Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing serum albumin concentration following exercise-induced fluid shifts in the context of the athlete biological passport.

PURPOSE The hydration status of an athlete at the time of a doping control sample collection is an important factor to consider when reviewing athlete biological passports (ABPs). Dehydration results in a reduction of the circulating plasma volume (PV), which may lead to artificially high values of some blood parameters. This study aimed to identify whether serum albumin could serve as a single marker of fluid shifts, which are not currently accounted for in the hematological passport. An additional marker could be used to assist experts when interpreting irregularities in the ABP. METHODS Twelve subjects underwent multiple controlled exercise trials designed to induce varying levels of PV shifts. Pre-exercise blood samples were collected to establish baseline values for individual passports. During exercise interventions, blood samples were collected before the start of exercise and at 10 minute, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours following exercise. RESULTS Significant increases in hematological parameters - hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit (HCT), albumin (ALB), and calculated OFF-score - were identified at varying time points following fluid shift-inducing exercise. Changes in ALB correlated strongly with changes in [Hb] (r = 0.753) and with estimated PV shifts (r = -0.764). In analyzing ABPs, the resulting increases in Hb did not trigger any atypical findings at 99% specificity. PERSPECTIVE Monitoring changes in ALB longitudinally may assist experts when reviewing PV shifts in the biological passport.
Moderate Physical Activity as a Prevention Method for Knee Osteoarthritis and the Role of Synoviocytes as Biological Key

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of moderate physical activity (MPA) on the expression of osteoarthritis (OA)-related (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-13) and anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective (IL-4, IL-10, lubricin) biomarkers in the synovium of an OA-induced rat model. A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups: Control rats (Group 1); rats performing MPA (Group 2); anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-rats with OA (Group 3); and, ACLT-rats performing MPA (Group 4). Analyses were performed using Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. In Group 3, OA biomarkers were significantly increased, whereas, IL-4, IL-10, and lubricin were significantly lower than in the other experimental groups. We hypothesize that MPA might partake in rescuing type B synoviocyte dysfunction at the early stages of OA, delaying the progression of the disease.
Dopamine restores cognitive motivation in Parkinson’s disease

Disorders of motivation, such as apathy, are common in Parkinson's disease, and a key feature of such disorders is a greater aversion to effort. In humans, the experience of cognitive effort is ubiquitous, and cognitive apathy has traditionally been considered distinct and separable from other subtypes. Surprisingly, however, the neurobiology of cognitive motivation is poorly understood. In particular, although dopamine has a well-characterized role in incentivizing physically effortful behaviour, a critical, unresolved issue is whether its facilitatory role generalizes to other domains. Here, we asked how dopamine modulates the willingness of patients with Parkinson's disease to invest cognitive effort in return for reward. We tested 20 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease across two counterbalanced sessions-ON and OFF their usual dopaminergic medication-and compared their performance to 20 healthy age-matched controls. We applied a novel task in which we manipulated cognitive effort as the number of rapid serial visual presentation streams to which participants had to attend. After training participants to ceiling performance, we then asked them to choose between a low-effort/low-reward baseline option, and a higher-effort/higher-reward offer. Computational models of choice behaviour revealed four key results. First, patients OFF medication were significantly less cognitively motivated than controls, as manifest by steeper cognitive effort discounting functions in the former group. Second, dopaminergic therapy improved this deficit, such that choices in patients ON medication were indistinguishable from controls. Third, differences in motivation were also accompanied by independent changes in the stochasticity of individuals' decisions, such that dopamine reduced the variability in choice behaviour. Finally, choices on our task correlated uniquely with the subscale of the Dimensional Apathy Scale that specifically indexes cognitive motivation, which suggests a close relationship between our laboratory measure of cognitive effort discounting and subjective reports of day-to-day cognitive apathy. Importantly, participants' choices were not confounded by temporal discounting, probability discounting, physical demand, or varying task performance. These results are the first to reveal the central role of dopamine in overcoming cognitive effort costs. They provide an insight into the computational mechanisms underlying cognitive apathy in Parkinson's disease, and demonstrate its amenability to dopaminergic therapy. More broadly, they offer important empirical support for prominent frameworks proposing a domain-general role for dopamine in value-based decision-making, and provide a critical link between dopamine and multidimensional theories of apathy.
Material Characterizations of Gr-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer for Possible Sensor Applications: Rheological and Resistivity Properties

Considering persistent years, many researchers continuously seek an optimum way to utilize the idea of magnetorheology (MR) materials to be practically used for everyday life, particularly concerning resistivity sensing application. The rheology and resistivity of a graphite (Gr)-based magnetorheological elastomer (Gr-MRE) were experimentally evaluated in the present research. Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) samples were prepared by adding Gr as a new additive during MRE fabrication. The effect of additional Gr on the rheological and resistivity properties were investigated and compared with those of typical MREs without a Gr additive. Morphological aspects of Gr-MRE were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Rheological properties under different magnetic fields were evaluated using a parallel-plate rheometer. Subsequently, the resistivity of all samples was measured under different applied forces and magnetic fields. From the resistivity evaluation, two relationship curves resistance (R) under different applied forces (F) and different magnetic fields (B) were established and plotted by using an empirical model. It was observed from the FESEM images that the presence of Gr fractions arrangement contributes to the conductivity of MRE. It was also observed that, with the addition of Gr, rheological properties such as the field-dependent modulus can be improved, particularly at low strain amplitudes. It is also demonstrated that the addition of Gr in MRE can contribute to the likely use of force detection in tactile sensing devices.
Assessing fear of childbirth and its predictors among Hungarian pregnant women using Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire subscales

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess fear of childbirth (FOB) among Hungarian pregnant women and determine predictors based on WDEQ-A subscales. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 healthy pregnant women during their third trimester. A socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics, the Hungarian version of WDEQ-A, Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used. The analysis was performed using multivariate linear regression. Among four WDEQ-A subscales, Fear (19%) and Lack of positive emotion (13%) obtained the largest and smallest percentages of cases with severe FOB. The nulliparous obtained significantly higher mean score in subscales Isolation and Lack of positive emotion compared to the multiparous. Anxiety was the most common predictor for all subscales in both groups. In the nulliparous group, significant predictors included economic hardship for Moment of birth, being a housewife for Fear, and wanted pregnancy for Lack of positive emotion. In the multiparous women, the strongest significant predictors were being married, previous elective caesarean section and being a housewife for subscales Isolation, Moment of birth, and Fear, respectively. Assessing FOB using WDEQ-A among Hungarian women revealed different mean scores and predisposing factors for each subscale. The topic should be further explored relative to its constituent factors.
Good functional outcome following bilateral external capsule hemorrhage mimicking bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage in a coma patient

Abstract Simultaneous spontaneous bilateral external capsule hemorrhage is a rare clinical entity with extremely poor outcome. However, knowledge on the effective management of this fatal disease is limited. Herein,we described a case of a 42-year-old man with acute coma and quadriplegia as well as respiratory failure related to the disease. The patient underwent minimally invasive surgery plus local thrombolysis. Consequently, he recovered with satisfactory neurological function recovery on the 180th day of follow-up.
Biological and Microbial Control Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures on Development Rates and Longevity of Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis ( Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae )

The effects of fluctuating and constant temperatures on the development and longevity of Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam, and Argarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid sourced from Pakistan and released in California for the classical biological control of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), were examined. The influence of six fluctuating temperatures that averaged 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35°C, over 24 h on the development times and longevity of male and female D. aligarhensis were quantified and compared to six constant temperatures set at the same average temperatures. The development rates of immature stages of D. aligarhensis as a function of temperature were modeled using one linear and four nonlinear models. Fluctuating temperatures had significant effects on parasitoid development times and longevity which differed across experimental temperatures. Degree-days required for completion of cumulative development of D. aligarhensis were significantly different being 21% lower under fluctuating temperature regimens when compared with constant temperatures. The lower temperature threshold estimates above which development occurred were estimated to be lower under constant than fluctuating temperatures. The estimated values of upper and optimum temperature limits were similar for individuals reared under constant and fluctuating temperatures. Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis lived longer at constant intermediate temperatures and for shorter times at constant lower temperature extremes when compared with their fluctuating temperature counterparts. Daily thermal fluctuations significantly influenced life history parameters of D. aligarhensis and should be considered when assessing likelihoods of establishment and impacts of this parasitoid on D. citri across diverse citrus-growing climates.
A phase 2 study of glembatumumab vedotin, an antibody‐drug conjugate targeting glycoprotein NMB, in patients with advanced melanoma

Glembatumumab vedotin is an antibody‐drug conjugate that produced preliminary clinical activity against advanced melanoma in a phase 1 dose‐escalation trial. The objective of the current study was to investigate further the antitumor activity of glembatumumab vedotin at the recommended phase 2 dose in heavily pretreated patients with melanoma.
Noncritical State Transitions During Conditionally Automated Driving on German Freeways: Effects of Non–Driving Related Tasks on Takeover Time and Takeover Quality

Objective: This study aimed at investigating the driver’s takeover performance when switching from working on different non–driving related tasks (NDRTs) while driving with a conditionally automated driving function (SAE L3), which was simulated by a Wizard of Oz vehicle, to manual vehicle control under naturalistic driving conditions. Background: Conditionally automated driving systems, which are currently close to market introduction, require the user to stay fallback ready. As users will be allowed to engage in more complex NDRTs during the automated drive than when driving manually, the time needed to regain full manual control could likely be increased. Method: Thirty-four users engaged in different everyday NDRTs while driving automatically with a Wizard of Oz vehicle. After approximately either 5 min or 15 min of automated driving, users were requested to take back vehicle control in noncritical situations. The test drive took place in everyday traffic on German freeways in the metropolitan area of Stuttgart. Results: Particularly tasks that required users to turn away from the central road scene or hold an object in their hands led to increased takeover times. Accordingly, increased variance in the driver’s lane position was found shortly after the switch to manual control. However, the drivers rated the takeover situations to be mostly “harmless. ” Conclusion: Drivers managed to regain control over the vehicle safely, but they needed more time to prepare for the manual takeover when the NDRTs caused motoric workload. Application: The timings found in the study can be used to design comfortable and safe takeover concepts for automated vehicles.
Mentalizing Based on External Features in Borderline Personality Disorder Compared With Healthy Controls: The Role of Attachment Dimensions and Childhood Trauma.

Extant research suggests that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with impairments in mentalizing, that is, comprehending behavior in terms of underlying mental states. However, the precise nature of these impairments remains unclear. The literature is mixed concerning mentalizing based on external features of others, and specifically facial emotion recognition (FER) in BPD patients. This study investigated FER differences in 79 BPD patients and 79 matched healthy controls using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). The authors also investigated attachment dimensions and childhood trauma in relation to mentalizing based on external features. Results showed that BPD patients performed worse on positive and negative emotions. Furthermore, avoidant attachment was negatively related to FER for neutral emotions, particularly in the control group. Trauma was negatively related to FER at trend level, particularly in BPD patients. The implications for this understanding of mentalizing based on external features in BPD are discussed.
The impact of surgical margin status on the outcomes of locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated by primary surgery

Abstract Background: The extent of surgical safety margin remained unclear in hypopharyngeal carcinoma surgery. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of surgical margin status on the outcomes of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data was performed in 205 patients with stage III/IV hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated by primary surgery between January 2005 and December 2014. There were 129 patients with clear surgical margins (≥5 mm) and 76 with close surgical margins (<5 mm). The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: Close surgical margin (cSM) was found to be a significant risk factor for local recurrence, overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Analysis by stratification according to pT classification showed that the OS and DSS rates of T1/T2 tumors with clear surgical margins (nSM) were significantly higher than those with cSM (p < .05), while there was no significant difference in the OS and DSS rates between T3/T4 tumors with cSM and nSM (p > .05). Conclusions and significance: The tailored extent of surgical resection margin was recommended for locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinomas according to primary tumor stage.
The Agroecological Farmer’s Pathways from Agriculture to Nutrition: A Practice-Based Case from Ecuador’s Highlands

ABSTRACT Agroecology is increasingly recognized as a sustainable production strategy that is appropriate for the rural poor. Meanwhile, agricultural initiatives have received much attention for their role in improving farmer nutrition, and three key pathways between agriculture and nutrition include consumption of own production, income and women’s empowerment. In this study based in Ecuador’s Imbabura province, we used qualitative methods to explore the practices of agroecological farmers with respect to these three key pathways. Results demonstrate the heterogeneity of lived experiences through which agroecology increases agricultural diversity and builds social and human capital to improve nutrition. We further identify barter as an under-explored means to nutrition outcomes, and we discuss the role of the complex rationales that mediate farmers’ performance on agriculture-for-nutrition pathways. Finally, our results illustrate agroecology’s potential to spread nutrition-promoting practices through endogenous farmers’ networks.
The Role of Parents’ Ethnic-Racial Socialization Practices in the Discrimination–Depression Link among Mexican-Origin Adolescents

The present study investigated the moderating role of parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices (T1) in the link between adolescents’ discrimination experiences (T1–T3) and adolescent anxiety and depression, respectively (T1–T3). Using a 3-wave longitudinal design with multiple informants (adolescent, mother, father) reporting on parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices, the data analytic sample comprised a total of 251 (T1) Mexican-origin families from the midwestern United States. Mother and father reports of their own ethnic-racial socialization practices (i.e., cultural socialization, preparation for bias, promotion of mistrust) were entered simultaneously into multilevel moderation models. Results from these multilevel moderation analyses indicated that fathers’ promotion of mistrust was a significant moderator in the adolescent discrimination–depression link over time. Specifically, fathers’ promotion of mistrust exacerbated the youth discrimination–depression association. Moreover, the difference between the moderating effects of fathers’ versus mothers’ promotion of mistrust on the youth discrimination–depression association was significant. Cultural socialization and preparation for bias did not significantly moderate the adolescent association between discrimination and mental health, regardless of parent gender (fathers or mothers) or mental health outcome (anxiety or depression). The results are discussed in light of a socioecological framework, with special emphasis on the importance of including (and differentiating between) both fathers and mothers in the investigation of ethnic-racial socialization and implications for future theory building, research, and clinical practice.
Quasiparticle-diffusion-based heating in superconductor tunneling microcoolers

In a hybrid Superconductor - Insulator - Normal metal tunnel junction biased just below the gap, the extraction of hot electrons out of the normal metal results in electronic cooling effect. The quasiparticles injected in the superconductor accumulate near the tunnel interface, thus increasing the effective superconductor temperature. We propose a simple model for the diffusion of excess quasiparticles in a superconducting strip with an additional trap junction. This diffusion model has a complete analytic solution, which depends on experimentally accessible parameters. We find that the accumulated quasiparticles near the junction reduce the efficiency of the device. This study is also relevant to more general situations making use of superconducting tunnel junctions, as low temperature detectors.
Implications of Social and Material Deprivation for Changes in Health of Older People

Objective: We use the panel structure of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data for 14 countries to examine the implications of material and social deprivation for health deterioration in old age and mortality. Method: To minimize the potential endogeneity bias, we examine the relationship between deprivation and changes in health rather than levels of health. We include a substantial set of fixed “initial conditions,” and extend the controls with health measures, as observed at the initial period. Results: The results of the probit regression suggest a strong and statistically significant relationship between measures of material and social deprivation and changes in physical and mental health. Mortality is only affected by the social dimension of deprivation. Discussion: Treating material and social deprivation separately rather than as a single social exclusion indicator allows for more specific identification of the role of the two dimensions, which might be important for policy decisions.
Stimulation of the Tractography-Defined Subthalamic Nucleus Regions Correlates With Clinical Outcomes.

BACKGROUND Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established surgical treatment for patients with Parkinson disease (PD), there is still controversy about the relationship between the functional segregation of the STN and clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE To correlate motor and neuropsychological (NPS) outcomes with the overlap between the volume of activated tissue (VAT) and the tractography-defined regions within the STN. METHODS Retrospective study evaluating 13 patients with PD treated with STN-DBS. With the aid of tractography, the STN was segmented into 4 regions: smaSTN (supplementary motor area STN), m1STN (primary motor area STN), mSTN (the sum of the m1STN and the smaSTN segments), and nmSTN (non-motor STN). We computed the overlap coefficients between these STN regions and the patient-specific VAT. The VAT outside of the STN was also calculated. These coefficients were then correlated with motor (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, UPDRS III) and NPS outcomes. RESULTS Stimulation of the mSTN segment was significantly correlated with UPDRS III and bradykinesia improvement. Stimulation of the smaSTN segment, but not the m1STN one, had a positive correlation with bradykinesia improvement. Stimulation of the nmSTN segment was negatively correlated with the improvement in rigidity. Stimulation outside of the STN was correlated with some beneficial NPS effects. CONCLUSION Stimulation of the tractography-defined motor STN, mainly the smaSTN segment, is positively correlated with motor outcomes, whereas stimulation of the nmSTN is correlated with poor motor outcomes. Further validation of these results might help individualize and optimize targets prior to STN-DBS.