Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions collectives dans les instabilités de combustion haute fréquence : application aux moteurs fusées à ergols liquides

L'objectif de ce travail est d'ameliorer la comprehension des mecanismes conduisant a l'apparition d'instabilites de combustion haute frequence dans les moteurs fusees a ergols liquides. Ce type d'instabilite met en jeu un couplage entre phenomenes de combustion et modes acoustiques transverses du foyer. L'approche retenue est fondee sur des etudes complementaires comportant une experimentation detaillee dans une configuration representative et des simulations numeriques orientees vers la comprehension des mecanismes. L'ensemble de ces travaux montre que les interactions collectives entre les differentes flammes issues du plan d'injection induisent une structure spatio-temporelle des fluctuations de degagement de chaleur avec une alternance entre les parties superieure et inferieure du foyer susceptible de se coupler avec un mode tangentiel de la chambre. Ceci peut conduire a l'apparition d'une instabilite de combustion.
Low quality of dying and death in patients with septic shock as perceived by nurses and resident physicians

ABSTRACT Septic shock is a disease with both high prevalence and mortality. Few studies have evaluated the quality of dying and death (QODD) in patients with septic shock. The authors compared the QODD of patients who died of septic shock versus other causes. They prospectively collected QODD surveys from nurses and residents caring for 196 patients who died in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) at an urban, university hospital. Patients were included in the analysis if either a nurse or resident returned a survey. Chart review established cause of death. The authors compared total QODD scores (on a scale of 0–100) and a single-item score (QODD-1; on a scale of 0–10) of patients who died of septic shock versus other causes. Survey response rates were 59% (n = 155) for residents and 49% (n = 129) for nurses. Nurses rated patients as having lower total QODD and QODD-1 scores for septic (Δ 7.5 points, p = 0.03, and 0.9 points, p = 0.05, respectively). Residents rated septic patients with lower QODD-1 scores than nonseptic patients (Δ 0.8 points, p = 0.03). This study shows that nurses rate patients with septic shock as having lower QODD than patients dying of other causes. These findings are important for clinicians who counsel families of patients dying of septic shock.
Striatal NPY‐Containing Neurons Receive GABAergic Afferents and may also Contain GABA: An Electron Microscopic Study in the Rat

Dual labelling methods were applied to localize simultaneously neuropeptide Y (NPY) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) immunoreactivities on ultrathin sections of the rat caudate‐putamen (CP). By means of a double peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase technique, using 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine and benzidine dihydrochloride as chromogens in animals with no colchicine pretreatment, GAD immunoreactivity was found to be present in terminals only whereas NPY immunoreactivity was detected in neurons displaying the features of aspiny type cells and processes. With this approach, we observed numerous synaptic associations of the symmetrical type between GAD‐immunoreactive (‐Ir) axonal boutons and NPY‐Ir cell bodies and dendrites. By combining immunoperoxidase and radioimmunocytochemical labelling in animals pretreated with colchicine, NPY was again detected in a single population of aspiny type neurons whereas GAD immunoreactivity was observed in neurons which could be classified as aspiny and spiny on the basis of their ultrastructural characteristics. All the cells of the aspiny type displaying clear‐cut NPY immunoreactivity were also found to be GAD‐positive. Some other neurons of both the aspiny and the spiny type were found to be immunoreactive to GAD alone. GAD/NPY dually labelled terminals were also observed and some axo‐axonic appositions between GAD‐ and NPY‐Ir terminals were also detected. All in all, these data show that NPY aspiny type neurons of the rat CP receive GABAergic afferents and provide morphological support for two hypotheses: that NPY is co‐localized with GABA in some cell bodies, dendrites and axons, and that presynaptic interactions may occur between NPY and GABAergic neuronal systems.
The Habsburg Jaw—Re‐examined

“Habsburg Jaw” is a frequently used eponymous designation for patients with mandibular prognathism, hyperplasia, or overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate portraits of the Spanish Habsburgs to determine the relative contributions of maxillary deficiency and mandibular prognathism to overall facial appearance. Representative portraits of the Spanish Habsburgs were assessed by 4 investigators for the presence of 11 anatomic features of maxillary deficiency and 7 of mandibular prognathism. Each characteristic was given a binary score of 1 if present and 0 if absent. Thus, the maximum score would be 11 for maxillary deficiency and 7 for mandibular prognathism. A semi‐quantitative scale was established to determine the likelihood of each diagnosis: Maxillary deficiency: 0–4.99 (unlikely), 5–7.99 (likely), 8–11 (very likely); mandibular prognathism: 0–2.99 (unlikely), 3–5.99 (likely), 6–7 (very likely). Six of 7 Habsburg rulers were considered either likely or very likely to have maxillary deficiency, whereas 3/7 were assessed as likely and 4 unlikely to have mandibular prognathism. The results of this study suggest that the primary deformity of the “Habsburg Jaw” is maxillary deficiency rather than absolute mandibular prognathism. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Power of eWOM through Social Networking Sites

This paper disentangles the effects of both positive and negative electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) through Social Network Sites (SNSs) on customer loyalty, both attitudinal and behavioral loyalty, as well as its antecedents satisfaction and trust. A quantitative vignette study was used to collect data from 276 smartphone users, based on a mixed design allowing both within-subjects analyses (pre-and post-test) and between-subjects analyses (positive versus negative eWOM). The results suggest that both positive and negative eWOM have significant impact on customer loyalty and its antecedents satisfaction and trust. We found evidence for the negativity bias, suggesting that negative eWOM has a stronger effect than positive eWOM. Interestingly, the results suggest that negative eWOM has relatively more effect on behavioral loyalty, whereas positive eWOM has relatively more effect on attitudinal loyalty. Implications for managers and future research directions are discussed.
Could circulating progenitor cell count be a barometer for coronary artery disease progression?

he endothelium forms a continuous lining of blood vessels, which provide nutrients and oxygen in response to tissue requirements. As such, the endothelium is exposed to a variety of noxious stimuli that can cause dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction can induce inflammation, thrombosis, abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle, and narrowing or destruction of vessels. Repair and replacement of the injured endothelium are required to avoid these disasters, implying that endothelial function is a predictor of the risk of vascular diseases.1 Since the report on the presence of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the role of CPCs in repairing the denuded part of vessels has been studied in experimental and clinical models, including acute myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, and peripheral vascular disease.2,3
Corporate taxation and the location choice of foreign direct investment in EU countries

This paper examines the impact of corporate taxation and other factors on the attractiveness of EU countries to foreign direct investment. In comparison to previous analyses on the location choice of multinational activity in the EU, we use an improved empirical methodology to account for more flexible substitution patterns among alternative locations by considering groups of countries with similar characteristics as location options. In addition, we account for the heterogeneity of investors’ behaviour by considering intra-EU investments and investments from outside the EU. Furthermore, we identify and quantify similarities and differences with respect to the effects of corporate taxation and the effects of other factors on the location choice of foreign affiliates in manufacturing and services.
Market Cost Factors Affecting Marketing of Small Holder Coffee Producers in Rwanda

Coffee is the world’s most consumed drink next to water and second most traded commodity to oil. It is first GDP earner and employs over 65% in Rwanda. Coffee production is dependent on various factors. This study examined market cost factors affecting small scale coffee production in Nyaruguru district, Rwanda. The establishment under study was small-scale coffee farmers in Nyaruguru District. A multi stage sampling techniques were employed to select respondents. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire where as secondary data included review of reports and publications. The sample size was 194 respondents and data analysis comprised both qualitative and quantitative using econometric models and descriptive statistics. The key findings from the study revealed that the cost of transportation, distance to road, distance to coffee washing station and revenues from coffee production statistically affected market access of coffee producers at 5% significant level. As recommendations, Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Stakeholders and Cooperative societies involved in coffee value chain need to improve the variables that affected market access in the study area.
Measuring antibiotic prescribing in hospitalised children in resource‐poor countries: A systematic review

Antibiotic resistance represents a significant threat to global health. Widespread exposure to antibiotics drives the development of antibiotic resistance. Little is known about the exposure to antibiotics of hospitalised children, particularly in resource‐poor countries where the burden of infectious disease is highest. The review sought to identify original research quantifying antibiotic use in hospitalised children in resource countries. The methods used were: A systematic search of the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS and African Index Medicus databases. Eighteen papers were identified and the methodology varied considerably. Only seven used a recognised defined daily dose (DDD) methodology. The studies reveal a high exposure of hospitalised children to antibiotics. With the exception of data from China, the studies were limited by their design. Limited evidence of the variation in drug, dose and total exposure to antibiotic use in hospitalised children in resource‐poor countries exists. An international network of surveillance of both antimicrobial prescribing and resistance using a simple standardised methodology in this context remains an important goal. A simplified paediatric version of the adult DDD methodology is required to allow international comparison between populations.
Knowledge sharing and accumulation dynamics in autonomous online consumer communities: Individual and collective levels

Enabling the sharing of dormant consumer knowledge, autonomous online consumer communities constitute communities of consumption practice. Drawing from the knowledge management literature, this article investigates consumer knowledge activation and accumulation dynamics in online communities within the naturalistic setting of an online forum. The netnographic study identifies different patterns of knowledge activation, giving insights into the kind of consumer knowledge that emerges in autonomous online communities. Different characteristics of online communities such as potential presence of rare knowledge, breadth of views or additive value of similar views are leveraged, to produce different types of collective knowledge. The study contributes to the online communities literature by deconstructing the dynamics of knowledge sharing and accumulation in autonomous communities; these function as communities of consumption practice and contribute to consumer empowerment through building collective knowledge from individual activations. It contributes to the consumer knowledge literature a two-level, individual and collective, characterisation of knowledge activation and accumulation.
Differential roles of opioid receptors in respiration, respiratory disease, and opiate-induced respiratory depression.

In summary, these findings indicate the importance of designing future experiments that delineate between opioid and nonopioid forms of respiratory disease and dysfunction, and the need to identify means of diagnosing them in order to achieve successful recovery. Apparently there is great diversity between animal species in terms of contributions of endogenous opioids to tonic control of ventilation, and future work should strive to identify which species is most appropriate as a model of human ventilatory control and disease. Certain opioid receptor types appear to be linked to independent respiratory functions. For instance, mu receptors in the brain stem produce strong inhibitory actions on respiratory parameters, including RR, VT, VE, and CO2 sensitivity. These effects have been observed in vivo and by electrophysiologic recordings in vitro. Delta receptors may also exert some inhibitory effect on respiration, especially in the NTS. In the CNS, the ventral surfaces of the medulla and pons, especially the NTS and NA, seem to be important sites for opioid-induced inhibition of respiration, whereas the spinal cord probably is not involved in opioid-mediated ventilatory depression. Kappa receptors appear to be devoid of respiratory depressant activity, whereas sigma receptors may stimulate some ventilatory parameters. Morphine and similar pure mu agonists, such as fentanyl and oxymorphine, probably produce their analgesic and respiratory depressant effects through stimulation of mu receptors. Mixed agonists/antagonists that have mu antagonist (or partial agonist) activity plus kappa agonist and/or sigma agonist activity show a ceiling effect for respiratory depression. Future tests need to determine which opioid receptor may be responsible for the ceiling effect. In addition, the effects of mu, delta, kappa, and sigma selective agonists on hypoxic drive should also be determined, as a drug that stimulates hypoxic sensitivity in the face of hypercapnic depression may produce less overall respiratory depression due to counteractive effects. In the future, clinically optimal opiates should have more specificity of action than those available now. This may be achieved by creating drugs selective for single receptors or by creating drugs with desirable combinations of receptor selectivities. The combinations of mixed agonists/antagonists with pure mu agonists currently in use today are promising, as they provide analgesia with reduced respiratory depression. In the early days of opiate research and development, combination drug regimens were thoroughly tested to determine the "ideal ratios" that would retain analgesic properties but not the other undesirable effects such as respiratory depression (196). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Retrospective Comparison of Fluticasone Propionate and Oral Viscous Budesonide in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis

STUDY POPULATION. There were 2 subsets of patients, 1 exploratory and the other for validation of the predictive model. The exploratory subset included 144 pediatric patients fromNationwide Children’s Hospital seen between April and September 2015, with serum analysis for IgE antibodies to food, and an esophagogastroduodenoscopy with esophageal biopsy. The validation subset included 174 patients with esophagogastroduodenoscopy, with biopsy between January and June of 2009 and January and June of 2012.
Risk and predictive factors of hypoalbuminemia in cancer patients following extensive abdominal surgery despite total parenteral nutritional support

Postoperative hypoalbuminemia is associated with adverse outcomes, particularly in cancer patients. The risk and predictors of hypoalbuminemia in cancer patients following extensive abdominal surgery (EAS), despite total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support, were evaluated. A prospective cohort study (n = 115) was conducted in patients with gastrointestinal and/or urogenital malignancies following extensive (n = 81) or moderate (n = 34) abdominal surgery (mean age ± standard deviation: 66.0 ± 11.7 years). EAS patients received daily TPN, including 200 mL of 5% human albumin solution. Serum albumin (SA) levels and hypoalbuminemia (SA < 3.5 g/dL) were assessed daily. EAS patients had an elevated risk of hypoalbuminemia during the first postoperative week [relative risk (RR): 3.12; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.64–5.91]. Postoperative hypoalbuminemia was associated with surgery duration (RR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.32–2.36), preoperative SA (RR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11–0.55), blood (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.04–2.04) and Ringer's lactated solution (RR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.12–2.07) volumes transfused intra-operatively. Therefore, despite TPN, cancer patients who underwent EAS had an elevated risk of postoperative hypoalbuminemia. Additional tailored nutritional support among this group is necessary to deter adverse clinical outcomes.
Basophil activation by concanavalin A: characteristics of the reaction.

Concanavalin A (Con A) induced histamine release from the basophils or mast cells of several mammalian species including human, rabbit guinea pig, mouse, and rat. The mechanism was investigated in detail in humans. Wide variation in the response of the basophil of different individuals was found. The optimum release was produced with 1 to 3 µg/ml of Con A. The response is characterized by inhibition by excess amounts of Con A and has great similarity to antigen activation of basophils. The release of histamine by Con A requires Ca2+, is modulated by the level of cyclic AMP, is inhibited by chlorphenesin and diethylcarbamazine and enhanced by deuterium oxide. The activation of the basophil depends on the binding of Con A to pyranosyl sugar residues on the cell membrane.
Gendered Uncertainty and Variation in Physicians’ Decisions for Coronary Heart Disease

Nonmedical factors and diagnostic certainty contribute to variation in clinical decision making, but the process by which this occurs remains unclear. We examine how physicians’ interpretations of patient sex-gender affect diagnostic certainty and, in turn, decision making for coronary heart disease. Data are from a factorial experiment of 256 physicians who viewed 1 of 16 video vignettes with different patient-actors presenting the same symptoms of coronary heart disease. Physician participants completed a structured interview and provided a narrative about their decision-making processes. Quantitative analysis showed that diagnostic uncertainty reduces the likelihood that physicians will order tests and medications appropriate for an urgent cardiac condition in particular. Qualitative analysis revealed that a subset of physicians applied knowledge that women have “atypical symptoms” as a generalization, which engendered uncertainty for some. Findings are discussed in relation to social-psychological processes that underlie clinical decision making and the social framing of medical knowledge.
Sustained Expression of Thrombospondin-1 Is Associated with the Development of Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in the Remnant Kidney Model

Background/Aims: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been implicated in the development of progressive nephrosclerosis in the remnant kidney model of chronic renal insufficiency. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is an extracellular matrix protein which has been recently shown to be capable of converting TGF-β from its latent to its active form. We studied the expression of TSP-1 mRNA and protein during the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial nephrosclerosis in the renal ablation model particularly in relation to TGF-β1 expression. Methods: The remnant kidney model in the rat was investigated 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 7.5 weeks and 10 weeks after disease induction. Using single and double immunostaining techniques, renal tissues were examined for TSP-1 protein, TGF-β1, platelet-derived growth factor BB, extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens and fibronectin, myofibroblast formation and macrophage influx. TSP-1 mRNA expression was investigated using a radioactive in situ hybridization technique. Results: De novo expression of TSP-1 mRNA and protein occurred in all glomerular cell types as well as in tubular cells, myofibroblasts and some macrophages in areas of tubulointerstitial injury. TSP-1 expression preceded and was sustained during the development of tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis and was frequently localized at sites of increased expression of TGF-β1, but not of platelet-derived growth factor BB. Conclusion: In the remnant kidney model, the time course and localization of TSP-1 are consistent with its playing a role as a local activator of TGF-β1, thereby potentially participating in the development of nephrosclerosis.
Firm performance model in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) based on learning orientation and innovation

This study investigated the relationship between learning orientation, innovation, and firm performance. A conceptual model and hypothesis were empirically examined using structural equation modelling. The study involved a questionnaire-based survey of owners of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in Batu City, Indonesia. The results showed that both variables of learning orientation and innovation effect positively on firm performance. Additionally, learning orientation has positive effect innovation. This study has implication for SMEs aiming at increasing their firm performance based on learning orientation and innovation capability.
Price Transparency Against Market Power

We study under what conditions mandatory price disclosure is pro- or anticompetitive. Using a theoretical search model with collusion and imperfectly informed consumers and producers, we characterise the circumstances under which increasing price transparency benefits consumers. We show that the level of ex ante consumer and producer transparency, as well as the number of consumers adopting the mandatory price information, determine whether the policy is pro- or anticompetitive. To examine the theoretical predictions, we construct a unique data set to study the effect of mandatory price disclosure in the German petrol market. We find that the policy led to a decrease in retail margins by 13 percent. We also find that theoretical models with sequentially searching uninformed consumers are better at explaining the empirical evidence than other models in the literature. Our results inform policymakers by highlighting how the effect of mandatory price disclosure depends on market characteristics.