Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice

During the past ten to 15 years, maternal-fetal medicine has seen the publication of several books aimed at providing the subspecialist with a comprehensive text/reference work. These attempts, however, have more often than not missed the mark because of incomplete content, inadequate depth beyond that found in textbooks of obstetrics, excessively specialized chapters by multiple contributors focused on their own research, or a nonobstetric perinatal perspective. Contrary to their predecessors, Creasy and Resnik have masterfully encompassed the boundaries of the subspecialty in their textbook, Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice . This work is logically separated into four parts: early fetal development and the environment, diagnostic modalities in maternal-fetal medicine, maternal and fetal pathophysiology, and the neonate. Each part is subdivided into chapters written by leaders in the field, many of whom are both scientists and practicing academic obstetric perinatologists. The flavor is, therefore, distinctly practical with as firm a basis in
What is the optimal number of implants for removable reconstructions? A systematic review on implant-supported overdentures.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to assess the optimal number of implants for removable reconstructions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Medline and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched and complemented by hand searching. All trials published in English to October 2011 were included, in which overdentures, supported by a various number of implants, in adult edentulous individuals were compared. Only randomized controlled trials with at least 12 months follow-up were selected. The outcomes of interest were implant loss, the amount of peri-implant bone loss, the incidence of complications and the patient satisfaction. RESULTS No articles were found providing information regarding the maxilla. Eleven studies on the mandible were included for the final comparative analysis. It was possible to make a comparison among four categories: (i) 1 vs. 2 implants; (ii) 2 implants with ball attachments vs. 4 implants with a bar; (iii) 2 implants with a bar vs. 4 implants with a bar; (iv) 2 implants splinted with a bar vs. 2 unsplinted implants. CONCLUSION For the maxilla there are no studies, at the present time, that can be utilized to address the question of how many implants should support an overdenture. For the mandible, it cannot be concluded that bone loss, patient satisfaction, or number of complications is significantly related to the number of implants supporting the overdenture. Furthermore, splinting two implants does not seem to offer additional value. Well conducted research is needed to identify the prognostic factors for long-term success.
Age-Related Changes in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Performances of 8- to 11-Year-Old Turkish Children

The leading aim of the present study was to examine developmental trends in performance on a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in Turkish children. Participants were 449 children aged between 8 and 11. Findings suggested that children's WCST scores improve with age, and developmental changes in executive functions follow distinct processes as assessed by different components of the WCST. The most striking improvement was noted in perseverative tendencies around age 10. This study also explored the effects of parental education on WCST performances of children, and maternal education emerged as the most important predictor.
Systematic review of the survival rate and the incidence of biological, technical, and aesthetic complications of single crowns on implants reported in longitudinal studies with a mean follow-up of 5 years.

OBJECTIVE To assess the 5-year survival of implant-supported single crowns (SCs) and to describe the incidence of biological, technical, and aesthetic complications. The focused question was: What is the survival rate of implants supporting single crowns and implant-supported crowns with a mean follow-up of 5 years and to which extent do biological, technical, and aesthetic complications occur? METHODS A Medline search (2006-2011) was performed for clinical studies focusing on implant-supported SCs with a mean follow-up of at least 5 years. The search was complemented by an additional hand search and the inclusion of 24 studies from a previous systematic review (Jung et al. 2008a). Survival and complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson's regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5- and 10-year proportions. RESULTS Forty-six studies derived from an initial search count of 1083 titles and the complementary publications from the previous systematic review (Jung et al. 2008a) were selected and the data were extracted. Based on the meta-analysis, survival of implants supporting SCs at 5 years amounted to 97.2% (95% CI: 96.3-97.9%), and at 10 years amounted to 95.2% (95% CI: 91.8-97.2%). The survival of implant-supported SCs was 96.3% (95% CI: 94.2-97.6%) after 5 years and 89.4% (95% CI: 82.8-93.6%) after 10 years. For biological complications, a 5-year cumulative soft tissue complication rate of 7.1% (95% CI: 4.4-11.3%) and a cumulative complication rate for implants with bone loss >2 mm of 5.2% (95% CI: 3.1-8.6%) were calculated. Technical complications reached a cumulative incidence of 8.8% (95% CI: 5.1-15.0%) for screw-loosening, 4.1% (95% CI: 2.2-7.5%) for loss of retention, and 3.5% (95% CI: 2.4-5.2%) for fracture of the veneering material after 5 years. The cumulative 5-year aesthetic complication rate amounted to 7.1% (95% CI: 3.6-13.6%). CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of the meta-analysis demonstrated high implant survival rates for both the single tooth implants and the respective single crowns after 5 and 10 years. However, technical, biological, and aesthetic complications were frequent.
A Randomized, Open-Label Pilot Study Comparing Desirudin and Argatroban in Patients With Suspected Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia With or Without Thrombosis: PREVENT-HIT Study

Because of an extreme risk for thromboemboli, patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) require immediate initiation of an alternative anticoagulant. The only therapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration require intravenous infusion of expensive direct thrombin inhibitors. This prospective, randomized, open-label, exploratory study compared the clinical and economic utility of subcutaneous desirudin vs argatroban, the most frequently used agent for suspected or immunologically confirmed HIT, with or without thrombosis. Sixteen patients were randomized to treatment with fixed-dose desirudin (15 or 30 mg) every 12 hours or activated partial thromboplastin time-adjusted argatroban by intravenous infusion. Arm A included 8 patients naive to direct thrombin inhibitor therapy, whereas Arm B included 8 patients on argatroban for at least 24 hours before randomization. The primary efficacy measure was the composite of new or worsening thrombosis (objectively documented), amputation, or death. Other end points included major and minor bleeding while on drug therapy, time to platelet count recovery, and pharmacoeconomics. No amputations or deaths occurred. One patient randomized to argatroban had worsening of an existing thrombosis. Major bleeding occurred in 2 patients on argatroban and in none during desirudin treatment. There was 1 minor bleed in each treatment group. The average medication cost per course of treatment was $1688 for desirudin and $8250 for argatroban. Desirudin warrants further study as a potentially cost-effective alternative to argatroban in patients with suspected HIT.
Embryonal serum α‐globulin in cancer patients: Diagnostic value

Sera of 308 patients, of whom 242 were suffering from various types of tumours and 66 from non‐cancerous diseases, were tested for the presence of αf‐globulin. The reaction was positive in 17 out of 28 patients with primary cancer of the liver. Among these there were 18 cases with tumours of the hepatocellular type, and 14 of these gave a positive αf‐globulin reaction. The test was negative in 67 patients with metastatic liver tumours.
Test–Retest Reliability and Practice Effects of Executive Function Tasks in Preschool Children

This study examined the test-retest reliability of executive function tasks in preschool children. Measures of working memory, response inhibition, attentional flexibility, and planning were administered to thirty three preschool children between the ages of 36 and 72 months (M = 54.75 months) on two testing occasions approximately three weeks apart (M interval = 21.64 days). Working memory tasks showed higher test-retest reliability than measures of response inhibition. There were significant practice effects on three measures of complex working memory. Implications of these findings for the assessment of executive function in preschool children are discussed.
Correlation between periodontal status and biting force in patients with chronic periodontitis during the maintenance phase of therapy.

AIM The association between periodontal status and biting force is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between periodontal status and biting force in patients with chronic periodontitis during the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 198 patients, who had entered a periodontal maintenance programme, were examined for the presence of restorations on the occlusal surface, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing, and mobility of teeth. Quantitative analysis of total biting force, occlusal contact area and biting pressure (defined by biting force per 1 mm(2) of occlusal contact area) was performed using microcapsular pressure-sensitive sheets. RESULTS A multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that total biting force and occlusal contact area were positively associated with the number of present teeth and negatively associated with female gender, mean CAL and mean probing pocket depth. Biting pressure was positively associated with CAL. CONCLUSIONS Reduced periodontal support was found to be associated with decreased total biting force and with increased biting pressure (defined as force per 1 mm(2) of occlusal contact area).
Validity and Reliability of a Persian Translation of the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS)

Cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and validated batteries are limited in languages other than English. We aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, validate, and assess reliability of Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS) in Persian. The MACFIMS is a well-constructed battery in the MS literature. The battery was adapted to Persian in accordance with available guidelines. A total of 158 MS patients and 90 controls underwent neuropsychological assessment. For reliability assessment the battery was re-administered in a subset of 41 patients after a short interval using alternate forms to mitigate practice effects (approximately 10 days). Patients performed significantly worse than controls in all cognitive tests, supporting discriminant validity of our adapted battery. Approximately half of patients (46.2%) showed cognitive impairment as defined by the impairment in two or more tests. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test was the most robust test by ROC analysis. All tests showed acceptable to good level of reliability. This is the first validation of gold-standard cognitive testing in Persian. The Persian MACFIMS shows nearly the same psychometrics as its English counterpart.
Improved wound healing by low-level laser irradiation after gingivectomy operations: a controlled clinical pilot study.

AIM Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may induce morphological, molecular and cellular processes, which are involved in wound healing. The aim of this split-mouth controlled clinical trial was to assess the effects of LLLT on healing of gingiva after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty patients with inflammatory gingival hyperplasias on their symmetrical teeth were included in this study. After gingivectomy and gingivoplasty, a diode laser (588 nm) was randomly applied to one side of the operation area for 7 days. The surgical areas were disclosed by a solution (Mira-2-tones) to visualize the areas in which the epithelium is absent. Comparison of the surface areas on the LLLT-applied sites and controls were made with an image-analysing software. RESULTS Despite the prolonged time needed for application, patients have tolerated LLLT well. While there were no statistically significant differences between the stained surface areas of the LLLT applied and the control sites immediately after the surgery, LLLT-applied sites had significantly lower stained areas compared with the controls on the post-operative third, seventh and 15th day (p<0.001 for each). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the results indicated that LLLT may enhance epithelization and improve wound healing after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations.
A retrospective study of root coverage procedures using an image analysis system.

AIM To investigate the efficacy of root coverage procedures and factors that may affect the clinical outcomes in non-experimental patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two hundred and eighty-seven root coverage surgical procedures in 215 adult patients were evaluated retrospectively. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the patient profile. Comparisons between surgeries were assessed, and the impact of different parameters on the probability of mean/complete root coverage and gingival augmentation was explored. RESULTS The mean percentage of root coverage was 72.29 (+/- 28)%. Complete root coverage was observed in 35.56% of the defects. The difference between the surgical procedures was not significant. The mean percentage of gingival augmentation was 106.18 (+/- 260)%. The difference between non-submerged grafts and the other techniques was significant (p<10(-3)). A significant negative impact of smoking, and maxillary teeth for both mean and complete root coverage were found. A significant positive impact of the tuberosity donor site was found for complete root coverage. Maxillary teeth and Miller's Class II and III were positive predictive factors for gingival augmentation. CONCLUSIONS Under non-experimental conditions, root coverage procedures are effective. Smoking, maxillary teeth, donor site, and Miller's Classes are prognostic factors that may affect the results.
Systematic review of implant outcomes in treated periodontitis subjects.

OBJECTIVES To determine implant outcomes in partially dentate patients who have been treated for periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS All longitudinal studies (until March 2006) of endosseous dental implants of at least 6 months of loading were searched. Studies presented with one or more of the outcome measures (implant survival, success, bone-level change, peri-implantitis) were included. Screening, data abstraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. RESULTS From 4448 citations, 546 full-text papers were screened and nine studies were included. Overall, the non-periodontitis patients demonstrated better outcomes than treated periodontitis patients. However, the strength of evidence showed that the studies included were at a medium to high risk of bias, with lack of appropriate reporting and analysis of outcomes plus lack of accounting for confounders, especially smoking. Furthermore, the studies showed variability in the definitions of treated and non-periodontitis, outcome criteria and quality of supportive periodontal therapy. Meta-analysis could not be performed due to heterogeneity of the chief study characteristics. CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence that patients treated for periodontitis may experience more implant loss and complications around implants than non-periodontitis patients. Evidence is stronger for implant survival than implant success; methodological issues limit the potential to draw robust conclusions.
Comparative Study of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation and Zimmer Natural Nail for the Treatment of Stable Intertrochanteric Fractures

Purpose: To compare the results between Proximal femoral nail antirotation II (PFNA II) and Zimmer natural nail Asia type (ZNN) for the treatment of stable intertrochanteric fractures. Materials and Methods: Between September 2011 and September 2012, 40 consecutive patients with stable intertrochanteric femoral fractures were treated with PFNA II or ZNN. We reviewed 20 cases of PFNA II and 20 cases of ZNN prospectively. We evaluated the operation time, amount of bleeding, mean hospital day, and capability of mobility and function using ‘mobility score of Parker and Palmer’ and ‘social score of Jensen’. We also evaluated the reduction state by the Fogagnolo, Cleveland index, change of tip and apex distance (TAD), sliding distance of cervical screw, change of neck shaft angle and bone union time. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups treated with PFNA and ZNN. Both groups showed good clinical results. PFNA showed less TAD change and ZNN showed a shorter sliding distance of cervical screw, but they were not statistically different. The bone union time was approximately 13 weeks in both groups. Conclusion: PFNA and ZNN produced good clinical and radiologic results in the treatment of stable intertrochanteric fractures. There were no significant differences between the groups. Both implants provide good stability and union, so we can conclude that they are both suitable for the treatment of stable intertrochanteric fractures.
Advances in power driven pocket/root instrumentation.

OBJECTIVES The primary aim was: "Does power-driven pocket/root instrumentation offer a clinical advantage over hand instrumentation"? Secondary aim was to update knowledge base of power-driven instrumentation post Tunkel et al. (2002). MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search of power-driven instruments (in vitro, in vivo and controlled clinical trials) was performed from April 2001 using similar criteria to Tunkel et al. (2002). Primary outcome was whether power-driven instruments offered an advantage over hand instrumentation; secondary outcomes were effect on root surface, effectiveness of new instrument designs, and role of biophysical effects such as cavitation. RESULTS From a total of 41 studies, 14 studies involved comparison of power-driven devices with hand instrumentation for non-surgical therapy. These were subdivided into new designs of power instrumentation, full-mouth debridement and irrigation and patient acceptance. Use of power-driven instrumentation provides similar clinical outcomes compared with hand instrumentation. Difficulty of pooling studies continues to hinder the drawing of definitive conclusions. CONCLUSION Newer designs of powered instruments have not shown any benefit when compared with other ultrasonic devices in non-surgical periodontal therapy. New in vitro research shows there is variation in the performance of different tip designs and generators, but its clinical relevance remains unknown.
Direct quantification of gamma H2AX by cell‐based high throughput screening for evaluation of genotoxicity of pesticides in a human thyroid cell lines

Genotoxicity is thought to be the cause of many cancers. Genotoxicity due to environmental toxins may be partly responsible for the dramatic increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer over the past two decades. Here, we present a fully automatable assay platform that directly quantifies the phosphorylation of nuclear histone gamma H2AX (γH2AX), a specific cellular marker for DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) via immunohistochemistry and laser scanning cytometry. It multiplexes γH2AX with total cell number measured as propidium iodide and calculates the percentage of cells with DSBs. Validation of this assay using NTHY‐ori‐3‐1 human thyroid cells and etoposide showed that it was an excellent choice for high throughput applications. We used the assay to test the genotoxic effects of the EPA Toxcast Phase 1 pesticide library of 309 compounds. Compounds were evaluated in dose response and the DSB was quantified. We found that 19 pesticides induce DSB in vitro, highlighting a need to further assess these pesticides for their long‐term oncogenic effects on the thyroid gland. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:522–528, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle Biopsy: A Modern Approach

Neuromuscular diseases have been in the limelight for many years, mainly because of the growing interest in muscle and the application of new techniques, such as muscle histochemistry and electron microscopy. This book should be of great interest to muscle histochemists, and should appeal to clinical neurologists and neuropathologists who have more than a fleeting interest in muscle disease. In addition, technicians can use it as a manual for appropriate technical procedures. The authors are known authorities in the field of neuromuscular disease. The book is divided into three sections, each containing illustrations, basic pathology, and case histories—a beautiful integration of the clinical with the pathologic. The first section deals with the muscle biopsy procedure, histochemical stains and reactions, and details of normal and pathologic changes of biopsied muscle. The second section deals with pathologic and clinical aspects of individual neuromuscular disease drawn mainly from the authors' experience, and a
1 year test–retest reliability of ImPACT in professional ice hockey players

The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery is widely used to assess neurocognitive outcomes following sports-related concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine the 1 year test–retest reliability of ImPACT in a multilingual sample of professional hockey players. A total of 305 professional hockey players were tested 1 year apart using ImPACT. Reliable change confidence intervals were calculated and test–retest reliability was measured using Pearson and Intraclass correlation coefficients. Results indicated that the 1-year test–retest reliabilities for the Visual Motor and Reaction Time Composites ranged from low to high (.52 to .81). In contrast, 1-year test–retest reliabilities for the Verbal and Visual Memory Composites were low (.22 to .58). The 1-year test–retest results provided mixed support for the use of Visual Motor and Reaction Time Composites in select samples; in contrast, the Verbal and Visual Memory Composites may not be sensitive to clinical change.