Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Bangladesh Diabetes Starts Ealier Now Than 10 Years Back: A BIRDEM Study

BIRDEM is the largest referral center of diabetes in the world. It registered more than 300,000 diabetic patients from 1956 to 2005. This retrospective study compared the biophysical characteristics of diabetic patients registered in 1995 to those registered in 2005. Information on social (income, education), clinical (height, weight, blood pressure) and oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) of patients registered in 1995 and 2005 were retrieved from the BIRDEM registry. The age group ≥ 20y was considered eligible. Overall, there were 11489 patients for 1995 and 19580 for 2005. Compared with the registry of 1995, a significant increase of registry for female patients were observed (39.5 vs. 46.7%, p<0.001) and also the rural population (31.9 vs. 47.4%, p<0.001). Likewise, the number of poor social class was also found higher in 2005 (5.2 vs. 25.5%, p<0.001). Young aged (<40y) registry was also significantly higher in 2005 (34.4 vs. 37.1%, p<0.001). Compared with the registered patients of 1995, adjusted for sex and area, those of 2005 had a significantly higher BMI, higher FPG and higher 2hPG (for all, p<0.001). In contrast, a significantly lower age, lower height and lower blood pressure were observed in those of 2005. We conclude that the age at registration for diabetes has decreased significantly in 2005 compared to that in 1995 indicating an earlier onset of diabetes. Significantly higher obesity in the year 2005 than 1995 indicates that there has been an increase in obesity that might be an important contributing factor for earlier onset of diabetes. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2008; 2(1): 1-3 Key words: Diabetes, age of onset, contributing factors. doi: 10.3329/imcj.v2i1. 2922
Dry matter intake, performance and carcass characteristics of hair sheep reared under different grazing systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different grazing systems: isolated, alternate and simultaneous, on feed intake, performance and carcass characteristics of sheep. About 5.2 ha area of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximun Jacq cultivate Tanzania) was divided into 13 paddocks. This area was used as a stocking rate of two animal units (AU) per ha for 7 days? occupation and 21 days rest. A total number of 58 animals were used consisting of 12 heifers and 30 Santa Ines lambs with the addition of 16 adult ewes that were used to stabilize grazing pressure in the isolated system. The sheep were fed on 200 g per head per day of concentrate and cattle 2 kg per head per day. The parameters determined were the following: weekly weight (WW), total live weight gain (LWG) and mean daily weight gain (MDW). Also dry matter intake was estimated 84 days after the start of the experiment using external indicators (Purified and Enriched Lignin) in addition to carcass traits and composition which were also estimated. The result obtained for carcass composition revealed that the muscle:bone ratio and bone percentage were better in the alternate system. Moreover, the simultaneous and isolated systems showed higher lamb performance than the alternate system, while there was no effect on dry matter intake. Furthermore, there was no difference of the different systems on carcass traits and feed intake of sheep. Nevertheless, the simultaneous grazing system showed better sheep performance than the alternate grazing system.
Introducing financial assets into structural models

Este trabajo hace una revision extensiva de la literatura sobre fijacion de precios de activos financieros. Estos se introducen en un modelo macro estructural de equilibrio general estandar. La funcion de politica del modelo calibrado es aproximada hasta el tercer orden. Se derivan aproximaciones de las formulas de valuacion de activos financieros y de los premios, que dependen de los primeros tres momentos condicionales. Se obtiene una curva hipotetica de retorno de bonos donde la curvatura aumenta con una aproximacion de orden mayor por efecto de premios. Adicionalmente, funciones de impulso respuesta de varios shocks estructurales ilustran los efectos en el nivel y en la pendiente de los retornos de bonos con distinta madurez y en la compensacion inflacionaria. Los shocks mas importantes son a la tecnologia y a la meta de inflacion.
A survey on code coverage as a stopping criterion for unit testing

The evidence regarding code coverage as a predictor of software quality is conflicting and inconclusive. However, an estimate of the software testing practices of the majority of professionals can help researchers know how code coverage is being used—or whether it is being used at all. The purpose of this report is to present the results of an online survey we conducted to estimate the percentage of software developers who use code coverage as a stopping criterion for unit testing. We find that a majority of participants 1) perform automated unit testing; and 2) use code coverage, though not always as a stopping criterion. Those people who do not use code coverage, do not find it useful or provide some other reason. Finally, in place of code coverage, we find that most participants stop testing when they have “tested the most important parts of the code”.
Linear superposition of nonlinear waves

Exact nonlinear (arbitrary amplitude) wave-like solutions of an incom- pressible, magnetized, non-dissipative two-fluid system are found. It is shown that, in 1-D propagation, these fully nonlinear solutions display a rare property; they can be linearly superposed. The Alfvsystems—like magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Hall MHD—have the remarkable property that plane-wave-like solutions for fluctuations remain valid for arbitrary levels of perturbations provided that there exist definite relations between the perturbed velocity (v) and magnetic field (b) (1, 2); these relationships render the nonlinear terms strictly zero so that a linear solution like a plane wave becomes an exact nonlinear solution. It is obvious but nonetheless interesting that the 'dispersion relation' for these arbitrary amplitude waves (to be called linear- nonlinear (LNL) waves) is exactly the same as the linear dispersion relation. What is even more remarkable is that, under suitable conditions, the LNL waves obey a linear superposition principle, i.e. the sum of two or more fully nonlinear solutions is also a solution. To the best of our knowledge, this property is rarely found in non-trivial physical systems (3). These rare cases, however, are extremely important and interesting; the most spectacular being the class of fully integrable nonlinear evolution equations which yield 'solitons'—localized, non-dispersive, propagating lumps of energy that not only retain their shape and velocity individually, but also asymptotically revert to the original shape after collisions with other solitons. Solitons, thus, constitute a class of nonlinear solutions that display asymptotic superposition (4). What happens when a system is not 'completely integrable' or it has not been possible to explicitly demonstrate its integrability (in spite of the existence of very elegant tests for complete integrability)? In a set of extremely interesting recent papers, Babin and Figotin (5) have examined a wide class of systems including nonlinear Schr¨ odinger and Maxwell equations; their main conclusion, stated in their own words, is 'we have discovered that the superposition principle holds with a high accuracy for general dispersive nonlinear wave systems provided that the initial data are a sum of generic wave packets'. In this background it is easy to define the scope of this work. We have analyzed a rather complicated real physical system of two interacting vector fields, and found
Difference of Serum BDNF Levels Between Schizophrenic Patients with Smoking in Batak Male and Controls

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder, generally affects approximately 1% of the world population but the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Use of nicotine associated with upregulation of BDNF in the serum. Based on the higher smoking rates among schizophrenic patients and the close relationship between nicotine and BDNF, as well as the repeatedly found alternations of BDNF levels in schizophrenia, many studies have suggested that smoking could play a role in the altered BDNF levels of schizophrenic patients. Aims: To determine the difference of serum BDNF levels among schizophrenia and non schizophrenia smoking in Batak male. Methods: Serum BDNF levels were measured in 68 Batak males, who smoke (34 subjects with chronic schizophrenia, which was diagnosed with MINI-ICD X and 34 subjects non schizophrenia as controls), all subjects were aged 20-60 years old, did not suffer from other mental disorders, neurologic disease, and no history of alcohol and other substances except tobacco. Serum BDNF was analyzed with the Quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique by the use of Quantikine ELISA Human CXCL8/IL-8 HS (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, USA). Results: The serum BDNF levels were lower in the schizophrenic patients with smoking in Batak males than in the control subjects, reaching statistically (26.228±5.722.5 pg/ml) vs (33.148±7.290.4 pg/ml). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in serum BDNF levels between schizophrenic patients with smoking in Batak males and controls. Key-wordsSchizophrenia, Batak male, Smoking, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that is generally characterized by distorted thinking and perception of the fundamental and distinctive, and therefore affects the unnatural (Inappropriate) or blunt (blunted). [1] Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental disorder with a high prevalence (about 1% of the general population), usually beginning before the age of 25, lasting throughout life, and of people from all social classes. [2] The etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia have not been explained so far. Various changes in the central nervous system can lead to clinical manifestations of the disease. Neurotropin plays an important role in regulating the development and maintenance of peripheral and central nervous system functions. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:
Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Platerodinae (Coleoptera: Lycidae)

Genus-group taxa of Platerodinae are revised and valid taxa are redescribed. The validity of Plateros Bourgeois, 1879 is reinstated. Libnetomimus Kleine, 1927 is made a junior synonym of Libnetis Waterhouse, 1878. Calleros Gorham, 1881, Calloplateros Pic, 1923, Costatoplateros Pic, 1949, Ditoneces Waterhouse, 1879, Libnetomorphus Pic, 1921, Microplateros Pic, 1921, Planeteros Gorham, 1883, Tolianus Pic, 1921, Melampyrus Waterhouse, 1879, and the subgenus Cautirodes Pic, 1921 are considered to be junior synonyms of Plateros Bourgeois, 1879. The subgenus Pseudeuplectus Pic, 1922 is synonymized to Cavoplateros Pic, 1913, and Pseudoplateros Green, 1951 is made a junior synonym of Falsocalleros Pic, 1933. Macrolibnetis Pic, 1938 formerly classified with Platerodini is synonymized to Platerodrilus Pic, 1921. Samoaneros Blair, 1928 is considered to be a junior objective synonym of Melaneros Fairmaire, 1877, which is excluded from Platerodinae and is kept incertae sedis in Lycidae. Fernandum Pic, 1924 and Subdihammatus Kleine, 1926 are transferred to the subfamily Leptolycinae. Teroplas oculatus sp. n. and Microlycus mexicanus sp. n. are described. Neotype of Plateros brasiliensis (Lucas, 1857) and lectotype of Microlycus minutus Pic, 1922 are designated. In order to understand relationships within the subfamily, included genus-group taxa were cladistically analysed.
Development of cooperative learning model for introduction to accounting subject in islamic private public university in medan city

The introduction to accounting subject is the basic course for all students in the accounting course. Failure to understand the course is naive for the accounting student. For that we need a revolutionary learning model so that students are able to understand the course more easily. The Cooperative Learning method proves that this model is effectively applied so that students are able to ensure a comprehensive understanding for all students in understanding the introductory course of accounting.
Study of the collapse of granular columns using two-dimensional discrete-grain simulation

Numerical simulations of the collapse and spreading of granular columns onto a horizontal plane using the Contact Dynamics method are presented. The results are in agreement with previous experimental work. The final shape of the deposit appears to depend only on the initial aspect ratio a of the column. The normalized runout distance has a power-law dependence on the aspect ratio a, a dependence incompatible with a simple friction model. The dynamics of the collapse is shown to be mostly controlled by a free fall of the column. Energy dissipation at the base of the column can be described simply by a coefficient of restitution. Hence the energy available for the sideways flow is proportional to the initial potential energy $E_0$. The dissipation process within the sideways flow is approximated well by basal friction, unlike the behaviour of the runout distance. The proportion of mass ejected sideways is shown to play a determining role in the spreading process: as a increases, the same fraction of initial potential energy $E_0$ drives an increasing proportion of the initial mass against friction. This gives a possible explanation for the power-law dependence of the runout distance on a. We propose a new scaling for the runout distance that matches the data well, is compatible with a friction model, and provides a qualitative explanation of the column collapse.
The Tendencies of Surgical Treatment of Infective Endocarditis During the Period of 2007-2009 Years in Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos

This article describes the tendencies of surgical treatment of the patients, admitted to Vilnius University Hospital Santariskių Klinikos due to infectious endocarditis, during the period of 2007-2009 years. Objective. To assess the factors influencing the timing of surgery. To determine if timing of surgery impacts an outcome of infective endocarditis. Design and methods: Demographic, clinical, transthoracic/ transesophagal echocardiographic, microbiological, operation protocol data were analyzed. During the research patients were defined into two different groups by timing of surgical treatment. Surgery performed during the first 7 days after an admission to hospital was named as an emergent/ urgent (n=50), later surgery – as an elective (n=50). Finally, 100 patients with Duke Criteria based diagnosis entered the research. Results. There was a relation between the timing of surgery and etiologic factors of infective endocarditis evaluated, p = 0,034. Patients with diagnosis of prosthetic infective endocarditis received an elective surgical treatment usually - 9 (90%), p = 0,008. Refracteric lung edema required an urgent surgical treatment - 9 (82%), p = 0,050. If intracardiac complications were present, surgical treatment was usually delayed - 20 (70%) cases, p=0,008. The length of vegetations (more than 15 mm) did not influence on timing of surgery. The timing of surgical treatment due to infective endocarditis had no influence on the mortality rates, which were the same - 14% - in both groups. http://dx.doi. org/10.5200/sm-hs.2013. 051
MULTIPLE TESTING OF TWO-SIDED ALTERNATIVES WITH DEPENDENT DATA

Multiple testing procedures have become an integral element of analysis in many practical problems. The development of sound procedures has become an important statistical issue. Many procedures have been suggested and many criteria of goodness have been used. Most recent procedures are stepwise in nature. Perhaps the most fundamental (and typically overlooked) issue is the behavior of the multiple testing procedure as it relates to each individual testing problem. In this paper we study two of the most popular stepwise procedures. We demon- strate that the individual tests they induce are inadmissible in some important two-sided testing models when correlation is present. That is, for each individual hypothesis testing problem, a test exists whose size is less than or equal that of the stepwise procedure test and whose power is greater than or equal that of the stepwise procedure test with some strict inequality. This means that the overall multiple testing procedure is inadmissible whenever a loss based on the number of Type I and Type II errors is used.
Crowns of “forgotten” standards in hardwood floodplain forests

Šálek L. , Machar I. , Sivacioğlu A. , Zahradník D. , Simon J., Jeřábková L. (2017): Crowns of “forgotten” standards in hardwood floodplain forests. J. For. Sci., 63: 538–548. Floodplain forests have traditionally been managed using the coppice-with-standards silvicultural system for centuries. After abandoning this silvicultural system approximately in the 1950s the crown of standards (mature-aged trees) developed gradually under the growing influence of their tree competitors. This study examines the crowns of remnant oak and ash standards in a hardwood floodplain forest along the Morava River in the Czech Republic. 100 oak (Quercus robur Linnaeus) standards and 100 ash (Fraxinus excelsior Linnaeus) standards were randomly selected and the basic mensuration data as well as some ecological data, such as number of large dead branches, cavities, and height of the lowest large dead and green branches, were measured. The four nearest neighbour competitors were identified for each standard, and their height, distance and azimuth were measured. The DBH of the analysed oak standards ranged between 71 and 148 cm, and the projected oak crown area ranged between 125 and 533 m2. The ash DBH ranged between 71 and 127 cm, and projected ash crowns between 194 and 620 m2. To assess competitive pressure, we calculated an index as a ratio of the tangents of angles of regular and compressed crowns. Distance of competing trees was more important than their height in the ash data set, but not in the oak data set.
Carcass Characteristics and Bone Measurements of Commercial Broilers Fed with Inorganic, Organic and Nano Zn Containing Diets

1 Department of Poultry Science, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, TANUVAS, Kattupakkam, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Microbiology, VCRI, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Livestock Product Technology, Veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 5 Department of veterinary Extension, RIVER, Puducherry, India *Corresponding author
Oxygen Uptake during Aerobic Cycling Exercise Simultaneously Combined with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of Antagonists

The purpose of this study was to evaluate oxygen uptake 2 (VO )  during aerobic exercise with a Hybrid Training System (HTS) at a moderate intensity. Recently it is said that the combined application of electrical stimulation (ES) and Volitional Contractions (VC) is effective. A Hybrid Training System (HTS) has been developed as a resistance exercise method combining ES with VC, and using electrically stimulated eccentric antagonist muscle contractions as a resistance to voluntary agonist muscle contractions. The benefits of combining aerobic exercise and resistance exercise have also been reported. Therefore, we devised an exercise method that combines the resistance exercise of HTS with aerobic cycling exercise. However, the influence of HTS on aerobic exercise has not been confirmed. Outcome measurements of expired gas were compared during conventional ergometer exercise with and without HTS. 11 healthy young men exercised on a cycle ergometer starting at 20 Watts and increasing by 20 Watts every 3 minutes to 100 Watts, with volitional contractions alone (VER) and with HTS (HER). During each VER and HER test, 2 VO  , carbon dioxide output 2 (VCO )  , expired ventilation (VE) and heart rate (HR) was measured. HR, 22 VO ,VCO  and VE  showed a linear relation with workload during both VER and HER. 2 VO  during HER was significantly higher than during VER at an average of about 21.1% (p<0.001). HER at moderate intensity seems to result in a linear relationship between 2 VO  and the work rate in the same way as conventional aerobic exercise. Furthermore HER resulted in stronger exercise intensity than VER with the same workload. HTS may be a novel exercise technique that could combine resistance exercise with aerobic exercise.
Does bursa Malaysia overreact

Findings for the whole period from January 1987 to December 2006 reveal that loser has insignificantly becomes loser and winner has significantly reversed in the subsequent period. Arbitrage portfolio does not provide any significant abnormal return thus, not consistent with the overreaction hypothesis. This is due to the reason that Malaysian investors are overoptimistic. After controlling for size, both small and large stocks have significantly support the overreaction hypothesis even after adjustment for difference in risk. No evidence of January effect is reported during the period; however, there is evidence of Chinese New Year effect documented in the findings. The study also shows that Malaysian Stock Market overreacts prior to 1997 Asian Financial crisis. During the post crisis, the results are not consistent with overreaction hypothesis. One possible reason to this behaviour is that investors are more aware of the phenomenon and have altered their trading strategy. As a result, overreaction behaviour diminishes and stock market gradually becomes efficient in the post crisis. These findings suggest that stock overreaction behaviour in Malaysian stock market only benefited the short-term investors. However, when the strategy is based on a longer formation period such as 5-year formation period, long-term investors are able to earn significant positive abnormal returns.
Teachers Who Beat the Odds: Value-Added Reading Instruction in Minneapolis 2nd Grade Classrooms.

A study utilized data from four successive school years to explore the stability and correlates of teacher effects in reading. A "value-added" model was used to isolate the effect of the teacher from child demographic variables such as race, poverty, gender, family composition, and special learning needs. Teacher effects in second grade reading were found to have moderate stability over two consecutive years. Estimates of teacher effect stability increased substantially when value-added effects were aggregated over three or more years. Teacher effects in second grade reading correlated dependably with several facets of direct instruction philosophy and practice on a self-report survey. Teachers who demonstrated the highest value-added tended to disagree with the statement "reading and writing develop naturally, like speaking. " They endorsed more use of small group instruction and more use of guided practice. Teachers identified as "exceptional" through value-added analysis endorsed more teacher directed activities, more development of word attack strategies and more use of individual student oral reading. Use of systematic motivational strategies and some form of test preparation activity were also endorsed to a greater extent by teachers with high value-added estimates. These findings are consistent with National Research Council findings on prevention of early reading difficulties. A balanced reading approach which utilizes explicit reading skill instruction was associated with higher reading success in second grade classrooms in this study. (Contains 61 references, 5 notes, and 20 tables of data.) (RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. TEACHERS WHO BEAT THE ODDS: VALUE-ADDED READING INSTRUCTION IN MINNEAPOLIS 2ND GRADE