Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histological study of the effect of leflunomide on fundic mucosa of Adult male albino rat and the possible alleviating effect of L-arginin e

Leflunomide is a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. This study aimed to investigate the histological effect of leflunomide on the fundic gastric mucosa of adult male albino rat and the possible ameliorative role of the non-essential amino acid l-arginine. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided randomly into four main groups, group I (control group), group II treated with leflunomide, group III received the L-arginine and group IV received the leflunomide and the l-arginine concomitantly. The four groups were subdivided into two subgroups; the first received the drugs for two weeks and the second received the drugs for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed; the fundic mucosa was dissected out and processed for light and electron microscopic study. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Mallory trichrome and immunohistochemically for PCNA antibody. Leflunomide treated (group II) showed sloughing and desquamation of epithelial cells, superficial ulceration, and inflammatory cellular infiltration. Electron microscopic examination revealed absence of apical microvilli and coalescence of secretory granules. L-arginine ameliorated to some extent the histological changes occurred by leflunomide. It can be concluded that leflunomide exerts some histological changes on fundic gastric mucosa and co-administration of l-arginine had ameliorating effects on the histological changes.
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Fish from Dobrudja Aquaculture Farm

In this study, the influence of pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen on the heavy metals distribution in fishtissue were studied. The bioaccumulation factors of fish tissues were calculated. The heavy metalsbioaccumulation was compared in gills, scales, livers, tissue for all the selected fish species: carp (Cyprinuscarpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys moilitrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella). The samples were taken during 2008, in April and October from aquaculturefarm, Sarinasuf. The samples are: water, fish muscle tissue, scales, gill and liver. From the morpho - anatomicalfish parts, the heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Zn) concentrations in the wet samples were measured. For thewater samples, the pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and the heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Zn) concentrationswere measured. The lowest bioaccumulation factor was computed for cadmium and the highest, for zinc.The maximum concentration of heavy metals was found in scales.Key words: heavy metals, bioaccumulation, fish, water
Common Adverse Effects Due to Self-Medication

Background: There is no device or organ of the body is protected from adverse effect of medications. However, the skin, the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system and circulatory system are the most vulnerable to adverse effects that are diagnosed. People use medicines for prevention, cure, diagnosis and management of diseases. Objective: This study was carried out to identify the adverse effects of drugs used by the respondents and symptoms as well as the reason of self-medication. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Ajman from March to June 2015. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Results: Commonly used drugs were analgesic drugs. Common reported illnesses were pain and respiratory symptoms. Saving time and money, previously resolved complains were the top two reported factors for self-medication. The adverse effects reported with self-medication were vomiting, nausea and diarrhea. The majority of students stops taking drugs and consulted the doctor or pharmacist when adverse effect occurred. Conclusion: Medical professionals are required to report all adverse effects related to a specific form of therapy. Without consulting doctor - side effects can worsen when you stop taking the drugs. Little is known about the relation of adverse effects to self-use of medication. KEY WORDS: self-medication; medicines; adverse effects
Disease Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular

Objective: It has been shown that Ang-(1-7) has cardioprotective actions. To directly investigate the effects of Ang-(1-7) specifically in the heart, we generated and characterized transgenic (TG) rats which express an Ang-(1-7)-producing fusion protein driven by the a-MHC promoter. Methods and Results: After microinjection of the transgene into fertilized rat zygotes, we obtained four different transgenic lines. Homozygous animals were analyzed with regard to the expression profile of the transgene by ribonuclease protection assay. Transgene expression was detected mainly in the heart with weak or no expression in other organs. Heterozygous TG(hA-1-7)L7301 rats presented a significant increase in cardiac Ang-(1-7) concentration compared with control rats (17.1±2.1 versus 3.9±1.4 pg/mg protein in SD rats). Radiotelemetry analysis revealed that TG rats presented no significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate compared with normal rats. Overexpression of Ang-(1-7) in the heart produced slight improvement in resting cardiac function (+ dT/dt: 81530±1305.0 versus 77470±345.5 g/s bpm in SD rats, p< 0.05), which was in keeping with the enhanced [Ca] handling observed in cardiomyocytes of TG rats. TG(hA-1-7)L7301 rats also showed a greater capacity to withstand stress since TG rats showed a less pronounced deposition of collagen type III and fibronectin induced by isoproterenol treatment in the subendocardial area than in corresponding controls. In addition, hearts from TG rats showed reduced incidence and duration of reperfusion arrhythmias in comparison with SD rats. Conclusion: These results indicate that Ang-(1-7) has blood pressure-independent, antifibrotic effects, acting directly in the heart.
coli Sequence Type 131 of the O 16 Subgroup within Escherichia Epidemiology , and Experimental Virulence Rapid and Specific Detection , Molecular

Published Ahead of Print 5 February 2014. 10.1128/JCM.03502-13. 2014, 52(5):1358. DOI: J. Clin. Microbiol. Adam F. Junka, Beata Maczynska and Erick Denamur Sokurenko, Connie Clabots, Veronika Tchesnokova, Evgeni James R. Johnson, Olivier Clermont, Brian Johnston, coli Sequence Type 131 of the O16 Subgroup within Escherichia Epidemiology, and Experimental Virulence Rapid and Specific Detection, Molecular
and Stanislas Pol withdrawal Hepatitis B virus treatment beyond the guidelines : special populations and consideration of treatment

The goal of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment is to improve survival by preventing disease progression to decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma which is the cause of over 1 million deaths annually. The risk of disease progression is reduced when a sustained reduction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA to undetectable levels and suppression of HBV replication are obtained which can result in regression of liver fibrosis and may even reverse cirrhosis. However, even if HBsAg loss occurs, HBV is not completely eradicated by treatment, and long-term therapy is required in patients who are HBeAg– and HBeAg+ who do not maintain off-treatment virological suppression and in those with advanced liver disease. The recently updated European Association of the Study of the Liver (EASL) clinical practical guidelines for HBV have clarified, first, how to treat HBV (interferon or the most potent oral drugs with optimal resistance profiles, i.e. entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, should be used as first-line monotherapies); second, who should be treated (CHB in patients with significant liver disease but also patients who are HBsAg+ and are receiving immunosuppressive treatment, patients coinfected with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus, mothers who are HBsAg+ with high viral load in late pregnancy associated with sero vaccination to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HBV; and third, when to stop antiviral therapies. The aim of this review was to clarify how to treat HBV and who should be treated, as well as when to stop treatment. Although the answer to these questions is clear for pegylated interferon, it is more debatable for nucleos(t)ide analogues (anti-HBe seroconversion, HBsAg loss or anti-HBs seroconversion with undetectable HBV DNA are clear indications to discontinue treatment but sustained undetectable HBV DNA in patients who are anti-HBe+ without significant fibrosis might be another indication).
Albumin As a Resuscitative Fluid in Patients with Severe Sepsis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Fluid therapy is an essential part of resuscitation of the patients with severe sepsis and different methods has been suggested for. One of these methods is to add colloids like albumin to the crystalloid fluids, yet there are serious controversies about its effectiveness. To determine the effect of adding albumin to crystalloid fluids on the outcome of the severe sepsis, we performed this study. 20 patients (12 men and 8 women, with the mean age of 58) with severe sepsis who needed resuscitation, who were hospitalized in Imam Reza medical education center. The study began on march 2015 and ended on march 2016. The patients were randomized into two groups. One group received crystalloid fluids and routine management procedures and the other group received albumin (two vials of 20% albumin) alongside those two mentioned. Mortality was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were the length of hospitalization, the need for mechanical ventilation, dialysis and organ failure. 28 and 90 day mortality in the albumin group was 10 and 40 percent, respectively (p value=0. 58), and they were 30 and 50 percent in the control group, respectively (p value=0. 5). None of the patients needed dialysis and there were no significant differences between the two groups from the organ failure point of view. The median length of hospitalization in both ICU and general ward was significantly higher in the albumin group (16 days VS 7.5 days, p value= 0.03 and 32 days VS 12 days, p value=0.02). PaO 2 and O 2 Sat were lower but not significant in the albumin group. Adding albumin to the crystalloid fluids in order to resuscitate the patients with severe sepsis, only results in prolongation of the hospitalization length in both ICU and general ward and has no notable clinical benefit. Trial registration www.IRCT. org/ IRCT 2016040316473N5
Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination.
Kaplan associated with self-enhancement whether the mode of deviance in question be drug abuse

The hypothesis that "among initially high self-derogation subjects deviant response patterns (alcohol and drug abuse, delinquent patterns, etc.) are related to subsequent decreases in self-derogation" was tested with data from a longitudinal survey study o f adolescents. Among higher and lower socioeconomic status (SES) males initially high self-derogation subjects who adopted (relative to those who dM not adopt) any o f several deviant patterns manifested significantly greater subsequent base-free decreases in self-deroga.tion. For higher SES females only narcotics use (and among lower SES females no deviant pattern) was significantly related to subsequent decrease in self-derogation. Together with collateral data, these results indicated that where the deviant patterns were compatible with valued social roles and the subjects were able to defend against negative responses by others (but not under mutually exclusive conditions), deviant patterns functioned to reduce self-rejecting feelings among initially highly self-derogating subjects.
Transport in chemically doped graphene in the presence of adsorbed molecules

Motivated by a recent experiment reporting on the possible application of graphene as sensors, we calculate transport properties of two-dimensional graphene monolayers in the presence of adsorbed molecules. We find that the adsorbed molecules, acting as compensators that partially neutralize the random charged impurity centers in the substrate, enhance the graphene mobility without much change in the carrier density. We predict that subsequent field-effect measurements should preserve this higher mobility for both electrons and holes, but with a voltage induced electron-hole asymmetry that depends on whether the adsorbed molecule was an electron or hole donor in the compensation process. We also calculate the low density magnetoresistance and find good quantitative agreement with experimental results.
Methyltransferase Candidates by Inhibiting Viral mRNA Cap Metapneumovirus Live Attenuated Vaccine Rational Design of Human

The paramyxoviruses human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV3) are responsible for the majority of pediatric respiratory diseases and inflict significant economic loss, health care costs, and emotional burdens. Despite major efforts, there are no vaccines available for these viruses. The conserved region VI (CR VI) of the large (L) polymerase proteins of paramyxoviruses catalyzes methyltransferase (MTase) activities that typically methylate viral mRNAs at positions guanine N-7 (G-N-7) and ribose 2=-O. In this study, we generated a panel of recombinant hMPVs carrying mutations in the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding site in CR VI of L protein. These recombinant viruses were specifically defective in ribose 2=-O methylation but not G-N-7 methylation and were genetically stable and highly attenuated in cell culture and viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of cotton rats. Importantly, vaccination of cotton rats with these recombinant hMPVs (rhMPVs) with defective MTases triggered a high level of neutralizing antibody, and the rats were completely protected from challenge with wild-type rhMPV. Collectively, our results indicate that (i) amino acid residues in the SAM binding site in the hMPV L protein are essential for 2=-O methylation and (ii) inhibition of mRNA cap MTase can serve as a novel target to rationally design live attenuated vaccines for hMPV and perhaps other paramyxoviruses, such as
Title : The nucleolar protein LYAR facilitates ribonucleoprotein assembly of influenza A 1 virus 2 Running title : LYAR promotes influenza A viral RNA synthesis 3 4

7 State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 8 Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China. 9 Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 10 Kansas, United States of America. 11 Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative 12 Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China. 13 Current Address: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Ican School of 14 Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America. 15 16 # Corresponding authors 17 Email: hbzhou@mail.hzau. edu.cn (HZ); wma@vet.k-state.edu (WM). 18 These authors contributed equally to this work. 19 Abstract: 165 words, Importance: 134 words, Text: 6978 words. 20
Dominant climatic factor driving annual runoff change at catchments scale over China

Dominant climatic factor driving annual runoff change at catchments scale over China Z. Huang and H. Yang State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
External Dynamics Influencing Tattooing Among College Students: A Qualitative Analysis

The study utilized qualitative research methodology to assess external dynamics and their influences on tattooing practices among college students. Twenty-four undergraduates supplied in-depth interviews regarding the external variables related to college students' decisions to tattoo. The present research follows (Tse, Firmin, Angelini, & Foster, 2006), which reported findings regarding college students' internal dynamics for tattoo choices. Present findings suggest that health concerns, parental and peer influences, and social stigmas are particularly cogent external influencers in college students' decisions to tattoo.
Small Scale Processes in the Solar Wind

The solar wind provides a fascinating laboratory for the investigation of a wide range of plasma physical nonlinear processes, such as, e.g., turbulence, intermittency, magnetic reconnection and plasma heating. One of the key aspects for a deep understanding of these phenomena is the plasma behaviour at small scales. This chapter is intended as a discussion forum on the role played by small scales in solar wind plasma dynamics and/or evolution. Processes occurring at large scales are anyhow responsible for the generation of small scale kinetic fluctuations and structures that in turn have important feedback on the global system evolution. In particular, we will focus our attention on two topics, namely magnetic reconnection and kinetic effects at short spatial scales.
Packaging Signals Reassortment through Compatible Viral Influenza A and B Virus Intertypic

Influenza A and B viruses cocirculate in humans and together cause disease and seasonal epidemics. These two types of influenza viruses are evolutionarily divergent, and exchange of genetic segments inside coinfected cells occurs frequently within types but never between influenza A and B viruses. Possible mechanisms inhibiting the intertypic reassortment of genetic segments could be due to incompatible protein functions of segment homologs, a lack of processing of heterotypic segments by influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, an inhibitory effect of viral proteins on heterotypic virus function, or an inability to specifically incorporate heterotypic segments into budding virions. Here, we demonstrate that the full-length hemagglutinin (HA) of prototype influenza B viruses can complement the function of multiple influenza A viruses. We show that viral noncoding regions were sufficient to drive gene expression for either type A or B influenza virus with its cognate or heterotypic polymerase. The native influenza B virus HA segment could not be incorporated into influenza A virus virions. However, by adding the influenza A virus packaging signals to full-length influenza B virus glycoproteins, we rescued influenza A viruses that possessed HA, NA, or both HA and NA of influenza B virus. Furthermore, we show that, similar to single-cycle infectious influenza A virus, influenza B virus cannot incorporate heterotypic transgenes due to packaging signal incompatibilities. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the lack of influenza A and B virus reassortants can be attributed at least in part to incompatibilities in the virus-specific packaging signals required for effective segment incorporation into nascent virions.
GROWTH, CONDITION, AND MORTALITY OF BLACK CRAPPIE, BLUEGILL, AND YELLOW PERCH IN NEBRASKA SAND HILLS LAKES

The growth, condition, and mortality of black crappie, bluegill, and yellow perch were measured in 30 Nebraska Sand Hills lakes (1998, 1999) to determine the value of these parameters in these fish populations compared to other Great Plains populations. Growth was variable for all three fish species, but similar to or higher than populations in other midwestern states. Bluegill condition, as measured by mean relative weight, ranged from 115 to 123, indicating these populations were in very good condition. Mean relative weight by length for black crappie ranged from 94 to 114, but only 83 to 95 for yellow perch. Mean total annual mortality did not vary significantly among the three species, with 38.6% for black crappie, 30.9% for bluegill, and 37.9% for yellow perch (p > 0.50). These mortality estimates were similar to other lightly exploited or unexploited midwestern populations. This study indicates that high-quality panfish populations in the Nebraska Sand Hills had characteristic growth, condition, and mortality traits, and it provides baseline information for future comparisons with other Great Plains fish populations.
Is the Sheil a Shill? Informal Credit in Rural Sudan

Then I saw them dividing up the sacks between them. Hussein the merchant took ten; each of the strangers took five. Mousa the owner of the field next to ours on the eastern side took five, and my grandfather took five. Understanding nothing, I looked at Masood and saw that his eyes were darting about to left and right like two mice that have lost their way home. "You're still fifty pounds in debt to me," said my grandfather to Masood, "We'll talk about it later. " -Tayeb Salih, "A Handful of Dates," in The Wedding of Zein and Other Stories