Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study the activity of Acid , Alkaline RNase and 5 ′-nucleotidases in sera of Child with Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow (spongy tissue in the center of bone). Childhood acute leukemia is the most common cancer in children, accounting for approximately one-third of all childhood neoplasms in developed countries. Materials and Methods: Laboratory investigations including serum total protein , acid and alkaline RNas and 5 ′-nucleotidases enzymes.Blood samples were collected from 60 patients diagnosed to Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after one month treatment with induction therapy. Age and sex matched 30 healthy persons selected as control. Results: serum total protein showed A significant decrease in patients group when compared to control group (P<0.01), Activities and Specific Activities of Serum Alkaline RNase , acid RNase and5 ′ -nucleotidases showed A significant increase in patients group when compared to control group(p<0.001). Conclusions, The activity of these enzymes in serum give the idea to be suitable in predicting treatment response in the long term follow up of patients. It has been suggested that the measurement of acid RNase ,ALK RNase, and 5’Nucleotidase enzymes could be measured as malignant disease markers Key word: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ,5 ′-nucleotidases , alkaline RNase and Acid RNas
Analysis of genes coding for small-subunit rRNA sequences in studying phylogenetics of dematiaceous fungal pathogens

Because of their ability to display yeast-like growth forms in various environmental conditions, dematiaceous (melanized) hyphomycetes of the form-genera Exophiala, Rhinocladiella, and Wangiella have been informally termed "black yeasts. " Cladistic analysis of 1,050 bp of the genes coding for small-subunit rRNA (SSU rDNA) supported a close relationship among species of these black yeasts with other dematiaceous hyphomycetes in the form-genera Fonsecaea, Phialophora, and Ramichloridium. The conventional categories of these fungi based on asexual states are not supported by phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA sequences. Isolates exhibiting annellidic modes of blastic conidiogenesis (e.g., Exophiala spp.) were not monophyletic and were placed as sister taxa to isolates that produce phialides or sympodulae. The results indicated very close relationships between isolates of Wangiella dermatitidis and Exophiala mansonii and between Rhinocladiella aquaspersa and Exophiala jeanselmei. This clade of dematiaceous hyphomycetes was a sister group to a clade comprising members of two orders of cleistothecial ascomycetes, Eurotiales and Onygenales. The etiological agents of chromoblastomycosis were found to be a closely related group (clade), while the agents of phaeohyphomycosis displayed a broader distribution on the SSU rDNA tree.
[Related structures of the lateral sphenoid wall anatomy studies in CT and MRI].

OBJECTIVE To study the anatomy of the Lateral Sphenoid Wall in CT and MRI in normal adults so as to provide a theoretical basis for imagine science. METHOD High resolution CT in axial and coronal planes was conducted on 25 normal adults. MRI in axial and coronal planes, using SE T1 WI and FSE T2 WI was conducted on 20 volunteers. RESULT 1. The pneumatisation of sphenoid sinus can be divided into two types: Pneumatisation of the sphenoid body and the one of sphenoid process. The former one can be subdivided into three categories: concha (2%), pre sellar (20%), sellar (78%). The latter can be subdivided into four categories: lesser wing (38%), greater wing (40%), pterygoid process (34%) and dorsum sellar (6%). 2. The thinnest part (< 1 mm) of the LSW is located at the inner wall of the optic nerve canal (96%), at the bony wall in the plane of sphenoethmoid recess (86%), the bony wall in the plane of the internal carotid artery (66%). 3. Over pneumatised sphenoid sinus could make the foramen rotumdum (64%) and pterygoid canal (44%) protrudes into the sphenoid cavity. CONCLUSION Attention should be paid to the various mode of pneumatization around the optic nerve canal.
Concept Formation and Verbalization

The role of verbal language in concept formation is perhaps a debatable topics. Gay and Cole (1967) held that language competence might be necessary in forming disjunctive and conjunctive concepts. After finding differences in concept formation among language groups, Gay conjectured that the ease with which a language expresses disjunction or conjunction contributes to ease in forming such concepts. Subsequent research, for example, that of Zepp (1983), has shown that the relationship is probably not as simple as Gay speculated. The present study examined a subject who could not use formal language, an illiterate who had been deaf and dumb from birth. He was living deep in the forests of the Ivory Coast and had never been to school or even to a town; aged twenty, his only 'language' was a few hand signs such as 'come,' 'eat,' etc. A method often used to examine concept formation is the 'four-card problem' (Zepp, 1983). Briefly, a subject is simultaneously shown two pairs of colored cards, only one pak of which exemplifies a logical rule. The subject, who does not know the rule in advance, chooses a pair and is told whether it is the correct one. H e is then shown two more pairs and is asked to choose again. He can gradually learn to choose the correct pairs consistently. The deaf-mute subject, given the task of discovering an inclusively disjunctive rule ('red and/or green'), did not score mastery, although he managed eight consecutive correct responses before giving up. Next he mastered a conjunctive task ('black and yellow') after five trials. Finally, he mastered another disjunctive task after only two trials. This subject then mastered conjunctive and disjunctive concepts without formal language, and in a manner consistent with results from verbal subjects (in fact, better than many subjects). This result has implications for the teaching of verbally handicapped persons. In some instances, it may be preferable to teach them concepts nonverbally, instead of insisting that all learning be language-based.
International Diversification, SFAS 131 and Post‐Earnings‐Announcement Drift

Using 1990 through 2013 data of U.S. firms with foreign operations, we show that (i) the serial correlation of analyst forecast errors increases in the extent of international diversification, (ii) postâ€ earningsâ€ announcement drift (PEAD) based on analyst forecast errors increases in the extent of international diversification, and (iii) the impact of international diversification on the serial correlation of analyst forecast errors and its associated drift is significantly reduced after the implementation of SFAS 131 on segment disclosures. When we replicate our tests using seasonally differenced earnings, we fail to observe similar patterns. Overall, our results suggest that investorsâ€™ underreaction to announced earnings is a likely explanation for PEAD. Our findings also indicate that disclosures required under SFAS 131 are useful to analysts in forming efficient earnings expectations, thereby helping capital market participants in the pricing of internationally diversified firmsâ€™ earnings.A€ l'aide de donnA©es portant sur des sociA©tA©s amA©ricaines exerA§ant leurs activitA©s A lâ€™A©tranger pour la pA©riode sâ€™A©chelonnant de 1990 A 2013, les auteurs montrent que i)Â la corrA©lation sA©rielle des erreurs prA©visionnelles des analystes augmente avec lâ€™A©tendue de la diversification internationale, ii) le mouvement postA©rieur A l'annonce des rA©sultats prenant appui sur les erreurs prA©visionnelles des analystes augmente avec lâ€™A©tendue de la diversification internationale et iii)Â l'incidence de la diversification internationale sur la corrA©lation sA©rielle des erreurs prA©visionnelles des analystes et le mouvement qui y est associA© a diminuA© sensiblement aprA¨s l'adoption du SFASÂ 131 sur la publication d'informations sectorielles. Les auteurs rA©pA¨tent leurs tests en utilisant lâ€™A©cart des rA©sultats par action du trimestre par rapport A ceux du trimestre correspondant de l'exercice prA©cA©dent sans observer de profils similaires. Dans l'ensemble, les rA©sultats obtenus par les auteurs paraissent indiquer que la rA©action timide des investisseurs A l'annonce des rA©sultats est une explication probable du mouvement postA©rieur A l'annonce des rA©sultats. Les constatations des auteurs indiquent A©galement que les informations qu'exige le SFASÂ 131 sont utiles aux analystes dans la formulation efficiente d'attentes de rA©sultat et donc dans l'aide qu'ils peuvent apporter aux intervenants sur les marchA©s financiers cherchant A A©tablir la valeur des rA©sultats des sociA©tA©s diversifiA©es A lâ€™A©chelle internationale.
Chymase: a potential culprit in diabetic nephropathy?

In this issue of JASN , Huang et al. ([1][1]) report an immunohistochemical study in patients with diabetic nephropathy. While only faint expression of chymase was seen in mesangial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of normal human kidneys, marked expression of chymase by mesangial cells
RADIATIVE MODELS OF SGR A* FROM GRMHD SIMULATIONS

Using flow models based on axisymmetric general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations, we construct radiative models for Sgr A*. Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) that include the effects of thermal synchrotron emission and absorption, and Compton scattering, are calculated using a Monte Carlo technique. Images are calculated using a ray-tracing scheme. All models are scaled so that the 230 GHz flux density is 3.4 Jy. The key model parameters are the dimensionless black hole spin a*, the inclination i, and the ion-to-electron temperature ratio Ti/Te. We find that (1) models with Ti/Te = 1 are inconsistent with the observed submillimeter spectral slope; (2) the X-ray flux is a strongly increasing function of a*; (3) the X-ray flux is a strongly increasing function of i; (4) 230 GHz image size is a complicated function of i, a*, and Ti/Te, but the Ti/Te = 10 models are generally large and at most marginally consistent with the 230 GHz very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data; (5) for models with Ti/Te = 10 and i = 85° the event horizon is cloaked behind a synchrotron photosphere at 230 GHz and will not be seen by VLBI, but these models overproduce near-infrared and X-ray flux; (6) in all models whose SEDs are consistent with observations, the event horizon is uncloaked at 230 GHz; (7) the models that are most consistent with the observations have a* ∼ 0.9. We finish with a discussion of the limitations of our model and prospects for future improvements.
Convergent Cartesian Grid Methods for Maxwell's Equations in Complex Geometries

A convergent second-order Cartesian grid finite difference scheme for the solution of Maxwell's equations is presented. The scheme employs a staggered grid in space and represents the physical location of the material and metallic boundaries correctly, hence eliminating problems caused by staircasing, and, contrary to the popular Yee scheme, enforces the correct jump-conditions on the field components across material interfaces. A detailed analysis of the accuracy of the new embedding scheme is presented, confirming its second-order global accuracy. Furthermore, the scheme is proven to be a bounded error scheme and thus convergent. Conditions for fully discrete stability is furthermore established. This enables the derivation of bounds for fully discrete stability with CFL-restrictions being almost identical to those of the much simpler Yee scheme. The analysis exposes that the effects of staircasing as well as a lack of properly enforced jump-conditions on the field components have significant consequences for the global accuracy. It is, among other things, shown that for cases in which a field component is discontinuous along a grid line, as happens at general two- and three-dimensional material interfaces, the Yee scheme may exhibit local divergence and loss of global convergence, To validate the analysis several one- and two-dimensional test cases are presented, showing an improvement of typically 1 to 2 orders of accuracy at little or no additional computational cost over the Yee scheme, which in most cases exhibits First order accuracy. (C) 2001 Academic Press.
Emotions and Information Diffusion in Social Media—Sentiment of Microblogs and Sharing Behavior

As a new communication paradigm, social media has promoted information dissemination in social networks. Previous research has identified several content-related features as well as user and network characteristics that may drive information diffusion. However, little research has focused on the relationship between emotions and information diffusion in a social media setting. In this paper, we examine whether sentiment occurring in social media content is associated with a user's information sharing behavior. We carry out our research in the context of political communication on Twitter. Based on two data sets of more than 165,000 tweets in total, we find that emotionally charged Twitter messages tend to be retweeted more often and more quickly compared to neutral ones. As a practical implication, companies should pay more attention to the analysis of sentiment related to their brands and products in social media communication as well as in designing advertising content that triggers emotions.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CONDOM USE AMONG NIGERIAN UNDERGRADUATES: A MIXED METHOD STUDY.

OBJECTIVE This study's objective was to explore and assess the factors influencing condom use among Nigerian undergraduates within the age group 16-34 years. SETTING The University of Lagos, a federal University in the commercial capital of Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN Both qualitative (focus group discussions) and quantitative (cross-sectional survey) methods were utilised for this study. SUBJECTS A total of 101 subjects were recruited with age range 18 to 34 years as against 100 years, with a mean age of 21 years. Data collection was conducted in July and August 2011 at the University of Lagos. SUBJECTS A total of 820 students from University of Lagos in four faculties participated in the cross-sectional survey, and we organised four focus group discussions with six students each. RESULTS Students were of the perception that various socio-economic and environmental factors influenced condom use during sexual intercourse. Factors identified as having great influence on condom use include: "adequate sex education" and "unplanned/ unanticipated sexual intercourse". Conversely, the influence of alcohol/social drugs on condom use was ranked low. CONCLUSION The study showed that students had the perception that various factors influenced condom use but these perceptions varied between young men and women. It may therefore be rewarding to have customised messages based on specific needs when reaching out to different groups stratified based on gender.
Defining the minimum size of a hydrophobic cluster in two‐stranded α‐helical coiled‐coils: Effects on protein stability

The α‐helical coiled‐coil motif is characterized by a heptad repeat pattern (abcdefg)n in which residues a and d form the hydrophobic core. Long coiled‐coils (e.g., tropomyosin, 284 residues per polypeptide chain) typically do not have a continuous hydrophobic core of stabilizing residues, but rather one that consists of alternating clusters of stabilizing and destabilizing residues. We have arbitrarily defined a cluster as a minimum of three consecutive stabilizing or destabilizing residues in the hydrophobic core. We report here on a series of two‐stranded, disulfide‐bridged parallel α‐helical coiled‐coils that contain a central cassette of three consecutive hydrophobic core positions (d, a, and d) with a destabilizing cluster of three consecutive Ala residues in the hydrophobic core on each side of the cassette. The effect of adding one to three stabilizing hydrophobes in these positions (Leu or Ile; denoted as •) was investigated. Alanine residues (denoted as ○) are used to represent destabilizing residues. The peptide with three Ala residues in the d a d cassette positions (○○○) was among the least stable coiled‐coil (Tm = 39.3°C and Urea1/2 = 1.9 M). Surprisingly, the addition of one stabilizing hydrophobe (Leu) to the cassette or two stabilizing hydrophobes (Leu), still interspersed by an Ala in the cassette (•○•), also did not lead to any gain in stability. However, peptides with two adjacent hydrophobes in the cassette (••○)(○••) did show a gain in stability of 0.9 kcal/mole over the peptide with two interspersed hydrophobes (•○•). Because the latter three peptides have the same inherent hydrophobicity, the juxtaposition of stabilizing hydrophobes leads to a synergistic effect, and thus a clustering effect. The addition of a third stabilizing hydrophobe to the cassette (•••) resulted in a further synergistic gain in stability of 1.7 kcal/mole (Tm = 54.1°C and Urea1/2 = 3.3M). Therefore, the role of hydrophobicity in the hydrophobic core of coiled‐coils is extremely context dependent and clustering is an important aspect of protein folding and stability.
CCN Prediction error from application of Köhler Theory : Importance for the Aerosol Indirect Effect

In-situ observations of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and the GISS GCM Model II’ with an online aerosol simulation and explicit aerosol-cloud interactions are used to quantify the uncertainty in radiative forcing and autoconversion rate from application of Köhler theory. Simulations suggest that application of Köhler theory introduces a 10-20% uncertainty in global average indirect forcing, and 2-11% uncertainty in autoconversion. Regionally, the uncertainty in indirect forcing ranges between 10-20%, and 5-50% for autoconversion. These results are insensitive to the range of updraft velocity and water vapor uptake coefficient considered. This study suggests that Köhler theory (as implemented in climate models) is not a significant source of uncertainty for aerosol indirect forcing, but can be substantial for assessments of aerosol effects on the hydrological cycle in climatically sensitive regions of the globe. This implies that improvements in the representation of GCM subgrid processes and aerosol size distribution will mostly benefit indirect forcing assessments. Predictions of autoconversion, by nature, will be subject to considerable uncertainty; its reduction may require explicit representation of size-resolved aerosol composition and mixing state.
A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs.

BACKGROUND In depressed patients, low blood levels of eicosapentaenoic acid are seen. We tested the antidepressive effect of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in these patients. METHODS We included 70 patients with persistant depression despite ongoing treatment with an adequate dose of a standard antidepressant. Patients were randomized on a double-blind basis to placebo or ethyl-eicosapentaenoate at dosages of 1, 2, or 4 g/d for 12 weeks in addition to unchanged background medication. Patients underwent assessment using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS Forty-six (88%) of 52 patients receiving ethyl-eicosapentaenoate and 14 (78%) of 18 patients receiving placebo completed the 12-week study with no serious adverse events. The 1-g/d group showed a significantly better outcome than the placebo group on all 3 rating scales. In the intention-to-treat group, 5 (29%) of 17 patients receiving placebo and 9 (53%) of 17 patients receiving 1 g/d of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate achieved a 50% reduction on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score. In the per-protocol group, the corresponding figures were 3 (25%) of 12 patients for placebo and 9 (69%) of 13 patients for the 1-g/d group. The 2-g/d group showed little evidence of efficacy, whereas the 4-g/d group showed nonsignificant trends toward improvement. All of the individual items on all 3 rating scales improved with the 1-g/d dosage of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate vs placebo, with strong beneficial effects on items rating depression, anxiety, sleep, lassitude, libido, and suicidality. CONCLUSION Treatment with ethyl-eicosapentaenoate at a dosage of 1 g/d was effective in treating depression in patients who remained depressed despite adequate standard therapy.
FUNDAL HAEMORRHAGES IN RUPTURED INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS

Among 195 patients with intracranial aneurysms, 79 had fundal haemorrhages (FH), an incidence of 40.5% (99% confidence limits 31–50). FH occurred alone in 26.7% and were associated with papilloedema in 13.8% of the cases. The total incidence was found to be higher than the frequencies found by similar studies, and the reasons are discussed. Among the 79 patients, 33 had mild retinal haemorrhages (grade I), in 25 the haemorrhage was more severe (grade II), and 21 had preretinal or vitreous haemorrhages (grade III). Aneurysms on the anterior communicating artery, with the tendency, upon rupture, to large haemorrhages, were responsible for the greater, part of FH as well as for the most severe cases (grade III), indicating a positive correlation between the amount of bleeding which suddenly occurs in the subarachnoid space and the incidence and severity of FH. No correlation could be demonstrated between the shape and site of FH and the aneurysmal site, or between the laterality of FH and the hemispheric site of the aneurysm.
Wigner function for a driven anharmonic oscillator

We consider the quantum model of a driven anharmonic oscillator, in the presence of dissipation, and present an exact analytic solution for the corresponding Wigner function in the steady-state regime. This provides explicit phase-space images of the resulting state of the cavity mode, and allows us to understand how the quantum interference is built up into it. The photon number probability distribution is calculated and analysed as well. We monitor the transition from the semiclassical to extreme quantum regime of operation, and identify qualitative changes, where the conventional characteristics of the model, such as bistability or turning points, become meaningless.