Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status of eye donation awareness and its associated factors among adults in rural pondicherry.

INTRODUCTION The value of anything is realized only when it is lost, one such thing is vision. Though all the causes of blindness can't be cured, corneal blindness can be reverted by corneal transplantation, for which a suitable donor cornea is required at right time. There is lack of awareness about eye donation among general population, so practice of eye donation is also lacking. Studies about awareness of eye donation among general population are lacking in rural India, keeping this in mind, present study was conducted. AIM To determine the awareness about eye donation and its associated factors among adults in rural Pondicherry, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at Rural Health and Training Centre (RHTC) of Community Medicine department. Total 196 adults visiting to RHTC were interviewed after obtaining informed written consent. Data were collected by investigator using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire in local language (Tamil). The data were analyzed using epi info 7 software. Chi-square test was used for statistical significance between awareness and socio-demographic factors like age, sex, education, occupation, etc. Ethical permission was obtained before conducting the study. RESULT Of 196 participants, 80.6% subjects were aware about eye donation. Education and occupation had significant association with awareness. Main source of information about eye donation was television (65.2%). The employed persons had significantly more awareness about the correct timing to donate eyes. Education and occupation were found to be the predictors for awareness about eye donation. CONCLUSION Although the awareness is good in this population, the quantum of people pledged is very low. To make the dream of converting the awareness into pledging and procurement of eyes, the knowledge about eye donation is highly required.
MR Imaging of Rotator Cuff Tears: Correlation with Arthroscopy.

INTRODUCTION Rotator cuff tears are quite common and can cause significant disability. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has now emerged as the modality of choice in the preoperative evaluation of patients with rotator cuff injuries, in view of its improved inherent soft tissue contrast and resolution. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of routine MRI in the detection and characterisation of rotator cuff tears, by correlating the findings with arthroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was carried out between July 2014 and August 2016 at the AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. A total of 82 patients were diagnosed with rotator cuff injury on MRI during this period, out of which 45 patients who underwent further evaluation with arthroscopy were included in this study. The data collected was analysed for significant correlation between MRI diagnosis and arthroscopic findings using kappa statistics. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and accuracy of MRI for the diagnosis of full and partial thickness tears were calculated using arthroscopic findings as the reference standard. RESULTS There were 27 males and 18 females in this study. The youngest patient was 22 years and the oldest was 74 years. Majority of rotator cuff tears (78%) were seen in patients above the age of 40 years. MRI showed a sensitivity of 89.6%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 83.3% for the diagnosis of full thickness rotator cuff tears. For partial thickness tears, MRI showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 86.6%, positive predictive value of 78.9% and negative predictive value of 100%. The accuracy was 93.1% for full thickness tears and 91.1% for partial thickness tears. The p-value was less than 0.01 for both full and partial thickness tears. There was good agreement between the MRI and arthroscopic findings, with kappa value of 0.85 for full thickness tears and 0.81 for partial thickness tears. CONCLUSION MRI revealed high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears with accuracy of 93.1% for full thickness tears and 91.1% for partial thickness tears. MRI provides useful information about the size and extent of the tear, involvement of adjacent structures, presence of muscle atrophy and tendon retraction, all of which have important therapeutic and prognostic implications.
MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN

One of the problems faced by Indonesia is educational quality in every schooling level. Educational quality in school is related to the teachers because teachers are the primary factor in learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to improve teacher professionalism in school. The effort to improve teacher professionalism is conducted through recruitment for the candidates through LPTK, knowledge improvement, and teacher's capability with advanced study or education and training and also learning quality improvement through teaching supervision by the principal and school supervisor. To improve educational quality can start from school using MPMBS concept. The indicator of educational quality, among others, is educational management system, a factor which includes professional education training system.
Mainstreaming genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes.

Cancer predisposition genes (CPGs) describe genes in which germline mutations result in increased risk of cancer. Over 100 CPGs have already been discovered and transformative advances in DNA analysis are leading to many new CPG discoveries. These fast, affordable methods for analysing the DNA sequence can also be utilised in diagnostics to increase substantially clinical testing of CPGs. In turn, this has potential to provide substantial cost-effective health benefits with respect to cancer treatment in people with the disease and cancer prevention in healthy individuals. In this review, I outline the clinical benefits of testing for CPGs and how increased testing can be achieved.
Role of neurophysiology in the clinical practice of primary pediatric headaches

The role of electrophysiological studies in pediatric headaches is controversial. In childhood headaches, neurophysiological examinations are of interest for potential clinical use because they are noninvasive and are scarcely influenced by environmental factors or drug use. Electrophysiological studies in childhood headache principally explored the role of electroencephalographic (EEG) evaluations in migraine, while less evidence has been reported about other neurophysiological techniques, such as evoked potentials, event‐related potentials, and, less often, transcranial magnetic stimulation. In this brief review, we point out our attention to the aid of neurophysiological methods in the clinical diagnosis of pediatric headaches. Although many examinations are actually of little value in the clinical setting, they may have a potential role in some clinical subgroups or in monitoring and evaluating the effects of pharmacological treatment. Drug Dev Res 68:389–396, 2007. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of Rape Myth Acceptance Among Male Clients of Female Street Prostitutes

Although female street prostitutes are frequent victims of violence, there has been little research on their male clients. This study explores the level of “rape myth acceptance” and the predictors of rape myth acceptance among 1,286 men arrested for trying to hire street prostitutes in San Francisco (n = 950), Las Vegas (n = 254), and Portland, Oregon (n = 82). Rape myths are attitudes believed to support sexual violence against women. Questionnaires were administered to arrested clients prior to participation in programs designed to discourage reoffense. Results indicate low levels of rape myth acceptance among respondents, although a small number expressed higher levels. The strongest predictors of rape myth acceptance in regression analyses were attraction to violent sexuality, sexual conservatism, and thinking about sex less frequently.
Importance of Sonographic Detection of Enlarged Abdominal Lymph Nodes in Children

Abdominal lymph nodes are frequently visualized by sonography in the pediatric population. The term “mesenteric lymphadenitis” is frequently used in the radiologic literature to describe this finding, whereas in the pediatric literature, this term is reserved for specific inflammation of the lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to compare by sonography the incidence of appearance of enlarged abdominal lymph nodes (EALNs) in healthy children compared with that in children with abdominal pain of various causes.
Rebreathing during oxygen treatment with face mask

The influence of different oxygen flow rates on ventilation and arterial blood gases was investigated in ten healthy volunteers during oxygen treatment with the Hudson® mask. Respiratory parameters were calculated using inductive plethysmography calibrated against pneumotachography. The minute ventilation was greater when using the mask with oxygen flow rates less than 5 1/min compared to when no mask was used. With an oxygen flow rate of 3 1/min, minute ventilation was about 140% of minute ventilation without face mask. With 0 1/min, minute ventilation increased to about 160%. The increase in minute ventilation was mainly due to an increase in tidal volume. No change was seen, however, in Paco2 with different oxygen flow rates. Secondary objective signs following an increase in respiratory work (changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation) were not seen. We recommend 5 1/min as the lowest oxygen flow rate to be used during oxygen therapy with the Hudson mask, in order to avoid rebreathing and excessive respiratory work.
Integration of Ultrasound in Medical Education at United States Medical Schools

Despite the rise of ultrasound in medical education (USMED), multiple barriers impede the implementation of such curricula in medical schools. No studies to date have surveyed individuals who are successfully championing USMED programs. This study aimed to investigate the experiences with ultrasound integration as perceived by active USMED directors across the United States.
Perceived Difficulty and Success Rate of Standard Versus Ultrasound‐Guided Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in a Novice Study Group

To our knowledge, no previous studies have evaluated the perceived levels of difficulty between traditional and ultrasound (US)‐guided peripheral intravenous (IV) access in the novice provider. We attempt to show that, in a group of medical students who have limited peripheral IV experience, US‐guided peripheral IV cannulation can be achieved more effectively and with a lesser degree of difficulty than standard peripheral IV cannulation.
Sip feed prescribing in primary care: an audit of current practice in Greater Glasgow Health Board, Glasgow, UK

Summary Background and aims: Prior to September 1995, prescribing of sip feeds had been increasing at a higher rate than any other part of the drugs bill. An increase in requests for information on the use of these products led the Prescribing Advisers Department to seek funding for a 1-year project to document current practice in this area and produce guidelines for GPs, their practice nurses and district nurses. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by GPs (n=52), district nurses (n=94) and dietetic departments (n= 8) concerning current practice. In addition, 90 patients were interviwed and in all but one instance case notes were also consulted. Results: The most significant findings were that Primary Care staff see palliative care as one of the main areas of usage of these products and that 40% of patients were found to have some degree of undernutrition. The majority of patients interviewed were elderly and 10% of patients interviewed were in nursing homes. A significant proportion of patients interviewed had commenced sip feeds whilst in hospital. The majority of patients reported receiving no advice on diet with only one GP making written dietary advice available to patients. Finally, district nurses view company representatives as the most useful source of information on these products. Conclusions: In response to these findings, the project included the development of a standard communication form from secondary to primary care, dietary information resource development, development of guidelines on oral nutrition support in Primary Care and GP and district nurse training
Three‐Dimensional HyCoSy With Perfluoropropane‐Albumin Microspheres as Contrast Agents and Normal Saline Injections Into the Pelvic Cavity for Morphological Assessment of the Fallopian Tube in Infertile Women

To apply the three‐dimensional (3D) hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography (HyCoSy) with perfluoropropane‐albumin microspheres as contrast agents and normal saline injections into the pelvic cavity for assessment of the tubal patency and adhesions of fimbrial parts.
Applications of Transcranial Color‐Coded Sonography in the Emergency Department

Transcranial color‐coded Doppler sonography is a noninvasive bedside ultrasound application that combines both imaging of parenchymal structures and Doppler assessment of intracranial vessels. It may aid in rapid diagnoses and treatment decision making of patients with intracranial emergencies in point‐of‐care settings. This pictorial essay illustrates the technical aspects and emergency department applications of transcranial color‐coded Doppler sonography, and provides some rationale for implementation of this technique into the emergency department practice.
Assessment of a Novel Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Curriculum's Effect on Competency Measures in Family Medicine Graduate Medical Education

Point‐of‐care ultrasound has been shown to decrease the use of expensive diagnostic studies and improve quality outcome measures. Currently, there is a large desire for training in family medicine residencies, but very few programs have established curricula. We sought to develop a family medicine residency curriculum and evaluate it with tools we developed. We wanted our curriculum to be easy to adopt by other residency programs, even if they did not have many well‐trained ultrasound faculty.
An Audit of Second‐Trimester Fetal Anomaly Scans Based on a Novel Image‐Scoring Method in the Southwest Region of the Netherlands

Since 2007 the second‐trimester fetal anomaly scan is offered to all pregnant women as part of the national prenatal screening program in the Netherlands. Dutch population–based screening programs generally have a well‐described system to achieve quality assurance. Because of the absence of a uniform system to monitor the actual performance of the fetal anomaly scan in 2012, we developed a standardized image‐scoring method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scanning performance of all sonographers in the southwestern region of the Netherlands using this image‐scoring method.
Using Family Health History for Chronic Disease Prevention in the Age of Genomics

Abstract Advances in the field of human genomics have important implications for the prevention of chronic disease. In response to these advancements, public health professionals-including health educators-must become competent in the principles underlying the interface between genomics and the use of family health history. Family health history captures the familial nature and incidence of chronic diseases and provides valuable insights on the risk for chronic diseases within the context of shared genes, environments, and behavior. The purpose of this article is to review family health history research as an important tool for assessing chronic disease risk; to provide information regarding its use in health education practice as a potential preventive tool; and to discuss the ethical, legal, and social implications of such use.
Treatment of overweight and obesity in children and youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a public health concern. One-third of North American children and youth are overweight or obese. We reviewed the evidence of behavioural and pharmacological weight-management interventions on body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and youth. METHODS We updated the search of a previous review. We searched 4 databases up to August 2013. We included randomized trials of primary care-relevant behavioural (diet, exercise, lifestyle) and pharmacological (orlistat) interventions for treating overweight and obesity in children and youth aged 2-18 years if 6-month post-baseline data were provided for BMI, BMI z-score or prevalence of overweight and obesity. In addition, we examined secondary health outcomes such as lipid and glucose levels, blood pressure, quality of life and physical fitness. We included any study reporting harms. We performed meta-analyses when possible, and we examined the features of interventions that showed benefits. RESULTS Thirty-one studies (29 behavioural, 2 pharmacological and behavioural) were included. Both intervention types showed a significant effect on BMI or BMI z-score in favour of treatment (behavioural: standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.73 to -0.36; orlistat plus behavioural: SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.25). Studies reported no significant difference between groups in the likelihood of reduced prevalence of overweight or overweight and obesity. Pooled estimates for blood pressure and quality of life showed significant benefits in favour of treatment (systolic blood pressure mean difference [MD] -3.42, 95% CI -6.65 to -0.29; diastolic blood pressure MD -3.39, 95% CI -5.17 to -1.60; quality of life MD 2.10, 95% CI 0.60 to 3.60). Gastrointestinal difficulties were more common in youth taking orlistat than in the control group (risk ratio 3.77, 95% CI 2.56 to 5.55). We saw much variability across efficacious interventions. INTERPRETATION Low- to moderate-quality evidence suggests behavioural treatments are associated with a medium effect in terms of reduced BMI or BMI z-score compared with a small effect shown by combined pharmacological-behavioural interventions. Future research should evaluate active weight maintenance interventions in adolescents with longer follow-up and examine the effectiveness of combined pharmacological and behavioural interventions. REGISTRATION PROSPERO no. CRD42012002754.
Screening rates for colorectal cancer in Canada: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION Implementation of population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs should reduce disparities in participation in CRC screening. We estimated CRC screening rates in 2012 in Canada and assessed predictors of screening in provinces with and without well-established population-based screening programs. METHODS We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey for 2012 to calculate the prevalence of up-to-date CRC screening, defined as fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) within 2 years before the survey or flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy within 10 years before the survey, or both. Weighted proportions of individuals with up-to-date screening were calculated and logistic regression analysis performed to assess predictors of up-to-date CRC screening, including differences in participation by income level. RESULTS The prevalence of up-to-date CRC screening among people 50-74 years of age in 2012 was 55.2%, ranging from 41.3% in the territories to 67.2% in the province of Manitoba. The rate for sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy was 37.2% (highest in Ontario, at 43.3%), and for FOBT it was 30.1% (highest in Manitoba, at 51.7%). About 41% of those who had an FOBT also had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Individuals in the highest income group were more likely than those in lower-income groups to be up to date with CRC screening, even in provinces with well-established population-based screening programs. INTERPRETATION More than half of Canadians were up to date with CRC screening in 2012, but there were large differences among provinces. Differences by income group in provinces with population-based screening programs need particular attention.
Breastfeeding difficulties and supports and risk of postpartum depression in a cohort of womenwho have given birth in Calgary: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND A link exists between breastfeeding difficulties and postpartum depression, and evidence shows that some breastfeeding promotion initiatives may increase maternal stress and contribute to risk of the condition. We conducted a prospective cohort study to determine whether breastfeeding difficulties affect the risk of postpartum depression and whether breastfeeding support modifies the relationship between breastfeeding difficulties and postpartum depression. METHODS Between June and October 2010, we recruited 442 women who intended to breastfeed from all maternity hospitals in Calgary within 72 hours of giving birth to full-term, singleton infants. We administered questionnaires at birth and 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum, measuring breastfeeding difficulties, exposure to breastfeeding supports and postpartum depression. We used qualitative inquiry to measure breastfeeding support experiences. Postpartum depression was defined as a score of 10 or greater on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or a self-reported diagnosis of depression in the first 6 months postpartum. RESULTS A total of 386 women (87.3%) reported moderate to severe breastfeeding difficulties and 437 (98.9%) received some form of breastfeeding advice, help or support. Among women with breastfeeding difficulties, those who did not report a negative breastfeeding support experience were at decreased risk of postpartum depression (risk ratio 0.36). In the final regression model a negative breastfeeding support experience was a significant effect modifier of the relationship between breastfeeding difficulties and postpartum depression. INTERPRETATION The quality of breastfeeding support is important not only for breastfeeding promotion but also for maternal mental health. Educating front-line caregivers to ensure that support experiences of breastfeeding women are positive can reduce the risk of postpartum depression.
Disease Severity and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Autoimmune Diseases in Pregnancy Project

Objective. To determine the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease severity on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with and without autoimmune diseases. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted using the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Autoimmune Diseases in Pregnancy Project. Pregnant women with RA enrolled between 2005 and 2013 were selected if they (1) delivered a live-born singleton infant; and (2) completed 3 telephone-based measures of RA disease severity prior to 20 weeks’ gestation, including the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), pain score, and patient’s global scale. Associations between RA disease severity and preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), or cesarean delivery were tested in unadjusted and multivariate analyses using modified Poisson regression models. Results. The sample consisted of 440 women with RA. Several unadjusted comparisons yielded significant associations. After adjustment for covariates, increasing disease severity was associated with risk for preterm delivery and SGA. For each unit increase in HAQ-DI (0–1), the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for preterm delivery increased by 58% (aRR 1.58, 95% CI 1.17–2.15). Among those with HAQ-DI > 0.5, the aRR for SGA was 1.81 (95% CI 1.01–3.33). Conclusion. RA disease severity in early pregnancy, as measured in this study, was predictive of preterm delivery and SGA. These findings suggest that the risk of preterm delivery and SGA in women with RA might be lowered if RA is well controlled early in pregnancy.