Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resolution requirements for smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of self-gravitating accretion discs

Stimulated by recent results by Meru & Bate, we revisit the issue of resolution requirements for simulating self-gravitating accretion discs with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). We show that all the results by Meru & Bate are actually consistent if they are interpreted as driven by resolution effects, therefore implying that the resolution criterion for cooling gaseous discs is a function of the imposed cooling rate. We discuss two possible numerical origins of such dependence, which are both consistent with the limited number of available data. Our results tentatively indicate that convergence for current simulations is being reached for a number of SPH particles approaching 10 million (for a disc mass of the order of 10 per cent of the central object mass), which would set the critical cooling time for fragmentation at about 15Ω ―1 , roughly a factor of 2 larger than previously thought. More in general, we discuss the extent to which the large number of recent numerical results are reliable or not. We argue that those results that pertain to the dynamics associated with gravitational instabilities (such as the locality of angular momentum transport, and the relationship between density perturbation and induced stress) are robust, while those pertaining to the thermodynamics of the system (such as the determination of the critical cooling time for fragmentation) can be affected by poor resolution.
A Study on Hand Hygiene Practices among Medical Interns in a Tertiary Care Hospital

: Introduction: Health-care associated infections are on a rise and the organisms causing these infections are most commonly transmitted through the hands of the health care workers. Objectives: To assess the hand hygiene practices among interns in a medical college hospital. Methodology: A study was planned to assess the self-reported practices of interns. 110 medical interns volunteered to participate in the study. Results: Hand hygiene on all the five moments as recommended by WHO was practiced by 54(49.1%) of the interns. Hand Hygiene before patient care was observed by 81(73.6%) interns, before clean aseptic procedures was performed by 94(85.5%) interns, on exposure to body fluids was performed by 97(88.2%) interns always. Hand hygiene between patient care was performed by 83(75.5%) interns and after patient care was 100%. Conclusion: Overall Hand Hygiene practices among the medical interns were satisfactory.
DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES, WHAT ARE THEY?

Seeks to present a better understanding of dynamic capabilities and the resource-based view of the firm. Dynamic capabilities are considered to be the "organizational and strategic routines by which firms achieve new resource configurations. " Dynamic capabilities are identifiable and specific routines that can serve different purposes, including integrating resources, reconfiguring resources within firms, and guiding the gain and release of resources. Various examples such as the product development process and alliancing, are discussed. Commonalities related to effective dynamic capabilities can be seen across firms though this does not mean that these capabilities are exactly alike. The dynamism of the market can impact the sustainability of the dynamic capabilities and the causal ambiguity of these capabilities. Moderately dynamic markets see robust, grooved routine, while high velocity markets experience simple rules and real-knowledge creation. The evolution of these dynamic capabilities within a firm are unique but the firm's individual path is shaped by well-known learning mechanisms. Competitive advantage does not lie in the dynamic capabilities themselves but rather in the resource configurations that managers build using these dynamic capabilities. (SRD)
Tidal exposure or microhabitats: what determines sandy-beach nematode zonation? a case study of a macrotidal ridge-and-runnel sandy beach in Belgium

Lately, across-shore zonation has been found to be more important in structuring the nematode community of a tropical macrotidal sandy beach than microhabitat heterogeneity. To evaluate whether this zonation pattern applies to a temperate beach, a macrotidal ridge-and-runnels sandy beach in the North Sea was studied. We investigated whether a similar zonation occurs in sandbar and runnel microhabitats, and whether the runnels harbour a different community from the subtidal. Our results indicate that nematode communities from runnel and sandbar habitats are significantly different. In addition, horizontal zonation patterns for nematode communities differ between both habitats. Nematode assemblages from sandbars are divided to lower, middle and upper beach while upper and middle runnels cluster together. The subtidal and upper runnels showed dissimilar nematode assemblages, although runnels showed the same dominant species (Daptonema normandicum), which increases its abundance towards the upper runnels. This study illustrates the importance of microhabitat heterogeneity, which resulted in different zonation patterns across the sandy beach examined. The divergent zonation between sandbars and runnels in the macrotidal temperate sandy beach, compared with the pattern observed for a subtropical sandy beach with similar morphodynamics, indicates that generalizations about nematode distribution patterns should be made with caution.
Androdioecy and hermaphroditism in five species of clam shrimps (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) from India and Thailand

Crustaceans in the order Spinicaudata display a broad range of reproductive strategies, ranging from pure hermaphroditism to pure dioecy (separate males and females), and intermediate combinations. One particularly interesting genus of these “clam shrimps” is Eulimnadia. Based on offspring sex ratios, it has been suggested that all members of the genus are androdioecious: populations consist of mixtures of males and hermaphrodites. However, only two of the ~40 species in this genus have been examined histologically to confirm the presence of ovotestes in the purported hermaphrodites of this group. Here, we report both sex ratio and histological evidence showing that populations of five additional Eulimnadia species from India and Thailand are indeed mixes of males and hermaphrodites (four species) or hermaphrodite only (one species). Sex ratios of adults and offspring from isolated hermaphrodites are in accordance with those previously reported for 15 Eulimnadia species, and histological assays of four of the five species show the presence of both testicular and ovarian tissue in these hermaphrodites. As has been previously reported, the testicular tissue in members of these Eulimnadia spp. is located in a small section at the distal end of the gonad. In addition, the sperm produced in these hermaphrodites forms distinct plaques of compacted chromatin. Overall, these data are consistent with a single origin of hermaphroditism in Eulimnadia, and support the notion that all members of the genus are either androdioecious or all-hermaphroditic.
The Impact of Exogenous Asymmetry on Trade and Agglomeration in Core-Periphery Model

The paper studies the Krugman's CP model in the weakly explored case of asymmetric regions in two settings: international trade and agglomeration processes. First setting implies that the industrial labor is immobile, while second one consider mobile industrial labor and long-run equilibria. Analytical study of both settings requires application of advanced mathematical analysis, e.g. implicit function theory. For international trade we find how equilibrium prices, production, consumption, wages and welfare for all population groups respond to shifts in all exogenous parameters: characteristics of utility function, transportation costs and degree of asymmetry in initial labor endowment. As for agglomeration process, it was found that the asymmetry in the population distribution simplifies pattern of agglomeration, making the direction of migration more definite, so the well-known ambiguity of final destination may disappear under sufficiently large extent of asymmetry. From political point of view, it means that under some conditions, openness of international trade may be harmful to immobile population of the smaller country.
Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Early Glottic Carcinoma

The application of laser technology to otolaryngology – head and neck surgery has accelerated the development of transoral laser microsurgery, which has a wide range of application in this surgical specialty today. The aim of this paper is to provide a general overview of the surgical techniques of transoral laser microsurgery, particularly in the treatment of early glottic carcinoma.
Is Personal Initiative Training a Substitute or Complement to the Existing Human Capital of Women? Results from a Randomized Trial in Togo

Personal initiative training—a psychology-based mindset training program—delivers lasting improvements for female business owners in Togo. Which types of women benefit most? Theories of dynamic complementarity would suggest training should work better for those with higher pre-existing human capital, but there are also reasons why existing human capital might inhibit training participation or substitute for its effects. We examine the heterogeneity in treatment impact according to different types of human capital. We find little evidence of either complementarities or substitutability, suggesting this new business training approach can work for a wide range of human capital levels.
The Effect of Empowerment of Employees at theFaculty of Education UIN Alauddin Makassar

This study aims to determine the effect of empowerment on employee performance of Faculty of Education UIN Alauddin Makassar. This type of research is quantitative. A total of 67 employees participated in the study. The data were collected using Empowerment scale and Employees Performance Scale, followed by interviews. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. This research examined by simple linear regression. The result of inferential statistical analysis by simple linear regression showed that: there is a positive and significant impact empowerment to employee empowerment. The confidence of determination implies that empowerment describes 26% of the variability of employee performance variable.
Throughput / Complexity Tradeoffs for Routing Traffic in the Presence of Dynamic Weather

We present efficient algorithms for finding trajectories for routing multiple aircraft avoiding a set of static or dynamic obstacles (e.g., hazardous weather cells). We present results of an implementation of our algorithms, comparing the throughput and traffic complexity across three routing paradigms: Static airlanes: A set of lanes for air traffic is established. The aircraft move in trail along each lane, altogether forming a highly coherent traffic pattern. The drawback is that the lanes, being static, do not stay clear of hazardous weather as the weather cells move and block the airlane. FreeFlight: Each aircraft determines its own trajectory in space-time, avoiding moving weather cells and other aircraft. This strategy can result in highly complex traffic patterns that are not amenable to human controller oversight. Flexible Flow Corridors: This model combines the advantages of the static airlanes and the FreeFlight solution. The aircraft are routed along a set of lanes that slowly change as the weather cells move. This results in a correlated traffic flow amidst moving weather. Our routing algorithms are guided by a hexagonal packing of disks in free space, and a uniform discretization of time. The discretization allows us to take into account additional requirements relevant for Air Traffic Management (ATM).
Does usability matter? An analysis of the impact of usability on technology acceptance in ERP settings

Though the field of management information systems, as a sector and a discipline, is the inventor of many guidelines and models, it appears to be a slow runner on practical implications of interface usability. This usability can influence end users' attitude and behavior to use IT. The purpose of this paper was to examine the interface usability of a popular Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software system, SAP, and to identify related issues and implications to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A survey was conducted of 112 SAP ERP users from an organization in the heavy metal industry in Bangladesh. The partial least squares technique was used to analyze the survey data. The survey findings empirically confirmed that interface usability has a significant impact on users' perceptions of usefulness and ease of use which ultimately affects attitudes and intention to use the ERP software. The research model extends the TAM by incorporating three criteria of interface usability. It is the first known study to investigate usability criteria as an extension of TAM.
International Financial Reporting Standards and Earnings Management in Latin America

This study analyzes the level of earnings management in Latin America after the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and analyzes the role of cross-listing in the United States. The literature on earnings management in less developed countries is still under construction, and few studies focus on this issue, especially with respect to Latin America, despite its relevant role in the global economy. This paper fills this gap in the literature as it analyzes the level of IFRS earnings management regarding the first and main Latin American countries applying IFRS (Brazil and Chile), when compared to the main Anglo-Saxon countries with IFRS tradition (United Kingdom and Australia), and with the main Continental European economies (France and Germany). The results show that Latin American firms present a higher level of earnings management than Continental European and Anglo-Saxon firms, and this opportunistic behavior remains significant when only global players with cross-listing in the United States are analyzed. Thus, even with a unique set of high quality accounting standards (IFRS) and strong reporting incentives, countries' specific characteristics still play an important role in the way IFRS is implemented in each country.
A Corpus for Analyzing Linguistic and Paralinguistic Features in Multi-Speaker Spontaneous Conversations – EVA Corpus

This study is a part of an ongoing effort in order to empirically investigate in detail relations between verbal and co-verbal behavior expressed during multi-speaker highly spontaneous and affective faceto- face conversations. The main motivation for this study is to be able to create natural co-verbal resources for automatic synthesis of highly natural co-verbal behavior on general un-annotated text and expressed through embodied conversational agents. The presented study utilizes a highly multimodal approach that investigate several linguistic levels, such as: paragraphs, sentences, sentence types, words, POS tags, and prosodic features such as phrase breaks, prominence, durations, and F0, as well as functional and formal annotation of co-verbal behavior, such as: collocutor’s role (speaker, listener), semiotic classification of behavior, emotions, facial expressions, head movement, gaze, and hand gestures. The EVA corpus in this way represents a valuable resource for the algorithm for synthesizing co-verbal behavior primarily focused on gestures and semiotic intent. The EVA corpus in the presented form represent a rich empirical resource for performing several studies of complex conversational phenomena that are present in highly spontaneous face-to-face conversations, especially those related to multimodal expression of information, emotions, and communicative and noncommunicative role of co-verbal expressions. In the paper also, the proposed annotation scheme and annotation procedure are presented. Preliminary studies of phenomena regarding emotions within conversations on the EVA corpus have been conducted and presented in the paper.
Purification and separation of loose materials in a pneumatic system with vertical air stream

The paper presents an infl uence of air stream fl ow rates in a modifi ed separator with vertical air stream on purifi cation and separation of selected grain mixture. An analysis of the obtained data on vertical air stream fl ow intensity revealed great variability of grain separation and purifi cation effi ciency. It was found that both air stream intensity and the way and rate of mixture supply into the working area of the separator had the largest infl uence on the course and effi ciency of particular mixture components separation (particularly of light substances). It was observed that precise regulation of air stream fl ow and its wide variability range allowed for an achievement of very good results of purifi cation and separation of the studied grain mixture. The obtained effects resulted in a positive evaluation of the proposed construction of laboratory separator with vertical air stream for effi cient separation of particular components of grain mixture.
A unified fluctuation formula for one-cut β-ensembles of random matrices

Using a Coulomb gas approach, we compute the generating function of the covariances of power traces for one-cut β-ensembles of random matrices in the limit of large matrix size. This formula depends only on the support of the spectral density, and is therefore universal for a large class of models. This allows us to derive a closed-form expression for the limiting covariances of an arbitrary one-cut β-ensemble. As particular cases of the main result we consider the classical β-Gaussian, β-Wishart and β-Jacobi ensembles, for which we derive previously available results as well as new ones within a unified simple framework. We also discuss the connections between the problem of trace fluctuations for the Gaussian unitary ensemble and the enumeration of planar maps.
Generation of Large Pore Channels for Bone Tissue Engineering Using Camphene-Based Freeze Casting

The present study reports an innovative way to produce large pore channels with a size >100 μm for applications in bone tissue engineering using the camphene-based freeze casting method, and using an unusually high freezing temperature, which is close to the solidification temperature of the slurry, in order to allow the formation of excessively overgrown camphene dendrites due to the extremely low solidification velocity. To accomplish this, hydroxyapatite (HA)/slurries with various solid loadings (10, 15, and 20 vol%) were frozen at 35°C for 20 h. The frozen samples were freeze dried and sintered at 1250°C for 3 h. All of the fabricated samples showed highly porous structures with large pore channels >100 μm in size and dense HA walls without any noticeable defects, such as cracks or pores. As the initial solid loading was increased from 10 to 20 vol%, the porosity of the sample decreased linearly from 76% to 55%, while the pore channels became narrower. However, the compressive strength was remarkably improved from 2.5 to 16.7 MPa.
Luminescence Dating: Applications in Earth Sciences and Archaeology

Over the last 60 years, luminescence dating has developed into a robust chronometer for applications in earth sciences and archaeology. The technique is particularly useful for dating materials ranging in age from a few decades to around 100,000–150,000 years. In this chapter, following a brief outline of the historical development of the dating method, basic principles behind the technique are discussed. This is followed by a look at measurement equipment that is employed in determining age and its operation. Luminescence properties of minerals used in dating are then examined after which procedures used in age calculation are looked at. Sample collection methods are also reviewed, as well as types of materials that can be dated. Continuing refinements in both methodology and equipment promise to yield luminescence chronologies with improved accuracy and extended dating range in the future and these are briefly discussed.
A new mechanism for ocean–atmosphere coupling in midlatitudes

The role of moist convection in ‘transferring’ upward surface ocean conditions throughout the troposphere is studied using reanalysis data for the extratropical Northern and Southern Hemispheres in winter. It is found that conditions for the development of a convective air column from the sea surface to the tropopause are met frequently over all major western boundary currents and their extension in the oceanic interior (sometimes for as much as 50% of the time). These frequent occurrences are shown to be jointly controlled by oceanic advection of warm waters and, on the atmospheric side, the downward displacement of the tropopause associated with synoptic weather systems.
Property rights for social inclusion: Migrant strategies for securing land and livelihoods in Papua New Guinea

This paper examines the broad range of informal land transactions and arrangements migrants are entering into with customary landowners to gain access to customary land for export cash cropping in the oil palm belt of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Whilst these arrangements can provide migrants with relatively secure access to land, there are instances of migrants losing their land rights. Typically, the land tenure arrangements of migrants with more secure access to land are within a framework of property rights for social inclusion whereby customary landowners’ inalienable rights to land are preserved and the ‘outsider’ becomes an ‘insider’ with ongoing use rights to the land. Through socially embedding land transactions in place-based practices of non-market exchange, identities of difference are eroded as migrants assume identities as part of their host groups. This adaptability of customary land tenure and its capacity to accommodate large migration in-flows and expanding commodity production undermines the argument common amongst proponents of land reform that customary tenure is static and inflexible. Before such claims are heeded, there must be more detailed empirical investigations of the diverse range of land tenure regimes operating in areas of the country experiencing high rates of immigration.
Biochemical phenotypes of Candida albicans isolated from the upper respiratory tract of patients with chronic hepatitis C

The aim of this paper was to analyse the biochemical phenotypes of Candida albicans colonising the upper respiratory tract in 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C from group I (without antiviral therapy) and from group II (treated with peginterferon and ribavirin). The ability of the assimilation of carbon from various substrates (assimilation phenotypes) or activity of hydrolytic enzymes (biotypes) of 61 C. albicans isolates were estimated using API 20 C AUX and API ZYM microtests, respectively. Among 30 isolates of C. albicans from the group I, seven assimilation phenotypes and six biotypes were determined, while among 31 isolates from the group II – eleven assimilation phenotypes and five biotypes. The most frequently isolated assimilation phenotype in both groups of patients with API numerical profile of 2576174 comprised about 50%-70% of all phenotypes. The predominant biotype E belonging to the classification of Williamson comprised about 39%-50% of all biotypes. Our results and those from the literature suggest that C. albicans biotypes but not assimilation phenotypes may be related with some diseases. However, this requires further detailed studies.