Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Subtype of Autoimmune Encephalitis With Anti-Contactin-Associated Protein-like 2 Antibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid, Prominent Limbic Symptoms, and Seizures.

IMPORTANCE Autoantibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) are observed in several neurological syndromes, including neuromyotonia (NMT), Morvan syndrome (MoS), and limbic encephalitis. OBJECTIVE To characterize the clinical and biological presentations of patients with anti-CASPR2 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 18 patients who had anti-CASPR2 antibodies in their CSF between March 2009 and November 2015 at the Centre National de Référence pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques in Lyon, France. Additionally, we analyzed 15 patients who were diagnosed as having NMT or MoS as a comparative group. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinical presentations, anti-CASPR2 antibodies specificities, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and CSF analyses, cancer prevalence, and evolution. RESULTS In this cohort of 18 patients with anti-CASPR2 antibodies in their CSF, 17 (94.4%) were male and had a median (range) age of 64.5 (53-75) years; in the second group, 9 of 15 patients (60.0%) with NMT or MoS were male and had a median (range) age of 51 years (1 month to 75 years). Only 3 patients (16.7%) in this cohort had a previous or concomitant history of cancer (prostate, hematological, or thyroid), whereas 9 patients (60.0%) in the second group had a malignant thymoma. Symptoms of limbic encephalitis were observed in all patients, including temporal lobe seizures in 16 patients (88.9%) and memory disorders in 17 patients (94.4%) from the cohort. Extralimbic signs were also evident in 12 of 18 patients (66.7%), including cerebellar ataxia in 6 patients (33.3%). Only 2 patients (11.1%) from the cohort were diagnosed as having NMT. Brain magnetic resonance imaging displayed T2-weighted temporolimbic abnormalities in 14 of 15 patients (93.3%) in the second group. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was abnormal in 9 of 12 patients (75.0%). For 16 of 18 patients (88.9%), follow-up was performed for at least a 6-month period (median [range], 34 [11-114] months). Of these, 15 (93.8%) improved and 6 (37.5%) relapsed. In all patients in this cohort, IgG4 autoantibodies were detected in the CSF. Anti-CASPR2 antibodies in the CSF targeted the laminin G1 and discoidin domains of CASPR2 in all patients. Importantly, anti-CASPR2 antibodies were detected in the serum but not in the CSF of all patients with NMT or MoS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, anti-CASPR2 antibodies in the CSF are associated with a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis with prominent limbic involvement and seizures that is rarely associated with cancer. Conversely, patients with NMT and MoS have anti-CASPR2 antibodies only in the serum but not in the CSF and frequently present with a malignant thymoma. The anti-CASPR2 antibodies found in these patients targeted the discoidin and laminin G1 domains of CASPR2 and always included IgG4 autoantibodies.
Resource Utilization in Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults

This study defines determinants of cost of treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. A chart review for 92 cases of ketoacidosis from 1988 to 1992 in 40 females and 25 males (age range 18 to 81) showed a length of stay of 5.7 ± 4.9 d. Length of stay did not correlate with the level of nursing care or any other component of the initial order set. Length of stay was shorter in cases managed by diabetologists. Length of stay was inversely proportional to the interval from arrival to the first shot of intermediate or long-acting insulin. Length of stay was longer in subjects with a positive bacterial culture (mean, 9.1 d) and was longer in subjects who arrived in the evening. There was a female predominance in total and recurrent cases of ketoacidosis. Female patients received fewer educational sessions than males. The grade of acidosis affected the duration of acidemia, but the grade of acidosis, APACHE scores, and admission lab values did not correlate with length of stay. The use of an intensive care unit (ICU) included more testing and expense without uniform clear benefit. Optimal transition from intensive to routine management includes resumption of long-acting insulins as soon as possible. Optimization of hospital care and reduction of incidence of ketoacidosis in females would have a marked effect on health care costs.
Predictive Validity of Severity Grading for Cerebral Steno-Occlusive Arteriopathy in Recurrent Childhood Ischemic Stroke

Background Cerebral arteriopathy is a risk factor for incident and recurrent childhood AIS. There are no standardized criteria to quantify arteriopathy severity. Aims To evaluate a method of scoring severity of steno-occlusive arteriopathy in childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and its association with recurrence. Methods In a single-center prospectively enrolled cohort of 49 children with first AIS and arteriopathy, a composite cerebrovascular stenosis score (CVSS) was measured by two independent raters as the sum of stenosis scores in each of 18 intracranial large and medium arteries, where 0 = none; 1 = low-grade, 1–50%; 2 = high-grade, >50–99%; 3 = occlusion, 100%. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to determine the association of CVSS with recurrence. The analysis was stratified by presence or absence of moyamoya arteriopathy (syndrome or disease). Results At a median follow-up period of 2·5 years (range: 0·8–9), 18/49 children (37%) experienced a recurrence. Median time to recurrence was 0·2 (range: 0·02–2·8) years. Interrater agreement was good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0·77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·63–0·87, P < 0·001). Higher CVSS was associated with higher recurrence rate [hazard ratio (HR) per point 1·09, 95% CI 1·04–1·16, P = 0·001]. Among those with moyamoya arteriopathy, CVSS was associated with recurrence (HR per point of CVSS 1·11, 95% CI 1·03–1·19, P = 0·004), but there was no association in those without moyamoya arteriopathy (HR per point of CVSS 0·91, 95% CI 0·75–1·09, P = 0·32). Conclusions The CVSS is a reliable measure of severity of steno-occlusive arteriopathy in childhood stroke. This preliminary study suggests that higher CVSS is associated with stroke recurrence in children with moyamoya arteriopathy.
Serum cystatin C for prediction of dialysis requirement or death in acute kidney injury: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND Serum cystatin C has emerged as a new and potentially more reliable marker of kidney function. However, its utility and performance in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly for the prediction of dialysis requirement, is not well known. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS Adult patients with AKI enrolled at 2 academic medical centers, at time of nephrology consultation. PREDICTORS Serum cystatin C (primary predictor), serum creatinine, and serum urea nitrogen levels and 24-hour urine output measured at enrollment. OUTCOMES The composite of dialysis requirement or in-hospital death. COVARIATES: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, liver disease, sepsis, and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS 200 participants were enrolled for this analysis. Mean age was 65 years, 55% were men, and mean APACHE II score was 20. In unadjusted analyses, increases in serum cystatin C (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 2.59), serum creatinine (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.09), and serum urea nitrogen levels (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.54) were associated with a higher odds (per 1-SD increase) for the composite outcome, whereas greater urine output (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.80) was associated with lower odds. These associations persisted after adjustment for APACHE II score. The addition of serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, and serum urea nitrogen levels or urine output to a basic model entailing APACHE II score, liver disease, sepsis, and assisted mechanical ventilation improved its prediction, evidenced by increases in areas under a receiver operator characteristic curve from 0.816 to 0.829, 0.826, 0.837, and 0.836, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between each of these models. LIMITATIONS Observational study, single serum cystatin C measurement. CONCLUSION In patients with AKI, serum cystatin C level performs similarly to serum creatinine level, serum urea nitrogen level, and urine output for predicting dialysis requirement or in-hospital death. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Education Based on Theory of Planned Behavior over Sexual Function of Menopausal Women in Iran

Background: More than half of the sexual problems in menopausal women are due to insufficient knowledge or false beliefs about sexual function. Theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the important theories that explain the main process of adopting healthy behaviors. This study investigates the effect of education based on TPB over sexual function of menopausal women in Sabzevar, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the data were collected through a survey. This study included 180 Iranian menopausal women from five health center of Sabzevar city in Iran from 2016 to 2017. Using a questionnaire, demographic, anthropometric, and TPB by SPSS version 22 software were measured and analyzed. Results: After educational intervention, the average rates of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intention to sexual function in education group were increased meaningfully (sig <0.05); these changes were not meaningful in control group. Furthermore, there was no statistically meaningful difference in subjective norms between two groups after intervention. Conclusion: According to the findings, it is proposed that TPB be used to improve sexual function in Iranian menopausal women.
PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE IN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA OF THE LAKE WHITEFISH (COREGONUS CLUPEAFORMIS) AND ITS RELATION TO PLEISTOCENE GLACIATIONS

Restriction‐fragment length polymorphisms were employed to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships, the genetic diversity and the geographic structure in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of the lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis. Thirteen restriction enzymes that produced 148 restriction fragments were used to assay mtDNAs of 525 specimens collected among 41 populations. The sampling covered the entire range of the species, from Alaska to Labrador. Four distinct phylogeographic assemblages were identified. The Beringian assemblage, confined to Yukon and Alaska, was phylogenetically distinct from other assemblages and exhibited the highest level of nucleotide diversity. The Acadian assemblage was confined to southeastern North America and composed of a unique mtDNA clade. The Atlantic assemblage was confined to southern Québec and the northeastern United States and was also observed among anadromous populations of northern Hudson Bay. This group was highly polymorphic and responsible for most of the mtDNA diversity observed outside Beringia. The Mississippian assemblage occupied most of the actual range of lake whitefish, from the Mackenzie delta to Labrador. Ninety‐two percent of all whitefish of this proposed origin belonged to a single mtDNA haplotype. Overall, the diversity, the geographic structure and the times of divergence of mtDNA phylogenetic assemblages correlate with the Pleistocene glaciations classically assumed to have dramatically altered the genetic diversity of northern fishes in recent evolutionary times. Our results emphasize the dominant role of these catastrophic events in shaping the population genetic structure of lake whitefish.
PID control of a nonlinear half-car active suspension system via force feedback

This paper presents the design of a two-loop, force/suspension travel PID control system, for a four degree-of-freedom (DOF), nonlinear, half-car active vehicle suspension system (AVSS). The two-loop system consists of an inner PID hydraulic actuator force control loop and an outer PID suspension travel control loop. Performance of the PID based AVSS is compared to a passive, nonlinear, half-car suspension system with the same model parameters. The simulation results showed the superior performance of the AVSS in the presence of the deterministic road disturbance.
Effects of pretreatment clinical parameters on bioactive glass implantation in intrabony periodontal defects.

BACKGROUND The various methods for regeneration of periodontal tissue that have been developed can be classified into guided tissue regeneration and bone implantation. Since the implantation materials have shown both deficiencies and merits, dentists have begun exploring the bioactive glass first used in plastic surgery. This paper examines the effectiveness of this new material on periodontal intrabony defects. METHODS Clinical effects of bioactive glass implantation in intrabony periodontal defects were evaluated 6 months after surgery in 38 intrabony defects from 38 patients with chronic periodontitis. Twenty-one experimental defects received bioactive glass implantation (test group), while 17 control defects were treated with a flap procedure only (control group). The criteria for comparative observation were preoperative and postoperative probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bone probing depth (BPD), and gingival recession. RESULTS Reductions in PD were observed in both groups (P<0.01). The reduction in PD was significantly greater in the test group when preoperative PD exceeded 7 mm (P<0.01). Improvements in CAL were also observed in both groups (P<0.01), with the test group showing significantly greater gains (P<0.05). In those cases where preoperative CAL was less than 7 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Reduction in BPD was observed in both groups, with the test group showing significantly greater reduction (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in BPD change, however, when preoperative BPD was < or =7 mm. Significantly greater reduction of BPD in the test group was observed when intrabony defect depth was >4 mm (P <0.05). Significant improvements in PD, CAL, and BPD were noted in the test group when the crestal involvement exceeded 100 degrees. Correlation test between various clinical parameters indicated that greater changes in PD and CAL in the test group were observed when preoperative CAL was large (P<0.001), and greater changes in PD (P<0.05), CAL (P<0.01), and BPD (P<0.05) were noted when preoperative BPD was large. Correlation between crestal involvement and CAL change was noted only in the control group (P<0.01). High correlations were observed between PD changes and CAL changes and between CAL changes and BPD changes in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Use of a bone substitute in a flap operation resulted in significantly greater improvements in CAL and BPD over flap operation alone and seemed to have positive effects in postoperative PD, CAL, and BPD in those cases with more severe preoperative CAL and BPD.
Pedometer-assessed physical activity in children and young adults with CKD.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Data on physical activity are limited in children with CKD. The objectives of this study were to measure the level and correlates of physical activity in children and young adults with CKD and to determine the association of physical activity with physical performance and physical functioning. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Physical activity was measured for 7 days using pedometers; physical performance was measured by the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and physical functioning with the PedsQL 4.0. RESULTS Study participants were 44 patients 7-20 years of age who had CKD stage 1-4 (n=12), had ESRD and were undergoing dialysis (n=7), or had undergone kidney transplantation (n=25). Participants were very sedentary; they walked 6218 (interquartile range, 3637, 9829) steps per day, considerably less than recommended. Physical activity did not differ among participants in the CKD stage 1-4, ESRD, and transplant groups. Females were less active than males (P<0.01), and physical activity was 44% lower among young adults (18-20 years) than younger participants (P<0.05). Physical activity was associated positively with maternal education and hemoglobin concentration and inversely with body mass index. Respective 6MWD in males and females was 2 and approximately 4 SDs below expected. Low levels of physical activity were associated with poor physical performance and physical functioning, after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS In most participants with CKD, physical activity was considerably below recommended levels. Future studies are needed to determine whether increasing physical activity can improve physical performance and physical functioning.
Face Patch Resting State Networks Link Face Processing to Social Cognition

Faces transmit a wealth of social information. How this information is exchanged between face-processing centers and brain areas supporting social cognition remains largely unclear. Here we identify these routes using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in macaque monkeys. We find that face areas functionally connect to specific regions within frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices, as well as subcortical structures supporting emotive, mnemonic, and cognitive functions. This establishes the existence of an extended face-recognition system in the macaque. Furthermore, the face patch resting state networks and the default mode network in monkeys show a pattern of overlap akin to that between the social brain and the default mode network in humans: this overlap specifically includes the posterior superior temporal sulcus, medial parietal, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, areas supporting high-level social cognition in humans. Together, these results reveal the embedding of face areas into larger brain networks and suggest that the resting state networks of the face patch system offer a new, easily accessible venue into the functional organization of the social brain and into the evolution of possibly uniquely human social skills.
Some Results for Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets

Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs), originally proposed by Yager (Yager, Abbasov. Int J Intell Syst 2013;28:436–452), are a new tool to deal with vagueness considering the membership grades are pairs (μ,ν) satisfying the condition μ2+ν2≤1 . As a generalized set, PFSs have close relationship with intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). PFSs can be reduced to IFSs satisfying the condition μ+ν≤1 . However, the related operations of PFSs do not take different conditions into consideration. To better understand PFSs, we propose two operations: division and subtraction, and discuss their properties in detail. Then, based on Pythagorean fuzzy aggregation operators, their properties such as boundedness, idempotency, and monotonicity are investigated. Later, we develop a Pythagorean fuzzy superiority and inferiority ranking method to solve uncertainty multiple attribute group decision making problem. Finally, an illustrative example for evaluating the Internet stocks performance is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
Intraluteal Prostaglandin Biosynthesis and Signaling Are Selectively Directed Towards PGF2alpha During Luteolysis but Towards PGE2 During the Establishment of Pregnancy in Sheep1

ABSTRACT In ruminants, endometrial prostalgandin (PG) F2alpha causes functional luteolysis, whereas luteal synthesis of PGF2alpha is required for structural luteolysis. PGE2 is considered to be a luteoprotective mediator. Molecular aspects of luteal PGF2alpha and PGE2 biosynthesis and signaling during the estrous cycle and establishment of pregnancy are largely unknown. The objectives of the present study were 1) to determine the regulation of proteins involved in PGF2alpha and PGE2 biosynthesis, catabolism, transport and signaling in the corpus luteum (CL); 2) to investigate the transport of interferon tau (IFNT), PGF2alpha, and PGE2 from the uterus to the ovary through the vascular utero-ovarian plexus (UOP); and 3) to compare the intraluteal production of PGF2alpha and PGE2 on Days 12, 14, and 16 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy in sheep. Our results indicate that luteal PG biosynthesis is selectively directed towards PGF2alpha at the time of luteolysis and towards PGE2 during the establishment of pregnancy. Moreover, the ability of the CL of early pregnancy to resist luteolysis is due to increased intraluteal biosynthesis of PGE2 and PGE2 receptor (PTGER) 2 (also known as EP2)- and PTGER4 (also known as EP4)-mediated signaling. We also found that IFNT protein is not transported through the UOP from the uterus to the ovary; in contrast, a large proportion of endometrial PGE2 is transported from the uterus to the ovary through the UOP. These results indicate that endometrial PGE2 stimulated by pregnancy is transported locally to the ovary, which increases luteal PGE2 biosynthesis and hence activates luteal PTGER2 and PTGER4 signaling, thus protecting the CL during the establishment of pregnancy in sheep.
Rise and Fall of the Beringian Steppe Bison

The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.
Trafficking Properties of the D5 Dopamine Receptor

Dopamine receptors are important for diverse biological functions and are important pharmacological targets in human medicine. Signal transduction from the dopamine receptors is controlled at many levels, including by the process of receptor trafficking. Little is known regarding the endocytic and postendocytic trafficking properties of the D5 dopamine receptor. Here, we show that endocytosis of the D5 receptor can be achieved both homologously, through direct receptor activation by agonist, and also heterologously, due to independent activation of protein kinase C (PKC). In contrast, the D1 receptor is endocytosed only in response to agonist but not PKC activation. We have identified the residue in the third intracellular loop of the D5 receptor that is both necessary for PKC‐mediated endocytosis of the D5 receptor and sufficient to induce PKC‐mediated endocytosis when introduced to the D1 receptor. In addition, we show that endocytosis of D5 through both pathways is dependent on clathrin and dynamin but that only agonist‐induced endocytosis engages β‐arrestin 2. Together, these data show that the D5 receptor shows a trafficking profile distinct from that of any of the other dopamine receptors.