Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The course of the disease

Of the 127 patients discussed in this work 17, i.e. 13%, belong to the Possible group. This group consists of patients who have had a chronic, progressive case-history. All the other patients have had remissions and/or relapses. In Northern Ireland Allison €5’ Millar (1954) found the disease to have a chronic, progressive character in 34%, in Halifax, Canada, Alter et al. (1960) found it so in 38%, and in 40% in Charleston, South Carolina. In Gudmundsson’s €9 Gudmundsson’s (1962) material the figure was 22.5%. In the Probable group there are 6 patients in whom the disease has had a considerably chronic character. But all 6 maintain that they have had remissions. Three have recovered from retrobulbar neuritis, 2 from double vision, and 1 from sphincter disturbances. It is difficult to obtain exact information as to how many attacks the patient has had. When the disease has lasted several years, the patient is no longer able to remember all attacks, and lesser recurrences are minimized. The best method of obtaining a certain picture of the disease’s course is to follow the individual patient for a long time. Thygesen (1953) did this and found that there were on an average 1.15 relapses per patient per year. Muller (1949) in his work in Sweden has found on an average 1 relapse per patient every other year. Alter et al. (1960) found the figure to be 0.37 in Charleston, South Carolina, and 0.25 in Halifax, Canada. Gudmundsson €5’ Gudmundrson (1962) found it to be 0.14 in Iceland. Because the patients’ own statements have been uncertain when they have had more than 5 attacks, I have noted in this work only up to 5 attacks and more -as shown in Table 13. There were 0.39 attacks per year per patient in the Early Probable group and 0.25 in the Probable group. The frequency of attacks is naturally greater in the Early Probable group because it is the patients in this group who have complete remissions: They have had the disease a shorter time and, therefore, remember their attacks better. One can also get a picture of the disease’s intensity in a certain area by finding out in which degree the patients are disabled. I have estimated disablement according to Hyllested’s (1956) classification, Table 14.
The production of the enzyme dextransucrase using nonaerated fermentation techniques

High yields of the enzyme dextransucrase have been produced repeatedly by fed‐batch fermentation techniques. Activities in excess of 21.9 U/cm3 have been obtained by culturing Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B‐512(F) under nonaerated fed‐batch fermentation conditions. Aerobic fermentations carried out under identical conditions have consistently produced enzyme of less than 17 U/cm3, but with no difference in the final cell concentration in the broth. Different types of yeast extract have been found to have significant effect on the final cell concentration and more especially on the enzyme activity with enzyme yields varying by as much as 50% when different types of yeast extracts were used.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: mechanisms of diabetes remission and role of gut hormones.

CONTEXT In obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), Roux-en-Y-gastric-bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SLG) improve glycemic control. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of surgery-induced T2DM improvement and role of gastrointestinal hormones. PATIENTS, SETTING, AND INTERVENTION: In 35 patients with T2DM, we performed a mixed-meal test before and 15 days and 1 year after surgery (23 RYGB and 12 SLG). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and amylin, ghrelin, PYY, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses to the meal were measured. RESULTS T2DM remission occurred in 13 patients undergoing RYGB and in 7 patients undergoing SLG. Similarly in the RYGB and SLG groups, β-cell glucose sensitivity improved both early and long term (P < .005), whereas insulin sensitivity improved long term only (P < .006), in proportion to body mass index changes (P < .001). Early after RYGB, glucagon and GLP-1 responses to the meal increased, whereas the PP response decreased. At 1 year, PYY was increased, and PP, amylin, ghrelin, and GLP-1 were reduced. After SLG, hormonal responses were similar to those with RYGB except that PP was increased, whereas amylin was unchanged. In remitters, fasting GLP-1 was higher (P = .04), but its meal response was flat compared with that of nonremitters; postsurgery, however, the GLP-1 response was higher. Other hormone responses were similar between the 2 groups. In logistic regression, presurgery β-cell glucose sensitivity (positive, P < .0001) and meal-stimulated GLP-1 response (negative, P = .004) were the only predictors of remission. CONCLUSIONS RYGB and SLG have a similar impact on diabetes remission, of which baseline β-cell glucose sensitivity and a restored GLP-1 response are the chief determinants. Other hormonal responses are the consequences of the altered gastrointestinal anatomy.
Variable Sulfation of Dietary Polyphenols by Recombinant Human Sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 Genetic Variants and SULT1E1

Human cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfate conjugation of several important endo- and xenobiotics. Among the superfamily of SULT enzymes, SULT1A1 catalyzes the sulfation of small planar phenolic compounds, whereas SULT1E1 has a major role in estrogen conjugation. The human SULT1A1 gene has common single nucleotide polymorphisms that define three allozymes, SULT1A1*1, *2, and *3. The enzyme kinetics of SULT1A1 allozymes and SULT1E1 were characterized for the polyphenolic substrates apigenin, chrysin, epicatechin, quercetin, and resveratrol. Purified recombinant SULT proteins were generated in a baculoviral-insect cell system, and incubated in vitro with each substrate to determine catalytic activity. The effect of polyphenol sulfation was examined in mammalian cell lines stably expressing SULT1E1. For all polyphenols investigated, “normal-activity” SULT1A1*1 allozyme had significantly greater Vmax estimates than SULT1E1, and allele-specific differences in SULT1A1-mediated sulfation were observed. The polymorphic SULT1A1*2 allozyme exhibited low activity toward apigenin, epicatechin, and resveratrol. SULT1A1*1 and *3 acted as normal-activity allozymes for these substrates. Altered cellular proliferation was observed in MCF-7 cells stably expressing SULT1E1 upon treatment with chrysin, quercetin, or resveratrol, thus suggesting inactivation of these compounds by SULT1E1. These results suggest an important role for SULT isozymes and their pharmacogenetics in polyphenol disposition.
Time-Dependent Effects of Acute Exercise on University Students’ Cognitive Performance in Temperate and Cold Environments

Background: Few studies have examined the acute exercise-induced changes in cognitive performance in different thermal environments and the time course effects. Objective: Investigate the time-dependent effects of acute exercise on university students’ processing speed, working memory and cognitive flexibility in temperate and cold environments. Method: Twenty male university students (age 23.5 ± 2.0 years) with moderate physical activity level participated in a repeated-measures within-subjects design. Processing speed, working memory and cognitive flexibility were assessed using CogState test battery at baseline (BASE), followed by a 45-min rest (REST), immediately after (EX) and 30 min after (POST-EX) 30-min moderate-intensity treadmill running in both temperate (TEMP; 25°C) and cold (COLD; 10°C) environments. Mean skin temperature (MST) and thermal sensation (TS) were also recorded. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to analyze each variable. Spearman’s rho was used to identify the correlations between MST, TS and cognitive performance. Results: Reaction time (RT) of processing speed and working memory decreased immediately after exercise in both conditions (processing speed: p = 0.003; working memory: p = 0.007). The facilitating effects on processing speed disappeared within 30 min after exercise in TEMP (p = 0.163) and COLD (p = 0.667), while improvements on working memory remained 30 min after exercise in TEMP (p = 0.047), but not in COLD (p = 0.663). Though RT of cognitive flexibility reduced in both conditions (p = 0.003), no significance was found between EX and REST (p = 0.135). Increased MST and TS were significantly associated with reductions in processing speed RT (MST: r = -0.341, p < 0.001; TS: r = -0.262, p = 0.001) and working memory RT (MST: r = -0.282, p < 0.001; TS: r = -0.2229, p = 0.005), and improvements in working memory accuracy (MST: r = 0.249, p = 0.002; TS: r = 0.255, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results demonstrate different time-dependent effects of acute exercise on cognition in TEMP and COLD. Our study reveals facilitating effects of exercise on university students’ processing speed and working memory in both environments. However, in contrast to TEMP, effects on working memory in COLD are transient.
The Effect of Storage on Chemical , Microbial and Sensory Characteristics of Goat ’ s Milk Yoghurt

Goat's milk yoghurt was evaluated during storage at the laboratory of Department of Dairy Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum. The total solids, fat, protein, lactose, ash and acidity of goat's milk yoghurt percent results are, 13.73±0.10, 4.58±0.10, 3.48±0.18, 4.81±0.14, 0.74±0.03 and 1.18±0.07 respectively. Total bacterial count, Streptococcus theromphilus count and Lactobacillus bulgaricus count and sensory evaluation (color, flavor and texture) were estimated on the zero, 3 rd , 6 th , 9 th and 12 th days of storage. Results obtained revealed significant (p< 0.05) variation in total solids, fat, titrable acidity, TBC, Streptococcus thermophilus count, color, texture and flavor w. Moreover high significant (p< 0.01) variations in protein, lactose and Lactobacillus bulgaricus count and non significant variation was noticed in ash content.
Factors Affecting Reproductive Decisions of African American Women Living with HIV

ABSTRACT Purpose: This exploratory study used focus groups to examine attitudes and beliefs of HIV-infected African American women of child-bearing age about pregnancy and antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A convenience sample of thirty-three African American women of child-bearing age participated in five focus groups. Attitudes and beliefs about pregnancy decisions and the use of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy were examined. Results: Many of the women in this study living with HIV remained committed to having children and expressed confusion about their chances of transmitting the virus to their children. Conclusions: Health care providers must be aware of these concerns and convey clear and accurate information through the most readily accepted channels. Participants suggested that messages about these issues be conveyed by other women living with HIV who have faced these same decisions.
Student Admissions in Hungary as Gale and Shapley Envisaged

Student admissions, for both secondary and higher education in Hungary, are organised by centralised matching schemes. The program for secondary schools is based on the original model and algorithm of Gale and Shapley, which makes this application especially interesting. The program for higher education is more complex; the model has several special features, but the core of the algorithm is the same. Besides presenting these applications, we study one important aspect of the higher education scheme, the solution concept of score-limit. Here, we formulate appropriate stability criteria that take score-limit into account and then we prove that the existing algorithms that are used/have been used produce matchings that are stable according to these criteria. Therefore, we show that the results of Gale and Shapley apply for the generalised model as well, namely, the applicant/college-oriented algorithms produce stable score-limits, moreover these solutions are the best/worst possible stable score-limits for the applicants.
Adaptive friction compensation in a Two-Link Planar Robot Manipulator using a new Lyapunov-based controller

In this paper, an approach for constructing a nonlinear estimator for adaptive compensation of the Coulomb friction in mechanical control systems is proposed where the Coulomb friction coefficient is unknown but its variation with time is bounded. A Two-Link Planar Robot Manipulator is considered as a case study. The design is based on Lyapunov technique and attempts to compensate the frictional force by estimating the Coulomb friction coefficient. It is shown that asymptotic stability of the error dynamics is guaranteed. The major contribution of this paper is an adaptive control law for friction compensation in the system in which the variation of the Coulomb coefficient with time has not any specified frequency. The simulation results confirm the advantages of the proposed approach against the previous methods for a simple single-mass system as well as for a Two-Link Planar Robot Manipulator.
The Importance of Microalbuminuria in Predicting Patient Outcome in a PICU

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of microalbuminuria in critically ill children. Design: Prospective study. Setting: PICU of a teaching hospital. Patients: Admitted critically ill children. Interventions: The urine albumin-creatinine ratio was measured at admission and at 24 hours. Pediatric Risk of Mortality, Pediatric Index of Mortality II, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction, and Inotrope Score were calculated. Measurements and Main Results: In total, 102 patients (median age, 19 mo) were included in the study, among whom were 30 mortalities. Microalbuminuria was identified in 62 patients (64%). The patients were classified into three groups: patients with sepsis, patients with noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and patients without systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The highest clinical scores, albumin-creatinine ratio levels, mortality rate, and duration of mechanical ventilation were found in the sepsis group, and the lowest values were seen in patients without systemic inflammatory response syndrome (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between the albumin-creatinine ratio levels and the clinical scores (p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that the areas under the curves were 0.818 and 0.781, respectively, for albumin-creatinine ratio measured at admission and at 24 hours to identify PICU mortality. At a cutoff value of 34.2 mg/g, albumin-creatinine ratio measured at admission may be able to discriminate between patients a with sensitivity of 63.3%, specificity of 93.3%, positive predictive value of 95%, and negative predictive value of 56%. Conclusions: Microalbuminuria is a simple, inexpensive, and useful tool for predicting mortality and morbidity in critically ill children in the PICU.
Entrepreneurship and the concept of fit: A model and empirical tests

This paper reports the results of a study designed to investigate entrepreneurship and ‘fit’ in small and medium sized high technology manufacturing firms. A normative model of fit has been developed, which including the variables of entrepreneurial style, organizational structure, and mission strategy, determines a measure of the firm's fit with its environment. The normative model of fit proposed here is based on variables and relationships found to be important in previous empirical studies. Data on environmental turbulence, entrepreneurial style, organization structure, mission strategy, and financial performance were collected from 82 manufacturing firms. A measure of fit was calculated for each firm. Findings indicate that performance among firms was positively related to the measurement of fit. In short, fit is an important construct for firm success. Implications include prescriptive guidance to assist practitioners in diagnosing and correcting ‘misfit’ for individual firms.
Market-clearing with stochastic security-part II: case studies

This paper analyzes the market-clearing formulation with stochastic security developed in its companion paper through two case studies solved using mixed-integer linear programming techniques. The generation and reserve schedules as well as the nodal prices of energy and security are assessed under various conditions such as a) line flow limits, b) when nonspinning reserve is excluded from the formulation, c) demand-side valuation of energy not served, d) generator ramping limits, and e) the set of pre-selected contingencies.
Bronchiolitis as a possible cause of wheezing in childhood: new evidence.

A historical cohort study was performed in order to assess the hypothesis that even mild bronchiolitis in infancy in a predictor of wheezing later in childhood. Subjects who had experienced bronchiolitis and a matched control group were compared in terms of reported wheezing 8 years later. A highly significant difference was found between the bronchiolitis group and the control group in terms of current wheezing (P less than .0001, relative risk 3.24). This difference was maintained after adjusting for many potentially confounding variables including family history of allergy and other allergic manifestations in the child. Results suggested that 13.6% of a normal practice population in the age range 6 to 9 years currently wheeze, but that 44.1% of children who experienced bronchiolitis currently wheeze. Based on the incidence of bronchiolitis (4.27/100 children in their first 2 years of life) and the relative odds for wheezing derived from a logistic regression model including variables that measured passive smoking, genetic tendency to wheeze, and bronchiolitis, calculations of attributable risk suggested that wheezing in 9.4% of the population of children who currently wheeze was attributable to bronchiolitis.
Identification of a Chloroquine Importer in Plasmodium falciparum

We demonstrate that uptake of the antimalarial drug chloroquine is temperature-dependent, saturable, and inhibitable in Plasmodium falciparum. These features are indicative of carrier-mediated transport and suggest that a P. falciparum-encoded protein facilitates chloroquine import. Although both chloroquine-resistant and susceptible parasite isolates exhibit facilitated chloroquine uptake, the kinetics differ. Chloroquine-resistant parasite isolates consistently have an import mechanism with a lower transport activity and a reduced affinity for chloroquine. These differences in uptake kinetics are linked with chloroquine resistance in a genetic cross. These data suggest that changes in chloroquine import kinetics constitute a minimal and necessary event in the generation of the resistant phenotype. Competitive inhibition of chloroquine uptake by amiloride derivatives further suggests that chloroquine import is mediated by a plasmodial Na+/H+ exchanger.
Factors Involved in the Ineffective Dissemination of Sexuality Information to Individuals Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

he last 40 years of literature pertaining to sexuality and deaf individuals are reviewed. Current research, which establishes that people who are deaf do not have adequate information on sexuality issues, is examined, as well as some of the factors that play a role in the ineffective dissemination of sexuality information to this population. Parents, education (both in a historical and a contemporary light), peers, and the very acquisition of language are examined with regard to their contextualized part in the process of knowledge sharing. Historical paradigms are placed within Griffiths's "mythconceptions" framework (as discussed in Watson, 2002) in an effort to determine possible causative factors relating to deaf people's insufficient knowledge regarding sexuality.
Accuracy, Precision, and Method Detection Limits of Quantitative PCR for Airborne Bacteria and Fungi

ABSTRACT Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for rapid and specific enumeration of microbial agents is finding increased use in aerosol science. The goal of this study was to determine qPCR accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs) within the context of indoor and ambient aerosol samples. Escherichia coli and Bacillus atrophaeus vegetative bacterial cells and Aspergillus fumigatus fungal spores loaded onto aerosol filters were considered. Efficiencies associated with recovery of DNA from aerosol filters were low, and excluding these efficiencies in quantitative analysis led to underestimating the true aerosol concentration by 10 to 24 times. Precision near detection limits ranged from a 28% to 79% coefficient of variation (COV) for the three test organisms, and the majority of this variation was due to instrument repeatability. Depending on the organism and sampling filter material, precision results suggest that qPCR is useful for determining dissimilarity between two samples only if the true differences are greater than 1.3 to 3.2 times (95% confidence level at n = 7 replicates). For MDLs, qPCR was able to produce a positive response with 99% confidence from the DNA of five B. atrophaeus cells and less than one A. fumigatus spore. Overall MDL values that included sample processing efficiencies ranged from 2,000 to 3,000 B. atrophaeus cells per filter and 10 to 25 A. fumigatus spores per filter. Applying the concepts of accuracy, precision, and MDL to qPCR aerosol measurements demonstrates that sample processing efficiencies must be accounted for in order to accurately estimate bioaerosol exposure, provides guidance on the necessary statistical rigor required to understand significant differences among separate aerosol samples, and prevents undetected (i.e., nonquantifiable) values for true aerosol concentrations that may be significant.
In vitro development of porcine nuclear transfer embryos constructed using fetal fibroblasts

The in vitro development of porcine nuclear transfer embryos constructed using primary cultures from day 25 fetal fibroblasts which were either rapidly dividing (cycling) or had their cell‐cycle synchronized in G0/G1 using serum starvation (serum‐starved) was examined. Oocyte‐karyoplast complexes were fused and activated simultaneously and then cultured in vitro for seven days to assess development. Fusion rates were not different for either cell population. The proportion of reconstructed embryos that cleaved was higher in the cycling group compared to the serum‐starved group (79 vs. 56% respectively; P < 0.05). Development to the 4‐cell stage was not different using either population. Both treatments supported similar rates of development to the morula (1.5 vs. 7%, cycling vs. serum‐starved) and blastocyst stage (1.5 vs. 3%, cycling vs. serum‐starved). The blastocyst produced using cycling cells had a total cell number of 10. Total cell numbers for the three blastocysts produced serum‐starved cells were 22, 24, and 33. These blastocysts had inner cell mass numbers of 0, 15, and 4, respectively. Six hundred and thirty‐five nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed using serum‐starved cells were transferred to 15 temporarily mated recipients for 3–4 days. Of these, 486 were recovered (77% recovery rate) of which 106 (22%) had developed to the 4‐cell stage or later. These were transferred to a total of 15 recipients which were either unmated or mated. Seven recipients farrowed a total of 51 piglets. Microsatellite analysis revealed that none of these were derived from the nuclear transfer embryos transferred. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 57:262–269, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.