Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distress correlates with the degree of chest pain: a description of patients awaiting revascularisation.

AIM: To describe various symptoms other than pain among consecutive patients on the waiting list for possible coronary revascularisation in relation to estimated severity of chest pain. DESIGN: All patients were sent a postal questionnaire for symptom evaluation. SUBJECTS: All patients in western Sweden on the waiting list in September 1990 who had been referred for coronary angiography or coronary revascularisation (n = 904). RESULTS: 88% of the patients reported chest pain symptoms that limited their daily activities to a greater or lesser degree. Various psychological symptoms including anxiety and depression were strongly associated with the severity of pain (P < 0.001), as were sleep disturbances (P < 0.001), and dyspnoea and various psychosomatic symptoms (P < 0.001). Nevertheless only 44% of the patients reported chest pain as the major disruptive symptom, whereas the remaining 56% reported uncertainty about the future, fear, or unspecified symptoms as being the most disturbing. CONCLUSIONS: In a consecutive series of patients on the waiting list for possible coronary revascularisation, half the participants reported that uncertainty and fear were more disturbing than chest pain.
The defensive response of the honeybee Apis mellifera

ABSTRACT Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are insects living in colonies with a complex social organization. Their nest contains food stores in the form of honey and pollen, as well as the brood, the queen and the bees themselves. These resources have to be defended against a wide range of predators and parasites, a task that is performed by specialized workers, called guard bees. Guards tune their response to both the nature of the threat and the environmental conditions, in order to achieve an efficient trade-off between defence and loss of foraging workforce. By releasing alarm pheromones, they are able to recruit other bees to help them handle large predators. These chemicals trigger both rapid and longer-term changes in the behaviour of nearby bees, thus priming them for defence. Here, we review our current understanding on how this sequence of events is performed and regulated depending on a variety of factors that are both extrinsic and intrinsic to the colony. We present our current knowledge on the neural bases of honeybee aggression and highlight research avenues for future studies in this area. We present a brief overview of the techniques used to study honeybee aggression, and discuss how these could be used to gain further insights into the mechanisms of this behaviour. Summary: Honeybees exhibit an efficient organization to defend their nest against a variety of intruders. We review the mechanisms of this defensive behaviour and highlight its plasticity at the individual and colony levels.
A brief intro to metamaterials

Metamaterials are new artificial materials with unusual electromagnetic properties that are not found in naturally occurring materials. All "natural" materials such as glass, diamond and such have positive electrical permittivity, magnetic permeability and an index of refraction. In these new artificially fabricated materials - termed as negative index materials (NIM) or double negative (ONG) media or left handed (LH) materials or backward wave (BW) media - all these material parameters are negative. With these unusual material parameters, new kinds of miniaturized antennas and microwave components/devices can be created for the wireless communications and the defense industries. The electrical permittivity and the magnetic permeability are the main determinants of a material's response to electromagnetic (EM) waves. In metamaterials, both these material parameters are negative. Correspondingly, the refractive index of the metamaterials is also negative. Another strange property of metamaterials is its reverse Doppler effect.
A Double‐Blind Controlled Study of Intramuscular Zuclopenthixol Acetate and Liquid Oral Haloperidol in the Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients With Acute Exacerbation

We carried out a 9-day double-blind clinical trial comparing intramuscular zuclopenthixol acetate with liquid oral haloperidol in the treatment of 40 newly admitted schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation. A parallel-group design was used with stratification by sex. Zuclopenthixol acetate (50 to 150 mg) was given intramuscularly every 3 days, whereas liquid haloperidol (10 to 30 mg daily) was given orally three times a day, with supplementary doses of each medication given under double-blind conditions when needed for agitation. No other sedative drugs, including benzodiazepines, were administered. The mean daily dose was 18.9 mg for haloperidol as compared with a mean dose per 3 days of 117.6 mg for zuclopenthixol. The two treatments were found to be equally efficacious on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression Scale. Both drugs induced similar extrapyramidal side effects. However, more tremors were associated with zuclopenthixol as was a tendency for tardive dyskinesia to be unmasked at the end of the injection interval. Sedation was higher with zuclopenthixol acetate than with haloperidol. Serum creatinine phosphokinase levels were not significantly increased after zuclopenthixol injections. The results of this trial suggest that zuclopenthixol acetate given intramuscularly every second to third day offers an alternative to conventional liquid oral haloperidol in the management of acute schizophrenia.
Relative Roles of Complement Factor 3 and Mannose-Binding Lectin in Host Defense against Infection

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of severe nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Phagocytes and humoral molecules, including complement, have been proposed to cooperate in host defense against gram-positive bacteria. Circumstantial evidence indicates a role for complement, but this has not been formally defined. Complement activation is initiated by the classical, alternative, or lectin pathway, with the latter requiring mannose-binding lectin (MBL, also known as mannose-binding protein). MBL is an oligomeric serum protein that recognizes carbohydrates decorating a broad range of infectious agents, including S. aureus. We previously reported that MBL null mice were highly susceptible to S. aureus infection, confirming that MBL plays a key role in first-line host defense. In this study, we evaluated the relative roles of C3 and MBL against S. aureus infection by generating MBL × C3 null mice to compare with C3 single null mice. C3 deficiency alone significantly reduced survival to 19% from 97% of wild-type mice (P < 0.0001). Surprisingly, an additional MBL deficiency reduced the survival further to 7% (P < 0.0001). However, the MBL deficiency alone had a smaller though significant effect on survival, which was 77% (P = 0.018 versus wild-type mice). These results confirm an essential function for complement in host resistance against S. aureus infection but also identify an MBL-dependent mechanism that is C3 independent.
A 10-Year Prospective Trial of a Patient Management Algorithm and Screening Examination for Highly Active Individuals with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Background A treatment algorithm and screening examination have been developed to guide patient management and prospectively determine potential for highly active individuals to succeed with nonoperative care after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Objective To prospectively characterize and classify the entire population of highly active individuals over a 10-year period and provide final outcomes for individuals who elected nonoperative care. Methods Inclusion criteria included presentation within 7 months of the index injury and an International Knee Documentation Committee level I or II activity level before injury. Concomitant injury, unresolved impairments, and a screening examination were used as criteria to guide management and classify individuals as noncopers (poor potential) or potential copers (good potential) for nonoperative care. Results A total of 832 highly active patients with subacute anterior cruciate ligament tears were seen over the 10-year period; 315 had concomitant injuries, 87 had unresolved impairments, and 85 did not participate in the classification algorithm. The remaining 345 patients (216 men, 129 women) participated in the screening examination a mean of 6 weeks after the index injury. There were 199 subjects classified as noncopers and 146 as potential copers. Sixty-three of 88 potential copers successfully returned to preinjury activities without surgery, with 25 of these patients not undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at the time of follow-up. Conclusion The classification algorithm is an effective tool for prospectively identifying individuals early after anterior cruciate ligament injury who want to pursue nonoperative care or must delay surgical intervention and have good potential to do so.
Long-term psychological effects of LSD.

The literature reporting lasting adverse psychological reactions to LSD is reviewed, along with other relevant reports where LSD users were followed. The danger of long-lasting psychological damage is low when the drug is used by emotionally stable individuals in secure, controlled settings, but persons with psychiatric disturbance, unstable personalities, and current crisis situations have experienced pathological behavior temporally related to drug ingestion. Adverse reactions were not reported in well-controlled studies with normal subjects, indicating the drug's relative safety for continued research.
Information Technology and the Changing Fabric of Organization

Technology has been an important theme in the study of organizational form and function since the 1950s. However, organization science's interest in this relationship has declined significantly over the past 30 years, a period during which information technologies have become pervasive in organizations and brought about significant changes in them. Organizing no longer needs to take place around hierarchy and the collection, storage, and distribution of information as was the case with “command and control” bureaucracies in the past. The adoption of innovations in information technology (IT) and organizational practices since the 1990s now make it possible to organize around what can be done with information. These changes are not the result of information technologies per se, but of the combination of their features with organizational arrangements and practices that support their use. Yet concepts and theories of organizational form and function remain remarkably silent about these changes. Our analysis offers five affordances---visualizing entire work processes, real-time/flexible product and service innovation, virtual collaboration, mass collaboration, and simulation/synthetic reality---that can result from the intersection of technology and organizational features. We explore how these affordances can result in new forms of organizing. Examples from the articles in this special issue “Information Technology and Organizational Form and Function” are used to show the kinds of opportunities that are created in our understanding of organizations when the “black boxes” of technology and organization are simultaneously unpacked.
Physical Activity After Cardiac Rehabilitation: Evidence That Different Types of Self-Efficacy Are Important in Maintainers and Relapsers

Maintaining the performance of exercises recommended by rehabilitation specialists and recovering after lapses in the performance of exercises constitute a process of behavior change. Usually, researchers assume that the same cognitions may help individuals to maintain their activity and to recover from relapse. Self-efficacy, which can be defined as beliefs about one’s ability to perform a specific action (Bandura, 1997), is associated with a patient’s adherence during and after rehabilitation programs (Carlson et al., 2001; Guillot, Kilpatrick, Hebert, & Hollander, 2004; McAuley, Pena, & Jerome, 2001). In this study, we investigated whether specific beliefs predict the performance of exercises recommended by rehabilitation specialists, by examining whether patients maintained their activity levels or relapsed to their less active lifestyles.
Effect of Hippotherapy on Motor Proficiency and Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy Who Walk

ABSTRACT Aims: To evaluate the effects of hippotherapy on physical capacities of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Thirteen children (4–12 years old) with cerebral palsy classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System Level I or II were included in this prospective quasi-experimental ABA design study. Participants received 10 weeks of hippotherapy (30 min per week). Gross motor function and proficiency were measured with the Bruininks–Oseretski Motor Proficiency short form [BOT2-SF]) and the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 [GMFM-88] (Dimension D and E) twice before the program (T1 and T1′), immediately after (T2), and 10 weeks following the end of the program (T3). Results: Mean scores for dimensions D and E of the GMFM-88 Dimension scores (p = .005) and three out of the eight items of the BOT2-SF (fine motor precision (p = .013), balance (p = .025), and strength (p = .012) improved between baseline and immediately after intervention; mean scores immediately following and 10 weeks following intervention did not differ. Conclusions: Hippotherapy provided by a trained therapist who applies an intense and graded session for 10 weeks can improve body functions and performance of gross motor and fine motor activities in children with cerebral palsy.
Merger Impacts on Investor Expectations: An Event Study for Australia

Abstract In previous work, little evidence of share‐price response to Australian price‐fixing investigations was found. However, these investigations often involve a small part of a company’s operations and antitrust penalties have tended to be relatively small; in fact, some weak support was found for a greater response by investors when penalties were expected to be more significant. Mergers, on the other hand, clearly represent a much more significant event, and we would anticipate a clearer share‐price response both to announced mergers and to associated antitrust challenges. While such studies have been done in other countries (primarily for the US), we know of no prior research of this sort for Australia. In this paper we focus on a sample of about 50 mergers and acquisitions involving Australian companies from 1996 to 2003, examining the impact on share prices of the announcement of these mergers both on the firms involved and on rival firms. For those which were challenged by the Australian antitrust enforcers, we also consider the impact of the announcement of such a challenge.
Clinical Intervention for Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Multiple Case Study

The teaching process and outcome in a skill theme program and a movement concepts program were described and analyzed in seven children with developmental coordination disorder. It was hypothesized that the skill theme program would improve targeted skills and perceived physical competence, whereas the movement concepts program would improve self-esteem and creativity. The seven children were taught individually by the same student teachers twice a week for a period of five weeks in one of the teaching methods. After a vacation, the teachers changed their teaching strategies and taught the same children using the alternative method. Although the hypothesis was generally supported, the children’s response to and progress in the programs varied. Possible factors influencing the variation were discussed.
Pregnancy associated plasma protein A in Down's syndrome.

detected.3 As some undescended testes descend spontaneously we suggest that all boys with an undescended testis at 8 months should be reviewed at 1 year and, if the testis has still not descended, referred to a surgeon so that orchidopexy can be arranged during the second year of life. To reduce the toll of testicular cancer better health education is required as this would also benefit all potential victims, 90% of whom have normally descended testes. Self examination should be taught at an early age and may lead to earlier presentation of testicular tumours.
Efficient plasmid transformation of Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces fradiae protoplasts

A procedure for efficient transformation of Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces fradiae protoplasts with plasmid DNA was developed. Transformation frequencies with S. fradiae protoplasts were strongly influenced by the temperatures for cell growth, protoplast formation, and protoplast regeneration. Transformation frequencies for both species were also influenced by the culture age before protoplast formation, the source and concentration of polyethylene glycol, the transformation-inducing agent, the concentration of protoplasts used in the transformation procedure, and the number of protoplasts added to regeneration plates. Transformation frequencies were substantially higher for both species when calf thymus DNA and protamine sulfate were added to the transformation mix. With S. fradiae, transformation frequencies were much lower with plasmid DNA prepared from other species than with the same plasmids prepared from S. fradiae, suggesting that S. fradiae expresses restriction and modification. With the modified transformation procedures using DNA prepared from homologous hosts, S. ambofaciens and S. fradiae are now transformed routinely at frequencies of 10(6) to 10(7) transformants per micrograms of plasmid DNA.
Increase of Intracranial Pressure after Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in a Chronic Porcine Model

Objective: An increase in intracranial pressure has been shown to threaten the outcome of patients with ischemic or traumatic brain injury. Its impact on the outcome of pigs undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest has been evaluated in this study. Design: Fifty-six pigs underwent a 75-min period of hypothermic circulatory arrest at 20°C. Intracranial pressure, cerebral microdialysis, hemodynamic and metabolic parameters were monitored throughout the experiment. The animals were allowed to survive until the 7th postoperative day and, then, electively killed. Results: The 7-day survival rate was 60.7%, and among survivors, 20 of them (58.8%) developed brain infarction. A significant increase in intracranial pressure as compared with the baseline level was observed since the end of cooling ( p = 0.047) and the difference became larger during all the postoperative intervals ( p < 0.0001). Animals that died postoperatively tended to have higher intracranial pressure levels during all the postoperative intervals, but such a difference reached significance only at the 4-h postoperative interval ( p = 0.040). The same tendency was observed among animals that survived until the 7th postoperative day and that developed brain infarction or not, but the difference between these two groups did not reach statistical significance. The animals that died or developed postoperatively brain infarction had higher intracranial pressure values postoperatively as compared with those that survived without developing brain infarction and such a difference reached significance at the 2-h ( p = 0.015) and 4-h postoperative intervals ( p = 0.035). The peak intracranial pressure was 17.2 mmHg (IQR, 13.7-20.8) in animals that died or developed brain infarction and 14.1 mmHg (IQR, 11.8-16.4) in those that survived 7 days without developing brain infarction ( p = NS). Conclusion: Intracranial pressure increases significantly after 75 min of experimental hypothermic circulatory arrest and such an increase is associated with a high risk of postoperative death and brain infarction.
Exploring aphasic grammar 1: a single case analysis of conversation

This paper uses the methodology and analytical findings of conversation analysis to investigate the notion that aphasic grammar may be understood at least partly in the context of the demands of turns at talk in conversation. An investigation of the conversation of an English-speaking person with aphasia reveals two distinct grammatical phenomena, and it is suggested that their use may be interactionally motivated by the need to take a relatively unproblematic turn at talk despite the constraints of non-fluent aphasia. The grammatical patterns that are revealed by this analysis look considerably different from those elicited by standard methods of data sampling. The possibility that interactional grammatical phenomena are not visible in the language data elicited by clinical assessments is raised. This question is addressed via an in-depth comparison of the same speaker's interactional and elicited grammar in a linked article. It is suggested that the tool of conversation analysis provides researchers with a new and fruitful approach to the study of grammatical abilities in aphasia.
Numerical solution of an exterior Neumann problem using a double layer potential

Introduction. Solving boundary value problems for partial differential operators by integral equation methods is not a new idea. However, the classical way to do it consists in representing the unknown solution as a potential of the type that will lead to an integral equation of the second kind. Then, Fredholm's theorems can be used. Thus, the Dirichlet problem is usually solved with the help of a double layer potential, and the Neumann problem with the use of a single layer potential. We shall have a different point of view. Our aim will be to obtain a variational formulation of the problem in order to obtain the existence and unicity of a solution and error estimates. This philosophy leads to opposite choices for the representation of the solution. Thus, J. C. Nedelec and J. Planchard, for the three-dimensional case, and M. N. Leroux for the two-dimensional case, have solved the Dirichlet problem by using a single layer potential. We propose here the solution of a Neumann problem by using a double layer potential. Let 2 be a bounded open set of R3. Let r be the boundary of 2 and Qc denote the complementary set of Q. We assume that r is sufficiently smooth, and we put the coordinates' origin in 2. We shall write nt, for the exterior normal to r, r, for the distance to the origin, [V] = vlint vie,xt, for the jump through r, of the function v defined in Ri3.
Experiencing Information Systems Research and Phenomenology: The Case of Claudio Ciborra and Martin Heidegger

Given the ongoing debate on the explicit and implicit foundations of theories and methods within the IS discipline, this chapter examines the circumstances that appear to favor a close connection between Information Systems (IS) research and philosophy (phenomenology in the specific case examined). The question addressed is whether references to philosophy are typically made when a researcher is confronted with issues and topics that she considers crucial and which she believes inappropriately treated or neglected by current theories and practice. To answer this question the influence of Heidegger on Ciborra’s work is explored. The method adopted is the review of Ciborra’s publications and his references to Heidegger; meaningful issues were identified and significant passages of both authors compared. It appears that Heidegger’s influence has been substantial in terms of support for both Ciborra’s critical analysis and innovative solutions for the IS-related world. Given the multiplication and growing pervasiveness of information technology and IS and the consequent growing need for policies based on sound research, the “escalation” to philosophy (and especially the engagement with phenomenology), though demanding and difficult, will probably become increasingly useful.