Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From LFG structures to dependency relations

In this article, I describe the derivation of dependency structures from LFG analyses, with a focus on the Norwegian grammar NorGram. Although it is the f-structures that at a first glance resemble dependency structures most, I show that c-structures are the correct starting point for the conversion, and I outline a conversion algorithm that relies on information from both c- and f-structure, the projection operator, and the grammar itself. The derived dependency structures are projective with non-atomic relations, but can be converted into nonprojective dependencies with atomic relations, and further into Universal Dependency-style structures. As an application, I describe how derived dependency versions of the NorGramBank gold-standard treebank are used to train dependency parsers with acceptable precision.
Enhancing the Biocontrol Efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum JF419706 through Cell Wall Degrading Enzyme Production

The goal of this study was to enhance the biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum JF419706 via its mycoparastic affinity as well as inducing the production of cell wall degrading enzymes. Different carbon and nitrogen sources were added to the growing medium of T. harzianum JF419706 to induce cell wall degrading enzymes. Production conditions of the target enzymes were optimized. The mycoparasitic affinity was induced by induction of the mutation of T. harzianum JF419706 by ethidium bromide and UV radiation. Results indicated that 4 days was appropriate to achieve the maximum production of the enzymes. The slight acidic pH (5.5‒6.0) was more favorable for production of enzymes. The results exposed that chitin was responsible for improvement in the productivity of all tested enzymes, except the protease that was improved only by casein. All enzymes exhibited a high level of activity in media supplemented with yeast extract. Ethidium bromide in concentration either 0.5 or 1.0 mg mL-1 enhanced the mycoparasitic affinity of T. harzianum JF419706 more than UV radiation. However, both treatments enhanced the mycoparasitic affinity of the biocontrol agent compared with the wild type. This observation was confirmed by RAPD-PCR technique using primers chitinase (C15) and R2 that succeeded to differentiate among the mutants and the wild isolate.
The fossil record and phylogeny of the auklets (Pan-Alcidae, Aethiini)

The auklets Aethia and Ptychoramphus comprise the smallest known Alcidae (Aves, Charadriiformes) and have a fossil record that extends into the Miocene. The evolution of auklets is poorly understood because systematic hypotheses of relationships among extant auklets are largely incongruent, the morphology of auklet fossils has not been evaluated in detail, and extinct species of auklets have not been previously included in a phylogenetic analysis. Previously described auklet fossil remains are reviewed and two new species of auklet, Aethia barnesi sp. nov. and Aethia storeri sp. nov., are described from the Miocene and Pliocene of southern California, USA. Previously described auklet fossil remains, the two newly described extinct species of auklet, and extant species of auklets and other alcids are included in combined phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular sequence data. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analyses, the taxonomy of fossils referred to Aethiini is revised and the evolution of the clade is evaluated in a phylogenetic context. The osteological morphology of extinct auklets appears to be little changed from their extant relatives, suggesting that the ecological attributes of these small wing-propelled divers may also be relatively unchanged since the Miocene. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:357ECC1A-DFE5-4C72-9BF2-260A547574C4
Sex-specific migration patterns and population trends of Skylarks Alauda arvensis ringed during autumn migration in southern Italy

The autumn migration of Skylarks Alauda arvensis along the southern Tyrrhenian coast of Italy from 1998 until 2014 is described, with respect to timing and phenology, sex-specific migration patterns and population trends. In total, 21,610 fully grown birds were captured and ringed, using mist nets, from October to mid November. The frequency distribution of wing length shows a clear bimodality due to sexual dimorphism, with males having longer wings than females. Wing length was used to determine sex in 20,622 individuals using Harding–Cassie plots: 57.1% were identified as females, 38.3% as males and 4.6% were undetermined. Autumn migration of Skylarks peaked during the second and third 10-day periods of October. Females migrated earlier than males: the median date of migration, based on combined data for all years, was 19 October for females and 25 October for males. The main migration period, expressed as the interquartile range, fell between 12 and 26 October for females and between 17 and 29 October for males. Based on capture numbers, we infer a fairly stable population migrating through the Volturno Plain, but with significant year-to-year fluctuations.
Some remarks on a result of Talenti

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REMOVAL OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM USING ACTIVATED COCONUT SHELL AND ACTIVATED COCONUT COIR AS LOW COST ADSORBENT

Studies were conducted to assess the comparative efficiency of activated coconut shell and activated coconut coir in removing toxic hexavalent chromium from its synthetic solution and tannery industrial effluent in batch mode. The parameters studied include- pH, adsorbent dose, contact time & initial metal ion concentration and the applicability of adsorption isotherms. Activated coconut shell exhibited more adsorption potential as compared to Activated coconut coir and maximum removal exhibited by ACS was 88% and 83.0 % for 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm in case of synthetic solution & 76%(0.3mm) and 66%(1.0mm) in case of tannery effluent at optimized conditions (pH =2, dose=1.0g/100ml, contact time=60 minutes & initial metal ion concentration=10 ppm). In general ACS was observed to be better adsorbent than ACC while adsorbents of particle size 0.3 mm have greater efficiency than 1.0 mm. On application of adsorption kinetics, Adsorption of Cr (VI) by ACS and ACC followed the pseudo first order and pseudo second order model. The results showed that the activated coconut coir is an efficient adsorbent for hexavalent chromium removal.
Measuring internet addiction in Europe-based knowledge societies: a case study of France

The technological evolution has put a new challenge, internet addiction along with the internet technology before the world. The study intended to collect the data pertaining to internet usage among the residents of France with the help of modified internet addiction test tool, which is originally developed by Widyanto et al. (2011). The study data is collected from 122 respondents. The outputs of the analysis provided interesting insights. It is proved from the analysis that age has more bearing on the level of internet addiction. Yet, subtle factors are playing a role in providing a vague picture about the influence of constructs on internet usage and addiction. During first stage of analysis, the effect of emotional management is not present, during second stage effect of time management is not evident and in third stage of analysis, except the effect of emotional management index no other effect of constructs is found on the internet usage pattern.
Bi-level Decision-making Modeling for an Autonomous Driver Agent: Application in the Car-following Driving Behavior

ABSTRACT Road crashes are present as an epidemic in road traffic and continue to grow up, where, according to World Health Organization; they cause more than 1.24 million deaths each year and 20 to 50 million non-fatal injuries, so they should represent by 2020 the third leading global cause of illness and injury. In this context, we are interested in this paper to the car-following driving behavior problem, since it alone accounts for almost 70% of road accidents, which they are caused by the incorrect judgment of the driver to keep a safe distance. Thus, we propose in this paper a decision-making model based on bi-level modeling, whose objective is to ensure the integration between road safety and the reducing travel time. To ensure this objective, we used the fuzzy logic approach to model the anticipation concept in order to extract more unobservable data from the road environment. Furthermore, we used the fuzzy logic approach in order to model the driver behaviors, in particular, the normative behaviors. The experimental results indicate that the decision to increase in velocity based on our model is ensured in the context of respecting the road safety.
Leading-order classical Lagrangians for the nonminimal standard-model extension

In this paper, we derive the general leading-order classical Lagrangian covering all fermion operators of the nonminimal Standard-Model Extension (SME). Such a Lagrangian is considered to be the point-particle analog of the effective field theory description of Lorentz violation that is provided by the SME. First of all, a suitable Ansatz is made for the Lagrangian of the spin-degenerate operators $\hat{a}$, $\hat{c}$, $\hat{e}$, and $\hat{f}$ at leading order in Lorentz violation. The latter is shown to satisfy the set of five nonlinear equations that govern the map from the field theory to the classical description. After doing so, the second step is to propose results for the spin-nondegenerate operators $\hat{b}$, $\hat{d}$, $\hat{H}$, and $\hat{g}$. Although these are more involved than the Lagrangians for the spin-degenerate ones, an analytical proof of their validity is viable, nevertheless. The final step is to combine both findings to produce a generic Lagrangian for the complete set of Lorentz-violating operators that is consistent with the known minimal and nonminimal Lagrangians found in the literature so far. The outcome reveals the leading-order structure of the classical SME analog. It can be of use for both phenomenological studies of classical bodies in gravitational fields and conceptual work on explicit Lorentz violation in gravity. Furthermore, there may be a possible connection to Finsler geometry.
Application of random regression models to the genetic evaluation of cow weight in Bonsmara cattle of South Africa

Repeated records (n = 58,295) of Bonsmara cows were used to evaluate mature cow weight (CW), using random regression animal models (RRM). Cows (n = 11,847), age two to 11 years (AY), were weighed at weaning of their calves. Data were analysed with the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedure, using orthogonal (Legendre) polynomials on age in months (AM). The model included fixed regression on AM (range from 30 to 138 mo) and the effect of herd-measurement date concatenation. Random parts of the model were RRM coefficients for additive and permanent environmental effects, while residual effects were modelled to account for heterogeneity of variance by AY. Estimates of variances increased with cow age, though tended to be flat at older ages. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.39 to 0.47, and were comparable with estimate of 0.41 obtained using a simple repeatability model (SRM). Estimates of genetic correlations were greater than 0.82 among measures of weight at all ages. The resulting covariance functions were used to estimate breeding values of each animal along the age trajectory. Genetic trends for CW over the years showed only a slightly increasing pattern, suggesting that CW did not change much, and was similar whether SRM or RRM was used. Results suggest that selection for CW could be effective and that RRM could be useful for the National Genetic Evaluation of CW in Bonsmara cattle. However, given the complexity of the RRM, for practical purposes a SRM might be an acceptable approximation for prediction of breeding values.
An Investigation of Competitive Priorities and competitive Advantage among small scale industries with reference to Coimbatore city

In this paper, the authors examine the relationship between the competitive priorities and competitive advantage among small scale industries in Coimbatore. The data set were randomly drawn from a sample of 22 top level executives of small scale industries in Coimbatore to draw valid conclusions. To measure the competitive advantage and competitive priorities of small scale industries, we considered 13 and 32 keys as determining variables, respectively . The ranking on a five point Likert scale regarding competitive priorities in small scale industries were measured based on the domains such as Quality ,Cost , Delivery, flexibility , Customer-focus and Know-how . Also, the same scale is used for competitive advantage; we employed Cronbach's alpha test and multiple regression analysis. The results suggest that there is a significant relationship between the competitive priorities and competitive priorities and competitive advantage among the small scale industries in Coimbatore.
IMPACT OF CORPORATE OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE

The main purpose of this study is to ascertain whether alternative corporate ownership and control structures give rise to significant differential firm performance in light of Nigeria’s conflicting polices regarding the ownership structure of the state owned enterprises. The data obtained from a sample of 73 companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange is analyzed through the Wilcoxon ranks tests for two independent samples. The evidence obtained suggests that firms with foreign ownership and control outperform their indigenous counterparts. However, firms controlled by single shareholders do not perform better than those controlled by multiple shareholders. The study recommends that foreign ownership and control of Nigerian firms be encouraged due to their affirmative features, while single shareholder control of firms, embedded in the core investor mode of ownership, be reconsidered.
Does it matter How We Measure Congestion

This paper examines three alternative methods of measuring congestion, from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. These methods are the conventional approach of Fare and Grosskopf, the alternative proposed by Cooper et al., and a new method developed by Tone and Sahoo. Each method is found to have merits and demerits. The properties of the different methods are examined using data for 41 ‘new’ British universities in the period 1995/6 to 2003/4. Contrary to expectations, Fare and Grosskopf’s approach generally indicates substantially more congestion than do the other procedures. The main reason for this is identified as being its use of CRS rather than VRS as the assumed technology. While the alternative measures of congestion are found to be positively correlated, the correlations are not strong enough for them to be regarded as substitutes. All methods suggest the existence of a widespread problem of congestion in the new universities, although they differ noticeably as regards its severity.Length: 37 pages
Effects of stocking density on the growth rate of gold fish fry reared in hapa

The present study was conducted to investigate effects of stocking density on growth performances of gold fish ( Carassius auratus ) in hapas. Experiment was conducted for a month with three treatments where three stocking densities were T 1 (10 fry/hapa), T 2 (15 fry/hapa) andT 3 (20 fry/hapa) each having three replications which were selected randomly. In the present experiment hapa (3ft × 2ft × 2ft) with 1 mm mesh net was used. Gold fish fry having a mean body weight of 0.007 g were used in all treatments. Fishes were fed at the rate of 10% of their body weight containing 34.11% protein. Water quality parameters were monitored at 10 days interval and the ranges were –temperature 24.75 to 27.75 o C, dissolved oxygen 3.68 to 4.09 mg/L, pH 7.3 to 8.16, ammonia 0.3 to 1 mg/L, nitrite 0.01 to 0.03 mg/L, phosphate 0.6 to 1 mg/L and alkalinity 119 to 187 mg/L. At the growth performances were evaluated by comparing mean final body weight, specific growth rate and food conversion ratio. The present study showed that the gold fish fry in T 1 resulted the best mean final weight gain (1.188 g) followed by T 2 (0.834 g) and T 3 (0.686 g). The SGR ranged between 6.64 and 7.43% per day and FCR ranged between 3.56 and 4.12 with T 1 showing the lowest FCR. The survival rate (%) ranged between 76.67% to 85.67%. From the present experiment it was found that individual fish growth rate was decreased with the increase of stocking density. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 504-515
Conflicting values of ethical consumption in diverse worlds – A cultural approach

This paper examines the plurality of ethical consumption and aims to illustrate how consumers cope with its complexity in the context of everyday food consumption. This study seeks to outline the tensions that consumers inevitably face when pursuing ethical choices and to shed light on the various ways in which they solve these tensions in the rhythms of everyday life. The research applies Boltanski and Thévenot's theory of orders of worth as an interpretive framework. The research data has been collected from Finnish online discussion forums in which consumers debate various aspects of ethical food consumption. The analysis indicates that the participants in the discussions recognize various understandings of ethical consumption that may be accompanied by insecurities about the ‘right’ ones. However, the research suggests that consumers are able to solve fundamental tensions in ethical food consumption by carrying out different types of practices.
Two transitions of thermosolutal natural convection in the presence of an external magnetic field

This paper presents a numerical study of two transitions (onset/oscillatory) of thermosolutal natural convection (TSNC) under the effect of an external magnetic field (MF) in binary mixture. For this, a square enclosure filled with a binary mixture has been considered and exposed to opposing solute and thermal gradients. An external and uniform MF is applied separately in two directions, i.e., vertical and horizontal. The results are given for varying buoyancy ratio (N = 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25), Prandtl number (Pr = 0.71) and Schmidt number (Sc = 3.5). The obtained results show a good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. We show a strong effect of the buoyancy ratio on the flow field, the thermal and solute structure. The onset of TSNC and oscillatory TSNC flow are determined, and then the oscillatory flow occurs for a periodic time evolution where the phenomena change around in each period time.
Costly Information Acquisition, Social Networks, and Asset Prices: Experimental Evidence

We design an experiment to study the implications of information networks for incentives to acquire costly information, market liquidity, investors' earnings, and asset price characteristics in a financial market. Social communication crowds out information production as a result of an agent's temptation to free ride on the signals purchased by her neighbors. Although information exchange among traders increases trading volume, improves liquidity, and enhances the ability of asset prices to reflect the available information in the market, it fails to improve price informativeness. Net earnings and social welfare are higher with information sharing due to reduced acquisition of costly signals.
Health literacy assessment instruments : literature review

Introduction: Assessing health literacy may favor clinical practice. Purpose: To review the scientific literature about instruments and methods to assess health literacy. Research strategy: Bibliographic searches were performed in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and BVS – LILACS. DeCS (Health Science Descriptors) and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) descriptors were used, combined by Boolean operators. Selection criteria: Articles published between 2009 and 2014 in Portuguese, English or Spanish, that used general health literacy assessment instruments or instruments that allow this type of analysis. Articles that did not approach health literacy in the title or abstract were excluded, as well as articles that did not cite health literacy assessment instruments and outcomes, repeated articles, reviews, case studies and series of cases. Two reviewers analyzed and selected the articles. Results: A variety of health literacy assessment instruments was identified. The most frequently used instruments were the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults and the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy. The design of most studies was cross-sectional observational, with greater scientific output in the United States and Europe. Categorization of health literacy into levels and presentation of the respective frequency distributions prevailed. Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences studies that include health literacy assessment are scarce. Conclusion: Researchers have utilized a variety of instruments and methods to assess health literacy, with predominance of clinical screening tests focusing on functional health literacy, administered in the setting of outpatient clinics and hospitals.
The effect of an insoluble surfactant on the skin friction of a bub

In this paper, we develop a novel moving mesh method suitable for solving axisymmetric free-boundary problems, i the Marangoni effect induced by surfactant or temperature variation. This method employs a body-fitted grid syste the gas–liquid interface is one line of the grid system. We model the surfactant equation of state with a non-linear L law, and, for simplicity, we limit ourselves to the situation of an insoluble surfactant. We solve complicated dynamic bo conditions accurately on the gas–liquid interface in the framework of finite-volume methods. Our method is used to s effect of a surfactant on the skin friction of a bubble in a uniaxial flow. For the limiting case where the surface diffus zero, the effect of a tangential stress generated by the surface tension gradient, allows us to explain a new phenomen concentration regimes: larger surface tension, but also larger deformation. Furthermore, this condition leads to the for boundary layers and flow separation at high Reynolds numbers. The influence of these complex flow patterns is exam  2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.