Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coding artifact reduction by temporal filtering

In this paper the potential improvements by temporal coding artifact reduction are discussed. Whereas conventional spatial methods may suffer from flicker in the processed output due to variable intra frame processing or insufficient removal of coding artifacts, the temporal strategies are capable of flicker reduction and even re-establishment of details missing in the actual input frame. In addition to several temporal filter strategies a new concept for estimating the true motion over multiple input frames is proposed. As a result an image content adaptive spatio-temporal artifact reduction system is presented yielding an even higher output quality.
Spatial Work in Between Glass Ceilings and Glass Walls: Gender-Class Intersectionality and Organizational Aesthetics

This study explores the relations between organizational spatiality, gender, and class. It examines the work performed by managers and architects on the one hand, and by various groups of female employees on the other, in constructing, reproducing, and challenging gender-class identities through space-related means. Three types of gender-class spatial work are identified―discursive, material, and interpretive-emotional―to highlight the role of space in constructing and reconstructing inequality regimes within organizations. Applying insights from Lefebvre’s spatial theory, we analyze the case of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ new headquarters, demonstrating how the spatial work of various actors is both gendered and gendering. We also show how space is enacted by women from different social groups in accordance with their habitus and with the aim of distinguishing themselves from others.
Diseño instruccional para argumentación científica en línea

El proposito de la investigacion realizada fue evaluar la efectividad de la ensenanza de procesos estructurados de argumentacion en el desarrollo de la argumentacion cientifica de estudiantes inscritos en un curso virtual de Biotecnologia. Con un diseno experimental se compararon dos grupos de estudiantes, solo uno recibio orientacion sobre procesos de argumentacion. Ambos grupos participaron en un foro de trabajo colaborativo en linea. En ambos grupos la evaluacion de la competencia argumentativa se realizo aplicando el instrumento de evaluacion para argumentacion dialogica en linea, propuesta por Clark y Sampson (2008); este modelo consta de tres categorias: estructura argumentativa, calidad de la argumentacion y nivel de oposicion al que llega el grupo. Para realizar el experimento se construyo un diseno instruccional basado en la argumentacion dialogica. El primer componente del diseno corresponde a la ensenanza del modelo argumentativo. El segundo elemento es el contexto de aprendizaje a partir del cual se desarrolla la interaccion y el tercero corresponde a las mediaciones tecnologicas. El diseno instruccional se incorporo en el curso virtual de Biotecnologia alojado en la plataforma tecnologica de la Universidad, la cual utiliza Moddle 2X. Los resultados indicaron que el 60% de los estudiantes del grupo experimental utilizo todas las categorias argumentativas de Toulmin; al contrario, ningun estudiante del grupo control obtuvo un nivel de estructuracion con todas las categorias. Asimismo, la ensenanza explicita de procesos estructurados de argumentacion provoca mejor desempeno en el foro de trabajo colaborativo en aspectos como nivel de calidad de los argumentos y nivel de oposicion.
PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN USAHA MIKRO DENGAN ECONOMIC ENTITY CONCEPT

@font-face { font-family: "Times New Roman"; }@font-face { font-family: "宋体"; }@font-face { font-family: "Calibri"; }@font-face { font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT"; }p.MsoNormal { line-height: 107%; font-family: Calibri; }span.msoIns { text-decoration: underline; color: blue; }span.msoDel { text-decoration: line-through; color: red; }div.Section0 { } Pengelolaan keuangan menjadi salah satu masalah yang seringkali terabaikan oleh para pelaku bisnis Usaha Mikro , khususnya berkaitan dengan penerapan kaidah-kaidah pengelolaan keuangan dan akuntansi yang benar. Masalah ini biasanya timbul dikarenakan pengetahuan dan informasi pelaku Usaha Mikro mengenai akuntansi sangat terbatas, latar belakang pendidikan para pelaku Usaha Mikro juga mempengaruhi pengetahuan para pelaku Usaha Mikro, begitu pula dengan masalah yang dihadapi oleh Dhi Sablon dan Printing. Dalam akuntansi, economic entity concept merupakan konsep yang sangat ideal untuk Usaha Mikro, karena dengan menggunakan konsep ini Usaha Mikro akan mengetahui laba operasional usaha yang sebenarnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Usaha Mikro Dhi Sablon dan Printing berusaha menerapkan economic entity concept di dalam usahanya meskipun belum sempurna. Dengan penerapan tersebut Usaha Mikro ini juga membuat laporan keuangan meskipun secara sederhana. Manfaat yang dirasakan Usaha Mikro Dhi Sablon dan Printing adalah memudahkan usahanya ketika ingin mengembangkan usahanya melalui pinjaman pada pihak lain (Pihak Bank)
Effect of l-ornithine-l-aspartate on patients with and without TIPS undergoing glutamine challenge: a double blind, placebo controlled trial

BACKGROUND AND AIM An oral glutamine load in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation was shown to cause a rise in blood ammonia and psychometric abnormalities which were reversed by hepatic transplantation. l-Ornithine-l-aspartate (LOLA) has been shown to reduce ammonia and improve psychometric function in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of LOLA in healthy patients with cirrhosis and no evidence of clinical encephalopathy after challenging the central nervous system by administration of oral glutamine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight cirrhotics (Child's B or C) without transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) and seven with TIPS underwent two oral glutamine (20 g) challenges, receiving LOLA (5 g intravenously) on one occasion and placebo on the other in random order. Psychometric tests, including choice reaction time (CRT) and number connection test, were performed before and after glutamine, together with electroencephalography and blood ammonia. RESULTS Mean basal ammonia was 27 (SEM 5) μmol/l in non-TIPS and 76 (10) μmol/l in TIPS patients (p<0.05). Basal CRT 2 was 0.643 (0.033) s in non-TIPS and 0.825 (0.076) s in TIPS patients (p<0.02). In non-TIPS patients, ammonia increased to 36 (10) μmol/l when LOLA was administered and to 62 (13) μmol/l with placebo (p<0.02). There was no alteration in psychometric function in non-TIPS patients after glutamine when LOLA was given but when placebo was given, glutamine caused prolongation of CRT (p=0.02). Glutamine did not affect psychometric function in TIPS patients with or without LOLA. CONCLUSION This study showed that LOLA ameliorated the deleterious psychometric effects of glutamine in Child's grade B and C patients with cirrhosis without TIPS and supports its use in clinical practice in hepatic encephalopathy.
Induction of a CD3+/CD56+ lymphocyte population following gene therapy with transgenic IL-2 secreting fibroblasts in a child with peripheral neuroectodermal malignancy.

BACKGROUND Adjuvant interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy after stem cell transplantation can improve the prognosis of patients with Ewing tumors. This has been attributed to stimulation of the immune system and its antineoplastic activity, thus eliminating minimal residual disease. As the side effects of systemic IL-2 limit the dosage, attempts have been made to locally augment the concentration of IL-2 in the proximity of the tumor. To achieve this, fibroblasts and/or tumor cells can be genetically modified to secrete IL-2 and then be injected to generate tumor immunogen. PROCEDURE In a preliminary clinical trial we assessed whether the administration of transgenic IL-2-secreting fibroblasts was feasible without major toxicity and whether it had any effect regarding the activation of the immune system. We treated an 11-year-old boy with a peripheral neuroectodermal tumor of the left neck in fourth relapse, who was refractory to all available therapy. We transfected fibroblasts of the patient with an IL-2 gene expression vector using a cationic liposome reagent. In 51Cr cytotoxicity assays we obtained lysis of this patient's tumor cells by IL-2-stimulated mononuclear cells (MNCs). Under CT-guidance we intratumorally injected IL-2 transgenic autologous fibroblasts. RESULTS We observed no local or systemic toxicity. In addition, we found a rise in the CD3+CD56+ lymphocyte population, previously described as cytokine-induced killer cells. No other hematological parameter changed significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the intratumoral injection of transgenic IL-2-secreting fibroblasts is feasible without major toxicity and may lead to an increase in CD3+CD56+ cells.
Estimation of variance and covariance components to determine heritabilities and repeatability of weaning weight in American Simmental cattle.

Components of (co)variance for weaning weight were estimated from field data provided by the American Simmental Association. These components were obtained for the observational components of variance corresponding to a sire, maternal grandsire, and dam within maternal grandsire model. From these estimates, direct additive genetic variance (Sigma2A), maternal additive genetic variance (Sigma2M), covariance between direct and maternal additive genetic effects (SigmaAM), variance of permanent environment(Sigma2pe) and temporary environment variance(Sigma2te) were determined. A procedure to approximate restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of the observational components of variance based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is described. From these results, phenotypic variance ( ) of weaning weight was 667.88 kg2. Values forSigma2A, Sigma2M, Sigma2pe and Sigma2te were 79,30,58,38,49.45, and 469.97 kg2, respectively. Genetic correlation between direct and maternal additive genetic effects was . 16.
The Variability and Dietary Dependence of Urinary Oxalate Excretion in Recurrent Calcium Stone Formers

Twenty-two recurrent calcium stone formers had 24-h urinary oxalate excretions on their home diets which were significantly greater than those of 30 normal subjects (0·48±0·23 mmol/d; mean±SD compared with 0·31±0·11; P<0·01). The stone formers also demonstrated marked day to day variability in oxalate excretion indicating that a single normal urinary oxalate measurement did not exclude significant hyperoxaluria at other times. On a hospital diet containing 1000 mg calcium per day, urinary oxalate excretion fell significantly from 0·48±0·23 mmol/d to 0·32±0·12; P<0·01. As the urinary calcium excretion in and out of hospital was similar, it seems unlikely that low calcium intake at home was responsible for the hyperoxaluria. All patients had recurrent symptomatic stone disease and had been advised to avoid foods rich in oxalate. Whilst poor compliance is a possible explanation for the variability in oxalate excretion, we believe it is more likely that there is an inadvertent intake of oxalogenic precursors in their diet. As normal subjects do not demonstrate hyperoxaluria on similar home diets, stone formers may have a metabolic defect in the handling of these precursors.
Activation of acetylcholine receptor channels by covalently bound agonists in cultured rat myoballs.

Kinetic and equilibrium aspects of receptor activation by two irreversibly bound ('tethered') agonists, QBr and bromoacetylcholine (BrACh), were examined in cultured embryonic rat muscle. Myoballs were treated with dithiothretitol (2 mM), washed, exposed to BrACh or QBr, and then washed again. Voltage‐clamp recordings were made both in the whole‐cell mode and with excised outside‐out patches at 15 degrees C. Whole‐cell voltage‐jump relaxations resembled those observed with reversibly bound agonists. The relaxation time constants were 5 ms for tethered QBr and 10 ms for tethered BrACh (‐100 mV, 15 degrees C). At more positive membrane potentials, the relaxation rate constants increased and the conductance decreased. Whole‐cell light‐flash relaxations with tethered QBr were also studied. The conductance was increased and decreased, respectively, by cis‐‐‐‐trans and trans‐‐‐‐cis photoisomerizations. The relaxation time constants equalled those for voltage jumps. The functional stoicheiometry of tethered QBr was investigated by studying the relaxations in response to light flashes that produced known changes in the mole fractions of the two isomers. It is concluded that the open state of each receptor channel is controlled by the isomeric state of a single tethered QBr molecule. In single‐channel recordings, tethered agonists opened channels with the same conductance as reversibly bound agonists (30 pS at 15 degrees C and ‐100 mV). More than 80% of the conductance was contributed by a population of openings with an average burst duration (lifetime) of 5 ms for QBr and 10 ms for BrACh. Thus the single‐channel and macroscopic currents seem to be dominated by the same type of channel; these are presumably monoliganded receptors. About 30% of the openings belonged to a population with an average lifetime of about 0.5 ms. This population contributed less than 5% of the conductance. There were also more long openings (greater than 50 ms) than expected from a simple exponential distribution. A few patches from BrACh‐treated cells showed openings with a conductance of 45 pS (‐100 mV) and an average duration of approximately 2 ms. These data allow one to assess whether the agonist‐receptor binding step plays a role in generating the brief openings. The main population of openings (burst durations 5 ms with QBr and 10 ms with BrACh) seem to be contributed by monoliganded receptors. One can therefore rule out the hypothesis that the brief channels arise exclusively from mono‐ and biliganded receptors, respectively.
Cutting Edge: The Human Cytomegalovirus UL40 Gene Product Contains a Ligand for HLA-E and Prevents NK Cell-Mediated Lysis1

Human CMV has evolved multiple strategies to interfere with immune recognition of the host. A variety of mechanisms target Ag presentation by MHC class I molecules resulting in a reduced class I cell-surface expression. This down-regulation of class I molecules is expected to trigger NK cytotoxicity, which would have to be counteracted by the virus to establish long-term infection. Here we describe that the human CMV open reading frame UL40 encodes a canonical ligand for HLA-E, identical with the HLA-Cw03 signal sequence-derived peptide. Expression of UL40 in HLA-E-positive target cells conferred resistance to NK cell lysis via the CD94/NKG2A receptor. Generation of the UL40-derived HLA-E ligand was also observed in TAP-deficient cells. The presence of a functional TAP-independent HLA-E ligand in the UL40 signal sequence implicates this viral gene as an important negative regulator of NK activity.
Failed needle decompression of bilateral spontaneous tension pneumothorax

This case report presents a young male admitted with primary bilateral spontaneous tension pneumothorax and severe respiratory distress. This is an extremely rare condition. The patient was on the verge of hypoxic cardiac arrest and the attempted needle thoracocentesis was unsuccessful. Needle thoracocentesis in the midclavicular line of the second intercostal space is widely used and recommended as first‐line treatment of tension pneumothorax. Reviewing the literature, the procedure is not based on solid evidence. It has high failure rates and potentially serious complications. Alternatives to this approach are perhaps more appropriate. Correctly done, needle thoracocentesis has its place in the presence of a diagnosed or suspected tension pneumothorax when no other options are available. If needle thoracocentesis is chosen, then insertion in the mid‐anterior axillary line of the 3rd–5th intercostal space is an appropriate alternative site. Otherwise, lateral thoracostomy, with or without chest tube insertion, is a safe procedure with a high success rate. It should be considered as the first‐line treatment of tension pneumothorax, particularly in the unstable patient.
Microbiological control of soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi with special emphasis on wilt-inducing Fusarium oxysporum.

Plant diseases induced by soil-borne plant pathogens are among the most difficult to control. In the absence of effective chemical control methods, there is renewed interest in biological control based on application of populations of antagonistic micro-organisms. In addition to Pseudomonas spp. and Trichoderma spp. , which are the two most widely studied groups of biological control agents, the protective strains of Fusarium oxysporum represent an original model. These protective strains of F. oxysporum can be used to control wilt induced by pathogenic strains of the same species. Exploring the mechanisms involved in the protective capability of these strains is not only necessary for their development as commercial biocontrol agents but raises many basic questions related to the determinism of pathogenicity versus biocontrol capacity in the F. oxysporum species complex. In this paper, current knowledge regarding the interaction between the plant and the protective strains is reviewed in comparison with interactions between the plant and pathogenic strains. The success of biological control depends not only on plant-microbial interactions but also on the ecological fitness of the biological control agents.
Surface structures (peritrichous fibrils and tufts of fibrils) found on Streptococcus sanguis strains may be related to their ability to coaggregate with other oral genera

We screened 36 strains of Streptococcus sanguis biotype I and 8 strains of S. sanguis biotype II for the presence of surface structures and for their ability to coaggregate with Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Negative staining under an electron microscope revealed detectable surface structures on all S. sanguis strains. The majority of strains (38 of 44) carried peritrichous fibrils, which have an irregular profile and no distinct width. They usually appeared as a fringe with a constant width around the cell. Strains selected for measurement had a fringe with an average length of 72.4 +/- 8.5 nm on biotype I strains and 51.6 +/- 3.3 nm on biotype II strains. Some fibrillar biotype I strains carried an additional, longer (158.7 +/- 33.1 nm) type of fibril projecting through the shorter fibrils. Fibrillar density was characteristic for each strain, ranging from very dense on all cells in a population to very sparse on a few cells in a population. A small group of six strains carried tufts of fibrils in a lateral or polar position on the cell. Either one or two lengths of fibril were present in the tuft depending on the strain. One strain carried both peritrichous fibrils and fimbriae. Fimbriae are flexible structures with a constant width (4.5 to 5.0 nm) all along their length but very variable lengths (less than or equal to 0.7 micron) on each cell. S. sanguis I and II both included strains with peritrichous fibrils and tufts of fibrils, but the mixed morphotype strain was confined to biotype II. Fibrils were present on cells at all stages throughout the growth cycle for the strains tested. Freshly isolated fibrillar strains coaggregated consistently well with A. viscosus and A. naeslundii, although some fibrillar reference strains lacked the ability. In addition, all tufted strains could not coaggregate, but the strains with the mixed morphotype coaggregated well. Coaggregation with F. nucleatum was very strong for the fibrillar strains, but less strong for the tufted strains. We discuss the possible correlation between S. sanguis surface structure and ability to coaggregate.
Spatiotemporal Filter for Visual Motion Integration from Pursuit Eye Movements in Humans and Monkeys

Despite the enduring interest in motion integration, a direct measure of the space–time filter that the brain imposes on a visual scene has been elusive. This is perhaps because of the challenge of estimating a 3D function from perceptual reports in psychophysical tasks. We take a different approach. We exploit the close connection between visual motion estimates and smooth pursuit eye movements to measure stimulus–response correlations across space and time, computing the linear space–time filter for global motion direction in humans and monkeys. Although derived from eye movements, we find that the filter predicts perceptual motion estimates quite well. To distinguish visual from motor contributions to the temporal duration of the pursuit motion filter, we recorded single-unit responses in the monkey middle temporal cortical area (MT). We find that pursuit response delays are consistent with the distribution of cortical neuron latencies and that temporal motion integration for pursuit is consistent with a short integration MT subpopulation. Remarkably, the visual system appears to preferentially weight motion signals across a narrow range of foveal eccentricities rather than uniformly over the whole visual field, with a transiently enhanced contribution from locations along the direction of motion. We find that the visual system is most sensitive to motion falling at approximately one-third the radius of the stimulus aperture. Hypothesizing that the visual drive for pursuit is related to the filtered motion energy in a motion stimulus, we compare measured and predicted eye acceleration across several other target forms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A compact model of the spatial and temporal processing underlying global motion perception has been elusive. We used visually driven smooth eye movements to find the 3D space–time function that best predicts both eye movements and perception of translating dot patterns. We found that the visual system does not appear to use all available motion signals uniformly, but rather weights motion preferentially in a narrow band at approximately one-third the radius of the stimulus. Although not universal, the filter predicts responses to other types of stimuli, demonstrating a remarkable degree of generalization that may lead to a deeper understanding of visual motion processing.
Determinants of MR relaxation rates in jaw cysts: implications for diagnostic values of the relaxation times.

OBJECTIVES The MRI signal intensities and the relaxation times (T1 and T2) have already been used for comparisons among various types of cysts. The signal intensities (or T1 and T2) were suggested to be related to cyst content. However, such a relationship between the relaxation rates (1/T1 and 1/T2) and the aspirated content of jaw cysts was not given. Therefore, an investigation on the determinants of the relaxation rates in the jaw cysts may be helpful in elucidating the biological basis for the differences in relaxation rates among the categories of jaw cysts. METHODS The aspirated contents of 23 cysts (16 radicular and 7 haemorrhagic) were scanned using an MR imager operating at 1 T magnetic field strength. The viscosities and the dry-weight-to-water-weight ratios (Ms/Mw) were determined. Also, the mean values of cyst categories were compared using statistical analysis. RESULTS The 1/T1 had a moderate correlation with viscosity (0.66) and Ms/Mw (0.56), while the 1/T2 had a good correlation with viscosity (0.87) and Ms/Mw (0.82). The mean values of viscosity, Ms/Mw and relaxation rates in radicular cysts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of haemorrhagic cysts. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that similarities and differences between relaxation rates of radicular and haemorrhagic cysts can be explained by the solid content and viscosity of cysts.