Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Return of the House Call: The Role of Internet-Based Interactivity in Bringing Health Information Home to Older Adults

This study provides qualitative insight into how older adults are using the Internet for health communication. The research is framed with theory from several disciplines, including health and interactive communication, as well as related theoretical models. Data from focus groups was used to develop a model of seniors' online health interactions. Three primary themes that emerged in focus groups form the key elements of the model: the health situation, health information, and the medical field. Implications are suggested for advertising and marketing on the Internet, health information providers, and academic researchers in these areas.
The Impact of Content, Context, and Creator on User Engagement in Social Media Marketing

Social media has become an important tool in establishing relationships between companies and customers. However, creating effective content for social media marketing campaigns is a challenge, as companies have difficulty understanding what drives user engagement. One approach to addressing this challenge is to use analytics on user-generated social media content to understand the relationship between content features and user engagement. In this paper we report on a quantitative study that applies machine learning algorithms to extract textual and visual content features from Instagram posts, along with creatorand context-related variables, and to statistically model their influence on user engagement. Our findings can guide marketing and social media professionals in creating engaging content that communicates more effectively with their audiences.
Strategies for Gaining Visibility on Flickr

Social network sites (SNSs) have become an important part of daily communication practices and media use for millions of people. SNSs enable people to interact with content such as photographs or videos in a new way, to create user profiles and communicate with others through these online presentations of self. This study examines social practices among the group of active users of the popular online photo-sharing service Flickr. The results of nine qualitative user interviews show that there is ambivalence in people's relation to the community of Flickr; the users distribute their photographs with expectations of getting attention and feedback from others, but they have to be socially active and network with others in order to become noticed at all. This study aims to provide insight into the strategies for gaining visibility for one's personal content on Flickr, and to contribute to the theory of computer-mediated communication.
Regenerative axonal sprouting in the cat trochlear nerve

Following peripheral trochlear nerve axotomy in the cat, the normal number of myelinated axons is restored despite significant motor neuron death, suggesting regulation of the number of myelinated axons in the regenerated nerve. In this study we used light and electron microscopy to examine the production and maintenance of axonal sprouts at different locations in the nerve and at different postoperative intervals. Despite proliferative sprouting and an overproduction of nonmyelinated axons in the regenerating trochlear nerve, the number of myelinated axons was strictly regulated. Only ∼1,000 regenerated axons were eventually remyelinated, but many nonmyelinated axons were still present 6–8 months postaxotomy. Regenerated axons were remyelinated in a proximal‐to‐distal direction between 3 and 4 weeks postaxotomy.
Experimental investigation of the hemodynamic field of occluded arteries with double stenosis

In the present work, the hemodynamic field of an occluded artery is studied experimentally. 2D D.P.I.V measurements are presented regarding the statistically mean and turbulent flow field created in an artery having a double stenosis with over 75% occlusion. In this manuscript, the steady state case is considered. Experimental results show the influence of the stenoses on the formation of recirculation zones and the effect of flow characteristics on the shear stresses developing in the artery model.
Reference values of body composition obtained by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in preterm and term neonates.

BACKGROUND As previously reported, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry provides reliable and accurate values for bone mineralization in piglets and infants, but overestimates fat content in small infants. The purpose of the current study was to determine an appropriate equation of correction for fat mass measurement and to establish reference values of body composition of preterm and term neonates. METHODS Fat mass and chemical whole-body fat content were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in eight piglets with a body weight between 1408 and 5151 g. The results were combined with previous data obtained in 13 piglets, and two correction equations were determined according to fat mass content. Close to birth, 106 healthy appropriate-for-gestational-age preterm and term infants were scanned by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to determine bone mineral content, bone area, and fat mass. Fat mass content determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was corrected using the equations obtained in piglets after which lean body mass was recalculated. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body weight was the best predictor of bone mineral content (r2 = 0.94), bone area (r2 = 0.95), lean body mass (r2 = 0.98), and fat mass (r2 = 0.84). Gender was an additional significant independent variable for fat mass and lean body mass. Body weight related curves of percentiles for bone mineral content, bone area, fat mass, and lean body mass, were constructed. In vivo dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry values of fat mass and calcium content estimated from bone mineral content were in accordance with previously reported whole-body carcass reference values in preterm and term neonates. CONCLUSION Normative data of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition for healthy preterm and term infants are provided and can therefore be used in research and in clinical practice.
Tuberculosis Awareness Program and Associated Changes in Knowledge Levels of School Students

Background: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of tuberculosis awareness program amongst school students. Methods: This school-based interventional study was done on 135 secondary school students. They were randomly selected in field practice area of Urban Health Training Center (UHTC) of a private medical college in Pune city. Health awareness session on tuberculosis was conducted by using various visual and audiovisual aids by the medical college undergraduate students. A pre-test and post-proforma was filled before and after the session. Paired t-test was used to assess the effectiveness of awareness program. Results: There was a highly significant (P = 0) increase in the knowledge of school students after the tuberculosis awareness program by medical undergraduate students. The mean pre-test scores were 6.31 (52.58%), and the mean post-test scores were 10.20 (85%). This activity also helped medical undergraduate students to acquire skills related to communication, working in a team, preparation and presentation of various visual aids for health awareness program; they also gained knowledge of research methodology. Conclusions: Health education program by medical students helped significantly to improve the knowledge of school students regarding tuberculosis. Thus, medical college students can be involved to some extent for conducting health-related behavioral change communication (BCC) activities in schools during their Community Medicine morning posting. Collaboration of private medical colleges, schools, and district tuberculosis units (DTUs) can be ideally achieved under public private partnership (PPP) for health awareness programs.
Science, technology, power and sex: PrEP and HIV-positive gay men in Paris

Abstract The pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) drug Truvada is a new HIV prevention technology that is predominantly promoted as relevant to HIV-negative gay men. This paper explores what PrEP represents for HIV-positive gay men living in Paris, based upon data collected through interviews and ethnographic research. While HIV-positive gay men do not directly consume Truvada through PrEP, they nonetheless hold opinions and understandings of this drug, specifically as it relates to their own sexuality. This paper expands the representations and meanings of this new technology in a different light through the voices of gay men living with HIV in Paris. The main argument of this article is that PrEP as an additional HIV prevention tool blurs the lines between science, technologies and human sexuality.
What Is the Appropriate Meropenem MIC for Screening of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Low-Prevalence Settings?

ABSTRACT Infection with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) has been shown to cause significant illness among hospitalized patients. Given the paucity of treatment options, there is a critical need to stop the spread of CPE. However, screening for the presence of CPE in laboratory settings has been challenging. In order to assess the effectiveness of current CPE detection guidelines, we analyzed the meropenem MIC distribution for a large set of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates. A total of 1,022 isolates submitted to the Public Health Ontario Laboratories (PHOL) from January 2011 to March 2014 were examined. Only isolates displaying a meropenem or ertapenem MIC of ≥0.25 or ≥1 μg/ml, respectively, were included. Carbapenemase-positive isolates were identified by multiplex PCR. We identified 189 isolates positive for carbapenemases, which primarily comprised NDM, KPC, and OXA-48-like carbapenemases, and these isolates were largely Klebsiella spp. , Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter spp. Interestingly, 14 to 20% of these isolates displayed meropenem MICs within the susceptible range on the basis of CLSI and EUCAST breakpoint interpretive criteria. While the majority of meropenem-susceptible CPE isolates were observed to be E. coli, meropenem susceptibility was not exclusive to any one species/genus or carbapenemase type. Application of CLSI screening recommendations captured only 86% of carbapenemase-producing isolates, whereas application of EUCAST recommendations detected 98.4% of CPE isolates. In a region with a low carbapenemase prevalence, meropenem-based screening approaches require a cutoff MIC near the epidemiological wild-type threshold in order to achieve nearly optimal CPE identification.
Use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification Codes and Medication Use Data to Identify Nosocomial Clostridium difficile Infection

Objective. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is used for surveillance of CDI. However, the ICD-9-CM code alone cannot separate nosocomial cases from cases acquired outside the institution. The purpose of this study was to determine whether combining the ICD-9-CM code with medication treatment data for CDI in hospitalized patients could enable us to distinguish between patients with nosocomial CDI and patients who were admitted with CDI. The primary objective was to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of using the combination of ICD-9-CM code for CDI and CDI treatment records to identify cases of nosocomial CDI with the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of using the ICD-9-CM code alone. Design. Validation sample cross-sectional study. Setting. Academic health center. Methods. Administrative claims data from July 1, 2004, to June 30, 2005, were queried to identify adults discharged with an ICD-9-CM code for CDI and to find documentation of CDI therapy with oral vancomycin or metronidazole. Laboratory and medical records were queried to identify symptomatic CDI toxin-positive adult patients with nosocomial CDI and were compared with records of patients whose cases were predicted to be nosocomial by means of ICD-9-CM code and CDI therapy data. Results. Of 23,920 adult patients discharged from the hospital, 62 had nosocomial CDI according to symptoms and toxin assay. The sensitivity of the ICD-9-CM code alone for identifying nosocomial CDI was 96.8%, the specificity was 99.6%, the positive predictive value was 40.8%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. When CDI drug therapy was included with the ICD-9-CM code, the sensitivity ranged from 58.1% to 85.5%, specificity was virtually unchanged, and the range in positive predictive value was 37.9%–80.0%. Conclusion. Combining the ICD-9-CM code for CDI with drug therapy information increased the positive predictive value for nosocomial CDI but decreased the sensitivity.
Prognostic role of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in colorectal cancer

Background: Although previous meta-analyses have proved that lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is a prognostic factor in solid cancers, its prognostic role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. We, therefore, conducted this up-to-date meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic role of the LMR in CRC. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Embase for relevant studies in November 2016. Article assessing the prognostic role of LMR in CRC was enrolled in this meta-analysis. Data and characteristics of each study were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed to generate pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival. Begg funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias. Results: Eleven studies published between 2014 and 2016 with a total of 9045 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Our findings indicated that a low LMR predicted a worse OS (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.30–1.90, P < .001) and disease-free survival. (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13–1.39, P < .001) for patients with CRC. Subgroup analyses according to stage (I–III and IV) and LMR cut-off value (<3.00 and ≥3.00) showed a significant prognostic value of LMR on OS. Begg funnel plot showed that publication bias existed in this meta-analysis. Conclusions: This up-to-date meta-analysis shows that a low LMR is associated with poor survival in patients with CRC, although the publication bias is existed. Large-sample multicenter prospective cohort is needed to assess the role of the LMR in CRC patients.
CME Indoor Air Pollution in India : Implications on Health and its Control

Indoor air pollution is the degradation of indoor air quality by harmful chemicals and other materials; it can be up to 10 times worse than outdoor air pollution. This is because contained areas enable potential pollutants to build up more than open spaces. Statistics suggest that in developing countries, health impacts of indoor air pollution far outweigh those of outdoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution from solid fuels accounted for 3.5 million deaths and 4.5% global daily-adjusted life year (DALY) in 2010; it also accounted for 16% particulate matter pollution. Though there is a decrease in household air pollution from solid fuels in southeast Asia, still it ranked third among risk factors in the report of the Global Burden of Disease. (1) This paper provides an evidence-based insight into indoor air pollution, its effect on health, and suggested control measures.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Oral Clefts in a Multiethnic Population, Hawaii, 1986–2000

Objective To describe the relationship between oral clefts and demographic and clinical factors in Hawaii. Methods Data were obtained from a birth defects registry and included all infants and fetuses with oral clefts delivered during 1986 through 2000. Subjects were categorized as total, isolated, and nonisolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) or cleft palate without cleft lip (CP). Results There were 352 total subjects of CL±P and 192 total subjects of CP with corresponding rates per 10,000 live births of 12.5 for CL±P and 6.8 for CP. Total, isolated, and nonisolated CL±P rates demonstrated no clear pattern by maternal age. The total and nonisolated CP rates tended to be higher among older maternal age groups. The total CL±P rate was higher among Far East Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Filipinos than among whites. The total CP rate was higher among Far East Asians and Pacific Islanders than among whites, whereas the rate for Filipinos was lower than for whites. The total CL±P rate was substantially lower among females (rate ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49 to 0.77) and the total CP rate substantially higher among females (rate ratio 1.52, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.06). Both CL±P and CP were more common with lower birth weight and gestational age among the total, isolated, and nonisolated groups. Conclusions Oral cleft risk was associated with maternal race/ethnicity, sex, birth weight, and gestational age. Although some of the observed associations were consistent with the literature, others were not.
Anti‐tissue transglutaminase, anti‐endomysium and anti‐R1‐reticulin autoantibodies—the antibody trinity of coeliac disease

Anti‐tissue transglutaminase has been recently described as the predominant autoantigen in coeliac disease. We purified serum anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibodies from three patients with coeliac disease by column chromatography and eluted tissue section‐bound R1‐anti‐reticulin antibodies from sections of rat tissue for two of these. Lastly, we generated seven mouse MoAbs to guinea pig tissue transglutaminase. Each preparation was examined for anti‐tissue transglutaminase, anti‐endomysium, anti‐R1 reticulin and anti‐gliadin antibodies. Column‐purified patient antibodies and 2/7 mouse MoAbs gave characteristic anti‐endomysium/anti‐R1 reticulin reactivity on rat, monkey and human tissue. All positive sera gave indistinguishable patterns of immunofluorescence on rat liver, kidney and stomach, monkey oesophagus, and human umbilical cord. Anti‐R1‐reticulin eluted from sections showed anti‐tissue transglutaminase reactivity in 2/2 cases, but 0/2 showed anti‐gliadin reactivity. In both, tissue section‐eluted anti‐R1 reticulin gave endomysial staining on monkey oesophagus. None of the mouse monoclonals, or any of the purified patient's anti‐tissue transglutaminase or anti‐R1‐reticulin antibody showed any reactivity with gliadin. These data confirm tissue transglutaminase as the predominant autoantigen in coeliac disease and suggest that both anti‐endomysium and anti‐R1 reticulin reactivities seen in coeliac disease arise due to an immune response to tissue transglutaminase. Rigorous immunoabsorption was sufficient to abrogate reactivity in the tissue transglutaminase ELISA, but failed to completely absorb anti‐endomysium and anti‐reticulin activity. The possibility remains that some of the anti‐endomysium and anti‐reticulin activity was directed against antigens other than tissue transglutaminase.
Antibiotic resistance among coliforms and Pseudomonas spp. from bodies of water around Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Samples from municipal waste water, the Bonny River estuary and wells in and around Port Harcourt were examined for bacteriological quality over a 9 month period. A total of 157 Pseudomonas spp. , 133 Escherichia coli and 282 other coliforms were isolated and tested for the incidence of resistance to 10 antibiotics. All of the Pseudomonas spp. were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics while 96.2% were resistant to two or more. Most (83.5%) of the E. coli and other coliforms (91.8%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. All strains were susceptible to gentamicin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and tetracycline for E. coli ranged from 6.25 to 50 and 6.25 to 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and tetracycline were 1000 and 25 micrograms/ml for the Pseudomonas strains. The high incidence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is discussed in relation to the widespread use of antibiotics, and possible public health implications.
Changes in Marine Prokaryote Composition with Season and Depth Over an Arctic Polar Year

As the global climate changes, the higher latitudes are seen to be warming significantly faster. It is likely that the Arctic biome will experience considerable shifts in ice melt season length, leading to changes in photoirradiance and in the freshwater inputs to the marine environment. The exchange of nutrients between Arctic surface and deep waters and their cycling throughout the water column is driven by seasonal change. The impacts, however, of the current global climate transition period on the biodiversity of the Arctic Ocean and its activity are not yet known. To determine seasonal variation in the microbial communities in the deep water column, samples were collected from a profile (1-1000m depth) in the waters around the Svalbard archipelago throughout an annual cycle encompassing both the polar night and day. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to monitor prokaryote diversity. In epipelagic surface waters (200m), seasonality subsequently had much less effect on community composition. In summer, phytoplankton-associated Gammaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia dominated surface waters, whilst in low light conditions (surface waters in winter months and deeper waters all year round), the Thaumarchaeota and Chloroflexi-type SAR202 predominated. Alpha-diversity generally increased in epipelagic waters as seasonal light availability decreased; OTU richness also consistently increased down through the water column, with the deepest darkest waters containing the greatest diversity. Beta-diversity analyses confirmed that seasonality and depth also primarily drove community composition. The relative abundance of the eleven predominant taxa showed significant changes in surface waters in summer months and varied with season depending on the phytoplankton bloom stage; corresponding populations in deeper waters however, remained relatively unchanged. Given the significance of the annual phytoplankton bloom pattern on prokaryote diversity in Arctic waters, any changes to bloom dynamics resulting from accelerated global warming will likely have major impacts on surface marine microbial communities, those impacts inevitably trickling down into deeper waters.
A comparison of the bearing capacity of flat and conical circular foundations on sand

This paper describes a series of centrifuge model tests investigating the vertical bearing capacity of flat and conical circular foundations on sand, which are representative of the spudcan foundations of offshore jack-up units. It is found that at shallow embedment the bearing capacity factor, Nγ, mobilised by a conical footing is significantly lower—by a factor of up to 2—than that for a flat footing. Plasticity solutions indicate that this discrepancy cannot be attributed to the theoretical differences in Nγ that arise from the roughness and geometry of the cone: these theoretical differences are minor (<10%). Instead, it is proposed that in dense sand the pre-shearing induced by the conical shape of the footing leads to a form of progressive failure, so a lower operative friction angle is applicable to conical foundations than for flat footings. Since accurate solutions for Nγ exist, the key uncertainty in the prediction of bearing capacity is the appropriate friction angle, which is affected by this .