Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of polycyclic aromatic compounds in air measured by conventional passive air samplers and passive dry deposition samplers and contributions from petcoke and oil sands ore

Abstract. Conventional passive air samplers (PAS) and passive dry deposition samplers (PAS-DD) were deployed along a 90 km south–north transect at five sites in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) during October to November 2015. The purpose was to compare and characterize the performance of the two passive sampling methods for targeted compounds across a range of site types. Samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs). ΣPAC and ΣNPAH concentrations were highest in PAS and PAS-DD samplers at site AMS5, which is the closest sampling site to surface mining and upgrading facilities. The OPAHs were elevated at site AMS6, which is located in the town of Fort McMurray, approximately 30 km south of the main mining area. PAS-DD was enriched relative to PAS in particle-associated target chemicals, which is consistent with the relatively more open design of PAS-DD intended to capture particle-phase (and gas-phase) deposition. Petroleum coke (petcoke) (i.e., the carbonaceous byproduct of bitumen upgrading) and oil sands ore (i.e., the material mined in open-pit mines from which bitumen is extracted) were assessed for their potential to be a source of PACs to air in the oil sands region. The ore samples contained ∼ 8 times and ∼ 40 times higher ΣPACs concentrations (dry weight basis) than delayed and fluid petcoke, respectively. The residue analysis of ore and petcoke samples also revealed that the chemical 4-nitrobiphenyl (4-NBP) can be used to track gas-phase emissions to air. A comparison of chemical residues in ore, petcoke, and air samples revealed that the ore is likely a major contributor to volatile PACs present in air and that both ore and petcoke are contributing to the particle-associated PACs in air near open-pit mining areas. The contribution of petcoke particles in passive air samples was also confirmed qualitatively using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).
‘Globalisation, Cosmopolitanism and Ecological Citizenship’

Globalization is patently changing our understanding of environmental politics. It relates to environmental problems in two ways. First, environmental problems and their effects are global, and hence solutions beyond the remit of nation states are required. Second, globalization may benefit local – global relationship and contribute to the realization of a sustainable society. These points obviously influence green political theory since one of its tasks is to understand the transformation of political community in the context of the global scope of environmental problems. One route is through laying the foundations for an autochthonous idea of citizenship namely, ecological or environmental citizenship. The goal of this article is to explore the connections between cosmopolitan reflections on citizenship on the one hand, and green political theory's attempts to develop its own idea of citizenship, on the other. It is argued that although the idea of ecological citizenship may be regarded as a kind of cos.
The Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks

To understand how planetary systems form in the dusty disks around premain-sequence stars, a detailed knowledge of the structure and evolution of these disks is required. Although this is reasonably well understood for the regions of the disk beyond about 1 AU, the structure of these disks inward of 1 AU remains a puzzle. This is partly because it is very difficult to spatially resolve these regions with current telescopes. But it is also because the physics of this region, where the disk becomes so hot that the dust starts to evaporate, is poorly understood. With infrared interferometry it has become possible in recent years to directly spatially resolve the inner 1 AU of protoplanetary disks, albeit in a somewhat limited way. These observations have partly confirmed current models of these regions, but also posed new questions and puzzles. Moreover, it has turned out that the numerical modeling of these regions is extremely challenging. In this review, we give a rough overview of the history and recent developments in this exciting field of astrophysics.
Afield Screening of Twelve Wheat Genotypes under Late Sowing Conditions

3 Abstract: Wheat genotypes have to adopt for elevated temperature and atmospheric growing conditions which occur in Sudan resulting from climate change. Twelve wheat bread genotypes were studied at different sowing dates; optimum sowing (15 Nov.) and late sowing (15 Dec.), to test the effect of late sowing on the performance of yield and other agronomic components, during the winter season (2010/2011). Experimental plots were prepared based on split-plot experimental design with three replications. The results revealed significant differences genotypes for the effect of sowing date on the traits, except for days to 50 % flowering, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/plant and number of grains/spike. Moreover, genotypes × sowing date interaction (G × S) showed significant differences for days to 50 % flowering, plant height and 1000-grain weight. For the other traits, G × S showed no significant differences. Under the optimum sowing, the yield was in the range 1.55- 2.80 t ha , while the late sowing the range was 1.20- 2.42 t ha . Late sowing reduced yield/ha 11 by up to 16%. Under the optimum sowing and the late sowing, the genotype TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6 gave the highest yield/ha. In conclusion, the genotypes exhibited great variability due to the effect of late sowing. Among the studied genotypes, TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6, ZAIEM-4, MAZRAA-2, KAUZ/KAPSW and ADEL-3 are the most potential heat-tolerant, stable across contrasting environments (optimum versus late sowing) and with adequate yield potential under optimum sowing conditions compared to the check cultivar Imam.
Role of water current on structure and function of periphytic algae in lotic system

The present paper evaluates the effect of current velocity on the structure and functions of a periphytic algal community in Umiew river in Meghalaya. Water current was highly significant among the entire flow regimes. Totally, 83 algal taxa were encountered during the entire study period, in which 40 species belonged to Bacillariophyceae, 27 species to Chlorophyceae, 9 species to Euglenophyceae, 5 species to Cyanophyceae, and one species each to Chrysophyceae and Cryptophyceae respectively. Species diversity, richness, cell abundance and productivity were significantly high in low flow regime and minimum in high flow. Throughout the entire study period, total number of species colonizing the ceramic tiles was maximum at low flow with 61 species, whereas the lowest value was recorded at high flow with 15 species. At the pool and moderate flow regime, the total species richness was 40 and 35 species respectively. Species diversity index (H') was significantly higher at low flow with an average value of 2.57 and smaller at the pool with an average value of 1.16. At high flow, the average value was 1.77 and 1.89 in moderate flow. Similarly, cell abundance and chlorophyll a content was maximum at low flow regime with an average number of 4828 individuals/cm 2 chlorophyll a production of 22.64 mg/cm 2 . Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that pH, EC, PO4, NO3, DO and WC played a major role in colonization
Reducing motion noise in marine magnetotelluric measurements by means of tilt records

The analysis of marine magnetotelluric data is often complicated by disturbing signals that are caused by small-scale periodic movements of the instrument. The motion-induced noise leads to a bias and/or severe scattering in the derived magnetotelluric transfer functions. Both the motion itself and its effects on the magnetic and telluric time-series are investigated in this study using an 80 d magnetotelluric data set that includes dynamic tilt records measured in the Pacific Ocean off Costa Rica. We apply a standard motion removal technique as well as a newly developed method to correct for motion-induced noise. The resulting magnetotelluric transfer functions are of significantly better quality than the uncorrected ones. Furthermore, the study of the properties of motion noise leads to conclusions about the optimal processing approach even in case of data sets where an explicit correction for that noise is not possible.
Barriers to Access to Dental Treatment for People with Physical Disabilities in a Brazilian Metropolis

Objective: To evaluate the barriers for accessing dental care for people with physical disabilities. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 191 caregivers of individuals with physical disabilities attending a rehabilitation center in Sao Paulo, who responded to a questionnaire about information related to barriers (user, caregiver, government and professional) found in dental treatment, visit to the dentist and age of the first dental appointment. Data were collected from medical records regarding age, sex, family income and medical diagnosis of patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc for Windows software version 12.3. 0. The Chi-square test was applied for heterogeneity, with significance level of 5%. Results: The main barriers identified by caregivers (p<0.0001) were patient fear/anxiety (66.8%), patient requiring accompaniment to access treatment (87.4%), treatment costs (82.7%), lack of treatment at primary health care units (73.3%) and professionals not specialized in dental care for people with physical disabilities (67.0%). It was observed that caregivers of individuals with cerebral palsy reported greater physical barriers for accessing dental treatment compared to caregivers of other diagnoses (p=0.0307). Conclusion: Individuals with physical disabilities face financial constraints, fear of dental treatment, lack of treatment options in public services and, perhaps most importantly, lack of qualified professionals interested in treating such individuals.
The Regulation of Entry: A Survey

Simplifying entry regulation has been a popular reform since the publication of Djankov and others (2002). The inclusion of business entry indicators in the World Bank's doing business project has led to acceleration in reform: in 2003-08, 193 reforms took place in 116 countries. A large academic literature has followed: 201 academic articles have used the data compiled by the author and others (2002) and subsequently by the World Bank. The author identifies three theories as to why some countries impose burdensome entry requirements. He also surveys the literature on the effects of making business entry easier.
Climatic variation alters supply‐side ecology: impact of climate patterns on phytoplankton and mussel recruitment

Climate change will modify ecosystems, but a dearth of long-term data sets on critical ecological factors makes prediction of mechanistic pathways and scope for ecological changes difficult. Using 14-18 year time series of phytoplankton abundance and mussel recruitment at up to 10 sites along 320 km of coast in a rocky intertidal ecosystem, we examined the influence of climatic variation at 3-7 year (El Ni˜ no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)), 7-10 year (North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO)), and 20þ year (Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)) timescales. Phytoplankton and mussel recruitment revealed order-of- magnitude increases and seasonal shifts in the 2000s compared to 1989-1999, but seasonal shifts were in opposite directions with phytoplankton blooms occurring earlier and recruitment occurring later in the year. The NPGO had the strongest relationships with both phytoplankton and recruitment, while relationships between these factors and ENSO and PDO were weak. Increases were associated with cooler ocean temperature and intensification in the ocean gyre-scale circulation reflected in a stronger North Pacific Current (NPC). Phytoplankton abundance and mussel recruitment were positively correlated, suggesting that increases in larval food may have driven the changes in mussel recruitment. With our prior demonstration that mussel growth rate is sensitive to phytoplankton concentration, these results suggest an important effect of bottom-up forcing on the dynamics of coastal mussel populations. We conclude that central supply-side ecological processes in coastal ecosystems are sensitive to long-term ocean basin-scale oceanographic and atmospheric fluctuation. Despite these changes, intertidal community dynamics have changed only in relatively subtle ways, suggesting a role for local ecological interactions in dampening the effects of dominant modes of climate forcings in coastal ecosystems.
Company Name Fluency, Investor Recognition, and Firm Value

Research from psychology suggests that people evaluate fluent stimuli more favorably than similar information that is harder to process. Consistent with fluency affecting investment decisions, we find that companies with short, easy to pronounce names have higher breadth of ownership, greater share turnover, lower transaction price impacts, and higher valuation ratios. Corporate name changes increase fluency on average, and fluency-improving name changes are associated with increases in breadth of ownership, liquidity, and firm value. Name fluency also affects other investment decisions, with fluently named closed-end funds trading at smaller discounts and fluent mutual funds attracting greater fund flows.
The Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey - III. Young Pulsars and the Discovery and Timing of 200 Pulsars

The Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey has unlocked vast areas of the Galactic plane, which were previously invisible to earlier low-frequency and less-sensitive surveys. The survey has discovered more than 600 new pulsars so far, including many that are young and exotic. In this paper we report the discovery of 200 pulsars for which we present positional and spin-down parameters, dispersion measures, flux densities and pulse profiles. A large number of these new pulsars are young and energetic, and we review possible associations of γ -ray sources with the sample of about 1300 pulsars for which timing solutions are known. Based on a statistical analysis, we estimate that about 19 ± 6 associations are genuine. The survey has also discovered 12 pulsars with spin properties similar to those of the Vela pulsar, nearly doubling the known population of such neutron stars. Studying the properties of all known ‘Vela-like’ pulsars, we find their radio luminosities to be similar to normal pulsars, implying that they are very inefficient radio sources. Finally, we review the use of the newly discovered pulsars as Galactic probes and discuss the implications of the new NE2001 Galactic electron density model for the determination of pulsar distances and luminosities.
Automated General-to-Specific (GETS) Regression Modeling and Indicator Saturation for Outliers and Structural Breaks

This paper provides an overview of the R package gets, which contains facilities for automated general-to-specific (GETS) modeling of the mean and variance of a regression, and indicator saturation (IS) methods for the detection and modeling of outliers and structural breaks. The mean can be specified as an autoregressive model with covariates (an "AR-X" model), and the variance can be specified as an autoregressive log-variance model with covariates (a "log-ARCH-X" model). The covariates in the two specifications need not be the same, and the classical linear regression model is obtained as a special case when there is no dynamics, and when there are no covariates in the variance equation. The four main functions of the package are arx, getsm, getsv and isat. The first function estimates an AR-X model with log-ARCH-X errors. The second function undertakes GETS modeling of the mean specification of an 'arx' object. The third function undertakes GETS modeling of the log-variance specification of an 'arx' object. The fourth function undertakes GETS modeling of an indicator-saturated mean specification allowing for the detection of outliers and structural breaks. The usage of two convenience functions for export of results to EViews and Stata are illustrated, and LATEX code of the estimation output can readily be generated.
Long-term trends of black carbon and sulphate aerosol in the Arctic: changes in atmospheric transport and source region emissions

Abstract. As a part of the IPY project POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols and Transport) and building on previous work (Hirdman et al., 2010), this paper studies the long-term trends of both atmospheric transport as well as equivalent black carbon (EBC) and sulphate for the three Arctic stations Alert, Barrow and Zeppelin. We find a general downward trend in the measured EBC concentrations at all three stations, with a decrease of −2.1±0.4 ng m−3 yr−1 (for the years 1989–2008) and −1.4±0.8 ng m−3 yr−1 (2002–2009) at Alert and Zeppelin respectively. The decrease at Barrow is, however, not statistically significant. The measured sulphate concentrations show a decreasing trend at Alert and Zeppelin of −15±3 ng m−3 yr−1 (1985–2006) and −1.3±1.2 ng m−3 yr−1 (1990–2008) respectively, while there is no trend detectable at Barrow. To reveal the contribution of different source regions on these trends, we used a cluster analysis of the output of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART run backward in time from the measurement stations. We have investigated to what extent variations in the atmospheric circulation, expressed as variations in the frequencies of the transport from four source regions with different emission rates, can explain the long-term trends in EBC and sulphate measured at these stations. We find that the long-term trend in the atmospheric circulation can only explain a minor fraction of the overall downward trend seen in the measurements of EBC (0.3–7.2%) and sulphate (0.3–5.3%) at the Arctic stations. The changes in emissions are dominant in explaining the trends. We find that the highest EBC and sulphate concentrations are associated with transport from Northern Eurasia and decreasing emissions in this region drive the downward trends. Northern Eurasia (cluster: NE, WNE and ENE) is the dominant emission source at all Arctic stations for both EBC and sulphate during most seasons. In wintertime, there are indications that the EBC emissions from the eastern parts of Northern Eurasia (ENE cluster) have increased over the last decade.
Fruit quality of jabuticaba progenies cultivated in a tropical climate of altitude

Introduction. The jabuticaba tree (Myrciaria jabuticaba) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and produces a small fruit, native to central, southern and southeastern Brazil. Materials and methods. Fruits of 25 progenies of the jabuticaba tree, grown in a tropical highland cli- mate, were evaluated as to physical, physicochemical and chemical characteristics: weight, lon- gitudinal and transverse diameters, pulp and peel yields, seed mass, number of seeds per fruit, pulp and peel moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, (soluble solids/titratable acidity) ratio, pH, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. The experimental design was completely rando- mized, the treatments being the 25 jabuticaba tree progenies. Results. A significant effect among progenies was observed for all characteristics evaluated. The chemical composition showed that the jabuticaba peel has a high phenolic compound content, and considerable fla- vonoid content. These results indicate that there is variability for the characteristics analyzed, enabling the economic exploitation of jabuticaba tree fruits for in natura consumption and pro- cessing. Conclusions. The physical and chemical characteristics combined can be proposed as excellent tools to select superior progenies. The fruits of five progenies showed desirable cha- racteristics for the in natura market, while fruits of five other progenies hold high concentra- tions of natural antioxidants and may be listed as excellent options for the food industry.
Culture Studies on Two Morphological Types of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) from Perth, Western Australia, with a Description of a New Species

The phenotypic plasticity and performance of two growth-forms of Caulelpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh, one found in estuarine conditions, the other growing in a coastal reef environment was studied in laboratory culture. There was no change in the morphology of either growth-form when cultured through a range of salinity (10-40%0) and light (20-140 IlEm-2s-1) conditions. The estuarine growth-form performed better than the coastal one in low salinities (20%0), which suggests physiological adaptation to the estuarine environment. It was concluded that differences in morphology of both types were fixed rather than plastic. The taxonomic status of the estuarine growth-form was raised from a phenotypic variant of C. racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh to a new species, Caulelpa lagara sp. nov.
The Effects of Empowerment, Training, and Teamwork on Employee Job Satisfaction: Case of the Agricultural Manufacturing Sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

Human resources are an important source of growth for organizations. To ensure optimal utilization of human resources, it is vital to align the abilities, knowledge, and skills of the employees with appropriate roles within the organization. This study investigates the effects of three elements—employee empowerment, employee training, and teamwork—on job satisfaction in the agricultural manufacturing industry of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The study was conducted in a quantitative research paradigm and was designed using a cross-sectional survey, through structured questionnaires. SPSS and structural equation modeling were used to analyze data from 315 employees. The results show that employee empowerment has a significant positive impact on job satisfaction. The impact of employee training on job satisfaction was also found to be positive and significant. Additionally, the study found that teamwork had a significant positive influence on job satisfaction. These findings could provide beneficial suggestions for management in the agricultural manufacturing industry, with emphasis on employee empowerment, training, and teamwork to improve employee job satisfaction. Keywords—Human resources; Employee empowerment; Employee training; Teamwork; Job satisfaction