Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Supplements: Amino Acids and their Derivatives

PROLOGUE This manuscript describes the contents of the topic "Nutritional Supplements: Amino Acid and their Derivatives," that is part of an elective course Biochemical Cofactors and Nutritional Supplements (PH 470), offered to third professional year (P5) PharmD students. The course consists of three 50-minute sessions per week for a total of 42 sessions and 90 nutritional supplements including the common water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Supplements for this topic and the course are chosen based on their popularity and availability on internet sites, in chain drug stores, and health-food retail outlets. The lectures are supplemented with e-mail submissions from assigned groups of students. Students are instructed to submit current information that fulfills the following criteria: (i) new developments about the basic biochemistry and pharmacology; (ii) claims not supported by adequate peerreviewed studies; (iii) adverse reactions with prescribed medications; and (iv) effects on major organs and tissues. The course also has an online component on WebCT. The instructor uses this website to post supplementary information and online quizzes. Students receive credit for completing four online quizzes during the semester.
Influence of Inter-Intra Row Spacing on Yield Losses of Tomato Cultivars

Field experiment was carried out at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center in 2012 and 2013 off-seasons using furrow irrigation with the objectives of evaluating the effect of four inter-row spacings (70, 80, 90, and 100 cm) and three intra-row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) on yield losses of tomato growing under open field production with fresh market (Bishola) and processing (Cochoro) type of determinate tomato cultivars. The treatments were arranged in 2x4x3 factorial in a split-split plot design in three eplications. Data on major yield loss agents such as, blossom end rot, decay, insect, disease, sunburn, crack, catface and others minor disorders were collected; as well as total yield, percent of marketable and unmarketable fruit yield parameters were analyzed. Results of the study showed that inter-intra row spacing and cultivar had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the incidence of blossom end rot, decay, sunburn, catface, crack, other minor disorders, insect and diseases attacked fruit yield. In most cases for blossom end rot, decay, disease and insect attack and other minor disorders were higher at narrower inter and intra-row spacing combination but it varies with cultivars. Whereas sunburn and cracked fruit were reasonably higher at wider inter-intra row spacing with cultivars. The highest total fruit yield of 100.45 and 92.55 t ha-1 were recorded for narrowest inter and intra-row spacing of 70 and 20 cm, respectively. owever, the highest percentage of marketable fruit yield was obtained at 90 cm (64.80%) inter row spacing and 40 cm (56.7%) intra row spacing which have no significant difference with 30 cm. This suggests that on average more than 40% of total yield obtained in this study was unmarketable. Therefore, it will be so necessary to undertake more research on genetic improvement of the cultivars with advanced management options including plant spacing can better transform the present tomato production practices of growers.
Assimilation of IASI partial tropospheric columns with an Ensemble Kalman Filter over Europe

Partial lower tropospheric ozone columns provided by the IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) instrument have been assimilated into a chemistry-transport model at continental scale (CHIMERE) using an Ensemble Square Root Kalman Filter (EnSRF). Analyses are made for the month of July 2007 over the European domain. Launched in 2006, aboard the MetOp-A satellite, IASI shows high sensitivity for ozone in the free troposphere and low sensitivity at the ground; therefore it is important to evaluate if assimilation of these observations can improve free tropospheric ozone, and possibly surface ozone. The analyses are validated against independent ozone observations from sondes, MOZAIC(1) aircraft and ground based stations (AIRBASE - the European Air quality dataBase) and compared with respect to the free run of CHIMERE. These comparisons show a decrease in error of 6 parts-per-billion (ppb) in the free troposphere over the Frankfurt area, and also a reduction of the root mean square error (respectively bias) at the surface of 19% (33%) for more than 90% of existing ground stations. This provides evidence of the potential of data assimilation of tropospheric IASI columns to better describe the tropospheric ozone distribution, including surface ozone, despite the lower sensitivity. The changes in concentration resulting from the observational constraints were quantified and several geophysical explanations for the findings of this study were drawn. The corrections were most pronounced over Italy and the Mediterranean region, we noted an average reduction of 8-9 ppb in the free troposphere with respect to the free run, and still a reduction of 5.5 ppb at ground, likely due to a longer residence time of air masses in this part associated to the general circulation pattern (i.e. dominant western circulation) and to persistent anticyclonic conditions over the Mediterranean basin. This is an important geophysical result, since the ozone burden is large over this area, with impact on the radiative balance and air quality.
An analysis of the Attitude Towards Cyberbullying and Cyber Victimization Among the University Students of Sri Lanka

Cyberbullying is a form of bullying that occurs through technological means, such as social networking, instant messaging and through mails. It can be constant, and at other times may occur in isolated incidents, but despite the timeline of progression, some scholars argue that the effects are almost always catastrophic (Kowalski, Limber, & Agatston, 2012). With the emergence of internet and sophisticated cyber technologies, real words bullies have been applied to cyberspaces by those who tend to be aggressive without being aware of the potential harm they cause to another person. This has become an intriguing area for academics and practitioners. The present study aims at explaining the attitude towards cyberbullying and cyber victimization among the university students in Sri Lank in terms of their personality factors. A short form of Eysenck personality Questionnaire, Rank scale for cyberbullying indexes were given for 113 university students. The frequency statistics and person correlation of coefficients were carried out in analyzing data. The most important findings of the study is that, the attitude towards cyberbullying and cyber victimization was related to psychoticism and extraversion dimensions of personality. Regarding the cyber victimization levels, it was found that most of the participants were subjected to cyber victimization at least in one occasion in their life. Results indicate that Female participants were more likely to be subjected to cyber victimization than the males. Further, it was found that anonymous calls, creating fake profiles or web pages are the most popular methods used by university students for cyberbullying.
Ground Water Potential Evaluation Based on Integrated GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques, in Bilate River Catchment: South Rift Valley of Ethiopia

A systematic evaluation of groundwater is essential for the proper utilization and management of this precious natural resource. Integrated GIS and remote sensing are efficient techniques in groundwater studies; in facilitate better data analysis and their interpretations of groundwater potential controlling parameters. In the present study, an attempt had been made to delineate and classify possible groundwater potential zones in the Bilate River catchment using integrated remote sensing and GIS techniques. The thematic layers considered in this study are lithology, geomorphology, drainage density, lineament density, rainfall, soil, slope and land use/ land cover were prepared using the Landsat ETM+ imagery and ArcGIS software. All the thematic layers were then assigned weights according to their relative importance in groundwater occurrence and the corresponding normalized weights were obtained based on the Saaty's analytical hierarchy process. These weights were applied in linear summation equation to obtain a unified weight map containing due weights of all input variables. The thematic layers were finally integrated using ArcGIS and IDRIS software to produce a groundwater potential zone map. Thus, four different groundwater potential zones were identified, namely 'high, 'moderate’,' low’ and 'poor'. The high potential zones correspond to alluvial plains, lacustrine sediments, the fracture valleys, and valley fills, which coincide with the low slope and high lineaments density areas . The eastern portion and valley escarpment of the study area fall under moderate groundwater potential zone. The low zones mainly comprise structural hills and an escarpment which contributes high run-off . On the other hand; Poor groundwater potential zones are present in the mountain peaks, plateaus and escarpments with steep cliff.The resulted groundwater potential zoning map validated based on existing water sources point data of the study area. Finally, it is concluded that the integrated GIS and remote sensing techniques are very efficient and useful for the identification of groundwater potential zones.
Effects of agricultural management systems on soil organic carbon in aggregates of Ustolls and Usterts

Soil erosion contributes to the removal and redistribution of soil organic C from cultivated fields. The soil organic C content of wind erodible and water unstable aggregates is an important factor in determining the amount of carbon loss occurring in erosion processes. The relative distribution of organic carbon among aggregate size fractions may also affect the response of soils to erosion. Soil organic C distribution is dependent on the chosen management system. The effects of no-till, till, and grassland management systems on organic C content of erodible and non-erodible aggregates were examined in six Ustolls and two Usterts of central South Dakota. Organic C contents were related to dryand wet-sieving to represent the potential influence of wind and water erosion on C loss in the absence of vegetative cover. Loss of aggregate stability in cultivated soils was associated with organic C loss. Most structural characteristics developed under tilled systems persisted after 6–16 years of notill. Changes in distribution of organic C due to management systems were most evident in Ustolls where cultivation resulted in net soil C losses. Soil organic C was not significantly increased by the no-tillage practices applied in this on-farm study (in Ustolls 49 Mg ha 1 in no-till versus 41 Mg ha 1 in till, for 0–0.20 m depth). Soil properties of Usterts were less affected by land use and management practices due to the high shrink swell action and self-mixing. In both soil orders the greater concentration of organic C in the wind erodible (<1 mm) dry aggregate size fraction implies a high potential for organic C loss by erosion in addition to organic C loss from mineralization after tillage. Grassland when compared to cultivated topsoil showed the largest amounts of organic carbon stored and the minimal potential for erosion loss of soil organic C. # 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Quantifying the uncertainties in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for UK wheat ethanol

Biofuels are increasingly promoted worldwide as a means for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport. However, current regulatory frameworks and most academic life cycle analyses adopt a deterministic approach in determining the GHG intensities of biofuels and thus ignore the inherent risk associated with biofuel production. This study aims to develop a transparent stochastic method for evaluating UK biofuels that determines both the magnitude and uncertainty of GHG intensity on the basis of current industry practices. Using wheat ethanol as a case study, we show that the GHG intensity could span a range of 40–110 gCO2e MJ−1 when land use change (LUC) emissions and various sources of uncertainty are taken into account, as compared with a regulatory default value of 44 gCO2e MJ−1. This suggests that the current deterministic regulatory framework underestimates wheat ethanol GHG intensity and thus may not be effective in evaluating transport fuels. Uncertainties in determining the GHG intensity of UK wheat ethanol include limitations of available data at a localized scale, and significant scientific uncertainty of parameters such as soil N2O and LUC emissions. Biofuel polices should be robust enough to incorporate the currently irreducible uncertainties and flexible enough to be readily revised when better science is available.
Can Investor Sentiment Be a Momentum Time-Series Predictor? Evidence from China

This paper challenges the prevailing view that investor sentiment is a contrarian predictor of market returns at nearly all horizons. As an important piece of "out-of-sample" evidence, we document that investor sentiment in China is a reliable momentum signal at monthly frequency. The strong momentum predictability is robust under both single- and multi-regressor settings, and is statistically and economically significant both in and out of sample, enhancing portfolio performance as shown by our numerical examples. More importantly, we find a striking term structure that local sentiment shifts from a short-term momentum predictor to a contrarian predictor in the long run. Cross-sectional analysis reveals that sentiment is more of a small-firm effect. Finally, we confirm that global sentiment spills over to the local Chinese market, as it predicts negatively future returns over the longer horizons and in the cross section.
Ad-Creativity, Internal Consumer Response, and Purchase Intention: An Evaluation upon Ardiles “Flash Mom” TV Ad

This research aim to analyse the effects Ad-creativity, Internal Consumer Response, and Purchase Intention as an evaluation upon Ardiles’ “Flash Mom” TV ad. The research used 100 housewives as the sample respondents. The respondents were chosen when they were taking their children to go to some primary schools in Surabaya. Each of them were shown the ardiles’ advertisement entitled “flash mom” twice and then they were asked to answer the questionare. The research variable Ad- Creativity as the independent variable consist of Divergence dimention which is measured by five indicators and Relevance dimention which is measured by three indicators. Internal Consumer Response as the mediation variable consist of cognitive and affective response dimentions, which each of them is measured by three indicators. Three indicators measure the Purchase Intention as the dependent variable. This research use Partial Least Square (PLS) as the quantitative analysis tool. The results prove that there are positive effect from Ad-Creativity to Internal Consumer Response, there are positive effect on Internal Consumer Response to Purchase Intention, and there are positive effect on Ad-Creativity to Purchase Intention.
1 , 3-bd-Glucan Antigenemia for Early Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections in Neutropenic Patients with Acute Leukemia

Laurence Senn, James Owen Robinson, Sabine Schmidt, Marlies Knaup, Nobuo Asahi, Shinji Satomura, Shuuji Matsuura, Bertrand Duvoisin, Jacques Bille, Thierry Calandra, and Oscar Marchetti Infectious Diseases Service, Institute of Microbiology, and Radiology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan
The impact of cored density profiles on the observable quantities of dwarf spheroidal galaxies

We modify the chemo-dynamical code gear to simulate the impact of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) on the observable quantities of 19 low-mass dwarf galaxies with a variety star-forming properties. We employ a relatively high, velocity independent cross-section of |$\sigma /m=10\, \rm {cm^2\,g^{ -1}}$| and extract, in addition to integrated quantities, the total mass density profile, the luminosity profile, the line-of-sight velocities, the chemical abundance, and the star formation history. We find that despite the creation of large cores at the centre of the dark matter haloes, the impact of SIDM on the observable quantities of quenched galaxies is indiscernible, dominated mostly by the stochastic build up of the stellar matter. As such we conclude that it is impossible to make global statements on the density profile of dwarf galaxies from single or small samples. Although based mostly on quenched galaxies, this finding supports other recent work putting into question the reliability of inferred cored density profiles that are derived from observed line-of-sight velocities.
State–society relations in contemporary Russia: new forms of political and social contention†

Much existing analysis of Russian state–society relations focuses on public, active forms of contention such as the “opposition” and protest movements. There is need for a more holistic perspective which adds study of a range of overt, “co-opted”, and hidden forms of interaction to this focus on public contention. A theoretical and empirical basis for understanding state–society relations in today's Russia involves broadening the concept of “contentious politics” to include models of “consentful” as well as “dissentful” contention. A diffused model of contentious politics can situate claim-making along the axes of consentful and dissentful motivations, and compliant and contentious behaviours.
MODELLING GAIT SYNDROME IN HUNTINGTONâ€™S DISEASE: THE GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH

Huntingtonâ€™s disease (HD) which usually affects the patients at middle age results from malfunctioning of the basal ganglia. It is characterized by cognitive impairment, involuntary movements, neuropsychiatric and psychological disturbances. Early motor signs of Huntingtonâ€™s disease typically include the gradual onset of clumsiness, balance difficulties, and brief, random, fidgeting movements. A popular approach to solving symptoms arising from HD has been through the administration of drugs. But drugs debase human activities, thus the application of electroconvulsive therapy. This work proposes a genetic algorithmic (GA) simulation of chorea in HD patient as a pedestal for the design of a therapeutic device aimed at managing the phenomenon. Earlier efforts have led us to the formulation of such models in recent past. We also compared the GA model with our foremost effort: the electromechanical model, and we observe that the GA model adequately capture the physiological presentation of gait phenomenon in Huntingtonâ€™s disease. Â http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v36i3. 37
Research challenges and conservation implications for urban cat management in New Zealand.

Over the past 20 years, conservation efforts in New Zealand have moved from being concentrated in rural and isolated island locations, where exotic mammalian predators are often controlled, to begin to bring native fauna back to major cities. However, human–wildlife conflicts arise when conservation occurs in close proximity to cities. These are particularly intense when companion animals are involved either as potential predators or prey of high-value conservation animals. Within New Zealand, this conflict is particularly fraught around domestic cats (Felis catus) in the urban environment. Cats in New Zealand are recognised as major introduced predators of native fauna, but they also prey on small introduced predatory mammals. This dynamic causes much conflict between people with different attitudes towards animals; however, as yet, few studies have explored the role(s), either negative or positive, of urban cats in New Zealand. Here, we review current knowledge on domestic cats in urban New Zealand, identify gaps in knowledge and make suggestions for future research, which includes further social science research, citizen science-based research programs, market research, investigation into cat-management legislation, and more in-depth studies of cat diseases and zoonoses. These data are vital for informing the public and improving the management of urban cat populations, including mitigating conservation impacts. Urban ecologists will need to be versatile in the way they design and conduct experiments, exploiting multiple disciplines to both ensure scientific robustness, but also community and government support for uptake of results into management and legislation.
A Case Study of Iranian Students Learning English Interrogative Structures

Researchers have examined the process of learning a second language in adults and children who learn English as a second language. The results of the tudies indicate that second language learners generally pass through similar transitional stages which demonstrate systematic and nonsystematic variations, developmental sequences, and accuracy order. However, most of these studies have investigated L2 learning process in a natural setting. Therefore, the present study examines the process of learning English by adults as a foreign language in an EFL setting and attempts to find out the probable similarities or differences in language learning process. Data were collected from 200 adult students learning English interrogative structure. The results of this study indicated significant similarities between the learning process of the adults learning English as a foreign language and the adults and children learning English as a second language. These findings suggest that a second language is learned through similar processes. Consequently, there should be a kind of universal internal syllabus in the learning of a second language which controls the learning process independent of the environment and age of language learning.
Contamination of informally marketed bovine milk with Staphylococcus aureus in urban and peri urban areas of Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2009 to March, 2010 to assess the level of contamination of informally marketed milk with Staphylococcus aureus at farms and milk collection centers in Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia. One hundred and seventy raw farm bulk milk samples, 25 mixed bulk milk samples and 20 pasteurized and packaged milk samples were collected from 14 milk collection centers and isolation and identification of S. aureus were carried out following standard method. S. aureus was isolated from 44% of farm bulk milk and 72% of milk collection centers’ bulk milk and it was not detected from pasteurized milk samples. Contamination rates of farm bulk milk with S. aureus were significantly different among the collection centers (χ = 31.8, df = 13, p = 0.003). The milk produced and collected in peri-urban areas was significantly more contaminated with S. aureus (64%) than milk produced and collected in urban areas (38%) (χ = 7.18, df = 1, p = 0.007). The frequency of isolation of S. aureus in milk collection centers bulk milk varied between 67 and 100% among collection centers. However, the contamination rates were not significantly different among these collection centers (χ = 1.5, df = 4, p = 0.83). The overall contamination rate at collection centers (72%) was significantly higher than that at the farm level (33%, χ =10.6, df = 1, p = 0.001). Overall, the study revealed that milk produced and collected in and around Debre-Zeit was found to be contaminated with S. aureus, raising the issue of quality control and improving the safety of milk to safeguard the consumer from associated health problems and enabling the producers to earn much more from milk sale.