Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Report of a case of Raine syndrome and literature review

We report on a case of Raine syndrome with a mutation in FAM20C and typical phenotypic features consisting of midface hypoplasia, hypoplastic nose, choanal atresia, wide fontanelle, exophthalmos, generalized osteosclerosis and intracranial calcification. New features in our patient are cerebellar hypoplasia and pachygyria. We review the literature and conclude that the triad of hypoplastic nose, exophthalmos and generalized osteosclerosis and/or intracranial calcification is consistent in all molecularly confirmed cases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Energy landscapes and properties of biomolecules

Thermodynamic and dynamic properties of biomolecules can be calculated using a coarse-grained approach based upon sampling stationary points of the underlying potential energy surface. The superposition approximation provides an overall partition function as a sum of contributions from the local minima, and hence functions such as internal energy, entropy, free energy and the heat capacity. To obtain rates we must also sample transition states that link the local minima, and the discrete path sampling method provides a systematic means to achieve this goal. A coarse-grained picture is also helpful in locating the global minimum using the basin-hopping approach. Here we can exploit a fictitious dynamics between the basins of attraction of local minima, since the objective is to find the lowest minimum, rather than to reproduce the thermodynamics or dynamics.
The Impact and Determinants of Environmental Taxation on Economic Growth Communities in Romania

Environmental taxation represents a key influence on sustainable development in post-transition countries. Romania has experienced important transformations of environmental policy, including taxation, due to sustained reliance on traditional energy sources to satisfy its energy needs. The aim of this paper is to show a possible causal relationship between the Romanian GDP and several explanatory variables related to taxation of environmental damage and energy generation and consumption in the country. In order to do this, the authors make use of several statistical tests to verify the existence of a meaningful relationship between economic variables expressed in time series. The study has also attempted to identify the influence of environmental taxation on ensuring green economic development, starting from the premise that for emergent economies these taxes provide both a GDP increase and prevent environmental degradation by decreasing the pollution and environmentally harmful supplies and practices.
Do Financial Incentives Linked to Ownership of Specialty Hospitals Affect Physicians’ Practice Patterns?

Background:Although physician-owned specialty hospitals have become increasingly prevalent in recent years, little research has examined whether the financial incentives linked to ownership influence physicians’ referral rates for services performed at the specialty hospital. Objective:We compared the practice patterns of physician owners of specialty hospitals in Oklahoma, before and after ownership, to the practice patterns of physician nonowners who treated similar cases over the same time period in Oklahoma markets without physician-owned specialty hospitals. Research Design:We constructed episodes of care for injured workers with a primary diagnosis of back/spine disorders. We used pre–post comparisons and difference-in-differences analysis to evaluate changes in practice patterns for physician owners and nonowners over the time period spanned by the entry of the specialty hospital. Results:Findings suggest the introduction of financial incentives linked to ownership coincided with a significant change in the practice patterns of physician owners, whereas such changes were not evident among physician nonowners. After physicians established ownership interests in a specialty hospital, the frequency of use of surgery, diagnostic, and ancillary services used in the treatment of injured workers with back/spine disorders increased significantly. Conclusions:Physician ownership of specialty hospitals altered the frequency of use for an array of procedures rendered to patients treated at these hospitals. Given the growth in physician-owned specialty hospitals, these findings suggest that health care expenditures will be substantially greater for patients treated at these institutions relative to persons who obtain care from nonself-referral providers.
A Physiological Appraisal of Aerobic Riding in Women

&NA; Khan, S. , and E.M. Peters. A physiological appraisal of aerobic riding in women. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):416–421. 2004. —The aim of this study was to compare selected acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of exercise on a Fitness Flyer (FF) aerobic rider to those of treadmill (TM) running. Fourteen women, aged 23–35 years, performed incremental exercise tests to exhaustion on the TM and FF. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), SymbolO2, and ventilatory equivalent (VEq) were compared in each subject during each phase of the exercise protocols, and blood lactate concentrations were measured before and 2–3 minutes after the exercise tests on the 2 modalities. Peak SymbolO2 was higher (p < 0.05) on the TM than on the FF. Mean submaximal HR and VEq at a given SymbolO2 was, however, higher on the FF than on the TM (p < 0.05). Maximum mean energy expenditure on the FF corresponded with mean energy expenditure on the TM at 8 km·h‐1 at an 18% gradient. Posttest blood lactate concentrations and RPE were higher on the FF than on the TM (p < 0.05). The results indicate that although exercising on an FF elicits less maximal cardiorespiratory response than does TM running, the FF may be better suited to developing local muscle endurance in the thigh muscles. Symbol. No caption available.
An early blastocyst of the lesser bush baby (Galago senegalensis senegalensis); a preliminary account.

Preliminary field observations (Butler, 1957) indicated that, in the province of Kordofan, early pregnancy in the Lesser Bush Baby (Galago senegalenis senegalensis) should be encountered in late November or early December. A further field expedi-tion, made in early December 1957, collected eight uteri and six of these contained early pregnancies. All the uteri were fixed in Bouin's fluid within an hour or less of death. So far, one pregnant uterus has been serially sectioned at 51i and it shows a blastocyst with a most unusual mode of implantation. The pregnant horn of the uterus (measured after fixation) is approximately 9 0 mm. long and has a maximum diameter of 5 0 mm. ; the non-pregnant horn is slightly less than half this size. A graphic reconstruction (Text-fig. 1) shows that
From frugivore to folivore: Altitudinal variations in the diet and feeding ecology of the Bioko Island drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis)

Variation in the quality and availability of food resources can greatly influence the ecology, behavior, and conservation of wild primates. We studied the influence of altitudinal differences in resource availability on diet in wild drill monkeys (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. We compared fecal samples (n = 234) collected across three consecutive dry seasons for drills living in lowland (0–300 m asl) forest with nearby (18 km distance) drills living in montane forest (500–1000 m asl) in the Gran Caldera Southern Highlands Scientific Reserve. Lowland forest drills had a frugivorous diet very similar to that reported from studies on nearby mainland drills (M. l. leucophaeus) and mandrills (M. sphinx), with fruits comprising 90% of their dried fecal samples. However drills living in montane forest had a more folivorous diet, with herbaceous pith, leaves and fungi comprising 74% of their dried fecal samples and fruit becoming a minor component (24%). Furthermore, a dietary preference index indicated that the differences in the proportion of fruit and fibrous vegetation in the diets of lowland compared to montane drills was not simply a result of relative availability. Montane drills were actively consuming a higher mass of the available fruits and fibrous vegetation, a condition reflected in the greater mass of their fresh feces. Our results demonstrate the unexpected flexibility and complexity of dietary choices of this endangered species in two adjacent habitat types, a comparison of considerable importance for many other limited‐range species faced with habitat loss and climate change. Am. J. Primatol. 77:1263–1275, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medical and Endovascular Treatment of Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion Presenting with Mild Symptoms: An Observational Multicenter Study

Background: A significant proportion of stroke patients presenting with mild symptoms does not have a successful recovery, especially when a large vessel is occluded. IV thrombolysis is safe and may benefit patients presenting with mild symptoms. In this study, we tested whether endovascular therapy (ET) is superior to medical therapy in these patients. Methods: Observational, prospectively collected, multicenter study of 78 consecutive patients admitted from 2009 to 2012 within 6 h of stroke, with NIHSS ≤5 at presentation or during initial diagnostic work-up and large vessel occlusion. Data for patients undergoing ET and/or IV thrombolysis were taken from the SONIIA registry of reperfusion therapies in Catalonia, or from our local stroke registry if no reperfusion therapy was delivered. We compared risk factors, clinical course, collateral circulation, revascularization rates, hemorrhagic complications, infarct volume, and the functional outcome at 3 months of patients treated with ET and those not receiving ET. Ordinal regression was used to assess the independent effect of ET on functional outcome. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar for ET (n = 34) and medically (n = 44) treated patients, except for older age in the latter. The occlusions were located in the terminal internal carotid artery (1%), M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (33%), M2 segment (30%), posterior circulation (31%), and 5% of the patients had tandem lesions, with no significant differences between groups. Most patients in both treatment groups had good collateral flow. The rate of successful revascularization (91.2 vs. 63.4%; p = 0.006) and the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (11.8 vs. 0%; p = 0.033) were higher in the ET group. The NIHSS scores were similar at hospital arrival, after initial neuroimaging, and at 24 h in both treatment groups and there were no significant differences in the infarct volume in a follow-up MRI. At 3 months, 35.9% of the patients had some disability. The functional outcome was similar in both treatment groups in univariate analysis and also in models adjusted for age and initial NIHSS or for variables associated to functional outcome on univariate comparison. Conversely, IV thrombolysis was associated with significantly greater chances of full recovery after adjusting for baseline differences (OR 3.70, p = 0.015). Conclusions: One third of stroke patients with mild symptoms and large vessel occlusions do not have a successful recovery. ET is effective to recanalize the occluded vessel but increases the risk of serious bleeding significantly without improving the functional outcome, and is therefore not justified routinely in these patients.
Clinical and radiological assessment of periapical wound healing of endodontically treated teeth using two different root canal filling materials.

1Radu M. Chisnoiu, 1Ovidiu Păstrav, 1Ada Delean, 2Petre D. Chisnoiu, 3Mihaela Păstrav, 4Andrea M. Chisnoiu 1 Department of Odontology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alba Iulia Emergency Regional Hospital, Romania; 3 Department of Orthodontics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 4 Department of Prosthodontics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Ocean bottom pressure changes lead to a decreasing length‐of‐day in a warming climate

We use a coupled climate model to evaluate ocean bottom pressure changes in the IPCC‐A1B climate scenario. Ocean warming in the 21st and 22nd centuries causes secular oceanic bottom pressure anomalies. The essential feature is a net mass transfer onto shallow shelf areas from the deeper ocean areas, which exhibit negative bottom pressure anomalies. We develop a simple mass redistribution model that explains this mechanism. Regionally, however, distinct patterns of bottom pressure anomalies emerge due to spatially inhomogeneous warming and ocean circulation changes. Most prominently, the Arctic Ocean shelves experience an above‐average bottom pressure increase. We find a net transfer of mass from the Southern to the Northern Hemisphere, and a net movement of mass closer towards Earth's axis of rotation. Thus, ocean warming and the ensuing mass redistribution change the length‐of‐day by −0.12 ms within 200 years, demonstrating that the oceans are capable of exciting nontidal length‐of‐day changes on decadal and longer timescales.
Effects of glibenclamide on ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac function in ischaemia and reperfusion in isolated rat heart.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the effects of glibenclamide, a specific blocker of the ATP sensitive potassium channel, on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and the functional changes occurring during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. METHODS Hearts (n = 10 per group) were obtained from male Wistar rats, weight 250-300 g. The study was performed in isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts subjected to ligation of the left coronary artery and reperfusion. Because of the occurrence of arrhythmias, cardiac function was not evaluated during reperfusion. Glibenclamide (1 or 10 microM) was added to the perfusion solution before the coronary artery occlusion, during ischaemia or after reperfusion. In some experiments the incidence of various durations of ischaemia (5, 10, 15, and 30 min) was evaluated. RESULTS During the preischaemic period, glibenclamide induced a marked reduction in coronary flow, with a slight decrease in heart rate and left ventricular pressure. The ischaemia induced decrease in left ventricular pressure was markedly attenuated when glibenclamide was given before ischaemia. Thus the isovolumetric left ventricular pressure measured after 15 min ischaemia, which represents 59(SEM 6)% of the preischaemic value in the control group, was increased to 82(9) and 94(8)% in presence of glibenclamide (1 and 10 microM, p < 0.05 respectively). The effect was less pronounced when glibenclamide was added to the perfusion fluid during the ischaemic period. None of the hearts showed ventricular fibrillation during the ischaemic period. Glibenclamide (1 and 10 microM) did not reduce the incidence of reperfusion induced ventricular fibrillation. However, a defibrillatory action was observed since glibenclamide reduced the duration of ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Glibenclamide may increase the probability of spontaneous termination of ventricular fibrillation and facilitate the restoration of the myocardial function during regional ischaemia.
Retailer's Shelf-Space and Pricing Decisions under Revenue Sharing Contracts

In some retail contexts, retailers can often stimulate product sales by offering a price discount or allocating more shelf or display space. The retailer's shelf-space and pricing decisions can affect not only the retailer's profitability but also the supplier's profitability. This paper investigates the impact of revenue sharing contracts on the retailer's shelf-space and pricing decisions. Consider a two-echelon supply chain with a supplier supplying a certain product to a retailer facing non-linear inventory holding costs and the customer demand that depends on both the price of the product and the shelf space allocated. We firstly provide the equilibrium of the optimal decisions of the retailer and the supplier when no revenue sharing contract is offered. Then we consider the case where the supplier replenishes the retailer's shelf under a revenue sharing contract. It is shown that a properly designed revenue sharing contract can increase the profit of the manufacture, comparing to the benchmark case. Finally we conclude that revenue sharing contracts still can not coordinate the supply chain.
Health-related quality of life among osteoarthritis patients attending primary care clinics of Mangalore city

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common type of arthritis of the elderly among Asians. Reports suggest that it affects the quality of life. Hence, this study was undertaken with the objective to know the impact of OA of the knee on 8 domains of health related quality of life (HRQoL) which include: (1) Physical functioning (PF), (2) role limitation due to physical health (RP). (3) Emotional well-being/mental health (MH), (4) role limitation due to emotional problems (RE), (5) energy/vitality, (6) social well-being (short form [SF]), (7) body pain, (8) general health. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in primary care rural clinics situated on peripheral areas of Mangalore city. Total sample size was calculated to be 77. Patients who met the criteria of modified American Rheumatologic Association Classification for OA of knee were administered a SF-36 questionnaire to measure the HRQoL in the local language version. Mean scores (with its standard deviation) across each domain was calculated. Results: Of 80 patients, 38 were males. OA affected HRQoL. Four out 8 factors had more impact on HRQoL (they are PF, RP, MH, RE). Duration of OA is an important determinant on HRQoL. Patients with newer onset of OA ( 4 years) of OA (Domain, Mean), the emotional impact (MH, 44.67; RE, 45.67) reduced but the physical impact (PF, 47.83; RP, 19.75) persisted/got worse. Conclusion: Osteoarthritis had impact on HRQoL. Duration of OA determines the kind of impact. With the onset of OA emotional/mental support would be needed in addition to the medical treatment. As the disease progresses, they tend to cope with emotional/mental problems even as the physical problems persist/increase.
Presenting a diagnosis of cancer: patients' views.

BACKGROUND Although in general, patients in the United States are now told if they have been diagnosed as having cancer, little information is available either about the way in which this is done or about patients' satisfaction with how they are told. METHODS Thirty-two patients were interviewed who had been given a diagnosis of cancer; one half were being treated at a comprehensive cancer center and one half at a community hospital. The study instrument, presented in a semistructured interview conducted by psychosocial clinicians, included specific questions about the setting and the manner in which the patients were told, their reactions to the diagnosis, and their suggestions of how physicians should inform others who have to be informed of a similar diagnosis. RESULTS All patients were told of their diagnosis by a physician; 84% of the time the diagnosis was given in person. Patients said that being told with hope, information, and caring, and with respect for their privacy and wishes to have a supportive person present were particularly helpful. Almost 40% of patients reported at the time of the interview that their hopes were directed toward remission and optimal quality of life rather than toward a cure. Four of the six patients whose conditions had initially been misdiagnosed described subsequent mistrust of information received from physicians. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the importance of a physician providing hope for and fostering trust in patients to whom they are presenting the diagnosis of cancer. The results indicate that physicians' help in providing treatment information contributes more to hope than does cheerfulness or optimism, and that patients who have been given a misdiagnosis require special consideration in order to reestablish trust.
The effect of clockwise and counterclockwise twisting moments on abutment screw loosening.

OBJECTIVES Abutment screw loosening is one of the most common complications of dental implants. When occlusal loading is applied, bending and twisting moments are counteracted by the implant-abutment connection held with the abutment screw. Restorations in different quarters of the oral cavity might bear clockwise or counterclockwise twisting moments that result from a regular chewing pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different directional twisting moments on abutment screws. METHODS Twenty 3i implants were divided into four groups of C, R, L, and O. Each assembly consisted of an implant, abutment, and superstructure. For group C, a cyclic load of 10-100 N for 10(6) cycles was applied centrally and perpendicular to the long axis of the implant, whereas for groups R and L, the same load conditions were applied eccentrically in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively. Group O was left unloaded. The difference between the initial torque and post-load reverse torque was defined as the total torque loss. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. The surface of the abutment hexagon corners were examined with SEM after loading. RESULTS No abutment screw loosening was found after loading. Total torque loss of groups C, R, L, and O were 10.50 ± 0.58, 9.56 ± 1.01, 9.98 ± 1.81, and 9.58 ± 0.94 Ncm, respectively. There were no statistical differences among the four groups. SEM observations showed marked burnishing at the hexagonal corners on the compression sides of the R and L groups. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, there was little effect of twisting moment direction on the total torque loss of an internal hexagon connection implant system. This could be attributed to the anti-twisting mechanism of the internal hexagon connection.
The Role of Game Elements in Online Learning within Health Professions Education

Given the highly competitive and motivating nature of today's students, gamification, when properly implemented, can be an effective learning tool. Here we studied which gamification (gaming) elements that medical students would be interested in having when using an online learning system to acquire clinical skills. Focus groups sessions were held with medical students, game developers, and game designers to develop an understanding about their perception and preferences regarding gamification. Overall it was determined that gamification will lead to increased engagement and motivation and should include both competitive and social elements.
Progressive segregation of the Escherichia coli chromosome

We have followed the fate of 14 different loci around the Escherichia coli chromosome in living cells at slow growth rate using a highly efficient labelling system and automated measurements. Loci are segregated as they are replicated, but with a marked delay. Most markers segregate in a smooth temporal progression from origin to terminus. Thus, the overall pattern is one of continuous segregation during replication and is not consistent with recently published models invoking extensive sister chromosome cohesion followed by simultaneous segregation of the bulk of the chromosome. The terminus, and a region immediately clockwise from the origin, are exceptions to the overall pattern and are subjected to a more extensive delay prior to segregation. The origin region and nearby loci are replicated and segregated from the cell centre, later markers from the various positions where they lie in the nucleoid, and the terminus region from the cell centre. Segregation appears to leave one copy of each locus in place, and rapidly transport the other to the other side of the cell centre.