Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential Activities of Four Lactobacillus casei Promoters during Bacterial Transit through the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Human-Microbiota-Associated Mice

ABSTRACT In a previous study using fusion of the deregulated lactose promoter lacTp* and reporter genes, we suggested that Lactobacillus casei could initiate de novo protein synthesis during intestinal transit. In order to confirm this finding and extend it to other promoters, we adopted a reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) approach combined with a transcriptional fusion system consisting of luciferase genes under the control of four promoters (ccpA, dlt, ldh, and lacT*) from L. casei DN-114 001. Promoter expression was monitored during cell growth, and variable luciferase activities were detected. In 3-day cultures, all the genetically modified strains survived but without exhibiting luciferase activity. Luciferase mRNA levels determined by RT-QPCR analysis (RNA/CFU) were not significant. The cultures were administered to human-microbiota-associated mice, and the feces were collected 6 h later. L. casei promoters lacTp* and ldhp initiated mRNA synthesis during gastrointestinal transit. The promoters, ccpAp and dltp, exhibited no luciferase activity, nor was de novo-synthesized luciferase mRNA detected in the feces. L. casei seems to adapt its physiology to the gastrointestinal tract environment by modulating promoter activities. The approach (fecal transcriptional analysis) described herein may, moreover, be of value in studying gene expression of transiting bacteria in human fecal specimens.
COMPARISON OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH ACNE VULGARIS AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units, which chiefly involves face and upper part of the trunk. Its prevalence is highest in adolescence, where the individual counters several psychosocial changes. Depression, suicidal thoughts, and low self esteem are reported in the patients with this disease. Aim: The goal of this study is to compare prevalence of anxiety and depression in the patients with acne vulgaris and normal population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 82 patients with acne vulgaris and 82 persons without acne who referred to a dermatology clinic and a specialized office for skin diseases in Rasht were studied. Anxiety and depression were evaluated by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire and severity of acne was evaluated by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 14.0 software, independent T-test, multi variate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and chi-square test for comparison the quantitative and ordinal data, respectively; with α=0.05. Results: Prevalence of anxiety and mean of anxiety scores were 68.3% and 9.17 ± 3.52, respectively, in patients group and 39.1% and 7.10 ± 3.07, respectively, in control group in which there was a significant difference (P = 0.001). Prevalence of depression and mean of depression scores were 25.6% and 5.34 ± 3.29, respectively, in patients group and 28.1% and 5.01 ± 3.32, respectively, in control group in which there was no significant difference. Conclusion: According to high prevalence of anxiety in patients with acne vulgaris, assessment of the screening mental status of the patients by simple questionnaire such as HADS is suggested.
Pretask speed training and movement complexity as factors in rotary pursuit skill acquisition.

Abstract The effects of 4 gradual build-up pretask speed training programs were observed for rotary pursuit transfer scores using 216 men and women physical education majors. Ss were exposed to 3 days of pretask speed training and 3 transfer days where all Ss were tested at the same speed. A complexity dimension was added utilizing a circle, square, or triangle top plate. A 4 × 2 × 3 × 3 ANOVA was computed with repeated measures on the 3 transfer days. The other factors were 4 training conditions, sex, and 3 complexity levels. No significant differences were observed for sex, yet the other 3 main effects showed significant differences at the . 05 level. The group exposed to the slowest speed training program was the only group of Ss which had significantly lower time-on-target scores from the control group who trained at the criterion speed. The complexity groups produced significantly different scores with the circle greater than the square, and the square greater than the triangle. The analysis for the d.
Pathophysiology of Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes Mellitus

Many lipoprotein abnormalities are seen in the untreated, hyperglycemic diabetic patient. The non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patient with mild fasting hyperglycemia commonly has mild hypertriglyceridemia due to overproduction of TG-rich lipoproteins in the liver, associated with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. The more hyperglycemic untreated NIDDM and insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patient have mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia due to decreased adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase, (LPL) activity. These patients also have decreased HDL cholesterol levels associated with defective LPL catabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins. Treatment of diabetes with oral sulfonylureas or insulin corrects most of the hypertriglyceridemia and some of the decrease in HDL cholesterol. The abnormality in adipose tissue LPL activity corrects slowly over several months of therapy. The treated IDDM patient often has normal lipoprotein levels. The treated NIDDM patient may continue to have mild hypertriglyceridemia, increased intermediate-density lipoprotein levels, small dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL) with increased apoprotein B, and decreased HDL cholesterol levels. The central, abdominal distribution of adipose tissue in IDDM is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and the above lipoprotein abnormalities. Improvement in glucose control, in the absence of weight gain, leads to lower triglyceride and higher HDL cholesterol levels. In addition, the diabetic patient is prone to develop other defects that, in themselves, lead to hyperlipidemia, such as proteinuria, hypothyroidism, and hypertension, treated with thiazide diuretics and β-adrenergic-blocking agents. When a diabetic patient independently inherits a common familial form of hypertriglyceridemia, he might develop the severe hypertriglyceridemia of the chylomicronemia syndrome.
Synaptic protein expression by regenerating adult photoreceptors

Regeneration of functionally normal synapses is required for functional recovery after degenerative central nervous system insults and requires proper expression and targeting of presynaptic proteins by regenerating neurons. The reconstitution of presynaptic terminals by regenerating adult neurons is poorly understood, however. We examined the intrinsic ability of regenerating adult retinal photoreceptors to reconstitute properly differentiated presynaptic terminals in the absence of target contact. The expression and localization of vesicle‐associated membrane protein (VAMP), synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2), synaptophysin, synapsin I, and synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP‐25) was assessed immunocytochemically. Photoreceptor terminals in the intact retina contain VAMP, SV2, synaptophysin, and SNAP‐25, but not synapsin I. Isolated, regenerating adult photoreceptors intrinsically expressed the proper complement of synaptic vesicle proteins in the absence of target contact: VAMP, SV2, and synaptophysin were present at all stages of regenerative growth; synapsin I was never expressed. At early stages of regenerative growth, VAMP, SV2, and synaptophysin were diffusely localized in the cell, with prominent VAMP labeling distributed along the plasma membrane. SV2 and synaptophysin rapidly localized to regenerated terminals, but VAMP accumulated much more slowly, indicating that these proteins are trafficked independently. In contrast, labeling for SNAP‐25, which is associated with the presynaptic plasma membrane, was undetectable in regenerating photoreceptors, suggesting that SNAP‐25 expression is target‐regulated. Thus, regenerating photoreceptors can intrinsically regulate the expression of the proper set of synaptic vesicle proteins. Proper expression of other presynaptic proteins, such as SNAP‐25, and proper subcellular localization of synaptic proteins such as VAMP, however, may require extrinsic cues such as target contact. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:275–288, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones on Cognitive Function , Bone Mineral Density , and Plasma Lipids in Postmenopausal Women

THE SUDDEN DECLINE IN ESTROgen levels after menopause coincides with acceleration of several aging processes. On average, bone mineral density (BMD) decreases and cognitive function declines, whereas total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increase. It has been suggested that postmenopausal estrogen therapy might counteract some of these changes. However, short-term estrogen use is associated with the recurrence of vaginal bleeding, and longterm use has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. Phytoestrogens, including isoflavones and lignans, are estrogenlike compounds naturally occurring in plant foods such as soy, beans and peas, fruits, vegetables, and nuts and grains. These compounds can activate the estrogen receptor and cause messenger RNA transcription. Depending on the situation, binding to the receptor in the presence of endogenous estrogen in premenopausal women could result in an antagonist action by competitive binding, whereas in the postmenopausal state, phytoestrogens have been hypothesized to act as an agonist. If that is the case, they could provide an alternative for traditional estrogen therapy. The normal consumption of Author Affiliations are listed at the end of this article. Corresponding Author: Yvonne T. van der Schouw, PhD, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, Room D 01.335, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands (y.t.vanderschouw @umcutrecht.nl). Context Postmenopausal estrogen therapy has been posited to have some beneficial effects on aging processes, but its use has risks. Isoflavones, estrogenlike compounds naturally occurring in plant foods, might confer positive effects with fewer adverse effects.
The majority of inpatient psychiatric beds should not be appropriated by the forensic system.

In 2006, the National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD) published a report entitled “The Crisis in Acute Psychiatric Care. ”[1][1] The report noted reduced inpatient bed capacity in state, private, and general hospital psychiatric units. Citing estimates from the
Timing of recurrent uveitis in patients with Behçet's disease receiving infliximab treatment

Aim To investigate the relationship between recurrence of uveitis and timing of infliximab in patients with Behçet's disease. Methods Charts were retrospectively reviewed for 23 patients with refractory uveoretinitis associated with Behçet's disease treated using infliximab at our hospital. Infliximab was administered by intravenous infusion at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter. The relationship between recurrence of uveitis and infliximab infusion was analysed. Results Mean duration of infliximab treatment for the 23 patients was 20 months, and the mean number of infliximab infusions was 12. Recurrent uveitis was seen during treatment in 13 of 23 patients, with no recurrences in the remaining 10 patients. Two patients developed recurrence soon after starting treatment—for example, first recurrence after starting infliximab was on day 19 or day 29, but the other 11 patients experienced recurrences after 5–6 months of infliximab treatment. As regards the timing of recurrences following infliximab infusion, 10 of the 13 patients developed recurrences ∼5 weeks after infliximab infusion. Recurrent uveitis in these patients most often occurred during weeks 7–8 after infusion. However, three of the patients developed recurrent uveitis at various times, for example in weeks 1, 4, 7 and 8 after infliximab infusion. Conclusion Infliximab is effective for suppressing recurrence of uveitis in Behçet's disease, but responses to infliximab differ among patients. Careful observation following infliximab infusion is necessary to manage the recurrence of uveitis during treatment.
Perimenopausal Women's Alienation

A feminist perspective was used to interpret data gathered from perimenopausal women using hormonal replacement therapy. Silence was the most pervasive and disquieting theme. These women parroted biomedical cognizance and iterated little authentic expression of experience. This silence reflected the women's existential position of the double other, marginalized first by being a woman and second by reason of medical norms for women being based on reproductive function. This position of alienation is explored within the context of Western culture and the patriarchal values of rationality and science. Implications are drawn for holistic nurses to facilitate women's physical awareness and articulation of their personal experiences.
Aminotransferase elevations in healthy adults receiving 4 grams of acetaminophen daily: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT During a clinical trial of a novel hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination, a high incidence of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations was observed. OBJECTIVE To characterize the incidence and magnitude of ALT elevations in healthy participants receiving 4 g of acetaminophen daily, either alone or in combination with selected opioids, as compared with participants treated with placebo. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, 5-treatment, parallel-group, inpatient, diet-controlled (meals provided), longitudinal study of 145 healthy adults in 2 US inpatient clinical pharmacology units. INTERVENTION Each participant received either placebo (n = 39), 1 of 3 acetaminophen/opioid combinations (n = 80), or acetaminophen alone (n = 26). Each active treatment included 4 g of acetaminophen daily, the maximum recommended daily dosage. The intended treatment duration was 14 days. Main Outcomes Serum liver chemistries and trough acetaminophen concentrations measured daily through 8 days, and at 1- or 2-day intervals thereafter. RESULTS None of the 39 participants assigned to placebo had a maximum ALT of more than 3 times the upper limit of normal. In contrast, the incidence of maximum ALT of more than 3 times the upper limits of normal was 31% to 44% in the 4 treatment groups receiving acetaminophen, including those participants treated with acetaminophen alone. Compared with placebo, treatment with acetaminophen was associated with a markedly higher median maximum ALT (ratio of medians, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-4.09; P<.001). Trough acetaminophen concentrations did not exceed therapeutic limits in any participant and, after active treatment was discontinued, often decreased to undetectable levels before ALT elevations resolved. CONCLUSIONS Initiation of recurrent daily intake of 4 g of acetaminophen in healthy adults is associated with ALT elevations and concomitant treatment with opioids does not seem to increase this effect. History of acetaminophen ingestion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of serum aminotransferase elevations, even in the absence of measurable serum acetaminophen concentrations.
Safety Evaluation And Risk Assessment Of d-Limonene

d-Limonene, a major constituent of citrus oils, is a monoterpene widely used as a flavor/fragrance additive in cosmetics, foods, and industrial solvents as it possesses a pleasant lemon-like odor. d-Limonene has been designated as a chemical with low toxicity based upon lethal dose (LD50) and repeated-dose toxicity studies when administered orally to animals. However, skin irritation or sensitizing potential was reported following widespread use of this agent in various consumer products. In experimental animals and humans, oxidation products or metabolites of d-limonene were shown to act as skin irritants. Carcinogenic effects have also been observed in male rats, but the mode of action (MOA) is considered irrelevant for humans as the protein α2u-globulin responsible for this effect in rodents is absent in humans. Thus, the liver was identified as a critical target organ following oral administration of d-limonene. Other than the adverse dermal effects noted in humans, other notable toxic effects of d-limonene have not been reported. The reference dose (RfD), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), and the systemic exposure dose (SED) were determined and found to be 2.5 mg/kg/d, 250 mg/kg//d, and 1.48 mg/kg/d, respectively. Consequently, the margin of exposure (MOE = NOAEL/SED) of 169 was derived based upon the data, and the hazard index (HI = SED/RfD) for d-limonene is 0.592. Taking into consideration conservative estimation, d-limonene appears to exert no serious risk for human exposure. Based on adverse effects and risk assessments, d-limonene may be regarded as a safe ingredient. However, the potential occurrence of skin irritation necessitates regulation of this chemical as an ingredient in cosmetics. In conclusion, the use of d-limonene in cosmetics is safe under the current regulatory guidelines for cosmetics.
Influence of cannabidiol on delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol effects

Experiments investigating the possible interaction of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), two major components of marihuana, were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions in a double‐blind manner. In one study, 15 male volunteers were given placebo or 25 µg/kg of THC together with either placebo or 150 µg/kg of CBD by inhalation of the smoke of a single cigarette. All four treatments were assigned to each subject according to a series of Latin‐square designs. CBD significantly attenuated the subjective euphoria of THC. Psychomotor impairment due to THC was not significantly altered by the simultaneous administration of CBD, but a trend indicating a decrease in THC‐like effects was observed after the combination. When administered alone CBD was inactive for all the parameters measured. In a second study, 8 male subjects were given CBD (0 or 150 µg/kg) by smoke inhalation 30 min before THC (0 or 25 µg/kg) in a second cigarette. In contrast to the simultaneous administration of both drugs, CBD pretreatment did not alter the effects of THC on the parameters observed.
Tolerability of paliperidone: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials

Balancing tolerability and efficacy of medications can be problematic for clinicians when assessing appropriate therapy for patients. For antipsychotic therapy, this can be especially challenging because of the hazardous movement and metabolic effects associated with them. Paliperidone is an atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. A systematic review of the literature for the tolerability of the drug, paliperidone, was performed. A total of 15 articles met the criteria for inclusion representing a total of 3779 patients. Data combination was conducted using the Mantel–Haenszel method, random effects model at 95% confidence. Adverse events with the greatest incidence in the paliperidone population were any treatment emergent adverse event (68%), extra-pyramidal symptoms (23%), headache (14%), insomnia (11%), somnolence (9%), tachycardia (9%) and weight gain (8%). Reported events most likely related to paliperidone [largest attributable risks (AR)] were extra-pyramidal symptoms (AR=10), reduction in acute psychosis (AR=8), any treatment emergent adverse event (AR=6), tachycardia (AR=4), and weight gain (AR=4). Events where incidence was entirely because of paliperidone (incidence equals AR) were hypersalivation (3), dysarthria (2), and sexual dysfunction (1). Reported events totally unrelated to paliperidone (AR=0) included anxiety, asthenia, constipation, depression, dyspepsia, glucose related events, and vomiting. Overall, a 50% reduction in treatment emergent psychosis was seen in schizophrenic patients treated with paliperidone, however the reduction of a psychotic event is about equal to the occurrence of an adverse event with paliperidone.
Effects of a Combined Deficiency of Vitamins E and B6 on Blood Picture of Rat.∗

Summary Sprague-Dawley rats deficient in both vit. E and B6 exhibited a greatly increased peripheral neutrophil count. Supplementation of the diet with either of these vitamins prevented this increase. The B6-deficient rats exhibited a slight lymphopenia which was not affected by vit. E. None of the animals developed anemia.
Feasibility and safety of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric submucosal tumors, including esophagogastric junction tumors

Recently, the use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric submucosal tumor (gSMT) and the development of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) have enabled either preservation of the stomach or minimization of the extent of partial resection. In the present study, the outcomes following the recent introduction of LECS for gSMT are presented. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of LECS for gSMT, including esophagogastric junction (EGJ) SMT.
Effects of Household Processing on reduction of Pesticide Residues in Brinjal and Okra

The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of household processing on removal of organophosphate (chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos) and pyrethroid (cypermethrin) residues in brinjal and okra. The household processes included washing separately with water, 2.0% NaCl, 1.0 % NaHCO3, 0.5 % acetic acid and boiling in water. Samples of brinjal and okra were collected from experimental field which were sprayed with different concentration of pesticide on the vegetables.In the household processes of brinjal, residues reduced by 29.5-99.2%, 30.2-92.1% and 65.6-99.7%, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and monocrotophos respectively. Whereas household processes of okra, residues reduced by 24.5 -98.9%, 27.2-92.2% and 62.4-99.5%, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and monocrotophos respectively. Maximum residues were reduced by boiling (99.7%) reduction of pesticides was observed in brinjal, and okra by household processing. Boiling was found comparatively more effective t han washing in dislodging the residues. The samples were extracted with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile mixture and cleaned up with primary secondary amine (PSA) and magnesium sulphate. Experiments on two fortification concentrations are carried out, and th e limits of detection are 0.004, and 0.003 mg/kg for chlorpyriphos, monocrotophos respectively. The average recoveries of pesticide residues in brinjal and okra samples are 80.0 to 105.0 .