Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carrying a rifle with both hands affects upper body transverse plane kinematics and pelvis–trunk coordination

The purpose of this study was to assess how carrying a rifle in both hands affects upper body motion and coordination during locomotion. In total, 11 male soldiers walked (1.34 m/s) and ran (2.46 m/s) with a weapon (M4 condition) and without a weapon (NW condition) while kinematic pelvis and trunk data were collected. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare segmental ranges of motion (ROM), pelvis–trunk coordination (continuous relative phase) and coordination variability between gait mode and weapon combinations. Carrying a weapon decreased sagittal plane trunk ROM at both speeds and increased trunk rotation during running. Mean (±SD) transverse plane coordination was more in-phase while carrying a weapon (M4 = 83°±31, NW = 60°±36, p = 0.027) and transverse plane coordination variability decreased (M4 = 23°±3.6, NW = 15°±4.4, p = 0.043). Coordination differences between M4 and NW were similar to differences reported in the literature between individuals with and without back pain. Long-term injury implications due to decreased coordination variability are discussed. Statement of Relevance: Knowledge of the effects of rifle carriage on pelvis–trunk coordination may provide insight into short-term protective strategies and long-term injury mechanisms. These should be considered in occupations requiring individuals to carry torso loads in combination with holding an object in both hands that restricts arm swing.
Streptococcus pneumoniae in human immunodeficiency virus type 1‐infected children

The purpose of this study was to characterize systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae disease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children. All cases of bacteremia and meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae among children less than 18 years old were collected by review of the Microbiology Laboratory records at the Bellevue Hospital Center during the period August 1, 1978, through July 31, 1993. There were 31 bouts of systemic S. pneumoniae disease in 19 of 235 HIV-1-infected children cared for by the Pediatric Infectious Disease staff and 116 bouts in 113 children not known to be HIV-1-infected. Four of the 19 HIV-1-infected children had multiple episodes of S. pneumoniae bacteremia as compared with 3 of 113 in the general population (P = 0.008). The frequency of serotypes and distribution of infections by season of the year did not differ between the 2 groups. The median ages at the time of the S. pneumoniae infection were 1.8 and 1.1 years for the HIV-1-infected children and the general population of children, respectively, when those children with multiple episodes were included for their initial episode only (P = 0.06). In the HIV-1-infected patients, 10 episodes were associated with pneumonia, 5 with pneumonia and otitis media, 5 with otitis media only, 1 with pneumonia and meningitis, 1 with meningitis only and 1 with periorbital cellulitis; 5 had no apparent focus of infection. One episode of pneumonia was complicated by lung abscess and there were 2 deaths. Most HIV-1-infected patients recovered without significant sequelae, and the clinical course of their systemic infections did not appear to be markedly different than that of healthy children.
Versatile two‐state land mobile satellite channel model with first application to DVB‐SH analysis

Standardization activities on Digital Video Broadcasting–Satellite services to Handheld Devices (DVB‐SH) have driven the need for a consolidated Land Mobile Satellite (LMS) narrowband channel model. In the DVB‐SH system, the satellite broadcasts a signal carrying multimedia services aimed directly to a variety of mobile (handheld or vehicular) and fixed terminals.
MiR-144 overexpression as a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome glioblastoma cell invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapy.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and common form of primary brain tumor, characterized by fast proliferation, high invasion, and resistance to current standard treatment. The average survival rate post-diagnosis is only of 14.6 months, despite the aggressive standard post-surgery treatment approaches of radiotherapy concomitant with chemotherapy with temozolomide. Altered cell metabolism has been identified as an emerging cancer hallmark, including in glioblastoma, thus offering a new target for cancer therapies. On the other hand, abnormal expression levels of miRNAs, key regulators of multiple molecular pathways, have been correlated with pathological manifestations of cancer, such as chemoresistance, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. In this work, we hypothesized that gene therapy based on modulation of a miRNA with aberrant expression in glioblastoma and predicted to target crucial metabolic enzymes might impair tumor cell metabolism. We found that the increase of miR-144 levels, shown to be downregulated in U87 and DBTRG human glioblastoma cell lines, as well as in glioblastoma tumor samples, promoted the downregulation of mRNA of enzymes involved in bioenergetic pathways, with consequent alterations in cell metabolism, impairment of migratory capacity, and sensitization of DBTRG cells to a chemotherapeutic drug, the dichloroacetate. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that the miR-144 plus dichloroacetate combined therapy holds promise to overcome glioblastoma acquired chemoresistance, therefore deserving to be explored towards its potential application as a complementary therapeutic approach to the current treatment options for this type of brain tumor.
A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany

The Late Jurassic ‘Solnhofen Limestones’ are famous for their exceptionally preserved fossils, including the urvogel Archaeopteryx, which has played a pivotal role in the discussion of bird origins. Here we describe a new, non-archaeopterygid avialan from the Lower Tithonian Mörnsheim Formation of the Solnhofen Archipelago, Alcmonavis poeschli gen. et sp. nov. Represented by a right wing, Alcmonavis shows several derived characters, including a pronounced attachment for the pectoralis muscle, a pronounced tuberculum bicipitale radii, and a robust second manual digit, indicating that it is a more derived avialan than Archaeopteryx. Several modifications, especially in muscle attachments of muscles that in modern birds are related to the downstroke of the wing, indicate an increased adaptation of the forelimb for active flapping flight in the early evolution of birds. This discovery indicates higher avialan diversity in the Late Jurassic than previously recognized.
A songbird compensates for wing molt during escape flights by reducing the molt gap and increasing angle of attack

ABSTRACT During molt, birds replace their feathers to retain feather quality and maintain flight performance. However, wing gaps inherent of this process can also reduce flight capacities, which could be detrimental when foraging or escaping predators. Still, many bird species will not cease their normal activities when molting. In this study, we investigated whether and how birds adjust their escape flight behavior to compensate for the reduction in performance when flying with wing gaps. Using stereoscopic high-speed videography, we filmed 146 upward-directed escape flights of 19 and 22 pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) with and without simulated molt gaps, respectively. We then reconstructed the three-dimensional body and wing movements throughout each maneuver. By comparing flights with and without gaps, we determined how wing molt gaps affected wing morphology and escape flight performance, and how the birds adjusted their flight kinematics in order to negate possible negative aerodynamic effects. Our manipulations resulted in a lower second moment of area of the wings, but flight speed and net aerodynamic force production did not differ between the two groups. We found that in manipulated birds, the size of the gap was reduced as the flight feathers adjacent to the gap had moved towards each other. Moreover, the experimental decrease in second moment of area was associated with an increase in angle of attack, whereas changes in wingbeat-induced speeds were associated with variations in aerodynamic force production. This suggests that the control of escape flight in molting birds might be modular, allowing relatively simple flight control, thus reducing the burden on the neuro-muscular flight control system. Highlighted Article: To compensate for the detrimental aerodynamic effect of wing molt on flight, upward escaping pied flycatchers reduce the molt gap size and increase the angle of attack of the wing.
Glucose Is Necessary for Embryonic Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Differentiation*

Mature pancreatic cells develop during embryonic life from endodermal progenitors, and this developmental process depends on activation of a hierarchy of transcription factors. While information is available on mesodermal signals controlling pancreas development, little is known about environmental factors, such as the levels of nutrients including glucose, that may control this process. Here, we studied the effects of glucose on pancreatic cells development. We used an in vitro model where both endocrine and acinar cells develop from early pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1)-positive embryonic pancreatic progenitors. We first showed that glucose does not have a major effect on global pancreatic cell proliferation, survival, and acinar cell development. On the other hand, glucose controlled both alpha and beta cell development. Specifically, the surface occupied by insulin-positive cells was 20-fold higher in pancreases cultured in presence than in absence of glucose, and this effect was dose-dependent over the range 0.5-10 mm. Glucose did not appear to control beta cell development by activating the proliferation of early progenitors or beta cells themselves but instead tightly regulated cell differentiation. Thus, glucose did not modify the pattern of expression of Neurogenin3, the earliest marker of endocrine progenitor cells, but was necessary for the expression of the transcription factor NeuroD, a direct target of Neurogenin3 known to be important for proper pancreatic endocrine cell development. We conclude that glucose interferes with the pancreatic endocrine cells development by regulating the transition between Ngn3 and upstream NeuroD.
Downregulation of CCNA2 disturbs trophoblast migration, proliferation, and apoptosis during the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as two or more pregnancy losses until 24 weeks of gestation, which distresses up to 1‐5% of couples worldwide. Cyclin A2 (CCNA2) regulates the cell cycle by promoting transition through G1/S and G2/M. Little is known about CCNA2’s functions in trophoblast, although it is highly expressed in the placenta. We therefore sought to explore the role of CCNA2 in RM and early pregnancy.
Longitudinal research on consumers' trust in B2C E-business

Little empirical studies have addressed trust, satisfaction and loyalty in e-business from a longitudinal perspective, as well as the examination of trusting beliefs evolution over time. This research presents a dynamic model for understanding the process by which consumers' trust evolves over time in B2C E-business. This model bridges trusting intention, satisfaction and e-loyalty and examines the process of trust development from one period to the next. The empirical research results showed that, online consumers' trusting intention at pre-purchase stage significantly positively affected their satisfaction at post-purchase stage, which indirectly positively affected their e-loyalty at last, almost completely mediated by their relationship commitment to the B2C e-vendor. During the process by which consumers' trust evolves over time, the three dimensions of trusting belief (integrity, ability and benevolence) didn't have the parallel effect on online consumers' satisfaction and e-loyalty. Although integrity and ability belief remarkably positively influenced satisfaction and e-loyalty, the effect of benevolence belief showed insignificant.
Getting Back to Normal: A Grounded Theory Study of Function in Post-hospitalized Older Adults.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The literature on transitions after hospitalization is based on a medicalized model focusing primarily on medication management and readmission, but little is known about the process older adults engage in to maintain their normal life posthealth event or how older adults define what the transition is. This grounded theory study aimed to describe how older adults understand and define a transition process, what actions they take based on their understanding, and what consequences they experience as they transition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adults aged 65 and older discharged from a large Midwestern teaching hospital (N = 14) were interviewed using in-depth one-on-one interviews. Data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. RESULTS All participants described the process of transition as moving from a state of normal function to loss, and then working back to a normal state. A conceptual model was developed to illustrate the complexity of movement related to how older adults understand and manage the transition. All participants described starting out being normal until they experienced a major health event (acute or chronic illness). Losing normal involved experiencing a lower level of function both inside and outside the home. Working back to normal was accomplished by two different pathways: those "working to regain" focused on getting back to the level they were at prior to the major health event, whereas those "working to maintain" often involved redefining a new normal. The consequences of the two pathways were quite different, with those working to maintain describing several negative consequences. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides a detailed understanding of how older adults transition and the complexity of that transition. Findings provide a foundation for broadening our understanding of function beyond typical activities of daily living and reveal a more complex transition process that can span months to years.
Material stiffness variation in mosquito antennae

The antennae of mosquitoes are model systems for acoustic sensation, in that they obey general principles for sound detection, using both active feedback mechanisms and passive structural adaptations. However, the biomechanical aspect of the antennal structure is much less understood than the mechano-electrical transduction. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we measured the fluorescent properties of the antennae of two species of mosquito—Toxorhynchites brevipalpis and Anopheles arabiensis—and, noting that fluorescence is correlated with material stiffness, we found that the structure of the antenna is not a simple beam of homogeneous material, but is in fact a rather more complex structure with spatially distributed discrete changes in material properties. These present as bands or rings of different material in each subunit of the antenna, which repeat along its length. While these structures may simply be required for structural robustness of the antennae, we found that in FEM simulation, these banded structures can strongly affect the resonant frequencies of cantilever-beam systems, and therefore taken together our results suggest that modulating the material properties along the length of the antenna could constitute an additional mechanism for resonant tuning in these species.
Projections of the medial preoptic nucleus: A Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin anterograde tract‐tracing study in the rat

The projections of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) were examined by making injections of the anterogradely transported lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) into the MPN and charting the distribution of labeled fibers. The evidence indicates that the MPN projects extensively to widely distributed regions in both the forebrain and brainstem, most of which also supply inputs to the nucleus. An important neuroendocrine role for the MPN is underscored by its extensive projections to almost all parts of the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus, including the anteroventral periventricular, anterior part of the periventricular, paraventricular (PVH), and arcuate nuclei, and a role in autonomic mechanisms is indicated by projections to such regions as the dorsal and lateral parvicellular parts of the PVH, the lateral parabrachial nucleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Other projections of the MPN suggest participation in the initiation of specific motivated behaviors. For example, inputs to two nuclei of the medial zone of the hypothalamus, the ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei, may be related to the control of reproductive and ingestive behaviors, respectively, although the possible functional significance of a strong projection to the ventral premammillary nucleus is presently unclear. The execution of these behaviors may involve activation of somatomotor regions via projections to the substantia innominata, zona incerta, ventral tegmental area, and pedunculopontine nucleus. Similarly, inputs to other regions that project directly to the spinal cord, such as the periaqueductal gray, the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, certain medullary raphe nuclei, and the magnocellular reticular nucleus may also be involved in modulating somatic and/or autonomic reflexes. Finally, the MPN may influence a wide variety of physiological mechanisms and behaviors through its massive projections to areas like the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the lateral hypothalamic area, the supramammillary nucleus, and the ventral tegmental area, all of which have extensive connections with regions along the medial forebrain bundle.
“My Surgical Success”: Effect of a Digital Behavioral Pain Medicine Intervention on Time to Opioid Cessation After Breast Cancer Surgery—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract Objective This study aims to assess the feasibility of digital perioperative behavioral pain medicine intervention in breast cancer surgery and evaluate its impact on pain catastrophizing, pain, and opioid cessation after surgery. Design and Setting A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Stanford University (Palo Alto, CA, USA) comparing a digital behavioral pain medicine intervention (“My Surgical Success” [MSS]) with digital general health education (HE). Participants A convenience sample of 127 participants were randomized to treatment group. The analytic sample was 68 patients (N = 36 MSS, N = 32 HE). Main Outcomes The primary outcome was feasibility and acceptability of a digital behavioral pain medicine intervention (80% threshold for acceptability items). Secondary outcomes were pain catastrophizing, past seven-day average pain intensity, and time to opioid cessation after surgery for patients who initiated opioid use. Results The attrition rate for MSS intervention (44%) was notably higher than for HE controls (18%), but it was lower than typical attrition rates for e-health interventions (60–80%). Despite greater attrition for MSS, feasibility was demonstrated for the 56% of MSS engagers, and the 80% threshold for acceptability was met. We observed a floor effect for baseline pain catastrophizing, and no significant group differences were found for postsurgical pain catastrophizing or pain intensity. MSS was associated with 86% increased odds of opioid cessation within the 12-week study period relative to HE controls (hazard ratio = 1.86, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–3.10, P = 0.016). Conclusions Fifty-six percent of patients assigned to MSS engaged with the online platform and reported high satisfaction. MSS was associated with significantly accelerated opioid cessation after surgery (five-day difference) with no difference in pain report relative to controls. Perioperative digital behavioral pain medicine may be a low-cost, accessible adjunct that could promote opioid cessation after breast cancer surgery.
Aging Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Manifest Profound Epigenetic Reprogramming of Enhancers That May Predispose to Leukemia.

Aging is associated with functional decline of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) as well as an increased risk of myeloid malignancies. We performed an integrative characterization of epigenomic and transcriptomic changes, including single-cell RNA-seq, during normal human aging. Lineage-CD34+CD38- cells (HSC-enriched, HSCe) undergo age-associated epigenetic reprogramming consisting of redistribution of DNA methylation and reductions in H3K27ac, H3K4me1 and H3K4me3. This reprogramming of aged HSCe globally targets developmental and cancer pathways which are comparably altered in AML of all ages; encompassing loss of 4,656 active enhancers, 3,091 bivalent promoters, and deregulation of several epigenetic modifiers and key hematopoietic transcription factors, such as KLF6, BCL6 and RUNX3. Notably, in vitro downregulation of KLF6 results in impaired differentiation, increased colony forming potential and changes in expression that recapitulate aging and leukemia signatures. Thus, age-associated epigenetic reprogramming may form a predisposing condition for the development of age-related AML.
Cisplatin‐lnduced peripheral neurotoxicity is dependent on total‐dose intensity and single‐dose intensity

The authors prospectively evaluated the effects of three different schedules of cisplatin (DDP) administration in 60 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. The individual total dose of DDP was 450 mg/m2 in all three groups, and the anti‐cancer response at the end of treatment was similar for the different regimens. The clinical and neurophysiologic results confirmed that axonal sensory neuropathy occurred after the standard administration of DDP (75 mg/m2 in 3‐week cycles) and probably not only the peripheral, but also the central sensory pathway, was involved. Although the total dose of the drug was identical, the two less conventional schedules were less neurotoxic. These results suggest that not only the total‐dose intensity, but also the single‐dose intensity are relevant in the onset of DDP‐induced sensory neuropathy; therefore, the use of less neurotoxic schedules may prevent or reduce sensory nerve damage.
The New AJCC Guidelines in Practice: Utility of the MITF Immunohistochemical Stain in the Evaluation of Single-cell Metastasis in Melanoma Sentinel Lymph Nodes

The American Joint Commission on Cancer 2010 guideline changes recommend all patients with single-cell melanoma metastasis identified by immunhistochemical staining of sentinel lymph nodes to be classified as N1 stage. In this study we evaluated the utility of adding microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) to our current sentinel node evaluation protocol. Twenty benign lymph nodes from nonmelanoma patients were stained with MITF, MART-1/Melan-A, and HMB-45. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained and immunohistochemically stained slides were assessed for the frequency of positive staining, pattern and location of staining, and for the presence of pigment within the node. Fifteen of 20 (75%) lymph nodes evaluated showed >1 cell staining with MITF in variable locations and patterns throughout the lymph node. MART-1/Melan-A-positive cells were identified in 4 of 20 cases (20.0%), mostly in the sinusoidal location (3/4). Fifty percent (10/20) of the lymph nodes contained cells that stained positive for HMB-45. Nine of 10 of the HMB-45-positive cells were in a sinusoidal location corresponding to easily discernible pigmented histiocytes. We conclude that MITF stains nonmelanocytic cells in benign lymph nodes 75% of the time. MITF has a much higher rate of positive staining in benign lymph nodes compared with MART-1/Melan-A, which had positive staining only 20% of the time. MITF showed 2 different staining patterns, type A and type B. Both patterns could be difficult to distinguish from true metastasis, and thus adding MITF to sentinel node evaluation panels is not helpful and may be histologically vexing.