Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Incidence rate trends for colorectal cancer in Navarre (North of Spain) in the 1990-2005 period].

BACKGROUND In Spain, an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been observed in both sexes in recent years, probably due to an improved diagnostic, the westernization of dietary habits, and worse obesity levels, among others factors. In this work, the CRC incidence rate trends in different health areas in Navarre (northern Spain) are studied during the 1990-2005 period. METHODS An estimated incidence trend curve for each health area and the corresponding confidence bands were obtained for each gender using P-spline models. RESULTS These results show an increasing trend of CRC in most of the areas in both sexes, being less pronounced in women than in men. In the central area of Pamplona (the capital) a decreasing trend has been observed for men during the period studied. CONCLUSIONS Primary prevention is the best strategy to change the increasing trend observed in most areas of the province of Navarre. However, a healthy lifestyle has long-term results, so it is important to have an early detection program that would serve as a short-term prevention strategy.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Analysis of Device Parameters in 154 Patients during the Long‐Term XE5 Study

Summary: Purpose: To determine the effect of changes in device settings and duty cycle (on and off times) on the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for refractory epilepsy. In the long‐term XE5 study of VNS for intractable epilepsy, the median reduction in seizure frequency improved significantly after 1 year of follow‐up. A central question is whether device changes improve efficacy. We analyzed the effects of device parameter changes on seizure frequency in 154 subjects who completed the study and who had complete data for analysis.
Floral Scent Production in Clarkia breweri (Onagraceae) (II. Localization and Developmental Modulation of the Enzyme S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine:(Iso)Eugenol O-Methyltransferase and Phenylpropanoid Emission)

We have previously shown (R.A. Raguso, E. Pichersky [1995] Plant Syst Evol 194: 55–67) that the strong, sweet fragrance of Clarkia breweri (Onagraceae), an annual plant native to California, consists of 8 to 12 volatile compounds, including 4 phenylpropanoids. Although some C. breweri plants emit all 4 phenylpropanoids (eugenol, isoeugenol, methyleugenol, and isomethyleugenol), other C. breweri plants do not emit the latter 2 compounds. Here we report that petal tissue was responsible for the bulk of the phenylpropanoid emission. The activity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine: (iso)eugenol O-methyltransferase (IEMT), a novel enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of the para-4[prime]-hydroxyl of both eugenol and (iso)eugenol to methyleugenol and isomethyleugenol, respectively, was also highest in petal tissue. IEMT activity was absent from floral tissues of plants not emitting (iso)methyleugenol. A C. breweri cDNA clone encoding IEMT was isolated, and its sequence was shown to have 70% identity to S-adenosyl-L-methionine:caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. The protein encoded by this cDNA can use eugenol and isoeugenol as substrates, but not caffeic acid. Steady-state IEMT mRNA levels were positively correlated with levels of IEMT activity in the tissues, and no IEMT mRNA was observed in flowers that do not emit (iso)methyleugenol. Overall, the data show that the floral emission of (iso)methyleugenol is controlled at the site of emission, that a positive correlation exists between volatile emission and IEMT activity, and that control of the level of IEMT activity is exerted at a pretranslational step.
Biosorption of Heavy Metals Influenced by the Chemical Composition of Spirulina sp. (Arthrospira) Biomass

The capacity of Spirulina sp. cells with different chemical composition for Pb (II), Cd (II) and Cr (VI) sorption, was evaluated. Four different types of Spirulina biomass with a different chemical composition were tested. Two of them contained a high percentage of protein (68.95 ± 0.30 and 63.73 ± 0.25 %) as a result of being cultivated in Zarrouk medium and exposed at two light intensities (66 µmol photon m−2 s−1 and 144 µmol photon m−2s−1) in batch cultures. A third type of biomass, cultivated in a “Complex” medium and exposed at 66 µmol photon m−2 s−1, contained a high percentage of lipids (30.08 ± 1.92 %). Finally, the fourth type of biomass was enriched in polysaccharides (25.54 ± 0.51 %) as a result of being cultivated in the “Complex” medium, but exposed at 144 µmol photon m−2 s−1. It was found that the chemical composition of Spirulina sp. cells did have a strong influence on their adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) for Pb and Cd were highest (172.41 and 54.05 mg g−1 of cells, at pH 5.0 and 4.5 respectively) when cells exhibited the higher polysaccharide content. In the case of Cr VI, the highest qmax was exhibited by cells cultivated in Zarrouk medium and showing the higher protein content (at pH 2.0). pH did not affect the adsorption of Pb II in the range of 3 to 5.5, nor of Cd in the range of 4 to 7. For Cr VI, adsorption was observed only at a pH equal to 2 or lower.
Dietary acrylamide and cancer risk: An updated meta‐analysis

The debate on the potential carcinogenic effect of dietary acrylamide is open. In consideration of the recent findings from large prospective investigations, we conducted an updated meta‐analysis on acrylamide intake and the risk of cancer at several sites. Up to July 2014, we identified 32 publications. We performed meta‐analyses to calculate the summary relative risk (RR) of each cancer site for the highest versus lowest level of intake and for an increment of 10 µg/day of dietary acrylamide, through fixed‐effects or random‐effects models, depending on the heterogeneity test. Fourteen cancer sites could be examined. No meaningful associations were found for most cancers considered. The summary RRs for high versus low acrylamide intake were 0.87 for oral and pharyngeal, 1.14 for esophageal, 1.03 for stomach, 0.94 for colorectal, 0.93 for pancreatic, 1.10 for laryngeal, 0.88 for lung, 0.96 for breast, 1.06 for endometrial, 1.12 for ovarian, 1.00 for prostate, 0.93 for bladder and 1.13 for lymphoid malignancies. The RR was of borderline significance only for kidney cancer (RR = 1.20; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.00–1.45). All the corresponding continuous estimates ranged between 0.95 and 1.03, and none of them was significant. Among never‐smokers, borderline associations with dietary acrylamide emerged for endometrial (RR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.00–1.51) and ovarian (RR = 1.39; 95% CI, 0.97–2.00) cancers. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies indicates that dietary acrylamide is not related to the risk of most common cancers. A modest association for kidney cancer, and for endometrial and ovarian cancers in never smokers only, cannot be excluded.
Hemodynamic changes associated with the intra-arterial injection of contrast media. New toxicity tests and a new experimental contrast medium.

The use of radiographic contrast agents as indicators for the blood flow determination (10, a) prompted this controlled experimental study. A precise knowledge of the various hemodynamic disturbances is necessary for the evaluation of the limitations of these radiopaque flow indicators. During this study some aspects of the mechanism of toxicity of the contrast media have been elucidated. The results led the author to the development of a new contrast agent—a bis-additive of iothalamate—which seems to be considerably less toxic than any of the currently available water-soluble iodinated radiopaque materials. In addition, two new nonlethal toxicity tests for these media have been developed and are herein presented. Material and Methods The material consists of 79 mongrel dogs weighing between 21 and 28 kg. Twelve animal investigations represent technical failures and will be omitted from this presentation. Thirty-two dogs were studied for the hemodynamic changes occurring in the hind limb after the injecti.
Are Long Term Cryopreservation and Patency of Vein Allograft Truly Achievable

Despite extensive experimental work, neither the effect of long term cryopreservation on vein graft archi tecture nor the failure of alloveins due to graft rejection have yet been investigated. Herein, we investigated ul trastructurally: a) the integrity of rabbit jugular veins following 1, 2 and 3 months of cryopreservation; b) the outcome of the three-month cryopreserved vein autoand allografts after 1 month of implantation in the rabbit carotid artery ; and c) the immunologic response to cryopreserved vein allografts with and without seeded autologous endothelium. Prior to implantation , the cryopreserved rabbit veins were well-maintained except for endothelial cell damage. Following implantation , the cryopreserved vein autografts were comparable to fresh veins with a complete endothelial lining. Conversely , only one of the allograft was still patent with features of acute rejection . After seeding with autologous endothelium , these explants failed shortly after surgery. We found absence of endothelium and necrosis of the media components with neutrophil infiltration. Although three months of cryopreservation does not affect vein graft architecture significantly, endothelial cells are damaged irrespective of the time of cryopreservation. Vein autografts promptly healed after one month of implantation at which time a viable endothelial cell lining was restored from the host artery . Conversely, vein allografts, with and without seeded autologous endothelium, failed due to graft rejection . This study highlights that current methods of cryopreservation do not reduce antigenicity of venous allografts significantly.
Reply to Holliday and Boslough et al.: Synchroneity of widespread Bayesian-modeled ages supports Younger Dryas impact hypothesis

Holliday (1) rejects age-depth models for the Younger Dryas boundary layer (YDB) in Kennett et al. (2), claiming that they are incorrect for several reasons, including age reversals, high age uncertainties, and use of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. These same claims previously were presented in Meltzer et al. (3) and were discussed and refuted in Kennett et al. (2). These criticisms apply to nearly all dated archaeological and geological sequences, including the Odessa meteorite impact crater, where paradoxically, Holliday et al. (4) modeled an impact age using OSL dating (>70% of dates used) with large uncertainties (to >6,000 y) and age reversals (>40% of dates are reversals). Thus, Holliday (1) argues against a practice that he and many other researchers have used and continue to use today. In an ideal world, all dates would be in perfect chronological order with high accuracy and certainty, but such scenarios are rarely possible (2). It is because of such dating difficulties that Bayesian analysis is a powerful chronological tool, and is rapidly becoming the archaeological standard.
The Moderating Effects of Anxiety and Breast Cancer Locus of Control on Depression

Research suggests that depression and anxiety can affect quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Moreover, certain cognitive control beliefs have been implicated in the development and maintenance of both depression and anxiety. The present study examined the relationship between breast cancer locus of control beliefs and depression in early-stage breast cancer survivors. The role of anxiety in moderating the relation between breast cancer locus of control and depression was also examined. Results showed that certain locus of control scores interact with anxiety to predict depression in early-stage breast cancer survivors. Findings further suggest that certain control beliefs previously considered adaptive in non-medically ill populations may be maladaptive in early-stage breast cancer survivors. Implications for further research are discussed.
Syntheses and characterization of anti-inflammatory dinuclear and mononuclear zinc indomethacin complexes. Crystal structures of [Zn2(indomethacin)4(L)2] (L = N,N-dimethylacetamide, pyridine, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) and [Zn(indomethacin)2(L1)2] (L1 = ethanol, methanol).

The syntheses and spectral and structural characterizations of Zn(II) indomethacin [1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid = IndoH] complexes, as different solvent adducts, have been studied. The complexes are unusual in that both monomeric and dimeric complexes are formed and that this is the first example of the same carboxylato ligand binding via both carboxylate oxygen atoms in monomeric and dimeric Zn(II) complexes. The crystal structures of Zn-Indo complexes with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), pyridine (Py), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), EtOH, and MeOH as solvent ligands, [Zn2(Indo)4(DMA)2]. 2DMA, 1, [Zn2(Indo)4(Py)2]. 2H2O, 2b, [Zn2(Indo)4(NMP)2], 3, cis-[Zn(Indo)2(EtOH)2], 4, and cis-[Zn(Indo)2(MeOH)2], 5, were determined. Complexes 1, 2b, and 3 crystallize in the triclinic space group P1 (No. 2): a = 13.628(2) A, b = 17.462(2) A, c = 11.078(1) A, alpha = 99.49(1) degrees, beta = 108.13(1) degrees, gamma = 110.10(1) degrees for 1; a = 13.347(3) A, b = 16.499(5) A, c = 10.857(1) A, alpha = 99.48(2) degrees, beta = 108.25(2) degrees, gamma = 106.24(2) degrees for 2; a = 14.143(3) A, b = 14.521(2) A, c = 11.558(2) A, alpha = 109.07(1) degrees, beta = 90.80(2) degrees, gamma = 116.40(1) degrees for 3. The three complexes exhibit dinuclear paddle-wheel structures with a Zn.Zn distance of 2.9686(6) A, Zn-ORCOO distances of 2.035(2)-2.060(2) A, and a Zn-ODMA distance of 1.989(2) A in 1, a Zn.Zn distance of 2.969(1) A, Zn-ORCOO distances of 2.020(3)-2.049(3) A, and a Zn-NPy distance of 2.036(3) A in 2, and a Zn.Zn distance of 2.934(1) A, Zn-ORCOO distances of 2.009(3)-2.051(3) A, and a Zn-ONMP distance of 1.986(3) A in 3. In these cases, the zinc ions are offset along the z direction such that the L-Zn.Zn-L moiety is nonlinear, unlike the Cu analogues. Each Zn has a square-pyramidal geometry bridged by four carboxylato ligands in the basal plane with the solvent ligands containing an O- or N-donor atom at the apex. Complexes 4 and 5 are isostructural, with space group C2/c (No. 15). For 4, a = 30.080(2) A, b = 5.3638(6) A, c = 24.739(2) A, beta = 90.342(7) degrees, and for 5, a = 29.419(2) A, b = 5.320(2) A, c = 24.461(2) A, beta = 90.840(4) degrees. The Zn resides on a 2-fold axis and the complexes have a distorted cis octahedral structure with Zn-ORCOO bond lengths of 2.183(3) and 2.169(3) A, a Zn-OEtOH bond length of 2.015(3) A in 4, Zn-ORCOO bond lengths of 2.195(2) and 2.151(2) A, and a Zn-OMeOH bond length of 2.022(3) A in 5.
Estimation of sibling recurrence-risk ratio under single ascertainment in two-child families.

To the Editor: Guo (1998) has examined the behavior of the sibling recurrence-risk ratio lS (defined as the ratio of disease manifestation, given that one’s sibling is affected, compared with disease prevalence in the general population) under ascertainment models. He concludes that, for a fictitious, strictly random (i.e., nongenetic and nonenvironmental) disease in which the sibling risks of disease are identical and independent, estimates of lS can be dramatically inflated because of ascertainment bias. One situation that he identifies as being susceptible to bias is the case of single ascertainment. However, we will show here that, at least for two-child families (we do not examine larger families), there is no ascertainment bias under single ascertainment. We argue that Guo finds bias in this situation only because he permits the sibling who is being conditioned on (hereafter referred to as the “index subject”) to be other than the sibling through whom the family is ascertained (the “proband”). This leads to a definition of “sibling recurrence risk in ascertained families” that does not correspond to the definition that researchers in fact use. We do not dispute Guo’s larger claim of ascertainment bias in lS; we dispute only the particular case of single-ascertainment bias in two-child families. As stated above, we consider only two-child families ( ) in the present study. Following Guo, we let Xi k p 2 represent the random variable denoting the affectedness status of a sibling, where if sibling “i” is affected X p 1 i and if sibling “i” is not affected, for . X p 0 i p 1, 2 i Without loss of generality, we let denote the older i p 1 sibling and let denote the younger sibling, and we i p 2 let the sibling recurrence risk represent the risk that the younger sibling will be affected, given that the older sibling is affected. We hereafter use the term “index subject” explicitly to mean the sibling being conditioned on, even though this is not standard terminology. Following the notation of Sham (1998), we denote this recurrence risk “KR”; thus, without loss of generality, . Then , where K p P(X p 1FX p 1) l p K /K R 2 1 S R K is the population prevalence of the disease. Since the denominator of lS—that is, the population prevalence K—is not in question, the real issue is whether the numerator—that is, the sibling recurrence risk KR itself—is biased under single ascertainment. We show that, under generally accepted definitions of sibling recurrence risk in ascertained families, estimates of this risk are not biased. (Throughout, we use “[un]biased” to mean asymptotically [un]biased.) To begin, we assume interchangeability (as does Guo 1998, p. 253), defined here as a lack of birth-order effect. Thus, the marginal probability of being affected is the same for the two siblings:
Energy demand prediction through novel random neural network predictor for large non-domestic buildings

Buildings are among the largest consumers of energy in the world. In developed countries, buildings currently consumes 40% of the total energy and 51% of total electricity consumption. Energy prediction is a key factor in reducing energy wastage. This paper presents and evaluates a novel RNN technique which is capable to predict energy utilization for a non-domestic large building comprising of 562 rooms. Initially, a model for the 562 rooms is developed using Integrated Environment Solutions Virtual Environment (IES-VE) software. The IES-VE model is simulated for one year and 10 essential data inputs i.e., air temperature, dry resultant temperature, internal gain, heating set point, cooling set point, plant profile, relative humidity, moisture content, heating plant sensible load, internal gain and number of people are measured. Datasets are generated from the measured data. RNN model is trained with this datasets for the energy demand prediction. Experiments are used to identify the accuracy of prediction. The results show that the proposed RNN based energy model achieves 0.00001 Mean Square Error (MSE) in just 86 epochs via Gradient Decent (GD) algorithm.
Convergence of SPH Method for Scalar Nonlinear Conservation Laws

This paper is devoted to the study of the convergence of weighted particle approximation of nonlinear multidimensional conservation laws. For Euler equations the method is closely related to the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Extension of the original algorithm is proposed. We use approximate Riemann solvers instead of artificial viscosity in order to stabilize the scheme. The mathematical analysis is performed by connecting this new approach with the finite volume scheme. Convergence of the approximate solution in $L_{loc}^{p}$ ($p<\infty$) towards the unique weak entropy solution of the Cauchy problem is obtained in the scalar nonlinear case by using uniqueness of measure valued solutions.
Laparotomic vs laparoscopic ovariectomy: comparing the two methods. The ovariectomy in the bitch in laparoscopic era

Background and aim: The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ultrasound scalpel during laparoscopic ovariectomy in the bitch. Methods: Two groups of 10 subjects each, of different races and ages, were compared. In the first group, ovariectomy was performed laparoscopically, using harmonic scalpel to remove ovary. In the second group surgery was performed by means of classical laparotomy. Results: Pre-operative time was similar in both groups. Total operative time, from incision to skin suture, showed significant difference between the two groups, being laparoscopy faster than laparotomy. Partial operative time for bilateral oophorectomy resulted lower using open technique, but, considering each ovary, there was no significant difference in both groups. Conclusions: The use of harmonic scalpel to perform ovariectomy during laparoscopy is an effective time-sparing surgical approach compared to the already great practicality of laparotomy. (www.actabiomedica.it)
Glycemic index, postprandial glycemia, and the shape of the curve in healthy subjects: analysis of a database of more than 1,000 foods.

BACKGROUND The glycemic index (GI) characterizes foods by using the incremental area under the glycemic response curve relative to a similar amount of oral glucose. Its ability to differentiate between curves of different shapes, the peak response, and other aspects of the glycemic response is debatable. OBJECTIVE The objective was to explore the association between a food's GI and the shape of the curve in healthy individuals. DESIGN A large database of 1,126 foods tested by standardized GI methodology in 8-12 healthy subjects was analyzed systematically. Each food's absolute and incremental blood glucose concentrations were compared at individual time points with the GI. The average curve was generated for low-GI (< or = 55), medium-GI (56-69), and high-GI (> or = 70) foods within major food categories. RESULTS The GI of individual foods was found to correlate strongly with the incremental and actual peak (Spearman's correlations of r = 0.76 and r = 0.73, respectively), incremental and actual glucose concentration at 60 min (r = 0.70 and r = 0.66, respectively), and maximum amplitude of glucose excursion (r = 0.68) (all P < 0.001). In contrast, there was only a weak correlation between the food's GI and the 120-min glucose concentration (incremental r = 0.20, P < 0.001; absolute r = 0.16, P < 0.001). Within food groups, the mean GI, 30- and 60-min glucose concentrations, and maximum amplitude of glucose excursion varied significantly for foods classified as having a low, medium, or high GI (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The GI provides a good summary of postprandial glycemia. It predicts the peak (or near peak) response, the maximum glucose fluctuation, and other attributes of the response curve.