Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Between Generations: Family Models, Myths and Memories

Part 1 Family, myth, models and denials in the shaping of individual life paths, Paul Thompson the pull of family ties - intergenerational relationships and life paths, Isabelle Bertaux-Wiame religion, family and industry in the transmission of values - the case of women textile workers in Antioquia, Colombia, Luz Gabriela Arango social change, family histories and attitudes to money in a rural community in Epirus, Klimia Navridis attitudes towards marriage and divorce among women in modern China, Weiyan Farmer a Hitler youth from a respectable family - narrative composition and deconstruction of a life story, Reinhard Sieder transgenerational transmission in the families of Holocaust survivors in England, Natasha Burchardt grandmothers, mothers and daughters - intergenerational transmission in displaced families in three Jewish communities, Lena Inowlocki memory of slavery in black families of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Maria de Lourdes et al spoken and unspoken words in the life of a Cypriot woman - a life story by her granddaughter, Elena Georgiou Kichuk Paris - a Bulgarian family story, Valentina Stoev. Part 2 Review articles: family memory - a review of French works on the subject, Anne Muxel transmitting history and making it, Elizabeth Tonkin the German working class and National Socialism - two reviews, Freddy Raphaeel and Roswitha Brecner. Part 3 Book reviews: "I Kvinnoled: Om kvinnors liv genom tre generationer", Lissie Astroem "Generations: An American Family", John Egerton "E femmina pero e bella: Tre generazioni di donne al Sud", Renate Siebert "Women's Words: The Feminist Practice of Oral History", Sherna Gluck and Daphne Patai "Storia di donne e femministe", Luigi Passerini. Part 4 Endpiece: we're all on tape - voice recording and the electronic afterlife, Alessandro Portelli.
The same systemic autoimmune disease provokes arthritis and endocarditis via distinct mechanisms

The immune mechanisms that provoke concomitant inflammation of synovial joints and cardiac valves in disorders such as rheumatic fever and systemic lupus erythematosus remain poorly defined. Here, we report the discovery of spontaneous endocarditis—in addition to their well-studied autoimmune arthritis—in K/BxN T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice. The same adaptive immune system elements were required for initiation of arthritis and endocarditis, and both diseases were dependent on autoantibodies. In contrast, the participation of key innate immune system molecules and perhaps T cells as effectors of inflammation differed between the 2 target tissues. Arthritis in K/BxN TCR transgenic mice depended primarily on complement C5 and not FcRγ-using receptors; conversely, endocarditis depended essentially on FcRγ receptors and not C5. Elucidating how a single systemic autoimmune disease engages distinct immune effector pathways to damage different target tissues is essential for optimizing the treatment of such disorders.
Quadratic boost A-source impedance network

A novel quadratic boost A-source impedance network is proposed to realize converters that demand very high voltage gain. To satisfy the requirement, the network uses an autotransformer where the obtained gain is quadratically dependent on the duty ratio and is unmatched by any existing impedance source networks and normal dc-dc converters with coupled magnetics at the same duty ratio and turns ratio. The term “Quadratic Boost A-Source” indicates its quadratic varying gain in the operating principle of the converter. The proposed converter draws a continuous current from the source and suits for many types of renewable sources. This capability has been demonstrated by mathematical derivation and proven in experiments with a single-switch 200 W, 40 kHz dc-dc converter.
[Analysis of HEPACAM mutations in a Chinese family with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts].

OBJECTIVE To explore HEPACAM mutations in a Chinese family with megalencephalic leukoencephaloptathy with subcortical cysts (MLC). METHOD Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood of the proband and her parents. All exons and exon-intron boundaries of HEPACAM and MLC1 were amplified in the MLC family by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct DNA sequencing. RESULT Two heterozygous mutations of HEPACAM located in exon 2, c.203A > T(p.K68M) and c.395C > A(p.T132N), were identified in the proband. The proband's mother had the heterozygous mutations c.203A > T(p.K68M), and her father had the heterozygous mutation-c.395C > A(p.T132N). There was no variation found in MLC1 gene. CONCLUSION The proband was heterozygous compound MLC patient carrying on one allele with the c.203A > T(p.K68M) mutation inherited from her mother, and the other allele with the c.395C > A(p.T132N) mutation inherited from her father. The parents both are heterozygous carriers with normal phenotype. The disease-causing gene for this family was resulted in HEPACAM mutation other than MLC1 mutation.
Geographic variation in the prevalence of histoplasmin sensitivity.

Since the demonstration in 1945 of an association between pulmonary calcification and histoplasmin sensitivity by Palmer1 and Christie and Peterson,2 numerous clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological investigations have increased the existing knowledge of histoplasmosis. It is now accepted that histoplasmosis, hitherto known only as a rare and fatal disease, also occurs in a benign and relatively common form; that the infective episode itself usually passes unrecognized; and that a positive skin reaction to histoplasmin, and, less frequently, pulmonary calcification are usually the only testimony of a previous infectious experience. While histoplasmin cross-reacts with coccidioidin and blastomycin, the relative rarity of coccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis leaves the bulk of the positive reactions to histoplasmin specific for infections with H. capsulatum. With these facts established the skin test has become an important epidemiological tool in the study of histoplasmosis. Geography has played a prominent role in epidemiological investigations of histoplasmosis since comparisons of different locations by Palmer3 first showed wide variations in the prevalence of positive reactors. That where one lives influences the probability of being infected with H. capsulatum more than how one lives or with whom is the logical conclusion stemming from statistical evidence based on skin-testing studies carried out in the years since 1945. The slightly higher rates among males,4 among siblings of a positive reactor,5 among rural populations,6 and among whites,4 are all relatively small compared with the variations among groups tested from different geographic areas. There are now available in the literature reports of a number of studies that illustrate the general characteristics of the geographic variation in histoplasmin sensitivity in the United States. It is generally known that people who have spent most of their lives in the mid-central States are much more frequently sensitive to histoplasmin than persons living in other parts of the country; that the highest frequency of reactors occurs in the central Mississippi River Valley; that prevalence tends to decrease with distance from the area of highest frequency; but that wide variations sometimes occur within relatively short distances. Wide differences in the prevalence of histoplasmin sensitivity within the state of Tennessee have been reported by Christie and Peterson.7 Furcolow and Sitterley8 showed that in Kansas prevalence drops sharply as one moves westward from the endemic area in the eastern part of the State. Prior and Allen6 showed similar variations in Ohio, with the highest prevalence in the southwestern
Distribution of motoneurons supplying feline neck muscles taking origin from the shoulder girdle

A combination of fluorescent retrograde tracers and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to compare the spinal distributions of motoneurons supplying shoulder muscles with attachments to the skull and cervical spinal cord that suggest a significant role in head movement. Two muscles, the rhomboideus and the levator scapulae, were innervated by multiple segmental nerve bundles that entered the muscles at different rostrocaudal locations. Motoneurons that were labelled retrogradely from rhomboideus nerve bundles formed a single, long column in the ventral horn from C4 to C6, lateral to previously studied motor nuclei supplying deep neck muscles. When different tracers were used to differentiate motoneurons supplying specific nerve bundles, discrete subnuclei could be identified that were organized in a rostrocaudal sequence corresponding to the rostrocaudal order of the nerve bundles. Levator scapulae motoneurons formed a second elongate column immediately lateral to the rhomboideus motor nucleus. Three other muscles, the trapezius, sternomastoideus, and cleidomastoideus, were supplied by cranial nerve XI. Labelled motoneurons from these muscles formed a single column from the spinomedullary junction to middle C6. Within this column, the three motor nuclei supplying the sternomastoideus, cleidomastoideus, and trapezius were laminated mediolaterally. Sternomastoideus and cleidomastoideus motoneurons were confined to upper cervical segments, whereas trapezius motoneurons were found from C1 to C6. In C1 and C6, the motoneuron column was located centrally in the gray matter, but, between C2 and C5, the column lay on the lateral wall of the ventral horn in a position dorsolateral to motor nuclei supplying the rhomboideus and the deeper neck muscles. The findings in this study suggest that descending and propriospinal systems responsible for coordinating head movement may have to descend as far caudally as C6 if they are to project onto muscles controlling the mobility of the lower neck. J. Comp. Neurol. 377:298–312, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrode Impedance among Children Using the Combi-40+ Medel Cochlear Implant

Objectives: To evaluate electrode impedance changes over time among children using the combi-40+ Medel cochlear implant system. Method: A retrospective medical record review of electrode impedance values for 24 patients from gender aged between 3 and 8 years and received Combi-40+ Medel cochlear implant was used to gather data for the present study. Electrode impedances were measured at seven time intervals: intra operatively, and post operatively with intervals of one month, 3 months, 9 months, 1 years, 2 years and 3 years. Results: Significant increase in electrode impedance values from intra operatively to one month and 3 months visit for all electrodes and cochlear segment (apical, medial and basal) was noticed. At, one year visit a decrease in electrode impedance values for the apical and medial cochlear segment was noticed and thereafter a stabilization of values was evident, but for the basal segment an increase in the impedance values was evident and stabilization was noticed after 1 year visit. Conclusion: Significant changes in electrode impedance values were noticed during the first 3 months of implant use. Given the importance of the impedance role in the transmission of optimal speech perception, impedance measurements are very essential throughout the use of implant before any programming sessions.
Aortic and Mitral Valve Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Children

Objectives: In this review, we will discuss aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, and mitral stenosis. We will review the etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment of aortic and mitral valve disease. Age and lesion specific treatments are outlined based on the severity of valve disease with an aim at long-term preservation of left ventricular function. Data Source: MEDLINE and PubMed. Conclusions: Mitral and aortic valve disease leads to unique hemodynamic burdens that can impact left ventricular function, quality of life, and longevity. The primary challenge in the management of mitral and aortic valve disease is to apply appropriate medical management and identify that point in time at which the surgery is necessary. Although guidelines have been established for the management of aortic and mitral valve disease in adults, the challenges of early presentation, maintenance of growth potential, and apparent increased tolerance of hemodynamic burden in children makes decision making challenging.
Auditor economic incentives and going-concern opinions in a limited litigious Continental European business environment: empirical evidence from Belgium

Abstract Theory predicts that auditor reporting behaviour may be influenced by the perceived consequences of disclosing going-concern uncertainty in the audit report (DeAngelo 1981, Watts and Zimmerman 1986). Krishnan and Krishnan (1996) and Louwers (1998) have addressed this issue empirically in a US context. The results of Krishnan and Krishnan (1996) suggested that one of the important factors in the auditor's opinion decision is the risk of litigation. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between auditor economic incentives and the propensity to issue going-concern opinions in a limited litigious business environment, Belgium. In spite of the low risk of litigation and the fact that most Belgian companies are privately held, various regulations have been put into effect to safeguard audit quality in Belgium. However, the results suggest that the auditor's going-concern opinion decision in Belgium is associated with factors relating to the perceived consequences of disclosing a going-concern opinion. Specifically, the results suggest that auditors in Belgium are significantly less likely to issue going-concern opinions to clients that pay higher audit fees, and when the audit firm has lost a relatively high proportion of its clients in the preceding year. The auditor's going-concern opinion does not appear to be significantly influenced by the length of the auditor-client relationship, year of the auditor engagement period, and auditor type. The results of this study are to some extent different from the study by Louwers (1998), in which none of the incentive variables related to the auditor's loss function was significant.
Stealthy output injection attacks on control systems with bounded variables

ABSTRACT As more and more critical infrastructures such as transportation, power systems and water are being embedded with sensing and control and linked to the Internet, the resulting security vulnerability can be exploited to inflict systematic damage to the connected physical systems. The class of false-data injection attacks is of particular interest as it only requires the ability to compromise the measurements. We construct such attacks, that are stealthy to set-membership-based anomaly detectors over widely used constrained control systems with bounded disturbances. The design of robust controllers and detectors based on the ability to withstand disturbance lets the attacker masquerade itself as disturbance and necessitates the development of a disturbance set-estimator as a soft-constrained optimisation problem. We then formulate another constrained optimisation problem that maximises the state estimation error by manipulating measurements and results in a computable performance loss and derive its explicit solution as the attack vector. These methods are used to demonstrate the vulnerability of a test system, with attacker having limited knowledge of the control system.
Efficacy in Pigs of Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccines against Infection and Transmission of an Emerging H3N2 Similar to the 2011-2012 H3N2v

ABSTRACT Vaccines provide a primary means to limit disease but may not be effective at blocking infection and pathogen transmission. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of commercial inactivated swine influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines and experimental live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines against infection with H3N2 virus and subsequent indirect transmission to naive pigs. The H3N2 virus evaluated was similar to the H3N2v detected in humans during 2011-2012, which was associated with swine contact at agricultural fairs. One commercial vaccine provided partial protection measured by reduced nasal shedding; however, indirect contacts became infected, indicating that the reduction in nasal shedding did not prevent aerosol transmission. One LAIV vaccine provided complete protection, and none of the indirect-contact pigs became infected. Clinical disease was not observed in any group, including nonvaccinated animals, a consistent observation in pigs infected with contemporary reassortant H3N2 swine viruses. Serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against the challenge virus were not predictive of efficacy; titers following vaccination with a LAIV that provided sterilizing immunity were below the level considered protective, yet titers in a commercial vaccine group that was not protected were above that level. While vaccination with currently approved commercial inactivated products did not fully prevent transmission, certain vaccines may provide a benefit by limitating shedding, transmission, and zoonotic spillover of antigenically similar H3N2 viruses at agriculture fairs when administered appropriately and used in conjunction with additional control measures.
Validation of a Novel Assay to Distinguish Bacterial and Viral Infections

A novel 3-protein host-assay’s diagnostic performance for distinguishing between bacterial and viral etiologies is validated in a double-blind, investigator-driven study in febrile children. BACKGROUND: Reliably distinguishing bacterial from viral infections is often challenging, leading to antibiotic misuse. A novel assay that integrates measurements of blood-borne host-proteins (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, interferon γ-induced protein-10, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) was developed to assist in differentiation between bacterial and viral disease. METHODS: We performed double-blind, multicenter assay evaluation using serum remnants collected at 5 pediatric emergency departments and 2 wards from children ≥3 months to ≤18 years without (n = 68) and with (n = 529) suspicion of acute infection. Infectious cohort inclusion criteria were fever ≥38°C and symptom duration ≤7 days. The reference standard diagnosis was based on predetermined criteria plus adjudication by experts blinded to assay results. Assay performers were blinded to the reference standard. Assay cutoffs were predefined. RESULTS: Of 529 potentially eligible patients with suspected acute infection, 100 did not fulfill infectious inclusion criteria and 68 had insufficient serum. The resulting cohort included 361 patients, with 239 viral, 68 bacterial, and 54 indeterminate reference standard diagnoses. The assay distinguished between bacterial and viral patients with 93.8% sensitivity (95% confidence interval: 87.8%–99.8%) and 89.8% specificity (85.6%–94.0%); 11.7% had an equivocal assay outcome. The assay outperformed CRP (cutoff 40 mg/L; sensitivity 88.2% [80.4%–96.1%], specificity 73.2% [67.6%–78.9%]) and procalcitonin testing (cutoff 0.5 ng/mL; sensitivity 63.1% [51.0%–75.1%], specificity 82.3% [77.1%–87.5%]). CONCLUSIONS: Double-blinded evaluation confirmed high assay performance in febrile children. Assay was significantly more accurate than CRP, procalcitonin, and routine laboratory parameters. Additional studies are warranted to support its potential to improve antimicrobial treatment decisions.
Reproductive-somatic relationships in Loligo gahi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) from the Falkland Islands

Samples of Loligo gahi from the Falkland Islands Interim Conservation and Management Zone collected in March 1987 were analysed to determine the relationships between mass of reproductive and somatic organs during maturation. There was a progressive increase in mass of the reproductive organs with growth in males, while in females these organs did not show a conspicuous increase in mass until a body mass of c. 40 g was reached. No change was found in the mass of the digestive gland in relation to body mass or in the water content of male and female somatic tissues during maturation. Growth of reproductive organs in L. gahi seems to be supported by diet and not at the expense of somatic tissue.
The Role of Pedigree Information in Combined Linkage Disequilibrium and Linkage Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in a General Complex Pedigree

Combined linkage disequilibrium and linkage (LDL) mapping can exploit historical as well as recent and observed recombinations in a recorded pedigree. We investigated the role of pedigree information in LDL mapping and the performance of LDL mapping in general complex pedigrees. We compared using complete and incomplete genotypic data, spanning 5 or 10 generations of known pedigree, and we used bi- or multiallelic markers that were positioned at 1- or 5-cM intervals. Analyses carried out with or without pedigree information were compared. Results were compared with linkage mapping in some of the data sets. Linkage mapping or LDL mapping with sparse marker spacing (∼5 cM) gave a poorer mapping resolution without considering pedigree information compared to that with considering pedigree information. The difference was bigger in a pedigree of more generations. However, LDL mapping with closely linked markers (∼1 cM) gave a much higher mapping resolution regardless of using pedigree information. This study shows that when marker spacing is dense and there is considerable linkage disequilibrium generated from historical recombinations between flanking markers and QTL, the loss of power due to ignoring pedigree information is negligible and mapping resolution is very high.
Effects of Incorporation of Immunoglobulin G and Complement Component C1q on Uptake and Degradation of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Fibrils by Microglia*

Microglia are macrophage-like immune system cells found in the brain. They are associated with Alzheimer's Disease plaques, which contain fibrillar β-amyloid (fAβ) and other components such as complement proteins. We have shown previously that murine microglia bind and internalize fAβ microaggregates via the type A scavenger receptor, but degradation of internalized fAβ is significantly slower than normal degradation. In this study, we compared internalization by microglia of fAβ microaggregates to that of anti-Aβ-antibody-coated fAβ (IgG-fAβ) microaggregates and found that the uptake of the latter is increased by about 1.5-foldversus unmodified fAβ. The endocytic trafficking of IgG-fAβ is similar to that of fAβ microaggregates, following an endosomal/lysosomal pathway. We also compared the internalization of fAβ microaggregates to that of complement protein, C1q-coated fAβ microaggregates, and found that the levels of uptake are also increased by about 1.5-fold. Rates of degradation of both types of modified fAβ microaggregates are unchanged compared with unmodified fAβ microaggregates. We demonstrated by blocking studies that internalization of IgG-fAβ is mediated by Fc receptors. These data suggest that, in vivo, several different microglial receptors may play a part in internalizing fAβ, but the involvement of other receptors may not increase the degradation of fAβ.