Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FOR SPECIALIZATION PATTERNS ? DISAGGREGATED EVIDENCE FROM SPAIN

We exploit historical differences in foral law to consistently estimate the contribution of the quality of enforcement institutions to economic specialization across Spanish provinces in the period 1999-2014. The distribution of economic activity in Spain as of today shows a strong pattern of geographical specialization. Regions less specialized in manufacturing (industry) and oriented to services sectors (Andalusia, Extremadura) in the south are compared with industrialized/manufacturing regions in the north such as the Basque Country, Navarre or Aragon. We construct province-level congestion rates across three different jurisdictions (civil, labor and administrative) from real judicial data measuring the performance of the Spanish judicial system over time, and estimate the effect of judicial efficacy on the share of manufacturing and services in the total output. Using a variety of estimation techniques, the evidence unveils strong and persistent effects of judicial efficacy on province-level economic specialization with notable distributional differences. The provinces with a historical experience of foral law are significantly more likely to have more efficient enforcement institutions at the present day. In turn, greater judicial efficacy facilitates specialization in high-productivity manufacturing while greater judicial inefficacy encourages service-intensive specialization. The effect of judicial efficacy on economic specialization does not depend on confounders, holds across a number of specification checks and appears to be causal. Lastly, the three jurisdictions seem relevant to explain specialization, although the administrative jurisdiction appears to have a more pronounced impact than the labor or civil jurisdictions.
Semifield flocks , eggs , and ovoids of Q ( 4 , q )

In this article we consider the connection between semifield flocks of a quadratic cone in PG(3, q), eggs in PG(4n−1, q) and ovoids of Q(4, q), when q is odd. Starting from a semifield flock of a quadratic cone in PG(3, q), q odd, F one can obtain an ovoid O(F) of Q(4, q) using the construction of Thas [9]. With a semifield flock there also corresponds a good egg E of PG(4n−1, q) (see, e.g., [2]) and the TGQ T (E) contains at least q + q subquadrangles all isomorphic to Q(4, q) (Thas [7]). Hence by subtending one can obtain ovoids of Q(4, q) (consider the set of points in the subquadrangle collinear with a point not in the subquadrangle). Here we prove that all the ovoids subtended from points of type (ii) are isomorphic to O(F), and that in at least 2q subGQ’s the ovoids subtended from points of type (i) are isomorphic to the ovoids subtended from points of type (ii). 1. Definitions and motivation Throughout the article we assume that q is an odd prime power. With PG(m, q) we denote the m-dimensional projective space arising from the (m+ 1)-dimensional vectorspace over the finite field GF(q) of order q. A flock of a quadratic cone K of PG(3, q) with vertex v is a partition of K \ {v} into irreducible conics. The planes containing the conics of the flock are called the planes of the flock. ∗This research has been supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship of the European Community programme ”Improving the Human Research Potential and the Socio-Economic Knowledge Base” under the contract number HMPF-CT-2001-01386.
Digital signal processing algorithms in single-carrier optical coherent communications

Coherent detection with digital signal processing (DSP) is currently being deployed in longhaul optical communications. Dual-polarization (DP) quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) is a modulation format suitable for long-haul transmission (1000 km or above). Another modulation, DP-16-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) has been deployed recently in metro regions (between 100 and 1000 km). Extending the reach of DP-16QAM is an active research area. For short-reach transmission (shorter than 100 km), there is still an open question as to when the technology will be mature enough to meet cost pressures for this distance. In this dissertation, we address mainly on phase recovery and polarization demultiplexing in digital coherent receivers for short-reach applications. Implementation of real-time Gbaud (Gsymbol per second) optical coherent systems for singlecarrier higher-level modulation formats such as 64-QAM depends heavily on phase tracking. For offline DSP, decision-directed phase recovery is performed at the symbol rate with the best performance and the least computational effort compared to best-known algorithms. Real-time implementations at Gbaud requires significant parallelizing that greatly degrades performance of this algorithm. Hardware parallelization and pipelining delay on the feedback path impose stringent requirements on the laser linewidth, or the frequency noise spectral level of laser sources. This leads to the paucity of experiments demonstrating real-time phase tracking for 64or higher QAM. We experimentally investigated the impact of opticallyfiltered lasers on parallel and pipelined phase tracking in a single-carrier 5 Gbaud 64-QAM back-to-back coherent system. For parallelization levels higher than 24, the optically-filtered laser shows more than 2 dB improvement in optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty compared to that of the same laser without optical filtering. In addition to laser phase noise, parallelized phase recovery also creates greater sensitivity to residual frequency offset induced by the presence of sinusoidal tones in the source. Sinusoidal frequency modulation may be intentional for control purposes, or incidental due to electronics and environmental fluctuations. We experimentally investigated the impact of sinusoidal laser phase noise on parallel decision-directed phase recovery in a 5 Gb 64-QAM system, including the effects of frequency offset compensation and equalization. MIMO (multi-input multi-output) FIR (finite-impulse response) filters are conventionally used
Rhinocerotidae ( Mammalia , Perissodactyla ) from the Middle Pleistocene site of Ponte Milvio , central Italy

Three rhinoceros species have been identified at Ponte Milvio: Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Toula, 1902), Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (Falconer, 1859) and Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Jäger, 1839). Remains ascribed to S. hundsheimensis were collected in gravels and sands deposits. They show morphological and morphometric affinities with the small-sized populations of the latest Early Pleistocene from Vallonnet. The occurrence of these small-sized specimens suggests the presence of a faunal assemblage chronologically related with the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition. The remains of S. hemitoechus and S. kirchbergensis were collected in volcanoclastic deposits. The specimens ascribed to S. hemitoechus show morphometric characters close to the small-sized specimens of the latest Middle Pleistocene. Moreover, S. kirchbergensis seems to be common in Italy during the late Middle Pleistocene and it has never been collected with certainty from Late Pleistocene sites. The co-occurrence of S. kirchbergensis and the small-sized S. hemitoechus suggests the presence of a faunal assemblage chronologically referable to a time span between MIS10 and MIS8. RIASSUNTO [Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) dal sito del Pleistocene Medio di Ponte Milvio, Italia centrale] L’analisi paleontologica dei resti di rinoceronte rinvenuti nei depositi terrazzati del fiume Tevere a Ponte Milvio ha permesso di riconoscere tre specie: Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis (Toula, 1902), Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (Falconer, 1859) e Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Jäger, 1839). I resti ascritti a S. hundsheimensis furono rinvenuti nei depositi di sabbie e ghiaie in cui non si osserva traccia di elementi vulcanoclastici. Tali resti mostrano affinità morfologiche e morfometriche con gli esemplari di taglia ridotta rinvenuti in siti europei riferibili al tardo Pleistocene Inferiore. La segnalazione di queste forme suggerisce la presenza di un’associazione faunistica attribuibile alla transizione Pleistocene Inferiore-Pleistocene Medio. I resti di S. hemitoechus e S. kirchbergensis furono invece rinvenuti in depositi vulcanoclastici. Gli esemplari ascritti a S. hemitoechus mostrano affinità morfometriche con quelli di taglia ridotta del tardo Pleistocene Medio mentre S. kirchbergensis, al momento non segnalato in Italia nel corso del Pleistocene Superiore, sembra essere una specie caratteristica del Pleistocene Medio terminale. La segnalazione di queste due specie suggerisce la presenza nel sito di un’associazione faunistica cronologicamente correlabile con un intervallo di tempo compreso fra il MIS10 ed il MIS8.
How does country risk affect the impact of taxes on corporate risk-taking ?

This paper investigates how country risk affects the effectiveness of tax incentives to encourage corporate risk-taking. Exploiting a cross-country panel with 234 changes in corporate tax rates and 49 changes in loss offset rules, we show that country risk factors (economic, political, and fiscal budget risk) are negatively associated with risk-taking. We investigate whether and to what extent firms’ possibility to share risks with the government via loss offset rules and whether and to what extent tax rate changes that scale the risk sharing effect influence the propensity to conduct risky projects in different environments. While prior empirical studies find that tax rate increases and loss offset rules affect corporate risk-taking, we show that this influence can be neutralized by country risk effects. Our findings provide evidence that the effectiveness of loss off set rules and tax rate changes vanish in environments with high political as well as fiscal budget risks. We contribute to the literature by providing evidence that country risk is a crucial factor for the effectiveness of corporate tax systems to induce firm risk-taking.
2 4 A ug 2 01 9 Embedding into flat spacetime and black hole thermodynamics

It is known that static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions of general relativity in different spacetimes can be embedded into higher dimensional flat spacetime. Given this result, we have explored the thermodynamic nature of black holes á la its embedding into flat spacetime. In particular, we have explicitly demonstrated that black hole temperature can indeed be determined starting from the embedding and hence mapping of the static observers in black hole spacetime to Rindler observers in flat spacetime. Furthermore, by considering the dynamics of a scalar field in the flat spacetime it is indeed possible to arrive at the area scaling law for black hole entropy. Thus using flat spacetime field theory, one can indeed provide a thermodynamic description of black holes. Implications are also discussed.
Exploring individual differences as factors to maximize interactive learning environments for future learning

ABSTRACT Identifying characteristics of individuals who will be negatively impacted by interactive learning environments (ILE) was explored in a field study conducted among learners whose high-stakes performance depended upon grasping training scenarios quickly. Gauging the appropriateness of computer-based simulations for individuals became a pedagogical theme, and examining whether the history of technology usage was a factor revealed what may negatively impact an individual’s stress and workload and therefore hinder learning. This study found that individuals reporting higher frequency of computer usage experienced more temporal demand, and reported higher virtual world usage predicted a decrease in temporal demand. Implications suggest continual development of digital literacy skills to prepare for using ILEs especially for faculty and instructors. Establishment of consistent nomenclature of virtual technology terms will improve reliability and validity of measures. Areas of future research include inquiry into digital leadership for promoting metacognition and self-efficacy.
Tracking environmental pressures from recreational boating

of the master’s thesis Author Elisa Majamäki Title Tracking environmental pressures from recreational boating Degree programme Water and Environmental Engineering Major Water and Environmental Engineering Code of major ENG29 Supervisor Prof. Jaana Sorvari Advisor PhD Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen Date 29.7. 2019 Number of pages 69 Language English
Beyond Explicit Reports : Comparing Data-Driven Approaches to Studying Underlying Dimensions of Music Preference

Prior research from the field of music psychology has suggested that there are factors common to music preference beyond individual genres. Specifically, research has shown that self-reported ratings of preference for individual musical genres can be reduced to 4 or 5 dimensions, which in turn have been shown to correlate to relevant psychological constructs, such as personality. However, the number of dimensions emerging from multiple studies has varied despite the care taken in conducting such research. Data-driven approaches offer opportunities to further this line of research with actual listening data, at a scale and scope surpassing that of traditional psychological studies. Although listening data can be considered more direct and comprehensive evidence of listening preference, transforming this data into meaningful measurements is non-trivial. In the current paper, we report on investigations seeking to find interpretable underlying dimensions of music taste, using implicit large-scale listening data. Offering a critical reflection on potential researchers’ degrees of freedom, we adopt an explicit systematic approach, investigating the impact of varying different parameters, analysis, and normalization techniques. More precisely, we consider various ways to extract listening preference information from two large, openly available datasets of music listening behavior, making use of principal component analysis and variational autoencoders to extract potential underlying dimensions. Results and implications are discussed in light of prior psychological theory, and the potential of user listening data to further research on music preference.
1 ICTs , internal and external enablers of innovation : An analysis of selected KIBS sectors in different regional settings

Based on a representative sample of knowledge-intensive firms in Canada, this paper analyzes the organization of innovation in KIBS with respect to their use of ICTs, internal activities, knowledge sources and partnerships, and development of new services. The paper then examines whether there is any evidence that the organization of innovation varies according to the regional context in which KIBS are located, and whether innovation differs in three types of regions: large metropolitan regions, central urban regions, and small peripheral regions.
2019-08-02 Hybrid Rocket Engines : Development of Composite Fuels with Complex 3 D Printed Ports

of a thesis at the University of Miami. Thesis supervised by Professor and Chair Victoria Coverstone. No. of pages in text. (75) Hybrid rocket engines provide many advantages over current solid and liquid systems including: throttling capability, good specific impulse, and relatively low cost due to greater operational safety and simplicity. However, hybrid rockets are limited by low fuel regression rates and combustion efficiencies. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has been implemented in the design, print, and testing of hybrid rocket fuels. AM has enabled design of fuel grains with complex port geometries which are not possible or very difficult to achieve through conventional casting techniques. These geometries can be used to manipulate the oxidizer flow and interactions with the fuel to increase performance of the engine. Recent studies using a variety of performance enhancing geometries have shown significant regression rate increases. Although recent developments in additive manufacturing of hybrid fuels are promising, there are many geometries and configurations that remain unexplored. Additional testing is required to fully understand the performance enhancing mechanisms of complex fuel grain designs, demonstrate reliability, and explore potential new geometries. In this study (UM Study), work has been performed in gaining a fundamental understanding of hybrid rocket theory and developing fuel printing and testing capability. A thrust stand was developed at the University of Miami (UM) to conduct hot-fire experiments of printed fuels. Preliminary tests conducted at UM with ABS fuel grains and gaseous oxygen show baseline performance similar to previously published data. A process was also developed to additively manufacture and test a compound ABS+Aluminum complex port fuel grain, resulting in the first known successful test of a 3D printed ABS+Aluminum hybrid rocket fuel grain. Funding was provided by the Florida Space Grant Consortium (FSGC) Thesis Improvement Fellowship to acquire hardware and supplies for conducting experiments.
EUROPEAN ECONOMY Inflation Expectations , Consumption & the Lower Bound : Micro Evidence from a Large Euro Area Survey

This paper exploits a very large multi-country survey of consumers to investigate empirically the relationship between inflation expectations and consumer spending. We document that for the Euro Area and almost all of its constituent countries this relationship is generally positive: a higher expected change in inflation is associated with an increase in the probability that a given consumer will make major purchases. Moreover, in line with the predictions of macroeconomic theory, the impact is stronger when the lower bound on nominal interest rates is binding. Also, using the estimated spending probabilities from our micro-level analysis, we indirectly estimate the impact of a gradual increase in inflation expectations on aggregate private consumption. We find the effects to be economically relevant, especially when the lower bound is binding. JEL Classification: D12, D84, E21, E31, E52.
Task-Irrelevant Features in Visual Working Memory Influence Covert Attention: Evidence from a Partial Report Task

Selecting a target based on a representation in visual working memory (VWM) affords biasing covert attention towards objects with memory-matching features. Recently, we showed that even task-irrelevant features of a VWM template bias attention. Specifically, when participants had to saccade to a cued shape, distractors sharing the cue’s search-irrelevant color captured the eyes. While a saccade always aims at one target location, multiple locations can be attended covertly. Here, we investigated whether covert attention is captured similarly as the eyes. In our partial report task, each trial started with a shape-defined search cue, followed by a fixation cross. Next, two colored shapes, each including a letter, appeared left and right from fixation, followed by masks. The letter inside that shape matching the preceding cue had to be reported. In Experiment 1, either target, distractor, both, or no object matched the cue’s irrelevant color. Target-letter reports were most frequent in target-match trials and least frequent in distractor-match trials. Irrelevant cue and target color never matched in Experiment 2. Still, participants reported the distractor more often to the target’s disadvantage, when cue and distractor color matched. Thus, irrelevant features of a VWM template can influence covert attention in an involuntarily object-based manner when searching for trial-wise varying targets.
Real-valued syntactic word vectors

ABSTRACT We introduce a word embedding method that generates a set of real-valued word vectors from a distributional semantic space. The semantic space is built with a set of context units (words) which are selected by an entropy-based feature selection approach with respect to the certainty involved in their contextual environments. We show that the most predictive context of a target word is its preceding word. An adaptive transformation function is also introduced that reshapes the data distribution to make it suitable for dimensionality reduction techniques. The final low-dimensional word vectors are formed by the singular vectors of a matrix of transformed data. We show that the resulting word vectors are as good as other sets of word vectors generated with popular word embedding methods.
Primary Hyperacidity and Pyloric Stenosis-Some Thoughts

A review is given of the mechanisms which provide an effective gastric acid barrier to enteric infections in the first few weeks of life. Gastrin transfer from mother to baby at the time of labour initiates an early wave of gastric acidity to counteract the early alkalinising effect of swallowed liquor. A rising functional neonatal gastrin secretion (initially unrestrained by a negative feed-back with gastric acidity) maintains gastric hyperacidity, sufficient to keep the neonate safe from enteric infections in the first few weeks of life.
Effects of Prepartally Supplements of Vitamins and Trace Elements on Total Antioxidant and Oxidant Status and Udder Health Parameters on Day 14 Postpartum in Holstein-Friesian Cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prepartally injections of antioxidants on total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and udder health parameters on day 14 postpartum in Holstein-Friesian cows. Sixty-eight multiparous cows were divided into treatment (TRE; n=33) and control (CON; n=35) groups. Injections of vitamins (A, D and E) and trace elements ( Se, Cu, Zn and Mn) were administered intramuscularly to cows into the TRE group on 21±5 and 10±5 days prepartum. Blood and milk samples were collected to evaluate beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), TAS, TOS and udder health (somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (individual bacteria count (IBC) and colony formation unit (CFU)). TAS levels were higher in the TRE group than the CON group. And TOS levels were lower in the TRE group than the CON group (P<0.001). Cows in the TRE group had lower SCC than the cows in the CON group (p=0.042). In conclusion, prepartally supplements of antioxidants were effectively reduced levels of serum TOS and SCC and increased levels of serum TAS. But, it was detected that it did not affect on IBC and CFU levels.
Clocks On the Age of Eukaryotes : Evaluating Evidence from Fossils and Subject Collection The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes from Fossils and Molecular Clocks On the Age of Eukaryotes : Evaluating Evidence

Phylogenomic Perspective The Archaeal Legacy of Eukaryotes: A Lionel Guy, Jimmy H. Saw and Thijs J.G. Ettema Splicing Origin of Spliceosomal Introns and Alternative Manuel Irimia and Scott William Roy How Natural a Kind Is ''Eukaryote? '' W. Ford Doolittle Eukaryotic Epigenetics and Geochemistry on the Provenance of Imprints of Bacterial Biochemical Diversification Protein and DNA Modifications: Evolutionary
GENDER DIVERSITY IN THE BOARDROOM: THE CONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN DIRECTORS

The paper analyzes whether the minority, but increasing, proportion of women on boards of listed firms is symbolic or a true contribution to the governance of corporations. Our study on the appointment of women on board of directors of Spanish listed firms shows that the most active firms are those without women directors. Once in the board, women directors play a secondary role compared to their male counterparts, having a symbolic role in the relevant board committees such as nomination and remuneration. As expected, their presence does not affect, neither positively or negatively, the main monitoring activities of the board of directors such as CEO turnover, executive’s compensation or audit qualifications.