Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception of stressors by mothers with babies admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Women and New Born Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Admission of a new born to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a stressful and unexpected event to most parents. This quantitative study aimed at identifying factors that contribute to stress in mothers nursing babies in the NICU at the Women and New Born Hospital in Zambia. A cross sectional study was conducted among 280 mothers who were randomly selected over a three-month period. Stress levels were assessed using Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from the mothers for the study. Inclusion criteria for the study were mothers of admitted neonates and their neonates who had to remain in the NICU for at least 24 h. Stata software version 13 was used to analyse data Chi square test to determine association between stress and maternal and infant characteristics. Kruskal wallis test was used to determine association between subscales of the PSS: NICU tool and interquartile and median were calculated since the data was not normally distributed. Results revealed that participants were more stressed by alteration of the parental role and the appearance and behaviour of their neonate. All participants rated admission of the neonate as being stressful. Maternal characteristics that were associated with stress included education level and duration of stay in Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistical difference between the stress subscales with alteration of parental role being the most stressful subscale. Mothers have different stress levels with most of them experiencing moderate and extreme stress; appropriate counselling targeted towards specific stressors identified is required. The limitation of this study is that it did not monitor levels of stress at different times of admission Future research should monitor how maternal stress changes throughout the neonate’s NICU stay. This information can be used to design effective support programme to help mothers adopt coping strategies during their infant’s hospitalization. Key words: Maternal stressors, neonatal intensive care, Stressor Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU).
Decreased coumarin 7-hydroxylase activities and CYP2A6 expression levels in humans caused by genetic polymorphism in CYP2A6 promoter region (CYP2A6*9).

One of seven poor metabolizers of coumarin found in Thai subjects was previously genotyped as heterozygote for the CYP2A6*4 (whole deletion) and CYP2A6*9. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the genetic polymorphism in the TATA box of the CYP2A6 gene (CYP2A6*9), expression levels of CYP2A6 mRNA and coumarin 7-hydroxylase activities in human livers. Levels of CYP2A6 mRNA were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The mean expression levels of CYP2A6 mRNA in individuals with CYP2A6*1/*4, CYP2A6*1/*9 and CYP2A6*4/*9 were 58%, 71% and 21% of the individuals genotyped as CYP2A6*1/*1, respectively. The mean in-vitro coumarin 7-hydroxylase activities in subjects carrying CYP2A6*1/*4, CYP2A6*1/*9 and CYP2A6*4/*9 were 41%, 71% and 12%, respectively, compared to those of the subjects judged as wild-type. Vmax values for coumarin 7-hydroxylation in the liver microsomes from human subjects with genotypes of CYP2A6*1/*1, CYP2A6*1/*4, CYP2A6*1/*9 and CYP2A6*4/*9 were 0.58, 0.26, 0.44 and 0.13 nmol/min/nmol total P450, respectively. CYP2A6 protein levels in human liver microsomes with the CYP2A6*4 and the CYP2A6*9 alleles were markedly decreased. These results suggest that the genetic polymorphism in the promoter region of the CYP2A6 gene (CYP2A6*9) reduced the expression levels of CYP2A6 mRNA and protein in human livers, resulting in the decrease of coumarin 7-hydroxylase activities. Individuals judged as CYP2A6*4/*9 were expected to be poor metabolizers, having extremely low activity of CYP2A6.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of Tilapia zilli (Gervias) in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria

In order to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths infestation in tilapia species sold in major markets in Gombe, three hundred (300) tilapia fish samples of both sexes and of different age groups were randomly examined. The sample population included 183 adults and 117 juveniles fishes, 157 females and 143 male fishes. Out of the total fishes sampled from three local fish markets, 128 (42.70%) were found to be infested by gastrointestinal helminthes. The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in tilapia fishes sampled from Gombe main market (17.0%), Kwadom market (15.0%) and Gombe old market (10.70%) respectively. Three genera of gastrointestinal parasites were encountered at prevalence rates of nematodes (17.70%), trematodes (13.70%) and cestodes (11.30%). The prevalent rates of these gastrointestinal helminths in accordance to sexes of fish shows higher prevalence in female fishes (24.0%) compared to the male fishes (18.70%). There was no statistical significant difference (P= 0.52) in the prevalent rates among the two sexes of fish. However, considering the prevalent rates of gastrointestinal helminths in accordance to ages of fishes, higher frequency was found in adult tilapia fishes (31.00%) than in the juvenile fishes (11.70%). There was statistical significant difference (P= 0.03) prevalent rates among the two ages of fish. Out of the 128 infected fishes examined, nematodes, cestodes and trematodes were all found in the intestines of 71 (23.70%) infected fishes and also in the stomach of 44 (14.70%) infected fishes but only cestodes was found in the gut of 13 (4.30%) infected fishes, while no helminths was recovered in the gills of all infected fishes. The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in tilapia species may be one of the significant constraints to the maximum productivity of the fish in the study area. It is therefore recommended that tilapia culturists should be enlighten on the need to routinely treat their fishes using appropriate antehelminthics for maximum production. Moreover, fishes meant for human consumption should be well cooked to prevent human health hazard of acquiring fish-borne helminthes infections.
VA OpenNotes: exploring the experiences of early patient adopters with access to clinical notes

OBJECTIVE To explore the experience of early patient adopters who accessed their clinical notes online using the Blue Button feature of the My HealtheVet portal. METHODS A web-based survey of VA patient portal users from June 22 to September 15, 2013. RESULTS 33.5% of respondents knew that clinical notes could be viewed, and nearly one in four (23.5%) said that they had viewed their notes at least once. The majority of VA Notes users agreed that accessing their notes will help them to do a better job of taking medications as prescribed (80.1%) and be better prepared for clinic visits (88.6%). Nine out of 10 users agreed that use of visit notes will help them understand their conditions better (91.8%), and better remember the plan for their care (91.9%). In contrast, 87% disagreed that VA Notes will make them worry more, and 88.4% disagreed that access to VA Notes will be more confusing than helpful. Users who had either contacted their provider or healthcare team (11.9%) or planned to (13.5%) primarily wanted to learn more about a health issue, medication, or test results (53.7%). CONCLUSIONS Initial assessment of the patient experience within the first 9 months of availability provides evidence that patients both value and benefit from online access to clinical notes. These findings are congruent with OpenNotes study findings on a broader scale. Additional outreach and education is needed to enhance patient awareness. Healthcare professionals should author notes keeping in mind the opportunity patient access presents for enhanced communication.
Term Premium in Interest Rate Futures

This paper evaluates returns from capturing term premium using interest rate futures across eight major currencies, with a focus on USD. We show that the implied future yield from interest rate futures tends to overestimate the realized short term interest rate and this premium can be captured by establishing and rolling long positions in futures contracts. This strategy delivered a Sharpe ratio of 0.94 versus 0.48 for Treasuries and 0.36 for S&P over the 23 year back testing period for which data is available. The term premium return is negatively correlated to equity returns and therefore fits well into a portfolio that is long risky assets. Additionally, the rates futures term premium strategy outperforms a long Treasuries strategy both on a standalone risk-adjusted basis and as a combination asset with an equity portfolio.
A comparison of the activity demands of elite and sub-elite Australian men's basketball competition

Abstract The purpose of the study was to describe the differences in the activity demands of sub-elite and elite Australian men's basketball competition. Ten elite (age 28.3 ± 4.9 years, mass 97.0 ± 13.9 kg, height 197.4 ± 8.3 cm) and 12 sub-elite (age 26.1 ± 5.3 years, mass 85.9 ± 13.2 kg, height 191.4 ± 7.6 cm) Australian basketball players participated in the study. Player activity was analysed using video-based time–motion analysis across multiple in-season matches. Customized analytical software was used to calculate player activity into frequencies, mean and total durations (s), and mean and total distances (m) for standing/walking, jogging, running, sprinting, low shuffling, high shuffling, and dribbling movements. Only movement frequency was calculated for jumping and upper body activity. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that elite players performed significantly more total movement changes (P <0.001), and experienced greater activity workloads while jogging (P <0.01) and running (P <0.002). In contrast, sub-elite players performed significantly more standing/walking (P <0.023) and sprinting (P <0.003) activities. These data suggest that elite basketball competition requires a greater intermittent workload and more sustained activity demands, whereas sub-elite competition may involve greater bursts of activity and longer recovery periods. These differences are likely to reflect variations in player skill and fitness, as well as playing structure between playing standards.
Adherence to initial adjuvant anastrozole therapy among women with early-stage breast cancer.

PURPOSE Previous research evaluating adherence to tamoxifen therapy among women with early-stage breast cancer has revealed adherence estimates ranging from 25% to 96%. No previous studies have focused on adherence to adjuvant aromatase inhibitors. METHODS We used longitudinal claims data from three large commercial health programs to estimate adherence with anastrozole therapy among women with early-stage breast cancer. Adherence was defined as the proportion of days that patients had medication available over the observation period (ie, days covered); women with fewer than 80% of days covered were defined as nonadherent. RESULTS More than 12,000 women in the databases were found to have new anastrozole prescription claims during the period of study: 1,498 women were classified as having early-stage disease in one commercial health program (Plan A) data set, 1,899 women in another program (Plan B) data set, and 8,994 women in MarketScan, a commercial data set made up of several health programs. Mean adherence over the first 12 months of therapy ranged from 82% to 88% in the three data sets. Between 19% and 28% of women had fewer than 80% of days covered. For women with 36 months of continuous eligibility, the mean adherence decreased each year, ranging from 78% to 86% in year 1 to 62% to 79% in year 3 within the three data sets. CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of women with early-stage breast cancer may be suboptimally adherent to adjuvant anastrozole therapy. Future research should focus on the identification of patients at risk for nonadherence with oral hormonal therapy for breast cancer and the development of interventions to improve adherence.
Why Should Managers Like Payback Period?

Most companies use payback period in capital budgeting though it is often criticized lack of the concept of time value of money. Why should people like payback period so much? I list literature and illustrate models of both constant cash flows and stochastic cash flows. In these two models, payback period method is equivalent to the IRR method. In addition, payback is related to the duration of future cash flows so it serves as a good proxy to describe liquidity and risk when cash flows are constant. Hence, finance and accounting textbooks have to be revised to address the importance of payback and its relation to other finance indicators.
Expression of nucleotide excision repair genes and the risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Phenotypic differences in the ability to repair genetic damage induced by tobacco carcinogens may reflect genetic differences in susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The objective of this study was to assess the variation in baseline expression of five nucleotide excision repair genes between individuals with SCCHN and cancer free controls.
IMPACT OF JOB PROMOTION AND JOB ADVANCEMENT ON JOB SATISFACTION IN UNIVERSITIES OF KPK PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN

Research was conducted to explore job satisfaction of PhD and non-PhD faculty in universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study covered both private and public sector universities situated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. The sample included faculties from 10 universities including 5 each from private and public sector universities. The sample size was 94 with 100% response rate. The results indicate wide differences between public and private sectors on the basis of job satisfaction. The permanent, PhD, and more experienced faculty members reveal greater satisfaction than contractual, non-PhD, and less experienced staff respectively. The study also found that the academic staff from public higher education institutes were comparatively more satisfied with whole job satisfaction than those working in private higher education institutes. Over all study shows that job promotion and job advancement have positive relationship with job satisfaction. The study recommends flexible promotion policies, job advancement schemes, seeking employees' opinion to increase employees' satisfaction. Equal opportunities should be given to all employees in reward policies, salary packages. Further, professional training services may be initiated for the job improvement
Analyzing the effects of alcohol on adolescent trauma using the National Trauma Data Bank

BACKGROUND Alcohol misuse is an important source of preventable injuries in the adolescent population. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of alcohol in adolescent trauma outcomes. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). Adolescent patients (12–18 years) who were tested for alcohol were included in the analysis. Outcome measures were difference in complications and mortality between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 31,923 adolescent trauma patients were tested for alcohol; 21% (n = 6,704) of whom tested positive for alcohol. Propensity-matched analysis revealed that adolescent patients with alcohol use were more likely to have adult respiratory distress syndrome (10% vs. 6%, p = 0.001), pneumonia (31% vs. 24%, p = 0.01), and thromboembolic complications (30% vs. 20%, p = 0.001) during their hospitalization. The mortality rate was higher in adolescent trauma patients who tested positive for alcohol (15% vs. 9%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Alcohol use is associated with significant consequences in adolescent population. Our study highlights the increasing use of alcohol in adolescent trauma patients. Strict screening criteria in adolescent trauma patients are warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic/prognostic study, level III.
Power within the Olympic rings? Nationalism, Olympic media consumption, and comparative cases in Germany and the USA

ABSTRACT A total of 1025 respondents from the USA and Germany were asked questions about Olympic media consumption, fan involvement, and nationalized feelings over four data collection points before, during, and after the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games. Nationalized qualities across four factors (patriotism, nationalism, smugness, and internationalism) varied little over time, with structural equation modeling indicating that these four qualities did have an effect on both fan involvement and the amount of Olympic media consumption. Models for the USA and Germany were also markedly different. Self-categorization theory is utilized as a lens for further understanding of the results.
Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Show Unique Cytokine Profiles

Introduction Networks of cytokines have been implicated in both forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). While CD has associated with T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses, UC shows Th2 patterns. Recent studies reported that the inflamed intestinal regions in both CD and UC are significantly infiltrated with a newly described set of T helper, the Th17 cells. These cells have unique cytokine responses. These findings prompted us to further explore the cytokine profiles of CD and UC with a special focus on the Th2 and Th17 related mediators. Methods Cytokine transcripts were compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in both inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal specimens from patients with active CD (n=35) or UC (n=20) and without CD or UC (Control, n=54). Results In both CD and UC, interleukin (IL)-12 (p40), IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27 transcript levels were higher than in Control. The highest levels of cytokines were found in the diseased areas of CD and UC with only one exception; IL-12 (p40) in CD was more up-regulated in the non-diseased areas compared to diseased CD and Control specimens. CD samples but not UC specimens showed significant IL-17, IL-23, and IL-32 mRNA expression indicating a trend toward Th17 responses. In UC, however, IL-5, IL-13, IL-15 and IL-33 mRNA levels were significantly increased when compared to both CD and Control. Conclusions The unique patterns of cytokine networks can help us to better understand the differential expression of their characteristic pathophysiology. In addition, the pharmacological regulation of these small molecules may hold promise to more effective and personalized therapies.
Differences in Characteristics of Asian American and White Problem Gamblers Calling a Gambling Helpline

Introduction: The characteristics of Asian American and white problem gamblers using a gambling helpline were examined to identify race-related differences. Methods: Logistic regression analyses were conducted on data obtained from callers to a gambling helpline serving southern New England in 2000–2003, inclusive. Results: Of the 144 phone calls used in the analyses, 72 were from Asian American callers and 72 were from white callers who were matched on gender, education, income, marital/cohabitation status, and age. Race-related differences were observed in forms of gambling problems, psychiatric problems secondary to gambling, substance use problems, and family history. Asian American gamblers were more likely to report suicide attempts related to gambling and problems with non-strategic gambling. White gamblers were more likely to report both casino and non-casino gambling problems and personal and familial alcohol use problems. High proportions of both groups reported problems with strategic gambling, gambling-related anxiety, family and financial problems secondary to gambling, financial debt, daily tobacco use, and a family history of problem gambling. Conclusion: Race-related differences should be considered in optimizing prevention and treatment strategies related to problem gambling.
Exporters and the Environment

This paper documents a relationship between international trade and environmental performance at the plant level. Using a panel of establishment-level data from 1990-2006, I estimate the relationship be- tween export orientation, import competition and pollution emissions. I find a robust relationship between international trade and pollution levels. Exporters emit 9-13% less after controlling for output, but their is significant heterogeneity across industries. Import competition is associated with the exit of the smallest, most pollution intensive plants. There is no evidence that this result is caused by polluting firms relocating to countries with low levels of environmental regulation and importing back into the U.S.
The Silent Success: Delivery of Public Assets Since Democracy

Most developing economies often yield positive economic growth, which however is simultaneously associated with little or no change in non-income welfare. This paper estimates the extent to which non-income welfare has improved in South Africa, since democracy. The focus is on the public assets, measuring their delivery to the poor between 1993 and 2011. Through utilizing a factor analysis approach for generating an asset index, both the reduction in the incidence of asset poverty as well as measures of the changes in asset inequality since 1993 are estimated.
The formation of status asymmetric ties: a perspective of positive externality and empirical test

Abstract Previous studies have investigated the circumstances that motivate firms to form status asymmetric ties. However, these studies have mainly focused on firm attributes or environmental factors. Deviating from prior works, we propose that firms can take advantage of alliance portfolios to trade resources with potential partners’ status. Specifically, a firm that can access high-quality portfolio technological resources can better realize exchanges with partners’ status. The degree of positive externality depends on the relationships of focal firms with existing partners and their capabilities to utilize external knowledge resources. Data of alliances formed in the computer industry in the USA reveal that a focal firm is more likely to ally with a high-status partner if it can access high-quality portfolio technological resources. Such positive externality of portfolio technological resources is stronger when the focal firm has more repeated ties with its existing partners and when they utilize more external knowledge resources.