Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the robustness of voting systems under various models of noise

While the study of election theory is not a new field in and of itself, recent research has applied various concepts in computer science to the study of social choice theory, which includes election theory. From a security perspective, it is pertinent to investigate how stable election systems are in the face of noise, disruption, and manipulation. Recently, work related to computational election systems has also been of interest to artificial intelligence researchers, where it is incorporated into the decision-making processes of distributed systems. The quantitative analysis of a voting rule’s resistance to noise is the robustness, the probability of how likely the outcome of the election is to change given a certain amount of noise. Prior research has studied the robustness of voting rules under very small amounts of noise, e.g. swapping the ranking of two adjacent candidates in one vote. Our research expands upon this previous work by considering a more disruptive form of noise: an arbitrary reordering of an entire vote. Given k noise disruptions, we determine how likely the election is to remain unchanged (the k-robustness) by relating the k-robustness to the 1-robustness. We can thereby provide upper and/or lower bounds on the robustness of voting rules; specifically, we examine five well-established rules: scoring rules (a general class of rules, containing Borda, plurality, and veto, among others), Copeland, Maximin (also known as Minimax or Simpson–Kramer), Bucklin, and plurality with runoff.
NUMERICAL COUPLING FOR AIR FLOW COMPUTATIONS IN COMPLEX ARCHITECTURES

The numerical simulation of air flow in a building or a house is certainly a very challenging field of engineering applications. The objectives differ from one applica- tion to the other, ranging from the optimization of air conditioning systems in buildings to the study of the propagation of harmful products via the air conditioning system. With the recent developments in numerical techniques, it is now possible to carry out, in a reasonable amount of time, a complex three dimensional adaptive simulation based on efficient mesh adaptation algorithms, accurate error estimates, robust and accurate pro- jection methods for solving Navier-Stokes PDE's. In this paper, we address the problem of computing the temperature distribution inside a complex geometry featuring various industrial buildings. We present some tools to make the simulations easier and faster. The method is fairly general and applies to other cases as well. Furthermore, we illustrate the natural convection problem on a single room and another example treated here is the heating of the last floor of a two-storeyed furnished house.
Scrimitore How to compete ? Cournot vs . Bertrand in a vertical structure with an integrated input supplier

We study whether a quantity or a price contract is chosen at equilibrium by one integrated firm and its retail competitor in a differentiated duopoly. Using a similar vertical structure, Arya et al. (2008) showed that Bertrand competition is more profitable than Cournot competition, which contrasts with conventional wisdom. In this paper, we first demonstrate that such a result is robust to the endogenous determination of the type of contract. Second, by introducing managerial incentives in the model, we find that delegation to managers entails conflicting choices of the strategic variable by the two firms as long as products are sufficiently differentiated, causing non-existence of equilibrium in pure strategies. Significantly high product substitutability reconciles firms’ objectives under delegation, leading unique or multiple equilibria with symmetric types of contracts to arise. JEL codes: D43, L13, L21
Holocene paleoclimatic reconstruction based on the Lagoa Dourada deposits, southern Brazil

The Lagoa Dourada is a circular-shaped pond formed on the Furnas Formation (Devonian of the Parana Basin), filled by late Pleistocene - Holocene sediments. It lies in the hydrographic basin of the Guabiroba River, a tributary of the Tibagi River situated in the Campos Gerais region of the State of Parana, southern Brazil. The pond is about 200 m in diameter and the maximum water depth is 5.4 m. Geological, chemical, textural and mineralogical studies on a core sample of the sediments collected from the Lagoa Dourada, 12.2 m thick, was obtained for investigations of paleoenvironmental changes as well as to provide additional data to support previous reconstructions based on palynomorphs and diatoms. Within the period recorded in the core, the pond has been filled by sandy material introduced by springs at the northern edge of the pond as well as by muddy material brought in by floodwaters of the Guabiroba River. Thus, the sandy layers could be interpreted as evidence of drier climates with consequent diminution of fluvial overflow, but with maintenance of the sandy deposits coming from springs. The occurrence of euhedral pyrite in the sediments, locally associated with gypsum, may indicate periods of increase in the organic matter content or an increase in the water salinity, what could be related to greater evaporation under drier paleoclimate regimes. Three "cycles" defined by an increase in the total carbon content of the sediments of the pond were observed. These cycles seem to correspond to an increase in the isotope ratio 13C /12C (d13C). Several hypotheses can be suggested to explain the presence of these "cycles", including the alternation of wetter or drier climatic phases. The convergence of the sedimentological data obtained during this study with previous microfossil paleoclimatic (pollens and diatoms) indicators and radiocarbon dating suggests that a drier paleoclimatic phase occurred around 8720±150 years B.P. The evidence for a second drier phase in more recent times is less consistent. This subsequent phase could correspond to the drier phase in southern and southeastern Brazil between 5000 and 3000 years B.P. as suggested by other paleoclimatic studies.
Permeability, Diffusion and Solubility of Gases in Polyethylene, Polyamide 11 and Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)

The gases transport coefficients, permeability, diffusion and solubility, are determined by the time lag method on a specific permeation cell. Three semicrystalline polymers, polyethylene (PE), polyamide 11 (PA11) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2), are studied in the presence of helium (He), argon (Ar), nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) for temperatures ranging from 40 to 80°C in the case of PE, and from 70 to 130°C for both other materials. The applied pressures are, in the majority of tests, of 10 MPa for He, Ar, N2 and CH4, and of 4 MPa for CO2, except in some particular cases where the influence of pressure was studied. In the case of PE, the influence of the volume fraction of the amorphous phase, ranging from 0. 21 to 0. 70, the influence of temperature and the influence of the nature of the gas on the transport processes are investigated. Also, the independence of these phenomena related to pressure and sample thickness, between 0. 5 and 6 mm, is shown. For PA11, after determining the influence of temperature and of the nature of the gas used, the effect of the plasticizer incorporation in this polymer was studied. Regarding PVF2, apart the classic parameters that are temperature and the kind of gas used, we compare the coefficients of transport of CH4 and CO2 in PVF2 made up by extrusion or by compression moulding. For each polymer, it is shown that permeability, diffusion and solubility depend on temperature following Arrhenius' laws. It also seems that diffusion is directly related to the gases molecule size and that the solubility coefficient can be linked to the epsilon/K gases parameter. The comparison of the results obtained with the available data in the literature seems satisfactory.
Assessment of the Efficacy of Interventions for the Treatment of Sleep Respiratory Disorder in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review

Address for Correspondence/Yazışma Adresi: Hilal Uysal MD, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 212 440 00 00 E-mail: hilaluysal@gmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3211-7011 Cite this article as/Atıf: Uysal H, Oruçoğlu HB. Assessment of the Efficacy of Interventions for the Treatment of Sleep Respiratory Disorder in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review. İstanbul Med J 2019; 20(3): 176-87.
The influence of various leguminous seed diets on carcass and meat quality of fa�ening pigs

Two trials were designed to determine the quality of pig carcasses, chemical composition and physical indicators of meat and fa�y acid composition of backfat. Growing pigs were offered adequate diets containing field beans (20–25%), sweet lupines (15–20%) or extruded soybeans (18–15.4%) instead of soybean or sunflower oil meal (control). The weight and length of the carcass, dressing percentage, weight of ham, chemical composition and physical indicators of meat of pigs fed diets with different leguminous seeds did not differ significantly from those of pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed diets containing field beans had 5.7–8.2 mm lower backfat thickness, while pigs fed extruded soybeans had 6.6–7.9% smaller loin lean area and 4.57% lower content of oleic acid in the backfat, but the content of linoleic acid was 5.11% higher.
Demographic Changes , Household Savings and Economic Growth in All China : A Time-Series Approach

This paper investigates the effects of population age structure and economic growth on the household saving rate in China and examines whether life cycle hypothesis (LCH) holds in the country like China, where LCH may be less applicable. By applying two popular time series econometric techniques (cointegration technique and vector error correction model), the author examines the long-run convergence between household saving rate, age structure of population and GDP growth in all China from 1963 to 2006. The empirical findings can be summarized as follows. Firstly, there exists a long-run steady-state relationship between them. Secondly, both the youth dependency ratio and old dependency ratio have a negative and significant impact on the household saving rate, while the GDP growth rate have a positive effect on the household saving rate. Therefore, the results support the life cycle hypothesis (LCH). Thirdly, with regards to the vector error correction model (VECM), the estimation results show that all variables expect youth dependency ratio (YDR) will not have a significant adjustment to a new equilibrium if there is a disturbance occurred in the whole system.
Prenatal Care Behaviors Status among Pregnant Women Using by BASNEF Model

Article history: Received: 15 Nov 2012 Accepted: 26 Dec 2012 Available online: 29 July 2013 ZJRMS 2014 Oct; 16(Suppl 1): 68-70 Background: The aim of the study was to determine the prenatal care behaviors status among pregnant women using by BASNEF model. Materials and Methods: This Descriptive-Analytical study was carried out on 360 pregnant women in their 28th-42th week of pregnancy, attending health care centers for the study using random sampling selection method. Data-gathering tools consisted of a 2part questionnaire: demographic variables and one scales for measuring prenatal care based on the BASNEF constructs. Inferential and descriptive statistics via SPSS-16 software was used for data analysis. Results: The subjects reported 92.5, 94.3, 62.7, 73.4 and 90.2% of receivable scores of attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention, enabling factors and prenatal care behaviors scores, respectively. In liner regression, factors influencing prenatal care behaviors were subjective norms, intention and enabling factors (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the results, status of prenatal care behaviors are related meaningfully indicating that pregnant women should be considered as vulnerable group. Copyright © 2014 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Effect of Phospho-gypsum on reduction of methane emission from rice paddy soil

Phospho-gypsum, a primary waste by-product in phosphate fertilizer manufacturing industry and a potential source of electron acceptors, such as mainly of sulfate and a trace amount of iron and manganese oxides, was selected as soil amendment for reducing methane (CH4) emissions during rice cultiva- tion. The selected amendment was added into potted soils at the rate of 0, 2, 10, and 20 Mg ha -1 before rice transplanting. CH4 flux from the potted soil with rice plant was measured along with soil Eh and floodwater pH during the rice cultivation period. CH4 emission rates measured by closed chamber method decreased with increasing levels of phospho-gypsum application, but rice yield markedly increased up to 10 Mg ha -1 of the amendment. At this amendment level, total CH4 emissions were reduced by 24% along with 15% rice grain yield increment over the control. The decrease in total CH4 emission may be attributed due to shifting of electron flow from methanogenesis to sulfate reduction under anaerobic soil conditions.
Environmental significance of freshets in reducing Perkinsus marinus infection in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica: potential management applications

The effects of extreme freshwater events on Perkinsus marinus-Crassostrea virginica in- teractions remain unexplored. The effects of freshwater events on P. marinus infection in C. virginica and oyster survival were therefore examined in controlled laboratory experiments and a field study. For the laboratory experiments, oysters were collected in spring, summer and winter from an area in Louisiana where P. marinus is endemic. Oysters were placed in 2 recirculating water systems at a salinity and tem- perature similar to their collection site. They were subjected to 2 salinity treatments (freshet and control). Freshet events were simulated by reducing the water to salinities of 0 to 1 ppt over a 48 h period, and maintained for a 21 d period. Control oysters were maintained at the initial salinity. Thirty oysters were sampled prior to the freshet event, and 30 oysters per treatment group (freshet, control) were sampled on Days 7, 14 and 21 after initiation of the freshet event. Oyster mortality, P. marinus infection intensi- ties, oyster condition index and oyster plasma osmolality were measured in weekly samples. All 3 simulated freshet events (i.e. spring, summer, winter) resulted in a significant reduction in P. marinus infection intensity, but failed to eliminate infection. The failure of the oyster plasma to reach very low osmolality (<50 mOsm kg -1 ) provides a likely explanation for the lack of complete P. marinus elimina- tion. The field study involved sampling oysters monthly in the Caloosahatchee estuary, Florida, from September 2000 to February 2002, and determining P. marinus weighted prevalence and condition index of wild oysters, and growth and survival of caged juvenile oysters. The data strongly support the contention that the numerous freshwater releases to the Caloosahatchee River kept P. marinus infection intensities in oysters at low levels, resulting in an overall low weighted prevalence, low oyster mortality and good growth. Data from our field study appear to support the hypothesis that repetitive and well-timed freshet events can prevent infection of oysters with P. marinus or at least maintain P. marinus infections at non-lethal intensities (e.g. <10 6 parasites g -1 wet tissue) in oyster populations. The use of an adaptive management approach involving control of freshwater inflows could be invaluable to the oyster industry in areas close to freshwater diversion projects.
An empirical model of search with vertically differentiated products

This paper presents a non-sequential search model that allows for vertical product differentiation. In the unique symmetric equilibrium firms with different characteristics draw utilities from a common utility distribution, resulting in asymmetric price distributions. The model therefore provides a theoretical rationale for explaining price dispersion as a result of quality differences and search frictions together. More specifically, the model can explain the frequent and asymmetric price changes reported in several empirical papers, but also why some firms have persistently higher prices than others. Using the equilibrium conditions derived from the model, we show how to estimate search costs by maximum likelihood using only prices. The method is applied to a data set of prices for grocery items from supermarkets in the UK. Estimates reveal that most of the observed price variation can be explained by supermarket heterogeneity and that the estimated amount of search is low in this market. We show that ignoring vertical product differentiation results in an overestimation of search costs. Moreover, estimated search costs using a basket of organic items are on average higher than that of a similar non-organic basket. We also simulate how changes in search costs will affect behavior of stores and consumers.
Moisture Modeling : Effective Moisture Penetration Depth Versus Effective Capacitance

This paper compares two moisture models in the context of residential whole-building simulations—the effective moisture penetration depth (EMPD) model and the effective capacitance (EC) model. Previous research has shown that the EMPD model provides a more physically realistic response to humidity-load fluctuations than the EC model. But it is unclear how the choice of moisture model affects overall conclusions informing building design and equipment selection. In this study, the models are evaluated based on their ability to predict relative humidity, predict energy use, and to select HVAC equipment. Whole building simulations indicate that the EC and EMPD models are not equivalent, and that combining the capacitance of the building materials with the indoor air capacitance in the EC model is the root cause of this discrepancy. It means that the EC model cannot dampen humidity loads of different frequencies. This study also showed that a simulation using a certain value of EC in one city can agree with the EMPD results, but that the same EC value in a different city may not agree with the EMPD results. However, the results showed that some conclusions drawn from simulations using the EMPD model and the EC model may often be the same, even if the results differ.
Personality and the creativity of frontline service employees: linear and curvilinear effects

Abstract Previous studies have investigated the relationship between the Five-Factor model of personality and creativity. As this model has been criticised for providing a limited account of an individual’s personality, this study considers additional personality traits that have recently been investigated in the literature as determinants of employee behaviour. Moreover, we also contribute to the existing body of literature by conducting this study in a service setting, for which we predict personality traits will exert differentiated effects on creativity when compared to other settings. Finally, while past research has focused on linear effects, this study examines the existence of non-linear effects between personality and creativity. The results indicate that personality traits apart from the Five-Factor model have an impact on creativity and that the effects of several personality traits on the creativity of frontline service employees differ from those obtained in other settings. Lastly, the findings also show that five of the personality traits have non-linear effects on creativity, and this may be a stimulus for a new stream of research in the human resources literature.
Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on breeding success in a long lived seabird

There is growing concern over the impacts of climate change on animal species. Many studies have demonstrated impacts of climate change at the population level, and density dependent effects of climate are frequently reported. However, there is an increasing recognition of the differential impact of such factors on individuals since there is marked variation in individual performance. We investigated the relationships between breeding success and environmental conditions (winter NAO and one year lagged winter NAO) and intrinsic effects (colony size, pair bond duration, past breeding success rate) in the northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis, using data from a long-term study commenced in 1950. There was a negative trend in breeding success over time, and a negative relationship with winter NAO and lagged winter NAO, which themselves had shown positive increases over the study period. The effects of lagged winter NAO remained after accounting for the linear trend. There was no evidence of density dependence, with breeding success positively related to colony size. We found strong evidence that breeding success was negatively related to pair bond duration but positively related to past breeding success rate. There was also an interaction between these two intrinsic effects such that those pairs that had historically been successful maintained success with increasing pair bond duration, whereas less successful pairs showed a decline. The prediction that there would be a differential impact of extrinsic factors among pairs was supported by an interaction between past breeding success rate and winter NAO, such that pairs with low past success rate exhibited a sharp decline in breeding success with increasing winter NAO, whereas more successful pairs did not. It is critically important to understand interactions between extrinsic factors and individual heterogeneity since a differential impact on individuals will affect population structure, and hence population dynamics.