Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Lattice-Boltzmann/FW-H Method to Predict Sources and Propagation of Landing Gear Noise

A hybrid approach to predict the far-field noise generated by an airplane nose landing gear is presented in this paper. The approach consists of a Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM) for the calculation of the flow-field around the fully detailed geometry of the landing gear which provides the input for a Ffowcs Williams – Hawkings (FW-H) solver to calculate the far-field noise. Both parts have been validated independently. The method is applied to the nose landing gear of a Gulfstream G550 business jet, for comparison with experimental results obtained in the University of Florida UFAFF wind tunnel. The near-field flow simulation using the LBM method showed good correlation with the PIV measurements of the flow field as well as surface microphone measurements, up to frequencies of about 4kHz. The comparison to experimental far-field results shows good agreement in the midfrequency range of 1-3kHz. At both low and high frequencies the simulations underpredict the measured results more strongly than the near field and surface measurements would suggest, which may be due to experimental limitations. A comparison between the solid and porous formulation of the FW-H solver shows that both method provide nearly equivalent results. However, inclusion of additional surfaces such as part of the fuselage is critical to achieving good results with the solid formulation. The effects of resolution of the near-field simulations are also investigated and show the expected lower cut-off frequency for lower resolutions for both the near-field and the far-field. No differences between the cases with different resolutions are observed up to 1 kHz in the near-field and up 2-3kHz in the farfield.
Classification of lattice walks in the quarter plane

Diese Masterarbeit handelt von Gitterwegen. Gitterwege sind gerichtete Polygonzuge mit ganzzahligen Eckpunkten, wobei nur eine fixe Menge an Schritten zugelassen ist. Bei uns werden dies meist eine Teilmenge der sogenannten einfachen Schritte, die den Himmelsrichtungen N, NO, O, SO, S, SW, W und NW entsprechen, sein. Oft stellt man auch Einschrankungen an das Gebiet, das der Weg nicht verlassen darf, wie etwa die Halbebene, die Viertelebene oder den Keil zwischen einer Diagonale und der x-Achse. Wir werden uns hier uberwiegend auf die algebraischen Eigenschaften der erzeugenden Funktionen eines Gitterwegs konzentrieren. Da diese bei der ganzen Ebene und der Halbebene einfach zu klassifizieren sind, betrachten wir hier meistens Wege mit einfachen Schritten in der Viertelebene, die erst unlangst vollstandig klassifiziert wurden. Fur viele Schrittmengen arbeitet diese Klassifikation mit einer Korrespondenz zwischen der Schrittmenge und einer Gruppe. Nur bei den so genannten Gessel-Wegen schlagt diese Methode fehl. In den letzten Jahren entstanden allerdings drei unterschiedliche Beweise fur die Algebraizitat der Gessel-Wege, die wir etwas genauer beleuchten werden. Zu guter Letzt werde ich auch noch einen Ausblick uber Gitterwege mit anderen Schritten oder in anderen Regionen sowie uber Gitterwege in drei Dimensionen geben.
Maternal Insufflation during the Second Trimester Equivalent Produces Hypercapnia, Acidosis, and Prolonged Hypoxia in Fetal Sheep

Background:Anecdotal reports suggest that the second trimester is the safest time to conduct a laparoscopic procedure on a pregnant patient, but this supposition has not been tested empirically. Methods:Previously instrumented preterm sheep (total n = 8) at gestational day 90 (term, 145 days) were anesthetized and then insufflated with carbon dioxide for 60 min at a pressure of 15 mmHg. Cardiovascular parameters were continuously recorded while blood gas status was determined before and at 15-min intervals during and up to 2 h after insufflation. Results:Insufflation produced minimal maternal blood gas or cardiovascular changes except for a significant reduction in uterine blood flow. The decrease in perfusion increased fetal arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide and decreased fetal pH, oxygen saturation, and oxygen content; there was also progressive fetal hypotension and bradycardia. After manually deflating the ewe, uterine blood flow returned to normal, and the fetal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and pH changes resolved within 1 h. However, fetal oxygen saturation and content remained depressed, and fetal cardiovascular status continued to decline during the 2-h postinsufflation monitoring period. Conclusion:Previous studies with near-term sheep determined that carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum produces respiratory acidosis but does not decrease fetal oxygenation. In contrast, the current findings indicate that in the preterm fetus, insufflation-induced hypercapnia and acidosis are accompanied by prolonged fetal hypoxia and cardiovascular depression. This result suggests that additional work should be conducted to confirm the presumed safety of conducting minimally invasive procedures during the second trimester.
Delusional Misidentification of Persons in Dementia

The misidentification of a familiar person or of oneself may occur as a complication of dementia. Seven patients experienced alterations of the sense of familiarity for a familiar object or place, for the misidentified person in a novel role, for personal characteristics, or for unfamiliar events as familiar. Five of these had persecutory delusions. These cases suggest that person misidentification in dementia begins with an altered sense of familiarity for a familiar person from a mismatch of new perceptions with past memories. They are sustained by paranoid elaboration or confabulatory rationalisation of a double.
Rectal Motility in Pediatric Constipation

Objectives: Constipation is a common disorder in children, but little is known about its etiology. Rectal impedance planimetry determines segmental rectal cross-sectional area (CSA) and pressure, allowing detailed description of rectal motility. The aim of the present study was to compare rectal motility in healthy and constipated children. Methods: We analyzed data from 10 children (1 girl) with constipation according to the Rome III criteria, mean age 8.8 years (standard deviation ± 1.2), and 10 healthy children (5 girls), mean age 9.9 years (standard deviation ± 1.5). CSA was determined at 3 levels (4, 5.5, and 7 cm from the anal verge). The resting rectal motility was recorded for 30 minutes followed by a distension protocol to assess compliance. Runs of phasic rectal contractions were defined as changes of >10% from baseline CSA and lasting at least 2 minutes. Rectal dimensions were expressed as mean CSA. Results: A low-amplitude contraction pattern (3%–5% of baseline CSA) with a frequency of 6 to 8/minute was present in all of the children. There was significantly more time with phasic rectal contractions in constipated children (median 38%, range [0–100]) compared with healthy children (median 8.8%, range [0–57]) (P < 0.05). The rectal CSA was higher in constipated children (median 1802 mm2 [range 1106–2948]) compared with healthy children (1375 mm2 [range 437–1861]) (P < 0.05), but compliance did not differ (constipated: median 38 mm2/H2O [range 12–86] vs healthy 33 mm2/H2O [range 10–63]) (P = 30). Conclusions: In children with constipation, we found phasic rectal contractions for a significantly longer period compared with healthy children, and their rectum is larger than normal.
Experimental results on constructed wetland pilot system.

Research into a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment using M.H. E.A. (Hierarchical Mosaic of Artificial Ecosystems) pilot system was carried out over a vegetative period in 8 different flow and vegetable composition series. The system consisted of a free water pond as a first step working as primary treatment followed by a zone with Typha sp. and surface flow and finally a woody zone with a subsurface flow and planted with ligneous species (Salixsp., Populus sp., Fraxinus sp. and Alnus sp.). Removal efficiency in the study reflects an optimal result: 80-99% total suspended matter removal, 82-98% organic matter removal, 70-98% nutrients removal and up to 99.9% faecal bacterial disinfecting. Effluent characteristics were in accordance with European Union legislation criteria for wastewater treatment systems.
Resource implications for a population-based colorectal cancer screening program in Canada: a study of the impact on colonoscopy capacity and costs in London, Ontario.

OBJECTIVE Cancer Care Ontario has recommended a population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program using fecal occult blood testing. Patients who test positive should undergo further investigation, preferably colonoscopy. So far, no studies have been performed to quantify the costs or demands on the health care system at the community level. The number of consultations, colonoscopies and polypectomies, and the corresponding direct medical costs generated by the CRC screening program, between 2006 and 2015 in London, Ontario, were estimated using a decision analysis model in comparison with the population health model. METHODS A faxed survey study was conducted to examine the current CRC screening practice among family physicians in London. Data from the survey and randomized studies were applied to a decision analysis model, which simulated the steps involved in population-based biennial and annual CRC screening between 2006 and 2015. The number of consultations, colonoscopies and polypectomies, and their associated costs were calculated. RESULTS For a cohort population of 140,000, between 50 and 74 years of age, in 2006 to 2015, it is estimated that an average of 412 consultations, 463 colonoscopies and 174 polypectomies will be performed per 100,000 screen eligible population per year in biennial screening, and double in annual screening, reflecting an average of 8.7% or 17.6% increase annually in outpatient colonoscopies, respectively, compared with 2003. A mean of $285,000 or $562,000 per year would be required to support the extra consultation and endoscopic procedures generated by the biennial or annual screening. CONCLUSION Population-based fecal occult blood testing screening for CRC appears to be a manageable strategy if a modest increase in endoscopic resources is allocated.
Communications in Mathematical Physics Wall-Crossing , Free Fermions and Crystal Melting

We describe wall-crossing for local, toric Calabi-Yau manifolds without compact four-cycles, in terms of free fermions, vertex operators, and crystal melting. Firstly, to each such manifold we associate two states in the free fermion Hilbert space. The overlap of these states reproduces the BPS partition function corresponding to the noncommutative Donaldson-Thomas invariants, given by the modulus square of the topological string partition function. Secondly, we introduce the wall-crossing operators which represent crossing the walls of marginal stability associated to changes of the B-field through each two-cycle in the manifold. BPS partition functions in non-trivial chambers are given by the expectation values of these operators. Thirdly, we discuss crystal interpretation of such correlators for this whole class of manifolds. We describe evolution of these crystals upon a change of the moduli, and find crystal interpretation of the flop transition and the DT/PT transition. The crystals which we find generalize and unify various other Calabi-Yau crystal models which appeared in literature in recent years.
Use of calcitonin to prevent complex regional pain syndrome type I in severe hemiplegic patients after stroke

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of calcitonin in preventing complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS) in patients with severe hemiplegia following stroke. Methods. In this observer-blinded, controlled study comparison with historical controls between April 2003 and May 2004, subjects comprised consecutive patients with post-stroke hemiplegia admitted between June 2004 and September 2005, with any upper limb or finger graded as Brunnstrom stage (BrST) III or below. One group was administered intramuscular injection of 20 units of elcatonin (EL) (Asu1–7 eel calcitonin) weekly from immediately after admission to discharge, together with rehabilitation therapy. The control group received rehabilitation therapy alone. Patients were observed during the in-hospital rehabilitation period. The main outcome measure was onset of CRPS. Results. Incidence of CRPS in all patients with post-stroke hemiplegia during the control period was about 8.2%, similar to recent studies. Limited to serious hemiplegic patients graded as BrST III or below, incidence of CRPS was significantly lower in the EL group (12.5%) than in controls (57.1%). No significant differences in patient background were seen between groups. CRPS was completely prevented when EL injection was started ≤4 weeks after stroke, but prophylactic effects were weak when EL was started >6 weeks after stroke. Conclusion. Intramuscular calcitonin appears to suppress onset of CRPS after stroke, particularly when started early after stroke.
The effect of tropomyosin on force and elementary steps of the cross‐bridge cycle in reconstituted bovine myocardium

The role of tropomyosin (Tm) in the elementary steps of the cross‐bridge cycle in bovine myocardium was investigated. The thin filament was selectively removed using gelsolin (thin filament severing protein), and the actin filament was reconstituted from G‐actin. Tm was further reconstituted without troponin (Tn), and the kinetic constants of the elementary steps of the cross‐bridge cycle were deduced using sinusoidal analysis at pCa ≤ 4.66, pH 7.00, and 25°C. The association constant of MgATP to cross‐bridges (K1) after reconstitution of Tm was 20.7 ± 2.3 mm−1, which was about 2 × the control (untreated) myocardium (9.1 ± 1.3 mm−1). Following reconstitution of Tm, the equilibrium constant of the cross‐bridge detachment step (K2), the phosphate (Pi) association constant (K5) and the equilibrium constant of the force‐generation step (K4), which significantly changed in the actin filament‐reconstituted myocardium, recovered to those of the control myocardium. Active tension after reconstitution of Tm was 0.69 × the control myocardium, a value between the control (1.00 ×) and the actin filament‐reconstituted myocardium (0.59 ×). Tm‐reconstituted myocardium was further reconstituted with Tn, and the effect of MgATP on the rate constants (K1, K2) was studied. Following reconstitution with Tn, the myocardium regained the Ca2+‐sensitivity and the active tension became 0.83 × the control myocardium. In addition, K1 recovered to the value of the control myocardium with Tn reconstitution. These results indicate that both Tm and Tn enhance the force generated by each cross‐bridge, and that Tm is primarily responsible for the change in the kinetic constants of the elementary steps of the cross‐bridge cycle.
A prospective study of 63 couples with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion: contributing factors and outcome of subsequent pregnancies.

To evaluate the possible causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and to elucidate the prognosis for subsequent pregnancies 63 RSA patients were studied. Parental karyotyping revealed chromosomal aberrations in six of the 63 couples (4.8%). The rate of increased concentrations of antibodies against cardiolipin was comparable in the patients (10.0%) and in 30 parous controls (6.7%), as was also the occurrence of other autoantibodies (43.3 and 36.7%, respectively). Hysteroscopy revealed uterine cavity abnormalities in 11 of the 55 patients studied (20.0%). Altogether, for 35 RSA women (55.4%) investigations resulted in entirely normal findings; abnormal findings were more frequently encountered in primary aborters (56.8%) than in secondary aborters (26.9%, P < 0.05). During the follow-up period of 24.1 +/- 15.4 months, 48 patients became pregnant a total of 65 times, and the cumulative live birth rate was 62.5%. A living fetus was seen in ultrasound examination in 46 pregnancies (70.7%), whereas a blighted ovum was diagnosed in nine pregnancies (13.8%). An additional nine pregnancies aborted so suddenly that no ultrasound examination was performed, and one ectopic pregnancy was treated laparoscopically. Of the initially viable pregnancies, 13 (28.3%) ended in miscarriage and two were terminated due to fetal anomalies. Normal findings in the investigations were associated with a smaller risk for abortion (40.0%) than were abnormal findings (65.5%, P < 0.05). Of the 30 babies, six (20.0%, with babies from one twin pregnancy excluded) were growth-retarded, 9.7% were born before 37 weeks of gestation, and 22.8% of the mothers had impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Consume Now or Later? Time Inconsistency, Collective Choice and Revealed Preference

This paper develops a revealed preference methodology for exploring whether time inconsistencies in household choice are the product of nonstationarities at the individual level or the result of individual heterogeneity and renegotiation within the collective unit. An empirical application to household-level microdata highlights that an explicit recognition of the collective nature of choice allows the vast majority of household behaviour to be rationalised by theory that assumes preference stationarity at the individual level. For our particular short panel data set, simply permitting limited intrahousehold heterogeneity in time preferences allows the choices of 98.4% of the sample to be rationalised by a model that assumes exponential discounting at the individual level. We also find that couples characterized by lower divergence in spousal discount rates are older, more likely to have children and wealthier, which we take as indications of experiencing higher match quality.
A novel KCND3 gain-of-function mutation associated with early-onset of persistent lone atrial fibrillation.

AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, and early-onset lone AF has been linked to mutations in genes encoding ion channels. Mutations in the pore forming subunit KV4.3 leading to an increase in the transient outward potassium current (Ito) have previously been associated with the Brugada Syndrome. Here we aim to determine if mutations in KV4.3 or in the auxiliary subunit K(+) Channel-Interacting Protein (KChIP) 2 are associated with early-onset lone AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred and nine unrelated early-onset lone AF patients (<40 years) were recruited. The entire coding sequence of KCND3 and KCNIP2 was bidirectionally sequenced. One novel non-synonymous mutation A545P was found in KCND3 and was neither present in the control group (n = 432 alleles) nor in any publicly available database. The proband had onset of persistent AF at the age of 22, and no mutations in genes previously associated with AF were found. Electrophysiological analysis of KV4.3-A545P expressed in CHO-K1 cells, revealed that peak-current density was increased and the onset of inactivation was slower compared with WT, resulting in a significant gain-of-function both in the absence and the presence of KChIP2. CONCLUSION Gain-of-function mutations in KV4.3 have previously been described in Brugada Syndrome, however, this is the first report of a KV4.3 gain-of-function mutation in early-onset lone AF. This association of KV4.3 gain-of-function and early-onset lone AF further supports the hypothesis that increased potassium current enhances AF susceptibility.
Kv1 K+ Channels Control Purkinje Cell Output to Facilitate Postsynaptic Rebound Discharge in Deep Cerebellar Neurons

Purkinje cells (PCs) generate the sole output of the cerebellar cortex and govern the timing of action potential discharge from neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Here, we examine how voltage-gated Kv1 K+ channels shape intrinsically generated and synaptically controlled behaviors of PCs and address how the timing of DCN neuron output is modulated by manipulating PC Kv1 channels. Kv1 channels were studied in cerebellar slices at physiological temperatures with Kv1-specific toxins. Outside-out voltage-clamp recordings indicated that Kv1 channels are present in both somatic and dendritic membranes and are activated by Na+ spike-clamp commands. Whole-cell current-clamp recordings revealed that Kv1 K+ channels maintain low frequencies of Na+ spike and Ca-Na burst output, regulate the duration of plateau potentials, and set the threshold for Ca2+ spike discharge. Kv1 channels shaped the characteristics of climbing fiber (CF) responses evoked by extracellular stimulation or intracellular simulated EPSCs. In the presence of Kv1 toxins, CFs discharged spontaneously at ∼1 Hz. Finally, “Kv1-intact” and “Kv1-deficient” PC tonic and burst outputs were converted to stimulus protocols and used as patterns to stimulate PC axons and synaptically activate DCN neurons. We found that the Kv1-intact patterns facilitated short-latency and high-frequency DCN neuron rebound discharges, whereas DCN neuron output timing was markedly disrupted by the Kv1-deficient stimulus protocols. Our results suggest that Kv1 K+ channels are critical for regulating the excitability of PCs and CFs and optimize the timing of PC outputs to generate appropriate discharge patterns in postsynaptic DCN neurons.
Localization of nucleolar organizing regions in pinniped karyotypes.

A silver-staining technique was used for determining the localization of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) in the four principal pinniped karyotypes. The otariid and odobenid karyotypes were represented by Arctocephalus pusillus (2n=36) and Odobenus rosmarus (2n=32), respectively. The 2n=34 phocid karyotype was represented by Cystophora cristata and the 2n=32 karyotype by Phoca largha and P. fasciata. In each of the karyotypes, only one pair carries a NOR site. This is consistent with the presence of a secondary constriction in one pair only. The limited differences that separate the otariid and odobenid karyotypes involve the NOR pair. The otariid NOR pair is a rather small metacentric with the NOR site in the shorter arm. The odobenid NOR pair is a rather large submetacentric with the NOR site in the middle of the long arm. The translocation separating the 2n=34 and 2n=32 phocid karyotypes also involves the NOR pair. Thus, the chromosomal localization of NOR is not rigid. Together with recent advances in pinniped paleontology, the present results were interpreted as consistent with diphyletic origin of the pinnipeds from two ancestral lineages, one otariid—odobenid and one phocid, which entered the marine environment separately.