Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reasons undergraduate students majored in geology across six universities: The importance of gender and department

Abstract Only 40% of geoscience undergraduate degrees are conferred on women. Little research has examined why more men tend to pursue and persist in geology degrees compared to women. We examined the reasons why undergraduate geology students chose to major in geology, with a particular emphasis on women. We collected data from 391 undergraduate students (46.4% women) enrolled in six geology departments at public, four-year institutions across the United States. Students reported six reasons they were attracted to geology: interest, career opportunities, liking the outdoors, liking the department, being encouraged by someone, and other. Interest was the most frequent reason female and male students reported for being attracted to geology. After interest, liking the geology department (including liking classes, faculty, and the department overall) was the next most frequent reason female students reported for selecting a geology major. It was the second to least frequent reason for male students. Both female and male students in departments graduating a higher percentage of women more frequently reported liking the department as a reason for being attracted to geology than did students in departments graduating lower percentages of women. Geology departments have the potential to impact the recruitment and retention of students, particularly women, into their programs. Future research is needed to identify the specific department practices that attract female students and provide a more welcoming climate to students.
A remark for spatial analyticity around straining flows

Time-local existence of unique smooth solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations in the whole space with linearly growing initial data has been established, via smoothing properties of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup. It has also been shown that the solution is real-analytic in spatial variables around rotating flows. This note is devoted to prove the spatial analyticity for cases of straining flows and shear flows. It is estimated the size of radius of convergence of Taylor series, due to estimates for higher order derivatives and Cauchy-Hadamard theorem.
Galectin binding to cells and glycoproteins with genetically modified glycosylation reveals galectin–glycan specificities in a natural context

Galectins compose a protein family defined by a conserved sequence motif conferring affinity for β-galactose–containing glycans. Moreover, galectins gain higher affinity and fine-tune specificity by glycan interactions at sites adjacent to their β-galactoside–binding site, as revealed by extensive testing against panels of purified glycans. However, in cells, galectins bind glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids in the context of other cellular components, such as at the cell surface. Because of difficulties in characterizing natural cellular environments, we currently lack a detailed understanding of galectin-binding specificities in the cellular context. To address this challenge, we used a panel of genetically stable glycosylation mutated CHO cells that express defined glycans to evaluate the binding affinities of 10 different carbohydrate-recognition domains in galectins to N-glycans and mucin-type O-glycans. Using flow cytometry, we measured the cell-surface binding of the galectins. Moreover, we used fluorescence anisotropy to determine the galectin affinities to recombinant erythropoietin used as a reporter glycoprotein produced by the glycoengineered cells and to synthetic N-glycans with defined branch structures. We found that all galectins, apart from galectin-8N, require complex N-glycans for high-affinity binding. Galectin-8N targeted both N- and O-linked glycans with high affinity, preferring 2,3-sialylated N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) structures. Furthermore, we found that 2,3-sialylation suppresses high-affinity binding of select galectins, including galectin-2, -3, -4N, and -7. Structural modeling provided a basis for interpreting the observed binding preferences. These results underscore the power of a glycoengineered platform to dissect the glycan-binding specificities of carbohydrate-binding proteins.
RESTING-STATE NETWORK DYSFUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) literature to examine consistency of functional connectivity alterations in AD dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). METHODS Studies were screened using a standardized procedure. Multiresolution statistics were performed to assess the spatial consistency of findings across studies. RESULTS Thirty-four studies were included (1,363 participants, average 40 per study). Consistent alterations in connectivity were found in the default-mode, salience and limbic networks in patients with AD dementia, MCI, or in both groups. We also identified a bias in the literature towards specific examination of the default-mode network. DISCUSSION Convergent evidence across the literature supports the use of resting-state connectivity as a biomarker of AD. The locations of consistent alterations suggest that metabolically expensive hub regions in the brain might be an early target of AD.
On Weather Disasters and International Migration: Empirical Model and Projections to 2060

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment finds, among other things, that the incidence and intensity of weather disasters (WDs) such as storms, floods, droughts, sea surges, heat waves, and heavy precipitation, and their adverse impacts on human and natural systems have generally been observed growing since the mid-20 th century. This trend of intensification, according to the IPCC, has reflected both the progress of climate change and the growing risk exposures of human settlements. People who are politically, socially, institutionally, economically, or otherwise relegated have been the most vulnerable to WDs, particularly in less developed countries (LDCs), for they are the least able to respond to crisis. The IPCC expects that in the absence of a major mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (so-called business as usual) the trend will intensify (IPCC, 2013, 2014).
Long-Term Follow-Up After Treatment of Drug-Eluting Stent Restenosis and De Novo Lesions Using SeQuent Please Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons

Managing patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains an important clinical challenge. In particular, large, randomized trials assessing the effect of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) in patients with de novo lesions are warranted. We investigated the effect of DEB on procedural complications, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients with drug-eluting stent ISR and de novo lesions. The clinical profiles of 238 consecutive patients treated for coronary ISR (n = 174) and de novo lesions (n = 64) using SeQuent Please paclitaxel-coated balloon were analyzed. Study end points were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). At 1-year follow-up, TLR and MACEs occurred with acceptably low rates (5.0% and 6.3%, respectively). At 2.00 (0.74) years of follow-up, there was a significant difference in the rates of TLR between the ISR and the de novo lesions groups (14.4% [ISR] vs 3.1% [de novo], P = .028), and the occurrence of MACEs distinctly increased in the ISR group compared to the de novo lesions group (21.8% vs 6.2%, P = .009). The long-term outcomes of the ISR group were inferior to those of the de novo group (TLR, log-rank P = .019; MACEs, log-rank P = .010). Drug-eluting balloon for ISR and de novo lesions of small coronary vessels is effective and safe.
Multi-objective beamforming for secure communication in systems with wireless information and power transfer

In this paper, we study power allocation for secure communication in a multiuser multiple-input single-output (MIS-O) downlink system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. The receivers are able to harvest energy from the radio frequency when they are idle. We propose a multi-objective optimization problem for power allocation algorithm design which incorporates two conflicting system objectives: total transmit power minimization and energy harvesting efficiency maximization. The proposed problem formulation takes into account a quality of service (QoS) requirement for the system secrecy capacity. Our designs advocate the dual use of artificial noise in providing secure communication and facilitating efficient energy harvesting. The multi-objective optimization problem is non-convex and is solved by a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation approach which results in an approximate of solution. A sufficient condition for the global optimal solution is revealed and the accuracy of the approximation is examined. To strike a balance between computational complexity and system performance, we propose two suboptimal power allocation schemes. Numerical results not only demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed suboptimal schemes compared to baseline schemes, but also unveil an interesting trade-off between energy harvesting efficiency and total transmit power.
THE EMERGING TEACHERS’ COMPETENCE FOR IMPROVING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND FACTORS IMPACTING IT

This publication analyses and discusses the aspects of healthy lifestyle implementation competence in the personal life of students and future teachers, viewing it as a potential contribution to their professional career. The correlation of internal factors such as students' attitudes, knowledge, skills and abilities and influence of external factors of social environment are analysed as healthy lifestyle competence. The empirical study focuses on two priority healthy lifestyle components –physical activity and the development of healthy eating habits in relation to the conditions provided by a higher education microsystem formulating a proposal for improving the interaction of these factors. For achieving the research goal, emerging teachers have been surveyed using the methodology developed by Corbin et al. (2008). For statistical analysis of the research data, the SPSS 22.0 program was employed: a method of descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Kendall's tau-b correlation test. The results of this study prove the differences in competence indicators in relation to the respondents’ age and chosen specialization, as well as show the lack of support from professional management and medical staff for implementation of a healthy lifestyle.
Complementarities between social protection and health sector policies: Evidence from the Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia

Social protection policies typically involve multiple sectors, ranging from food security to health care. Despite this, limited research is directed toward understanding how different social protection programs complement each other. In this study, we explore complementarities between three major national social protection programs in rural Ethiopia: the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), the Health Fee Waiver (HFW) system, and the Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) in the Ethiopian highlands (Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regions).
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-α in Ventricular Zone Cells and in Developing Neurons

Cells in the early neuroepithelium differentiate and give rise to all cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The ways from a multipotent CNS stem cell to specialized neurons and glia are not fully understood. Using immunohistochemistry we found that neuroepithelial cells express the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR-alpha) in the neural plate at embryonic day 8.5 and onwards in the neural tube. The protein was polarized to ventricular endfeet. Furthermore, PDGFR-alpha expression was localized to cells undergoing early neuronal development. We also found PDGFR-alpha expression in developing granule cells in the postnatal cerebellum, in Purkinje cells in the adult cerebellum and on processes of developing dorsal root ganglion cells. Previous reports mainly describe PDGFR-alpha expression in oligodendrocyte precursors and glial cells. We believe, in line with a few previous reports, that the PDGFR-alpha in addition marks a pool of undifferentiated cells, which are able to differentiate into neurons.
What Learning Resource Persons do Clinical Medical Students Prefer?

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction Nowadays, clinical medical students need to find suitable learning resource persons to cope with knowledge and develop their skills. Resource persons include faculties, residents, peers or each individual medical students’ self-study. The aim of this study was to compare the differences perspectives and give feedback to stakeholders for learning achievements. Methods 142 medical students answer 5-rating scale questionnaire including 6 aspects; knowledge acquired, accuracy of information, clinical skills, active learning stimulation, comfortable learning environment and time consuming which each had 4 question. Statistical analysis was compared outcomes between groups of resource person by using one-way ANOVA and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results Simulation of active learning was greatly impacted by faculties (component matrix 0.793) with self-study in the second place (component matrix 0.781). Peers got least impact in acquiring knowledge (component matrix 0.707) but was greatly impacted on clinical skill (component matrix 0.717). Self-study had least impact on clinical skill (component matrix 0.521). Learning with residents and self-study had greatest impact on comfortable learning environment (component matrix 0.813, 0.809 respectively). Peers had highest impact as the learning resource who consumed least time in learning (component matrix 0.858) and accuracy of information (component matrix 0.784). Faculties had lowest impact on accuracy of information (component matrix 0.506). There were significant different average student perspective scores from multiple resources learning (p-value 0.01). In general, students mostly favored learning with residents while faculties got second place; however, there was insignificant differences between peers and self-study. Conclusion Residents were the most favored learning resource because they had more experiences and knowledge than peers and had small age gap with students, thus students felt more comfortable to discuss. In addition, faculties, peers and self-study were important as they could still stimulate medical students to develop other important skills (communication skill, clinical skill and stress management).
Context-dependent foraging choices in risk-sensitive starlings

Existing models of risk-sensitive foraging assume that animals assign value to different options according to an absolute currency. It follows from this assumption that choices are expected to be both transitive and regular, because the value assigned to an option is independent of its context. I tested these predictions by comparing preferences obtained in binary and trinary contexts. European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, were trained using an operant paradigm to forage for three options: Constant (C) that provided a fixed number of food pellets; Low variance (L) with a coefficient of variation of 71% in the number of pellets; High variance (H) with a coefficient of variation of 106%. The preferences of the birds were tested in three binary choice treatments (CL, CH, LH) and one trinary choice treatment (CLH). Overall, there was no evidence for violations of either transitivity or regularity. However, overall, a bird's relative preference for its most preferred option over its second most preferred option was significantly greater in the trinary treatment than in the comparable binary treatment. This effect of context on choice is compatible with starlings' use of comparative instead of absolute currencies in decision making. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effectiveness of collaborative problem based physics learning (CPBPL) model to improve student’s self-confidence on physics learning

In the previous research, Collaborative Problem Based Physic Learning (CPBPL) model has been developed to improve student’s science process skills, collaborative problem solving, and self-confidence on physics learning. This research is aimed to analyze the effectiveness of CPBPL model towards the improvement of student’s self-confidence on physics learning. This research implemented quasi experimental design on 140 senior high school students who were divided into 4 groups. Data collection was conducted through questionnaire, observation, and interview. Self-confidence measurement was conducted through Self-Confidence Evaluation Sheet (SCES). The data was analyzed using Wilcoxon test, n-gain, and Kruskal Wallis test. Result shows that: (1) There is a significant score improvement on student’s self-confidence on physics learning (α=5%), (2) n-gain value student’s self-confidence on physics learning is high, and (3) n-gain average student’s self-confidence on physics learning was consistent throughout all groups. It can be concluded that CPBPL model is effective to improve student’s self-confidence on physics learning.
The antiproliferative effects of cold atmospheric plasma‐activated media on different cancer cell lines, the implication of ozone as a possible underlying mechanism

Recent studies have proven several promising anticancer activities for cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) against a wide range of cancer cells in vitro. Recently, media treated with CAP have also found to effectively eradicate cancer cells similar to the CAP. Based on advantages, many researchers prefer to apply CAP‐activated media (PAM) as an alternative to cap in the treatment of cancer. However, less has been achieved regarding the anticancer effects and anticancer mechanisms of PAM. Investigating the selective anticancerous activities of PAM, the viability of SKBR3, MCF7, ASPC‐1, A‐549, G‐292, and SW742 cancer cell lines, as well as normal human skin fibroblasts (FMGB‐1) and MCF10A cells in relation to the media activation time, and the length of exposure was studied. Also, we examined the concentration of ozone in media as a function to CAP activation time since recent studies have proposed ozone as a pivotal reactive species in the induction of cell death. Based on the result, both increasing the duration of media activation time and the length of exposure to PAM could significantly increase the anticancer activity. Nevertheless, the cytotoxicity on normal cells was either not affected or slightly increased. Among the six tested cancer cell lines, SW742 was the most resistant and SKBR3 the most susceptible cancer cell lines to PAM. Also, increasing duration of treatment with CAP resulted in a significant rise in O3 concentration levels in media. Overall, these results suggest PAM, as a promising tool in the treatment of different cancers and O 3 formation as a probable underlying mechanism.
Sättigungsverhalten und Schädigung von Zementstein bei Frostbeanspruchung

Numerous building structures are exposed to diverse environmental attacks. One of the decisive exposures relevant to the durability is frost attack that particularly impairs the structure of the buildings concrete in present of a sufficiently high moisture content. The consequences of frost attack are structure damage and surface scaling on account of which the strength and the serviceability are significantly impacted in a negative way. With each freeze-thaw cycle concrete is absorbing free water from the surface into the pore system so that the water content of the pore system is increasing steadily. Thereby the absorbed water content can exceed by far the amount absorbed by the capillarity and a critical saturation degree of the pores occurs. With a subsequent freezing of the pore water, critical stress in the concrete structure is building up due to the related increase of the volume. The consequence is a damage of the material in the form of micro cracks. This extremely complex mechanism of the increased water uptake can be explained by thermodynamic models. However, suitable mathematical models for the description of the time resolved water uptake or water transport, enabling also the durability design for the frost attack, is missing so far. Thus, the primary aim of the presented work is the basic investigation and quantification of thewater uptake behavior as a result of the cyclic freeze-thaw load. Also, the resulting frost damage was included in the investigations. Within the scope of a wide literature study, first of all, the basics of the physical mechanisms acting on concrete during the frost attack and the thereby involved influence parameter were shown and critically discussed. Furthermore, the actual models for the prediction of the frost damage were presented. And finally the outstanding unexplored scientific issues were concretized. Themain focus of this workwas laid on the application of the nuclearmagnetic resonance method (NMR) which enables a non-destructive and spatially-resolved investigation of the moisture processes of cement-bonded materials. First, the NMR setup had to be developed with the corresponding measurement sequence and methodology of data analysis. Then, in a next step the influence of the decisive factors on the water uptake capacity, in particular the water/cement-ratio and the minimum temperature, were investigated. For a better understanding of the freezing and thawing processes an innovative temperature unit was developed. With that, a simulation of the frost attack can be performed directly in the NMR setup with a simultaneous record of the moisture changes in the pore system. Besides the achieved development works, the freezing point of the pore water was investigated.
Study of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Seropositive Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital, Maharashtra, India

HIV is the initial causative agent in AIDS, most of morbidity and mortality seen in immunocompromised patient results from opportunistic infections that take advantage of lowered cellular and humoral defences of the patients (Chakraborty et al., 2008). India is the country with second largest population of HIV infected individuals. The emergence of pandemic spread of AIDS constitute the greatest challenge to public health in modern time, with changing scenario of AIDS epidemic a host of opportunistic infections add to the present epidemic state of some existing infections like tuberculosis (Dabla et al., 2015). Opportunistic infections remain frequent in the ART era even in populations where access to medical care in considered satisfactory, these diseases can arises with any level of viral load and CD4+ T cell count (Galisteu et al., 2015). Indian guidelines and western country guidelines have certain differences; wherever possible, that gap should be bridged. Developed countries initiate ART at higher CD4 count (Bhuvana et al., 2015). There are a lot of Viral, Bacterial, Fungal and Protozoan pathogens associated with AIDS, changing symptomatology and pathology of disease HIV prepares ground for successful invasion by opportunistic infections that are etiological killer of patients International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 7 (2017) pp. 686-689 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com