Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the effects of land use pattern on distribution of sulphur fractions in soil

In the present investigation, various forms of sulphur (S) viz., total S, organic S, inorganic S and available S were estimated in soils under four different land uses viz., Rice-rice, rice-green gram, mango orchard and a fallow. Soils samples were taken up to a profile depth of 0.60m at 3 depths i.e. 0-0.20m, 0.20-0.40m and 0.40-0.60m. Thesoils were found to be slightly acidic to moderately acidic in reaction (5.83-6.59), showing an increase along the depth irrespective of the land use pattern. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content (mean 5.5 gkg-1) was found well above the low level of SOC in soils. Calcium carbonate content, bulk density and clay content of soils didnâ€™t maintain any definite pattern along the depth. All forms of S were found to decrease along depth irrespective of the land use patterns. The available S content ranged from 12.2 to 21.4mgkg-1 of soils. The relative preponderance of all the forms of S followed the order: mango orchard> fallow> rice-rice> rice-green gram. On an average organic S and available S fractions constituted 93 and 6 per cent of total S respectively. A correlation matrix revealed that all the forms of S maintained a significant positive correlation with SOC content while a negative correlation with pH of the soils. The results of the study will be useful in managing the different fractions of S in soils in order to maintain its availability well above the critical level.
The Effect of Vitamin A on Mucin 2 Gene Expression , Histological and Performance of Broiler Chicken Heshmat Sepehri Moghaddam

Vitamin A needs based on Ross manuals is 9500 IU/kg more than NRC (1994) recommendation, thus the effect of vitamin A on mucin2 gene expression, histological characteristics and performance were evaluated in Ross male broilers fed diets containing no vitamin A supplement, 1500 IU/kg vitamin A supplement (NRC requirement), 6250 IU/kg vitamin A supplement (average of NRC and Ross requirement) and 11000 IU/kg vitamin A supplement (Ross requirement). The dietary treatments consisted of an isonitrogenous corn-soybean mealbased diet. At the first day of chicken age, 24 pens were equalized to 12 birds per pen, in a completely randomized design and dietary treatments were randomly distributed for the 14-d period. Live performance measurements improved (P< 0.05) as dietary vitamin A supplement increased from 0 to11000 IU/kg. The least performance was related to no vitamin A supplement containing diet. Histological assays showed that villi height, crypt depth and villi surface increased as dietary vitamin A supplement increased . There was no effect of threonine on mucin2 gene expression and goblet cells density. According to these results, vitamin A needs in starter period in Ross (308) broilers is more than NRC (1994) recommendation.
Citrus Pulp in Concentrates for Horses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of increasing levels of citrus pulp in horse diets by investigating nutrient digestibility and the diet carbohydrate fractions, as well as to evaluate the correlation observed between the studied digestibility coefficients. Five adult horses were used. The horses were housed in individual stalls and had approximate ages of 3.5 years and live weights of 492.5 ± 44.5 kg. The experimental diets were formulated to meet the animals’ requirements for maintenance, establishing a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 60:40 with the coast-cross hay as the roughage. The formulated concentrates contained increasing inclusion levels of citrus pulp (0%, 7%, 14%, 21%, and 28%). No effect of the diets was observed (p> 0.05) on the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates; however, there was an effect (p< 0.05) on the soluble carbohydrates,y= 66.298 + 0.3724x. Citrus pulp may be used in horse diets at up to 28% concentrate. Citrus pulp is a safe energy source and benefits the digestibility of the nutrients and the carbohydrate fraction (both the fibrous and non-fibrous fractions) of the diet.
Impact of Human Resource Practices on Deviant Workplace Behavior A Study on Banking Sector Employees

Voluntary behavior that contravenes significant organizational norms is known as deviant workplace behavior and in doing so threatens the welfare of the organization and its members also. The study tries to find out the impact of human resource (HR) practices on workplace deviance. To achieve this objective, a survey was carried out through questionnaire amongst 150 banking sector employees. Correlation and multiple regression analysis illustrate that all dimensions of HR practices except result-oriented appraisal were found to negatively influence organizational deviance. The suggestions of the study are discussed.
Synchronous Technological Administration of Data Collection Instruments: An Ergonomic Method for Group Administration.

Questionnaires administered manually can cause surreptitious peer pressure on the candidate to finish when ‘the others’ have completed theirs, forcing students to rush or skip individual items or may hinder the ability of noticing participants who may be having in difficulty understanding certain items. These drawbacks can have serious consequences on the results of the study. With the use of the new Synchronous Technological Administration Method (STAM), each item with the possible response alternatives is presented on a PowerPoint slide to the group and the administrator waits until all the respondents mark their choice on the optic form. The Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire was administered to 1145 undergraduate students using the STAM proved to be beneficial in many ways. The percentage of missing data decreased immensely dropping from 21.4% to 2–5%, and the reliability of the whole instrument significantly increased. In addition, paper wastage was diminished and the use of the optic form eliminated hours of tedious plugging in of data which eliminated errors that were likely to occur with manual plugging.
A Model of Two Globalizations: Implications for Wage Inequality and Trade Specialization. ∗

We develop a model to analyze the distributional effects of two waves of globalization and their interdependencies. Guided by our empirical evidence, we distinguish between (i) a First Globalization, characterized by trade liberalizations which mainly affected trade in low skill intensive goods, (ii) a Second Globalization, characterized by a reduction in communication costs, which has affected trade in more skill intensive goods. We consider a North-South trade economy, in which North is skill abundant. A freely traded final good is produced in the North using high skill services and a bundle of inputs. Inputs differ on the skill intensity required to be produced and are subject to heterogeneous trade costs. We find that wage inequality increases in the North and the South during the First Globalization. In the Second Globalization, there is wage polarization in the North and increasing wage inequality in the South. We find a complementarity between the two globalizations. Wage polarization is delayed by the extent of trade in the First Globalization. Finally, we show how asymmetries in participation in the Second Globalization of two southern countries can generate a discontinuous pattern of specialization. The southern country participating in the Second Globalization specializes in the least and most skill intensive traded inputs and wage inequality rises in this country.
Effects of Chronic Exposure to Cadmium on State of Health and Cumulation in Tissues of Calves

Pechova A . 1. IIlek, L. Pavlata. M. Sindelar. D. Horky: Effects of Chronic Exposure to Cadmium 011 State of Health and Cumulation ill Tissues of Calres. Acta vet. Bmo 1998.67: 167·174. Effects of environmental conditions and long-term administration of low doses of cadmium on state of health and cumulation in tissues of calves were investigated. A set of 18 calves. kept in an ecologically favourable area. was divided into 3 groups (Groups I-E I and I-E2 received I mg and 2 mg cadmium per animal per day. respectively. Group I·C were controls). Cadmium was administered orally as a cadmium chloride solution for 92 days. Another set of 16 calves. kept in an industrial area. was divided in two groups (Group H-E received I mg cadmium per animal per day. Group II-C were controls). Cadmium was administered as given above for 106 days. Three calves of each group (only two calves of Group II-C) were slaughtered at the end of the administration period and hepatic. renal. myocardial. diaphragmatic. skeletal muscular. small intestinal. pancreatic. and testicular samples were collected for the determination of cadmium using the ETA AAS method. Blood samples were also collected during the experiment for the determination of metabolic profiles (total proteins. urea. glucose. aspartate amino transferase [AST]. and gamma glutamyl transferase [GGT]). The administration of cadmium had no effect on metabolic protiles. The only observed change was a non-signiticant increase in AST activity in the
Factors influencing the adoption of evidence-based principles in nursing education: A Jordanian perspective

Objective: Adopting principles of evidence-based in nursing education assists nursing graduates to improve their practice.However, there are factors influencing this adoption. Nurse educators need to identify these factors so that the educationalplans based on evidence-based principles can be made. This study aimed to identify the perceived factors influencingadopting evidence-based principles in nursing education among nurse educators in Jordanian Universities. Methods: A descriptive, cross-section research design was used on a convenience, purposive sample of 85 nurseeducators teaching in one of ten Jordanian Universities. Evidence-Based Nursing Education Questionnaire items werederived following a four-step approach; extensive literature review; thematic analysis of literature; expert opinion in thequestionnaire items; and the psychometric testing of the questionnaire. Results: Factors that influence the adoption of evidence-based principles in nursing education programs are: knowledge ineducational principles, finding and reviewing evidence, faculty practices, change in education strategies/practices, andfinding and judging evidence. Conclusion: Addressing the factors found in this study increases the awareness of experts to develop strategies thatpromote the use of evidence-based principles, and increase the probability of faculty adopting them in nursing education.
Writable graphene: Breaking sp2 bonds with soft X-rays

We study the stability of various kinds of graphene samples under soft x-ray irradiation. Our results show that in single-layer exfoliated graphene (a closer analog to two-dimensional material), the in-plane carbon-carbon bonds are unstable under x-ray irradiation, resulting in nanocrystalline structures. As the interaction along the third dimension increases by increasing the number of graphene layers or through the interaction with the substrate (epitaxial graphene), the effect of x-ray irradiation decreases and eventually becomes negligible for graphite and epitaxial graphene. Our results demonstrate the importance of the interaction along the third dimension in stabilizing the long range in-plane carbon-carbon bonding, and suggest the possibility of using x-ray to pattern graphene nanostructures in exfoliated graphene.
The Influence of Personal Religiosity Level against Corruption Behaviour in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands

The purpose of current study was to analyze the relationship between religion and ccorruption behavior. Corruption was a major problem that constantly being a disease to the third world country, included Indonesia. The magnitude of problems made the Government of Indonesia kept pressing the of corruption case consciously that already existed. Indonesia's corruption index in last few years continued to undergo the improvements though there have no significant changes. Through a theory stated religion could bring a positive implication for corruption behavior and also brought a negative impact on the corruption behavior of a person. The influence of personal religiosity level in the subsequent discussion was used a quantitative-explorative approach integrated with the qualitative-descriptive approach (mixed approach). The study was conducted in Bangka Belitung Islands Province aimed to find out and analyzed the issues. The results of processed data showed that people in Province of Bangka Belitung Islands have a high level of personal religiosity. Other findings showed that the influence of religion is important in reducing the level of corruption in the middle of the community. In the other hand, the society noted a giving of gifts to apparatus of government was a reasonable thing with a couple of notes. The result of the analysis showed the personal religiosity level in religion was still formed as ritualistic. Values and norms existed in society are generally influenced by the ethics and culture in an area, religious piety still not in touch with the daily attitude and behavior of a person. Furthermore, it was also making some of society became tolerant of the law or rules.
Behavior of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars.

The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars is one of the alternatives presented in recent studies to prevent the drawbacks related to the steel reinforcement in specific reinforced concrete members. In this work, six reinforced concrete beams were submitted to four point bending tests. One beam was reinforced with CA-50 steel bars and five with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The tests were carried out in the Department of Structural Engineering in Sao Carlos Engineering School, Sao Paulo University. The objective of the test program was to compare strength, reinforcement deformation, displacement, and some anchorage aspects between the GFRP-reinforced concrete beams and the steel-reinforced concrete beam. The results show that, even though four GFRP-reinforced concrete beams were designed with the same internal tension force as that with steel reinforcement, their capacity was lower than that of the steel-reinforced beam. The results also show that similar flexural capacity can be achieved for the steel- and for the GFRP-reinforced concrete beams by controlling the stiffness (reinforcement modulus of elasticity multiplied by the bar cross-sectional area - EA) and the tension force of the GFRP bars.
On the role of public policies and wage formation for business investment in R & D : a long-run panel analysis ∗

This paper studies the drivers of business funded and performed R&D in a panel of 14 OECD countries since 1981. More specifically, we investigate the effects of public R&D related policies and wage formation. Following Pesaran (Econometrica, 2006) and Kapetanios et al. (Journal of Econometrics, 2011), our empirical strategy allows for cross-sectionally correlated error terms due to the presence of unobserved common factors, which are potentially non-stationary. We find that tax incentives are effective. Public funding (subsidization) of R&D performed by firms can also be effective if subsidies are not too low, neither too high. R&D performed within the government sector and within institutions of higher education is basically neutral with respect to business R&D. We find no evidence for crowding out, nor for complementarity. The higher education sector may, however, indirectly be of great significance. Our results reveal human capital accumulation at the tertiary level as a key driver of business R&D in the OECD during the last decades. As to the impact of wage formation, using an indicator for wage pressure developed by Blanchard (Economic Policy, 2006), we find that wage moderation may contribute to innovation, but only in fairly closed economies and in economies with flexible labour markets. In highly open economies and economies with rigid labour markets rather the opposite holds. In these economies high wage pressure may enhance creative destruction and force firms to innovate as a competitive strategy. Our results show that a careful treatment of the properties of the data is crucial. JEL Classification: E22, J30, O31, O38, O57
Acaricide Resistance Status of the Rhipicephalus microplus in Brazil: A Literature Overview

Rhipicephalus microplus is a monoxenous species whose main hosts are bovines, leading to considerable losses in cattle production worldwide. In addition, this tick is the transmitter of pathogenic agents responsible for the bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis (BBA) complex. These ectoparasites are still mainly controlled with chemical products. The constant exposure of ticks to acaricides, associated with the lack of adequate application procedures, accelerates the selection pressure of resistant individuals in the population, inevitably increasing resistance, as reported by many authors around the world. This article presents current information about the resistance situation of R. microplus in Brazil. We identify and discuss the main chemical bases being used as a means to guide new research.
The Power to Tax in Sub-Saharan Africa: LTUs, VATs, and SARAs

In the context of achieving the new Sustainable Development Goals, revenue mobilization is a high priority in developing countries and in Sub-Saharan Africa, where governments’ ability to tax remains limited. Using a unique revenue dataset spanning the period 1980-2010, we analyze three important tax reforms: the Large Taxpayers Unit (LTU), the Value Added Tax (VAT), and the Semi-Autonomous Revenue Agency (SARA). We propose an ex-post impact assessment of these tax reforms in SSA countries based on propensity-score matching methodology (PSM) and synthetic control method (SCM). VAT and SARA are found to have an unambiguously large and positive effect on non-resource taxes, while the impact of LTU is insignificant—LTU seems however an important precondition for the adoption of the first two reforms. We conclude also that VAT and SARA display some synergy, and their positive effects strengthen several years after their adoption.
Does Slack Influence Public and Private Labor Market Interactions?

We empirically analyse the impact of public employment and public wages shocks on private labour market outcomes by examining whether policies operate differently in periods of economic slack than in normal times. We use local projection methods and focus on the Spanish and euro area aggregate cases. We find that the degree of unemployment slack is key for determining: (i) whether public employment crowds out private employment, and (ii) the degree and extent of the influence of public wages on the private sector. In addition, we find that at times of economic distress, public wage adjustment has lower output costs than public employment cuts for the Spanish case, while the opposite occurs at the euro area level. We conjecture that differences in the degree of wage rigidities and the size of the unemployment pool may rationalise our findings
ABIOTIC METHANE ON EARTH

Over the last 30 years, geochemical research has demonstrated that abiotic methane (CH4), formed by chemical reactions which do not directly involve organic matter, occurs on Earth in several specific geologic environments. It can be produced by either high‐temperature magmatic processes in volcanic and geothermal areas, or via low‐temperature (<100°C) gas‐water‐rock reactions in continental settings, even at shallow depths. The isotopic composition of C and H is a first step in distinguishing abiotic from biotic (including either microbial or thermogenic) CH4. Herein we demonstrate that integrated geochemical diagnostic techniques, based on molecular composition of associated gases, noble gas isotopes, mixing models, and a detailed knowledge of the geologic and hydrogeologic context are necessary to confirm the occurrence of abiotic CH4 in natural gases, which are frequently mixtures of multiple sources. Although it has been traditionally assumed that abiotic CH4 is mainly related to mantle‐derived or magmatic processes, a new generation of data is showing that low‐temperature synthesis related to gas‐water‐rock reactions is more common than previously thought. This paper reviews the major sources of abiotic CH4 and the primary approaches for differentiating abiotic from biotic CH4, including novel potential tools such as clumped isotope geochemistry. A diagnostic approach for differentiation is proposed.
Risk factors for severe acute malnutrition in children under the age of five: A case-control study

Abstract Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five in developing countries. Ethiopia being one of these countries malnutrition is an important public health problem, however little information is available on risk factors for severe acute malnutrition. Objective: To identify and determine the risk factors for severe acute malnutrition in children under the age of five. Methods: Matched case-control study design was applied. The cases were 102 severely malnourished children under the age of five and the controls (n=102) were recruited concurrently from children admitted with other medical problems. The controls were age matched and of good nutritional status. The study was conducted from July 2005 to April 2006 in admitted patients to Gondar University Hospital. Results: The mean age of the cases and controls were 24.1 (+ 14.8) and 21.5 (+16.2) months, respectively. The socioeconomic risk factors for severe acute malnutrition were maternal illiteracy (OR=3.83, 95% CI 1.93-7.67), paternal illiteracy (OR=2.04, 95% CI 1.13–3.71), monthly family income of less than 50 USD (OR =3.44, 95% CI 1.66–7.20) and large family size with the number of children greater than 3 (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.04 –3.73). Inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices were commonly seen in children with severe acute malnutrition. The identified inappropriate feeding practices were supplementation with prelacteal feeds (OR=2.31, 95% CI 1.025.27), lack of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of age (OR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.58 -5.73), late initiation (at 12 months of age or beyond) of complementary diet (OR = 4.03, 95% CI 1.45 – 11.74), and bottle-feeding (OR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.24 -7.49). Similarly there was a significant difference between the parents/caregivers of the cases and the controls in their knowledge for infant and young child feeding practices. Relatively a small proportion (40.2%) of the caregivers in the cases knew that complementary diet should be started at the age of 6 months compared to 66.7% in the controls (OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.18-0.62) and prelacteal feeds were thought to be important in 28.4% of the cases compared to 8.8% of the controls (OR=4.11, 95% CI 1.73-10.01). Further analysis with logistic regression revealed that the risk for severe acute malnutrition was independently associated with lack of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life (OR=3.22, 95% CI 1.31-7.91) and late initiation of complementary diet (OR=3.39, 95% CI 1.20–9.57) after the effects of other significant risk factors were controlled for. Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the association of severe acute malnutrition with inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices. To reduce childhood malnutrition due emphasis should be given in improving the knowledge and practice of parents on appropriate infant and young child feeding practices. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2008;22 (1):21-25]