Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Dusty Star Formation and Stellar Mass Assembly in Clusters: Results from the IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm Cluster Luminosity Functions

We present a catalog of 99 candidate clusters and groups of galaxies in the redshift range 0.1 < zphot < 1.3 discovered in the Spitzer FLS. The clusters are selected by their Rc − 3.6 μ m galaxy color-magnitude relation using the cluster red-sequence algorithm. Using this cluster sample, we compute the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μ m cluster LFs. Similar to previous studies, we find that for the bands that trace stellar mass at these redshifts (3.6 and 4.5 μ m ) the evolution in M* is consistent with a passively evolving population of galaxies with a high formation redshift (zf > 1.5). Using the 3.6 μ m LF as a proxy for stellar luminosity, we remove this component from the MIR (5.8 and 8.0 μ m ) cluster LFs and measure the LF of dusty star formation/AGNs in clusters. We find that at z < 0.4 the bright end of the cluster 8.0 μ m LF is well described by a composite population of quiescent galaxies and regular star-forming galaxies with a mix consistent with typical cluster blue fractions; however, at z > 0.4, an additional population of dusty starburst galaxies is required to properly model the 8.0 μ m LFs. Comparison to field studies at similar redshifts shows a strong differential evolution in the field and cluster 8.0 μ m LFs with redshift. At z ∼ 0.65 8.0 μ m -detected galaxies are more abundant in clusters compared to the field, but thereafter the number of 8.0 μ m sources in clusters declines with decreasing redshift, and by z ∼ 0.15, clusters are underdense relative to the field by a factor of ~5. The rapid differential evolution between the cluster and field LFs is qualitatively consistent with recent field galaxy studies that show that the star formation rates of galaxies in high-density environments are larger than those in low-density environments at higher redshift.
ANATOMICAL STUDY OF WIDTH AND THICKNESS OF SCIATIC NERVE IN THE GLUTEAL REGION

Sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body originating from the sacral plexus and it supplies the lower limb through its branches. It leaves the pelvic cavity and enters the gluteal region usually through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis. It divides into its terminal branches at various levels which determine the length of sciatic nerve. The present study is undertaken to measure the width and thickness of sciatic nerve in the gluteal region as well as to measure the length of sciatic nerve till its terminal division. A detailed knowledge of anatomy of sciatic nerve and gluteal region whether normal or varied will not only help surgeon to be cautious, but plan accordingly during various surgical interventions in this region. Lower limb surgeries frequently involve sciatic nerve block. Therefore data obtained in the present study about the dimensions and course of SN in the gluteal region as well as the level of its division may serve as a guide for a successful surgery in this region.
4D in-beam positron emission tomography for verification of motion-compensated ion beam therapy.

PURPOSE Clinically safe and effective treatment of intrafractionally moving targets with scanned ion beams requires dedicated delivery techniques such as beam tracking. Apart from treatment delivery, also appropriate methods for validation of the actual tumor irradiation are highly desirable, In this contribution the feasibility of four-dimensionally (space and time) resolved, motion-compensated in-beam positron emission tomography (4DibPET) was addressed in experimental studies with scanned carbon ion beams. METHODS A polymethyl methracrylate block sinusoidally moving left-right in beam's eye view was used as target. Radiological depth changes were introduced by placing a stationary ramp-shaped absorber proximal of the moving target. Treatment delivery was compensated for motion by beam tracking. Time-resolved, motion-correlated in-beam PET data acquisition was performed during beam delivery with tracking the moving target and prolonged after beam delivery first with the activated target still in motion and, finally, with the target at rest. Motion-compensated 4DibPET imaging was implemented and the results were compared to a stationary reference irradiation of the same treatment field. Data were used to determine feasibility of 4DibPET but also to evaluate offline in comparison to in-beam PET acquisition. RESULTS 4D in-beam as well as offline PET imaging was found to be feasible and offers the possibility to verify the correct functioning of beam tracking. Motion compensation of the imaged beta(+)-activity distribution allows recovery of the volumetric extension of the delivered field for direct comparison with the reference stationary condition. Observed differences in terms of lateral field extension and penumbra in the direction of motion were typically less than 1 mm for both imaging strategies in comparison to the corresponding reference distributions. However, in-beam imaging retained a better spatial correlation of the measured activity with the delivered dose. CONCLUSIONS 4DibPET is a feasible and promising method to validate treatment delivery of scanned ion beams to moving targets. Further investigations will focus on more complex geometries and treatment planning studies with clinical data.
The risk for second primaries in gastric cancer patients: adjuvant therapy and habitual smoking and drinking.

STUDY PURPOSE To examine whether adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer increases the risk for second primaries, and whether smoking and drinking increase the risk. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 1,631 patients who were newly diagnosed with gastric cancer and underwent curative operation at Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases during 1978-92. Incidence of second primaries were examined through linkage to Osaka Cancer Registry as of the end of December 1995. Observed number of second primaries (O) was compared with the expected according to the incidence in general population (E). Proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard rate ratio (HR) for second primaries. RESULTS 149 second primaries were observed. Seventeen cases, detected within 2 months after diagnosis of gastric cancer, were excluded. O/E ratio was 1.13 for adjuvant chemotherapy, 0.93 for immuno-chemotherapy, and 0.78 for immunotherapy, while 1.14 for operation only (not significant). Age-, sex-, and stage-adjusted HR was 1.02 (95% C.I. 0.69-1.50) for chemotherapy, 0.80 (0.41-1.57) for immuno-chemotherapy, and 0.60 (0.08-4.34) for immunotherapy, as compared with the risk for operation only. Among males, HR for current smokers vs. never smokers was 1.82 (1.02-3.26). CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer did not significantly increase the risk for second primaries, while smoking elevated it.
State-ofthe-art treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The last decade has produced rapid progress in the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Fludarabine, bendamustine and two monoclonal antibodies, alemtuzumab and rituximab, have been approved by the European and/or American regulatory agencies. Several, novel monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20, CD23 or CD40, as well as drugs designed to interfere with proteins regulating the cell cycle, apoptotic machinery, or leukemic microenvironment (eg, flavopiridol, oblimersen, or lenalidomide), are currently being tested in clinical trials. Furthermore, the increased experience with reduced-intensity allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation allows offering this option to physically fit patients. In addition, new prognostic markers that may influence therapeutic decisions have been identified. This review attempts to summarize the current use of these different modalities in CLL therapy.
The development of phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues as inhibitors of the serine/threonine kinase, Akt

The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a component of the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/Akt signal transduction pathway that is activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, activated Ras and integrins. As Akt regulates many processes crucial to carcinogenesis, and Akt activation has been observed in human cancers, intense efforts are underway to develop Akt inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. Towards this aim, phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (PIAs), which are structurally similar to the products of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase, have been synthesised. PIAs inhibit Akt translocation, phosphorylation and kinase activity. Furthermore, they selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines that depend on Akt for survival. This review will trace the development of PIAs, cover the biological activities of PIAs and discuss future steps and challenges in their development.
Purification of 6‐Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase from Chicken Liver and Investigation of Some Kinetic Properties

Abstract 6‐Phosphogluconate (6PG) dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44; 6PGD) was purified from chicken liver; some kinetic and characteristic properties of the enzyme were investigated. The purification procedure consisted of four steps: preparation of the hemolysate, ammonium sulfate precipitation, 2′,5′‐ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G‐200 gel filtration chromatography. Thanks to the four consecutive procedures, product having a specific activity of 61 U (mg proteins)−1, was purified 344‐fold with a yield of 5.57%. Optimum pH, stable pH, optimum temperature, and K M and V max values for NADP+ and 6PG substrates were determined for the enzyme. Molecular weight of the enzyme was also determined by Sephadex G‐200 gel filtration chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). In addition, K i values and inhibition types were estimated by means of Lineweaver‐Burk graphs obtained for NADPH and CO2 products.
Effect of some preslaughter treatments on the Salmonella population in the bovine rumen and faeces.

SUMMARY Salmonella spp. were detected commonly in railway wagons, saleyards and abattoir holding pens through which cattle pass from farm to slaughter. The salmonellae population in the rumen and faeces of cattle at slaughter depended on the previous treatment of the animal. The percentage of animals with salmonellae in the rumen was greater the longer the period between leaving the farm and slaughter; feeding once during this period increased the incidence and numbers of salmonellae in the rumen and at least the incidence in the faeces.
Measurement of straylight for glare assessment and driving.

In this review an overview of straylight as method to assess glare sensitivity for driver licensing will be given. Glare is an important safety issue while driving. It is well known that people stop driving at night because of glare when early cataract develops. It has been found to derive from the physical process of light scattering in the eye, causing a veil of straylight over the road scene. This veil lessens visibility, potentially up till complete blinding. By international agreement, glare is to be quantified by straylight based on the â€œequivalent luminanceâ€ concept. Normal standards have been defined, including age and cataract dependence. Straylight can be measured accurately with the psychophysical 2AFC â€œcompensation comparisonâ€ method, including a reliability check. A commercial instrument called C-Quant is marketed. Â As straylight is a basic quality of the eye, also other aspects of quality of vision, such as face recognition, contrast sensitivity, etc. depend on it. Straylight is used in ophthalmology as early indication for cataract surgery. It is to a large degree independent from acuity. Practical aspects of straylight measurement and limit values for occupational testing will be discussed. Normal young values are around log(s)=0.9. For demanding professions a limit elevation of 2x (0.3 log, corresponding to 3 standard deviations) is proposed. For normal driving a limit elevation of 4x is proposed, corresponding to log(s)=1.5. Cataract surgery is indicated at log(s)=1.4.
Delayed Primary Closure in Damage Control Laparotomy: The Value of the Wittmann Patch

Damage control laparotomy has become an accepted practice in trauma surgery. A number of methods leading to delayed primary closure of the abdomen have been advocated; complications are recognized with all these methods. The approach to staged repair using the Wittmann patch (Star Surgical Inc., Burlington, WI) combines the advantages of planned relaparotomy and open management, while minimizing the rate of complications. The authors hypothesized that use of the Wittmann patch would lead to a high rate of delayed primary closure of the abdomen. The patch consists of two sheets sutured to the abdominal fascia, providing for temporary closure. Advancement of the patch and abdominal exploration can be done at bedside. When the fascial edges can be reapproximated without tension, abdominal closure is performed. Twenty-six patients underwent staged abdominal closure during the study period. All were initially managed with intravenous bag closure. Eighty-three per cent (20 of 24) went on to delayed primary closure of the abdomen, with a mean time of 13.1 days from patch placement to delayed primary closure. The rate of closure using the Wittmann patch is equivalent to other commonly used methods and should be considered when managing patients with abdominal compartment syndrome or severe abdominal trauma.
Iterative Methods for Pseudocontractive Mappings in Banach Spaces

Let a reflexive Banach space having a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of , a continuous pseudocontractive mapping with , and a continuous bounded strongly pseudocontractive mapping with a pseudocontractive constant . Let and be sequences in satisfying suitable conditions and for arbitrary initial value , let the sequence be generated by If either every weakly compact convex subset of has the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings or is strictly convex, then converges strongly to a fixed point of , which solves a certain variational inequality related to .
The control of blood flow to the placenta

The maintenance of adequate blood flow to the placenta is essential for the successful outcome of pregnancy. The placental vascular bed is often regarded as a low‐resistance circulation in which blood flow is determined by the fetal cardiac output, but in pregnancies associated with growth retardation, and for reasons unknown, vascular resistance increases and blood flow is compromised. This review concentrates on recent advances in our understanding of the factors that may influence fetoplacental blood flow, with particular emphasis upon the circulation of the human placenta. The placenta has no neuronal input and vascular resistance is entirely determined by humoral and structural factors. In the absence of catecholamine sensitivity, constrictor prostanoids and endothelin may be important constrictor agonists, whereas nitric oxide is now considered to contribute to tonic reduction in vascular resistance. Little is known of the relative contributions of these vasoactive agents in the elevation of fetoplacental vascular resistance, but recent evidence points to an important role for altered vascular structure in growth‐retarded pregnancies.
Properties and Characterization of Kenaf-Filled Natural Rubber Latex Foam

Kenaf powder was incorporated with natural rubber latex (NRL) compound and foamed to make natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) by using a well known technique called the Dunlop method. Different loadings of kenaf powder were added to NRL compound and was foamed to make NRLF. The mechanical properties, density, compression, thermal, and micro-structural characterization of control NRLF and kenaf incorporated NRLF were studied. Increasing content of kenaf reduced the tensile strength, elongation at break, and compressive strength of a NRLF. Modulus at 100% elongation and density of the NRLF increased with an increase in filler loading. Higher kenaf loading indicated higher elasticity of kenaf-filled NRLF, but the recovery percentage of kenaf-filled NRLF decreased with increasing kenaf loading. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) result, an increase in the amount of kenaf loading from 1 to 7 phr increased the thermal stability of kenaf-filled NRLF. Morphological and micro-structural characterization performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that kenaf powder filled up the micro-sized pores in the open cell structure of kenaf-filled NRLF.
Quality of Life Among Older Survivors of Breast Cancer

This study investigated the relation among perceived social support, uncertainty, and quality of life in older survivors with breast cancer. Proposed hypotheses predicted a significant positive correlation between perceived social support and quality of life, and a significant negative correlation between uncertainty and quality of life. It also was hypothesized that perceived social support and uncertainty, considered together, could explain more quality-of-life variance than either variable considered independently. A sample of 103 breast cancer survivors older than 50 years completed the Social Support Questionnaire, the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale – Community Form, and the Ferrans and Powers Quality-of-Life Index – Cancer Version. Data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation, t tests, analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regression. All the hypotheses were supported. Additional findings showed significant positive correlations between age and uncertainty, and between support network size and social support. Significant negative correlations were found between age and perceived social support, and between age and size of support network. Uncertainty increased in the presence of other diseases, which were associated with poorer quality of life. The study results underscore the importance of social support in reducing illness uncertainty and improving the quality of life for older survivors of breast cancer.
Eliminating Disparities in Asthma Care: Identifying Broad Challenges in Quality Improvement

Racial disparities in asthma care persist in New York State’s Medicaid Program. African Americans with asthma experience higher rates of emergency department visits and inpatient hospitalizations, coupled with lower rates of long-term control medication use compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Within this context, and with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the New York State Department of Health designed and implemented the Eliminating Disparities in Asthma Care (EDAC) Collaborative to improve the quality of asthma care delivered in 7 provider sites located in Central Brooklyn, New York. EDAC was a partnership of the New York State Medicaid and Asthma Control Programs, 6 New York City–based managed care plans, and community-based health care providers. Over the 5-year funding period, improvements in documented asthma severity diagnosis and control classification were observed. This article describes the EDAC approach, successes, and challenges.
Adaptive integral dynamic surface control of a hypersonic flight vehicle

In this article, non-linear adaptive dynamic surface air speed and flight path angle control designs are presented for the longitudinal dynamics of a flexible hypersonic flight vehicle. The tracking performance of the control design is enhanced by introducing a novel integral term that caters to avoiding a large initial control signal. To ensure feasibility, the design scheme incorporates magnitude and rate constraints on the actuator commands. The uncertain non-linear functions are approximated by an efficient use of the neural networks to reduce the computational load. A detailed stability analysis shows that all closed-loop signals are uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking performance is guaranteed. The robustness of the design scheme is verified through numerical simulations of the flexible flight vehicle model.
Theoretical analysis of temperature sensitivity of differential gain in 1.55-μm InGaAsP-InP quantum-well lasers

We study the temperature sensitivity of the differential gain in InGaAsP-InP strained-layer (SL) quantum-well (QW) lasers operating at a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m. Electrostatic deformation in conduction-band and valence-band profiles is taken into account by solving Poisson's equation and the effective-mass equations for conduction and valence bands in a self-consistent manner. We demonstrate that electrostatic deformation in both band profiles plays a significant role in determining the temperature sensitivity of the differential gain in 1.55-/spl mu/m InGaAsP-InP SL QW lasers. The physical mechanism for limiting the differential gain at elevated temperatures is also discussed. <<ETX>>
Clinical use of the Kessler psychological distress scales with culturally diverse groups

The Kessler 10 (K10) and embedded Kessler 6 (K6) was developed to screen for non‐specific psychological distress and serious mental illness in mental health surveys of English‐speaking populations, but has been adopted in Western and non‐Western countries as a screening and outcome measure in primary care and mental health settings. This review examines whether the original K6/K10's validity for culturally diverse populations was established, and whether the cultural equivalence, and sensitivity to change of translated or culturally adapted K6/K10s, has been demonstrated with culturally diverse client groups. Evidence for the original K6/K10's validity for culturally diverse populations is limited. Questions about the conceptual and linguistic equivalence of translated/adapted K6/K10s arise from reports of changes in item connotation and differential item functioning. Evidence for structural equivalence is inconsistent, as is support for criterion equivalence, with the majority of studies compromising on accuracy in case prediction. Research demonstrating sensitivity to change with culturally diverse groups is lacking. Inconsistent evidence for the K6/K10's cultural appropriateness in clinical settings, and a lack of clinical norms for either majority or culturally diverse groups, indicate the importance of further research into the psychological distress construct with culturally diverse clients, and the need for caution in interpreting K6/K10 scores. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The distribution of inherent phosphorus in fifteen water treatment residues from South Africa

Water treatment residues (WTR), the by-products of the production of potable water, are chemically benign, inorganic materials which are suitable for disposal by land application, though they are frequently reported to have high phosphorus (P) sorption capacities. An understanding of the distribution of inherent P in WTR is, however, required, if sorption-desorption processes are to be correctly interpreted. The aim of this investigation was to characterise the chemical properties relevant to P-sorption/desorption processes of 15 South African WTR and to determine the inherent distribution of P within the WTR using a chemical fractionation procedure. The pH, exchangeable Ca and organic carbon content ranged from 4.77 to 8.37, 238 to 8 980 mg·kg-1 and 0.50 to 11.6 g·100 g-1, respectively. Dithionate, oxalate and pyrophosphate extractable Al fractions ranged from 741 to 96 375, 1 980 to 82 947 and 130 to 37 200 mg·kg-1, respectively, and dithionate, oxalate and pyrophosphate extractable Fe ranged from 441 to 15 288, 3 865 to 140 569 and 230 to 90 000 mg·kg-1, respectively. Mechanisms of P-retention are residue specific, being dependent on the chemical properties of the WTR. Elevated Ca and amorphous Al and Fe concentrations did, nevertheless, suggest that all residues had the capacity to adsorb high amounts of P and to retain this P in forms unavailable for plant uptake.