Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotions in second language teaching: theory, research and teacher education

The analysis of naturally-occurring spoken interaction is an area which has attracted growing interest over the last few years. In this issue, Paul Seedhouse reviews Conversation Analysis (CA) and its application to areas of language learning and teaching, including teaching languages for specific purposes, materials design, classroom interaction and proficiency assessment. The author then examines the complex issue of what CA can contribute to the study of ‘learning’ and discusses the contribution of CA as a tool in existing social sciences research methodologies.
Research Questions for a CALL Research Agenda: A Reply to Rafael Salaberry

I am grateful to Rafael Salaberry for his comments on my paper "CALL in the year 2000: Still in search of research paradigms? " takes up the discussion that I hoped the paper would motivate about fundamental issues in CALL research--issues such as what the relevant research questions are, why particular research methods are appropriate, and how CALL research relates to second language acquisition (SLA) research. In the interest of moving the discussion forward, I have responded to each of the points that Salaberry has raised. Points (a) through (e) below are quoted directly from his paper:
A Personal Documenation System for Scholars: A Tool for Thinking

This exploratory research focused on a problem stated years ago by Vannevar Bush: "The problem is how creative men think, and what can be done to help them think. " The study explored the scholarly work process and the use of computer tools to augment thinking. Based on a review of several related literatures, a framework of 7 major categories and 28 subcategories of scholarly thinking was proposed. The literature was used to predict problems scholars have in organizing their information, potential solutions, and specific computer tool features to augment scholarly thinking. Info Select, a personal information manager with most of these features (text and outline processing, sophisticated searching and organizing), was chosen as a potential tool for thinking. The study looked at how six scholars (faculty and doctoral students in social science fields at three universities) organized information using Info Select as a personal documentation system for scholarly work. These multiple case studies involved four in-depth, focused interviews, written evaluations, direct observation, and analysis of computer logs and files collected over a 3- to 6-month period. A content analysis of interviews and journals supported the proposed AfFORD-W taxonomy: Scholarly work activities consisted of Adding, Filing, Finding, Organizing, Reminding, and Displaying information to produce a Written product. Very few activities fell outside this framework, and activities were distributed evenly across all categories. Problems, needs, and likes mentioned by scholars, however, clustered mainly in the filing, finding, and organizing categories. All problems were related to human memory. Both predictions and research findings imply a need for tools that support information storage and retrieval in personal documentation systems, for references and notes, with fast and easy input of source material. A computer tool for thinking should support categorizing and organizing, reorganizing and transporting information. It should provide a simple search engine and support rapid scanning. The research implies the need for tools that provide better affordances for scholarly thinking activities.
Feedback in Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Second Language Acquisition: A study of its effect on the acquisition of French past tense aspect using an Intelligent Language Tutoring System

Questions surrounding the impact of feedback in response to learner error are of interest in the fields of both Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning (ICALL). Current empirical SLA research seeks to ascertain what feedback types have a statistically significant positive impact on the process of acquiring a second language. Similarly, research in ICALL focuses on testing Intelligent Language Tutoring Systems (ILTSs) generally as well as the effectiveness of the feedback that they deliver. Despite this common interest in feedback, to date there has been no significant interdisciplinary research involving the two fields. The experiment reported here seeks to bridge this gap. Using a purpose-built ILTS, we tested the effect of two types of feedback on the acquisition of French past tense aspect among anglophone learners. Inspired by previous work in SLA, Explicit Inductive (EI) and Input Processing (IP) feedback were tested against a control group using a pre test/post test design. The learners completed a transformation and a grammaticality judgment task. For the transformation, they were presented with texts in the present tense and asked to re-write them in the past tense. For the grammaticality judgment, they had to rank the grammaticality of each sentence in a set of texts. In response to errors, EI feedback interpreted the aspectual meaning of the learners’ answer and explicitly told them that it was not the most natural according to the context. In order to encourage formmeaning mapping, IP feedback asked the learners to match their erroneous answer to its interpretation. Two interpretations were presented: one was the target interpretation and the other matched the learner’s answer. Having made their choice, they were then told whether it was correct as well as which interpretation was in fact target-like. The quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the EI and IP feedback was not statistically significant. We argued that this was due to a combined effect of learner level, target structure and feedback.
PROGRAMS AND THEIR PROOFS: AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH,

Abstract : Results are presented of some applications of universal algebra and automata theory to programming problems. A method of defining some functions as homomorphisms instead of giving recursive or iterative definitions is explained. As a demonstration of the use of this approach, a proof of the correctness of a simple compiler for expressions is given. The method of description is closely related to the methods of proving theorems about the objects described. The report includes a section on basic algebraic concepts as background for the applications, and a section in which functions commonly encountered in programming are expressed as homomorphisms. (Author)
Analysis of the unipolar PWM techniques

The unipolar pulsewidth modulation (PWM) techniques with sinusoidal sampling are analysed for single- and three-phase inverters from the point of view of the load voltage spectra, the voltage and the flux (current) distortion factors. It is shown that for single-phase application the unipolar modulation ensures excellent-close to optimised pulse distribution-results, but in case of three-phase three-level inverters with one carrier wave the results are far from the ones produced by the optimised PWM. With three symmetrically shifted carrier waves, better voltage shapes and lower distortion factors can be obtained. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations.
Neural approximators and team theory for dynamic routing: a receding-horizon approach

The problem of optimal dynamic routing of messages in a store-and-forward packet switching network is addressed by a receding-horizon approach. The nodes of the network must make routing decisions on the basis of local information and possibly of some data, received from other nodes and compute their routing strategies by measuring local variables and exchanging a small amount of data with other nodes. These tasks lead to regard the nodes as the cooperating decision makers of a team organization, and call for a computationally distributed algorithm. The well known impossibility of solving team optimal control problems under general conditions suggest two main approximating assumptions: 1) the team optimal control problem is stated in a receding-horizon framework; and 2) each decision maker acting at a node is assigned a given structure in which a finite number of parameters have to be determined in order to minimize the cost function. This makes it possible to approximate the original functional optimization problem by a nonlinear programming one and to compute off line the routing control strategies.
Further Insights by Theoretical Investigations of the Multiscale Arlequin Method

The Arlequin method allows for concurrent multimodel and multiscale analyses of mechanical problems. This method relies on a number of parameters, the rigorous choice of which being an essential issue. Some analyses are carried out in this article and are shown to be helpful for the design of reliable choices. These theortical investigations are enlightened by simple but relevant numerical tests.
Identifikasi Kesulitan Guru IPA Dalam Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 Di SMP Negeri 1 Wonogiri Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015

Learning process in 2013 curriculum was conducted using scientific approach. One of requirements in creating learning 2013 curriculum is by the presence of changing paradigm by the teachers in learning process. This research is aimed to identify the difficulty of science teacher learning in implementing 2013 curriculum in SMP 1 Wonogiri, technique to collect the data are lesson plans documentation, observation class, and interview with science teacher in SMP 1 Wonogiri. The data is collected in the form of descriptive science teacher learning difficulty in implementing 2013 curriculum. The result of the research showed that the teacher difficulties in forming lesson plan are the teacher is hard to form the proper goal of learning (37,5 %), choosing the suitable material (12,5%), choosing and using learning sources optimum (25%), and choosing method/the proper learning model (50%), whereas the difficulty faced by teacher in implementing learning using 2013 curriculum are the teacher has difficulty to do apperception, motivation, and goal of learning (47,92%), mastering learning material (37,50%), doing assesment of learning process and result learning appropriately (47,91%), and implementing steps to close the lesson (50%).
Exploring the Dynamics of Second Language Writing: Genre and ESL/EFL composition instruction

In everyday life, the word “genre” is used for many forms of expression in many contexts. Movie critics refer to certain types of films as “genres”; music fans talk about “rock and roll” and “rap” as “genres. ” There are parodies of genres in a variety of art forms, and there are artists of all types who defy the established generic rules. In literacy studies throughout the world, “genre” has also become an increasingly popular term. In this chapter, I discuss how the term “genre” is currently used in composition studies, and how the various theories of genre influence approaches to classroom teaching, particularly as applicable in English as a second language/English as a foreign language (ESL/EFL) contexts. History and definition of the term With its many applications within our cultures, “genre” has a variety of historical roots. In academic settings, “genre studies” has traditionally referred to analyses of works of literature, such as different types of poetry, novels, and literary essays. In these analyses, conventions of form, style, characterization, plot structure, and other features that distinguish a particular genre are analyzed, as are variations in conventions within a single genre across time. Today, many literature departments still organize their courses around this concept and all that it implies. Recently, the term “genre” has been used to capture the social nature of oral and written discourse by various theorists and practitioners from applied linguistics, especially those working in Systemic Functional Linguistics, English for Specific Purposes, and, in North America, the New Rhetoric, drawing from rich theoretical discussions (e.g., Bakhtin, 1986; Halliday, 1985; Miller, 1984; Swales, 1990).
Reinforcement learning for robots using neural networks

Reinforcement learning agents are adaptive, reactive, and self-supervised. The aim of this dissertation is to extend the state of the art of reinforcement learning and enable its applications to complex robot-learning problems. In particular, it focuses on two issues. First, learning from sparse and delayed reinforcement signals is hard and in general a slow process. Techniques for reducing learning time must be devised. Second, most existing reinforcement learning methods assume that the world is a Markov decision process. This assumption is too strong for many robot tasks of interest. This dissertation demonstrates how we can possibly overcome the slow learning problem and tackle non-Markovian environments, making reinforcement learning more practical for realistic robot tasks: (1) Reinforcement learning can be naturally integrated with artificial neural networks to obtain high-quality generalization, resulting in a significant learning speedup. Neural networks are used in this dissertation, and they generalize effectively even in the presence of noise and a large of binary and real-valued inputs. (2) Reinforcement learning agents can save many learning trials by using an action model, which can be learned on-line. With a model, an agent can mentally experience the effects of its actions without actually executing them. Experience replay is a simple technique that implements this idea, and is shown to be effective in reducing the number of action executions required. (3) Reinforcement learning agents can take advantage of instructive training instances provided by human teachers, resulting in a significant learning speedup. Teaching can also help learning agents avoid local optima during the search for optimal control. Simulation experiments indicate that even a small amount of teaching can save agents many learning trials. (4) Reinforcement learning agents can significantly reduce learning time by hierarchical learning--they first solve elementary learning problems and then combine solutions to the elementary problems to solve a complex problem. Simulation experiments indicate that a robot with hierarchical learning can solve a complex problem, which otherwise is hardly solvable within a reasonable time. (5) Reinforcement learning agents can deal with a wide range of non-Markovian environments by having a memory of their past. Three memory architectures are discussed. They work reasonably well for a variety of simple problems. One of them is also successfully applied to a nontrivial non-Markovian robot task. The results of this dissertation rely on computer simulation, including (1) an agent operating in a dynamic and hostile environment and (2) a mobile robot operating in a noisy and non-Markovian environment. The robot simulator is physically realistic. This dissertation concludes that it is possible to build artificial agents than can acquire complex control policies effectively by reinforcement learning.
An Exploration of Student Internet Use in India: The Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore behavioral processes involved in internet technology acceptance and use with a sample in India, a developing country that can potentially benefit from greater participation in the web economy.Design/methodology/approach – User experience was incorporated into the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict intentions to use the internet as well as self‐reported usage. Data were collected from 269 college students with a questionnaire methodology. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was applied to test each theory, as well as user experience, and the variables' interactive effects on the criterion of internet usage intentions.Findings – Both TAM and TPB were supported in their predictions of internet use intentions and usage. Although a main effect for user experience did not emerge, it did significantly interact with components of both theoretical models, suggesting that it has a complex influence on interne.
Software engineering team diversity and performance

Reflection on software engineering as a sub-discipline within computer science reveals that it is as much about people and teamwork as it is about technical expertise. It is therefore important that a software engineer is not only competent in software development but also able to work effectively in a team. Based on the scholarly literature we derived a simple model for team composition and used it to guide, without coercion, our students during team formation. This research reports on an investigation into the role of personality diversity within teams of tertiary students taking a course in software engineering. Data collected confirms that both personality diversity in teams as well as competence of teams impacts positively on team performance. In contrast to other studies, our research data does not seek to couple personality with appropriate role allocation in the team; rather, our measurement is in respect of "raw" team diversity alone. In this study the correlation between personality diversity and the success of teams were captured at different stages during the development of a software engineering project tackled by the teams. The same was done with correlation between competence and team success. The personality diversity of the teams showed a strong correlation with team success during the inception phase. This correlation however weakened during the course of the year while the correlation between competence and success started slightly weaker than personality diversity during the inception phase, but grew very strong towards the completion of the team projects.
Bis[tris(2‐ammonioethyl)amine] bis(pentafluoridooxidomolybdate) difluoride monohydrate

The first fluoridooxidomolybdate of tris­(2-amino­ethyl)amine (tren), bis­[tris­(2-ammonio­ethyl)amine] bis­(penta­fluorido­oxido­molybdate) difluoride monohydrate, (C6H21N4)2[MoOF5]2F2·H2O, was obtained by solvothermal synthesis using microwave heating from the reaction of molybdenum oxide, tris-2-(aminoethyl)amine, aqueous HF and ethanol at 463 K for 1 h. The structure consists of [MoOF5]2− octa­hedra, isolated fluoride ions, water mol­ecules and triprotonated tren cations. Cohesion is ensured by a network of hydrogen bonds.
Input selection in fuzzy rule-based classification systems

Real-world pattern classification problems usually involve many attributes. In such a pattern classification problem, all attributes are not always necessary for the classification task. That is, when we design a pattern classification system, some attributes may be removable with no deterioration of its performance. The main aim of this paper is to describe how the number of attributes can be reduced when we design a fuzzy rule-based classification system. We use a simple stepwise input selection mechanism: first the most important two attributes are selected by the examination of all combinations, then the next best attribute is added sequentially. By computer simulations on well-known real-world test problems with many continuous attributes, the performance of the fuzzy rule-based classification system designed by the input selection mechanism is examined. Simulation results clearly show that a small number of selected attributes have high classification ability for many real-world test problems.
Data Mining Methods

Preface / List of Figures / List of Tables / Basic Concepts in Data Mining / Data Visualisation Techniques / Probability and Statistics / Datawarehousing and OLAP / Decision Trees / Association Rules / Cluster Analysis / Genetic Algorithms / Neural Networks / Web Mining / Support Vector Machines / Latent Semantic Indexing / Appendix-A / Solution to Selected Exercises / Index.
CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION AND TEMPORAL BISECTION IN RATS

In conditional discrimination, an animal do or do not responds during a conditioned stimulusif this stimulus was or was not preceded by a conditional stimulus of another sensorialmodality. The aim of this work was to investigate if two durations (4 or 16 s) of a samemodality stimulus can also acquire the conditional property of modulating rat’s responsesduring a 5 s conditioned stimulus. A 5 s empty interval was included between the conditionaland the conditioned stimuli, so as to evaluate the durations processing by short-term memory.All the rats of the experiment learned the task. Then, the rats were tested in a temporalbisection procedure, presenting conditional stimuli in several intermediate durations between4 and 16 s. We obtained a typical temporal bisection function indicating that duration’srepresentation can modulate rat’s responses even if temporally separated from the responseopportunity.
HebbNets: Dynamic network with Hebbian learning rule

It has been demonstrated that one of the most striking features of the nervous system, the so called ’plasticity’ (i.e high adaptability at different structural levels) is primarily based on Hebbian learning which is a collection of slightly different mechanisms that modify the synaptic connections between neurons. The changes depend on neural activity and assign a special dynamic behavior to the neural networks. From a structural point of view, it is an open question what network structures may emerge in such dynamic structures under ’sustained’ conditions when input to the system is only noise. In this paper we present and study the ‘HebbNets’, networks with random noise input, in which structural changes are exclusively governed by neurobiologically inspired Hebbian learning rules. We show that Hebbian learning is able to develop a broad range of network structures, including scale-free small-world networks.
The Forex Regime and EMU Expansion

This paper provides evidence that the choice of the foreign exchange regime is not of first order importance for achieving high output growth. It is argued that due to the forward looking nature of the foreign exchange market, exchange rate stability hinges on the current and anticipated coherency of monetary and fiscal policies. We demonstrate this empirically on a panel including potential EMU accession countries. By means of rank regression analysis we uncover the partial links across the regime specifics of the representative country versus the German regime during the 1990s.