Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis

Background: Severe acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys that usually have an ascending route and occur in presumably healthy urinary tract. The most common pathogen involved is E. coli. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has issued an updated guideline in 2010 suggesting IV quinolones to be considered in the initial empiric antimicrobial therapy giving known resistance of less than 10%. However, E. coli resistance to quinolones has been increasing, the recent data of E. coli, causing pyelonephritis, resistance is not known in the Midwest. Local hospital antibiogram for two years showed up to 22% resistance to ciprofloxacin among E. coli isolates. Methods: We conduct a retrospective non-concurrent cohort study in one teaching hospital in the Midwest, females who were admitted with severe acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in a three years period were included. Patients with urinary tract obstruction, pregnancy, immuno-suppression, males, and indwelling Foley’s catheters were excluded. Data collected include causative pathogens and resistance to antibiotics were collected. Percentages, frequencies, and measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated to describe the study sample Results: 73 patients were included in the final analysis. E. coli was the most common isolated pathogen (81%), followed by other enteric gram negative. E. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin was 13.5%, 37% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 5% to ceftriaxone. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin should be avoided initially in treating severe acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis until culture results and sensitivity is available.
Histological study of the liver of the lizard Tropidurus torquatusWied 1820, (Squamata: Tropiduridae)(AU)

The objective of this study was to characterize macroscopically and microscopically the liver of the collared lizard Tropidurus torquatus, using two adult females and two adult males, captured on the banks of Marambaia Isle in Sepetiba Bay in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Fragments of liver were fixed in Bouin's liquid and submitted to routine histological techniques. Sections were cut by a rotary microtome to 5 mm thickness and stained by with HE, PAS, Gomori Trichrome and Gomori's reticulin impregnation. The liver this lizard is a large, speckled dark brown organ composed of a right and left lobe. The gallbladder is located on the visceral surface of the right lobe. The lobules are polyhedral in shape and separated by a thin layer of interlobular connective tissue, forming trabeculae. These contain bile ducts, branches of portal vein and of hepatic artery. The hepatocytes are also polyhedric and have varied sizes. The majority of these cells have nuclei offset toward the periphery, and the cytoplasm is highly vacuolated and was not well evidenced by the histological techniques utilized. The hepatic parenchyma is supported by delicate reticular fibers surrounding hepatocytes and sinusoids. Large quantities of melano-macrophage centers are present in the parenchyma.
Experimental Paper. In vitro synthesis of mucilage in Plantago ovata Forsk affected by genotypes and culture media

Summary Introduction: Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk) is medicinally used mainly for its mucilage content. Objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to improve mucilage yield under in vitro callus culture using different genotypes, explants and culture media. Methods: The effects of a range of concentrations of plant growth regulators including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (Kin) were evaluated on mucilage synthesis under in vitro culture using cotyledon, hypocotyl and seed explants. Fourteen genotypes originating from different geographical regions of Iran were used to evaluate their response to in vitro mucilage synthesis. Results: The highest rate of callus induction (76%) and callus growth rate CGR (0.38 mm/day) were induced on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l Kin and the hypocotyl explant. The results of analysis of variance showed significant genotypic differences for callus induction, CGR and mucilage content of callus and seeds. The mucilage content ranged from 0.38 to 0.08 (g/g DW) and 0.13 to 0.042 (g/g DW) for callus and seed, respectively. The superior callus induction (73%), CGR (0.45 mm/day) and mucilage content of callus (0.38 g/g DW) was denoted to Po1 genotype. The callus produced nearly three times more mucilage than the seeds using superior genotype (Po1). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that high efficiency of callus culture of P. ovata using hypocotyl explant accompanied by the exploration of genetic diversity are important to improve the yield of mucilage synthesis by in vitro callus culture.
Characterization of Active Compounds of Different Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cultivars

Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has a reputation as a therapeutic agent for many different diseases such as microbial infections, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Health benefits of garlic depend on its content of biologically-active compounds, which differs between cultivars and geographical regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the biological activity of aqueous extracts from nine garlic varieties from different countries (Poland, Spain, China, Portugal, Burma, Thailand and Uzbekistan). Antioxidant properties were evaluated through free radical scavenging (DPPH•, ABTS•+) and ion chelation (Fe2+, Cu2+) activities. The cytotoxicity of garlic extracts was evaluated in vitro using Neutral Red Uptake assay in normal human skin fibroblasts. The obtained results revealed that garlic extracts contained the highest amount of syringic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids derivatives. The lowest IC50 values for DPPH•, ABTS•+ scavenging and Cu2+ chelating ability were determined in Chinese garlic extracts (4.63, 0.43 and 14.90 μg/mL, respectively). Extracts from Spanish cultivar Morado and Chinese garlic were highly cytotoxic to human skin fibroblasts as they reduced cellular proliferation by 70–90%. We showed diverse contents of proteins and phenolic components in garlic bulbs from different varieties. The obtained results could help to choose the cultivars of garlic which contain significant amounts of active compounds, have important antioxidant properties and display low antiproliferative effect and/or low cytotoxicity against normal human skin fibroblast BJ.
Development of Decision Support System for Ordering Goods using Fuzzy Tsukamoto

The determination of a number of items in the right number is very essential for a company, but in actual practice, it is not trivial task. There are many factors that influence them such as inventory and sales levels. If a number of the ordering goods is too slight or too much, it will effect in the fulfillment of consumer demand. One of the ways that can be used to predict a number of ordering goods is a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) using Tsukamoto fuzzy logic method. Three variables that are used in this study, namely sales, inventory, and ordering or purchasing. The sales input variables are divided into 3 categories, namely down, constant, and rise. Then, inventory input variebles are divided into 3 categories, namely a slight, moderate and many, likewise ordering input variables also consists in 3 categories, namely less, constant, and increase. The next step is the combination of rules from all events, then performing inference and defuzzifikasi to find average centered. To prove the applied method against manual calculations are then implemented in the developed system. The results of the system calculation do not much different with the calculation results that are done by manually. This is proven by information in the table of Mean Squared Error (MSE) with error results of under 1. So, without prejudice to accuracy in the calculation, the system can be used to save time in determining the amount of the ordering goods. The proposed method can help for research object, in this case is retail company to determine a number of ordering goods.
Efficient photoinduced charge transfer in TiO2 nanorod/conjugated polymer hybrid materials

The mechanisms of photoinduced charge transfer in composites of TiO2 nanorods with a conjugated polymer (poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl)(hexyloxy) 1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) have been investigated by steady-state, time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. Efficient charge separation takes place at the TiO2-nanorod/polymer interfaces when the polymer is excited, leading to quenching of the photoluminescence efficiency η and shortening of the measured lifetime τPL. In addition, the low-temperature absorption and photoluminescence spectra show that the inclusion of TiO2 nanorods in polymer can reduce disorder in conformation and enhance conjugation in the polymer chain. A photovoltaic solar cell device based on the MEH-PPV/TiO2-nanorod composite material is also presented, which shows a two order increase in short-circuit current JSC compared to that based on the pristine MEH-PPV.
Perioperative Statin Use and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Partial Nephrectomy

Background: Statin use is widespread among the general population. Data suggest a potentially beneficial effect of statin therapy on renal function following surgery. The impact of statins on post-partial nephrectomy (PN) renal function is unknown. We hypothesized that perioperative statin use may be associated with reduced rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing PN. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of perioperative statin use on AKI rates in patients undergoing PN. Materials & Methods: 1,056 patients undergoing PN were identified from a prospectively-maintained institutional renal mass database. Exclusion criteria included lack of preoperative serum creatinine (Cr), concurrent surgeries, and those with baseline Cr <0.4. The binary outcome was AKI, defined using modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Chi-Square and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to evaluate the strength of associations. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine predictors of AKI. Results: Statin use was reported by n = 346 (32.8%) patients at the time of surgery. Univariate analysis demonstrated that statin use was associated with an increased risk of AKI following PN (OR 1.38, CI 1.01–1.88, p = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, statin use was no longer associated with AKI following PN (OR 1.09, CI 0.76–1.56, p = 0.65). Gender, BMI, comorbidity index, hypertension, surgical approach, ischemia temperature/time, and nephrometry “R” score were all independently associated with AKI. Conclusions: Perioperative statin use at the time of PN was not associated with rates of post-operative AKI. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate the effects of statins on functional outcomes following PN.
Decoding EEG Brain Signals using Recurrent Neural Networks

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on electroencephalography (EEG) enable direct communication between humans and computers by analyzing brain activity. Specifically, modern BCIs are capable of translating imagined movements into reallife control signals, e.g., to actuate a robotic arm or prosthesis. This type of BCI is already used in rehabilitation robotics and provides an alternative communication channel for patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or severe spinal cord injury. Current state-of-the-art methods are based on traditional machine learning, which involves the identification of discriminative features. This is a challenging task due to the non-linear, non-stationary and time-varying characteristics of EEG signals, which led to stagnating progress in classification performance. Deep learning alleviates the efforts for manual feature engineering through end-to-end decoding, which potentially presents a promising solution for EEG signal classification. This thesis investigates how deep learning models such as long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) perform on the task of decoding motor imagery movements from EEG signals. For this task, both a LSTM and a CNN model are developed using the latest advances in deep learning, such as batch normalization, dropout and cropped training strategies for data augmentation. Evaluation is performed on a novel EEG dataset consisting of 20 healthy subjects. The LSTM model reaches the state-of-the-art performance of support vector machines with a cross-validated accuracy of 66.20%. The CNN model that employs a time-frequency transformation in its first layer outperforms the LSTM model and reaches a mean accuracy of 84.23%. This shows that deep learning approaches deliver competitive performance without the need for hand-crafted features, enabling end-to-end classification.
Who gets hooked on Facebook? An exploratory typology of problematic Facebook users

Scholars have suggested that there are multiple pathways to problematic Facebook use, and each are linked to the types of activities that users engage in. However, these concepts have yet to be empirically explored. The present paper addresses this gap in the literature by presenting a pilot study based on a sample of 59 (50 females, 9 males) problematic Facebook users. Closed and open-ended data were collected using an online survey. Cluster analysis was then used to identify three types of problematic Facebook users: those with high engagement in social activities and browsing, those with low engagement in social activities but high engagement in browsing, and those with low engagement in both social activities and browsing, but moderate engagement in gaming. This paper presents an in depth discussion of the patterns of behavior identified within these clusters. In addition, four potential pathways to problematic Facebook use are proposed: online social enhancement, social monitoring, procrastination, and entertainment. This study contributes to the development of a much-needed theoretical framework of problematic Facebook use, and provides direction for future research.
Analysis of inhalant allergen sensitivity by age groups in patients from Istanbul

Introduction: In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of allergic sensitivity to the common inhalant allergens in different age groups. We also aimed to determine the factors that may be associated with sensitization in adults from the European region of Istanbul. Materials and Method: Using SPSS statistical analysis software, we retrospectively evaluated Skin Prick Test (SPT) data from 2587 patients with symptoms similar to Allergic Rhinitis (AR). Results: Analysis of data revealed that that the frequency of sensitization to the common inhalant allergens significantly decreased by age. Animal dander was found to be the most common cause of allergic reactions among adult patients (p<0.05). When compared to the birth in other months, the frequency of sensitization to animal dander was significantly higher among individuals born in January (p<0.05). Gender-based analysis of the results revealed that the prevalence of sensitization to animal dander was significantly higher among females<45 y of age (p<0.05). The prevalence of sensitization to the inhalant allergens was found to be the lowest among elderly patients (42.9%; p<0.000). Conclusion: Personalized assessment of allergic conditions is important for planning a suitable treatment protocol for allergic diseases in the elderly. Our findings may contribute to design effective care plans and improve the environmental conditions for adult patients with symptoms similar to AR.
A TEMPORAL INVESTIGATION OF WITHIN-PERSON CHANGES IN OPTIMISM AND STRESS AS PREDICTORS FOR CHANGES IN WELL-BEING

Meta-analytic studies have established dispositional optimism as a personality trait with clear positive effects on psychological and physical well-being (Rasmussen, Scheier, & Greenhouse, 2009; Solberg Ness & Segerstrom, 2006). Optimism may be most important when experiencing stress, since optimists use more adaptive coping strategies and have more resources available compared to pessimists (Segerstrom, 2007; Solberg Ness & Segerstrom, 2006). Traditionally, studies have assumed optimism to be a stable trait, however recent studies have found optimism to be unstable in certain circumstances (e.g., Segerstrom, 2007). Although instability in optimism has been identified, research examining changes in optimism and well-being have been correlational and unable to identify causal associations. Additionally, these studies have not considered stress as a potential third variable to account for the associations between changes in optimism, and changes in well-being and health. The present study accounted for these limitations by replicating past findings, accounted for stress as a third variable, and also investigated the possibility that changes in optimism and stress may interact to influence changes in well-being and health. This was done by temporally investigating changes in optimism and stress at one point in time to predict changes in well-being and health at a later point in time. Additionally, this study investigated the extent to which the interaction between changes in optimism and stress at one point in time may influence the interaction between changes in optimism and stress on well-being and health at a later point in time. Results were able to show that changes in optimism did predict changes in well-being and heath after controlling for stress, but changes in optimism at one point in time did not predict changes in well-being or health at a later point in time after controlling for stress.
Catalytic upgrading of α-angelica lactone to levulinic acid esters under mild conditions over heterogeneous catalysts

Butyl levulinate was prepared starting from α-angelica lactone and butanol over Amberlyst® 36. Different reaction conditions were optimized, which resulted in full conversion and 94% selectivity toward the ester at 75 °C. A reaction network analysis reveals pseudo-butyl levulinate and levulinic acid as intermediates in the preparation of butyl levulinate. The mild protocol was successfully applied for different alcohols and compared with the esterification of levulinic acid. Overall, this study identifies α-angelica lactone as a better candidate than levulinic acid for the heterogeneously catalysed preparation of levulinic acid esters. A catalyst screening shows that also zeolites and zirconia-based catalysts are able to catalyse the reaction. However, the transformation of the intermediate pseudo-butyl levulinate into butyl levulinate requires acid sites of sufficient strength to proceed.
Kainic Acid-Induced Eye Enlargement in Chickens: Differential Effects on Anterior and Posterior Segments

Intravitreal injections of kainic acid were used to examine the significance of normal retinal activity for eye growth in chickens, this acid being chosen because of its known, selective neurotoxic effects on cells in the chicken retina. A 6 nmole dose of kainic significantly reduces amacrine cell numbers when used in very young chickens, while higher doses of kainic acid also affect bipolar and horizontal cell numbers. The effects of intravitreal injection of kainic acid on eye growth were assessed 4 weeks after treatment. A 200 nmole dose of kainic acid, used with day-old and 14-day-old chickens, had opposing effects on the anterior and posterior segments of the eye; while growth of the anterior segment was inhibited, the posterior segment was enlarged, predominantly in the equatorial direction. A 20 nmole dose of this acid similarly affected growth in 14-day-old chickens, but in day-old chickens, the anterior segment was also enlarged and the overall eye enlargement had an axial bias. Myopia was the most common refractive error associated with both patterns of development. A 2 nmole dose of kainic acid was without effect on eye growth. Parallels are drawn between these eye enlargement phenomena and those described in chickens whose visual environments have been manipulated. Our results indicate that normal retinal activity is fundamental to normal eye growth in chickens, and furthermore, that growth of the anterior and posterior segments of the chicken eye are independently regulated. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 29:311-319,1988 Environmental influences are thought to play a part in the development of myopia in humans. 1 However, experiments designed to examine this possibility are fraught with logistical problems. These problems are largely avoided when animal models are available and it has now been shown that myopia can be induced reliably in monkeys, 2 ' 3 tree shrews 4 and chickens 5 by appropriate manipulation of their visual environments. Axial elongation of the eye is largely responsible for the myopia in these animals just as in humans it is axial length which undergoes the primary change during childhood development of myopia. 6
yield of Shabut ( Seasonal changes in biochemical composition and meat

According to the records of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), Shabut, also known as Barbus grypus, is one of the most signifcant fish species listed in the fresh waters of Iraq and in the rivers along South and Southwest Iran, the Karoon river, and also in The Euphrates River and Tigris Rivers in Turkey (Selki et al., 2005; Zivotofskya & Amar, 2006; Dorostghoal et al., 2009). This fish with dark anal and tail fins and other light colored fins (Selki et al., 2005) is one of the leading fish species from the Atatürk Dam Lake with great importance in economy (Olgunoğlu et al., 2009). Atatürk Dam is one of the largest earth-and-rock filled dams in the world, having been built on the Euphrates River in south-eastern Anatolia, Turkey, with a total area of 817 km 2 , is the biggest reservoir in Turkey and has a high fishing potential (Oymak et al., 2009). Through a retrospective study of the literature, it was recognized that the analysis carried out so far on Barbus grypus was insufficent and the data on its nutiritional value was inadequte. However, it is extremely important to determine and keep a record of the nutritional quality of such type of nutrients for healthy consumption. In this study, Shabut (Barbus grypus) was examined for amino acid sufficiency and balance, aditionally the seasonal changes in nutritional values of mineral substances and fatty acids which are known to have extremely important effects on human health were identified with this research. The samples of Shabut (Barbus grypus) used in the research were classfied according to their length and then the amounts that were edible and inedible were identified with a 0.1g precesion scale to obtain meat yield. The ratio of the remaining weight of meat to the total body weight after removing the head, fins, scales and all internal organs was measured as the net edible meat yield and reported in percentage (%) (Izci & E rtan, 2004). For the spring and summer seasons 22 pairs and for autumn and winter seasons 21 pairs (86 fish) were used in this study. The average crude protein, fat, moisture, ash, carbohydrates, energy, copper, (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) amounts