Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photosynthetic Characteristics of C3-C4 Intermediate Flaveria Species' REDUCTION OF PHOTORESPIRATION BY A LIMITED C4 PATHWAY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN

The initial products of photosynthesis by the C3 species Flaveria cronquistii, the C4 species F. trinervia, and the C3-C4 intermediate species F. ramosissima were determined using a pulse-chase technique with '4CO2-'2CO2. The intermediate species F. ramosissima incorporated at least 42% of the total soluble '4C fixed into malate and aspartate after 10 seconds of photosynthesis in '4C02, as compared with 90% for the C4 species F. trinervia and 5% for the C3 species F. cronquistii. In both F. ramosissima and F. trinervia, turnover of labeled malate and aspartate occurred during a chase period in 12CO2, although the rate of turnover was slower in the intermediate species. Relative to F. cronquistii, F. ramosissima showed a reduced incorporation of radioactivity into serine and glycine during the pulse period. These results indicate that a functional C4 pathway of photosynthesis is operating in F. ramosissima which can account for its reduced level of photorespiration, and that this species is a true biochemical intermediate between C3 and C4 plants.
ON-LINE TAP CHANGER DIAGNOSIS BASED ON ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUE

In this paper, a reliable acoustic measuring system for online condition monitoring of on-load tap changer is described. Vibration signals during the tap-change process are detected by a sound emission sensor coupled to an amplifier. The measured signature is analysed in order to determine the tap-change characteristic time. The sequence of tap-change process in the diverter switch is studied to understand the operation of the investigated tap changer. The studies were done in different tapping positions during off-load condition. The investigations took place during normal operation and under failure conditions of the tap changer, in order to verify the performance of the acoustic method.
Disseminated mediastinal carcinoma with chromosomal translocation (15;19). A distinctive clinicopathologic syndrome

Background. A case of disseminated mediastinal carcinoma probably of thymic origin is reported in a 5‐year‐old boy with an anterior mediastinal mass associated with superior vena cava obstruction, tracheal deviation, right malignant pleural effusion, and evidence of bone metastasis. The diagnosis was based on findings of radio‐logic localization, light and electron microscopic study, and immunohistochemistry. The patient received combination chemotherapy but died of progressive disease.
Electrophoretic karyotypes of Torulopsis glabrata

Chromosome-sized DNA molecules of clinical isolates of Torulopsis glabrata were resolved by a pulsed-field electrophoretic method, contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields. With the conditions established in this study, 8 to 12 bands (ranging from 445 to 3,000 kilobases) were observed. There were differences in the intensities and migrations of bands, consistent with T. glabrata being either haploid or diploid. A total of 22 distinctive electrophoretic patterns were noted among single isolates of T. glabrata recovered from 33 patients. When strains were delineated by an electrophoretic pattern, individuals usually harbored only one strain.
Serologic survey of antibodies to cytomegalovirus in women and infants in Lima, Peru.

NOTE. Serum samples were collected from the mothers and infants at the time of delivery, or in the case of the nonpregnant women, during a routine medical visit. The ages of the women ranged from 18 to 25 years. The IHA was performed as previously described [1]. Antigen for the ELISA was prepared in our laboratory from the nuclei of CMV-infected MRC-5 cells, attached to polyvinyl plates, and tested against known negative and positive serum samples using a standard indirect technique [2]. GMT = geometric mean titer. * Data are expressed as percentages of total no. of serum samples tested.
Detection of copy number variants in the horse genome and examination of their association with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.

We used the data from a recently performed genome-wide association study using the Illumina Equine SNP50 beadchip for the detection of copy number variants (CNVs) and examined their association with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN), an important equine upper airway disease compromising performance. A total of 2797 CNVs were detected for 477 horses, covering 229 kb and seven SNPs on average. Overlapping CNVs were merged to define 478 CNV regions (CNVRs). CNVRs, particularly deletions, were shown to be significantly depleted in genes. Fifty-two of the 67 common CNVRs (frequency ≥ 1%) were validated by association mapping, Mendelian inheritance, and/or Mendelian inconsistencies. None of the 67 common CNVRs were significantly associated with RLN when accounting for multiple testing. However, a duplication on chromosome 10 was detected in 10 cases (representing three breeds) and two unphenotyped parents but in none of the controls. The duplication was embedded in an 8-Mb haplotype shared across breeds.
Disordered Eating and Gender Identity Disorder: A Qualitative Study

The association between disordered eating and gender identity was examined in a sample of 20 (11 female-to-male, 9 male-to-female) transgender Finnish adults, aged 21–62 years. Using semi-structured interviews, participants' own understanding of the underlying causes of their disordered eating was analyzed, as well as the effect of gender reassignment on eating behaviors and cognitions. A majority of the participants reported current or past disordered eating. Participants most frequently described strive for thinness as an attempt to suppress features of one's biological gender, or accentuate features of one's desired gender. Gender reassignment was primarily perceived as alleviating symptoms of disordered eating.
Method for Deriving Functional Architectures from Use Cases

Functional architecture enables the description of systems independent of their technology. A method for obtaining functional architectures for systems (the FAS method) is introduced. It provides a well‐defined procedure for deriving functional architecture from use cases by using heuristics for grouping functions and allocating them to functional blocks. A specialty of the FAS method is the structural representation of functional architectures in block‐oriented form. An example system from the hearing instrument domain is used for demonstrating the method. The application of the FAS method together with the SysML modeling language is described, and modeling tool support is discussed. The authors report their experiences with the method from industrial projects, for example that analysts and architects could improve their communication by means of the FAS method. It is concluded that the method together with tool support facilitates the team process of creating model‐based functional architectures based on use cases.
A Novel Plant Homeodomain Protein Interacts in a Functionally Relevant Manner with a Virus Movement Protein1

Tomato bushy stunt virus and its cell-to-cell movement protein (MP; P22) provide valuable tools to study trafficking of macromolecules through plants. This study shows that wild-type P22 and selected movement-defective P22 amino acid substitution mutants were equivalent for biochemical features commonly associated with MPs (i.e. RNA binding, phosphorylation, and membrane partitioning). This generated the hypothesis that their movement defect was caused by improper interaction between the P22 mutants and one or more host factors. To test this, P22 was used as bait in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid screen with a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cDNA library, which identified a new plant homeodomain leucine-zipper protein that reproducibly interacted with P22 but not with various control proteins. These results were confirmed with an independent in vitro binding test. An mRNA for the host protein was detected in plants, and its accumulation was enhanced upon Tomato bushy stunt virusinfection of two plant species. The significance of this interaction was further demonstrated by the failure of the homeodomain protein to interact efficiently with two of the well-defined movement-deficient P22 mutants in yeast and in vitro. This is the first report, to our knowledge, that a new plant homeodomain leucine-zipper protein interacts specifically and in a functionally relevant manner with a plant virus MP.
Development of an experimental animal model for reactive arthritis induced by Yersinia enterocolitica infection

We attempted to induce experimental arthritis in rats by systematically testing the effect of Yersinia infections in five strains of rats, using the intragastric, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes of inoculation. We observed that Lewis rats which were given 10(4) to 10(5) Yersinia enterocolitica WA organisms via the intravenous route consistently developed arthritis. The arthritis was most severe at 3 weeks and subsided at 6 weeks. No arthritis was observed when this bacterial strain was administered to Buffalo, Fisher, DA, and LDA rats. No replicable bacteria were detected in the joints. This aseptic characteristic parallels that seen in the human condition and establishes this as an animal model of Yersinia-induced arthritis. The probable reason for arthritis development in only the Lewis rats became apparent when we analyzed the numbers of live bacteria in the spleens and livers of these infected animals. The arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats harbored 10-fold more bacteria than the arthritis-resistant rat strains, and this systemic infection also persisted for a significantly longer period. Speculations as to why human subjects who develop Yersinia-induced arthritis are genetically predisposed have been centered principally around the role of the HLA-B27 histocompatibility antigens. The present study reveals a heretofore unrecognized critical factor: the susceptibility of the hosts to the virulence of the infectious organisms. In addition, the present animal model will provide the necessary tool for the investigation of this and other important host and bacterial factors.
Attributing recovery from depression. Perceptions of people cared for in primary care.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to understand how people treated for depression in primary care perceived the care they received. The focus was specifically on ascertaining their perceptions of what had helped during their treatment, their understanding of the factors to which they attributed their recovery, and their reflections on their experience of depression. BACKGROUND Although knowledge of the factors that promote recovery from depression is growing, personal accounts of attributions of recovery are largely absent from the literature. Identifying and understanding people's accounts of their recovery is particularly important for practitioners involved in medication management and prescribing. METHOD A purposeful sample of 60 people who had accessed primary care and been prescribed medication because of depressive symptoms was interviewed using a semistructured approach. Interviews explored people's experiences of accessing and using primary care, their assessments of care offered, experiences of medication management and their attributions of recovery. RESULTS Recovery from depression was characterized by its multifactorial nature, and two-thirds of the participants felt that medication had contributed to their recovery. Factors in recovery changed with the passage of time and many perceived personal strengths as important to recovery. Practitioners who acknowledged and encouraged people's roles in recovery and supported multifaceted care were perceived by users as caring and offering holistic, individualized care. CONCLUSION People with depression are keen to regard their recovery as multifactorial and to have their own roles in recovery acknowledged. Preferences for a 'portfolio' of care, the components of which change as recovery progresses, were evident. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Practitioners involved in prescribing and medication management for depression must aim to explore patients' beliefs about appropriate treatments and recovery. Addressing these can potentially promote treatment concordance and enhance recovery from depression by establishing and sustaining therapeutic relationships.
The Mean Ventricular Fibrillation Cycle Length: A Potentially Useful Parameter for Programming Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

In programming the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), the ventricular tachycardia (VT) detection cycle length (CL) is based on the CL of the documented tachycardia but the ventricular fibrillation (VF) detection CL is set arbitrarily. Appropriate programming of VF detection may not only reduce the incidence of inappropriate ICD shocks for non‐VF rhythms but can also avoid the fatal underdetection of VF. The mean VFCL may provide a useful parameter for optimal ICD programming for VF detection if it is reproducible. This study examined the intrapatient reproducibility and interpatient variation of the mean VFCL in 30 ICD patients (25 men and 5 women, mean age 63 ± 13 years). A total of 210 VF episodes (7 ± 4 per patient, range 3–17) induced by T‐wave shocks (166) or AC (44) at the ICD implant (30 patients) and the predischarge test (12 of 30 patients) were analyzed. The mean VFCL was calculated from the stored V‐V intervals in the ICDs. Although the mean VFCL varied significantly from 171 ± 6 to 263 ± 11 ms (P < 0.01) among different patients, it was reproducible among different VF episodes in an individual patient (maximal variation 4–50 ms, P > 0.05). The mean VFCL was not significantly different between patients with and without antiarrhythmic drugs (210 ± 32 vs 210 ± 23 ms, P > 0.05) and was correlated with the ventricular effective refractory period (r = 0.5, P < 0.05). The mean VFCL varies greatly among different patients but remains reproducible in an individual patient, suggesting that the mean VFCL may serve as a reference for ICD programming of VF detection.
Fishing capacity and capacity utilization of purse seiners using data envelopment analysis

The existence of excessive fishing capacity is globally recognized by resource managers as a major problem for fisheries, and it is responsible for the degradation of fishery resources and for significant economic waste. Estimates of fishing capacity and capacity utilization may provide helpful tools in designing an effective capacity management plan for Mediterrane an fisheries. In this study, the fishing capacity and capacity utilization of eastern Mediterranean purse seiners were assessed using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Estimates were made for individual vessels based on the level of inputs used and outputs produced, relative to other vessels operating under similar conditions. Results indicated similar excess capacity for target species, which is in accordance with how the fishery operated. The 24–40-m fleet segment was found to be more efficient than the 12–24-m fleet segment in terms of landing weights. It was evidenced that purse seiners could have increased their catch during 2000–2005 by approximately 23% by increasing the variable inputs, for example days fished. Conversely, a fleet of smaller size could have achieved the reported catch. Under the condition that the remaining vessels will be fully utilized, a proportional decrease in the fleet size might seem a rational management measure towards reducing overexploitation and attaining sustainable fisheries in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Noisy human neighbours affect where urban monkeys live

Urban areas and many natural habitats are being dominated by a new selection pressure: anthropogenic noise. The ongoing expansion of urban areas, roads and airports throughout the world makes the noise almost omnipresent. Urbanization and the increase of noise levels form a major threat to living conditions in and around cities. Insight into the behavioural strategies of urban survivors may explain the sensitivity of other species to urban selection pressures. Here, we show that urban black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) living in noisy urban areas may select their home-range based primarily on ambient noise level. We have tested the hypothesis that the noise from vehicular traffic and visitors in an urban park in Brazil influences the use of home-range (space) by urban marmosets. Marmosets even avoided noisy areas with high food availability. In addition, they systematically preferred the quieter areas even with dynamic changes in the acoustic landscape of the park between weekdays and Sundays (no observations were made on Saturdays). These data provide evidence that the use of home-range by wild animals can be affected by a potential aversive stimulus such as noise pollution.
Perturbation of a Very Late Step of Regulated Exocytosis by a Secretory Carrier Membrane Protein (SCAMP2)-derived Peptide*

Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are conserved four transmembrane-spanning proteins associated with recycling vesicular carriers. In mast cells, as in other cell types, SCAMPs 1 and 2 are present in secretory granule membranes and other intracellular membranes. We now demonstrate a population of these SCAMPs in plasma membranes. Although small, this population partially colocalizes with SNARE proteins SNAP-23 and syntaxin 4. A fraction of SCAMPs 1 and 2 also coimmunoprecipitates with SNAP-23. An oligopeptide, E peptide, within the cytoplasmic segment linking the second and third transmembrane spans, particularly of SCAMP2, potently inhibits exocytosis in streptolysin O-permeabilized mast cells. The E peptide is unique to SCAMPs and highly conserved among SCAMP isoforms, and minor changes in its sequence abrogate inhibition. It blocks fusion beyond the putative docking step where granules contact the cell surface and each other during compound exocytosis. Blockade is also beyond Ca2+/ATP-dependent relocation of SNAP-23, which regulates compound exocytosis, and beyond ATP-dependent priming of fusion. Kinetic ordering of exocytotic inhibitors has shown that E peptide acts later than other perturbants at a stage closely associated with membrane fusion. These findings identify a new reagent for analyzing the final stage of exocytosis and point to the likely action of SCAMP2 in this process.
An HDG method for linear elasticity with strong symmetric stresses

This paper presents a new hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for linear elasticity on general polyhedral meshes, based on a strong symmetric stress formulation. The key feature of this new HDG method is the use of a special form of the numerical trace of the stresses, which makes the error analysis different from the projection-based error analyzes used for most other HDG methods. For arbitrary polyhedral elements, we approximate the stress by using polynomials of degree k>=1 and the displacement by using polynomials of degree k+1. In contrast, to approximate the numerical trace of the displacement on the faces, we use polynomials of degree k only. This allows for a very efficient implementation of the method, since the numerical trace of the displacement is the only globally-coupled unknown, but does not degrade the convergence properties of the method. Indeed, we prove optimal orders of convergence for both the stresses and displacements on the elements. In the almost incompressible case, we show the error of the stress is also optimal in the standard L2-norm. These optimal results are possible thanks to a special superconvergence property of the numerical traces of the displacement, and thanks to the use of a crucial elementwise Korn's inequality. Several numerical results are presented to support our theoretical findings in the end.
Modeling of contact mechanics with experimental results for soft fingers

A new theory in contact mechanics for modeling of soft fingers is proposed to define the relationship between normal force and area of contact for soft fingers by considering the soft finger materials as nonlinearly elastic. The results show that the radius of contact is proportional to the normal force raised to the power of /spl gamma/ which ranges from 0 to 1/3. This new theory subsumes the Hertzian contact model for linear elastic materials where /spl gamma/=/3. Experiments are conducted to validate the theory using artificial soft fingers made of various materials such as rubber and silicone. This theory provides basis for constructing friction limit surface numerically. Combining the results of the contact mechanics model with the contact friction model the normalized friction limit surface is derived for anthropomorphic soft fingers.
Structure and organization of odontoblasts

Differentiation of odontoblasts involves cell‐to‐cell recognition, contact stabilization involving the formation of attachment specializations, cytoplasmic polarization, development of the protein synthetic and secretory apparatus, and the active transport of mineral ions. The secretory odontoblast is characterized by an extensive rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, a highly developed Golgi complex, and the presence of specific secretion granules. Type I collagen, a major constituent of dentin matrix, appears to be secreted by the odontoblast into predentin at the proximal portion of the odontoblast process, the major cytoplasmic process extending from the odontoblast cell body into the dentin. The odontoblast process contains a rich network of microtubules and microfilaments. The proximal portion of the process is also a site of fluid‐phase endocytosis. Adjacent odontoblasts are held together by numerous macula adherens junctions and a well‐developed distal junctional complex adjacent to the predentin. Junctional strands of the occludens type have been observed to be a component of this junctional complex. Tracer studies employing horse‐radish peroxidase indicate that this junctional complex does not form a tight barrier to the diffusion of tissue fluid from the interodontoblast spaces into the predentin. Many well‐developed gap junctions are formed between adjacent odontoblasts and between odontoblasts and the fibroblasts that make up the subodontoblastic layer. Ca‐ATPase activity is demonstrated in the Golgi complex and mitochondrial cristae and along the distal plasma membranes of odontoblasts. ALPase activity is also intense along the entire odontoblast cell surface. The osmium tetroxide‐pyroantimonate technique for calcium localization demonstrates prominent reaction precipitates in mitochondria of odontoblasts. Energy‐dispersive x‐ray microanalysis of anhydrously fixed and processed odontoblasts detected Ca and P peaks throughout the cytoplasm. A sulfur peak is noted in the distal cytoplasm of odontoblasts and in matrix vesicles. Together, these results demonstrate the complexity and variety of cell functions involved in dentinogenesis. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HCTI at SemEval-2017 Task 1: Use convolutional neural network to evaluate Semantic Textual Similarity

This paper describes our convolutional neural network (CNN) system for Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) task. We calculated semantic similarity score between two sentences by comparing their semantic vectors. We generated semantic vector of every sentence by max pooling every dimension of their word vectors. There are mainly two trick points in our system. One is that we trained a CNN to transfer GloVe word vectors to a more proper form for STS task before pooling. Another is that we trained a fully-connected neural network (FCNN) to transfer difference of two semantic vectors to probability of every similarity score. We decided all hyper parameters empirically. In spite of the simplicity of our neural network system, we achieved a good accuracy and ranked 3rd in primary track of SemEval 2017.