Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Pragmatic Approach for Organizations to Measure Health Care Professional Well-Being

There is a high prevalence of burnout, depression, and suicide among health care professionals (HCPs) [1-5]. Compromised well-being among HCPs is associated with medical errors, medical malpractice suits, health care associated infections, patient mortality, lower interpersonal teamwork, lower patient satisfaction, job dissatisfaction, reduction in professional eff ort, and turnover of staff [2]. In addition, burnout among physicians is an independent predictor of suicidal ideation and substance abuse and dependence [6-9]. As burnout is adversely aff ecting quality, safety, and health care system performance, as well as the personal lives of HCPs, there is a need for organizations to add measures of HCP well-being to their routine institutional performance measures (e.g., patient volume, quality metrics, patient satisfaction, fi nancial performance) [10, 11]. Institutional performance measures, including measurements of HCP well-being, hold the potential to substantially improve health care systems. However, putting measures in place without suffi cient thought and care (e.g., insuffi ciently valid data) may result in the misdirection of resources, a false sense of the scope of the problem, and delay in improvement. The successful evaluation of HCP well-being depends on a series of strategic decisions, including who to survey (e.g., all employees or only a subset), how to survey (electronic or paper survey, local administration or external vendor), when to survey (timing and frequency), and what to include on the survey (i.e., items). The following paper will focus on which survey tools are available for institutions to measure burnout and composite well-being. While several instruments measuring HCP well-being have well-established reliability and validity, they are not all equally pragmatic for use by organizations interested in local assessment and quality improvement eff orts. In this paper, we provide a list of considerations for individuals charged with measuring HCP well-being at their institutions to guide them in selecting the most appropriate measurement instrument. Such a decision should be based on which dimensions of well-being are most important to stakeholders in addition to instrument characteristics (i.e., respondent and organizational burden, how actionable the provided data is, sensitivity to change, psychometric support, and applicability; see Table 1) [12, 13].
Audit Committee Financial Experts: A Closer Examination Using Firm Designations

The Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) requires the disclosure of whether the audit committee has a financial expert. We examine disclosures related to audit committee financial experts (ACFEs) in the first year that this disclosure requirement is in effect. We find that virtually all companies disclose whether an ACFE is on the audit committee, although the transparency of the disclosure regarding the ACFE's background is limited. We also find that most ACFEs do not have a background in accounting or finance, although there are notable differences between stock exchanges on this dimension. In addition, we find that companies designate ACFEs who would not have been identified using extant research methods, and companies fail to voluntarily designate many individuals who appear to qualify as an ACFE, particularly if another audit committee member is already designated as an ACFE. Thus, some companies appear to be extremely conservative in designating directors as ACFEs, possibly due to concerns about the legal liabi.
Multiple Pancreaticocolonic Fistulas Involving the Transverse and Descending Colon with Multiple Walled-Off Pancreatic Necroses: Reporting of a Complex Case Treated Surgically

Context Pancreaticocolonic fistula is a rare and potentially critical complication of necrotizing pancreatitis. We report a complex case of multiple Pancreaticocolonic fistulas that was successfully treated with extended left hemicolectomy. Case report A forty-three-yearsold male patient, presented in our emergency department with epigastric pain, vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss for 4 weeks duration, with past history of acute gall stone pancreatitis 10 weeks earlier. Contrast enhanced computed tomography abdomen showed multiple Walled-off Pancreatic Necrosis in the peripancreatic, right paracolic and left paracolic regions up to left inguinal region with extensive Pneumoretroperitoneum. The periduodenal collection caused duodenal compression. Laparotomy done for pancreatic necrosectomy, relieving the duodenal compression, and drainage of all collections. We noticed multiple Pancreaticocolonic fistulas, 5 in numbers, between the transverse and descending colon and their neighboring collections, extended left hemicolectomy done. Multiple abdominal drains had been put for continuous postoperative irrigation. The patient discharged home but after 3 months of a hectic post-operative course. Discussion To the best of our knowledge this is the first case to be reported in the literature with multiple walled-off pancreatic necrosis associated with multiple Pancreaticocolonic fistulas (5 in Number) in both transverse and descending colon. Conclusion Necrotizing pancreatitis is a devastating disease, the presence of Pneumoretroperitoneum does not essentially only point to infected necrosis, but the possibility of Pancreaticocolonic fistula should always be kept in mind and searched for the diagnosis of pancreaticocolonic fistulas.
Credit Cycles: Experimental Evidence

This paper reports that credit cycles emerged in laboratory economies that were not hit by aggregate shocks and in which information about fundamentals was perfect. This main result is in our view puzzling because standard theories predict that no cycles should have occurred in such a basic environment. Subjects could borrow funds in the credit market to invest in the risky project. The equilibrium interest rate equalized credit demand and supply. Among other behavioral biases, we observe that subjects increased their credit demand when they made larger losses in the previous period, consistent with a break-even motive. We find that a simple model of investment enriched with this motive can predict a credit cycle. We also show that the market environment plays a crucial role for the emergence of the cycle, which suggests that markets amplify rather than eliminate irrationality. Overall, our work implies that not only fundamental but also psychological factors can play a role in the emergence of fluctuations in financial markets.
Factors Affecting Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy

The success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease depends on maintaining a high level of adherence. Non-adherence is associated with a poor short-term virological response and accelerates the development of drug-resistant HIV. The shift to combination therapies for treating HIV-infected individuals has increased the challenges of adherence for both patients and health-care providers. The cumulative number of people in April 2015 who were eligible for HAART but had not yet started the therapy at the Adam Malik Hospital in Medan City Indonesia was 1,669 out of 6,033 people (27.66%). The cumulative number of absentees and loss to follow-up at >3 months was 1,273 out of 4,364 people (29.17%) up to April 2015.This study was a cross-sectional investigation of the factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral consumption for HIV-infected individuals at the Adam Malik Hospital in 2015. The sample size was 65 people, using consecutive sampling. The data were collected from medical records, observations, and an interview with a questionnaire. The data analysis included descriptive study, the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression, using STATA software. The results showed pill adherence in 28 patients (43.08%) and non-adherence in 37 patients (56.92%). The principal factors associated with non-adherence in the logistic regression were patient-related, including occupation (p = 0.062; OR = 0.22) and pill burden (p = 0.080; OR = 6.20). However, another factor that may have contributed was the system of health insurance (p = 0.015; OR = 5.00). The probability of the meaningful factors, based on the results of a multivariate analysis using the logistic function formula, is 0.7365 or 73.65%. The major reasons of HIV-infected individuals for not taking their medications were being employed, pill burden consideration, and without health insurance. Improving adherence probably requires the provision of the easy health insurance system with adequate patient preparation, innovative interventions and must fit into the socio cultural context of each setting.
Solution structure and dynamics of a semiconductor laser subject to feedback from two external filters

We present an analysis of a semiconductor laser subject to filtered optical feedback from two filtering elements (2FOF). The motivation for this study comes from applications where two filters are used to control and stabilise the laser output. Compared to a laser with a single filtered optical feedback loop, the introduction of the second filter significantly influences the structure of the basic continuous-wave solutions, which are also known as external filtered modes (EFMs). We compute and represent the EFMs of the underlying delay differential equation model as surfaces in the space of frequency ωs and inversion level Ns of the laser, and feedback phase difference dCp. The quantity dCp is a key parameter since it is associated with interference between the two filter fields and, hence, controls the effective feedback strength. We further show how the EFM surface in (ωs, dCp, Ns)-space changes upon variation of other filter parameters, in particular, the two delay times. Overall, the investigation of the EFM-surface provides a geometric approach to the multi-parameter analysis of the 2FOF laser, which allows for comprehensive insight into the solution structure and dynamics of the system.
Systemic elicitation of defense related enzymes suppressing Fusarium wilt in mulberry (Morus spp.)

Antagonist and organic amendments based bioconsortia (seri bed waste+Pf1+Bs4+Th1+neem cake) was found to lead the restriction of Fusarium solani pathogen in mulberry roots mainly by inducing inherent defense enzymes. Induction of defense enzymes such as peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, phenols, catalase and superoxide dismutase, was studied in mulberry plants pretreated with bioconsortia and comparative fungicides challenged inoculation with Fusarium solani in glasshouse condition. There was increased expression of defense enzymes in mulberry plants treated with bioconsortia, when compared to control. The bio-chemical reaction of the above defense enzymes started to increase at the 3rd day, reached maximum on the 5th day and thereafter declined gradually. The native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) experiment showed that one to four isoforms of the defense enzymes each with greater intensity were expressed in these treatments. This is indicating that the restriction of F. solani in mulberry plants was mainly due to application of microbial bio-consortia. Key words: Bio-consortia, defense enzymes, Fusarium wilt, isoforms, mulberry.
Aid, Poverty Reduction and the 'New Conditionality'

The paper examines the effect of aid on poverty, rather than on economic growth. We devise a 'pro-poor (public) expenditure index', and present evidence that, together with inequality and corruption, this is a key determinant of the aid's poverty leverage. After presenting empirical evidence which suggests a positive leverage of aid donors on pro-poor expenditure, we argue for the development of conditionality in a new form, which gives greater flexibility to donors in punishing slippage on previous commitments, and keys aid disbursements to performance in respect of policy variables which governments can influence in a pro-poor direction.
Evaluation of the Treatment Outcomes for Class II Malocclusion by Using PowerScope Appliance

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the treatment outcomes for ClassII malocclusion by using PowerScope Appliance. Patients, materials and methods:A sample of 10 patients with an age range from 14 to 18 years, suffering from skeletalClass 2 and Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion. All patients didn’t undergo anyorthodontic treatment previously and were free of systemic diseases that affect craniofacialgrowth. Pre and post‑treatment lateral cephalograms were obtained, cephalometricanalysis was performed. Class I relation were obtained in with a substantialimprovement in facial profile, skeletal jaw relationship, and overall esthetic appearanceof the patient. A significant forward displacement of the mandible was the principalelement for successful correction of Class II malocclusion. Results: Restrictionof maxillary growth with significant mandibular growth were observed with Power-Scope appliance. The Class II correction was obtained mainly by slight maxillary molardistalization and intrusion, in addition to mesial migration of the mandibular molarsand flaring of the lower incisors. Soft tissue profile improvements was observed withthis appliance. Conclusions: PowerScope appliance provides an effective correctionof Class II division 1 malocclusion in adolescent patients as it promotes restrictionof anterior maxillary displacement with significant forward mandibular repositioningwhich reduces both skeletal and soft tissue profile convexities. PowerScope appliancecaused dentoalveolar changes including slight maxillary molar distalization, in additionto mesialization of the lower molars and proclination of the lower incisors which resultsin correction of Class II malocclusion.
Investigation of an idiopathic lesion in redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus using suppression subtractive hybridization

Lesions indicative of putative parvovirus infection were detected in a population of freshwater redclaw crayfish ( Cherax quadricarinatus ) displaying hypertrophied nuclei, while these changes were undetected in another population. These changes were characterised by hypertrophic nuclei with marginated chromatin but without Cowdry type A (CA) intranuclear inclusion bodies. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed to generate a cDNA forward library between the two populations of crayfish. A total of 323 sequences were analysed from SSH libraries. These sequences were grouped into 76 consensus sequences and clustered into 8 categories based on sequence homology from the NCBI GenBank database. Even though histopathological observations consistently revealed lesions presumptive of putative parvovirus in C. quadricarinatus as previously reported, the molecular method failed to confirm a viral aetiology. Despite the absence of viral gene detection and therefore a conclusion of an idiopathic aetiology, the health status of these two populations of redclaw crayfish was different, resulting in differentially expressed immune-related genes in the two populations, with some genes being up-regulated in the hypertrophied nuclei population. Furthermore, the absence of parvovirus from the SSH libraries indicates that perhaps the viral messenger RNA was in too low a concentration to be detected or does not have any poly(A) tail which the SSH methodology needs to function correctly.
The microbial loop in an eutrophic bay and its contribution to bivalve aquaculture

Information on planktonic food webs around bivalve farms is important, be- cause bivalves utilize natural suspended matter as food. Not only phytoplankton but also other heterotrophic protists are occasionally essential to bivalves. Oysters cannot use bacterioplankton, but they can ingest protists that feed on bacterioplankton, thus using microbial energy indirectly through this microbial loop. To evaluate the impor- tance of the microbial loop in planktonic food webs, occurrences of bacteria and heterotrophic protists were studied in the eutrophic Hiroshima Bay, where oyster aquaculture is economically important. Temporal changes in microbial loop components suggested that energy flow within the microbial loop was enhanced at the end of a phytoplankton bloom. The distribution of microbes and other protists implies that transfer efficiencies within planktonic food webs including the microbial loop differed among regions of the bay. Thus, the microbial loop may play an important role in planktonic food webs in Hiroshima Bay. In some oyster ponds in France, the importance of microbial energy flow to oyster production was actually evaluated. Possibly, energy flow within the microbial loop is also important to oyster production in Japan.
MCMC methods for inference in a mathematical model of pulmonary circulation

This study performs parameter inference in a partial differential equations system of pulmonary circulation. We use a fluid dynamics network model that takes selected parameter values and mimics the behaviour of the pulmonary haemodynamics under normal physiological and pathological conditions. This is of medical interest as it enables tracking the progression of pulmonary hypertension. We show how we make the fluids model tractable by reducing the parameter dimension from a 55D to a 5D problem. The Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis algorithm, coupled with constraint non‐linear optimization, is successfully used to learn the parameter values and quantify the uncertainty in the parameter estimates. To accommodate for different magnitudes of the parameter values, we introduce an improved parameter scaling technique in the Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis algorithm. Formal convergence diagnostics are employed to check for convergence of the Markov chains. Additionally, we perform model selection using different information criteria, including Watanabe Akaike Information Criteria.
Housework and Wages

Gender differences in labor market outcomes are often attributed to gender differences in household responsibilities, and substantial empirical evidence documents the direct negative impact of housework time on wages, particularly for married women. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, we find that housework has a negative effect on wages regardless of marital status. Furthermore, this relation is strongest for housework tasks such as cooking and cleaning that constitute a daily routine. Because women spend substantially more time on housework, controlling for housework time increases the explained component of the gender wage gap by 14 percentage points.
Athlete endorser-brand relatedness and perception of source credibility as in schema theory.

This research investigated the effect of athlete endorser-product relatedness on the audience perception of source credibility in athlete endorsement advertising. An experiment was conducted on a random sample of 60 university students who were instructed to rate their opinion on a scale. The participants were randomized into two groups––a sport-related experimental group and a nonsport-related control group. The results, coinciding with Bartlett’s schema theory, indicate endorser-product relatedness has a significant effect (p < .05) on source credibility in all dimensions—namely, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise. Thus, advertising planners could apply these findings in deciding the choice of endorsers in their advertisement in such a way that they are related. Future researchers can study alternative product or celebrity endorser categories unrelated to sport.
The Accuracies of Crossover and Parallel-Track Estimates of Geostrophic Velocity from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason Altimeter Data

Mean-squared errors of surface geostrophic velocity estimates from the crossover and parallel-track methods are calculated for altimeters in the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon and Jason orbits. As part of the crossover method analysis, the filtering properties and errors of cross-track speed estimates are examined. Velocity estimates from both the crossover and parallel-track methods have substantial mean-squared errors that exceed 20% of the signal standard deviation, differ systematically between the zonal and meridional components, and vary with latitude. The measurement errors on the zonal and meridional velocity component estimates from both methods increase at low latitudes owing to the inverse dependence of geostrophic velocity on the Coriolis parameter. Additional latitudinal variations result for the parallel-track method because of the poleward convergence of the satellite ground tracks and the presence of orbit error, and for the crossover method because of the changing angle between the ascending and descending ground tracks. At high latitudes, parallel-track estimates, have elevated measurement errors in both components, while only the zonal component is so affected for the crossover method. Along-track smoothing is efficient for mitigating measurement errors for crossover estimates, and the filtering properties of the smoothed estimates are simply related to the spectrum of cross-track speeds. Such smoothing is less effective for parallel-track estimates, and the filtering properties are more difficult to characterize because of the sampling geometry and the convergence of the parallel ground tracks at high latitudes. If suitable along-track smoothing is applied in the crossover method, root-mean-squared errors (rmse’s) of about 30% or less of the signal standard deviation can be obtained for each orthogonal velocity component over the latitude range 58‐608. With 2-cm orbit errors, the parallel-track method yields estimates of the meridional velocity component with errors that exceed 40% at all latitudes. If orbit errors can be reduced to 1-cm standard deviation, the parallel-track method yields an rmse smaller than 30% in both orthogonal components for the latitude range 58‐558.
Elderly inmates: issues for Australia

As is the case with Australia's population in general, Australia's prison population is ageing. The number of prisoners over 50 years of age is increasing—either because people are entering prison relatively late in life, or because they are serving longer sentences and growing old in prison. This poses new challenges for Australian correctional administrators. Older prisoners may be expected to experience more health problems than their younger counterparts, and the cost of keeping them in custody will be that much greater. Problems may arise from their presence in an environment comprised predominantly of younger men. And older prisoners released into the community after many years in prison may face difficulty in adjusting to life on the outside, particularly if they are without family or friends. This paper discusses demographic changes in Australia's prison popula- tion and their implication for Australian correctional management.
Visual span and change detection in soccer: An expertise study

There is evidence to suggest that sports experts are able to extract more perceptual information from a single fixation than novices when exposed to meaningful tasks that are specific to their field of expertise. In particular, Reingold et al. (2001) showed that chess experts use a larger visual span including fewer fixations when compared to their less skilled counterparts. The aim of the present study was to examine whether also in a more complex environment, namely soccer, skilled players use a larger visual span and fewer fixations than less skilled players when attempting to recognise players’ positions. To this end, we combined the gaze-contingent window technique with the change detection paradigm. Results seem to suggest that skilled soccer players do not use a larger visual span than less skilled players. However, skilled soccer players showed significantly fewer fixations of longer duration than their less skilled counterparts, supporting the notion that experts may extract more information from a single glance.