Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of oxygen consumption and blood flow in mouse somatosensory cortex by cell-type-specific neuronal activity

Gamma activity arising from the interplay between pyramidal neurons and fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons is an integral part of higher cognitive functions and is assumed to contribute significantly to brain metabolic responses. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) responses were evoked by optogenetic stimulation of cortical PV interneurons and pyramidal neurons. We found that CMRO2 responses depended on neuronal activation, but not on the power of gamma activity induced by optogenetic stimulation. This implies that evoked gamma activity per se is not energy demanding. Optogenetic stimulation of PV interneurons during somatosensory stimulation reduced excitatory neuronal activity but did not potentiate O2 consumption as previously hypothesized. In conclusion, our data suggest that activity-driven CMRO2 responses depend on neuronal excitation rather than the cerebral rhythmic activity they induce. Excitation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons requires energy, but inhibition of cortical excitatory neurons by interneurons does not potentiate activity-driven energy consumption.
Characterization and Economic Potential of Historic Tailings from Gravity Separation: Implications from a Mine Waste Dump (Pb-Ag) in the Harz Mountains Mining District, Germany

In contrast to modern tailings from froth flotation, little is known about historic tailings from gravity separation. However, they may be of economic interest due to their higher metal grades compared to modern tailings. As an example for these types of historic tailings, the inner structure, as well as the economic potential (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, Sb), of the old Bergwerkswohlfahrt mine waste dump in Germany were studied. The investigations focused on textural, geochemical, and mineralogical properties. For this purpose, an extensive drilling program was undertaken. The drill cores were subsequently analyzed with a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) core scanner to obtain the detailed spatial distribution of potentially valuable elements. The fine-sized residues could be differentiated into different layers, all of them including valuable metals in varying proportions. The strong variations in stratification and in metal distribution over short distances are caused by the batch-wise deposition of the tailings. This heterogeneity within short distances has to be taken into account for future exploration of these types of deposits. The application of a core scanner using LIBS is very convenient for detailed spatial analysis of drill cores, however, the calibration effort, particularly for heterogeneous sample material, is proportionally large. The valuable metal content for Bergwerkswohlfahrt was estimated to be 8000 metric tons of Pb and 610,000 ounces of Ag. Although of limited economic value, recycling might finance future remediation costs. Furthermore, the occurrence of historic tailings in nearby clusters may present further recycling opportunities.
Harmonic Phasor Estimation With Flat-Top FIR Filter

The IEEE Std C37.118. 1(a) describes synchrophasor measurement by a phasor measurement unit (PMU) for the system fundamental frequency. Harmonic synchrophasor, i.e., synchrophasor measured for harmonic frequencies, is not considered in the standard. Harmonic synchrophasor is useful for harmonic state estimation, power quality (PQ) monitoring, and harmonic power flow analysis. In this paper, we investigate the usability of the standard basic synchrophasor estimation model for the estimation of harmonic phasor (HP) up to the 50th harmonic as advised by the IEC Std 61000-4-7. For the estimation of HPs, an application of the flat-top (FT) finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter is proposed. Results for the maximally flat differentiator and the interpolated discrete Fourier transform (DFT) are also presented, confirming the superior performance of the proposed FT filter approach. HP estimation is verified with extended tests of the IEEE Std C37.118. 1(a), including steady-state and dynamic conditions with additive 60-dB noise.
Higher Order Energy Conservation and Global Well-Posedness of Solutions for Gross-Pitaevskii Hierarchies

We consider the cubic and quintic Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) hierarchies in d dimensions, for focusing and defocusing interactions. We introduce new higher order energy functionals and prove that they are conserved for solutions of energy subcritical defocusing, and L 2 subcritical (de)focusing GP hierarchies, in spaces also used by Erdös, Schlein and Yau. By use of this tool, we prove a priori H 1 bounds for positive semidefinite solutions in those spaces. Moreover, we obtain global well-posedness results for positive semidefinite solutions in the spaces studied in the works of Klainerman and Machedon. As part of our analysis, we prove generalizations of Sobolev and Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities for density matrices.
The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Perceived Supervisory Support (PSS) and Organizational Commitment (OC) towards Intention to Leave or Intention to Stay: A case of Casual Dining Restaurants in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Restaurant industry in Malaysia is continuing to grow positively and considered as one of sector that deal with number of employees. Due to this scenario, it can be said that managing employees in this industry very challenging especially in retaining them. Employees may quit due to many reasons. Hence, the management needs to monitor their employees before they have the intention to leave the organization. This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS), perceived supervisor support (PSS), and organizational commitment (OC) and employees’ intention to leave or stay in the casual dining restaurant in Klang Valley area. A total of 855 questionnaires have been distributed among employees working in the casual dining restaurant in Klang Valley area. This study employed convenient sampling and a total of 717 usable questionnaires gathered which gave an 84% response rate. This study was analyzed by using structural equation modeling and results from research findings indicated that organizational commitment (OC) was found to be the most influential for both intention to leave β = -0.31 (p < 0.001) and intention to stay β = 0.75, p < 0.001. The finding is expected to help management to highlight this factor and plan strategies to retain their staff and minimize actual turnover from occur.
Effect of TXNRD2 rs35934224, FOXC1 rs2745599 and rs984253 genetic polymorphisms combinations on the development of primary open-angle glaucoma and their degree of association with the disease

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex disease caused by numerous genetic and environmental factors, as well as their interaction. In recent studies, the effect of genetic polymorphisms combinations and non-equilibrium linkage of allele genes related to the development of POAG has been proved. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of TXNRD2 rs35934224, FOXC1 rs2745599 and rs984253 genetic polymorphisms combinations on the development of primary open-angle glaucoma and their degree of association with the disease. The study included 93 patients (185 eyes) with POAG stage I-IV and 89 volunteers (178 eyes) control subjects without any types of glaucoma. The patients were divided into four groups according to the degree of perimetric changes (Nesterov A. P., 2008). All patients performed visometry, computer perimetry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, gonioscopy, keratopahymetry, optical coherent tomography of the optic nerve. Analysis of the TXNRD2 rs35934224, FOXC1 rs2745599 and rs984253 genetic polymorphism with POAG was performed in real time using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Gene Amp® PCR System 7500 (Applied Biosystems, USA) automatic amplifier. In the first stage of the study, the genomic DNA from whole venous blood was isolated using the standard reagents PureLink® Genomic DNA Kit for purification of genomic DNA, manufactured by INVITROGEN (USA). The analysis of polymorphism was carried out using unified test systems of TaqMan Mutation Detection Assays Life-Technology (USA). It was determined that the association with POAG had the genotype C/T*A/A*T/A as by comparing control with all patients, and by stratification – with the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups of patients. The obtained results showed the evidentiary effect of this genotype combinations on the appearance of POAG, and on its progression by the stages of perimetric changes. The risk of the occurrence of POAG in carriers of genotypes C/T*A/A*T/A was increased by 2.8 times (p<0.001). In this combination, the two polymorphisms had heterozygous genotypes (rs35934224 – C/T, rs984253 – T/A), and the genotype rs2745599 – a mutant homozygote A/A. A combination of genotypes C/C*G/A*T/A was also important for the progression of the disease till stage II, which increased the risk of development of the POAG stage II by 2.9 times (p<0.01) compared to control. The risk of occurrence of the POAG in general and development of stage IV increased the presence of combinations of three minor genotypes T/T*A/A*A/A, which was encountered only in patients with POAG (in stage II – f = 0.025, in the third stage – f = 0.036, and in IV – f = 0.071). In our opinion, it confirmed the proposed working hypothesis of the study and showed that the more genotype combinations have the mutant alleles, the stronger this genotype affects the development of POAG.
An activity theory perspective on contradictions in flipped mathematics classrooms at the university level

ABSTRACT This study explores contradictions that emerge when utilizing a flipped classroom approach to university mathematics education. The work uses Activity Theory and its principle of dialectical contradiction as a theoretical framework to identify and analyse contradictions that arise in flipped mathematics classrooms for engineering students. Data were collected mainly by means of video recording of classroom activities and interviews with two cohorts of first-year engineering students in a Norwegian university over two years. An inductive approach to data analysis based on the interaction between the theoretical framework and the empirical data is used to provide evidence about the contradictions. The results show that contradictions manifest themselves as tensions in flipped mathematics classrooms. They emerge at different activity levels and affect student learning of mathematics. The aim of the study is to add to the lack of theoretical underpinning and limited research on tensions and contradictions in flipped mathematics classrooms at the university level.
Interactions between motor thalamic field potentials and single unit spiking predict behavior in rats

The thalamus plays a central role in generating circuit-level neural oscillations believed to coordinate brain activity over large spatiotemporal scales. Such thalamic influences are well-documented for sleep rhythms and in sensory systems, but the relationship between thalamic activity, motor circuit local field potential (LFP) oscillations, and behavior is unknown. We recorded wideband motor thalamic (Mthal) electrophysiology as healthy rats performed a two-alternative forced choice task. The power of delta (1−4 Hz), beta (13−30 Hz), low gamma (30−70 Hz), and high gamma (70−200 Hz) oscillations were strongly modulated by task performance. As in cortex, delta phase predicted beta/low gamma power and reaction time. Furthermore, delta phase differentially predicted spike timing in functionally distinct populations of Mthal neurons, which also predicted task performance and beta power. These complex relationships suggest mechanisms for commonly observed LFP-LFP and spike-LFP interactions, as well as subcortical influences on motor output.
Human serum albumin-based probes for molecular targeting of macrophage scavenger receptors

Background: Inflammation and accumulation of macrophages are key features of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. The ability of macrophages to take up molecular probes can be exploited in new clinical imaging methods for the detection of unstable atherosclerotic lesions. We investigated whether modifications of human serum albumin (HSA) could be used to target macrophages efficiently in vitro. Materials and methods: Maleylated and aconitylated HSA were compared with unmodified HSA. Fluorescent or radiolabeled (89Zr) modified HSA was used in in vitro experiments to study cellular uptake by differentiated THP-1 cells and primary human macrophages. The time course of uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, real-time microscopy and radioactivity measurements. The involvement of scavenger receptors (SR-A1, SR-B2, LOX-1) was assessed by knockdown experiments using RNA interference, by blocking experiments and by assays of competition by modified low-density lipoprotein. Results: Modified HSA was readily taken up by different macrophages. Uptake was mediated nonexclusively via the scavenger receptor SR-A1 (encoded by the MSR1 gene). Knockdown of CD36 and ORL1 had no influence on the uptake. Modified HSA was preferentially taken up by human macrophages compared with other vascular cell types such as endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Conclusions: Modified 89Zr-labeled HSA probes were recognized by different subsets of polarized macrophages, and maleylated HSA may be a promising radiotracer for radionuclide imaging of macrophage-rich inflammatory vascular diseases.
Packet Layer Erasure Coding in Interplanetary Links: The LTP Erasure Coding Link Service Adapter

Interplanetary networks are affected by long propagation delays, intermittent connectivity, possible packet losses due to residual errors, and other impairments. To cope with these challenges, the delay-/disruption-tolerant networking (DTN) architecture utilizes the Licklider transmission protocol (LTP) as convergence layer on space links. The LTP reliable service (red) relies on Automatic Repeat reQuest, but very long propagation delays make packet layer forward error correcting (PL-FEC) codes very appealing to protect LTP segments from losses. The key advantage of FEC is that LTP retransmissions would be limited to the unlikely case of decoding failures. To this end, a new FEC-based protocol, to be inserted immediately below LTP, the erasure coding link service adapter (ECLSA), is presented here. ECLSA is completely transparent to LTP, relies on two alternative external libraries for coding/decoding, LibecDLR and OpenFEC, both using low density parity check codes and it is fully integrated with the ION DTN software package of NASA-JPL. This paper aims to provide a solid description of ECLSA, including features functional in a real deployment (such as the dynamic selection of codes). Performance is evaluated at the end of the paper, with nearly ideal results. ECLSA is released as free software and is already included in the “contrib” section of ION.
Layer‐by‐layer nanoparticles for novel delivery of cisplatin and PARP inhibitors for platinum‐based drug resistance therapy in ovarian cancer

Abstract Advanced staged high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer death in the developed world, with 5‐year survival rates of only 25–30% due to late‐stage diagnosis and the shortcomings of platinum‐based therapies. A Phase I clinical trial of a combination of free cisplatin and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) showed therapeutic benefit for HGSOC. In this study, we address the challenge of resistance to platinum‐based therapy by developing a targeted delivery approach. Novel electrostatic layer‐by‐layer (LbL) liposomal nanoparticles (NPs) with a terminal hyaluronic acid layer that facilitates CD44 receptor targeting are designed for selective targeting of HGSOC cells; the liposomes can be formulated to contain both cisplatin and the PARPi drug within the liposomal core and bilayer. The therapeutic effectiveness of LbL NP‐encapsulated cisplatin and PARPi alone and in combination was compared with the corresponding free drugs in luciferase and CD44‐expressing OVCAR8 orthotopic xenografts in female nude mice. The NPs exhibited prolonged blood circulation half‐life, mechanistic staged drug release and targeted codelivery of the therapeutic agents to HGSOC cells. Moreover, compared to the free drugs, the NPs resulted in significantly reduced tumor metastasis, extended survival, and moderated systemic toxicity.
İSTASYON TEKNİĞİNİN FEN VE TEKNOLOJİ DERSİNİN AKADEMİK BAŞARISINA ETKİSİ

The object of this study is to explain how the station technique raises the studets' level of success in grade 7 in primary education, and to explain the feeling which it arouses on these students. The practices were applied in Melahat Akkutlu Secondary Schooling Kadikoy in Istanbul in the first term of 2013-2014 School Year in grade 7. In the study, ''pretests and post tests control group model'' from experimental designs was used. The experimental group (consists of 25) was chosen as the group control-1 by chance. In the implementation process, while the control group was instructed in the direction of the activities in the curriculum (constructivism), the students in the experimental group were instructed with the help of the technique of "the learning in the stations". Experimental group was split to six equal station groups composed of 4-5 students. Under the guidance of teachers, these groups studied four lessons in a week one of which was regulated as 20-25 minutes. In the study, the descriptive statistical methods (numbers, percentage, average, standard deviation) were used while the outcomes were evaluated. On the other hand, in the evaluation of the quantitative outcomes, the difference between two groups, t-test and the one-way covariance analyse (ANCOVA) were used. The whole outcomes were evaluated in 95 per cent confidence interval and in 5 percent meaningfulness level. At the end of the implementation, it was observed that the level of the experimentation group - which was instructed with the help of the station technique- increased by the analyse of the outcomes of the academic achievement test.
Amazonia versus Pontocaspis: a key to understanding the mineral composition of mysid statoliths (Crustacea: Mysida)

Author(s): Wittmann, Karl J.; Ariani, Antonio P. | Abstract: We have determined the mineral composition of statoliths in 169 species or subspecies (256 populations) of the family Mysidae on a worldwide scale. Including previously published data, the crystallographic characteristics are now known for 296 extant species or subspecies: fluorite (CaF2) in 79%, vaterite (a metastable form of crystalline CaCO3) in 16%, and non-crystalline (organic) components in 5%, the latter exclusively and throughout in the subfamilies Boreomysinae and Rhopalophthalminae. Within the subfamily Mysinae vaterite or fluorite were found in three tribes, whereas other three tribes have fluorite only. The exclusive presence of fluorite was confirmed for the remaining seven subfamilies. Hotspots of vaterite were found in Amazonia and the Pontocaspis, in each case with reduced frequencies in main and tributary basins of the Atlantic and N-Indian Ocean. Vaterite is completely absent in the remaining aquatic regions of the world. In accordance with previous findings, fluorite occurred mainly in seawater, vaterite mostly in brackish to freshwater. Only vaterite was found in electrolyte-poor Black Water of Amazonia, which clearly cannot support the high fluorine demand for renewal of otherwise large fluorite statoliths upon each moult. Vaterite prevails in Diamysini, distributed over most of the area once occupied by the Tethyan Sea. It also prevails in Paramysini with main occurrence in the Pontocaspis, where fossil calcareous statoliths in the stable form of calcite are known from Miocene sediments of the brackish Paratethys. Four Recent genera from three tribes are heterogeneous in that they comprise both vaterite- and fluorite-precipitating species. Previous hypotheses are expanded to cover greater geographic and time scales, proposing that fluorite-bearing marine ancestors penetrated freshwaters in Tethyan and Paratethyan basins, where they developed precipitation of vaterite. This gave their successors predispositions for shifting into separate evolutionary lines from fluorite to vaterite precipitation and vice versa.
Simultaneous estimation of a joint time use, expenditure allocation and mode choice model: A simulated maximum likelihood approach

hEART 2018 Simultaneous estimation of a joint time use, expenditure allocation and mode choice model: A simulated maximum likelihood approach Basil Schmid PhD student at the Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland E-Mail: basil.schmid@ivt.baug. ethz.ch Simona Jokubauskaite PhD student at the Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, BOKU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: simona.jokubauskaite@boku.ac. at Florian Aschauer PhD student at the Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, BOKU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: florian.aschauer@boku.ac. at Dr. Stefanie Peer Institute for Multi-Level Governance and Development, WU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: stefanie.peer@wu.ac. at Dr. Reinhard Hoessinger Institute for Transport Studies, BOKU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: reinhard.hoessinger@boku.ac. at Prof. Regine Gerike Institute of Transport Planning and Road Traffic, TU Dresden, Germany E-Mail: regine.gerike@tu-dresden.de Prof. Sergio Jara-Diaz Department of Civil Engineering, University of Chile E-Mail: jaradiaz@ing.uchile. cl Prof. Kay W. Axhausen Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland E-Mail: axhausen@ivt.baug. ethz.ch
Impacts of different concentrations of Copper and Zinc on in vitro responses of Azotobacter chroococum in biomass and nitrogen fixing outputs

The responses of Azotobacter chroococum for copper and zinc were surveyed in this study. The impacts of different concentrations of copper and zinc on biomass formation and nitrogen fixation of Azotobacter chroococum were investigated. Batch trials were performed under continuous airflow using Jensen’s nitrogen free broth, at ambient room temperatures for seven days. Maximum biomass yields of 0.068 OD600 units and 0.131 OD600 units were recorded at 25 mg L -1 and 200 mg L-1 for copper and zinc amended trials, respectively. Maximum nitrogen fixations of 1.446 ppm and 1.507 ppm were also recorded for copper and zinc amended trials at 12.5 mg L-1, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed strong significant correlations between metal concentrations and nitrogen fixation for copper and zinc amended trials, respectively. Leudeking-Piret modeling showed that nitrogen fixations of Azotobacter chroococum in both copper and zinc amended trials were associated with biomass density.