Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
animation: An R Package for Creating Animations and Demonstrating Statistical Methods

Animated graphs that demonstrate statistical ideas and methods can both attract interest and assist understanding. In this paper we first discuss how animations can be related to some statistical topics such as iterative algorithms, random simulations, (re)sampling methods and dynamic trends, then we describe the approaches that may be used to create animations, and give an overview to the R package animation, including its design, usage and the statistical topics in the package. With the animation package, we can export the animations produced by R into a variety of formats, such as a web page, a GIF animation, a Flash movie, a PDF document, or an MP4/AVI video, so that users can publish the animations fairly easily. The design of this package is flexible enough to be readily incorporated into web applications, e.g., we can generate animations online with Rweb, which means we do not even need R to be installed locally to create animations. We will show examples of the use of animations in teaching statistics and in the presentation of statistical reports using Sweave or knitr. In fact, this paper itself was written with the knitr and animation package, and the animations are embedded in the PDF document, so that readers can watch the animations in real time when they read the paper (the Adobe Reader is required). Animations can add insight and interest to traditional static approaches to teaching statistics and reporting, making statistics a more interesting and appealing subject.
The Obstacles for the Teaching of 8th Grade TR History of Revolution and Kemalism Course According to the Constructivist Approach (An Example of Exploratory Sequential Mixed Method Design).

The aim of this study is to ascertain the problems social studies teachers face in the teaching of topics covered in 8th grade TRHRK Course. The study was conducted in line with explanatory sequential mixed method design, which is one of the mixed research method, was used. The study involves three phases. In the first step, exploratory process was followed, in the second step measurement tool was developed and in the third step the measurement tool was applied to the sample chosen from the universe. In this study, data collection process was realized in two steps. In the first step, qualitative data were collected and later on quantitative data were collected using quantitative measurement tool, which was developed based on qualitative data and then validated. The qualitative study group of the research was determined using criterion sampling, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods. The quantitative study group was determined via double (two-phase) cluster sampling method. In line with the responds provided by the participants, qualitative findings were categorized and presented as 3 themes: (i) inadequacy of course time and the problems caused by intensive content, (ii) adoption of Behaviorist Approach as opposed to constructivism, (iii) Problems caused by perception, attitude towards the course and other factors. Following from this, 23-item quantitative measurement tool was developed and administrated on the qualitative sample of the study composed of 1090 social studies teachers working in 28 cities. Quantitative data indicated that qualitative data can be generalized. As a result, even if the education program of TRHRK is designed according to constructivist approach, traditional, teacher-centered history education based on memorization is continued because of the obstacles defined in the current study.
Particle swarm optimization for multimodal functions: a clustering approach

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is designed to find a single optimal solution and needs some modifications to be able to locate multiple optima on a multimodal function. In parallel with evolutionary computation algorithms, these modifications can be grouped in the framework of niching. In this work, we present a new approach to niching in PSO based on clustering particles to identify niches. The neighborhood structure, on which particles rely for communication, is exploited together with the niche information to locate multiple optima in parallel. Our approach was implemented in the k-means-based PSO (kPSO), which employs the standard k-means clustering algorithm, improved with a mechanism to adaptively identify the number of clusters. kPSO proved to be a competitive solution when compared with other existing algorithms, since it showed better performance on a benchmark set of multimodal functions.
Research perspectives on bilingualism and multilingualism

Book synopsis: As globalization has increased awareness of the extent of language contact and linguistic diversity, questions concerning bilingualism and multilingualism have taken on an increasing importance from both practical and scholarly points of view. While there is a vast amount of information pertaining to research on bilingual and multilingual individuals and communities there is little information that deals with its methodology from different disciplinary perspectives in a systematic and coherent way. Written by leading experts in the field, The Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and Multilingualism specifically addresses methodological issues, discussing research topics, key concepts and approaches, and the methods and tools for collecting and analyzing data. This useful and timely resource is the first of its kind to link theory to method and data.
Analog combinatorics and cellular automata-key algorithms and layout design

This paper demonstrates how certain logic and combinatorial tasks can be solved using CNNs. The most important application generalizes a shortest path algorithm to design the layout of printed circuit boards. Besides, it is shown how cellular automata can be simulated on CNN, and tasks, such as sorting, parity analysis, histogram calculation of black-and-white images, and computing minimum Hamming distance are also solved. <<ETX>>
A Guided Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Approach: Impact on Critical Thinking

The impact of the Guided Problem Based Learning (Guided PBL) approach on Critical Thinking (CT) skills in a core business analysis course was examined. The implementation of this approach included using a textbook created for this purpose, which presents problems first, with blank spaces for students to work them out. Discussion of the concepts and theory needed to understand and solve the problems, as well as the solutions, come later in the book. This book is referred to as the Reversed Textbook. Students attempt to answer questions or solve problems in class with instructor guidance as needed, before discussion of theory. Student learning in sections taught prior to implementing the Guided PBL method was compared with student learning in sections taught with the method. Results indicate that the approach motivated learning and improved student performance on a departmental final exam by an average of 9%. When measured on CT questions alone, the improvement was on average 24%. Finally, the Guided PBL approach also improved group task performance by 6%. All the improvements were statistically significant.
Cooperative Partial Message Relaying Based on Distributed Polar Codes for the Two-Relay Network

A cooperative partial message relaying (CPMR) scheme based on distributed polar codes (DPC) is proposed to achieve the maximal decode-and-forward (DF) rate of the stochastically degraded symmetric binary-input two-relay network with orthogonal receiver components (TRN-ORCs). In the proposed scheme, the code design problem of the degraded TRN-ORCs is transformed into a problem of polar codes with CPMR protocol. According to the nested structure of polar codes, the messages transmitted by the source and the first relay are recovered successfully at the two relays, respectively, and then the two relays yield correct partial messages for transmission to solve the uncertainty of the source message at the destination. With the help of the CPMR protocol, the destination should be able to reconstruct the source message correctly. In addition to the practical consideration of the construction of the CPMR protocol based on DPC, we also derived that the block error probability of the proposed scheme can be upper bounded by O(2-Nβ) for any constant β (0 < β < ½), and sufficiently large block length N.
Using paradata to predict best times of contact, conditioning on household and interviewer influences

Summary. Establishing contact is an important part of the response process and effective interviewer calling behaviours are critical in achieving contact and subsequent co‐operation. The paper investigates best times of contact for different types of households and the influence of the interviewer on establishing contact. Recent developments in the survey data collection process have led to the collection of so‐called field process data or paradata, which greatly extend the basic information on interviewer calls. The paper develops a multilevel discrete time event history model based on interviewer call record data to predict the likelihood of contact at each call. The results have implications for survey practice and inform the design of effective interviewer calling times, including responsive survey designs.
The Theory of Search

This is Part III, concluding the series of three papers on The Theory of Search Part I, Kinematic Bases, appeared in Opns. Res. 4, 324–346 (1956) and Part II, Target Detection, in 4, 503–531 (1956). The present paper, while similar in content and results to the third chapter of Search and Screening (O.E.G. Report No. 56, confidential) represents a considerable change in methodology as well as in exposition. The material was first presented by the author at the fall meeting of the Operations Research Society of America in 1953, where it was treated as a natural extension of his paper, The Optimum Distribution of Effort [this Journal, 1, 52–63 (1953)].
Sentics: The touch of emotions

Thank you very much for reading sentics the touch of emotions. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this sentics the touch of emotions, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their laptop. sentics the touch of emotions is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the sentics the touch of emotions is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Towards Successful Application of Phase Change Memories: Addressing Challenges from Write Operations

The emerging Phase Change Memory (PCM) technology is drawing increasing attention due to its advantages in non-volatility, byte-addressability and scalability. It is regarded as a promising candidate for future main memory. However, PCM's write operation has some limitations that pose challenges to its application in memory. The disadvantages include long write latency, high write power and limited write endurance. In this thesis, I present my effort towards successful application of PCM memory. My research consists of several optimizing techniques at both the circuit and architecture level. First, at the circuit level, I propose Differential Write to remove unnecessary bit changes in PCM writes. This is not only beneficial to endurance but also to the energy and latency of writes. Second, I propose two memory scheduling enhancements (AWP and RAWP) for a non-blocking bank design. My memory scheduling enhancements can exploit intra-bank parallelism provided by non-blocking bank design, and achieve significant throughput improvement. Third, I propose Bit Level Power Budgeting (BPB), a fine-grained power budgeting technique that leverages the information from Differential Write to achieve even higher memory throughput under the same power budget. Fourth, I propose techniques to improve the QoS tuning ability of high-priority applications when running on PCM memory. In summary, the techniques I propose effectively address the challenges of PCM's write operations. In addition, I present the experimental infrastructure in this work and my visions of potential future research topics, which could be helpful to other researchers in the area.
An evolution based path planning algorithm for autonomous motion of a UAV through uncertain environments

Adaptive and intelligent on-board path planning is a required part of a fully autonomous UAV. In controlled airspace, such a UAV would have to interact with other vehicles moving though its environment. The locations of obstacles (other vehicles) that form obstructions in the environment may only be known with limited accuracy. Evolutionary algorithms (EA) have been successfully used to compute near-optimal paths through obstructed, dynamically changing environments. Explicitly accounting for the uncertainty of the obstacles can result in the survival of "best" paths which differ from those that would be favored in a purely deterministic environment. In this paper, we consider the application of evolution-based path planning to the motion of an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) through a field of obstacles at uncertain locations. We begin with the static form of the EA algorithm for generating a path at a single point in time. We describe the algorithm and show its behavior, specifically how it responds differently based on the known accuracy of the predictions of the environment. We then show how the static structure can be extended to consider the uncertainties which change with time. We demonstrate by application to path planning through a field of moving obstacles whose future motion is uncertain.
Enabling success in mathematics and statistics: the effects of self-confidence and other factors in a University College

This thesis reports empirical and theoretical research into learning of mathematics and statistics at university level, with particular regard to students views of their self-confidence and experiences, and the effects of these on achievement. This study was conducted at a time of widespread national concern about difficulties in mathematics education in England, particularly at the transition from school to university Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) courses. Factors which affected non-specialist students learning of mathematics and statistics were investigated using student surveys in 2004/5, 2005/6 and 2006/7 (701 questionnaires) in the a-typical setting of a University College specialising in rural and land-based higher education. 52 student interviews were also carried out, primarily in 2008 and 2009, and are referred to but are not the main focus of this thesis. Both deductive and inductive approaches were used. Self-confidence was defined using three Mathematics Self-confidence Domains: Overall Confidence in Mathematics, Topic confidences for specific tasks, and Applications Confidence. Self-confidence was considered a belief, whilst liking of the subjects was an attitude, both forming part of affect , where affect comprised beliefs, attitudes and emotions. Student motivation was also investigated. The survey data, and examination and assignment marks, of engineering students learning mathematics and other non-specialist students learning statistics, were analysed both quantitatively (by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Correlation, Multiple Regression, Factor and Cluster analyses) and qualitatively. Previous success in mathematics, primarily GCSE Mathematics grade, was found to be the greatest determinant of university students success in mathematics and statistics, but self-confidence and other affective variables also had significantly measurable effects. Significant effects on student confidence were also found for gender and dyslexia despite good achievement. Findings indicate that students self-confidence in mathematics does matter, as evidenced by significant relationships between confidence and achievement, but it was also concluded that these inter-relations were complex. Educators are encouraged to adopt student-focussed teaching styles which improve students self-confidence as a means to improving attainment.
Selective attention adaptive resonance theory (SAART) neural network for neuro-engineering of robust ATR systems

This paper presents a novel real-time artificial neural network called selective attention adaptive resonance theory (SAART). SAART is a self-organising neural model that is based on a real-time neural theory of sensory information processing, high level biological vision, visual perception, object recognition and self-organised learning in complex sensory environments. SAART embeds new neural mechanisms (selective presynaptic facilitation and selective presynaptic inhibition) into a dynamic neural network that is capable of selective attention and visual perception. These new features enable the network to learn effectively in noisy inputs and to recognize familiar 2-D patterns of neural activity (representations of object's boundary) in complex, cluttered and noisy background. SAART also provides fundamental neural design principles and neuro-engineering foundations for the design of robust automatic target recognition and neuro-computational vision systems.
Learning to write in higher education: students’ perceptions of an intervention in developing understanding of assessment criteria

This paper reports on the second phase of a project designed to improve students’ understanding of assessment demands. In Stage 1, Level 1 students were involved in a range of activities culminating in peer marking. This peer assessment was, itself, marked by the tutors to encourage students to engage positively with the process. Stage 2 of the project investigated whether these various intervention activities had any long-term impact on sports studies students’ approach to writing assignments. Interviews were conducted with six students who participated in Stage 1. For comparison purposes, a matched group of students from another vocationally-related course were also interviewed. The findings suggest that the peer assessment did encourage students to pay attention to assessment information. However, the students placed greater stress on the role of informal support, particularly verbal clarification of written guidance and feedback. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for practice.
Two-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flows in MATLAB

A robust and efficient numerical method for the simulation of incompressible, immiscible, two-phase flows in two dimensions is presented. Following a comprehensive literature review, the one-fluid model is selected to account for the discontinuities in material properties across the interface. The model uses the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method and the continuum surface force (CSF) model to track the interface and account for the surface tension forces, respectively. Integration in time is accomplished explicitly through the forward Euler method and the Navier-Stokes equations are discretized in space using a second-order upwind biased oscillation free Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) method for the convective terms and a second-order central differencing method for the viscous terms. The velocity-pressure coupling is done using a two step first-order projection method. The interface is reconstructed geometrically using a piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) method and the VOF advection equation is advanced in time using a directional split algorithm. The final numerical algorithm is implemented in MATLAB where the Pressure Poisson Equation (PPE) obtained from the projection method is solved efficiently in a cluster environment using a built-in MATLAB solver. Various benchmark tests are used to validate the algorithm and a grid refinement test is performed to determine its formal order of accuracy. Applicability to practical physical and engineering problems is verified over a wide range of test conditions by using the numerical method for the simulation of the rise of a bubble in a liquid and the falling liquid film flow. For both cases the results compare well with the past experimental and numerical results; the model successfully predicts the shape of the rising bubble and captures the complex wave dynamics of the falling liquid film. In particular, the results are on a par with the numerical results obtained using free-surface flow codes in which the dynamics of the gas phase are ignored in favour of robustness and stability. Using MATLAB to implement and run the final code proves to be advantageous as the native parallel computing capabilities of MATLAB reduces the computational time of the simulations significantly while the data presentation and visualization is facilitated using the built-in tools that MATLAB provides. The final implementation of the algorithm involves less than 200 lines of code which makes it easy for the code to be maintained and improved.
Bis(N-ethylethylenediamine-κ2N,N′)copper(II) -hexacyanocobaltate(III)-water (3/2/4): A two-dimensional ladder structure of a bimetallic assembly

The title compound, poly[[tetra­cyano-octa-μ-cyano-hexa­kis(N-ethyl­ethylenediamine)tricopper(II)dicobaltate(III)] tetra­hydrate], [Cu(C4H12N2)2]3[Co(CN)6]2·4H2O or {[Cu3Co2(CN)12(C4H12N2)6]·4H2O}n, was crystallized from an aqueous reaction mixture containing Cu(ClO4)2, N-ethyl­ethyl­ene­diamine and K3[Co(CN)6] in a self-assembling process. The polymeric chains are extended through –CoIII–CN–CuII– linkages involving four or two cyanide ligands of the centrosymmetric [Co(CN)6]3− complex ions, forming a two-dimensional ladder structure. The CuII atoms, one of which also lies on an inversion centre, have a distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry, the degree of tetra­gonal Jahn–Teller distortion being T = 0.785 and 0.810 (T is the ratio of mean in-plane Cu—N bond lengths to axial Cu—N bond lengths). This local Jahn–Teller distortion results from the anisotropic features of this two-dimensional cyano-bridged structure.
Reasons not to deploy RED

In this paper we examine the benefits of random early detection (RED) by using a testbed made of two commercially available routers and up to 16 PCs to observe RED performance under a traffic load made of FTP transfers, together with HTTP traffic and non-responsive UDP flows. The main results we found were, first, that RED with small buffers does not improve significantly the performance of the network, in particular the overall throughput is smaller than with tail drop and the difference in delay is not significant. Second, parameter tuning in RED remains an inexact science, but has no big impact on the end-to-end performance. We argue that RED deployment is not straightforward, and we strongly recommend more research with realistic network settings to develop a full quantitative understanding of RED. Nevertheless, RED allows us to control the queue size with large buffers.
Software radio - architectural requirements, research and development challenges

Software radio becomes one of the central themes of wireless communications this decade. As the complexity of computations and system requirements of the software radio go beyond the capabilities of current technologies, we identify major technology, development and research issues and the possible approach to its gradual implementation. We present our approach to the software radio implementation and describe a scenario for experimenting with various concepts that will be integrated in software radio. We discuss underlying system architectures, system design tools and their hierarchy, design flow and describe the platform and design flow used in our experiments.