Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vortex Shedding From Circular and Rectangular Cylinders Placed Horizontally in a Turbulent Flow

In this study, vortex sheddings from cylinders of circular and rectangular cross-sections of finite length which spanned the mid-height of the test section of a horizontal wind tunnel, were determined experimentally. Three rectangular models having width-to-height ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 were considered. Hot-film measurements in the wake of these models were carried out at Reynolds numbers in the range 1\times104-2\times105. From these measurements, spectral density distributions depending on model¹s width-to-height ratio, blockage, angle of incidence and Reynolds number in the wake were determined.
Inter-temporal CAPM: an empirical test with Brazilian market data

This paper examines the empirical validity of the Inter-temporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM) with Brazilian market data. The Bali and Engle (2010) methodology is used with the estimation of conditional covariances between stock portfolio returns and pricing factors. The covariances are then used as explanatory variables in the pricing equation. The results validate the model for the 1988 to 2012 period. The estimated risk aversion coefficient is positive and significant, and the relevant pricing factors are interest rates, inflation and gold prices; the reverse is true in the case of the exchange rate. Breaking up the sample period into sub-periods indicates that major events (changes in economic regimes and the 2008 crisis) are capable of modifying the associations observed and reducing the model’s validity.
Competing on Quality and Environment

Almost all commercial activities in the world revolve around products and services, which involves physical items and human efforts respectively. Quality in both cases is very valuable to the customers and is thus responsible for survival of an organization. The new era of communication and globalization has affected the meanings of quality in a broader sense that also includes the influence of the environment and vice versa. Thus “quality” and “environment”, which seem to be two distinct issues, are in fact superimposed on each other; one cannot be achieved without the other. Competing on Quality and Environment , by Christian N. Madu, has integrated these two important issues that are shaping the future of business in the new millennium, and focused on what organizations need to do in order to create value to customers.
Antioxidant activity and in-vitro Potential inhibition of Nigella sativa and Saussurea lappa against LDL oxidation among Sundance

It’s well documented that oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a major role in the modification of atherosclerosis. Nigella sativa (NS) and Saussurea lappa (SL) in literature documented as a good antioxidant.To undertaken to evaluate the ability of NS and SL for inhibition of LDL oxidation in-vitro, in fact Nigella sativa and Saussurea lappa LDL was collected by ultracentrifugation and enhanced to oxidize by CuSO4 and NS and SL were used to inhibit LDL oxidation in-vitro. Free radical scavenging of 50% of radicals of DPPH and phenolic content of both herbals were measured to assess the antioxidant activity and compared with standard antioxidant (vitamin E). The inhibitory effect of NS, SL and vitamin E against oxidation ratio was significantly better than in non addition of both herbals (p<0.01); NS was better than SL (p<0.01); and comparable with vitamin E. Both herbals possess good antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals and have high phenolic contents enable it to inhibit LDL oxidation in-vitro. NS and SL possess strong antioxidant activity comparable with vitamin E and good for cardiovascular health.
Observation of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fry-Fingerlings Rearing in a Greenhouse during Winter Period

An experiment was conducted in open and inside greenhouse condition to identify the influence of water temperature on fish growth and survival at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), India, during winter period (November, 2004 – February, 2005). The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry 26.15 + 0.44 g (total mean weight + S.D.) grew to 116.40 + 0.92g, 112.80 + 0.62g, 90.20 + 2.45g and 81.30 + 2.60 g in 105 days in tank 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In all the tanks, the fish appeared healthy and no mortality was observed. Inside greenhouse fish production showed significantly (p<0.05) higher in comparison with open system. Days 0-15 specific growth rate increased and decreasing trend was observed between 15-90 days. The observed body weight was highly correlated (r = 0.99) with predicted body weight. Feed conversion efficiencies (FCE) differed among all tanks, the highest FCE being found inside greenhouse and lowest in open condition. Water quality parameters were acceptable range for fish culture in both the condition. Results show that in even span greenhouse, water temperature can be increased (3.58 – 6.79 oC) compared with outside tanks in the composite climate of New Delhi.
Calidad de vida relacionada a la salud bucal en escolares de Sayausí, Cuenca Ecuador

1 Carrera de Odontología, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador. 2 Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú. a Cirujano Dentista; Especialista en Docencia Universitaria; Diplomado en Estética Dental; Maestrando en Estomatología; Docente Principal. b Cirujano Dentista, Especialista en Salud Pública, Magíster en Estomatología. Docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Calidad de vida relacionada a la salud bucal en escolares de Sayausí, Cuenca Ecuador
Some remarks on Radon-Nikodym compact spaces

The class of quasi Radon–Nikodým compact spaces is introduced. We prove that this class is closed under countable products and continuous images. It includes the Radon–Nikodým compact spaces. Adapting Alster’s proof we show that every quasi Radon–Nikodým and Corson compact space is Eberlein. This generalizes earlier results by J. Orihuela, W. Schachermayer, M. Valdivia and C. Stegall. Further the class of almost totally disconnected spaces is defined and it is shown that every quasi Radon–Nikodým space which is almost totally disconnected is actually a Radon–Nikodým compact space embeddable in the space of probability measures on a scattered compact space.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and Rhizobium combinations are the key to reduce dependence on phosphorus fertilizers in lentil - A review

Improved agricultural technologies are helping in meeting the foodgrain needs of growing global population while the arable land is shrinking. So, the excessive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers has ensured the high crop production and productivity of foodgrains. However, continuous application of inorganic fertilizers has created many problems related to biosphere i.e. environmental, soil and human being. In recent years, the scientists are concerned about biosphere hazardous; thus, reducing the extra burden of inorganic fertilizers by using microbial inoculants for integrated nutrient management. The microbial inoculations supplement the plant growth and yield by direct ways (increase in supply of nutrients i.e. nitrogen, production of metabolites such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins as well as through the solubilization of phosphate and other minerals) and indirect ways (biofertilizers eliminate the pathogens by the production of cyanide, siderophores, chitinase etc.). The microbial inoculation stimulates the plant to use applied as well as fixed nutrients i.e. phosphate efficiently, thus helps to reduce the fertilizers input. Secondly, biofertilizers are considered as economically feasible and environmentally safe.
The Role of Doctoral Education in Early Career Academic Development

CITATION: Frick, L. et al. 2016. The Role of Doctoral Education in Early Career Academic Development, in M. Fourie-Malherbe, R. Albertyn, C. Aitchison & E. Bitzer. (eds.). Postgraduate Supervision: Future Foci for the Knowledge Society. Stellenbosch: SUN PRESS. 203-219. doi:10.18820/9781928357223/12.
Maze training improves learning in an Alzheimer model of rat

Background: Alzheimer is a Progressive dementia disease along with destruction of brain neurons and severe deficiency of memory. The present work was designed to assess the effect of the maze training in improvement of learning behavior of the Alzheimeric rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out on 20 Wistar male rats randomly divided in 2 groups. One group that receiving a dose of beta-amyloid intraventriculrly characterized as alzheimeric rats (ALZ). In the control group (CO) the animals were injected saline at the same volume. To assess spatial learning of the animals in the first phase of the experiment they were introduced to the Morris water maze to locate on fixed hidden platform during 4 trials/day for 5 days. Probe test was applied to evaluate the memory retrieval. In the second phase the same procedure was repeated after 20 days. The measured parameters were the time elapsed and distance passed in during the maze searching. Results: Our findings indicated that in the first phase of experiment, the time elapsed and distance passed for the CO group were decreased compared to the ALZ group. In the second phase, however, significant variation was observable between the two tested groups. There was no significant difference between the performance of the CO and ALZ groups in probe trial testing. Conclusion: It seems that the behavioral training positively influenced the maze learning in the ALZ subjects so that however both groups behaved similarly in the second phase of the experiment.
Exploring antecedents and consequences of burnout in a call centre

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between six characteristics of call centre work environments, burnout, affective commitment and turnover intentions. These characteristics were competing management goals, work overload, electronic performance monitoring, lack of career opportunities, lack of skill variety and emotional labour. A convenient sample of employees (N = 146) was obtained from a call centre. Multiple regression analysis showed that work overload, lack of career opportunities, skill variety and emotional labour were the most important predictors of burnout. Burnout had a direct effect on turnover intentions. Affective commitment partially mediated the relationship between burnout and turnover intention.
Provision of Multilevel Public Goods through Positive Externalities: Experimental Evidence

The provision of public goods regularly embodies interrelated spheres of influence on multiple scales. This article examines the nature of human behavior in a multilevel social dilemma game with positive provision externalities to local and global scales. We report experimental results showing that the behavior in multilevel games is strongly driven by asymmetric conditional cooperation prioritizing local level externalities. Our findings demonstrate how individuals adjust their behavior over time to local conditions. We do not find significant adjustment to the global group average, suggesting that the local group creates a salient reference group for social comparisons in multilevel public goods provision. Our results emphasize the importance of building strong local level commitment when designing institutional responses to promote sustainable provision of globally important public goods like the global climate.
Optimizing the process of inactivating influenza virus subtype H9N2 by formalin in the production of killed avian influenza vaccine

Avian influenza is one of the most important diseases in avian industry, which also threats human population. Thus, vaccination is necessary for controlling this viral disease. In this study, killed vaccine of avian influenza subtype H9N2 and formalin solution (for virus inactivation) were used. It is necessary to study the effect of different factors such as formalin concentration, as well as incubation temperature and duration on inactivation process. For this purpose, after preparation and measurement of antibody titers of vaccinal strains of avian influenza, 27 experimental samples of H9N2 avian influenza virus were prepared at different formalin concentrations (0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.025%), at different incubation temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C), and in different incubation durations (12, 18, and 24 h). In addition, three control samples were prepared at three different test temperatures without adding formalin. All the samples were evaluated by inactivation test, hemagglutination assay, and measurement of free formaldehyde. All the experiments were repeated within three consecutive periods. Considering the findings and destructive effects of long incubation durations at 37°C on antigens, the temperature of 25 °C was more suitable. Furthermore, the free formaldehyde amounts at different concentrations at 25 °C were slightly different in comparison with 37 °C. Therefore, formalin concentration of 0.1% at 25 °C completely inactivated the virus within 24 h and was proposed as the optimal condition.
Leptin Gene Expression in Rabbits During Pregnancy and Fetal Life

Leptin may act as the critical link between adipose tissue and reproduction. Although considerable progress has been achieved in understanding the reproductive actions of leptin, much work is needed for understanding its physiological role. Till now, no data has been published about the distribution and expression levels of leptin in the rabbit maternal adipose tissue, placenta, and various fetal rabbit tissues during pregnancy and postpartum. Our results indicated that circulating leptin levels in rabbit serum during pregnancy were significantly higher than in postpartum and non pregnant rabbits. Furthermore, leptin showed positive correlations with body weight and estrogen and negative correlation with progesterone in pregnant and postpartum rabbits. RT-PCR verified the presence of RNAs encoding leptin in the rabbit maternal perirenal adipose tissue, placenta, and several fetal tissues; including brain, liver, adipose tissue, and bone. The relative abundance of leptin RNA in rabbit maternal adipose was significantly higher at 20 th day of pregnancy than that of non pregnant rabbits, while it was significantly decreased at 2 nd day after parturition. No significant changes in the placental leptin RNA levels were noticed in pregnant rabbits at 10 th , 20 th , and 30 th day of pregnancy. The relative abundance of fetal leptin transcripts at day 30 th of pregnancy was in the order of liver> bone ? adipose tissue > brain. The present study provides new evidence for the distribution and expression levels of leptin in the rabbit maternal and fetal tissues during pregnancy and supports the importance of leptin in reproductive physiology and fetal development.
Positioning strategies adopted by large audit firms in Kenya

In the global market and developing economies like Kenya, competition among firms grows quickly while market share gets narrower by the day. In order to gain new markets and retain existing ones, firms strategize to gain superiority over their rivals by positioning their products, services and their brands aimed at consumer behavior and perceptions. Positioning is therefore regarded as the development of the image of a product or service in the minds o f clients directly against that offered by competitors. The objective of this study was to establish positioning strategies adopted by 16 large audit firms in Kenya. The study used descriptive design. Data was collected from 5 senior managers from each firm. The managers played the role of key informants on various aspects of positioning strategies employed by their firms. Each manager represented a distinct area of focus in their respective firms. A total of 32 managers responded. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect the data which was analyzed using MS Excel Spreadsheet. The study found that 100% of the audit finns used product positioning strategies, price positioning strategies, cultural symbols and competitor positioning strategies to gain and retain the market share where they control more than 70% of the market. The study further established that these firms concentrated on product responsiveness attribute in their positioning strategies while adopting time and location pricing strategies to stand out from their competitors. Further still, brand name and competitor positioning were very much in use by the surveyed audit finns as preferred positioning strategies. The study therefore concluded that the firms used different positioning strategies including product leadership, operational superiority and customer intimacy all at the same time. The choice of different positioning strategies has worked effectively for some in terms o f growth of customer base and profitability while others are still struggling.
Emotions Shape Decisions through Construal Level: The Case of Guilt and Shame

Four experiments show that emotions systematically influence judgments and persuasion by altering construal levels. Guilt-laden consumers, relative to those who were shame-laden, adopted lower levels of construal. In subsequent unrelated judgments, guilt increased reliance on feasibility over desirability attributes and emphasized secondary rather than primary features. Shame led to the opposite pattern. Guilt's tendency to draw behavior-specific appraisals activates local appraisal tendencies and endows lower construal levels, whereas shame's tendency to implicate the entire self activates global appraisal tendencies and endows consumers with higher construal levels. As a boundary condition to the core effect, the results showed that the differences between guilt and shame only held when the emotions arose from actions rather than from inaction situations. These findings provide insight into when and why guilt and shame have different effects on subsequent decisions.
Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFI) Surveillance in KwekweDistrict, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe, 2009-2010

Introduction: The outpatient surveillance system in Kwekwe district reported 86 AEFI cases in 2009. No surveillance forms were completed for these cases. This study was therefore conducted to identify reasons for this anomaly. Methods: Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect data on knowledge, usefulness and system attributes from health workers and caregivers of under-fives who were found at 18/33 health facilities in the district. Results: None of 61 nurses interviewed could correctly define an AEFI. AEFI notification and investigation forms were available at 6/18 health facilities. None of the health facilities had AEFI case definitions displayed. Reasons for failure to notify cases included lack of training on the system 56(91.8%), unavailability of stationary 43(70.5%) and mothers not knowledgeable on AEFIs 21(34.6%). The surveillance system was found to be acceptable. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge on AEFI surveillance procedures was the main challenge. As a result, 150(45%) nurses were trained in AEFI surveillance and surveillance forms were distributed to all health facilities.
Genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium and population structure among CIMMYT maize inbred lines, selected for heat tolerance study

Rising temperatures has led to reduced maize yields in tropical and sub tropical countries. This provides the necessity for identifying the diverse inbred lines that can produce high yielding hybrids under high temperature regimes. With this view, the present study was conducted to analyse the extent of genetic diversity and population structure among 64 CIMMYT maize inbred lines using SNP markers derived from GBS (Genotyping by sequencing) along with characterization of haplotype blocks and linkage disequilibrium. The average polymorphic information content (0.37) and gene diversity was very high (0.5) with mean kinship coefficients of 0.28 and genetic distance more than 0.4 between pair of two inbred lines. Clustering analysis based on ward’s method and euclid- ian distance showed presence of three sub groups. The population structure analysis using principle components showed three sub population. The average physical distance between pairs of markers was 27.7 kb with linkage disequilibrium (LD) estimation (r2) of 0.36 across all chromosomes, with rapid LD decay of 6.34 kb at r2 = 0.2. Haplotype analysis with 75,664 SNPs under confidence interval model revealed 616 haplotype blocks across all chromosomes with highest number of blocks on chromosome 5. The results clearly indicate the uniqueness of the majority of the inbred lines, which can contribute to new alleles in breeding programs for heat tolerance.
Impact of rare earth element-enriched yeast on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and fecal microflora in finishing pigs

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate effects of rare earth element-enriched yeast (RY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and fecal microbial flora in finishing pigs. A total of 100 finishing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in a two-phase feeding trial. Pigs were randomly assigned to five treatments according to their initial body weight (five pens per treatment, two gilts and two barrows per pen). Treatments were basal diets, free of antibiotics [negative control (NC)]; NC + 500, 1000, and 1500 mg kg-1, respectively, of RY; antibiotics diets, NC + 500 mg kg-1 of tiamulin [positive control (PC)]. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased linearly with increasing level of RY in diets. At the end of the experiment, blood lymphocyte concentration and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and gross energy increased linearly in pigs fed the increasing level of RY in diets. The better ADG, G:F, and fecal Lactobacillus counts were observed in both RY and PC groups compared with the NC group. In conclusion, diets with RY improved growth performance, digestibility, blood lymphocyte counts, and fecal Lactobacillus counts in finishing pigs, and RY may be considered as an alternative to antibiotics.
A Preliminary Study on the Factors Related to Students' Occupational and Academic Pursuits in Computing

This research draws on the theory of planned behaviour to investigate the factors that are related to students’ occupational and academic pursuits in computing. The findings of this research may help manpower planners, educators, and career counsellors understand why students are attracted to the computing profession. Effective plans can then be established to relieve the shortage of computer professionals. This study has collected the required data for analysis. The researcher will present the results during the conference.
THE DETERMINATION OF PLASMA NOREPINEPHRINE AND EPINEPHRINE IN DAIRY COWS AND SWAMP BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS) USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION

In the present study, we report on the level of norepinephrine and epinephrine in healthy cattle, using high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-EC). Sixteen crossbred Holstein dairy cows (> 87.5% Holstein) and fifteen swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), which included both sexes, were included. In the dairy cows, the plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations (mean ± SE) were 3.89 ± 0.51 nM and 0.82 + 0.12 nM, respectively. The concentrations of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine in buffaloes (mean ± SE) were 3.75 ± 0.51 and 1.82 ± 0.45 nM, respectively.