Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An optimal model reduction method for closed-loop systems

An optimal model reduction method is presented for closed-loop systems. The procedure is an iterative one in that one endeavours to find the best reduced model of a given order so that the difference in the responses of the original closed-loop system and the closed-loop system with the reduced-order model is minimized. Optimal model reduction algorithms for a feedback system and a nonlinear feedback system are developed and examined. Illustrative examples are given to show the advantages of the optimal model reduction method for closed-loop systems presented. <<ETX>>
Using packet size distributions to identify real-time networked applications

Communication networks, including the Internet, support a wide range of packet-based applications. It is often necessary to know what applications are in use. Traditionally, applications were readily identified by inspection of data held in the packet header such as the destination port number. However, newer and real-time applications cannot always be detected by such a simple investigation and hence other techniques such as packet classification or deep packet analysis have been developed. Deep packet analysis however has significant problems such as its inability to operate on encrypted data packets, and its need to capture specific packets from the traffic stream. The paper considers an alternative approach to the detection of real-time applications. A search was made for a statistical fingerprint derivable from the observable traffic streams generated by such applications. This has been found to be the packet size distribution of the application, and the paper considers this statistic for a range of such applications and network conditions. A detector, based on the described approach, is presented and evaluated using real network traffic.
Sustainable and rapid production of biofuel γ-valerolactone from biomass-derived levulinate enabled by a fluoride-ionic liquid

ABSTRACT γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is a versatile biomass-derived molecule for both value-added chemicals and biofuels, which is typically prepared from levulinates over metal particles or oxides in the presence of hydrogen, formic acid or alcohol. Herein, we reported a rapid and mild approach for cascade hydrogenation-cyclization of ethyl levulinate (EL) to GVL in the presence of readily available ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium fluoride ([TBA]F) and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as catalyst and hydrogen source, respectively. After reacting at room temperature for 30 min, a high GVL yield of 85% with TOF value of 52 h−1 could be obtained over 3 mol% [TBA]F. In addition to optimizing reaction parameters, the catalytic mechanism was also elucidated for the one-pot sequential transformation of EL to GVL.
Galois groups associated to generic Drinfeld modules and a conjecture of Abhyankar

Let ϕ be a rank r Drinfeld Fq[T]-module determined by ϕT(X) = TX + g1X q + ··· +gr 1X q r 1 + X q r , where g1,. ,gr 1 are algebraically independent over Fq(T). Let N ∈ Fq[T] be a polynomial, and k/Fq an algebraic extension. We show that the Galois group of ϕN(X) over k(T,g1,.,gr 1) is isomorphic to GLr(Fq[T]/NFq[T]), settling a conjecture of Abhyankar.
An Enhancement of AODV with Multi-Radio in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network

AODV-MR (on-demand routing protocol with multi-radio extension) has been designed to support multi-radio interfaces; it uses more than one interface of the same mesh router or gateways for broadcasting duplicated control packets (i.e., RREQ, RRER, and HELLO message) or to rebroadcast it. We have modified AODV-MR, by allocating one interface in a dynamic manner for sending routing/control packets or data packets. This allocation of interfaces is based on type of mesh routers and traffic direction. The efficiency and effectiveness of the modification work have been evaluated compared with AODV-MR in terms of packet delivery ratio, routing packet overhead, end to end delay, and throughput.
Learning and Teaching 24/7: Daily Internet Usage Patterns at Nine Australian Universities.

Purpose – This paper seeks to look at the usage of the internet by students, academics and university administrators as part of their normal working day. It investigates whether access to computer facilities and the mode of study have any influence, or whether other factors need to be considered when providing services.Design/methodology/approach – To assess this, the paper considers the diurnal nature of general internet usage in Australia, addresses the daily average internet use at various Australian universities, and considers how much the usage profile says about the student profile and student study habits.Findings – Web usage is high at the start of the work day and then peaks at the end of the work period, with another slight peak by 7 p.m. , presumably after the dinner period, representing those who come on‐line in the evening.Originality/value – The analysis of the proxy usage of nine Australian universities has shown that the vast majority of usage in the Victorian and South Australian universit.
The influence of group formation on learner participation, language complexity, and corrective behaviour in synchronous written chat as part of academic German studies

Abstract Synchronous written chat and instant messaging are tools which have been used and explored in online language learning settings for at least two decades. Research literature has shown that such tools give second language (L2) learners opportunities for language learning, e.g., the interaction in real time with peers and native speakers, the written mode of language, and the time available for planning and monitoring utterances. However, since the majority of the empirical work on chat and instant messaging has been conducted under experimental conditions, relatively little research has investigated how interaction in chat influences language learning opportunities under the conditions of an online academic language course where students have unequal status because of their different language background and level of L2 proficiency. This article presents an explorative study of the interaction in chat in a web-based academic language course between students with different L1s and different levels of L2. The aim is to shed light on how student interaction in an institutional context benefits the language learning environment in a manner that promotes L2 learners’ attention to linguistic items in their input and output, and that allow opportunities for functional practising. Based on a mainly quantitative analysis, this article illustrates how L2 learners’ participation, the complexity of their utterances, and their opportunities for self-correction and corrective feedback are influenced by group formation.
A Comparison of Two Directed Monitoring Conditions for Improving Comprehension

Purpose : The purpose of the current study was to test the hypothesis that children, specifically poor comprehenders may demonstrate better comprehension monitoring and comprehension performance under conditions that 1) place emphasis on meaning rather than decoding, 2) do not impose undue demands on working memory and processing capacity, and 3) allow for more processing time. Method : Fourth grade skilled (n = 20) and unskilled comprehenders (n = 20) listened to passages under two directed monitoring conditions. In one condition, children listened to entire passages (Listen Through; LT) and in the other condition children listened to passages one sentence at a time (Stop, Think and Monitor; STAMP). Participants were asked to listen for anomalous information, to report when and if they identified things in the passages that did not make sense, and to explain why they felt the information was erroneous. All children were asked to recall passages and answer explicit and implicit (inferential) questions about the passages after they listened to them. Results : Skilled comprehenders performed better on identifying and resolving anomalous information under both directed monitoring conditions. While skilled comprehenders performed better on comprehension outcomes (recall, answering questions) in the LT condition, this was not true in the STAMP condition. Both groups performed comparably on comprehension outcomes, specifically in answering implicit questions in the STAMP condition. Partial correlation coefficients between the number of implicit questions answered correctly and detection and resolution of anomalies was not significant after controlling for the effects of language on the outcome variables. Conclusions : Further research is needed to identify the most effective methods and procedures for teaching students to comprehend what they are hearing or reading. Underlying factors such as language ability and working memory may mediate the benefit received from an approach or strategy designed to improve comprehension performance. Our study suggests that the measure of comprehension chosen (recall or answering questions) to evaluate comprehension performance may dictate the type of intervention or strategy that is most effective.
Activity-based statistics : student guide

This book presents a collection of hands-on activities for students taking introductory statistics, and is designed to engage the student as a participant in the learning process. Intended as a lab manual and organized around the major topics covered in most introductory courses, this book contains more activities than can possibly be covered in one course, allowing flexibility for individual course requirements. Packaged in an inexpensive paperback format, the pages are perforated and 3-hole punched for easy removal of individual activities. The 50+ experiments, models, and simulations included in this book are explained succinctly, giving students a clear description of the activities without extra reading. Many activities are compatible with technology.
Molecular Characterization of Henan Anthracite Coal

A type of Chinese anthracite coal was analyzed by several analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Combining the experimental data, a reasonable macromolecular model of anthracite coal (C258H172O12N4S) was proposed. HRTEM results showed that the anthracite coal mainly contained aromatic laminates with different lattice sizes, with the length distribution characterized as 35.0% (<5.5 A), 17.5% (5.5–7.4 A), 22.5% (7.5–11.4 A), and 10% (11.5–14.4 A). The FTIR analysis suggested that ether, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups were the main oxygenated functionalities. The ratio of these groups was approximately 4:3:3, which was consistent with the results of the XPS. On the basis of the rich analytical data, a three-dimensional molecular representation of the anthracite coal was constructed. Then, the properties of the model .
Incorporation of statistical methods in multi-step neural network prediction models

This paper addresses the problems associated with multistep ahead prediction neural networks models. We will see how some concepts from the statistical theory field can be applied in various ways to improve the modelling. The generalization and error autocorrelation problems will he addressed using topological and methodological approach among which network committees, statistical bootstrap and principal component analysis will play a key role. These methods will be applied to the sunspot time series.
N-gram of Orthographic Syllable Indexing for Khmer Information Retrieval System

In the conventional approach of text retrieval, words are usually used as the unit of indexing. However, in many Asian languages such as Chinese, Japanese and Thai, word segmentation is still an open issue and still actively addressed by many researchers to achieve high segmentation accuracy especially when dealing with the out-of-vocabulary words. This issue also occurs in Khmer, and it affects Khmer infor- mation retrieval (IR) . To solve the issue, we propose an indexing approach based on n-grams of Khmer orthographic syllable instead of words. The experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional word based indexing approach. Therefore, n-grams of orthographic syllables can be an alternative to words in case of Khmer IR.
Making Unreliable Automation Useful

Unreliable automation may be usefully applied to situation assessment tasks, but it requires careful analysis of task demands and good interface design. Here we analytically and empirically investigated the case of target detection in which more and less reliable automation identified promising search locations to guide users' attention. Participants searched a field of 44 locations to find four targets. Automation more or less reliably marked some locations as more promising than others. Participants could use even the less reliable automation to direct and facilitated their search compared with manual undirected search. A richer automated marking scheme proved useful but required a more complex search strategy that sometimes hindered participants.
Experiences with novices: The importance of graphical representations in supporting mental mode

Recursion is an important problem solving technique used in programming. It is also a highly unfamiliar mental activity and many computing novices have difficult understanding recursion and applying recursive techniques in problem solving. Research studies have concluded that novices and experts differ in their mental models of recursion. Novices seem to possess various inadequate models of recursion especially the iterative or loop model. This paper examines whether novices who are aided in acquiring an expert’s mental model of recursion (the copies model) can effectively use this model in evaluating recursive algorithms. Results of a study indicated that a large percentage of novices who had previously demonstrated an understanding of the copies model (using explicit diagrammatic traces) failed do so when not using diagrammatic traces. In fact, they appeared to demonstrate evidence for the incorrect iterative or loop model when trying to mentally evaluate recursive programs. The results provide evidence that mental models are unstable and that graphical representations are a very necessary aid to retrieval of novices’ mental models. This suggests that the teaching of recursion may be best facilitated by teaching students how to simulate the execution of a recursive algorithm using diagrammatic traces.
A priority scheduling approach for flexible job shops with multiple process plans

This paper considers the job shop scheduling problem with alternative operations and machines, called the flexible job shop scheduling problem. As an extension of previous studies, operation and routing flexibilities are considered at the same time in the form of multiple process plans, i.e. each job can be processed through alternative operations, each of which can be processed on alternative machines. The main decisions are: (a) selecting operation/machine pair; and (b) sequencing the jobs assigned to each machine. Since the problem is highly complicated, we suggest a practical priority scheduling approach in which the two decisions are done at the same time using a combination of operation/machine selection and job sequencing rules. The performance measures used are minimising makespan, total flow time, mean tardiness, the number of tardy jobs, and the maximum tardiness. To compare the performances of various rule combinations, simulation experiments were done on the data for hybrid systems with an advanced reconfigurable manufacturing system and a conventional legacy system, and the results are reported.
Constructing Cooperative Learning Systems in Engineering Technology

There has been a series of cultural and technological shifts in society that has changed the way students perceive value in information and knowledge when learning. As consumers, these students need to be shown explicitly that what they are learning is valuable. This article develops a theory and model for learning that creates an immediate and explicit value, use, and context to information and knowledge to increase student learning. In this model, information is a commodity that groups of students own and exchange for personal and group benefit creating items of social value. The computer information technology system is used to efficiently transport these items of social value, and to provide a use and simulate a context giving added value and meaning. Student learning occurs through the successful transfer, synthesis, and use of this information into knowledge in problem solving. Social solidarity from these exchanges facilitates student centered learning and peer review. Initial observations are presented along with recommendations for future work.
Present weather: comparing human observations and one type of automated sensor

Of the full set of observations carried out at weather stations, the ‘present weather’ observation is one of the most difficult to automate. Initially, elements such as rain and fog were automated. However, during the past ten years a new group of sensors, aimed at identifying the type and intensity of precipitation, has emerged. These sensors have come to be called Present Weather Sensors (PWSs). Most of the early tests and intercomparisons have been limited to liquid precipitation. Not much attention has been given to investigating the reasons for disagreement between the primary reference, the professional meteorological observer, and the automated observations. This paper presents an analysis of an intercomparison between observer and one type of PWS (Vaisala FD12P), in conditions of both liquid and frozen precipitation. An interaction model is introduced as a new and improved tool for the quality control of PWSs. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
On a Class of Multi-Robot Task Allocation Problems

Abstract A solution for a class of multi-robot task allocation problems is presented in this work. The basic problem requires that the robots from a team gather randomly spread samples from an environment and deposit them to a storage facility. We focus on a finite-state (discrete) formulation, where the environment is abstracted to a weighted graph, and clusters of samples randomly appear in the nodes of this graph. Under the assumption that a central unit that communicate with all robots exists, we derive algorithmic solutions that simultaneously run on (and exchange information between) the central unit and individual robots. Although these algorithms are derived for a problem with specific assumptions, we include ideas for adjusting the solution for related problems belonging to the same class.
The principle of per-survivor processing: a general approach to approximate and adaptive MLSE

A class of algorithms for maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) is introduced. These algorithms are based on the principle of performing signal processing (PPSP) operations, necessary for the estimation of unknown parameters, in a per-survivor fashion. Introduced by several authors for state complexity reduction in an ISI (intersymbol interference) environment, DDFSE (delayed decision feedback sequence estimation) and RSSE (reduced state sequence estimation) make use of this principle. A number of algorithms which apply the PPSP to combined sequence estimation and channel identification are presented. The results of the simulation analysis are given. <<ETX>>
RECALL OF BRIEF TELEVISION NEWS ITEMS: EFFECTS OF PRESENTATION MODE, PICTURE CONTENT AND SERIAL POSITION

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of presentation mode, picture content and serial position upon the recall of brief television news items. Fifteen items were presented in either video or audio‐only mode to 40 subjects. Within the video mode, five items contained film footage, five contained still pictures and five consisted of the newscaster only. Recall of the items was significantly better following video presentation than after audio‐only presentation; and in the video mode, film items were recalled significantly more often than still picture items, which were in turn recalled significantly more often than no‐picture items. Significant serial position effects occurred across all items in the audio mode, and over still picture and no‐picture items, but not film items in the video mode. The results are discussed in terms of various imagery hypotheses.
On Social Constraints for Rational Agents

We define and study social constraints for rational agents. Our work is complementary to work on mechanism design in economics and Distributed Artificial Intelligence, as well as to work on artificial social systems. In our setting agents are rational but obey social laws that are imposed by the system's designer. Agents can be obliged to obey some social constraints, but not any constraint can serve as part of the social law. The main theme of our work is the study of settings where there are restrictions on the constraints that can serve as social laws. In such settings the designer should find social laws that can be imposed on the agents, and that will lead rational agents to satisfactory behavior. Our study is carried out in the context of zero‐sum and general‐sum games (with complete and with incomplete information) in extensive form.
PROSODY-SCOPE MATCH AND MISMATCH IN TOKYO JAPANESE WH-QUESTIONS

It has been claimed that Tokyo Japanese wh-questions exhibit a prosody-scope correspondence between focus intonation, which is always observed in wh-questions, and scope of those wh-questions (Deguchi and Kitagawa (2002), Ishihara (2002)). Based on experimental data, it is shown that when the wh-phrase is moved out of the scope of the whquestion by scrambling, focus intonation and wh-scope no longer show a correspondence. It will be argued that the Multiple Spell-Out model proposed in Ishihara (2003), which accounts for the Focus Intonation-Whscope Correspondence phenomena, also accounts for this apparently exceptional mismatch case. *
2-(4-Hydroxy­styryl)-1-methyl­pyridinium 4-bromo­benzene­sulfonate

The title compound, C14H14NO+·C6H4BrSO3−, (I), crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric space group and exhibits non-linear optical properties. The second-harmonic generation (SHG) effect of (I) is about 0.14 times that of urea. The cation is almost planar and exists in an E configuration. The pyridinium and benzene rings of the cation make a dihedral angle of 4.52 (8)°. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring of the anion and the mean planes through the pyridinium and benzene rings of the cation are 67.06 (8) and 71.56 (8)°, respectively. In the crystal structure, the cations and anions are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O inter­actions into a three-dimensional network. C—H⋯π inter­actions are also observed in the crystal structure.
An analysis of the effect of chip timing jitter in MC-CDMA systems

We investigate the effect of chip synchronization error (or chip timing jitter) in a multicarrier-code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) scheme. The chip timing jitter is modeled by a stationary random process with a known statistic, and the error produced by the jitter is reduced to an additive source of noise. This decomposition is useful because it allows for the use of analytical methods for the computation of the error probability. First, the analysis has been applied to the simple Gaussian channel; afterwards, it has been extended to a multipath fading channel typical of large indoor areas. Use of a semi-analytical approach has been the key factor in obtaining reliable results at moderate computational complexity.