Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell RNA-seq Identifies Cell Diversity in Embryonic Salivary Glands

Branching organs, including the salivary and mammary glands, lung, and kidney, arise as epithelial buds that are morphologically very similar. However, the mesenchyme is known to guide epithelial morphogenesis and to help govern cell fate and eventual organ specificity. We performed single-cell transcriptome analyses of 14,441 cells from embryonic day 12 submandibular and parotid salivary glands to characterize their molecular identities during bud initiation. The mesenchymal cells were considerably more heterogeneous by clustering analysis than the epithelial cells. Nonetheless, distinct clusters were evident among even the epithelial cells, where unique molecular markers separated presumptive bud and duct cells. Mesenchymal cells formed separate, well-defined clusters specific to each gland. Neuronal and muscle cells of the 2 glands in particular showed different markers and localization patterns. Several gland-specific genes were characteristic of different rhombomeres. A muscle cluster was prominent in the parotid, which was not myoepithelial or vascular smooth muscle. Instead, the muscle cluster expressed genes that mediate skeletal muscle differentiation and function. Striated muscle was indeed found later in development surrounding the parotid gland. Distinct spatial localization patterns of neuronal and muscle cells in embryonic stages appear to foreshadow later differences in adult organ function. These findings demonstrate that the establishment of transcriptional identities emerges early in development, primarily in the mesenchyme of developing salivary glands. We present the first comprehensive description of molecular signatures that define specific cellular landmarks for the bud initiation stage, when the neural crest–derived ectomesenchyme predominates in the salivary mesenchyme that immediately surrounds the budding epithelium. We also provide the first transcriptome data for the largely understudied embryonic parotid gland as compared with the submandibular gland, focusing on the mesenchymal cell populations.
Psychopathological outcomes of adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms

Objective: Despite considerable morbidity and functional losses associated with adolescent borderline personality disorder, little is known about psychopathological outcomes. This study examined associations between adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms and subsequent depressive, psychotic and hypomanic symptoms. Methods: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Participants were adolescents living in the community who had data for all longitudinal outcomes (N = 1758). We used logistic regression and path analysis to investigate associations between borderline personality disorder (five or more probable/definite symptoms) reported at age 11–12 years and depressive and psychotic symptoms reported at age 12 and 18, and lifetime hypomanic symptoms reported at age 22–23 years. Results: Adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms were associated with psychotic symptoms (odds ratio: 2.36, confidence interval: [1.82, 3.06]), diagnosis of depression at age 18 years (odds ratio: 1.30, confidence interval: [1.03, 1.64]) and hypomanic symptoms (odds ratio: 2.89, confidence interval: [2.40, 3.48]) at 22–23 years. Path analysis controlling for associations between all outcomes indicated that borderline personality disorder symptoms were independently associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.97, p < 0.001) at 12 years and hypomanic (β = 0.58, p < 0.01) symptoms at 22–23 years. Borderline personality disorder symptoms were also associated with psychotic symptoms at age 12 years (β = 0.58, p < 0.01), which were linked (β = 0.34, p < 0.01) to psychotic symptoms at age 18 years. Conclusion: Adolescents with borderline personality disorder symptoms are at future risk of psychotic and hypomanic symptoms, and a diagnosis of depression. Future risk is independent of associations between psychopathological outcomes, indicating that adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms have multifinal outcomes. Increasing awareness of borderline personality disorder in early adolescence could facilitate timely secondary prevention of these symptoms subsequently, helping to prevent future psychopathology.
High-resolution computed tomography findings in young infants with cystic fibrosis detected by newborn screening

OBJECTIVE: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) allows the early detection of pathological changes in the lung structure, and reproducible scoring systems can be used to quantify chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of the study was to describe early HRCT findings according to a validated scoring system in infants with CF diagnosed by newborn screening (NBS). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included infants with CF diagnosed by NBS who were born between January 2013 and January 2017 and who underwent HRCT scanning within the first year after diagnosis when they were clinically stable. The CT scans were evaluated using the modified Bhalla score. RESULTS: Thirty-two subjects underwent HRCT scanning. The mean total-modified Bhalla score was 3.6±2.1, and 93.8% of the scans were abnormal. Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway colonization was associated with increased modified Bhalla score values. Bronchial wall thickening was the most common feature (90.6%), followed by bronchial collapse/consolidation (59.4%), mosaic attenuation/perfusion (50%), bronchiectasis (37.5%) and mucus plugging (15.6%). Bronchial wall thickening was diffuse in most of the patients. CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of infants diagnosed with CF after detection by NBS already showed evidence of lung disease. P. aeruginosa colonization was associated with increased Bhalla scores, highlighting the importance of this CF pathogen in early structural lung disease. The presence of bronchial wall thickening at such a young age may reflect the presence of airway inflammatory processes. The detection and quantification of structural abnormalities with the modified Bhalla score may aid in the identification of lung disease before it is clinically apparent.
Estimating a large dimensional factor model with noisy and asynchronous high frequency data∗

In this paper, we estimate large dimensional factor models using high frequency data, which are asynchronous, and potentially contaminated by the market microstructure noise. Our strategy relies on the pre-averaging method to solve the microstructure problems, and on regressions to estimate models with known factors, or on the principal component analysis if factors are unknown. We provide the convergence rates of our estimators using the joint in-fill and increasing dimensionality asymptotics. On the empirical side, we provide an alternative measure of firms’ network connectivity based upon correlations among their latent and idiosyncratic components.
University of Groningen A comparison of natural and non-natural soundscapes on people with severe of profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Background Previous research indicates that there is a relationship between the auditory environment and the core affects (or mood) of people with severe or profound intellectual disability. We conducted a systematic study to further explore this relationship. Method Thirteen participants with severe or profound intellectual disability and challenging behaviour were presented with 5 different soundscapes (Beach, Forest, Urban, Music, and Silence) in a dedicated room. Direct support professionals made core affect observations before and after each trial. Results A trend was visible in the core affect observations, with a prominent and consistent increase in the frequency of observations of a Relaxed core affect across conditions. However, a greater increase in the frequency of observations of a Relaxed core affect and a greater decrease in the frequency of observations of an Interested core affect were associated with the natural conditions (Forest and Beach) rather than the non-natural conditions (Urban and Music). Conclusion This pilot study could serve an important role in raising awareness and stimulating further research regarding the auditory environments of people with severe or profound intellectual disability.
On acquiring a complex personal reference system: Experimental results from Thai children with autism1

Reference of pronouns may be constrained via lexical presuppositions, including marked F-features, implicated presuppositions, and deictic center shifting in certain languages. This paper explores the acquisition of personal reference terms in Thai, a language that has a highly complex personal reference system. The participants of the study were 67 typicallydeveloping children (TD) and 29 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a population which has long been observed to have difficulties with pronouns. The children were asked to complete simple production and comprehension tasks on personal reference terms. Overall, ASD children performed on par in production but significantly poorer in comprehension than TD children. Given the freedom of choice in the production task, ASD children preferred using fixed referential terms for self-reference, whereas TD children opted for personal pronouns. In terms of comprehension, ASD children were shown to generally be able to detect the person features but they seemed to struggle the most with the pragmatic aspects of personal reference terms. Our results support previous literature that lexical presuppositions are acquired earlier than implicated presuppositions. We add to the literature that the types or the amount of implicated presuppositions matter in acquisition.
Therapeutic Follow-Up of Postoperative Patients on Tramadol in the Intensive Care Unit a Tertiary African Hospital: A Cohort Study

Postoperative Pain is considered an undesirable and expected effect of surgery; hence, an effective postoperative analgesia regimen is considered indisputable. Tramadol is an effective analgesic for the relief of moderate to severe postoperative pain [1]. It has an original action profile on both weak opioid agonist on μ receptors, and as a reuptake inhibitor of norepinephrine and serotonin [2]. Tramadol is a prodrug that requires bioactivation to obtain O-desmethyltramadol which has the analgesic effects of tramadol. This bioactivation is done through the hepatic enzyme (CYP2D6) of the cytochrome P450 family which has genetic polymorphisms. In the Caucasian population, 10% of people do not have CYP2D6 activity. Thus, tramadol will have no analgesic effect on them [3-5]. However, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling of drugs ensures their rational use, providing a precise description of the dose-concentrationAbstract
Evaluation of the wound healing activity of a crude extract of Rubia cordifolia L. (Indian madder) in mice

Summary: India has a rich tradition of plant based knowledge on healthcare. A large number of plants are used by folklore traditions in India for treatment of cuts, wounds and burns. Rubia cordifolia Linn. (Rubiaceae) is popular all over the world for its medicinal uses in skin diseases like eczema, dermatitis, skin ulcers, etc. In India, it is used traditionally for various types of skin diseases. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate its scientific validity. The alcoholic extract and the hydrogel of same were investigated for the evaluation of its healing efficiency on excision wound model in mice. A different formulation of alcoholic extract was topically applied on the excision wound surface as a single dose. Wound area and histopathology were used to evaluate the effect on wound healing. The effect produced by gel, in terms of wound contracting ability, wound closure, decrease in surface area of wound, tissue regeneration at the wound site and histopathological characteristics were significant (p < 0.01) in treated mice. The present study thus provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the management of the wounds. Industrial relevance: R. cordifolia is used for the treatment of skin itches and as an antiseptic for wounds. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancers, ulcers, swellings, eczema. In traditional systems there was only claim for the wound healing activity of this plant. However, there is no scientific data to support the wound healing activity of R. cordifolia on excision wound model. Hence, we have conducted the present study to explore the wound healing activity of R. cordifolia crude extract as well as its gel formulation against the specific microorganisms which generally infect wound. The gel is an effective topical dosage form and easy to formulate. It would be an economical option for treatment of wounds.
The Impact of Intramural, Contracted R&D and Import of technology on the innovation returns of Spanish SMEs†

The aim of this study is to ascertain the impact of three different innovation strategies – namely, intramural R&D, externally contracted R&D, and import of technology through licensesupon the returns to R&D (in terms of productivity) attained by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Spanish industry. This paper attempts to contribute to the current literature measuring the effects of innovation strategies on SMEs performance, which has yielded mixed and inconclusive results. In order to evaluate these effects we consider in a first step robust estimates of total factor productivity (TFP) through a GMM approach and numerically compute the sample distribution of the R&D returns. In a second step, we use a regression analysis approach to make inferences about the role of these innovation strategies and their combinations in shaping the distribution of the R&D returns. Also, we aim to analyse the effects of these innovation strategies in relation to the industry where the SME operates. The data used in the analysis are drawn from the Encuesta de Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE). This is an annual survey sponsored by the Spanish Ministry of Industry and carried out since 1990 that is representative of Spanish manufacturing firms classified by industrial sectors and size categories. Using an unbalanced panel of a sample of Spanish manufacturing SMEs, i.e. companies with 10 to 200 employees, over the period 1990-2005, our results suggest that the innovation strategy that combines intramural and externally contracted R&D is the one that pays off more in terms of returns to R&D, while the import of technology seems not providing any additional sinergy effect, except for low-tech SMEs. In the case of low-tech SMEs, the import of technology appears complementary of externally contracted R&D. These results suggest that government policies should stimulate both in-house and externally contracted R&D, and focus on the particular synergy effects between these two strategies. Additionally, in the case of lowtech sectors, the role of imported technology should also be taken into consideration.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF VARIOUS HORMONAL PREPARATIONS (CARP PITUITARY, NERESTIN 6A) IN THE ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION OF PERCA FLUVIATILIS

The objective of this experiment was to test the use of hormonal preparations, which are commonly used in the artificial reproduction of various fish species, on Perca fluviatilis in order to develop and optimize an artificial reproductive technology under controlled conditions. The hormonal preparations used in the experiment were carp hypophysis and Nerestin 6A, and the biological material consisted of 20 females and 6 males. The females were divided into two lots: (L1) carp hypophysis (4 mg / kg female body weight) and (L2) Nerestin 5A (0.25 ml / kg females body weight). Hormonal stimulation was done by intraperitoneal syringe administration for the carp hypophysis and intramuscular injection for Nerestin 5A, both in two divided doses as follows: 20% of the total dose in the first injection and
Exploring Properties of the Deep Image Prior

The Deep Image Prior (DIP, Ulyanov et al., 2017) is a fascinating recent approach for recovering images which appear natural, yet is not fully understood. This work aims at shedding some further light on this approach by investigating the properties of the early outputs of the DIP. First, we show that these early iterations demonstrate invariance to adversarial perturbations by classifying progressive DIP outputs and using a novel saliency map approach. Next we explore using DIP as a defence against adversaries, showing good potential. Finally, we examine the adversarial invariancy of the early DIP outputs, and hypothesize that these outputs may remove non-robust image features. By comparing classification confidence values we show some evidence confirming this hypothesis.
Financial Dependence and Endogenous Entry of Firms in Emerging Economies

Abstract This paper studies the effects of collateral constraints and financial shocks on firm entry dynamics and the real economy in the context of emerging economies. The financial dependence of firms is captured using a small open economy model with endogenous firm entry and external financing of production and startup costs. Firstly, the paper studies the effects of an adverse financial shock that tightens a collateral constraint for working capital borrowing by firms, leading to a decline in real macroeconomic variables, equity price, international debt and firm entry. Secondly, the study is extended to account for an occasionally binding constraint on leverage that introduces non-linearities in the model. The model is evaluated based on results from a panel VAR and it captures the empirical finding that firm entry and GDP declined during the last financial crisis in a group of emerging countries.
Determination the titer antibodies against LPS extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from eye infection

rom September 2008 to May 2009, 122 specimens were collected by sterile cotton swaps from patients suffering from eye infection at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, 12 of them (9.83% isolation percentage) were diagnosed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates by using biochemical tests, API 20 E system: they were named (P(1), P(2),……. P(12)). The agglutination sera for the grouping of P. aeruginosa test show that all the isolates belong to the P. aeruginosa strains (6, 9, 12, 16). The result show that P10 isolate have a greater ability to adhesion when all P. aeruginosa isolates were tested on Congo red agar medium and adherence to smooth surfaces. The chemical analysis of crude LPS that was extracted from P10 by using digestive enzyme and hot phenol water method showed that the percentage of carbohydrates was 7.3 and the percentage of protein was 1.3. No nucleic acids were found while the chemical analysis of partially purified LPS that was made by gel-filtration chromatography by using Sephacryl 200 S showed that the percentage of carbohydrates in the partial purified LPS was 19.5% and the percentage of binding proteins was 0.006%. No nucleic acids were found. When the molecular weight of LPS was measured by gel-filtration chromatography by using Sepharose C1- 6B- 200 it was found to be 630957 Dalton. The sera were prepared by using two wild type rabbits (weight 2-2.5 kg). They were injected with five doses over 70 days of different concentrations of partially purified LPS that have been extracted from P. aeruginosa P (10) isolate. One rabbit was used as a control that has been injected with PBS. The titer of antibodies in sera was determined by passive haemagglutination and it was in the immunized rabbit’s sera 160, and the best concentration of LPS was 10µg.
Equations of State for the Deep Earth: Some Fundamental Considerations

None of the 40+ equations that have been proposed to describe material properties at the pressures of the Earth’s core and mantle have escaped serious criticism. In this paper, some basic algebraic and thermodynamic constraints are reviewed, with the conclusion that the next step should be a re-examination of the relationship between the dependence of the bulk modulus, K, on pressure, P, that is K ′ ≡ d K / d P , and the normalized (dimensionless) pressure, P / K . A linear relationship between 1 / K ′ and P / K terminating at the infinite pressure asymptote, at which these quantities become equal, has been used for analysing properties at extreme pressure, but may be inadequate for calculations requiring precise derivatives of an equation of state. A new analysis indicates that d ( 1 / K ′ ) / d ( P / K ) increases with compression (or P / K ), but there are, at present, no reliable equations representing this. Relationships between higher derivatives of K and the thermodynamic Grüneisen parameter offer the prospect of a resolution of the problem and hence a new generation of fundamentally-based equations of state. Although an earlier conclusion that a completely general ‘universal’ equation is not possible, in principle, is confirmed in this study, the fundamental relationships present strong constraints for the forms of other proposed equations.
Replicating the Pique Technique of Compliance-Gaining

The pique technique predicts requests for giving are more likely met with compliance when an unorthodox request amount is used in replace of a traditional request amount. Three studies were conducted to replicate the pique technique in two request contexts. The results indicated compliance rates and average giving failed to significantly differ based upon request condition. Specifically, requests of $3.17 to support a prosocial cause did not meet with higher compliance when compared to requests for $3.00. The disrupt-only, pique-then-reframe, and disrupt-thenreframe strategies were also tested and compared to baseline requests. The absence of empirical support for the pique technique was discussed and an argument is made for the value of replication studies in compliance-gaining. Replicating and Extending the Pique Technique of Compliance-Gaining People typically donate to prosocial causes because they are asked to do so. The ‘ask’ can come from a familiar source or from a stranger who may call, mail, email, or approach one faceto-face. The request to donate from a stranger is typically met with an absence of response or a gentle declination to help. The reluctance to help individuals or causes can be due to a variety of reasons including a lack of trust in the requester or feelings of discomfort of being put on the spot. The typical response to a request to give is likely automated or scripted due to the number of occasions one has been likely asked to help from individuals representing organizations or causes. The pique technique of compliance-gaining, introduced by Santos, Leve, and Pratkanis (1994), uses an atypical asking amount, such as 47 cents rather than 50 cents, in an effort to halt the refusal script and then increase mindfulness on the part of message receivers. For example, in the first experiment by Santos et al. (1994), passersby on a wharf were approached by confederate panhandlers and asked to spare either 17 or 37 cents (pique conditions) or any change or a quarter (control conditions). It was predicted that the pique technique, “should disrupt the counterarguing and induce positive thoughts about compliance” (Santos et al., 1994,