Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fossil versus contemporary sources of fine elemental and organic carbonaceous particulate matter during the DAURE campaign in Northeast Spain

Abstract. We present results from the international field campaign DAURE (Determination of the sources of atmospheric Aerosols in Urban and Rural Environments in the Western Mediterranean), with the objective of apportioning the sources of fine carbonaceous aerosols. Submicron fine particulate matter (PM 1 ) samples were collected during February–March 2009 and July 2009 at an urban background site in Barcelona (BCN) and at a forested regional background site in Montseny (MSY). We present radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis for elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) and source apportionment for these data. We combine the results with those from component analysis of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements, and compare to levoglucosan-based estimates of biomass burning OC, source apportionment of filter data with inorganic composition + EC + OC, submicron bulk potassium (K) concentrations, and gaseous acetonitrile concentrations. At BCN, 87 % and 91 % of the EC on average, in winter and summer, respectively, had a fossil origin, whereas at MSY these fractions were 66 % and 79 %. The contribution of fossil sources to organic carbon (OC) at BCN was 40 % and 48 %, in winter and summer, respectively, and 31 % and 25 % at MSY. The combination of results obtained using the 14 C technique, AMS data, and the correlations between fossil OC and fossil EC imply that the fossil OC at Barcelona is ∼47 % primary whereas at MSY the fossil OC is mainly secondary (∼85 %). Day-to-day variation in total carbonaceous aerosol loading and the relative contributions of different sources predominantly depended on the meteorological transport conditions. The estimated biogenic secondary OC at MSY only increased by ∼40 % compared to the order-of-magnitude increase observed for biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between winter and summer, which highlights the uncertainties in the estimation of that component. Biomass burning contributions estimated using the 14 C technique ranged from similar to slightly higher than when estimated using other techniques, and the different estimations were highly or moderately correlated. Differences can be explained by the contribution of secondary organic matter (not included in the primary biomass burning source estimates), and/or by an overestimation of the biomass burning OC contribution by the 14 C technique if the estimated biomass burning EC/OC ratio used for the calculations is too high for this region. Acetonitrile concentrations correlate well with the biomass burning EC determined by 14 C. K is a noisy tracer for biomass burning.
Power, Trust, and Commitment in buyer-supplier relationships Satisfaction: MASTER THESIS WITHIN: General Management NUMBER OF CREDITS: 15 PROGRAMME OF STUDY: Engineering Management AUTHOR:

Background: Due to increased global competitiveness many firms have started focusing on their core business and outsource sub-processes. Hence, firms are becoming more dependent on the performance of other parties. As a result, supply chain relationships is recognized as a crucial factor to succeed. In regards to this, the understanding of power in supply chain relationship is still limited as argued by scholars. Indeed, researchers are just beginning to explore power relationships within supply chain which is a frequent concern in management practice. Given that, it is relevant to shed light on direct effects of the different kinds of power on important relationship outcomes such as trust and commitment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to contribute to the literature surrounding power relationships within supply chain as well as critical relationship elements. Under these circumstances, it seeks to provide answers to the following research questions: (1) “How do buyers build trust and commitment in a buyer-supplier relationship? ” (2) “How do different kinds of power influence trust and commitment in a buyer-supplier relationship? ” Method: A multiple-case study was conducted at two manufacturing companies i.e. Husqvarna Group and Beslag & Metall AB. The empirical findings were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, a cross-case analysis was carried out to compare and identify similar patterns in both cases. Lastly, these patterns were analysed in order to answer the research questions. Conclusion: The cross-case analysis revealed the important elements which are determinants in order to build trust and commitment in a buyersupplier relationship. These elements are collaboration, cooperation, reliability, flexibility, open communication, regular
Aqueous foam slip and shear regimes determined by rheometry and multiple light scattering

By using simultaneously rheometry and a multiple light scattering technique, diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS), we have studied the steady flows of three-dimensional aqueous foams. A number of parameters—the surfactants, the liquid volume fraction, and the roughness of the rheometer surfaces—are widely varied in order to determine which quantities have an impact on the macroscopic flow behaviors. By comparing to previous theoretical and experimental results, we show that flow regimes can either be slip or shear dominated. Two opposite slip regimes are identified; the transition from one to the other is obtained either by changing the surfactant or the liquid fraction, and we quantitately discuss which regime is selected for any given foam properties. Similarly, different shear regimes are also found, and we discuss the link between the macroscopic rheometry measurements, the nature of the flow, and the interfacial microscopic properties. Despite the occurrence of slip, we show how we can recover the actua.
The Effects of Physical Activity On Sleep Among Adolescents and Adults: A Narrative Review

Objective: Examining the correlation between physical activity measures and sleep in normal adolescents and adult population. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on the effects of exercise, its intensity, its frequency and its timing and sleep outcome. Using the databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus, keywords used were “sleep”, “circadian rhythm”, “exercise”, and “physical activity”. Results: To improve the general quality of sleep amongst adolescents and adults, individuals should engage in physical activity at any time of day. It also appears very advantageous to engage in long-term physical activity to maintain the positive effects on sleep. Nonetheless, it seems that sedentary individuals can also benefit from occasional physical activity to improve the quality of their subsequent sleep period. Conclusion: A virtuous relationship between physical activity and sleep may exist in normal adolescents and adults. People should seek to benefit from this link to improve both the quality of their sleep and of their daily functioning. However, larger scale studies, controlling for variables might help to better delineated this relationship. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-18-2065 Corresponding author: Sophie Desjardins, Department of Psychology, Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres, Canada. Email: sophie.desjardins@uqtr.ca
Zig-zag instability of an Ising wall in liquid crystals

We present a theoretical explanation for the interfacial zig-zag instability that appears in anisotropic systems. Such an instability has been experimentally highlighted for an Ising wall formed in a nematic liquid crystal cell under homeotropic anchoring conditions. From an envelope equation, relevant close to the Freedericksz transition, we have derived an asymptotic equation describing the interface dynamics in the vicinity of its bifurcation. The asymptotic limit used accounts for a strong difference between two of the elastic constants. The model is characterized by a conservative order parameter which satisfies a Cahn-Hilliard equation. It provides a good qualitative understanding of the experiments.
Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcus in Saudi Parturient Women in a Private Hospital

Objective: Maternal colonization with group B streptococcus (GBS), during pregnancy, in the private medical sector has not been studied thus far and the objective of this study was to gather relevant data in the private medical sector. Methods: A retrospective, crosssectional, review of GBS colonization among all patients who delivered at Kingdom Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January, 2007 and December, 2010 was performed. Data on colonization rate, complications, antibiotics coverage and neonatal outcome were collected. Results: During the four year interval 246 women out of 3253 had antenatal GBS colonization (7.6%). Antenatal urinary tract infection was present in 55 (22.4%) and prelabour rupture of membranes in 65 (26.4%) of total 246 colonized women. There were no cases of maternal endometritis, septicemia or neonatal early-onset GBS disease. Intrapartum prophylactic antibiotic coverage was provided to 191 of 237 (80.6%) colonized women. Conclusion: Our results support that GBS colonization in the private medical sector in Saudi Arabia is less than that reported from the public medical sector. Antenatal urinary tract infection and pre-labour rupture of membranes are common co morbidities. We suggest a prospective randomized trial comparing public and private medical sector patients for the GBS colonization rate, risk factors for colonization and complications, along with long term health effects of antibiotics use. It will aid us to implement new protocols for GBS positive women.
Peer Production: A Form of Collective Intelligence

Wikipedia has mobilized a collective of millions to produce an enormous, high quality, encyclopedia without traditional forms of hierarchical organization or financial incentives. More than any other twenty-first century collaborative endeavor, Wikipedia has attracted the attention of scholars in the social sciences and law both as an example of what collective intelligence makes possible and as an empirical puzzle. Conventional thinking suggests that effective and successful organizations succeed through hierarchical control and management, but Wikipedia seems to organize collectively without either. Legal and economic common sense dictates that compensation and contracts are necessary for individuals to share the valuable products of their work, yet Wikipedia elicits millions of contributions without payment or ownership. Intuition suggests that hobbyists, volunteers, and rag-tag groups will not
A Test Case Prioritization through Correlation of Requirement and Risk

Test case prioritization techniques have been focused on regression testing which is conducted on an already executed test suite. In fact, the test case prioritization for new testing is also required. In this paper, we propose a method to prioritize new test cases by calculating risk exposure value for requirements and analyzing risk items based on the calculation to evaluate relevant test cases and thereby determining the test case priority through the evaluated values. Moreover, we demonstrate effectiveness of our technique through empirical studies in terms of both APFD and fault severity.
An Evaluation of Copy Cover and Compare Spelling Intervention for an Elementary Student with Learning Disabilities: A Replication.

th The purpose of this study was to increase the spelling performance for a 4 grade student with learning disabilities. The second objective was to replicate the document with the efficacy of Copy, Cover, and Compare (CCC) in spelling. The study was conducted in a resource room in a low socio-economic school in the Pacific Northwest. The skill assessed was the number correct spelling words taken from a classroom constructed spelling worksheet. The results showed and increase in number scored correctly when CCC was in effect for each of five sets of spelling words. Using the Percent of Non-overlapping Data points, (PND), the authors also determined that CCC was a very effective intervention. These outcomes replicate other research dealing with CCC.
From Ni-YSZ to sulfur-tolerant anode materials for SOFCs: electrochemical behavior, in situ characterization, modeling, and future perspectives

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer great promise for the most efficient and cost-effective conversion to electricity of a wide variety of fuels such as hydrocarbons, coal gas, and gasified carbonaceous solids. However, the conventional Ni-YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) anode is highly susceptible to deactivation (poisoning) by contaminants commonly encountered in readily available fuels, especially sulfur-containing compounds. Thus, one of the critical challenges facing the realization of fuel-flexible and cost-effective SOFC systems is the development of sulfur-tolerant anode materials. This perspective article aims at providing a comprehensive review of materials that have been studied as anodes for SOFCs, the electrochemical behavior of various anode materials in H2S-contaminated fuels, experimental methods for ex situ and in situ characterizations of species and phases formed on anode surfaces upon exposure to H2S-containing fuels, mechanisms for the interactions between H2S and anode surfaces as predicted from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and possible strategies of minimizing or eliminating the effect of sulfur poisoning. While significant progress has been made in developing alternative anode materials with better sulfur tolerance, in probing and mapping electrode surface species relevant to sulfur poisoning, and in unraveling the mechanisms of H2S–anode interactions using both computational and experimental approaches, many challenges still remain to bridge the gaps between models at different scales or between theoretical predictions and experimental observations. An important new direction for future research is to develop a predictive multi-scale (from DFT to continuum) computational framework, through a rigorous validation at each scale by carefully-designed experiments performed under in situ conditions, for rational design of better sulfur-tolerant anode materials and structures for a new generation of SOFCs to be powered by readily available fuels.
Merger Review for Markets with Buyer Power

We analyze the competitive effects of mergers in markets with buyer power. Using mechanism design arguments, we show that without cost synergies, mergers harm buyers, regardless of buyer power. However, buyer power mitigates the harm to a buyer from a merger of symmetric suppliers. With buyer power, a merger increases incentives for entry, increases investment incentives for rivals, and can increase investment incentives for merging parties. Because buyer power reduces the profitability of a merger, it increases the profitability of perfect collusion relative to a merger. Cost synergies can eliminate merger harm but also render otherwise profitable mergers unprofitable.
The effect of β-mannanase and β-glucanase on small intestine morphology in male broilers fed diets containing various levels of metabolizable energy

The aim of this research was conducted to investigate the effect of interaction between dietary enzymes [β-mannanase enzyme (M) and β-glucanase enzyme (G)] and metabolizable energy (ME) on small intestine morphology in male broilers. In the present study, 160 male broilers were assigned and analyzed under a 23 factorial arrangement of treatments. The treatments were carried out for 21 days and chickens were subsequently slaughtered and samples of different parts of small intestine were collected for morphological assessment. Results showed that G, M and ME × G × M interaction had significant effect on duodenal villus length. Mannanase, ME × M interaction and ME × G interaction had significant effect on duodenal villus width. Mannanase and ME × G × M interaction had significant effect on duodenum crypts depth. Also, ME × G interaction had significant effect on jejunal villus length. ME level, M, ME × G interaction and ME × G × M interaction had significant effect on jejunal crypts depth. Also, G, M and ME × G interaction had significant effect on ileal villus length. ME × M interaction and ME × G × M interaction had significant effect on ileal villus width. ME level, M, ME × G interaction and ME × G × M interaction had significant effect on ileal crypts depth. In conclusion, it seems that feeding of enzyme-supplemented diet in different energy levels can alter some morphological characteristics of small intestine.
The Effect of Dynamic Capabilities and Military Experience on the Performance of Veteran Women-Owned Businesses

The Effect of Dynamic Capabilities and Military Experience on the Performance of Veteran Women-Owned Businesses By Sequoiya Latrice Lawson August 2018 Committee Chair: Pam Scholder Ellen Major Academic Unit: Executive Doctorate in Business Women constitute one of the fastest rising segments of military veteran business owners. While the number of veteran women-owned businesses (VWOBs) continues to increase, however, the success of their businesses remains a concern, as only fragmented and extremely limited literature exists to provide insight into the factors that affect these businesses’ performance. Using Dynamic Capability Theory, this research examined the effect of dynamic capabilities and military experience on the performance of VWOBs and the role, if any, of military experience on the relationship between dynamic capabilities and business performance. This study provides actionable knowledge for veteran women business owners, as they now have further insight as to how their military experience and dynamic capabilities can ultimately influence the competitive advantage of their firms. Practical insights are offered to public and private entities interested in the sustainment and growth of VWOBs. This study also presents an empirical contribution to the growing body of knowledge on veteran entrepreneurship, filling in literature gaps. As a theoretical contribution, the study presents dynamic capabilities, an organizational theory, as a useful framework with which to link practical real-world issues facing veteran business owners. Index Words: Veteran-owned small business; woman-owned business; dynamic capabilities; business performance; military experience; veteran entrepreneur
Awareness of Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer among Gynecology Nurses in a Large Teaching Hospital in the UK (Awareness of Ovarian Cancer among Gynecology Nurses)

Background: The overall mortality of ovarian cancer is high because of its late presentation, with over 80% of patients presenting with advanced disease largely due to the vague symptoms in its early stages. Ninety percent of those diagnosed with early stage ovarian cancer were symptomatic before diagnosis. It is therefore important that women are aware of the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer as early detection greatly improves the chances of successful treatment, and because nurses play an important helping role which is useful in public education and awareness, they should be aware of the red flags of ovarian cancer. Objectives: To evaluate how well informed Gynecology nurses are about the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out among 60 Gynecology nurses of the Royal Derby Hospital, UK between April and July 2014. Conclusion: Fifty-three percent of the respondents had good knowledge of the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer. Significantly more nurses working with inpatients (63%) had better knowledge than those working in the outpatient (40%), and only 20 of the 60 respondents had good knowledge of the risk factors for ovarian cancer. More knowledge of the red flags of ovarian cancer is needed among the Gynecology nurses and these can be done through various educational programs.
Data Analytics in Web-based Education in the Higher-education Classroom

Attention span of students in a classroom is very short. To overcome this, different active learning methodologies have been used in the past. Active learning keeps the students busy and engaged throughout the lecture. It breaks the lecture into certain time intervals by intermixing breaks, demonstrations and questions after each interval. For using active learning, clickers and laptops are commonly used in higher education classroom. Most experiments in higher education classroom studying different characteristics of students like learning performance and attention, use clickers and laptop. But, most of these experiments are in a controlled setting, not scalable and compromise the privacy of students. We overcome these problems in an active learning setup in the higher education classroom where we use a web-mediated teaching tool called ASQ. ASQ is a web application that helps to give presentation in a classroom where the presenter has control over the flow of the presentation. ASQ also allows the presenter to interleave the presentation with questions, videos and other interactive JavaScript components. Anyone can anonymously join a presentation in ASQ using a web browser. ASQ tracks the activity of every student interaction by generating event logs each second. In the previous work using ASQ, it has been shown that these logs could be used to infer the attention level of students in the classroom. The goal of this thesis is to gather insights about the fine-grained study behaviour of students in a higher education classroom by analyzing these event logs. We investigate (i) the effect of lecture elements (like the difficulty, relative positioning and spacing of questions; and duration of discussion in the slides) on study behaviour (like attention level, performance and reaction time while answering questions) of students; (ii) the relationship that might exist between attention percentage of students and their participation in the in-class questions; (iii) if students are taking external help when answering questions during the lecture and the relationship that might exist between their tendency to take external help with the difficulty of questions. We conduct our study in a classroom of around 300 students, for 15 lectures in the Web and Database Technology course at TU Delft taught by 2 instructors. We find significant effect of (i) spacing of questions on reaction time and instructor on performance; (ii) length of discussion time associated with a slide on the attention level of students which agrees with past studies; (iii) relative positioning of questions on the performance of students. However, we do not find significant effect of difficulty of questions on performance and reaction time of students while answering these questions. We also find significant effect that students with more attention percentage participate more in the in-class questions. Finally, we find that students take external help while answering questions but the tendency to take external help does not depend on the difficulty of questions.
Prospective Elementary School Teachers' Views about Socioscientific Issues: A Concurrent Parallel Design Study.

The purpose of this research is to examine the prospective elementary school teachers’ perceptions on socioscientific issues. The research was conducted on prospective elementary school teachers studying at a university located in western Turkey. The researcher first taught the subjects of global warming and nuclear power plants from a perspective of socioscientific issues in the science and technology education course and then conducted the research. Concurrent parallel design, one of the mixed-method research approaches, was used to conduct the research. In this context, semistructured interviews were conducted with eight teachers in the qualitative strand of the study to explore the phenomenon. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. During the quantitative strand of the research, 113 prospective teachers were administered a questionnaire form. The results of the study revealed that none of the participating prospective teachers mentioned about the religious and cultural characteristics of socioscientific issues, and they need training about how to use socioscientific issues in teaching.