Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sales Force Technology–Performance Chain: The Role of Adaptive Selling and Effort

Firms continue to struggle with the implementation of sales force technology tools and the role they play in sales representative performance. This research expands previous literature in the area of sales force automation (SFA) and customer relationship management (CRM) by looking at the consequences after technology adoption by a sales force. Data were gathered from three sources to include 662 sales representatives, 60 sales managers, and fi rm archival data. Using structural equation modeling, our fi ndings indicate that SFA usage has a direct impact on effort, thereby reducing number of hours worked, and CRM usage has a direct positive impact on adaptive selling behaviors. Moreover, experience moderates the relationship between CRM usage and adaptive selling. Discussion, limitations, and directions for future research are also discussed.
Fluid shear stress regulates metalloproteinase-1 and 2 in human periodontal ligament cells : Involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK ) and P 38 signaling pathways

(PDL) and their expression are sensitive to mechanical stresses. Shear stress as the main type of mechanical stress in tooth movement is involved in matrix turnover. However, how shear stress regulates MMPs and TIMPs system is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of fluid shear stress on expression of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1, 2 in human PDL cells and the possible roles of mitogenactivated protein kinases in this process. Three levels of fluid shear stresses (6, 9 and 12 dyn/cm) were loaded on PDL cells for 2, 4, 8 and 12 h. The results indicated that fluid shear stress rearranged cytoskeleton in PDL cells. Fluid shear stress increased expression of MMP-1, 2, TIMP-1 and suppressed TIMP-2 expression. MAP kinases including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 were activated rapidly by fluid shear stress. The ERK inhibitor blocked fluid shear stress induced MMP-1 expression and P38 inhibitor reduced fluid shear stress stimulated MMP-2 expression. Our study suggested that fluid shear stress involved in PDL remodeling via regulating MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1, 2 expression. ERK regulated fluid shear stress induced MMP-1 expression and P38 play a role in fluid shear stress induced MMP-2 upregulation. & 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Is Audit Behavior Contagious? Teamwork Experience and Audit Quality by Individual Auditors

In this paper, we demonstrate that bad audit behavior is transmitted through the teamwork experience of individual auditors. We find that auditors who have previously worked in a team (team auditors) with those who are sanctioned by the regulators for audit failure (contagious auditors) are more likely to issue lenient audit opinions, and their audited accounting numbers are more likely to be downward restated in the future, compared to those who have no overlap with contagious auditors in their teamwork experience. This contagion effect is, however, absent among auditors who previously worked in the same audit firm but not in the same team (colleague auditors) as contagious auditors. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing social learning via teamwork experience in understanding how audit quality at the individual level is shaped.
Wall teichoic acids restrict access of bacteriophage endolysin Ply 118 , 1 Ply 511 , and PlyP 40 cell wall binding domains to the Listeria 2 monocytogenes peptidoglycan 3 4

4 Marcel R. Eugster and Martin J. Loessner* 5 6 Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Running title: Binding of endolysins to Listeria cell wall 16 17 * Address correspondence to: Martin J. Loessner, martin.loessner@ethz.ch 18 19 Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. J. Bacteriol. doi:10.1128/JB.00808-12 JB Accepts, published online ahead of print on 21 September 2012
Toward a Model for Fisheries Social Impact Assessment

This paper presents a model for Fisheries Social Impact Assessment (SIA) that lays the groundwork for development of fisheries-focused, quantitative social assessments with a clear conceptual model. The usefulness of current fisheries SIA’s has been called into question by some as incompatible with approaches taken by fisheries biologists and economists when assessing potential effects of management actions. Our model’s approach is closer to the economists’ and biologists’ assessments and is therefore more useful for Fishery Management Council members. The paper was developed by anthropologists initially brought together in 2004 for an SIA Modeling Workshop by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
Identifying targets and agents of selection: innovative methods to evaluate the processes that contribute to local adaptation

Extensive empirical work has demonstrated local adaptation to discrete environments, yet few studies have elucidated the genetic and environment mechanisms that generate it. Here, we advocate for research that broadens our understanding of local adaptation beyond pattern and towards process. We discuss how studies of local adaptation can be designed to address two unresolved questions in evolutionary ecology: Does local adaptation result from fitness trade‐offs at individual loci across habitats? How do agents of selection interact to generate local adaptation to discrete contrasting habitats types and continuous environmental gradients? To inform future investigations of the genetic basis of local adaptation, we conducted a literature review of studies that mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fitness in native field environments using reciprocal transplant experiments with hybrid mapping populations or Genome‐wide Association Study (GWAS) panels. We then reviewed the literature for field experiments that disentangle the contributions of various agents of selection to local adaptation. For each question, we suggest future lines of inquiry and discuss implications for climate change and agriculture research. (i) Studies in the native habitats of five biological systems revealed that local adaptation is more often caused by conditional neutrality than genetic trade‐offs at the level of the QTL. We consider the ramifications of this result and discuss knowledge gaps in our current understanding of the genetic basis of local adaptation. (ii) We uncovered only five studies that identified the agents of selection that contribute to local adaptation, and nearly all were conducted in discrete habitats rather than across the continuous environmental gradients that many species inhabit. We introduce a novel experimental framework for illuminating the processes underlying local adaptation. A holistic view of local adaptation is critical for predicting the responses of organisms to climate change, enhancing conservation efforts, and developing strategies to improve crop resilience to environmental stress. Experiments that manipulate agents of selection in native field environments using pedigreed populations or GWAS panels offer unique opportunities for detecting the genetic and environmental mechanisms that generate local adaptation.
The Contribution of Soiled Surfaces Within Feather Picking Machines to Campylobacter Counts on Broiler Carcasses

SUMMARY Numbers of Campylobacter detected on broiler carcasses decrease due to scalding but rebound during defeathering. Earlier research indicated that escape of gut contents during defeathering is an important contributor to the increase in Campylobacter numbers, whereas aerosols created by feather picking machines are not. The objective of this study was to determine if contact with surfaces in naturally contaminated commercial feather picking machines contributes to the increased counts of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. Fully processed chilled carcasses with low numbers of Campylobacter were used as a platform to measure numbers after picking. Chilled carcasses were hung on shackles and allowed to proceed through 3 empty feather picking machines in a commercial processing plant that had been previously soiled by about 20,000 broilers. In 4 of 5 replications, although Campylobacter numbers increased on plant run control birds during defeathering, no increase in Campylobacter numbers was noted on chilled carcasses due to passage through the pickers. In one replication, however, a significant increase was observed. It is possible for contact with soiled surfaces within feather picking machines to increase Campylobacter numbers detected on broiler carcasses. However, overall these data suggest that naturally contaminated surfaces of feather picking machines are not a primary cause of the reported increase in Campylobacter numbers during defeathering.
Stability analysis and AC modeling of high-efficiency BUCK/BOOST converter

A linear model of voltage-controlled BUCK/BOOST converter in CCM mode is built by means of inductor-voltage averaging approximation and capacitor-current averaging approximation according to working conditions. It is shown that the closed-loop control-to-output characteristics coincide with the results derived by the state-space averaging method. Dynamic characteristic of the system is simulated by using MATLAB in order to design the compensation network. The simulated results exhibit good agreement with those by HSPICE and experiment results, indicating the validity of the model and compensation network.
Evaluación a Campo de la Efectividad del Tratamiento contra Nosemosis en Apiarios de la Provincia de Santa Fe

Fil: Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina
EIGENVALUE VARIANCE BOUNDS FOR WIGNER AND COVARIANCE RANDOM MATRICES

This work is concerned with finite range bounds on the variance of individual eigenvalues of Wigner random matrices, in the bulk and at the edge of the spectrum, as well as for some intermediate eigenvalues. Relying on the GUE example, which needs to be investigated first, the main bounds are extended to families of Hermitian Wigner matrices by means of the Tao and Vu Four Moment Theorem and recent localization results by Erdos, Yau and Yin. The case of real Wigner matrices is obtained from interlacing formulas. As an application, bounds on the expected $2$-Wasserstein distance between the empirical spectral measure and the semicircle law are derived. Similar results are available for random covariance matrices.
Validity of administrative data for identification of obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition associated with significant morbidity and health‐care utilization. We determined the validity of an algorithm derived from administrative data for identifying OSA using the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) as the reference standard. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults in Alberta, Canada referred for facility and community‐based sleep diagnostic testing between July 2005 and August 2007. Validity indices were estimated for several case definitions of OSA derived from outpatient physician billing claims and hospital discharge codes. For each algorithm, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated against several reference standards for OSA (RDI ≥ 5 h−1, RDI ≥ 15 h−1 or RDI ≥ 30 h−1). For the 2149 patients included in the study, an algorithm requiring one hospital discharge code or two outpatient billing claims identifying OSA in a 2‐year period had a sensitivity of 24.1%, specificity of 67.8%, PPV of 74.8% and NPV of 18.3% (reference standard RDI ≥ 5 h−1). When comorbidities were included in the case definition, the specificity was 90.5% and PPV was 83.3% (reference standard RDI ≥ 5 h−1). Similar findings were observed using RDI ≥ 15 h−1 and ≥30 h−1 as the reference standard. We identify a claims‐based algorithm that identifies OSA with a high degree of specificity in patients referred for sleep diagnostic testing. This validated algorithm has a good PPV and may be useful when identifying patients with OSA for population studies within a single‐payer health‐care system.
Field Evaluation of Green Stem Disorder in Soybean Cultivars

Green stem is a disorder of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] that causes the stems to remain green, nonsenescent, and moist, although pods and seeds are fully ripe and dry. The disorder is a nuisance for producers because it complicates harvesting of soybeans by significantly increasing the difficulty in cutting the affected plants during harvest. The cause of the disorder is unknown; however, differences in relative sensitivity to the disorder have been observed. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the relative sensitivity among commercial or near-commercial cultivars from private and public soybean breeding organizations in replicated variety tests in Illinois. In 31 tests at Dekalb, Monmouth, and Urbana, IL, during 2001 to 2004, 1187 different MG I (maturity group)-MG IV conventional and glyphosate[N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]-tolerant, cultivars were visually evaluated. There were significant differences in sensitivity among cultivars in 29 of the 31 tests, indicating that genetic variability among cultivars for green stem sensitivity exists. This variability may provide a basis for breeding for low sensitivity to the green stem disorder. Total levels of green stem disorder incidence varied over years and locations. Herbicide management systems did not appear to affect the levels of green stem incidence.
Morphing of Grayscale DEMs via Morphological Interpolations

We compute morphological medians hierarchically between the spatial fields [e.g., digital elevation models (DEMs)] represented with similar sizes via grayscale morphology-based interpolations. These hierarchically generated sequential morphological medians facilitate construction of morphing-like sequence between the source and the target spatial fields to visualize the spatiotemporal changes that have occurred between discrete time-intervals and episodic intervals. Two DEMs of similar sizes but belonging to two different regions are considered as source and target spatial fields further to 1) demonstrate morphology-based algorithm to generate all possible sequential morphological medians and 2) create morphing depicting source-DEM transforming into target-DEM. Application of morphological interpolation to DEM morphing is shown for the first time.
Status of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in a Public Hospital over a Period of 12 Years

Status of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in a Public Hospital over a Period of 12 Years Pneumococcal invasive disease refers to infection of normally sterile sites with pneumococcus, including pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia, among others. Pneumococcal pneumonia is one of the most common forms of pneumococcal disease, and is the result of bacterial infection facilitated by exposure to host and environmental risk factors. This disease primarily affect children up to one year of age living in less developed and developing countries.
Abstract Nature of Money and the Modern Equation of Exchange

The essence of money economy reveals an abstract triad: capital – labor – money, where capital is an ability of doing work, labor is a transfer of the capital to products, and wages receivables correctly define money earned by the employees. The only proper money creating process is through labor. Money is a certification of work done; therefore labor is always self-financing. Using this theoretical framework, Governments can eliminate budget deficit, reduce direct taxes and unemployment while avoiding inflation. If the compensation paid in the public sector comes from the funds collected by taxation the economy works as a scarcity machine. In the reshaped economic system the Central Bank directly transfers salaries earned by the public sector employees to their bank accounts. Then the budgets are balanced, the direct taxes are limited, and the public debt no longer grows. The modern equation of exchange involves labor productivity as a fundamental economic ratio.
A method to implement interference avoidance based MIMO-GFDM using spatial modulation

Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) is a recently proposed multicarrier waveform which is being considered as one of the possible candidates for 5G wireless access technology. Key advantages of GFDM are flexibility and low spectral side-lobes which render it the ability of carrier aggregation and reduced adjacent channel interference. However due to its non-orthogonal nature GFDM suffers from the problem of self-inter-carrier interference (self-ICI) which occurs between time-slots of adjacent subcarriers in the signal. Due to self-ICI, the bit-error rate (BER) performance of GFDM is severely affected under low SNR regime. Moreover application of MIMO technique to GFDM further adversely affects the BER due to inter-antenna interference (IAI) between the transmit antennas. To mitigate this problem, spatial modulation has been applied to GFDM and its BER performance with respect to V-BLAST based GFDM is studied under flat Rayleigh fading channel condition through computer simulations.
Phenylalkylamine Passivation of Organolead Halide Perovskites Enabling High‐Efficiency and Air‐Stable Photovoltaic Cells

Benzylamine is introduced as a surface passivation molecule that improves the moisture-resistance of the perovskites while simultaneously enhancing their electronic properties. Solar cells based on benzylamine-modified formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films exhibit a champion efficiency of 19.2% and an open-circuit voltage of 1.12 V. The modified FAPbI3 films exhibit no degradation after >2800 h air exposure.
Impacts of bottom trawling on deep-coral ecosystems of seamounts are long-lasting

Complex biogenic habitats formed by corals are important components of the megaben- thos of seamounts, but their fragility makes them susceptible to damage by bottom trawling. Here we examine changes to stony corals and associated megabenthic assemblages on seamounts off Tasma- nia (Australia) with different histories of bottom-contact trawling by analysing 64 504 video frames (25 seamounts) and 704 high-resolution images (7 seamounts). Trawling had a dramatic impact on the seamount benthos: (1) bottom cover of the matrix-forming stony coral Solenosmilia variabilis was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude; (2) loss of coral habitat translated into 3-fold declines in richness, diversity and density of other megabenthos; and (3) megabenthos assemblage structures diverged widely between trawled and untrawled seamounts. On seamounts where trawling had been reduced to <5% a decade ago and ceased completely 5 yr ago, there was no clear signal of recovery of the megabenthos; communities remained impoverished comprising fewer species at reduced densities. Differences in community structure in the trawled (as compared to the untrawled) seamounts were attributed to resistant species that survived initial impacts, others protected in natural refugia and early colonisers. Long-term persistence of trawling impacts on deep-water corals is consistent with their biological traits (e.g. slow growth rates, fragility) that make them particularly vulnerable. Because recovery on seamounts will be slow, the benefits from fishery closures may not be immedi- ately recognisable or measureable. Spatial closures are crucial conservation instruments, but will require long-term commitments and expectations of performance whose time frames match the bio- logical tempo in the deep sea.
‘ST-5’, a Shade-tolerant Turf Bermudagrass

‘ST-5’ turf bermudagrass is an interspecific [Cynodon transvaalensis Burt-Davy · C. dactylon (L.)] shade-tolerant triploid (2n = 3x = 27 chromosomes) hybrid cultivar released cooperatively by the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. ‘ST-5’ was selected in 1993 from 27,700 hybrids made in 1992. This cultivar is a male and female sterile perennial plant that is vegetatively propagated. It has been tested from 1993 through 2007 in numerous replicated tests and at a number of locations. ‘ST-5’ has performed well under normal sunlight in the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) and under up to 70% continuously reduced photosynthetically active radiation light in the 400to 700-nm wavelength range at Tifton, GA, measured with a Spectrum Technologies, Inc. Dual Radiation Meter (Spectrum Technologies, Inc., Plainfield, IL) at the level of the bermudagrass sod. Shade studies were conducted under a rain-out shelter (opposite end of the shelter used for drought tolerance research) with a fiberglass roof 1.8 m above the plots and which extended 2.7 m beyond the perimeter of the experiments (each plot was 1.8 · 1.8 m in size). Plots had continuous shade except when it rained and the shelter cover moved to the droughttolerance plots.
Work Function Engineering With Linearly Graded Binary Metal Alloy Gate Electrode for Short-Channel SOI MOSFET

Over the last few decades, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology has been identified as one possible solution for enhancing the performance of CMOS because of its numerous advantages over conventional bulk CMOS technology. One of the primary drawbacks of short-channel SOI MOSFET is the degradation of device threshold voltage with decreasing channel length. Drain-induced barrier-lowering (DIBL) effect, generated from high drain bias, is the main cause behind this length-dependent nature of threshold voltage. This “instability” in threshold voltage is responsible for making SOI device design very challenging. The instability that is known as the threshold voltage rolloff restricts further scaling of SOI devices. In this paper, an idea of work function engineering with continuous horizontal mole fraction variation in a binary alloy gate has been proposed and implemented theoretically. Analytical model-based simulation verified that performance of proposed SOI MOSFET is improved as it has higher immunity to DIBL effect.
Bilateral or Unilateral Cross-Bite Treatment with Nickel Titanium Palatal Expander (NPE-2) in Young Adults

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal and dento-alveolar effects that the Nickel-Titanium Palatal Expander (NPE-2) allows to obtain on the transverse plane, verifying its effectiveness on permanent dentition in adult patients during the treatment of bilateral or unilateral posterior cross bite. Methods: 21 patients (13 females and 8 males, mean age 17.2 years) in permanent dentition with reduction of the transverse diameter of the maxilla, bilateral or unilateral posterior cross bite, were treated with nickel titanium palatal expander. The postero-anterior radiographic evaluation screening and analysis of casts at the beginning of treatment (T1) and at six months after the application of the device (T2) were performed to study the variations obtained with the NPE-2. Results: The increase of 2.9 mm ( P < 0.01) of the distance between the points CVM+d and CVM+s valued on the postero- anterior radiograph, the increase of 2.3 mm ( P < 0.01) of the upper intermolar width and of 1.6 mm ( P < 0.01) of the upper interpremolar width were obtained. No statistically significant increase of the arch perimeter was obtained on the upper arch. No statistically significant increase of the transverse diameters was obtained on the lower arch. Conclusions: The dentoalveolar changes induced by the application of NPE-2 and the correction of bilateral or unilateral cross-bite showed the effectiveness of this device even in adults in permanent dentition.