Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain Rhythms of Language: Nouns Versus Verbs

Electrocortical activity was recorded from scalps of human subjects reading nouns and verbs. Current source density analysis of EEG signals and calculation of spectral responses revealed differences between word categories in the 30 Hz range. Verbs elicited stronger 30 Hz activity at recording sites over the motor cortices, while nouns elicited stronger responses at sites over visual cortices in the occipital lobes. Behavioural testing indicated that, at the cognitive level, this double dissociation corresponds to motor and visual associations prompted by verbal stimuli. These results suggest that local high‐frequency brain responses can be indicators of conscious processing of motor and visual associations of verbal material. Furthermore, the results provide additional evidence that nouns and verbs have distinct neuronal generators in the intact human brain.
Outcomes After Hip Fracture Surgery Compared With Elective Total Hip Replacement.

IMPORTANCE Patients undergoing surgery for a hip fracture have a higher risk of mortality and major complications compared with patients undergoing an elective total hip replacement (THR) operation. The effect of older age and comorbidities associated with hip fracture on this increased perioperative risk is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine if there was a difference in hospital mortality among patients who underwent hip fracture surgery relative to an elective THR, after adjustment for age, sex, and preoperative comorbidities. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using the French National Hospital Discharge Database from January 2010 to December 2013, patients older than 45 years undergoing hip surgery at French hospitals were included. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10), codes were used to determine patients' comorbidities and complications after surgery. A population matched for age, sex, and preoperative comorbidities of patients who underwent elective THR or hip fracture surgery was created using a multivariable logistic model and a greedy matching algorithm with a 1:1 ratio. EXPOSURE Hip fracture. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Postoperative in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 690,995 eligible patients were included from 864 centers in France. Patients undergoing elective THR surgery (n = 371,191) were younger, more commonly men, and had less comorbidity compared with patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Following hip fracture surgery (n = 319,804), 10,931 patients (3.42%) died before hospital discharge and 669 patients (0.18%) died after elective THR. Multivariable analysis of the matched populations (n = 234,314) demonstrated a higher risk of mortality (1.82% for hip fracture surgery vs 0.31% for elective THR; absolute risk increase, 1.51% [95% CI, 1.46%-1.55%]; relative risk [RR], 5.88 [95% CI, 5.26-6.58]; P < .001) and of major postoperative complications (5.88% for hip fracture surgery vs 2.34% for elective THR; absolute risk increase, 3.54% [95% CI, 3.50%-3.59%]; RR, 2.50 [95% CI, 2.40-2.62]; P < .001) among patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In a large cohort of French patients, hip fracture surgery compared with elective THR was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality after adjustment for age, sex, and measured comorbidities. Further studies are needed to define the causes for these differences.
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam

In the present edition of Allama Iqbal’s The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, an attempt has been made at providing references to many authors cited in it and, more particularly, to the passages quoted from their works. The titles of these works have not always been given by the Allama and, in a few cases, even the names of the authors have to be worked out from some such general descriptions about them as ‘the great mystic poet of Islam’, ‘a modern historian of civilization’, and the like.
The Value of Workshops on Psychological Flexibility for Early Childhood Special Education Staff

High stress and burnout are common for early childhood special educators, contributing to high rates of attrition, diminished educational effectiveness, and high turnover. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of problems. Using a randomized wait-list control design, this pilot study evaluated whether ACT workshops delivered to preschool teachers who serve children with developmental disabilities would improve stress-related problems of teachers (i.e., stress, depression, and burnout) and increase collegial support. At pretest, measures of experiential avoidance (EA) and mindful awareness (MA) showed significant relationships to reports of depression, stress, and burnout. The intervention reduced staff members’ EA, increased teachers’ MA and valued living (VL), and improved teachers’ sense of efficacy. This suggests that ACT workshops can help influence factors affecting depression, stress, and burnout in an early childhood special education setting.
Arthroscopic Hip Labral Reconstruction With a Gracilis Autograft Versus Labral Refixation

Background: There is high interest but very little evidence to support labral reconstruction of the hip. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effectiveness of arthroscopic hip labral reconstruction using gracilis autograft in the multistep surgeries for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The hypothesis was that patients undergoing arthroscopic hip labral reconstruction with gracilis autograft would have improvement in symptoms and function attributable to this procedure. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A comparative retrospective review at a large medical facility was performed of patients who underwent labral reconstruction with a gracilis autograft (RECON group) and those who underwent labral refixation (REFIX group) between October 2008 and November 2009. Inclusion criteria were adult patients having undergone arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic cam-pincer FAI without advanced radiographic osteoarthritis, who had both acetabular and femoral osteoplasties with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patient satisfaction and preoperative and postoperative nonarthritic hip scores (NAHS) were obtained. Predictive modeling, linear regression, and a nested case-control study were performed. Results: A total of 54 patients met the inclusion criteria. The RECON group (n = 8; mean age, 34.6 years; range, 18-58 years) with an average 30-month follow-up (range, 24-37 months) and 100% participation reported a high level of patient satisfaction (7 high, 1 moderate). The mean NAHS improved by 50.5 points (P = .008) in the RECON group and 22.5 points (P < .0001) in the REFIX group; however, the preoperative NAHS was lower (P < .05) in the RECON group than in the REFIX group. Only the surgery group (RECON vs REFIX) and the preoperative NAHS were significantly associated with the NAHS at follow-up. The predictive model and linear regression revealed a 15.0- and 14.6-point increase, respectively, in the postoperative NAHS in the RECON group compared with the REFIX group. There were no major complications, revision surgeries, or conversion arthroplasties after labral reconstruction. Conclusion: Arthroscopic hip labral reconstruction with gracilis tendon autograft is a safe and effective procedure. Patients undergoing labral reconstruction may not necessarily have outcomes inferior to those of patients undergoing labral refixation despite more severe initial labral insufficiency.
Candidate gene polymorphisms study between human African trypanosomiasis clinical phenotypes in Guinea

Background Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), a lethal disease induced by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, has a range of clinical outcomes in its human host in West Africa: an acute form progressing rapidly to second stage, spontaneous self-cure and individuals able to regulate parasitaemia at very low levels, have all been reported from endemic foci. In order to test if this clinical diversity is influenced by host genetic determinants, the association between candidate gene polymorphisms and HAT outcome was investigated in populations from HAT active foci in Guinea. Methodology and results Samples were collected from 425 individuals; comprising of 232 HAT cases, 79 subjects with long lasting positive and specific serology but negative parasitology and 114 endemic controls. Genotypes of 28 SNPs in eight genes passed quality control and were used for an association analysis. IL6 rs1818879 allele A (p = 0.0001, OR = 0.39, CI95 = [0.24–0.63], BONF = 0.0034) was associated with a lower risk of progressing from latent infection to active disease. MIF rs36086171 allele G seemed to be associated with an increased risk (p = 0.0239, OR = 1.65, CI95 = [1.07–2.53], BONF = 0.6697) but did not remain significant after Bonferroni correction. Similarly MIF rs12483859 C allele seems be associated with latent infections (p = 0.0077, OR = 1.86, CI95 = [1.18–2.95], BONF = 0.2157). We confirmed earlier observations that APOL1 G2 allele (DEL) (p = 0.0011, OR = 2.70, CI95 = [1.49–4.91], BONF = 0.0301) is associated with a higher risk and APOL1 G1 polymorphism (p = 0.0005, OR = 0.45, CI95 = [0.29–0.70], BONF = 0.0129) with a lower risk of developing HAT. No associations were found with other candidate genes. Conclusion Our data show that host genes are involved in modulating Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection outcome in infected individuals from Guinea with IL6 rs1818879 being associated with a lower risk of progressing to active HAT. These results enhance our understanding of host-parasite interactions and, ultimately, may lead to the development of new control tools.
Exercise as Rehabilitation for Cancer Patients

ObjectiveTo review the literature on the association of exercise and rehabilitation among cancer patients in order to stimulate research in this field. Data SourcesComputerized literature search of databases (Medline, Psychlit, Sportdiscus, Cinahl) and manual search of journals done to identify all empirical studies on exercise and rehabilitation of cancer patients ever conducted and published in any language on this topic. Study SelectionEleven studies found, of these, two were unpublished conference proceedings and could not be obtained, two were doctoral dissertations and seven were published research studies. Of the nine studies reviewed, four were randomized controlled trials, three were quasi-experimental studies, and two were retrospective studies (case-control and cohort in design). All of the studies examined breast cancer patients only. Data ExtractionQualitative review conducted since the studies had heterogeneous study designs including the type and form of exercise intervention or measurement, the data collection methods, and the outcome variables. Data SynthesisOverall, exercise resulted in an improvement of the physiologic parameters observed, including increases in functional capacity and lean tissue, decreases in percent body fat, nausea and fatigue. Improvements in psychologic indicators of well-being and quality of life also found. ConclusionsExercise appears to improve breast cancer patients' physiologic and psychologic well being; however, the research studies reviewed here have numerous methodologic limitations and these results must be considered as preliminary evidence only. To improve knowledge of how exercise may help the rehabilitation of all types of cancer patients, future research studies are needed that use a wider sample of cancer patients, a well-designed randomized controlled design, an exercise intervention that more closely reflects true life circumstances, that is of long duration, that measures numerous physiologic and psychologic changes, and that examines exercise recruitment and adherence problems that may occur.
Stärkung der Ertragssicherheit und Rentabilität im biologischen Erdbeeranbau durch effektivere Unkrautkontrolle sowie Regulierung des Erdbeerblütenstechers und verschiedener Wurzelfäulen

Der okologische Erdbeeranbau ist mit hohen Ertragsschwankungen und den daraus resultierenden Ertragsunsicherheiten konfrontiert, wodurch die Rentabilitat dieses Betriebszweiges immer wieder in Frage gestellt wird. Die nach wie vor bestehende Unkrautproblematik, der Erdbeerblutenstecher (Anthonomus rubi) und verschiedene Wurzelfaulen wie die Vertcillium-Welke stellen mit die wichtigsten Ursachen fur die Ertragsunsicherheit dar. Zur Unkrautkontrolle konnten durch den Fingerhackeeinsatz deutliche Arbeitszeiteinsparungen zur Handhacke dokumentiert werden, so dass auch fur Flachen ab bereits 0,5 ha eine kostengunstige und hochst effektive Technik zur Verfugung steht. Die sensorgesteuerte Hacktechnik arbeitet ebenfalls hochst effektiv, zielt jedoch mehr auf grosere Spezialbetriebe ab. Zum Erdbeerblutenstecher in einjahrigen Bestanden in der Sorte Malwina konnte der Befall durch verschiedene Netzauflagen signifikant gesenkt werden, jedoch blieb der ertragssteigernde Effekt der Klasse 1-Fruchte aus. Stattdessen stiegen die Anteile der Klasse 2-Fruchten uberwiegend signifikant an, was sich durch den erhohten Klimastress, die erschwerte Bestaubungssituation und mogliche mechanische Beschadigungen der Blute zur Netzauflage erklaren lasst. In zweijahrigen Bestanden konnte mit dem entomopathogenen Pilz Metarhizium anisopliae Isolat Ma43 keine signifikante Befallsreduktion erreicht werden, jedoch konnte in einem Vorversuch eine signifikante Ertragssteigerung dokumentiert werden. Zur Verticillium-Welke wurden auf einem stark belasteten und leichten Standort Antagonisten und Bodenhilfsstoffe in der Sorte Sonata untersucht. Promot WP und die zwei Bodenhilfsstoffe VermiGrand und Eifelgold fuhrten zu keiner praxisrelevanten Ertragssteigerung, wahrend RhizoVital 42, RhizoStar und Plantasalva geringere Ertrage aufwiesen als die Kontrolle. Auf einem stark verticilliumbelasteten Standort wurden elf Erdbeersorten auf ihre Robustheit untersucht. Positive Entwicklungen im Vergleich zur verticilliumempfindlichen Honeoye zeigten die Sorten Ultyma, Dely, Christine und Elianny. Unter dem Niveau von Honeoye lagen die Sorten Fenella und Candiss.
Unmet Health Services Needs Among US Children with Developmental Disabilities: Associations with Family Impact and Child Functioning

Objective: To determine associations of unmet needs for child or family health services with (1) adverse family financial and employment impacts and (2) child behavioral functioning problems among US children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD), and/or intellectual disability (ID). Method: This was a secondary analysis of parent-reported data from the 2009 to 2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs linked to the 2011 Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services. The study sample (n = 3,518) represented an estimated 1,803,112 US children aged 6 to 17 years with current ASD, DD, and/or ID (developmental disabilities). Dependent variables included adverse family financial and employment impacts, as well as child behavioral functioning problems. The independent variables of interest were unmet need for (1) child health services and (2) family health services. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to examine associations. Results: Unmet need for child and family health services, adverse family financial and employment impacts, and child behavioral functioning problems were prevalent among US children with developmental disabilities. Unmet needs were associated with an increased likelihood of adverse family employment and financial impacts. Unmet needs were associated with an increased likelihood of child behavioral functioning problems the following year; however, this association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Unmet needs are associated with adverse impacts for children with developmental disabilities and their families. Increased access to and coordination of needed health services following ASD, DD, and/or ID diagnosis may improve outcomes for children with developmental disabilities and their families.
Molecular Mating Type Assay forFusarium circinatum

ABSTRACT A rapid and reliable mating type assay for Fusarium circinatum was created by applying primers specific for theMAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating type alleles to genomic DNA in a single PCR. A similar approach may be applied to fungi not previously shown to reproduce sexually, thus enabling studies of population structure and inheritance.
Comparison of the Usefulness of the MTT, ATP, and Calcein Assays to Predict the Potency of Cytotoxic Agents in Various Human Cancer Cell Lines

Cell viability assays are important tools in oncological research and clinical practice to assess the tumor cell sensitivity of individual patients. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the comparability of 3 widely used assays (MTT, ATP, calcein assays) by principal component analysis. The study included 4 different cytostatics (cisplatin, docetaxel, doxorubicin, vinblastine) and 3 different human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A2780, doxorubicin resistant A2780adr). Ninety-three percent of the total variance of all variables included in the principal component analysis (resulting from 3 cell lines and 3 assays) could be explained by 1 principal component. Factor loadings were > 0.937 except for the variable MTT-A2780adr, which was 0.872. These results indicate the similarity of the 3 assays. A 2nd principal component analysis included literature data and showed accordance of data from this study and the literature. The MTT assay was further improved as a high-throughput screening–capable assay. The ATP assay is able to detect effects of cytostatics already after 1 h incubation. The determination of resistance factors allowed to differentiate cytostatics into P-gp or non-P-gp substrates. In conclusion, this study provides improved microplate reader-based cell viability assays and sets a statistically solid basis for a future comparison of data obtained in different laboratories by any of the 3 assays.
El comportamiento ecológico responsable: un análisis desde los valores biosféricos, sociales-altruistas y egoístas

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la relacion entre los valores y determinados comportamientos ecologicamente responsables, como estar dispuesto a hacer sacrificios personales a favor del medio ambiente, realizar conductas relacionadas con el consumo ecologico y realizar conductas relacionadas con la participacion de los ciudadanos en pro del medio ambiente. Asimismo, se ha explorado la contribucion de los valores a la explicacion de cada conducta concreta. Para ello, se pidio a una muestra de 525 estudiantes universitarios con una media de edad de 21,31 anos que contestaran a una escala de Valores Sociales que media tres dimensiones de valor: valores biosfericos, valores social/altruista y valores egocentricos junto a tres items con los que se media cada una de las conductas consideradas. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la importancia de los valores, en especial los de tipo biosferico, a la hora de explicar el comportamiento ecologico responsable.
The Salmonella genomic island 1 is an integrative mobilizable element

Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) is a genomic island containing an antibiotic resistance gene cluster identified in several Salmonella enterica serovars. The SGI1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster, which is a complex class 1 integron, confers the common multidrug resistance phenotype of epidemic S. enterica Typhimurium DT104. The SGI1 occurrence in S. enterica serovars Typhimurium, Agona, Paratyphi B, Albany, Meleagridis and Newport indicates the horizontal transfer potential of SGI1. Here, we report that SGI1 could be conjugally transferred from S. enterica donor strains to non‐SGI1 S. enterica and Escherichia coli recipient strains where it integrated into the recipient chromosome in a site‐specific manner. First, an extrachromosomal circular form of SGI1 was identified by PCR which forms through a specific recombination of the left and right ends of the integrated SGI1. Chromosomal excision of SGI1 was found to require SGI1‐encoded integrase which presents similarities to the lambdoid integrase family. Second, the conjugal transfer of SGI1 required the presence of a helper plasmid. The conjugative IncC plasmid R55 could thus mobilize in trans SGI1 which was transferred from the donor to the recipient strains. By this way, the conjugal transfer of SGI1 occurred at a frequency of 10−5−10−6 transconjugants per donor. No transconjugants could be obtained for the SGI1 donor lacking the int integrase gene. Third, chromosomal integration of SGI1 occurred via a site‐specific recombination between a 18 bp sequence found in the circular form of SGI1 and a similar 18 bp sequence at the 3′ end of thdF gene in the S. enterica and E. coli chromosome. SGI1 appeared to be transmissible only in the presence of additional conjugative functions provided in trans. SGI1 can thus be classified within the group of integrative mobilizable elements (IMEs).
Regional Patterns of Wintertime SLP Change over the North Pacific and Their Uncertainty in CMIP3 Multi-Model Projections

Regional patterns of wintertime sea level pressure (SLP) trends over the North Pacific and their uncertainty were investigated based on the phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) multi-model projections under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B emission scenario for the 21st century (2000–2099). While the 24-model ensemble mean of the 100-yr SLP trend over the North Pacific shows a northward shift of the Aleutian low (AL), regional patterns of the SLP change vary among the models. Projected changes deepen the AL in several models but it shifts northward in some others. The di¤erent response of the AL results in a large inter-model spread over the North Pacific, which is largest of the Northern Hemisphere and comparable in magnitude to the ensemble mean in the same region. This large spread means a high degree of uncertainty in the 100-yr SLP trend over the North Pacific. For the total uncertainty in the SLP trends over the North Pacific, we examined the relative importance of the internal climate variability and model uncertainty due to di¤erent treatments of physical processes and computational scheme. To evaluate each of contributions, a single-realization ensemble using a subset of 10 CMIP3 models is compared to a multi-realization ensemble for the same models in the A1B projections. Additionally the control simulations under preindustrial conditions are examined to evaluate the background internal variability in each of the CMIP3 models. Our analysis shows that both the model uncertainty and internal climate variability contribute to the total uncertainty in the 100-yr SLP trends during the 21st century, while the internal climate variability largely explains the total uncertainty in the 50-yr SLP trends during the first half of the 21st century. Corresponding author and present a‰liation: Kazuhiro Oshima, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan. E-mail: kazuhiro@chikyu.ac. jp 6 2012, Meteorological Society of Japan The changes in surface heat flux and North Pacific subtropical gyre in association with the di¤erent response of the AL a¤ect regional patterns of the sea surface temperature trends among models.