Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey on endoparasites of Clarias gariepinus in some selected fish farms in Owerri west local government area of Imo state , Nigeria

The present study was carried out in three different pond locations in Owerri West (namely Beliorck aquatic limited Obinze as Pond A, Eddvic integrated farm limited Ihiagwa as Pond B and Urban fish farm Avu as Pond C), to identify, determine and compare the prevalence of Endo-parasites of Clarias gariepinus. Of the 60 Clarias gariepinus samples analyzed and examined for Endo-parasites by taking a smear of their internal organs for examinations using staining method (Giemsa stain), 5 Endo-parasites were identified and isolated belonging to 3 taxas namely Nematode: Contracaecum sp (11.67%), Camallanus sp (48.33%), Protozoa: Cryptobia iubilans (40%), Trypanosoma sp (35%), Acanthocephalans: Acanthocephalus sp (21.67%). Pond C was found to harbour higher number of Endoparasites than pond A and pond B. The intestine, stomach, liver and kidney were examined for Endoparasites of which the stomach (with Pond A 60%, Pond B 40% and Pond C 80%) accounted as the organs with the most Endo-parasitic invasion. Bigger fishes were observed to harbor higher Endoparasites than the smaller ones.
Intraspecific variation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA in Withania somnifera (Linn.) Dunal

Intraspecific variation in ITS regions of the rDNA among the five wild and five cultivated genotypes of Withania somnifera, were evaluated at nucleotide sequence level using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region was first amplified by PCR and then cleaved with four different restriction enzymes (EcoRV, Hinf I, Afa I & Hae III). Restriction endonuclease digests, types, and sequence length composition of ITS 1 and ITS 2 of nuclear ribosomal DNA provided discrete differences between the cultivated and wild genotypes. A 710 bp single amplified product was obtained in all the five wild genotypes whereas, two ITS bands named as ITS type A and B of 709 bp and 552 bp, respectively were obtained in the five cultivated genotypes. A single deletion at 672 position was noted in ITS type A of cultivated genotypes. There was no restriction site in 552 bp ITS band for all the four restriction enzymes used. The variation of ITS at amplification as well as digestion level is in conformity with morphological and phytochemical differences in W. somnifera genotypes.
Contemporary approaches to sustainable development: Exploring critical innovations in traditional leadership in Ghana

The paper examines the complexities between traditional and political leadership, science and technology and sustainable development in the context of developing countries. Particular resource information was drawn from Ghana’s experience. Available literature was also reviewed. The participatory methodology was used for data collection. This included Literature review or review of existing research data, Community forum, Focus group discussions, Interview of key informants and Community cafes. Key informants including chiefs, researchers, and community opinion leaders were interviewed on their perception on how science, technology and tradition can co-exist to demystify the issues of sustainable development in the rich cultural Ghanaian societies. Descriptive sampling design was used and covered various communities of Ghana. A sample size of 500, making up 100 households of about 5 people, were sampled for their views, comments and perceptions on indigenous knowledge, traditional leadership, environmental best practices. The sampling procedures employed included incidental, purposive, snowballing and cluster to identify floating respondents, groups and key informants through identification by friends, colleagues and neighbours. It was identified that both traditional and national politics have critical roles to play in ensuring sustainable development, as they stand a greater chance to demystify the misconceptions about science within the rich cultural environments of the Ghanaian society. Chiefs, Queen mothers and elders of Ghana’s traditional societies are actively contributing to sustainable development through best practices, education and advocacy and drives towards a safer and productive environment and its resources. Adopting a closer bottom-to-up approach to development was identified as a pragmatic step to ensuring an environmentally safe and productive development that applies science and technology to provide the needs of the present and future generations. Key words: Society, tradition, leadership, governance, sustainable development, indigenous knowledge.
Improvements in student spatial visualization in an introductory engineering graphics course using open-ended design projects supported by 3-D printed manipulatives

This work-in-progress reports changes in development of Spatial Visualization (SV) skills in students taking a first semester Engineering Design Graphics course modified to integrate geometric design modules supported by manipulative production through 3D printing. The ability to imagine three dimensional objects, to visualize them in rotated states, and to subsequently communicate them in 2D (sketches) and 3D space (virtual solid models) is a critical skill for engineers, and a large body of research has shown that the development of these skills is indicative of student success and persistence in engineering. Thus a course that due to its non-mathematical nature is often perceived as non-critical, in practice has demonstrated to be of high importance, as it is where decisions for exiting the program are made.
Comparison of the Psychological Capital of Founders and Their Employed Top Management

Since March 2015, an international research team of seven academics from Germany, Sweden, France and Chile has been investigating “adolescent” organizations in regard to their corporate culture and leadership, communication, and cooperation practices. The average age of all examined organizations was 5 years, with a minimum lifetime of 2 years, and a maximum of 7 years. One general research interest was to contribute to a better understanding of the typical challenges young organizations face, once they’ve moved past the initial start-up phase successfully. Interesting, but unexpected findings emerged as soon as the first quantitative and qualitative data had been collected and analyzed, which gave reason for the setup of this specific research study. A particularly surprising result was obtained through investigation of to the psychometric of the founders of the young companies:
Carbohydrate as Fuel for Foraging, Resource Defense and Colony Growth – a Long‐term Experiment with the Plant‐ant Crematogaster nigriceps

Mismatches in nutrient composition (e.g., protein, carbohydrates, lipids, etc.) between consumers and the resources they depend on can have ecological consequences, affecting traits from individual behavior to community structure. In many terrestrial ecosystems, ants depend on plant and insect mutualist partners for carbohydrate‐rich rewards that are nutritionally unbalanced (especially in protein) relative to colony needs. Despite imbalances, many carbohydrate‐feeding ant mutualists dominate communities—both competitively and numerically—raising the question of whether excess carbohydrates ‘fuel’ colony acquisition of limiting resources and growth. In a 10‐month field study, we manipulated carbohydrate access for the obligate plant‐ant Crematogaster nigriceps to test whether carbohydrate availability could be mechanistically linked to ecological dominance via heightened territory defense, increased protein foraging, and colony growth. Supplementation increased aggressive defense of hosts after only two weeks, but was also strongly linked to variation in rainfall. Contrary to predictions, we did not find that supplemented colonies increased protein foraging. Instead, colonies with reduced carbohydrate access discovered a greater proportion of protein baits, suggesting that carbohydrate deprivation increases foraging intensity. We found no significant effect of carbohydrate manipulation on brood or alate production. These results contrast with findings from several recent short‐term and lab‐based nutrient supplementation studies and highlight the role of seasonality and biotic context in colony‐foraging and reproductive decisions. These factors may be essential to understanding the consequences of carbohydrate access in natural plant‐ant systems.
Spectrofluorometric characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a surface microlayer in the Southern Baltic coastal waters

This paper presents results of characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) using fluorescence spectroscopy in the surface microlayers (SML) and subsurface layers (SS) in the Baltic Sea. Samples for spectroscopic measurements were collected during five research cruises in April/May and October 2013 and 2014 in a surface microlayer and a subsurface layer at a depth of 1 m along two transects from the river outlets to the open sea. The first transect was located from the Vistula River outlet to the Gdansk Deep and the second transect was located ´ from the Łeba River outlet to Slupsk Furrow. Results indicated that DOM fluorescence intensity in the SML is higher by 20% compared to the SS. The Humification Index, HIX values were lower in SML than SS by 13%. That indicates that SML is depleted in molecules with high molecular weight and higher aromaticy. The inverse relationship of fluorescence intensity of dominant peaks with salinity both in SML and SS suggests that FDOM variability is regulated mostly by terrestrial DOM input.
Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of different UHT milk available in a local market.

The aim of the study was to diagnose physiochemical, microbiological, sensorial changes and to differentiate the milk collection systems of the commercial milk market competitor during storage of twelve weeks. The parameters used for physicochemical analysis are; sedimentation, Solids Non Fats (SNF), fat and protein percentages, total titratable acidity and pH and for microbiological analysis; Total plate, coliform, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilus, Escherichia coli and spore forming bacterial count were determined. Color, taste and aroma were observed during storage. The results strongly reflect an increase in sedimentation value with the ice mixing or dilution before processing which disturbed the salt balance, protein charges and natural emulsion. There was increase in acidity and sedimentation of milk but pH, percentages of fat contents, SNF (Solids Non Fats) and proteins decreased during storage. The negative changes occurred in color, aroma and flavor with reference to these physiochemical changes. Microbial counts for coliforms (e.g. E.coli), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and heat resistant spores forming bacteria were zero. These all factors collectively limited the shelf life of UHT milk.
Corporate Governance & Auditor Choice in Malaysia

The aim of this paper is to investigate the determinants of firm’s auditor choice in Malaysia in respect of their corporate governance mechanisms. A logit regression model was developed to test the impact of firms’ internal corporate governance mechanism on auditor choice decisions made by public listed companies listed on main board of Bursa Malaysia from year 2006 to 2015. Five variables are used to proxy for firm’s internal corporate mechanism which are the ownership concentration, the duality of CEO and chairman of BOD, the size of audit committee, the size of BOD and the number of independent directors on the board. All auditors in Malaysia were classified into Big Four and non-Big Four, assuming Big Four auditors can provide higher quality audit services. The final result show that firms with less concentrated ownership, with larger size of audit committee, larger size of the BOD, with lower proportion of independent directors on the board, or in which CEO and BOD’s chairman are not the same person are more likely to hire a high-quality auditor. Hence, it suggests that when benefits from lowering capital raising costs are trivial, firms with good corporate governance mechanism are prone to choose a high-quality auditor.
Motion and collision of particles in a rotating linear dilaton black hole

We study the motion of particles in the background of a four-dimensional linear dilaton black hole. We solve analytically the equations of motion of the test particles, and we describe their motion. We show that the dilaton black hole acts as a particle accelerator by analyzing the energy in the center of mass frame of two colliding particles in the vicinity of its horizon. In particular, we find that there is a critical value of the angular momentum, which depends on the string coupling, and a particle with this critical angular momentum can reach the inner horizon with an arbitrarily high c.m. energy. This is known as the Ba\~nados, Silk, and West process. We also show that the motion and collisions of particles have behavior similar to the three-dimensional Ba\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole. In fact, the photons can plunge into the horizon or escape to infinity, and they cannot be deflected, while for massive particles there are no confined orbits of the first kind, like planetary or circular orbits.
Investigation of High School Students' Reading Compherension Levels According to Various Variables.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of reading comprehension of high school students in their fields of study and learning strategies to explain the relationship between the level of reading comprehension. This working group is composed of 11th grade high school students. In this study, relational model was used. In the study group 155 male and 85 female students are included. Ozturk's "General Learning Strategies Assessment Scale" developed by the researcher and "Reading Comprehension Test" was used to collect data. According to the findings, no significant differences were found in high school students' reading comprehension levels of gender. Students’ achievement and learning strategies and significant relationship were found between the levels of reading comprehension. Key words: Reading comprehension, learning strategies, achievement, gender, branch.
Accounting Conservatism and Bankruptcy Risk

For a large sample of U.S. listed firms, we find that unconditional and conditional accounting conservatism help lower bankruptcy risk. We further find that the mitigating effect of accounting conservatism on bankruptcy risk functions via cash enhancement and earnings management mitigation channels. This evidence is relevant to accounting standards setting, financial regulation, financial risk management, and helps explain conservatism’s long-standing presence as a pervasive feature of financial accounting.
Vertical Migration of Gold-spot Herring ( Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus ) Larvae on Sofala Bank, Mozambique

Vertical larval fish movement influences their survival and dispersal, hence recruitment variability. This study presents the vertical behaviour of gold-spot herring ( Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus ) larvae observed on the Sofala Bank (Mozambique) throughout a 48-hour period when depth-stratified samples were taken every 2 h, together with CTD profiles, at a fixed station. Their ontogenetic variation was also investigated. Larval catches were greater at dusk and night, probably due to net avoidance during dawn and day periods. Generally, larvae were concentrated in the first 20 m of the water column, though larger larvae were most abundant in the neuston at dusk and night, and smaller larvae frequented the deeper strata up to 20 m. The results are discussed in terms of vertical migration, ontogenic changes, and net avoidance. Keywords: fish larvae, diel vertical migration, ontogeny, net avoidance.
Emotional Laour in Teaching Secondary Physical Education

Background: Teaching physical education is an emotion-laden context which requires physical education teachers to engage in emotional labor in order to foster their well-being, as well as student’s outcomes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictability of emotional labour strategies on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion among secondary physical education teachers in South Korea. Specifically, the four forms of emotional labour (i.e., surface acting, deep acting, genuine positive expression, and genuine negative expression) were hypothesized to have different influences on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Method: A total of 225 full-time physical education teachers were invited to participate in the paper-pencil survey. The questionnaires contained items measuring the four forms of emotional labour, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction which had been modified to fit the physical education setting. Results: The results indicated that surface acting, genuine positive expression, and genuine expression was significantly associated with emotional exhaustion whereas only genuine positive expression was significantly associated with job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Finally, emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between surface acting and job satisfaction, genuine positive expression and job satisfaction, and genuine negative expression and job satisfaction. Conclusion: These results suggest that emotional labour plays a critical role on physical education teachers’ well-being and job attitude. Keywords : emotional regulation, physical education teacher, genuine expression, Asian culture, surface acting
Is 'tagging' a rationale for affirmative action in education?

The paper quantifies the effects on violence and police activity of the Pacifying Police Unit program (UPP) in Rio de Janeiro and the possible geographical spillovers caused by this policy. This program consists of taking selected shantytowns controlled by criminals organizations back to the State. The strategy of the policy is to dislodge the criminals and then settle a permanent community-oriented police station in the slum. The installation of police units in these slums can generate geographical spillover effects to other regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro. We use the interrupted time series approach proposed by Gonzalez-Navarro (2013) to address effects of a police when there is contagion of the control group and we find that criminal outcomes decrease in areas of UPP and in areas near treated regions. Furthermore, we build a model which allows to perform counterfactuals of this policy and to estimate causal effects in other areas of the State of Rio de Janeiro outside the city.
Examining the Factors Influencing Child Stunting Among Rural Households in Zambia: The Case of Sinda District

This study was conducted to assess the factors affecting stunting in young children 6 to 60 months in rural households of Sinda district of Eastern Zambia. Data were collected from a hundred and thirty four (134) mothers and their youngest child using a household questionnaire. The study also implemented qualitative approaches to conduct 4 Focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The respondents were purposively identified and interviewed. Analytical techniques employed included; descriptive statistics to determine prevalence of stunting and describe household characteristics. A linear regression model was employed to examine the determinants of child stunting among households surveyed. The study revealed that 50% of children were stunted but at different levels. Therefore, 23.9% of the children surveyed were severely stunted and 26.1% were moderately stunted. Among the variables determining children stunting, household income, maternal education, food insecurity status and mother's participation in nutrition training and child dietary diversity were found to significantly affect child stunting. Keywords: Stunting, dietary diversity, Sinda, Zambia
Effect of Trimetazidine on Left Ventricular Function in Heart Failure Secondary to Ischemic Heart Disease

Background: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of heart failure. This study was conducted to see the effect of Trimetazidine on left ventricular function in heart failure secondary to ischemic heart disease. Material & Methods: This study was conducted at Pharmacology Department, Gomal Medical College, D.I. Khan from 1st February 2007 to 1st February 2009. Sixty-three patients with heart failure secondary to ischemic heart disease were randomized into two groups; 31 in Trimetazidine group, and 32 in conventional therapy group. All patients underwent assessment for New York Heart Association functional class. Echocardiography was performed to measure the Left ventricular function at start and at 3 months. The primary outcome was improvement in LV function. While the secondary end point was improvement in NYHA functional class. Results: Out of 63 patients, 46(73.02%) were males and 17(26.98%) females. The mean age in Trimetazidine group was 62.2±12.9 and conventional group 64.4±6.6 years. Treatment with Trimetazidine resulted in significant reduction in left ventricular end diastolic dimensions from 71.7±4.1mm to 68.1±6.8mm as compared to conventional group with an increase from 73.3±3.6mm to 74.8±6.1mm, p<0.001. Left ventricular end systolic dimensions reduced significantly in Trimetazidine group from 58.97±5.8mm to 54.3±7.89mm as compared to conventional group from 61±5.8mm to 62.3±8.9mm, p<0.001. There was significant improvement in ejection fraction in Trimetazidine group from 32.4±7.2% to 36.7±9.1% as compared to conventional group from 30.7±9.2% to 30.9±10.5%, p=0.022. NYHA functional class reduced significantly in Trimetazidine group from 2.74±0.44 to 2±0.52 and in conventional group from 2.66±0.48 to 2.81±0.54, p<0.001. Conclusion: Trimetazidine improves left ventricular function with resultant improvement in NYHA functional class in patients with heart failure secondary to ischemic heart disease.
Surging, accelerating surface lowering and volume reduction of the Malaspina Glacier system, Alaska, USA, and Yukon, Canada, from 1972 to 2006

Abstract Near-concurrent surges and multi-decadal surface-elevation changes on the Malaspina Glacier system Alaska, USA, and Yukon, Canada, were investigated using digital elevation models and laser altimetry from airborne and space-borne sensors. Surface-elevation changes on Seward Lobe in two time periods support a hypothesis of moraine folding by a mechanism of sequential surges alternating from southeast to south-southwest. The near-concurrent surges of Agassiz, Lower Seward and Marvine glaciers support a hypothesis of englacial water storage being a critical factor of surging. Acceleration of area-average surface lowering on the piedmont glaciers occurred, from 1.5 ± 0.1 m a−1 between 1972 and 1999 to 2.3 ± 0.3 m a−1 between 1999 and 2002. On the western half of Upper Seward Glacier, above 1600 m, acceleration of surface lowering occurred from 2000 to 2003 relative to that from 1976 to 2000, indicating an effect from the surge of Lower Seward Glacier. From 2003 to 2006, the rate of surface lowering on Upper Seward Glacier has moderated back to the pre-2000 rate, indicating a recovery of surface elevation following the surge. From 1972 to 2002, the Malaspina Glacier system lost 156 ± 19 km3 (ice equivalent) on an area of 3661 km2.