Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxygen-Reactive Species and Antioxidant Responses during Development: The Metabolic Paradox of Cellular Differentiation

Abstract Metabolic gradients are established during early phases of development and their existence influences subsequent developmental events. Variations in oxygen supply and oxygen metabolism associated with the gradation of metabolic rate in embryos appear to form one basis for the influence of metabolic gradients on development. The rate of oxygen metabolism affects the rate of oxidant generation by various cellular biochemical pathways. Cells contain antioxidant defenses that respond to variations in cellular oxidant production. Large changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and changes in cellular redox state occur during the differentiation of many types of cells. These changes correspond to an increased rate of oxidant production; the cellular environment becomes more prooxidizing during differentiation. Evidence is presented that implicates oxidants as a factor that can stimulate alterations in gene expression. Possible mechanisms by which oxidants influence gene expression are also discussed.
Effective collaboration and knowledge sharing in short vs. long term SD projects

Sharing knowledge has become a critical part of int er-enterprise collaboration. Knowledge sharing appe ars particularly in short-term System Development (SD) projects. Most SD projects entail changes to hardwa re and software. With the growth in such complex SD projec ts, and demand for unique technical know-how, there is a greater need to explore the dilemma of effective kn owledge sharing among SD project individuals, their technical knowledge, perceptions, and social interaction that shape the outcomes of the projects. Effective coll aboration is imperative for business success, however, it remain s challenging as ad-hoc teams work across time, geo graphical, language, and technical boundaries. Often times, on e team is dependent upon the work, feedback, or cri ticism of another team in order to progress in the SD, while lack of trust between and within teams appears to h inder the effectiveness of the collaborations as well as the progress of the SD project. Subsequently only some tacit and explicit knowledge is shared among team members. Ou r goal is to investigate workers’ familiarity with the organization information privacy policy, and their trust on effective collaboration in short and long term projects. In this work-in-progress, we propose a theoretical model for the impact of trust, tacit and explicit knowledge sharing, and familiarity with information privacy p olicy on the projects’ effective collaborations. We then pose four hypotheses and a proposed agenda for addressing the hypotheses. Some preliminary data analysis is expe cted to be included in revisions of this draft. We end with a brief discussion and conclusions section.
Growing hair on black holes.

A black hole can carry quantum numbers that are not associated with massless gauge fields, contrary to the spirit of the "no-hair" theorems. In the Higgs phase of a gauge theory, electric charge on a black hole generates a nonzero electric field outside the event horizon. This field is nonperturbative in ħ and is exponentially screened far from the hole. It arises from the cloud of virtual cosmic strings that surround the black hole. In the confinement phase, a magnetic charge on a black hole generates a classical field that is screened at long range by nonperturbative effects. Despite the sharp difference in their formal descriptions, the electric and magnetic cases are closely similar physically.
Intradialytic Exercise is Medicine for Hemodialysis Patients

When a person’s kidneys fail, hemodialysis (HD) is the most common treatment modality. With a growing number of patients requiring this life-sustaining treatment, and with evidence illustrating the significant physical dysfunction of this population, encouraging exercise is essential. The use of intradialytic exercise, as a novel and efficient use of time during HD, is well established in Australia and some European nations; however, it is slower to start in North America. While a large number of small studies have demonstrated numerous benefits and safe delivery of intradialytic exercise training for patients with end-stage kidney disease, intradialytic exercise is rarely delivered as standard of care. It is of utmost importance for health care staff to overcome barriers and bring theory into practice. Included in this report are current recommendations from governing bodies, expert opinion, as well as established policies and procedures from a successful intradialytic exercise program in Canada.
Reflex cardiovascular responses after 36 hr of hypoxia.

HEISTAD, DONALD D. , ROBERT C. WHEELER, AND VINCENT S. AOKI. Refkx cardiovascular responses after 36 hr of h)ypoxia. Am. J. Physiol. 220(6) : 1673-1676. 197 1 . -We have observed that acute hypoxia decreases vasoconstrictor responses in man. The purpose of this study n-as to determine whether reflex vasoconstriction in man remains depressed during prolonged hypoxia or whether adaptation occurs. The response of forearm resistance vessels to lower body negative pressure was compared while breathing air and 12 yO oxygen during two sessions: a control session and immediately after 36 hr in a hypobaric chamber at a simulated altitude of i4,ooo ft ( e q uivalent to breathing 12 y0 oxygen). Forearm blood flow was measured with a plethysmograph and arterial pressure by auscultation. In the control session the forearm vasoconstrictor response to lower body negative pressure was less while breathing 12 $6 oxygen than while breathing air. This reduction in vasoconstrictor response continued after 36 hr of hypoxia, and vascular responses were abruptly restored by breathing air. The results indicate that decreased vascular responsiveness was still apparent after 36 hr of hypoxia, suggesting that adaptation of vascular reflexes has not occurred. Measurement of the response of heart rate to lower body negative pressure also suggested interference with cardiac reflexes during both acute and prolonged hypoxia.
Life history and symptoms in schizophrenia. Severity at hospitalization and response to phenothiazines.

Data regarding social background of 480 newly hospitalized schizophrenic patients were gathered by social workers as part of a multihospital study of phenothiazine effectiveness. Ninety-seven specific characteristics were examined in relation to clinical ratings of symptom severity at hospitalization and improvement. Aspects of patients' childhood family background and circumstances surrounding the process of hospitalization were related to symptom severity at the point of hospitalization, but the amount of improvement seen after five weeks of treatment was related to variables which measured level of role functioning and attainments. Where treatment effects were seen, response to fluphenazine hydrochloride was more marked among patients who showed characteristics traditionally regarded as unfavorable. Acetophenazine maleate served to enhance the effects of favorable prognostic indicators.
Integration of reproductive meristem fates by a SEPALLATA-like MADS-box gene.

Reproductive transition, inflorescence architecture, meristem patterning, and floral organ identity have been studied as distinct research areas in plant science. By using the ornamental plant Gerbera, we demonstrate that all of these keystone aspects of reproductive meristematic fate are integrated genetically by a single SEPALLATA-like MADS-box gene from a functional class designated previously as "floral homeotic" or "organ identity. " This extended regulatory network has not been elaborated in the model plant systems, which have a floral design and inflorescence-determinacy state that obscures these relationships.
Osmotic Stress Responses and Plant Growth Controlled by Potassium Transporters in Arabidopsis[C][W]

The KUP6 subfamily transporters regulated directly via an abscisic acid signaling complex act as key factors in osmotic adjustment by balancing potassium homeostasis in both cell growth and drought stress responses. Osmotic adjustment plays a fundamental role in water stress responses and growth in plants; however, the molecular mechanisms governing this process are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that the KUP potassium transporter family plays important roles in this process, under the control of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin. We generated Arabidopsis thaliana multiple mutants for K+ uptake transporter 6 (KUP6), KUP8, KUP2/SHORT HYPOCOTYL3, and an ABA-responsive potassium efflux channel, guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel (GORK). The triple mutants, kup268 and kup68 gork, exhibited enhanced cell expansion, suggesting that these KUPs negatively regulate turgor-dependent growth. Potassium uptake experiments using 86radioactive rubidium ion (86Rb+) in the mutants indicated that these KUPs might be involved in potassium efflux in Arabidopsis roots. The mutants showed increased auxin responses and decreased sensitivity to an auxin inhibitor (1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid) and ABA in lateral root growth. During water deficit stress, kup68 gork impaired ABA-mediated stomatal closing, and kup268 and kup68 gork decreased survival of drought stress. The protein kinase SNF1-related protein kinases 2E (SRK2E), a key component of ABA signaling, interacted with and phosphorylated KUP6, suggesting that KUP functions are regulated directly via an ABA signaling complex. We propose that the KUP6 subfamily transporters act as key factors in osmotic adjustment by balancing potassium homeostasis in cell growth and drought stress responses.
Explanation of the Charge-Trapping Properties of Silicon Nitride Storage Layers for NVM Devices Part I: Experimental Evidences From Physical and Electrical Characterizations

In part I of this paper, we study the physicochemical structure and the electrical properties of low-pressure-chemical-vapor-deposited silicon nitride (SiN) aimed to serve as storage layers for nonvolatile memory applications. An in-depth material analysis has been carried out together with a comprehensive electrical characterization on two samples fabricated with recipes yielding rather standard SiN and Si-rich SiN. The investigation points out the impact of SiN stoichiometry and hydrogen content on the electrical characteristics of gate stacks designed in view of channel hot-electron/hole-injection program/erase (P/E) operation and tunnel P/E operation. The extensive and detailed characterization establishes a sound experimental basis for the development of the physics-based trap models proposed in the companion paper.
Optimization of Betanodavirus culture and enumeration in striped snakehead fish cells

An optimized culture method for detection of infection of fish with the Red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype of betanodavirus in striped snakehead (SSN-1, Channa striatus) cells is described. Inoculation of fish tissue homogenates at the same time or within 4 hr of seeding the SSN-1 cells was as sensitive as the method recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health, where homogenates were adsorbed onto an established cell monolayer. Such modification halved the time required and the costs of consumables, and reduced the potential for error when processing large numbers of samples. Positive culture results were obtained from 88.3% of 392 fish tissue homogenates in which RGNNV was detected using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay; 99.7% of 943 tissue homogenates, which were qRT-PCR negative, were cell culture negative. Cytopathic effect (CPE) was characterized by large intracytoplasmic vacuoles in 0.1–60% of cells. Detachment of affected cells from the culture surface resulting in progressive disruption of the monolayer occurred in 46.4% of primary cultures and 96.0% of subcultures of positive samples. Identification of CPE that did not disrupt the cell monolayer increased estimates of the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) by 1.07–2.79 logs (95% confidence interval). The predicted mean TCID50/ml was 3.3 logs higher when cells were inoculated less than 36 hr after subculture at less than 80% confluence compared to cells inoculated at greater than 80% confluence and more than 36 hr after subculture (P < 0.05).
بررسی نیازهای درمانی دهان و دندان مبتلایان به سوء مصرف مواد مخدر

مقدمه:اعتیاد یکی از مهمترین مشکلات اجتماعی در جامعه است که با مسایل زیادی در حوزه‏های پزشکی، روانپزشکی، خانوادگی، شغلی، قانونی، مالی و معنوی همراه است. مشکلات گسترده دهان و دندان مبتلایان به سوء مصرف مواد می‏تواند موجب انزوا و عدم موفقیت درمان ترک اعتیاد گردد. هدف از این مطالعه نیازسنجی خدمات دندانپزشکی در جمعیت مبتلا به سوء مصرف مواد مخدر در مراکز ترک اعتیاد یاکاهش آسیب درمشهد می‏باشد. مواد و روش‏ها:در این مطالعه بوم شناختی، توصیفی و مقطعی با استفاده از نمونه گیری خوشه ای به 4 مرکز ترک اعتیاد در نقاط مختلف شهرستان مشهد مراجعه شد و در مجموع 200 معتاد با استفاده از فرم تغییر یافته سلامت دهان سازمان بهداشت جهانی مورد معاینه قرار گرفتند. داده‏ها به وسیله آمار توصیفی در قالب جداول و نمودارها و آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و با نسخه 5/11 برنامه آماری SPSS موردتجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‏ ها: افراد مورد مطالعه شامل 197 مرد و 3 زن بودند. در زمینه مدت زمان سپری شده از شروع اعتیاد تا مراجعه جهت ترک، طولانی‏ترین زمان 25-21 سال و شایع‏ترین زمان 10-6 سال گزارش شد. 75 درصد از افراد مورد مطالعه با مشکل خشکی دهان روبرو بودند. 5/98 درصد افراد نیاز به درمان ترمیمی داشتند. شایع ترین محدوده شاخص DMFT در بیماران مورد مطالعه 20-16 بود (با فراوانی نسبی 5/34 درصد). همبستگی میان DMFT و مدت اعتیاد به لحاظ آماری معنی‏دار بود (001/0>P). نتیجه‏ گیری: نیازهای درمانی دهان و دندان جمعیت معتادین در حال ترک گسترده و وسیع است و متعاقب آن نیاز مبرم به برنامه ریزی درمان‏های دندانپزشکی در این جمعیت در زمان ترک وجود دارد.
Subduction zone volcanic ash can fertilize the surface ocean and stimulate phytoplankton growth: Evidence from biogeochemical experiments and satellite data

Volcanoes confront Earth scientists with new fundamental questions: Can airborne volcanic ash release nutrients on contact with seawater, thereby excite the marine primary productivity (MPP); and, most notably, can volcanoes through oceanic fertilization affect the global climate in a way that is so far poorly understood? Here we present results from biogeochemical experiments showing that 1) volcanic ash from subduction zone volcanoes rapidly release an array of nutrients (co‐)limiting algal growth in vast oceanic areas, 2) at a speed much faster (minute‐scale) than hitherto known and that marine phytoplankton from low‐iron oceanic areas can swiftly, within days, utilize iron from volcanic sources. We further present satellite data possibly indicating an increase of the MPP due to the seaward deposition of volcanic particulate matter. Our study supports the hypothesis that oceanic (iron) fertilization with volcanic ash may play a vital role for the development of the global climate.
Medical decision‐making capacity in cognitively impaired Parkinson's disease patients without dementia

Little is currently known about the higher order functional skills of patients with Parkinson disease and cognitive impairment. Medical decision‐making capacity (MDC) was assessed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 16 patients with PD and cognitive impairment without dementia (PD‐CIND), 16 patients with PD dementia (PDD), and 22 healthy older adults. All participants were administered the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument (CCTI), a standardized capacity instrument assessing MDC under five different consent standards. Parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses were utilized to examine capacity performance on the consent standards. In addition, capacity outcomes (capable, marginally capable, or incapable outcomes) on the standards were identified for the two patient groups. Relative to controls, PD‐CIND patients demonstrated significant impairment on the understanding treatment consent standard, clinically the most stringent CCTI standard. Relative to controls and PD‐CIND patients, PDD patients were impaired on the three clinical standards of understanding, reasoning, and appreciation. The findings suggest that impairment in decisional capacity is already present in cognitively impaired patients with PD without dementia and increases as these patients develop dementia. Clinicians and researchers should carefully assess decisional capacity in all patients with PD with cognitive impairment. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The MapReduce-based approach to improve vehicle controls on big traffic events

Recently, with the integration of Hadoop framework in the resolution of many related transportation problems, it has been show that the concept of parallel and distributed computing plays an important role in the management of large-scale traffic data. The advantages of Hadoop components allow intensive computing with huge volume of streaming data which cannot be processed by traditional Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In this paper, we present a MapReduce-based approach to analyze big stream data in order to detect abnormal traffic events. Our approach consists in partitioning the big log file of traffic events into a set of sub-events then analyzing traffic events on each event block in parallel way. Experimental tests reveal that the proposed approach is very inspiring and achieves significant gain in term of calculation time.
Development of lateral line organs in the axolotl

Lateral line sensory receptors and their cranial nerves in axolotls arise from a dorsolateral series of placodes, including the octaval placode, that gives rise to the inner ear and the octaval nerve. Anterodorsal and anteroventral placodes occur rostral to the octaval placode and give rise to anterodorsal and anteroventral lateral line nerves and electroreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the snout, cheek, and lower jaw. Middle, supratemporal, and posterior placodes occur caudal to the octaval placode and give rise to similarly named lateral line nerves, electroreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the occipital region of the head, and trunk neuromasts.
Repeatability of sperm number across multiple matings in three cricket species, Gryllodes sigillatus, Gryllus veletis, and Gryllus texensis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

Although studies of various taxa have shown that males can alter the number of sperm in their ejaculates according to the risk of sperm competition, few studies have examined the extent to which the number of sperm transferred by males across multiple matings is repeatable. We assess the within-male and between-male components of variation in sperm number by counting the sperm in multiple ejaculates of males of three cricket species and determining the repeatability of sperm number. Sperm number was highly repeatable across multiple matings in all three species, leaving open the possibility that variation in sperm number is based, in part, on heritable genetic variation.
The expression of p53 and bcl-2 in superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its role in the outcome of postoperative intravesical chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND We evaluated whether p53 and bcl-2 expression has any predictive value on the outcome of postoperative adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunostaining for p53 and bcl-2 was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues obtained from 100 patients with superficial bladder TCC. 56 had solitary and 44 had multiple tumors; 36 were grade I, 53 grade II and 11 grade III; 50 were stage pTa and 50 stage pT1. They all received transurethral resection (TUR) and weekly intravesical instillation chemotherapy with either Thiotepa (70 patients) or Epirubicin (30 patients) for consecutive 8 doses postoperatively. RESULTS Overall, 7 (7%) tumors were p53+ and 12 (12%) tumors were bcl-2+. Of these, only one tumor was combined p53+ and bcl-2+. The status of tumor p53 and bcl-2 positivity was found to be not significantly correlated with either tumor grade or stage. After adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy, tumor recurrence is significantly correlated with tumor multifocality (p = 0.0002) but not with tumor grade and stage. Compared with p53- or bcl-2- tumors, patients with p53+ or bcl-2+ tumors do not show a higher tumor recurrence rate. The number of recurrence-free patients was also not significantly different in p53+ versus p53- tumors, bcl-2+ versus bcl-2- tumors. Six (6%) patients eventually developed disease progression, and none stained positively for either p53 or bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in superficial bladder TCC the status of tumor p53 and bcl-2 expression is not correlated with stage and grade. Their expression, either alone or combined, has no predictive role on the outcome of post-TUR intravesical chemotherapy on tumor recurrence.
Lower limb muscle growth in unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy

Commentary on article by Barber et al. Medial gastrocnemius muscle volume in ambulant children with unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy aged 2 to 9 years.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology Volume 58, Issue 11 November 2016 Pages 1146–1152
Cell Cycle Arrest and Reversion of Ras-Induced Transformation by a Conditionally Activated Form of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 3

ABSTRACT Signal-induced proliferation, differentiation, or stress responses of cells depend on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, the core modules of which consist of members of three successively acting kinase families (MAPK kinase kinase [MAP3K], MAPK kinase, and MAPK). It is demonstrated here that the MEKK3 kinase inhibits cell proliferation, a biologic response not commonly associated with members of the MAP3K family of kinases. A conditionally activated form of MEKK3 stably expressed in fibroblasts arrests these cells in early G1. MEKK3 critically blocks mitogen-driven expression of cyclin D1, a cyclin which is essential for progression of fibroblasts through G1. The MEKK3-induced block of cyclin D1 expression and of cell cycle progression may be mediated via p38 MAPK, a downstream effector of MEKK3. The MEKK3-mediated block of proliferation also reverses Ras-induced cellular transformation, suggesting possible tumor-suppressing functions for this kinase. Together, these results suggest an involvement of the MEKK3 kinase in negative regulation of cell cycle progression, and they provide the first insights into biologic activities of this kinase.
OPTN p.Met468Arg and ATXN2 intermediate length polyQ extension in families with C9orf72 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia

We have ascertained two families affected with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in which they both carry a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene, specifically in individuals who also presented with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD). While some reports attribute this phenotypic heterogeneity to the C9orf72 expansion alone, we screened for additional genetic variation in known ALS‐FTD genes that may also contribute to or modify the phenotypes. We performed genetic testing consisting of C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion, ATXN2 polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion, and targeted next generation sequencing using the ONDRISeq, a gene panel consisting of 80 genes known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, FTD, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment. In addition to the C9orf72 expansion, we observed an ATXN2 polyQ intermediate length expansion, and OPTN p.Met468Arg in patients who exhibited ALS and FTD or bvFTD. We conclude that the C9orf72 expansion likely explains much of the ALS‐FTD phenotype; however, inheritance of these additional variants likely modifies the disease course and may provide further evidence for biologically relevant oligogenic inheritance in ALS.