Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iranian key informants' perspectives towards gender sensitive STIs/HIV/AIDS prevention service delivery

More than 340 million new cases of sexually transmitted infections occur throughout the world every year. The average annual STIs growth rate was 17%from 1998 to 2006 in Iran. As this epidemic has progressed, relevant literatures shown that, gender has a critical element in implementation and impact of these programs. Most reproductive health programs haven’t integrated gender mainstreaming to their service deliveries. In order to explore key informants perspectives towards gender sensitive STIs/HIV/AIDS prevention service delivery, this study was done. Participants including health managers, health policy makers and reproductive health providers were selected purposefully and continued by snow ball sampling. 43 semi-structured in depth interviews with 37 key informants analyzed according to content analysis. Main categories were generated after processing and organizing the codes. Key informants clearly explained the gender sensitive STIs/HIV/AIDS prevention structure in three domains: training gender sensitive providers, facilities and management. In our country, transforming gender neural to more complete gender sensitive STIs/HIV/AIDS prevention services needs structural reforms that make these interventions more effective.
Hydrothermal alteration at the Lonar Lake impact structure, India: Implications for impact cratering on Mars

Abstract— The 50,000 year old, 1.8 km diameter Lonar crater is one of only two known terrestrial craters to be emplaced in basaltic target rock (the 65 million year old Deccan Traps). The composition of the Lonar basalts is similar to martian basaltic meteorites, which establishes Lonar as an excellent analogue for similarly sized craters on the surface of Mars. Samples from cores drilled into the Lonar crater floor show that there are basaltic impact breccias that have been altered by post‐impact hydrothermal processes to produce an assemblage of secondary alteration minerals. Microprobe data and X‐ray diffraction analyses show that the alteration mineral assemblage consists primarily of saponite, with minor celadonite, and carbonate. Thermodynamic modeling and terrestrial volcanic analogues were used to demonstrate that these clay minerals formed at temperatures between 130°C and 200°C. By comparing the Lonar alteration assemblage with alteration at other terrestrial craters, we conclude that the Lonar crater represents a lower size limit for impact‐induced hydrothermal activity. Based on these results, we suggest that similarly sized craters on Mars have the potential to form hydrothermal systems, as long as liquid water was present on or near the martian surface. Furthermore, the Fe‐rich alteration minerals produced by post‐impact hydrothermal processes could contribute to the minor iron enrichment associated with the formation of the martian soil.
On the Robin eigenvalues of the Laplacian in the exterior of a convex polygon

Let $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be the exterior of a convex polygon whose side lengths are $\ell_1,. ,\ell_M$. For $\alpha>0$, let $H^\Omega_\alpha$ denote the Laplacian in $\Omega$, $u\mapsto -\Delta u$, with the Robin boundary conditions $\partial u/\partial\nu =\alpha u$, where $\nu$ is the exterior unit normal at the boundary of $\Omega$. We show that, for any fixed $m\in\mathbb{N}$, the $m$th eigenvalue $E^\Omega_m(\alpha)$ of $H^\Omega_\alpha$ behaves as \[ E^\Omega_m(\alpha)=-\alpha^2+\mu^D_m +\mathcal{O}\Big(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt\alpha}\Big) \quad {as $\alpha$ tends to $+\infty$}, \] where $\mu^D_m$ stands for the $m$th eigenvalue of the operator $D_1\oplus. \oplus D_M$ and $D_n$ denotes the one-dimensional Laplacian $f\mapsto -f"$ on $(0,\ell_n)$ with the Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Sequence Variation in Three Sturgeon Species (A. stellatus Pallas, 1771, A. gueldenstaedtii Brandt, 1833, H. huso Linnaeus, 1758) from the Black Sea Coasts of Turkey

It has been assumed that sturgeons originated in the Tethys Sea, and the Black Sea is their most important diversification center. Hence Turkey has had a significant place throughout history. Although there are some genetic studies about sturgeon species that inhabit the Black Sea, these studies have not included samples from Turkey. In this study, the phylogenetic relationship, cladistic positions, and genetic variations were determined from the Cyt-b (1141bp) mtDNA of 3 sturgeon species (n = 28), collected from Turkish coast of the Black Sea between 2005 and 2007. Nineteen haplotypes, and haplotype diversity ranging from 81.8% to 96.4%, were detected from Cyt-b sequences. Studied A+T rates were found between 52.6 and 53.8% for all species. Ti/Tv rates were estimated for each species: A. gueldenstaedtii (9:1), A. stellatus (7:2), and H. huso (6:0). Nucleotide diversity and nucleotide differences calculated for three species varied from 0.1670. 378% and 1.89-4.2, respectively. Genetic distances were calculated (1.258-5.288%). Each species was separated by phylogenetic reconstruction with a high bootstrap value (100%). All A. gueldenstaedtii samples replaced in the Black Sea Lineage Group and were separated into 2 clades (A and B). Similarly, A. stellatus samples were separated into 2 clades, but H. huso samples were not separated.
Water deficit and water surplus maps for Brazil , based on FAO Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiration

The climatological water balance (CWB) proposed by Thornthwaite and Mather (1957) is a useful tool for agricultural planning. This method requires the soil water holding capacity (SWHC), rainfall (R) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) data as input. Among the methods used to estimate PET, the one proposed by Thornthwaite (1948) is the simplest and the most used in Brazil, however it presents limitations of use, which is caused by its empirical relationships. When Thornthwaite PET method is used into the CWB, the errors associated to PET are transferred to the output variables, mainly water deficit (WD) and water surplus (WS). As all maps of WD and WS for Brazil are based on Thornthwaite PET, the objective of this study was to produce new maps of these variables considering PenmanMonteith PET. For this purpose, monthly normal climate data base (1961-1990) from Brazilian Meteorological Service (INMET), with 219 locations in all country, was used. PET data were estimated by Thornthwaite (TH) and FAO Penman-Monteith (PM) methods. PET, from both methods, and R data were used to estimate the CWB for a SWHC of 100 mm, having as results actual ET (AET), WD and WS. Results obtained with PET from the two methods were compared by regression analysis. The results showed that TH method underestimated annual PM PET by 13% in 84% of the places. Such underestimation also led to AET and WD underestimations of 7% (in 69% of places) and 40% (in 83% of places), respectively. For WS, the use of TH PET data in the CWB resulted in overestimations of about 80% in 78% of places. The differences observed in the CWB variables resulted in changes in the maps of WD and WS for Brazil. These new maps, based on PM PET, provide more accurate information, mainly for agricultural and hydrological planning and irrigation and drainage projects purposes.
Augmented reality for history education

Augmented Reality is live, direct or indirect view of a physical real world environment whose elements are augmented by personal computers (PC) that produces the information such as sound, video, designs or GPS data. This paper shows an instructive mobi le application based system model on Augmented Reality which is used to learn subjects like history through augmented videos. The objective of development of this system model is to make the learning interesting for the young generation. Unity 3D and Vufo ria Augmented Reality Software Development Kit (SDK) is used for the development of this model. The prime purpose of this application model is to enhance the learning process with digital technologies. This paper has step by step implementation instructions for the development of augmented reality modeling that can supplement the current teaching-learning environment to generate interest among young generation in less interesting subjects such as History, Geography, etc.
Post-Harvest Soil Nitrate in Irrigated Corn: Variability Among Eight Field Sites and Multiple Nitrogen Rates

Elevated post-harvest soil NO3 is an indicator that N fertilizer was applied in excess of the amount required to obtain maximum corn (Zea mays L.) yield, and represents a quantifiable environmental risk if water percolates through the soil profile during the fallow season. The reliability of using post-harvest soil NO3 as an indicator of NO3 leaching potential was considered for various field sites with similar soil characteristics and slightly variable rainfall conditions. Six N treatments (surface broadcast) included: (i) 300 and (ii) 250 kg N ha 21 applied at planting; (iii) 250 kg N ha 21 split-applied at planting (1/2) and sidedress (1/2); (iv) 185 kg N ha 21 split-applied at planting (1/3) and sidedress (2/3); (v) 125 kg N ha 21 split-applied at planting (1/5) and sidedress (2/5, 2/5); and (vi) 0 kg N ha 21 . At one site, N treatments were represented in each of two irrigation treatments: 1.03 (optimal) and 1.253 (125% optimal). Soil samples were collected in 30-cm increments at preplant and post-harvest to a 240-cm depth. Sand content exceeded 0.8 g g 21 within the 240-cm soil profile at every site except one; and distinct textural transitions were present within the soil profile at four sites. Maximum grain yield was obtained with ,185 kg Nh a 21 at every site in both years. When less than average water was received at those sites with distinct textural transition (silt and clay to sand) in the upper soil profile, post-harvest soil NO3 for N rates . 180 kg N ha 21 often exceeded 60 kg N ha 21 within a 30-cm sampling depth. When these same sites received additional rainfall, post-harvest results indicated that NO3 had moved down the soil profile, past the textural transition, and perhaps beyond the 240-cm depth. For those sites with uniformly high sand content (0–240 cm), few differences in post-harvest NO3 could be attributed to the N treatments exceeding 185 kg N ha 21 . Nitrate had probably moved beyond 240 cm by the end of the growing season. Slight differences in site characteristics (e.g., textural boundaries) can greatly influence conclusions derived from post-harvest soil sampling regarding the risk of NO3 leaching.
Effect of eight weeks aerobic exercises on physical and physiological variables among college men

Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to find out the effect of aerobic training on selected physical and physiological variables. Selection of Subjects: For the present study 30 male students from Dadapatil Rajale Arts and Science College, Adinathnagar. were selected randomly as the subjects for the study. The age of the subjects ranged between 18 21 years. Selection of Variables: The variables selected for the present study were aerobic training (independent variable), muscular endurance, cardio-respiratory endurance, Resting Heart Rate and Vital Capacity. Methodology: For the study pre test – post test randomized group design, The subjects were further classified at random into two equal groups. Group I underwent aerobic exercises for five days per week for eight weeks experimental group (15 students) and group II acted as control group (15 students) was used. The data were collected through the pre test, before training and post test, after eight weeks of aerobic exercises training. Statistical Technique: For comparing pre and post test means of experimental and control groups of selected physiological variables, descriptive analysis and Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) were used, the data analyzed with the help of SPSS (16.0 version) software and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence. Result: The result of the study showed that there was significant difference between pre and post test (experimental group) of muscular endurance, cardio-respiratory endurance, Resting Heart Rate and Vital Capacity, Another hand there was insignificant difference between pre and post test (control group) of muscular endurance, cardio-respiratory endurance, Resting Heart Rate and Vital Capacity. Conclusion: On the basis of the findings it was concluded that the aerobic training might be responsible for the improvement of selected physical and physiological variables. Like muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, Resting Heart Rate, Vital Capacity (VC).
The Information in Aggregate Data

Ecological analysis involves using aggregate data for a set of groups to make inferences concerning individual level relationships. Typically the data available for analysis consists of the means or totals of variables of interest for geographical areas, although the groups can be organisations such as schools or hospitals. Attention has focused on developing methods of estimating the parameters characterising the individual level relationships across the whole population, but also in some cases the relationships for each of the groups. Applying standard methods used to analyse individual level data, such as linear or logistic regression or contingency table analysis, to aggregate data will usually produce biased estimates of individual level relationships. Thus much of the effort in ecological analysis has concentrated on developing methods of analysing aggregate data that can produce unbiased, or less biased, parameter estimates. There has been less work done on inference procedures, such as constructing confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Fundamental to these inferential issues is the question of how much information is contained in aggregate data and what evidence such data can provide concerning important assumptions and hypotheses.
Time independent fractional Schrodinger equation for generalized Mie-type potential in higher dimension framed with Jumarie type fractional derivative

In this paper we obtain approximate bound state solutions of $N$-dimensional fractional time independent Schr\"{o}dinger equation for generalised Mie-type potential, namely $V(r^{\alpha})=\frac{A}{r^{2\alpha}}+\frac{B}{r^{\alpha}}+C$. Here $\alpha(0<\alpha<1)$ acts like a fractional parameter for the space variable $r$. When $\alpha=1$ the potential converts into the original form of Mie-type of potential that is generally studied in molecular and chemical physics. The entire study is composed with Jumarie type fractional derivative approach. The solution is expressed via Mittag-Leffler function and fractionally defined confluent hypergeometric function. To ensure the validity of the present work, obtained results are verified with the previous works for different potential parameter configurations, specially for $\alpha=1$. At the end, few numerical calculations for energy eigenvalue and bound states eigenfunctions are furnished for a typical diatomic molecule.
Three-dimensional laser microfabrication of metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics

We demonstrate three - dimensional (3D) structuring of materials by femtosecond laser irradiation. The self-organized ordered formation of ripples by a laser raster-scanning on the surface of 4H-SiC is demonstrated. This method is scalable up to areas with sum-millimeter cross-sections. The role of ripple-like structures in the case of the surface and in-bulk micro-structuring of different materials is discussed. The field enhancement effects at the nano-structured surfaces and their role in ripple formation are estimated.
Observation and modeling of fast trapped ion losses due to neoclassical tearing modes

Losses of trapped fast ions in the presence of low-frequency modes are observed in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak [Fusion Science and Technology 44, 569 (2003), Special Issue on ASDEX Upgrade] during ion-cyclotron heated discharges by means of a new fast-ion-losses detector. The expulsion is explained in terms of the magnetic drift induced by the perturbation field when the ratio between the bounce frequency and the toroidal precession frequency equals the toroidal mode number.
Estimating the Economic Effects of Gmos: The Importance of Policy Choices and Preferences

The new agricultural biotechnologies that are generating transgenic or genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are attracting an exceptionally large degree of opposition to their production and trade. Both environmental and food safety concerns have been raised by opponents to the development of transgenic crops. The vast majority of opponents want at least to have labels on products that may contain GMOs, while the most extreme of them (particularly in Western Europe) want to see GM crops totally excluded from production and consumption in their country. This extreme view contrasts with the more relaxed attitude towards the use of GMOs in pharmaceuticals, and swamps discussions of the positive attributes of the new technology. Also associated with that view is the idea that we should not try to measure the economic and other effects of GMOs because there is too much uncertainty surrounding the technology. We beg to differ with the latter sentiment, believing that without attempts to quantify the economic effects of GMOs, opinion formation and policy making would be even less well informed because it would have to depend even more on guesswork. To illustrate the usefulness of quantitative models for informing GMO debates, the present paper draws on three recent studies by the authors that use existing empirical models of the global economy to examine what the effects of widespread adoption of genetically modified crop varieties in some (non-European) countries might be in light of different policy and consumer preference responses. Specifically, the effects of an assumed degree of GMO-induced productivity growth in selected countries for cotton, rice, and maize plus soybean are explored. In the latter case those results are compared with what they would be if (a) Western Europe chose to ban consumption and hence imports of those products from countries adopting GM technology or (b) some Western European consumers and intermediate users responded by boycotting imported GM crops. Then another global CGE model is introduced which distinguishes GM-inclusive from GM-free maize and soybean. It is used to explore the impact of increased preferences for GM-free food. The final section discusses areas where future empirical work of this sort might focus.
Some Fungi and Water Molds in Waters of Lake Michigan with Emphasis on Those Associated with the Benthic Amphipod Diporeia spp

Abstract To determine types of fungi in the water and associated with the benthic amphipod Diporeia spp. , samples were collected at various depths in Lake Michigan in an area where the Diporeia population was in a severe state of decline. No fungi were found associated with living, freshly-dead, or dried Diporeia cultured separately from Lake Michigan water. When dead Diporeia and other organic substrates (snake skin and hemp seeds) were used to grow fungi in Lake Michigan water, a rich and diverse fungal and water mold community was revealed. A total of 31 species were found, with the most common genera being Achlya, Aphanomyces, Myzocytium, and Pythium. In general, species were homogeneously distributed in the water; that is, few differences were found in species richness between nearshore (10–15 m) and offshore (60–80 m) waters, and between near-surface (1 m) and near-bottom waters (1 m off bottom). Sampling occurred during the unstratified period (April and October) to maximize the number of species collected, which may have contributed to the uniform spatial pattern observed. While conclusions must be placed in context with our methods of detection, we found no evidence that a fungal infestation was associated with Diporeia in this region of the lake.
Implementation of Medical Assistance in Dying: An evaluation of clinician knowledge and perceptions at a large urban multi-site rehabilitation centre in Toronto

Objective: Evaluate clinician knowledge and perceptions to ensure the newly implemented Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) policies and guidelines are understood correctly to help facilitate the best possible experience for patients and their families.Methods: One hundred and twenty-five clinicians completed a survey, developed for this study, to determine their perceptions and knowledge base related to MAID.Results: The average grade on the knowledge-based portion of the survey was 69%. On average, respondents displayed a good understanding (84%) of the legislated eligibility criteria while room for improvement was noted for facility specific policy questions (65%) and general principle questions (71%). Analysis of perception-based questions indicated most respondents were in support of MAID, however, they expressed mixed feelings towards the ease of having MAID related conversations. Respondents expressed mixed opinions in relation to whether the facility was providing adequate training to staff. Sixty-four percent of respondents expressed interest in receiving further training relating to MAID.Conclusions: Education for healthcare providers to ensure they understand the relevant hospital policy and guidelines is critical to improve compliance with the implementation of MAID. It is important to continue to understand and support the perceptions of clinicians to ensure that MAID is administered correctly and as effectively as possible.
Increasing amino acid density improves live performance and carcass yields of commercial broilers

SUMMARY It has been a tendency for broiler integrators in the US to reduce dietary nutrient density to lower overall input costs of broiler production. Dietary nutrient density is routinely scrutinized because feed represents over half of the live production costs. Numerous nutritionists and researchers from the supplier side of poultry production are arguing that the reduced dietary nutrient density regimen currently employed by some integrators is not an effective means of increasing profitability, especially when producing large, high-yield broilers for markets geared toward saleable white meat. This research evaluates nutrient density in various phases throughout life in Ross 508 male and female broilers to better understand the impact of reduced dietary nutrient density, mimicking the reduced dietary cost scenarios used by some broiler integrators. Diets were provided to broilers in 4 phases from 1 to 14, 15 to 28, 29 to 35, and 36 to 49 d of age, in which treatments of high (H), medium (M), and low (L) amino acid densities were used. The combinations of nutrient density and feeding phases resulted in treatments of 1) HHHH, 2) HHML, 3) HHLL, 4) HMML, 5) HMLL, 6) HLLL, 7) MMMM, and 8) LLLL. Male broilers were more sensitive to amino acid density reductions than females. Reduction of nutrient density in the early feeds was detrimental for most parameters tested. High nutrient density throughout life (HHHH) optimized breast meat yield, whereas reductions in nutrient density reduced growth and breast meat yield and increased corrected feed conversion and leaf fat. Integrators feeding slow-maturing, high-yield broilers with low and moderate nutrient dense diets may produce broilers with suboptimal growth and breast meat yield, although moderate diets may result in good feed conversion.