Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative theoretical and experimental studies of breakup , outgassing and stress-induced cavitation of Newtonian and polymerically thickened liquids

Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability Our proposed studies are rather specialized; they are in ranges of parameters not previously investigated or they focus on topics for which, to our knowledge, there is no prior literature. Three such topics are: (1) application of viscous and viscoelastic potential flow to Kelvin-Helmholz instability, (2) stress induced cavitation and (3) solubility of gases in thickened liquids.
A 12 to 24 weeks pilot study of sertraline treatment in obese women binge eaters

Previous studies tested the efficacy of sertraline in Binge Eating Disorder (BED) over a period of 6 weeks. The present open study assesses the efficacy of sertraline over a period of 24 weeks in obese persons with binge eating behaviour (with or without the full criteria for BED) confirmed by high scores on the Binge Eating Scale (BES). Thirty‐two obese outpatients (14 with BED and 18 without full criteria for BED), without co‐occurring psychiatric comorbidities, were treated with sertraline (dose range 100–200 mg/d). Subjects were assessed at baseline and at 8, 12 and 24 weeks of treatment for number of binges, weight and psychopathology. After 8 weeks of treatment a significant improvement in the BES score and a significant weight loss emerged. These results were maintained over 24 weeks. A moderate drop out rate was detected, but no significant association with the severity of side effects was found. Further studies are needed to confirm the usefulness of sertraline in the treatment of patients with BED and also in binge eaters with a less severe eating psychopathology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further Tests in Hamsters for Oncogenic Quality of Ordinary Viruses and Mycoplasma, with Correlative Review.∗

Summary Previous and present findings demonstrated the failure of tumor induction in newborn hamsters by adenovirus 1, 2, 3 (tentative), 4, 5, and 6 (tentative), vaccinia, herpes simplex, varicella, cytomegalo-virus, reovirus 1 (tentative), poliovirus 1 and 3, ECHO 25, Coxsackie A10 and A21, rhino virus 11, 23 and 30, encephalo-myocarditis, chikungunya, Hawaiian dengue, Marituba, Sicilian sandfly, influenza A2, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syn-cytial, mumps, measles (virulent and attenuated), rubella, rabies, visceral lymphomatosis (including RPL-12 and RIF agent), pneumonia virus of mice and lymphocytic chorio-meningitis viruses and two Mycoplasma species including Eaton agent. Adenovirus 7 was moderately and adenovirus 12 and 18 were highly oncogenic. Tumors occurred in 2 animals which Received Bryan strain Rous sarcoma. The findings are discussed in relation to the familial, biophysical, biochemical and structural properties of the viruses studied and with respect to the evidences which suggest a possible role of virus in human neo-plasia. The authors are indebted to W. Raupp, T. Bed-dow, R. Grady and W. Clark for valuable technical assistance.
Anxiety and depression in burn patients.

BACKGROUND The psychological aspects of burn injury have been researched in different parts of world producing different outcomes. Therefore objective of this research is to determine the frequency of Anxiety and Depression in burn patients. To assess the socio-demographic distribution of patients developing Anxiety and Depression and to determine the effects of burn related factors on development of Anxiety and Depression. METHODS A Case series was conducted at the Department of Burn, Pakistan Ordinance Factory Hospital, Wah Cantt. for a duration of 12 months commencing from June 2007 and concluded in May 2008. The study population comprised of hospitalized patients with 1% to 50%, selected through non probable sampling technique who were assessed for Anxiety and Depression on fifteen day after burn injury. Testing protocol comprised of questionnaire having socio-demographic variables and burn related variables. Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory was applied to evaluate Anxiety and Depression in Burn patients. Descriptive statistics like mean with Standard Deviation was calculated for age. Frequencies along with percentages were calculated for socio-demographic variables. The frequencies and proportions were also calculated for presence and extent of severity of depression and anxiety in burn patients. RESULTS Fifty patients were included in the study, thirty patients (60%) were male and 20 (40%) were females. The mean age of participants was 33.64 +/- 19 years. Majority of participants, 38 (76%) had sustained burn injury up to 25%. Flame was found to be most common agent of burn injuries affecting 19 (38%) patients. Depression was seen amongst 29 (58%) patients. Thirteen (26 %) patients had mild, 7 (14%) had moderate and 9 (18%) had severe Depressive symptoms. Anxiety was seen among 41 (82%) patients, thirteen (26%) patients had mild, 11 (22%) had moderate and 17 (34%) had severe Anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION Anxiety was present in 41 (82%) and Depression was present in 29 (58%) patients following burn injury. This study highlights the importance of the simultaneous evaluation and management of Anxiety and Depression in burn injured patients.
Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

In the past two decades, a great deal of information on the role of endophytic microorganisms in nature has been collected. The capability of colonizing internal host tissues has made endophytes valuable for agriculture as a tool to improve crop performance. In this review, we addressed the major topics concerning the control of insects-pests by endophytic microorganisms. Several examples of insect control are described, notably those involving the interactions between fungi and grazing grasses from temperate countries. The mechanisms by which endophytic fungi control insect attacks are listed and include toxin production as well as the influence of these compounds on plant and livestock and how their production may be affected by genetic and environmental conditions. The importance of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi for insect control is also addressed. As the literature has shown, there is a lack of information on endophytes from tropical hosts, which are more severely affected by pests and diseases. Having this in mind, we have included an updated and extensive literature in this review, concerning new findings from tropical plants, including the characterization of endophytic fungi and bacteria microbiota from several Amazon trees, citrus and medicinal plants among others.
The statin era: in search of the ideal lipid regulating agent

Over the past decade, the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or statins, have established themselves as among the most successful of all classes of cardiovascular drugs. Significant reductions in recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, and death have been demonstrated in a series of landmark trials of statins in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) and high or normal blood cholesterol concentrations.1-3 Primary prevention with statins has also been shown in large populations of asymptomatic individuals at increased risk for coronary disease4 5(fig 1). Aggressive statin treatment has been found to prevent or defer subsequent events in patients after coronary bypass graft surgery6 and to be as effective as angioplasty in delaying events in patients with stable angina.7 New studies are under way to explore the use of statins to prevent first or recurrent stroke, peripheral vascular disease, diabetic complications, and other conditions. Figure 1 Landmark clinical event trials: relevance to clinical practice. A series of landmark clinical event trials have demonstrated the benefits of statins for primary and secondary prevention. These benefits have been seen in patients with coronary heart disease and high or normal blood cholesterol concentrations, as well as in asymptomatic patients at increased risk for coronary heart disease. 4S, Scandinavian simvastatin survival study; LIPID, long-term intervention with pravastatin in ischemic disease; CARE, cholesterol and recurrent events trial; WOSCOPS, West of Scotland coronary prevention study; AFCAPS/TexCAPS, Air Force/Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study. With their extensive clinical trial track record, statins are by far the most prescribed class of lipid regulating drugs, with worldwide sales that approach US$10 billion annually. Although various types of new lipid regulating agents are in development, none appears likely to supplant the statin hegemony in the near future. Nevertheless, even in the midst of the “statin era” in the management of …
Örgütsel Adalet : Ortaya Çıkışı, Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar ve Bugünkü Durumu

Organizational justice consists of employees’ evaluations of fairness in work environment. Early studies about justice have shown that organizational justice consists of only evaluations of outcomes like salary or promotion. Subsequently importance of fair procedures and interpersonal behaviors were discovered. The three basic types of organizational justice are distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Researchers have examined these justice types by using different theoretical perspectives. The studies have indicated the existence of relationships between organizational justice and job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship, faithfulness, antisocial behaviors, work performance, and other important work behaviors. These findings revealed that in order to understand employee behaviors better, the concept of organizational justice has to examined particularly. In this article the emergence and development of organizational justice are overviewed. Important theoretical approaches to organizational justice were also examined. The aim of this article is to provide a historical overview about organizational justice and to form a view-point about this concept for future studies.
Incidence of Herpesvirus Antibody Among Leukemic and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

Summary This report presents data which show complement fixation or fluorescent antibody titers to the herpes virus group in sera from patients with leukemia, patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and healthy controls. Higher titers against EBV, herpes simplex type 1, and varicella were found in the sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Postactivation potentiation in human muscle is not related to the type of maximal conditioning contraction

The mechanical performance of a muscle can be enhanced by preceding contractile activity, such as occurs with postactivation potentiation. To investigate whether the type of contraction influences the extent of potentiation, the effects of 6‐s maximal isometric (ISO), concentric (CON), and eccentric (ECC) maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) on the muscle twitch were compared in the tibialis anterior of nine subjects. The study also examined the effect of postactivation potentiation on the force evoked by the second (C2) and third (C3) responses of two‐pulse (PT2) and three‐pulse (PT3) trains that were delivered at a 10‐ms interpulse interval. The results showed that immediately after the conditioning MVC, twitch torque (Pt) and its maximal rate of torque development (+dPt/dt) and relaxation (‐dPt/dt) were significantly enhanced, without any change in contraction time (CT), half‐relaxation time (½RT), and compound muscle action potential (M wave). The extent of Pt potentiation was similar for all MVC modalities, and the mean maximal values ranged from 150% to 180%. Furthermore, postactivation potentiation was greater for the single pulse compared with PT2 and PT3 responses. All parameters returned to initial values within 7–10 min. Although Pt (or C1) was potentiated more than was C2 and C3, its decline over time was proportionally more rapid than those for C2 and C3. We conclude that postactivation potentiation was not related to the type of conditioning MVC under these experimental conditions. The observation that postactivation potentiation increased C1 more than C2 and C3 indicates that a saturation process limits the extent of potentiation during the summation of successive responses to a train of stimuli. These results have practical application in the design of functional electrical stimulation protocols. Muscle Nerve, 2004
Inhibition of cellular proliferation and modulation of insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins by retinoids in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line

Retinoids are potent inhibitors of growth and tumor progression in many mammary carcinoma cell lines, though regulation of growth in nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells by retinoids is less clear. Here, we have characterized the inhibition of MAC‐T (a nontransformed bovine mammary epithelial cell line) cellular proliferation by retinoids and their role in regulating insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). Retinoic acid (RA) (100 nM) was a potent inhibitor of MAC‐T cell proliferation. Retinol was 10–100 times less effective. Neither retinoid could completely arrest growth at noncytotoxic concentrations. Retinoic acid inhibited cellular proliferation by 1 h (P < .05), but inhibition was fivefold greater by 24 h (P < .01). This second stage of growth inhibition (after 12 h) was dependent upon protein synthesis. However, RA‐induced inhibition of cellular proliferation did not persist, with thymidine incorporation increasing toward control levels by 4 days in culture. Retinoic acid was less effective in inhibiting thymidine incorporation when cells were stimulated with insulin, des(1–3) IGF‐I, or Long(R3) IGF‐I when compared to cells stimulated with native IGF‐I or serum. Inhibition of proliferation by RA was associated with increased levels of IGFBP‐2 in conditioned media and in plasma membrane preparations. Treatment with insulin or des(1–3) IGF‐I resulted in the appearance of IGFBP‐3 in conditioned media and on the cell surface. However, RA significantly reduced IGFBP‐3 levels in conditioned media and eliminated IGFBP‐3 associated with the plasma membrane. Thus, RA is a potent but transient inhibitor of bovine mammary epithelial cell proliferation, and this growth inhibition is correlated with increased IGFBP‐2 accumulation and inhibition of IGF‐I stimulated IGFBP‐3 protein secretion. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of life assessment in HIV clinical research in resource‐limited settings: better late than never

Comprehensive and sustained optimal care for patients infected with HIV can now be achieved in resource‐constrained settings, thanks to the sustainability of programs providing antiretroviral therapy (ART). But the primary goals of HIV virological suppression and improved survival need to be accompanied by a substantial improvement in patient’s experience with HIV care and treatment. An assessment of both patients’ quality of life and perceived toxicity and symptoms should now be systematically integrated into HIV clinical research in resource‐constrained countries. This will allow treatment strategies aimed at optimizing the durability of response to ART in these settings to be properly evaluated and compared.
Disorders of aldosterone biosynthesis and action.

Patients with Addison's disease excrete excessive amounts of sodium in the urine but retain potassium, thus becoming hyponatremic and hyperkalemic. Early studies demonstrated that the problems could be ameliorated in humans and animals by administering extracts from adrenal glands1,2. These extracts were presumed to contain hormones with sodium-retaining, or mineralocorticoid, properties. The existence of distinct mineralocorticoids was, however, not proved until a novel steroid with potent mineralocorticoid activity was isolated3. This hormone was named aldosterone to acknowledge its unique structural feature, an aldehyde group at C18. This article reviews conditions of mineralocorticoid deficiency or excess, concentrating on .
Neural, Metabolic, and Performance Adaptations to Four Weeks of High Intensity Sprint-Interval Training in Trained Cyclists

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term, high-intensity sprint training on the root mean squared (RMS) and median frequency (MF) derived from surface electromyography (EMG), as well as peak power, mean power, total work, and plasma lactate levels in trained cyclists when performed concurrently with endurance training. Seventeen trained cyclists were randomly assigned to a sprint training (S) group (n = 10, age 25 +/- 2.0 y) or a control (C) group (n = 7, age 25 +/- 0.5 y). Sprint training was performed bi-weekly for four weeks, comprising a total of 28 min over the training period. EMG measurements were taken before and after training during a series of four 30-s sprints separated by four minutes of active recovery. Plasma lactate, peak power, mean power, and total work were measured during each sprint bout. Following sprint training a significant increase occurred in the RMS of the vastus lateralis with a decrease in MF of the same muscle. Values for the vastus medialis did not change. Pre training exercising plasma lactate values were higher (p < 0.05) in C compared to S, but did not change with training. Exercising plasma lactate values increased (p < 0.05) from pre to post training in S, but were not different from C post training. Total work output increased from pre to post in S (p = 0.06). Peak power, mean power, and V.O (2)max increased (p < 0.05) pre to post training in S and C, indicating C was not a true control. In conclusion, these data suggest that four weeks of high-intensity sprint training combined with endurance training in a trained cycling population increased motor unit activation, exercising plasma lactate levels, and total work output with a relatively low volume of sprint exercise compared to endurance training alone.
Use of model for end‐stage liver disease exception points for early liver transplantation and successful reversal of hepatic myelopathy with a review of the literature

Hepatic myelopathy (HM) is a rarely reported disorder characterized by progressive spastic paraparesis due to impaired corticospinal tract function in the setting of cirrhosis or portosystemic shunting. HM has not to date been recognized as a Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception for transplantation. Outcomes for a small number of patients from Europe and Asia who have undergone liver transplantation (LT) for HM suggest a potential neurological benefit, especially with earlier transplantation. We report the first use of MELD exception points for the condition of HM to enable early LT resulting in the reversal of marked spastic paraparesis. Our patient, whose myelopathy had markedly progressed without further hepatic decompensation, underwent LT 14 months after the diagnosis of HM with an adjusted MELD score of 30, which was granted as a United Network for Organ Sharing exception. After LT, there was significant neurological improvement as the patient progressed from wheelchair dependency to full ambulation. We reviewed the literature of other HM patients who had undergone LT. With our patient, there were in all 15 reported cases of LT in individuals with HM. LT can lead to a marked improvement in HM, particularly in the earlier clinical stages of the disorder. Early LT can be accomplished, as in our case, by the submission of an appeal for a MELD upgrade. Liver Transpl 16:818–826, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
An Increasing Proportion of Monotypic HIV-1 DNA Sequences during Antiretroviral Treatment Suggests Proliferation of HIV-Infected Cells

ABSTRACT Understanding how HIV-1 persists during effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) should inform strategies to cure HIV-1 infection. We hypothesize that proliferation of HIV-1-infected cells contributes to persistence of HIV-1 infection during suppressive ART. This predicts that identical or monotypic HIV-1 DNA sequences will increase over time during ART. We analyzed 1,656 env and pol sequences generated following single-genome amplification from the blood and sputum of six individuals during long-term suppressive ART. The median proportion of monotypic sequences increased from 25.0% prior to ART to 43.2% after a median of 9.8 years of suppressive ART. The proportion of monotypic sequences was estimated to increase 3.3% per year (95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 4.4%; P < 0.001). Drug resistance mutations were not more common in the monotypic sequences, arguing against viral replication during times with lower antiretroviral concentrations. Bioinformatic analysis found equivalent genetic distances of monotypic and nonmonotypic sequences from the predicted founder virus sequence, suggesting that the relative increase in monotypic variants over time is not due to selective survival of cells with viruses from the time of acute infection or from just prior to ART initiation. Furthermore, while the total HIV-1 DNA load decreased during ART, the calculated concentration of monotypic sequences was stable in children, despite growth over nearly a decade of observation, consistent with proliferation of infected CD4+ T cells and slower decay of monotypic sequences. Our findings suggest that proliferation of cells with proviruses is a likely mechanism of HIV-1 DNA persistence, which should be considered when designing strategies to eradicate HIV-1 infection.
The insulin resistance in women with hyperandrogenism is partially reversed by antiandrogen treatment: evidence that androgens impair insulin action in women.

To assess whether androgen excess per se might impair insulin action, insulin sensitivity was measured by a two-step (20 and 80 mU/m2.min) hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp combined with indirect calorimetry and tracer glucose infusion in 43 women (13 obese and 30 nonobese) with normal glucose tolerance and clinical evidence of increased androgen action (hirsutism and/or polycystic ovary syndrome) as well as 12 age- and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Hyperandrogenic women were studied basally and after 3-4 months of antiandrogen treatment with 3 different drugs: spironolactone (n = 23), flutamide (n = 10), or the GnRH agonist buserelin (n = 10). Six women given spironolactone were also reexamined after 1 yr of therapy. At baseline, insulin-mediated glucose uptake was lower in hyperandrogenic women than in controls (by ANOVA, F = 14.3; P < 0.001). Insulin resistance was observed in both ovarian and nonovarian hyperandrogenism, as distinguished by acute GnRH agonist testing. After antiandrogen therapy, insulin action on glucose metabolism significantly increased for both the patients as a whole (F = 7.4; P < 0.01) and each treatment group separately. However, insulin action remained lower than in controls and showed no further improvement in patients reevaluated after I yr of treatment. Increases in both oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism accounted for the improvement in substrate disposal induced by antiandrogen drugs. The increase in the effectiveness of insulin was greater in the lean subjects, whereas the change was small and not statistically significant in the obese women. Response to treatment was more pronounced in women with nonovarian hyperandrogenism, particularly at the low insulin infusion rate. Endogenous glucose production in hyperandrogenic patients was similar to that in healthy women and was unaffected by therapy. In conclusion, antiandrogen treatment partially reversed the peripheral insulin resistance associated with hyperandrogenism regardless of which antiandrogen was used. These data strongly suggest that in women, androgen excess per se contributes to impairment of insulin action.