Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of extraction conditions on antioxidant properties of sapodilla fruit (Manilkara zapota).

This study investigated the effects of different percentages of ethanol (0 - 100%), extraction times (1 - 5 h) and temperatures (25 - 60°C) on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of sapodilla pulp and peel. TPC was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, while AA was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and s-carotene bleaching (BCB) assay. Based on the optimal extraction conditions used, sapodilla pulp extract had TPC of 3.89 mg GAE/g, 63.20% of DPPH scavenging activity, 4.30% of ABTS scavenging activity, 19.17% of BCB activity, and FRAP value of 15.24 mg TE/g; while its peel extract had TPC of 9.23 mg GAE/g, 92.95% of DPPH scavenging activity, 5.36% of ABTS scavenging activity, 8.14% of BCB activity, and 27.85 mg TE/g (FRAP value). Using the optimal extraction conditions for sapodilla pulp (40% ethanol as extraction solvent that extracted at 60°C for 4 h) and sapodilla peel (80% ethanol and 2 h extraction time at 40°C), highest antioxidants can be extracted from the pulp and peel.
Survival and preference of cotton boll weevil adults for alternative food sources

Plants that have potential as alternative food source (floral nectar, pollen and plant tissues) to the boll weevil during the intercropping season were evaluated considering the prevalent conditions of Cerrado in the Central Brazil. Initially, we tested the nutritional adequacy for the survival of the insect of flower resource (pollen and nectar) provided by eight plant species (fennel, mexican sunflower, castor bean, okra, hibiscus, sorghum, pigeonpea and sunn hemp). Subsequently, we tested if the resources provided by the selected plants continued to be exploited by the boll weevil in the presence of cotton plant, its main food source average longevity of boll weevil adults was significantly longer when they were fed on hibiscus’ flowers (166.6 ± 74.4) and okra flowers (34.7 ± 28.9) than when they fed on flowers of other six species. Subsequently, the preference of the boll weevil in the use of resources was compared between okra or hibiscus and cotton plants, in dual choice experiments. Boll weevils preferred plants of the three species in the reproductive stages than those in vegetative stages. Although the cotton plant in the reproductive stage was the most preferred plant of all, boll weevils preferred flowering okra and hibiscus than cotton at the vegetative stage.
[Risk factors and clinical outcomes for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization on intensive care unit admission].

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) colonization rate in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), associated risk factors and clinical outcomes for VRE colonization. METHODS Of the 7,703 patients admitted to the ICUs between January, 2008 and December, 2010, medical records of 554 VRE colonized and 503 uncolonized patients were reviewed retrospectively. To analyzed the impact of colonization on patients' clinical outcomes, 199 VRE colonized patients were matched with 199 uncolonized patients using a propensity score matching method. RESULTS During the study period, 567 (7.2%) of the 7,703 patients were colonized with VRE. Multivariate analysis identified the following independent risk factors for VRE colonization: use of antibiotics (odds ratio [OR]=3.33), having bedsores (OR=2.92), having invasive devices (OR=2.29), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus co-colonization (OR=1.84), and previous hospitalization (OR=1.74). VRE colonized patients were more likely to have infectious diseases than uncolonized patients. VRE colonization was associated with prolonged hospitalization and higher mortality. CONCLUSION Strict infection control program including preemptive isolation for high-risk group may be helpful. Further research needs to be done to investigate the effects of active surveillance program on the incidence of colonization or infection with VRE in the ICU.
Analysis of Graphene Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors for Analog/RF Applications

The recent findings of quasi-saturation and negative differential resistance in graphene FET have motivated the researchers to improve the current saturation behavior. We suggest that tunnel FET (TFET) with graphene can be a potential candidate for better current saturation. In this regard, the electronic transport in zero bandgap graphene TFET (T-GFET) is studied through the self-consistent solution of Schrödinger equation within ballistic nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, and 2-D Poisson's equation. We show that the appropriate drain overlap, and channel and drain doping concentrations in T-GFET can significantly suppress the channel to drain tunneling current and, consequently, enhance the current saturation. Despite T-GFET's lower ON-current, it shows moderately higher intrinsic gain, compared with conventional graphene FET (C-GFET). Furthermore, the channel length dependence of intrinsic gain and cutoff frequency for T-GFET is investigated and compared with C-GFET.
Are topical antibiotics an alternative to oral antibiotics for children with acute otitis media and ear discharge?

#### What you need to know Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common reason for childhood primary care visits and antibiotic prescription in the United Kingdom.1 2 Many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that symptoms settle within a few days, irrespective of antibiotic use,3 with one systematic review reporting that ear pain takes eight days to resolve fully in 90% of children.4 However observational data and an individual patient data meta-analysis showed that, among children with AOM, those with ear discharge have a worse prognosis5 and a more prolonged duration of ear pain or fever than those without ear discharge.6 Current guidance from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends that general practitioners consider immediately prescribing oral antibiotics for children presenting with AOM and ear discharge.7 However, oral antibiotics commonly have side effects such as diarrhoea, vomiting, and rashes3 and increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance.8 For children with AOM and ear discharge, topical antibiotics are a possible alternative because they put less selective resistance pressure on bacteria and eardrum perforation allows direct entry of the antibiotic into the middle ear, without exposing children to systemic side effects.9 However the risk of ototoxicity is debated.10 11 To our knowledge, no RCTs or relevant systematic reviews of the effectiveness of topical antibiotics for children with AOM and ear discharge have been published. ### Oral antibiotics By contrast, individual patient data meta-analysis evidence shows that oral antibiotics are more effective than …
Human auditory nerve action potentials and brain stem evoked responses.

Latency-intensity (L-i) functions for (1) the auditory nerve action potential (AP) N1 peak, (2) the brain stem evoked response (BER) V peak, and (3) the N1-V interval were related to hearing level and lesion location. The AP L-l curves tended to steepen with increasing 4 to 8 kHz hearing level. This relationship was identical for cochlear and retrocochlear ears, except for a few retrocochlear ears with "inappropriate AP perservation. " Both high-frequency cochlear loss and retrocochlear abnormality prolonged peak V latency, but retrocochlear abnormality generally prolonged it more. Among cochlear-loss ears, as 4 to 8 kHz hearing levels increased, N1-V intervals decreased and L-i curve slopes increased. In contrast, retrocochlear abnormality greatly prolonged N1-V intervals. As a retrocochlear sign, N1-V prolongation was slightly more reliable than V prolongation.
Transvaginal ultrasound examination of women with and without pelvic venous congestion.

AIM To determine if transvaginal ultrasound, including power Doppler examination, can distinguish between women with and without pelvic congestion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six women with pelvic congestion were prospectively examined using transvaginal ultrasonography and standard uterine and ovarian measurements made. Additionally, planimetric measurements of each ovary were taken using an image analysis program to determine the cross-sectional area of ovarian stroma and follicles, if any. Power Doppler images of adnexal vessels were obtained and planimetric estimates of surface area calculated. A congestion score was assigned to each patient, based on vein number, diameter and morphology on grey-scale scanning. Identical measurements were obtained from 19 asymptomatic women and results compared. RESULTS There was no significant difference between women with pelvic congestion and controls with respect to power Doppler or grey-scale images of adnexal vessels, or congestion score. However, women with pelvic congestion had significantly larger and multicystic ovaries when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Transvaginal ultrasound measurements of adnexal vasculature, including power Doppler measurements, cannot reliably distinguish women with pelvic congestion from controls. However, ultrasound may remain useful for diagnosis of pelvic congestion, predominantly because it is able to visualize multi-cystic ovaries in these patients.
Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on Chemokines

The hypothalamus is a key brain region in the regulation of energy balance as it controls food intake and both energy storage and expenditure through integration of humoral, neural, and nutrient-related signals and cues. Many years of research have focused on the regulation of energy balance by hypothalamic neurons, but the most recent findings suggest that neurons and glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, in the hypothalamus actually orchestrate together several metabolic functions. Because glial cells have been described as mediators of inflammatory processes in the brain, the existence of a causal link between hypothalamic inflammation and the deregulations of feeding behavior, leading to involuntary weight loss or obesity for example, has been suggested. Several inflammatory pathways that could impair the hypothalamic control of energy balance have been studied over the years such as, among others, toll-like receptors and canonical cytokines. Yet, less studied so far, chemokines also represent interesting candidates that could link the aforementioned pathways and the activity of hypothalamic neurons. Indeed, chemokines, in addition to their role in attracting immune cells to the inflamed site, have been suggested to be capable of neuromodulation. Thus, they could disrupt cellular activity together with synthesis and/or secretion of multiple neurotransmitters/mediators involved in the maintenance of energy balance. This review discusses the different inflammatory pathways that have been identified so far in the hypothalamus in the context of feeding behavior and body weight control impairments, with a particular focus on chemokines signaling that opens a new avenue in the understanding of the major role played by inflammation in obesity.
The pragmatic web: a manifesto

he Web has been extremely successful in enabling information sharing among a seemingly unlimited number of people worldwide. The evergrowing amount of documents on the Web, however, results in information overload and often makes it difficult to discover the information that is relevant. The goal of the Semantic Web is to develop the basis for intelligent applications that enable more efficient information use by not just providing a set of linked documents but a collection of knowledge repositories T THE PRAGMATIC WEB: AMANIFESTO By Mareike Schoop, Aldo de Moor, and Jan L.G. Dietz
Fc receptor‐like 5 promotes B cell proliferation and drives the development of cells displaying switched isotypes

The biological roles of B cell membrane proteins in the FCRL family are enigmatic. FCRL proteins, including FCRL5, were shown to modulate early BCR signaling, although the subsequent, functional consequences of receptor engagement are poorly understood. We found that FCRL5 surface protein itself was induced temporarily upon BCR stimulation of human, naive B cells, indicating precise control over timing of FCRL5 engagement. Cross‐linking of FCRL5 on cells induced to express FCRL5 enhanced B cell proliferation significantly. This enhancement required costimulation of the BCR and TLR9, two signals required for optimal proliferation of naive B cells, whereas T cell help in the form of anti‐CD40 and IL‐2 was dispensable. In addition, we found that FCRL5 stimulation generated a high proportion of cells displaying surface IgG and IgA. Optimal development of cells expressing switched isotypes required T cell help, in addition to stimuli found necessary for enhanced proliferation. Surprisingly, cells that developed upon FCRL5 stimulation simultaneously displayed surface IgM, IgG, and IgA. Cells expressing multiple Ig isotypes were described in hairy cell leukemia, a disease in which FCRL5 is overexpressed. Enhanced proliferation and downstream isotype expression upon FCRL5 stimulation could reflect a physiological role for FCRL5 in the expansion and development of antigen‐primed B cells. In addition, FCRL5 may promote growth of malignant cells in hairy cell leukemia and other FCRL5‐expressing tumors.
Histone Deacetylase 1 Phosphorylation Promotes Enzymatic Activity and Complex Formation*

Accessibility of the genome to DNA-binding transcription factors is regulated by proteins that control the acetylation of amino-terminal lysine residues on nucleosomal histones. Specifically, histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins repress transcription by deacetylating histones. To date, the only known regulatory mechanism of HDAC1 function is via interaction with associated proteins. Although the control of HDAC1 function by protein interaction and recruitment is well precedented, we were interested in exploring HDAC1 regulation by post-translational modification. Human HDAC1 protein was analyzed by ion trap mass spectrometry, and two phosphorylated serine residues, Ser421 and Ser423, were unambiguously identified. Loss of phosphorylation at Ser421and Ser423 due to mutation to alanine or disruption of the casein kinase 2 consensus sequence directing phosphorylation reduced the enzymatic activity and complex formation of HDAC1. Deletion of the highly charged carboxyl-terminal region of HDAC1 also decreased its deacetylase activity and protein associations, revealing its requirement in maintaining HDAC1 function. Our results reinforce the importance of protein associations in modulating HDAC1 function and provide the first step toward characterizing the role of post-translational modifications in regulating HDAC activity in vivo.
Prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital chloride diarrhea: A case report of 2 siblings

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD) is a rare hereditary disease. The basic defect of CLD is massive loss of Cl− and fluid into the ileum and colon. Prenatal diagnosis of this disease is quite important because the infant requires electrolyte supplementation from the early postnatal period. Two cases in which prenatal diagnoses of CLD were made in siblings are reported. Extreme electrolyte imbalance may cause fetal cardiac dysfunction or a poor general condition leading to a non‐reassuring fetal status in cases with CLD. Therefore, frequent fetal monitoring using cardiotocograms and ultrasound may be beneficial to some fetuses with CLD to detect fetal deterioration. In addition, repeated amnioreduction may be required to treat severe polyhydramnios and threatened preterm delivery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012;
Personalidad y Adaptación Psicológica Parental en Discapacidad

El nacimiento de un hijo con algun tipo de deficiencia o discapacidad supone siempre un gran estres para los padres, alterando significadamente la dinamica vital de la familia y la organizacion psicologica de estos, y ejerciendo una influencia considerable en la estructura y organizacion de su personalidad. El objetivo del pesente estudio es analizar el impacto, a largo plazo, de la experiencia de la discapacidad de un hijo, aislando estilos psicologicos preferentes en hombres y mujeres directamente relacionados con la experiencia de la discapacidad, a traves de la evaluacion de los Estilos de personalidad (Millon, 2001), que suponen una medida de dimension estables, pero no necesariamente definitivas, de la personalidad no patologico. La muestra principal esta formada pro padres y madres de ninos con un diagnostico de Espina Bifida en su manifestacion mas grave, el Mielomeningocele. Adicionalmente se presentan dos muestras de comparacion, una de Paralisis Cerebral y otra de Fisura Labio-Velo-Palatina, que permiten explorar la presencia de tales estilos ante condiciones medicas distintas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto perfiles diferenciales de personalidad para hombres y mujeres, haciendo particular alusion a las diferencias con que los padres y las madres tienden a ejercer sus respuestas ante este tipo de crisis. Finalmente, con el proposito de extraer conclusiones de tipo aplicado al estudio de los estilos de personalidad, se sugiere un modelo de intervencion profesional interdisciplinar para una mejor adaptacion de los padres y las madres a esta dificil experiencia vital.
Une morphologie de la gestualité : structuration articulaire

La gestuelle peut etre comprise a travers un substrat qui a la fois la produit et la revele. Jusqu'a present, la plupart des recherches ont ete faites dans le cadre ou le corps revele la gestuelle. Une etude des significations de la production gestuelle rend possible l'identification de criteres formels pour distinguer des types de gestes. Notre approche est basee sur une desription articulaire pour laquelle la relation entre les differents degres de liberte est decrite. L'interet d'une approche physiologique reside egalement dans les contours traces par chaque geste. Les contraintes articulaires creent des liens structurels et dynamiques entre les degres de liberte. Des schemas gestuels emergent et par la developpent leur continuite sur plusieurs segments tout en assurant la meme valeur que la forme originale. Un inventaire de ces variations montre comment le membre superieur fonctionne a la fois comme un substrat qui structure les formes gestuelles et comme un support anamorphotique pour les variations morphologiques de chaque geste. Nous montrerons comment des centres d'organisation segmentaux structurent et projettent des unites gestuelles. Nous presenterons des gestes specifiques qui ne se distinguent que par leur flux de propagation du mouvement.
Utilization of glucose and amino acids in insect cell cultures: Quantifying the metabolic flows within the primary pathways and medium development

The current understanding of insect cell metabolism is very limited. In order to gain some insight into the growth and metabolism of insect cells Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9), a comprehensive characterization of culture conditions for cells grown in the IPL‐41 medium was made by measuring the amino acid composition of the growth medium and the cell extract, the macromolecular composition of the cells (DNA, RNA, and protein), medium concentrations of various metabolites and sugars, and the evolved CO2. Since in the IPL‐41‐based serum‐free medium all of the amino acids except cysteine are in great excess of what is needed by the cells for energy and protein production, a medium formulation with an osmolarity similar to the IPL‐41 but with a lower amino acid content than IPL‐41 was also developed. The new medium also lacks maltose and sucrose (contains only glucose), supported cell growth to a high cell density of 8 × 106 cells/mL. The cellular and energetic yields indicated that a tight coupling between the biosynthetic and energetic reactions was attained for cells grown in the new medium. Moreover, it was found that the intermittent feeding of glucose may not be required as the cell yield and growth rate were comparable whether the same total amount of glucose was provided intermittently or was included initially in the medium. The eventual cessation of growth in the new medium is believed to be due to the amino acid limitation because concentrations of both glutamine and glutamate were very low at the end of the growth phase. Thus, further optimization, which may include higher initial glutamine in the medium or its intermittent feeding, could lead to a further increase in the cell density. Finally, a stoichiometrically based analysis of metabolic reactions confirmed the operation of the key pathways and was used to quantify the distribution of metabolites among primary metabolic reactions. The quantitative flow values were used to highlight some key aspects of insect cell metabolism. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Elevated Postsynaptic [Ca2+]iand L-Type Calcium Channel Activity in Aged Hippocampal Neurons: Relationship to Impaired Synaptic Plasticity

Considerable evidence supports a Ca2+dysregulation hypothesis of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. However, it is still not known whether (1) intracellular [Ca2+]i is altered in aged brain neurons during synaptically activated neuronal activity; (2) altered [Ca2+]i is directly correlated with impaired neuronal plasticity; or (3) the previously observed age-related increase in L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel (L-VSCC) density in hippocampal neurons is sufficient to impair synaptic plasticity. Here, we used confocal microscopy to image [Ca2+]i in single CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices of young-adult and aged rats during repetitive synaptic activation. Simultaneously, we recorded intracellular EPSP frequency facilitation (FF), a form of short-term synaptic plasticity that is impaired with aging and inversely correlated with cognitive function. Resting [Ca2+]i did not differ clearly with age. Greater elevation of somatic [Ca2+]i and greater depression of FF developed in aged neurons during 20 sec trains of 7 Hz synaptic activation, but only if the activation triggered repetitive action potentials for several seconds. Elevated [Ca2+]i and FF also were negatively correlated in individual aged neurons. In addition, the selective L-VSCC agonist Bay K8644 increased the afterhyperpolarization and mimicked the depressive effects of aging on FF in young-adult neurons. Thus, during physiologically relevant firing patterns in aging neurons, postsynaptic Ca2+ elevation is closely associated with altered neuronal plasticity. Moreover, selectively increasing postsynaptic L-VSCC activity, as occurs in aging, negatively regulated a form of short-term plasticity that enhances synaptic throughput. Together, the results elucidate novel processes that may contribute to impaired cognitive function in aging.