Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Racial /ethnic differences in susceptibility and intention to smoke on smoking behavior among adolescents

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Susceptibility and Intention to Smoke on Smoking Behavior Among Adolescents By Kafilat Tolani Jimba Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillments of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University May 2010 ABSTRACT Every year, more than 400,000 Americans die prematurely because of tobacco use, and most users began smoking during their teen years. Adolescent tobacco use remains theEvery year, more than 400,000 Americans die prematurely because of tobacco use, and most users began smoking during their teen years. Adolescent tobacco use remains the nation's most preventable threat to life and health. A better understanding of the relationships between susceptibility to smoking and intention to smoke on smoking behavior by ethnicity, age, and gender is useful for program planners and health educators in designing ethnic, age, and gender specific strategies for tobacco control and prevention initiatives. The purpose of this study was to test the relationships between susceptibility to smoking and intention to smoke on smoking behavior among adolescents by ethnicity, age, and gender. The theory of reasoned action by Ajzen and Fishbein formed the basis of this study and supports the findings and conclusions. To get good representation of the study populations, the study utilized secondary data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The study population includes person ages 1217 years old, smokers and nonsmokers, who represent White, African American, Hispanic, Asian, Multi-Racial, American Indian, and Native Hawaiian race/ethnicities. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and bivariate Spearman correlation. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between participants’ susceptibility to smoking and their intentions to smoke (r = .57, p < .01). More specifically, a significant difference was found among ethnic groups on smoking intentions and among age groups on susceptibility to smoking. Positive social change can occur through improved efforts geared toward primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions. This can result in empowerment programs and enhanced decision making, useful for adolescents of different ethnic groups to resist social and environmental pressures. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Susceptibility and Intention to Smoke on Smoking Behavior Among Adolescents. By Kafilat Tolani Jimba Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillments of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University May 2010
A Clinicopathological Study Of Pemphigus

A clinic pathological study was conducted on 50 patients of pemphigus of various types attending skin OPD. Assam Medical College in last two years. There were 20 males and 30 females. Pemphigus vulgaris, the commonest type was seen in 42 patients. Majority of the patients were from 31 to 50 years of age groups and belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Pemphigus vulgaris was the most severe variety and secondary bacterial infection was the commonest complication. Bacterial pathogen commonly involved was coagulase positive staphylococcus aureus. Oral mucosal involvement was noted in 39 patients. Cutaneous lesions were seen 4.5 months (average) after initiation of oral lesions.
Health Inequalities amongst People of African Descent in the Americas, 2005–2017: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Ethnic inequalities are often associated with social determinants of health. This study seeks to identify the latest scientific evidence on inequalities in the health of people of African descent in the Americas. For this, a systematic review of the literature on health and people of African descent in the Americas was carried out in the LILACS, PubMed, MEDLINE, and IBECS databases. Institutional and academic repositories were also consulted. Evidence was obtained on the presence and persistence of health inequalities in the population of African descent in the Americas from the identification of five types of quantitative and qualitative evidence: (1) ethnic/racial concept and variables; (2) relations with other social determinants; (3) health risks; (4) barriers and inequalities in health services; and, (5) morbi-mortality from chronic diseases. Studies with qualitative methods revealed invisibility, stereotypes, and rejection or exclusion as main factors of inequality. This review evidenced the existence of health inequalities, its interconnection with other adverse social determinants and risk factors, and its generation and perpetuation by discrimination, marginalization, and social disadvantage. These conditions make people of African descent a priority population group for action on equity, as demanded by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Gender Differences in Psycho-Social-Spiritual Healing

Abstract Background: Many individuals exhibit significant distress in response to serious and/or life-limiting illness. However, there are others who make life-transforming changes, which involve healing experiences in the psychological, social, and spiritual domains of life regardless of illness outcome. The aim of the present study is to determine if there are any differences in psycho-social-spiritual healing between genders. Materials and Methods: The NIH Healing Experiences in All Life Stressors (NIH-HEALS), a 35-item measure of psycho-social-spiritual healing, is composed of three factors: Connection, Reflection & Introspection, and Trust & Acceptance. NIH-HEALS and a demographic questionnaire were administered to 193 patients with serious and/or life-limiting illness at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Results: In response to NIH-HEALS, men and women significantly differed on the Reflection & Introspection factor. Women reported increased enjoyment of mind–body practices (p < 0.001), compassion (p = 0.005), gratitude (p = 0.014), and a desire to be more positive (p = 0.044) compared to men. Men rated their pain levels (p = 0.035) and severity of illness (p = 0.016) higher and their overall level of health (p = 0.010) poorer compared to women. Women's responses to items regarding compassion (rs = 0.37, p < 0.001) and gratitude (rs = 0.24, p = 0.015) correlated positively with better overall health ratings. Conclusion: Men and women show some differences in their self-reported psycho-social-spiritual healing, which may have implications when designing interventions aimed at promoting a healing experience in the context of serious and life-limiting illness.
Clinical and Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Evaluate Falls, Balance and Gait Dysfunction in Leukoaraiosis: an Observational, Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: To assess the correlation between leukoaraiosis (LA) and falls, to determine the risk factors for falls in patients with LA, and to detect specific white matter tracts are associated with the falls by using the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) screen. Methods: For the elderly patients with LA, we collected demographic information and scores for the Tinetti Balance and Gait Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Timed up-and-go test, and Cognitive, Emotional, Sleep-related Scale. All the patients underwent DTI scanning and were followed up for 1 year. Results: Ninety-four individuals were prospectively enrolled. After multivariable analyses, age, history of falls in the past year, antidepressants usage, and LA-Fazekas grade were reported to be risk factors for falls. In patients with severe LA, the fall incidence was higher than in those with mild LA. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics showed that fractional anisotropy values of the corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, anterior limb of internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, anterior corona, and fronto-occipital fasciculus were significantly reduced in the patients who fell. The body of the corpus callosum and anterior corona radiate were significantly related to balance and gait function. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that age, history of falls in the past year, antidepressants usage, and LA-Fazekas grade were risk factors for falls in elderly patients with LA. Leukoaraiosis was relevant for falls, but LA severity had a threshold effect with falls. The loss of integrity of some white matter tracts might influence balance and gait function. The DTI had preeminent clinical application prospects for identifying fall risk in patients with LA.
Growth factor‐free, angiogenic hydrogel based on hydrophobically modified Alaska pollock gelatin

Angiogenesis is important for supplying oxygen and nutrients to implanted cells and organs and thereby promoting their survival. However, exogenously administered growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have a short half‐life and are unstable under physiological conditions. In the present study, we developed an angiogenesis—inducing hydrogel by modifying Alaska pollock‐derived gelatin with a dodecyl group (C12‐ApGltn), and demonstrated that it is biodegradable and highly fluid at room temperature (25°C). C12‐ApGltn dissolved in phosphate‐buffered saline at 20 w/v% formed a self‐assembling hydrogel with thixotropic properties that stimulated VEGF secretion by macrophage‐like RAW264 cells. Moreover, C12‐ApGltn stimulated nuclear factor‐κB and VEGF expression when subcutaneously injected into mice and increased the cluster of differentiation 31‐positive area compared with injection of unmodified ApGltn and phosphate‐buffered saline control in the absence of any growth factors. Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed vascular capillaries around the C12‐ApGltn injection site. These results demonstrate that C12‐ApGltn hydrogel is a promising angiogenic material for clinical applications that can stimulate endogenous VEGF expression without requiring additional growth factors.
Timely Status Update in Wireless Uplinks: Analytical Solutions With Asymptotic Optimality

In a typical Internet of Things (IoT) application where a central controller collects status updates from multiple terminals, e.g., sensors and monitors, through a wireless multiaccess uplink, an important problem is how to attain timely status updates autonomously. In this paper, the timeliness of the status is measured by the recently proposed age-of-information (AoI) metric; both the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem are investigated: we aim to obtain a scheduling policy with minimum AoI and, meanwhile, requires little signaling exchange overhead. Toward this end, we first consider the set of arrival-independent and renewal policies; the optimal policy thereof to minimize the time-average AoI is proved to be a round-robin policy with one-packet (latest packet only and others are dropped) buffers (RR-ONE). The optimality is established based on a generalized Poisson-arrival-see-time-average theorem. It is further proved that RR-ONE is asymptotically optimal among all policies in the massive IoT regime. The AoI steady-state stationary distribution under RR-ONE is also derived. An implementation scheme of RR-ONE is proposed which can accommodate dynamic terminal appearances with little overhead. In addition, considering scenarios where packets cannot be dropped, a Lyapunov optimization-based max-AoI-weight policy is proposed which achieves better performance compared with state-of-the-art.
Weight Loss and Dietary Interventions for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent, painful, and malodorous abscesses and nodules predominantly in skin folds. HS is associated with substantial morbidity and poor quality of life. There are no curative therapies, and the only approved biologic drug has variable efficacy and requires high doses, making adjunct treatments crucial. An important risk factor for disease severity is obesity. Our primary objective was to conduct a systematic review examining weight loss and dietary interventions, in HS. Our secondary objective was to examine nutritional supplements in HS.A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database. We included all study types in adults (>18 years), with a minimum sample size of 5, examining the effects of any dietary or weight loss intervention on HS severity. Two authors screened n = 1279 articles of which 9 met inclusion criteria. All included studies were observational and all interventions were associated with various measures of decreased HS severity. Patient-controlled weight loss and bariatric surgery were associated with HS regression, though a subset of patients with significant increase in panniculi experienced exacerbations and required excision of excess skin. Diets demonstrating benefit eliminated dairy and brewer’s yeast. Nutritional supplements including zinc gluconate, vitamin D, and riboflavin had a suppressive, rather than curative, effect on HS lesions in single studies. Overall, the reviewed interventions show promise as potential adjunct treatments in a HS management plan. Prospective randomized controlled trials should validate these findings.
Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection in Unvaccinated Men and Women in the United States, 2009-2016.

To estimate changes in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence attributable to vaccination vs herd immunity, this national survey study uses National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to compare oral HPV prevalence for 4 types targeted by HPV vaccine and 33 nonvaccine types in unvaccinated US adults aged 18 to 59 years from 2009 to 2016.
Alterations of morphology and phosphorylated protein expression in the seminal vesicles of diabetic mice

Although many studies reported the detrimental effects of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) on testis, reproductive parameter changes in DM seminal vesicles have never been documented. This study aimed to examine the morphology, biochemical levels and tyrosine phosphorylation in seminal vesicles of T1DM and T2DM mice. Fifty‐six male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 14/each): T1DM control, T1DM, T2DM control and T2DM. T1DM mice were daily injected of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg BW) for 5 days. T2DM mice received high‐fat diet for 14 days prior to STZ injection at a single dose (85 mg/kg BW). At the end of experiments (days 36 and 72), magnesium (MG) and fructosamine (FRA) levels, and phosphorylated protein expression in seminal vesicle were examined. The results showed that seminal and prostate weights and MG and FRA levels of T1DM animals were significantly increased as compared to T2DM mice. Some seminal histopathologies and decreased epithelial height were observed in both DM groups. Significantly, a 72‐kDa phosphorylated protein expression was increased in DM seminal vesicle. We concluded that changes of biochemical components and phosphorylated proteins in seminal vesicle of T1DM and T2DM mice may be associated with low‐quality seminal plasma.
Risk factors and regional variations of malnutrition among children under 5 in Myanmar: cross-sectional analyses at national and subnational levels

Objective The levels, distributions of child malnutrition and its potential risk factors are not very well known in Myanmar. The objectives included in this study were: to estimate the current national and subnational prevalence of four types of malnutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight) among children under 5 in Myanmar; to identify potential risk factors associated with each type of malnutrition and to investigate how the identified risk factors’ distributions explained the regional disparities in malnutrition prevalence. Design/methods Data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016 were used to estimate the prevalence of four types of malnutrition at both national and subnational levels (15 regions). Logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between each type of malnutrition and its risk factors, including child’s factors, parental social status and household conditions. The risk factor-adjusted prevalence of the malnutrition was estimated at the subnational level based on the estimated parameters from the regression models. Results The national prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight in children under 5 was estimated to be 29.1% (95% CI 27.7% to 30.6%), 6.8% (6.0% to 7.6%), 18.3% (17.0% to 19.5%) and 1.5% (1.1% to 1.9%), respectively. Substantial regional variations in the prevalence of each type of malnutrition were observed. Several risk factors of each type of malnutrition were identified, including low birth weight (LBW) and inadequate maternal nutritional status. Except for overweight, regional variations largely persisted even after adjustment for the risk factors investigated. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 is still high in Myanmar, most commonly stunting. Targeted interventions aimed at prevention of LBW, improving the maternal nutritional status, in addition to other sociodemographic conditions should be encouraged urgently. Further research is necessary to investigate the potential sources of regional variation in prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 in the country.
Effects of Paroxetine on Symptoms of Hwa-Byung

Effects of Paroxetine on Symptoms of Hwa-Byung Sung Kil Min, MD, PhD, Shin-Young Suh, MD, PhD, Duk-In Jon, MD, Hyun Ju Hong, MD, PhD, Sang-Jin Park, MD and Ki-Jun Song, MA Department of Psychaitry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seomgnam, Department of Psychaitry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Objective:This study consists of a single open clinical trial to evaluate the treatment effects of paroxetine on symptoms of hwa-byung, a Korean culture-related anger syndrome. Methods:Eighty-nine patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, or self-labeled hwa-byung were treated with paroxetine (Paxil CR) 12.5-37.5 mg/day for 8 weeks. Treatment effects were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the State and Trait Anger Inventory (STAXI), and the Hwa-byung Scale. Results:Scores on all items;total score on the Hwa-byung Scale;scores on state anger, trait anger, and anger-in;total score on the STAXI;and total score on the HAM-D decreased significantly after eight weeks of paroxetine treatment compared to baseline. Conclusion:Paroxetine was shown to be effective for treating symptoms of hwa-byung, a chronic anger syndrome. (Korean J Psychopharmacol 2009;20(2):90-97)
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Mobility Using Aggregate Mobile Phone Derived Presence and Demographic Data: A Case Study in the City of Rome, Italy

Urban mobility is known to have a relevant impact on work related car accidents especially during commuting. It is characterized by highly dynamic spatial–temporal variability. There are open questions about the size of this phenomenon; its spatial, temporal, and demographic characteristics; and driving mechanisms. A case study is here presented for the city of Rome, Italy. High-resolution population presence and demographic data, derived from mobile phone traffic, were used. Hourly profiles of a defined mobility factor (NPM) were calculated for a gridded domain during working days and cluster analyzed to obtain mean diurnal NPM mobility patterns. Age distributions of the population were calculated from demographic data to get insight in the type of population involved in mobility, and spatially linked with the mobility patterns. Census data about production units and their employees were related with the classified NPM mobility patterns. Seven different NPM mobility patterns were identified and mapped over the study area. The mobility slightly deviates from the census-based demography (0.15 on average, in a range of 0 to 1). The number of employees per 100 inhabitants was found to be the main driving mechanism of mobility. Finally, contributions of people employed in different economic macrocategories were assigned to each mobility time-pattern. Results provide a deeper knowledge of urban dynamics and their driving mechanisms in Rome.
Randomized placebo-controlled trial of long-term treatment with sibutramine in mild to moderate obesity.

OBJECTIVE The researchers assessed the long-term weight reduction efficacy, tolerability, and safety of sibutramine used once daily in conjunction with behavior modification to treat mild to moderate obesity. STUDY DESIGN This was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel-group comparative study of sibutramine 10 mg or 15 mg (or placebo) once daily for 1 year, given with dietary advice. POPULATION A total of 485 obese men and women with uncomplicated obesity were included (mean age=42 years, mean body mass index=32.7 kg/m2). OUTCOMES MEASURED The outcomes were mean weight loss, percentage losing more than 5% or 10% of their body weight, and adverse drug effects. RESULTS Among patients completing the study, those taking sibutramine 10 mg or 15 mg had greater mean weight loss compared with placebo at 12-month assessment (P < or = .001). Changes in body weight from baseline to end point were -1.6 kg for those taking placebo, -4.4 kg for those taking sibutramine 10 mg (P < or =.01, last observation carried forward [LOCF]), and -6.4 kg for those taking sibutramine 15 mg (P < or =.001, LOCF). For placebo patients, 20% lost 5% or more of their body weight compared with 39% of patients taking sibutramine 10 mg and 57% taking sibutramine 15 mg. Only 7% of the patients taking placebo lost 10% or more of their body weight, compared with 19% taking sibutramine 10 mg and 34% taking sibutramine 15 mg (P <.001 for both 10 mg and 15 mg vs placebo, and for both > or =5% and > or =10%). CONCLUSIONS Sibutramine 10 mg or 15 mg once daily given with dietary advice produces and maintains statistically and clinically significantly greater weight loss than dietary advice alone (placebo) throughout a 12-month treatment period, and is safe and well tolerated.
Effect of Clove and Lemongrass Essential Oils as Natural Antioxidants on Cake Shelf Lif

Bu calismanin amaci karanfil (CEO) ve limonotu (LEO) esansiyel yaglarinin dogal bir antioksitant olarak oda sicakliginda muhafaza edilen keklerin raf omru uzerine etkisini arastirmaktadir. Dogal antioksidan ilave edilerek uretilen kekler sentetik antioksidan (BHA) iceren kekler ve kontrol (antioksidan icermeyen) keklerle karsilastirilmistir. Depolamanin farkli gunlerinde lipid oksidasyonunu belirlemek icin peoksit degeri (PV), TBA degeri ve yag asidi profilindeki degisimler belirlenmistir. Ilave olarak organoleptik analizler yapilmistir. PV bulgulari kekteki esansiyel yag miktarinin artirilmasiyla lipid oksidasyonunun geciktirildigini gostermistir. Diger taraftan, CEO ve LEO iceren orneklerdeki TBA degerlerinde artis muhafazanin sonunda kontrol keklerden onemli derecede daha yavay gerceklesmistir (P<0.05). Bununla birlikte karanfil esansiyel yagi iceren orneklerin genel kabul puanlari olumsuz lezzet ve kokudan dolayi digerlerinden oldukca dusuk bulunmustur. Elde edilen bulgulara gore kek hamuruna 600 ppm duzeyinde limonotu esansiyel yagi ilave edilmesinin yag oksidasyonunun geciktirerek raf omrunu artiracagi; karanfil yaginin ise arzu edilmeyen duyusal etkisinden dolayi kullanilamayacagi sonucuna varilmistir