Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are cancer survivors following the national comprehensive cancer network health behavior guidelines? An assessment of patients attending a cancer survivorship clinic

ABSTRACT Purpose: Engaging in positive health behaviors post-treatment is important for cancer survivors' health. However, little is known about whether survivors are practicing health promoting behaviors. We aimed to explore whether survivors are meeting the recent health behavior guidelines set forth by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and to examine associations between health behaviors and distress. Methods: Sixty-six survivors completed a cross-sectional questionnaire assessing health behaviors prior to an initial appointment at a survivorship care clinic. Information about sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables and six health behavior recommendations, including physical activity, sunscreen use, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, weight management, and annual primary care provider visits, was collected. Findings: Only 7.6% of survivors met all six NCCN health behavior guidelines. One in ten (10.6%) survivors had smoked a cigarette in the previous 30 days, and half did not use sunscreen regularly (50%), had an unhealthy body mass index (53%), and did not engage in >10 MET-h/week of physical activity (50%). Approximately 1 in 6 (15.1%) survivors reported drinking beyond the recommended limit, and a similar proportion had not seen a PCP in the previous year (27.3%). Clinically significant levels of distress (>5; range 0–10) on the NCCN distress scale were reported by 64.6% of survivors. Participants with clinical levels of distress were less likely to adhere to health behavior guidelines than those who were not distressed (p = .002). Conclusions: Overall, survivors engaged at a survivorship clinic did not meet the NCCN recommended health behavior guidelines. Implications for Psychosocial Providers or Policy: Survivors' health behaviors and distress should be assessed and intervened upon during survivorship care. Survivorship clinics may provide a unique forum in which to provide ongoing behavioral health counseling and psychosocial support for these patients.
An Exploration into Coach Experiences of the England DNA – A New Initiative Outlined by the Football Association

The current study has two main aims. Firstly, the predominant aim of this research is to identify the experiences of FA Skills coaches working within the EDNA framework. Secondly, this hopes to contribute to the understanding and knowledge of English coaches working at the foundation phase (ages 5-11) of participation by providing recommendations for future dissemination of the initiative. The main purposes of this study were researched using an Interpretive Description methodology, adopting semi-structured interviews to collect the findings. A total of nine participants (7 males, 2 females) were interviewed across four English County FA’s, located in three separate geographic regions. The semi-structured interviews were able to outline 6 main categories in the findings: 1) Being an FA Skills Coach; 2) Developmental Philosophy; 3) Embedding DNA within Sessions; 4) Impact of EDNA; 5) Benefits and Challenges of EDNA; 6) Future Enhancement. The main findings detailed how coaches regarded the initiative as a positive impact on coaching as it provided a vision and framework for coaches to follow. However, the participants also stated how CPD must become more accessible and relatable to a grassroots audience if it is to achieve ‘buy-in’. The core findings of this study provide an insight into coaches working full-time for The FA, with the responsibility of delivering the EDNA framework. This study has also highlighted areas that need greater focus in order to educate coaches on the benefits of the initiative. Future research must continue to establish English football coaches as a focal point if The FA is to improve the professional development of this cohort.
[Olive oil consumption and incidence of diabetes mellitus, in the Spanish sun cohort].

INTRODUCTION The beneficial effects of the overall Mediterranean dietary pattern on cardiovascular risk factors and on carbohydrate metabolism are well known; however, it is unclear whether the consumption of olive oil in particular is able to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the specific effect of olive oil consumption on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large Spanish cohort (the SUN Project). METHODS We followed up 10,491 participants for a median of 5.7 years. Habitual diet was assessed at baseline with a semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire previously validated in Spain. The outcome of interest was incident type 2 diabetes diagnosed by a physician and confirmed by review of a medical report. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for incident type 2 diabetes for each of the 4 upper quintiles of olive oil consumption using the lowest quintile as the reference were assessed using logistic regression models. RESULTS At baseline mean age was 38.9 + 11.38 year with a BMI of 23.8 + 3.41 kg/m². Forty two new cases of diabetes mellitus were diagnosed during follow-up. The adjusted odds ratio for the highest vs. the lowest quintile of consumption of olive oil was 1.11 (95% CI: 0.45-2.78; p for trend = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS We found no association between olive oil consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The lack of association could be attributed to the small number of observed incident cases of diabetes. Further studies in Mediterranean countries with a longer follow-up and a higher baseline risk are needed to evaluate this association.
Bottled Water: How Safe Is It?

Sales of bottled water have increased dramatically in recent years, with worldwide sales of more than $35 billion, largely because of the public perception of purity and safety and public concern about the quality of tap water. Presently, there are no Food and Drug Administration (Washington, D.C.) recommendations regarding temperature and duration of storage for bottled water once it is opened and used. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of time and storage temperature on bacterial growth and characterize the types of microorganisms contaminating bottled water after drinking once from the bottle. Bottled and tap water were tested using standard microbiology culture techniques. The bacterial count in bottled water increased dramatically, from less than 1 colony per milliliter (col/mL) to 38 000 col/mL over 48 hours of storage at 37°C. Bacterial growth was markedly reduced at cold temperatures (refrigeration) compared with room temperature, with 50% fewer bacterial colonies in 24 hours and 84% fewer colonies in 48 hours. Interestingly, tap water resulted in only minimal growth, especially at cold temperatures (<100 col/mL at 48 hours). These findings may be useful to increase public awareness and development of guidelines on storage temperature and expiration time for bottled water once it is opened and used.
Isolated oligodontia associated with mutations in EDARADD, AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 genes

Oligodontia is defined as the congenital lack of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars. Oligodontia as well as hypodontia (lack of one or more permanent teeth) are highly heritable conditions associated with mutations in the AXIN2, MSX1, PAX9, EDA, and EDAR genes. Here we define the prevalence of mutations in the AXIN2, MSX1, PAX9, EDA, and EDAR genes, and the novel candidate gene EDARADD in a cohort of 93 Swedish probands with non‐syndromic, isolated oligodontia. Mutation screening was performed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and DNA sequence analysis. Analyses of the coding sequences of the six genes showed sequence alterations predicted to be damaging or potentially damaging in ten of 93 probands (10.8%). Mutations were identified in the EDARADD (n = 1), AXIN2 (n = 3), MSX1 (n = 2), and PAX9 (n = 4) genes, respectively. None of the 10 probands with mutations had other self‐reported symptoms from ectodermal tissues. The oral parameters were similar when comparing individuals with and without mutations but a family history of oligodontia was three times more frequent for probands with mutations. EDARADD mutations have previously been reported in a few families segregating hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and this is, to our knowledge, the first report of an EDARADD mutation associated with isolated oligodontia. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of anesthesia on ocular effects and temperature in rabbit eyes exposed to microwaves

To investigate the effect of systemic anesthesia on ocular effects and temperature in rabbit eyes exposed to microwaves, one eye each of 43 male pigmented rabbits (Dutch, 1.8–2.2 kg) was exposed at 2.45 GHz for 60–20 min (300 mW/cm2; 108 W/kg), either under anesthesia (ketamine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg) + xylazine (0.23 mg/kg)) or without anesthesia. Changes in the anterior segment were evaluated by image analysis utilizing a Scheimpflug camera, specular microscopy, and a laser flare cell meter. Temperatures within the eye were measured during microwave exposure by a Fluoroptic thermometer. The exposed eyes showed miosis, conjunctival congestion, corneal edema, and an increase in the light scattering of the anterior shallow cortex in the pupillary area of the lens. The group under systemic anesthesia showed much stronger symptoms than those treated without anesthesia. All of the anterior ocular changes disappeared within a week. The highest temperature during exposure was in the vitreous, followed by the anterior chamber, and the retrobulbar cavity of the orbit. The ocular temperatures of the rabbits under systemic anesthesia were 2–9 °C higher than those without anesthesia. Body temperature showed an increase of 1 °C during the exposure. Acute high intensity microwave exposure temporarily induced anterior segments inflammation and lens changes. The more pronounced ocular effects in the anesthetized rabbits were associated with the significantly higher ocular temperatures in the anesthetized animals. The influence of systemic anesthesia on ocular changes should be considered. Bioelectromagnetics 25:228–233, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptin administration exacerbates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in mice.

AIM To investigate the effects of leptin administration on liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA). METHODS Twenty-four male C57Bl/6 mice were randomly allocated into four groups, which were intra-peritoneally given saline (2 mL/kg), leptin (1 mg/kg), TAA (200 mg/kg), TAA (200 mg/kg) plus leptin (1 mg/kg) respectively, thrice a week. All mice were killed after 4 wk. The changes in biochemical markers, such as the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver were determined. For histological analysis, liver tissues were fixed with 10% buffered formalin, embedded with paraffin. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and picric acid-Sirius red dyeing were performed. The level of alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA in liver tissues was analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS Apparent liver fibrosis was found in TAA group and TAA plus leptin group. Compared to saline group, the levels of ALT and AST in serum and MDA in liver increased in TAA group (205.67+/-27.69 U/L vs 50.67+/-10.46 U/L, 177.50+/-23.65 U/L vs 76.33+/-12.27 U/L, 2.60+/-0.18 nmol/mg pro vs 1.91+/-0.14 nmol/mg pro, P<0.01) and in TAA plus leptin group (256.17+/-22.50 U/L vs 50.67+/-10.46 U/L, 234.17+/-27.37 U/L vs 76.33+/-12.27 U/L, 2.97+/-0.19 nmol/mg pro vs 1.91+/-0.14 nmol/mg pro, P<0.01). The level of SOD in livers decreased (51.80+/-8.36 U/mg pro vs 81.52+/-11.40 U/mg pro, 35.78+/-6.11 U/mg pro vs 81.52+/- 11.40 U/mg pro, P<0.01) and the level of alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA in liver tissues also increased (0.28+/-0.04 vs 0.11+/- 0.02, 0.54+/-0.07 vs 0.11+/-0.02, P<0.01). But no significant changes were found in leptin group and saline group. Compared to TAA group, ALT, AST, MDA, and alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA and grade of liver fibrosis in TAA plus leptin group increased (256.17+/-22.50 U/L vs 205.67+/- 27.69 U/L, P<0.05; 234.17+/-27.37 U/L vs 177.50+/-23.65 U/L, P<0.05; 2.97+/-0.19 nmol/mg pro vs 2.60+/-0.18 nmol/mg pro, P<0.05; 0.54+/-0.07 vs 0.28+/-0.04, P<0.01; 3.17 vs 2.00, P<0.05), and the level of SOD in liver decreased (35.78+/-6.11 U/mg pro vs 51.80+/-8.36 U/mg pro, P<0.05). There were similar changes in the degree of type I collagen deposition confirmed by picric acid-Sirius red dyeing. CONCLUSION Leptin can exacerbate the degree of TAA-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Leptin may be an important factor in the development of liver fibrosis.
Hours risk, wage risk, and life-cycle labor supply

We decompose permanent earnings risk into contributions from hours and wage shocks. In order to distinguish between hours shocks and labor supply reactions to wage shocks we use a life-cycle model of consumption and labor supply. Estimating our model with the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) shows that both permanent wage and hours shocks play an important role in explaining the cross-sectional variance in earnings growth, but wage risk has greater relevance. Allowing for hours shocks improves the model fit considerably. The empirical strategy allows for the estimation of the Marshallian labor supply elasticity without the use of consumption or asset data. We find this elasticity on average to be negative, but small. The degree of consumption insurance implied by our results is in line with recent estimates in the literature.
Improved Air Quality in Reunified Germany and Decreases in Respiratory Symptoms

Background. Previous research on air pollution effects has found associations with chronic adverse health effects even at the relatively low levels of ambient particulates currently measured in most urban areas. Methods. We assessed the impact of declines of total suspended particulates and sulfur dioxide in eastern Germany after reunification on the prevalence of nonallergic respiratory disorders in children. In the 1990s, particle mass (total suspended particulates) and sulfur dioxide declined, whereas number concentrations of nucleation-mode particles (10–30 nm) increased. In three study areas, questionnaires for 7,632 children between 5 and 14 years of age were collected in three phases: 1992–1993, 1995–1996, and 1998–1999. Results. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for a 50-&mgr;g/m3 increment in total suspended particulates were 3.0 (CI = 1.7–5.3) for bronchitis, 2.6 (CI = 1.0–6.6) for sinusitis, and 1.9 (CI = 1.2–3.1) for frequent colds. The effect sizes for a 100-&mgr;g/m3 increment in sulfur dioxide were similar. The effect estimates for ambient total suspended particulates and sulfur dioxide were stronger among children not exposed to gas stove emissions, visible molds or dampness, cats, or environmental tobacco smoke. Conclusions. The decreasing prevalence of nonallergic respiratory symptoms, along with improvements in ambient particle mass and sulfur dioxide (but not in nucleation-mode particles), indicates the reversibility of adverse health effects in children. This adds further evidence of a causal association between combustion-related air pollutants and childhood respiratory symptoms.
Morphological changes during postembryonic development in two species of neotropical harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores, Cranaidae)

Morphological changes during postembryonic development in the Cranaidae are described on the basis of the examination of an incomplete series of larvae, nymphs, and adults of Phareicranaus calcariferus and Santinezia serratotibialis. The life histories of these species are hypothesized to consist of six nymphal stages, featuring the appearance of secondary male sexual characteristics in the antepenultimate nymph (N5). Color and body shape change dramatically during development. Growth rates for nymphs based upon leg measurements were similar for both species. In S. serratotibialis, the greatest increase in leg size occurred from larva to 1st nymph. The tarsomeres of legs I–IV varied by 1–2 segments per leg for each nymph stage, with the number of tarsal segments increased by 1–2 segments at each stage. Adults had nearly twice as many tarsomeres on leg II than other legs. Ontogenetic changes were observed in the armature of the proximal cheliceral segment, ocularium, pedipalp, opisthosoma, distitarsus III and IV, and leg IV. Morphological changes in postembryonic development in cranaid harvestmen are similar to those reported for other Laniatores. J. Morphol. , 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex differences in cell proliferation and glucocorticoid responsiveness in the zebra finch brain

Neural proliferation is a conserved property of the adult vertebrate brain. In mammals, stress reduces hippocampal neuronal proliferation and the effect is stronger in males than in females. We tested the effects of glucocorticoids on ventricular zone cell proliferation in adult zebra finches where neurons are produced that migrate to and incorporate within the neural circuits controlling song learning and performance. Adult male zebra finches sing and have an enlarged song circuitry; females do not sing and the song circuit is poorly developed. Freshly prepared slices from adult males and females containing the lateral ventricles were incubated with the mitotic marker BrdU with or without steroid treatments. BrdU‐labeled cells were revealed immunocytochemically and all labeled cells within the ventricular zone were counted. We identified significantly higher rates of proliferation along the ventricular zone of males than in females. Moreover, acute administration of corticosterone significantly reduced proliferation in males with no effects in females. This effect in males was replicated by RU‐486, which appears to act as an agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor in the songbird brain. The corticosterone effect was reversed by Thiram, which disrupts corticosterone action on the glucocorticoid receptor. Sex differences in proliferation and responses to stress hormones may contribute to the sexually dimorphic and seasonal growth of the neural song system of songbirds.
Nonoperative management of splenic and hepatic trauma in the multiply injured pediatric and adolescent patient.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether nonoperative management of splenic and hepatic injury in the multiply injured pediatric and adolescent patient is both safe and efficacious. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Level 1 trauma center. PATIENTS All patients younger than 19 years old who suffered trauma to the spleen or liver between February 1978 and December 1991 (n = 103) were retrospectively identified by a trauma registry. These patients were divided into three groups: the group as a whole, those suffering multiple injuries, and those suffering either head injury or injury remote from the abdomen that required operative repair. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Injury severity and outcome within each group of patients were compared based on whether the splenic or hepatic injury was managed operatively or nonoperatively. RESULTS Mean Injury Severity Scores among the multiply injured patients were not different depending on whether the splenic or hepatic injury was managed nonoperatively or operatively. Except for a higher incidence of transfusion requirement among patients who were treated operatively, measures of morbidity among the multiply injured patients did not differ based on treatment. The success rates of nonoperative treatment among all patients, those with multiple injuries, and those with either head injury or remote injury that required surgery were 94%, 90%, and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSION Nonoperative management of splenic and hepatic injury in multiply injured pediatric and adolescent patients, including those with head injury and injury remote from the abdomen that requires surgical intervention, is successful and is not associated with a prohibitive morbidity.
Population pharmacokinetics of indinavir alone and in combination with ritonavir in HIV-1-infected patients.

AIMS The aim of the study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of indinavir, define the relationship between the pharmacokinetics of indinavir and ritonavir, and to identify the factors influencing the pharmacokinetics of indinavir alone or when given with ritonavir. METHODS HIV-1-infected patients being treated with an indinavir-containing regimen were included. During regular visits, 102 blood samples were collected for the determination of plasma indinavir and ritonavir concentrations. Full pharmacokinetic curves were available from 45 patients. Concentrations of indinavir and ritonavir were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effect modelling (NONMEM). RESULTS The disposition of indinavir was best described by a single compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. Values for the clearance, volume of distribution and the absorption rate constant were 46.8 l h(-1) (24.2% IIV), 82.3 l (24.6% IIV) and 02.62 h(-1), respectively. An absorption lag-time of 0.485 h was detected in patients also taking ritonavir. Furthermore this drug, independent of dose (100-400 mg) or plasma concentration, decreased the clearance of indinavir by 64.6%. In contrast, co-administration of efavirenz or nevirapine increased the clearance of indinavir by 41%, irrespective of the presence or absence of ritonavir. Female patients had a 48% higher apparent bioavailability of indinavir than males. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic parameters of indinavir were adequately described by our population model. Female gender and concomitant use of ritonavir and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors strongly influenced the pharmacokinetics of this drug. The results support the concept of ritonavir boosting, maximum inhibition of indinavir metabolized being observed at 100 mg.
Is Allergic Rhinitis a Factor That Affects Success of Tympanoplasty?

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of allergic rhinitis on the success of the operation in chronic otitis surgery by using score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study; 121 patients, who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty were examined retrospectively. SFAR of all patients were recorded. The graft success rates of 26 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 95 patients with no allergic rhinitis group (NAR) were compared. RESULTS While the graft success rate in NAR group was 89.5%, this rate was 80.8% in the AR group. However, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.311). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that allergic rhinitis decreases the graft success rate of the pathologies occurring in eustachian tube, middle ear and mastoid although statistically significant difference wasn't found. Prospective studies with larger patient groups are required in order to evaluate this pathology.