Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Social Roles on Trait Judgments

Consistent with social role theory’s assumption that the role behavior of men and women shapes gender stereotypes, earlier experiments have found that men’s and women’s occupancy of the same role eliminated gender-stereotypical judgments of greater agency and lower communion in men than women. The shifting standards model raises the question of whether a shift to within-sex standards in judgments of men and women in roles could have masked underlying gender stereotypes. To examine this possibility, two experiments obtained judgments of men and women using measures that do or do not restrain shifts to within-sex standards. This measure variation did not affect the social role pattern of smaller perceived sex differences in the presence of role information. These findings thus support the social role theory claim that designations of identical roles for subgroups of men and women eliminate or reduce perceived sex differences.
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide in the nerve fibres of the porcine gallbladder wall under physiological conditions and after Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides administration.

BACKGROUND Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide is the substance distributed in various parts of the nervous system. The majority of previous studies described this substance in the brain, where it takes part in regulatory processes connected with the food intake. CART is also present in the peripheral nervous system, especially in the enteric neurons and nerves located in the wall of the stomach and intestine, but many aspects of distribution and functions of this peptide in the digestive organs remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of CART-positive nerves in the porcine gallbladder after administration of low-dose Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using the single immunofluorescence technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven days after the injection of 5 μg/kg b.w. LPS S. Enteritidis the gallbladders were collected. CART-positive nerves were studied with standard single immunofluorescence method and counted per observation field (0.1 m2). RESULTS In control animals the average number of CART-positive nerves per observation field (0.1 mm2) amounted to 5.38 ± 0.32, 11.11 ± 1.56 and 2.97 ± ± 0.24 in gallbladder neck, body and fundus, respectively. LPS administration caused the increase in the number of CART-positive fibres in all parts of gallbladder, and these values amounted to 12.74 ± 0.51, 19.75 ± 0.19 and 5.1 ± 0.05 in the gallbladder neck, body and fundus, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results suggest that CART is involved in the neuronal regulatory processes in the porcine gallbladder under physiological conditions, but also during pathological processes, but exact functions of this peptide in this organ remain unexplained and require the further investigation.
Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Pamir: Implications for strain-accommodation mechanisms at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen

Detailed field mapping, geochronologic and thermochronologic analyses, and petrologic investigations conducted along the southern segment of the late Cenozoic Kongur Shan extensional system provide new information on the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Pamir at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Field relations and cooling-age patterns in the hanging wall and footwall of the active faults show a southward decrease in the magnitude of east-west extension along the southern Kongur Shan extensional system, from 20 km or less along the Muztaghata massif in the north, to l3 km along the Tashkorgan fault in the south. These results, in conjunction with previously published work on the northern segment of the Kongur Shan extensional system, show a general southward decrease in east-west extension along the entire length of the extensional system, consistent with models of extension primarily driven by oroclinal bending or radial thrusting of the Pamir. Petrologic data, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar cooling ages, and monazite Th-Pb ages from schists and gneisses in the footwall of the southern Kongur Shan normal fault along the Muztaghata massif record two tectonic events that immediately preceded late Miocene initiation of east-west extension: (1) high-grade schists and gneisses experienced upper amphibolite facies metamorphic conditions (9–10 kbar, 700–750 °C) dated as late Oligocene to middle Miocene by in situ ion-microprobe analyses of monazite inclusions in garnet; and (2) high-grade schists and gneisses were subsequently rapidly exhumed to shallow crustal levels in the late Miocene with 40 Ar/ 39 Ar biotite cooling ages of 7.5–9 Ma. Rapid exhumation was accommodated in part by the east-west–striking, south-dipping, Shenti normal fault. Field relations and regional geologic correlations indicate that this exhumation event was related to the formation of the Central Pamir gneiss domes, and the antiformal Muztaghata massif is the eastward continuation of the Sares dome of the Central Pamir. These observations suggest that the antiformal gneiss domes of the Central Pamir have not been offset across the Karakorum right-slip fault from the Qiangtang anticlinorium in Tibet. Instead, we propose that the development of the Central Pamir gneiss domes may have been related to Oligocene-Miocene northward underthrusting and thickening of crust beneath the Pamir.
Purinergic P2Y6 receptors heterodimerize with angiotensin AT1 receptors to promote angiotensin II–induced hypertension

Aging changes the response of blood vessels to angiotensin II, contributing to hypertension. Raising blood pressure with age Activation of angiotensin AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells by angiotensin II can trigger either proliferation or hypertrophy (the latter of which increases blood pressure), depending on age. Nishimura et al. discovered that an age-related increase in the heterodimerization of AT1 receptors with purinergic P2Y6 receptors explained the different responses to angiotensin II. Blood pressure increased to a lesser extent in response to angiotensin II in mice lacking P2Y6 receptors. Vascular smooth muscle cells from young mice had less P2Y6 receptor than those from older mice. Angiotensin II increased the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells from young mice but increased cell size in those from older mice by activating different signaling pathways. Thus, targeting the interaction between AT1 and P2Y6 receptors may decrease age-associated high blood pressure. The angiotensin (Ang) type 1 receptor (AT1R) promotes functional and structural integrity of the arterial wall to contribute to vascular homeostasis, but this receptor also promotes hypertension. In our investigation of how Ang II signals are converted by the AT1R from physiological to pathological outputs, we found that the purinergic P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R), an inflammation-inducible G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptor (GPCR), promoted Ang II–induced hypertension in mice. In mice, deletion of P2Y6R attenuated Ang II–induced increase in blood pressure, vascular remodeling, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. AT1R and P2Y6R formed stable heterodimers, which enhanced G protein–dependent vascular hypertrophy but reduced β-arrestin–dependent AT1R internalization. Pharmacological disruption of AT1R-P2Y6R heterodimers by the P2Y6R antagonist MRS2578 suppressed Ang II–induced hypertension in mice. Furthermore, P2Y6R abundance increased with age in vascular smooth muscle cells. The increased abundance of P2Y6R converted AT1R-stimulated signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells from β-arrestin–dependent proliferation to G protein–dependent hypertrophy. These results suggest that increased formation of AT1R-P2Y6R heterodimers with age may increase the likelihood of hypertension induced by Ang II.
Study of genetic diversity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.

Twelve wheat genotypes developed through hybridization programme were screened for genetic diversity through RAPD marker. A total of 102 loci were amplified with 14 primers out of which 91 (89.2%) were polymorphic and only 11(10.8%) were monomorphic. Fragments size ranged from 142bp-5.3kb and fragments produced by various primers ranged from 1-11 with an average of 7.1 fragments per primer. The highest number of loci (13) was amplified with primer A10, while the lowest number (1) with primer B-10. Results revealed that variety SARC-1, PKV1600 and Chakwal-86 contain a specific segment of 478 bp while SARC-1 contains another specific segment of 957 bp amplified with primer A-07. Genetically most similar genotypes were SARC-1 and Chakwal-86 (70%) while most dissimilar genotypes were Sarsabz and PKV-1600 (33%). On the basis of results achieved, the varieties could be divided into 3 groups, Kiran-95, Marvi-2000 and Sarsabz in one group, Bhitai, ESW-9525, Inqilab-91, Khirman and Abadgar-93 clustered in second group and SARC-1, Chakwal-86, PKV-1600 and CM 24/87 in the third group.
Does Unemployment Help or Hinder Becoming Independent? The Role of Employment Status for Leaving the Parental Home

Two broad trends in industrialized countries motivate this article: on the one hand, the life phase between youth and adulthood has prolonged and diversified; on the other hand, entering the labour market has become more complex and insecure. The article combines two aspects of these trends by analysing the effect of unemployment on leaving home. Extending previous research, we use a resource-oriented theoretical framework that allows us to elaborate the impact of employment-related resources of different actors. Our main hypothesis is that availability of employment related resources matters for leaving home. Furthermore, we assume that several actors are involved in the decision to leave home: individual, welfare state, parents, and partner. Resources of each can be pooled, and resources of other actors can compensate for own shortages. In the analyses we use life history data of two birth cohorts in West Germany. We find that for young adults with partners own unemployment accelerates leaving home, while for singles leaving home is delayed. Parental resources and unemployment benefits also have only an effect if young adults have no partners. Thus, partnership status plays a crucial role in shaping the transitions of youth to residential independence.
Workplace relationships and the innovative behaviour of nursing employees: a social exchange perspective

This research examines the impact of two organisational factors on the innovative behaviour of nurses. More specifically, this research applies the dimensions of social exchange theory as a lens to develop an understanding into the mediating effect of perceived organisational support on the relationship between leader-member exchange and the innovative behaviour of nursing employees. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, including a survey in which 104 nurses responded with useable results and semi-structured interviews with 12 nursing unit managers (nursing supervisors). The findings confirm that perceived organisational support mediates the relationship between leader-member exchange and the innovative behaviour of nursing employees. This research adds to the current body of literature by providing insight into the impact of workplace relationships upon the individual innovativeness of nurses. In summary, this research provides new information for management seeking to develop an environment that fosters the innovative behaviour of employees.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of t(14;18) in Follicular Lymphoma

Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is one of the most common non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of B cells, being closely associated with a t(14;18) translocation. Detection of t(14;18), which is present in 70–95% of FL, might aid in FL diagnosis. Objective: To compare the efficacy of routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques in detecting t(14;18) in paraffin-embedded tissue samples of FL patients at different stages. Combined with other immunophenotypic biological determinants, detection of t(14;18) might help to determine patients at increased risk according to the FL International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) and therefore facilitate appropriate treatment. Design and Methods: This study was mainly based on a retrospective examination of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes. We selected fixed tissue samples of 21 FL patients treated at the National Cancer Institute Center in the period from 2000 to 2001. Results: FISH techniques could detect 14 of 18 FL cases with a sensitivity of 77.8%, while the PCR technique could detect only 11 of 18 FL cases with a sensitivity of 61.1%, resulting in a statistically significant difference between both techniques (p = 0.004). According to the FLIPI index, 9 of the 18 FL patients were categorized into the high-risk group (50%), 5 in the intermediated-risk group (27.8%) and 4 in the low-risk group (22.2%). Conclusion: The sensitivity of FISH is superior to that of PCR in the detection of the t(14;18) translocation in paraffin-embedded tissue samples. There is a statistically significant correlation between both CD10 and FISH with FLIPI.
EFFECTS OF CHILDREN ’ S TEMPERAMENT ON THE AMOUNT OF ANALGESICS ADMINISTERED BY PARENTS AFTER SURGERY

Temperament, defined as behavioral style, can influence children’s response to adverse events, and may affect both their perception of and response to pain. Previous studies have explored the influences temperament has on pain management, documenting that children with more active, outgoing temperaments report higher levels of pain and receive more analgesics. However, the relationship between children’s temperament and parental administration of pain medication in the home setting has been largely neglected. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to expand upon previous findings by focusing on analgesic administration by parents after outpatient surgery. A total of 273 parents of children ages 0-12 undergoing surgery participated in this study. Parents answered questions regarding their children’s temperament preceding their child’s surgery, and reported their child’s pain intensity and amount of analgesics administered (non-opioid and opioid) on days 1, 3 and 7 after surgery. All analgesic doses were converted to mg/kg. Bivariate correlations revealed no significant associations between medication dosages and children’s activity or sociability. Emotionality and shyness showed significant relationships (p < 0.05) with acetaminophen, ibuprofen and hydrocodone and acetaminophen and hydrocodone, respectively. Hierarchical linear regression models controlling for pain severity indicated that emotionality was a significant independent predictor of acetaminophen (p = 0.02), ibuprofen (p = 0.03) and hydrocodone (p = 0.05) administered. Similar regression models also indicated that shyness was a significant independent predictor of acetaminophen (p = 0.04) and hydrocodone (p = 0.05). Children’s temperament, specifically emotionality and shyness, may influence postoperative pain management by parents, suggesting that parents are responding to children’s behavioral style in addition to pain severity when deciding to administer analgesics at home.
How Children Report True and Fabricated Stressful and Non-Stressful Events 1

As children can be victims or witnesses to crimes and may be required to testify about their experiences in court, the ability to differentiate between children's true and fabricated accounts of victimization is an important issue. This study used automated linguistic analysis software to detect linguistic patterns in order to differentiate between children's true and false stressful bullying reports and reports of non-stressful events. Results revealed that children displayed different linguistic patterns when reporting true and false stressful and non-stressful stories, with non-stressful stories being more accurately discriminated based on linguistic patterns. Results suggest that it is difficult to discriminate accurately and consistently between children's true and false stories of victimization.
Motivating Young EFL Learners Through Effective ClassroomManagement

Finding the best way to catch the attention of young EFL learners through effective classroom management by means of games, realia, role-playing and, drama is of great significance due to the fact that the world of young learners consists of visual images, pictures, and games, so they are under the bombardment of all these. They live in an age of visualization. Depending upon this, it will also be mentioned that how the ELF teachers will catch the attention of the young EFL learners, which is actually one of the problematic area in classroom management. The reason is that just standing in front of the classroom, and trying to teach something to the students make no sense right now, in the stark contrast, the students themselves want movement and action, and they would like to be much more involved in the class. Normally thinking, the learners is not roped to the class. However, the matter is that in order to learn regularly and peacefully, the students must feel themselves relaxed, they should be in peace, it shouldn’t be a kind of torture, and the teacher should vary the activities in the class so as to free from monotonous atmosphere. All of these things leave an impact on the students’ psychology and their motivational level either positively or negatively. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to depict how to motivate young EFL learners through effective classroom management by means of games, realia, role-playings, drama, and body language of the teacher. From this perspective, this study will focus on the sustainable development in the foreign language teaching and learning fundamentally for young EFL learners
The Effectiveness of Relaxation Therapy in the Reduction of Anxiety Related Symptoms (A Case Study)

The aim of present paper is to highlight the significance of relaxation therapy for the reduction of anxiety related symptoms. This paper is based on a case of a girl who was suffering from fatigue and pain hampering her occupational and social life to certain level. Her problem remained unresolved through previous treatment. In psychological clinic psychological interventions of relaxation therapy were applied which included deep breath, instant vacation, ideal relaxation, visualization etc. IPAT Anxiety and IPAT Depression scale were administered before the start of therapy. Detailed history and psycho diagnostic report indicated that client could be diagnosed as having Anxiety Disorder NOS category according to the criteria of DSM-IV-TR. Subsequent to application of different techniques of relaxation therapy client also learned to do it herself at home. After twelve sessions both scales of anxiety and depression were administered again. Results showed drastic decrease in the level of anxiety and depression. Hence as reported by patient there was also reduction in muscle tension, pain, sleep disturbances and her occupational and social functioning were also restored.
Finite Mixtures for Simultaneously Modeling Differential Effects and Nonnormal Distributions

Regression mixture models have been increasingly applied in the social and behavioral sciences as a method for identifying differential effects of predictors on outcomes. Although the typical specification of this approach is sensitive to violations of distributional assumptions, alternative methods for capturing the number of differential effects have been shown to be robust. Yet, there is still a need to better describe differential effects that exist when using regression mixture models. This study tests a new approach that uses sets of classes (called differential effects sets) to simultaneously model differential effects and account for nonnormal error distributions. Monte Carlo simulations are used to examine the performance of the approach. The number of classes needed to represent departures from normality is shown to be dependent on the degree of skew. The use of differential effects sets reduced bias in parameter estimates. Applied analyses demonstrated the implementation of the approach for describing differential effects of parental health problems on adolescent body mass index using differential effects sets approach. Findings support the usefulness of the approach, which overcomes the limitations of previous approaches for handling nonnormal errors.
Is subcortical disease associated with a poor response to antidepressants? Neurological, neuropsychological and neuroradiological findings in late-life depression

Background. Late-life depression is associated with increased subcortical white matter hyper-intensities. There is some evidence that they are associated with a poorer response to acute treatment. Neurological signs and neuropsychological dysfunction are further evidence of abnormalities in the brain, but they have not been studied in relation to therapy resistance. Methods. A prospective study of 24 normal controls and 75 consecutive elderly (aged 65 to 85) patients with DSM-III-R major depression entered a naturalistic study of treatment. Assessment of response to monotherapy and then lithium augmentation or ECT created three outcome groups. Investigations included magnetic resonance brain imaging, neuropsychological and neurological examination. Results. Response to monotherapy within 12 weeks was shown by 42·7%, a further 37·3% responded to lithium augmentation or ECT within 24 weeks and 20% had responded poorly to all treatments at 24 weeks. Subcortical hyperintensities were significantly increased in the more resistant patients. These included confluent deep white matter, multiple (>5) basal ganglia lesions and pontine reticular formation lesions. Most of the neuropsychological impairment was restricted to the resistant groups and was of a subcortico-frontal type. Extrapyramidal, frontal and pyramidal neurological signs characterized the resistant groups. The combination of extrapyramidal signs, pyramidal tract signs and impairment of motor hand sequencing strongly predicted resistance to 12 weeks of antidepressant monotherapy with 89% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Conclusion. In late-life depression a poor response to antidepressant monotherapy can be expected in those patients with a frontal lobe syndrome, extrapyramidal signs or if MRI T2-weighted lesions are present in both the basal ganglia and the pontine reticular formation.
Classifying college students as depressed or nondepressed using the Beck Depression Inventory: an empirical analysis.

Two studies were conducted to assess the consistency of classification of college students as depressed or not depressed. In the first study, classification of students at three depression levels (not depressed, mildly depressed, moderately depressed) was compared using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores obtained on two occasions separated by either a 1-day or a 1-week interval. Whereas the overall test-retest reliability coefficients were acceptable, particularly when both administrations of the BDI occurred on the same day, the consistency of classification of subjects into the mild and moderate levels of depression was poor. In an attempt to determine the factors contributing to the poor classification consistency, a second study compared the effect of exposure to the BDI on subsequent BDI responses. Subjects who completed the BDI on two occasions showed significantly lower BDI scores compared to subjects exposed to an alternate depression inventory (the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale) or no prior questionnaire. In addition, a large percentage of subjects classified as moderately depressed following the initial BDI administration failed to be classified within the moderate categories on retesting the same day. Subjects tested using the Zung Depression Scale maintained the same depression classification when retested on the BDI. Item analyses failed to reveal significantly different amounts of change among individual BDI items.