Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interacting effects of selected trace and toxic metals on thyroid function

Interacting effects of blood levels of manganese (Mn), selenium, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury, and serum levels of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) on thyroid function in general US population were evaluated. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2011–2012 were used for this evaluation. The variables used to evaluate thyroid function were as follows: thyroid-stimulating hormone, free and total triiodothyronine (FT3, TT3), free and total thyroxine (FT4, TT4), and thyroglobulin (Tg). Levels of FT4 were positively associated with the levels of copper and negatively associated with the levels of Fe for males only. Elevated levels of Mn and Fe were associated with increased levels of FT3 for both males and females. TT4 had a positive association with the levels of Cu and a negative association with the levels of Fe for both males and females.
Large-Scale Multiple Cell Upsets in 90 nm Commercial SRAMs During Neutron Irradiation

During neutron irradiation of 4-Mb SRAMs, large-scale multiple cell upsets (MCUs) were observed. These were observed in 90-nm devices at accelerated test facilities providing fission, fusion, and spallation neutron environments. The MCUs are shown to manifest themselves in 2-D patterns encompassing scores of cells, which, even with bit interleaving, lead to uncorrectable multiple bit upsets (MBU) in the same word. The mechanism behind the MCU appears to be micro-latching within blocks of the memory array that are powered up sequentially during the read cycle of the device.
GLYCOLYTIC CONTROL MECHANISMS. I. INHIBITION OF GLYCOLYSIS BY ACETATE AND PYRUVATE IN THE ISOLATED, PERFUSED RAT HEART.

Earlier studies with the perfused rat heart have shown that the rate of glycolysis was inhibited by the addition of fatt)y acids or ketone bodies to the perfusion medium (l-4). The rate of glucose phosphorylation was shown to be an important factor determining the over-all rate of glucose uptake by the heart when membrane transport was stimulated by insulin. On the basis of changes in the tissue content of glucose B-phosphate, fructose 6phosphate, and fructose 1,6-diphosphate in the presence and absence of fatty acids, ketone bodies, or pyruvate, Newsholme, Randle, and Manchest’er (2) proposed that phosphofructokinase was the rate-limiting step of glycolysis in the perfused rat heart, and t,hat the activit,y of phosphofructokinase was decreased during the oxidation of these metabolic substrates. Decreased phosphofructokinase activity resulted in increased levels of glucose-6-P, and it was further proposed that hexokinase, being product-inhibited, was limited by the accumulation of glucose6-P. Reports from several laboratories (5-8) have since suggested that citrat,e may have an important role in the regulation of glycolysis, as indicated by the ability of citrate to inhibit phosphofructokinase in the cell-free system, and its accumulat’ion in cardiac muscle under conditions of low carbohydrate utilization (6-8). Variations in the citrate content of a tissue such as the heart, which maintains a fairly constant respiratory acGvity under conditions of constant work, is of great interest in terms of the over-all regulation of t,he citric acid cycle, and is a problem which merits furt’her attention. In this investigation, isotopic glucose was used to determine the major pathways of glucose metabolism in the presence and absence of insulin: after the addition of either acetate or pyruvate to the perfusion medium. These substrates were chosen as suitable fuels to compete with glucose for respiration, since they have previously been shown to be readily metabolized by the perfused rat heart (9, 10). The levels of most of the glycolytic intermediates, the adenine and pyridine nucleotides, and several of the citric acid cycle intermediates and related amino acids have been measured after the addition of either acetate or pyruvate to hearts perfused with glucose, in order to gain further insight into the mechanisms involved in the control of glycolytic activity. The mass action ratios of the glycolytic reactions, calculated on the basis of the observed intermediate levels,
Flexibility in the semantics and syntax of children's early verb use.

Linguistic communication almost always concerns events, actions, or states of affairs. Declaratives or informatives invite the listener to attend to some event, action, or state of affairs, and imperatives or directives enjoin the listener to do something to bring about a desired action or state of affairs. Thus, even when young children are using object labels as single word utterances, from the point of view of the communicative intention as a whole there is almost always some underlying event or action at issue. When the infant exclaims ‘‘Airplane! ’’ she is exhorting her mother to attend to it or to notice its presence, and when the infant requests ‘‘Juice! ’’ she is rousing her mother into action to satisfy her desire. One could argue that the appropriate gloss of such utterances is something along the lines of ‘‘Look at the airplane! ’’ (or ‘‘The airplane is there! ’’) and ‘‘Get me some juice! ’’ The action or state of affairs intended, and its corresponding verb, is implicit; the utterance is what has been called a holophrase. The one potential exception is naming objects. But naming objects is actually a kind of metalinguistic speech act. It is not using language but rather ‘‘mentioning’’ it, mostly teaching it. Western, middle-class parents do this with some regularity with their children, and their children learn the names and then show off by using them in return. But in many other cultures the pedagogical or demonstrative naming of objects is a very rare type of speech act and plays very little role in the acquisition of language.
Disordered eating attitudes among Canadian teenagers.

It is unfortunate that Jennifer Jones and colleagues[1][1] did not discuss the results of 2 previously published surveys of maladaptive eating attitudes among school-aged Canadians. In 1982 my colleagues and I surveyed 5150 male and female students aged 12 to 20 years, using the original 40-question
FORMATION OF TAMOXIFEN-DNA ADDUCTS VIA O-SULFONATION, NOT O-ACETYLATION, OF α-HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN IN RAT AND HUMAN LIVERS

Tamoxifen (TAM) is used as the standard endocrine therapy for breast cancer patients and as a chemopreventive agent for women at high risk for this disease. Unfortunately, treatment of TAM increases the incidence of endometrial cancer; this may be due to the genotoxic damage induced by TAM metabolites. Formation of TAM-DNA adducts in rat liver correlates with the development of hepatocarcinoma. TAM-DNA adducts are proposed to be formed through O-sulfonation and/or O-acetylation of α-hydroxylated TAM and its metabolites. However, the role of O-sulfonation and O-acetylation in the formation of TAM-DNA adducts has not been extensively investigated. Rat or human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases (HST), acetyltransferases, and liver cytosol were incubated with calf thymus DNA, α-OHTAM, and either 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) or acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) as a cofactor and analyzed for TAM-DNA adduct formation, using 32P postlableling/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. TAM-DNA adduct was formed when PAPS, not acetyl-CoA, was used. No TAM-DNA adducts were produced using human N-acetyltransferase I and II. HST antibody inhibited approximately 90% of TAM-DNA adduct formation generated by the cytosol or HST, suggesting that HST is primarily involved in the formation of TAM-DNA adducts. The formation of TAM-DNA adducts with rat liver cytosol and HST was much higher than that of human liver cytosol and HST. Our results indicate that TAM-DNA adducts are formed via O-sulfonation, not O-acetylation, of α-hydroxylated TAM and its metabolites.
Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia Is a Risk Factor of Secondary Vascular Events in Stroke Patients

Objective: Moderate hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is an independent risk factor for stroke, but it is unclear whether it also would be a risk factor for secondary vascular events after stroke. Methods: Longitudinal study of 137 consecutive ischemic stroke patients (age 45–91 years) who were prospectively studied with a standard clinical protocol. Vascular events (stroke recurrence, ischemic heart disease, deep venous thrombosis or peripheral arterial disease) were identified during 2 years of follow-up. Serum homocyst(e)ine was determined 3 months after the stroke. The cumulative proportion of patients with homocyst(e)ine above or below the 75th percentile who survived free of vascular events was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox models were used to estimate the relative risk of vascular events after controlling for other confounding factors. Results: Serum homocyst(e)ine was significantly higher in patients with vascular events (26.2 versus 19.4 µmol/l; p = 0.016). The cumulative proportion of patients with vascular events was 46.5% in the group with homocyst(e)ine over the 75th percentile (>30 µmol/l) and 20.2% in the other group (log-rank test 7.5; p = 0.0062). After adjustment for age, sex, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, previous cerebrovascular disease, smoking and serum cholesterol, the relative risk of vascular event for patients above compared with those below the 75th percentile of serum homocyst(e)ine was 2.8 (CI 95% 1.3–6; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is a significant risk factor for vascular events after ischemic stroke. This finding is independent of other risk factors such as hypertension, and may have therapeutic relevance in the secondary prevention of vascular diseases in stroke patients.
Analysis of Retinol Concentrations in Bovine Liver and Its Habitual Consumption by Pregnant Women

Aims: The objectives of this study were to analyze retinol concentrations in two groups of bovine liver, to estimate the habitual consumption of bovine liver among pregnant women, and, based on these data, to evaluate the women’s ingestion of vitamin A. Method: 60 samples of bovine liver, 30 of the Nelore breed and 30 of undefined breed (UB), were analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for retinol dosage. 100 women under care at the University Maternity Hospital Januário Cicco, UFRN, in Natal, RN, Brazil, completed the Frequency of Nourishment Questionnaire. Results: The mean ± SD values for the retinol concentrations in the liver samples of the Nelore breed and the UB groups were 16,947.8 ± 6,866.9 and 5,213.1 ± 2,517.2 µg of retinol/100 g, respectively. A high number of women consumed liver (73%) and in 71% of the cases the advice for the consumption of this food was provided by qualified professionals. Conclusion: It is concluded that the daily consumption of the bovine liver is not recommended for pregnant women, regardless of the genetic origin of the animal. The study alert health professionals of the danger of recommending the ingestion of bovine liver during pregnancy.
On the ergodic secrecy rate of multiple-antenna wiretap channels using artificial noise and finite-rate feedback

We consider the problem of secure communication in wireless fading channels in the presence of quantized version of the receivers channel sate information at transmit side. The transmitter has multiple antennas and is able to simultaneously transmits an information bearing signal and artificial noise. For general values of signal to noise ratio (SNR), we obtain the exact closed-form expression for the distribution function of output signal to interference plus noise ratio at the legitimate receiver and a lower bound of the ergodic secrecy capacity can be obtain by using simple numerical integration. For the interference-limited case, we obtained a closed-form expression for a lower bound of secrecy capacity. Our results apply to arbitrary number of antennas and number of feedback bits. The analytical and numerical results show that the ergodic secrecy capacity lower bound approaches to a constant as the SNR of system grows large. In addition, we find that, for system with reasonable number of feedback bits, the optimal power allocation strategy should allocate most of the available power to the information signal.
The Nongenotoxic Hepatocarcinogens Diethylhexylphthalate and Methylclofenapate Induce DNA Synthesis Preferentially in Octoploid Rat Hepatocytes

Diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), a rodent carcinogen, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB), a noncarcinogen in rat liver, are potent hepatomitogens. We have reported previously that 7-day dosing with DEHP induced a higher bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (LI) in binuclear octoploid (2×4N) rat hepatocytes than did DCB, suggesting that induction of DNA synthesis in 2×4N hepatocytes might represent a more substantial carcinogenic risk. We compared 2 additional rodent hepatocarcinogens, methylclofenapate (MCP) and phenobarbitone, with ethylene thiourea (ETU), a noncarcinogenic hepatomitogen in rat. All 3 chemicals increased hepatic LI; the 8N population had the highest LI, but only the carcinogens increased LI in the 2×4N and 4N populations. To identify the target population for induction of DNA synthesis, we used a 1-hour pulse label at the peak of induction. The results were consistent with the 7-day data, and again the highest LI was in the 8N population. The nongenotoxic rodent carcinogens MCP and DEHP induced a significant increase in the LI in the 2×4N population, whereas ETU and DCB did not. These data support the hypothesis that increased DNA synthesis within the minority 2×4N population may be more significant for subsequent hepatocarcinogenesis.
Crisis distributiva en el Perú

Este libro tuvo base en desequilibrios macroeconomicos convencionales, tales como las crisis fiscales y externas por lo cual el autor anade la idea de una crisis distributiva. Despues de una discusion teorica, Figueroa aplica su modelo a la crisis peruana, que asume se basa en una crisis distributiva. Concluye que el pais no va a resolver sus problemas economicos hasta que se resuelva la crisis distributiva.
The Intelligent Robot Contents for Children with Speech-Language Disorder

The purpose of this study is the development of language-intervention content, “Special Friend, iRobiQ. ” The play-robot content serves various roles: The promotion of language interaction for children with speechlanguage disorders; an interlocutor friend (Talking Friend, iRobiQ); the transmission of data for diagnosis and evaluation between parents and experts; and a monitor for the supervisor of the speech-language disorder children outside of a therapy setting (Helping Friend, iRobiQ). This content design used a script approach, which provides entertaining educational elements for speech-language disorder children, as a player and learner. It has greetings and a birthday celebration script (cake, gift, song), with the theme of the practical language goals necessary for speech-language disorder children. The format provides a platform for the exchange of emotions as a peer. When examining the effectiveness of its adaptability for use in the field, four certified speech-language therapists used the content with four autism/MR (Mental Retardation) children who were 4–5 years old over eight sessions in October 2012. The children learned to initiate conversations with the robot with the emotional exchange of expressions, as reported positively. These results suggest the future development of speech-language therapist assistant robots.
La especialización intraindustrial en MERCOSUR

El intercambio comercial entre Argentina y Brasil tiene un componente intraindustrial relevante. Desde fines de los ochenta, al menos la mitad del comercio de manufacturas entre ambos paises es intraindustrial, y con el inicio del proceso de integracion economica esto se profundizo. Dos conjuntos industriales se destacan: por un lado, lo que hemos denominado el complejo automotriz, y por otro, productos quimicos. En la decada de los noventa, el primero era el que lideraba el intercambio de manufacturas entre estos paises. Alrededor de la mitad del comercio -tanto total como intraindustrial- se da en ese complejo . Esta estructura se ha modificado significativamente en la presente decada ya que los automotores pasaron a representar un tercio del comercio. Los productos quimicos tienen creciente importancia en el intercambio bilateral, con niveles de comercio intra industrial que superan el 70%. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar los posibles vinculos entre la especializacion intraindustrial y el desempeno productivo en Argentina y Brasil bajo la hipotesis que la especializacion a que da lugar el comercio intraindustrial redundara en mejoras en la productividad. Los distintos ejercicios econometricos realizados mediante la tecnica de panel de datos no rechazan nuestra hipotesis. Esto es, la especializacion intraindustrial tiene un efecto positivo sobre la productividad de la mano de obra, aunque el mismo no es de una magnitud considerable. La especializacion intraindustrial, inducida -entre otras causas- por el proceso de integracion regional ha favorecido una secuencia virtuosa de mejora del desempeno manufacturero de los paises involucrados.
Prenatal Maternal Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Preterm Birth and the Effects of Heterogeneity on This Relationship: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background. Systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MA) that previously explored the relationship between prenatal maternal anxiety (PMA) and preterm birth (PTB) have not been comprehensive in study inclusion, failing to account for effects of heterogeneity and disagree in their conclusions. Objectives. This SRMA provides a summary of the published evidence of the relationship between PMA and PTB while examining methodological and statistical sources of heterogeneity. Methods. Published studies from MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, until June 2015, were extracted and reviewed. Results. Of the 37 eligible studies, 31 were used in this MA; six more were subsequently excluded due to statistical issues, substantially reducing the heterogeneity. The odds ratio for PMA was 1.70 (95% CI 1.33, 2.18) for PTB and 1.67 (95% CI 1.35, 2.07) for spontaneous PTB comparing higher levels of anxiety to lower levels. Conclusions. Consistent findings indicate a significant association between PMA and PTB. Due to the statistical problem of including collinear variables in a single regression model, it is hard to distinguish the effect of the various types of psychosocial distress on PTB. However, a prenatal program aimed at addressing mental health issues could be designed and evaluated using a randomised controlled trial to assess the causal nature of different aspects of mental health on PTB.
MqsR, a Crucial Regulator for Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation, Is a GCU-specific mRNA Interferase in Escherichia coli*

The mqsR gene has been shown to be positively regulated by the quorum-sensing autoinducer AI-2, which in turn activates a two-component system, the qseB-qseC operon. This operon plays an important role in biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. However, its cellular function has remained unknown. Here, we found that 1 base downstream of mqsR there is a gene, ygiT, that is co-transcribed with mqsR. Induction of mqsR caused cell growth arrest, whereas ygiT co-induction recovered cell growth. We demonstrate that MqsR (98 amino acid residues), which has no homology to the well characterized mRNA interferase MazF, is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis that functions by degrading cellular mRNAs. In vivo and in vitro primer extension experiments showed that MqsR is an mRNA interferase specifically cleaving mRNAs at GCU. The mRNA interferase activity of purified MqsR was inhibited by purified YgiT (131 residues). MqsR forms a stable 2:1 complex with YgiT, and the complex likely functions as a repressor for the mqsR-ygiT operon by specifically binding to two different palindromic sequences present in the 5′-untranslated region of this operon.
The Primary Care Nurse Practitioner: Advocate for Self Care

Purpose To critically analyze the role of the primary care nurse practitioner (NP) as advocate in promoting health through self care. Data Sources Selected philosophical and theoretical texts and articles, scientific literature, professional standards, and ethical arguments. Conclusions Philosophical reasoning and nursing theory must be used to validate and direct human practice. If self‐care and well‐being are desirable as an end and are defined as a movement toward self‐determination, then the philosophical goal of the NP must be the protection and promotion of self care and autonomy through client advocacy. Implications for Practice The role of the NP must be defined by its philosophy of care rather than by its function. The influence of philosophical reasoning, nursing, and critical social theory impact the ability of the NP to promote self‐care through advocacy. Understanding the lived experience is an essential component of advocacy.
Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use at a psychiatric hospital

Corresponding Author: Márcia Astrês Fernandes Universidade Federal do Piauí Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portela, Bairro Ininga, Bloco 12 CEP: 64049-550 , Teresina, PI, Brasil E-mail: m.astres@ufpi.edu. br 1 PhD, Adjunct Professor, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. RN, Hospital Psiquiátrico Areolino de Abreu, Teresina, PI, Brazil. 2 Undergraduate student in Nursing, Centro Universitário Uninovafapi, Teresina, PI, Brazil. 3 MSc, Assistent Professor, Centro Universitário Uninovafapi, Teresina, PI, Brazil. RN, Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas III (CAPS-AD III), Teresina, PI, Brazil. 4 MSc, Assistent Professor, Centro Universitário Uninovafapi, Teresina, PI, Brazil. RN, Fundação Municipal de Saúde, Teresina, PI, Brazil. 5 Master’s student, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. RN, Prontomed, Teresina, PI, Brazil. Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use at a psychiatric hospital