Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facial skin cancers among yemenis patients: A prospective hospital-based study

Objective: the aim is to study the facial skin cancer among Yemenis, determine the common types, common sites, the pattern of the disease, and the possible risk factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: The study is a prospective descriptive hospital-based study carried out at Al-Gomhori Teaching Hospital in Sana'a. The material consisted of Yemen patients attending the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and who were diagnosed clinically and histopathologically with having facial skin cancer. Patients who had previous treatment (surgical, radiation, or chemotherapy) or who have recurrent cancer, or who refused to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Results: During the study period, 100 cases of facial skin cancers were seen, 66 cases (66%) were male and 34 cases (34%) were female. The male-to-female ratio was 1.9–1. The majority of patients (94%) were over the age of 40 years, and the peak incidence was the 7th decade of life. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common type accounting for 72% followed by squamous cell carcinoma 27% and malignant melanoma 1%. The infra-orbital region was the most affected site accounting (21%), followed by the naso-labial region and the nose (18%) for each, the temporal region (14%) and the check (12%). Outdoor work was the main risk factor and associated with the development of 70% of facial skin cancer. Conclusion: Facial skin cancers in Yemen still remains the disease of the elderly and deprived patients. The majority of patients (94%) were over the age of 40 years. Males were affected more than females. The male to female ratio was 1.9-1. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common type. Infera-orbital region was the most affected site, followed by the Naso-labial region. Prolonged exposure to sunlight (outdoor work) was the main risk factor that play an important role to development of facial skin cancer among Yemenis.
Gr upSM Tissue Engineering Approaches for the Study and Therapeutic Intervention in Osteoarthritis CARTILAGE

Cartilage is a mechanically responsive tissue with morphologically complex structure, consisting entirely of one cell type (the chondrocyte) existing in various differentiation states. It plays important roles in developing bone (growth plate cartilage) and as protection against mechanical impacts on mature bone (articular cartilage) [1]. Pathological changes to articular cartilage structure and homeostasis lead to osteoarthritis (OA), which presents a heavy welfare burden on our rapidly aging society [2]. OA is thought to result from microdamage to cartilage and the subsequent repair/damage events which lead to OA progression [3,4]. Extracellular changes associated with ageing, such as increase in collagen fiber diameters and the incidence of collagen cross-links and a decrease in proteogly can content, lead to reduced tissue stiffness, making the tissue more prone to injury. Furthermore, during ageing the chondrocytes senesce, slow their metabolic activity and eventually die and the remodelling capabilities of the tissue decrease, leading to an increased OA susceptibility following injury related trauma [5–8]. In OA, diarthrodial joints undergo degradation towards the sub chondral bone leading to pain and formation of fibro cartilage with dramatically altered mechanical properties. OA is particularly noticeable in hips, knees, hands and feet [9,10]. Thais De Iasheras Ruiz and Katarzyna Anna Piróg* Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK *Corresponding author: Katarzyna Anna Piróg, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK. Email: Katarzyna.Pirog@newcastle.ac. uk
Bayesian Model Calibration with Interpolating Polynomials based on Adaptively Weighted Leja Nodes

An efficient algorithm is proposed for Bayesian model calibration, which is commonly used to estimate the model parameters of non-linear, computationally expensive models using measurement data. The approach is based on Bayesian statistics: using a prior distribution and a likelihood, the posterior distribution is obtained through application of Bayes' law. Our novel algorithm to accurately determine this posterior requires significantly fewer discrete model evaluations than traditional Monte Carlo methods. The key idea is to replace the expensive model by an interpolating surrogate model and to construct the interpolating nodal set maximizing the accuracy of the posterior. To determine such a nodal set an extension to weighted Leja nodes is introduced, based on a new weighting function. We prove that the convergence of the posterior has the same rate as the convergence of the model. If the convergence of the posterior is measured in the Kullback-Leibler divergence, the rate doubles. The algorithm and its theoretical properties are verified in three different test cases: analytical cases that confirm the correctness of the theoretical findings, Burgers' equation to show its applicability in implicit problems, and finally the calibration of the closure parameters of a turbulence model to show the effectiveness for computationally expensive problems.
Prevalence of depression among pregnant women attending ANC follow up mothers at higher two health center, Jimma teaching health center, Shenen Gibe hospital and JUSH, Jimma Town, Oromia Regional State, South West Ethiopia

Introduction: Depression is a serious psychiatric problem for women affecting their overall health, it has a negative impact on pregnancy and its outcomes maternal depression also increases risk factor for suicide and infanticide. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression among pregnant women attending ANC follow up clinic at higher two health center, Jimma teaching health center, Shenen Gibe hospital and JUSH. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 228 pregnant women having ANC follow up at public health care setting in Jimma town, from May 29 to June 7, 2018, using convenience sampling technique. Data was collected using both interviewer administered and self-administered structured and pretested questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 and descriptive statistics and chi-square test was done to assess association between variables, which declared at p-value less than 0.05. Finally obtained results presented using simple frequency tables and charts. Results: A total of 228 mothers participated in the study, 88 (38.6%) of the respondents were between 25-29 years of age, 104 (45.6%) were Oromo, 100 (43.9%) were Muslim, 90 (39.5%) were illiterate, and 67 (29.4%) of them were house wife. One hundred thirty eight (71.9%) were multi gravid, 136 (59.6%) were second trimester, 48 (21.1%) had history of abortion, 128 (56.1%) and 152 (66.7%) of respondents reported that pregnancy was planned and supported, 12 (5.3%) had past history of mental illness, 24 (10.5%) reported family history of mental illness, 20 (8.8%) had history of khat chewing and 40 (20.6%) had history of violence in the past one year. Eighty (35.09%) of them were possibly depressed. Age, ethnicity, marital status, educational status, and occupation of the mothers were socio demographic characteristics strongly associated with maternal depression (p=0.000), and vidity, history of life time abortion, unplanned pregnancy, personal past history of mental illness, family history of mental illness and history of partner violence were maternal characteristics strongly associated with maternal depression (p<0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of depression among respondents was found to be higher. Socio demographic and maternal characteristics were found to be factors strongly associated with maternal depression.
Attacking dynamic code

Typically, code-reuse attacks exhibit unique characteristics in the control flow (and the data flow) that allow for generic protections, regardless of the language an application was programmed in. For example, if one can afford to monitor all return instructions in an application while maintaining a full shadow call stack, even advanced ROP-based attacks [Göktas et al. 2014a, Carlini and Wagner 2014, Davi et al. 2014, Göktaş et al. 2014b, Schuster et al. 2014] cannot be mounted [Frantzen and Shuey 2001, Abadi et al. 2005a, Davi et al. 2011]. In this chapter, we present a form of code-reuse attack we call Counterfeit Object-Oriented Programming (COOP) that is different: COOP exploits the fact that each C++ virtual function is address taken, which means that a static code pointer exists to it. Accordingly, C++ applications usually contain a high ratio of address-taken functions, typically a significantly higher one compared to C applications. If, for example, an imprecise CFI solution does not consider C++ semantics, then these functions are all likely valid indirect call targets [Abadi et al. 2005a] and can thus be abused. COOP exclusively relies on C++ virtual functions that are invoked through corresponding calling sites as gadgets. Hence, without deeper knowledge of the semantics of an application developed in C++, COOP's control flow cannot reasonably be distinguished from a benign one. Another important difference to existing codereuse attacks is that in COOP conceptually no code pointers (e.g., return addresses or function pointers) are injected or manipulated. As such, COOP is immune to defenses that protect the integrity and authenticity of code pointers. Moreover, in COOP, gadgets do not work relative to the stack pointer. Instead, gadgets are invoked relative to the this-ptr on a set of adversary-defined counterfeit objects. Note that in C++ the this-ptr allows an object to access its own address. Addressing relative to the this-ptr implies that COOP cannot be mitigated by defenses that prevent the stack pointer to point to the program's heap [Fratric 2012], which is typically the case for ROP-based attacks launched through a heap-based memory corruption vulnerability. The counterfeit objects used in a COOP attack typically overlap such that data can be passed from one gadget to another. Even in a simple COOP program, positioning counterfeit objects manually can become complicated. Hence, we implemented a programming framework that leverages the Z3 SMT solver [de Moura and Bjørner 2008] to derive the object layout of a COOP program automatically. The main results of this chapter were published in a previous conference paper [Schuster et al. 2015] and in a Ph.D. dissertation [Schuster 2015]. In this chapter, we streamline the presentation and highlight the challenges when attempting to protect against COOP-like attacks. Certain details are omitted and interested readers are referred to closely related publications on this topic.
Tribooxidation as a Way to Improve the Wear Resistance of Cutting Tools

This paper generalizes the results of our research, which was aimed at the development of adaptive cutting tool coatings for high speed dry cutting, from the inception of the idea to complex multilayer coatings for processing tough metals. Typically, the streams of external energy and matter during high speed cutting are causing damage to the tool materials and to the hard, protective coatings through multiple mechanical and chemical processes including oxidation, however these oxidation processes could be used to improve the tools’ lifetime. The structure and the phase transformations on the wear surface in the nanostructured single layer and nanolaminated multilayer PVD coatings were investigated by a set of electron spectroscopy methods. The dynamics of the secondary phase formation on the various stages of tool life is demonstrated. The obtained results show that the enhancement of non-equilibrium processes during friction leads to a dominating formation of protective triboceramics on a base of sapphire-like, tungsten, and niobium polyvalent oxides with a structure which decisively improves the wear performance. The mechanisms of the formation of non-equilibrium protective oxides at high speed dry cutting and the non-equilibrium thermodynamics approaches for the tribooxidation description are discussed. Polyvalent metals and multilayer coatings provide a wider set of protective oxide nanofilms.
Teaching styles and instructional flows in chemistry course: A pattern for a 5-step, 5-cycle teaching model

This study aimed to make a teaching model out of the instructional flows of the teachers teaching engineering chemistry course. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the teaching styles the teachers used in the actually delivery of the chemistry lessons. Thus, this is a descriptive study on the teaching style employed and learning styles catered to in the actual teaching of a general chemistry course. In the process, instructional flows were described leading to a new teaching model, the Five-Step, Five-Cycle Teaching model. This new teaching model is hoped to guide teachers who will be assigned to teach engineering chemistry course. Classroom observations were done to describe the instructional flows, teaching style and learning styles in the actual teaching of general chemistry. The general chemistry teachers employed the content-sensing, presentation-verbal, and perception-sequential teaching styles in all the meetings, participation-active TS was employed in most meetings while presentation-visual was employed the least. The teaching catered to sensing, verbal, sequential learning styles in all the meetings, to active LS in most meetings, and visual LS the least. The teachers used six (6) steps instructional flows with one to three cycles. This led to the theoretical formulation of the Five-Step, Five-Cycle Teaching model.
Optimal estimation of tropospheric H 2 O and δD with IASI/METOP

We present optimal estimates of tropospheric H2O and D derived from radiances measured by the instrument IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) flown on EUMETSAT's polar orbiter METOP. We document that the IASI spectra allow for retrieving H2O profiles between the surface and the upper troposphere as well as middle tro- pospheric D values. A theoretical error estimation suggests a precision for H2O of better than 35 % in the lower tro- posphere and of better than 15 % in the middle and upper troposphere, respectively, whereby surface emissivity and atmospheric temperature uncertainties are the leading error sources. For the middle tropospheric D values we estimate a precision of 15-20 ‰ with the measurement noise being the dominating error source. The accuracy of the IASI products is estimated to about 20-10 % and 10 ‰ for lower to upper tropospheric H2O and middle tropospheric D, respectively. It is limited by systematic uncertainties in the applied spec- troscopic parameters and the a priori atmospheric tempera- ture profiles. We compare our IASI products to a large num- ber of near coincident radiosonde in-situ and ground-based FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) remote sensing mea- surements. The bias and the scatter between the different H2O and D data sets are consistent with the combined theo- retical uncertainties of the involved measurement techniques.
Value Uncertainty

We examine how time-series volatility of book-to-market (UNC) is priced in equity returns and the relative contributions of its book volatility (variations in earnings and book value) and market volatility components (shocks in required return). UNC captures valuation risk, so stocks with high valuation risk earn higher return. An investment strategy long in high-UNC firms and short in low-UNC firms generates 8.5% annual risk-adjusted return. UNC valuation risk premium is driven by outperformance of high-UNC firms facing higher information risk and is not explained by established risk factors and firm characteristics. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance. Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from Spain’s Ministry of Education [Grant EC02011-24928], Generalitat de Catalonia [Grant 2014-SGR-1079], Banc Sabadell, the Bank of Cyprus, and the European Social Fund. M. El Hefnawy acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [Grant PID2021-128994NA-I00]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023. 4888 .
Metabolic syndrome in overweight / obese female adolescents

Instituição: Centro de Estudos em Saúde e Nutrologia Infantojuvenil (CESNI) da Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (Unaerp), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil 1Doutora pela Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp); Chefe do Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Unaerp, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil 2Doutor pela Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Unesp; Professor Assistente Doutor da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Unesp, Araraquara, SP, Brasil 3Doutor pela Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo; Professor do curso de Medicina da Unaerp, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil ABSTRACT
Hourly changes in accident risk for bus drivers

Traffic accident risk has in some studies been found to change with the time of day, after controlling for exposure, probably due to diurnal changes in the human body, which changes alertness. However, exposure data are not always of good quality, and culpability for accidents is not always taken into account. The change in culpable accident risk over the day for bus drivers was therefore investigated, with single accidents analysed separately, using induced exposure (non-culpable bus accidents) as well as general traffic density and number of buses on the road as controlling factors. It was found that the risk distribution was fairly similar to some previous results before controlling for exposure, but dissimilar to other, probably indicating that bus drivers have a somewhat different risk profile, but also that previous studies may not have controlled for exposure in a reliable way. When exposure was held constant, the risk distribution was different from all other studies. The three different exposure measures correlated strongly between themselves, and each would seem to be adequate for a basic control. However, although general traffic density was most strongly correlated with culpable bus accidents, the induced exposure parameter added some explained variance. Single accidents had a very different risk distribution as compared to other culpable accidents when exposure had been held constant. A number of unexpected effects were also noted, mainly that single accidents were associated most strongly with general traffic density.
The Effect of Endorsement and Brand Image on Purchase Decision of Online Culinary Product

The technology advancement nowadays affect the way people think and people’s habit, especially in doing business through online channels by utilizing social media. In the online purchase, one of the many references leading in buying a particular product is from other buyers’ review of a product, and sometimes a social media user with many “followers” will “endorse” a particular product. There are few steps leading to buying decision. Buyers (consumers) will be more critical in deciding the product that they want to buy. Thus, a references and image of a certain brand of a product can act as a decision maker for the consumer. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of endorse and brand image on purchase decisions of online culinary products. This research is a quantitative descriptive research. The populations in this study are the college students in STIE-STMIK IBBI Medan with 347 students as sample. The sampling technique used an accidental sampling method. This research is using Path analysis. The result showing that endorse and brand image has significantly impacted the purchase decision of online culinary product, but in this models endorse has give more dominant impact to purchase decision of online culinary product rather than brand image.
Dust deposition in Antarctica in glacial and interglacial climate conditions: a modelling study

The mineral dust cycle responds to climate variations and plays an important role in the climate system by affecting the radiative balance of the atmosphere and modifying biogeochemistry. Polar ice cores provide a unique information about deposition of aeolian dust particles transported over long distance. These cores are a paleoclimate proxy archive of climate variability thousands of years ago. The current study is a first attempt to simulate past interglacial dust cycles with a global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM. The results are used to explain the dust deposition changes in Antarctica in terms of quantitative contribution of different processes, such as emission, atmospheric transport and precipitation, which will help to interpret paleodata from Antarctic ice cores. The investigated periods include four interglacial time-slices such as the pre-industrial control (CTRL), mid-Holocene (6000 yr BP), last glacial inception (115 000 yr BP) and Eemian (126 000 yr BP). One glacial time interval, which is Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (21 000 yr BP) was simulated as well as to be a reference test for the model. Results suggest an increase of mineral dust deposition globally, and in Antarctica, in the past interglacial periods relative to the pre-industrial CTRL simulation. Approximately two thirds of the increase in the mid-Holocene and Eemian is attributed to enhanced Southern Hemisphere dust emissions. Slightly strengthened transport efficiency causes the remaining one third of the increase in dust deposition. The moderate change of dust deposition in Antarctica in the last glacial inception period is caused by the slightly stronger poleward atmospheric transport efficiency compared to the pre-industrial. Maximum dust deposition in Antarctica was simulated for the glacial period. LGM dust deposition in Antarctica is substantially increased due to 2.6 times higher Southern Hemisphere dust emissions, two times stronger atmospheric transport towards Antarctica, and 30% weaker precipitation over the Southern Ocean. The model is able to reproduce the order of magnitude of dust deposition globally and in Antarctica for the pre-industrial and LGM climates.
Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Eğitsel Oyun Tasarlama ve Sürece İlişkin Görüşler: Bir Durum Çalışması

Bu calismada fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylarinin egitsel oyun tasarlama becerilerinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Bu arastirmada nitel arastirma yontemlerinden olan durum calismasi desenlerinden biri olan butuncul tek durum deseni kullanilmistir. Calismaya Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi’nde ucuncu sinifta ogrenim goren 57 fen bilgisi ogretmen adayi katilmistir. Fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylarinin egitsel oyun tasarlama surecini degerlendirmelerini saglamak amaciyla 4 boyuttan ve 17 maddeden olusan bir rubrik gelistirilmistir. Ayrica arastirmacilar tarafindan yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu gelistirilmistir. 18 fen bilgisi ogretmen adayiyla gorusmeler gerceklestirilmistir. Fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylarinin gorusleri incelendiginde fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylari egitsel oyunlarin kalici ve yaparak yasayarak ogrenme sagladigini belirtmislerdir. Ogretmen adaylari derslerde egitsel oyunlarin kullaniminin artirilmasina yonelik olarak ogretmenlere egitim verilmesi gerektigi ve ogretmen adaylarinin oyun bulma konusunda sikinti yasadigi konusunda gorus bildirmislerdir. Sonuc olarak bu calismanin fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylarinin egitsel oyun tasarlama becerilerine katki sagladigi dusunulmektedir.