Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species after Permanent and Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat

In barbiturate-anesthetized rats, we induced 3 hours of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by an intraluminal thread (n = 6), or 1 hour MCAO followed by 2 hours of reperfusion (n = 6). Through a closed cranial window over the parietal cortex, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured in the infarct border using online in vivo chemiluminescence (CL) while monitoring the appearance of peri-infarct depolarizations (PID). The borderzone localization of the ROS and direct current (DC) potential measurements was confirmed in additional experiments using laser-Doppler scanning, mapping regional CBF changes through the cranial window after permanent (n = 5) or reversible (n = 5) MCAO. CL measurements revealed a short period (10 to 30 minutes) of reduced ROS formation after vessel occlusion, followed by a significant increase (to 162 ± 51%; baseline = 100%; P < .05) from 100 minutes of permanent MCAO onward. Reperfusion after a 1-hour period of MCAO led to a burst-like pattern of ROS production (peak: 489 ± 330%; P < .05). When the experiments were terminated 3 hours after induction of MCAO, CL was still significantly increased above baseline after permanent and reversible MCAO (to 190 ± 67% and 211 ± 64%, respectively; P < .05). Simultaneous DC potential recordings detected 6.4 ± 2.7 PID in the first, 4.7 ± 2.3 in the second, and 2.8 ± 2.0 in the third hour after permanent MCAO. In animals with reversible MCAO, PID were abolished from 15-minutes recirculation onward. There was no temporal relationship between ROS production and peri-infarct DC potential shifts. In conclusion, using a high temporal resolution ROS detection technique (CL), we found that permanent MCAO (after an initial decrease) was accompanied by a steady increase of ROS production during the 3-hour observation period, while reperfusion after 1 hour of MCAO produced a burst in ROS formation. Both patterns of ROS production were not related to the occurrence of PID.
High Frequency Modeling and Parameter Extraction for Vertical-Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers

Accurate modeling and efficient parameter extraction of the equivalent circuit model of high-speed vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) for high-frequency operation based on the rate equations are presented in this paper. The model is versatile in that it permits dc, small signal, and large signal to be performed, and can be easily on commercial circuit software. An analytical method, along with closed-form solution, to determine parasitic elements, intrinsic model parameters and rate equation model parameters of the VCSELs is developed and experimentally verified using on wafer measurement of electronic and optical performance. Modeled and measured results for the input reflection coefficients and modulation responses exhibit good agreement over a wide range of bias points under cutoff and above-threshold biased condition in the frequency range of 50 MHz-20 GHz for an oxide-confined AlGaAs VCSELs.
Frontline Science: Human bone cells as a source of IL‐27 under inflammatory conditions: role of TLRs and cytokines

IL‐27 regulates immune responses as well as hematopoiesis and bone remodeling, but its cellular sources in the bone remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether osteoclasts and osteoblasts—the 2 cell types orchestrating bone homeostasis—could be a source of IL‐27 and identified stimuli that induce its expression in vitro. We observed that human monocyte‐derived osteoclasts expressed a broader range of TLRs than did human primary osteoblasts and that both cell types exhibited a differential induction of IL‐27 expression in response to TLR or cytokine stimulation. Whereas several TLR agonists, notably TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists, induced substantial expression of IL‐27 by osteoclasts, stimulation of osteoblasts with agonists of TLR3 and/or TLR4—the 2 TLRs selectively expressed by these cells—resulted in no or low IL‐27 expression. In addition, IL‐27 increased TLR3 expression in osteoclasts and enhanced poly(I:C)‐mediated induction of IL‐27 in these cells. IFN‐γ, when combined with either IL‐1β plus TNF‐α, IL‐11, or CNTF, induced significant levels of IL‐27 in osteoclasts but not in osteoblasts. In the latter cells, the addition of type I IFN, together with proinflammatory cytokines, was necessary to induce substantial levels of IL‐27. Immunohistochemical studies of inflamed and remodeling bone tissue, including cases of infectious osteomyelitis and bone metastases, provided evidence that osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and occasionally osteocytes or chondrocytes, could express IL‐27 in situ. This autocrine production of IL‐27 by TLR‐ or cytokine‐activated bone cells might constitute a negative‐feedback mechanism to limit bone erosion and to dampen T cell–mediated immune pathology during bone inflammation.
DICER 1 Loss and Alu RNA Induce Age-Related Macular Degeneration via the NLRP 3 Inflammasome and MyD 88

Valeria Tarallo,1,16 Yoshio Hirano,1,16 Bradley D. Gelfand,1,16 Sami Dridi,1 Nagaraj Kerur,1 Younghee Kim,1 Won Gil Cho,1,3 Hiroki Kaneko,1 Benjamin J. Fowler,1,2 Sasha Bogdanovich,1 Romulo J.C. Albuquerque,1 William W. Hauswirth,4 Vince A. Chiodo,4 Jennifer F. Kugel,5 James A. Goodrich,5 Steven L. Ponicsan,5 Gautam Chaudhuri,6 Michael P. Murphy,7 Joshua L. Dunaief,8 Balamurali K. Ambati,9,10 Yuichiro Ogura,11 Jae Wook Yoo,12 Dong-ki Lee,12 Patrick Provost,13 David R. Hinton,14 Gabriel Núñez,15 Judit Z. Baffi,1 Mark E. Kleinman,1 and Jayakrishna Ambati1,2,* 1Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences 2Department of Physiology University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA 3Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju City 220-701, Korea 4Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA 5Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA 7MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, MRC/Wellcome Trust Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK 8F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 9Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences,Moran EyeCenter, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt LakeCity, UT 84132, USA 10Department of Ophthalmology, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA 11Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan 12Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine & BK21 School of Chemical Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea 13CHUL Research Center/CHUQ and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec QC G1K 7P4, Canada 14The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center at the Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA 15Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 16These authors contributed equally to this work *Correspondence: jamba2@email.uky. edu DOI 10.1016/j.cell. 2012.03. 036
Serum Iron Abnormalities in Neuroleptic-Induced Akathisia in Schizophrenic Patients

Twenty-two schizophrenic patients (DSM-III-R criteria) with clinically significant akathisia were matched with 22 schizophrenic patients without akathisia on the following variables: age, sex, diagnosis, duration of illness, and current treatment. Both groups were assessed using a variety of clinical rating scales and several parameters of serum iron status. The akathisic patients showed greater severity of clinical psychopathology, particularly positive symptoms, and an excess of extrapyramidal side-effects. We were unable to confirm any association between low serum iron and neuroleptic-induced akathisia in our sample of community-based patients.
Evidence of lightning NOx and convective transport of pollutants in satellite observations over North America

Column observations of NO2 by GOME and CO by MOPITT over North America and surrounding oceans for April 2000 are analyzed using a regional chemical transport model. Transient enhancements in these measurements due to lightning NOx production or convective transport are examined. Evidence is found for lightning enhancements of NO2 over the continent and western North Atlantic and for convective transport enhancements of CO over the ocean. The two independent satellite measurements show consistent enhancements related to convective events. Model results suggest that the enhancements are particularly large in the lower troposphere due to convective downdrafts of lightning NOx and shallow convection of CO, implying that low‐altitude aircraft in situ observations are potentially critical for evaluating the model simulations and validating satellite observations of these transient features.
Recording the Rate of the Cranial Rhythmic Impulse

Abstract The rate of the cranial rhythmic impulse can be obtained by both palpation and instrumentation. However, the literature has reported higher rates obtained by instrumentation compared with palpation. The cranial rhythmic impulse has been demonstrated to be synchronous with the Traube-Hering oscillation, measured in blood flow velocity. The current study demonstrates that physicians tend to palpate the cranial rhythmic impulse and Traube-Hering oscillation in a 1:2 ratio. This finding provides an explanation for the difference between palpated and instrumentally recorded rates for the cranial rhythmic impulse.
Nucleolar organizer region enumeration in keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin

Keratoacanthomas (KA) and squamous cell carcinomas (SSC) are epithelial skin tumors exhibiting distinctive clinical and histologic features. However, the differential diagnosis between them in individual cases may be difficult or even impossible. In this article the authors examine the possibility that enumeration of associated proteins of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) could be of help in differentiating KA from SCC. AgNOR counting, performed on unequivocal cases of SCC (n = 20) and KA (n = 16) showed statistically significant higher AgNOR counts in SCC (6.29 ± 0.91) compared with KA (3.80 ± 1.62). This result speaks in favor of the different biologic nature of SCC and KA; however, due to significant overlap between the two groups, AgNOR enumeration alone is not sufficiently discriminating so as to be used diagnostically in cases with borderline histologic features. Cancer 1992: 69:2937‐2941.
Hikikomori, is it a Culture-Reactive or Culture-Bound Syndrome? Nidotherapy and a Clinical Vignette from Oman

Hikikomori, a form of acute social withdrawal, is becoming a silent epidemic in Japan. As it has not been reported from other parts of the world, hikikomori fulfills the criteria for “a culture-bound syndrome. ” We report a case from Oman, in the southern part of Arabia, with all the essential features of hikikomori. We speculate that the social environment of Japanese and Omani society could reinforce behavior akin to hikikomori although this condition may also transcend geography and ethnicity.
Hybrid harmony search algorithm and fuzzy mechanism for solving congestion management problem in an electricity market

A hybrid technique for solving the congestion management problem in an electricity market based on harmony search algorithm (HAS) and Fuzzy mechanism is presented in this article. This algorithm does not require initial value setting for the variables and does not require differential gradients, thus it can consider discontinuous functions as well as continuous functions. The HAS is a recently developed powerful evolutionary algorithm, inspired by the improvisation process of musicians, for solving single/multiobjective optimization problems. In the proposed technique, each musician plays a note for finding a best harmony all together. Transmission pricing and congestion management are the key elements of a competitive electricity market based on direct access. They also focus of much of the debate concerning alternative approaches to the market design and the implementation of a common carrier electricity system. This article focuses on the tradeoffs between simplicity and economic efficiency in meeting the objectives of a transmission pricing and congestion management scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is applied on 30 and 118 bus IEEE standard power system in comparison with CPSO, PSO-TVAC, and PSO-TVIW. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed technique is better and superior than other compared methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2015
LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY , CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS AND WORK ABILITY : A STUDY IN RANDOMLY SELECTED RESIDENTS OF ŁÓDŹ

Objectives: Low physical activity is a serious health problem in developed and developing countries. Much attention is also given to the role of physical activity in the modification of work ability in adults. The aim of this study was to assess leisure-time physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and their influence on the subjective work ability in a randomly selected group of professionally active residents of Łódź. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in the randomly selected group of professionally active persons (n = 198). Physical activity was determined by means of the Seven Day Physical Activity Recall (SDPAR). To determine cardiorespiratory fitness in the examined persons, the submaximal treadmill test was performed. Subjective work ability was evaluated using the work ability index (WAI). Results: Correlation coefficient for the WAI and leisure-time physical activity was high r = 0.3, p < 0.0001. Moreover, WAI, its compounds and cardiorespiratory fitness were highly correlated r = 0.4, p < 0.0001. Conclusions: Our analysis of leisure-time physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and WAI emphasizes a great, potential feasibility of improving the WAI and its components, e.g., through the development, promotion, and broad use of training schedules.
Observation of the inverse energy cascade in the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

In this letter we demonstrate for the first time the formation of the inverse energy cascade in the focusing modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation. We study numerically the properties of this cascade such as the dependence of the spectrum shape on the initial excitation parameter (amplitude), perturbation magnitude and the size of the spectral domain. Most importantly we found that the inverse cascade is always accompanied by the direct one and they both form a very stable quasi-stationary structure in the Fourier space in the spirit of the FPU-like reoccurrence phenomenon. The formation of this structure is intrinsically related to the development of the nonlinear stage of the modulational instability (MI). These results can be used in several fields such as the internal gravity water waves, ion-acoustic waves in plasmas and others.
Pharmacokinetics of amprenavir and lopinavir in combination with nevirapine in highly pretreated HIV-infected patients.

ted patients A pharmacokinetic study was performed in five patients treated with the combination of amprenavir, lopinavir and nevirapine. Although the concentrations of amprenavir were within the expected range, lopinavir concentrations varied widely and tended to be lower than predicted by the manufacturer. We concluded that therapeutic drug monitoring should be performed when this combination is applied.
In Vitro Dissolution of Insulin Crystal Polymorphs at Model Conditions Relevant to In Vivo Environment

In vivo dissolution of crystalline insulin formulations is an important step for insulin absorption in the subcutaneous therapy of diabetes, which is the most widespread. Here, data on the in vitro dissolution of three different crystalline forms of commercial porcine insulin are reported. The aim of this study was to create a model framework of in vivo dissolution of insulin crystalline formulations. In situ insulin crystal dissolution was studied at conditions of continuous undersaturation (i.e., in the absence of any free insulin around the crystals) in several types of model flood liquids, at different flooding flow rates relevant to blood capillary flows, and at a dissolution system temperature of 36 °C. Insulin crystal dissolution rate depends strongly on the flooding liquid composition and crystal type, the effects of pH and flooding flow rate being less pronounced. Results of the present study suggest a possibility for purposeful control over in vivo dissolution rates through development of particular insulin crystalline-based formulations.
Executive Dysfunction and Left Frontal White Matter Hyperintensities Are Correlated with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Stroke Patients with Confluent White Matter Hyperintensities

Background/Aims: This study aimed to determine the clinical and neuroimaging correlates of the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in stroke patients with age-related confluent white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Methods: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory was utilized to detect the presence of 12 symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify clinical and neuroimaging correlates of the presence of symptoms. Results: Seventy-seven stroke patients (mean WMH volume: 39.5 cm3) were recruited. Thirty patients (39%) had ≧1 neuropsychiatric symptom. Poor executive function was associated with the presence of any symptoms and symptoms other than depression. More severe left frontal WMH was associated with depression. Conclusion: Executive dysfunction and left frontal WMH are correlated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in these patients.
Molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis: fibroblast growth factor signal transduction

The fibroblast growth factors are a family of structurally related polypeptides that are mitogenic for a broad range of cell types as well as mediators of a wide spectrum of developmental and pathophysiological processes in vivo and in vitro. The fibroblast growth factor family presently consists of nine distinct members. Indeed, the FGF prototypes FGF‐1 (acidic) and FGF‐2 (basic) are well described as modifiers of angiogenesis. The absence of a signal sequence to direct their secretion and their ability to traffic to the nucleus are unique structural features that may be relevant to the regulation of their activities. The FGF receptor family consists of four trans‐membrane receptor tyrosine kinases. Each of these receptors give rise to multiple isoforms as a result of alternative splicing of their mRNAs. The significance of these multiple isoforms is not fully understood; however it is known that alternative splicing in the extracellular domain of these receptors results in altered ligand binding specificities. In addition, alternative splicing in the cytoplasmic domain results in isoforms with increased oncogenic potential. This review7 will describe recent insights into the pathways used for the regulation of FGF secretion and cellular trafficking as well as signaling by FGFRs. —Friesel, R. H. , Maciag, T. Molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis: fibroblast growth factor signal transduction. FASEBJ. 9, 919‐925
Long‐term prognosis for Guillain‐Barré syndrome: Evaluation of prognostic factors and clinical experience of automated double filtration plasmapheresis

Sixty patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), aged 16–83 years, have been identified over a period of 7 years. Of 60 patients, 30 received the double filtration plasmapheresis (DFP), 4 received intravenous immunoglobulin, and the other 26 received supportive care only. Therapeutic outcomes at 1 year were determined using a modified Barthel index. At a follow‐up of 1 year or longer, 31 patients (52%) had recovered, 24 (40%) had residua, and 5 (8%) had died. According to the statistical analysis, disability at the nadir and electrophysiological signs significantly influenced the long‐term outcomes. Complications associated with DFP procedures included physiologic change, technique‐related complications, and vascular access‐related complications. None of our patients had fatal complications related to DFP treatment. Contrary to the established belief that the disease has a favorable outcome, several hospital‐treated patients may still die or present residua even several months after the onset of symptoms. Because disability at the nadir influences the outcomes, early diagnosis and choice of appropriate treatment, which might include DFP, to prevent further neurological deficits, are essential to maximize the potential for survival. J. Clin. Apheresis 18:175–180, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Balloon sinuplasty: our first year

Abstract Introduction: Balloon sinuplasty is a new technology which has only recently been introduced in the UK. We review the current literature, and we present our first year's results for the technique together with a description of indications, outcomes and problems. Methods: Retrospective case note review of 27 consecutive patients undergoing sinuplasty alone in the first year in which this procedure was performed. The main outcome measures used were subjective improvement and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score. Results: Dilatation was successful in 98 per cent of sinuses in which it was attempted; however, subjective improvement was noted in only 62 per cent of patients thus treated. Conclusion: We believe that balloon sinuplasty has a place in routine rhinology practice but that its applications are limited, and that its additional costs must be considered. We present advantages and possible limitations of the technique.
Editorial response: Judicious use of antimicrobial agents for respiratory tract infections in children--why are the pediatricians in Toronto doing so well?

The emergence of bacterial strains that are increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents is a growing concern, and antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens has become a common clinical problem. Currently, ;90% of Moraxella catarrhalis and 25% of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in the United States produce b-lactamase [1], and in some areas, Ä25% of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates are not susceptible to penicillin [2]. Increased resistance among respiratory flora has clearly been associated with recent antimicrobial use. The likelihood of culturing a resistant strain of S. pneumoniae from the nasopharynx is substantially increased if the patient recently completed a course of antimicrobial therapy [3, 4]. More importantly, among patients with invasive pneumococcal disease, recent antimicrobial use has been identified as an important risk factor for infection with multiply drug-resistant strains [5, 6]. Currently, millions of courses of unnecessary antimicrobials are prescribed each year in the United States and Canada for viral respiratory tract infections (e.g., colds, nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis). In the United States, from 1990 to 1992 almost one in six physician office visits resulted in an antimicrobial prescription [7]. According to the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, antimicrobials are the second leading class of drugs prescribed, with acute respiratory tract infections accounting for more than three-quarters of the antimicrobial prescriptions written in physicians’ offices [8]. In 1996, . 26.3 million prescriptions for antimicrobials were filled in Canada, a country with a total population of ;27 million [9].
CROP ROTATION : THE FUTURE OF POTATO INDUSTRY IN ATLANTIC CANADA

The ability of Atlantic Canada's potato industry to remain competitive on international markets is intimately linked to its resource management strategy. Product quality and lower costs of production are key elements in allowing the Canadian industry to maintain its market share and gain new market opportunities. Resource management, and especially soil and crop management, is a most important factor in product quality and lower costs of production.