Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intra-population variation for agronomic characteristics in the durum wheat landrace “ SafraMa ’ an ” ( Triticum turgidum L . var . durum )

Two hundred and eighty six lines from tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) landrace “SafraMa’an” were selected randomly during 1994-1995 growing season. The entire populations with three commercial check cultivars (Acsad 65, Hourani 27, and Amra) were evaluated at Maru Agriculture Research Station during 1995-1996 growing season for 16 characters including grain yield per plant. The objectives were to assess the magnitude of phenotypic variations for several traits in tetraploid wheat “SafraMa’an” and to evaluate the potential usefulness of some of the traits identiied. Results showed wide range of phenotypic variation for most characters. Mono-morphism was common for juvenile growth habit, whereas the rest of the characters exhibited polymorphism in varying degrees. Considering all characters, the average diversity (H′) for “SafraMa’an” landrace was 0.65 ± 0.047. There were 10 lines superior to best check (Hourani 27) for grain yield per plant. Subsequently, the population lines were clustered into six distinct groups at a distance of about 0.55 based on their similarity for all traits. Acsad 65 and Amra were located in separate clusters whereas Hourani 27 cultivar was presented in cluster with most lines of “SafraMa’an”. Thirteen lines from the population showed a bluish green cast or glaucousness characters. Glaucous lines have greater kernels per spike. In contrast, this character showed no signiicant association with grain yield per plant despite the greater grain yield per plant obtained for the glaucous lines. The results are important for the breeding and selection of this crop.
INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHATE ON CHLORIDE-INDUCED CORROSION OF REINFORCING STEEL IN MORTARS

The influence of phosphate as a corrosion inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of asreceived and pre-rusted reinforcing steel in mortar specimens was investigated after exposure to 3.5% NaCl solution for 360 days, using electrochemical techniques for the reactions on the steel surface and microstructural observations of steel-mortar interface. The electrochemical methods, namely corrosion potential (Ecorr), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to evaluate the corrosion tendency and general corrosion rate of steel. The results indicate that, unlike to nitrite, which is generally accepted as the anodic inhibitor, phosphate may be a cathodic inhibitor due to the reduced corrosion rate and more negative Ecorr if the concentration is the same for both inhibitors in mortar specimens. It has also been found that the inhibiting efficiency of general corrosion for phosphate is lower than 10% both for as-received and pre-rusted reinforcing steels, which is not as good as nitrite.
University of Birmingham Multiple perpetrator rape

Objective: Violence perpetrated by groups has been proposed to result from processes that include deindividuation, instrumental responses to victim resistance, and leader-follower dynamics. Here we compare the explanatory merit of these accounts by analyzing the sequential patterns of behaviors that occurred in 71 accounts of multiple perpetrator rape by 189 suspects against lone females. Method: Victim accounts of the offenses made to the Police were coded for leader, follower, and victim actions using the interpersonal circumplex quadrants, and the offenses were rated as involving high or low non-sexual aggression. Results: Analysis of the temporal proximities among victim and suspect behaviors found that (1) in contrast to deindividuation, hostility deceased rather than increased with group size; (2) victim behavior had no significant effect on perpetrator violence; and, (3) leader behavior had a significant effect on group violence. Conclusions: Compared to low aggression offenses, high aggression offenses were characterized by the leaders’ hostile behaviors reinforcing the hostile behavior of followers, as well as there being some mutual reinforcement from follower(s) to leader. This has implications for theories of (sexual) violence perpetrated by multiple individuals, as well as for clinical work with such offenders. For example, the influence of peers in these offenses has implications for the planning of interventions with such offenders and the sorts of intervention that are likely to be successful.
Centralized and Distributed UTM in Layered Airspace

We investigate strategies for management of conflicts among autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in highdensity very low level (VLL) uncontrolled airspace. We consider deconfliction procedures which do not involve horizontal maneuvers, and study two types of airspace structure: singleand multilayered airspace. We compare different deconfliction paradigms by simulating a busy day of operations over a geographical area. Our main contributions are proposal of new deconfliction schemes for UAVs and assessment of the singleand multi-layered airspace designs. Our work aims to provide regulators and policy-makers with a framework for choosing between resolution strategies for the airspace management.
The Spoken Error Correction Used by the Teachers in English Classroom at Different Level of Education

This research aims to find, describe, and analyze the correction techniques used by the teachers in English classroom interaction. This research focuses to (1) identify the types of spoken error correction used by the teachers in English classroom, (2) explain the uptake of students toward the types of spoke error correction used by the teachers in English classroom, and (3) describe the preferences of students toward the spoken error correction used by the teachers in English classroom. This research was conducted at junior and senior high schools involving six English teachers and 266 students as respondents. This is a descriptive research which analyzes the teacher-student interaction in the classroom. The findings shows that (1) the most frequently type of spoken error correction used by the teachers at junior high Schoosl was recast while at Senior High School was clarification request. (2) The uptake of students highly contributed by recast at Junior High while at Senior High was contributed highly by clarification request. (3) The preferences of students toward the spoken error correction used by the teachers in English classroom at both levels were strongly preferred to the teacher provided correction and recast as the correction technique in correcting the students’ erroneous utterance.
Patient Attitudes Toward Physicians: Benchmarking consumer perceptions from 15 countries

Purpose — Stakeholders affiliated with healthcare services should understand patient attitudes and criteria that are involved in selecting a personal physician. This exploratory investigation attempts to identify the factors that are significant to patients in selecting or deselecting physicians as providers of healthcare services. Design/methodology/approach — The research structure was set to theorize the physician selection criteria (PSC) model into two phases. The first phase developed a conceptual model as revealed from healthcare consumer perceptions. The second phase was designed to test and validate the model through cause-effect statistical analysis underpinned by theoretical explanations through an empirical study. Findings — Through an empirical study of benchmarking perceptions of people from 15 different countries, qualitative physician selection criteria were gathered and used to formulate an initial PSC model. Based on the proposed model, a validity test was conducted, and finally the physician selection criteria (PSC) model was developed, resulting in several interesting and self-explanatory outcomes. Research limitations/implications — The model was tested in only one (relatively cosmopolitan) city. For proper generalization, it should be tested in countries with differing healthcare service systems. Practical implications — The results of this study are interesting, important, and have potential values to academics and medical professionals. The study provides strong evidence that a physician’s external approach to patients is the most significant issue for patients seeking medical services. This does not refer to basic medical services, but rather the treatment process, where the physician’s
C L ] 2 4 F eb 2 01 6 Toward Mention Detection Robustness with Recurrent Neural Networks

One of the key challenges in natural language processing (NLP) is to yield good performance across application domains and languages. In this work, we investigate the robustness of the mention detection systems, one of the fundamental tasks in information extraction, via recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The advantage of RNNs over the traditional approaches is their capacity to capture long ranges of context and implicitly adapt the word embeddings, trained on a large corpus, into a task-specific word representation, but still preserve the original semantic generalization to be helpful across domains. Our systematic evaluation for RNN architectures demonstrates that RNNs not only outperform the best reported systems (up to 9% relative error reduction) in the general setting but also achieve the state-of-the-art performance in the cross-domain setting for English. Regarding other languages, RNNs are significantly better than the traditional methods on the similar task of named entity recognition for Dutch (up to 22% relative error reduction).
Urban Traffic Calming and Air Quality : Effects and Implications for Practice May 2012

This summary is the second in a series of five short documents based on a literature review published in 2011. In what follows, we first present the mechanisms of action underlying traffic-calming strategies, as these mechanisms help to explain and predict the effects of calming interventions on air pollution produced by traffic. Next, we summarize the results of studies having evaluated two approaches to traffic calming
Non-Visual Cues for View Management in Narrow Field of View Augmented Reality Displays

Head-worn devices with a narrow field of view are common commodity for Augmented Reality. However, their limited screen space makes view management difficult. Especially in dense information spaces this potentially leads to visual conflicts such as overlapping labels (occlusion) and visual clutter. In this paper, we look into the potential of using audio and vibrotactile feedback to guide search and information localization. Our results indicate users can be guided with high accuracy using audio-tactile feedback with maximum median deviations of only 2° on longitude, 3.6° on latitude and 0.07 meter in depth. Regarding the encoding of latitude we found a superior performance when using audio, resulting in an improvement of 61% and fastest search times. When interpreting localization cues the maximum median deviation was 9.9° on longitude and 18% of a selected distance to be encoded which could be reduced to 14% when using audio.
Transaction Costs, Technology Adoption, and Input Subsidies in African Agriculture: Theory and Evidence from Western Kenya∗

Many governments in sub-Saharan Africa attempt to increase food security by subsidizing adoption of technologies like hybrid seeds and fertilizers. Subsidies often target relatively wealthy households that sell the staple crops that they produce. But when selling staples incurs transaction costs, households on the margin of selling staples may have the greatest incentives to adopt new technologies that allow them to overcome transaction costs of selling output. Similarly, households on the margin of buying staples may adopt new technologies that reduce their costs of buying staples from the market. I formalize this intuition by modeling a household’s adoption of an agricultural technology when it is costly to transact in output markets. The model shows households near the margins of selling or buying staples have the greatest incentives to adopt new technologies. I test this prediction using data from a randomized control trial of high-yielding maize varieties developed for western Kenya. Randomized access to hybrid seeds increases adoption most for sellers of maize and least for autarkic households, with differences in adoption driven by market participation. The theoretical and empirical analyses show that when output markets have transaction costs, output market participation is important to technology adoption decisions. ∗I am grateful for comments from Michael Carter, Travis Lybbert, and Kevin Novan. The main data set used in this study comes from the Western Seed Company impact evaluation commissioned by Acumen, a non-profit impact investment firm, and made possible in part by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-L-12-00001 with the BASIS Feed the Future Innovation Lab and the Agricultural Technology Adoption Initiative (ATAI) administered by JPAL at MIT and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. However the specific findings and recommendations remain solely the author’s and do not necessarily reflect those of USAID, the US Government, or other funders. †University of California, Davis (ssbird@ucdavis.edu, sites.google.com/view/samuelsbird)
Chemical Composition of Baobab Leaves and Fractionation of its Ethanolic Extract Using Column Chromatography

Background and objective: This study investigated the nutritional and phytochemical composition, antioxidant characteristics of Adansonia. digitata (baobab) leaves as well as fractionation of its ethanolic extract using column chromatography. Materials and methods: Baobab leaves were collected from wukari, dried under shade and analyzed for proximate, minerals and phytochemical compositions. Results: Using the column chromatographic fractionation, the following ranges were observed: Total antioxidant capacity (355.56-2900mg/ml), Total phenolic content (2.92365.42mg/ml), Total flavonoid content (0.41-30.05mg/ml), Metal chelating activity (361.54-5476.92mg/ml) and Beta carotene content (2.89-217.39mg/ml). Proximate composition of baobab leaves revealed the following levels: protein (19.84±0.022%), fat (3.72±0.014%), fibre (4.16±0.014%), ash (8.66±0.014%), Moisture (9.86±0.00%), and Carbohydrate (53.78±0.05%). The result of the Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of the following at indicated levels: Tannins (31.43±0.022mg/100g), Alkaloids (9.35±0.014mg/100g), Flavonoids (63.43±0.022mg/100g), Phenolics (124.36±0.05mg/100g), Glycosides (14.63±0.014mg/100g), Terpenes (12.65±0.02mg/100g) and steroids (6.13±0.022mg/100g). The mineral composition analysis revealed the presence of the following minerals: Ca (415.63±0.020mg/100g), Fe (10.93±0.014mg/100g), Mg (155.92±0.00mg/100g), K (345.41±0.00mg/100g), Na (21.43±0.022mg/100g), P (226.75±0.00mg/100g), Cr (1.06±0.02 μg/100g), S (0.17±0.022mg/100g), Zn (8.32 ±0.02mg/100g), Mn (35.16±0.05mg/100g), Cu (7.52±0.014mg/100g). Conclusion: This study has shown that Adansonia digitata leaves contain appreciable levels of nutrient components, useful minerals and phytochemicals such as cardiac glycosides and phenolics which are beneficial to heart and also have antioxidant properties for scavenging free radicals.
Single-walled carbon nanotube-derived novel structural material

Binder-free macroscopic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) solids were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of purified SWCNTs. The effects of processing temperatures and pressures on the mechanical properties of the SWCNT solids and structural change of SWCNTs in the SWCNT solids were investigated. Transmission electron microscope observation of the SWCNT solids revealed that the high-temperature treatment has transformed some part of the SWCNTs into amorphous-like structure and the rest of the SWCNTs remained buried into the above structure. The mechanical properties of the SWCNT solids increased with the increasing processing temperature, probably reflecting the improvement of interfacial strength between SWCNTs and disordered structure of carbon due to the spark plasma generated in the SPS process.
Ratio Working Paper No . 281 Entrepreneurship and Income Inequality

Entrepreneurship research highlights individual entrepreneurship as a simultaneous source of enhanced income mobility for some but a potential source of poverty for others. Research on inequality has furthered new types of models to decompose and problematize various sources of income inequality in modern economies, but attention to entrepreneurship as an increasingly prevalent occupational choice in these models remains scant. This paper seeks to bridge these two literatures by applying regression-based income decomposition among entrepreneurs and paid workers, distinguishing between self-employed (SE) and incorporated self-employed (ISE) individuals in Sweden. We find that the proportion of selfemployed in the workforce significantly increases income dispersion by way of widening the bottom end of the distribution, whereas the proportion of incorporated self-employed contributes only marginally to income dispersion at the top end of the distribution.
Optimal trading: The importance of being adaptive

We compare optimal static and dynamic solutions in trade execution. An optimal trade execution problem is considered where a trader is looking at a short-term price predictive signal while trading. When the trader creates an instantaneous market impact, it is shown that transaction costs of optimal adaptive strategies are substantially lower than the corresponding costs of the optimal static strategy. In the same spirit, in the case of transient impact, it is shown that strategies that observe the signal a finite number of times can dramatically reduce the transaction costs and improve the performance of the optimal static strategy.
Unilateral cleft lip repair with a slight variation of conventional Millard ’ s technique on the cleft side-a clinical study

Background: Many different techniques have been attempted for cleft repair. The most significant of these is Millard's “rotational advancement” technique devised in 1958. However, some of the few disadvantages of this technique are the nostril size discrepancy and a prominent scar on the cleft side. We describe a slight variation of this technique for treatment of several cases of unilateral cleft lip. Methods: The preoperative design of the surgical method was drawn on the skin, the vermilion, and the oral mucosa. After completion of the preoperative marking, the wide dissection was performed to separate the orbicularis oris muscle completely from the abnormally inserted bony structure and the enveloped skin-mucosal flap. The freed orbicularis oris muscle was then reconstructed with full width. On the cleft side alar crease incision is avoided and the incision is taken on the nasal mucosa only to construct nasal floor and avoid scar Results: Unilateral cleft lip repair using this technique was conducted in 42 patients between 2015 and 2017. A total of 05 patients (12%) required a secondary operation on the lip after the first unilateral cheiloplasty. In all patients, satisfactory surgical outcomes were obtained with an indistinct scar and a well-aligned lip contour. Conclusions: the slight variation on the cleft side by avoiding skin incision is a good technique to acquire a natural and balanced shape in unilateral cleft lip repair.
Consumption in the Ischemic Human Brain Local Relationships Between Restricted Water Diffusion and Oxygen

Copyright © 2006 American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0039-2499. Online Stroke is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 72514 DOI: 10.1161/01.STR. 0000232437.00621. 86 2006;37;1741-1748; originally published online Jun 8, 2006; Stroke Warburton and Jean-Claude Baron A. Aigbirhio, T. Adrian Carpenter, Christopher J. Price, Jonathan H. Gillard, Elizabeth Joseph V. Guadagno, P. Simon Jones, Tim D. Fryer, Olivier Barret, Franklin I. Consumption in the Ischemic Human Brain Local Relationships Between Restricted Water Diffusion and Oxygen http://stroke.ahajournals. org/cgi/content/full/strokeaha;38/4/1424 An erratum has been published regarding this article. Please see the attached page or: http://stroke.ahajournals. org/cgi/content/full/37/7/1741 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is
UAV-Based Multispectral Data for Tree Species Classification and Tree Vitality Analysis

The presented research work tested the suitability of remote sensing via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and multispectral data as a low-cost solution for forestry applications. High-resolution 6-band multispectral aerial image sequences obtained via UAV acquisition flights in three research areas in Austria were photogrammetrically processed to coherent datasets by the use of Structure-from-Motion technology. Resulting orthomosaics, digital surface and digital terrain models in resolutions from 2.5 – 5 cm were utilised in the subsequent object-based image analysis combined with a Random Forest classification modelling approach. The methodology facilitated tree species classification and vitality analysis with additional predictive mapping. Our study delivered promising results for the application of UAV-based multispectral datasets in operational forestry. The developed methodology performed reliably in species classification and despite inherent research issue-related uncertainties showed great potential in the detection of differences in tree vitality.
FEEDING OF NESTLING AND FLEDGLING EASTERN BLUEBIRDS

Several workers (Forbes 1903, Beal 1915, Cottam and Knappen 1939, Davison 1962) have described the prey consumed by adult Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis). No definitive studies, however, have been done on the diet of nestling and fledgling bluebirds. In this paper I summarize the behavior of Eastern Bluebirds feeding young, describe the diet of nestling and fledgling bluebirds, and discuss the relationship between the foraging tactics of bluebirds (Goldman 1975, Pinkowski 1977) and types of prey fed to the young.
Effect of post-harvest handling on the bacteria quality of selected fruits and vegetables sold in two markets at Abuja , Nigeria

The effects of postharvest handlings on the bacterial quality of some selected fruits and leafy vegetables sold in two markets in Abuja, Nigeria, were investigated. Carrot, guava, oranges, cucumber, garden egg, banana, plantain, cabbage, spinach, and Oha leaves were obtained from Karu and Nyanyan in markets in the Federal Capital Territorial Abuja, Nigeria. The study was carried out in 2012. Seven different types of fruits and three types of leafy vegetables were used in this study. The samples were all collected from fruit vendors in two different markets. The study was carried out in the rainy season and dry season. The fruits and vegetables were stored on three (3) different days (Day 1, Day 4 and Day 7). Significant (p< 0.05) differences were recorded between the two seasons. Banana had the highest bacteria load of 8.2 in the dry season; while Cabbage and Oha vegetable had 7.1 and 7.1 each in the raining season, Guava and cucumber showed the lowest bacteria load of 6.5 and 5.5 respectively in the both seasons. The results obtained from the investigations showed that bacteria load was higher on the fruits and vegetables during the dry season than in the raining season. The results shows that fruits and vegetables when eaten without proper washing can transmit some pathogens to consumers, hence more caution should be taken by consumers during the dry season.