driver adoption of car navigation systems. We consider the potential causal connections between core cognitive and psychological factors and driver intention to use these systems. We extracted possible factors that may significantly affect the perceived usability of car navigation systems from in-depth interviews with two groups of individuals: an expert group and a driver group. Data collected from N = 1045 drivers via an online survey were analysed by structural equation modelling. The results showed that the service & display quality components of the systems were the most significant determinants of driver attitude and intention to use car navigation systems. Two other factors, namely attitude and perceived usefulness, also had impacts on driver intention. Moreover, both satisfaction and service & display quality were affected by perceived system reliability, while usefulness was affected by both perceived locational accuracy and satisfaction. Satisfaction also significantly affected perceived ease of use. In addition, we introduced new external variables to the technology acceptance model (TAM) and validated the causal connections proposed by the original TAM. The present study provides valuable insights into the core factors that significantly affect driver perspectives of and intention to use car navigation systems.
Generalizations of the Riemann Integral : An Investigation of the Henstock Integral

The Henstock integral, a generalization of the Riemann integral that makes use of the δ-fine tagged partition, is studied. We first consider Lebesgue’s Criterion for Riemann Integrability, which states that a function is Riemann integrable if and only if it is bounded and continuous almost everywhere, before investigating several theoretical shortcomings of the Riemann integral. Despite the inverse relationship between integration and differentiation given by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we find that not every derivative is Riemann integrable. We also find that the strong condition of uniform convergence must be applied to guarantee that the limit of a sequence of Riemann integrable functions remains integrable. However, by slightly altering the way that tagged partitions are formed, we are able to construct a definition for the integral that allows for the integration of a much wider class of functions. We investigate several properties of this generalized Riemann integral. We also demonstrate that every derivative is Henstock integrable, and that the much looser requirements of the Monotone Convergence Theorem guarantee that the limit of a sequence of Henstock integrable functions is integrable. This paper is written without the use of Lebesgue measure theory.
Analysis of cellular fatty acids and phenotypic re I at i o ns h i p s of A grobacterium , Bradyrhizobium , Mesorhizobium , Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium species using the Sherlock Microbial Identification System 5

Previous studies have demonstrated tha t cellular fa t ty acid analysis is a useful tool for identi fying unknown strains of rhizobia and establishing taxonomic relationships between the species. In this study, the fa t ty acid profi les of over 600 strains belonging to the genera Agrobacterium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium were evaluated using the gaschromatography-based Sherlock Microbial Identif ication System (MIS). Data collected with the M I S showed tha t the three phylogenetically defined biovars of the genus Agrobacterium formed discrete clusters, whilst species belonging to the genus Mesorhizobium formed three subclusters which were easily distinguished. These three subclusters contained Mesorhizobium ciceri and Mesorhizobium mediterraneum, Mesorhizobium tianshanense f a t t y acid group I and Mesorhizobium plurifarium, and Mesorhizobium huakuii and Mesorhizobium loti. The genus Sinorhizobium was composed of an individual posit ion for Sinorhizobium meliloti and a large cluster comprising Sinorhizobium fredii, Sinorhizobium sahelí, Sinorhizobium íerangae, Sinorhizobium kostiense and Sinorhizobium arboris. S. meliloti contained significantly higher levels of the fa t ty acid 19:0 cyclo w8cis and clustered with Rhizobium sp. (Hedysarum coronarium). However, discrimination between the species of genera Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium was a function of the concentration of 16:O 3-OH. The genus Rhizobium contained a single cluster containing Rhizobium sp. (Hedysarum coronarium), Rhizobium gallicum. Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium etli, along with individual positions for Rhizobium giardinii, Rhizobium tropici, Rhizobium galegae and Rhizobium hainanense. R. tropici and R. hainanense exhibited similarity to Agrobacterium biovar 2, whi lst R. galegae was similar to Agrobacíerium biovar I . R. giardinii appeared unique, with comparatively l i t t le similarity to the other species. Analysis of the genus Bradyrhizobium revealed large differences from the other genera studied. Two subgroups of Bradyrhizobium elkanii were detected and easily distinguished from Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Bradyrhizobium liaoningense and Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis hypogaea), a group isolated from Chinese peanut plants, showed similarities to B.japonicum, whi lst a subgroup of M. tianshanense appeared identical to Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis hypogaea). I
Efficient Market Managers

We examine the effect of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) on the investment behavior of mutual fund managers. We show that managers who are more likely to be exposed to the ideas of EMH throughout their higher education are more “passive” than their unexposed peers: they are more likely to manage index funds, and when managing active funds, they hold portfolios with larger numbers of stocks and deviate less from their investment benchmarks. Exposed managers, however, take more systematic risks. Although academic exposure to the EMH does not result in better performance, it helps professional investors generate capital inflows.