Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Ectasia and aneurysm of the right coronary artery resulting from a shunt to the coronary sinus.

A 65-year-old woman presented with a systolic-diastolic murmur. Further MRI investigations as well as angiography revealed an arteriovenous shunt to the coronary sinus via an enlarged right coronary artery (Figure 1A⇓ and 1B⇓). The distal part of this coronary artery was transformed to a large coronary aneurysm of such extent that the left atrium was compressed …
Increased Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Influenza Viruses, Parainfluenza Viruses, and Adenoviruses with Real-Time PCR in Samples from Patients with Respiratory Symptoms

ABSTRACT Respiratory samples (n = 267) from hospitalized patients with respiratory symptoms were tested by real-time PCR, viral culture, and direct immunofluorescence for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza viruses, and adenoviruses. Compared with conventional diagnostic tests, real-time PCR increased the diagnostic yields for these viruses from 24% to 43% and from 3.5% to 36% for children and adults, respectively.
A 128-Stage CMOS TDI Image Sensor With On-Chip Digital Accumulator

A 128-stage CMOS time delay integration (TDI) image sensor with on-chip digital accumulator was presented in this paper. By using two sets of sampling capacitors and an optimized timing, the on-chip column parallel cyclic analog-todigital converter (ADC) in the sensor conducts the correlated double sampling, digital program gain amplifying, and A/D conversion all altogether in one ADC's conversion time simultaneously. An on-chip digital accumulator suitable for this sensor is also proposed. A prototype 1024 × 128 CMOS TDI image sensor is fabricated in the 0.18-μm CMOS technology, and the measurement results proof that the pixels and readout circuits in the sensor work properly. With a line rate of 3875 lines/s, the sensor costs a power consumption of 290 mW and a silicon area of 18.2 mm × 18.9 mm. The estimated maximum sensitivity of the fabricated sensor is 2010 V/lux· sec. This paper is suitable for applications in low-illumination, high scanning speed, and remote sensing systems.
A Case Study on Performance of Isolated Bridges under Near-Fault Ground Motion

Abstract—This paper presents a numerical investigation on the seismic performance of a benchmark bridge with different optimal isolation systems under near fault ground motion. Usually, very large displacements make seismic isolation an unfeasible solution due to boundary conditions, especially in case of existing bridges or high risk seismic regions. Hence, near-fault ground motions are most likely to affect either structures with long natural period range like isolated structures or structures sensitive to velocity content such as viscously damped structures. The work is aimed at analyzing the seismic performance of a three-span continuous bridge designed with different isolation systems having different levels of damping. The case study was analyzed in different configurations including: (a) simply supported, (b) isolated with lead rubber bearings (LRBs), (c) isolated with rubber isolators and 10% classical damping (HDLRBs), and (d) isolated with rubber isolators and 70% supplemental damping ratio. Case (d) represents an alternative control strategy that combines the effect of seismic isolation with additional supplemental damping trying to take advantages from both solutions. The bridge is modeled in SAP2000 and solved by time history direct-integration analyses under a set of six recorded near-fault ground motions. In addition to this, a set of analysis under Italian code provided seismic action is also conducted, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested optimal control strategies under far field seismic action. Results of the analysis demonstrated that an isolated bridge equipped with HDLRBs and a total equivalent damping ratio of 70% represents a very effective design solution for both mitigation of displacement demand at the isolation level and base shear reduction in the piers also in case of near fault ground motion.
Molecular identification of picoplankton populations in contrasting waters of the Arabian Sea

The composition of picoplankton in the southern oligotrophic, northern mesotrophic waters and deep oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the Arabian Sea was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene cloning and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). It was hypothesised that the composition of the heterotrophic picoplankton would be different in these contrasting waters. To reduce the total diversity, cells were sorted by flow cytometry according to their scatter and DNA content before PCR amplification. The 16S rRNA clone libraries resulting from flow-sorted populations were different and often dominated by a small number of clades. Libraries from the Prochlorococcus-dominated southerly waters were dominated by sequences related to uncultured clusters of SAR11, SAR86 and Actinobacteria (HGC I). From surface waters of the Synechococcus-dominated northern part of the Arabian Sea, mostly sequences related to the uncultured gammaproteobacterial group ‘Svalbard’ and HGC I were retrieved. The clone libraries from the OMZ were also dominated by sequences falling in the clades SAR11 and SAR406, but included sequences related to those of sulfate-reducing (Desulfosarcina, Desulfofrigus) and sulfide-oxidising bacteria (endosymbionts of Riftia and Calyptogena). With a recently developed more sensitive FISH protocol approximately 60% of all DAPI stained cells could be identified by general probes as Bacteria, Cren- or Euryarchaeota in both provinces of the Arabian Sea; 40% remained undetected. On this level and on that of the major phylogenetic groups like Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria only minor differences were detected by FISH. However, the composition of heterotrophic picoplankton clearly differed for the proteobacterial subgroups SAR86, SAR11 and SAR116. These were more abundant in the oligotrophic waters throughout the water column than in the mesotrophic surface waters and the OMZ. This supports our original hypothesis that the contrasting waters in the Arabian Sea harbor different heterotrophic picoplankton communities. In the future, FISH with a larger set of probes for more narrow phylogenetic groups will enable us to quantify these differences in more detail.
40 Years Later: The Health Related Quality of Life of Women Affected by Thalidomide

Objectives: 40 years ago, the sudden increase of births of babies with a range of severe deformities shocked the world. It was caused by the tranquilizer thalidomide. Women who took the drug in the first trimester of pregnancy gave birth to children with a wide but distinctive range of malformations. Thalidomide claimed more than 10,000 victims worldwide. Those who survived are now reaching middle age. Especially women affected by thalidomide may be at special disadvantage because of combined discrimination based on gender and disability. So far, no study has been published that has investigated their quality of life in health and in health care. Methods: A questionnaire using the WHO QOL-BREF instrument for measuring health-related quality of life was distributed among 166 females impaired by thalidomide. A randomized control group matched by age, sex and area of residence filled out a corresponding questionnaire. Results: Women impaired by thalidomide reported significantly lower quality of life in health and health care as compared to their control group. Over a third reported steadily deteriorating conditions, and a statistically significant higher proportion as compared to the controls has already retired from the workforce. They were significantly less frequently married, had fewer children, had less household incomes and were less mobile. However, women impaired by thalidomide are more likely to be satisfied with their safety in daily life, with their physical environment, with their living conditions and with the support they get from their friends. Conclusions: Although there is increasing clinical research on how to use thalidomide as a drug in new therapies, the specific health needs of women impaired by thalidomide are at risk of being neglected.
Evaluation of context‐aware recommendation systems for information re‐finding

In this article we evaluate context‐aware recommendation systems for information re‐finding by knowledge workers. We identify 4 criteria that are relevant for evaluating the quality of knowledge worker support: context relevance, document relevance, prediction of user action, and diversity of the suggestions. We compare 3 different context‐aware recommendation methods for information re‐finding in a writing support task. The first method uses contextual prefiltering and content‐based recommendation (CBR), the second uses the just‐in‐time information retrieval paradigm (JITIR), and the third is a novel network‐based recommendation system where context is part of the recommendation model (CIA). We found that each method has its own strengths: CBR is strong at context relevance, JITIR captures document relevance well, and CIA achieves the best result at predicting user action. Weaknesses include that CBR depends on a manual source to determine the context and in JITIR the context query can fail when the textual content is not sufficient. We conclude that to truly support a knowledge worker, all 4 evaluation criteria are important. In light of that conclusion, we argue that the network‐based approach the CIA offers has the highest robustness and flexibility for context‐aware information recommendation.
'Environmental' sources of Mycobacterium leprae: issues and evidence.

Though Mycobacterium leprae is considered to be primarily a parasite of humans, there is a long history of studies, evidence and arguments which have indicated possible non-human sources of the agent. Thus different authors have suggested that M. leprae may be harboured in soil, – 3 in water, on plants, – 7 or in various animal species including amoeba, insects, fish, – 13 primates, and armadillos. The question of possible extra-human sources of M. leprae is an important one for leprosy epidemiology and control. If non-human sources exist, their recognition may help to explain patterns of infection and disease in human populations. Even more importantly, they would have implications for the control of the disease, and in particular for the possibility of its ‘elimination’ or even ultimate eradication. We consider here the nature and implications of the evidence for such extra-human sources. There have been two different sorts of observations motivating the search for extrahuman sources of M. leprae. One is the repeated observation of clinical leprosy in individuals with no apparent history of exposure to other known cases. – 20 The second is the observation that clinical leprosy clusters in particular areas, such as near water sources, which has led some authors to suggest that M. leprae may have an extra-human source in such environments. Neither of these lines of argument provides a strong case for extrahuman sources of M. leprae. The long incubation period of the disease, the inability to recall contacts and encounters years after the event, the fact that stigma leads to hiding of cases in many societies, and the well-recognised fact that multibacillary cases can go undetected for long periods mean that there are substantial opportunities for unrecognised, unremembered or unacknowledged source contacts. The apparent clustering of leprosy in particular environments may simply reflect that certain environments are associated with certain social groups, health conditions or behaviours which predispose to M. leprae transmission or the manifestation of leprosy disease. Or they may reflect environmental
Evaluation of the sinc parametric linear combination pulse in digital communication systems

Digital baseband communication systems are characterized by having a filter at the transmitter and receiver side to band limit the transmitted signals and diminish the effects to intersymbol interference (ISI). The impulse response of the sinc parametric linear combination pulse (SPLCP) is derived in the time domain, whereas its frequency response is also evaluated. The SPCLP is evaluated at the transmitter and receiver side by using different evaluation tools. Eye diagrams are presented to visually evaluate the susceptibility of the transmission system to ISI, and the maximum distortion is estimated as a quantitative measure of performance. The SPLCP outperforms other existing pulses in terms of bit error rate (BER), for various roll-off factors and symbol timing errors.
Effect of microthreads on coronal bone healing of narrow-diameter implants with reverse-tapered design in beagle dogs.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microthreads on the coronal bone healing of narrow-diameter implants with reverse-tapered design. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 52 implants were classified into two groups according to presence or absence of coronal microthreads, the reverse-tapered narrow-diameter implant (RTN) group, and the reverse-tapered narrow-diameter implant with microthreads (RTNM) group. The implants were installed in split-mouth design in the edentulous mandible of six dogs. Three animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and three at 8 weeks. Resonance frequency analysis, bone measurement using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), removal torque test, and histometric analysis were performed. RESULTS No significant differences in implant stability quotient value were observed between the groups at baseline, 4 weeks, or 8 weeks. Bone measurement using micro-CT showed that bone-implant contact volume (BICV) and bone-implant contact volume ratio (BICVR) in the coronal part of RTNM were statistically higher than those in RTN at 4 and 8 weeks. Histometric analysis showed statistically higher bone-implant contact length (BICL) in the coronal part of RTNM than in RTN at 4 weeks; however, bone-implant contact ratio (BICR) was not significantly different between the groups. At 8 weeks, the BICL and BICR did not differ significantly between the groups. Removal torque test showed no significant differences between the groups at 4 and 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The microthreads might facilitate more coronal bone-implant contact due to increased surface areas at an early healing phase; however, they did not significantly affect coronal bone healing at 8 weeks.
Dipyrone metabolite 4‐MAA induces hypothermia and inhibits PGE2‐dependent and ‐independent fever while 4‐AA only blocks PGE2‐dependent fever

The antipyretic and hypothermic prodrug dipyrone prevents PGE2‐dependent and ‐independent fever induced by LPS from Escherichia coli and Tityus serrulatus venom (Tsv) respectively. We aimed to identify the dipyrone metabolites responsible for the antipyretic and hypothermic effects.
An Exploratory Study of Exception Handling Behavior in Evolving Android and Java Applications

Previous work has shown that robustness-related issues like functional errors and app crashes rank among the most common causes for complaints about mobile phone apps. Since most Android applications are written in Java, exception handling is the main mechanism they employ to report and handle errors, similarly to standard Java applications. Thus, the proper use of this mechanism is closely linked to app robustness. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study analyzed the relationship between source code changes and uncaught exceptions, a common cause of bugs in Android apps, nor whether exception handling code in these apps evolves in the same way as in standard Java applications. This paper presents an empirical study aimed at understanding the relationship between changes in Android programs and their robustness and comparing the evolution of the exception handling code in Android and standard Java applications.
Intensity modulated proton therapy: a clinical example.

In this paper, we report on the clinical application of fully automated three-dimensional intensity modulated proton therapy, as applied to a 34-year-old patient presenting with a thoracic chordoma. Due to the anatomically challenging position of the lesion, a three-field technique was adopted in which fields incident through the lungs and heart, as well as beams directed directly at the spinal cord, could be avoided. A homogeneous target dose and sparing of the spinal cord was achieved through field patching and computer optimization of the 3D fluence of each field. Sensitivity of the resultant plan to delivery and calculational errors was determined through both the assessment of the potential effects of range and patient setup errors, and by the application of Monte Carlo dose calculation methods. Ionization chamber profile measurements and 2D dosimetry using a scintillator/CCD camera arrangement were performed to verify the calculated fields in water. Modeling of a 10% overshoot of proton range showed that the maximum dose to the spinal cord remained unchanged, but setup error analysis showed that dose homogeneity in the target volume could be sensitive to offsets in the AP direction. No significant difference between the MC and analytic dose calculations was found and the measured dosimetry for all fields was accurate to 3% for all measured points. Over the course of the treatment, a setup accuracy of +/-4 mm (2 s.d.) could be achieved, with a mean offset in the AP direction of 0.1 mm. Inhalation/exhalation CT scans indicated that organ motion in the region of the target volume was negligible. We conclude that 3D IMPT plans can be applied clinically and safely without modification to our existing delivery system. However, analysis of the calculated intensity matrices should be performed to assess the practicality, or otherwise, of the plan.
1 TH / P 6-20 Linear Properties and Nonlinear Frequency Chirping of Energetic Particle Driven Geodesic Acoustic Mode in LHD

Linear Properties and nonlinear frequency chirping of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) is investigated using a hybrid simulation code for energetic particles interacting with a magnetohydrodynamic fluid. It is found that the EGAM is a global mode with the spatially uniform oscillation frequency. The poloidal mode numbers of poloidal velocity fluctuation, plasma density fluctuation, and magnetic fluctuation are m = 0, 1 and 2, respectively. It is demonstrated in the simulation result that both frequency chirping up and chirping down take place in the nonlinear evolution of EGAM. It is also found that two hole-clump pairs are formed in the energetic particle distribution function in 2-dimensional velocity space of pitch angle variable and energy. One pair is formed in the phase space region that destabilizes the instability, while the other in the stabilizing region. The transit frequency of the hole (clump) in the destabilizing region chirps up (down), while in the stabilizing region the hole (clump) chirps down (up). The transit frequencies of the holes and clumps are in good agreement with the chirping EGAM frequency indicating that the particles comprising the hole and clump are kept resonant with the EGAM during the nonlinear frequency chirping. Continuous energy transfer takes place from the destabilizing phase space region to the stabilizing region during the spontaneous frequency chirping of the wave.
Risk factors for chronic kidney disease in a large cohort of HIV-1 infected individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy in routine care

Objective:To examine long-term effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on kidney function, we evaluated the incidence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) among ART-naive, HIV-infected adults and compared changes in estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) before and after starting ART. Methods:Multicenter observational cohort study of patients with at least one serum creatinine measurement before and after initiating ART. Cox proportional hazard models, and marginal structure models examined CKD risk factors; mixed-effects linear models examined eGFR slopes. Results:Three thousand, three hundred and twenty-nine patients met entry criteria, contributing 10 099 person-years of observation on ART. ART was associated with a significantly slower rate of eGFR decline (from −2.18 to −1.37 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year; P = 0.02). The incidence of CKD defined by eGFR thresholds of 60, 45 and 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was 10.5, 3.4 and 1.6 per 1000 person-years, respectively. In adjusted analyses black race, hepatitis C coinfection, lower time-varying CD4 cell count and higher time-varying viral load on ART were associated with higher CKD risk, and the magnitude of these risks increased with more severe CKD. Tenofovir and a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (rPI) was also associated with higher CKD risk [hazard odds ratio for an eGFR threshold <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2: 3.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40–8.02)], which developed in 5.7% of patients after 4 years of exposure to this regimen-type. Conclusion:ART was associated with reduced CKD risk in association with CD4 cell restoration and plasma viral load suppression, despite an increased CKD risk that was associated with initial regimens that included tenofovir and rPI.
The Star Formation History of the Universe as Revealed by Deep Radio Observations

Discerning the exact nature of the sub-mJy radio population has been historically difficult due to the low luminosity of these sources at most wavelengths. Using deep ground based optical follow-up and observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope we are able to disentangle the radio-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star-forming galaxy (SFG) populations for the first time in a deep multifrequency VLA/MERLIN Survey of the 13^H XMM Newton/Chandra Deep Field. The discrimination diagnostics include radio morphology, radio spectral index, radio/near-infrared (near-IR) and mid-IR/radio flux density ratios. We are nowable to calculate the extragalactic Euclidean normalized source counts separately for AGN and SFGs. We find that while SFGs dominate at the faintest flux densities and account for the majority of the upturn in the counts, AGN still make up around one quarter of the counts at ∼50 μJy (1.4 GHz). Using radio luminosity as an unobscured star formation rate (SFR) measure we are then able to examine the comoving SFR density of the Universe up to z = 3 which agrees well with measures at other wavelengths. We find a rough correlation of SFR with stellar mass for both the sample presented here and a sample of local radio-selected SFGs from the 6df-NVSS survey. This work also confirms the existence of, and provides alternative evidence for, the evolution of distribution of star formation by galaxy mass: ‘downsizing’. As both these samples are SFR-selected, this result suggests that there is a maximum SFR for a given galaxy that depends linearly on its stellar mass. The low ‘characteristic times’ (inverse specific SFR) of the SFGs in our sample are similar to those of the 6dF-NVSS sample, implying that most of these sources are in a current phase of enhanced star formation.