Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATES IN CHILDREN OF WESTERN RAJASTHAN 7-14 YEARS OF AGE

Background: A lot of age-specific variations in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) are expected in paediatrics age group compared to adults. Therefore availability of normal values for different age group is absolutely essential for logical interpretation of PEFR. Only few studies are available on ventilator functions for children of Western Rajasthan (a desert area) 7–14 years of Age. Method: One hundred and eighty-eight apparently healthy school children (112 Male, 76 Female) from age group 7–14 years were included in the study. PEFR was measured in L/min with a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter. Result: Positive correlation was seen between age, height, weight, Body surface area, and PEFR. The regression equations for PEFR were determined for boys and girls separately. The prediction equation for PEFR based on Weight was PEFR=71.519+weight×4.202 (for boys) PEFR=115.081+weight×1.406 (for girls). Predicted formulas obtained by regression equation for Age were: PEFR=27.442+Age×17.289 (for boys), PEFR=83.88+Age×7.399 (for girls). Predicted formulas obtained by regression equation for height were: PEFR= -166.592+Height×2.653 (for boys) PEFR= -50.24+Height×1.501 (for girls). Predicted formulas for PEFR obtained by regression equation for BSA were: PEFR=42.483+BSA×159.983 (for boys), PEFR=99.714+BSA×59.505 (for girls). In both male and female children, PEFR significantly increases (p<0.05) with height, weight, age, and Body Surface Area (BSA). Conclusion: PEFR is a reliable measurement, which can be used in desert areas of Western Rajasthan for assessment of airway obstruction. Prediction formula is derived for use in this population.
Hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes , part 1 : a syndrome of impaired awareness Hypoglycaemia

To keep in equilibrium’, one of the Oxford English Dictionary’s many definitions of balance, is a desirable target for any life, but has special meaning for the life of a person with diabetes. Achieving balance—between hypoand hyperglycaemia; between energy intake and energy consumption; between insulin action and insulin secretion; between attention to diabetes and attention to everything else—remains challenging, but progress has been made over the last three decades both A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. in our understanding of how nature achieves balance and in the tools we have to try to reproduce the actions of nature in disease states. In particular, the role of the brain in controlling diabetes, from glucose sensing to decision making, has been investigated. Physiological and neuro-imaging studies are finally being translated into patient benefit, with the aim of improving, as Dr Banting put it, the provision of ‘energy for the economic burdens of life’.
Kinematics of Signature Writing in Healthy Aging

Forensic document examiners (FDE) called upon to distinguish a genuine from a forged signature of an elderly person are often required to consider the question of age‐related deterioration and whether the available exemplars reliably capture the natural effects of aging of the original writer. An understanding of the statistical relationship between advanced age and handwriting movements can reduce the uncertainty that may exist in an examiner's approach to questioned signatures formed by elderly writers. The primary purpose of this study was to systematically examine age‐related changes in signature kinematics in healthy writers. Forty‐two healthy subjects between the ages of 60–91 years participated in this study. Signatures were recorded using a digitizing tablet, and commercial software was used to examine the temporal and spatial stroke kinematics and pen pressure. Results indicated that vertical stroke duration and dysfluency increased with age, whereas vertical stroke amplitude and velocity decreased with age. Pen pressure decreased with age. We found that a linear model characterized the best‐fit relationship between advanced age and handwriting movement parameters for signature formation. Male writers exhibited stronger age effects than female writers, especially for pen pressure and stroke dysfluency. The present study contributes to an understanding of how advanced age alters signature formation in otherwise healthy adults.
Relapsing and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: insights from pathology.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The predominant clinical disease course of multiple sclerosis starts with reversible episodes of neurological disability, which transforms into progressive neurological decline. This review provides insight into the pathological differences during relapsing and progressive phases of multiple sclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS The clinical course of multiple sclerosis is variable, and the disease can be classified into relapsing and progressive phases. Pathological studies have been successful in distinguishing between these two forms of the disease and correlate with the clinical findings in terms of cellular responses, the inflammatory environment, and the location of lesions. SUMMARY Available therapies for multiple sclerosis patients, while effective during the relapsing phase, have little benefit for progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Development of therapies to benefit progressive multiple sclerosis patients will require a better understanding of the pathogenesis of progressive multiple sclerosis. This review discusses and compares the pathological findings in relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis patients.
On subgroups of the additive group in differentially closed fields

Abstract In this paper we deal with the model theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic zero with finitely many commuting derivations. First we observe that the only known lower bound for the Lascar rank of types in differentially closed fields, announced in a paper of McGrail, is false. This gives us a new class of regular types which are orthogonal to fields. Then we classify the subgroups of the additive group of Lascar rank omega with differential-type 1 which are nonorthogonal to fields. The last parts consist of an analysis of the quotients of the heat variety. We show that the generic type of such a quotient is locally modular. Finally, we answer a question of Phylliss Cassidy about the existence of certain Jordan-Hölder type series in the negative.
Spiritual Transformation, Psychological Well-Being, Health, and Survival in People with HIV

Objectives: Although Spiritual Transformation (ST) occurs in a sizable proportion of people with HIV (about 39%), there is little research on the potential benefits of ST with respect to psychological well-being, health, and survival in this population. Our study attempts to fill this gap. Method: Using a mixed method approach, we related interviews of 147 people with HIV (identifying the presence/absence of ST) to questionnaires measuring demographics, medical history, treatment adherence, physical symptoms, and psychological well-being (i.e., stress, coping, life attitude, and spirituality), and assessments of CD4-counts and viral load and survival 3 to 5 years later. Results: At comparable times since HIV-diagnosis and antiretroviral medications prescribed, the presence of ST was significantly associated with better treatment success (undetectable viral loads, higher CD4 counts), better medication adherence, fewer symptoms, less distress, more positive coping, different life attitudes (i.e., existential transcendence, meaning/purpose in life, optimism, death acceptance), more spiritual practices, and increased spirituality. ST was also associated with substance-use recovery and with being African American. Survival up to 5 years was 5.35 times more likely among participants with ST (pf = .044). According to a Cox-regression adjusted for baseline CD4-counts, age, race-ethnicity, gender, education, years since HIV-diagnosis, and a history of substance-use problems, ST still reduced the risk of death (HR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01–0.53, p = .010). Conclusions: ST has associated benefits for psychological well-being, health, and survival.
Adult Scoliosis in Syringomyelia Associated with Chiari I Malformation

Study Design. In adult syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation, the spinal deformity, the configuration of cerebellar tonsillar descent, the configuration of syrinx, and the clinical evaluation before and after surgery were investigated. Objectives. To investigate the characteristics of the scoliosis in syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation. Summary of Background Data. In previous studies, the clinical characteristics of pediatric scoliosis associated with syringomyelia have been reported. Methods. In this study, 42 patients with syringomyelia were treated. All the patients were 20 years of age or older. They were divided into three groups: Group 1 comprising those without scoliosis, Group 2 composed of those with scoliosis of 10° or more but less than 20°, and Group 3 consisting of those with scoliosis of 20° or more. Investigations conducted with the three groups included determining the curve patterns of scoliosis, the degree of thoracic kyphosis, the configuration of cerebellar tonsillar descent, the configuration of syrinx, the morbidity period, and the clinical evaluation before and after surgery. Results. There were 12 patients in Group 1, 21 patients in Group 2, and 9 patients in Group 3. The concomitant rate of adult syringomyelia with scoliosis was 71.4%. As scoliosis advanced, the kyphotic angle also increased. The concordance in laterality between the cerebellar tonsil and curve convex was 70%. Findings showed that the more advanced the scoliosis was, the more aggravated the neurologic symptoms were, and the poorer the surgical outcomes tended to be. Conclusions. In adult syringomyelia with scoliosis, the morbidity period is long, the syrinx is long, the neurologic symptoms are aggravated, and the surgical outcomes tend to be poor.
Sentinel Node Tumor Burden According to the Rotterdam Criteria Is the Most Important Prognostic Factor for Survival in Melanoma Patients: A Multicenter Study in 388 Patients With Positive Sentinel Nodes

Summary Background Data:The more intensive sentinel node (SN) pathologic workup, the higher the SN-positivity rate. This is characterized by an increased detection of cases with minimal tumor burden (SUB-micrometastasis <0.1 mm), which represents different biology. Methods:The slides of positive SN from 3 major centers within the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Melanoma Group were reviewed and classified according to the Rotterdam Classification of SN Tumor Burden (<0.1 mm; 0.1–1 mm; >1 mm) maximum diameter of the largest metastasis. The predictive value for additional nodal metastases in the completion lymph node dissection (CLND) and disease outcome as disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was calculated. Results:In 388 SN positive patients, with primary melanoma, median Breslow thickness was 4.00 mm; ulceration was present in 56%. Forty patients (10%) had metastases <0.1 mm. Additional nodal positivity was found in only 1 of 40 patients (3%). At a mean follow-up of 41 months, estimated OS at 5 years was 91% for metastasis <0.1 mm, 61% for 0.1 to 1.0 mm, and 51% for >1.0 mm (P < 0.001). SN tumor burden increased significantly with tumor thickness. When the cut-off value for SUB-micrometastases was taken at <0.2 mm (such as in breast cancer), the survival was 89%, and 10% had additional non-SN nodal positivity. Conclusion:This large multicenter dataset establishes that patients with SUB-micrometastases <0.1 mm have the same prognosis as SN negative patients and can be spared a CLND. A <0.2 mm cut-off for SUB-micrometastases does not seem correct for melanoma, as 10% additional nodal positivity is found.
Placebo-controlled trial of local anaesthesia for treatment of pain after breast reconstruction

Breast reconstruction with submuscular tissue implants is associated with substantial postoperative pain. High pain scores despite large doses of opioids were described in earlier studies, which indicated that opioids alone or together with paracetamol are insufficient. In the present placebo-controlled study we aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of local anaesthesia as a supplement. Forty-three women who had previously been operated on for breast cancer and were listed for unilateral secondary breast reconstruction were assigned at random to one of two groups. The patients received 2.5 mg/ml levobupivacaine (Chirocaine®) 15 ml or placebo in a double-blind manner through an indwelling catheter in the operation site every three hours for 45 hours. All patients were given oral paracetamol 1 g x 4 orally and morphine intravenously as patient-controlled analgesia. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of the postoperative pain. Amount of morphine used was recorded. The women in the levobupivacaine group (n=21) reported significantly less pain at rest during the first 15 hours postoperatively (p<0.05). During mobilisation the intensity of pain was lower for the first six hours (p=0.01) and for the interval 18-24 hours (p=0.045) in the same group. Total mean (SD) consumption of opioids in the levobupivacaine and placebo groups was 24.6 mg (22.88) and 33.8 mg (30.82), respectively (p=0.28). After reconstruction, levobupivacaine injected locally every third hour as a supplement to paracetamol orally and morphine given by PCA resulted in improved pain relief at rest and during mobilisation. Morphine consumption was reduced, but this was not significant (p=0.28).
Infection, antibiotics, and atherothrombosis--end of the road or new beginnings?

Two large, high-quality, and convincingly negative clinical trials for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease,1,2 published in this issue of the Journal, raise questions as to whether we are at the end of the road or should move on to new beginnings as we explore the hypothesis that infection plays a role in atherosclerosis. Evidence that vascular inflammation is an important mechanism involved in all stages of atherogenesis continues to accumulate. Such evidence has legitimately raised the question of whether infection is one of the inflammatory stimuli that operate in the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis, either locally, within vascular .
Exploring a neuroplasticity model of music therapy.

BACKGROUND Given that music therapists work across a wide range of disabilities, it is important that therapists have at least a fundamental understanding of the neurophysiology associated with the client/patient populations that they serve. Yet, there is a large gap of evidence regarding the neurophysiological changes associated with applying music as therapy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to provide music therapists with a general background in neuroplasticity principles that can be applied to the use of music therapy with multiple populations. METHODS This article will review literature on neuroplasticity and literature supporting the specific attributes of music therapy that apply to neuroplasticity. Finally, examples of how to use neuroplasticity principles to explain and support clinical music therapy will be provided. RESULTS Using the material presented in this review, music therapists will be equipped with information to effectively communicate why music therapy works using three neuroplasticity principles; increase in dopamine, neural synchrony, and a clear signal. CONCLUSION Music therapy is a powerful tool to enhance neuroplasticity in the brain.
Quantitative Microplate Assay for Real-Time Nuclease Kinetics

Utilizing the phenomenon of nucleases exposing oligonucleotide phosphate backbones to phosphatases we present a novel quantitative method for kinetics of nuclease catalysis. Inorganic phosphate released from nuclease products by phosphatases could be quantified in real-time by a fluorescent sensor of inorganic phosphate. Two different nucleases were employed, showing the versatility of this assay for multiple turnover label-free nuclease studies.
Effects of Spacing between Items and View Direction on Errors in the Perceived Height of a Rotated 3-D Figure

This study investigated the errors in the perceived height of virtual cones presented on the screen. 80 students (50 women, 30 men; M age = 18.8yr., SD = 1.2 using a duodecimal system) participated in the study. They judged the height of virtual cones in several conditions: (a) different spaces between the items in the array (2, 4, and 6 cm); (b) different viewing directions – bottom-up or top-down; (c) cones presented in different forward-rotated angles (15, 30, and 45°). Results indicate that fewer errors in the perceived heights of virtual cones were made when: the space between items was 2 cm, judgment was made in a bottom-up view and at a 15° angle. These results may have implications for graphics-based interface design such as interior design, driver navigation systems, geological models, and flight-simulation systems.
Stapedial otosclerosis and fluorine in the drinking water.

THE purpose of this study was to determine if a significant difference existed between specified high- and low-fluoride drinking water areas in the incidence of stapedial otosclerosis, hearing losses of all types (including stapedial otosclerosis), and stapedial otosclerosis in proportion to the hearing losses of all types. Many studies have presented evidence as to the relationship of fluoride and dental health. Dental fluorosis, a condition of mottled enamel resulting from long-continued high intake of fluorine, was first reported by McKay and Black. 1 In contrast to the detrimental effects of fluoride in the drinking water are its beneficial effects with regard to the incidence of dental caries, 2-4 peridontal disease, 5 and malocclusion. 6 Fluoride ingestion, whether through the drinking water or through daily oral dosages, has been found to be beneficial in the prevention as well as control of certain bone diseases characterized by abnormal bone resorption. Leone 7
Will the real emotional intelligence please stand up? On deconstructing the emotional intelligence "debate"

Neal Ashkanasy and I (Catherine Daus) had the distinct “pleasure” of debating Ed Locke and Frank Landy on the construct of emotional intelligence at this past SIOP Annual Conference in Orlando. I, unintelligently (emotionally or otherwise! ), agreed to substitute for Peter Salovey who had professional commitments that precluded him from attending. Apart from the discomfort of being in Frank Landy’s direct line of fire (to which anyone who has had the privilege could certainly attest) and the sheer intimidation factor of standing and speaking to an audience of standing-room-only capacity (Neal calculated about 350+ people), I feel the experience was enlightening and valuable to me, as I learned what concerns academics in our field have with the construct of emotional intelligence. However, it was also quite frustrating as I feel that some academics in our field have a rather limited exposure and a very narrow-minded, unsubstantiated view of the construct. The primary arguments proffered by Landy and Locke can be captured in three broad points: 1. Emotional intelligence is little more than a loose conglomeration of extant personality traits. 2. Emotional intelligence does not meet psychometric standards. 3. Emotional intelligence has no clear measurement rubric—it changes all the time.
Penetration depth of focused beams in highly scattering media investigated with a numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations in two dimensions

Abstract. The propagation of different focused beams (e.g., Gaussian or quasi-Bessel beams) through scattering media is studied. The finite-difference time-domain method, a numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations, is applied to propagate the light beams in two dimensions. The focused beams are modeled by applying the angular spectrum of the plane waves method. The results show that weakly focused beams exhibit comparable performance to strongly focused beams in delivering focused light deep into scattering media.
Persistence of the single lineage of transmissible ‘social cancer’ in an asexual ant

How cooperation can arise and persist, given the threat of cheating phenotypes, is a central problem in evolutionary biology, but the actual significance of cheating in natural populations is still poorly understood. Theories of social evolution predict that cheater lineages are evolutionarily short‐lived. However, an exception comes from obligate socially parasitic species, some of which thought to have arisen as cheaters within cooperator colonies and then diverged through sympatric speciation. This process requires the cheater lineage to persist by avoiding rapid extinction that would result from the fact that the cheaters inflict fitness cost on their host. We examined whether this prerequisite is fulfilled, by estimating the persistence time of cheaters in a field population of the parthenogenetic ant Pristomyrmex punctatus. Population genetic analysis found that the cheaters belong to one monophyletic lineage which we infer has persisted for 200–9200 generations. We show that the cheaters migrate and are thus horizontally transmitted between colonies, a trait allowing the lineage to avoid rapid extinction with its host colony. Although horizontal transmission of disruptive cheaters has the potential to induce extinction of the entire population, such collapse is likely averted when there is spatially restricted migration in a structured population, a scenario that matches the observed isolation by distance pattern that we found. We compare our result with other examples of disruptive and horizontally transmissible cheater lineages in nature.
Automatic Differentiation of Anatomical Patterns in the Human Brain: Validation with Studies of Degenerative Dementias

We compared voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with independent accurate region-of-interest (ROI) measurements of temporal lobe structures in order to validate the usefulness of this fully automated and unbiased technique in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and semantic dementia (SD). In AD, ROI analyses appear more sensitive to volume loss in the amygdalae, whereas VBM analyses appear more sensitive to right middle temporal gyrus and regional hippocampal volume loss. In SD, ROI analyses appear more sensitive to left middle and inferior temporal gyrus volume loss, whereas VBM appears more sensitive to regional hippocampal volume loss. In addition the significance of volume reductions was generally less in VBM owing to more stringent corrections for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, the automated technique detects a general trend of atrophy similar to that of expertly labeled ROI measurements in AD and SD, although there are discrepancies in the ranking of severity and in the significance of volume reductions that are more marked in AD.
A pattern language for goals

Previous work has established the value of goal-oriented approaches to requirements engineering. Achieving clarity and agreement about stakeholders’ goals and assumptions is critical for building successful software systems and managing their subsequent evolution. In general, this decision-making process requires stakeholders to understand the implications of decisions outside the domains of their own expertise. Hence it is important to support goal negotiation and decision making with description languages that are both precise and expressive, yet easy to grasp. This paper presents work in progress to develop a pattern language for describing goal refinement graphs. The language has a simple graphical notation, which is supported by a prototype editor tool, and a symbolic notation based on modal logic.