Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenolic Compounds from Diluted Acid Hydrolysates of Olive Stones: Effect of Overliming

Annually, important quantities of olive residue are produced and may be the source of ecological damages. Like agricultural residues, which are abundant, renewable, low cost raw materials, olive stones are mainly subjected to biotechnological or chemical modifications in order to be transformed into valuable products (biofuels, biofertilizers, animal feed and chemical feed-stock). In aim to valorize olive stones, we are trying to identify the presence of different phenolic compounds in their dilute-acid hydrolysate (DAH). Phenolic compounds (PC) are considered as toxic material for fermentation process, therefore, their behavior are studied under overliming treatment with distinct pH levels (10 and 12), temperature (25 and 60°C) and detoxification time (15,30 and 60 min). Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds were performed by two chromatographic methods: Gas Chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A liquid-liquid microextraction procedure is used in conjunction with silylation prior to the analysis of the compounds by GC-MS. Derivatives of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, simple phenols, and aldehydes were identified. For all treatments combinations, pH 12 was more effective in reducing the total amount of phenolic compounds. Treatment of the hydrolysate with alkali at pH 12, 60°C and 60 min resulted in up to 29% decrease in the concentration of total phenolic compounds. Tyrosol, which was the main phenolic compound decreased by 73% under the same treatment. Chromatographic methods contributed to an accurate quantification and better understanding of the behavior of each PC, solely.
A Real-Time Regional Forecasting System Established for the South China Sea and Its Performance in the Track Forecasts of Tropical Cyclones during 2011-13

AbstractA real-time regional forecasting system for the South China Sea (SCS), called the Experimental Platform of Marine Environment Forecasting (EPMEF), is introduced in this paper. EPMEF consists of a regional atmosphere model, a regional ocean model, and a wave model, and performs a real-time run four times a day. Output from the Global Forecast System (GFS) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is used as the initial and boundary conditions of two nested domains of the atmosphere model, which can exert a constraint on the development of small- and mesoscale atmospheric perturbations through dynamical downscaling. The forecasted winds at 10-m height from the atmosphere model are used to drive the ocean and wave models. As an initial evaluation, a census on the track predictions of 44 tropical cyclones (TCs) during 2011–13 indicates that the performance of EPMEF is very encouraging and comparable to those of other official agencies worldwide. In particular, EPMEF successfully pr.
Numerical analysis of nonlinear elliptic-parabolic equations

This paper deals with the numerical approximation of mild solutions of elliptic-parabolic equations, relying on the existence results of Benilan and Wittbold (1996). We introduce a new and simple algorithm based on Halpern's iteration for nonexpansive operators (Bauschke, 1996; Halpern, 1967; Lions, 1977), which is shown to be convergent in the degenerate case, and compare it with existing schemes (Jager and Kacur, 1995; Kacur, 1999).
Myopic Loss Aversion and the Equity Premium Puzzle

The equity premium puzzle, first documented by Mehra and Prescott, refers to the empirical fact that stocks have greatly outperformed bonds over the last century. As Mehra and Prescott point out, it appears difficult to explain the magnitude of the equity premium within the usual economics paradigm because the level of risk aversion necessary to justify such a large premium is implausibly large. We offer a new explanation based on Kahneman and Tversky's 'prospect theory'. The explanation has two components. First, investors are assumed to be 'loss averse' meaning they are distinctly more sensitive to losses than to gains. Second, investors are assumed to evaluate their portfolios frequently, even if they have long-term investment goals such as saving for retirement or managing a pension plan. We dub this combination 'myopic loss aversion'. Using simulations we find that the size of the equity premium is consistent with the previously estimated parameters of prospect theory if investors evaluate their portfolios annually. That is, investors appear to choose portfolios as if they were operating with a time horizon of about one year. The same approach is then used to study the size effect. Preliminary results suggest that myopic loss aversion may also have some explanatory power for this anomaly.
Maternal Compliance Practices during Childhood Pneumonia in Imo State, Nigeria

Pneumonia is a serious acute respiratory infection which, if not prevented, could cause serious illness among children. It can be prevented and treated effectively if mothers could comply with treatment regimen, follow-up and referral practices. Compliance practices are in most cases influenced by factors such as level of education, parity and occupation of mothers. This study aimed at identifying the mothers’ compliance practices during childhood pneumonia in Imo State. A cross-sectional survey design was used in order to achieve the objectives of the study. A sample of 2400 mothers of child bearing age (15-49 years) randomly drawn from 26 out of 27 local government areas in Imo State participated in the study. The instrument used to collect data was a structured questionnaire which had a reliability coefficient of 0.86. Results of the study showed that level of education, parity and occupation influenced mothers’ compliance practices during childhood pneumonia. Among the recommendations include that doctors, nurses and health educators should teach mothers the importance of adequate compliance practices during childhood pneumonia to avoid drug resistance and death. Keywords: Maternal, compliance, practices, childhood pneumonia, Imo State
Blood-gas and electrolyte values for Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva)

The aim was to provide reference data for blood gas/acid-base status and electrolytes for non-anesthetized Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Thirty-five adult parrots from Tiete ecologic park were utilized. Arterial blood (0.3ml) samples were anaerobically collected from the superficial ulnar artery in heparinized (sodium heparin) 1-ml plastic syringes. The samples were immediately analyzed through a portable analyzer (i-STAT*, Abbot, Illinois, USA) with cartridges (EG7+). These data were grouped in such a way as to present both mean and standard deviation: body weight (360±37g), respiratory rate (82±33 b/m), temperature (41.8±0.6°C), hydrogen potential (7.452±0.048), carbon dioxide partial pressure (22.1±4.0mmHg), oxygen partial pressure (98.1±7.6mmHg), base excess (-7.9±3.1), plasma concentration of bicarbonate ions (14.8±2.8mmol/L), oxygen saturation (96.2±1.1%), plasma concentration of sodium (147.4±2.2mmol/L), plasma concentration of potassium (3.5±0.53mmol/L), plasma concentration of calcium (0.8±0.28mmol/L), hematocrit (38.7±6.2%) and concentration of hemoglobin (13.2±2.1g/dl). This study led us to conclude that, although the results obtained showed hypocapnia and low values of bicarbonate and base excess, when compared to other avian species, these data are very similar. Besides, in spite of the equipment being approved only for human beings, it was considered simple and very useful in the analysis of avian blood samples. By using this equipment we were able to provide references data for non-anaesthetized Amazon parrots.
Strong Fubini properties of ideals

Let I and J be σ-ideals on Polish spaces X and Y , respectively. We say that the pair 〈I, J〉 has the Strong Fubini Property (SFP) if for every set D ⊆ X×Y with measurable sections, if all its sections Dx = {y : 〈x, y〉 ∈ D} are in J , then the sections D = {x : 〈x, y〉 ∈ D} are in I for every y outside a set from J (“measurable” means being a member of the σ-algebra of Borel sets modulo sets from the respective σ-ideal). We study the question of which pairs of σ-ideals have the Strong Fubini Property. Since CH excludes this phenomenon completely, sufficient conditions for SFP are always independent of ZFC. We show, in particular, that: • if there exists a Lusin set of cardinality the continuum and every set of reals of cardinality the continuum contains a one-to-one Borel image of a non-meager set, then 〈MGR(X), J〉 has SFP for every J generated by a hereditary Π1 (in the Effros Borel structure) family of closed subsets of Y (MGR(X) is the σ-ideal of all meager subsets of X), • if there exists a Sierpinski set of cardinality the continuum and every set of reals of cardinality the continuum contains a one-to-one Borel image of a set of positive outer Lebesgue measure, then 〈NULLμ, J〉 has SFP if either J = NULLν or J is generated by any of the following families of closed subsets of Y (NULLμ is the σ-ideal of all subsets of X having outer measure zero with respect to a Borel σ-finite continuous measure μ on X): (i) all compact sets, (ii) all closed sets in NULLν for a Borel σ-finite continuous measure ν on Y , (iii) all closed subsets of a Π1 set A ⊆ Y . 1. Preliminaries. This paper, though self-contained, may be viewed as a continuation of [16], where the question which pairs of σ-ideals have 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 04A15, 28A05; Secondary 03E05.
Comparing patterns in abundance and diversity of hole-nesting birds in mediterranean habitats

SUMMARY. — Hole-nesting birds include species highly dependent on old trees or dead wood for nesting, roosting, breeding and feeding. In this study we characterize the assemblages of these species occurring in five different habitat types located in a heterogeneous Mediterranean landscape. We used the point count method. In all habitat types, tits (Parus major and Cyanistes caeruleus) were the most abundant species, except in beech forests, where Sitta europaea shows the highest mean abundance. Hole nesting bird assemblages increase in abundance, richness and diversity, with significant changes from termophilic and sclerophyllous forests (Holm-oak and Cork-oak) to temperate and mesophilic forests (chestnut, Turkey oak and Beech). This pattern reflects the progressive change in vegetation type both due to structure and species composition, ultimately due to progressive change in altitude and local climate. In particular, data at singles species level corroborate that the presence of mature and dead trees (i.e., with high mean diameter) may explain the abundance of Sitta europaea, Picus viridis and Certhia brachydactyla. Our dataset highlight that, for the hole-nesting birds, mesophilous beech and oak Mediterranean forests of biogeographic and conservation concern, represent suitable habitat types for these specialized species.
Openness and growth in emerging Asian economies: Evidence from GMM estimations of a dynamic panel

With the progress of globalization, the openness-output nexus has drawn more attention than ever before. Results in this aspect, however, are inconclusive. Based on the average growth rate for the last two decades, we select 12 top performed Asian countries: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Working with these 12 emerging Asian economies over the 1971 to 2009 period, we find a positive and significant impact of openness on economic growth. The system GMM technique is used to overcome the shortcomings of endogeneity as found in most previous studies. While growth in labor force has insignificant effect on output growth, growth in capital stock exhibits a positive and significant impact on output growth. These findings have policy implications for other emerging economies of the world.
Wave Propagation in Rectangular Nanoplates Based on Strain Gradient Elasticity Theory and Considering in-Plane Magnetic Field

Abstract: Through strain gradient elasticity theory, this paper has studies wave propagation in rectangular nanoplates by considering in-plane magnetic field. The strain gradient theory has two gradient parameters and has the ability to be compared with the nonlocal elasticity theory. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this theory has been used for the first time in order to investigate the wave propagation in nanoplates. Moreover, It is the first time that magnetic field has been considered in modeling the wave propagation in rectangular nanoplates. An analytical method is adopted to achieve a closed-form solution for the governing equation. To verify the present methodology, the results are compared with others' findings. It is obtained that with the increase in static gradient parameter, the frequencies have been increased. Furthermore, it is shown that the phase velocities increase for the increase of magnetic field.
Boarding Schools as Perpetrators of Students’ Behaviour Problems

Abstract This paper examined and discussed the nature of problems boarding schools in Botswana experience. The focus was on the boys’ side of boarding. The paper argued that if the recreational facilities in boarding schools were not provided in sufficient quantities, students would seek other means which are not necessarily approved by school rules to keep themselves from boredom. Equally contributing to students’ behaviour problem in boarding institutions is the multicultural composition of boarding students and the general poor calibre of boarding staff that have a duty of care to the students under their stewardship. The poor conditions at boarding schools and lack of close supervision, the paper concludes, encourage students to misbehave.
A model for promoting a versatile but yet minor crop : Soybean in the farming systems of Kenya

Crop promotion is critical for market creation and rural growth in Africa. How to achieve this for crops, other than major staples (e.g., maize) and traditional export crops (e.g., tea), remains a problem since most African countries tend to focus policy attention to major staples and traditional export crops. Using a three-tier-approach, developed based on successful soybean promotion strategies in Nigeria and Zimbabwe, this study assesses the effect of market development at household-level, communitylevel, and linking farmers’ groups to industrial processors on sustainable soybean promotion in Kenya. Results show an increase in farmers’ confidence to produce, process, and consume more soybeans than before. Trained farmers’ groups are also developing new soybean products for cash income, a process that has proved to be very profitable. Net returns have been increased from four to 14 times for some products. Selected farmers’ groups are supplying large-scale processors with soybean grains, substituting some imports.
Fish assemblages of an Australian dryland river: abundance, assemblage structure and recruitment patterns in the Warrego River, Murray-Darling Basin

Fish in dryland rivers must cope with extreme variability in hydrology, temperature and other environmental factors that ultimately have a major influence on their patterns of distribution and abundance at the landscape scale. Given that fish persist in these systems under conditions of high environmental variability, dryland rivers represent ideal systems to investigate the processes contributing to and sustaining fish biodiversity and recruitment in variable environments. Hence, spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure was examined in 15 waterholes of the Warrego River between October 2001 and May 2003. Fish assemblages in isolated waterholes were differentiated at the end of the dry 2001 winter but were relatively similar following high summer flows in January 2002 as a consequence of high hydrological connectivity among waterholes. Small, shallow waterholes supported more species and higher abundances than large-deep waterholes. Large, deep waterholes provided important refuge for large-bodied fish species such as adult yellowbelly, Macquaria ambigua, and the eel-tailed catfish, Tandanus tandanus. Recruitment patterns of bony bream (Nematalosa erebi), Hyrtl's tandan (Neosilurus hyrtlii) and yellowbelly were associated with high flow events and backwater inundation; however recruitment of yellowbelly and bony bream was also evident following a zero-flow period. Departures from typical flood-induced seasonal spawning patterns may reflect opportunistic spawning behaviours appropriate to the erratic patterns of flooding and dry spells in dryland rivers.
Associations of oral L-carnitine with hemoglobin, lipid profile, and albumin in hemodialysis patients

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Nephrology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2 Resident, Department of Otolaryngology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center And Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 3 Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan , Iran. 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Nephrology, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran. 6 Resident of Internal Medicine, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center And Student Research committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Sky model blends for predicting internal illuminance: a comparison founded on the BRE-IDMP dataset

The BRE-IDMP validation dataset contains simultaneous measurements of sky luminance patterns and internal illuminances in two full-size office spaces. This benchmark dataset has been applied previously to test the illuminance predictions from a lighting simulation program under real sky conditions. Sky luminance patterns were mapped into the lighting simulation so that the absolute accuracy of the program could be evaluated without the uncertainties that are introduced when sky models are used. For this follow-on study, the BRE-IDMP dataset is now used to quantify the divergence between the sky model generated luminance patterns and the actually occurring conditions based on the resulting internal daylight illuminances. The internal illuminances were predicted using three ‘narrow-range’ models (CIE overcast, CIE clear and intermediate) and the Perez All-Weather model. Predictions from the narrow-range models were used to investigate formulations for sky model blends. The illuminance effect of arbitrary sky model blends is reproduced in a post-process of the illuminance predictions from the ‘narrow-range’ sky model types. The determination of an optimum sky model blend is described. The findings show that relatively simple blends of just two pure sky models (e.g. CIE overcast and intermediate) may be adequate for the prediction of time-varying illuminances founded on climatic test reference year data.
Genetic Diversity Among Ethiopian Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Collections Available In Indian Gene Bank Using Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers

Abstract The South-Western highlands of Ethiopia are considered to be the centre of origin and diversity of the arabica coffee, Coffea arabica. More than 80 accessions of arabica coffee collected from Ethiopia are available in Indian gene bank. However, the genetic diversity of these accessions is not studied in detail. In the present study, genetic diversity analysis of 48 accessions collected from eight provinces of Ethiopia was carried out using Sequence-related amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) marker. Among the thirty two SRAP primer combinations tested, 14 primer pairs were polymorphic and generated 203 distinct fragments. The number of fragments ranged from 7 to 21 with a mean of 14.5 fragments per primer combination. Of the total 203 amplified fragments, 182 (89.65%) were polymorphic and the percent of polymorphism ranged from 53.84% to a maximum of 100% using different primers. The average resolving power (Rp) and average polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 14 SRAP primer combinations was 14.31 and 0.648 respectively. A total of 13 rare alleles were obtained from SRAP assays, of which six rare alleles were obtained from the accessions collected from Shoa province. The UPGMA clustering algorithm from SRAP analysis grouped the 48 coffee accessions into two major clusters. The accessions collected from particular province clustered together which could be attributed to the substantial gene flow between adjacent population and the influence of geographical origin on genetic diversity. The study demonstrated the existence of substantial genetic variation in Ethiopian germplasm which could be utilized in coffee germplasm conservation and improvement program.
Effect of different concentrations of protein on the digestive system of juvenile silver catfish

Aspects of digestion in juvenile silver catfish Rhamdia quelen fed with four levels of protein (20, 27, 34 and 41%) were studied. The studied traits were digestive enzymes (nonspecific proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase) and weight gain. The experiment lasted 60 days; 160 juvenile catfish with initial body weight of 32 grams were transferred to the experimental system of 500L tanks with re-circulated and thermostatized water. The average weight of silver catfish increased with dietary protein and 41% of crude protein (CP) was accepted as the best one. Gastric protease activity increases with the CP level. The intestinal alkaline protease reached the peak at 27% CP and the highest activities were observed in the anterior section of the gut (AS). The trypsin peak was observed at 34% CP in the AS and medium section of the gut (MS). Amylase and lipase activities were inverse to the dietary CP and the highest values were observed in AS. In conclusion, the digestive enzymes of catfishes are responsive to the dietary protein level. The dietary CP required for highest weight gain of juvenile silver catfish is 41%.
Local Magnitude Discrepancies for Near‐Event Receivers: Implications for the U.K. Traffic‐Light Scheme

Local seismic magnitudes provide a practical and efficient scale for the implementation of regulation designed to manage the risk of induced seismicity, such as Traffic‐Light Schemes (TLS). We demonstrate that significant magnitude discrepancies (up to a unit higher) occur between seismic events recorded on nearby stations (<5 km) compared with those at greater distances. This is due to the influence of sedimentary layers, which are generally lower in velocity and more attenuating than the underlying crystalline basement rocks, and requires a change in the attenuation term of the M L scale. This has a significant impact on the United Kingdom’s (U.K.) hydraulic fracturing TLS, whose red light is set at M L 0.5. Because the nominal detectability of the U.K. network is M L 2, this scheme will require the deployment of monitoring stations in close proximity to well sites. Using data collected from mining events near New Ollerton, Nottinghamshire, we illustrate the effects that proximity has on travel path velocities and attenuation, then perform a damped least‐squares inversion to determine appropriate constants within the M L scale. We show that the attenuation term needs to increase from 0.00183 to 0.0514 and demonstrate that this higher value is representative of a ray path within a slower more attenuating sedimentary layer compared with the continental crust. We therefore recommend that the magnitude scale M L=log( A )+1.17log( r )+0.0514 r −3.0 should be used when local monitoring networks are within 5 km of the event epicenters.