Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of a Soybean Raffinose Synthase Gene with Low Raffinose and Stachyose Seed Phenotype

Oligosaccharides are an important component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] meal in terms of metabolizable energy for monogastric animals. Sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose are the three main oligosaccharides present in soybean meal. Of the three, only sucrose is nutritionally useful. When raffinose and stachyose are fermented by microbes present in the gut, the results are flatulence and discomfort, which ultimately lead to poor weight gain. The long term objective of this research is ultimately to increase the nutritional value of soybean meal by elevating the metabolizable energy at the expense of raffinose and stachyose through the manipulation of soybean raffinose synthase, the key enzyme for raffinose and stachyose biosynthesis. The objectives of this work were to develop molecular genetic information about soybean raffinose synthases and to evaluate the candidate raffinose synthase genes in a soybean germplasm accession (PI 200508) that contains low levels of raffinose and stachyose. Our results indicate the soybean genome contains at least two expressed genes similar to other characterized raffinose synthases. A novel allele of one of these putative soybean raffinose synthase genes was discovered from the PI 200508 that completely associates with the low raffinose and stachyose phenotype. Molecular marker assays specific for the PI 200508 allele were developed to allow direct selection for the low raffinose and low stachyose phenotype.
Cutoff estimates for the Becker-Döring equations

This paper continues the authors' previous study (SIAM J. Math. Anal., 2016) of the trend toward equilibrium of the Becker-D\"oring equations with subcritical mass, by characterizing certain fine properties of solutions to the linearized equation. In particular, we partially characterize the spectrum of the linearized operator, showing that it contains the entire imaginary axis in polynomially weighted spaces. Moreover, we prove detailed cutoff estimates that establish upper and lower bounds on the lifetime of a class of perturbations to equilibrium.
Neural Models for Documents with Metadata

Most real-world document collections involve various types of metadata, such as author, source, and date, and yet the most commonly-used approaches to modeling text corpora ignore this information. While specialized models have been developed for particular applications, few are widely used in practice, as customization typically requires derivation of a custom inference algorithm. In this paper, we build on recent advances in variational inference methods and propose a general neural framework, based on topic models, to enable flexible incorporation of metadata and allow for rapid exploration of alternative models. Our approach achieves strong performance, with a manageable tradeoff between perplexity, coherence, and sparsity. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of our framework through an exploration of a corpus of articles about US immigration.
– FORTHCOMING in Advances in Econometrics (vol 31) – PARTIAL IDENTIFICATION IN TWO-SIDED MATCHING MODELS

In this paper we propose a methodology for estimating preference parameters in matching models. Our estimator applies to repeated observations of matchings among a fixed group of individuals, which is a similar data structure as in Fox (2010). Our estimator is based on stability conditions in the matching models; we consider both transferable (TU) and non-transferable utility (NTU) models. In both cases, the stability conditions yield moment inequalities which can be taken to the data. The preference parameters are partially identified. We consider simple illustrative examples, and also an empirical application to aggregate marriage markets.
A Study on Antibiotics Prescribing Pattern at Outpatient Department in Four Hospitals in Aden-Yemen

Objective: The study was to investigate antibiotic prescription patterns at outpatient departments (OPDs) at four hospitals in Aden-Yemen. Settings and Design: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the four hospitals in different areas of Aden city, the commercial capital of Yemen, from November 2015 through December 2015. WHO indicators were chosen. The study sampled the prescriptions conveniently. The data collection form used include Core Indicators and Complimentary Indicators of WHO such as average number of medicines per encounter, percentage of medicines prescribed by generic name, percentage of medicines prescribed from the EML and percentage of prescriptions in accordance with treatment guidelines. Data was analysed descriptively. Results: Out of the 400 prescriptions received from the outpatient clinics in the four hospitals during the study period, 337 antibiotic prescriptions were counted for. The percentage of prescriptions involving antibiotics was 84.2%. The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.2. Out of the surveyed antibiotic prescriptions, 65% contain one antibiotic and more than one-third were in the cephalosporin group (38.8%). Generally, 41% of the prescriptions were generic, furthermore, 44.8% of the prescribed medicines across all hospitals were from the EML. Conclusion: Important number of the prescribing indicators showed deviation from the standard values recommended by WHO. This deviation indicated an obvious degree of irrational/inappropriate prescribing in the hospitals, particularly poly pharmacy, underuse of international nonproprietary names (generic names), and over prescription of antibiotics. The study recommended to more adherence to WHO antibiotic prescribing guidelines and improving knowledge of proper and good prescribing procedure among health system prescribers. Key words: Antibiotics, Hospital, Prescribing pattern, WHO indicators, Yemen.
Relationships can drive some to drink

How much and why individuals in romantic relationships drink alcohol may be a function of both personal and relational influences. The current research examined factors that predict vulnerability to health-related risky behavior (i.e., drinking to cope and drinking problems) in response to relationship difficulties. We consider the possibility that for individuals whose self-worth is contingently tied to the fluctuations of their relationship, feeling less satisfied may predict increased drinking problems; moreover, this may be mediated by drinking to cope. This study evaluated relationship-contingent self-esteem (RCSE) as a moderator of the association between relationship satisfaction and coping motives, which was expected to predict alcohol problems in couples. Both members in committed relationships (N = 78 dyads) reported relationship satisfaction, RCSE, drinking to cope motives, and alcohol problems in a cross-sectional survey. Actor–Partner Interdependence Model analyses revealed significant mediated moderation among men, such that higher RCSE interacted with lower relationship satisfaction to predict stronger coping motives, in turn predicting increased drinking problems. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Women’s empowerment and economic collaboration in rural Pakistan

Collaborating among smallholder farm households, such as through marketing groups, is a wellestablished strategy for improving livelihoods. While the potential benefits are well known, so too are the potential challenges. One particular challenge is farm households in strongly familist, patriarchal societies such as rural Pakistan being unwilling or unable to collaborate with other households outside the family. In such societies, women may be more amenable to such collaborations than men. This paper uses data from a household survey in rural Pakistan to test the potential for collaboration among households in rural Pakistan and concludes that in households where women are empowered in household decision-making, the potential for collaboration with other households is significantly enhanced.
Complex Comorbidity of Substance Use Disorders with Anxiety Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment

Substance use disorders is a worldwide public health problem that commonly ocur together with our psychiatric and medical disorders. Along with etiologic origins, prognosis of anxiety disorders intercepts with substance use disorders. Due to overlapping symptoms and complaints, it is always difficult for clinicians to recognise these disorders separately. In addition, selecting the best treatment approach is challenging because of the relative risk for developing anxiety disorders in substance use patients or vice versa. In this chapter, authors are focused on adding new aspects to the clinicians for evaluating, treating and fol- lowing patients with comorbid substance use disorder and anxiety disorder. mechanisms of comorbidity, the of comorbidity is generally associated with worsened prognosis, poor treatment outcomes, medication and lower treatment compliance.
ESTIMATES FOR UNIMODULAR FOURIER MULTIPLIERS ON MODULATION SPACES

We study the action on modulation spaces of Fourier multipliers with symbols e^iμ(ξ), for real-valued functions μ having unbounded second derivatives. In a simplified form our result reads as follows: if μ satisfies the usual symbol estimates of order α ≥ 2, or if μ is a positively homogeneous function of degree α, then the corresponding Fourier multiplier is bounded as an operator between the weighted modulation spaces M^{p,q}_s and M^{p,q}, for all 1 ≤ p, q ≤ ∞ and s ≥ (α − 2)n|1/p − 1/2|. Here s represents the loss of derivatives. The above threshold is shown to be sharp for any homogeneous function μ whose Hessian matrix is non-degenerate at some point
ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES

There are three tables for this electrochemical series. Each table lists standard reduction potentials, E° values, at 298.15 K (25 °C), and at a pressure of 101.325 kPa (1 atm). Table 1 is an alphabetical listing of the elements, according to the symbol of the elements. Thus, data for silver (Ag) precede those for aluminum (Al). Table 2 lists only those reduction reactions that have E° values positive in respect to the standard hydrogen electrode. In Table 2, the reactions are listed in the order of increasing positive potential, and they range from 0.0000 V to + 3.4 V. Table 3 lists only those reduction potentials which have E° negative with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode. In Table 3, the reactions are listed in the order of decreasing potential and range from 0.0000 V to –4.10 V. The reliability of the potentials is not the same for all the data. Typically, the values with fewer significant figures have lower reliability. The values of reduction potentials, in particular those of less common reactions, are not definite; they are subject to occasional revisions. Abbreviations: ac = acetate; bipy = 2,2 ́-dipyridine, or bipyridine; en = ethylenediamine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF CYLINDRICAL CAVITY EXPANSION IN SANDS: EFFECTS OF FAILURE CRITERIA AND FLOW RULES By BRENTON RYAN COOK A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

by Brenton Ryan Cook, M.S. Washington State University December 2010 Chair: Balasingam Muhunthan Cavity expansion in soil is an important area of interest within the field of geotechnical engineering. Detailed understanding of this boundary value problem would allow engineers to better interpret in-situ test data from devices such as the pressuremeter and the cone penetrometer. Cavity expansion theory can also be extended to important and complex design problems commonly encountered in practice such as driven/cast in place lateral pile capacities, in addition to applications for tunneling. Early research into cavity expansion in soils involved developing closed form solutions for clays assuming linear elastic, perfectly plastic behavior. Later, rigorous analytical solutions for the cavity expansion problem were introduced which made a concerted effort to capture the effects of confinement pressure and density to characterize the behavior of sands. More recently, finite difference models have been presented that are more versatile for conducting studies on the influence of various parameters on cavity expansion. A recent finite difference model proposed by researchers from Purdue University discretized the plastic region around an expanding cavity into thin shell elements. Iterations across each shell were carried out using an empirical friction angle relation in conjunction with a flow rule and failure criterion. Recognizing that there exist numerous friction angle models, flow rules and failure criteria, it is of interest to investigate how their combinations influence results when implemented into a cavity expansion analysis.
Is individualized therapy the future of lupus treatment

The main goal of therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus is to achieve remission, as this has a major impact on patient and renal survival. Furthermore, early treatment success has been shown to improve long-term prognosis. Treatment has traditionally followed a standardized schematic therapy. However, studies have shown that treatment response may depend on age, gender, ethnicity and other genetic factors. In addition, data show that mycophenolate mofetil is effective in the treatment of lupus nephritis, and research focusing on the pathogenesis of lupus is ongoing with emerging treatment targets. Thus, the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and, in particular, lupus nephritis, is evolving from standardized therapy to an individualized therapeutic approach based on analysis of organ involvement, the patient’s background, risk factors and, possibly, cytokine, antibody or cell profiles.
Effect of sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate supplementation on lactation performance, blood-biochemical profile, and economic efficacy of mid-lactation Holstein cows

Objective This study was done to evaluate the effect of sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) supplementation in a total mixed ration (TMR) on the lactation performance, blood parameters, and economic efficacy of mid-lactation Holstein cows. Methods Twenty-four cows (body weight 647±11.7 kg) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with six cows per group. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (CON); CON+17.5 g of top dressed SSL (treatment [TRT] 0.05); CON+35 g of SSL (TRT 0.1); and CON+70 g of SSL (TRT 0.2) per 35 kg TMR. Results The highest level of SSL supplementation (TRT 0.2) significantly improved milk yield during the second period compared to the TRT 0.05 group (5 to 8 wks; 33.28 vs 31.09 kg/d), during the third period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (9 to 13 wks; 32.59 vs 30.64 and 30.01 kg/d) and during the overall experimental period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (1 to 13 wks; 33.43 vs 32.06 and 31.40 kg/d), respectively. No negative effects on hematological or biochemical parameters were observed due to SSL supplementation. Considering both the milk fat and protein content, the total milk price was set at 1,073.60 (TRT 0.05), 1,085.60 (TRT 0.1), 1,086.10 (TRT 0.2), and 1,064.20 (CON) won/L, with consequent total milk profits of −1.7%, 5.4%, and 3.5% for the TRT 0.05, TRT 0.1, and TRT 0.2 diet, respectively, compared to those in the CON diet. Conclusion The milk sales revenue related to SSL supplementation of the TRT 0.1 diet was increased by up to 5.4% compared to the milk sales revenue of the CON diet. Therefore, 0.1% SSL supplementation might be effective and profitable during the mid-lactation period of cows, without producing adverse effects.
Community-Dwelling People Living With Dementia and Their Family Caregivers Experience Enhanced Relationships and Feelings of Well-Being Following Therapeutic Group Singing: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis

The progression of dementia can severely compromise interpersonal connection and relationship quality between people living with dementia (PwD) and their family caregivers (FCG), leading to social isolation and poor quality of life for both. Therapeutic group singing (TGS) is a socially engaging, stimulating, and supportive pursuit that community-dwelling PwD and their FCG can participate in together. This study aimed to build on the findings from previous research by undertaking a thematic analysis of interviews with nine PwD (five women, four men; mean age = 79.1 years) and nine FCG (five women, four men; mean age = 75.7 years). The interviews explored participants’ perspectives and experiences of a 20-week TGS intervention, underpinned by Kitwood’s model of person-centered care. Inductive thematic analysis resulted in the emergence of five themes which described how TGS for PwD and their FCG: (1) included supportive therapeutic facilitation and design features; (2) made group singing more accessible; (3) fostered new empathic friendships; (4) enhanced relationships between PwD and FCG; and (5) led to personal feelings of wellbeing for both PwD and FCG. Affinity with others who had similar life experiences and challenges created a sense of mutual understanding and camaraderie, which made group singing accessible without fear of judgment and social stigmas. For some PwD/FCG dyads, TGS meant they could continue a lifelong passion for singing together, while others enjoyed participating in singing together for the first time. Both PwD and FCG participants described personal feelings of acceptance, improved social confidence, mood, and purpose. Further, participants valued mental stimulation from TGS such as learning new skills and memory support. A model explaining relationships between themes suggests that TGS with person-centered facilitation features for PwD/FCG dyads led to affinity among group members with ripple effects, which enhanced accessibility to group singing, the formation of empathic friendships, PwD/FCG relationship quality, and personal wellbeing for both PwD and FCG. Psychoemotional, social and cognitive benefits from TGS described by participants in this study are known to promote self-identity, healthy relationships, and quality of life. This research highlights a need for improved availability of TGS for community-dwelling PwD/FCG dyads.
Entropic Latent Variable Discovery

We consider the problem of discovering the simplest latent variable that can make two observed discrete variables conditionally independent. This problem has appeared in the literature as probabilistic latent semantic analysis (pLSA), and has connections to non-negative matrix factorization. When the simplicity of the variable is measured through its cardinality, we show that a solution to this latent variable discovery problem can be used to distinguish direct causal relations from spurious correlations among almost all joint distributions on simple causal graphs with two observed variables. Conjecturing a similar identifiability result holds with Shannon entropy, we study a loss function that trades-off between entropy of the latent variable and the conditional mutual information of the observed variables. We then propose a latent variable discovery algorithm -- LatentSearch -- and show that its stationary points are the stationary points of our loss function. We experimentally show that LatentSearch can indeed be used to distinguish direct causal relations from spurious correlations.
Rates of abstinence following psychological or behavioral treatments for binge‐eating disorder: Meta‐analysis

OBJECTIVE Standardized effect sizes reported in previous meta-analyses of binge-eating disorder (BED) treatment are sometimes difficult to interpret and are criticized for not being a useful indicator of the clinical importance of a treatment. Abstinence from binge eating is a clinically relevant component of a definition of a successful treatment outcome. This meta-analysis estimated the prevalence of patients with BED who achieved binge eating abstinence following psychological or behavioral treatments. METHOD This meta-analysis included 39 randomized controlled trials, with 65 treatment conditions and 2,349 patients. Most conditions comprised cognitive-behavioral therapy (n = 40). Pooled event rates were calculated at posttreatment and follow-up using random effects models. RESULTS The total weighted percentage of treatment-completers who achieved abstinence at posttreatment was 50.9% (95% CI = 43.9, 57.8); this estimate was almost identical at follow-up (50.3%; 95% CI = 43.6, 56.9). The total weighted percentage of patients who achieved abstinence at posttreatment in the intention-to-treat analysis (all randomized patients) was 45.1% (95% CI =40.7, 49.5), and at follow-up it was 42.3% (95% CI =37.5, 47.2). Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) produced the highest abstinence rates. Clinician-led group treatments produced significantly higher posttreatment (but not follow-up) abstinence estimates than guided self-help treatments. Neither timeframe for achieving abstinence, assessment type (interview/questionnaire), number of treatment sessions, patient demographics, nor trial quality, moderated the abstinence estimates. DISCUSSION The present findings demonstrate that 50% of patients with BED do not fully respond to treatment. Continued efforts toward improving eating disorder treatments are needed.
A general metric for identifying adversarial images

It is well known that a determined adversary can fool a neural network by making imperceptible adversarial perturbations to an image. Recent studies have shown that these perturbations can be detected even without information about the neural network if the strategy taken by the adversary is known beforehand. Unfortunately, these studies suffer from the generalization limitation -- the detection method has to be recalibrated every time the adversary changes his strategy. In this study, we attempt to overcome the generalization limitation by deriving a metric which reliably identifies adversarial images even when the approach taken by the adversary is unknown. Our metric leverages key differences between the spectra of clean and adversarial images when an image is treated as a matrix. Our metric is able to detect adversarial images across different datasets and attack strategies without any additional re-calibration. In addition, our approach provides geometric insights into several unanswered questions about adversarial perturbations.