Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploitation De La Poule Locale ( Gallus gallus ) En Zone De Foret Humide Du Cameroun

A study was carried out to characterize the production system of local fowls in the humid forest zone, which is not very known in this respect, in order to identify and propose solutions to constraints associated with their low productivity in rural areas. Thus, 96 households were sampled in 48 villages spread out within 16 Divisions of the Centre, South and East Provinces. Local fowls represented 69.4% of species raised and were mainly catered by women (57%). Some of the major reasons for keeping local chickens were listed as: adaptation to local environment (56%), availability of food (27%) and cultural traditions (15%). Reported constraints included epidemics (21%), slow growth (20%), predators (20%), lack of training for producers (18%) and low egg output (12%). Any improvement in the productivity of local chicken will focus on the training of farmers (53%) and supply of improved local chickens (46%) that maintain desired flavour and are able to utilize available local feed resources. Institutional support backed by appropriate research in this sector is needed to improving the livelihoods of rural women and would constitute a suitable tool for poverty alleviation. Une etude a ete menee afin de caracteriser le systeme de production des poules locales dans la zone forestiere humide, encore tres peu connue, pour cerner les axes d\'intervention relatifs aux problemes lies a leur faible productivite en milieu rural. Ainsi, 96 menages ont ete echantillonnes dans 48 villages repartis dans 16 departements des Provinces du Centre, du Sud et de l'Est. Les poules locales representent 69,4% des especes elevees sous la responsabilite des femmes (57%). Certaines des motivations avancees pour l'elevage des poules locales sont l\'adaptation au milieu (56%), l\'alimentation (27%) et les traditions culturelles (15%). Les contraintes relevees incluent les epidemies (21%), la croissance lente (20%), la predation (20%), l\'absence de formation des eleveurs (18%) et la ponte faible (12%). L\'augmentation de la productivite des poules locales passe par l'encadrement technique des eleveurs (53%) et la mise a leur disposition de sujets locaux ameliores (46%) qui garderaient leur saveur en valorisant les ressources alimentaires locales. Un appui institutionnel soutenu par une recherche appropriee dans ce secteur avicole est necessaire pour ameliorer les conditions de vie des femmes rurales et constituer une veritable arme contre la pauvrete. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa Vol. 54 (4) 2006: pp. 59-74
The corpus callosum in first episode schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Background: Neuropathological and imaging studies suggest that corpus callosum abnormalities (CC) are present in schizophrenia, but it remains to be determined whether these abnormalities are present at illness onset. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which is more sensitive than conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting subtle structural changes in the organisation and integrity of white matter tracts, is an ideal tool to investigate this question. Objective: To determine whether CC abnormalities are present at illness onset in schizophrenia. Methods: Twenty patients (14 men, six women) with first episode schizophrenia and 29 controls (11 men, 18 women) were studied. Both high resolution volumetric T1-weighted images and DTI were acquired. Regions of interest (ROI) were placed in the splenium and genu of the CC and fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusivity (D) measured. Results: No differences in FA or D were detected in these regions between patients and controls. In women, irrespective of group membership, FA was significantly lower and there was a trend for D to be higher than in men, indicating less barriers to diffusion in females. Conclusion: The negative findings of this study suggest that in the early stages of schizophrenia there is no disruption to the integrity of the CC and raise the possibility that the neuropathological abnormalities may appear later and be progressive, at least in some patients.
Attachment Stability From Infancy to Adulthood: Meta-Analysis and Dynamic Modeling of Developmental Mechanisms

A central tenet of attachment theory is that a person's attachment pattern in adulthood is a reflection of his or her attachment history—-beginning with the person's earliest attachment relationships. However, the precise way in which early representations might shape adult attachment patterns is ambiguous, and different perspectives on this issue have evolved in the literature. According to the prototype perspective, representations of early experiences are retained over time and continue to play an influential role in attachment behavior throughout the life course. In contrast, the revisionist perspective holds that early representations are subject to modification on the basis of new experiences and therefore may or may not reflect patterns of attachment later in life. In this article, I explore and test mathematical models of each of these theoretical processes on the basis of longitudinal data obtained from meta-analysis. Results indicate that attachment security is moderately stable across the first.
Experimental Final Hosts of Metagonimus Hakubaensis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) and Their Suitability to the Fluke

Seven laboratory mammal and bird species were orally inoculated with 200–1,000 encysted Metagonimus hakubaensis metacercariae that had been isolated from naturally infected lampreys (Lethenteron reissneri) captured in Aomori Prefecture. At 8 and 15 days post-infection, adult flukes were recovered from all of the laboratory animals tested, and therefore, hamster, rat, mouse, dog, cat, chicken and quail were considered as final hosts of M. hakubaensis. Recovery rates of the fluke were higher in dogs and hamsters than in cats, rats, mice, chickens and quails. The flukes recovered from dogs and hamsters showed increased body length and higher fecundity than those recovered from the other hosts. These results indicate that the suitability of dogs and hamsters for M. hakubaensis infection is higher than that of the other laboratory animals.
Integrator Backstepping using Barrier Functions for Systems with Multiple State Constraints

The problem of stabilization for a class of feedback linearizable systems with multiple state constraints is addressed. The design procedure is constructive, and yields a continuous final control law which guarantees that all specified states remain within certain bounds for all time. The achieved bounds on the states are independent of the initial conditions. The procedure entails shaping the control Lyapunov function, and propagating hard-bounds imposed on the pertinent stabilising functions and associated error signals through the steps of the backstepping control design framework.
The consequences of early institutionalization: can institutions be improved? - should they?

BACKGROUND AND SCOPE The focus of this review is on institutionalized children, one of the most inequitably and severely treated groups of children. Although institutions vary, many share some common characteristics, including large groups, high children: caregiver ratios, many and changing caregivers, and caregiver-child interactions that lack warm, sensitive, contingently-responsive, and child-directed behaviors. Resident children develop poorly physically, mentally, and social-emotionally, but those adopted from institutions display substantial catch-up growth in many domains of development. If they are adopted at an early age, there have been no long-term consequences of institutionalization yet measured; but if institutionalization is prolonged, they display higher rates of long-term deficiencies and problems in many domains. METHODS This review is based on a database search of the literature, focusing on the development of children while residents, and the development of post-institutionalized children who have been transitioned from institutions to family care. It also draws on the reports and findings of the St. Petersburg-USA Orphanage Intervention. FINDINGS A combination of theories pertaining to attachment (especially caregiver attachment to the infant/toddler), chronic stress, and genetics may explain these outcomes. It appears that caregiver-child interactions are a major contributor to children's outcomes, and interventions in institutions that improve such interactions produce substantial increases in children's physical, mental, and social-emotional development, including for children with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Deinstitutionalization and the creation of comprehensive professional child welfare systems emphasizing family care alternatives is a preferred goal, but this is likely to take many low-resource countries decades to develop. If substantial numbers of children remain in institutions despite best efforts to find families for them, improving the institutions might help to provide all the children with the best care possible under the circumstances.
The Relationship between Renal Function and Bone Marrow Density in Healthy Korean Women

Objectives The relationship between renal function and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. We evaluated the relationship between markers of renal function and BMD in healthy Korean women. Methods A total of 1,093 women who visited the health promotion center at Pusan National University hospital were included in the cross-sectional study. We divided the study population into two groups by BMD: osteopenia-osteoporosis and normal in the lumbar and femur regions, respectively. We compared the relationship between renal function and BMD using a logistic regression model and used SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) for all statistical analysis. Results Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and cystatin C (Cys-C) were correlated with BMD in both the normal and osteopenia-osteoporosis groups, and in logistic regression analysis, BUN and Cys-C were correlated with lumbar and femur BMD. However, after we adjusted for age, menopause, and body mass index, only creatinine showed a negative correlation with lumbar BMD, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was related positively with femur BMD. Conclusions Serum creatinine could be a marker for lumbar BMD and eGFR for femur BMD in Korean women without overt nephropathy.
Teratogenic Potential of Commonly Prescribed Psychotropic Drugs

Syed Moiz Ahmed1, Nidal Moukaddam2, Ameigh V. Worley3, Krupa R. Patel4, Asim Shah2, and Veronica Tucci5* 1Emergency and Accident Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan 2Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, USA 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University, USA 4Department of Pharmacy, Ben Taub General Hospital, USA 5Section of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
Adoption of E-Commerce in Manila

E-commerce connotes to the buying and selling of goods and services via Internet. Due to the number of netizens growing, improved access to broadband, rapid revolution and extensive use of smartphones, spread of social media, E-commerce has paved its way in the global markets. Several opportunities of E-commerce for countries as producers encompass access to new, untapped markets; while opportunities for users comprise of access to goods and services at lower prices, knowledge, technology and more competition. The recognition given to E-commerce all over the world is flourishing intensively despite of some concerns such as lack of trust in E-commerce. However, the study held concerning the acceptance of E-commerce has been inadequate. Therefore, the study aims to examine the factors that affect the adoption of E-commerce in Manila. The outcome of the research will be beneficial to the firms to concentrate on the determinants that will induce the acceptance of E-commerce in Manila. A survey was conducted among 200 E-commerce users from Manila and 170 responses (85%) were received. Ease of understanding, personalization, reliability and usability were adapted to capture the acceptance factors of E-commerce. Each question was measured by five-point Likert scale. The study used the factor analysis to test the items of adoption factors and intention to use E-commerce. It used the multiple regression analysis to test the relationship. The results of the study showed that determinants such as ease of understanding, personalization and reliability positively affected the intent to use E-commerce. Thus, supported the hypotheses developed from the model and prior studies. An understanding of the factors found in the study permits the firms to concentrate their resources and improve necessary strategies to motivate internet users to switch to E-commerce and to increase their market share in the future.
Evidence for Widespread Associations between Neotropical Hymenopteran Insects and Actinobacteria

The evolutionary success of hymenopteran insects has been associated with complex physiological and behavioral defense mechanisms against pathogens and parasites. Among these strategies are symbiotic associations between Hymenoptera and antibiotic-producing Actinobacteria, which provide protection to insect hosts. Herein, we examine associations between culturable Actinobacteria and 29 species of tropical hymenopteran insects that span five families, including Apidae (bees), Vespidae (wasps), and Formicidae (ants). In total, 197 Actinobacteria isolates were obtained from 22 of the 29 different insect species sampled. Through 16S rRNA gene sequences of 161 isolates, we show that 91% of the symbionts correspond to members of the genus Streptomyces with less common isolates belonging to Pseudonocardia and Amycolatopsis. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of filamentous bacteria with Streptomyces morphology in brood chambers of two different species of the eusocial wasps. Four fungal strains in the family Ophiocordycipitacea (Hypocreales) known to be specialized insect parasites were also isolated. Bioassay challenges between the Actinobacteria and their possible targeted pathogenic antagonist (both obtained from the same insect at the genus or species level) provide evidence that different Actinobacteria isolates produced antifungal activity, supporting the hypothesis of a defensive association between the insects and these microbe species. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and gyrB demonstrate the presence of five Streptomyces lineages associated with a broad range of insect species. Particularly our Clade I is of much interest as it is composed of one 16S rRNA phylotype repeatedly isolated from different insect groups in our sample. This phylotype corresponds to a previously described lineage of host-associated Streptomyces. These results suggest Streptomyces Clade I is a Hymenoptera host-associated lineage spanning several new insect taxa and ranging from the American temperate to the Neotropical region. Our work thus provides important insights into the widespread distribution of Actinobacteria and hymenopteran insects associations, while also pointing at novel resources that could be targeted for the discovery of active natural products with great potential in medical and biotechnological applications.
Analysis of the relationship between postoperative ophthalmic complications and dialysis time of pre-kidney transplantation.

AIM To determine the influence of the dialysis time before kidney transplantation on postoperative ophthalmic complications. METHODS One hundred and eighty three patients who were given the follow-up after kidney transplantation were selected, including 124 males and 59 females. The dialysis time before kidney transplantation was (2.9±2.1) years. Among them, there were 93 cases having cadaveric renal transplantation and 90 cases having living relative renal transplantation. The conditions of ophthalmic complications in all the patients after kidney transplantation were investigated and the incidence rate on ophthalmic complications having different dialysis time before kidney transplantation was given Chi-square test and Chi-square linear trend test. RESULTS Among 183 patients with kidney transplantation, 95 patients (51.9%) had at least one ophthalmic complication and the rest 88 patients (48.1%) had no significant abnormality at the eye region. The most common ophthalmic complications were pinguecula/conjunctival degeneration (31 cases), the following was caligo lentis (24 cases). The main manifestations were grayish white granule and plaque turbidity occurred in posterior capsule at the posterior pole of crystaline lens. The angulus iridocornealis of 5 patients (5.3%) with cataract and glaucoma were all open-angle through the detection by gonioscope. Through visual field examination, there were 2 patients with paracentral scotoma, 2 patients with arcuate scotoma and one case with nasal step. CONCLUSION The experiments verify that the incidence of glaucomawas relates to the dialysis time before kidney transplantation, and the incidence rate might be higher if the dialysis time is longer.
DGAT1 polymorphism in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle breeds

As a result of multiple QTL-mapping projects in recent years, a quantitative trait locus for milk fat percentage and milk yield has been described on BTA14. Recent reports name the acyl-CoA[ratio ]diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene on BTA14 as a potential candidate gene, with a nonconservative substitution of lysine by alanine (K232A) producing a major effect on milk composition and yield. DGAT1K appears to be the ancestral allele and the K232A substitution probably occurred after the divergence of the Bos indicus and Bos taurus lineages. These findings prompted us to genotype 1748 DNA samples of 38 different Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle breeds from 13 countries on five continents (Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and South America), to examine the occurrence of the DGAT1 polymorphism and characterize the K232A substitution in cattle breeds of different origins and selected for different purposes (e.g., beef, dairy and dual purpose). Calculating pairwise FST values for pooled subpopulations showed least divergence for Bos indicus breeds with high milk fat percentage. Fixation of DGAT1A was found in some Bos taurus breeds and fixation of DGAT1K in one Bos indicus breed. Breeds of no known organized breeding background from the Near East domestication centre of Bos taurus and taurine African N'Dama cattle were found to possess intermediate frequencies of DGAT1K. While beef breeds tended to harbour higher DGAT1A levels, dairy cattle showed everything from very low levels of DGAT1K to unexpectedly high frequencies of this allele.
Implementing a Community-Based Falls-Prevention Program: From Drawing Board to Reality*

ABSTRACT Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of falls-prevention programs designed for community-dwelling seniors using randomized designs. However, little is known about the feasibility of implementing these programs under natural conditions and about the success of these programs when delivered under such conditions. The objectives of this paper are to (a) describe a multifactorial falls-prevention program (called Stand Up! ) designed for independent community-dwelling seniors and (b) present the results of an analysis of the practicability of implementing this program in community-based settings. The program was implemented in the context of an effectiveness study in 10 community-based organizations in the Montreal metropolitan area. Data pertaining to the reach and delivery of the program as well as participation level show that a falls-prevention program addressing multiple risk factors can be successfully implemented in community-based settings. RÉSUMÉ Plusieurs études ont démontré, à l'aide de devis randomisés, l'efficacité de programmes de prévention des chutes destinés aux aînés vivant dans la communauté. Cependant, on connaît peu de choses quant à la faisabilité d'implanter ces programmes dans des conditions naturelles et quant à l'efficacité de ces programmes lorsqu'ils sont offerts dans de telles conditions. Les objectifs de cet article sont de: (a) décrire un programme multifactoriel de prévention des chutes (PIED) destiné à des aînés autonomes vivant dans la communauté et (b) présenter les résultats d'une analyse de la faisabilité d'une implantation du programme dans les organismes communautaires. Le programme a été implanté dans 10 organismes du milieu communautaire situés dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal dans le contexte d'une étude d'efficacité. Les résultats concernant la population recrutée et la façon dont le programme a été offert, ainsi que le niveau de participation au programme montrent qu'un programme de prévention des chutes visant plusieurs facteurs de risque peut être implanté avec succès dans des milieux communautaires.
The Rise Of Anthropological Theory

With the agreement of author and publisher, pre-publication copies of The Rise of Anthropological Theory (New York: Crowell, 1968) were sent for review to 25 scholars. Of these, the followingf responded in time for their reviews to be included here: Olga Akhmanova, Milton Altschuler, B. Bernardi, Jan Bouzek, K. 0. L. Burridge, Jorge Dias, Marshall Durbin, Alan Howard, Malcolm McFee, Donald S. Marshall, William R. Merrifield, Harry M. Raulet, Takao Sofue, John Tu Er-wei, L. F. Watson, and Walter S. Wilson. Printed below are the author's precis (which reviewers received along with the book), the reviews, and the author's replies.
Evidence-Based Surgery Chirurgie factuelle Users ’ guides to the surgical literature : how to use an article about a diagnostic test

practice, none is more arduous for you, the surgeon, than the process of refining your diagnostic skill. Typically, patients are initially evaluated by the time-honoured approaches of taking a history and performing a physical examination. Further information is often needed. Diagnostic tests are selected, performed and interpreted to best discriminate between patients who will likely benefit from surgical intervention and patients who will not. In this article on evidence-based surgery, we show how to locate the best evidence in the current literature on diagnostic tests and apply this evidence to your patient.
Intraoral Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: an Intermediate Vascular Tumor- A Case Report

Vascular neoplasms, other than benign are characterized as intermediate or malignant. They are often enshrouded in controversy, because the same neoplasm could show variability in biologic behavior that may not be correlated with microscopic features. The intermediate grade vascular neoplasm is named as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE). Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity has been infrequently reported. To the best of our knowledge, the review of the English literature revealed a total of 30 cases of intraoral EHE reported till today. We report such a rare case in a 20 year old male, presented with a growth in lower anterior lingual gingiva since five months before the diagnosis with a history of similar swelling, twice in the same area. The differential diagnosis and brief review of literature is also discussed in the current article.
Human actions recognition using bag of optical flow words

In this paper, we present an improved approach to recognize human action based on the BOW model and the pLSA model. We propose an improved feature with optical flow to build our bag of words. This feature is able to reduce the high dimension of the pure optical flow template and also has abundant motion information. Then, we use the topic model of pLSA (probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis) to classify human actions in a special way. We find that the existing methods lead to some mismatching of words due to the k-means clustering approach. To reduce the probability of mismatching, we add the spatial information to each word and improve the training and testing approach. Our approach of recognition is tested on two datasets, the KTH datasets and WEIZMANN datasets. The result shows its good performance.