Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trunk Dynamics Are Impaired in Ballet Dancers with Back Pain but Improve with Imagery.

PURPOSE Trunk control is essential in ballet and may be compromised in dancers with a history of low back pain (LBP) by associated changes in motor control. This study aimed to compare trunk mechanical properties between professional ballet dancers with and without a history of LBP. As a secondary aim, we assessed whether asking dancers to use motor imagery to respond in a "fluid" manner could change the mechanical properties of the trunk and whether this was possible for both groups. METHODS Trunk mechanical properties of stiffness and damping were estimated with a linear second-order system, from trunk movement in response to perturbations, in professional ballet dancers with (n = 22) and without (n = 8) a history of LBP. The second-order model adequately described trunk movement in response to the perturbations. Trials were performed with and without motor imagery to respond in a fluid manner to the perturbation. RESULTS Dancers with a history of LBP had lower damping than dancers without LBP during the standard condition (P = 0.002) but had greater damping during the "fluid" condition (P < 0.001), with values similar to dancers without LBP (P = 0.226). Damping in the dancers without LBP was similar between the conditions (P > 0.99). Stiffness was not different between the dancers with and those without a history of LBP (P = 0.252) but was less during the fluid condition than the standard condition (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although dancers with a history of LBP have less trunk damping than those without LBP, they have the capacity to modulate the trunk's mechanical properties to match that of pain-free dancers by increasing damping with motor imagery. These observations have potential relevance for LBP recurrence and rehabilitation.
Education and Advice About Illegal Drugs: what do young people want?

Research and debate concerning education about illegal drugs rarely explores what young people themselves want. The paper reports research which looked at this issue in a sample of 2100 young people aged 11–16. Issues explored included the drugs education and advice the sample had received, what they thought of this, and where and in what form they would like to receive information about illegal drugs. Results include a preference for drug education from someone with personal experience of illegal drugs, and for private sources (such as leaflets and books) as well as more public ways (such as videos and talks) of accessing information about drugs. A number of implications of the results for drug education and advice are presented.
Resistance Exercise Training Alters Mitochondrial Function in Human Skeletal Muscle.

INTRODUCTION Loss of mitochondrial competency is associated with several chronic illnesses. Therefore, strategies that maintain or increase mitochondrial function will likely be of benefit in numerous clinical settings. Endurance exercise has long been known to increase mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle. Comparatively little is known regarding the effect of resistance exercise training (RET) on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function. PURPOSE The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of chronic resistance training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity and function. METHODS Here, we studied the effect of a 12-wk RET program on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in 11 young healthy men. Muscle biopsies were collected before and after the 12-wk training program, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity was determined in permeabilized myofibers by high-resolution respirometry. RESULTS RET increased lean body mass and quadriceps muscle strength by 4% and 15%, respectively (P < 0.001). Coupled mitochondrial respiration supported by complex I, and complex I and II substrates increased by 2- and 1.4-fold, respectively (P < 0.01). The ratio of coupled complex I-supported respiration to maximal respiration increased with RET (P < 0.05), as did complex I protein abundance (P < 0.05), whereas the substrate control ratio for succinate was reduced after RET (P < 0.001). Transcripts responsible for proteins critical to electron transfer and NAD production increased with training (P < 0.05), whereas transcripts involved in mitochondrial biogenesis were unaltered. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, 12 wk of RET resulted in qualitative and quantitative changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. This adaptation was accompanied by modest changes in mitochondrial proteins and transcript expression. RET seems to be a means to augment the respiratory capacity and intrinsic function of skeletal muscle mitochondria.
Caustic stenosis of the oesophagus at Centre Hôpital D’Université(CHU) of Lome :Epidemiological and therapeutic aspects

Objective : The purpose of this study, was studying of the epidemiological factors and the results of management of these caustic stenosis of the oesophagus. Material And Method : A retrospective study. 38 cases of caustic stenosis of the oesophagus were, admitted and treated at the surgical departments of CHU of Lome, Togo, during the period January 1st 1983 to 31st December 2004. Result : The caustic stenosis of the oesophagus represented the second most common oesophageal disease treated at the surgical department [ 38/15153(24.84%)]. 21 were male and 17 female. Caustic soda was the commonest substance ingested (14 cases / 38). Suicide was the most frequent reason for ingestion of caustic substances. The majority of our patients 28(71.05%) had early surgical intervention. The others were managed by endoscopy. The overall outcome was satisfactory in 37 cases. One patient died in this study. After a follow-up of a median of 7 years, four patients re- presented a moderate residual dysphagia. Conclusion : This caustic stenosis of the oesophagus represents a disease with an increasing frequency inside our societies. Adequate measures must be carried out to prevent the caustic burns of the oesophagus among our peoples.
Effects of Contract-Relax, Static Stretching, and Isometric Contractions on Muscle-Tendon Mechanics.

INTRODUCTION Loading characteristics of stretching techniques likely influence the specific mechanisms responsible for acute increases in range of motion (ROM). Therefore, the effects of a version of contract-relax (CR) proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, static stretching (SS), and maximal isometric contraction (Iso) interventions were studied in 17 healthy human volunteers. METHODS Passive ankle moment was recorded on an isokinetic dynamometer, with EMG recording from the triceps surae, simultaneous real-time motion analysis, and ultrasound-imaging-recorded gastrocnemius medialis muscle and Achilles tendon elongation. Subjects then performed each intervention randomly on separate days before reassessment. RESULTS Significant increases in dorsiflexion ROM (2.5°-5.3°; P < 0.01) and reductions in whole muscle-tendon stiffness (10.1%-21.0%; P < 0.01) occurred under all conditions, with significantly greater changes detected following CR stretching (P < 0.05). Significant reductions in tendon stiffness were observed after CR stretching and Iso (17.7%-22.1%; P < 0.01) but not after SS (P > 0.05), whereas significant reductions in muscle stiffness occurred after CR stretching and SS (16.0%-20.5%; P < 0.01) but not after Iso (P > 0.05). Increases in peak passive moment (stretch tolerance) occurred after Iso (6.8%; P < 0.05), CR stretching (10.6%; P = 0.08), and SS (5.2%; P = 0.08); no difference in changes between conditions was found (P > 0.05). Significant correlations (rs = 0.69-0.82; P < 0.01) were observed between changes in peak passive moment and maximal ROM under all conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although similar ROM increases occur after Iso and SS, changes in muscle and tendon stiffness are distinct. Concomitant reductions in muscle and tendon stiffness after CR stretching suggest a broader adaptive response that likely explains its superior efficacy in acutely increasing ROM. Although mechanical changes appear tissue-specific between interventions, similar increases in stretch tolerance after all interventions are strongly correlated with changes in ROM.
Termination of pregnancy

In a previous article (vol 9(2): 108), the statutory provisions of the Abortion Act 1967 as amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 were considered. In this article we consider some challenges which have recently been made to the provisions of the Act and its interpretation.
Kernicterus in Two Generations: A Need for More Aggressive Preventive Measures

Bilirubin induced brain damage is still a common cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigerian infants. No much success has been recorded in decades despite the fact that brain damage from bilirubin toxicity in the newborn is easily preventable with affordable and effective means. We report a case of a newborn with acute bilirubin encephalopathy. This case was considered of interest because the mother of the baby herself had kernicterus as a newborn now manifesting with features of choreoathetoid cerebral palsy. The baby was brought to our facility late just as how the mother was presented late to a health facility 30 years ago. The unfortunate occurence of brain damage from bilirubin toxicity in two successive generations calls for urgent attention. We advocate more aggressive and all-embracing preventive measures including routine home visit of newborns, awareness creation and health education and involvement of all stakeholders to nip this problem in the bud.
Cardiac Troponin I Level in STEMI and Clinical Correlation with Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Indian Population

Objective: To determine the relationship of serum troponin I after first acute myocardial infarction with left ventricular ejection fraction as assessed by echocardiography. Methods: A total of 40 patients of acute myocardial infarction were included in the study. Troponin I concentration was measured by ELISA method and echocardiographic ejection fraction was calculated by modified Simpson’s rule. Echocardiographic ejection fraction was compared with serum troponin I concentration. Patients with previous myocardial infarction were excluded. Result: There was strong negative correlation between troponin I concentration and left ventricular ejection fraction, i.e., with an increasing troponin level, there was a fall in ejection fraction. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was –0.69, which was statistically significant (p 50%, though small in number were having cTnI levels at 24 hrs ≤ 8 ng/ml. Patients with ejection fraction 50% may be due to peak value of biomarker achieved at 24-36 hrs after myocardial injury as most of troponin I are attached to myofibrils. Conclusion: Serum troponin I concentration has a strong negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction after first acute myocardial infarction, and hence can be used to assess the LVEF in patients with first myocardial infarction. An observation was made that a cut off level of cTnI ≤ 8 ng/ml was associated with normal left ventricular systolic function.
Effect of Plyometrics on the Energy Cost of Running and MHC and Titin Isoforms.

UNLABELLED Several training strategies such as plyometrics have been shown to improve running economy; however, its physiological basis remains elusive. PURPOSE To examine the effect of plyometric training on the energy cost of running (ECR, J · kg(-1) · min(-1)), titin, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. METHODS Subjects were randomly assigned to a 6-wk plyometric treatment (P; n = 11) or control group (C; n = 11). Preintervention and postintervention outcomes included body composition, vertical jump, sit-and-reach, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), speed at onset of blood lactate, 3-km time trial performance, ECR, and a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy for protein analysis. RESULTS Plyometric intervention resulted in improved time trial (P, 2.6% faster, P = 0.04; C, 1.6%, P = 0.17). VO2max improved in the P group (5.2%, P = 0.03), whereas the C group increased by 3.1% (P = 0.20). The ECR decreased in the P group as the result of 6 wk of plyometric training (P = 0.02 for stage 3), whereas it increased in the C group (P = 0.02 for stage 3). The ECR correlated strongly with performance at stages 2, 3, and 4 (r > 0.8, P < 0.001) independent of group. There was no significant main effect of group, time, or interaction on any of the protein isoforms analyzed. A negative correlation was found between the ECR at stage 7 and MHC IIa (r = -0.96, P < 0.001), and the ECR at stage 6 with titin isoform 1 (T1)/T2 ratio (r = -0.69, P = 0.007) independent of group. CONCLUSION Six weeks of plyometric training improved running performance and the ECR despite no measurable changes in MHC and titin isoforms. However, higher MHC IIa and lower T1/T2 isoform ratios correlated to lower ECR.
Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Epidemiology.

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Anterior cruciate ligament injuries often incur major consequences for athletes. Elevated estrogen levels are likely increase the risk for injury. This risk may be partially or fully mitigated by the use of oral contraceptives. The purpose of this study was to determine if women undergoing anterior cruciate ligament surgical reconstruction were less likely to use oral contraceptives than matched noninjured population. METHODS This is a case-control study utilizing national insurance claims data from 2002 TO 2012. Participants included women age 15-39 yr. Cases were defined as those receiving surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament between 2002 and 2012. Controls were matched 3/1 to cases. Exposure to oral contraceptives was defined as the presence of any prescription fill for oral contraceptives during the previous 12 months to index date. Conditional multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for the use of oral contraceptives. RESULTS Women age 15-19 yr undergoing surgical repair of the anterior cruciate ligament were 18% less likely to use oral contraceptives than matched controls (adjusted odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75-0.91; P < 0.0001). Cases among two older age groups, 25-29 and 30-34 yr, were more likely to use oral contraceptives than controls with adjusted odds ratios of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.02-1.30; P < 0.05) and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.04-1.31; P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of oral contraceptives potentially modifies anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in young women. Despite reports that athletes, who are more prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury, use oral contraceptives at about twice the rate of nonathletes, these data suggest that women ages 15-19 yr undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction used oral contraceptives at a lower rate than the general population.
Fructose Coingestion Does Not Accelerate Postexercise Muscle Glycogen Repletion.

BACKGROUND Postexercise muscle glycogen repletion is largely determined by the systemic availability of exogenous carbohydrate provided. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the effect of the combined ingestion of fructose and glucose on postexercise muscle glycogen repletion when optimal amounts of carbohydrate are ingested. METHODS Fourteen male cyclists (age: 28 ± 6 yr; Wmax: 4.8 ± 0.4 W·kg⁻¹) were studied on three different occasions. Each test day started with a glycogen-depleting exercise session. This was followed by a 5-h recovery period, during which subjects ingested 1.5 g·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹ glucose (GLU), 1.2 g·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹ glucose + 0.3 g·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹ fructose (GLU + FRU), or 0.9 g·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹ glucose + 0.6 g·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹ sucrose (GLU + SUC). Blood samples and gastrointestinal distress questionnaires were collected frequently, and muscle biopsy samples were taken at 0, 120, and 300 min after cessation of exercise to measure muscle glycogen content. RESULTS Plasma glucose responses did not differ between treatments (ANOVA, P = 0.096), but plasma insulin and lactate concentrations were elevated during GLU + FRU and GLU + SUC when compared with GLU (P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen content immediately after exercise averaged 207 ± 112, 219 ± 107, and 236 ± 118 mmol·kg⁻¹ dry weight in the GLU, GLU + FRU, and GLU + SUC treatments, respectively (P = 0.362). Carbohydrate ingestion increased muscle glycogen concentrations during 5 h of postexercise recovery to 261 ± 98, 289 ± 130, and 315 ± 103 mmol·kg⁻¹ dry weight in the GLU, GLU + FRU, and GLU + SUC treatments, respectively (P < 0.001), with no differences between treatments (time × treatment, P = 0.757). CONCLUSIONS Combined ingestion of glucose plus fructose does not further accelerate postexercise muscle glycogen repletion in trained cyclists when ample carbohydrate is ingested. Combined ingestion of glucose (polymers) plus fructose or sucrose reduces gastrointestinal complaints when ingesting large amounts of carbohydrate.
Is duplicate code more frequently modified than non-duplicate code in software evolution?: an empirical study on open source software

Various kinds of research efforts have been performed on the basis that the presence of duplicate code has a negative impact on software evolution. A typical example is that, if we modify a code fragment that has been duplicated to other code fragments, it is necessary to consider whether the other code fragments have to be modified simultaneously or not. In this research, in order to investigate how much the presence of duplicate code is related to software evolution, we defined a new indicator, modification frequency. The indicator is a quantitative measure, and it allows us to objectively compare the maintainability of duplicate code and non-duplicate code. We conducted an experiment on 15 open source software systems, and the result showed that the presence of duplicate code does not have a negative impact on software evolution.
Consumers' personal values andsources of nutrition information

A random population survey was conducted among adult South Australians to examine their use of, and trust in, sources of nutrition information, as well as the influence of demographic variables and personal values. 603 people completed the survey, a response rate of 71%. Respondents reported that the most frequently used sources included food labels, books, articles in cooking magazines, family members and newspaper articles, advertising, articles in women's magazines, television programs and friends. Factor analyses categorized the 23 sources into six groups including Food and health media, Specialised sources, Mass media, Professional sources, Social sources, and Food labels. Similar but slightly different categories were found when consumers' trust ratings were analysed. Members of different gender, age and social economic status groups used and trusted these sources differentially. Personal values were more strongly associated with use and trust than demographic variables. Overall, usage and trust were positively related, though the strength of these associations varied substantially. The influence of source and intrinsic consumer characteristics on consumers' use of nutrition information requires further examination.
Bacteriophage: A new therapeutic player to combat neutrophilic inflammation in chronic airway diseases

Persistent respiratory bacterial infections are a clinical burden in several chronic inflammatory airway diseases and are often associated with neutrophil infiltration into the lungs. Following recruitment, dysregulated neutrophil effector functions such as increased granule release and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) result in damage to airway tissue, contributing to the progression of lung disease. Bacterial pathogens are a major driver of airway neutrophilic inflammation, but traditional management of infections with antibiotic therapy is becoming less effective as rates of antimicrobial resistance rise. Bacteriophages (phages) are now frequently identified as antimicrobial alternatives for antimicrobial resistant (AMR) airway infections. Despite growing recognition of their bactericidal function, less is known about how phages influence activity of neutrophils recruited to sites of bacterial infection in the lungs. In this review, we summarize current in vitro and in vivo findings on the effects of phage therapy on neutrophils and their inflammatory mediators, as well as mechanisms of phage-neutrophil interactions. Understanding these effects provides further validation of their safe use in humans, but also identifies phages as a targeted neutrophil-modulating therapeutic for inflammatory airway conditions.
Imaging of pneumoconiosis

Nodules in both silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) are small, centrilobular and have a predominantly upper lobe distribution.Progressive massive fibrosis may occur in both silicosis and CWP.Heavy exposure to silica can lead to silicoproteinosis.Asbestos-related conditions may be pleural:Pleural plaquesDiffuse pleural thickeningBenign pleural effusionMesotheliomaOr may be parenchymal:Asbestosis (interstitial fibrosis)Round atelectasisBronchogenic carcinoma
The Prevalence of High Risk Human Papilloma Viral Infection and Abnormal Cervical Cytology in Faculties of Medicine and Nursing, Chiang Mai University Population

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of high risk HPV infection and abnormal liquid based cytology (LBC) in healthcare population of Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Chiang Mai University. Material & methods: Healthcare population who aged ≥ 30 years and no history of preinvasive or invasive cervical cancer from both faculties were invited. LBC was done by collecting a specimen into Thin Prep Pap test solution and Cobas® 4800 was used for high risk HPV testing. The persons with abnormal cytology and /or HPV type 16/18 positive were referred for colposcopy. Results: Between September, 2012 and April, 2013, 261 persons joined this project. Sixteen persons (6.1%) revealed abnormal cytology that consisted of ASCUS ten persons, LSIL four persons and HSIL two persons. Positive HPV test were also found in 16 persons (6.1%). Twelve persons (4.6%) showed positive only in the cytology or HPV tests while four persons tested positive in both methods. HPV type 16 was detected in one person and HPV type 18 was detected in two persons. With 17 persons who were referred for colposcopy, the colposcopic-directed biopsy and conization were done in seven and three persons, respectively. Of these persons, the histology showed chronic cervicitis in three persons, LSIL in four persons and HSIL in three persons. One HSIL person revealed only HPV type 16 positive without abnormal cytology. Conclusion: The prevalence of high risk HPV infection and abnormal cytology seems to be minimal in healthcare population. Infected HPV type 16/18 persons should be referred for colposcopy even with normal cytology.
Ambient influence: can twinkly lights lure and abstract representations trigger behavioral change?

Can ubiquitous technologies be designed to nudge people to change their behavior? If so, how? We describe an ambient installation that was intended to help people decide - and to encourage them to reflect - when confronted with a choice. In this particular case, it was whether to take the stairs or the elevator in their place of work. The rationale was to push people towards a desired behavior at the point of decision-making and to reflect upon theirs and others' aggregate behavior. We describe the ambient displays that were developed and the prototyping studies in which they were evaluated. The findings from an in-the-wild study are then presented. They reveal that even though people said they were not aware of changing their behavior, logged data of their actual behavior showed a significant change. We discuss these mixed findings in relation to whether ambient displays can influence at an unconscious or conscious level.