Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of two whole blood inline filters on markers of coagulation, complement and cell activation

Background and Objectives There exists a current lack of information about the impact of different inline filters, used for the leucoreduction of whole blood (WB), on the levels of clotting factors and markers of coagulation, complement and cell activation in plasma. Only a few small comparisons of different types of WB inline filters have been published to date.
Dimensions of Hypochondriasis

The confusion over the definition and nosological status of hypochondriasis has been stressed by many authors. Jelliffe (1931) refers to it as “a strange child in the psychopathological family”, and Macalpine (1953) uses the phrase “a stepchild in psychiatry proper”. It has been described in terms of the disturbed attitude to health and to doctors and also in terms of the symptoms presented. Factor analysis is a method well-suited to the examination of such a problem and has been used to investigate psychiatric syndromes in order to dissect out the symptom clusters which have been subsumed under a single blanket term. (Hamilton, 1960, Friedman, 1964; Overall, 1962).
Purification and antimicrobial properties of three defensins from rat neutrophils

Three cysteine-rich cationic peptides, designated RatNP-1, RatNP-3, and RatNP-4, were purified from an acid extract of rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils, sequenced, and tested for antimicrobial activity. The peptides ranged from 29 to 32 amino acids in length (Mr, 3,252 to 3,825), and each contained all eight invariantly conserved "framework" residues that are characteristic of defensins. Each of the peptides killed Escherichia coli ML-35, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus HON-1, Staphylococcus aureus 502A, and Candida albicans 820 in vitro. RatNP-1, the most cationic rat defensin, was also the most potent. With this report, a total of 13 distinct defensins have been characterized in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of four mammalian species. The existence of the defensin system in rats should facilitate investigations of the in vivo role of defensins in experimental infections.
Outcome of surgery and post-operative radiotherapy for major salivary gland carcinoma: ten year experience from a single institute.

AIMS To determine the clinical characteristics, pathological features, local and distant failure patterns in patients with carcinoma of major salivary glands treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 106 cases of major salivary gland tumor seen at our centre (1998-2008). Sixty five cases of major salivary gland carcinoma were selected for analysis (exclusions: benign, palliative, non-carcinomas). The patient population treated by surgery and PORT was divided into two groups: 1) Patients who underwent surgery and immediate PORT (Primary PORT); 2) Patients with recurrent carcinoma who underwent at least two surgeries and received PORT in the immediate post-operative period of the last performed surgery (Recurrent PORT). Recurrence free survival (RFS) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Median age was 35 years with a male: female ratio of 1.3:1. The majority of cancers were located in the parotid gland (86.2%) and the most common histology was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (43%). Thirty nine cases (60%) were primary while 26 (40%) were recurrent. Optimal surgery was performed in 59/65 patients (90.8%). 43 patients (66.2%) underwent neck dissection, of which 14 (32.5%) had nodal metastasis. Overall, 61 (93.8%) patients complied with the prescribed radiotherapy. Median dose of PORT was 60 Gy. Median follow-up was 13.1 months (range 2-70). Relapse free survival was 50.4% at 60 months. Some 12 cases (18.5%) recurred with a median time to recurrence of 16.9 months. CONCLUSIONS Surgery and PORT is an effective treatment for major salivary gland carcinoma with over 90% compliance and <20% recurrence. Early treatment with postoperative radiotherapy may increase the survival rate in major salivary gland carcinoma patients.
Preliminary hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the aqueousseed extract of Carica papaya Linn. in Wistar rats

In the present study, the dose related effect of the aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya Linn. extract (CPE) was evaluated by pre-treating three groups of rats (made up of six male rats per group) with 100 – 400 mg/kg body weight per oral of the extract for 7 days before challenging with 1.5 ml/kg body weight of 20% carbon tetrachloride in olive oil in addition to the untreated control and model control rats. Also, the time-course effect of 400 mg/kg per oral of the extract were determined at 3 hr pre-, 0 hr, 1 hr post-, 3 hr post-, and 6 hr post-CCl4 induction, respectively, in addition to the untreated control and model control groups. After 72 hours, serum levels of uric acid, urea and creatinine of all study groups were measured using standard procedures. Histological studies of rat kidneys of all study groups were also done. Results showed that intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 caused a significant (p<0.001) elevation in the serum levels of uric acid, urea and creatinine and induced histological features of severe tubulointerstitial necrosis. However, elevations in the measured biochemical parameters were significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001) attenuated in rats pre-treated with the graded oral doses of the extract, in dose related fashion. Maximum nephroprotection was offered by the extract at 400 mg/kg/day CPE which lasted up to 3 hours post-CCl4 exposure and these biochemical evidences were corroborated by improvements in the renal histological lesions induced by CCl4 intoxication. In conclusion, our study showed that CPE has nephroprotective effect on CCl4 renal injured rats, an effect which could be mediated by any of the phytocomponents present in it via either antioxidant and/or free radicalscavenging mechanism(s).
A novel test structure for measuring the threshold voltage variance in MOSFETs

A new threshold voltage variation monitoring circuit is introduced which utilizes a stochastic comparator group. It occupies minimal area, only requires a DC input stimulus voltage, and performs digital DC measurement. Traditional methods have required the measurement of the variation in a ring oscillator frequency. Our method circumvents the need for AC measurements, and accelerates the accumulation of data by incorporating stochastic properties into the circuit.
A New Distribution System Reconfiguration Approach Using Optimum Power Flow and Sensitivity Analysis for Loss Reduction

This paper presents a new approach for distribution system reconfiguration (DSR) based on optimum power flow (OPF) in which the branch statuses (open/close) are represented by continuous functions. In the proposed approach, all branches are initially considered closed, and from the OPF results, a heuristic technique is used to determine the next loop to be broken by opening one switch. Then the list of switches that are candidates to be opened is updated, and the above process is repeated until all loops are broken, making the distribution system radial. This paper includes results and comparisons on test systems utilized in three classical papers published in the technical literature, as well as in a previous paper by the authors. Results obtained on a real large-scale distribution system are also presented
Detection of Amp C beta lactamases production in Escherichia coli & Klebsiella by an inhibitor based method.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Detection of AmpC-mediated resistance in Gram-negative organisms poses a problem due to misleading results in phenotypic tests. There are no recommended guidelines for detection of this resistance mechanism and there is a need to address this issue as much as the detection of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) since both may co-exist and mask each other. Though resistance to cefoxitin is used as a screening test, it does not reliably indicate Amp C production. This study was undertaken to detect Amp C beta lactamases in certain Gram-negative bacteria employing an inhibitor base test using boronic acid. METHODS A total number of 76 consecutive non repetitive clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n=67) and 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=9) obtained over a period of two months, were screened for amp C production by disc diffusion method using cefoxitin (30 microg) dics and confirmed by inhibitor based test using boronic acid as inhibitor. RESULTS A total of 36 of 76 isolates (47.3%) screened harboured amp C enzymes, of which a majority 31 (86.1%) co-produced ESBL enzymes. Pure ampC production was seen in 7 (9.2%) of isolates only. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Most of the amp C producers also produced ESBL enzymes. The inhibitor based test was useful in identifying cefoxitin susceptible amp C producers and could also effectively differenciate ESBL from amp C producing isolates.
AGES OF YOUNG STAR CLUSTERS, MASSIVE BLUE STRAGGLERS, AND THE UPPER MASS LIMIT OF STARS: ANALYZING AGE-DEPENDENT STELLAR MASS FUNCTIONS

Massive stars rapidly change their masses through strong stellar winds and mass transfer in binary systems. The latter aspect is important for populations of massive stars as more than 70% of all O stars are expected to interact with a binary companion during their lifetime. We show that such mass changes leave characteristic signatures in stellar mass functions of young star clusters that can be used to infer their ages and to identify products of binary evolution. We model the observed present-day mass functions of the young Galactic Arches and Quintuplet star clusters using our rapid binary evolution code. We find that the shaping of the mass function by stellar wind mass loss allows us to determine the cluster ages as 3.5 ± 0.7 Myr and 4.8 ± 1.1 Myr, respectively. Exploiting the effects of binary mass exchange on the cluster mass function, we find that the most massive stars in both clusters are rejuvenated products of binary mass transfer, i.e., the massive counterpart of classical blue straggler stars. This resolves the problem of an apparent age spread among the most luminous stars exceeding the expected duration of star formation in these clusters. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to probe stochastic sampling, which support the idea of the most massive stars being rejuvenated binary products. We find that the most massive star is expected to be a binary product after 1.0 ± 0.7 Myr in Arches and after 1.7 ± 1.0 Myr in Quintuplet. Today, the most massive 9 ± 3 stars in Arches and 8 ± 3 in Quintuplet are expected to be such objects. Our findings have strong implications for the stellar upper mass limit and solve the discrepancy between the claimed 150 M☉ limit and observations of four stars with initial masses of 165–320 M☉ in R136 and of supernova 2007bi, which is thought to be a pair-instability supernova from an initial 250 M☉ star. Using the stellar population of R136, we revise the upper mass limit to values in the range 200–500 M☉.
Microbiological examination of air in the neonatal ward of a teaching hospital in Nigeria

The microbiological examination of air was carried out in the neonatal ward of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State in South-Western part of Nigeria. This study was undertaken to determine types and concentration of airborne bacteria and fungi in the ward and to establish standard for future reference. Settled plate technique was used to assess the aerial contaminant. The air samples were collected two times daily: In the morning between 8 and 10am during the influx of people and medical personnel into the ward and in the afternoon between 12 and 2pm when a lot of the activities in the ward have been abated. The bacteria isolated from the air in the neonatal ward include: Staphylococus aureus, Bacillus spp, Klebsiella spp and Escherichia coli in the order of prevalence while the fungi include; Aspergillus spp, Candida spp and Penicillium spp also in the order of prevalence. The bacterial population ranges from 14-39 cfu/m, while the fungal population ranges from 7-24 cfu/m. Also, the degree of the frequency of microbial distribution was higher in the morning than in the afternoon. Some of the micro organisms characterised and identified were representative of the normal flora of the human body (skin, gastrointestinal tracts and respiratory tracts) and opportunistic pathogens which can be very precarious when predisposed to the low immune neonates. In order to improve the quality of the air in the ward stringent measures such as fumigation, regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces must be instilled.
Evaluation of the antihyperalgesic effect of tapentadol in two human evoked pain models – the TapCapMentho pilot trial

ABSTRACT Objective: Tapentadol is effective in the treatment of neuropathic and nociceptive pain and in acute and chronic pain conditions; two mechanisms combining opioid µ-receptor agonism and noradrenergic reuptake inhibition underlie its analgesic effect. Research design and methods: With this single-center, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over pilot-study, we investigated the antihyperalgesic effect of a single oral dose of 100 mg immediate-release tapentadol on thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in two human models (i.e. 0.6 % topical capsaicin and 40% topical menthol) of evoked neuropathic pain signs in healthy volunteers. Results: No significant differences regarding experimentally induced heat or cold and mechanical (pinprick) hyperalgesia, as assessed by quantitative sensory testing, could be observed between a single dose of drug and placebo (thermal pain thresholds p>0.4, mechanical pain sensitivity p>0.1). Only few mild side effects of tapentadol were reported. Conclusions: The discrepancy between pain models using healthy volunteers and drug trials under real acute and chronic pain conditions in patients as well as methodological aspects may have contributed to this result. The impact of these findings questions the general use of pain models as predictors for early decision making during drug development. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01615510).
Differences in membrane properties of axonal and demyelinating Guillain‐Barré syndromes

Guillain‐Barré syndrome is classified into acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) by electrodiagnostic and pathological criteria. In AMAN, the immune attack appears directed against the axolemma and nodes of Ranvier. Threshold tracking was used to measure indices of axonal excitability (refractoriness, supernormality, and threshold electrotonus) for median nerve axons at the wrist of patients with AMAN (n = 10) and AIDP (n = 8). Refractoriness (the increase in threshold current during the relative refractory period) was greatly increased in AMAN patients, but the abruptness of the threshold increases at short interstimulus intervals indicated conduction failure distal to the stimulation (ie, an increased refractory period of transmission). During the 4 week period from onset, the high refractoriness returned toward normal, and the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential increased, consistent with improvement in the safety margin for impulse transmission in the distal nerve. In contrast, refractoriness was normal in AIDP, even though there was marked prolongation of distal latencies. Supernormality and threshold electrotonus were normal in both groups of patients, suggesting that, at the wrist, membrane potential was normal and pathology was relatively minor. These results support the view that the predominantly distal targets of immune attack are different for AMAN and AIDP. Possible mechanisms for the reduced safety factor in AMAN are discussed.
Essays on Export Dynamics

This thesis consists of three empirical essays on export dynamics. In particular, it provides an analysis of the importance and determinants of the expansion into new destinations, which is a key determinant of export growth. The dynamics of new destinations expansion has until recently been neglected as a relevant topic in international trade. However, the acknowledgement that entry into exporting entails significant sunk costs, together with the empirical fact that firms and countries seem to follow non random paths in the entry and expansion into new destinations has opened a new avenue of research which this thesis exploits directly. The first essay provides an empirical decomposition of export growth in developing economies using product level data. It shows that the expansion of exports is importantly and consistently explained by the entry and expansion into new destinations, explaining on average close to 40% of export growth. The second essay provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of destination specific entry at the product level. In particular it analyzes the role of gravity variables, which relate the origin and the destination, and the role of extended gravity variables which relate a destination with previously served destinations. The finding that extended gravity plays an important role, particularly through the experience in bordering countries, implies a network of geographically close served destinations, which goes beyond the relevance of traditional gravity.
Evaluation of the replication and immunogenicity of recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 3 vectors expressing up to three foreign glycoproteins.

The level of replication and immunogenicity of recombinant parainfluenza virus type 3 (rHPIV3) bearing one, two, or three gene insertions expressing foreign protective antigens was examined. cDNA-derived recombinant HPIV3s bearing genes encoding the open reading frames (ORFs) of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of HPIV1, the HN of HPIV2, or the hemagglutinin (HA) of measles virus replicated efficiently in vitro, including the largest recombinant, which had three gene unit insertions and which was almost 23 kb in length, 50% longer than unmodified HPIV3. Several viruses were recovered from cDNAs whose genome length was not a multiple of six nucleotides and these contained nucleotide insertions that corrected the length to be a multiple of 6, confirming that the "rule of six" applies to HPIV3. Using a hemagglutination inhibition assay, we determined that the HPIV1 HN expressed by recombinant HPIV3 was incorporated into HPIV3 virions, whereas using this assay incorporation of the HPIV2 HN could not be detected. HPIV3 virions bearing HPIV1 HN were not neutralized by HPIV1 antiserum but were readily neutralized by antibodies to the HPIV3 HN or fusion protein (F). Viruses with inserts were restricted for replication in the respiratory tract of hamsters, and the level of restriction was a function of the total number of genes inserted, the nature of the insert, and the position of the inserted gene in the gene order. A single insert of HPIV2 HN or measles virus HA reduced the in vivo replication of rHPIV3 up to 25-fold, whereas the HPIV1 HN insert decreased replication almost 1000-fold. This indicates that the HPIV1 HN insert has an attenuating effect in addition to that of the extra gene insert itself, presumably because it is incorporated into the virus particle. Viruses containing two inserts were generally more attenuated than those with a single insert, and viruses with three inserts were over-attenuated for replication in hamsters. Inserts between the N and P genes were slightly more attenuating than those between the P and the M genes. A recombinant HPIV3 bearing both the HPIV1 and the HPIV2 HN genes (r1HN 2HN) was attenuated, immunogenic, and protected immunized hamsters from challenge with HPIV1, HPIV2, and HPIV3. Thus, it is possible to use a single HPIV vector expressing two foreign gene inserts to protect infants and young children from the severe lower respiratory tract disease caused by the three major human PIV pathogens.
High-intensity interval exercise improves cognitive performance and reduces matrix metalloproteinases-2 serum levels in persons with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Aerobic exercise can improve cognitive performance in healthy elderly people. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a 3-week high-intensity aerobic exercise programme (high-intensity training group (HIT)) on cognitive performance in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with a standard exercise programme (control training (CT)). Methods: A total of 60 persons with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 1.0–6.5) were randomized to a HIT group (3×/week for 20 minutes, including five 3-minute exercise intervals at 80% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2-peak)) or a CT group (continuously 5×/week for 30 minutes/session at 65% of VO2-peak). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS at entry (t0) and discharge (t1). Furthermore, VO2-peak, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, serotonin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 were measured. Results: Compared to CT, HIT significantly improved verbal memory. Significant improvements over time in executive functions were found in both groups. Secondary outcomes indicated significant improvements in VO2-peak and a significant reduction in MMP-2 in the HIT group only. Conclusion: HIT represents a promising strategy to improve verbal memory and physical fitness in persons with MS. Further research is needed to determine the impact of exercise on biomarkers in MS.
Effects of aminoguanidine and desferrioxamine on some vascular and biochemical changes associated with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia in rats.

The effects of aminoguanidine (AG; 100 mg x kg(-1)) and desferrioxamine (DFO; 50 mg x kg(-1)) on some vascular and biochemical changes associated with streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg x kg(-1); i.p.)-induced hyperglycaemia were investigated in rats. Both AG and DFO were administered i.p., once daily, for 14 consecutive days to normal and hyperglycaemic animals. The responsiveness of the isolated aortic rings to phenylephrine (PE) was tested. In addition, biochemical markers for oxidative stress such as plasma levels of lipid peroxides and total thiols, as well as the activities of erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assessed. Results of the present study indicated that induction of hyperglycaemia was associated with increased aortic ring responsiveness to PE, loss in body weight, increase in urine volume, elevation of plasma total thiols and lipid peroxide levels and elevated SOD and GSH-Px enzymatic activities. Treatment of normal rats with AG reduced the response of their aortae to PE. Furthermore, a profound increase in body weight without any significant change in the measured biochemical parameters was observed. In hyperglycaemic animals, AG tended to normalize the enhanced aortic response to PE and modulated STZ-induced biochemical changes without affecting the elevated plasma glucose level. Treatment of normal rats with DFO reduced the response of their aortae to PE and decreased their body weight without altering any of the chosen biochemical parameters. In hyperglycaemic animals, DFO attenuated the responsiveness of their aortae to PE and at the same time, did not affect the loss in body weight and the elevation of plasma glucose level observed in the hyperglycaemic group. Additionally, DFO normalized the elevated plasma level of total thiols and exerted a modulatory influence on the enhanced activities of SOD and GSH-Px as well as on the increased levels of lipid peroxides. Our data lend further credence for the contribution of oxidative stress in the vascular and biochemical changes associated with STZ-induced hyperglycaemia. It is also apparent that advanced glycosylation end products and nitric oxide might be involved. Until clinical studies prove the efficacy and safety of these drugs, specific agents which could scavenge free radicals and block protein glycosylation seem beneficial as a helpful adjunct to the therapy of diabetes.