Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloud-resolving simulation of heavy snowfalls in Japan for late December 2005: application of ocean data assimilation to a snow disaster

Abstract. We applied eddy-resolving ocean data assimilation to a cloud-resolving atmospheric simulation of a snow disaster and investigated the effects of mesoscale eddies on a heavy snowfall event in late December 2005. Ocean circulation model (OCM) data assimilation reproduces mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) structures, which are smoothed out by optimum interpolation. This difference between OCM-assimilation and optimum-interpolation SSTs affects the atmospheric boundary layers over oceanic mesoscale eddies. The atmospheric response to the SST difference is complex at the cold tongue in the central Sea of Japan. Although the horizontal wind and turbulent mixing are quickly and locally affected by the low SST, the atmospheric temperature and water amounts are greatly affected by the upstream high SST via the northwesterly advection. In the heavy snowfall areas, the OCM assimilation greatly affects 10-day accumulated precipitation, though it does not largely influence 10-day mean vertical structures of wind, temperature and water vapor. Thus, we should recognize the significance of oceanic mesoscale eddies for heavy snowfall.
Building Resilience against Adverse Shocks: What are the determinants of vulnerability and resilience?

This paper proposes a simple way to measure livelihood diversification, and uses this measure together with income levels to classify Bolivian households by level of vulnerability. Regression analysis is then carried out to determine the factors and strategies associated with high resilience or high vulnerability. The results show that the single most important strategy for resilience is to have a working and income earning spouse in the household. This is still much too uncommon in Bolivia. A second important factor is the age of the head of household. Young families are considerably more vulnerable than more mature families, as they have not had time to build up assets that can provide alternative sources of livelihood. One of the most surprising results of the study is that urban households are considerably more vulnerable to adverse shocks than rural households, whereas gender and ethnicity are irrelevant. The paper finishes with a comprehensive list of policy recommendations.
The valuation cost decreases as a function of extended exposure to a risky-choice procedure

Author(s): Camarena Perez, Hector Octavio; Garcia-Leal, Oscar | Abstract: Several studies in pigeons and rats have reported a predictable relation between latencies during no-choice trials and the ulterior preference in choice trials. The Sequential Choice Model (SCM) was proposed in 2008 to account for these results, and more importantly to make precise predictions about the correlation between latency and preference. Eight male Wistar rats were exposed to 48 sessions in a risk-sensitive procedure, each session was composed by 10 blocks of trials (2 no-choice and 4 choice trials). We analyzed data taking latencies of response and testing the SCM’s predictions. Our data support partially the SCM’s predictions, but a monotonic decrease to a floor effect in all latencies of response does not allow confirming all predictions. The results are discussed regarding a decrease in the valuation cost as a result of extended exposure, and arguing that diminishing latencies in this particular procedure contributed to increase the whole rate of reinforcement.
Analyzing the Price Skimming Strategy for New Product Pricing

This article presents a new model for pricing a new product considering skimming pricing strategy in the presence of competition. We consider two periods for price setting including skimming and economy period. The problem is deciding on skimming price as well as economy price in order to maximize the total profit. The derived model is a non-linear programming model and we analyzed the structure and properties of optimal solution to develop a solution method. Analytical results as well as managerial insights are presented by mathematical and numerical analysis.
Occurrence of mastitis pathogens in relation to somatic cells

VYLETĚLOVA KLIMESOVA MARCELA, HANUS OTO, HASOŇOVA LUCIE, ROUBAL PETR, MANGA IVAN, NEJESCHLEBOVA LUDMILA: Occurrence of mastitis pathogens in relation to somatic cells. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 5, pp. 1505– 1511 There were examined 161 cows from 4 farms in total. The suspect animals were selected according to viscosity test results, clinical symptoms and somatic cell count (SCC). Milk samples were examined for the presence of pathogens and for SCC. 55 mastitis pathogens were identifi ed. The most frequently isolated species was Enterococcus faecalis (n = 20), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6) and Streptococcus uberis (n = 5). The SCC ranged from 9 to 24 204 ths.ml −1 . There was positive
A suppliers' perspective of e-procurement integration in automobile industry

Most automakers find that integrating with their suppliers in an e-procurement environment able to help them streamlining information across diverse suppliers base. However, many barriers to the integration of e-procurement could hold back suppliers from realizing the integration with automakers (buyers). This study deals with e-procurement integration (EI) barriers within the Malaysian automobile industry, focusing on parts and components suppliers as the target respondents. A number of barriers, grouped as buyers, cultural, financial, IT and security barriers have been identified to influence suppliers decision to participate in EI network. However, only buyers barriers was identified as the major impediments to EI within the industry. This study also illustrates the effects of suppliers EI strategy and firm size on suppliers decisions in EI involvement. Overall, the suppliers who take on a passive approach to EI and large firm suppliers view buyers barrier as significant.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Two-Phase Orthodontic Treatment of Class II Malocclusions

Amaç: Bu çal›flman›n amac›, aktivatör apareyi ile bafllay›p edgewise apareyi ile devam eden tedaviden 8 y›l sonra meydana gelen dentoiskeletsel de¤ifliklikleri de¤erlendirmektir. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çal›flma, iskeletsel S›n›f II ve dental S›n›f II molar iliflkiye sahip 18 çocu¤u (10 erkek ve 8 k›z, yafllar› ortalamas› 12,2 ± 1,4 y›l) kapsamaktad›r. Çocuklar›n tedavi öncesinde (T1), ANB aç›lar› 4°’den ve overjetleri 7 mm‘den büyüktü. Standardize edilmifl lateral sefalogramlar sentrik oklüzyonda tedavi bafl›nda, aktivatör tedavisi sonunda, sabit aparey tedavisi sonras›nda ve sabit apareyler ç›kart›ld›ktan 6,2 y›l sonra al›nm›flt›r. On aç›sal ve 9 çizgisel sefalometrik ölçüm belirlenmifltir. Tedavi de¤iflikliklerini incelemek için efllefltirilmifl t-testi kullan›lm›flt›r. Bulgular: Aktif tedavi periyodu (T3) sonras›nda iskeletsel iliflki düzeldi ve maksiller ve mandibular uzunluklar (Co-A ve Co-Gn) ve SNB’de önemli (p=0,000) art›fl gözlenmifltir. Üst keserler önemli derecede (p=0.023) dikleflti ve retrüze (U1-NA) oldu. IMPA ve mandibular düzlem aç›s› (Go-Gn-SN) sabit kal›rken, SNA ve ANB aç›lar› önemli derecede (s›ras›yla, p=0,012, p=0,000) azalm›flt›r. SNA ve AN? FH’de ölçüm de¤erlerinin çok az bafllang›ç haline dönmesi d›fl›nda, T4’deki de¤ifliklikler T3 sonundaki ile uyumlu oldu¤u belirlenmifltir. Sonuç: Sabit edgewise apareyleri ile devam eden aktivatör aparey tedavisi ile elde edilen anteroposterior dentoiskeletsel de¤iflikliklerin 6,2 y›l boyunca sabit kald›¤› gösterilmifltir. (Türk Ortodonti Dergisi 2010;23:256-267)
Dividend payout policy, investment opportunity set and corporate financing in the industrial products sector of Malaysia

There are various factors that influence dividend payout policy of corporations; investment opportunity set and corporate financing are among the important ones. Numerous studies have been conducted on the topic of payout policy but less attention is paid on developing countries. In this paper the impact of investment opportunity set and corporate financing on dividend payout policy of Malaysian industrial products sector is investigated. The sample consists of 62 companies which were listed on the main board of Bursa Malaysia. The dependent variable is dividend payout which is measured by dividing dividend per share by earnings per share. On the other hand the independent variables are investment opportunity set and corporate financing. Tobinâ€™s q is used to measure investment opportunity set and financial leverage and debt maturity were used to measure corporate financing. Two proxies of profitability and risk were utilized as the control variables. The results suggest that investment opportunity set and debt maturity are the factors that significantly influence dividend payout policy of the sample firms. In addition, profitability and risk play significant role in determining dividend policy in the industrial products sector of Malaysia.
Impact of Special Economic Zones on Employment, Poverty and Human Development

This study aims at examining the impact of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) on human development and poverty reduction in India. It identifies three channels through which SEZs address these issues : employment generation, skill formation (human capital development), and technology and knowledge upgradation. It examines how the impact of SEZs is passed through each of these channels. The study finds that the modality differs significantly according to the characteristics of the SEZs, in particular, the level of their development as reflected in the composition of economic activities. Within this framework, the study examines the sectoral and economic composition of SEZ activities in India. It finds that labour intensive, skill intensive and technology intensive firms co exist in Indias zones and, therefore argues that all the three effects described above are likely to be important in the Indian context. Empirical findings reported in the study are based on the data collected from both secondary sources and primary surveys. The primary survey based data was generated through extensive interviews of entrepreneurs and workers across the three largest SEZs (in terms of their contribution to exports and employment) : SEEPZ, Madras and Noida. The analysis reveals that employment generation has been the most important channel through which SEZs lend themselves to human development concerns, in India. Employment generated by zones is remunerative. Wage rates are not lower than those prevailing outside the zones. Besides, working conditions, non monetary benefits (such as transport, health and food facilities), incentive packages and social security systems are better than those prevailing outside the zones, in particular, in the small/informal sector. The role of SEZs in human capital formation and technology upgradation is found to be rather limited. The study argues that the zones potential could not be exploited fully in India. This could primarily be attributed to the limited success of SEZs in attracting investment and promoting exports. The new SEZ policy gives a major thrust to SEZs. However the creation of SEZs alone does not ensure the realization of their potential. The government will need to play a more proactive role for effective realization of the full range of benefits from SEZs.
SMOOTHING NON-EQUISPACED HEAVY NOISY DATA WITH WAVELETS

We consider a nonparametric noisy data model Yk = f (xk) + †k, k = 1;:::;n, where the unknown signal f : (0; 1) → R is assumed to belong to a wide range of function classes, including discontinuous functions, and the † 0s are inde- pendent identically distributed noises with zero median. The distribution of the noise is assumed to be unknown and to satisfy some weak conditions. Possible noise distributions may have heavy tails, so that, for example, no moments of the noise exist. The design points are assumed to be deterministic points, not necessarily equispaced within the interval (0; 1). Since the functions can be nonsmooth and the noise may have heavy tails, traditional estimation methods (for example, ker- nel methods) cannot be applied directly in this situation. As in Brown, Cai, and Zhou (2008), our approach first uses local medians to construct certain variables Zk structured as a Gaussian nonparametric regression but, unlike in this paper, the resulting data being not equispaced, we apply a wavelet block penalizing proce- dure adapted to non-equidistant designs to construct an estimator of the regression function. Under mild assumptions on the design it is shown that our estimator simultaneously attains the optimal rate of convergence over a wide range of Besov classes, without prior knowledge of the smoothness of the underlying functions or prior knowledge of the error distribution. The performance of our procedures is evaluated on simulated data sets covering a broad variety of settings and on some data examples, and are compared with other proposals made in the literature for treating similar problems.
Particulate organic matter and chlorophyll in the surface layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean along 135 "

Vertical and horizontal distributions of chlorophyll (chl) a, phaeopigment, particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) in the euphotic zone were studied on a transect across the equatorial Paclfic at ca 135' W from 12's to 15" N. POC. PON, chl, and nutrient concentrations were highest near the equator. Despite a coincidence of maximum POC, and PON levels with the subsurface chl maximum (SCM), photoadaptation appears to play the predominant role in the vertical distribution of chl along this equatorial transect. The size distribution of the above properties was examined within the mixed layer and SCM across the same transect. Small particles (< 10 pm) dominated at both depths. In general, phytoplankton cells constituted only a small proportion of the particulate organic matter, particularly in the < 1 pm fraction which had higher proportions of detritus than the other fractions. The residence time of POC outside the equatorial region was 14 d. In the equatorial upwelling region the residence time was shorter (6 to 7 d), indicating that the suspended particles were turning over more rapidly. Results suggest that particulate loss by grazing is the predominant removal mechanism rather than advection or sedimentation. This suggestion is supported by the distributions of phaeopigment to chl a ratios, and the observed particle size distributions.
Unsteady MHD Couette Flow with Heat Transfer in the Presence of Uniform Suction and Injection

The unsteady Couette flow of an electrically conducting, viscous, incompressible fluid bounded by two parallel non–conducting porous plates is studied with heat transfer. An external uniform magnetic field and a uniform suction and injection are applied perpendicular to the plates while the fluid motion is subjected to a constant pressure gradient. The two plates are kept at different but constant temperatures while the Joule and viscous dissipations are included in the energy equation. The effect of the magnetic field and the uniform suction and injection on both the velocity and temperature distributions is examined.
Housing Strategies and Quality of Housing in Nigeria: what lessons from Wales?

This paper discusses the strategies for the provision of housing in Nigeria and the nexus with quality of housing. It reviews the various approaches at the provision of housing for Nigerian urban and rural dwellers since the independence of Nigeria over fifty years ago. The paper notes that housing need in Nigeria particularly in urban centres has continued to increase phenomenally while effective demand by the vast majority of the populace has not shown any visible improvement. It further notes that a consequence of all the interplay of forces in housing provision has been poor quality of housing in the country. It takes a look at housing provision in Wales, UK and the strategies used in achieving this, and draws a correlation with the Nigerian situation. It asserts that there are lessons to be learnt from Wales in improving housing provision and reducing the level of housing inadequacy in Nigeria. Keywords: nexus, Nigeria, quality, strategies, Wales.
Managing health professionals in the context of limited resources: a fine line between corruption and the need for moonlighting

It is fashionable to blame governments and civil servants for the public sector's dismal performances as a health care provider. Doctors and nurses in government employment are labeled 'unproductive', 'poorly motivated', 'inefficient', 'client unfriendly', 'absent' or even 'corrupt'. The moralistic connotations of these simplistic characterizations do not help. The widespread 'demotivation' is said to be due to 'unfair public salaries' which are presented as the de facto justification of 'inevitable' predatory behavior and public-to-private brain-drain. In many countries, developed and developing alike, this has eroded the implicit psychological and social contracts that underlie the civil service values of well-functioning public organizations. There is a stark contrast between the apparent easiness of victim blaming and the reluctance of official discourse to face up to the problem. This paper reports on income generation among civil servants in the health sector. It approaches the subject of corruption in general and the strategies that have been suggested and/or tried to deal with them. It then looks at organized crime and corruption in the health sector. It goes on to argue that many of the current coping strategy practices of health personnel in many countries cannot be simplistically equated with corruption, although there is fine line separating the two. There is surprisingly little hard evidence about the extent to which health staff resorts to such coping strategies, about the balance of economic and other motives for doing so, or about the consequences for the proper use of the scarce public resources dedicated to health in developing countries. These personal coping strategies are, many times, a necessary means of trying to meet the survival needs of the health workers, reflecting the inability of health ministries and international development agencies to ensure adequate salaries and working conditions. They have obvious negative impacts that have to be addressed.
Altmetric gender bias? - An exploratory study

The purpose of this study was to explore the existence of a gender bias in scholarly social media, specifically in the free, online reference manager Mendeley. Users of the online reference manager, Mendeley, are designated as “readers”, and Mendeley records and displays the number of users (“readers”) who saved/bookmarked the specific item to their reference libraries. In this paper we compare the number of readers of articles for which at least one author was male to the number of readers of articles for which at least one author was female. Our dataset was comprised of the publications of 60 women and 233 men. The researchers in this study were astrophysicists. Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science (WOS) was used to retrieve 12,000 publications of the above mentioned researchers. We searched for the number of Mendeley readers of each of these publications and calculated the average number of readers per male versus female authored publications. The analysis shows that that the average number of readers of publications of female authored publications was slightly higher than that of male authored publications, but the proportion of male authored publications found on Mendeley was slightly higher than on Web of Science. In addition male authored publications had the highest number of Mendeley readers in the dataset. To sum up, this exploratory study did not find concrete evidence for gender bias on Mendeley.
Effects of copper glycine chelate on liver and faecal mineral concentrations, and blood parameters in broilers

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of Cu-glycine chelate on the chemical composition of the liver and blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 250 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were allotted into 5 groups with 5 replicates of 10 birds each. Rearing of birds lasted 42 days. In the experiment Cu was added to the premix in the form of CuSO4 (16 mg, 8 mg Cu), and in the form of Cu glycine chelate (16 mg, 8 mg, 4 mg Cu). The parameters in the chickens’ blood remained within the range of physiological norms when lower levels of the analyzed elements were added. Adding lower levels of Cu (8 or 4 mg·kg-1) in comparison with the recommended doses (16 mg·kg-1) for broilers, in the form of highly assimilable organic sources, did not reduce the content of minerals Cu, Fe, and Zn in the chickens’ liver, but reduced the faecal Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations compared to CuSO4.
Enhancing Mentorship in Psychiatry and Health Sciences: A Study Investigating Needs and Preferences in the Development of a Mentoring Program

Preferences for the delivery of department-led mentorship programs are important to understanding and closing the gap between mentorship need and mentorship actualization. The objective of this paper is to, therefore, describe the perceived needs and barriers to mentorship in a postgraduate psychiatry program through separate mixed-methods surveys for psychiatry residents and health sciences faculty at a Canadian University. The surveys explored (1) the prevalence of mentorship, (2) barriers to adequate mentorship, and (3) program initiatives that could address these barriers. Qualitative responses were analyzed using an inductive analytic approach. The results of both surveys revealed that while psychiatry residents and faculty believed mentorship to be important for career success, fewer than half of residents (33%) or faculty (47%) reported receiving mentorship in the department. Residents and faculty ranked lack of exposure to mentorship, and lack of time as their top barrier to mentorship, respectively. The following components of a mentorship program were described as ideal: (1) the ability to choose one's own mentor, (2) training sessions for mentors, and (3) faculty mentoring webpage profiles to facilitate the matching of interests. Respondents suggested that mentoring program developers should foster a culture encouraging mentorship, seek mentors outside of regular program-related supervision, allow mentees to choose a mentor, and establishing structure, through aligning expectations and goal setting in mentoring relationships. There is a gap between desire for mentorship and actualization. Program developers in psychiatry medical education may choose to incorporate these findings to enhance mentorship.