Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond usage: understanding the use of electronic journals on the basis of information activity analysis

A television ghost signal detector system is provided which includes a variable delay line for delaying training signal components of the main video signal. The training signal includes burst signals and may comprise, for example, the horizontal sync pulse and burst signals of the lines of the vertical blanking interval which follow the last equalizing pulse interval. The delay of the delay line is first varied until the delayed horizontal sync pulse of the main signal is in substantial time coincidence with its ghost horizontal sync pulse at the input of the delay line, and the delayed main burst signal and its ghost are in substantial time coincidence. Thereafter, the two burst signals are compared by a phase detector, the output of which is used as a control signal to control the delay of the variable delay line so as to maintain the delayed and undelayed signal in virtually complete coincidence.
Internal and External Negations

Russell' distinguished primary from secondary occurrences of definite descriptions: in 'The king of France is not bald' read as 'There is one and only one king of France, and he is not bald', 'The king of France' has a primary occurrence; in 'The king of France is not bald' read as 'It is not the case that there is one and only one king of France who is bald', 'The king of France' had a secondary occurrence. Later2 what he had to say about definite descriptions Russell also took to hold for namesordinary proper names. Ordinary proper names were just 'disguised descriptions'. But the distinction between primary and secondary occurrences which Russell applied to definite descriptions he never applied to pronouns. While 'The king of France is not bald' could be read in two ways, there was never any suggestion that 'He is not bald' had this ambiguity, and this got Russell into trouble. The differences between Russell's treatment of definite descriptions and his treatment of pronouns have been shown, by Strawson,3 to be the source of Russell's demand for 'logically proper names'. 'Logically proper names' would have to be those names which functioned as Russell's pronouns were taken to function, and there are no such. But Strawson, while he sees that to avoid the demand for impossible names we must allow pronouns to have a logic parallel to that for names does not reach the, surely obvious, conclusion that we must apply the distinction between primary and secondary occurrences to pronouns.4 It is this conclusion I want to spell out in this paper, along with some of its consequences.
Predicting vigorous physical activity using social cognitive theory.

OBJECTIVE To test Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) in predicting future vigorous physical activity among college students. METHODS College students (n=350) completed a set of instruments measuring SCT constructs. Their vigorous physical activity was tracked for 4 weeks. RESULTS Exercise role identity, self-regulation, outcome expectancy value, social support, self-efficacy, and positive exercise experience accounted for 27% of the variance in days of vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSION The results supported the use of SCT in understanding factors associated with vigorous physical activity rates among college students.
Strain-dependent differences for suppression of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal and cardiac muscle by ethanol.

BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption impairs the ability of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose production in a strain-dependent manner, with hepatic insulin resistance being greater in Long-Evans (LE) than Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. We assessed whether strain differences exist for whole-body and tissue glucose uptake under basal and insulin-stimulated conditions and whether they were associated with coordinate strain-dependent elevations in muscle cytokines. METHODS Male rats (160 g) were provided the Lieber-DeCarli EtOH-containing (36% total energy) diet or pair-fed a control diet for 8 weeks. Rats were studied in the basal state or during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, and whole-body glucose flux assessed using (3) H-glucose and in vivo tissue glucose uptake by (14) C-2-deoxyglucose. RESULTS EtOH impaired whole-body insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU) more in SD than LE rats. This difference was due to impaired IMGU by gastrocnemius and heart in EtOH-fed SD versus LE rats. However, decreased IMGU in adipose tissue (epididymal and perirenal) produced by EtOH was comparable between strains. EtOH-induced insulin resistance in muscle from SD rats was associated with reduced AKT and AS160 phosphorylation and plasma membrane-localized GLUT4 protein as well as enhanced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and IRS-1 (S307), changes which were absent in muscle from LE rats. EtOH increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) mRNA in gastrocnemius and fat under basal conditions in both SD and LE rats; however, hyperinsulinemia decreased TNFα in skeletal muscle from LE, but not SD rats. Interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA in gastrocnemius was increased under basal conditions and increased further in response to insulin in SD rats, but no EtOH- or insulin-induced change was detected in muscle IL-6 of LE rats. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate strain-dependent differences in EtOH-induced IMGU in skeletal and cardiac muscle, but not fat, associated with sustained increases in TNFα and IL-6 mRNA and JNK activation and decreased plasma membrane GLUT4 in response to insulin.
Postoperative intravenous iron used alone or in combination with low-dose erythropoietin is not effective for correction of anemia after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine whether intravenous iron III-hydroxide sucrose complex (IHSC) used alone was sufficient to provide rapid correction of anemia after cardiac surgery and whether additional stimulation of erythropoiesis is possible by means of a single low dose of recombinant-human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) administration. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. SETTING The study was conducted in a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS One hundred twenty American Society of Anesthesiologists II or III patients, who underwent elective cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass and in whom postpump hemoglobin ranged between 7 and 10 g/dL. INTERVENTIONS Patients were divided into 3 groups: group I = control; group II received postoperative intravenous iron supplementation with an iron III-hydroxide sucrose complex (IHSC); and group III received IV iron and a single dose of r-HuEPO (300 U/kg). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS No significant difference in transfusion needs was observed among the 3 groups (22%, 25%, and 17% of patients transfused in groups I, II, and III, respectively). Hemoglobin levels, reticulocyte counts, and serum ferritin levels were evaluated at different time intervals (until day 30 postoperatively). No side effects because of iron administration were noted in the study. Reticulocyte counts increased rapidly at day 5 (2.24% +/- 1.11%, 1.99% +/- 1.44%, and 3.84% +/- 2.02% in groups I, II, and III, respectively) and decreased after day 15 in the 3 groups. Ferritin levels increased significantly at day 5 in the 2 treated groups (899.33 +/- 321.55 ng/mL in group II, 845.75 +/- 289.96 ng/mL in group III v 463.15 +/- 227.74 ng/mL in group I). In group I, ferritin levels, after a slight elevation on day 5, decreased at day 15 to lower than baseline levels. No significant difference in hemoglobin increase was noted among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION Postoperative intravenous iron supplementation alone or in combination with a single dose of r-HuEPO (300 U/kg) is not effective in correcting anemia after cardiac surgery.
Intergenerational occupational mobility and fertility: a reassessment.

This paper examines the relationship between intergenerational occupational mobility and family size: it focuses on the partition of cumulative fertility into 2 components -- intended and unintended births -- that may respond differently to social and economic sources of influence. 4 theoretical perspectives are drawn upon to set forth alternative predictions of the relationship between unintended and intended births for upwardly and downwardly mobile couples. The results of regression analysis of 1970 (U.S.) National Fertility Survey data lend support to Easterlins "relative economic status" hypothesis which advances the expectation of a positive relationship between direction of mobility and fertility although this pattern is observed only for unintended births. The implications of this finding for certain theories of fertility as well as for the inconclusive nature of previous research into the mobility/fertility relationship are discussed. (Authors)
Trichotillomania in youth: a retrospective case series

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of the naturalistic treatment of youth with Trichotillomania (TTM) in an anxiety disorders clinic sample. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 11 treated patients between the ages of 6 and 17, with DSM‐IV TTM. Results: Ten patients were initially treated with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI), whereas one patient was initially treated with an antipsychotic. Three of the 10 patients who started with an SRI had a response (Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement Scale (CGI‐I)≥2) in TTM symptoms. Nine patients of the 11 patients were treated with an antipsychotic medication (in 8 patients the antipsychotic was added after an initial trial with an SRI, in 1 patient the antipsychotic was the first line agent), 2 patients remained on an SRI; 8/9 were responders to antipsychotic treatment and 2 patients remitted (complete cessation of hair pulling). Adverse events to the SRI or antipsychotic were experienced by 7/11 patients but did not lead to treatment discontinuation. Conclusions: This retrospective case series suggests that youth with TTM maybe responsive to pharmacological interventions with SRIs and/or antipsychotic agents, although the response seemed to be more robust with antipsychotics. These preliminary findings will need to be replicated in a larger scale controlled design. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonadherence in hemodialysis: associations with mortality, hospitalization, and practice patterns in the DOPPS.

BACKGROUND Nonadherence among hemodialysis patients compromises dialysis delivery, which could influence patient morbidity and mortality. The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) provides a unique opportunity to review this problem and its determinants on a global level. METHODS Nonadherence was studied using data from the DOPPS, an international, observational, prospective hemodialysis study. Patients were considered nonadherent if they skipped one or more sessions per month, shortened one or more sessions by more than 10 minutes per month, had a serum potassium level openface>6.0 mEq/L, a serum phosphate level openface>7.5 mg/dL (>2.4 mmol/L), or interdialytic weight gain (IDWG)>5.7% of body weight. Predictors of nonadherence were identified using logistic regression. Survival analysis used the Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for case-mix. RESULTS Skipping treatment was associated with increased mortality [relative risk (RR) = 1.30, P = 0.01], as were excessive IDWG (RR = 1.12, P = 0.047) and high phosphate levels (RR = 1.17, P = 0.001). Skipping also was associated with increased hospitalization (RR = 1.13, P = 0.04), as were high phosphate levels (RR = 1.07, P = 0.05). Larger facility size (per 10 patients) was associated with higher odds ratios (OR) of skipping (OR = 1.03, P = 0.06), shortening (OR = 1.03, P = 0.05), and IDWG (OR = 1.02, P = 0.07). An increased percentage of highly trained staff hours was associated with lower OR of skipping (OR = 0.84 per 10%, P = 0.02); presence of a dietitian was associated with lower OR of excessive IDWG (OR = 0.75, P = 0.08). CONCLUSION Nonadherence was associated with increased mortality risk (skipping treatment, excessive IDWG, and high phosphate) and with hospitalization risk (skipping, high phosphate). Certain patient/facility characteristics also were associated with nonadherence.
Nutrition and Caries

INVESTIGATIONS on the effect of diet on the appearance of dental caries in rats and hamsters have been in progress for some time at the Netherlands Institute for Nutrition (Nederlands Instituut voor Volksvoeding). The results so far have been described by Jansen, Luyken, Dalderup, Nederveen-Fenenga, Boonstra, and W~istmann,' Nederveen-Fenenga and Dalderup,2 and Luyken, Dalderup, and Jansen.3 Some histologic changes in the molars of our experimental animals will now be described. In order to examine the effect of the composition of the food on the frequency of caries in rats, the jaws of rats which had received various diets for different periods of time were compared. All the experiments were conducted with Mus norvegicus which have been bred for the last 20 years in this laboratory. These white rats, in groups of at least 20, were fed a particular diet and were sacrificed after observation periods of 21/2 to 6 months. The jaws of all the animals were examined under a binocular microscope at x15 according to the scoring method of Keyes, with our own modification. The jaws from a number of animal groups were also cut longitudinally into 2 or 4 sections. The caries was then evaluated under a microscope with a magnification of 50, after staining with fuchsin. In addition, sections were made from the jaws of 2 animals from each group for histologic examination. The histologic preparations consisted partly of thin sections which were decalcified and partly of thicker sections which were not decalcified. Clearly, a better estimate concerning the enamel is possible with the latter than with the former. Initially the jaws were examined after the experimental animals had received a particular diet for a period of 41/2 months. The cavities, however, were often found to be so large that while they were suitable for the determination of the caries percentage, they exhibited too much destruction for accurate differentiation of size and number. The observation period was therefore reduced for the histologic examination to 21/2 months or less, depending upon the diet. The changes which consequently appeared facilitated a better comparison.
Contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with Nd:YAG laser in uncontrolled glaucoma.

To evaluate the effectiveness of contact delivery systems, we treated 23 eyes with uncontrolled intraocular pressure using a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser delivered by a fiber optic. With the fiber's tip perpendicular to the surface of the conjunctiva, 1.5 mm from the corneal limbus, we applied 16 laser spots of 2 J/second energy. Patients were followed for at least 6 months (mean, 8.6 +/- 2.4 months). The mean pressure decreased from a pretreatment value of 43.7 mm Hg to a posttreatment value of 24.7 mm Hg (P = 0.000). A total of 66.6% of the treated eyes achieved a pressure on last follow-up visit of 25 mm Hg or less. Pain decreased in all the patients treated (P less than .005). Complications were minimal.
Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever.

BACKGROUND High fever, toxaemia, constipation during first week of fever, complicated by encephalopathy and perforation during third week of fever are the typical manifestations of typhoid fever. However, the classical presentation of typhoid fever has considerably changed now. AIM To study atypical presentations of typhoid fever. SETTING A teaching unit of a hospital in South India METHOD All culture-positive adult patients of typhoid fever admitted over a period of seven years were studied RESULTS Thirty-two adult patients were admitted. Fifteen (46.9%) patients presented with atypical manifestations. Atypical manifestations observed were burning micturition with normal urine examination (n= 5, 15.6%) diarrhoea in first week (6.2%), encephalopathy in first week (3.1%), isolated hepatomegaly (6.2%), pneumonitis (3.1%) and bone marrow depression (6.2%). Out of 32 Salmonella typhi culture positive patients, 10 (31.3%) patients had multidrug resistant (MDR) strain. Patients with MDR strains had atypical manifestations (5/10=50%) not significantly more often than patients having multidrug sensitive strains (10/22=45.5%) (Z <2). All patients responded to treatment. CONCLUSION It appears atypical manifestations do not necessarily mean a worse prognosis in typhoid fever. Patients having high fever presenting with pneumonia, early encephalopathy, early diarrhoea or bone marrow depression in a typhoid endemic area, should be suspected for this disease.
Parenthood experiences during the child's first year: literature review.

BACKGROUND Raising a child is probably the most challenging responsibility faced by a new parent. The first year is the basis of the child's development and is significant for growth and development. Knowledge and understanding of parents' experiences are especially important for child health nurses, whose role is to support parents in their parenthood. AIM The aim of this review was to describe mothers' and fathers' experiences of parenthood during the child's first year. METHOD A literature search covering 1992-2002 was carried out using the terms parenthood, parenting, first year, infancy and experience. Of the 88 articles retrieved, 33 articles (both qualitative and quantitative) met the inclusion criteria and corresponded to the aim of this review. The data were analysed by thematic content analysis. FINDINGS Being a parent during the child's first year was experienced as overwhelming. The findings were described from two perspectives, namely mothers' and fathers' perspectives, since all the included studies considered mothers' and fathers' experiences separately. The following categories were identified concerning mothers: being satisfied and confident as a mother, being primarily responsible for the child is overwhelming and causes strain, struggling with the limited time available for oneself, and being fatigued and drained. The following categories were found for fathers: being confident as a father and as a partner, living up to the new demands causes strain, being prevented from achieving closeness to the child is hurtful, and being the protector and the provider of the family. The unifying theme for these categories was 'living in a new and overwhelming world'. CONCLUSION There is a need for nurse interventions aimed at minimizing parents' experiences of strain. A suggested intervention is to find a method whereby child health nurses' support would lead to parents becoming empowered in their parenthood.
Adaptive isogeometric methods with hierarchical splines: error estimator and convergence

The problem of developing an adaptive isogeometric method (AIGM) for solving elliptic second-order partial differential equations with truncated hierarchical B-splines of arbitrary degree and different order of continuity is addressed. The adaptivity analysis holds in any space dimensions. We consider a simple residual-type error estimator for which we provide a posteriori upper and lower bound in terms of local error indicators, taking also into account the critical role of oscillations as in a standard adaptive finite element setting. The error estimates are properly combined with a simple marking strategy to define a sequence of admissible locally refined meshes and corresponding approximate solutions. The design of a refine module that preserves the admissibility of the hierarchical mesh configuration between two consectutive steps of the adaptive loop is presented. The contraction property of the quasi-error, given by the sum of the energy error and the scaled error estimator, leads to the convergence proof of the AIGM.
Telepsychiatry and Virtual Reality an the Teatment of Patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

BACKGROUND Treatment and rehabilitation of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities is a multidisciplinary challenge, which require implementing new attitudes. The use of modern technology solutions like telepsychiatry or virtual reality may be a valuable addition to the traditional methods. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to explore the usability of new technological solutions in this special population of patients. METHODS The search in the PubMed was conducted using the following terms: (intellectual disability (Title/Abstract) OR developmental disability OR learning disorder (Title/Abstract)) AND virtual reality (Title/Abstract) OR telepsychiatry OR telemedicine OR e-mental health AND English (lang) AND (1995/01/01(PDAT): 2017/07/31(PDAT)). RESULTS Telepsychiatry may be a useful tool in situations, when the direct access to professional assistance is limited, in solving particular problems like e.g. managing challenging behavior, also to support patients' parents and for diagnostic and educational purposes. Virtual reality can be a safe and effective method of improving different skills, developing physical fitness, and enriching the ways of spending the leisure time. CONCLUSIONS Using modern technology is a relatively new and promising field in which new ideas may develop to support the already existing services for patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Solving 0 = F(t, y(t), y′(t)) in Matlab

Abstract Important algorithms and design decisions of a new code, ode15i, for solving 0 = F(t, y(t), y′(t)) are presented. They were developed to exploit Matlab, a popular problem solving environment (PSE). Codes widely-used in general scientific computation (GSC) compute consistent initial conditions only for restricted forms of the differential equations. ode15i does this for the general problem, a task that is qualitatively different. Unlike popular codes in GSC, ode15i saves partial derivatives because this is more efficient in the PSE. A new representation of fixed leading coefficient BDFs is based on the Lagrangian form of polynomial interpolation. Basic computations are both clear and efficient in the PSE when using this form. Some numerical experiments show that ode15i is an effective way to solve fully implicit ODEs and DAEs of index 1 in Matlab.
Muscle injury is the principal injury type and hamstring muscle injury is the first injury diagnosis during top-level international athletics championships between 2007 and 2015

Background During top-level international athletics championships, muscle injuries are frequent. Objective To analyse the incidence and characteristics of muscle injuries and hamstring muscle injuries (hamstring injuries) occurring during top-level international athletics championships. Methods During 16 international championships held between 2007 and 2015, national medical team and local organising committee physicians reported daily all injuries on a standardised injury report form. Only muscle injuries (muscle tears and muscle cramps) and hamstring injuries have been analysed. Results 40.9% of all recorded injuries (n=720) were muscle injuries, with 57.5% of them resulting in time loss. The overall incidence of muscle injuries was higher in male athletes than female athletes (51.9±6.0 vs 30.3±5.0 injuries per 1000 registered athletes, respectively; RR=1.71; 95% CI 1.45 to 2.01). Muscle injuries mainly affected the thigh (52.9%) and lower leg (20.1%), and were mostly caused by overuse with sudden onset (38.2%) and non-contact trauma (24.6%). Muscle injury risk varied according to the event groups. Hamstring injuries represented 17.1% of all injuries, with a higher risk in male compared to female athletes (22.4±3.4 vs 11.5±2.6 injuries per 1000 registered athletes, respectively; RR=1.94; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.66). Conclusions During international athletics championships, muscle injury is the principal type of injury, and among those, the hamstring is the most commonly affected, with a two times higher risk in male than female athletes. Athletes in explosive power events, male athletes and older male athletes, in specific were more at risk of muscle injuries and hamstring injuries. Injury prevention strategies should be sex-specific.