Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Values in Post-socialist Hungary: Is It Useful to Distinguish Egoistic, Altruistic and Biospheric Values?*

In this article the authors examine whether the signifi cance of biospheric values as a separate cluster next to egoistic and altruistic values is mainly a Western European phenomenon or whether biospheric values are also endorsed as a value in its own right in post-socialist Hungary. In two different samples (N = 856 and N = 840), the multi-group method revealed that egoistic, altruistic and biospheric values can be distinguished empirically in Hungary. Their fi ndings suggest that Hungarians not only care for nature and the environment as such, but that these values are translated into feelings of moral obligation to protect the environment: biospheric values strongly helped to explain personal norms towards various environmental behaviours. The authors' results suggest that bisopheric values are relevant for under- standing environmental beliefs, norms and actions in Hungary.
Pain and health status in adults with myelomeningocele living in Sweden

PURPOSE: To increase knowledge about pain and general health in adults with myelomeningocele, a health condition with several risk factors for pain such as musculoskeletal deformities, shunt dysfunctions, bowel problems, and urinary tract infections/stones. METHODS: Descriptive correlational pilot study (N= 51, 53% males). Chi-square tests were used to test associations among presence, impact, severity, and pain site in relation to sex and age. ANOVA was used to analyze associations between sex, age, and general health (today). RESULTS: Seventy-three percent reported pain in the past four weeks. No significant sex or age differences were associated with the presence of pain. Women were significantly more likely to report that pain interfered with work, χ2(1, N= 41) = 5.53, p= 0.02. There were significant main effects for sex and age on general health (today), F(2, 44) = 5.63, p= 0.007, adjusted R2= 0.17. Women scored lower on general health (today) (mean = 63.58) than men (mean = 76.33). Older individuals reported worse general health (today) than did younger (B=-0.89, t=-2.79, p= 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Pain was frequent, and pain sites differed widely. Women were more likely to report that pain interfered with work, and scored lower on health, as did older persons.
Establishment of Efficient Regeneration System from Leaf Discs in Long Pepper an Important Medicinal Plant ( Piper longum L.)

Cultivation of Piper longum L. till recently was not very common; still it is extensively collected from the wild, threatening the very existence of the plant. Hence, it is alarming that there is an urgent need not only cultivate this plant but also develop conservation strategies. Conventional propagation is overwhelmed with problems of poor seed viability low percentage of germination, scanty and delayed rooting of vegetative cuttings indicating there is a need for alternative propagation methods. In vitro technique is an alternative approach to solve the problem. Therefore, the current research was aimed at developing a promising in vitro mass propagation protocol for Piper longum L. using leaf as explant. Murashige and Skoog medium was used throughout the experiment. For callus induction, MS medium supplemented with alone or in combination of IAA (1 to 2 mg/l) and BAP (1 to 2 mg/l) were used. Shoot induction was undertaken on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of Kinetin and BAP (1 to 3 mg/l). Emerged shoots were transferred onto elongation medium supplemented with 2 mg/l Zeatin and 1 mg/l GA3. In vitro rooting was achieved on ½ MS medium+NAA 1 mg/l. Accordingly, the highest calli were induced on MS+1 mg/L IAA+1 mg/L BAP. Among the various treatments, the maximum percentage (91.50 ± 3.54) in vitro shooting was observed on MS+2 mg/L BAP+1 mg/L Kinetin. In vitro rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse conditions. Therefore, it is possible to deduce that the current protocol is promising for in vitro mass propagation of Piper longum L. to solve the reproduction and cultivation problem of the plant.
Observation of current modulation in SAM-FET fabricated by an air-bridge structure

We report on the study of SAM-FET made with a new fabrication process using an air-bridge structure. We measured 3-terminal current-voltage characteristics, and found that drain current increased exponentially with drain voltage, and was modulated with gate bias. The observed largest modulation amplitude of 30 pA was larger than the noise/leakage current of ±4 pA. The fabrication process and detailed measurement result will be described.
Ethiopia’s Export Performance with Major Trade Partners: A Gravity Model Approach

A gravity model is very important in the analysis of bilateral trade flows, and has proven to be a useful tool in determining export potential of a country. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze factors that determine export flows between Ethiopia and its trading partners using a gravity model approach. The research had used secondary data collected from different sources and covers periods from 1995-2010 for 14 importing countries, which implies that the data were panel. There was consideration of the importing capacity of the countries and successiveness of their importing condition for considering the countries as a sample. Different tests were applied in order to select the appropriate model to regress the gravity model. As of those tests, the research had adopted the random effects gravity model. The model result showed that six of the total variables (nine) are significant at different level of significance. Coefficients of per capita GDPs of importer and exporter countries, population size of trading partners, and the distance between nations are significant and as to the expected sign. However, the coefficients of population sizes of Ethiopia and bilateral exchange rate between nations are significant and against the hypotheses. Based on the result, successive enlargement of the foreign per capita GDP directly result into increment in the export revenue of Ethiopia. In addition, the more populous the trading partners of Ethiopia, the higher its export volumes as they imports much to satisfy large domestic demands. Moreover, distance between two countries, which is a proxy for transport costs, affects Ethiopian exports negatively. Keywords: Export, Gravity model, random effects, Panel data, Demand and Supply side factors
Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short‐Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models

We quantify the stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances (VSLS) based on aircraft observations acquired in winter 2014 above the Tropical Western Pacific during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaigns. The overall contribution of VSLS to stratospheric bromine was determined to be 5.0 ± 2.1 ppt, in agreement with the 5 ± 3 ppt estimate provided in the 2014 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Ozone Assessment report (WMO 2014), but with lower uncertainty. Measurements of organic bromine compounds, including VSLS, were analyzed using CFC‐11 as a reference stratospheric tracer. From this analysis, 2.9 ± 0.6 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via organic source gas injection of VSLS. This value is two times the mean bromine content of VSLS measured at the tropical tropopause, for regions outside of the Tropical Western Pacific, summarized in WMO 2014. A photochemical box model, constrained to CONTRAST observations, was used to estimate inorganic bromine from measurements of BrO collected by two instruments. The analysis indicates that 2.1 ± 2.1 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via inorganic product gas injection. We also examine the representation of brominated VSLS within 14 global models that participated in the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative. The representation of stratospheric bromine in these models generally lies within the range of our empirical estimate. Models that include explicit representations of VSLS compare better with bromine observations in the lower stratosphere than models that utilize longer‐lived chemicals as a surrogate for VSLS.
Insulin resistance in vitamin D-deficient mice is alleviated by n-acetylcysteine

Vitamin D deficiency will lead to insulin resistance. In the current study, vitamin D3 1α-Hydroxylase [“1α(OH)ase”] knockout mice were generated to mimic vitamin D deficiency in vivo. As compared to the wild-type mice, the liver tissues of the knockout mice showed impaired insulin signaling, decreased glucose transporter 4 expression and increased reactive oxygen species production. Meanwhile, p53-p21 activation, apoptosis intensity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1 and MIP-1α) level were significantly increased in the knockout mice livers. Significantly, such effects in the knockout mice were largely attenuated by supplement with anti-oxidant n-acetylcysteine (NAC). Remarkably, insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities in the knockout mice were largely alleviated after treatment of NAC. Therefore, inhibition of oxidative stress by NAC alleviated insulin resistance in vitamin D-deficient mice. Oxidative stress could be the primary cause of insulin resistance by vitamin D deficiency.
Relationship of Development and Fiscal Indicators with Agricultural Producer Support in the OECD Economies

The paper seeks to quantify the effects of macro development and fiscal indicators on the agricultural producer support in the OECD countries during the period 1986-2009. The study is complementary to the body of microeconomic research that highlights the importance of support to agriculture industry. Data were obtained from the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates database and the World Bank’s Word Development Indicators 2010 database. Producer Support Estimate (expressed in absolute value, in percent of total farm receipts - %PSE and per 1 ha of agricultural land) was taken as the dependent variable, whereas selected indicators describing performance of the economies were the independent variables. Simple linear regression analysis was conducted and resulted in many significant associations. In the period analyzed, there was a wide gap between the most and least supporting countries in terms of average %PSE and PSE per ha as well as substantial differences in degree of their inter-temporal variation occurred. Regression findings reveal, among others, that when countries were becoming richer, the %PSE was generally decreasing. Conflicting results were obtained for relationship between the %PSE and unemployment as in some countries it was negative, while in the others positive. Expansionary fiscal policy exerted opposite effects on the PSE in different countries.
Functional Regeneration of Supraspinal Connections in a Patient with Transected Spinal Cord following Transplantation of Bulbar Olfactory Ensheathing Cells with Peripheral Nerve Bridging

Treatment of patients sustaining a complete spinal cord injury remains an unsolved clinical problem because of the lack of spontaneous regeneration of injured central axons. A 38-year-old man sustained traumatic transection of the thoracic spinal cord at upper vertebral level Th9. At 21 months after injury, the patient presented symptoms of a clinically complete spinal cord injury (American Spinal Injury Association class A-ASIA A). One of the patient's olfactory bulbs was removed and used to derive a culture containing olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory nerve fibroblasts. Following resection of the glial scar, the cultured cells were transplanted into the spinal cord stumps above and below the injury and the 8-mm gap bridged by four strips of autologous sural nerve. The patient underwent an intense pre- and postoperative neurorehabilitation program. No adverse effects were seen at 19 months postoperatively, and unexpectedly, the removal of the olfactory bulb did not lead to persistent unilateral anosmia. The patient improved from ASIA A to ASIA C. There was improved trunk stability, partial recovery of the voluntary movements of the lower extremities, and an increase of the muscle mass in the left thigh, as well as partial recovery of superficial and deep sensation. There was also some indication of improved visceral sensation and improved vascular autoregulation in the left lower limb. The pattern of recovery suggests functional regeneration of both efferent and afferent long-distance fibers. Imaging confirmed that the grafts had bridged the left side of the spinal cord, where the majority of the nerve grafts were implanted, and neurophysiological examinations confirmed the restitution of the integrity of the corticospinal tracts and the voluntary character of recorded muscle contractions. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical indication of the beneficial effects of transplanted autologous bulbar cells.
Rb‐Sr and Sm‐Nd isotopic systematics of the lherzolitic shergottite GRV 99027

Abstract– Rb‐Sr and Sm‐Nd isotopic analyses of the lherzolitic shergottite Grove Mountains (GRV) 99027 are reported. GRV 99027 yields a Rb‐Sr mineral isochron age of 177 ± 5 (2σ) Ma and an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (ISr) of 0.710364 ± 11 (2σ). Due to larger uncertainties of the Sm‐Nd isotopic data, no Sm‐Nd isochron age was obtained for GRV 99027. The ε143Nd value is estimated approximately +12.2, assuming an age of 177 Ma. The ISr of GRV 99027 is distinguishable from other lherzolitic shergottites, confirming our previous conclusion that it is not paired with them ( Lin et al. 2005 ). The new data of GRV 99027 support the same age of approximately 180 Ma for most lherzolitic shergottites, and fill the small gap of ISr between Allan Hills A77005 and Lewis Cliff 88516 ( Borg et al. 2002 ). All available data are consistent with a single igneous source for the intermediate subgroup of lherzolitic shergottites.
Climate change impact on water resource extremes in a headwater region of the Tarim basin in China

Abstract. The Tarim river basin in China is a huge inland arid basin, which is expected to be highly vulnerable to climatic changes, given that most water resources originate from the upper mountainous headwater regions. This paper focuses on one of these headwaters: the Kaidu river subbasin. The climate change impact on the surface and ground water resources of that basin and more specifically on the hydrological extremes were studied by using both lumped and spatially distributed hydrological models, after simulation of the IPCC SRES greenhouse gas scenarios till the 2050s. The models include processes of snow and glacier melting. The climate change signals were extracted from the grid-based results of general circulation models (GCMs) and applied on the station-based, observed historical data using a perturbation approach. For precipitation, the time series perturbation involves both a wet-day frequency perturbation and a quantile perturbation to the wet-day rainfall intensities. For temperature and potential evapotranspiration, the climate change signals only involve quantile based changes. The perturbed series were input into the hydrological models and the impacts on the surface and ground water resources studied. The range of impact results (after considering 36 GCM runs) were summarized in high, mean, and low results. It was found that due to increasing precipitation in winter, snow accumulation increases in the upper mountainous areas. Due to temperature rise, snow melting rates increase and the snow melting periods are pushed forward in time. Although the qualitive impact results are highly consistent among the different GCM runs considered, the precise quantitative impact results varied significantly depending on the GCM run and the hydrological model.
Effect of the Halothane Genes and Rearing Systems on Meat Quality of Pork

The effect of halothane genotypes (heterozygous and dominant homozygous) and intensive rearing systems (indoor, wood shavings bedding and outdoor) on pork quality were determinated. Ninety six castrated male pigs were used for the trial. Identification of the halothane genotype was determined in blood samples using the DNA-test, based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the critical region of the ryanodine receptor and subsequent restricion of the amplifield fragment by the restriction fragment lengh polymorfism (RFLP) technique. The pH at 45 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter was measured on the Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles. At the laboratory, the Longissimus dorsi muscle was used for the evaluation of the color, marbling, drip loss, defrosting loss and cooking loss and shear force. The muscle of heterozygous pigs for the halothane gene had lower pH and higher drip loss and the incidence of the PSE condition in this genotype was three times higher. The rearing system did not affect the initial and ultimate pH or water holding capacity. Indoor reared pigs had greater frequency of PSE carcass. The interaction between halothane genotypes and rearing systems had no significant effect on any trait studied.
EFFECT OF CAGE DENSITY ON GROWTH AND CARCASS PERFORMANCE OF FATTENING RABBITS UNDER TROPICAL HEAT STRESS CONDITIONS

Three hundred crossbred New Zealand, California, Butterfl y, Dutch, and Satin rabbits, weaned at 30 d and weighing 535±8 g (standard error) were assigned randomly to four treatments: 6, 12, 18 and 24 rabbits/m2 (3, 6, 9 and 12 rabbits/cage, respectively, each cage measuring 0.5 m2) resulting in 10 cages/treatment. During the experimental period (from weaning to 2.2 kg body weight) weekly individual live weight, cage feed intake, incidence of diarrhoea, ringworm, and injured rabbit data was recorded. The maximum temperature-humidity index ranged from 31 to 35, and so indicating severe heat stress. At the end of the experimental period 10, 20, 30 and 30 rabbits under densities of 6, 12, 18 and 24 rabbits/m2, respectively, were slaughtered and carcass performance recorded. Average daily gain and feed intake from weaning to the end of the experimental period decreased by 0.31±0.070 and 1.20±0.25 g, respectively, for each unit that the density increased at the beginning of the experiment (P=0.001). The length of the fattening period increased by 0.91±0.16 d (P=0.001) for each unit of increment of density. However, rabbit production (expressed in kg/m2) increased linearly and quadratically with density (P<0.008). Cage density did not affect feed effi ciency, which on average was 0.214 g/g (P=0.37). Animals housed at the highest density, compared to the average of those caged at lower densities, tended to show higher incidence of ringworm (68.9 vs 39.4%; P=0.075) and injury (16.8 vs 3.03%; P=0.12), and showed higher mortality (20.5 vs 9.63%; P=0.043). Density did not alter the dressing out percentage nor chilled carcass weight. The proportion of scapular fat (P=0.042) increased linearly with increasing levels of density, but perirrenal fat was unaffected (P=0.22). Increasing density reduced dorsal length linearly (P=0.001), and reduced drip loss percentage linearly and quadratically (P=0.097 and 0.018, respectively). Based on these results, under our heat stress conditions, avoiding densities higher than 18 rabbits/m2 or 34 kg/m2 at the end of fattening is recommended.
Symptoms and Synchrony: Mother and Child Internalizing Problems Moderate Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Concordance in Mother–Preadolescent Dyads

Physiological synchrony, or concordance, among caregiver–child dyads involves the matching of biological states. Understanding this process is critical for enhancing our knowledge of the ways that the caregiver–child relationship supports child development. However, the meaning of physiological synchrony for child adjustment is poorly understood. This study examined physiological synchrony in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an indicator of parasympathetic activity, between 87 mothers (M age = 35.30 years, SD = 6.71 years) and their preadolescent children (M age = 10.36 years, SD = 1. 19 years, 52.9% girls). Dyads, all of which were from economically impoverished backgrounds, participated in 3 tasks that varied in the level of interaction that was required between the partners. Mothers self-reported their own depressive symptoms and rated their children’s externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Physiological synchrony was generally strongest in tasks requiring the greatest levels of interaction among partners. Further, RSA synchrony was positive in the context of low levels of maternal depressive and child internalizing symptoms, and negative in the context of high levels of such symptoms, though results varied by task. Child externalizing symptoms did not moderate the RSA concordance process. The results identify both proximal and distal contexts in which physiological synchrony occurs, which ultimately broadens our understanding of the meaning and significance of parent–child physiological synchrony.
Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Neural Machine Translation

We explore the performance of latent variable models for conditional text generation in the context of neural machine translation (NMT). Similar to Zhang et al., we augment the encoder-decoder NMT paradigm by introducing a continuous latent variable to model features of the translation process. We extend this model with a co-attention mechanism motivated by Parikh et al. in the inference network. Compared to the vision domain, latent variable models for text face additional challenges due to the discrete nature of language, namely posterior collapse. We experiment with different approaches to mitigate this issue. We show that our conditional variational model improves upon both discriminative attention-based translation and the variational baseline presented in Zhang et al. Finally, we present some exploration of the learned latent space to illustrate what the latent variable is capable of capturing. This is the first reported conditional variational model for text that meaningfully utilizes the latent variable without weakening the translation model.
Genetic variation within and between three Vietnamese pine populations ( Pinus merkusii ) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Pinus merkusii is an important species in Vietnam with many economic and biological contributions. The information on diversity within and between populations of a species is necessary for plantation programs, breeding and conservation strategies. Genetic diversity of three Vietnamese populations (NA, QB and QN) was analyzed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Nine RAPD primers produced 82 markers, 77 of which were polymorphic with 93.9% of polymorphism. The results showed higher genetic variation within populations (72%) than between populations (28%) and low Nei’s genetic differentiation index among populations (0.1867). The populations also clustered based on PCoA analysis where cluster I included NA and QB populations and Cluster II, the QN population. These results suggest that P. merkusii populations in Vietnam is necessary to develop the genetic resources. Keywords: DNA markers, genetic diversity, Pinus merkusii , random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Vietnam