Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Contract Farming Scheme on Cassava Production Enterprise in Oyo State, Nigeria

There are indications that the domestic demand for cassava particularly as staple food may in no time outweigh that of the industrial sector, except contract and non-contract farming entrepreneurs operate within the framework of sustainable agriculture. The study thus examines the effects of contract farming scheme on cassava production in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used. Oyo and Ibadan/Ibarapa zones were randomly selected from the four Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) in Oyo State. From the 307 registered farmers under the contract farming arrangement in the selected zones, 20% (62) were randomly selected, while equal number were selected from the list of their non-contract counterparts in two of the four agricultural zones of the state. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Average farm size was 14.56 ± 3.43 and 2.14 ± 0.43 acres for Contract and non-contract farmers respectively with respective average output of 6 and 5.4 tonnes per acre. Majority financed the farm through loan as average distance from home to farm is 5.88km. Hired labour was prominent for farm operations and land for farming is through the community.Contract and non-contract farmers differed significantly in their level of production enterprise (t=19.219, p=0.000). Promotion of contract farming through a well laid out agricultural extension outreach will ensure constant and consistent growth in the agricultural sector and consequently alleviate poverty among rural household in Oyo State.
Discourse functions of formulaic sequences in academic speech across two disciplines

Formulaic sequences play a crucial role in building academic discourse. From among the variety of formulaic expressions, lexical bundles have been shown to serve particular facilitative functions in academic discourse. Defined as strings of word forms that commonly co-occur in natural discourse, lexical bundles are characterized statistically by their frequency of occurrence and they contribute significantly to fluency in speech and writing. While previous research had focused on the use of these expressions in academic research articles across disciplines or on the difference between spoken and written registers, little research has been carried out to find out the language use of academic lectures from different disciplines in terms of the use of these bundles, orally. Taking into account this consideration, the present study aimed to investigate how lexical bundles are used by academic lecturers from different disciplinary communities. With the aim of comparing their language selection, the most frequent four-word lexical bundles in academic lectures of two disciplines, namely politics and chemistry were identified and categorized. The procedure adopts Biber et al.’s (2004) functional categorization of lexical bundles to investigate the communicative purposes that lexical bundles convey in the lectures of the two groups and to see whether there were any disciplinary differences with regard to the bundles used. Based on the findings, there were some marked variations found across the two disciplines in terms of discourse functions of the lexical bundles. It seemed that academic lectures rely heavily on the use of specific word combinations to fulfill those functions related to their discipline. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.17576/GEMA-2014-1402-02
Firm Size, Audit Regulation and Fraud Detection: Empirical Evidence from Iran

An auditor has the responsibility for the prevention, detection and reporting of fraud. Illegal acts and errors are the most controversial issues in auditing, and have been the most frequently debated areas amongst auditors, politicians, media, regulators and the public. Prior research has documented a positive association between audit quality and auditor size. While some studies have used the audit fee as a surrogate for audit quality, other studies have employed more direct measures, such as the outcomes of quality control reviews. Those latter studies, however, used samples that suffer from severe geographic or client-type restrictions. Moreover, most studies of the quality-size relationship have focused on relatively large cpa firms. By the way, in recent years there has been considerable debate about the nature of audit practice (Salehi 2007). Auditors also have responsibility for ensuring the accuracy and precision of statements prepared by managers.
Optimization of cellulase and -glucosidase induction by sugarbeet pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii

The ability to produce cellulose degrading enzymes by sugarbeet pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in liquid synthetic media with carboxymethy cellulose (CMC) as inducer was studied. Several cultural conditions were examined to assess their effect in optimizing enzymes production. Shaking cultures gave higher yields of cellulases compared with static ones. Aspargine supplement was the best nitrogen source, especially at 3.0 g/l concentration, in promoting enzyme production. Variation of cellulose/xylan ratio in the culture medium showed that cellulose and xylan induced both cellulases synthesis but cellulose being the most effective specific substrate. The influence of different inhibitors on enzymes production by S. rolfsii was also studied. Cyclohexmide and ethidium bromide inhibited protein synthesis by S. rolfsii. Moreover, glucose repressed cellulase synthesis in S. rolfsii.
Histomorphological, Micrometrical and Histochemical Characteristics of Abomasum in Gaddi Sheep (Ovis aries)

Whether the company is in full development or experiencing temporary difficulties, management control is one of the tools to consolidate achievements and / or anticipate problems. But what is it and what are its objectives? At the heart of the company's activity, management control is a forecasting tool (budgeting). It allows you to compare achievements against forecasts. The analysis of the gaps found leads to readjusting its strategy and setting new goals
Estimation of Crash Risk for Vehicles Behind Buses in Mixed Traffic

This paper summarises findings from a three-stage modelling approach used to estimate the crash risk of a vehicle that is behind a slowing or stationary bus in a mixed traffic configuration. This approach involves the development of regression and neural network models to represent drivers’ lane changing behaviour, followed by an establishment of crash risk probability and estimation of crash risk through a Monte Carlo simulation approach using time-to-collision and accident data. Through a case study of a road corridor, results showed that speed differences between the subject and lead vehicles in the current and adjacent lanes, distances between the subject and lead or lag vehicle in the adjacent lane as well as whether the bus is a lead vehicle were significant factors that influence lane change. The Monte Carlo simulation results revealed that average crash risk of vehicles that performed the lane change (LC) and those remained in the current lane (NLC) differ (0.0185% vs. 0.0062%). Overall crash risk was found to be 0.0154% (with a standard error of 0.0063%). The risk estimates serve as important findings for bus safety and bus priority research as well as policy–makers in road and transit agencies, as they provide new knowledge of the quantum of risk involved in designing bus stops in mixed traffic as well as benefits delivered by bus priority schemes that segregate buses from mainstream traffic.
Oral health-related behaviors and dental pain among children in Saudi Arabia

Aims: Dental hygiene and oral health status are essential components of health throughout life. The purpose of the study was to investigate the oral health-related behaviors and experienced teeth pain, as well as their correlates, among male schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted recruiting 10 elementary schools, Saudi Arabia. The total sample size was 725 schoolchildren (aged 7–12 years). Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data using a multistage stratified-random sampling procedure. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the association between variables. Results: All of the children (100%) did not have the habit of using tooth flossing regularly. The majority (62.5%) of the children did not have the habit of daily brushing, and only 11.8% brushed their teeth twice or more daily. About 56% missed/skipped visiting dentists in the past 12 months and 34.5% of the children complained a frequent toothache. Daily teeth brushing was significantly associated with young age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.5; P < 0.001), consuming fruits daily (OR = 2.3; P < 0.001) consuming vegetables daily (OR = 2.1; P < 0.001), and visit to dentist in the past 12 months (OR = 1.6; P = 0.010). The frequent toothache was positively associated with daily consumption of carbonated drinks (OR = 1.6; P = 0.005), sweets (OR = 1.8; P = 0.009), and visit to dentist (OR = 1.5; P = 0.010), and inversely associated with daily dairy products consumption (OR = 0.7; P = 0.020). Conclusions: Children's oral hygiene and oral health status were found to be poor and associated with their dietary habits. Preventive school health programs are required for better adaption of oral health behaviors and to maintain good oral health status among children.
'Story Boxes': Using a Multisensory Story Approach to Develop Vocabulary in Children Experiencing Language-Learning Difficulties

One challenge faced by special education teachers in Sri Lanka is in the implementation of whole-class vocabulary enrichment activities. There has been a growing interest in using multisensory, interactive storytelling as a means of encouraging vocabulary development. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating local stories into multi-sensory story-telling and story-making activities as part of a whole-class speech and language therapy programme to assist the teaching and learning of target vocabulary. Two local children’s stories together with relevant story-telling and story-making activities were introduced to 30 children with languagelearning difficulties accessing special education in the south of the country. The children received weekly storytelling sessions for 3 months via trained teaching staff. Receptive and expressive vocabulary measures were undertaken before and after the
Fundamental Differences between Perennial Wall Rocket and Annual Garden Rocket Influence the Commercial Year-Round Supply of These Crops

Perennial wall rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia [L.] DC.) and annual garden rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) are cultivated around the world as salad crops and as an ingredient of condiments. From a botanical perspective these species are classified in the Rapa/Oleracea linage, which is consistent with their similar morphological characteristics, chromosomal number and the diversity of glucosinolates. It is understandable that these species have been informally grouped together for convenience. However, the evaluation of a wide range of factors over a typical production cycle has clearly illustrated that these species should be considered distinct crops from a commercial perspective. We will demonstrate with examples why these species should be managed differently and considered commercially distinct crops.
REALTIME GUIDANCE FOR FLASH FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

Two approaches are currently available for flash flood forecast: i)distributed or semidistributed rainfall-runoff model, able to use distributed rainfall input and to exploit information about basin morphometry ii)simple procedures based on the concept of Flash Flood Guidance, i.e. the approximate threshold basin-average rainfall depth over a given duration that would cause a small stream to begin flooding.This Task provides guidelines on: i) effectiveness of use either rainfall-runoff model or simple threshold procedure for flash flood forecasting ii) worth of use rainfall-runoff model to further specify the flood potential.
STUDY ON THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN OF THE LARGE TOOTH FLOUNDER, PSEUDORHOMBUS ARSIUS (HAMILTON, 1822) COLLECTED FROM OMAN SEA

Based on morphometry, the vertebral column of Pseudorhombus arsius may be divided into four morphologically distinct regions. The biometrical study of the length, height and width of the successive vertebrae constituting the vertebral column of Pseudorhombus arsius allows characteristic vertebral profiles to be drawn. The differences in length of vertebrae present in different regions of the vertebral column cause regionalization in this structure. These morphological descriptive parameters express a morphotype which seems to have a functional link with the anguilliform mode of swimming of the large tooth flounder.
microenvironment T-helper cells Defining characteristics of classical Hodgkin lymphoma

http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/content/122/16/2856.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: (1557 articles) Lymphoid Neoplasia  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:
Identifying the Effect of Persuasion

This paper examines a commonly used measure of persuasion whose precise interpretation has been obscure in the literature. By using the potential outcome framework, we define the causal persuasion rate by a proper conditional probability of taking the action of interest with a persuasive message conditional on not taking the action without the message. We then formally study identification under empirically relevant data scenarios and show that the commonly adopted measure generally does not estimate—but often overstates—the causal rate of persuasion. We discuss several new parameters of interest and provide practical methods for causal inference.
“Unknowing” in the 21st Century: Humble Detachment for Christians With Repetitive Negative Thinking

Drawing from several bodies of literature (i.e., transdiagnostic, Christian theology, contemplative prayer, mindfulness), the authors developed a Christian-sensitive model for understanding repetitive negative thinking. With structural equation modeling (SEM), we empirically investigated a proposed model of the relationship between Christian college students’ views of God’s providence, the ability to surrender to God, humble detachment, and repetitive negative thinking. Utilizing The Cloud of Unknowing as a starting point to operationalize a Christian-distinctive model for making sense of Christians’ struggle with rumination and worry, our conceptualization provides an alternative to mindfulness meditation as a mechanism through which detachment and inner peace can be cultivated in the midst of perseverative thinking. Among a sample of Christian college students (N = 191), the model was empirically supported, showing that the link between surrender and repetitive negative thinking was explained by efforts to “humbly detach. ” Future directions for research, along with a manualized treatment approach that has been developed, are discussed.
Suppression of vulpia and goose grass in dryland pastures through the choice of sown pasture species

Vulpia (Vulpia myuros) and goose grass (Bromus hordeaceus) are common annual grass weeds throughout New Zealand in dryland pastures. They compete with sown species, suppressing pasture production and livestock performance. Their seeds may also damage hides and carcasses. Choice of sown pasture species can be important in limiting their spread. The abundance and fecundity of sown vulpia and goose grass was measured over 1 year in dryland Canterbury pastures sown with different grass and legume species. Survival and seedhead production of both vulpia and goose grass were lower in pastures oversown with the annual legumes subterranean and balansa clover. Annual grass weed establishment was also lower in cocksfoot than perennial ryegrass pastures. In Canterbury dryland pastures subject to summer drought, cocksfoot-based pastures oversown with subterranean and balansa clover show promise as a better alternative to ryegrassbased pastures for suppressing the ingress of these species. Repeating this study over several years in different environments would determine how widely these conclusions can be applied.
Primary Definitive Procedure versus Conventional Three-staged Procedure for the Management of Low-type Anorectal Malformation in Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Females with Krickenbeck low-type anorectal malformations - vestibular fistula (VF) and perineal fistula (PF) - are managed either by a primary definitive or conventional three-staged approach. Ultimate outcome in these children may be affected by wound dehiscence leading to healing by fibrosis. Most of the literature favors one approach over other based on retrospective analysis of their outcomes. Whether a statistically significant difference in wound dehiscence rates between these approaches exists needed to be seen. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial for girls <14 years with VF or PF was done. Random tables were used to randomize 33 children to Group I (primary procedure) and 31 to Group II (three-staged procedure). Statistical analysis was done for significance of difference (P < 0.05) in the primary outcome (wound dehiscence) and secondary outcomes (immediate and early postoperative complications). Results: Of the 64 children randomized, 54 (84%) had VF. Both groups were comparable in demography, clinical profile and age at surgery. The incidence of wound dehiscence (39.4% vs. 18.2%; P = 0.04), immediate postoperative complications (51.5% vs. 12.9%; P = 0.001), and early postoperative complications (42.4% vs. 12.9%; P = 0.01) was significantly higher in Group I as compared to Group II. Six of 13 children (46.2%) with dehiscence in Group I required a diverting colostomy to be made. Conclusions: Females with VF or PF undergoing primary definitive procedure have a significantly higher incidence of wound dehiscence (P = 0.04), immediate (P = 0.001) and early postoperative complications (P = 0.01).
The role of secular evolution in the black hole growth of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies show extreme properties with respect to the other Seyfert galaxies. Indeed, they are thought to be accreting at Eddington rates and to possess low-mass black holes. Therefore, they may represent a key class of objects for understanding the co-evolution of black holes and their host galaxies. We propose that NLS1s represent a class of active galactic nucleus in which the black hole growth is, and has always been, dominated by secular evolution. First, by looking at the NLS1 host galaxy properties in the literature, we show that the evolution of NLS1s is presently driven by secular processes, much more so than for broad-line Seyfert 1s (BLS1s). Secondly, we study the bulges of NLS1 and BLS1 galaxies. Our results demonstrate that NLS1 host bulges are pseudo-bulges and are statistically different from BLS1 bulges. This difference points to the particular importance of secular processes in the past evolution of their hosts. We build on this result to understand the implications on their evolution and the duration of their duty cycle. We show that NLS1s are not necessarily in a special phase of black hole growth and that several Gyr are required for their black hole masses to become similar to BLS1s. Finally, in the light of our results, we discuss the location of NLS1 galaxies on the MBH–σ plane and speculate about the connection between the NLS1 galaxy properties and their black hole spin.
Hydrothermal Alteration of Basalts and Sediments at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 456, Mariana Trough

Basalts in two holes spaced 200 meters apart at DSDP Site 456 in the Mariana Trough both show a downward sequence of nonoxidative and oxidative zones of alteration, each 10 to 15 meters thick, overlying fresh basalts. Basalts in the nonoxidative zone have been extensively chloritized and have vein and vesicle fillings of quartz, opal, chlorite, calcite, and pyrite. Minor sulfides are chalcopyrite and digenite. Basalts in the oxidative zone have abundant smectites and iron hydroxides and are variably enriched in K, Rb, and Ba, unlike the nonoxidative basalts above them. We propose that the oxidative zone was a zone of mixing between high-temperature, reduced hydrothermal fluids moving horizontally beneath impermeable sediments at the top of the pillowed basement lavas and cold, oxygenated seawater in interpillow voids deeper in the basement. Recrystallized vitric tuffs immediately above the basalts containing authigenic quartz and wairakite, as well as occurrence of chlorite, epidote, and chalcopyrite in the basalts, suggest temperatures of alteration in excess of 200°C.
Northern Bobwhite Survival Related to Movement on a Reclaimed Surface Coal Mine

Reclaimed coal mines represent opportunity to provide large tracts of early succession habitat essential to northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations. However, little research has been conducted to explore the potential of reclaimed mine sites and examine bobwhite ecology on these unique areas. Reclaimed mines in Kentucky were planted to non-native species, such as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), which do not provide suitable structure for northern bobwhite brood-rearing and movement. Fallow disking (in blocks and linear firebreaks) and planting food plots are part of current management efforts to improve food availability and habitat structure for broods. We trapped and radiomarked 266 northern bobwhites between April 2010 and September 2011 on Peabody Wildlife Management Area, a 3,330-ha reclaimed coal mine in western Kentucky, USA to investigate the effects of current management practices on movement and survival. We calculated seasonal daily movement as the Euclidean distance from a location on day 1 to day 2. Breeding season (1 Apr-30 Sep) movement averaged 128 m in 2010 and 147 m in 2011. Daily movement averaged 163 m during the 2010–2011 non-breeding (1 Oct-31 Mar) season. Multiple regression analysis indicated annual food plots, disk blocks, firebreaks, and roads did not explain variation within daily movement regardless of season (R 0.04). Individual bird/covey, precipitation, hours between locations, and average temperature also poorly explained movement variation. We used Program MARK to model the effect of season, year, mean daily movement, mean distance to annual food plots, disk blocks, firebreaks, and roads on survival. The season (breeding/non-breeding) model explained 81% of the variation in survival, and the year model explained 13%, suggesting management was not driving survival. We do not believe disking should be discontinued, although it did not influence movement, as it can improve vegetation structure important to nest-site selection and broods. Citation: Unger, A. M. , E. P. Tanner, C. A. Harper, P. D. Keyser, and J. J. Morgan. 2012. Northern bobwhite survival related to movement on a reclaimed surface coal mine. Proceedings of the National Quail Symposium 7:223–228.