Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KAP study on immunization of children in a city of North India - a 30 cluster survey

Background: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices about immunization among respondents of children aged 12-23 months. Methods: A total of 510 respondents were interviewed in the urban slums of Lucknow district of India, using 30 cluster sampling technique from January 2005 to April 2005. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to elicit the information about the knowledge, attitude and practices of the respondents regarding immunization. Results: Knowledge regarding the disease prevented, number of doses and correct age of administration of BCG was highest among all the categories of respondents. The paramedical worker was the main source of information to the respondents of completely (52.0%) and partially immunized (48.5%) children while community leaders for unimmunized children. Those availing private facilities were more completely immunized, as compared to the government facilities. 55.8% of those who took 20 minutes to reach the immunization site were completely immunized as compared to 64.1% of those who took more than 20 minutes. Conclusion: Considering the incomplete knowledge, and inappropriate practices of the people, the policy makers and medical professionals require Herculean efforts to raise the knowledge and to break the old beliefs of the people
ON TIME AND MONEY DONATIONS LORENZO CAPPELLARI PAOLO GHINETTI GILBERTO TURATI CESIFO WORKING

This paper investigates the determinants of time and money gifts. We first develop a behavioural model which accounts for both types of donations, as well as for decisions about domestic and market hours of work. We then investigate the issue empirically, using survey data for Italy. Results suggest that, according to the theoretical predictions, proxies for “warm glow”, reputational concerns and (impure) altruism are important determinants of giving. Moreover, the unobservable determinants driving money and time donations are positively correlated, suggesting a certain degree of complementarity between the two decisions.
Simulation of Average Turbulent Pipe Flow: A Three-Equation Model

The aim of this study is to evaluate a three-equation turbulence model applied to pipe flow. Uncertainty is approximated by comparing with published direct numerical simulation results for fully-developed average pipe flow. The model is based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Boussinesq hypothesis is invoked for determining the Reynolds stresses. Three local length scales are solved, based on which the eddy viscosity is calculated. There are two parameters in the model; one accounts for surface roughness and the other is possibly attributed to the fluid. Error in the mean axial velocity and Reynolds stress is found to be negligible.
Blood Pressure Surge is Associated with Arterial Stiffness and Sympathetic 1 Baroreflex Sensitivity in Hypertensive Seniors 2 3

24 Morning blood pressure (BP) surge is considered to be an independent risk factor for 25 cardiovascular diseases. We tested the hypothesis that increased large-artery stiffness and 26 impaired sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) contribute to augmented morning surge in 27 elderly hypertensives. Morning surge was assessed as morning systolic BP averaged for 2 hours 28 just after waking up minus minimal sleeping systolic BP by using ambulatory BP monitoring 29 (ABPM) in 40 untreated hypertensives [68±1 (SE) yrs] and 30 normotensives (68±1 yrs). Beat30 by-beat finger BP and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded in the supine 31 position and at 60° upright tilt. We assessed arterial stiffness with carotid-to-femoral pulse wave 32 velocity (cfPWV) and sympathetic BRS during spontaneous breathing. Awake and asleep 33 ABPM-BPs and morning surge were higher in hypertensives than normotensives (all P<0.001). 34 cfPWV was higher (P=0.002) and sympathetic BRS was lower (P=0.096) in hypertensives than 35 normotensives. Hypertensives with morning surge ≥35 mmHg (median value) had higher cfPWV 36 (11.9±0.5 vs 9.9±0.4 m·s, P=0.002) and lower sympathetic BRS (supine: –2.71±0.25 vs – 37 3.73±0.29, P=0.011; upright: –2.62±0.22 vs –3.51±0.35 bursts·100 beats·mmHg, P=0.052) 38 than those with morning surge <35 mmHg. MSNA indices were similar between groups (all 39 P>0.05), while upright total peripheral resistance was higher in hypertensives with greater 40 morning surge than those with lesser morning surge (P=0.050). Morning surge was correlated 41 positively with cfPWV (r=0.59, P<0.001) and negatively with sympathetic BRS (r=0.51, 42 P<0.001) in hypertensives only. Thus, morning BP surge is associated with arterial stiffness and 43 sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity, as well as vasoreactivity during orthostasis in hypertensive 44 seniors. 45
Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy : A large series from north India

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard for gallstone disease. We present one of the largest series of LC from the high prevalence area of gallstone disease. Aim: To analyze the single-center experience with respect to conversion rate and complication rate. Settings and Design: Retrospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Data of all the patients who were operated between May 1992 and July 2005 was collected retrospectively and difficult cases were identified out of them based on the intraoperative pathology. These cases were analyzed in relation to conversion to open surgery and complication rate. Results: LC was performed in 6,380 patients at our center. Based on the criteria selected on the intraoperative pathology, 1,446 (22.66%) cases were identified as difficult cases. Laparoscopy had to be abandoned and the procedure was converted to conventional surgery in 27 patients with a conversion rate of 1.86% (n=27) of the difficult cases and 0.42% (n=27) of the total LCs done. All the conversions were in the difficult group. The most common intraoperative complication was bile duct injury (n=14) (0.96%), which led to four conversions. Conclusions: From our experience, we emphasize that the experience of the surgeon and meticulous surgical technique are the most important factors to achieve a low complication rate.
The 2015–2016 Outburst of the Classical EXor V1118 Ori

After a quiescence period of about 10 years, the classical EXor source V1118 Ori has undergone an accretion outburst in 2015 September. The maximum brightness ( mag) was reached in 2015 December and was maintained for several months. Since 2016 September, the source is in a declining phase. Photometry and low/high-resolution spectroscopy were obtained with MODS and LUCI2 at the Large Binocular Telescope, with the facilities at the Asiago 1.22 and 1.82 m telescopes, and with GIANO at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. The spectra are dominated by emission lines of H i and neutral metallic species. From line and continuum analysis we derive the mass accretion rate and its evolution during the outburst. Considering that extinction may vary between 1.5 and 2.9 mag, we obtain = 0.3–2.0 10−8 M yr−1 in quiescence and = 0.2–1.9 10−6 M yr−1 at the outburst peak. The Balmer decrement shape has been interpreted by means of line excitation models, finding that from quiescence to outburst peak, the electron density has increased from ∼2 109 cm−3 to ∼4 1011 cm−3. The profiles of the metallic lines are symmetric and narrower than 100 km s−1, while H i and He i lines show prominent wings extending up to ±500 km s−1. The metallic lines likely originate at the base of the accretion columns, where neutrals are efficiently shielded against the ionizing photons, while faster ionized gas is closer to the star. Outflowing activity is testified by the detection of a variable P Cyg-like profile of the Hα and He i 1.08 μm lines.
MID-INFRARED PROPERTIES OF OH MEGAMASER HOST GALAXIES. II. ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF THE MASER ENVIRONMENT

We present a comparison of Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) data for 51 OH megamaser (OHM) hosts and 15 non-masing ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). 10%–25% of the OHMs show evidence for the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN), significantly lower than the estimated AGN fraction from previous optical and radio studies. Non-masing ULIRGs have a higher AGN fraction (50%–95%) than OHMs, although some galaxies in both samples show evidence of co-existing starbursts and AGNs. Radiative transfer models of the dust environment reveal that non-masing galaxies tend to have clumpy dust geometries commonly associated with AGN, while OHMs have deeper absorption consistent with a smooth, thick dust shell. Statistical analyses show that the major differences between masing and non-masing ULIRGs in the mid-IR relate to the optical depth and dust temperature, which we measure using the 9.7 μm silicate depth and 30–20 μm spectral slope from the IRS data. Dust temperatures of 40–80 K derived from the IRS data are consistent with predictions of OH pumping models and with a minimum Tdust required for maser production. The best-fit dust opacities (τV ∼ 100–400), however, are nearly an order of magnitude larger than those predicted for OH inversion, and suggest that modifications to the model may be required. These diagnostics offer the first detailed test of an OHM pumping model based only on the properties of its host galaxy and provide important restrictions on the physical conditions relevant to OHM production.
Demographics and Automation

We argue theoretically and document empirically that aging leads to greater (industrial) automation, because it creates a shortage of middle-aged workers specializing in manual production tasks. We show that demographic change is associated with greater adoption of robots and other automation technologies across countries and with more robotics-related activities across U.S. commuting zones. We also document more automation innovation in countries undergoing faster aging. Our directed technological change model predicts that the response of automation technologies to aging should be more pronounced in industries that rely more on middle-aged workers and those that present greater opportunities for automation and that productivity should improve and the labor share should decline relatively in industries that are more amenable to automation. The evidence supports all four of these predictions.
THE EVOLUTION OF INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM MASS PROBED BY DUST EMISSION: ALMA OBSERVATIONS AT z = 0.3–2

The use of submillimeter dust continuum emission to probe the mass of interstellar dust and gas in galaxies is empirically calibrated using samples of local star-forming galaxies, Planck observations of the Milky Way, and high-redshift submillimeter galaxies. All of these objects suggest a similar calibration, strongly supporting the view that the Rayleigh–Jeans tail of the dust emission can be used as an accurate and very fast probe of the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies. We present ALMA Cycle 0 observations of the Band 7 (350 GHz) dust emission in 107 galaxies from z = 0.2 to 2.5. Three samples of galaxies with a total of 101 galaxies were stellar-mass-selected from COSMOS to have M* ≃ 1011 M☉: 37 at z ∼ 0.4, 33 at z ∼ 0.9, and 31 at z = 2. A fourth sample with six infrared-luminous galaxies at z = 2 was observed for comparison with the purely mass-selected samples. From the fluxes detected in the stacked images for each sample, we find that the ISM content has decreased by a factor ∼6 from 1 to 2 × 1010 M☉ at both z = 2 and 0.9 down to ∼2 × 109 M☉ at z = 0.4. The infrared-luminous sample at z = 2 shows a further ∼4 times increase in MISM compared with the equivalent non-infrared-bright sample at the same redshift. The gas mass fractions are ∼2% ± 0.5%, 12% ± 3%, 14% ± 2%, and 53% ± 3% for the four subsamples (z = 0.4, 0.9, and 2 and infrared-bright galaxies).
Unleashing the Power of Prevention

Author(s): Hawkins, J David; Jenson, Jeffrey M; Catalano, Richard; Fraser, Mark W; Botvin, Gilbert J; Shapiro, Valerie; Brown, C Hendricks; Beardslee, William; Brent, David; Leslie, Laurel K; Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane; Shea, Pat; Shih, Andy; Anthony, Elizabeth; Haggerty, Kevin P; Bender, Kimberly; Gorman-Smith, Deborah; Casey, Erin; Stone, Susan
S 1 P 3 receptor influences key physiological properties 1 of fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle 2 3

26 27 To examine the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 3 (S1P3) in modulating muscle 28 properties, we utilized transgenic mice depleted of the receptor. Morphological analyses of extensor 29 digitorum longus (EDL) muscle did not show evident differences between wild type and S1P3-null 30 mice. The body weight of three-month old S1P3-null mice and the mean cross sectional area of 31 transgenic EDL muscle fibers were similar to those of wild type. S1P3 deficiency enhanced the 32 expression level of S1P1 and S1P2 receptors mRNA in S1P3-null EDL muscle. The contractile 33 properties of S1P3-null EDL diverge from those of wild type, being largely more fatigable and less 34 able to recover. The absence of S1P3 appears responsible for a lower availability of calcium during 35 fatigue. S1P supplementation, expected to stimulate residual S1P receptors and signaling, reduced 36 fatigue development of S1P3-null muscle. Moreover, in the absence of S1P3, denervated EDL 37 atrophies less than wild type. The analysis of atrophy-related proteins in S1P3-null EDL evidences 38 high levels of the endogenous regulator of mitochondria biogenesis peroxisome proliferative 39 activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), that preserving mitochondria could protect the 40 muscle from disuse atrophy. In conclusion, the absence of S1P3 makes the muscle more sensitive to 41 fatigue and slows down atrophy development after denervation, indicating that S1P3 is involved in 42 the modulation of key physiological properties of the fast-twitch EDL muscle. 43 44 45
Procyon pygmaeus (Carnivora: Procyonidae)

Abstract Procyon pygmaeus Merriam, 1901, commonly called the Cozumel raccoon, is a procyonid that is endemic to Cozumel Island, Mexico. It is the smallest member of the genus (about 45% lighter and 15–37% smaller in linear measurements than the mainland P. lotor). P. pygmaeus prefers mangrove stands and sandy areas, but it also can be found in semievergreen and subdeciduous tropical forests and agricultural areas. Diet is primarily composed of crabs followed by fruits, insects, crayfish, and small vertebrates. P. pygmaeus is listed as “Critically Endangered” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Introduced congeners and predators, parasite and disease spillover from exotic animals, habitat fragmentation as a result of the expansion and widening of the road system and rapid development of other infrastructure for tourism, and hurricanes are the primary threats to this species.
Complexity of sampling as an order parameter

We make the case for studying the complexity of approximately simulating (sampling) quantum systems for reasons beyond that of quantum computational supremacy, such as diagnosing phase transitions. We consider the sampling complexity as a function of time t due to evolution generated by spatially local quadratic bosonic Hamiltonians. We obtain an upper bound on the scaling of t with the number of bosons n for which approximate sampling is classically efficient. We also obtain a lower bound on the scaling of t with n for which any instance of the boson sampling problem reduces to this problem and hence implies that the problem is hard, assuming the conjectures of Aaronson and Arkhipov [Proceedings of the Forty-Third Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 2011), p. 333]. This establishes a dynamical phase transition in sampling complexity. Further, we show that systems in the Anderson-localized phase are always easy to sample from at arbitrarily long times. We view these results in light of classifying phases of physical systems based on parameters in the Hamiltonian. In doing so, we combine ideas from mathematical physics and computational complexity to gain insight into the behavior of condensed matter, atomic, molecular, and optical systems.
Title : Engineering of tomato for the sustainable production of ketocarotenoids and its 3 evaluation in aquaculture feed 4 5

School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 8 0EX, United Kingdom 9 Fraunhofer Chile Research, Avenida Mariano Sánchez Fontecilla 310, Las Condes, Santiago, 10 7550296, Chile 11 Plant Biology & Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, 12 United Kingdom 13 Biosynthesis Group, Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 14 Germany 15 16 Corresponding author: Paul D. Fraser, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway 17 University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom, Tel: +44 (0)1784 18 443894, Fax: +44 (0)1784 414224, P.Fraser@rhul.ac. uk. 19 20 Short running title: Ketocarotenoids for aquaculture feed 21 22 Classification: Biological Sciences Applied Biological Sciences 23
The VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey: ~10 000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts to study galaxy assembly at early epochs 2 < z ≃ 6

We present the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS), a spectroscopic redshift survey of ∼10 000 very faint galaxies to study the major phase of galaxy assembly 2 < z ≃ 6. The survey covers 1 deg^2 in 3 separate fields: COSMOS, ECDFS and VVDS-02h, with targets selection based on an inclusive combination of photometric redshifts and color properties. Spectra covering 3650 < λ < 9350A are obtained with VIMOS on the ESO-VLT with integration times of 14h. Here we present the survey strategy, the target selection, the data processing, as well as the redshift measurement process, emphasizing the specific methods adapted to this high redshift range. The spectra quality and redshift reliability are discussed, and we derive a completeness in redshift measurement of 91%, or 74% for the most reliable measurements, down to i_(AB) = 25, and measurements are performed all the way down to i_(AB) = 27. The redshift distribution of the main sample peaks at z = 3 − 4 and extends over a large redshift range mainly in 2 < z < 6. At 3 < z < 5, the galaxies cover a large range of luminosities −23 < M_(NUV) < −20.5, stellar mass 10^9M_⊙ < M_∗ < 10^(11)M_⊙, and star formation rates 1 M_⊙/yr< S FR < 10^3M_⊙/yr. We discuss the spectral properties of galaxies using individual as well as stacked spectra. The comparison between spectroscopic and photometric redshifts as well as color selection demonstrate the effectiveness of our selection scheme. With ∼ 6000 galaxies with reliable spectroscopic redshifts in 2 < z < 6 expected when complete, this survey is the largest at these redshifts and offers the opportunity for unprecedented studies of the star-forming galaxy population and its distribution in large scale structures during the major phase of galaxy assembly.
Understanding dynamics of strategic decision-making in venture creation : a process study of effectuation and causation

This study draws upon effectuation and causation as examples of planning-based and flexible decision-making logics, and investigates dynamics in the use of both logics. The study applies a longitudinal process research approach to investigate strategic decision-making in new venture creation over time. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods, we analyze 385 decision events across nine technology-based ventures. Our observations suggest a hybrid perspective on strategic decision-making, demonstrating how effectuation and causation logics are combined, and how entrepreneurs’ emphasis on these logics shifts and re-shifts over time. We induce a dynamic model which extends the literature on strategic decision-making in venture creation.
Critical Fluctuation-Induced Thinning of 4 He Films near the Superfluid Transition

We report dielectric constant measurements showing critical fluctuation-induced thinning of 4He films near the superfluid transition. The films are adsorbed on a stack of copper electrodes suspended at different heights above bulk liquid. We calibrate the measurements by assuming that the film thickness away from the transition region at different heights is accurately given by theory. The thinning is found to be consistent with finite-size scaling, if the value of the scaling function for each thickness is normalized by its value at the minimum.
CANADIAN ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE ALLIANCE 1 FUNGAL INFECTIONS

Fungi are quite distinct from bacteria in size, cellular structure and chemical composition. These organisms are considered “higher beings” compared with bacteria. They may contain one nucleus or a multiple nuclei surrounded by a specific cell wall. However, their life cycle varies from simple to complex and they may reproduce by both asexual and sexual reproduction. Because of the latter feature, fungi are considered to be much more complex than bacteria.
Bridging the "Representation Gap"

What Workers Wan? tells us a great deal, but just what it tells us will be much discussed: social survey research is notoriously "soft"; criticism of the research design or its execution is inevitable; and the data may be variously interpreted despite the obvious care Freeman and Rogers have taken even to explore the effect of changed wording and question sequence on the responses. In what may be their most controversial finding, for example, Freeman and Rogers conclude that a majority of workers favor a "cooperative" form of representation, one in which employees lack "power" but have "influence. " This finding perplexes because, from what appears, the survey did not explain the distinction between "power" and "influence" to its respondents, nor is the distinction obvious. The respondents did indicate that having "influence" meant that they were listened to and taken seriously, that their views actually affected management decision-making in certain areas of importance. But this only confounds the distinction: What is "power" if not the capacity to influence another's decisions better to comport with one's wishes? 4