Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The study of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients of sinus headache

ABSTRACT Functional endoscopic sinus surgery has opened up a new horizon in the management of Headache secondary to chronic sinusitis and other paranasal disorder . In this study, we have selected 92 patients of chronic sinonasal disease (allergic/inflammatory/miscellaneous) attending the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, jhalawar medical college ,jhalawar(rajasthan) from July '08 to Oct. '11. All the patients were pre-operatively evaluated clinically, radiologically as well as endoscopically in order to maintain normal physio-anatomy as much as possible. All 92 patients underwent for endoscopic sinus surgery. Endoscopy in all 92 patients revealed various pathological abnormalities at the middle meatus and anterior ethmoid region. The important findings were mucopurulent discharge in 63.04% of cases, polyps in nose in 71.73% of cases,concha bullosa were noted in 36.96% cases, Enlarged Bulla ethmoidalis were found in 36.96% cases. Radiological evaluation done by coronal section C.T. Scanning, revealed the anterior ethmoid as the most common site of mucosal involvement 45.65%, followed by maxillary 44.56% frontal 19.56% and posterior ethmoid 14.13% and sphenoid region 14.13%. After complete preoperative evaluation patients were considered to have chronic rhinosinusitis when they had nasal obstruction, recurrent episodes of mucopurulent secretion and headache, facial pain and pressure. Initially patients were managed medically according to their symptoms and were observed for 6 months. The patients who were symptomatic even after medical management were operated upon using the Messerklinger's approach (1978). All the patient were operated under local anaesthesia except who were uncooperative and age less than 12 years. In this series all 92 patients followed up carefully over a for minimum 6 months. This same group of patients were also assessed with reference to their dominating symptoms. Each patient was asked to asses his or her preoperative symptoms in order of severity which demonstrated that, headache was leading symptom in 100% cases and 93.47% responded favorably to surgery, nasal obstruction was complained by 84.78% cases and 92.30% responded favorably to surgery, nasal discharge was complained by 78.26% patients and 91.67% responded to surgery; while patients with post-nasal discharge responded well after surgery in 81.82% patients.The overall results reveal that 89.81% patients considered themselves asymptomatic or improved following surgery. No major complication directly related to FESS occurred in this series. Hence, over the conventional method, FESS has a number of advantages, besides being more accurate in diagnosis namely access to inaccessible areas of nose and sinuses restoring normal physiology and avoidance of radical surgery. The success depends upon a thorough pre operative endoscopic and CT coronal screening, evaluation and of course upon the efficiency and the skill of the surgeon. Inspite of certain serious complications, of which no surgery is exempt, FESS is undoubtedly the beginning of new era in cases of sinus headache.
Testosterone for the Treatment of Mammary and Prostate Cancers: Historical Perspectives and New Directions

After lung cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer are the two most common forms of cancer. Approximately 209,060 women were thought to have been diagnosed with breast cancer in the US in 2010, and 217,730 men with prostate cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2007). Furthermore, a total of 39,840 women and 32,050 men were expected to have died of breast or prostate cancer during this year (National Cancer Institute, 2007). It has been known for some time that the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone, play a major role in the etiology of breast and prostate cancer (Bonkhoff & Berges, 2009; Carruba, 2007; Dimitrakakis & Bondy, 2009; Folkerd & Dowsett, 2010; Ho, 2004; Mcleod, 2003; Meyer, 1955; Suzuki et al., 2010). However, determining their precise impact in these cancers has proved controversial, and theories of their involvement have been repeatedly revised with the emergence of new scientific evidence (Drewa & Chlosta, 2010; Jensen et al., 2010; Margo & Winn, 2006; Morgentaler, 2006). Because causation has often been assumed where in fact mere association exists, ineffective treatment strategies have frequently been adopted while potentially successful avenues have been neglected. A key insight that was missing for many years was that testosterone and estrogen can be considered as two sides of a see-saw. In other words, manipulation of one has a direct effect upon the other (Ellem & Risbridger, 2010). This connection was realized with the discovery of aromatization (Santen et al., 2009), but unfortunately did not lead to the necessary reexamination of previous findings in the treatment of hormone-related cancers. Despite enormous clinical and research efforts, hormonal treatments for advanced breast cancer and prostate cancer have not resulted in significant prolongation of survival over the last few decades. A comprehensive reassessment of prevailing hormonal treatment strategies and the scientific logic behind them is therefore long overdue. The following chapter examines the role of testosterone and estrogen in breast and prostate cancer from an historical perspective, and suggests that a revised approach of combined therapies targeting multiple pathways in the hormonal cascade is required in order to lead to the meaningful hormonal manipulation of these cancers.
EFL University Students' Cognitive Processing of Spoken Academic Discourse as Evidenced by Lecture Notes

This paper presents an empirical investigation of the role of EFL university students' bottom-up and top-down processing in academic listening. EFL student notes from a Tourism lecture were analysed according to their test answerability, that is the test questions they helped answer. The true-false questions administered to check comprehension were classed as a) "supporting" or b) "main" according to whether a) they asked for specific facts, examples or ideas supporting the main concepts in the lecture and therefore required accurate bottom-up processing or whether b) they referred to more general, essential and recurrent concepts in the lectures, which the students could mainly try to answer by resorting to top-down processing. The student notes were also classed as "main" or "supporting", depending on the type of question they helped answer. Two paired t-tests conducted on the T/F scores and the answerability scores, respectively, revealed that both highproficiency and low-proficiency students were weaker in bottom-up than in top-down processing. This paper also provides evidence of some common EFL auditory processing difficulties: word beginnings, endings, number of syllables and function words.
Text as Interaction: Some Implications of Text Analysis and Reading Research for ESL Composition.

This paper discusses some recent theoretical advances intext analysis' and'i reading comprehension research---research from the perspective of. wrtten text as communicative interaction---and suggests some implications of these research findings for a related domain of textual interaction, namely ESL composition. Specifically, the paper reviews Meyer's (1975, 1977, 1982, Meyer, Brandt, and Bluth 1980, Meyer and Rice 1982, Meyer and Freedle 1984) empirical findings of reading research which appear to have direct implications for ESL composition and instruction in ESL composition. These implications include the suggestion that teaching ESL writers about the top-level rhetorical organization of expository text, teaching them how to choose the appropriate plan to accomplish specific communication goals, and teaching them how to signal a text's organization through appropriate linguistic devices should all function to make ES1 writing more effective. 0 TEXT AS INTERACTION: SOME IMPLICATIONS OF TEXT ANALYSIS AND READ r :ARCH
Antibiotic Prescription Pattern in Surgical Wards of MGM Hospital, Kamothe

Background: Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis refers to a brief course of antibiotic given just before surgery. Surgical site infection increases the hospital stay and prophylaxis has the potential to shorten hospital stay and fasten return to normal activity after dischargefromthehospital. Therefore,thepresentstudywasundertakentoobserveandanalyseantimicrobialprescriptionpattern in patients that had undergone surgery at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a prospective case series study, with 200 patients irrespective of age or gender, presented to the surgical wards of a tertiary hospital and undergoing surgical intervention, conducted from October 2016 to April 2017. Permission of the institutional ethics committee was obtained before commencement of the study. Data was collected from all patients with the help of predesigned, pretested, and structured questionnaires. By comparison with international guidelines and national guidelines, the antibiotic prescription patterns were assessed. The researchers also observed whether a ﬁxed protocol was followed for antimicrobial use for surgical prophylaxis. Results: Overall, 200 patients were studied, with a mean age of 40.2 and a range of 23 to 70 years old with 64% being males and 36% being females. The surgeries of these patients were hernioplast 36%, PCNL 8%, haemorrhoidectomy 20%, appendicectomy 4%, hydrocoel surgery 16%, lipoma excision 12%, and cholecystectomy 4%. The percentages of antibiotics used for these surgeries were cefotaxime 44%, amikacin 88%, ceftriaxone 52%, metronidazole 30%, and ceﬁxime 54%. These were then compared with the International and National guidelines for surgical prophylaxis. Conclusions: Thirdgenerationcephalosporinswerethepreferredantibioticsforpre-operativeuseaswellasforuseincombination with aminoglycoside and metronidazole for better postoperative antibiotic coverage. This seems to be due to multiple factors in Indian settings, which makes Indian practitioners administer antibiotics for a prolonged duration.
Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ve İş Performansı İlişkisinde İşe Bağlılığın Aracı Etkisi: Turizm İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma

Bu calismanin amaci algilanan sosyal destek ve is performansi iliskisinde ise bagliligin araci etkisini incelemektir. Bu maksatla algilanan sosyal destek boyutlari algilanan orgutsel destek, algilanan yonetici destegi ve algilanan calisma arkadasi destegi olacak sekilde uc; is performansi ise rol ici (gorev) ve rol disi (baglamsal) is performansi olacak sekilde iki boyutta ele alinmistir. Calisma Ankara‟daki bes yildizli konaklama isletmelerinde calisan 300 kisiyle yurutulmustur. Modelde yer alan degiskenler arasinda dogrusal ve dolayli etkileri belirlemek icin yapisal esitlik modeli cesitlerinden biri olan yapisal regresyon modelleri olusturulmus ve yol analizleri yapilmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda algilanan yonetici ve calisma arkadasi desteginin is performansina dogrudan etkisi bulunurken, algilanan orgutsel destegin is performansina etki etmedigi gorulmustur. Ise bagliligin algilanan calisma arkadasi destegi ile rol disi is performansi iliskisinde aracilik etkisi bulunmustur.
Investigating the Web Search Behaviors of Translation Students: An Exploratory and Multiple-Case Study

While the empirical study of online and offline resources represents a significant area of research in translation studies, research into the use of the web as an external aid of consultation has frequently occupied a secondary position in the investigation of translation processes. Moreover, there are hardly any studies addressing the information behaviors of (student) translators within the domains of library and information science, documentation, user studies, and information literacy, either. This multiple-case study aims at bridging this gap in the literature by exploring the web searching behaviors of a total of six participants. These include a naturally occurring sample of four postgraduate translation trainees (in their first year of studies), and two professional translators (with different levels of experience) who were recruited for a pilot study. The participants’ online search behaviors (embedded in the translation of two popular science texts from Spanish into English) are monitored through the notion of “web search task”, which is conceptualized as involving four main information-seeking/problem-solving stages: (a) The search need , or recognition of an information need within the context of translation problem solving; (b) the search goal(s) , or type(s) of information required to potentially satisfy a specific information need; (c) the search process , or online actions carried out within one or more search sessions that may address single or multiple information needs; and (d) the search outcome , or type(s) of information potentially used to satisfy a search need, and eventually solve a translation problem. The participants’ web search tasks are, in turn, examined in relation to a number of translation task attributes (text type and translation brief) as well as user attributes (translation expertise, web search expertise, and domain knowledge). The study employs direct observation via screen recording and survey research using two questionnaires (a background questionnaire and an online search report) as well as semi-structured interviewing. Qualitative analyses supported by descriptive statistics are used to process the data and provide a multi-faceted
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ BİLGİ OKURYAZARLIKLARININ ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Bu calismanin amaci, Nigde Universitesi, Egitim Fakultesi’nde ogrenim gormekte olan ogretmen adaylarinin bilgi okuryazarliklarinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi olarak belirlenmistir. Mevcut durumun betimlenmesine yonelik olarak gerceklestirilen arastirmada tarama modeli kullanilmis olup arastirma evrenini 2011-2012 akademik yilinda Nigde Universitesi, Egitim Fakultesi'nde ogrenim goren 723 ogretmen adayi olusturmustur. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen “Kisisel Bilgi Formu” ile Basaran (2005) tarafindan gelistirilen Bilgi Okuryazarligi Olcegi guncellenerek kullanilmistir. Calismada ogretmen adaylarinin bilgi kaynagi olarak hangi ortamdan faydalandiklari, bilgi paylasiminda kullandiklari arac ve gerecler, ulastiklari bilgileri saklamakta kullandiklari yontemler, bilgiye ulasmada karsilastiklari guclukler ve bilgi okuryazarligi becerileri irdelenmistir. Calismanin sonucuna gore genel olarak ogretmen adaylarinin bilgi kaynaklarina ulasmak icin yuksek oranda Internet’ten faydalandiklari, Internet ortaminda bilgi aramak icin ise Google arama motorunu tercih ettikleri sonucuna ulasilmistir. Ayrica ogretmen adaylarinin bilgi islemek ve sunmak icin gelistirilmis yazilimlar arasinda en yuksek oranda kelime isleme programlari ile film ve ses programlarini kullandiklari tespit edilmistir. Ogretmen adaylarinin bilgiyi paylasmak amaciyla yararlandiklari arac-gerecler irdelendiginde ise en yuksek oranda fotokopinin tercih edildigi, dusuk oranda ise mikro-film kullanildigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Ogretmen adaylarinin bilgiye ulasma, bilgiyi isleme ve paylasma sureci ile bilgi okuryazarligi becerilerinde cesitli degiskenlikler acisindan farkliliklar gozlemlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ogretmen Adaylari, Bilgi Okuryazarligi, ogretmen yetistirme
Decoding "turbo"-codes with the soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA)

Iterative decoding of two dimensional systematic convolutional codes has been termed "turbo"-(de)coding. It is shown that the simple soft output viterbi algorithm (SOVA) meets all the requirements for iterative decoding if an a priori term is added. With simple 4 and 16 state codes surprisingly good performance is achieved for the Gaussian and Rayleigh channel with a very small degradation relative to the complicated MAP algorithm. <<ETX>>
Rhealth: Evaluation Of A Pilot Intervention To Promote Healthy Eating And Reduce Excess Weight Gain Among Men In Residential Drug Treatment Facilities

Unhealthy eating patterns and weight gain have been reported in people recovering from substance addiction. People in recovery are at an increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases, and environments in drug treatment facilities may be unsupportive of healthy food choice behaviors. Recovery Healthy Eating and Active Learning in Treatment Houses (RHEALTH), a theory-based pilot nutrition intervention was designed to promote healthy eating and reduce excess weight gain among men in residential treatment programs through both food and nutrition education classes and changes in the food environment in the treatment facilities via the promotion of healthy food-related policies. This dissertation reports the outcome and process evaluation of the implementation of RHEALTH in six residential treatment facilities for men in recovery from drug addiction. The study participants were 124 men (103 men enrolled before the control and 21 men enrolled after the control period ended), aged 18 years and older in recovery from substance addiction, and who were assessed at three different times: at baseline, at pre-intervention following a six week control period, and at post-intervention. The main intervention outcomes were dietary intake, diet-related psychosocial factors, measured height and weight from which body mass index was derived, and waist circumference. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, selfreported addiction history and physical activity. A structured process evaluation
Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Initiating and Quitting Cigarette Smoking Among Korean Men

Background: The prevalence of current cigarette smoking is the net result of different processes over the entire life course, namely initiation, continuation and cessation of smoking. This study examined the association of socioeconomic indicators with initiating and quitting smoking among South Korean men. Methods: We analyzed a total of 2,798 men aged 25-64 who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confi dence intervals (CIs) for smoking initiation and cessation according to socioeconomic position indicators were calculated with logistic regression. Socioeconomic position was measured by education, occupation, income and marital status. Results: Greater rates of ever initiation of smoking were observed among lower educated men (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.092.09) after controlling for other socioeconomic factors. Independent associations were found among men who performed manual labor (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.12-2.14). After simultaneous adjustment for socioeconomic factors, lower likelihood of quitting smoking was detected among men who were in the middle third and the lower third income group (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.55-0.92, OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.46-0.79, respectively), who performed manual labor (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.500.86) or who were not married (OR for never-married = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.42-0.99 and OR for divorced or widowed = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.36-0.87, respectively). Conclusion: For Korean men, educational attainment was a strong predictor of ever initiating smoking, however, smoking cessation was independently related to income and marital status. To be effective, tobacco control interventions should consider these different social determinants in initiating and quitting smoking.
Inverse correlation of TRF1 expression and cell proliferation in human primary intracranial tumors.

BACKGROUND The telomeric-repeat binding factor (TRF1) participates in a physiological homeostatic mechanism controlling cellular proliferative potential. TRF1 is involved in a negative feedback mechanism that allows telomere shortening by inhibiting the activity of telomerase. Down-regulation of TRF1 expression results in telomere elongation and may be involved in cell immortalization. The goal of the present study was to determine whether routine immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques can characterize TRF1 expression in different human brain tumor specimens and whether it correlates with other indices of brain tumor's proliferative potential. METHODS A cohort of 20 flash-frozen surgical specimens [14 meningiomas and 6 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA)] were evaluated for TRF1 expression. Results of parallel investigations of tumor's proliferative indices as assessed by Ki67 labeling index (LI) determinations were cross-correlated with TRF1 expression results and histotype. RESULTS We demonstrated variable levels of TRF1 expression in 12 out of 14 (87.5%) meningioma samples. By contrast, we detected no expression of TRF1 in tissue samples from AA (p=0.008). The Ki67 LI was higher in AA than in meningioma samples (15.21+/-9.34 vs 26.6+/-13.89, p=0.044). Statistical analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between TRF1 expression, histotype, and LI (c2=14.1; p=0.0008). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that routine IHC techniques are capable to identifying TRF1 expression in intracranial tumors. The results suggest that TRF1 is heterogeneously expressed in meningiomas, and absent in AA. The TRF1 status in intracranial tumors might be of prognostic value and possibly represent a potential application for biologically targeted therapeutic strategies.
Commentary on: Effect of local anaesthetics on wound healing. An experimental study with special reference to carbocain

SCANDINAVIAN pioneers refined in vivo wound healing models (1, 2) and studied the effect of infiltrative local anaesthetics (LAs) on the wound healing process (3). This activity inspired Nilsson and Wendeberg (4) to conduct an experimental study on the new drug mepivacaine, with or without an admixture of epinephrine (adrenaline), and its effect on the tensile strength of clean incisional wounds in rabbits. This model remains scientifically valid for studies on the early sequential phases of wound healing, including coagulation, inflammation and proliferation. The work was well designed, with each animal serving as its own control. The authors found that mepivacaine 1% plus epinephrine was less toxic than lidocaine 1% plus epinephrine, as expressed by a higher tensile strength of the wounds. The findings of Nilsson andWendeberg (4) support more recent evidence from cell culture studies and experiments in rodents that LAs retard wound healing, and that epinephrine may increase this effect (5). LAs inhibit the activation, migration and metabolic activity of inflammatory cells. Theoretically, this may increase the risk of complicated healing in dirty wounds, whereas less inflammatory activity in a clean surgical wound may reduce hypertrophic scar formation. The mechanism of the toxicity observed has not been clarified. It is doubtful whether the Naþ-blocking effect of LAs is responsible for toxicity in non-excitable fibroblasts. Sceptics may argue that such studies are clinically irrelevant. However, these surrogate endpoints are currently the best methods available, because acute wound healing is difficult to assess in humans without non-destructive methods. Furthermore, healing defects, such as incisional hernia, many of which are manifest only years after surgery, are often missed in studies without late follow-up.