Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Infection Induces TLR2-Dependent Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Expression and Activation: Functions in Inflammation, Lipid Metabolism, and Pathogenesis1

Macrophages have important roles in both lipid metabolism and inflammation and are central to immunity to intracellular pathogens. Foam-like, lipid-laden macrophages are present during the course of mycobacterial infection and have recently been implicated in mycobacterial pathogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of macrophage lipid bodies (lipid droplets) during Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection, focusing on the role of the lipid-activated nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). We found that BCG infection induced increased expression of PPARγ that paralleled the augmented lipid body formation and PGE2 synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages. BCG-induced PPARγ expression and lipid body formation were diminished in macrophages from TLR2-deficient mice, suggesting a key role for TLR2. The function of PPARγ in modulating BCG infection was demonstrated by the capacity of the PPARγ agonist BRL49653 to potentiate lipid body formation and PGE2 production; furthermore, pretreatment with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 inhibited BCG-induced lipid body formation and PGE2 production. BCG-induced MIP-1α, IL12p70, TNF-α, and IL6 production was not inhibited by GW9662 treatment. Nonpathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis failed to induce PPARγ expression or lipid body formation. Moreover, inhibition of PPARγ by GW9662 enhanced the mycobacterial killing capacity of macrophages. Our findings show that PPARγ is involved in lipid body biogenesis, unravels a cross-talk between the innate immune receptor TLR2 and the lipid-activated nuclear receptor PPARγ that coordinates lipid metabolism and inflammation in BCG-infected macrophages, thereby potentially affecting mycobacterial pathogenesis.
Accumulation of Some Metals in Muscles of Five Fish Species from Lower Nitra River

This paper reports the results of accumulated selected metals concentrations (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg and meHg) in the muscle of five common Slovak fish species (Chub–Leuciscus cephalus, Common carp—Cyprinus carpio, Prussian carp—Carassius gibelio, Roach—Rutilus rutilus, and Wels catfish—Silurus glanis). Furthermore, correlations among the selected metals and order of metal accumulation in the fish muscle were determined. The concentrations of metals (mg/kg wet weight basis) ranged as follows: Fe 3.70–21.10; Mn 0.27–1.50; Zn 3.72–42.82; Cu 0.26–1.82; Ni 0.02–0.29; Co 0.06–0.28; Cr 0.09–0.28; Pb 0.08–34.59; Cd 0.06–2.76, Hg 0.34–3.64 and meHg 0.08–1.20. The level of lead and mercury exceeded the maximum allowed concentration in Slovakia by the Codex Alimentarius for safe human consumption (0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively) in the majority of samples (94.6 and 82.1%, respectively). Content of Cd (0.88 ± 0.76 mg/kg wet weight) in the fish muscle exceeded maximum allowed levels (0.05 mg/kg) in all samples. An average, the order of metal concentrations in the fish muscle was: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd > Hg > Cu > Mn > meHg > Ni > Cr > Co.
Marriage, mental health and the Indian legislation

Marriage is one of the most important events of life affecting social status as well as the psyche of an individual. It not only serves to satisfy the fundamental biological need of sexual gratification through a socially acceptable way but also helps the individual to achieve a higher level of personality maturation. Historically marriage existed in one form or another in every culture, ensuring social sanction to a physical union between man and woman and laying the foundation for building up of 1 family. Nambi (2005) has reviewed it extensively.
HLAs: Key regulators of T‐cell‐mediated drug hypersensitivity

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) can be broadly categorised as either on‐target or off‐target. On‐target ADRs arise as a direct consequence of the pharmacological properties of the drug and are therefore predictable and dose‐dependent. On‐target ADRs comprise the majority (>80%) of ADRs, relate to the drug's interaction with its known pharmacological target and are a result of a complex interplay of genetic and ecologic factors. In contrast, off‐target ADRs, including immune‐mediated ADRs (IM‐ADRs), are due to unintended pharmacological interactions such as inadvertent ligation of host cell receptors or non‐pharmacological interactions mediated through an adaptive immune response. IM‐ADRs can be classified according to the primary immune cell involved and include B‐cell‐mediated (Gell‐Coombs type I‐III reactions) and T‐cell‐mediated (Gell‐Coombs type IV or delayed hypersensitivity) reactions. IM‐ADRs mediated by T cells are associated with phenotypically distinct clinical diagnoses and can vary from a mild delayed rash to a life‐threatening cutaneous, systemic or organ disease, such as Stephen Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and drug‐induced liver disease. T‐cell‐mediated ADRs are strongly linked to the carriage of particular HLA risk alleles which are in the case of abacavir hypersensitivity and HLA‐B*57:01 has led to translation into the clinic as a routine screening test. In this review, we will discuss the immunogenetics and pathogenesis of IM‐ADRs and how HLA associations inform both pre‐drug screening strategies and mechanistic understanding.
Gradation of Kainic Acid‐induced Rat Limbic Seizures and Expression of Hippocampal Heat Shock Protein‐70

Systemic injection of kainic acid (KA) induces limbic seizures in rats, which resemble human temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of adult human epilepsy. In this study, we have investigated KA‐elicited limbic seizures in the rats by correlating the severity of the seizure attacks with the expression of hippocampal heat shock protein‐70 (HSP70) which has been suggested to be a marker for neuronal injury/death in this model of seizures. After a systemic injection of KA, six stages of limbic seizures have been classified, namely, staring (stage 1), wet dog shake (stage 2), hyperactivity (stage 3), rearing (stage 4), rearing and falling (stage 5), and jumping (stage 6). Stages 4, 5 and 6 were further divided into mild and severe sub‐stages. HSP70 expression was not detected in animals with stages 1 and 2 seizures. At stage 3 a small amount of HSP70 immunoreactive neurons was detected in the CA3 field and the dentate hilus. From stage 4 to stage 5 the degree of HSP70 immunoreactivity increased in the CA1 field from a few positive cells in stage 4 mild to large numbers of immunoreactive neurons in stage 5 severe. HSP70 became detectable in pyramidal cells in the CA2 field from stage 5 severe and higher. In animals with stage 6 seizures, the majority of HSP70 expression became located in glial cells throughout the whole hippocampus. We concluded that HSP70 expression in the hippocampus positively correlates with the severity of KA‐elicited limbic seizures.
Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children and Young Adults

ABSTRACT Purpose of Review: This article reviews risk factors, recurrence risk, evaluation, management, and outcomes of arterial ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Recent Findings: The risk for recurrence and mortality appear to be low for neonatal and childhood stroke. Most children have relatively mild deficits, but those who have greater neurologic deficits, poststroke epilepsy, or strokes early in life are at risk for lower overall cognitive function. Stroke recurrence and long-term mortality after stroke in young adults are greater than originally thought. Cognitive impairments, depression, and anxiety are associated with higher levels of poststroke unemployment and represent targets for improved poststroke care. Poststroke care in young adults involves more than medical management. Self-reported memory and executive function impairments may be more severe than what is detected by objective measures. Assessment of possible cognitive impairments and appropriate management of psychological comorbidities are key to maximizing the long-term functional outcome of stroke survivors. Summary: Childhood and young adult stroke survivors survive for many more years than older patients with stroke. To ensure that these survivors maximize the productivity of their lives, neurologists must not only optimize medical management but also recognize that impairments in cognition and mood may be remediable barriers to long-term functional independence.
Age‐related functional differences between auditory cortices: a whole- head MEG study

Auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs) were recorded from 10 healthy younger and 10 older subjects using a whole-head magnetometer. Two blocks of tone pips were presented to the left ear with constant inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 0.5 and 2.5 s. The amplitude of P50m, unlike that of N100m, was larger in the older subjects. In both groups, the peak latencies of P50m and N100m responses were significantly shorter over the contralateral than ipsilateral cortex. The interhemispheric latency difference of NIOOm was significantly increased with age. These findings suggest that ageing delays signal processing in the ipsilateral auditory cortex and that ageing affects consecutive AEFs in a different manner.
Socioeconomic Costs of Open Surgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Benign Cranial Base Tumors

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative socioeconomic costs of benign cranial base tumors treated with open surgery and gamma knife radiosurgery. METHODS:In a retrospective study, we studied 174 patients with benign cranial base tumors, less than 3 cm in diameter (or volume less than 30 ml), admitted in the past 5 years. Group A (n = 94) underwent open surgery for removal of the tumors, whereas Group B (n = 80) underwent gamma knife radiosurgery. The socioeconomic costs were evaluated by both direct and indirect cost. The direct costs comprised intensive care unit cost, ward cost, operating room cost, and outpatient visiting cost. The indirect costs included loss of workdays and mortality. The length of hospital stay, the number of lost workdays, surgical complications, mortality, and cost-effectiveness analysis were calculated as well. Student t test and &khgr;2 test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:The mean length of hospital stay for open surgery was 18.2 ± 30.4 days including 5.0 ± 14.7 days of intensive care unit stay and 13.0 ± 15.2 days of ward stay, P < 0.01. The mean hospital stay for gamma knife was 2.2 ± 0.9 days with no need of intensive care unit stay, P < 0.01. The mean loss of workdays for open surgery was 160 ± 158 days and 8.0 ± 9.0 days for gamma knife, P < 0.01. The gamma knife cost per hour (US $1435) is higher than the open surgery cost per hour (US $450), P < 0.01. The direct cost for gamma knife (US $9677 ± $6700) is higher than that for open surgery (US $5837 ± $6587), P < 0.01. Open surgery had more complication rates (31.2%) than gamma knife (3.8%). Open surgery had a mortality rate of 5.3%; there was no mortality for gamma knife. The indirect costs, including loss of workdays and mortality, were significantly higher for open surgery than for gamma knife, P < 0.01. Finally, the socioeconomic cost (US $34,453 ± $97,277) is higher for open surgery than for gamma knife (US $10,044 ± $7481), P < 0.01. The CEA is significantly higher in gamma knife (US $3762/quality-adjusted life year) than in open surgery (US $8996/quality-adjusted life year), P < 0.01. CONCLUSION:Most of the socioeconomic loss with open surgery for benign cranial base tumors comes from the indirect costs of workdays lost and mortality. Gamma knife radiosurgery is a worthwhile treatment to our patients and to our society because it may shorten hospital stays and workdays lost and reduce complications, mortality, socioeconomic loss, and achieve better cost-effectiveness.
Cyber security primer for legacy process plant operation

The military has identified five “domains” for defense. The original three, land, sea and air are now joined by space and cyber. Cyber is an entirely new domain with increasingly different and challenging issues. Nowhere else are there more important aspects to be addressed than in the control and automation of process plants. Cyber security has major influences in the efficiency, safety and reliable operation of both equipment and personnel. Stuxnet proved the vulnerability of PLCs, and “open doors” in operating systems such as Windows require constant updating to prevent malicious entry. This paper reviews the “white hats and black hats” operating in the process control areas. The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is reviewed with respect to possible intrusion points in SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) systems as well as DCS (Distributed Control System) operating systems. This paper focuses on legacy systems (brown field, SNMP and Modbus. For “green field” systems, there are significant advances for protocols. Learnings from previous breaches and information on securing systems will be addressed. The information presented in this paper gets continually more critical as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and wireless communication is adopted in process plants. A list of recommendations gives the user some guidelines to build a framework for cyber security in their systems.
The effect of skill level, external frame of reference and environmental changes on one-handed catching.

Abstract Two groups of subjects designated ‘good’ (n= 12) and ‘poor’ (n= 10) catchers on the basis of a task-specific criterion were required to catch, one-handed, balls projected from a ball-projection machine under eight different conditions. Four of these comprised the ‘environment illuminated’ conditions (full light; hand obscured by an opaque screen; a see-through screen and an external vertical reference frame in the field of view) and four others the ‘environment dark’ conditions (catching hand wearing a glove painted with luminescent paint and u. v. illuminated ball in an otherwise dark room; ball illuminated by u. v. light; luminescent hand and external luminescent vertical reference plus u. v. illuminated ball; u. v.-illuminated ball, plus luminescent vertical reference). While clear and significant differences - as was to be expected from the selection criteria imposed - were shown between the groups of ‘good’ and ‘poor’ catchers for all three dependent variables-number of catches, spatial erro.
Dyslipidaemia in patients with seropositive arthralgia predicts the development of arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with cardiovascular disease.1 There are conflicting data as to whether or not this increased risk of cardiovascular disease is already present before the clinical onset of RA.2 In active RA an unfavourable lipid profile is present and is associated with inflammation.3 Patients with arthralgia positive for rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (aCCP) (seropositive) are at risk of developing RA and can be considered as patients with symptoms and systemic autoimmunity associated with RA without clinical arthritis.4 ,5 Considering the close relationship between inflammation and serum lipid levels, we investigated whether an unfavourable lipid profile was associated with the development of RA in patients with seropositive arthralgia. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density …
A deadline and Size aware TCP scheme for datacenter networks

In order to achieve good user experience, data center services usually operate under deadline constraints. Besides, data center services typically employ Partition/Aggregate algorithms which result in bursts of short query traffic with tight deadlines. This paper proposes a Deadline and Size aware TCP scheme (DSTCP) for datacenter networks, which adjusts the congestion window size of a flow according to its deadline and its size, as well as the dynamic congestion degree of network. Coexisting with TCP, DSTCP can achieve a high throughput and maintain a small queue at the same time. Due to the awareness of flow deadline and flow size as well as the gentle additive increase and back off mechanism, DSTCP can greatly reduce the number of deadline-missing flows.
Universal Instructional Design in Higher Education: An Approach for Inclusion

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Optical Imaging of Capillary Leakage

We studied in vivo the vascular permeability of two fluorescent contrast agents in three types of capillary, using a fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy system. Mice were imaged after injection of a macromolecular (albumin FITC 68,000 daltons) or low-molecular-weight contrast agent (FITC 389 daltons). We studied continuous capillaries in muscles (FITC n = 4, albumin FITC n = 6), fenestrated capillaries in mesenteries (FITC n = 8, albumin FITC n = 10), and discontinuous capillaries in xenografted tumors (FITC n = 2, albumin FITC n = 4). Signal intensity (SI) was measured in capillary and interstitial regions, and time-enhancement curves were drawn. Two-compartment models were constructed to determine quantitative microcirculation parameters. The arrival of the bolus of the two different contrast agents was observed in mesentery and muscle capillaries but not in tumor capillaries. Interstitial leakage of the low-molecular-weight contrast agent was observed almost instantaneously, whereas the macromolecular agent remained within the vessels. Signal intensity declined over the observation period, specifically in the tumor. No quantitative microcirculation parameters could be obtained with either of two bi compartmental models, owing to model instability. This study shows that the microcirculation can be reproducibly observed in different types of capillary in vivo with this fibered fluorescence imaging device. Further work is required to quantify microvascular parameters.
A Study of Different Angles for the New Spread Matrix for BSOFDM in UWB Channels

This paper presents a study into different angles for the new spread matrix developed for BSOFDM. It varies the angles for the matrix to develop different constellation schemes which are useful in overcoming the frequency selective channels which are encountered in mobile communication systems. Previously it has been discussed that this new matrix (the rotation matrix) has some advantages over Hadamard and the rotated Hadamard matrix in certain channels. This paper presents a study of varies angles with this new matrix over the UWB channels CM1 to CM4.
Synergistic Bactericidal Effect of Simultaneous Near-Infrared Radiant Heating and UV Radiation against Cronobacter sakazakii in Powdered Infant Formula

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic bactericidal effects of the simultaneous application of near-infrared (NIR) heating and UV irradiation against Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula and to determine the effect on quality by measuring color changes and performing sensory evaluation. A cocktail of C. sakazakii strains was inoculated into powdered infant formula, followed by NIR, UV, and combined NIR-UV treatments. The sum of NIR and UV inactivation was lower than that obtained by the simultaneous application of both technologies due to their synergism. Simultaneous NIR-UV combined treatment for 7 min achieved a 2.79-log-unit CFU reduction of C. sakazakii. The underlying inactivation mechanisms of the combined NIR-UV treatment were evaluated by the propidium iodide (PI) uptake test, and we confirmed that disruption of the bacterial cell membrane was the main factor contributing to the synergistic lethal effect. The color values and sensory characteristics of simultaneously NIR-UV-treated infant formula powder were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from those of the control. The results of this study suggest that a NIR-UV decontaminating system can be applied as an alternative to other interventions in powdered weaning foods.
Deep neural networks for ultra-short-term wind forecasting

The aim of this paper is to present input variable selection algorithm and deep neural networks application to ultra-short-term wind prediction. Shallow and deep neural networks coupled with input variable selection algorithm are compared on the ultra-short-term wind prediction task for a set of different locations. Results show that carefully selected deep neural networks outperform shallow ones. Input variable selection use reduces the neural network complexity and simplifies deep neural network training.
Antecedents and Consequences of Merit Pay Fairness for Industrial Salespeople

How do salespeople make judgments of merit pay fairness? By what mechanisms do fairness judgments influence the performance and commitment of salespeople? Using equity and social exchange theories, the authors examine these questions for industrial salespeople who work in a Fortune 500 firm and provide four key findings. First, of the three dimensions of fairness judgments, they find the interactional fairness dimension to be relatively more important than procedural or distributive fairness in influencing job outcomes of salespeople. Second, supervisory behaviors have significant influence in shaping salespeople's fairness judgments, particularly judgments of distributive and interactional fairness. Third, the results underscore the contrasting mediating role of trust in supervisor and job satisfaction. Although trust in the supervisor is important in reducing salespeople's opportunistic behaviors, the authors find job satisfaction to be important in enhancing their loyalty to the organization. Fourth, salespeople's job performance is influenced directly by extrinsic factors such as fairness of current rewards and potential for rewards. In addition, the authors outline implications for theory and practice.