Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPECIATION STUDY OF COPPER , LEAD , CHROMIUM , CADMIUM AND NICKEL IN WATERS FROM FISH POND AND STREAM OF OKE-OSUN FARM SETTLEMENT , OSOGBO , SOUTH WESTERN , NIGERIA

Speciation of copper, lead, chromium and nickel in waters from a fish pond and stream of a farm settlement in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria, was investigated. Wet digestion was used for the extraction of Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu and Ni prior to the determination of their concentrations by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Packed Amberlite XAD-A16 resin column was used for the pre-concentration and separation of the various species of metals in water samples. The total mean concentration of heavy metals in the pond and stream were: Cu, 0.317 ± 0.005 and 0.218 ± 0.031; Pb, 0.026 ± 0.001 and 0.032 ± 0.009; Cr, 0.043 ± 0.002 and 0.050 ± 0.003; Cd, 0.004 ± 0.001 and 0.010 ± 0.005 and Ni 0.233 ± 0.001 and 0.233± 0.003 mg/L, respectively. Speciation analysis showed that the concentrations (mg/L) of all the metal species were in the order: Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd in both the fish pond and stream. There was a significant difference between the mean concentrations of metals in water samples from fish pond and stream (P ≤ 0.05) which strongly suggested that the metals might not have come from the same source. Cluster analysis of metals in the pond and stream samples revealed that the metals could have originated from agricultural runoff, activities on the surrounding farmlands, and vehicular emission, on one hand, and leaching from underlying bedrocks on the other hand.
Management of organic waste impacts on the environment : Utilization as fish feed

The paper examines the roles organic waste residues have played in the development of aquaculture in Nigeria. The increasing interest in the use of organic waste in fish culture is propelled by the desire to sustain the growth in aquaculture. One major problem limiting sustainable growth of the fisheries and particularly aquaculture industry in Nigeria is the limited availability of affordable quality feeds. The use of organic waste provide not only cheap alternative source of fish feed but also eliminates the problems associated with indiscriminate dumping of organic waste in the environment because of the associated air, water and soil pollution. Dried poultry manure can be used as substitute complementary fish meal to replace soybean meal in the diets of C. gariepinus advanced fry. Maggots and earthworms, which have high percentages of crude protein, can be cultured from organic waste in commercial quantities. Proper utilization of organic waste can therefore contribute significantly to enhancing fish production by reducing feed cost; protect the environment and contribute to the abatement of climate change by reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, these wastes constitute sources of pollutants and other toxic materials which may be detrimental to human health in terms of it’s potential as a medium for humans to contact diseases. Furthermore, organic wastes that are not properly treated and disposed, constitutes a high level of nuisance to the environment. Therefore, there is the need to develop appropriate or local technology for treatment of these wastes to eliminate problems associated with their utilization for gainful purposes to man and reduction of their adverse impacts to the environment.
How would you integrate the equations of motion in dissipative particle dynamics simulations ?

In this work we assess the quality and performance of several novel dissipative particle dynamics integration sche have not previously been tested independently. Based on a thorough comparison we identify the respective method and Shardlow as particularly promising candidates for future studies of large-scale properties of soft matter systems.  2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS:02.70Ns; 47.11. +j
The Effect of Lifting the Lids on Corneal Astigmatism

ABSTRACT Corneal toricity was measured using a kera‐tometer with the lids in the normal position, and with the lids retracted. Lid retraction usually changed the measured toricity. In corneas with more than 1.00 D of with‐the‐rule astigmatism, the change was in the direction of less with‐the‐rule astigmatism. In corneas with astigmatism between 1 D with‐the‐rule and 1 D against‐the‐rule, the change was not systematic. The results compare with the original experiment of Masci (1965), who also found that corneas with more with‐the‐rule toricity show a greater reduction in toricity when the lids are retracted. Clearly the pressure the lids exert on the eyeball is a major factor influencing astigmatism.
The effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental sciatic nerve damage

This study is designed to evaluate the treatment effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental rat sciatic nerve damage, and compare the results of this modality with autologous nerve grafting. In Spraque–Dawley albino rats, 10-mm-long experimental nerve gaps were created. Three groups were constituted, the gap was repaired with autologous nerve graft (autograft group), PHBHHx nerve graft alone (PHBHHx alone group), and PHBHHx nerve graft with hMSCs inside (PHBHHx with hMSC group), respectively. The results were evaluated with functional recovery, electrophysiological evaluation, and histological evaluation either with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for axonal regeneration and myelin formation. In functional evaluation, autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups showed functional improvement with time, whereas PHBHHx alone group did not. Electrophysiological evaluation showed better results in autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups when compared to PHBHHx alone group. There was no statistical difference between autograft and PHBHHx with hMSC groups. Histological evaluation showed regenerated axons in each group. Autograft group was better than the others, and PHBHHx with hMSC group was better than PHBHHx alone group both for axonal regeneration and myelin formation. This study showed that the nerve grafts which were prepared from PHBHHx with oriented nanofiber three-dimensional surfaces aided to nerve regeneration, either used alone or with hMSC. PHBHHx provided better nerve regeneration when used with hMSCs inside than alone, and reached the same statistical treatment effect in functional evaluation and electrophysiological evaluation when compared to autografting.
Agrarian Dynamics and Landscape in Rural Mountain Areas of Spain

The main objective of the research project that supports this paper has been to detect and diagnose the conditions in which the current process of renewal and socioeconomic innovation is experiencing in the Spanish mountain areas. We will also attempt to prepare proposals for valorisation of mountain landscapes, and to identify the areas of greatest transformation and the areas with sensitive potential impact. The ultimate aim has been to try to draw general conclusions from various case studies and to further research the singular features and characteristics of the selected areas. The aims that have guided the completion of this research were the following: 1) definition of the different forms of articulation and socioeconomic integration of mountain areas, 2) recognition and diagnosis of the new dynamics of socio-territorial structure, the processes of functional specialization and transformation of territorial models, and 3) the evaluation of policies, initiatives and programs in mountain areas and design of proposals to promote sustainable development and territorial cohesion.
QUANTIFYING DECREASES IN STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM DEEP TILLING , CHISEL PLOWING , AND COMPOST-AMENDMENT by

Development dramatically alters the hydrologic cycle by changing the relative percentage of precipitation that contributes to groundwater recharge, evapotranspiration, and runoff. As land is developed, infiltration tends to decrease and stormwater runoff increases in both rate and volume due to increases in impervious area, soil crusting, and soil compaction. One problem with trying to infiltrate runoff on the remaining permeable land after development is that the soil is often heavily compacted by construction activities, preventing acceptable rates of infiltration. Three practices were evaluated in a field study for their effectiveness in reducing excess runoff volume caused by soil compaction. Twelve plots were installed in the early summer of 2002 on a silty soil that had been compacted to simulate construction activities. The plot treatments each had three replications and included a control with no other practices performed, deep tilling only; chisel plowing and deep tilling; and compost-amendment, chisel plowing; and deep tilling. Runoff volume and the amount of natural precipitation were recorded throughout the growing season. Regardless of the size of the storm event, the chisel-plowed and deep-tilled treatment and the compost-amended, chisel-plowed, and deep-tilled treatment showed large reductions in runoff volume compared to the control. The chisel-plowed and deep-tilled treatment reduced the volume of runoff by 36 to 53 percent. When compost was added, the reduction in runoff volume increased substantially to 74 to 91 percent. The deep-tilled only treatment was shown to increase runoff in all situations other than the rainfall simulation. The increases in runoff volume ranged from 11to 64 percent. The chiselplowed and compost-amended plots also produced more vegetative biomass and visually remained healthier than the other plots during the hot dry summer.
Governing a State-wide Induction Program: Characteristics and Success Conditions of the Italian Model

Starting from the EC Handbook conditions issued in 2010 (Conditions for successful induction Programs) and from a critical and in-depth reading of the induction governance model in Italy and its quali-quantitative evaluation, this work will attempt to validate or enrich governance principles to be applied to similar implementation contexts. Starting from the governance conditions, recognized as fundamental to an effective induction programme, one of the goals of this work is to understand how the conditions of success have been implemented in the Italian training model and, above all, how they have been characterized with respect to the design of network governance.
Colony‐Stimulating Factor‐1 Stimulates the Fusion Process in Osteoclasts

Colony‐stimulating factor‐1 (CSF‐1), also called macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, is required for growth, differentiation, activation, and survival of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. This cytokine has been shown to be essential for osteoclast development as well as for inducing both proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast progenitors. It also sustains survival of mature osteoclasts and stimulates spreading and migration of these cells. In the present in vitro study, the formation of large tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells with a high number of nuclei was observed when osteoclasts isolated from rat long bones were incubated with CSF‐1. These large cells, cultured on plastic, bind calcitonin and form F‐actin along the edges of the cells. Fusion to such large TRAP‐positive multinucleated cells in the presence of CSF‐1 and the formation of pits were also observed on dentine slices. Quantitative data obtained from cultures on plastic demonstrated that the number of osteoclasts slightly increased in the course of 72 h in the presence of 250 pM CSF‐1, whereas it decreased rapidly after 24 h in the absence of CSF‐1, which confirms that this cytokine is required for the survival of osteoclasts. The number of nuclei per osteoclast was maximal after 16 h of incubation with CSF‐1, namely twice the value found in the absence of CSF‐1. The maximal effect of the cytokine on the fusion process was observed at a concentration of 250 pM. A calculation of the medians of the average frequency of nuclei distribution per osteoclast resulted in four nuclei per osteoclast in the absence and six in the presence of CSF‐1. Genistein and herbimycin A, inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, inhibited the fusion induced by CSF‐1. The data suggest that CSF‐1 induces osteoclast fusion and that tyrosine kinase(s) are involved in this process. The fusion process may continue throughout the entire life of an osteoclast.
INFLUENCE OF VOLUME CHANGE BEHAVIOR ON THE PREDICTION OF THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF UNSATURATED SOILS

The procedures available in the literature for predicting the shear strength of unsaturated soils do not take into account influence of the volume change behavior on the shear strength. In this paper, the influence of volume change on the shear strength behavior is studied using the Vanapalli et al. (1996) semi-empirical procedure for predicting the shear strength of an unsaturated soil and provide comparisons with the experimental results. A modified experimental procedure is suggested to simultaneously determine the shear strength, volume change and the soil-water characteristic curve behavior of unsaturated soils using a specially designed dual chamber triaxial shear test apparatus to better understand the limitations of the semi-empirical methods towards predicting the shear strength of unsaturated soils. The design details of the dual chamber triaxial shear test apparatus are presented in the paper. RÉSUMÉ: Les méthodes présentement disponibles pour la prédiction de la résistance de sols non-saturés ne tiennent pas compte de l'influence du changement de volume sur la résistance des sols. Dans cet article, l'influence du changement de volume est étudiée en utilisant l'approche semi-empirique de Vanapalli et al. (1996), pour prédire la résistance de d’un sol insaturé. Une approche expérimentale est proposée pour déterminer simultanément la résistance, le changement de volume et la courbe de rétention d'eau d'un sol insaturé en utilisant un appareil triaxial à double paroi spécialement conçu afin de mieux comprendre les limitations des méthodes semi-empiriques dans la prédiction de la résistance de sol non-saturés. Les détails de l'appareil et de l'approche expérimentale à être utilisés sont également présentés.
Human Hepatocyte Metabolism of Novel Synthetic Cannabinoids MN-18 and Its 5-Fluoro Analog 5F-MN-18.

BACKGROUND In 2014, 2 novel synthetic cannabinoids, MN-18 and its 5-fluoro analog, 5F-MN-18, were first identified in an ongoing survey of novel psychoactive substances in Japan. In vitro pharmacological assays revealed that MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 displayed high binding affinities to human CB1 and CB2 receptors, with Ki being 1.65-3.86 nmol/L. MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 were scheduled in Japan and some other countries in 2014. Despite increasing prevalence, no human metabolism data are currently available, making it challenging for forensic laboratories to confirm intake of MN-18 or 5F-MN-18. METHODS We incubated 10 μmol/L of MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 in human hepatocytes for 3 h and analyzed the samples on a TripleTOF 5600+ high-resolution mass spectrometer to identify appropriate marker metabolites. Data were acquired via full scan and information-dependent acquisition-triggered product ion scans with mass defect filter. RESULTS In total, 13 MN-18 metabolites were detected, with the top 3 abundant metabolites being 1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid, pentyl-carbonylated MN-18, and naphthalene-hydroxylated MN-18. For 5F-MN-18, 20 metabolites were observed, with the top 3 abundant metabolites being 5'-OH-MN-18, MN-18 pentanoic acid, and 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid. CONCLUSIONS We have characterized MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 metabolism with human hepatocytes and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and we recommend characteristic major metabolites for clinical and forensic laboratories to identify MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 intake and link observed adverse events to these novel synthetic cannabinoids.
Growth standards for the tibia and radius in children aged one month through eighteen years.

Standards for the growth of the tibia and the radius are presented for normal males and females ages one month through 18 years. Using radiographs of subjects from the Fels Research Institute for the Study of Human Development longitudinal program, means and standard deviations for bone length, interval increments and annual increments were determined. Males and females show little difference in growth of the tibia until adolescence while statistically significant differences are found at nearly all ages in the radius. The adolescent growth spurt occurs in the male from 12–15 years and in the female from 9–12 years.
Efficacy of a new formulation of amphotericin B in a murine model of disseminated infection by Candida glabrata.

OBJECTIVES Amphotericin B poly-aggregates are a new formulation of amphotericin B, which can be obtained cheaply. In this study, we tested the efficacy of this new formulation for treating a disseminated infection by Candida glabrata in a murine model. METHODS Mice were rendered neutropenic by intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide and intravenous 5-fluorouracil administration and infected intravenously with 2 x 10(8) cfu of C. glabrata. The efficacy of the new formulation of amphotericin B was evaluated by survival and tissue burden studies. The experiments were repeated using three different clinical strains of C. glabrata. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Amphotericin B poly-aggregates showed an efficacy similar to that of amphotericin B deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of a disseminated murine infection by C. glabrata.
ORGANIC TOMATO ( Solanum lycopersicum L . ) PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT MULCHES IN GREENHOUSE

Mulching is an important application in greenhouse production. It controls soil moisture, improves soil structure and helps against weeds and diseases. The aim of this study was conducted to determine the effects of different inorganic (B: black, SG: silver gray, R: red and GC: ground cover PE) and organic (S: straw) mulches on earliness, yield and some quality parameters of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum, L. cv. Sumela F1) grown under greenhouse conditions in Black Sea Region of Turkey during 2009-2010. In this study, leaf stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rates, yield, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), fruit firmness, vitamin C and phenological traits were examined. The highest chlorophyll content (43.9 CCI) and firmness (24.5 N) was obtained from silver gray mulch treatments. PE mulch treatments had higher yields (6256.32 kg da-1) than organic mulch and control treatment (C). On the other hand, while the highest soluble solids content (5.4 %) and vitamin C (40.7 mg 100 g-1) contents were obtained from the control treatment, the highest titratable acidity (0.44 %) was obtained from red PE mulch treatment. Significant differences were not observed between the leaf stomal conductance (128.68 mmol m-2s-1) and photosynthesis rates (84.1 μmol O2 m-2s-1) of mulch treatments and control treatment. It was concluded that mulch treatments had significant effects on yield and quality of tomatoes (P≤0.05).
BIOLOGYICAL IMMUNE STIMULANTS EFFECTS ON IMMUNE RESPONSE , BEHAVIOURAL AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different biological immune stimulants; humic acid, β glucan and humic acid, β glucan mixture; on physiology, performance, Behaviour, and immune response to NDV and IB. A total of 540 broiler cobb chicks, were used in this study, housed in experimental unit at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, with stocking density 10/ m 2 , using 12 pens, 45 chicks for each . Feed and water were provided ad libitum via trough feeders and bell drinker. Birds were divided into four equal groups. T1, T2, T3, and T4; each of them 135 chicks, three replicates, (45 each). T1 control group didn’t receive any supplement, T2 group receive humax® (consists of 200 mg humate /ml) in drinking water, T3 group took meduline® (consists of 100mg β glucan /ml), T4 receive blue Immune® (consists of 100 mg humate and 50 mg β glucan /ml); all given day after day 0.5 cm/liter drinking water. Data collected were, productive performance (final body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and European performance index, behavioral measurements; (feeding behaviour, drinking behaviour, leg and wing stretching, preening, leg scratch and resting behaviour), oxidative stress parameter and antibodies titer for NDV and IB was estimated. Results revealed significance different between different immune stimulant as humic acid either alone or in combination with β glucan recorded lower feed intake, lower feed conversion ratio, higher feeding percentage, higher drinking and welfare indices, in the same time immune responses toward NDV was the same in T2 and T4 while antibodies titer against IBV did not differed. Conclusively, it was obvious that with humic acid alone or plus β glucan has a positive effect on physiology, performance, behaviour and immune response of broiler.
Moderating Role of Job Satisfaction on the Relation between Leadearship Styles and Organizational Silence

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of transformational and conditional-rewarding leadership on the organizational silence perceptions of workers and the moderating role of satisfaction in this relation. Validity of the scales was proved with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) performed with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Relations between the variables mentioned were tested with hierarchic regression analyses and their moderating effects were researched according to data obtained. In the study, private hospitals active in the health sector in Isparta province were taken into consideration. Data was obtained from questionnaires filled out by 396 hospital employees and relations between the variables were analyzed based on the collected data. At the end of the study, it was determined that transformational and conditional-rewarding leadership has a diminishing role on the organizational silence perceptions of workers and that job satisfiction plays a moderating role in the relation between transformational and conditional-rewarding leadership and pro-social silence which one of the organizational silence dimensions.
Biomass CHP Plant Güssing – Using Gasification for Power Generation

The combined heat and power (CHP) plant has a fuel capacity of 8 MW and an electrical output of about 2 MWel with an electrical efficiency of about 25 %. Wood chips with a water content of 20 30 % are used as fuel for the FICFB (Fast Internal Circulating Fluidised Bed) gasification process, which is an innovative process to produce a high grade synthesis gas from solid fuels. The gasification zone is separated from the combustion zone using two fluidised bed reactors. The bed material circulates between these two zones to serve as a heat carrier for the gasification process. The necessary heat is obtained by burning remaining charcoal or additional fuel in the combustion zone. Steam is used as a gasification agent, to yield a nearly nitrogen free product gas with high calorific value of 12 MJ/Nm3 dry gas. The start up of the plant was in January 2002, until December 2002 the gasifier and the gas cleaning system reached 3000 hours of operation, together with the gas engine 1050 hours of operation could be reached.