Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing and Predicting ENSO SSTA Development from Moored-Buoy and Scatterometer Winds

Accurate real-time knowledge of equatorial Pacific wind stress is critical for monitoring the state of the tropical Pacific Ocean and understanding sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) development associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The tropical Pacific moored-buoy array has been shown to adequately provide this knowledge when operating as designed. Ocean model simulation of equatorial Pacific SSTA by moored-buoy winds reveals that recent western Pacific buoy losses exceed the array’s minimal redundancy. Additional wind measurements are needed to adequately simulate ENSO-related SSTA development when large portions of the moored-buoy array have been lost or decommissioned. Prospects for obtaining this supplemental wind information in real time are evaluated from simulations of central equatorial Pacific SSTA development during 2017 and end-of-year Niño-3.4 conditions during the previous 25 years. Results show that filling multiple-buoy-dropout gaps with winds from a pair of scatterometers (2000–17) achieves simulation accuracy improving upon that available from the moored-buoy array in the case in which large portions of the array are out. Forcing with the reanalysis-product winds most commonly used in recent ENSO studies or the scatterometer measurements (without the buoy winds) degrades simulation accuracy. The utility of having accurate basinwide wind stress information is demonstrated in an examination of the role that easterly weather-scale wind events played in driving the unexpected development of La Niña in 2017 and by showing that wintertime Niño-3.4 conditions can be statistically forecast, with skill comparable to state-of-the-art coupled models, on the basis of accurate knowledge of equatorial Pacific wind variability over spring or summer.
Knowledge about tuberculosis among secondary school Teachers in Baghdad City

Background: Teachers and schools play an important role in health promotion. Community awareness in general and in educational teaching staff in particular is of vital importance in combating tuberculosis which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Tuberculosis is still a prevalent disease in our country. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of secondary school teachers regarding tuberculosis. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Karkh section of Baghdad during the period from November 2015 to April 2016. The sample size was determined at 500 teachers from the total number of 50 schools. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select schools from each of the ten sectors; this resulted in a total of 50 schools (25 schools for males and 25 for females). 10 teachers were randomly selected from those schools for a total of 250 male & 250 Female teachers. The study instrument included multiple choice questions about the cause of the disease, the route of transmission, vaccination, symptoms, availability of treatment, transmission and prevention. The questionnaire was developed by the researcher making use of previous studies and WHO standards. Results: On average, 50.2% of the questions were answered correctly, only 34.6 % knew that TB was caused by bacteria, 53.6 % knew that TB’s first symptom was a cough of more than 3 weeks, 64.2 % knew that TB is associated with loss of appetite & weight loss, 45.6 % knew that TB is associated with fever & night sweats, only 56.6 % of students knew that it is transferred by respiratory droplets, 70 % knew that the first organ most commonly affected by TB is the lung, 46.2 % knew that the TB vaccine is BCG, only 36.6 % knew that sputum examination is used to help identify TB, 59.9. % knew that covering your mouth during coughing & sneezing helps to prevent disease spread, only 35.4% knew that TB treatment is available in all primary health care centers. Conclusion: More than one third of the secondary school teachers had good knowledge regarding Tuberculosis, also female teachers had a higher level of knowledge than male teachers.
A Retrospective Assessment of Syphilis Seroprevalence among Pregnant Women, Cape Coast, Ghana

This is a hospital-based cohort study, which aimed at assessing the seroprevalence of syphilis among pregnant women who sought antenatal care at the Cape Coast Metropolitan Hospital (CCMH). We retrospectively analyzed secondary data of 2,640 term pregnant women, who gave birth from January, 2016 to December, 2018. Data was compiled from the CCMH delivery register. Out of the 2,640 pregnant women who delivered from 2016 through 2018, 107 [4.1%, 95% CI: 3.3 – 4.8] tested reactive (2016, 1.5%, 40/2640; 2017, 1.0%, 26/2640; 2018, 1.6%, 41/2640). Seroprevalence among the primagravida (those with first pregnancy) was 0.8%, while that among the multigravida (≥ 2 pregnancies) was 3.3% ( χ 2 = 37.562, p = 0.021). Pregnant women within the age group of 22-31 years were the most reactive, 2.3% (60/2640), followed by 32-41 years, 1.1% (30/2640). A prevalence of 1.9% (50/2640) was recorded among Junior High School holders, while 0.2% (5/2640) was found among those who have attained tertiary level education. A Relatively high prevalence of 3.0% (78/2640) was recorded among informal workers compared to the unemployed, 0.9% (23/2640). An appreciable proportion of 18.9% (499/2640) had no syphilis testing record indicated in the register. Early detection of syphilis and treatment of infected partners, rapid testing for ANC non-attendants at the maternity/obstetrics and gynecology departments is highly recommended either before or after delivery, as laboratory services may not be available in the nights when most deliveries occur.
China shock: environmental impacts in Brazil

We study whether the â€œChina shockâ€ , defined as Chinaâ€™s rapid emergence in global markets, caused environmental impacts in Brazilian municipalities, since previous evidence points to effects on real wages and formal sector employment over the period of 2000 to 2010. Building on recent theoretical developments, we implement a shift-share strategy to explore variation in economic specialization between municipalities and find that Chinaâ€™s direct influence on deforestation of the Amazon and Cerrado was on average insignificant, which is supported by the literature. On the other hand, Chinaâ€™s demand for commodities seems to have increased pollution-related mortality of children in mining municipalities, a result obtained by comparing it to mortality caused by other factors. However, we show that this is most likely explained by a municipalityâ€™s degree of specialization in mining activities rather than its exposure to trade with China. We conclude that the environmental impacts of the China shock on Brazilian municipalities were small, if not negligible.
Reference service redesign: Does incorporating student employee feedback increase feelings of empowerment?

Abstract Student employees fulfill an essential role at all academic libraries, but budget and staffing cuts have made student work even more imperative at small, public institutions. This article examines a reference service redesign at Adams State University through the lens of the student circulation employees. Student employee feedback was directly incorporated into decision making and student perceptions about their role were examined before and after the redesign. The study found that while student feedback improved training and service ability, it did not increase student feelings of empowerment.
Analysis of Physico-Chemical Properties and Bacteriological Loads of Waste Water Effluent from Oxidation Pond at Woldia University, North Wollo, Ethiopia

Rivers are vital component of the biosphere that contains less than one percent of the world’s fresh water which is being polluted by indiscriminate disposal of domestic and industrial waste sewerage. The purpose of this study was to analysis the level of heavy metals and physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater effluent from oxidation pond. Samples were collected per month starting from May 2018 up to July2018. Three sampling ponds were selected purposefully among constructed 13 different size oxidation ponds and one site in waste receiver river. Samples were collected by triplicate in each sample sites and totally 12 sample sites were fixed. Some parameters like (pH, Temperature, Conductivity, and Turbidity) were measured in situ. ICP-OES used for analysis heavy metal. XLSTAT version 2014.5. 03 was applied for analysis and interpreting the relationship of each water quality parameters using one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. This study shows Conductivity, pH, were showed highly significance difference among oxidation ponds while temperature showed non-significance difference (a<0.05). Sodium and potassium were found dominantly in all oxidation ponds and showed highly significance difference among sampling sites. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the various stages of waste water treatment pond is not more polluted based on the WHO and FAO guidelines for different purpose. In general this study revealed that the treated wastewater effluent from oxidation pond is not relevant for human and livestock drinking rather than useable for irrigation purpose. the existing literature to review environmental problem related with domestic, industrial and municipal waste management. This study shows limitation of wastewater treatment using oxidation pond. The primary contribution of this finding is to determine the quality of effluent wastewater to recommend better removal efficiency oxidation pond.
Controlling factors of microclimate in blocky surface layers of two nearby relict rock glaciers (Niedere Tauern Range, Austria)

ABSTRACT Coarse blocky material is known to have a ground cooling effect compared to other types of unconsolidated surface material, which may have an influence on spatial distribution and conservation of permafrost. In the light of climate warming, this effect may retard permafrost degradation or exert prolonged ground cooling in general. To contribute to a better understanding of this ground cooling effect and potential influencing factors, the thermal regime of blocky surface layers of two comparable nearby relict rock glaciers with opposing aspects was investigated. Air, surface and shallow ground temperature at 1 m depth were continuously measured over a four-year period at nine locations distributed over two rock glaciers. The blocky surface layer of the SW-exposed rock glacier exhibits lower and more heterogeneous temperatures than the NE-oriented despite a higher potential solar radiation. The data suggest a thinner or more discontinuous seasonal snow cover at the SW-exposed rock glacier, causing a more efficient winter cooling. The importance of air flow driven heat transfer as a source of cooling is supported by the data. Results illustrate thermal heterogeneities within blocky layers and the importance of the seasonal snow cover pattern in addition to topography and microclimatic variability in high relief terrain is hypothesized.
Developing a Locally Adaptive Spatial Multilevel Logistic Model to Analyze Ecological Effects on Health Using Individual Census Records

Geographical variable distributions often exhibit both macroscale geographic smoothness and microscale discontinuities or local step changes. Nonetheless, accounting for both effects in a unified statistical model is challenging, especially when the data under study involve a multiscale structure and non-Gaussian response variables. This study develops a locally adaptive spatial multilevel logistic model to examine binomial response variables that integrates an innovative locally adaptive spatial econometric model with a multilevel model. It takes into account global spatial autocorrelation, local step changes, and vertical dependence effects arising from the multiscale data structure. Another appealing feature is that the spatial correlation structure, implied by a spatial weights matrix, is learned along with other model parameters via an iterative estimation algorithm, rather than being presumed to be invariant. Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samplers are derived to implement this new spatial multilevel logistic model. A data augmentation approach, drawing on recently devised Pólya-gamma distributions, is adopted to reduce computational burdens of calculating binomial likelihoods with a logit link function. The validity of the developed model is evaluated by a set of simulation experiments, before being applied to analyze self-rated health for the elderly in Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei Province, China. Model estimation results highlight a nuanced geography of self-rated health and identify a range of individual- and area-level correlates of health for the elderly. Key Words: geography of health, local spatial modeling, multilevel models, spatial autocorrelation, spatial econometrics.
The fossil fishes from the sierra madre formation, Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, Southern Mexico

Recently, the diverse fossil assemblage discovered in El Espinal and El Chango quarries, near Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico, has called the attention of Mexican Paleontologists. The dolomite limestone and fossil bearing strata exploited in these two quarries belong to the Sierra Madre Formation (Aptian? Santonian). This fossil assemblage involves an increasing number of well-preserved fishes, including an unnamed pycnodontiform, Macrosemiids (Macrosemiocotzus sp.), Clupeomorphs (Triplomystus applegatei and Paraclupea-like specimens), an unnamed ichthyodectoid, Alepisauriformes (Saurorhamphus sp., and Enchodus sp.), an unnamed gonorynchid, and other unidentified forms. The previously suggested Albian age for El Espinal and El Chango outcrops is questionable, based on the similarity between this Mexican fish assemblage and other well-documented assemblages from Cenomanian localities of the Middle East (i.e., Ein--Yabrud, Namoura) and Eastern Europe (i.e., Comen). Jesús Alvarado-Ortega. Departamento de Paleontología, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, código postal 04510, México; alvarado@servidor.unam. mx Ernesto Ovalles-Damián. Museo de Paleontología “Eliseo Palacios Aguilera”, Instituto de Historia Natural y Ecología de Chiapas, Calzada de los Hombres Ilustres s/n, Parque Madero, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, código postal 29000, México. Alberto Blanco-Piñón. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Apdo. Postal 1-288, Admón. 1, Pachuca, Hidalgo, CP. 42001. México.
The near-complete mitogenome of the critically endangered Pseudocleopatra dartevellei (Caenogastropoda: Paludomidae) from the Congo River assembled from historical museum material

Abstract Here, we present the first near-complete mitogenome of a member of the freshwater gastropod family Paludomidae, Pseudocleopatra dartevellei. This Congo River species is of particular importance because the sister to the Lake Tanganyika radiation is supposed to be a paludomid riverine species. We used ancient DNA (aDNA) techniques including single-stranded DNA library preparation in order to assemble the mitogenome from historical museum material collected in 1937. The mitogenome was 15,368 bp long and showed typical characteristics as identified in other freshwater gastropods. The present phylogeny shows a closer relationship between Pseudocleoptra dartevellei and another non-Tanganyikan species, Cleopatra johnstoni.
Frequency of finger looking during finger counting is related to children's working memory capacities

ABSTRACT Finger counting can be useful in solving arithmetic problems, noticeably because it reduces the working memory demand of mental calculations. However, proprioceptive information might not be sufficient to keep track of the number of fingers raised during problem solving, and visual input may play an important role in this process. The present study was designed to address this question and shows that 8-year-old children look at their fingers in 60% of the trials during finger counting when solving additive problems. Moreover, our results reveal that the frequency of finger looking is negatively correlated with working memory capacities and is higher for more difficult problems. These findings suggest that finger looking is recruited in managing the cognitive demand of the arithmetic task, probably by providing additional external cues to monitor the number of steps that have to be incremented during finger counting.
APPLICABILITY OF TIME-DEPENDENT SEISMICITY MODEL FOR EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCE ALONG THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE

The applicability of the time-dependent seismicity model was investigated for earthquakes occurrence along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. This region was separated into thirteen seismogenic zones by virtue of specific seismological and geomorphological criteria, and RTIMAP (regional time and magnitude predictable) model was applied for these zones. The data including in both instrumental period ( Ms  5.5) until the beginning of 2016 and historical period ( Io  9.0 corresponding to Ms  7.0) before 1900 have been used in the study. Interevent times and magnitudes of mainshocks generated in each zone have predictive properties expressed by the RTIMAP. For the region considered, the relationship with increasing slope between the time interval of the events and the magnitude of the preceding earthquake shows that this model is suitable. On the basis of these equations and taking into account the formation time and magnitude of the last events in each zone, probabilities to the next main shocks in five decades and the magnitudes of the next
Quality of Family Planning Services and Associated Factors in Jimma Town Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia

Background The quality of care is greatly compromised specially in resource limited settings that influence the uptake and continuation of use of family planning services. However, there is paucity of studies in Jimma Town public hospitals. Thus this study aimed to assess the quality of family planning services and associated factors in Jimma Town public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study design using both qualitative and quantitative methods was employed from March 25 to April 25, 2018. A total of 278 female family planning users (15–49 years old) in Jimma Town public hospitals were included in the study.The sample was calculated using single population proportion formula and consecutive sampling methods was used. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions were used for analysisis. Results The mean waiting time of the client before getting service and mean consultation duration were23.5 and 12.5 minutes respectively participant who were unable to read and write were 64% less likely to be satisfied than those who were completed primary and secondary or preparatory schooling (AOR=0.363:CI:0.160,0.822), and clients who were waited for < 30 2minutes at waiting area were 2.7 times more likely to be satisfied than those who waited ≥ 30 minutes (AOR=2.769:CI:1.300,5.898). Conclusions In this study, the satisfaction of clients in family planning service was low. Waiting time and received information on what to do in cases of problems and educational level of clients were significant predictors of client satisfaction.
Is OpenStreetMap a good source of information for cultural statistics? The case of Italian museums

Data coming from Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) are a precious source of knowledge, especially when official statistics are difficult to produce at a detailed level. However, in order to be used effectively as a supporting source, Volunteered Geographic Information must meet thorough standards of quality. In this work, the quality of OpenStreetMap (OSM) – in terms of completeness, positional and semantic accuracies – is evaluated in the cultural sector with reference to the official survey of Italian museums. This study offers novel insights into the quality assessment of OpenStreetMap points of interest, and it is a useful benchmark for the use of unconventional information for cultural analysis and policy. The results show that the number of museums mapped in OpenStreetMap accounts for 86% of the official total while – in terms of completeness – OpenStreetMap coverage is 39% overall. The distance is less than 150 metres for 77.7% of the matching museums and the similarity index among denominations is higher than 0.9 for more than half of the museums. OpenStreetMap cultural information appears to be quantitatively rich as well as positionally and semantically accurate. However, some concerns do arise about the reliability and consistency of tags and metadata.
Experimental Investigation of Flood Energy Dissipation by Single and Hybrid Defense System

In this study, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the energy loss through the hybrid defense system (HDS) in the order of dike, moat, and emergent vegetation in steady subcritical flow conditions. The results of HDS were compared with a single defense system (SDS) comprising only vegetation (OV). The dimensions of dike were kept constant while two different shapes (trapezoidal and rectangular) of moat were considered. The impacts of vegetation of variable thickness and density were investigated. Two combinations of HDS were investigated including the combination of dike and vegetation (DV) and the combination of dike, moat, and vegetation (DMV). The effect of backwater rise due to the vegetation, hydraulic jump formation and the impact of the arrival time of floodwater on energy dissipation were investigated. It was observed that on the upstream side of obstructions, the backwater depth increased by increasing the Froude number in both the SDS and HDS. The hydraulic jump observed in HDS was classified and the energy dissipation due to it was calculated. Under various conditions investigated in this paper, the maximum average energy dissipation was 32% in SDS and 46% in HDS. The trapezoidal moat performed better than rectangular moat as energy dissipater. The delay time was also greater with trapezoidal moat as compared to that in rectangular one. The maximum delay time was 140 s in the case of HDS. Hence, the hybrid defense system offered maximum resistance to the flow of water, thus causing a significant energy loss. For each case of SDS and HDS, empirical equations were developed by regression analysis to estimate the energy dissipation amounts.
Hydro-Meteorological Trends in the Upper Omo-Ghibe River Basin, Ethiopia

This study aimed to assess trends of hydro-meteorological variables in the Upper Omo-Ghibe river basin, Ethiopia. Data records from eleven rainfall, eight air temperature, and five streamflow stations between 1981 to 2008 were investigated. The trends and change points were evaluated for different periods of time depending on data availability. Mann-Kendall and Pettit tests were used to identify trends and change points at a 5% significance level. The tests were applied to mean annual, monthly and seasonal time scales. Rainfall exhibited statistically decreasing trends at a mean annual time scale, while seasonal rainfall depicted heterogeneous results in both directions. For the majority of the stations, air temperature showed statistically significant increasing trends. The magnitude of change in temperature for mean annual, wet and dry season has increased about 0.48, 0.46, and 0.61 °C per decade for Jimma station. The Pettit test revealed that the late 1980s and 1990s were the change points. There is generally a decreasing trend in streamflow. The decline in annual rainfall and rise in temperature affected the streamflow negatively. Overall, the results indicate that trend sand change point times varied considerably across the stations and catchments. The identified significant trends can help to support planning decisions for water management.