Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale.

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal reliability and validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS) among cardiovascular patients. BACKGROUND Oral anticoagulation is widely used to prevent and treat thromboembolic events in several conditions, especially in cardiovascular diseases; however, this therapy can induce dissatisfaction and reduce the quality of life. DESIGN Methodological and cross-sectional research design. METHODS The cultural adaptation of the DASS included the translation and back-translation, discussions with healthcare professionals and patients to ensure conceptual equivalence, semantic evaluation and instrument pretest. The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the DASS was tested among subjects followed in a university hospital anticoagulation outpatient clinic. The psychometric properties were assessed by construct validity (convergent, known groups and dimensionality) and internal consistency/reliability (Cronbach's alpha). RESULTS A total of 180 subjects under oral anticoagulation formed the baseline validation population. DASS total score and SF-36 domain correlations were moderate for General health (r=-0.47, p<0.01), Vitality (r=-0.44, p<0.01) and Mental health (r=-0.42, p<0.01) (convergent). Age and length on oral anticoagulation therapy (in years) were weakly correlated with total DASS score and most of the subscales, except Limitation (r=-0.375, p<0.01) (Known groups). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.79 for the total scale, and it ranged from 0.76 (hassles and burdens)-0.46 (psychological impact) among the domains, confirming the internal consistency reliability. CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the DASS has shown levels of reliability and validity comparable with the original English version. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare practitioners and researchers need internationally validated measurement tools to compare outcomes of interventions in clinical management and research tools in oral anticoagulation therapy.
Detection of anti‐Leptospira antibodies in captive nonhuman primates from Salvador, Brazil

Leptospirosis is a widely distributed zoonosis that affects several species of domestic and wild animals. Under captive conditions, Leptospirosis is a potential problem because the physical conditions in most zoos and research centers cannot prevent the captive animals from being exposed to rodents, raccoons, opossums, and other local wildlife that are known carriers. Yet, despite the potential risk, animals that are destined for reintroduction into the wild are not routinely tested for anti‐Leptospira antibodies before their release. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti‐Leptospira antibodies in captive New World monkeys that were housed in the Wild Animals Screening Center in Salvador, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 44 monkeys (28 Callithrix jacchus, eight Callithrix pennicilata, and eight Cebus sp.). The animals were screened for antibodies with the microscopic agglutination test. Twenty‐five (56.8%) primates were seroreactive, with Icterohaemorrhagiae being the most frequent serogroup. None of the monkeys, however, presented clinical signs of leptospirosis. Thus, seroreactivity with low titers in asymptomatic animals, as observed in this study, suggests exposure to the agent. The unexpected predominance of the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae further suggests that exposure to this serogroup occurred in captivity. Therefore, the dangerous possibility cannot be ignored that reintroduced monkeys will carry the leptospiral serovars into wild populations. In conclusion, primates exposed to urban serovars before their release from captivity represent a potentially significant health risk to wild populations. Am. J. Primatol. 74:8–11, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavioral Responses of Cao Vit Gibbon (Nomascus Nasutus) to Variations in Food Abundance and Temperature in Bangliang, Jingxi, China

The Cao Vit gibbon is a critically endangered species with only about 110 individuals remaining in a degraded karst forest along the China‐Vietnam border. Behavioral data from this site are particularly useful in understanding gibbon behavioral adaptations to different sets of ecological conditions and will contribute to the conservation of the species. We studied seasonal variation in the time budget and diet of the Cao Vit gibbon in response to variation in food availability and ambient temperature by observing two groups for 1,379 hr between January and December 2009. We used 5‐min scan samples to record the activity of gibbons. Both ambient temperature and food availability varied from month to month. Gibbon groups increased resting time and huddled together in sleeping places in cold months. Gibbons spent more time feeding on fruit when fruit was more abundant suggesting that fruit was their preferred food. Alternatively, leaf eating was negatively correlated with leaf availability which suggested that leaves may be used as a fallback food. Gibbons increased their diet diversity when they ate more leaves. This might be a strategy to cope with toxins or digestion inhibitor accumulation associated with feeding from a limited number of leaf species. Individuals consumed more buds when Broussonetia papyrifera produced buds in March and April. During this period, they decreased traveling time and engaged in less frequent social interactions. Gibbons spent more time searching for and feeding on invertebrates during June and October. However, we did not collect data on invertebrate abundance and therefore cannot determine the relationship between invertebrate feeding and availability. We conclude that flexibility in consuming diverse food types and food species, and in responding to the availability of preferred foods, has enabled the Cao Vit gibbon to survive in a degraded karst forest habitat. Am. J. Primatol. 74:632–641, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethical issues in research: a romanian case study

This article examines various ethical issues raised in the context of a randomized intervention trial conducted with institutionalized and never-institutionalized children in Bucharest. Despite numerous positive outcomes, it is asserted that the ethical issues presented, which include study design, the risk-benefit ratio, the provision of a stipend, and the provision of post-trial compensation, require discussion and elucidation in the Romanian context.
Postprandial hypotension among older residents of a nursing home in Korea.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify changes in blood pressure and pulse rate after a meal for elders living in a nursing home. BACKGROUND Postprandial hypotension is a major health issue for older persons, because it has been shown to cause increased incidence of falls, syncope, coronary disease, strokes and deterioration in the quality of life. However, there has been little systematic investigation into blood pressure changes after meals in older people. DESIGN A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to identify postprandial blood pressure and pulse rate changes in residents of a nursing home. METHOD Blood pressure and pulse rates of 121 people aged 65 and above were measured before and after a meal and at 15-minute intervals for six more measurements. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, repeated measures anova and paired t-tests using SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS There were significant differences in systolic and diastolic pressure by time. The biggest drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred at 45 minutes after the meal. There was no significant change in pulse rates except for immediately after the meal. CONCLUSIONS To prevent complications from drops in postprandial blood pressure, nurses should carefully monitor blood pressure of elders at least from 30-90 minutes after meals. Further study of drops in postprandial blood pressure should be conducted for various types and times of meals. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses caring for older persons can identify drops in the postprandial blood pressure to manage the incidence of falls, syncope and stroke more effectively, especially in nursing homes.
Development of Snake‐Directed Antipredator Behavior by Wild White‐faced Capuchin Monkeys: I. Snake‐Species Discrimination

Young animals are known to direct alarm calls at a wider range of species than adults. Our field study examined age‐related differences in the snake‐directed antipredator behavior of infant, juvenile, and adult white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) in terms of alarm calling, looking behavior, and aggressive behavior. In the first experiment, we exposed infant and juvenile white‐faced capuchins to realistic‐looking inflatable models of their two snake predators, the boa constrictior (Boa constrictor) and neotropical rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) and a white airplane as a novel control. In the second experiment, infants, juveniles, and adults were presented photographic models of a coiled boa constrictor, rattlesnake, indigo snake (Drymarchon corais), a noncapuchin predator, and a white snake‐like model. We found that antipredator behavior changed during the immature stage. Infants as young as 4 months old were able to recognize snakes and display antipredator behavior, but engaged in less snake‐model discrimination than juveniles. All age classes exhibited a lower response to the white snake‐like model, indicating that the absence of color and snake‐scale patterns affected snake recognition. Infants also showed a higher level of vigilance after snake‐model detection as exhibited by a higher proportion of time spent looking and head cocking at the models. Aggressive antipredator behavior was found in all age classes, but was more prevalent in juveniles and adults than infants. This study adds to the knowledge of development of antipredator behavior in primates by showing that, although alarm calling behavior and predator recognition appear at a very young age in capuchins, snake‐species discrimination does not become apparent until the juvenile stage. Am. J. Primatol. 75:281‐291, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of Alternative Plant Resources by Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in the Semi‐Arid Caatinga Scrub Forests of Northeastern Brazil

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is amply distributed in the Brazilian Northeast, but little is known of its ecology in the semi‐arid Caatinga scrublands. The present study provides the first detailed data on the composition of the diet of C. jacchus in Caatinga ecosystems, derived from observations at four sites in the state of Sergipe. While exudate sources were gouged at all four sites in a manner typical of the species, fruit was the principal component of the diet at the main study site during most months, and a number of unusual items were eaten, including leaves, and the reproductive parts of cacti and bromeliads. These plants are rarely recorded in marmoset diets, but are common in caatinga habitats. Leaves were ingested during 5 of the 8 months monitored at the main study site, reaching 39.74% of the diet in 1 month, and appeared to be an alternative fallback food to plant exudates during periods when fruit was scarce. Three species of cactus provided both flowers and fruits, while the terrestrial bromeliad, Encholirium spectabile, provided nectar (30.81% of the diet in November). Approximately half of the plant species (and three families) identified in this study had not been recorded previously in the diet of Callithrix. Overall, the data suggest that, while the marmosets exploit the same types of plant foods in the Caatinga, the resource base is quite distinct from that of the Atlantic Forest. Other differences, such as relatively small groups and large home ranges, may contribute to divergent ecological patterns, which require more systematic investigation. Am. J. Primatol. 75:333‐341, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immune Responsive Gene 1 (IRG1) Promotes Endotoxin Tolerance by Increasing A20 Expression in Macrophages through Reactive Oxygen Species*

Background: The molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance remain not well elucidated. Results: IRG1, up-regulated by LPS and during sepsis, can feedback suppress the Toll-like receptor-triggered inflammatory response by increasing A20 expression via reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-tolerized macrophages. Conclusion: Inducible IRG1 promotes endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression through ROS. Significance: Providing new molecular mechanisms regulating hypoinflammation of sepsis and endotoxin tolerance. Sepsis-associated immunosuppression (SAIS) is regarded as one of main causes for the death of septic patients at the late stage because of the decreased innate immunity with a more opportunistic infection. LPS-tolerized macrophages, which are re-challenged by LPS after prior exposure to LPS, are regarded as the common model of hypo-responsiveness for SAIS. However, the molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance and SAIS remain to be fully elucidated. In addition, negative regulation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered innate inflammatory response needs further investigation. Here we show that expression of immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1) was highly up-regulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of septic patients and in LPS-tolerized mouse macrophages. IRG1 significantly suppressed TLR-triggered production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β in LPS-tolerized macrophages, with the elevated expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and A20. Moreover, ROS enhanced A20 expression by increasing the H3K4me3 modification of histone on the A20 promoter domain, and supplement of the ROS abrogated the IRG1 knockdown function in breaking endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression. Our results demonstrate that inducible IRG1 promotes endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression through ROS, indicating a new molecular mechanism regulating hypoinflammation of sepsis and endotoxin tolerance.
Foxm1 Expression in Prostate Epithelial Cells Is Essential for Prostate Carcinogenesis*

Background: Foxm1 is up-regulated in prostate adenocarcinomas and its expression correlates with the poor prognosis. Results: Conditional depletion of Foxm1 in prostate epithelial cells inhibits tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Conclusion: Foxm1 expression in prostate epithelial cells is essential for prostate carcinogenesis in mouse models. Significance: Foxm1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer in human patients. The treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) remains a challenge. Identification of new molecular mechanisms that regulate PCa initiation and progression would provide targets for the development of new cancer treatments. The Foxm1 transcription factor is highly up-regulated in tumor cells, inflammatory cells, and cells of tumor microenvironment. However, its functions in different cell populations of PCa lesions are unknown. To determine the role of Foxm1 in tumor cells during PCa development, we generated two novel transgenic mouse models, one exhibiting Foxm1 gain-of-function and one exhibiting Foxm1 loss-of-function under control of the prostate epithelial-specific Probasin promoter. In the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model of PCa that uses SV40 large T antigen to induce PCa, loss of Foxm1 decreased tumor growth and metastasis. Decreased prostate tumorigenesis was associated with a decrease in tumor cell proliferation and the down-regulation of genes critical for cell proliferation and tumor metastasis, including Cdc25b, Cyclin B1, Plk-1, Lox, and Versican. In addition, tumor-associated angiogenesis was decreased, coinciding with reduced Vegf-A expression. The mRNA and protein levels of 11β-Hsd2, an enzyme playing an important role in tumor cell proliferation, were down-regulated in Foxm1-deficient PCa tumors in vivo and in Foxm1-depleted TRAMP C2 cells in vitro. Foxm1 bound to, and increased transcriptional activity of, the mouse 11β-Hsd2 promoter through the −892/−879 region, indicating that 11β-Hsd2 was a direct transcriptional target of Foxm1. Without TRAMP, overexpression of Foxm1 either alone or in combination with inhibition of a p19ARF tumor suppressor caused a robust epithelial hyperplasia, but was insufficient to induce progression from hyperplasia to PCa. Foxm1 expression in prostate epithelial cells is critical for prostate carcinogenesis, suggesting that inhibition of Foxm1 is a promising therapeutic approach for prostate cancer chemotherapy.
Incidence of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the Inhabitants of the Upper Silesia, Poland

In recent years, non-melanoma incidence rate has been ranked in the 4th place, and cutaneous melanoma has not been recorded in the first ten places among the most frequent cancers in the inhabitants of the Upper Silesia. Despite high incidence rates, the progno‐ ses of the skin cancers are good, thus the cancer mortality is ranked lower than in the first ten places [1-3]. The authors of the study have already presented epidemiological analy‐ ses of the incidence of those cancers [4-7]. Thus the aim of the present study was to continue the evaluation of the incidence rates of non-melanoma skin cancers in the inhabitants of the Upper Silesia in 1999-2007.
Knowledge of blood transfusion among nurses.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To measure nurses' knowledge of blood transfusion in the United Arab Emirates. BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is a fundamental aspect of nursing practice and nurses' knowledge of it is essential for safe practice. Yet little is known about their blood transfusion practice and the knowledge that underpins it. The few studies that have investigated this topic previously have shown deficiencies in both knowledge and practice. To date, no such study has been carried out in the Middle East. DESIGNS A descriptive, cross-sectional study. METHODS A random sample of 248 nurses from two general hospitals in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The response rate was 94AE3%. A knowledge questionnaire comprising six sections and 49 items was developed for this study. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The overall knowledge scores of nurses were generally low ranging from 27-56 of a possible score of 70. Data analysis revealed knowledge deficits in several key aspects of blood transfusion. There were statistically significant relationship between nurses' knowledge and the work setting, the country where they trained and type of qualifications. CONCLUSION This survey highlighted knowledge deficits which could be detrimental to patient safety. These results have implications for nursing education, policy and practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses have the responsibility to update their knowledge of and skills in carrying out blood transfusion. The tool developed in this study may be useful for educators and managers to identify gaps in knowledge and inform decisions to address them.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV/AIDS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Background: Pulmonary TB is still the most common form of the tuberculosis in HIV infected patients with different presentations according to the degree of immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of HIV infection on the clinical, laboratory and radiological presentation of tuberculosis. Methods: We compared 80 HIV negative pulmonary TB patients with 40 HIV positive pulmonary TB patients during 1999-2005 in a teaching hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Results: Tuberculosis was more common in men in both groups. The mean age of HIV positive patients was lower than HIV negatives (35.95+/-10.4 versus 46.95+/-20.39, P =0.002). Weight loss and chronic cough were significantly more frequent in HIV negative patients (76.3% vs. 45% p<0.001 and 93.8% vs. 80%, P<0.05 respectively), whereas fatigue were more prominent in HIV positives (45% vs. 21.3%, P< 0.001). Cavitations and infiltrations were reported in the CXR of HIV/TB patients less than HIV negative patients (OR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.05-0.97, P= 0.01 and OR=0.27%, 95% CI: 0.09-0.75%, P =0.02 respectively). Primary involvement pattern was observed more than secondary involvement in HIV/TB group (OR=3.95, 95% CI: 1.73-9.03, P =0.001). The laboratory findings in HIV/TB patients were as follows: more negative PPD skin (75% vs. 50%) tests, higher ESR (86.5% vs. 63.7%), lower mean Hb (10.6 vs. 12.4) and lower mean leukocyte (6545 vs. 9195) and lymphocyte count (1281 vs. 1838). In all of the above mentioned findings the differences between two groups were significant. Fourthy Seven% of patients had Lymphocyte count less than 1200 which means they were in AIDS stage. Conclusion: Immune system suppression in HIV can alter the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of tuberculosis. It is crucial to consider tuberculosis in differential diagnosis of every HIV patients with respiratory symptoms.
Foods Eaten by the Sichuan Snub‐Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China, in Relation to Nutritional Chemistry

The diet of Rhinopithecus roxellana is characterized by lichens, which are available year‐round and an uncommon food source for nonhuman primates, supplemented by seasonal plant foods. We present the first study of foods eaten by R. roxellana in relation to nutritional chemistry in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, China. We analyzed the nutrients (crude protein, crude fat, and water soluble carbohydrate [WSC]) and feeding deterrents (crude fiber, condensed tannin [CT], and total phenolic [TP]) of 111 parts from 53 plant species and of 6 lichen species. Results showed that lichens were a good choice for R. roxellana living in habitats with limited and seasonally available plant foods. They contained higher concentrations of WSC than foliage, fat concentrations equivalent to those in plant parts (except fruits/seeds), and lower concentrations of fiber than mature leaves, flowers, and fruits. Although lichens were lower in protein than plant parts (except fruits), the monkeys could likely meet their protein requirement by eating seasonal plant foods rich in protein, including foliage, flowers, buds, and seeds. The monkeys were not observed to select foliage higher in protein, but appeared to select mature leaves higher in WSC and lower in fiber. Fruits were a good source of WSC and fat, and seeds were a good source of fat. Neither CT nor TP content showed negative effects on the selection of mature leaves or lichens. Am. J. Primatol. 75:860–871, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.