Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relative Effects of Economic and Non-Economic Factors on Taxpayers' Preferences between Front-Loaded and Back-Loaded Retirement Savings Plans

To understand the potential impact of tax incentives on individual retirement saving, we must understand how individuals make decisions about saving. We examine individual taxpayers’ choices between front-loaded (e.g., traditional) and back-loaded (e.g., Roth) defined contribution retirement savings plans, as well as their saving levels and investment style choices within a plan. To do so, we conduct a series of experiments that allow us to consider individual-specific expectations regarding the economic factors that normatively drive retirement saving decisions, as well as non-economic attitudes and preferences that may also impact these decisions. Overall, we find that participants generally prefer back-loaded retirement plans to front-loaded plans. We find mixed evidence regarding whether individuals appropriately weight expected tax rate changes in their plan choices, despite the fact that these tax rate changes are the primary factor driving the relative after-tax returns of front- and back-loaded plans. Conversely, we find evidence that plan attributes related to individuals’ non-economic attitudes and preferences consistently influence plan choice. Saving levels, while idiosyncratic and difficult to predict, are negatively associated with preference for back-loaded plans and may be influenced by tax-related contextual variables as well. Investment risk is also negatively associated with preferences for back-loaded plans.
Two Parasitoids of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) have Shared, Stage-Specific Preference for Host Nymphs that does not Impact Pest Mortality Rates

Abstract Assessing the oviposition preference and offspring performance of 2 parasitoid species being used to establish classical biological control of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) infesting citrus may provide important insight into their potential coexistence in California, USA. Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an ectoparasitoid, preferred fourth and fifth instar D. citri nymphs for oviposition in both choice and no-choice experiments. Larval development and adult longevity of T. radiata offspring were positively correlated to female oviposition preference. Oviposition preferences of T. radiata were unaffected by conspecific and heterospecific competitors. Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an endoparasitoid, preferred third and fourth instar hosts in choice experiments and fourth instar hosts in nochoice experiments. Parasitoid larvae that developed in these instars performed better than larvae that developed in second and fifth instars. The oviposition preferences of D. aligarhensis were unaffected by competitors in choice arenas, but were affected in no-choice experiments. Populations of T. radiata and D. aligarhensis from Pakistan, where they exist in sympatry and used in the experiments reported here, demonstrated a shared preference for fourth instar D. citri nymphs, which has not been documented previously for populations of D. aligarhensis from other geographic regions. This shared preference did not affect D. citri mortality rates, but it may affect the ability of D. aligarhensis to establish in areas of California where T. radiata is currently present.
Age‐Related Effects on the Biological Clock and its Behavioral Output in a Primate

In humans, activity rhythms become fragmented and attenuated in the elderly. This suggests an alteration of the circadian system per se that could in turn affect the expression of biological rhythms. In primates, very few studies have analyzed the effect of aging on the circadian system. The mouse lemur provides a unique model of aging in non‐human primates. To assess the effect of aging on the circadian system of this primate, we recorded the circadian and daily rhythms of locomotor activity of mouse lemurs of various ages. We also examined age‐related changes in the daily rhythm of immunoreactivities for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and arginine‐vasopressin (AVP) in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons (SCN), two major peptides of the biological clock. Compared to adult animals, aged mouse lemurs showed a significant increase in daytime activity and an advanced activity onset. Moreover, when maintained in constant dim red light, aged animals exhibited a shortening of the free‐running period compared to adult animals. In adults, AVP immunoreactivity (ir) peaked during the second part of the day, and VIP ir peaked during the night. In aged mouse lemurs, the peaks of AVP ir and VIP ir were significantly shifted with no change in amplitude. AVP ir was most intense at the beginning of the night; whereas, VIP ir peaked at the beginning of the daytime. A weakened oscillator could account for the rhythmic disorders often observed in the elderly. Changes in the daily rhythms of AVP ir and VIP ir may affect the ability of the SCN to transmit rhythmic information to other neural target sites, and thereby modify the expression of some biological rhythms.
Can Uhear me now? Validation of an iPod-based hearing loss screening test.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the uHear iPod-based application as a test for hearing loss. METHODS We recruited 100 adult participants through a single otology practice. Patients with otorrhea and cognitive impairment were excluded. All patients completed the uHear test in the clinic and in the sound booth and underwent a standard audiogram by the same audiologist. We compared the results of the uHear test to the standard audiogram. RESULTS The uHear was able to correctly diagnose the presence of hearing loss (pure-tone average [PTA] > 40 dB) with a sensitivity of 98% (95% CI = 89-100), a specificity of 82% (95% CI = 75-88), and a positive likelihood ratio of 9 (95% CI = 6.0-16). Compared to the audiogram, the uHear overestimated the PTA among all ears by 14 dB in the clinic and by 8 dB in the sound booth (p < .0001). Compared to the audiogram, the uHear overestimated the PTA among ears with hearing loss by 6 dB in the clinic and by 4 dB in the sound booth. CONCLUSIONS The uHear application is a reasonable screening test to rule out moderate hearing loss (PTA > 40 dB) and and is valid at quantifying the degree of hearing loss in patients known to have abnormal hearing.
FOCUS: A Recommender System for Mining API Function Calls and Usage Patterns

Software developers interact with APIs on a daily basis and, therefore, often face the need to learn how to use new APIs suitable for their purposes. Previous work has shown that recommending usage patterns to developers facilitates the learning process. Current approaches to usage pattern recommendation, however, still suffer from high redundancy and poor run-time performance. In this paper, we reformulate the problem of usage pattern recommendation in terms of a collaborative-filtering recommender system. We present a new tool, FOCUS, which mines open-source project repositories to recommend API method invocations and usage patterns by analyzing how APIs are used in projects similar to the current project. We evaluate FOCUS on a large number of Java projects extracted from GitHub and Maven Central and find that it outperforms the state-of-the-art approach PAM with regards to success rate, accuracy, and execution time. Results indicate the suitability of context-aware collaborative-filtering recommender systems to provide API usage patterns.
Title Observationsand Modeling of the Transient General Circulation of the North Pacific Basin . 2

Because of recent progress in satellite altimetry and numerical modeling and the accumulation and archiving of long records of hydrographic and meteorological variables, it is becoming feasible to describe and understand the transient general circulation of the ocean (i.e., variations with spatial scales larger than a few hundred kilometers and time scales of seasonal and longer--beyond the mesoscale). We have carried out various studies in investigation of the transient general circulation of the Pacific Ocean from a coordinated analysis of satellite altimeter data, historical hydrographic gauge data, scatterometer wind observations, reanalyzed operational wind fields, and a variety of ocean circulation models. Broadly stated, our goal was to achieve a phenomenological catalogue of different possible types of large-scale, low-frequency variability, as a context for understanding the observational record.The approach is to identify the simplest possible model from which particular observed phenomena can be isolated and understood dynamically and then to determine how well these dynamical processes are represented in more complex Oceanic General Circulation Models (OGCMs). Research results have been obtained on Rossby wave propagation and transformation, oceanic intrinsic low-frequency variability, effects of surface gravity waves, pacific data analyses, OGCM formulation and developments, and OGCM simulations of forced variability.
Comparative Study on Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Building under Seismic Forces for Different Codal Guidelines

Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0) ABSTRACT Construction is a vital part of every developing country in this era. Every country has specific building design codes which provide the standards to engineers for the design of various structural components like the beam, column, and slab. Analysis and design Reinforcement concrete building of every country is based on their geographical location. Seismic forces are one of the major natural forces causing huge damage to lives and economy. So that one can understand the difference and can appropriate for best guidelines for safety to lives and economy. In today’s world of globalization, an engineer must be efficient enough to understand and handle different codes. In this paper, a comparative study is presented for analysis and design of reinforced concrete building under seismic forces for four codal Guidelines (IS 1893:2002, Euro code 8, Japan-2007 and ASCE: 7-10) using Staad Pro. The comparative study includes the comparison building base shear, bending moment, shear force, percentage of steel, required area, displacement, and story-drift. For seismic Analysis and design, the building elements like beam and column is also compared using these countries RC building code.
Pedagogical Demands in Mathematics and Mathematical Literacy : A Case of Mathematics and Mathematical Literacy Teachers and Facilitators France

The purpose of this article is to examine teachers’ and facilitators’ (subject advisors) views of the approaches to teaching mathematics and mathematical literacy (ML). Using Bernstein’s (1996) constructs of recognition and realisation rules, I analysed data from interviews conducted with mathematics and ML teachers and facilitators. The analysis shows that some teaching strategies are associated with mathematics and others with ML. That is, teachers and facilitators refer to teaching strategies that are domain specific (mathematics and ML). I therefore ask what it means for teaching strategies to be domain specific, particularly in the context of mathematics and ML.
The bat communities (Chiroptera) of the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, a large remnant of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

We surveyed the bat communities of a large Atlantic Forest reserve in the state of Minas Gerais, SE Brazil, the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), over a period of ten months, collecting data on diet and reproduction of their bat species. We recorded bats using ground-level mist-nets erected in several environments within the park, and searched for bat roosts. Of a total of 33 species of bats recorded in the reserve to date, 24 bat species were recorded during this study,12 of which were first records for the park. Seeds of Cecropia predominated in the fecal samples of stenodermatine bats, and seeds of Piper were the main item in the fecal samples of Carollia perspicillata. We also got the first records of bats consuming fruits of Vismia magnoliifolia. Peaks of reproduction of bats in PERD occurred in the wet season, except for Desmodus rotundus, which was found reproductively active during the dry season. We suggest that the relative abundance of common species such as D. rotundus and Artibeus lituratus in the most disturbed areas within PERD may be correlated with distinct degrees of disturbance. Keywords: Atlantic forest, Minas Gerais, frugivory, Vismia magnoliifolia, Cecropia, bat reproduction, bioindicator.
Method for the decellularization of intact rat liver

We have developed a method for the decellularization of whole rat livers by perfusion with increasing concentrations of detergents. This procedure resulted in an intact, decellularized organ with an intact liver capsule. These decellularized organs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and retained an appropriate distribution of extracellular matrix components. The laminin basement membranes of the liver vasculature also remain intact. These acellular vessel remnants were strong enough to be cannulated; providing a convenient means for the delivery of cells to areas deep within the decellularized organ. Cannulation of the extrahepatic vessel remnants allow for media to be circulated through the decellularized organ. These decellularized livers provide a natural matrix for research in the fields of bio-artificial livers and liver engineering.
Waist Circumference a Predictor of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia in Young Saudi Females

For the last few decades, overweight and obesity have been increasing in Saudi Arabia, especially in females. Hypertension and dyslipidemia are linked to overweight and obesity and together these conditions lead to many diseases. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of overweight and obesity on the lipid profile and blood pressure in 112 healthy Saudi females with an age range between 18 to 28 years. Also, to determine the best anthropometric measurement to link the subjects' weight to hypertension and dyslipidemia. To assess the body weight status of the subjects and to categorize them, the weight, height, and the waist and hip circumferences were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and the waist circumference (WC). A blood sample was collected from each subject to determine the complete lipid profile and a home blood pressure monitor was used to determine blood pressure. Compared to the control, the only relations found between the parameters and the anthropometric measurements are the following: triglycerides increased significantly for the highest WC group; LDL increased significantly for the highest BMI and WC; HDL significantly increased for the lowest BMI and significantly decreased for the moderate risk WHR and both WC groups; the diastolic and systolic blood pressures increased significantly for the highest BMI and WC groups; and the diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly for the lowest BMI. Cholesterol concentrations were not significantly related to the anthropometric measurements. Therefore, the results confirm the findings of other researchers that overweight and obesity are linked to hypertension and dyslipidemia and it may be concluded that the WC is the best anthropometric measurement for determining the risks for the presence and future development of these conditions in this cohort. It is recommended that more research be done on this cohort and on males for comparison.
Coupled nonlinear oscillators below the synchronization threshold: Relaxation by generalized Landau damping.

We analyze a model of globally coupled nonlinear oscillators with randomly distributed frequencies. Twenty-five years ago it was conjectured that, for coupling strengths below a certain threshold, this system would always relax to an incoherent state. We prove this conjecture for the system linearized about the incoherent state, for frequency distributions with compact support. The relaxation is exponentially fast at intermediate times but slower than exponential at long times. The decay mechanism is remarkably similar to Landau damping in plasmas, even though the model was originally inspired by biological rhythms.
A Survey of Personal Information Management Practices

In this paper, we describe results of a two-part written questionnaire completed by 47 people about how they manage personal information and transfer information among electronic devices. We found three main methods used to transfer files among computers: email to self, USB drives, and network storage. For transferring information among electronic devices such as digital cameras and MP3 players, participants reported using the software and cables that came with the devices to transfer files, or simply using a USB connection. Interestingly, participants reported that they did not typically transfer files from their cell phone to their other devices or computers. With regard to saving information found on the web, almost all participants reported using bookmarks, and over half sent email with the information to themselves. We also asked users to estimate their number of bookmarks, number of email folders, and number of email messages in their Inbox. These were all found to follow exponential distributions, indicating a large number of users with small numbers and a few users with large numbers. These results extend our understanding of users' personal information management behaviors and help inform the design of PIM tools.
Effect of electroconvulsive seizures on pattern separation

Strategies employing different techniques to inhibit or stimulate neurogenesis have implicated a role for adult‐born neurons in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant drugs, as well as a role in memory formation. Electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of electroconvulsive therapy, robustly stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis, but it is not known how this relates to either therapeutic efficacy or unwanted cognitive side effects. We hypothesized that the ECS‐derived increase in adult‐born neurons would manifest in improved pattern separation ability, a memory function that is believed to be both hippocampus‐dependent and coupled to neurogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated neurogenesis in adult rats by treating them with a series of ECS and compared their performances in a trial‐unique delayed nonmatching‐to‐location task (TUNL) to a control group. TUNL performance was analyzed over a 12‐week period, during which newly formed neurons differentiate and become functionally integrated in the hippocampal neurocircuitry. Task difficulty was manipulated by modifying the delay between sample and choice, and by varying the spatial similarity between target and distracter location. Although animals learned the task and improved the number of correct responses over time, ECS did not influence spatial pattern separation ability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychopathological effects of hypnosis.

Abstract The probability that hypnotic induction produces psycho-pathological effects has not been experimentally determined. The present study hypothesizes various negative effects following hypnosis such as increased signs of personality disturbances, increased need for medical attention, greater tendencies toward suicide, and negative effects among the more maladjusted persons of the population sample. 207 college students were assigned at random to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was hypnotized 3 times in successive weeks. A comparison between control and experimental groups in respect to pre- and post-MMPI score differences plus a follow-up with the college counseling center and infirmary for a 90-day period following induction led to the rejection of the hypotheses. A comparison of measures yielded some significant differences in favor of the experimental group. It is concluded that there are nondetrimental effects when hypnosis is used with a normal college population.
Influence of Lanthanum doping on the Crystallite Growth and Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) Ceramics

The structure-property relationship of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 mole% lanthanum oxide (La2O3) doped Barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramics prepared by solid state sintering method under different sintering conditions were investigated in this research. The raw materials were La2O3 (grain size=~80nm, purity=99.995%) and BaTiO3 (grain size=100nm, purity=99.99%) nano powders. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope was used to examine grain size and surface morphology of sintered pellet. X-Ray Diffraction analysis was performed to identify crystal structure. The results for 0.5mole% La2O3 sintered at 1300o C for 8 hours showed significantly improved and more desired grains (size=0.8-1.3μm), high densification (>90% theoretical density) and stable dielectric constant of 12700 at room temperature (100Hz) by lowering the curie temperature around 30o C. A gradual deterioration follows with increased doping concentration. So this research revealed that proper La concentration can inhibit grain size and lower curie temperature hence significantly improving the electrical properties of BaTiO3 ceramics.
A note on some recent results of the conformable derivative

In this note, we discuss, improve and complement some recent results of the conformable derivative introduced and established by Katugampola [11] and Khalil et al.[12]. Among other things we show that each function f defined on (a, b), a > 0 has a conformable derivative (CD) if and only if it has a classical first derivative. At the end of the paper, we prove the Rolle’s, Cauchy, Lagrange’s and Darboux’s theorem in the context of Conformable Derivatives.
Effects of cyclophosphamide and ceftriaxone on gastrointestinal colonization of mice by Candida albicans

Adult male Crl:CD1 (ICR) mice were fed chow containing Candida albicans to induce sustained gastrointestinal colonization by the yeast. Groups of mice were rendered neutropenic with cyclophosphamide and subsequently received ceftriaxone, while other groups received normal saline and served as controls. Stool cultures were obtained immediately before and at the end of treatment. The administration of cyclophosphamide substantially increased the C. albicans counts in the stools of mice. The addition of ceftriaxone to the cyclophosphamide regimen did not significantly increase the level of gastrointestinal colonization by C. albicans. There was no evidence of Candida dissemination to internal organs.
Local Communication in Repeated Games with Local Monitoring

I consider repeated games with local monitoring: each player observes his neighbors' moves only. Hence, monitoring is private and imperfect. I assume local and public communication: communication is restricted to neighbors, and each player sends the same message to each of his neighbors at each stage. Both communication and monitoring structures are given by the network. The solution concept is perfect Bayesian equilibrium. In the four-player case, a folk theorem holds if and only if the network is 2-connected. Some examples are given for games with more than four players.