Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awareness of family planning services among ASHA workers in a municipality of northern Kerala

Background: Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is one of the key components of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). The success of national health programs on family planning depends on how well ASHAs are trained and perform. Therefore it’s essential to assess the knowledge of ASHA workers. This study intends to assess the awareness of family planning services among ASHA workers in a municipality of northern Kerala.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among ASHA workers working in a municipality in Kannur District, during a study period of two weeks (July 1- July14, 2017). Data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software and the results were expressed in terms of means, frequencies and percentage.Results: Majority (42.1%) of the ASHAs belongs to the age group of 42- 45 years and none of them were below 30 years. The mean population catered by ASHA workers were 1250. All of them were experienced for at least 7 years.Conclusions: All ASHA workers had satisfactory knowledge about family planning services. Despite this some of the ASHA workers don’t have adequate knowledge about ECPs, Progesterone only pills and non-contraceptive uses of condom. Hence it is essential to ensure that they are getting proper training from qualified personnel at regular intervals.
Short‐term effects of three chest physiotherapy regimens in patients hospitalized for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: A cross‐over randomized study

The aim of our study was to compare the short‐term efficacy of three different chest physiotherapy (CPT) regimens (PD, postural drainage; PEP, positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy; HFCC, high‐frequency chest compression physiotherapy) on patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) hospitalized for an acute pulmonary exacerbation. Sixteen patients with CF, 8 males, 8 females, aged 15‐27 years (mean, 20.3±4), met the inclusion criteria: 1) age over 14 years; 2) mild or moderate airway obstruction; 3) sputum volume > 30 mliday; 4) being proficient in PD and PEP CPT. Patients at admission had (mean±SD) forced volume in 1 second (FEV,), 52.2±21.9 percent predicted; Shwachman‐Kulczycki clinical score 65.1±11 points; Chrispin‐Norman chest radiography score 18.6±4.3 points. The three CPT regimens and a control‐treatment (CONT) were administered in a random sequence, each patient receiving each treatment twice a day (in 50 minute sessions) for 2 consecutive days. During CONT and for 30 minutes after each session only spontaneous coughing was allowed. Wet and dry weight of sputum were recorded during the 50‐minute sessions and 30 minutes afterward. Lung function was measured before and 30 minutes after each session. For each treatment a score was given by the patient for efficacy, and by both the patient and the physiotherapist for tolerance.
Functional interaction of a novel cellular protein with the papillomavirus E2 transactivation domain

The transactivation domain (AD) of bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 stimulates gene expression and DNA replication. To identify cellular proteins that interact with this 215-amino-acid domain, we used a transactivation-defective mutant as bait in the yeast two-hybrid screen. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the cDNA of one plasmid isolated in this screen encodes a 37-kDa nuclear protein that specifically binds to an 82-amino-acid segment within the E2 AD. Mutants with point mutations within this E2 domain were isolated based on their inability to interact with AMF-1 and were found to be unable to stimulate transcription. These mutants also exhibited defects in viral DNA replication yet retained binding to the viral E1 replication initiator protein. Overexpression of AMF-1 stimulated transactivation by both wild-type E2 and a LexA fusion to the E2 AD, indicating that AMF-1 is a positive effector of the AD of E2. We conclude that interaction with AMF-1 is necessary for the transcriptional activation function of the E2 AD in mammalian cells.
Unconditionally Stable ADI–BOR–FDTD Algorithm for the Analysis of Rotationally Symmetric Geometries

In this letter, the alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) technique is applied to the body of revolution finite-difference time-domain (BOR-FDTD) method, resulting in an unconditionally stable ADI-BOR-FDTD. It inherits the advantages of both ADI-FDTD and BOR-FDTD methods, i.e., not only eliminating the restraint of the Courant-Friedrich-Lecy condition, with an efficient saving of CPU running time, but also leading to a significant memory reduction in the storage of the field components. To overcome the singularity, a special treatment is made along the vertical axis of the cylindrical coordinates. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
Laparoscopic splenectomy: size matters.

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery is arguably the treatment of choice for patients undergoing elective splenectomy; however, for those patients with massive splenomegaly, laparoscopic surgery may prove difficult. PATIENTS AND METHODS 6 years' experience of elective splenectomy was reviewed, in particular looking at the outcome of laparoscopic splenectomy in relation to the degree of splenomegaly. RESULTS The conversion rate for laparoscopic splenectomy on patients with spleens weighing less than 1 kg was 0% whereas the conversion rate for those with spleens weighing more than 1 kg was 60%. In addition, a good correlation between both operative time and intra-operative blood loss in relation to splenic weight was observed. Open splenectomy on patients with spleens weighing more than 1 kg reduced the operative time and intra-operative blood loss without affecting hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic splenectomy is the method of choice for elective splenectomy in patients with splenic weight estimated to be < 1 kg; however, the operation takes longer, there is a high risk of conversion and there is an increase in blood loss/morbidity associated with massive splenomegaly (spleen > 1 kg) if splenectomy is attempted laparoscopically.
Changes in Technical Preparedness of 13-14-Year-Old Handball Players under the Influence of Coordination Orientation Exercises

Purpose: to establish influence of exercises of coordination orientation on changes of indicators of technical preparedness of handball players of 13-14 years old. Material: two groups of young men of 13-14 years old of Kharkiv and Ternivka of the Dnipropetrovsk Region participated in the research. The following methods were used: the analysis of scientific and methodical literature allowed to establish condition of studying of the problem and to define the purpose and the task of the research; the pedagogical testing was held for the purpose of establishment of the level of development of technical preparedness of handball players and indicators of coordination abilities; the pedagogical experiment was under construction with the participation of two groups: control – training process of which answered contents of the program of handball sports school, and experimental – keeping of whom was added with the program of preparation with application of exercises of coordination orientation. The program of training of handball players of experimental group included acrobatic exercises and hopping exercises with use of coordination ladder that were combined when performing with techniques of playing handball. Exercises were directed to the maintenance of balance on one and two legs, irritation of vestibular mechanism and were combined with performance of techniques of handball at first on the spot, in the movement subsequently. Complexity and intensity of performance of exercises changed depending on extent of mastering by them. The pedagogical experiment lasted 6 months then changes of level of technical preparedness of handball players of two groups were analyzed. Results: it is established that results of performance of separate test exercises, which defined technical preparedness, have interrelation of different extent of manifestation (from low to close) with coordination abilities of young sportsmen. The reliable improvement of technical preparedness of sportsmen of the experimental group turned out to be the consequence of the pedagogical experiment. So, dribble around stand at distance of 30 m with overcoming horizontal obstacle decreased (р≤0,05) and number of passes for 20 s in wall from distance of 5 m from it increased (р≤0,01). Conclusions: 1. The analysis references specifies on the high role of physical fitness and technical skill of sportsmen in formation of sports result. 2. The average positive interrelation (r = 0,57) is established between technical preparedness of handball players and their coordination abilities. 3. The inclusion of complex-coordination exercises in educational-training process of handball players increased the level of technical preparedness of sportsmen of 13-14 years old of experimental group.
Womenâ€™s Land Title Ownership and Empowerment: Evidence from India

This paper examines how womenâ€™s participation in family decision-making is affected by land rights in rural areas in India. The 2005 Hindu Succession Act was legislated to protect womenâ€™s rights to an equal share in ancestral property, including land. Using a unique rural household survey from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, and West Bengal where female enumerators were employed to interview female participants, we find that only 3% of the 8,000 rural households randomly selected in those four states have their land registered under womenâ€™s names. Controlling for the potential endogeneity of land title ownership, it finds that womenâ€™s land title ownership has positive effects on their participation in decisions about farming, livelihood, and household activities. Using state leveldisaggregated data, however, we find that the signs and magnitudes of the impacts differ across the four states whose social and economic norms are diverse.
All That Glitters Is Not Gold

A service provider’s conspicuous consumption can undermine customer attitudes and behavioral intentions toward the provider—a so-called penalty effect of conspicuous consumption. Four studies investigate customer and contextual factors that moderate this penalty effect. The results show that customers low in materialism penalize service providers who consume conspicuously (e.g., decreased patronage intentions). In addition, as another facet of the penalty effect, a service provider’s conspicuous consumption undermines customer cost-benefit assessments (decreased perceived value and price fairness), which function as mediating variables. However, service providers can use “service warmth” as a protective strategy to attenuate the penalty effect. Notably, materialistic customers do not react more favorably to service providers who engage in conspicuous consumption (in contrast with their established tendency to favor conspicuous goods). Taken together, the results provide a deeper and theoretically nuanced understanding of when and how customers respond negatively to conspicuous service providers, with meaningful implications for the management of services. For example, when service firms design their aesthetic labor strategy, they should consider their customers’ levels of materialism accordingly. In addition, service firms need to educate their frontline employees about the potential downsides of displaying conspicuous consumption cues.
The Predictive Value of Trans-Vaginal Ultrasound Measurements Compared with Bishop Score in Determining Successful Induction of Labor

Objectives: Determining the necessity of cesarean section (C/S) due to failure of induction of labor (IOL) is essential to avoid fetus distress. In this study, the performance of the Bishop score and trans-vaginal ultrasound measurements were compared to predict successful IOL, and the most useful cut-o points were estimated. Methods: Nulliparous women with gestation age of > 37 weeks with a live fetus in cephalic presentation were invited to participate in this study. Bishop score was assessed by digital examination, and trans-vaginal ultrasound was used to measure cervical length. Trans-abdominal ultrasound was utilized to determine the fetal head position. Results: One hundred women entered the study. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the Bishop score and cervical length had a reliable predictive value in determining successful IOL. The cut-o points for predicting successful induction were 16 mm for cervical length and 5 for the Bishop score, using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). Both cervical length and Bishop score were good predictors for vaginal delivery (sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 67%, respectively for cervical length; and 84% and 70%, respectively for Bishop score). Conclusions: Cervical length is a good predictor of successful IOL. Considering the painful process of digital exam, implementing trans-vaginal ultrasound is preferred.
Furine Pathway Enzyme Abnormalities in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia1

The status of three purine pathway enzymes, adenosine deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, was evaluated in the leukemic cells of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and correlated with routine immunological cell surface markers. A distinct pattern of enzyme activity was noted in T-lymphoblasts which have significantly higher adenosine deaminase activity (p < 0.02) and lower 5'nucleotidase ( p < 0.001 ) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (p < 0.01) activities than do non-T, non-B lymphoblasts. This enzyme pattern is similar to that observed in normal human thymocytes but is not shared by the mature, normal T-lymphocytes of peripheral blood, suggesting that it may reflect the differentiation status of malignant T-lymphoblasts. These find ings, which confirm the biochemical heterogeneity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, may provide an avenue for selective chemotherapy of this disease.
Managing organizational memory with intergenerational knowledge transfer

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide the systematic analysis of an innovative, intergenerational knowledge transfer strategy in a knowledge‐intensive organization.Design/methodology/approach – The case study method was adopted to study the intergenerational knowledge transfer activities. A triangulated approach was employed in respect of the data collection, which included non‐participatory observation, focus groups, documentary analysis, and semi‐structured interviews. A pattern analysis of data account was undertaken.Findings – Two models for intergenerational knowledge transfer are presented: the source‐recipient model and the model of mutual exchange. This research also shows how a context conducive to knowledge transfer was developed, and concludes that this context allowed both explicit and tacit knowledge to be transferred.Research limitations/implications – Often ignored or underestimated this study highlights the need for motivation, inspiration, and empowerment in knowledge transfer.
Effect of Cash Holding Policy of Financially Constrained Firms on Their Market Performance

Our study is based on the methodology suggested by Faulkender and Wang (2006) in the Indian context, to discuss the various aspects of cash holding policy with respect to financially constrained (FC) and unconstrained firms. Primary goal of the study is to understand shareholders’ perception on the level of cash holdings in constrained and unconstrained firms, and how much value they give to excess cash holdings with respect to cash level and capital structure of a firm. This study also analyzes the shareholders’ perception, which is measured by stock return, and market value of asset, by determining the variation, in excess return and Tobin’s Q over the last 10 years. The result shows less or no effect of excess cash holding either in average firms or in constrained firms. Findings also suggests that shareholders, prefer large firms to maintain excess cash for investment, or to fulfil their liabilities on time. Overall the findings determine the importance of cash level but also indicate the presence of other determinants of the firms, to enhance market return and build shareholders perception.
Gender differences in outcome after an acute myocardial infarction in Singapore.

OBJECTIVES To characterise gender and age-related differences in presentation and outcome after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN Data were derived retrospectively from the Singapore Myocardial Infarction Registry from 1988 through 1997. This database comprised all AMI cases for ages between 20 and 64 years (group A). For approximately three months a year, data were also collected for all AMI cases above the age of 64 years (group B). There were 13,048 and 4,425 cases in groups A and B respectively. RESULTS In age - standardised AMI rates, males outnumbered females by a factor of 4.0 and 1.7 for groups A and B respectively.The median age of presentation was higher in females for both age groups being 58 years versus 54 years for group A and 75 years versus 72 years for group B. Younger females had worse survival at 28 days and were more likely to have prior ischaemic heart disease and require resuscitation. They were also more likely to have atypical symptoms. Previous myocardial infarction was not different between the sexes in both groups. Among the older age group, there was no gender difference in prior ischaemic heart disease, 28-day survival and requirement for resuscitation. CONCLUSION Women who have AMI tend to be older than men. Gender differences are age-specific. Women who are 64 years and below have more atypical symptoms, prior ischaemic heart disease and worse prognosis than men after AMI. These differences are not seen in those over the age of 64.
Modeling and Dynamic Characteristic Simulation of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

In order to investigate the output characteristic of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on the electrical empirical model, a novel dynamic model of the PEMFC has been developed with MATLAB/Simulink, which is distinct from the models that have been published previously. By using a fuel cell test system of the Fuel Cell Application Centre (FAC) at Temasek Polytechnic, the transient electrical responses of PEMFC were conducted and analyzed under various operating conditions. A good match is found between simulation results and experimental data. The comprehensive results of simulation manifested that the model is effective and operational. This model will be very useful to optimize the structure design, improve the operation performance, and develop the real-time control system of PEMFC.
Anthropomorphism and Illusion of Virtual Body Ownership

In this paper we present a novel experiment to explore the impact of avatar realism on the illusion of virtual body ownership (IVBO) in immersive virtual environments, with full-body avatar embodiment and freedom of movement. We evaluated four distinct avatars presenting an increasing level of anthropomorphism in their detailed compositions. Our results revealed that each avatar elicited a relatively high level of illusion. However both machine-like and cartoon-like avatars elicited an equivalent IVBO, slightly superior to the human-ones. A realistic human appearance is therefore not a critical top-down factor of IVBO, and could lead to an Uncanny Valley effect.
A toxicokinetic study of inhaled ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-ME) and validation of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the pregnant rat and human.

Exposures to sufficiently high doses of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-methoxyethanol, 2-ME) have been found to produce developmental effects in rodents and nonhuman primates. The acetic acid metabolite of 2-ME, 2-methoxyacetic acid (2-MAA), is the likely toxicant, and, as such, an understanding of the kinetics of 2-MAA is important when assessing the potential risks to humans associated with 2-ME. A previously described physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of 2-ME/2-MAA kinetics for rats exposed via oral or iv administration was extended and validated to inhalation exposures. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 5 days (gestation days 11-15), 6 h/day, to 2-ME vapor at 10 and 50 ppm. Validation consisted of comparing model output to maternal blood and fetal 2-ME and 2-MAA concentrations during and following 5 days of exposure (gestation days 11-15). These concentrations correspond to a known no observed effect level (NOEL) and a lowest observed effect level (LOEL) for developmental effects in rats. The rat PBPK model for 2-ME/2-MAA was scaled to humans and the model (without the pregnancy component) was used to predict data collected by other investigators on the kinetics of 2-MAA excretion in urine following exposures to 2-ME in human volunteers. The partially validated human model (with the pregnancy component) was used to predict equivalent human exposure concentrations based on 2-MAA dose measures (maximum blood concentration, C(max), and average daily area under the 2-MAA blood concentration curve, AUC, during pregnancy) that correspond to the concentrations measured at the rat NOEL and LOEL exposure concentrations. Using traditional PBPK scale-up techniques, it was calculated that pregnant women exposed for 8 h/day, 5 days/week, for the duration of pregnancy would need to be exposed to 12 or 60 ppm 2-ME to produce maternal 2-MAA blood concentrations (C(max) or average daily AUC) equivalent to those in rats exposed to the NOEL (10 ppm) or LOEL (50 ppm), respectively.
Warming, CO2, and nitrogen deposition interactively affect a plant-pollinator mutualism.

Environmental changes threaten plant-pollinator mutualisms and their critical ecosystem service. Drivers such as land use, invasions and climate change can affect pollinator diversity or species encounter rates. However, nitrogen deposition, climate warming and CO(2) enrichment could interact to disrupt this crucial mutualism by altering plant chemistry in ways that alter floral attractiveness or even nutritional rewards for pollinators. Using a pumpkin model system, we show that these drivers non-additively affect flower morphology, phenology, flower sex ratios and nectar chemistry (sugar and amino acids), thereby altering the attractiveness of nectar to bumble bee pollinators and reducing worker longevity. Alarmingly, bees were attracted to, and consumed more, nectar from a treatment that reduced their survival by 22%. Thus, three of the five major drivers of global environmental change have previously unknown interactive effects on plant-pollinator mutualisms that could not be predicted from studies of individual drivers in isolation.
Financial Misreporting: Hiding in the Shadows or in Plain Sight?

This paper examines how the ex ante level of public scrutiny influences a manager’s subsequent decision to misreport. The conventional wisdom is that high levels of public scrutiny facilitate monitoring and increase the cost of misreporting, suggesting a negative relation between scrutiny and misreporting. However, public scrutiny also increases the weight that investors place on earnings in valuing the firm. This in turn increases the benefit of misreporting, suggesting a positive relation. We formalize these two countervailing forces––“monitoring” and “valuation”––in the context of a parsimonious model of misreporting. We show that the combination of these two forces leads to a unimodal relation. Specifically, as the level of public scrutiny increases, misreporting first increases, reaches an inflection point, and then decreases. We find evidence of such a relation in multiple empirical measures of misreporting and multiple measures of public scrutiny.