Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transfer of learning from a modern multidisciplinary perspective

Foreword, Robert Dufresne, Jose Mestre and James M. Royer. Re-Framing the Evaluation of Education: Assessing Whether Learning Transfers Beyond the Classroom, Susan M. Barnett and Stephen J. Ceci. How Far Can Transfer Go? Making Transfer Happen Across Physical, Temporal, and Conceptual Space, Diane Halpern and Milt Hakel. Fuzzy-Trace Theory: Implications for Transfer in Teaching and Learning, Valerie F. Reyna, Christopher Wolfe and Charles J. Brainerd. Transfer of Learning in Informal Education: The Case of Television, Shalom Fisch, Heather Kirkorian, and Daniel Anderson. Efficiency and Innovation in Transfer, Daniel Schwartz, John Bransford, and David Sears. When Transfer Fails: Effect of Knowledge, Expectations, and Observations on Transfer in Physics, Thomas Thaden-Koch, Jose Mestre, Bob Dufresne, Bill Gerace, and Bill Leonard. What Coordination Has to Say About Transfer, Andrea diSessa and Joseph Wagner. Dynamic Transfer: A Perspective from Physics Education Research, Sanjay Rebello and Dean Zollman. Resources, Framing, and Transfer, David Hammer, Andrew Elby, Rachel Scherr, and Edward F. Redish. Transfer of Mathematical Problem Solving Procedures Acquired Through Physical Science Instruction: When You Don't See it, Why Not? , Zbigniew Dziembowski and Nora Newcombe. Transfer Between Variants of Mathematics Test Questions, Mary E. Morley, Rene R. Lawless, and Brent Brideman. Theory, Level, and Function: Three Dimensions for Understanding the Connections Between Transfer and Student Assessment, Daniel Kickey, Mary Ann Horne and James Pellegrino.
miR-429 regulates alveolar macrophage inflammatory cytokine production and is involved in LPS-induced acute lung injury.

p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) is a critical regulator in lung inflammation. It can be inactivated by DUSP1 (dual-specificity phosphatase 1) which was identified as a putative target of miR-429. miR-429 mimics directly targeted to the 3'-UTR of the gene encoding DUSP1 may result in the translational attenuation of DUSP1. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was prolonged after miR-429 mimic treatment. Additionally, miR-429 expression was sensitive to LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation and the miR-429 mimics increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, anti-miR-429 reduced the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results provide direct evidence that miR-429 is involved in the LPS-induced inflammatory response. In parallel with miR-429, miR-200b and miR-200c, but not miR-200a or miR-141, shared similar effects. In vivo, LPS induced the expression of miR-429, miR-200b and miR-200c in lung. At the same time, inhibiting these miRNAs by anti-miRNAs attenuated the LPS-induced pulmonary inflammatory response and injury. These findings reveal that miR-429 possesses pro-inflammatory activities and may be a potential therapy target for LPS-induced lung injury.
The relationship between hide cleanliness and bacterial numbers on beef carcasses at a commercial abattoir

Cattle were visually inspected in the lairage of a commercial abattoir and assigned to a category ranging from 1 (very clean) to 5 (very dirty) depending on the observed cleanliness of the hide. Animals from categories 2, 3 and 5 were slaughtered and total viable counts (TVCs) enumerated at five sites (hock, brisket, cranial back, bung and inside round) on the subsequent carcasses. The TVCs at the hock were significantly higher on category 5 than on category 2 carcasses (P < 0·05). Similarly, TVCs at the brisket were significantly higher on categories 3 and 5 than on category 2 carcasses (P < 0·05). There were no differences in counts among the categories at any of the other sites. The TVCs averaged over the five carcass sites were higher for category 5 than for category 2 carcasses (P < 0·05). The TVCs at the brisket were significantly higher than all other sites (P < 0·01). In general, carcasses from category 2 animals slaughtered in a batch with dirtier animals (categories 3 and 5) did not have higher TVCs than carcasses of category 2 animals slaughtered at the beginning of the day in the absence of dirtier animals. The introduction of improved hygienic practices during the dehiding of category 4 animals resulted in reduced TVCs at the brisket (P < 0·001).
Metabolism of Stevioside by Healthy Subjects

Stevioside (250-mg capsules) was given thrice daily for 3 days to 10 healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected and blood pressure measured after nocturnal fasting, before and at different time points during the third day of the administration of stevioside. No significant differences were found between the control and the stevioside condition for blood pressure and blood biochemical parameters. The 24-hr urinary volume and urinary excretion of electrolytes were not significantly different. Likewise, no significant difference was found for mean blood glucose and insulin between control and stevioside conditions. Thus, oral stevioside is not directly effective as a hypotensive or hypoglycemic agent in healthy subjects at the dose administered in this study. Stevioside, free steviol, and steviol metabolites were analyzed in blood, feces, and urine after 3 days of stevioside administration. No uptake was found of stevioside by the gastrointestinal tract or the amounts taken up were very low and below the detection limit of the UV detector. Stomach juice did not degrade stevioside. All the stevioside reaching the colon was degraded by micro-organisms into steviol, the only metabolite found in feces. In blood plasma, no stevioside, no free steviol or other free steviol metabolites were found. However, steviol glucuronide (SV glu) was found in maximum concentrations of 33 μg/ml (21.3 μg steviol equivalents/ml). In urine, no stevioside or free steviol were present, but SV glu was found in amounts of up to 318 mg/24-hr urine (205 mg steviol equivalents/24 hrs). No other steviol derivatives were detected. In feces, besides free steviol, no other steviol metabolites or conjugates were detected. Steviol was excreted as SV glu in urine.
Vaginal delivery after Misgav–Ladach cesarean section – Is the risk of uterine rupture acceptable?

Objective. To evaluate whether the single-layer closure as is a routine by the Misgav–Ladach method compared to the double-layer closure as used by the Dörfler cesarean method is associated with an increased risk of uterine rupture in the subsequent pregnancy and delivery. Methods. The analysis is retrospective and is based on medical documentation of the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. All patients with one previous cesarean section who attempted vaginal birth following cesarean section were managed from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2008. Exclusion criteria included multiple gestation, greater than one previous cesarean section, previous incision other than low transverse, gestational age at delivery less than 37 weeks and induction of delivery. We identified 448 patients who met inclusion criteria. Results. We found that 303 patients had a single-layer closure (Misgav–Ladach) and 145 had a double-layer closure (Dörffler) of the previous uterine incision. There were 35 cases of uterine rupture. Of those patients with previous single-layer closure, 5.28% (16/303) had a uterine rupture compared to 13.11% (19/145) in the double-layer closure group (p < 0.05). Conclusion. We have not found that a Misgav–Ladach cesarean section method (single-layer uterine closure) might be more likely to result in uterine rupture in women who attempted a vaginal birth after a previous cesarean delivery. This cesarean section method should find its confirmation in everyday clinical practice.
Circulating levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand/osteoprotegerin/macrophage-colony stimulating factor in a presumably healthy human population.

OBJECTIVES To determine the ranges of variation of circulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG)/macrophage-colony stimulating factor(M-CSF) and to ascertain their potential relationships with age, sex and menopausal status in women, and with sex hormones in a population-based healthy cohort. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected with EDTA after an overnight fast. The plasma levels of each of the above biochemical indices were measured by ELISA in a total of 566 apparently healthy individuals aged 18-75 years. RESULTS The plasma concentrations of cytokine molecules in the entire sample ranged from 674 to 4929 pg/ml for OPG, from 105 to 4468 pg/ml for soluble RANKL (sRANKL), and from 187 to 7604 pg/ml for M-CSF. The OPG levels demonstrated a clear positive correlation with age in both sexes (r=0.42 and 0.43, P<0.001, for men and women respectively). Application of the two-interval mathematical model revealed that in females OPG levels were age-independent until age 42, but then showed clear and significant correlation with age (r=0.48, P<0.001). As a result, young females (before 42 years) had a substantially lower average OPG level, 1377.8+/-327.68 pg/ml, in comparison with older women, 1666.02+/-397.14 pg/ml. The M-CSF correlation with age was significantly greater in women (r=0.29, P<0.001) compared with men (r=0.17, P<0.01). Significant negative correlations between plasma levels of both OPG and M-CSF with estradiol concentrations were observed in women (r=-0.39, P<0.01; r=-0.25, P<0.001 respectively). sRANKL did not correlate with either age or sex hormones in either women or men. CONCLUSION Age and sex affect differently the interindividual variation of OPG, RANKL and M-CSF. Our observations could form the basis for further research to establish provisional reference limits for OPG and RANKL, which are potential markers for benign and malignant processes in bone.
An increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Romanian children aged 0 to 17 years

Abstract Background: The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus may provide insights into the pathogenesis of the disease. Objective: The aim of this work was to characterize the trend of the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Romanian children aged from 0 to 17 years over a 10-year interval. Subjects and methods: Data regarding new cases were obtained from two sources: (1) The Romanian Childhood Diabetes Registry and (2) Records of the Medical Center “Cristian Serban”, Buzias. The demographic data were retrieved from the National Institute for Statistics. The incidence was calculated for the age groups 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–17 years. Results: A total of 3196 new cases, aged below 18 years, were found by both the sources. There were significant differences between the groups (p=0.012), the mean incidence being highest in the age group 10–14 years (9.6/100,000/year, 95% CI 9–10.1) and lowest in children aged from 0 to 4 years (4.8/100,000/year, 95% CI 4.4–5.3). Boys were slightly more frequently affected than girls (p=0.038). The age and gender adjusted incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus increased significantly (p<0.001) from 6.2/100,000/year (95% CI 5.5–6.9) in 2002 to 9.3/100,000/year (95% CI 8.4–10.3) in 2011. The raise in incidence was noticed in all age groups except for 15–17 years. Conclusion: Romania is a country with an intermediate incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children, which is slightly higher in boys than in girls. The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus increased continuously during the 10-year survey, with the exception of the oldest teens.
Layered distribution, according to age, within the cell wall of bacillus subtilis

When soluble autolytic activity was added to growing cultures of a mutant possessing a reduced rate of cell wall turnover, there was a delay of more than one generation before solubilization of new cell wall began, in contrast to the immediate increase in the rate of solubilization of old cell wall. A similar delay was found before turnover of new cell wall occurred in the parent, in agreement with a previous report (Mauck et al., 1971). When sodium lauryl sulfate-inactivated cell walls were prepared, the great bulk of the wall formed a uniformly susceptible substrate to added autolytic activity. The immediate solubilization of new wall eliminates insusceptibility to autolytic enzyme as an explanation for the failure to be turned over. There were, however, major differences in the rate of solubilization of wall of different ages. During solubilization of the initial 30% of the cell wall preparation, wall two generations old was solubilized at least seven times faster than wall one-half a generation old. This result is interpreted in terms of differences in accessibility. The cell wall is seen as consisting of a series of layers, the age of which increases with the distance from the membrane, such that wall newly synthesized on the membrane passes out through the thickness of the cell wall layer during subsequent growth and only becomes susceptible to turnover as it reaches the outer surface, largely in the form of a layer, more than one generation after incorporation.
Pregnant Women's Fear of Childbirth in Midwife- and Obstetrician-Led Care in Belgium and the Netherlands: Test of the Medicalization Hypothesis

Fear of childbirth has gained importance in the context of increasing medicalization of childbirth. Belgian and Dutch societies are very similar but differ with regard to the organization of maternity care. The Dutch have a high percentage of home births and low medical intervention rates. In contrast, home births in Belgium are rarer, and the medical model is more widely used. By comparing the Belgian and Dutch maternity care models, the association between fear of childbirth and medicalization can be explored. For this study an antenatal questionnaire was completed by 833 women at 30 weeks of pregnancy. Fear of childbirth was measured by a shortened Dutch version of the Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire. A four-dimensional model with baby-related, pain and injuries-related, general and personal control-related, and medical interventions and hospital care-related fear, fitted well in both countries. Multiple regression analysis showed no country differences, except that Belgian women in midwife-led care were more fearful of medical interventions and hospital care than the Dutch. For the other dimensions, both Belgian and Dutch women receiving midwifery care reported less fear compared to those in obstetric antenatal care. Hence, irrespective of the maternity care model, antenatal care providers are crucial in preventing fear of childbirth.
Physical training-related changes in gait variability while single and dual tasking in older adults: magnitude of gait variability at baseline matters.

OBJECTIVES Few studies have examined the effects of physical training programs on gait variability while single and dual tasking, and they reported mixed results. The aim of this study was to compare the stride time variability while single and dual tasking before and after a physical training program developed to improve gait stability in French community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN A prospective pre-post interventional cohort study. SETTING The community-dwelling area of "Pays de la Loire", France. POPULATION Forty-eight older adults (mean age ± standard deviation 72.2±8 years; 75% female). METHODS Physical training program consisted in 12 sessions scheduled to attend physical exercises 1 time a week with total time duration of 3 months. Coefficient of variation (CoV) of stride time under three walking conditions (i.e., walking alone, walking while backward counting, and while performing a verbal fluency task) was determined while steady-state walking using the SMTEC® footswitches system before and after the physical training program. Participants were separated into two groups based on being or not in the highest tertile (i.e., worst performance with cutpoint >4.4%) of the CoV of stride time while walking alone. RESULTS After physical training compared to before period, a significant decrease in CoV of stride time (i.e., better gait performance) while walking alone (2.8±2.8% versus 7±7.1%, P=0.001) but not while dual tasking (P=0.600 for counting backward and P=0.105 for verbal fluency task) was shown in participants who had highest (i.e., worst) gait variability at baseline. In addition, physical training modified the strategy of dual tasking in participants with highest gait variability at baseline compared to the other participants. Before training, a significant decrease in CoV of stride time (7±7.1% versus 4.9±4.6%, P=0.017) while counting backward was shown, but there was a significant increase after training (2.8±2.8% versus 5.4±5.8%, P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Physical training reduced gait variability while walking alone in participants with gait instability, and influenced their strategy for dual tasking. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Physical program training developed in the community to improve gait stability should included participants with high gait variability.
Baseline traits of low vision patients served by private outpatient clinical centers in the United States.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the traits of low vision patients who seek outpatient low vision rehabilitation (LVR) services in the United States. METHODS In a prospective observational study, we enrolled 764 new low vision patients seeking outpatient LVR services from 28 clinical centers in the United States. Before their initial appointment, multiple questionnaires assessing daily living and vision, physical, psychological, and cognitive health states were administered by telephone. Baseline clinical visual impairment measures and disorder diagnoses were recorded. RESULTS Patients had a median age of 77 years, were primarily female (66%), and had macular disease (55%), most of which was nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration. More than one-third of the patients (37%) had mild vision impairment with habitual visual acuity (VA) of 20/60 or greater. The VA correlated well with contrast sensitivity (r = -0.52) but poorly with self-reported vision quality. The intake survey revealed self-reported physical health limitations, including decreased endurance (68%) and mobility problems (52%). Many patients reported increased levels of frustration (42%) and depressed mood (22%); memory and cognitive impairment (11%) were less frequently endorsed. Patients relied on others for daily living support (87%), but many (31%) still drove. CONCLUSIONS Most patients seeking LVR are geriatric and have macular disease with relatively preserved VA. The disparity between VA and subjective quality of vision suggests that LVR referrals are based on symptoms rather than on VA alone. Patients seen for LVR services have significant physical, psychological, and cognitive disorders that can amplify vision disabilities and decrease rehabilitation potential.
Therapeutic efficacy of add-on yogasana intervention in stabilized outpatient schizophrenia: Randomized controlled comparison with exercise and waitlist

Background: Schizophrenia is a highly disabling illness. Previous studies have shown yoga to be a feasible add-on therapy in schizophrenia. Aims: The current study aimed to test the efficacy of yoga as an add-on treatment in outpatients with schizophrenia. Settings and Design: The study done at a tertiary psychiatry center used a single blind randomized controlled design with active control and waitlist groups. Materials and Methods: Consenting patients with schizophrenia were randomized into yoga, exercise, or waitlist group. They continued to receive pharmacological therapy that was unchanged during the study. Patients in the yoga or exercise group were offered supervised daily procedures for one month. All patients were assessed by a blind rater at the start of the intervention and at the end of 4 months. Results: Kendall tau, a nonparametric statistical test, showed that significantly more patients in the yoga group improved in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative and total PANSS scores as well as social functioning scores compared with the exercise and waitlist group. Odds ratio analysis showed that the likelihood of improvement in yoga group in terms of negative symptoms was about five times greater than either the exercise or waitlist groups. Conclusion: In schizophrenia patients with several years of illness and on stabilized pharmacological therapy, one-month training followed by three months of home practices of yoga as an add-on treatment offered significant advantage over exercise or treatment as usual. Yoga holds promise as a complementary intervention in the management of schizophrenia.
Therapeutic targeting of autophagy in myocardial infarction and heart failure

ABSTRACT Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death. When MI is not lethal, heart failure (HF) is a major consequence with high prevalence and poor prognosis. The targeting of autophagy represents a potentially therapeutic approach for the treatment of both pathologies. Areas covered: PubMed searches were performed to discuss the current state of the art regarding the role of autophagy in MI and HF. We review available and potential approaches to modulate autophagy from a pharmacological and genetic perspective. We also discuss the targeting of autophagy in myocardial regeneration. Expert commentary: The targeting of autophagy has potential for the treatment of MI and HF. Autophagy is a process that takes place in virtually all cells of the body and thus, in order to evaluate this therapeutic approach in clinical trials, strategies that specifically target this process in the myocardium is required to avoid unwanted effects in other organs.
Evaluation of 177Lu-DOTA-sst2 Antagonist Versus 177Lu-DOTA-sst2 Agonist Binding in Human Cancers In Vitro

Somatostatin receptor targeting of neuroendocrine tumors using radiolabeled somatostatin agonists is today an established method to image and treat cancer patients. However, in a study using an animal tumor model, somatostatin receptor antagonists were shown to label sst2- and sst3-expressing tumors in vivo better than agonists, with comparable affinity even though they are not internalized into the tumor cell. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro binding of the antagonist 177Lu-DOTA-pNO2-Phe-c (dCys-Tyr-dTrp-Lys-Thr-Cys) dTyrNH2 (177Lu-DOTA-BASS) or the 177Lu-DOTATATE agonist to sst2-expressing human tumor samples. Methods: Forty-eight sst2-positive human tumor tissue samples (9 ileal carcinoids, 10 pheochromocytomas, 7 breast carcinomas, 10 renal cell carcinomas, and 12 non-Hodgkin lymphomas) were analyzed by in vitro receptor autoradiography for the expression of sst2, comparing the binding capacity of 177Lu-DOTA-BASS and 177Lu-DOTATATE in successive tissue sections. The autoradiograms were quantitated using an electronic autoradiography detection system. Results: In all cases, the radiolabeled antagonist bound to more receptor sites than did the agonist. The mean ratios of the antagonist 177Lu-DOTA-BASS to the agonist 177Lu-DOTATATE were 4.2 ± 0.5 in the 9 ileal carcinoids, 12 ± 3 in the 10 pheochromocytomas, 11 ± 4 in the 7 breast carcinomas, 5.1 ± 0.6 in the 10 renal cell carcinomas, and 4.8 ± 0.7 in the 12 non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Conclusion: The present in vitro human data, together with previous in vivo animal tumor data, are strong arguments indicating that sst2 antagonists may be worth testing in vivo in patients in a wide range of tumors including nonneuroendocrine tumors.