Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Different Mulching Material on Seedling Emergence and Growth Performance of Hot Pepper (Capsicum Annum L) at Gurage Zone, Ethiopia

This study was conducted in Gurage Zone at Wolkite University in 2016/17 cropping season. The field experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three replications and four treatments. The effect of different mulching material such as grass, banana, plastic and control mulch on growth parameters (plant height, germination rate, leaf number of branch per plant,) of hot pepper was conducted for three months. Data was collected and compared by using LSD at significant level of 0.05. The result showed that the highest and lowest plant height was obtained for grass mulch (T1) and control (T4) on the other hand no plant height was registered for plastic mulch. Generally, from the result of this study we recommended that farmers use of grass mulch increase the rate of hot pepper seedling and growth performance by maintain soil temperature, soil moisture and provide good air circulation with in soil spores than other mulching materials. The awareness of farmers should be increased by providing adequate training regarding with the type of appropriate mulching material, So, they can produce proper operation during the growth of paper to avoid the infestation of weed by mulching. According to analysis of variance there was significant different among treatments on the number of braches per plant and also results of the analysis of variance indicated that different mulching material were shown significantly (p>0.05) effect on plant height of pepper. However, there is no significant variation among the treatment for number of leaves. Since the recommended using vativar grass mulch until another investigation was done. This is a short term strategy; therefore, the study should be repeated over year. In order to address the significance of all the studied characters and to recommend the appropriate mulching material for further hot pepper production.
WEB-SERVQUAL: a measure of information systems service quality for the web environment

The research investigated the suitability of the SERVQUAL instrument, extensively used in marketing and selectively used to measure service quality of traditional Information Systems (IS) function, to measure IS service quality in the web environment. The website of a university’s library provided the context in which SERVQUAL was applied. From a focus group meeting of study participants, conducted subsequent to the survey, emerged additions and changes required in designing a web-oriented SERVQUAL (WEB-SERVQUAL) questionnaire. These included the addition of two key dimensions in the form of web strategy and managing customer expectations. Other SERVQUAL dimensions, such as IS reliability and IS responsiveness, had to be modified since the Webmaster, and not just the IS function, plays a significant role in providing service to a website. The study produced a high level WEB-SERVQUAL questionnaire that provides the basis for empirical testing and refinement in subsequent research.
Cross Cultural Comparison Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Styles between Women with Depressive Symptoms in Iran and India

The main goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Style in Iran and India and to compare mild & moderately depressed, young & older women. The tools of this research were Beck Depression Inventory, Young Schema Questionnaire, Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory, and Young Compensation Inventory were administered to depressed women residing in Iran and India that were randomly selected n = 200. The age group of sample was 16-60 India (M=30.26 SD=11.45) and Iran (M=31.92 SD=10.08). Data analyses comprised of the methods of descriptive statistics and deductive statistics. Pearson Correlation was obtained between the Subjugation, Failure to achieve, and Unrelenting Standards schemas and compensation subscales in the total group. In addition, the comparison between two countries showed that the correlation between compensation subscales in women from India was higher than women from Iran. In the total group, it was showed a correlation between the Denial Unhappiness, the Psychosomatic Symptom, the Avoidance through sleeping and lack of energy subscales in Avoidance and Maladaptive Schema P<0.05& P<0.001). Likewise, the results indicated differences within Iran and India among mild & moderately depressed, young & older women in overcompensation as coping style as opposed to avoidance.
Inverse Shape Reconstruction of Inner Cavities Using Guided SH-Waves in a Plate

The paper proposes an inverse reconstruction method for inner cavities in a 2D plate using guided SH-waves. When a pure incident wave mode is sent toward the flaw area, reflected waves are observed at the far field due to mode conversion. From wave scattering theory, the reflected wave field is expressed by an integral over the unknown flaw surface concerning the total wave field. By the introduction of Born approximation and far-field expressions of Green’s function, it is found that the reflection coefficient for the mode of the same order as that of the incident mode is related to the unknown shape of the cavity by Fourier transform relations. By mathematical deduction, we show that if the basic (0th-order) symmetric and the 1st-order antisymmetric modes are used as incident waves, the locations and shapes of upper and lower boundaries of the cavity can be reconstructed. Numerical examples are illustrated in the paper, and a proper condition for applying this method is discussed. The research can act as a basis of nondestructive inspection for latent flaws within more complicated structures.
Foreign Direct Investment Strategies Effects on the Brazil's Trade Balance: A Causality Analysis

This study investigated if there were evidences that foreign direct investment (FDI) growth improved the Brazilian trade balance through an expansion in exports and import and if there was a predictable relationship between FDI strategies and trade balances. Results show that FDI promotes an increase in exports and also show an increase in the level of imports, especially for those companies engaged in market-seeking strategy. It also shows that FDI cause exports in the short and long-run and would cause imports in the short-run, but not in the long-run. The Granger causality test for the exports equation showed that FDI inflows in Brazil, lagged of three years, stimulated the export activity indicating that FDI strategies do not automatically lead to positive externalities on trade balance. authors Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar se o crescimento dos fluxos de investimento estrangeiro direto (IDE) e capaz de influenciar a balanca comercial brasileira por meio da expansao das exportacoes e importacoes e se ha uma relacao previsivel entre as estrategias de IDE e saldos comerciais. Os resultados ividenciam que o IDE promove um aumento das exportacoes e importacoes, especialmente para as empresas envolvidas na estrategia market-seeking. Os resultados evidenciam que o IDE promove um aumento nas exportacoes no curto e longo prazo e aumento das importacoes apenas no curto prazo. O teste de causalidade de Granger para a equacao de exportacoes mostrou que os fluxos de IDE, defasados de tres anos, estimulou a atividade exportadora indicando que as estrategias de IED nao conduzem automaticamente a externalidades positivas sobre a balanca comercial. Evidencias indicam a necessidade de maiores esforcos para compreender como as estrategias de IDE interagem com a balanca comercial das economias receptoras e os beneficios que podem ser alcancados por meio de politicas publicas. AREA: 2
J 362 D 28 : a new joint model of compressional and shear velocity in the Earth ’ s mantle

S U M M A R Y The discrimination between chemical and thermal heterogeneity in the Earth’s mantle remains one of the most important and challenging questions to be answered by observational and theoretical geophysics. To answer this question requires a thorough knowledge of the ratio between compressional and shear velocity anomalies. We describe results of a joint inversion for compressional and shear velocity in the mantle using a large and diverse data set consisting of traveltimes, complete waveforms and surface wave dispersion measurements. A horizontal tessellation consisting of 362 spherical splines is used to parametrize the model, which is approximately equivalent to a spherical harmonic of degree 18 in resolution. The model contains peak variations (from PREM) of up to ±7 per cent in S velocity and ±2.5 per cent in P velocity in the upper mantle. These variations decrease to ±1.5 and ±0.6 per cent, respectively, at 1000 km depth and reach ±2.5 and ±1.0 per cent, respectively, in the D′′ region. The rms ratio of S to P velocity perturbations is fairly constant between 2.0 and 2.5 in the lower mantle, but a local minimum in this ratio occurs at a depth of approximately 1700 km. Resolution tests show that the recovery of P and S velocity is not geographically uniform, but also show that this amplitude ratio is well resolved between 670 and 2700 km depth. We also observe a persistent negative correlation between bulk-sound and shear velocity throughout the same region of the mantle. In addition, the model contains a minimum correlation between P and S velocity between 670 and ∼1100 km. This feature is supported by both the favourable outcome of resolution experiments and the poor fit provided by the starting model from the inversion (in which the P and S velocities are perfectly correlated) to our data set of P-wave traveltimes. The power spectra of both P and S velocity heterogeneity are similar, although we note a slightly larger dominance of degree two in the spectra for P velocity in the mid-mantle where resolution is highest.
BENDING AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF MULTI-FOLDING LAMINATE COMPOSITE PLATE USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

This paper deals with the bending and vibration analysis of multi-folding laminate composite plate using finite element method based on the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The algorithm and Matlab code using eight nodded rect- angular isoparametric plate element with five degree of freedom per node were built for numerical simulations. In the numerical results, the effect of folding angle on deflections, natural frequencies and transient displacement response for different boundary condi- tions of the plate were investigated.
The Influence of Demographic Factor on Personal Innovativeness towards Technology Acceptance.

Library and Media Teacher (LMT) readiness of accepting and using technology innovation earlier than their colleagues could expedite the technology innovation process into the school education system. The aim of this paper is to report on a study that explored the impact of experience in using computer and the level of ICT knowledge towards personal innovativeness. This study employed a quantitative approach in the form of a survey. A total of 546 LMTs were randomly selected as research samples. Data gathered through a set of instruments consisting of personal innovativeness and ICT knowledge questionnaire. Data being analyzed descriptively and inferentially using mean, percentage, frequency and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Findings demonstrated that majority of the Library and Media Teachers had moderate personal innovativeness. Experience in using computer, level of education and ICT knowledge level are found to influence and contribute to Library and Media Teachers’ personal innovativeness and significantly.
Effects of nitrogen and potassium on the chemical composition of coffee beans and on beverage quality

The ratio of nitrogen (N) to potassium (K) is important in the production of specialty coffees because the relative amounts of N and K can either suppress the formation or increase the concentration of compounds that are essential to the flavor and aroma of specialty coffees. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different N:K ratios (w/w) and K doses on the cup quality of coffee. The concentrations of chemical compounds essentials to achieve good flavor and aroma, the N and K contents, and the caffeine contents of coffee leaves and beans were evaluated in this study. The N:K ratio and the K dose were found to be important factors in cup quality, the best quality corresponding to an N:K ratio of 1:1.56. The best cup quality was obtained from beans with greater PPO activity, caffeine, color index, and sugars and lower total tritatable acidity, pH, electrical conductivity and leached potassium.
Relationship Among Children’s Social-emotional Competence, Social Support, Academic Achievement and Aggressive Behavior in the Primary School in China

With the development of humanistic education, scholars believe that children’s social-emotional competence mostly will take charge of their future family, school and life success in the future. Because of too much time focusing on social-skills training and few about children’ s social-emotional competence and relationship between social-emotional competence and aggressive behavior in China, and this article firstly shows concepts of social-emotional competence, social support, academic achievement and aggressive behavior. Secondly, social-emotional competence and social support were hypothesized to have strong influences on academic achievement and aggressive behavior in the study. Participants were 301 pupils (151 boys and 150 girls) from 2 elementary schools in Nanjing, China. The findings suggest that the students with stronger social-emotional competence performed fewer aggressive behaviors than the other peers. Keywords: children; social-emotions competence; social support; aggression
Skill, Trade and International Inequality

Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory suggests that greater openness tends to enlarge intercountry differences in stocks of skill (or human capital), which new growth theory suggests would cause intercountry divergence of per capita incomes. Econometric analysis of data on about ninety countries during 1960-90 confirms that greater openness tends to cause divergence of secondary and tertiary enrollment rates between more-educated and less-educated countries and also between land-scarce and land-abundant countries. These findings may have implications for the optimal choice of trade policies by poor countries. Copyright 1999 by Royal Economic Society.
Annual activity of the lizard Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata, Liolaemidae) in the coastal sand dunes of southern Brazil

The activity pattern of the small sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885, was investigated in the coastal sand dunes at Quintao beach (Palmares do Sul, southern, Brazil), between September 1998 and August 1999. The results showed that L. occipitalis is active all along the year, but with variations in its daily and seasonal activity patterns associated to climatic changes in the habitat. Lizard activity pattern was distributed as follows: under the sand, burrowed (73%), under vegetation (14%), dislocation (7%) and basking (6%). Mean habitat temperatures (air and substrate) were significantly different. The results indicate that L. occipitalis is a thigmothermic and heliothermic species that regulates its body temperature through behavioral mechanisms, and that thermoregulation is mainly associated with substrate.
Synthesis , characterization and evaluation of phosphorylated resins in the removal of Pb 2 + from aqueous solutions

Phosphinic-derivative poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-based on PS–DVB copolymers with different porosity degrees have been prepared by aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction using PCl3/AlCl3 followed by base-promoted hydrolysis. The phosphorylation reaction was analyzed by infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). In addition, the phosphorous content of the phosphorylated copolymers was determined by spectrophotometry using the method based on sodium molybdate reactant so that the extension of that modification could be assessed. The performance of the phosphorylated resins in the extraction of Pb from aqueous solutions in a batch system was also evaluated. The Pb content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). These materials presented excellent extraction capacity under the contact time of 30 min and pH 6.
mpirical and optimal stomatal controls on leaf and ecosystem level CO 2 and H 2 O xchange rates

Linkage between the leaf-level stomatal conductance (gs) response to environmental stimuli and canopylevel mass exchange processes remains an important research problem to be confronted. How various formulations of gs influence canopy-scale mean scalar concentration and flux profiles of CO2 and H2O within the canopy and how to derive ‘effective’ properties of a ‘big-leaf’ that represents the eco-system mass exchange rates starting from leaf-level parameters were explored. Four widely used formulations for leaf-level gs were combined with a leaf-level photosynthetic demand function, a layer-resolving light attenuation model, and a turbulent closure scheme for scalar fluxes within the canopy air space. The four gs models were the widely used semi-empirical Ball-Berry approach, and its modification, and two solutions to the stomatal optimization theory for autonomous leaves. One of the two solutions to the optimization theory is based on a linearized CO2-demand function while the other does not invoke such simplification. The four stomatal control models were then parameterized against the same shoot-scale gas exchange data collected in a Scots pine forest located at the SMEAR II-station in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland. The predicted CO2 (Fc) and H2O fluxes (Fe) and mean concentration profiles were compared against multilevel eddy-covariance measurements and mean scalar concentration data within and above the canopy. It was shown that Fc comparisons agreed to within 10% and Fe comparisons to within 25%. The optimality approach derived from a linearized photosynthetic demand function predicted the largest CO2 uptake and transpiration rates when compared to eddy-covariance measurements and the other three models. Moreover, within each gs model, the CO2 fluxes were insensitive to gs model parameter variability whereas the transpiration rate estimates were notably more affected. Vertical integration of the layer-averaged results as derived from each gs model was carried out. The sensitivities of the up-scaled bulk canopy conductances were compared against the eddy-covariance derived canopy conductance counterpart. It was shown that canopy level gs appear more sensitive to vapor-pressure deficit than shoot-level gs.
What molecules can't tell us about the spread of languages and the Neolithic

hapless hunter-gatherers as it flooded in. Curiously though, for us (being familiar with our Dennell, Barker and Whittle), the initial interest lay in the discovery that there were some Neolithic immigrants after all. It even seemed that an estimate of ~20 per cent Near Eastern Neolithic ancestry in Europe might actually be taken as rather strongly confirming (at least one interpretation of) the Cavalli-Sforza et al. picture, viz. the colonization model of farming origins. It soon became clear, though, that there might be more mileage in taking on the demic-diffusionists rather than the indigenists, especially as it seemed that a certain dogmatism had set in amongst the former camp. But it was not clear that such a low Neolithic input was incompatible with demic diffusion, or even a ‘wave of advance’. So it was not simply ‘new data’ that moved this debate forward, but a consideration of those data in the context of, for example, arguments such as those of Zvelebil (1986) concerning the archaeological context, and a consideration of how seriously the more rigid interpretations of the classical marker gradients needed to be taken. Indeed, in 1996 the evidence for which mtDNAs arrived when was rather weak, because of the paucity of Near Eastern data. A minor subhaplogroup (T1) was subsequently shunted into the Neolithic component (Richards et al. 1998), and the distinction between ‘Palaeolithic’ and ‘Neolithic’ lineages eventually became somewhat fuzzier, as more Near Eastern data were considered (Richards et al. 2000), moving us away from a rather simplistic ‘one haplogroup–one migration’ model. In any case, more than three quarters of the mtDNA remain firmly rooted in the European Palaeolithic. But there is clearly some flexibility in the way in which stories about such data can be told. Can we be sure that the ancestors of the ‘Neolithic’ A wealth of molecular sequence data seems to have Hans-Jurgen Bandelt, Vincent Macaulay & Martin Richards
A Row-Wise Stacking of the Runoff Triangle: State Space Alternatives for IBNR Reserve Prediction

Abstract This work deals with prediction of IBNR reserve under a different data ordering of the non-cumulative runoff triangle. The rows of the triangle are stacked, resulting in a univariate time series with several missing values. Under this ordering, two approaches entirely based on state space models and the Kalman filter are developed, implemented with two real data sets, and compared with two well-established IBNR estimation methods — the chain ladder and an overdispersed Poisson regression model. The remarks from the empirical results are: (i) computational feasibility and efficiency; (ii) accuracy improvement for IBNR prediction; and (iii) flexibility regarding IBNR modeling possibilities.
National culture and sustainability disclosure practices: a literature review

The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which national culture is an explanatory variable for firmâ€™s disclosure choices for sustainable development in the advanced, emerging and developing nations of the world, especially that entities interact in globally knowledge-based economies. A review of theoretical and empirical studies carried out on some developed, emerging and developing nations was undertaken with particular reference to traits characterised in specific national cultural environments about their effects on sustainability disclosures. The reviews show that not much work had been done in this area of study, in particular concerning social and environmental disclosures. Furthermore, studies are in the developed nations as compared with the emerging and developing economies. The studies reviewed focused more on cross-national design with less attention on the longitudinal aspect. It was not possible to review papers that were not written in English language, just as it is also important to state that, not all published works were reviewed, especially with access denied to some online. There is a need for more empirical evidence to further justify the relevance of this study area for global sustainability disclosures and development. The review adds value with the recognition of the need to gear up researchers and policy making bodies to encourage advancement of studies on the intellectual capital concept and resource-based value theory to enhance sustainability development globally.