Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Heterologous Transplant of DNA‐lacking Mitochondria from Entamoeba histolytica on Proliferation of Entamoeba invadens

In mitochondria, compatibility of proteins encoded in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA is essential for the normal functioning of the organelle. Incompatibility between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA can lead to dysfunctional respiration, mitochondrial diseases, and lethal problems, which suggests that the presence of heterologous mitochondria is unfavorable. In a previous study, we established a transplant method for DNA‐lacking mitochondria (mitosomes) in the anaerobic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. In this study, interspecies transplant of mitosomes from E. histolytica into Entamoeba invadens, which is a parasitic protozoon of reptiles, was performed using the microinjection method at various temperatures and injection volumes. When E. invadens was used as recipient, it showed higher tolerance to a lower temperature and larger injection volume, in comparison with E. histolytica. After microinjection, donor mitosomes expressing HA‐tag conjugated protein were observed in recipient cells by immunofluorescent staining. The heterologous mitosomes‐injected cells proliferated and growth rate of the microinjected‐cells was similar to that of intact cells. Therefore, we conclude that interspecies transplant of DNA‐lacking mitochondria does not result in incompatibility.
Masculinity and engagement in HIV care among male fisherfolk on HIV treatment in Uganda

Abstract This study explored the intersection of masculinity and HIV care engagement among fishermen and other male fisherfolk on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Wakiso District, Uganda. We conducted 30 in-depth interviews with men on ART recruited from HIV treatment sites and used a thematic analysis approach. Since HIV diagnosis and ART initiation, men had adopted masculine identities more conducive to HIV care engagement. The masculine roles of worker and provider, husband and sexual partner and the appearance of physical strength were compromised by HIV, but restored by ART’s positive effects on health. Peers also emerged as facilitators to HIV care, with men supporting each other to seek testing and treatment. However, structural and occupational barriers to HIV care associated with the masculine role of worker remained a barrier to care engagement. Findings suggest that emphasising the benefits of ART in bolstering men’s ability to fulfil the roles important to them may improve the effectiveness of HIV testing and treatment messaging for men. Differentiated care models that address structural-level barriers to care, and community-level gender-transformative programming to help fishermen engage in HIV care, may be beneficial.
Demographic and medical characteristics of hospitalised oldest old

Australia’s population is ageing, as a result of sustained low fertility and increasing life expectancy.1,2 Important factors contributing to increasing life expectancy are improved living conditions and improved treatment and rehabilitation of chronic illnesses.3 The consequence is an increasing proportion of Australia’s population aged ≥85 years, the population’s most rapidly expanding segment. This is demonstrated in data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics.1,2 Between June 1985 and June 2005, the proportion of Australia’s population aged ≥85 years increased by 102% (0.74%1.5%). 1 In 2005-2006, the average annual rate of growth for the ≥85 years age group was 8.02%, compared with 1.31% for all ages.2
Learning Temporal Point Processes via Reinforcement Learning

Social goods, such as healthcare, smart city, and information networks, often produce ordered event data in continuous time. The generative processes of these event data can be very complex, requiring flexible models to capture their dynamics. Temporal point processes offer an elegant framework for modeling event data without discretizing the time. However, the existing maximum-likelihood-estimation (MLE) learning paradigm requires hand-crafting the intensity function beforehand and cannot directly monitor the goodness-of-fit of the estimated model in the process of training. To alleviate the risk of model-misspecification in MLE, we propose to generate samples from the generative model and monitor the quality of the samples in the process of training until the samples and the real data are indistinguishable. We take inspiration from reinforcement learning (RL) and treat the generation of each event as the action taken by a stochastic policy. We parameterize the policy as a flexible recurrent neural network and gradually improve the policy to mimic the observed event distribution. Since the reward function is unknown in this setting, we uncover an analytic and nonparametric form of the reward function using an inverse reinforcement learning formulation. This new RL framework allows us to derive an efficient policy gradient algorithm for learning flexible point process models, and we show that it performs well in both synthetic and real data.
Home care service utilisation by people with dementia—A retrospective cohort study of community nursing data in Australia

Progressive aged care reforms are shifting dementia care into the community. These efforts have been shown to prevent transition to residential aged care facilities and hospitals. There is a paucity of studies examining the utilisation of home care services for people living with dementia. This study aims to address the current knowledge gap by providing a comprehensive summary of older adults receiving home care and comparing service use for people with and without dementia. A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted using routine data prospectively collected from a cohort (n = 2,703 with dementia matched to 9,224 without dementia; total 11,927) using a community home nursing service in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, in 2014. Descriptive statistics compared individuals with and without dementia on client-level demographics and their episode of home care service use. A comparative analysis on select variables was also performed using a conditional Poisson regression to estimate relative risk (RR). Compared to older adults without dementia, people with dementia were more likely to be born overseas (RR 1.10, 95% CI [1.03-1.19]), require an interpreter (RR 1.41, 95% CI [1.26-1.59]), and live with family (RR 1.09 [1.01-1.16]). When examining an individual's episode of care, people with dementia were more likely to require acute care (RR 1.07, 95% CI [1.01-1.14]) and be discharged from home care with personal care services (RR 1.46, 95% CI [1.24-1.72]). People with dementia were less likely to be referred from a hospital (RR 0.73, 95% CI [0.69-0.77]), achieve their home care goals (RR 0.91, 95% CI [0.87-0.94]), or die while in receipt of home care services (RR 0.82, 95% CI [0.72-0.94]). Our findings suggest that people with dementia have different socio-demographic characteristics and interactions with home care services compared to people without dementia.
Preclinical Efficacy of Endoglin-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Ewing Sarcoma

Purpose: Endoglin (ENG; CD105) is a coreceptor of the TGFβ family that is highly expressed in proliferating endothelial cells. Often coopted by cancer cells, ENG can lead to neo-angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in aggressive malignancies. It exists both as a transmembrane cell surface protein, where it primarily interacts with TGFβ, and as a soluble matricellular protein (sENG) when cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14). High ENG expression has been associated with poor prognosis in Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive bone cancer that primarily occurs in adolescents and young adults. However, the therapeutic value of ENG targeting has not been fully explored in this disease. Experimental Design: We characterized the expression pattern of transmembrane ENG, sENG, and MMP14 in preclinical and clinical samples. Subsequently, the antineoplastic potential of two novel ENG-targeting monoclonal antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), OMTX503 and OMTX703, which differed only by their drug payload (nigrin-b A chain and cytolysin, respectively), was assessed in cell lines and preclinical animal models of Ewing sarcoma. Results: Both ADCs suppressed cell proliferation in proportion to the endogenous levels of ENG observed in vitro. Moreover, the ADCs significantly delayed tumor growth in Ewing sarcoma cell line–derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Taken together, these studies demonstrate potent preclinical activity of first-in-class anti-ENG ADCs as a nascent strategy to eradicate Ewing sarcoma.
Training in cognitive strategies reduces eating and improves food choice

Significance Despite public health interventions, most individuals in the United States are overweight or obese. Here, we provide evidence for a mechanism-based technique to improve food choices in an “obesogenic” environment filled with temptation. Across two studies, we demonstrate that cognitive strategies decrease craving for unhealthy foods, increase craving for healthy foods, and modulate subjective valuation. Importantly, across four additional studies we show that brief training in such cognitive strategies increases subsequent healthy food choices in the presence of unhealthy alternatives, without explicit instructions to use the strategies, and across individual differences in weight. Furthermore, this training significantly reduces food consumption. Thus, training in cognitive strategies might ultimately advance clinical treatment and public health interventions aiming to prevent and reduce obesity. Obesity rates continue to rise alarmingly, with dire health implications. One contributing factor is that individuals frequently forgo healthy foods in favor of inexpensive, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. One important mechanism underlying these choices is food craving: Craving increases with exposure to unhealthy foods (and food cues, such as advertisements) and prospectively predicts eating and weight. Prior work has shown that cognitive regulation strategies that emphasize the negative consequences of unhealthy foods reduce craving. In Studies 1 and 2, we show that cognitive strategies also increase craving for healthy foods by emphasizing their positive benefits, and change food valuation (willingness to pay) for both healthy and unhealthy foods. In Studies 3 and 4, we demonstrate that brief training in cognitive strategies (“Regulation of Craving Training”; ROC-T) increases subsequent healthy (vs. unhealthy) food choices. This was striking because this change in food choices generalized to nontrained items. Importantly, in Study 5, we show that brief training in cognitive strategies also reduces food consumption by 93–121 calories. Consumed calories correlated with changes in food choice. Finally, in Study 6, we show that the training component of ROC-T is necessary, above and beyond any effect of framing. Across all studies (NTOTAL = 1,528), we find that cognitive strategies substantially change craving and food valuation, and that training in cognitive strategies improves food choices by 5.4–11.2% and reduces unhealthy eating, including in obese individuals. Thus, these findings have important theoretical, public health, and clinical implications for obesity prevention and treatment.
But were you drunk? Intoxication during sexual assault in Norway

ABSTRACT Background: Sexual assault often occurs when victims are intoxicated. Rape myth research indicates that intoxicated assaults are sometimes seen as less severe or not as ‘real’ assaults; however, it is unclear if victims of intoxicated sexual assaults differ from victims of non-intoxicated assaults in terms of health and functioning. Objective: We investigated possible differences in mental health, social support and loneliness between intoxicated and non-intoxicated sexual assault victims. Methods: Participants were 1011 young adults (505 exposed to childhood violence and 506 non-exposed) selected from a community telephone survey (T1), and a follow-up survey 12–18 months later (T2). Analyses include one-way ANOVA with Tamhane post hoc tests. Results: There were no significant differences in mental health, social support and loneliness between victims of intoxicated and non-intoxicated sexual assault, although both groups differed significantly from those who did not report sexual assault. Conclusions: These results indicate that intoxicated sexual assaults are no less clinically important than non-intoxicated assaults.
Comparison of early effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 on Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in a population based study; The Palestinian-Israeli Collaborative Research (PICR)

Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), PCV10 and PCV13, are currently used in different countries. We have previously reported the effectiveness of PCV7, following its introduction in Israel and before PCVs were introduced in Palestine. Here, we extended the study and compared the initial impact of PCV10 to that of PCV7/13. Methods Four cross-sectional surveys of S. pneumoniae carriage among children <5y through 2009–2014 were preformed among two proximate populations, living under two distinct health authorities, with different vaccination policies. In East-Jerusalem (EJ), PCV7 was implemented in 2009 and replaced by PCV13 in late 2010, while in Palestine (PA), PCV10 was implemented in 2011. Results A total of 1267 and 2414 children from EJ and PA were screened. In 2014, S. pneumoniae was detected in 30.7% and 28.6% of the children in EJ and PA respectively Implementation of both PCV7 (in EJ) and PCV10 (in PA) did not affect overall S. pneumoniae carriage, but resulted in a significant decrease in the prevalence of vaccine-type strains. In the pre-vaccine era, VT7/VT13 strains consisted 47.0%/62.0% and 41.2%/54.8% of pneumococci in EJ and PA, respectively. A 48.6% and 53.9% decrease in VT7 strains was observed within 3 years of PCV7 implementation in EJ (p = 0.001) and PCV10 in PA (p<0.0001), respectively. These vaccination policies also resulted in ~50% reduction in VT13-added serotypes especially 6A (from 11.0% to 0.0% (EJ) and 9.5% to 4.9% (PA)). Three years after PCV13 implementation in EJ, an additional 67% decrease in VT13 strains was observed, yet an increase in serotype 3 was observed (0.0% to 3.4%, p = 0.056). While the prevalence of VT13 strains decreased significantly during the study period, the overall carriage rate didn’t change significantly due to replacement with non-VT13 strains which comprised 89.8% and 70.7% of all pneumococci, in EJ and in PA respectively in the last study year. Conclusions Within the first three years following PCV implementation, we observed similar reductions in carriage of VT10 and VT13 strains with either vaccination policies, with no effect on overall carriage. Further follow-up is needed to compare the long-term effects.
Exploring Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Dirichlet Priors for Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) has gained much attention from researchers and is increasingly being applied to uncover underlying semantic structures from a variety of corpora. However, nearly all researchers use symmetrical Dirichlet priors, often unaware of the underlying practical implications that they bear. This research is the first to explore symmetrical and asymmetrical Dirichlet priors on topic coherence and human topic ranking when uncovering latent semantic structures from scientific research articles. More specifically, we examine the practical effects of several classes of Dirichlet priors on 2000 LDA models created from abstract and full-text research articles. Our results show that symmetrical or asymmetrical priors on the document–topic distribution or the topic–word distribution for full-text data have little effect on topic coherence scores and human topic ranking. In contrast, asymmetrical priors on the document–topic distribution for abstract data show a significant increase in topic coherence scores and improved human topic ranking compared to a symmetrical prior. Symmetrical or asymmetrical priors on the topic–word distribution show no real benefits for both abstract and full-text data.
Proepicardium: Current Understanding of its Structure, Induction, and Fate

The proepicardium (PE) is a transitory extracardiac embryonic structure which plays a crucial role in cardiac morphogenesis and delivers various cell lineages to the developing heart. The PE arises from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) and is present in all vertebrate species. During development, mesothelial cells of the PE reach the naked myocardium either as free‐floating aggregates in the form of vesicles or via a tissue bridge; subsequently, they attach to the myocardium and, finally, form the third layer of a mature heart—the epicardium. After undergoing epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) some of the epicardial cells migrate into the myocardial wall and differentiate into fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and possibly other cell types. Despite many recent findings, the molecular pathways that control not only proepicardial induction and differentiation but also epicardial formation and epicardial cell fate are poorly understood. Knowledge about these events is essential because molecular mechanisms that occur during embryonic development have been shown to be reactivated in pathological conditions, for example, after myocardial infarction, during hypertensive heart disease or other cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, in this review we intended to summarize the current knowledge about PE formation and structure, as well as proepicardial cell fate in animals commonly used as models for studies on heart development. Anat Rec, 302:893–903, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accelerating a Lloyd-Type k-Means Clustering Algorithm with Summable Lower Bounds in a Lower-Dimensional Space

SUMMARY This paper presents an e ﬃ cient acceleration algorithm for Lloyd-type k -means clustering, which is suitable to a large-scale and high-dimensional data set with potentially numerous classes. The algorithm employs a novel projection-based ﬁlter ( PRJ ) to avoid unnecessary distance calculations, resulting in high-speed performance keeping the same results as a standard Lloyd’s algorithm. The PRJ exploits a summable lower bound on a squared distance deﬁned in a lower-dimensional space to which data points are projected. The summable lower bound can make the bound tighter dynamically by incremental addition of components in the lower-dimensional space within each iteration although the existing lower bounds used in other acceleration algorithms work only once as a ﬁxed ﬁlter. Experimental results on large-scale and high-dimensional real image data sets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm works at high speed and with low memory consumption when large k values are given, compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. key words: algorithm
Adomian Decomposition Method with Modified Bernstein Polynomials for Solving Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, we used Bernstein polynomials to modify the Adomian decomposition method which can be used to solve linear and nonlinear equations. This scheme is tested for four examples from ordinary and partial differential equations; furthermore, the obtained results demonstrate reliability and activity of the proposed technique. This strategy gives a precise and productive system in comparison with other traditional techniques and the arrangements methodology is extremely straightforward and few emphasis prompts high exact solution. The numerical outcomes showed that the acquired estimated solutions were in appropriate concurrence with the correct solution.
Insecticidal Toxicity of Yersinia frederiksenii Involves the Novel Enterotoxin YacT

The genus Yersinia comprises 19 species of which three are known as human and animal pathogens. Some species display toxicity toward invertebrates using the so-called toxin complex (TC) and/or determinants that are not yet known. Recent studies showed a remarkable variability of insecticidal activities when representatives of different Yersinia species (spp.) were subcutaneously injected into the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Here, we demonstrate that Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii are highly toxic to this insect. A member of Y. Enterocolitica phylogroup 1B killed G. mellonella larvae with injection doses of approximately 38 cells only, thus resembling the insecticidal activity of Photorhabdus luminescens. The pathogenicity Yersinia spp. displays toward the larvae was higher at 15°C than at 30°C and independent of the TC. However, upon subtraction of all genes of the low-pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strain W22703 from the genomes of Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii, we identified a set of genes that may be responsible for the toxicity of these two species. Indeed, a mutant of Y. frederiksenii lacking yacT, a gene that encodes a protein similar to the heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin (Ast) of Aeromonas hydrophila, exhibited a reduced pathogenicity toward G. mellonella larvae and altered the morphology of hemocytes. The data suggests that the repertoire of virulence determinants present in environmental Yersinia species remains to be elucidated.
Exploiting temporal and depth information for multi-frame face anti-spoofing

Face anti-spoofing is significant to the security of face recognition systems. Previous works on depth supervised learning have proved the effectiveness for face anti-spoofing. Nevertheless, they only considered the depth as an auxiliary supervision in the single frame. Different from these methods, we develop a new method to estimate depth information from multiple RGB frames and propose a depth-supervised architecture which can efficiently encodes spatiotemporal information for presentation attack detection. It includes two novel modules: optical flow guided feature block (OFFB) and convolution gated recurrent units (ConvGRU) module, which are designed to extract short-term and long-term motion to discriminate living and spoofing faces. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art results on four benchmark datasets, namely OULU-NPU, SiW, CASIA-MFSD, and Replay-Attack.