Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Notch 2 and Notch 1/3 segregate to neuronal and glial lineages of the developing olfactory epithelium

The murine olfactory epithelium (OE) generates olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) throughout development and into adulthood, but only a few of the factors regulating olfactory neuro‐ and glio‐genesis have been delineated. Notch receptors maintain CNS neuronal progenitors and drive glial differentiation, and the Notch effectors Hes 1 and 5 are expressed in the OE, but the Notch receptors that stimulate Hes gene activation in defined lineages during OE development have not been determined. Here, we first use RT‐PCR to reveal which Notch receptors and ligands are expressed in the developing and adult OE. This is followed by immunofluorescent detection, combined with lineage‐specific markers to define the stage‐specific developmental expression of different Notch family members. We show that throughout development, Notch 1 and 3 are expressed in cells retained within the lamina propria, where Notch 3 is expressed in olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). In contrast, Notch 2 is expressed in apical embryonic and early postnatal OE neuronal progenitors. In postnatal and adult OE, Notch 1 is expressed predominantly in Bowman's glands, and Notch 2 in sustentacular cells. Notch 2 and Notch 1/3 may, therefore, have different roles in the commitment and differentiation of neuronal and glial lineages of the OE during development, and the maintenance of non‐neuronal phenotypes postnatally. Developmental Dynamics 235:1678–1688, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive Current Control with fixed switching frequency for an NPC converter

In this paper a Predictive Current Control strategy is proposed for constant switching frequency operation and verified with a neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter for load current regulation and DC-link capacitor voltages balancing. The aim of this control technique is to obtain a modulated waveform at the output of the converter, whilst maintaining all the desired characteristics of FCS-MPC. The feasibility of this strategy is evaluated using simulation and compared to the classical FCS-MPC strategy.
Historical Energy Price Shocks and their Effects on the Economy

The purpose of this paper is to identify the changes in the impact of energy shocks on economic activity at different phases of economic development – with an interest in assessing if the economy’s vulnerability and resilience to shocks improved. Using data on the United Kingdom over the last three hundred years, the paper replicates a method introduced by Kilian (2008) to disentangle supply, demand and speculative shocks. Once the shocks were identified, their influence on energy prices and GDP was tested using an 80-year moving average. The impact of supply shocks on GDP increased in the eighteenth century, fell to zero and then increased again during the second half of the twentieth century. The impact of aggregated demand shocks was relatively constant until the 1840s, dropped to zero and, then, increased throughout the twentieth century, peaking at the beginning of the twenty-first century – as these aggregate demand shocks have been generated by international (rather than domestic) energy markets. This suggests greater resilience with the economy’s transition from biomass to coal, but possibly greater vulnerability with the transition to oil. However, because of a trend of decreasing shock magnitudes, GDP has been less affected by energy shocks since the mid-twentieth century, creating an illusion of declining vulnerability.
Cloning, Expression, and Immunogenicity of Fimbrial-F17A Subunit Vaccine against Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovine Mastitis

There is a need to identify and select new promising immunodominant antigens that have the ability to provide protective immunity against E. coli causing bovine mastitis. Recently we showed that f17a was found to be the most prevalent and crucial virulent factor among the pathogenic E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis. Here, in this report, the recombinant F17A based subunit vaccine adjuvant with MF59 was tested for immunogenicity against E. coli in a murine model. The vaccinated mice did not show any abnormal behavioral changes and histopathological lesions after vaccination. The specific antibody level against F17A was significantly higher in MF59-adjuvant-group, and also lasted for longer duration with a significant (P < 0.01) production level of IgG1 and IgG2a. Moreover, we noted higher survival rate in mice injected with F17A-MF59-adjuvant group after challenging with the clinical E. coli strain. Our findings of bacterial clearance test revealed that elimination rate from liver, spleen, and kidney in MF59-adjuvant-group was significantly higher than the control group. Finally, the proportion of CD4+T cells was increased, while CD8+ was decreased in MF59-adjuvant group. In conclusion, the current study reveals the capability of F17A-MF59 as a potential vaccine candidate against pathogenic E. coli causing mastitis in dairy animals.
Escala de Valoración del Riesgo de Ulceras por Presión en Cuidados Intensivos (EVARUCI)

Introduccion: las Ulceras Por Presion (UPP) son un importante problema de salud debido a su alta incidencia y prevalencia. Para prevenirlas es necesario contar con herramientas para detectar que pacientes se hallan en situacion de riesgo de desarrollar UPP. Los pacientes de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCIs) presentan factores de riesgo multiples y especificos. Actualmente no contamos con una escala de valoracion del riesgo de desarrollar UPP para pacientes criticos con una fiabilidad y validez estudiadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la fiabilidad de la escala EVARUCI (Escala de Valoracion Actual del Riesgo de desarrollar Ulceras por Presion en Cuidados Intensivos). Material y metodos: se realizaron dos estrategias metodologicas: analisis de las diferencias en la medicion entre observadores en comparacion con un estandar teorico y analisis de la concordancia entre 7 observadores en una observacion simultanea. Se utilizo la t de Student para el contraste de medias, se calcularon los intervalos de confianza y el Coeficiente de Correlacion Intraclase (CCI) de las mediciones simultaneas. Resultados: la media de las diferencias entre 2 mediciones consecutivas fue de x= 1,15 y s = 1,28. Hemos obtenido un CCI = 0,9762.
A Petri net synthesis theory for modeling flexible manufacturing systems

A theory that synthesizes Petri nets for modeling flexible manufacturing systems is presented. The theory adopts a bottom-up or modular-composition approach to construct net models. Each module is modeled as a resource control net (RCN), which represents a subsystem that controls a resource type in a flexible manufacturing system. Interactions among the modules are described as the common transition and transition subnets. The net obtained by merging the modules with two minimal restrictions is shown to be conservative and thus bounded. An algorithm is developed to detect two sufficient conditions for structural liveness of the net. The algorithm examines only the net's structure and the initial marking, and appears to be more efficient than state enumeration techniques such as the reachability tree method. In this paper, the sufficient conditions for liveness are shown to be related to some structural objects called siphons. To demonstrate the applicability of the theory, a flexible manufacturing system of a moderate size is modeled and analyzed using the proposed theory.
Recombinant human thyrotropin reduces endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients monitored for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

AIM We evaluated endothelial-dependent vasodilation after administration of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) in patients monitored for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The role of inflammation and oxidative stress was also assessed. PROTOCOL Twenty-four patients (21 women, mean age 40.5 +/- 9.2 yr) received rhTSH (0.9 mg daily) on 2 consecutive days. At baseline and the day after the second rhTSH injection, endothelium-dependent vasodilation as flow-mediated dilation (FMD, induced by 5 min of forearm ischemia) and endothelium-independent vasodilation (glyceril trinitrate 25 microg, sublingual) were evaluated by high-resolution ultrasound in the brachial artery. At each experimental time, blood was drawn for the evaluation of thyroglobulin, TSH, free T(3), free T(4), as well as IL-6, C reactive protein, TNFalpha, lipoperoxides, and ferric reducing antioxidant power levels as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. RESULTS At baseline, patients' serum TSH values were below the normal range [0.12 mIU/liter (range 0.01-0.30)] in the face of normal free T(4) and free T(3) levels; FMD (8.9 +/- 3.4 vs. 9.2 +/- 3.1%, respectively) and response to glyceril trinitrate (11.0 +/- 4.3 vs. 10.8 +/- 4.7%, respectively) were similar in patients and controls. All the patients had serum thyroglobulin value less than 1 ng/ml, suggesting the absence of cancer recurrences. Besides the expected elevation of serum TSH, rhTSH induced a significant impairment of FMD (7.4 +/- 3.0 vs. 8.9 +/- 3.4%; P < 0.01) along with a significant elevation of blood IL-6 (P = 0.01), TNFalpha (P < 0.001), and lipoperoxide levels (P = 0.01), as well as a reduction of ferric reducing antioxidant power (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS rhTSH administration acutely impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, possibly through the induction of low-grade inflammation and reduced nitric oxide availability by oxidative stress.
Vigilance Requires Hard Mental Work and Is Stressful

Objective: We describe major discoveries and developments in vigilance research. Background: Vigilance tasks have typically been viewed as undemanding assignments requiring little mental effort. The vigilance decrement function has also been considered to result from a decline in arousal brought about by understimulation. Methods: Recent research in vigilance is reviewed in four areas: studies of task type, perceived mental workload during vigilance, neural measures of resource demand in vigilance, and studies of task-induced stress. Results: Experiments comparing successive and simultaneous vigilance tasks support an attentional resource theory of vigilance. Subjective reports also show that the workload of vigilance is high and sensitive to factors that increase processing demands. Neuroimaging studies using transcranial Doppler sonography provide strong, independent evidence for resource changes linked to performance decrement in vigilance tasks. Finally, physiological and subjective reports confirm that vigilance tasks reduce task engagement and increase distress and that these changes rise with increased task difficulty. Conclusions: Converging evidence using behavioral, neural, and subjective measures shows that vigilance requires hard mental work and is stressful. Application: This research applies to most human-machine systems that require human monitoring, particularly those involving automated subsystems.
Lethal and sublethal effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on Rana sylvatica tadpoles

In static experiments, we exposed tadpoles of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) to sediment collected from a riverine wetland in the St. Lawrence River basin that is highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Significant mortality occurred early in the experiment and was not explained by a simple dose‐dependent relationship. Direct sediment contact resulted in higher tadpole mortality compared with tadpoles suspended in mesh containers above the sediment. Sublethal effects of exposure were also apparent, characterized by behavioral abnormalities, including reduced activity levels and swimming speed, that differed depending on whether tadpoles were in contact with or suspended above the sediment. We demonstrate in this experiment that PCB‐contaminated sediment induced significant mortality and behavioral dysfunction in early development, but the effects on natural populations existing in the contaminated region is not known.
Evaluation of Speech Amplification Devices in Parkinson's Disease.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected speech amplification devices in individuals with hypophonia and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). METHOD This study compared the effectiveness of seven devices (ADDvox, BoomVox, ChatterVox, Oticon Amigo, SoniVox, Spokeman, and Voicette) to unamplified speech for 11 participants with PD during conversation in 65-dB SPL multitalker noise, using experience ratings collected from participant questionnaires and speech performance measures (i.e., speech-to-noise ratio [SNR], speech intensity, and intelligibility) obtained from audio recordings. RESULTS Compared with unamplified speech, device use increased SNR by 1.07-4.73 dB SPL and speech intensity by 1.1-5.1 dB SPL, and it significantly increased transcribed intelligibility from 13.8% to 58.9%. In addition, the type of device used significantly affected speech performance measures (e.g., BoomVox was significantly higher than most of the other devices for SNR, speech intensity, and intelligibility). However, experience ratings did not always correspond to performance measures. CONCLUSIONS This study found preliminary evidence of improved speech performance with device use for individuals with PD. A tentative hierarchy is suggested for device recommendations. Future research is needed to determine which measures will predict long-term device acceptance in PD.
Caractérisation prosodique du parler de la région marseillaise

Cette these propose une evaluation du role de la prosodie dans la caracterisation du parler de la region marseillaise, en comparaison avec un francais plus general puis avec une autre variete meridionale (toulousaine). Un test perceptif a montre que les caracteristiqeus prosodiques de la region marseillaise lui sont suffisamment specifiques pour le distinguer d'un francais neutralise. L'analyse instrumentale a revele que les marseillais utilisent un registre tonal significativement plus etendu que le groupe de controle, qui participe a la reconnaissance de cet accent. Nous avons mis en evidence un patron melodique typique en"chapeau mou", ainsi que des configurations tonales, terminees par un schwa, particulieres a la variete etudiee. L'analyse depieds prosodiques de deux syllabes comportant un schwa final a revele un rythme particulier aux regions meridionales, ou l'allongement final fait par ailleurs l'objet d'un traitement differencie par les locuteurs toulousains et marseillais.
Modified constraint-induced therapy for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A feasibility study

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of family-focused, modified constraint-induced therapy with children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and test study procedures in preparation for a randomized controlled trial. Design: Prospective pre–post feasibility study. Methods and procedures: Ten children (median age: 3 years 6 months) were assessed at baseline, at completion of intervention and at 6 months post-baseline. Intervention consisted of a mitt worn on the unaffected hand for 2 hours per day for 8 weeks. Targeted adjunct therapy was provided during the time the mitt was worn. Primary assessments included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Goal Attainment Scaling, Assisting Hand Assessment and the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function. Outcomes: Modified constraint-induced therapy as implemented in this study was acceptable to participants. Over the intervention period, participants experienced improvements in the performance of important daily activities as determined by the primary outcome measures. Conclusions: Modified constraint-induced therapy which targets participant-identified goals and which is family-focused warrants further investigation utilizing randomized trial methodology. Propósito: Determinar la viabilidad de la terapia modificada de inducción de restricción enfocada en la familia en niños con parálisis cerebral hemipléjica, y evaluar procedimientos de estudio en la preparación de una prueba controlada aleatorizada. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo pre-post viabilidad. Métodos y procedimientos: Se evaluaron a diez niños (edades medias: 3años 6 meses) en una etapa inicial, al completar el tratamiento y a los seis meses después de la evaluación inicial. La intervención consistió del uso de un guante en la mano no afectada durante 2 horas al día por 8 semanas. La terapia adjunta fue proporcionada durante el periodo de tiempo en que el guante fue usado. Los instrumentos de evaluación primaria incluyeron: Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Goal Attainment Scaling, Assisting Hand Assessment y the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function. Resultados: La terapia de inducción de restricción modificada fue aceptada por los participantes de la forma en que fue implementada en este estudio. Los participantes experimentaron mejoría en el desempaño de las actividades de la vida diaria durante el periodo de tratamiento, siendo determinado esto por los resultados de las mediciones primarias. Conclusiones: El hecho de que las terapias de inducción de restricción modificada tengan como objetivo metas identificadas por los pacientes y un enfoque familiar, sienta precedente para la realización de investigaciones futuras que utilicen una metodología de pruebas aleatorizadas. Palabras clave: Terapia de inducción restringida modificada, parálisis cerebral, función del miembro superior, pediátrica, enfocado en la familia, hemiplejia
Valley of the spirits;: The Upper Skagit Indians of western Washington

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The Burden of Cancer in Korea during 2012: Findings from a Prevalence-Based Approach

Cancer causes a significant deterioration in health and premature death and is a national socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to measure the burden of cancer using the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) metric based on the newly adopted methodology from the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2010. This study was conducted based on data from the Korean National Cancer Registry. The DALYs were calculated using a prevalence-based method instead of the incidence-based method used by previous studies. The total burden of cancer in 2012 was 3,470.79 DALYs per 100,000 persons. Lung cancer was the most prevalent cancer burden, followed by liver, stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer. The DALYs for lung, liver, stomach, colon and rectum, and pancreatic cancer were high in men, whereas the DALYs for breast, lung, stomach, colorectal, and liver cancer were high in women. Health loss from leukemia and cancer of the brain and nervous system was prevalent for those younger than age 20; from stomach, breast, and liver for those aged 30–50; and from lung, colon and rectum, and pancreas for a large proportion of individuals over the age of 60. The most important differences were that the DALYs were calculated by prevalence and that other components of the DALYs were measured by a population-based perspective. Thus, prevalence-based DALYs could provide more suitable data for decision making in the healthcare field.
Arginase Is Inoperative in Developing Soybean Embryos 1

Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) transcript level and activity were measured in soybean (Glycine max L.) embryos from the reserve deposition stage to postgermination. Using a cDNA probe for a small soybean arginase gene family, no transcript was detected in developing embryos. However, arginase transcripts increased sharply on germination, reaching a maximum at 3 to 5 d after germination. There was low but measurable in vitro arginase specific activity in developing embryos (less than 6% of seedling maximum). During germination arginase specific activity increased in parallel with the sharply increasing arginase transcript level. Seedling arginase activity was largely localized in cotyledons. Arginase activity was assayed in vivo by measuring urea accumulation in a urease-deficient mutant. No urea was detected in developing embryos, whereas accumulated urea paralleled arginase specific activity and transcript level in germinating seedlings. As in planta embryos, cultured cotyledons did not accumulate urea when arginine (Arg) was provided with other amino acids in a “mock” seed-coat exudate. Arg as the sole nitrogen source was converted to urea but did not support cotyledon growth. There appeared to be a lack of recruitment of the low-level arginase activity to hydrolyze free Arg in developing embryos, thus avoiding a futile urea cycle.
The Berger Inquiry: An Impact Assessment Process

The Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry, conducted by the Honorable Mr. Justice T. R. Berger, undertook to explore thoroughly the issues surrounding the building of a northern pipeline. In doing so, the Inquiry provided a forum for the interplay of the technical and environmental issues with very personalized social and cultural concerns. As a process, it reached out beyond the direct participants: it became one in which all Canadians, north and south, participated. It touched some of Canada's deepest concerns—concerns about energy policy, resource allocation, the price and priority of industrial development, cultural sovereignty, and self-definition. These have become national concerns, not just regional. And so, no matter what the final decision is about the pipeline, the Inquiry will have a profound and lasting national influence.
Acoustic Wave Field Reconstruction From Compressed Measurements With Application in Photoacoustic Tomography

We present a method for the recovery of compressively sensed acoustic fields using patterned, instead of point-by-point, detection. From a limited number of such compressed measurements, we propose to reconstruct the field on the sensor plane in each time step independently assuming its sparsity in a Curvelet frame. A modification of the Curvelet frame is proposed to account for the smoothing effects of data acquisition and motivated by a frequency domain model for photoacoustic tomography. An ADMM type algorithm, split augmented Lagrangian shrinkage algorithm, is used to recover the pointwise data in each individual time step from the patterned measurements. For photoacoustic applications, the photoacoustic image of the initial pressure is reconstructed using time reversal in $ {\mathbf k}$-Wave Toolbox.
Bonding strength and fracture mechanisms in composite steel-CFRP elements

The use of advanced composite materials in strengthening and repair of existing structures is increasing rapidly. One specific area in which the technique has been introduced lately is the strengthening of metallic structures with bonded carbon-fibre laminates. In this paper, the behaviour of composite steel-CFRP members is studied experimentally and using FE-analysis. A new type of test specimen has been developed for this purpose. By examining different combinations of CFRP-laminates and adhesives, different types of fracture mode could be examined. The tested composite elements also displayed different behaviour and a large difference in strength and ductility could be observed.