Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trust as a Process

What is trust? Should trust be used as a variable or as a process? Is trust in people similar in nature to trust in institutions? These are three main questions I address in this article. I argue that trust is a complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon, which consists of a mix of trust in strong ties, weak ties, and institutions. I explain the need for a new approach to trust, using the Soviet Union as an example. I argue that rigid distinctions in social capital theory between high-trust and low-trust societies fail to account for the complexity of trust. In this article, I view trust as a process. I also suggest a new definition of trust based on the notion of agency, which underscores the idea of temporality and incorporates the roles of the past, present, and future.
Response Surface Analysis of Photo‐Fenton Oxidation of Simazine

Removal of simazine from aqueous solution by photo‐Fenton oxidation was investigated using Box‐Behnken statistical experiment design and the response surface analysis. The effects of simazine, hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2), and iron(II) concentrations on the extent of simazine and total organic carbon (TOC) removals were investigated. Optimum reagent doses yielding the highest simazine and TOC removals were determined. The iron(II) concentration had a more pronounced effect than hydrogen peroxide on the percent simazine removal, while all parameters affected the mineralization (TOC removal) of simazine. Nearly complete removal of simazine was achieved within 6 minutes. However, complete mineralization of simazine was not achieved, even within 60 minutes at high simazine doses, indicating the formation of some intermediate products. The optimal H 2O 2/Fe(II)/simazine ratio, resulting in the maximum pesticide (100%) and TOC removal (100%), was found to be 50/30/0.5 (mg/L).
DNA methylation in haematological malignancies: the role of decitabine

Normal cell development and function is dependent upon controlled gene expression. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that can play an important role in the control of gene expression. DNA methylation at cytosine residues in gene promoter CpG sequences is known to inhibit gene transcription. Inappropriate inhibition of the transcription of tumour suppressor genes, genes that inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis and genes involved in DNA repair by uncontrolled methylation, can lead to unregulated growth and proliferation of a cell and carcinogenesis. Promoter hypermethylation affecting the p16 gene, resulting in gene silencing, has been shown to occur in many human solid tumours and a ‘hypermethylation profile’ in some leukaemias has been defined. The molecular mechanisms by which aberrant DNA methylation takes place during carcinogenesis are still not clear. However, the large number of target genes (involved in tumorigenesis) that are silenced by aberrant methylation suggests that inhibition of this process may have potential as cancer therapy. Decitabine (NSC-127716, Dacogen™; SuperGen) is a potent and specific hypomethylating agent and an inhibitor of the DNA methyltransferase activity that mediates DNA methylation. Decitabine has been shown to have a broad range of antineoplastic activity in preclinical studies . This agent has exhibited significant activity in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloid leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia, although clinical Phase I and II studies with solid tumours have not been very promising. Phase II and III studies are currently ongoing to evaluate decitabine, both alone and in combination, in various stages of these haematological malignancies.
Factors Associated with Delayed Initiation of HIV Medical Care Among Infected Persons Attending a Southern HIV/AIDS Clinic

Background: Despite the proven benefits conferred by early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis and presentation to care, delays in HIV medical care are common; these delays are not fully understood, especially in the southern United States. Methods: We evaluated the extent of, and characteristics associated with, delayed presentation to HIV care among 1,209 patients at an HIV/AIDS Outpatient Clinic in Birmingham, Alabama between 1996 and 2005. Results: Two out of five (41.2%) patients first engaged care only after they had progressed to CDC-defined AIDS. Among these, 53.6% were diagnosed with HIV in the year preceding entry to care. Recent presentation (2002 – 2005), male sex, age ≥25, Medicare or Medicaid insurance coverage, and presentation within six months of HIV diagnosis were independently associated with initiating care after progression to AIDS. Conclusions: A high proportion of patients entered clinical care after experiencing substantial disease progression. Interventions that effectively improve the timing of HIV diagnosis and presentation to care are needed.
Graft and quality of life outcomes in older recipients of a kidney transplant.

BACKGROUND It is well recognized that kidney transplants significantly improve quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This benefit is not as clearly documented for older recipients as it is for younger recipients. We looked at outcomes, both medical and psychosocial, in a group of older (> or =65 years) kidney transplant recipients and compared the results to a group of younger recipients (18 to 64 years). METHODS From 1990 through 2002, we performed 2,746 kidney transplants at our center: 2,596 (94.5%) in recipients 18 to 64 years old and 150 (5.5%) in recipients 65 years or older. In our retrospective analysis, we determined outcomes such as patient and graft survival rates. To determine whether or not older recipients had an improved health-related quality of life, we used the national SF-36 (short form) questionnaire. We compared those results with a group of younger recipients and with national age-appropriate norms. RESULTS The mean recipient age was 69.1 years in the older group vs. 42.8 years in the younger group (p < 0.001). Living donors were used in 43.3% of the transplants in the older group vs. 47.5% in the younger group (p < 0.01). At 5 years posttransplant, patient and graft survival rates were 73% and 68% in the older group vs. 86% and 79% in the younger group (p < 0.001). We analyzed the SF-36 responses for all recipients with completed forms: 42 completed forms from the older group vs. 149 from the younger group. The overall benefit to quality of life was similar for both groups. General physical health was rated slightly higher than national norms in both groups. Benefits to mental health were more pronounced in the older group. CONCLUSION Kidney transplants can be performed in older recipients with acceptable outcomes. Such recipients enjoy significant benefits to their quality of life after a transplant, similar to benefits seen in younger recipients. Older age, by itself, should not be a contraindication to a transplant.
Rehabiliation of Flexor Tendon Injuries by Use of a Combined Regimen of Modified Kleinert and Modified Duran Techniques

Çetin A, Dinçer F, Keçik A, Çetin M: Rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries by use of a combined regimen of modified Kleinert and modified Duran techniques. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001;80:721–728. Objective: Kleinert (active extension, rubber-band passive flexion) and Duran (passive extension, passive flexion) protocols are two basic types of early motion programs for rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries. Researchers have been working on various modifications or combinations of these two protocols to improve rehabilitation results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of the functional results of flexor tendon repair after a postoperative regimen of early mobilization by use of a combined regimen of modified Kleinert and modified Duran techniques. Design: Thirty-seven patients (74 digits) with repaired flexor tendon injuries were treated. Functional results of the fingers were evaluated by the Buck-Gramcko system and total active motion measurements. Results: The results were excellent in 73% of the fingers, good in 24%, fair in 1.5%, and none was rated poor. Conclusion: Our results are comparable with the previous studies that used various postoperative rehabilitation techniques. This postoperative management provides an effective way of achieving satisfactory results. Patient-assisted passive exercises are very safe and more cost effective than therapist-assisted passive exercises.
Radium and Leukemia: Is Current Dogma Valid?

Current reviews have concluded that internal 226Ra appears not to give rise to leukemia in humans, a conclusion based on incidence in U.S. female radium dial workers. In fact, leukemias have occurred significantly early in female dial workers; males occupationally exposed to radium show an excess of leukemias; and the rare erythrocytic leukemias appear in male workers as they do in Thorotrast case series. It appears more reasonable that Thorotrast data are suitable for projection of leukemogenic risk from radium and plutonium than that no concern for leukemogenic risk is warranted.
[Socioeconomic determinism of obesity in the Seine-Saint-Denis area].

OBJECTIVE Obesity is a complex multi-factorial disease. The role of socioeconomic factors is known but few studies have attempted to analyse separately the impact of the various participating factors: oncome, level of education, cultural and social status. METHOD These factors were analysed in 26,278 persons aging from 16 to 59 years, living in the district and having benefited from a medical check-up in the Seine-Saint-Denis health and social prevention centre, district particularly concerned by socio-economic insecurity. Among these persons, a representative sample of 1804 filled-in an additional questionnaire including questions on their income, level of education, marital status and the area or country of origin. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity (body mass index or BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) and overweight (MCI = 25 to 29.9 kg/m2) was respectively of 17.6 and 32.7%. Using univariate analysis, the prevalence of obesity was significantly associated with age, gender (higher in women), settled way of life, socio-professional category, low education, marital status and origin (higher in persons from Africa and North Africa). Using a logistic regression model, the risk of obesity was increased 1.45-fold in persons earning less than 838,47 euros and 1.67-fold in persons with low education. Moreover, it was 2.28-fold greater in the un-working population, 1.62-fold in the redundant and 1.5-fold in the working class, compared with the executive-freelance population. CONCLUSION The risk of obesity is therefore independently related to cultural, economic and social parameters.
Influence of gender and English proficiency on Facebook mobile adoption

This study aims to empirically examine the influence of gender and English proficiency on Facebook Mobile (FbM) adoption from the Malaysian perspective. Questionnaire was administered to 400 undergraduates in a Malaysian private university. The results showed that there is a significant gender difference in Photographs and Status Updates. Positive correlations also exist between English proficiency and Social Connection, Shared Identities, Photographs and Content. Outcomes from the study have given direct or indirect implications to mobile communication manufacturers and service providers, mobile social networking researchers, photographs industry players and the society as a whole.
Retinal vein occlusion: long-term prospects: 10 years' follow-up of 143 patients.

Between the years I960 and i965, 226 patients were referred to the Medical Ophthalmology Clinic of the Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital with the diagnosis of retinal vein occlusion. The first I20 consecutive patients were reported upon in I 964 in a paper on the pathogenesis of the condition (Paton, Rubinstein, and Smith, I964). It was then decided to review the patients in IO years' time in order to assess their long-term prospects regarding life expectancy, further morbidity, late ocular changes, and visual prognosis.
Questioning the conventional wisdom: culture-knowledge management relationships

Purpose – The aim of the paper is to provide a framework to enable firms and researchers to better understand and to test for the impact of various levels of culture on knowledge management practice and success.Design/methodology/approach – The paper questions the conventional wisdom that culture is a critical antecedent of KM success under all circumstances.Findings – A conceptual framework that can be used by a firm to address culture‐KM relationship issues or by researchers to study them more rigorously is developed.Practical implication – The measures presented here may be employed by firms, without sophisticated statistical analyses, to address issues of culture‐KM relationships.Originality/value – The paper questions the conventional wisdom and develops an approach that may be used to test it.
Prevention of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE Existing guidelines and systematic reviews lack clear recommendations for prevention of low back pain (LBP). OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of interventions for prevention of LBP. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to November 22, 2014. STUDY SELECTION Randomized clinical trials of prevention strategies for nonspecific LBP. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale was used to evaluate the risk-of-bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to describe the quality of evidence. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measure was an episode of LBP, and the secondary outcome measure was an episode of sick leave associated with LBP. We calculated relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs using random-effects models. RESULTS The literature search identified 6133 potentially eligible studies; of these, 23 published reports (on 21 different randomized clinical trials including 30,850 unique participants) met the inclusion criteria. With results presented as RRs (95% CIs), there was moderate-quality evidence that exercise combined with education reduces the risk of an episode of LBP (0.55 [0.41-0.74]) and low-quality evidence of no effect on sick leave (0.74 [0.44-1.26]). Low- to very low-quality evidence suggested that exercise alone may reduce the risk of both an LBP episode (0.65 [0.50-0.86]) and use of sick leave (0.22 [0.06-0.76]). For education alone, there was moderate- to very low-quality evidence of no effect on LBP (1.03 [0.83-1.27]) or sick leave (0.87 [0.47-1.60]). There was low- to very low-quality evidence that back belts do not reduce the risk of LBP episodes (1.01 [0.71-1.44]) or sick leave (0.87 [0.47-1.60]). There was low-quality evidence of no protective effect of shoe insoles on LBP (1.01 [0.74-1.40]). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The current evidence suggests that exercise alone or in combination with education is effective for preventing LBP. Other interventions, including education alone, back belts, and shoe insoles, do not appear to prevent LBP. Whether education, training, or ergonomic adjustments prevent sick leave is uncertain because the quality of evidence is low.
A study on analogies used in new ninth grade biology textbook

Analogies have many advantages for students such as concretizing abstract concepts and enabling motivation. Analogies are frequently used in textbooks. Research shows that the analogies in textbooks are not used based on certain directives and sometimes lead to misconceptions for students. Therefore, analysing the analogies in textbooks on several dimensions will contribute to students and teachers. The purpose of this study is to analyse the types of analogies that are used in new ninth grade biology textbooks and examine how these analogies are structured and
Positive margins following surgical resection of breast carcinoma: Analysis of pathologic correlates

Histologic margin positivity represents a significant source of adverse clinical outcome affecting breast conservation therapy for in situ or invasive malignancy. Elucidation of factors associated with positive margin status might clarify and improve local therapy strategies. In order to define our experience with margin positivity and to identify relevant pathologic criteria, we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 143 patients who underwent resections for carcinoma with intent of breast conservation between 1995 and 1999.
Clinical course and prognostic factors in acute low back pain: an inception cohort study in primary care practice

Abstract Objective : To describe the natural course of recent acute low back pain in terms of both morbidity (pain, disability) and absenteeism from work and to evaluate the prognostic factors for these outcomes. Design : Inception cohort study. Setting : Primary care. Patients : 103 patients with acute localised non-specific back pain lasting less than 72 hours. Main outcome measures : Complete recovery (disappearance of both pain and disability) and return to work. Results : 90% of patients recovered within two weeks and only two developed chronic low back pain. Only 49 of 100 patients for whom data were available had bed rest and 40% of 75 employed patients lost no time from work. Proportional hazards regression analysis showed that previous chronic episodes of low back pain, initial disability level,initial pain worse when standing, initial pain worse when lying, and compensation status were significantly associated with delayed episode recovery.These factors were also related to abseteeism from work. Absenteeism from work was also influenced by job satisfaction and gender. Conclusions : The recovery rate from acute low back pain was much higher than reported in other studies. Those studies, however, did not investigate groups of patients enrolled shortly after the onset of symptoms and often mixed acute low back pain patients with patients with exacerbations of chronic pain or sciatica. Several sociodemographic and clinical factors were of prognostic value in acute low back pain. Factors which incluenced the outcome in terms of episode recovery (mainly physical severity factors) were only partly predictive of absenteeism from work. Time off work and return to work depended more on sociodemographic and job related incluences.
Prediction of lymphovascular invasion in rectal cancer by preoperative CT.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the diameter of superior hemorrhoidal vein on preoperative CT can predict the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study recruited 102 patients with treatment-naive rectal cancers. The diameters of superior hemorrhoidal vein and inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) on pretreatment CT and postoperative pathologic reports were reviewed. Univariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were applied to determine the correlation between clinical factors and pathologic features and the diameters of superior hemorrhoidal vein and IMV. RESULTS The diameter of superior hemorrhoidal vein was significantly higher in patients with LVI than in those without (mean diameter, 44 vs 30 mm, respectively; p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in patients with distant metastases than in those without (p = 0.044). There was no significant difference between IMV diameter in LVI and that in distant metastasis (p = 0.521). CONCLUSION Patients having rectal cancers with LVI showed a significantly increased mean superior hemorrhoidal vein diameter at presentation, which could be identified with pretreatment CT and help to direct the application of neoadjuvant treatment strategies.
The Nursing Outcomes Classification: Its Relevance to School Nursing

Two surveys were conducted to determine school nurses’ perceptions of the relevance of 190 outcomes developed by the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) research team to school nursing practice. First, a national random survey of members of the National Association of School Nurses was conducted. Participants were asked to identify the percentage of children and families for whom school nurses affect health outcomes. Usable responses were returned from 227 school nurses (22% response rate). Ninety outcomes were perceived as relevant for 30% or more of children and families; 8 outcomes were perceived as relevant for 50% or more of children and families. A second survey—targeting state representatives attending a school nursing leadership meeting—was conducted using a revised version of the instrument. The legend was changed to degree of relevance to school nursing practice, with a response scale of 0 to 10. Usable responses were returned from 31 state representatives (41% response rate). The means of 172 of 190 outcomes were above 5 (median point on the 10-point scale of relevance). The findings of both surveys indicate that a large number of NOC outcomes are useful for documentation of the effectiveness of nursing interventions in school settings.
MRI enhancement predicting fibroid volume reduction to uterine artery embolization

Objectives: Fibroid non-enhancement is considered a relative contraindication to uterine artery embolization (UAE) for symptomatic fibroids. The purpose was to assess the impact of UAE on non-enhancing fibroids and to determine imaging predictors of fibroid shrinkage. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of all women who underwent UAE for symptomatic fibroids (5/09-7/14) and had follow-up MRI 6 months after UAE were included. There were 59 fibroids (5, non-enhancing; 54, enhancing) among 18 women with a mean age of 46 (range 40-53) years. All fibroids were assessed for size, position, enhancement on subtraction images, and Apparent Diffusion Constant (ADC). Results: Enhancing fibroids had an average decrease in diameter by 19± 3%, not significantly different that non-enhancing fibroids which decreased by 23± 6% (p=0.49). Multiple linear regression with percent change in fibroid diameter as the dependent variable and patient age, fibroid position, and pre-UAE fibroid diameter, enhancement, and ADC as independent variables, showed that ADC (p=0.04) and pre-UAE diameter (p=0.03) were the only significant independent variables. Conclusion: Pre-UAE size and ADC, but not contrast enhancement, predicted fibroid diameter reduction. Enhancing and non-enhancing fibroids had similar size reduction after UAE. Non-enhancement should not be considered a contraindication to UAE. Correspondence to: Amy Deipolyi, MD, PhD, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, E-mail: deipolyia@mskcc.org
A code of ethics for social work and social care research.

This Critical Commentary is the final product of the Economic and Social Research Council sponsored seminar series, Theorising Social Work Research to appear in the BJSW. The special edition of the British Journal of Social Work published in August 2000 carried several key papers arising from the seminar series as well as reports of some of the events themselves. The responsibility for drafting the Code of Ethics for Social Work and Social Care Research fell to me and although discussed at the Luton Seminar and at the final conference in Manchester, the text presented here is much as it first appeared. This is simply to reaffirm that it has no particular status and is reproduced in the Journal as a prompt to further discussion, precisely the purpose it was to serve for the seminar series. Before reproducing the Code, it might be helpful to revisit some of the main points which were raised in the paper presented at the Luton Seminar which set the context for the Code (Butler, 2000).