Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Charge density wave and superconductivity in the disordered Holstein model

The interplay between electron-electron correlations and disorder has been a central theme of condensed matter physics over the last several decades, with particular interest in the possibility that interactions might cause delocalization of an Anderson insulator into a metallic state, and the disrupting effects of randomness on magnetic order and the Mott phase. Here we extend this physics to explore electron-phonon interactions and show, via exact quantum Monte Carlo simulations, that the suppression of the charge density wave correlations in the half-filled Holstein model by disorder can stabilize a superconducting phase. We discuss the relationship of our work to studies of the disorder quenching of the charge ordered phase in ZrTe$_3$ through Se doping, and the interplay with the observed superconductivity in that material, reproducing the qualitative features of the phase diagram in the temperature-disorder strength plane.
On Optimality of CSS Codes for Transversal T

In order to perform universal fault-tolerant quantum computation, one needs to implement a logical non-Clifford gate. Consequently, it is important to understand codes that implement such gates transversally. In this paper, we adopt an algebraic approach to characterize all stabilizer codes for which transversal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T^{\dagger }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gates preserve the codespace. Our Heisenberg perspective reduces this question to a finite geometry problem that translates to the design of certain classical codes. We prove three corollaries of this result: (a) For any non-degenerate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[\! [n,k,d]\! ]$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stabilizer code supporting a physical transversal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (which might not be logical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), there exists an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[\! [n,k,d]\! ]$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CSS code with the same property; (b) Triorthogonal codes form the most general family of CSS codes that realize logical transversal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> via physical transversal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; (c) Triorthogonality is necessary for physical transversal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on a CSS code to realize the logical identity. The main tool we use is a recent characterization of a particular family of diagonal gates in the Clifford hierarchy that are efficiently described by symmetric matrices over rings of integers [N. Rengaswamy <italic>et al.</italic>, Phys. Rev. A 100, 022304]. We refer to these operations as <italic>Quadratic Form Diagonal (QFD)</italic> gates. Our framework generalizes all existing stabilizer code constructions that realize logical gates via transversal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We provide several examples of codes and briefly discuss connections to decreasing monomial codes, pin codes, generalized triorthogonality and quasitransversality. We partially extend these results towards characterizing all stabilizer codes that support transversal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi /2^{\ell }~Z$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rotations. In particular, using Ax’s theorem on residue weights of polynomials, we provide an alternate characterization of logical gates induced by transversal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi /2^{\ell }~Z$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rotations on a family of quantum Reed-Muller codes. We also briefly discuss a general approach to analyze QFD gates that might lead to a characterization of all stabilizer codes that support any given physical transversal 1- or 2-local diagonal gate.
The transsortative structure of networks

Network topologies can be highly non-trivial, due to the complex underlying behaviours that form them. While past research has shown that some processes on networks may be characterized by local statistics describing nodes and their neighbours, such as degree assortativity, these quantities fail to capture important sources of variation in network structure. We define a property called transsortativity that describes correlations among a node’s neighbours. Transsortativity can be systematically varied, independently of the network’s degree distribution and assortativity. Moreover, it can significantly impact the spread of contagions as well as the perceptions of neighbours, known as the majority illusion. Our work improves our ability to create and analyse more realistic models of complex networks.
Physical constraints on epistasis.

Living systems evolve one mutation at a time, but a single mutation can alter the effect of subsequent mutations. The underlying mechanistic determinants of such epistasis are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the physical dynamics of a biological system can generically constrain epistasis. We analyze models and experimental data on proteins and regulatory networks. In each, we find that if the long-time physical dynamics is dominated by a slow, collective mode, then the dimensionality of mutational effects is reduced. Consequently, epistatic coefficients for different combinations of mutations are no longer independent, even if individually strong. Such epistasis can be summarized as resulting from a global non-linearity applied to an underlying linear trait, i.e., as global epistasis. This constraint, in turn, reduces the ruggedness of the sequence-to-function map. By providing a generic mechanistic origin for experimentally observed global epistasis, our work suggests that slow collective physical modes can make biological systems evolvable.
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey

The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey is aimed at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs). The ALMA Large Program to INvestigate (ALPINE) features 118 galaxies observed in the [CII]-158 μm line and far infrared (FIR) continuum emission during the period of rapid mass assembly, right after the end of the HI reionization, at redshifts of 4 < z < 6. We present the survey science goals, the observational strategy, and the sample selection of the 118 galaxies observed with ALMA, with an average beam minor axis of about 0.85″, or ∼5 kpc at the median redshift of the survey. The properties of the sample are described, including spectroscopic redshifts derived from the UV-rest frame, stellar masses, and star-formation rates obtained from a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. The observed properties derived from the ALMA data are presented and discussed in terms of the overall detection rate in [CII] and FIR continuum, with the observed signal-to-noise distribution. The sample is representative of the SFG population in the main sequence at these redshifts. The overall detection rate in [CII] is 64% for a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) threshold larger than 3.5 corresponding to a 95% purity (40% detection rate for S/N > 5). Based on a visual inspection of the [CII] data cubes together with the large wealth of ancillary data, we find a surprisingly wide range of galaxy types, including 40% that are mergers, 20% extended and dispersion-dominated, 13% compact, and 11% rotating discs, with the remaining 16% too faint to be classified. This diversity indicates that a wide array of physical processes must be at work at this epoch, first and foremost, those of galaxy mergers. This paper sets a reference sample for the gas distribution in normal SFGs at 4 < z < 6, a key epoch in galaxy assembly, which is ideally suited for studies with future facilities, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs).
Hysterectomy for benign indications in Finland

8 SUMMARY IN FINNISH . 10 INTRODUCTION . 12 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 13 History and hysterectomy methods . 13 Hysterectomy trends. 14 Indications . 18 Alternative treatments . 18 Salpingo-oophorectomy . 20 Complications. 22 Urinary tract injuries. 23 Gastrointestinal injuries. 25 Vascular injuries. 27 Bleeding complications . 27 Venous thromboembolism. 29 Risk factors . 30 Thrombosis prophylaxis. 31 Complications related to thrombosis prophylaxis. 33 Prophylaxis guidelines . 34 Postoperative infections. 36 Microbes responsible for infections . 37 Risk factors . 38 Antibiotic prophylaxis. 40 Cephalosporins. 41 Nitroimidazoles . 43 Prophylaxis guidelines . 44 AIMS OF THE STUDY . 46 SUBJECTS AND METHODS. 47 Registers . 47 Study I . 47 Studies II to V. 47 Subjects . 48 Studies II to V. 48 Definitions of complications . 49 Major complications . 50 Ethics. 50 Statistics . 50 RESULTS. 53 Hysterectomy methods. 53 Patient characteristics and convalescence . 55 Indications . 55 Hospitals and gynaecological surgeons. 56 Surgery-related outcome . 59 Concomitant surgery. 63 Major complications. 64 Urinary tract injuries. 68 Gastrointestinal injuries . 69 Venous thromboembolism . 70 Major vascular injury. 71 Bleeding complications . 71 Operative bleeding complications . 71 Postoperative bleeding complications . 72 Thrombosis prophylaxis . 74 Infections. 76 Antibiotic prophylaxis . 78 Summary of complications. 83 DISCUSSION . 88 Hysterectomy methods and surgery-related outcome . 90 Complications . 92 CONCLUSIONS . 99 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 100 REFERENCES . 102 Appendix 1. 115 Appendix 2 . 117 ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS . 120
Radio VLBA polarization and multiband monitoring of the high-redshift quasar S5 0836 + 710 during a high-activity period

We report on results of a multiband monitoring campaign from radio to γ-rays of the high-redshift flat spectrum radio quasar S5 0836 + 710 during a high-activity period detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Two major flares were detected, in 2015 August and November. In both episodes, the apparent isotropic γ-ray luminosity exceeds 1050 erg s−1, with a doubling time-scale of about 3 h. The high γ-ray activity may be related to a superluminal knot that emerged from the core in 2015 April at the peak of the radio activity and is moving downstream along the jet. The low variability observed in X-rays may indicate that X-ray emission is produced by the low-energy tail of the same electron population that produces the γ-ray emission. The analysis of full-polarization pc-scale radio observations suggests the presence of a limb-brightened polarization structure at about 1 mas from the core in which a rotation measure gradient with a sign change is observed transverse to the jet direction. These characteristics are consistent with a scenario in which Faraday rotation is produced by a sheath of thermal electrons with a toroidal magnetic field surrounding the emitting jet.
Measurement of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavour hadron decays at midrapidity in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV

The differential invariant cross section as a function of transverse momentum ($p_\rm{T}$) of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavour hadron decays was measured at midrapidity in proton-proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV in the $p_\rm{T}$ interval 0.5-10 GeV/$c$, as well as the invariant yield in central (0-10%), semi-central (30-50%) and peripheral (60-80%) lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV in the $p_{\rm{T}}$ intervals 0.5-26 GeV/$c$ (0-10% and 30-50%) and 0.5-10 GeV/$c$ (60-80%). The modification of the electron yield with respect to what is expected for an incoherent superposition of nucleon-nucleon collisions is evaluated by measuring the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm{AA}}$. The measurement of the $R_{\rm{AA}}$ in different centrality classes allows in-medium energy loss of charm and beauty quarks to be investigated. Moreover, the measured $R_{\rm{AA}}$ is sensitive to the modification of the parton distribution functions (PDF) in nuclei, like nuclear shadowing, which causes a suppression of the heavy-quark production at low $p_\rm{T}$ in heavy-ion collisions at LHC.
An Unbiased Risk Estimator for Learning with Augmented Classes

In this paper, we study the problem of learning with augmented classes (LAC), where new classes that do not appear in the training dataset might emerge in the testing phase. The mixture of known classes and new classes in the testing distribution makes the LAC problem quite challenging. Our discovery is that by exploiting cheap and vast unlabeled data, the testing distribution can be estimated in the training stage, which paves us a way to develop algorithms with nice statistical properties. Specifically, we propose an unbiased risk estimator over the testing distribution for the LAC problem, and further develop an efficient algorithm to perform the empirical risk minimization. Both asymptotic and non-asymptotic analyses are provided as theoretical guarantees. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is also confirmed by experiments.
CAPRICORN: Communication Aware Place Recognition using Interpretable Constellations of Objects in Robot Networks

Using multiple robots for exploring and mapping environments can provide improved robustness and performance, but it can be difficult to implement. In particular, limited communication bandwidth is a considerable constraint when a robot needs to determine if it has visited a location that was previously explored by another robot, as it requires for robots to share descriptions of places they have visited. One way to compress this description is to use constellations, groups of 3D points that correspond to the estimate of a set of relative object positions. Constellations maintain the same pattern from different viewpoints and can be robust to illumination changes or dynamic elements. We present a method to extract from these constellations compact spatial and semantic descriptors of the objects in a scene. We use this representation in a 2step decentralized loop closure verification: first, we distribute the compact semantic descriptors to determine which other robots might have seen scenes with similar objects; then we query matching robots with the full constellation to validate the match using geometric information. The proposed method requires less memory, is more interpretable than global image descriptors, and could be useful for other tasks and interactions with the environment. We validate our system’s performance on a TUM RGB-D SLAM sequence and show its benefits in terms of bandwidth requirements.
Can the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) be used to understand risk factors for falls in older Australian women?

Purpose: To evaluate the relevance and accuracy of determining and predicting risk factors for falls in older women using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: We tested the accuracy of the ICF against risk of falls amongst 568 community dwelling participants of the Australian Longitudinal Survey on Women’s Health (ALSWH). We linked health-related variables to the ICF using ten linking rules. The logistic regression analysis evaluated the relationship between the variables and the outcome of falls. Self-report surveys measured daily functioning, health service use, medications, housing and social support. Results: Variables aligned with the ICF components of body function, health conditions, environment, activity and participation (ADL/IADL), and general health were significantly associated with falls. Discussion and conclusion: Mapping ALSWH health-related data to ICF components identified significant risk factors for falls are related to health conditions, functional limitations and home hazards. Biopsycho-social approaches guided by the ICF framework are crucial for fall prevention.
Sparsification as a Remedy for Staleness in Distributed Asynchronous SGD

Large scale machine learning is increasingly relying on distributed optimization, whereby several machines contribute to the training process of a statistical model. While there exist a large literature on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and variants, the study of countermeasures to mitigate problems arising in asynchronous distributed settings are still in their infancy. The key question of this work is whether sparsification, a technique predominantly used to reduce communication overheads, can also mitigate the staleness problem that affects asynchronous SGD. We study the role of sparsification both theoretically and empirically. Our theory indicates that, in an asynchronous, non-convex setting, the ergodic convergence rate of sparsified SGD matches the known result $\mathcal{O} \left( 1/\sqrt{T} \right)$ of non-convex SGD. We then carry out an empirical study to complement our theory and show that, in practice, sparsification consistently improves over vanilla SGD and current alternatives to mitigate the effects of staleness.
XPM-forced frequency-oscillating soliton in mode-locked fiber laser

Cross phase modulation (XPM) could induce soliton trapping in nonlinear medium, which has been employed to achieve vector soliton, optical switching and optical analog of gravity-like potentials. These results are generally within the definition in Hamilton system. Here, we report on the observation of a XPM-forced frequency-oscillating soliton (XFOS) whose wavelength exhibits redshift and blueshift periodically like dancing in a mode-locked fiber laser under moderate birefringence. XFOS consists of two orthogonally polarized components exhibiting simultaneous frequency oscillation driven by XPM and gain effect, which allows withstanding higher pulse energy. The pulse trapping is maintained by differentiating the frequency-shift rate. Numerical simulations agree very well with experimental results, revealing an idiosyncratic evolution dynamic for asymmetry pulses in nonlinear dissipative system and envisaging a technique to control pulse feature with preset pulse chirp. XFOS may exist generally in polarization-independent ultrafast lasers, which enriches soliton family and brings useful insights into nonlinear science and applications.
Antidepressant effects of light therapy and “natural” treatments for winter depression

Abstract Although bright light treatment may alleviate the symptoms of winter depression, it still remains to be clarified whether chronobiological mechanisms are involved in this antidepressant response. We studied the therapeutic action of bright light in 61 women with and 36 women without winter depression at the medical academic hospital near Novosibirsk (55 degrees North). Bright light was administered with cool-white incandescent lamp for seven days, two hours daily. The treatment started from either 8:00 (n = 29 patients and 16 controls) or 16:00 (n = 24 and 14, respectively) or 18:00 (n = 8 and 6, respectively). The subsets of bright light-treated subjects were then restudied in wintertime before and after one-week vacation in Firuza resort (south of Turkmeniya, 38 degrees North) (n = 19 and 0, respectively), in summertime (n = 42 and 18, respectively) and in the next winter before and after a week 30-min exposure in the morning hours to dim red light emitting “Light Cap” (n = 9 and 0, respectively). The results suggest that, in controls, mood slightly but statistically significantly improved after light treatment and in summer. In patients, the improvement of mood after one week of bright light was comparable with the effects of such “natural” treatments as trips south and transition from winter to summer seasons. Although next winter response to 0.5-h dim light was clinically significant, it was significantly worse compared to the previous response to 2-h bright light. Our therapeutic results indicate that, despite the different potential phase-shifting effect of bright light administered in the morning and in the second half of the day, the responses to all treatments are equally beneficial. This finding provides evidence against the view that circadian phase shifts are the key to the pathogenesis of winter depression and efficacy of light therapy. Although several different physiological effects of light therapy might be involved in the antidepressant response, none of them seems to be of more importance compared to psychological components of this response. Ours and earlier published reports on the independence of beneficial action of bright light from treatment timing support the suggestion that, in the open investigational trials, the placebo effect accounts for a large portion of the antidepressant response. We also reviewed several facts pointing to the close dependence of antidepressant effects of non-drug therapy upon patients' expectations and researchers' enthusiasm. In sum, unlike patients' chronobiology, their psychology seems to be most powerful mediator of the clinical response to bright light.
Robust Distributed Accelerated Stochastic Gradient Methods for Multi-Agent Networks

We study distributed stochastic gradient (D-SG) method and its accelerated variant (D-ASG) for solving decentralized strongly convex stochastic optimization problems where the objective function is distributed over several computational units, lying on a fixed but arbitrary connected communication graph, subject to local communication constraints where noisy estimates of the gradients are available. We develop a framework which allows to choose the stepsize and the momentum parameters of these algorithms in a way to optimize performance by systematically trading off the bias, variance, robustness to gradient noise and dependence to network effects. When gradients do not contain noise, we also prove that distributed accelerated methods can \emph{achieve acceleration}, requiring $\mathcal{O}(\kappa \log(1/\varepsilon))$ gradient evaluations and $\mathcal{O}(\kappa \log(1/\varepsilon))$ communications to converge to the same fixed point with the non-accelerated variant where $\kappa$ is the condition number and $\varepsilon$ is the target accuracy. To our knowledge, this is the first acceleration result where the iteration complexity scales with the square root of the condition number in the context of \emph{primal} distributed inexact first-order methods. For quadratic functions, we also provide finer performance bounds that are tight with respect to bias and variance terms. Finally, we study a multistage version of D-ASG with parameters carefully varied over stages to ensure exact $\mathcal{O}(-k/\sqrt{\kappa})$ linear decay in the bias term as well as optimal $\mathcal{O}(\sigma^2/k)$ in the variance term. We illustrate through numerical experiments that our approach results in practical algorithms that are robust to gradient noise and that can outperform existing methods.
Asymptotic Behavior of Polynomially Bounded Solutions of Linear Fractional Differential Equations

In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of fractional differential equations of the form $D^{\alpha}_Cu(t)=Au(t)+f(t)$ on the half line, where $D^{\alpha}_Cu(t)$ is the derivative of the function $u$ in Caputo's sense, $A$ is generally an unbounded closed operator, $f$ is polynomially bounded. To this end we develop a spectral theory for functions of polynomial growth on the half line. Our main result claims that if $u$ is mild solution of the Cauchy problem such that $\lim_{h\downarrow 0} \sup_{t\ge 0} \| u(t+h)-u(t)\|/(1+t)^n=0$, and $\sup_{t\ge 0} \| u(t)\| /(1+t)^n <\infty$, then, $\lim_{t\to\infty} u(t)/(1+t)^n =0$ provided that the spectral set $\Sigma (A,\alpha )\cap i\R$ is countable, where $\Sigma (A,\alpha )$ is defined to be the set of complex numbers $\xi$ such that $\lambda^{\alpha -1} (\lambda^\alpha -A)^{-1}$ is analytic in a neighborhood of $\xi$, and $u$ satisfies some ergodic