Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of spatio-temporal distributions of particle parameters from multiwavelength lidar measurements using the linear estimation technique and comparison with AERONET

The results of the application of the linear es- timation technique to multiwavelength Raman lidar mea- surements performed during the summer of 2011 in Green- belt, MD, USA, are presented. We demonstrate that multi- wavelength lidars are capable not only of providing verti- cal profiles of particle properties but also of revealing the spatio-temporal evolution of aerosol features. The nighttime 3 + 1 lidar measurements on 21 and 22 July were in- verted to spatio-temporal distributions of particle microphys- ical parameters, such as volume, number density, effective radius and the complex refractive index. The particle vol- ume and number density show strong variation during the night, while the effective radius remains approximately con- stant. The real part of the refractive index demonstrates a slight decreasing tendency in a region of enhanced extinc- tion coefficient. The linear estimation retrievals are stable and provide time series of particle parameters as a func- tion of height at 4 min resolution. AERONET observations are compared with multiwavelength lidar retrievals showing good agreement.
Etiology and Assessment of Hypercoagulability with Lessons from Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Hypercoagulability, or thrombophilia, is a condition associated with an abnormally increased tendency toward blood clotting. Affected individuals are prone to developing venous or arterial thrombosis and often require thromboprophylaxis. Hypercoagulability can be generally classified as either an inherited or acquired condition. Patients with an inherited thrombophilia have genetic variances that alter the quality or quantity of proteins involved with hemostasis. Hypercoagulability may also be acquired and develop as an exaggeration of normal physiologic responses to major tissue injury, or an abnormal response to various prothrombotic clinical factors. Careful assessment for hypercoagulability is important because effective management strategies, often involving anticoagulation, may be available. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is an example of an acquired hypercoagulable state that has been well studied and, when recognized, responds to appropriate therapy. In this article, we review the etiology, risks, and assessment of thrombophilia, with emphasis on the clinical lessons learned from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Histo-blood group antigens and susceptibility to infection with norovirus genogroup II genotype 4.

less of the HIV status of the child [5]. Furthermore, no baseline data comparing CD4 cell percentage, World Health Organization (WHO) stage, children’s age, or caregivers’ age between the groups were provided. In univariate analysis, the authors found a protective hazard ratio of 0.26 (95% confidence interval, 0.07– 0.95; P .041) for children cared for by an HIV-positive primary caregiver. However, having examined no fewer than 16 variables in univariate analysis, there was a 56% probability of finding at least 1 association with a P value of . 05 by chance. The multivariate model included 9 variables divided into 20 categories, limiting the robustness of the model, especially considering the small number of events. The only variables showing some evidence of association with mortality were chronic gastroenteritis and the HIV status of the primary caregiver. The lack of power in the study to provide evidence of an association between WHO stage and mortality in the multivariate analysis is of concern. More-rigorous research into the outcomes of children cared for by HIVpositive caregivers, HIV-negative caregivers, and caregivers of unknown status— and into how to best implement effective family-centered care—is clearly required. In the meantime, family-centered HIV services should be implemented for the reasons outlined in our review, including ensuring timely diagnosis in and clinical care for HIV-positive caregivers.
Voluntary Disclosure of GHG Emission Information by Australian Companies

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Can We Identify with a Block? Identification with Non-anthropomorphic Avatars in Virtual Reality Games

This article explores identification with non-anthropomorphic avatars in a virtual reality game and its relationship to arousal and valence. Fifty-six male and female participants played a virtual game in a 360º stereoscopic immersive interactive visualization environment using either body movement or a joystick. A scale was developed to test identification with the block that represented each participant in the game. A gender effect occurred in which males that played using body movement experienced significantly higher identification than males that played with a joystick. Also, within the entire sample a positive correlation was found between identification and arousal as well as between identification and valence. Results suggest that identification might not be a process exclusively related to anthropomorphic characters.
Winning Combinations: The Coming Wave of Entrepreneurial Partnerships Between Large and Small Companies

THE INNOVATION IMPERATIVE. Business at the Brink. Completing the Value Chain: Trap or Trajectory? Home-Grow, Bankroll, Buy or Partner? Choices for Large Corporations. Beaver, Bear, Monkey, or Kangaroo? Choices for Entrepreneurs. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PARTNERSHIPS. Making Partnerships Work: Principles and Practices for Success. Potential Pitfalls: What Can Go Wrong. GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL PARTNERSHIPS. Japanese Entrepreneurship: The Power of Kaizen and Keiretsu. Entrepreneurial Non-Partners in the United Kingdom: The Case of the Missing Middle. Entrepreneurial Partnerships in Sweden: An Opportunity Waiting to Happen. Central European Entrepreneurship: Spotlight on Hungary. Afterword. Index.
Trends in surgery for childhood rhabdomyosarcoma

Total excision remains the aim of surgical management for rhabdomyosarcomas in children, but effective adjunctive treatment for the majority of these tumors permits preservation of function and appearance in situations where formerly these were sacrificed. Control of residual tumor in microscopic quantity can now be achieved by chemotherapy in the majority of cases. The coordination of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy has reduced the need for ultra‐radical extirpative procedures. The following conservative trends have evolved: 1) Amputations are rarely indicated for tumors of the extremities. 2) Primary irradiation for orbital tumors may obviate exenteration and save the eye. 3) Multilating excisions for head and neck tumors can often be avoided. 4) Prophylactic regional lymph node dissections are usually not indicated. 5) Primary tumors of the bladder or prostate can usually be managed by anterior exenteration.
Business Intelligence in Economic Forecasting: Technologies and Techniques

With the rapid development of economic globalization and information technology, the field of economic forecasting continues its expeditious advancement, providing business and government with applicable technologies. Business Intelligence in Economic Forecasting: Technologies and Techniques discusses various Business Intelligence techniques including neural networks, support vector machine, genetic programming, clustering analysis, [email protected], fuzzy systems, text mining, and many more. This publication serves as a valuable reference for professionals and researchers interested in BI technologies and their practical applications in economic forecasting, as well as policy makers in business organizations and governments.
A phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Arachnida, Araneae)

We present the first cladistic analysis focused at the tribal and subfamily level of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae. The data matrix of 82 characters scored for 57 araneid genera of 6 subfamilies and 19 tribes (and 13 genera from 8 outgroup families) resulted in 16 slightly different, most parsimonious trees. Successive weighting corroborated 62 of the 66 informative nodes on these cladograms; one is recommended as the ‘working’ araneid phylogeny. The sister group of Araneidae is all other Araneoidea. Araneidae comprises two major clades: the subfamily Araneinae, and the ‘argiopoid’ clade, which includes all other subfamilies and most tribes (((Gasteracanthinae, Caerostreae), (((Micratheninae, Xylethreae),Encyosaccus), (Eurycorminae, Arciinae)), Cyrtarachninae), ((Argiopinae, Cyrtophorinae), Arachnureae)). Cyrtarachneae and Mastophoreae are united in a new subfamily, Cyrtarachninae. The spiny orb-weavers alone (Gasteracanthinae and Micratheninae) are not monophyletic. The mimetid subfamily Arciinae and the ‘tetragnathid’ genusZygiellaare araneids, butNephila(and other tetragnathids) are not. On the preferred tree, web decorations (stabilimenta) evolved 9 times within 15 genera, and were lost once. The use of silk to subdue prey evolved once in cribellate and four times in ecribillate orb weavers. Sexual size dimorphism evolved once in nephilines, twice in araneids, and reverted to monomorphism five times. Evolution in other genitalic and somatic characters is also assessed; behavioral and spinneret features are most consistent (male genitalia, leg and prosomal features least consistent) on the phylogeny.
Production network positions, innovation orientation and environmental dynamics: an empirical analysis of Chinese firms

In recent years, local Chinese firms have begun to join global production networks and leverage their local network to enlarge their manufacturing industry. As Chinese firms expand their production networks, their performance may improve due to their innovative use of such networks to diffuse information/knowledge. However, a survey of 171 Chinese firms found that simultaneously pursuing both central and intermediate network positions creates conflict even though both positions positively affect performance. Innovation orientation and environmental dynamics are the areas in which network position affects performance. In highly dynamic environments and for firms with innovation orientations, an intermediate position can improve performance. Conversely, central positions can improve performance for high innovation orientations in less dynamic environments. These results indicate that firms should consider the fitness of the various network positions, innovation strategies and environmental dynamics when expanding their production networks.
CHANGES IN URINARY MONOAMINE METABOLITES WITH ANTIPSYCHOTIC TREATMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Objective: Monoamine neurotransmitters have been considered important mediators of schizophrenia pathology and antipsychotic drug action. This study examines the level of monoamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), monoamine metabolites of major neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine, respectively in urine of patients with schizophrenia as compared to normal controls and the change in monoamine metabolites with antipsychotic treatment. Methods: Thirty-four drug-free patients with schizophrenia diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria and 15 normal controls were taken for the study. Patients were assessed for psychopathology using positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scale at baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment. Urinary monoamine metabolites (HVA, 5-HIAA, and VMA) were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was a trend toward higher levels of HVA and VMA in the patients as compared to controls. There was a trend toward reduction in 5-HIAA levels with treatment in patients with schizophrenia. No correlation was found between the levels of monoamine metabolites and psychopathology. Significant positive correlation was found between 5-HIAA with VMA and HVA. Conclusion: The present study indicates that noninvasive measurement of monoamine metabolites in urine may be of value in differentiating patients with schizophrenia from controls. Keywords: Monoamine, Homovanillic acid, 5-Hydroxy indole acetic acid, Vanillyl mandelic acid, Schizophrenia.
The Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Mediates the Antagonist Effect of L-Arginine On Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Background/Aims: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the most common cause of acute renal injury. I/R-induced oxidative stress is involved in the development of acute renal injury, which can be reversed by supplementation with L-arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide (NO). This study was conducted to evaluate alterations in the expression of transcription factors [nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)] and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the kidney of I/R-induced injury rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Group 1, Sham; group 2, I/R; group 3, L-arginine; and group 4, L-arginine+zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP). The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum nitric oxide (NO), histic malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined, and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NF-κB, and HSP70 were evaluated. Results: The treatment of rats with L-arginine produced a significant reduction in the levels of BUN, Scr, MDA and a significant enhancement in the level of NO and in the activity of SOD compared to renal I/R groups. The expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and HSP70 were strongly increased, and the expression of NF-κB and production of ROS were significantly decreased in the L-arginine group compared to that of the I/R group. ZnPP increased renal damage and displayed effects opposite to those of L-arginine. Conclusion: These findings suggested that L-arginine/NO reduces renal dysfunction associated with I/R of the kidney and may act as a trigger to regulate the NF-κB, HSP70 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascades.
Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy: Analyzing the role of three demographic consumer characteristics

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify how demographic consumer characteristics influence and interact with consumer ethnocentrism on willingness to buy. The authors analyze the direct effects of selected characteristics on the tendency for consumer ethnocentrism. Further, the moderating effects of these consumer characteristics are investigated.Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered from 361 consumers in Australia. Data analysis was conducted using regression analysis with interactions and post hoc slope analysis.Findings – The empirical findings show that consumer tendencies for ethnocentrism are directly influenced by characteristics of the customer. The authors also find that the strength of the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy is influenced by customer characteristics. Specifically, age and gender are found to be important moderators of the consumer ethnocentrism‐willingness to buy relationship.Research limitations/implications – The results of t.
Fungal Planet description sheets: 128–153

Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Catenulostroma corymbiae from Corymbia, Devriesia stirlingiae from Stirlingia, Penidiella carpentariae from Carpentaria, Phaeococcomyces eucalypti from Eucalyptus, Phialophora livistonae from Livistona, Phyllosticta aristolochiicola from Aristolochia, Clitopilus austroprunulus on sclerophyll forest litter of Eucalyptus regnans and Toxicocladosporium posoqueriae from Posoqueria. Several species are also described from South Africa, namely: Ceramothyrium podocarpi from Podocarpus, Cercospora chrysanthemoides from Chrysanthemoides, Devriesia shakazului from Aloe, Penidiella drakensbergensis from Protea, Strelitziana cliviae from Clivia and Zasmidium syzygii from Syzygium. Other species include Bipolaris microstegii from Microstegium and Synchaetomella acerina from Acer (USA), Brunneiapiospora austropalmicola from Rhopalostylis (New Zealand), Calonectria pentaseptata from Eucalyptus and Macadamia (Vietnam), Ceramothyrium melastoma from Melastoma (Indonesia), Collembolispora aristata from stream foam (Czech Republic), Devriesia imbrexigena from glazed decorative tiles (Portugal), Microcyclospora rhoicola from Rhus (Canada), Seiridium phylicae from Phylica (Tristan de Cunha, Inaccessible Island), Passalora lobeliae-fistulosis from Lobelia (Brazil) and Zymoseptoria verkleyi from Poa (The Netherlands). Valsalnicola represents a new ascomycete genus from Alnus (Austria) and Parapenidiella a new hyphomycete genus from Eucalyptus (Australia). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are also provided.
Pathogenesis and Pathology of COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation. Since flow is the result of a driving pressure that promotes flow and of an opposing resistance that contradicts it, the reduction in flow observed in COPD has two main components: increased resistance, which is due to airway obstruction, and a loss of the elastic recoil pressure of the lung, which is due to parenchymal destruction. Although it has long been known that the major site of increased resistance in COPD is the peripheral airways, recent studies have shown that central airways are involved in the disease as well. The purpose of this review is to describe the major structural and cellular changes present in peripheral airways, central airways and lung parenchyma of patients with COPD, and to underline the possible mechanisms contributing to airflow limitation in these subjects.
The Influence of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Employee Performance and Organizational Commitment A Case Study in the UAE Public Sector

ii Acknowledgement iii Disclaimer iv List of Figures vii List of Tables viii Chapter 1.0: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Abu Dhabi Government and the Need for Change 2 1.3 Problem Statement and Agency Approach 3 1.4 Research Purpose Statement 5 1.5 Organization of Dissertation 6 Chapter 2.0: Literature Review 7 2.1 Leadership and Development of Leadership Theories 7 2.2 Leadership Style and Organizational Commitment 15 2.3 Leadership Style and Organizational Performance 20 2.4 Leadership and Culture 23 2.5 Summary of Research Hypotheses 34 Chapter 3.0: Case Study 35 Chapter 4.0: Methodology 45 4.1 Sample 45 4.2 Measures 46 4.3 Methods of Analyses 51 4.4 Research Limitations and Areas Consequently Requiring 53 Future Research Chapter 5.0: Results 54 5.1 Frequencies and Descriptive Statistics 54 5.2 Crosstabulation 55 5.3 Spearman Rank Correlation 59 5.4 Dimension Reduction – Factor Analysis 63
Factors Influencing AIS Effectiveness Among Manufacturing SMEs: Evidence From Malaysia

This study examines accounting information systems (AIS) effectiveness and its influence factors in the specific context of small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. The proposed model examines the impact of AIS sophistication, manager participation in AIS implementation, manager AIS knowledge, manager accounting knowledge, and effectiveness of external experts such as vendors, consultants, government agencies, and accounting firms on AIS effectiveness. We included 232 SMEs registered with the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM) in testing the model. The results show that manager accounting knowledge, and the effectiveness of vendors and accounting firms significantly contributed to AIS effectiveness. Overall, this study suggests that managers of SMEs need to acquire sufficient accounting knowledge to better understand business information requirements. Second, SMEs should engage qualified vendors who have experience and understand unique characteristics of SME to overcome their lack of AIS knowledge. SMEs should also exploit their good relationship with accounting firms to help them implement effective AIS. Finally, it is important for SMEs to learn from AIS implementation so that opportunities can be recognized and priority can be given to those initiatives that support their information needs.
Severe Escherichia coli O111 septicaemia and polyserositis in hens at the start of lay

Three very severe episodes of Escherichia coli infection in hens from the same farm, at the beginning of laying, are reported. They were characterized by no clinical signs, but sudden mortality, from 5 to 10%, with severe lesions of septicaemia and fibrinous polyserositis. A Gram-negative bacterium was consistently isolated in pure culture from tissues. Isolates were typed biochemically as E. coli, but they were lactose negative and non-motile. The serotyping tests typed the isolates as somatic group O111. The isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin, amoxycil and colimycin, and partially sensitive to flumequine, all of which were used for therapy. The disease was reproduced experimentally in both specific pathogen free chickens and commercial layers by intramuscular inoculation of the E. coli, but only in some layers when inoculated by the oro-nasal route. The stress of the onset of lay seemed to be the most probable precipitating cause of the disease.
Comparing the Climate Change Actions, Targets and Performance of UK and US Retailers

It is often held that the UK has been something of a leader in its response to climate change, and that the USA has been more of a laggard. Whilst much of this debate relates to government policy, in this paper we consider whether this is true when it comes to corporate action on climate change. We use the retail sector to explore this question. This sector is important because of its own greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and because of the emissions it influences through its supply chains and value chains. On the basis of extensive reviews of corporate reports and other publically available data, we find that companies in the UK are some way ahead of their US counterparts in terms of the actions they are taking (in particular in relation to their willingness to focus on their supply-chain-related emissions), the ambition of the emission reduction targets that they are setting for themselves, and (while acknowledging the difficulties in making direct performance comparisons) the rates of improvement in their energy consumption and GHG emissions. We therefore conclude that at least some of the wider claims about the relative performance of the UK and the USA on climate change are mirrored in the manner in which corporations are responding to climate change. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment