Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization

now been isolated in homogeneous form from the plasma and pleural fluid of two of these patients by the use of affinity chromatography with vitamin B12Sepharose. The hepatoma Bu BP belongs to the R-type group of B12-binding proteins and is essentially indistinguishable from the recently isolated human milk and saliva R-type proteins in terms of: (a) immunologic properties based on immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation assays; (b) amino acid composition; (c) molecular weight based on amino acid and carbohydrate content; and (d) absorption spectra. Both hepatoma B22 BPs contain more sialic acid and less fucose than the milk and saliva B12 BPs. All four proteins contain similar amounts of galactose, mannose, galactosamine, and glucosamine. Differences in sialic acid content appear to account for the differences in electrophoretic mobility that were observed among the four proteins. Differences in total carbohydrate content appear to account for the differences in apparent molecular weight that were observed with both gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tumor tissue from one of the patients contained 10 times as much R-type protein as did normal liver tissue from the same patient. This suggests, although it does not prove, that synthesis by the tumor is the Received for publication 30 December 1974 and in revised form 8 July 1975. cause of the high levels of R-type protein found in the plasma of certain patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Plasma survival studies performed with rabbits indicate that the hepatoma B,2 BP has a prolonged plasma survival and suggests that this parameter is also of importance.
Commentary for the Special Issue: PBL Scholarship: Building on the Educational Vision of Howard Barrows

In this commentary, I discuss each of the seven articles included in this special issue, which, as a collection, honor the impact of Howard Barrows’ vision on the scholarship and practice of problem-based learning (PBL). Collectively, these articles represent a variety of contexts, content areas, delivery formats, and structures in PBL implementations and research. Each article is examined and evaluated for specific information that practitioners and researchers may use in their future PBL efforts.
Unsupervised Filterbank Learning Using Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine for Environmental Sound Classification

In this paper, we propose to use Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine (ConvRBM) to learn filterbank from the raw audio signals. ConvRBM is a generative model trained in an unsupervised way to model the audio signals of arbitrary lengths. ConvRBM is trained using annealed dropout technique and parameters are optimized using Adam optimization. The subband filters of ConvRBM learned from the ESC-50 database resemble Fourier basis in the mid-frequency range while some of the low-frequency subband filters resemble Gammatone basis. The auditory-like filterbank scale is nonlinear w.r. t. the center frequencies of the subband filters and follows the standard auditory scales. We have used our proposed model as a front-end for the Environmental Sound Classification (ESC) task with supervised Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a back-end. Using CNN classifier, the ConvRBM filterbank (ConvRBMBANK) and its score-level fusion with the Mel filterbank energies (FBEs) gave an absolute improvement of 10.65 %, and 18.70 % in the classification accuracy, respectively, over FBEs alone on the ESC-50 database. This shows that the proposed ConvRBM filterbank also contains highly complementary information over the Mel filterbank, which is helpful in the ESC task.
In vivo accelerated acetaldehyde metabolism using acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-loaded erythrocytes.

Human erythrocytes were loaded with homogeneous acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (AcDH) purified from Alcaligenes Eutrophus (an enzyme species with an apparent Km for acetaldehyde similar to the mitochondrial enzyme), using an encapsulation procedure based on hypotonic haemolysis, isotonic resealing and reannealing. The AcDH-overloaded erythrocytes contained 1.55 +/- 0.25 I.U. of AcDH activity per ml of packed erythrocytes, a value 12-15 times higher than that of corresponding unloaded or native red cells. The AcDH-loaded erythrocytes were found to metabolize 4 +/- 0.8 mumol of acetaldehyde/hr/ml of red blood cells, whereas the glycolytic activity was almost unmodified. Estimates of intracellular adenine nucleotides showed 50% ATP decay in the AcDH-loaded cells when incubated in the presence of acetaldehyde concentrations higher than 50 microM, whereas the [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio was strongly decreased but to the same extent as in control cells, suggesting that this was due to the acetaldehyde itself and not to the presence of encapsulated AcDH. Similar results were obtained using mouse erythrocytes. AcDH-overloaded mouse red blood cells from donor animals were also injected intraperitoneally into compatible recipients (Balb/C) and 80 to 85% of these were found to enter into circulation within 24 hr and to circulate with a half-life of 6-7.3 days (normal half-life 11 days). Following an acute dose of ethanol (2g/kg intraperitoneally), blood levels of acetaldehyde were significantly lower in mice receiving the AcDH-loaded erythrocytes than in controls. Blood levels of ethanol were also lower in the treated mice compared to controls. These results show that AcDH-overloaded erythrocytes can perform in vitro and in vivo as bioreactors improving alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism, and suggest that administration of these cells to alcoholic patients could be of value in restoring to normal, or improving, alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism.
Psychopathic Traits and Sexual Coercion Against Relationship Partners in Men and Women

The present study examined the relationships between psychopathic traits, gender, and sexual coercion perpetration in the specific context of intimate partner relationships. Community-dwelling adult men and women with recent criminal or substance-use histories (N = 300) completed self-report measures of psychopathic personality traits (interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial facets), sexual coercion perpetrated within their most recent relationship, and other relevant behaviors including physical intimate partner violence perpetration and sexual coercion victimization. Results of regression analyses showed that the relationship between psychopathic trait facets and sexual coercion was moderated by gender, with effects varying based on level of coercion severity. Specifically, women who showed high levels of interpersonal psychopathic traits (superficial charm, social dominance) were more likely to engage in any sexual coercion and minor severity sexual coercion than women with low levels of interpersonal traits. For severe coercion, women who showed low levels of affective psychopathic traits (coldness, lack of empathy) or high levels of antisocial psychopathic traits (aggressiveness, criminality) were more likely to be sexually coercive than other women. Relationships between the four psychopathic trait facets and sexual coercion were more modest and nonsignificant for men at any level of coercion severity. Results are discussed in the context of sociocultural factors that may influence the role of psychopathic traits on sexual coercion as a function of gender and relationship contexts, including traditional sexual scripts, the cultural role of women as sexual gatekeepers, and beliefs about token resistance.
Perceived Closeness and Autistic Traits Modulate Interpersonal Vocal Communication

Vocal modulation is a critical component of interpersonal communication. It not only serves as a dynamic and flexible tool for self-expression and linguistic information but also plays a key role in social behaviour. Variation in vocal modulation can be driven by individual traits of the individual interlocutors, as well as by factors relating to the dyad, such as the perceived closeness between interlocutors. Accordingly, the current study examines the role of a) individual differences in autism-related traits, and b) perceived closeness between interlocutors on vocal modulation. Since lack of appropriate vocal modulation is often associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders we also focus on autism-related individual traits. The role of these individual and dyad-level factors on vocal modulation is tested for cultural generalizability by conducting this study in three separate samples from India, Italy, and the UK. Articulatory features were extracted from recorded conversations between a total of 85 same-sex pairs of participants and correlated with their self-reported perceived closeness (CR) to the other member of the pair and with the individual Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Results indicated a significant positive correlation between interpersonal closeness and articulation area in all three samples. A significant negative correlation between AQ and articulation area was observed only in the UK sample. This study thus provides novel insights into determinants of interpersonal vocal communication and a test of their cultural generalizability.
Measurements of atmospheric layers from the NASA DC‐8 and P‐3B aircraft during PEM‐Tropics A

Tropospheric vertical structure was analyzed using in situ measurements of O3, CO, CH4, and H2O taken on board the NASA DC-8 aircraft during three Pacific Exploratory Missions (PEMs): PEM-West A, September-October 1991 in the western Pacific; PEM-West B, February-March 1994 in the western Pacific; and PEM-Tropics A, September-October 1996 in the central and eastern Pacific. PEM-Tropics A added measurements from the NASA P3-B aircraft. We used a new mode-based method to define a background against which to find layers. Using only O3 and H2O, we found 472 layers in PEM-Tropics A (0.72 layers per vertical kilometer profiled), 237 layers in PEM-West A (0.54 layers/km), and 158 layers in PEM-West B (0.41 layers/km). Using all constituents, we found 187 layers in PEM-Tropics A (0.43 layers/km), 128 layers in PEM-West A (0.29 layers/km), and 80 layers in PEM-West B (0.21 layers/km). Stratospheric air, sometimes mixed with trapped pollution, was the dominant layer source in all three missions. The larger number of layers per kilometer in PEM-Tropics A was probably due to repeated profiling of several “superlayers” visible in many of the mission lidar and potential voracity profiles. The thickness of the superlayers was of order 1 km, and the horizontal extent was of order 1000 km. We found that layers have an important effect on the thermal structure. An example based on ozonesonde data from Tahiti is shown, where a dry, subsiding layer was stabilized by much greater radiative cooling at the base than at the top. The stabilized layer can trap pollution and force vertical plumes to spread into horizontal layers.
Disparity in the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes between African American and European American women of college age.

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher in African Americans than in European Americans (white, non-Hispanic of European ancestry). The reasons for this disparity are not known. METHODS We recruited a population-based longitudinal cohort of 326 European American and 113 African American female college freshmen in Columbia, South Carolina, to compare clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection between ethnicities. HPV testing and typing from samples obtained for Papanicolaou testing occurred every 6 months. RESULTS African American participants had an increased risk of testing positive for HR-HPV, compared with European American participants, but the frequency of incident HPV infection was the same in African American and European American women. Thus, exposure to HPV could not explain the higher rate of HPV positivity among African American women. The time required for 50% of participants to clear HR-HPV infection was 601 days for African American women (n = 63) and 316 days for European American women (n = 178; odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.53). African American women were more likely than European American women to have an abnormal result of a Papanicolaou test (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.05-2.39). CONCLUSIONS We propose that the longer time to clearance of HR-HPV among African American women leads to increased rates of abnormal results of Papanicolaou tests and contributes to the increased rates of cervical cancer observed in African American women.
Analysis of Hypo- and Hyperphosphatemia in an Intensive Care Unit Cohort

BACKGROUND: Blood phosphate levels are vulnerable to fluctuations and changes in phosphate levels are often neglected. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether deviations in phosphate levels correlate to higher 180-day overall mortality or morbidity. METHODS: Four thousand six hundred fifty-six patients with 19,467 phosphate values treated at the adult intensive care unit at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden during 2006–2014 were retrospectively divided into a control group and 3 study groups: hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphatemia, and a mixed group showing both hypo/hyperphosphatemia. Sex, age, disease severity represented by maximal organ system Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, renal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, lowest ionized calcium value, and diagnoses classes were included in a Cox hazard model to adjust for confounding factors, with time to death in the first 180 days from the intensive care unit (ICU) admission as outcome. RESULTS: When compared to normophosphatemic controls, the hyperphosphatemic study group was associated with higher risk of death with a hazard ratio of 1.2 (98.3% confidence interval 1.0–1.5, P = .0089). Mortality in the hypophosphatemic or mixed study group did not differ from controls. The mixed group showed markedly longer ventilator times and ICU stays compared to all other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Phosphate alterations in ICU patients are common and associated with worse morbidity and mortality. Many underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms may play a role. A rapidly changing phosphate level or isolated hypo or hyperphosphatemia should be urgently corrected.
Turbulence Measurements in the Garonne River Tidal Bore: First Observations

A tidal bore is an abrupt rise in water depth advancing in some estuaries during spring tide conditions. In the present study, some detailed turbulence field measurements were conducted continuously at high-frequency (64 Hz) in the Garonne River tidal bore. The turbulent velocity components were sampled with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) at 0.8 m beneath the freesurface. On 10 and 11 Sept. 2010, the tidal bore was undular as it passed in front of the sampling site. The tidal bore Froude number estimated from the channel bathymetry and observations was equal to 1.20 and 1.30 on 10 and 11 Sept. 2010 respectively. The turbulent velocity data showed the marked impact of the tidal bore propagation. The longitudinal velocity component highlighted some rapid flow deceleration during the passage of the tidal bore, associated with a sudden rise in the free surface elevation, and a flow reversal after the tidal bore front passage. The Reynolds stress data indicated some large amplitudes and rapid fluctuations during the tidal bore and flood flow. These field observations are the first detailed turbulence measurements in a tidal bore with high spatial and temporal resolutions.
Violence, crime, and abuse exposure in a national sample of children and youth: an update.

IMPORTANCE Because exposure to violence, crime, and abuse has been shown to have serious consequences on child development, physicians and policymakers need to know the kinds of exposure that occur at various developmental stages. OBJECTIVES To provide updated estimates of and trends for childhood exposure to a broad range of violence, crime, and abuse victimizations. DESIGN The National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence was based on a cross-sectional, US national telephone survey conducted in 2011. SETTING Interviews by telephone. PARTICIPANTS The experiences of 4503 children and youth aged 1 month to 17 years were assessed by interviews with caregivers and with youth in the case of those aged 10 to 17 years. RESULTS Two-fifths (41.2%) of children and youth experienced a physical assault in the last year, and 1 in 10 (10.1%) experienced an assault-related injury. Two percent experienced sexual assault or sexual abuse in the last year, but the rate was 10.7% for girls aged 14 to 17 years. More than 1 in 10 (13.7%) experienced maltreatment by a caregiver, including 3.7% who experienced physical abuse. Few significant changes could be detected in rates since an equivalent survey in 2008, but declines were documented in peer flashing, school bomb threats, juvenile sibling assault, and robbery and total property victimization. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The variety and scope of children's exposure to violence, crime, and abuse suggest the need for better and more comprehensive tools in clinical and research settings for identifying these experiences and their effects.
Power consumption estimation in CMOS VLSI chips

Power consumption from logic circuits, interconnections, clock distribution, on chip memories, and off chip driving in CMOS VLSI is estimated. Estimation methods are demonstrated and verified. An estimate tool is created. Power consumption distribution between interconnections, clock distribution, logic gates, memories, and off chip driving are analyzed by examples. Comparisons are done between cell library, gate array, and full custom design. Also comparisons between static and dynamic logic are given. Results show that the power consumption of all interconnections and off chip driving can be up to 20% and 65% of the total power consumption respectively. Compared to cell library design, gate array designed chips consume about 10% more power, and power reduction in full custom designed chips could be 15%. >
Influence of custom-made implant designs on the biomechanical performance for the case of immediate post-extraction placement in the maxillary esthetic zone: a finite element analysis

Abstract Due to the increasing adoption of immediate implantation strategies and the rapid development of the computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing technology, a therapeutic concept based on patient-specific implant dentistry has recently been reintroduced by many researchers. However, little information is available on the designs of custom-made dental implant systems, especially their biomechanical behavior. The influence of the custom-made implant designs on the biomechanical performance for both an immediate and a delayed loading protocol in the maxillary esthetic zone was evaluated by means of the finite element (FE) method. FE models of three dental implants were considered: a state of the art cylindrical implant and two custom-made implants designed by reverse engineering technology, namely a root-analogue implant and a root-analogue threaded implant. The von Mises stress distributions and micro-motions around the bone-implant interfaces were calculated using ANSYS software. In a comparison of the three implant designs for both loading protocols, a favorable biomechanical performance was observed for the use of root-analogue threaded implant which approximated the geometry of natural anterior tooth and maintained the original long-axis. The results indicated that bone-implant interfacial micro-motion was reduced and a favorable stress distribution after osseointegration was achieved.
Possible Evidence for Truncated Thin Disks in the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei M81 and NGC 4579

M81 and NGC 4579 are two of the few low-luminosity active galactic nuclei that have an estimated mass for the central black hole, detected hard X-ray emission, and detected optical/UV emission. In contrast to the canonical "big blue bump," both have optical/UV spectra that decrease with increasing frequency in a νLν plot. Barring significant reddening by dust and/or large errors in the black hole mass estimates, the optical/UV spectra of these systems require that the inner edge of a geometrically thin, optically thick accretion disk lies at ~100 Schwarzschild radii. The observed X-ray radiation can be explained by an optically thin, two-temperature, advection-dominated accretion flow at smaller radii.
Perceptions sensorielles et préférences alimentaires des seniors : Contribution au maintien du statut nutritionnel et à l’appréciation des produits

Comprendre les facteurs jouant sur l’etat nutritionnel du sujet âge est un enjeu fort. Une premiere enquete pluridisciplinaire a permis d'interroger 559 seniors de plus de 65 ans de niveaux d'autonomie culinaire differents. Si un effet de l’âge et des facteurs associes a la dependance est constate sur les performances sensorielles, 42% de l’echantillon ont des capacitesolfactives et gustatives preservees. Trois outils de mesure des rejets et des preferences ont ete developpes afin de mieux prendre en compte les attentes des personnes âgees a l’entree dans la dependance : la mesure de la selectivite alimentaire, le questionnaire des styles de mangeur et le choix du menu prefere. Les facteurs les plus associes a un risque de denutrition sont une mauvaise sante orale ou un etat depressif. Garder du plaisir a manger et de l'interet pour son alimentation sont au contraire des facteurs favorables au maintien du statut nutritionnel. La strategie sensorielle consistant a ameliorer des produits en tenant compte des attentes des personnes âgees plutot qu’en renforcant en saveurs ou en aromes s'est revelee la plus efficace. Les 166 personnes âgees qui ont teste les differentes variantes ont notamment apprecie, pour le produit le plus complexe, la variante amelioree dans toutes ses dimensions sensorielles – etce, quels que soient leurs niveaux de capacites gustatives et olfactives. Meme si le vieillissement s’accompagne d’une baisse des perceptions du gout et des aromes, prendre en compte les attentes des personnes âgees et ameliorer les produits qui leur sont destines est une voie pertinente pour ameliorer le statut nutritionnel tout en contribuant a une plus grande satisfaction.
Purinergic P2X7 Receptors Mediate ATP-induced Saliva Secretion by the Mouse Submandibular Gland*

Salivary glands express multiple isoforms of P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors, but their in vivo physiological roles are unclear. P2 receptor agonists induced salivation in an ex vivo submandibular gland preparation. The nucleotide selectivity sequence of the secretion response was BzATP ≫ ATP > ADP ≫ UTP, and removal of external Ca2+ dramatically suppressed the initial ATP-induced fluid secretion (∼85%). Together, these results suggested that P2X receptors are the major purinergic receptor subfamily involved in the fluid secretion process. Mice with targeted disruption of the P2X7 gene were used to evaluate the role of the P2X7 receptor in nucleotide-evoked fluid secretion. P2X7 receptor protein and BzATP-activated inward cation currents were absent, and importantly, purinergic receptor agonist-stimulated salivation was suppressed by more than 70% in submandibular glands from P2X7-null mice. Consistent with these observations, the ATP-induced increases in [Ca2+]i were nearly abolished in P2X7–/– submandibular acinar and duct cells. ATP appeared to also act through the P2X7 receptor to inhibit muscarinic-induced fluid secretion. These results demonstrate that the ATP-sensitive P2X7 receptor regulates fluid secretion in the mouse submandibular gland.