Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANATOMY OF THE SUPERIOR OPHTHALMIC VEIN APPROACH FOR DIRECT ENDOVASCULAR ACCESS TO VASCULAR LESIONS OF THE ORBIT AND CAVERNOUS SINUS

OBJECTIVE The superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) provides an alternative venous access for the treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulae. Its direct surgical exposure and cannulation can be difficult. This study was performed to identify anatomic landmarks to facilitate localization and exposure of the SOV. METHODS The vascular tree of 6 formalin-fixed human cadaveric heads was injected with colored silicone. The SOV was exposed using a periorbital incision. The diameter of the SOV, its distance to the inferior border of the incision, and the angle formed by the SOV and sagittal midpupillary line were measured. The tributaries of the SOV and its orbital anatomy and relationship to the supraorbital notch/foramen were evaluated. RESULTS The SOV was located in the superomedial quadrant of the orbit. Its mean diameter was 2.2 mm (standard deviation, ±1.2 mm). The mean distance from the SOV to the superior sulcus of the eyelid nasally was 5.9 mm (standard deviation, ±2.0 mm). The mean angle formed by the SOV and the sagittal midpupillary line was 27.9 degrees (standard deviation, ±5.4 degrees). The tributaries of the SOV were the angular vein and supraorbital vein (SPOV). The SPOV, identified in all 12 dissections, could be followed to the SOV within the orbit. The SPOV was always located inside the supraorbital notch/foramen when the latter was present. CONCLUSION The SOV is located at the superomedial quadrant of the orbit. The SPOV is a reliable reference during surgical exposure. A lid crease or subbrow incision centered over the supraorbital notch simplifies identification of the SOV.
AWAKE CRANIOTOMY FOR BRAIN TUMORS NEAR ELOQUENT CORTEX: CORRELATION OF INTRAOPERATIVE CORTICAL MAPPING WITH NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOMES IN 309 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS

OBJECTIVEIntraoperative localization of cortical areas for motor and language function has been advocated to minimize postoperative neurological deficits. We report herein the results of a retrospective study of cortical mapping and subsequent clinical outcomes in a large series of patients. METHODSPatients with intracerebral tumors near and/or within eloquent cortices (n = 309) were clinically evaluated before surgery, immediately after, and 1 month and 3 months after surgery. Craniotomy was tailored to encompass tumor plus adjacent areas presumed to contain eloquent cortex. Intraoperative cortical stimulation for language, motor, and/or sensory function was performed in all patients to safely maximize surgical resection. RESULTSA gross total resection (≥95%) was obtained in 64%, and a resection of 85% or more was obtained in 77% of the procedures. Eloquent areas were identified in 65% of cases, and in that group, worsened neurological deficits were observed in 21% of patients, whereas only 9% with negative mapping sustained such deficits (P < 0.01). Intraoperative neurological deficits occurred in 64 patients (21%); of these, 25 (39%) experienced worsened neurological outcome at 1 month, whereas only 27 of 245 patients (11%) without intraoperative changes had such outcomes (P < 0.001). At 1 month, 83% overall showed improved or stable neurological status, whereas 17% had new or worse deficits; however, at 3 months, 7% of patients had a persistent neurological deficit. Extent of resection less than 95% also predicted worsening of neurological status (P < 0.025). CONCLUSIONNegative mapping of eloquent areas provides a safe margin for surgical resection with a low incidence of neurological deficits. However, identification of eloquent areas not only failed to eliminate but rather increased the risk of postoperative deficits, likely indicating close proximity of functional cortex to tumor.
MULTIFOCAL COMPLEX GLIONEURONAL TUMOR IN AN ELDERLY MAN: AN AUTOPSY STUDY CASE REPORT

OBJECTIVEThe clinicopathological spectra of a dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) and a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) are expanding. We report here the autopsy findings of a case of complex glioneuronal tumor with combined histological features of both a DNT and an RGNT. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONA 79-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of confusion and gait difficulties. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed obstructive hydrocephalus attributed to a mass in the posterior third ventricle. INTERVENTIONA third ventriculostomy was performed. Postoperatively, the mass remained unchanged in size for more than 14 months. Thirty-eight months after his initial manifestations, he experienced minor head trauma and was then hospitalized. Despite placement of an external ventricular drain and other supportive treatment, he deteriorated and died. A full autopsy was performed, with emphasis on the brain. The mass lesion and a few independent microfoci situated primarily around the third ventricle showed histological features of pilocytic astrocytoma with recurrent hemorrhage. Far more numerous were microfoci with histological features of a DNT, including floating neurons, as well as typical RGNT-associated, synaptophysin-positive rosettes and perivascular pseudorosettes. CONCLUSIONThe advanced age of the patient, the coexisting histological features of the DNT and RGNT, and the distinctive anatomic distribution of the lesions, being centered on the third ventricle, may lend insight into the histogenetic relationship of a DNT, an RGNT, and mixed glioneuronal tumors.
Patients taking the lead. A naturalistic investigation of a patient led approach to treatment in primary care

In an earlier paper (Carey, T. A. (2005). Can patients specify treatment parameters? A preliminary investigation. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 326–335) an approach to treatment delivery was examined in which the duration and frequency of the appointments was scheduled by patients. Results of this approach were encouraging but the generalizability of the results was constrained because only one clinician trialed the approach and no standardized assessment measures were used. In the present study there are two clinicians involved and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used. The approach was introduced at one GP practice and monitored over a six-month period. Results suggest that this approach might be an effective way of promoting patient access to, and involvement in, service delivery as well as reducing waiting times.
TRANSFER OF A FASCICLE FROM THE POSTERIOR CORD TO THE SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE AFTER INJURY OF THE UPPER ROOTS OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS: TECHNICAL CASE REPORT

OBJECTIVEA new nerve transfer technique using a healthy fascicle of the posterior cord for suprascapular nerve reconstruction is presented. This technique was used in a patient with posttraumatic brachial plexopathy resulting in upper trunk injury with proximal root stumps that were unavailable for grafting associated with multiple nerve dysfunction. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONA 45-year-old man sustained a right brachial plexus injury after a bicycle accident. Clinical evaluation and electromyography indicated upper trunk involvement. Trapezius muscle function and triceps strength were normal on physical examination. INTERVENTIONThe patient underwent a combined supra- and infraclavicular approach to the brachial plexus. A neuroma-in-continuity of the upper trunk and fibrotic C5 and C6 roots were identified. Electrical stimulation of the phrenic and spinal accessory nerves produced no response. The suprascapular nerve was dissected from the upper trunk, transected, and rerouted to the infraclavicular fossa. A healthy fascicle of the posterior cord to the triceps muscle was transferred to the suprascapular nerve. At the time of the 1-year follow-up evaluation, arm abduction against gravity and external rotation reached 40 and 34 degrees, respectively. CONCLUSIONThe posterior cord can be used as a source of donor fascicle to the suprascapular nerve after its infraclavicular relocation. This new intraplexal nerve transfer could be applied in patients with isolated injury of the upper trunk and concomitant lesion of the extraplexal nerve donors usually used for reinnervation of the suprascapular nerve.
Clinical Response to Hypertensive Hypervolemic Therapy and Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVEHypertensive hypervolemic therapy is widely used to treat symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Few data exist to support a relationship between early clinical response and mortality or functional outcome. METHODSIn a prospective cohort of 580 subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, we studied 95 patients with acute symptomatic vasospasm who received stepwise volume expansion with crystalloid and/or 5% albumin solution followed by intravenous pressors to maintain systolic blood pressure between 180 and 220 mm Hg. We separately assessed the effects of volume expansion and induced hypertension on the neurological examination during the first 2 hours of each intervention. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios assessing the relationship between clinical response to hypertensive hypervolemic therapy and 3-month outcome, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale. RESULTSOf 95 patients with symptomatic vasospasm, volume expansion was used in 94% (n = 89), of whom 43% had a clinical response; 85% of the patients (n = 81) received pressors, of whom 68% responded. Early clinical improvement attributable to either volume expansion or pressors was not related to the development of infarction on computed tomography, but response to either modality within 2 hours was independently protective against death (adjusted odds ratio, 0.03; P < 0.05) and death-or-severe-disability (modified Rankin Scale score, 4–6; adjusted odds ratio, 0.1; P < 0.05) after adjusting for age, Hunt-Hess grade, angioplasty, and aneurysm size. CONCLUSIONSubarachnoid hemorrhage patients with symptomatic vasospasm who fail to demonstrate early clinical improvement in response to volume or pressor therapy are at high risk for death or disability. Urgent endovascular intervention in this high-risk patient cohort may be justified.
Learning and Imitation: Transitional Dynamics in Variants of the BAM

We study the dynamics of self-organized systems when disturbed by shocks. For this purpose, we consider extensions of the "Bar Attendance Model" [1] (BAM), which provides a stylized setting for the analysis of the emergence of coordination in the behavior of a large collection of agents. We represent the learning process of the agents through genetic algorithms, which respond to global (publicly available) information. In addition, we allow the actions of agents to be influenced by local information, as expressed in the behavior and performance of neighboring individuals. In the context of the BAM, we show that, in the event of a shock, the imitation behavior may become widespread and generate a contagion cascade which mimics a collective panic. We use this framework to represent features of the dynamics of an actual bank run.
Brainstem Dysfunction with Supratentorial Mass Lesions

Introduction Supratentorial mass lesions may produce neurological dysfunction by 2 mechanisms: Cerebral hemispheric damage from the primary lesion itself and secondary brainstem damage from displacement, tissue compression, swelling, and vascular stasis. Of the 2 processes, the latter often is more immediately threatening to life. Thus, a major factor guiding the choice and timing of treating patients with supratentorial lesions is whether secondary brainstem compression has occurred or is progressing. Previous studies emphasizing late clinical signs and postmortem pathology fail to answer how clinical signs evolve from earliest upper brainstem or third nerve impairment to final medullary collapse. Seeking this information, we examined serially 52 patients with supratentorial mass lesions and secondary brainstem dysfunction. This paper reports the results: Either of 2 relatively distinct clinical pictures provided the first clear evidence when supratentorial masses were threatening brainstem function. One picture had signs of uncal herniation producing third nerve and lateral midbrain
The "Win-Continue, Lose-Reverse" Rule in Oligopolies: robustness of collusive Outcomes

The so-called “Win-Continue, Lose-Reverse” (WCLR) rule is a simple iterative procedure that can be used to choose a value for any numeric variable (e.g. setting a price or a production level to maximise profit). The rule dictates that one should evaluate the consequences of the last adjustment made to the value (e.g. an increase or a decrease in production), and keep on changing the value in the same direction if the adjustment led to an improvement (e.g. if it led to greater profits), or reverse the direction of change otherwise. Somewhat surprisingly, this simple rule has been shown to lead to collusive outcomes in Cournot oligopolies, even though its application requires no information whatsoever about the choices made by any competing firms or about their results. In this paper we show that the convergence of the WCLR rule towards collusive outcomes can be very sensitive to small independent perturbations in the cost functions or in the income functions of the firms. These perturbations typically push the process towards the Nash equilibrium of the one-shot game. We also explore the behaviour of WCLR against other strategies and demonstrate that WCLR is easily exploitable. We then conduct a similar analysis of the WCLR rule in a differentiated Bertrand model, where firms compete in prices. As in the Cournot model, our simulations show convergence of WCLR firms to collusive outcomes, high sensitivity to small independent perturbations, and vulnerability to be exploited by other strategies.
Classifying Credit Card Accounts for Business Intelligence and Decision Making: a Multiple-criteria Quadratic Programming Approach

A major challenge in credit card portfolio management is to classify and predict credit cardholders' behaviors in a reliable precision because cardholders' behaviors are rather dynamic in nature. This is crucial for creditors because it allows them to take proactive actions and minimize charge-off and bankruptcy losses. Although the methods used in the area of credit portfolio management have improved significantly, the demand for alternative and sophisticated analytical tools is still strong.The objective of this paper is to propose a multiple criteria quadratic programming (MCQP) to classify credit card accounts for business intelligence and decision making. MCQP is intended to predict credit cardholders' behaviors from a nonlinear perspective that is justifiable because both the objective functions and constraints in credit card accounts classification may be nonlinear. Using a real-life credit card dataset from a major US bank, the MCQP method is compared with popular and similar classification methods: linear discriminant analysis, decision tree, multiple criteria linear programming, support vector machine, and neural network. The results indicate that MCQP is a promising business intelligence method in credit card portfolio management.
An Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Internet/E-Business Technologies Adoption by SMEs in Canada

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) around the world engage in e-commerce and e-business to support business operations as well as to enhance revenue generation from nontraditional sources. Internet and e-business technologies (IEBT) are the pillars of e-commerce and e-business. Despite the universal appeal of IEBT, it has been reported that the adoption of such technologies by SMEs is influenced by contextual imperatives. The objective of this research is to investigate factors impacting the adoption of IEBT in SMEs based in the Maritime region of Canada. A research model based on the diffusion of innovation (DIT) and the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) frameworks was used to guide the discourse. Such factors as relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, management support, organizational readiness, external pressure, and government support were used to develop relevant hypotheses. Questionnaires were mailed to key informants in SMEs. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares (PLS) technique. Predictions related to relative advantage, management support, and competition's pressure were confirmed. The study did not support the constructs of compatibility, complexity, government support, customers' and partners' pressures as significant predictors of IEBT adoption by the SMEs in the region.
Approaches to Leniency Reduction in Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets and an Experimental Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to present a useful method for estimating the importance of criteria and reducing the leniency bias in multiple criteria decision analysis based on interval-valued fuzzy sets. Several types of net predispositions are defined to represent an aggregated effect of interval-valued fuzzy evaluations. The suitability function for measuring the overall evaluation of each alternative is then determined based on simple additive weighting (SAW) methods. Because positive or negative leniency may exist when most criteria are assigned unduly high or low ratings, respectively, deviation variables are introduced to mitigate the effects of overestimated and underestimated ratings of criterion importance. Considering the two objectives of maximal weighted suitability and minimal deviation values, an integrated programming model is proposed to compute optimal weights for the criteria and corresponding suitability degrees for alternative rankings. A flexible algorithm using interval-valued fuzzy SAW methods is established by considering both objective and subjective information to compute optimal multiple criteria decisions. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods are illustrated by a numerical example. Finally, an experimental analysis of interval-valued fuzzy rankings given different conditions for the criterion weights is conducted with discussions on average Spearman correlation coefficients and contradiction rates.
A review of teenagers' perceived needs and access to primary health care: implications for health services

The government has stated its commitment to provide equality of access to health care for all and has emphasized the need to take account of users' views. The aim of this review was to search for evidence of adolescents' perceived needs for and access to primary health care services and to evaluate and report on the evidence found. Methods used were systematic searching of data bases and direct contacting of health and related organizations. The main finding was that a substantial minority of teenagers has health-related problems which are not met by current services. The main barriers to accessing primary health care were a perceived lack of confidentiality, embarrassment and unsympathetic staff. Reported access to a school health nurse varied widely (between 5% and 83%). The conclusions were that the barriers to accessing services as identified by teenagers are amenable to staff training, and that taking account of users' views could act as a stimulus for such training.
Information visualization to support management decisions

Information visualization can accelerate perception, provide insight and control, and harness this flood of valuable data to gain a competitive advantage in making business decisions. Although such a statement seems to be obvious, there is a lack in the literature of practical evidence of the benefit of information visualization. The main contribution of this paper is to illustrate how, for a major European apparel retailer, the visualization of performance information plays a critical role in improving business decisions and in extracting insights from Redio Frequency Idetification (RFID)-based performance measures. In this paper, we identify — based on a literature review — three fundamental managerial functions of information visualization, namely as: a communication medium, a knowledge management means, and a decision-support instrument. Then, we provide — based on real industrial case evidence — how information visualization supports business decision-making. Several examples are provided to evidence the benefit of information visualization through its three identified managerial functions. We find that — depending on the way performance information is shaped, communicated, and made interactive — it not only helps decision making, but also offers a means of knowledge creation, as well as an appropriate communication channel.
Preterm birth prevention in a rural practice.

A program for the prevention of preterm births was developed for use in small, nonurban communities. In contrast to other programs, increased emphasis was placed on education and reassessment of "low-risk" women. Potentially preventable preterm births were identified and studied. The potentially preventable preterm birth rate decreased from 3.2% in the 3-year control period to 1.3% during the 2-year study period, a 60% reduction. The preterm neonates who were born during the study period were older, had a greater average birth weight, and had fewer admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit. The percentage of women in preterm labor who presented early enough to receive tocolysis increased from 51% to 98%, and those in preterm labor who delivered at term increased from 56% to 96%. Requiring primarily education and increased awareness, this preterm birth prevention program was successful and inexpensive and may be applicable to similar rural primary care practices. ( JAMA . 1989;262:230-233)
Promoter-specific regulation of PPARGC1A gene expression in human skeletal muscle.

The goal of this study was to identify unknown transcription start sites of the PPARGC1A (PGC-1α) gene in human skeletal muscle and investigate the promoter-specific regulation of PGC-1α gene expression in human skeletal muscle. Ten amateur endurance-trained athletes performed high- and low-intensity exercise sessions (70 min, 70% or 50% o2max). High-throughput RNA sequencing and exon-exon junction mapping were applied to analyse muscle samples obtained at rest and after exercise. PGC-1α promoter-specific expression and activation of regulators of PGC-1α gene expression (AMPK, p38 MAPK, CaMKII, PKA and CREB1) after exercise were evaluated using qPCR and western blot. Our study has demonstrated that during post-exercise recovery, human skeletal muscle expresses the PGC-1α gene via two promoters only. As previously described, the additional exon 7a that contains a stop codon was found in all samples. Importantly, only minor levels of other splice site variants were found (and not in all samples). Constitutive expression PGC-1α gene occurs via the canonical promoter, independent of exercise intensity and exercise-induced increase of AMPK(Thr172) phosphorylation level. Expression of PGC-1α gene via the alternative promoter is increased of two orders after exercise. This post-exercise expression is highly dependent on the intensity of exercise. There is an apparent association between expression via the alternative promoter and activation of CREB1.
Cicatrization: current concepts and auxiliary resources - Part II

The study of cicatrization of the skin involves an enormous gamut of events and special situations. It requires a basic knowledge of anatomy, histology, biochemistry, immunology, pharmacology and many other sciences. This article offers a revision of the concepts of cicatrization, in its diverse aspects, and underscores the importance of a team with practitioners from various fields for the wound management as well as a global perception of the patient. The economic aspects of acute and chronic wounds are considered. Furthermore, the resources which can be used to aid the healing process and the various types of curatives available are also presented.