Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
nteractions between climate change and sugarcane management systems for mproving water quality leaving farms in the Mackay Whitsunday region

Nitrogen (N) lost from cropping is one of the major threats to the health of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in northern Australia, and there are government initiatives to change farming practices and reduce N losses from farms. Sugarcane is the dominant crop in most catchments draining into the GBR lagoon, especially those of the Mackay Whitsunday region (8400 km2) where sugarcane represents > 99% of cropping in the catchments, and is grown with large applications of N fertiliser. As farmers and farming systems adapt to a future requiring lower environmental impact, the question arises whether climate change may influence the effectiveness of these changes, an issue rarely considered in past water quality studies. To address this question we used the APSIM farming-systems model to investigate the complex interactions between a factorial of five proposed sugarcane management systems, three soil types, three sub-regional climatic locations and four climate change projections (weak, moderate and strong, with historical climate as a ‘control’). These projections, developed from general circulation models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios, estimated that median annual rainfall would be reduced by up to 19%, and maximum and minimum temperatures increased by up to 0.5 ◦C and 0.6 ◦C, respectively. Management practices, such as tillage, fallow management and N inputs, were grouped into five systems according to the perceived benefits to water quality. For example; management System A grouped together zero tillage, soybean rotation crops, reduced N inputs and controlled traffic practices. While at the other end of the scale, System E included many severe tillage operations, bare fallows, high N inputs and conventional row spacing; practices that are still used in some areas. Importantly, this study parameterised controlled traffic systems, which is considered an important component of ‘best’ management in the GBR catchment, but for which water quality benefits have yet to be widely quantified. The study predicted that the improvement in farm management needed to meet water quality improvement goals will not be greatly affected by climate change. However, without any interventions, the frequency of years with very high N losses, and hence extreme ecological risk, was predicted to increase by up to 10–15%. Compared with traditional practices, improved management systems were predicted to reduce N losses by up to 66% during these years. The results support continued adoption of improved management systems to achieve proposed water quality targets in both the current and a range of potential future climates. However, there are important uncertainties about the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on plant char assimilation rates and the
Comparative study of mud crab (Scylla serrata) fattening practices between two different systems in Bangladesh

A study was conducted to compare the survival, production and economics of mud crab fattening in cage with fattening in encircled earthen brackishwater pond. Thirty cages of 1m (L) × 1m (W) × 0.3m (H) partitioned into 16 compartments (each 25 × 25 × 30 cm) were set in a 40 m 2 pond and another pond with same area was encircled with bamboo fence. Mud crab fattening in cage and in encircled earthen area were considered as Treatment-1 and Treatment-2, respectively with three replications each to compare the fattening system. Single adult non-gravid female crab (204.42 ± 2.58g) was stocked into each compartment of the cages and 80 crabs (204.42± 2.58g) were also stocked into earthen pond @ 2 indiv. / m 2 . The crabs were fed with chopped tilapia @ 8% of body weight twice daily. Survival rate of crab was found 93.75 ± 6.25% and 86.12 ± 2.16% respectively in cages and encircled earthen area. Significantly (P<0.05) higher total production of crab from cages (3.30±0.08 kg/m 2 ) was recorded than the encircled earthen area (0.37±0.01 kg/m 2 ). Comparative benefit-cost analysis showed that bamboo cage fattening attained higher net profit (Tk 91,630.00) than crab fattening in encircled earthen area (Tk 9,345.00) from 12 crops (12-16 days per crop) fattening period. The present study revealed that mud crab fattening using bamboo cage might be better than encircled earthen area with fencing in Bangladesh. Keywords: Mud crab; Fattening; Bamboo cage; Encircled earthen pond; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1. 4978 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 151-156, 2009
Spirituality and the Development of Positive Character Among Filipino Adolescents

This study delved into the views, perceptions. and experiences ofspirituality of Filipino adolescents to describe their conceptions of spirituality and spiritual development. Results from qualitative analysis offour focused group discussions revealed that Filipino adolescents define spirituality in terms offaith, personal relationship with God, and positive character, and describe spiritual persons as having faith in God. morality. positive personal qualities, a positive sense of self, spiritual connectedness, transcendent and relational sources of happiness. an ability to solve problems. and a sense of well-being. Themes of adolescents' spiritual development involved influences of socialization agents. religious roles in a religious community, challenging personal experiences. and blocks to spirituality. Adolescents' own spiritual experiences had themes of spiritual transformation, spiritual coping, and altruism. Findings were discussed in relation to the development ofpositive character and overall positive youth development.
Triple wavelength pumped silica-fibre Raman amplifiers with 114 nm bandwidth

MASSICOTT, J.F , WYATT, R. , and AINSLIE, B.J.: ‘Low noise operation of Er3+ doped silica fibre amplifier around 1.6p’ , Electron. Lett. , 1992, 28, (20), pp. 1924-1925 AISAWA, s. , SAKAMOTO, T. , FUKUI, M. , KANI, J., JINNO, M. , and OGUCHI, K. : ‘Ultra-wideband, long distance WDM demonstration of 1TbiVs (5Ox20Gbit/s), 600km transmission using 1550 and 1580nm wavelength bands’, Electron. Left . , 1998, 34, (ll), pp.
bandages : a randomised controlled trial Maggots as a wound debridement agent for chronic venous leg ulcers under graduated compression

Objectives: Slough in chronic venous leg ulcers may be associated with delayed healing. The purpose of this study was to assess larval debridement in chronic venous leg ulcers and to assess subsequent effect on healing. Methods: All patients with chronic leg ulcers presenting to the leg ulcer service were evaluated for the study. Exclusion criteria were: ankle brachial pressure indices <0.85 or >1.25, no venous reflux on duplex and <20% of ulcer surface covered with slough. Participants were randomly allocated to either 4-layer compression bandaging alone or 4-layer compression bandagingþ larvae. Surface areas of ulcer and slough were assessed on day 4; 4-layer compression bandaging was then continued and ulcer size was measured every 2 weeks for up to 12 weeks. Results: A total of 601 patients with chronic leg ulcers were screened between November 2008 and July 2012. Of these, 20 were randomised to 4-layer compression bandaging and 20 to 4-layer compression bandagingþ larvae. Median (range) ulcer size was 10.8 (3–21.3) cm and 8.1 (4.3–13.5) cm in the 4-layer compression bandaging and 4-layer compression bandagingþ larvae groups, respectively (Mann–Whitney U test, P1⁄4 0.184). On day 4, median reduction in slough area was 3.7 cm in the 4-layer compression bandaging group (P< 0.05) and 4.2 cm (P< 0.001) in the 4-layer compression bandagingþ larvae group. Median percentage area reduction of slough was 50% in the 4-layer compression bandaging group and 84% in the 4-layer compression bandagingþ larvae group (Mann–Whitney U test, P< 0.05). The 12-week healing rate was 73% and 68% in the 4-layer compression bandaging and 4-layer compression bandagingþ larvae groups, respectively (Kaplan–Meier analysis, P1⁄4 0.664). Conclusions: Larval debridement therapy improves wound debridement in chronic venous leg ulcers treated with multilayer compression bandages. However, no subsequent improvement in ulcer healing was demonstrated.
Evidence of ENSO mega‐drought triggered collapse of prehistory Aboriginal society in northwest Australia

The Kimberley region of northwest Australia contains one of the World's largest collections of rock art characterised by two distinct art forms; the fine featured anthropomorphic figures of the Gwion Gwion or Bradshaw paintings, and broad stroke Wandjina figures. Luminescence dating of mud wasp nests overlying Gwion Gwion paintings has confirmed an age of at least 17,000 yrs B.P. with the most recent dates for these paintings from around the mid‐Holocene (5000 to 7000 yrs B.P.). Radiocarbon dating indicates that the Wandjina rock art then emerged around 3800 to 4000 yrs B.P. following a hiatus of at least 1200 yrs. Here we show that a mid‐Holocene ENSO forced collapse of the Australian summer monsoon and ensuing mega‐drought spanning approximately 1500 yrs was the likely catalyst of this change in rock art. The severity of the drought we believe was enhanced through positive feedbacks triggered by change in land surface condition and increased aerosol loading of the atmosphere leading to a weakening or failure of monsoon rains. This confirms that pre‐historic aboriginal cultures experienced catastrophic upheaval due to rapid natural climate variability and that current abundant seasonal water supplies may fail again if significant change in ENSO occurs.
Toward a Quantitative Comparison of Magnetic Field Extrapolations and Observed Coronal Loops

It is widely believed that loops observed in the solar atmosphere trace out magnetic field lines. However, the degree to which magnetic field extrapolations yield field lines that actually do follow loops has yet to be studied systematically. In this paper, we apply three different extrapolation techniques—a simple potential model, a nonlinear force-free (NLFF) model based on photospheric vector data, and an NLFF model based on forward fitting magnetic sources with vertical currents—to 15 active regions that span a wide range of magnetic conditions. We use a distance metric to assess how well each of these models is able to match field lines to the 12202 loops traced in coronal images. These distances are typically 1″–2″. We also compute the misalignment angle between each traced loop and the local magnetic field vector, and find values of 5°–12°. We find that the NLFF models generally outperform the potential extrapolation on these metrics, although the differences between the different extrapolations are relatively small. The methodology that we employ for this study suggests a number of ways that both the extrapolations and loop identification can be improved.
Phytochemical and antibacterial investigations of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract on selected bacterial pathogens

This study aimed at evaluating the health benefits of popular Moringa oleifera leaf. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the leaf at two different concentrations (1:1 and 1:2) was used to determine the phytochemical screening and its antibacterial activity. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphlococcus aureus were used in this study, applying agar diffusion methods. The phytochemical screening indicated presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, flavonoids, anthraquinoines, tannins and phenol in both extracts making it to have antibacterial potentials. Both extract showed remarkable activity against the growth of the selected bacteria; nevertheless, the methanol extract had more antibacterial activity than the water extract, more so the extracts were discovered to be more active at higher concentration. The water extract was not active at low concentration, that is 1:1 but had diameter zone of inhibition of 10 mm each for 1:2 concentration. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) that inhibits these bacterial ranged between 1:4 and 1:16 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) that kills the growth of the bacterial isolates completely was 1:16. The result of this study showed that M. oleifera could be a valuable antibacterial drug in the treatment of infections caused by the test organisms. Key words: Agar diffusion method, aqueous and methanol extracts, secondary metabolites, zone of inhibition, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Capsaicin on Drying of Blanching-Brine-Calcium Pretreatment Red Chili Pepper

Post-harvest red chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) has highly capsaicin as bioactive compound and moisture content. However, capsaicin is the responsible bioactive compound in chili for hot sensation that easy to degrade by partial oxidation caused introduction of heat in drying process. The objective of this research was to investigate kinetics of capsaicin degradation in the drying process under blanching-brine-calcium pretreatment and various temperatures. For this purposes, chili provided local farmer was pretreated using blanching-brine-calcium pretreatment. Afterward, they were dried at 40, 50, 60, and 70 oC for 8 hours. Degradation of capsaicin content was observed every 2 hours using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Results showed kinetics of capsaicin degradation was categorized as second order reaction. At the same temperature and time, capsaicin retention of blanching-brinecalcium pretreated chili has highest value. The temperature dependence of the capsaicin degradation rate was analyzed using Arrhenius correlation. The activation energy for degradation rate of capsaicin during drying was around 45.10367 kJ/mol.K. It indicated the degradation rate increased as well as increased the temperature at the same time. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
Burst of high‐temperature seawater injection throughout accreting oceanic crust: a case study in Oman ophiolite

Following the discovery of a high temperature (HT) (∼800 °C) and a very high temperature (1000 °C) hydrothermal alteration in the crust of the Oman ophiolite, a systematic structural and petrological study was conducted throughout the entire ophiolite, with supporting isotopic geochemistry. The published results showed that the crustal gabbros are extensively altered down to Moho by a large seawater flux, which was channelled through an identified recharge and discharge circuit. Microcracks, constituting the recharge system, propagated through the hot gabbros, accreting at the ridge and, in spite of their submillimetre width, provided the conduit for the large volume of seawater necessary for the observed alteration. Building on these results, we show here that these microcracks opened and were active over a time of a few tens of thousands years, while the newly accreted gabbros were drifting away from the ridge. Microcrack activity was highly episodic, with bursts of seawater ingression lasting a few days to a few weeks, followed by quiescence periods of a few tens of years. This model of HT, oceanic hydrothermal alteration has several implications concerning fast spreading oceanic ridges.
Breastfeeding skills in Arba Minch Zuria: The positioning and attachment initiatives

Proper child positioning and attachment initiates the production of optimal amounts of breast milk and contribute to the comfort of a child during suckling. Poor breastfeeding practices like early cessation and poor breastfeeding skills, introduction of unclean artificial feeding have been widely documented in the world. This cross-sectional community based study was carried out between October 7 and 25, 2013 in Arba Minch Zuria. Structured questionnaires and observational-checklist were used to collect data. The missing values and outliers, data, were checked and entered in double. Multivariable logistic regression was done to identify the predictors of poor and good positioning and attachment to breast. More than one-fifth of 384 (20.1%) infants was poorly positioned and attached to breast. Poor attachment of children to the breast were negatively associated with infant’s age below 6 (AOR=0.03 (0.01, 0.11)), attending breast feeding education (AOR=0.42(0.19, 0.93)) and positively associated with having an uneducated husband (AOR=0.07(0.01, 0.51)). Poor child positioning were also negatively associated with infant’s age below 6 (AOR=0.03(0.01, 0.10)), lack of information on breastfeeding (AOR=0.42(0.19, 0.94)), and early introduction of additional food (AOR=0.44(0.20, 0.97). Overall, in more than one-fifth of mothers (20.1%), the breastfeeding attachment and positioning were found to be lower than the national and global recommendations. It is highly related to infant’s age, paternal educational and an exposure to breastfeeding education. Thus, continuous community based nutritional health education were needed to promote optimal breastfeeding skills using health workers, religious leader and local community resource people as key actors. Key words: Positioning, attachment, breastfeeding, Arba Minch.
Effect of fungicides, in vitro, on germination and growth of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora.

In vitro studies were conducted into the activity of 22 fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, the cause of Petri disease(1). Mycelial growth of the pathogen was inhibited by the DMI fungicides, cyproconazole, bitertanol, tebuconazole, fenarimol, myclobutanil and prochloraz, which gave EC50 values of less than 0.2 mg l-1; by the benzimidazole fungicides, benomyl, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl, which gave EC50 values of less than 0.4 mg l-1; by the anilopyrimidines, pyrimethanil and cyprodinil/fludioxonil, which gave EC50 values of less than 0.02 mg l-1. The same fungicides had different effects on germination of conidia. All the DMI fungicides tested were relatively ineffective with EC50 values greater than 15 mg l-1 for germination. Of the benzimidazoles, only benomyl was relatively effective at reducing germination, with an EC50 value of 0.09 mg l-1, whereas the anilopyrimidines, alone or combined with phenylpyrrole, were effective with EC50 values of less than 0.1 mg l-1. Kresoxim-methyl, which is locally systemic, was effective at inhibiting mycelial growth and germination with EC50 values of 0.086 and 0.11 mg l-1 respectively. Of the contact fungicides tested, most were effective at reducing germination of P. chlamydospora conidia, since their EC50 values were much lower than the recommended field rates, but these fungicides were also much less effective at reducing mycelial growth, for which their EC50 values were up to 400 times greater. The disinfectant, hydroxyquinolene sulphate was highly effective at reducing germination but less effective against mycelial growth, with EC50 values of 0.002 and 8.5 mg l-1 respectively. The potential role of these fungicides for disease management in the nursery and vineyard is discussed.
Viscoelastic stress modeling in cementitious materials using constant viscoelastic hydration modulus

Viscoelastic stress modeling in ageing cementitious materials is of major importance in high performance concrete of low water cement ratio (e.g. w/c ~0.35) where crack resistance due to deformation restraint needs to be determined. Total stress analysis is complicated by the occurrence of internal stresses due to shrinkage, which requires estimating the stress relaxation effect from tensile creep. This study presents a new and direct methodology for viscoelastic stress analysis based on measurement of the viscoelastic hydration modulus. Autogenous shrinkage, if restrained, creates an internal tensile stress condition which is uniform within a cross section. Autogenous shrinkage stresses develop within the porous hydration products. They are compressive stresses and if restrained by reinforcement a net tensile stress develops. Results show that the viscoelastic hydration modulus is approximately 8000-9000 MPa and is a constant material property. Total stress analysis can now be separated into two components, an elastic stress based on the Young’s modulus (typically in the range of 28000-34000 MPa) and a viscoelastic (time-dependent) stress based on measurement of timedependent strains (creep and shrinkage). The importance of reducing paste content for shrinkage stress control is demonstrated using the Pickett’s model.
Stress Perceptions of Working Adult Pakistanis and Americans

Workplace stress can impact personal stress and these are of concern for all adults in every economy. This practical paper compares the perceptions of 231 working adults in Pakistan with 288 Americans. While a moderate level of stress was found among these respondents and in the U.S., higher stress levels were discovered among Pakistanis. While older respondents and males did have higher stress scores, no statistically significant differences were linked to age or gender. However, statistically significant differences were found between those who had for government and those who did not work in the public sector. Pakistani respondents without a college degree had higher stress scores than those with higher degree. Suggestions and recommendation for stress reduction and stress management are provided.
Developing Information Technology Policies for Enterprise Resource Planning to Improve Customer Orientation and Service

Summary Sustainability is critical challenge faced by enterprises nowadays. The objective of enterprises is to ensure that the short and longterm plans are engaged with the sustainability dimensions of technology, social, environmental and economics. Since Information Technology (IT) can be considered as a catalyst to the sustainability of enterprises, in this paper we concern with IT-related enterprise objectives or business goals; i.e. improve customer orientation and service, which is Business Goal number 4 (BG4) within Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT). Furthermore, the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is considered as an important IT application and is commonly implemented in an enterprise; however, in many cases the ERP practices were not successful and their failure factors were not published. In this regard, we propose ten IT policies for ERP practices, which are developed based on ten IT Processes within two IT Goals (ITG), i.e. ensure satisfaction of end users with service offerings and service levels (ITG3) and make sure that IT services are available as required (ITG23). These IT Goals are aligned with BG4. The IT policy objectives are designed to support ITG3 and ITG23 in achieving BG4. Then, ten IT Policies for ERP practices are developed based on the IT policy objectives for the related IT Processes. In this paper, we elaborate more detail the IT policy for ERP practices related to IT Process Delivery and Support 7 (DS7); i.e. educate and train users. The IT policy for ERP practices related to DS7 is also equipped with the management directions. Then, the procedures are developed based on the IT policy objectives and management directions; whereas the contents of the procedures are composed according to the existing Enterprise Maturity Level (EML) of the corresponding IT Process. The IT policy for DS7 is provided with three procedures and the related activities. Hence, the IT policies for ERP practices, which were supported by the procedures, could suitably facilitate the success of an ERP system during planning, implementation and delivery of services in the enterprise. Furthermore, the IT policies for ERP practices ensured the ERP could improve customer orientation and service.