Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD-Search: protein domain annotations on the fly

We describe the Conserved Domain Search service (CD-Search), a web-based tool for the detection of structural and functional domains in protein sequences. CD-Search uses BLAST(R) heuristics to provide a fast, interactive service, and searches a comprehensive collection of domain models. Search results are displayed as domain architecture cartoons and pairwise alignments between the query and domain-model consensus sequences. Search results may be visualized in further detail by embedding the query sequence into multiple alignment displays and by mapping onto three-dimensional molecular graphic displays of known structures within the domain family. CD-Search can be accessed at http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi.
Evaluation of the environments for health framework

Environments for Health, Five Years On… Since its release in 2001, Victoria’s Environments for Health Municipal Public Heath Planning Framework, has represented a leading edge approach to supporting quality public health planning at the local government level. In 2006 the Department of Human Services appointed an external evaluation team from Deakin and Melbourne Universities to assess the introduction of the Environments for Health framework to municipal public health planning and to make recommendations for its future direction. The evaluation aimed to determine the extent to which Environments for Health and related implementation activities had: * been incorporated by local governments in their policies and practices * created greater opportunities for health gain, and * been supported effectively by the Department of Human Services and other stakeholders The evaluation project involved participation from a broad range of key stakeholders, including all local Councils within Victoria. Data collection covered four distinct stages - document analysis, key informant interviews, state-wide survey of practitioners, and council and stakeholder forums, all with opportunities for input to the evaluation.
Stage of change of exercise affects health-related quality of life.

This study examines the relationship between exercise and Health-related Quality of Life (HR-QOL). The HR-QOL was evaluated through a questionnaire survey, the SF-36, which is used world wide as a measure of HR-QOL. Normative data were gained from a lay away plan survey using a questionnaire containing the SF-36 and a stage of change for exercise (SCE). The questionnaire was sent to 1000 randomly selected subjects aged 20 or above with a response rate of 48.3% (n=483) at the baseline and 33.65% (n=257) at the 2-year follow-up stage. Findings suggest the SCE transition was associated with General Health and Vitality, while subjects who displayed a physically active lifestyle showed an increased tendency in Physical Functioning and Mental Health.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α enhances the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α‐mediated activation of transcription

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1alpha (HNF1alpha) and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) are two liver-enriched transcription factors coexpressed in specific tissues where they play a crucial role through their involvement in a complex cross-regulatory network. HNF1alpha down regulates HNF4alpha-mediated activation of transcription via a direct protein-protein interaction. Here we show that HNF4alpha enhances the transcriptional activity of HNF1alpha in a DNA binding independent manner, thus indicating that it behaves as a HNF1alpha coactivator. Using mutations in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of HNF4alpha, we confirmed the involvement of the Activation Function 2 module and demonstrated the requirement of the integrity of the LBD for the interaction with HNF1alpha. Moreover, we show that HNF4alpha cooperates with p300 to achieve the highest HNF1alpha-mediated transcription rates. Our findings highlight a new way by which HNF4alpha can regulate gene expression and extend our knowledge of the complexity of the transcriptional network involving HNF4alpha and HNF1alpha.
Review of immediate angioplasty after fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: insights from the RESCUE I, RESCUE II, and other contemporary clinical experiences.

BACKGROUND Prompt restoration of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow improves survival in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Fibrinolytic therapy fails to restore TIMI 3 flow within 90 minutes in 40% to 50% of patients. Because the results of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for MI seem to be improving, a reevaluation of the role of PCI after fibrinolytic therapy for MI appears to be warranted. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from all 9 randomized controlled trials (including new data from 4 trials) of rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) versus conservative therapy after fibrinolytic therapy (1456 patients), 4 contemporary registries of PCI in this setting (977 patients), and other germane studies are reviewed. PTCA after failed fibrinolysis (TIMI 0 to 1 flow) appears to reduce early severe heart failure (3. 8% vs 11.7%, P =.04) and improve survival over 1 year in patients with moderate to large MI (92% vs 87%, P =.001) and possibly reduces early repeat MI (4.3% vs 11.3%, P =.08). Assessment of the possible benefit of PTCA for TIMI 2 flow is hampered by the small number of patients randomly assigned. Repeat MI may be decreased and left ventricular functional recovery enhanced. PTCA early after successful fibrinolysis is nearly always technically successful and may reduce repeat MI and hospital length of stay. However, it must be recalled that randomized trials from the 1980s suggested increased mortality rates with PTCA after restoration of TIMI 2 to 3 flow with fibrinolysis. Data from contemporary randomized studies of stents and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors suggest that PCI as performed today may yield better results than those reviewed. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a probable benefit of rescue PTCA in several distinct scenarios and that the pivotal mid-1980s studies suggesting no benefit or harm for PTCA after fibrinolytic therapy may no longer be relevant. The role of mechanical intervention in the treatment of patients treated in these settings should be reassessed.
Hue Contrast and the Sense of Space

Does human vision deploy a generic template for open landscapes that might fit the gist of current optical input? In an experiment, participants judged depth order in split-field images in which the two fuzzily delineated half-images were filled with different hues. For the majority of observers, we find a systematic dependence of depth order of these half-images on their hue and/or brightness difference. After minor cleaning of the data, we are left with two mutually well-separated clusters. Correlation with the statistical distribution of hue and brightness in generic “open landscape” photographs reveals that one cluster correlates with hue, the other with brightness. This suggests that human observers indeed at least partly rely on “generic landscape” templates in the psychogenesis of their visual awareness.
Active Targeting of Sorafenib: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Testing of Drug‐Loaded Magnetic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Sorafenib is an anticancer drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hepatocellular and advanced renal carcinoma. The clinical application of sorafenib is promising, yet limited by its severe toxic side effects. The aim of this study is to develop sorafenib‐loaded magnetic nanovectors able to enhance the drug delivery to the disease site with the help of a remote magnetic field, thus enabling cancer treatment while limiting negative effects on healthy tissues. Sorafenib and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles by a hot homogenization technique using cetyl palmitate as lipid matrix. The obtained nanoparticles (Sor‐Mag‐SLNs) have a sorafenib loading efficiency of about 90% and are found to be very stable in an aqueous environment. Plain Mag‐SLNs exhibit good cytocompatibility, whereas an antiproliferative effect against tumor cells (human hepatocarcinoma HepG2) is observed for drug‐loaded Sor‐Mag‐SLNs. The obtained results show that it is possible to prepare stable Sor‐Mag‐SLNs able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation through the sorafenib cytotoxic action, and to enhance/localize this effect in a desired area thanks to a magnetically driven accumulation of the drug. Moreover, the relaxivity properties observed in water suspensions hold promise for Sor‐Mag‐SLN tracking through clinical magnetic resonance imaging.
Subtyping and grading of synovial sarcomas: a cyto-histopathologic correlation study

Introduction : Synovial sarcoma is a mesenchymal spindle cell tumor which displays variable epithelial differentiation, including glandular formation and has a specific chromosomal translocation t(X; 18). Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is increasingly accepted as a valid screening technique with high sensitivity and specificity in establishing the presence of malignancy and determining the mesenchymal nature of a lesion. Aims and Objectives: In this present study, cytological features, subtyping and grading were studied retrospectively from the histologically confirmed 14 cases of synovial sarcomas and then subsequently correlated our findings from histology section. Methods : This is a retrospective study conducted in Central Institute of Orthopedic (CIO) laboratory. A total 14 cases with a diagnosis of synovial sarcomas from CIO laboratory from past 4 years were retrieved and reviewed for cytohistological correlation, subtyping and grading of synovial sarcoma. Results: Out of total 14 cases of histological proven synovial sarcomas, 12 cases were exactly subtype on cytology. The cytological grading was only similar in 7 of 13 cases that were graded. Conclusion : FNAC is an important and useful tool in diagnosing and subtyping synovial sarcoma.
Profile of vitiligo patients attending a training and research hospital in Central Anatolia: A retrospective study

Clinical characteristics of vitiligo had been reported in different countries previously. This is the second report from Turkey and it is from a different region of Turkey, middle Anatolia, and a more detailed study. The age and sex of patients, onset age, duration, areas of involvement, course, clinical types and severity of the disease, family history of vitiligo, associated disorders, the values of vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, iron and hemoglobin, antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and positivity of viral markers were obtained from the records of the patients retrospectively. The study involved 93 vitiligo patients with a mean age of 37.4 ± 17.05 years. The median age of onset disease was 33 years and onset age of disease was significantly lower in women. Of the patients, 24.8% had family history. The most frequent form of vitiligo was vitiligo vulgaris. Facial involvement was the most common localization. Trunk involvement was significantly higher in women but anogenital involvement was significantly higher in men. Of the patients, 40.3% had another autoimmune disease, 19.7% of the patients had low ferritin levels, 12% had low iron levels, 9.9% had anemia, 4.9% had low vitamin B12 levels, 3.8% had low folic acid levels and 4.3% had positivity of viral markers. The age of onset and the incidence of family history were higher and sites of involvement according to sex were different from the published work. The knowledge of clinical characteristics, course and associated conditions of vitiligo may improve the approach of dermatologists to vitiligo patients.
THE USE OF ESTROGENS AND ANDROGENS IN ADVANCED MAMMARY CANCER: Clinical and Laboratory Study of One Hundred and Five Female Patients

Estrogens and androgens were used clinically in 105 female patients with either primary or recurrent inoperable mammary cancer who were, with few exceptions, ambulatory when first treated. Of this group, 55 have died of cancer and all survivors have evidence of persistent disease. Hence, the results were analyzed on the basis of temporary objective and subjective changes which occurred during one to twenty-four months' observation. In addition, various laboratory studies were made and analyzed in an attempt to evaluate the clinical changes which were observed. For various reasons, 44 patients were treated for less than one month. Since data on these patients were incomplete, they were excluded from this report. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Both Ulrich 1 and Loeser 2 in 1939 drew attention to the possible usefulness of androgens in the treatment of mammary cancer in the human female. Farrow and Woodard 3 in 1942 observed subjective, but no
The structures of non-CG-repeat Z-DNAs co-crystallized with the Z-DNA-binding domain, hZαADAR1

The Z-DNA conformation preferentially occurs at alternating purine-pyrimidine repeats, and is specifically recognized by Zα domains identified in several Z-DNA-binding proteins. The binding of Zα to foreign or chromosomal DNA in various sequence contexts is known to influence various biological functions, including the DNA-mediated innate immune response and transcriptional modulation of gene expression. For these reasons, understanding its binding mode and the conformational diversity of Zα bound Z-DNAs is of considerable importance. However, structural studies of Zα bound Z-DNA have been mostly limited to standard CG-repeat DNAs. Here, we have solved the crystal structures of three representative non-CG repeat DNAs, d(CACGTG)2, d(CGTACG)2 and d(CGGCCG)2 complexed to hZαADAR1 and compared those structures with that of hZαADAR1/d(CGCGCG)2 and the Zα-free Z-DNAs. hZαADAR1 bound to each of the three Z-DNAs showed a well conserved binding mode with very limited structural deviation irrespective of the DNA sequence, although varying numbers of residues were in contact with Z-DNA. Z-DNAs display less structural alterations in the Zα-bound state than in their free form, thereby suggesting that conformational diversities of Z-DNAs are restrained by the binding pocket of Zα. These data suggest that Z-DNAs are recognized by Zα through common conformational features regardless of the sequence and structural alterations.
Best kept secret in PMTCT: contraception to avert unintended pregnancies.

With prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) a top priority on the UNGASS agenda agencies have recommended a four-part strategy that includes preventing primary HIV infection in women; preventing unintended pregnancies in HIV-positive women; preventing mother-to-child transmission with antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis; and providing care treatment and support for HIV-infected women their infants and their families. There is broad international consensus that all four elements of the strategy are required to reach the UNGASS goal of reducing by 50 percent infant HIV infections by 2010. Yet the majority of resources and attention are targeted to PMTCT with ARVs such as the two-dose nevirapine regimen for HIV-positive pregnant women and their newborns. Consequently the prevention of unintended pregnancies in these same women is an undervalued and little-used strategy. As women of childbearing age account for nearly half the people living with HIV worldwide mounting evidence indicates that improving access to contraception for HIV-infected women who do not wish to get pregnant is an important and cost-effective way to prevent HIV-positive births. By extension such a strategy will also reduce abortions and the number of children orphaned by AIDS. (excerpt)
Engineering Photocrosslinkable Bicomponent Hydrogel Constructs for Creating 3D Vascularized Bone

Engineering bone tissue requires the generation of a highly organized vasculature. Cellular behavior is affected by the respective niche. Directing cellular behavior and differentiation for creating mineralized regions surrounded by vasculature can be achieved by controlling the pattern of osteogenic and angiogenic niches. This manuscript reports on engineering vascularized bone tissues by incorporating osteogenic and angiogenic cell‐laden niches in a photocrosslinkable hydrogel construct. Two‐step photolithography process is used to control the stiffness of the hydrogel and distribution of cells in the patterned hydrogel. In addittion, osteoinductive nanoparticles are utilized to induce osteogenesis. The size of microfabricated constructs has a pronounced effect on cellular organization and function. It is shown that the simultaneous presence of both osteogenic and angiogenic niches in one construct results in formation of mineralized regions surrounded by organized vasculature. In addition, the presence of angiogenic niche improves bone formation. This approach can be used for engineered constructs that can be used for treatment of bone defects.
A Dual Functional Scaffold Tethered with EGFR Antibody Promotes Neural Stem Cell Retention and Neuronal Differentiation for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation is a promising strategy to restore neuronal relays and neurological function of injured spinal cord because of the differentiation potential into functional neurons, but the transplanted NSCs often largely diffuse from the transplanted site and mainly differentiate into glial cells rather than neurons due to the adverse microenviornment after spinal cord injury (SCI). This paper fabricates a dual functional collagen scaffold tethered with a collagen‐binding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody to simultaneously promote NSCs retention and neuronal differentiation by specifically binding to EGFR molecule expressed on NSCs and attenuating EGFR signaling, which is responsible for the inhibition of differentiation of NSCs toward neurons. Compared to unmodified control scaffold, the dual functional scaffold promotes the adhesion and neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Moreover, the implantation of the dual functional scaffold with exogenous NSCs in rat SCI model can capture and retain NSCs at the injury sites, and promote the neuronal differentiation of the retained NSCs into functional neurons, and finally dedicate to improving motor function of SCI rats, which provides a potential strategy for synchronously promoting stem cell retention and differentiation with biomaterials for SCI repair.
Requirement for XLF/Cernunnos in alignment-based gap filling by DNA polymerases λ and μ for nonhomologous end joining in human whole-cell extracts

XLF/Cernunnos is a core protein of the nonhomologous end-joining pathway of DNA double-strand break repair. To better define the role of Cernunnos in end joining, whole-cell extracts were prepared from Cernunnos-deficient human cells. These extracts effected little joining of DNA ends with cohesive 5' or 3' overhangs, and no joining at all of partially complementary 3' overhangs that required gap filling prior to ligation. Assays in which gap-filled but unligated intermediates were trapped using dideoxynucleotides revealed that there was no gap filling on aligned DSB ends in the Cernunnos-deficient extracts. Recombinant Cernunnos protein restored gap filling and end joining of partially complementary overhangs, and stimulated joining of cohesive ends more than twentyfold. XLF-dependent gap filling was nearly eliminated by immunodepletion of DNA polymerase lambda, but was restored by addition of either polymerase lambda or polymerase mu. Thus, Cernunnos is essential for gap filling by either polymerase during nonhomologous end joining, suggesting that it plays a major role in aligning the two DNA ends in the repair complex.
Isolation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Single-Cell Sorting

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with more than 1,000,000 new cases and more than 410,000 deaths each year [38]; [39]. At present, breast cancer is mainly treated by surgical therapy as well as cytotoxic, hormonal and immunotherapeutic agents. These methods achieve response rates ranging from 60 to 80% for primary breast cancers and about 50% of metastases [22]; [24]. However, up to 20 to 70% of patients relapse within 5 years [10].
SOCIO-CULTURAL PRACTICES AND MALE INVOLVEMENT IN REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY IN RURAL GHANA. THE CAS

Passive male involvement in combating maternal mortality is rooted in socio-cultural practices and attempts to increase male participation in reducing maternal mortality have proven to be a daunting task. This study examined the effects of socio-cultural practices on male involvement in reducing maternal mortality in rural Ghana. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected for the study. The main methods used in data collection were structured interviews, focus group discussion and direct observation. The research revealed that male involvement in reducing maternal mortality was low. Polygamous marriages, the practice of “Dog kuli” and social stigma, are among the key socio-cultural practices that inhibit male involvement in reducing maternal mortality. The research notes that intensive public education, an increase in couple-friendly maternal health care services and increased engagement with traditional authorities on the need to modify some socio-cultural practices would help whip up male partners’ interest in promoting maternal health.
Work Profile of Community Health Extension Workers in Cross River State and implications for achieving MDG 4 and 5.

Introdution: The goal of significant reduction in maternal and child mortality could be achieved if national health services de-emphasizes vertical public health programs and services and strengthen community services9. Community based service are usually directed toward identification of at risk groups in the community such as pregnant women and children U5 years and provide them services not only in the health centers but also in the home. Studies have shown that those at greatest risk of high morbidity and mortality are least likely to make use of health services. A survey of caregiver knowledge of 19 key household and community practices in selected communities in Cross River showed that high proportion of mothers and caregivers lack appropriate health knowledge to correctly manage their sick children in the home7. Onjective: To identify where community health extension workers work and what services they are providing in primary health care Methodology: One hundred and forty one questionnaires were distributed among community health extension workers in two local governments in Cross River State. The instrument was simple structured self administered questionnaire. Results: The study showed that most of the community health extension workers (91%) were fully engaged with activities in the health centres ( Table 2) The study showed that community health extension workers were responsible for immunization, growth monitoring, antenatal and pregnancy care, and curative care (table 3). Although majority of the community health extension workers were aware that they should be working in community but when asked why they did not, their reply was that there was insufficient number of staff in health centers. (Table 4) Conclusion: Nigeria health system is concentrated on facility and curative based services. Community based health care is almost completely absent. The total involvement of community health extension workers in the health centres care rather than to work with mothers and caregivers will make the achievement of the millennium development goals for mothers and children as distant as it was 40 years ago when primary health care strategy was adopted for achievement of health for all in Nigeria. It is recommended that community health extension workers should be recruited to work in the communities. Keywords: Key household and community practices, community health extension worker