Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Insight into Interactions between Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase ( E 3 ) and E 3 Binding Protein of Human Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

The 9.5 MDa human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) utilizes the specific dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) binding protein (E3BP) to tether the essential E3 component to the 60-meric core of the complex. Here, we report crystal structures of the binding domain (E3BD) of human E3BP alone and in complex with human E3 at 1.6 Å and 2.2 Å, respectively. The latter structure shows that residues from E3BD contact E3 across its 2-fold axis, resulting in one E3BD binding site on the E3 homodimer. Negligible conformational changes occur in E3BD upon its high-affinity binding to E3. Modifications of E3BD residues at the center of the E3BD/E3 interface impede E3 binding far more severely than those of residues on the periphery, validating the ‘‘hot spot’’ paradigm for protein interactions. A cluster of disease-causing E3 mutations located near the center of the E3BD/E3 interface prevents the efficient recruitment of these E3 variants by E3BP into the PDC, leading to the dysfunction of the PDC catalytic machine.
Evaluation of Trametes Lactinea Extracts on the Inhibition of Hyaluronidase, Lipoxygenase and Xanthine Oxidase Activities in Vitro

Trametes lactinea (T. lactinea), a macrofungus belonging to the family of Polyporaceae was investigated for its ability to inhibit hyaluronidase, lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase activities in vitro. Results showed that extracts from the supernatant and mycelia of T. lactinea significantly inhibited the activities of hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase with more than 80% inhibition. The presence of total phenolics and flavonoids were also determined in the fungus extracts. The highest total phenolics and flavonoids were found in the supernatant of T. lactinea culture. Linear regression analysis carried out has found no correlation between the bioactive compounds (phenolics and flavonoids) and the inhibition of the enzyme activities, p > 0.05. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis carried out has identified the presence of other bioactive compounds in the extracts that may act as the enzyme inhibitors.
Parent-directed , intensive early intervention for children with pervasive developmental disorder

We examined parent-directed, intensive early intervention for children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder. Children’s parents recruited paraprofessional therapists and requested consultations on how to implement the UCLA treatment model in their homes (Smith & Lovaas, 1998). Parents and therapists then received six one-day workshops over a five-month period, with additional consultations for the next 2–3 years. Six boys participated (intake age 35–45 months, intake IQ 45–60). The study addressed 1) the children’s skill acquisition during the first five months of treatment; 2) outcome 2–3 years later; 3) treatment quality; and 4) parents’ impressions. Five of 6 children rapidly acquired skills when treatment began, but only 2 clearly improved on standardized tests at the 2–3 year follow-up. Therapists usually employed correct treatment procedures but were less consistent than therapists employed at a clinic. Parents reported high satisfaction with treatment. These mixed results highlight the need for multimodal assessment of parentdirected treatment. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mechanical , thermal and structural properties of rice starch films reinforced with rice starch nanocrystals

A rice starch based film, reinforced with starch nanocrystals (prepared by submitting native granules of rice starch to acid hydrolysis at 40 oC) was prepared by casting film-solution on leveled trays. The influence of the content of starch nanocrystals (5 to 30%) on the mechanical, thermal and structural properties of rice starch films was investigated. The rice starch films showed an increase in tensile strength but decreasing elongation at break and water barrier properties with the addition of rice starch nanocrystals. The addition of starch nanocrystals increased the crystalline peak structure of rice starch film. However, too high starch nanocrystals content resulted in a decreased crystallinity of the resulting film. The behavior of the thermal properties of rice starch films reinforced with starch nanocrystals was investigated by means of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis. No endothermic peaks were observed in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the rice starch film. However, increasing endothermic heat flow was observed when addition and increasing of starch nanocrystals in rice starch films. This can restrict the mobility of the starch chain due to the establishment of strong interactions between rice starch and starch nanocrystals. In addition, a lower content of starch nanocrystals showed smoother than high starch nanocrystals in a rice starch film matrix,
Effects of forward & backward walking training with progressive body weight supported on stroke patients’ ambulatory ability

Objective: In the present study, the effects of progressive body weight support treadmill forward & backward walking training (FBWT), progressive body weight support treadmill forward walking training (FWT), and progressive body weight support treadmill backward walking training (BWT), and on stroke patients’ ambulatory abilities were examined. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 36 chronic stroke patients were divided into three groups with 12 subjects in each group. Each of the groups performed one of the progressive body weight supported treadmill training methods for 30 minute, six times per week for three weeks, and then received general physical therapy without any other intervention until the follow-up tests. For the assessment of the step length, total double support, cadence, gait were measured using optogait and the 10-m walk test (10MWT), 6 minutes walk test (6MWT). Results: In the within group comparisons, all the three groups showed significant differences between before and after the intervention (p<0.05). In the comparison of the three groups, there were significant differences among the three groups in stride length, double limb support stance, cadence, 10MWT, and 6MWT in the third week, and only in stride length, 10MWT, and 6MWT test in the sixth week (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study verified that progressive body weight-supported treadmill gait training positively affected the gait ability of stroke patients in an actual gait environment. It also showed that FBWT group was more effective than FWT group and BWT group training.
Smart and Illicit: Who Becomes an Entrepreneur and Do They Earn More?

We disaggregate the self-employed into incorporated and unincorporated to distinguish between "entrepreneurs" and other business owners. We show that the incorporated self-employed and their businesses engage in activities that demand comparatively strong nonroutine cognitive abilities, while the unincorporated and their firms perform tasks demanding relatively strong manual skills. The incorporated selfemployed have distinct cognitive and noncognitive traits. Besides tending to be white, male, and come from higher-income families, the incorporated—as teenagers—typically scored higher on learning aptitude tests, had greater self-esteem, and engaged in more disruptive, illicit activities. The combination of "smart" and "illicit" tendencies as youths accounts for both entry into entrepreneurship and the comparative earnings of entrepreneurs. In contrast to past research, we find that entrepreneurs earn more per hour and work more hours than their salaried and unincorporated counterparts.
Crossover Interference on NOR-bearing Chromosomes in Arabidopsis

Sandy Lam*, Sarah R. Horn*, Sarah J. Radford, Elizabeth A. Housworth, Franklin W. Stahl and Gregory P. Copenhaver* * Department of Biology and The Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, Departments of Mathematics and Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229
Bounding the energy-constrained quantum and private capacities of phase-insensitive bosonic Gaussian channels

We establish several upper bounds on the energy-constrained quantum and private capacities of all single-mode phase-insensitive bosonic Gaussian channels. The first upper bound, which we call the ‘data-processing bound,’ is the simplest and is obtained by decomposing a phase-insensitive channel as a pure-loss channel followed by a quantum-limited amplifier channel. We prove that the data-processing bound can be at most 1.45 bits larger than a known lower bound on these capacities of the phase-insensitive Gaussian channel. We discuss another data-processing upper bound as well. Two other upper bounds, which we call the ‘ε-degradable bound’ and the ‘ε-close-degradable bound,’ are established using the notion of approximate degradability along with energy constraints. We find a strong limitation on any potential superadditivity of the coherent information of any phase-insensitive Gaussian channel in the low-noise regime, as the data-processing bound is very near to a known lower bound in such cases. We also find improved achievable rates of private communication through bosonic thermal channels, by employing coding schemes that make use of displaced thermal states. We end by proving that an optimal Gaussian input state for the energy-constrained, generalized channel divergence of two particular Gaussian channels is the two-mode squeezed vacuum state that saturates the energy constraint. What remains open for several interesting channel divergences, such as the diamond norm or the Rényi channel divergence, is to determine whether, among all input states, a Gaussian state is optimal.
Effective 2-Debye-Pole FDTD Model of Electromagnetic Interaction Between Whole Human Body and UWB Radiation

We have successfully developed a human body finite difference time domain model based on efficient two-pole Debye dispersion, and analyzed for the first time the electromagnetic interaction between a whole human body and ultra wide band radiation having a wide frequency spectrum. The two-pole Debye dispersion model is obtained for 50 individual human tissue properties from Gabriel's Cole-Cole data by least squares fitting over a wide frequency range from 100 MHz to 6 GHz. For validation, the model is exposed to radiation of a spread spectrum signal modulated by typical binary phase shift keying. Local energy absorption in a human body has been compared between the two-pole Debye model and a conventional model with frequency-independent permittivity and conductivity.
Advances in Brief Risk of Endometrial Cancer and Estrogen Replacement Therapy History by CYP 17 Genotype 1

Common variants among genes coding for enzymes in sex steroid biosynthetic pathways may influence the risk of endometrial cancer. We examined the association between endometrial cancer risk and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) by CYP17genotype using 51 incident cases and 391 randomly selected controls from a multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California. The relative risk of endometrial cancer was calculated for ever useversusnever use of ERT byCYP17genotype (TT, TC, and CC). We found that women who reported ever taking ERT were more than twice as likely to develop endometrial cancer as women who never took ERT [odds ratio (OR), 2.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19–4.23]. Among these women, the risk of endometrial cancer was higher for women homozygous for theCYP17 Tallele (OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.64–10.3), but not for women with theC allele (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.53–3.21). These preliminary findings suggest that CYP17or other variants in estrogen biosynthesis or metabolism pathways may be potential markers of endometrial cancer susceptibility due to ERT.
Simultaneous estimation of groundwater recharge rates, associated zone structures, and hydraulic conductivity values using fuzzy c-means clustering and harmony search optimisation algorithm: A case study of the Tahtalwatershed

The aim of this study is to present a linked simulation-optimisation model to estimate the groundwater recharge rates, their associated zone structures, and hydraulic conductivity values for regional, steady-state groundwater flow models. For the zone structure estimation problem the fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) method was used. According to our current knowledge, this is the first time that this method was implemented for groundwater recharge zonation problems. The association of zone structures with the spatial distribution of groundwater recharge rates was then accomplished using an optimisation approach where the heuristic harmony search (HS) algorithm was used due to its efficiency in finding global or near global optimum solutions. Since the solution was obtained by a heuristic algorithm, the optimisation process did not require an initial solution, which is an advantage of the proposed approach. The HS based optimisation model determines the shape of zone structures, their corresponding recharge rates and hydraulic conductivity values by minimizing the root mean square error (�) between simulated and observed head values at observation wells and springs, respectively. To determine the best recharge zone structure, the identification procedure starts with computation of one zone and systematically increased the zone number until the optimum zone structure is identified. Subsequently, the performance of the proposed simulation- optimisation model was evaluated on the Tahtal) watershed, an urban watershed for which a seasonal steady- state groundwater flow model was developed for a previous study. The results of our study demonstrated that the proposed simulation-optimisation model is an effective way to calibrate the groundwater flow models for the cases where tangible information about the groundwater recharge distribution does not exist.
VitaminD , Sunlight and Prostate Cancer Risk

Prostate cancer is the second common cancer in men worldwide. The prevention of prostate cancer remains a challenge to researchers and clinicians. Here, we review the relationship of vitamin D and sunlight to prostate cancer risk. Ultraviolet radiation of the sunlight is the main stimulator for vitamin D production in humans. Vitamin D’s antiprostate cancer activities may be involved in the actions through the pathways mediated by vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and VDR-regulated genes. Although laboratory studies including the use of animal models have shown that vitamin D has antiprostate cancer properties, whether it can effectively prevent the development and/or progression of prostate cancer in humans remains to be inconclusive and an intensively studied subject. This review will provide up-to-date information regarding the recent outcomes of laboratory and epidemiology studies on the effects of vitamin D on prostate cancer prevention.
AMACR polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness in a Korean study population

To investigate the potential relationship between sequence variants in the AMACR gene and prostate cancer risk in a Korean study cohort. We evaluated the association between 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AMACR gene and prostate cancer risk as well as clinical characteristics (pathological stage and Gleason score) in Korean men (272 prostate cancer patients and 173 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients who underwent a prostate biopsy, which was negative for malignancy) using unconditional logistic regression. 8 AMACR sequence variants (rs3195676, rs10941112, rs4866402, rs34678, rs10941110, rs34676, rs16892096, and rs250414) had a significant association with prostate cancer risk (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.74, P=0.05; OR=0.74, P=0.04; OR=0.64, P=0.03; OR=1.45, P=0.01; OR=0.74, P=0.04; OR=1.46, P=0.01; OR=0.65, P=0.05; and OR=0.72, P=0.03, respectively). 2 haplotypes (AMACR_B1_ht1 and AMACR_B1_ht2) showed a significant association with prostate cancer risk (OR=0.70, P=0.02; and OR=1.49, P=0.01, respectively). 8 SNPs (rs3195676, rs10941112, rs10941110, rs168803, rs16892096, rs10472909, rs2652130, and rs12659370) and 1 haplotype (AMACR_B2_ht2) were significantly associated with pathological stage, 3 SNPs (rs16892066, rs16892064, and rs840380) and 2 haplotypes (AMACR_B2_ht3 and AMACR_B2_ht4) were also significantly related to Gleason score. Some AMACR gene polymorphisms in Korean men might not only be associated with prostate cancer risk but also significantly related to pathologic stage and Gleason score. However, current limitation for small cohort with not-healthy control group might have false positive effects. These results should be validated via further large-scale studies.
The Role of Apelin in Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity and Cancer

Apelin is an endogenous peptide identified as a ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin belongs to the family of adipokines, which are bioactive mediators released by adipose tissue. Extensive tissue distribution of apelin and its receptor suggests, that it could be involved in many physiological processes including regulation of blood pressure, body fluid homeostasis, endocrine stress response, cardiac contractility, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism. Additionally, this peptide participates in pathological processes, such as heart failure, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In this article, we review current knowledge about the role of apelin in organ and tissue pathologies. We also summarize the mechanisms by which apelin and its receptor mediate the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, we put forward an indication of apelin as a biomarker predicting cardiac diseases and various types of cancer. A better understanding of the function of apelin and its receptor in pathologies might lead to the development of new medical compounds.
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Dissolvable Hydrogels

Hydrogels have a large number of potential applications in microelectromechanical technology as sensors and actuators. In this paper we try to understand the physics of dissolvable hydrogels and investigate the various parameters controlling the dissolution process. Hydrogels, crosslinked via disulfide bonds, when immersed in a solution containing the disulfide cleaving agent can break covalent cross links causing the hydrogel to dissolve and thereby indicating the presence of the cleaving agent. Such a concept can be used to develop biochemical sensors, sacrificial structures in microfluidic systems, and other applications. The mechanism of the hydrogel dissolution process has been studied in detail and a mathematical model has been developed. From the vanishing time of the dissolvable hydrogel, a significant amount of qualitative and quantitative information about the solution can be obtained. A large number of factors governing the hydrogel dissolution process were investigated by simulations and experiments.
A Comparative Study on the Conceptual and Contextual Perception About CSF for ERP Adoption in the SMEs

This paper presents the approach, analysis and findings of a pilot study conducted for ERP Adoption in select Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India. A set of CSFs that were identified from previous research studies conducted all over the world on ERP for SMEs were categorized into different phases of ERP Adoption viz., planning, acquisition, implementation, usage and percolation and extension. These were ranked by the authors in their previous study. This conceptual ranking was then compared in a real-life context in India. Five SMEs were selected as a pilot study wherein the respondents’ ranking on the same CSFs was compared with the authors’ ranking to bring out the similarities and differences in the perceptions. The five SMEs were operating in the automobile-component industry in India and is a pilot project conducted as a part of the on-going research. Keyword: ERP, SMEs, CSFs, Perception, planning, acquisition, implementation, usage & percolation, extension
Sub-band-based transmission for mode-multiplexed optical systems

Mode-multiplexed optical transmission is subject to mode coupling and potentially large differential mode delays. In most recent implementations, these effects are compensated for at the receiver by complex adaptive MIMO equalizers. Although frequency-domain MIMO equalization requires a moderate complexity compared to time-domain equalization, the long required FFTs may face implementation issues and yield a relatively slow response to dynamic effects. In this paper, we evaluate an alternate transceiver architecture based on sub-band partitioning, implemented by filter banks, which enables concurrent time-domain equalization. The performance of sub-band and single-carrier schemes are compared using Monte-Carlo simulations.
Uncertainty From Choice of Mode-Stirring Technique in Reverberation-Chamber Measurements

We develop methods for assessing the component of measurement uncertainty arising from various combinations of mode-stirring techniques in reverberation-chamber measurements. We first develop a components-of-variance model that describes this component of uncertainty in terms of physical mechanisms related to the chamber. We illustrate the use of the model in conjunction with measurements to identify the optimal mode-stirring sequence for a measurement of received power.
ON THE HABITABLE ZONES OF CIRCUMBINARY PLANETARY SYSTEMS

The effect of the stellar flux on exoplanetary systems is becoming an increasingly important property as more planets are discovered in the habitable zone (HZ). The Kepler mission has recently uncovered circumbinary planets with relatively complex HZs due to the combined flux from the binary host stars. Here, we derive HZ boundaries for circumbinary systems and show their dependence on the stellar masses, separation, and time while accounting for binary orbital motion and the orbit of the planet. We include stability regimes for planetary orbits in binary systems with respect to the HZ. These methods are applied to several of the known circumbinary planetary systems such as Kepler-16, 34, 35, and 47. We also quantitatively show the circumstances under which single-star approximations break down for HZ calculations.