Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foreigners as change agents of organizations and institutions : evidence from Sweden

Foreigners can act as agents of change in organizations more effectively than domestic agents. In this study, I look at Sweden as a natural experiment where I can observe different types of investors and how they may affect change within the firm. The observable result is an improvement in firm performance. I term active foreign investors as those that are concerned about control rights over a firm. Passive foreign investors are defined as those who are concerned more about cash-flow rights as opposed to control rights. I differentiate these two aspects of stock ownership. I find that increased active foreign investors’ ownership in a firm in conjunction with a decrease in control by the largest domestic shareholder improves firm performance. This is consistent with the notion that active foreign investors (mostly from the United States and U.K.) will be more likely to push the firm towards the goal of shareholder wealth maximization while domestic owners may not.
Respiratory insufficiency after abdominal surgery

Abstract The objective of this study was to define the relationship between respiratory insufficiency (RI) and various putative risk factors for patients undergoing abdominal surgery. A review of 1332 adults undergoing abdominal surgery was undertaken. Information was collected in a unbiased, prospective and uniform manner with regard to baseline characteristics, perioperative events and adverse outcomes after surgery. Respiratory insufficiency was defined as either: a PO2 < 60 mm Hg, the performance of a tracheotomy, or endotracheal intubation for more than 24 h. The incidence of RI was 3% (40/1332). A logistic regression analysis only identified an American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) classification > 2 (P < 0.001) and the presence of chronic bronchitis (P= < 0.05) as significant risk factors. In addition, 33% (8/24) of the patients who developed postoperative intraperitoneal sepsis and 30% (14/47) of the patients who underwent a reoperation developed RI. It was concluded that patients with a significant systemic disease (ASA > 2), as well as patients with chronic bronchitis, should be the recipients of intense efforts to prevent pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery.
Climatology of Size, Shape, and Intensity of Precipitation Features over Great Britain and Ireland

AbstractA climatology of precipitation features (or objects) from the Great Britain and Ireland radar-derived precipitation mosaic from 2006 to 2015 is constructed, with features defined as contiguous areas of nonzero precipitation rates. Over the 10 years, there are 54 811 747 nonunique precipitating features over 100 km2 in area, with a median precipitation feature area of 249 km2, median major axis length of 29.2 km, median aspect ratio of 2.0:1, median feature mean precipitation rate of 0.49 mm h−1, and median feature maximum precipitation rate of 2.4 mm h−1. Small-scale precipitating systems are most common, but larger systems exceeding 10 000 km2 contribute close to 70% of the annual precipitation across the study region. Precipitation feature characteristics are sensitive to changes in annual and diurnal environment, with feature intensities peaking during the afternoon in summer and the largest precipitation features occurring during winter. Precipitation intensities less than 5 mm h−1 comprise 97.
Phacoemulsification Surgery in Patients with Vogt- Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cataract surgery with phacoemulsification technique in patients with Vogt- Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in Saudi Arabia, at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital and Maghraby Eye Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A retrospective analysis of the records of patients diagnosed with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome that underwent cataract surgery with phacoemulsification technique between March 2002 and September 2007 was carried out. Phacoemulsification surgery was performed in 13 eyes of 7 patients. 6 patients needed bilateral surgery. There were 3 males and 4 females. One patient was left aphakic in both eyes. In the remaining 11 eyes Acrysof foldable intraocular lens was implanted in the bag. The mean age of presentation was 39.57 ± 6.55 years. The patients were followed up for 8.33 ± 3.7 months. Mean improvement of visual acuity was 6.69 ± 2.46 lines. All patients were monitored closely. The time taken for the quieting of anterior chamber was 4.23 ± 1.92 weeks. Two patients developed significant posterior capsular opacity which needed Neodymium-YAG capsulotomy. There were no other complications. The cataract surgery with phaco-emulsification technique was safe and effective in the patients of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada, provided they were managed effectively during and after surgery.
Inverse correlation between serum testosterone and leptin in men.

Besides its role in the regulation of energy balance, leptin seems to be involved in linking energy stores to the reproductive system. A gender-dependent difference exists in plasma leptin concentration and leptin messenger ribonucleic acid expression in rodents and humans. This difference does not seem to be explained simply by differences in the amount of body fat between genders. To elucidate the relationship of endogenous testosterone and leptin, we studied the serum leptin concentrations in 269 elderly nondiabetic men. In addition, to assess whether exogenously administered testosterone could influence leptin production, we followed the serum levels of leptin in 10 healthy men during a 12-month treatment with 200 mg testosterone enanthate, i.m. , weekly for contraceptive purposes. We found that the serum leptin concentration correlated inversely (r = -0.39; P < 0.001) with that of testosterone in elderly men. This inverse correlation was still present when body mass index and plasma insulin were included in the analysis. The administration of testosterone to young men suppressed serum leptin from the pretreatment level of 3.4 +/- 1.4 to 1.9 +/- 0.6 micrograms/L during the therapy. After cessation of testosterone injections, serum leptin concentration returned back to the pretreatment level. It is concluded that testosterone has a suppressive effect on leptin production, as reflected by circulating levels of this hormone.
A universal variable-to-fixed length source code based on Lawrence's algorithm

It is shown that the modified Lawrence algorithm is universal over the class of binary memoryless sources and that the rate converges asymptotically optimally fast to the source entropy. It is proven that no codes exist that have a better asymptotic performance. The asymptotic bounds show that universal variable-to-fixed-length codes can have a significantly lower redundancy than universal fixed-to-variable-length codes with the same number of codewords. >
The Impact of Bodaboda Motor Crashes on the Budget for Clinical Services at Mulago Hospital, Kampala

Background: Bodabodas are a common form of transport and are becoming a major cause of road traffic accidents in Uganda. We evaluated the magnitude of injuries related to bodabodas and their impact on clinical services at Mulago hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective review of all trauma patients who presented at Mulago hospital emergency ward between June and August 2008 following bodaboda crash. The hospital costs involved in their management were obtained from the office of the hospital statistician. Results: Road Traffic Crashes (RTCs) were the leading cause of trauma and bodabodas were involved in 41% of all trauma patients. The average duration of stay was 8.3 days. The average cost to maintain a bodaboda patient was determined at Uganda shillings 700,359/ or the equivalent of US $369. Bodaboda injuries consumed 62.5% of the budget allocation for the directorate of surgery, Mulago Hospital. Conclusions: Bodabodas are a major cause of traumatic injuries among cases seen in the surgical emergency department at Mulago and the costs incurred by the hospital in managing these injuries are enormous. Efforts should be made to reduce the menace that is brought about by bodaboda motorcycle crashes. Resources currently being spent on treating injuries resulting from accidents involving bodabodas would then be used to improve the care of other patients.
Digital Tools in the Interdisciplinary Orthodontic Treatment of Adult Patients

Orthodontic treatment of adult patients with complex dental problems is done in interdisciplinary teams where different specialist of dental medicine have to manage a vast quantity of data. In such complicated cases good diagnostic tools and easy communication are essential. Computer science has an increasing impact in almost every aspect of the orthodontic practice, research and education. The paper will present, discuss and evaluate the applications of computer technology in interdisciplinary orthodontics like digital photographs, virtual study models, cone beam computed tomography, three-dimensional craniofacial imaging, communication, virtual reality, software for prediction and treatment planning, video imaging, manufacture of orthodontic appliance, web-based digital orthodontic records and network-attached storage device. In conclusion all this digital tools and the new digital paradigm will change the way of imaging, diagnosing, documenting and will propel well the interdisciplinary orthodontic treatment of adult patients in the future. Keywords—Interdisciplinary adult orthodontics, computerized diagnostic tools, digital patient records, virtual reality, simulation and manufacture in orthodontics, network-attached storage.
Diagnosis of Ocular Tuberculosis: A Role for New Testing Modalities?

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the acid-fast bacillus (AFB) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB usually affects the lungs [pulmonary TB (PTB)], but it can also affect any other part of the body [extrapulmonary TB (EPTB)]. EPTB with no evidence of pulmonary involvement accounted for 21.1% of those with TB in 2005, which represents an increase from 16% in 1992. The increase in the proportion of TB cases that are HIV coinfected has contributed to this increase in EPTB. The general symptoms of TB include weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Symptoms of PTB may also include coughing, chest pain, and hemoptysis. Symptoms of EPTB depend on the area affected. TB is spread from person to person through the air when a person with PTB coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Persons who breathe in the air containing M. tuberculosis can become infected asymptomatically; this is called latent TB infection (LTBI). It is estimated that one-third of the world’s population has LTBI. LTBI is not contagious, but about 5% of persons with LTBI (about 100 million people) will develop TB disease in the future. Progression of LTBI to TB is more common among those with compromised immune systems, those who were recently infected with M. tuberculosis, and people with certain medical conditions. Progression of LTBI to TB can be prevented with treatment such as 9 months of isoniazid.
Allocation and scheduling of complex periodic tasks

A static algorithm for allocating and scheduling components of complex periodic tasks across sites in distributed systems is discussed. Besides dealing with the periodicity constraints (which have been the sole concern of many previous algorithms), this algorithm handles precedence, communication, and fault-tolerance requirements of subtasks of the tasks. The algorithm determines the allocation of subtasks of periodic tasks to sites, the scheduled start times of subtasks allocated to a site, and the schedule for communication along the communication channel(s). Experimental evaluation of the algorithm shows that the heuristics and search techniques incorporated in the algorithm are extremely effective. Specifically, they show that, if a task set can be feasibly allocated and scheduled, the algorithm is highly likely to find it without any backtracking during the search. <<ETX>>
[Clinical significance of beta 2-microglobulin and carcinoembryonic antigen in intracranial tumors].

Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) levels were determined in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and tumor cyst fluid obtained from patients with a variety of intracranial tumors. In addition, a simultaneous determination of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was carried out in some patients. The beta 2-MG levels were elevated in 11/101 intracranial tumors, including glioma (4/34), non-glial tumors (1/18), malignant lymphoma (2/18), and metastatic brain tumors (4/31). There were no significant differences in the beta 2-MG levels of serum among the different patient groups. On the other hand, the beta 2-MG levels in CSF were significantly higher in patients with malignant lymphoma and metastatic brain tumors than in those with glioma and non-glial tumors. Fifteen (83.3%) of 18 patients with malignant lymphoma and 6(25.0%) of 24 patients with metastatic brain tumors showed increased the levels of beta 2-MG in CSF. The beta 2-MG levels in the tumor cyst fluid of 11 intracranial tumors exceeded normal serum levels in all but two patients. When the CEA levels in the serum and CSF were measured simultaneously, meaningful differences between malignant lymphoma and metastatic brain tumors were clearly observed. The highest incidence and highest levels of the CEA in serum and CSF were only noted in patients with metastatic brain tumors. Conversely, the serum CEA was slightly raised in 11.8% of malignant lymphoma and the levels of CEA in CSF were within normal range in all these patients. Serial determination of CSF beta 2-MG in patients with malignant lymphoma correlated well with their clinical findings. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ionizing Radiation Leads to the Replacement and de novo Production of Colonic Lgr5+ Stem Cells

Tissue stem cells have self-renewal capability throughout their whole life, which is high enough to lead to the accumulation of DNA damage in a stem cell pool. Whether radiation-induced damage accumulates in tissue stem cells remains unknown, but could be investigated if the fate of tissue stem cells could be followed after irradiation. To realize this goal, we used an Lgr5-dependent lineage tracing system that allows the conditional in vivo labeling of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and their progeny. We found that radiation induced loss of Lgr5+ stem cells in the colon, but not in the duodenum. Interestingly, the loss of colonic Lgr5+ cells was compensated by de novo production of Lgr5+ cells, which increased after irradiation. These findings show that ionizing radiation effectively stimulates the turnover of colonic Lgr5+ stem cells, implying that radiation-induced damage does not accumulate in the colonic Lgr5+ stem cells by this mechanism.
Inter- and Intra-hemispheric Processing of Visual Event-related Potentials in the Absence of the Corpus Callosum

Interhemispheric differences of the N100 latency in visual evoked potentials have been used to estimate interhemispheric transfer time (e.g., Saron & Davidson, 1989). Recent work has also suggested that the P300 component could reflect the efficacy of interhemispheric transmission (Polich & Hoffman, 1998). The purpose of the present study was to study the differential role of the corpus callosum (CC) and anterior commissure (AC) in the interhemispheric propagation of these two electrophysiological components. Thus, the amplitude and latency distribution of the N100 and P300 components were analyzed using high-density electrical mapping in a subject with agenesis of CC but preservation of AC, a subject with agenesis of both CC and AC, and 10 neurologically intact control subjects. The task consisted of a modified visual oddball paradigm comprising one frequent and two rare stimuli, one presented on the same and the other on the opposite side of the frequent stimulus. Interhemispheric differences in latency were found for the N100 component in controls. However, in the acallosal subjects, this component was not identifiable in the indirectly stimulated hemisphere. In controls, no interhemispheric differences were observed in the distribution of the P300 latency and amplitude to rare and frequent stimuli. The distribution of the P300 amplitude in the acallosal subject with an AC was identical to that of the controls, whereas in the acallosal subject lacking the AC, the amplitude was greater in the hemisphere receiving the frequent stimuli, regardless of the visual hemifield in which the rare stimuli were presented. In both acallosal subjects, hemispheric differences in the P300 latency were observed, the latencies being shorter in the hemisphere directly stimulated for all categories of stimuli. These results suggest that the interhemispheric transfer of both the N100 and P300 components relies on the integrity of cortical commissures. Possible P300 generator sources are discussed.
The Glucagon‐Like Peptides

Abstract: The glucagon‐like peptides, GLP‐1 and GLP‐2, are cosecreted by intestinal L cells in response to nutrient ingestion. These peptides exert multiple effects on the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas to regulate the digestion, absorption, and assimilation of ingested nutrients, as well as providing feedback signals to the brain to modulate food intake. Tropic effects of GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 on their major peripheral target tissues, the beta cell and the intestinal epithelium, respectively, further enhance capacity for nutrient handling. When taken together, these findings demonstrate the diverse actions of the intestinal glucagon‐like peptides to regulate nutrient homeostasis.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in adolescence: effects of age and menstrual status on psychological variables.

OBJECTIVE To compare, in adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, eating disorder symptomatology and comorbid affective and anxiety states. METHOD Two hundred fifty consecutive, female inpatients on an eating disorders unit were studied. They were given the Beck Depression Inventory; the Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive, Anxiety, and Phobic Anxiety scales from the Symptom Checklist 90; and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Patients were divided into categories based on age, diagnosis, and menstrual status. RESULTS Onset of anorexia nervosa before age 14 and primary amenorrhea were associated with the greatest maturity fears during acute illness. For patients with restricting anorexia, adolescents aged 17 through 19 years had the highest drive for thinness compared to adolescents aged 13 through 16 years and adults. The lowest levels of depression and anxiety were seen in patients younger than age 14 with restricting anorexia. CONCLUSION Overall, few psychological differences between adults and adolescents with eating disorders were found, with the exceptions of the youngest restricting anorectic patients at the time of treatment and both restricting and bulimic-anorectic patients who had a very early onset of their illness. Younger patients with acute anorexia nervosa may not require pharmacotherapy for anxiety and depression and may benefit from a focus on maturity fears in psychotherapy.
gp330 on type II pneumocytes mediates endocytosis leading to degradation of pro-urokinase, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and urokinase-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex.

Glycoprotein 330 (gp330) is a member of a family of receptors related to the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Although several ligands have been shown to bind gp330 in solid-phase assays, the ability of gp330 to mediate ligand endocytosis has not been demonstrated. To develop a cellular model for gp330 function we screened a variety of cultured cell lines and identified several that expressed this protein, including immortalized rat type II pneumocytes and a human and two rodent tumor cell lines. Using type II pneumocytes, endocytosis of a previously described gp330 ligand, urokinase (uPA) complexed with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (uPA:PAI-1) and two new ligands, PAI-1 and pro-uPA, was demonstrated. RAP, the 39 kDa receptor-associated protein known to antagonize ligand binding to gp330 in solid-phase binding assays, completely inhibited both internalization and degradation of the radiolabeled ligands by type II pneumocytes. This suggested that the clearance of these ligands was dependent on either gp330 or the LDLR-related protein (LRP), which shares several ligand-binding characteristics with gp330. By using polyclonal antibodies to gp330, the cellular internalization and degradation of the ligands were inhibited by 30-50%; remaining ligand internalization and degradation activity could be partially inhibited by polyclonal antibodies against LRP. These findings indicate that gp330, like other LDLR family members, mediates endocytosis of its ligands. In addition, gp330 acts in concert with LRP in type II pneumocytes to mediate clearance of a variety of proteins involved in plasminogen activation, including uPA:PAI-1 complexes PAI-1 and pro-uPA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A review on the Standardization of herbal medicines *

The world is witnessing an unprecedented growth in the usage of herbal products. India is a mother hub for natural herbs based science. Herbal drug technology is used for converting botanical materials into medicines, where standardization and quality control with proper integration of modern scientific techniques and traditional knowledge is important. For global harmonization WHO specific guidelines for the assessment of the safety, efficacy and quality of herbal medicines are of utmost importance. Standardization of drug means confirmation of its identity, quality and purity throughout all phases of its cycle. An overview covering the different techniques involved in standardization of crude/ finished compound drugs so far, e.g. macroscopic methods, microscopic methods, physical methods, chemical methods, biological methods.The chromatographic methods and comprehensive methods, such as fingerprint and multi-component quantification; hyphenated techniques, like HPLC-MS, GC-MS. and bhasma’s standardization are also discussed.
Atypical effect of temperature tuning on the insertion of the catalytic iron−sulfur center in a recombinant [FeFe]‐hydrogenase

The expression of recombinant [FeFe]‐hydrogenases is an important step for the production of large amount of these enzymes for their exploitation in biotechnology and for the characterization of the protein‐metal cofactor interactions. The correct assembly of the organometallic catalytic site, named H‐cluster, requires a dedicated set of maturases that must be coexpressed in the microbial hosts or used for in vitro assembly of the active enzymes. In this work, the effect of the post‐induction temperature on the recombinant expression of CaHydA [FeFe]‐hydrogenase in E. coli is investigated. The results show a peculiar behavior: the enzyme expression is maximum at lower temperatures (20°C), while the specific activity of the purified CaHydA is higher at higher temperature (30°C), as a consequence of improved protein folding and active site incorporation.