Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental capacity, good practice and the cyclical consent process in research involving vulnerable people

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 gives statutory force to the common law principle that all adults are assumed to have capacity to make decisions unless proven otherwise. In accord with best practice, this principle places the evidential burden on researchers rather than participants and requires researchers to take account of short-term and transient understandings common among some research populations. The aim of this paper is to explore some of the implications of the MCA 2005 for researchers working with 'vulnerable' populations in health and social care settings. The Cyclical Consent Model is described and offered as a process by which researchers might develop good practice when engaged in research involving vulnerable people.
School and Social Reintegration of Children with Cancer

A model intervention package was developed to facilitate the successful school and social reintegration of children and adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer. To evaluate the effectiveness of the package, 49 school-age children ranging in age from 5 to 17 years (mean age, 9.76) were assessed with various psychological measures before the intervention was initiated and again at followup (mean interim, 8.87 months). Data also were collected from parents, teachers, school records, and hysicians. A comparison control group was made up of 36 children who had been diagnosed within the 36 months before initiation of the project. Children in the control group were assessed once with identical psychological measures. Data from the intervention group before and after the intervention were compared with those obtained from the control group. In general, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements after receivine the intervention package. Children in the control group tended to exhibit poorer schoo.
Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion in an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision Sample

Background: Concussions are common in football, and knowledge of their incidence rates across settings is needed to develop strategies to decrease occurrence. Purpose: To examine sports-related concussion rates in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision sample based on the activity setting where injuries occurred, during which type of play, and when relative to the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Medical records from January 2006 to January 2015 for an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision program were analyzed. Concussion rates (per 1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) were compared among the following settings: spring practice, preseason training camp, regular season high-contact practice, regular season low-contact practice, bowl game practice, and game competition. Play-type analyses examined incidence rates during offensive, defensive, and special teams plays. Changes in concussion rate coinciding with the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy were also studied. Results: Of the 452 unique players on the roster during the 9-year study period, 118 (26.1%) were diagnosed with a concussion. The concussion rate during games was significantly higher than all practices combined (P < .001). However, when game rate (4.46 per 1000 AEs) was compared with preseason training camp alone (3.81 per 1000 AEs), there was no significant difference (P = .433). The concussion rate during special teams plays was significantly higher than that during offensive (P < .001) or defensive plays (P < .001). The concussion rate in the 4 seasons (2010-2014) after the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy was initiated was significantly higher than the 4 seasons (2006-2009) preceding the policy (P = .036). Conclusion: Study results show that (1) based on activity type, games and preseason training camp present the greatest risk of sustaining a concussion; (2) based on play type, special teams plays pose the greatest risk of sustaining a concussion; and (3) the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy coincided with a significant increase in recognition of concussion.
The Buttermilk Creek Complex and the Origins of Clovis at the Debra L. Friedkin Site, Texas

A large artifact assemblage dating to 15,000 years ago lies beneath a Clovis assemblage in central Texas. Compelling archaeological evidence of an occupation older than Clovis (~12.8 to 13.1 thousand years ago) in North America is present at only a few sites, and the stone tool assemblages from these sites are small and varied. The Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas, contains an assemblage of 15,528 artifacts that define the Buttermilk Creek Complex, which stratigraphically underlies a Clovis assemblage and dates between ~13.2 and 15.5 thousand years ago. The Buttermilk Creek Complex confirms the emerging view that people occupied the Americas before Clovis and provides a large artifact assemblage to explore Clovis origins.
Preserved Feedforward But Impaired Top-Down Processes in the Vegetative State

Discerning the neural correlates of (un)consciousness sheds light on the mechanisms underlying vegetative states. Frontoparietal cortex is involved in the explicit processing (awareness) of stimuli. Frontoparietal activation has also been found in studies of subliminal stimulus processing. We hypothesized that an impairment of top-down processes, involved in recurrent neuronal message-passing and the generation of long-latency electrophysiological responses, might provide a more reliable correlate of consciousness in severely brain-damaged patients, than frontoparietal responses. We measured effective connectivity during a mismatch negativity paradigm and found that the only significant difference between patients in a vegetative state and controls was an impairment of backward connectivity from frontal to temporal cortices. This result emphasizes the importance of top-down projections in recurrent processing that involve high-order associative cortices for conscious perception.
Bats Use Echo Harmonic Structure to Distinguish Their Targets from Background Clutter

Bats use temporal differences in sonar echoes to suppress interference from background clutter. When echolocating big brown bats fly in complex surroundings, echoes arriving from irrelevant objects (clutter) located to the sides of their sonar beam can mask perception of relevant objects located to the front (targets), causing “blind spots. ” Because the second harmonic is beamed more weakly to the sides than the first harmonic, these clutter echoes have a weaker second harmonic. In psychophysical experiments, we found that electronically misaligning first and second harmonics in echoes (to mimic the misalignment of corresponding neural responses to harmonics in clutter echoes) disrupts the bat’s echo-delay perception but also prevents clutter masking. Electronically offsetting harmonics to realign their neural responses restores delay perception but also clutter interference. Thus, bats exploit harmonics to distinguish clutter echoes from target echoes, sacrificing delay acuity to suppress masking.
Changing Korean Menopausal Women’s Awareness on Hormone Therapy: 7-years after Women’s Health Initiative Study

Youn-Jee Chung, M.D., Mee-Ran Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Hye-Won Jeong, M.D., Ph.D., Byung Koo Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Byung Suk Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Byung Moon Kang, M.D., Ph.D., Hoon Choi, M.D., Ph.D., Hyoung Moo Park, M.D., Ph.D., Jung Gu Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; The Study Group of Menopause
A dynamic solution to the inverse kinematic problem for redundant manipulators

Redundancy represents one key towards design and synthesis of more versatile manipulators. Obstacle avoidance and limited joint range constitute two kinds of constraints which can be potentially met by a kinematically redundant manipulator. The natural scenario is the inverse kinematic problem which is certainly a crucial point for robotic manipulator analysis and control. Based on a recently proposed dynamic solution technique, the inverse kinematic problem for redundant manipulators is solved in this paper. The kinematics of the manipulator is appropriately augmented in order to include the above mentioned constraints; the result is an efficient, fast dynamic algorithm which only makes use of the direct kinematics of the manipulator. Extensive simulation results illustrate the tracking performance for a given trajectory in the Cartesian space, while guaranteeing a collision-free trajectory and/or not violating a mechanical jointiimit.
A Partial Pelvis of Australopithecus sediba

Although it had a small brain and skull, Australopithecus sediba shows some human-like features in its reconstructed pelvis. The fossil record of the hominin pelvis reflects important evolutionary changes in locomotion and parturition. The partial pelves of two individuals of Australopithecus sediba were reconstructed from previously reported finds and new material. These remains share some features with australopiths, such as large biacetabular diameter, small sacral and coxal joints, and long pubic rami. The specimens also share derived features with Homo, including more vertically oriented and sigmoid-shaped iliac blades, greater robusticity of the iliac body, sinusoidal anterior iliac borders, shortened ischia, and more superiorly oriented pubic rami. These derived features appear in a species with a small adult brain size, suggesting that the birthing of larger-brained babies was not driving the evolution of the pelvis at this time.
Hierarchical control structures for multi-cell flexible assembly system co-ordination

Recently, there has been substantial interest in multi-stage, multi-cell Flexible Assembly Systems for Electronic (Printed Circuit Board) Assembly. Previous work (Akella et.al 1984: Gershwin et.al. 1985; Akella and Kumar, 1986) has concerned real-time dispatch in single cells. There has also been related work on design and production allocation in multi-cell systems by Yao and Shanthikumar (1985, 1986). Here, we formulate and compute approximate solutions to a generic multi-cell, failure prone system with a hierarchical control system.
Diurnal and Seasonal Mood Vary with Work, Sleep, and Daylength Across Diverse Cultures

Across the world the collective mood heightens at breakfast time and during the weekend. We identified individual-level diurnal and seasonal mood rhythms in cultures across the globe, using data from millions of public Twitter messages. We found that individuals awaken in a good mood that deteriorates as the day progresses—which is consistent with the effects of sleep and circadian rhythm—and that seasonal change in baseline positive affect varies with change in daylength. People are happier on weekends, but the morning peak in positive affect is delayed by 2 hours, which suggests that people awaken later on weekends.
The impact of paracetamol on selected biomarkers of the mollusc species Corbicula fluminea

The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea is an invasive bivalve that has recently spread in Europe and currently represents a large portion of the aquatic biomass in specific areas. Because of the impacts that the species may have in invaded ecosystems, increased knowledge on the physiologic features of the species life‐cycle under different environmental scenarios (e.g., contamination events) is critical to understand the dynamics of the invasion and resulting ecosystem imbalance. The presence of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment has recently received great attention since high levels of contamination have been found, not only in sewage treatment plant effluents, but also in open waters. The present article reports toxicological biochemical effects of paracetamol to Corbicula fluminea following short‐ and long‐term exposures. Oxidative stress parameters were specially focused namely catalase (CAT), glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs), and glutathione reductase (GRed). The effect of tested substances on lipid peroxidation was also investigated. Paracetamol did not induce alterations on CAT activity, caused a significant decrease of GSTs activity following short‐ and long‐term exposure (LOEC values of 532.78 mg L−1 and 30.98 μg L−1, respectively), and was responsible for a significant and dose‐dependent decrease of GRed activity in short‐ and long‐term exposures. These results indicate that exposure to paracetamol can provoke significant alterations on the cellular redox status of C. fluminea. 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 74–83, 2014.
Responses of PTTH‐producing neurosecretory neurons in Lymantria dispar caterpillars exposed to cadmium

Lymantria dispar, as most invasive insect species, is very adaptable and reacts quickly to changing environment. Neuroendocrine system first reacts to stress in insects, and specific neurohormonal reorganization may be used in early heavy metal risk assessment. Prothoracicotropic neurohormones (PTTH) control ecdysteroid synthesis (morphogenetic and stress hormones) in insects. In this article, we report the presence of PTTH immunoreactive molecules in L2' dorsolateral neurosecretory neurons (nsn) in caterpillar brains and changes after exposure to pollutant stress of different intensity. For 3 days, after molting into the 4th instar, caterpillars of Lymantria dispar were fed with a high wheat germ diet without (control) or with added cadmium (experimental groups: 10, 30, 100, 250 μg Cd/g dry food weight). Changes in PTTH producing L2' nsn and differences in the intensity of protein bands in the region of PTTH molecular mass (Mr 11–15 kDa) were analyzed. The number of L2' neurons tended to decrease except in the group given the highest cadmium concentration (250 μg). The neurons were enlarged after acute treatment especially in the group given the highest cadmium concentration. The size of L2' nsn nuclei was decreased only in the group fed with 30 μg Cd. Protein band intensity in the Mr region of PTTH remained unchanged in all groups except for the group given the diet with the highest Cd concentration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 770–779, 2014.
Tamponnade cardiaque non-traumatique: Interet de l'Echo doppler cardiaque et prise en charge

Nine patients of average age of 43.4 years (highest 19 to 73 years) haring made tamponade have been admitted in the cardiological clinic of CHU Campus Lome in 10 years. The means of diagnostic other than the clinic have been the cardiac Echo Doppler, during our study. It is an important exam in the tamponade. The etiology was tuberculosis (3) Lupus Erythematosus (1) HIV (2) Renal failure, Idiopathy (2). The pericondocentesis represents an emergency care of our patients. The average quantity of the liguid draimed is 62/ ml. There is no death during this salvatrice gesture. But at a distance i.e. Days, weeks even months it occurs due to causative affections Renal failure,/ VIH/ idiopathy probably Neoplastic. L’objectif est de Souligner l’interet de l’echo Doppler cardiaque dans la prise en charge des tamponnades cardiaques. Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective. Tous les malades ont beneficie d’un examen clinique et d’une echographie Doppler cardiaque. Neuf patients d’âge moyen 43,4ans (avec extremes 19 et 37 ans) ayant fait la tamponnade ont ete hospitalises a la clinique cardiologique du CHU Campus de Lome en 10 ans. Le moyen diagnostique, outre la clinique, a ete l’echo Doppler cardiaque au cours de notre etude. C’est un examen essentiel dans la tamponnade. L’etiologie etait tuberculose (3), lupus erythemateux (1) ; VIH (2), insuffisance renale (1) ; idiopathique (2). La pericardiocentese represente la prise en charge d’urgence de nos patients. La quantite moyenne de liquide evacue est 621 ml. Au cours de ce geste salvateur observe, aucun deces n’est survenu. Les trois deces sont plus lies aux affections causales : 1 insuffisance renale, 1 VIH, 1 idipathique probablement neoplasique. L’echo Doppler est devenu une technique incontournable dans la prise en charge des tamponnades cardiaques. En effet il permet le diagnostic, l’indication et le controle de la pericardocentese, seul geste salvateur dans ce genre d’urgence.
Robust independent robot joint control: design and experimentation

An approach is presented for the design of simple robust independent joint controllers which result in linear decoupled joint motions. In this approach each joint is treated as a simple inertial systems plus a disturbance torque representing all the unmodeled dynamics. By means of a very simple procedure, the disturbance is instantly estimated and rejected, thus allowing simple PD control to be used. The controllers are inherently robust. Experimental evaluations of the controller on a PUMA 560 are are performed, and the experimental results are presented. <<ETX>>
Toxic potentiality of bio‐oils, from biomass pyrolysis, in cultured cells and Caenorhabditis elegans

Bio‐oils, which are multicomponent mixtures, were produced from two different biomass (rice straw (rice oil) and sawdust of oak tree (oak oil)) by using the slow pyrolysis process, and chemical compositional screening with GC‐MS detected several hazardous compounds in both bio‐oil samples. The two bio‐oils vary in their chemical compositional nature and concentrations. To know the actual hazard potentialities of these bio‐oils, toxicological assessments were carried out in a comparative approach by using in vitro (Jurkat T and HepG2 cell) as well as in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans) systems. A dose‐dependent increase in cytotoxicity, cell death (apoptosis), and genotoxicity were observed in cultured cell systems. Similarly, the in vivo system, C. elegans also displayed a dose‐dependent decrease in survival. It was found that in comparison with rice oil, oak oil displayed higher toxicity to all models systems, and the susceptibility order of the model systems were Jurkat T > HepG2 > C. elegans. Pursuing the study further toward the underlying mechanism by exploiting the C. elegans mutants screening assay, the bio‐oils seem to mediate toxicity through oxidative stress and impairment of immunity. Taken together, bio‐oils compositions mainly depend on the feedstock used and the pyrolysis conditions which in turn modulate their toxic potentiality. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1409–1419, 2014.
Meta-analysis of the Risk of Infections After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by Graft Type

Background: An infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a relatively rare but challenging complication. There are no meta-analyses comparing the incidence of infections after ACL reconstruction with the various available graft choices. Purpose: To compare the incidence of infections after ACL reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autografts compared with hamstring autografts, with a secondary aim of comparing the incidence of infections after reconstruction with autografts compared with allografts. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify level 1 and 2 studies that reported the incidence of infections by graft type after ACL reconstruction. Studies that evaluated patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction with an autograft, allograft, or combination of autograft and allograft and reported the number of postoperative infections by graft type utilized were considered for inclusion. Studies were excluded if they included revision ACL reconstruction or did not specify the number of infections by graft type. Study findings were reviewed, and meta-analysis was performed when data were sufficiently homogeneous. Results: Twenty-one studies meeting criteria were identified from the literature review. Meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in the incidence of deep infections between BPTB autografts and hamstring autografts, with the BPTB group displaying a 77% lower incidence of infections compared with the hamstring group (relative risk [RR], 0.23; 95% CI, 0.097-0.54). The incidence of infections was 66% lower with BPTB autografts compared with all other graft types, with a pooled RR of 0.33 (95% CI, 0.15-0.71). There was no significant difference in the incidence of infections after ACL reconstruction with autografts compared with allografts (RR, 1.035; 95% CI, 0.589-1.819). Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate a significantly lower incidence of deep infections after ACL reconstruction with BPTB autografts compared with hamstring autografts but not compared with allografts. Clinical Relevance: Although the overall infection rate after ACL reconstruction is relatively low, the significantly higher rate of infections with hamstring autografts compared with BPTB autografts should be a consideration when discussing graft choices for ACL reconstruction.
Effects of Autogenous Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate on Radiographic Integration of Femoral Condylar Osteochondral Allografts

Background: Transplantation of fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) is an attractive treatment option for symptomatic articular cartilage lesions in young, healthy patients. Because the lack of OCA bone integration can be a cause of treatment failure, methods for speeding and enhancing OCA bone integration to mitigate this potential complication are highly desirable. Purpose: To determine if autogenous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) treatment of large femoral condylar OCAs would be associated with superior radiographic OCA bone integration compared with nontreated allografts during the critical first 6 months after surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A review of patients enrolled in a prospective registry who were treated with transplantation of large OCAs to one or both femoral condyles at our institution from March 12, 2013 to March 14, 2016 was performed. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on BMC treatment versus no BMC treatment; the treatment was nonrandomized and was rooted in a shift in practice and a continuing effort to optimize OCA transplantation at our institution. Patients were excluded if they did not have orthogonal view radiographs performed at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Each condyle undergoing OCA transplantation was assessed individually by an independent musculoskeletal radiologist, who was blinded to the treatment group and time point. OCAs were assessed with respect to graft integration (0%-100%; 0 = no integration, 100 = complete integration) and degree of sclerosis (0-3; 0 = normal, 1 = mild sclerosis, 2 = moderate sclerosis, and 3 = severe sclerosis) of the graft at each time point. Results: This study identified 17 condyles in 15 patients who underwent OCA transplantation without BMC and 29 condyles in 22 patients who underwent OCA transplantation with BMC. The BMC group had significantly (P = .033) higher graft integration scores at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Graft sclerosis was significantly (P = .017) less in the BMC group at 6 weeks and 3 months, with no significant difference at 6 months after surgery. When combining the groups to examine the influence of smoking on graft integration, nonsmokers had significantly (P = .007) higher graft integration scores at 6 months. Conclusion: Large femoral condylar OCAs treated with autogenous BMC before implantation showed superior radiographic integration to bone and less sclerosis during the initial 6-month postoperative period. BMC treatment of OCAs may mitigate the failure of OCA bone healing.