Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renormalization-group analysis of chiral transitions.

Chiral phase transitions are analyzed by renormalization-group techniques on the basis of a standard Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson Hamiltonian for two real n-component fields a and b with quartic couplings u${(\mathrm{a}}^{2}$${+\mathrm{b}}^{2}$${)}^{2}$ and v[(a\ensuremath{\cdot}${\mathrm{b})}^{2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{a}}^{2}$${\mathrm{b}}^{2}$]. This model is a natural extension of the usual ${\mathrm{cphi}}^{4}$ O(n) model: For vg0, it represents triangular antiferromagnets, helical magnets, and the A phase of superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. An \ensuremath{\epsilon}=4-d expansion reveals a new vg0, chiral fixed point which is stable for ng21.8-23.4\ensuremath{\epsilon}+O(${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}$). An antisymmetric chirality tensor, \ensuremath{\kappa}=${a}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$${b}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$-${a}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$${b}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$, is a new relevant operator at this fixed point. The associated exponents \ensuremath{\gamma} and \ensuremath{\nu} are smaller than the usual O(n) exponents. A 1/n expansion yields a continuous chiral transition for 2ldl4, the exponents \ensuremath{\gamma} and \ensuremath{\nu} again being smaller than in the O(n) case. The chiral crossover exponent, ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{\ensuremath{\kappa}}$, exceeds \ensuremath{\gamma} in both \ensuremath{\epsilon} and 1/n expansions. The spectrum of other leading scaling operators and their exponents is obtained. On the basis of comparisons with recent Monte Carlo and experimental results, it is argued that the chiral fixed point probably remains stable down to the physically relevant cases n=2 and 3 at d=3.
Testosterone replacement therapy--perceptions of recipients and partners.

BACKGROUND The androgenic hormones are important determinants of sexual behaviour in men. Testosterone replacement is important treatment for pituitary disease to maintain normal functioning. Although the physical effects of testosterone replacement have been well documented, little is known about the effects on relationships, particularly from the point of view of the sexual partners of men receiving testosterone replacement. AIMS This paper reports a study exploring the perceptions of testosterone replacement on well-being and sexual functioning. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five men receiving testosterone implants (recipients), their permanent partners, and five recipients without partners. Recipient serum testosterone concentration was measured at 0, 1 and 4 months after testosterone implantation. RESULTS The three groups reported similar effects of testosterone on well-being and sexual functioning. Recipient and partner ratings were also similar. Strength was less affected by decreasing testosterone concentration than energy in men with partners, but both strength and energy declined in men without partners. Decreased testosterone levels had a statistically significantly different effect on libido at time zero between men with and without partners (P < 0.015) and on ability to sustain an erection, but the ability to achieve an erection persisted over the 6 months in both male groups. Intercourse frequency increased from once per week at time 0 to > or =3 per week between 1 and 4 months after implant in men with partners. There were important effects of testosterone deficiency on general and sexual relationships, and these differed between men with partners and those without. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone has important physical and psychological benefits that may be related to the age at which testosterone replacement commences and the indications for its use. The small sample size may limit the ability to generalize the findings outside the study.
Eficiência do número de aplicações de fungicidas no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja, safra 2011/12.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficiência do controle da ferrugem asiática em função do número de aplicações em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento reprodutivo das plantas de soja, na safra 2011/12. O ensaio foi instalado na Estação de Terras Baixa da Embrapa Clima Temperado, município do Capão do Leão, RS. O delineamento experimental usado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de seis tratamentos em uma área cultivada com BMX Potência RR, semeada em novembro de 2011. Nesta condição de interação de baixa precipitação e pressão da doença e relativo grau de resistência da cultivar, uma aplicação de fungicida no inicio da floração (R1) foi mais eficiente no controle da ferrugem asiática e contribuiu para manutenção da maior produtividade e redução da quantidade de fungicida aplicado.
Menstrual blood contains immune cells with inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory properties

Successful pregnancy requires balanced regulation of immune cells at the feto‐maternal interface. Systemic monitoring of the immune system cannot precisely outline local immune status in the uterus. In this survey, endometrial immune milieu was investigated using a non‐invasive method of analysis of menstrual blood (MB). The results were compared with peripheral blood (PB).
What are the Causes of the Attention Deficits Observed in Children with Dyslexia?

Dyslexic children often show attention problems at school, but it is not clear the nature of their impairments. The aim of this study was to analyze whether verbal processing artefacts could mediate attention deficits. Forty-seven children (22 dyslexics and 25 controls), aged between 7 to 12, were assessed through an ADHD rating scale and a battery of tasks tapping different attentional processes (selective, sustained, executive, and orienting). Phonological measures were used as covariates. Children with dyslexia showed attentional impairments (using both rating scales and neuropsychological tasks); however their performance was significantly affected by phonological performance. In conclusion, dyslexics may be inattentive at school because they are slow processors, in particular when they are presented with verbal stimuli.
Vertebral Derotation by Vertebral Column Manipulator Improves Postoperative Radiographs Outcomes of Lenke 5C Patients for Follow-up of Minimum 2 Years

Study Design:This was a retrospective study. Objective:The aim of this study was to compare radiographic outcomes of Lenke 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients treated by vertebral column manipulator (VCM) or simple rod derotation (SRD) maneuver. Summary of Background Data:The direct vertebral rotation (DVR) technique has demonstrated better rotational and coronal correction than SRD, but clinical radiographic outcomes for Lenke 5C AIS following DVR using a VCM derotational device have not been described. Materials and Methods:A retrospective study was carried out in 39 Lenke 5C AIS patients treated by VCM (n=20) or SRD (n=19) techniques between April 2008 and June 2011. All patients had complete clinical record and radiographic data. Nine radiographic variables were collected and compared at 3 time points (preoperative, immediate postoperative, and minimum 2-year follow-up) between both groups. Results:Scoliosis was successfully corrected in both groups. All patients obtained good coronal and sagittal balance, and no severe complications occurred. The postoperative apical rotation corrective rate of the VCM and SRD groups were 55.1% and 25.5%, respectively (P<0.05). Lowest instrumented vertebra and stable vertebra (LIV–SV) was statistically significant between the VCM and SRD groups, the mean values were 1.2±0.4 level and 0.7±0.5 level (P<0.05). The main curve corrective rates and LIV-tilt angle correction rates were not significantly different between groups, but it showed a spontaneous correction for the coronal LIV-tilt angle for both groups at the last follow-up. Conclusions:VCM improved postoperative apical axial rotational correction and lessened the lumbar fusion segment compared with the SRD technique, which might have a potential trend to reserve lumbar mobility.
Migraine and Tension Headaches

ALTHOUGH headache occurs in a wide variety of clinical conditions and is treated by a host of therapeutic procedures, the basic mechanism of most headaches is stimulation of pain sensitive structures in and around blood vessels. Among this group are headaches associated with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, infection, brain tumor, hematoma, allergy, and cranial trauma. These conditions are responsible for the symptom in only a small percentage of the cases who consult a physician because of headache. In the vast majority of the cases the symptoms either are due to migraine or are primarily associated with an emotional disturbance (tension headache). It is our purpose to consider only these two types and to summarize our experiences with 2,000 patients suffering from migraine or tension headaches. These patients were studied and treated during the past seven years.
Temporal Release of Fatty Acids and Sugars in the Spermosphere: Impacts on Enterobacter cloacae-Induced Biological Control

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the temporal release of fatty acids and sugars from corn and cucumber seeds during the early stages of seed germination in order to establish whether sugars found in exudate can prevent exudate fatty acid degradation by Enterobacter cloacae. Both saturated (long-chain saturated fatty acids [LCSFA]) and unsaturated (long-chain unsaturated fatty acids [LCUFA]) fatty acids were detected in corn and cucumber seed exudates within 15 min after seed sowing. LCSFA and LCUFA were released at a rate of 26.1 and 6.44 ng/min/seed by corn and cucumber seeds, respectively. The unsaturated portion of the total fatty acid pool from both plant species contained primarily oleic and linoleic acids, and these fatty acids were released at a combined rate of 6.6 and 0.67 ng/min/seed from corn and cucumber, respectively. In the absence of seed exudate sugars, E. cloacae degraded linoleic acid at rates of 29 to 39 ng/min, exceeding the rate of total fatty acid release from seeds. Sugars constituted a significant percentage of corn seed exudate, accounting for 41% of the total dry seed weight. Only 5% of cucumber seed exudate was comprised of sugars. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose were the most abundant sugars present in seed exudate from both plant species. Corn seeds released a total of 137 μg/seed of these three sugars within 30 min of sowing, whereas cucumber seeds released 0.83 μg/seed within the same time frame. Levels of glucose, fructose, and sucrose found in corn seed exudate (90 to 342 μg) reduced the rate of linoleic acid degradation by E. cloacae to 7.5 to 8.8 ng/min in the presence of either sugar, leaving sufficient concentrations of linoleic acid to activate Pythium ultimum sporangia Our results demonstrate that elevated levels of sugars in the corn spermosphere can prevent the degradation of LCUFA by E. cloacae, leading to its failure to suppress P. ultimum sporangial activation, germination, and subsequent disease development.
A Longitudinal, Statistical Study of Reoperation Rates in Craniosynostosis

&NA; A prospective, statistical study of reoperation rates was done in the treatment of 167 consecutive children with nonsyndromic and syndromic craniosynostosis over a 6‐year period at Scottish Rite Children's Medical Center in Atlanta, Georgia. Mean length of follow‐up was 2.8 years, with a range of 3 months to 6 years. Reoperation equal to or exceeding the magnitude of the original procedure occurred in 7 percent of cases. Multiple regression analysis revealed several factors associated with reoperation: Females and children with syndromic synostoses were more likely to require reoperation. Total reoperation rates for syndromic and nonsyndromic synostoses were 27.3 and 5.9 percent, respectively. Age at initial surgery, length of operation, and estimated blood loss did not predict a higher reoperation rate. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 100: 305, 1997.)
Postoperative radiotherapy in DBCG during 30 years. Techniques, indications and clinical radiobiological experience

During the time period 1977–2007 postoperative radiotherapy in DBCG has varied considerably with regard to techniques and indications together with changes in the extent of surgery and adjuvant systemic therapy. The radiation treatment has been developed on the basis of clinical, radiophysical and radiobiological principles, encompassing also practical problems such as available equipment in the different centres and at times lack of sufficient machine capacity. The paper focus especially on the comprehensive work done prior to the DBCG 82 b&c studies, in order to optimize radiotherapy in all aspects prior to the evaluation of the efficacy of this treatment modality. The results from these trials did succeed in clear evidence that radiotherapy has an important role in the multidisciplinary treatment of early breast cancer. In parallel to these studies a new and challenging use of radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery was evaluated in the DBCG TM 82 protocol. The experience obtained with different techniques in this study formed the basis for the current principles of radiotherapy after lumpectomy. Reduction of radiation related morbidity has been a major issue for the DBCG radiotherapy group, and in this aspect several studies, including quality control visits, have been carried out to make the relevant modifications and to evaluate deviations from the guidelines between the centres. The background for the changes in radiotherapy is described for each of the programme periods as well as future perspectives which will include further refinements of the target and adjustments of dose and fractionation in selected patients.
Random nilpotent groups, polycyclic presentations, and Diophantine problems

Abstract We introduce a model of random finitely generated, torsion-free, 2-step nilpotent groups (in short, τ 2 {\tau_{2}} -groups). To do so, we show that these are precisely the groups with presentation of the form 〈 A , C ∣ [ a i , a j ] = ∏ t = 1 m c t λ t , i , j ( 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n ) , [ A , C ] = [ C , C ] = 1 〉 {\langle A,C\mid[a_{i},a_{j}]=\prod_{t=1}^{m}c_{t}^{\lambda_{t,i,j}}(1\leq i<j% \leq n),\,[A,C]=[C,C]=1\rangle} , where A = { a 1 , … , a n } {A=\{a_{1},\dots,a_{n}\}} and C = { c 1 , … , c m } {C=\{c_{1},\dots,c_{m}\}} . Hence, a random G can be selected by fixing A and C, and then randomly choosing integers λ t , i , j {\lambda_{t,i,j}} , with | λ t , i , j | ≤ ℓ {|\lambda_{t,i,j}|\leq\ell} for some ℓ {\ell} . We prove that if m ≥ n - 1 ≥ 1 {m\geq n-1\geq 1} , then the following hold asymptotically almost surely as ℓ → ∞ {\ell\to\infty} : the ring ℤ {\mathbb{Z}} is e-definable in G, the Diophantine problem over G is undecidable, the maximal ring of scalars of G is ℤ {\mathbb{Z}} , G is indecomposable as a direct product of non-abelian groups, and Z ⁢ ( G ) = 〈 C 〉 {Z(G)=\langle C\rangle} . We further study when Z ⁢ ( G ) ≤ Is ⁡ ( G ′ ) {Z(G)\leq\operatorname{Is}(G^{\prime})} . Finally, we introduce similar models of random polycyclic groups and random f.g. nilpotent groups of any nilpotency step, possibly with torsion. We quickly see, however, that the latter yields finite groups a.a. s.
Is there an empirical link between impulsivity and suicidality in bipolar disorders? A review of the current literature and the potential psychological implications of the relationship

Suicide is highly prevalent among individuals with bipolar disorder and understanding the factors that increase risk for suicide may help to develop targeted interventions to prevent attempts. Impulsivity is thought to be an influential factor associated with suicidality and is also discussed as a key construct of bipolar disorder. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the current evidence to examine the association between impulsivity and suicidality in bipolar disorder.
Tax Compliance and Enforcement in the Pampas: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Tax evasion is a pervasive problem in many countries. In particular, some developing countries do not collect even half of what they would if taxpayers complied with the written letter of the law. The academic literature has not been oblivious to the need to explain why people pay (or do not pay) taxes. However, the empirical literature has not yet reached consensus. This paper reports the results of a large field experiment that tried to affect compliance by influencing property tax taxpayers' beliefs regarding the levels of enforcement, equity, and fairness of the tax system in a municipality in Argentina. Results indicate that the most effective message was one that stated the actual fines and potential legal consequences taxpayers may face in the case of noncompliance (tax compliance increased by more than 4 percentage points). No average effects are found for the treatments designed to affect beliefs about the equity and fairness of the system. However, the evidence also points out that not every taxpayer updates his or her beliefs in the same direction, as relevant heterogeneous effects are found across the population. The evidence in this paper advances the state of knowledge and may help to reconcile some of the different results in the literature.
Gingival enlargement in different age groups during fixed Orthodontic treatment.

BACKGROUND During fixed orthodontic therapy, adolescents tend to have higher chances of gingivitis and gingival enlargement (GE) compared to adults. A cross sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the above hypothesis, by assessing GE in patients of different age groups receiving fixed orthodontic therapy. MATERIALS & METHODS Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were selected by simple random sampling from the King Khalid University College of Dentistry out patient's clinic of preventive dental sciences division to form the study group. Participant's were divided into three age groups and GE was graded as 0, 1 and 2 as per the classification of the American Academy of Periodontology. Data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 16.0 (Statistical Package for Social Services, Chicago, IL, USA) and descriptive statistics were obtained. Differences in proportions were compared using the Chi-square test and the significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS 62.3% (n=33) were males and 37.7% (n=20) were females. Group 1 had 21 patients (39.7%); Group 2 had 24 patients (45.3%) and Group 3 had 8 patients (15.1%). The highest frequency (48%) of GE was observed among the Group 1 age group (10-19 years). Differences in frequency of GE according to age groups were found to be statistically significant (p=0.046). Differences in GE according to the frequency of practicing oral hygiene measures were statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Highest frequency of GE was observed among the adolescents. The patients who practiced oral hygiene measures more than three times daily did not have any GE. On the other hand, those who brushed and flossed only once daily had the highest percentage of grade 2 GE. How to cite the article: Eid HA, Assiri HA, Kandyala R, Togoo RA, Turakhia VS. Gingival enlargement in different age groups during fixed Orthodontic treatment. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(1):1-4.
The Serotonin Uptake‐Enhancing Drug Tianeptine Suppresses Asthmatic Symptoms in Children: A Double‐Blind, Crossover, Placebo‐Controlled Study

Studies have shown that levels of free serotonin in plasma are increased in symptomatic patients with asthma. In addition, the concentration of free serotonin in symptomatic patients with asthma correlates positively with clinical status and negatively with pulmonary function. Thus, reducing the concentration of free serotonin in plasma might be useful in treating patients with asthma. We studied the effectiveness of tianeptine in treating patients with asthma. Tianeptine is the only drug known to be able to reduce levels of free serotonin in plasma and to enhance uptake by platelets. In this study, 69 children with asthma were assigned in randomized fashion to receive tianeptine and/or placebo in a double‐blind crossover trial that lasted 52 weeks. Tianeptine provoked a dramatic and sudden decrease in both clinical rating and free serotonin plasma levels and an increase in pulmonary function.
Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during composting of bovine manure in a laboratory-scale bioreactor.

Inactivation profiles of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in inoculated bovine manure-based compost ingredients were determined by composting these ingredients in a bioreactor under controlled conditions. A 15-liter bioreactor was constructed to determine the fate of E. coli O157:H7 and changes in pH, moisture content, temperature, and aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic bacterial counts during composting. Fresh cow manure, wheat straw, cottonseed meal, and ammonium sulfate were combined to obtain a moisture content of ca. 60% and a carbon/nitrogen ratio of 29:1. The compost ingredients were held in the bioreactor at a constant external temperature of 21 or 50 degrees C. Self-heating of the ingredients due to microbial activity occurred during composting, with stratified temperatures occurring within the bioreactor. At an external temperature of 21 degrees C, self-heating occurred for 0 to 3 days, depending on the location within the bioreactor. E. coli O157:H7 populations increased by 1 to 2 log10 CFU/g during the initial 24 h of composting and decreased by ca. 3.5 log10 CFU/g near the bottom of the bioreactor and by ca. 2 log10 CFU/g near the middle and at the top during 36 days of composting. At an external temperature of 50 degrees C. E. coli O157:H7 was inactivated rapidly (by ca. 4.9 log10 CFU/g at the top of the bioreactor, by 4.0 log10 CFU/g near the middle, and by 5.9 log10 CFU/g near the bottom) within 24 h of composting. When inoculated at an initial level of ca. 10(7) CFU/g. E. coli O157:H7 survived for 7 days but not for 14 days at all three sampling locations, as indicated by either direct plating or enrichment culture. At the top of the bioreactor a relatively constant moisture content of 60% was maintained, whereas the moisture content near the bottom decreased steadily to 37 to 45% over 14 days of composting. The pH of the composting mixture decreased to ca. 6 within 1 to 3 days and subsequently increased to 8 to 9. Results obtained in this study indicate that large populations (10(4) to 10(7) CFU/g) of E coli O157:H7 survived for 36 days during composting in a bioreactor at an external temperature of 21 degrees C but were inactivated to undetectable levels after 7 to 14 days when the external temperature of the bioreactor was 50 degrees C. Hence, manure contaminated with large populations (e.g., 10(7) CFU/g) of E. coli O157:H7 should be composted for more than 1 week, and preferably for 2 weeks, when held at a minimum temperature of 50 degrees C.
An infeasible active-set QP-free algorithm for general nonlinear programming

ABSTRACT We propose an infeasible active set QP-free algorithm for general constrained optimization in this paper. It starts from an arbitrary initial point. At each iteration, only two or three reduced linear equations with the same coefficients are solved to obtain the search direction. To determine the working set, the method makes use of multipliers from the last iteration, eliminating the need to compute a new estimate, and no additional linear systems are solved to select linear independent constraint gradients. The infeasibility measure and the objective function value are controlled separately by the filter technique. Without the positive definiteness assumption on the Hessian estimate, the sequence generated by the algorithm still globally converges to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point. And the algorithm obtains superlinear convergence without the strict complementarity. At last, preliminary numerical results are reported.