Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms in Perirhinal Cortex Selectively Necessary for Discrimination of Overlapping Memories, but Independent of Memory Persistence

Abstract Successful memory involves not only remembering over time but also keeping memories distinct. The ability to separate similar experiences into distinct memories is a main feature of episodic memory. Discrimination of overlapping representations has been investigated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG), but little is known about this process in other regions such as the perirhinal cortex (Prh). We found in male rats that perirhinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for separable storage of overlapping, but not distinct, object representations, which is identical to its role in the DG for spatial representations. Also, activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc) is required for disambiguation of object memories, as measured by infusion of antisense oligonucleotides. This is the first time Arc has been implicated in the discrimination of objects with overlapping features. Although molecular mechanisms for object memory have been shown previously in Prh, these have been dependent on delay, suggesting a role specifically in memory duration. BDNF and Arc involvement were independent of delay—the same demand for memory persistence was present in all conditions—but only when discrimination of similar objects was required were these mechanisms recruited and necessary. Finally, we show that BDNF and Arc participate in the same pathway during consolidation of overlapping object memories. We provide novel evidence regarding the proteins involved in disambiguation of object memories outside the DG and suggest that, despite the anatomical differences, similar mechanisms underlie this process in the DG and Prh that are engaged depending on the similarity of the stimuli.
Solution-focused Brief Therapy with Families Who Have a Child with Intellectual Disabilities: A Description of the Content of Initial Sessions and the Processes

Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) is used in a range of child services but little is known about its application to families who have a child with severe or profound intellectual disabilities. This qualitative study examines SFBT with seven such families. It considers the content of sessions and the processes that occur from the practitioner's perspective. Participants' experiences are reported elsewhere (Lloyd & Dallos, submitted). A thematic analysis of seven initial sessions indicated that SFBT highlighted parents' competencies, goals and achievements. The ‘miracle question’ prompted a change in rapport, discussion about the impossibility of the child becoming ‘normal’ and a shift away from wishful thinking towards problem solving. In sessions processes emerged of empowerment, integration of the goals into the mothers' life narrative, understanding the child's abilities and clarification of the preferred future. These themes resonated with the literature on effective coping styles for these families. The cases suggest that SFBT can generate a useful parent–professional partnership. However, difficulties were encountered when a child with autism participated in the session. Consideration is given to the ‘miracle question’ and the inclusion of measures of self-efficacy, coping and the therapeutic relationship.
A Public Affairs Platform For The Analysis Of The Liberalization Process In The Italian Electricity Market

The liberalization of electricity markets represents one of the most difficult challenges for the European governments, because of the conflicting interests of the stakeholders involved. In this paper, we shed light on this problem thanks to the analysis of the legislative process of an Italian law, which aims at wholly reforming the electricity market. The adoption of an innovative platform for public affair allows us to monitor this legislative process, and to understand how the stakeholders’ interests have been materialized in the proposals of different political parties and in the final version of the law. So, our paper provides not only a better understanding of electricity market reform process, but also an innovative tool for the analysis of similar public affairs issues.
Optimal Policy Mix for Inclusive Growth: Evidence from Nigeria

Unresolved issues on choice of optimal policy mix for inclusive growth pose intractable problems to policy-makers. Search for solution has continued in the present study which focused on extracting common or specific factor with proper combination of fiscal and monetary measures that could foster inclusive growth. Study spanned across 1980-2016. Data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics, Abuja and World Development Indicators. Exploratory factor analysis technique was used to analyze the data. Results indicate that: (1) Optimal policy mix, compatible with inclusive growth, is expansionary fiscal-expansionary money, which blended company income tax, recurrent expenditure, money supply, domestic debt, credit to private sector, custom and exercise duties, net loans and advances, exchange rate, federally collected revenue, capital expenditure and petroleum profit tax in exact proportion of their respective regression weights (2) Decelerator policy mix undermined the effectiveness of optimal policy mix (3) Rising demand for money induced external borrowing which failed to impact significantly on growth. Study concluded that the determination of optimal policy mix that fosters inclusive growth justifies Keynes’s MEC theory as valid theoretical framework for the study. It was recommended, inter alia, that Macroeconomic Policy Committees be domiciled in finance ministries for effective co-ordination of fiscal and monetary policies.
The Effects of Knowledge Assets on the Performances of Startup Firms: Moderating Effects of Promotion Focus

This study examined the effects of startup firm's knowledge assets on the effectiveness of their sales strategies, efficiency of sales activities, and management performance, after categorizing these assets into customer knowledge assets and technology knowledge assets. Furthermore, the moderating effects of promotion focus by CEOs and sales managers of startup firms were analyzed. For the analysis, dyadic questionnaire surveys were conducted targeting the CEOs and sales managers of startup firms established at the Gyeongnam Technopark and the KAIST Technology Business Incubation Center in Korea. Hypotheses were verified through structural equation modeling, and moderating effects were identified through ANOVA. CEO's customer knowledge asset strengthened their effectiveness of sales strategies, and sales manager's technology knowledge asset strengthened the efficiency of their sales activities. Also, CEO's effectiveness of sales strategies and sales manager's efficiency of sales activities have been found to enhance startup firm's management performance. Meanwhile, the moderating effect of promotion focus strengthened CEO's effectiveness of sales strategies through CEO's customer knowledge asset and interaction as CEO's promotion focus level increased, but promotion focus of sales managers did not have any significant interaction effect. This study provides implications by offering empirical evidence on startup firms with regard to knowledge assets.
SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE OF YERSINIA PESTIS INFECTION IN SMALL MAMMALS AND BEARS FROM A TEMPERATE RAINFOREST OF NORTH COASTAL CALIFORNIA

From 1983 to 1985, 463 serum samples from 11 species of mammals in Redwood National Park (RNP) (California, USA) were evaluated for antibodies to Yersinia pestis by the passive hemagglutination method. Yersinia pestis antibodies occurred in serum samples from 25 (36%) of 69 black bears (Ursus americanus), one (50%) of two raccoons (Procyon lotor), five (3%) of 170 dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes), and one (<1%) of 118 deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Two hundred seventy-three flea pools, consisting of 14 species of fleas, were collected from small mammals and woodrat nest cups. Viable Y. pestis were not isolated from any of the flea pools. Significant between-year variations in the frequencies of seropositive bear or small mammal sera were not observed. A significantly higher frequency of plague antibodies was observed in bear sera taken during September collections. Frequencies of seropositive bear sera did not vary significantly by sex or age group of bears. Significant differences were not observed in the frequencies of seropositive small mammals by forest habitat type in which they were captured. This is the first report of Y. pestis infection in Redwood National Park, and the first detailed report of Y. pestis activity in a temperate rainforest.
Developmental therapeutics for patients with breast cancer and central nervous system metastasis: current landscape and future perspectives.

Breast cancer is the second-leading cause of metastatic disease in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent advances in the biological understanding of breast cancer have facilitated an unprecedented increase of survival in a subset of patients presenting with metastatic breast cancer. Patients with HER2 positive (HER2+) or triple negative breast cancer are at highest risk of developing CNS metastasis, and typically experience a poor prognosis despite treatment with local and systemic therapies. Among the obstacles ahead in the realm of developmental therapeutics for breast cancer CNS metastasis is the improvement of our knowledge on its biological nuances and on the interaction of the blood brain barrier with new compounds. This manuscript reviews recent discoveries related to the underlying biology of breast cancer brain metastases, clinical progress to date and suggests rational approaches for investigational therapies.
Is Low‐Dose Oral Cobalamin Enough to Normalize Cobalamin Function in Older People?

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the use of low‐dose oral cobalamin (Cbl) supplements by older persons, as frequently found in multivitamin preparations, affects their Cbl serum concentrations and function, determined by measurements of the serum Cbl‐related metabolites methylmalonic acid (MMA), homocysteine (HCYS), and methylcitric acid (MCTR).
Prevalence of substance use among US physicians.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of substance use among US physicians. DESIGN A mailed, anonymous, self-report survey that assessed use of 13 substances and permitted comparison with results of the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Rates of physician substance use were weighted to provide national prevalence estimates. PARTICIPANTS A national sample of 9600 physicians, stratified by specialty and career stage, and randomly selected from the American Medical Association master file. The response rate after three mailings was 59%. Demographic characteristics of respondents closely reflected those of the US physician population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subjects' self-reported use of 13 substances in their lifetime, the past year, and the past month; reasons for use; self-admitted substance abuse or dependence; and whether treatment was received. For controlled prescription substances, respondents were asked to report only use "not prescribed by another physician for a legitimate medical or psychiatric condition. " RESULTS Physicians were less likely to have used cigarettes and illicit substances, such as marijuana, cocaine, and heroin, in the past year than their age and gender counterparts in the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. They were more likely to have used alcohol and two types of prescription medications--minor opiates and benzodiazepine tranquilizers. Prescription substances were used primarily for self-treatment, whereas illicit substances and alcohol were used primarily for recreation. Current daily use of illicit or controlled substances was rare. CONCLUSIONS Although physicians were as likely to have experimented with illicit substances in their lifetime as their age and gender peers in society, they were far less likely to be current users of illicit substances. The higher prevalence of alcohol use among respondents may be more a characteristic of their socioeconomic class than of their profession. A unique concern for physicians, however, is their high rate of self-treatment with controlled medications--a practice that could increase their risk of drug abuse or dependence. Uniform national guidelines are needed to sensitize medical students and physicians to the dangers of self-treatment with controlled prescription substances.
The Role of Perceptual Information in Familiarity-Based Scene Recognition

A method to analyze the role of familiarity in recognizing pictures of everyday scenes is introduced. The idea is to manipulate two within-subjects conditions: an experimental condition where the scenes repeat perceptual information (e.g. buildings and/or vehicles) and a control condition. The results show the two conditions did not differ in terms of hit rates, but in the experimental condition there were significantly fewer false alarms, yielding better results, which supports the findings of past research studies that have used verbal materials. This perceptual facilitation was maintained throughout a week-long retention interval. Finally, a detailed analysis of this facilitation shows it was due to a significant reduction in false alarms on know judgments, emphasizing familiarity's role in explaining this effect. Presentamos un método para analizar el papel que la familiaridad juega en el reconocimiento de fotografías de escenas cotidianas. La idea consiste en manipular dos condiciones intrasujeto: una condición experimental en la que se presentan fotografías en las que se repite información perceptual (p.e. edificios y/o vehículos) frente a otra condición control. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias en las tasas de aciertos de ambas condiciones, pero sí una reducción significativa de las falsas alarmas en la condición experimental, lo que provoca una mejor rendimiento en esta condición, patrón de resultados que coincide con el hallado utilizando materiales verbales. Dicha facilitación perceptual se mantiene así mismo tras una semana del estudio de los materiales. Por último el análisis pormenorizado de dicha facilitación nos muestra que es debida principalmente a una reducción significativa de las falsas alarmas en los juicios saber, lo que remarca el papel que la familiaridad juega en la explicación de dicho efecto.
Do Government Revenues Matter for Economic Growth?: Evidence From Nigeria

The bursting of crude oil prices in the international market since mid-2014 has resulted in dwindling oil revenue, which has led to economic recession in Nigeria. The recession has further exacerbated existing socioeconomic problems bedeviling the country. In the light of this, we examined the effect of government revenues (oil and non-oil revenues) on economic growth, both in the short-run and the long-run using autoregressive distributed lag method. Our findings show that government revenues are indispensable to economic growth in Nigeria. In addition, we found that economic growth is more responsive to oil revenue than non-oil revenue. Based on our findings, we advocate for effective and efficient use of government revenues. Furthermore, since oil revenue fluctuates more than non-oil revenue, we further advocate for creation of an enabling business environment geared towards improving the contribution of the non-oil sector to the government revenue base.
Online and traditional formative assessment : experience from a first-year property course

In order to improve student learning outcomes, formative assessment plays a vital role in providing students with opportunities to self-test their knowledge prior to summative assessment as well as providing opportunities for feedback before formal assessment. This paper illustrates the implementation of formative assessments, both online and traditional, across two groups (online versus blended learning) of undergraduate students in a first-year property course which is also available as a University wide elective. Quantitative analysis techniques will be used to analyse student perceptions and the statistical relationship between formative and summative assessment will be investigated. This paper provides insights into the usefulness and perception of formative assessment particularly in the online environment. Challenges and recommendations will also be highlighted.
Utilizing stomach content and faecal DNA analysis techniques to assess the feeding behaviour of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus.

In this study, the feeding behaviour of the non-native invasive predatory fishes largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus was studied in the Ezura River, a northern tributary of Lake Biwa, Japan. Prey composition was estimated based on visual examination of stomach contents and faecal DNA analysis to determine feeding habits of these predatory fishes. Stomach content analysis showed that native fishes (e.g. ayu Plecoglossus altivelis and gobies Rhinogobius spp.) and shrimps (e.g. Palaemon paucidens) were the major prey items for M. salmoides, while snails, larval Chironomidae and submerged macrophytes were the dominant prey items of L. macrochirus. Micropterus salmoides tended to select larger fish in the case of crucian carp Carassius spp. , but smaller fishes in the case of P. altivelis and Rhinogobius spp. Faecal DNA analyses revealed prey compositions similar to those identified in predator stomach contents, and identified additional prey species not detected in stomach content inspection. This study demonstrated that both stomach content inspection and DNA-based analysis bear several inherent shortcomings and advantages. The former method is straightforward, although identification of species can be inaccurate or impossible, whereas the latter method allows for accurate species identification, but cannot distinguish prey size or stage. Hence, integration of morphology-based and DNA-based methods can provide more reliable estimates of foraging habits of predatory fishes.
Emerging Reading and the Social Practice Turn in Literacy: Still Becoming a Nation of Readers

In this article, we focus on the past, the present, and the future. We consider the ways in which Becoming a Nation of Readers: The Report of the Commission on Reading (BNR) (Anderson, Hiebert, Scott, & Wilkinson, 1985) fulfilled the authors’ aspirations to introduce into schools everywhere “the practices seen in the classrooms of the best teachers in the best schools” (p. 3). We focus on the emerging literacy chapter and conclude that the authors offered significant insights for the field at a critical time in reading research and in a way that anticipated the future. We also examine some changes in literacy theory and practice since the report was published, including fundamental shifts in the ways many researchers have come to explore literacy as an emerging social practice both at the individual and societal levels. We consider the literacy as a social practice turn, first in relation to literacy theory, and then in two areas critically related to literacy practices in schools today: teaching bi/multilingual children and teacher preparation in literacy. We conclude with a cautionary note regarding reports like BNR and their potential to shape policy, research, and practice.
Deletion of Mtgr1 sensitizes the colonic epithelium to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The disruption of homeostasis between proliferation and apoptosis in the colonic epithelium contributes to the pathogenesis of human ulcerative colitis. Mice lacking the transcriptional corepressor myeloid translocation gene related-1 (Mtgr1) display impaired secretory cell lineage development in the small intestine and an increase in proliferation in the crypts of both the small and large intestines. Despite the increase in proliferating cells, the colons of Mtgr1-null mice have a normal cell lineage distribution and normal architecture. To uncover colonic phenotypes in Mtgr1(-/-) mice, we stressed the colonic epithelium with low-molecular-weight dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), which is a well-studied model of murine ulcerative colitis. METHODS Mtgr1-null mice were given 3% DSS in their drinking water for 4 days and the colons examined at various times thereafter for ulceration and for changes in proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS Treatment with DSS resulted in severe colitis in Mtgr1(-/-) mice, at least partially due to increased epithelial apoptosis rates. Transplantation of wild-type and Mtgr1-null bone marrow into irradiated wild-type mice demonstrated that the severe DSS-induced ulceration seen in Mtgr1-null mice was due to a colonic, rather than a hematologic, defect. Importantly, the epithelium of DSS-treated Mtgr1-null mice failed to completely regenerate, showing changes consistent with chronic colitis, even 10 weeks after a single DSS treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Mtgr1 has an important role in crypt survival and regeneration after colonic epithelial ulceration.
Serum levels of cobalt and chromium in a complex modular total hip arthroplasty system.

There is concern that modularity in a total hip arthroplasty system increases serum cobalt and chromium ion levels. This study measures the serum cobalt and chromium levels in patients with an Oxford Universal Hip (Corin, Cirencester, United Kingdom), which has a modular sliding mechanism; patients with a similarly manufactured hip with no sliding mechanism; and a control group. Loosening was excluded clinically and radiologically. Arthroplasty patients had statistically higher levels of serum cobalt and chromium than controls, but there was no significant difference in levels between the implanted groups.
Ethical Challenges in Digital Public Archaeology

This paper focuses specifically on the ethical challenges to the field of digital archaeology and the concerns of the digital public archaeologist. It considers the notions of digital research and ethical data collection, the social and political tensions implicit in digital communications on archaeological topics, and the possible effects on ethical concerns through post-processual approaches to participatory forms of digital media. Through an unpicking of these framings of professional and public interaction with archaeology and archaeologists in digital spaces, this paper proposes several future directions for ethical research, codes of conduct, and practice in digital archaeology.
Physical activity recommendations and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young Hispanic women

Abstract Despite the benefits associated with regular physical activity, there is little epidemiological evidence to support positive health outcomes when meeting physical activity guidelines in high-risk ethnic groups, such as Hispanic women. We compared cardiovascular disease risk factors between young Hispanic women who meet and those who do not meet current physical activity guidelines. Height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured in 60 Hispanic women aged 20–39 years. Lipids, C-reactive protein, insulin, and glucose were assessed. Body composition and cardiovascular fitness were assessed by BodPod and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) respectively. Participants wore an accelerometer and average minutes (assessed in 10-min bouts) spent in light, moderate, and hard daily activity for weekdays and weekends was determined. Seventy percent of participants did not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines, whereas 30% did so. Following current physical activity guidelines was associated with significantly lower mean cholesterol (mean ± s: 4.2 ± 0.8 vs. 4.7 ± 0.9 mmol · l−1) and triglycerides (0.7 ± 0.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.6 mmol · l−1), and higher fat-free mass (43.3 ± 3.8 vs. 40.2 ± 5.1 kg) and relative (40.4 ± 7.6 vs. 35.6 ± 7.0 ml · kg−1 · min−1) and absolute (2.5 ± 0.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4 litres · min−1) VO2max (P < 0.05). These findings suggest an improved health status in women who meet versus those who did not meet current physical activity guidelines.