Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methane release from warming‐induced hydrate dissociation in the West Svalbard continental margin: Timing, rates, and geological controls

Hundreds of plumes of methane bubbles, first observed in 2008, emanate from an area of the seabed off West Svalbard that has become 1°C warmer over the past 30 years. The distribution of the plumes, lying close to and upslope from the present upper limit of the methane hydrate stability zone, indicates that methane in the plumes could come from warming‐induced hydrate dissociation, a process commonly invoked as contributing to rapid climate change. We used numerical modeling to investigate the response of hydrate beneath the seabed to changes in bottom‐water temperature over periods of up to 1000 years B.P. The delay between the onset of warming and emission of gas, resulting from the time taken for thermal diffusion, hydrate dissociation, and gas migration, can be less than 30 years in water depths shallower than the present upper limit of the methane hydrate stability zone, where hydrate was initially several meters beneath the seabed and fractures increase the effective permeability of intrinsically low‐permeability glacigenic sediment. At the rates of warming of the seabed that have occurred over the past two centuries, the enthalpy of hydrate dissociation limits the rate of gas release to moderate values. Cycles of warming and cooling can create and sustain hydrate close to the seabed where there is locally a supply of methane of tens of mol·m–2 yr–1. This rate of gas flow can be achieved where stratigraphic and structural heterogeneity focus gas migration, although the regional rate of methane supply could be much less.
Does Expenditure on Education Affect Economic Growth in India? Evidence from Cointegration and Granger Causality Analysis

The study investigates causal relationship between expenditure on education and economic growth in India form the period 1951 to 2012. The econometric approach of the paper is based on the bivariate VAR model, co-integration, granger causality, variance decomposition and impulse response. The vector error correction result revels long run equilibrium relationship exists between expenditure on education and economic growth while only a unidirectional causality runs from expenditure on education to economic growth in India. Shocks due to expenditure on its own is positive throughout the tenth period and one unit standard deviation shock have positive impact on economic growth up to 10th periods while no significant impact is witnessed economic growth to expenditure on education. The study arrives it policy implication that the government has to focus more on expenditure in education in order to create better human development which can have better contribution to economic growth.
Can Coopetition Be Source of Competitive Advantage for Strategic Networks

Contributions on competitive strategy and advantage have been long concentrated on the single firm. In Europe small and medium enterprises still prevail, business districts are widespread and rivals are called to cooperate, in order to face the global context. Inter-firm collaboration seems to be the main path to survive and compete. Literature has more concentrated on the reasons for success of strategic alliances and networks even if many of them fail or do not take off. In the light of relational view and the absorptive capacity approach, the paper tries to verify whether competiton, can be, through the relations that generates, source of competitive advantage or rather of disadvantage. Theoretical hints are tested empirically on a sample of firms in Italy operating in tourism industry.
Evaluation of Nutritive Value of Grass Pea Hay in Sheep Nutrition and Its Palatability as Compared with Alfalfa

The nutritive value of grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) hay was evaluated based on its chemical composition, Gas production, fractioning of protein in CNCPS and AFRC systems, Metabolizable Energy (ME), rumen degradability through in situ technique and in vitro digestibility through Tilley and Terry method. The Crude Protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) values of grass pea hay amounted to 232.4, 397 and 300.6 (g kg -1 DM) respectively. Condensed Tannins (CTs) and �-N-Oxalyl –L-�, �-diAmino Propionic acid (ODAP) amounted 0.2 and 11.8 (g kg -1 DM) respectively. Grass pea estimated ME ranged from 6.86 (MJ kg -1 DM) to 12.03 (MJ kg -1 DM) by different methods. Metabolizable Protein (MP) content was found 534.7 g kg -1 of CP. A high level of CP and MP content followed by a high content of ME along with a high palatability, cause grass pea to be introduced as an alternative to sheep forage in drought conditions.
Pigment specific in vivo light absorption of phytoplankton from estuarine, coastal and oceanic waters

The influence of phytoplankton photoacclimation and adaptation to natural growth conditions on the chlorophyll a-specific in vivo absorption coefficient (a* ph ) was evaluated for samples collected in estuarine, coastal and oceanic waters. Despite an overall gradient in the physio-chemical environment from estuaries, over coastal, to oceanic waters, no clear relationships were found between a* ph and the prevailing light, temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations, indicating that short-term cellular acclimation was of minor importance for the observed variability in a* ph . The clear decline in a* ph from oceanic, over coastal, to estuarine waters was, however, strongly correlated with an increase in cell size and intracellular chlorophyll a (chl a) content of the phytoplankton, and a reduction of photosynthetic carotenoids relative to chl a. Variations in photoprotective carotenoids relative to chl a seemed to be of minor importance for the variability in a* ph . In addition, significant differences in phytoplankton composition and abundance were observed, primarily driven by an increase in the abundance of diatoms, which furthermore correlated with increasing pigment packaging and decreasing a* ph . The observed differences in a* ph were, therefore, primarily driven by longerterm adaptations of the phytoplankton community. Our data suggests that an overall increase in nutrient loading from oceanic to estuarine waters increases phytoplankton abundance and favors larger sized species, particularly within the diatoms. These changes eventually decrease a* ph through a rise in the package effect and a lower abundance of photosynthetic carotenoids relative to chl a.
Muscle adaptation to type of training load: An EMG study in elite athletes

Introduction: Muscle fiber composition and fatigue characteristics are different in strength or endurance trained elite athletes, this may be a result of muscle adaptation to specific training loads. EMG power spectra can be used to study these differences. Objective: Study the effect of long-term training on the muscle fatigue and fiber composition. Methods: SEMG was recorded in country’s elite athletes who were either endurance (Marathoners/ Long distance runners, En; n=20) or strength (Weight lifters / Throwers, St; n=20) trained for past > 5 years. The fall in EMG median frequency (MDF) of two upper body (Biceps Brachii; BB & Triceps; TR) and two lower body (Vastus Lateralis; VL & Biceps Femoris; BF) muscles, during 80% MVC isometric contraction was used to assess fatigability and thus the predominant muscle fiber type. Similar data was also collected in untrained controls (Un; n=20). Results: MDF showed no significant fall (p > 0.05) during the task in TR and VL in all the groups, indicating higher proportion of type I fibers and inconsequent influence of type of training. BB & BF (St & Un only) MDF fell significantly (p< 0.05) during the task indicative of more type II fibers. BF MDF in En group though showed a decrease but it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate higher proportion type I fibers in hamstrings (BF) of Endurance trained athletes when compared to other subjects, suggestive of its adaptability to long-term endurance training.
ABSTRACT Title of thesis: AFRICAN AMERICAN COUPLES’ PROVIDER ROLE ATTITUDES AS A FUNCTION OF INCOME, RELATIVE INCOME, EDUCATION, AND AGE

Title of thesis: AFRICAN AMERICAN COUPLES’ PROVIDER ROLE ATTITUDES AS A FUNCTION OF INCOME, RELATIVE INCOME, EDUCATION, AND AGE Tariiq Omari Walton, Master of Science, 2018 Thesis Directed by: Professor Norman Epstein Department of Family Science This study investigated characteristics that are associated with the provider role attitudes of African Americans being seen for couple therapy at a university-based family therapy clinic in a major metropolitan region, the Center for Healthy Families at the University of Maryland, College Park. It was predicted that income, relative income, education, age, and gender would be associated with the degree of traditional provider role attitudes of members of African American couples being treated at the CHF between 2000 and 2015. Contrary to the predictions, no relationship between education, age, and relative income and the provider role attitudes of the study’s participants was found. However, the results did show a significant relationship between gender and income and provider role attitudes. The implications for future research and clinical applications are discussed. AFRICAN AMERICAN COUPLES’ PROVIDER ROLE ATTITUDES AS A FUNCTION OF INCOME, RELATIVE INCOME, EDUCATION, AND AGE
Dynamics in tiller weight and its association with herbage mass and tiller density in a bahia grass (Paspalum notatum) pasture under cattle grazing

Dynamics in tiller weight and its association with herbage mass and tiller density were investigated for 2 years in a bahia grass ( Paspalum notatum ) pasture under cattle grazing, in an effort to char- acterise the dynamics in tiller weight and its com- ponents (live laminae, dead laminae and stem with leaf sheaths), to compare contributions of tiller density and tiller weight to herbage mass and to examine the existence of the self-thinning rule in bahia grass. Tiller weight (range=67-257 mg DM/tiller) was high from late spring (May) to mid-autumn (October) and low in the other half of the year. The rate of change in tiller weight (range= − 4.28 to 4.31 mg DM/tiller/d) reflected high positive rates of change in live lamina weight in April-May and high negative rates of change in stem weight in October-November. The high positive rates in April-May represent a spring flush achieved by consuming reserve substances in stolons and roots as the main energy pools. The high negative rates in October-November may indicate the transloca- tion of reserve substances stored in stems during summer into stolons and roots before the dormant winter season. Variations in herbage mass (range=23-560 g DM/m 2 ) were largely explained by the variations in tiller weight, with no sig- nificant contribution by tiller density (range=3859-4875 tillers/m 2 ). The tiller weight:density relationship, when combined with previous data having a broader range of tiller density, was in close agreement with the − 3/2 self-thinning rule (slope= − 1.63).
Evaluation of Public Spokespersons

Department of Education, Philosophy and Rhetoric, Copenhagen University, Njalsgade 80, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, kock@hum.ku. dk . but when I was speaking in America, they told me that there were 105 million TV sets in America . It is a strange feeling to speak to millions of people. I think one feels it. There is something strange about television, very odd, also in another way. They told me over there that television is dangerous, it gives you away, you can’t hide your true nature, appearing on television. They said that McCarthy, then a very popular person, was ruined in one or two days, after appearing on television. People did not believe him, or they did not trust him any more. In general, people who appeared on television over there were kind of “waterproof”. (Quotation from radio interview with Karen Blixen, 1955)
On the numerical solution of the first biharmonic equation

On considere une methode d'elements finis mixtes pour le probleme de Dirichlet de l'operateur biharmonique. Le probleme indefini au depart est transforme en un probleme defini positif et resolu par la methode du gradient conjugue. On etablit une methode de preconditionnement et on demontre que le nombre d'iterations pour reduire l'erreur d'un facteur fixe ne depend pas du parametre de discretisation
Design of a cold vacuum chamber for diagnostics

Preliminary studies performed with the cold bore superconducting undulator installed in the ANKA storage ring suggest that the beam heat load is mainly due to the electron wall bombardment. Low energy electrons (few eV) are accelerated by the electric field of the beam to the wall of the vacuum chamber, induce non-thermal outgassing from the cryogenic surface and heat the undulator. In this contribution we report on the design of a cold vacuum chamber for diagnostics to be installed in the ANKA storage ring and possibly in third generation light sources. The diagnostics implemented are: i) retarding field analyzers to measure the electron energy and flux, ii) temperature sensors to measure the total heat load, iii) pressure gauges, iv) and a mass spectrometer to measure the gas content. The aim of this device is to gain a deeper understanding on the heat load mechanisms to a cold vacuum chamber in a storage ring and find effective remedies. The outcome of the study is of relevance for the design and operation of cold bore superconducting insertion devices in synchrotron light sources.
Technical viability of physical soil and water conservation structures implemented in Lake Hawassa watershed, southern Ethiopia.

Physical soil and water conservation measures with ultimate intention of reducing sever soil erosion and its associated impact had been implemented for the last four decades in southern Ethiopia. Yet, so far the technical viability of the implemented structures weren't studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the technical viability of the implemented physical soil and water conservation measures and its management, maintenance and appropriateness in communal and private lands of the upper catchments of Lake Hawassa watershed. The data was collected by field observation and direct measurement of the implemented structures. Moreover, focused group discussion and key informant interview was done. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The results were compared with standards. The collected data were presented in Table and Figures. The study result showed that Level soil bund and Check dam were implemented in communal land by public participation, while Level soil bunds and Fanya- juu were found in private land. The implemented structures were appropriate for the catchment, while the layouts of most implemented structures were not as the standard. The regular maintenance and management practices were also minimal. As the result, technically deficient SWC measures were found as cause of soil erosion and witnessed that construction of SWC structure in field is not an end means by itself for effective controlling of soil erosion. To be effective the implemented SWC structures has to be appropriate for the area and technically be sound. Regular maintenance and management of the structure after implementation is also vital to achieve its very inception objective. Key words: Check dam, Level Fanya- juu, soil bund, standards.
Soil organic matter as affected by management systems, phosphate fertilization, and cover crops

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil management systems, cover crops, and phosphate fertilization on soil humic fractions in a long-term experiment. The treatments consisted of conventional tillage and no-tillage with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) or velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) as cover crops, at two doses of phosphorous: 0 and 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 per year. Soil samples were taken 11 years after the establishment of the experiment and analyzed for soil total organic carbon and carbon content of humic fractions at 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20-m depths. The humic fractions are sensitive to soil management, except free fulvic acid, which was the only one that did not reduce its carbon contents on the surface layer (0.00-0.05 m) with conventional tillage. The main changes occurred on the soil surface layer, in which the no-tillage system with pearl millet as a cover crop provided the highest carbon levels in humic fractions. Long-term phosphate fertilization under no-tillage, with pearl millet as a cover crop, promotes the accumulation of organic carbon in soil humic fractions.
RE-CONCEPTUALIZING L2 WRITING REVISION STRATEGIES FROM AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE: AN INTERVIEW BASED INQUIRY

This study examines an ESL writer�s revision activity in composing an argumentative essay from an ecological perspective. The study aimed to explore how sociomaterial conditions present in the pedagogical context lead to the writer�s use of revision strategies in responding to instructor feedback. By using an interview-based case study approach, data were collected from one ESL writer and instructor in an ESL freshman composition class at a large public university in the US. Based on the analysis of field-notes, transcripts from interviews and writing conferences, and various cultural artifacts, the study found that the writer�s goal-oriented agency foregrounded his engagement with instructor feedback, which narrowed down the problem space perceived to be important by the writer to achieve his goal in writing. The writer�s selective attention to the specific writing issues to be attended in his revision attempt provided an essential perceptual pretext for the concoctions of several sociomaterially-afforded revision strategies. The study also found that sociomaterial interactions inherent within one strategy use conditioned the emergence of another strategy while showcasing that the writer�s strategy use could be emergent and generative in nature. Based on the findings, the study discusses the emergence of the revision strategies as a result of collective interplay of student agency and student-perceived sociomaterial affordances in the writer�s attempt to establish sociocognitive alignment with the instructor�s expectations delivered through feedback. Implications for ecologically-oriented L2 revision strategy research are discussed.
Can Social Norms Affect the International Allocation of Innovation

If economic agents coordinate on social norms more oriented towards the protection of national industries, an asymmetric international specialization in the research and development (R&D) arises even in a tari¤free world with no a priori di¤erences across countries in endowments, demography or technology. This paper exploits the indi¤erence in the composition of R&D expenditure across sectors of the typical multi-sector Schumpeterian framework (forward-looking decisions, CRS R&D technology and free entry) to construct a theory of the international allocation of innovation and education based on sunspot equilibrium. A role for industrial policies as mere coordination devices emerges in an international Schumpeterian framework. The implications for the relationships between inequality and growth are examined.
Nudging people off of the couch. A nudge experiment on physical exercise in collaboration with SATS.

In this paper we demonstrate that it is possible to increase average weekly exercise frequency by up to 9.45%, by sending the study participants e-mails. Several of the leading causes of death globally are closely linked to physical inactivity. In fact, more people die from coronary heart disease than from starvation every year. Exercise can mitigate the risks of these diseases and increase general health. We consider exercise as an intertemporal choice in the context of the Hyperbolic discounting model. To increase exercise frequency we perform a natural field experiment with the Nordic gym chain SATS, where we send three different types of e-mails to three randomized treatment groups over nine weeks. We then compare the treatments to a randomized control group with a difference-in-differences approach. The results show a difference in magnitudes in coefficients for the three different treatments, indicating that the textual contents of the e-mails matter for treatment outcome. This thesis contributes to the body of literature by including very large sample sizes compared to previous studies within the field, and furthermore, by having a completely randomized sample and not having any self selection into the study.
Collective global change impacts on US ozone pollution

The effects of global changes upon regional ozone pollution in the United States J. Chen, J. Avise, B. Lamb, E. Salathé, C. Mass, A. Guenther, C. Wiedinmyer, J.-F. Lamarque, S. O’Neill, D. McKenzie, and N. Larkin Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Portland, OR, USA United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Seattle, WA, USA now at: National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada now at: California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA
C1 ‐triangulations of semialgebraic sets

We show that every semialgebraic set admits a semialgebraic triangulation such that each closed simplex is C1 differentiable. As an application, we give a straightforward definition of the integration ∫Xω over a compact semialgebraic subset X of a differential form ω on an ambient semialgebraic manifold. This provides a significant simplification of the theory of semialgebraic singular chains and integrations without using geometric measure theory. Our results hold over every (possibly non‐archimedian) real closed field.
High-Temperature Performance and Multiscale Damage Mechanisms of Hollow Cellulose Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Spalling resistance properties and their damage mechanisms under high temperatures are studied in hollow cellulose fiber-reinforced concrete (CFRC) used in tunnel structures. Measurements of mass loss, relative dynamic elastic modulus, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength of CFRC held under high temperatures (300, 600, 800, and 1050°C) for periods of 2.5, 4, and 5.5 h were carried out. The damage mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction phase analysis. The results demonstrate that cellulose fiber can reduce the performance loss of concrete at high temperatures; the effect of holding time on the performance is more noticeable below 600°C. After exposure to high temperatures, the performance of ordinary concrete deteriorates faster and spalls at 700–800°C; in contrast, cellulose fiber melts at a higher temperature, leaving a series of channels in the matrix that facilitate the release of the steam pressure inside the CFRC. Hollow cellulose fibers can thereby slow the damage caused by internal stress and improve the spalling resistance of concrete under high temperatures.
Facile Synthesis of Polyester Dendrimers as Drug Delivery Carriers

Aliphatic polyester dendrimers are attractive carriers for in vivo delivery of bioactive molecules due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, but efficient precision synthesis of these dendrimers without tedious purifications remains challenging. Herein, we report an efficient synthesis approach to polyester dendrimers from two AB2-type monomers via combining a click reaction of thiol/acrylate Michael addition with esterification. The reaction solution of each generation contains only the targeted dendrimer macromolecules; thus, the only required separation is simple precipitation. The resulting hydroxyl-terminated fifth-gener- ation dendrimer is thermoresponsive with a LCST of 41 °C. The dendrimer could be further pegylated to obtain a water-soluble biocompatible dendrimer capable of encapsulation and controlled release of a hydrophobic anticancer drug, doxorubicin.