Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Academic Voices: Across Languages and Disciplines

This book explores how the voices of authors and other researchers are manifested in academic discourse, and how the author handles the polyphonic interaction between these various parties. It represents a unique study of academic discourse in that it takes a doubly contrastive approach, focusing on the two factors of discipline and language at the same time. It is based on a large electronic corpus of 450 research articles from three disciplines (economics, linguistics and medicine) in three languages (English, French and Norwegian). The book investigates whether disciplines and languages may be said to represent different cultures with regard to person manifestation in the texts. What is being studied is thus cultural identities as tendencies in linguistic practices. For the majority of the features focused on (e.g. metatext and bibliographical references), the discipline factor turns out to contribute more strongly to the variation observed than the language factor. However, for some of the features (e.g. pronouns and negation), the language factor is also quite strong. Additional background information on the investigations reported in this book can be found at www.uib. no/kiap/ .
KONTEKSTUALISASI HIJRAH SEBAGAI TITIK TOLAK PEMBAHARUAN PENDIDIKAN

Hijrah biasa dimaknai sebagai perpindahan, pemutusan keterikatan masyarakat terhadap tanahnya, atau dalam sejarah Islam dimaknai sebagai perpindahan Nabi Muhammad dari Makkah ke Madinah. Peristiwa hijrah merupakan titik tolak perubahan dalam dakwah Nabi, dari yang awalnya tidak begitu banyak pengikut karena kondisi Makkah saat itu tidak mendukung, kemudian dilandasi perintah Allah melaksanakan hijrah ke Madinah dan diterima masyarakat sekitar. Maka tidak heran jika penanggalan tahun hijriah dimulai sejak hijrahnya Nabi. Tapi penulis kali ini akan mencoba memaknai dari sudut pandang lain, yaitu hijrah dimaknai dari sudut Pembaharuan PendidikanIslam. Karena hijrah tidak boleh hanya ditafsirkan sebagai peristiwa historis saja, tapi harus di ambil hikmah dan berusaha mengimplementasikan dalam kehidupan umat.Hijrah mempunyai nilai strategik, baik dalam pengelolaan sosial, penyebaran Islam (dakwah) maupun pendidikan Islam. Maka salah satu usaha membenahi dan pembaharuan pendidikan perlu memandang hijrah tidak hanya dari aspek sosiohistoris tapi juga makna dibalik hijrah.
Performance Measures for Adaptive Decisioning Systems

Abstract : Performance measures are derived for data-adaptive hypothesis testing by systems trained on stochastic data. The measures consist of the average performance of the systems over an ensemble of training sets. The uncertainties derivable from training sets represents an irreducible uncertainty inherent in the learning procedure. Data-adaptive system estimates are contrasted with classical hypothesis testing, in which optimum tests are based on an assumed data model. In addition, a performance estimate for the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) N-hypothesis test is derived based on a neural-net formulation of the test. The performance of adaptive systems on a binary test of uniformly distributed data is compared with the data-adaptive and MAP estimates. The adaptive systems considered are linear extrapolation from data (LINEXT) and a back-propagation neural net (BPNN).
PELIBATAN ORANG TUA DALAM PROGRAM SEKOLAH DI TK KHALIFAH WIROBRAJAN YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan tentang pelibatan orang tua dalam program sekolah di TK Khalifah Wirobrajan. Pelibatan orang tua merupakan partisipasi orang tua dalam pendidikan anak baik di sekolah maupun di rumah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Adapun subjek penelitian ini 10 orang yang terdiri dari 2 guru, 1 kepala sekolah, dan 7 orang tua. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen utama adalah peneliti sendiri dibantu dengan pedoman wawancara, pedoman observasi, dan pedoman dokumentasi. Data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif oleh Miles dan Huberman. Analisis keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Bentuk pelibatan yang ditemukan dalam program sekolah yaitu parenting, komunikasi, volunteer, dan kolaborasi dengan kelompok masyarakat. Peran orang tua yakni sebagai pendukung, siswa dan penasihat; 2) Manfaat pelibatan orang tua yang didapatkan dari pihak sekolah yaitu sosialisasi sekolah dengan orang tua sebagai agen sosialisasi dan memperlancar progam, orang tua memperoleh informasi mengenai perkembangan anak dan menambah wawasan dan keterampilan, anak meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar; 3) Upaya yang dilakukan sekolah dalam pelibatan orang tua yaitu komunikasi proaktif, menciptakan lingkungan yang nyaman dan mencarikan waktu yang tepat; dan 4) Faktor pendukung pelibatan yaitu, kesadaran dan kepedulian orang tua terhadap pendidikan dan perkembangan anak dan keberhasilan sekolah dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang nyaman, 5) Sedangkan faktor penghambat yaitu, kesibukan orang tua. Kata kunci: pelibatan orang tua, program sekolah
The ubiquity of mouthings in NGT. A corpus study

When deaf signers of Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT, Nederlandse Gebarentaal) sign among themselves, they often combine their signing with moutings: mouthed lexical items from spoken Dutch. Using a corpus of (semi-)spontaneous signing by deaf native signers, this dissertation investigates the co-occurrence of these mouthings with NGT signs, how they vary between tokens of the same sign, and how they combine with signs and sentences. The relation between mouthings and signs appears to be not very tight. Although most signs are accompanied by so-called standard mouthings, there is variation in the way mouthings are temporally reduced, variation in the use of either a mouthing or a mouth gesture with a sign, and to an minor extent variation in the choice of Dutch lexical items that are used as mouthings. Mouthings do not necessarily have a one-to-one relation with the signs they co-occur with. They can spread over adjacent signs to combine and group multiple signs under one mouthing, or they can occur in the sign stream without an accompanying sign, fullfilling a role that instead could have been taken by a manual sign. The general conclusion is that mouthings are a paramount feature in NGT communication, and that they can be analysed as instances of code-blending, the simultaneous mixing of languages in different modalities.
Social Research: Theory, Methods and Techniques

Introduction PART ONE: THE LOGIC OF SOCIAL RESEARCH Paradigms of Social Research Quantitative and Qualitative Research PART TWO: QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES From Theory to Empirical Research Causality and Experimentation The Survey Scaling Official Statistics Sampling PART THREE: QUALITATIVE TECHNIQUES Participant Observation The Qualitative Interview The Use of Documents
Kompetensi Penyuluh Tenaga Harian Lepas Tenaga Bantu Penyuluh Pertanian di Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat

Pemerintah telah menetapkan target swasembada berkelanjutan padi, jagung dan kedelai yang harus dicapai pada tahun 2018. Kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mencapai target tersebut. Salah satu kendala dalam kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian adalah jumlah tenaga penyuluh pertanian yang masih sangat kurang sehingga pemerintah merekrut penyuluh Tenaga Harian Lepas Tenaga Bantu Penyuluh Pertanian (THL TBPP). Kompetensi penyuluh sangat dibutuhkan untuk melaksanakan kegiatan penyuluhan karena merupakan kemampuan untuk melaksanakan kegiatan yang dilandasi pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kompetensi penyuluh THL TBPP dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Garut Provinsi Jawa Barat. Data dikumpulkan secara sensus pada 119 penyuluh THL TBPP. Secara umum, kompetensi penyuluh THL TBPP berada dalam kategori rendah (57,80%) memiliki nilai kompetensi rata-rata 32,49. Hasil analisis menggunakan model regresi menemukan bahwa pemahaman kebutuhan petani dipengaruhi oleh motivasi, pemahaman komunikasi yang efektif dipengaruhi oleh jumlah pelatihan, jumlah desa dan motivasi. Secara keseluruhan kompetensi penyuluh THL TBPP dipengaruhi oleh faktor jumlah kelompok tani binaan, jumlah desa binaan dan motivasi. Kata kunci: kelompok tani, kompetensi, motivasi, penyuluh THL TBPP
Constrained model predictive control for cross directional multi-array processes

Le schema de commande ST (sens travers) mis en application et presente dans la presente communication emploie un controle predictif de modele a prevision restreinte avec programmation quadratique. Le scheme utilise est applique au probleme de la regulation coordonnee de la masse ST et de la variation de la teneur en eau ST a la caisse d'arrivee superieure d'une machine a carton couverture, ou le but est de reduire la variation de la teneur en eau ST tout en gardant faible la variation de la masse ST.
Techniques for improving the scalability of data center networks

Dixit, Advait Abhay Ph.D., Purdue University, December 2014. Techniques for Improving the Scalability of Data Center Networks. Major Professors: Ramana Rao Kompella and Y. Charlie Hu. Data centers require highly scalable data and control planes for ensuring good performance of distributed applications. Along the data plane, network throughput and latency directly impact application performance metrics. This has led researchers to propose high bisection bandwidth network topologies based on multi-rooted trees for data center networks. However, such topologies require e cient tra c splitting algorithms to fully utilize all available bandwidth. Along the control plane, the centralized controller for software-defined networks presents new scalability challenges. The logically centralized controller needs to scale according to network demands. Also, since all services are implemented in the centralized controller, it should allow easy integration of di↵erent types of network services. In this dissertation, we propose techniques to address scalability challenges along the data and control planes of data center networks. Along the data plane, we propose a fine-grained tra c splitting technique for data center networks organized as multi-rooted trees. Splitting individual flows can provide better load balance but is not preferred because of potential packet reordering that conventional wisdom suggests may negatively interact with TCP congestion control. We demonstrate that, due to symmetry of the network topology, TCP is able to tolerate the induced packet reordering and maintain a single estimate of RTT. Along the control plane, we design a scalable distributed SDN control plane architecture. We propose algorithms to evenly distribute the load among the controller nodes of the control plane. The algorithms evenly distribute the load by dynamically
The Design of Adaptive Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Networks Architectures Based on Fuzzy Neural Networks and Self-Organizing Networks

The study is concerned with an approach to the design of new architectures of fuzzy neural networks and the discussion of comprehensive design methodology supporting their development. We propose an Adaptive Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Networks(APFNN) based on Fuzzy Neural Networks(FNN) and Self-organizing Networks(SON) for model identification of complex and nonlinear systems. The proposed AFPNN is generated from the mutually combined structure of both FNN and SON. The one and the other are considered as the premise and the consequence part of AFPNN, respectively. As the premise structure of AFPNN, FNN uses both the simplified fuzzy inference and error back-propagation teaming rule. The parameters of FNN are refined(optimized) using genetic algorithms(GAs). As the consequence structure of AFPNN, SON is realized by a polynomial type of mapping(linear, quadratic and modified quadratic) between input and output variables. In this study, we introduce two kinds of AFPNN architectures, namely the basic and the modified one. The basic and the modified architectures depend on the number of input variables and the order of polynomial in each layer of consequence structure. Owing to the specific features of two combined architectures, it is possible to consider the nonlinear characteristics of process system and to obtain the better output performance with superb predictive ability. The availability and feasibility of the AFPNN are discussed and illustrated with the aid of two representative numerical examples. The results show that the proposed AFPNN can produce the model with higher accuracy and predictive ability than any other method presented previously.
Time optimal movement of cooperating robots

The maximization of the speed of movement along a prescribed path, of the system formed by a set of robot arms and the object they hold is examined. The actuator torques that maximize the acceleration of the system are shown to be determined by the solution to a standard linear programming problem. The combination of this result with the known control strategy for time optimal movement of a single robot arm yields an algorithm for time optimal movement of multiple robot arms holding the same workpiece.
Une remarque sur les séries de Fourier non-harmoniques et son application à la contrôlabilité des cordes avec densité singulière

Nous prouvons une generalisation d'un resultat de Ulrich, qui montre que, lorsque {σ n } n ∈ Z et {T n } n ∈ Z sont deux suites de nombres reels distincts telles que |σ n -n|, - n. |, T n , - n| → 0 lorsque |n|→ ∞, alors {c iσnt } ∪ {(e iσnt - e iTnt )/(σ n , - T n )} forme une base de Riez de L 2 (0, 4π). Notre resultat montre la continuite des constantes intervennant dans l'equivalence de normes L 2 (0,4π) et l 2 par rapport a des petites perturbations des suites {σ u } et {T n }. On donne une application au controle uniforme d'une corde vibrante avec densite qui se concentre autour d'une masse ponctuelle.
The frequency and distribution of written and spoken anglicisms in two varieties of French

This study examines the frequency and distribution of anglicisms in written and spoken French using a corpus of over 100,000 words collected from two reality television shows and from blogs - data representing two varieties of French: Quebecois French (QC), and French from France (FR). The following research questions guided this study: (1) Which variety of French uses a higher total percentage of anglicisms? (2) Which language mode (written or oral) is characterized by a higher frequency of anglicisms? (3) How does the distribution of different anglicism categories (Wholesale, Direct Translations, Hybrids, and French Inventions and Modifications) compare across French language varieties? The results indicate that, overall, anglicisms tend to make up less than one percent of the corpus (0.99%) when using a token analysis, and 2.80% when analyzing anglicism types. Furthermore, of this total, the percentage of tokens/types in FR was 0.94% / 2.80%, while QC totaled 1.03% / 2.80%. Concerning language mode, anglicisms also appear to be equally frequent in the spoken (TV programs) and written (Internet blogs) corpora for both tokens and types. However, when taking language variety into consideration, FR uses a higher percentage of anglicisms in writing, while QC employs more anglicisms in spoken language. Finally, distribution results suggest that while FR and QC share the preference for anglicizing most frequently within the Wholesale and Hybrid categories, the two language varieties differ in the distribution of anglicisms among the Direct. Translation, and French Invention and Modification categories
The Effectiveness of A suggested Program Based on Combining the Direct and the Indirect Strategies on Developing the EFL Al-Azhr Secondary School Students' Strategic Competence Skills

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of using a suggested program based on integrating the direct and indirect approaches on developing Strategic Competence skills of EFL secondary school students. The study adopted the experimental design.one group was an experimental group (using the suggested program) and another group worked as the control group (using the traditional method). The sample of the study contained (60) first year secondary school students in Satamooni institute for girls. They were randomly assigned to experimental group (N=30) and control group (N=30). Subjects of the experimental group were instructed by the present researcher using the suggested program based on integration between the direct and indirect approaches, whereas, the control group subjects received the regular EFL curriculum. Both groups were presented pre and post speaking test. The present study included a speaking skills test, prepared by the researcher, and based on a Strategic competence components required for secondary school students. The researcher prepared a program based on the integration of the two approaches. Findings of the study revealed that students' strategic competence improved as a result of using the program based on integrating the direct and indirect approaches of teaching conversation. Results of the present study showed that the suggested program based on combining the direct and the indirect Strategies improved students' speaking skills and strategic competence. Thus, it was observed that the students who were the sample of the study enjoyed the conversations. Finally, the study carried important implications and suggestions for further research.
The effects of beacons, comments, and tasks on program comprehension process in software maintenance

Program comprehension is the most important and frequent process in software maintenance. Extensive research has found that individual characteristics of programmers, differences of computer programs, and differences of task-driven motivations are the major factors that affect the program comprehension results. There is no study specifically addressing the program comprehension process. There is no study specifically focusing on the explanation of how the programmers’ comprehension process is affected by beacons, the in-line comments, and the task purposes. In addition, most of the studies conducted in the past used either verbal protocols or cloze procedures to collect data. The verbal protocols require subjects to organize their ideas for speaking aloud; the cloze procedures are difficult to grade a program comprehension performance. However, using an eye-tracker to collect eye-movement data that reflect the cognitive process during the program comprehension process can reduce these difficulties. Furthermore, advanced technology makes it possible to collect the eye movement data with minimum intrusion. The current body of literature in program comprehension shows that there are few studies using the eye-movement data to analyze program comprehension process, although the eye-movement data has been studied for decades in psychological experiments. This dissertation examines the program comprehension process by analyzing the eye-movement data. The results of this study suggest that code scanning sequences are affected by the presence of the comments and the motivations of the tasks. Programmers can chunk bigger code blocks in programs with comments than in programs without comments. Different beacon sets are identified for different tasks. The results reveal that the presence of the comments does not improve compound beacon identification efficiency. Instead, it decreases the compound beacon identification efficiency. This study demonstrates that the eye-movement data is useful to trace and analyze the program comprehension process. The findings of the dissertation may shed light on the benefits of the beacons in program comprehension for machine learning. In addition, learning and teaching computer programming languages can benefit from the findings in this study.
University Social Responsibility (USR): Principles for a sustainable, cooperative and democratic university from the participative diagnosis of its student body

The present study analyses the speech of the University under which it is recognized the presence of “University Social Responsibility” by questioning one of its participants, the student body. The objective of this research is to provide relevant conclusions to its vision and raise them to the university´s policy-makers. A methodological quantitative and qualitative systematized research was done in the course of two academic years involving 206 Social Education´ students at the University of Valencia (Spain). The study´s goal has been to carry out a participatory diagnosis on the situation of the USR and Sustainable Development based on Vallaeys, De la Cruz and Sasia questionnaire (2008). Among the results it is necessary to emphasize that the students perceive that the university provides them an ethics and citizenship training that enables them to be socially responsible individuals. However they perceive that the value-based policies should be addressed in a more coordinated and cross-cutting approach.
Clausal syntax of German

This volume presents the first large-scale treatment of German syntax along the framework of lexical functional grammar (LFG), which well suits German's rich morphology and flexible word order. Berman addresses both empirical and theoretical concerns, examining phenomena that have long been discussed in the literature yet remain controversial. The principles of LFG are applied to, and occasionally challenged by, three main areas of theoretical interest: subjects, traces and complement clauses. This reaches central topics of German syntax, such as phrase structure, "subjectless" clauses, expletives, agreement, weak crossover, long-distance dependencies, distribution of subordinated clauses, correlative pronouns, and embedded clauses.