Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endocrine response to cataract surgery under total intravenous anaesthesia, local anaesthesia under sedation or local anaesthesia alone: a comparative study.

cord [2]. Many aspects of bilateral presentation or recurrences of the syndrome are unknown, and, for this reason, 1183 consecutive patients with syndrome were analysed [3]. In 10 patients, the syndrome started in symmetrical limbs, in 34, it recurred in the same limb after a period of no or few complaints, and in 76, it recurred in one or more limbs other than the first limb. Involvement of a second limb concerned the symmetrical limb in 47%. The diagnosis of RSD was in one report based on four of five symptoms: pain, oedema, altered skin temperature, altered skin colour or reduced range of motion extremity [4]. These criteria are controversial [5]. Our patient had pain in all four limbs and this is the main symptom for diagnosis of CRPS [5]. Swelling or oedema of the affected limb is also reported to be characteristic; however, in a large prospective trial, only a history of swelling was needed even though the examination did not reveal the swelling [4]. No skin colour change was reported by our patient. In one study, 70% of the patients reported skin colour changes; however, examiners found absence of colour change in 69% of the patients [6]. Our patient met all the diagnostic criteria for CRPS type I. He also developed psychological problems, which are often found in these patients; this may lead to the conclusion that psychological problems may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder [7]. Our patient improved over the years with pharmacological treatment, sympathetic blocks and psychological therapy. In conclusion, despite many reports on RSD, there remains much controversy about the disorder. There is no convincing evidence that a primary organic dysfunction of the nervous system exists.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Subgingival Bacterial Flora in Cats with Gingivitis

The aerobic and anaerobic flora from gingival pockets of 40 cats with established gingivitis were cultured. The susceptibility of each isolate to four antimicrobial agents currently approved for use in cats (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; clindamycin; cefadroxil; enrofloxacin) was determined. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Clavamox®) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all isolates (92%) and all anaerobes (99% [co-equal with clindamycin]) tested; enrofloxacin (Baytril®) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all aerobes (90%) tested.
Calibration of Temperature Measurement by Infrared Pyrometry in MicrowaveHeating of Powder Materials: an Exothermic Reaction Based Approach

Abstract Accurate temperature measurement remains a challenge for microwave heating of powder materials. We propose a temperature calibration method based on exothermic reactions and the resultant thermal runaway that occurs during microwave heating. The approach was demonstrated on microwave heating of four titanium alloys. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the threshold reaction temperature for each selected titanium alloy. This served as a standard for the microwave heating of these titanium alloys. Infrared pyrometric temperature measurements were then calibrated by comparing the starting temperature of each thermal runaway event with the threshold reaction temperature.
Isokinetic dynamometry as a technologic assessment tool for trunk rigidity in Parkinson's disease patients.

BACKGROUND Rigidity is a cardinal symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). There are few studies that have assessed rigidity with objective tools in PD patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop an objective measurement to quantify trunk rigidity in PD patients with a technology device and to investigate the relationship between this objective assessment and to examine its relationship with disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr staging score and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III) disease duration, functional status (Schwab & England activities of daily living scale) and health related quality of life (European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 items) in patients with mild to moderate PD. METHODS An isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3 was employed to assess trunk rigidity in 36 PD patients. Passive trunk flexion and extension at 3 angular velocities, 30°/s, 45°/s and 60°/s were applied and resistive torques were recorded as trunk flexor and extensors rigidity. RESULTS Significant correlations between trunk flexors-extensors tone and clinical status, disease duration and functional status at 30°/s, 45°/s and 60°/s were obtained. No correlations were found among trunk muscle tone assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer and the EuroQoL-5D. Trunk rigidity was correlated with the HRQoL assessed with the mobility, cognition and stigma PDQ-39 domains and the total PDQ-39 scores. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the 30°/s, 45°/s and 60°/s angular velocities of this objective technology method were a valid assessment for trunk rigidity and were correlated with disease severity, disease duration, functional status and HRQoL in PD patients.
FIXED ERUPTION DUE TO IODIDE AND ANTIPYRINE.

DRUG eruptions form a sizeable and increasing proportion of the diseases seen by the dermatologist. Such eruptions may take many forms but sometimes are distinctive and characteristic, suggesting a particular agent. One of the most fascinating and least understood reactions to drugs is the " fixed eruption ". This term was introduced by Brocq (1894) to deseribe an eruption of erythematous and often urticated or bullous lesions, recurring on fixed and welldefined sites anywhere on the skin or mueous membranes. The onset is sudden on each occasion, usually with pruritus followed by bright erythema. Resolution occurs slowly over a few days leaving often a peculiar pigmentation of the aifected skin. Individual lesions are commonly nummular, but larger plaques may be seen. Since Brocq's report, many examples of diverse morphology and distribution have been reported and few widely used drugs have not been incriminated. Phenolphthalein, antipyrine, sulphonamides and barbiturates are the commonest offenders, but over a hundred other drugs have been suspected (Welsh, 1961). Extension of the afFected sites, the development of further lesions with each provocation, is not uncommon (Wise and Abramowitz, 1922). A second drug may excite the reaction in the original sites. Thus antipyrine has been reported to reactivate an arsphenamine eruption (Chargin and Leifer, 1940), and Cannon (1931) reported a case in which aspirin had this effect on a phenolphthalein eruption. These cross-reactions may occur with drugs which are not chemically related. Generalized flushing has been alleged to provoke an antipyrine eruption (Naegeli et al., 1930). Phases of unreactivity may occur lasting for weeks or months, during which time the patient is refractory to even large doses of the previously provocative drug. Much speculation but little experiment has been devoted to the possible mechanisms involved. A hypersensitivity mechanism has been invoked, but why such sensitivity should reside only in certain areas is obscure. The essential end-reaction is certainly vascular, but whether it is initiated locally in the epidermis, upper or deep dermis, is still in dispute. Patch tests on clinically normal skin are invariably negative but on afFected quiescent skin have some-
Cost-effectiveness of testing for breast cancer susceptibility genes.

OBJECTIVES Genetic mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1/2 are associated with an increased risk of breast/ovarian cancers. Cost-effective preventive measures are available for women who test positive. The objective of this study was to determine at what risk of mutation it is cost-effective to test women for BRCA1/2 mutations. METHODS A semi-Markov model accrued costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) annually from the societal perspective. The estimates of health-care costs, life expectancy, likelihood of obtaining a mastectomy or oophorectomy, and patient preferences for treatment and certainty about their BRCA1/2 status were based on the literature. RESULTS At a 10% probability of mutation (the current guideline), the test strategy generated 22.9 QALYs over the lifetime and cost $118k, while the no-test strategy generated 22.7 QALYs and cost $117k. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the test strategy was $9k and the differences between costs and effects were not substantial. The test strategy remained cost-effective to a probability of mutation of 0%, as long as utility gained from a negative test result was 0.006 or greater. These results were sensitive to the frequency of inconclusive test results and utility gain from a negative test result. CONCLUSIONS The costs and effectiveness of both the test and no-test strategies are very similar even when there is a small probability of mutation. Current guidelines, which can be used by insurance companies to refuse coverage, could deny some women a cost-effective approach. Further research to decrease the frequency of inconclusive results could improve the cost-effectiveness of this test.
Screening Colonoscopy Use Among Individuals at Higher Colorectal Cancer Risk

Goals To describe screening colonoscopy use in those with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC). Background Colonoscopy is an effective means of screening for CRC and is preferred for individuals at higher risk. We therefore derived population-based estimates of colonoscopy use and analyzed how individual characteristics and family history correlate with colonoscopy. Study Individuals between the ages of 41 and 75 years who responded to the Cancer Control Module of the 2000 National Health Interview Study were analyzed. Screening colonoscopy was defined as having a colonoscopy for screening purposes within the last 10 years. Screening colonoscopy was the dependent variable and family history was the independent variable in a logistic regression model that included self-described sociodemographic characteristics. Results Of the 13,160 individuals in the analysis, 6.8% had a family history of CRC, corresponding to approximately 5.5 million individuals in the United States. Those with a family history were significantly more likely to report screening colonoscopy (27.8%) than those without a family history (7.7%; P<0.001). In those with a family history, screening colonoscopy significantly correlated with tobacco use, education, and age. There was no trend for increased screening colonoscopy with having multiple family members or a young family member with CRC. Conclusions Over 5.5 million people in the US have a family history of CRC, and only 1 in 4 report having had a screening colonoscopy by the year 2000. Improving knowledge about CRC and addressing other barriers to screening in this group will be important components of improving screening colonoscopy utilization.
Reversible Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome Associated to Leukopenia in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient

Abstract: Reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RLS) is a rare brain disorder, characterized by diffuse attenuation of cerebral white matter, which has been most commonly observed in transplant patients receiving calcineurin inhibitors or in patients with severe hypertension. We report an episode of RLS in a 22‐year‐old male patient on chronic hemodialysis with well‐controlled moderate hypertension who presented with de novo headache and generalized seizures. Cranial magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed multiple areas of increased signal intensity in the white matter on T2‐weighed images which resolved spontaneously at subsequent MRIs. White blood cell count showed leucopenia with normal CD4 count at flow cytometry. A viral etiology could not be demonstrated. Reversible leukoencephaolopathy syndrome symptoms remitted within 72 h but leukopenia persisted over 10 months. The patient received a kidney transplant 15 months after RLS onset and has received cyclosporine since the second post‐transplant day. No recurrence of RLS symptoms has been observed. The etiology of the MRI changes in the present case seemed not to be either vasogenic or cytotoxic.
Integration between MRI and Physical Therapy to Improve Treatment of Patients with Shoulderpain

Background: Shoulder pain is the second most common musculoskeletal disorder treated by physical therapists. The cause for the shoulder pain is multifactorial. However, a specific diagnosis is crucial in the right management of shoulder dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out the efficacy of integrating the MRI for the accurate diagnosis and impact of this on rendering the effective physical therapy interventions in shoulder dysfunction patients.Methods: A retrospective study conducted on 14 patients who undergone an MRI with a 1.5 T unit MAGNETOM Symphony (Siemens), for their shoulder pain, where the diagnosis might be Muscle tears like, subscapularis, infraspinatus,supraspinatus and teres minor muscles; subacromial or subdeltoid bursitis and labral tears were included. All the subjects were then continued with usual physical therapy treatments for four weeks depending on their diagnosis which includes; advice, stretching, mobilization and strengthening exercises, manual therapy, massage, strapping, and electrotherapy . The outcome measures documented from the case sheet were; Visual Analogue Scale grade and passive range of motion of shoulder external / internal rotation and abduction.Results: Paired t test was used to compare the PROM between pre rehabilitation and post rehabilitation testing and the non parametric test, Mann Whitney U test was used for the comparison of VAS. All patients showed a significant improvement in VAS and PROM of abduction, internal and external rotation following physical therapy (P≤ 0.05). Conclusion: MRI is found to be a reliable method of diagnostic procedure for the shoulder pain and the integration of MRI and physical therapy to treat shoulder dysfunction leads to a better outcome.
Single-cell analysis reveals new subset markers of murine peritoneal macrophages and highlights macrophage dynamics upon Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis

Resident macrophages play a central role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. Here, we used single cell-based qPCR coupled with flow cytometry analysis to further define the phenotypes of large and small resident peritoneal macrophages (LPMs and SPMs, respectively) in mice. We demonstrated that the expression of Cxcl13, IfngR1, Fizz-1 and Mrc-1 clearly distinguished between LPMs and SPMs subsets. Using these markers, the dynamics of peritoneal macrophages in a Staphylococcus aureus-induced peritonitis model were analyzed. We found that S. aureus infection triggers a massive macrophage disappearance reaction in both subsets. Thereafter, inflammatory monocytes rapidly infiltrated the cavity and differentiated to replenish the SPMs. Although phenotypically indistinguishable from resident SPMs by flow cytometry, newly recruited SPMs had a different pattern of gene expression dominated by M2 markers combined with M1 associated features (inos expression). Interestingly, S. aureus elicited SPMs showed a robust expression of Cxcl13, suggesting that these cells may endorse the role of depleted LPMs and contribute to restoring peritoneal homeostasis. These data provide information on both resident and recruited macrophages dynamics upon S. aureus infection and demonstrate that single-cell phenotyping is a promising and highly valuable approach to unraveling macrophage diversity and plasticity.
Measurement Issues: Screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders - lessons from research and practice.

BACKGROUND AND SCOPE Significant progress has been made over the past two decades in the development of screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This article reviews this progress, including recent innovations, focussing on those instruments for which the strongest research data on validity exists, and then turns to addressing issues arising from their use in clinical settings. FINDINGS Research studies have evaluated the ability of screens to prospectively identify cases of ASD in population-based and clinically-referred samples, as well as the accuracy of diagnostic instruments to map onto 'gold standard' clinical best estimate diagnosis. However, extension of the findings to clinical services must be done with caution, with a full understanding that instrument properties are sample-specific. Furthermore, we are limited by the lack of a true test for ASD, which remains a behaviourally-defined disorder. In addition screening and diagnostic instruments help clinicians least in the cases where they are most in want of direction, since their accuracy will always be lower for marginal cases. CONCLUSION Instruments help clinicians to collect detailed, structured information and increase accuracy and reliability of referral for in-depth assessment and recommendations for support, but further research is needed to refine their effective use in clinical settings.
Emergence of a community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with unique resistance profile in Southwest of Nigeria

Pheno-, genotypic and toxin gene analysis has not been done yet all in one for Nigerian Staphylococcus aureus population. This study provides a comprehensive overview on the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of S. aureus at the largest university clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria. At the University Teaching Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria, out of 1300 patients’ clinical samples 346 non-duplicate S. aureus isolates were obtained during the 1-year surveillance in 2007. All isolates underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing, toxin gene analysis, MLST (multilocus sequence typing), agr group and spa typing. And for MRSA SCCmec typing was performed. 20.23% of the 346 isolates were methicillin-resistant. 33 patients’ isolates (47.15%) fulfilled the definition criteria for CA-MRSA according to the review of the medical charts. The majority of MRSA strains analyzed were isolated from surgical and paediatric patients. The commonest types of infection identified with MRSA were surgical site infections (>70%) whereas for CA-MRSA were conjunctivitis and otitis in 19 patients (57.6%) and accidental skin and subcutaneous tissue infection in 14 patients (42.4 %). The MSSA strains (ST1, ST5, ST15, ST7, ST8, ST25, ST30, ST72, ST80, ST121 and ST508) were heterogeneous by phenoand genotypic analysis. The first report and genetic analyses of PVL-positive ST88 strain (agr III, SCCmec IV) in Nigeria is shown in this study. ST88 was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole besides to penicillin and oxacillin. CA-MRSA infections are rapidly increasing among young patients with ophthalmologic and auricular infections. Urban regions of lower socioeconomic status and evidence of overcrowding appear to be at higher risk for the emergence of this clone.
Differentially amplitude and phase-encoded QAM for the correlated Rayleigh-fading channel with diversity reception

This paper studies the differentially amplitude and phase-encoded (DAPE) quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transmission over correlated Rayleigh channels with diversity reception. Operating over two successive received symbols, the optimum and an asymptotic maximum-likelihood (AML) differentially coherent receiver are developed and compared with a conventional switched diversity combining (SDC) grid receiver. It is shown that the AML and SDC grid receivers are much simpler in complexity than the optimum receiver in that no channel side information is required in their realization. An exact expression of the bit-error probability (BEP) is obtained for the SDC grid receiver. Based on a union bound argument, a BEP upper bound for the AML receiver is also derived and verified by simulation. Numerical results on 16- and 64-point constellations show that the AML receiver exhibits an almost optimum performance and the SDC grid receiver with a small level of diversity is nearly optimum. It is also shown by simulation that the conventional equal-gain diversity receiver is almost optimal for demodulating a 16-point DAPE QAM signal.
Essential thrombocythemia with ringed sideroblasts: a heterogeneous spectrum of diseases, but not a distinct entity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES According to the recently published WHO-classification essential thrombocythemia with ringed sideroblasts (ET/RS) remains an ambiguous category which may be considered as myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease, unclassifiable. Because until now only case reports or very small series of patients have been described, a more systematically performed study is warranted. DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective evaluation was carried out on 38 patients with the diagnosis of ET/RS and more than 15 % ringed sideroblasts on smears. Simultaneously performed bone marrow biopsies, follow-up examinations and survival data were also available. RESULTS Based on cytological features and particular bone marrow findings including immunohistochemistry three patterns could be determined. These were associated with different clinical features and in particular prognosis. Group I included six patients whose diagnosis was consistent with ET, group II comprised 21 patients revealing prefibrotic and early fibrotic chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF) and finally 11 patients (group III) displayed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Follow-up studies revealed that no patient with ET showed a fiber increase but eight CIMF patients developed overt myelofibrosis and four patients of the MDS group developed secondary acute myeloid leukemia. In comparison with a control group of 39 patients with true ET, prognosis was significantly different because our cohort showed a median survival of 100 months that contrasted significantly with the 170 months in the patients with true ET. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Ringed sideroblasts are not a pathognomonic feature of MDS, but may indicate a dysplasia probably associated with a primary or secondary disturbance of iron metabolism in a variety of disorders. For this reason, a more accurate classification of so-called ET/RS patients is warranted by evaluation of smears and in particular bone marrow biopsy specimens. According to our findings these patients should be classified as having either ET, CIMF or MDS and show a significantly different survival pattern.