Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mortality and Socioeconomic Consequences of Prescription Opioids: Evidence from State Policies

This article presents estimates of the effects of state prescription opioid policies on prescription opioid sales, mortality and socioeconomic outcomes of adults. Results indicate that state implementation of a “modern” PDMP is associated with decreases in opioid sales of between 5% and 20% and that pill mill laws are associated with a decrease in opioid sales of between 15% and 50%. The reductions in prescription opioid sales associated with these state policies were, in general, not associated with statistically significant effects on mortality. In the case of socioeconomic outcomes, we found consistent evidence that the adoption of a “modern” PDMP was associated with small, but statistically significant reductions in employment of 1% to 2% across all demographic groups examined; small reductions in earnings that were not statistically significant and similarly small, marginally significant increases in receipt of public assistance, particularly for women; and a significant, but small (1%) decline in the probability of being married among females. In contrast, pill mill laws were associated with marginally significant increases in employment of 1% to 2%, but only among those ages 18 to 25; small, but insignificant increases in earnings of males of between 2% to 4%; and a significant, but small (1%) decline in the probability of being married among all demographic groups.
Appropriate complementary feeding practice among mothers of 6-23 months old children in Kedida Gamela district, south Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

Introduction of complementary foods to infants is a common practice. However, according to recommended infant and young child feeding protocol the timing of introduction, frequency of feeding and the quality of diet are not appropriate. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the magnitude and identify the predictors of appropriate complementary feeding practice among mothers of children 6-23 months of age in Kedida Gamela district, southern Ethiopia. A community based cross sectional study was conducted among mothers of children aged 6-23 months on March 2017. A total of 777 randomly selected mothers/caregivers paired with their children aged 6-23 months were interviewed by trained nurses. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analyses were done for main variables. Exposures with p-value less than 0.25 on bivariate analysis were taken for multivariate analysis. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. The proportion of appropriate complementary feeding was 21% in the study area. Maternal age 18-24 years [AOR=4.01,95% CI (1.78, 9.04)], mothers with children 6-11 months of age [AOR=2.88, 95% CI (1.68, 4.94)] and 12-23 months of age [AOR=2.67, 95% CI (1.61, 4.45)], mothers who attended postnatal care follow up [AOR=2.14, 95% CI (1.14, 4.02)], and living in a food secure household [AOR=2.23, 95% CI (1.30, 3.82)] were the factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding practice. Mothers in the age range of 18-24 years, mothers having children of 6-11 months and 12-23 months of age, attending postnatal care follow up and living in a food secure household were the predictors of appropriate complementary feeding practice. Mothers should be encouraged to attend postnatal care follow up and income generating activity should be made to assure household food security status to prevent economical vulnerability of households. Key words: Complementary feeding, children, 6-23 months.
Capturing Temporal Dynamics of Implicit Feedbacks for Collaborative Filtering by Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks

Collaborative Filtering (CF) is one of successful methods for generating recommendations. However, conventional CF method is not good at capturing sequential behaviors of users. Though it is obvious that users’ preference must be affected by experiences of the users in the past. For example, if a user watched a movie and then liked the movie significantly, the user will be interested in movies whose actor/actress/director is the same. In other words, each user’s preference towards items is evolving with time dynamically and these temporal dynamics should be noticed. In this paper, we treat users’ rating histories as sequential purchasing behavior and utilize such sequential behavior for recommendation task. We use Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (DRNN) to model those purchasing sequences. Experiments on the MovieLens dataset show improvements over previous reported results and demonstrate that our method can utilize users’ purchasing behavior data for collaborative filtering while capturing the evolving behaviors and tastes of users better by modeling temporal dynamics implicitly.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES AMONGST FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN VIETNAM: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION

This study was aimed at determining the knowledge, attitudes and practices of female public university students in relation to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Data were collected through questionnaire administration and face-to-face interviews. On the basis of the findings, most of the students had high knowledge regarding the aetiology of HPV but exhibited a minimal understanding of HPV epidemiology. With regard to the attitudes of the participants towards HPV vaccination, the correlation between HPV infection and the incidence and prevalence of cervical cancer played a leading role in the increasing acceptance of the vaccine. Barriers to HPV vaccination in Vietnam included the lack of adequate education (and, hence, knowledge) about the efficacy of the vaccine, poor communication regarding sexuality, organisational influence and the perception that the HPV vaccine promotes sexual activity. Other obstacles were apprehension over the efficacy and safety of the vaccine (amongst the participants and service providers), problems concerning reimbursement and the perceivably high cost of the vaccine. These results pointed to the following needs in the Vietnamese context: the implementation of educational initiatives, reassurance from healthcare providers and practitioners or community health workers, nurses and doctors regarding the low likelihood of adverse effects from the HPV vaccine and the espousal of a holistic approach by which to eliminate barriers to community discussions of sexually transmitted diseases and sexuality.
A Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Three Medical Abortion Protocols

A Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Three Medical Abortion Protocols by Gamage Dhammika Perera FFPH, UK Faculty of Public Health, 2018 MPH, University of Manchester, 2009 MBBS, University of Colombo, 2000 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health
Association between CSF Biomarkers and Performance on Neuropsychological Test in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) usually have decreased Aβ42 but increased total-tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-Tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To increase prognostic specificity of MCI to AD, studies have linked findings in CSF to neuropsychological profiles in MCI. The aim of this research was to find out if there is an association between critical biomarkers, such as tau and Aβ42 in the CSF, and performance on neuropsychological tests. All participants were referred to Landakot Memory Clinic by their general practitioner (N=55). The average age was 69 (SD=9.6). Mean education in years was 12.96 (SD=4). Inclusion criteria for the MCI study was a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥24 and 3.2 to 4.0 on The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Results show that individuals with low levels of CSF Aβ42 and high levels of CSF T-tau performed worse on neuropsychological assessment representing episodic memory. Furthermore, individuals with higher education perform better on one of the neuropsychological assessment representing episodic memory, compared to those with lower education. There was no interaction effect between education and T-tau on neuropsychological assessment representing episodic memory.
Automated Program Analysis for Cybersecurity (APAC)

Abstract : The primary goal for Five Directions during the APAC program was to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the R and D teams in detecting malware in Android applications. In order to achieve this goal, experiments were designed to test the tools being developed by the Research and Development (R and D) teams against malicious Android applications.The design of these experiments, the performance results they generated, and the lessons learned while implementing them are the main topics of this report.
Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Ibrutinib-Exposed Patients

Abstract Ibrutinib is an oral first-in-class Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the therapy of various B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Among ibrutinib-related infections, viral hepatitis are poorly described. We report our single-center experience with 4 cases of chronic hepatitis E virus infection and their management with ribavirin.
Comparison of haemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation in anaesthetised and paralysed patients with simulated cervical spine injury: Airtraq® video laryngoscope versus Fibreoptic bronchoscope

Background: Endotracheal intubation may produce haemodynamic fluctuations which may be deleterious in patients with cardiovascular and neurological disorders. This is further worsened in patients with difficult airway. This study was conducted to compare haemodynamic fluctuations produced when intubation was done using Airtraq and fibreoptic bronchoscopy which are used in patients with anticipated difficult airway. Methodology: Prospective randomized study. Eighty patients, ASA PS 1 and 2 undergoing elective surgery were randomized into two groups – Group A and Group F. After routine induction and muscle relaxation, orotracheal intubation was done using Airtraq in Group A and fibreoptic bronchoscope in Group F. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at regular intervals. Duration and number of attempts for intubation were also noted Results: There was no significant difference in the average of variation in HR (p=0.384), SBP (p=0.179), DBP (p=0.746) and MAP (p=0.057) from the baseline between the two groups. Duration of intubation in FOB group (mean value of 56.98 s) was more than Airtraq® video laryngoscope group (mean value of 37.38 s) which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Use of fibreoptic bronchoscope offer no added advantage over Airtraq video laryngoscope in terms of haemodynamic response for intubation in difficult airway situation such as cervical spine injury.
GATA3 and GATA2 in inner ear development

9 1. LITERATURE OVERVIEW. 10 1.1. Inner ear – sensory structure for balance and hearing. 10 1.1.1. Sensory organs . 11 1.2. Sensorineural hearing disorders and regeneration of sensory hair cells . 15 1.2.1. Molecular background of sensorineural deafness . 15 1.2.2. Induction of hair cell regeneration – a possibility for deafness therapy? 17 1.3. Inner ear development. 18 1.3.1. Induction . 18 1.3.1.1. Members of Fgf and Wnt families . 18 1.3.2. Early development: from placode to otic vesicle. 19 1.3.2.1. Hindbrain influences in otic vesicle formation and patterning. 20 1.3.2.2. Compartment-boundary hypothesis. 21 1.3.3. Later morphogenesis: from otic vesicle to membranous labyrinth. 21 1.3.3.1. Endolymphatic duct . 22 1.3.3.2. Semicircular ducts . 22 1.3.3. 3. Cochlea. 24 1.3. 4. Sensorineural determination and differentiation. 25 1.3. 4.1. Development of the cochleo-vestibular ganglion. 25 1.3. 4.2. Sensory determination . 26 1.3. 4.3. Hair cell development. 27 1.3. 4.4. Specification and development of distinct sensory organs . 28 1.4. Gata transcription factors in development . 29 1.4.1. Gata2 and Gata3 in development . 30 1.4.2. Gata3 in the inner ear . 31 2. AIMS OF THE STUDY . 32 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 33 3.1. Gata3 is essential for normal otic morphology during invagination (I, II, and unpublished data). 33 3.2. Cell proliferation is altered, but apoptosis occurs normally in Gata3 deficient otic epithelium (II) . 35
Rooibos Aspalathus linearis – Can it reduce the incidence and severity of acute mountain sickness? A case study of Aconcagua (6962 m) climbing expedition, Argentina

Sport and leisure activities at altitude, including climbing, trekking and various snow sports, continue to grow in popularity. However, the increase of high altitude activities is associated with hypoxia and its consequences, namely acute mountain sickness (AMS), which can manifest in two life-threatening conditions, namely high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). The most common methods for dealing with the potential onset of AMS involve acclimatization strategies, such as ascending 500m or less a day, and ingesting prescribed prophylactic medication, which can have adverse side effects. The study focuses on the efficacy of the fynbos plant rooibos Aspalathus linearis to reduce and/or prevent AMS. Rooibos is a unique South African herbal product usually consumed as a tea and a dietary source of unique bio-active antioxidants. A case study was conducted involving eight climbers (mean age: 46.6± 11.2 years) who supplemented their diet with rooibos in capsule form containing ~ 400mg rooibos extract (standardized to include 130mg total polyphenols/capsule) taken 3 times per day during the ascent of Aconcagua (6962 m) in Argentina. The dosage is equivalent to about 6 cups of rooibos tea per day. Daily resting mean heart rate increased from 62 to 87 beats per minutes (bpm) and mean peripheral blood oxygen saturations levels declined from 98% to 79% SpO 2 . The Lake Louise (LLS) assessment reported negligible symptoms of AMS for seven climbers up to, and at 6000 m. It is tentatively asserted that the findings indicate the potential of the rooibos plant Aspalathus linearis to reduce the symptoms and/or onset of AMS for those persons ascending to high altitudes, whether for sport, leisure or for work. Keywords : Hypoxia, acute mountain sickness (AMS), Rooibos.
Postpartum inferior vena cava thrombosis treated by endovascular suction thrombectomy utilizing veno-venous extracorporeal circulation

Abstract Vena cava thrombosis arising from ovarian vein thrombosis in the postpartum period is a challenging clinical problem with limited treatment options. We describe the first reported use of veno-venous extracorporeal circulation and endovascular suction thrombectomy to treat inferior vena cava thrombosis in a postpartum patient.
Maternal periodontitis and its influence on duration of gestation and fetal birth weight

Background: There has been a lot of interest in knowing the effects of oral health on adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm births and low birth weight. Studies have yielded contradicting results and there are lot of confounding issues that blur the picture. Aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of periodontitis is pregnant population and determine the effect of periodontitis on preterm births and low birth weight.Methods: This was a cross sectional study of singleton pregnant women attending ante-natal checkups with oral interview and clinical examination. Oral examination was done at the beginning of third trimester of pregnancy. They were followed up to delivery to note the duration of gestation, birth weight of babies.Results: The prevalence of periodontitis was 22% with 90.9% having mild and 9.1% having moderate periodontitis. Maternal education (high school and above) was associated with lower prevalence of periodontitis (p=0.042). There was no difference in the birth weights between the group with and without periodontitis (2.9±0.41kgs vs 2.74±0.36kgs, p=0.11). The incidence of low birth weights was also similar (p=0.22). The average gestational age was slightly less in the group with periodontitis (38 weeks 3 days vs 37 weeks 5 days) but the rates of preterm births were similar between the two groups (p=0.61). Conclusions: Mild/moderate periodontitis does not appear to have a significant effect on pre-term births and low birth weight. Maternal education and awareness seem to mitigate development of periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Long-term clinical outcome of minimally invasive versus open single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar diseases with a minimum follow-up of 2 years: A meta-analysis protocol

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgical transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) is a relatively new approach for fusion of the lumbar spine. It was developed in addition to traditional open transforaminal interbody fusion (OTLIF) to minimize iatrogenic soft tissue damage and prevent denervation and atrophy of the paraspinal trunk musculature. Potential disadvantages of MIS-TLIF are inadequate neural element decompression and higher risk of cage migration, resulting in persistent symptoms and a need for reoperation. Other disadvantages include inadequate visualization of bony landmarks for instrumentation, and less robust postero-lateral arthrodesis than open approaches, which may affect fusion rates. Several studies have reviewed the differences between both treatments for degenerative lumbar disease, but they mainly focused on the perioperative and short-term post-operative outcomes. Since the potential disadvantages of MIS may be expected after a longer follow-up, we performed a meta-analysis comparing MISTLIF with O-TLIF for long-term outcomes.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C in the Blood Donors in Kolwezi, Democratic Republic of Congo

Introduction: The transmission of infectious agents such as Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) is the biggest threat to blood safety in developing countries. This study has set a goal to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among blood donors from the town of Kolwezi in general and particularly those of the Kolwezi Staff hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among blood donors over a period of 3 years period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016 was performed. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B and C was 3.9% and 0.7% respectively. We found a high prevalence in the age group between 20-45 years (4.2%) followed by those over 45 years (2.3%) and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.047). Discussion: These results confirm that the town of Kolwezi is in a highly endemic area and give a first idea of the circulation of hepatitis C in the blood donor population. Conclusion: Therefore, selection and rigorous screening of blood donors are highly recommended to ensure blood safety for the recipient.
Mothers' knowledge of the causes and prevention associated with diarrhea among under-five children in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon, Myanmar

Background: Diarrhea among under-five children remains a major public health problem in developing countries, such as Myanmar. Its complications contribute to the worse health outcomes as well as increase the child mortality in Myanmar. Hlaing Thar Yar was recognized as a township with the highest incidence of diarrhea in Yangon region. Aims: This study aimed to identify the association of mother’s knowledge on diarrhea with the diarrheal disease among under-five children in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon, Myanmar. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study by collecting primary data in the Hlaing Thar Yar Township of Yangon, Myanmar from November to December 2016. About 277 records of mothers and their under-five children have been collected through multistage random sampling. A dependent variable in this study was the occurrence of diarrhea among under-five children whilst independent variables consisted of socio-demographic characteristics of parents and five domains of mother’s knowledge on diarrhea. Data were analyzed by using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: This study found that a half (53.43%) of under-five children suffered diarrhea within two weeks prior to the survey. Based on multivariate analysis by controlling all socio-demographic factors, two out of five domains of mother’s knowledge showed significant association. An increased one score of mother’s knowledge on causes and prevention of diarrhea contributed to decrease the likelihood of diarrheal disease by 37% (OR=0.63; 95%CI=0.44-0.90) and 27% (OR=0.73; 95%CI=0.54-0.99), respectively. Conclusions: This study confirmed that the knowledge of mothers on causes and prevention of diarrhea appears to have important effects on the occurrence of diarrhea among the under-five children. Therefore, health promotion program with an emphasis on providing information related to diarrhea causes and prevention is worth to enhance mother’s knowledge and their ability to prevent diarrhea among under-five children in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prevention of Central Line Infection = إرشادات الممارسة السريرية لمنع عدوى قسطرة الوريد المركزي

Background: Improving patient safety, reducing and preventing central line –related infection especially in the intensive care unit are now a priority for hospitals. Therefore; nurses play an integral role in preventing infections. Aim of the study is to develop guidelines for prevention of central line infection and examine the effect of implementation of those guidelines on the nurses' knowledge and practice. Setting: The present study was conducted in intensive care unit of New Surgical Hospital affiliated to Zagazig University Hospitals. Sample: The study sample was included 40 nurses who are working in the above mentioned setting. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection which includes questionnaire sheet and observational checklist. Results: The study results revealed that prior to guidelines implementation; majority of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge score and practice. In post guidelines, the findings pointed out to significant improvement. There was a statistically significant correlation between knowledge and practice score. Conclusion: Nurses' knowledge and practice improve after implementation of the guidelines for prevention of central line infection. Recommendations: Provision of continuous education and guidelines for prevention of central line infection, all needed equipment and supplies and further studies to examine the impact of guideline on patients' outcomes are required.