Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultivar and Seeding Date Effects on Kernel Smut of Rice

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars vary in susceptibility to kernel smut (Tilletia barclayana). The incidence and severity of kernel smut is believed to increase as rice seeding is delayed. The research objective was to evaluate the influence of seeding date on kernel smut incidence and severity of rice. Kernel smut incidence and severity and grain yield were evaluated on selected cultivars seeded on three or four dates at 7 site-years in Arkansas. Grain yield was generally greatest when rice was seeded in April and declined as seeding was delayed until June. Kernel smut incidence (r = 0.38) and severity (r = 0.38) were significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with seeding date. Depending on site-year, kernel smut incidence and severity were affected by cultivar, seeding date, or their interaction. Within each site-year, incidence and severity were generally lowest numerically for the first (earliest) seeded rice. With subsequent seedings, kernel smut incidence and severity increased at 1 site-year, remained constant at 2 site-years, or showed no trend (i.e., fluctuated) among seeding dates at 4 site-years, but 3 of the 4 site-years had greater incidence than the first seeding. Cultivars rated highly susceptible to kernel smut generally had greater incidence and severity values than susceptible or moderately susceptible cultivars. Kernel smut incidence and severity averages were not significantly correlated with air temperatures or precipitation for 20 d after anthesis or 7 d before and after anthesis. Data suggest that seeding the least-susceptible cultivars during the earliest recommended period may reduce damage from this disease in most years.
Impact of serum calcium levels on local and total body bone mineral density: A Mendelian randomization study and an age stratum analysis

Objectives Until recently, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have not demonstrated convincing conclusions regarding the association of calcium intake with bone mineral density (BMD). Until now, it remains unclear whether high serum calcium levels are causally associated with BMD. This study aimed to investigate the genetic association between serum calcium levels and BMD using a large-scale serum calcium GWAS dataset and four large-scale BMD GWAS datasets in individuals of European descent. Methods We performed a Mendelian randomization study to investigate the association of increased serum calcium levels with BMD using a large-scale serum calcium genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset (including up to 61,079 individuals) and four large-scale BMD GWAS datasets (including minimum 4,180 individuals and maximum 142,487 individuals) regarding the total body, forearm, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and heel BMD. Here, we selected three Mendelian randomization methods including inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger. Results In specific site analysis, we found that increased serum calcium levels could reduce BMD at forearm (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.95, P=0.029) and lumbar spine (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.86, P=0.002). We did not identify any suggestive association of genetically increased serum calcium levels with BMD of total body, femoral neck, and heel BMD. In specific age stratum analysis, we found that genetically increased serum calcium levels were statistically significantly associated with reduced total body BMD in age stratum 60 or more years (OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.82, P=0.002). Conclusions We provide genetic evidence that increased serum calcium levels could not improve BMD in the general population. The elevated serum calcium levels in generally healthy populations, especially adults older than 60 years, may even reduce the BMD, and further cause osteoporosis.
Single Application of Controlled Availability Fertilizer to Nursery Boxes in Non-Tillage Rice Culture

Single application of a controlled availability fertilizer (CAF; sigmoid type) to nursery boxes was investigated for non-tillage rice culture. The soil used for the study was a Gley soil with poor drainage. The cumulative release rate of total N from the CAF was 2.8% in 34 days at the nursery stage without artificial heating. The CAF application increased the number of tillers, when compared to the conventional compound fertilizer (CF), even through the total amount of nitrogen applied with the CAF was only 50-60% of that with the CF. The uptake of nitrogen by rice plants treated with the CAF was higher than that with the CF. The recovery of the CAF N was as high as 79% at the maturing stage. The roots of rice plants with the CAF extended deeper into the subsoil. The CAF applications increased the yield of rice by 10% compared with the CF applications. Discipline: Soils, fertilizers and plant nutrition Additional key words: recovery rate, dire ct con tact dressing, 15N tracer
The mechanism of striation formation in plasma display panels

Despite the high pressure employed in plasma display panels, the energy balance of low-energy electrons is found to be dominated by inelastic collisions, and the resulting nonlocal electron kinetics plays a key role in the striation formation. Surface charge accumulation on the anode dielectric, however, is also needed for striations to form. It is the combined effect of surface charges and nonlocal electron kinetics that results in the striation formation in plasma display panel cells. Two-dimensional fluid simulations, which assume local electron kinetics, and two-dimensional particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision simulations with a bare conducting anode show that striations do not form if either the nonlocal electron kinetics or the surface charge accumulation is not considered.
Phenotypic Characterization of Canadian Barley Advanced Breeding Lines for Multiple Disease Resistance

Fungal diseases pose a great challenge to Canadian barley production, among which are Fusarium head blight (FHB), yellow rust and scald. An integrated management approach is needed to mitigate these diseases, in which breeding for host resistance is the most effective component. Constant evaluation of advanced breeding lines for their resistance to the diseases is important for making steady progression. The main objective of this study was to screen 1,174 barley accessions, from a collaborative project between the Field Crop Development Center (FCDC), Alberta, Canada, and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico for their reactions to the three diseases. For FHB a 1–5 scale was employed to discard the very susceptible material in 2012 and 2013. In 2014, 514 most resistant lines having the score 1 in 2013 were re-evaluated in a replicated experiment. The most promising 166 genotypes were selected and advanced for their last evaluation in 2015 where FHB index was measured. Simultaneously, these 166 genotypes were subjected to two more experiments to test their reactions against stripe rust and scald. Eighteen two-rowed barley genotypes exhibiting broad-spectrum resistance to all of the three evaluated diseases were identified in addition to 40 lines combining FHB resistance with resistance to Mexican isolates and natural fungal population of either of the two foliar diseases and could be utilized in breeding programs aimed at improving resistance to multiple barley leaf and head blight diseases.
WARM STRATIFICATION INCREASES GERMINATION OF DENDROMECON RIGIDA AND EHRENDORFERIA CHRYSANTHA

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Seed Dormancy . 2 Reproduction and Persistence in Southern California Chaparral . 10 Importance of Fire in Chaparral . 11 The Ecology of the Study Species . 14 Thesis Overview . 17 CHAPTER TWO: PILOT STUDIES: FIELD CONDITIONS AND RESPONSES . 18 Introduction . 18 Methods . 19 Seed Collection . 19 Seed Imbibition . 20 Field Study Seed Treatments . 21 Burial of Seed Packets . 21 Seed Packet Retrieval and Germination Test . 22 Temperature Monitoring . 23 Results . 23 Seed Coat Permeability . 23 Embryo Growth Measurements. 25
Chapter 4 . 1 Polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 gene influence the stratum corneum interleukin-1 concentration in uninvolved skin of patients with chronic irritant contact dermatitis

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Little evidence of adaptation potential to ocean acidification in sea urchins living in “Future Ocean” conditions at a CO2 vent

Abstract Ocean acidification (OA) can be detrimental to calcifying marine organisms, with stunting of invertebrate larval development one of the most consistent responses. Effects are usually measured by short‐term, within‐generation exposure, an approach that does not consider the potential for adaptation. We examined the genetic response to OA of larvae of the tropical sea urchin Echinometra sp. C. raised on coral reefs that were either influenced by CO2 vents (pH ~ 7.9, future OA condition) or nonvent control reefs (pH 8.2). We assembled a high quality de novo transcriptome of Echinometra embryos (8 hr) and pluteus larvae (48 hr) and identified 68,056 SNPs. We tested for outlier SNPs and functional enrichment in embryos and larvae raised from adults from the control or vent sites. Generally, highest F ST values in embryos were observed between sites (intrinsic adaptation, most representative of the gene pool in the spawned populations). This comparison also had the highest number of outlier loci (40). In the other comparisons, classical adaptation (comparing larvae with adults from the control transplanted to either the control or vent conditions) and reverse adaptation (larvae from the vent site returned to the vent or explanted at the control), we only observed modest numbers of outlier SNPs (6–19) and only enrichment in two functional pathways. Most of the outliers detected were silent substitutions without adaptive potential. We conclude that there is little evidence of realized adaptation potential during early development, while some potential (albeit relatively low) exists in the intrinsic gene pool after more than one generation of exposure.
The role of supply chain antecedents on supply chain agility in SMEs: The conceptual framework

Firms must be agile for the reason that being responsive is a crucial competency for them in present global economy. Organizations that are agile happen to be more successful. The agility of an organization is dependent on the agility of its supply chain. The main aim of this paper is to give a new dimension in explaining how Trust, Information Technology (IT) and agility can create sustained competitive advantage for firms and develop an integrated framework to facilitate this. For the literature review of the related academic articles for the previous studies has been taken by international journals in Logistics, Supply Chain Management and Operations Management. Achievement of supply chain agility (SCA) is linked to the other organization’s resources, namely trust, IT and firm performance that play mediator role between them. IT is considered as a competitive tool by researchers and practitioners. Therefore, it is crucial for managers to apply their firms' IT and trust as lower-order organizational capabilities to improve agility as a higher-order organizational capability. Hence, the current article gives a conceptual framework to ascertain factors which affect SCA and finally firm performance. The findings of this study will present interesting information and insight about how to improve agility in small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). Moreover, the information presented in this study will be the foundation of future supply chain capability studies. To aid the study, this present study for develop the framework has been used the RBV theory. The paper also proposes the framework for future research in empirical investigation in companies. The study related the gap by developing a framework for measuring SCA, which enables any organization to identify critical success factors for sense and respond to market.
Monitoring of Rice Transcriptional Responses to Contrasted Colonizing Patterns of Phytobeneficial Burkholderia s.l. Reveals a Temporal Shift in JA Systemic Response

In the context of plant–pathogen and plant–mutualist interactions, the underlying molecular bases associated with host colonization have been extensively studied. However, it is not the case for non-mutualistic beneficial interactions or associative symbiosis with plants. Particularly, little is known about the transcriptional regulations associated with the immune tolerance of plants towards beneficial microbes. In this context, the study of the Burkholderia rice model is very promising to describe the molecular mechanisms involved in associative symbiosis. Indeed, several species of the Burkholderia sensu lato (s.l.) genus can colonize rice tissues and have beneficial effects; particularly, two species have been thoroughly studied: Burkholderia vietnamiensis and Paraburkholderia kururiensis. This study aims to compare the interaction of these species with rice and especially to identify common or specific plant responses. Therefore, we analyzed root colonization of the rice cultivar Nipponbare using DsRed-tagged bacterial strains and produced the transcriptomes of both roots and leaves 7 days after root inoculation. This led us to the identification of a co-expression jasmonic acid (JA)-related network exhibiting opposite regulation in response to the two strains in the leaves of inoculated plants. We then monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) the expression of JA-related genes during time course colonization by each strain. Our results reveal a temporal shift in this JA systemic response, which can be related to different colonization strategies of both strains.
How Target Shareholders Benefit from Value‐Reducing Defensive Strategies in Takeovers

This paper shows that target shareholders can be made better-off through the use of certain types of defensive strategies that reduce the value of the target by different amounts for different bidders. In many cases, simply the threat of such strategies can make target shareholders better-off. Therefore, empirical tests based on stock price reactions at the adoption of defensive strategies may be underestimating the effect of such strategies. The paper also identifies the necessary characteristics that make these strategies effective and shows that many observed defenses possess similar properties. Copyright 1990 by American Finance Association.
Effect of Long-term use of Sida rhombifolia L. Extract on Haemato-biochemical Parameters of Experimental Animals

Sida rhombifolia L. is used as a remedy for inflammatory disorde and some other diseases in African folk medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the haematological and biochemical parameters and toxic effects of aqueous acetone extracts of Sida rhombifolia L. in mice Swiss and albinos Wistar rats. Sida rhombifolia L. is used as a remedy for inflammatory disorde and some other diseases in African folk medicine. In an acute toxicity study, Sida rhombifolia extract was administered orally at doses ranging between 1-6 g/kg to experimental mice and observed for any toxic symptoms up to 14 days. In sub-acute toxicity, Sida rhombifolia extract was tested at dose levels of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg on physical (body weight and organ weight), biochemical and haemtological parameters in adult albino rats. The Sida rhombifolia extract was well tolerated at the acute administration. No mortality was observed even at the highest dose of 6 g/kg (the value of LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg). In the sub- acute administration, Sida rhombifolia extract significantly (p<0.05) prevented an increase in body weight in a dose dependent manner and this reflected a significant (p<0.05) increase in the relative organs (liver and heart) weights. The biochemical parameters showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in ALT, AST and ALP. However for the other biochemical parameters (glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglycerides, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin), there is a significant decrease between the control group (10% DMSO) and the other treated groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01). The insipient toxicological effect is more significant in the biochemical rather than in the haematopoietic system of rats. There is a significant decrease for monocytes, basophils, haemoglobin, haematocrit and MCV between the control group (10% DMSO) and the treated groups (p<0.05). At last, one could say that the reported pharmacological and therapeutic effectiveness of Sida rhombifolia extract is not without toxicity implication.
Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Modules against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

An investigation was carried out during rabi 2017-18 to evaluate the bioefficacy of seven integrated pest management modules against shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) in brinjal. M1Moderately resistant brinjal genotype selected from screening experiments (IC 136061), M2Control, M3-M6 comprised of various components from cultural, physical, mechanical, biological and chemical control methods in various combinations, M7-farmers practice. Module-1 consisting moderately resistant genotype received least overall mean per cent shoot infestation (12.98), fruit infestation on number and weight basis (15.05 and14.33), higher B:C ratio (4.05:1) compared to all other modules (M2-M7). However farmers practice M7 recorded with higher marketable fruit yield (32427.73 kg ha), gross returns followed by M6 (26073.60 kg ha), M5 (23654.40 kg ha) M4 (18562.13 kg ha), M3 (17472.00 kg ha) and M2 (14649.60 kg ha) registered with gross returns of Rs.411712. 00 ha (B:C ratio 3.38:1), Rs.312883. 20 ha (B: C ratio of 2.68:1), Rs. 283852.80 ha (B: C ratio of 2.44:1), Rs.222745. 00 ha (B: C ratio of 2.18:1), Rs.209664. 00 ha (B: C ratio of 2.17:1) and Rs. 175795.00 ha (B: C ratio of 2.20:1) respectively.
Effect of child's cerebral palsy on the mother: a case control study in Ahvaz, Iran

SUMMARY Quality of life (QOL) in families can be affected when a child has cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this research was to determine the effect of a child’s disability on the mother’s quality of life by comparing mothers of children with CP and mothers of normal children. Two sample groups were chosen from a total of 42 mothers to answer a short-form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire. The first group included 21 mothers of children with cerebral palsy who were referred to the speech therapy clinic of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz. The second group consisted of 21 mothers of normal children living in Ahvaz. T-tests by SPSS were used for statistical analysis. There were significant differences in all domains of QOL between mothers of healthy children and mothers of children with cerebral palsy (p=0.001). This research found that the quality of life of mothers of children with CP was significantly different compared to mothers of healthy children. Therefore, appropriate planning is necessary to improve their quality of life in different domains. Sažetak Kvalitet života porodica koje imaju dete obolelo od cerebralne paralize (CP) može biti značajno izmenjen. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj invaliditeta deteta na kvalitet života majke tako što su upoređivane majke dece sa cerebralnom paralizom i majke zdrave dece. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo dve grupe od ukupno 42 majke koje su odgovorile na kratak upitnik (SF- 36). Prva grupa je uključila 21 majku dece sa cerebralnom paralizom koja su bila upućena na Kliniku za terapiju govora u okviru Jundišapur Univerziteta Medicinskog fakulteta u Ahvazu. Drugu grupu je sačinjavala 21 majka zdrave dece koja su takođe živela u Ahvazu. Rezultati su obrađeni kompjuterskim programom za statističku analizu podataka (SPSS) i korišćen je T-test. Utvrđene su značajne razlike u svim domenima kvaliteta života između majki zdrave dece i majki dece sa cerebralnom paralizom (p=0.001). Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da je kvalitet života majki dece sa cerebralnom paralizom značajno izmenjen u poređenju sa kvalitetom života majki zdrave dece. Stoga je potrebno uraditi detaljno planiranje kako bi se poboljšao njihov kvalitet života u različitim domenima.
Feeding of mature cod (Gadus morhua) on the spawning grounds in Lofoten

Many authors state that cod (Gadus morhua) do not feed during the spawning period. However, this more or less established fact has rarely been investigated in the field. Here, the content of stomachs from Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) and Norwegian coastal cod (NCC) sampled from the spawning ground in Lofoten were examined over a 10-year period (1996–2006). The occurrence of food in the stomachs of spawning cod, stomach fullness, diet composition, and variation in these variables between NEAC and NCC, year, and sex were analysed and compared. The analysis shows that cod do feed, even when they are in a spawning state. NCC had a lower proportion of empty stomachs and the stomachs were fuller than those from NEAC. Females had a lower proportion of empty stomachs than males and their stomachs were in general fuller. Herring (Clupea harengus) dominated the diet of cod. However, cod consumption of herring on the spawning grounds seems to be a minor source of mortality on herring. Although spawning cod do feed, the proportion of empty stomachs was higher and stomach fullness was lower than in stomachs of NEAC from the Barents Sea.
A Prospective, Randomized, Multi-Center, Phase III Study Evaluating ofOptimal Radiation Dose for Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiation forInoperable Esophageal Carcinoma

This prospective clinical trial summary provides the background and rationale for evaluating optimal radiation dose for definitive concurrent chemo-radiation for inoperable esophageal carcinoma. We designed the multi-center clinical trial comparing the efficacy of high dose group (60 Gy/30F) with low dose group (50 Gy/25F) concurrent with weekly chemotherapy using 3D-CRT or IMRT technology for esophageal carcinoma. The primary outcome is local/ regional progression-free survival, and secondary outcomes include Overall survival; local control rate; patterns of treatment failure; toxicity; radiation-related advent events.
Two new encrusting species from the genus Phymatolithon (Hapalidiales, Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) from Korea

ABSTRACT The genus Phymatolithon currently includes 21 taxonomically accepted species. Of these, only P. repandum has been reported from Korea. Here, we document two new species, namely P. dosungii sp. nov. and P. koreanum sp. nov., from Korea using both molecular and morpho-anatomical analyses. Both species have unique DNA sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL sequence data and the concatenated psbA and COI-5P dataset revealed that the two species belong in Phymatolithon. The sequence divergences between P. dosungii and P. koreanum were 9.9%–10.2% for rbcL, 7.9%–8.0% for psbA and 10.2%–10.6% for COI-5P. Phymatolithon dosungii is morpho-anatomically characterised by having encrusting and orbicular thalli; raised, mound-like tetra/bisporangial conceptacles with roofs that are four to five cells thick, bearing mostly palisade-like cells; tetra/bisporangial conceptacles with 13 to 28 pores surrounded by five to six rosette cells; and lacking buried conceptacles. Phymatolithon koreanum is morpho-anatomically characterised by having encrusting and amorphous thalli; raised, mound-like tetra/bisporangial conceptacles with roofs that are three to four cells thick bearing rounded to squarish cells; tetra/bisporangial conceptacles with 17 to 20 pores surrounded by five to seven rosette cells; and lacking buried conceptacles.