Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Melodic heads, saliency, and strength in voicing and nasality

Melodic Heads in Element Theory (Kaye et al. 1985; Harris & Lindsey 1995; Backley 2011) have long been associated with higher acoustic saliency of the headed prime’s properties (Lindsey & Harris 1990; Backley 1995; Harris & Lindsey 1995; et alia) and with the relative strength (e.g. alignment of melodic heads with strong positions and robustness of headed expressions against lenition) of a melodic head compared to a dependent (e.g. Backley & Nasukawa 2009). Following substantial work on the interaction of voicing and nasality (Nasukawa 1997, 2005; Ploch 1999; Botma 2004) it is commonly assumed that voicing and nasality are both represented by the same prime |L|, with dependent |L| encoding nasality and headed | L | encoding voicing. In this paper I counter some of the arguments for the universality of this implementation, and develop an alternative view of a unified voicing–nasality prime, in which voicing is encoded by dependent |L| and nasality by headed | L |. I show how this analysis is more consistent with both the saliency and strength arguments by considering arguments based on the represented acoustic patterns, positional strength, nasal sharing (nasal harmony within onset–nucleus pairs), and cross-linguistic biases against loss of nasality. Finally, I show how this account is compatible with a more restrictive, recursive view of the phonological interpretation component following the set theoretic model of Element Theory in Breit (2013). Based on these arguments I conclude that we have good reason to doubt the universality of Nasukawa (1997, 2005) and Ploch’s (1999) implementation; instead we must give serious consideration to the reverse option with headed | L | for nasality and dependent |L| for voicing. I suggest that there are two possible responses to this situation: we can either make the attempt to radically adopt the alternative, or we can adopt a more relativistic position (in the sense of Cyran 2011, 2014) which allows a choice between both options. This article is part of the Special Collection: Headedness in Phonology
Understanding Hope and Its Implications for Consumer Behavior: I Hope, Therefore I Consume

Building on prior work (MacInnis and de Mello (2005) 'The concept of hope and its relevance to product evaluation and choice'. Journal of Marketing 69 (January), 1–14; de Mello and MacInnis (2005) 'Why and how consumers hope: Motivated reasoning and the marketplace'. Inside Consumption: Consumer Motives, Goals, and Desires , S. Ratneshwar and D. G. Mick (eds.). London/New York: Routledge, pp. 44–66), the authors argue that the concept of hope is highly relevant to consumer behavior and marketing, though its study has not yet appeared in these literatures. Complicating this study is that the definition of hope across literatures is inconsistent. The purpose of this conceptual article is to articulate the concept of hope and elucidate its relevance to consumer behavior. We do so in six sections. The first section explores the conceptual meaning of hope. A definition of hope and the constituent elements that underlie it is articulated. We compare this definition to ones provided elsewhere and differentiate hope from related terms like wishing, expectations, involvement, and faith. The second section focuses on what consumers hope for. The third section considers several important consumer relevant outcomes of hope, including biased processing and self-deception, risk taking behavior, product satisfaction, and life satisfaction and materialism. The fourth section addresses the extent to which marketers are purveyors of hope and what tactics they use to induce hope in consumers. The fifth section uses the conceptualization of hope to both discuss novel ways of measuring hope and their comparisons to existing hope measures. The final section addresses a set of interesting, yet unresolved questions about hope and consumer behavior.
Conceptualising the science curriculum - forty years of developing assessment frameworks in three large-scale assessments

The paper analyses conceptualisations in the science frameworks in three large-scale assessments, TIMSS, PISA and NAEP. The assessments have a shared history, but have developed different conceptualisations. The paper asks how and why the frameworks are different, and seeks answers by studying their development. The methodology is document analysis by, first, tracing developments within each assessment, next, comparing developments and conceptualisation across the assessments, and last, relating the frameworks to trends of developments in educational theory. The outcome of the analysis provides a complex picture with the assessments following their own lines of development but with influence from trends in assessment and educational theory. Five main conceptualisations are found to have existed over time, with different definition of scientific behaviour and explanations to the relationship between knowledge and behaviour. The frameworkshave moved towards more elaborated explanations of the science domain, providing assessors with better support for operationalising learning objectives. Currently, the assessments are faced with a challenge of adapting to the “practice turn” in science studies and learning science and thereby accounting for scientific behaviour as a community practice . The paper concludes with suggestions for how frameworks may be improved to achieve this aim.
Lifetimes along perturbed Rydberg series in neutral thallium

Radiative lifetimes of 15 Tl I levels belonging to the 6s2ns2S1/2 (n = 7–14) and 6s2nd2D3/2 Rydberg series (n = 6–12) have been measured using a time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique. All the measured levels have been excited from the ground state 6s26p2P01/2 (odd parity) with a single-step excitation process. The general perturbation of the ns series by the 6s6p2 configuration and the corresponding modification of the lifetimes are adequately reproduced by a theoretical model including core-polarization effects and combined with a least-squares fit to the observed energy levels. The general behaviour of the lifetime values for the 6s2np odd levels along the Rydberg series is also well reproduced. The use of the multiconfiguration quantum defect theory has allowed us to obtain lifetime values along the 6s2ns2S1/2 series up to levels with n = 31.
Benchmarks for Evaluating Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection Solutions

Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have gained increased popularity over time. There are many proposed anomaly-based systems using different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and techniques, however there is no standard benchmark to compare them based on quantifiable measures. In this paper, we propose a benchmark that measures both accuracy and performance to produce objective metrics that can be used in the evaluation of each algorithm implementation. We then use this benchmark to compare accuracy as well as the performance of four different Anomaly-based IDS solutions based on various ML algorithms. The algorithms include Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, and K-means Clustering. The benchmark evaluation is performed on the popular NSL-KDD dataset. The experimental results show the differences in accuracy and performance between these Anomaly-based IDS solutions on the dataset. The results also demonstrate how this benchmark can be used to create useful metrics for such comparisons.
Chloroplast microsatellites as a tool for phylogeographic studies: the case of white oaks in Poland

Abstract: Assessing the distribution of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotype variation is useful for studying the phylogeography of angiosperms. In the last two decades the cpDNA phylogeography of white oaks in Europe has been extensively studied, mostly based on the PCR-RFLP technique. However, PCR-RFLPs have low mutation rates and are primarily useful for reconstructing patterns at large geographical scales and lack resolution at fine spatial scales. Here we evaluate the usefulness of chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSR) as an alternative to PCR-RFLPs in Polish oak populations which have been underrepresented in previous studies. Eighty-five cpSSR haplotypes were detected using 14 cpSSR loci and a broad collection of 6680 trees sampled throughout Poland. Haplotype diversity was significantly lower in Q. petraea (He = 0.798) than in Q. robur (He = 0.820). Only 17 haplotypes (H01-H17) were found in 13 or more individuals, comprising together 97.9% of the sample. Most frequent cpSSR haplotypes were related to PCR-RFLP haplotypes, establishing the cross-references between the two marker systems. There was significant concordance between the matrices of genetic distances obtained by PCR-RFLP haplotypes and cpSSR haplotypes. Phylogenetic relationships among cpSSR haplotypes supported the existence of the three predominant maternal lineages of oaks in Poland: Iberian (7.8%), Apennine (20.6%) and Balkan (65.5%). The results are discussed with regards to the usefulness of cpSSR markers for phylogeographic studies.
Quality of Life of Cleft Lip and / or Palate Patients ’ Caregivers in Jeddah

Mohammed Al-Ghamdi1*, Amr Bayoumi2, Mohammed Zahran3, Alaa Badghaish4, Arwa Abumansour5, Samaher Alotaibi5 and Heba Mandourah5 1Assistant Professor and Consultant, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Anesthesia, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2Professor and Consultant, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 3Assisstant Professor and Consultant, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 4Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Anesthesia resident, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 5Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Field and laboratory evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence instrument for determining the elemental composition of ambient aerosols

Abstract. Measuring the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information on the concentration of regulated toxic metals, support modelling approaches for source detection and assist in the identification and validation of abatement techniques. Undertaking these at a high time resolution (1 h or less) enables receptor modelling techniques to be more robustly linked to emission processes. This study describes a comprehensive laboratory and field evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument (CES XACT 625) for a range of elements (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) against alternative techniques: high time resolution mass measurements, high time resolution ion chromatography, aerosol mass spectrometry, and established filter-based, laboratory analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Laboratory evaluation was carried out using a novel mass-based calibration technique to independently assess the accuracy of the XRF against laboratory generated aerosols, which resulted in slopes that were not significantly different from unity. This demonstrated that generated particles can serve as an alternative calibration method for this instrument.The XACT was evaluated in three contrasting field deployments; a heavily trafficked roadside site (PM10 and PM2.5), an industrial location downwind of a nickel refinery (PM10) and an urban background location influenced by nearby industries and motorways (PM10). The XRF technique agreed well with the ICP-MS measurements of daily filter samples in all cases with a median R2 of 0.93 and a median slope of 1.07 for the elements As, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Ti, V and Zn. Differences in the results were attributed to a combination of inlet location and sampling temperature, variable blank levels in filter paper and recovery rates from acid digestion. The XRF technique also agreed well with the other high time resolution measurements but showed a clear positive difference (slopes between 1.41 and 4.6), probably due to differences in the size selection methodology, volatility and water solubility of the PM in aerosol mass spectrometry (SO4) and ion chromatography (Ca, Cl, K and SO4), respectively.A novel filter analysis technique using the XACT showed promising initial results: filters analysed off-line with the XACT compared well to in situ XACT measurements with a median R2 of 0.96 and median slope of 1.07. The resulting range of slopes was comparable to slopes produced in the ICP-MS comparison. This technique provides an opportunity to use the XACT when it is not deployed in the field; thus expanding the potential use of this instrument in future studies.
Reconstructing past upwelling intensity and the seasonal dynamics of primary productivity along the Peruvian coastline from mollusk shell stable isotopes

We present here a potential new method to evaluate past variations of the mean intensity of Peruvian coastal upwelling and of the seasonal timing of phytoplankton blooms. This method uses a combination of the monthly carbon and oxygen isotopic signals preserved in fossil mollusk shells, and a series of corrections to extract the variations of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) δ13C. Based on the analysis of five shell samples (85 shells in total) from the southern Peruvian coast, we suggest that the mean coastal upwelling intensity can be determined from a linear relationship between average values of corrected shell δ13C and δ18O. This new potential proxy would bring additional independent information valuable to interpret paleoproductivity changes reconstructed from marine sediment of the nearby continental shelf. Results obtained on fossil samples from the middle Holocene show an increase in upwelling intensity during this period associated to a spatial reorganization of upwelling centers along the South Peruvian coast. At the seasonal scale, corrected shell δ13C enrichment indicates a phytoplankton bloom. Seasonal timing of phytoplankton blooms can be estimated by the lag with the annual temperature cycle reproduced by shell δ18O monthly variations. The results obtained with two modern shell samples indicate phytoplankton blooms occurring during summer and fall, consistently with in situ productivity observations. Our method relies on revisited assumptions about the influence of temperature and metabolism in mollusk shell δ13C. We further discussed the validity of these assumptions and the potential implications for the interpretation of similar data sets.
Effects of Dietary Sodium Bentonite and Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation on Performance, Egg Quality, Blood and Digestion Characteristics of Laying Hens Fed Aflatoxin Contaminated Diet

In this experiment, sodium bentonite (SB) (0.5% and 1%) and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS, 0.1%) were fed to laying hens each receiving approximately 120 ppb total aflatoxin (AF), and were compared to AF contaminated negative control (NC) and control without AF (C) groups. A total of 180 hens at 26 weeks of age from Barred Rock were tested for 12 weeks. No significant differences in liveability, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg quality characteristics except for egg yolk redness (a*) and blood parameters were observed among the groups. When compared NC with C, egg weight, egg mass and body weight gain were decreased. The addition of 0.5% SB (SB-1) increased egg production and egg mass compared to NC and MOS. The addition of 1% SB (SB-2) increased egg mass compared to NC. The AF contaminated diet (NC) caused a significant decrease in a* compared to C. Aflatoxin was not detected in eggs obtained from any of the treatments. Faeces pH was higher in NC than in C, SB-1 and SB-2 and similar to that of MOS. The proportion of dry matter of the faeces in C was higher than that of NC. As a result, SB appears to be more effective than MOS as a toxin-binding agent in counteracting the adverse effects of AF in laying hens.
New Constructions for Forward and Backward Private Symmetric Searchable Encryption

We study the problem of dynamic symmetric searchable encryption. In that setting, it is crucial to minimize the information revealed to the server as a result of update operations (insertions and deletions). Two relevant privacy properties have been defined in that context: forward and backward privacy. The first makes it hard for the server to link an update operation with previous queries and has been extensively studied in the literature. The second limits what the server can learn about entries that were deleted from the database, from queries that happen after the deletion. Backward privacy was formally studied only recently (Bost et al., CCS 2017) in a work that introduced a formal definition with three variable types of leakage (Type-I to Type-III ordered from most to least secure), as well as the only existing schemes that satisfy this property. In this work, we introduce three novel constructions that improve previous results in multiple ways. The first scheme achieves Type-II backward privacy and our experimental evaluation shows it has 145-253X faster search computation times than previous constructions with the same leakage. Surprisingly, it is faster even than schemes with Type-III leakage which makes it the most efficient implementation of a forward and backward private scheme so far. The second one has search time that is asymptotically within a polylogarithmic multiplicative factor of the theoretical optimal (i.e., the result size of a search), and it achieves the strongest level of backward privacy (Type-I). All previous Type-I constructions require time that is at least linear in the total number of updates for the requested keywords, even the (arbitrarily many) previously deleted ones. Our final scheme improves upon the second one by reducing the number of roundtrips for a search at the cost of extra leakage (Type-III).
Histone methylation and DNA methylation: a missed pas de deux in invertebrates?

Several Authors have reported that histone methylation interacts with DNA methylation creating a self-propagating epigenetic cycle for long-term transcriptional repression of methylated genome compartments. This phenomenon, observed in plant and vertebrate genomes, does not appear to hold true in invertebrates . In particular, both structural and functional evidences suggest that, in invertebrates, DNA methylation and histone methylation do not interact, thus inhibiting the intimate pas de deux observed in other eukaryotes.
The Role of Multichannel Marketing in Customer Retention and Loyalty: Study in Emerald Bank Customer in Indonesia

Attention on the relationship between customer retention, customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction that serves as "seed" of customer loyalty highlight the important factors for multichannel management. With the growing trends of people in investing their money in bank for securities need to be responded by the marketing department to create better marketing strategies. The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the effect of a multichannel bank on emerald customers retention in one of the largest SOE bank in Indonesia, in the city of Surabaya, BNI (Bank Negara Indonesia) toward customer satisfaction, loyalty and customer retention. This study develops the theory of mix marketing by using multichannel as one of the elements that can increase customer retention using satisfaction mediation and customer loyalty. Mechanical determination of sample units in this study is a purposive sampling, of 89 respondents. Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) was applied to test the hypotheses. The results of this study indicate that direct multichannel not significantly effect the customer retention. Customer satisfaction can not be a perfect mediation and the customer loyalty can be a perfect mediation in the relationship between multichannel and customer retention. This study contributes to the banking industry in applying the concept of the mix marketing.
Utilization of walnut shells as filler in polymer composites

In this study, the utilisability of Walnut Shell (WS) flour in polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix composites are investigated due to its relative hardness and availability. The WS flour was compounded with PP and HDPE at 50% (weight) content with and without coupling agent in a single screw extruder. Then, granulated compositions were manufactured by press moulding process. Some mechanical properties (Tensile, impact, flexural strength), TGA and DSC were performed on the polymer composites samples. When WS flour were added 3% coupling agent bending properties of the HDPE and PP samples increased to 1340 MPa and 1514 MPa, respectively. However, WS2 samples which HDPE composites type was added 3% coupling agent in the form showed 26% lower impact factor than WS1. The addition of coupling agents improved the properties of polymer composites. MAPE coupling agents performed better in HDPE while MAPP coupling agents were superior in PP based composites. According to mechanical properties of the composites groups, the lowest strength was in the WS3 which content 50% PP without couple agent. All produced composites provided mechanical properties required by the ASTM D662 standard for plastic lumber decking boards. The analysis showed that MAPE didn’t affect to thermal degradation of 47% WS filled HDPE composites samples. Melting temperature was around WS1 and WS2 130 °C while WS3 and WS4 around 165 °C. The second melting peak temperature of WS2 composites with 3% coupling agent was around 170 °C. As a result Walnut shell which was considered agricultural waste can be utilized in polymer composite