Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous or surgical revascularization for left main stem disease: NOBLE ideas, but do they EXCEL?

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has traditionally been the standard treatment for significant left main stem (LMS) disease, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stents (DES) is now considered an acceptable alternative. Areas covered: This article aims to summarise the key findings of the landmark clinical trials on LMS revascularization and the recently published ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization related to LMS disease. Expert opinion: It is unlikely that there will be a further large randomized trial aimed at addressing the issue of the optimum method of revascularization for LMS disease. Both PCI and CABG are reasonable revascularization options for appropriately selected patients with LMS disease. ‘Heart Team’ approach is vital to guide the management of patients with LMS disease, when there is obvious clinical equipoise and a mandate for complete revascularization. With an aging and increasing co-morbid patient population, clinical equipoise may not always be obvious, making extrapolation of clinical trial results to the ‘real world’ difficult.
Yesterday, Tomorrow: Voices from the Somali Diaspora

The story of the international refugees created by the political tyranny of post-colonial Somalia. The author, an established Somali novelist who went into exile as a form of protest, has interviewed Somalis in Africa and Europe to provide this portrait of how people react, are wounded, how they survive, change and even thrive when they flee their homes and are turned into refugees. It shows how the refugees see themselves and how the host countries treat refugees. It reveals how refugees have adapted, or failed to adapt, to different countries and how their lives became disrupted and recreated as a result of politics and economics. Although it focuses on a particular people, the work should help readers to understand the experiences of people forced by mass migrations to live fragmented lives in the post-modern era of rapid change.
Influence of time lapse after cancer diagnosis on the association between unmet needs and quality of life in family caregivers of Korean cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE This study explored the association between healthcare needs and quality of life (QoL) of Korean cancer family caregivers according to the time lapse after cancer diagnosis. METHODS Self-administered comprehensive needs assessment tool and EuroQol-5-dimension index for 686 cancer family caregivers were classified into four groups according to time lapse after cancer diagnosis (≤12, 13-36, 37-60,>60 months). We estimated the association between unmet needs and QoL by multiple linear regression analyses after adjusting for age, sex, cancer site and caregivers' comorbid conditions. RESULTS Female or elder caregivers had lower QoL and higher unmet needs. The highest unmet needs existed in healthcare staff domain followed by information/education domain persistently along all periods. QoL of caregivers was significantly associated with family/social support and health/psychological problem during the time lapse of ≤12 months as well as >60 months. Practical support was consistently associated with QoL across all time lapses. Religious/spiritual support and hospital facilities and services showed significant association with QoL only in ≤12 months and >60 months respectively. CONCLUSIONS The QoL of Korean cancer family caregivers was differentially associated with their unmet needs according to the time lapse after cancer diagnosis and by specific domains of needs.
Soft Tissue Digestion of Paradiplozoon vaalense for SEM of Sclerites and Simultaneous Molecular Analysis

Abstract: Classification of most monogeneans is primarily based on size, shape, and arrangement of haptoral sclerites. These structures are often obscured or misinterpreted when studied using light microscopy, leading to confusion regarding defining characters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has predominantly been used to study haptoral sclerites in smaller monogeneans, focusing on hooks and anchors. In the Diplozoidae, SEM has not been used to study haptoral sclerites. Using new and modified techniques, the sclerites of diplozoids collected in South Africa were successfully studied using SEM. The digestion buffer from a DNA extraction kit was used to digest the surrounding tissue, and Poly-L-lysine–coated and concavity slides were employed to limit the movement and loss of sclerites, with the latter being more user-friendly. In addition to the success of visualizing the sclerites using SEM, the digested tissue from as little as half of the haptor provided viable genetic material for molecular characterization. From the results presented here, the study of the sclerites of larger monogeneans using SEM, including those bearing clamps, is a viable possibility for future research. Also, this method may be beneficial for the study of other, non-haptoral sclerites, such as cirri in other families of monogeneans. During this study, Labeo capensis was noted as a valid host of Paradiplozoon vaalense in a region of the Vaal River where the type host, Labeo umbratus, appears to be absent.
Long-Term Psychosocial Outcomes Reported by Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to compare the self-reported psychosocial functioning of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to that of healthy children in the areas of behavioral/emotional functioning, social competence, self-esteem, stress coping strategies, and social support.METHODS:Participants were 50 children with IBD diagnosed at least 1 yr before enrollment, and 42 healthy comparison children aged 11–17 yr. They completed a series of well-validated questionnaires assessing psychosocial functioning. The treating gastroenterologists of participating children with IBD completed the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index during a clinic visit within a week of completion of the questionnaires.RESULTS:Mean scores fell in the normal range on all normed measures, and there were no significant differences between group means on any of the measures. A subset of 20% of children with IBD reported clinically significant behavioral/emotional symptoms, even a year after diagnosis, which was similar to results found in the healthy comparison group. Most children with IBD were in remission or had mild disease activity at the time of the study. Neither past nor current disease factors differentiated those with significant emotional problems.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that most children with currently mild IBD who have been diagnosed for at least a year report normal psychosocial functioning that is similar to that of healthy children. A subset of these children report significant behavioral/emotional difficulty, and future research should seek to identify which children are most at risk for these problems and how best to intervene.
Pentoxifylline‐induced thrombocytopenia

514-5194 Lotem M, Ingber R, Segal R, Sandbank M. Generalized pustular drug rash induced by hydroxychloroquine. Acta Derm Venereol 1990; 70: 250-Z51. 5 Stevanovic DV. Pustular eruption with eosinophilic abcesses. Br J Dermatol 1971; 85: 134-139. Fdstein MD, Lika ID, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, et al. Quantitation of Fansimef components (mefloquine -¥• sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine) in human plasma by two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Ther Drug Monit 1991; 13: 146-151. -"
A model of spirituality for psychotherapy and other fields of mind-body medicine.

The spiritual revolution that has permeated our culture challenges psychotherapists and other health practitioners to address the spiritual concerns of their clients and themselves. This challenge is particularly critical in view of the confused, meaningless, and faulty so-called "spiritual" ideas that affect some clients in ways that are toxic to their psychological (and possibly physical) health. However, given the nonspiritual tradition of professional psychology and medicine as a whole, practitioners as a group have no clear and cogent concept or standards with which to acknowledge and address these concerns. The aim of this article is to formulate a concept of spirituality that allows practitioners to include spirituality in their work in a clear, sound, and meaningful way.
A Large-Scale, Long-Term Analysis of Mobile Device Usage Characteristics

Today, mobile devices like smartphones and tablets have become an indispensable part of people's lives, posing many new questions e.g., in terms of interaction methods, but also security. In this paper, we conduct a large scale, long term analysis of mobile device usage characteristics like session length, interaction frequency, and daily usage in locked and unlocked state with respect to location context and diurnal pattern. Based on detailed logs from 29,279 mobile phones and tablets representing a total of 5,811 years of usage time, we identify and analyze 52.2 million usage sessions with some participants providing data for more than four years. Our results show that context has a highly significant effect on both frequency and extent of mobile device usage, with mobile phones being used twice as much at home compared to in the office. Interestingly, devices are unlocked for only 46 % of the interactions. We found that with an average of 60 interactions per day, smartphones are used almost thrice as often as tablet devices (23), while usage sessions on tablets are three times longer, hence are used almost for an equal amount of time throughout the day. We conclude that usage session characteristics differ considerably between tablets and smartphones. These results inform future approaches to mobile interaction as well as security.
FunctionsIL-10, Which Down-Regulates Dendritic Cell Enhances the Production of Endogenous 2 Cyclooxygenase-2-Issued Prostaglandin E

PGE 2 is a well-known immunomodulator produced in the immune response by APCs, such as dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent APC of the immune system. We investigated the PGE 2 biosynthetic capacity of bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC) and the effects of PG on the APC. We observed that BM-DC produce PGE 2 and other proinﬂammatory mediators, such as leukotriene B 4 and NO, after LPS exposure. Constitutively present in BM-DC, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 did not contribute signiﬁcantly to the total pool of PGE 2 compared with the LPS-induced COX-2-produced PGE 2 . Treatment of BM-DC with exogenous PGE 2 induced the production of large amounts of IL-10 and less IL-12p70. In addition, selective inhibition of COX-2, but not COX-1, was followed by signiﬁcant decrements in PGE 2 and IL-10, a concomitant restoration of IL-12 production, and an enhancement of DC stimulatory potential. In contrast, we found no demonstrable role for leukotriene B 4 or NO. In view of the potential of PGE 2 to stimulate IL-10, we examined the possibility that the suppressive effect of PGE 2 is mediated via IL-10. We found that exogenous IL-10 inhibits IL-12p70 production in the presence of NS-398, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, while the inhibitory effects of PGE 2 were totally reversed by anti-IL-10. We conclude that COX-2-mediated PGE 2 up-regulates IL-10, which down-regulates IL-12 production and the APC function of BM-DC. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 2255–2263.
"Getting the Word Out": Policy Bloggers Use Their Soap Box to Make Change

This study examines policy bloggers, a subset of the political blogosphere. These bloggers focus on one policy area and attempt to "get the word out" concerning the importance of their policy area and policy recommendations. Information was gathered from in-depth interviews with nine policy bloggers and content analysis of their blogs during the summer of 2006. Findings show that policy bloggers engage in six activities on their blog: filtering information, providing expertise, forming networks, gaining attention, framing arguments, and using windows of opportunity. They rarely urge their readers to partake in political activity. Nearly all received attention from major media sources, and some gained a significant daily readership. Despite these victories, their blogs were primarily labors of love, bringing in little money or professional rewards. Copyright 2007 by The Policy Studies Organization.
In Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Tegument Forms in the Cytoplasm of the Cell Body

ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) tegument is the least understood component of the virion, and the mechanism of tegument assembly and incorporation into virions during viral egress has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the addition of tegument proteins (VP13/14, VP16, VP22, and US9) and envelope glycoproteins (gD and gH) to herpes simplex virions in the cell body of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons was examined by immunoelectron microscopy. All tegument proteins were detected diffusely spread in the nucleus within 10 to 12 h and, at these times, nucleocapsids were observed budding from the nucleus. The majority (96%) of these nucleocapsids had no detectable label for tegument and glycoproteins despite the presence of tegument proteins in the nucleus and glycoproteins adjacent to the nuclear membrane. Immunolabeling for tegument proteins and glycoproteins was found abundantly in the cytoplasm of the cell body in multiple discrete vesicular areas: on unenveloped, enveloped, or partially enveloped capsids adjacent to these vesicles and in extracellular virions. These vesicles and intracytoplasmic and extracellular virions also labeled with Golgi markers, giantin, mannosidase II, and TGN38. Treatment with brefeldin A from 2 to 24 h postinfection markedly inhibited incorporation into virions of VP22 and US9 but to a lesser degree with VP16 and VP13/14. These results suggest that, in the cell body of neurons, most tegument proteins are incorporated into unenveloped nucleocapsids prior to envelopment in the Golgi and the trans-Golgi network. These findings give further support to the deenvelopment-reenvelopment hypothesis for viral egress. Finally, the addition of tegument proteins to unenveloped nucleocapsids in the cell body allows access to these unenveloped nucleocapsids to one of two pathways: egress through the cell body or transport into the axon.
No Major Differences in Recovery After Hip Fracture Between Home-Dwelling Female and Male Patients

Background: Studies comparing recovery of men and women after hip fracture have reported conflicting results, some reporting worse recovery in male patients, while others found no differences between genders. Methods: Recovery was compared in 105 male and 433 female patients with hip fractures and in age-matched groups of patients 50 years or older, who were home-dwelling and received similar rehabilitation. Residential status, walking ability, hip pain and activities of daily living function were recorded at admission and 4 and 12 months postoperatively, along with mortality and re-operations. Results: No differences were observed between men and women 4 and 12 months postoperatively regarding residential status (p = 0.181 vs p = 0.883), mortality rates (p = 0.232 vs p = 0.880) or total activities of daily living scores (p = 0.546 vs p = 0.435). Walking ability was better among male patients prefracture (p < 0.001) and 4 and 12 months after fracture (p < 0.001, p = 0.031, respectively). In age-matched pair analysis, no differences were found regarding mortality, residential status, walking ability, or ADL score. Cox regression analysis identified mortality risk factors as being age, prefracture ADL score, American Society of Anesthesiologists score 4–5 and place of rehabilitation. Sex was not mortality risk factor. Interpretation: Home-dwelling male and female patients had similar courses of recovery from hip fracture, although there were singular differences in specific activities of daily living functions and postoperative pain. There were no differences in mortality, even when prefracture characteristics were considered. Mortality was higher among older patients and who had high American Society of Anesthesiologists scores and low prefracture activities of daily living scores.
Relationship between disease activity and serum levels of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Measuring vitamin D and its regulating hormones in the serum might be an accurate method for assessment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity. We tested the hypothesis that the serum levels of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with the grade of disease activity in an unselected cohort of patients with RA. METHODS A total of 158 patients who met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA were examined and categorized as the patients with the active RA (n = 87) and silent RA (n = 71). Blood samples were obtained after at least eight-hour overnight fasting and the levels of 25-OH-vitamin D and PTH were measured. RESULTS The levels of the vitamin D in patients with active RA were significantly lower than in those with silent RA (49.38±38.21 versus 64.64±43.61 nmol/l; p = 0.022). The PTH serum level lower than the normal range (< 0.8 nmol/l) was statistically observed similar in the active RA group compared with another ones (10.3 % versus 4.2 %, p = 0.149). Serum levels of vitamin D and PTH were not influenced by patients' gender and age as well as the duration of disease. CONCLUSION Serum level of vitamin D was inversely related to RA activity and this relationship might be independent of PTH secretion or activity.
Relational Leadership through the Lens of International LMX Research

Over the past decade, a substantial body of research on leader–member exchange (LMX) has emerged from the international context. International LMX is a developing research area with some intriguing findings; however, this emerging literature is still in its infancy and much work remains to be done for a strong theoretical foundation with sound practical implications. This article provides a comprehensive assessment of international LMX research. It then highlights theoretical and methodological gaps and suggests promising directions for future international LMX research.
Determinants of the Regional Demand for Higher Education in The Netherlands: A Gravity Model Approach

Sá C. , Florax R. J. G. M. and Rietveld P. (2004) Determinants of the regional demand for higher education in The Netherlands: a gravity model approach, Reg. Studies 38, 375–392. Studies on the determinants of the demand for higher education typically emphasize the relevance of socio-economic factors, but leave the spatial dimensions of the prospective students’ university choices largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the determinants of university entrance for Dutch high school graduates in 2000, and pay particular attention to the attractiveness of the university, both in terms of its accessibility and the educational quality of its programme. We combine cross-section data on the region of origin of the high school graduate and the university destination region for first-year students with regional and university characteristics in a production- constrained gravity model. The main finding of the study is that the behaviour of prospective students is governed by a distance deterrence effect and a downward rent effect, but a positive impact results from regional/urban amenities rather than from the educational quality of the university programmes.
The International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) position statement on the use of 24‐hour, spot, and short duration (<24 hours) timed urine collections to assess dietary sodium intake

The International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) is a coalition of intentional and national health and scientific organizations formed because of concerns low‐quality research methods were creating controversy regarding dietary salt reduction. One of the main sources of controversy is believed related to errors in estimating sodium intake with urine studies. The recommendations and positions in this manuscript were generated following a series of systematic reviews and analyses by experts in hypertension, nutrition, statistics, and dietary sodium. To assess the population's current 24‐hour dietary sodium ingestion, single complete 24‐hour urine samples, collected over a series of days from a representative population sample, were recommended. To accurately estimate usual dietary sodium at the individual level, at least 3 non‐consecutive complete 24‐hour urine collections obtained over a series of days that reflect the usual short‐term variations in dietary pattern were recommended. Multiple 24‐hour urine collections over several years were recommended to estimate an individual's usual long‐term sodium intake. The role of single spot or short duration timed urine collections in assessing population average sodium intake requires more research. Single or multiple spot or short duration timed urine collections are not recommended for assessing an individual's sodium intake especially in relationship to health outcomes. The recommendations should be applied by scientific review committees, granting agencies, editors and journal reviewers, investigators, policymakers, and those developing and creating dietary sodium recommendations. Low‐quality research on dietary sodium/salt should not be funded, conducted, or published.
A note on some determinants of property rights in U.S. marine fisheries

A simple probit model of property rights adoption is estimated for U.S. fisheries managed under the Magnuson Act. The results of the model are consistent with the literature on property rights and transaction costs: Namely, the adoption of private property rights to marine fisheries is shown to hinge on the value of variables which determine, on the one hand, the costs of monitoring and enforcing rights, and on the other hand, the benefits of more clearly defining such rights.
Immigrant Wage Adjustment in Australia: Cross Section and Time-Series Estimates

Cross-sectional estimates of the comparative wage performance of natives and immigrants can be distorted if there are changes in labor-market quality between immigrant cohorts. This question is investigated with a study of 1973 and 1981 cross sections of Australian migrants. The authors find that migrants from non-English-speaking countries entering Australia about 1965 perform significantly better between 1973 and 1981 than predicted from the 1973 cross section. Migrants from English-speaking countries time-series wage performance is consistent with the 1973 cross-section prediction. The paper interprets the analytic importance of these results. Copyright 1988 by The Economic Society of Australia.