Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trip characteristics of vehicle crashes involving child passengers

Objectives: To describe the trip characteristics of vehicle crashes involving children, and to examine the effect of situational factors on front row seating or inappropriate restraint for young children. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on children <16 years in crashes of insured vehicles in 15 US states, with data collected using insurance claims records and a telephone interview. A descriptive analysis of the characteristics of vehicle crashes involving children was performed. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to identify situational factors associated with inappropriate restraint or front row seating. Results: These data suggest that children were traveling in vehicles involved in crashes that occurred under usual driving circumstances—that is, closer to home (60%), on a local road (56%), during normal daytime hours (71%), within areas with relatively lower posted speed limits (76%). Compared with children involved in morning crashes, those in daytime crashes (RR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.49) or in night-time crashes (RR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.67) were more likely to be sitting in the front seat. Children involved in night-time crashes were more likely to be inappropriately restrained (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22) than those in daytime crashes. Children riding with two or more additional passengers were more likely to be inappropriately restrained (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.27) than those with no other passengers. Conclusions: Educational initiatives should aim to increase the perception that parents have about the potential crash risk of everyday trips. Some situational characteristics of trips were associated with inappropriate restraint and front row seating behaviors for young children.
Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Patients with Mixed Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Cholangiocarcinoma

Introduction: Primary liver cancer arises from hepatocytes or biliary epithelium resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. Mixed hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas are rare; therefore, medical literature addressing these tumors is limited. As treatment modalities for mixed hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas are few, the role of orthotopic liver transplantation remains controversial. Aim: To determine the survival outcomes of patients with incidentally discovered mixed hepatocellular carcinomacholangiocarcinomas after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods and Materials: We present five patients with mixed hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas who received orthotopic liver transplantation at our institution between September 1998 and July 2011. Characterization of the combined lesion was based on the Allen and Lisa classification scheme: type A: separate neoplasms of liver cell or bile duct cell; type B: different masses that mingle as they grow; and type C: masses that display both features of liver and bile duct cells. Results: Preoperatively, all patients met Milan criteria based on presumed hepatocellular carcinoma prior to orthotopic liver transplantation. Multifocal disease was present in all patients on pathological diagnosis, which was not appreciated during preoperative screening, and histologic characterization of the lesions revealed both Allen and Lisa types A (60%) and C (40%). All of our patients had underlying cirrhosis. The post-operative course was uneventful in all of the cases. Vascular invasion was observed in one patient who developed bone metastases and subsequently died 600 days post-transplant despite post-transplant chemoradiation therapy. The other four patients have remained disease-free; the mean overall survival is 800 days. Our population is unique in prevalence of cirrhosis and multiple hepatic lesions as compared to other case series. Conclusions: Although orthotopic liver transplantation is not recommended for patients with known mixed hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas, in the event that a patient is transplanted, this case series shows that orthotopic liver transplantation is an acceptable treatment modality with appropriate survival outcomes.
Edge loading does not increase wear rates of ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-polyethylene articulations.

The mal-positioning of total hip arthroplasty components can result in edge loading conditions. Purpose of this study was to determine if the wear rate of ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-polyethylene increases under edge loading conditions. The literature was reviewed to determine which of the commonly used hip bearings is the most forgiving to implant mal-orientation. Two 28-mm ceramic-on-ceramic articulations were tested in vitro: pure alumina (PAL) ceramic versus the new alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ). Two 28-mm metal-on-polyethylene articulations were tested in vitro: conventional ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) versus highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) stabilized with vitamin E. All bearings were tested at standard and at highest possible inclination angles. Hip simulator tests were run for five million cycles based on N = 3 tests per condition. The average wear rate of ATZ-on-ATZ is 0.024 mm(3) /Mcycles at 45° and 0.018 mm(3) /Mcycles at 65°. Wear rate of PAL-on-PAL is between 0.02 and 0.03 mm(3) /Mcycles at 45°, as well as 65°. The wear rate of UHMWPE was 31 ± 1 mm(3) /Mcycles at an inclination angle of 45° and 26 ± 1 mm(3) /Mcycles at 80°. The wear rate of vitamin E stabilized HXLPE was 5.9 ± 0.2 mm(3) /Mcycles at 45° and 5.8 ± 0.2 mm(3) /Mcycles at 80°. Edge loading does not increase the wear rate of ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-polyethylene articulations. The newest biomaterials showed markedly lower wear rates compared with their conventional counterparts. ATZ-on-ATZ showed the lowest wear rate of all tested pairings, but the vitamin E stabilized HXLPE seems to be the most forgiving material when it comes to implant mal-orientation.
Modified Turco Procedure for Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot

Since 1980 we have used a modified Turco procedure for treating congenital clubfoot. The modifications include: (1) lateral position with the unaffected side on top; (2) Cincinnati-type transverse heel crease incision from the base of the first metatarsal around the ankle up to the lateral border of the tendoachilles; (3) complete excision of the abductor hallucis muscle; (4) complete tibialis posterior tendon tenotomy in the sheath; (5) no lengthening of long toe flexors; (6) no K wires for maintaining the correction; and (7) special splints instead of Denis Browne splints. Thirty-three feet in 18 patients were followed up prospectively at a mean of 13.8 years (range, 10–16 years). There were no wound complications. The mean Laaveg and Ponseti score was 87.2 (range, 49–98). Twenty-seven (82%) of 33 feet had good to excellent results. There were seven feet (21%) with recurrent deformities, which included two feet (6%) with recurrence of all deformities, two feet (6%) with forefoot adduction, one foot each (3%) with equinus and heel varus, and one (3%) with cavus. Ninety-four percent of patients were very satisfied or satisfied with the results. We think this modified approach has helped us to reduce the recurrence of forefoot adduction deformity and wound complications. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series—no, or historical control group). See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Face Detection in Peripheral Vision: Do Faces Pop Out?

We examined whether faces can produce a ‘pop-out’ effect in visual search tasks. In the first experiment, subjects' eye movements and search latencies were measured while they viewed a display containing a target face amidst distractors. Targets were upright or inverted faces presented with seven others of the opposite polarity as an ‘around-the-clock’ display. Face images were either photographic or ‘feature only’, with the outline removed. Naive subjects were poor at locating an upright face from an array of inverted faces, but performance improved with practice. In the second experiment, we investigated systematically how training improved performance. Prior to testing, subjects were practised on locating either upright or inverted faces. All subjects benefited from training. Subjects practised on upright faces were faster and more accurate at locating upright target faces than inverted. Subjects practised on inverted faces showed no difference between upright and inverted targets. In the third experiment, faces with ‘jumbled’ features were used as distractors, and this resulted in the same pattern of findings. We conclude that there is no direct rapid ‘pop-out’ effect for faces. However, the findings demonstrate that, in peripheral vision, upright faces show a processing advantage over inverted faces.
Stomachaches and headaches in a community sample of preschool children.

The epidemiology of recurrent stomachache and headache was studied in a community sample of 308 preschool children, most of whom were white. When the children were 3 years old, interviews with their mothers indicated that 3% had recurrent headaches and 9% had recurrent stomachaches. Children with recurrent stomachaches were more likely than those without recurrent stomachaches to have mothers who were emotionally depressed (P less than .01), had marital problems (P less than .05), and perceived their own health as poor (P less than .05). When maternal poor health was controlled, depression was still associated with their children having stomachaches (P less than .05). Prospectively collected data demonstrate that children with recurrent stomachaches did not have bowel difficulties when they were infants. Other psychosocial stresses and demographic factors were not associated with stomachaches. The only variable associated with recurrent headache was maternal depression. Children with recurrent headaches or stomachaches were more likely to have behavior problems, as measured by the Behavior Screening Questionnaire, than were children without these symptoms. The analysis presents new data on these common symptoms of childhood.
Is playfulness a benefit to work? Empirical evidence of professionals in Taiwan

This paper discusses the constructs of playfulness and its relationship to work. About 1493 Taiwan professionals in four fields art and media, education, hitech and agriculture and manufacturing participated and responded to a self-reported questionnaire survey in this study. Results indicate that playfulness is positively related to both affective (Job Satisfaction (JS))and behavioural (Innovative Behaviour (IB) and Job Performance (JP)) work outcomes. Moreover, playfulness trait and playfulness state have differential relationships with outcome variables. Implications of these findings for personnel selection and motivation are discussed.
Preventing falls in In-Patient Older Adult Mental Health Services: Different Causative Factors in Mental and Neurocognitive Disorders

Aims: To compare falls sustained in two groups of patients (one with mental disorders and the other neurocognitive disorders), in two acute inpatient older adult mental health services in Western Australia (WA). Background: Falls are the most common adverse event experienced during inpatient care. Older people with mental disorders and neurocognitive disorders constitute a high-risk group for accidental falls in hospitals. Methods: Data relating to 207 fall events from 2010-2011 reported in medical records and incident reports were collected. Individuals who sustained a fall were grouped as having a mental disorder (n=73) or neurocognitive disorder (n=134) according to their primary ICD10 diagnosis. Results: Significant differences in the factors that contributed to the fall between the two groups were highlighted. Falls sustained by those with a neurocognitive disorder were due to confusion and disorientation, and psychotropic medication effects. Their falls were more likely to be unwitnessed and injuries were generally less severe. Falls sustained by older adults with mental disorders were attributed to symptoms of their illness or medication side effects and tended to result in more severe injuries requiring medical treatment or further investigation. Conclusions: Older adults with neurocognitive disorders and behavioural and psychological symptoms associated to dementia have different falls risk factors related to their specific illness and cognitive functioning. There is a need for health professionals to receive training to assess, manage and provide appropriate interventions to reduce the specific falls risks in patients with both mental disorders and neurocognitive disorders.
Crustal motion and sea level changes along the Arctic coasts ( CRUSLAC )

The combination of tide gauges with high-precision (spacegeodetic) measurements of vertical displacements of the crust and associated absolute gravity changes provide valuable constraints for observations and models of changes in nearby ice loads. In particular, geodetic observations at tide gauges in the Arctic are of high potential value for global change studies. A preliminary analysis of the available Arctic tide gauge data indicates a spatial pattern in sea level consistent with significant changes in the ice cover on Greenland and the larger ones of the Arctic islands. However, due to lack of data on crustal motion, ambiguities remain in the separation of geocentric crustal motion and geocentric sea levels as well as the attribution of the observed trends to past or present changes in the ice loads. It is proposed to co-located several long-operating Arctic tide gauges with continuously recording GPS, to perform absolute gravity measurements at these selected tide gauges, and to connect all Arctic tide gauges to a geocentric datum. It is expected that these observations will allow to reduce the uncertainty of the geocentric crustal motion and thus provide a better estimate of the geocentric sea-level trends at these tide gauges. The resulting trends will constitute valuable constraints for changes in the Arctic cryosphere. Moreover, the proposed measurements will also provide new constraints on the present-day tectonical motion of the Arctic crust.
Hybridization of harmony search with Nelder-Mead algorithm for combined heat and power economic dispatch problem

A new hybridized algorithm is developed to solve the combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem. Due to the non-convexity of the CHPED problem, the global optimum is difficult to achieve. The presented approach combines the algorithms of harmony search (HS) and Nelder-Mead (NM), and the hybridized algorithm is called the NM-HS algorithm. The hybridized NM-HS algorithm improves the efficiency of the two original algorithms, and also the robustness. Two benchmark examples demonstrate the good performance of the NM-HS algorithm. The solutions obtained is better than, or at least is the same as, other methods.
Exponential inequalities for unbounded functions of geometrically ergodic Markov chains: applications to quantitative error bounds for regenerative Metropolis algorithms

ABSTRACT The aim of this note is to investigate the concentration properties of unbounded functions of geometrically ergodic Markov chains. We derive concentration properties of centred functions with respect to the square of Lyapunov's function in the drift condition satisfied by the Markov chain. We apply the new exponential inequalities to derive confidence intervals for Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Quantitative error bounds are provided for the regenerative Metropolis algorithm of [Brockwell and Kadane Identification of regeneration times in MCMC simulation, with application to adaptive schemes. J Comput Graphical Stat. 2005;14(2)].
Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)-α-Methylbenzylamine by Recombinant Escherichia coli Co-Expressing Omega-Transaminase and Acetolactate Synthase

To produce (S)-α-methylbenzylamine (MBA) from acetophenone, recombinant Escherichia coli co-expressing ω-transaminase and acetolactate synthase was used as a whole-cell biocatalyst. The solvent-bridge reaction system increased the yield of the whole-cell reaction by 2.5-fold, and the inhibitory (S)-α-MBA produced in the ω-transaminase reaction solution (pH 8.0) moved into the extraction solution (pH 3.0) via an organic solvent.
Efficacy of osthol, a potent coumarin compound, in controlling powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea

The efficacy of osthol, a natural coumarin compound, in controlling powdery mildew was evaluated in 2004–2005 in Anhui and Hebei Provinces of China. In both years, the treatments (osthol 15.0 and 18.0 g ai ha− 1) showed a stable control efficiency of 75.42, 81.24% and 76.36, 84.84%, respectively, at the Institutes of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In field experiments, osthol was as effective as difenoconazole in controlling powdery mildew and was more effective than triadimefon against Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Protection was expressed as a significant reduction (up to 87% compared with the control) in the mildewed leaf area in young pumpkin plants. Osthol strongly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of S. fuliginea in vitro, damaged the cell wall and the organelles of the pathogen. At 48 h after incubation, 50 μg ml− 1 osthol could completely inhibit spore germination. These findings suggested that the effect of osthol on powdery mildew may be associated with the direct fungitoxic property against the pathogen. We conclude that osthol would be an attractive natural compound for practical agronomic use against powdery mildew.
Rapid Emergence of Baculovirus Resistance in Codling Moth Due to Dominant, Sex-Linked Inheritance

Insect-specific baculoviruses are increasingly used as biological control agents of lepidopteran pests in agriculture and forestry, and they have been previously regarded as robust to resistance development by the insects. However, in more than a dozen cases of field resistance of the codling moth Cydia pomonella to commercially applied C. pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) in German orchards, resistance ratios exceed 1000. The rapid emergence of resistance is facilitated by sex-linkage and concentration-dependent dominance of the major resistance gene and genetic uniformity of the virus. When the gene is fixed, resistance levels approach 100,000-fold. Our findings highlight the need for development of resistance management strategies for baculoviruses.
Statistical and spatial properties of forest clutter measured with polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

The purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics of the polarimetric radar clutter collected over various types of vegetation, and to evaluate the potential utility of various measures for classifying vegetated terrain. It utilized airborne radar data collected in October 1988 of pure and mixed stands of jack pine and aspen located in central Minnesota, and data collected in August 1989 of forested areas surrounding Durham, NC. The measured parameters are the polarimetric signature, a statistical distribution shape parameter, and the texture autocorrelation function. A method is presented for calculating the texture autocorrelation from single-look complex SAR imagery. Comparison of parameters from different clutter types at a variety of frequency, polarization, and incidence angle combinations showed that different terrain types exhibit unique polarimetric, statistical, and spatial properties. >
Mass distribution in galaxy clusters: the role of Active Galactic Nuclei feedback

We use 1-kpc resolution cosmological Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) simulations of a Virgo-like galaxy cluster to investigate the effect of feedback from supermassive black holes on the mass distribution of dark matter, gas and stars. We compared three different models: (i) a standard galaxy formation model featuring gas cooling, star formation and supernovae feedback, (ii) a ‘quenching’ model for which star formation is artificially suppressed in massive haloes and finally (iii) the recently proposed active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback model of Booth and Schaye. Without AGN feedback (even in the quenching case), our simulated cluster suffers from a strong overcooling problem, with a stellar mass fraction significantly above observed values in M87. The baryon distribution is highly concentrated, resulting in a strong adiabatic contraction (AC) of dark matter. With AGN feedback, on the contrary, the stellar mass in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) lies below observational estimates and the overcooling problem disappears. The stellar mass of the BCG is seen to increase with increasing mass resolution, suggesting that our stellar masses converge to the correct value from below. The gas and total mass distributions are in better agreement with observations. We also find a slight deficit (∼10 per cent) of baryons at the virial radius, due to the combined effect of AGN-driven convective motions in the inner parts and shock waves in the outer regions, pushing gas to Mpc scales and beyond. This baryon deficit results in a slight adiabatic expansion of the dark matter distribution that can be explained quantitatively by AC theory.
Tissue Distribution of Placental Leucine Aminopeptidase/Oxytocinase During Mouse Pregnancy

Placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), also called oxytocinase, is an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing oxytocin. This enzyme is identical to cystine aminopeptidase. We examined the tissue distribution of P-LAP in normal adult mice and also in mothers and fetuses during mouse pregnancy using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. P-LAP-immunoreactive protein was expressed in various organs in a cell- and gestational stage-dependent manner. In the kidney, P-LAP was located in distal and collecting tubules but not in proximal tubules. The islet of Langerhans in the maternal pancreas stained positively for P-LAP in the periphery in early gestation. This staining pattern changed so that both the periphery and inner cells were positive during mid-gestation and finally only inner cells were positive in late gestation. Among the hematopoietic cells in the fetal liver, only megakaryocytes showed strong expression of P-LAP. The staining intensity increased with gestation on the apical surface of trophoblasts in the placental labyrinth. These data demonstrate that P-LAP is present in a variety of tissues, and its presence is affected by pregnancy and fetal development. Therefore, P-LAP may play a significant role in various physiological processes in non-pregnant, pregnant, and fetal mice.
Event-triggered and self-triggered control for networked control systems with short network-induced delays: A switched system approach

This paper investigates the event-triggered and self-triggered state feedback control problem of networked control systems(NCSs) with short network-induced delays. The proposed switched system modeling method is able to describe the uncertainty and the time-varying characteristics of the network-induced delays well. In this paper, for NCSs with short network-induced delays, we co-design the event-triggered condition, the discrete-time state feedback controller and the corresponding switching rule to maintain the stabilization of such a NCS. The presented event-triggered condition only needs to compare the state information of the adjacent sampling instants instead of the inter-sampling states, which can avoid the Zeno behavior that may cause event to be triggered infinitely within finite time. In addition, we design a self-triggered control strategy for NCSs which is allowed to choose when the next sampling time occurs based on the current sampled states and a priori knowledge about the plant.
Confinement and propagation relations for Zenneck surface waves

This paper discusses electromagnetic surface waves that can exist in connection with a planar interface between two homogenous and isotropic half spaces, of which at least one is lossy. The idea is to unify and extend the classical Zenneck wave analysis into the region of negative permittivities. Several quantities that characterize the properties of the surface wave are discussed and analyzed.