Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supply Chain Management and its Route to Normal Science: a Kuhnian Analysis

The evolution of science has intrigued countless scientists. Many philosophers hold that scientific evolution is linear and constantly adding to the overall body of knowledge. Thomas Kuhn changed this view. In his famous work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , he proposes a route to normal science. He explains that paradigm shifts are arduous and require long time periods to occur. Using qualitative research combined with a Kuhnian model, we explain the evolution of Supply Chain Management (SCM) from its origins. Some authors have traced SCM evolution with a focus on chronological and linear order. This paper brings a new approach using Kuhnian elements to explain how SCM has matured to its present form. This broad picture manifests the strenuous path of SCM’s evolution and helps to explain how it is close to becoming a normal science. DOI: 10.12660/joscmv7n2p59-74 URL: http://dx.doi. org/10.12660/joscmv7n2p59-74
ANALISIS PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR PUBLIK TERHADAP PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO PERKAPITA DI INDONESIA

This study aims to measure how far the influence of public infrastructure such as roads, electricity, and telephone to Gross Domestic Product in Indonesia. This research is based on the theory of classical and neoclassical economic growth which assumes that the infrastructure is physical capital that relate either directly or indirectly to economic growth. This research used error correction model analysis and time series data. Based on estimates found that public infrastructure have a significant and positive impact on Gross Domestic Product.
A 0.013 ${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$, 5 $\mu\hbox{W}$ , DC-Coupled Neural Signal Acquisition IC With 0.5 V Supply

We present an area-efficient neural signal-acquisition system that uses a digitally intensive architecture to reduce system area and enable operation from a 0.5 V supply. The architecture replaces ac coupling capacitors and analog filters with a dual mixed-signal servo loop, which allows simultaneous digitization of the action and local field potentials. A noise-efficient DAC topology and an compact, boxcar sampling ADC are used to cancel input offset and prevent noise folding while enabling “per-pixel” digitization, alleviating system-level complexity. Implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, the prototype occupies 0.013 mm2 while consuming 5 μW and achieving 4.9 μVrms of input-referred noise in a 10 kHz bandwidth.
Global Trade and Mental Health

The consequences of the unprecedented growth of global trade on development and population health are significantly influenced by global trade policies that have delivered millions from poverty, but have constrained the ability of governments to regulate their economies and protect health. While the effects of global trade policy on health have been documented, mental health considerations have been very limited. This analysis explores the impact of global trade policy on a number of socio-structural determinants of mental health including poverty, social inequality, food security, mental health systems, alcohol consumption, access to pharmaceuticals and occupational health. The evidence reviewed makes a strong argument that global trade is likely to have a significant impact on mental health. However, the mental health outcomes of global trade will be influenced by a host of contextual factors and will therefore be heterogeneous. Preliminary recommendations for discussion are considered.
The Impact of Growth Performance and Political Regime Type on Economic Policy Liberalization

The paper investigates empirically the interaction between economic growth performance and political institutions in producing free-market reform. In particular, we explore whether political regime types systematically shape government policy responses to good or bad growth performance, employing panel econometric techniques and using recently updated data for economic reform and political institutions. Contrary to conventional wisdom we find that a bad growth performance is conducive to reforms only in democracies, but not in autocracies. Democratic rule seems to be favourable for policy liberalisation in general, but a very good growth performance weakens liberalisation incentives considerably.
Investment in Risk Protection and Social Preferences: An Experimental Study

We investigate investment in risk protection when risk affects either the decision maker or another individual and when the cost to offset risk is borne either by the decision maker or by another individual. We assess be- havior in the experiment against predictions obtained from a well-known social preferences model. In line with our predictions, we find that in- dividuals invest more of othersi? ½ resources than of their own resources to protect themselves, and individuals invest more of their own resources in risk protection when risk is borne by themselves than when risk is borne by the others. Furthermore, individuals invest more in risk protection when delegated to choose for others than when choosing for themselves.
No-transaction bounds and estimation risk

This paper considers a mean–variance portfolio investor facing proportional transaction costs and willing to account for estimation risk with a shrinkage approach. In such a situation the optimal portfolio policy can be characterized by no-transaction bounds existing both due to transaction cost and estimation risk effects. The paper derives analytically the optimal portfolio policy and provides a simulation study to illustrate the obtained results.
Predicting corporate failure: a systematic literature review of methodological issues

Purpose – This paper aims to review the existing literature systematically so as to contribute towards a better understanding of methodological problems of the classical statistical techniques, artificially intelligent expert systems and theoretical approaches to solve the corporate failure syndrome. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presented a systematic review of 83 articles reporting 137 prediction failure models published within 1966-2012 in scholarly reviewed journals in four main disciplines, namely, accounting, finance, banking and economics. The authors performed the systematic literature review with five main sources, namely, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Wiley Interscience, Metalib, Web of Science and Business Source Complete of the Social Sciences. The review modified the approaches used by Aziz and Dar (2006), Ravi and Ravi (2007) and Balcaen and Ooghe (2006). Findings – The results indicate significant body of prior literature on prediction of corporate failure, but a theoretically .
Disproportionality at the “Front End” of the Child Welfare Services System: An Analysis of Rates of Referrals, “Hits,” “Misses,” and “False Alarms”

Data from NIS-4, NCANDS, and the State of California were used to analyze the front end of the child welfare services system – the referral and substantiation components – in terms of the system's ability to diagnose or detect instances of child maltreatment. The analyses show that Blacks are disproportionately represented in rates of referral into the system. Moreover, the analyses demonstrate that the system is less accurate for Blacks than for other racial or ethnic groups. There is a higher rate of false positives (or “false alarms”) for Blacks than for other groups – that is, referrals leading to unsubstantiated findings. There is also a higher rate of false negatives (or “misses”) for Blacks than for other groups – that is, children for whom no referral was made but who are in fact neglected or abused. The rate of true positives (or “hits”) – children for whom a referral has been made and for whom that allegation has been substantiated – is generally higher for Blacks than for other groups, but this is attributable largely to the higher rate of referral for Blacks. In sum, the system demonstrates lower levels of accuracy for Blacks than for other groups. A model is proposed demonstrating that random error, as opposed to systematic bias, could produce a pattern of results much like that observed in the data.
Methotrexate pneumonia lacking dyspnea and radiographic interstitial patterns during treatment for early rheumatoid arthritis: bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy in a differential diagnosis

Methotrexate (MTX) pneumonia is an unpredictable and sometimes life-threatening adverse effect occurring in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We present a case of MTX pneumonia lacking severe respiratory symptoms and typical radiographic findings. A 66-year-old man with early RA presented with intermittent fever and nonproductive cough during the MTX therapy, but neither hypoxemia nor dyspnea was a complaint. His chest X-ray films revealed multiple bilateral consolidations, but interstitial infiltrates were not observed. High-resolution computed tomography showed no ground-glass opacities. In contrast, the histological findings of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) samples were characterized by the interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells and hyperplasia of type II alveolar cells, which are the main features of drug-induced interstitial inflammation. Special stains for microorganisms were negative for the TBLB samples. Although cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were slightly positive for Haemophilus influenzae, intensive antibiotic therapy was ineffective. A discontinuation of MTX followed by steroid therapy induced the patient's dramatic recovery. A new treatment with tacrolimus was started for RA. We would like to emphasize that the histological examinations and microbiological studies using BAL and TBLB are useful for the exclusion of other causes and the diagnosis of MTX pneumonia, especially in a case without typical respiratory symptoms and radiographic patterns.
Four Models of Political Representation: British MPs and the Use of ICT

This paper tests four models of political representation in the UK Parliament: the traditional, party, representative and tribune. Each involves a different usage of the Internet in order to fulfil a particular role. A rational choice approach emphasises the utility of the party model, utilising information and communication technologies to reinforce existing patterns within the political system. An empirical study suggests that the party model is the most applicable to the UK Parliament. Few MPs utilise the Internet in a way consistent with the other three models. If innovative use is to be made of the Internet, it may be at the institutional level rather than at the level of the individual MP.
The effect of congestion and agglomeration on multifactor productivity growth in Dutch regions

It is well known that labour productivity growth in Europe is slowing down, against an increasing growth rate in the US. The Netherlands is one of the countries in Europe with the lowest growth rates of productivity. This article looks at this phenomenon from a regional perspective and presents the results of a growth accounting exercise applied to regional industry data of The Netherlands between 1995 and 2002. We find that slow productivity growth in The Netherlands is particularly situated in the economic core regions and is caused by slow multifactor productivity (mfp) growth. A substantial part of this slow mfp-growth can be explained by the fact that positive agglomeration advantages are overruled by negative congestion effects caused by traffic jams.
Currency Crises and the Labour Share

This paper analyses the impact of currency crises on the labour share and identifies two main types of channel: within- and across-sector effects. First crises erode the bargaining power of workers so that within sectors, crises lower the labour share. Nevertheless, structural changes occurring during currency crises may change the aggregate level of the labour share if sectors differ in their capital intensities. We perform estimations on manufacturing sectoral panel data for 20 countries. We conclude that currency crises lower the aggregate manufacturing labour share by around 2 percentage points, and that this decline reflects mostly changes within manufacturing subsectors.
Foreign Ownership Restrictions and Market Segmentation in China's Stock Markets

We study market segmentation in China's stock markets, in which local firms issue two classes of shares: class A shares available only to Chinese citizens and class B shares available only to foreign citizens. Significant stock price discounts are documented for class B shares. We find that the price difference is primarily due to illiquid B-share markets. Relatively illiquid B-share stocks have a higher expected return and are priced lower to compensate investors for increased trading costs. However, between the two classes of shares, B-share prices tend to move more closely with market fundamentals than do A-share prices. Therefore, we find A-share premiums rather than B-share discounts in China's markets.
Effect of Change of Forest Carbon Storage on Net Carbon Dioxide Balance of Wood Use for Energy in Japan

This study analyzed the net carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions between 2005 and 2050 by using wood for energy under various scenarios of forest management and energy conversion technology in Japan, considering both CO2 emission reductions from replacement of fossil fuels and changes in carbon storage in forests. According to our model, wood production for energy results in a significant reduction of carbon storage levels in forests (by 46% to 77% in 2050 from the 2005 level). Thus, the net CO2 emission reduction when wood is used for energy becomes drastically smaller. Conventional tree production for energy increases net CO2 emissions relative to preserving forests, but fast‐growing tree production may reduce net CO2 emissions more than preserving forests does. When wood from fast‐growing trees is used to generate electricity with gas turbines, displacing natural gas, the net CO2 emission reduction from the combination of fast‐growing trees and electricity generation with gas turbines is about 58% of the CO2 emission reduction from electricity generation from gas turbines alone in 2050, and an energy conversion efficiency of around 20% or more is required to obtain net reductions over the entire period until 2050. When wood is used to produce bioethanol, displacing gasoline, net reductions are realized after 2030, provided that heat energy is recovered from residues from ethanol production. These results show the importance of considering the change in carbon storage when estimating the net CO2 emission reduction effect of the wood use for energy.
Logistics resources in seaport performance: multi-criteria analysis

Studying the logistics resource relationship within the framework of the overall performance of the main Iberian seaports performance, this article discusses how to apply the linear additive multi-criteria analysis (MCA) model and principal component analysis (PCA) to such an industry. The model incorporates the contribution of two different performance indicators—operational performance and physical capacity—measured by several indicators. First, we gather the 2009 annual data on the total cargo throughput of 16 seaport container terminals. The PCA method is then applied to attain the loading factor of each indicator and to normalize the redundancy in indicators and thereby generate meaningful results. We correspondingly find (a) operational performance contributed 48.77% while the physical capacity contributed 51.23% to overall performance; (b) the majority of seaports reveal a direct proportionality between their positioning in terms of physical capacity and their overall performance positioning; (c) this relationship changes whenever the difference in indicator value proves significant; and hence (d) this model demonstrates both its applicability and reliability in the case of the Iberian seaport industry and the relevance of encouraging multiple decision-makers to carefully consider identifying key criteria out of a given set of alternatives.
A modified and extended Triandis model for the enablers–process–outcomes relationship in hotel employees' knowledge sharing

The primary objective of this study is to propose and investigate the integrative model which was formulated by modifying and extending the Triandis model (TRIANM); this explores the structural relationships among knowledge-sharing enablers, process, and outcomes in hotels from a holistic perspective. The hypotheses are examined with data from 327 employees in 10 five-star hotels in Busan, Korea. Anticipated usefulness and reciprocal relationships are confirmed as the two most important enablers of employees' knowledge-sharing behaviour. Other significant enablers include facilitating conditions and social factors. New enablers, enjoyment in helping others and knowledge self-efficacy, that we have added to the TRIANM are also found to be significant. The path from knowledge-sharing behaviour to organizational innovation capability, the path from organizational innovation capability to organizational performance is found to be significant, respectively. The findings and theoretical and practical implications are then discussed.
Driving a Populist Party: The Danish People's Party

The Danish People’s Party has since its formation in 1995 as a splinter party of the Progress Party been very successful: Since 2001 they have acquired substantial political influence through their position as parliamentary support for the government and their electoral support reached over 23 per cent in 2005. The Danish People’s Party is deliberately building a membership organization. However, why have they chosen to do that at a time when party financing is substantial and when TV and new information technologies provide new communication instruments potentially decreasing the value of party members? Why have they enrolled members that could restrain the manoeuvrability of the party leadership? Why have they followed the organizational strategy of the established parties by building a traditional party organization when they at the same time politically have presented themselves as against the established parties? This paper is empirically based on a survey of party members, an interview, written material from the Danish People’s Party, and the national election survey of 1998. The analysis of the party membership of the Danish People’s Party shows that the party has built a membership organization where they take the advantages but (try to) avoid the disadvantages of party members. Party members are important when it comes to electioneering and providing a recruitment pool for candidates at public elections. However, party members are not granted any political influence; the party leadership decides on the policies. The Danish People’s Party When Pia Kjaersgaard entered Christiansborg, the building of the Danish parliament, and went up the stairs in the big hall on the night of the Euro referendum on September 28 2000 she was the queen of the no-sayers. The ‘no’ from the Danes was attributed by the press to her and the Danish People’s Party even though other parties had also advised a ‘no’ and even though nosayers were found among the electorate of all the parties represented in parliament. The moods and festivities of this victorious night reoccurred on the two following national election nights: On November 2
Passive mechanical properties and related proteins change with botulinum neurotoxin A injection of normal skeletal muscle

The effects of botulinum neurotoxin A on the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle have not been investigated, but may have significant impact in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders including spasticity. Single fiber and fiber bundle passive mechanical testing was performed on rat muscles treated with botulinum neurotoxin A. Myosin heavy chain and titin composition of single fibers was determined by gel electrophoresis. Muscle collagen content was determined using a hydroxyproline assay. Neurotoxin‐treated single fiber passive elastic modulus was reduced compared to control fibers (53.00 kPa vs. 63.43 kPa). Fiber stiffness and slack sarcomere length were also reduced compared to control fibers and myosin heavy chain composition shifted from faster to slower isoforms. Average titin molecular weight increased 1.77% after treatment. Fiber bundle passive elastic modulus increased following treatment (168.83 kPa vs. 75.14 kPa). Bundle stiffness also increased while collagen content per mass of muscle tissue increased 38%. Injection of botulinum neurotoxin A produces an effect on the passive mechanical properties of normal muscle that is opposite to the changes observed in spastic muscles. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:497–502, 2012
Predictors of functional outcome in Saudi Arabian patients with stroke after inpatient rehabilitation.

PURPOSE To identify the possible factors influencing functional outcome of stroke patients after inpatient rehabilitation. METHODS One hundred and eighty patients with stroke consecutively admitted for inpatient stroke rehabilitation was studied. Demographic and stroke characteristics, impairment (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), disability level (Functional Independence Measure [FIM]), psycho-emotional state (Geriatric Depression Scale-15 [GDS-15]), cognitive function (Mini Mental State Evaluation [MMSE]), and preexisting medical conditions were recorded at admission. The main measure of functional outcome was the discharge FIM score. The univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. RESULT The Mean admission total FIM score was 64.8 ± 22.4 and the mean discharge total FIM score was 84.0 ± 23.0, with this gain being highly significant (P < 0.001). Univariate analyses indicated that the significant factors influencing functional outcome of stroke patients at discharge from rehabilitation included age, total FIM score at admission, severity of stroke, recurrent stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression. However, in multiple linear regression analyses, age was not significant predictor. CONCLUSION Age predicts the function outcome to lesser extent than other covariate. The admission total FIM score, cognitive condition, depression, and stroke severity are predictors of functional outcome of stroke patients after inpatient rehabilitation.
Consumption as Voting: An Exploration of Consumer Empowerment

Purpose – Increasing numbers of consumers are expressing concerns about reports of questionable corporate practices and are responding through boycotts and buycotts. This paper compares competing theories of consumer empowerment and details findings that examine the applicability of the theory to “ethical consumer” narratives. The nature and impact of consumer empowerment in consumer decision making is then discussed.Design/methodology/approach – The study takes an exploratory approach by conducting semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with a purposive sample of ten consumers. These were recruited from an “ethical product” fair in Scotland.Findings – Results indicate that the participating consumers embraced a voting metaphor, either explicitly or implicitly, to view consumption as an ethical/political domain. Setting their choices within perceived collective consumer behaviour, they characterised their consumption as empowering. This results in an ethical consumer project that can be seen as operating wit.