Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Transit-oriented Development on Housing Prices in San Diego, CA

This research measures the influence of transit-oriented development (TOD) on the San Diego, CA, condominium market. Many view TOD as a key element in creating a less auto dependent and more sustainable transport system. Price premiums indicate a potential for a market-driven expansion of TOD inventory. A hedonic price model is estimated to isolate statistically the effect of TOD. This includes interaction terms between station distance and various measures of pedestrian orientation. The resulting model shows that station proximity has a significantly stronger impact when coupled with a pedestrian-oriented environment. Conversely, station area condominiums in more auto-oriented environments may sell at a discount. This indicates that TOD has a synergistic value greater than the sum of its parts. It also implies a healthy demand for more TOD housing in San Diego.
Recurrent mutations associated with isolation and passage of SARS coronavirus in cells from non‐human primates

Four clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus were serially passaged in two primate cell lines (FRhK4 and Vero E6). Viral genetic sequences encoding for structural proteins and open reading frames 6–8 were determined in the original clinical specimen, the initial virus isolate (passage 0) and at passages 5, 10, and 15. After 15 passages, a total of 15 different mutations were identified and 12 of them were non‐synonymous mutations. Seven of these mutations were recurrent mutation and all located at the spike, membrane, and Orf 8a protein encoding sequences. Mutations in the membrane protein and a deletion in ORF 6–8 were already observed in passage 0, suggesting these amino acid substitutions are important in the adaptation of the virus isolate in primate cell culture. A mutation in the spike gene (residue 24079) appeared to be unique to adaptation in FRhK4 cells. It is important to be aware of cell culture associated mutations when interpreting data on molecular evolution of SARS coronavirus. J. Med. Virol. 76:435–440, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Portfolio Design: A Modern Approach to Asset Allocation

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Preservation of Basal Inner Ear Structures in Cochlear Implantation

The aim of this report was to examine basal trauma in implanted human temporal bones and discuss modified approaches to the basal cochlear turn to avoid destruction of basal cochlear structures. Thirty-three human temporal bones were implanted with four different cochlear implant electrode arrays manufactured by MED-EL using either a caudal approach cochleostomy or round window membrane insertions. All specimens were processed with a special histological technique that allows sectioning of undecalcified bone with the electrode in situ. All bones were evaluated histologically in terms of basal cochlear trauma. Two pathomechanisms of basal trauma could be distinguished and were evaluated separately, buckling of the basal end of the array and trauma by drilling. Using the caudal approach cochleostomy, the total percentage of destructive basal trauma was 48% compared to less than 15% when performing round window membrane insertions. Although it is still unclear whether basal cochlear trauma influences apical cochlear function or not, adapted surgical procedures and no forceful insertion maneuvers should be used when performing cochlear implantations with hearing preservation.
Rates and patterns of comorbidity of adolescent behavioral syndromes as reported by parents and teachers in a Taiwanese nonreferred sample.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rates and patterns of comorbidity between behavioral syndromes in adolescents as reported by parents and teachers. Whether the patterns of comorbidity were "epiphenomenal" was also assessed. METHOD Parents of 854 randomly selected students (response rate = 88%) in Taipei in 1996 completed the Child Behavior Checklist; among them, 240 also were randomly selected to have the Teacher's Report Form completed by their teachers. In addition to bidirectional comorbidity rates, odds ratios with and without other comorbid pairs controlled for were estimated via multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS High comorbidity rates between behavioral syndromes were found in adolescents as reported both by parents and teachers except for that of Somatic Complaints with other syndromes. When other comorbidity pairs were controlled for, the comorbidity rates between Anxious/Depressed with externalizing syndromes turned out to be epiphenomenal, whereas those between externalizing syndromes remained high for both informants' reports. Attention Problems also remained significantly comorbid with other syndromes in the multiple logistic regressions except for that of Aggressive Behavior in the Teacher's Report Form sample. CONCLUSION High comorbidity rates between adolescent behavioral syndromes exist in both parents' and teachers' reports, and it is important to control for the epiphenomenal condition when assessing such comorbidity rates.
Accumulation of Hydrocarbons by Maize (Zea mays L.) in Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Crude Oil

This study has investigated the use of screened maize for remediation of soil contaminated with crude oil. Pots experiment was carried out for 60 days by transplanting maize seedlings into spiked soils. The results showed that certain amount of crude oil in soil (≤2 147 mg·kg−1) could enhance the production of shoot biomass of maize. Higher concentration (6 373 mg·kg−1) did not significantly inhibit the growth of plant maize (including shoot and root). Analysis of plant shoot by GC-MS showed that low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in maize tissues, but PAHs concentration in the plant did not increase with higher concentration of crude oil in soil. The reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon in planted soil was up to 52.21–72.84%, while that of the corresponding controls was only 25.85–34.22% in two months. In addition, data from physiological and biochemical indexes demonstrated a favorable adaptability of maize to crude oil pollution stress. This study suggested that the use of maize (Zea mays L.) was a good choice for remediation of soil contaminated with petroleum within a certain range of concentrations.
Posttraumatic growth and its relationship to depressive symptomatology in veterans with PTSD.

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of posttraumatic growth (PTG) on symptoms of depression. Previous research has demonstrated a curvilinear relationship between PTG and stress response. It was hypothesized that there would be a curvilinear relationship between domains of PTG on symptoms of depression. A sample of 269 veterans being treated for PTSD was used for this study. All subjects were administered the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and Beck Depression Inventory—II (BDI–II) as part of the patient’s treatment in a residential trauma-focused treatment program for Veterans. Unlike previous studies that have found either curvilinear or no relationship between PTG and depression, the results of this study revealed a negative linear relationship between BDI–II and PTGI domain scores. A quadratic relationship was also explored and did not provide a better explanation for the data. The findings suggest that there was a negative linear relationship between depression symptoms and self-reported PTG. Higher scores on the BDI–II were related to lower PTGI scores. One possibility for the linear relationship findings compared with the previous studies is the use of a larger clinical sample with a greater range of depressive symptomatology and of reported growth in this study. Another factor is the measurements were obtained right after residential treatment. Recent treatment may have accentuated the relationship of depression to growth.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: Intracerebral Recruitment and Impaired Maturation in Response to Interferon-&bgr;

The roles of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and their response to interferon (IFN)-&bgr; therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are poorly understood. We identified pDC accumulation in white matter lesions and leptomeninges of MS brains and abundant expression of the Type I IFN-induced protein MxA, mainly in perivascular CD3+ lymphocytes in lesions, indicating Type I IFN production by activated pDCs. The pDC chemoattractant chemerin was detected in intralesional cerebrovascular endothelial cells, and the chemerin receptor was expressed on infiltrating leukocytes, including pDCs. The effect of IFN-&bgr; on pDC phenotype and function was evaluated in MS patients before and during IFN-&bgr; treatment. Although IFN-&bgr; did not modify the frequency and immature phenotype of circulating pDC, they showed lower expression of major histocompatibility complex Class II and blood-dendritic cell antigen 2 molecules and upregulation of CD38 and B7H1 costimulatory molecules. On exposure to CpG (a site where cytosine [C] lies next to guanine [G] in the DNA sequence [the p indicates that C and G are connected by a phosphodiester bond]) oligodeoxynucleotides in vitro, pDCs from IFN-&bgr;-treated MS patients showed reduced expression of the pDC maturation markers CD83 and CD86 molecules; in vitro IFN-&bgr; treatment of pDCs from healthy donors resulted in lower secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-&agr;, and a decreased ability to stimulate allogeneic T cells in response to maturative stimuli. These data indicate that IFN-&bgr; modulates the immunologic functions of pDC, thus identifying pDCs as a novel target of IFN-&bgr; therapy in MS patients.
Prednisone Increases the Number of Insulin Receptors in Erythrocytes from Children

Summary: Erythrocyte insulin receptors were studied in nine children treated with prednisone (2 mg/kg body weight/day) for various diseases. Two children were treated for 7 days and the other seven for 14 days. Fasting blood glucose rose slightly but significantly (P < 0.025) during prednisone administration; this rise was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in fasting plasma insulin levels (from 11.6 ± 4.5 before to 20.8 ± 12 μU/ml after 7 days of treatment, means + S.D., P < 0.05). This insulin resistant state was maintained throughout prednisone therapy and was reversed 5 days after cessation of treatment. The binding of [125I]insulin at tracer concentration (0.1 ng/ml) to erythrocytes, expressed as % of [125I] insulin specifically bound to 4.4 × 109 cells, rose from 10.7 + 1.7% before to 16.1 + 4.0% after 7 days of prednisone therapy (means + S.D., P < 0.025). This rise was accounted for by a 2-fold increase in the number of receptors per cell (from 54 + 11 before to 97 + 25 after 7 days of treatment, means + S.D., P < 0.05), with no detectable change in receptor affinity. This alteration in the number of erythrocyte receptors was observed throughout the period of prednisone administration, and was reversed 5 days after prednisone withdrawal. The development of insulin resistance despite the increase in the number of insulin receptors suggests that prednisone alters the cellular mechanism(s) of insulin action at a step (or steps) distal to the insulin receptor.
Primary and secondary barriers to physically active healthy lifestyles for adults with learning disabilities.

PURPOSE Evidence shows that those with a learning disability are typically amongst the most inactive and sedentary members of the population, yet few studies have focused on the determinants of physical activity. The aim of the present study was to establish whether a group of 24 adults with mild and moderate learning disabilities receive adequate support to be able to make choices to lead a physically active lifestyle. METHOD A descriptive study was used based on interviews with 24 adults with learning disabilities (mean age of 34 years) triangulated by day time and residential care workers. Participants volunteered from two residential homes and one social education centre (SEC) in a city in the North of England. RESULTS The participants face a set of primary barriers that prevent them from having a choice to adopt the Department of Health's recommendations for physical activity. Identified barriers included: unclear policy guidelines in residential and day service provision together with resourcing, transport and staffing constraints; participant income and expenditure; and limited options for physically active community leisure. CONCLUSIONS These are barriers that are widely acknowledged and understood by day and residential staff and participants in the study, but are arguably poorly understood by policy makers, health promotion agencies, commissioners and providers of learning disability services. The current lack of resources and inadequately specified responsibilities associated with community care deny many people with learning disabilities real choices to live a physically active healthy lifestyle.
Patients’ experience and satisfaction in primary care: secondary analysis using multilevel modelling

Objective To explore whether responses to questions in surveys of patients that purport to assess the performance of general practices or doctors reflect differences between practices, doctors, or the patients themselves. Design Secondary analysis of data from a study of access to general practice, combining data from a survey of patients with information about practice organisation and doctors consulted, and using multilevel modelling at practice, doctor, and patient level. Setting Nine primary care trusts in England. Participants 4573 patients who consulted 150 different doctors in 27 practices. Main outcome measures Overall satisfaction; experience of wait for an appointment; reported access to care; satisfaction with communication skills. Results The experience based measure of wait for an appointment was more discriminating between practices (practice level accounted for 20.2% (95% confidence interval 9.1% to 31.3%) of variance) than was the overall satisfaction measure (practice level accounted for 4.6% (1.6% to 7.6%) of variance). Only 6.3% (3.8% to 8.9%) of the variance in the doctors’ communication skills measure was due to differences between doctors; 92.4% (88.5% to 96.4%) of the variance occurred at the level of the patient (including differences between patients’ perceptions and random variation). At least 79% of the variance on all measures occurred at the level of the patient, and patients’ age, sex, ethnicity, and housing and employment status explained some of this variation. However, adjustment for patients’ characteristics made very little difference to practices’ scores or the ranking of individual practices. Conclusions Analyses of surveys of patients should take account of the hierarchical nature of the data by using multilevel models. Measures related to patients’ experience discriminate more effectively between practices than do measures of general satisfaction. Surveys of patients’ satisfaction fail to distinguish effectively between individual doctors because most of the variation in doctors’ reported performance is due to differences between patients and random error rather than differences between doctors. Although patients’ reports of satisfaction and experience are systematically related to patients’ characteristics such as age and sex, the effect of adjusting practices’ scores for the characteristics of their patients is small.
BIOACTIVE PROTEINS, PEPTIDES, AND AMINO ACIDS FROM MACROALGAE 1

Macroalgae are a diverse group of marine organisms that have developed complex and unique metabolic pathways to ensure survival in highly competitive marine environments. As a result, these organisms have been targeted for mining of natural biologically active components. The exploration of marine organisms has revealed numerous bioactive compounds that are proteinaceous in nature. These include proteins, linear peptides, cyclic peptides and depsipeptides, peptide derivatives, amino acids, and amino acid–like components. Furthermore, some species of macroalgae have been shown to contain significant levels of protein. While some protein‐derived bioactive peptides have been characterized from macroalgae, macroalgal proteins currently still represent good candidate raw materials for biofunctional peptide mining. This review will provide an overview of the important bioactive amino‐acid‐containing compounds that have been identified in macroalgae. Moreover, the potential of macroalgal proteins as substrates for the generation of biofunctional peptides for utilization as functional foods to provide specific health benefits will be discussed.
Evaluation of energy metabolism in brain using epimerization of 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐d‐glucose by 19F NMR: The effect of anesthesia

The effect of anesthesia on the epimerization of 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐glucose(‐6‐phosphate) to 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐mannose(6‐phosphate) in mice was demonstrated with 19F NMR spectroscopy of excised tissue specimens from heart, muscle, and brain. Spectra from each of six excised organs confirmed that pretreatment with an anesthetic suppressed the conversion ratio, FDM/(FDG + FDM), in brain at 3 h from 52 ± 5 to 30 ± 6% under the dose of 100 mg/kg. We propose potential applications for NMR monitoring of FDG‐FDM conversion, including the assessment of regional brain metabolism and the evaluation of Various pharmacologic agents. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Reduced expression of PTEN correlates with breast cancer progression.

PTEN is a tumor-suppressor gene with phosphatase activity that is mutated in a variety of cancers. We analyzed a series of 34 invasive and 18 in situ breast cancers with known molecular status of the PTEN genotype using immunohistochemistry. Reduced PTEN protein expression was seen in 38% of invasive cancers and in 11% of in situ cancers. The frequency of reduced expression was highest in stage II and III cancers. Reduced expression also correlated with aneuploidy. In addition, in tumors with both in situ and invasive components, expression within the ductal carcinoma in situ portion tended to reflect the expression pattern of the invasive component. These data suggest that PTEN expression is frequently reduced in advanced breast cancers.
Subcutaneous compared with intravenous administration of amifostine in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy: final results of the GORTEC2000-02 phase III randomized trial.

PURPOSE To compare compliance with and efficacy of intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) amifostine for the treatment of patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, who were eligible for radiotherapy and who were not receiving concurrent chemotherapy, were randomly assigned to receive either IV amifostine (200 mg/m(2) daily for 3 minutes, 15 to 30 minutes before irradiation) or SC amifostine (500 mg; two sites; 20 to 60 minutes before irradiation). The primary end point was late xerostomia at 1 year as indicated by unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates, a patient benefit questionnaire score, and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) late toxicity grade. RESULTS Results for IV (n = 143) versus SC (n = 148) administration were as follows. There was no significant difference in compliance (69% for IV v 71% for SC) in patients receiving a full dose of amifostine. Reasons for dose reduction were acute toxicity (25% for IV v 27% for SC; P = .51) and logistics (18% for IV v 9% for SC administration; P = .09). Acute toxicity differed significantly in terms of grade 1 to 2 hypotension (19% for IV v 8% for SC; P = .01), grade 1 to 2 skin rash (9% for IV v 21% for SC; P = .01), and local pain (0% for IV v 8% for SC; P = .003). The incidence of grade 2 or greater xerostomia was significantly higher for patients who received amifostine via SC administration (37% for IV v 62% for SC; P = .005) in the 127 patients (n = 67, IV; n = 60, SC) evaluable at 1 year but not at 2 or 3 years (36% for IV v 51% for SC administration; P = .19; 32% for IV v 41% for SC; P = .63). A generalized linear mixed-model analysis of all data revealed no significant difference in patient self-assessment of salivary function (P = .25), unstimulated or stimulated salivary flow rates (P = .054 and .82, respectively), or grade 2 or greater xerostomia (P = .23). CONCLUSION SC amifostine administration was not significantly superior to IV amifostine administration in terms of patient compliance or efficacy.