Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scaled Self-Aligned N-Polar GaN/AlGaN MIS-HEMTs With  $f_{T}$ of 275 GHz

In this letter, we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance from N-polar GaN/AlGaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors. Self-aligned gate-first process was used for the fabrication of transistors. Graded InGaN and InN contact layers were used to achieve low ohmic contact resistance. The GaN channel thickness was scaled to 7 nm from previous generation of N-polar GaN devices to improve the aspect ratio and hence achieve better small-signal performance. The devices reported fT of 210 GHz for LG = 30 nm. To further improve the device performance, SiN sidewall spacers were etched and replaced with air gaps resulting in further boost in fT to a state-of-the-art value of 275 GHz.
Gender Bias in Acute Myocardial Infarction

42 The Nurse Practitioner • Vol. 29, No. 11 n the Western world today, women have come to expect and demand equal rights. The last 20 years have seen great progress in the fight for equality in many areas of women’s daily lives. Unfortunately, medicine is not one of these areas. Bias and inequality still exist in the way women are treated in today’s healthcare system. Before the 1980s, traditional medical research involving women centered primarily on reproductive issues. It was not until 1990 that legislation became involved. The research that followed discovered that women are at great risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiovascular disease, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Acute coronary syndrome is a new term that includes acute myocardial infarction (AMI), non-ST-segment elevation MI, and unstable angina. The American Heart Association (AHA) reports that coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in American females. It is ironic that cardiac disease historically was known as a men’s health issue, yet by the new millennium, cardiovascular disease claimed the lives of more females than males by 53.5%. There are many deficits in the identification and treatment of ACS in females. Though males and females present with different symptoms and may require different approaches, the overall goal is still effective patient management.
In-fiber photo-immobilization of a bioactive surface

Abstract. We demonstrate the first in-fiber light-induced bioactive biotin-functionalization via photobleaching fluorophore-conjugated biotin. Photobleaching the fluorophores generated free radicals that bind to the albumin-passivated inner surface of pure silica photonic crystal fiber. The subsequent attachment of dye-conjugated streptavidin to the bound biotin qualified the photo-immobilization process and demonstrated a potential for the construction of in-fiber macromolecular assemblies or multiplexes. Compared with other in-fiber bioactive coating methods, the proposed light-induced technique requires only a low-power light source, without the need for additional preactivation steps or toxic chemical reagents. This method, hence, enables a simple and compact implementation for potential biomedical applications.
Effects of a Behavioral Stress-Management Program on Anxiety, Mood, Self-Esteem, and T-Cell Count in HIV-Positive Men

This study evaluated the effects of a behavioral stress-management program on anxiety, mood, self-esteem, and T-cell count in a group of HIV-positive men who were asymptomatic except for T-cell counts below 400. The program consisted of 20 biweekly sessions of progressive muscle relaxation and electromyograph biofeedback-assisted relaxation training, meditation, and hypnosis. Ten subjects were randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a no-treatment control group, and the 2 groups were compared on pre- to posttreatment changes in the dependent measures. Analysis showed that, compared with the no-treatment group, the treatment group showed significant improvement on all the dependent measures, which was maintained at a 1-mo. follow-up. Since stress is known to compromise the immune system, these results suggest that stress management to reduce arousal of the nervous system and anxiety would be an appropriate component of a treatment regimen for HIV infection.
Inspiratory pressure support compensates for the additional work of breathing caused by the endotracheal tube.

Breathing through an endotracheal tube and a demand valve may increase the work performed by the respiratory muscles. Inspiratory pressure support (PS) is known to reduce this work and might therefore compensate for this increased requirement. To test this hypothesis, we measured the work of breathing (WOB) in 11 patients whose tracheas were intubated. Five had no intrinsic lung disease, but six had chronic obstructive lung disease. We compared WOB measurements taken under several sets of conditions: during assisted breathing at four levels of PS, during unassisted breathing and connection to a T-piece, and after extubation of the trachea. During unassisted breathing via the ventilator circuit (PS set at 0 cmH20), the WOB per minute was greater than that after extubation, with a mean increase (+/- standard deviation) of 68 +/- 38% (10.3 +/- 5.1 vs. 6.5 +/- 3.7 J.min-1, P less than 0.01). While breathing through the T-piece, the WOB was 27 +/- 18% greater than after tracheal extubation (8.2 +/- 5.1 vs. 6.5 +/- 3.7 J.min-1, P less than 0.05). The principal reason why inspiratory work decreased after extubation was that the ventilatory requirement decreased. For each patient, we determined retrospectively, after extubation, the level of PS that had reduced WOB to its postextubation value and obtained levels ranging from 3.4 to 14.4 cmH2O. The PS level at which additional WOB was compensated for, was greater in patients with chronic lung disease than in those free of lung disease (12.0 +/- 1.9 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.5 cm H2O, P less than 0.05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Revealed Preferences for Climate Protection when the Purely Individual Perspective is Relaxed - Evidence from a Framed Field Experiment

In this paper, we investigate the real demand for climate protection when the purely individual perspective of existing revealed preference studies is relaxed. This is achieved in two treatments; first, we determine the information subjects receive about the demand revealed by other subjects in a similar decision making situation, second, collective action is implemented whereby all subjects are required to purchase the group's median quantity at a given price. Participants in the experiment were offered the opportunity to contribute to climate protection by purchasing European Union Allowances. Allowances purchased were withdrawn from the European Emissions Trading Scheme. In our experiment, information about other subjects' behaviour has no treatment effect on the demand for climate protection. Under collective action however, the probability of purchasing allowances is higher compared to the reference treatment situation, an individual contribution mechanism. Furthermore, we observe a strong correlation between subjects' demand and their expectations about other participants' behaviour. When collective action is not available, subjects' expectations are consistent with free rider behaviour.
Chemical composition, toxicological aspects and antifungal activity of essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham.

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to test the essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. for antifungal activity, in vitro, against Candida spp. and Microsporum canis, to evaluate its acute and subchronic toxicological effects, in vivo, and to determine its chemical constituents. METHODS The antifungal activity, in vitro, was initially evaluated by the agar-well diffusion technique, and the MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. The acute and subchronic toxicological effects were determined in mice and rats, respectively. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy. RESULTS The essential oil obtained from L. sidoides was effective against all tested strains by the agar-well diffusion method. The MICs of L. sidoides essential oil for strains of M. canis ranged from 4 to 70 mg/L and the MFCs ranged from 9 to 150 mg/L. The MICs for strains of Candida spp. ranged from 620 to 2500 mg/L and the MFCs ranged from 1250 to 5000 mg/L. The main constituents of L. sidoides essential oil were thymol (59.65%), E-caryophyllene (10.60%) and p-cymene (9.08%). The acute administration of the essential oil up to 3 g/kg by the oral route to mice was devoid of overt toxicity. The 30 day oral administration of L. sidoides oil (117.95 mg/kg/day) to rats did not induce any significant histopathological, haematological or serum biochemical alterations. CONCLUSIONS The essential oil from L. sidoides may be a promising source in the search for new antifungal drugs due to its efficacy and low toxicity.
Effects of Task Structure on Category Priming in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and in Healthy Individuals

Lexical decision tasks have been used to study both shifts of attention and semantic processing in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Whereas other laboratories have reported normal levels of semantic priming among PD patients, our laboratory has reported abnormally large levels. In this study, two experiments were performed to determine the influence of task structure on the extent of semantic priming during lexical decision-making and pronunciation tasks among PD patients and neurologically healthy controls. In Experiment 1, the effect of Prime Dominance (the ratio of category to neutral trials) on lexical decision-making was studied. Although equal numbers of word and nonword trials were presented, half of the PD patients and controls were studied under Category Prime Dominance (category : neutral prime ratio of 2:1) and half were studied under Neutral Prime Dominance (category : neutral prime ratio of 1:2). In Experiment 2, PD and control participants were studied on lexical decision-making and pronunciation tasks where twice as many words as nonword trials were presented, consistent with other studies from our laboratory. In Experiment 1, we found no group differences in the magnitude of priming and no effect of Prime Dominance. Moreover, the findings were similar in pattern and magnitude to results published by Neely (1977). In Experiment 2, we observed larger priming effects among PD patients than among controls, but only on the lexical decision (LD) task. These results support the hypothesis that abnormally large category-priming effects appear in LD studies of PD patients when the number of word trials exceeds the number of nonword trials. Furthermore, increased lexical priming in PD appears to be due to processes operating during the decision-making period that follows presentation of the lexical target.
"I'm not going to die from the AIDS": resilience in aging with HIV disease.

PURPOSE Adults aging with HIV/AIDS can experience resilience in spite of the deleterious affects of the disease. This study seeks to examine the lived experiences of older adults with HIV/AIDS as it relates to strengths and resilience in dealing with this devastating disease. DESIGN AND METHODS Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 adults, 50 years and older, living with HIV/AIDS. The interview transcripts were analyzed using constant comparative methodology following the tenets of adaptive theory. RESULTS The majority of informants expressed experiences of resilience and strengths as related to living with HIV/AIDS. Seven major themes emerged from the analysis including self-acceptance, optimism, will to live, generativity, self-management, relational living, and independence. IMPLICATIONS The research identified the importance of strengths and resilience among older adults living with HIV/AIDS. Further research is needed to explore these phenomena with larger samples. Practitioners should identify and implement methods for assessing resilience among older HIV-infected adults.
Explorer Stochastic stability of particle swarm optimisation

Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is a metaheuristic algorithm used to find good solutions in a wide range of optimisation problems. The success of metaheuristic approaches is often dependent on the tuning of the control parameters. As the algorithm includes stochastic elements that effect the behaviour of the system, it may be studied using the framework of random dynamical systems (RDS). In PSO, the swarm dynamics are quasi-linear, which enables an analytical treatment of their stability. Our analysis shows that the region of stability extends beyond those predicted by earlier approximate approaches. Simulations provide empirical backing for our analysis and show that the best performance is achieved in the asymptotic case where the parameters are selected near the margin of instability predicted by the RDS approach.
Adaptation of the Functional Independence Measure for use in Turkey

Objective: To adapt the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for use in Turkey and to assess its validity and reliability. Design: After the translation procedure, reliability was assessed using internal consistency, inter-rater reliability (kappa) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was tested by association with impairments and by fit of data to the Rasch model. Setting: The study was undertaken in an inpatient rehabilitation unit of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara. Subjects: Consecutive stroke (n = 51) and spinal cord injury (SCI) (n = 62) patients admitted for rehabilitation over a period of three years were assessed at admission and discharge. Results: Internal consistency was good for stroke, and for SCI. The level of agreement between two raters was sufficient with kappa levels of above 0.48 for SCI and above 0.44 for stroke. Minimum ICC found was 0.90. Construct validity showed expected associations with the impairment scales. However, Rasch analysis showed that bladder and bowel items compromise unidimensionality in the motor scale. Conclusion: Adaptation of the FIM has been successful and it can be used in Turkey as long as the limitations are recognized.
Apocrine Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Presenting as a Large, Cystic Breast Mass: An Uncommon Presentation of a Rare Breast Lesion

A 73-year-old woman underwent screening mammography at our hospital 2 years ago, and we detected a 3.3 9 2.4-cm sized, left breast mass in the 3 o’clock direction. Although she then refused further evaluation, she recently returned with a palpable mass in the same location. Her medical history of diabetes mellitus induced end-stage renal disease which required hemodialysis during the past 2 years. On the previous and most recent mammograms, the mass showed an anterior circumscribed and posterior obscured margin and had a few, scattered calcifications. Only the mass size increased to 8.0 9 7.0-cm.
Intolerance to visceral distension in functional dyspepsia or irritable bowel syndrome: an organ specific defect or a pan intestinal dysregulation?

Abstract Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are characterized by visceral hypersensitivity that could be specific to a region of the gut or reflect a diffuse pan‐intestinal disorder. Sensory thresholds to distension at two visceral sites in patients with different FGIDs were determined. According to Rome II criteria, 30 patients from three groups were studied: patients with (i) functional dyspepsia (FD) or (ii) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and (iii) patients with concomitant symptoms of FD and IBS. Pain thresholds to balloon distension were determined in stomach and rectum. In FD patients, gastric intolerance to balloon distension was found in 91% patients; rectal hypersensitivity was documented in 18% patients. In IBS patients, rectal hypersensitivity was seen in 75% patients; while gastric hypersensitivity was never found. In patients with concomitant symptoms of FD + IBS, gastric and rectal intolerance to distension were present respectively in 82 and 91% patients. In the whole group, visceral intolerance to distension was documented at one site in 90% patients and at both sites, i.e. stomach and rectum, in 33% patients. Visceral intolerance to distension can be pan‐intestinal in patients with multiple sites of symptoms, but appears organ‐specific in patients exhibiting a specific site of symptoms.
Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is Not Increased in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Background/Aims: The development of renal injury in glomerulonephritis (GN) has been related to systemic inflammatory mediators. We investigated whether serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker reflecting the inflammatory pathogenesis of primary GN. Methods: We compared serum hs-CRP levels in 192 patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 43 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN), and 25 patients with minimal change disease (MCD) undergoing kidney biopsy and 638 matched controls. Results: There were no differences in hs-CRP levels between controls (median 0.08 mg/dl; range 0.03–1.87 mg/dl) and patients with IgAN (0.08 mg/dl; 0.03–3.13 mg/dl), MN (0.07 mg/dl; 0.03–0.99 mg/dl) or MCD (0.08 mg/dl; 0.03–1.75 mg/dl). In patients with IgAN, hs-CRP levels did not differ according to Haas’ pathological subclasses or subsequent renal outcomes. In the IgAN group, hs-CRP showed positive correlations with IgA, uric acid, systolic blood pressure, BMI and age. Hs-CRP level was significantly higher in male than in female IgAN patients. Serum IgA concentration was the strongest independent correlate with hs-CRP levels, and gender and BMI were also independently associated with hs-CRP. There were no correlations between hs-CRP and markers of disease activity. Conclusion: It is likely that hs-CRP does not closely reflect inflammatory pathogenesis in patients with IgAN, MN and MCD.
Relation of Self-Concept to Impact and Obviousness of Disability among Male and Female Adolescents

This study investigated adolescents' self-concept and the relation of self concept to sex, impact of physical disability, and the obviousness of the disability. It was hypothesized that the three variables would significantly interact. To form criterion groups according to self-perceived physical problems, a scale, Major Medical Problem, was constructed and administered to 382 male and female high school juniors. Significant interaction effects were demonstrated between sex and impact on the three self-concept dimensions (real, acceptance, and ideal) and a significant triple interaction among sex, obviousness, and impact on the three measures and on social desirability. Results suggested greatest impact on self concept occurred for adolescent females with physical problems of high impact and visibility. Implications of the findings were discussed within the context of Friedenberg's concept of sex-differentiated, adolescent needs for competence.
Mammographic surveillance of breast cancer patients: should the mastectomy site be imaged?

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the usefulness of routine mammography of the mastectomy site in women who have been treated for breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS From a retrospective review of medical records and mammographic examinations of 827 patients who had mastectomies, the following information was obtained: demographic data, type of breast reconstruction (if any), length of follow-up after mastectomy, evidence of local recurrence, and results of physical examination of the breast and mammography immediately before diagnosis of local recurrence. RESULTS Local recurrences of breast cancer were seen in 39 (4.5%) of the 859 breasts in the study group. All patients had a physical examination of the breast and mammography within 3 months of the diagnosis of recurrent breast carcinoma. Mammography of the mastectomy site did not show any recurrences that were not suspected on the basis of physical examination. For two of 20 patients, spot-compression views of palpable abnormalities showed thickening of the surgical scar. In four patients with pain in the chest wall, no abnormalities were found on physical examination or mammograms, but bone scintigrams showed metastasis to the ribs. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that mammographic imaging of the mastectomy site does not increase the detection of locally recurrent breast cancer.
Public housing delivery in Nigeria: problems and challenges

In Nigeria political, economic, social and environmental factors and the huge foreign exchange accumulated from the rise in oil price in the 1970s have forced previous civilian and military government to intervene in the urban housing crisis. The initial intervention took the form of rent control. The failure and abandonment of the rent control policy led to the policy of public housing production in the urban centres. The debate on public housing programme in Nigeria has been abandoned largely on the guise of the exercise being a luxury, the economic pressure brought about by the structural adjustment programme of economic recovery of the 1990s and the inefficacy of the previous public housing programme This paper attempts to examine the problem and challenges of public housing delivery in Nigeria. It highlights the nature and dimension of Nigeria’s housing problems. The various government responses at solving the housing problems are identified. The achievements of government past housing governments are examined. Finally factors inhibiting public housing delivery and the challenges of housing in the future are presented. All correspondence to: Dr. L.M Olayiwola Department of Urban and Regional Planning Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria. Tel 23483379719 E-mail: lasmol2001@yahoo.com XXXIII IAHS, September 27-3
Evaluation of the effects of PEDV vaccine on PEDV naïve and previously PEDV exposed sows in a challenge model comparing immune response and preweaning mortality

Introduction Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a coronavirus, was first recognized in the United States in April, 2013.1 In affected herds it has caused 100% morbidity and 50-100% mortality in suckling piglets.2 PEDV has proven to be a very difficult disease to treat or control, and no single intervention strategy has been 100% successful. Colostrum from immunized sows has been found to increase survival rates of PEDV challenged piglets.3 It has been well documented that coronaviruses such as PEDV or transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) stimulate a strong IgA response in the sow which is passed to pigs via lactogenic immunity.4 The practice of feeding back feces from affected PEDV-positive piglets to sows is effective in stimulating the immune response and lactogenic immunity in sows; however, this practice does present the possibility of continued presence of virulent virus thus continuing disease outbreaks within a herd, significant economic losses, and uncertainty because of variation in immune response in sows.4 There is a need for an efficacious vaccine that can stimulate a protective immune response, can be differentiated from a field strain of PEDV, is safe, and does not pose the threat of prolonging disease outbreaks.