Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial Etiology and Antimicrobial Therapy of Peri-implantitis: A Comprehensive Review

Implants have turned out to be a well-established therapy in dental practice for the replacement of missing teeth and restoration of function. Peri-implant disease denotes the inflammatory condition of surrounding soft and hard tissues. Two terminologies are covered under the impression of peri-implant pathology; peri-implantitis and mucositis. Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible inflammatory process limited to soft tissues around an implant. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition of hard and soft tissue around the dental implant. Bacterial infections are the most common cause of peri-implantitis. It is a variable poly-microbial infection, although generally dominated by Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria Anti-infective therapy should be included in the treatment regime, while treating the peri-implant disease. Antimicrobial therapy includes local debridement, antibiotic therapy and surface decontamination of the implant. The current article gives a detailed overview of microbial etiology, antimicrobial therapy and its limitations for the treatment of peri-implant Pathology.
Effect of early post-hatch feeding on the production performance of commercial broiler chicken

A biological experiment was carried out to study the effect of early chick nutritional supplements (ECNS) with 600 day old straight run broiler chicks from a single hatch, individually weighed, wing banded and randomly allotted into five treatments with four replicates of 30 chicks each. One of the following early chick nutritional supplement viz., Control (No ECNS, T1), Egg white protein-glucose based ECNS (EWPG, T2), Corn-soybean and fish meal based ECNS without steaming (CSF WOS, T3), Steamed corn-soyabean and fish meal based ECNS (CSF WS, T4), Commercial broiler pre-starter diet as ECNS (CBPSD, T5) was offered to each one of the treatment chicks immediately after hatch in the hatcher tray and continued till placing the chicks in the chick transport box except control (T1) which was subjected to fasting for 24 hours to simulate field conditions. The data on hatch weight, chick transit weight loss, early chick mortality, day old to six week body weight and weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio at biweekly interval and livability were recorded and analyzed. The results of the study revealed that the ECNS feeding had significantly (P<0.01) improved sixth week body weight and weight gain than the birds reared on the control diet. The biweekly cumulative feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR) up to six weeks of age were not significantly affected between the treatments. ECNS feeding improved the productive performance and livability in broilers.
Effects of Smoking on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Function

Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable risk factor related to the development of cardiovascular disease. It was demonstrated that tobacco smoke contains a thousand compounds potentially harmful to human health. As tobacco use declined over time, elec- tronic cigarettes were introduced as an alternative. E-cigarettes are a modern and techno logical surrogate of traditional cigarettes and use heat to convert a nicotine solution or a flavored nicotine-free solution into vapor. Even though all the ingredients contained in the liquid of E-cigarettes are approved as food additives, the harmlessness of these electronic devices is still not fully proven in humans. The general mechanisms by which smoking results in cardiovascular events include the development of atherosclerotic changes with a hypercoagulable state and an increased risk of thrombosis. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as a hallmark of preclinical systemic atherosclerosis and as a useful marker to stratify the risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on these considerations, in this chapter, we (1) discussed the role of endothelial dysfunction and its contributing factors, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, in the development of cardiovascular diseases and (2) reported the studies which investigated the effect of tobacco and electronic smok - ing on the biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, stress, and inflammation.
Er gaat iets veranderen in de prostitutie ... : De sociale positie en het psychosociaal welzijn van prostituees in prostitutiebedrijven voorafgaand aan de opheffing van het bordeelverbod

Het doel van dit onderzoek is het in kaart brengen van de sociale positie en het psychosociale welzijn van prostituees in de periode voorafgaand aan de wetswijziging. (Op 1 oktober 2000 is door een wijziging in het Wetboek van Strafrecht het algemeen bordeelverbod opgeheven.) Zowel de sociale positie als het psychosociale welzijn van een aantal kwetsbare groepen prostituees, die onder dwang of onder druk van schulden en dergelijke aan het werk zijn, blijkt weinig positief. Daarnaast is er een groep prostituees die bewust en om positieve redenen voor de prostitutie hebben gekozen. Met deze groepen gaat het, mits er sprake is van 'goede' werkplekken, relatief goed. Vrijwel alle prostituees ondervinden op het gebied van sociale acceptatie grote problemen. Er is daarnaast veel onduidelijkheid over de wetswijziging en over de belastingafdracht, hetgeen misbruik door derden in de hand werkt. Er zijn aanwijzingen dat prostituees op steeds jongere leeftijd met prostitutiewerk beginnen. Vooral onder jonge prostituees en vrouwen die jong met het werk zijn begonnen, speelt dwang door pooiervriendjes een belangrijke rol in hun 'keuze' voor de prostitutie. Alhoewel prostituees geweld niet snel als zodanig benoemen, rapporteert bijna een kwart van de respondenten zelf in het afgelopen jaar slachtoffer te zijn geweest van geweld.
Shape based Image Retrieval Utilising Colour Moments and Enhanced Boundary Object Detection Technique

The need for automatic object recognition and retrieval have increased rapidly in the last decade. In content-based image retrieval (CBIR) visual cues such as colour, texture, and shape are the most prominent features used. Texture features are not considered as a significant discriminator unless it is integrated with colour features. Colour-based image retrieval uses global and/or local features has proved its ability to retrieve images with a high degree of accuracy. In contrast, shape-based retrieval is still suffering from numerous unsolved problems such as precise edge detection, overlapping objects, and high cost of feature extraction. In this paper, global colour features are utilized to discriminate unrelated images. Furthermore, a novel hybrid approach is proposed, consisting of a combination of boundary-based shape descriptor (BBSD) and region-based shape descriptor (RBSD), image retrieval. An enhanced object boundary detection (EBOD) is proposed, which uses canny edge detector to detect shape boundaries, with morphological opening to remove isolated nodes. Subsequently, morphological closing is utilized to solidify objects within the target image to enhance shape-based features representation. Finally, shape features are extracted and Euclidean distance measure with different threshold values to measure the similarity between feature vectors is adopted. Five semantic categories of WANG image database are selected to test the proposed approach. The results of experiments are promising, when compared with most common related approaches.
La sindrome epato-renale: una revisione della letteratura

La Sindrome Epato-Renale (SER) rimane un enigma dal punto di vista diagnostico e terapeutico. Permangono, infatti, numerose controversie riguardanti la definizione, la comprensione dei meccanismi fisiopatologici, la diagnosi e la terapia della disfunzione renale che complica il decorso dell’insufficienza epatica terminale (End Stage Liver Disease–ESLD). Mentre l’ESLD e complicata da una disfunzione multiorgano, la malattia renale e caratterizzata da un particolare comportamento sugli outcomes a lungo termine. Il trapianto di rene e la terapia di scelta dell’ESLD e la coesistenza di insufficienza renale ne rende la gestione piu complicata ed impegnativa. Visto che una minoranza di pazienti con ESLD riceve alla fine un trapianto di fegato, soprattutto nei paesi in via di sviluppo, la comparsa di insufficienza renale puo lasciar prevedere una morte precoce in molti di questi pazienti. Inoltre, e fondamentale riconoscere che la SER non e l’unica causa di insufficienza renale nell’ESLD. Quindi, il riconoscimento precoce e la terapia puo prolungare l’aspettativa di vita anche in quei pazienti che non ricevono un trapianto epatico per una serie di ragioni. Inoltre, la terapia sostitutiva renale e una sfida in questa popolazione, per motivi legati all’emodinamica, all’accesso vascolare e alla terapia anticoagulante. Il nostro lavoro consiste in una revisione della letteratura recente focalizzandoci sui progressi nella comprensione della fisiopatologia di questa particolare condizione clinica, della sua diagnosi e gestione. Parole chiave: cirrosi, disfunzione epatica nella malattia epatica, insufficienza epatica acuta, insufficienza renale acuta, sindrome epatorenale, terapia renale sostitutiva, trapianto epatico
Right to privacy and confidentiality for people living with HIV and aids in accessing health care services

People living with HIV and AIDS have a lot of serious ethical challenges including respecting their right to privacy and confidentiality when accessing health services, challenges that may cause psychological problems as well as stigmatization. Since HIV and AIDS are highly sensitive and emotionally charged issues, information about the clients‟ HIV and AIDS serostatus must be considered the most confidential information and must be protected at all times. Discussions between counsellors or health care providers and supervisors, including case discussions in supervision, shall protect the privacy of PLWHA. Individuals‟ confidentiality is supposed to be protected in conversations between counsellors and other staff members. A total number of 15 informants, involving 10 People living with HIV and AIDS and 5 heath care workers were interviewed. Data analysis was done by using content analysis technique with the help of Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) called NVivo software following the study objectives and the emerging themes as reported by the study informants, as well as in line with the observation made in the study area. The findings show that a high percentage of People living with HIV and AIDS are still stigmatized by their relatives, friends and their co-worker hence they seek care and treatment far from their residents for taking anti-retroviral therapy. A combination of intertwined factors like mismanagement of patients‟ files, lack of counseling rooms in infectious disease wards as well as lack of privacy and confidentiality trainings for health care personnel accounts for dis-respecting right to privacy and confidentiality for People living with HIV and AIDS when access health services at Muhimbili National Hospital. Dis-respecting right to privacy and confidentiality undermines patients‟ relationships with health care workers and also it can adversely affect the quality of care, stigmatization and discrimination as well as loss of reputation, loss or denial of their health insurance and personal embarrassment. The study concluded that there is a challenge in respecting right to privacy and confidentiality for PLWHA in accessing health care services. It is recommended that health care workers should be given short courses on ethical issues for people living with HIV and AIDS as they are in much concern with maintaining privacy that in turn protects individuals from unwanted intrusions into their file records.
Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children

Physical inactivity is a major risk for obesity. This chronic disease results from a caloric imbalance causing an enlargement of adipocytes by excessive fat storage. With an increasing prevalence, childhood obesity is correlated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress conducting to the development of other diseases not only in children but also during adulthood. In other hand, numerous children practice exercise of high duration or intensity in high competition sports, which can have harmful effects at physical, physiological and psychological level. In high competition young athletes, oxidative stress and immunosuppression can happen leading to an elevated risk of infection. However, an improved lipid profile is found in childhood athletes. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of childhood obesity as well as intense swimming training in body composition, inflammation and lipid profile, through blood analysis, bioimpedance and immunodetection of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TWEAK), a myokine (Myostatin) and an acute-phase protein (CRP). For that, 24 young people were recruited into three groups: obese, athlete and lean. The obese group had high levels of body fat, an atypical lipid profile (low HDL and high LDL), high levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the blood indicating tissue damage, chronic inflammation (high IL-6, CRP and TWEAK) and low muscle mass (high Myostatin) without muscle damage (low CK). However, low serum levels of hepatic enzyme (AST and ALT) in these obese children do not associate obesity with liver disease. In other hand, intense physical exercise is not a harmfull activity for young athletes, since the lipid profile is improved and the increased levels of inflammatory markers is not significant. The main benefit of intensive training is the decreased levels of glucose being a protective role for diabetes. Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children
Coping Strategies of Disabled People in Residential Environments after Injury Events

The study explored the lived experiences of people with injury events in their residential environment. Participants were 65 people with disabilities and chronic diseases in Sweden with residential living injuries (females = 40 (61.5%), men = 25 (38.5%), age range 20–90 year old). They completed qualitative interviews on their experiences of injury events in their residential environment. Thematic analysis of the data yielded evidence to suggest the following issues: (1) individual coping resource preferences; (2) support services; and (3) family engagement needs. Participants coped utilizing positive reframing of their living with injury and the incidents they experienced. Social support functions were important for safety in the housing environment. Rather disconcerting is the fact that participants would not always tell their social network about the risks and injuries they experienced.
Subcarrier-Index Modulated Multicarrier Space-Time Shift Keying: Achievable Rate, Performance, and Design Guidelines

Multicarrier (MC) space-time shift keying (STSK) relying on the concept of subcarrier-index modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SIM-OFDM) is proposed. In conventional MC-STSK system, the performance erosion of STSK in dispersive channels is mitigated by employing OFDM. The SIM-OFDM aided MC-STSK activates a specified limited number of subcarriers for transmitting the STSK codewords. The indices of the activated subcarriers provide additional multiplexing gain. A new receiver architecture, which uses the single-stream maximum-likelihood (ML) detector of STSK and the subcarrier activation principle of SIM-OFDM, is designed. A soft decision logarithmic likelihood ratio (LLR) based detector is also conceived. Helpful design guidelines are provided for the system. The achievable rate, complexity, and performance of the system are analytically quantified and verified with the aid of numerical simulations. The system is capable of overcoming the impairments imposed by wideband channels, is benefited from index modulation as well as from STSK. The scheme exhibits an improved error performance compared to the classic OFDM-based STSK as a result of the more reliable detection of the subcarrier index bits.
Correlates of human capital expenditure among rural households in Nigeria

Abstract Human capital development is increasingly gaining policy relevance especially with the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examined the correlates of human capital expenditure in rural Nigeria. General Household Survey dataset collected by the National Bureau of Statistics was used for this study. Descriptive statistical tools, principal components analysis and the Heckman selection model were used to analyse relevant data. The study found majority of the households were male-headed, with an average size of 7 people. In terms of access to education, 62.1% of the surveyed households had access to education and spent an average of NGN 12,570.56 on education. The age of household head, access to loans, marital status and household size were the correlates of human capital expenditure in rural Nigeria. Also, school fees and registration accounted for 41.2% of households’ expenditure on education. The study found paucity of funds, low priority placed on education and low interest were the main constraints to human capital expenditure. The study recommended the design and implementation of pro-poor educational interventions especially for children from rural households. Also, there is the need for government, multilateral organisations and financial institutions to position rural households for financial inclusion.
[Transcatheter coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus and follow-up results].

OBJECTIVE Although many articles have been published about transcatheter coil occlusion, few studies have been conducted on the long-term outcomes of patent ductus arteriosus closure with a coil. This study is an examination of the follow-up data of patients who underwent transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure with a coil. METHODS Between May 1996 and May 2018, 243 patients underwent transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure with a coil. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the timing of the use of ductal occluders at the facility. Until the end of 2005, every ductus was closed with a coil. Since initiating the use of ductal occluders in 2006, coils are mostly used to close small, elongated ducts, and occasionally, some complex ducts. RESULTS The median age of the patient was 4.33 years, the median weight was 15 kg, and the median duct diameter was 2 mm. In this study group, 98 (40%) patients were male and 145 were female (60%). The angiographic features of the ductus were classified as type A in 126 patients, type B in 15, type C in 6, type D in 9, type E in 74, and 13 were recorded as other types. In 238 of the patients, the patent ductus arteriosus was successfully closed with a coil. In 5 (2.2%) cases, the procedure was unsuccessful. Echocardiography follow-up continued for an average of 4.1+-4.1 years (1 day-19 years). A residual shunt was observed in 42 patients, and spontaneous occlusion was seen in 29 of the 42 patients. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that closure of the patent ductus arteriosus with a coil was a safe and effective method.
Human acceptability judgements for extractive sentence compression

Recent approaches to English-language sentence compression rely on parallel corpora consisting of sentence-compression pairs. However, a sentence may be shortened in many different ways, which each might be suited to the needs of a particular application. Therefore, in this work, we collect and model crowdsourced judgements of the acceptability of many possible sentence shortenings. We then show how a model of such judgements can be used to support a flexible approach to the compression task. We release our model and dataset for future work.
Gröbner Basis over Semigroup Algebras: Algorithms and Applications for Sparse Polynomial Systems

Grö bner bases is one the most powerful tools in algorithmic nonlinear algebra. Their computation is an intrinsically hard problem with a complexity at least single exponential in the number of variables. However, in most of the cases, the polynomial systems coming from applications have some kind of structure. We consider sparse systems where the input polynomials have a few non-zero terms. Our approach to exploit sparsity is to embed the systems in a semigroup algebra and to compute Grö bner bases over this algebra. Up to now, the algorithms that follow this approach benefit from the sparsity only in the case where all the polynomials have the same sparsity structure, that is the same Newton polytope. We introduce the first algorithm that overcomes this restriction. Under regularity assumptions, it performs no redundant computations. Further, we extend this algorithm to compute Grö bner basis in the standard algebra and solve sparse polynomials systems over the torus (\mathbbC ^*)^n. The complexity of the algorithm depends on the Newton polytopes.
Race, Ethnicity and National Origin-based Discrimination in Social Media and Hate Crimes Across 100 U.S. Cities

We study malicious online content via a specific type of hate speech: race, ethnicity and national-origin based discrimination in social media, alongside hate crimes motivated by those characteristics, in 100 cities across the United States. We develop a spatially-diverse training dataset and classification pipeline to delineate targeted and self-narration of discrimination on social media, accounting for language across geographies. Controlling for census parameters, we find that the proportion of discrimination that is targeted is associated with the number of hate crimes. Finally, we explore the linguistic features of discrimination Tweets in relation to hate crimes by city, features used by users who Tweet different amounts of discrimination, and features of discrimination compared to non-discrimination Tweets. Findings from this spatial study can inform future studies of how discrimination in physical and virtual worlds vary by place, or how physical and virtual world discrimination may synergize.
Modeling the mitral valve

This work is concerned with modeling and simulation of the mitral valve, one of the four valves in the human heart. The valve is composed of leaflets, the free edges of which are supported by a system of chordae, which themselves are anchored to the papillary muscles inside the left ventricle. First, we examine valve anatomy and present the results of original dissections. These display the gross anatomy and information on fiber structure of the mitral valve. Next, we build a model valve following a design‐based methodology, meaning that we derive the model geometry and the forces that are needed to support a given load and construct the model accordingly. We incorporate information from the dissections to specify the fiber topology of this model. We assume the valve achieves mechanical equilibrium while supporting a static pressure load. The solution to the resulting differential equations determines the pressurized configuration of the valve model. To complete the model, we then specify a constitutive law based on a stress‐strain relation consistent with experimental data that achieves the necessary forces computed in previous steps. Finally, using the immersed boundary method, we simulate the model valve in fluid in a computer test chamber. The model opens easily and closes without leak when driven by physiological pressures over multiple beats. Further, its closure is robust to driving pressures that lack atrial systole or are much lower or higher than normal.