Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical study on dermatophytosis in calves with in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of Bergamot oil.

Ringworm is a fungal and zoonotic infectious disease, caused by different species of der - matophytes. In this study, skin scrapings and hair samples were collected from beef calves recently introduced into a beef farm they have clinical signs of dermatophytosis. The collected samples were directly examined for fungal elements by direct microscopy and fungal culture. Fungal culture re- vealed Trichophyton verrucosum. The antifungal activity of Bergamot oil (Citrus Bergamia) alone or in combination with salicylic acid using different concentrations was evaluated in vitro and revealed that Bergamot oil with different dilutions (1.25%, 2.5% and 5%) has a very effective antifungal effect against Trichophyton verrucosum.
Differential Effects of Specific Negative Emotions on Individual Risk Preference Behaviors under Social Accidents: An Analysis from the Perspective of Affective Computing Theory

Traditionally studies on the affect of emotions on the behavioral decisionmaking assume that, individuals with negative emotions are risk-seeking. However in real situations, individual decision-making behaviors show different tendencies of risk preference, thus more and more scholars are attracted to analyze the effect of specific negative emotion on individual risk preference behaviors. From the perspective of Affective Computing Theory (ACT), the concepts of mixed negative emotion, emotional space, intensity of mixed negative emotions and threshold of mixed negative emotions were introduced, the questionnaire of emotional state transition based on Markov process was designed, empirical analysis and numerical modeling were adopted to discuss different effects of specific negative emotion on individual risk preference behavior under social accidents. It is concluded that decision-making behaviors of individuals with mixed negative emotions are mostly inclined to risk-aversion under social accidents. Three types of specific mixed negative emotions, which were divided as fear leading, anger leading and sadness leading, have different effects on individual risky decision-making behaviors, also behavioral selections of individuals show differentially balanced strategies among three types of rescue solutions with risk-seeking, risk-aversion and risks-neutralness. Furthermore, the personality trait and the rescue experience have important moderating effects during the process of individual’s mixed negative emotion cognition and risky behavioral decision-making. The study reveals the differentially influence mechanism of specific negative emotion on individual risk preference behavior under social accidents, which has a significant meaning in individual emotion management, psychological adjustment, behavioral intervention and the improvement of the quality of emergency decision-making.
Factors Affecting the Distribution and Abundance of Asplenium nidus L. in a Tropical Lowland Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia

Asplenium nidus is an abundant epiphytic fern of tropical rain forests in the Old World, where it plays an important ecological role in the forest canopy as host to diverse arthropod communities. We investigated the factors that determine the distribution and abundance of A. nidus in the canopy of an aseasonal lowland dipterocarp forest at Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia. We found that A. nidus was more abundant in the understory, and on hosts with smooth bark and relatively flat branch angles. Ferns were found on a wide diversity and size range of host taxa. However, both host taxa and host diameter at breast height had a significant effect on A. nidus occupancy. Asplenium nidus had an aggregated spatial distribution at all scales within the study area. Spatial aggregation at larger scales appears to be driven by habitat preference, as A. nidus abundance was positively associated with swampy areas and negatively associated with hilly areas. At smaller scales, limited dispersal of their wind‐dispersed spores most likely explains the aggregated distribution. Larger individuals occurred higher in the canopy and were more common in the hilly area. Thus, the distribution of A. nidus may represent a trade‐off between the availability of suitable microsites for establishment in the understory and better growth conditions higher in the canopy. However, A. nidus is known to comprise a complex of cryptic species, and future studies should incorporate molecular techniques to elucidate the potential role of speciation in explaining these patterns.
Scalar dark matter clumps with angular momentum

The behavior of light scalar dark matter has been a subject of much interest recently as it can lead to interesting small scale behavior. In particular, this can lead to the formation of gravitationally bound clumps for these light scalars, including axions. In ref. [1] we analyzed the behavior of these clumps, assuming spherical symmetry, allowing for both attractive and repulsive self-interactions. There is a maximum allowed mass for the clumps in the case of attractive interactions, and a minimum radius for the clumps in the case of repulsive interactions, which is saturated at large mass. Here we extend this work to include non-spherically symmetric clumps. Since the system tries to re-organize into a BEC ground state, we consider configurations with a conserved non-zero angular momentum, and construct minimum energy configurations at fixed particle number and fixed angular momentum. We find generalizations of the previous spherically symmetric results. In particular, while there is still a maximum mass for the attractive case, its value increases with angular momentum. Also, the minimum radius in the repulsive case is raised to higher radii. We clarify how a recent claim in the literature of an upper bound on angular momentum is due to inaccurate numerics. In a forthcoming paper we shall investigate the possibility of resonance of axion clumps into both visible and hidden sector photons, and analyze how the altered mass and radius from non-zero angular momentum affects the resonance.
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Kenaf and Steel Hybrid Fibre

This paper presents the effect of kenaf fibre and steel fibre mixed and added into reinforced concrete beams. In investigating the structural behaviour of the beams, four-point bending tests were conducted on six beams by considering two distinct parameters; (i) shear reinforcement arrangement (ii) volume of fraction of kenaf fibre and steel fibre. The experimental work consists of six beams, three beams with full shear reinforcement added with fibres by a volume fraction of Vf = 0%, Vf = 1% and Vf = 2%, respectively. Whilst, the other three beams tested with a reduced amount of shear reinforcement added with fibres with a volume fraction of, Vf = 0, Vf = 1% and Vf = 2% were examined. The beam with Vf = 0% kenaf and steel fibre in full shear reinforcement was taken as the control beam. The experimental result suggests promising enhancement of the load carrying capacity (up to 29%) and ductility (up to 22%) as well as controlled crack propagation for the beams with Vf = 1%. Additionally, it was observed that addition of fibres changes the mode of failure of the beam from brittle to a more ductile manner.
Measurement of transverse-single-spin asymmetries for midrapidity and forward-rapidity production of hadrons in polarized p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$200 and 62.4 GeV

Measurements of transverse-single-spin asymmetries ($A_{N}$) in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$62.4 and 200 GeV with the PHENIX detector at RHIC are presented. At midrapidity, $A_{N}$ is measured for neutral pion and eta mesons reconstructed from diphoton decay, and at forward rapidities, neutral pions are measured using both diphotons and electromagnetic clusters. The neutral-pion measurement of $A_{N}$ at midrapidity is consistent with zero with uncertainties a factor of 20 smaller than previous publications, which will lead to improved constraints on the gluon Sivers function. At higher rapidities, where the valence quark distributions are probed, the data exhibit sizable asymmetries. In comparison with previous measurements in this kinematic region, the new data extend the kinematic coverage in $\sqrt{s}$ and $p_T$, and it is found that the asymmetries depend only weakly on $\sqrt{s}$. The origin of the forward $A_{N}$ is presently not understood quantitatively. The extended reach to higher $p_T$ probes the transition between transverse momentum dependent effects at low $p_T$ and multi-parton dynamics at high $p_T$.
Speciation of Uranium in Fernald Soils by Molecular Spectroscopic Methods: Characterization of Untreated Soils

A combination of X-ray absorption, optical luminescence, and Raman vibrational spectroscopies along with ancillarytechniques such as energy dispersive scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction have been used to determine the chemical form of uranium in contaminated soils from the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) former uranium production facility located at Fernald, OH (30 km NW of Cincinnati). The analyses described here have been carried out on soil samples prior to the application of various decontamination technologies under developmentwithin the DOE's Uranium in Soils Integrated Demonstration Project. X-ray absorption studies have shown that ∼75-95% of the uranium in bulk samples from the site are in the hexavalent oxidation state. Because of the variety of source terms having several initial oxidation states, this consistency in oxidation state indicates that weathering has had an important role in determining the chemical form of the uranium in the soil. The application of complementary spectroscopic techniques has enabled us to identify specific chemical forms of much of this uranium, namely, autunite-like and schoepite-like phases. Additional uranium minerals were also noted, and their photodecomposition and spatial correlation with source term suggest that they may be uranium species complexed by photochemically degradable organic ligands.
Testing Structural Changes in the U.S. Whitefish Import Market: An Inverse Demand System Approach

The seafood market has changed substantially in recent decades, becoming increasingly globalized. This has led to introduction of new species and new sources of fish in most markets. We estimate a seafood demand system that, unlike models in previous studies, accounts for potential structural shifts caused by these market changes. We investigate the impact of tilapia as a new species and China as a new source on demand for imported whitefish in the United States. The results indicate that price flexibilities change substantially over time and that the structural shift takes place over a prolonged period.
Speech comprehension and neural oscillations in acoustic and electrical hearing

Cette these s'inscrit dans le cadre du modele des oscillations neuronales et vise a fournir des elements sur le role des differents mecanismes oscillatoires dans le traitement des elements temporels chez des individus normo-entendants. Sur le plan clinique, cette these vise a appliquer le modele des oscillations dans le traitement de la parole afin d'investiguer les proprietes d'echantillonnage du cortex auditif gauche et droit chez les individus porteurs d'implants cochleaires bilateraux, et a mettre celles-ci en lien avec nos connaissances sur le traitement asymetrique des elements spectraux chez les normo-entendants. L'ensemble des resultats suggere que les oscillations neuronales constituent un outil fondamental pour modeliser la perception de la parole et distinguer les processus d'encodage et de decodage a differents niveaux du systeme auditif.
Selected volatile organic compound emissions and performance of oriented strandboard from extracted southern pine.

The impact of a hot water extraction procedure on select volatile organic compound emissions during pressing, as well as on properties of oriented strandboard (OSB) was evaluated. Southern pine strands were extracted with hot water using a rotating digester at 160°C for 22.9 or 53.6 min. Weight loss for the two extraction conditions was 6.3 ± 0.1% (short time) and 9.3 ± 0.9% (long time). The extract contained a mixture of hemicelluloses, acetic acid, and lignin. OSB panels were manufactured both with and without adhesive. The emissions (phenol, methanol, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde) without adhesive present decreased from 38.2 to 24.2 mg/kg (oven-dry wood) as a result of the high severity factor (HSF) extraction. When adhesive was used, emissions totaled 22.1, 17.0, and 15.6 mg/kg (oven-dry wood) for control, low severity factor, and HSF, respectively. Water sorption and thickness swell were significantly reduced in panels made from extracted strands. Flexural modulus of elasticity of extracted panels exhibited significant increases in both dry and wet conditions. The flexural modulus of rupture and internal bond were slightly reduced in the dry condition as weight loss increased. The extraction procedure shows promise for improving a variety of properties of OSB, including performance, reduced environmental impact, and generation of a valuable chemical feedstock byproduct.
Automated Feedback Selection for Robot-Assisted Training

Abstract Robot-assisted training can be enhanced by using augmented feedback to support trainees during learning. Efficacy of augmented feedback is assumed to be dependent on the trainee's skill level and task characteristics. Thus, selecting the most efficient augmented feedback for individual subjects over the course of training is challenging. We present a general concept to automate feedback selection based on predicted performance improvement. As proof of concept, we applied our concept to trunkarm rowing. Using existing data, the assumption that improvement is skill level dependent was verified and a predictive linear mixed model was obtained. We used this model to automatically select feedback for new trainees. The observed improvements were used to adapt the prediction model to the individual subject. The prediction model did not over-fit and generalized to new subjects with this adaptation. Mainly, feedback was selected that showed the highest baseline to retention learning in previous studies. By this replication of our former best results we demonstrate that a simple decision rule based on improvement prediction has the potential to reasonably select feedback, or to provide a comprehensible suggestion to a human supervisor. To our knowledge, this is the first time an automated feedback selection has been realized in motor learning.
The genetic correlation between educational attainment, intracranial volume and IQ is due to recent polygenic selection on general cognitive ability

This is the first paper to report evidence of a cross-population genetic correlation between educational attainment and IQ. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the underlying genetic structure resulting from recent (after the out of Africa migration, about 60Kya) directional selection. Converging evidence from two different genetic databases (1000 Genomes and ALFRED, comprising 14 populations and 8 racial groups, respectively) and two independent sets of genes (14 in total) found by GWAS to have a significant association with IQ and Educational Attainment, reveals a high correlation (around 0.9) between these two social science constructs across populations and ethnic groups. This correlation in turn provided convergent validity for the genetic measures identified with PCA. Two alleles associated with higher intracranial volume were positively correlated to the two PCs. A separate analysis carried out on an independent set of alleles related to human stature suggests that this trait was subject to different directional selective pressures and provided evidence for the discriminant validity of alleles supposedly related to IQ and educational attainment. One-way ANOVA showed that the average frequencies of height increasing alleles for three racial groups (East Asian, Sub-Saharan African and European) differed significantly and that Africans had significantly higher frequencies than East Asians. A significant negative genetic correlation (r around 0.9) between height and intelligence was found at a cross-population level, contrasting the generally positive correlation found within populations. Evolutionary explanations in terms of Allen’s rule and the theory of cold winters are attempted. The GWAS hits for height were from studies carried out on different ethnic groups, and the converging results suggests that the same genes have similar effects across racial groups. This paper provides evidence that Principal Component Analysis and ANOVA can be used to detect deviations from random drift and detect directional selection on polygenic traits in recent human evolutionary history.
Nitrogen-source related effects on drought stress response in Medicago truncatula

Klimawandel und die Zerstorung naturlicher Okosysteme durch konventionelle extensive Landwirtschaft zahlen zu den wichtigsten Themenkreisen der Zukunft. Es gilt zwei synergistische Strategien anzuwenden: Erstens, Vermeidung zusatzlicher Umweltverschmutzung. Zweitens, Anpassen von Saatgut und Anbaumethoden an un- gunstige klimatische Bedingungen, im Besonderen an die Folgen der globalen Erwarmung. Die Forschung an Leguminosen verspricht beide Anspruche zu erfullen. Leguminosen sind sogar unter Stickstoff limitierten Bedingungen produktiv und einige Arten sind bekannt fur ihre Trockentoleranz. Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Art der Stickstoffquelle fur eine Abschwachung der Trockenstresssymptome von Bedeutung ist. Die Mechanismen dahinter sind jedoch noch nicht bekannt. Der Modellorganismus Medicago truncatula Gaertn. stellt ein geeignetes System dar, um die Biologie der Leguminosen und deren Symbiose mit luftstickstofffixierenden Bakterien umfassend zu studieren. Wahrend dieser Arbeit wurden Nitrat-gedungte mit sybiontischen Pflanzen verglichen und deren jeweilige Antwort auf Trockenstress analysiert. Physiologische und proteomische Studien wurden durchgefuhrt: Wurzel/Spross Ver- haltnisse, der relative Wassergehalt des Substrats, stomatare Dichte und Leitfahigkeit, PSII Effizienz, naturliche Abundanzen von stabilen Isotopen und das Spross Proteom wurden unter verschiedenen Stickstoffquellen- und Wassermangelbedingungen bestimmt. Die generelle Vergleichbarkeit der unterschiedlich ernahrten Pflanzen wurde durch physiologische Messungen bestatigt. Jene Pflanzen, die mit Nitrat gedungt wurden, wiesen unter erheblichen Trockenstressbedingungen eine Minderung PSII Effizienz auf, wohingegen die Effizienz der symbionischen Pflanzen unverandert blieb. Dies ist ein Hinweis auf ein erhohtes Stressniveau der gedungten Pflanzen. Proteomische Analysen des Sprossmaterials liesen grundlegende Unterschiede zwischen den jeweiligen Kontrollen von gedungten und symbiontischen Pflanzen sichtbar werden. Symbiontische Medicago truncatula Pflanzen hatten im Vergleich zu gedungten Plfanzen hohere Abundanzen von enzymatischen Antioxidantien und von Enzymen der nicht-photo- synthetischen Energiegewinnung. Des Weiteren, war die Art der Antowort auf Trockenstress unterschiedlich. Das Expressionslevel der auf Wasserdefizit reagierenden Proteine wurde in gedungten Pflanzen gernerell erhoht, wohingegen in symbiontischen der genau gegenteilige Trend beobachtet wurde. Diese Ergebnisse fuhrten zur folgenden Hypothese: Die erhohte Trockentoleranz in symbiontischen Pflanzen konnte durch die, unter Kontrollbedingungen, hohere Abundanz an enzymatischen Antioxidantien und an Enzymen des zentralen Kohlenstoffmetabolismus bedingt sein. Somit konnten die durch Trockenstress vermehrt entstehenden reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies schneller beseitigt werden und ATP dem Chloroplasten zur Verfugung gestellt werden, um dort den schadlichen Effekten einer verminderten Photophosphorylierung entgegen zu wirken.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of High-Redshift Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Disappearing Narrow-Line Regions and the Role of Accretion

We present new near-infrared spectroscopic measurements for 29 luminous high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and use the data to discuss the size and other properties of the narrow-line regions (NLRs) in those sources. The high-resolution spectra have been used to carefully model the Fe II blends and to provide reliable [O III] λ5007, Fe II, and Hβ measurements. We find that about two-thirds of all very high luminosity sources show strong [O III] λ5007 lines, while the remaining objects show no or very weak such lines. While weak [O III] λ5007 emitters are also found among lower luminosity AGNs, we argue that the implications for very high luminosity objects are different. In particular, we suggest that the averaging of these two populations in other works gave rise to claims of a Baldwin relationship in [O III] λ5007, which is not confirmed by our data. We also argue that earlier proposed relations of the type RNLR ∝ L, where RNLR is the radius of the NLR, are theoretically sound, yet they must break down for RNLR exceeding a few kiloparsecs. This suggests that the NLR properties in high-luminosity sources are very different from those observed in nearby AGNs. In particular, we suggest that some sources lost their very large, dynamically unbound NLR, while others are in a phase of violent star-forming events that produce a large quantity of high-density gas in the central kiloparsec. This gas is ionized and excited by the central radiation source, and its spectroscopic properties may be different from those observed in nearby, lower luminosity NLRs. We also discuss the dependence of EW (Hβ) and Fe II/Hβ on luminosity, black hole mass, and accretion rate for a large sample of AGNs. The strongest dependence of the two quantities is on the accretion rate, and the Fe II/Hβ correlation is probably due to the EW (Hβ) dependence on accretion rate. We show the most extreme values measured so far of Fe II/Hβ and address its correlation with EW ([O III] λ5007).
A preliminary survey of aflatoxin in fresh anddried vegetables in Minna, Nigeria

Aflatoxins are a group of fungal toxins that contaminate foods and feeds with adverse health impact on human beings and animals. A total of sixty vegetable samples comprising of 30 fresh and 30 dried samples were analyzed for the four major aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The vegetable samples were made up of baobab leaves (Adansonia digitata) (20), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) (20) and red hot chili pepper (RCP) (Capsicum annuum) (20) from Minna, Nigeria. The mycotoxins were not found in baobab leaves and okra but detected in 60% of the hot chili pepper samples analyzed at a total aflatoxin concentration of up 19. 45μg/kg. Ten of the twenty hot chili samples had aflatoxin concentrations above the European Union maximum tolerance level of 4μg/kg for total aflatoxin which raises public health concern.