Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of bamboo reinforced epoxy sandwich structure composites

In the composite industry, natural fibres have great potential to replace synthetic fibres like carbon and glass, due to their low cost and environmentally friendly materials. Bamboo is emerging as a versatile reinforcing fibre candidate because this woody plant has a number of advantages, such as being naturally strong, biodegradable and abundantly available. In this study, a compression test with a crosshead displacement rate of 1 mm/min was conducted on square and triangular honeycomb core structures based on bamboo-epoxy composites so as to study their specific energy absorption. Both square and triangular honeycomb structures were manufactured by the slotting technique. Initially, a tensile test with the same crosshead displacement rate was conducted to study the tensile strength of unidirectional bamboo-epoxy composites with 0°, 45° and 90° fibre orientations. Bamboo-epoxy composite laminates were fabricated by applying a hand lay-up technique. The experimental data showed that the unidirectional bamboo-epoxy composite with 0° orientation offered the highest tensile strength. This indicates that the bamboo is stronger when parallel to the tensile axis. Meanwhile, the triangular honeycomb bamboo-epoxy structure offered about 10% more energy absorption than the square honeycomb structure, which indicates that the smaller cell size of honeycomb is able to absorb more energy than the bigger one.
High dimensional data clustering

Clustering becomes difficult due to the increasing sparsity of such data, as well as the increasing difficulty in distinguishing distances between data points. The proposed method called “kernel trick” and “Collective Neighbour Clustering”, which takes as input measures of correspondence between pairs of data points. Real-valued hubs are exchanged between data points until a high-quality set of patterns and corresponding clusters gradually emerges (Aggarwal et al ., 2015). To validate our theory by demonstrating that hubness is a high-quality measure of point centrality within a high dimensional information cluster, and by proposing several hubness-based clustering algorithms, showing that main hubs can be used effectively as cluster prototypes or as guides during the search for centroid-based cluster patterns (Gnanabaskaran et al ., 2011). Experimental results demonstrate the good performance of our proposed algorithms in manifold settings, mainly focused on large quantities of overlapping noise. The proposed methods are modified mostly for detecting approximately hyper spherical clusters and need to be extended to properly handle clusters of arbitrary shapes (Naveen et al ., 2011). For this purpose, we provide an overview of approaches that use quality metrics in high-dimensional data visualization and propose systematization based on a thorough literature review. We carefully analyze the papers and derive a set of factors for discriminating the quality metrics, visualization techniques, and the process itself ( David, 2010 ). The process is described through a reworked version of the well-known information visualization pipeline. We demonstrate the usefulness of our model by applying it to several existing approaches that use quality metrics, and we provide reﬂections on implications of our model for future research. High-dimensional data arise naturally in many domains, and have regularly presented a great challenge for traditional data-mining techniques, both in terms of effectiveness and efficiency (Sembiring et al ., 2010). Clustering becomes difficult due to the increasing sparsity of such data, as well as the increasing difficulty in distinguishing distances between data points. In this paper we take a novel perspective on the problem of clustering high-dimensional data ( Singh, 2012 ). Instead of attempting to avoid the curse of dimensionality by observing a lower-dimensional feature subspace, we embrace dimensionality by taking advantage of some inherently high-dimensional phenomena. More speciﬁcally, we show that hubness, i.e., the tendency of high-dimensional data to contain points (hubs) that frequently occur in k-nearest neighbour lists of other points, can be successfully exploited in clustering. We validate our hypothesis by proposing several hubness-based clustering algorithms and testing them on high-dimensional data. Experimental results demonstrate good performance of our algorithms in multiple settings, particularly in the presence of large quantities of noise ( Mohamed et al ., 2009 ).
Seasonal variation in the photo-physiology of homogeneous and heterogeneous Symbiodinium consortia in two scleractinian corals

Seasonal variation in the composition of the algal endosymbiont community and photo- physiology was determined in the corals Pocillopora damicornis, which show high local fidelity to one symbiont type (Symbiodinium C1), and Acropora valida, with a mixed Symbiodinium symbiont com- munity, comprising members of both clades A and C. The relative abundances of Symbiodinium types varied over time. A significant decline in symbiont densities in both coral species during the summer of 2005 coincided with a NOAA 'hotspot' warning for Heron Island. This also coincided with a relative in- crease in the presence and dominance of clade A in A. valida, particularly in sun-adapted surfaces. The effective quantum yield of Photosystem II (ΦPSII) suggested that sun-adapted surfaces of P. dami- cornis are more sensitive than shade-adapted surfaces to combined effects of higher temperature and irradiance in summer. Xanthophyll cycling was greater in P. damicornis than A. valida, irrespective of branch position and sampling time; this may be a mechanism by which P. damicornis compensates for its fidelity to Symbiodinium C1. Furthermore, xanthophyll de-epoxidation in P. damicornis symbionts was greater in sun-adapted than shade-adapted surfaces, correlating with non-photochemical quenching (NPQRLC). No variation was found in A. valida, indicating that resident symbiont com- munities may not have been physiologically compromised, perhaps as a result of changes in the composition of the Symbiodinium community consortia.
Hierarchical stability and alert state steering control of interconnected power systems

A state-space model of an interconnected power system having both generator and load nodes is proposed. The resulting system of equations is interpreted as the degenerate limit of a singularly perturbed system. The model is used to derive a condition for the (local) asymptotic stability of an equilibrium. This condition decomposes in an intuitive way for subsystems interconnected via a backbone network. The model is used to formulate the problem of steering the power system from a postdisturbance alert state to a secure state, and a solution to the steering problem is also proposed.
Pengaruh Gaya Belajar VAK pada Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Fisika Siswa SMP Negeri 2 Narmada Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016

This quasi-experimental research aims at revealing (1) the effect of PBL learnings model on physics sciences student’s learning outcomes (2) the effect of VAK learning styles on physics sciences student’s learning outcomes (3) the interaction effects between learnings model with learning style on physics sciences student’s learning outcomes. The population is all students of SMP Negeri 2 Narmada grade VIII consisting of 87 students, and 59 of which were used as samples that were chosen by purposive sampling technique. The research design used 2 x 3 factorial design and data were analysed by using two ways Anova at significant level α of 0.05. The results indicated that: (1) PBL learning’s model has an effect on the physics science student’s learning outcomes as shown by a higher F count in comparison to F table (21.15 and 4.02, respectively); (2) learning styles has an effect on physics sciences student’s learning outcomes as shown by a higher F count in comparison to F table (5.39 and 3.17, respectively); (3) an interaction effect does exist between the learning model with learning style on physics sciences student’s learning outcomes up to 50.2 % as shown by a higher F count in comparison to F table with values of 16.13 and 3.17, respectively.
Redistribution or Education? The Political Economy of the Social Race

In an overlapping generations model with two social classes, rich and poor, parents of the different social classes vote on two issues: redistributive policies for them and education investment for their children. Public education is the engine for growth through its effect on human capital; but it is also the vehicle through which children born to poor families may exchange their positions with children born to rich families. This is because education reduces the probability of a mismatch, i.e. individuals with low talent but coming from rich families being placed in jobs which should be reserved to people with high talent (and vice-versa). We find a political economy equilibrium of the voting game using probabilistic voting. When the poor are more politically influential, the economy is characterized by higher levels of education, growth and social mobility than under political regimes supported by the rich; pre-tax inequality is greater in the former case, but post-tax is lower.
First description of the Minnesota Earth System Model for Ocean biogeochemistry (MESMO 1.0)

Abstract. Here we describe the first version of the Minnesota Earth System Model for Ocean biogeochemistry (MESMO 1.0), an intermediate complexity model based on the Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system model (GENIE-1). As with GENIE-1, MESMO has a 3D dynamical ocean, energy-moisture balance atmosphere, dynamic and thermodynamic sea ice, and marine biogeochemistry. Main development goals of MESMO were to: (1) bring oceanic uptake of anthropogenic transient tracers within data constraints; (2) increase vertical resolution in the upper ocean to better represent near-surface biogeochemical processes; (3) calibrate the deep ocean ventilation with observed abundance of radiocarbon. We achieved all these goals through a combination of objective model optimization and subjective targeted tuning. An important new feature in MESMO that dramatically improved the uptake of CFC-11 and anthropogenic carbon is the depth dependent vertical diffusivity in the ocean, which is spatially uniform in GENIE-1. In MESMO, biological production occurs in the top two layers above the compensation depth of 100 m and is modified by additional parameters, for example, diagnosed mixed layer depth. In contrast, production in GENIE-1 occurs in a single layer with thickness of 175 m. These improvements make MESMO a well-calibrated model of intermediate complexity suitable for investigations of the global marine carbon cycle requiring long integration time.
The Effect of Tannins in Grape Pomace and Oak Leaf on the in vitro Organic Matter Digestibility and in situ Disappearance of Sheep

The effect of grape pomace (Vitis vinifera) and in oak leaf (Quercus libani) tannins by three runs of in vitro gas production on the organic matter digestibility (OMD) and in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance were studied in four sheeps. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to deactivate the tannins. In vitro gas production was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h of incubation. The chemical composition (g/kg DM) of grape pomace and oak leaf were 940, 940 organic matter (OM); 94, 116 crude protein (CP); 568, 515 neutral detergent fiber (NDFom); 467, 316 acid detergent fiber (ADFom); 242, 93; (lignin (sa)); 70.5, 82 total phenols (TP); 49.7, 73 total tannins (TT); 79, 5.4 condensed tannin (CT) and 40, 70 hydrolysable tannin (HT). Using grape pomace and oak leaf decreased OMD, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), insoluble but fermentable fraction (b) and fermentation rate (c) comparing to control (P<0.05). The addition of PEG increased in vitro gas production (IVGP) at all times of incubation. Kinetics of gas production, OMD and SCFA were also increased by PEG incorporation (P<0.05). The increase in gas production (%) (IGP) in grape pomace (GP) diet was higher than those in oak leaf (OL) diet. The amounts of total protozoa, Isotricha, Dasytricha, subfamily of Entodiniinae, Diplodiniinae and Ophrioscolecinae were decreased by addition of grape pomace and oak leaf. The addition of PEG increased total protozoa, subfamily of Entodiniinae, Diplodiniinae and Ophrioscolecinae populations in grape pomace diet (P<0.05), but increased Isotricha, Dasytricha and subfamily of Diplodiniinae in oak leaf diet (P<0.05). The effective degradability (ED) (g/kg DM) of DM and CP for alfalfa, grape pomace and oak leaf were (646.6, 357.7 and 362.3) and (821, 227.3 and 202), respectively based on in situ fermentation. In conclusion, using grape pomace and oak leaf have positively modified NH 3-N concentration and protozoa population. Diet containing grape pomace and oak leaf had lower fermentability than the diet containing alfalfa. Supplementation of PEG in GP and OL diets improved the fermentability of these diets.
Monetary Sovereignty, Exchange Rates, and Capital Controls: The Trilemma in the Interwar Period

The interwar period was marked by the end of the classical gold standard regime and new levels of macroeconomic disorder in the world economy. The interwar disorder often is linked to policies inconsistent with the constraint of the openeconomy trilemma-the inability of policymakers simultaneously to pursue a fixed exchange rate, open capital markets, and autonomous monetary policy. The first two objectives were linchpins of the pre-1914 order As increasingly democratic polities faced pressures to engage in domestic macroeconomic management, however, either currency pegs or freedom of capital movements had to yield. This historical analytic narrative is compelling – with significant ramifications for today's world, if true – but empirically controversial. We apply theory and empirics to the interwar data and find strong support for the logic of the trilemma. Thus, an inability to pursue consistent policies in a rapidly changing political and economic environment appears central to an understanding of the interwar crises, and the same constraints still apply today.
'Windfall Profits 2.0' During the Third Phase of the EU-ETS

The first two phases of the EU-ETS were characterized by a profit increase, which was primarily due to free allowances given through grandfathering. To avoid these windfall profits and to decrease leakage, two major modifications have been implemented for the third phase: electric companies no longer receive free allowances, while energy intensive and trade exposed sectors are granted free allowances that are calculated based on firm production capacity. This paper theoretically shows a new type of profit increase in sectors that are not exposed to international competition. This paper also illustrates the profit increase for the third phase of the EU-ETS and shows that profits in the electricity sector may increase by approximately 2% when free allowances are given to the other sectors.
HERSCHEL EXPLOITATION OF LOCAL GALAXY ANDROMEDA (HELGA). III. THE STAR FORMATION LAW IN M31

We present a detailed study of how the star formation rate (SFR) relates to the interstellar medium (ISM) of M31 at ∼140 pc scales. The SFR is calculated using the far-ultraviolet and 24 μm emission, corrected for the old stellar population in M31. We find a global value for the SFR of and compare this with the SFR found using the total far-infrared luminosity. There is general agreement in regions where young stars dominate the dust heating. Atomic hydrogen (H i) and molecular gas (traced by carbon monoxide, CO) or the dust mass is used to trace the total gas in the ISM. We show that the global surface densities of SFR and gas mass place M31 among a set of low-SFR galaxies in the plot of Kennicutt. The relationship between SFR and gas surface density is tested in six radial annuli across M31, assuming a power law relationship with index, N. The star formation (SF) law using total gas traced by H i and CO gives a global index of N = 2.03 ± 0.04, with a significant variation with radius; the highest values are observed in the 10 kpc ring. We suggest that this slope is due to H i turning molecular at ΣGas ∼ 10 M☉ pc−2. When looking at H2 regions, we measure a higher mean SFR suggesting a better spatial correlation between H2 and SF. We find N ∼ 0.6 with consistent results throughout the disk—this is at the low end of values found in previous work and argues against a superlinear SF law on small scales.
Positive Art: Artistic Expression and Appreciation as an Exemplary Vehicle for Flourishing

The relevance of the arts to well-being has been recognized within clinical fields, as reflected in therapeutic forms based on various art modalities, from music to drama therapy. However, there has hitherto been little appreciation of the broader potential of the arts as a vehicle for flourishing and fulfillment in fields such as positive psychology. As such, this article proposes the creation of “positive art” as a field encompassing theory and research concerning the well-being value of art. To show the scope and possibilities of this proposed field, the article provides an indicative summary of literature pertaining to 4 major art forms: visual art, music, literature, and drama. Moreover, the article identifies 5 main positive outcomes that are consistently found in the literature across all these forms: sense-making, enriching experience, aesthetic appreciation, entertainment, and bonding. The article aims to encourage a greater focus on the arts in fields such as positive psychology, enabling science to more fully understand and appreciate the positive power of the arts.
Transport of Blue Crab Larvae in the Northern Gulf of Mexico During the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

To better understand population connectivity of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus and how it may have been affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, we simulated larval disper- sal with a biophysical model of the coastal waters from western Louisiana to the Florida panhan- dle. We investigated connectivity patterns, intra-annual variability, and potential impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill during the spring and summer of 2010. Overall, we found that the Mis- sissippi River delta (MRD) is a barrier to dispersal, and that local retention was high; of the 7.7% of larvae that successfully settled, 37.5% returned to their natal estuary and 28.5% to an adjacent one. We used network metrics to assess the overall diversity of population connectivity and the importance of individual estuaries to maintaining connectivity. The proportion of larvae that suc- cessfully settle does not significantly change during the spawning season, but connectivity among estuaries significantly declines. Estuaries near the MRD were most important for maintaining con- nectivity, likely because they were the primary source of the few larvae that crossed the MRD. These patterns influence the distribution of settlement locations for larvae that were potentially exposed to oil. A total of 38.1% of the simulated larvae were potentially exposed to oil, and these larvae were concentrated on the eastern side of the MRD. For some spawning events, up to 96.3% of the larvae that successfully settled east of the MRD were potentially exposed to oil, which may have substantial implications for population dynamics. These results provide quantitative predic- tions regarding blue crab connectivity in the northern Gulf of Mexico that can be corroborated with data. The predictions can be applied for disaster management planning and for management of this environmentally and economically important species.
An Investigation of the Likelihood Ratio Test For Detection of Differential Item Functioning

Type I error rates for the likelihood ratio test for de tecting differential item functioning (DIF) were investi gated using monte carlo simulations. Two- and three-parameter item response theory (IRT) models were used to generate 100 datasets of a 50-item test for samples of 250 and 1,000 simulated examinees for each IRT model. Item parameters were estimated by marginal maximum likelihood for three IRT models: the three-parameter model, the three-parameter model with a fixed guessing parameter, and the two-parameter model. All DIF comparisons were simulated by ran domly pairing two samples from each sample size and IRT model condition so that, for each sample size and IRT model condition, there were 50 pairs of reference and focal groups. Type I error rates for the two-param eter model were within theoretically expected values at each of the α levels considered. Type I error rates for the three-parameter and three-parameter model with a fixed guessing parameter, however, were different from the theoretically expected values at the α levels considered.
TANAMI monitoring of Centaurus A: The complex dynamics in the inner parsec of an extragalactic jet

Context. Centaurus A (Cen A) is the closest radio-loud active galactic nucleus. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) enables us to study the spectral and kinematic behavior of the radio jet-counterjet system on milliarcsecond scales, providing essential information for jet emission and propagation models. Aims. In the framework of the TANAMI monitoring, we investigate the kinematics and complex structure of Cen A on subparsec scales. We have been studying the evolution of the central parsec jet structure of Cen A for over 3.5 years. The proper motion analysis of individual jet components allows us to constrain jet formation and propagation and to test the proposed correlation of increased high-energy flux with jet ejection events. Cen A is an exceptional laboratory for such a detailed study because its proximity translates to unrivaled linear resolution, where one milliarcsecond corresponds to 0.018 pc. Methods. As a target of the southern-hemisphere VLBI monitoring program TANAMI, observations of Cen A are done approximately every six months at 8.4 GHz with the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA) and associated telescopes in Antarctica, Chile, New Zealand, and South Africa, complemented by quasi-simultaneous 22.3 GHz observations. Results. The first seven epochs of high-resolution TANAMI VLBI observations at 8.4 GHz of Cen A are presented, resolving the jet on (sub-)milliarcsecond scales. They show a di erential motion of the subparsec scale jet with significantly higher component speeds farther downstream where the jet becomes optically thin. We determined apparent component speeds within a range of 0:1c to 0:3c and identified long-term stable features. In combination with the jet-to-counterjet ratio, we can constrain the angle to the line of sight to 12 45 . Conclusions. The high-resolution kinematics are best explained by a spine-sheath structure supported by the downstream acceleration occurring where the jet becomes optically thin. On top of the underlying, continuous flow, TANAMI observations clearly resolve individual jet features. The flow appears to be interrupted by an obstacle causing a local decrease in surface brightness and circumfluent jet behavior. We propose a jet-star interaction scenario to explain this appearance. The comparison of jet ejection times to high X-ray flux phases yields a partial overlap of the onset of the X-ray emission and increasing jet activity, but the limited data do not support a robust correlation.