Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Processing Models of Consumer Behavior

* James R. Bettman is Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of California at Los Angeles. He is grateful to the Ford Foundation and the Richard D. Irwin Foundation for financial support. This study was part of Doctoral research done at Yale University, Department of Administrative Sciences. Funds were also provided by the Division of Research of the Graduate School of Business Administration at UCLA. product shopping decisions. Information processing models have been successfully applied to other areas of decision making in economics [4, 8], although sueh models of the behavior of particular individual consumers have received little research effort (see [1] for a model of shopping for women's clothing, and [9] for a model framework, however). Following Neweli, Shaw, and Simon [10], the models considered in this paper have: (1) a memory consisting of an array of cues; (2) a number of simple processes that operate on the eues and develop mediating constructs; and (3) a network, or discrimination net, which represents rules for combining the cues. A decision process is thus viewed as a net through which an array of cues passes. Alternatives are taken at the choice points in the discrimination net depending upon the
Light Stable Isotopic Compositions of Enriched Mantle Sources: Resolving the Dehydration Paradox

Volatile and stable isotope data provide tests of mantle processes that give rise to mantle heterogeneity. New data on enriched mid‐oceanic ridge basalts (MORB) show a diversity of enriched components. Pacific PREMA‐type basalts (H2O/Ce = 215 ± 30, δDSMOW = −45 ± 5 ‰) are similar to those in the northern Atlantic (H2O/Ce = 220 ± 30; δDSMOW = −30 to −40 ‰). Basalts with EM‐type signatures have regionally variable volatile compositions. Northern Atlantic EM‐type basalts are wetter (H2O/Ce = 330 ± 30) and have isotopically heavier hydrogen (δDSMOW = −57 ± 5 ‰) than northern Atlantic MORB. Southern Atlantic EM‐type basalts are damp (H2O/Ce = 120 ± 10) with intermediate δDSMOW (−68 ± 2 ‰), similar to δDSMOW for Pacific MORB. Northern Pacific EM‐type basalts are dry (H2O/Ce = 110 ± 20) and isotopically light (δDSMOW = −94 ± 3 ‰). A multistage metasomatic and melting model accounts for the origin of the enriched components by extending the subduction factory concept down through the mantle transition zone, with slab temperature a key variable. Volatiles and their stable isotopes are decoupled from lithophile elements, reflecting primary dehydration of the slab followed by secondary rehydration, infiltration, and re‐equilibration by fluids derived from dehydrating subcrustal hydrous phases (e.g., antigorite) in cooler, deeper parts of the slab. Enriched mantle sources form by addition of <1% carbonated eclogite ± sediment‐derived C‐O‐H‐Cl fluids to depleted mantle at 180–280 km (EM) or within the transition zone (PREMA).
Faithful linear representations of bands

A band is a semigroup consisting of idempotents. It is proved that for any field K and any band S with finitely many components, the semigroup algebra K [S] can be embedded in upper triangular matrices over a commutative K-algebra. The proof of a theorem of Malcev [4, Theorem 10] on embeddability of algebras into matrix algebras over a field is corrected and it is proved that if S = F ∪ E is a band with two components E, F such that F is an ideal of S and E is finite, then S is a linear semigroup. Certain sufficient conditions for linearity of a band S, expressed in terms of annihilators associated to S, are also obtained.
An evaluation of Universal Sample Processing method under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme set up for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Context: The main stay in the management of tuberculosis is its early diagnosis and treatment. Aim: To evaluate the utility of Universal Sample Processing (USP) method, claimed to be more sensitive than direct smear microscopy. Materials and Methods: Sputum samples from 1000 patients with history of cough for more than two weeks, visiting the two RNTCP centers between November 2011 and November 2012, were subjected to direct Ziehl-Neelsen staining and staining after USP method. To find out if there was any difference in the time taken to detect Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) between the methods, the smears were screened by two trained RNTCP technicians. Sputum samples positive for AFB in the USP method were put up for culture on Lowenstein-Jensen medium to evaluate the suitability of USP method as a pre-treatment procedure before culture. The growth was identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by the Niacin test. Results: Ninety four samples were positive for AFB by both methods. The USP method did not detect more positives among those which were found negative by direct microscopy. There was no significant difference in the time taken to detect AFB between the methods. Among the 94 smear positive samples subjected to USP method as a pre-treatment procedure, only 40 (42.5%) samples yielded growth of MTB. Conclusions: USP technique did not offer additional advantage over direct microscopy for detection of AFB to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis. As a pre-treatment procedure, USP method yielded low mycobacterial growth even from those samples positive for AFB by microscopy, making it unsuitable for culture of MTB.
Neuro-urology for the Urogynaecologist and Urologist

Start End Topic Speakers 14:00 14:05 Introduction to the Workshop  Sohier Suzy Elneil 14:05 14:25 Neurology of the bladder and the pelvic floor  Thomas Kessler 14:25 14:45 Bladder Symptoms in the Neurological Patient  Xavier Game 14:45 15:05 Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in the Neurological Patient  Alex Digesu 15:05 15:20 Bladder and Pelvic Floor Assement in Neurogenic Bladder and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction  Xavier Game
GM vs. Non-GM: A Survival Analysis of U.S. Hybrid Seed Corn

We analyze the rate of survival of hybrid seed corn in the U.S. market between 2000 and 2007 and find that product characteristics and market structures have significant impacts. The results suggest that survival rates depend on spillover effects of learning regarding genetically modified seeds and close substitute seeds and that hybrids planted in the Corn Belt survive longer in the market than hybrids planted in other parts of the country. Given increasing concentration in seed and agricultural biotechnology sectors, our results shed light on factors that affect the survival of hybrid corn seeds under various market conditions.
Extraction and characterization of gelatin from different marine fish species in Malaysia

Gelatins from the skin of four local marine fish, namely "kerapu" ( Epinephelus sexfasciatus), "jenahak" ( Lutjianus argentimaculatus), "kembung" ( Rastrelliger kanagurta), and "kerisi" ( Pristipomodes typus) have been successfully extracted by acid extraction. Results characterization showed that the fish gelatins were comparable to the fish gelatins from other fish species previously reported. They appeared snowy white in color with crystal-like and light texture. The gelatine extracted from "kerapu" had the strongest fishy odor, followed by the gelatines derived from "jenahak", "kembung" and "kerisi". In terms of bloom strength, the gelatin extracted from "kerapu" was found to be the strongest one compared to others, with the bloom value of more than 2000 g. The gelatins developed in this study contained almost all essential amino acids, with glycine being the most predominant one.
TESTING A THEORY OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY AND COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY IN ORGANIZATIONS: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF PREDICTIVE CAPACITY ON EMPLOYEE WELL‐BEING AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP

This study attempts to advance our understanding of the experience of community in organizational settings by empirically testing a theory of sense of community responsibility (SOC-R) in relation to traditional measures of sense of community [SOC] on outcomes of employee well-being and organizational citizenship. Findings support the notion that SOC is a better predictor of employee well-being, while SOC-R more strongly predicts organizational citizenship behavior. The findings add new knowledge to the literature on the experience of community in organizations, as well as representing an important contribution to our understanding of the factors that drive employee action and well-being at work.
Molecular characterization of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from broiler chicken flocks in Iran.

The present study was designed to isolate Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler flocks in Iran and characterize it using biochemical, polymerase chain reaction assays, and phylogenetic analyses. A total of 150 tracheal swabs were collected from broiler chickens in slaughterhouses. Additionally, 150 lung and 150 tracheal tissue samples were taken from dead birds of broiler flocks that were developing symptoms of respiratory diseases. For PCR assay DNA was extracted from ORT isolates and also from tissue samples. ORT was isolated from 1 out of 150 swabs samples and 3 out of 300 total tissue samples. Four ORT isolates together with 7 DNA extractions from tissue samples generated amplification products of 784 bp after the PCR with specific primers. Finally, it was confirmed that the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and ORT isolates is close to the isolates from GenBank with identity ranging from 98% to 100%.
Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century under multiple climate change mitigation policies

Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change and climate mitigation policies, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a leading community-integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. To quantify changes in future water availability, a new gridded water-balance global hydrologic model – namely, the Global Water Availability Model (GWAM) – is developed and evaluated. Global water demands for six major demand sectors (irrigation, livestock, domestic, electricity generation, primary energy production, and manufacturing) are modeled in GCAM at the regional scale (14 geopolitical regions, 151 sub-regions) and then spatially downscaled to 0.5° × 0.5° resolution to match the scale of GWAM. Using a baseline scenario (i.e., no climate change mitigation policy) with radiative forcing reaching 8.8 W m −2 (equivalent to the SRES A1Fi emission scenario) and three climate policy scenarios with increasing mitigation stringency of 7.7, 5.5, and 4.2 W m −2 (equivalent to the SRES A2, B2, and B1 emission scenarios, respectively), we investigate the effects of emission mitigation policies on water scarcity. Two carbon tax regimes (a universal carbon tax (UCT) which includes land use change emissions, and a fossil fuel and industrial emissions carbon tax (FFICT) which excludes land use change emissions) are analyzed. The baseline scenario results in more than half of the world population living under extreme water scarcity by the end of the 21st century. Additionally, in years 2050 and 2095, 36% (28%) and 44% (39%) of the global population, respectively, is projected to live in grid cells (in basins) that will experience greater water demands than the amount of available water in a year (i.e., the water scarcity index (WSI) > 1.0). When comparing the climate policy scenarios to the baseline scenario while maintaining the same baseline socioeconomic assumptions, water scarcity declines under a UCT mitigation policy but increases with a FFICT mitigation scenario by the year 2095, particularly with more stringent climate mitigation targets. Under the FFICT scenario, water scarcity is projected to increase, driven by higher water demands for bio-energy crops.
Do the teacher and school factors of the dynamic model affect high- and low-achieving student groups to the same extent? a cross-country study

Background. The dynamic model of educational effectiveness (DMEE) is a comprehensive theoretical framework including factors that are important for school learning, based on consistent findings within educational effectiveness research. Purpose. This study investigates the impact of teacher and school factors of DMEE on mathematics and science achievement, and identifies factors with equalising qualities in terms of helping low-achieving student groups to catch up with their better-achieving peers. Sample. Data were retrieved from a large-scale, longitudinal project conducted in 571 classes in 334 schools in 6 European countries (Belgium/Flanders, Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Ireland and Slovenia). In each country, a sample of about 50 schools was drawn, and tests in mathematics and science were administered to all grade 4 students (N = 10,742) at the beginning and end of school-year 2010–2011. Design and methods. Data on teacher factors were collected through student questionnaires, and data on school factors were collected through teacher questionnaires. Two-level regression models were applied. Interaction effects between the factor and the group composition were estimated, while controlling for prior achievement. Results. Our results confirm the importance of most tested teacher factors (except for modelling and qualitative structuring) and all tested school factors of DMEE for effective math and science education. The majority of these factors appear to make an even greater difference for low-achieving student groups. Conclusions. Our results provide further validity to DMEE at classroom and school level, and indicate that most factors make a greater difference for low-achieving student groups. Thus, effective teaching is an important aspect for reducing the achievement gap. This illustrates the importance of placing the most effective teachers in schools with the highest percentage of underachieving students. Policy should encourage good teachers to teach in low-achieving schools by making these jobs more attractive, both financially and in terms of work conditions.
Comparative Study of Tissues Oxidative Stress in Hydrocotyl bonarienssis Treated Rats Fed with Dietary Galactose

Studies on toxicity of galactose and its management have been largely concentrated on the lens. The present study compare the oxidative stress that occurred in various tissues of rats placed on dietary galactose and simultaneously administered with different doses of Hydrocotyl bonariensis leave extract. Male rats weanling rats placed on dietary galactose and administered (orally) with different doses of the extract were used in the study. After four (4) weeks of treatment a significant increased level of lens and liver peroxidation with reduced activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione (GSH) level was observed in rats placed on dietary galactose, whereas the kidney was not significantly affected (though superoxide dismutase activity of the kidney increases). Administration of 500mgKg of the extract lowered the level of peroxidation of these tissues and significantly increased the catalase activity and GSH level, while superoxide dismutase activity only increased in the lens and the kidney. Though treatment with 1000mgKg of the extract reduced the level of peroxidation of these tissues, it does not increase the antioxidant status. Our findings suggests that, the lens and liver is the most at risk of oxidative stress generated with dietary galactose but not the kidney and that Hydrocotyl bonariensis leave possess active components that may be beneficial in reducing the effect of these oxidative stress when administered at lower dose.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of a 25 - week premature infant at three years of age

Extremely preterm infants (22 28 weeks gestation) are at high risk of morbidity and death. In a population-based study, Anderson and colleagues determined that twenty-eight percent of all extremely preterm infants died within the first year of life. Among infants born at 22, 23, and 24 weeks, survival to one year of age was 6%, 27%, and 60%, respectively and increased further for each 1-week increase in gestational age, from 78% at 25 weeks to 94% at 28 weeks [1]. This report examines a surviving premature neonate at three years of age to report his neurological outcomes.
Quantitation of Amino Acids in Human Hair by Trimethylsilyl Derivatization Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

The distribution of amino acids in hair can divulge information regarding the health (e.g., diabetes) and provide a means for detecting the history of the disease by segmentation of the hair as well as attributes of an individual (e.g., sex and age). Therefore, an nonenzymatic method of hair digestion and profiling is required. In addition to optimizing and validating a method for measuring the distribution of amino acids in human hair, a robust and comprehensive approach to objectively compare the most effective means of extracting and manipulating chromatographic data to obtain the best limits of detection, linearity, and sensitivity are provided. Data comparisons were made by operating the mass spectrometer in a mode that rapidly switches between total ion current (TIC) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) modes during each sample injection. In this way, any external confounding factors were negated that may otherwise influence the comparison of the linearity and sensitivity between the two modes of operation. The use of SIM, peak areas, and an internal standard provided significantly better sensitivity and limits of detection than using peak heights, TICs, or no internal standard. The sample preparation steps included protein acid hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid and trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The optimal derivatization conditions were acetonitrile as reaction solvent, temperature of 100°C, and a reaction time of 30 min. The method was validated by measuring the amino acid content of myoglobin. This validation was accurate for nine of the fourteen amino acids found in myoglobin and gave detection limits in the range of 0.04-0.1 µmol/L, quantitation limits in the range of 0.1-0.5 µmol/L, recoveries between 80% and 110%, and linear models with coefficients of determination (R 2 ) greater than 0.99 in the tested range from 1 to 300 µmol/L. The remaining five amino acids of myoglobin were deleteriously affected by acid hydrolysis.
Heavy X-Ray Absorption in Soft X-Ray-weak Active Galactic Nuclei

Recent ROSAT studies have identified a significant population of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that are notably faint in soft X-rays relative to their optical fluxes. Are these AGNs intrinsically X-ray weak or are they highly absorbed? Brandt, Laor, & Wills have systematically examined the optical and UV spectral properties of a well-defined sample of these soft X-ray-weak (SXW) AGNs drawn from the Boroson & Green sample of all the Palomar Green AGNs with z < 0.5. We present ASCA observations of three of these SXW AGNs: PG 1011-040, PG 1535+547 (Mrk 486), and PG 2112+059. In general, our ASCA observations support the intrinsic absorption scenario for explaining soft X-ray weakness; both PG 1535+547 and PG 2112+059 show significant column densities (NH ≈ 1022-1023 cm-2) of absorbing gas. Interestingly, PG 1011-040 shows no spectral evidence for X-ray absorption. The weak X-ray emission may result from very strong absorption of a partially covered source, or this AGN may be intrinsically X-ray weak. PG 2112+059 is a broad absorption line (BAL) QSO, and we find it to have the highest X-ray flux known of this class. It shows a typical power-law X-ray continuum above 3 keV; this is the first direct evidence that BAL QSOs indeed have normal X-ray continua underlying their intrinsic absorption. Finally, marked variability between the ROSAT and ASCA observations of PG 1535+547 and PG 2112+059 suggests that the soft X-ray-weak designation may be transient, and multiepoch 0.1-10.0 keV X-ray observations are required to constrain variability of the absorber and continuum.
Adsorption and inactivation of proteolytic enzymes by Triaenophorus nodulosus (Cestoda)

Summary The proteolytic activity in washings off the Triaenophorus nodulosus cestode tegument and the ability of the worms to inactivate proteolytic enzymes were studied. It was found that the major proteolytic activity in the washing samples is represented by the easily desorbed fraction most probably characterizing the activity of the host’s enzymes. Serine proteinases are an essential part of these enzymes. It was shown that the worms’ incubation medium and their homogenates can inhibit host proteinases and commercial trypsin samples. Suppressive activity of the incubation medium suggests that the inhibitors are rather spontaneously produced by the worms than induced by the presence of proteinases in the surrounding medium. The inhibitor produced by the cestode is hypothesized to be trypsin-specific.
Prognostication of Cardiovascular Complications in Metabolic Syndrome Patients : The Role of Vistafin

Vistafin is insulin-mimicking adipocytokine secreted from visceral adipose tissue, which plays an essential role in a number of biological processes affected glucose uptake regulation, inflammation, immunity, insulin resistance, vascular calcification, capillary tube formation, endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Circulating level of visfatin exhibits to be a sufficiently increased in MetS and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients compared with healthy individuals. Several clinical studies have sshown that serum vitafin may predict Cardiovascular (CV) disease and CV events in MetS and T2DM patients. The review summarizes the various aspects of the role of vistafin as biomarker of MetS compared with commonly used biomarkers, i.e. adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin. In future more investigations are needed to better understand the role of vistafin in dysmetabolic-related disease and its ability to predict CV complications in these patient populations.
Optimization of the HS-SPME-GC/MS technique for the analysis of volatile compounds in caprine Coalho cheese using response surface methodology.

Caprine Coalho cheese presents great potential for a typical protected designation of origin, considering that this traditional Brazilian cheese presents a slightly salty and acid flavor, combined with a unique texture. This study optimized the HS-SPME-GC-MS methodology for volatile analysis of Coalho cheese, which can be used as a tool to help in the identification of the distinctive aroma profile of this cheese. The conditions of equilibrium time, extraction temperature and time were optimized using the statistical tool factorial experimental design 23, and applying the desirability function. After the evaluation, it was concluded that the optimum extraction conditions comprised equilibrium and extraction time of 20 and 40 minutes, respectively; and ideal extraction temperature of 45 °C. The optimum extraction of volatile compounds in goat Coalho cheese captured 32 volatile compounds: 5 alcohols, 5 esters, 3 ketones, 6 acids, 3 aldehydes, 3 terpenes, and 7 hydrocarbons.