Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of swing equation-based inertial response (SEBIR) control on penetration limitsof non-synchronous generation in the GB power system

This paper investigates the limits to penetration levels of non-synchronous generation (NSG) in a power system and how this may be increased. Reduced system inertia, arising from high penetrations of NSG, is one of the main issues that may increase the risk of system instability in various guises. Swing equation - based inertial response (SEBIR) control, often referred to using a variety of terms, is considered to be a potential solution that can enable converter - interfaced generation to support the system during and after disturbances. However, the effects of SEBIR on system operability and its ability to increase the NSG penetration limits and improve system strength under high NSG scenarios has not been fully investigated. The paper presents the implementation of SEBIR control within a simplified model of the future Great Britain (GB) transmission model, created using DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Using the model, the instantaneous penetration level limits of NSG in terms of both transient and steady - state stability are investigated with and without SEBIR control applied to the NSG. The capability of SEBIR in enabling additional active power output from NSG and improving system frequency response under a loss of infeed event is investigated and it is shown how SEBIR can assist in increasing NSG penetration levels, but that further work is required to understand certain phenomena that have been observed.
Energy conversion at the Earth's magnetopause using single and multispacecraft methods

[1] We present a small statistical data set, where we investigate energy conversion at the magnetopause using Cluster measurements of magnetopause crossings. The Cluster observations of magnetic field, plasma velocity, current density and magnetopause orientation are needed to infer the energy conversion at the magnetopause. These parameters can be inferred either from accurate multispacecraft methods, or by using single-spacecraft methods. Our final aim is a large statistical study, for which only single-spacecraft methods can be applied. The Cluster mission provides an opportunity to examine and validate single-spacecraft methods against the multispacecraft methods. For single-spacecraft methods, we use the Generic Residue Analysis (GRA) and a standard one-dimensional current density method using magnetic field measurements. For multispacecraft methods, we use triangulation (Constant Velocity Approach - CVA) and the curlometer technique. We find that in some cases the single-spacecraft methods yield a different sign for the energy conversion than compared to the multispacecraft methods. These sign ambiguities arise from the orientation of the magnetopause, choosing the interval to be analyzed, large normal current and time offset of the current density inferred from the two methods. By using the Finnish Meteorological Institute global MHD simulation GUMICS-4, we are able to determine which sign is likely to be correct, introducing an opportunity to correct the ambiguous energy conversion values. After correcting the few ambiguous cases, we find that the energy conversion estimated from single-spacecraft methods is generally lower by 70% compared to the multispacecraft methods.
Thorium in solar twins: implications for habitability in rocky planets

We have investigated the thorium (Th) abundance in a sample of 53 thin disc solar twins covering a wide range of ages. These data provide constrains on the mantle energy budget of terrestrial planets that can be formed over the evolution of the Galaxy's thin disc. We have estimated Th abundances with an average precision of 0.025\,dex (in both [Th/H] and [Th/Fe]) through comprehensive spectral synthesis of a Th\,II line present at 4019.1290\,{\AA}, using very high resolution (R\,=\,115,000) high quality HARPS spectra obtained at the ESO La Silla Observatory. We have confirmed that there is a large energy budget from Th decay for maintaining mantle convection inside potential rocky planets around solar twins, from the Galactic thin disc formation until now, because the pristine [Th/H]$_{\rm ZAMS}$ is super-solar on average under a uniform dispersion of 0.056\,dex (varying from +0.037 up to +0.138\,dex based on linear fits against isochrone stellar age). Comparing to neodymium (Nd) and europium (Eu), two others neutron-capture elements, the stellar pristine abundance of Th follows Eu along the Galactic thin disc evolution, but it does not follow Nd, probably because neodymium has a significant contribution from the $s$-process (about 60\,per\,cent).
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Mentha piperita AND Carum carvi ESSENTIAL OILS

Aromatic plants are one of the most important sources of biologically active secondary metabolites, which possess various antimicrobial characteristics. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of antifungal activities of mint and caraway essential oils against the selected fungi. Eight species of molds were selected for antifungal testing: Alternaria alternata, Aspegillus flavus, A. niger, A. versicolor, Eurotium herbariorum, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum and P. expansum. Testing of essential oils antifungal activity against the selected species was conducted using the disc diffusion method by adding mint and caraway essential oils (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μl per disc). Antifungal activity of essential oils was expressed by the diameter of inhibition zone (mm). The most powerful effect of mint essential oil was recorded against E. herbariorum, as its growth was completely inhibited by the quantity of 5 μl. The weakest inhibitory effect was observed against P. chrysogenum (inhibition zone 13.67 mm) by the quantity of 10 μl. The most powerful antifungal activity of caraway was observed against E. herbariorum as growth was completely inhibited by the quantity of 10 μl. The weakest inhibitory effect was observed against A. niger (inhibition zone 28 mm) by the quantity of 10 μl.
Influence of organic and inorganic sources of fertilizers on growth, yield and economics of fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) cultivation under semi arid conditions

The experiment was conducted with eight treatments (absolute control and varying proportions of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients viz., 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through fertilizers (90:45:0), 100% RDN through farm yard manure, 100% RDN through poultry manure, 100% RDN through vermicompost, 50% RDN through fertilizers + 50% RDN through farm yard manure, 50% RDN through fertilizers + 50% RDN through poultry manure and 50% RDN through fertilizers + 50% RDN through vermicompost). Results revealed that RDN through fertilizers and combinations of different organic and inorganic sources produced significantly higher grain yield over absolute control. RDN (100%) applied through fertilizers exhibited highest vegetative growth and yield attributes with maximum yield (2325 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 62,091 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.01), closely followed by 50% RDN through fertilizers + 50% RDN through vermicompost.
Evaluation of incubation-based methods for estimating virioplankton production in estuaries

Assessment of the role of viral lysis in aquatic microbial communities requires a robust means of estimating viral production (VP). Here, 3 incubation-based VP methods (fluorescently labeled viruses (FLV), dilution (DIL), and thymidine incorporation (TdR)) were evaluated in water samples from the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays. In Chesapeake Bay samples, average VP rates were 10-fold higher for FLV and DIL (~3 to 25 × 10 10 viruses l -1 d -1 ) than for TdR (~0.2 to 3 × 10 10 viruses l -1 d -1 ). Estimates of viral-mediated bacterial mortality (VMM) indicate that FLV overestimates VP in eutrophic waters, since >100% of bacterial production (BP) would have been consumed through viral lysis. DIL and TdR VP methods gave more realistic estimates of VMM with respect to BP. The FLV method provides estimates of both VP and virus removal rates; however, it requires preparation of a viral tracer and twice as many microscopic enumerations as the DIL method. DIL was the least difficult and most efficient method; however, bacterial loss during vacuum diafiltration resulted in poor replicability. TdR gave similar VP estimates to DIL, but requires use of a large and poorly constrained conversion factor. With methodological improvements in bacterial cell recovery, DIL should be the most widely applicable method for estimation of VP in highly productive estuarine waters.
Market Reaction to Announcement of Enforcement Actions against Related Party Transaction Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

The main objective of this thesis is to investigate (1) whether the enforcement actions (EAs) against related party transaction (RPT) have a negative effect on the market reaction around announcement period, and (2) what specific factors affect the market reaction. The conjecture is driven by the agency theory regarding the opportunistic behavior via RPT. The result of the first research question is benchmarked against the market reaction for the public announcements (PAs) of RPT. The second question focuses on examining two specific factors that influence the announcement effect of RPT EAs, namely, the announcement type and the transaction type. The announcement type concerns whether the rectification action could reduce the negative announcement effect of EAs. The transaction type concerns whether the non-operating RPT yields significant announcement effect than other types do. Additionally, the market reaction for the corporate governance mechanism is discussed. It is hypothesized that the market would impose a governance discount to firms engaged in RPT. Initially 84 target firms that undertook RPT between fiscal year 2000 and 2013 are selected from EAs released from January 2008 to July 2014. The matched-pair analysis is adopted for matching firms with RPT EAs to the same number of matched-pair firms with RPT PAs on one-to-one basis. Therefore, the total sample of the thesis consists of 168 Chinese publicly traded firms. The event study methodology is employed to calculate the announcement effect which is measured by the cumulative abnormal return (CAR). Quantitative methods are applied to explore the changes of CARs in response to the different factors. The main conclusion is that the RPT EAs have a significant and negative impact on the stock returns of the target firm around announcement date. And the RPT PAs have a significant and positive announcement effect. Moreover, EAs that include the rectification actions have a weakly negative announcement effect. And EAs that target on non-operating RPT have a strongly negative announcement effect. In addition, firms with RPT EAs are negatively correlated with the CEO duality. This is in contrast to the firms with RPT PAs since these firms tend to be positively correlated with the CEO duality and larger board size. The difference of the market reactions for the CEO duality between two samples might arise from the investors’ perception on the role that the dual CEO plays situated in different contexts.
Title: A reconciliation of empirical and mechanistic models of the air-sea gas transfer velocity Contributing authors:

Key points: 1. The air-sea gas transfer model presented is consistent with data on a diverse set of gases 2. Bubble-mediated air-sea gas transfer cannot be ignored in strong winds 3. How the void fraction of bubble plumes could affect air-sea gas transfer velocity is discussed. Index: 4504 (Air/sea interactions); 4599 (General or miscellaneous); 4820 (Gases) Research Article Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans DOI 10.1002/2015JC011096
Maps as social constructions: power, communication and visualization

Two developments in cartography mark an epistemic break with the assumption that maps are unproblematic communication devices. These are 1) investigations of maps as practices of power-knowledge; and 2) ‘geographic visualization’ (GVis) which uses the map's power to explore, analyze and visualize spatial datasets to understand patterns better. These developments are key components of a ‘maps as social constructions’ approach, emphasizing the genealogy of power in mapping practices, and enabling multiple, contingent and exploratory perspectives of data. Furthermore, this approach is an opportunity for cartography to renew its relationship with a critical human geography.
Education and union formation as simultaneous processes in Italy and Spain

In recent times, both the time spent on education and the age at first union formation have significantly increased in Italy and Spain. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence of the endogeneity of the two processes. We use Panel data (European Community Household Panel), which provide detailed standardised information for both countries about education and training processes as a well as household formation. The effect of unobservable characteristics affecting the two processes at the same time has been controlled for, using simultaneous hazard modelling. On the one hand, the exit from the educational system increases the risk of entering the first union. On the other hand, there exist individual unobserved characteristics that influence the occurrence of the two processes simultaneously. If these characteristics are not controlled for, the effect of a completed education on union formation becomes biased upward.
Timeliness of In-Hospital Journey of Suspected Lung Cancer Patients: From First Presentation-to-Start of Therapy

Aim: Assess timeliness of lung cancer management, causes for delays, and whether length of delays affected the prognosis. Method: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 2012 September 2014. Results: The median (range) delay in CT scan from first presentation to health care setting, “CT scan-to-first diagnostic procedure,” “first diagnostic procedure to confirmed diagnosis,” “confirmed diagnosis-to-start of treatment” was 13 (1-399), 7 (1-490), 3 (1-176), and 35 (1-150) days respectively. The median length of the journey from “CT scan-to-start of treatment,” and “first presentation to healthcare-to-start of treatment” was 56 (6-192), and 74 (2-438) days respectively. Thirty six percent waited more than 2 months to start definitive treatment from the time of their CT scan. Less-timely care correlated with those who underwent transthoracic needle aspiration, elderly males, and had non-small cell carcinoma. It also correlated with better survival 272 (18-965) vs. 97 (2-1615) days (p=0.01) due to more number of early stage lung cancer in this group (43.1% vs. 27.1%, p=0.05). Common causes of less-timely care were misdiagnosis of cancer as TB, failure of first diagnostic procedure to provide diagnosis, delay in patient`s decisions regarding initiation of therapy, and development of inter-current illness while waiting for therapy. Conclusions: Delay in the management of early stage lung cancer patients was seen. CT guided biopsy (transthoracic needle aspiration), advanced age, male gender, and NSCLC were the predictors of delay. Limited (twice weekly) availability of CT guided biopsy, misdiagnosis as TB, delayed patients` decision, and development of inter-current illness were the main causes of delay. Correlation between less timely care and better survival, attributable to the early stage indicates risk for progression of the disease and merits measures for more efficient resource allocation.
2007-09 Multifactor Productivity and its Determinants : An Empirical Analysis for Mexican Manufacturing Héctor

We use data from the Annual Industrial Survey for 1996-2003. First, we estimate production functions by means of growth accounting exercises and panel data econometrics for the whole sector and for 14 comprehensive groups. Various measures of Multifactor Productivity (MFP) are constructed, as we consider diverse combinations of inputs with capital, labour, electricity and transport. This allows us to compare MFP growth rates between groups. Second, we analyse econometrically some of the determinants of MFP and Labour Productivity (LP) growth. We find that, on the one hand, there is some evidence of a positive relationship between market concentration and technology adoption; on the other hand, both technology adoption and human capital seem to be promoting productivity, whilst market concentration is exerting a negative influence on it. In sum, our results suggest that, once controlling for the effect on technology adoption, more concentration (conversely, less competition) has a negative impact on productivity.
What influences net interest rate margins? Developed versus developing countries

This paper attempts to identify the main determinants of net interest rate margins for a group of developed and developing countries. The methodology follows a two-step GMM dynamic panel data regression and also applies the Lerner index in order to account for competition considerations. The results are divided into three: a) the entire sample; b) the group of developed countries; and c) the group of developing countries. The main results suggest that the main determinants of net interest rate margins in developed countries include: operating costs, capital adequacy, interest rate risk, the size of banks, the inflation rate, economic growth and the level of tax. Whereas the main determinants of the net interest rate margin in developing countries include: capital adequacy, credit risk, implicit interest payments, cost of holding reserves, the efficiency level and the level of taxes. Overall, operating expenses is the most important variable responsible for increased net interest rate margins for the entire sample. The findings also establish no relationships between the Lerner index and net interest rate margins.
Antioxidant activity of three different Serbian floral honeys

In this study, three Serbian honey samples (Acacia, Linden and "Homoljski med") were analyzed to determine their total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant content, as well as their in vitro antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of honeys was examined by different tests, including the reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. In addition, correlations between the antioxidant activity and total phenolic, as well as flavonoid content were also sought. The highest content of total phenolics (27.44 mg/100 g), flavonoids (9.78 mg/100 g), reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were obtained in the case of Linden honey. The EC50 values of the Linden honey, determined based on the reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity, were 24.17 mg/ml and 51.34 mg/ml, respectively. Also, the antioxidant content was highest for Linden honey, and it valued 5.45 mg QEAC/100 g (expressed as mg of quercetin equivalent antioxidant content - QEAC per 100 g of honey) and 7.82 mg AEAC/100 g (expressed as mg of ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant content - AEAC per 100 g of honey). Also, a linear correlation was observed between the antioxidant activity and total phenolics, as well as total flavonoids.
Allelopathic tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties to dodder (Cuscuta epithymum L.)

Allelopathic effects of cold water extracts of Cuscuta epithymum L. on seed germination and initial development of Medicago sativa L. varieties were investigated under laboratory conditions at the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, during 2016-2017. It was found that the water extracts from dry biomass of C. epithymum had a considerably stronger inhibitory effect on the studied M. sativa varieties (IR 32.7-100.0 %), as compared to the extracts of fresh biomass (IR 0.2-40.5%). Depending on the kind of C. epithymum extract (fresh or dry parasitic weed biomass), IRs for seed germination of the tested M. sativa varieties could be conventionally classified into five groups: 1) seed germination stimulation, -1.4% – extracts from fresh biomass affecting the variety „Multifoliolate“; 2) seed germination inhibition of 0.1-10% – extracts prepared from fresh biomass affecting the varieties „Prista 3“, „Pleven 6“, „Prista 5“ and „Obnova“; 3) seed germination inhibition of 11-20% – extracts from fresh biomass affecting the varieties „Roly“ and „Victoria“; 4) seed germination inhibition of 30-45% – extracts from dry biomass affecting the variety „Multifoliolate“; 5) seed germination inhibition of 46-60% – extracts from dry biomass affecting the varieties „Prista 5“, „Prista 3“, „Victoria“, „Roly“, „Dara“, „Pleven 6“ and „Obnova“. The varieties „Victoria“, „Prista 5“ and „Multifoliolate“ of M. sativa possess some allelopathic tolerance because their germination indexes (GI) range from 80.5 to 88.7 % for the extracts prepared from fresh weed biomass of C. epithymum, and from 47.1 to 48.6% for the extracts from dry weed biomass, compared to control treatment. These varieties can be used as components in future breeding programmes.
Sport Website Interactivity Effects An Analysis of the Relationships between Interactivity, Attitudes, and Intentions to Revisit

The purpose of this study was to examine the theoretical relationships between three dimensions of interactivity (i.e., active user control, two-way communication, and real-time information) and website effectiveness variables (i.e., attitudes toward the sport website and intentions to revisit). In addition, this study compared the proposed interactivity model with a rival model to identify the role of attitude as a mediating factor. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with a convenience sample of 235 participants revealed that the proposed interactivity model performed better and was more parsimonious than the rival model. The results also indicated that the variable relating to attitudes toward the sport website was a significant mediating element between the three dimensions of interactivity and intentions to revisit the sport website.
Creating Inclusive Teams Through Perceptions of Supplementary and Complementary Person–Team Fit

Using a multi-wave, multi-level design, this study unravels the impact of subjective (dis)similarities in teams on team effectiveness. Based on optimal distinctiveness theory and the social inclusion model, we assume combined effects of individual and shared perceptions of supplementary and complementary person–team fit on affective and performance-based outcomes. Furthermore, at the team level, we expect this relationship to be mediated by team cohesion. In a sample of 121 participants (across 30 teams), we found that teams in which members share perceptions of high supplementary as well as high complementary fit outperform those in which they do not. In addition, members of such teams report higher levels of team satisfaction and viability. Both of these occur through positive effects on the cohesion within the team. Thereby, our results support the central tenet of the social inclusion model. At the individual level, this enhancing effect of the interaction was not supported, providing additional evidence for considering perceived person–team fit as a collective construct.