Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Landmark Navigation without Snapshots: the Average Landmark Vector Model

For almost two decades the view that insects store snapshots of retinal images, which they experience when they are in a target location, has dominated research in the eld of visual landmark navigation. The so-called snapshot model [1] assumes that a panoramic image of the surroundings of the target position (nest, feeding station) is acquired and stored by the animal. The stored visual snapshot is then used to calculate the direction that the animal has to follow in order to return back to its target position. This is done by employing a matching mechanism that compares the current retinal image with the stored snapshot. This argument presupposes that there is an advantage in having a snapshot stored in memory. However, we show this not to be the case. Here we propose a new model for visual landmark navigation in insects, called the Average Landmark Vector model (ALV model). According to the ALV model, the animal does not need to store a snapshot: the only piece of information needed is the direction of the Average Landmark (AL) vector which is acquired by a simple summation of unit vectors pointing to landmarks (which are simple visual features, e.g. edges). The target direction is calculated at any position as the vector di erence between the AL vectors at the target and the current position. This vector di erence calculation replaces the \matching" process of the snapshot model (see gure). The new model does not only predict the results used in the studies with the snapshot model but it also gives di erent predictions for other experimental setups, a case that we shall test with the desert ant Cataglyphis. In addition, the single vector representation of the target direction suggests that there might be a closer link between the landmark navigation system and the celestial compass navigation system [2, 3]. In contrast to its computational simplicity (the only thing that the animal needs to record is one vector, and computing the target direction is achieved by a simple vector subtraction), the ALV model shows more robust behavior in complex realistic environments where a lot of landmarks are present and the snapshot model fails due to wrong matches between snapshot and current image.
Network Analysis and Synthesis: A Modern Systems Theory Approach

Appropriate for undergraduate-level courses in Introduction to Engineering Experimentation found in departments of Mechanical, Aeronautical, Civil, and Electrical Engineering. Wheeler and Ganji introduce many topics that engineers need to master in order to plan, design and document a successful experiment or measurement system. The text offers thorough discussions of topics often ignored or merely touched upon by other texts, including modern computerized data acquisition systems, electrical output measuring devices, and in-depth coverage of experimental uncertainty analysis.
PowerPoint is not just for Business Presentations and College Lectures! Using PowerPoint to Enhance Instruction for Students with Disabilities

Microsoft PowerPoint software is widely used in business and higher education and is growing in use with school-aged students. A small body of research has demonstrated that it can be effective in enhancing skill instruction for individuals with disabilities. PowerPoint is not a difficult program to learn, but it provides endless possibilities for the creation of instructional materials. This article presents a brief summary of some of the research that has been done using PowerPoint with individuals who have disabilities to promote computer access, reading decoding, and social communication skills. Several examples of PowerPoint presentations that can be created for use in teaching students with disabilities are described with visual examples provided. Brief directions for using several features of PowerPoint to create instructional presentations are given.
Palestinian improvised-sung poetry : the genres of Ḥidā and Qarrādī : performance and transmission

The improvised-sung poetry of the Palestinians is a living tradition of oral poetry, extemporized impromptu in the colloquial Arabic of the Palestinians. It is sung by professional native Palestinian poets for their countrymen primarily at weddings, baptisms, private parties, public festivals, and other joyous social occasions (see Ḍ. Sbait 1982:1-59). This improvised-sung poetry is known in Arabic by the name of ash-shir al-murtajal (improvised poetry; cf. Bonnebaker 1978) or ash-shir ash-shabī (folk poetry) or az-zajal (colloquial Arabic poetry in strophic form) or al-shir al-āmmī (poetry in colloquial language), because it does not follow the grammatical rules of the written standard Arabic used by the poets of literary poetry. The Palestinian poet-singer who composes this poetry is known by his countrymen as ḥādī or ḥaddā (lit. “camel-eer”), shāir shabī (folk poet), qawwāl (improviser or reciter), or zajjāl (improviser), the most common of these names being ḥaddā or shāir. My research is based on a collection of improvised-sung poetry
Towards optimal storage design for efficient query processi ng in relational database systems

There is disclosed a tool storage and changing mechanism comprising a rotatable table tool rack having radial sockets to removably hold toolholders, a horizontal arm, forming a track between the tool rack and the machine spindle, carries a mechanical hand having a forked end to receive from the rack and hold a selected toolholder and carry it to and from the spindle. Assuming that the work with the toolholder has been performed, the empty hand travels to the spindle where, without vertical movement of the arm, the hand grasps the toolholder in the spindle which then releases the toolholder. The arm and hand then descend to withdraw the toolholder from the spindle, after which the arm rises again and the carriage travels back to the rack and deposits the toolholder in its rack socket. When the tool rack is indexed to bring the next tool to the hand, the hand engages the tool and with it approaches the spindle, the arm descends, and, when the toolholder is substantially vertically aligned with the spindle, the arm rises and inserts the toolholder in the spindle where it is grasped by the spindle. Then, without descending the hand is withdrawn from the toolholder and returns empty to the rack. The arm and hand are operated by mechanism including a reversible motor and the above operations are performed in two successive continuous steps, the second being the reverse of the first and resulting from a change in the direction of operation of the motor made between the two steps.
Facilitating Students' Reasoning with Causal Explanations and Visual Representations

Abstract : This article reports on a study of students learning to program using GIL, the Graphical Instruction in LISP intelligent tutoring system. GIL is designed to explore the construction of explanations from problem solving knowledge, and the use of visual representatives in problem solving. We first present a brief overview of GIL, then describe the analyses of students learning to solve simple programming problems using GIL. Our initial data address two questions: (1) Are the explanations provided by GIL effective in guiding student reasoning? , and (2) Are students able to learn to program using graphical representations (i.e. what benefits are provided by this representation of programming? ) Keywords: Cognitive psychology, Decision making, Delayed outcome, Risk assessment. (Author) (kr)
Checkpointing and recovery in distributed and database systems

A transaction-consistent global checkpoint of a database records a state of the database which reflects the effect of only completed transactions and not the results of any partially executed transactions. This thesis establishes the necessary and sufficient conditions for a checkpoint of a data item (or the checkpoints of a set of data items) to be part of a transaction-consistent global checkpoint of the database. This result would be useful for constructing transaction-consistent global checkpoints incrementally from the checkpoints of each individual data item of a database. By applying this condition, we can start from any useful checkpoint of any data item and then incrementally add checkpoints of other data items until we get a transaction-consistent global checkpoint of the database. This result can also help in designing non-intrusive checkpointing protocols for database systems. Based on the intuition gained from the development of the necessary and sufficient conditions, we also developed a non-intrusive low-overhead checkpointing protocol for distributed database systems. Checkpointing and rollback recovery are also established techniques for achieving fault-tolerance in distributed systems. Communication-induced checkpointing algorithms allow processes involved in a distributed computation take checkpoints independently while at the same time force processes to take additional checkpoints to make each checkpoint to be part of a consistent global checkpoint. This thesis develops a low-overhead communication-induced checkpointing protocol and presents a performance evaluation of the protocol. KEYWORDS: Distributed Systems, Distributed Database Systems, Communication-induced Checkpointing, Consistent Global Checkpoints, Transaction-consistent Global Checkpoints.
Neural Networks for Wordform Recognition

The paper outlines a method for automatic lexical acquisition using three-layered back-propagation networks. Several experiments have been carried out where the performance of different network architectures have been compared to each other on two tasks: overall part-of-speech (noun, adjective or verb) classification and classification by a set of 13 possible output categories. The best results for the simple task were obtained by networks consisting of 204-212 input neurons and 40 hidden-layer neurons, reaching a classification rate of 93.6%. The best result for the more complex task was 96.4%, which was achieved by a net with 423 input neurons and 80 hidden-layer neurons. These results are rather promising and the paper compares them to the performance reported by rule-based and purely statistical methods; a comparison that shows the neural network completely compatible with the statistical approach. The rule-based method is, however, still better, even though it should noted that the task that the rule-based system performs is somewhat different from that of the neural net.
Applications of finite geometries to designs and codes

xvii 1 Designs, codes, and finite geometries . 1 1.
Learner perceptions on instructional design of multimedia in learning abstract concepts in science at a distance

This study was carried out to explore learner perceptions on the instructional design features of interactive multimedia (IMM), which was especially designed to support the open and distance learners studying microbiology as a part of the BSc degree programme of the Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL). The purpose of developing this IMM was to explain the dynamic abstract concepts and processes of bacterial genetics that are hard to comprehend by referring to print course material, as surfaced from course evaluations. When developing the IMM package, emphasis was placed on the interface design, navigational design and instructional design in particular. Instructional design was mainly based on Gagne’s nine events of instructions, and Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning on verbal and pictorial information. IMM was designed incorporating basic instructional features such as learning outcomes, an introduction, self‐assessment questions, glossary, and so forth. Animations with narrations were extensively used to explain abstract processes. These design features were integrated, enabling active learning, visualising the dynamic abstract bacterial processes over time, and testing learners’ knowledge with immediate feedback, allowing them to achieve a meaningful learning experience. Learner perceptions on instructional design features were gathered through quantitative and qualitative research methods by means of questionnaires, interviews and observations. Evaluation revealed many positive features and a few negative features to be incorporated into the design of IMM in providing better support for the learners. Findings of this study throw light on designing effective learner‐centred multimedia learning material.
The cognitive validity of the lecture-based question in the IELTS listening paper

This study investigates the cognitive validity of two samples of IELTS lecture-listening material taken from past papers. In one condition, participants were asked to undertake the original test, and to provide a retrospective verbal report, explaining why they had chosen the answers that they had favoured. In a second condition, they were asked to take notes under the less constrained circumstances that obtain during a lecture, and then to report on them. The material was distributed on an ABAB principle so that the possible effects of recording and test method could be compared. The scores obtained by individuals under 'test' conditions were compared with the extent to which the same individuals showed themselves capable of accurately reporting units of information in the freer 'lecture' condition. No clear correlation was demonstrated. The verbal reports were then examined for evidence of the cognitive processes adopted by participants under test conditions, and were matched against conventional psycholinguistic accounts of first-language listening (see, for example, Brown 1995, Field 2009). A distinction was made between normal processes which might equally well be adopted by a native academic listener, strategic behaviour which aimed to compensate for problems of understanding; and test-specific behaviour representing the user's response to characteristics of the test. Evidence of the last raised concerns about cognitive validity. The protocols showed participants adopting specific routines that were tailored to the test method. They also provided considerable evidence of participants favouring test-wise strategies and attempting to exploit loopholes in the format of the test such as the availability of questions in a written form. A third line of enquiry investigated participants' responses to listening under the two conditions, in order to establish which they had found the more demanding. An unexpected result was the number of participants who found lecture listening less demanding than undertaking the test. Possible reasons are explored.
Internet Banking Adoption: Comparing Developed and Developing Countries

The research examines and compares crucial factors affecting consumer acceptance of Internet banking services (IBS) in two groups of culturally different countries i.e. the developed (the United States and Australia) and developing (Malaysia) countries. To date, no prior research considers cultural differences in studying IBS adoption of these countries although IBS is a global service. The research model is based on UTAUT model with two additional factors. A questionnaire was distributed to 766 respondents from the three countries. Results reveal that for both the developed and developing countries, attitude toward using IBS is the most important factor followed by performance expectancy. Due to cultural differences between the developed and developing countries (e.g. uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and power distance), perceived credibility of IBS is relevant only in the developed countries. This research helps banks promote their service globally. It also enhances UTAUT model.
Engineering Learning and Practice - a Brunei Perspective

This paper discusses the findings of preliminary data analysis on the engineering work conducted in Brunei. One might assume that an undergraduate embarks on an engineering course with a clear picture of the future work and responsibilities involved. From this study, however, it was found not to be a valid assumption for Bruneian engineering students. There is a mismatch between engineering education and engineering practice with regards to the appropriate skills and knowledge required upon entering the engineering workplace.
Analisa Dan Implementasi Algoritma Bellman Ford Dalam Mnentukan Jalur Terpendek Pengantaran Barang Dalam Kota

Dalam penelitian ini di lakukan penerapan perhitungan metode Bellman-Ford yang bertujuan untuk mencari jalur terpendek menuju JNE kota medan. Metode Bellman-Ford tersebut menghitung semua jalur dari tempat asal ke tempat tujuan yang terbentuk dalam suatu graf agar di temukan jalur terpendek berdasarkan data yang di dapat dari peta dan GPS, data-data tersebut yaitu jarak jalan, titik persimpangan jalan dan koordinat tempat asal dan tujuan. Dengan simulasi perhitungan dengan mengambil peta dari Open street map yang di dalamnya terdapat informasi jarak jalan, titik persimpangan jalan, koordinat tempat asal dan tujuan. Metode Bellman-Ford ini menghitung jumlah jarak jalan antara tempat asal dengan beberapa persimpangan jalan yang akan dilaluinya pertama kali dengan nilai paling terkecil sehingga akan mengetahui jalan mana yang akan dipilih selanjutnya, dan persimpagan terpilih sebagai titik awal perhitungan yang berikutnya. proses perhitungan tersebut akan diulang sejumlah titik persimpangan yang ada sampai mendapatkan jumlah jarak jalan terpendek menuju tempat tujuan. Dari proses simulasi, bahwa metode Bellman-Ford bisa digunakan untuk menentukan jalur terpendek. Kata Kunci : Jalur Terpendek, Bellman-Ford, JNE, peta
Facilitating employee creativity in the library environment: An important managerial concern for library administrators

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide library administrators, library researchers and practitioners with an in‐depth review of the conceptual and practical tools required to engage the creative potential of their staff members.Design /methodology/approach – The paper reviews the important concepts involving employee creativity and its successful management in the organizational setting. This is accomplished by reviewing the relevant literature assembled from the social, psychological, management, organizational and library sciences.Findings – Intrinsic motivation is the primary driver of individual creativity and drives organizational learning, transformation and innovation. Library administrators are directly responsible for creating and sustaining an organizational culture that facilitates the intrinsic‐motivation of all library staff members. Organizational democracy and employee participation may increase and sustain intrinsic‐motivation while coercive management behaviors tend to reduce t.
Night Photography and Light Painting: Finding Your Way in the Dark

If looking for a book by Lance Keimig Night Photography and Light Painting: Finding Your Way in the Dark in pdf format, then you have come on to correct site. We present the full edition of this book in PDF, txt, DjVu, doc, ePub formats. You may reading by Lance Keimig online Night Photography and Light Painting: Finding Your Way in the Dark either load. Further, on our website you may reading the guides and another artistic books online, or load their. We wish draw note that our website not store the book itself, but we grant link to website where you can load either reading online. If you need to downloading Night Photography and Light Painting: Finding Your Way in the Dark by Lance Keimig pdf , in that case you come on to the loyal site. We have Night Photography and Light Painting: Finding Your Way in the Dark PDF, DjVu, doc, txt, ePub formats. We will be pleased if you get back us again.
Control Theory Measures of Tracking as Indices of Attention Allocation Strategies

In an intelligent man-machine control system, control theory measures describing the operator's tracking performance can provide useful information concerning an operator's attentional slate. This information may be used to implement adaptive aiding procedures. Research is reviewed that relates attentional manipulations to variation in control theory parameters, and an experiment is then described in which 29 subjects performed a tracking task alone, and concurrently with a serial reaction-time task. Within the time-sharing condition, relative priorities between the two tasks were manipulated. The results are interpreted in terms of the separate effects of time-sharing and of priority manipulations upon measures of tracking gain, remnant, time-delay and response “holds,” and the feasibility of on-line measurement of those variables.
What Learners ‘Know’ through Digital Media Production: Learning by Design

The power to influence others in ever expanding social networks in the new knowledge economy is tied to capabilities with digital media production that require increased technological knowledge. This article draws on research in primary classrooms to examine the repertoires of cross-disciplinary knowledge that literacy learners need to produce innovative digital media via the ‘social web’. The article builds on Learning by Design and the ‘knowledge processes' to describe ‘how’ learning occurs, while presenting a model to theorise ‘what’ students know — the ‘knowledge assets' –when learners produce digital and multimodal texts.
Contributions to the meta-theory of structural operational semantics

Structural Operational Semantics (SOS) is one of the most natural ways for providing programming languages with a formal semantics. Results on the meta-theory of SOS typically (but not solely) say that if the inference rules used in writing the semantic specification of a language conform to some syntactic template then some semantic property is guaranteed to hold or some technique is applicable in order to gain some result. These syntactic templates are called rule formats. This thesis presents four contributions on the meta-theory of SOS. As a first contribution, (1) we offer a method for establishing the validity of equations (modulo bisimilarity). The method is developed under the vest of an equivalence relation that is suitable for mechanization, the rule-matching bisimilarity. Given a semantic specification defined in SOS and given the desired equation to check, the method runs a matching, bisimulation-like, procedure in order to determine the validity of the given equation. For the method to be applicable, the SOS specification must fit a well-known rule format called GSOS, which is fairly expressive. For instance most of the process algebras can be defined within GSOS. The method is general and, not surprisingly, might not terminate. We however show that relevant equations can be checked in finite time. As another contribution, (2) we present rule formats ensuring that certain constants of a language act as zero elements. An example of zero element, though in the context of mathematics, is the number 0, that is a zero element for the multiplication operator ×, i.e., x × 0 = 0. Based on the design of one of the formats, we provide also a rule format for unit elements. The same number 0 is for instance an example of unit element for the sum operator +, as the algebraic law x + 0 = x is valid. As a third contribution, (3) we offer rule formats guaranteeing the validity of the distributivity law. Examples of distributivity laws in the context of
Das coisas nascem coisas

Trata-se de um livro escrito por um artista plastico. E uma obra dedicada especialmente aos designers1 , no entanto, a maneira como o autor trabalha o tema estabelece um dialogo com os leitores de muitos campos do conhecimento. Sua leitura e peculiar, pois tem uma organizacao inovadora entre os seus conteudos e o modo como sao apresentados. Com formatos de letras em varios tamanhos, em varios sentidos, e nao obrigatoriamente como no codigo de leitura ocidental que se dispoe da esquerda para a direita. Alem de muitas imagens em fotos, em desenhos tecnicos de projetos, fotomontagens, desenhos artisticos, imagens de sistema grafico de comunicacao visual e esquemas. Dizendo assim, pode ate parecer um receituario ou um manual, mas nao se trata disso, e sim, de um texto que nos leva a rememorar conhecimentos e a construir outros.