Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of clinical profile of malaria in a tertiary referral centre in South Canara.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The incidence of malaria is on the raise in South Canara district of Karnataka in the recent years and there is not much information on malaria from this region. This study was undertaken to analyse and introspect the presentation of this disease in a tertiary referral centre. METHODS This retrospective case analysis was done on patients over the age group of 15 yr admitted with diagnosis of malaria to the Medical Department in this tertiary health institution situated in South Canara. The outpatient and inpatient records from September 2002 to August 2004 were retrieved and scrutinised using a prepared case sheet performa on the basis of patient's demographic profile, clinical findings, investigations, treatment and complications. RESULTS A total of 314 patients were diagnosed and treated for malaria, of them 124 were treated as outpatients and 190 cases were managed as inpatients. Males (81%) outnumbered females (19%) and many were within the age group of 21-30 yr. The incidence of malaria increased from the month of June onwards coinciding the monsoon season. Plasmodium vivax was the major parasite type (52.54%), followed by P. falciparum (33.75%), mixed malarial infection (13.69%) and most of them received combination therapy. Hepatopathy was the most common complication and all the deaths were due to cerebral malaria. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Malaria is responsible for major health concern in this region, particularly in rainy season and is found to affect comparatively the younger adult population. P. vivax was the major parasite type causing malaria and most of the complications were due to P. falciparum.
“The Rock Always Comes First”: Drug Users' Accounts About Using Formal Health Care

Abstract Illicit drug use remains a significant public health threat. The issues surrounding drug use are recognized by public health professionals as important for several reasons. The incidence and prevalence of drug use persists in spite of the extensive societal, interpersonal, and individual consequences. In addition, the chronic health issues and health care costs associated with drug use continue to spiral. A wide variety of quantitative studies have examined the extent of health care problems, access, cost, and health care satisfaction among illicit drug users. While these studies offer important information through survey formats, fewer studies focus on subjective constructions of health care management from the users' perspective. This article examines the elements of the decision-making process involved in accessing formal health care among chronic and injecting street drug users. Twenty-eight in-depth interviews provide the data for this analysis, which is part of a large quantitative study of 1,479 injecting and chronic drug users and nondrug users in Miami, Florida. By exploring the elements of health care access through the eyes of the drug users, researchers and treatment professionals may gain insights into new ways to improve health care access for this atrisk population.
Controlled ecological evaluation of an implemented exercise training programme to prevent lower limb injuries in sport: differences in implementation activity

Objective The public health benefits of injury prevention programmes are maximised when programmes are widely adopted and adhered to. Therefore, these programmes require appropriate implementation support. This study evaluated implementation activity outcomes associated with the implementation of FootyFirst, an exercise training injury prevention programme for community Australian football, both with (FootyFirst+S) and without (FootyFirst+NS) implementation support. Method An evaluation plan based on the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) Sports Setting Matrix was applied in a controlled ecological evaluation of the implementation of FootyFirst. RE-AIM dimension-specific (range: 0–2) and total RE-AIM scores (range: 0–10) were derived by triangulating data from a number of sources (including surveys, interviews, direct observations and notes) describing FootyFirst implementation activities. The mean dimension-specific and total scores were compared for clubs in regions receiving FootyFirst+S and FootyFirst+NS, through analysis of variance. Results The mean total RE-AIM score forclubs in the FootyFirst+S regions was 2.4 times higher than for clubs in the FootyFirst+NS region (4.73 vs 1.94; 95% CI for the difference: 1.64 to 3.74). Similarly, all dimension-specific scores were significantly higher for clubs in the FootyFirst+S regions compared with clubs in the FootyFirst+NS region. In all regions, the dimension-specific scores were highest for reach and adoption, and lowest for implementation. Conclusion Implementing exercise training injury prevention programmes in community sport is challenging. Delivering programme content supported by a context-specific and evidence-informed implementation plan leads to greater implementation activity, which is an important precursor to injury reductions.
Mood and Anxiety Disorders and the Use of Services and Psychotropic Medication in an Immigrant Population: Findings from the Israel National Health Survey

Objective: Using the Israel National Health Survey (INHS), we compared immigrants' 12-month prevalence of mental disorders and the use of services and psychotropic drugs with that of the general population. Methods: A representative sample of noninstitutionalized residents, aged 21 years and older, was drawn from the National Population Register. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) disorders were assessed using a revised version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Respondents were asked to report any health service and psychotropic drug use in the past 12 months. Results: During the 12 months preceding the INHS, immigrants and Israelis (that is, those born in Israel or those who emigrated to Israel before 1989) were equally likely to have a common mental disorder (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.7 to 1.1) and to use health services (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.7 to 1.2). However, among respondents who did not meet the DSM-IV criteria for a specific mental disorder, the immigrants reported markedly more use of psychotropic drugs than the Israelis, in particular more anxiolytics, mood stabilizers, and hypnotics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the common mental disorders and mental health service use among the immigrants are no higher than that among their Israeli counterparts. The higher use of psychotropic drugs by immigrants may be an indirect indicator of a higher level of psychological distress symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.
Function and importance of p63 in normal oral mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is the 6th most common malignancy worldwide with a 5-year survival that has not improved over the last 20-25 years. Factors of prognostic significance for this tumour type include the presence of regional lymph node metastasis and amplification of chromosome 3q21-29, where the p63 gene is located. This gene encodes 6 proteins and is crucial for formation of the oral mucosa, teeth, salivary glands and skin. Each of the 6 different p63 proteins has different characteristics and functions, where some resemble the tumour suppressor protein p53, whilst others have functions that oppose p53. METHODS To understand the function and importance of p63 in oral mucosa and tumour development we have studied protein as well as mRNA expression in normal oral mucosa and tumours. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Expression of p63 proteins differs between the cell layers in normal oral mucosa, and primary HNSCC has a high expression level of p63 isoforms normally expressed in basal cells. Data suggest that p63 expression in HNSCC influences tumour cell differentiation.
Outbreak of Ceftazidime-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Pediatric Hospital in Warsaw, Poland: Clonal Spread of the TEM-47 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Strain and Transfer of a Plasmid Carrying the SHV-5-Like ESBL-Encoding Gene

ABSTRACT In 1996 a large, 300-bed pediatric hospital in Warsaw, Poland, started a program of monitoring infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing microorganisms. Over the first 3-month period eight Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified as being resistant to ceftazidime. Six of these were found to produce the TEM-47 ESBL, which we first described in a K. pneumoniae strain recovered a year before in a pediatric hospital in Łódź, Poland, which is 140 km from Warsaw. Typing results revealed a very close relatedness among all these isolates, which suggested that the clonal outbreak in Warsaw was caused by a strain possibly imported from Łódź. The remaining two isolates expressed the SHV-5-like ESBL, which resulted from the horizontal transfer of a plasmid carrying theblaSHV gene between nonrelated strains. The data presented here exemplify the complexity of the epidemiological situation concerning ESBL producers typical for large Polish hospitals, in which no ESBL-monitoring programs were in place prior to 1995.
Subcortical Mechanisms in Language: Lexical–Semantic Mechanisms and the Thalamus

Four previously published cases of dominant thalamic lesion in which the author has participated are reviewed to gain a better understanding of thalamic participation in lexical-semantic functions. Naming deficits in two cases support Nadeau and Crosson's (1997) hypothesis of a selective engagement mechanism involving the frontal lobes, inferior thalamic peduncle, nucleus reticularis, and other thalamic nuclei, possibly the centromedian nucleus. This mechanism selectively engages those cortical areas required to perform a cognitive task, while maintaining other areas in a state of relative disengagement. Deficits in selective engagement disproportionately affect lexical retrieval based on semantic input, as opposed to lexical and sublexical processes, because the former is more dependent upon this attentional system. The concept of selective engagement is also useful in understanding thalamic participation in working memory, as supported by data from one recent functional neuroimaging study. Other processes also may be compromised in more posterior thalamic lesions which damage the pulvinar but not other components of this selective engagement system. A third case with aphasia after a more superior and posterior thalamic lesion also had oral reading errors similar to those in neglect dyslexia. The pattern of deficits suggested a visual processing problem in the early stages of reading. The fourth case had a category-specific naming deficit after posterior thalamic lesion. Taken together, the latter two cases indicate that the nature of language functions in more posterior regions of the dominant thalamus depends upon the cortical connectivity of the thalamic region. Together, findings from the four cases suggest that thalamic nuclei and systems are involved in multiple processes which directly or indirectly support cortical language functions.
Relative contribution of simple mutations vs. copy number variations in five Parkinson disease genes in the Belgian population

The relative contribution of simple mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) in SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, PARK7, and LRRK2 to the genetic etiology of Parkinson disease (PD) is still unclear because most studies did not completely analyze each gene. In a large group of Belgian PD patients (N=310) and control individuals (N=270), we determined the mutation frequency of both simple mutations and CNVs in these five PD genes, using direct sequencing, multiplex amplicon quantification (MAQ), and real‐time PCR assays. Overall, we identified 14 novel heterozygous variants, of which 11 were absent in control individuals. We observed eight PARK2 (multiple) exon multiplications in PD patients and one exon deletion in a control individual. Furthermore, we identified one SNCA whole‐gene duplication. The PARK2 and LRRK2 mutation frequencies in Belgian PD patients were similar to those reported in other studies. However, at this stage the true pathogenic nature of some heterozygous mutations in recessive genes remains elusive. Furthermore, though mutations is SNCA, PINK1, and PARK7 are rare, our identification of a SNCA duplication confirmed that screening of these genes remains meaningful. Hum Mutat 30:1–8, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
User-perceived utility of the Daily Experiences of Pleasure, Productivity, and Restoration Profile

Background. Awareness of the relationship between everyday occupations and subjective experience could help clients make changes that promote health. Purpose. This study evaluated user-perceived utility of the Daily Experiences of Pleasure, Productivity, and Restoration Profile (PPR Profile), a time-use survey designed to uncover users’ experiences of pleasure, productivity, and restoration and to promote awareness of how these experiences are related to daily occupations. Method. Eighteen participants completed the PPR Profile on 2 days within 1 week and were subsequently interviewed. Content analysis was used to uncover themes. Findings. Analysis revealed that completion of the PPR Profile requires time and energy, completion more than once is useful, and the PPR Profile contributes to awareness. Four subthemes of awareness were identified: awareness of the here and now, insights into one’s occupations, context matters, and what is and what might be. Implications. Results support the utility of the PPR Profile to promote users’ awareness of their occupations and related subjective experiences. This awareness may encourage positive change. Further research is recommended to continue to evaluate the PPR Profile’s clinical utility.
Increased melanizing activity in Anopheles gambiae does not affect development of Plasmodium falciparum

Serpins are central to the modulation of various innate immune responses in insects and are suspected to influence the outcome of malaria parasite infection in mosquito vectors. Three Anopheles gambiae serpins (SRPN1, -2, and -3) were tested for their ability to inhibit the prophenoloxidase cascade, a key regulatory process in the melanization response. Recombinant SRPN1 and -2 can bind and inhibit a heterologous phenoloxidase-activating protease and inhibit phenoloxidase activation in vitro. Using a reverse genetics approach, we studied the effect of SRPN2 on melanization in An. gambiae adult females in vivo. Depletion of SRPN2 from the mosquito hemolymph increases melanin deposition on foreign surfaces such as negatively charged Sephadex beads. As reported, the knockdown of SRPN2 adversely affects the ability of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei to invade the midgut epithelium and develop into oocysts. Importantly, we tested whether the absence of SRPN2 from the hemolymph influences Plasmodium falciparum development. RNAi silencing of SRPN2 in an An. gambiae strain originally established from local populations in Yaoundé, Cameroon, did not influence the development of autochthonous field isolates of P. falciparum. This study suggests immune evasion strategies of the human malaria parasite and emphasizes the need to study mosquito innate immune responses toward the pathogens they transmit in natural vector–parasite combinations.
What you can cram into a single $&!#* vector: Probing sentence embeddings for linguistic properties

Although much effort has recently been devoted to training high-quality sentence embeddings, we still have a poor understanding of what they are capturing. “Downstream” tasks, often based on sentence classification, are commonly used to evaluate the quality of sentence representations. The complexity of the tasks makes it however difficult to infer what kind of information is present in the representations. We introduce here 10 probing tasks designed to capture simple linguistic features of sentences, and we use them to study embeddings generated by three different encoders trained in eight distinct ways, uncovering intriguing properties of both encoders and training methods.
Epidemiology and symptoms of red eyes in patients from Northern Iran

Aim: We aimed to determine the epidemiology and symptoms of red eyes in patients from Northern Iran. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was planned involving 840 patients referred to the eye clinic of Bu-Ali Sina hospital in Sari, Iran, with the chief complaint of eye redness. Results: Of 840 patients, 525 were men (62.5%) and 315 were women (37.5%). Most of the patients were over 39 years of age. 55.7 percentage of them lived in cities and 44% were from villages. The most common eye symptoms with eye redness were: Eye abrasion (57%), tears in eyes (49%) and swollen eye lid (30%). Red eyes without any symptoms in eyes were diagnosed as runny nose (4.2%) and headaches (3.4%). 11.9% and 19.6% of the patients had a previous history of red eye and had visited doctors for red eyes respectively. Conclusions: Red eyes are more common in men than women. Introducing dangerous causes of red eyes in the future can help to health care professional to on time diagnosis of red eyes related problems.
Comparative symbiotic plasmid analysis indicates that symbiosis gene ancestor type affects plasmid genetic evolution

Rhizobial symbiotic plasmids play vital roles in mutualistic symbiosis with legume plants by executing the functions of nodulation and nitrogen fixation. To explore the gene composition and genetic constitution of rhizobial symbiotic plasmids, comparison analyses of 24 rhizobial symbiotic plasmids derived from four rhizobial genera was carried out. Results illustrated that rhizobial symbiotic plasmids had higher proportion of functional genes participating in amino acid transport and metabolism, replication; recombination and repair; carbohydrate transport and metabolism; energy production and conversion and transcription. Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 symbiotic plasmid ‐ pM0123d had similar gene composition with pR899b and pSNGR234a. All symbiotic plasmids shared 13 orthologous genes, including five nod and eight nif/fix genes which participate in the rhizobia‐legume symbiosis process. These plasmids contained nod genes from four ancestors and fix genes from six ancestors. The ancestral type of pM0123d nod genes was similar with that of Rhizobium etli plasmids, while the ancestral type of pM0123d fix genes was same as that of pM7653Rb. The phylogenetic trees constructed based on nodCIJ and fixABC displayed different topological structures mainly due to nodCIJ and fixABC ancestral type discordance. The study presents valuable insights into mosaic structures and the evolution of rhizobial symbiotic plasmids.
Financing Acquisitions with Earnouts

We present evidence that earnout agreements in acquisition contracts provide a substantial source of financing for acquirers. Acquirers in transactions with earnouts are significantly more likely to be financially constrained, face tighter credit market conditions, and use less debt and equity to fund acquisitions. Financially constrained acquirers also book lower fair values for the contingent claim. Earnout use is more likely in transactions that involve liquid sellers, and earnout bids garner higher transaction valuation multiples. Overall, the evidence suggests that earnouts are an economically material and increasingly common source of acquisition financing for acquirers with limited access to external capital.
Analyses of functional domains within the PF6 protein of the central apparatus reveal a role for PF6 sub‐complex members in regulating flagellar beat frequency

Numerous studies have indicated that each of the seven projections associated with the central pair of microtubules plays a distinct role in regulating eukaryotic ciliary/flagellar motility. Mutants which lack specific projections have distinct motility phenotypes. For example, Chlamydomonas pf6 mutants lack the C1a projection and have twitchy, non‐beating flagella. The C1a projection is a complex of proteins including PF6, C1a‐86, C1a‐34, C1a‐32, C1a‐18, and calmodulin. To define functional domains within PF6 and to potentially assign functions to specific C1a components, we generated deletion constructs of the PF6 gene and tested for their ability to assemble and rescue motility upon transformation of mutant pf6 cells. Our results demonstrate that domains near the carboxyl‐terminus of PF6 are essential for motility and/or assembly of the projection. The amino terminal half of PF6 is not required for C1a assembly; however, this region is important for stability of the C1a‐34, C1a‐32, and C1a‐18 sub‐complex and wild‐type beat frequency. Analysis of double mutants lacking the amino terminus of PF6 and outer dynein arms reveal that C1a may play a role in modulating both inner and outer dynein arm activity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Stabilized Neighborhood Optimization based Distributed Model Predictive Control for distributed system

A class of large scale systems, which is naturally divided into many small interacting subsystems with constraints, are usually controlled by a distributed or decentralized control framework. Distributed Model Predictive Control (DMPC), in which each subsystem is controlled by a Model Predictive Control (MPC), is a method of choice in the venues of explicitly accommodating constraints, less computational cost and high flexibility. The stability and global performance improvement are the difficulties of DMPC. As an extend of previous work of Neighborhood Optimization based distributed MPC (NO-DMPC), a stabilized NO-DMPC (SNO-DMPC) is proposed. In each subsystem-based MPC, not only the performance of itself but also the performance of its' neighbors are taken as cost function to improve the dynamic performance of entire system with less communication and computational cost. The consistency and stabilization constraints, as will as the bound of them are designed and the dual mode strategy is adopted to guarantee the closed-loop system stabilization. Provided an initially feasible solution can be found, subsequent feasibility of the algorithm is guaranteed at every update, and the asymptotic stabilization is established.
Problems in the zoogeography of Pacific and Antarctic insects

Insects have been the most successful animals in colonizing isolated islands. Only lands snails approach insects in the degree to which they have occupied islands and speciated there. Abundant evidence shows that many islands have arisen directly from the ocean bottom and were never connected with continents. It is also clear that some ancient islands have existed which are now represented only by atolls or submarine mountains. Such relict islands must have been important in the evolution of the present fauna of isolated island groups and some probably formed stepping stones to existing islands. Correlation of results of trapping at sea and in the air with types of insects native on oceanic islands strongly indicates dispersal across open ocean from source areas primarily by air currents. The study of the distribution and speciation of insects on Pacific islands may be an important key to the knowledge of the history of islands, of the nature of dispersal, and of the evolution of species in the insular environment.
Playing with your Future: Who Gambles in Defined-Contribution Pension Plans?

In this article, we investigate the relationship between volatility in the stock market and the trading behaviour of employees in defined-contribution (DC) pension schemes. We found that 10% of our sample exhibited compulsive gambling behaviour; in other words, they both ‘fed’ and ‘fed-off’ volatility, and that their individual attributes such as gender, experience in the firm and age clearly influenced their trading behaviour. Our findings shed new light on the behavioural drivers of financial decision-making in a saving-for-retirement setting, and on the crucial importance of the need for the financial industry and policy makers to address the growing onus put on ill-equipped non-professional financial decision makers.