Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of wrist position on the measurement of carpal indices on the lateral radiograph

The purpose of this study was to find out whether the carpal indices measured on lateral radiographs with a slightly malpositioned wrist are the same as those measured in the true neutral position. Lateral radiographic views of 25 wrists were taken with 5° intervals from 20° of flexion to 20° of extension. Most carpal indices measured in the flexed or extended position were significantly different from the wrist in zero flexion-extension, except scapholunate angle at 5° of extension and scaphocapitate angle at 5° and 10° of flexion. Starting from the flexed position, there was an average of −4.0° change in radioscaphoid angle, −1.0° in scapholunate angle, −1.0° in scaphocapitate angle, +3.0° in radiolunate angle, and +2.0° in lunocapitate angle for each 5° of extension with linear trends. The results from this study suggest that even minimal degrees of flexion-extension can affect the measurements of carpal indices on lateral radiographs.
The Public Choice of Public Stadium Financing: Evidence from San Diego Referenda

Local politicians and team owners frequently argue that the public financing of stadiums is important for local economic development. The sports economics literature, however, has largely found that new professional sport facilities do not generate any new net economic activity. We provide context to this literature by exploring the public choice in the public financing of stadiums. In 2016, San Diego had two ballot measures related to the San Diego Chargers. Measure C would allow officials to raise hotel taxes to pay for a new downtown stadium for the Chargers. Measure D would also raise hotel taxes, but explicitly prevented any money being spent on the Chargers. Both measures failed to receive 50% of the votes cast. We find that zip codes with a higher voter turnout were more likely to vote against both measures, highlighting the importance of the timing of referenda in limiting the ability of clearly defined groups, such as Chargers fans, to have a large influence on the voting outcome. Meanwhile, areas with more Trump voters were more likely to support higher taxes for the purpose of building the Chargers a new stadium.
Clinical importance of provider-reported HIV symptoms compared with patient-report.

BACKGROUND Although the patient experiences the symptoms, only symptoms that providers recognize and report "count" in most clinical and research settings. Reliance upon provider-report has been justified by the claim that providers report only "clinically important" symptoms. OBJECTIVE To determine whether provider-reported symptoms constitute a more "clinically important" subset of patient-reported symptoms in HIV infection. DESIGN Secondary analyses of AIDS Clinical Trials 175 (ACTG 175), a randomized controlled trial of combination antiviral therapy among patients with moderate HIV disease. SETTING Large, multicenter study. PATIENTS 1,262 patients who participated in the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) sub-study and for whom providers completed symptom forms. MEASUREMENTS Patient- and provider-reported symptoms, HRQOL, risk of recent hospitalization, survival, CD4 cell count, and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. RESULTS On average, providers reported 3-fold fewer symptoms than patients did, but the degree of under report varied by symptom. When patient-reports were used as a gold standard, provider-reports demonstrated poor sensitivity (mean 0.25) and good specificity (mean 0.96). Agreement beyond chance was fair (mean kappa 0.35) and did not improve when weighted by symptom severity. Site specific variation was greater for provider than for patient-reported symptoms (R2: 0.15 and 0.05 respectively). Patient-reported symptoms were substantially more strongly associated with the physical health scale and all HRQOL subscales than provider-reported symptoms (P <0.0001). Patient-reported symptoms were equally strongly associated with survival (P >0.50) and recent hospitalization as provider-reported symptoms (P >0.48). Of note, patient-reported symptoms were independently associated with survival and recent hospitalization after adjustment for CD4 cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Provider-reported symptoms are not a more clinically important subset of patient-reported symptoms. Patient-reported symptom checklists are likely to be more complete and more strongly associated with HRQOL. Further, patient-reported symptoms are as related to recent hospitalization and survival as provider-reported symptoms. An HIV specific, patient-completed symptom checklist might substantially improve symptom reporting for adverse drug event monitoring, clinical management and medical research.
Trouble with Sense of Place in Working Landscapes

Abstract The sense of place (SOP) conceptual framework offers theoretical and empirical evidence that links peoples’ multifaceted connections to place(s) to their engagement in pro-environmental and conservation behaviors. The bulk of this research has focused on peoples’ connection to high-amenity places and landscapes. Recent research applies SOP in working landscapes—however, these studies encounter “troubles” that include measurement challenges and mixed results in predicting statistical relationships with conservation outcome variables. As authors of some of these studies, we propose three opportunities and corresponding survey items for developing meaningful SOP measures in future working landscapes research: (1) modify existing SOP dimensions and items to better capture the working landscape dynamics; (2) address how scale may affect behavior and SOP dimensions; and (3) incorporate a conservation ethic dimension into the SOP framework in working lands.
Is there a pathophysiological and therapeutic link between panic disorder and epilepsy?

Relations between panic disorder (PD) and epilepsy (E) have repeatedly been discussed. Three patients with juvenile E who had been free of seizures under anticonvulsant medication for many years and developed PD are presented. Increasing anticonvulsant medication resulted in complete and stable remission of PD. It is hypothesized that, in a subgroup of patients with PD, there is a pathophysiological relation to E. Further research into the usefulness of anticonvulsants in the treatment of PD, especially in 1 therapy‐refractory cases, is suggested.
Quantifying leukocyte dynamics and plugging in retinal microcirculation of streptozotosin-induced diabetic rats.

PURPOSE To determine leukocyte kinetics in the retinal microcirculation of streptozotosin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Rats were made diabetic with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotosin. For one month after injection, the alteration of the velocity and plugging of leukocytes were investigated using acridine orange, which stains leukocytes, and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Blood plasma protein levels, such as fibrinogen and alpha1- and alpha2- globulin, were also measured. RESULTS Throughout the observational period, mean leukocyte velocity was similar between diabetic (1.53+/-0.45 mm/sec) and age-matched control (1.58+/-0.23 mm/sec) rats, but the coefficient of variation of the velocity in the diabetic rats was twice as large as that in the control rats. Plugging was increased in a sigmoidal fashion and saturated for 5 weeks or later. No differences were seen in plasma protein levels between groups. CONCLUSIONS Within one month of the hyperglycemic condition, the velocities of leukocytes in capillaries were more varied and the leukocytes were plugged time-dependently. This action occurred not because the blood fibrinogen and globulin levels were altered, but because of the leukocyte-endothelium interaction. In streptozotosin-induced diabetic rats, retinopathy usually cannot be found during the fundus examination and fluorescein angiography. In the level of the microcirculation, however, some of the disorders have already occurred.
Transplant surgery injury recruits recipient MHC class II-positive leukocytes into the kidney.

BACKGROUND CD4 T cells, which are stimulated by the "indirect pathway" of antigen-presentation, participate in rejection. These T cells are sensitized by recipient major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-positive leukocytes that migrate into the transplant. Therefore, an important early step in rejection is the immigration of these recipient MHC class II-positive leukocytes into the renal transplant. The regulation of this early step is not understood. We now test the hypothesis that such leukocytes immigrate into the renal transplant in response to ischemic injury occurring during the transplant procedure. METHODS We transplanted Brown Norway (BN) kidneys into F1 Lewis/Brown Norway (L/BN) recipients. The F1 recipients are tolerant to the parental BN antigens, and any infiltration of recipient MHC class II-positive leukocytes results from injury occurring during transplantation surgery. In addition, ischemia/reperfusion injury was also induced by temporarily occluding the native renal arteries for 30 minutes. Transplanted kidneys and native kidneys, which suffered ischemia/reperfusion injury, were studied by immunohistochemistry on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after surgery. Staining by the new monoclonal antibody (mAb) OX62 and antibodies to MHC class II identified dendritic cells. In addition, the following monoclonal antibodies identified: gamma/delta T cells, V65; B cells, OX33; cells that may be macrophages, dendritic cells, or dendritic cell precursors, ED1 (+) and OX62 (-); and recipient class II MHC, OX3. RESULTS After transplantation, the serum creatinine increased to 4 mg/dl and then decreased, which was consistent with reversible injury during transplantation and the absence of rejection. We found that the injury of transplantation itself resulted in the infiltration of recipient MHC class II-positive leukocytes into the transplanted kidney. This infiltrate peaked at days 7 to 14 after surgery. The inflammation was peritubular and patchy and involved cortex and outer medulla. Double staining for OX62 and OX3 identified some of the infiltrating leukocytes as dendritic cells. Other recipient leukocytes were MHC class II positive, ED1 positive, and OX62 negative. We also found that MHC class II leukocytes, including dendritic cells, infiltrated native kidneys injured by ischemia/reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that injury to the kidney during transplantation recruits recipient MHC class II-positive leukocytes into the kidney. Some of these leukocytes are dendritic cells.
Human immunoglobulin G subclass immune response to outer membrane antigens in meningococcal group B vaccine

The immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass distribution of antibodies against the major outer membrane proteins from serotype 2a Neisseria meningitidis in human vaccinees was studied by immunoblotting. The volunteers received two doses of a noncovalent complex of group B polysaccharide and outer membrane material from the same meningococcal strain. Six weeks after the first vaccination the antibodies mounted against the class 1 and 5 proteins belonged mainly to the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. However, the binding of IgG3 to the class 5 proteins decreased markedly in serum samples taken after 25 weeks. Antibody binding to the serotype-specific class 2 protein was dependent on renaturation of the antigen by a dipolar ionic detergent (R. E. Mandrell and W. D. Zollinger, J. Immunol. Methods 67:1-11, 1984). The immune response against this protein showed more individual variation and consisted of IgG1 or IgG3 or both, often combined with IgG4.
Hfq Is Necessary for Regulation by the Untranslated RNA DsrA

ABSTRACT DsrA is an 85-nucleotide, untranslated RNA that has multiple regulatory activities at 30°C. These activities include the translational regulation of RpoS and H-NS, global transcriptional regulators in Escherichia coli. Hfq is an E. coli protein necessary for the in vitro and in vivo replication of the RNA phage Qβ. Hfq also plays a role in the degradation of numerous RNA transcripts. Here we show that an hfq mutant strain is defective for DsrA-mediated regulation of bothrpoS and hns. The defect in rpoSexpression can be partially overcome by overexpression of DsrA. Hfq does not regulate the transcription of DsrA, and DsrA does not alter the accumulation of Hfq. However, in an hfq mutant, chromosome-expressed DsrA was unstable (half-life of 1 min) and truncated at the 3′ end. When expressed from a multicopy plasmid, DsrA was stable in both wild-type and hfq mutant strains, but it had only partial activity in the hfq mutant strain. Purified Hfq binds DsrA in vitro. These results suggest that Hfq acts as a protein cofactor for the regulatory activities of DsrA by either altering the structure of DsrA or forming an active RNA-protein complex.
Spending and Saving Behavior Towards the 2019 Indonesia Presidential Election

This paper investigates the spending and saving behavior towards the next presidential election. Specifically, this paper discusses about spending and saving behavior of Gen Y in Indoensia. The research adopted a quantitative approach through a survey method with sample of Gen Y in Jakarta. This study reveals that the Presidential Election is an important political event and they are optimistic about the process and results of the 2019 Presidential Election based on 2014 Presidential Election. However, the next presidential election is not significantly impact spending and saving behavior of the Gen Y. The reason is because the price of goods are still reasonable. Prices and promotions are the dominant factors for making decisions on purchases. They will save more because they think saving is very important, especially to manage unexpected potential risks.
Effect of AVP on brain edema following traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level in patients with traumatic brain injury and investigate the role of AVP in the process of brain edema. METHODS A total of 30 patients with traumatic brain injury were involved in our study. They were divided into two groups by Glasgow Coma Scale: severe traumatic brain injury group (STBI, GCS less than or equal to 8) and moderate traumatic brain injury group (MTBI, GCS larger than 8). Samples of venous blood were collected in the morning at rest from 15 healthy volunteers (control group)and within 24 h after traumatic brain injury from these patients for AVP determinations by radioimmunoassay. The severity and duration of the brain edema were estimated by head CT scan. RESULTS Plasma AVP levels (ng/L) were (mean+/-SD): control, 3.06+/-1.49; MTBI, 38.12+/-7.25; and STBI, 66.61+/-17.10. The plasma level of AVP was significantly increased within 24 h after traumatic brain injury and followed by the reduction of GCS, suggesting the deterioration of cerebral injury (P less than 0.01). And the AVP level was correlated with the severity (STBI r equal to 0.919, P less than 0.01; MTBI r equal to 0.724, P less than 0.01) and the duration of brain edema (STBI r equal to 0.790, P less than 0.01; MTBI r equal to 0.712, P less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The plasma AVP level is closely associated with the severity of traumatic brain injury. AVP may play an important role in pathogenesis of brain edema after traumatic brain injury.
The Impact of Intramammary Escherichia coli Challenge on Liver and Mammary Transcriptome and Cross-Talk in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Using RNAseq

Our objective was to identify the biological response and the cross-talk between liver and mammary tissue after intramammary infection (IMI) with Escherichia coli (E. coli) using RNAseq technology. Sixteen cows were inoculated with live E. coli into one mammary quarter at ~4–6 weeks in lactation. For all cows, biopsies were performed at -144, 12 and 24 h relative to IMI in liver and at 24 h post-IMI in infected and non-infected (control) mammary quarters. For a subset of cows (n = 6), RNA was extracted from both liver and mammary tissue and sequenced using a 100 bp paired-end approach. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and the Dynamic Impact Approach analysis of differentially expressed genes (overall effect False Discovery Rate≤0.05) indicated that IMI induced an overall activation of inflammation at 12 h post-IMI and a strong inhibition of metabolism, especially related to lipid, glucose, and xenobiotics at 24 h post-IMI in liver. The data indicated in mammary tissue an overall induction of inflammatory response with little effect on metabolism at 24 h post-IMI. We identified a large number of up-stream regulators potentially involved in the response to IMI in both tissues but a relatively small core network of transcription factors controlling the response to IMI for liver whereas a large network in mammary tissue. Transcriptomic results in liver and mammary tissue were supported by changes in inflammatory and metabolic mediators in blood and milk. The analysis of potential cross-talk between the two tissues during IMI uncovered a large communication from the mammary tissue to the liver to coordinate the inflammatory response but a relatively small communication from the liver to the mammary tissue. Our results indicate a strong induction of the inflammatory response in mammary tissue and impairment of liver metabolism 24h post-IMI partly driven by the signaling from infected mammary tissue.
Synergistic Gene Interactions Control the Induction of the Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein (Ucp1) Gene in White Fat Tissue*

Among a selected group of mouse strains susceptible to dietary obesity, those with an enhanced capacity forUcp1 and brown adipocyte induction in white fat preferentially lost body weight following adrenergic stimulation. Based on the generality of this mechanism for reducing obesity, a genetic analysis was initiated to identify genes that control brown adipocyte induction in white fat depots in mice. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed using the variations of retroperitoneal fatUcp1 mRNA expression in progeny of genetic crosses between the A/J and C57BL/6J parental strains and selected AXB recombinant inbred strains. Three A/J-derived loci on chromosomes 2, 3, and 8 and one C57BL/6J locus on chromosome 19 were linked toUcp1 induction in retroperitoneal fat. Although A/J-derived alleles seemed to contribute to elevated Ucp1 expression, the C57BL/6J allele on chromosome 19 increased Ucp1mRNA to levels higher than parental values. Thus, novel patterns of C57BL/6J and A/J recombinant genotypes among the four mapped loci resulted in a transgressive variation of Ucp1 phenotypes. Although the extent of the interchromosomal interactions have not been fully explored, strong synergistic interactions occur between a C57BL/6J allele on chromosome 19 and an A/J allele on chromosome 8. In addition to selective synergistic interactions between loci, variations in recessive and dominant effects also contribute to the final levels of Ucp1 expression.
Posterior Corpus Callosum and Interhemispheric Transfer of Somatosensory Information: An fMRI and Neuropsychological Study of a Partially Callosotomized Patient

Interhemispheric somatosensory transfer was studied by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological tests in a patient who underwent resection of the corpus callosum (CC) for drug-resistant epilepsy in two stages. The first resection involved the anterior half of the body of CC and the second, its posterior half and the splenium. For the fMRI study, the hand was stimulated with a rough sponge. The neuropsychological tests included: Tactile Naming Test (TNT), Same-Different Recognition Test (SDRT), and Tactile Finger Localization Test (intra- and intermanual tasks, TFLT). The patient was studied 1 week before and then 6 months and 1 year after the second surgery. Before this operation, unilateral tactile stimulation of either hand activated contralaterally the first (SI) and second (SII) somatosensory areas and the posterior parietal (PP) cortex, and SII and PP cortex ipsilaterally. All three tests were performed without errors. In both postoperative sessions, somatosensory activation was observed in contralateral SI, SII, and PP cortex, but not in ipsilateral SII and PP cortex. Performance was 100 correct in the TNT for the right hand, but below chance for the left; in the other tests, it was below chance except for TFLT in the intramanual task. This case provides the direct demonstration that activation of SII and PP cortex to stimulation of the ipsilateral hand and normal interhemispheric transfer of tactile information require the integrity of the posterior body of the CC.
Estimation of Unrecorded Alcohol Consumption in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Economies for 2010.

BACKGROUND Consumption of unrecorded alcohol is prevalent, especially in low-income countries (LIC). Monitoring and reduction of unrecorded consumption have been asked for in the World Health Organization (WHO) global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. To date, only a few countries have installed monitoring systems, however. METHODS As part of the WHO global monitoring, an expert survey using the nominal group technique, a variant of Delphi studies, was conducted to assess level and characteristics of unrecorded consumption in 46 member states. One hundred experts responded. Descriptive statistics and repeated analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The study showed feasibility of the chosen methodology to elicit information of unrecorded consumption with experts responding for 74% of the countries. Response rate was lower for LIC. Compared to prior WHO estimates, experts tended to estimate higher unrecorded consumption for LIC, and lower unrecorded consumption for high-income countries. Unrecorded consumption was seen as a financial, public health, and social problem by the majority of experts. Homemade alcohol was the most prevalent subcategory of unrecorded consumption globally. CONCLUSIONS The chosen methodology was feasible, and new information about consumption of unrecorded consumption could be gathered. There is still a need for increasing efforts of national monitoring, especially in LIC.
Treatment Outcomes of Different Prognostic Groups of Patients on Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 39801: Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Chemoradiotherapy Compared with Chemoradiotherapy Alone for Unresectable Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Background: In Cancer and Leukemia Group B 39801, we evaluated whether induction chemotherapy before concurrent chemoradiotherapy would result in improved survival and demonstrated no significant benefit from the addition of induction chemotherapy. The primary objective of this analysis was to dichotomize patients into prognostic groups using factors predictive of survival and to investigate whether induction chemotherapy was beneficial in either prognostic group. Patients and Methods: A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the impact on survival of the following factors: (≥70 versus <70 years), gender, race, stage (IIIB versus IIIA), hemoglobin (hgb) (<13 versus ≥13 g/dl), performance status (PS) (1 versus 0), weight loss (≥5% versus <5%), treatment arm, and the interaction between weight loss and hgb. Results: Factors predictive of decreased survival were weight loss ≥5%, age ≥70 years, PS of 1, and hgb <13 g/dl (p < 0.05). Patients were classified as having ≥2 poor prognostic factors (n = 165) or ≤1 factor (n = 166). The hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival for the patients with ≥2 versus patients with ≤1 was 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.49–2.37; p = <0.0001]; median survival times observed were 9 (95% CI, 8–11) and 18 (95% CI, 16–24) months, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between treatment arms in patients with ≥2 factors (HR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.63–1.17; p = 0.34) or ≤1 factor (HR = 0.97, 95% CI, 0.70–1.35; p = 0.87). Conclusions: There is no evidence that induction chemotherapy is beneficial in either prognostic group.