Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The host haloes of O i absorbers in the reionization epoch

We use a radiation hydrodynamic simulation of the hydrogen reionization epoch to study OI absorbers at z � 6. The intergalactic medium (IGM) is reionized before it is enriched, hence OI absorption originates within dark matter halos. The predicted abundance of OI absorbers is in reasonable agreement with observations. At z = 10, � 70% of sightlines through atomically-cooled halos encounter a visible (NOI > 10 14 cm −2 ) column. Reionization ionizes and removes gas from halos less massive than 10 8.4 M⊙, but 20% of sightlines through more massive halos encounter visible columns even at z = 5. The mass scale of absorber host halos is 10-100× smaller than the halos of Lyman break galaxies and Lyman-� emitters, hence absorption probes the dominant ionizing sources more directly. OI absorbers have neutral hydrogen columns of 10 19 -10 21 cm −2 , suggesting a close resemblance between objects selected in OI and HI absorption. Finally, the absorption in the foreground of the z = 7.085 quasar ULASJ1120+0641 cannot originate in a dark matter halo because halo gas at the observed HI column density is enriched enough to violate the upper limits on the OI column. By contrast, gas at less than one third the cosmic mean density satisfies the constraints. Hence the foreground absorption likely originates in the IGM.
Business game and its relationship with creativity: a systematic literature review

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between the development of creative potential and business game. For this, we carried out a systematic bibliographical review of 157 articles hosted on the Scopus and Web of Science platforms and published between 1970 and 2016. The results present in the same scope the analysis of publications with different research approaches on the theme, connecting authors' studies which, until then, had not been interconnected; The use of business games as a positive return factor for the environment; The intrinsic relationship between creativity techniques and business games. We also found business games main objectives are the encouragement of collaboration skills development, the elaboration of strategic plans and the simulation of specific realities. Regarding the development of creative potential, the business games analyzed in the articles consider it as a secondary factor that manifests itself during the game.
The dilatation of Beurling-Ahlfors extensions of quasisymmetric functions

l. lntroduction. The standard construction for a quasiconformal extension of a real quasisymmetric function å is the one introduced by Beurling and Ahlfors [l]. They proved that a q-quasisymmettic h has a g2-quasiconformal extension to the upper half-plane H. A careful examination of Beurling's and Ahlfors's estimation shows that pz can be replaced by Q't' for g close to one and by 3pzl4 fot large a I4l. T. Reed [6] has given the bound 8g, which is better than the previous ones for large g. The bound 2q has been announced by wan-cai Lai [3], but the cor-
Cryptosporidiosis among Children with Diarrhea Admitted to Hospital Selayang and Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstrac Tthis study was conducted to verify the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among children in Selangor.Consenting children aged 12 years and below, admitted with diarrhea to Hospital Selayang andHospital Sungai Buloh, were included as subjects. Each stool sample was divided into five aliquotsand tested for cryptosporidiosis using direct wet mount, Sheather’s sugar flotation, formalin-ethersedimentation, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and direct monoclonal fluorescent antibody test.Of 130 stool samples, 6 (4.62%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. All children positive forcryptosporidiosis were aged < 4 years. Direct wet mount, formalin-ether sedimentation concentration,modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and direct monoclonal fluorescent antibody testing showed thesame number of positive samples (4.62%); Sheather’s sugar flotation detected one less positive sample(3.85%). Keywords : cryptosporidiosi; children; diarrhea; hospital; Malaysia
MHD stability analysis of small ELM regimes in JET

We have analysed the edge stability of JET discharges with small edge localized modes (ELMs) using the high resolution Thomson scattering system for accurate edge profiles in the equilibrium reconstruction. For the reference plasmas with large Type I ELMs we confirm the results from earlier analyses that the edge stability is limited by intermediate-n peeling–ballooning modes with a relatively large radial extent. The double null configuration needed to replace Type I ELMs by smaller Type II ELMs considerably increases the stability against these modes while the stability against n = ∞ ballooning modes is not affected. When this is combined with high collisionality (which is the other requirement for Type II ELMs), we find that the plasma cannot reach the Type I ELM triggering peeling–ballooning mode stability boundary before it is destabilized by high-n ballooning modes resulting in more benign ELMs. The ELM mitigation by magnetic perturbation causes the edge stability to be limited by pure peeling modes with a narrow radial extent. This explains the smaller ELM size and also why the ELMs are not fully suppressed. The transition from Type I ELMs to Type III ELMs by increasing the edge radiation fully stabilizes the edge plasma against ideal MHD modes. Therefore, the Type III ELMs are due to be triggered by some other mechanism than an ideal MHD instability.
Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Patients with HIV Infection at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global public health issue and a major problem in sub- Saharan Africa. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study designed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities in HIV positive patients using echocardiography. The study was carried out at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana. Treatment naive HIV positive patients aged between 16 and 82 years were recruited from the HIV clinic using simple random sampling. Disease history documentation, physical examination and trans-thoracic echocardiography were performed on all study participants. Two hundred (200) patients were studied. They were aged between 16 and 82 years with the mean age (± SD) of 40.6 (± 10.5) years. There were more females (74.5%; n=149) than males (25.5%; n=51). The overall prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities was 55.5% (n=111). The cardiovascular abnormalities seen were pulmonary hypertension (38.50%), dilated cardiomyopathy (34%), pericardial effusion (23.50%), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (17.50 %) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (9.50%). Moderate pericardial effusion was seen in 9.5% of the patients whilst minimal pericardial effusion was seen in 14%. No patient was seen with severe pericardial effusion. For the patients with pulmonary hypertension, the mean (± SD) right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was 51.5 (± 7.8) mmHg, (range; 40-70 mmHg). In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities among adult HIV positive patients attending the HIV clinic at KATH, Kumasi, Ghana. The main cardiovascular abnormalities were pulmonary hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion.
Skin Thickness in Relation to Milk Production of Crossbred Cows

The study was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm, Mymensingh to find out the skin thickness in different regions of body of dairy cows and the relationship of skin thickness to milk yield. Twenty five crossbred milking cows of indigenous and Sahiwal were selected for experiment. The skin thickness was measured by Vernier calipers. The skin thickness of the same animals is varies at different regions of the body. The average skin thickness of neck, dewlap, chest, abdomen and hindquarter were 3.33, 4.12, 2.93, 4.23 and 4.20 mm, respectively and the average skin thickness was 4.20±0.90 mm at the five different regions and the milk yield were negative and was significant (p<0.05). The results of the present study indicated that 29% of the variation in milk yield of cows depend on skin thickness and 71% depends on another factors. Form the study it was found that milk production of low skin thickness group was higher then that of medium and high skin thickness group. This may be a fact that low skin thickness cows did not deposited extra fat in their body and utilized most of her energy for milk production.
Panax Ginseng Regulates Brain Monoamines in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Brain Injury

Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impaired antioxidant mechanisms, increased peroxidation and impaired mitochondrial redox activity causing brain inflammation as well as neuronal damage and impairment of brain monoamines. Panax ginseng (P.ginseng) is a well-known herbal medicine; the main active constituent of ginseng is ginsenosides or ginseng saponins that have neuroprotective activity. The aim of our experiment was to study the role of Panax ginseng root in maintaining brain monoamines levels through the protection against LPS - induced oxidative stress in rat model. In this experiment, we used forty rats and divided them into: control, ginseng, lipopolysaccharide and ginseng treated groups. malondialdehyde (MDA) and paraoxonase activity (PON-1) were estimated colorimetrically. Comet assay technique was used to determine the percent of DNA damage in addition to brain monoamines assessment by HPLC. The data showed that lipopolysaccharide significantly increased brain MDA, DNA damage percent and brain monoamines concomitant with a reduction in serum PON-1. Contrarily, ginseng supplementation improved these values in treated group. P. ginseng is a very important supplement that protects against brain injury and its benefit effect may be attributed to its high amounts of ginsenosides that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects that augment impairment of brain monoamines
Dividend stability in a unique environment

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the stability of dividend policy using a unique data set. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on the Lintner model that is used to test the dividend smoothing behavior. The specific econometric method used for panel data is Tobit regression. Findings - The evidence shows that Omani firms adopt a policy of smoothing dividends. This stability of dividends does not support the predictions suggested by the high bank leverage, absence of taxes, and the variability of dividend payments in Oman. Research limitations/implications - This study highlights the need for further research in order to examine whether these results have any effect on dividend initiations and omissions in Oman. Practical implications - The findings of this study show that there are differences in dividend policies between the Omani companies and those in developed markets. Potential investors in the Omani market should be aware about these differences in making their investment decisions. Originality/value - This paper examines stability of dividend policy in a unique environment where firms distribute almost 100 percent of their profits in dividends, firms are highly levered mainly through bank loans, there are no taxes on dividends and capital gains, and there is variability in cash dividend payments. These factors suggest a diminished role of dividend stability in Oman. It is an empirical issue to examine whether this is indeed true. The authors are not aware of any other study on dividend stability using data with these unique factors.
Cost and profit efficiency of Islamic banks: international evidence using the stochastic frontier approach

The aim of this paper is to examine the cost and profit efficiency of Islamic banks in four regions of the world: Africa, the Far East and Central Asia, Europe and the Middle East during the period of 2003-2008. The study is based on a yearly and regional basis using a parametric frontier technique called stochastic frontier approach (SFA). The results suggest that cost and profit efficiencies have improved over the period and Islamic banks in these four regions are relatively better in controlling costs than generating profits. The results also suggest that Islamic banks in Europe are relatively more cost and profit efficient than the other group of banks. Banks in the Middle East region are significantly less efficient than Islamic banks in Africa but more efficient than banks in the Far East and Central Asia.
QUANTITATIVE 3D CHARACTERISATION OF THE PORE SPACE OF REAL ROCKS: IMPROVED µ-CT RESOLUTION AND PORE EXTRACTION METHODOLOGY

Pore network models are generally used to calculate and predict two phase transport properties of porous media from pore space structure information. The predictability of such models depends on the accuracy with which the network captures the complex geometric and topological properties of the pore space. High resolution Computed Micro Tomography (CMT) appears to be the ideal method to validate these models and improve their predictability in the case of complex geometry media. In this paper, we present a methodology combining high resolution CMT measurement, providing 2000 3 voxel images at micron resolution in less then 3h acquisition time, and a fast and efficient partitioning of the pore space enabling a complete and realistic description of the geometry and topology of the associate large subsets. Relevant parameters are then extracted for pore network simulations. The partitioned volume is directly used to simulate mercury injection which is confronted to experimental HPMI results. The equivalent extracted network is used to calculate absolute permeability using a Pore Network Model (PNM) code. The methodology is applied to a set of real porous media and shows a good agreement between experiments and simulation when the studied volume is representative.
Effect of Conservation Agriculture on Growth and Productivity of Maize ( Zea mays L.) in Terai Region of Nepal

In order to evaluate the performance of hybrid and open pollinated varieties of maize under various conservation agriculture based practices in terai, region of Nepal, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from February, 2012 to June, 2012. Altogether 16 treatments consisting of four maize varieties namely; DMH-849, Rajkumar, Manakamana-3 and Rampur Composite, and two levels of tillage, (i.e., conventional and no tillage) and two levels of residues management (i.e. with or without residue) were tested in 3 replication under split-split plot design. The data was analyzed using MSTATC statistical package. The results revealed that higher number of ears/ha was found in Manakamana-3 (54013) followed by Rajkumar hybrid (53550). The number of grains per ear was higher for residue left plot (406.04). Rajkumar hybrid produced the highest grain and stover yields of 7182 and 9996 kg/ha followed by 6295.0 and 9825.62 kg/ha in Manakamana-3. Variation on leaf area index (LAI) was due to no tillage was found significant in 45 DAS. Where as, the effect of residues on LAI was found significant at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS. Genotypic effect on LAI was found significant only at 30 DAS, where Manakamana-3 had the highest LAI (0.066) followed by DMH849 (0.056) and Rampur Composite (0.055). The variation due to tillage, residue and variety was evident for plant height in all the time series. The effect of residue on dry matter at 45 DAS was highly significant, where higher amount of dry matter was recorded in residue removed plots than the residue left plots. However, the hybrids DMH-849 had more grain to stover ratio (0.75) followed by Rajkumar (0.74) as compare to Rampur Composite (0.69). The plot having residues took longer duration for silking compared to the plot having no residue. Among the genotypes, DMH-849 showed earlier in tasseling (76 days) and maturity (118 days) followed by Rampur Composite. Economic analysis depicted the highest net return in Rajkumar hybrid (Rs. 105617/ha) under no tilled with residue used condition followed by without residue condition (Rs. 92267/ha). Manakamana-3 produced the higher net return (Rs. 85349/ha) under no tillage with no residue used condition followed by conventional tillage with no residue (Rs.70766/ha). The high benefit cost ratio was found of 2.432 in plots having no tillage with residue followed by no tilled with no residue 2.382. Manakamana-3 had the highest benefit cost ratio of 2.351 in no residue plots followed by no tilled with no residue plots (2.072). Significant reduction of production cost due to conservation agriculture (CA) based practices over conventional agriculture was recorded. Therefore, the CA based crop management practices need to be further promoted in wider areas.
A Review of Energy Efficiency Initiatives in Post-Secondary Educational Institutes

In this paper, a review of the steps taken by some of the higher educational institutes around the world to increase their energy efficiency is presented. The paper also provided an overview of the state-of-the-art in managing energy consumption in computers. With the growing number of computers being employed in higher educational institutes, this paper discuses and present an example on how power management in computer labs and IT centres can help educational institutes improve their energy efficiency and carbon footprint.
Assessment of some water quality characteristics and determination of some heavy metals in Lake Manzala, Egypt

he concentrations of some heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) in water of the largest Delta wetlands (Lake Manzala; north of Egypt), in relation to some water quality characteristics were investigated. Samples were collected from ten stations covering the whole lake area through twelve successive cruises that commenced in January 2004 and ended in December 2004. The obtained results declared that, the agricultural and domestic sewage drained into the lake from urban and rural lands have an adverse effects of water quality characteristics of the lake. Nowadays, there are huge amount of treated sewage from Bahr El-Baqr drain discharged into the lake, but the water quality still undergoes a severe deterioration. The most studied parameters; especially nutrient salts and heavy metals varied in wide range, increased in the southern region and decreased towards north eastern part of the lake. Contrarily, salinity, chloride, sulphate and major cations decreased in the south and increased in north eastern part. Heavy metals discharged into the lake create a serious environmental problems, where the levels of iron, manganese, lead and cadmium are exceeded the universal guidelines for water quality established by Environmental Protection Agency.
Deep ocean currents detected with satellite altimetry

Overflows of dense and cold bottom water through Denmark Strait and the Faroe Bank Channel are associated with enhanced meso-scale current variability associated with eddies. These fluctuations can be detected through enhanced sea surface height variability in TOPEX/Poseidon and European Remote Sensing ERS-1/2 satellite altimeter data. The increased variability coincides with the overflow plumes and has a maximum about 50 km downstream of the Faroe Bank Channel. In Denmark Strait, enhanced variability extends 150 km downstream from the sill, with a width of 50‐100 km. There is good agreement between the variability seen by the different satellites. The satellite-observed variability is also in good agreement with in situ observations of temperature and salinity and output from three-dimensional models of the overflow. Sea surface height data show seasonal variability that may be associated with annual variations of the overflow strength.
The Evolution of Geographic Structure in New Industries

We review the evolution of the market and geographic structure of the automobile, television receiver, and tyre industries in order to gain insights into the primary forces governing the agglomeration of industries. Spinoffs, which are firms founded by employees of incumbent producers, played a prominent role in the agglomerations that emerged around Detroit, MI and Akron, OH in the automobile and tyre industries respectively. The television receiver industry became less agglomerated over time, and this is connected with the domination of the industry by diversifiers from the radio industry. The patterns in all three industries are shown to be compatible with a theory of organisational birth and heredity proposed in Klepper (2003). JEL Classification: L65, R12, R30.
Understanding shallow landslides in Campos do Jordão municipality – Brazil: disentangling the anthropic effects from natural causes in the disaster of 2000

Located in a mountainous area of south-eastern Brazil, the municipality of Campos do Jordao has been hit by several landslides in recent history. Among those events, the landslides of early 2000 were significant in terms of the number of deaths (10), the population affected and the destruction of infrastructure that was caused. The purpose of this study is to assess the relative contribution of natural and human factors to triggering the landslides of the 2000 event. To achieve this goal, a detailed geotechnical survey was conducted in three representative slopes of the area to obtain geotechnical parameters needed for slope stability analysis. Then, a set of numerical experiments with GEO-SLOPE software was designed, including separate natural and anthropic factors. Results showed that natural factors, that is, high-intensity rainfall and geotechnical conditions, were not severe enough to trigger landslides in the study area and that human disturbance was entirely responsible for the landslide events of 2000. Since the anthropic effects used in the simulations are typical of hazardous urban areas in Brazil, we concluded that the implementation of public policies that constrain the occupation of landslide susceptible areas are urgently needed.
Dutch Children's Perspectives on the Constructs of the Child Occupational Self-Assessment (COSA)

The claim for the Child Occupational Self-Assessment (COSA) is that children may share their sense of competence for, and value of, everyday occupations. To establish whether self-report items meet their purpose, assurances regarding construct validity depend not only on quantitative methodology but also on qualitative methods. This study aimed to reveal how Dutch children with special needs interpret the translated American COSA items, and whether their answers fit the intended meaning. Six 8- to 12-year-old Dutch children with special needs participated in the research. Data were collected via the Three-Step Test-Interview (cognitive interviewing) and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results showed variations in children's interpretation, discrepancies between scores and stories, and translation inaccuracies. These data can be used to improve the Dutch COSA. Cognitive interviewing enhances both the construct validity of this self-assessment and the collaborative process of reasoning, decision making, and goal setting with a child during self-assessment.