Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Residential Mobility and Migration

A reevaluation of cross-sectional versus longitudinal models of residential mobility confirms the general results of earlier cross-sectional analysis and casts doubt on the study by Davies and Pickles in 1985 in which it was argued that cross-sectional analysis is inadequate and that cross-sectional analysis in behavioral geography “must be viewed with suspicion”. However, it is true that the results from models of time-series data reveal additional complexities not obvious in cross-sectional analysis of mobility and migration.
Peak nasal inspiratory flow and peak expiratory flow. Upright and sitting values in an adult population.

BACKGROUND Nasal obstruction is correlated with a decreased quality of life . An easy way to evaluate nasal patency is the peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurement. Normal PNIF values have been published by many authors. However, some authors evaluated volunteers in a sitting position, while others have measured PNIF values in standing volunteers. Body position has been shown to influence pulmonary function, with differences between sitting and upright positions. As nasal and pulmonary flows are strictly related, the present pilot study tried to establish whether PNIF/PEF changed with body position in adults. METHODOLOGY PNIF and PEF were measured in sitting and standing positions with the order of testing randomized in 76 healthy volunteers, 30 male (40 ± 16 years). RESULTS In the group as a whole between sitting and upright position, PEF was significantly different (p=0.009), while PNIF showed a trend towards a significant difference (p=0.10). CONCLUSIONS The present study, although showing a generally positive effect of the standing position on PEF values, does not show a clear effect on PNIF.
Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Depressed Mothers with Cerebral Palsy Children

Objectives: Findings Demonstrated that Parent of Children With Cerebral Palsy Experience Elevated Level of Distress, Depression, Anxiety, Posttraumatic Stress Symptom and Subjective Symptom of Stress. Depression is a common condition that typically has a relapsing course. Effective interventions targeting relapse have the potential to dramatically reduce the point prevalence of the condition. Many of studies have shown that Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an intervention that has shown efficacy in reducing Depression syndrome and depressive relapse. In This Study, Effectiveness of Mindfulness –Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on Reduction of Depression in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy was examined.
Viability of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria in distribution lines of treated sewage effluent used for irrigation.

Viability of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria (MARB) in tertiary treated sewage effluent (TTSE) used for irrigation, was investigated at the Sultan Qaboos University sewage treatment plant (STP). This water recycle system is used here as a model for the systems commonly used throughout Oman and the Gulf region. Samples of TTSE were collected weekly from four sites, 1.5 km from each other. Chlorine levels declined gradually at the three sites with increasing distance from the STP. Viable bacteria, coliforms and nitrate concentrations increased significantly while biological oxygen demand (BOD) declined after STP chlorination. Mean values of turbidity changed slightly. Trace elements values were insignificant. A total of 336 bacteria from 8 genera revealed that the dominant isolates were Enterobacter spp. , Pseudomonas spp. , and Aeromonas spp. Among the isolates 59.8% were multiply resistant to several antibiotics. Resistance was higher to ampicillin followed by sulphamethoxazole, carbenicillin, streptomycine and minocycline. Frequency of resistance to the 14 antibiotics varied among the isolates. The present system related to the viability of MARB in TTSE used for irrigation may have serious implications for public health and wildlife. Results of this investigation will be of value in modifying current STPs systems and thus avoiding serious health issues.
Low back pain in elite rhythmic gymnasts.

BACKGROUND Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that blends the athleticism of a gymnast with the grace of a ballerina. The sport demands both the coordination of handling various apparatus and the flexibility to attain positions not seen in any other sport. To attain perfection and reproducibility of their routines, the athletes must practice and repeat the basic elements of their routines thousands of times. In so doing, the athlete places herself at risk of a myriad of overuse injuries, the most common being low back pain. METHODS To document the presence and severity of low back pain in elite rhythmic gymnasts, a prospective study of seven national team members was undertaken that documented injuries and complaints with daily medical reports over a 7-wk period. These findings were correlated with a retrospective review of 11 elite level gymnasts followed over a 10-month period whose complaints ultimately required evaluation by a physician. RESULTS Eighty-six percent of the gymnasts in the prospective study complained of back pain at some point over the course of the study. The only injury recorded that required a time loss from sport was a low back injury. The most common complaint requiring a physician's evaluation was low back pain with the diagnoses varying from muscle strains to bony stress reaction or complete fracture of the pars inter-articularis (spondylolysis). No athlete had a spondylolisthesis or ruptured disk. Two had mild scolioses which did not appear to be associated with their low back pain. CONCLUSIONS It would appear that rhythmic gymnasts are at relative increased risk of suffering low back complaints secondary to their sport.
A systematic review comparing antiretroviral adherence descriptive and intervention studies conducted in the USA

Abstract We examined the extent to which studies aimed at testing interventions to improve antiretroviral adherence have targeted the facilitators of and barriers known to affect adherence. Of the 88 reports reviewed, 41 were reports of descriptive studies conducted with US HIV-positive women and 47 were reports of intervention studies conducted with US HIV-positive persons. We extracted from the descriptive studies all findings addressing any factor linked to antiretroviral adherence and from the intervention studies, information on the nature of the intervention, the adherence problem targeted, the persons targeted for the intervention, and the intervention outcomes desired. We discerned congruence between the prominence of substance abuse as a factor identified in the descriptive studies as a barrier to adherence and its prominence as the problem most addressed in those reports of intervention studies that specified the problems targeted for intervention. We also discerned congruence between the prominence of family and provider support as factors identified in the descriptive studies as facilitators of adherence and the presence of social support as an intervention component and outcome variable. Less discernible in the reports of intervention studies was specific attention to other factors prominent in the descriptive studies, which may be due to the complex nature of the problem, individualistic and rationalist slant of interventions, or simply the ways interventions were presented. Our review raises issues about niche standardization and intervention tailoring, targeting, and fidelity.
Applying Salutogenesis to the Experiences of Students with Disabilities in the Netherlands

Students with disabilities face several barriers during their academic lives. However, as many of them manage to access a variety of resources, their experiences can be examined through the lens of salutogenesis, which is employed to analyze the mechanisms whereby people succeed in preserving their wellbeing while dealing with stress and difficulties. This study seeks to explain how students with disabilities identify and use resources to reach their academic goals, and to understand how their sense of coherence (namely, a global orientation that expresses the extent to which a person feels that the world is comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful) developed over time. This exploratory study has a dual focus: to test the applicability of salutogenesis to students with disabilities and to investigate their life experiences. A life course perspective has been adopted to allow for an in-depth exploration of the life histories of 11 students with disabilities at Wageningen University. After the participants designed a timeline of their life, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The identified general resistance resources included social support and supportive environments, as well as flexibility, persistence, and awareness of their own skills and limits. Specific resistance resources ranged from aids and treatments to institutional services and disease information. Such resources were identified through reflexive processes that led the students to understand first the stressors that they were facing and then the resources that they needed to deal with these stressors. Finally, some recommendations for disability services providers are reported.
The KDEL Receptor Regulates a GTPase-activating Protein for ADP-ribosylation Factor 1 by Interacting with Its Non-catalytic Domain*

ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is a key regulator of transport in the secretory system. Like all small GTPases, deactivation of ARF1 requires a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that promotes hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on ARF1. Structure-function analysis of a GAP for ARF1 revealed that its activity in vivo requires not only a domain that catalyzes hydrolysis of GTP on ARF1 but also a non-catalytic domain. In this study, we show that the non-catalytic domain of GAP is required for its recruitment from cytosol to membranes and that this domain mediates the interaction of GAP with the transmembrane KDEL receptor. Blocking its interaction with the KDEL receptor leaves the GAP cytosolic and prevents the deactivation in vivo of Golgi-localized ARF1. Thus, these findings suggest that the KDEL receptor plays a critical role in the function of GAP by regulating its recruitment from cytosol to membranes, where it can then act on its membrane-restricted target, the GTP-bound form of ARF1.
Dedicated Orthopaedic Operating Rooms: Beneficial to Patients and Providers Alike

Objective: Dedicated orthopaedic operating rooms (DOORs) are increasingly popular solutions to reducing after-hours procedures, physician fatigue, and elective schedule disruptions. Although the benefits to surgeons are well understood, there are comparatively few studies that explore the effects of DOORs on patient care. We compared treatments and outcomes for all consecutive patients with femoral neck fractures, 4 years before and 4 years after implementation of a DOOR-based schedule. Design: Retrospective case–control study. Setting: Level 1 academic trauma center. Patients: A total of 111 consecutive trauma patients undergoing surgical management of isolated OTA group 31-B femoral neck fractures. Intervention: Based on individual patient factors and fracture characteristics, patients were managed with either hemiarthroplasty or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Main Outcome Measures: Surgical timing, intervention type, perioperative complications, and postoperative length of stay. Results: Retrospective analysis revealed a significant decrease in after-hour surgery (4 PM–7:30 AM) for all femoral neck fractures (66.7%–19.3%; P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the rates of arthroplasty versus those of open reduction internal fixation. Patients undergoing surgical treatment for femoral neck fractures after DOOR suffered significantly fewer morbidities, including significantly decreased rates of postoperative intensive care unit admissions, stroke, infections, and myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure exacerbations. We also observed a significant decrease in postoperative mortality (5.6% pre-DOOR vs. 0% post-DOOR; P = 0.04). Patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty experienced a significant shorter hospitalization (14.5 days pre-DOOR vs. 9.9 days post-DOOR; P = 0.04). Conclusions: In our experience, a weekday DOOR is closely associated with improvements in both patient safety and outcomes. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Domain organization of Legionella effector SetA

Legionella pneumophila is a human pathogen causing severe pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease. Multiple Legionella effectors are type IV‐secreted into the host cell to establish a specific vesicular compartment for pathogen replication. Recently, it has been reported that the Legionella effector SetA shares sequence similarity with glycosyltransferases and interferes with vesicular trafficking of host cells. Here we show that SetA possesses glycohydrolase and mono‐O‐glucosyltransferase activity by using UDP‐glucose as a donor substrate. Whereas the catalytic activity is located at the N terminus of SetA, the C terminus (amino acids 401–644) is essential for guidance of SetA to vesicular compartments of host cells. EGFP‐SetA expressed in HeLa cells localizes to early endosomes by interacting with phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate. EGFP‐SetA, transiently expressed in RAW 264.7 macrophages, associates with early phagosomes after infection with Escherichia coli and L. pneumophila. Only the combined expression of the C‐ and N‐terminal domains induces growth defects in yeast similar to full‐length SetA. The data indicate that SetA is a multidomain protein with an N‐terminal glucosyltransferase domain and a C‐terminal phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate‐binding domain, which guides the Legionella effector to the surface of the Legionella‐containing vacuole. Both, the localization and the glucosyltransferase domains of SetA are crucial for cellular functions.
International Monetary Regimes and the German Model

The end of the Bretton Woods regime and the fall of the Iron Curtain deepened the export orientation of the German model of the economy. Only after entry into the Monetary Union, however, did rising exports turn into a persistent export-import gap that became a problem for other eurozone economies. This Discussion Paper shows why the present asymmetric euro regime will not be able to enforce their structural transformation on the German model. Neither will German governments be able to respond to demands that would bring the performance of the German economy closer to eurozone averages. Instead, it is more likely that present initiatives for financial and fiscal risk sharing will transform the Monetary Union into a transfer union.
Dental development in Apert syndrome.

OBJECTIVE Apert syndrome has been extensively studied and described. However, an area that has not been studied is the dental development of these individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of the dentition and compare it with that of unaffected children. There appears to be clinical observations indicating delayed eruption of the permanent teeth in the Apert child. METHODS This retrospective study examined all Apert syndrome patients from four craniofacial centers who had a panoramic radiograph taken before the age of 16 years. Thirty-six individuals, 19 boys and 17 girls ranging in age from 4.1 to 15.8 (mean = 9.3) years were examined. The seven left mandibular permanent teeth, second molar to central incisor, were rated on an eight-stage scale (A-H) using methods described by Demirjian and Goldstein (1976). The stage of each tooth was converted to the corresponding numeric value, and then all seven values were added to obtain a dental maturity score, which corresponded to a dental age, based on the sample of 4500+ normal children of the Demirjian et al. study. The dental age and chronologic age were length of delay was also determined. RESULTS Thirty-one of 36 individuals had a dental age lower than their chronologic age. Compared to the normal sample, the mean developmental dental delay was 0.96 years (p < .001). The range in delay was 0.5 years advanced to 2.9 years delayed. There was a positive correlation to increased age with greater delay in dental development (p < .05). CONCLUSION Our study confirmed our clinical impressions: The results showed a mean developmental delay of 0.96 years, with a trend of increasing delay with increased age. This positive correlation found between increased age and increased delay parallels the general growth of Apert children, with a greater degree of delay as the child grows older.
A configurational approach to the impact of trade fairs and trade missions on firm export activity

Export promotion programmes (EPPs) are argued to support firms’ export activity. However, the empirical evidence for the link between EPPs and exporting is inconclusive. We argue and demonstrate by using fuzzy set methods one can uncover configurations that combine the firm’s participation in specific EPPs, namely trade missions and fairs, together with certain firm-specific characteristics. We base our analysis on a sample of 641 Chilean exporters (2010-2015), and show regression results are mostly insignificant and with a much lower model fit level compared with our fuzzy set analysis. Our main findings illustrate that small, young and non-export-experienced firms gain the most from trade fairs and trade missions, which supports the notion that EPPs provide the information required in export markets. JEL CLASSIFICATION M160; M380; C120
Stereospecific Proton Transfer by a Mobile Catalyst in Mammalian Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase*

Class I fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases catalyze the interconversion between the enamine and iminium covalent enzymatic intermediates by stereospecific exchange of the pro(S) proton of the dihydroxyacetone-phosphate C3 carbon, an obligatory reaction step during substrate cleavage. To investigate the mechanism of stereospecific proton exchange, high resolution crystal structures of native and a mutant Lys146 → Met aldolase were solved in complex with dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The structural analysis revealed trapping of the enamine intermediate at Lys229 in native aldolase. Mutation of conserved active site residue Lys146 to Met drastically decreased activity and enabled trapping of the putative iminium intermediate in the crystal structure showing active site attachment by C-terminal residues 360-363. Attachment positions the conserved C-terminal Tyr363 hydroxyl within 2.9Å of the C3 carbon in the iminium in an orientation consistent with incipient re face proton transfer. We propose a catalytic mechanism by which the mobile C-terminal Tyr363 is activated by the iminium phosphate via a structurally conserved water molecule to yield a transient phenate, whose developing negative charge is stabilized by a Lys146 positive charge, and which abstracts the C3 pro(S) proton forming the enamine. An identical C-terminal binding mode observed in the presence of phosphate in the native structure corroborates Tyr363 interaction with Lys146 and is consistent with transient C terminus binding in the enamine. The absence of charge stabilization and of a mobile C-terminal catalyst explains the extraordinary stability of enamine intermediates in transaldolases.
Mixed Candida albicans and Candida glabrata populations associated with the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis.

INTRODUCTION Oral yeasts are an important component of the resident microbial ecology of the oral cavity, but they are also associated with various forms of oral candidosis, such as denture stomatitis. Although Candida albicans is the predominant oral fungal pathogen, other species may also play an integral role in pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the mycological ecology in patients with denture stomatitis, using an improved sampling technique, to determine whether species diversity and species quantity were related to oral pathology. METHODS Thirty-seven patients attending the Glasgow Dental Hospital were enrolled in this study following informed consent. A full clinical history was obtained, including details of their oral hygiene practices and the levels of erythema based on Newton's classification scale. Oral rinse, denture sonicate, and swab samples were taken, which were processed for quantitative and qualitative analysis of oral yeasts. RESULTS The proportion of patients with no inflammation or Newton's Types I, II, and III were 31, 33, 25, and 14%, respectively. Denture sonication was a superior sampling procedure, with statistically greater quantities of yeasts isolated using this methodology (P < 0.01). The predominant oral yeasts isolated were C. albicans (75%) and Candida glabrata (30%), which were isolated in higher proportions in patients with the highest grades of inflammation (100 and 80%), and in combination from 80% of these patients. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that mixed C. albicans and C. glabrata biofilms may play an important role in the pathogenesis associated with severe inflammation in denture wearers.
Unexpected Expression of Intermediate Filament Protein Genes in Human Oligodendroglioma Cell Lines

From a human oligodendroglioma cell line cDNA library, ten intermediate filament (IF) cDNA clones were isolated. Five clones corresponded to vimentin mRNA, two corresponded to cytokeratin K7 mRNA, and two corresponded to cytokeratin K8 mRNA. One clone encoded a novel IF mRNA. The expression of these and other IF protein genes was examined in five cell lines derived from human oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma and neuroblastoma tumors. Vimentin mRNA and K18 mRNA were expressed in all the cell lines. The K7 and K8 genes were expressed only in the oligodendroglioma cell lines. Surprisingly, nestin mRNA was expressed in the astrocytoma lines and the neuroblastoma line, but was not expressed in the oligodendroglioma lines. These results indicate that oligodendroglioma cell lines express Types I and II cytokeratin genes. This pattern of IF gene expression was different from that of the astrocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines, which expressed IF genes usually associated with the mature cell types or with differentiating fetal neural precursor cells, i.e. GFAP and neurofilament-L. The results also suggest that the oligodendroglioma cell lines are more epithelial in character and do not reflect the gene expression of mature oligodendrocytes.
Lithium use and discontinuation in a health maintenance organization.

OBJECTIVE For decades, lithium has been prescribed to treat bipolar disorder. Its efficacy has been documented by clinical trials and by data from specialized clinics. An issue of considerable interest is the use of lithium in managed care systems. This project examined the use of lithium and its continuity of use by enrollees of a health maintenance organization (HMO). METHOD In a 6-year longitudinal cohort study, 1,594 lithium users aged 15 years and older who were enrolled in an HMO were followed from 1986-1991. Data were obtained from automated databases and from medical record review of a random 5% subsample of the group (N = 74). RESULTS Bipolar disorder was the most frequent morbidity treated. Eighty-four percent (N = 62 or 74) received services from a psychiatrist. Annual prevalence of lithium use increased over the 6-year period from 1.4 to 2.3 persons per thousand HMO members. Duration of use varied widely with some long-term but many short-term users. Discontinuation of treatment was associated with evaluated rates of psychiatric hospitalization and use of psychiatric emergency services. Lithium users were much more likely to receive a variety of other psychotropic drugs than nonusers of the same sex and age. CONCLUSIONS Lithium use in this population was more often sporadic than continuous. Discontinuation of lithium was associated with psychiatric hospitalization. If lithium is to be a cost-effective treatment for bipolar disorder, managed care systems will need to improve adherence to drug treatment regimens.