Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing a boreal forest landscape for the simultaneous production of collectable goods and timber revenues

Ecosystem services are benefits that people obtain from nature. Often land management that attempts to maximize one ecosystem service reduces the provision of others when there is a trade-off between services. Timber production is economically the most important ecosystem service in boreal forest. However, timber production affects negatively the production of many other ecosystem services and it would be important to know how to minimize the conflicts between them. Collectable goods like berries and mushrooms are also economically important and, in addition, they are recreationally valuable. In this master’s thesis, the possibility to produce simultaneously collectable goods and timber was explored i.e., whether or not it is possible to provide recreational and economic values simultaneously. In the thesis, the term “collectable goods” from forest refers to berries (bilberry and cowberry) and mushrooms (cep). The optimal forest management plans to produce collectable goods and timber simultaneously were analyzed. In addition, the economic value of collectable goods was estimated. Furthermore, tradeoffs existing between collectable goods and timber and between the economic value of collectable goods and timber were analyzed. The research was done at a landscape level across 50 years planning horizon. Timber revenues were estimated in an earlier study and the yields of collectable goods were calculated in this study using ready-made models based on yield data. The yields were calculated for seven alternative forest management regimes varying from the current recommended management regime to the total protection. A multi-objective optimization method was used to explore the conflicts and identify optimal forest management plans. The results of this study show that the strongest conflict was between bilberry and timber production. The second strongest conflict was between the combined economic value of collectables and timber revenues. The conflict between cep and timber production was relatively small and the conflict between cowberry and timber production was negligible. Optimal combinations of management regimes were different for different collectable goods suggesting that maximizing all collectable good yields together with timber production might require diverse set of alternative management regimes in the landscape. However, it was possible to increase the provision of collectable goods with small reductions from timber revenues. This is relevant even from an economic point of view, as this research shows that the economic value of collectable goods can be as high as one third of the corresponding value of timber.
Emerging Adults in the Czech Republic: Views Into and Across Different Domains of Life

This chapter describes how young people in the Czech Republic perceive themselves as emerging adults. We focus on some of the main psychological attributes or features of emerging adults, such as subjective developmental status, feelings of possibilities and autonomy, identity exploration, commitments. The psychological characteristics are considered separately in four domains of functioning – relationship with parents, relationships with romantic partners, study, and work. Finally, we attempt to give more depth to this account by describing the four types or classes of emerging adults empirically identified in data from longitudinal study Paths to adulthood.
Hydration status , executive function and response to orthostatism following a 118-km mountain race : ¿ are they interrelated ? Running head : Hydration status , executive function and response to orthostatism after an ultramarathon

Purpose. The present study aimed to explore whether Blood Pr essure (BP) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) responsiveness to orthostatism, j ointly with Executive Function (EF) performance, were diminished following an ultraendu rance mountain race. Besides, we wanted to assess whether hydration status was related to e ither performance or the abovementioned alterations. Methods. Fifty recreational ultraendurance athletes particip ating in the Penyagolosa Trails CSP115 race (118 km and a total positive elevation of 5439 m) w ere evaluated before and after the competition. HRV and BP were measured in respon e to an orthostatic challenge. EF was evaluated using the color-word interference task of the Stroop test. Body Mass (BM) and Urine Specific Gravity (USG) changes were employed to ass ess hydration status. Results. HRV and BP responsiveness to orthostatism were dimi nished following the race. Besides, a significant BM loss of 3.51 ± 2.03% was recorded. Conversely, EF and USG showed no significant changes from prerace to postrace. Ev ntually, BM loss was inversely related to finishing time (r=-0.34) and postrace orthostatic H R and EF were positively associated (r=0.60). Conclusions. USG and BM loss appears to provide different insigh t into hydration status and our results challenge the well-established criteria th t BM losses >2% are detrimental to performance. Practical Applications. Coaches are advised to consider athletes' performa nce level when interpreting their BM changes during an ultraendura nce competition. Similarly, coaches should be aware that increased vulnerability to orthostati m is a common phenomenon following ultraendurance races and diminished HR responsivene ss to orthostatism could constitute a practical indicator of EF worsening. Copyright a 2016 National Strength and Conditioning Association CC EP TE D Hydration status, executive function and response to orthostatism after an ultramarathon 2
Preventive Effect of Ganoderma lucidum on Paracetamol-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Rats

The effect of Ganoderma lucidum in paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity was investigated on Wistar rats in the present study. Hepatotoxicity was induced by oral administration of paracetamol (500 mg/kg of body weight) for 7 consecutive days. The extent of liver damage was studied by assessing biochemical parameters comprising of plasma aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB) and total plasma total protein (TP). Oral administration of paracetamol significantly increased the plasma levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH with concomitant decrease of TP. The feeding of G. lucidum (1% powder with basal food) significantly reversed the plasma levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and TP nearly to those of the normal rats. Thus, the results of the present demonstrate that the G. lucidum has significant hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats.
Application of Fuel Cells in Underground Mining and Tunnelling

North America's hard rock underground mining industry faces many challenges. Mines are be­ coming deeper; health and safety regulations are becoming more stringent; in Canada mining companies must reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. An attractive option is to replace diesel engines by hydrogen fuel cells, which reduces ventilation demands and emissions of harmful particulates. CANMET-MMSL is a member of an international consortium developing fuel-cell-powcred vehicles for use in underground mines. A prototype has been successfully tested at CANMET-MMSL's experimental mine and at Placer Dome's Campbell Red Lake Mine, and is ready for commercial production. No problems are anticipated in certifying the fuel cell lo­ comotive for underground use. Current work shows that the operating costs of a fuel cell locomotive are lower than for a diesel-powered equivalent. Capital costs are currently higher, but costs are falling rapidly. The next phase of the program is to develop a fueled 1-powered load-haul-dump machine. The proponents be­ lieve that fuel cells will be the power plant of choice for underground operations - both civil and mining - by the end of this decade.
Portable PIT detector as a new tool for non-disruptively locating individually tagged amphibians in the field: a case study with Pyrenean brook salamanders (Calotriton asper)

Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) telemetry has recently been adapted for locating PIT-tagged fish in shallow waters using portable detectors. In the present study, we tested this method for adult amphibians (Pyrenean brook salamanders, Calotriton asper) PIT-tagged with 12-mm transponders in a headwater rocky stream. PIT telemetry performances were compared with a conventional hand-capture method, i.e. visual searching and overturning movable stones in the streambed. The mean efficiency of the portable detector (88.2% ± 5.2, s.e.) was significantly higher than hand-capture (51.1% ± 6.4) and the operator progressed, on average, four times faster. Time efficiencies were, on average, 0.92 (±0.15) and 0.12 (±0.04) adult salamanders per minute with the portable detector and by hand-capture, respectively. The efficiency of the portable detector was negatively correlated with the percentage of large stones on the streambed. The time needed to prospect a section was positively correlated with the abundance of PIT-tagged adult salamanders, spring inlets and undercut banks. Because PIT telemetry is less disruptive than hand-capture for both salamanders and their habitat, it is a promising and non-disruptive method for developing studies on the ecology and management of amphibians in shallow waters.
Fast Design of Jerusalem-Cross Parameters by Equivalent Circuit Model and Least-Square Curve Fitting Technique

─ Based on an equivalent circuit model, the least-square curve fitting technique is proposed to quickly design optimum values of geometrical parameters of a dual-band Jerusalem-cross element for arbitrarily specifying any dual resonant frequencies. The validity of the least-square curve fitting technique is checked by comparing geometrical parameters and dual resonant frequencies of six Jerusalem-cross grids obtained by the proposed technique with those obtained by the improved empirical model and measurement method. Design of dual-band Jerusalem-cross slots is also conducted by the proposed technique. Simulation results of reflection and dual resonant frequencies of Jerusalem-cross slots designed by the proposed technique are also validated by measurement data. Index Terms ─ Dual-band Jerusalem-cross element, least-square curve fitting, reflection, transmission.
A snapshot of young children's mathematical competencies: results from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children

This article presents a snapshot of the mathematical competencies of children aged four to five years in Australian early childhood education settings, as perceived by their educators. Data are presented from a nationally-representative sample of 6511 children participating in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). The results reveal that children are seen to possess a number of mathematical competencies at 4-5 years, with the majority of children displaying interest in mathematics. Moreover, differences were noted with respect to the different program types in which the children participated. These results are discussed in relation to previous research, and implications for future research, policy and practice are presented.
Does Anyone Really Believe the Results of the DANISH Trial ? — Implanting an ICD in Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Patients 5 Short Title : Does Anyone Really Believe the DANISH Trial Results ?

The recent publication of the DANISH Trial seems to leave clinicians and 30 patients at a point of therapeutic equipoise regarding the implantation of an ICD in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Limitations of the DANISH Trial are discussed and suggestions for a potential way forward are outlined in this controversial area of patient care.
The Voetspoor Intrusion, Southern Kaoko Zone, Namibia: Mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic constraints for the origin of a syenitic magma

Sr ratios (0.70586 to 0.70610). These sig- natures, together with trace element and REE characteristics, are interpreted as reflecting the nature of an enriched lithospheric mantle source rather than significant crustal contamination. The enrichment of this part of the mantle from which the syenitic magma was derived may be the result of subduction processes which are significantly older than the crystallisation age of the Voetspoor Intrusion. The ascent of the syenitic magma might be related to deep-reaching fault zones that formed during a late-stage extension in an orogenic triple junction.
The rheology of systems containing rigid spheres suspended in both viscous and viscoelastic media, studied by Stokesian dynamics simulations

An extensive Stokesian dynamics study of the rheological behavior of suspensions of rigid spheres subjected to an oscillating shear strain is presented. Two types of suspensions are considered: (1) rigid spheres in a viscous medium, and (2) rigid spheres in a viscoelastic medium. For this latter system we need to extend the Stokesian dynamics method, which was originally developed by Brady and Bossis for particles suspended in a viscous medium. The derivation of the necessary equations for these extended Stokesian dynamics simulations is given. In this derivation we use the well known correspondence principle and apply it to the set of equations for the hydrodynamic forces and stresslets that are valid for spheres suspended in a viscous medium. Then, using Fourier transformation we obtain differential equations for these forces and stresslets in the viscoelastic case. The contribution of the Brownian motion of the spheres to the bulk stress is found to be independent of the viscoelastic properties of the suspending medium. As an example of a viscoelastic medium we have chosen the Maxwell fluid. In our computer simulations we have calculated both elastic and viscous moduli and compared these results with experimental data. For the case of spheres suspended in a viscous medium we find that the elastic modulus reaches a plateau at high frequencies. Finally we present a simple analytical model which accurately reproduces the hydrodynamic contribution to the viscosity of spheres suspended in a Maxwell medium. This model is used to interpret the experimental results of Aral and Kaylon [Aral, B. K. and D. M. Kaylon, J. Rheol. 41, 599–620 (1977)] that were obtained at Peclet numbers currently inaccessible to Stokesian dynamics simulations.
Response to comments on “Enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity in simulating air quality with updated emission inventories for power plants especially for haze periods

I am unconvinced with your claim that an improved emission inventory (EI) for power plants led to enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity during haze periods in East China. It has been well established that there typically was a significant reduction in photochemical activity during severe haze period in China, which has been well characterized by low ozone concentrations (Elucidating severe urban haze formation in China, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 17373, 2014).
Asymptotic Behavior for Nonoscillatory Solutions of Nonlinear Delay Difference Equations

This paper is concerned with the difference equation with several delays in the L X i=0 piyn ki M X j=0 rjyn j 1 A + f(n,yn ) = 0 where f(n,u) is continuous. We study the asymptotic behavior for nonoscillatory solution of the equation, which improves some known results. AMS Subject Classifications: 39A11.
Validity of Two Commercial Grade Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzers for Measurement of Body Fat Percentage

Editor-in-Chief Tommy Boone, PhD, MBA Review Board Todd Astorino, PhD Julien Baker, PhD Steve Brock, PhD Lance Dalleck, PhD Eric Goulet, PhD Robert Gotshall, PhD Alexander Hutchison, PhD M. Knight-Maloney, PhD Len Kravitz, PhD James Laskin, PhD Yit Aun Lim, PhD Lonnie Lowery, PhD Derek Marks, PhD Cristine Mermier, PhD Robert Robergs, PhD Chantal Vella, PhD Dale Wagner, PhD Frank Wyatt, PhD Ben Zhou, PhD
Oral Anticoagulants in German nursing home residents – Drug use patterns and predictors for treatment choice Running head : Oral Anticoagulants in German nursing homes

Kathrin Jobski PhD MSc, Falk Hoffmann PhD MPH, Stefan Herget-Rosenthal MD PhD, Michael Dörks PhD Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Department of Medicine, Rotes Kreuz Hospital, Bremen, Germany Corresponding author: Kathrin Jobski Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Ammerländer Heerstrasse 140, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany E-Mail: kathrin.jobski@uni-oldenburg.de Tel. : +49 (0) 441 798 2330 Fax: +49 (0) 441 798 5824
Phonemic Awareness and Reading Comprehension among Japanese Adult Learners of English

Phonemic awareness (PA) accounts for individual differences in early reading achievement in English as a first language (L1), but its effect generally fades with age. However, in English as a second language (L2), PA may still explain variation in reading ability among the adult population, depending on the readers’ L1 background. We examined the role of PA in the reading comprehension of L1-Japanese readers to closely examine the relationship between PA and reading comprehension. A path analysis revealed that PA makes an indirect contribution to reading comprehension through decoding, which along with vocabulary knowledge directly supports reading comprehension. The present study provides evidence for a role, albeit indirect, played by PA in L2-English reading by L1-Japanese adult readers, and thus lends support to the understanding of the importance of fundamental phonological processing in L2 reading.
Guide to Identification and Treatment of Patients With Eating Disorders in the Primary Care Setting Eating Demographic characteristics Screening Common physical Pharmacological Psychological disorder and diagnostic symptoms tool options symptoms to monitor treatment treatment Anorexia Female SCOFF

© 2010 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Health service utilization among adults with eating disorders is high, and hospitalization expenses are on the rise. Among adults with eating disorders, at least half had their disorder first diagnosed by their primary care physicians. Although primary care physicians are in a unique role to diagnose and treat eating disorders, reviews of medical education frequently show a lack of adequate training in their identification and treatment, and hence health care professionals may only detect an eating disorder once substantial medical and psychological consequences have developed. This review discusses the main eating disorders seen in primary care, including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), night-eating syndrome (NES), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), detailing the signs and symptoms of each of these eating disorders, screening tests Eating disorders, which are associated with a host of adverse medical morbidities, negative psychological sequelae, and considerable reductions in quality of life, should be diagnosed and treated promptly. However, primary care physicians may find it uniquely challenging to detect eating disorders in their early stages, before obvious physical problems arise and while psychological symptoms are subtle. Although psychological symptoms may dominate the presentation, the physician is an integral member of the treatment team and is in a unique role to diagnose and treat eating disorders. This clinical review surveys the eating disorders literature, identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed for articles published from January 1, 1983, to September 30, 2009, using the following keywords: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorders, eating disorders NOS, binge eating, binge eating disorder, and night eating syndrome. This review also focuses on practical issues faced by primary care physicians in the management of these conditions and other issues central to the care of these complex patients with medical and psychiatric comorbid conditions.
Animal Models of Central Diabetes Insipidus: Oxytocin and Low-Sodium Diets as Complementary Treatments

Human central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a neurobiological syndrome characterized by the presence of hypotonic polyuria, hypernatremia, and polydipsia. CDI can be acquired (aCDI) as the result of brain damage to magnocellular neurosecretory cells or fibers that constitute the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system or can be caused by genetic disorders (heredi-tary CDI). aCDI can be experimentally induced by various surgical interventions, including neurohypophysectomy, pituitary stalk compression (PSC), hypophysectomy, and hypothalamic mediobasal lesions. CDI has been associated with a deficient production of arginine vasopressin (AVP) (the antidiuretic hormone secreted by magnocellular system), while more recently, aCDI animal studies also suggest the possible involvement of oxytocin (OT) (a natriuretic-promoting hormone secreted by neurosecretory systems) and other factors related to serum fluid concentration. Both humans and animals with aCDI may benefit from the combined administration of AVP and OT and, importantly, from a low-sodium diet. Moreover, increased OT levels are observed in Brattleboro rats (with mutated AVP gene), which may explain the regulatory hydromineral capacity shown by these animals after hydromineral challenges. In short, the symptoms shown by the different CDI animal models suggest the involvement of additional factors besides the absence of AVP, which appear to depend on the particular neurobiological systems affected in each case.
Wildlife Conservation and Solar Energy Development in the Desert Southwest, United States

Large areas of public land are currently being permitted or evaluated for utility-scale solar energy development (USSED) in the southwestern United States, including areas with high biodiversity and protected species. However, peer-reviewed studies of the effects of USSED on wildlife are lacking. The potential effects of the construction and the eventual decommissioning of solar energy facilities include the direct mortality of wildlife; environmental impacts of fugitive dust and dust suppressants; destruction and modification of habitat, including the impacts of roads; and off-site impacts related to construction material acquisition, processing, and transportation. The potential effects of the operation and maintenance of the facilities include habitat fragmentation and barriers to gene flow, increased noise, electromagnetic field generation, microclimate alteration, pollution, water consumption, and fire. Facility design effects, the efficacy of site-selection criteria, and the cumulative effects of USSED on regional wildlife populations are unknown. Currently available peer-reviewed data are insufficient to allow a rigorous assessment of the impact of USSED on wildlife.
Money Supply Determinants in Nepal: A Macro Analysis

This paper analyzes the major money supply determinants in Nepal in the past 10 years from FY 2004/05 - FY 20014/15. In this study monetary base is determined by two explanatory variables (i.e. NFA and NDC) and are called the 'proximate' determinants of the base money. Among the explanatory variables, the net foreign asset (NFA) is found as better determinant than net domestic assets (NDA) in Nepalese economy. For the analysis of determinants of money multiplier (MM), the three explanatory variables i.e., reserve to total deposits ratio (r), time deposits to demand deposits ratio (t) and currency to demand deposits ratio (c) have been used. The model applied in this study shows that explanatory variable of time deposits to demand deposits ratio is the best determinant of money multiplier. The reserve money (RM) is analyzed as the best determinant of money supply, net foreign assets (NFA) is the major determinant of reserve money and time deposits to demand deposits ratio is the significant determinant of money multiplier. Economic Literature, Vol. XIII August 2016, page 55-60