Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the relationship between number of publications during orthopaedic residency and selection of an academic career?

BACKGROUND Although many residents partake in academic pursuits, including the publication of clinical studies, laboratory research, case reports, and review articles, it is uncertain whether such experiences are associated with a career-long interest in an academic orthopaedic career. METHODS This single-institution study was conducted with use of data from an urban academic university-based residency program. An academic career was defined as attainment of a teaching title signifying inclusion in, or affiliation with, a teaching department. Additionally, an academic career was subclassified as either full academic or semi-academic on the basis of employment characteristics. A PubMed search was conducted for publications by all 130 orthopaedic surgery residents who began their training in our residency program during the 1987-1988 through 2003-2004 academic years. An analysis was performed to determine whether the number or type of publications during residency or demographic variables were associated with selection of an academic career on completion of training. RESULTS The mean total number of publications during residency was greater for individuals who chose an academic career (4.8) than for those who chose a nonacademic career (2.4). When the year of residency graduation was considered, a greater number of publications during residency correlated with a more recent year of graduation in residents who selected an academic position. There were no differences with regard to sex, possession of advanced degrees, or completion of an additional research year between individuals who selected an academic compared with a nonacademic career. CONCLUSIONS Graduates of our orthopaedic residency program who pursued an academic career were likely to have published more articles during residency compared with their nonacademic peers.
ABVD alone and a PET scan complete remission negates the need for radiologic surveillance in early‐stage, nonbulky Hodgkin lymphoma

Patients with early‐stage, nonbulky classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) undergo intensive posttreatment radiologic surveillance despite having a low risk of disease recurrence. The current study attempted to evaluate the risk of disease recurrence and the value of radiologic surveillance in patients treated with the combination of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) alone who achieved a complete remission (CR) as noted on posttreatment positron emission tomography (PET).
Topical Therapies for Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic and recurring inflammatory condition of the skin that affects approximately 2% of the western population (Nestle et al., 2009). The most common form is plaque type psoriasis, the treatment of which is the focus of this chapter. Patients with psoriasis often present with scaly, painful and disfiguring skin lesions (Nestle et al., 2009). Although, it is seldom life-threatening, psoriasis is associated with a high degree of morbidity patients are embarrassed about the appearance of their skin. There are significant psychosocial issues affecting these patients, often they experience social isolation, stigmatization, alcoholism and depression. In addition, patients with psoriasis, like those with other major medical disorders, have reduced levels of employment and income as well as a decreased quality of life (Horn et al., 2007). The combined costs of long-term therapy and social costs of the disease have a major impact on healthcare systems and on society in general. There are several co-morbidities that have been linked to psoriasis and it has been hypothesized that psoriasis as a disease has important systemic manifestations (Nestle et al., 2009). The shared conditions include the metabolic syndrome, depression, and cancer. Psoriasis can also occur in association with inflammatory bowel disease (Wolf et al., 2008), diabetes mellitus (Wolf et al., 2008) and HIV infection (Maurer, 2005). Although cases have been reported, it is unclear whether cancer particularly lymphoma and skin cancer, is related to psoriasis or the long term consequences of its treatment (Gelfand et al., 2006a). The relationship between psoriasis and the risk of cardiovascular disease is of emerging significance (Gelfand et al., 2006b). While patients with mild psoriasis appears to be in no excess risk, the moderate and severe form of the disease is associated with an increase in frequency of myocardial infarction and an increase in mortality, in large part because of cardiovascular events (Gelfand et al., 2006b). If confirmed, these findings would have major implications for future preventive and therapeutic strategies. Further, it is estimated that a significant population of juvenile guttate psoriasis cases are preceded by streptococcal infections (Campalani & Barker, 2005).
Psychological Empowerment: The Influence on Organizational Commitment Among Employees in the Construction Sector

This research aims to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment among employees in the construction sector in Kota Kinabalu area. Psychological empowerment dimensions namely meaning, competence, self-determination and impact are the independent variables. The dependent variable is the organizational commitment. Moderating variables consist of education level and length of service. Each of these dimensions was tested to see its relationship with the organizational commitment. The objectives of this study are, firstly, to measure the level of psychological empowerment and organizational commitment among the respondents; secondly, to examine the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable; and thirdly, to investigate whether the education level and length of service moderate the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment. Questionnaires were distributed to 171 employees from various backgrounds and positions working in the construction sector in Kota Kinabalu. The questionnaire for psychological empowerment was adapted from Spreitzer (1995) and for organizational commitment the questionnaire developed by Mowday, Steers and Porter (1979) had been used. Twelve hypotheses were developed and tested using regression analysis assisted by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 15.0. The findings indicate that when the construction employees feel empowered by giving them autonomy, freedom and opportunity in determining how they do their job, they will be more committed to their organization and put the best effort to ensure the sustainability of the organization. In addition, if the employees are directly involved in outcomes that affect the organization and the more the individuals are involved in decision making, the more committed they would be to their organization. The research findings show that education level and length of service did not significantly moderate the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment. The implications of each variables and further suggestions for future research are identified and proposed.
Diptera of Medico-Legal Importance Associated With Pig Carrion in a Tropical Dry Forest

Abstract The diversity of necrophagous Diptera is largely unknown in seasonally dry tropical forests, despite their medical, veterinary, and forensic relevance. We performed a study in the dry Caatinga forest exclusive to Brazil in order to assess the diversity and temporal pattern of Diptera species using pig carcasses as substrates. Adults were collected daily until complete skeletonization. We collected 17,142 adults from 18 families, 10 of which comprise species with known necrophagous habits. The most abundant families were Calliphoridae (47.3% of specimens), Sarcophagidae (20.8%), and Muscidae (15.5%), whereas Sarcophagidae stood out in terms of richness with 21 species. The native Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and the invasive Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedmann) (Calliphoridae) were the dominant species. A total of 18 species reached the carcass during the first 48 h postdeath. The bloated and active decay stages had the highest richness and abundance of dipterans. From a forensic standpoint, C. macellaria and C. albiceps are likely to aid in establishing postmortem interval due to their early arrival and high abundance on the carcass. Despite harsh environmental conditions, the Caatinga harbors a rich assemblage of dipterans that play a key role in carrion decomposition. Their medico-veterinary importance is strengthened by the poor local sanitary conditions.
Clinical trial simulation of docetaxel in patients with cancer as a tool for dosage optimization

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses conducted during the development of docetaxel showed that patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer with high baseline α1‐acid glycoprotein levels had shorter time to progression and time to death. To assess whether such patients might benefit from dose intensification, we initiated a series of clinical trial simulations.
Use of O-Antigen Gene Cluster-Specific PCRs for the Identification and O-Genotyping of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis

ABSTRACT Yersinia pestis is a very recently evolved clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1b. This close relationship causes potential difficulties in DNA-based diagnostic methods. Analysis of the O-antigen gene clusters in these two organisms identified two regions that were used to specifically identify Y. pestis-Y. pseudotuberculosis as a group or Y. pestis alone. Both PCR assays were found to be 100% specific when tested on a large collection of Yersinia species and other Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, advantage was taken of the different setups of the O-antigen gene clusters of the 21 known Y. pseudotuberculosis serotypes to develop a multiplex PCR assay to replace the conventional serotyping method of Y. pseudotuberculosis by O-genotyping. The multiplex PCR assay contained nine sets of specific PCRs in a single tube and when used on Y. pseudotuberculosis reference strains allowed the distinction of 14 individual serotypes and two duplex serotypes (O:4a-O:8 and O:12-O:13). Serotype O:7, O:9, and O:10 strains required additional PCRs for O-genotyping. Once applied to Y. pseudotuberculosis strains of various origins, a very good correlation between classical serotypes and O-genotypes was observed, although some discrepancies were found. O-genotyping also proved useful to correct misidentification of some strains and to type Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates that had lost the expression of the O-antigen. The PCR-based O-genotyping can easily be applied in conventional laboratories, without the need for tedious preparation of a large set of specific antisera.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from environmental (pigeon excreta) and clinical sources in New York City

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of environmental (pigeon excreta) and clinical Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans isolates in a limited geographic area distinguished 6 strains among 8 environmental isolates and 12 strains among 17 clinical isolates. Clusters of patients with three strains types accounted for 47% of clinical isolates. Despite this diversity, two strains were shared by environmental and clinical isolates.
Diagnosed and living with fibromuscular dysplasia: A qualitative inquiry

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a vascular disorder about which little has been known until recently. Patients with FMD may suffer from hypertension, aneurysms, or strokes, as well as symptoms associated with local artery damage. As a result of advances in vascular medicine and growing outcomes registries, we now have a better understanding of the FMD disease process and epidemiology. Nevertheless, the consequences of FMD on patients’ day-to-day experiences and mental health status are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to begin to identify and characterize the experiences of living with FMD from the perspective of the patient using qualitative inquiry. Interviews with 19 FMD patients (18 female, 1 male) were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and content analyzed. Individuals with FMD reported a complex array of psychological, physical, emotional, social, and health care concerns, which may be underdiagnosed. Findings suggest new opportunities for enhancing patient care.
Evaluation of a hand-held blood gas analyzer for rapid determination of blood gases, electrolytes and metabolites in intensive care setting

Abstract Background: Intensive care units, operating rooms, emergency departments, and neonatology units need rapid measurements of blood gases, electrolytes, and metabolites. These analyses can be performed in a central laboratory or at the clinic with traditional or compact cassette-type blood gas analyzers such as the epoc blood gas testing system for analyzing whole blood samples at the bedside. In this study, the performance and interchangeability of a hand-held epoc blood gas analyzer was evaluated. Methods: The analytical performance of the epoc analyzer was evaluated by determining within-and between-run precisions. The accuracy of the epoc analyzer was assessed by comparing patient results from the device with those obtained with the Siemens Rapidlab 1265 and Rapidpoint RP500 and Siemens Dimension Vista and Sysmex XE-2100 analyzers. The following parameters were measured: pH, pCO2, pO2, Hb (calc), Na+, K+, iCa2+, glucose, and lactate. Results: The CV% of the epoc’s between-day imprecision for the various parameters varied from 0.4 to 8.6. The within-run imprecision CV% varied from 0.6 to 5.2. The squared regression coefficient (R2) between the epoc and RL1265 varied from 0.94 to 0.99, with the exception of Na+ and Ca2+ (R2≥0.82). The correlation (R2) of Na+ and K+ between epoc and Dimension Vista was 0.73 and 0.89, respectively. The correlation (R2) of Hb between the epoc and the XE-2100 analyzer was 0.94. Conclusions: With most of the measured blood gas parameters, the epoc analyzer correlated well with reference techniques. The epoc analyzer is suitable for rapid measurement of the blood gases, the electrolytes, and the metabolites in the ICU.
Social Aspects of Suicidal Behavior and Prevention in Early Life: A Review

Purpose: The present review summarizes the updated literature on the social aspects of suicidal behavior and prevention in adolescents. Recent findings: The predictive role of psychiatric disorders and past history are well recognized in adolescent suicide, but the role of social and cultural factors is less clear. Studies have focused on the importance of ethnicity, gender, family characteristics, and socioeconomic status. More recently, attention has been addressed to broader social risk factors, such as bullying in adolescents, suicide contagion, sexual orientation, and the popular media. Further empirical evidence is needed to advance our understanding of suicidal youth, develop better assessment tools, and formulate effective prevention and treatment programs. Summary: Suicidal behavior remains an important clinical problem and major cause of death in youth. Social factors may be at least as important as genetics. Advancing our understanding of underlying cultural and sociological issues in youth suicide will help clinicians achieve more efficient prediction, prevention and treatment.
Early Response Monitoring with 18F-FDG PET and Cetuximab-F(ab′)2-SPECT After Radiotherapy of Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in a Mouse Model

Only a subset of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) benefit from radiotherapy and concurrent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy with cetuximab, indicating the need for patient selection. The aim of this study was to visualize the change in systemically accessible EGFR with 111In-cetuximab-F(ab′)2 SPECT before and after radiotherapy, while simultaneously evaluating 18F-FDG PET uptake. Methods: Mice with HNSCC xenografts, cetuximab-sensitive SCCNij202 and cetuximab-resistant SCCNij167, were imaged with SPECT/CT using 111In-cetuximab-F(ab′)2 as a tracer, directly followed by PET imaging with 18F-FDG. Scans were acquired 7 d before radiotherapy (10 Gy) and 1, 7, and 14 d after treatment. Intratumoral localization of 111In-cetuximab-F(ab′)2 was evaluated by autoradiography and histologic markers evaluated by immunofluorescence staining in the same tumor sections. Results: Growth of irradiated SCCNij202 and SCCNij167 tumors was significantly delayed, compared with controls (P < 0.05). No changes in uptake of 18F-FDG were observed in either of the xenografts after radiotherapy. SPECT images of tumor-bearing mice showed a significant increase in uptake of 111In-cetuximab-F(ab′)2 in the SCCNij202 tumors after irradiation (tumor-to-liver ratio, 4.3 ± 1.1 vs. 10.5 ± 3.3, 7 d before and 14 d after treatment, respectively, P < 0.01) but not in SCCNij167 tumors. Immunohistochemical EGFR staining showed a translocation of the EGFR from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane in irradiated SCCNij202 xenografts. Intratumoral distribution of 111In-cetuximab-F(ab′)2 as determined by autoradiography correlated well with the distribution of EGFR as determined immunohistochemically (r = 0.85; range, 0.69–0.95). Conclusion: EGFR accessibility can be visualized with 111In-cetuximab-F(ab′)2. 111In-cetuximab-F(ab′)2 uptake increased after irradiation only in cetuximab-sensitive SCCNij202 xenografts, implying that the tracer can be used to measure irradiation-induced changes of EGFR expression and can monitor the compensatory response of tumors to radiotherapy.
ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL, CUIDADO E GÊNERO: PERCEPÇÕES DE HOMENS E MULHERES DA ZONA NOROESTE DE SANTOS-SP

Este trabalho analisou a percepcao de saude e alimentacao saudavel, bem como as dinâmicas relacionadas a alimentacao, em homens e mulheres de regiao de elevada vulnerabilidade. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo com entrevistas semiestruturadas com adultos residentes na area de abrangencia de uma unidade de Saude da Familia. Os relatos sobre as concepcoes de saude foram heterogeneos, e os entrevistados definiram saude como ausencia de doenca, estresse e problemas na vida; habitos e estilo de vida saudaveis. Em relacao a alimentacao saudavel, a maioria das pessoas a associou ao consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, enquanto a ingestao de gordura e acucar foi considerada inadequada. Ha poucas diferencas entre os relatos de homens e mulheres quanto a percepcao sobre saude e alimentacao saudavel; entretanto, quando se trata das dinâmicas alimentares, o homem aparece como protagonista apenas em celebracoes, para ajudar a mulher ou quando sente vontade de cozinhar algo diferente. Em alguns casos, aos homens cabe ofertar recursos para aquisicao dos alimentos, reforcando seu papel tradicional de provedor e a responsabilidade feminina de cuidar da alimentacao da familia. A vulnerabilidade do territorio nao apareceu nos discursos como um fator que influencia a percepcao de saude e alimentacao saudavel. Diante da predominância de acoes de saude pautadas na reducao de riscos e na normatizacao de corpos e estilos de vida, as diferencas entre homens e mulheres em relacao a percepcao sobre saude e alimentacao saudavel colocam a categoria “genero” como relevante no cuidado em saude na contemporaneidade. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016. 22334
Plasmodium Parasitaemia And Blood Groups Among Blood Donors In University Of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital , Nigeria .

Malaria is a common transfusion-transmissible infection. There has been growing evidence that ABO blood group antigens influence susceptibility and resistance to parasitaemia. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of parasitaemia in blood donors and the association between blood group antigens and parasitaemia. Malaria parasitaemia was determined by microscopy of Giemsastained thick and thin blood smears made from donor samples. The blood group of donors was also determined by direct slide method. A total of 200 blood donors were recruited for the study, 67.50% (135/200) of them were positive for malaria parasitaemia. The prevalence of parasitaemia was proportionately higher among female donors and donors ≤ 25years of age (P-value=0.001). Most of the blood donors were of blood group O Rh positive; however parasitaemia was significantly more in donors who were B Rh positive and O Rh negative. Donors with blood group O Rh positive had a higher parasite density compared to the donors with other blood groups. Findings from this study indicate that the prevalence of parasitaemia in blood donors is unacceptably high and persons with blood group B Rh positive and O Rh negative are more susceptible to malaria parasitaemia. However, further study is necessary to establish the influence of blood group antigens on malaria Parasitaemia.
Mammography diffusion and trends in late-stage breast cancer: evaluating outcomes in a population.

The purpose of this study was to assess mammography diffusion in a population offered an organized breast cancer screening program, using intervals of 1-3 years, and to evaluate its effect on the late-stage cancer (tumors > or = 3 cm2) rates compared to rates in the surrounding community. We measured "ever-use" of mammography (1986-1992) among women enrollees of a consumer-controlled health care organization (n > or = 60,000/year; ages > or = 40), Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound (GHC). Among these same women and the surrounding community (n = > or = 745,000/year), we measured late-stage cancer rates. Using unconditional logistic regression, we compared annual rates of ever-use among GHC women ages 40-49 and > or = 50 (1986-1992) and late-stage breast cancer (1983/84-1991/92) among all women. Among all GHC women ages 40 to 49, and 50 years of age and older, 67.4 and 82.8%, respectively, ever-used mammography by 1992. By 1992, approximately one-third of the mammograms among GHC women occurred in each of the three previous years. The rate of late-stage tumors declined significantly in the GHC and non-GHC populations among women 50 years of age and older (P < 0.001) but not among women ages 40 to 49. In conclusion, implementing a system of automated reminders was not sufficient to maximize mammography use in a population. Reductions in late-stage disease occurred among women ages > or = 50, even when regular" was not synonymous with "annual. "
Increasing the operating range of permanent magnet synchronous motors by switching the winding configurations

This paper presents a holistic approach to determine the effect of online reconfiguration of the motor winding of a synchronous permanent magnet motor resulting in switching the number of turns. The analysis is based on a parameter plane, which predicts the behavior of synchronous machine designs by using only two normalized parameters, the permanent magnet flux linkage and the ratio of the quadrature axis inductance Lq to the direct axis inductance Ld. This enables a fast and reliable evaluation of all alternate winding configurations under given constraints. By generating a Pareto front, superior switching configurations can be identified. An exemplary configurable winding machine — implemented in a finite element analysis (FEA) — shows a significant improvement with respect to maximum torque (increase by 20.3%) and usable torque-speed operating range (increase by 5.5%) compared to the best fixed-winding configuration. The contribution demonstrates that this approach is not only applicable for permanent magnet synchronous motors but also for synchronous reluctance, electrically excited synchronous and induction motors.