Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RTP analysis for the video transmission process on WhatsApp and Skype against signal strength variations in 802.11 network environments

Today many people communicate using video content over the internet, either one-way, two-way or even multi-way or conference-friendly communication. Skype and WhatsApp are one of them, with a huge number of users around the world. The 802.11 wireless network is still the primary choice to access on the internet, especially for users with indoor mobility. Through the mobile application platform, Skype and WhatsApp service users can move from one place to another. unfortunately, this will create a variation in signal power reception on the device used in the scope of the 802.11 network access point. So in this study, we want to know the response of Skype and WhatsApp application when there is a change of signal strength on 802.11 wireless networks, through analysis of received RTP packets. The data show to us, WhatsApp managed to stream RTP packets of nearly 12 thousand packages, compared to Skype which only revolves around 4800 packages.
Principles of 3D Nucleus Organization and Epigenetic Regulation in Diploid Genome Revealed by Multi-omic Data from Hybrid Mouse

Most mammalian genomes are diploid and previous studies have extensively investigated the average epigenetic profiles of homologous chromosomes. Here we use hybrid mice to distinguish the epigenetic status and three-dimensional organization of homologous chromosomes. We generated Hi-C, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq datasets from CD4 T cells of B6, Cast and hybrid mice, respectively, and systematically analyzed the 3D nucleus organization and epigenetic regulation. Our data indicate that the inter-chromosomal interaction patterns between homologous chromosomes are similar and the similarity is highly correlated with their allelic co-expression levels. Construction of 3D nucleus based on allele-specific interaction frequency revealed symmetric positioning of homologous chromosomes in the 3D nuclear space. The inter-chromosomal interactions at centromeres are significantly weaker than those at telomeres, indicating positioning of centromeres toward the inside of chromosome territories and telomeres toward the surface of chromosome territories. The majority A|B compartments or topologically associated domains (TADs) are consistent between B6 and Cast. We found 58% of the haploids in hybrids maintain their parental compartment status at B6/Cast divergent compartments due to cis-effect. About 95% of the trans-effected B6/Cast divergent compartments converge to same compartment status potentially due to a shared cellular environment. We found the differentially expressed genes between the two haploids in hybrid were associated with either genetic associated cis-effects or epigenetic associated trans-effects. The widespread epigenetic differences between B6 and Cast suggest that epigenetic changes may be major contributors to differences between B6 and Cast. Our data revealed symmetrical positioning of homologous chromosomes in 3D nucleus and enhanced our understanding of allele-specific epigenetic regulation.
IONIC SPECIATION IN A DYSTROPHIC RED LATOSOL UNDER COFFEE CROP AND HIGH DOSES OF GYPSUM

The cultivation of coffe crops in Brazil, especially on Latosols, has been increasing over the years, despite limitations such as aluminum toxicity, low fertility and very long drought periods. In this scenario, soil amendments to mitigate these restraints are necessary. Since these limitations are not restricted to the arable layer, application of gypsum becomes an efficient alternative to sustain soil fertility and deepen the root system to get water from the deeper layers of soil. However, high doses of gypsum can cause unbalance among Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+. The objective of this work was to evaluate these bases as well as their ionic pairs, and the presence of sulfate along the soil profile 16 months after the application of high gypsum doses in a Latosol under coffee crops. An inicial dose of gypsum was applied in the entire area, followed by four treatments, in triplicate and randomized blocks, set as follows: G0 - zero gypsum applied over the planting line after the initial soil preparation; G7- 7 t ha-1 of gypsum in the planting line (1.75 kg m-1); G56 - 56 t ha-1 of gypsum in the planting line (14 kg m-1), all with brachiaria between the coffee planting lines; and CV7 - 7 t ha-1 of gypsum in the line and no brachiaria between the planting lines. The soil profile was sampled in layers up to 2.40 m depth and the soil solution was extracted by suctioning the sample-saturated paste. Following this extraction, the soil solution was analyzed by combustion for total carbon contents, ion chromatography and ICP-OES/flame photometry, for chemical species, and speciation was done using Minteq software. After 16 months of gypsum application, 96% of K+ in soil solution was at 0.35 to 0.45 m in its free form. Leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ occurred predominantly in their free forms, although a more significant contribution of CaSO4 0 and MgSO4 0 ionic pairs was observed when compared to K2SO40.
Effects of Calcium and Chloride Ions in Iron Ore Reverse Cationic Flotation: Fundamental Studies

ABSTRACT In this work, the simultaneous effects of Ca2+ and Cl− ions in an aqueous solution at pH 10.5 on the flotation of quartz (the main impurity in itabiritic iron ore) and hematite by starch and amine was investigated. A strong depression in the flotation of both quartz and hematite conditioned with CaCl2 was observed. This effect was higher for hematite than for quartz. Based on zeta potential measurements and the speciation diagram of calcium in aqueous solutions, the physical adsorption of Ca2+ on the surfaces of both minerals was inferred. The infrared spectrum of quartz conditioned with CaCl2 at pH 10.5 was similar to its reagent-free reference spectrum. However, a new band at the wavenumber of 1465 cm−1 was identified in the spectrum of hematite conditioned with CaCl2; this band did not exist in its reference spectrum. This new band may indicate the chemical adsorption of Cl− ions on the hematite surface. The complexation of Ca2+ by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid enabled complete quartz recovery with amine. For hematite, recovery was partially restored, probably because of the positive chloro-complexes on the hydrated iron surfaces of hematite, which prevented the adsorption of aminium ions at these sites. Therefore, the selective inverse cationic flotation of itabiritic iron ore at pH 10.5 in water containing Ca2+ is possibly only after complexing them with EDTA.
Stable Behavioral and Neural Responses to Thermal Stimulation Despite Large Changes in the Hydra vulgaris Nervous System

Many animals that lose neural tissue due to injury or disease have the ability to maintain their behavioral abilities by regenerating new neurons or reorganizing existing neural circuits. However, most small model organisms used for neuroscience like nematodes and flies lack this high degree of neural plasticity. These animals often show significant behavioral deficits if they lose even a single neuron. Here we show that the small freshwater cnidarian Hydra vulgaris can maintain stable sensory motor behaviors even after losing half of the neurons in its body. Specifically, we find that both the behavioral and neural response to a rapid change in temperature is maintained if we make their nervous system roughly 50% smaller by caloric restriction or surgery. These observations suggest that Hydra provides a rich model for studying how animals maintain stable sensory-motor responses within dynamic neural circuit architectures, and may lead to general principles for neural circuit plasticity and stability.The ability of the nervous system to restore its function following injury is key to survival for many animals. Understanding this neural plasticity in animals across the phylogenetic tree would help reveal fundamental principles of this important ability. To our knowledge, the discovery of a set of neurons in the jellyfish polyp Hydra vulgaris that stably support a response to thermal stimulation is the first demonstration of large-scale neural plasticity in a genetically tractable invertebrate model organism. The small size and transparency of Hydra suggests that it will be possible to study large-scale neural circuit plasticity in an animal where one can simultaneously image the activity of every neuron.
Intraspecific Competition Affects Crown and Stem Characteristics of Non-Native Quercus rubra L. Stands in Germany

Accurate guidelines for silvicultural management of exotic tree species in Germany are sparse. For example, northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is the most commonly planted exotic deciduous tree species in Germany, but its response to varying levels of competition intensity has not yet been adequately explored. Here, we used terrestrial laser scanning to non-destructively examine the responses of stem and crown characteristics of Quercus rubra to intraspecific competition. A total of 100 dominant red oak trees were investigated in ten pure red oak stands, located in five federal states of Germany. The external stem quality characteristics namely stem non-circularity and bark anomalies decreased with increasing tree competition. Also, the crown characteristics crown volume, crown surface area, maximum crown area, crown length, and branch length declined by the degree of individual tree competition. We conclude that individual tree properties can be controlled by competition intensity, resulting in improved timber quality as shown for other tree species.
Using the conversation analytic role-play method in healthcare interpreter education

This chapter focuses on the teaching of communication and interaction skills to learners who have already had the chance to acquire the basics of dialogue interpreting (DI) and to practice it through role-playing. It argues that traditional simulated scenarios should be complemented by alternative techniques using authentic data, and research findings about them, and suggests how this can be done with students at undergraduate and especially graduate level, as they learn to adapt their skills to particular interactional contingencies and to make judgments about particular situations. The technique developed by Stokoe (2011a) – the Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) – will be exemplified using authentic French-Italian interpreter-mediated healthcare data. However, CARM can readily be adapted to fit other languages and/or domains, provided that the teacher has a collection of audio- and/or video-recorded interpreter-mediated interactions available and a thorough understanding of conversation analysis
Rates and intensity of freeze–thaw cycles affect nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from agricultural soils

Abstract: In cool temperate regions, large emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse and ozone-depleting gas, have been observed during freeze–thaw (FT) cycles. However, it is unclear how freezing and thawing rates, freezing intensity, and freezing duration influence N2O emissions. We used a laboratory incubation to measure N2O emissions from two soils (sandy loam, silty clay) undergoing a single FT cycle of various freezing and thawing rates [rapid (0.5 °C h-1) vs. slow (0.017 °C h-1)], freezing intensity (-1 vs. -3 °C), and freezing duration (24 vs. 48 freezing degree-days). In general, soil carbon dioxide fluxes during freezing were highest when soils were frozen slowly at -1 °C, whereas fluxes after thawing were highest from the soils frozen and thawed rapidly at -3 °C. Soil N2O emissions during both the freezing and thawing periods were greatest in the soils exposed to rapid freezing to -3 °C, intermediate under rapid freezing to -1 °C and slow freezing to -3 °C, and smallest under slow freezing to -1 °C and the control treatment (constant +1 °C). The similar N2O emissions between the unfrozen control and the slowly frozen -1 °C treatment was unexpected as previous field studies with similar freezing rates and temperatures still experienced high N2O emissions during thaw. This suggests that the physical disruptions caused by freezing and thawing of the surface soil are not the primary driver of FT-induced N2O emissions under field conditions.
Green Nanotechnology in Nigeria: The Research Landscape, Challenges and Prospects

Abstract In this treatise, we examined the activities of researchers of Nigeria descent in the frontier areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology, with a focus on green nanotechnology. The exploration of literature published by scholars were reviewed and compartmentalized on the basis of applications of the nanomaterials. It can be concluded that the level of activities in this area is expanding owing to the emergence of more published works since the beginning of 2010. However, in comparison with research outputs from other developing African countries such as South Africa and Egypt, activities in green nanotechnology are still at low ebb in Nigeria. Issues that are contributory to the slow pace were identified and appropriate solutions in terms of improved funding of education, enactment of national policy on nanotechnology, curriculum development, international cooperation as well as human resource development among others were discussed.
Nitric oxide participates in the corpus luteum regression in ovaries isolated from pseudopregnant rats

In previous reports we found that nitric oxide is involved in corpus luteum regression in the rat by increasing prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis during the luteolytic phase. In the present study we were interested in determining whether nitric oxide synthase activity is modulated with the corpus luteum development. For this purpose ovarian tissues obtained from pseudopregnant rats at different stages of pseudopregnancy, early, middle, and late, were used. Working with different doses of two competitive nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and aminoguanidine (AG), we investigated the possible role of endogenous nitric oxide in the regulation of prostaglandin F2 alpha production by rat ovaries in the three different phases mentioned. We found that nitric oxide synthase activity diminishes with the corpus luteum development and that the calcium-independent activity was the predominant form of this enzyme in all stages studied. Endogenous nitric oxide increased prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis only during the late phase of the corpus luteum. In the study of the possible role of nitric oxide regulating ovarian steroidogenesis, we found that L-NMMA increased progesterone production and diminished prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis in ovarian tissue from pseudopregnant rats in the late phase. These results suggest that nitric oxide could participate in the corpus luteum demise in the rat by modulating part of prostaglandin F2 alpha and progesterone production.
Black rice addition prompted the beer quality by the extrusion as pretreatment

Abstract Flavor compounds, including total polyphenols, amino acids, and protein, in beer with extruded black rice as adjunct were detected and analyzed. Beer brewing technique has been intensively investigated in the past century. The chase of beer quality, including the color, flavor, foam, nutrition, and functionality, attracted considerable attention. Hence, headspace solid‐phase microextraction in combination with a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) was used to analyze flavor compounds qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of one organic acid, one aromatic, ten alcohols and 23 esters were present in extruded black rice adjunct beer. Protein components and molecular weight were analyzed, and the results were consistent with those of traditional beer in terms of content of foam‐stabilizing protein. The contents of essential amino acid which is an important nutritive index were higher than those in traditional rice adjunct beer, especially valine (70.9 mg/L) and threonine (42.8 mg/L). The representative ingredients of extruded black rice adjunct beer were polyphenols, nerolidol, geraniol, and geranylgeraniol which affected the functionality and antioxidant ability.
GENERATION MEANS ANALYSIS FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) CROSSES FROM ETHIOPIA

The nature of gene action governing the expression of various traits is very helpful in formulating an effective and sound breeding program. The objective of the present study was to determine the type and magnitude of gene action in sesame using generation means analysis to provide a basis for an evaluation of selection methods for the improvement of sesame. The six basic generations parent 1(P 1 ), parent 2 (P 2 ), hybrid (F 1 ), F 2 , back cross 1(BC 1 ) and back cross (BC 2 ) of five crosses such as cross-1 (EW002 x BG006), cross-2 (Dicho x EW006), cross-3 (EW002 x Dicho), cross-4 (Obsa x Dicho) and cross-5 (EW002 x Obsa) were planted in 2012 and 2013 at Uke trial site of Bako Agricultural Research Center in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The combined analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among generations for all the traits in all crosses. Simple additive-dominance model exhibited lack of good fit for all the characters studied in all the crosses, except days to maturity in cross 2. The result of the generation means analysis showed that days to flowering, plant height, branches per plant, and capsules per plant and yield per plant were found to be under the control of additive and non-additive gene effects, coupled with duplicate type of epitasis. Biparental mating followed by selection of desired recombinants from the segregating population is the most applicable breeding methodology for traits under the influence of duplicate type of epitasis. Complementary type of epitasis was only observed for plant height in cross 1 and capsules per plant in cross 3, which appeared to be desirable and would be helpful in further improvement of these traits.
Application of Ultrasound, Microwaves, and Magnetic Fields Techniques in the Germination of Cereals

Cereal germination involves a series of complex physiological and biochemical processes that are influenced by multiple internal and external factors. Previous studies have shown that certain non-thermal processing techniques can be used to effectively induce a range of physiological and biochemical changes in cereal seeds, thereby increasing the digestibility and bioavailability of cereals and enhancing the nutritional value, flavor, and quality of cereal sprouts. Here, we provide an overview of the principle of promoting cereal germination to enrich physiologically active components review the effects of treating cereal seeds with three new non-thermal processing technologies, namely, ultrasound, microwaves, and magnetic fields, on the contents of enzymes and various other seed components during germination. Finally, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of applying the above techniques to cereal germination. cell membrane integrity and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes; enhancing cell division and biochemical syntheses; and enhancing the decomposition rate of starch and protein.
Mathematical Model for the Dynamics of Glucose, Insulin and β-Cell Mass under the Effect of Trauma, Excitement and Stress

In this work, we presented a mathematical model for the dynamics of glucose, insulin and beta-cell mass under the influence of trauma, excitement and/or stress, the model is an improvement on the work by [1]. We defined and incorporated a parameter to represent the effectiveness of epinephrine in suppressing insulin secretion and a parameter Ge representing epinephrine induced glucose increase as the factors that affect glucose and insulin homeostasis. The model which consists of a system of three nonlinear ordinary differential equations was used to investigate the effect of epinephrine on glucose, insulin and beta-cell mass dynamics. The result of the study showed that; In the presence of epinephrine, the blood glucose increased and the blood insulin decreased due to suppression by the hormone, despite the fact that there is an increase in beta-cell mass the system remained extremely hyperglycemic. Furthermore, the result of the numerical experiment carried out indicated that frequent epinephrine secretion into the blood induced prolong and extreme hyperglycemia. Frequent epinephrine secretion increases the risk of diabetes in humans. In view of the findings of this study, we recommend that there should be massive and continuous health education, especially for communities living in the areas where the stated agents (trauma, excitement and stress) of epinephrine secretion are common.
Characterization of the Nanostructure of Collagen Fibers Following the Application of Dilute Hydrogen Peroxide used in Dental Whitening Treatments

Abstract This work aims to understand the effect of dilute hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solutions, used in dental whitening treatments, on the nanostructure of type I collagen fibers. Using this approach, collagen fibers were exposed to 1%, 3% and 5% H2O2 solutions, and the changes in their nanostructure were analyzed by combining topographical and phase-shift atomic force microscopy (T-AFM and PS-AFM) results with circular dichroism (CD) and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The combination of these techniques demonstrates that after exposure to 1 to 5% peroxide solutions, collagen fibers form agglomerates while the rupture of intramolecular bonds occurs, leading to collagen secondary structure loss and degradation. These results show for the first time that even dilute H2O2 solutions have a significant effect on collagen at the nanostructural level.
An Exploration of Linear Classifiers for Unsupervised Spiking Neural Networks with Event-Driven Data

Object recognition in video has seen giant strides in accuracy improvements in the last few years, a testament to the computational capacity of deep convolutional neural networks. However, this computational capacity of software-based neural networks coincides with high power consumption compared to that of some spiking neural networks (SNNs), up to 300,000 times more energy per synaptic event in IBM’s TrueNorth chip, for example [16]. SNNs are also well-suited to exploit the precise timing of event-driven image sensors, which transmit asynchronous “events” only when the luminance of a pixel changes above or below a threshold value. The combination of event-based imagers and SNNs becomes a straightforward way to achieve low power consumption in object recognition tasks. This thesis compares different linear classifiers for two low-power, hardware-friendly, spiking, unsupervised neural network architectures, SSLCA and HFirst, in response to asynchronous event-based data, and explores their ability to learn and recognize patterns from two event-based image datasets, N-MNIST and CIFAR10-DVS. By performing a grid search of important SNN and classifier hyperparameters, we also explore how to improve classification performance of these architectures. Results show that a softmax regression classifier exhibits modest accuracy gains (0.73%) over the next-best performing linear support vector machine (SVM), and considerably outperforms a single layer perceptron (by 5.28%) when classification performance is averaged over all datasets and spiking neural network architectures with varied hyperparameters. Min-max normalization of the inputs to the linear classifiers aides in classification accuracy, except in the case of the single layer perceptron