Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF X-RAY AND MID-INFRARED SELECTION OF OBSCURED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

We compare the relative merits of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selection at X-ray and mid-infrared wavelengths using data from moderately deep fields observed by both Chandra and Spitzer. The X-ray-selected AGN sample and associated photometric and spectroscopic optical follow-up are drawn from a subset of fields studied as part of the Serendipitous Extragalactic X-ray Source Identification (SEXSI) program. Mid-infrared data in these fields are derived from targeted and archival Spitzer imaging, and mid-infrared AGN selection is accomplished primarily through application of the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) color–color AGN “wedge” selection technique. Nearly all X-ray sources in these fields which exhibit clear spectroscopic signatures of AGN activity have mid-infrared colors consistent with IRAC AGN selection. These are predominantly the most luminous X-ray sources. X-ray sources that lack high-ionization and/or broad lines in their optical spectra are far less likely to be selected as AGNs by mid-infrared color selection techniques. The fraction of X-ray sources identified as AGNs in the mid-infrared increases monotonically as the X-ray luminosity increases. Conversely, only 22% of mid-infrared-selected AGNs are detected at X-ray energies in the moderately deep (〈texp〉 ≈ 100 ks) SEXSI Chandra data. We hypothesize that IRAC sources with AGN colors that lack X-ray detections are predominantly high-luminosity AGNs that are obscured and/or lie at high redshift. A stacking analysis of X-ray-undetected sources shows that objects in the mid-infrared AGN selection wedge have average X-ray fluxes in the 2–8 keV band 3 times higher than sources that fall outside the wedge. Their X-ray spectra are also harder. The hardness ratio of the wedge-selected stack is consistent with moderate intrinsic obscuration, but is not suggestive of a highly obscured, Compton-thick source population. It is evident from this comparative study that in order to create a complete, unbiased census of supermassive black hole growth and evolution, a combination of sensitive infrared, X-ray, and hard X-ray selection is required. We conclude by discussing what samples will be provided by upcoming survey missions such as WISE, eROSITA, and NuSTAR.
Influence of an Enriched Environment and Cortical Grafting on Functional Outcome in Brain Infarcts of Adult Rats

The purpose of this work was to study if enriched housing conditions and fetal neocortical transplantation could enhance the functional outcome after focal brain ischemia in adult rats. The right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was ligated in 34 inbred, spontaneously hypertensive male rats, which were then randomly divided into three groups. Groups A and B were transferred to an enriched environment, i.e., a large cage with opportunities for various activities but not forcing the rats to do any particular tasks; group C was kept in standard laboratory cages. Three weeks after the MCA occlusion blocks of fetal neocortical tissue (Embryonic Day 17) were transplanted to the infarct cavity in groups B and C. Rats in group A (n = 11) and group B (n = 11) performed equally well and significantly better than rats in group C (n = 10) when placed on an inclined plane and when traversing a rotating pole 6 and 9 weeks after the MCA occlusion and in a leg placement test at 9, but not 6 and 12 weeks. Skilled forelimb function did not differ between the groups. Infarct size and thalamic atrophy did not differ between the groups and graft size was similar in group B and C. There was no correlation between infarct size and motor function in any of the tests in rats housed in an enriched environment. Since the environment can significantly alter functional outcome without reducing infarct size we suggest that more attention should be given to the role of the laboratory environment and to long term behavioral outcome in experimental stroke.
Primary Fetal Hydrothorax: A Literature Review and Proposed Antenatal Clinical Strategy

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors for primitive fetal hydrothorax (PFHT) and propose a clinical strategy based on systematic literature review. Methods: We reviewed 64 articles describing 204 cases of PFHT. For each case we focused on 11 criteria. We investigated prognostic factors in the 89 cases where no in utero treatment was undertaken. We also studied the impact of different in utero treatments on the evolution of PFHT. Results: We have found 4 factors correlated with the course of PFHT: the presence of hydrops, gestational age at time of birth, the unilateral or bilateral nature of the effusion, and the occurrence of spontaneous resolution. With multivariate analysis, only hydrops remained determinant as a prognostic factor. Conclusions: Studies such as ours, reviewing case reports or series, are subject to the biases of literature underreporting of therapeutic failures or nonintervention. However (with the best available data) we propose a clinical approach to PFHT discovered in utero.
Stereochemical course of enzymatic enolpyruvyl transfer and catalytic conformation of the active site revealed by the crystal structure of the fluorinated analogue of the reaction tetrahedral intermediate bound to the active site of the C115A mutant of MurA.

MurA (UDP-GlcNAc enolpyruvyl transferase), the first enzyme in bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, catalyzes the enolpyruvyl transfer from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the 3'-OH of UDP-GlcNAc by an addition-elimination mechanism that proceeds through a tetrahedral ketal intermediate. The crystal structure of the Cys115-to-Ala (C115A) mutant of Escherichia coli MurA complexed with a fluoro analogue of the tetrahedral intermediate revealed the absolute configuration of the adduct and the stereochemical course of the reaction. The fluorinated adduct was generated in a preincubation of wild-type MurA with (Z)-3-fluorophosphoenolpyruvate (FPEP) and UDP-GlcNAc and purified after enzyme denaturation. The fluorine substituent stabilizes the tetrahedral intermediate toward decomposition by a factor of 10(4)-10(6), facilitating manipulation of the adduct. The C115A mutant of MurA was utilized to avoid the microheterogeneity that arises in the wild-type MurA from the attack of Cys115 on C-2 of FPEP in competition with the formation of the fluorinated adduct. The crystal structure of the complex was determined to 2.8 A resolution, and the absolute configuration at C-2 of the adduct was found to be 2R. Thus, addition of the 3'-OH of UDP-GlcNAc is to the 2-si face of FPEP, corresponding to the 2-re face of PEP. Given the previous observation that, in D2O, the addition of D+ to C-3 of PEP proceeds from the 2-si face [Kim, D. H. , Lees, W. J., and Walsh, C. T. (1995) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 6380-6381], the addition across the double bond of PEP is anti. Also, because the overall stereochemical course has been shown to be either anti/syn or syn/anti [Lees, W. J., and Walsh, C. T. (1995) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 7329-7337], it now follows that the stereochemistry of elimination of H+ from C-3 and Pi from C-2 of the tetrahedral intermediate of the reaction is syn.
Effects of Four Noise Conditions on Arithmetic Performance

The proportion of correct responses for simple arithmetic problems was compared for the following noise conditions: quiet, speech, music, and industrial noise. Results show that is answered a significantly higher proportion correctly for the music condition than for the industrial noise condition. In all other conditions, the proportion of correctly answered responses was no different from one to another.
CD 13-positive bone marrow-derived myeloid cells promote angiogenesis , tumor growth , and metastasis

David H. Koch Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030; The US Naval Hospital Yokosuka, Fleet Post Office, AP, 96350-1600; Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and Department of Neurology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
Neural structures associated with recognition of facial expressions of basic emotions

People with Huntington's disease and people suffering from obsessive–compulsive disorder show severe deficits in recognizing facial expressions of disgust, whereas people with lesions restricted to the amygdala are especially impaired in recognizing facial expressions of fear. This double dissociation implies that recognition of certain basic emotions may be associated with distinct and non–overlapping neural substrates. Some authors, however, emphasize the general importance of the ventral parts of the frontal cortex in emotion recognition, regardless of the emotion being recognized. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to locate neural structures that are critical for recognition of facial expressions of basic emotions by investigating cerebral activation of six healthy adults performing a gender discrimination task on images of faces expressing disgust, fear and anger. Activation in response to these faces was compared with that for faces showing neutral expressions. Disgusted facial expressions activated the right putamen and the left insula cortex, whereas enhanced activity in the posterior part of the right gyrus cinguli and the medial temporal gyrus of the left hemisphere was observed during processing of angry faces. Fearful expressions activated the right fusiform gyrus and the left dorsolateral frontal cortex. For all three emotions investigated, we also found activation of the inferior part of the left frontal cortex (Brodmann area 47). These results support the hypotheses derived from neuropsychological findings, that (i) recognition of disgust, fear and anger is based on separate neural systems, and that (ii) the output of these systems converges on frontal regions for further information processing.
Motor neuron disease and plasma cell dyscrasia

In the years 1977 to 1984, 10 of 206 patients (4.8%) with motor neuron disease (MND) had M proteins; 4 had IgM and 6 had IgG. Among 100 control patients with other neurologic diseases, only 1 had an M protein. We later added six cases of MND and M proteins, as well as three with polyclonal IgM elevations and two with Bence-Jones proteins. Including other reports, there are now 37 known cases of MND with monoclonal and 5 with polyclonal gammopathy. There is evidence that plasma cell dyscrasia is often undetected; the actual incidence of serum immunoglobulin abnormality in patients with MND may be greater than our figure.
Interpretation of Pictorially Presented Social Situations by Learning Disabled and Normal Children

The responses of learning disabled and normal children to a social inference task were compared. In individual interviews children were asked to interpret pictures of social situations. For some stimulus pictures children were asked to determine antecedents and predict consequences of the event. The LD children showed deficits in interpretation of the situation and determining consequences. No differences were found between groups in determining antecedents. Results are related to the cognitive and attentional deficits of LD children.
Impact of thrombus aspiration use for the treatment of stent thrombosis on early patient outcomes.

BACKGROUND Recent data suggest a clinical benefit with the systematic use of thrombus aspiration (TA) for the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Nevertheless, the impact of TA as a treatment strategy for stent thrombosis (ST) is unknown. This study aimed to analyze the impact of TA use for the treatment of ST on patient outcomes. METHODS From 2003 to 2008, 91 consecutive patients who presented with a definite ST were included in this analysis. We compared procedural success rates and the incidence of the composite criteria death-recurrent MI-recurrent ST at 30 days in patients who were treated with TA (TA group, n = 36) versus those who were not (No-TA group, n = 55). RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups except for the body mass index: 26.2 +/- 5.4 vs. 29.3 +/- 6.2 in the TA and No- TA groups, respectively (p = 0.028). ST presented more likely as STEMI in the TA group: 86.1% vs. 67.3% (p = 0.043). Except for TA use, there was no difference in the treatment therapeutics between groups, including for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. The rate of procedural success was higher in the TA group than in the No-TA group: 88.9% vs. 70.9% (p = 0.043). The incidence of the endpoint of death-recurrent MI-recurrent ST was significantly lower in the TA group: 22.2% vs. 47.2% (p = 0.026). By multivariate analysis, TA use was independently associated with a decrease in the composite criteria (HR = 0.45, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION This study suggests that TA use for ST treatment permits an improvement in patient outcomes at 30 days with a significant decrease in the incidence of the composite criteria death-recurrent MI-recurrent ST. Further prospective studies are needed, however, to definitively address the benefit of TA use in this particular setting.
Risk factors for ischemic stroke: A prospective study in Rochester, Minnesota

A cohort of 1,804 residents of Rochester, Minnesota, who were at least 50 years old, free of stroke, and who underwent examination at the Mayo Clinic in 1960, was followed for 13 years. During this period, there were 110 first ischemic strokes and 616 deaths without stroke. The time of onset, if available, or the time of diagnosis of potential risk factors was determined for all patients during the study and was used to construct a proportional hazards model of time to occurrence of stroke with time‐dependent risk factors. The model included 8 risk factors (2 fixed and 6 time dependent). For these, the individual relative risk are: 1.6 for age (per 10 years), 2.0 for males, 4.0 for definite hypertension, 3.9 for transient ischemic attacks, 2.2 for hypertensive heart disease, 2.2 for coronary heart disease, 1.7 for congestive heart failure, and 1.7 for diabetes mellitus. Atrial fibrillation was not a significant risk factor using time dependent multivariate analysis.
Lessons learned from implementation of system maturity evaluation: a global and integrated approach to design maturity

The main idea of the presented approach consists in looking at ITER more as a global integrated system and less as a set of components. In addition to the “classical” progress indicators (design reviews, etc.), our approach introduces new indicators in an attempt to “convert” the concept of design maturity in the evaluation of the system maturity. The approach is ongoing and this paper focuses on the lessons learned over the past 1.5 years.
What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease?

The question posed by Schrag et al 1(this issue, pp 308–312) is fundamental, but can it be answered? Quality of life belongs to a family of terms which has an improbably wide range of applications, from “quality” as an object of philosophical contemplation2 to “QoL” as an economic variable.3 It must be borne in mind that measures such as the PDQ-39 and the SF-36 differ considerably in content. More detail on the parallelism between the PDQ-39 and two other measures would be helpful but the data seem to support the assumption, which is gaining ground in the literature, that such measures reflect a single underlying dimension. Scales …
DNA Flow Cytometry but Not Telomerase Activity as Predictor of Disease-Free Survival in pT1–2/N0/G2 Breast Cancer

Objective: In the subgroup of patients with node-negative (N0) moderately differentiated (G2) breast cancer, the clinical decision of giving adjuvant therapy is critical. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of biomarkers (DNA flow cytometry and telomerase activity in correlation with routinely used estrogen receptors (ER) and HER oncoprotein) in pT1–2/N0/G2 breast cancer, for improving therapeutic management. Methods: The series involved 135 patients with pT1–2/N0/G2 breast cancer and median follow-up of 58.5 months. DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) (≤5%; 5–10%; >10%) were assessed on frozen samples. Telomerase activity, ER and c-erbB-2 expression were analyzed by standardized immunohistochemistry techniques. A Cox regression analysis was performed for prognostic evaluation. Results: Aneuploidy significantly correlated with high SPF and lack of ER, while high SPF showed significant correlations with high telomerase activity, c-erbB-2 overexpression and absence of ER. Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant differences for ploidy and SPF in relation with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and a statistical trend for ER. By Cox regression analysis, DNA aneuploidy (RR = 16.7; p = 0.007) and high SPF (RR = 23.1; p = 0.004) revealed significant correlations with worse DFS. Among patients with diploid (n = 76) and low/intermediate SPF (n = 85) tumors, only one had recurrence of the disease. No association between telomerase activity and clinical outcome was observed. Conclusion: In pT1–2/N0/G2 breast cancer patients, DNA ploidy and SPF are relevant prognostic biomarkers that should be considered as additional tools in the therapeutic planning.
Stimulation of murine B lymphocytes to IgG synthesis and secretion by the mitogens lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein and its inhibition by anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies

The two mitogens, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoprotein (LP), both stimulate to an equal extent murine B lymphocytes to develop IgG‐synthesizing and IgG‐secreting cells. IgG synthesis and secretion was detected either by biosynthetic labeling of stimulated B cells, followed by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of labeled Ig, or by the protein A plaque assay detecting all IgG‐secreting cells with IgG‐specific developing antisera. B cells from spleen, lymph node, thoracic duct and fetal liver of normal and T cell‐deficient nu/nu mice are all stimulated by the two mitogens to develop IgG‐secreting cells. Mitogen‐induced IgG secretion, therefore, can occur independently of T cells and of external antigen.
Dynamic patterns of USPIO enhancement can be observed in macrophages after ischemic brain damage

Cells of the mononuclear phagocytotic system (MPS) are often found near to or within ischemic tissue and can potentially aggravate cellular damage. Hence, visualization of those cells would allow demarcation of putatively affected from intact tissue. Experimental MRI studies have shown that ultrasmall particles of dextran‐coated iron oxide (USPIO) are internalized into cells of the MPS. To test if this cell tagging method may be also applied to cerebral infarction, USPIOs were administered to Fisher rats 5.5 h after permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (pMCAO). During the first 2 days USPIO were preferentially found in patches within the lesion and in surrounding areas. On day 4, USPIOs expanded within the core of the lesion. On day 7 they were found predominantly within the boundary area. Histological analysis showed large populations of macrophages containing iron particles in the infarcted tissue. We conclude, therefore, that it is possible to monitor MPS activity after focal cerebral ischemia using USPIOs. Magn Reson Med 46:1018–1022, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of a Predator-Prey Model

We describe the bifurcation diagram of limit cycles that appear in the first realistic quadrant of the predator-prey model proposed by R. M. May [ Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1974]. In particular, we give a qualitative description of the bifurcation curve when two limit cycles collapse on a semistable limit cycle and disappear. Moreover, we show that locally asymptotic stability of a positive equilibrium point does not imply global stability for this class of predator-prey models.
Role of different proton-sensitive channels in releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide from isolated hearts of mutant mice.

OBJECTIVE Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a potent vasodilator released from a subset of sensory Adelta- and C-fiber afferents, has been suggested to play a beneficial role in myocardial ischemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate some receptors possibly involved in the proton-mediated CGRP release from the heart. METHODS CGRP release from freshly isolated hearts of mice lacking the capsaicin receptor (TRPV1-/-), the bradykinin receptor type 2 (B2-/-), or the acid-sensing ion channel type 3 (ASIC3-/-) and their wild-type littermates (TRPV1+/+, B2+/+, ASIC3+/+) were compared. Hearts were passed through a series of solutions based on oxygenated synthetic interstitial fluid (SIF). SIF buffered to pH 5.7 or 5.2 was used as an acidic test stimulus, and capsaicin (5x10(-7) M) was finally applied as a positive control. All eluates were processed using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for measurement of CGRP concentrations. RESULTS SIF at pH 5.7 and 5.2 caused significant increases in CGRP release in TRPV1+/+ but not in mice lacking the TRPV1 receptor. The same acid stimuli caused no significant differences in CGRP release between ASIC3+/+ and ASIC3-/- or between B2+/+ and B2-/-, respectively. Capsaicin caused massive CGRP release in all mouse genotypes with the exception of TRPV1-/-. CONCLUSION We conclude that cardiac acidosis is a strong stimulus to release CGRP from the mouse heart. This effect seems to be primarily mediated through activation of TRPV1 receptors that are known to be expressed by slowly conducting nociceptive primary afferent nerve fibers.
Modelling and design of PM retention sleeves for High-Speed PM Synchronous Machines

An analytical procedure for designing mechanical sleeves in surface-mounted High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (HS-PMSMs) is presented in this paper. It is based on the theory of elastic mechanics and enables the computation of contact pressures between rotor layers (shaft, back-iron, permanent magnets and sleeve) and the Von Mises equivalent stress. The proposed procedure can be combined with the electromagnetic machine analysis, leading to fast and effective HS-PMSM design. This can be accomplished in accordance with different Permanent Magnets (PMs) and/or sleeve materials. Particularly, NdFeB and Ferrite-based PMs are alternatively considered, as well as the employment of Titanium and Carbon-Fiber as sleeve materials. The proposed approach is validated through Finite Element Analysis (FEA), which regards four different HS-PMSM configurations characterized by the same rated power and speed.