Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chocolate Consumption in Pregnancy and Reduced Likelihood of Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy complication with cardiovascular manifestations. Recent studies suggest that chocolate consumption may benefit cardiovascular health. Methods: We studied the association of chocolate consumption with risk of preeclampsia in a prospective cohort study of 2291 pregnant women who delivered a singleton livebirth between September 1996 and January 2000. Chocolate consumption was measured by self report in the first and third trimesters, and by umbilical cord serum concentrations of theobromine, the major methylxanthine component of chocolate. Preeclampsia was assessed by detailed medical record review for 1943 of the women. We derived adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from logistic regression models controlling for potential confounders. Results: Preeclampsia developed in 3.7% (n = 63) of 1681 women. Cord serum theobromine concentrations were negatively associated with preeclampsia (aOR = 0.31; CI = 0.11–0.87 for highest compared with lowest quartile). Self-reported chocolate consumption estimates also were inversely associated with preeclampsia. Compared with women consuming under 1 serving of chocolate weekly, women consuming 5+ servings per week had decreased risk: aOR = 0.81 with consumption in the first 3 months of pregnancy (CI = 0.37–1.79) and 0.60 in the last 3 months (0.30–1.24). Conclusions: Our results suggest that chocolate consumption during pregnancy may lower risk of preeclampsia. However, reverse causality may also contribute to these findings.
Immune markers, diurnal blood pressure profile and cardiac function in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients

Abstract Purpose: Non-dipping nocturnal blood pressure (BP) pattern has been reported prevalent among HIV-infected patients and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The aims of this observational study were to identify predictors of nocturnal BP decline, and to explore whether diurnal BP profile is associated with alterations in cardiac structure and function. Materials and methods: A total of 108 treated HIV-infected patients with suppressed viremia underwent ambulatory BP measurement, 51 of these patients also underwent echocardiography. Results: Non-dipping nocturnal BP pattern was present in 51% of the patients. Decreased nocturnal decline in systolic BP (SBP) correlated with lower CD4 count (rsp = 0.21, p = 0.032) and lower CD4/CD8 ratio (rsp = 0.26, p = 0.008). In multivariate linear regression analyses, lower BMI (p = 0.015) and CD4/CD8 ratio <0.4 (p = 0.010) remained independent predictors of nocturnal decline in SBP. Nocturnal decline in SBP correlated with impaired diastolic function, e’ (r = 0.28, p = 0.049) as did nadir CD4 count (rsp = 0.38, p = 0.006). In multivariate linear regression analyses, nadir CD4 count <100 cells/μL (p = 0.037) and age (p < 0.001) remained independent predictors of e’. Conclusions: Compromised immune status may contribute to attenuated diurnal BP profile as well as impaired diastolic function in well-treated HIV infection.
Serum Vitamin D and Subsequent Occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Low vitamin D status has been suggested as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although the epidemiologic evidence is scarce, 2 recent studies have suggested an association. The present study investigated the relation of serum vitamin D with type 2 diabetes incidence using pooled data from these 2 cohorts. Methods: Two nested case-control studies, collected by the Finnish Mobile Clinic in 1973–1980, were pooled for analysis. The study populations consisted of men and women aged 40–74 years and free of diabetes at baseline. During a follow-up period of 22 years, 412 incident type 2 diabetes cases occurred, and 986 controls were selected by individual matching. Serum vitamin D (serum 25(OH)D) was determined from frozen samples, stored at baseline. Pooled estimates of the relationship between serum vitamin D concentration and type 2 diabetes incidence were calculated. Results: Men had higher serum vitamin D concentrations than women and showed a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in their highest vitamin D quartile. The relative odds between the highest and lowest quartiles was 0.28 (95% confidence interval = 0.10–0.81) in men and 1.14 (0.60–2.17) in women after adjustment for smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and education. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that high vitamin D status provides protection against type 2 diabetes. Residual confounding may contribute to this association.
Beta-Chemokines in Nasal Secretions of Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Respiratory Infections

Immune mechanisms are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, but the nature of the critical pathways is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if quantities of the beta-chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1α), eotaxin, and regulated on expression, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were different among infants with various forms of illness due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) were obtained from 56 infants and children less than 13 months of age with either upper respiratory illness (URI) alone (n = 25) or lower respiratory tract illness (n = 31) due to RSV infection. Seventeen asymptomatic infants served as controls. Quantities of chemokines in secretions were compared between groups using the t-test after logarithmic transformation of data. Quantities of all three chemokines were increased at the time of RSV infection regardless of whether wheezing was present. However, concentration.
Influence of facial skin attributes on the perceived age of Caucasian women

Background and objective The facial appearance of a person does not always reflect the chronological age; some people look younger or older than they really are. Many studies have described the changes in skin properties (colour, wrinkles, sagging, micro relief, etc.) with age, but few of them have analysed their influence on the perceived age. The primary objective of this study was to assess the contribution of individual skin attributes of the face on the perceived age of Caucasian women. Secondary objectives were to assess the influence of age and gender of graders with regard to the age perception.
Outcome of a psychotherapeutic programme for patients with severe personality disorders

A specialized psychotherapeutic day treatment programme was established in a Danish clinical setting on the basis of recent research and advances in treatment for severe personality disorders. This study analyses treatment effectiveness by comparing the day treatment programme with a treatment as usual (TAU) situation as given to personality-disordered patients on a waiting list. The sample consisted of 66 personality-disordered patients consecutively referred and diagnosed according to standardized criteria. The intervention group comprised 38 patients. There was no selection made for the intervention group: when the programme capacity was reached, a waiting list of 28 consecutive patients formed the comparison group; none of these patients figured in the intervention group. Intervention included psychodynamic and cognitive-based therapy in a group/individual setting and lasted 5 months. Outcome measures were self-rated and observer-rated multidimensional evaluation of functioning relevant to personality-disordered patients. The day treatment programme did significantly better in reducing acute and prolonged hospitalizations and suicide attempts, in stabilizing the psychosocial functioning and in reducing complaints that lead to treatment. The intensive day treatment programme stabilized patient functioning but did not lead to changes on personality traits for which more extended treatment might be necessary.
Drug use and mental health problems among prison inmates—Results from a nation-wide prison population study

Prisons all over the western world are known to be inhabited by a biased sample of the population. More information is needed on how problems in diverse areas interact. The present study investigated how general welfare deficiencies, drug use and mental health problems were related in a representative prison population. Data stem from a level-of-living survey among a nationwide representative sample of Norwegian prison inmates. The sample was drawn randomly from the official register of prison inmates. Data were collected through structured personal interviews (computer assisted). Analyses presented in this paper are based on the male part of the sample (n=225). Only 24% of male prisoners were affected by neither drug use problems nor mental health problems. Investigating the relationship between variables indicated an increasing accumulation of childhood stressors and general welfare deficiencies with increasing drug use and mental health problems. As health problems are intertwined with more general social problems, health promotion among prison inmates is clearly a multidisciplinary task, requiring close collaboration between different service providers and systems of care.
Vascular Brain Disease and Depression in the Elderly

Background: Cross-sectional studies have shown an association between vascular brain disease and depression. Longitudinal data are scarce. In a population-based study we investigated this relationship both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Methods: Brain MRIs were administered to 479 persons aged 60–90 years at baseline (1995–1996). Brain atrophy, white matter lesions and brain infarcts are all markers of vascular brain disease. At baseline and at follow-up examinations, we also identified persons with depressive symptoms and syndromes using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and psychiatric interviews. Medical records were continuously monitored to identify incident depression. Follow-up was complete until October 2005. Results: At baseline, 36 persons had depressive symptoms. Brain atrophy, white matter lesions, and infarcts were associated with presence of depressive symptoms. During follow-up, 92 persons developed depressive symptoms, 35 of whom were categorized as having depressive syndrome. There was no association of any MRI marker with incident depressive symptoms or syndromes. Conclusions: Markers of vascular brain disease were associated with depression cross-sectionally. However, when these markers and risk of depression were assessed longitudinally, no relationship was found.
THERAPEUTIC USE OF ANTIPOLIOMYELITIS SERUM IN PREPARALYTIC CASES OF POLIOMYELITIS

It is now definitely decided that poliomyelitis is due to a true filtrable virus. This is of extreme importance since no disease due to a filtrable virus is known that can be benefited by an antiserum after clinical symptoms have developed. As one reads of the attempts made to cure the disease, one notes that at first the serum was advocated, not only in recently paralyzed persons but in those in whom the paralysis had existed for some days. Thus in France, Netter, in 1915, treated intraspinally thirty-two persons after paralysis had developed and was enthusiastic about the results. Eight of the thirty-two patients died. They had the bulbar type of paralysis. In America, Zingher, in 1916, treated eighty-eight patients at the Willard Parker Hospital. Thirty-eight of these patients died. At the Minturn Hospital he treated eighteen patients who were already paralyzed. Fifteen recovered. Zingher was less enthusiastic than Netter,
Gender differences in first onset Schizophrenia spectrum psychoses

Abstract Background: Mental health profiles differ between boys and girls from puberty onwards. It is not known whether differences also extend to symptom presentation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It may be that girls and boys are not treated entirely equally by the professionals. Aims: To study gender differences in symptom profiles, family adversities, pathway to care, and characteristics of inpatient treatment at the first episode of diagnosed schizophrenia spectrum disorder (F20–29) among adolescents aged 13–17. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all (n = 106) consecutive adolescents diagnosed for the first time with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (F20–29) in a specified catchment area. Girls and boys were compared with regard to sociodemographics, pathways to care, living arrangements, symptom profiles, and treatment received. Results: During the study period more adolescent girls (n = 70, 66%) than boys (n = 36, 34%) were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum (F20–29) psychoses, most commonly F29. Girls were moreover younger (mean age = 15.46) than boys (mean age = 16.62) at admission. Girls more often displayed mood symptoms and boys aggressive behaviours, alcohol abuse problems, and isolation. Family adversities recorded as current stressors were more numerous among girls. Girls were more likely to be referred to specialized after-care than boys. Conclusions: The gender differences observed in symptoms presentation are reminiscent of differences encountered in the general adolescent population. Prior to transition to psychosis, girls and boys are equally in contact with psychiatric services due to other (possibly prodromal) symptoms/disorders. Family adversities may be more stressful for girls vulnerable to psychosis than to boys.
Treatment of refractory pain after brachial plexus avulsion with dorsal root entry zone lesions.

OBJECTIVE: Significant numbers of patients experience intractable pain after brachial plexus root avulsions. Medications and surgical procedures such as amputation of the limb are often not successful in pain treatment. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with intractable pain after traumatic cervical root avulsions were treated with dorsal root entry zone coagulation between 1980 and 1998. The dorsal root entry zone coagulation procedure was performed 4 months to 12 years after the trauma, and patients were monitored for up to 18 years (average follow-up period, 14 yr). RESULTS: Immediately after surgery, 75% of patients experienced significant pain reduction; this value was reduced to 63% during long-term follow-up monitoring. Nine patients experienced major complications, including subdural hematomas (n = 2) and motor weakness of the lower limb (n = 7). Improved coagulation electrodes with thermistors that could produce smaller and more-accurate lesion sizes, which were introduced in 1989, significantly reduced the number of complications. CONCLUSION: Central deafferentation pain that persists and becomes intractable among patients with traumatic cervical root avulsions has been difficult to treat in the past. Long-term follow-up monitoring of patients who underwent the dorsal root entry zone coagulation procedure in the cervical cord indicated that long-lasting satisfactory relief is possible for the majority of individuals, with acceptable morbidity rates.
Treatment of lipoid proteinosis with acitretin: a case report

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The efficacy of psychoeducation on recurrent depression: a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up

Abstract Background: The efficacy of psychoeducation is well documented in the treatment of relapse prevention of schizophrenia, and recently also in bipolar disorder; however, for recurrent depression only few controlled studies focusing on the efficacy of psychoeducation have been conducted. Aims: This randomized study tests the efficacy of treatment-as-usual supplemented with a psychoeducative programme for patients with recurrent depression, treated at Community Mental Health Centres (CMHC) in Denmark. The primary outcome measurements concern was decline in consumption of psychiatric inpatient services and decline in Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Methods: Eighty patients were randomized, either to the psychoeducative programme (consisting of eight sessions, each of 2 hours duration) and 2-year outpatient follow-up (42 cases), or only to 2-year outpatient follow-up (38 controls). The patients were monitored during 2 years after randomization. Data were collected from interviews including BDI, drug treatment and social measurements, and register data concerning use of psychiatric services. Results: At 2-year follow-up, a significant reduction in the consumption of psychiatric inpatient services and in BDI was found; however, it was uniform for case and control patients. Drop-out/non-compliance was significantly more frequent among patients randomized to the control group. Furthermore, during follow-up the case group got a significant stronger attachment to the Labour market than the control group. Conclusions: The primary hypothesis could not be confirmed. Secondary outcome measurements concerning drop-out/non-compliance and attachment to the Labour market were significantly in favour of cases.
‘I think it's a good idea, I just don't know how to do it’: The struggle for PE reform in China

Among the many changes occurring across Chinese society in the early phase of Y2K is the construction and implementation of a new physical education (PE) curriculum. Not unlike recent changes in Australia, New Zealand and the UK, this process has seen a heightening of the emphasis on health. Presented within a wider framework for making the school curriculum more relevant, PE is more closely aligned with China's emerging population health concerns around lifestyle practices of its youth. Foremost here are burgeoning social anxieties about decreased levels of physical activity, poor dietary practices, risk-taking tendencies, and a general shift in focus from ideology to skills. This paper reports on a study undertaken to explore the perceptions of Chinese PE teachers and their engagement with the new PE & Health curriculum. The data reveals a number of structural, personal and cultural factors that work against PE teachers taking up the opportunities presented in the new curriculum. Prominent here are; low professional status, lack of resources, lack of training and the grip of deeply rooted cultural values.
Adaptation and validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to evaluate major depression in a primary care sample in Latvia

Abstract Background: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in primary care settings and is often underdiagnosed and undertreated by general practitioners (GPs). To date, no depression screening instruments have been validated for use in primary care settings in Latvia. The aim of this study was to establish the validity and cutoff score of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among primary care patients in Latvia. Materials and methods: During a one-week period, all consecutive patients aged 18 years or older visiting their GP of health concerns at 6 primary care settings were invited to complete the PHQ-9 questionnaire in their native language (Latvian or Russian). Criterion validity was assessed against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.), which was conducted over the telephone by a psychiatrist less than 2 weeks after a primary care physician visit. Results: In total, 324 patients were evaluated using the PHQ-9, 272 of whom agreed to be interviewed with the M.I. N.I. Overall, the PHQ-9 items showed good internal (Cronbach’s alpha 0.84) reliability. A cutoff score of 10 was established for the PHQ-9 (sensitivity 86.49%, specificity 89.36%), correctly classifying 86.4% of patients with current depression. Conclusions: The PHQ-9 appears to be a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to diagnose major depression among Latvian and Russian speaking adults at the primary care level.
Abuse in Childhood and Risk of Uterine Leiomyoma: The Role of Emotional Support in Biologic Resilience

Background: Childhood adversities are associated with adult health. We hypothesize that exposure to physical and sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence will be associated with incidence of clinically symptomatic uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) through influences on health behaviors and reproductive hormone regulation. Methods: Participants included 68,505 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study II, an ongoing prospective cohort study of premenopausal women from 14 US states aged 25–42 years at enrollment (1989), who completed a retrospective questionnaire on childhood violence exposure (2001). A cumulative indicator of severity and chronicity of child/teen violence exposure was derived using factor analysis. We used a Cox proportional-hazards model to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During the 728,865 woman-years of follow-up (1989–2005), 9823 incident diagnoses of ultrasound- or hysterectomy-confirmed uterine leiomyomas were reported; 65% reported any physical or sexual abuse. A dose-response association between cumulative abuse and fibroid risk was found. Compared with those who reported no abuse, multivariable IRRs for ultrasound or hysterectomy-confirmed uterine leiomyomas were 1.08 (95% CI = 1.03–1.13), 1.17 (1.10–1.24), 1.23 (1.14–1.33), 1.24 (1.10–1.39), and 1.36 (1.18–1.54), for cumulative exposures ranging from mildest to most severe. Increased emotional support in childhood also attenuated associations. Conclusions: Severity and chronicity of child/teen sexual and physical abuse was associated with increasing risk of clinically detected fibroids among premenopausal women.