Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspectos clínico-hematológicos e lesões vesicais na intoxicação crônica espontânea por Pteridium aquilinum em bovinos

Spontaneous cases of chronic poisoning by Pteridium aquilinum in cattle were studied. The clinical forms of the disease were squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) of the upper digestive tract (UDT) and bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). The cases were from the midland Region of the Midwest of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and were submitted to the Laboratorio de Patologia Veterinaria of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Clinical signs and blood work were evaluated at terminal phase of disease. Cattle with UDT SCCs had progressive weigth loss, ruminal atony, cough, dysphagia, bloating, and regurgitation. In cattle with BEH, hematuria was observed in all cases, followed by progressive weight loss. Non-regenerative anemia was detected in 33.33% of the cattle with UDT SCCs form and in 66.66% of the cattle with BEH form. Changes in white blood count occurred in some cases but drop in lymphocyte numbers was uncommon in both forms of disease. For the morphological study, urinary bladders from 46 cattle with UDT SCCs and 11 cattle with BEH were analyzed. Grossly, 16/46 bladders from the UDT SCCs form had gross lesions (red or pale vesical nodules, hemorrhages, and papilomas; red urine was detected at necropsy of only three cases). In BEH form, the bladder had nodules, large neoplastic masses, red urine, papilomas, and hemorrhages. Pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis were seen in a few cases. Microscopically, in the UDT SCCs form, 44/46 (95.65%) bladders had 22 different types of morphological changes, characterized by neoplastic lesions (5/22) and non-neoplastic lesions (17/22); the latter were subdivided in non-neoplastic epithelial changes (6/17), general changes of the lamina propria (6/17), and inflammatory changes (5/17). The bladder changes in BEH form were of 19 different types, characterized by neoplastic lesions (5/19) and non-neoplastic lesions (14/19), which were subdivided in non-neoplastic epitelial changes (9/14), general changes of the lamina propria (3/14), and inflammatory changes (2/14). In BEH, mesenchymal neoplasms were more observed than epithelial ones, and most of them were malignant. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to characterize the histogenesis of poorly differentiated neoplasms. In conclusion, the morphological study demonstrated that urinary bladder lesions identical to the those seen in cattle with BEH, are very often present in cattle with the UDT SCCs form.
Agreement between equations estimating glomerular filtration rate in elderly nursing home residents and in hospitalised patients: implications for drug dosing.

BACKGROUND detecting chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have important implications for the management of older and frail people. We aimed at investigating whether clinical setting (nursing home: NH versus hospital: H) affects the agreement between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), Cockcroft-Gault (CG) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations. DESIGN observational study. SETTING comparison between NH residents and H patients. SUBJECTS we used data from 177 NH residents, and 439 H patients. METHODS the agreement between estimating equations and the odds of a discrepancy >25% between formulas in relation to setting (NH versus H) were investigated. RESULTS the agreement between MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas was good either in NH (k = 0.82) or H (k = 0.87) patients, while corresponding figures for CG indicate only a fair agreement with CKD-EPI (k = 0.50 for both populations). Setting (NH versus H) was associated with discordance between MDRD and CKD-EPI (OR = 3.97; 95% CI = 1.75-9.01), but not between CG and EPI (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 0.87-1.81). CONCLUSIONS in NH residents, MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas yield highly concordant GFR values, but CG behaves differently in up to one-third of patients. Such findings have important implications in dosing drugs cleared by the kidney. Setting should be taken into consideration in studies for validation of GFR equations.
Geriatrics is rewarding but lacks earning potential and prestige: responses from the national medical student survey of attitudes to and perceptions of geriatric medicine.

elderly (>70 years old) measured by means of iohexol clearance, serum creatinine, serum urea and estimated clearance. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2004; 38: 73–77. 9. Stevens LA, Coresh J, Schmid CH et al. Estimating GFR using serum cystatin C alone and in combination with serum creatinine: a pooled analysis of 3,418 individuals with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51: 395–406. 10. Vaes B, Pasquet A, Wallemacq P et al. The BELFRAIL (BFC80+) study: a population-based prospective cohort study of the very elderly in Belgium. BMC Geriatr 2010; 10: 39. 11. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 604–12. 12. Pedone C, Corsonello A, Incalzi RA. Estimating renal function in older people: a comparison of three formulas. Age Ageing 2006; 35: 121–6. 13. Froissart M, Rossert J, Jacquot C, Paillard M, Houillier P. Predictive performance of the modification of diet in renal disease and Cockcroft-Gault equations for estimating renal function. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: 763–73. 14. Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Greene T et al. Comparative performance of the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equations for estimating GFR levels above 60 mL/min/1.73 m. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 56: 486–95.
Comparative study of low-dose oral contraceptive pill and ormeloxifene in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Background: Role of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and ormeloxifene (ORM) in dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is still in an exploring level. Aim: The aim was to observe the improvement of the menstrual bleeding pattern in terms of the amount, regularity, and hemoglobin (Hb) status of the women. Setting: Study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata a tertiary care teaching hospital. Design: Prospective randomized study with patients having subjective complaints of menorrhagia. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 women was treated with ORM 60 mg and OCP containing 30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 150 μg desogestrel was given to 34 women. Pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) was applied to assess the amount of bleeding. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were compared using a t-test (paired and unpaired) and Mann-Whitney U-test for numerical variables and McNemar's Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: The primary outcome showed a comparable PBAC score of ORM in first posttreatment cycle and significantly better in following two cycles (PBAC - postC1: 0.118, PBAC - postC2: 0.016, and PBAC - postC3: 0.04). Group receiving OCP was observed to have good cycle regularity in comparison to ORM (P = 0.006). Hb rise in both groups was almost similar, OCP group revealed an improvement in mean Hb concentration of 0.65 g%, whereas ORM showed a rise of 0.72 g%. Secondary outcomes were adverse reactions, satisfaction level, and poor responders in both groups. Conclusion: ORM is effective in treating DUB in almost in all aspects and can be considered as nonsteroidal option of therapy.
Program extraction in exact real arithmetic †

The importance of an abstract approach to a computation theory over general data types has been stressed by Tucker in many of his papers. Berger and Seisenberger recently elaborated the idea for extraction out of proofs involving (only) abstract reals. They considered a proof involving coinduction of the proposition that any two reals in [−1, 1] have their average in the same interval, and informally extract a Haskell program from this proof, which works with stream representations of reals. Here we formalize the proof, and machine extract its computational content using the Minlog proof assistant. This required an extension of this system to also take coinduction into account.
Incidence and predictors of depression in non-demented primary care attenders aged 75 years and older: results from a 3-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE to determine incidence and predictors of late-life depression. METHODS this is a 3-year observational cohort study of 3,214 non-demented patients aged 75 and over completing three waves of assessment. The patients were recruited in 138 primary care practices in six urban areas in Germany. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline, and 18 months and 36 months later using the GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale with a cut-off 0-5/6-15. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to examine predictors of incident depression, adjusting for sex, age, education, living situation, activities of daily living - and instrumental activities of daily living impairment, somatic comorbidity, alcohol consumption, smoking, mild cognitive impairment and apoE4 status. RESULTS the incidence of depression was 36.8 (95% CI: 29.6-45.3) per 1,000 person-years in men and 46.0 (95% CI: 39.9-52.8) in women (sex difference P = 0.069). The incidence increased from 35.4 (95% CI: 29.7-41.9) per 1000 person-years between the ages of 75 and 79 to 75.2 (95% CI: 53.2-103.2) for subjects 85 years and older. After full adjustment for confounding variables, hazard ratios (HR) for incident depression were significantly higher for subjects 85 years and older (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.24-2.70) and those with mobility impairment (HR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.97-3.25), vision impairment (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04-1.91), mild cognitive impairment (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10-2.10), subjective memory impairment (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.74) and current smoking (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.13-2.53). CONCLUSIONS the incidence of depression increased significantly with age. In designing prevention programmes, it is important to call more attention on functional impairment, cognitive impairment and smoking.
Effect of smoking on resting‐state functional connectivity in smokers: An fMRI study

Smoking is a leading cause of death in the world. Aberrant brain function has been repeatedly linked to tobacco smoking. However, little is known about insula‐based resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) in non‐deprived tobacco‐dependent smokers. This study characterized the correlation between insula‐based rsFC and tobacco dependence severity in non‐deprived smokers.
Intra-individual reaction time variability and all-cause mortality over 17 years: a community-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND very few studies have examined the association between intra-individual reaction time variability and subsequent mortality. Furthermore, the ability of simple measures of variability to predict mortality has not been compared with more complex measures. METHOD a prospective cohort study of 896 community-based Australian adults aged 70+ were interviewed up to four times from 1990 to 2002, with vital status assessed until June 2007. From this cohort, 770-790 participants were included in Cox proportional hazards regression models of survival. Vital status and time in study were used to conduct survival analyses. The mean reaction time and three measures of intra-individual reaction time variability were calculated separately across 20 trials of simple and choice reaction time tasks. Models were adjusted for a range of demographic, physical health and mental health measures. RESULTS greater intra-individual simple reaction time variability, as assessed by the raw standard deviation (raw SD), coefficient of variation (CV) or the intra-individual standard deviation (ISD), was strongly associated with an increased hazard of all-cause mortality in adjusted Cox regression models. The mean reaction time had no significant association with mortality. CONCLUSION intra-individual variability in simple reaction time appears to have a robust association with mortality over 17 years. Health professionals such as neuropsychologists may benefit in their detection of neuropathology by supplementing neuropsychiatric testing with the straightforward process of testing simple reaction time and calculating raw SD or CV.
Median nerve ultrasound in diabetic peripheral neuropathy with and without carpal tunnel syndrome

Introduction: Median nerve ultrasound shows increased cross‐sectional area (CSA) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PN). The role of ultrasound in diagnosing CTS superimposed on diabetic PN is unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate ultrasound for diagnosis of CTS in diabetic PN. Methods: Prospective recruitment of diabetics with electrodiagnostically proven PN, subdivided into cases (with CTS) or controls (without CTS). The gold standard for CTS was clinical diagnosis. NCS were correlated with blinded median nerve CSA ultrasound measurements. Results: Eight cases (CTS) and eight controls (no CTS) were recruited. Nerve conduction studies (NCS): Median nerve distal latencies (antidromic sensory; palmar; lumbrical motor; and lumbrical motor to ulnar interosseous difference) were significantly prolonged in CTS cases. No ultrasound measurement (distal median CSA, wrist‐forearm ratio, wrist‐forearm difference) reached significance to detect CTS. Area under the curve was greatest for lumbrical distal latency by receiver operator characteristic analysis (0.85). Conclusions: In this pilot study, NCS may be superior to ultrasound for identification of superimposed CTS in diabetic PN patients, but larger numbers are needed for confirmation. Muscle Nerve 47: 437–439, 2013
The Role of Ultrasound in Imaging Breast Implants

There are many reasons why women have breast augmentation, the search for the body beautiful, to enhance their breasts after child rearing or weight loss, or as part of reconstruction after surgery for breast cancer. All can run into problems during the lifetime of their implants, and this article will try to address some of the imaging dilemmas related to these problems and indicate the role of ultrasound.
Body size‐adjusted dose analysis of pirfenidone in patients with interstitial pneumonia

Pirfenidone is an effective anti‐fibrotic agent for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although adverse events (AE) sometimes prevent patients from continuing treatment, current dose adjustment guidance does not consider patient body size or weight (BW). The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of pirfenidone dose adjustment by body surface area (BSA) or BW for preventing AE and permitting continuous treatment in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP).
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided coil embolization therapy in gastric varices

threatening event, however, there is no global consensus on its optimum treatment. Recently, the use of therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in vascular disorders has been reported [1–5]. Here we report on four patients with severe gastric varices (two patients with Child–Pugh class A, and one each with class B and C; two patients with bleeding) treated with EUS-guided coil embolization. We informed all four patients and their relatives about the experimental nature of the technique and obtained written informed consent. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy was administered and the working channel of the endoscope was flushed with povidone-iodine before the procedure. Under EUS and fluoroscopy guidance, stainless steel, synthetic-fiber coils (MReye; IMWCE, Cook, Limerick, Ireland), of diameter 0.035 inch, straight length 50–150mm, and coiled diameter 8–15mm, were deployed through a 19gauge needle (●" Fig. 1, 2). Once the needle was inside the vessel, the stylet was withdrawn and the coil was deployed by advancing the stiffer part of a 0.035 inch guide wire, with the aim of delivering it as coiled as possible. In the first patient, who had a large gastrorenal shunt, we delivered the coils into the gastric varices to prevent migration. After we had placed 13 coils, neither migration nor thrombosis was observed. Therefore we modified the technique to deliver the coils not into the varix but into its perforating feeding vein, and nine additional coils were deployed in the first patient and seven (●" Video 1, 2), three, and two coils were deployed in the remaining three patients. All the coils were delivered into the perforating feeding vein, with the aim of forming a mesh to block the flow of blood. The diameter of the perforating feeding vein in the four patients was 13mm, 12mm, 8mm, and 6 mm. The coils were selected depending on their expected size once they were coiled, which was approximately 20% greater that the caliber of the perforating vessels. The gastric varices were eradicated in three of the four patients (75%). Nomigration or complications were observed in these three patients on follow up at a mean of 5 months after the procedure (range 1–13 months). Although (EUS)guided coil embolization therapy is a technically demanding procedure, our preliminary experience shows it can be carried out in less than 30 minutes. The overall mortality was 25%, however, this was not related to the procedure. Larger series are warranted to further evaluate this technique.
Reply to Gove and Tudor's Comment on "Sex Differences and Psychiatric Disorders"

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Surfactant protein D multimerization and gene polymorphism in COPD and asthma

A structural single nucleotide polymorphism rs721917 in the surfactant protein D (SP‐D) gene, known as Met11Thr, was reported to influence the circulating levels and degree of multimerization of SP‐D and was associated with both COPD and atopy in asthma. Moreover, disease‐related processes are known to degrade multimerized SP‐D, however, the degree of the protein degradation in these diseases is not clarified. We aimed to determine the distribution of multimerized (high molecular weight (HMW)) and non‐multimerized (low molecular weight (LMW)) species of serum SP‐D and their correlation with genetic polymorphisms and presence of disease in Lebanese COPD and asthmatic patients.
Bioaccessibility and Risk of Exposure to Metals and SVOCs in Artificial Turf Field Fill Materials and Fibers

To reduce maintenance costs, municipalities and schools are starting to replace natural grass fields with a new generation synthetic turf. Unlike Astro‐Turf, which was first introduced in the 1960s, synthetic field turf provides more cushioning to athletes. Part of this cushioning comes from materials like crumb rubber infill, which is manufactured from recycled tires and may contain a variety of chemicals. The goal of this study was to evaluate potential exposures from playing on artificial turf fields and associated risks to trace metals, semi‐volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by examining typical artificial turf fibers (n = 8), different types of infill (n = 8), and samples from actual fields (n = 7). Three artificial biofluids were prepared, which included: lung, sweat, and digestive fluids. Artificial biofluids were hypothesized to yield a more representative estimation of dose than the levels obtained from total extraction methods. PAHs were routinely below the limit of detection across all three biofluids, precluding completion of a meaningful risk assessment. No SVOCs were identified at quantifiable levels in any extracts based on a match of their mass spectrum to compounds that are regulated in soil. The metals were measurable but at concentrations for which human health risk was estimated to be low. The study demonstrated that for the products and fields we tested, exposure to infill and artificial turf was generally considered de minimus, with the possible exception of lead for some fields and materials.
The competencies of Registered Nurses working in care homes: a modified Delphi study

Background registered Nurses (RNs) working in UK care homes receive most of their training in acute hospitals. At present the role of care home nursing is underdeveloped and it is seen as a low status career. We describe here research to define core competencies for RNs working in UK care homes. Methods a two-stage process was adopted. A systematic literature review and focus groups with stakeholders provided an initial list of competencies. The competency list was modified over three rounds of a Delphi process with a multi-disciplinary expert panel of 28 members. Results twenty-two competencies entered the consensus process, all competencies were amended and six split. Thirty-one competencies were scored in round two, eight were agreed as essential, one competency was split into two. Twenty-four competencies were submitted for scoring in round three. In total, 22 competencies were agreed as essential for RNs working in care homes. A further 10 competencies did not reach consensus. Conclusion the output of this study is an expert-consensus list of competencies for RNs working in care homes. This would be a firm basis on which to build a curriculum for this staff group.