Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DISTURBANCES AND HESITATIONS IN SPONTANEOUS SPEECH TO ANXIETY.

Past work has indicated that flustered or confused speech can be classed into several distinct speech disturbance categories. Such disturbances, occurring frequently in everyday conversation, have no conventional semantic function. In the present study, 25 experimental and 20 control male Ss were used. Anxiety was manipulated in an interview setting. Under anxiety, the frequency of all speech disturbances, except the familiar "ah," showed a sizable increase. The frequency of ah's increased strikingly in a change from normal to a telephonelike conversation. Such change did not affect the other disturbances. Measurement of palmar sweat revealed modest positive association with the speech disturbances. Exploration of the relationship of the Taylor Manifest Anxiety scale to the disturbances suggested that the ah is functionally distinct from the other speech disturbances. This paper is concerned with an investigation of the relationship between experimentally induced anxiety and certain kinds of speech disruptions. In approaching the problem of psychological analysis of human speech and its content, one can take, roughly, two general directions. The first one stresses the manifest content of the message and relies more or less on its face validity. Moreover, when it becomes quantitative, it seems to assume an isomorphic relation between a particular behavioral state (e.g., the intensity of fear) and the quantitative aspects of the content (e.g., the frequency of statements about fear). The direction of the second approach leads one to emphasize the instrumental function of language and speech, which may frequently lie in the seemingly irrelevant, nonlexical aspects of the message. Thus language may have signal properties which lie beyond its symbolic nature. The intent of the experiment described below was to demonstrate the usefulness of the latter approach without arguing, except perhaps indirectly, the weaknesses of the former. Language is seen as an expressive behavior system with instrumental and reactive properties; the speech disturbances, the "flustered" speech, are taken to be a nonlexical attribute that is relatively free from both linguistic and general social control. That is, these aspects of speech are assumed to be linguistically irrelevant. SPEECH DISTURBANCES AND PREVIOUS WORK WITH THEM High-fidelity tape recordings of psychotherapy interviews have revealed that instances of confused or "flustered" speech can be analyzed into a variety of separate, identifi
RT-PCR-ELISA as a Tool for Diagnosis of Low-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza

Abstract A one-tube reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction coupled with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (RT-PCR-ELISA) was developed for the rapid detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) in clinical specimens. A total of 419 swab pools were analyzed from chickens experimentally infected with low-pathogenicity AIV, from wild aquatic birds, and from domestic ducks. The AIV was detected in 32 swab pools by RT-PCR-ELISA compared to 23 by virus isolation (VI) in embryonated specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs. Thus, 39% more specimens were positive by RT-PCR-ELISA than by VI. Two of the twenty-three VI-positive specimens were negative when tested by RT-PCR-ELISA. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the RT-PCR-ELISA was 91% and 97%, respectively, using VI in SPF eggs as the gold reference standard.
Deriving individual-level and stage-level psych verbs in Spanish

Abstract Aspectual notions, although displayed most clearly in verbs, manifest across categories, with notions like (un)boundedness manifesting themselves in several instantiations which are sometimes specific of individual grammatical categories. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on how aspectual notions emerge in different categorial domains by an analysis of subject-experiencer and object-experiencer psychological predicates (SEPVs and OEPVs, respectively). We review the evidence that SEPVs denote individual level (IL) states, and provide new facts – taken from the behaviour of participles – in favour of that diagnostic; we also argue that OEPVs should be classified as states of the stage level (SL) class. We argue that OEPVs denote states with an onset, which corresponds to the denotation of SLs. SEPVs simply denote states without boundaries, which we argue to correspond to IL predicates. Finally, we show how these two denotations follow without further assumptions from the structures proposed for SEPVs and OEPVs in previous work, specially Pesetsky (1995), making it unnecessary to postulate that the distinction is of lexical nature.
Sequence analysis of Expressed cDNA Library Identifies Stress patens Sequence ResponseTags from an ABA-Treated Genes in the Moss PhyscomitreUa

Partial cDNA sequencing wEs used to obtain 169 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in the moss, Physcomitrella patens. The source of ESTs was a random cDNA library constructed from 7day-old protonemata following treatment with 10-`M abscisic acid (ABA). Ana]ysis of the ESTs identified 69% with homology to known sequences, 61% of which had significant homolegy to sequences of plant origin. More importantly, at teast 11 ESTs had significant similarities to genes which are implicated in plant stress-respenses, inctuding responses which may invo]ve ABA. These included a cDNA associated with desiccation tolerance, two heat shock protein genes, one cold acclimation protein cDNA and five others that may be inyolyed in either oxidatiye or chemical stress or both, i.e., ZnlCu-superoxide dismutase, NADPH protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase <PorB), selenium binding protein, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S transferase. Analysis of codon usage between P. patens and seed plants indicated that although mosses and higher plants are to a large extent simi]ar, minor variations a)so exist that may represent the distinctiveness of each group.
Physiological effects of 'Pseudomonas fluorescens' CHA0 on tomato ('Lycopersicon esculentum' Mill.) plants and its possible impact on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. 'Lycopersici'

Among biocontrol agents, root-associated fluorescent 'Pseudomonas' spp. has received special attention. The aim of the present work was assessment of the effects of 'Pseudomonas' fluorescens CHA0 on some physiological parameters in tomato plants and possible interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Seed bacterization resulted in significantly higher vigour index of seedlings, indicating growth promoting effects of 'Pseudomonas' fluorescens CHA0. The presence of bacteria in culture medium inhibited the fungal growth to about 50% in comparison with the control plates. Studies on induction of defense mechanisms in present research revealed that 'P. fluorescens' CHA0 inoculation significantly induced peroxidase (POX), polyphenoloxisae (PPO) and superoxid dismutase (SOD) activities in root tissues whereas phenylalanine amonialyase (PAL) activity and lignification rates remained unchanged. In conclusion, the accumulation of three key defense enzymes, POX, PPO and especially SOD by this bioagent have contributed to induced resistance in tomato against the pathogen. This bioagent can be used to promote germination and plant growth and to control Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.
The contrasting effects of dopamine and norepinephrine on systemic and splanchnic oxygen utilization in hyperdynamic sepsis.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of dopamine and norepinephrine on systemic and splanchnic oxygen utilization in patients with hyperdynamic sepsis. DESIGN A randomized short-term, interventional study. SETTING An intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS Twenty septic patients with a cardiac index greater than 3.2 L-min-1.m-2 and either a mean arterial pressure (MAP) less than 60 mm Hg or a systemic vascular resistance index less than 1200 dyne.s. cm-5.m-2. METHODS AND INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive an infusion of either dopamine or norepinephrine titrated to increase the MAP to greater than 75 mm Hg. The hemodynamic profile, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption (determined by indirect calorimetry), and gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) (determined by gastric tonometry) were determined at baseline and after 3 hours of achieving the target MAP. RESULTS Dopamine increased the MAP largely by increasing the cardiac index whereas norepinephrine increased the MAP by increasing the systemic vascular resistance index while maintaining the cardiac index. Although oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption increased in both groups of patients, the pHi increased significantly in those patients treated with norepinephrine whereas the pHi decreased significantly in those patients receiving dopamine (P < .001, for corrected 3-hour value). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that dopamine may cause an uncompensated increase in splanchnic oxygen requirements in septic patients. Norepinephrine, however, may have a more favorable hemodynamic profile and improve splanchnic tissue oxygen utilization in sepsis.
The Ph1 Locus from Wheat Controls Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in Autotetraploid Rye (Secale cereale L.)

The Ph1 locus on chromosome 5B enforces strictly bivalent pairing in polyploid wheat, but the exact mechanism of its action remains unknown. Pairing restriction involves not only wheat homoeologues and all alien introgressions but also differentiated homologues. In this study we show that chromosome 5B with its Ph1 locus also controls chromosome pairing in autotetraploid rye by apparently restricting chiasma formation between dissimilar homologues. Unlike in wheat, the effect appears to be dosage-dependent, which may be a reflection of an interaction between Ph1 and the rye chromosome pairing control system. With 2 doses of Ph1 present, chiasmate pairing was severely restricted resulting in a significantly higher number of univalents and bivalents per cell than in the controls. The restrictions imposed by Ph1 virtually eliminated MI pairing of chromosome arms polymorphic for their C-band patterns and did not appear to affect arms with similar patterns. If the polymorphism for C-bands is taken as a measure of the overall chromosome similarity/divergence, such differences were recognized and acted upon by the Ph1 locus. The fact that Ph1 operates in rye in the same fashion as in polyploid wheats suggests that it controls some basic mechanism of chromosome recognition.
Clonal analysis of three morphologically distinct lymphomas occurring in the same patient.

AIMS--To determine whether three morphologically distinct lymphomas (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, monocytoid B cell lymphoma, and large cell anaplastic lymphoma), which occurred in the same patient, were in fact three morphological variants of the same lymphoproliferative process. METHODS--Previously described methods of clonal analysis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the pattern of rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and the T cell receptor beta and T cell receptor gamma chain genes in the three lymphomas. RESULTS--All three morphological entities had identical patterns of gene rearrangements. CONCLUSIONS--This finding confirms the association between MALT lymphoma and monocytoid B cell lymphoma, and also provides evidence that large cell anaplastic lymphoma may not only arise de novo but may also be an end stage morphological picture in lymphoma progression.
A Hybrid LWT-DWT Digital Image Watermarking Scheme using LSVR and QR-factorization

The digital image watermarking is an art of hiding secret image into source image. The robust approach of this watermarking practice is to trade-off image quality (invisibility) and embedding capacity. In this proposed article we present an efficient and hybrid approach that integrates features of lifted wavelet transform (LWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based on linear support vector regression (LSVR) and QR-factorization for watermarking. Initially, the QR-barcode (watermark image) grayed to achieve maximum watermarking capacity. The correlation feature of LWT is used to decompose image into non-overlapping blocks. The QR factorization is further decompose into Q and R matrices. The LSVR is obtain input samples from R-matrix for training and learning purpose. In the second segment, we implement the DWT based multi-channel fake-proof authenticity mechanism. Precisely the integrated hybrid approach produces less distortion rate. The experimental results is analyzed with other models and offers high reliability on watermark embedding and authenticity along with less computational cost.
Living with discordance: knowledge, challenges, and prevention strategies of HIV-discordant couples in Uganda

Abstract Prevalence of HIV-discordance among couples in sub-Saharan Africa is high. Negative partners are at high risk of HIV infection but few HIV/AIDS service providers have developed effective counseling messages for HIV-discordant couples. To identify clients’ explanations for discordance, challenges, and prevention strategies, 24 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions were conducted with 32 female and 35 male members of HIV-discordant couples who sought HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in Uganda. In addition, counselor explanations for discordance were gathered from 62 counselor trainers during 3 interactive workshops. Misconceptions about discordance were widespread among clients and counselors. Common explanations included: the concept of a hidden infection not detectable by HIV tests, belief in immunity, the thought that gentle sex protected HIV-negative partners, and belief in protection by God. Such explanations for discordance reinforced denial of HIV risk for the negative partner within discordant couples and potentially increased transmission risk. Couples identified negotiation of sexual relations as their most formidable challenge. Prevention strategies included condom use, abstinence and separation of beds, contractual agreements for outside sexual partners, and relationship cessation. Discordant couples represent a critical risk group and improved counseling protocols that clearly explain discordance, emphasize high risk of transmission, and support risk reduction are urgently needed.
Capacities of multiconnected memory models

2014 We study generalizations of the Hopfield model for associative memory which contain interactions of R spins with one another and allow for different weights for input patterns. Using probabilistic considerations we show that stability criteria lead to capacities which increase like powers of NR-1. Investigating numerically the basins of attraction we find behaviour which agrees with theoretical expectations. We introduce the more stringent definition of « coverage-capacity » by requiring the whole phase-space to be covered by the basins of attraction of the input patterns. Even under these conditions we find large numbers of patterns which can be used to design an output spectrum by varying the input weights. J. Phys. France 49 (1988) 389-395 MARS 1988, Classification Physics Abstracts 05.50 75.10H 87.30G
A-translation and looping combinators in pure type systems

Abstract We present here a generalization of A-translation to a class of pure type systems. We apply this translation to give a direct proof of the existence of a looping combinator in a large class of inconsistent type systems, a class which includes type systems with a type of all types. This is the first non-automated solution to this problem.
Salmonella and on-farm risk factors in healthy slaughter-age cattle and sheep in eastern Australia.

OBJECTIVE To examine healthy slaughter-age cattle and sheep on-farm for the excretion of Salmonella serovars in faeces and to identify possible risk factors using a questionnaire. PROCEDURE The study involved 215 herds and flocks in the four eastern states of Australia, 56 with prior history of salmonellosis. Production systems examined included pasture beef cattle, feedlot beef cattle, dairy cattle, prime lambs and mutton sheep and animals were all at slaughter age. From each herd or flock, 25 animals were sampled and the samples pooled for Salmonella culture. All Salmonella isolated were serotyped and any Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were phage typed. Questionnaires on each production system, prepared in Epi Info 6.04, were designed to identify risk factors associated with Salmonella spp excretion, with separate questionnaires designed for each production system. RESULTS Salmonellae were identified in all production systems and were more commonly isolated from dairies and beef feedlots than other systems. Statistical analysis revealed that dairy cattle were significantly more likely to shed Salmonella in faeces than pasture beef cattle, mutton sheep and prime lambs (P<0.05). A wide diversity of Salmonella serovars, all of which have been isolated from humans in Australia, was identified in both cattle and sheep. Analysis of the questionnaires showed access to new arrivals was a significant risk factor for Salmonella excretion on dairy properties. For beef feedlots, the presence of large numbers of flies in the feedlot pens or around stored manure were significant risk factors for Salmonella excretion. CONCLUSION Dairy cattle pose the highest risk of all the slaughter-age animals tested. Some of the identified risk factors can be overcome by improved management practices, especially in relation to hygiene.
Fullie and Wiselie: A Dual-Stream Recurrent Convolutional Attention Model for Activity Recognition

Multimodal features play a key role in wearable sensor based Human Activity Recognition (HAR). Selecting the most salient features adaptively is a promising way to maximize the effectiveness of multimodal sensor data. In this regard, we propose a "collect fully and select wisely (Fullie and Wiselie)" principle as well as a dual-stream recurrent convolutional attention model, Recurrent Attention and Activity Frame (RAAF), to improve the recognition performance. We first collect modality features and the relations between each pair of features to generate activity frames, and then introduce an attention mechanism to select the most prominent regions from activity frames precisely. The selected frames not only maximize the utilization of valid features but also reduce the number of features to be computed effectively. We further analyze the hyper-parameters, accuracy, interpretability, and annotation dependency of the proposed model based on extensive experiments. The results show that RAAF achieves competitive performance on two benchmarked datasets and works well in real life scenarios.
Effects of Erbium-Doped: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er: YAG) Laser on Bacteremia due to Scaling and Root Planing

Background: The aims of the present study were: [1] to evaluate whether Erbium-Doped: Yttrium, Aluminum and Garnet (Er: YAG) laser could be a prophylactic methods against transient bacteremia during scaling and root planing (SRP) [2] to confirm the efficacies of SRP with Er: YAG laser by clinical and microbiologic evaluations. Methods: Twenty chronic periodontitis subjects were randomly treated for quadrant SRP with either conventional hand instrument (n=10) or Er: YAG laser (n=10) monotherapy. Peripheral blood samples were drawn at baseline and 6 minutes after initiation of SRP, and were cultured for the analysis of bacteremia. Clinical measurements of full mouth plaque control record (PCR), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were made at baseline and 1 month after SRP. In addition, microbiologic analyses of subgingival samples were also performed at baseline and 1 month after SRP using the polymerase chain reaction Invader method. Results: The incidence of bacteremia during SRP was 0% (0/10) in the Er: YAG laser group and 80% (8/10) in the hand instrument group, which was significantly different (P = 0.0003). All isolates from blood were facultative or obligate anaerobes and more than half of the microorganisms were species of streptococci. Intragroup comparison revealed that the mean PPD and CAL significantly decreased compared to baseline in both groups (P < 0.05). However, the percentage of BOP positive significantly decreased only in Er: YAG laser group (P = 0.005). In addition, the reductions of the subgingival bacterial counts between baseline and 1 month after SRP were also comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that SRP with Er: YAG laser could not only be an alternative treatment for improvement of clinical and microorganisms situations but also a
Does litigation influence medical practice? The influence of community radiologists' medical malpractice perceptions and experience on screening mammography.

PURPOSE To assess the relationship between radiologists' perception of and experience with medical malpractice and their patient-recall rates in actual community-based clinical settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS All study activities were approved by the institutional review boards of the involved institutions, and patient and radiologist informed consent was obtained where necessary. This study was performed in three regions of the United States (Washington, Colorado, and New Hampshire). Radiologists who routinely interpret mammograms completed a mailed survey that included questions on demographic data, practice environment, and medical malpractice. Survey responses were linked to interpretive performance for all screening mammography examinations performed between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2001. The odds of recall were modeled by using logistic regression analysis based on generalized estimating equations that adjust for study region. RESULTS Of 181 eligible radiologists, 139 (76.8%) returned the survey with full consent. The analysis included 124 radiologists who had interpreted a total of 557 143 screening mammograms. Approximately half (64 of 122 [52.4%]) of the radiologists reported a prior malpractice claim, with 18 (14.8%) reporting mammography-related claims. The majority (n = 51 [81.0%]) of the 63 radiologists who responded to a question regarding the degree of stress caused by a medical malpractice claim described the experience as very or extremely stressful. More than three of every four radiologists (ie, 94 [76.4%] of 123) expressed concern about the impact medical malpractice has on mammography practice, with over half (72 [58.5%] of 123) indicating that their concern moderately to greatly increased the number of their recommendations for breast biopsies. Radiologists' estimates of their future malpractice risk were substantially higher than the actual historical risk. Almost one of every three radiologists (43 of 122 [35.3%]) had considered withdrawing from mammogram interpretation because of malpractice concerns. No significant association was found between recall rates and radiologists' experiences or perceptions of medical malpractice. CONCLUSION U.S. radiologists are extremely concerned about medical malpractice and report that this concern affects their recall rates and biopsy recommendations. However, medical malpractice experience and concerns were not associated with recall or false-positive rates. Heightened concern of almost all radiologists may be a key reason that recall rates are higher in the United States than in other countries, but this hypothesis requires further study.