Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eating meals before wheel-running exercise attenuate high fat diet-driven obesity in mice under two meals per day schedule

Mice that exercise after meals gain less body weight and visceral fat compared to those that exercised before meals under a one meal/exercise time per day schedule. Humans generally eat two or three meals per day, and rarely have only one meal. To extend our previous observations, we examined here whether a “two meals, two exercise sessions per day” schedule was optimal in terms of maintaining a healthy body weight. In this experiment, “morning” refers to the beginning of the active phase (the “morning” for nocturnal animals). We found that 2-h feeding before 2-h exercise in the morning and evening (F-Ex/F-Ex) resulted in greater attenuation of high fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain compared to other combinations of feeding and exercise under two daily meals and two daily exercise periods. There were no significant differences in total food intake and total wheel counts, but feeding before exercise in the morning groups (F-Ex/F-Ex and F-Ex/Ex-F) increased the morning wheel counts. These results suggest that habitual exercise after feeding in the morning and evening is more effective for preventing HFD-induced weight gain. We also determined whether there were any correlations between food intake, wheel rotation, visceral fat volume and skeletal muscle volumes. We found positive associations between gastrocnemius muscle volumes and morning wheel counts, as well as negative associations between morning food intake volumes/body weight and morning wheel counts. These results suggest that morning exercise-induced increase of muscle volume may refer to anti-obesity. Evening exercise is negatively associated with fat volume increases, suggesting that this practice may counteract fat deposition. Our multifactorial analysis revealed that morning food intake helps to increase exercise, and that evening exercise reduced fat volumes. Thus, exercise in the morning or evening is important for preventing the onset of obesity.
EEG findings in frontal lobe epilepsies

As a group, epilepsies of frontal lobe origin are thought to be poorly localized using surface EEG recordings. This finding may depend on the specific areas of frontal lobe from which the seizures originate or the pathologic substrate. We reviewed the presurgical surface EEGs of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery. The specific area of the frontal lobe where seizures originated was determined by 1) intracranial ictal EEG recordings, or 2) the presence of a structural lesion, identified by imaging studies in patients who achieved complete seizure control following surgery. We differentiated patients whose seizures began in the dorsolateral frontal convexity from those whose seizures began in the medial frontal region, and we correlated EEG findings in the interictal, postictal, and ictal states with seizure semiology, pathologic substrate, and surgical outcome. Four of nine patients had seizures originating in the dorsolateral frontal convexity and five had medial frontal onset seizures. Patients whose seizures originated from the dorsolateral convexity had focal interictal epileptiform abnormalities that localized to the region of seizure onset. Patients whose seizures began in the medial frontal region had either no interictal epileptiform abnormality or had multifocal epileptiform discharges. Patients whose seizures began in the dorsolateral convexity showed focal electrographic seizure activity that was localizing. This rhythmic fast activity did not appear to be substrate-specific. Patients whose seizure onset localized to the medial frontal region did not show focal electrographic seizure at clinical onset. We conclude that the scalp EEG recordings of frontal lobe epilepsies contain features that enable differentiation of seizures originating from two different regions of the frontal lobe.
The Influence of Micro and Macro Environment Components on Trade Companies in Romania

This paper deals with the impact of micro and macro environment components on trade companies in Romania. Trade companies organize and operate under specific environmental conditions impact or both. In the activity of any companies the environment plays a key role in defining its strategies in seizing and using opportunities of development, being practically the support in achieving the objectives of growth, profitability or just survival. Trade companies should have the best possible perception of the components on each macro, because some of them are heavily dependent than others. Dealing with environmental factors allow detection trading company strengths and weaknesses, and to measure responsiveness and anticipation. Journal: Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology
A study of e-recruitment technology adoption in Malaysia

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the employed jobseekers' perceptions and behaviours of third‐party e‐recruitment technology adoption in Malaysia. , – Using the validated modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) without the attitude construct as the core research framework and identifying Perceived Privacy Risk (PPR), Performance Expectancy (PE), Application‐Specific Self‐Efficacy (ASSE), and Perceived Stress (PS) as key external variables that form the research model for the study of e‐recruitment technology adoption. , – The results identify few key determinants to this technology adoption. Moreover, the weak evidence of the behavioural intention indicates that e‐recruitment has not replaced some of the conventional recruitment methods. , – The study implies that the third party e‐recruiters' policy makers and human resources practitioners need to improve the e‐recruitment system and services to attract these “passive” talented groups of candidates for employment. , – The paper provides an insight for human resources practitioners on the effective use of third‐party e‐recruitment service provider and the strategy to attract employed jobseekers for employment.
ATF2: A transcription factor that elicits oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities

The Activating Transcription Factor (ATF2) gene encodes a transcription factor important for normal cellular development and survival. In addition to its role as a transcription factor, ATF2 functions in the DNA damage response and in control of HAT complex activity. So far genetic changes in ATF2 have not been identified in human tumors. Yet altered expression and subcellular localization of ATF2 are associated with tumor stage and prognosis. Our studies in melanoma tumor models identified oncogenic ATF2 activity correlating with development of this tumor type. Inhibiting ATF2 suffices to impede melanoma development. Yet work in other tumor models, including breast and skin tumors reveals that ATF2, in cooperation with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, can also elicit tumor suppressor function. These findings suggest tissue- and tumor-specific function of ATF2. This review summarizes the current understanding of ATF2 regulation and function.
Involvement of prostaglandin E2 released from leptomeningeal cells in increased expression of transforming growth factor‐β in glial cells and cortical neurons during systemic inflammation

The leptomeninges play a central role in the antiinflammatory response through the glia–neuron interaction during systemic inflammation. In the present study, we examined the possible production of two potent antiinflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) by leptomeningeal cells during systemic inflammation. After immunization with the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and membrane‐bound PGE synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) were induced in the leptomeninges. Primary cultured leptomeningeal cells secreted PGE2 after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or proinflammatory cytokines. The LPS‐induced release of PGE2 was depressed by a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, NS‐398. On the other hand, TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β receptor II (TGF‐βRII) both markedly increased in the leptomeninges and the parenchymal cells after the CFA injection. Double‐staining immunohistochemistry demonstrated TGF‐β1 to be induced in both glial cells and cortical neurons, whereas TGF‐βRII was induced only in cortical neurons. Furthermore, the conditioned medium prepared from the leptomeningeal cells after LPS stimulation was able to induce an increased expression of TGF‐β1 and TGF‐βRII in the primary cultured glial cells and cortical neurons. This increased expression was suppressed by NS‐398. PGE2 was found to increase directly the production of TGF‐β1 and TGF‐βRII in the primary cultured cells. These observations strongly suggest that PGE2, which is biosynthesized by the leptomeninges, mainly regulates the production of TGF‐β1 by glial cells and cortical neuron, thus playing a protective role in the cortical neurons during systemic inflammation. Furthermore, TGF‐β1 may also exert a protective effect directly on the cortical neurons. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A land-based CSEM method for oil field exploration: An example from the Schoonebeek oil field

Controlled-source electromagnetic data is sensitive to the subsurface resistivity distribution, but 3D inversion results are ambiguous and in-depth interpretation is challenging. Resolution and sensitivity analysis as well as the influence of noise on resolution have been used to quantify 3D inversion performance. Based on these numerical studies, a land-based controlled-source electromagnetic survey was designed and carried out at the Schoonebeek oil field, the Netherlands. The acquired data were processed and subsequently inverted for the resistivity distribution. Both 1D and 3D inversion of horizontal electric-field data show the reservoir at the right depth, matching well-log data without using a-priori knowledge about the actual reservoir depth. We used a 1D model with a fine layering as starting model for 3D inversion. Synthetic data inversions and sensitivity tests demonstrate that resistive or conductive bodies inside the reservoir zone may be well detectable with our proposed limited acquisition .
Overlooked issues in cardiovascular research designs: The impact of reactivity and accuracy in physical activity measurement

Background: Measuring physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) by self-report or device as well as assessing related health factors may alter those behaviors. Thus, in intervention trials assessments may bias intervention effects. The aim of our study was to examine whether leisure-time PA, transport-related PA, and overall ST measured via selfreport vary after assessments and whether a brief tailored letter intervention has an additional effect. Methods: Among a sample of subjects with no history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular intervention, a number of 175 individuals participated in a study comprising multiple repeated assessments. Of those, 153 were analyzed (mean age 54.5 years, standard deviation = 6.2; 64% women). At baseline, participants attended a cardiovascular examination (standardized measurement of blood pressure and waist circumference, blood sample taking) and wore an accelerometer for seven days. At baseline and after 1, 6, and 12 months, participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A random subsample received a tailored counseling letter intervention at month 1, 3, and 4. Changes in PA and ST from baseline to 12-month follow-up were analyzed using random-effects modelling. Results: From baseline to 1-month assessment, leisure-time PA did not change (Incidence rate ratio = 1.13, p = .432), transport-related PA increased (Incidence rate ratio = 1.45, p = .023), and overall ST tended to decrease (b =− 1.96, p = .060). Further, overall ST decreased from month 6 to month 12 (b =− 0.52, p = .037). Time trends of the intervention group did not differ significantly from those of the assessment-only group. Conclusions: Results suggest an effect of measurements on PA and ST. Data of random-effects modelling results revealed an increase of transport-related PA after baseline to 1-month assessment. Decreases in overall ST may result from repeated assessments. A brief tailored letter intervention seemed to have no additional effect. Thus, measurement effects should be considered when planning intervention studies and interpreting intervention effects. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02990039. Registered 7 December 2016. Retrospectively registered.
Oxidation and Cognitive Impairment in the Aging Zebrafish

Background: The zebrafish has become an established model organism in aging research giving insight into general aging processes in vertebrates. Oxidative stress in aging may damage proteins and lipids in brain cells. Enhanced levels of oxidized macromolecules exert neurotoxic effects that could lead to disturbances in neuronal functioning and cognitive skills. Objective: This study aims to investigate a possible relation between oxidative stress and learning deficits during aging in zebrafish. Methods: We tested zebrafish of different ages in a color discrimination paradigm for associative learning and in a hole board task for spatial learning abilities. Afterwards, we determined the levels of oxidized lipids and proteins as well as the amount of lipofuscin in the learning-relevant brain regions of animals of the same age. Results: While young zebrafish at the age of 1 year successfully completed both learning tasks, cognitive abilities were significantly impaired in older animals. Learning deficits occurred at the age of 2 years, where we also detected significantly increased levels of lipofuscin and oxidized proteins in the zebrafish medial and lateral pallial areas of the dorsal telencephalon. Conclusion: These data suggest that enhanced oxidative stress may contribute to behavioral and cognitive impairments in the aging zebrafish.
Suicide Risk Factors in Iranian Patients With Bipolar Disorder: A 21- Month Follow-Up From BDPF Study

Objective: Bipolar disorder is strongly associated with suicidal ideations, attempts and commissions. Although several studies have been conducted on suicide risk factors in patients with bipolar disorder worldwide, a comprehensive study has not been reported from Iran. Methods: Patients with bipolar disorder type I, hospitalized in Iran Hospital of Psychiatry since May 2008 to August 2011 were sequentially enrolled. Patients were evaluated using Demographic and Clinical Variables Questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I), Young-Mania Rating Scale (Y-MRS), and Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale-7 (HDRS-7). One hundred patients were followed for 2 to 42 months (mean: 20.6 ± 12.5 months). Results: Only one patient attempted suicide during the follow-up period. 33% of the patients had history of previous suicide attempts. Female gender, divorce, and early age at onset of the disease were independently correlated with suicide attempt. Conclusion: Suicide attempts rarely occur during systematic follow-up of patients with bipolar disorder type I. Larger samples and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm this finding. Declaration of Interest: None.
Evidence for a system of general protein glycosylation in Campylobacter jejuni

A genetic locus from Campylobacter jejuni 81‐176 (O:23, 36) has been characterized that appears to be involved in glycosylation of multiple proteins, including flagellin. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core of Escherichia coli DH5α containing some of these genes is modified such that it becomes immunoreactive with O:23 and O:36 antisera and loses reactivity with the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Site‐specific mutation of one of these genes in the E. coli host causes loss of O:23 and O:36 antibody reactivity and restores reactivity with WGA. However, site‐specific mutation of each of the seven genes in 81‐176 failed to show any detectable changes in LPS. Multiple proteins from various cellular fractions of each mutant showed altered reactivity by Western blot analyses using O:23 and O:36 antisera. The changes in protein antigenicity could be restored in one of the mutants by the presence of the corresponding wild‐type allele in trans on a shuttle vector. Flagellin, which is known to be a glycoprotein, was one of the proteins that showed altered reactivity with O:23 and O:36 antiserum in the mutants. Chemical deglycosylation of protein fractions from the 81‐176 wild type suggests that the other proteins with altered antigenicity in the mutants are also glycosylated.
STUDIES ON THE CORONARY DILATOR ACTIONS OF SOME ADENOSINE ANALOGUES

1 The cardiovascular actions of 23 adenosine analogues have been examined in anaesthetized open thorax dogs; the analogues were substituted in the 2‐position of the purine ring, or in the exocyclic amino group, or were modified in the imidazole or sugar rings. 2 The effects of these compounds on coronary blood flow, peripheral blood pressure, and heart rate were compared with those of adenosine. 3 9‐β‐d‐Arabinofuranosyladenine had no cardiovascular action; the other analogues on intra‐atrial administration caused an immediate increase in coronary blood flow, the magnitude and duration of which varied with the structures of the analogues. 4 2‐Fluoro‐, 2‐bromo‐, 2‐isobutylthio‐, 2‐ethylamino‐, and 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐chloro‐ adenosines had coronary dilator potencies equal to or greater than that of adenosine. No relationship was found between the dilator potency of the adenosine analogues and their duration of coronary dilator action. 5 The coronary dilator action of adenosine was potentiated by inosine, 9‐β‐d‐arabinofuranosyladenine, tubercidin, N6‐methyladenosine and 2‐trifluoromethyl‐N6‐methyladenosine. 6 There was no correlation between the substrate specificities of the shorter‐acting analogues for adenosine deaminase or adenosine kinase and their duration of coronary dilator action. 7 It is proposed that in the anaesthetized dog, uptake into tissues is a more important mode of removal of adenosine and adenosine analogues from the vascular system than in activation by adenosine deaminase, that the duration of coronary dilator action of the analogues is related primarily to their specificity for the carrier which mediates adenosine uptake, and that the adenosine carrier is not associated with kinase action.
MICROWEAR IN MODERN SQUIRRELS IN RELATION TO DIET

Dental microwear consists of microscopic damage features on the occlusal surfaces of tooth enamel and reflects physical properties of the diet, as well as enamel structure and post-mortem history of the tooth. Microwear analysis has been used to infer the diets of extinct mammals through comparison of features on fossil teeth with those on teeth of living mammals with known diets. A method for documenting microwear of large mammals using a light microscope was developed as an alternative to approaches based on scanning electron microscopy. We adapted this method for investigating microwear features on squirrel teeth. Both modern and fossil squirrels occur in diverse terrestrial habitats and eat a range of herbivorous to omnivorous diets. We compared microwear features from upper molars of several modern species of frugivorous tree squirrels and omnivorous ground squirrels. We also examined fossil sciurids from the Miocene Siwalik sequence of Pakistan and a Pliocene locality in the central plains of the United States. We found significant differences in microwear features among modern squirrels of different diets and habitats, suggesting that microwear features can be used to infer the diets or preferred habitats of extinct species. Microwear features were preserved on some of the fossil specimens. A comparison of Pliocene Spermophilus rexroadensis to modern Spermophilus suggests a diet similar to that of the modern species examined. Microwear of Miocene Eutamias differed from the pattern in any of the living squirrels examined. The approach presented here holds strong potential for illuminating the trophic ecomorphology of small-mammal fossils.
Long-term renal prognosis of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

CONTEXT The long-term renal prognosis of patients with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) remains controversial. OBJECTIVES To quantify the long-term renal prognosis of patients with diarrhea-associated HUS and to identify reasons for different estimates provided in the literature. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE and Experta Medica (EMBASE) bibliographic databases and conference proceedings, and we contacted experts until February 2003. We also searched the Institute for Scientific Information index and reference lists of all studies that fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The search strategy included the terms hemolytic-uremic syndrome, purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic, Escherichia coli O157, longitudinal studies, kidney diseases, hypertension, and proteinuria STUDY SELECTION Any study that followed up 10 or more patients with primary diarrhea-associated HUS for at least 1 year for renal sequelae. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently abstracted data on study and patient characteristics, renal measures, outcomes, and prognostic features. Disagreements were resolved by a third author or by consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS Forty-nine studies of 3476 patients with a mean follow-up of 4.4 years (range, 1-22 years at last follow-up) from 18 countries, 1950 to 2001, were summarized. At the time of recruitment, patients were aged 1 month to 18 years. In the different studies, death or permanent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) ranged from 0% to 30%, with a pooled incidence of 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%-15%). A glomerular filtration rate lower than 80 mL/min per 1.73 m2, hypertension, or proteinuria was extremely variable and ranged from 0% to 64%, with a pooled incidence of 25% (95% CI, 20%-30%). A higher severity of acute illness was strongly associated with worse long-term prognosis. Studies with a higher proportion of patients with central nervous system symptoms (coma, seizures, or stroke) had a higher proportion of patients who died or developed permanent ESRD at follow-up (explaining 44% of the between-study variability, P =.01). Studies with a greater proportion of patients lost to follow-up also described a worse prognosis (P =.001) because these patients were typically healthier than those followed up. One or more years after diarrhea-associated HUS, patients with a predicted creatinine clearance higher than 80 mL/min per 1.73 m2, no overt proteinuria, and no hypertension appeared to have an excellent prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Death or ESRD occurs in about 12% of patients with diarrhea-associated HUS, and 25% of survivors demonstrate long-term renal sequelae. Patients lost to follow-up contribute to worse estimates in some studies. The severity of acute illness, particularly central nervous system symptoms and the need for initial dialysis, is strongly associated with a worse long-term prognosis.