Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilities of origination, persistence, and extinction of families of marine invertebrate life

In this paper we model the process of taxonomic evolution as a Galton-Watson branching process in discrete time and, using maximum likelihood, develop methods to estimate the probabilities of origination, persistence, and extinction of fossil taxa. We use the methods to estimate the probabilities of origination, persistence, and extinction of families (1) within 135 orders of marine invertebrate organisms, (2) within 12 phyla, and (3) within all marine invertebrate life (independently of the suprafamilial classification). Most orders, including the arcoid bivalves, the dentaloid scaphopods, the orders of chitins, and many others, have relatively low probabilities of familial origination and extinction. The various ammonoid and trilobite orders, and some others, have high probabilities of origination and extinction. Among the phyla, the Archaeocyatha have the highest probabilities of familial origination and extinction, and the Annelida the lowest, with the more typical phyla of shelly organisms clustering near the high end of the probability scale. The Porifera and Protozoa also have low probabilities but not as low as the Annelida. The estimated origination and extinction probabilities for families within all marine invertebrate life are 0.470 and 0.452 per stage, respectively, values that are at the high end of the probability scale. We have also estimated the probabilities of ultimate extinction (extinction of all families) of the supertaxa. By analyzing the changes of the diversity during each stratigraphic stage separately, we have also determined the trajectories of the estimated origination and extinction probabilities for families within all marine invertebrate life. The estimated origination probability is relatively high in association with the expansion of the Cambrian and Paleozoic evolutionary faunas and declines to more normal levels for the remainder of the Phanerozoic. The trajectory of the estimated extinction probability is from nearly zero early in the Phanerozoic to more normal levels later, showing clearly defined peaks in association with the five Phanerozoic mass-extinction events. The terminal Cretaceous mass extinction is the only one of the five that was not preceded by a monotonic decline of origination probability or by a series of stages with low origination probability. It appears to have been a unique, singular event. Because the mathematical theory we employ as a model corresponds so closely to the processes of taxonomic evolution as we understand them, we believe that the theory provides a reasonable model of biological reality.
Online Appendix: Parties, Brokers and Voter Mobilization: How Turnout Buying Depends upon the Party's Capacity to Monitor Brokers

1 Proofs Proof of Proposition 1: The argument in the text derives voter behavior v * (d, e * A , e * B ; σ), which pins down e * i for parties using backward induction. The individual rationality (IR) constraint in the program of equation (4) of the main text is clearly satisfied if the incentive compatibility (IC) constraint is satisfied. Note that the IC constraint comes from parties optimally choosing to punish, by withdrawing the wage, when they observe effort e i < ˆ e i. The parties will clearly then let the IC bind at any interior optimum. Substituting forˆw i using the binding IC constraint yields the following first-order condition inê i : ψαd[1 + αd(1 − ˆ e A)b(d)] ≤ γ A d ˆ e A p , (1) ψαd[1 − αd(1 − ˆ e B)b(d)] ≤ γ B d ˆ e B p , (2) for parties A and B respectively. The second-order conditions for a unique equilibrium are satisfied when γ A + pψα 2 db(d) > 0 for party A and γ B − pψα 2 db(d) > 0 for party B. These necessary conditions are given at the beginning of the proposition. When 1 + αdb(d) ≤ 0, A's first order condition is weakly negative for any value ofê A , and thusê * A = 0. Similarly, when 1 − αdb(d) ≤ 0, B's first order condition is weakly negative for any value ofê B , and thusê * B = 0.
Adventures in Space-Time. (Book Reviews: Black Holes and Time Warps. Einstein's Outrageous Legacy.)

During the last 30 years Kip Thorne has had the joy of participating in a great quest. The quest to understand Einstein's general theory of relativity and its predictions about the universe, and the quest to discern where and how Einstein's theory fails and what then replaces it. This quest has lead him through the labyrinths of exotic objects: black holes, white dwarfs, neutron stars, singularities, gravitational waves, worm-holes and yes, even time machines. The quest, with its hundreds of participants scattered over the globe has led him to appreciate the international character of science, the different ways that scientific enterprise is organized in different societies, and the inexorable manner in which science bas been intertwined with political currents, especially the Soviet/American conflict. This book is the author's attempts to share these insights with lay readers, and the scientists who work in fields other than his. A book of many interlocking themes held together by a thread of history; the history of the development of our times about curved space and warped time, and most especially black holes.
For-Profit Democracy

This chapter discusses for-profit democracy, in which the utilitarian rule of the most people and the greatest profit defines the government's purpose. It focuses on nuclear power as an outcome of for-profit democracy. Regulators merged energy as a necessary good with its status as necessity for profit. Without the private production of energy, people could scarcely live, nor could the nation maintain its economic productivity, so the logic goes. By virtue of such thinking, nuclear dominates any counterargument about risks or property costs, as does any other privately owned energy utility keeping the lights on. The United States has the most privatized nuclear power production regime in the world; the Tennessee Valley Authority constitutes the sole federally owned and operated nuclear power generating entity.
THE INFLUENCE OF FIRM-LEVEL FACTORS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIZATIONS

This study was based on conceptualized relationship between strategic planning (SP), firm-level factors and performance. Some researchers have argued that strategic planning influences performance positively while others contend that the influence is negative. Therefore, the past empirical studies have produced many contradictory findings and there is a need for further studies to fix this empirical conundrum. Other researchers have posited that the central tenet in strategic management is that a match between firm resources and capabilities are critical to performance, and that a strategist’s job is to find or create this match. Hence, there was need for more research on the moderating influence of firm-level factors on the relationship between strategic planning and performance. These variables were contextualized in the manufacturing firms in Kenya. The current study had one objective, to establish the influence of firmlevel factors on the relationship between strategic planning and performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. A corresponding hypothesis, firm-level factors have a moderated influence on the relationship between strategic planning and performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya, was formulated and tested at 95 percent confidence level. Through a cross-sectional descriptive survey, data was obtained using a structured questionnaire from 72 manufacturing firms representing 52.17 percent response rate. Data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypothesis was tested using both simple and multiple regression analysis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The findings established that firm-level factors had a significant moderating influence on the relationship between strategic planning and performance. The independent influences of the firm-level factors’ indicators used were all significant. The study suggested that the managers of the manufacturing firms in Kenya need to synchronize the strategic planning and firm-level factors for superior performance. Current study’s findings have theory, policy, managerial practice and methodological implications. The findings support resource based view theory. On policy and managerial practice, manufacturing firms’ management should be motivated to attract valuable resources anto attract valuable resources and capabilities which are valuable, rare, not easily imitated, and cannot be substituted as they create sustainable competitive advantage hence propel organizations to better performance. The use of regression method in analysis made it very easy to test the hypothesis which was developed to attain research objective.
Children with Cerebral Palsy in Bangladesh: Their Contribution to the
 Development of a Rehabilitation Training Programme

Purpose: Although cerebral palsy is the most prevalent health condition linked to childhood disability in Bangladesh, support and rehabilitation for this group is limited and intervention development is slow. An initiative to address these unmet needs was the development of a parent training programme for the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. The aim of this study was to explore what was important in the everyday lives of children with cerebral palsy in rural Bangladesh and take their views into account in order to inform the parent/caregiver training programme. Methods: Qualitative data was collected from12 children with cerebral palsy, between 5 - 14 years of age. The children were purposively selected from among those who attended the parent training programme. A participatory method called the ‘Feeling Dice’ was used to elicit children’s feelings about their everyday lives. The approach was easy to use, acceptable in the local context, the children enjoyed the activity, and it generated rich information. Results: ‘Inclusion in play’ and ‘being able to attend school’ made the children happy and were their two main priorities, yet were not key issues for parents. The children were frustrated by their dependence on others for day-to-day activities such as feeding, bathing, and transport to school. Children also played an important part in encouraging their parents to attend the training course. Conclusion: This study showed that valuable information can be gathered from children with cerebral palsy by using a simple and adaptable participatory research tool. Children’s views and priorities sometimes differed from those of their parents and carers, and could be useful for developing more relevant and valid interventions. Children need to be recognised as important ‘agents of change’ within their own rehabilitation. This methodology is in harmony with the UNCRPD recommendations, and supports inclusive and rights-based intervention development.
Using Music for Case Conceptualization: Looking Through an Adlerian Lens

Abstract:Case conceptualization is a key aspect of providing appropriate and effective counseling interventions. Teaching and learning case conceptualization can be difficult given the complexity and scope of a multitude of theories. Creative pedagogy and training experiences can assist in making this process more understandable and personal. We provide an overview of the use of music as a creative and critical means for conceptualizing a case through an Adlerian lens.
The Aetiology, Diagnosis and Current Therapy of Developmental and Acquired Equine Dental Disorders, by P. M. Dixon; P0707.1203

The most common clinical sign of equine dental disease is quidding (dropping partially masticated food) due to oral pain from sharp dental overgrowths, which can also cause bitting problems and occasionally head shaking. Weight loss is not a common sign unless dental disease is severe and chronic. With apical infections of the cheek teeth, mandibular swellings and fistulas; or alternatively in the upper jaw, rostral maxillary swellings or fistula and with caudal cheek teeth infections to paranasal sinusitis with nasal discharge can occur. The more common incisor disorders include overbite, underbite, retained deciduous, supernumerary and fractures of the incisors. A variety of abnormal incisor wear patterns occur, some traumatic in origin and others secondary to cheek teeth disorders. The major cheek teeth disorders included retained deciduous teeth, diastema, rostal positioning of the maxillary cheek teeth rows, developmental displacements and supernumary cheek teeth. The main acquired disorders of the cheek teeth are enamel overgrowths, secondary periodontal disease and traumatic and idiopathic fractures of the cheek teeth. The current treatment of these disorders will be reviewed.
Dollar Safety and the Global Financial Cycle

We develop a model of the global financial cycle with one key ingredient: the international demand for safe dollar assets. The model matches patterns of dollar borrowing and currency mismatch, the U.S. external balance sheet, exorbitant privilege, spillovers of the U.S. monetary policy to the rest of the world, and the dollar as a global risk factor. In doing so, we lay out a novel transmission mechanism through which the U.S. monetary policy affects the currency market and the global economy. The global financial cycle is a dollar cycle.
Dynamical stability and Lyapunov exponents for holomorphic endomorphisms of CP(k)

We introduce a notion of stability for equilibrium measures in holomorphic families of endomorphisms of CP(k) and prove that it is equivalent to the stability of repelling cycles and equivalent to the existence of some measurable holomorphic motion of Julia sets which we call equilibrium lamination. We characterize the corresponding bifurcations by the strict subharmonicity of the sum of Lyapunov exponents or the instability of critical dynamics and analyze how repelling cycles may bifurcate. Our methods deeply exploit the properties of Lyapunov exponents and are based on ergodic theory and on pluripotential theory.
Psychosocial safety climate, safety compliance and safety participation: The mediating role of psychological distress

Abstract We conceptualize that psychosocial safety climate (PSC) has a positive effect on employees' safety behavior by reducing their psychological distress. A high-level PSC environment reduces psychological distress by eliminating the employees' need for devoting psychological resources toward safety concerns. This preserves psychological resources to be invested in important behaviors i.e., safety compliance and participation. Data were collected from 190 production workers in the oil and gas industry across three states of Malaysia. Results showed strong support for our hypotheses. PSC was negatively linked with psychological distress. Psychological distress predicted safety compliance and participation and mediated the relationship between PSC and safety compliance/participation. Results suggest that in order to improve safety compliance and participation, management in safety-sensitive industries should pay attention to psychosocial factors in the work environment. The implications of these results for safety interventions and further research are discussed.
The influence of eyewitness age, type of descriptor inconsistencies, and familiarity with defendant on mock jurors' perceptions of eyewitness testimony

Eyewitness evidence can play a key role in juror decision making. This study examines the influence of eyewitness age (10 vs. 20 years old), type of descriptor inconsistencies (no descriptor inconsistencies, inconsistencies related to easy-to-change ‘non-permanent’ features or inconsistencies related to difficult-to-change, ‘permanent’ features), and familiarity with the defendant on participants acting as mock jurors’ assessments of eyewitness and defendant integrity, continuous guilt ratings, and dichotomous verdicts. Participants were asked to read one of 12 versions of a trial transcript and then answered a self-report questionnaire. Eyewitness age did not have a significant effect on any dependent variables. Familiarity had a marginal effect on guilt assessments, both continuous and dichotomous. The presence of any descriptor inconsistencies led jurors to believe the eyewitness more, defendant less, and assign more guilt to the defendant. However, the type, i.e. non-permanent or permanent, did not differentially impact assessments.
The impact of source credible online reviews on purchase intention

Purpose This study aims to highlight the importance of brand equity dimensions which act as a mediator between online reviews and consumer’s purchase intention. In particular, the present study tries to determine which the Aaker’s (1991) brand equity dimensions have the mediating roles between source credible online reviews and purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from select e-commerce site’s brand community on Facebook social media platform through Google form application. The present study first determines the reliability of the variables. To check the unidimensionality of the variables, exploratory factor analysis has been performed. This study makes use of structural equation modeling bootstrapping method to examine the mediating effects of brand equity dimensions between source credible online reviews and purchase intention. Findings Data analysis reveals that marketers should concentrate more on brand awareness and perceived value, which ultimately influence the purchase intention of the consumers. Originality/value This paper is one of the first that examines the mediating effects of consumer-based brand equity dimensions between source credible online reviews and consumer’s purchase intention. Further, the present study integrates source credibility theory and attribution theory to develop the research model.
Systematic generation of datasets and benchmarks for modern computer vision

Deep Learning is dominant in the field of computer vision, thanks to its high performance. This high performance is driven by large annotated datasets and proper evaluation benchmarks. However, two important areas in computer vision, depth-based hand segmentation, and local features, respectively lack a large well-annotated dataset and a benchmark protocol that properly demonstrates its practical performance. Therefore, in this thesis, we focus on these two problems. For hand segmentation, we create a novel systematic way to easily create automatic semantic segmentation annotations for large datasets. We achieved this with the help of traditional computer vision techniques and minimal hardware setup of one RGB-D camera and two distinctly colored skin-tight gloves. Our method allows easy creation of large-scale datasets with high annotation quality. For local features, we create a new modern benchmark, that reveals their different aspects. Specifically wide-baseline stereo matching and Multi-View Stereo (MVS), of keypoints in a more practical setup, namely Structure-from-Motion (SfM). We believe that through our new benchmark, we will be able to spur research on learned local features to a more practical direction. In this respect, the benchmark developed for the thesis will be used to host a challenge on local features.
OasisR: An R Package to Bring Some Order to the World of Segregation Measurement

Interest in social segregation measurement has increased strongly over the years and the number of segregation indices proposed in the literature have become more complex. However there are only a few software applications that can be employed to analyze social segregation, and these are usually available as a plug-in/package in geographic information system (GIS) software or as limited stand-alone application. Thus, the development of a package which exploits the power and versatility of the R environment for statistical computing and graphics would be desirable. Also, analysis of the segregation indices shows that there are ambiguities and errors in the literature, and consequently in the available software applications. This is an even more important reason why we need to develop a new tool to bring some order to the world of segregation measurement. This paper contributes also by proposing an automatic statistical testing methodology for these indices, using several resampling techniques: randomization tests, bootstrap and jackknife.
Fatores de risco em pacientes com sepse em unidades de terapia intensiva: uma revisão integrativa

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de risco em pacientes com sepse em unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Revisão integrativa de literatura abrangendo a área da saúde, cuja busca por seleção de artigos concentrou-se nas bases de dados Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde – BVS e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) levando-se em consideração a produção científica publicada nos últimos 10 anos. Resultados: Foi possível constatar os principais fatores de risco como: predominância do sexo masculino, idade avançada, doenças respiratórias e tempo elevado de internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva - UTI, microorganismos agravantes da sepse, as características clínicas e agentes etiológicos que estão associados ao agravamento da sepse nesses pacientes. Conclusão: A necessidade de se implantar um protocolo de manipulação da Sepse ainda no primeiro contato com o paciente é fundamental a fim de evitar o agravamento e o óbito.
Germination and initial development of Simira gardneriana M.R. Barbosa & Peixoto (Rubiaceae) seedlings under different temperatures and salinity levels

Simira gardneriana M.R. Barbosa & Peixoto (Rubiaceae) is a species exclusive to the Caatinga biome. It is used as forage, firewood, and in the construction of fence posts. Species from this biome are constantly subjected to abiotic stresses, including salt and thermal stress. Thus, we evaluated the effect of irrigation water salinity on the germination and initial development of S. gardneriana seedlings at different temperatures. The experiment used seeds with an initial moisture content of about 12.32%, arranged in a factorial scheme with eight levels of salinity, obtained by the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl), diluted in distilled water at concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 dS m-1, and the four temperatures 25, 30, 35, and 20-30°C, in four replicates of 25 seeds each. Salinity and temperature effects were evaluated based on germination, germination speed index, seedling shoot length, root length, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, and total dry matter. Increasing water salinity levels interfered with all variables analyzed in the germination of S. gardneriana seeds, especially at a temperature of 35°C. At temperatures of 25 and 30°C, seed germination and initial development were less affected by salinity. Simira gardneriana seeds are sensitive to salinity caused by the increase in NaCl from 1.5 dS m-1, which indicates a low tolerance of this species to saline environments. Our results show that the negative effect on the germination and initial development of S. gardneriana seedlings can be explained by the increase in salt levels and temperature, reducing their capacity to absorb water and nutrients, which indicates sensitivity responses of this species to salinity and thermal stress.