Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population-Level Sexual Mixing According to HIV Status and Preexposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Montreal, Canada: Implications for HIV Prevention

Abstract Using cross-sectional survey data (Engage, 2017–2018) from 1,137 men who have sex with men, ≥16 years old, in Montreal, we compared observed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconcordance in previous-6-months’ sexual partnerships with what would have been observed by chance if zero individuals serosorted. Of 5 recent partnerships where both individuals were HIV-negative, we compared observed concordance in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use with the counterfactual if zero individuals selected partners based on PrEP use. We estimated the concordance by chance using a balancing-partnerships approach assuming proportionate mixing. HIV-positive respondents had a higher proportion of HIV-positive partners (66.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.0, 68.6) than by chance (23.9%, 95% CI: 23.1, 24.7). HIV-negative respondents (both on and not on PrEP) had higher proportions of HIV-negative partners (82.9% (95% CI: 81.1, 84.7) and 90.7% (95% CI: 89.6, 91.7), respectively) compared with by chance (76.1%, 95% CI: 75.3, 76.9); however, those on PrEP had a higher proportion of HIV-positive partners than those not on PrEP (17.1% (95% CI: 15.3, 18.9) vs. 9.3% (95% CI: 8.3, 10.4). Those on PrEP also had a higher proportion of partners on PrEP among their HIV-negative partners (50.6%, 95% CI: 42.5, 58.8) than by chance (28.5%, 95% CI: 27.5, 29.4). The relationship between PrEP and sexual-mixing patterns demonstrated by less population-level serosorting among those on PrEP and PrEP-matching warrants consideration during PrEP roll-out.
Long‐term therapy of multiple basal cell carcinomas: Clinicodermoscopic score for monitoring of intermittent vismodegib treatment

Vismodegib treatment of multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) is limited by adverse effects and high relapse rates: intermittent regimens are therefore preferred for long‐term administration. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical and dermoscopic changes in BCCs during long‐term intermittent treatment and to identify those most indicative of tumor persistence/clearing. Clinical and dermoscopic images (n = 380 each) of 38 BCCs were acquired at 10 observation times (t0–t9). Biopsies were performed at baseline (t0) and after 72 weeks of treatment (t9). All images were evaluated retrospectively by experts who assessed the presence/absence of 12 clinical and 14 dermoscopic features: clinical scores (CScs) and dermoscopic scores (DScs) were then calculated.
Get a grip: multi-method evaluation of handles for tablets on the shop floor

Abstract Tablets on the shop floor need handles because user requirements for handling differ from tablet usage in leisure time. The ergonomics of such handles is under-researched, resulting in a lack of methods for their design and evaluation. In this paper, we present a multi-method evaluation of handles for a shop floor tablet. We combine and compare results of focus groups and the Comfort Questionnaire for Hand tools (CQH) with electromyography (EMG). With a field and a laboratory study, we evaluate four handles in order to identify (i) the most ergonomically rated handle and (ii) the most efficient evaluation method. Results consist of an evaluated prototype, and data that shows the comparability of results from focus groups and questionnaires to results from EMG measurements. Classifying handles as tangible human machine interfaces, we suggest that subjective evaluation with focus groups and CQH is efficient to evaluate their ergonomic quality. Practitioner summary: A handle for a tablet used in production environment is evaluated with different methods. Results show that data from focus groups and questionnaires can be used for evaluation of usability in the future, rendering complex EMG measurements unnecessary and making usability evaluation more efficient. Abbreviation: CQH: comfort questionnaire for hand tools; EMG: electromyography; tHMI: tangible human-machine interfaces; TUI: tangible user interfaces; GUI: user interface; RMS: root mean square; MVC: maximum voluntary contraction; BB: musculus biceps brachii; FCU: musculus flexor carpi ulnaris; FCR: musculus flexor carpi radialis; BR: musculus brachioradialis; FPB: musculus flexor pollicis brevis
Clinical and Optic Disc Characteristics of Patients Showing Visual Recovery in Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

BACKGROUND The visual prognosis in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is generally poor. However, some individuals can have spontaneous visual recovery (VR) in one or both eyes by a mechanism that is not yet clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether certain clinical and optic disc features are associated with VR in patients with LHON. METHODS We retrospectively examined 80 eyes of 40 patients with LHON using clinical databases, fundus photographs, and high-definition spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. VR was defined as a gain of 3 or more lines of logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR)-scaled visual acuity from nadir; this represents a doubling of the visual angle. Patients were divided into VR and nonrecovery (NR) groups. Using fundus photographs, we measured optic disc size and evaluated for the presence of optic disc features, including peripapillary telangiectasia, disc hyperemia, and swelling. We also measured the disc area, cup-to-disc ratio, and rim area of the optic disc using OCT. RESULTS Twenty-one of 80 eyes (26%) had a VR. The VR occurred within 2 years after onset in 81% of cases. The VR group showed younger age at onset (21 vs 29 years, P = 0.017) and better visual acuity at the nadir (1.39 vs 2.16 logMAR, P < 0.001) compared with the NR group. Optic disc features, particularly peripapillary telangiectasia (P = 0.027) and disc hyperemia (P = 0.006), were more prominent in the NR group. The cup-to-disc ratio was significantly smaller (0.64 vs 0.71, P = 0.004) and the rim area was significantly greater (1.17 vs 0.85 mm, P < 0.001) in the VR group compared with the NR group. CONCLUSIONS A younger age at onset and a less severe reduction of visual acuity at the nadir were associated with a higher probability of VR. Presence of peripapillary telangiectasia and optic disc hyperemia may serve as predictive factors for poor visual prognosis in patients with LHON.
Novel Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium subaffine L01

One natural p‐terphenyl glycoside, gliocladinin C, and two furano‐polyene derivatives, chaetominins A and B, were isolated from potato endophytic fungus Chaetomium subaffine. The absolute configurations of these compounds were elucidated by HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR, the DP4+ probabilities and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Furthermore, gliocladinin C and chaetominin A showed cytotoxic activity against two selected human tumor cell lines (Hep‐2 and HepG‐2).
Cost–Utility Analysis of Pembrolizumab Versus Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Different PD-L1 Expression Levels

To evaluate the cost–utility of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy as the first-line setting for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the US health care system perspective, a Markov model was developed to compare the lifetime cost and effectiveness of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for untreated metastatic NSCLC, based on the clinical data derived from phase III randomized controlled trial (KEYNOTE-042; ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02220894). Weibull distribution was fitted to simulate the parametric survival functions. Drug costs were collected from official websites, and utility values were obtained from published literature. Total costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were computed as primary output indicators. The impact of different PD-L1 expression levels on ICER was also evaluated. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the model uncertainty. Compared with chemotherapy, patients treated with pembrolizumab provided an additional 1.13, 1.01, and 0.59 QALYs in patients with PD-L1 expression levels of ≥50%, ≥20%, and ≥1%, with corresponding incremental cost of $53,784, $47,479, and $39,827, respectively. The resultant ICERs of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy were $47,596, $47,184, and $68,061/QALY, in three expression levels of PD-L1, respectively, all of which did not exceed the WTP threshold of 180,000/QALY. Probability sensitivity analysis outcome supported that pembrolizumab exhibited evident advantage over chemotherapy to be cost-effective. One-way sensitivity analysis found that ICERs were most sensitive to utility value of pembrolizumab in progression survival state. All the adjustment of parameters did not qualitatively change the result. For treatment-naive, metastatic NSCLC patients with PD-L1+, pembrolizumab was estimated to be cost-effective compared with chemotherapy for all PD-L1 expression levels at a WTP threshold of $180,000/QALY in the context of the US health care system.
Inferring targeting modes of Argonaute-loaded tRNA fragments

ABSTRACT Transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) are an emerging class of small RNA molecules derived from mature or precursor tRNAs. They are found across a wide range of organisms and tissues, in small RNA fraction or loaded to Argonaute in numbers comparable to microRNAs. Their functions and mechanisms of action are largely unknown, and results obtained on individual tRFs are often hard to generalize. Here we predicted binding mechanisms and specific target interaction sites of 26 human Argonaute-loaded tRFs of different types using large-scale meta-analyses of available experimental data. Strikingly, our findings matched all interaction sites detected in a recent experimental screen, confirming the validity of our computational approach. Such sites are primarily located on the 5ʹ end of tRFs and often involve additional binding along the tRF length, similar to microRNAs. Indicative of multiple layers of regulation, diverse regulatory non-coding RNAs comprised a third of the tRF targets, with the rest being protein-coding transcripts. In the latter, coding sequence and 3ʹ UTRs were the likely primary target regions, although we observed interactions of tRFs with 5ʹ UTRs. Another novel phenomenon we report, a large number of putative interactions between tRFs and introns, is compatible with the roles of Argonaute in the nucleus. Further, observed tRF-intron binding modes suggest a mechanism of interaction of tRFs with Argonaute-dependent introns, and we predict here >20 candidate introns of this type. Taken together, these results present tRFs as regulatory molecules with a rich functional spectrum.
Painful Love: Superficial Dyspareunia and Three Dimensional Transperineal Ultrasound Evaluation of Pelvic Floor Muscle in Women with Endometriosis

Abstract We conducted an observational study between March 2015 and March 2018 in our academic center. Symptomatic, sexually active women with clinical and sonographic diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) or isolated ovarian endometriosis were enrolled. Women were asked to rank endometriosis-related symptoms, especially superficial and deep dyspareunia. Moreover, 3D transperineal ultrasound was performed to assess the levator hiatus area (LHA) evaluating pelvic floor muscle (PFM) morphometry. Women with endometriosis seem to have a high prevalence of superficial dyspareunia and three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound seems to be a viable technique to assess PFM morphometry in these women.
The prognostic value of YAP1 on clinical outcomes in human cancers

Background: As an important downstream factor in the Hippo pathway, yes-associated protein 1(YAP1) has been detected to be elevated in various cancers and demonstrated to play a role in tumor development. Therefore, we evaluated by a meta-analysis the prognostic value of YAP1 in cancer patients. Results: Sixty-eight studies with 8631 patients were identified. The results indicated that YAP1 overexpression predicted unfavorable patient prognosis in studies with overall survival (OS) (HR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.50-2.06, p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.22-1.59, p<0.001), as well as in studies with recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.73-3.27, p<0.001), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.55-2.70, p<0.001). Meanwhile, YAP1 overexpression was also observed to be significantly associated with worse OS in GEPIA (HR=1.2, p<0.001). Conclusions: Overexpression of YAP1 showed great association with poorer prognosis in patients with various cancers, particularly liver cancer. Therefore, YAP1 might be an important prognostic marker and a novel target of cancer therapy. Methods: We searched for potential publications in several online databases and retrieved relevant data. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. Online dataset GEPIA was used to generate the survival curves and verify the prognostic role of YAP1 in patients with tumors.
Decision making under stress: mild hypoxia leads to increased risk-taking

Abstract People tend to take more risks under stressful conditions. In the present study, we examined the effect of mild hypoxia, an unconscious and ongoing stressor, on decisions under uncertainty where probabilities are unknown. Participants completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Taking task (BART) in both a normoxic (20.9% oxygen concentration) and a mildly hypoxic (14.1% oxygen concentration) environment. The results indicate that people take more risks in a mildly hypoxic than in a normoxic environment. Despite inducing significant changes in physiological parameters, the oxygen manipulation remained undetected by participants allowing us to rule out a cognitive appraisal account for the effect. Moreover, the stressor was ongoing allowing us to discount possible post-stress reaction explanations. The current findings extend previous ones about the effect of stress on risk-taking and demonstrate that undetected stressors can increase risk-taking in decision making under ambiguity.
Bilateral motor priming for post stroke upper extremity hemiparesis: A randomized pilot study.

BACKGROUND Bilateral priming, device assisted bilateral symmetrical wrist flexion/extension, is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that can be used in the clinic. OBJECTIVE We examined the additive effect of bilateral motor priming and task specific training in individuals with severe upper limb hemiparesis. METHODS This is a parallel assignment, single-masked, randomized exploratory pilot study with three timepoints (pre-/post-intervention and follow up). Participants received either bilateral motor priming or health care education followed by task specific training. Sixteen participants who were at least 6 months post-stroke and had a Fugl Meyer Upper Extremity (FMUE) score between 23 and 38 were randomized. Our primary and secondary measures were Chedoke Arm & Hand Activity Index 9 (CAHAI-9) and the FMUE respectively. We determined changes in interhemispheric inhibition using transcranial magnetic stimulation. We hypothesized that improvement in the priming group would persist at follow up. RESULTS There was no between-group difference in the CAHAI. The improvement in the FMUE was significantly greater in the experimental group at follow up (t = 2.241, p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Both groups improved in the CAHAI. There was a significant between-group difference in the secondary outcome measure (FMUE) where the bilateral priming group had an average increase of 10 points from pre-intervention to follow up.
How metal cofactors drive dimer–dodecamer transition of the M42 aminopeptidase TmPep1050 of Thermotoga maritima

The M42 aminopeptidases are dinuclear aminopeptidases displaying a peculiar tetrahedron-shaped structure with 12 subunits. Their quaternary structure results from the self-assembly of six dimers controlled by their divalent metal ion cofactors. The oligomeric-state transition remains debated despite the structural characterization of several archaeal M42 aminopeptidases. The main bottleneck is the lack of dimer structures, hindering the understanding of structural changes occurring during the oligomerization process. We present the first dimer structure of an M42 aminopeptidase, TmPep1050 of Thermotoga maritima, along with the dodecamer structure. The comparison of both structures has allowed us to describe how the metal ion cofactors modulate the active-site fold and, subsequently, affect the interaction interface between dimers. A mutational study shows that the M1 site strictly controls dodecamer formation. The dodecamer structure of TmPep1050 also reveals that a part of the dimerization domain delimits the catalytic pocket and could participate in substrate binding.
Herpetic Corneal Keratopathy Management Using Ipsilateral Supratrochlear Nerve Transfer for Corneal Neurotization.

BACKGROUND Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a potentially sight-threatening condition caused by impairment in the trigeminal corneal innervations with decrease or loss of corneal sensitivity. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of surgical neurotization of the cornea using ipsilateral supratrochlear nerve transfer in patients with herpes-induced NK. METHODS An ophthalmologist and a plastic surgeon performed an interdisciplinary corneal neurotization in 13 eyes of 13 patients after preoperative exclusion of forehead sensation impairment. A 3-cm supra-eyebrow incision allowed for microsurgical supratrochlear nerve dissection, and a subconjunctival tunneling was performed for the nerve transfer. Neurotrophic keratopathy was assessed preoperatively and every 3 months postoperatively using slit-lamp microscopy, the corneal sensitivity test, specular microscopy, and in vivo confocal microscopy. RESULTS The surgeries had no major complications. The average disease duration from cornea denervation to surgery was 15.2 years. The mean follow-up duration was 18.5 ± 6 months. The symptoms exhibited subjectively improved visual acuity, and objectively improved visual analog scale and NK grading. The subepithelial corneal nerve plexus was found at 9 months postoperatively. The corneal thickness decreased and the corneal endothelial count increased postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest series of corneal neurotization using direct ipsilateral supratrochlear nerve transfer. It is a minimally invasive method to restore corneal sensitivity and treat NK successfully within 1 year without a sural nerve graft. A long-term follow-up is needed for further assessment.
ABO Blood Group and the Risk of Pancreatic Neoplasms in Chinese Han Population

*P < 0.0001. P < 0.05. P ancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers. Accumulating epidemiological studies suggested a link between human blood group antigens and carcinogenesis or progression of various human tumors including pancreatic cancer. So far, there are few large studies of this kind in China. To understand more about the relationship between ABO blood group and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, we collected data from pancreatic cancer patients of the Han Chinese people diagnosed in our institution between February 1, 2010, and May 31, 2017, and evaluated whether ABO blood type was a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Meanwhile, we investigated whether there is a link between ABO blood group and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) and other types of pancreatic masses. In addition, correlations betweenABOblood group and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, CA 125, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were also investigated. We included patients with definite pathological diagnosis and blood types. The
Telomere length and cognitive function: Differential patterns across sociodemographic groups.

OBJECTIVE The present study investigates whether associations between telomere length (TL) and cognitive performance across multiple domains are moderated by poverty status and race. METHOD Participants were 325 African American and White urban-dwelling adults (M age = 47.9 years; 49.5% African American; 50.2% female; 48.9% living in poverty) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. TL was assayed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Multivariable regression analyses examined interactions of TL, poverty status, and race with performance on the following cognitive tests: Trail-Making Test Parts A and B, Digit Span Forward and Backward, semantic verbal fluency, Brief Test of Attention, Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), and California Verbal Learning Test-II total learning, short-delay free recall, and long-delay free recall scores. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, and high school-or-greater educational attainment. RESULTS Significant three-way interactions of TL × Poverty Status × Race revealed that, among White participants living in poverty, shorter TL was associated with worse performance on Digit Span Forward and Backward (ps<.05). Additionally, significant two-way interactions of TL × Poverty Status revealed that, among all participants living in poverty, shorter TL was associated with worse performance on the Trail-Making Test Part B and the BVRT (ps<.05). CONCLUSIONS TL may be differentially associated with aspects of attention, executive functioning, and memory among individuals living in poverty, who may be uniquely vulnerable to adverse effects of shorter telomeres. Replication of these findings is needed to determine their generalizability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Psychosocial Factors and Psychological Intervention in Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases

Changes experienced by people diagnosed with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), at the individual, familial, or social levels show the importance of psychological interventions based on the cognitive-behavioral model. This article reviews literature showing the effectiveness of this model in facilitating adjustments in lifestyle, generating greater compliance with the treatment, minimizing risks of relapse, and maintaining the patients’ and their families’ quality of life level. The conclusion is that it is essential for psychological interventions to be carried out with quality, equality, timeliness, and pertinence, in order to reduce the instrumental, temporal, and professional costs of treating NCDs in the medium term.