Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS DISEASE VACCINES AS MEASURED BY VIRAL SHED AFTER VIRULENT CHALLENGE IN BROILER

Infectious bronchitis threatens the poultry industry throughout the world, The control of IB of the big problems in the world because of the wide variations in serotypes and development in the virulence of strains from time to time, and nature is very contagious, the rapid evolution in the specific tissue tropism and recombinants because of the synchronization of infection with different virus types and the use of live vaccines.found that the IB virus which is isolated from the recent outbreak is the same serotype but the difference genotype compared with the strains of current vaccine. Previous studies have indicated that the broiler vaccination with inactivated vaccines showed significantly less virus shed if challenge with the homologous vaccines (same genotype viruses) as compared with birds that vaccination genetically heterologous vaccines. The current study compared the extent of protection resulting from vaccination with live Commercial vaccines(Volvac IB Mass MLV, Poulvac IB Primer (D274), Avipro IB M48 and mixed vaccine from (Volvac, Poulvac and Avipro)). Vaccinates werechallenged with virulent field isolate (Variant2) strain. Weekly post-vaccination, collected serum for analytical knowledge of the amount of antibodies using hemagglutiation inhibition test against all vaccine antigens used in the experiment after challenge with field virulent (Variant2 isolate), examine the birds daily to monitor the morbidity and mortality rates in selected periods for shedding virus by real time PCRto detect and quantitate the IBV viral copy number from clinical samples.After challenge with (Variant2) birdsvaccinated with mixed vaccine revealed less shedding virus compared to (Volvac, Poulvac and Avipro)vaccinated birdsboth separately.Genotypic differences between the vaccines and the challenge virus do not reduce the ability of vaccines to protect against the disease, but genotypic similarities reduce the virus shed and limiting its spread. The use of same
Induction of autophagy contributes to the neuroprotection of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in cerebral ischemia

Recent reports indicate that autophagy serves as a stress response and may participate in pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt, also known as visfatin), the rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian NAD+ biosynthesis, protects against ischemic stroke through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. This study was taken to determine the involvement of autophagy in neuroprotection of Nampt in cerebral ischemia. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in cultured cortical neurons were performed. Nampt was overexpressed or knocked-down using lentivirus-mediated gene transfer in vivo and in vitro. Immunochemistry (LC3-II), electron microscope and immunoblotting assays (LC3-II, beclin-1, mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR], S6K1 and tuberous sclerosis complex-2 [TSC2]) were performed to assess autophagy. We found that overexpression of Nampt increased autophagy (LC3 puncta immunochemistry staining, LC3-II/beclin-1 expression and autophagosomes number) both in vivo and in vitro at 2 hours after MCAO. At the early stage of OGD, autophagy inducer rapamycin protected against neuronal injury induced by Nampt knockdown, whereas autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine abolished the neuroprotective effect of Nampt partly. Overexpression or knockdown of Nampt regulated the phosphorylation of mTOR and S6K1 signaling pathway upon OGD stress through enhancing phosphorylation of TSC2 at Ser1387 but not Thr1462 site. Furthermore, in cultured SIRT1-knockout neurons, the regulation of Nampt on autophagic proteins LC3-II and beclin-1 was abolished. Our results demonstrate that Nampt promotes neuronal survival through inducing autophagy via regulating TSC2-mTOR-S6K1 signaling pathway in a SIRT1-dependent manner during cerebral ischemia.
Chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil for penile and urethral squamous cell carcinomas

Six men with either recurrent (n = 4) or unresectable (n = 2) squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (n = 5) and urethra (n = 1) received chemotherapy with cisplatin intravenously at a dose of 100 mg/m2. This was followed 24 hours later by a continuous intravenous infusion of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) at a dose of 960 mg/m2/d for five days every 3 to 4 weeks. There was universal alopecia. The other toxicities were mild and consisted of mucositis, nausea, vomiting, reversible creatininemia, and transient azotemia. After chemotherapy, five patients had a clinical partial response and one had a complete response. Of the five patients with no metastases, three had residual unresectable tumors. These three patients received radiation and survived for 6,8, and 20 months after the start of chemotherapy. The other two patients were rendered disease‐free by surgery. The first patient, who was a partial responder to chemotherapy, survived for 26 months. The second patient, who was a clinical complete responder, had excision of microscopic disease and is disease‐free at 32+ months after the start of chemotherapy. This is the first article to report that the combination of cisplatin and 5‐FU is active in penile and urethral carcinomas. After chemotherapy, surgery may be useful in selected patients to accurately assess response and excise localized residual tumors. Patients rendered tumor‐free may achieve long‐term survival.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Escin/Diethylamine Salicylate Combination Gels in Patients with Blunt Injuries of the Extremities

The aim of this confirmative, monocentre, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was to investigate whether different escin combinations show differences in comparison to placebo with regard to pain reactions in the topical treatment of sports injuries. A total of 126 patients with blunt injuries of the extremities were randomly allocated to four parallel groups: Reparil-Gel N (n = 32), Reparil-Gel (n = 31), Reparil-Sportgel (n = 32) and a placebo gel (n = 31). All patients were evaluated for efficacy (intention to treat) and tolerability. A per-protocol analysis was also carried out, in which 12 of the 126 patients were excluded due to protocol violations. The intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses produced similar results. The patients had suffered contusions while participating in soccer, hockey, karate, tae-kwon-do, handball, American football, rugby or tennis. The measured variable was the pressure required at the centre of the lesion to elicit the first pain reaction (tenderness reaction) at measuring time 0 (baseline) and then 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 h after the injury. The primary variable was the area under the curve (AUC) for tenderness over a six-hour period. The mean AUC differed significantly in the four groups (Kruskal-Wallis test p = 0.0001). Then six pairwise comparisons of two treatment groups each were carried out using the Mann-Whitney test. To control the multiple significance level of 5%, the adjusted p-values according to the Holm-Shaffer method were used in these tests. The three active gels were significantly superior to the placebo gel (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.0004 in each case) in terms of the AUC. There were no significant differences between the active test substances in terms of the primary variable. The intensity of the pain was also measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The pain diminished more rapidly with the Reparil gels than with the placebo. The tolerability of all test substances was good. No adverse events were observed in any of the 126 patients. Escin combination gels are more effective than a placebo and are also well tolerated. Therefore, they can be recommended for the treatment of blunt injuries caused during sports and leisure activities.
Developmental Physiology of Cluster-Root Carboxylate Synthesis and Exudation in Harsh Hakea. Expression of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and the Alternative Oxidase1

Harsh hakea (Hakea prostrata R.Br.) is a member of the Proteaceae family, which is highly represented on the extremely nutrient-impoverished soils in southwest Australia. When phosphorus is limiting, harsh hakea develops proteoid or cluster roots that release carboxylates that mobilize sparingly soluble phosphate in the rhizosphere. To investigate the physiology underlying the synthesis and exudation of carboxylates from cluster roots in Proteaceae, we measured O2 consumption, CO2 release, internal carboxylate concentrations and carboxylate exudation, and the abundance of the enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and alternative oxidase (AOX) over a 3-week time course of cluster-root development. Peak rates of citrate and malate exudation were observed from 12- to 13-d-old cluster roots, preceded by a reduction in cluster-root total protein levels and a reduced rate of O2 consumption. In harsh hakea, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase expression was relatively constant in cluster roots, regardless of developmental stage. During cluster-root maturation, however, the expression of AOX protein increased prior to the time when citrate and malate exudation peaked. This increase in AOX protein levels is presumably needed to allow a greater flow of electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the absence of rapid ATP turnover. Citrate and isocitrate synthesis and accumulation contributed in a major way to the subsequent burst of citrate and malate exudation. Phosphorus accumulated by harsh hakea cluster roots was remobilized during senescence as part of their efficient P cycling strategy for growth on nutrient impoverished soils.
Construction of an algorithm for the selection of rigid stops in steel concrete beams

Calculation of steel-concrete beams is performed with a rigid connection between concrete and a steel strip. This is possible if one installs hard stops that prevent the displacement of the strip with respect to concrete. The force acting on the stop, the number of hard stops and their pitch, are determined through the rotation angles between two adjacent stops. To determine the efforts that act on hard stops, as well as a step, one must first find a rotation angle between two cross-sections within the beams. The rotation angles of cross-sections are derived using a graph-analytical method. Calculation for the deformations of reinforced-concrete and steel-concrete beams is performed based on the reduced rigidities of cross-sections. When one chooses a step for hard stops and their number, it is necessary to strive for the optimization of a structure of steel-concrete beams. Optimization implies that the maximum stresses in a steel strip are equal to its limiting value while the effort acting in stops, and the step of stops, are the same. In order for the efforts in each stop to be the same, one must fabricate a zero section less than the others. In the course of our study we have developed an algorithm for selecting the number, a step of hard stops, and the efforts in them. The choice is based on the assigned characteristics of materials used, the acting external load, the length of a beam, known size of the cross-section of concrete and a steel strip. In this case, efforts in all stops are identical, the step of stops is constant except for the zero section, maximum effort in the steel strip, occurring in the middle of the span, does not exceed the boundary value obtained in the calculation. The reported algorithm makes it possible to calculate hard stops at the assigned value for efforts that act on them under existing load
Assessment of Hot and Cool Executive Function in Young Children: Age-Related Changes and Individual Differences

Although executive function (EF) is often considered a domain-general cognitive function, a distinction has been made between the "cool" cognitive aspects of EF more associated with dorsolateral regions of prefrontal cortex and the "hot" affective aspects more associated with ventral and medial regions (Zelazo & M�ller, 2002). Assessments of EF in children have focused almost exclusively on cool EF. In this study, EF was assessed in 3- to 5-year-old children using 2 putative measures of cool EF (Self-Ordered Pointing and Dimensional Change Card Sort) and 2 putative measures of hot EF (Children's Gambling Task and Delay of Gratification). Findings confirmed that performance on both types of task develops during the preschool period. However, the measures of hot and cool EF showed different patterns of relations with each other and with measures of general intellectual function and temperament. These differences provide preliminary evidence that hot and cool EF are indeed distinct, and they encourage further research on the development of hot EF.
Interaction of breathing localized solutions for subcritical bifurcations.

We discuss interactions of spatially localized solutions, which breathe in the modulus, for coupled quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equations. The interaction behavior is much richer than and qualitatively different from that of the fixed-shape solutions reported previously. The outcome of a collision can depend on the initial conditions, and, in particular, {ital sensitively} on the initial conditions for {ital chaotic} solutions, even though parameter values are unchanged. The novelty of these interactions, as compared to those of the fixed-shape solutions and to those of solitons is emphasized.
Teacher Burnout: A Comparison Between Title I and Non-Title I Elementary School Teachers

With school reform and teacher accountability on the forefront of the educational landscape, attention has turned to investigating why so many teachers leave the profession after a relatively short time. Burnout is often cited as a major contributor to this teacher exodus. While many studies have focused on teacher burnout relative to the specific tasks that teachers perform and on the populations they serve, there is no research on how teacher burnout differs between Title I and non-Title I schools in an urban school district in Virginia. The purpose of this causalcomparative study was to investigate if teachers’ perceptions of burnout including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, differ between the two types of schools in a single school district. The sample, 145 elementary teachers from Title I and nonTitle I schools, voluntarily completed the Maslach Burnout InventoryEducators Survey (MBIES) through SurveyMonkey® online. Results from the self-reported instrument were analyzed for significant statistical differences between scores in the areas of personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization between the Title I and non-Title I teachers using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results indicated that there is no statistical difference in teachers’ perception of overall burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment between the Title I and non-Title I school teachers in this urban school district in Virginia.
Association between Overall Lifestyle Changes and the Incidence of Proteinuria: A Population-based, Cohort Study

Objective This study aimed to examine the association between the changes in an overall healthy lifestyle, as quantified by the number of unhealthy lifestyle factors and obesity status, and the incidence of proteinuria in the general Japanese population. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 99,404 (men, 36.9%) participants aged from 40-74 years of age who underwent two health check-ups with a 1-year interval in Japan between 2008 and 2009. Any participants with chronic kidney disease at baseline were excluded. The smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and healthy eating habits were combined into a simple overall healthy lifestyle score ranging from 0 to 5. The changes in overall healthy lifestyle scores from baseline (range, -5 to +5) and the incidence of proteinuria, defined by a dipstick urinalysis (score ≥1+), were assessed at the second check-up. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the changes in overall healthy lifestyle scores and the incidence of proteinuria. Results After one year of follow-up, 3.9% of men and 2.4% of women developed proteinuria. Each increase (or decrease) in the changes in overall healthy lifestyle scores was associated with a reduced (or increased) risk of proteinuria in both men (odds ratio (OR) 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81-0.94) and women (OR 0.87; 95%CI, 0.80-0.94) after adjusting for age, baseline lifestyle scores, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Stratified analyses based on age, the presence or absence of hypertension, or diabetes mellitus revealed similar results. Conclusion Overall lifestyle changes, even within a year, were found to influence the incidence of proteinuria.
Effect of the use of ambulance-based thrombolysis on time to thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized clinical trial.

UNLABELLED Article chosen Ebinger M, Winter B, Wendt M, et al. Effect of the use of ambulance-based thrombolysis on time to thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014;311(16):1622-31. Clinical question Does prehospital thrombolysis in specialized ambulances reduce delay to thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke? OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of prehospital thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke administered in specialized ambulances on delay in thrombolytic administration, thrombolysis rate, post-thrombolysis intracerebral hemorrhage, and 7-day mortality.
Hernia in Esrd Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well-established treatment modality for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is gaining popularity as a home dialysis therapy. Hernia, a mechanical complication, is not uncommon in patients on PD. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the prevalence of different types of hernias and related outcomes in all ESRD patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) at our institution. Between January, 1992 and August, 2002, a total of 235 ESRD patients (84 male, 151 female) at our center were treated with PD at our center over 5266 patient-months. The clinical and laboratory parameters of 14 patients who developed hernias were compared with that of 221 patients who did not develop hernias. Fourteen patients (6%), 7 male and 7 female, developed 14 hernias, of which 5 were umbilical, 7 inguinal, 2 ventral. Half of the hernias in our cohort developed within the first seven months following catheter implantation. Seven patients received surgical repair as hernia developed within the first seven months following catheter implantation. Seven patients received surgical repair as hernia developed, of which six patients resumed PD and only one shifted to hemodialysis. The remaining hernias were managed with volume reduction, conversion from CAPD to automated PD and mechanical support with corset. None of the patients with hernia developed incarceration after careful management. Risk factors including age, sex, types of catheter, fill-volumes and co-morbidities as DM, and previous operations were statistically analyzed. However, none of them seemed to have a predisposing factor for hernia formation in our cohort. With early detection and careful management including non-surgical methods, patients with hernias may be maintained on peritoneal dialysis.
A consideration of the relevance of lean supply chain concepts for humanitarian aid provision

Supply chain activities connected with providing humanitarian aid (HA) are often treated as a series of discrete activities. The view that each aspect should be seen as part of a continuum has not generally been a priority, often leading to large amounts of waste (McGuire, 2001). Much of the theory underpinning commercial supply chain processes is similar, although not necessarily directly transferable to HA due to a variety of factors including funding, employment, location, political and physical instability, a lack of logistics knowledge and the urgency inherent in emergency situations. This paper addresses the notional applicability of lean logistics techniques such as value chain analysis (VCA) to the requirements of HA supply chains, discussing the theoretical basis for its use and how it could be used to improve efficiency and effectiveness. The paper concludes that there is significant scope for the application of such techniques which could have a fundamental bearing on how HA supply chains are implemented.
DISTRIBUTION OF ASCORBIC ACID BETWEEN CELLS AND SERUM OF HUMAN BLOOD.

In a previous report ( 1 ) the transfer of ascorbic acid from serum to blood cells in vitro was studied with concentrations of ascorbic acid in serum significantly higher than those observed in tivo. This communication deals with the distribution of ascorbic acid between the two phases of human blood when the vitamin is added in amounts above and within physiological limits. The distribution of ascorbic acid under conditions in which the concentrations in cells far exceed those in serum, and the partition of ascorbic acid added to blood under these conditions also are presented.
HIV, syphilis and heterosexual bridging among Peruvian men who have sex with men

Objectives To determine prevalence of and risk factors associated with HIV and syphilis seropositivity and estimate incidence of HIV infection among Peruvian men who have sex with men (MSM) and characterize behaviors of men who report sex with both men and women (`bridgers'). Design Cross-sectional study of MSM in Lima, Peru. Methods Four-hundred and fifty-one MSM (of whom 442 responded to the question regarding sexual orientation) recruited through street outreach. Each was interviewed and underwent serologic testing for syphilis and HIV, including the less sensitive enzyme immunoassay test to estimate HIV incidence. Results Overall, HIV and syphilis prevalence were 18.5% and 16.0%, respectively, with highest prevalence among cross-dressers (33.3% and 51.1%, respectively). The estimated overall HIV seroincidence was 11.2% per year (95% confidence interval, 4.8–23.6). Overall, 47.1% of men reported ever having sex with a woman: 78.6% of men self-identifying as heterosexuals, 85.1% of bisexuals, 35.5% of homosexuals, and 12.5% of cross-dressers. Of these, 26.5% were ‘bridgers', of whom 55% reported two or more female partners during the last year. ‘Bridgers’ were less likely to have always used condoms during the past year for vaginal sex (17%) than for insertive anal sex with men (25.5%). Conclusions Among MSM in Peru, HIV and syphilis prevalence and HIV incidence were high, especially among cross-dressers. The high prevalence of bisexuality and low rates of consistent condom use, especially with female sexual partners indicates potential HIV transmission into the heterosexual population.
The general pharmacology of the heavy metals.

A discussion of predominantly theoretical aspects of metal poisoning is presented. Heavy metals are capable of combining with a wide variety of organic molecules. The heavy metal binding was found to occur simultaneously at sensitive and insensitive sites. This diversion of the metals to insensitive sites protects the cell to some extent against the toxic action of metals, but at the same time tends to obscure the relation between metal binding and pharmacological response. The interactions of heavy metals with simple molecules, proteins, enzymes, cells, organs, and animals are reviewed. The responses of biological systems to heavy metals were considered in terms of inferences that could be made concerning the site of the original chemical insult. A listing and discussion of the most commonly seen responses are given. (M.C.G.)