Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a genomic divergence island between black‐and‐yellow and gopher Sebastes rockfishes

Islands of high genomic divergence that contain genes of evolutionary significance may form between diverging species. The gopher rockfish, Sebastes carnatus, and black‐and‐yellow rockfish, S. chrysomelas, are sympatrically distributed temperate marine species inhabiting rocky reefs and kelp forests on the west coast of the United States. Prior studies documented low levels of genetic divergence between the two species, except at a single microsatellite locus that displayed high divergence, Sra.7‐2. To better characterize genome wide divergence, we scored 25 additional microsatellite loci. Mean neutral divergence between species (FST = 0.01) changed little from prior estimates. Sra.7‐2 continued to be an extreme divergence outlier. Five novel microsatellites within ± 15 kb of Sra.7‐2 were characterized. High divergence, consistently low diversity in S. chrysomelas, and linkage disequilibrium were detected at these loci, suggesting the influence of recent selection. However, coalescent modelling of divergence at neutral and Sra.7‐2 regions showed that initial divergence at Sra.7‐2 was ancient, likely predating divergence at neutral regions. It is therefore unlikely that Sra.7‐2 divergence represents solely recent ecological divergence within one species and may represent the action of recurrent selection. Introgressive gene flow (2NEm) was much higher (>>1) at neutral than Sra.7‐2 regions (<<1) despite evidence that two S. carnatus individuals have recently mixed ancestry at the Sra.7‐2 region. The Sra.7‐2 genomic region is likely one of several regions containing genes involved in initiating and maintaining species integrity. Completion of the final stages of speciation appears to be a slow and ongoing process for these species.
Cash flow disaggregation and prediction of cash flow

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the incremental information content of estimates of cash flow components in predicting future cash flows. Design/methodology/approach - The authors examine whether the models incorporating components of operating cash flow from income statements and balance sheets using the direct method are associated with smaller prediction errors than the models incorporating core and non-core cash flow. Findings - Using data from US and UK firms and multiple regression analysis, the authors find that around 60 per cent of a current year’s cash flow will persist into the next period’s cash flows, and that income statement and balance sheet variables persist similarly. The explanatory power and predictive ability of disaggregated cash flow models are superior to that of an aggregated model, and further disaggregating previously applied core and non-core cash flows provides incremental information about income statement and balance sheet items that enhances prediction of future cash flows. Disaggregated models and their components produce lower out-of-sample prediction errors than an aggregated model. Research limitations/implications - This study improves our appreciation of the behaviour of cash flow components and confirms the need for detailed cash flow information in accordance with the articulation of financial statements. Practical implications - The findings are relevant to investors and analysts in predicting future cash flows and to regulators with respect to disclosure requirements and recommendations. Social implications - The findings are also relevant to financial statement users interested in better predicting a firm’s future cash flows and thereby, its firm’s value. Originality/value - This paper contributes to the existing literature by further disaggregating cash flow items into their underlying items from income statements and balance sheets.
Regional differences in diagnosing asthma and other allergic diseases in Estonian schoolchildren.

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases among Estonian schoolchildren of the cities lacking special (pediatric allergological) health care. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study, carried out through 1 March to 8 May, 2003, enrolled 5th- to 12th-grade schoolchildren of 4 schools in different regions of Estonia. A three-step protocol was followed: screening questionnaire, examination by a pulmonary resident, and consultation by a pediatric allergologist. RESULTS Of the 3132 questionnaires distributed, 1561 (49%) were returned. A total of 828 schoolchildren answered positively to any of the questions about possible allergic disease. After examination by the pulmonary resident, 255 schoolchildren (15.7%) were referred to an allergologist for final diagnosis. Asthma was diagnosed in 4.8%, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in 4.9%, and atopic eczema in 8.3% of schoolchildren. Asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and urticaria occurred more frequently in Narva as compared with Võru. CONCLUSION The 12-month prevalence of asthma among Estonian schoolchildren was 4.8%, and the prevalence of allergic diseases varied from region to region. Less than half (40%) of all asthma cases identified during the study were newly diagnosed, and this clearly indicates that there is a considerable underdiagnosis of the disease among schoolchildren living outside of the centers in Estonia.
Sequential Trimetrexate, 5-Fluorouracil and Folinic Acid Are Effective and Well Tolerated in Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

Trimetrexate (TMTX) is a new antifolate which avoids competition for cellular uptake with folinic acid (FA). A regimen of sequential TMTX, FA and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has shown efficacy in patients with colorectal cancer. Therefore, we treated 34 previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with a weekly chemotherapy regimen consisting of 110 mg/m2 of TMTX intravenously, then 24 h later 200 mg/m2 of FA (i.v.) and 500 mg/m2 of 5-FU (i.v.). Thereafter, 7 doses of oral FA (15 mg) were given at 6-hourly intervals. A treatment cycle consisted of 6 weeks of treatment, then 2 weeks of rest. All patients were treated as outpatients unless complications arose. Thirty-three patients were assessable for tumor response, and all 34 patients were assessable for toxicity. Twelve patients (36%; 95% confidence interval: 25–49%) achieved a partial response. The median duration of response was 8.5 months, and median survival was 14 months. The most common toxicity was diarrhea of grade 3/4, observed in 22% of treatment cycles; this decreased to 8% with early loperamide treatment. Hematologic toxicity was mild. The sequential administration of TMTX, FA and 5-FU is an active regimen in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and warrants further studies.
Gaining Perspective: Social Media’s Impact on Adolescent Literacy Development

This qualitative study explores both teacher and student perspectives of social media’s impact on adolescent literacy development. In addition, it also investigates perspectives concerning if and how social media could be integrated into a classroom to improve student literacy skills. Research remains in dispute regarding the impact of social media use on literacy skills, as there are studies that claim social media both positively and negatively impacts students’ skills. Surveys of both teachers and students as well as semi-structured interviews of students were given and analyzed to gain insight concerning both the impact of social media on literacy skills, as well as if and how social media could be used in the classroom.
The development of the cervical spinal cord of the mouse embryo. II. A Golgi analysis of sensory, commissural, and association cell differentiation

The present report describes for the first time the early differentiation of dorsal root ganglion cells and internuncial cells in the spinal cord of mammals using the rapid Golgi technique; embryos of 9–11 days gestation (E9–E11, where E0 = day vaginal plug observed) were used. On E9 dorsal root ganglion cells are relatively undifferentiated and are just beginning to take on a bipolar appearance. A few commissural neurons are differentiating in the alar and basal plates, but their axons have not yet crossed the ventral commissure. Occasionally an ipsilateral funicular or association cell is seen in the alar plate. By E10 bipolar dorsal root ganglion cells send processes both centrally into the spinal cord and peripherally to join the ventral root as the spinal nerve. The relatively few association neurons are intermingled among commissural cells except that they are not found in the region of the ventral horn. The axon of many commissural neurons crosses the ventral commissure. On E11 a thin lateral funiculus is seen as well as the oval bundle of His (presumptive dorsal funiculus). An occasional dorsal root ganglion cell has attained the unipolar stage of differentiation. The commissural and association neurons are still intermingled along the outer regions of the mantle layer, especially in the alar plate region. Both commissural and association cells start to differentiate within the ventricular layer as radially oriented, bipolar neuroblasts. As the cell somas reach the outer region of the ventricular layer the cells become unipolar. The cells reorient more dorsoventrally and a primary dendrite grows first from the pole opposite the axon. This sequence of cell differentiation is in general agreement with what is seen in the differentiation of ventral root motoneurons.
Long‐term molecular remission with lenalidomide treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Lenalidomide is effective against relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We report the first case of long‐term molecular remission with continuous lenalidomide treatment in a young patient with CLL relapsed to multiple treatments. Minimal residual disease was assessed by nested polymerase chain reaction on bone marrow samples with patient‐specific primers. A 20‐yr‐old patient with standard‐risk CLL was treated with lenalidomide after multiple relapses and achieved a 4 yr long complete molecular response with minimal toxicities. Published biologic data support that lenalidomide induces an immune‐mediated control of CLL, and our case suggests that long‐term treatment with lenalidomide is effective at a molecular level in patients with relapsed CLL.
High cure rate with a moderately intensive treatment regimen in non-high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Results of protocol ALL VI from the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group.

PURPOSE Here we report the results of a nationwide cooperative study in the Netherlands on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children. The aim of the study was to improve the cure rate and to minimize side effects in a group of non-high-risk ALL patients, especially with regard to the CNS. A second aim was to study potential prognostic factors. METHODS Children (age 0 to 15 years) with non-high-risk ALL (WBC count < 50 x 10(9)/L, no mediastinal mass, no B-cell phenotype, and no CNS involvement) were treated with a uniform protocol, ALL VI. The treatment protocol used 6-week induction regimen with three drugs (vincristine, dexamethasone, and asparaginase), three weekly doses of intravenous (IV) medium high-dose methotrexate (2 g/m2), and 2-year maintenance therapy that consisted of alternating 5-week periods of methotrexate and mercaptopurine and 2-week periods of vincristine and dexamethasone. In the first year of maintenance, triple intrathecal therapy was administered every 7 weeks. RESULTS From December 1, 1984 until July 1, 1988, 291 children with ALL were diagnosed; 206 were categorized as non-high-risk (71%), and 190 were treated according to protocol ALL VI. At 8 years, the event-free survival (EFS) rate was 81% (SE = 3%) and survival rate 85% (SE = 2.9%); the median follow-up time was 7.3 years (range, 36 to 117 months). The CNS relapse rate was 1.1% (two of 184 patients who achieved a complete remission [CR]). The only factor found to be of negative prognostic importance in terms of EFS (P = .05) was a positive acid phosphatase reaction. CONCLUSION For children with non-high-risk ALL, the combination of IV medium high-dose methotrexate (2 g/m2 times three), triple intrathecal therapy in the first year of maintenance treatment, and the use of dexamethasone for induction and pulses during maintenance treatment has proved to be highly effective, especially in the prevention of CNS relapse. A high cure rate was achieved without the use of anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and cranial irradiation.
Clinical Diversity of CNS Cryptococcosis.

Background Though cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is recognized as a disease of the immunocompromised, studies have implicated that it also affect immunocompetent patients. Methodology This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Medicine of a tertiary teaching institution in North India. All the patients diagnosed with CM on the basis of detection of cryptococcal antigen or the presence of capsulated budding yeast cells on India ink preparation, from April 2009 to March2015 were included in the study. Demographical profile, clinical presentation, predisposing factors, CSFcharacteristics, imaging abnormalities and in patient outcome were noted and analyzed. Results Among the 40 patients diagnosed with CM, 62.5% of them were males. Patients who were immunocompetent constituted 20%, those with predisposing factors other than HIV were 25% and55% had HIV infection (initial presentation in 59%). Mean age of presentation was 44.75 ± 15.58 years. Mean duration of symptoms in all three groups varied from few days to 4-5 weeks. Clinical presentations included fever (16), headache (14), altered sensorium (16), seizures (5), paraparesis (4), hemiparesis (2), lateral rectus palsy (3), VII nerve palsy (2), bilateral vision loss with ptosis (1) and ataxia (1). Neck stiffness was present in 50% patients of immunocompetent group, 45.45% of HIV patients and none in the 3rd group. Acellular CSF (37.5%) was not unusual. Mean CSF white cell count in HIV patients, in other immunocompromised patients and immunocompetent patients were 100± 158.53, 36.88 ± 92.43 and 32.5 ± 62.05 /mm3 respectively which was predominantly lymphocytic. Mean CSF protein were 136.73 ± 139.82, 62.67 ± 51.11 and 152.29 ± 218.24 g/dl in these groups. Abnormalities detected on imaging included, meningeal enhancement, encephalomalacia, infarct, cerebellitis, hydrocephalus, cord hyper intensities and cervical spine intramedullary lesion. Mortality rate in CM patients was 20%. On mortality analysis, death was mostly attributed to the primary disease. Conclusion Clinical presentation of CM in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients was similar. Though previous studies noted less inflammation in immunocompromised patients, in this series it was noted that both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients mounted similar inflammatory response. Since the presentation of CM is variable, all cases of meningitis should be screened for the same.
Assessment of Vitamin D Level in Autoimmune Thyroiditis Patients and a Control Group in the Polish Population.

BACKGROUND Vitamin D, known for its role in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, is also a significant immunomodulatory factor. Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in some autoimmune disorders. Recently, vitamin D level in autoimmune thyroiditis (HT - Hashimoto's thyroiditis) has become the subject of researchers' interest. OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess vitamin 25-OH-D3 levels in HT patients in comparison to a control group in the Polish population. This would be the first attempt conducted in this region with such poor sunlight exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS The group we studied consisted of 62 subjects diagnosed with HT (mean age 49.15±15.51) and 32 healthy controls matched with age and sex (mean age 46.09±14.32). All blood samples were collected in the first quarter of the year to minimize the impact of seasonal fluctuations of vitamin D concentrations. RESULTS In the HT group the mean vitamin D level was 20.09 nmol/L (SD±12.66), compared to 30.31 nmol/L (SD±19.49) in the controls, p=0.014. None of the patients and the controls was vitamin D sufficient (75-125 nmol/L). The deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was significantly more common among HT patients compared to the controls (61-98.4% vs. 27- 84.4%, p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that serum vitamin D concentration is significantly lower in HT patients in comparison to the control group. This suggests vitamin D deficit as one of the risk factors for HT development. Observed vitamin D level was also low in the control group, therefore wider supplementation in general population should be recommended.
Estimates of the burden of rotavirus disease in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND Accurate national estimates of the disease burden associated with rotavirus diarrhea are essential when considering implementation of a rotavirus vaccination program. We sought to estimate rotavirus disease-associated morbidity and mortality in Malaysia, using available sources of information. METHODS We analyzed national data from the Ministry of Health (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) to derive rates of hospitalization, clinic visits, and deaths related to acute gastroenteritis (AG) among children <5 years of age. The number of events attributable to rotavirus infection was estimated by multiplying age-stratified rates of detection of rotavirus from 2 hospital surveillance sites by national data. RESULTS In 1999 and 2000, an average of 13,936 children (1 in 187 children) were hospitalized annually for AG. Surveillance of visits to outpatient clinics for AG identified an average of 60,342 such visits/year between 1998 and 2000. The AG-associated mortality rate was 2.5 deaths/100,000 children. On the basis of the finding that 50% of children were hospitalized for rotavirus diarrhea, we estimated that 1 in 61 children will be hospitalized for rotavirus disease and that 1 in 37 children will seek treatment as an outpatient. CONCLUSIONS Among Malaysian children, there is a significant burden associated with AG- and rotavirus disease-related hospitalizations and outpatient visits, and this burden potentially could be prevented by the use of rotavirus vaccines.
Definitions of business relationship ending - A literature review

What constitutes a business relationship ending and when do we know it has ended, if ever? This study argues for the importance of defining the ending of a business relationship and discusses the concepts involved and the definitions used when referring to the phenomenon. We base our discussion on a systematic review of articles dealing with the ending of B2B relationships. We suggest that to overcome the barriers of scientific knowledge production created by fuzzy conceptual language, researchers should be sensitive to the multiple meanings of terms, define the concepts they use clearly, and apply them in a consistent manner. This study is part of EmoCha research project funded by the Academy of Finland.
Structural comparison between oxidized and reduced Escherichia coli thioredoxin. Proton NMR and CD studies.

Escherichia coli thioredoxin (Mr 11,700) usually functions as a hydrogen carrier protein that undergoes reversible oxidation/reduction reactions of its active-site disulfide linkage. By use of a number of assigned and identified resonances in one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectra, the two forms of the protein have been compared. Only groups that are relatively close to the active-site Cys-32, Cys-35 linkage such as Trp-28, Trp-31, Phe-27, Ala-29, and Val-25 undergo substantial changes in their 1H NMR chemical shift upon reduction. Various residues that are further removed from the active site, like Tyr-49, Tyr-70, His-6, Phe-12, Phe-81, and Phe-102, appear to be little affected (less than 0.02 ppm) by the reduction, suggesting that the rest of the protein structure is not much affected. Thus, the structural changes that occur upon reduction appear to be localized to the disulfide-containing turn and the central strand of the twisted beta-sheet that directly leads to this turn. Notwithstanding the apparent similarity in the secondary and tertiary structures of the oxidized and reduced forms of the protein, the thermal stability of the protein decreases by 10 degrees C upon the reduction of the single disulfide. This was found by both 1H NMR and near- and far-ultraviolet circular dichroism studies. Oxidized thioredoxin was also more resistant to alkaline denaturation. Furthermore, the exchange rate of the relatively stable slow-exchanging backbone amide protons that are part of the core of the twisted five-stranded beta-sheet of thioredoxin increases substantially after reduction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Moroccan Juniperus phoenicea

The antibacterial activity of the essential oil from leaves of Juniperus phoenicea (Cupressaceae) and its chemical constituents were investigated in this study. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID), and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Sixty-three volatile compounds were identified representing 52 to 92% of the total oil compositions. The main monoterpenes were α-pinene (26.7-78.7%) and δ-3carene (7.6-15.4%). The antibacterial activity of J. phoenicea essential oil, when tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, showed high activity against all bacteria tested, except Pseudomonas.
Management of severe ulcerative colitis with the help of high resolution ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVES The prognosis of attacks of ulcerative colitis is clearly linked to the extent and activity of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of high resolution ultrasonography in assessing both the extent and activity of severe ulcerative colitis and its response to medical treatment. METHODS Fifty-seven consecutive patients affected by a severe (32 patients) or moderately severe (25 patients) attack of ulcerative colitis underwent ultrasonographic examination. The ultrasonographic extent of the disease was evaluated in 32 patients by comparing ultrasonography and scintigraphy. RESULTS Compared with scintigraphy, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of ultrasonographic extent were 89%, 100%, and 91%, respectively. These results were also confirmed in a subgroup of patients submitted to surgery, comparing ultrasonographic and scintigraphic data versus specimens. Using the ultrasonographic score of activity, it was possible to discriminate severe and moderately severe attacks with a specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic accuracy of 96%, 90.3%, and 92.9% respectively. A close correlation was also found between ultrasonographic and scintigraphic activity (r = 0.78; p < 0.001). After 10 days of intensive treatment, the ultrasonographic activity significantly decreased in severe and moderate groups (p < 0.001) and in both subgroups of nonoperated patients (p < 0.001) but not in operated patients (p = NS). CONCLUSIONS High resolution ultrasonography can be useful in assessing both extent and activity of severe ulcerative colitis, in monitoring the patient's condition, and in objectively evaluating the response to medical therapy.