Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of melatonin in pediatric migraine prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE Preventive therapy in migraine must be started with frequent or disabling headaches in children, while, no drugs have been approved for migraine preventive therapy of them up to now. The aim of the present research was to investigate safety and efficacy of melatonin in pediatric migraine prophylaxis. METHODS In a quasi- experimental study, monthly frequency, severity and duration of headache, migraine disability and clinical side effects in sixty migraineur referred children to Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Medical Sciences University, Yazd, Iran from January to June 2013 whom were treated with single dose of 0.3 mg/kg melatonin for three months, were evaluated. RESULTS Thirty two (53.3%) girls and 28(46.7%) boys with mean age of 10.31 ± 2.39 years were evaluated, 38 of whom (63.3%) had migraine without aura. Clinical adverse events were seen in 23.3% (N=14) of children including sleepiness in seven, vomiting in four, mild hypotension in two and constipation in one child. Excessive daytime sleepiness as a serious side effect was seen in three children which caused the drug use to be stopped. Monthly frequency, severity and duration of headache reduced from 15.63 ± 7.64 to 7.07 ± 4.42 attacks, from 6.20 ± 1.67 to 3.55 ± 2.11 scores, and from 2.26 ± 1.34 to 1.11 ± 0.55 hours, respectively. Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment score decreased from 31.72 ± 8.82 to 17.78 ± 10.64. (All p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Melatonin might be considered as an effective and without life-threatening side effects drug in prophylaxis of migraine in children.
Rigidity of Retinal Vessel in Untreated Eyes of Normal Tension Primary Open-angle Glaucoma Patients

BackgroundTo analyze pulse wave propagation in the ocular circulation and vessel stiffness in untreated eyes of normal tension primary open-angle glaucoma (NTG) patients. MethodsInferotemporal retinal vessels of 22 NTG eyes and 25 controls were examined with a Retinal Vessel Analyzer. Inferotemporal peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured by ocular coherence tomography. Phase delay between venous trough and arterial peak was assessed at 3 sites centrifugal from the disc and a choroid-to-retina pulse delay was calculated as an estimation of vessel rigidity. ResultsThere was choroid-to-retina pulse delay of 0.26±0.08, 0.30±0.11, and 0.33±0.11 seconds, respectively, in NTG eyes at proximal, middle, and distal sites; in control eyes, the corresponding values were 0.28±0.10, 0.35±0.12, and 0.40±0.17 seconds. Average choroid-to-retina pulse delay was shorter in NTG eyes (P=0.028). Retinal nerve fiber layer (inferotemporal) showed an opposite correlation with choroid-to-retina pulse delay in controls (r=−0.48, P=0.019) and in NTG eyes (r=0.47, P=0.032 ). ConclusionsUntreated NTG eyes show stiffer retinal vessels. Vessel rigidity correlates with level of glaucomatous damage.
Two-Phase Diagram of Earthquake Distributions

This paper explains a model that shows that the conventional debate over whether earthquakes obey a Gutenberg-Richter Distribution or a Characteristic Distribution at a specific fault could be unfounded. The model, in the mean-field approximation, predicts a mode-switching phase and a Gutenberg-Richter phase that gives rise to the possibility of time-dependent seismic behavior. A qualitative phase diagram is obtained in parameter space and a second-order transition point is identified. Comparison with paleosiesmic data is made and discussed.
Gem formation upon constitutive Gemin3 overexpression in Drosophila

Gems or ‘Gemini of Cajal bodies’ are spherical nuclear aggregates of SMN (survival of motor neurons) complexes that frequently overlap Cajal bodies. Although described and characterized in mammalian tissues, gems have not been reported in invertebrates. Stimulation of gem formation in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster was investigated through the constitutive overexpression of a fluorescently tagged transgene of a DEAD‐box SMN complex member, Gemin3, in wild‐type tissues. Although expression was predominantly cytoplasmic in the larval brain cells, Gemin3 was found enriched in multiple discrete bright foci in the nuclei of several tissues including epidermis, muscle and gut. Similar to their mammalian counterparts, Drosophila gems contained endogenous SMN and at times overlapped with Cajal bodies. These findings support the hypothesis that gems are storage sites for excess nuclear SMN complexes and their frequent association with Cajal bodies might imply recruitment for nuclear ribonucleoprotein assembly reactions.
Under-reporting of notifiable infectious disease hospitalizations: significant improvements in the Irish context

SUMMARY Notification of infectious disease is essential for prompt public health action and epidemiological analysis. The aim of this study was to compare national hospitalization data to national notification data in order to assess if there was significant under-reporting of hospitalized notifiable infectious diseases in recent years in Ireland. All in-patient discharges from public hospitals in the Republic of Ireland from 2006 to 2011 with a principal diagnosis of a notifiable disease were compared with national notification data. It was found that only a potential 1·8% of extra notifications could have arisen due to these hospitalization events and would represent a tenfold reduction on a previous estimate of under-reporting in the Irish context. Viral meningitis, viral encephalitis, bacterial meningitis not otherwise specified and malaria were the most common diseases for which there were more hospitalizations than notifications reported. The results of this study support the conclusion that the reduction in under-reporting can mainly be accounted for by the introduction of laboratories as notifiers in conjunction with the roll out of the Computerized Infectious Disease Reporting system (CIDR). However, for the diseases highlighted, the notification data underestimates the true burden of disease and this has implications for understanding the epidemiology of these diseases.
Pregnancy rate from timed-artificial insemination and natural service of oestrus synchronized Kedah-Kelantan and crossbred cows in two management systems.

Improved reproductive efficiency is the outcome of herd management and could involve a decision to choose between artificial insemination (AI) and natural service (NS). The objective of the present study was to determine the time of ovulation and pregnancy rate (PR) following timed AI (TAI) and NS, and frequency of TAI of two different management systems in oestrus synchronized Kedah-Kelantan (KK) and KK crossbred (CB) cows. Cows were assigned to two management systems: pen (A, n=80) and pasture (B, n=70). The cows were synchronized with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device for 7 d, and injected intramuscularly with 500 µg of synthetic prostaglandin (PGF) analogue 2 d prior to CIDR withdrawal. Seventeen KK and 47 CB cows were scanned for follicular mapping to determine the ovulation time. Cows were later bred in A using NS (n=20) or TAI at 56 h (ATAIS56, n=20), 65 h (ATAIS65, n=20) and 72 h (ATAIS72, n=20) and in B using TAI at 56 h (BTAIS56, n=16), 65 h (BTAIS65, n=18) and 72 h (BTAIS72, n=16) following CIDR withdrawal. KK and CB cows were then compared for number of AI services conducted: one service (S56S, n= 20) and two services (S56D, n= 20) of TAI. Mean ovulation time of the cows studied was 85.1±1.6 h. Cows managed on pasture and inseminated at a fixed time of 65 h showed higher (22%, p>0.05) PR compared with the other groups studied. The percentage of pregnant cows managed on pasture was higher (p>0.05) for cows bred with TAI at 65 h than at 56 h and 72 h and all groups under NS kept in the pen. There was no significant difference between TAI and NS groups managed on pasture. Pregnancy rate of cows with one-service TAI (25%) was higher than those with two-service TAI (20%) done at 56 h and 96 h. It can be concluded that ovulation occurs at 85.1 h after CIDR withdrawal, and the pregnancy rate is not affected by the management system and the number of services of TAI.
Pulmonary function test in formalin exposed and nonexposed subjects: A comparative study

Background: The main function of the lung is gas exchange, which can be assessed in several ways. A spirometer measures the flow and the volumes of the inspired and expired air. The thoracic and abdominal muscle strength plays an important role in pulmonary function and diffusing lung capacity. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of formalin exposure on the pulmonary function to compare with healthy individuals. To assess the chronic effects of formalin exposure on Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in the faculties, lab technicians and attender of the Department of Anatomy and Pathology of SRM Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in 50 healthy formalin exposed subjects (at least 5 years exposure) from Department of Anatomy and Pathology of SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur and 50 healthy controls of same age group of this study were included after obtaining ethical clearance and consent ‘Easy One Pro Spirometer (Ndd Medical Technologies, Cheshire SK 101LT, United Kingdom) was used to find out the PFT. Results: Student's t-test was applied to compare the PFT parameters between formalin exposed and formalin nonexposed group. There was a significant difference in mean and standard deviation of pulmonary parameters with the P < 0.005 in formalin exposed, which shows that they have lesser ventilatory drive. Conclusion: The formalin exposed subjects in our study presented with a mixed disorder of both obstructive and restrictive type. We also found that there was a negative correlation of pulmonary function with that of the degree and duration of exposure to formalin.
A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Ascorbic Acid in Obesity

A double blind placebo controlled trial of ascorbic acid was carried out in 41 severely obese subjects. 38 patients completed the 6 week trial. 19 received 3g of ascorbic acid per day, 19 received placebo. The weight loss during the trial was small in both groups but was significantly greater in the ascorbic acid treated group.
HERITABILITY OF SOCIAL ANXIETY-RELATED CONCERNS AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS: A TWIN STUDY

Negative evaluation fears figure prominently in the cognitive psychology of patients with social phobia. In this study, we examine the heritability of negative evaluation fears by using a twin sample. The authors also examine the relationships between negative evaluation fears and personality dimensions relevant to social phobia. Scores on the brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) were examined in a sample of 437 (245 monozygotic and 192 dizygotic) twin pairs. Biometrical model fitting was conducted by using standard statistical methods. Genetic and environmental correlations with personality dimensions (from the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire) were also calculated. Broad heritability estimate of the BFNE was 48%. Additive genetic effects and unique environmental effects emerged as the primary influences on negative evaluation fears. Genetic correlations between BFNE scores and the submissiveness, anxiousness, and social avoidance facets of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire were high (rg = .78 to .80). A cognitive dimension central to the phenomenology (and, perhaps, cause) of social phobia, the fear of being negatively evaluated, is moderately heritable. Moreover, the same genes that influence negative evaluation fears appear to influence a cluster of anxiety-related personality characteristics. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Neural background of glucocorticoid dysfunction‐induced abnormal aggression in rats: involvement of fear‐ and stress‐related structures

Glucocorticoid hypofunction is associated with persistent aggression in some psychologically disordered human subjects and, as reported recently, induces abnormal forms of aggression in rats. Here we report on the effects of glucocorticoid hypofunction on aggression‐induced neural activation. Rats were adrenalectomized, and implanted with low‐release glucocorticoid pellets. After one week recovery, they were challenged by an unfamiliar intruder in their home‐cage. Neural activation was studied by c‐Fos protein immunocytochemistry. Aggressive encounters in controls induced c‐Fos activation in all brain areas relevant for the control of aggression (cortex, amygdala, septum, hypothalamus, periaqueductal grey and the locus coeruleus). Very intense c‐Fos activation was observed in the medial amygdala, the hypothalamic attack area and the periaqueductal grey matter which constitute a downward stimulatory stream that activates attack behaviour. The experimentally induced glucocorticoid hypofunction dramatically increased attacks targeted towards vulnerable parts of the opponent's body (mainly the head). This abnormal behaviour was not associated with changes in the activation of brain centres involved in the control of aggression. However, the activation of brain centres involved in both the stress response (the parvocellular part of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus) and fear reactions (central amygdala) were markedly increased. An acute glucocorticoid treatment abolished both behavioural and neural consequences of glucocorticoid hypofunction. Our data suggest that glucocorticoid hypofunction‐induced abnormal forms of aggressiveness are related to increased sensitivity to stressors and fear‐eliciting stimuli. This assumption is supported by the finding that fearful situations induce attack patterns in intact rats that are similar to those induced by glucocorticoid hypofunction.
Panic disorder and gastrointestinal symptoms: findings from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area project.

OBJECTIVE Clinical experience and recent reports suggest that there is a high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with panic disorder and that there is a high prevalence of panic disorder in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, a functional gastrointestinal disorder. To assess gastrointestinal symptoms in a nonpatient, community-based sample, the authors surveyed the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with panic disorder and other or no psychiatric disorders obtained in a national community survey. METHOD Subjects were 13,537 respondents at four sites of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiological Catchment Area project. DSM-III diagnoses were determined by using the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed from the somatization disorder section of the DIS. RESULTS Individuals with panic disorder had a significantly higher rate of endorsing gastrointestinal symptoms, including those typically associated with irritable bowel syndrome, than those with other or no psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a diagnostic overlap between panic disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, with similar demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. Limitations of the study are discussed in terms of medical assessment and self-report inventories. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Reproductive life of some Gujar women of Punjab.

Data was collected on current age, age at menarche, marriage age, maternal age at 1st birth, age at the birth of last child, age at menopause, total number of conceptions, live births, stillbirths, abortions, dead children and living children for a sample of 150 Gunjar women of Punjab, India, during September and October 1977 to study their reproductive life. The women ranged in age from 45-55 years. The mean age at menarche was 14.90 years for the sample. The median age at menopause was 46.20 years. The mean age at marriage of the present sample was 12.56+-2.50 years; the mean age of the mother at the birth of her 1st child was 16.85 years; and the mean age at the birth of the last child was 38.68 years. The average number of conceptions was 7.2; the average number of live births of these 150 women was 6.90. The fertility of this population was natural as they were not using any family planning method.
An Improved Calculation of Copper Losses in Integrated Power Inductors on Silicon

Thin-film Si-integrated inductors with closed cores have different magnetic field distributions in the winding window space compared to the inductors with unclosed cores. One-dimensional methods are no longer applicable for these inductors to calculate the ac resistance. Based on the analysis of the magnetic field distribution of the devices, a 2-D field solution was developed, which leads to an improved 2-D method to calculate the ac resistance of the device. High accuracy of this new approach has been verified by finite-element analysis, while 1-D methods can lead to significant errors.
Enhanced Susceptibility to Leishmania Infection in Resistant Mice in the Absence of Immediate Early Response Gene X-11

Immediate early response gene X-1 (IEX-1) is a stress-inducible gene abundantly expressed in macrophages and T cells following various stimuli. To explore a potential role for IEX-1 in control of the susceptibility to Leishmania major infection, the inflammatory response during cutaneous leishmaniasis was evaluated in 129Sv/C57BL/6-resistant mice in the presence or absence of IEX-1. Null mutation of IEX-1 enhanced the susceptibility of the mice to L. major infection, and aggravated inflammatory responses in comparison with wild-type control mice. The excessive inflammation was not ascribed to a Th2-biased immune response or a defect in Th1 polarization, but rather to an elevated level of IL-17 production by both γδ T and CD4+ cells, concomitant with an increase of the neutrophil recruitment early in the infection. The lack of IEX-1 also suppressed TNF-α production in both macrophages and T cells, resulting in a high intralesional load of parasites and delayed healing of the lesion, both of which were reversed by TNF-α treatment. These findings indicate the crucial role of IL-17 and TNF-α in determining the outcome of L. major infection beyond a balance between Th1- and Th2-mediated immune responses.
A controlled trial of a two-component acellular, a five-component acellular, and a whole-cell pertussis vaccine.

BACKGROUND Because of concern about safety and efficacy, no pertussis vaccine has been included in the vaccination program in Sweden since 1979. To provide data that might permit the reintroduction of a pertussis vaccine, we conducted a placebo-controlled trial of two acellular and one whole-cell pertussis vaccines. METHODS After informed consent was obtained, 9829 children born in 1992 were randomly assigned to receive one of four vaccines: a two-component acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine (2566 children), a five-component acellular DTP vaccine (2587 children), a whole-cell DTP vaccine licensed in the United States (2102 children), or (as a control) a vaccine containing diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DT) alone (2574 children). The vaccines were given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, and the children were then followed for signs of pertussis for an additional 2 years (to a mean age of 21/2 years). RESULTS The whole-cell vaccine was associated with significantly higher rates of protracted crying, cyanosis, fever, and local reactions than the other three vaccines. The rates of adverse events were similar for the acellular vaccines and the control DT vaccine. After three doses, the efficacy of the vaccines with respect to pertussis linked to a laboratory-confirmed case of pertussis or contact with an infected household member with paroxysmal cough for > or = 21 days was 58.9 percent for the two-component vaccine (95 percent confidence interval, 50.9 to 65.9 percent), 85.2 percent for the five-component vaccine (95 percent confidence interval, 80.6 to 88.8 percent), and 48.3 percent for the whole-cell vaccine (95 percent confidence interval, 37.0 to 57.6 percent). CONCLUSIONS The five-component acellular pertussis vaccine we evaluated can be recommended for general use, since it has a favorable safety profile and confers sustained protection against pertussis. The two-component acellular vaccine and the whole-cell vaccine were less efficacious.
First rearing attempts of pollack, Pollachius pollachius

Pollack or lythe, Polluchius pollachius (Gadidae) is a carnivorous fish. Pollack occurs on the Atlantic Coast, from Portugal to the north of Norway. Annual landings are 16 200 tonnes (FAO, 1993). Data recorded on pollack biology are scarce. Large aggregations are observed during the spawning period. Spawning begins between February in Spain and May in Norway, in depths less than 150 m, at water temperature close to lO0C (Moreau, 1964). Mean egg diameter is 1.16 mm (Hislop and Bell, 1987). Hatched larvae are pelagic and their length ranges from 3 to 4 mm. Larvae occur near the surface, at depth lower than 10 m (Russel, 1976). Pollack growth is rapid: a weight of 0.9 kg was recorded by Dupouy et al. (1990) for three-year-old fish. Adult food is primarily composed of fish but also cephalopods and crustaceans (Du Buit, 1982). Aquaculture of pollack has not been reported in the literature. Because its growth is rapid, the captivity performances of pollack were tested in order to select new candidates for aquaculture. The purpose of this work was to examine the performances of this species during reproduction, larval rearing, weaning and ongrowing phases.
Pharmacological Modulation of Plasticity in the Human Motor Cortex

Ischemic cerebral stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability among adults in industrialized countries. One fundamental but still not sufficiently solved question is how to improve disability after stroke. Here, evidence will be reviewed on how pharmacological treatment modulates plasticity and learning in the intact human motor cortex. It will be argued that these data may be useful for advancing the concepts of pharmacotherapy for recovery after stroke.
Capacity Estimation of Li-Ion Batteries Using Constant Current Charging Voltage With Multilayer Perceptron

Various methods have been proposed to estimate the capacity of lithium-ion batteries through constant current constant voltage charging. Existing algorithms require limiting the charging current and starting the charge from a specific low state of charge (SOC). In this paper, a capacity estimation algorithm for various initial SOC and 2 C charging currents is proposed. The proposed algorithm estimates capacity through a multilayer perceptron neural network using voltage curves measured during constant current (CC) charging, charging times, and initial SOC. Estimation accuracy was verified using two aging experiments. Estimation result shows that the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is 0.39% and Maximum Error (ME) is 2.12%. In addition, even if there is an error in the estimated initial SOC, the capacity estimation errors are 0.85% MAE and 3.23% ME, showing robust characteristics regarding initial SOC estimate errors. The proposed algorithm is available for high charging currents and various initial SOC conditions, it and estimates capacity with high accuracy, even if there are errors in the estimated initial SOC. Owing to these advantages, the proposed algorithm can be easily implemented in actual applications.
How New Is the New Social Study of Childhood? The Myth of a Paradigm Shift

During the past two decades, a well-organized group of social scientists has proclaimed a new paradigm of childhood that views children as subjects and childhood as socially constructed. An explanation of why these claims are not new from a historical perspective requires a deep understanding of the landscape of modern childhood and its intellectual origins. The terms of modern childhood have long positioned children as subjects who know by making them objects of knowledge. This paradox cannot be circumvented without the introduction of an entirely new language of personhood.