Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distance Measurements: Continuous‐Wave (CW)‐ and Pulsed Dipolar EPR

Information on long range distances between selected sites is a prerequisite to understanding the detailed structure of complex systems. In NMR utilizing a spin label, it is possible to measure distances in the range between 8 Å to, at most, 25 Å . On the other hand, with EPR, distances in the range between about 10 and 90 Å can and have been measured. EPR spectroscopy may be the best practical technique for complex systems, since methods such as small angle scattering, X ray scattering and small angle neutron scattering have insuffi cient contrast whereas fl uorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) lacks key virtues of EPR noted below. Distance measurements in EPR are based on exploitation of the dipolar interaction ( DI ), that depends on the distance between two paramagnetic probes, and which may be identical or may differ from each other, and are located at different spatial positions in the sample. They can be introduced using site directed mutagenesis (also known as site directed spin labeling ; SDSL ), a technique which enables the investigation of, for example, proteins and other biomolecules. In fact, the signature of the DI can be clearly seen in CW EPR spectra under favorable circ umstances for short distances. On the other hand, in pulsed EPR [hereafter referred to as pulsed dipolar spectroscopy ; PDS ), experiments can be designed specifi cally to clearly distinguish the dipolar interaction. The two commonly used PDS techniques are: (i) pulsed electron double resonance ( PELDOR ; this term was originally coined by the Russians, who fi rst developed the technique), which is also referred to as double electron electron resonance ( DEER ; this term was introduced later in the USA, and will be used hereafter in this chapter); and (ii) double quantum coherence ( DQC ) EPR. DEER requires an experimental arrangement which is relatively simple to implement and is currently available commercially. On the other hand, DQC requires instrumentation that can provide short, intense pulses and extensive “ phase cycling ” . The quantitative results so obtained can be exploited to obtain distances, their distributions, and orientational correlations. Neither the DEER (PELDOR) nor DQC acronyms indicate that these techniques deal exclusively with dipolar
Comparison of radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of specific conditions of the distal tarsal bones of horses: 20 cases (2006-2010).

OBJECTIVE To describe pathological findings identified with MRI in the distal tarsal bones of horses with unilateral hind limb lameness attributable to tarsal pain and to compare the usefulness of MRI with that of radiography and nuclear scintigraphy in evaluation of this region. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 20 lame horses. PROCEDURES In all horses, MRI, radiography (4 standard projections), and nuclear scintigraphy of the tarsus had been performed. Horses were excluded if the results of all 3 imaging modalities were not available or if lameness was detected in more than 1 limb. Pathological changes identified with MRI were cross-referenced with the findings determined with other imaging modalities. RESULTS Compared with MRI findings, the following lesions were identified with radiography: medullary and subchondral bone sclerosis in 9 of 16 horses, pathological changes related to osseous hyperintensity in 0 of 10 horses, and osteoarthritis in 5 of 8 horses. Standard radiographic projections did not aid in the identification of fracture of the distal tarsal bones (3 horses). Location of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake with nuclear scintigraphy corresponded with the location of pathological changes detected with MRI in all horses. The intensity of the radiopharmaceutical uptake on nuclear scintigraphic images did not correspond with the severity of the pathological changes identified with MRI. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Radiography was unreliable for the detection of pathological changes related to osseous hyperintensity identified with MRI, fracture, and subchondral bone sclerosis in the equine tarsus. Nuclear scintigraphy was effective in localizing pathological changes, but MRI provided superior anatomic detail.
Endothelin-1 and Nitric Oxide in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

Aim. To establish the role of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of hypertension in patients on chronic aemodyalisis by correlating endothelin-1 and NO plasma concentrations to the level of arterial hypertension with respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy. Methods. We determined plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and NO in patients on chronic hemodialysis (CHD) before and after hemodialysis treatment. The study included 30 CHD patients and 20 healthy participants as controls. Correlation to blood pressure was determined, as well as the effect of ACE inhibitors on the relationship between both endothelin-1 and NO in correlation with arterial hypertension. Main findings.Endothelin-1 plasma concentration was significantly higher in CHD patients before hemodialysis treatment than in healthy controls. Endothelin-1 plasma concentration was also significantly higher in CHD patients after hemodialysis than in healthy controls. There was a significant decrease in endothelin-1 plasma concentration after hemodialysis in comparison with its values before hemodialysis. In CHD patients, a positive correlation was found between endothelin-1 plasma concentration and systolic blood pressure after hemodialysis, irrespective of ACE inhibitors therapy. In CHD patients taking ACE inhibitors, systolic blood pressure increased with increasing endothelin-1 plasma concentration before as well as after hemodialysis. In patients taking ACE inhibitors, there was a tendency for diastolic blood pressure to increase with an increase in endothelin-1 plasma concentration after hemodialysis and to decrease with an increase in NO plasma concentration. Conclusion. NO and endothelin-1 play a significant role in etiology of the hemodynamic changes of blood pressure during the dialysis.
Staff nurse engagement in health facility design.

Nearly $200 billion of healthcare construction is expected by the year 2015, and nurse leaders must expand their knowledge and capabilities in healthcare design. This bimonthly department prepares nurse leaders to use the evidencebased design process to ensure that new, expanded, and renovated hospitals facilitate optimal patient outcomes, enhance the work environment for healthcare providers, and improve organizational performance. In this article, the author uses Kanter’s theory of empowerment to describe how nurse leaders can fully engage staff in health facility design.
Human intestinal spirochetosis diagnosed with colonoscopy and analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequences of involved spirochetes

Abstract DNA was extracted from colonic biopsies of 33 patients with and three without evidence of intestinal spirochetosis (IS) in the large bowel. The biopsies were subjected to PCR. A pair of primers, generating a 207 bp fragment, were designed to detect specifically the 16S rDNA gene of Brachyspira. PCR products of the expected size were obtained from 33 samples with histologic evidence of IS. The PCR amplicons were used for sequencing. The sequences obtained were aligned to the corresponding 16S rRNA sequences of five type strains of Brachyspira. The sequences of 23 PCR products were 99–100% identical with the correspond-ing B. aalborgi type strain sequence. Two cases showed 99–100% sequence similarity with the type strain of B. pilosicoli P43/6/78. Six cases could not be referred to any of the known species of Brachyspira. Two PCR products gave incomplete sequences.
Issues with using only regression models for ecotoxicity studies

Intent. The intent of Learned Discourses is to provide a forum for open discussion. These articles reflect the professional opinions of the authors regarding scientific issues. They do not represent SETAC positions or policies. And, although they are subject to editorial review for clarity, consistency, and brevity, these articles are not peer reviewed. The Learned Discourses date from 1996 in the North America SETAC News and, when that publication was replaced by the SETAC Globe, continued there through 2005. The continued success of Learned Discourses depends on our contributors. We encourage timely submissions that will inform and stimulate discussion. We expect that many of the articles will address controversial topics, and promise to give dissenting opinions a chance to be heard. Rules. All submissions must be succinct: no longer than 1000 words, no more than 6 references, and at most one table or figure. Reference format must follow the journal requirement found on the Internet at http://www. setacjournals.org. Topics must fall within IEAM’s sphere of interest. Submissions. All manuscripts should be sent via email as Word attachments to Peter M Chapman (peter@chapmanenviro.com). e: im ly Sien ti Learned Discourses Editor Peter M Chapman Chapema Environmental Strategies Ltd. 1324 West 22nd Avenue North Vancouver, BC V7P2G4 peter@chapmanenviro.com
Lipid Droplet-associated Proteins Are Involved in the Biosynthesis and Hydrolysis of Triacylglycerol in Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin*

Mycobacteria store triacylglycerols (TGs) in the form of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) during hypoxia-induced nonreplicating persistence. These bacteria are phenotypically drug-resistant and therefore are believed to be the cause for prolonged tuberculosis treatment. LDs are also associated with bacilli in tuberculosis patient sputum and hypervirulent strains. Although proteins bound to LDs are well characterized in eukaryotes, the identities and functions of such proteins have not been described in mycobacteria. Here, we have identified five proteins: Tgs1 (BCG3153c), Tgs2 (BCG3794c), BCG1169c, BCG1489c, and BCG1721, which are exclusively associated with LDs purified from hypoxic nonreplicating Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Disruption of genes tgs1, tgs2, BCG1169c, and BCG1489c in M. bovis BCG revealed that they are indeed involved in TG metabolism. We also characterized BCG1721, an essential bi-functional enzyme capable of promoting buildup and hydrolysis of TGs, depending on the metabolic state. Nonreplicating mycobacteria overexpressing a BCG1721 construct with an inactive lipase domain displayed a phenotype of attenuated TG breakdown and regrowth upon resuscitation. In addition, by heterologous expression in baker's yeast, these mycobacterial proteins also co-localized with LDs and complemented a lipase-deficient yeast strain, indicating that neutral lipid deposition and homeostasis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms are functionally related. The demonstrated functional role of BCG1721 to support growth upon resuscitation makes this novel LD-associated factor a potential new target for therapeutic intervention.
Perforation of the terminal ileum. A review of 38 cases

PERFORATION of the terminal ileum is a common abdominal emergency in West Africa. It ranked fifth in the abdominal emergencies a t University Hospital, Ibadan (Cole, 1964). This type of perforation is seen in other centres (Fig. I). The cause has been the subject of considerable speculation (Bowesman, 1960; Evans-Amfon, 1963), the Ascaris worm, trauma, tuberculous ulceration, foreign bodies, amoebiasis, and typhoid fever being among the postulated causes. The nature of the problem can best be illustrated by a typical case history.
Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus Species Remain Fully Susceptible to Voriconazole in the Post-Voriconazole Era

ABSTRACT We studied the activity of voriconazole against 400 clinical strains of Aspergillus from the pre-voriconazole (1999 to 2002) and post-voriconazole (2003 to 2007) periods. Although the mean MICs of strains from the post-voriconazole period were slightly higher (0.39 versus 0.57 μg/ml; P < 0.001), all strains were susceptible to voriconazole and presented an MIC of ≤2 μg/ml.
Endogenously Procyclical Liquidity, Capital Reallocation, and q

By analyzing a stochastic equilibrium with endogenous liquidity in the capital market, this paper explains the puzzling fact that capital reallocation across firms is procyclical while dispersion in Tobin's q across firms is acyclical or counter cyclical. Capital is reallocated across firms through a frictional market modeled by search and matching. The market tightness captures liquidity in this market and is endogenously determined as buyers choose whether to enter the market. Capital creation is also endogenous as capital makers choose whether to incur a cost to make capital. When aggregate productivity increases, more capital is created. At the same time, more buyers enter the capital market to buy capital in an attempt to capture the increased value of a productive firm. As a result, market liquidity increases and more capital is reallocated. The price of capital increases, which increases q of low-value firms and reduces q of high-value firms. The mean and standard deviation in q across firms respond ambiguously to an increase in aggregate productivity. These results are robust to the addition of heterogeneity in firm-specific productivity.
The Role of Speed of Processing, Rapid Naming, and Phonological Awareness in Reading Achievement

This study investigated the role of speed of processing, rapid naming, and phonological awareness in reading achievement. Measures of response time in motor, visual, lexical, grammatical, and phonological tasks were administered to 279 children in third grade. Measures of rapid object naming, phonological awareness, and reading achievement were given in second and fourth grades. Reading group comparisons indicated that poor readers were proportionally slower than good readers across response time measures and on the rapid object naming task. These results suggest that some poor readers have a general deficit in speed of processing and that their problems in rapid object naming are in part a reflection of this deficit. Hierarchical regression analyses further showed that when considered along with IQ and phonological awareness, speed of processing explained unique variance in reading achievement. This finding suggests that a speed of processing deficit may be an “extraphonological” factor in some reading disabilities.
[Study on the antitussive and antiasthmatic effects of Radix Fici Hirtae].

OBJECTIVE To observe the antitussive and antiasthmatic effects of Radix Fici Hirtae (RFH). METHODS Antitussive effects were observed by ammonia water steaming test in mice and by citric acid test in guinea pigs. Antiasthmatic actions in guinea pigs were observed by histamine and acetylcholine ultrasonic atomization test, involved isolated guinea pig tracheal smoth muscle experiment and anaphylactic shock of guinea pigs. RESULTS RFH decreased the frequency of cough induced by ammonia in mice and by citric acid in guinea pig, prolonged the latent period of cough and inhibited the experimental asthma by histamine and acetylcholine solution in conscious guinea pigs, antagonisted the contraction of tracheal smooth muscle by histamine phosphate in guinea pigs and could compete anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs. CONCLUSION RFH has obvious antitussive and antiasthmatic effects.
Audit Expectation Gap: Fraud Detection and Other Factors

Financial information is an essential element in our society and in our economic system, as it plays a decisive role in the relationship between the various social agents. Therefore, this financial information must have a high level of quality, transparency and credibility. The expectation gap is the difference between the responsibility that auditors believe they have in developing their professional activity, and that which the users of the financial information attribute to them. Numerous analysed studies confirm that the audit expectation gap exists. Among the profusion of possible causes, the studies coincide in highlighting fraud detection, independence, erroneous expectations, nature of the audit process and the “going concern” analysis. Once the main factors have been presented, the article takes an in-depth look at one of these factors: the role of the auditor when fraud is detected.
Ketamine versus magnesium sulfate with caudal bupivacaine block in pediatric inguinoscrotal surgery: A prospective randomized observer-blinded study

Introduction: Possible approaches for postoperative analgesia after pediatric inguinoscrotal surgery are caudal block by bupivacaine/ketamine (BK) and bupivacaine/magnesium sulfate (BM). Aim: The purpose of the following study is to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of ketamine and magnesium sulfate in combination with bupivacaine for caudal blockade in pediatric patients after inguinoscrotal operations. Materials and Methods: Patients randomly received one of the two solutions for caudal epidural injection after induction of general anesthesia. Group-BK: Were given a mixture of 0.25% bupivacaine and 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine. Group-BM: Were given a mixture of 0.25% bupivacaine and 50 mg magnesium sulfate. Postoperatively, a blinded post-anesthesia care unit nurse assessed the quality of analgesia with a visual pain analog scale (VPAS). Significant pain is defined as one that has a VAPS of ≥3. Results: Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II children (20 in each group) completed the study. The two groups were comparable regards age, sex, body mass index, anesthesia and surgery durations, recovery time and sevoflurane concentration. The mean duration of caudal analgesia ± standard deviation was 462 ± 17.2 min versus 398.05 ± 12.9 min for BK and BM groups, receptively (P < 0.001). Supplemental rectal paracetamol within 12 h postoperatively were 15% for BK group versus 25% for BM (P = 0.05). Four patients in BK group only experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting (P = 0.053). Conclusion: Caudal administration of BK is efficient and safe for pediatric inguinoscrotal operations with longer postoperative analgesia than BM sulfate.
Service Offshoring, Productivity, and Employment: Evidence from the United States

On a conventional pipe wrench, an L-shaped lever arm has the short bisected arm segment cooperatively disposed over and secured by a fixed pivot to a linear extention of the threaded section of the adjustable pipe jaw. A free pivot disposed at the terminus of the bisected arm secures a roller between and in the short bisected arm segment. The L-shaped lever arm and pivoted roller are adaptively sized and shaped to provide a lock means for the pipe jaw when the lever handle is pressed down against the pipe wrench handle, locking the roller against the wrench handle by compressing the roller in detent against the wrench handle.
Personal and Situational Variables That Describe Coping With Acute Stress in Competitive Sport

Abstract The authors examined the degree to which competitive basketball players in Australia were consistent in their cognitive appraisals and coping strategies in response to 4 types of stressful situations that they had experienced during previous basketball games as functions of perceived stress intensity. The authors predicted that both approach and avoidance coping strategies would be dependent on the type of stressful event, in accord with the transactional model. The results supported that prediction: Approach strategies were more prevalent than avoidance strategies following 3 of the 4 events. Cognitive appraisals and perceived stress intensity also strongly influenced the participants' use of coping strategies, accounting for 34% of the variance.
Antigen‐specific B cells are required for the secondary response of T cells but not for their priming

We studied the potential role of B cells in T cell responses using severe‐combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice grafted with the thymus from fetal C.B‐17 mice (TG mice). These mice developed both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not B cells within 2 months after transplantation. TG mice showed normal delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses against the immunizing antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Lymph node (LN) cells of TG mice proliferated well in response to concanavalin A (Con A). Further, Con A stimulation induced the production of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐6 and interferon (IFN)‐γ and the expression of IL‐4 mRNA. Thus, TG mice were reconstituted without remarkable immunodeficiency. However, these T cells failed to proliferate to OVA stimulation. Response to OVA was also inhibited in SCID mice grafted with fetal C.B‐17 liver cells when B cells were depleted in the proliferation assay. Unresponsiveness against immunizing antigen was restored by the addition of antigen‐primed B cells, but not by naive B cells, lipopolysaccharide‐activated B cells or B cells primed with sheep red blood cells. Next, we examined whether antigen‐primed B cells could induce T cell responses without professional antigen‐presenting cells (APC). T and B cells were purified from OVA‐immunized mice by cell sorter. These T cells proliferated in response to OVA and produced IFN‐γ in the absence of non‐B APC. When anti‐CD80 or anti‐CD86 was added in the assay, proliferation and IFN‐γ production was inhibited. These results indicate that B cells activated specifically with antigen are required for the secondary response of T cells, but not for their priming.
DAMPAK INTERAKSI ANTARA KEBIJAKAN UTANG DAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DALAM MENILAI PERUSAHAAN

This research aimed to examine and know empirical evidence of the positive effect of debt policy on firm's value with dividend policy as moderating variable. Samples used in this research were manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 4 years observation period (2007-2010). Total samples were 13 companies. The data were collected by using purposive sampling method. The result of moderated regression analysis (MRA) showed that debt policy did not effe ct firm's value with dividend policy as moderating variable. Thus, the hypothesis of the research was not empirically supported.
The role of contractual and non-contractual relations between transport buyers and providers, in an environmental context

The aim of this paper is to describe the relationship between transport buying companies and carriers, with a focus on the transport contracts in Sweden for land based transports. Based on the aim of this study, the following research questions have been defined: How can contracts be categorized? What is the average duration and flexibility of the transport contracts to external changes? and Which environmental related elements are commonly regulated in the contracts? Based on a literature review and interviews with people on strategic positions in the transport industry, we have conducted a web-survey. In addition to contractual agreements the survey also tried to capture the relation on environmental issues, as well as the experienced logistics performance over time. Results from the survey indicates that the suggested contract categorisation from the literature was not well known by the respondents, the average duration of contracts was 1-2 years and the majority of contracts includes a fuel clause, but not many environmental requirements. Further, the analysis indicates that companies with long term contracts set environmental requirements to a larger extend and that there is a positive significant relation between the companies’ environmental work with in the transport operation and their perception of an improved logistics performance, both in terms of quality and cost.