Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attending Behavior and Academic Performance of Emotionally Disturbed Children

Teachers of emotionally disturbed children have long been concerned with the development of attending to task and academic performance behaviors as educational programing priorities for their students. Strategies for each of these behaviors can be found in the literature, but little data is available to support an interrelationship between both behaviors. Shores and Haubrich (1969) demonstrated that the study cubicle increases attending to task but has no concurrent effect of increasing academic performance. Hall, Lund, and Jackson (1970) and others have demonstrated that contingent reinforcement for attending to task behavior increased attending to task, but concurrent increases in academic performances were not documented. Thus, if a teacher used either strategy, attending to task could be expected, but concurrent increases in academic performance should not be considered. Increased academic performance through the use of contingent reinforcement has been adequately documented in the literature (Nolan, Kunzleman, & Haring, 1967; Lovitt & Esveldt, 1970); however, little supportive data is available to demonstrate a relation between academic performance and attending behavior. The classroom teacher needs to have specific techniques, clarified in terms of effect, to more adequately program within the educational setting.
Intensive Care Unit Extubation Does Not Preclude Extrarenal Organ Recovery from Donors after Cardiac Death

Background. We have sought to increase the utilization of both renal and extrarenal organs from donors after cardiac death (DCD), including DCD donors with ICU extubation. Methods. Extubation occurred in the intensive care unit (ICU; n=15) and operating room (OR; n=5). The charts of donors were reviewed for demographics, cause of death, time of asystole and cold perfusion. Recipient’s charts were reviewed for graft function, length of hospitalization, serum creatinine (Cr) at discharge and last follow-up. Peak transaminases, amylase, and lipase for liver and pancreas recipients were also reviewed. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Results. From December 2002 until December 2004, 20 DCD donors were utilized yielding 34 kidney transplants (33 recipients), five liver (1 liver-kidney), and two pancreas (SPK) transplants. Mean follow-up overall is 260 days. ICU extubation occurred in 26/33 (78.8%) kidneys, 3/5(60%) livers and 1/2 (50%) pancreata performed. Time from extubation to asystole was 15.9±1.9 min and overall warm ischemia time was 12.5±1.0 min. Serum Cr at discharge and at last follow-up for renal grafts are 4.3±0.5 and 1.9±0.3 mg/dl, respectively. Peak AST and ALT levels after OLTx were 3620±951 and 1955±266 i.u. , respectively. Peak and discharge total bilirubin were 8.1±0.9 and 2.5±0.5 mg/dl. Length of hospitalization was 9.6±1.0 and 15.8±2.3 days for kidney and liver recipients, respectively. Both pancreas recipients were insulin free after transplant. Conclusions. ICU extubation should not eliminate extrarenal organs from consideration and may be preferable to OR extubation by improving family support and eliminating OR staff concerns about their role in end-of-life care.
The initiation cascade for chromosome replication in wild‐type and Dam methyltransferase deficient Escherichia coli cells.

‘Newborn’ Escherichia coli B/r cells, obtained by membrane elution, were used to study the cell cycles of wild‐type and Dam methyltransferase mutants. In wild‐type cells, initiation of chromosome replication was synchronous and tightly controlled. In dam mutants, initiation was altered, but not random. We propose that this is due to the absence of an initiation cascade caused by liberated DnaA molecules, and that this cascade normally synchronizes initiation. The dam‐ cells contained mainly two, three or four replication origins, and this affected nucleoid partitioning as well as cell division. In cultures growing with a 50 min doubling time, a variety of cell cycles were present and half the origins were used every 25 min. Some cells had a 25 min interdivision time, whereas others had an interdivision time longer than the generation time. Partitioning of nucleoids containing unequal numbers of replication origins could also be readily observed by fluorescence microscopy in the dam mutant. Based upon these observations we propose that the dam mutant is also an initiation cascade mutant.
Localization and function of ATP and GABAA receptors expressed by nociceptors and other postnatal sensory neurons in rat

The role of endogenous GABA and ATP in regulating transmitter release from primary afferent terminals in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord is still controversial. ATP is co‐released with GABA from some inhibitory dorsal horn neurons raising the possibility that ATP could act in concert with GABA to regulate transmitter release from primary afferent terminals if receptors to both transmitters are expressed there. Using electrophysiology together with immunocytochemistry, we have investigated the expression of ATP‐gated P2X and GABAA receptors by identified subpopulations of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons known to project primarily to the superficial dorsal horn. Expression of the heat‐sensitive vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) and sensitivity to capsaicin were used to characterize DRG neurons sensitive to noxious heat. Both P2X and GABAA receptors were expressed on the majority of DRG neurons examined. Recording compound action potentials (CAPs) from dorsal roots in the presence of muscimol, α,β‐methylene‐ATP (α,β‐meATP) or capsaicin resulted in depression of CAP in the slow and medium conducting fibres, indicating cognate receptor expression on the small diameter axons. Dorsal root‐evoked dorsal root potentials (DR‐DRPs), reflecting depolarization of primary afferent terminals by endogenously released substances, were depressed by the GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531 and α,β‐meATP. These results suggest that GABAA and P2X receptors are expressed on DRG cell bodies and slow fibre axons, many of which are heat‐nociceptive. These fibres project to the superficial lamina of the dorsal horn where the receptors may function to modulate transmitter release near their central terminals.
Sensitive determination of atenolol in tablets using chloramine-T and two dyes

Three methods, one titrimetric and two spectrophotometric, using chloramine-T (CAT) and two dyes, metanil yellow and indigocarmine have been developed for the determination of atenolol (ATN) in bulk drug and in tablets. The titrimetric method (Method A) involves the oxidation of the drug by a measured excess of CAT in acid medium followed by the determination of the residual oxidant by iodometric back titration. In spectrophotometric methods, ATN is oxidised by a known excess of CAT in acid medium followed by the determination of unreacted oxidant by reacting with a fixed amount of either metanil yellow (Method B) or indigo carmine (Method C) and measuring the increase in absorbance at 530 or 610 nm. Titrimetry is applicable in 3-20 mg range whereas in spectrophotometry, Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges, 1-12 μg mL - 1 (Method B) and 2.5 - 20.0 μg mL - 1 (Method C). Molar absorptivity values as calculated from Beer's law data are found to be 1.19×10 4 L mol - 1 cm - 1 (Method B) and 6.65×10 3 L mol cm - 1 (Method C) and the corresponding Sandell sensitivity values are 0.022 and 0.040 μg cm - 2 . The choice of experimental conditions, which provide the maximum accuracy, precision and sensitivity, is discussed. The common excipients and additives found in tablet preparations did not interfere. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of the drug in tablets. Recoveries ranged from 96.43 to 103.74 %. The utility and accuracy of the methods were further established by parallel determination by the official Indian Pharmacopoeial method and by recovery studies.
The rationale, efficacy and safety evidence for tegaserod in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

A growing body of evidence implicates abnormal serotonergic regulation of gastrointestinal function in the pathogenesis of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Drugs targeting this system are therefore attractive concepts. The partial 5-HT4 receptor agonist tegaserod might be predicted to have positive therapeutic effects on a constipated and uncomfortable gut. However, IBS runs a chronic, benign course and carries no associated mortality, so it is imperative that the safety profile of new pharmacological agents made available to physicians is exemplary. The authors review the evidence for 5-HT in the aetiology of IBS and its symptoms, and the data available concerning the partial 5-HT4 receptor agonist tegaserod, in terms of rationale, efficacy and safety.
Performance assessment of PMU-based estimation Methods of Thevenin Equivalents for real-time voltage stability monitoring

This paper investigates the performance of different methods for calculating the Thevenin equivalent parameters based using only data obtained from real-time synchrophasor measurements. Estimating the parameters from data affected by noisy measurements, transients, and continuously varying power system parameters may yield Thevenin equivalents that do not reflect the actual voltage stability of the system. The paper proposes using a total least squares method to take into account errors in the model from time-varying Thevenin parameters and noise. The paper reviews two different methods for Thevenin equivalent estimation proposed in the literature. The suitability of the three methods described in the paper is tested in case studies, where the performance of the methods are tested with both noise-free and noisy data. The papers also investigates effect of changes in the power consumptions at other buses on the Thevenin parameters seen from the monitored load bus.
Effect of altitude on spirometric parameters and the performance of peak flow meters.

BACKGROUND: Portable peak flow meters are used in clinical practice for measurement of peak expiratory flow (PEF) at many different altitudes throughout the world. Some PEF meters are affected by gas density. This study was undertaken to establish which type of meter is best for use above sea level and to determine changes in spirometric measurements at altitude. METHODS: The variable orifice mini-Wright peak flow meter was compared with the fixed orifice Micro Medical Microplus turbine microspirometer at sea level and at Everest Base Camp (5300 m). Fifty one members of the 1994 British Mount Everest Medical Expedition were studied (age range, 19-55). RESULTS: Mean forced vital capacity (FVC) fell by 5% and PEF rose by 25.5%. However, PEF recorded with the mini-Wright peak flow meter underestimated PEF by 31%, giving readings 6.6% below sea level values. FVC was lowest in the mornings and did not improve significantly with acclimatisation. Lower PEF values were observed on morning readings and were associated with higher acute mountain sickness scores, although the latter may reflect decreased effort in those with acute mountain sickness. There was no change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at altitude when measured with the turbine microspirometer. CONCLUSIONS: The cause of the fall in FVC at 5300 m is unknown but may be attributed to changes in lung blood volume, interstitial lung oedema, or early airways closure. Variable orifice peak flow meters grossly underestimate PEF at altitude and fixed orifice devices are therefore preferable where accurate PEF measurements are required above sea level.
Response variability and information transfer in directional neurons of the mammalian horizontal optokinetic system

This study is concerned with how information about the direction of visual motion is encoded by motion-sensitive neurons. Motion-sensitive neurons are usually studied using stimuli unchanging in speed and direction over several seconds. Recently, it has been suggested that neuronal responses to more naturalistic stimuli cannot be understood on the basis of experiments with constant-motion stimuli (de Ruyter van Steveninck et al., 1997). We measured the variability and information content of spike trains recorded from directional neurons in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) of the wallaby, Macropus eugenii, in response to constant and time-varying motion. While the NOT forms part of the mammalian optokinetic system, we have shown previously that the responses of its directional neurons resemble those of insect H1 in many respects (Ibbotson et al., 1994). We find that directional neurons in the wallaby NOT respond with lower variability and higher rates of information transmission to time-varying stimuli than to constant motion. The difference in response variability is predicted by an inhomogeneous Poisson model of neuronal spiking incorporating an absolute refractory period of 2 ms during which no subsequent spike can be fired. Refractoriness imposes structure on the spike train, reducing variability (de Ruyter van Steveninck & Bialek, 1988; Berry & Meister, 1998). A given refractory period has a greater impact when firing rates are high, as for the responses of NOT neurons to time-varying stimuli. It is in just these cases that variability in experimentally observed spike trains is lowest. Thus, differences in response variability do not necessarily imply that different models are required to predict neuronal responses to constant- and time-varying motion stimuli.
The anxiety of Taiwanese women with or without continuity treatment after previous in vitro fertilisation failure.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To compare the anxiety levels of Taiwanese women who continued with in vitro fertilisation treatment and those who discontinued treatment post-in vitro fertilisation failure. BACKGROUND In vitro fertilisation is perceived as the last resort of infertility treatment. The impact of unsuccessful in vitro fertilisation treatment on psychological function has been documented; however, research comparing the levels of anxiety of women who cease and those who continue in vitro fertilisation post-failure is scant. DESIGN A cross-sectional comparative study design was used. METHOD Fifty-eight women in whom in vitro fertilisation had failed within the previous year were recruited to this study from a medical centre in northern Taiwan; 34 women continued treatment and 24 discontinued treatment. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess their levels of anxiety. RESULTS Women in the group who continued treatment exhibited higher state and trait anxiety (TA) than women in the group who discontinued treatment (p < 0·005). The number and frequency of in vitro fertilisation cycles were significantly higher in the group who continued treatment than in those who did not. A strong positive correlation between state and TA (r = 0·8, p < 0·01) existed in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both groups exhibited considerable levels of anxiety; however, the women who continued in vitro fertilisation treatment had higher levels of anxiety than those who discontinued treatment. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The level of anxiety of women who decide to continue in vitro fertilisation treatment should be assessed as early as possible and counselling services provided to women who experience in vitro fertilisation failure should concentrate more on relieving psychological distress. One year after discontinuing treatment, some women still experience considerable anxiety; therefore, the care and assistance provided to these women need to be continually evaluated.
Mexico's epidemic of violence and its public health significance on average length of life

Objectives A disproportionate number of homicides have caused Mexican life expectancy to stagnate during the new millennium. No efforts currently exist to quantify the harm of violent acts on the lives of the general population. We quantified the impact of perceived vulnerability on life expectancy. Methods Three Mexican national surveys on perceptions of public safety, life tables, and crime and vital statistics (2000–2014) were used. Prevalence rates of vulnerability/safety by age and sex were obtained from surveys at 2 different levels: federal state and home. The Sullivan method was used to estimate life expectancy lived with and without vulnerability for Mexican women and men. Results Overall life expectancy at age 20 stagnated between 2005 and 2014 for females and males; yet, there was an increase of 40% and 70% in average number of years lived with vulnerability at the state and home levels, respectively. In 2014, female life expectancy at age 20 was 59.5 years (95% CI 59.0 to 60.1); 71% of these years (42.3 years, 41.6 to 43.0) were spent with perceived vulnerability of violence taking place in the state and 26% at the home (15.3 years, 15 to 15.8). For males, life expectancy at age 20 was 54.5 years (53.7 to 55.1); 64% of these years (34.6 years, 34.0 to 35.4) were lived with perceived vulnerability of violence at the state and 20% at the home (11.1 years, 10.8 to 11.5). Conclusions The number of years lived with perceived vulnerability among Mexicans has increased by 30.5 million person-years over the last 10 years. If perceived vulnerability remains at its 2014 level, the average Mexican adults would be expected to live a large fraction of his/her life with perceived vulnerability of violence. Acts of violence continue to rise in the country and they should be addressed as a major public health issue before they become endemic.
Comparison of the Fat‐to‐Lesion Strain Ratio and the Gland‐to‐Lesion Strain Ratio With Controlled Precompression in Characterizing Indeterminate and Suspicious Breast Lesions on Ultrasound Imaging

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of the fat‐to‐lesion strain ratio (FLR) and gland‐to‐lesion strain ratio (GLR) for patients with indeterminate or suspicious breast lesions on ultrasound (US) imaging under a controlled precompression technique and to see whether the technique improves the reproducibility of FLR and GLR measurement.
A rti go Antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera ( Gaertn ) flowers in isolated perfused rat kidney

Standardization of induction of oxidative stress with Fenton mixture in isolated perfused rat kidney and evaluation of antioxidant effect of Nelumbo nucifera flowers in isolated oxidatively stressed rat kidney are carried out in present study. Six groups of isolated perfused rat kidney were used for the present study. Group I kidneys were received vehicle. Group II kidneys were oxidatively stressed with Fenton mixture. Group III and IV animals were treated with two graded doses of extract after the administration of Fenton mixture. Group V and VI kidneys were perfused with two graded doses of extract without Fenton mixture. Fenton mixture was found to cause oxidative stress with significant difference of malondialdehyde (TBARS), Reduced glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) (p<0.05) in diseased rats. On treating animals with extract, the oxidative stress was decreased with increase in antioxidants and the marker enzymes were found to maintain the normal level. This effect of extract was found to be dose dependent. In conclusion, Fenton mixture developed the oxidative stress in isolated perfused rat kidney and Nelumbo nucifera flowers extract exhibits antioxidant activity in that oxidatively stressed isolated perfused kidney.
Genetically-influenced antisocial conduct and the criminal justice system.

[I]f, in the course of further development in genetic science and technology, the law-either judicial decision making or the legislative process-is invoked, it will very likely reflect contemporary mores. What concerns some people, myself included, is the good possibility that because the rate of discovery of new scientific knowledge exceeds the rate of adaptability of this knowledge on the part of our social and legal institutions, we are today running the risk that, as with nuclear fission, we shall have the knowledge of the means of radically changing the traditional nature of man or his institutions without a concomitant development of our social sciences and of our competence to control the use of this new knowledge for humane purposes
Herschel : the first science highlights Special feature L etter to the E ditor The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey II . Truncated dust disks in H I-deficient spirals

By combining Herschel-SPIRE observations obtained as part of the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey with 21 cm Hi data from the literature, we investigate the role of the cluster environment on the dust content of Virgo spiral galaxies. We show for the first time that the extent of the dust disk is significantly reduced in Hi-deficient galaxies, following remarkably well the observed “truncation” of the Hi disk. The ratio of the submillimetre-to-optical diameter correlates with the Hi-deficiency, suggesting that the cluster environment is able to strip dust as well as gas. These results provide important insights not only into the evolution of cluster galaxies but also into the metal enrichment of the intra-cluster medium.
Relationship between hormone receptor status and tumour size, grade and comedo necrosis in ductal carcinoma in situ

Results of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project B‐24 trial indicate that adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is of benefit only in oestrogen receptor (ER)‐ positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In the UK, ER status is not routinely determined in DCIS. The aim of this study was to assess the ER status in women with DCIS to determine whether any clinicopathological factors could predict positivity instead of immunohistochemical assessment.
Incidence and risk factors in neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Between October 1981 and September 1989, 564 patients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of the Hospital of Oita Medical University received antipsychotic treatment. Ten (1.8%) of these patients developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome. This incidence is significantly greater than that reported in a group of other studies (27/17,811, 0.2%). We compared the characteristics of this sample with known risk factors for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. It is possible that Japanese people are at an increased risk for developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Psychomotor excitement, refusal of food, a weight loss of greater than 1 kg per week and oral administration of haloperidol at 15 mg/day or above were found to be risk factors for developing the neuroleptic malignant syndrome.