Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pelvic floor disorders in postpartum adolescents in the Western Amazon: a cross-sectional study

Purpose To analyze the postpartum pelvic floor disorders (PFD) and mode of delivery among adolescents, late adolescents, and young women from Western Amazon. Patients and methods Cross-sectional study was carried out in the urban area of Western Amazon in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, from October 2016 to February 2017. This is a convenience sample of women up to 30 years who completed six months postpartum, separated in three groups according to maternal age: adolescents (age ≤19 years), late adolescents (20–24 years), and young women (25–30 years). Participants were home interviewed and answered Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20). Delivery clinical data were collected from patient’s medical records. Results In total, 285 participants were interviewed: 41 adolescents, 103 late adolescents, and 141 young women. After controlling for confounding factors, prevalences of PFD were higher in the adolescents’ group compared with the young women’s group (urinary incontinence [UI], prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.75, 95% CI 1.14–2.69; urge urinary incontinence [UUI], PR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.02–3.47; stress urinary incontinence, PR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.11–3.62; fecal incontinence [FI], PR = 4.40, 95% CI 1.36–14.27). PFDI-20 scores also presented higher values in the adolescent group (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory [POPDI], PR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.49–2.75; urinary distress inventory [UDI], PR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.47–2.98; PFDI, PR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.47–2.98). Analyzing the influence of cesarean section, adolescents have higher prevalence of UI (PR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.04–3.26, P=0.037), UUI (PR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.03–5.40, P=0.042), and FI (PR = 4.09, 95% CI 1.21–13.81, P=0.023). In addition, POPDI (PR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.60–2.89, P<0.001), UDI (PR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.61–3.16, P<0.001), and PFDI (PR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.68–3.08, P<0.001) scores are also higher among adolescents where the baby is born by cesarean section. Conclusion Adolescents present higher prevalence and symptoms of PFD; furthermore, cesarean delivery has a greater negative influence on the pelvic floor of adolescents when compared with young women. This reinforces the importance of PFD investigation among the adolescent population, mainly in developing countries which have high rates of adolescent pregnancy and cesarean section.
A Metabolomics Profiling of Glaucoma Points to Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Senescence, and Polyamines Deficiency.

Purpose To determine the plasma metabolomic signature of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods We compared the metabolomic profiles of plasma from individuals with POAG (n = 36) with age- and sex-matched controls with cataract (n = 27). A targeted metabolomics study was performed using the standardized p180 Biocrates Absolute IDQ p180 kit with a QTRAP 5500 mass spectrometer. Multivariate analyses were performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Results Among the 151 metabolites accurately measured, combined univariate and multivariate analyses revealed 18 discriminant metabolites belonging to the carbohydrate, acyl-carnitine, phosphatidylcholine, amino acids, and polyamine families. The metabolomic signature of POAG points to three closely interdependent pathophysiologic conditions; that is, defective mitochondrial oxidation of energetic substrates, altered metabolism resembling that observed in senescence, and a deficiency in spermidine and spermine, both polyamines being involved in the protection of retinal ganglion cells. Conclusions Our results highlight a systemic and age-related mitochondrial defect in the pathogenesis of POAG.
Extraction of Premolars for Orthodontic Reasons on the Decline? A Cross-sectional Survey of BOS Members

Objective To obtain the opinion of British Orthodontic Society (BOS) members in relation to possible patterns of prescription of orthodontic extractions over the past 5–10 years and to relate any changes identified to treatment objectives, facial and smile aesthetics, and treatment strategies and adjuncts. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire. Setting On-line survey of BOS members. Methods A 14-item on-line questionnaire was sent to orthodontic practitioners for completion. The questionnaire covered demographics, possible changes in frequency of prescribed extractions with specific information concerning the effect of patient age, and the influence of other factors including alternative approaches to space creation, evolving treatment mechanics, smile and facial aesthetics, and retention protocols. Results Two hundred and eight responses were obtained with 95.6% (n = 199) reporting reduced extraction prescription over the last 5–10 years. Overall, 29.9% and 35.5% felt that their threshold for extractions had increased by more than 2 mm in adolescents and adults, respectively. Facial (n = 145; 69.7%) and smile (n = 127; 61.1%) aesthetics, and increased use of inter-proximal reduction (n = 102; 49%) were the factors most frequently reported as having either a moderate or major influence on this trend. Based on ordinal logistical regression analyses, no significant relationship was found between threshold for extractions and work setting (P = 0.675; O.R. 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39, 1.85) or level of orthodontic experience (P = 0.15; O.R. 1.02; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.05), although a higher threshold for extractions was more likely among users of conventional than self-ligating brackets (P = 0.001; O.R. 4.74; 95% CI: 1.95, 11.5). Conclusions A reduced tendency to prescribe orthodontic extractions over the past 5–10 years among British Orthodontic Society members was identified. Comparative clinical research exploring the relative merits of extraction and non-extraction approaches could be timely.
Nepalese migrants in Japan: What is holding them back in getting access to healthcare?

Introduction Migrants are one of the most deprived and vulnerable groups who receive the least health services in the society. Only a few studies have been conducted on access to healthcare among migrants in Asia, despite hosting 75 million migrants. In Japan, Nepalese migrants constitute the largest South Asian community. Their number increased by three folds from 2011 to 2016. However, little is known about their access to health care in Japan. Based on Andersen's model, we examined the factors associated with access to healthcare among Nepalese migrants in Japan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 642 Nepalese migrants residing in 10 prefectures of Japan. We used multivariable logistic regression model to explore the key predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with access to healthcare among the migrants. Results The migrants who had stayed in Japan longer were more likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.19). The migrants were more likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.17–2.73) when they did not need Japanese language interpreter during visit to health facilities. They were also less likely not to see a doctor/health worker when needed (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.56). The migrants were less likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker when they had not paid the health insurance premium regularly (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.13–0.33). Their low perception of better access to a doctor/health worker was also associated with self-rated health status as poor or fair (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.89). Conclusion Nepalese migrants have poor access to health care in Japan. The key factors associated with their access to health care are the length of stay (predisposing factor), Japanese language skill and health insurance (enabling factors) and self-rated health status (need factor).
A Survey of Test Based Automatic Program Repair

: Testing and debugging have always been the most time-consuming parts of the software development procedure and require large amounts of human resources. When a bug is located, manually fixing it to repair the buggy program is still a difficult and laborious task for developers. Hence automatic program repair techniques, especially the test-based approaches, have drawn great attentions in recent years. Researchers have explored and proposed various novel methods and tools, pushing the idea closer to reality. In this paper, we systematically survey the work in mainstream of test-based program repair (TBR) and discuss the properties automatically generated patches should have. We classify the state-of-the-art approaches for TBR, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses according to their functional mechanisms. Finally, we refer to some empirical results and propose four important issues, which are supposed to be critical and constructive in this research area.
Progress Toward Poliovirus Containment Implementation — Worldwide, 2017–2018

Substantial progress has been made since the World Health Assembly (WHA) resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis in 1988 (1). Among the three wild poliovirus (WPV) types, type 2 (WPV2) was declared eradicated in 2015, and type 3 (WPV3) has not been reported since 2012 (1). In 2017 and 2018, only Afghanistan and Pakistan have reported WPV type 1 (WPV1) transmission (1). When global eradication of poliomyelitis is achieved, facilities retaining poliovirus materials need to minimize the risk for reintroduction of poliovirus into communities and reestablishment of transmission. Poliovirus containment includes biorisk management requirements for laboratories, vaccine production sites, and other facilities that retain polioviruses after eradication; the initial milestones are for containment of type 2 polioviruses (PV2s). At the 71st WHA in 2018, World Health Organization (WHO) Member States adopted a resolution urging acceleration of poliovirus containment activities globally, including establishment by the end of 2018 of national authorities for containment (NACs) to oversee poliovirus containment (2). This report summarizes containment progress since the previous report (3) and outlines remaining challenges. As of August 2018, 29 countries had designated 81 facilities to retain PV2 materials; 22 of these countries had established NACs. Although there has been substantial progress, intensification of containment measures is needed.
Price elasticity of illegal versus legal cannabis: a behavioral economic substitutability analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The evolving legal status of cannabis world-wide necessitates evidence-based regulatory policies to minimize risks associated with cannabis misuse. A prominent concern is the impact legalization may have on the illegal cannabis market, including whether illegal cannabis will serve as a substitute for legal cannabis. Empirical data on this issue are virtually non-existent. This study used behavioral economics to investigate substitutability of legal and illegal cannabis in legalized catchment areas in the United States. DESIGN A substitution-based marijuana purchase task assessed estimated cannabis consumption from concurrently available legal (a dispensary) and illegal (a dealer) sources. Prices of the two options were reciprocally either held constant ($10/gram) or escalated ($0-$60/gram). SETTING US states with legalized recreational cannabis. PARTICIPANTS Adult cannabis users who were at least 21 years old (n = 724; mean age = 34.13; 52% female; 74% Caucasian) were recruited using online crowdsourcing. MEASUREMENTS Mean consumption values were used in demand curve modeling to generate indices of price sensitivity and elasticity. Differences in demand indices were compared using extra sums-of-squares F-tests. FINDINGS Both legal and illegal fixed-price cannabis options had significant positive cross-price elasticities (Ps < 0.001), indicating that higher prices motivate substitution irrespective of legality. However, the presence of a legal alternative had a substantially greater effect on consumption and elasticity of illegal cannabis (∆elasticity = 0.0019; F(1,37) = 160, P < 0.0001) than the presence of an illegal alternative on demand for legal cannabis (∆elasticity = 0.0002; F(1,37) = 48, P < 0.0001), indicating asymmetric substitution. Demand for legal cannabis was significantly greater than for illegal cannabis (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Cannabis users treat legal cannabis as a superior commodity compared with illegal cannabis and exhibit asymmetric substitutability favoring legal product. Cannabis price policies that include somewhat higher consumer costs for legal cannabis relative to contraband (but not excessively higher costs) would not be expected to incentivize and expand the illegal market.
A Comparison of Locking Plates and Intramedullary Pinning for Fixation of Metacarpal Shaft Fractures

Background: Metacarpal shaft fractures that necessitate surgery are frequently fixated with either intramedullary pins or plates and screws. This study compared outcome measurements of these two techniques. Methods: Patients operated on for closed shaft fractures of metacarpals 2-5 were examined at least 1 year after injury. All fractures were fixated by pinning between years 2013 and 2015 and by locking plates and screws between 2016 and 2017. Evaluation included range of motion measurements for all fingers compared with the contralateral hand; comparison of grip strength; finger alignment and rotation; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score; and radiographic measurements of fracture reduction and healing. Results: Thirty patients with 39 fractured metacarpals treated by pinning were compared with 29 patients with 35 fractured metacarpals treated by locking plate and screws. Both groups had similar characteristics and preoperative fracture patterns on radiograph. Patients in the plate group were found to have significantly improved outcomes in total range of motion of the operated digits (loss of 4° extension, 10° flexion, and 14° total vs 10° extension, 19° flexion, and 29° total), grip strength (93% vs 83% of contralateral hand), rotational deformity (5 digits, 1° vs 15 digits, 6°), and DASH score (10.5 vs 15.6). Radiographic bone healing time (59 vs 50 days) and operative time (58 vs 41 minutes) were both significantly longer in fractures fixated by plates. Conclusions: Fixation with locking plates allows earlier mobilization without need for splinting. Our study supports the use of this method over intramedullary pinning for metacarpal shaft fractures.
A conserved loop–wedge motif moderates reaction site search and recognition by FEN1

Abstract DNA replication and repair frequently involve intermediate two-way junction structures with overhangs, or flaps, that must be promptly removed; a task performed by the essential enzyme flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1). We demonstrate a functional relationship between two intrinsically disordered regions of the FEN1 protein, which recognize opposing sides of the junction and order in response to the requisite substrate. Our results inform a model in which short-range translocation of FEN1 on DNA facilitates search for the annealed 3′-terminus of a primer strand, which is recognized by breaking the terminal base pair to generate a substrate with a single nucleotide 3′-flap. This recognition event allosterically signals hydrolytic removal of the 5′-flap through reaction in the opposing junction duplex, by controlling access of the scissile phosphate diester to the active site. The recognition process relies on a highly-conserved ‘wedge’ residue located on a mobile loop that orders to bind the newly-unpaired base. The unanticipated ‘loop–wedge’ mechanism exerts control over substrate selection, rate of reaction and reaction site precision, and shares features with other enzymes that recognize irregular DNA structures. These new findings reveal how FEN1 precisely couples 3′-flap verification to function.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms and psychological wellbeing in healthy adult women: a double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial

Epidemiological evidence has linked low vitamin D status to a range of mood disorders. However, studies examining whether vitamin D supplementation can improve mood-related outcomes in healthy populations are limited. We investigated whether vitamin D supplementation over winter is beneficial for improving mood-related outcomes in healthy women. A total of 152 healthy women (18–40 years) in Dunedin, New Zealand were randomly assigned to receive 50 000 IU (1·25 mg) of oral vitamin D3 or placebo once per month for 6 months. They completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Flourishing Scale every month. Additionally, they reported their positive and negative mood each day for three consecutive days every 2 months. Participants provided a blood sample at the beginning and at the end of the study for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 analysis. ANCOVA was used to compare the outcome measures between the groups, controlling for baseline. We found no evidence of lower depression (P = 0·339), lower anxiety (P = 0·862), higher flourishing (P = 0·453), higher positive moods (P = 0·518) or lower negative moods (P = 0·538) in the treatment group compared with the control group at follow-up. Mood outcomes over the study period were similar for the two groups. We found no evidence of any beneficial effect of monthly vitamin D3 supplementation on mood-related outcomes in healthy premenopausal women over the winter period, so recommendations for supplementations are not warranted in this population for mood-related outcomes.
Increased paracellular permeability of tumor-adjacent areas in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats

Objective: The morphology and functions of the proximal and distal large intestine are not the same. The incidence of colorectal cancer in these regions is also different, as tumors more often appear in the descending colon than in the ascending colon. Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer can increase transepithelial permeability, which is a sign of reduced intestinal barrier function. However, there is not enough evidence to establish a connection between the difference in colorectal cancer incidence in the proximal and distal colon and intestinal permeability or the effects of carcinogenesis on the barrier properties in various areas of the colon. The aim of the study was to assess the permeability of different segments of the large intestine according to a developed mapping methodology in healthy rats and rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon adenocarcinoma. Methods: The short circuit current, the transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular permeability to fluorescein of large intestine wall of male Wistar rats were examined in the Ussing chambers. The optical density of the solution from the serosa side to assess the concentration of the diffused fluorescein from mucosa to serosa was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The morphometric and histological studies were performed by optical microscopy. Results: Rats with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas showed elevated transepithelial electrical resistance in the areas of neoplasm development. In contrast, there was no change in the electrophysiological properties of tumor adjacent areas, however, the paracellular permeability of these areas to fluorescein was increased compared to the control rats and was characterized by sharply reduced barrier function. Conclusions: The barrier properties of the colon vary depending on tumor location. The tumors were less permeable than the intact intestinal wall and probably have a negative influence on tumor-adjacent tissues by disrupting their barrier function.
KEISLER’S ORDER IS NOT LINEAR, ASSUMING A SUPERCOMPACT

Abstract We show that if there is a supercompact cardinal, then Keisler’s order is not linear. More specifically, let Tn,k be the theory of the generic n-clique free k-ary graph for any n > k ≥ 3, and let TCas be the simple nonlow theory described by Casanovas in [2]. Then we show that TCas $$ Tn,k always, and if there is a supercompact cardinal then Tn,k $$ TCas.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Among Children

Importance Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, in children is a rapidly growing public health concern because epidemiologic data indicate a marked increase in the number of emergency department visits for mTBI over the past decade. However, no evidence-based clinical guidelines have been developed to date for diagnosing and managing pediatric mTBI in the United States. Objective To provide a guideline based on a previous systematic review of the literature to obtain and assess evidence toward developing clinical recommendations for health care professionals related to the diagnosis, prognosis, and management/treatment of pediatric mTBI. Evidence Review The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Board of Scientific Counselors, a federal advisory committee, established the Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Guideline Workgroup. The workgroup drafted recommendations based on the evidence that was obtained and assessed within the systematic review, as well as related evidence, scientific principles, and expert inference. This information includes selected studies published since the evidence review was conducted that were deemed by the workgroup to be relevant to the recommendations. The dates of the initial literature search were January 1, 1990, to November 30, 2012, and the dates of the updated literature search were December 1, 2012, to July 31, 2015. Findings The CDC guideline includes 19 sets of recommendations on the diagnosis, prognosis, and management/treatment of pediatric mTBI that were assigned a level of obligation (ie, must, should, or may) based on confidence in the evidence. Recommendations address imaging, symptom scales, cognitive testing, and standardized assessment for diagnosis; history and risk factor assessment, monitoring, and counseling for prognosis; and patient/family education, rest, support, return to school, and symptom management for treatment. Conclusions and Relevance This guideline identifies the best practices for mTBI based on the current evidence; updates should be made as the body of evidence grows. In addition to the development of the guideline, CDC has created user-friendly guideline implementation materials that are concise and actionable. Evaluation of the guideline and implementation materials is crucial in understanding the influence of the recommendations.
LncRNA PVT1 promotes ovarian cancer progression by silencing miR-214

Objective: Emerging evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical in carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian cancer. This study aimed to explore the functions and molecular mechanisms of plasmacytoma variant translocation I (PVT1) in ovarian cancer Methods: PVT1 and miR-214 were detected by qRT-PCR assays in ovarian cancer tissues and cells. The cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were detected by cell functional experiments, respectively. Western blot assay was performed to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. MiR-214 expression regulated by PVT1 was studied by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Results: The expression of PVT1 was up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Elevated PVT1 expression was associated with advanced stage and indicated poor prognosis for ovarian cancer patients. The knockdown of PVT1 impaired SKOV3 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. The promotion of ovarian cancer progression by PVT1 involved in regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and PVT1 interaction with EZH2 represses miR-214 expression in ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions: PVT1 plays an important role in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, which might be as a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.