Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organisational learning for corporate social responsibility in sport organisations

ABSTRACT Research question: Although the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) may require changes at the strategic, organisational, and operational levels, studies fall short of investigating the role of organisational learning (OL), which is key to grasp how CSR occurs in organisations. This study fills this gap by exploring the dynamic interaction between different levels of the learning process through which sport organisations implement CSR. Research methods: Drawing on Crossan et al.’s 4I Framework, we examine the learning sub-processes characterising CSR implementation in a sport federation. This study uses a single-case-study research design and analyses interviews (n = 18) and organisational documents (n = 20). Results and findings: This study reveals that OL for CSR is a critical multilevel and dynamic process that consists of learning subprocesses at the intra-organisational and inter-organisational levels. CSR requires both learning new ways of incorporating CSR practices, as well as embedding into the organisation what has already been learnt. Informal and formal groups were identified as strong repositories of learning, while external stakeholders are essential sources of learning intertwined within the organisation alongside the work of inter-organisational boundary spanners. Implications: Theoretically, this paper extends the discussion of CSR implementation by highlighting the critical role of. It does so by revealing patterns of learning institutionalisation for CSR in a particular European sport federated setting. These findings highlight that the level of institutionalisation of learning influences the integration and sustainability of the CSR strategy. Practically, managers should consider these learning subprocesses as appropriate platforms on which to instil the CSR construct within their organisation.
Suicide and Undetermined Violent Deaths in Malaysia, 1966-1990: Evidence for the Misclassification of Suicide Statistics

Suicide statistics are generally recognised to be unreliable. This study of the reported rates of suicide in West Malaysia between 1966-1990 shows that the mean crude suicide rate between 1966-1974 was 6.1 per 100, 000, but had dropped drastically between 1975-1990 to a mean of 1.6 per 100, 000. Three lines of evidence are presented to show that this reduction in the suicide rate is due to a systematic misclassification of medically certified suicides as deaths due to undetermined violent deaths (which refers to violent deaths not known to be accidentally or deliberately inflicted). Firstly, the large drop in reported suicide rates corresponds closely to an increase in the rate of deaths due to undetermined violent deaths. There is a highly positive negative correlation between the two rates (coefficient of correlation, r =-0.9). Secondly, the misclassification appears to be mainly a problem with the medically certified deaths which follow the ICD classification. The mean ratio of uncertified to certified suicides before 1975 was 0.8, but from 1975 onwards the mean was 3.1. This is in contrast to the corresponding ratio for deaths due to all accidents which has remained fairly constant throughout these years. Thirdly, the race and sex differences for the rates of undetermined violent deaths are identical to those of suicide. Taking the misclassification into account the corrected suicide rate for West Malaysia is estimated to be between 8-13 per 100, 000 since 1982.
The influence of colour of lighting on customers’ waiting time perceptions

Customers’ waiting time is one of the most important determinants of service quality perceptions and their overall satisfaction with a particular service. This study aims to investigate the influence of colour of lighting on customers’ waiting time period perceptions. Based on a study with 68 participants, it was determined that the perception of the length of the waiting time before the delivery of food in a restaurant showed significant differences according to the colour of the lighting in the service environment. When the colour of lighting in the restaurant was green, the customers perceived the waiting period relatively shorter.
Treating patients with “thin” endometrium – an ongoing challenge

Abstract Objective: To review the literature regarding inadequate growth (“thin”) of the endometrium and to present the hitherto published methods aimed to improve endometrial thickness and the consequent endometrial receptivity. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted for all relevant articles assessing the effect of various treatment modalities on “thin” endometrium and the consequent reproductive outcome. Results: Several treatment modalities have been offered to patients with “thin” endometrium, including hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, hormonal manipulation by estrogen and GnRH-agonist, vasoactive measures such as aspirin, vitamin E, pentoxifylline, l-arginine or sildenafil, intra-uterine infusion of growth factor such as G-CSF and the recent application of regenerative medicine. In spite of the vast diversity of treatment, most of the options accomplish only minor change in the endometrium thickness and subsequent pregnancy rate, and when they fail, patients are usually referred to surrogacy. Conclusions: “Thin” endometrium is known to adversely affect reproductive performance. Treatment of “thin endometrium” remains a challenge and future large researches are required to further elucidate and optimal management of patients with “thin” endometrium.
Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Some Othodontic Direct Bonding Systems

Shear and tensile bond strengths of five representative types of acid etch direct bonding adhesives have been compared with their clinical performance using both metal and plastic brackets. Taking the various clinical factors into account, the material with the lowest bond strength- ordinary self-curing acrylic with 20-50% phosphoric acid etchant - was considered to be the best system.
The burnout and exhaustion levels of nurses working in haemodialysis units.

AIM The aim of the study was to determine the burnout and exhaustion levers of nurses working in haemodialysis units. METHOD The study was a cross-sectional and descriptive one. A total of 95 nurses working at the 17 dialysis centres in the centre of the Ankara Province were included. The data were collected using a questionnaire defining the socioeconomic characteristics of the nurses and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Haemodialysis nurses' emotional burnout score was 16.03 +/- 6.28, the depersonalisation score 4.72 +/- 3.20 and the personal accomplishment score 20.97 +/- 4.61. Their emotional burnout and personal accomplishment level was significantly higher in those considering leaving the profession, nurses who did not find the profession suitable and those working in units where no precautions were taken against infectious disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It may be suggested that taking precautions at units, providing better working conditions, defining the duties of nurses and providing further dialysis education for nurses may decrease burnout rates.
The properties of pre-stellar discs in isolated and multiple pre-stellar systems

We present high-resolution 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the formation and evolution of protostellar discs in a turbulent molecular cloud. Using a piecewise polytropic equation of state, we perform two sets of simulations. In both cases, we find that isolated systems undergo a fundamentally different evolution than members of binary or multiple systems. When formed, isolated systems must accrete mass and increase their specific angular momentum, leading to the formation of massive, extended discs, which undergo strong gravitational instabilities and are susceptible to disc fragmentation. Fragments with initial masses of 5.5, 7.4 and 12 Mjup are produced in our simulations. In binaries and small clusters, we observe that due to competition for material from the parent core, members do not accrete significant amounts of high specific angular momentum gas relative to isolated systems. We find that discs in multiple systems are strongly self-gravitating but that they are stable against fragmentation due to disc truncation and mass profile steeping by tides, accretion of high specific angular momentum gas by other members and angular momentum being redirected into members’ orbits. In general, we expect disc fragmentation to be less likely in clusters and to be more a feature of isolated systems.
The endocannabinoid system in critical neurodevelopmental periods: sex differences and neuropsychiatric implications

This review focuses on the endocannabinoid system as a crucial player during critical periods of brain development, and how its disturbance either by early life stressful events or cannabis consumption may lead to important neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms. First we discuss the advantages and limitations of animal models within the framework of neuropsychiatric research and the crucial role of genetic and environmental factors for the establishment of vulnerable phenotypes. We are becoming aware of important sex differences that have emerged in relation to the psychobiology of cannabinoids. We will discuss sexual dimorphisms observed within the endogenous cannabinoid system, as well as those observed with exogenously administered cannabinoids. We start with how the expression of cannabinoid CB1 receptors is regulated throughout development. Then, we discuss recent results showing how an experimental model of early maternal deprivation, which induces long-term neuropsychiatric symptoms, interacts in a sex-dependent manner with the brain endocannabinoid system during development. This is followed by a discussion of differential vulnerability to the pathological sequelae stemming from cannabinoid exposure during adolescence. Next we talk about sex differences in the interactions between cannabinoids and other drugs of abuse. Finally, we discuss the potential implications that organizational and activational actions of gonadal steroids may have in establishing and maintaining sex dependence in the neurobiological actions of cannabinoids and their interaction with stress.
Low temperature quantum efficiency measurements on irradiated multijunction solar cells

This paper presents quantum efficiency (QE) measurements and analyses on monolithic triple junction (3J) InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cells under both room (300K) and low temperature (130K) conditions. In measuring the quantum efficiency of multijunction solar cells, one must be careful to use the proper bias conditions to isolate the subcell of interest. This may be achieved by using external light sources such as filtered lamps, lasers, or LEDs. In some instances, an additional electrical bias is necessary. The choice of bias is also dependent on the temperature and/or irradiation condition of the solar cell. This paper will describe these measurements in detail and provide some QE analyses on irradiated multijunction solar cells at low temperature.
Addressing HIV risk in adolescent girls and young women.

In eastern and southern Africa girls account for 80 percent of new HIV infections among adolescents and HIV and AIDS is the main cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years. The $210 million Determined Resilient Empowered AIDS-Free Mentored and Safe (DREAMS) Partnership seeks to address HIV risks among adolescent girls and young women in 10 countries in eastern and southern Africa. The goal of DREAMS is to reduce HIV incidence in high-burden areas by 25 percent in two years and by 40 percent in three years. The authors of this paper described examples of innovative programs and new strategies for reaching these populations such as cash transfer programs and improved access to integrated HIV and family planning services -- programs that have proven to be effective in reducing HIV-related risk behaviors and HIV prevalence among adolescent girls. The article also highlighted challenges for these programs especially operationalization measurement and sustainability. The authors stressed the importance of engaging adolescent girls and young women in program design and implementation. They also argued that DREAMS would require the involvement of a wider range of government stakeholders to facilitate the development and implementation of comprehensive interventions including activities to create safe spaces and prevent gender-based violence.
Institutional Investors’ Monitoring and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from Politically Connected Firms

Motivated by recent studies on political connections and stock price crash risk, this study investigates whether there is an association between politically connected (POLCON) firms and stock price crash risk. Further, we examine whether institutional investors’ ownership can moderate this association. Using a dataset of Malaysian firms for the period 2002–2012, we show that POLCON firms are associated with higher risk of stock price crashes. However, the positive association between POLCON and stock crashes is attenuated by higher institutional ownership, implying effective monitoring. Finally, we find that only local institutional investors can significantly mitigate the positive association between POLCON firms and stock price crash risk. This suggests that different types of institutional investors can produce different monitoring outcomes in POLCON firms.
An evaluation of methods for calculating mean sediment quality guideline quotients as indicators of contamination and acute toxicity to amphipods by chemical mixtures

Mean sediment quality guideline quotients (mean SQGQs) were developed to represent the presence of chemical mixtures in sediments and are derived by normalizing a suite of chemicals to their respective numerical sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). Mean SQGQs incorporate the number of SQGs exceeded and the degree to which they are exceeded and are used for comparison with observed biological effects in the laboratory or field. The current research makes it clear, however, that the number and type of SQGs used in the derivation of these mean quotients can influence the ability of mean SQGQ values to correctly predict acute toxicity to marine amphipods in laboratory toxicity tests. To determine the optimal predictive ability of mean SQGQs, a total of 18 different chemical combinations were developed and compared. The ability of each set of mean SQGQs to correctly predict the presence and absence of acute toxicity to amphipods was determined using three independent databases (n = 605, 2753, 226). Calculated mean SQGQ values for all chemical combinations ranged from 0.002 to 100. The mean SQGQ that was most predictive of acute toxicity to amphipods is calculated as SQGQ1 = ((γ ([cadmium]/4.21)([copper]/270)([lead]/112.18)([silver]/1.77)([zinc]/410)([total chlordane]/6)([dieldrin]/8)([total PAHoc]/1,800)([total PCB]/400))/9). Both the incidence and magnitude of acute toxicity to amphipods increased with increasing SQGQ1 values. To provide better comparability between regions and national surveys, SQGQ1 is recommended to serve as the standard method for combination of chemicals and respective SQGs when calculating mean SQGQs.
Modeling and simulation of a partially-magnetized ferrite LTCC circulator

This paper compares three simulators (Matlab, Ansys HFSS and CST Studio) in modeling a partially magnetized ferrite LTCC circulator. It demonstrates the limitation of Ansys HFSS in manually creating permeability tensor and the flexibility of CST Studio in defining partially magnetized ferrite materials. A mathematical model is firstly introduced in Matlab to realize the theoretical analyses. Then a 3D circulator is drawn in HFSS and the partially magnetized ferrite is simulated by reducing its magnetization saturation Ms and entering the corresponding internal Hi bias. The simulation shows that the circulator's frequency tunability cannot be predicted in HFSS, and only when the internal magnetization M is close to its saturation Ms, the S-parameters in HFSS have the same accuracy as these in CST Studio. Finally, a full tensor material model is described in CST Studio, and after implementing the partially magnetized ferrite tensor equations in the `History List', the simulation shows the circulator's frequency tunability to agreement with measurements.
Time urgency and risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Inconsistencies in the literature linking Type A behaviour pattern (TAB) to coronary heart disease (CHD) may be due to differences in the effects of various components of TAB, namely aggressiveness, hostility, ambitiousness, competitive drive, and a chronic sense of time urgency. METHODS We investigated the association between sense of time urgency/impatience and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) in a study of 340 cases and an equal number of age-, sex-, and community-matched controls. RESULTS A dose-response relation was apparent among subjects who rated themselves higher on the four-item time urgency/impatience scale (P-value for trend <0.001), with a matched odds ratio (OR) for non-fatal MI of 4.45 (95% CI : 2.20-8.99) comparing those with the highest rating to those with the lowest. After further adjustment for family history of premature MI, physical activity, body mass index, occupation, cigarette smoking, total caloric intake, per cent calories from saturated fat, alcohol intake, lipid levels, treated hypertension and diabetes, the dose-response relation remained (P-value for trend = 0.015) and the adjusted OR for MI was 3.99 (95% CI : 1.32-12.0) comparing those with the highest rating to those with the lowest. CONCLUSION In these data, a sense of time urgency/impatience was associated with a dose-response increase in risk of non-fatal MI, independent of other risk factors. Prospective cohort studies of time urgency/impatience and incident CHD events are needed to confirm or refute these observations from a case-control study.
Decrease in spinal CGRP and substance P is not related to neuropathic pain in a rat model

We tested the hypothesis that the decrease in spinal levels of SP and CGRP after peripheral nerve injury is related to neuropathic pain. We compared two groups of rats, both of which were subjected to unilateral transection of the inferior and superior caudal trunks between the S1 and S2 spinal nerves. One group exhibited well-developed neuropathic signs after the nerve injury, whereas the other group showed poorly developed signs despite the same nerve injury. The decrease in immunoreactivity of CGRP and SP in the S1 dorsal horn (injured segment) was not significantly different between the two groups. These results suggest that the decrease in spinal levels of CGRP and SP after peripheral nerve injury is not related to neuropathic pain.
1H NMR spectroscopic characterization of perchloric acid extracts from breast carcinomas and non‐involved breast tissue

High‐resolution 1H NMR spectra were obtained from perchloric acid extracts of breast tumor specimens and adjacent non‐involved tissue. Two‐dimensional shift‐correlated and homonuclear J‐resolved spectroscopy were used to identify coupled resonances in the spectra. Chemical shifts, multiplicities and spin‐spin coupling constants of several non‐resolved resonances in the one‐dimensional spectra could be determined by the two‐dimensional methods. Several differences in the metabolite content of the two types of extracts were established. The spectra of extracts from non‐involved tissue were dominated by signals from glucose and other carbohydrates, while most of the tumors had very low or no detectable levels of glucose. High concentrations of lactate, taurine and succinate, an increase of the phosphocholine level, and a very low phosphocreatine level were characteristic findings in the 1H spectra of tumor extracts. The variation in the level of myo‐inositol follows the variation in glucose for the two types of tissue. Scyllo‐inositol was for the first time observed in the NMR spectra from breast tissue. Uridine 5′‐diphospho‐N‐acetylglucosamine and uridine 5′‐diphospho‐N‐acetylgalactosamine have been identified and there is an increased level of these two hexoses in the tumor tissue. These results provide insight into breast tumor metabolism, by simultaneously detecting a large number of metabolites and demonstrate the potential for using 1H NMR spectroscopy for studying different metabolic pathways in breast tumors. At the same time they provide useful information for interpretation of in vivo 1H NMR spectra of breast tumors.
Childhood Thyroid Function Reference Ranges and Determinants: A Literature Overview and a Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Reported cutoffs for childhood thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) reference ranges vary widely, and knowledge on the determinants of childhood thyroid function is sparse. This study aimed to summarize the existing studies on thyroid function reference ranges in children. Furthermore, the objective was to investigate the determinants of childhood TSH and fT4 concentration in a population based-prospective cohort. METHODS First, to identify studies on childhood thyroid reference ranges, The National Library of Medicine's PubMed, Embase, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched. Second, in a non-selected sample of 4273 children (median age 6.0 years, range 4.9-9.1 years) from the cohort, the associations of age, sex, anthropometric characteristics, ethnicity, maternal education, and time and season at venipuncture were studied with TSH and fT4 concentrations. The study also investigated to what extent between-individual variations in the determinants of TSH and fT4 could influence the calculation of reference ranges. RESULTS Published reference ranges for TSH and fT4 differ per age range and within age ranges (cutoffs low TSH: 0.13 to >1 mIU/L; high TSH: 2.36 to >10 mIU/L; low fT4: 7.0 to >10 pmol/L; high fT4: 15.5 to >30 pmol/L). In the present cohort, weight, sex, and ethnicity were determinants of TSH (p ≤ 0.03) and fT4 concentrations (p ≤ 0.01), and height and time at venipuncture were determinants of TSH only (p < 0.0001). The between-individual variation depending on clinical determinants for TSH ranged between 0.64 and 0.96 mIU/L (total population 0.87 mIU/L) for the lower limit and 4.30 and 5.62 mIU/L (total population 5.20 mIU/L) for the upper limit, whereas for fT4, the lower limit ranged between 13.6 and 14.2 pmol/L (total population 13.8 pmol/L) and the upper limit ranged between 20.2 and 23.0 pmol/L (total population 20.8 pmol/L). CONCLUSIONS Considerable differences exist in the reported reference ranges for childhood TSH and fT4 across and within age ranges and assays. The present cohort shows only a minimal association between TSH and fT4, suggesting that the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis remains unaffected by thyroid interfering factors. Various determinants of TSH and fT4 in children were identified, which accounted for a considerable variation of reference range cutoffs.
Fiscal austerity and risk sharing in advanced economies

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