Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of a Nanodiamond–Tamoxifen Complex as a Breast Cancer Drug Delivery Vehicle

According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer represents 16% of all cancer cases in women and is the second most common cancer. In the past decades, the mortality among patients with metastasis breast cancer has been reduced significantly via drug delivery by means of nanodiamond therapies, which are both biocompatible and scalable. In this study, we determined a theoretical pathway for the construction of a nanodiamond–tamoxifen complex that will act as a drug delivery vehicle for targeting tumor tissues of breast cancer. The tamoxifen pharmacophore was defined and the binding zone was identified for the electrostatic interaction between tamoxifen and a functionalized site of a nanodiamond particle allowing for attachment of the payload this drug to the surface of the nanodiamond particle. In addition, an analysis of the intermolecular interaction between the nanodiamond and tamoxifen was conducted, showing three hydrogen bonds complying fully with Lipinski’s rule of five, which states that a compound should have five or fewer hydrogen bonds to be permeating and easily absorbed by the body qualitative prediction. All calculations were performed using the conceptual Density Functional Theory with the M06 functional and the basis set 6-31Gd. The solvent effect has been taken into account by an implicit model, the conductor like polarizable continuum model.
Effects of Full and Quasi – Participatory Learning Strategies on Nigerian Senior Secondary Students’ Environmental Knowledge: Implications for Classroom Practice

Environmental education is considered an appropriate intervention for creating awareness of, and an understanding of the challenges of environmental degradation. The introduction of EE into the Nigerian school curricular creates a challenge of how to teach it. A majority of the teachers still employ the old, traditional "chalk and talk" method. This study experimented with two modes of participatory strategies, the full and quasi participatory modes in teaching secondary school students in Nigeria some EE concepts. Three hundred and sixty students were randomly selected and assigned to the three treatment groups. Five hypotheses were tested at P<. 05 and data was collected using a test instrument measuring students' understanding of the EE concepts taught. Findings from the study indicate that generally students taught using the participatory modes performed better than their counterparts in the conventional lecture group. However, between the two participatory modes examined, it was noted that students in the quasi participatory mode performed better than their colleagues in the full participatory group. An explanation of this could be that the quasi mode offers the learners a unique opportunity to work together in a more flexible way, to read, accept and internalize the basic environmental concepts. The implications of the findings for classroom practice were discussed in the paper.
The core helium flash revisited - III. From Population I to Population III stars

Context. Degenerate ignition of helium in low-mass stars at the end of the red giant branch phase leads to dynamic convection in their helium cores. One-dimensional (1D) stellar modeling of this intrinsically multi-dimensional dynamic event is likely to be inadequate. Previous hydrodynamic simulations imply that the single convection zone in the helium core of metal-rich Pop I stars grows during the flash on a dynamic timescale. This may lead to hydrogen injection into the core and to a double convection zone structure as known from one-dimensional core helium flash simulations of low-mass Pop III stars. Aims. We perform hydrodynamic simulations of the core helium flash in two and three dimensions to better constrain the nature of these events. To this end we study the hydrodynamics of convection within the helium cores of a 1.25 Mmetal-rich Pop I star (Z = 0.02), and, for the first time, a 0.85 Mmetal-free Pop III star (Z = 0) near the peak of the flash. These models possess single and double convection zones, respectively. Methods. We use 1D stellar models of the core helium flash computed with state-of-the-art stellar evolution codes as initial models for our multidimensional hydrodynamic study, and simulate the evolution of these models with the Riemann solver based hydrodynamics code Herakles, which integrates the Euler equations coupled with source terms corresponding to gravity and nuclear burning. Results. The hydrodynamic simulation of the Pop I model involving a single convection zone covers 27 h of stellar evolution, while the hydrodynamic simulations of a double convection zone, in the Pop III model, span 1.8 h of stellar life. We find differences between the predictions of mixing length theory and our hydrodynamic simulations. The simulation of the single convection zone in the Pop I model shows a strong growth of the size of the convection zone due to turbulent entrainment. We therefore predict that for the Pop I model a hydrogen injection phase (i.e., hydrogen injection into the helium core) will commence after about 23 days, which should eventually lead to a double convection zone structure known from 1D stellar modeling of low-mass Pop III stars. Our two and three- dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the double (Pop III) convection zone model show that the velocity field in the convection zones is different from that given by stellar evolutionary calculations. The simulations suggest that the double convection zone decays quickly, the flow eventually being dominated by internal gravity waves. The decay could be an artefact caused by the mapping of the initial stellar model to the numerical grid of our hydrodynamics code.
The Potential of Cardiac Markers to Improve Patient Management

The Potential of Cardiac Markers to Improve Patient Management B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a quantitative marker for heart failure. The use of BNP in patients with dyspnea has consistently shown to improve patient management and reduce treatment cost. Additional indications with the potential to improve patient management include treatment monitoring in acute and chronic heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and coronary artery disease. Potencijal Srčanih Markera Za Unapređenje Lečenja Pacijenata B-tip natriuretskog peptida (BNP) jeste kvantitativni marker za srčane bolesti. Pokazalo se da upotreba BNP-a kod pacijenata sa dispneom unapređuje lečenje i smanjuje troškove tretmana. Dodatne indikacije koje imaju potencijal da unaprede lečenje pacijenata uključuju praćenje toka lečenja u slučajevima akutnih i hroničnih srčanih bolesti, plućne embolije i koronarne arterijske bolesti.
Análise espacial e temporal das tendências das precipitações na Espanha peninsular

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo efectuar un analisis regional que estime las zonas de Espana peninsular en las que se detectan tendencias, estadisticamente significativas recientes en las series de precipitacion; buscar una metodologia estadistica que permita encontrar cambios en la tendencia reciente de la precipitacion pero que a la vez elimine las incosistencias en los datos debidos a errores en la medida; estimar en torno a que ano comienzan los cambios y hacer una estimacion del cambio y establecer en que epocas se detectan los cambios, ya que de ahi podran estimarse los cambios en el tipo de precipitacion.
Employee-Based Brand Equity: Why Firms with Strong Brands Pay Their Executives Less

This article examines the concept of employee-based brand equity—the value that a brand provides to a firm through its effects on the attitudes and behaviors of its employees—and empirically demonstrates its significance on executive pay. Executives value being associated with strong brands and, therefore, accept substantially lower pay at firms that own strong brands. Consistent with identity theory, this effect is stronger for chief executive officers and younger executives than for other executives. Data from a large, cross-industry sample of executives suggest that academics and practitioners should take a broader view of the contributions of brand-related investments to firm value and make use of strong brands in pay negotiations that are typically viewed as being outside the realm of marketing.
Segregation of antiferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity in Ca 1-x La x Fe 2 As 2

We report the effect of applied pressures on magnetic and superconducting order in single crystals of the aliovalent La-doped iron pnictide material Ca$_{1-x}$La$_{x}$Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$. Using electrical transport, elastic neutron scattering and resonant tunnel diode oscillator measurements on samples under both quasi-hydrostatic and hydrostatic pressure conditions, we report a series of phase diagrams spanning the range of substitution concentrations for both antiferromagnetic and superconducting ground states that include pressure-tuning through the antiferromagnetic (AFM) quantum critical point. Our results indicate that the observed superconducting phase with maximum transition temperature of $T_{c}$=47 K is intrinsic to these materials, appearing only upon suppression of magnetic order by pressure tuning through the AFM critical point. In contrast to all other intermetallic iron-pnictide superconductors with the ThCr$_2$Si$_2$ structure, this superconducting phase appears to exist only exclusively from the antiferromagnetic phase in a manner similar to the oxygen- and fluorine-based iron-pnictide superconductors with the highest transition temperatures reported to date. The unusual dichotomy between lower-$T_{c}$ systems with coexistent superconductivity and magnetism and the tendency for the highest-$T_{c}$ systems to show non-coexistence provides an important insight into the distinct transition temperature limits in different members of the iron-based superconductor family.
The Distributional Impacts of an Energy Boom in Western Canada

In the energy-rich region of Western Canada, inequality rose over the past two decades, while poverty declined, begging the question of whether the recent energy boom was a contributing factor. This study uses measures of inequality and poverty across local labor markets that vary in energy extraction intensity to identify these distributional impacts. The evidence shows that, overall, the boom increased inequality and decreased poverty. There are, however, a few notable cases where these relationships are reversed. The significance and relative magnitude of growth across and between distributional segments were consistent with these findings.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Sweep Sampling in Determining Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Community Composition 1

Sweep sampling is the quickest, least expensive, and most commonly used method of sampling rangeland grasshopper (Acrididae) com- munities to determine species composition. However, few studies have exam- ined the accuracy of sweep sampling relative to actual community composition because the latter is difficult to determine. We made such comparisons by sampling grasshoppers within enclosures that prevented their escape during sampling. We first took a single sweep sample within the enclosure, then exhaustively sampled the enclosure to remove all remaining grasshoppers. Comparison of the grasshoppers in the initial sample to those remaining in the enclosure was used to test the hypothesis that an accurate estimate of com- munity composition was provided by the initial sweep sample. We sampled during a 5-wk period to determine if accuracy changed seasonally and swept in both mowed and unmowed enclosures to relate the results to the physical structure of the vegetation. The initial sweep samples, which are equivalent to the single samples taken in many studies, provided good estimates of the relative abundance of most species. Mean differences between estimated and actual proportions of particular species were generally less than 0.03. Even though the deviations were usually relatively small, the relative abundances of some species were sometimes underestimated or overestimated in the samples. In particular, Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (Thomas) was sometimes overesti- mated to such an extent that it caused other species to be underestimated. Our results suggest that correction factors could be developed to adjust sweep sample estimates to account for consistent biases in sampling, but this correc- tion would have to be done on a community-by-community and habitat-by- habitat basis.
Spatial Competition of Milk Processing Cooperatives in Northern Germany

In this paper we develop a theoretical model of competition among marketing cooperatives (co-ops) in a spatial market setting assuming uniform delivered pricing and Loschian conduct. The model is an extension to Alvarez et al.'s (2000) spatial competition model for investorowned firms (IOF). Theoretical results include i) that the prices for raw milk are, ceteris paribus, higher in a pure market of coops than in a pure IOF market; ii) that even coops may imperfectly transmit price changes upstream; and iii) that the price farmers receive for their raw product is a function of economic space (distance times transportation costs) between coops. We test our theoretical findings for milk processing co-ops in Northern Germany using data of monthly average farm-gate prices for raw milk between 1999 and 2003 and estimating a reduced form regression model. Empirical results confirm our theoretical findings to a great extent.
FLUKA STUDIES OF THE ASYNCHRONOUS BEAM DUMP EFFECTS ON LHC POINT 6

The LHC is a record-breaking machine for beam energy and intensity. An intenseefforthas thereforebeendeployed in simulating critical operational scenarios of energy deposition. FLUKA is the most widely used code for this kind of simulationsat CERN because ofthe highreliabilityof its results andthe ease to custom detailed simulationsall along hundreds of meters of beam line. We have investigated the effects of an asynchronous beam dump on the LHC Point 6 where, beams with a stored energy of 360 MJ, can instantaneously release up to a few J cm �3 in the cryogenic magnets which have a quench limit of the order of the mJ cm �3 . In the present paper we will describe the simulation approach, and discuss the evaluated maximum energy release onto the superconducting magnets during an asynchronous beam dump. We will then analyse the shielding provided by collimators installed in the area and discuss safety limits for the operation of the LHC.
Consequences of Reducing the Cost of PV Modules on a PV Wind Diesel Hybrid System with Limited Sizing Components

The use of renewable resources for power supply in family homes has passed the stage of utopia to became a reality, with limits set by technical and economic parameters. This paper presents the results of a project originated from the initiative of a middle-class family to achieve energy independence at home. The starting point was the concept of home with “zero energy” in which the total energy available is equal to the energy consumed. The solution devised to meet the energy demand of the residence in question is a PV wind diesel hybrid system connected to the grid, with the possibility of energy storage in batteries and in the form of heating water and the environment of the house. As a restriction, the family requested that the system would represent little impact to the lifestyle and landscape. This paper aims to assess the consequences of reductions in the cost of the PV modules on the optimization space, as conceived by the software Homer. The results show that for this system, a 50% reduction in the cost of PV modules allows all viable solutions including PV modules.
Explain the Relationship between Ownership Concentration and Information Asymmetry Firms Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange

Information asymmetry of market brings undesired outcomes such as little participation of investors, high trade costs, weak markets, and low trade profits. Regarding to the importance of information asymmetry concept, the goal of this research is study of relationship between ownership concentration and information asymmetry in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. A sample of 74 companies, members of Tehran Stock Exchange, was selected for a 5 year period (2005-2009). Linear regression model with confidence level of 95% and software Excel and SPSS were used to test the research assumption. The results show that there a direct (positive) relationship between ownership concentration level with information asymmetry. In companies with concentrated ownership structure, great stockholders access hidden and private information of companies. The cause the parties of stock trading, increase difference of buy and sell proposed price in order to decrease risk of incorrect selection.
Black Hole Remnants in the Early Universe

We consider the production of primordial micro black holes (MBH) remnants in the early Universe. These objects induce the Universe to be in a matter-dominated era before the onset of inflation. Effects of such an epoch on the CMB power spectrum are discussed and computed both analytically and numerically. By comparison with the latest observational data from the WMAP collaboration, we find that our model appears to explain the quadrupole anomaly of the CMB power spectrum.
Association Between Alleles of Cytokine Genes with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Russian Population

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multi-factor disease with a key role of genetic component in its genesis. Development of osteoporosis and articular destruction is attributed with overexpression of pro-infl ammatory cytokines and reduced production of anti-infl ammatory ones. In this work probable associations of IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and TNFα alleles with rheumatoid arthritis were studied among Russian ethnic group. Methods: A total of 69 Russian ethnical group patients with RA (cases) and 133 healthy control individuals (controls) were genotyped for variants in 8 cytokines genes (IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4,IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and TNFα). Individual genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls. Odd ratios were calculated with asymptotic 95% confi dence intervals and P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically signifi cant. Results: The distribution of studied alleles of cytokine genes in Russian population is similar to other European populations. Genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies were equally distributed between RA cases and controls for IFN-γ (rs2430561), IL-1α (rs1800587), (rs17561), IL-1β (rs1143627), (rs16944), (rs1143634), IL-10 (rs1800871), IL- 18 (rs1946518) and TNFα (rs361525). Meanwhile, signifi cant associations (р<0.05) were found between RA cases and controls for IL-4 (rs2243250) T/T, IL-6 (rs1800795) G/G, IL-10 (rs1800872) A/A, IL-10 (rs1800896) G/A, IL-18 (rs187238) G/C and TNFα (rs1800629) G/A. Conclusions: These results indicate that common variants of the IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and TNFα may signifi cantly contribute to RA susceptibility.
Biopsychosocial correlates of work motivation

Background, purpose. Work motivation is a potential predictor of employee turnover, job satisfaction, commitment, job performance and psychological wellbeing. Researchers argue that motivated employees work more effectively. The purpose of the current study was to identify biological (gender, age and health), psychological (personality traits) and social (marital status, children, work sector and position) factors related to employees’ work motivation. It was also predicted that subjectively perceived job effectiveness might contribute significantly to the model of employees’ work motivation. Material and methods. The sample for the study consisted of 310 Lithuanian employees. The questionnaire constructed according to the instructions of Vroom Expectancy Theory was used to assess work motivation. Personality traits were assessed by Big Five Inventory. Biological and social factors were identified via a self constructed questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic information as well as employee health issues. A two item scale was devised for assessing perceived work effectiveness. Results. Results of the study showed that extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience and managerial position were related to work motivation. Conclusions. Structural equation modeling results indicated that work motivation was associated with the personality factors of extraversion and conscientiousness when the subjective work effectiveness has the mediating effect.
On the Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting Method for Scattering by Large 3D Inhomogeneous Targets

The finite element tearing and interconnecting method (FETI) is applied to compute scattering by large 3D inhomogeneous targets. Two algorithms of FETI have been implemented for 3D scattering. The performance of these two FETI algorithms has been investigated in detail, particularly for large inhomogeneous targets. Numerical experiments show that the performance of FETI relies on the style of domain decomposition and inhomogeneity, which has not been carefully studied before. A trick for improving convergence of FETI is presented for inhomogeneous targets.