Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How does the dietary cottonseed hull affect the carcass characteristics and meat quality of young bulls finished in a high-concentrate diet?

This study evaluated the effects of diets composed by cottonseed hull and meat aging on carcass characteristics and meat quality from young bulls fed on a high-concentrate system. Thirty crossbred bulls were assigned in a complete randomized experimental factorial design with three diets (CH21: cottonseed hull 210 g kg-1on a DM basis, CH27: cottonseed hull 270 g kg-1on a DM basis and CH33: cottonseed hull 330 g kg-1on a DM basis) and different aging times (24 hours and 3, 7 and 14 days). Meat from CH27 diets presented smaller LM moisture content (p < 0.05). Total lipids were smaller in CH33 diet (p <0.05). At 24 hours, CH21 diet presented smaller LM cooking loss than other diets. The increasing aging time reduced the shear force (p < 0.001) on the LM. Meat from CH27 diet presented the highest luminosity (p < 0.05) and yellowness values (p < 0.001). Three or seven aging days presented smaller values of LM luminosity. Likewise, the increasing aging time presented greater (p < 0.05) yellowness within the LM. Lipid oxidation was lower from CH21 diet (p < 0.001). The fatty acid composition on LM was similar among diets. The use of cottonseed hull could be useful strategies to improve the meat quality and lean beef production.
Determinants of Local Currency Bonds and Foreign Holdings: Implications for Bond Market Development in the People’s Republic of China

This case study explores which variables—macroeconomic, institutional, and capital controls—are most important in explaining cross-country differences in bond market development. It uses the ratio of amount of local currency bonds outstanding over GDP as a measure of bond market development from 43 countries during 1990–2009. The study examines government and corporate bond markets separately, as the characteristics of these markets are substantially different and requires separate examination. Main findings are derived from the comparative analysis. Several policy implications drawn from the findings are pertinent to the People‘s Republic of China (PRC) bond market. The most important implication is that the way to develop fixed income markets is to start with the government bond market. Another important implication from the empirical findings is that mature and well-developed banking sector is critically important to the further development of bond market, particularly to the corporate bond market. While the PRC bond market has developed significantly over recent years, there is much room for improvement. This report provides policy suggestions, albeit not necessarily from empirical findings, to further develop PRC bond markets.
Microfinance and the Challenge of Financial Inclusion for Sme’s Development in Nigeria

This paper examined microfinance and the challenge of financial inclusion for SMEs development in Nigeria. The study adopted two separate econometrics models for capturing and testing for significance in the stated objectives between 2005 and 2015. The first model determined whether financial inclusion improve the financial well-being of low-income savers in the study period. The second investigated the impact that micro finance has on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises. Each of the models was subjected to the Ordinary Least Square regression to determine the appropriateness of models estimated. Findings from the empirical results in model one (1) and two (2) indicated relationship between financial inclusion in Nigeria, microfinance, and small business enterprises over 10 years period of study. The study found out that there is a significant relationship between financial inclusion and financial well – being of the low income earners. Empirical finding that examines the relationship between microfinance and small business in Nigeria indicates that there is a negative significant relationship between loan to small enterprises and loan to rural areas in Nigeria in the period under study. The study suggests therefore that financial inclusion will have a positive significant impact on the development of small business if the plan to include everyone works in Nigeria.
A 3 D MACRO ELEMENT FOR SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION

This paper presents a 3D non linear interface element able to compute Soil Structure Interaction (SSI). Several approaches exist to take this phenomenon into account: the following work is based on the “macro element” concept and is inspired on the work of (Crémer, 2001). The particularity of the macro element lies in the fact that the movement of the foundation is entirely described by a system of generalised variables (forces and displacements) defined in the foundation centre. The non linear behaviour of the soil is reproduced using the classical theory of plasticity. The failure surface is defined using an adequate overturning mechanism according to the work of (Pecker, 1997). The element is able to simulate the 3D behaviour of a circular rigid shallow foundation under cyclic and dynamic loading considering rocking. It is implemented into FedeasLab, a finite element Matlab toolbox. Comparisons with experimental results under monotonic static (Gottardi et al., 1999), cyclic (TRISEE, 1998), and dynamic conditions (Combescure et al., 2000, CAFEEL-ECOEST/ICONS, 2001) show the good performance of the approach.
Seasonal dynamics and net production of dissolved organic carbon in an oligotrophic coastal environment

To understand dissolved organic carbon (DOC) seasonal dynamics in a coastal oligo - trophic site in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, we monitored DOC concentrations monthly over 3 yr, together with the meteorological data and the food-web-related biological processes involved in DOC dynamics. Additional DOC samples were taken in several inshoreoffshore tran- sects along the Catalan coast. We found DOC concentrations of ~60 µmol C l �1 in winter, with increasing values through the summer and autumn and reaching 100 to 120 µmol C l �1 in Novem- ber. There was high inter-annual variability in this summer DOC accumulation, with values of 36, 69 and 13 µmol C l �1 for 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The analysis of the microbial food-web processes involved in the DOC balance did not reveal the causes of this accumulation, since the only occasion on which we observed net DOC production (0.3 ± 1 µmol C l �1 d �1 on average) was in 2007, and the negative DOC balance of 2006 and 2008 did not prevent DOC accumulating. The DOC accumulation episodes coincided with low rates of water renewal (average 0.037 ± 0.021 d �1 from May to October) compared with those of winter to early spring (average 0.11 ± 0.048 d �1 from November to April). Indeed, the amount of DOC accumulated each year was inversely correlated with the average summer rainfall. We hypothesize that decreased DOC turn-over due to photo- chemical or biological processes—mostly active during the summer—and low water renewal rate combine to determine seasonal DOC accumulation and influence its inter-annual variability.
Effects of host quality parameters on fitness of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).

The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a destructive forest pest endemic to western North America. It breeds in the phloem of Pinus species, and during epidemic population levels, healthy trees are killed. The objective of this study was to determine how the quality of brood trees affects the fitness of mountain pine beetle offspring. The lipid content of offspring was measured relative to brood tree quality. Maternal effects were tested by rearing beetles of different sizes in hosts of constant quality and measuring brood characteristics. The population characteristics of beetles responding to aggregation pheromones were compared to that of beetles emerging from infested trees. The largest offspring were found to emerge first, but did not have the highest lipid contents. Large and small beetles were found to have similar absolute fat contents. Females were not affected by their mother's condition, but males were marginally affected.
Outcome Trajectories in Drug Court

Graduation rates in drug courts average 50% to 70%, but it is unclear what proportion of graduates responded to the drug court services and what proportion might not have had serious drug problems on entry. This study cluster analyzes urine drug screen results during the first 14 weeks of treatment on 284 participants from three misdemeanor drug courts. A four-cluster solution (R 2 > .75) produced distinct subgroups characterized by (a) consistently drug-negative urine specimens (34% of the sample), (b) consistently drug-positive specimens (21%), (c) consistently missed urine specimens (26%), and (d) urine specimens that began as drug positive but became progressively drug negative over time (19%). These data suggest that approximately one third of the participants might not have had serious drug problems on entry. Approximately one fifth appeared to respond to drug court services, and nearly one half continued to exhibit problems after 14 weeks. Implications for adaptive programming in drug courts are discussed.
Detection of a high prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in cattle in Northern and Midwestern Brazil

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle from the Northern and Midwestern regions of Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 1789 animals and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of T. gondii was 83.40% (1492/1789). The prevalence rates of T. gondii-seropositive animals observed in the states of Para, Tocantins and, Mato Grosso were 87.45%, 87.79% and 73.06%, respectively. The detection of high prevalence rates of T. gondii in cattle deserves special attention because they are the main source of high biological value protein for humans. This finding indicates the need for further studies on the risk that these animals may pose to public health.
Accounting for littoral primary production by periphyton shifts a highly humic boreal lake towards net autotrophy

The prevailing view that many humic lakes are net heterotrophic is commonly based on pelagic measurements alone. Poor light conditions in humic lakes are assumed to constrain littoral primary production (PP), such that the littoral zone has been considered an insignificant contributor to whole-lake PP. However, that assumption is based on models and inferences from pelagic processes which do not take littoral zone structure into account. Many lakes have an extensive ring of aquatic vegetation lying near the water surface, which provides substratum for epiphytic algae under well- illuminated conditions. 2. We measured both pelagic and littoral PP and community respiration (CR) in Mekkoj€ a small, highly humic headwater lake, in southern Finland throughout the open water season in 2012. We used a 14 C incorporation technique to measure pelagic PP, while littoral PP was determined using changes in dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations during in situ incubations. We then estimated whole-lake PP and CR for both the littoral and pelagic zones. 3. We found that littoral PP usually dominated whole-lake PP, contributing >90% to total PP in summer. A mean pelagic production to respiration ratio (GPP : CR) of 0.4 clearly indicated strong net heterotrophy, but a value of 2.2 for the littoral zone indicated strong autotrophy. For both habitats combined, the mean whole lake GPP : CR was 1.6, indicating net autotrophy. 4. We suggest that littoral PP can contribute significantly to whole-lake PP even in highly humic lakes, and that the littoral contribution can shift some lakes which have been considered net heterotrophic to metabolic balance or even net autotrophy during the ice-free period. Small humic lakes like Mekkoj€ with rings of littoral vegetation are widespread, especially in the boreal zone, and at least for similar lakes, evaluating lake metabolism from pelagic measurements alone is likely to be misleading.
Larval polychaetes are strongly associated with marine snow

The assoc~atlon of larval polychaetes with manne snow was investigated ( l ) w ~ t h SCUBA to sample marine snow In the f ~ e l d and (2) in laboratory experiments. The field sampling took place in the Atlantic Ocean off Charleston, South Carolina, USA 13 sample dates) and in the Pacific Ocean at 2 locations around the San Juan Islands, Washington, US:\ (7 sample dates). On all of the sample dates marine snow was present and abundant ( r m g e 1 to 63 agg. I ' ) . Larval polychaetes were signif~cantly concentrated on aggregates on 7 of the 10 sample dates. Larval polychaetes from 12 families \yere present in the plankton samples of which 10 families were found associated with aggregates. On average. 16% (SD = 22%) of all larval polychaetes were on aggregates. Precompetent and competent larval polychaetes made up 84 and 16% respectively of the larval polychaetes in the plankton. O n average 20% of all precompetent polychaete larvae were on aggregates. In contrast, competent polychaete larvae were strongly associated with aggregates with 80":) of the competent larval polychaetes on aggregates. Laboratory experiments using 4 polychaete species and laboratory-made marine snow also found that larval polychaetes were concentrated on aggregates In d vel tical flume, observations were made on the behavior of larval polychaetes following contact with aggregates. Upon contacting manne snow, larval polychaetes crawled into or over the surface of aggregates for several minutes before swimming away. Thesc field and laboratory observations suggest that a precompetent polychaete larva m ~ g h t spend about 5 h d. vlsiting aggregates and that during a day ~t may vis~t about 90 aggregates. C0mpeten.t larval polychaetes may spend > l 9 h d. ' on aggregates. Polychaete larvae visiting or residing on aggregates may be feedlng on the aggregate microbial community. Further, the vertical flux and, perhaps, benthic deposition of larvae residing in aggregates is due to the sinking of the marine snow. Clearly, marine snow is a n important component of the environment for many types of polychaete ldrvae and adaptations to life In aggregates nld): have played a role in the evolution of polychaete larval traits.
Modeling Inflation Dynamics: A Critical Review of Recent Research

In recent years, a broad academic consensus has arisen around the use of rational expectations sticky-price models to capture inflation dynamics. These models are seen as providing an empirically reasonable characterization of observed inflation behavior once suitable measures of the output gap are chosen; and, moreover, are perceived to be robust to the Lucas critique in a way that earlier econometric models of inflation are not. We review the principal conclusions of this literature concerning: 1) the ability of these models to fit the data; 2) the importance of rational forward-looking expectations in price setting; and 3) the appropriate measure of inflationary pressures. We argue that existing rational expectations sticky-price models fail to provide a useful empirical description of the inflation process, especially relative to traditional econometric Phillips curves of the sort commonly employed for policy analysis and forecasting.
Cultural Marker Identification for Web Application Design Targeted for Malaysian Multicultural Users

The rapid growth of technology result in two contradictory phenomenon, the global world becomes smaller while the internet users increase drastically. This diversity of users becomes the main attention toward the study of human computer interaction due to the influential of users’ background toward the usability of web application whereby combination of color strongly determine user’s preference and engagement level. Hence, determination of color based cultural marker is crucial to the interface design process in order to fulfill the need of diverse users. Most of the empirical study so far has been carried in western contextual. As a result, suggested marker are not applicable in eastern perspective, particularly Malaysia which consist of multicultural society. This article provides content analysis of the website application targeted to multicultural audience to determine the prominent color based cultural markers. More importantly, identifications of the markers could assist the interface designers towards creating web based application that reflected the multicultural audience preferences.
Does Trade Openness Influence Economic Growth

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of trade openness on economic growth. We use panel cointegration tests and panel error-correction models (ECM) to explore the causal relationship between trade openness and economic growth for 120 countries over the period 2000-2013. The results of pedroni cointegration test demonstrate that trade openness and economic growth is cointegrated; on the other hand, a long run relationship can be fine among these two variables. We segment the data set into four subpanels according to per capita income classification that distinguishes between low-income, lower-middleincome, upper-middle income and high-income economies. The results suggest that the long-run causality between trade openness and growth runs in four panel groups. The result indicates that bidirectional causalities in the study were observed from real GDP growth to trade openness in all panels except low income groups. Second, unidirectional causation from trade openness to economic growth was obtained in the study for low income economies. The desired growth-led openness and openness-led growth hypothesis can only be supported for Upper middle and high income countries.
Exploring mentorship programs and components in nursing academia: A qualitative study

Objective: Nursing education institutions globally have issued calls for mentorship to address the nursing faculty shortage; however, little is known about the current state of mentorship for faculty members in Canadian schools of nursing. The purpose of this study is to describe the current state of mentorship in Canadian schools of nursing and explore definitions and goals of mentorship programs, mentorship models and components, and mentorship evaluation. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Within the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing there are 81 English-speaking schools of nursing and 2,284 permanent faculty members spread over four regions. Participants were recruited from the 81 schools of nursing through the CASN newsletter list serve and publically accessible email addresses. Inclusion was limited to English speaking faculty. Purposive sampling aimed to capture variation across rank and tenure, school, size and areas within Canada. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to explore the participant’s (n = 48) perspectives and involvement with mentorship. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. NVivo was used to code and analyze the data for significant statements and phrases, which were organized into themes and sub-themes. Results: Mentorship remains largely informal in nursing academia without common definitions or goals. Current mentorship in nursing academia employed dyad, peer, group, constellation, and distance mentorship models. Common mentorship program components included guidelines, training, professional development workshops, purposeful linking of mentors and mentees, and mentorship coordinators. Evaluation of mentorship in nursing academia, where it exists, remains mostly descriptive, anecdotal, and lacks common evaluative metrics. Conclusions: Our results confirm mentorship in Canadian schools of nursing remains largely informal. In developing mentorship programs, academic leaders need to consider the mentorship models and components to meet their specific needs. Further rigorous evaluation of mentorship programs and components is needed to identify if mentorship programs are achieving specified goals.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Properties of Al−15Mg 2 Si−3Cu with Different Contents of Zn

The effects of heat treatment (T6) on the microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of Al- 15Mg2Si-3Cu particulate metal matrix composite (PMMC) with different contents of Zn have been investigated. The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Dry sliding wear experiment was performed in a pin-on-disc wear tester against a DIN 100Cr6 steel disc at a speed of 220 rpm using normal load of 30N. Results show that increasing the Zn content causes a significant improvement in hardness. This is ascribed to the observed increase in matrix strength due to the formation of Al-Zn solid solution in the matrix. Zn was also found to be powerful in increasing wear resistance. The wear results showed that abrasion is the dominant wear mechanism in the composite containing 15 wt. % Zn, whilst a combination of adhesion and delamination appears to be the governing mechanism for as-cast composites.
Motivating Employees to Work Beyond Retirement: A Multi‐Level Study of the Role of I‐Deals and Unit Climate

The present study investigates what role I-deals (i.e. the idiosyncratic deals made between employees and their organization) play in the motivation of employees to continue working after retirement. We hypothesized two types of I-deals (i.e. development and flexibility I-deals) to be positively related to motivation to continue working. More specifically, we drew from continuity and personality theory to argue that the motivation to continue working is enhanced by I-deals, because they fulfil people's needs for personalized work arrangements. Moreover, drawing from activity and disengagement theory it was hypothesized that two types of unit climate (i.e. accommodative and development climates) would moderate these relationships. Specifically, it was predicted that I-deals would be positively related to motivation to continue working under conditions of low accommodative or high development climate. Results of a multi-level study among 1083 employees in 24 units largely supported the above expectations; flexibility I-deals related positively to motivation to continue working, and unit climate moderated the relation between development I-deals and motivation to continue working.
Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women Attending the University Teaching Hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon

Purpose: The study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology and associated toxoplasmosis predisposing risk factors in Cameroon. Methods: The survey took place at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital from May to June 2008. Serum samples were collected from 110 pregnant women attending the ante natal clinic using aseptic techniques after obtaining informed consent. The samples were analysed using toxo-lgG immunocomb and toxo-IgM “capture” ELISA. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on predisposing risk factors for toxoplamosis from each patient. Data was analysed on Epi-Info using confidence intervals and chi-square statistic test. Results: The average age of the women was 27.9+5.8years and the mean gestational age was 4.1+0.2months. The overall IgG seroprevalence was 65.5% {95% CI: 53.7-71.7%} and that of IgG and IgM co-infection was 2.7%. The seroprevalence was 75% in the first trimester, 60.6% in the second trimester and 50% in the third trimester. No statistically significant relationships were established between anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies and abortion history, meat consumption, potable water sources, cat ownership and age. Conclusion: The prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii is high and the first trimester in pregnancy carries the highest risk. All pregnant women should be screened for toxoplasmosis and educated on predisposing risk factors during antenatal visits. Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Pregnancy, IgG, IgM, Prevalence