Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EDAPHIC MESOFAUNA COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MANAGEMENT OF CRANBERRY (Vaccinium sp.) PLANTATIONS: AN AGROECOLOGICAL APPROACH

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare taxa richness, abundance and diversity of the edaphic mesofauna community between plantations of cranberries (Vaccinium sp.) subjected to organic and conventional management in farms in central-south Chile (37°28'S), as also to evaluate changes produced in their diversity and abundance diversity and abundance, as result of the change from conventional to organic management. In July 2006 two farms were chosen, one with one year under organic management (OM1) and a second one under six years of certified organic management (OM6). Each farm was divided in four quadrants, each one with a surface of 2,500 m . In each quadrant was extracted one sample with six replicas of 188.5 cm3 each. Samples were processed in the laboratory using the Berlesse-Tullgren system for the extraction of mesofauna and the subsequent counting and identification of specimens. To compare the organic managed plantation, it was selected a farm under conventional management (CM) with similar climatic and edaphic conditions. On each parcel, taxa richness, abundance, alpha (a) diversity, dominance and beta (P) diversity were determined. Significant differences between diversity values were determined with Student's t test (a = 0.05). It is concluded that taxa richness is similar in all plantations, independent of agricultural management, whereas abundance of each taxon individually is different between both types of management. There are significant differences in diversity between the organic plantations (OM1 versus OM6) and between the conventional (CM) versus organic plantations (P<0.05). Qualitative (taxocenotic) and quantitative (biocenotic) similarity recorded in the edaphic communities from both types of plantation management may be explained by soil type and climate similarity, as well as by the homogeneity of the edaphic ecosystem.
The NEIL glycosylases remove oxidized guanine lesions from telomeric and promoter quadruplex DNA structures

G-quadruplex is a four-stranded G-rich DNA structure that is highly susceptible to oxidation. Despite the important roles that G-quadruplexes play in telomere biology and gene transcription, neither the impact of guanine lesions on the stability of quadruplexes nor their repair are well understood. Here, we show that the oxidized guanine lesions 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) reduce the thermostability and alter the folding of telomeric quadruplexes in a location-dependent manner. Also, the NEIL1 and NEIL3 DNA glycosylases can remove hydantoin lesions but none of the glycosylases, including OGG1, are able to remove 8-oxoG from telomeric quadruplexes. Interestingly, a hydantoin lesion at the site most prone to oxidation in quadruplex DNA is not efficiently removed by NEIL1 or NEIL3. However, NEIL1, NEIL2 and NEIL3 remove hydantoins from telomeric quadruplexes formed by five TTAGGG repeats much more rapidly than the commonly studied four-repeat quadruplex structures. We also show that APE1 cleaves furan in selected positions in Na+-coordinated telomeric quadruplexes. In promoter G-quadruplex DNA, the NEIL glycosylases primarily remove Gh from Na+-coordinated antiparallel quadruplexes but not K+-coordinated parallel quadruplexes containing VEGF or c-MYC promoter sequences. Thus, the NEIL DNA glycosylases may be involved in both telomere maintenance and in gene regulation.
Matching With Phantoms

Searching for partners involves informational persistence that reduces future traders’ matching probability. In this article, traders who are no longer available but who left tracks on the market are called phantoms. We examine a dynamic matching market in which phantoms are a by-product of search activity, no coordination frictions are assumed, and non-phantom traders may lose time trying to match with phantoms. The resulting aggregate matching technology features increasing returns to scale in the short run, but has constant returns to scale in the long run. We embed a generalized version of this matching function in the canonical continuous-time equilibrium search unemployment model. Long-run constant returns to scale imply there is a unique steady state, whereas short-run increasing returns generate excess volatility in the short run and endogenous fluctuations based on self-fulfilling prophecies.
A general, life history based model for regional management of fish stocks: the inland lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) fisheries of Ontario

Life history characteristics of 54 Ontario lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush) populations vary with differences in lake area (range 25-450 000 ha) and total dissolved solids (TDS) (range 15-180 mg·L -1 ). Populations from large lakes exhibit greater maximum sizes, greater ages and sizes at first maturity, lower natural mortality rates, and lower sustainable yields. Populations from high-TDS lakes exhibit higher growth rates in early life, lower ages at first maturity, larger sizes at first maturity, and higher natural mortality rates. Angler catchability increases significantly at low population densities. With these relationships included in an age-structured population model, we found that the fishing mortality rate at maximum equilibrium yield ranges from 0.12·year -1 for a 100-ha, low-TDS lake to 0.37·year -1 for a 10 000-ha, high-TDS lake; the fishing effort level at maximum equilibrium yield ranges from 6.6 angler-h·ha -1 · year -1 for a 100-ha, low-TDS lake to 4.0 angler-h·ha -1 ·year -1 for a 10 000-ha, high-TDS lake. Populations from small, low-TDS lakes are more sensitive to overexploitation than populations from large, high-TDS lakes. Easily measured, environmental correlates of life history characters may be common among fish species and are useful in developing exploitation guidelines for populations that are not well studied.
Productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment: evidence from Turkish micro-level data

This paper analyzes the productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) using Turkish firm-level data for a more recent time period, 2003–2010, which coincides with significant FDI inflows both in manufacturing and service sectors in the region. The empirical model is derived from endogenous growth theory whereby the rate of technological progress is partly determined by technology transfers and spillovers from international contacts, our exclusive focus being on FDI-induced spillovers. The impact of FDI onto the firm-level productivity is evaluated via the channels of horizontal and vertical linkages. The empirical results show that horizontal linkages decrease the productivity of firms, whereas vertical linkages exert a positive impact onto the local productivity levels, thereby drawing attention of policy makers towards strengthening of supplier–buyer relationship between local and multinationals in order to optimize the benefits from FDI. This study also acknowledges the heterogeneity of local (foreign) firms and their differential capacity to absorb (exude) the FDI-induced externalities.
Longitudinal and seasonal variations in plasmaspheric electron density: Implications for electron precipitation

[1] The tilt and offset of the Earth's magnetic field can significantly affect the longitudinal and seasonal distribution of electron density in the plasmasphere. Here we show that for the solar maximum conditions of 1990–1991, the largest annual variation determined from CRRES measurements of plasmaspheric equatorial electron density in the range L = 2.5–5.0 occurs at American longitudes (−60°E), while no annual variation occurs at Asian longitudes (+100°E). Plasmaspheric electron density is larger in December than in June at most longitudes, from −180°E eastward to +20°E. At all other longitudes the density ratio from December to June is very close to 1.0. The largest December/June density ratio is at L = 3.0 at American longitudes (−60°E). At L = 4.5 and above, the annual variation disappears. The lowest electron density values for a given L-shell occur at American longitudes, in June. Ion densities also show significant annual variations, with similar longitudinal and seasonal characteristics in the case of IMAGE EUV He+ measurements. Atomic mass density measurements calculated using the magnetometer cross-phase technique show significant seasonal variations but also imply composition changes with longitude. Using the quasilinear PADIE code we calculate the bounce-averaged diffusion rate of electrons by plasmaspheric hiss with a fixed wave intensity. December to June variations in plasmaspheric density, particularly at American longitudes, drive changes in the wave-particle interactions, increasing diffusion into the loss cone by a factor of ∼3 at 1 MeV at L = 3.0, thus hardening the electron precipitation spectrum during the southern hemisphere winter (in June).
Factors Associated with Anemia among Lactating Mothers in Subsistence Farming Households from Selected Districts of Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder affecting one third of the global population. Lactating mothers are more susceptible because of maternal iron depletion during lactation, blood loss during childbirth and inadequate nutrient intake. Morbidity associated with chronic anemia extends to loss of productivity from impaired work capacity, cognitive impairment, and increased susceptibility to infection. Nevertheless, many Ethiopian mothers remained anemic yet the availability of information is limited. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 327 randomly selected lactating mothers residing in the two districts. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics and anemia risk factors. Finger prick blood sample was analyzed by Hemocue device to determine hemoglobin level. Epi-data 1.4. 4.0 and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis. Bivariate and multivariable regressions were used to identify candidate and predictor variables of anemia, respectively. All associations were considered statistically significant at alpha <0.05. Results: Overall, 28.7% (95% CI: 24.1%, 33.6%) of mothers were anemic with mild and moderate anemia accounting for 25.8% and 2.9%, respectively. Multi-gravidity (AOR=2.32 (95% CI: 1.12, 4.84), lower ante-natal frequency (AOR=2.37 (95% C.I.: 1.20, 4.71)), lower meal frequency/day (AOR=2.28 (95% C.I.: 1.12, 4.63)), food insecurity (AOR=4.19(2.83, 21.13)), mild undernutrition (AOR=0.35 (95% C.I.: 0.10, 0.80)) and lower dietary diversity (AOR=2.32 (95% C.I.: 1.65, 5.72)) were predictors of anemia. Conclusion: Anemia is public health problem in the study community, where one in every four lactating mothers was anemic. Antenatal follow up should be encouraged in order to reserve and prevent iron depletion during breastfeeding period, while frequent births need to be alleviated through family planning. Multi-sectoral collaboration is needed to improve the feeding practice, dietary diversity, food insecurity and undernutrition of study community in order to prevent anemia.
Title Bounds on Treatment Effects from Studies with Imperfect Compliance Permalink

This paper establishes nonparametric formulas that can be used to bound the average treatment e ect in experimental studies in which treatment assignment is random but subject compliance is imperfect. The bounds provided are the tightest possible, given the distribution of assignments, treatments, and responses. The formulas show that even with high rates of noncompliance, experimental data can yield useful and sometimes accurate information on the average e ect of a treatment on the population.
D ec 2 01 5 Large deviations for Markov jump processes with mean-field interaction via the comparison principle for an associated Hamilton-Jacobi equation

We prove the large deviation principle for the trajectory of a broad class of mean field interacting Markov jump processes via a general analytic approach based on viscosity solutions. Examples include generalized Ehrenfest models as well as Curie-Weiss spin flip dynamics with singular jump rates. The main step in the proof of the large deviation principle, which is of independent interest, is the proof of the comparison principle for an associated collection of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Additionally, we show that the large deviation principle provides a general method to identify a Lyapunov function for the associated McKeanVlasov equation.
The Signaling Role of Not Being Promoted : Theory and Evidence ∗

This article studies the negative signals associated with non-promotion. I first show theoretically that, when workers’ productivity rises little with additional years on the same job level, the negative signal associated with non-promotion leads to wage decreases. On the other hand, when additional job-level tenure leads to a sizable increase in productivity, workers’ wages increase. I test my model’s predictions using the personnel records from a large US firm from 1970-1988. I find a clear hump-shaped wage-job-tenure profile for workers who stay in the same job level, which supports my model’s prediction.
Lean in Messages Increase Attributions of Women’s Responsibility for Gender Inequality

Although women’s underrepresentation in senior-level positions in the workplace has multiple causes, women’s self-improvement or “empowerment” at work has recently attracted cultural attention as a solution. For example, the bestselling book Lean In states that women can tackle gender inequality themselves by overcoming the “internal barriers” (e.g., lack of confidence and ambition) that prevent success. We sought to explore the consequences of this type of women’s empowerment ideology. Study 1 found that perceptions of women’s ability to solve inequality were associated with attributions of women’s responsibility to do so. Studies 2, 3, 5a, and 5b experimentally manipulated exposure to women’s empowerment messages, finding that while such messages increase perceptions that women are empowered to solve workplace gender inequality, they also lead to attributions that women are more responsible both for creating and solving the problem. Study 4 found a similar pattern in the context of a specific workplace problem, and found that such messages also lead to a preference for interventions focused on changing women rather than changing the system. Studies 5a and 5b sought to replicate prior studies and document the weakened effects of messages that explicitly explain that women’s “internal barriers” are the products of “external barriers” obstructing women’s progress. This research suggests that self-improvement messages intended to empower women to take charge of gender inequality may also yield potentially harmful societal beliefs.
Information Channels and Needs of Health Professionals of Clinical Trialsin Japan

Background: Many studies have reported on the information need and the seeking behavior of health professionals. However, there have been few reports on clinical trial information usage. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to understand the information-seeking behavior of health professionals and examine the desired provision of clinical trial information with a focus on Internet usage. Methods: The questionnaire was distributed to health professionals between March and April 2013 at three National Center hospitals in Japan and member hospitals of the Center for Clinical Trials of the Japan Medical Association. Results: Physicians mostly used the information provided by academic societies or medical journals, nurses mostly used information from colleagues and pharmacists, and CRCs mostly used information from the Internet. Although the proportion of the use of general medical information was higher than clinical trial information for each information source, the trend of information usage was similar between general medical information and clinical trial information among health professionals. Conclusions: It is suggested that the method of conveying information about clinical trials could be different ways among health professionals for its effectiveness.
Beyond Koopmans’ theorem: electron binding energies in disordered materials

The topical review focuses on calculating ionization energies (IE), or electronic polarons in quasi-particle terminology, in large disordered systems, e.g. for a solute dissolved in a molecular solvent. The simplest estimate of the ionization energy is provided by one-electron energies in the Hartree–Fock theory, but the calculated quantities are not accurate. Density functional theory as many-body theory provides a principal opportunity for calculating one-electron energies including correlation and relaxation effects, i.e. the true energies of electronic polarons. We argue that such a principal possibility materializes within the concept of optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functionals (OT-RSH). We describe various schemes for optimal tuning. Importantly, the OT-RSH scheme is investigated for systems capped with dielectric continuum, providing a consistent picture on the QM/dielectric boundary. Finally, some limitations and open issues of the OT-RSH approach are addressed.
Clinical efficacy comparison of arthroscopic subacromial smooth polishing and acromioplasty in treating of rotator cuff tears

Many physicians perform traditional Acromioplasty (AMP) in arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair (RCR) surgery. However, this surgery might cause shoulder pain, or joint instability postoperation. We compared the clinical efficacies of Arthroscopic Subacromial Smooth Polishing (ASSP) and AMP in RCR. The clinical data of 74 patients performed ARCR were retrospectively analysed, among who 36 patients were performed intraoperative SSP, and 38 patients were performed traditional AMP. The clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared, evaluated, and statistically analysed using VAS, Constant-Murley shoulder Score (CMS), and MRI before the surgery (T1), 3 months after the surgery (T2), and in the last follow-up (T3). The patients were followed up 18-36 months (average 26.9 months). The postoperative VAS and CMS of the two groups were statistically significantly different from those at T1 (P 0.05). SSP can significantly reduce postoperative shoulder pain and improve joint functions than AMP, but it cannot shorten the rotator cuff healing time.
Accessing knowledge of the ‘here and now’: a new technique for capturing electromagnetic markers of orientation processing

Objective. The ability to orient with respect to the current context (e.g. current time or location) is crucial for daily functioning, and is used to measure overall cognitive health across many frontline clinical assessments. However, these tests are often hampered by their reliance on verbal probes (e.g. ‘What city are we in? ’) in evaluating orientation. Objective, physiology-based measures of orientation processing are needed, but no such measures are currently in existence. We report the initial development of potential brainwave-based markers of orientation processing as characterized using electroencephlography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Approach. An auditory stimulus sequence embedded with words corresponding to orientation-relevant (i.e. related to the ‘here and now’) and orientation-irrelevant (i.e. unrelated to the current context) conditions was used to elicit orientation processing responses. EEG/MEG data, in concert with clinical assessments, were collected from 29 healthy adults. Analysis at sensor and source levels identified and characterized neural signals related to orientation processing. Main results. Orientation-irrelevant stimuli elicited increased negative amplitude in EEG-derived event-related potential (ERP) waveforms during the 390–570 ms window (p < 0.05), with cortical activations across the left frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. These effects are consistent with the well-known N400 response to semantic incongruence. In contrast, ERP responses to orientation-relevant stimuli exhibited increased positive amplitude during the same interval (p < 0.05), with activations across the bilateral temporal and parietal regions. Importantly, these differential responses were robust at the individual level, with machine-learning classification showing high accuracy (89%), sensitivity (0.88) and specificity (0.90). Significance. This is the first demonstration of a neurotechnology platform that elicits, captures, and evaluates electrophysiological markers of orientation processing. We demonstrate neural responses to orientation stimuli that are validated across EEG and MEG modalities and robust at the individual level. The extraction of physiology-based markers through this technique may enable improved objective brain functional evaluation in clinical applications.
A microwave-assisted liquefaction as a pretreatment for the bioethanol production by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corn meal.

A microwave-assisted liquefaction as a pretreatment for the bioethanol production by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of corn meal using Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus yeast in a batch system was studied. An optimal power of microwaves of 80 W and the 5-min duration of the microwave treatment were selected by following the concentration of glucose released from the corn meal suspensions at hidromodul of 1:3 (corn meal to water ratio) in the liquefaction step. The results indicated that the microwave pretreatment could increase the maximum ethanol concentration produced in the SSF process for 13.4 %. Consequently, a significant increase of the ethanol productivity on substrate (YP/S), as well as the volumetric ethanol productivity (P) in this process, could be achieved.
Consequences of protein supplementation on anorexia and expression of immunity in two parasitized sheep breeds

The periparturient breakdown of immunity to paras ites has a nutritional basis and it is likely to be associated with host production potential. However, not much is known whether periparturient hosts experience a reduction in food intake (anorexia). Here we investigate: (i) whether parasite infection during the periparturient period results in anorexia and protein supplementation can affect the degree of anorexia in periparturient ewes; and (ii) whether breeds that differ in production potential differ also in the extent of the breakdown of immunity and the degree of anorexia. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was used with two breeds of twin-bea ring ewes (Greyface cross, G (n = 32) and Scottish Blackface, B (n = 32)). Half of the ewes in each breed were trickle infected with 30,000 larvae per week of the abomasal parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta, while the other half was not infected. In addition, half of the ewes in each infection treatment in each breed were fed either a high or a low protein diet. Infection with T. circumcincta resulted in breakdown of immunity and in a reduction in food intake in both breeds. The study has shown that breeds can differ in the extent of the breakdown of immunity, but these breed differences were not associated with a significant difference in the degree of anorexia. The results showed that protein supplementation can assist periparturient ewes in reducing the breakdown of immunity, but protein supplementation did not significantly affect the degree of anorexia.