Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Versus Late Femoral Fracture Stabilization in Multiply Injured Pediatric Patients With Closed Head Injury

The purpose of this study was to analyze retrospectively pediatric femur fracture patients with concomitant head injury to determine whether time to fracture fixation affects central nervous system, orthopaedic, or additional complications. Twenty-five patients with a Head Abbreviated Injury Scale score of ≥3 and a femoral shaft fracture were reviewed. Patients were divided by time to treatment for their femur fracture. Average stay was 10.5 days for the early group and 18.5 days for the late group, the only statistically significant finding. Orthopaedic and central nervous system complications were similar between the two groups. Sixteen additional complications were found in the late group versus three for the early group. Femur fractures in the head-injured pediatric patient can be adequately addressed with early or late fixation with similar long-term outcomes. Early femur fracture fixation may decrease the length of hospital stay and the number of nonorthopaedic, nonneurologic complications.
Maximizing the potential of age-diverse work groups and their leaders in contemporary workplaces

Maximizing the Potential of Age-Diverse Work Groups and their Leaders in Contemporary Workplace By Cara-Lynn Scheuer Age diversity has the potential to offer significant advantages in contemporary workplaces. However, surprisingly, many organizations fail to realize these benefits. This may partially be due to a lack of understanding of the underlying processes taking place in age-diverse work groups, as well as the role of leadership and leader’s age in this context. In this thesis, I shed light on these issues using an exploratory mixed method design comprising of a two-part qualitative study (Study 1A/1B) and two quantitative studies (Studies 2 & 3). The qualitative study involves an in-depth examination of semi-structured interviews with 16 older/younger workers about their experiences collaborating on work tasks with younger/older colleagues (Study 1A) and their perceptions of their younger/older managers’ leadership effectiveness (Study 1B). Using a blended grounded theory approach I found five key factors (information elaboration, trust, status incongruity, counterbalancing behaviors, and learning agility) and 15 leadership behaviors as being critical to the success of age-diverse work groups. In Study 2, I surveyed 197 work group members and 56 supervisors to test a subset of the factors identified in Study 1A (information elaboration, status congruity, and trust) for their impact on the performance of age-diverse work groups. In Study 3, I surveyed 214 work group members (half with a younger manager and the other half with an older manager) to assess the impact of the two most prominent leadership models from Study 1B, empowering leadership and transformational leadership, on the age-diversityinformation elaboration-work group performance relationship. I also compared these effects across the two leader age groups. With the exception of those regarding transformational leadership, the results of Studies 2 and 3 generally supported my hypotheses regarding the positive effects of the selected factors/leadership behaviors in the context of age-diverse work groups. The results of Study 3 also supported my prediction of empowering leadership being a potentially more promising leadership approach than transformational leadership for younger managers. Collectively, my thesis makes contributions to the work group diversity, leadership, and age literatures. From a practical standpoint, my thesis provides organizations with useful strategies for more effectively navigating age diversity in their workplaces.
Mouse brain gene expression changes after acute and chronic amphetamine

Gene expression changes are candidate mechanisms to contribute to long‐term consequences of psychostimulant use. We use microarrays to examine the expression of 6340 genes in brains of mice killed 5 or 20 h following 14 day, twice‐daily treatments with saline (SS), saline followed by a single 7.5 mg/kg amphetamine dose (SA), or repeated 7.5 mg/kg amphetamine doses (AA) that produce sensitization but no clear‐cut neuronal toxicities. Arrays display robust hybridization for about 3600 transcripts. One hundred and seventeen of these expressed transcripts are candidate positives for drug‐related changes, displaying > 1.8‐fold differences from SS control values in whole brains of either SA or AA mice. Five transcripts reveal altered expression in both AA and SA mice. SA mostly enhances expression while AA treatments largely reduce expression. Fourteen SA and four AA changes in whole brain mRNA were replicated by > 1.8‐fold changes in independent microarray assessments of either cerebral cortical or brainstem mRNAs, with more changes identified in frontal than in entorhinal/parietal cortical samples. About one‐quarter of these changes persist in initial studies of mice killed 20 h after the last amphetamine injection. Each of these genes, including transcription factor, cellular regulatory, structural and other gene family members, are candidates to contribute to brain adaptations to psychostimulants.
Hepatic lentiviral gene transfer is associated with clonal selection, but not with tumor formation in serially transplanted rodents

Lentiviral (LV) vectors are promising tools for long‐term genetic correction of hereditary diseases. In hematopoietic stem cell gene therapies adverse events in patients due to vector integration‐associated genotoxicity have been observed. Only a few studies have explored the potential risks of LV gene therapy targeting the liver. To analyze hepatic genotoxicity in vivo, we transferred the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) gene by LV vectors into FAH(‐/‐) mice (n = 97) and performed serial hepatocyte transplantations (four generations). The integration profile (4,349 mapped insertions) of the LV vectors was assessed by ligation‐mediated polymerase chain reaction and deep sequencing. We tested whether the polyclonality of vector insertions was maintained in serially transplanted mice, linked the integration sites to global hepatocyte gene expression, and investigated the effects of LV liver gene therapy on the survival of the animals. The lifespan of in vivo gene‐corrected mice was increased compared to 2‐(2‐nitro‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzoyl)‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione (NTBC) control animals and unchanged in serially transplanted animals. The integration profile (4,349 mapped insertions) remained polyclonal through all mouse generations with only mild clonal expansion. Genes close to the integration sites of expanding clones may be associated with enhanced hepatocyte proliferation capacity. Conclusion: We did not find evidence for vector‐induced tumors. LV hepatic gene therapy showed a favorable risk profile for stable and long‐term therapeutic gene expression. Polyclonality of hepatocyte regeneration was maintained even in an environment of enforced proliferation. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
The behavioural self-regulation strategies of Indian South African students as minority group on a university campus

34 Problem Statement . 38 Aims . 39 Methodology . 40 Design . 40 Participants . 40 Procedure and Ethical Considerations . 40 Data Collection and Analysis. 41 Trustworthiness . 43 Results . 43 Discussion . 51 Feedback Loop 1 . 56 Feedback Loop 2 . 57 Conclusion . 58 Limitations and Future Directions . 59 CHAPTER 3: PERSONAL REFLECTION ON THE RESEARCH PROCESS . 72 Personal Reflection . 73 Appendix A . 78 The IQA Questionnaire . 78
Predicting Equity Returns in Emerging Markets

ABSTRACT This study investigates the relation between firm-specific attributes and future equity returns in 23 emerging markets. Equal-weighted portfolio returns reveal strong evidence of short-term momentum (rather than reversal) and medium-term return momentum. We also find evidence that market beta, book-to-market ratio and downside risk metrics predict equity returns, however, these relations get weaker once value-weighting is used. In univariate regressions, smaller firms with higher idiosyncratic volatility, lottery-like characteristics and stock-specific downside risk are associated with higher future returns, however, these relations disappear in a multivariate setting. We conclude that the most robust cross-sectional effects are short- and medium-term return momentum.
Measuring Components of Children's Health Status

Measures of physical, mental and social components of health status and general health ratings were studied for children ages 0–4 (N = 679) and 5–13 (N = 1473). Questionnaires were completed by adult proxies (usually mothers) in three generally healthy populations. Hypothesized multi-item scales were tested; reliability was estimated and preliminary attempts at validation were undertaken. Items in ten scales pertaining to mental health (Anxiety, Depression, Positive Well-Being, Mental Health Index), social health (Social Relations), general health ratings (Current Health, Prior Health, Resistance/Susceptibility to Illness, General Health Rating Index), as well as parental satisfaction with child development satisfied Likert-type and discriminant validity criteria. Because functional limitation items were endorsed for very few children, scales to measure physical health could not be tested. Almost all scales were sufficiently reliable for group comparisons; reliability coefficients were lower in the most disadvantaged population. Interrelationships among scales and validity variables generally supported their construct validity and supported a multi-component model of children's health status.
The Moderating Effect of Economic Growth on the Relationship Between Economic Integration and Foreign Direct Investment in the East African Community

This paper investigates the moderating effect of economic growth on theÂ relationship between economic integration and foreign direct investment in theÂ East African Community. Developing countries rely on foreign direct investmentÂ (FDI) to supplement their low levels of national savings in order to promoteÂ economic development. However, low levels of FDI are still a big concern forÂ poor countries. Regional integration is often considered a means to improveÂ member countriesâ€™ attractiveness to FDI. From the available anecdotal evidence,Â the East African region ranks as one of the poorest recipients of FDI in the world. Â Finance literature records that economic growth as an indicator of the investorÂ potential rate of return as well as population purchasing power catalyzes the rateÂ of foreign direct investment attraction. The research employed an explanatoryÂ research design. East African Community was the unit of analysis involvingÂ Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. Empirical data analysisÂ employed hierarchical regression analysis. The quarterly time series data usedÂ spanned the period 2001 â€“ 2015. The study establishes that economic growthÂ enhances the capacity of economic integration to attract FDI into a region.JEL classification numbers: F30, P45Keywords: Economic integration, Economic growth, Moderation, Foreign directÂ investment, East African Community
Vitreous and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet‐derived growth factor and their correlation in patients with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macula oedema

Purpose: To investigate possible correlations between vitreous and/or serum levels of platelet‐derived growth factor isoforms (PDGF‐AA, ‐AB and ‐BB) with parameters associated with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and clinically significant macula oedema (CSMO); to compare the results to relevant results regarding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is an established growth factor affecting NPDR.
The Influence of Leadership on Nursing Professionalism

The Influence of Leadership on Nursing Professionalism by Lorelle Anne Wuerz MSN, Walden University, 2009 BS, Marist College, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nursing Walden University November 2017 Abstract Leadership style has been studied from various perspectives including transformational leadership and the components of leadership competencies needed to exhibit transformational styles. However, there was a gap in the literature on the influence of leadership style on nursing professional behaviors and overall professionalism. The purpose of this descriptive, phenomenological study was to understand and explore theLeadership style has been studied from various perspectives including transformational leadership and the components of leadership competencies needed to exhibit transformational styles. However, there was a gap in the literature on the influence of leadership style on nursing professional behaviors and overall professionalism. The purpose of this descriptive, phenomenological study was to understand and explore the beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions of staff nurses on leadership style and its influence on professional nursing behaviors working in an inpatient care unit at a tertiary care center. The theory of transformational leadership was the conceptual framework for the study. A phenomenological approach was used for the qualitative interview with data analysis using a descriptive method. A total of 8 nursing participants were interviewed revealing that nurses had similar thoughts on their perceptions of professional characteristics and leadership driving professional socialization. Nurses articulated a practical knowledge of professional activities with little to no connection to a larger sense of professional identity, theory in practice, and ethical obligations to the future of the profession of nursing. There is a noted lack of professionalism seen in the discipline of nursing. Professional registered nurses and heath care leaders in nursing can benefit from this study. Understanding how leadership style can influence nursing not only impacts positive social change and shapes the future of the discipline of nursing, but can also potentially impact patient care outcomes and patient. The Influence of Leadership on Nursing Professionalism by Lorelle Anne Wuerz MSN, Walden University, 2009 BS, Marist College, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hst4 Functions in DNA Damage Response by Regulating Histone H3 K56 Acetylation

ABSTRACT The packaging of eukaryotic DNA into chromatin is likely to be crucial for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Histone acetylation and deacetylation, which alter chromatin accessibility, have been implicated in DNA damage tolerance. Here we show that Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hst4, a homolog of histone deacetylase Sir2, participates in S-phase-specific DNA damage tolerance. Hst4 was essential for the survival of cells exposed to the genotoxic agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as well as for cells lacking components of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. It was required for the deacetylation of histone H3 core domain residue lysine 56, since a strain with a point mutation of its catalytic domain was unable to deacetylate this residue in vivo. Hst4 regulated the acetylation of H3 K56 and was itself cell cycle regulated. We also show that MMS treatment resulted in increased acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 in wild-type cells and hst4Δ mutants had constitutively elevated levels of histone H3 K56 acetylation. Interestingly, the level of expression of Hst4 decreased upon MMS treatment, suggesting that the cell regulates access to the site of DNA damage by changing the level of this protein. Furthermore, we find that the phenotypes of both K56Q and K56R mutants of histone H3 were similar to those of hst4Δ mutants, suggesting that proper regulation of histone acetylation is important for DNA integrity. We propose that Hst4 is a deacetylase involved in the restoration of chromatin structure following the S phase of cell cycle and DNA damage response.
Monitoring the lactate threshold in world-ranked swimmers.

PURPOSE To determine whether lactate profiling could detect changes in discrete aspects of endurance fitness in world-ranked swimmers during a season. METHODS Eight male and four female Australian National Team swimmers aged 20--27 yr undertook a 7 x 200-m incremental swimming step test on four occasions over an 8-month period before the 1998 Commonwealth Games (CG): January (10 d before the World Championships), May (early-season camp), July (midseason), and August (16 d before the CG). The lactate threshold (LT) was determined by a mathematical formula that calculated the threshold as a function of the slope and y-intercept of the lactate-velocity curve. RESULTS Maximal 200-m test time declined initially from 127.7 +/- 4.2 s (January 1998) to 130.2 +/- 4.5 s (May 1998) and 129.1 +/- 4.3 s (July 1998) before improving to 126.8 +/- 4.2 s (August 1998) (P < 0.005). The swimming velocity at LT (s.100 m(-)1) also declined midseason before improving before the CG (P < 0.02) (January 1998: 70.5 +/- 2.1; May 1998: 72.0 +/- 2.2; July 1998: 72.2 +/- 2.2; and August 1998: 70.8 +/- 2.1). The blood lactate concentration at the LT decreased (P < 0.02) from 3.6 +/- 0.2 mM to 3.2 +/- 0.1 mM and 2.9 +/- 0.2 mM before returning to 3.4 +/- 0.2 mM for January, May, July, and August, respectively. The lactate tolerance rating (LT(5--10)), defined as the differential velocity between lactate concentrations of 5.0 and 10.0 mM, declined midway through the season (P < 0.015): 6.6 +/- 0.5 s.100 m(-1), 7.7 +/- 0.5 s.100 m(-1), 8.5 +/- 0.5 s.100 m(-1), and 6.9 +/- 0.4 s.100 m(-1), for January, May, July, and August, respectively. Despite these improvements in indicators of fitness, there was no significant improvement in competition performance across the season. CONCLUSIONS Maximal effort 200-m time, lactate tolerance rating, and swimming velocity at LT (s.100 m(-1)) all improved in world-ranked swimmers with training, but these changes were not directly associated with competition performance.
Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy--the role of measuring maternal TSH receptor antibodies and foetal ultrasound monitoring.

INTRODUCTION To evaluate the usefulness of measuring maternal anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) and foetal ultrasound (US) monitoring in cases of current or past maternal hyperthyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS 77 pregnant women suffering from hyperthyroidism or with a history of Graves' hyperthyroidism were observed prospectively. Maternal serum TSH, fT4, fT3, TRAbs, and foetal US were performed at baseline and repeated every 2-4 weeks when needed. Neonatal thyroid status was assessed based on serum TSH, fT4 and fT3 obtained in the first days of life. RESULTS 35 women were diagnosed with gestational hyperthyroidism and 42 with Graves' disease; among them 26 had current and 16 past hyperthyroidism. Foetal and neonatal thyroid dysfunction occurred only in cases of maternal Graves' disease: nine (21%) and three (7%), respectively. Active maternal Graves' hyperthyroidism and TRAbs elevated at least five times above the upper normal limit predisposed to foetal hyperthyroidism. Maternal anti-thyroid drug therapy (ATD) and low TRAbs and fT4 were the risk factors of foetal hypothyroidism. Abnormal foetal thyroid sonogram was the only sign of foetal thyroid dysfunction. Four patients (9.5%) had high TRAbs in the 3rd trimester (10.8-29.9 IU/mL), but neither foetal nor neonatal thyroid dysfunctions were noted. CONCLUSIONS In the cases of maternal Graves' disease, foetal thyroid dysfunction occurs more often than commonly assumed. Foetal thyroid US is a valuable tool in early diagnosis and monitoring of the foetal thyroid status in pregnancy complicated by maternal Graves' disease. The evaluation of biological activity of maternal TRAbs may be helpful in prenatal diagnosis in some cases.
CEO turnover and the new leader propensity to open innovation

PurposeIn an increasingly turbulent and competitive environment, open innovation could be critical for a firm’s success, favoring organizational flexibility and accelerating innovation processes. However, sharing innovation projects with external partners often requires changes in traditional organizational behavior and visions of CEOs. The purpose of this paper is to theorize and empirically verify how the CEO turnover and some socially relevant characteristics of the old and the new CEO may impact firms’ propensity toward open innovation under an integrated agency-resource dependence view and social identity perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis was carried out on 264 companies drawn from 16 developed European markets included in the S&P Europe 350 Dow Jones index over the years 2006-2015. To test the predictions, the authors adopted regression analysis by employing the panel two-stages least squares model and the ordinary least squares econometric model.FindingsConsistently with the predictions, the authors found that CEO turnover stimulates open innovation. Particularly, the results suggest that the organizational identity rationale may motivate a divergent propensity between insider and outsider new CEOs, with outsiders more prone to open innovation. The higher tendency of new outsider CEOs to undertake innovation projects jointly with external organizations prevails also within firms that experienced a long tenure of the former CEO, thereby suggesting that a new outsider CEO appears able to renovate corporate strategic directions also in highly orthodox organizational cultures.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that theorizes why CEO turnover might impact the propensity of the firm toward open innovation. The authors use an integrated agency-resource dependence perspective, and the results from the empirical analysis mostly support the predictions. Moreover, the authors adopt the social identity theory to show that the organizational identification of the CEO matters in the decision of engaging in open innovation.
The Influence of Heart Rate on Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

Summary: Elevated “casual” heart rate (HR) has been found to be an independent predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) in human beings. The current study provides data on the association between coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA) and naturally occurring individual differences in the casual HRs of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). The data demonstrate that naturally occurring differences in casual HR are related to CAA (plaque area in mm) with high HR monkeys having lesions more than twice as extensive as those of low HR monkeys (high HR; n = 7, 159 beats/min: 0.76 mm2 ± 0.21 SD; low HR; n = 8, 133 beats/min: 0.31 mm2 ± 0.30; t = 3.01, p < 0.01). The data show further that the distribution of individual differences in casual HR is consistent and stable over periods of at least 12 months. Importantly, the relationship between elevated casual HR and CAA was independent of the association between an index of HR “responsivity” to stress and CAA, found in the same monkeys. Similar to a recent finding in human beings, high casual HR also was associated with significantly lowered serum concentrations of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; differences in CAA were, however, independent of the lipid difference. The CAA differences may depend instead on HR‐induced differences in coronary blood flow between high and low HR monkeys. Subsequent work with &bgr;‐adrenergic blockade suggested that elevated casual HRs in monkeys are associated with sympathetic arousal.