Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SENTIMENT ASSESSMENT OF TEXT BY ANALYZING LINGUISTIC FEATURES AND CONTEXTUAL VALENCE ASSIGNMENT

Text is not only an important medium to describe facts and events, but also to effectively communicate information about the writer's positive or negative sentiment underlying an opinion, or to express an affective or emotional state, such as happiness, fearfulness, surpriseness, and so on. We consider sentiment assessment and emotion sensing from text as two different problems, whereby sentiment assessment is the task that we want to solve first. Thus, this article presents an approach to sentiment assessment, i.e., the recognition of negative or positive valence of a sentence. For the purpose of sentiment recognition from text, we perform semantic dependency analysis on the semantic verb frames of each sentence, and then apply a set of rules to each dependency relation to calculate the contextual valence of the whole sentence. By employing a domain-independent, rule-based approach our system is able to automatically identify sentence-level sentiment. A linguistic tool called “SenseNet” has been developed to recognize sentiments in text, and to visualize the detected sentiments. We conducted several experiments with a variety of datasets containing data from different domains. The obtained results indicate significant performance gains over existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Selective recovery of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries using solvent-impregnated resins

Selective recovery of valuable metals (Cu2+, Co2+ and Li+) from leachate of spent lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries was investigated in acidic chloride media using solvent impregnated resins (SIRs). An SIR containing bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) had high selectivity for Fe3+ and Al3+, with an order of selectivity Fe3+ > Al3+ > Cu2+ > Co2+. Fe3+ and Al3+ could be removed from synthetic leachate by precipitation, followed by column adsorption with the SIR containing D2EHPA. The synthetic leachate was then applied to chromatography for selective recovery of Cu2+, Co2+ and Li+. The solution was first fed upward to a column packed with an SIR containing 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC-88A) for selective separation of Cu2+, followed by upward feed to another column packed with an SIR comprising PC-88A and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) for selective recovery of Co2+. Finally, a column packed with a synergistic SIR containing both 1-phenyl-1,3-tetradecanedione (C11phβDK) and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) was used for selective recovery of Li+. A process flowsheet is proposed for selective recovery of Cu2+, Co2+ and Li+ using several SIRs. This process was found to be simple and efficient for selective recovery of valuable metals from leachate of spent Li-ion batteries. Pure copper, cobalt and lithium products were obtained, with high elution yields.
The T cell receptor/CD3 complex: a dynamic protein ensemble.

A large body of information about antigen receptors on the surface of T lymphocytes has been gathered in the last five years (1, 2). T cell receptors use a variable region gene pool that is completely distinct from the variable genes of immunoglobulins. Indeed, T cells recognize different antigenic entities than do B lymphocytes. The latter notion was most dramatically demonstrated by the many observations that led to the conclusion that T cell receptors corecognize processed nominal antigen and a gene product of the MHC (3). Since T cell receptors (TCR) and MHC products are anchored in the plasma membrane of T lymphocytes and antigen-pre­ senting cells, respectively, the TCR/antigen/MHC recognition takes place on the interface between the two cells. A localized and TCR-independent adhesion provides a stabilizing environment for the subtle ternary inter­ action, which is dependent upon the fine recognition of all three of its participants. From model studies with human cytotoxic T cells, it appears that this transient adhesion event is initiated prior to the interaction of TCR with antigen and MHC (4). The T cell receptors for antigen and MHC consist of two disulfide­ linked variable glycoproteins whose genes rearrange in T cells: the T cell receptor (TCR) a and /3 chains (1, 2). The T cell receptor so defined subserves both antigen and MHC recognition. Cell fusion experiments (5) and transfection of TCR-a and -/3 chain cDNAs of defined specificities between T cell clones (6) confirm that the a//3 heterodimer confers both
Incidence, Characteristics, and Predictive Factors for Dysphagia After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective(1) To establish an incidence figure for dysphagia in a population of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases; (2) to provide descriptive data on the admitting characteristics, patterns of resolution, and outcomes of children with and without dysphagia after TBI; and (3) to identify any factors present at admission that may predict dysphagia. ParticipantsA total of 1,145 children consecutively admitted to an acute care setting for traumatic brain injury between July 1995 and July 2000. Main outcome measureMedical parameters relating to dysphagia based on medical chart review. Results(1) Dysphagia incidence figure of 5.3% across all pediatric head injury admissions. Incidence figures of 68% for severe TBI, 15% for moderate TBI, and only 1% for mild brain injury. (2) Statistically significant differences were found between the dysphagic and nondysphagic subgroups on the variables of length of stay, length of ventilation, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), computed tomography classification, duration of speech pathology intervention, supplemental feeding duration, duration until initiation of oral intake (DIOF), duration to total oral intake (DTOF), and period of time from the initiation of intake until achievement of total oral intake (DI-TOF). (3) Significant predictive factors for dysphagia included GCS < 8.5 and a ventilation period in excess of 1.5 days. ConclusionThe provision of incidence data and predictive factors for dysphagia will enable clinicians in acute care settings to allocate resources necessary to deal with the predicted number of dysphagia cases in a pediatric population, and assist in predicting patients who are at risk for dysphagia following TBI. Early detection of patients with swallowing dysfunction will be aided by these data, in turn helping to facilitate effective medical and speech pathology intervention via assisting the reduction of medical complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Motivations and intentions of flickr users in enriching flick records for library of congress photos

The purpose of this study is to understand users' motivations and intentions in the use of institutional collections on social tagging sites. Previous social tagging studies have collected social tagging data and analyzed how tagging functions as a tool to organize and retrieve information. Many studies focused on the patterns of tagging rather than the users' perspectives. To provide a more comprehensive picture of users' social tagging activities in institutional collections, and how this compares to social tagging in a more personal context, we collected data from social tagging users by surveying 7,563 participants in the Library of Congress's Flickr Collection. We asked users to describe their motivations for activities within the LC Flickr Collection in their own words using open‐ended questions. As a result, we identified 11 motivations using a bottom‐up, open‐coding approach: affective reactions, opinion on photo, interest in subject, contribution to description, knowledge sharing, improving findability, social network, appreciation, personal use, and personal relationship. Our study revealed that affective or emotional reactions play a critical role in the use of social tagging of institutional collections by comparing our findings to existing frameworks for tagging motivations. We also examined the relationships between participants' occupations and our 11 motivations.
Correlation between maternal weight and insulin resistance in second half of pregnancy

Background: In pregnancy, routine measurement of maternal weight gives a crude assessment of maternal and foetal well-being. Excess weight gain in pregnancy is related to increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertension in pregnancy and foetal macrosomia. In the Nigerian context, lack of knowledge of pre-pregnancy weight coupled with late booking of women in pregnancy hinders accurate assessment of weight gain in pregnancy. The absolute maternal weight is often used as surrogate. This study evaluates the relationship between absolute weight in the second half of pregnancy and insulin resistance. Patients and Methods: The weight of hundred pregnant women was measured between 24 to 32 weeks of pregnancy and their insulin resistance was measured using Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) from fasting serum glucose and fasting serum insulin. Results: Twenty-six women had weight ≥95 kg and 74 women had weight of <95 kg. There was a significant positive correlation between weight and HOMA-IR (r = 0.248), fasting glucose (r = 0.198), and fasting insulin (r = 0.228), (P < 0.05). The mean weight, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and fasting insulin were higher in women with weight ≥95 kg compared to those with less weight. Also maternal weight ≥ 95 kg was associated with severe insulin resistance, (Odds Ratio = 3.1). Conclusion: Absolute weight in pregnancy correlates well with insulin resistance. Women having weight ≥95 kg between 24-32 weeks of gestation were more likely to have severe insulin resistance with implications for increased risk of GDM and other complications.
Fabrication of 5-GHz-band SAW filter with atomically-flat-surface AlN on sapphire

5-GHz-band surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters for mobile communications were fabricated on an atomically-flat-surface (0001)aluminum nitride/(0001)sapphire (AlN/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) combination. The SAW devices were fabricated using electron beam lithography and a lift-off method. Atomically-flat-surface AIN films were used to reduce SAW propagation loss. The center frequency of the fabricated SAW filter was 5.18 GHz. SAW velocity was 5688 m/s at normalized thickness by wave number (kH) of 9.9. The effective coupling coefficient was 0.1% and temperature-coefficient of delay was 9 ppm//spl deg/C at kH of 5.9. The SAW propagation loss was 0.0053 dB at 5.18 GHz. The atomically-flat-surface (0001)AlN/(0001)Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ combination is promising for use in 5-GHz-band SAW filters for application to mobile communications.
Oxide-based platform for reconfigurable superconducting nanoelectronics

We report quasi-1D superconductivity at the interface of LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. The material system and nanostructure fabrication method supply a new platform for superconducting nanoelectronics. Nanostructures having line widths w ∼ 10 nm are formed from the parent two-dimensional electron liquid using conductive atomic force microscope lithography. Nanowire cross-sections are small compared to the superconducting coherence length in LaAlO3/SrTiO3, placing them in the quasi-1D regime. Broad superconducting transitions versus temperature and finite resistances in the superconducting state well below Tc ≈ 200 mK are observed, suggesting the presence of fluctuation- and heating-induced resistance. The superconducting resistances and V–I characteristics are tunable through the use of a back gate. Four-terminal resistances in the superconducting state show an unusual dependence on the current path, varying by as much as an order of magnitude. This new technology, i.e., the ability to ‘write’ gate-tunable superconducting nanostructures on an insulating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 ‘canvas’, opens possibilities for the development of new families of reconfigurable superconducting nanoelectronics.
Simultaneous determination of blood volume with Cr51 and T-1824 during hypothermia and rewarming.

Dogs lightly anesthetized with ether, maintained between 23–24°C for 2 hours and rewarmed, were subjected to simultaneous determinations of red cell volume (Cr51) and plasma volume (T-1824). Red cell volume values were unchanged during the course of the experiment. Plasma volumes were significantly decreased during hypothermia and were transiently elevated during rewarming. Twenty-four hours after rewarming, total blood volume and plasma volume values were not significantly different from control values. It would seem that circulatory failure (‘rewarming shock’) is not a usual feature of rewarming following hypothermia of 2 hours duration.
Does Famotidine Induce Thrombocytopenia in Neurosurgical Patients?

The incidence of thrombocytopenia in neurosurgical patients prescribed famotidine is unknown. Using hospital records of neurosurgery patients treated between July 2001 and July 2002, a retrospective cohort study was performed comparing platelet counts in patients treated with famotidine with a similar group of patients who were not prescribed an H2 antagonist. Patients were excluded if: 1) platelets were less than 150,000 prior to famotidine administration; 2) pre-drug and post-drug platelets were not drawn; 3) they were concurrently taking a potential thrombocytopenic inducing drug; or 4) disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenic purpura, or any other confounding hematologic disorder developed. Seventeen of 50 (34%) patients on famotidine developed thrombocytopenia compared with 11 of 98 (11.2%) of those untreated (P = 0.002). In this retrospective study, neurosurgical patients on famotidine developed thrombocytopenia statistically significantly more often than those untreated. Although no clinically significant sequelae developed as a result of the thrombocytopenia, if these findings are confirmed by a prospective study, proton pump inhibitors and sucralfate, with their similar efficacy, may be a better choice for gastrointestinal prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients.
Detection of Chicken Meat Adulteration in Raw Hamburger Using Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background: Detection of food adulteration is an important issue from aspects of food control and food regulation. This study aimed to detect adulteration of chicken meat in raw hamburger using species specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Methods: Raw hamburgers including 42 handmade and 48 industrial samples were collected from 90 restaurants and supermarkets. Following genomic DNA extraction from raw hamburgers which were claimed to be made of beef meat, PCR was performed to detect chicken (Gallus gallus) meat as an adulterant. Results: The oligonucleotide primers amplified mitochondrial DNA sequences under selected conditions and revealed specific 183 and 300 base pair fragment for chicken and cattle, respectively. Results showed that 94.4% of all hamburgers, including 100% of handmade and 89.6% of industrial samples, contained undeclared chicken meat. Conclusion: This high rate of undeclared chicken meat in hamburger samples may be related to mixing beef with cheaper parts of chicken. The outcomes of this study suggest that this method of detection can be applied by quality control laboratories and inspection services to determine adulteration in different kinds of meat products.
Periodic orbits for three and four co-orbital bodies

We investigate the natural families of periodic orbits associated with the equilibrium configurations of the the planar restricted 1 + n body problem for the case 2 « n « 4 equal mass satellites. Such periodic orbits can be used to model both trojan exoplanetary systems and parking orbits for captured asteroids within the solar system. For n = 2 there are two families of periodic orbits associated with the equilibria of the system: the well known horseshoe and tadpole orbits. For n = 3 there are three families that emanate from the equilibrium configurations of the satellites, while for n = 4 there are six such families as well as numerous additional connecting families. The families of periodic orbits are all of the horseshoe or tadpole type, and several have regions of neutral linear stability.
Vertebrate floor plate transiently expresses a compound recognized by antisera raised against subcommissural organ secretion

Located along the ventral midline of the neural tube, the floor plate (FP) performs an essential role in central nervous system development, especially in the patterning of the ventral region of the neural tube and axonal guidance. Several studies have been directed to the identification of molecules mediating some of the functions of the FP. Most of the models proposed for floor plate actions involve contact‐mediated‐ and/or gradients of diffusible‐signals acting throughout the nervous tissue. This report presents and discusses findings showing that the FP cells secrete a novel compound, which is recognized by antisera raised against secretory products of the subcommissural organ (SCO). This immunoreactive compound appears to be very similar to one of the glycoproteins secreted by the SCO. This immunoreactivity is expressed transiently during central nervous system development, and its rostro‐caudal extension along the anterior‐posterior axis of the FP displays some species variations. However, a constant feature in all species investigated is that this immunoreactive compound is highly expressed in the FP located in the mesencephalic‐metencephalic boundary. The distribution of this compound is compatible with basal and apical pathways of release from FP cells. The former might participate in the formation of some brain commissures. The latter might involve the use of the cerebrospinal fluid as a route for performing actions on distant targets, a pathway somehow disregarded by most models accounting for morphogen actions. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:608–614, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of 12 assays for detecting hCG and related molecules in urine samples from Down syndrome pregnancies

Urine is a new medium for Down syndrome testing. In an effort to determine the best type of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)‐related immunoassay for urine testing, we examined 14 Down syndrome and 91 unaffected pregnancy urine samples with 12 established assays. The assays included (a) those that detect hCG β‐core fragment only; (b) those that detect β‐core fragment with less than 18 per cent free β‐subunit cross‐reactivity; (c) that which equally detects free β‐subunit and β‐core fragment; and (d) those that detect hCG, free β‐subunit, or combinations thereof. The seven type a and b assays had the highest sensitivity for Down syndrome. The median MOM for Down syndrome was 5·93 (range 4·73–7·53). At a 10 per cent false‐positive rate, the median observed detection rate was 93 per cent (range 79–100 per cent) and the median predicted detection rate was 85 per cent (range 69–96 per cent). The assays that did not mainly detect β‐core fragment (types c and d) had poorer screening performance. The median MOM for Down syndrome was 2·70 (range 2·16–3·63 MOM). At a 10 per cent false‐positive rate, the median observed detection rate was 50 per cent (range 36–64 per cent) and the median predicted detection rate was 37 per cent (range 21–62 per cent). We infer that the assays that only detect β‐core fragment, or β‐core fragment with minor free β‐subunit cross‐reactivity (types a and b), are the better urine‐based tests for Down syndrome screening. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Group A Streptococcal Genotypes from Pediatric Throat Isolates in Rome, Italy

ABSTRACT In a study assessing genetic diversity, 114 group A streptococcus (GAS) isolates were recovered from pediatric pharyngitis patients in Rome, Italy. These isolates comprised 22 different M protein gene (emm) sequence types, 14 of which were associated with a distinct serum opacity factor/fibronectin binding protein gene (sof) sequence type. Isolates with the same emmgene sequence type generally shared a highly conserved chromosomal macrorestriction profile. In three instances, isolates with dissimilar macrorestriction profiles had identical emm types; in each of these cases multilocus sequence typing revealed that isolates with the same emm type were clones having the same allelic profiles. Ninety-eight percent of the pharyngeal isolates hademm types previously found to be highly associated withmga locus gene patterns commonly found in pharyngeal GAS isolates.
Analysis of a Plane Wave-Excited Subwavelength Circular Aperture in a Planar Conducting Screen Illuminating a Multilayer Uniaxial Sample

A spectral domain analysis is presented of a plane wave-excited subwavelength circular aperture in a planar perfectly conducting screen in close proximity to a multilayer stack, which may comprise uniaxially anisotropic slices. The formulation employs the Bethe-Bouwkamp aperture model for the general case of oblique incidence, and it combines the Hankel transform method with a transmission line network analogue of the medium, which facilitates the inclusion of any number of material layers. The electromagnetic fields are expressed in terms of one-dimensional (1-D) Hankel transform integrals, which are efficiently evaluated by a numerical quadrature along a suitably selected path, with convergence acceleration by extrapolation. Sample numerical results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the method and its utility in the modeling of multilayer near-field lenses and aperture-type probes of near-field optical microscopy.
Aldrin and Dieldrin: A Reevaluation of the Cancer and Noncancer Dose‐Response Assessments

The dose‐response analyses of cancer and noncancer health effects of aldrin and dieldrin were evaluated using current methodology, including benchmark dose analysis and the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) guidance on body weight scaling and uncertainty factors. A literature review was performed to determine the most appropriate adverse effect endpoints. Using current methodology and information, the estimated reference dose values were 0.0001 and 0.00008 mg/kg‐day for aldrin and dieldrin, respectively. The estimated cancer slope factors for aldrin and dieldrin were 3.4 and 7.0 (mg/kg‐day)−1, respectively (i.e., about 5‐ and 2.3‐fold lower risk than the 1987 U.S. EPA assessments). Because aldrin and dieldrin are no longer used as pesticides in the United States, they are presumed to be a low priority for additional review by the U.S. EPA. However, because they are persistent and still detected in environmental samples, quantitative risk assessments based on the best available methods are required. Recent epidemiologic studies do not demonstrate a causal association between aldrin and dieldrin and human cancer risk. The proposed reevaluations suggest that these two compounds pose a lower human health risk than currently reported by the U.S. EPA.