Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroleptic Drugs Affect Sympathetic and Thermogenic Reactions to Orexin A

This review of our literature describes the effects of many neuroleptic drugs on the sympathetic and hyperthermic reactions due to orexin A, a neuropeptide affecting body temperature and food intake by an increase in sympathetic activity. Haloperidol reduces, while clozapine and olanzapine block the hyperthermia induced by orexin A. Risperidone enhances the elevation of body temperature due to orexin A. Quetiapine delays these hyperthermic effects. The implications on human therapeutic strategies are discussed, including the involvement of orexinergic pathway in the induction of obesity, induced by these neuroleptic substances. We summarize our published data in a unique report so to emphasize the influences of these neuroleptic drugs on the control of body temperature, exerted by orexinergic system. This large vision could be also useful to address therapeutic choices. Patients with serious mental illness are at higher risk of developing metabolic abnormalities (e.g., weight gain, increased blood pressure, and glucose or lipid levels) in comparison to general population. Since the risk increases following initiation of narcoleptic therapy, it must assess carefully risks and benefits when choosing a particular antipsychotic drug.
An Empirical Research on Leverage and Stock Returns in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)

This is an empirical study that investigates the effect of firm’s leverage on stock returns. For this purpose, new definitions of leverage and generalized method of movements (GMM) estimators were used. 102 listed companies for the period of 2003-2009 which met the criteria were chosen. The analysis was done at the firm and portfolio levels.Results indicate that returns have a negative and linear relation with leverage at the firm and portfolio levels.
Effect of culture, risk, and trust on the selection of dispute resolution methods in international construction contracts

International construction projects provide opportunities for developing countries to advance in the global economy, and for international firms to increase their profit and market share. Despite the attractive opportunities that international construction offers, there are many challenges and difficulties when moving into international markets. These include the many risks associated with differences in culture, economic conditions, specifications/standards, legal frameworks, exchange rates regulations, and productivity levels. All these aspects affect the way contract clauses are drafted, including the dispute resolution clause. Since many risks are associated with international construction, whether external or project-specific risks, the different cultures the company needs to deal with and manage, and the level of trust the international parties share, it becomes necessary to choose an appropriate dispute resolution method (DRM), depending on the conditions for each project. The objectives of this study are to identify factors that have an effect on the choice of DRMs in international construction contracts and to recommend specific DRMs to contractors based in English-speaking countries, who plan to operate in the Middle East or Asia. In this research, a concurrent mixed-method design is employed. Factors affecting the choice of DRMs and the effect of culture, risk, and trust on the current choice of DRMs are investigated, using a quantitative method—surveys. In addition, a Delphi technique is used to obtain the views of experts on factors to consider when choosing a DRM in an international contract and on the effects of culture, risk, and trust. Results from this study show the first two factors affecting the choice of DRMs from both industry and experts’ perspectives are related to the country of operation and culture. Both culture and risk, do not have a statistically significant effect on choice of DRMs, while trust does. Arbitration is the most recommended DRM in all project conditions, except in projects with high trust between contracting parties where negotiation is the most recommended. Non-amicable DRMs, such as litigation, mini-trial, and summary jury trial are the least recommended methods. From the results obtained, a DRM-Culture Risk Trust (DRM-CRT) model is developed to assist international contractors from English speaking countries planning to operate in the Middle East or Asia in the choice of the appropriate
CEO Compensation Mix and Analysts' Forecast Accuracy and Bias

We investigate the relation between the proportion of total compensation received by CEOs from stock options and the accuracy and bias of analysts' earnings forecasts. We hypothesize that forecast accuracy decreases as the proportion of stock option pay increases. Higher proportions of stock options induce managers to undertake riskier projects, to change and/or reallocate their effort, to manipulate accounting earnings, and to make opportunistic voluntary disclosures, resulting in an increase in the complexity of forecasting. We also examine the relation between forecast bias and the proportion of stock option pay. Analysts' optimistic forecast bias increases as the proportion of stock option pay increases. Because forecast complexity increases with stock option pay, analysts, needing greater access to management's information to produce accurate forecasts, have incentives to increase the optimistic bias in their forecasts. Our empirical evidence indicates that analysts' earnings forecast accuracy decreases and forecast optimism increases as the proportion of CEO compensation from stock options increases, even after controlling for previously identified determinants of forecasting difficulty.
11C-PIB PET imaging reveals that amyloid deposition in cases with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease in the absence of known mutations retains higher levels of PIB in the basal ganglia

Purpose Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) has a different pathologic burden and clinical features compared with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). We examined the effects of age at onset on the burden and distribution of β-amyloid in patients with EOAD, in whom well-characterized mutations associated with Alzheimer’s disease were absent. Methods We genotyped ApoE, APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 in the patients with Alzheimer’s disease: 9 patients with EOAD (age <65), 11 with LOAD (age >70) and 8 normal controls (NCs), all of whom had undergone 11C-labeled Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography imaging. Results Patients with EOAD exhibited higher z scores and larger cluster sizes, and retained higher levels of Pittsburgh compound B in the bilateral thalamus and in some parts of the globus pallidus (P<0.05, false discovery rate). Conclusion Distribution of amyloid deposition in EOAD outside the context of genetic mutations topographically showed some differences from that in LOAD.
Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit

The following paper presents current thinking and research on fit indices for structural equation modelling. The paper presents a selection of fit indices that are widely regarded as the most informative indices available to researchers. As well as outlining each of these indices, guidelines are presented on their use. The paper also provides reporting strategies of these indices and concludes with a discussion on the future of fit indices.
Exaggerated Anesthetic Requirements in the Preferentially Anesthetized Brain

BackgroundThe brain is assumed to be the site of anesthetic action, but anesthetics have effects elsewhere, such as the spinal cord. A preferentially anesthetized goat brain model was used to determine the importance of anesthetic action in the brain. MethodsSix goats were anesthetized with isoflurane; after tracheal intubation and insertion of a femoral arterial catheter, bilateral neck dissections were performed to isolate the external carotid arteries and external jugular veins. The occipital arteries were ligated to prevent vertebral blood from entering the carotid system. (Goats do not have direct, significant vertebral artery contributions to the brain, and they lack internal jugular veins.) Control Isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined using a dew-claw clamp as the painful stimulus. Following this, cranial venous blood was drained into a bubble oxygenator in which an isoflurane vaporizer was placed in line with the gas flow. Oxygenator arterial isoflurane concentration was estimated from the Isoflurane partial pressure in the oxygenator exhaust. Isoflurane administration via the lungs was discontinued and the isoflurane partial pressure in the blood delivered via the carotid artery was Increased by an amount required to bracket the partial pressures permitting and preventing movement in response to dew-claw stimulation. The native circulation was reestablished and MAC determined again. ResultsCerebral Isoflurane requirements were 1.2 ± 0.3% (mean ± SD) before bypass, increased to 2.9 ± 0.7% during bypass when the brain was preferentially anesthetized, and decreased to 1.3 ± 0.1% after bypass. ConclusionsThe results support the importance of sub-cortical structures, such as the spinal cord, in the generation of purposeful movement in response to a painful stimulus under general anesthesia.
INTEGRASI SUMBER DAYA STRATEGIS, ORIENTASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN SEBAGAI BASIS STRATEGI BERSAING SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA USAHA DI PROVINSI RIAU

SMEs in Indonesia also have a strategicrole in developing the national economy through the export of non-oil activity, particularly in the manufacturing sector. Although it has a central role in the national economy, SMEs are still not provide significant added value to economic development in Indonesians, and said to be the main cause of slow economic recovery Indonesian compared to other Asian countries. to develop a research model based RBV of the Firm that integrates internal and external aspects as a base strategy for improving business performance in the context of SMEs. Based on the analysis and discussion that has been done in this study, it can be concluded as follows : Mastery of strategic resources are less able to increase the accuracy of the application of competitive strategy. Improved implementation of proven entrepreneurial orientation can improve with proper application of competitive strategy. Improved implementation of organizational communication are less able to increase the application of competitive strategy appropriately. Increased control of strategic resources can improve business performance. Improved implementation of entrepreneurial orientation is not necessarily improve business performance. Improved implementation of organizational communication is not necessarily improve business performance. Improved implementation of competitive strategies proven to improve business performance Keywords: SMEs, strategic resources, business performance
Combining Erlotinib and Cetuximab Is Associated with Activity in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (Including Squamous Cell Carcinomas) and Wild-Type EGFR or Resistant Mutations

Preclinical data suggest that combined EGF receptor (EGFR) targeting with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody may be superior over single-agent targeting. Therefore, as part of a phase I study, we analyzed the outcome of 20 patients with non–small cell lung cancer treated with the combination of erlotinib and cetuximab. EGFR mutation status was ascertained in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment–approved laboratory. There were 10 men; median number of prior therapies was five. Overall, two of 20 patients (10%) achieved partial response (PR), one of whom had a TKI-resistant EGFR insertion in exon 20, time to treatment failure (TTF) = 24+ months, and the other patient had squamous cell histology (EGFR wild-type), TTF = 7.4 months. In addition, three of 20 patients (15%) achieved stable disease (SD) ≥6 six months (one of whom had wild-type EGFR and squamous cell histology, and two patients had an EGFR TKI-sensitive mutation, one of whom had failed prior erlotinib therapy). Combination therapy with ertotinib plus cetuximab was well tolerated. The most common toxicities were rash, diarrhea, and hypomagnesemia. The recommended phase II dose was erlotinib 150 mg oral daily and cetuximab 250 mg/m2 i.v. weekly. In summary, erlotinib and cetuximab treatment was associated with SD ≥ six months/PR in five of 20 patients with non–small cell lung cancer (25%), including individuals with squamous histology, TKI-resistant EGFR mutations, and wild-type EGFR, and those who had progressed on prior erlotinib after an initial response. This combination warrants further study in select populations of non–small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 2167–75. ©2013 AACR.
Genome-wide chromatin footprinting reveals changes in replication origin architecture induced by pre-RC assembly

Start sites of DNA replication are marked by the origin recognition complex (ORC), which coordinates Mcm2–7 helicase loading to form the prereplicative complex (pre-RC). Belsky et al. “footprinted” nucleosomes, transcription factors, and replication proteins at multiple points during the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. This revealed a precise ORC-dependent footprint at 269 origins in G2. A separate class of inefficient origins exhibited protein occupancy only in G1. The local chromatin environment restricts the loading of the Mcm2–7 double hexamer either upstream of or downstream from the ACS.
Efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy for the treatment of depressive episodes in bipolar I disorder: a post hoc analysis of combined results from 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine monotherapy for the treatment of major depressive episodes in patients with bipolar I disorder, as a post hoc analysis of data from 2 large studies, the BipOLar DEpRession (BOLDER) I and II studies, which investigated the overall efficacy of quetiapine in both bipolar I and II disorder. METHOD A combined cohort of patients with depressive episodes in bipolar I disorder (DSM-IV criteria) (N = 694) from 2 nearly identical double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies that each randomly assigned patients with bipolar I and II disorder to 8 weeks of treatment with quetiapine 300 or 600 mg/day or placebo was analyzed. The primary efficacy measure was change from baseline to end of treatment (week 8) in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total scores. RESULTS In the combined cohort of patients with depressive episodes in bipolar I disorder from 2 studies, there were significantly greater clinical improvements in mean MADRS total scores among patients who received quetiapine compared with placebo from baseline to week 1 and through week 8 (at week 8: quetiapine 300 mg/day = -19.4; 600 mg/day = -19.6; placebo = -12.6; p < .001 for each dose), providing effect sizes of 0.78 and 0.80, respectively. Changes in MADRS were unrelated to reports of sedation and somnolence. The most common adverse events (AEs) with quetiapine were dry mouth, somnolence, sedation, dizziness, and constipation. Rates of withdrawal because of these AEs were relatively low. CONCLUSIONS Quetiapine monotherapy (300 and 600 mg/day) is more effective than placebo and generally well tolerated for the treatment of depressive episodes in patients with bipolar I disorder.
Ocean circulation and climate in an idealised Pangean OAGCM

An idealised Pangean configuration is integrated in a coupled ocean atmosphere general circulation model to investigate the form of the ocean circulation and its impacts on the large scale climate system. A vigorous, hemispherically symmetric overturning is found, driven by deep water formation at high latitudes. Whilst the peak mass transport is around 100 Sv, a low vertical temperature gradient in the ocean means that the maximum heat transport is only 1.2 PW. The geographical change in the coupled model is found to produce a global average warming of 2°C, despite an increase in global surface albedo. This occurs through changes in the atmospheric water vapour and cloud distributions. There is also reduction in the equator‐pole temperature gradient, largely attributable to the same causes, avoiding the paradox of low meridional temperature gradients without increased polar heat transport.
The role of social capital in technology adoption and livestock development.

A cross sectional study was conducted to establish the role of social capital in livestock development. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data. Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected from 107 livestock farmers from five sub counties purposively selected based on a high livestock population. Qualitatively, five focus group discussions and key informant interviews with livestock development stakeholders were conducted. Results indicated eleven social groups (networks) and the major ones were faith groups, groups linking social networks to institutions, farmer groups, and family groups. These social groups and networks contributed to acquisition of knowledge (40%), skills (32.2%) and technologies (17.1%%) for livestock development, influenced choice of livestock enterprises (75.7%), determined access to labor (76.6%), influenced work (50%) and enhanced access and utilization of financial services (87%,). The study has shown that a network of friends, relatives and neighbours influenced labour productivity (52.7%), time to start and leave work (32.1%), gender roles or division of labour (12.9%) and time spent on leisure (4.3%). However the influence on labor productivity was more pronounced among people of the same religion (P=0.04) and ethnicity (P = 0.00). The networks influenced farmers mainly as role models (44.2%), decision on income generating activities (32.6%) and source of seed stock (16.3%). Level of education determined the number of extension advisors on a livestock enterprise (P=0.02). Similarly, the more a farmer diversified livestock enterprises the more he/she engaged extension workers in providing trainings and or advisory services resulting in significant adoption of livestock technologies (P=0.00). The most adopted technologies were; disease control (30.6%), breeding (25.9%) and tick control (22.1%). The major extension approaches were farmer group (53.9%) and farm visit (25.1%). Mobile phones enhanced social networks and dissemination of livestock related information (97.2%). Social networks were enhanced through regular meetings of network members, exchange visits and rearing animals together. The study established that social capital plays a key role in livestock development,technology adoption, dissemination and participation in extension activities.
The Importance of the Presence of a 5′-Ribonucleotide and the Contribution of the T1R1 + T1R3 Heterodimer and an Additional Low-Affinity Receptor in the Taste Detection of l-Glutamate as Assessed Psychophysically

The molecular receptors underlying the purported “umami” taste quality commonly associated with l-glutamate have been controversial. Evidence supports the involvement of the T1R1 + T1R3 heterodimer, a GPCR broadly tuned to l-amino acids, but variants of two mGluRs expressed in taste buds have also been implicated. Using a rigorous psychophysical taste-testing paradigm, we demonstrated impaired, if not eliminated, detection of MSG in WT and T1R1, T1R2, T1R3, and T1R2 + T1R3 KO mice when the contribution of sodium was minimized by the epithelial sodium channel blocker amiloride. When inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP), a ribonucleotide that potentiates the l-glutamate signal through the T1R1 + T1R3 heterodimer, was added, the WT and T1R2 KO mice were able to detect the compound stimulus across all MSG (+amiloride) concentrations due, in part, to the taste of IMP. In contrast, mice lacking T1R1 or T1R3 could not detect IMP alone, yet some were able to detect MSG + amiloride + IMP, but only at the higher MSG concentrations. Interestingly, the sensitivity of T1R1 KO mice to another l-amino acid, lysine, was unimpaired, suggesting that some l-amino acids can be detected through T1R1 + T1R3-independent receptors without sensitivity loss. Given that IMP is not thought to affect mGluRs, behavioral detection of l-glutamate appears to require the contribution of the T1R1 + T1R3 receptor. However, the partial competence observed in some T1R1 and T1R3 KO mice when MSG + amiloride + IMP was tested suggests that a T1R1 or T1R3 homodimer or an unidentified protein, perhaps in conjunction with T1R1 or T1R3, can serve as a low-affinity taste receptor for l-glutamate in the presence of IMP.
Clinical profile of stroke:: The experience at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

OBJECTIVES To determine the pattern and risk factors of stroke in Saudi nationals and non-Saudis, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), in the western province of Saudi Arabia. METHOD All cases of stroke admitted to KAUH in the period between January 1995 and December 1999 were studied. Demographic data of the patients, stroke types, risk factors and mortality were reported. RESULTS Of the 103 patients studied, 56% were Saudis and 44 % non-Saudis with male predominance and mean ages of 66 and 62 years respectively. In Saudis, the stroke types were 74% ischemic, 10% hemorrhagic and 16% unspecified, whereas in non-Saudis, the figures were respectively 62%, 29% and 9%. The frequency of stroke increased steadily with age in Saudis but dropped after the sixth decade in non-Saudis. There was no significant difference between the Saudis and the non-Saudis in the occurrence of risk factors for stroke or in mortality. CONCLUSION The pattern and risk factors of cases of stroke treated at KAUH are similar to those reported from other regions of Saudi Arabia and other parts of the world.
Consumer Perceptions of Cpa Webtrust Assurances: Evidence of an Expectations Gap

The AICPA/CICA has established WebTrust to respond to consumer concerns about the risks of making purchases over the Internet. While WebTrust provides assurances related to Internet vendors'; business and security practices, it does not provide assurances with respect to product or service quality. This paper examines perceptions of the assurances provided by WebTrust and the effect of WebTrust on the willingness to make Internet purchases by asking 106 accounting majors to complete a case concerning a company engaging in electronic commerce. Results suggest that, while WebTrust provided no additional assurances with respect to business and security practices, it resulted in higher perceived product quality. We also find that product quality is the most important determinant of subjects'; willingness to purchase from a Web site displaying the WebTrust seal. The results suggest an expectation gap and suggest that the AICPA/CICA should examine closely the value added by WebTrust and better communicate its purpose.