Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Hindi version of the early childhood oral health impact scale among 3–5-year-old preschool children in Rohtak city, Haryana

Background: The early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS) has been developed for assessing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the preschool children and translated and validated in different languages to conform to their cultures. This tool has not been validated in Hindi for use among Indian preschool children till now. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the validity of the Hindi version of the ECOHIS among 3–5-year-old preschool children in Rohtak city, Haryana. Materials and Methods: The Hindi version of the ECOHIS was developed through standardized forward–backward linguistic translation method. It was tested for validity and reliability among 469 parents and their children after obtaining informed consent. Construct validity of the measure was assessed by correlating ECOHIS score to dental caries experience (deft). For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was determined. A subsample of the parents repeated the ratings of the measure to enable test–retest reliability assessments. Results: Construct validity was r = 0.298. Reliability of the questionnaire was 0.873 (Cronbach's alpha), and test–retest reliability as assessed by intraclass correlation value was 0.91. Conclusions: The Hindi version of the ECOHIS is a valid instrument for assessing OHRQoL in preschool children.
Comparison of the accuracy of open-tray and snap-on impression techniques of implants with different angulations

Background: A precise transfer of the position of an implant to the working cast is particularly important to achieve an optimal fit of the final restoration. Different variables affect the accuracy of implant impression. The purpose of the present study is to compare the accuracy of open-tray and snap-on impression techniques in implants with different angulations. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study: A reference acrylic resin model of the mandible was fabricated. Four implants were positioned with the angles of 0°, 10°, 15°, and 25° in the model. Ten impressions were prepared with open-tray technique and ten impressions were made using snap-on technique. All impressions were made from vinyl polysiloxane impression material. Linear (Δx, Δy, and Δr) and angular displacements (Δθ) of implants were evaluated using a coordinate measuring machine. Measured data were then analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: The results showed that the accuracy of open-tray impression technique is significantly different from snap-on technique in Δx (P = 0.003), Δy (P = 0.000), Δr (P = 0.000), and Δθ (P = 0.000). Implants with 25° angulation are significantly less accurate than 0°, 10°, and 15° implants in Δx, Δy, Δr, and Δθ. Fifteen-degree implants are less accurate than 0° and 10° ones in Δθ. Conclusion: Regarding the findings of this study, it can be concluded that snap-on technique is less accurate than open-tray technique, and the accuracy of 25° implant is less than that of 0°, 10°, and 15° implants.
Effectiveness of an integrated perinatal oral health assessment and promotion program on the knowledge in Indian pregnant women

Background: Oral health during pregnancy plays a crucial role in the overall health and well-being of pregnant women. Evidence shows that most young children acquire cariogenic organisms from their mothers. Poor maternal knowledge about oral diseases combined with inappropriate feeding can lead to severe caries among young children. The aim of study was to assess the oral health status of pregnant women and to evaluate the gain in their knowledge after educational session in an antenatal setting. Materials and Methods: It is a pre- and post-intervention study carried out on the pregnant women (n = 198) attending an antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital. A specially designed semi-structured 14-point questionnaire was used to assess the pre- and post-knowledge and attitude to the oral health. Each participant was educated for self and infant oral care with the help of a specially prepared colored printed booklet. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to explore the associations between the age, education and socioeconomic class and knowledge; Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and post-knowledge score. Results: Median preoral health knowledge–attitude score was found to be 4 (0–8) and was found to be associated with the level of education (P = 0.014) and socioeconomic class (0.019). There was a significant improvement in the median postknowledge score to 7 (2–10) (P < 0.001) following oral health educational session in all categories. Conclusions: An integrated preventive oral health checkup and educational program to pregnant women can benefit the dental health of the women and children. Prenatal care workers can be involved to disseminate the oral health awareness to pregnant women during antenatal visits.
Electroencephalography studies of hypoxic ischemia in fetal and neonatal animal models

Alongside clinical achievements, experiments conducted on animal models (including primate or non-primate) have been effective in the understanding of various pathophysiological aspects of perinatal hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Due to the reasonably fair degree of flexibility with experiments, most of the research around HIE in the literature has been largely concerned with the neurodevelopmental outcome or how the frequency and duration of HI seizures could relate to the severity of perinatal brain injury, following HI insult. This survey concentrates on how EEG experimental studies using asphyxiated animal models (in rodents, piglets, sheep and non-human primate monkeys) provide a unique opportunity to examine from the exact time of HI event to help gain insights into HIE where human studies become difficult.
Chronotypes and its association with psychological morbidity and childhood parasomnias

Background: The relationship between chronotypes and sleeping problems is not clear. The objective of the study was to identify the relative occurrence of chronotypes among college students and to explore adult psychological morbidity and childhood sleeping problems across chronotypes. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty undergraduate medical students were assigned into different chronotypes by Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire and they were further assessed using Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Parasomnia Questionnaire (adapted from the Adult Sleep Disorders Questionnaire), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: Intermediate chronotype was the most common, seen in 87 (58%) students, followed by evening type in 34 (22.7%). Evening types have more difficulties in making a decision, becoming exhausted more easily and feeling worthless than other chronotypes. Evening-oriented students showed a significantly higher frequency of initial insomnia and poorer overall sleep quality than the other groups. The current bedwetting was more in evening types; there was no difference in any other current and childhood parasomnias. Conclusions: Evening chronotypes had greater difficulty in decision-making, and they were more vulnerable to feel worthless. No significant association was found between childhood parasomnias and chronotypes except persistent bedwetting during adulthood in evening types.
Dental Caries : A Cross-sectional Study in Bengaluru , Karnataka

The basis of considering dermatoglyphic pattern, rugae patterns, and cheiloscopic patterns in assessing the susceptibility of an individual to dental caries is that epidermal ridges of fingers and palms, as well as facial structures such as palate, lips, alveolar bone, and enamel, are formed from the same embryonic tissues (ectoderm) during the same embryonic period (6–9 weeks in utero). [2] Address for correspondence: Dr. Ajna Alex, C104, Hinduja Lakefront Estate, Opposite Hulimavu Police Station, Hulimavu, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru ‐ 560 076, Karnataka, India. E‐mail: ajnaanu@gmail.com Abstract Introduction: Early detection of susceptibility to dental caries by studying its genetic basis by effectively utilizing noninvasive, less expensive, and effective tools is gaining popularity. Cariogenesis is affected by a combination of environmental and behavioral factors. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of dermatoglyphic, cheiloscopic, and rugoscopic patterns for assessing the risk of dental caries in children. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 children aged 3–7 years who were divided into two groups based on their decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT/deft) index. Fingerprints, lip prints, and rugae patterns were recorded and analyzed. Results: The most common fingerprints patterns in the children with higher deft scores were loop pattern (52%), followed by whorls (32%) and arches (16%). The branched pattern of lip prints was found to be the most prevalent in all children irrespective of their caries status. Among palatal rugae shapes, wavy was found to be the most prevalent (54%) one in our study population, irrespective of the deft scores. Considering the palatal rugae unifications, it was found that converging type was significantly (P = 0.032) more prevalent in children with less deft scores (32%) compared to those with high deft caries (14%). Conclusion: Palatal rugae unifications have proved to be a good marker of dental caries. Among the various genes that may be playing a role in caries formation, BCOR and BCORL1 genes may also be playing a role in the development of palate and the rugae patterns and also in the development of enamel, which is known to be the most vulnerable dental tissue to dental caries.
Disorders of Sex Development: A 10 Years Experience with 73 Cases from the Kashmir Valley

Purpose: To present the clinical data, investigative profile, and management of patients with disorders of sex development (DSD) from the endocrine unit of a tertiary care university hospital. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 73 cases of DSD, evaluated and managed at Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, over a period of 10 years from September 2008 to August 2018. Results: Twenty-nine patients (39.7%) had 46 XY DSD and twenty-nine patients (39.7%) had 46 XX. Sex chromosome DSD was diagnosed in 15 (20.5%) patients. Of 29 patients with 46 XY DSD, 17 (58.6%) had 5α-reductase type-2 deficiency (5α-RD) and 6 (20.7%) had complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. In our patients with 5α-RD, the history of consanguinity was documented in nine (52.9%) patients. Two patients had testosterone biosynthetic defect and one patient had partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Of 29 patients with 46 XX DSD, 16 (55.1%) had congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Of 15 patients with sex chromosome DSD, 7 patients had Turner's syndrome, 7 had Klinefelter's syndrome, and 1 patient had mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Conclusion: In our study, equal number of patients had 46 XY DSD and 46 XX DSD. We are for the first time reporting from India that the most common cause of 46 XY DSD is 5α-RD, whereas CAH is the most common cause of 46 XX DSD as reported previously.
Serum cystatin C levels are negatively correlated with post-stroke cognitive dysfunction

Stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, and cognitive impairment and dementia are major complications of ischemic stroke. Cystatin C (CysC) has been found to be a neuroprotective factor in animal studies. However, the relationship between CysC levels and cognitive dysfunction in previous studies has revealed different results. This prospective observational study investigated the correlation between serum CysC levels and post-stroke cognitive dysfunction at 3 months. Data from 638 patients were obtained from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS). Cognitive dysfunction was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 3 months after stroke. According to the MMSE score, 308 patients (52.9%) had post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio (95% CI) of post-stroke cognitive dysfunction for the highest quartile of serum CysC levels was 0.54 (0.30–0.98), compared with the lowest quartile. The correlation between serum CysC and cognitive dysfunction was modified by renal function status. We observed a negative linear dose-response correlation between CysC and cognitive dysfunction in patients with normal renal function (Plinearity = 0.044), but not in those with abnormal renal function. Elevated serum CysC levels were correlated with a low risk of 3-month cognitive dysfunction in patients with acute ischemic stroke, especially in those with normal renal function. The current results suggest that CysC is a protective factor for post-stroke cognitive dysfunction, and could be used to treat post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. The CATIS study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Soochow University from China (approval No. 2012-02) on December 30, 2012, and was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier No. NCT01840072) on April 25, 2013.
Insulin Autoantibody Syndrome: Varying Clinical Presentations and Response Patterns of an Underrecognized Entity

Context: Insulin autoantibody syndrome (IAAS) is considered to be a rare cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Lack of familiarity with the varied clinical manifestations leads to underdiagnosis. Localization techniques aimed at insulin-secreting neoplasms and nesidioblastosis, which are expensive often are ordered when the correct diagnosis is not made. Aims: We describe the myriad of clinical manifestations associated with IAAS based on single centre experience. Settings and Design: Retrospective analysis of patients who got admitted with symptoms suggestive of hypoglycaemia and underwent mixed meal test and prolonged hypoglycaemic test from 2016 to 2019. Subjects and Methods: Retrospective data of 12 patients with IAAS who were diagnosed in the threeyear time period between 2016 and 2019 are included in this analysis. Clinical details, biochemical parameters and imaging modalities were analysed. Statistical Analysis: All analyses were performed with SPSS software (version 17). Results: Total of twelve patients 12 (5 male and 7 females) were identified as IAAS. Median age of presentation was 57 years. Median insulin levels and median C-peptide levels were 300 miu/ml and 18.5 ng/ml respectively. Only 3 (25%) patients had spontaneous resolution. Steroid induced remission occurred by 3 months in the remaining patients. Intermittent hyperglycaemia was seen in 9 (75%) patients. Implicatable drug use preceding the occurrence of the clinical symptoms was observed in five patients. Conclusion: IAAS is not uncommon in India. The diagnosis should be pursued in patients with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia especially when insulin levels are very high or when there is intermittent hyperglycaemia.
Carriers of the TCF7L2 rs7903146, rs12255372 Risk Alleles in the South Tamil Nadu T2DM Patients Present with Early Incidence and Insulin Dependence

Background and Aims: Metabolic abnormalities in T2DM (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) include classic manifestations such as impaired insulin secretion, synthesis and peripheral insulin resistance. The intronic variants rs7903146 and rs12255372 of the TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like 2) gene are strongly associated with risk of incidence of T2DM and impaired β-cell functions. Studies addressing the early T2DM onset, and early insulin dependence in T2DM patients of south Tamil Nadu are still lacking, and hence the present study focuses in determining the influence of the TCF7L2 polymorphisms in the incidence and disease course in the T2DM patients of south Tamil Nadu. Methods: Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were carried out in early onset (Group A), early onset insulin dependent T2DM patients (Group B) and non-insulin dependent T2DM patients (Group C). PCR, allele specific PCR (ASP), PCR product sequencing strategies were utilized to determine the genotype and the impact of the TCF7L2 SNPs in the T2DM disease course. Results: Female T2DM patients with the CT/TT rs7903146 genotype (P = 0.005) and the rs12255372 GT/TT genotype (P = 0.036) exhibited a significantly low mean age for T2DM incidence. Correlation/regression analysis in the T2DM patients revealed that rs12255372 (P = 0.042) is associated with early onset in the Group C patients and the rs7903146 (P = 0.018), rs12255372 (P = 0.026) are associated with insulin dependence in the group B patients. Conclusion: Screening for the TCF7L2 polymorphisms will prevent T2DM incidence and enable life style changes, appropriate therapeutic strategies that would help combat the accelerated disease course in the T2DM patients.
Species-specific effects of passive warming in an Antarctic moss system

Polar systems are experiencing rapid climate change and the high sensitivity of these Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems make them especially vulnerable to accelerated ecological transformation. In Antarctica, warming results in a mosaic of ice-free terrestrial habitats dominated by a diverse assemblage of cryptogamic plants (i.e. mosses and lichens). Although these plants provide key habitat for a wide array of microorganisms and invertebrates, we have little understanding of the interaction between trophic levels in this terrestrial ecosystem and whether there are functional effects of plant species on higher trophic levels that may alter with warming. Here, we used open top chambers on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, to examine the effects of passive warming and moss species on the abiotic environment and ultimately on higher trophic levels. For the dominant mosses, Polytrichastrum alpinum and Sanionia georgicouncinata, we found species-specific effects on the abiotic environment, including moss canopy temperature and soil moisture. In addition, we found distinct shifts in sexual expression in P. alpinum plants under warming compared to mosses without warming, and invertebrate communities in this moss species were strongly correlated with plant reproduction. Mosses under warming had substantially larger total invertebrate communities, and some invertebrate taxa were influenced differentially by moss species. However, warmed moss plants showed lower fungal biomass than control moss plants, and fungal biomass differed between moss species. Our results indicate that continued warming may impact the reproductive output of Antarctic moss species, potentially altering terrestrial ecosystems dynamics from the bottom up. Understanding these effects requires clarifying the foundational, mechanistic role that individual plant species play in mediating complex interactions in Antarctica's terrestrial food webs.
The Efficacy of Acticoat-Silver Dressing in Preventing Left-entricular-Assisted Device Infections

Background: The optimal local care of continuous-flow left ventricular-assisted device (CF-LVAD) exit site in unclear. We compared silver-coated wound dressing (Acticoat) with the conventional wound care method. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital in urban Detroit, between 11/1/2010 and 12/31/2011. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on Acticoatdressing use. Primary outcome was first CF-LVAD infection rate. Results: Forty-two patients were included in the study. Twenty patients used Acticoat-dressing, while 22 used the control dressing. Mean age was 60.3 ± 8.9 in the intervention group and 48.6 ± 4.8 in the control group (P: 0.004). Male patients were 15 (75%) in the intervention group and 15 (68.2%) in the control group (P: 0.74). Acticoat-dressing was used for a mean duration of 64.1 ± 122.9 days. The rate of first CF-LVAD infection was 15% (3) in the Acticoat group and 31.8% (7) in the control group (P: 0.25). Mortality at 200 days was 15% (3) in the intervention group; and 4.5% (1) in the control group (P: 0.25). Ten patients were infected in the whole study (23.8%); 9 of the infected patients (90%) required hospitalization after the first infection; while 3 patients (30%) required intensive-care unit admission. Mean time to the first infection was 276.3 ± 235.8 days in the intervention group and 276.3 ± 131.5 days in the control group (P: 0.99). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the infection rate or time to first infection between the Acticoat group and the control group.
Contact Dermatitis Due to Local Cosmetics: A Study from Northern India

Background: Majority of the cosmetics are synthetic in nature and capable of causing dermatitis among frequent users. Some cosmetics (bindi, sindoor, etc.) that cause serious skin inflammation are specific to Indian culture. Aim: To study the prevalence of contact dermatitis due to various cosmetics indigenous among Indian users. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2,150 patients who attended dermatitis clinic at a regional hospital in north India. A total of 400 of these were suspected of cosmetic dermatitis based on clinical grounds and were subjected to patch test using Indian Standard Series and Cosmetic series kit. Results: Among the 400 patients identified for cosmetic dermatitis, 352 (88%) were female and 326 (81.5%) between 20 and 49 years of age. Bindi/kumkum (30%), hair dye (18%), and deodorant/perfume (14%) were primary cosmetics causing contact dermatitis. Patch test with the suspected cosmetics was positive in 52.75% cases. Patients who visited their doctor in the early stages of appearance of symptoms (<3 months) were more likely to have positive patch test. Conclusion: Higher incidence of cosmetic dermatitis is observed in adult females aggravated by use of inferior quality cosmetics. Early detection of the disease can be helpful.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of probiotic milk and fluoride mouthrinse on salivary Streptococcus mutans counts and plaque scores in children – An in vivo experimental study

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of probiotic milk and fluoride mouthwash on salivary Streptococcus mutans (SM) counts and plaque index (PI) scores in children. Materials and Methods: Thirty children of 8–13 years with zero decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft)/DMFT were randomly divided into two equal groups of 15 each; baseline saliva samples were collected, and plaque scores were recorded. Group A received probiotic milk and Group B received fluoride mouthwash for 7 days, and then, saliva samples were collected for colony counting, and plaque scores were recorded on the 8th day. Study Design: This was a double-blind experimental in vivo study and randomized sample selection. Results: The results showed that there was statistically significant reduction in both salivary SM counts and plaque scores in both the groups after 7 days period. Intergroup comparison showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (i.e., both groups are equally effective in caries reduction). Conclusion: Probiotic milk was as effective as fluoride mouthwash in reducing SM counts and PI scores.