Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting article errors in English learner essays with recurrent neural networks

Detecting article errors in English learner essays with recurrent neural networks A thesis presented to the Department of Computer Science Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts by Manaswini Garimella Article and determiner errors are common in the writing of English language learners, but automated systems of detecting and correcting them can be challenging to build as the context in which an article is found can be ambiguous. Here, I investigate the use of recurrent neural networks to detect and correct such errors separately, treating it as a sequence labeling task. The NUS Corpus of Learner English is used for training and evaluation. A maximum precision of 76%, recall of 41%, and F0.5 score of 46.5% were achieved in the error detection task using a bidirectional LSTM. A maximum precision of 51%, recall of 34%, and F0.5 score of 47% were achieved in the error correction task using a bidirectional LSTM, which is competitive with previous results on this corpus and recent results using other neural network models. Furthermore, the technique used relies only on lexical items, with no additional features necessary. These results, in conjunction with clear venues for improvement, show that the method is a promising one for the task.
Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability around the tropical tropopause observed with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar

In November 2001, the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (0.20°S, 100.32°E) observed a continuous strong eastward wind shear (10–50 m s−1 km−1), westward wind (2–27 m s−1), and the radar echo layer tilted downward to the west in the region 0–1 km above the tropopause. During the same period, the Richardson number calculated with hourly‐averaged horizontal wind and radiosonde temperature data was almost continuously <0.5 and sometimes <0.25, which seems to indicate that the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) frequently occurs in that region. The existence of the tilted radar echo layer can be explained by KHI billows. A spurious updraft caused by the KHI‐induced tilted echo layer and by the strong westward wind was also observed in the region.
On health insurance and household decisions : an econometric policy analysis

In developing countries, health insurance is not a commonly purchased financial instrument. Recent debates have revolved around extending health insurance coverage to a wider range of the population, primarily via compulsory insurance schemes. However, the debate rarely considers the competing demands placed on the family budget. In this paper, we have examined expenditure substitution patterns for both insured and uninsured households in a highly unequal developing country allowing for selection on insurance status. Our analysis suggests that expansion of health insurance coverage via compulsory schemes will create additional burdens for households, especially in terms of food purchases, and are, therefore, likely to require simultaneously implemented welfare or subsidy policies in order to be effective. It is not clear, then, that the benefits of a compulsory insurance scheme will outweigh the additional costs in terms of behavioural constraints, fiscal constraints and public sector service delivery capacity constraints. Date: June 2008. J.E. L. Classification. I11, G22, D14.
Ecological indicator values of British species: an application of Gaussian logistic regression

In a large ecological survey of Britain,13841 quadrats were sampled in 508 1-km squares. The quadrats included 1132 species of vascular plants, of which 643 occurred in 10 or more quadrats. Applying the method of Gaussian logistic regression to data from this survey, ecological optima and tolerances of species were estimated for Ellenberg’s seven ecological indicator variables. Tolerances showed very little relation to the original scales. Most optima were within the range of the original scales but a few species lacked optima for some variables. Optima showed a strong positive relation to original values, but the resulting scale was compressed. We propose a locally-weighted trend line to convert each optimum value to an estimate of the original value. Reprediction using methods based on large-scale quadrat samples offers a very good means of extending Ellenberg’s values to a new geographic area such as Britain.
Exploring the Moderating Roles of Perceived Person-Job Fit and Person-Organisation Fit on the Relationship between Training Investment and Knowledge Workers' Turnover Intentions

Previous studies have documented inconsistent results in terms of the relationship between knowledge workers’ perceived training investment and their turnover intentions. In order to clarify the inconsistencies, the present study extends previous research by exploring the moderating roles of perceived demand– ability (D–A) job fit and person–organisation (P–O) fit. Data were collected from 303 research and development (R&D) engineers from 30 high-technology firms in Taiwan. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results show that perceived D–A fit, P–O fit, and perceived training investment interact jointly to predict knowledge workers’ turnover intentions. Specifically, while the main effect of perceived training investment on turnover intentions was negative, under situations of extremely high perceived D–A fit and extremely low P–O fit, the relationship between knowledge workers’ perceived training investment and their turnover intentions became positive, and under situations of low perceived D–A fit and high P–O fit, the relationship between knowledge workers’ perceived training investment and their turnover intentions remained negative. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. apps_412 566.593
Agricultural and Resource Economics

1. A bachelor’s degree or recognized equivalent from an accredited institution; 2. A grade point average of B or better (3.0); 3. If the applicant comes from a country or political entity (e.g., Quebec) where English is not the official language, adequate proficiency in English to do graduate work, as evidenced by a TOEFL score of at least 90 on the iBT test, 570 on the paper-and-pencil test, or an IELTS Band score of at least 7 on a 9-point scale (note that individual programs may set higher levels for any of these); and 4. Sufficient undergraduate training to do graduate work in the given field.
Above and Belowground Drivers of Weed-Soybean Competition in a Long-Term Organic Cropping Systems Experiment

Increased weed free production capacity and decreased weed-crop competition intensity could help explain apparent crop tolerance of weeds in organic systems. The weed community and soil environment are affected by management history and could influence weed-crop competition relationships. We investigated weed-soybean competition in four organic cropping systems: (i) High Fertility (HF), (ii) Low Fertility (LF), (iii) Enhanced Weed Management (EWM), and (iv) Reduced Tillage (RT). In our experiment, the RT system had greater weed-free soybean production capacity, greater soil health, but also greater weed abundance and diversity than the EWM system. Soil inorganic N, K, Ca, and respiration were positively related to weedfree soybean production capacity. Unexpectedly, we observed positive relationships between weed-soybean competition intensity and several soil nutrient and organic matter indicators. Our research highlights connections between management history and weed-crop competition in organic systems, which could inform integrated weed management strategies.
Trajectory tracking control of underactuated USV based on modified backstepping approach

Abstract This paper presents a state feedback based backstepping control algorithm to address the trajectory tracking problem of an underactuated Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) in the horizontal plane. A nonlinear three Degree of Freedom (DOF) underactuated dynamic model for USV is considered, and trajectory tracking controller that can track both curve trajectory and straight line trajectory with high accuracy is designed as the well known Persistent Exciting (PE) conditions of yaw velocity is completely relaxed in our study. The proposed controller has further been enriched by incorporating an integral action additionally for enhancing the steady state performance and control precision of the USV trajectory tracking control system. Global stability of the overall system is proved by Lyapunov theory and Barbalat’s Lemma, and then simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller designed.
A COMPARISON OF MUSCLE ACTIVITION BETWEEN MAXIMUM PURE CONCENTRIC AND COUNTER MOVEMENT BENCH PRESSING

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics and muscle activation patterns of the counter movement bench press with pure concentric lifts in the ascending phase of a successful one repetition maximum attempt for 11 recreational weight-training athletes, with special attention to the sticking region. In both conditions a sticking region occurred. However, the start of the sticking region was different between the two bench presses. In addition the muscle activity was higher in the counter movement bench press compared to the concentric one. Together with the findings of the muscle activation during the maximal lifts it was concluded that diminishing effect of force potentiation and delayed muscle activation unlikely explains the existence of the sticking region in a 1-RM bench press. Most likely, the sticking region is the result of a poor mechanical force position.
Duelling Bandits with Weak Regret in Adversarial Environments

Research on the multi-armed bandit problem has studied the trade-off of exploration and exploitation in depth. However, there are numerous applications where the cardinal absolute-valued feedback model (e.g. ratings from one to five) is not suitable. This has motivated the formulation of the duelling bandits problem, where the learner picks a pair of actions and observes a noisy binary feedback, indicating a relative preference between the two. There exist a multitude of different settings and interpretations of the problem for two reasons. First, due to the absence of a total order of actions, there is no natural definition of the best action. Existing work either explicitly assumes the existence of a linear order, or uses a custom definition for the winner. Second, there are multiple reasonable notions of regret to measure the learner's performance. Most prior work has been focussing on the $\textit{strong regret}$, which averages the quality of the two actions picked. This work focusses on the $\textit{weak regret}$, which is based on the quality of the better of the two actions selected. Weak regret is the more appropriate performance measure when the pair's inferior action has no significant detrimental effect on the pair's quality. We study the duelling bandits problem in the adversarial setting. We provide an algorithm which has theoretical guarantees in both the utility-based setting, which implies a total order, and the unrestricted setting. For the latter, we work with the $\textit{Borda winner}$, finding the action maximising the probability of winning against an action sampled uniformly at random. The thesis concludes with experimental results based on both real-world data and synthetic data, showing the algorithm's performance and limitations.
On a fractional step-splitting scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard equation

Purpose – For a partial differential equation with a fourth-order derivative such as the Cahn-Hilliard equation, it is always a challenge to design numerical schemes that can handle the restrictive time step introduced by this higher order term. The purpose of this paper is to employ a fractional splitting method to isolate the convective, the nonlinear second-order and the fourth-order differential terms. Design/methodology/approach – The full equation is then solved by consistent schemes for each differential term independently. In addition to validating the second-order accuracy, the authors will demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method by validating the dissipation of the Ginzberg-Lindau energy and the coarsening properties of the solution. Findings – The scheme is second-order accuracy, the authors will demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method by validating the dissipation of the Ginzberg-Lindau energy and the coarsening properties of the solution. Originality/value – The authors be.
Acid tolerance mechanisms in soil grown plants.

Iqbal, M.T. Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh ABSTRACT and subtropical regions where agriculture is the dominant business. Soil acidity, the critical constraints limiting crop production on these acid soils. Research on acid-tolerance mechanisms of soil grown plants will have important implication in facilitating soil and crop management in the tropical and subtropical regions. Soil is common due to solubilisation of Al symptom of Al
The role of service attributes in customer satisfaction: An analysis of classified hotels in Cameroon

This study aims to evaluate the influence of service dimensions’ satisfaction on hotel guest’s overall satisfaction. Confronting the theory originally stated with the specificity of satisfaction in the hotel sector, we developed hypotheses linking each of the service dimensions with overall satisfaction declared by the consumer. The data collected with a questionnaire were analyzed through a series of Multiple Component Analysis, cross-tabulations and Pearson Chi-square tests. Interpretation of the results allows us to reach the conclusion that three dimensions (groups of attributes) only out of the six initially considered contribute to overall satisfaction that is, service availability, interaction with the service provider and services received. The results of this research provide hotel managers with specific information. The first information is that word of mouth is one of the most important sources of information for hotel guests in Cameroon, so managers of these institutions should work towards stimulating it. Moreover, in order to increase guests’ overall satisfaction, it is necessary to improve their satisfaction with the aforementioned service dimensions. Key words: Service dimension, overall satisfaction, word-of-mouth.
The role of appearance in selection for sex-typed jobs

Redhead, Megan E. M.S., Purdue University, August 2014. The Role of Appearance in Selection for Sex-typed Jobs. Major Professor: Margaret Stockdale. Madeline Heilman’s (1983) Lack of Fit Model, which postulates why discrimination occurs in the selection of sex-typed jobs, has been applied to the interaction of applicant attractiveness. Yet recent research suggests that other appearance variables, namely sex-typed facial features, may be associated with perceptions of fit. Building upon Heilman’s 1983 model, the current study evaluated how sex-typed facial features relate to applicant selection for sex-typed fields. Undergraduate students were recruited for participation during the spring academic semester (n = 413) and data were analyzed using a 2x2x2 ANOVA. Results indicated that selection is significantly impacted by the three-way interaction of applicant sex, facial feature-type, and sex-type of the applying field. Further, masculine-featured females and feminine-featured males were significantly less favored for selection within the feminine sex-typed field. Implications of these findings and the differential evaluation of male and female applicants in a feminine field are discussed.
Phonological features of Basilectal Philippine English: An exploratory study

This paper attempts to describe the result of a data-based investigation of the phonology of the Basilectal Philippine English as a response to Tupaz’ (2004) challenge to conduct Philippine English studies that would describe not only the “educated English” (the acrolect and mesolect speakers), but the “linguistic practices of genuinely marginalized voices (the basilect speakers) in Philippine society” (p.54), as described by Llamzon, 1997 in Tayao, 2004). The findings of this study provide a description of the phonological features of these “marginalized” voices that include minimally functionally literate Filipinos such as jeepney drivers, nannies, janitors, market vendors, and the like from a particular region and Visayan language variety – Cebuano speakers from Region 7 – to distinguish it from the previous studies that have usually sampled subjects of Luzon origin only. Finally, the paper echoes the call for future studies of Philippine English phonology describing the range of segmental and suprasegmental features of various Basilectal Philippine English speakers across the country. Key words: Phonology, sociolinguistics, Philippine English, Basilectal speakers, Basilectal Philippine English speakers, Philippine English phonology.
Crime and Self-Control Revisited: Disentangling the Effect of Self-Control on Risk and Social Preferences

In economic models, risk and social preferences are major determinants of criminal behavior. In criminology, low self-control is considered a fundamental cause of crime. Relating the arguments from both disciplines, this paper studies the relationship between self-control and both risk and social preferences. To exogenously vary the level of self-control, we use a well-established experimental manipulation. We find that low self-control causes less risk-averse behavior. The effect of self-control on social preferences is not significant. In sum, our findings support the proposition that low self-control is a facilitator of crime. While our study is motivated by the literature on the determinants of criminal behavior, it has important implications for dual-system models and documents endogeneity of economic preferences.
Study on antipyretic property of the leaves of Ligustrum robustum

Background: Thorough pharmacological experiments on various plants used in traditional medicines are in progress in order to establish their effectiveness and safety. But modern drugs or conventional medicines are often viewed as impersonal, emphasizing crisis intervention. Keeping in view the above idea, the present study is undertaken on the plant Ligustrum robustum to explore its antipyretic property in albino rats. Methods: Healthy young albino rats weighing between 100-250gm were obtained for the study. The animals were divided into five groups with six animals in each group. Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneous injection of dried yeast in 2% gum acacia in normal saline at a dose of 20ml/kg body weight below the nape of the neck in albino rats. The antipyretic activity of the aqueous extract of Ligustrum robustum was tested by yeast induced method. The data were subjected to ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s ‘t’ test for statistical significance between different groups. Results: Ligustrum robustum in doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg significantly reduced the temperature (p<0.05 to 0.01) in the 3 rd and 4 th hour after drug administration. Conclusions: Present study concludes that the aqueous extract of the leaves of Ligustrum robustum showed significant antipyretic property in the standard experimental animal models.
Implementing performance measurement systems: Indonesian local government under pressure

Purpose - – This paper aims to explore the perceived drivers behind the implementation of performance measurement systems (PMSs) in Indonesian local government (ILG). It analytically assesses Indonesia’s attempt to introduce PMSs by addressing three research questions: Do organisations in developing countries actually use PMSs to aid decision-making and help plan for future performance improvement? ( Design/methodology/approach - – This research explores the perceived drivers behind the implementation of performance measurement systems (PMSs) in Indonesian local government (ILG). It analytically assesses Indonesia’s attempt to introduce a PMS by addressing three research questions: Findings - – Results determined that although employees perceived coercive isomorphism as being a driver of ILG compliance with President B.J. Habibie’s presidential instruction (Inpres No. 7/1999), the Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Institusi Pemerintah/Performance Accountability Report of State Apparatus (known as LAKIP), many councils were still not reporting and those who were, were not doing it well. Many councils lacked management motivation, with some choosing to merely mimic (mimetic isomorphism) what others were doing. Better-resourced councils made use of external consultants or local universities where knowledge was shared (normative isomorphism). Practical implications - – An understanding of factors influencing the development and use of performance measures, in turn, can be used not only to improve PMSs in the future but to improve the quantity and quality of LAKIP reporting. Originality/value - – The theoretical development and interpretation of this research is drawn from institutional theory with a major contribution being that it provides an in-depth conceptual overview and understanding of factors influencing the development and use of performance measures. Further, it fills a gap in the literature exploring PMSs and accountability in a developing country – in this case, Indonesia.
Sea ice thickness, freeboard, and snow depth products from Operation IceBridge airborne data

Abstract. The study of sea ice using airborne remote sensing platforms provides unique capabilities to measure a wide variety of sea ice properties. These measurements are useful for a variety of topics including model evaluation and improvement, assessment of satellite retrievals, and incorporation into climate data records for analysis of interannual variability and long-term trends in sea ice properties. In this paper we describe methods for the retrieval of sea ice thickness, freeboard, and snow depth using data from a multi-sensor suite of instruments on NASA's Operation IceBridge airborne campaign. We assess the consistency of the results through comparison with independent data sets that demonstrate that the IceBridge products are capable of providing a reliable record of snow depth and sea ice thickness. We explore the impact of inter-campaign instrument changes and associated algorithm adaptations as well as the applicability of the adapted algorithms to the ongoing IceBridge mission. The uncertainties associated with the retrieval methods are determined and placed in the context of their impact on the retrieved sea ice thickness. Lastly, we present results for the 2009 and 2010 IceBridge campaigns, which are currently available in product form via the National Snow and Ice Data Center.
The Dynamical Velocity Superposition Effect in the Quantum-Foam In-Flow Theory of Gravity

The new `quantum-foam in-flow' theory of gravity has explained numerous so-called gravitational anomalies, particularly the `dark matter' effect which is now seen to be a dynamical effect of space itself, and whose strength is determined by the fine structure constant, and not by Newton's gravitational constant G. Here we show an experimentally significant approximate dynamical effect, namely a vector superposition effect which arises under certain dynamical conditions when we have absolute motion and gravitational in-flows: the velocities for these processes are shown to be approximately vectorially additive under these conditions. This effect plays a key role in interpreting the data from the numerous experiments that detected the absolute linear motion of the earth. The violations of this superposition effect lead to observable effects, such as the generation of turbulence. The flow theory also leads to vorticity effects that the Gravity Probe B gyroscope experiment will soon begin observing. As previously reported General Relativity predicts a smaller vorticity effect (therein called the Lense-Thirring `frame-dragging' effect) than the new theory of gravity.