Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pseudopotential study of binding properties of solids within generalized gradient approximations: The role of core-valence exchange-correlation.

In ab initio pseudopotential calculations within density-functional theory, the nonlinear exchange-correlation interaction between valence and core electrons is often treated linearly through the pseudopotential. We discuss the accuracy and limitations of this approximation regarding a comparison of the local-density approximation ~LDA! and generalized gradient approximations ~GGA’s ! , which we find to describe core-valence exchangecorrelation markedly different. ~1! Evaluating the binding properties of a number of typical solids, we demonstrate that the pseudopotential approach and the linearization of core-valence exchange correlation are both accurate and limited in the same way in the GGA as in the LDA. ~2! Examining the practice to carry out GGA calculations using pseudopotentials derived within the LDA, we show that the ensuing results differ significantly from those obtained using pseudopotentials derived within the GGA. As principal source of these differences we identify the distinct behavior of core-valence exchange correlation in the LDA and GGA which, accordingly, contributes substantially to the GGA-induced changes of calculated binding properties. @S0163-1829~98! 07204-X#
Collaboration and Author Order: Changing Patterns in IS Research

In this article we examine changes in the patterns of collaboration among information systems researchers since 1987, in terms of number of authors and order of authorship. The proportion of multiple authored papers, particularly among articles published in more prestigious journals, increased significantly. One possible explanation may be in increased research complexity, as evidenced by much longer papers. At the same time, among prestigious journals, the alphabetical model for ordering authorship all but disappeared. The article calls for consideration of a standard for authorship order in IS research.
Understanding the Adoption of Multipurpose Information Appliances: The Case of Mobile Data Services

We have come to a stage when information technology (IT) innovations have permeated every walk of life. Many new technologies can be used for many different purposes and in different contexts other than the workplace. The current study attempts to understand individual adoption of IT innovations that are used beyond work settings. We define a new class of IT innovations called multipurpose information appliances, which are personal, universally accessible, and multipurpose. The ubiquitous nature of these appliances has led to a constant permeability between the separate contexts of social life. An adoption model that reflects the unique characteristics and usage contexts of multipurpose information appliances was developed. The model consists of five sets of adoption factors and was tested using data collected on mobile data services adoption. Our findings show that the determinants of multipurpose information appliance adoption decisions are not only different from those in the workplace, but are also dependent on the nature of the target technology and its usage context. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
A climatology of frozen‐in anticyclones in the spring arctic stratosphere over the period 1960–2011

During springtime, following the stratospheric final warming, intrusions from low latitudes can become trapped at polar latitudes in long‐lived anticyclones. Such “frozen‐in” anticyclones (FrIACs) have occasionally been observed to persist as late as August, advected by summer easterlies.
Prediction of cloud attenuation on earth-space optical links

Optical transmission is becoming an attractive solution to the ever increasing demand for high data rates in ground-to-space communications. The link budget for such a system must take into account the propagation losses produced by the troposphere. Clouds represent one of the most limiting factors for laser beams. In this paper we outline a procedure to predict cloud attenuation on ground-to-space optical links in statistical terms using a radiosoundings database. A preliminary estimate of the expected system performance in a mid-latitude site is provided as well.
The Loss of TET2 Promotes CD8+ T Cell Memory Differentiation

T cell differentiation requires appropriate regulation of DNA methylation. In this article, we demonstrate that the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation (TET)2 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation. In a murine model of acute viral infection, TET2 loss promotes early acquisition of a memory CD8+ T cell fate in a cell-intrinsic manner without disrupting Ag-driven cell expansion or effector function. Upon secondary recall, TET2-deficient memory CD8+ T cells demonstrate superior pathogen control. Genome-wide methylation analysis identified a number of differentially methylated regions in TET2-deficient versus wild-type CD8+ T cells. These differentially methylated regions did not occur at the loci of differentially expressed memory markers; rather, several hypermethylated regions were identified in known transcriptional regulators of CD8+ T cell memory fate. Together, these data demonstrate that TET2 is an important regulator of CD8+ T cell fate decisions.
White matter damage in Alzheimer's disease assessed in vivo using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging

Objective: To investigate the extent and the nature of white matter tissue damage of patients with Alzheimer's disease using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI). Background: Although Alzheimer's disease pathology mainly affects cortical grey matter, previous pathological and MRI studies showed that also the brain white matter of patients is damaged. However, the nature of Alzheimer's disease associated white matter damage is still unclear. Methods: Conventional and DT-MRI scans were obtained from16 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 10 sex and age matched healthy volunteers. The mean diffusivity (D̅), fractional anisotropy (FA), and inter-voxel coherence (C) of several white matter regions were measured. Results: D̅ was higher and FA lower in the corpus callosum, as well as in the white matter of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes from patients with Alzheimer's disease than in the corresponding regions from healthy controls. D̅ and FA of the white matter of the occipital lobe and internal capsule were not different between patients and controls. C values were also not different between patients and controls for any of the regions studied. Strong correlations were found between the mini mental state examination score and the average overall white matter D̅ (r=0.92, p<0.001) and FA (r=0.78; p<0.001). Conclusions: White matter changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease are likely to be secondary to wallerian degeneration of fibre tracts due to neuronal loss in cortical associative areas.
Identification and characterization of a Golgi retention signal in feline coronavirus accessory protein 7b

Feline coronaviruses encode five accessory proteins with largely elusive functions. Here, one of these proteins, called 7b (206 residues), was investigated using a reverse genetic approach established for feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79–1146. Recombinant FIPVs (rFPIVs) expressing mutant and/or FLAG-tagged forms of 7b were generated and used to investigate the expression, processing, glycosylation, localization and trafficking of the 7b protein in rFIPV-infected cells, focusing on a previously predicted ER retention signal, KTEL, at the C-terminus of 7b. The study revealed that 7b is N-terminally processed by a cellular signalase. The cleavage site, 17-Ala|Thr-18, was unambiguously identified by N-terminal sequence analysis of a 7b processing product purified from rFIPV-infected cells. Based on this information, rFIPVs expressing FLAG-tagged 7b proteins were generated and the effects of substitutions in the C-terminal 202KTEL206 sequence were investigated. The data show that (i) 7b localizes to and is retained in the medial- and/or trans-Golgi compartment, (ii) the C-terminal KTEL sequence acts as a Golgi [rather than an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)] retention signal, (iii) minor changes in the KTEL motif (such as KTE, KTEV, or the addition of a C-terminal tag) abolish Golgi retention, resulting in relocalization and secretion of 7b, and (iv) a KTEL-to-KDEL replacement causes retention of 7b in the ER of rFIPV-infected feline cells. Taken together, this study provides interesting new insights into an efficient Golgi retention signal that controls the cellular localization and trafficking of the FIPV 7b protein in virus-infected feline cells.
Harmonic functions on R-covered foliations

Let (M;F) be a compact codimension one foliated manifold whose leaves are endowed with Riemannian metrics and consider continuous functions on M that are harmonic along the leaves ofF. If every such function is constant on leaves we say that (M;F) has the Liouville property. Our main result is that codimension-one foliated bundles over compact negatively curved manifolds satisfy the Liouville property. A related result for R-covered foliations is also established.
Detection of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme-A racemase transcripts in blood and urine samples of prostate cancer patients.

BACKGROUND Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme-A racemase (AMACR) has been shown to be a highly specific marker for prostate cancer cells, even in the earliest stages of malignant progression. It is expressed at much higher levels than prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in malignant tissues, and is not expressed at appreciable levels in normal prostatic epithelium. In this study, we demonstrate the quantitative detection of AMACR transcripts in peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients using real-time RT-PCR. In addition, we have undertaken a pilot study to demonstrate the potential application of this technique for the detection of prostate tumor cells in urine samples from patients with prostate cancer. METHODS A real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for detection of the expression of AMACR in prostate cancer patients. Blood samples from 163 patients were tested at various stages of disease progression, with or without therapy. Blood specimens from patients with benign prostate disorders and other types of cancer were also evaluated. RESULTS In 28 of 58 samples from patients with known metastatic disease who were undergoing treatment, an AMACR expression signal above the cut-off value was detected, consistent with the presence of circulating tumor cells. In 39 of 88 patients with presumptive organ-confined disease, there was evidence of low levels of circulating tumor cells. Comparison of AMACR RT-PCR with known serum PSA values indicated that a combination of these parameters significantly increased the sensitivity for detection of progressive disease. In a pilot study analyzing urine samples from seven prostate cancer patients, elevated AMACR expression levels were detected in the urine sediments of four of six stage-T1 prostate cancer patients and in the one patient with stage-T2 prostate cancer. CONCLUSION The data presented in this study indicates that AMACR real-time RT-PCR may aid in the detection and staging of prostate cancer.
Weak Humoral Posttransplant Alloresponse after a Well–HLA-Matched Cadaveric Kidney Transplantation

Background: Screening of donor-specific antibodies or alloantibodies after kidney transplantation has not been performed routinely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral antidonor and alloresponse of immunologically low-risk recipients of cadaveric renal allografts during the first posttransplant year. Methods: Alloresponse against the donor was analyzed by means of T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM and B cell IgG flow cytometric crossmatch (FCXM) tests with sera from days 0, 21, 90, and 365 posttransplant. In addition, panel reactive anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II antibodies (PRA I and PRA II) were analyzed using flow cytometric methods. The recipients were treated either with a low initial cyclosporine regimen with single-bolus antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or basiliximab induction or conventional cyclosporine triple therapy. Results: No significant posttransplant anti-HLA class I or class II sensitization was found in the recipients as a whole. Recipients receiving a single-bolus ATG showed significantly higher proportion of PRA I positivity in the day 21 sample compared with the other groups. Flow cytometric donor-specific T- and B-cell IgG alloresponses remained low, but the proportion of T-cell IgM crossmatch-positive recipients increased during the study. Positive T-cell IgM FCXM was found to be associated with acute rejection episodes and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Conclusions: In immunologically low-risk kidney-graft recipients, positive T-cell IgM FCXM at transplantation was found to be a risk factor for rejection episodes. Conversion of T-cell IgM FCXM to positive was found to be associated with CMV infections.
Participation in Team Sports Can Eliminate the Effect of Social Loafing

The effect known as Ringelmann effect states that as group size increases, individual behavior may be less productive. If this decrease in productivity in groups is attributed to a decrement in individual motivation, it is called social loafing. We tested hypotheses that the collectivism associated with participation in team sports would reduce the level of social loafing compared to people who were not involved in team sports. In one experiment, participants (n = 72; M age = 21.7 years, SD = 2.0) had to pull a rope individually and collectively. Groups of two, three, four, and six persons were formed from among individuals with no previous sports experience, and of those who had engaged in individual and team sports. For each team, the sum of individual achievements of the individuals constituting a team was computed. This sum served as the anticipated result (expected value). The expected values were later compared to the actual achievements, i.e., the value achieved by the whole team. The results of the study suggested that previous experience in collective (team) sports eliminated the effect of social loafing.
The effect of the thyroid gland on intestinal absorption of hexoses

Gellhorn & Northup (1933) found that thyroxine increased the rate of absorption of glucose by the perfused intestine of the frog, and thus drew attention to the possible role of the endocrine glands in intestinal absorption. Althausen & Weaver (1937) found decreased galactose tolerance in the human subject in hyperthyroidism, and attributed this to increased absorption of galactose, and Althausen & Stockholm (1938) found that the thyroid exerted a stimulating effect on glucose absorption by rat intestine. Althausen (1949) has summarized these and other results and concluded that thyroxine increases intestinal absorption of glucose. The careful studies of Moseley & Chornock (1947) failed to confirm the stimulating effect ofthe thyroid on galactose absorption in the human subject. Furthermore, Pfleger, Rummel & Jacobi (1958), using in vitro techniques, could find no effect of thyroxine on the absorption of glucose in the guinea-pig, and Ponz (1945) found that thyroxine decreased glucose and galactose absorption in vivo. Experiments were therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of thyroxine on intestinal absorption of sugars in vitro.
What’s Changed about New Media? Introduction to the Fifth Anniversary Issue of New Media & Society

The inaugural issue of new media & society, which was published in spring 1999, launched the journal with a special section of short articles under the title: ‘What’s New About New Media? ’ The contributors provided wide-ranging and sometimes divergent answers to the question. However, a common theme among the articles was uncertainty, a sense that it was still early days for ‘new media’, particularly the internet. Until new media technologies became more broadly available and stable, many authors were reluctant to make any general claims about their development or consequences. Five years ago, although the internet had long been established, the world wide web was still relatively new. Web browsers had begun to change the ways in which internet users could interact or seek information online. The dot.com boom and the ‘new economy’, fuelled by visions of ubiquitous ecommerce and new forms of work, leisure, and wealth, was well underway in developed nations. Economic and cultural globalization seemed an inescapable outcome of the growth of networked telecommunications, computing, and traditional media. Concerns about the digital divide were just beginning to be heard, and the ‘millennium bug’ seemed to be the most serious technological or security threat looming on the horizon. Over a year ago, the editors of new media & society agreed that the fifth anniversary issue would be an ideal opportunity to reflect on progress in new media research, scholarship, and creative work since the journal began. new media & society
Polyol Pathway Activity and Myo-Inositol Metabolism: A Suggested Relationship in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy

Two major metabolic perturbations, increased polyol (sorbitol) pathway activity and reduced tissue myo-inositol content, are induced in peripheral nerve by hyperglycemie. Although they are commonly invoked as alternative biochemical pathogenetic mechanisms for diabetic neuropathy, their possible interrelationship has never been adequately explored. Therefore, we studied the effect of polyol pathway blockade with sorbinil, a specific inhibitor of aldose reductase, on nerve myo-inositol content in acutely streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Sorbinil administration completely prevented the fall in nerve myo-inositol, thereby implicating increased polyol pathway activity as a likely factor in the fall in nerve myo-inositol content in experimental diabetes.
Brassinosteroids control the proliferation of leaf cells of Arabidopsis thaliana.

The growth of leaves in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. , is determined by the extent of expansion of individual cells and by cell proliferation. Mutants of A. thaliana with known defects in the biosynthesis or perception of brassinosteroids develop small leaves. When the leaves of brassinosteroid-related mutants, det2 (de-etiolated2 = cro1) and dwf1 (dwarf1 = cro2) were compared to wild-type plants, an earlier cessation of leaf expansion was observed; a detailed anatomical analysis further revealed that the mutants had fewer cells per leaf blade. Treatment of the det2 mutants with the brassinosteroid, brassinolide, reversed the mutation and restored the potential for growth to that of the wild type. Restoration of leaf size could not be explained solely on the basis of an increase in individual cell volume, thus suggesting that brassinosteroids play a dual role in regulating cell expansion and proliferation.
OPTN/SRTR 2016 Annual Data Report: Deceased Organ Donation

SRTR uses data collected by OPTN to calculate metrics such as donation rate, organ yield, and rate of organs recovered for transplant but not transplanted. In 2016, 1,072,717 death and imminent death referrals were made to organ procurement organizations, of which 23,433 met the definition of eligible (10,717) or imminent (12,716) deaths per OPTN policy. There were 9971 deceased donors, and this number has been increasing since 2010. The number of organs authorized for recovery has also continued to increase since 2010. In 2016, 4859 organs were discarded, including 3631 kidneys, 317 pancreata, 739 livers, 8 intestines, 31 hearts, and 211 lungs. These numbers suggest a need to reduce the number of organs discarded.
Abdominal Imaging / Imagerie abdominale A Comparative Study of Four Oral Contrast Agents for Small Bowel Distension With Computed Tomography Enterography

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a variety of oral contrast agents in obtaining small bowel distention for computed tomography (CT) enterography examinations. Methods: A retrospective study was developed to quantitatively assess small bowel luminal distension during CT enterography by using 4 contrast agents, which included water, Metamucil, polyethylene glycol, and lactulose. A total of 256 patients were enrolled in the study and included 64 individuals for each oral regimen. The widest loop of small bowel in each of 4 quadrants on representative coronal images was separately measured for luminal distension. Overall distension and the greatest number of ‘‘useful’’ quadrants were evaluated. Overall distension was calculated by summing the 4 quadrant values into an overall luminal diameter distention score (cm). A ‘‘useful’’ quadrant was defined as having a measurement of � 2 cm. Each ‘‘useful’’ quadrant was assigned a score of 1, with values that ranged from 0-4. Results: For overall distension, multivariable liner regression analysis showed that the lactulose group had a significantly higher overall distension value than Metamucil, polyethylene glycol, and water by 0.88, 0.92, and 1.63 cm, respectively, with 95% confidence interval. The categorical multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the lactulose group had greater odds of having more ‘‘useful’’ quadrants than the Metamucil, polyethylene glycol, and water groups, with odds ratios of 3.51, 2.68, and 9.19, respectively. Conclusion: Lactulose achieves better small bowel distension for CT enterography studies than the other 3 agents and, therefore, is the preferred oral regimen at our institution.
CONDITIONAL MOMENT CLOSURE MODELING OF TURBULENT SPRAY COMBUSTION IN A DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

Combustion of turbulent sprays in a direct injection diesel engine is modeled by the conditional moment closure (CMC) model. The CMC routines are combined with the KIVA code to provide conditional flame structures to determine mean state variables, instead of mean reaction rates. An independent transport equation is solved for each flame group with equal mass of sequentially evaporating fuel vapor. CMC calculation begins as the fuel mass for each flame group begins to evaporate with corresponding initialization conditions. Comparison is made with measured pressure traces for four operating conditions at different rpm’s and injection conditions. Results show that the CMC model with multiple flame histories can successfully be applied to ignition and mixing-controlled combustion phases of a diesel engine.
Vertical Enhancement-Mode InAs Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor With 50-nm Wrap Gate

We present results on fabrication and dc characterization of vertical InAs nanowire wrap-gate field-effect transistor arrays with a gate length of 50 nm. The wrap gate is defined by evaporation of 50-nm Cr onto a 10-nm-thick HfO2 gate dielectric, where the gate is also separated from the source contact with a 100-nm SiOx, spacer layer. For a drain voltage of 0.5 V, we observe a normalized transconductance of 0.5 S/mm, a subthreshold slope around 90 mV/dec, and a threshold voltage just above 0 V. The highest observed normalized on current is 0.2 A/mm, with an off current of 0.2 mA/mm. These devices show a considerable improvement compared to previously reported vertical InAs devices with SiNx, gate dielectrics.