Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment for pulmonary hydatidosis (a review of 422 cases).

OBJECTIVE Hydatidosis in man is frequently encountered in sheep and cattle raising regions of the world. We reviewed 422 patients, treated surgically for pulmonary hydatid disease in our clinic between January 1980 and January 1998, assessing the clinical features and results of results of operative treatment management in our centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS 52 of the patients were female and 370 were male. The median age of the patients was 33 years (range, 11 to 66 years). The cysts were located in the right lung in 214 (50.7%) patients, the left lung in 156 (37%) and bilaterally in 17 (4%) cases. We found an intrathoracic extrapulmonary cyst in 35 (8.3%) patients. We performed enucleation and capitonnage in 202 cases, wedge resection in 40, cystotomy and capitonnage in 171, and lobectomy in 9 patients. The high-risk patients were treated with Albendazol (10 mg/kg/day), for a period of 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS Preoperative diagnosis was based primarily on chest roentgenograms and led to correct diagnosis in 347 cases (82.2%). An additional computerised tomography (CT) scan in 56 cases and magnetic resonavive imaging (MRI) were required in 15 cases. The diagnosis is established intraoperatively in 4 cases. Most (296) patients presented with a solitary lung cyst. The rest were found to have multiple cysts in one or more lobes. 87 of 422 also had cysts in the liver, 19 in the spleen, and 1 in the pancreas. The follow-up data was completed in 392 of 422 (92.8%) patients. The mean follow-up period was 4.3 years (2 to 19 years). We detected recurrence in 3 patients (0.71%). CONCLUSION The effective treatment of hydatid cyst(s) in the lung is complete excision of the cyst(s) with maximum preservation of the lung parenchyma. Additional medical treatment with Albendazole should be carried out for high-risk group patients.
3D non‐stationary geometry‐based multi‐input multi‐output channel model for UAV‐ground communication systems

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with multi-input-multi-output technologies are considered as a promising platform to provide future high-speed wireless communication services. In this study, considering three-dimensional (3D) antenna arrays and 3D arbitrary trajectories of the UAV and mobile terminal, the authors propose a new 3D non-stationary geometry-based stochastic channel model for UAV-ground communication systems. Under 3D non-isotropic scattering scenarios, the computation and optimisation methods of time-variant channel parameters are investigated. In addition, the theoretical statistical properties such as the autocorrelation function, cross-correlation function, Doppler power spectrum density, level-crossing rate, and average fading duration are analysed and derived. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed model as well as theoretical derivations are verified by the comparison between theoretical, simulated, and measured results.
Scientists and Information: I. Using Cluster Analysis to identify Information Style

Semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were used to explore the influence of personality, discipline and organisational structure on the information behaviour of biochemists, entomologists and statisticians working at an agricultural research station (n = 67). Cluster analysis was used to reveal groupings in the data. Library and document‐based activities did not differentiate individuals. Computer use, both for scientific work and information handling, and the degree of enthusiasm displayed for actively seeking information divided the population. Discipline, work role and time spent in the subject field and organisation were the most important determinants of information behaviour. There were some indications of male/female differences in information behaviour. A comparison of the groups obtained from the cluster analysis with a subjective classification showed the former to be more robust in later analysis.
Association Rules Analysis of Comorbidity and Multimorbidity: The Concord Health and Aging in Men Project.

BACKGROUND Comorbidity and multimorbidity are common in older people. Here we used a novel analytic approach called Association Rules together with network analysis to evaluate multimorbidity (two or more disorders) and comorbidity in old age. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was undertaken where 17 morbidities were analyzed using network analysis, cluster analysis, and Association Rules methodology. A comorbidity interestingness score was developed to quantify the richness and variability of comorbidities associated with an index condition. The participants were community-dwelling men aged 70 years or older from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project, Sydney, Australia, with complete data (n = 1,464). RESULTS The vast majority (75%) of participants had multimorbidity. Several morbidity clusters were apparent (vascular cluster, metabolic cluster, neurodegenerative cluster, mental health and other cluster, and a musculoskeletal and other cluster). Association Rules revealed unexpected comorbidities with high lift and confidence linked to index diseases. Anxiety and heart failure had the highest comorbidity interestingness scores while obesity, hearing impairment, and arthritis had the lowest (zero) scores. We also performed Association Rules analysis for the geriatric syndromes of frailty and falls to determine their association with multimorbidity. Frailty had a very complex and rich set of frequent and interesting comorbidities, while there were no frequent and interesting sets associated with falls. CONCLUSIONS Old age is characterized by a complex pattern of multimorbidity and comorbidity. Single disease definitions do not account for the prevalence and complexity of multimorbidity in older people and a new lexicon may be needed to underpin research and health care interventions for older people.
Point defects induced in yttria-stabilized zirconia by electron and swift heavy ion irradiations

We present an extensive study of point-defect creation in yttria-stabilized zirconia (ZrO2:Y) exposed to 2.5 MeV electrons and various heavy ions (from C to U) covering an energy range from 100 MeV to several GeV. A synthesis of results from UV–visible optical absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is provided with special emphasis on the respective roles of elastic collisions and electronic excitations. The colour centre production and recovery are the main focus in this survey. It is concluded that F + -type centres (involving singly ionized oxygen vacancies) are produced by elastic-collision processes. The large threshold displacement energy and defect volume hint that these colour centres might actually be small paramagnetic oxygen vacancy clusters, most probably divacancies (i.e. F2 + centres). Such a picture is consistent with the ⟨100⟩ axial symmetry, inhomogeneous broadening of the optical absorption band, lack of hyperfine splitting, and weak spin–lattice coupling found for this defect.
ENOXAPARIN ATTENUATES ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE WITH LESS BLEEDING COMPARED WITH UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN IN ENDOTOXEMIC RATS

Prophylactic use of anticoagulants during sepsis is strongly recommended for the prevention of venous thrombosis. Moreover, recent studies suggested the positive effects of anticoagulants to the inflammation. In this study, we planned to confirm the effects of heparins on protecting against endothelial damage in endotoxemia. In addition, we also examined the differences between unfractionated heparin (UFH) and enoxaparin. Wistar rats received 8.5 mg/kg (i.v.) LPS, followed by a bolus infusion of either 350 U/kg of UFH, 2.0 mg/kg of enoxaparin, or placebo. Microscopic observation of the mesenteric microcirculation and the measurement of the bleeding area after puncture with a microneedle were performed 3 h later (n = 6 in each group). In another series, blood samples were taken 3 h after the LPS injection, and blood cell counts, coagulation markers, and organ damage markers were measured (n = 6 in each). As a result, the leukocyte adherence to the endothelium was significantly reduced in both the UFH and enoxaparin groups, and thus, endothelial damage was attenuated in these groups. The bleeding area was markedly expanded in the UFH group compared with the other groups (P < 0.01 each). The decrease in white blood cells and platelet count was significantly suppressed in the enoxaparin group compared with the UFH group (P < 0.05 each). The fibrinogen level was maintained at significantly better levels, and the elevation of alanine aminotransferase was significantly suppressed in enoxaparin group (P < 0.05 each). In conclusion, both UFH and enoxaparin protect against endothelial damage by preventing leukocyte adhesion. However, UFH significantly increases the bleeding area, whereas enoxaparin does not increase bleeding, and thus, it can reduce organ damages in the endotoxemic rat.
Augmentation of GG2EE macrophage cell line-mediated anti-Candida activity by gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-1

The expression of anti-Candida activity in the GG2EE macrophage cell line, generated by immortalization of fresh bone marrow with v-raf and v-myc oncogenes, was studied. GG2EE cells spontaneously inhibited the growth of an agerminative mutant of Candida albicans in vitro. The anti-Candida activity was maximal after 8 h of coculture and was proportional to the effector-to-target ratio. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) all significantly enhanced the anti-Candida activity of GG2EE cells. In contrast, IL-3, IL-4, and colony-stimulating factor 1 were ineffective. The augmentation of anti-Candida activity was not always concomitant with enhancement of phagocytosis, since IFN-gamma and colony-stimulating factor 1, but not IL-1 or TNF, augmented the phagocytic ability of GG2EE cells. Furthermore, the augmentation of anti-Candida activity in GG2EE cells did not correlate with the acquisition of antitumor activity. In fact, none of the cytokines alone were able to induce antitumor activity in GG2EE cells, which, however, could be activated to a tumoricidal stage by IFN-gamma plus heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes. These findings demonstrate that GG2EE cells exhibit spontaneous anti-Candida activity and that such activity is enhanced by TNF, IL-1, and IFN-gamma.
Leading Edge Review Modes of p 53 Regulation

The traditional view of p53 activation includes three steps—p53 stabilization, DNA binding, and transcriptional activation. However, recent studies indicate that each step of p53 activation is more complex than originally anticipated. Moreover, both genetic studies in mice and in vitro studies with purified components suggest that the classical model may not be sufficient to explain all aspects of p53 activation in vivo. To reconcile these differences, we propose that antirepression, the release of p53 from repression by factors such as Mdm2 and MdmX, is a key step in the physiological activation of p53.
The Mesoproterozoic Stac Fada proximal ejecta blanket, NW Scotland: constraints on crater location from field observations, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, petrography and geochemistry

The Stac Fada Member of the Mesoproterozoic Stoer Group (Torridon Supergroup) in NW Scotland is a proximal ejecta blanket surrounding an unidentified asteroid impact crater. A combination of field observations of the ejecta deposit and underlying strata, the geographical distribution of terrane-identified basement clasts found embedded in the impactite, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of the impact melt rocks at different locations can constrain the crater location to be about 15–20 km WNW of Enard Bay and thus buried under Mesozoic sediments in The Minch. Syncompressional structures within the suevite at Stattic Point give a clear indication of a southeasterly direction of mass motion. The signatures of two different terranes within the Lewisian gneiss help identify the origin of clasts found in the impactite at three locations. These clasts are unshocked and interpreted as having been swept up by the density current post-impact; their geographical distribution provides an important clue to ejecta emplacement pathways crossing the Assynt and Gruinard terranes. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is used to measure flow direction in pyroclastic density current deposits and is applied here to derive a direction of motion for the impactoclastic density current. It provides good agreement with the other independent methods.
Subepicardial dysfunction leads to global left ventricular systolic impairment in patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I

The mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I (LGMD2I) are unclear. This study assessed deficits in cardiac morphology, function, and metabolism quantitatively in patients with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of the homozygous c.826C > A FKRP (fukutin‐related protein) mutation, using a comprehensive magnetic resonance (MR) examination.
Is Individual Peer Support a Promising Intervention for Persons With Heart Failure?

Peer support has been used effectively in a variety of patient populations, but its effectiveness in improving outcomes in persons with chronic heart failure has not been explored. We trained 9 persons with heart failure to mentor other heart failure patients and tested the effectiveness of this approach in a randomized controlled clinical trial. A low proportion (37%) of the eligible population of hospitalized patients agreed to participate. At the end of the 3-month trial, there was significantly higher heart failure self-care in the intervention group (P < .05). The only difference in social support was a significant decline in perceived support reciprocity in the intervention group (F = 5.94, P = .004). No significant group differences in heart failure readmissions, length of stay, or cost were evident at 90-days, although the heart failure readmission rate was 96% higher in the intervention group when compared to that in the control group. The reasons for low overall enrollment and high readmission rates in the intervention group require further study. Including additional self-care education by a professional, rather than leaving all the education to the mentor, could strengthen the peer support intervention trialed in this study. Small group meetings may be less intrusive and more desirable for this patient population.
Benefits and costs of screening and treatment for early breast cancer. Development of a basic benefit package.

OBJECTIVE To develop a basic benefit package for detection and treatment of early breast cancer by evaluating the effectiveness and costs for screening mammography, primary surgery, adjuvant therapy, and follow-up care. DATA SOURCES Published articles were retrieved through MEDLINE; additional articles were obtained through searches of their bibliographies. Cancer statistics were taken from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program data, population statistics were taken from US Census data, and charges from 1993 Southern California Medicare fees were used to represent costs. STUDY SELECTION Studies were selected on the basis of their design. Preference, in decreasing order, was given to meta-analyses of randomized trials, individual randomized clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective cohort studies, and case series. DATA EXTRACTION Studies were examined for the effect of the intervention on overall survival, disease-free survival, and health-related quality of life. We evaluated effects on survival in terms of number of lives saved at 10 years and average years of life saved. Costs were related to the benefits observed and modeled onto a hypothetical health care organization of 500,000 lives. RESULTS Based on this analysis, we recommend a basic benefit plan for the detection and treatment of early breast cancer that would include the following: (1) screening mammography only for women aged 50 to 69 years; (2) choice of mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery with radiation therapy for all women with early breast cancer; (3) adjuvant therapy for all women at risk of recurrence; and (4) only clinical follow-up without routine testing for metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS By choosing which services they provide to specific groups of patients, providers can substantially reduce their expenses and still provide quality health benefits.
Synaptotagmin VII modulates the kinetics of dense‐core vesicle exocytosis in PC12 cells

In our previous study, we showed that PC12 cell lines stably expressing synaptotagmin (Syt) VII have greater ability to release hormones Ca2+‐dependently than the original PC12 cells. However, the precise molecular mechanism of the enhancement of hormone secretion by Syt VII has never been elucidated. In this study, we established a PC12 cell line that stably expresses Syt VII‐green fluorescent protein (Syt VII‐GFP) or its Ca2+‐binding‐site‐deficient mutant (D172N/D303N substitutions; Syt VII‐DN‐GFP), and examined the effect of Syt VII‐GFP expression on the kinetics of dense‐core vesicle exocytosis by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Both Syt VII‐GFP and Syt VII‐DN‐GFP co‐localized well with dense‐core vesicle markers, monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP)‐tagged neuropeptide Y (NPY‐mRFP) and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)‐tagged tissue plasminogen activator (tPA‐CFP). Expression of Syt VII‐GFP enhanced the number of dense‐core vesicle exocytotic events, whereas expression of Syt VII‐DN‐GFP or knockdown of Syt VII‐GFP with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated the number of exocytotic events. Monitoring individual tPA‐CFP release events revealed that “full release” events are increased in Syt VII‐GFP‐expressing cells, but not in Syt VII‐DN‐GFP‐expressing or Syt VII‐silenced cells. Our data indicate that Syt VII modulates the kinetics of Ca2+‐dependent dense‐core vesicle exocytosis in neuroendocrine PC12 cells, possibly by modulating fusion pore opening.
FREQUENCY OF RISK FACTORS OF CEREBRAL INFARCTION IN STROKE PATIENTS. A STUDY OF 100 CASES IN NASEER TEACHING HOSPITAL, PESHAWAR

atrial fibrillation (25%), carotid artery stenosis (27%), obesity (15%) and family history of stroke (12%). 39% of patients had physical inactivity. Males were slightly predominant than females (51% vs 49%) and mean age was 50 years. females were rather older with mean age of 53 years. Conclusions: Cerebral infarction accounts for 80 to 85% of cases of stroke, which is a common neurological disorder. It increases a burden of disability and misery for patients and their families. Most of the risk factors of cerebral infarction are modifiable, its prevention should be the main cause of concern for the community.
Erroneous Relationships among Humidity and Cloud Forcing Variables in Three Global Climate Models

Abstract Links are examined between time-averaged cloud radiative properties, particularly the longwave and shortwave components of cloud radiative forcing (CRF), and properties of the long-term averages of atmospheric soundings, in particular upper-tropospheric humidity (UTH), lower-tropospheric precipitable water (PW), and static stability (SS). The joint distributions of moisture measures and the composite or conditional mean CRF for different moisture and stability combinations are computed. This expands on previous studies that have examined cloud properties versus vertical velocity and surface temperature. These computations are done for satellite observations and for three representative coupled climate models from major modeling centers. Aside from mean biases reported previously, several departures are identified between the modeled and observed joint distributions that are qualitative and significant. Namely, the joint distribution of PW and UTH is very compact in observations but less so in mod.
Histopathological spectrum of gastrointestinal lesions - an experience in a tertiary care centre in South India

Background: Gastrointestinal biopsies are the major group specimens received in the surgical pathology department. This includes endoscopic biopsies from gastric and duodenal mucosa, appendicectomies, cholecystectomies and colonoscopic biopsies. This study aims at identifying the different histopathological lesions in these specimens. Methods: The study was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from January 2013-January 2014. 194 gastrointestinal biopsies were included in this study. These biopsies were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed and paraffin embedded sections were taken and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The slides were interpreted and the statistical analysis of the data obtained was done. Results: The most common specimen received was appendix (39%). The next common specimen was endoscopic gastric mucosal biopsies (20%). We had 25 cholecystectomy specimens (13%) and 17 fistulous tract excisions (9%). The other specimens studied are 20 colonoscopic biopsies (10%), six esophageal mucosal biopsies (4%), four vocal cord biopsies (2%), two liver biopsies (1%), two tonsillar biopsies (1%), and one biopsy from pharynx (1%). Conclusions: Histopathological analysis of gastrointestinal lesions aids the clinicians for follow up and specific treatment. This study gives an overview of the different histopathological specimens received in the surgical pathology department and analyses the varied histomorphological diagnosis given for these specimens.
Immune Mediators of Rotavirus Antigenemia Clearance in Mice

ABSTRACT The immunological mediators that clear rotavirus antigenemia or viremia remain undefined. Immunodeficient mice and antibody transfer were used to test whether lymphocytes or rotavirus-specific serum antibodies are essential for resolving antigenemia. Clearance of antigenemia required lymphocytes, but neither T nor B lymphocytes were absolutely required. Transfer of convalescent-phase or nonneutralizing rotavirus-specific serum antibodies to the systemic compartment of severe-combined-immunodeficient (SCID) mice temporarily suppressed the onset or level of chronic rotavirus antigenemia. Our findings provide the first report demonstrating that clearance of rotavirus antigenemia and possibly viremia are mediated by multiple effector lymphocyte subsets and serum antibodies.