Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE SPECTRUM OF ISOTROPIC DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION BETWEEN 100 MeV AND 820 GeV

The γ-ray sky can be decomposed into individually detected sources, diffuse emission attributed to the interactions of Galactic cosmic rays with gas and radiation fields, and a residual all-sky emission component commonly called the isotropic diffuse γ-ray background (IGRB). The IGRB comprises all extragalactic emissions too faint or too diffuse to be resolved in a given survey, as well as any residual Galactic foregrounds that are approximately isotropic. The first IGRB measurement with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) used 10 months of sky-survey data and considered an energy range between 200 MeV and 100 GeV. Improvements in event selection and characterization of cosmic-ray backgrounds, better understanding of the diffuse Galactic emission (DGE), and a longer data accumulation of 50 months allow for a refinement and extension of the IGRB measurement with the LAT, now covering the energy range from 100 MeV to 820 GeV. The IGRB spectrum shows a significant high-energy cutoff feature and can be well described over nearly four decades in energy by a power law with exponential cutoff having a spectral index of 2.32 ± 0.02 and a break energy of (279 ± 52) GeV using our baseline DGE model. The total intensity attributed to the IGRB is (7.2 ± 0.6) × 10−6 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 above 100 MeV, with an additional +15%/−30% systematic uncertainty due to the Galactic diffuse foregrounds.
GALAXY EVOLUTION IN THE MID-INFRARED GREEN VALLEY: A CASE OF THE A2199 SUPERCLUSTER

We study the mid-infrared (MIR) properties of the galaxies in the A2199 supercluster at z = 0.03 to understand the star formation activity of galaxy groups and clusters in the supercluster environment. Using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data, we find no dependence of mass-normalized integrated star formation rates of galaxy groups/clusters on their virial masses. We classify the supercluster galaxies into three classes in the MIR color–luminosity diagram: MIR blue cloud (massive, quiescent, and mostly early-type), MIR star-forming sequence (mostly late-type), and MIR green valley galaxies. These MIR green valley galaxies are distinguishable from the optical green valley galaxies in the sense that they belong to the optical red sequence. We find that the fraction of each MIR class does not depend on the virial mass of each group/cluster. We compare the cumulative distributions of surface galaxy number density and cluster/group-centric distance for the three MIR classes. MIR green valley galaxies show the distribution between MIR blue cloud and MIR star-forming (SF) sequence galaxies. However, if we fix galaxy morphology, early- and late-type MIR green valley galaxies show different distributions. Our results suggest a possible evolutionary scenario of these galaxies: (1) late-type MIR SF sequence galaxies → (2) late-type MIR green valley galaxies → (3) early-type MIR green valley galaxies → (4) early-type MIR blue cloud galaxies. In this sequence, the star formation of galaxies is quenched before the galaxies enter the MIR green valley, and then morphological transformation occurs in the MIR green valley.
Decreased S 100 B expression in chronic liver diseases

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. pISSN 1226-3303 eISSN 2005-6648 http://www.kjim. org Korean J Intern Med 2017;32:269-276 https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2015. 296
The Hall property D π is inherited by overgroups of π-Hall subgroups

Let π be a set of primes. We say that a finite group G is a Dπgroup if the maximal π-subgroups of G are conjugate. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to Problem 17.44(b) from “Kourovka notebook”, namely we prove that in a Dπ-group an overgroup of a π-Hall subgroup is always a Dπ-group.
Experience of M é decins Sans Fronti è res in laboratory medicine in resource-limited settings

In medical humanitarian assistance, the diagnosis of diseases plays a crucial role. Laboratory investigations are one of the main diagnostic tools utilized in M é decins Sans Fronti è res ’ (MSF) programs. Currently MSF supports and/ or operates more than 130 laboratories in approximately 45 countries. The variety of analysis offered depends largely on the context of the program and the availability of context adapted tools and ranges from sophisticated laboratories specializing in tuberculosis culture to small laboratories within a primary health care program or operating as mobile clinics. The largest laboratories in MSF are found in programs with the main objective to diagnose, treat and monitor patients with tuberculosis and/or human immunodefi ciency virus. Other MSF programs are either disease-specifi c (e.g., malaria, Chagas, kala azar or visceral leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness, malnutrition, sexually transmitted infections) or are integrated in primary or secondary health care structures.
Child protection and out of home care: Policy, practice, and research connections Australia and New Zealand

This article provides an outline of the early development of care and protection in Australia and New Zealand as a backdrop to an overview of child protection systems and policies and the current child protection profile in both countries. Key issues that have become the focus of policy reform are canvassed and legislative and policy initiatives to promote child safety as well as strengthen families are elaborated. An overview of trends in relation to out of home care, including routes into care, care arrangements and permanency policies is provided. The article profiles selected research studies from Australia focusing on outcomes of care: stability of care, mental health and educational outcomes of looked after children, abuse in care, and routes out of care through reunification and aging out. Other issues treated are the overrepresentation of indigenous children in care systems in both countries and the challenges of maintaining cultural connections. The article concludes with a brief comparative analysis identifying similarities and differences in child welfare systems in both countries.
Neuromarketing: the next step in market research?

Neuromarketing is an emerging interdisciplinary field connecting psychology and neuroscience with economics. The goal of neuromarketing is to study how the brain is physiologically affected by advertising and marketing strategies. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies, brain activity resulting from viewing an advertisement is monitored and measured using neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Neuromarketing studies usually measure preference between products in terms of brand familiarity or product preference. In traditional marketing studies, measures such as the product preference for a particular advertisement is sometimes difficult to measure, as a viewer may hold a cognitive bias. However, brand familiarity and product preference have been correlated with neural activity. The field of neuromarketing is still viewed with caution from consumer protection groups as well as many academics due to the possible ethical implications of designing advertisements to intentionally cause specific neurological effects.
O C ] 4 S ep 2 01 2 Quenching Time Optimal Control for Some Ordinary Differential Equations ∗

This paper concerns some time optimal control problems of three different ordinary differential equations in R2. Corresponding to certain initial data and controls, the solutions of the systems quench at finite time. The goal to control the systems is to minimize the quenching time. To our best knowledge, the study on quenching time optimal control problems has not been touched upon. The purpose of this study is to obtain the existence and the Pontryagin maximum principles of optimal controls. We hope that our methods could hint people to study the same problems with more general vector fields in Rd with d ∈ N. We also wish that our results could be extended to the same issue for parabolic equations.
Quantum computing and polynomial equations over the finite field Z_2

What is the computational power of a quantum computer? We show that determining the output of a quantum computation is equivalent to counting the number of solutions to an easily computed set of polynomials defined over the finite field Z_2. This connection allows simple proofs to be given for two known relationships between quantum and classical complexity classes.
Path model for an extremal weight module over the quantized hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra of rank 2

Abstract Let be a hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra of rank 2, and set where are the fundamental weights. Denote by the extremal weight module of extremal weight λ with the extremal weight vector, and by the crystal basis of with the element corresponding to We prove that (i) is connected, (ii) the subset of elements of weight μ in is a finite set for every integral weight μ, and (iii) every extremal element in is contained in the Weyl group orbit of (iv) is irreducible. Finally, we prove that the crystal basis is isomorphic, as a crystal, to the crystal of Lakshmibai-Seshadri paths of shape λ.
International Corporate Diversification, Market Valuation, and Size-Adjusted Evidence

Errunza and Senbet [ES, 7] analyze the effects of international operations on the market value of the firm both at theoretical and empirical levels. The theoretical model, which is largely heuristic, exploits the costly supply adjustment of multinational firms (MNCs) in providing international portfolio diversification services to investors who face differential cost barriers to direct holdings of assets across national boundaries. MNCs compete as financial intermediaries to undo the barriers so that, in equilibrium, profits are driven out; MNCs and pure domestic firms sell at an equivalent risk-adjusted return. However, costly financial intermediation and the associated relative efficiency leads to a positive valuation effect for MNCs relative to purely domestic firms. Further, the equilibrium analysis implies that demand-side (investor) barriers to international capital flows alone are inconsequential to the valuation of MNCs in their pure financial role, but that the interaction with the supply-side costs are necessary to produce a valuation effect at the corporate level. ES subject the theory to an empirical analysis in a value-based approach by employing a variant of Tobin's [17] qratio. The analysis, controlling for industrial market power, suggests that the relationship between the excess valuation and the degree of international involvement (DOI) has magnified over periods characterized by severe U.S. government controls vis-a-vis the more recent periods. In this paper we formalize the theoretical argument by viewing indirect portfolio diversification by MNCs as a means of completing the international capital market. We employ a paradigm in the unanimity literature and formally characterize the equilibrium in which there is a rationale for MNC financial intermediation. We then perform an expanded empirical study by employing generalized least squares and maximum likelihood procedures. Since the positive relationship between excess valuation and DOI (as suggested in ES [7]) might be attributed to the so-called "small firm" or size and the P/E effects, the test methodology controls for such effects. Also, the traditional literature has relied upon foreign sales percentage as a proxy for DOI. In view of the well recognized limitations of this proxy, we employ four different measures of international
Impact of organizational justice on citizenship behavior: Mediating role of faculty trust

The purpose of the study was to explore the mediating role of faculty trust in the relationship between organizational justice and teachers’ citizenship behavior in university teacher-education faculties in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The participants of the study were teacher-educators (lecturers, assistant professors, associate professors, professors) teaching at the Education Faculties of twelve universities (eight in public and four in the private sector) offering at least master’s degree program in Education. The strategy for selecting sample was stratified proportionate random sampling. The instruments of data collection were adapted for the study based on Organizational Justice Scale by Niehoff and Moorman (1993), Faculty Trust Scale by Hoy and TschannenMoran (2003), and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale by Podsakoff et al. (1990). The proposed model was then tested through mediation analysis. The results indicated that the effect of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior was significantly mediated through faculty trust. The finding implies that positive perception of organizational justice not only strengthens faculty trust, but this fortified trust also stimulates teachers’ citizenship behavior. It also signifies the value of justice in an educational organization.
Experimental investigation of flow pattern and sediment deposition in 1 rectangular shallow reservoirs 2

6 This work involved the experimental investigation of flow pattern, preferential regions of 7 deposition and trap efficiency as a function of the length of rectangular shallow reservoirs. 8 Four flow patterns were identified (from longer to shorter reservoirs): an asymmetric flow 9 with two reattachment points, an asymmetric flow with one reattachment point, an unstable 10 flow, and a symmetric flow without any reattachment point. Using dye visualizations, the 11 median value and the temporal variability of the reattachment lengths were precisely 12 measured for the asymmetric flows. For each stable flow, sediment tests with plastic particles 13 were carried out. The regions of deposition on the bed of the reservoir were clearly a function 14 of the flow pattern. The transition from an asymmetric flow pattern to a symmetric flow 15 pattern was responsible for an abrupt decrease of the trap efficiency; a number of regression 16 laws were discussed to take it into account. 17 18
Numerical investigation of shot-noise suppression in diffusive conductors

We present a numerical study of shot noise in diffusive mesoscopic conductors, aimed at a quantitative understanding of the conditions needed for achieving the 1/3 suppression factor predicted from random matrix theory. We investigate both two-dimensional and three-dimensional conductors, with a hard-wall model in which elastic scatterers are represented by randomly positioned obstacles. Finally, we discuss the effect on noise of obstacles of finite height, comparable with the Fermi level, and comment on the possibility of similar effects in wires obtained by means of electrostatic depletion in modulation doped semiconductor heterostructures.
Herschel/SPIRE observations of the dusty disk of NGC 4244

We present Herschel/SPIRE images at 250, 350, and 500 mu m of NGC 4244, a typical low-mass, disk-only and edge-on spiral galaxy. The dust disk is clumpy and shows signs of truncation at the break radius of the stellar disk. This disk coincides with the densest part of the Hi disk. We compare the spectral energy distribution (SED), including the new SPIRE fluxes, to 3D radiative transfer models; a smooth model disk and a clumpy model with embedded heating. Each model requires a very high value for the dust scale-length (h(d) = 2-5 h(*)), higher dust masses than previous models of NGC 4244 (M-d = 0.47-1.39 x 10(7) M-circle dot) and a face-on optical depth of tau(f.o.)(V) = 0.4-1.12, in agreement with previous disk opacity studies. The vertical scales of stars and dust are similar. The clumpy model much better mimics the general morphology in the sub-mm images and the general SED. The inferred gas-to-dust mass ratio is compatible with those of similar low-mass disks. The relatively large radial scale-length of the dust disk points to radial mixing of the dusty ISM within the stellar disk. The large vertical dust scale and the clumpy dust distribution of our SED model are both consistent with a scenario in which the vertical structure of the ISM is dictated by the balance of turbulence and self-gravity.
Smart or Selfish - When Smart Guys Finish Nice

In three different variants of an one-shot public good game I analyze the relationship between cooperation and cognitive abilities, assessed through the cognitive reflection test (CRT). In a between-subjects design, the baseline case is contrasted with two treatment conditions that allow to control for two potentially moderating factors: By employing a test for the presence of confusion, the first condition scrutinizes whether higher cognitive abilities are correlated with cooperation proper or simply grant a better understanding of the incentive structure. The second condition explores the proposition that the link between cognitive abilities and cooperation could depend on the complexity of the decision situation. To exogenously create a cognitively more demanding choice setting, subjects had to decide under time pressure. I find a strong and positive relationship between CRT-scores and cooperation, that is not driven by confusion. Time pressure has a strongly moderating effect on this relationship.
The Ramified analytical Hierarchy using Extended Logics

The use of Extended Logics to replace ordinary second order definability in Kleene’s Ramified Analytical Hierarchy is investigated. This mirrors a similar investigation of Kennedy, Magidor and Väänänen [11] where Gödel’s universe L of constructible sets is subjected to similar variance. Enhancing second order definability allows models to be defined which may or may not coincide with the original Kleene hierarchy in domain. Extending the logic with game quantifiers, and assuming strong axioms of infinity, we obtain minimal correct models of analysis. A wide spectrum of models can be so generated from abstract definability notions: one may take an abstract Spector Class and extract an extended logic for it. The resultant structure is then a minimal model of the given kind of definability.
Mixed-layer illite / smectite : A multiphase model

Comparison of the inferred chemical compositions of solubility-controllng, mica-like phases with those of apparent phases in natural, hydrothermal materials suggests the existence of four illitic layer (ordering) types [S (R0), IS (Rl), ISII (R = 3) and I] that behave as discrete, thermodynamic phases. MixedJayer I/S is apparently a mixture of one or more of these phases. According to the fundamental particle hypothesis, the various layer (ordering) types represent different particle thicknesses (e.g., IS, 20 A; IS[, 40 A). The multiphase illite model proposes that these particles, including their smectitic edges, are metastable phases. As crystal growth proceeds, phases having greater stability and particle thickness appear in accordance with Ostwald's step rule and Ostwald ripening, respectively.
Study of Neuropilin-1/cd304 Expression in Leukemogenesis

Neuropilins are transmembrane glycoproteins that act as receptors for vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and are involved in the process of tumor angiogenesis. Its importance in hematological malignancies such as acute leukemia (AL) remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of neuropilin-1 expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients by flowcytometry and the difference between both groups of acute leukemia. Bone marrow aspirates of 52 patients with acute leukemia, 29 patients with de novo AML and 23 ALL patients were examined in this study. 15 subjects with non-hematological malignancy serving as the control group were also included. Neuropilin-1 expression by flow cytometry showed a highly significant increase in de novo AML and ALL patients with a mean of 37.9 ± 20.92% and 32.33±19.8%, respectively, compared to control group’s mean of 11.51 ± 3.04% (p= 0.001, 0.006). There were no statistically significanct difference between ALL and AML patients (p= 0.76). Neuropilin-1 surface expression by flowcytometry showed a significant positive correlation with total leukocyte count, bone marrow blast percentage, CD45 and CD14 and negative correlation with hemoglobin level, RBCs count in AML patients. In ALL patients, positive significant correlations were found with bone marrow blast percentage and negative correlation with hemoglobin level, RBCs count. Neuropilin-1expression was detected significantly in acute leukemias and it is related to the disease severity. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-17-1825 Corresponding Author: Elsayed Mostafa Ali, Assistant Prof. of Clinical Oncology, Sohag University. Email: Sayedmostafa07@hotmail.com
Normative Data for Oromotor Skills of Children Aged Three to Six Years

Cor res pon den ce Ad dress/Ya z›fl ma Ad re si: Figen Turan MD, Hacettepe University, Health sciences Institute, Division of Child Development, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 305 30 53 E-mail: fturan@hacettepe.edu. tr Re cei ved/Ge liş ta ri hi: 24.08. 2011 Ac cep ted/Ka bul ta ri hi: 01.03. 2012 © Arc hi ves of Neu ropsy chi atry, pub lis hed by Ga le nos Pub lis hing / © Nö rop si ki yat ri Ar şi vi Der gi si, Ga le nos Ya yı ne vi ta ra f›n dan ba s›l m›fl t›r. ABS TRACT Objective: Oral motor assessment should be performed for children, with communication disorders. Children with difficulties in expressive language should be assessed for any motor disorder, which may lead to speech disorder. It is remarkable that, there is limited number of studies performed in our country on the assessment of speech structure of young children. The purpose of this study was to provide clinicians with information about the ages of development of such skills; which can be used in conjunction with normative information already available, to provide a comprehensive description of oromotor functioning and to help decisions concerning treatment planning and differential diagnosis of speech, especially neuromotor, speech disorders. Methods: In this study, we used the oromotor assessment approach, which considers sequenced oral movements and isolated oral movements in context.188 children between the ages of 3.0 and 6.0 years were randomly included in the study. Subjects were excluded if they had any known pre-existing speech and/or language disorder, hearing loss or neurological disease. Results: The results of the study showed a developmental maturation of oromotor abilities up to age of 4.0 years in addition, a wide variation in abilities was noted in children aged 4.0 to 4.5 years. Conclusion: A careful attention should be paid to interpreting poor oromotor abilities observed in young children. Normative data help clinicians in determining the problem and planning the treatment. In addition, sub items of OM assessment could be used to identify areas in which the child is incapable. (Arc hi ves of Neu ropsy chi atry 2013; 50: 45-52)