Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proactive-Reactive Surgery Scheduling under Disruptions and the “ To-Follow ” Policy

Surgery schedules are subject to disruptions due to duration uncertainty, patient punctuality, surgery cancellation, surgical emergencies and recovery resource availability. Such disruptions may result in inefficient utilization of medical resources, suboptimal patient care and patient and staff dissatisfaction. To alleviate these issues, we propose a proactive-reactive surgery scheduling method for a surgical suite with multiple operating rooms (ORs) and a shared post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). A surgical schedule considering possible disruptions is constructed prior to the day of surgery, and then adjusted dynamically in response to disruptions on the day of surgery. The proposed method is based on stochastic optimization and a samplegradient descent algorithm. In addition, the “to-follow” scheduling policy, which is widely used in practice, is considered in this study. This differs from previous surgical scheduling studies which assume no surgery can start before its scheduled start time. Our objective is to minimize the expected penalty incurred from patient waiting time, surgeon idle time, OR blocking time, OR overtime and PACU overtime. The proposed method finds near-optimal solutions and outperforms the scheduling method commonly used in practice. Managerial insights are provided on the “to-follow” policy and on the arrival time of patients.
Number 4 Ecosystem Simulation Models of Scotland ’ s West Coast and Sea Lochs Fisheries

2 PREFACE . 3 MODEL STRUCTURE AND BALANCING, Lyne Morissette and Tony Pitcher.5 Abstract.5 Introduction.5 The Ecopath model.7 Model period and data sources . 7 Species description . 8 MODELLING SCOTLAND’S WEST COAST FISHERIES, Tony Pitcher, Shona Magill and Lyne Morissette.25 Abstract.25 Introduction.25 Fleets and data sources.25 MODEL CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE, Lyne Morissette and Tony Pitcher. 30 Abstract. 30 Introduction. 30 Main species, main prey . 31 Predation and other mortality.32 Mixed trophic impacts.33 Comparison with the English Channel model . 37 Model ‘Pedigree’ . 39 Uncertainty in the model. 40 DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS WITH ECOSIM, Cameron Ainsworth . 42 Abstract.42 Introduction.42 Feeding Time Adjustment . 42 Equilibrium analysis.43 Testing biomass dynamics.43 SPATIAL SIMULATIONS WITH ECOSPACE, Tony Pitcher . 47 Abstract.47 Introduction . 47 Habitats . 47 Spatial parameters for the model organisms and fisheries . 50 Demonstration Ecospace Results . 52 MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION, Nigel Haggan and Tony Pitcher . 54 Abstract. 54 Introduction . 54 Discussion. 54 Next Steps. 55 Model development . 55 Back to the Future on the West coast of Scotland . 56 Essential Fish Habitat / Sustainable Marine Bioresources . 56 Artificial reef colonisation. 56 Sandeel/forage fish links with seabird breeding success . 57 Impact of salmon and mussel farms on sea lochs. 57 Sealice emulation model using Ecosim. 57 Loch Etive a unique repository of biodiversity . 57 Nutrient loading, point source pollution . 57 Ecotrace for Sellafield waste plume / Dounreay decommissioning . 57 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 58 REFERENCES . 59 APPENDIX 1. Ecopath Diet Matrix.64 APPENDIX 2. Prey-predator vulnerability settings . 67 Fisheries Centre Research Reports 13(4) Sponsored by the Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Scotland 67 pages © Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2005 FISHERIES CENTRE RESEARCH REPORTS ARE ABSTRACTED IN THE FAO AQUATIC SCIENCES AND FISHERIES ABSTRACTS (ASFA) ISSN 1198-6727 Fisheries Centre Research Reports 13(4), 2005 1
Gender differences in wheelchair marathon performance amp ; ndash ; Oita International Wheelchair Marathon from 1983 to 2011

Background: The purpose of the study was (1) to examine the changes in participation and performance of males and females at the Oita International Wheelchair Marathon in Oita, Japan, between 1983 and 2011, and (2) to analyze the gender difference in the age of peak wheelchair marathon performance. Methods: Age and time performance data for all wheelchair athletes completing the Oita International Wheelchair Marathon from 1983 to 2011 were analyzed. Results: Mean annual number of finishers was 123 ± 43 for males and 6 ± 3 for females (5.0% ± 2.0% of all finishers), respectively. Mean age of overall finishers was significantly (P = 0.026) greater for males (41.3 ± 1.8 years) compared to females (32.7 ± 1.4 years). In contrast, there was no difference in the mean age of the top three overall finishers between males (35.8 ± 3.2 years) and females (31.6 ± 1.5 years). The race time of the top three overall finishers was significantly lower (P < 0.01) for males (1:34 ± 0:11 hours:minutes) compared to females (1:59 ± 0:20 hours:minutes), but it was not significantly different between male (2:06 ± 0:12 hours:minutes) and female (2:12 ± 0:18 hours:minutes) overall finishers. The mean gender difference in time was 26.1% ± 9.7% for the top three overall finishers. Conclusion: Further studies are required to investigate the reasons for the low participation of females in wheelchair marathons and why the gender difference in marathon performance is much greater for disabled athletes than for able-bodied athletes. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S37819 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-67306 Originally published at: Knechtle, Beat; Lepers, Romuald; Stapley, P (2012). Gender differences in wheelchair marathon performance amp;ndash; Oita International Wheelchair Marathon from 1983 to 2011. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine:169-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S37819
What's to Know? Puzzles in the Literature on the Value of Statistical Life

Notwithstanding the general acceptance of the value of statistical life (VSL) estimates for policy assessment purposes, several important unresolved issues remain. First, the results from revealed preference studies are systematically higher than those from stated preference studies, potentially limiting the usefulness of stated preference studies in generalizing the VSL estimates to different populations and kinds of risks. Second, extrapolating the results of meta-analyses to project the VSL for different population groups requires that such generalization be reflective of the underlying economic content of what average VSL estimates reflect. Third, government agencies within and across countries place differing emphasis on types of VSL studies as well as differing reliance on individual studies versus meta-analyses. Usually, there is no justification provided for the chosen approach.
PHOTOCATALYTIC OZONATION FOR THE DEGRADATION OF TETRADIFON PESTICIDE ON Mn / TIO 2 UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT

The photocatalytic activity of Mn doped TiO2 for the ozonation of tetradifon pesticide in aqueous solution was studied. Various loadings of catalysts Mn/TiO2 (1%, 2.5% and 5%) was prepared and characterized by standard analytical techniques. Photocatalyzed ozonation with 2.5% Mn/TiO2 yielded 100% degradation and mineralization of tetradifon in 2.0 h under basic pH conditions. The extent of degradation of tetradifon pesticide and its mineralization were confirmed by GC-MS. For 10 mg/L of tetradifon, 0.1 g L of catalyst was found to be the optimum for effective mineralisation. The reused experiment confirmed that Mn/TiO2 kept a good photocatalytic activity and stability, and it was a promising heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst is fully recoverable and reusable multiple times with no loss of activity.
Evaluation of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) in treatment of diabetic macular edema

1 Professor of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Isfahan, Iran. 2 Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Isfahan, Iran. 3 Resident of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research Center And Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Isfahan, Iran.
Investigation of recurrent neural networks in the field of sentiment analysis

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are popular deep learning architectures used in Natural Language Processing for analyzing sentiments in sentences. The recurrent nature of these networks enable them to use information from previous time steps. In this paper, we analyze the performance of three RNNs namely vanilla RNNs, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). Both unidirectional and bidirectional nature of these networks are considered. Pre-trained word vectors from the Google News dataset are used. We evaluate the performance of these networks on the Amazon health product reviews dataset and sentiment analysis benchmark datasets SST-1 and SST-2.
Prophylactic Use of Fisetin in Thioglycollate-Induced Peritonitis in Mice

Infectious or non-infectious peritonitis leads to systemic inflammation due to violation of the peritoneum which is often fatal. Fisetin, a flavonol compound, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and neuro-protective effects. It was used in a murine model of thioglycollate (TG)- induced aseptic peritonitis to investigate its anti- inflammatory effects, and on RAW macrophage cells. In this study, peritonitis was induced in C57BL/6J mice using thioglycollate, and anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin, was assessed prophylactically. In in vitro study, cells treated with inflammatory agents like bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) lose their viability and proliferative capacity. Fisetin has been shown to prevent the loss of viability when given prophylactically. In in vivo model, total cell recruitment was found to increase with TG, showing that it has induced inflammation. Interestingly cell recruitment was successfully inhibited by fisetin. The differential count of peripheral blood, treated only with TG, shows an increase in the polymorpho-nuclear (PMN) cell count, as compared to control. On treatment with Fisetin, PMN number decreases. Concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in intestine has increased 1.90 fold after 3 hours (p<0.05) and 1.24 fold after 24 hours (p<0.05), after treatment with TG as compared to control. NO concentration has decreased 1.28 fold after 3 hours (p<0.05) and 2.15 fold after 24 hours (p<0.05) with fisetin treatment, compared to only TG. Concentration of ascorbic acid in peritoneal fluid has increased 1.06 fold after 3 hours, 1.02 fold after 9 hours and 1.05 fold after 24 hours, on treatment with only TG, as compared to control. The ascorbic acid (ASA) concentration increases significantly (p<0.05) after treatment with fisetin, compared to only TG, after 3 hours (1.38 fold), 9 hours (1.44 fold) and 24 hours (2.19 fold). In conclusion, we found that fisetin had a positive prophylactic effect against peritonitis in mice.
Delineation of Debris-Covered Glaciers Based on a Combination of Geomorphometric Parameters and a TIR/NIR/SWIR Band Ratio

Accurate mapping of glaciers is important for the management of water resources, studying glacier mass-balance, and monitoring glacier health. However, many glaciers are partially covered by debris of varying thicknesses, and these debris-covered glacier areas are difficult to distinguish clearly from the adjacent valley rock using optical remote sensing data due to their similar reflectance in the visible-to-near-infrared (VNIR) wavelength region. For better detection of the debris-covered glacier margin, a new method was proposed here which considers glacier terrain features (concave and convex landscapes) as well as VNIR reflectance, shortwave-infrared reflectance (SWIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) information. The proposed method uses several geomorphometric parameters (slope, plan, and profile curvature) and a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) band ratio image TM TIR/(TM NIR/TM SWIR) for mapping the Yengisogat glacier in the Shaksgam valley of China. The final debris-covered glacier boundary is generated by thresholding the band ratio image and overlaying it onto the result derived from cluster analysis performed using plan, profile curvature, and combined with mean of slope information. Evaluation of the final debris-covered glacier outline was carried out through comparison with GIS data from several reference data sets, and the final Yengisogat glacier outline had a difference of less than 1% in area compared to the reference data sets.
OBSTINATE SAINTS : HOW POWER AND SELF-FOCUS DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL INFLUENCES IN ETHICAL DECISION MAKING

In this research, we examine when and why organizational environments influence how employees respond to moral issues. Past research has proposed that social influences in organizations affect employees’ ethical decision making, but has not explained when and why some individuals are affected by an organizational environment and some disregard it. To address this problem, we drew on research on power to propose that power makes people more self-focused, which, in turn, makes them more likely to act upon their preferences and ignore (un)ethical social influences. Using both experimental and field methods, we tested our model across the three main paradigms of social influence: informational influence (Studies 1 and 2), normative influence (Study 3), and compliance (Study 4). Results offer converging evidence for our theory.
Neutron generator burst timing measured using a pulse shape discrimination plastic scintillator with silicon photomultiplier readout

An EJ-299-34 plastic scintillator with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) readout was used to measure the fast neutron output of a pulsed Thermo-Fisher A-325 Deuterium-Tritium sealed tube neutron generator (STNG). The SiPM signals were handled by a prototype digital pulse processing system, based on a free-running analogue to digital converter feeding a digital signal processor (DSP). Pulse shape discrimination was used to distinguish between detected fast-neutrons and gammas. Pulse detection, timing, energy and shape were all processed by the DSP in real-time. The time-dependency of the neutron output of the STNG was measured for various pulsing schemes. The switch-on characteristics of the tube strongly depended on the operating settings, with the delay between pulse turn-on and the production of neutrons ranging between 13 μs to 74 μs for the tested pulse rates and duty cycles. This work will facilitate the optimization and modeling of apparatus that use the neutron generator's pulsing abilities.
Multiple Micronutrient Interventions During Early Childhood Do Multiple Micronutrient Interventions Improve Child Health , Growth , and Development ? 1 – 3

Micronutrient deficiencies are common and often co-occur in many developing countries. Several studies have examined the benefits of providing multiple micronutrient (MMN) interventions during pregnancy and childhood, but the implications for programs remain unclear. The key objective of this review is to summarize what is known about the efficacy of MMN interventions during early childhood on functional outcomes, namely, child health, survival, growth, and development, to guide policy and identify gaps for future research. We identified review articles including meta-analyses and intervention studies that evaluated the benefits of MMN interventions (3 or more micronutrients) in children (,5 y of age) using Pubmed and EMBASE. Several controlled trials (n = 45) and meta-analyses (n = 6) have evaluated the effects of MMN interventions primarily for child morbidity, anemia, and growth. Two studies found no effects on child mortality. The findings for respiratory illness and diarrhea are mixed, although suggestive of benefit when provided as fortified foods. There is evidence from several controlled trials (.25) and 2 meta-analyses that MMN interventions improve hemoglobin concentrations and reduce anemia, but the effects were small compared to providing only iron or iron with folic acid. Two recent meta-analyses and several intervention trials also indicated that MMN interventions improve linear growth compared to providing a placebo or single nutrients. Much less is known about the effects on MMN interventions during early childhood on motor and mental development. In summary, MMN interventions may result in improved outcomes for children in settings where micronutrient deficiencies are widespread. J. Nutr. doi: 10.3945/jn.111. 146845.
Prevalence of Malaria in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Navi Mumbai, India

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malarial infections among the patients attending at tertiary care hospital, Navi Mumbai, India, between January and December 2013. 4878 blood samples of suspected malaria cases were examined out of which 809 (16.58%) were positive for malaria. The types of malarial parasites were Plasmodium vivax (54.76%), Plasmodium falciparum (17.80%), and mixed species (27.44%). The prevalence of malarial infection exhibited seasonal pattern with many cases in the month of July to November with peak in October. Infection prevalence in male patients was 2-fold higher than in female patients. Age group ranged from 11-50 years with 21-30 years had greatest risk. These findings compared with other findings of malaria endemic populations in India that a hospital-based diagnosis and surveillance for malaria reflects seasonal malaria transmission underlying demographic and geographic distribution.
Congruence of Methods for Determination of Sex using Real , Virtual and 3-D Printed Specimens

Increasingly, physical anthropology is seeing the use of a variety of digital technologies to capture, describe and analyse skeletal elements. The last ten years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of publications undertaking validations of osteological techniques using CT (computed tomography) data and/or virtual models. In the last few years, with the increasing availability of relatively low cost technological approaches to rapid prototyping, especially 3D printing (3DP), production of bone replicas has gained popularity. However, no studies have explored the relative congruence of methods on real, virtual and 3DP models. This paper presents the results of a study to explore congruency in metric and morphological methods for determination of sex from the human hipbone. Intraand inter-observer agreement between real, 3D virtual models and 3DP models is assessed using the Kappa statistic. Implications for future osteological studies are discussed.
Prevalence of HIV in a Tertiary Care Centre in Delhi: A Five-Year ICTC Based Study

Objective: The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among the clients attending ICTC, LHMC of New Delhi, for a period of five years, i.e., from 2008 to 2012. Material & Method: A total of 25,413 clients attended ICTC, LHMC from the year 2008 to 2012. Serum samples were collected after taking informed consent and pre-test counseling. In India for all ICTCs, NACO (National AIDS Control Organization), a national guidelines has been followed for HIV testing, reporting and release of results with post test counseling. Results: Out of the total 25,413 clients tested for HIV infection, 963 (3.78%) were found to be HIV-1 seropositive. Seropositivity was higher in male clients i.e. 625 (64.4%) than female i.e. 336 (34.8%) followed by transgender (TG), i.e., 2 (0.2%). Heterosexual route of transmission was the major route seen in 676 clients (70.1%). Maximum HIV seropositivity was in the age group of 25 - 34 years (35.4%). No HIV-2 case was found among the studied population. Conclusion: HIV prevalence of 3.78% among the clients attending ICTC, LHMC, New Delhi, puts light on the burden on HIV in this part of the country and suggests the need for the scaling up of focused prevention efforts in high-risk groups.
Technical Change and Entrepreneurship

Abstract The proportion of entrepreneurs in the US working-age population has declined over the last three decades. Over the same period, there has been a substantial increase in the returns to highly educated workers. This paper relates these two facts. Using individual-level data, I provide evidence on the decline in the population share of entrepreneurs and in the entry rate into entrepreneurship. I also show that the decline is most concentrated among college graduates. Then, using an otherwise standard entrepreneurial choice model with two skill groups of individuals, I show that the decline in entrepreneurship is the equilibrium outcome of two forces that have increased the returns to high skill labor: the skill-biased technical change and the decrease in the cost of capital goods. I find that these two technological forces jointly account for three-quarters of the decline in the share of entrepreneurs observed in the United States over the last 30 years.
Development and acceleration of unstructured mesh-based cfd solver

The study was undertaken as part of a larger effort to establish a common computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for simulation of internal and external flows and involves some basic validation studies. The governing equations are solved with ¦nite volume code on unstructured meshes. The computational procedure involves reconstruction of the solution in each control volume and extrapolation of the unknowns to find the flow variables on the faces of control volume, solution of Riemann problem for each face of the control volume, and evolution of the time step. The nonlinear CFD solver works in an explicit time-marching fashion, based on a three-step Runge-Kutta stepping procedure. Convergence to a steady state is accelerated by the use of geometric technique and by the application of Jacobi preconditioning for high-speed flows, with a separate low Mach number preconditioning method for use with low-speed flows. The CFD code is implemented on graphics processing units (GPUs). Speedup of solution on GPUs with respect to solution on central processing units (CPU) is compared with the use of different meshes and different methods of distribution of input data into blocks. The results obtained provide promising perspective for designing a GPU-based software framework for applications in CFD.
The Widening Gender Gap in Opposition to Pornography, 1975–2012

In the last several decades, pornography in the United States has become more mainstream, more accessible, more phallocentric, and more degrading to women. Furthermore, consumption of pornography remains a major difference in the sexual experiences of men and women. Yet research has not addressed how opposition to pornography has changed over the period, despite shifts in the accessibility and visibility of pornography as well as new cultural and legal issues presented by the advent of Internet pornography. We examine gender differences in opposition to pornography from 1975 to 2012, measured by support for legal censorship of pornography in the General Social Survey. Results show that both men’s and women’s opposition to pornography have decreased significantly over the past 40 years, suggesting a cultural shift toward “pornographication” affecting attitudes. However, women remain more opposed to pornography than men, and men’s opposition has declined faster, so the gender gap in opposition to pornography has widened, indicating further divergence of men’s and women’s sexual attitudes over time. This is consistent with the increasingly normative nature of pornography consumption for men, increases over time in men’s actual consumption of pornography, and its increasingly degrading depiction of women.