Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A subresolution multiphase interstellar medium model of star formation and supernova energy feedback

We present a new multiphase subresolution model for star formation and feedback in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical simulations of galaxy formation. Our model, called MUPPI (MUlti-Phase Particle Integrator), describes each gas particle as a multiphase system, with cold and hot gas phases, coexisting in pressure equilibrium and a stellar component. Cooling of the hot tenuous gas phase feeds the cold gas phase. We compute the cold gas molecular fraction using the phenomenological relation of Blitz & Rosolowsky between this fraction and the external disc pressure, which we identify with the SPH pressure. Stars are formed out of molecular gas with a given efficiency, which scales with the dynamical time of the cold phase. Our prescription for star formation is not based on imposing the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation, which is instead naturally produced by MUPPI. Energy from supernova explosions is deposited partly into the hot phase of the gas particles, and partly to that of neighbouring particles. Mass and energy flows among the different phases of each particle are described by a set of ordinary differential equations which we explicitly integrate for each gas particle, instead of relying on equilibrium solutions. This system of equations also includes the response of the multiphase structure to energy changes associated to the thermodynamics of the gas. Our model has an intrinsically runaway behaviour: energy from supernovae increases gas pressure which increases in turn the star formation rate through the molecular fraction. This runaway is stabilized in simulations by the hydrodynamic response of the gas: when it receives enough energy, it expands thereby decreasing its pressure. We apply our model to two isolated disc galaxy simulations and two spherical cooling flows. MUPPI is able to reproduce the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation for disc galaxies. It also reproduces the basic properties of the interstellar medium in disc galaxies, the surface densities of cold and molecular gas, of stars and of star formation rate, the vertical velocity dispersion of cold clouds and the flows connected to the galactic fountains. Quite remarkably, MUPPI also provides efficient stellar feedback without the need to include a scheme of kinetic energy feedback.
THE QUANTITATIVE SERUM BRCA1AND SERUM ZINC AS A NOVEL BIOMARKERS WITH THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THEM IN THE FAMILIAL BREAST CANCER PATIENTS IN IRAQ.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide and in Iraq. Many studies show BRCA1 and zinc are the substances that expressed significantly in tissues or serum specimens from a genetically–inherited cancer compared with a sporadic cancer or to healthy individuals, which in turn should be considered as a biological markers. Objectives: To describe serum BRCA1 and zinc levels as a novel biomarkers and correlating between them within familial patients comparing with sporadic breast cancer beside healthy controls group. Patients and Methods: 64 BC patients and 25 HCs. The patients were subjected after mastectomy age ranged (28-68 years) at the time of diagnosis. Serum BRCA1-ELISA method and serum zinc were performed. Results: The three groups were: familial breast cancer FBC 37 (41.6%) age mean 44.78 ± 10.3, sporadic SBC 27(30.3%) age mean 47.85 ± 9.8 and healthy controls HCs 25 (28.1%) age mean 44.00 ± 10.7. The median serum BRCA1 was significantly correlated with breast cancers compared with healthy controls and correlated more precisely with familial compared with sporadic breast cancer, while mean serum zinc was inversely correlated with breast cancer patients compared with healthy controls. Serum BRCA1 had a significant an indirect linear correlation with serum zinc. Conclusions: Serum BRCA1 and zinc can be used as a tests in the early detection, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy responses as a novel biomarkers of breast cancer in Iraqi women, moreover, serum BRCA1 can be used as a test to discriminate familial from sporadic breast cancer. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES SJIF Impact Factor 6.647 Volume 6, Issue 6, 58-66 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 Article Received on 23 March 2017, Revised on 12 April 2017, Accepted on 02 May 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20176-9219 *Corresponding Author’ Dr. Alya Ismael Ibrahim College of Medicine, Baghdad University (2008).
Perceived Barriers to Teaching Movement and Physical Activity to Kindergarteners in Ghana

Regular participation in physical activity can improve students’ health and academic achievement. It is important to develop a positive attitude toward participation in regular physical activity early in life. Thus, an understanding of factors that affect the activity levels of young children is essential. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine what kindergarten teachers perceived as barriers to teaching movement and physical activity. Participants included a purposive sample of 79 teachers from one district in the Upper West Region of Ghana. An 11-item served as the main data source. The questionnaire utilized a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed class sizes ranging from 12-161 pupils per teacher. The teachers identified lack of resources (62.0%), lack of support from other teachers (36.80%), lack of time (25.30%), and inadequate training (25.30%) as the major barriers to teaching movement and physical activity. Independent t-Test and One-Way ANOVA analyses found gender, class taught, and professional qualification did not significantly influence teachers’ perception of barriers to teaching movement/physical activity. There is the need for teacher education institutions in Ghana to prepare early childhood physical education specialists.
EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON PROFITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

The study sought to evaluate the effect of government regulations on the performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The research adopted a descriptive research design. The study focused on 42 commercial banks in Kenya. Secondary data was collected from audited annual financial reports for individual banks found on the banks website and at the Central Bank of Kenya website and library. The study used census method of sampling and sampled all 42 commercial banks in Kenya. Data was analyzed by both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study used regression model. The data was summarized and presented using tables and charts. The study concluded that forex exposure cap negatively affects profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. On the liquidity regulation ratio , the study concluded that there exists a positive relationship between liquidity regulation ratio and profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. The study concluded that there exists a positive relationship between interest rate cap and profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. Similarly, the study concluded that there exists a positive relationship between capital adequacy requirements and profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommended that the managers of commercial banks should adopt new interest rates in that they are able to attract more borrowers so that they can make good profits by increasing the number of borrowers. Key Words: Capital Adequacy, Liquidity Regulation Ratio, Interest Cap, Forex Exposure Cap, Profitability, Commercial Banks
HoxA 9 regulated Bcl-2 expression mediates survival of myeloid progenitors and the severity of HoxA 9-dependent leukemia

Deregulated expression of Hox genes such as HoxA9 is associated with development of myeloproliferative disorders and leukemia and indicates a poor prognosis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which HoxA9 promotes immortalization of hematopoietic cells, we generated growth factor dependent myeloid cells in which HoxA9 expression is regulated by administration of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Maintenance of HoxA9 overexpression is required for continued cell survival and proliferation, even in the presence of growth factors. We show for the first time that maintenance of Bcl-2 expression is critical for HoxA9-dependent immortalization and influences the latency of HoxA9-dependent leukemia. Hematopoietic cells lacking Bcl-2 were not immortalized by HoxA9 in vitro. Furthermore, deletion of Bcl-2 delayed the onset and reduced the severity of HoxA9/Meis1 and MLL-AF9 leukemias. This is the first description of a molecular link between HoxA9 and the regulation of Bcl-2 family members in acute myeloid leukemia.
Shieling activity in the Norse Eastern Settlement: Palaeoenvironment of the ‘Mountain Farm’, Vatnahverfi, Greenland

Transhumance agriculture formed a key component of subsistence strategies in the Norse economies of the North Atlantic, with evidence of shielings or sæters found in Norway, Scotland, the Faroe Islands and Iceland. It is frequently assumed to have played a role in Norse Greenland, yet little enquiry has been made into such activity. This paper seeks to address this deficit, presenting the first palaeoenvironmental study of a suspected Greenlandic shieling site in the uplands of the former Norse Eastern Settlement. Pollen analysis, 14C and associated proxies are used to date and assess the environmental and landscape impact of shieling activity. Evidence for vegetation disturbance associated with Norse settlement is indicated from c. ad 985, but the shieling itself is interpreted as having been established somewhat later (cal. ad 1050–1150). Initially the site appears to have been used exclusively for grazing of livestock and there is tentative evidence for the use of burning to stimulate the spread of pastures. Pollen influx figures suggest the intensification, or initiation, of hay production c. cal. 1225–1325 reflecting either the spread of settlement from the lowland valleys, or evolution of the site into a full farm in response to population pressure. A reduction of human impact cal. ad 1300–1390 suggests a reversion to shieling activity, indicating similarities to transhumance in northern Iceland. Abandonment of the site dates to cal. ad 1325–1415 and is in agreement with previous evidence from Norse Greenland.
Hotelling's Location Model with Quality Choice in Mixed Duopoly

We investigate a mixed duopoly market by introducing quality choice into the Hotelling-type spatial competition model with linear transportation costs. We show that there does not exist a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE) of location choice in the three-stage game that is location-then-quality choice and subsequent price choice. Moreover, we show the conditions of the existence of the quality equilibrium.
Technical efficiency of Kansas arable crop farms: a local maximum likelihood approach

The present study uses local maximum likelihood (LML) methods recently proposed by Kumbhakar et al. (2007) to assess the technical efficiency of arable crop Kansas farms. LML techniques overcome the most relevant limitations associated to mainstream parametric stochastic frontier models. Results suggest that Kansas farms reach technical efficiency levels on the order of 90%. These results are compared with another flexible efficiency assessment alternative: the deterministic data envelopment analysis (DEA).
Effect of Competence, Satisfaction and Discipline on Performance of Employees in the Office of Women Empowerment and Family Planning of West Papua

This study investigates the effect of competence, satisfaction, and discipline on performance of employees in the Office of Women Empowerment and Family Planning of Fak-fak West Papua. Assigning 18 respondents, this study collected data using questionnaire, interview and document and used SPSS 17.0 for analysis on multiple regression and t-test. The findings showed the significant effects existed between (1) the competence of work (X1) on the performance of employee (Y) r=0.682; p=. 011; (2) the job satisfaction (X2) with the performance of employee (Y) r=0.241; p=. 025; (3) the discipline of work (X3) with the performance of employee (Y) r=0.230; p=. 034; and (4) the competence (X1), the job satisfaction (X2), and the discipline (X3) to the performance employee partially or simultaneously at r=0.135. A weak effect of competence, job satisfaction and discipline of work existed on the performance of employee.
The Geographical Composition of National External Balance Sheets: 1980-2005

This paper constructs a data set on stocks of bilateral external assets and liabilities for a group of 18 countries, including developed and emerging economies. The data set covers the years 1980 to 2005 and distinguishes between four asset classes: foreign direct investment, portfolio equity, debt, and foreign exchange reserves. A number of stylised facts emerge from it. There has been a remarkable increase in interconnectivity over the past two decades. Financial links have become larger and more frequent and countries have become more open. The global financial network is centred around a small number of nodes, which have many and large links. In addition, the network exhibits ‘small-world’ properties, such as high clustering and low average path length. The combination of high interconnectivity, a small number of hubs, and ‘small-world’ properties makes for a robust-yet-fragile system, in which disturbances to the key hubs would be rapidly and widely transmitted. The global financial network is centred around the United States and the United Kingdom, which have large links and are connected to most other countries. This contrasts with the global trade network, which is arranged in three clusters: a European cluster (centred on Germany), an Asian cluster (centred on China), and an American cluster (centred on the United States).
Business Risk Impact on Capital Structure: A Case of Jordan Industrial Sector

Purpose: This research study aims to investigate that how industrial sector firms decide about their capital structure with reference to risk exposure. This research concludes about the manager’s behavior with respect to business risk, profitability, firm size and sales growth. Design/methodology/approach: Data of industrial sector of Jordan, over the period of 2009-2011 is used for this study. Linear regression model is used for data analysis. Findings: This research study results show that industrial sectors firm’s managers are risk averse, whereas sales growth and firm size are positively related to financial policy decision. Profitability is negatively related with financial policy of the firm.
Determination of in vitro Availability of Iron from Common Foods

Abstract Some common foodstuffs of plant origin were analyzed spectrophotometrically using derivative spectroscopy for total and in vitro available iron (ionizable iron). Though rice had lowest total iron content (0.61 ± 0.09 mg/100g), the percent ionizable iron was highest (29.50 ± 4.75%) as compared to all other cereals and millets tested and also comparable to some of the whole pulses analyzed. Similarly, maize with comparatively lower total iron content (2.73 ± 0.14 mg/100g), had a higher percent ionizable iron (25.30 ± 1.46%). The whole pulses were found to contain total iron ranging from 4.40 ± 0.30 mg/100g in blackgram to 6.36 ± 0.55 mg/100g in rajmah, but except Bengal gram (white) (21.71 ± 0.53%), pea (35.66 ± 4.44%) and rajmah (24.05 ± 1.42%), others showed very low ionizable iron (3.41 ± 0.22-6.53 ± 1.31%). Split pulses had a better percentage of ionizable iron (13.80 ± 0.73-31.70 ± 1.74%) compared to whole pulses, which could possibly due to removal of some inhibiting factors present in the seed coat. Though green leafy vegetables had comparatively lower amount of total iron (1.82 ± 0.11-3.76 ± 0.23 mg/100g), it had a high ionizable iron from 30.22 ± 1.10 to 52.13 ± 1.90%. Endogenous levels of ascorbic acid and tannin present in the food samples evaluated had no direct influence on iron availability. The results by spectrophotometric method were further compared with radioistopic method by extrinsic tagging of a few samples with 59Fe. A significant positive correlation (r=0.986; P<0.001) was observed between the two methods.
A semi-automated algorithm to quantify scarp morphology (SPARTA): application to normal faults in southern Malawi

Abstract. Along-strike variation in scarp morphology reflects differences in a fault's geomorphic and structural development and can thus indicate fault rupture history and mechanical segmentation. Parameters that define scarp morphology (height, width, slope) are typically measured or calculated manually. The time-consuming manual approach reduces the density and objectivity of measurements and can lead to oversight of small-scale morphological variations that occur at a resolution impractical to capture. Furthermore, inconsistencies in the manual approach may also lead to unknown discrepancies and uncertainties between, and also within, individual fault scarp studies. Here, we aim to improve the efficiency, transparency and uniformity of calculating scarp morphological parameters by developing a semi-automated Scarp PARameTer Algorithm (SPARTA). We compare our findings against a traditional, manual analysis and assess the performance of the algorithm using a range of digital elevation model (DEM) resolutions. We then apply our new algorithm to a 12 m resolution TanDEM-X DEM for four southern Malawi fault scarps, located at the southern end of the East African Rift system: the Bilila–Mtakataka fault (BMF) and three previously unreported scarps – Thyolo, Muona and Malombe. All but Muona exhibit first-order structural segmentation at their surface. By using a 5 m resolution DEM derived from high-resolution (50 cm pixel−1) Pleiades stereo-satellite imagery for the Bilila–Mtakataka fault scarp, we quantify secondary structural segmentation. Our scarp height calculations from all four fault scarps suggest that if each scarp was formed by a single, complete rupture, the slip–length ratio for each earthquake exceeds the maximum typical value observed in historical normal faulting earthquakes around the world. The high slip–length ratios therefore imply that the Malawi fault scarps likely formed in multiple earthquakes. The scarp height distribution implies the structural segments of both the BMF and Thyolo fault have merged via rupture of discrete faults (hard links) through several earthquake cycles, and the segments of the Malombe fault have connected via distributed deformation zones (soft links). For all faults studied here, the length of earthquake ruptures may therefore exceed the length of each segment. Thus, our findings shed new light on the seismic hazard in southern Malawi, indicating evidence for a number of large (Mw 7–8) prehistoric earthquakes, as well as providing a new semi-automated methodology (SPARTA) for calculating scarp morphological parameters, which can be used on other fault scarps to infer structural development.
All changes great and small: Exploring approaches to change and its leadership

Abstract Although the growing need for change in organizations it is widely acknowledged it is asserted that up to 70% of change initiatives fail. While there have been attempts to understand the reasons for failure these have been seen as inconclusive, and a need for further empirical work has been identified. Within the growing literature on change leadership there are assertions that the root cause of many change problems is leadership behaviour. This article begins by exploring the change literature and, in particular the broadening of this literature with the inclusion of complexity and evolutionary theories. From the literature the authors propose a typology of change approach is proposed. In examining change the authors also examine emerging thoughts from the change leadership literature. Combining these different streams of literature leads to three core research questions, which are: (1)What approach to change management is likely to be most effective in today's business environment? (2)What leadership behaviours tend to be associated with effective change management? And (3)Are leadership behaviours related to the underlying assumptions within different approaches to change? These questions are explored using a case study methodology. The study involved seven organizations and 40 informants who provided 70 change stories. The data was initially analysed as qualitative data and subsequently (following participant lines of inquiry) quantitatively. Both qualitative and quantitative data indicated that change approaches that were based on assumptions of linearity, were unsuccessful, whereas those built on assumptions of complexity were more successful. Approaches classified as emergent change were found to be the most successful. In examining leadership behaviours three broad categories emerged: (1) shaping behaviour; (2) framing change; and (3) creating capacity. Analyses of the data indicated that leader-centric behaviours (shaping behaviour) impaired change implementation. The implications of the findings are discussed together with suggestions for further research.
The effect of the eight-week progressive concurrent training on inflammatory index of cardiovascular disease predictor, and body composition in sedentary middle-age men

Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of concurrent aerobic-resistance training on Hs-CRP and body composition in sedentary middle-age men. Background. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the primary cause of death and disability in both men and women worldwide. Moreover, it has been shown that high sensitivityC-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), as a marker for future cardiovascular events, has an inverse relationship with physical fitness in sedentary individuals. However, it is suggested that lifestyle modifications such as regular physical activity have therapeutic and protective effects against CVD. Method. Thirty sedentary middleaged men (aged 30–50 years) voluntarily participated in this research and assigned in one of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Participants in experimental group performed the progressive concurrent training, three days a week for eight weeks. At baseline and after 8 weeks, venous blood samples were obtained to measure Hs-CRP concentration. Moreover, body composition and anthropometric indices (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, body fat percentage) were measured. Data were analyzed by using paired and independent t-tests. Findings. After 8 weeks of concurrent training, a significant decrease was seen in serum Hs-CRP in the experimental group compared to control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the concurrent training induced a significant decrease in body weight, body fat percentage, body mass index, and waist to hip ratio (p<0.05), while these parameters remained unchanged in the control group. Conclusion. According to this study, 8-week concurrent exercise training resulted in beneficial improvement in body composition and HS-CRP. Accordingly, it can be concluded that they can be effective therapeutic methods to reduce cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary middle-age men.