Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF END USER’S ADOPTION OF ICT IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have the power to provide substantial economic and social benefits. Thus, it is important to be familiar with the process of technology diffusion among end users for efficiently implementing adoption along with frequent changes in the environment. This study composes a theoretical framework to identify the influencing determinants on the adoption of mobile Internet as a mean of ICT in a consumer context in Saudi Arabia. The proposed model incorporates eight constructs: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influences, perceived value, perceived playfulness, attention focus, and behavioral intention. Individual differences—namely, age, gender, and experience—are hypothesized to moderate the effects of behavioral intention towards the use of mobile Internet. It was found that performance expectancy and perceived playfulness have the strongest significant effect on the behavioral intentions towards the use of mobile Internet. The findings of this study provide several crucial implications for mobile Internet service providers, practitioners, consumers and researchers.
Naïve Bayes classifier

The Bayes Theorem gives us information of changes in probability given a particular situation. Bayes theorem act as a basic criteria for many machine learning algorithm and forms the basis of Naïve Bayes classifier. These kind of classifier work in linear time and are very scalable and adoptable. The conditional independence of features may result in wrong classification many times but the ease of use and adaptability of classifiers make these types of classifier as the widespread tool.
Contribution of functionally assessed GHRHR mutations to idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency in patients without GH1 mutations

Isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) is a rare condition mainly caused by mutations in GH1. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of GHRHR mutations to IGHD in an unusually large group of patients. All GHRHR coding exons and flanking intronic regions were sequenced in 312 unrelated patients with nonsyndromic IGHD. Functional consequences of all newly identified missense variants were assessed in vitro (i.e., study of the expression of recombinant GHRHRs and their ability to activate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway). Genotype‐phenotype correlation analyses were performed according to the nature of the identified mutation. We identified 20 different disease‐causing GHRHR mutations (truncating and missense loss‐of‐function mutations), among which 15 are novel, in 24 unrelated patients. Of note, about half (13/24) of those patients represent sporadic cases. The clinical phenotype of patients with at least one missense GHRHR mutation was found to be indistinguishable from that of patients with bi‐allelic truncating mutations. This study, which unveils disease‐causing GHRHR mutations in 8% (24/312) of IGHD cases, identifies GHRHR as the second IGHD gene most frequently involved after GH1. The finding that 8% of IGHD cases without GH1 mutations are explained by GHRHR molecular defects (including missense mutations), together with the high proportion of sporadic cases among those patients, has important implications for genetic counseling.
Motor learning during reaching movements : model acquisition and recalibration

This thesis marks a departure from the traditional task-based distinction between sensorimotor adaptation and skill learning by focusing on the mechanisms that underlie adaptation and skill learning. I argue that adaptation is a recalibration of an existing control policy, whereas skill learning is the acquisition and subsequent automatization of a new control policy. A behavioral criterion to distinguish the two mechanisms is offered. The first empirical chapter contrasts learning in visuomotor rotations of 40° with learning left-right reversals during reaching movements. During left-right reversals, speed-accuracy trade-offs increased and offline gains emerged, whereas during visual rotations, speed-accuracy trade-offs remained constant and instead of offline gains, there was offline forgetting. I argue that these dissociations reflect differences in the underlying learning mechanisms: acquisition and recalibration. The second empirical chapter tests whether the dissociation based on time-accuracy trade-offs reveals a general property of recalibration or whether instead the interpretation is limited to the specific contrast between left-right reversals and visuomotor rotations. When the size of the prediction error– the difference between intended and perceived movement – was gradually increased participants switched from recalibration to control policy acquisition. This switching point can be derived by considering the role of internal models in recalibration: If the internal model that learns from errors and the environment are too dissimilar – e.g. in left-right reversal and large rotations– recalibration would cause the system to learn from errors in the wrong way, such that prediction errors would increase further. To address this problem the final empirical chapter explores if the way the system learns from errors can be reversed. In conclusion, the results provide behavioral criteria to differentiate between adaptation and skill learning. By exploring the boundaries of recalibration this thesis contributes to a more principled understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and skill learning.
Fertility preservation in the pediatric cancer patient.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Long-term survival rates from childhood cancers approach 85% with many of these patients now reaching adulthood and facing the consequences of prior cancer treatment including infertility. This highlights the importance of discussing fertility risk and presenting fertility preservation options prior to initiation of cancer treatment. This article reviews the current literature on fertility preservation in adolescents, young adults, and prepubertal patients. RECENT FINDINGS Sperm banking remains the gold standard for fertility preservation in adolescents and young adults. Testicular sperm extraction and electroejaculation may also be utilized in patients that are unable to produce a semen sample. Fertility preservation options for prepubertal patients remain experimental but recent data illustrate the potential to restore spermatogenesis using spermatogonial stem cells. SUMMARY Fertility risk and fertility preservation options for pediatric patients should be routinely discussed at the time of cancer diagnosis. Sperm preservation should be routinely offered to adolescents and young adults at risk for infertility from cancer treatment. Preservation of prepubertal spermatogonial stem cells can be offered as an experimental option.
Trauma Bay Disposition of Infants and Young Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Positive Head Imaging.

OBJECTIVES To describe the disposition of infants and young children with isolated mild traumatic brain injury and neuroimaging findings evaluated at a level 1 pediatric trauma center, and identify factors associated with their need for ICU admission. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Single center. PATIENTS Children less than or equal to 4 years old with mild traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15) and neuroimaging findings evaluated between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015. Polytrauma victims and patients requiring intubation or vasoactive infusions preadmission were excluded. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Two-hundred ten children (median age/weight/Glasgow Coma Scale: 6 mo/7.5 kg/15) met inclusion criteria. Most neuroimaging showed skull fractures with extra-axial hemorrhage/no midline shift (30%), nondisplaced skull fractures (28%), and intracranial hemorrhage without fractures/midline shift (19%). Trauma bay disposition included ICU (48%), ward (38%), intermediate care unit and home (7% each). Overall, 1% required intubation, 4.3% seizure management, and 4.3% neurosurgical procedures; 15% were diagnosed with nonaccidental trauma. None of the ward/intermediate care unit patients were transferred to ICU. Median ICU/hospital length of stay was 2 days. Most patients (99%) were discharged home without neurologic deficits. The ICU subgroup included all patients with midline shift, 62% patients with intracranial hemorrhage, and 20% patients with skull fractures. Across these imaging subtypes, the only clinical predictor of ICU admission was trauma bay Glasgow Coma Scale less than 15 (p = 0.018 for intracranial hemorrhage; p < 0.001 for skull fractures). A minority of ICU patients (18/100) required neurocritical care and/or neurosurgical interventions; risk factors included neurologic deficit, loss of consciousness/seizures, and extra-axial hemorrhage (especially epidural hematoma). CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of our cohort was briefly monitored in the ICU (with disposition mostly explained by trauma bay imaging, rather than clinical findings); however, less than 10% required ICU-specific interventions. Although ICU could be used for close neuromonitoring to prevent further neurologic injury, additional research should explore if less conservative approaches may preserve patient safety while optimizing healthcare resource utilization.
Non-Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Built Environment: A Multicountry Analysis of the Effects of Sanitation, Water Access, and Urban Settings

This multicountry study used Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from 138,097 women to explore the relationship between non-partner violence (NPV) and sanitation, water, and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). One out of 15 women reports having experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a non-partner during the previous 12 months; within the region, prevalence ranges from 2.3-11.3%. Explanatory models of NPV improve in 11 of the 20 countries when the built environment variables are included. The results suggest that sanitation and water access are associated with risk of NPV in a number of countries in the region, particularly in urban settings.
Performance measures of magnetic resonance imaging plus mammography in the High Risk Ontario Breast Screening Program.

BACKGROUND The Ontario Breast Screening Program (OBSP) expanded in July 2011 to screen high risk women aged 30-69 with annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital mammography. This study examined the benefits of screening with mammography and MRI by age and risk criteria. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 8,782 women aged 30-69 years referred to the High Risk OBSP from July 2011 to June 2015, with final results to December 2016. Cancer detection rates (CDR), sensitivity, and specificity of MRI and mammography combined were compared to each modality individually within risk groups stratified by age using Generalized Estimating Equation models. Prognostic features of screen-detected breast cancers were compared by modality using Fisher's exact test. All P values are two-sided. RESULTS Among 20,053 screening episodes, there were 280 screen-detected breast cancers (CDR:14.0/1,000;95%CI:12.4-15.7). The sensitivity of mammography was statistically significantly lower than that of MRI plus mammography (40.8% [95%CI:29.3-53.5%] vs. 96.0% [95%CI:92.2-98.0%]; p < 0.001). In mutation carriers aged 30-39, sensitivity of the combination was comparable to MRI alone (100.0% vs. 96.8% [95%CI:79.2-100.0%]; p = 0.99), but with statistically significantly decreased specificity (78.0% [95%CI:74.7-80.9%] vs. 86.2% [95%CI:83.5-88.5%]; p < 0.001). In women aged 50-69, combining MRI and mammography statistically significantly increased sensitivity compared to MRI alone (96.3% [95%CI:90.6-98.6%] vs. 90.9% [95%CI:83.6-95.1%]; p = 0.02), with a small but statistically significant decrease in specificity (84.2% [95%CI:83.1-85.2%] vs. 90.0% [95%CI:89.2-90.9]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Screening high risk women 30-39 with annual MRI only may be sufficient for cancer detection and should be evaluated further, particularly for mutation carriers. Among women 50-69, detection is most effective when mammography is included with annual MRI.
Monozygotic multiple pregnancies after transfer of single in vitro produced equine embryos

Summary Background Monozygotic multiple pregnancy is rare in horses, but may be more common after transfer of an in vitro produced (IVP) embryo. Objectives To determine the occurrence, incidence, characteristics and outcome of monozygotic siblings arising from in vivo and IVP equine embryos. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods A total of 496 fresh in vivo and 410 frozen‐thawed IVP blastocysts, produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of in vitro matured oocytes from Warmblood mares, were transferred into recipient mares. The likelihoods of pregnancy and multiple pregnancy were calculated, and the clinical features and outcome of any multiple pregnancy were recorded. Results The likelihood of pregnancy after transfer of a single IVP or in vivo embryo was 62% (254/410) and 83% (413/496) respectively. The incidence of multiple pregnancy was 1.6% (4/254) and 0% (0/413) for IVP and in vivo blastocysts, respectively. More specifically, three IVP blastocysts yielded twin embryo propers/fetuses, and one IVP conceptus developed three distinct embryonic bodies. Interestingly, only one embryonic vesicle was detected at all ultrasonographic examinations prior to embryo proper development. Multiple embryonic bodies only became apparent at later scans to check for an embryo proper and heartbeat, or when the recipient mare aborted. Two twin pregnancies aborted spontaneously at 3 and 9 months, respectively, while the heartbeat was lost from all three embryos in the triplet pregnancy before day 35 of gestation. Twin reduction by per rectum compression of one fetal thorax was attempted at day 50 of gestation in the fourth case; however, both fetuses were lost. Main limitations Small number of cases. Conclusions In vitro embryo production resulted in a higher incidence of multiple monozygotic pregnancy, which could only be diagnosed after development of the embryo proper and is likely to result in pregnancy loss later in gestation if left untreated.
School responsiveness to adoption among lesbian mothers

Abstract A sample of adoptive parents, including an oversampling of lesbian mothers (n = 125), was surveyed regarding their family’s school experiences related to adoption, satisfaction with how the school handled adoption-related issues, and their child’s experiences with teasing at school. Linear and logistic regression analyses showed that lesbian mothers were more likely than heterosexual parents and gay fathers to disclose their child’s adoption status in the school record and to ensure that the school was aware of the child’s adoption. Lesbian mothers were also more likely than heterosexual parents and gay fathers to report talking to teachers about adoption issues. There were no differences as a function of parent sexual orientation regarding rates of children being teased about adoption status. However, rates of teasing regarding child race/ethnicity were higher for children of lesbian mothers and gay fathers than for children of heterosexual parents. The implications of the findings for future research and the provision of services for lesbian mothers are considered.
Association between marfan syndrome and oral health status: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The purpose was to identify and assess the existing scientific evidence from epidemiologic, non-experimental, observational studies of associations between Marfan’s syndrome and oral diseases. Material and Methods: Electronic literature searches in MEDLINE (OVID), The Cochrane Library, Scopus and the Web of Science were conducted to identify all relevant articles. Eligibility was based on inclusion criteria, and quality assessments were conducted. The outcome variables were probing depth, gingival margin, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival status, periodontal status, tooth mobility, furcation involvement and decayed, missing and filled teeth index. After extracting data, meta-analyses were carried out. Results: Out of 527 potentially eligible papers, 3 cross-sectional studies were included. No statistically significant differences were found in the number of sites with bleeding on probing (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.47 to 3.42; P = 0.65; I2: 0%), probing depth (MD: -0.14 mm; 95% CI: -0.24 to 0.53; P = 0.46; I2: 93%), periodontal status (WMD: 0.68 points; 95% CI: -0.48 to 1.83; P = 0.25; I2: 98%) nor number of decayed, missing and filled teeth index score (MD: 1.08 points.; 95% CI: -1.27 to 3.42; P = 0.37; I2: 0%). Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with Marfan’s syndrome do not seem to have worsened oral health status. Due to the high number of patients with Marfan’s syndrome that have prosthetic heart valves, an adequate dental monitoring as well as a strict maintenance therapy program should be implemented. Key words:Marfan syndrome, oral health, periodontal diseases, caries.
Static stretching time required to reduce iliacus muscle stiffness

ABSTRACT Static stretching (SS) is an effective intervention to reduce muscle stiffness and is also performed for the iliopsoas muscle. The iliopsoas muscle consists of the iliacus and psoas major muscles, among which the former has a greater physiological cross-sectional area and hip flexion moment arm. Static stretching time required to reduce muscle stiffness can differ among muscles, and the required time for the iliacus muscle remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time required to reduce iliacus muscle stiffness. Twenty-six healthy men participated in this study. A 1-min hip extension SS was performed five times. Shear elastic modulus, an index of muscle stiffness, of the iliacus muscle was measured using ultrasonic shear wave elastography before SS and immediately after each SS. One-way repeated analysis of variance showed a statistical effect of time on the shear elastic modulus. A paired t-test with Holm adjustment revealed that the shear elastic moduli after 1–5 SS were statistically lower than that before SS. In addition, the shear elastic modulus after 5 SS was statistically lower than that after 1 SS. The results suggested that the stiffness of the iliacus muscle decreased with 1-min SS and further decreased with 5-min SS.
Prostate cancer with bone metastasis in Beijing: an observational study of prevalence, hospital visits and treatment costs using data from an administrative claims database

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of prostate cancer with bone metastasis in Beijing, and to estimate hospital visits and direct treatment costs among male urban employees with the disease in Beijing. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting and participants Patients with prostate cancer and bone metastasis from the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance database covering the employed population of Beijing, China, from 2011 to 2014. Primary and secondary outcome measures Prevalence, treatment costs and healthcare visits of patients with prostate cancer and bone metastasis. Results A total of 1672 individuals were identified as having prostate cancer. Of these, 737 (44.1%) had bone metastasis, and among these, this was already present at the time of initial prostate cancer diagnosis in 27.0% (199/737). Mean age was 74.6 years (SD ±9.1). Prevalence of prostate cancer with bone metastasis increased from 5.3 per 100 000 males in 2011 to 8.3 per 100 000 males in 2014. The total annual health expenditure per patient (in 2014 American dollars) during the study period was $15 772.1 (SD=$16 942.6) ~$18 206.3 (SD=$18 700.2); 88% of these costs were reimbursed by insurance. Medication accounted for around 50% of total healthcare costs. Western drugs accounted for over 80% of medical costs with endocrine therapy being the most commonly prescribed treatment. There was an average 6.7% increase in expenditure related to diagnostical and therapeutical procedures over study years. Conclusions The increase in the prevalence of prostate cancer with bone metastasis and associated healthcare costs in China reveals the growing clinical and economical burden of this disease. The high prevalence of bone metastasis among patients with prostate cancer seen in our study suggests that efforts may be needed to improve symptoms awareness and promote early help-seeking behaviour among the Chinese population.
Relationships Between Midthigh Pull Force Development and 200-m Race Performance in Highly Trained Kayakers

Abstract Pickett, CW, Nosaka, K, Zois, J, and Blazevich, AJ. Relationships between midthigh pull force development and 200-m race performance in highly trained kayakers. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2853–2861, 2021—While increased lower-limb force production during kayaking has been shown to be related to increased boat velocity, poor relationships between maximal deadlift test performances and 200-m race time have been observed previously. This discrepancy may result from either a lack of movement pattern or temporal force production specificity between the test and kayak paddling. The isometric midthigh pull (MTP) test is commonly used in strength testing and quantifies temporal and peak force production, with the lower limbs positioned in a more kayak-specific manner than the deadlift test. Midthigh pull force data collected from 11 high-level kayak athletes were analyzed for both reliability and correlations with 200-m race time and deadlift isoinertial strength 3 repetition maximum (3RM). Strong consideration was given to the collection, processing, and analysis of the MTP data, which markedly affected the study results. Correlations between race time and MTP peak force and rates of force development were poor to moderate (r = −0.49 to 0.07). Strong to very strong relationships (r = 0.66–0.79) were found between forces developed early in the MTP (<0.15 seconds) and deadlift 3RM strength tests but were poor for later time-specific force development (r ≤ 0.12). However, poor reliability was found for force measured up to ≤0.25 seconds from the point of force onset (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.8). Owing to the relatively weak relationships with 200-m race time, and the large variability of the data, it may not be wise to include the MTP in the testing and training of 200-m kayak athletes.
Changes in lactate kinetics underpin soccer performance adaptations to cycling-based sprint interval training

Abstract In adolescent soccer, 23% of the distance covers happens at speeds above onset of blood lactate accumulation which suggests that lactate kinetics may be important for soccer performance. We sought to determine the effectiveness of sprint interval training (SIT) on changing performance and lactate kinetics in adolescent soccer players. Thirteen elite soccer academy players (age 15 ± 0.5y) underwent baseline testing (0–10 m and 10–20 m sprint performance, Wingate anaerobic Test (WaNT) with blood lactate measurements and incremental VO2 peak test) before being allocated to control or SIT group. The control group maintained training whilst the HIT group carried out twice-weekly all-out effort cycle sprints consisting of 6 × 10 s sprint with 80 s recovery. There were significant time x group interactions for 10–20 m sprint time (Control pre: 1.32 ± 0.07 s post: 1.35 ± 0.08 s; SIT pre: 1.29 ± 0.04 s post: 1.25 ± 0.04 s; p = 0.01), Peak Power (Control pre: 13.1 ± 1.3 W.kg−1 post: 13.2 ± 1.47 W.kg−1; SIT pre: 12.4 ± 1.3 W.kg−1 post: 15.3 ± 0.7 W.kg−1; p = 0.01) and time to exhaustion (Control pre: 596 ± 62 s post: 562 ± 85 s; SIT pre: 655 ± 54 s post: 688 ± 55 s; p = 0.001). The changes in performance were significantly correlated to changes in lactate kinetics (power: r = 0.55; 10–20 m speed: r = −0.54; time to exhaustion: r = 0.55). Therefore, cycle based SIT is an effective training paradigm for elite adolescent soccer players and the improvements in performance are associated with changes in lactate kinetics.