Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The correlation between CYP2D6 isoenzyme activity and haloperidol efficacy and safety profile in patients with alcohol addiction during the exacerbation of the addiction

Background Today, it is proved that isoenzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 are involved in metabolism of haloperidol. In our previous investigation, we found a medium correlation between the efficacy and safety of haloperidol and the activity of CYP3A4 in patients with alcohol abuse. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the activity of CYP2D6 and the efficacy and safety of haloperidol in patients with diagnosed alcohol abuse. Methods The study involved 70 men (average age: 40.83±9.92 years) with alcohol addiction. A series of psychometric scales were used in the research. The activity of CYP2D6 was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry using the ratio of 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline to pinoline. Genotyping of CYP2D6 (1846G>A) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results According to results of correlation analysis, statistically significant values of Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) between the activity of CYP2D6 and the difference of points in psychometric scale were obtained in patients receiving haloperidol in injection form (Sheehan Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale =−0.721 [P<0.001] and Udvald for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale =0.692 [P<0.001]) and in those receiving haloperidol in tablet form (Covi Anxiety Scale =−0.851 [P<0.001] and Udvald for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale =0.797 [P<0.001]). Conclusion This study demonstrated the correlations between the activity of CYP2D6 isozyme and the efficacy and safety of haloperidol in patients with alcohol addiction.
Optimizing product architecture for complex design

Determining product architecture is a key activity in new product development. This article presents a quantifying and planning method for new product development based on an algebraic matrix technique. A fuzzy design structure matrix that combines fuzzy set theory and the design structure matrix is established. The proposed fuzzy design structure matrix is a Boolean matrix that can quantify the dependency strength between product components and optimize product architecture. Partitioning and tearing algorithms are utilized to restructure a fuzzy design structure matrix, allowing the interdependent relationships within the product components in the new product development process to be obtained. A systematic clustering method that is efficient and yet flexible is developed for new product development from an informational structure perspective. The fuzzy design structure matrix can enhance the performance of new product development management by reducing the costs, offering product variety, decreasing the number of component iterations, and reducing the product development time. A case study is employed to illustrate the proposed method.
Technical Note: Comparison of the wavefront aberrations between natural and pharmacological pupil dilations

Ocular wavefront aberrations were tested with the wavefront‐supported corneal ablation (WASCA) aberrometer when the pupil was dilated naturally under scotopic illumination levels, and pharmacologically using tropicamide. Wavefront aberrations were measured across a 5‐mm pupil in one eye of each of 58 subjects. There was a significant difference in the pupil diameter between the scotopic and cycloplegic conditions (p < 0.001). For higher order aberrations (HOAs), no significant difference was found in Zernike coefficients between the scotopic and cycloplegic conditions. There was no significant difference in the spherical equivalent refraction. Accommodation can be neglected during the wavefront aberration measurement with the WASCA aberrometer. In view of the shift of the pupil centre caused by pharmacological pupil dilation, obtaining measurements under natural conditions rather than using mydriatics is recommended for customized laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery.
Impact of prehospital hypothermia on transfusion requirements and outcomes

BACKGROUND Prehospital hypothermia (PH) is known to increase mortality following traumatic injury. PH relationship with transfusion requirements has not been documented. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the impact of PH on blood product requirements and subsequent outcomes. METHODS The Los Angeles County Trauma System Database was queried for all patients admitted between 2005 and 2009. Demographics, physiologic parameters, and transfusion requirements were obtained and dichotomized by admission temperatures with a core temperature of less than 36.5°C considered hypothermic. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors contributing to transfusion requirements and to derive adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for mortality and rates of adult respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia. RESULTS A total of 21,023 patients were analyzed in our study with 44.6% presenting with PH. Hypothermic patients required 26% more fluid resuscitation (p < 0.001) in the emergency department and 17% more total blood products (p < 0.001) than those who were admitted with a normal temperature. There was a trend toward an increase in emergency department transfusion (8%, p = 0.06). PH was independently associated with the need for a transfusion (AOR, 1.1; p = 0.047), increased mortality (AOR, 2.0; p < 0.01), as well as incidence of adult respiratory distress syndrome (AOR, 1.8; p < 0.05) and pneumonia (AOR, 2.6; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION PH is associated with increased transfusion and fluid requirements and subsequently worse outcomes. Interventions that correct hypothermia may decrease transfusion requirements and improve outcomes. Prospective studies investigating correction of hypothermia in trauma patients are warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III.
New Product Introduction and Slotting Fees*

The availability of a new product in a store creates, through word-of-mouth ad- vertising, an informative spillover that may go beyond the store itself. We show that, because of this spillover, each retailer is able to extract a slotting fee from the manu- facturer at product introduction. Slotting fees may discourage innovation and in turn harm consumer surplus and welfare. We further show that the spillover may facilitate the use of pay-to-stay fees by an incumbent to deter entry. Finally, a manufacturer is likely to pay lower slotting fees when it can heavily advertize or when it faces larger buyers.
The impact of socioemotional wealth on family firms' financial performance

The authors study the effect on performance of family endowment on the business from the perspective of socioemotional wealth (SEW), i.e. the stock of affect-related value which the family attaches to the business. The researchers analyze the impact of ownership and board characteristics on profitability, taking into account the possible moderating factors of the family generational stage, firm size, qualified presence of non-family shareholders and firm risk. The authors analyze 2,884 medium-large Italian private firms comparing 1,944 family and 940 non-family firms using correlation and pooling GLS regressions during 2001-2010. It is shown that in the first generational stage family firms outperform non-family businesses. A family CEO, together with a board including numerous family members, positively affects performance in the first generational stage, but the effect is reversed in the later generational stages. The findings suggest developing by further research the relationship between performance and the emotional links among family members belonging to a nuclear family or to family branches. Moreover it would be advisable to check our findings by a cross-national study, in order to test how institutional and cultural context may affect SEW and performance. The study suggests that family businesses must be able to adapt firm management and the structure of the board, taking into account the moderating effects that these conditions have on SEW and performance.
Comicolorization: semi-automatic manga colorization

We developed Comicolorization, a semi-automatic colorization system for manga images. Given a monochrome manga and reference images as inputs, our system generates a plausible color version of the manga. This is the first work to address the colorization of an entire manga title (a set of manga pages). Our method colorizes a whole page (not a single panel) semi-automatically, with the same color for the same character across multiple panels. To colorize the target character by the color from the reference image, we extract a color feature from the reference and feed it to the colorization network to help the colorization. Our approach employs adversarial loss to encourage the effect of the color features. Optionally, our tool allows users to revise the colorization result interactively. By feeding the color features to our deep colorization network, we accomplish colorization of the entire manga using the desired colors for each panel.
A Field Study on the Relationship between Employer Brand and Employee Satisfaction

Employees play a significant role in the success of establishments. The ensuring of employee satisfaction is an issue which should be examined carefully at this point. Today it is set forth with different studies that many elements are effective in ensuring employee satisfaction. This study was conducted towards the employees of an establishment with an important employer brand in our country in order to reveal the relationship of a powerful employer brand and the benefits that this brand promised to employees with employee satisfaction. Of the qualitative research methods, the questionnaire technique was used in the research. The results were analyzed with the SPSS (22.0) Statistical Program. The research findings reveal that the elements of employer brand are related to employee satisfaction and that the employer brand affects employee satisfaction. Besides, no significant difference could be found between the demographic characteristics of the participants and employee satisfaction.
The Corporate Demand for External Connectivity: Pricing Boardroom Social Capital

In this paper we examine the effect of boardroom social capital, defined as aggregate benefits of social obligations and informal contacts formed through social networks of outside directors, on board compensation. Using a large panel of nine thousand firm-year observations for the period 2007-2013, we find that boardroom social capital is positively priced. Further analysis shows that the firms pay premium for specific, important connections. In addition, network effects are more pronounced for firms with greater need for external resources. Firms that have suffered adverse events, such as bad merger, performance declines, and dividend cuts, pay higher connection premium. Finally, director-level analysis shows that socially well-connected directors perform important board roles and hold multiple directorships. Overall, our results are consistent with an efficient contracting explanation of boardroom pay.
Definition of Arabidopsis Sterol-rich Membrane Microdomains by Differential Treatment with Methyl-β-cyclodextrin and Quantitative Proteomics*S⃞

Plasma membranes are dynamic compartments with key functions in solute transport, cell shape, and communication between cells and the environment. In mammalian cells and yeast, the plasma membrane has been shown to be compartmented into so-called lipid rafts, which are defined by their resistance to treatment with non-ionic detergents. In plants, the existence of lipid rafts has been postulated, but the precise composition of this membrane compartment is still under debate. Here we were able to experimentally clearly distinguish (i) true sterol-dependent “raft proteins” and (ii) sterol-independent “non-raft” proteins and co-purifying “contaminants” in plant detergent-resistant membranes. We used quantitative proteomics techniques involving 15N metabolic labeling and specific disruption of sterol-rich membrane domains by methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Among the sterol-dependent proteins we found an over-representation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. A large fraction of these proteins has functions in cell wall anchoring. We were able to distinguish constant and variable components of plant sterol-rich membrane microdomains based on their responsiveness to the drug methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Predominantly proteins with signaling functions, such as receptor kinases, G-proteins, and calcium signaling proteins, were identified as variable members in plant lipid rafts, whereas cell wall-related proteins and specific proteins with unknown functions make up a core set of sterol-dependent plant plasma membrane proteins. This allows the plant to maintain a balance between static anchoring of cell shape forming elements and variable adjustment to changing external conditions.
Improvements in the properties of electron beam damage YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// junctions

We have considerably improved the properties of our electron beam damage junctions by using a smaller condenser aperture. The better defined beam results in a more concentrated damage profile. Consequently, the junctions have a more resistive barrier and higher current density compared to junctions fabricated with a large aperture. We can now obtain an I/sub c/R/sub n/ value of 2 mV up to a temperature of 50 K. The improved junctions have barriers with T/sub cn/=0 K, and consequently operate over a much wider temperature range. Using the small aperture we have varied the length of the barrier while keeping its resistivity constant. The exponential variation of the critical current of these junctions with length shows that they have an SNS-character with the decay length varying between 3 and 4 nm.
Prediction of the Need for Surgical Intervention in Obstructive Crohn's Disease by 18F-FDG PET/CT

We preoperatively determined the accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for differentiating fixed muscle hypertrophy and fibrotic stenoses from acute transmural inflammatory stenoses in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) scheduled to undergo surgical resection for obstructive symptoms. Methods: Seventeen patients with known CD prospectively underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before already-planned surgery for obstructive symptoms. Image interpretation was by consensus of 2 readers with knowledge of patient participation in the study but not of other clinical history. Lesions were qualitatively graded on a 5-point scale for the presence of increased 18F-FDG uptake consistent with active inflammation. Maximum lean standardized uptake value (SULmax) was determined for lesions scored 1 or more. Imaging results were compared with the pathologic grading of inflammation and predominant histopathologic subtype for each patient's surgical specimen, whether mainly inflammation, fibrosis, or muscle hypertrophy. Results: Thirteen of the 17 patients underwent surgery (median, 28 d after PET/CT; range, 2–148 d), and 12 of these 13 had histopathologic correlation. Despite the predominant histopathologic subtype (inflammation, 5; fibrosis, 4; and muscle hypertrophy, 3), acute and chronic inflammation, fibrosis (median, 50%; range, 40%−90%), and muscle hypertrophy (median, 20-fold thickening; range, 9- to 40-fold thickening) were found in all patients. SULmax was significantly higher in severe than in mild-to-moderate chronic inflammation (8.2 ± 2.8 vs. 4.7 ± 2.5, P = 0.04). No patient with predominantly fibrosis or muscle hypertrophy (n = 7) had an SULmax greater than 8. Visually, 10 of 12 patients on PET/CT were considered to have active inflammation of the bowel. Conclusion: Patients with CD who undergo surgery for obstructive symptoms have histopathologically mixed findings of inflammation, fibrosis, and muscle hypertrophy. Qualitative PET interpretations were quite sensitive, but additional semiquantitative analyses using SULmax helped identify patients with active inflammation. This information may be beneficial for referring gastroenterologists considering medical therapy versus surgery for patients with CD who present with obstructive symptoms.
Perceived social support moderates the relationships between variables in the social cognition model

ABSTRACT Posting behaviour on social networking sites (SNS) has become a method enabling unsatisfied users to vent emotions. Based on social cognition theory (SCT), personal outcome expectations and self-efficacy affect posting behaviour for venting emotions on SNS. However, perceived social support (PSS) may alter the relationships within the SCT model. Thus, this study aimed to explore the moderating effect of PSS on the relationships between variables in the SCT model for venting emotions on SNS. In total, 310 unsatisfied customers in Taiwan were investigated, and structural equation modelling was performed to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that personal outcome expectations and self-efficacy were positively associated with posting behaviour which, in turn, increased venting emotions on SNS. Moreover, PSS moderated the relationships between variables in the SCT model.
EFFECT OF EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ON RISK TAKING AMONG LISTED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of executive compensation on risk taking among listed commercial banks in Kenya.Methodology:The study used an Epistemology research philosophy, causal research design was adopted whereby panel data approach was used. The target population for this study were the 11 listed banks on the NSE. Secondary Data for the year 2010 to 2015 was collected from the NSE handbook. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics which included means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and panel regression was also used. The results were presented in form of tables, figures, charts, graphs and trend lines.Results:Based on the findings, the study concluded that there Share Ownership and risk taking are positively and insignificantly related. Regression analysis indicated that Executive Fixed Salary and risk taking were negatively and significantly related. Executive Allowances and risk taking were negatively and significantly related.Regression analysis results indicated that Executive Annual Bonuses and risk taking were negatively and significantly related. Based on the findings the study recommended that banks should pursue optimum compensation policies, which will ensure minimum cost to the bank.Policy recommendation: This study recommends that on Executive Share Ownership banks should not increase director’s shares as this will have no effect on risk taking. It was also recommended that banks might want to raise their executive salary bases on their executive staff as this will automatically lead to decreased risk in banks. The study recommended that banks should entice their staff with huge allowances as this will decrease risk. The study also recommends executive annual bonus should be considered incrementally while determining executive compensation perks as it has a decreasing effect on risk among banks listed on NSE.
Factors influencing detection of eDNA from a stream‐dwelling amphibian

Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods for detecting and estimating abundance of aquatic species are emerging rapidly, but little is known about how processes such as secretion rate, environmental degradation, and time since colonization or extirpation from a given site affect eDNA measurements. Using stream‐dwelling salamanders and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis, we conducted three experiments to assess eDNA: (i) production rate; (ii) persistence time under different temperature and light conditions; and (iii) detectability and concentration through time following experimental introduction and removal of salamanders into previously unoccupied streams. We found that 44–50 g individuals held in aquaria produced 77 ng eDNA/h for 2 h, after which production either slowed considerably or began to equilibrate with degradation. eDNA in both full‐sun and shaded treatments degraded exponentially to <1% of the original concentration after 3 days. eDNA was no longer detectable in full‐sun samples after 8 days, whereas eDNA was detected in 20% of shaded samples after 11 days and 100% of refrigerated control samples after 18 days. When translocated into unoccupied streams, salamanders were detectable after 6 h, but only when densities were relatively high (0.2481 individuals/m2) and when samples were collected within 5 m of the animals. Concentrations of eDNA detected were very low and increased steadily from 6–24 h after introduction, reaching 0.0022 ng/L. Within 1 h of removing salamanders from the stream, eDNA was no longer detectable. These results suggest that eDNA detectability and concentration depend on production rates of individuals, environmental conditions, density of animals, and their residence time.
Fundraising as women's work? Examining the profession with a gender lens

Int J Nonprofit Volunt Sect Mark. 2017;22:e1605. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.1605 Fundraising is a mission‐critical area for nonprofit organizations and has emerged as a professional field in the past 50 years. This paper explores the gendered nature of fundraising work and its feminization as a profession over time, while simultaneously documenting the persistence of a gender pay gap and male overrepresentation in senior‐level positions in both North America and in the UK. The application of gender theory reveals that fundraising roles and responsibilities rely on key relationship‐building and organizational tasks, which are commonly associated with stereotypical women's work and are, thus, valued less in a patriarchal society. As a result, the devaluing of fundraising as mission‐critical work, and a career suitable for both women and men, may limit the credibility and power of the nonprofit sector to represent diverse voices and enhance democratic values in society. The article concludes with recommendations for research and practice.
Lack of association between ADAM33 gene and asthma in a Chinese population

Asthma is a complex polygenic disease with gene–environment interactions being important. It has been previously suggested that ADAM33, which is a member of a gene family that encodes membrane‐anchored proteins with a disintegrin and a metalloprotease domain, is primarily expressed in lung fibroblasts and bronchial smooth muscle cells and has been associated with airway remodelling and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. A significant association has previously been demonstrated between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of the ADAM33 and asthma in ethnically diverse populations. To assess whether SNPs or haplotypes of ADAM33 are related to asthma in a Chinese Han population, we genotyped three SNPs of ADAM33 (7575G/A in intron 6, 11188A/T in intron 19, and 12433T/C in exon 20) in a case‐control study involving 296 patients with asthma and 270 healthy controls. No significant association was detected between these three SNPs and asthma susceptibility in the Chinese population.
The dual nature of epiphysial cartilage.

1. The hypothesis is put forward that the cartilage of a developing epiphysis consists of two separate moieties. There is a superficial zone which from the first is destined to become articular cartilage and is incapable of ossification, whereas the deeper layers are concerned with the actual growth of the epiphysis and will eventually be converted totally to bone. 2. The results of an experiment which support this theory are described. A piece of developing joint cartilage was excised and replaced in its bed upside down. It was found that although the cartilage continued to proliferate at its normal rate, ossification of the original articular layer did not occur, so that there was a considerable increase in the thickness of the excised cartilage. 3. The supporting evidence for the hypothesis is discussed.