Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What makes lessons interesting?: The role of situational and individual factors in three school subjects

The present study investigated intraindividual variation in students' interest experience in 3 school subjects and the predictive power of perceived autonomy support and control. Participants were 261 students in 7th grade. After a survey of students' individual interests and other individual characteristics, repeated lesson-specific measures of students' interest experience and perceived autonomy support and control during instruction were obtained over a 3-week period. Hierarchical linear modeling showed 36%-45% of the variance to be located at the within-student level. Moreover, perceived autonomy support and control during lessons, as well as individual interest, predicted students' interest experience in the classroom.
Vertical distribution of ozone on Mars as measured by SPICAM/Mars Express using stellar occultations

[i] The ultraviolet spectrometer of the SPICAM instrument on board the European Mars Express mission has performed stellar occultations to probe the atmosphere. Vertical profiles of ozone are retrieved from inversion of transmission spectra in the altitude range 20-30 to 70 km. They are analyzed here as functions of latitude and season of the observations. These occultations have been monitored on the night side, from northern spring equinox (L s = 8°) to northern winter solstice (L s = 270°). The profiles show the presence of two ozone layers: (1) one located near the surface, the top of which is visible below 30 km altitude, and (2) one layer located in the altitude range 30 to 60 km, a feature that is highly variable with latitude and season. This layer is first seen after L s = 11°, and the ozone abundance at the peak tends to increase until L s ∼ 40°, when it stabilizes around 6-8 x 10 9 cm -3 . After southern winter solstice (L s ∼ 100°), the peak abundance starts decreasing again, and this ozone layer is no longer detected after L s ∼ 130°. A recent model (Lefevre et al., 2004) predicted the presence of these ozone layers, the altitude one being only present at night. Though the agreement between model and observations is quite good, this nocturnal altitude layer is present in SPICAM data over a less extended period than predicted. Though a possible role of heterogeneous chemistry is not excluded, this difference is probably linked to the seasonal evolution of the vertical distribution of water vapor.
Threats to Conservation of Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. nilotica (Shea Butter) Tree in Nakasongola district, Central Uganda

This study assessed the major threats to conservation of the shea butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) on farms in Buruli subregion. Data were collected through a household survey, focused group and key informant interviews. Questionnaires data were coded, entered in Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) computer program and analyzed for major threats to conservation of the shea butter tree in Nakasongola District. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to show how socio- demographic characteristics influenced the willingness of the local people to protect shea butter trees on their farms. While the tree is a source of fruit, oil and charcoal to local communities, factors such as existing tree and land tenure system, termites, lack of planting materials and high poverty levels constrain on-farm shea tree growing. There was a significant association between marital status and willingness of the respondents to plant shea trees (R=6.614, P<0.05). The existing shea tree populations are entirely wild with great economic potential that needs to be conserved. Regional research programs should aim at mobilizing local communities to carry out interventions such as shea tree germplasm multiplication, assisted tree regeneration and encouraging farmers to protect naturally regenerating trees. This will enhance tree based rehabilitation of the degraded resources, while ensuring environmental sustainability and improved livelihoods. National governments and local and international conservation bodies need to come up with appropriate incentives for promoting on-farm conservation of this very valuable species. Efforts are also needed to propagate shea tree vegetatively and using seed. Failure to intervene will otherwise culminate into complete degradation and loss of shea parkland benefits, leading to ‘the tragedy of the commons’ not only in Buruli sub region, but also other shea parklands areas in Lango, Teso and West Nile sub regions of Uganda.
An attempt to constrain the age, duration, and eruptive history of the Karoo flood basalt: Naude's Nek section (South Africa)

We have carried out paleomagnetic sampling of a similar to 750 m sequence of the Karoo large igneous province (Naude's Nek Pass, South Africa). K-Ar dating (Cassignol-Gillot) has been performed on four samples from the 650 m upper unit (mean age 179.2 +/- 1.8 Ma) and a sample from the lower unit (184.8 +/- 2.6 Ma). A succession of two phases of volcanism is suggested. The lower 25 flows (115 m thick) have recorded a reversed polarity; the next 23 flows (135 m thick) are transitional and contribute a detailed record of the "Van Zijl" (1962) Jurassic reversal. The upper 38 flows (500 m thick) have normal polarity. Directional groups (DGs) of lava flows with quasi-identical remanence directions indicate eruption durations too short to have recorded geomagnetic secular variation and hence are interpreted as single eruptive events. Altogether, 19 DGs and 10 sheet lobes yield a sequence of 29 distinct directions. This could correspond to a total eruptive activity shorter than 3000 years, less than one per mil of the total duration over which the section was emplaced. We obtain a new paleomagnetic pole for South Africa at similar to 180 Ma (lambda = 75.2 degrees N, phi = 276.4 degrees E, A(95) = 5.8 degrees, N = 19), which is consistent with earlier reports.
Distance sampling to estimate densities of four native forest bird species during multi- species surveys

The suitability of line-transect-based distance sampling to robustly estimate population densities of bellbird (Anthornis melanura), kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae), North island tomtit (Petroica macrocephala toitoi) and tūī (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) during concurrent multi-species surveys was investigated. Densities were estimated annually from 2006 to 2009 at three sites within Coromandel Forest Park, New Zealand. The line-transect distance sampling method appeared to be suitable for estimating population densities of kererū, tomtit and tūī for little additional cost than a single-species survey. Potential violation of the three most important distance sampling assumptions was expected to have been minimised for these species; however, distance estimation errors were most likely to bias density estimates. In this study, the line-transect distance sampling method was not found to be suitable for estimating bellbird densities.
A revision of the genus Astatoreochromis (Teleostei, Cichlidae) East-Africa

A taxonomic revision of the cichlid genus Astatoreochromis is presented. Eighteen meristic and 23 morphometric measurements were taken on 185 individuals, including type specimens. While fin counts separate populations from the Lake Victoria region (Astatoreochromis alluaudi) from those of the Rusizi and Malagarazi rivers in the Lake Tanganyika basin (A. vanderhorsti and A. straeleni respectively), clear differentiation was not detected between the latter two. Mann-Whitney U-tests on specimens of comparable size from the two Tanganyika populations revealed significant differences in specimens 75 mm SL and Astatoreochromis vanderhorsti is herein considered a junior synonym of A. straeleni. A redescription of the two valid species of Astatoreochromis, A. alluaudi and A.straeleni, is provided.
Four new species of the family Lithodidae (Decapoda: Anomura) from the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

Four new species of lithodid crab were identified in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. These include three species of the genus Paralomis: P. nivosa from the Philippines, P. makarovi from the Bering Sea, and P. alcockiana from South Carolina; and one new species of the genus Lithodes, L. galapagensis, from the Galapagos archipelago. Two of these species, P. nivosa and P. makarovi were part of a collection of previously unidentified lithodid samples from the Albatross expeditions of 1906–1908. Paralomis makarovi may have been misidentified as P. multispina Benedict, 1894, or P. histrix (De Haan, 1844) in other collections owing to superficial similarities in carapace ornamentation and overlapping distributions.
A rti go Antioxidant capacity and biological activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Hyptis crenata

The essential oils of fresh and dried leaves and fine stems of Hyptis crenata furnished the following yields: 1.4% and 0.9%. The main volatile constituents were a-pinene (22.0%; 19.5%), 1,8-cineole (17.6%; 23.2%), b-pinene (17.0%; 13.8%), camphor (4.7%; 11.6%), limonene (5.4%; 4.4%) and g-terpinene (3.5%; 2.4%), totalizing more than 70% in the oils. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50, 16.7 ± 0.4 mg/mL) of the methanol extract was comparable to BHT (19.8 ± 0.5 mg/mL) showing a significant antioxidant activity. The oils showed low activities. The amount of total phenolics (TP, 373.0 ± 15.9 mg GAE/g) and trolox equivalent (TEAC, 226.8 ± 0.5 mg TE/g) confirmed the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract that can be attributed to the presence of polar phenolic compounds. In the brine shrimp bioassay the lethal concentrations (LC50) for the oil and methanol extract were 6.7 ± 0.2 mg/mL and 13.0 ± 3.7 mg/mL, respectively, providing important evidence of their biological activities.
Ultrastructural alterations of cabrilla sea bass Serranus cabrilla liver related to experimental Gambierdiscus toxicus (dinoflagellate ) ingestion

Ultrastructural effects of dietary Gambjerdiscus toxlcus on the liver of cabrilla sea bass Serranus cabrilla were investigated. No fish treated with G. toxjcus died during the experiment. A marked perisinusoidal and intercellular fibrosis occurred after algal feeding. Microvilli decreased in number and shortened at the sinusoldal and canalicular areas of the hepatocytes. Lipid accumulation was also apparent. A high number of blnucleated cells, nucleolar disorganization and loss of condensed heterochrornatin at the periphery of the nucleus were also found, as well as nuclear pycnosis, dilated rough endoplasrnlc reticulum and swollen mitochondria. Thls work shows that toxins produced by this dinoflagellate may be considered to be harmful to fish through diet.
Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of global particle number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency of NPF, formation rates of 10 nm particles, and growth rates in the size range of 10–25 nm using at least 1 year of aerosol number size-distribution observations at 36 different locations around the world. The majority of these measurement sites are in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the NPF frequency has a strong seasonal variability. At the measurement sites analyzed in this study, NPF occurs most frequently in March–May (on about 30 % of the days) and least frequently in December–February (about 10 % of the days). The median formation rate of 10 nm particles varies by about 3 orders of magnitude (0.01–10 cm−3 s−1) and the growth rate by about an order of magnitude (1–10 nm h−1). The smallest values of both formation and growth rates were observed at polar sites and the largest ones in urban environments or anthropogenically influenced rural sites. The correlation between the NPF event frequency and the particle formation and growth rate was at best moderate among the different measurement sites, as well as among the sites belonging to a certain environmental regime. For a better understanding of atmospheric NPF and its regional importance, we would need more observational data from different urban areas in practically all parts of the world, from additional remote and rural locations in North America, Asia, and most of the Southern Hemisphere (especially Australia), from polar areas, and from at least a few locations over the oceans.
Expert Testimony on the Suggestibility of Children: Does it Fit?

There is a trend among American courts toward admitting defense expert testimony on the suggestibility of children in sexual abuse cases. This paper argues that there are good reasons to limit or exclude such testimony in a large proportion of cases. I emphasize the issue of "fit": review of appellate case law and the research on sexual abuse and suggestibility reveals that expert testimony often fails to match the research findings or does not fit the facts of the case. I discuss other arguments against admitting such testimony, and emphasize their limitations. These arguments include the objection that expert testimony regarding suggestibility invades the province of the jury, is not helpful to the jury because it is common sense, and is not scientific knowledge.
Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: the mediating role of the positivity ratio

participants and procedure Three-hundred and sixteen individuals (50% female) participated in the first study. Participants completed the Self-perceived emotional intelligence questionnaire, the Positive and negative affect scale, and the Satisfaction with life scale. One hundred individuals (79% women) participated in the second study. In the first measurement participants completed the Emotional intelligence questionnaire, the general Positive and negative affect scale, and the Satisfaction with life scale, while in the second measurement participants completed the Positive and negative affect in the past week scale and the Satisfaction with life scale. results In the first study perceived emotional intelligence was positively correlated with positivity ratio and satisfaction with life, while positive ratio mediated between perceived emotional intelligence and satisfaction with life. In the second study, perceived emotional intelligence was positively correlated with satisfaction with life and positivity ratios in both measurements. The relationships between perceived emotional intelligence and satisfaction with life (Time 2) were fully mediated by satisfaction with life (Time 1), and sequentially by positivity ratio (general) and satisfaction with life (Time 1), and positivity ratio (general) and positivity ratio (Time 2).
Moderate dispersion in conservation laws with convex fluxes

We consider the weakly dissipative and weakly dispersive Burgers-Hopf-Kortewegde-Vries equation with the diffusion coefficient ε and the dispersion rate δ in the range δ/ε→0. We study the traveling wave connecting u(−∞)=1 to u(+∞)=0 and show that it converges strongly to the entropic shock profile as ε,δ→0.
Impact of long-term organic and mineral fertilization on lucerne forage yield over an 8-year period

Effects of direct fertilization on lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) forage yield have been widely investigated; however there is a lack of published studies investigating the long-term effect of indirect application of mineral and organic fertilization. The main objective of the present research was therefore to investigate differences in forage yield un der different combinations of mineral (6 treatments) and organic (3 treatments) fertilization over the past 8 years of long-term experiment conducted since 1955 in Ruzyně. Long-term absence of fertilization provided average annual dry matter yield of 8.64 t/ha. Indirect application of single manure or slurry significantly increased yield to 9.68 and 9.37 t/ha, respectively. Absence of mineral fertilization provided yield of 9.23 t/ha across organic fertilization and an inconsistent effect of the increase of indirectly applied nitrogen (N) rate was observed. The highest yields over 10 t/ha were observed at treatments where combinations of organic fertilization with higher rates of N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were applied. The trend for yield reduction was observed under increasing N rates within identical P and K fertilization. This research has shown that indirect effect of fertilization should be considered to gether with stand age when lucerne forage yield is evaluated.
Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Epistemolojik İnançlarının Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi

This study aimed to determine the epistemological beliefs of 1004 teacher candidates studying at the Education Faculty, Secondary Grade Science and Mathematics Education departments, and the teacher candidates attending the Primary Grade Mathematics and Science Education departments and to examine whether these epistemological beliefs differ on the basis of gender, learning style, academic average, class level and department. The study made use of the Epistemological Beliefs Inventory and the Kolb Learning Styles Questionnaire. According to the analysis results, there were differences seen in dependent variables based on gender. Also, there was a negative relationship found between the learning styles and epistemological beliefs. The analysis results suggest that the teacher candidates mostly possess a strong belief that learning is dependent on effort and that they possess a weak belief that there is only one truth that epistemological beliefs of the candidates show meaningful differences on the basis of each dimension and class levels and that females possess more developed beliefs than males.
Comparisons Of Building System Modeling Approaches For Control System Design

To design and evaluate advanced controls for buildings , building system models that can show detailed dynamics of feedback control loops are required. The models should also be computationally efficient if they are used for model-based control in real time. However, most building energy simulation programs apply idealized feedback control and steady-state model for HVAC equipment. TRNSYS and Modelica may be applicable to study and design local controllers such as ON-OFF sequencing controller and proportionalintegral controller, which are most commonly employed for feedback control of set-points in local controllers of HVAC equipment. In this paper, results computed by different models for a case study were compared with respect to overall energy consumption, peak power demand, computing time, and short-term dynamics, which are necessary for controls design and verification. To compare the computing time between high and low fidelity models, this study also included reduced order models for the envelope of the same building.
The STEP Scale: A Measure of Short-Term Export Performance Improvement

This article is a direct response to a recent observation in the literature that managers appear to be short-term oriented in their assessment of the performance of an export venture (Madsen 1998). On the basis of a cross-national survey of exporting firms, the authors present a three-dimensional scale for assessing managerial judgment of short-term export performance (i.e., the STEP scale). The three dimensions are (1) satisfaction with short-term performance improvement, (2) short-term exporting intensity improvement, and (3) expected short-term performance improvement. The scale presents evidence of reliability as well as convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity, and it reveals factorial similarity and factorial equivalence across both samples. The authors outline managerial and public policy implications that stem from the scale and identify avenues for further export marketing research.
A detailed test of mode-coupling theory on all time scales: Time domain studies of structural relaxation in a supercooled liquid

The dynamics of supercooled salol (phenyl salicylate) was measured in the time domain using optical Kerr effect techniques. By combining several experimental setups, data spanning more than six decades in amplitude and time (∼100 fs to ∼1 μs) were observed. The data have a complex shape, ranging from high-frequency intramolecular oscillations at short times, to nearly exponential relaxation at long times. As predicted by mode-coupling theory (MCT), the data for some ranges of time appear as power laws. The slowest power law, the von Schweidler power law, has an almost constant exponent of ∼0.59 over the entire temperature range studied (247–340 K). Above the MCT Tc (T>∼1.17 Tg, where Tg is the laboratory glass transition temperature) for t>∼1 ps, the decays are shown to be in excellent agreement with the master curve predicted by ideal MCT when higher order terms are included. However, the data do not display the plateau predicted by ideal MCT. To discuss the data at all temperatures, the intermediate tim.
Mathematical models for self-organization of biological groups

It is observed that coherent motions like bird flocks and fish schools are common phenomena in biology. Recently, many mathematical models have been developed in order to understand the mechanisms that lead to such coordinated motions. In this thesis I consider two models based on the Langevin equation with different external forces. In these Lagrangian models the motion of the group is determined by pairwise interactions. For the first model we perform an H-stability analysis, recover a wide range of interesting patterns and study the state transition induced by noise. The second model contains a different interaction potential. We perform a weak noise limit and study the case when the potential has random coefficients. We also derive the continuous versions of the deterministic cases of these models by using statistical mechanical theory.
Oil Price Fluctuations and it Impact on Economic Growth: A DSGE Approach.

Ghana is poised to be one of the fastest growing economies in Sub-Saharan Africa because of its emerging oil and gas industry. Ghana’s discovery of oil in commercial quantities in 2007 and its commencement of production in 2010 are expected to have an impact on the economy. To investigate these, we estimated a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model based on the features of the Ghanaian Economy. We then examined the persistent effects of world oil price and monetary policy shocks (money supply-interest rate induced) on economic growth in Ghana. We realized that, a shock on interest rate leads to a sharp fall in prices which reflects the impact of the decrease in interest rate on the marginal cost. There is a paradoxical effect of a negative interest rate on total money supply. We also showed that a positive output shock has the same effect on consumption, investment, prices and wages as in the case of interest rate shock.