Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Response of Regeneration Ability of Myriophyllum spicatum Apical Fragments to Decaying Cladophora oligoclona

During the restoration of eutrophic shallow lakes, submerged macrophyte recovery is often accompanied by an excessive proliferation of filamentous green algae (FGA). This can lead to the recession or even disappearance of the submerged macrophytes in these lakes. However, the use of plant fragments in reproduction and dispersion is an important life history strategy for submerged macrophytes. In this work, it studied apical fragment propagation in Myriophyllum spicatum and its physiological and biochemical responses to the decomposing liquid of Cladophora oligoclona. Myriophyllum spicatum apical fragments showed no new roots or buds when treated with 0.4 times the original decomposing liquid, and their PSII functional parameters were lower than those of the control. In contrast, the relevant sugar content accumulated to 115.26%, and the activities of an energy enzyme (Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase) and a secondary metabolic-related enzyme (PAL) increased by 490.63% and 28.13%, showing an elevated defense response. These results indicated that the early regeneration of M. spicatum could be hindered by environmental stress, and that this may further affect the reproduction and colonization of these submerged macrophytes.
Donor brain death leads to differential immune activation in solid organs but does not accelerate ischaemia–reperfusion injury

A comparative analysis of inflammation between solid organs following donor brain death (BD) is still lacking and the detailed influence of BD accelerating ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) post‐transplantation remains to be addressed. Applying a murine model of BD, we demonstrated that 4 h after BD organs were characterized by distinct inflammatory expression patterns. For instance, lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a marker of acute kidney injury, was selectively induced in BD livers but not in kidneys. BD further resulted in significantly reduced frequencies of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T cells and NKp46+ NK cells in the liver, whereas BD kidneys and hearts were characterized by significantly lower frequencies of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). Syngeneic models of kidney (KTx) and heart transplantation (HTx) illustrated stronger gene expression in engrafted BD hearts only, but 20 h post‐transplantation both organs displayed comparable intragraft lymphocyte frequencies, except for NK cells and graft function. Moreover, the complement factor C3d deposit detected in small vessels and capillaries in cardiac syngrafts did not significantly differ between BD and sham‐transplanted groups. Finally, no further influence of donor BD on graft survival was detected in an allogeneic heart transplantation setting (C57BL/6 grafts into BALB/c recipients). We show for the first time that BD organs are characterized by a varying inflammatory profile; however, BD does not accelerate IRI in syngeneic KTx and HTx. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Kinesiophobia on Physical Activity in Patients with Arterial Hypertension

Introduction: Hypertension as a non communicable disease is at a rise in India and raises public health concern. Though drugs are the primary mainstay of treatment, physical activity has proved to be therapeutic in controlling blood pressure. Kinesiophobia has been a major perceived barrier to physical activity. Till date, there is paucity of literature directly designed to assess impact of kinesiophobia to physical activity in these patients. Aim of the study was to evaluate degree of kinesiophobia and physical activity in patients with arterial hypertension and to examine relationship between them. Materials and methods: Total of 150 patients with diagnosed hypertension was a part of the study. Kinesiophobia was assessed using Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the physical activity levels. Pearson’s correlation test was used to study relationship between kinesiophobia and physical activity. Results: Out of 150 subjects, 58% were male and 42% were females with a mean age of 55.06 ± 9.48 years. More than half of subjects (68%) belonged to Category 1 (i.e.) Inactive on IPAQ scale. About 78% subjects were kinesiophobic. Mean kinesiophobia score was found to be 38.98 ± 6.85. A strong negative correlation was found between kinesiophobia score and physical activity levels (r= -0.6785, p≤0.05). Conclusions: There was a negative relationship between Kinesiophobia score and physical activity levels in patients with arterial hypertension indicating that treating kinesiophobia should be a primary concern in physical therapy treatment of these patients.
Patent Privateering, Litigation, and R&D Incentives

We analyze the effect of Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs) on the innovation incentives of producing firms. Before producing, these firms engage in sequential patent races to discover and patent the components needed for the final product. We characterize the equilibrium of a model that incorporates patent trade, entry, licensing, litigation, and injunctions. In our model, only producing firms can obtain injunctions, which reduces the incentives of producing firms to sell patents to PAEs, because the latter cannot exclude rival firms from the market. We show that PAEs can increase the marginal value of patenting a discovery, but they can also act as an entry deterrent. As an extension, we study patent trade among producing firms and a third party that can decide to enter the market and produce.
Cancer‐testis antigen MAGEC2 promotes proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma

Cancer‐testis antigens belonging to the MAGE family of genes, such as MAGEC2, are commonly and specifically expressed in Multiple Myeloma (MM) and are associated with a more aggressive clinical course and chemotherapy resistance. MAGEC2 is thought to be an excellent candidate for cancer immunotherapy; however, the biological role of MAGEC2 in MM has remained unclear. We investigated the biological role of MAGEC2 in myeloma cells determining the effect of MAGEC2 knockdown on proliferation and apoptosis. Loss of MAGEC2 resulted in reduced proliferation, viability, and anchorage‐independent growth of myeloma cells irrespective of the functional status of TP53 (p53). The anti‐proliferative effect of MAGEC2 silencing was due to a decrease of cells in the S phase, cell cycle delay at both G0/G1 and/or G2/M, and an increase in the sub‐G0/G1 diploid population related to apoptotic cell death. Importantly, overexpression of short hairpin (sh)RNA‐refractory MAGEC2 rescued the anti‐proliferative effect of mRNA knockdown and protected cells from apoptotic cell death. Our findings support a TP53‐independent role of MAGEC2 in promoting the survival of myeloma cells suggesting that MAGEC2‐specific immunotherapies have the potential to eradicate the most malignant cells within the myeloma tumour bulk leading to durable clinical responses.
Revisiting the LuGre friction model

Friction is a classical ﬁeld that goes back to Leonardo da Vinci, Guilliame Amonton, and Charles Augustin de Coulomb. Amonton found that friction force is proportional to normal load, but surprisingly is independent of the area of the apparent contact surface. This observation is known as the Amonton’s paradox. The apparent contact surface is the geometric object surface projected to the contact surface. The true contact surface is the effective surface in contact between the object and the surface. The apparent contact surface is often much larger than the effective contact surface. also plays a major role in understanding earthquakes. Measurements of the contact surface of rocks show that the friction force is proportional to true contact area, ﬁnally resolving Amonton’s
NOVEL OBJECTS USING PRIOR RELATIONAL KNOWLEDGE

Humans have a remarkable ability to both generalize known actions to novel objects, and reason about novel objects once their relationship to known objects is understood. For example, on being told a novel object (e.g. ’bees’) is to be avoided, we readily apply our prior experience avoiding known objects without needing to experience a sting. Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved many remarkable successes in recent years including results with Atari (Mnih et al., 2015) games and Go (Silver et al., 2018) that have matched or exceeded human performance. While a human playing Atari games can, with a few sentences of natural language instruction, quickly reach a decent level of performance, modern end-to-end deep reinforcement learning methods still require millions of frames of experience (for e.g. see Fig. 3 in (Lake et al., 2016)). Past studies have hypothesized a role for prior knowledge in addressing this gap between human performance and Deep RL (Dubey et al., 2018; Lake et al., 2016). However, scalable approaches for combining prior or instructional knowledge with deep reinforcement learning have remained elusive.
flowin endothelial cells is suppressed by hemodynamic Interleukin-6-induced JAK 2 / STAT 3 signaling pathway

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , August 1, 2005; 289 (2): H873-H885. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol S. -Q. Wu and W. C. Aird expression in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells Thrombin, TNF-{alpha}, and LPS exert overlapping but nonidentical effects on gene [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , June 1, 2007; 74 (3): 497-505. Cardiovasc Res Y. -C. Tsai, H. -J. Hsieh, F. Liao, C. -W. Ni, Y. -J. Chao, C. -Y. Hsieh and D. L. Wang Laminar flow attenuates interferon-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , July 15, 2007; 110 (2): 519-528. Blood Chien J.-J. Chiu, L. -J. Chen, C. -I Lee, P.-L. Lee, D. -Y. Lee, M. -C. Tsai, C. -W. Lin, S. Usami and S. and its inhibition by shear stress Mechanisms of induction of endothelial cell E-selectin expression by smooth muscle cells
Tumor Stroma as the Main Source of Inhibin Production in Ovarian Epithelial Tumors

PROBLEM: Elevated serum inhibin levels have been found in ovarian cancer patients; however, the source of the elevated inhibin is uncertain. Previous studies of activin in human ovarian cancer suggest that activin may promote the growth of the tumor. The aims of this study were to examine the source of elevated inhibin from ovarian epithelial tumors (OETs) and to preliminarily investigate the role of the gonadotropin–inhibin/activin relationship in the development of OET. METHOD OF STUDY: The protein and mRNA expression of α and βA subunits of inhibin/activin were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in 120 OETs, including 30 benign cystadenomas, 30 borderline tumors, and 60 carcinomas. Stromal and epithelial cells were microdissected from 23 OETs to further examine the expression of α and βA subunits by RT‐PCR. Dimeric inhibin A and activin A production were measured by using the two‐site ELISA from three OET cell lines in culture under treatment of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). RESULTS: βA subunit was expressed in the epithelial component of 100% of the cystadenomas, in 80% of borderline tumors, and in 75% of the carcinomas, but not in tumor stroma. Inhibin α expression was not found in the epithelium of all OETs studied, but focal inhibin α immunoreactivity was seen in the tumor stroma (mainly luteinized stromal cells) in the majority of cases. Dimeric activin A was produced by all of the three OET cell lines with a 1.5–1.9‐fold increment after FSH stimulation. However, activin A production was not augmented by LH treatment. No inhibin A was produced by the three OET cell lines with or without gonadotropin stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The stroma of OET is the major source in the production of inhibin α (monomer). Dimeric inhibin A production may be the result of combined efforts of the tumor stroma (α subunit) and epithelium (βA subunit). Cellular, compartmental expression of inhibin and activin subunits may play a role in the development of OET, although the mechanism remains undefined. The unopposed activin A production stimulated by FSH in OET cell lines suggests that activin production may represent one of the cellular mechanisms of growth promotion by FSH.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE ’ S PERFORMANCE

Annotation The Leadership style is the most prevalent factors that influence employees’ attitudes and behaviors including organizational commitment. Organizations need employees who are committed in their work so that they can contribute to the survival of the organization in the marketplace competition. The emphasis is on how managers in organizations can get effective leadership style to achieve set goals. The study has examined the leadership style and their effect on employee performance. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of different leadership styles on employee performance in an organization. This paper is intended to identify which leadership style achieves positive influence on employee’s performance. The population of the study were the private enterprise manager (Medium and Large sized enterprise) in Kosovo. Data collection was made through questionnaires, and the constructs used were adapted from prior research and already tested for reliability. For the study we used a structured questionaries’ and the data analyses where made through statistical package for social sciences. Finally analysis will be made to identify which leadership style achieves best in terms of employee’s performance.
At-risk and problem gambling among adolescents

Background: Adolescent gambling and substance use are viewed as a public health concern internationally. The early onset age of gambling is a known risk factor for developing gambling problems later in life. The aims of this study are: to evaluate the internal consistency reliability, factorial validity and classification accuracy of the Finnish version of DSM-IV-Multiple Response-Juvenile (DSM-IV-MR-J) criteria measuring at-risk/problem gambling (ARPG); to examine gender differences in gambling participation, ARPG and substance use among first-year junior high school students; and to investigate the association of gambling and gaming (video game playing) participation, substance use and social variables with ARPG. Methods: This study examined 988 adolescents (mean age 13.4 years) at 11 public schools in Finland between October-December 2013. The response rate was 91.6%. Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression analysis were used. Results: ‘Illegal acts’ was the most endorsed and sensitive, but the least specific criteria identifying ARPG. During the past year, 51.6% of the respondents had gambled, 7.9% were identified as at-risk/problem gamblers (DSM-IV-MR-J score≥ 2), 8.0% had smoked and 8.9% had been drinking for intoxication, and the first three were significantly more common among boys than girls. The odds ratio of being a male past-year at-risk/problem gambler was 2.27, 5.78 for gambling often or sometimes, 2.42 for video game playing weekly or more often and 6.23 for having peer gamblers. Conclusions: Overall, the Finnish version of the DSM-IV-MR-J had acceptable internal consistency reliability and factorial validity. None of the DSM-IV-MR-J criteria were accurate enough to screen ARPG per se. ARPG past-year prevalence was relatively high with males gambling more than females. ARPG was as common as drinking alcohol for intoxication and smoking. Peer gambling was strongly associated with ARPG. Efficient strategies to minimise the risks of gambling problems, tools for prevention and identification of ARPG among the underage are needed.
Prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram in acute coronary syndromes.

CONTEXT The presence of ischemic changes on electrocardiogram (ECG) correlates with poorer outcomes in patients with acute chest pain. OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic value of various ECG presentations of acute myocardial ischemia. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of the presenting ECGs of patients enrolled in Global Use of Strategies To Open Occluded Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes (GUSTO-IIb). SETTING Three hundred seventy-three hospitals in 13 countries in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. PATIENTS A total of 12142 patients who reported symptoms of cardiac ischemia at rest within 12 hours of admission and had signs of myocardial ischemia confirmed by ECG. On presenting ECG, 22% of patients had T-wave inversion, 28% had ST-segment elevation, 35% had ST-segment depression, and 15% had a combination of ST-segment elevation and depression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Ability of presenting ECG to predict death or myocardial reinfarction during the first 30 days of follow-up. RESULTS The 30-day incidence of death or myocardial reinfarction was 5.5% in patients with T-wave inversion, 9.4% in those with ST-segment elevation, 10.5% in those with ST-segment depression, and 12.4% in those with ST-segment elevation and depression (P<.001). After adjusting for factors associated with an increased risk of 30-day death or reinfarction, compared with those who had T-wave inversion only, the odds of 30-day death or reinfarction were 1.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-2.08) in those with ST-segment elevation, 1.62 (95% CI, 1.32-1.98) for those with ST-segment depression, and 2.27 (95% CI, 1.80-2.86) for those with combined elevation and depression. An elevated creatine kinase level at admission correlated with a higher risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% CI, 1.92-2.91) and death or reinfarction (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.32-1.85). The ECG category and creatine kinase level at admission remained highly predictive of death and myocardial infarction after multivariate adjustment for the significant baseline predictors of events. CONCLUSIONS The ECG at presentation allows immediate risk stratification across the spectrum of acute coronary syndromes. An elevated creatine kinase level at admission is associated with worse outcomes.
Bowel Sounds : Is it Time for Surgeons to Hangup their Stethoscopes ?

The noises produced by the movement of gas and fluids during peristalsis are bowel sounds or borborygmi. We all have them to a greater or lesser extent. When the bowel is obstructed they become high pitched or tinkling as fluid drips from one distended and tympanic loop of bowel into another. In the presence of peritonitis, classically in association with a perforation, the abdomen becomes silent reflecting an absence of peristaltic activity, so called paralytic ileus. Not surprisingly, therefore, auscultation for bowel sounds is considered an essential part of the assessment of the acute abdomen and it remains common practice to listen to bowel sounds as a determinant of the presence or absence of gut function. But what is the evidence? Is listening to bowel sounds an outdated practice now superseded by readily available abdominal imaging or is they still a useful clinical observation which is easily obtained with minimal discomfort to the patient.
EXTRACTION OF LIPASE AND PROTEASE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE FROM PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY

Hydrolytic enzymes released by the microorganisms in activated sludge are responsible for the organic matter degradation there; however, the optimal extraction procedure of this valuable resource has not been well established until now. In this study protease and lipase were extracted from activated sludge using ultrasound disintegration combined with a nonionic detergent (Triton X-100) and cation-exchange resin (CER) in combination for the extraction of protease and lipase. It was observed that the concentration of 0.1% and 1% Triton X-100 has a strong influence for the extraction of lipase and protease respectively. Closer study of the enzyme extraction process is essential for different enzymes from activated sludge process.
The etiology of diverse receptive language skills at 12 years.

PURPOSE In the 2nd decade of life, language skills expand in both quantitative and qualitative ways. The etiology of these new skills and the relationships among them have been little explored. METHOD Taking advantage of widespread access to inexpensive and fast Internet connections in the United Kingdom, we administered four Web-based measures of receptive language development--Vocabulary, Listening Grammar, Figurative Language, and Making Inferences--to a sample of 12-year-old twin pairs (N=4,892) participating in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS; Oliver & Plomin, 2007). RESULTS The 4 measures showed moderate phenotypic intercorrelation. All 4 showed moderate genetic influence (a2 between .25 and .36) and low shared environmental influence (c2 between .13 and .19). The median genetic correlation among the 4 measures was . 87, indicating strong genetic overlap among them. A latent factor score for Language, based on the common variance among the measures, showed substantial genetic influence (a2=.59) and moderate shared environmental influence (c2=.28). A small but significant sex difference favored females on the Listening Grammar and Making Inferences tests, but there was no evidence for sex differences in the etiology of any of the measures. CONCLUSION Despite the emergence of new skills at this developmental period, from the etiological perspective, language skills remain relatively undifferentiated at an etiological level.
Vertical Migration of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. heliothidis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) in Sandy Loam Soil.

The entomogenous nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and H. heliothidis (Khan, Brooks, and Hirschmann) and their associated bacterium Xenorhabdus luminescens (Poinar and Thomas) have been tested against a humher of insect pests with some encouraging results (11). Simons (14) obtained 90% control of tile black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus Fab. , after applying Heterorhabditis sp. to the soil surface in greenhouses. Similar results were reported by Bedding and Miller (1) and Georgis et al. (7) using H. heliothidis. Laboratory tests using H. heliothidis against Mediterranean fruit fly adults, Ceratitis capitat (Wied.), gave 85% control (12). Recently, confined field tests showed that the application of H. bacteriophora to brussels sprout seedlings have protected 88% of the plants from damage caused by the cabbage root maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Weld.) (8). If these nematodes are to be used as biological control agents, then more information is needed regarding their ability to move in soil. T h e present study defines the migration of H. bacteriophora and H. heliothidis in sandy loam soil under laboratory conditions, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. heliothidis were cultured separately in larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (13). After extraction, infective juveniles were stored in water for 3 weeks at 8-10 C. Vertical migration of H. bacteriophora and H. heliothidis juveniles was studied in sandy loam soil (10% clay, 10% silt, 80% sand). T h e soil had been steam sterilized and treated with 30 ml of distilled water per 100 cc soil. Vertical columns 10 cm in length consisting of 2-cm sections of plastic tubing