Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and description of a Korean microalga, Asterarcys quadricellulare KNUA020, and analysis of its biotechnological potential

A eukaryotic microalga, Asterarcys quadricellulare KNUA020, was isolated from garden soil at Kyungpook National University in Daegu, South Korea and its biotechnological potential was assessed. Optimal growth was obtained when the culture was incubated at 25°C and around pH 7.0. The total lipid content of the isolate was 15.5% of dry weight and its most abundant fatty acid was nutritionally important C18:3 ω3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA). In addition, a high-value fatty alcohol, hexadecenol (C20H40O), was also identified in this photosynthetic microorganism. Hence, A. quadricellulare KNUA020 appears to be promising for use in the production of microalgae-based biochemicals.
CALLING BEHAVIOR OF ZAMAGIRIA DIXOLOPHELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

The sapodilla bud borer, Zamagiria dixolo- phella Dyar, has been reported attacking the sapodilla Manilkara zapota van Royen in Mexico (Iruegas The larvae feed on the tender young shoots and fruits. Current control of this species is based upon the use of insecticides; however, chemical control of this pest is difﬁcult due to its cryptic nature. Mating disruption may be an alternative for controlling it. Although in Z. dixolophella the pheromone has not been iden-tiﬁed yet, it would be worthwhile to understand the inﬂuence of different factors in the release of pheromone to obtain a complete picture of the fac- tors governing the biology of the female sex pheromone system. Production and release of the sex pheromone in many inﬂuenced several biotic and abiotic the possible effect of host plant and the photo- on the calling behavior of Z. dixolophella under laboratory as a ﬁrst to iden- the sex pheromone.
A morphometric analysis of hominin teeth attributed to Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Homo

Teeth are the most common element in the fossil record and play a critical role in taxonomic assessments. Variability in extant hominoid species is commonly used as a basis to gauge expected ranges of variability in fossil hominin species. In this study, variability in lower first molars is visualised in morphospace for four extant hominoid species and seven fossil hominin species. A size-versus-shape-based principle component analysis plot was used to recognise spatial patterns applicable to sexual dimorphism in extant species for comparison with fossil hominin species. In three African great ape species, variability occurs predominantly according to size (rather than shape), with the gorilla sample further separating into a male and a female group according to size. A different pattern is apparent for the modern human sample, in which shape variability is more evident. There is overlap between male and female modern humans andsome evidence of grouping by linguistic/tribal populations. When fossil hominin species are analysed using equivalent axes of variance, the specimens group around species holotypes in quite similar patterns to those of the extant African great apes, but six individual fossil molars fall well outside of polygons circumscribing holotype clusters; at least three of these specimens are of interest for discussion in the context of sexual dimorphism, species variability and current species classifications. An implication of this study is that, especially in the case of modern humans, great caution needs to be exercised in using extant species as analogues for assessing variability considered to be a result of sexual dimorphism in fossil hominin species. Significance: Caution should be exercised in using modern analogue species as proxies for fossil hominin species variability. Exceptionally wide ranges of molar variability between certain fossil hominin specimens currently allocated to the same species might indicate possible misclassification. Molar morphology in gorillas tends to reflect primarily size, rather than shape, variability between the sexes, which is a consideration in the context of assessing possible sexual dimorphism in fossil homininspecies.
LIQUEFACTION MITIGATION OF GROUND TREATED WITH GRANULAR PILES: DENSIFICATION EFFECT

Ground treatment by rammed granular piles can offer effective solution amongst various other improvement methods. Densification of the surrounding ground by rammed granular piles modifies the soil properties. In this paper liquefaction mitigation of the ground treated by granular piles (GPs) is assessed considering the pore pressure generation and dissipation accounting for both the densification and drainage effects of GPs. Seed and Booker’s approach for pore water pressure generation and dissipation is applied with modifications for evaluating the densification effect of GPs. Specifically the modifications in coefficients of volume change and permeability of the soil surrounding the granular drains due to the densification effect are incorporated in the analysis under earthquake conditions and their effects quantified.
Basin scale estimates of evapotranspiration using GRACE and other observations

Evapotranspiration is integral to studies of the Earth system, yet it is difficult to measure on regional scales. One estimation technique is a terrestrial water budget, i.e., total precipitation minus the sum of evapotranspiration and net runoff equals the change in water storage. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravity observations are now enabling closure of this equation by providing the terrestrial water storage change. Equations are presented here for estimating evapotranspiration using observation based information, taking into account the unique nature of GRACE observations. GRACE water storage changes are first substantiated by comparing with results from a land surface model and a combined atmospheric‐terrestrial water budget approach. Evapotranspiration is then estimated for 14 time periods over the Mississippi River basin and compared with output from three modeling systems. The GRACE estimates generally lay in the middle of the models and may provide skill in evaluating modeled evapotranspiration.
Is Transformational Leadership Region-Centric in Nature?

The study aims at examining the effective operationalization of transformational leadership style which iscontingent upon regional culture. A qualitative approach using a single case revelatory method was adopted.Data were collected from a transformational leader, 22 employees of concerned companies, three districtadministrators and three suppliers who worked under the supervision of the leader and in the process ofoperations. The analysis revealed that successful a transformational leader is predisposed to maverick behaviour;building social capital, self-transcendence; the act of liaising between authorities, public and others stakeholders;a risk-taking ability coupled with operational expertise; and nurturant type leader with personal touch. The studydraws the attention of scholars that transformational leadership is manifested in social milieu and is differentfrom a universal model of transformational leadership. The paper concludes with a framework called “MSC TECRESTL” to understand the phenomenon of transformational leadership which is culturally grounded.
Genotype and environment interaction of drought tolerant rice genotypes evaluated in drought prone areas of Bangladesh

Field trials were conducted using ten rice genotypes including four national and international check varieties under drought prone rainfed environments of Rangpur, Nilphamari, Kurigram and Lalmonirhat districts of Bangladesh in Transplant Aman 2012 season to evaluate the growth duration and grain yield stability as well as adaptability. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth duration and Grain yield data were subjected to Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis. The mean growth duration of 10 genotypes over four environments showed that the longest growth duration was found for IR83383-B-B-129-4 (115.6 days) and the lowest growth duration was found for BRRI dhan56 (Ck) (113.4 days). IR82635-B-B-145-1 produced maximum 4.28 t/ha grain yield followed by 4.28 t/ha in IR82589-B-B-84-3 and the lowest grain yield was recorded for IR83376-B-B-130-2 with 3.24 t/ha. It was evident from the AMMI 1 biplot analysis that IR83377-B-B-93- 3, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR82635-B-B-75-2 and BRRI dhan56 (Ck) generally exhibited high yield with high main (additive) effects showing positive first principal component of the interaction (IPCA1), but IR82635-B-B-145-1 being the overall best. Hence, IR82635-B-B-145-1 was identified as specially adapted to Lalmonirhat and this environment was considered as the wide range suitable environment for the genotype. Lalmonirhat could be regarded as a good selection site for rice improvement due to stable yields. IR83377-B-B-93-3, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IRRI 123 (Ck), BRRI dhan57 (Ck) and BINA dhan7 (Ck) were hardly affected by the G × E interaction and would perform well across a wide range of environments. In AMMI 2 biplot, IR82635-B-B-145-1 and IRRI 123 (Ck) was more responsive since they were away from the origin whereas other genotypes were nearer to the origin and hence they were more stable to different environments. IR83383-B-B-129-4 was very close to the origin, so it was more stable to different environments. Similarly Rangpur Sadar and Lalmonirhat showed similar potentiality over IR83383-B-B-129-4. The study it revealed that IR83377-B-B-93-3, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR82635-B-B-75-2 and IR82589-B-B-84-3 has the potentiality to show drought tolerance for the regions and might be suitable for releasing as a variety after conducting proper yield evaluation trials and Distinction, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) tests. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 23-30, June 2016
Wind Tunnel Experimental Research on the Effect of Col Topography on Wind Environment

Investigation of meteorological disasters caused by small-scale topography shows that flashover due to wind age yaw occurred quite often where col topography existed. Considering that the distribution pattern of wind profile at different locations of a col topography is not clear, this paper, with wind tunnel tests, studied the influenced of such topographic features of a col as hill slope and valley mouth width on the wind profile at different locations. The results of wind tunnel tests indicated that over-hill wind has a stronger effect on wind velocity correction coefficient than does valley wind, that compared to flat terrain wind velocity, the maximum speed-up amplitude of wind velocity at valley throat and hill summit reach 33 and 53%, respectively, apparently higher than 10% specified in Codes, that wind velocity at valley throat increases with the increase of hill slope and decreases with the increase of valley mouth width, that wind velocity in the valley basically does not go up when the slope of one hill side is smaller than 0.1 and that wind velocity at the same non-dimensional height of a 3D hill summit increases with the increase of hill height.
Regional analysis of runoff thresholds behaviour in Southern Italy based on theoretically derived distributions

Abstract. The analysis of runoff thresholds and, more in general, the identification of main mechanisms of runoff generation controlling the flood frequency distribution is investigated, by means of theoretically derived flood frequency distributions, in the framework of regional analysis. Two nested theoretically-derived distributions are fitted to annual maximum flood series recorded in several basins of Southern Italy. Results are exploited in order to investigate heterogeneities and homogeneities and to obtain useful information for improving the available methods for regional analysis of flood frequency.
Galvanic Corrosion of Magnesium Coupled to Steel at High Cathode-to-Anode Area Ratios

Galvanic Corrosion of Magnesium Coupled to Steel at High Cathode-to-Anode Area Ratios Dila Ram Banjade Department of Chemical Engineering, BYU Master of Science In this study, the impact of galvanic coupling of magnesium to steel on the corrosion rate, surface morphology, and surface film formation was investigated. In particular, the role of selfcorrosion was quantified as previous studies showed discrepancies between model predictions and experimental results that were likely due to significant self-corrosion. This experimental study examined the corrosion of Mg coupled to steel in 5 wt% NaCl at cathode-to-anode area ratios that ranged from 5 to 27. Results showed that self-corrosion was significant and accounted for, on average, one-third of total corrosion. Moreover, self-corrosion varied with time and cathode size, and was accelerated by the high dissolution rate. Film formation was observed on the magnesium surface that inhibited the corrosion rates. This film contained approximately 30% of the Mg lost to corrosion. The morphology of the coupled Mg showed the rapid formation of pits with considerable depth, and was quite distinct from previously studied filiform and disk corrosion for uncoupled Mg. This study demonstrates the important role of self-corrosion during galvanic corrosion of Mg and the need to account for such corrosion when predicting corrosion rates. This study also provides important insight into the processes that control Mg corrosion under several conditions.
Structure and life time of circumstellar disks

Long hypothesized to be the origin of planetary systems, disks around newly formed stars have been studied in detail in the last twenty years. Most, if not all stars form surrounded by a disk, with typical masses of 0.001-0.3 M⊙ and up to several hundred AU. Molec- ular emission lines show the gas to be in Keplerian rotation, with most species (but not H2) frozen out onto dust grains in the cold and dense disk interior. The fraction of stars with disks decreases from > 80% at < 1 Myr to < 10% at 10 Myr. The disk 'half-life' is 2-3 Myr, with the inner and outer disks disappearing nearly simultaneously. There is a small but distinct populations of disks with cleared-out inner re- gions, so-called cold or transitional disks, explained by photoevapora- tion, planet formation, or binarity. Inside the disks, planet formation begins, with clear observational evidence for the growth of dust grains to sizes of a few cm at least.
The effect of exogenous silicon on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivars under salt stress conditions

ABSTRACT- Seed germination and early seedling growth are critical stages for plants establishment and production, particularly under salinity conditions. Exogenous application of silicon (Si) can enhance germination as well as seedling growth. In this experiment, the effect of priming with Si (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mM sodium silicate) on seed germination and seedling growth under NaCl (0, 100 and 150 mM) conditions was studied in two wheat cultivars of Kavir (salt tolerant) and Shiraz (salt sensitive). The experiment was designed as a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratoryof college of Agriculture, Shiraz University, in 2012. Results showed that seed priming by Si improved germination percentage, germination rate, vigor index, shoot and root length and seedling dry weight in both stress and non-stress conditions. Moreover, Si increased K+ uptake and K+/Na+ ratio and decreased Na+ content of cultivars with the effect of 2.25 mM being more pronounced. On the contrary, salt stress reduced the above traits andK+ uptake and K+/Na+ ratio and increased mean germination timeand Na+ uptake in both cultivars with the negative effects of 150 mMNaCl being more severe. However, the tolerant cultivar (Kavir) accumulated less Na+ and more K+ and had greater K+/Na+ ratio compared to non-tolerant cultivar (Shiraz). Although the salinity adversely affected seed germination and seedling growth in both cultivars, Kavir (tolerant cultivar) was less affected. It was concluded that priming with Si may promote germination and subsequent seedling growth of wheat cultivars under salinity conditions by reducing Na+ in favor of K+ accumulation.
Exploring Routes to Persuasive Online Advertising

Studies show that the Internet is gaining status as a mainstream medium for delivering advertisements and that online advertising may surpass advertising in traditional media. This study proposes a model for evaluating the effects of various elements of Internet advertisements on purchase intention and outlines a potential route by which persuasive messages might travel. A structural equation model is developed to test the causal effect between those constructs. The multiple-group analysis is applied to investigate the moderating effect of Internet usage. The empirical results show that (1) purchase intention is influenced indirectly by peripheral cues via the mediation of hedonic value, (2) purchase intention is influenced indirectly by central cues via the mediation of utilitarian value and search intention, (3) Internet usage plays a partial moderating role in persuasive communication, and (4) utilitarian value plays a critical meditating role by converting rational ad stimuli into purchase acts after the persuasive communication effected by online advertisements. This study clarified the process of consumer perception and interpretation towards online advertisement information, proposing two pathways for persuasion. Furthermore, we confirmed that in the event that more central cures are released in online advertisements, the consumers will enhance a greater utilitarian value to the message. This further induces greater search intention and purchase intention, the finding of which is the contribution of this study.
Effect of Sun, Oven and Freeze-Drying on Anthocyanins, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Black Grape (Ekşikara) (Vitis vinifera L.)

The aim of this study was to determine whether a change occurs in the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of grapes after drying. Grapes pre-treated with potassium hydroxide solution were dried using three different drying methods, namely freeze drying, oven drying and sun drying. The effectiveness of the drying methods was evaluated in terms of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP and DPPH), individual phenolics and anthocyanins. Losses in total phenolic content of the grapes were found to be 1.89, 20.26 and 46.79% for freeze-, oven- and sun-dried grapes respectively. The DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities of the grapes decreased after drying by all three methods, while an increase was observed in the FRAP value of freeze-dried grapes compared to the fresh sample. No significant effect of drying methods was observed on the gallic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate contents of the grapes. The highest levels of procyanidin B1, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, chlorogenic acid, trans-resveratrol and rutin were determined in freeze-dried grapes. Sun and oven drying caused drastic decreases in all anthocyanins, while no loss of anthocyanin was observed in freeze-dried grapes. Sun drying was found as the most detrimental drying method for grapes in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity when compared to the other drying methods.
Farm income inequality and the role of caste: new evidence from India

The paper analyses the relationship between net farm income per unit of land cultivated and caste divisions in India using a micro unit recorded nationally representative household survey conducted in 2004-05. Findings suggest that the groups that are generally considered disadvantaged (“Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes”) have, after controlling for other factors, substantially lower farm returns compared to the advantaged (“Others”) castes, whereas the “Other Backward Classes” occupy position in between. Decomposition of overall net farm income inequality using mean-log deviation indicates that the caste based inequality forms a substantial part of the overall net farm income inequality. Results call for policies for neutralizing the impact of caste on agricultural returns in addition to the general policy of land redistribution.
Physics of advanced tokamaks

Significant reductions in the size and cost of a fusion power plant core can be realized if simultaneous improvements in the energy replacement time, , and the plasma pressure or beta, can be achieved in steady-state conditions with high self-driven, bootstrap current fraction. Significant recent progress has been made in experimentally achieving these high performance regimes and in developing a theoretical understanding of the underlying physics. Three operational scenarios have demonstrated potential for steady-state high performance, the radiative improved mode, the high internal inductance or high scenario, and the negative central magnetic shear, NCS (or reversed shear) scenario. In a large number of tokamaks, reduced ion thermal transport to near neoclassical values, and reduced particle transport have been observed in the region of negative or very low magnetic shear: the transport reduction is consistent with stabilization of microturbulence by sheared flow. There is strong temporal and spatial correlation between the increased sheared flow, the reduction in the measured turbulence, and the reduction in transport. The DIII-D tokamak, the JET tokamak and the JT-60U tokamak have all observed significant increases in plasma performance in the NCS operational regime. Strong plasma shaping and broad pressure profiles, provided by the H-mode edge, allow high beta operation, consistent with theoretical predictions; and normalized beta values up to simultaneously with confinement enhancement over L-mode scaling, , have been achieved in the DIII-D tokamak. In the JT-60U tokamak, deuterium discharges with negative central magnetic shear have reached equivalent breakeven conditions, .
Time Delays in Cosmic Ray Propagation

Cosmic Rays (CR) travel at speeds essentially indistinguishable from the speed of light. However whilst travelling through magnetic fields, both regular and turbulent, they are delayed behind the light since they are usually charged particles and their paths are not linear. Those delays can be so long that they are an impediment to correctly identifying sources which may be variable in time. Furthermore deduction of CR sources without knowing CR time delays is not possible, so the magnitude of such delays will be discussed and compared to the characteristic time variation of possible cosmic ray sources.
Design and Performance Analysis of DSS (Dual Sink Based Scheme) Protocol for WBASNs

After a large improvement in health care services, Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBASN) is used in different fields where health care monitoring can be done continuously and from a distance. Many selected protocols are given in literature work which can improve the performance of WBASN by focusing on delay, routing and energy efficiency. In our research, we will focus on improving throughput, network life time, and decrease end-to-delay. In given research, the two sink nodes utilized and AnyCasting concept will be used. Dual Sinks based Scheme (DSS) for WBASN will be compared with existing DARE, SIMPLE, LAEEBA and M-ATTEMPT protocols. DSS performance found more efficient than DARE, SIMPLE, LAEEBA and M-ATTEMPT respectively in throughput. From results, DSS network life time is greater than DARE, SIMPLE, LAEEBA and M-ATTEMPT with minimum delay. In DSS, energy parameter is in tradeoff with the improved parameters, because of a computation of RSSI which do more process and utilize more energy.