Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals

The monitoring and management of species depends on reliable population estimates, and this can be both difficult and very costly for cryptic large vertebrates that live in forested habitats. Recently developed camera trapping techniques have already been shown to be an effective means of making mark‐recapture estimates of individually identifiable animals (e.g. tigers). Camera traps also provide a new method for surveying animal abundance. Through computer simulations, and an analysis of the rates of camera trap capture from 19 studies of tigers across the species' range, we show that the number of camera days/tiger photograph correlates with independent estimates of tiger density. This statistic does not rely on individual identity and is particularly useful for estimating the population density of species that are not individually identifiable. Finally, we used the comparison between observed trapping rates and the computer simulations to estimate the minimum effort required to determine that tigers, or other species, do not exist in an area, a measure that is critical for conservation planning.
High-Speed Digital Circuits Using InP-based Resonant Tunneling Diode and High Electron Mobility Transistor Heterostructure

Resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) exhibit a negative-differential-resistance (NDR) characteristic and a picosecond-level switching time (1.5 ps). The NDR characteristic provides the possibility of reducing circuit complexity and power consumption. The RTD's very fast switching characteristic provides the possibility of high-speed operation. Utilizing the RTD's characteristics, we designed and fabricated high-speed implementations of a static inverter, a three-stage ring oscillator, and basic Boolean logic gates. Using these results, we designed a 2-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with reduced circuit complexity. Spice simulation proved that the designed ADC can operate at a sampling frequency of up to 10 GHz.
Comparing standard and low-cost tools for gradient evaluation along potential cycling paths

Promoting the use of non-motorized modes of transport, such as cycling, is an important contribution to the improvement of mobility, accessibility and equity in cities. Cycling offers a fast and cheap transportation option for short distances, helping to lower pollutant emissions and contributing to a healthier way of life. In order to make the cycling mode more competitive in relation to motorized traffic, it is necessary to evaluate the potential of alternatives from the perspective of the physical effort. One way to do so consists of assessing the suitability of locations for implementing cycling infrastructures. In this work, four tools to determine the gradient along potential cycling paths are compared. Furthermore, an evaluation of the reliability of some low-cost tools to measure this parameter was conducted, by comparison with standard measurements using cartographic plans, on a field case study applied to the city of Braga, Portugal. These tools revealed a good level of accuracy for the planning stage, but proved to be less reliable for use in design. Key-Words: cycling; cycling planning; gradient; low-cost tools.
Possibilities for Biological Control of Root-knot Nematodes by Natural Predators in Florida Soils

Acknowledgments. This work was supported by USDA, ARS Specifi c Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6618-3-227, entitled “Population dynamics and interactions of soil microorganisms. ” The authors thank John J. Frederick for technical assistance, Dr. Greg Church for collecting samples at Homestead, and Dr. Jim Rich for assistance with sampling at the North Florida Research and Education Center. *Corresponding author; email: mcsorley@ufl . edu; phone: (352) 392-1901, ext. 137 Possibilities for Biological Control of Root-knot Nematodes by Natural Predators in Florida Soils
INVITED EDITORIAL: Of Teacups and t Tests: Best Practices in Contemporary Null Hypothesis Significance Testing

PSI CHI JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Startling changes have been afoot in the last two years regarding statistics and the publication process. Two years ago, Trafimow (2014), the incoming editor for the journal Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP), announced that inferential statistics were no longer required for journal submissions. Because of concerns about the validity of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST), authors were no longer required to calculate or provide p values. Then, last year, Trafimow and Marks (2015) announced an even more extreme policy: NHST procedures were completely banned from publication in BASP. They clarified that any manuscripts including p, t, or F values, or any discussion of statistical significance would have to be cleaned of all reference to NHST before publication. They concluded,
Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of eleven monofloral honey samples collected from Morocco

Eleven honey samples collected from Morocco were examined for their relative phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using colorimetric assays. The antioxidant ability was assessed by measuring reducing power, scavenging of ABTS and DPPH radicals and β-carotene bleaching assay while antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays against a set of fungal and bacterial strains.Among tested honey samples, Thym honey was found to exhibit a highestphenolic (1138.53 mg GAE/kg), flavonoid (179.08 mg RE/kg) content and showed potent antioxidant activity based on ABTS (2.73 mmol TE/kg), DPPH (IC50=5.52 mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching assay (IC50 = 24.32 mg/ml). While Oranger honey contains the lowest phenolic and flavonoid content and revealed the lowest antioxidant activity. Concerning the antimicrobial activity and based on minimum inhibitory concentration assay, Thym honey was found to be the most effective growth inhibitor against B. subtilis (6.00%), S. pyogenes (7.33%), E. coli (7.66%), P. aeruginosa (9.50%),C. neoformans (15.16%), and R. mucilaginosa (16.83%). While Acacia honey was found to be most effective against S. aureus (5.16%), S. abony (7.83%) and C. albicans (21.33%). Orange honey was the least effective against all bacteria and fungi strains. The results of this investigation suggest that honey could be considered as a good source of new antimicrobial and antioxidant agents that might prevent several diseases
Macrosomia at the Center Hospital of Montelimar (France): 141 Cases Report

Introduction: Macrosomia is usually defined by the delivery of a child over 4000 g at term. Because of the margins of error, the obstetrician must take into account, in addition to ultrasound, the constitutional and acquired factors of the mother in order to be able to prevent the complications expected during the delivery of a large fetus. Material and method: We carried out a cross-sectional, descriptive, 12-month study in a level 2 hospital in southern France (Montelimar). The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of macrosomia, to identify the epidemiological characteristics of the patients, to specify the management of obstetrics and complications in this hospital. Results: We recorded 141 births with a weight greater than or equal to 4000 g. That is a rate of 7.95%. The average age of our patients is 30 years. Half of them had a BMI of less than 25 and were not diabetic. 75% of the patients gave birth by a low-dose route. The sex ratio of the children is male to female 2:1. The main maternal complications were the perineovaginal tears (39 cases) and the hemorrhages of the deliverance (6 cases). Conclusion: The delivery of macrosomia is not uncommon at the Hospital Center of Montelimar. It predominates among Caucasians. Usual risk factors have rarely been found. Overall management was without major complications for both the mother and the child.
Molecular characterization and genetic diversity analysis of citrus cultivars by RAPD markers.

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate genetic similarity and inter- relationship among 18 citrus cultivars, including 13 species and 5 hybrids. Out of 40 decamer primers screened, 25 were selected which produced 250 markers; of which 231 were polymorphic and some species or cultivar specific RAPD markers. The Jaccard coefficient was used to calculate th e genetic similarity. UPGMA was used to generate the dendrogram which clearly separated Jatti-Khatti from all major clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.61. The average genetic similarity value observed across all the genotypes was 0.63, with the 2 sweet orange cultivars, Jaffa and Blood red, showing maximum similarity (82%). The Jatti-Khatti and King Mandarin were found to be genetically most diverse. The genetic variation between cultivars was quite high and revealed their different origins.
Results from a set of three-dimensional numerical experiments of a hot Jupiter atmosphere

We present highlights from a large set of simulations of a hot Jupiter atmosphere, nominally based on HD 209458b, aimed at exploring both the evolution of the deep atmosphere, and the acceleration of the zonal flow or jet. We find the occurrence of a super-rotating equatorial jet is robust to changes in various parameters, and over long timescales, even in the absence of strong inner or bottom boundary drag. This jet is diminished in one simulation only, where we strongly force the deep atmosphere equator-to-pole temperature gradient over long timescales. Finally, although the eddy momentum fluxes in our atmosphere show similarities with the proposed mechanism for accelerating jets on tidally-locked planets, the picture appears more complex. We present tentative evidence for a jet driven by a combination of eddy momentum transport and mean flow.
Audio Visual Media Components in Educational Game for Elementary Students

The purpose of this research was to review and implement interactive audio visual media used in an educational game to improve elementary students’ interest in learning mathematics. The game was developed for desktop platform. The art of the game was set as 2D cartoon art with animation and audio in order to make students more interest. There were four mini games developed based on the researches on mathematics study. Development method used was Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) that consists of requirement, design, development, testing, and implementation phase. Data collection methods used are questionnaire, literature study, and interview. The conclusion is elementary students interest with educational game that has fun and active (moving) objects, with fast tempo of music, and carefree color like blue. This educational game is hoped to be an alternative teaching tool combined with conventional teaching method.
Reducing Iron Toxicity in Lowland Rice with Tolerant Genotypes and Plant Nutrition

Iron toxicity is a widespread nutrient disorder of lowland riee grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world on aeid sulfate soils, L'ltisols and sandy soils with a low cation exchange capacity, moderate to high in acidity, high in easily reducible or active iron and low to moderately high in organic matter. The stress is caused by a high concentration of ferrous iron in soil solution. It is estimated that iron toxicity reduces lowland rice yields by 12-100%, depending on the iron tolerance of the genotype, intensity of the iron toxicity stress and. soil fertility status. Iron toxicity can be reduced by using iron-tolerant rice genotypes and through soil, water and nutrient management practices. The objective of this paper is to critically assess the pertinent literature on the role of iron-tolerant rice genotypes and other plant nutrients in reducing iron toxicity in lowland rice. It is emphasized that research should provide knowledge that would be used for increasing lowland rice production and productivity on iron-toxic wetlands on a sustainable basis by integration of genetic tolerance to iron toxicity with soil, water and nutrient management.
Comparison of adiponectin levels and some metabolic parameters in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis

The transition period that starts three weeks before and ends three weeks after parturition is characterized by sudden metabolic and physiologic changes (7). In this short time period, the pregnancy and lactational status of the cow shift, which causes severe stress. Dry matter intake (DMI) starts to decline before parturition, reaches the lowest point around parturition and steadily increases for the next six to eight weeks after delivery (7). The mammary glands of fresh postpartum cattle use about 97% of the energy and 83% of the protein from feed intake for milk production (4). However, cows’ requirements for milk production are high in the period during which DMI is still low. Thus, these increased demands of the mammary glands are fulfilled by whole body insulin resistance excluding the mammary glands (8), which is also one of the significant metabolic changes occurring in this transition period. As a result of decreased DMI, high-yielding dairy cattle experience varying degrees of negative energy balance (NEB), increased energy requirements for milk production and insulin resistance in the early postpartum period. The cows’ metabolisms struggle with NEB by stimulating lipolysis of adipose tissue, which results in an increase in blood levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Fatty liver and ketosis are the main energy metabolism-related disorders of transition cows. Elevated blood NEFA and BHBA levels are the main indicators of NEB in dairy cattle. Along with NEFA and BHBA, glucose, albumin, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels are also taken into consideration when performing a metabolic profile test for evaluating a herd’s NEB, ketosis and fatty liver status. Blood glucose levels are generally decreased in ketotic cows; however, due to Comparison of adiponectin levels and some metabolic parameters in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis1)
The Link Between Leadership, Strategy, and Performance in Manufacturing SMEs

Sustainable competitive performance, in today's turbulent environment, is widely thought to depend on the quality of leadership and strategy. In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between strategy, leadership and performance within a single study. Evidence is presented from 194 firms, outlining the association between strategy characteristics and the dimensions of leadership in a ranked order according to their degree of importance. The analysis indicates that a balanced transformational and transactional leadership style is likely to lead to better performance. The study also found that firms strongly emphasizing any of the leadership styles performed better than firms with uncertain or weak leadership styles. The findings provide practical guidelines to enable senior managers to consider leadership style in the formulation and deployment of their strategic plan. Finally, the analysis indicates the need to consider and align leadership and strategy in order to achieve sustainable competitive performance.
Economics, Yield and Ecology

A clear tomato yield gap exists in southern Africa. Understanding the economic crop production factors is a necessary prelude to any discussion of ecological sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic factors that influence the sustainability of open-field tomato production. The authors compared detailed tomato production costs from six international studies to data from the largest commercial tomato producer in South Africa. The Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) was used to demonstrate the interactions between economic and agro-ecological constraints. Economic pressures are forcing tomato producers to intensify production, which underscores the need for the continued development of ecologically sustainable tomato production systems. The findings of this study will benefit policy development in support of sustainable food security in the rural areas of southern Africa and beyond.
The Effect of Debt, Firm Size and Liquidity on Investment -Cash Flow Sensitivity

Given the importance of cash flow, being in determining the investment performance of firms, we have presented an overview of purely practical studies that analyze this relationship. The majority of these studies have proven the existence of such relationship, both significant and positive, between investment and the CF, but the unanimity has not explained this positive relationship. We are interested only in analyzing the effect of the debt, liquidity and firm size on the investment-cash flow sensitivity on a sample of 82 French firms that compose the SBF 250 index, from 1999 to 2005. Thus, we have noticed that the debt has a negative effect on the investment-cash flow sensitivity and the firm size has a positive effect on this relationship.
Factors predicting community support: The case of a south african arts festival

Events are one of the fastest growing tourism attractions in South Africa. This has various implications for the role players involved in hosting the event, especially the community. It is important to obtain the support and loyalty of residents so that potential conflicts can be avoided. However, residents are not always involved in the planning and management of the event, which raises questions about the real benefits they receive. It is therefore the aim of this research to determine the factors predicting community support in the case of a South African arts festival. A survey was done in 2007 at the Klein Karoo National Arts Festival (KKNK), which is one of the largest arts festivals in the country. A stratified random sampling procedure was followed in the community of Oudtshoorn, and 279 questionnaires were completed by residents. Structural equation modelling was done, based on the study of Gursoy and Kendall (2006), to explore the factors and identify its influence on support for the event. It was found that community attachment, costs and benefits perceived were the most important factors predicting community support for the festival, which differs from the results of previous studies. In the case of this study, ecocentric attitudes and issues of community concern did not influence the level of community support the event was given.
Analysis of a variational model for nematic shells

We analyze an elastic surface energy which was recently introduced by G. Napoli and L.Vergori to model thin films of nematic liquid crystals. We show how a novel approach that takes into account also the extrinsic properties of the surfaces coated by the liquid crystal leads to considerable differences with respect to the classical intrinsic energy. Our results concern three connected aspects: i) using methods of the calculus of variations, we establish a relation between the existence of minimizers and the topology of the surface; ii) we prove, by a Ginzburg-Landau approximation, the well-posedness of the gradient flow of the energy; iii) in the case of a parametrized axisymmetric torus we obtain a stronger characterization of global and local minimizers, which we supplement with numerical experiments.
The Influence of Voluntary Disclosure, Stock Beta, and Firms Size on Cost of Equity Capital

This study aimed to examine the effect of voluntary disclosure, stock beta, and firm size on the cost of equity capital in manufacturing companies in the period 2013-2015. This research used a purposive sampling method and analyzed by multiple regression, a total sample of 39 manufacturing companies listed in the IDX period 2013-2015. The results showed that voluntary disclosure did not affect the cost of equity disclosure, the more voluntary disclosure had not been able to decrease the occurrence of cost of equity disclosure, beta of stock variables affected the cost of equity capital, because the stock beta was an indicator to see the condition of the company’s financial health, the company had no effect on voluntary disclosure, this result showed that the size of a company’s size could not reduce the risk level. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v21i3. 1506
First Detection of Augmentin and Colistin Resistant Cronobacter Sakazakii from a Pharmaceutical Wastewater in South-Western Nigeria

Cronobacter sakazakii formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii , is a bacterium with a rare cause but often fatal infection of the bloodstream and central nervous system. Infants with weakened immune systems, particularly premature infants, are most likely to contact a Cronobacter infection, although the bacteria have caused illnesses in all age groups. Most cases of C. sakazakii infection come from powdered infant formula (PIF) contaminated with the bacterium. Although relatively little information is known about the existence of Cronobacter in the environment, more reservoirs are being identiﬁed, such as water, soil and plant material. Wastewaters from 6 pharmaceutical industries located in a south-western state in Nigeria were sampled and analyzed. Bacteria were isolated using standard methods and species identification was determined by Gram staining, lactose fermentation, oxidase, catalase and Vitek 2. Antibacterial susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents was tested by the disc diffusion method and Vitek 2. Fifty nine Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified; one was identified as C. sakazakii . The bacterium was susceptible to all antibiotic mentioned but resistant to augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) and colistin which are high potent drugs for the treatment of very stubborn infections. The public health implication of this fact is that this bacterium could be harbouring resistant genes that can be transferred through water ways such as the pharmaceutical wastewaters to bacteria of the same or different species of clinical importance. Therefore, continuous surveillance of the environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria is necessary to prevent their further spread.
Michelson-Morley Experiment: a Misconceived & Misinterpreted Experiment

A thorough review of the Michelson–Morley experiment reveals that the experiment had been not only misinterpreted but also misconceived. Under the theory & methodology adopted by Michelson & Morley the reasons of misconception and misinterpretation have been found to be: 1. Doppler Effect of light was not taken into account and 2. The motion of the solar system was not also taken into account. Since this experiment formed the basis of misinterpretation of absence of luminiferous ether in the space and as the consequence of absence of luminiferous ether the concept of length contraction in the direction of motion, theories of relativity, space–time concept and big bang theory were adopted. The basis of all these theories and concepts is challenged. The present article is the detailed and corrected version of the article ‘Ultimate Proof of Energy Theory of Matter & Cosmology’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010a) necessitated by the article ‘Foundation of Theory of Everything; Non-living & Living Things’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010b). This article finally explains the Michelson-Morley experiment.