Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual Bone Fixation: A Biomechanical Comparison of 3 Implant Constructs in a Mid-Diaphyseal Fracture Model of the Feline Radius and Ulna.

OBJECTIVE To compare the biomechanical properties of dual bone fixation (DBF) constructs to radial locking compression plating (LCP) in an ex vivo feline antebrachial fracture gap model. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo study. SAMPLE POPULATION Cadaveric feline antebrachii (n=12 pairs). METHODS Antebrachii were radiographed to confirm normal skeletal appearance and maturity. After creation of a 5 mm radial and ulnar ostectomy, each antebrachium received 1 of 3 constructs using an incomplete randomized block design (n=8 per group). All groups received a 10 hole 2.0 mm radial LCP. DBF groups received either a 1.2 mm ulnar intramedullary pin (LCP with pin) or an 8 hole 2.0 mm ulnar LCP in addition to the radial LCP. Biomechanical testing was performed in axial compression and caudocranial and mediolateral 4-point bending before destruction in axial compression. RESULTS DBF constructs (LCP with pin and dual LCP) were significantly stiffer than radial LCP alone in axial compression and caudocranial bending. There were no differences between LCP with pin and dual LCP constructs in axial compression and caudocranial bending or between any constructs in mediolateral bending. Failure load was significantly greater for dual LCP than LCP with pin or LCP alone constructs. Failure loads were not different between LCP with pin and LCP alone. CONCLUSION DBF significantly increased construct stiffness and strength. Given the high complication rate reported in cat antebrachial fractures when only the radius is stabilized, surgeons should consider DBF.
Collective formation of flocks with population density Information: Asymmetry interactions and motifs

It has been reported that population density of biological groups may play an important role in the collective swarming, which, however, has been neglected in previous studies of mathematical models. In this paper, we propose a novel attraction/repulsion model driven by the population density and focus on the special collective process of our model. In our work, an agent can adjusts its asymmetric A/R(attraction/repulsion) function during the collective process under the influence of local population density. Such roles of asymmetric interactions different from the symmetric ones in traditional models have been analyzed by complex network theory with extensive illustrations, and different motifs of collective formation patterns have been visualized.
Sequence‐specific potentiation of topoisomerase II inhibitors by the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid

Acetylation of histones leads to conformational changes of DNA. We have previously shown that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), induced cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition to their antitumor effects as single agents, HDAC inhibitors may cause conformational changes in the chromatin, rendering the DNA more vulnerable to DNA damaging agents. We examined the effects of SAHA on cell death induced by topo II inhibitors in breast cancer cell lines. Topo II inhibitors stabilize the topo II–DNA complex, resulting in DNA damage. Treatment of cells with SAHA promoted chromatin decondensation associated with increased nuclear concentration and DNA binding of the topo II inhibitor and subsequent potentiation of DNA damage. While SAHA‐induced histone hyperacetylation occurred as early as 4 h, chromatin decondensation was most profound at 48 h. SAHA‐induced potentiation of topo II inhibitors was sequence‐specific. Pre‐exposure of cells to SAHA for 48 h was synergistic, whereas shorter pre‐exposure periods abrogated synergy and exposure of cells to SAHA after the topo II inhibitor resulted in antagonistic effects. Synergy was not observed in cells with depleted topo II levels. These effects were not limited to specific types of topo II inhibitors. We propose that SAHA significantly potentiates the DNA damage induced by topo II inhibitors; however, synergy is dependent on the sequence of drug administration and the expression of the target. These findings may impact the clinical development of combining HDAC inhibitors with DNA damaging agents. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Inhibits Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Lysophospholipids are signaling molecules that play broad and major roles within the nervous system during both early development and neural injury. We used neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as an in vitro model to examine the specific effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) at various stages of neural development, from neural induction to mature neurons and glia. We report that LPA inhibits neurosphere formation and the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC) toward neurons, without modifying NSC proliferation, apoptosis, or astrocytic differentiation. LPA acts through the activation of the Rho/ROCK and the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt pathways to inhibit neuronal differentiation. This study is the first demonstration of a role for LPA signaling in neuronal differentiation of hESC. As LPA concentrations increase during inflammation, the inhibition of neuronal differentiation by LPA might contribute to the low level of neurogenesis observed following neurotrauma.
Association between copy number variation losses and alcohol dependence across African American and European American ethnic groups.

BACKGROUND Copy number variations (CNVs) are structural genetic mutations consisting of segmental gains or losses in DNA sequence. Although CNVs contribute substantially to genomic variation, few genetic and imaging studies report association of CNVs with alcohol dependence (AD). Our purpose is to find evidence of this association across ethnic populations and genders. This work is the first AD-CNV study across ethnic groups and the first to include the African American (AA) population. METHODS This study considers 2 CNV data sets, one for discovery (2,345 samples) and the other for validation (239 samples), both including subjects with AD and healthy controls of European and African ancestry. Our analysis assesses the association between AD and CNV losses across ethnic groups and gender by examining the effect of overall losses across the whole genome, collective losses within individual cytogenetic bands, and specific losses in CNV regions. RESULTS Results from the discovery data set showed an association between CNV losses within 16q12.2 and AD diagnosis (p = 4.53 × 10(-3) ). An overlapping CNV region from the validation data set exhibited the same direction of effect with respect to AD (p = 0.051). This CNV region affects the genes CES1p1 and CES1, which are members of the carboxylesterase (CES) family. The enzyme encoded by CES1 is a major liver enzyme that typically catalyzes the decomposition of ester into alcohol and carboxylic acid and is involved in drug or xenobiotics, fatty acid, and cholesterol metabolisms. In addition, the most significantly associated CNV region was located at 9p21.2 (p = 1.9 × 10(-3) ) in our discovery data set. Although not observed in the validation data set, probably due to small sample size, this result might hold potential connection to AD given its connection with neuronal death. In contrast, we did not find any association between AD and the overall total losses or the collective losses within individual cytogenetic bands. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study provides evidence that the specific CNVs at 16q12.2 contribute to the development of alcoholism in AA and European American populations.
Association of Specific Expansins with Growth in Maize Leaves Is Maintained under Environmental, Genetic, and Developmental Sources of Variation1[C][W][OA]

We aimed to evaluate whether changes in maize (Zea mays) leaf expansion rate in response to environmental stimuli or developmental gradients are mediated by common or specific expansins, a class of proteins known to enhance cell wall extensibility. Among the 33 maize expansin or putative expansin genes analyzed, 19 were preferentially expressed at some point of the leaf elongation zone and these expansins could be organized into three clusters related to cell division, maximal leaf expansion, and cell wall differentiation. Further analysis of the spatial distribution of expression was carried out for three expansins in leaves displaying a large range of expansion rates due to water deficit, genotype, and leaf developmental stage. With most sources of variation, the three genes showed similar changes in expression and consistent association with changes in leaf expansion. Moreover, our analysis also suggested preferential association of each expansin with elongation, widening, or both of these processes. Finally, using in situ hybridization, expression of two of these genes was increased in load-bearing tissues such as the epidermis and differentiating xylem. Together, these results suggest that some expansins may be preferentially related to elongation and widening after integrating several spatial, environmental, genetic, and developmental cues.
Stringtern: springboarding or stringing along young interns’ careers?

ABSTRACT Young people are repeatedly promised that internships will pave the way to the career of their dreams by providing the ‘hands-on experience’ necessary to differentiate themselves in a fierce job market. However, in many industries, internships – and increasingly unpaid internships – have become the obligatory norm. Young people quickly learn that the internship is not an opportunity, but rather a ‘necessary evil’ that, for many, strings them along in the hope that it may lead to a less precarious paid opportunity. In this article, our findings are based on 12 in-depth interviews with young female interns in the creative industries based in Toronto and New York City. Our participants recognise that in the current economic climate, they need to ‘pay their dues’; however, they often enter into a system of sequential – or string – internships, and become, what we label, a stringtern. In an evolving internship market in North America, we develop a typology of internships including (1) paid/underpaid/unpaid, (2) academic credit/not-for-credit, (3) for-profit/non-profit, (4) full-time/part-time and (5) on-site/off-site to develop a common language to critically analyse the culture of internships. By valuing young people’s perspectives as gleaned from our interviews, the typology aims to provide a more nuanced way to approach the complexity of unpaid internships and the transition from education to the workforce. Furthermore, three interrelated implications of the culture of internships are identified: internship as a free trial, internship as conveyor-belt labour and internship as displacing paid employment.
First two cases of primary carcinoma of the vagina successfully treated with concurrent weekly carboplatin plus paclitaxel, external beam radiotherapy and high‐dose‐rate interstitial brachytherapy: A case report and published work review

Vaginal carcinoma is rare, accounting for only 2% of all gynecological malignancies. Due to a lack of prospective randomized studies, the role of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of primary vaginal carcinoma remains unclear. We report the first two cases of primary vaginal carcinoma successfully treated with a regimen involving concurrent weekly carboplatin plus paclitaxel, external beam radiotherapy and high‐dose‐rate interstitial brachytherapy. These cases strongly indicate that definitive chemoradiation involving carboplatin plus paclitaxel may be a reasonable treatment for primary vaginal carcinoma.
Iowa Model of Evidence‐Based Practice: Revisions and Validation

BACKGROUND The Iowa Model is a widely used framework for the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP). Changes in health care (e.g., emergence of implementation science, emphasis on patient engagement) prompted the re-evaluation, revision, and validation of the model. METHODS A systematic multi-step process was used capturing information from the literature and user feedback via an electronic survey and live work groups. The Iowa Model Collaborative critically assessed and synthesized information and recommendations before revising the model. RESULTS Survey participants (n = 431) had requested access to the Model between years 2001 and 2013. Eighty-eight percent (n = 379) of participants reported using the Iowa Model and identified the most problematic steps as: topic priority, critique, pilot, and institute change. Users provided 587 comments with rich contextual rationale and insightful suggestions. The revised model was then evaluated by participants (n = 299) of the 22nd National EBP Conference in 2015. They validated the model as a practical tool for the EBP process across diverse settings. Specific changes in the model are discussed. CONCLUSION This user driven revision differs from other frameworks in that it links practice changes within the system. Major model changes are expansion of piloting, implementation, patient engagement, and sustaining change. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION The Iowa Model-Revised remains an application-oriented guide for the EBP process. Intended users are point of care clinicians who ask questions and seek a systematic, EBP approach to promote excellence in health care.
Motion Perception in Migraineurs: Abnormalities are Not Related to Attention

Migraine groups have impaired ability to identify global motion direction in noisy random dot stimuli, an observation that has been used as evidence for cortical hyperexcitability. Several studies have also suggested abnormalities in cognitive processing, particularly in the domains of attention, visuo-spatial processing and memory. This study aimed to determine whether poor performance by migraineurs in motion coherence tasks could be explained by non-visual cognitive factors such as attention. Twenty-nine migraineurs and 27 non-headache controls participated. Global motion coherence thresholds were measured along with measures of neuropsychological function, using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The migraine group had significantly higher motion coherence thresholds than controls. No significant difference in attention or any other RBANS index score was found between groups. Index scores did not correlate with motion perception thresholds. This study does not support inattention or other cognitive abnormality as an explanation for motion perception anomalies in migraine.
Interactions of TOM1L1 with the Multivesicular Body Sorting Machinery*

Tom1L1 (Tom1-like1) and related proteins Tom1 (Target of Myb1) and Tom1L2 (Tom1-like2) constitute a new protein family characterized by the presence of a VHS (Vps27p/Hrs/Stam) domain in the N-terminal portion followed by a GAT (GGA and Tom) domain. Recently it was demonstrated that the GAT domain of both Tom1 and Tom1L1 binds ubiquitin, suggesting that these proteins might participate in the sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Here we report a novel interaction between Tom1L1 and members of the MVB sorting machinery. Specifically, we found that the VHS domain of Tom1L1 interacts with Hrs (Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate), whereas a PTAP motif, located between the VHS and GAT domain of Tom1L1, is responsible for binding to TSG101 (tumor susceptibility gene 101). Myc epitope-tagged Tom1L1 showed a cytosolic distribution but was recruited to endosomes following Hrs expression. In addition, Tom1L1 possesses several tyrosine motifs at the C-terminal region that mediate interactions with members of the Src family kinases and other signaling proteins such as Grb2 and p85. We showed that a fraction of Fyn kinase localizes at endosomes and that this distribution becomes more evident after epidermal growth factor internalization. Moreover, expression of a constitutive active form of Fyn also promoted the recruitment of Tom1L1 to enlarged endosomes. Taken together, we propose that Tom1L1 could act as an intermediary between signaling and degradative pathways.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in salivary glands of bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the immunolocalization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in salivary glands of bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients with normal controls and between the different stages of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). In addition, the impact of the immunolocalization of VEGF on the survival rate of BMT patients was investigated as well. METHODS Labial salivary glands obtained at the day 100+ from 36 consecutive patients, who underwent BMT, were included in the study. The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex stain was used to detect VEGF in the salivary glands. Time of death after BMT was displayed by means of the Kaplan-Meier method for the following parameters: age and gender of the patients, donor gender, acute GVHD, cGVHD staging at the labial salivary glands, primary disease, platelet and neutrophils counts on day of biopsy, stem cell, oral mucositis, parenteral nutrition, oral lichenoid lesions of GVHD, conditioning regimen and immunolocalization degree of VEGF in labial salivary glands. The data were initially analyzed by means of the log-rank test and then included in the Cox's proportional hazard model. RESULTS No differences on the immunolocalization of VEGF in the labial salivary glands of BMT recipients and control group or between the different stages of glandular cGVHD were noted. Both univariate and multivariate analysis of the survival rate showed significance of 5% only for platelet count over 100 x 109/l on the day of biopsy and male donor gender. CONCLUSIONS Platelet count over 100 x 109/l and male donor gender are positive predictive factors on the survival rate after BMT. In addition, the immunolocalization of VEGF in salivary glands is not altered in BMT recipients at day 100+ and is not influenced by the stage of cGVHD.
Photoemission from small metal spheres: A model calculation using an enhanced three-step model.

A calculation of photoelectron emission from small particles in the photon energy range from threshold to 11 eV is presented. The calculation is based on a three-step model accounting for the spherical geometry. It explains the anomalous shape of the yield curve observed in previous experiments on 5-nm Ag particles. This size effect is understood to be solely due to the escape function being much different from the planar case. Geometrical arguments do not fully explain the yield enhancement observed for small Ag particles in previous work.
Constitutive activation of MET signaling impairs myogenic differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma and promotes its development and progression

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma, which may originate from impaired differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Expression of MET receptor is elevated in alveolar RMS subtype (ARMS) which is associated with worse prognosis, compared to embryonal RMS (ERMS). Forced differentiation of ARMS cells diminishes MET level and, as shown previously, MET silencing induces differentiation of ARMS. In ERMS cells introduction of TPR-MET oncogene leads to an uncontrolled overstimulation of the MET receptor downstream signaling pathways. In vivo, tumors formed by those cells in NOD-SCID mice display inhibited differentiation, enhanced proliferation, diminished apoptosis and increased infiltration of neutrophils. Consequently, tumors grow significantly faster and they display enhanced ability to metastasize to lungs and to vascularize due to elevated VEGF, MMP9 and miR-378 expression. In vitro, TPR-MET ERMS cells display enhanced migration, chemotaxis and invasion toward HGF and SDF-1. Introduction of TPR-MET into MSC increases survival and may induce expression of early myogenic factors depending on the genetic background, and it blocks terminal differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. To conclude, our results suggest that activation of MET signaling may cause defects in myogenic differentiation leading to rhabdomyosarcoma development and progression.
Investigating customers’ shopping behaviors at airport duty-free shops: impact of shopping flow and alternative shopping malls’ attractiveness

ABSTRACT This research was an empirical endeavor to better comprehend customers’ post-purchase decision-making process for shopping at airport duty-free stores. A field survey at an international airport in Korea was utilized to collect the data. Overall, our research from the structural model using 293 responses offered an empirical demonstration of the crucial role of shopping value, emotions (positive and negative), and shopping satisfaction in developing customers’ behavioral intentions for airport duty-free shopping. Moreover, while the shopping flow was not a significant moderator, this study demonstrated the essential moderating role of the lack of alternative attractiveness in strengthening the satisfaction–intention relationship.
Incidence of CALR mutations in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis

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