Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No Man Lives on an Island: Habitual Agency and Complexity in Entrepreneurial Decision-Making

An entrepreneur's creation of value and moral leadership is primarily an individualised phenomenon. The objective of this study is to develop a socio-cognitive model where an entrepreneur's enactment of valuable opportunities and a moral awareness for others operate within a complex social setting. We develop a 'practiced' concept of 'habitual agency' where an entrepreneur enacts tightly coupled stakeholder exchanges that confirm an entrepreneur's asymmetric advantage. This habitual agency seeks not only to reduce the 'causal ambiguities' surrounding complex stakeholder exchanges, but also to repeatedly apply a generalised moral standard - golden rule - to an entrepreneur's tightly coupled exchange partners. This socio-cognitive explanation of entrepreneurship appeals to the holistic and interdependent tenets of complex systems where entrepreneurship cannot be examined in isolation of the complexities of their social realities. The implications and contributions of this socio-cognitive approach to entrepreneurship and complexity research are also highlighted.
Hospitalization Costs for Endovascular and Surgical Treatment of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms in the United States Are Substantially Higher Than Medicare Payments

Aneurysm clipping is associated with longer hospital stays and higher total charges. Because coiling of aneurysms has become routine, it is important to know how much we are getting paid for these 2 procedures. For uncomplicated treatments, the average Medicare payment for clipping and coiling was 49% and 53%, respectively. For patients with major complications, the average percentage payments decreased to 34% and 41% for coiling and clipping, respectively. Therefore, hospitalization costs for patients undergoing clipping and coiling of unruptured cerebral aneurysms are substantially higher than Medicare payments. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Both endovascular and surgical options are available for treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. We conducted a study to determine the costs versus Medicare reimbursement for hospitalization of these patients, which is important information for understanding the economic impact of these patients on hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the NIS, we identified hospitalizations for clipping and coiling of unruptured cerebral aneurysms from 2001 to 2008 by cross-matching ICD-9 codes for diagnosis of unruptured aneurysm with procedure codes for clipping or coiling of cerebral aneurysms and excluding all patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. Hospital costs for 2008 were correlated with age, sex, and discharge status and compared with Medicare payments. RESULTS: Costs of both clipping and coiling have increased from 2001 to 2008. The median 2008 hospital costs were $23,574 (IQR, $18,233–$29,941) for clipping and $25,734 (IQR, $17,436–$35,846) for coiling without complications, which were higher than the average Medicare payment of $12,599. The median hospital costs were $36,188 (IQR, $21,831–$55,308) for clipping and $40,502 (IQR, $24,289–$50,108) for coiling treatments complicated by major morbidity and $68,165 (IQR, $32,972–$100,211) for clipping and $56,020 for coiling treatments complicated by mortality, which were higher than the average Medicare payment for patients with major complications and comorbidities of $22,946. In multivariate analysis, female sex was associated with higher costs for coiling (P = .02), and poor discharge status was associated with higher costs for both clipping (P < .001) and coiling (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization costs for patients undergoing clipping and coiling of unruptured cerebral aneurysms are substantially higher than Medicare payments.
Compartments and the topography of leg afferent projections in Drosophila

The legs of Drosophila are covered with mechanosensory bristles, innervated by sensory neurons that project to the CNS in a very orderly manner. We examined this afferent projection by staining the sensory neurons associated with identified bristles in wild-type, engrailed and scute flies. We observe that anterior neurons project to an anterior region of the ventral neuropil, while posterior neurons project to a more posterior region. We rule out that this difference depends on the compartment of origin of the receptors. Our results also argue against explanations based on other factors that might correlate to anterior/posterior position: peripheral organization of the leg nerve, competitive interactions, or differences in times of birth. We suggest that position itself is the primary determinant of this projection.
Using pullback pressure measurements to identify venous stenoses persisting after successful angioplasty in failing hemodialysis grafts.

OBJECTIVE We used pullback pressure measurements to identify venous stenoses persisting after angioplasty of failing hemodialysis grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty angioplasty procedures were performed in 32 patients with elevated venous pressures at dialysis. Grafts were initially evaluated on digital subtraction angiography, and all stenoses measuring greater than 50% on angiography underwent angioplasty. In successful cases (residual stenosis < 30%), pullback pressure measurements were obtained from the superior vena cava to the graft to identify hemodynamically significant (> 10 mm Hg) stenoses. These lesions were then treated with repeated angioplasty. RESULTS Hemodynamically significant stenoses with a gradient range of 10-27 mm Hg (mean, 16 mm Hg) were found in nine (18%) of 50 procedures. All gradients occurred at sites of previous angioplasty. Repeated angioplasty of these stenoses performed with larger angioplasty balloons reduced gradients to less than 3 mm Hg in six stenoses and to 5 mm Hg in three stenoses. In this subgroup, primary patency was eight (89%) of nine stenoses at 1 month and 2 months and five (56%) of nine stenoses at 6 months. Using life table analysis, we found that primary patency of the entire population was 84% at 1 month, 66% at 2 months, and 47% at 6 months. The mean time between interventions was 6 months, and the thrombosis rate was 0.32 per year. CONCLUSION Pullback pressure measurements are a useful adjunct to angiography to evaluate the hemodynamic results of angioplasty in patients with failing hemodialysis grafts.
Combined effect of age and severity on the risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease

Age and severity of extrapyramidal signs have been consistently associated with incident dementia in Parkinson's disease. We evaluated the separate and combined effects of age and severity of extrapyramidal signs on the risk of incident dementia in Parkinson's disease in the setting of a population‐based prospective cohort study. Age and the total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score at baseline evaluation were dichotomized at the median. Four groups of Parkinson's disease patients were defined: younger age/low severity (reference), younger age/high severity, older age/low severity, and older age/high severity. Risk ratios for incident dementia were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models controlling for gender, education, ethnicity, and duration of Parkinson's disease. Of 180 patients, 52 (28.9%) became demented during a mean follow‐up period of 3.6 ± 2.2 years. The median age at baseline of the Parkinson's disease patients was 71.8 years (range, 38.5–95.9 years), and the median total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score was 24 (range, 2–65). The group with older age/high severity had a significantly increased risk of incident dementia (relative risk, 9.7; 95% confidence interval, 3.9–24.4) compared with the group with younger age/low severity (reference), whereas the groups with older age/low severity (relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–4.8) and younger age/high severity (relative risk, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–3.2) did not. These findings suggest that the increased risk of incident dementia in Parkinson's disease associated with age and severity of extrapyramidal signs is related primarily to their combined effect rather than separate effects.
High Performance Work System in India: Examining the Role of Employee Engagement

ABSTRACT The research aims at examining the relevance of “high-performance work system” in Indian context. Further, influenced by the concept of “black box,” the mediating role of employee engagement has also been tested. Agreeing with the universalistic perspective, the study result proves the relevance of high-performance work system to India. Consistent with ability-motivation-opportunity theory, the result also proved that high-performance work system aligned with employee engagement can significantly improve organizational performance. The finding suggests the Indian corporate practitioners to adopt high-performance work system by suitably aligning with employee engagement to improve organizational performance.
Methodological aspects of assessing speech intelligibility among children with impaired hearing

Objective In the assessment of speech intelligibility, procedures that are easy to use, but also valid and reliable, are needed. The aim of this study was to explore the reliability and concurrent validity of two scaling methods for assessing the speech intelligibility of children with impaired hearing. Material and Methods A total of 51 children aged 4–17 years with a mild to profound hearing impairment performed a naming task comprising 62 single words. Altogether, 85 inexperienced listeners, divided into 17 panels, assessed the speech production of the children. A percent correct score (for identification of the words) was obtained from every listener. The listeners were also asked to judge the overall intelligibility of each child using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a four-point ordinal level rating scale with verbal descriptors. Results The percent correct score correlated significantly both with the VAS and the rating scale with verbal descriptors (Pearsons’ coefficient 0.90 and Spearman's coefficient 0.78, respectively). Also, the VAS and the scale with verbal descriptors were significantly intercorrelated (Spearman's rho 0.85). Moderate to high correlations were usually obtained for all grades of hearing impairment, both sexes, different age groups and main communication modes. Conclusions Especially for assessing the need for remediation of speech and in monitoring its effectiveness, a quick overall estimate of speech intelligibility can be obtained quite reliably using the above rating scales. Item identification is more time-consuming but is often needed in research and therapy planning, where acoustic and linguistic phenomena that reduce intelligibility need to be traced.
An Annulus-Sector Segmented Primary Mirror

Ultrahigh resolution optical imaging with large aperture is increasingly desired in space-based remote sensing and imaging system, but it is usually limited by volume and mass constraints of launch vehicle due to size and weight of the imaging system. In this paper, an annulus-sector segment primary mirror is presented, which is in high obscuration with circularity symmetrical annulus-sector around. The different structure types of the annulus-sector segment aperture are discussed, while two important parameters, width–diameter ratio and the subaperture angle are also studied. An annulus-sector optical lens is processed to verify the image performance. Experimental results show that modulation transfer function of annulus-sector segment optical system can be up to 0.23(50 lp/mm), which approaches the optical resolution of full aperture optical system with smaller size and lighter weight.
Multifunctional agriculture: evaluation of non-production benefits using the Analytical Hierarchy Process

Sustainable land use in agriculture involves the management of economic, environmental, and social services. in order to make the widely accepted concept of sustainable multifunctional agriculture operative for the design of agricultural policies, it is necessary to estimate the social demand for non-production outputs. This paper addresses the issue of matching agricultural policy with public preferences and willingness to pay for the possible non-production benefits that agriculture may deliver. given the diversity of economic, social and environmental services, and the diversity of public needs, the reported study attempts to simplify and evaluate a very complex set of multifunctionality issues and to investigate the policy relevant trade-offs using the combination of the contingent Valuation (cV) and the Analytical hierarchy Process (AhP) methods. The results obtained demonstrate the existence of a significant public demand for the investigated non-production outputs included in the multifunctionality concept in the czech republic.
Communicating prognosis and end-of-life care to heart failure patients: A survey of heart failure nurses’ perspectives

Background: Many heart failure (HF) patients have palliative care needs, but communication about prognosis and end-of-life care is lacking. HF nurses can play an important role in such communication, but their views on this have rarely been sought. Aims: This study aims to describe HF nurses’ perspectives on, and daily practice regarding, discussing prognosis and end-of-life care with HF patients in outpatient care. It further aims to explore barriers, facilitators and related factors for discussing these issues. Methods: A national survey including nurses from outpatient clinics and primary health care centres was performed. Data was collected using a questionnaire on communication with HF patients about prognosis and end-of-life care. Results: In total, 111 (82%) of the HF nurses completed the questionnaire. Most of them reported that physicians should have the main responsibility for discussing prognosis (69%) and end-of-life care (67%). Most nurses felt knowledgeable to have these discussions, but 91% reported a need for further training in at least one of the areas. Barriers for communication about prognosis and end-of-life care included the unpredictable trajectory of HF, patients’ comorbidities and the opinion that patients in NYHA class II-III are not in the end-of-life. Conclusion: Although HF nurses feel competent discussing prognosis and end-of-life care with the HF patient, they are hesitant to have these conversations. This might be partly explained by the fact that they consider the physician to be responsible for such conversations, and by perceived barriers to communication. This implies a need for clinical policy and education for HF nurses to expand their knowledge and awareness of the patients’ possible needs for palliative care.
The possibility of nonpolypoid carcinogenesis in the large intestine as inferred from frequencies of DNA aneuploidy of polypoid and crater‐shaped carcinomas

DNA ploidy patterns were studied by cytofluorometry in 60 cases of crater‐shaped invasive carcinoma and 30 cases of polypoid tumor (severe dysplasia or submucosally invasive carcinoma located in the pedunculated, semipedunculated, or sessile polyp) of the large intestine. The data were compared with 20 cases of intramucosal differentiated (or intestinal type) adenocarcinoma of the stomach, with special reference to their macroscopic shape and frequency of DNA aneuploidy. DNA aneuploidy was found in 77% of the crater‐shaped carcinomas and in 17% of the polypoid tumors of the large intestine. The frequencies were significantly different and the frequency gap amounted to 60%. However, 18 of 20 (90%) gastric adenocarcinomas were nonpolypoid in shape, whereas two (10%) were polypoid. DNA aneuploidy was found in 50% of the gastric adenocarcinomas and 56% of the nonpolypoid gastric adenocarcinomas. This value did not differ from the values reported previously for the submucosally invasive and advanced crater‐shaped intestinal type adenocarcinomas of the stomach. Biologic characteristics of adenocarcinomas of the large intestine can be compared with those of intestinal type adenocarcinomas of the stomach, because intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma is surrounded mostly by intestinalized mucosa and considered to arise from the epithelium under induction or progression of intestinal differentiation. Therefore, we inferred that the frequency gap in DNA aneuploidy between the crater‐shaped and polypoid tumors of the large intestine implies that in the large intestine approximately 60% of the crater‐shaped invasive carcinomas develop from the small nonpolypoid carcinomas.
GENE FREQUENCY AND LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF HLA‐DRB1*04 HAPLOTYPES IN A SOUTH WALES POPULATION

HLA‐DRB1*04 allele frequencies have been determined in 184 HLA‐DR4‐positive unrelated blood donors from the South Wales area, using group‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and hybridization with sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes, PCR amplification with sequence‐specific primers, and PCR single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis.
The rib1 Mutant of Arabidopsis Has Alterations in Indole-3-Butyric Acid Transport, Hypocotyl Elongation, and Root Architecture1

Polar transport of the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) has recently been shown to occur in Arabidopsis (Arabidopis thaliana) seedlings, yet the physiological importance of this process has yet to be fully resolved. Here we describe the first demonstration of altered IBA transport in an Arabidopsis mutant, and show that the resistant to IBA (rib1) mutation results in alterations in growth, development, and response to exogenous auxin consistent with an important physiological role for IBA transport. Both hypocotyl and root IBA basipetal transport are decreased in rib1 and root acropetal IBA transport is increased. While indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport levels are not different in rib1 compared to wild type, root acropetal IAA transport is insensitive to the IAA efflux inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid in rib1, as is the dependent physiological process of lateral root formation. These observed changes in IBA transport are accompanied by altered rib1 phenotypes. Previously, rib1 roots were shown to be less sensitive to growth inhibition by IBA, but to have a wild-type response to IAA in root elongation. rib1 is also less sensitive to IBA in stimulation of lateral root formation and in hypocotyl elongation under most, but not all, light and sucrose conditions. rib1 has wild-type responses to IAA, except under one set of conditions, low light and 1.5% sucrose, in which both hypocotyl elongation and lateral root formation show altered IAA response. Taken together, our results support a model in which endogenous IBA influences wild-type seedling morphology. Modifications in IBA distribution in seedlings affect hypocotyl and root elongation, as well as lateral root formation.
Differences in the activation patterns between sustained and self-terminating episodes of human ventricular fibrillation

BACKGROUND. Experimental studies have suggested that R-R interval dynamics during ventricular fibrillation (VF) have organized features, but whether dynamic behavior of non-sustained VF differs from sustained VF is unknown. AIM. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the dynamics of R-R intervals during non-sustained VF differs from the dynamics during sustained VF. METHODS. A group of 67 patients undergoing routine implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) testing was studied. Forty-three VF events containing mean of 38 local cardiac activation intervals before the termination by ICD shock were analyzed. From intracardiac electrogram recordings, the ratio between the short and long term variability (SD1/SD2) and fractal scaling exponent ( f ) were analyzed. After the initial analyses, data sets were randomized and reanalyzed. Local activation dynamics were then also compared in seven patients with both sustained and spontaneously terminating VF episodes. RESULTS. Randomization caused a change in the VF dynamics from organized toward less organized dynamics ( f ) from 1.08 - 0.57 to 0.81 - 0.45, P < 0.05 and SD1/SD2 from 0.80 - 0.23 to 1.04 - 0.20, P < 0.01). Spontaneously terminating VF showed more organized dynamics than sustained VF terminated by shock (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Local cardiac activation dynamics during initial phase of human VF shows organized dynamics. Spontaneously terminating VF episodes have more structured dynamics than sustained VF. Thus, the dynamic behavior of local cardiac activation intervals may be related to the maintenance of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Predictive Value of Clinical and Laboratory Indices at First Assessment in Women Referred with Suspected Gestational Hypertension

Objective: To establish the predictive value of tests in women referred with suspected gestational hypertension (GH) for preeclampsia and other adverse outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a database of clinical laboratory records of 560 women referred to day care was carried out for the prediction of adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Results: Gestational age at first presentation < 32 weeks, gestation-standardised blood pressure parameters and serum uric acid were more predictive of the development of preeclampsia, delivery before 34 weeks, severe hypertension and fetal growth restriction than absolute values. Alanine transaminase and platelet counts were not predictive. Conclusion: The predictive value of blood pressure and serum uric acid are improved when they are standardised as z-scores but there appears to be no value to assessing other laboratory indices when women first present with GH without proteinuria.
Serum periostin is associated with fracture risk in postmenopausal women: a 7-year prospective analysis of the OFELY study.

PURPOSE Periostin (POSTN) is a secreted γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein expressed mainly in the periosteum in adult individuals. POSNT deficient mice develop periodontis and osteoporosis with decreased bone strength. The relationship between serum POSTN and bone metabolism and fracture risk in postmenopausal women is unknown. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum POSTN was measured in 607 postmenopausal women (mean age 66.6 ± 8.4 y) from the Os des Femmes de Lyon cohort at the ninth annual follow-up visit (baseline visit of the current analysis). Nonvertebral and clinical vertebral incident fragility fractures were reported annually during 7 years. Areal bone mineral density (BMD; measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) of the hip and bone markers (intact N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin, and serum type I collagen C-telopeptide) were also measured. RESULTS At baseline, serum POSTN did not correlate with age, bone markers, and BMD. After a median of 7 years of follow-up, 75 women sustained an incident clinical vertebral or nonvertebral fragility fracture. The proportion of women who had an incident fracture was significantly higher in women with levels of POSTN in the highest quartile than that of women in the three other quartiles (19.5% vs 10.1%, P = .018) after adjustment for age and prevalent fracture. The highest quartile of POSTN was associated with an increased risk of incident fracture with a relative risk (95% confidence interval) of 1.88 (1.1-3.2) after adjustment for age, prevalent fracture, and hip BMD T-score. Patients with both low hip BMD (T-score < -2.5) and high levels of POSTN (fourth quartile) had a relative risk of fracture of 7.1 (95% confidence interval 2.4-21.8) after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION High serum POSTN levels are independently associated with increased fracture risk in postmenopausal women. These data suggest that serum POSTN could be useful to improve fracture risk assessment.