Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) as a test of surgical treatment effectiveness in Graves-Basedow's diseases].

The aim of the study was to assess the relations between the concentration of antibodies against TSH receptors (TRAb) and the outcome of the surgical treatment in Graves-Basedow's disease. The studies were performed in 30 patients (age range--18-50, mean -37) operated on for Graves-Basedow's disease and in 20 healthy controls. In control group, the TRAb concentration was mean -2.75 +/- 2.06 U/l, the TSH mean -1.06 +/- 0.53 mlU/l, and FT4 mean -14.71 +/- 2.15 pmol/l. The thyroid volume was mean -14.45 +/- 2.37 ml. In the group operated on antibody concentration was determined before and 12 months after the surgery. The TSH and FT4 concentrations were also determined before and 12 months after the operation. Moreover, the size of the thyroid remnant was assessed ultrasonographically 12 months after the procedure. The results showed the effectiveness of the surgical treatment, i.e. hyperthyroidism was not observed in 22 out of 30 patients. Among these 22 patients, euthyreosis was found in 14 cases (46%) and hypothyreosis was observed in 8 cases (27%). In the euthyreosis group, the pre-operative TRAb concentration was mean -24.00 +/- 11.04 U/l. 12 months after the operation, the decreased levels of antibodies were found in 13 patients (mean -6.14 +/- 5.71 U/l). In the hypothyreosis group, the pre-operative TRAb concentration was mean -24.50 +/- 10.43 U/l. After the surgical procedure, TRAb levels were normal in all patients, the average values being 2.13 +/- 1.34 U/l. In 8 patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism (27%), TRAb concentration before the surgery was higher, mean -107.25 +/- 56.69 U/l. 12 months after subtotal strumectomy, the patients in this group still did not show normal TRAb levels (mean -54.25 +/- 51.61 U/l). Moreover, the relations between the size of the thyroid remnant and the TRAb level were evaluated. In the group with recurrent hyperthyroidism and high TRAb levels, the thyroid size (volume) left was mean -12.10 +/- 6.25 ml, in the euthyreosis group mean -5.54 +/- 2.23 ml, while in the hypothyreosis group it was mean -4.86 +/- 1.14 ml.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approach to evaluate pharmacokinetics in patients with cancer

Potential differences in pharmacokinetics (PK) between healthy subjects and patients with cancer were investigated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic approach integrating demographic and physiological data from patients with cancer. Demographic data such as age, sex and body weight, and clinical laboratory measurements such as albumin, alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) and hematocrit were collected in ~2500 patients with cancer. A custom oncology population profile was built using the observed relationships among demographic variables and laboratory measurements in Simcyp® software, a population based ADME simulator. Patients with cancer were older compared with the age distribution in a built‐in healthy volunteer profile in Simcyp. Hematocrit and albumin levels were lower and AAG levels were higher in patients with cancer. The custom population profile was used to investigate the disease effect on the pharmacokinetics of two probe substrates, saquinavir and midazolam. Higher saquinavir exposure was predicted in patients relative to healthy subjects, which was explained by the altered drug binding due to elevated AAG levels in patients with cancer. Consistent with historical clinical data, similar midazolam exposure was predicted in patients and healthy subjects, supporting the hypothesis that the CYP3A activity is not altered in patients with cancer. These results suggest that the custom oncology population profile is a promising tool for the prediction of PK in patients with cancer. Further evaluation and extension of this population profile with more compounds and more data will be needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical and near infrared coverage of SN 2004et: physical parameters and comparison with other type IIP supernovae

We present new optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry and spectroscopy of the Type IIP supernova (SN), SN 2004et. In combination with already published data, this provides one of the most complete studies of optical and NIR data for any Type IIP SN from just after explosion to +500 d. The contribution of the NIR flux to the bolometric light curve is estimated to increase from 15 per cent at explosion to around 50 per cent at the end of the plateau and then declines to 40 per cent at 300 d. SN 2004et is one of the most luminous IIP SNe which has been well studied and characterized, and with a luminosity of log L= 42.3 erg s^(−1) and a ^(56)Ni mass of 0.06 ± 0.04 M_⊙, it is two times brighter than SN 1999em. We provide parametrized bolometric corrections as a function of time since explosion for SN 2004et and three other IIP SNe that have extensive optical and NIR data. These can be used as templates for future events in optical and NIR surveys without full wavelength coverage. We compare the physical parameters of SN 2004et with those of other well-studied IIP SNe and find that the kinetic energies span a range of 10^(50)–10^(51) erg. We compare the ejected masses calculated from hydrodynamic models with the progenitor masses and limits derived from pre-discovery images. Some of the ejected mass estimates are significantly higher than the progenitor mass estimates, with SN 2004et showing perhaps the most serious mass discrepancy. With the current models, it appears difficult to reconcile 100 d plateau lengths and high expansion velocities with the low ejected masses of 5–6 M_⊙ implied from 7–8 M_⊙ progenitors. The nebular phase is studied using very late-time Hubble Space Telescope photometry, along with optical and NIR spectroscopy. The light curve shows a clear flattening at 600 d in the optical and the NIR, which is likely due to the ejecta impacting on circumstellar material. We further show that the [O i] 6300, 6364 A line strengths in the nebular spectra of four Type IIP SNe imply ejected oxygen masses of 0.5–1.5 M_⊙.
Are psychiatrists affecting the legal process by answering legal questions?

BACKGROUND Psychiatrists are often asked to answer legal questions. The extent to which they answer strictly legal rather than medical matters is not known. AIM To investigate how strongly psychiatrists in England and Wales express opinions on one legal question - that of diminished responsibility in respect of a murder charge, and how this is related to outcome in court. METHOD Our data were extracted from psychiatric reports and case files supplied by the then Department of Constitutional Affairs (now the Ministry of Justice) on cases heard in the Crown Courts between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2001 in which the defence of diminished responsibility had been raised. The cases had been selected by the Law Commission in their earlier review of partial defences to murder. We devised a reliable system of rating the presence/absence and strength of expression of a legal opinion in the medical reports. We tested the data for relationship between nature and strength of opinion and progression to trial and verdict. RESULTS Psychiatric reports were available on 143 of 156 cases in which diminished responsibility was considered. They yielded 338 opinions on at least one aspect of diminished responsibility. In 110 (93%) of the 118 cases in which there was a diminished verdict, this was made without trial and, therefore, without reference to a jury. In only eight (27%) out of the 30 cases that went to trial, was a diminished responsibility verdict made. Half of the reports (169) gave a clear opinion on diminished responsibility, a third (121) invited the court to draw a particular conclusion and only 11% (36) provided relevant evidence without answering the legal questions. When there was an opinion or an invitation to make a finding on the legal question, a trial was less likely. A trial was also less likely if reports agreed on what the verdict should be. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatrists frequently answer the legal question of diminished responsibility. The judiciary and medical experts should join in research to examine the consequences of different styles or approaches in presentation of essentially similar evidence in court.
Economic incentives and settlement intentions of rural migrants: Evidence from China

ABSTRACT Based on a large, nationwide, household-level survey data set collected in 2014, this article investigates the effect of economic incentives on the destination choices of Chinese new-generation rural migrants. Empirical results show that economic incentives have a significant positive impact on the probability of rural migrants’ urban settlement intentions but with a diminishing marginal effect. We also find that the marginal effect of economic incentives on rural migrants’ urban settlement decreases with the distance to their hometown. Furthermore, the variations of the impacts of economic incentives on rural migrants’ settlement intentions are investigated with respect to education level, employment status, and regional heterogeneity. Finally, we discuss policy implications resulting from our empirical analysis.
Combined trabeculectomy and cataract extraction versus trabeculectomy alone in primary angle-closure glaucoma

Aims: To compare the long-term efficacy and safety of combined trabeculectomy and cataract extraction versus trabeculectomy alone in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Methods: Hospital files were retrospectively examined for 99 Chinese PACG patients; 75 patients underwent combined surgery and 24 underwent trabeculectomy alone. Success rates were assessed with the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The main outcome was the complete success rate defined as either a >20% reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) or an IOP that remained below 15 mm Hg, with no medications required. Results: Patients in the combined group and trabeculectomy group had a mean follow-up period of 25.8 (SD 10.8) months and 31.4 (8.9) months, respectively. Survival analysis showed that the complete success rate at 3 years was 56% in the combined group and 54% in the trabeculectomy group (p = 0.903). There were no significant differences between groups in either IOP or the number of glaucoma medications throughout the 3-year follow-up. The incidences of postoperative complications were similar between groups (p = 0.232). No additional IOP-lowering surgical procedures were required in the combined group, while 13 (54%) eyes in the trabeculectomy group required either cataract extraction or further IOP-lowering surgical procedures (p <0.001). Conclusion: In patients with PACG, the long-term IOP-lowering effect and surgical complications of combined trabeculectomy and cataract extraction are comparable with those of trabeculectomy alone. However, the combined surgery incurred fewer subsequent surgical interventions.
CLINICAL INEFFECTIVENESS OF IL-2 AND/OR IFNALPHA ADMINISTRATION AFTER AUTOLOGOUS PBSC TRANSPLANTATION IN PEDIATRIC

Clinical impact of sc administration of IL-2 and/or IFNalpha was studied in 23 pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (IFNalpha group) and sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, peripheral neuroepitelioma, neuroblastoma, and embryonic carcinoma (IL-2 + IFNalpha group) after autologous PBSC transplantation. Expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD38, CD56, CD71, CD122, and HLA-DR antigens, serum level of the soluble IL-2Ralpha, and NK activity against K562 cell line were evaluated in 11 patients representative for both types of immunotherapy. T and, more markedly, NK cell proliferation, induction of activation markers on the surface of T and NK subsets, and elevation of sIL-2Ralpha concentrations were seen in the IL-2+ IFNalpha subgroup. In the IFNalpha subgroup, the total number of lymphocytes and expression of activation markers remained unchanged, but the number of CD8+ T cells increased at the expense of CD4+ T and NK cells during the therapy. Cytotoxic activity against K562 cells was not influenced by the immunotherapy in either subgroup. No significant clinical benefit of the immunotherapy was seen in these patients compared to 27 control patients with relevant diagnoses who did not receive immunotherapy.
Spatio‐temporal distribution of chondromodulin‐I mRNA in the chicken embryo: Expression during cartilage development and formation of the heart and eye

To define genes specifically expressed in cartilage and during chondrogenesis, we compared by differential display‐polymerase chain reaction (DD‐PCR) the mRNA populations of differentiated sternal chondrocytes from chicken embryos with mRNA species modulated in vitro by retinoic acid (RA). Chondrocyte‐specific gene expression is downregulated by RA, and PCR‐amplified cDNAs from both untreated and RA‐modulated cells were differentially displayed. Amplification products only from RNA of untreated chondrocytes were further analyzed, and a cDNA‐fragment of the chondromodulin‐I (ChM‐I) mRNA was isolated. After obtaining full length cDNA clones, we have analyzed the mRNA expression patterns at different developmental stages by RNase protection assay and in situ hybridization. Analysis of different tissues and cartilage from 17‐day‐old chicken embryos showed ChM‐I mRNA only in chondrocytes. During somitogenesis of the chicken embryo, ChM‐I transcripts were detected in the notochord, the floor and the roof plate of the neural tube, and in cartilage precursor tissues such as the sclerotomes of the somites, the developing limbs, the pharyngeal arches, the otic vesicle, and the sclera. ChM‐I continued to be expressed in differentiated cartilages derived from these tissues and also in noncartilaginous domains of the developing heart and retina. Thus, in the chicken, the expression of ChM‐I is not restricted to mature cartilage but is already present during early development in precartilaginous tissues as well as in heart and eye. Dev Dyn 1999;216:233–243. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EMPLOYABILITY OF POSTGRADUATE SCHOLARS STUDYING IN HIGHER AGRICULTURE EDUCATION

Employability refers to a person's capability of gaining initial employment, maintaining employment, and obtaining new employment if required (Hillage and Pollard, 1998). In simple terms, employability is about being capable of getting and keeping fulfilling work. More comprehensively, employability is the capability to move self-sufficiently within the labour market to realise potential through sustainable employment. For individuals, employability depends on the knowledge, skills and abilities they possess, the way they use those assets and present them to the employers and the context in which they seek work. Employability is not just about vocational and academic skills. Individuals need relevant and usable labour market information to help them make informed decisions about the labour market options available to them. The factors that help people employable include the knowledge and abilities relating to a particular job, the ability to identify suitable job opportunities, self presentation on resumes and at interviews and external factors such as the job market and personal circumstances. The agricultural graduates and ? Abstract post graduates should be enabled with some marketable professional abilities and employability skills to be successful in this competitive technology driven world. Youth unemployability has been at an increasing rate in India. Despite the whopping rise in the number of agricultural graduates and postgraduates every year, hardly there is an attempt that links trends of employment needs of various sectors of economy (public, private or self entrepreneurship) and clients (students, farmers and agro-industry) against the kind and number of manpower produced by the system of higher agricultural education. The need for developing the employability level of agricultural graduates is therefore the need of the hour. With one of the youngest populations in the world, a low dependency ratio (ratio of those not in the labour force to those in the labour force) and a surplus workforce, India has a strong comparative advantage over most major economies. Realizing significant role of agricultural postgraduate research scholars in the development of agriculture and economy of the country, a study on employability of postgraduate scholars studying in higher agriculture education was thought to undertake with the following objectives; 1. To study profile of the postgraduate scholars studying in higher agriculture education in Anand Agricultural University. 2. To study the employability of postgraduate scholars studying in higher agriculture education in Anand Agricultural University. 3. To find out the relationship between profile and employability of postgraduate scholars studying in higher agriculture education. 4. To find out the constraints faced by postgraduate scholars in developing employability.
Frequency-Diverse Computational Microwave Phaseless Imaging

Phaseless imaging approaches provide a significant advantage for systems where maintaining coherency during the acquisition time is difficult. Here, we demonstrate a phaseless, frequency-diverse, computational imaging system that operates at K-band frequencies (17.5–26.5 GHz). The system consists of a cavity-backed metasurface antenna producing spatially diverse radiation patterns that vary as a function of the driving frequency. The frequency-diverse metasurface antenna can be used to form images at microwave frequencies by collecting measurements at frequencies sampled over the operational bandwidth, obviating the need for either mechanically moving parts or phase-shifting circuits. We show that high-fidelity images can be obtained with the metasurface antenna using only the intensity of the measurements by leveraging a sparse variant of the Wirtinger Flow algorithm. In addition to the hardware simplification achieved by using a frequency-diverse approach, we demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of measurements required to reconstruct a given number of voxels for the phaseless imaging problem. This difference from conventional phase retrieval techniques is achieved by leveraging the sparsity concept, simplifying the complexity of the imaging problem.
Mutable Aspirations and Uncertain Futures: Everyday life and The Politics of Urgency in Kathmandu

This dissertation interrogates the right to the city as a category of analysis with recourse to an account of extreme marginality. As a starting premise, it seeks inspiration from Kristin Ross’ (1987) take on everyday life as a site of dominant relations of power on the one hand, and an incubator of utopian possibilities on the other. To this end, the dissertation probes three key questions. The first question asks: what are the conditions of possibility enabling the “slum dwellers” (sukumbasi in Nepali) in Kathmandu, Nepal, to make claims for the right to the city? I document the rituals of everyday life and the capacity to make claims that are organized through a metaphorical framework of a “house with three pillars. " The second question broaches the issue of how claims for a right to the city come up against governmental programs seeking to secure norms of private property, environmental sustainability, and elite aesthetics. It asks: How does the threat of violence forge sukumbasi
Sporadic fundic gland polyps: clinico-pathologic features and associated diseases.

BACKGROUND Fundic gland polyps have been described either in association with genetic polyposis syndromes of the colon, or in a sporadic form. In the first case they are diagnosed during family screening in asymptomatic subjects, while sporadic FGP patients often complain of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. So far, no great attention has been paid to the clinical presentation of these patients, so we undertook a clinico-pathologic study to further delineate: the clinical presentation at 1st examination; the associated gastrointestinal conditions; a possible role of omeprazole; Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization, the presence of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. METHODS We followed-up for a 9-year period with endoscopies a case series of 70 patients with sporadic FGPs, recording endoscopic data, symptoms, associated gastrointestinal conditions, previous therapies, histopathological findings. RESULTS The prevalence of the present series was 0.36%. The patient prevalence and number of polyps by age classes rose in women (maximum value in perimenopausal age), while was constant in males. We observed a frequent association between FGPs and esophageal conditions (34%), namely hiatus hernia-reflux esophagitis, significantly higher than in our endoscopic population (15%). Five patients had an isolated colonic adenoma. Only one patient had received long term omeprazole therapy. H. pylori was negative in all 70 FGPs, and in 15 samples of antral mucosa. No metaplastic or dysplastic lesions were seen. CONCLUSION Sporadic FGP patients frequently complain of epigastric pain, burning, dyspepsia, probably related to the frequently associated esophageal pathology, namely reflux esophagitis-hiatus hernia (34%). Prevalence of FGPs and polyps number are linked to female sex (maximum rise for both values in perimenopausal age). No link with omeprazole therapy was seen. FGPs patients appear to be protected from H. pylori colonization and ultimately from the development of intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia-gastric cancer. Nonetheless, they are apparently more prone to colonic adenomas. So, every sporadic FGP patient should undergo colonic surveillance.
Cervicitis: limited clinical utility for the detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in a cross-sectional study of women attending a New Zealand sexual health clinic.

BACKGROUND Although multiple studies have confirmed Mycoplasma genitalium as a cause of nongonococcal urethritis in men, there is less evidence of its pathogenicity in women. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of M. genitalium in a sample of women attending a sexual health clinic and to assess whether there was any association between the detection of M. genitalium and a diagnosis of cervicitis in this population. METHODS A cross-sectional study recruited women who required screening for sexually transmissible infections. Endocervical swabs to detect the presence of M. genitalium were taken in addition to routine testing for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviour, clinical symptoms and the presence of clinical or microscopic cervicitis. RESULTS The prevalence of M. genitalium was 8.4% (n=22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4-12.5%) in the study sample of 261 women. There was an association between the finding of cervical contact bleeding (odds ratio OR): 5.45; 95% CI: 1.93-15.42, P=0.001) and microscopic cervicitis (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 0.95-7.34, P=0.06) and the presence of M. genitalium when compared with women with no diagnosed infection; however, the latter finding was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of M. genitalium was high at 8.4%, the overall lack of any association between the findings of cervicitis and the detection of M. genitalium support the conclusion that cervicitis has poor clinical utility as an indicator for the presence of M. genitalium infection.