Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Pyuria versus Bacteriuria in Suspected Patients of Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in the world affecting all age groups across the life span. The aim of this study is to determine incidence of bacteriuria and its relation with pyuria in suspected urinary tract infection. This crosssectional-descriptive-analytical study was conducted in microbiology section of Kathmandu Hospital, Tripureshwor from May to August 2011. During this period, 412 midstream urine samples collected were investigated by microscopic examination of centrifuged urine sediment and conventional semi-quantitative culture technique. Out of 412 MSU samples, 120 (29.13%) were culture positive. The remaining 22 (18.33%) samples showed low count significant bacteriuria (i.e 10 4 -10 5 CFU/ml) and 98(81.67%) showed significant bacteriuria (i.e. ≥ 10 5 CFU/ml). Among 88 urine samples with significant pyuria, only 74 (84.09%) showed culture positive. Out of 324 urine samples without significant pyuria, 46 (14.19%) urine samples showed culture positive result. Significant pyuria was found to have sensitivity of 61.67%, specificity of 95.21% and the test has 84.09% positive predictive value in detecting bacteriuria. Pyuria and bacteriuria may not always correlate in the suspected case of UTI. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/njst.v15i1. 12029 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.1 (2014) 129-132
Legislative Bargaining with Reconsideration

We present a dynamic model of legislative bargaining with an endogenously evolving default policy and a persistent agenda setter. Policy making proceeds until the agenda setter can no longer pass a new policy to replace an approved bill. We prove existence and necessary conditions of pure-strategy stationary equilibria for any finite policy space, any number of players, and any preference profile. In equilibrium, the value of proposal power is limited compared to the case that disallows reconsideration, as voters are induced to protect each other's benefits to maintain their future bargaining positions. The agenda setter, in turn, would prefer to limit his ability to reconsider. The lack of commitment due to the possibility of reconsideration, however, enhances policy efficiency. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
Entropy-SG ( L ) D optimizes the prior of a ( valid ) PAC-Bayes bound

In recent work, we have shown that Entropy-SGD (Chaudhari et al., 2017), when viewed as a learning algorithm for classifiers, optimizes a PAC-Bayes bound on the risk of the classifier, or more accurately, the Gibbs posterior, i.e., a risk-sensitive perturbation of the classifier. Entropy-SGD works by optimizing the bound’s prior, violating the hypothesis of the PAC-Bayes theorem that the prior is chosen independently of the data. Indeed, available implementations of Entropy-SGD rapidly obtain zero training error on random labels and the same holds of the Gibbs posterior. In order to obtain a valid generalization bound, we have shown that an ε-differentially private prior yields a valid PAC-Bayes bound, a straightforward consequence of results connecting generalization with differential privacy. Using stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) to approximate the wellknown exponential release mechanism, we observed that generalization error on MNIST (measured on held out data) falls within the (empirically nonvacuous) bounds computed under the assumption that SGLD enjoys the same privacy as an exponential release. In particular, Entropy-SGLD can be configured to yield relatively tight generalization bounds and still fit real labels, although these same settings do not obtain state-of-the-art performance.
Sequential and concomitant non-bismuth quadruple therapies are ineffective for H. pylori eradication in Palestine. A randomized trial *

Background: Increasing clarithromycin resistance has undermined the effectiveness of traditional clarithromycin-containing triple eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori infections. Sequential and concomitant therapies show improved outcome with clarithromycin resistance. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of sequential and concomitant 4-drug non-bismuth therapies for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a prospective, randomized, clinical trial conducted in Palestine. Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent upper endoscopy for a clinical indication and tested positive for rapid urease test were included. Subjects randomly allocated into two groups: One received a modified sequential therapy: esomeprazole 40 mg OD and amoxicillin 1 g BID for 5 days then esomeprazole 40 mg OD, clarithromycin 500 mg BID and tinidazole 500 mg BID for another 5 days. The other group received concomitant therapy in which the same 4 drugs and doses were all given daily for 10 days. Stool antigen was tested 4 weeks after completion of treatment. Results: Five hundred thirty three (533) patients were tested for H. pylori and 180 (34%) were positive; 141 patients were included in the study and 112 patients completed. The overall per protocol eradication rate was (74%; 95% CI = 65.9% - 82.1%). The eradication rates for sequential therapy was, (70.9%; 95% CI = 58.9% - 82.9%) and for concomitant therapy (77.2%; 95% CI = 66.3% - 88.1%). The results intention-to-treat were: sequential 61%, concomitant 57%. Conclusion: Neither sequential nor concomitant therapy achieved an acceptable H. pylori eradiation rate in Palestine.
Analyze the Readiness for Acceptance to Practice an E-learning experience

The implementation of e-learning system in higher education institutions as an emerged technology will not guarantee its adoption by faculty members. In fact, the existence of technology alone is not enough in encouraging knowledge sharing behavior among users. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the perception of an e-learning experience as an emerged technology in higher education and the willingness to share this knowledge with staff members with their students. We characterized staff members’ perceptions of an e-learning experience as a new technology by including an individual’s psychological state of readiness and acceptance of technology; and to also practice this new experience with their students as an individual behavior. Technology Readiness Index and Technology Acceptance Model were integrated in order to explore staff members’ perceptions of technology. The practice of staff members of this new e-learning experience with their students was characterized by the knowledge sharing behavior. We analyzed the responses of 400 participants from staff members in higher education using structural equation modeling. The correlated results showed that staff member’s positive attitude on the perception of elearning could increase the practice of this knowledge with students. A sense of insecurity towards this new technology also led to an undesirable effect on the staff member’s perceptions of the ease of use of e-learning. Therefore, maintain a high degree of discomfort and insecurity towards an e-learning experience hinders enormously staff member’s to share this knowledge with their students. Keywords—E-learning, Technology Readiness Index, Technology Acceptance Model, Sharing Knowledge Behavior, Structural Equation Model.
Biomass fraction of graminoids and forbs in N-limited alpine grasslands: N:P stoichiometry

It is known that the dominance of graminoid species is promoted by N addition; however, there has been relatively little effort to examine the pattern induced by natural N fertility. Since nutrie nt use e fficiency (NUE) is an important trait determining plant competitive ability, we expected that the species guild with higher NUE (lower nutrient content) may be more competitive on infertile soils. We explo red t he relationships between relative forbs biomass share , soil N and productivity by the linear regressi on analysis on a natural alpine meadow in northeast of QinghaiTibetan Plateau (3600 m a.s.l.). To test the variety of leaf N:P stoichiometry, paired t test and general linear model multivariate (GLM) analysis were also used. We f ound that the leaf N:P ratios of the whole community were below 13 in studied sites, which may be consistent with the N limitation on the veget ation. Graminoids re tained lower concentrations of leaf N and P than forbs in community on the Nlimited grassland. Consistent with our prediction, we found that the biomass fraction of graminoids declined with soil N content and aboveground production on the grassland. Different from the pattern along fertility gradients induced by N fertilization, our results showed that gr aminoids with lower internal nutrient content w ere able to resist low levels of nutrient availability on the natural alpine grassland when compared to forbs.
Lying About Delegation

This paper reports results from a three-player variant of the ultimatum game in which the Proposer can delegate to a third party his decision regarding how to share his endowment with a Responder with a standard veto right. However, the Responder cannot verify whether the delegation is effective or the third party merely plays a “scapegoat” role while the decision is made by the Proposer himself. In this imperfect information setting, the Proposer can send an unverifiable message declaring his delegation strategy. The most interesting strategy is “false delegation”, in which the Proposer makes the decision but claims to have delegated it. In our sample, the recourse to false delegation is significant, and a significant number of potential Delegates accept serving in the scapegoat role. However, there are many honest Proposers, and 20% of all Delegates will refuse to be the accomplices of a dishonest Proposer. Responders tend to more readily accept poor offers in a setup that permits lying about delegation; the acceptance rate of the poor offer is the highest when Delegates can refuse the scapegoat role.
Evaluation of Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites and Nanocomposites

Meandros Med Dent J 2017;18:199-205 Ad­dress­for­Cor­ res­pon­den­ce/Ya­zış­ma­Ad­re­si: Muhammet Karadaş MD, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rize, Turkey Phone : +90 464 222 00 00 E-mail : muhammetkaradas@gmail.com Received/Geliş­Ta­rihi : 03.05. 2017 Accepted/Ka­bul­Ta­ri­ hi : 20.06. 2017 Anah­tar­Ke­li­me­ler Renk değişimi, yüzey pürüzlülüğü, bulk fill kompozit, nanokompozit, spektrofotometre
Rapid long‐distance migration in Norwegian Lesser Black‐backed Gulls Larus fuscus fuscus along their eastern flyway

We studied the long-distance migration of Lesser Blackbacked Gulls Larus fuscus fuscus breeding in northern Norway along their eastern flyway using geolocators in 2009 and 2010. The majority of birds wintered in lakes in East Africa and the southeast Mediterranean was the most important stopover area. Larus f. fuscus along the eastern flyway travelled at a net travel speed of 399 and 177 km/day during the autumn and spring migration, respectively, higher than published travel speeds for Dutch Larus fuscus migrating along the western flyway. The results suggest that the long-distance migratory Norwegian L. f. fuscus seek to minimize time spent in transit, whereas lower travel speed during northerly spring migration may reflect differences in wind patterns or food conditions between spring and autumn.
The maximal body mass–area relationship in island mammals

Aim A positive power relationship between maximal body mass and land area has previously been reported of the form Mmax ∝ Area0.5 whilst allometric scaling theory predicts either Mmax ∝ Area1.33 or Mmax ∝ Area1. We provide an analysis of the maximal mass–area relationship for four island systems, to test the hypothesis that community relaxation following isolation converges in each case to a slope of Area0.5.
Real-time Constrained Cycle Detection in Large Dynamic Graphs

As graph data is prevalent for an increasing number of Internet applications, continuously monitoring structural patterns in dynamic graphs in order to generate real-time alerts and trigger prompt actions becomes critical for many applications. In this paper, we present a new system GraphS to efficiently detect constrained cycles in a dynamic graph, which is changing constantly, and return the satisfying cycles in real-time. A hot point based index is built and efficiently maintained for each query so as to greatly speed-up query time and achieve high system throughput. The GraphS system is developed at Alibaba to actively monitor various online fraudulent activities based on cycle detection. For a dynamic graph with hundreds of millions of edges and vertices, the system is capable to cope with a peak rate of tens of thousands of edge updates per second and find all the cycles with predefined constraints with a 99.9% latency of 20 milliseconds.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION ON BELIEFS , ATTITUDES AND INTENTIONS : A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF AFRICA UNIVERSITY GRADUATES

he importance of entrepreneurship and small businesses activity to the development of any country cannot be overemphasized; this study attempts to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship education on beliefs, attitudes and intentions of Africa University alumni that graduated from the Faculty of Management and Administration (FMA) who took an elective course of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management in their final year of study. A cross-sectional survey using self-administered mail questionnaire was used on a population of 438 alumni that graduated between 2009 and 2012; a sample of 60 business graduates (X1) and another sample of 60 non-business graduates (X2) was selected. The study suggests that alumni who took an Entrepreneurial course have high rating scores on most indicators of entrepreneurship. It is therefore recommended that the entrepreneurship education be a core and integral component of the study curricula for all students irrespective of their chosen area of study.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Breath Powered Nasal Delivery of Sumatriptan Powder (AVP-825) in the Treatment of Acute Migraine (The TARGET Study) Breath Powered and Bi-Directional are trademarks of OptiNose US

Objective. —To evaluate the efficacy and safety of AVP-825, a drug–device combination of low-dose sumatriptan powder (22 mg loaded dose) delivered intranasally through a targeted Breath Powered device vs an identical device containing lactose powder (placebo device) in the treatment of migraine headache. Background. —Early treatment of migraine headaches is associated with improved outcome, but medication absorption after oral delivery may be delayed in migraineurs because of reduced gastric motility. Sumatriptan powder administered with an innovative, closed-palate, Bi-Directional, Breath Powered intranasal delivery mechanism is efficiently absorbed across the nasal mucosa and produces fast absorption into the circulation. Results from a previously conducted placebo-controlled study of AVP-825 showed a high degree of headache relief with an early onset of action (eg, 74% AVP-825 vs 38% placebo device at 1 hour, P < .01). Methods. —In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in adults with a history of migraine with or without aura, participants were randomized via computer-generated lists to AVP-825 or placebo device to treat a single migraine headache of moderate or severe intensity. The primary endpoint was headache relief (defined as reduction of headache pain intensity from severe or moderate migraine headache to mild or none) at 2 hours post-dose. Results. —Two hundred and thirty patients (116 AVP-825 and 114 placebo device) were randomized, of whom 223 (112 and 111, respectively) experienced a qualifying migraine headache (their next migraine headache that reached moderate or severe intensity). A significantly greater proportion of AVP-825 patients reported headache relief at 2 hours post-dose compared with those using the placebo device (68% vs 45%, P = .002, odds ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval [1.45, 4.42]). Between-group differences in headache relief were evident as early as 15 minutes, reached statistical significance at 30 minutes post-dose (42% vs 27%, P = .03), and were sustained at 24 hours (44% vs 24%, P = .002) and 48 hours (34% vs 20%, P = .01). Thirty-four
Face Aging with Identity-Preserved Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks

Face aging is of great importance for cross-age recognition and entertainment related applications. However, the lack of labeled faces of the same person across a long age range makes it challenging. Because of different aging speed of different persons, our face aging approach aims at synthesizing a face whose target age lies in some given age group instead of synthesizing a face with a certain age. By grouping faces with target age together, the objective of face aging is equivalent to transferring aging patterns of faces within the target age group to the face whose aged face is to be synthesized. Meanwhile, the synthesized face should have the same identity with the input face. Thus we propose an Identity-Preserved Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (IPCGANs) framework, in which a Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks module functions as generating a face that looks realistic and is with the target age, an identity-preserved module preserves the identity information and an age classifier forces the generated face with the target age. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments show that our method can generate more realistic faces in terms of image quality, person identity and age consistency with human observations.
Classifying Semantic Relations in German Nominal Compounds using a Hybrid Annotation Scheme

This paper reports on novel results for the automatic classification of semantic relations that hold between the constituents of nominal compounds in German. It utilizes a hybrid annotation scheme that models semantic relations using a combination of prepositional paraphrases and semantic properties. The machine learning (ML) experiments use the support vector machine (SVM) implementation in Weka for single-label prediction tasks and Weka SVMs in conjunction with the Mulan library for multi-label prediction.
Studies incentives and restrictions in venture capital contracts

In venture capital markets, contracts between investors and enterprises stipulate special incentives and restrictions in order to address the occurrence of severe asymmetric information, to reduce investor risk, and to facilitate successful exits. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the international literature on venture capital contracts with a primary focus on empirical aspects, and to compare the authors’ findings with the Hungarian practice as reflected in the questionnairebased survey conducted among venture capital funds. We concentrated our research on management control rights, the application of convertible debt, cash flow rights, voting rights, and drag-along and tag-along rights. In the article we describe the key features of venture capital contracts, the characteristics of selected contract elements and their impact on corporate operations and the contracting parties. After the presentation of individual contract elements, we summarise the relevant empirical evidence of international papers and draw conclusions in light of the Hungarian contracting practice.
Characteristics and Sources of Black Carbon in Atmospheric Dustfall Particles from Huangshi, China

Concentrations of carbonaceous particles in atmospheric dustfall particles in Huangshi, an industrial city in central China, were determined using a thermal-optical reflectance method. The black carbon (BC) contents in ninety-five dustfall samples ranged from 4.3 to 64.9 g kg^(-1) with an average of 17.0 g kg^(-1). These values were higher than those in world background soils and demonstrated serious contamination of the environment in this city. Overall, BC accounted for 17.6-71.3% (mean: 42.0%) of the organic carbon (OC), and BC and OC were positively correlated (r^2 = 0.90). Average char and soot contents were 8.01 g kg^(-1) and 8.65 g kg^(-1), respectively, and char/soot ratios ranged from 0.28 to 1.97 with an average of 1.01. All the measured carbonaceous species positively correlated with each another, suggesting their common sources. BC, char, and soot showed large spatial distribution variability, with high levels of BC adjacent to the presumed emission sources, such as a power plant and railway line. Analyses of BC/OC and char/soot ratios indicate major impacts from fossil fuel combustion, especially motor vehicle emissions and coal combustion. Industrial dusts related to coal use appear to be the major contributor to BC in dustfall, and this is likely related to the extensive industrial activities in the city, including metal smelting.
The impact of regret and worry on the threshold level of concern for flood insurance demand: Evidence from Dutch homeowners

It has been argued that individuals behave according to a threshold level of concern decision rule when considering protection against risk: if the perceived probability of the risk is below a threshold level, then the likelihood of the risk is treated as zero and protection is deemed unnecessary. Little is known about the determinants of this threshold nor about whether individual thresholds are related to risk specific emotions like worry and regret. We study threshold probabilities and factors that influence these in the context of flood insurance decision making. Based on data collected from 1,041 Dutch homeowners, we find that on average the threshold level of concern for flood insurance demand is negatively related to the expected regret an individual might feel about not purchasing flood insurance if a flood occurs, as well as to worry about flooding.
Detection of food source by PCR analysis of the gut contents of Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) during post‐feeding period

The last meal of sarcophagous maggots may be useful in identifying the species on whose flesh they have fed (the “host” species). The DNA profile of the host species may indeed be detectable in the “last meal”. In this paper, mitochondrial DNA analysis of gut contents was used to identify the prior host of post‐feeding larvae of Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). A modified logistic equation was fitted to estimate the probability of identifying the host under five different constant temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28 and 32° C). Our results shows that the detected time ranged from a maximum of 24 h at 32°C to 42 h at 16°C and a minimum of 12 h at 32°C to 30 h at 16°C. Furthermore, the host detection time was also calculated to give the maximal time after larval hatching from the egg. These results indicate that, in criminal cases where the maggots stray from the corpse, the last meal of the larvae should not be overlooked as potentially critical evidence.
Finding perfect matchings in random cubic graphs in linear time

In a seminal paper on finding large matchings in sparse random graphs, Karp and Sipser [12] proposed two algorithms for this task. The second algorithm has been intensely studied, but due to technical difficulties, the first algorithm has received less attention. Empirical results in [12] suggest that the first algorithm is superior. In this paper we show that this is indeed the case, at least for random cubic graphs. We show that w.h. p. the first algorithm will find a matching of size n/2−O(log n) on a random cubic graph (indeed on a random graph with degrees in {3, 4}). We also show that the algorithm can be adapted to find a perfect matching w.h. p. in O(n) time, as opposed to O(n3/2) time for the worst-case.