Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Stackelberg Routing in General Networks

We investigate the impact of Stackelberg routing in network routing games. In this setting, a fraction α of the entire demand is first routed by a central authority, called the Stackelberg leader, while the remaining demand is then routed by selfish (nonatomic) players. The aim is to devise Stackelberg strategies, i.e., strategies to route the centrally controlled demand, so as to minimize the price of anarchy of the resulting flow. Although several advances have been made recently in proving that Stackelberg routing may in fact significantly reduce the price of anarchy for certain network topologies, it is still an open question whether this holds true in general. We answer this question negatively. We prove that the price of anarchy achievable via Stackelberg routing can be unbounded even for single-commodity networks. In light of this negative result, we consider bicriteria bounds. We develop an efficiently computable Stackelberg strategy that induces a flow whose cost is at most the cost of an optimal flow with respect to demands scaled by a factor of 1+ √ 1−α. Thus, we obtain a smooth trade-off curve that scales between the absence of centralized control (doubling the demands is sufficient) and completely centralized control (no scaling is necessary). Finally, we analyze the effectiveness of a simple Stackelberg strategy, called SCALE, for polynomial latency functions. Our analysis is based on a general technique which is simple, yet powerful enough to obtain (almost) tight bounds for SCALE in general networks. For linear latency functions, we derive an upper bound that matches the current best one and show that this bound is tight. For general polynomial latency functions, we obtain upper bounds that improve all previously known ones.
A New Method to Accelerate PPP Convergence Time by using a Global Zenith Troposphere Delay Estimate Model

This paper presents a new algorithm to accelerate Precise Point Positioning (PPP) convergence. The main idea is to consider the station tropospheric zenith total delay, which is obtained by a global zenith troposphere delay estimate model, as virtual observation and combine it with phase and pseudo-range observations to formulate observation equations. Without relying on any other external enhancement information, it only requires four satellites to quickly complete the positioning with centimetre-level accuracy. Compared with the conventional method, the new one brings about 15% improvement in convergence time.
School dropout among orphans in Oshana region - Namibia

This research seeks to investigate why some orphaned children drop out of school in Oshana region, Namibia, despite concerted efforts by the Government Republic of Namibia and other stake holders to keep them at school. The study aimed to identify the indicators preceding AIDS orphaned children dropping out of schools in the Oshana region-Namibia. A cross-sectional study, which adopted both quantitative and qualitative approaches, was used to gain a complete picture of the situation of orphans and school dropouts from the perspective of school teachers, learners, and orphans who have already dropped out of school. It was found that many orphans still face many challenges and to some, continuing with schooling is a luxury that is ill afforded. The total percentages of learners that dropped out of school are: 52.9% orphans in grades 7 and 8 in 2009 while 41.7% dropped out in 2010. Poor awareness of Government support initiatives, poor psychosocial support, leaving school to grieve the death of a parent and working to earn income, ranked amongst the highest reasons some orphans dropped out of school. Provision of material resources in addition to human torch as demonstrated by majority of life skill teachers towards the well-being of AIDS orphans have greatly ameliorated the self-worth and schooling of orphans.
Enzymic Degradation of Pectic Acid: Part I. Limited Hydrolysis of Pectic Acids by Carrot Exopolygalacturonase

EXPERIMENTAL AND RESULTS Analytical Methods. D-Galacturonic acid was de termined by a colorimetric procedure described by Rahman and Joslyns6). Reducing power of reaction mixtures was measured by a modification of the Willstatter-Schudel method7). Protein concentration was determined by the Folin-Lowry method modified by Hagiwaras8), with use of bovine plasma albumin as a standard. Assays of enzymic activity were done at 35•Ž.
Calibration Models and System Development for Compressive Sensing with Micromirror Arrays

Profeta, Rebecca L. M.S.E.E. , Department of Electrical Engineering, Wright State University, 2017. Calibration Models and System Development for Compressive Sensing with Micromirror Arrays. Compressive sensing (CS) is an active research field focused on finding solutions to sparse linear inverse problems, i.e. estimating a signal using fewer linear measurements than there are unknowns. The assumption of signal sparsity makes solutions to this otherwise ill-posed problem possible and has lead to a number of technological innovations such as smaller and less expensive cameras that capture high resolution imagery, low-power radar systems, and accelerated MRI scanners. In this thesis, we present the development of a hardware CS imaging system using a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) providing spatial light modulation via an array of micromirrors that can be programmatically controlled to produce automated measurements. Additionally, we develop a number of new DMD-specific calibration models intended to capture the physical attributes of micromirrors and the end-to-end data collection system. Algorithms are derived to fit the calibration models from training data, and resultant CS reconstructions demonstrate a substantial reduction in image estimation error while reducing the number of required measurements by fifty percent, relative to current baseline calibration methods.
Aetiology Severity Location of lesions Root Trunk Cord Nerve Upper Mid Lower Medial Lateral Posterior Radial Automobile Mild

Objective: The study aims to characterise the electrodiagnostic findings of patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) in India and to analyse the association between aetiologies and levels of injuries. Methods: A total of 111 consecutive electrodiagnostic studies done between January 2009 and June 2011 on persons with traumatic BPI were retrospectively analysed. Setting: Electrodiagnostic Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in a tertiary care university teaching hospital in South India. Main outcome measures: Nerve conduction velocities and electromyography (EMG) to locate the level of BPI, Dumitru and Wilbourne scale to assess the severity of BPI. Results: We studied 106 males and five females, ranging from 11 to 59 years of age. All but one had unilateral BPI. Motorcycle crashes were the most frequent cause (n = 64, 58%). Isolated supraclavicular injury was found in 98 arms (88%) and infraclavicular injury in seven arms (6%). Root-level injuries were more common in motorcycle crashes and occupation-related trauma, while trunk-level injuries were more often found in automobile crashes, falls, bicycle-related trauma and penetrating wounds. Pan root (C5-T1) involvement was more common in the motorcycle trauma group (74%). There was no significant association between aetiologies and levels of BPIs. A total of 73 (65%) plexus injuries were of ‘severe’ category as per Dumitru and Wilbourn scale. Conclusions: Motorcycle crash is the most common cause of traumatic BPIs. Supraclavicular injury is the rule in most cases. Proper attention needs to be given to differentiate the mild to moderate injuries from the severe injuries with EMG techniques since most of the cases are severe. There was no significant association found between aetiologies and levels of injury. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Provision of Relative Performance Feedback: An Analysis of Performance and Satisfaction

This paper studies the effect of providing relative performance feedback on individuals’ performance, under two incentive schemes. In a laboratory setup, agents perform a real-effort task. We show that relative performance feedback increases performance when performance is related to pay (piece-rate) but has no effect on performance when pay is independent of performance (flat-rate). These effects are independent of the agent's relative position. Subjects are also asked to rate their satisfaction during the experiment. We find that under flat-rate, feedback has no effect on agents’ satisfaction, while under piece-rate, feedback about relative position affects satisfaction.
Origin and Evolution of Magnetic Field in PMS Stars: Influence of Rotation and Structural Changes

During stellar evolution, especially in the pre-main-sequence phase, stellar structure and rotation evolve significantly, causing major changes in the dynamics and global flows of the star. We wish to assess the consequences of these changes on stellar dynamo, internal magnetic field topology, and activity level. To do so, we have performed a series of 3D HD and MHD simulations with the ASH code. We choose five different models characterized by the radius of their radiative zone following an evolutionary track computed by a 1D stellar evolution code. These models characterized stellar evolution from 1 to 50 Myr. By introducing a seed magnetic field in the fully convective model and spreading its evolved state through all four remaining cases, we observe systematic variations in the dynamical properties and magnetic field amplitude and topology of the models. The five MHD simulations develop a strong dynamo field that can reach an equipartition state between the kinetic and magnetic energies and even superequipartition levels in the faster-rotating cases. We find that the magnetic field amplitude increases as it evolves toward the zero-age main sequence. Moreover, the magnetic field topology becomes more complex, with a decreasing axisymmetric component and a nonaxisymmetric one becoming predominant. The dipolar components decrease as the rotation rate and the size of the radiative core increase. The magnetic fields possess a mixed poloidal-toroidal topology with no obvious dominant component. Moreover, the relaxation of the vestige dynamo magnetic field within the radiative core is found to satisfy MHD stability criteria. Hence, it does not experience a global reconfiguration but slowly relaxes by retaining its mixed stable poloidal-toroidal topology.
STUDENTS’ SOCIAL ACTIVITIES, VALUES, MEANINGFULNESS OF LIFE AND SELF-CONFIDENCE

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a model that describes the relations between participation of students in social activities oriented toward helping others, their values, namely, discrepancy between importance and attainability of values, meaningfulness of life and self-confidence. The sample consisted of 103 students aged from 18 to 41, 28.2 % were males and 71.8 % were females. In this research the M. Rokeach technique as modified by E. B. Fantalova, the Meaning-in-Life Orientations test (MOL) developed by D. A. Leontiev, the Self-confidence scale of the “Research of self-attitude” questionnaire (RS) developed by V. V. Stolin and S. R. Pantelejew, and questions from the third European Quality of Life Survey, which measure participation in social activities oriented towards helping others, were used. The first three instruments were translated into Latvian by S. Jirgena (now Mihailova). Validity and reliability of the Latvian versions of the MOL and the RS Self-confidence scale were evaluated, and the Latvian versions of both scales were modified. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used in order to test a theoretically developed model of students’ participation in social activities oriented towards helping others/ discrepancy between importance and attainability of values and meaningfulness of life outcome, and meaningfulness of life and self-confidence outcome. Firstly, it was found that discrepancy between importance and attainability of students’ values is not related to meaningfulness of life. In its turn, it was revealed that participation in such social activity as doing unpaid voluntary work in education, cultural and professional associations has a positive impact on meaningfulness of life and, in its turn, meaningfulness of life has a positive impact on selfconfidence.
Reproductive potentials, meat yield and egg quality characteristics of indigenous dwarf chicken of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to investigate reproductive potentialities, meat yield and egg quality characteristics of indigenous dwarf chicken (IDC) of Bangladesh under intensive management condition. The experiment was conducted at BAU Poultry farm for a period of 26 months from March 2013 to April 2015.A total of 499 eggs were incubated to examine hatching performance, 64 eggs were used to determine egg quality characteristics and 33 birds of 24 weeks age were slaughtered to investigate meat yield characteristics. The mean of hatching egg weight and IDC chick weight were 39.81g and 26.68g, respectively. Estimated chick weight was 67.19% of the egg weight. The average mature body weight and age at sexual maturity of IDC was 1093.20 g and 166.53 d, respectively. The average hen day egg production of IDC up to 32 and 75 weeks of age was 55.22 and 37.43%, respectively. The estimated fertility and hatchability of IDC eggs were 78.36 and 71.80%. Among the meat yield parameters considered, dressed weight, breast weight and thigh meat weight varied significantly (P<0.05) between the males from IDC and the chicken with normal size shank (CNS). IDC also differed significantly (P<0.01) from CNS in terms of neck length (P<0.01) and drumstick bone length. Egg quality parameters like egg weight, shape index, yolk diameter and egg breaking strength varied significantly (P<0.05) between IDC and CNS. In addition, eggs of IDC and CNS showed significant (P<0.01) variation in dry albumen weight and albumen dry matter percent. In conclusion, the findings of the present study provided with some basic information about the potentialities of IDC which could be utilized in future breeding program. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 416-423
The Immunology of Behavior ‖ Towards an Immunophenotype of Schizophrenia : Progress , Potential Mechanisms , and Future Directions Running Title : Schizophrenia Immunophenotype

The evidence to date, coupled with advances in immunology and genetics has afforded the field an unparalleled opportunity to investigate the hypothesis that a subset of patients with schizophrenia may manifest an immunophenotype, towards new potential diagnostics and therapeutics to reduce risk, alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life in both at-risk populations and patients with established schizophrenia. In this paper, we will first summarize the findings on immune dysfunction in schizophrenia, including 1) genetic, prenatal, and premorbid immune risk factors, and 2) immune markers across the clinical course of the disorder, including cytokines; C-reactive protein; immune cells; antibodies, autoantibodies and comorbid autoimmune disorders; complement; oxidative stress; imaging of neuroinflammation; infections; and clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents and immunotherapy. We then discuss a potential mechanistic framework towards increased understanding of a potential schizophrenia immunophenotype. We will then critically appraise the existing literature, and discuss suggestions for the future research agenda in this area that are needed to rigorously evaluate this hypothesis. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Bioelectromagnetics Poor-to-ModerateAgreementBetweenSelf andProxy InterviewsofMobilePhoneUse

In epidemiological studies, cases cannot always be interviewed due to them being too ill or already deceased. Under these circumstances, proxy interviews are often conducted; however, the veridicality of information about mobile phone use gained by proxy interviews has been doubted. The issue is undecided due to the lack of empirical data. We conducted a study of 119 heterosexual couples. Both partners answered two questionnaires about mobile phone use, one about their own use and one about their partner’s use. Overall agreement assessed using Cohen’s kappa, Passing and Bablok regression, and concordance coefficients between self and proxy data was poor to moderate (e.g., concordance coefficients of 0.55 for duration of use). The only item with good agreement was whether or not a prepaid phone was used (Cohen’s kappa 0.78 and 0.63 for male and female estimates, respectively), and to a lesser degree, the onset of mobile phone use (concordance coefficients of 0.66 and 0.61). Poorest agreement was obtained for the side of the head the mobile phone was held during calls (kappa coefficients of 0.20 and 0.24 for female and male estimates, respectively). We conclude that the assessment of mobile phone use by proxy data cannot be relied on except for information about onset of mobile phone use, use of prepaid or contract phones, and, to a lesser degree, duration of daily use. Agreement concerning the important information about side of the head the mobile phone is held during calls was poorest and only slightly better than chance. Bioelectromagnetics 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aortic Dilatation Associated with Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Relation to Sex, Hemodynamics, and Valve Morphology (The NHLBI GenTAC Registry)

This study analyzed the impact of sex, hemodynamic profile and valve fusion pattern on aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). The NHLBI GenTAC Registry provided comprehensive information on a large population of well-characterized patients with BAV. Of 969 enrolled patients with BAV, 551 (57%; 77% male) had already undergone valvular and/or aortic surgery. Echocardiographic imaging data were available on 339 unoperated or pre-operative participants who form the basis of this study. BAV function was normal in 45 (14%), with predominant regurgitation (AR) in 127 (41%), and predominant stenosis (AS) in 76 (22%). Moderate-severe AR was associated with larger sinuses of Valsalva (SOV) diameters compared to normal function and AS (all p<0.01). Moderate-severe AS was associated with larger AscAo diameter compared to normal function (p=0.003) but not to AR. SOV diameter was larger in men than women (3.7±0.7 vs. 3.3±0.6 cm, p<0.0001), whereas ascending aortic (AscAo) diameters were comparable (3.9±0.9 vs. 3.7±0.9 cm, p=0.08). Right-left commissural fusion was associated with larger SOV diameter (3.7±0.7 vs. 3.3±0.6 cm, p<0.0001) compared to right-noncoronary fusion pattern. Predominant AR was more common in men (45% vs. 27%, p=0.004) whereas AS was more common in women (29% vs. 18%, p=0.04). In conclusion, in the GenTAC Registry, AR was associated with diffuse (annular, SOV and AscAo) enlargement whereas moderate-severe AS was only associated with AscAo enlargement. Male sex and right-left cusp pattern of cusp fusion were associated with larger SOV diameters and greater likelihood of AR, whereas females had a higher prevalence of AS.
Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Rosy Barb, Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) from River Jhelum in Kashmir Valley, India

2 Abstract: This study is the first attempt to describe the monthly variation in length-weight relationship (LWR) as well as annual condition of a highly commercial aquarium fish Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) from River Jhelum in Kashmir Valley, India. A total of 527 specimens used in this study were caught with traditional fishing gear from January to December 2011. Overall, the allometric coefficient b of the LWR was found to be negatively allometric (b<3) throughout the year. The condition factor (K) showed an overt variation with highest value during the breeding season. The condition factor showed variation with total length of fish and the peak value was observed at a length of 6.25 cm. The result obtained through this study will be useful for fishery managers to impose adequate regulations for sustainable fishery management.
Active Brownian motion in two dimensions

We study the dynamics of a single active Brownian particle (ABP) in two spatial dimensions. The ABP has an intrinsic timescale ${D}_{R}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ set by the rotational diffusion constant ${D}_{R}$. We show that, at short times $t\ensuremath{\ll}{D}_{R}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, the presence of ``activeness'' results in a strongly anisotropic and nondiffusive dynamics in the $(xy)$ plane. We compute exactly the marginal distributions of the $x$ and $y$ position coordinates along with the radial distribution, which are all shown to be non-Brownian. In addition, we show that, at early times, the ABP has anomalous first-passage properties, characterized by non-Brownian exponents.
International headache society classification committee criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic carotidynia

The term carotidynia is strictly defined as ‘‘carotid pain’’ and was first used by Fay, in 1927, to describe patients presentingwithdull, throbbingpaindirectly over the carotid artery (either unilateral or bilateral) that was exacerbated with light pressure. Since then, there have been numerous reports and case series, the largest reported by Roseman in 1967. During the next several decades, carotidynia was gradually accepted as a distinct disease entity. In 1988, the International Headache Society (IHS) declared acute idiopathic carotidynia to be a separate entity using four clinical criteria for diagnosis (Table I). Advances in imaging (duplex ultrasonography, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) made it clear that many patients who previously met these clinical criteria had other causes for their neck pain, such as carotid dissection. In 1994, Biousse and Bousser’s critical review of carotidynia questioned the validity of the IHS classification of carotidynia as a separate entity. The controversy led the IHS to remove carotidynia as
The relationship between perceived competence and earned credits in competence-based higher education

We explored how two types of study outcomes, perceived competence and earned credits, are interrelated, and influenced by self-regulation, motivation (intrinsic value and expectancy of procrastination) and deep approach to learning. The relationships between these variables were analysed in a sample of 894 first-year Dutch university students, using linear structural modelling. Results show that learning process factors play other roles in explaining perceived competence than in explaining earned credits. Perceived competence and earned credits, as two sides of the same coin in competence-based education, are only weakly related. Furthermore, this study shows that it is most likely that perceived competence affects earned credits, but a model in which earned credits affects perceived competence as possible causal relationship was also accepted, although the relationship remains weak. The practical implication of this study is that, as long as perceived competence and the number of credits are not related, competence-based higher education will not obtain optimal efficiency. For participants and researchers in higher education, it remains important to be aware that different learning goals may evoke different study behaviours in students, and the challenge for higher education is to align these goals.