Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Hybrid institutions”: applications of common property theory beyond discrete property regimes

Property rights theory has contributed a great deal to global understanding of the factors shaping the management, governance and sustainability of discrete property regimes (individual, State, commons). Yet as the commons become increasingly altered and enclosed and management challenges extend beyond the boundaries of any given unit of property, institutional theory must extend beyond discrete property regimes. This paper argues that as natural resource management challenges grow more complex and interconnected, common property theory in the Ostrom tradition remains an essential component of successful management solutions – for common pool resources, public and private goods alike. Building on the commons and externality literature in general, and the Ostrom and Coasean traditions in particular, we propose the use of the term “hybrid institution” to explore the governance of common or connected interests within and between diverse property regimes. Following a general introduction to a set of propositions for encompassing this expanded realm of application of commons theory, we use the literature on integrated natural resource management to frame the scope of “commons” issues facing rural communities today. Empirical and action research from eastern Africa and logical arguments are each used to illustrate and sharpen the focus of our propositions so that they can be tested and refined in future research. This analysis demonstrates the instrumental potential of the concept of hybrid institutions as a framework for shaping more productive engagements with seemingly intractable natural 572 Laura Anne German and Andrew Keeler resource management challenges at farm and landscape scale. Our analysis suggests that central elements of the Ostrom and Coasean traditions can be complementary explanatory lenses for contemporary resource conflict and management.
Substrates and temperatures in the germination of Eriotheca gracilipes seeds

The Eriotheca gracilipes (K. Schum.) A. Robyns) is a forest specie that belongs to the Bombacaceae family and is considered an endemic specie from the Brazilian savanna. The aim of this study was to evaluate the best substrate and temperature for the vigor and germination test of E. gracilipes seeds. The experiment was carried out in a randomized design with a 4 x 7 factorial, with 28 treatments with the combination of four temperatures (20; 25; 30 and 20-30 °C) and seven substrates (coarse vermiculite, medium vermiculite, sand, Basaplant®, paper towel, on and between filter papers), with 4 repetitions of 25 seeds each. It was assessed germination, first count of germination, and germination speed index. In conclusion, for germination and vigor tests of Eriotheca gracilipes seeds it is recommended the paper roll as substrate at temperatures of 20-30, 25 or 30 °C, and the Basaplant® and paper roll at the temperature of 30 °C, respectively.
A molecular phylogenetic and phylogeographic study of two forms of Calliptamus barbarus (Costa 1836) (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Calliptaminae) from two regions of Algeria

Summary Calliptamus barbarus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is the most polymorphic species within the genus Calliptamus. It shows a morphological polymorphism (three hind femoral spots, or only one hind femoral spot). Several studies have been made in order to distinguish the two forms: morphometry, number of ovarioles, sound production, protein and enzyme system. The aim of our work is to assess whether the two forms can be considered as different taxa and to perform a molecular phylogenetic study of two populations of C. barbarus collected from two different Algerian localities. No clear genetic differentiation was found between the samples with different morphologies. Additionally, the samples from Algeria do not form a monophyletic sister clade compared to the one formed by the sequences from GenBank from other geographical regions. Despite the morphological differences shown between the two populations, our molecular study indicates that there are no differences at a molecular level using the two mitochondrial genes COI and 16S.
Türk Annelerinin ve Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklarının Etkileşimsel Davranışlarının Araştırılması: Erken Müdahaleye Yönelik Öneriler

The present study explored 148 Turkish mothers’ styles of interaction and interactive engagement behaviors of their children who have special needs (speech and language delays, mild intellectual disabilities, and autism). Video recordings mother-child interactions were analyzed using the Turkish Version of Maternal Behavior Rating Scale (TV-MBRS; Diken, 2009) and the Turkish Version of Child Behavior Rating Scale (TV-CBRS; Diken, 2009). Results revealed that the groups differed in terms of sensitivity, praise, directiveness and pace of the TV-MBRS and all of the TV-CBRS items. Implications for early intervention in Turkey were provided.
TRENDS OF THE CONTAGION RISK IN SOVEREIGN SPREADS FOR EMERGING EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

We investigate the sovereign spreads behavior of the European emerging countries using the clustering technique. Our main finding is that the distances between spreads during high volatile times is significantly lower than in normal periods, that is, the correlation is much higher. Secondly, the market sentiment explains a much higher percentage of the spreads movements during turbulent times. Thirdly, the link between spreads and macroeconomic fundamentals seems to be blurred compared with the expectations from the economic theory.
Genetic diversity of Cytospora schulzeri isolates using RAPD-PCR and MP-PCR markers on Apples of Semirom Region of Iran

Genetic diversity relationships of 50 isolates of Cytospora schulzeri on apple from different parts of the Semirom region were analyzed using 15 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers, 7 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and 8 Microsatellite primed polymerase chain reaction (MP- PCR). Using 7 selected RAPD primers 113 bands were generated, of which 81 bands were polymorphic (71.7%), with an average of 11.57 polymorphic fragments per primer, and with 8 selected MP-PCR primers 107 amplified bands were observed with 78 polymorphic bands (72.3%), with an average of 9.75 polymorphic fragments per primer. In RAPD marker, number of polymorphic bands varied from 8 (241) to 15 (230, 238, OPA13) with an average of 11.57 per primer and which varied in size from 200 to 3750 bp. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 64% (203 and 232) to a maximum of 83% (238). In MP-PCR marker, number of polymorphic bands varied from 6 (CAG) to 12 (GTG and ATG) with an average of 9.75 per primer and which varied in size from 200 to 3500 bp. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 54% (CAG) to a maximum of 81% (ACTG). By combining markers, a total of 220 bands were detected, of which 159 bands (72%) were polymorphic and produced on an average 10.6 polymorphic bands per primer. The results showed that both markers were suitable for the detection of genetic polymorphism among apple C. schulzeri isolates. Estimated genetic relationship using similarity co-efficient (Jaccard's) values between different pair of accessions varied from 0.54 to 0.89 in RAPD, 0.62 to 0.89 in MP- PCR and 0.62 to 0.87 with combined markers based similarities. High cophenetic correlation between the similarity matrix and corresponding dendrogram was obtained by RAPD + MP-PCR marker (r = 0.81). Cluster analysis of the data using UPGMA based on Jaccards similarity coefficient, divided the isolates into six groups, showing a high genetic diversity among populations of C. schulzeri. Keyword: apple, cytospora,genetic diversity, MP-PCR, RAPD
On covariance estimation of non-synchronously observed diffusion processes

We consider the problem of estimating the covariance of two diffusion processes when they are observed only at discrete times in a non-synchronous manner. The modern, popular approach in the literature, the realized covariance estimator, which is based on (regularly spaced) synchronous data, is problematic because the choice of regular interval size and data interpolation scheme may lead to unreliable estimation. We propose a new estimator which is free of any ‘synchronization’ processing of the original data, hence free of bias or other problems caused by it.
The Relationship between Intrinsic Motivation and Happiness with Academic Achievement in High School Students

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of internal motivation and happiness with academic achievement among high school students. Using cluster random sampling 341 student were selected . Then internal motivation and happiness questionnaires administrated. To measure the academic achievement, their academic grade average was used. Collected data analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analyses and Z test. The results showed that there is positive and significant relationship between internal motivation and academic achievement (P<./.1). There is positive and significant relationship between happiness and academic achievement (P<./.1). The relationship of internal motivation and academic achievement as well as happiness and academic achievement among male and female students is no different. The results of regression analysis showed that only internal motivation is able to predict academic achievement.
Improving of Junior High School Visual Thinking Representation Ability in Mathematical Problem Solving by CTL

The students’ difficulty which was found is in the problem of understanding, drawing diagrams, reading the charts correctly, conceptual formal mathematical understanding, and mathematical problem solving. The appropriate problem representation is the basic way in order to understand the problem itself and make a plan to solve it. This research was the experimental classroom design with a pretestposttest control in order to increase the representation of visual thinking ability on mathematical problem solving approach with contextual learning. The research instrument was a test, observation and interviews. Contextual approach increases of mathematical representations ability increases in students with high initial category, medium, and low compared to conventional approaches.
Experimental characterization of an unglazed transpired solar collector

This work presents an experimental methodology used to characterize the thermal performances of unglazed transpired collectors (UTC). The main relevant parameters that were measured are: the absorber plate temperature, the ambient temperature, and the air outlet temperature. As a general conclusion, it was found that an increase in irradiation has about twice the impact on the thermal performances of any of the panel investigated parameters than the diameter of the perforations. Ongoing research is now carried out with actual and potential Canadian manufacturers to improve the design methodology and optimize this type of collector to eastern Canada climate.
Actual Share Repurchases and Price Efficiency in Canada

In this master thesis, I explore the influence of actual share repurchases on price efficiency, using a manually collected data set regarding the Canadian market. In the main analysis, I regress measures of price efficiency on measures of repurchase activity. I find that share repurchases increase price efficiency, this depending on the measure of repurchase activity used in the analysis. Moreover, by examining the impact of share repurchases in up and down markets, I conclude that share repurchases improve efficiency especially in down markets, this indicating that firms use them to provide price support at fundamental values. Supervisor: Dr. S. Obernberger Erasmus School of Economics
The Construction of “Democratic” Corporatism in Italy

Based on field research at both the national and local levels, this article reconstructs the emergence of negotiated policy making in Italy in the 1990s. It argues that standard corporatist theory is totally incapable of accounting for the particular organizational mechanisms through which, at critical moments, that is, the moments in which policy change had to be introduced, consensus was mobilized among both middle-level union structures and rank-and-file workers in Italy. In fact, absent centralized organizational capacities, the Italian unions relied heavily on democratic decision-making procedures. These procedures strengthened the unions' capacity to hold to their side of the bargaining in national negotiations through essentially two types of mechanisms, aggregative and deliberative.
PERFORMANCE , CARCASS YIELD AND LITTER QUALITY OF BROILERS RAISED ON LITTERS TREATED WITH MICRO-ORGANISMS

The present paper aimed at evaluating the effect of adding beneficial micro-organisms to the litters on litter quality, performance and carcass yield for broilers. A total of 240 one-day chicks were used, and randomly distributed in blocks with four treatments and four replications. The following treatments were carried out in the housing: Treatment 1 – Control with weekly spraying of water on the litters; Treatment 2 – Litter treated with a mixture of inoculated and fermented meal by micro-organisms and weekly spraying of water; Treatment 3 – Litter treated by weekly spraying of micro-organisms; Treatment 4 – Litter treated with the same mixture of meals from treatment two and weekly spraying of micro-organisms. Performance was evaluated by the feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, viability and carcass, breast and leg yield. From litter samples, pH, dry matter, ashes and nitrogen were evaluated. No differences were found among the treatments. In the conditions the animals were raised, it can be concluded that the treatment on the litter does not affect performance, carcass yield and quality of the litter for broilers.
Who Is a Stream? Epistemic Communities, Instrument Constituencies and Advocacy Coalitions in Public Policy-Making

John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) was articulated in order to better understand how issues enter ed onto policy agendas, using the concept of policy actors interacting over the course of sequences of events in what he referred to as the “problem”, “policy” and “politics” “streams”. However, it is not a priori certain who the agents are in this process and how they interact with each other. As was common at the time, in his study Kingdon used an undifferen- tiated concept of a “policy subsystem” to group together and capture the activities of various policy actors involved in this process. However, this article argues that the policy world Kingdon envisioned can be better visualized as one composed of distinct subsets of actors who engage in one specific type of interaction involved in the definition of policy problems: ei- ther the articulation of problems, the development of solutions, or their enactment. Rather than involve all subsystem ac- tors, this article argues that three separate sets of actors are involved in these tasks: epistemic communities are engaged in discourses about policy problems; instrument constituencies define policy alternatives and instruments; and advoca- cy coalitions compete to have their choice of policy alternatives adopted. Using this lens, the article focuses on actor interactions involved both in the agenda-setting activities Kingdon examined as well as in the policy formulation ac- tivities following the agenda setting stage upon which Kingdon originally worked. This activity involves the definition of policy goals (both broad and specific), the creation of the means and mechanisms to realize these goals, and the set of bureaucratic, partisan, electoral and other political struggles involved in their acceptance and transformation into action. Like agenda-setting, these activities can best be modeled using a differentiated subsystem approach.
Genetic Variation of the MAO B Gene is Related to Shorter Reaction Times in Alcohol Dependent Patients

Introduction: Both low levels of platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) and polymorphisms of the MAO A gene coding for MAO A activity have been found to be associated with alcoholism and violent or impulsive aggression, while associations of these variables with the polymorphism of the MAO B gene coding for MAO B activity have hardly been reported. Therefore the present study tries to investigate if the polymorphism rs1799836 of the MAO B gene located on intron 13 of chromosome X is associated with alcohol dependence, and if possible associations between aggression related personality traits and the MAO B polymorphism are different in patients and controls. Method: In a small pilot study including 60 male alcohol dependent patients and individually matched healthy controls, personality questionnaire scores on aggression and impulsivity and reaction times in a Go/NoGo task as a measure of impulsive behavior were obtained and genotypes A and G for the single nucleotide polymorphism on the MAO B gene (rs1799836) were determined. Results: The ratios of A and G carriers in patients and controls were both equivalent to ratios in Caucasian populations and not statistically different between groups. Aggression and impulsivity scores were not statistically different between genotypes, but significantly faster reaction times were observed in G-as compared to A-genotype participants exclusively in the patient group (p=.016). Discussion: Although no association between the polymorphism of the MAO B gene and alcohol dependence was observed, and the association with aggression failed to reach statistical significance, it is noteworthy that faster reaction times in carriers of the G allele were exclusively observed in alcohol dependent patients and not in controls This might be explained by the possible effects of the investigated polymorphism on brain dopamine levels modified by alcohol dependence. Conclusions: The study provides a hypothesis for a novel functional significance of the MAO B gene associated with alcohol dependence.
Effect of Low Tannin Sorghum Based Feed on Physical and Nutritional Quality of Layer Chicken Eggs

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with low tannin sorghum (LTS) in layer feed on the physical and nutritional quality of eggs of layers at peak egg production stage. One hundred and twenty, 30-weeks old hens were grouped into three blocks of forty birds per block and were subjected to three different diets: 100%Maize, 50%Maize50%LTS and 100%LTS for 8 weeks. Eggs were collected on the 4th and 8th week of feeding trial. The results showed that eggs had statistically similar weights, amounts of protein, fat, Vitamin E and Vitamin A. The colour of egg yolks increased in lightness and reduced in hue and Chroma significantly across all the dietary blocks with increase in LTS while cholesterol content decreased. The saturated fatty acid content in the albumin and yolk oil extract remained constant irrespective of the period of feeding or variation of Maize and LTS content. The Monounsaturated fatty acid content decreased significantly (P=0.0003) during the whole trial diet period. The Polyunsaturated fatty acid content remained constant for the albumin (P=0.4095) while the yolk showed an increase (P=0.1162) from the initial 15.82±0.57 g/100g on the 4th week to 24.05±7.25 g/100g on the 8th week for diets with 100%Maize. 50%M50%LTS increased from 14.59±0.16 to 21.48±4.19 g/100g and 100%LTS had its Polyunsaturated fatty acid content decline from 13.36±0.31 to 10.71±0.32g/100g. This study indicates that LTS can replace Maize as a source of energy in chicken feeds with no adverse effects on the quality of the eggs.
Variability in Soil Erodibility Parameters of Tigris Riverbanks Using Linear and Non-Linear Models

Most researches have predicted soil erosion of cohesive riverbanks using linear (excess shear stress model) and non-linear (Wilson model) models based on two soil parameters (detachment coefficient, kd, and critical shear stress, τc) of the linear model and two soil mechanistic parameters (mechanistic detachment parameter, b0, and threshold parameter, b1) of the non-linear model. The goal of this research was to quantify the soil erodibility parameters of Tigris Riverbanks on Nu’maniyah-Kut Barrage reach using linear and non-linear models through the model parameters at three different water contents: dry side, optimum side, and wet side of water contents. Soil samples were collected from three locations south of Baghdad city on Nu’maniyah-Kut Barrage reach of Tigris Riverbanks. Six soil samples acquired from these sites were laboratory tests achieved using a miniature version of Jet Erosion Test device (“mini” JET) to determine the erodibility parameters of both linear and non-linear models. Blaisdell solution (BL) and scour depth solution (SD) were applied to determine (kd and τc) of linear model from JETs data. Physical soil characteristics; including bulk density, particle size distribution (sand%, silt%, and clay%), average particle size (D50), and angle of repose were reported for six samples acquired from the three sites. The results showed lower value of kd of toe in compared with bank side for some specific sites as observed for both BL and SD solutions of excess shear stress model especially at wet side of water content. No general pattern of τc related to different water content were observed. The parameters (b0 and b1) of non-linear model have the same behavior of linear model parameters (kd and τc), but with different magnitude related to different water contents, respectively.
Enhancing Academic Performance through Parental Involvement Strategies

This research aimed to enhance academic performance in Science through the conduct of several school activities in which the parents are invited to participate. The participants were students of Grade 9 Section 2 at Esteban Abada High School in Manila. The majority of the participants belong to the 15-17 age range. Parental involvement strategies such as giving certificates to top performing students in the class during card distribution, showcasing performance-based outputs in Science on a monthly basis and showing of a video on selected class experiences were done to encourage the parents to come to school and be involved in the activities of the students. Results showed that these interventions facilitated parental involvement. Generally, positive feedback information from the parents were elicited and promoted better understanding of their child's performance in school. A significant difference in the pre-testing and post testing which indicated improvement in academic performance was revealed in the study. Likewise, parents became more involved in home-based and school-based activities because of the conduct of the various strategies which have implicitly enhanced performance in science.