Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of self-efficacy in cardiovascular disease self-management: a review of effective programs

Correspondence: Hannah Katch The George washington University, Department of Health Policy, washington DC, USA Tel +1 202 994 3367 email hannah.katch@gwumc.edu Research objective: To conduct a comprehensive, systematic review of disease self-management programs for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), looking specifically at those with self-efficacy as a key component to the effectiveness of such programs on CVD management and outcomes. Study design: We conducted a review of effective strategies promoting patient involvement and engagement in the self-management of CVD. To narrow the scope of the review, we defined strategies that were empirically tested and showed a measurable and positive impact on outcomes that reflect improved self-management (eg, medication adherence or patient’s perceived management skills) and/or improved clinical outcomes (eg, lower blood pressure or reduced hospitalization). Results: We identified five disease management programs focusing on self-efficacy that had been rigorously evaluated by multiple studies in varying patient populations. Each of these programs were shown to be effective in increasing patients’ engagement and involvement in the management of their disease, by demonstrating improvement in self-efficacy while developing patients’ self-management skills. They also were shown to improve clinical outcomes for patients, such as lower blood pressure and reduced hospitalizations. Conclusion: The studies that we reviewed demonstrate the importance of including selfefficacy as a key component in CVD self-management programs. These programs should be multidisciplinary in approach, should be tailored to the needs of the patients, and should have a theoretical foundation of behavior change. More research is needed to investigate the causal link between self-efficacy, self-management and clinical outcomes.
Confused health and nutrition claims in food marketing to children could adversely affect food choice and increase risk of obesity

Objectives To investigate the nutritional quality of foods marketed to children in the UK and to explore the use of health and nutrition claims. Design This cross-sectional study was carried out in a wide range of UK food retailers. Products marketed to children above the age of 1 year containing any of a range of child friendly themes (i.e. cartoons, toys and promotions), and terms suggesting a nutritious or healthy attribute such as ‘one of 5-a-day’, on product packaging were identified both in stores and online. Information on sugar, salt and fat content, as well as health and nutrition claims, was recorded. The Ofcom nutrient profiling model (NPM) was used to assess if products were healthy. Results Three hundred and thirty-two products, including breakfast cereals, fruit snacks, fruit-based drinks, dairy products and ready meals, were sampled. The use of cartoon characters (91.6%), nutrition claims (41.6%) and health claims (19.6%) was a common marketing technique. The one of 5-a-day claim was also common (41.6%), but 75.4% (103) of products which made this claim were made up of less than 80 g of fruit and vegetables. Sugar content (mean±SD per 100 g) was high in fruit snacks (48.4±16.2 g), cereal bars (28.9±7.5 g) and cereals (22.9±8.0 g). Overall, 41.0% of the products were classified as less healthy according to the Ofcom NPM. Conclusion A large proportion of products marketed to children through product packaging are less healthy, and claims used on product packaging are confusing. Uniform guidance would avoid confusion on nutritional quality of many popular foods.
How methyl–sugar interactions determine DNA structure and flexibility

Abstract The sequence dependent structure and flexibility of the DNA double helix is of key importance for gene expression and DNA packing and it can be modulated by DNA modifications. The presence of a C5′-methyl group in thymine or the frequent C5′-methylated-cytosine affects the DNA fine structure, however, the underlying mechanism and steric origins have remained largely unexplained. Employing Molecular Dynamics free energy simulations that allow switching on or off interactions with the methyl groups in several DNA sequences, we systematically identified the physical origin of the coupling between methyl groups and DNA backbone fine structure. Whereas methyl-solvent and methyl–nucleobase interactions were found to be of minor importance, the methyl group interaction with the 5′ neighboring sugar was identified as main cause for influencing the population of backbone substates. The sterical methyl sugar clash prevents the formation of unconventional stabilizing hydrogen bonds between nucleobase and backbone. The technique was also used to study the contribution of methyl groups to DNA flexibility and served to explain why the presence of methyl sugar clashes in thymine and methyl-cytosine can result in an overall local increase of DNA flexibility.
Shared Autonomous Vehicles Effect on Vehicle-Km Traveled and Average Trip Duration

Intermediate modes of transport, such as shared vehicles or ride sharing, are starting to increase their market share at the expense of traditional modes of car, public transport, and taxi. In the advent of autonomous vehicles, single occupancy shared vehicles are expected to substitute at least in part private conventional vehicle trips. The objective of this paper is to estimate the impact of shared autonomous vehicles on average trip duration and vehicle-km traveled in a large metropolitan area. A stated preference online survey was designed to gather data on the willingness to use shared autonomous vehicles. Then, commute trips and home-based other trips were generated microscopically for a synthetic population in the greater Munich metropolitan area. Individuals who traveled by auto were selected to switch from a conventional vehicle to a shared autonomous vehicle subject to their willingness to use them. The effect of shared autonomous vehicles on urban mobility was assessed through traffic simulations in MATSim with a varying autonomous taxi fleet size. The results indicated that the total traveled distance increased by up to 8% after autonomous fleets were introduced. Current travel demand can still be satisfied with an acceptable waiting time when 10 conventional vehicles are replaced with 4 shared autonomous vehicles.
Advances in the diagnostic imaging of pheochromocytomas

Pheochromocytomas (PCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are routinely localized by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. CT can identify tumors with high sensitivity but rather low specificity. MRI has higher sensitivity and specificity than CT and is superior to detect extra-adrenal disease. Radioiodinated MIBG scintigraphy has been used for more than 30 years and is based on MIBG uptake via the norepinephrine transporter on the cell membrane. The technique is very useful for whole-body studies in case of multiple primary tumors or metastases. Tumors with sole production of dopamine usually cannot be visualized with MIBG and may require positron emission tomographic (PET) studies with 18 F-labeled radiotracers. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) using the radiolabeled somatostatin analog octreotide (based on the expression of the somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 by the tumor) can demonstrate PGL or metastases not visualized by MIBG. In this article, we review the use of MIBG scintigraphy to diagnose PC/PGL and compare the sensitivity and specificity with that of CT and MRI. We also describe the recent SRS and PET techniques and review the latest results of clinical studies by comparing these imaging modalities. Future perspectives of functional imaging modalities for PC/PGL are finally presented.
Energy Buildup, Flux Confinement and Helicity Accumulation in the Solar Corona

Starting from a dipole field and a given distribution of footpoint displacement of field lines on the photosphere, we find axisymmetric, force-free field solutions in spherical coordinates that have the same distribution of normal field on the photosphere and magnetic topology as the dipole field. A photospheric shear is introduced in the azimuthal direction in a region that strides across the equator and ends at latitude λs. The footpoint displacement has a sine distribution in latitude and a peak amplitude of m. The magnetic energy E, azimuthal flux F, and magnetic helicity HT in the solar corona are then calculated for each force-free field solution. It is found that for a given shear region range λs, all of the three quantities increase monotonically with increasing m. In particular, both F and HT have a linear dependence on m. When m reaches a certain critical value mc, the force-free field loses equilibrium, leading to a partial opening of the field and the appearance of a current sheet in the equatorial plane. At this point, E, F and HT reach their maximum values, Ec, Fc and HTc. Ec increases, and Fc and HTc decrease with decreasing λs. It is found that Ec is always smaller than the open field energy, in agreement with the Aly conjecture. Of the three critical parameters, Ec has the weakest dependence on λs. Therefore, if one is interested in the transition of a magnetic configuration from a stable state to a dynamic one, the magnetic energy is probably the most appropriate marker of the transition.
Designing a Methodology for Marketing Intelligence Systems - The Case of Brand Image Diagnostics

In situations of information overload and complexity, consumers consult their existing knowledge regarding brands as a guide in consumption decisions. This knowledge manifests as brand association networks (BANs) in consumers’ minds and reflects what the consumer thinks of when being confronted with a brand stimulus. BANs therefore characterize a brand’s image that determines consumers’ attitudes and behaviour. BANs serve as diagnostic instruments to explain a brand’s success or failure and to plan or control marketing activities. Traditionally, BANs are elicited directly from consumers utilizing survey-based instruments. However, in a dynamic and interactive environment, user-generated content (UGC) is increasingly relevant for a brand’s image and thus should be exploited for the elicitation of BANs. However, established elicitation instruments either follow another elicitation paradigm (i.e. surveys or interviews), or are unable to cope with volume, velocity, and variety of UGC as a big data source (e.g. content analysis). Hence, exploiting UGC for BAN elicitation requires the development of new, computer-supported instruments. Following a design science research approach, we contribute a novel methodology as our artefact to extract BANs from UGC using text-mining and network analysis. We evaluate our solution and demonstrate its utility for brand management on a study of automotive brands.
A new land snail from the Quaternary of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean): Darderia bellverica n. gen., n. sp. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicodontidae)

A new genus and species of land snail is described from pre-human paleosoils at Bellver hill in the island of Mallorca. It is a medium-sized helicodontid with 6 tight coils, dome-shaped spire, obtuse peripheral keel, eccentric umbilicus, narrow aperture inclined forward, sinuous reflected peristome, a low angular tooth, 5 infrapalatal denticles, teleoconch with many regular riblets and widely scattered hair pits, and protoconch with simple wrinkles and very thin spiral lines. This very rare species had been reported as a member of the Iberian-Maghribian Oestophora. Similar Plio-Pleistocene fossils from the Balearics and Sardinia are placed in the new genus. This may constitute a biogeographic link within the Lindholmiolinae, now surviving at both ends of the Mediterranean basin. It remains unknown when, why or whether it became extinct.
Psychometric Validation of the Korean Version of the 9-Item European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale

Heart failure (HF) is the most common cause of frequent hospitalizations and high mortality. Active engagement in self-care behaviors is an essential component of HF disease management. Although the 9-item European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS-9) as a commonly used instrument has been validated in different languages, there is no validated tool for addressing self-care behaviors related to HF in Korea. This study aimed to validate the Korean version of the EHFScBS-9. A cross-sectional study was adopted. The EHFSeBS-9 was translated and back-translated into Korean. A convenience sample of 270 patients from an outpatient clinic participated. Reliability was assessed via an internal consistency analysis. Construct validity was tested with exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion validity was assessed by measuring participants’ health literacy and general health status. Internal consistency was supported based on a Cronbach’s α of . 84. We identified three well-fitting factors (consulting behaviors, fluid restriction, and adherence behaviors), which explained 71.85% of the variance in self-care. More self-care behaviors were associated with adequate health literacy and good general health status. The Korean version of the EHFSeBS-9 showed sufficient internal consistency and acceptable validity to support its usage among Korean HF patients.
Estimation of Regional Economic Convergence Equations Using Artificial Neural Networks with Cross Section Data

Theoretical developments and discussions on growth and regional convergence have been accompanied by another debate, associated with the type of data used and quantitative approaches adopted in empirical research. Estimation of convergence equations continues to play a key role in the study of economic convergence, despite criticisms. This paper introduces the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) in the study of convergence. It focuses on the concept of b-convergence and accepts that cross section data can provide useful information for its investigation. Non-linearities of the underlying relationships, the restrictiveness of assumptions on functional forms, and econometric problems in the estimation and application of certain theoretical models, advocate for the use of ANN algorithms. A back-propagation (BPN) artificial neural network is constructed and utilized to study convergence of regional, gross domestic products per capita in Greece, together with the application of a traditional econometric analysis. Cross-section statistical data on Greek prefectures are used while results and repeated testing show that the neural network performs very well in estimating convergence equations. It improves substantially the accuracy of estimates and predictability of the estimated relationships. In addition, the BPN algorithm could be used with time series or panel data, and it could estimate also convergence equations of additional economic or social variables.
Measurement of daily primary production using 24 H incubations with the C-14 method: A caveat

Computer simulations and experiments with cultured and natural phytoplankton were used to study 14C uptake hnetics and budgets over 24 h incubations. There was good agreement between experunents and simulations. After 24 h incubations and depending on the starting time of incubations, net 14C uptake varied by a factor of 2 in the laboratory and by a factor of 3 in the field. Both simulated and experimental data showed lowest I4C accumulation for incubatlons starting at sunrise (i.e. dawn-to-dawn incubation), while hghest values corresponded to incubations beginning at sunset. Recommendations for field s tudes are as follows. For samples collected at night, incubations can be started at any time, but should be conducted for a full 24 h after dawn. Samples collected after dawn should be incubated for 24 h, and I4C accumulation should be corrected in order to obtain dawn-todawn values.
A Massive Intake of Dabigatran: Case-Report and Short Review

Objective: The toxicity profile of new oral anticoagulants is well established and with their increasing use the adverse events are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Here, we describe the haemostatic abnormalities after a massive ingestion of dabigatran. Case summary: A 69-year-old woman was admitted for suicidal attempt after ingestion of 9 grams of dabigatran (60 x 150mg pills), associated with 400 mg of nebivolol, 600 mg of diazepam and 1.5 grams of amitriptyline. The patient did not suffer from any bleeding events. Only few voluntary massive intakes are until now reported. Discussion: There are only few cases reporting such a massive voluntary intake of dabigatran leading to biological disorders contrasting with no clinically significant intake. This surprising absence of bleeding events in our case could be at least partly explained by the poor gastrointestinal intake of the drug, a functional gastroparesis, and a theoretically self-limiting biological effect. Conclusion: As no antidote is currently available in routine use for dabigatran, a systematic collection of cases of dabigatran toxicity provide an insight into the clinical manifestations and potential therapeutic implications.
COOL WHITE DWARFS

▪ Abstract Old, cool white dwarfs convey valuable information about the early history of our Galaxy. They have been used to determine the age of the galactic disk, several open clusters, and a globular cluster. We review the current understanding of the physics of cool white dwarfs, including their mass distribution, chemical evolution, magnetism, and cooling. We also examine the role of white dwarfs as tracers of various stellar populations, both in terms of observational searches and theoretical models.
Joint interpretation of seismic and CSEM data using well log constraints : an example from the Luva Field One

G eophysical data are used routinely in exploration and reservoir characterization studies. However, when only a single data type is considered, ambiguities in the interpretation of the resulting data can remain. Seismic surveys are the most commonly used tool for surface based exploration of hydrocarbon resources. Seismic methods have evolved over the years and now provide high resolution images of the subsurface, which are used to develop geological models of structure and stratigraphy. Amplitude variation with offset (AVO) and inversion for acoustic and elastic impedance may also be used to constrain properties such as elastic moduli and density. However, despite the sophistication of seismic processing and interpretation methods, seismic data alone in many situations cannot give a complete picture of the reservoir. For example, AVO anomalies may be caused either by fluid or lithological variations, which cannot be separated on the basis of the seismic data alone. The development of surface-based CSEM data allows us for the first time to complement high resolution structural and stratigraphic information from seismic data with surfacebased resistivity measurements which can in some situations be directly related to the properties and distribution of fluids within subsurface structures. As with all remote sensing methods, ambiguities remain in the cause of the resistivity variations observed, particularly if these are interpreted in isolation. For example, a high resistivity anomaly may be caused by the presence of hydrocarbon, but could also be related to the presence of tight carbonates or volcanics. Joint interpretation of seismic and CSEM data using well log constraints: an example from the Luva Field
Multiple Criteria Analysis of European Union Agriculture

The main aim of the article is to analyze differences in agriculture performance across the European Union countries in the years 2010-2013. Special attention was devoted to the results achieved by New Member States. The research was conducted with application of multiple criteria analysis tools: the method proposed by Hellwig and Ward’s clustering method. The research was based on the analysis of the World Bank development indicators. It confirms the existence of significant disparity in the performance of agricultural sectors between the old and new member states of the EU .
Informal learning and aural learning in the instrumental music lesson : a research-and-development pilot project

Kate (teacher): It’s also actually, it’s hearing, can you actually hear what’s actually happening in the left hand, which is slightly more complex, but what’s actually happening in terms of the layers of sound, can you just see— Edward: I know there are chords, but I’m not sure— Kate: Yes, just, listen to the left hand and just see what you can hear. (We all listen.) Edward: It’s like before each chord there’s a lower note that it goes up to that it kind of starts from, but, because that note’s played at the same time as the right hand, it’s kind of hard to work out.
SLOW RISE AND PARTIAL ERUPTION OF A DOUBLE-DECKER FILAMENT. I. OBSERVATIONS AND INTERPRETATION

We study an active-region dextral filament that was composed of two branches separated in height by about 13 Mm, as inferred from three-dimensional reconstruction by combining SDO and STEREO-B observations. This “double-decker” configuration sustained for days before the upper branch erupted with a GOES-class M1.0 flare on 2010 August 7. Analyzing this evolution, we obtain the following main results. (1) During the hours before the eruption, filament threads within the lower branch were observed to intermittently brighten up, lift upward, and then merge with the upper branch. The merging process contributed magnetic flux and current to the upper branch, resulting in its quasi-static ascent. (2) This transfer might serve as the key mechanism for the upper branch to lose equilibrium by reaching the limiting flux that can be stably held down by the overlying field or by reaching the threshold of the torus instability. (3) The erupting branch first straightened from a reverse S shape that followed the polarity inversion line and then writhed into a forward S shape. This shows a transfer of left-handed helicity in a sequence of writhe–twist–writhe. The fact that the initial writhe is converted into the twist of the flux rope excludes the helical kink instability as the trigger process of the eruption, but supports the occurrence of the instability in the main phase, which is indeed indicated by the very strong writhing motion. (4) A hard X-ray sigmoid, likely of coronal origin, formed in the gap between the two original filament branches in the impulsive phase of the associated flare. This supports a model of transient sigmoids forming in the vertical flare current sheet. (5) Left-handed magnetic helicity is inferred for both branches of the dextral filament. (6) Two types of force-free magnetic configurations are compatible with the data, a double flux rope equilibrium and a single flux rope situated above a loop arcade.
Towards a Knowledge Leakage Mitigation Framework for Mobile Devices in Knowledge-Intensive Organizations

© 26th European Conference on Information Systems: Beyond Digitization - Facets of Socio-Technical Change, ECIS 2018. All Rights Reserved. The use of mobile devices in knowledge-intensive organizations while effective and cost-efficient also pose a challenging management problem. Often employees whether deliberately or inadvertently are the cause of knowledge leakage in organizations and the use of mobile devices further exacerbates it. This problem is the result of overly focusing on technical controls while neglecting human factors. Knowledge leakage is a multidimensional problem, and in this paper, we highlight the different dimensions that constitute it. In this study, our contributions are threefold. First, we study knowledge leakage risk (KLR) within the context of mobile devices in knowledge-intensive organizations in Australia. Second, we present a conceptual framework to explain and categorize the mitigation strategies to combat KLR through the use of mobile devices grounded in the literature. And third, we apply the framework to the findings from interviews with security and knowledge managers.