Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sonographic features of primary breast cancer in men.

OBJECTIVE The imaging studies of eight men with proven primary breast cancer and preoperative sonography and mammography were reviewed and correlated with final pathology reports. CONCLUSION There were five cases of invasive breast carcinoma and three cases of ductal carcinoma in situ of the papillary subtype. All three cases of papillary ductal carcinoma in situ showed cystic features on sonography. Most (4/5) invasive cancers were solid on sonography. The appearance of a complex cystic mass in the male breast on sonography should suggest the possibility of malignancy and therefore warrants biopsy.
Twin binary sequences: a non-redundant representation for general non-slicing floorplan

The efficiency and effectiveness of many floorplanning methods depend very much on the representation of the geometrical relationship between the modules. A good representation can shorten the searching process so that more accurate estimations on area and interconnect costs can be performed. Non-slicing floorplan is the most general kind of floorplan that is commonly used. Unfortunately, there is not yet any complete and non-redundant topological representation for non-slicing structure. In this paper, we will propose the first representation of this kind. Like some previous work [9], we have also made used of mosaic floorplan as an intermediate step. However, instead of including a more than sufficient number of extra dummy blocks in the set of modules, our representation allows us to insert an exact number of irreducible empty rooms to a mosaic floorplan in such a way that every non-slicing floorplan can be obtained by this method uniquely from one and only one mosaic floorplan. The size of the solution space is only O(n! 23n/n1.5) but every non-slicing floorplan can be generated uniquely and efficiently in linear time without any redundant representation.
Clinico-Pathological Study of Precancerous AndCancerous Conditions of Endometrium

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive cancer of female genital tract. In the absence of treatment endometrial hyperplasia may progress to cancer. Endometrial cancer is more common in women with obesity, diabetes, hypertension and infertility. Aim&objectives: To determine the frequency of occurrence and to observe the correlation between clinical features and pathological findings in pre-cancerous and cancerous conditions of the endometrium. Methods:The present study included evaluation of 190 cases of hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the endometrium. Elicited clinical details were statistically correlated with histopathological findings. Results: Out of 190 cases, hyperplastic lesions accounted for 95.8% of the cases and carcinomas accounted for 4.2% of cases. Hyperplastic lesions included cystoglandular hyperplasia (72.5%), complex hyperplasia (23.6%) and complex hyperplasia with atypia (3.9%). The mean age of patients with hyperplasia was 50 years and menorrhagia being the commonest mode of presentation. Mean weight and parity of the patients were 50Kg and 2.58 respectively. Diabetes and hypertension were detected in 11% and 10% of these patients with hyperplasia respectively. Carcinoma was seen in patients with the mean age of 61years who presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Mean weight and parity of these patients were 49.8Kgs and 3.5 respectively. Hypertension and diabetes was seen in 25% and 12.5% of patients respectively. Conclusion: The present study assesses the frequency of occurrence of pre-cancerous and cancerous conditions of endometrium with clinical correlation. A strong association was observed between age and endometrial lesions where as insignificant association was observed between patients with endometrial lesions and risk factors like weight, parity, hypertension and diabetes.
Daytime sleepiness and functional impairment in Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE Daytime sleep has been noted to accompany dementing illness and is more pronounced as dementia severity increases. Although acknowledged by caregivers, sleepiness during the daytime is among the least troublesome of sleep behaviors described in Alzheimer Disease (AD) patients. The purpose of this study was to examine whether patient and spouse/caregiver reports of daytime sleepiness in AD were associated with lower functional status in those patients. METHODS The authors utilized the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess reported daytime sleepiness and a modification of the Lawton and Brody scale to assess functional status in a group of 137 AD patients. The authors also examined typical bedtimes and wakeup times via questionnaire. RESULTS Higher levels of daytime sleepiness were associated with greater impairments in functional status. These results were independent of level of cognitive impairment, as assessed with Mini-Mental State Exam, and they were also detectable when the authors limited analyses to data reported only by spouse/caregiver. Findings were not associated with medication use. AD patients also had earlier bedtimes and later wake-up times than a comparison group. CONCLUSION Even apart from its association with impaired cognition, daytime sleepiness was associated with functional impairment in AD patients. Although daytime sleep may represent a welcome relief for caregivers, its presence may be associated with greater impairment in instrumental activities and may warrant intervention.
Impact of antibiotic resistance on clinical outcomes and the cost of care

Antibiotic-resistant organisms are common in intensive care unit infection and can be either Gram-positive or Gram-negative. A number of studies have evaluated whether these organisms can lead to excess morbidity, mortality, or cost. In general, the studies are confounded by a number of methodologic issues, including the selection of an appropriate control population. Cases and controls must be appropriately matched for the presence of infection, the presence of infection with similar organisms (but ones that are either antibiotic-sensitive or -resistant), and severity of illness. In addition, studies must account for the therapies given to patients who are infected with resistant organisms because resistance is an important risk factor for inadequate empirical therapy, and such therapy is itself a potent determinant of a number of adverse outcomes, including mortality. To date, the data with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus are inconsistent with regard to the effect on mortality rates, although infection with both organisms can lead to excess length of stay and increased cost of care. When studies have been adequately controlled and powered, infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus has had more of an effect on the mortality rate than infection with antibiotic-sensitive enterococci. Infection with resistant Gram-negatives also has adverse impact on outcome, with excess mortality being seen in patient groups infected with Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. If we are to minimize the effect of resistance on medical outcomes and cost, it will be necessary to have a current knowledge of each intensive care unit’s pathogens and susceptibility patterns, so that empirical therapy will have a good likelihood of being effective. In addition, new therapeutic agents may improve on the efficacy of older agents and could reduce cost if they allow for some patients to leave the hospital and to finish therapy with an oral formulation of a highly bioavailable agent.
Does wait-list size at registration influence time to surgery? Analysis of a population-based cardiac surgery registry.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the probability of undergoing coronary bypass surgery within a certain time was related to the number of patients on the wait list at registration for the operation in a publicly funded health system. METHODS A prospective cohort study comparing waiting times among patients registered on wait lists at the hospitals delivering adult cardiac surgery. For each calendar week, the list size, the number of new registrations, and the number of direct admissions immediately after angiography characterized the demand for surgery. RESULTS The length of delay in undergoing treatment was associated with list size at registration, with shorter times for shorter lists (log-rank test 1,198.3, p<.0001). When the list size at registration required clearance time over 1 week patients had 42 percent lower odds of undergoing surgery compared with lists with clearance time less than 1 week (odds ratio [OR] 0.58 percent, 95 percent, confidence interval [CI] 0.53-0.63), after adjustment for age, sex, comorbidity, period, and hospital. The weekly number of new registrations exceeding weekly service capacity had an independent effect toward longer service delays when the list size at registration required clearance time less than 1 week (OR 0.56 percent, 95 percent CI 0.45-0.71), but not for longer lists. Every time the operation was performed for a patient requiring surgery without registration on wait lists, the odds of surgery for listed patients were reduced by 6 percent (OR 0.94, CI 0.93-0.95). CONCLUSION For wait-listed patients, time to surgery depends on the list size at registration, the number of new registrations, as well as on the weekly number of patients who move immediately from angiography to coronary bypass surgery without being registered on a wait list. Hospital managers may use these findings to improve resource planning and to reduce uncertainty when providing advice on expected treatment delays.
Cohort Change, Diffusion, and Support for Environmental Spending in the United States1

Long-standing debates over the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on environmental concern contrast postmaterialist and affluence arguments, suggesting a positive relationship in high-income nations, with counterarguments for a negative or near zero relationship. A diffusion-of-innovations approach adapts parts of both arguments and predicts initial adoption of proenvironmental views by high-SES groups; however, environmentalism diffuses over time to other SES groups, weakening the association. This argument is tested with General Social Survey data (1973–2008) across 83 cohorts, whose attitudes before, during, and after the emergence of environmentalism identify long-term changes in environmental concern. Multilevel age, period, and cohort models support diffusion arguments by demonstrating that the effects across cohorts of education, income, and occupational prestige first strengthen, then weaken. This finding suggests that diffusion of environmental concern first produces positive relationships consistent with postmaterialism arguments and later produces null or negative relationships consistent with global environmentalism arguments.
Conformal Dimension: Cantor Sets and Fuglede Modulus

In this paper, we give several conditions for a space to be minimal for conformal dimension. We show that there are sets of zero length and conformal dimension 1, thus answering a question of Bishop and Tyson. Another sufficient condition for minimality is given in terms of a modulus of a system of measures in the sense of Fuglede [7]. It implies in particular that if is minimal for conformal dimension and supports a measure λ such that for every e > 0 there is a constant 0 < C < ∞ such that C −1 r 1+e ≤ λ (E∩ B(x, r)) ≤ C r 1−e , then X × Y is minimal for conformal dimension for every compact Y.
Seasonal variation of organogenetic activity and reserves allocation in the shoot apex of Pinus pinaster Ait.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS To understand better the basic growth characteristics of pines and the fundamental properties of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), variations within the shoot apex of buds were studied. METHODS A detailed structural comparison of meristem dimensions, organogenetic activity, and the presence of lipids, starch grains and tannins was performed on shoot apices of juvenile, and male and female adult Pinus pinaster at five different times in the annual growth cycle. KEY RESULTS There were significant correlations among traits and differences in the pattern for juvenile and adult shoots. In juvenile shoots, peaks of organogenesis were present in spring and autumn, but not in summer. In adult shoots, one peak, characterized by an increase in meristem dimensions, was present in summer. The accumulation of starch grains beneath the SAM and of tannin in sub-apical pith parenchyma were at their maximum when organogenetic activity was high in spring and autumn in juvenile plants, and in summer in adult plants. In juvenile and adult plants, lipids were stored within the SAM in autumn, filling a large part of the bud in winter, and were depleted in the cortical parenchyma and then in the pith during shoot elongation. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the sites of accumulation within the SAM and on the stage of the annual growth cycle, lipids, starch and tannins may be involved in different processes. In spring, energy and structural materials released by lipid hydrolysis may contribute to stem elongation and/or cell-to-cell communication. During organogenesis, energy and structural materials released by starch hydrolysis may influence developmental programmes in the SAM and adjacent cells. Tannins may be involved in cellular detoxification. At the end of the growing season, accumulation of lipid and starch is positively correlated with the onset of dormancy.
The reduced autophagic response by oxidative stress in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophic H9C2 cells causes more apoptotic cell death

Autophagy is an important process in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a causative role in the induction of cardiomyocyte autophagy. The purpose of this study was to explore whether, under conditions of oxidative stress, levels and types of cell death were different in untreated and Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells). Treatment with 20 µM Ang II induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9C2 cells, with increased expression of the hypertrophic markers c-Fos, ß-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), and brain natriuretic factor (BNF). Under normal conditions, there was no difference in the levels of autophagic vacuoles and apoptotic bodies in untreated and Ang II-treated H9C2 cells. However, oxidative stress generated by 100 µM H2O2 triggered autophagy in untreated control cells, but had a reduced effect in Ang II-induced hypertrophic cells, resulting in more cell death, and this was associated with a decrease in connexin 43 expression. Blocking this autophagic response with 3-methyladenine resulted in a significant increase in cell death and apoptosis of H9C2 cells but did not significantly affect the response of Ang II-treated cells. The autophagic response to 100 µM H2O2 provides a survival advantage for cells and this is reduced by Ang II treatment.
Experiencing release: Sex environments and escapism for HIV‐positive men who have sex with men

There are nonsexual reasons that may motivate people to seek out sexual activity with others. Some men who have sex with men may seek out sex environments to engage in sexual behavior. Among the nonsexual reasons that exist for men who have sex with men is a desire to escape from distressing thoughts and feelings. The amplified sexuality and other unique characteristics of sex environments allow men to have more intense emotional experiences around sex. Using the cognitive escape model as a theoretical foundation, this analysis focuses on the emotional vulnerability that some of the men who visit these venues may be avoiding and how their experiences at these venues might act as releasing mechanisms to alleviate dissonant thoughts and feelings. Implications for public health services and future research are discussed.
Using video-elicitation to assess risks and potential falls reduction strategies in long term care

Abstract Purpose: To assess the ability to use and the usefulness of video-elicitation to study risks and potential ways to reduce transfer-related falls in long term care. Method: A qualitative research study was conducted in a long term care facility and included a purposeful sample of 16 subjects (6 residents, 6 health care providers, and 4 family members). Field observations, interviews, video-recordings of assisted transfers, and video-elicitation sessions were conducted with the participants. The interviews and video-elicitation sessions were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded independently by at least 2 analysts. The codes were organized under themes. Results: Six themes related to risks and reduction of transfer-related falls were identified – environment, behaviors, health conditions, specific activities, knowledge and awareness, and balancing values. Conclusions: We were able to implement the novel participatory video-elicitation method developed and it was useful to identify risks and risk reduction strategies. Therefore, video-elicitation may be used in future studies to inform the design and testing of interventions to reduce transfer-related falls among LTC residents. Implications for Rehabilitation Falls are common among long term care residents. Visual-elicitation is a useful tool to be used in rehabilitation to assess risks and possible measures to reduce falls. The video-elicitation sessions optimized the ability and engaged residents, health care providers, and family members on providing information and discussing risks and potential measures to reduce transfer-related falls.
Bank Concentration and Competition: An Evolution in the Making

The consolidation of banks around the world in recent years is intensifying public policy debates on the influences of concentration and competition on the performance of banks. In light of these developments, this paper first reviews the existing literature on the impact of bank concentration and competition. Second, the paper summarizes the main findings of the papers in this special issue of the JMCB within the context of this active literature. Finally, the paper suggests some directions for future research.
Changing Epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes emm Types and Associated Invasive and Noninvasive Infections in Southern Taiwan

ABSTRACT A total of 242 isolates were recovered from 76 patients with invasive diseases, 89 with scarlet fever, and 77 with pharyngitis. The most frequent emm types were types 12 (43.4%), 4 (18.2%), and 1 (16.9%). emm12 reemerged in 2005 and peaked in 2007. emm11 was recovered only from patients with invasive disease.
Polynucleobacter Bacteria in the Brackish‐Water Species Euplotes harpa (Ciliata Hypotrichia)

Abstract. We have found a Polynucleobacter bacterium in the cytoplasm of Euplotes harpa, a species living in a brackish‐water habitat, with a cirral pattern not corresponding to that of the freshwater Euplotes species known to harbor this type of bacteria. The symbiont has been found in three strains of the species, obtained by clonal cultures from ciliates collected in different geographic regions. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this bacterium identifies it as a member of the β‐proteobacterial genus Polynucleobacter. This sequence shares a high similarity value (98.4–98.5%) with P. necessarius, the type species of the genus, and is associated with 16S rRNA gene sequences of environmental clones and bacterial strains included in the Polynucleobacter cluster (>95%). An oligonucleotide probe was designed to corroborate the assignment of the retrieved sequence to the symbiont and to detect similar bacteria rapidly. Antibiotic experiments showed that the elimination of the bacteria stops the reproductive cycle in E. harpa, as has been shown for the freshwater Euplotes species.
Etude de la variabilité ontogénique du profil ligneux chez quelques espèces forestières tropicales de Guyane Française

Le bois est un tissu plurifonctionnel permettant la conduction de la seve brute, le stockage de l’eau et des sucres ainsi que le soutien mecanique de la plante. L’arbre au cours de son developpement experimente differentes contraintes liees a son environnement et a sa taille croissante. En reponse a ces contraintes, les performances fonctionnelles du bois sont ajustees par des variations de valeurs de proprietes, elles-memes dependantes du produit de la xylogenese. Cependant les extrais chimiques deposes lors du processus de duraminisation, entraine la modification des proprietes du bois. Les proprietes du duramen sont le fruit de la xylognenese et de la duraminisation ainsi que de leurs interactions. Ce travail de these a donne naissance au terme ‘profil ligneux’, designant l’ensemble des variations des proprietes du bois a differentes echelles et dans une dimension ontogenique resultant des deux processus cites precedemment. La diversite de temperaments vis-a-vis de la lumiere (heliophilie a sciaphilie) des essences tropicales suggere une diversite d’expressions du profil ligneux. La description de ces differentes expressions serait gage d’une meilleure comprehension du temperament. Comprendre et caracteriser le profil ligneux et la variation de la quantite de bois de cœur dans l’arbre, representent egalement un enjeu economique puisque l’industrie du bois Guyanaise a ete identifiee comme une filiere d’avenir. L’analyse de la diversite du profil ligneux—par une approche ascendante, de l’echelle individuelle a l’echelle interspecifique—a prouve son efficacite dans la discrimination du degre d’affinite a la lumiere. La variation de densite est particulierment pertinente. Neanmoins, sa pertinence reside dans (1) la combinaison du gradient radial et vertical et (2) la prise en compte du duramen qui modifie parfois, l’amplitude et la direction du gradient ainsi que la forme du profil.L’effet de la duraminisation sur la variation de densite devient alors evocateur du temperament de l’espece au meme titre que la qualite et/ou la quantite d’extraits chimique mis en jeu. La pertinence du profil ligneux dans la caracterisation du temperament ecologique est due a son aspect integrateur de divers processus et proprietes. En regard du changement l’allocation de croissance (i.e. du tronc vers la couronne) observee chez Dicorynia guianensis et de travaux precedents sur la croissance des arbres, un lien potentiel entre la diversite du profil ligneux et la strategie d’allocation de la croissance pourrait exister.
The Relationship between Mg ii Broad Emission and Quasar Inclination Angle

Several observed spectral properties of quasars are believed to be influenced by quasar orientation. In this investigation we examine the effect of orientation on the Mg II line located at 2798 {\AA} in a sample of 36 radio-loud quasars, with orientation angles having been obtained in a previous study using radio observations. We find no significant relationship between orientation angle and either Mg II line full-width at half-maximum or equivalent width. The lack of correlation with inclination angle contradicts previous studies which also use radio data as a proxy for inclination angle and suggests the Mg II emission region does not occupy a disk-like geometry. The lack of correlation with Mg II equivalent width, however, is reported in at least one previous study. Although the significance is not very strong (86 percent), there is a possible negative relationship between inclination angle and Fe II strength which, if true, could explain the Fe II anti-correlation with [O III ] strength associated with Eigenvector 1. Interestingly, there are objects having almost edge-on inclinations while still exhibiting broad lines. This could be explained by a torus which is either clumpy (allowing sight lines to the central engine) or mis-aligned with the accretion disk.