Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximal Gaussian Affine Models for Multiple Commodities: A Note

This study extends the maximal affine models of single assets to a multi‐commodity setup. We show that the correlated version of maximal affine models for a single commodity is no longer maximal for multiple commodities. In the maximal model, the convenience yield of a certain commodity could depend on the prices of other commodities, which is consistent with the structural model in our companion study Casassus, Liu, and Tang [Review of Financial Studies, 26, 1324–1362, 2013]. This cross‐commodity relationship is a feedback effect that may generate substantial co‐movement among long‐run commodity prices, a fact that is consistent with many empirical studies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:75–86, 2015
DRUG ADHERENCE AND DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS IN PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS RELATED TO BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

One of the most common urinary disorders in elderly male population is lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The symptoms of this disease entity are bladder outlet obstruction, prostate gland enlargement, and lower urinary tract symptoms (1). BPH contributes to bladder infections and stone formation of the bladder and the risk of urinary retention significantly increases causing renal failure (2, 3). Due to the increasing life expectancy of men, this disease entity relates to relevant implications within diagnostics, therapy and socioeconomics. BPH often requires surgical treatment (4); however, in recent years, fewer surgical interventions are being performed owing to the proven efficacy of pharmacotherapy, including combination treatment that primarily uses 2 classes of drugs, 5-a-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) and a-1-adrenolytics (alpha blockers (ABs)) with a different pharmacological activity (4). The a-1-adrenolytic class manages urinary symptoms by improving objective parameters such as by increasing the maximum urine flow rate, and decreasing urinary retention after micturition (1). Noradrenaline acts on the a-1-adrenergic receptors (a-1-ARs) located in the neck and sphincter of the urinary bladder to promote contraction and prevent urinary retention and also controls the smooth muscles in the capsule of prostate and prostatic urethra. Selective a-1-AR blockers relax smooth muscles in the prostate and bladder neck causing relief of obstruction (1, 5). Long-term combination therapy (CT) using ABs and 5-areductase inhibitors (5ARIs) is beneficial in terms of symptom control and disease progression (6, 7). Pharmacotherapy of BPH is very effective in urological clinical practice; however, there remain several unmet medical needs, such as limited drug effectiveness, low drug adherence, or inappropriate patient management (8-10). Several medical needs such as limited drug effectiveness secondary to low drug adherence or inappropriate patient management could be met based on the results of this study, which analyses the reasons for this observation. A greater focus on the physician-patient relationship and communication is important to improve the effectiveness of pharmacological therapy. Furthermore, the correlation between long-term treatment and drug adherence and BPH progression has not yet been completely researched JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018, 69, 4, 639-645 www.jpp. krakow.pl | DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2018. 4.14
The Less You Know, the More You Are Afraid of—A Survey on Risk Perceptions of Investment Products

We conducted a survey on risk perceptions of investment products in the German-speaking area of Switzerland. Unlike the typical two-factor structure documented in the previous literature, we found that knowledge-related scales were highly correlated with risk-related scales, whereas the correlation between perceived risk and historical risk measures was much lower. The respondents perceived those easier-to-understand products as less risky, which was likely driven by the familiarity bias. Our results are in line with the affect heuristic and risk-as-feelings hypotheses.
Role of phytohormones (indol acetic acid, jasmonic acid, salcylic acid, and ethylene) in nematode-plant interactions

Plant parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive major pest of crop plants. Root knot nematode species and cyst nematodes are well studied species of nematode with various ranges of host. The common means of control for these pests mostly rely usually on use of chemicals like nematicides, which are environmentally unfriend and costly especially in large scale agricultural production systems. However, recent advances showed that there are other alternative strategies, such as development of resistant crop varieties and exploiting natural resistance genes of plants in conventional breeding programs. Molecular basis of biotechnological applications are also considered as an effective measure to control these pests. Many studies showed the existence of complex gene expression and hormone signaling for both compatible and incompatible interaction with the process of plant-nematode interaction. This review provides information on the overview of recent knowledges on the role of plant hormones mediating feeding site development through plant-parasitic nematodes and the role of phytohormones resistance against nematodes.
Leading for the Future: Brand Management in the Learning Context

In the changing environment a more holistic approach to brand management is needed. It should be based on the reflective approach in order to achieve customer-focused objectives. Brand management should be embedded in the whole company with elements such as corporate mission, values, culture, empowerment, and knowledge sharing representing the core elements of the branding framework. Learning company can be valued according to the following elements: HRM placing learning and experimenting as priorities, empowered individuals working in teams, corporate culture stimulating learning and knowledge sharing, managers serving as leaders, teachers, designers, and stewards that stimulate the introduction of the learning results in the value creating process. The article examines the interconnectivity between brand management and the learning company and develops a conceptual framework underlying the research, establishing the isomorphism between the two concepts what will contribute to the consistency of values conveyed through the brand but also to the brand longevity and increased organizational performance in general.
Assessing the Current Account Sustainability in ECCAS Economies: A Dual Cointegration Analysis

This paper examines the sustainability of the current account deficits in eight Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) over the period 1970 to 2015. The empirical investigation relies on both panel and intra-panel approaches to test for long-run relationship between variables. Furthermore, non-linearity as well as asymmetric adjustment of Enders and Siklos (2001) is taken into account in cointegration analysis. Results from panel analysis show that; although exports and imports are cointegrated, the current account deficits are weakly sustainable in ECCAS. These results also hold in each country's analysis. Therefore, these eight ECCAS countries should implement policies to reinforce the sustainability of the current account deficits.
Evaluating Entrainment Vulnerability to Agricultural Irrigation Diversions: A Comparison among Open-Water Fishes

In July 2000 and 2001, we sampled adjacent screened and unscreened agricul- tural irrigation diversions in the Sacramento River, California to (1) evaluate the effec- tiveness of a custom fish screen for excluding four open-water fishes: native delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus and alien threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense, inland silverside Menidia beryllina, and striped bass Morone saxatilis; and (2) examine factors affecting entrainment of each species. We also compiled trawl and beach seine data from contem- poraneous monitoring programs to make inferences about microhabitat use by these fishes and its implications for entrainment vulnerability. The fish screen reduced en- trainment of each species by 99% or more and excluded many fish less than 25 mm, the approximate minimum length it was designed to exclude. Tidal and diel influences on entrainment through the unscreened diversion were observed, but diel cycles appeared to be more important, as most entrainment occurred at night or during crepuscular periods. Except for delta smelt, our results suggested that open-water fishes may un- dergo ontogenetic changes in vulnerability to unscreened irrigation diversions. Fishes entrained during daylight (threadfin shad and striped bass) averaged only 15-16 mm in length. At night, average lengths of entrained threadfin shad and inland silverside were 22-25 mm, even though larvae continued to be entrained. Similarly, a diel influence on striped bass entrainment was observed only in 2000, when individuals larger than 20 mm were consistently collected. No striped bass were collected at sizes greater than 35 mm, even though larger individuals occupied the study area. We found no evidence of size-related changes in delta smelt vulnerability to entrainment, but the monitoring data indicated that delta smelt were abundant offshore, whereas the other three species were most abundant nearshore. We think that low and inconsistent entrainment of delta smelt reflected (1) predominantly offshore habitat use by delta smelt, and (2) the relatively small hydrodynamic influence of the diversion.
‘Benefits Street’ and the Myth of Workless Communities

This paper critically engages with a pervasive myth about welfare in the UK which is commonly spread by politicians, think tanks and the media. This is the myth that there are areas of the country which are so affected by entrenched cultures of ‘welfare dependency’ that the majority of residents are unemployed. In undertaking research that sought to investigate a different idea - that there are families where no-one has worked over several generations - we simultaneously gathered evidence about the likelihood that there are localities where virtually no-one is in employment. The rationale for Channel 4's Benefits Street was exactly this; that whole streets and neighbourhoods are of out of work and living on welfare benefits. We draw on research evidence gathered in Middlesbrough and Glasgow to investigate this idea. Thus, the aim of our paper is simple and empirical: is the central idea of ‘Benefits Street’ true? Are there streets and neighbourhoods in the UK where virtually no-one works?
Biochemical investigation of Triticum aestivum L. genotypes under different growth stages exposed to terminal heat stress

In the present study, the effect of terminal heat stress on 10 wheat genotypes (viz., VL-832, HD-3065, WH-1124, WH-1100, VL-892, Halna, PBW-590, PBW-658, PCPGR7854, and DBW-90) was evaluated under timely and late sown conditions. Various Physio-biochemical parameters were ascertained in all the cultivars throughout the growth duration stages. Increasing temperature showed marked effect in various physiological and biochemical parameters tested in all genotypes under study. The genotypes differed significantly with respect to time of sowing (timely and late) having significant effect on plant height, LAI and Fv/Fm ratio. Decrease in H2O2 content was observed in PBW-590, PBW658, PCPGR-7854, Halna and WH-1124 under terminal heat stress (showing their better tolerance). Lower level of MDA was observed in WH-1124, VL-832 and PCPGR-7854. Elevated CAT activity was observed in WH-1124, PBW-590, Halna and PCPGR-7854 under terminal heat stress. APX activity increased significantly in DBW-90, HD-3065 and PBW-590 whereas POD activity increased significantly in PBW-658, WH-1124 and WH-1100 under terminal heat stress. The present study revealed that terminal heat stress causes significant oxidative damage by production of reactive oxygen species, causing membrane damage via, lipid peroxidation and triggers the production of antioxidant enzymes in tolerant genotypes
Is Inequality Harmful for Growth

Is inequality harmful for growth? The authors suggest that it is. In a society where distributional conflict is important, political decisions produce economic policies that tax investment and growth-promoting activities in order to redistribute income. The paper formulates a theoretical model that captures this idea. The model's implications are supported by the evidence. Both historical panel data and postwar cross-sections indicate a significant and large negative relation between inequality and growth. This relation is only present in democracies. Copyright 1994 by American Economic Association.
Effect of obturation technique with immediate and delayed post space preparation on apical voids and bond strength of apical gutta-percha

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate and delayed post space preparation on the sealing ability of two root canal obturation techniques by using micro-computed tomography imaging and a push-out test. Methods The root canals of 40 human maxillary premolar teeth were instrumented and divided into four groups: (A) single cone (SC) followed by immediate post space preparation, (B) continuous wave of condensation (CWC) followed by immediate post space preparation, (C) SC followed by delayed post space preparation, and (D) CWC followed by delayed post space preparation. Micro-CT scans were performed for volumetric analysis of voids and filling materials in the apical 4-mm portion. A push-out test was performed, and failure modes (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed) were assessed. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance. Results No significant differences were observed among the four groups in terms of the percentage volume of voids of the apical 4 mm or the bond strength of apical gutta-percha. Conclusions The percentage volume of voids and bond strength of apical gutta-percha were similar and were not significantly influenced by the timing of post space preparation or the obturation technique.
A note on multiple imputation for method of moments estimation

Multiple imputation is widely used for estimation in situations where there are missing data. Rubin (1987) provided an easily applicable formula for multiple imputation variance estimation, but its validity requires the congeniality condition of Meng (1994), which may not be satisfied for method of moments estimation. We give the asymptotic bias of Rubin's variance estimator when method of moments estimation is used in the complete-sample analysis for each imputed dataset. A new variance estimator based on over-imputation is proposed to provide asymptotically valid inference in this case.
Leukemia: Derived heat shock protein gp96-peptide complex contribution to T cell and dendritic cell activation

The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein gp96 (HSP-gp96), has been shown to have roles in the synthesis, processing and transport of tumor antigens. Therefore, the capacity for HSP-gp96 to induce dendritic cells (DCs), thymus-dependent lymphocytes (T lymphocytes), natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was investigated. Recombinant adenovirus (AD) containing HSP-gp96 (AD-gp96), as well as gp96-peptide complex from the human leukemia cell lines, K562, HL-60 and U937, was prepared. Purified gp96-peptide complex was found to stimulate the proliferation of T lymphocytes, increase the activity of NK cells and CTLs and induce the secretion of cytokines, compared with ADgp96. In the latter case, levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were found to increase and levels of IL-12(P70) and IL- 10 decreased. In combination, these results indicated that the gp96-peptide complexes derived from the tumor cells contributed to the activation of lymphocytes and increase the presentation of tumor antigen. Furthermore, the chaperone function of gp96 promoted the maturation of DCs, enhanced the antigen presention function of DCs and induced the secretion of cytokines by DCs. Therefore, gp96-peptide complex derived from the tumor cells potentially represents an immunization therapy for the elimination of residual leukemia cells. Key words: Leukemia, heat shock protein gp96, dendritic cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
40–70 day meridional propagation of global circulation anomalies

This paper reports a diagnostic study of circulation anomalies in a semi‐Lagrangian θ‐PVLAT coordinate by following contours of the daily potential vorticity (PV) field on isentropic (θ) surfaces using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis II data set from 1979 to 2003. The leading EOF mode, which explains about 69% of the total variance of daily Northern Hemisphere PV anomalies in the θ‐PVLAT coordinate and is highly correlated with the stratosphere Northern Annular Mode (NAM) index, is used to construct a composite life cycle of the NAM variability. Composite circulation anomalies of both signs propagate poleward in the stratosphere and equatorward in the troposphere with an average time of about 44 days for warm anomalies and 72 days for cold anomalies to travel from the equator to the pole. Accompanying the meridional propagation, there exist a simultaneous downward propagation of stratospheric circulation anomalies in both the tropics and extratropics. A global mass circulation paradigm is proposed to explain the simultaneous meridional and vertical propagation of global circulation anomalies that appears responsible for the annular mode variability.
Modelling of as-fabricated porosity in UO2 fuel by MFPR code

For consistent modelling of behaviour of as-fabricated porosity in UO2 fuel irradiated under various conditions of in-pile and out-of-pile tests as well as under normal and abnormal conditions of nuclear reactor operation, the additional analysis of experimental observations and critical assessment of available models are presented. On this base, the mechanistic MFPR code, including physically-grounded models for the fuel porosity evolution in UO2 fuel under various irradiation and thermal regimes, is refined. These modifications complete the consistent description of the fuel porosity evolution in the MFPR code and result in a notable improvement of the code predictions.
Flight Activity and Mating Behavior of Irradiated Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Males and Their F1 Progeny for Use of Inherited Sterility in Pest Management Approaches

Abstract The dose of radiation applied to the Oriental leafworm (also known as the common cutworm), Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for use in inherited sterility (IS) sterility programs must not materially reduce the quality and competitiveness of the released males. To assess the quality of sub-sterilized male moths and their F1 progeny, their flight and mating behaviors were investigated. Thus, parental (P) generation S. litura males that had been irradiated with either 100 or 130 Gy and their F1 male descendants were subjected to flight assay tests to assess flight ability, orientation towards a pheromone source and mating behavior, i.e., mating performance using various sex ratios, sequential matings, and effect of female age. The orientation behavior of either P or F1 males towards pheromone-baited traps was not different from that of non-irradiated males. Mating abilities of irradiated P generation males and their F1 male progeny with non-irradiated females were studied using several sex ratios, but large differences were not found even when the sex ratio was increased from 1:1 to 5:1. A study on sperm use patterns revealed the precedence of sperm of the last male to mate, for example, when a non-irradiated female was sequentially mated with a non-irradiated P male, followed by an irradiated P male and finally by an F1 male, as well as in all other possible sequences of such males. Mating success, remating propensity and fertility were significantly influenced by mating sequences that included irradiated males. Further, the age of the female at the first mating influenced fertility in matings with F1 males, and mating success and remating propensity were reduced in several of sequences of matings involving non-irradiated and irradiated males and F1 males, with reductions being more apparent when females were aged 5–6 d. The present study indicates that gamma doses of either 100 or 130 Gy are suitable for the suppression of S. litura using an IS approach.
A revised interpretation of the wing base structure in Odonata

Abstract Homology of the wing base structure in the Odonata is highly controversial, and many different interpretations of homology have been proposed. In extreme cases, two independent origins of insect wings have been suggested, based on comparative morphology between the odonate and other pterygote wing bases. Difficulties in establishing homology of the wing base structures between Odonata and other Pterygota result mainly from their extreme differences in morphology and function. In the present paper, we establish homology of the wing base structures between Neoptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata using highly conservative and unambiguously identifiable characters (the basal wing hinge and subcostal veins) as principal landmarks. Homology of the odonate wing base structure with those of Ephemeroptera and Neoptera can be identified reliably. Based on this interpretation, the ancestral condition of the insect wing base structure is discussed.
Quiet sun magnetic field diagnostics with a Mn line

Context. The Mn line at 553 nm shows strong spectral features in both intensity and polarization profiles due to the hyperfine structure of the atom. These features, their presence or absence, are known to be dependent on the magnetic regime to which the Mn atom is subject. Aims. Our objective is to disentangle strong kilo-Gauss (kG) fields from relatively weak hecto-Gauss (hG) fields in the quiet sun, and compute relative filling factors on the resolution element. Methods. We observed the 553 nm Mn line in a quiet sun area with the Advanced Stokes Polarimeter, and we introduce an in-line ratio between different spectral features. Filling factors can be retrieved from the measurement of this ratio and the total longitudinal flux. Results. In the photospheric network the kG dominate the magnetic flux, although out of the higher concentration areas the hG fields dominate in surface coverage. For the internetwork (granules and lanes confounded) the hG are dominant both in surface and total flux.
Selective Function of PKC-θ in T cells

T 房间激活是在仅仅通过这个过程后来开始适应有免疫力的反应的一个批评过程特定的 T 房间区分进调停的武装受动器 T 房间的 na (i) ve 抗原实际有免疫力的 response.During T 房间激活， na (i) ve T 房间经历同种细胞的扩大并且获得能力杀死感染病原体的目标房间或生产为调整有免疫力的反应必要的 cytokines 。 T 房间的不恰当的激活或 inactivation 导致 autoimmunity 或严重免疫不全。 PKC- 有选择地在 T 房间被表示并且为调停要求了 T 房间激活过程。 在 PKC- 缺乏的老鼠在 T 房间激活，幸存和 activation-inducedcell 死亡展出缺点。 PKC- 有选择地 translocates 到免疫学的触处并且调停为为 T 房间 activation.Furthermore 是必要的 NF-B， AP1 和 NFAT 的激活要求的信号， PKC --/- 鼠标在 vivo 在 T 调停房间的有免疫力的回答的开发显示了多重缺点。 PKC- 因此是在 vivo 在 T 调停房间的有免疫力的回答在多重阶段调整 T 房间功能的一个批评分子。 细胞与分子的免疫学。 2006； 3 (4 ): 263-270。
Mixing as a Source of Variability in Ga-Kenkey

Aflata mixing process is one of the most tedious unit operations in the traditional Ga- kenkey production process, because it is typically done manually. As a result, there are variations in kenkey produced even by the same processor. Consequently it is difficult to produce kenkey with consistent quality on a large scale to meet the demands of consumers. The objective of this research was to assess the effect of aflata mixing processes as causes of variability in Ga- kenkey . Laboratory experiments were done by varying aflata mixing ratio, and mixing time to assess the effects of these parameters on physical characteristics and consumer acceptability of Ga- kenkey . The study identified aflata mixing as causes of variability in Ga- kenkey . The indices of variability include texture, aflata mixing ratio, and mixing time (extent of mixing). These indices affect the physical characteristics, consumer perception and acceptability of the final product. This finding would help Ga- kenkey processors to produce consistent product. Keywords: aflata , Ga-kenkey, texture, mixing