Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CSRS: A cross-domain source routing scheme for multi-domain software-defined networks

SDN is a novel network architecture that separates the control plane from the data plane. It usually utilizes a centralized controller to manage all the switches in the network. With the expanding of network scale, both the complexity of computing routes and the amount of messages exchanged between controller and switches are increasing sharply. The limited performance of a single controller will cause congestion in the control plane. Some schemes have been proposed to solve this problem by dividing the network into multiple domains. In this paper, we propose a cross-domain source routing scheme for multi-domain network combining the thinking of source routing with pre-routing. The cross-domain flow set-up requests are generated only in the source domain and the destination domain. Each controller just needs to bear the load that related to the local traffic. The simulation results show that the scheme can reduce the load of controllers comparing with other schemes.
PTEN Hamartoma of Soft Tissue: A Distinctive Lesion in PTEN Syndromes

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) presents in a spectrum that encompasses the eponymous disorders Cowden and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba. Herein, we delineate the distinctive histopathology of a predominantly intramuscular lesion in PHTS, often called “arteriovenous malformation,” because of certain imaging and histopathologic features. Cases were identified by review of lesions resected from patients with PHTS registered at our Vascular Anomalies Center and of unusual intramuscular vascular anomalies in our pathology database from 1985 to 2008. Thirty-four patients with this lesion were identified: 20 had a clinical diagnosis of, or were suspected to have, PHTS (genetically confirmed in 16). In 4 patients without clinical manifestations of PHTS, 2 had PTEN mutations, 1 did not, and in 1 the mutation was intronic. In the remaining 10, there was insufficient clinical information to fully assess whether they had manifestations of PHTS. Lesions manifested by 15 years of age, normally with pain and swelling, and were most often located in the lower extremity. The major mass was usually intramuscular, but often there were fascial and subcutaneous components and not infrequently a cutaneous vascular stain. Magnetic resonance imaging generally showed an infiltrative soft tissue lesion involving the muscle, fascia, and subcutis with frequently enlarged, serpiginous vessels, small arteriovenous fistulae with disproportionately dilated draining veins, and a prominent adipocytic component. Some lesions involved contiguous muscles, and 20% were multifocal. Resected specimens ranged in size from 1.2 to 25 cm; in 1 patient, amputation was necessary. Histopathologically, these unencapsulated masses, often with a nodular appearance at scanning magnification, consisted of: (1) a variable admixture of mature adipocytic and dense and/or myxoid fibrous tissues (50% to 90% of surface area); (2) a vascular component (10% to 50% of surface area) with: (a) clusters of venous channels, some with excessively and irregularly muscularized complex walls and lumens, and others with thin walls resembling pulmonary alveoli, (b) tortuous, thick-walled arteries with concentric muscular hyperplasia and relatively small lumens, (c) numerous small vessels (arteries, veins, and indeterminate channels), and (d) occasional arteriovenous communications; (3) lymphoid follicles (50%); (4) foci of bone (20%); and (5) hypertrophic nerves with “onion bulb” proliferation of periaxonal spindled cells (9%). We designate this disorganized overgrowth of essentially mesenchymal elements as PTEN hamartoma of soft tissue. It differs from other vascular and connective tissue lesions that occur in patients with PHTS. PTEN hamartoma of soft tissue is histopathologically distinctive, and its identification should prompt a thorough investigation for PHTS.
Genetic variation detected by microsatellites in five Spanish dog breeds.

Estimates of genetic variation detected by microsatellite loci were obtained at the intraand interbreeds levels for five Spanish dog breeds: Alano, Galgo, Podenco Andaluz, Perro de agua, and Maneto. Four microsatellites described in the literature were used. All were polymorphic in the five breeds. Average heterozygosities within breeds ranged from 0.70 to 0.77 and the mean number of alleles per breed ranged from five to seven. Wright’s F statistics were calculated to analyze the differences between observed and expected heterozygosities. Our results showed an average deficit of heterozygotes at all loci for each breed (FIS 5 0.085 6 0.034). The genetic differentiation among breeds was estimated as FST 5 0.108 6 0.015. Both estimates were significant at the 99% level. FST was also used to obtain genetic distances between different breeds. Our estimates are of similar magnitude to those reported in Spanish dog breeds using allozyme markers. The lowest distance was obtained for the Galgo–Podenco Andaluz pair. The greatest distances were obtained between Alano and the other breeds. This can be due, at least in part, to a bottleneck effect caused by the drastic reduction in population size for this breed at the end of the last century.
Rapid Microwave Synthesis of CO Tolerant Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported Platinum Electrocatalysts for Oxidation of Methanol

Reduced graphene oxide/platinum supported electrocatalysts (Pt/RGO) were synthesized by employing a fast and eco-friendly microwave-assisted polyol process, which facilitated the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide and formation of Pt nanocrystals. This system was tested for potential use as an anode material through the electrooxidation of methanol. Compared to the commercial carbon-supported Pt electrocatalysts, the Pt/RGO showed an unprecedented CO poisoning tolerance, high electrochemical active surface area, and high catalytic mass activity for methanol oxidation reaction, demonstrated by increases of 110, 134, and 60%, respectively. We found that the high concentration of oxygen functional groups on reduced graphene oxide plays a major role on the removal of carbonaceous species on the adjacent Pt sites, underlining a synergetic effect between the oxygen moieties on graphene support and Pt nanoparticles. The present microwave assisted synthesis of Pt/RGO provides a new path to prepare electroca.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in parkin-deficient Mice*

Loss-of-function mutations in parkin are the predominant cause of familial Parkinson's disease. We previously reported that parkin-/- mice exhibit nigrostriatal deficits in the absence of nigral degeneration. Parkin has been shown to function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Loss of parkin function, therefore, has been hypothesized to cause nigral degeneration via an aberrant accumulation of its substrates. Here we employed a proteomic approach to determine whether loss of parkin function results in alterations in abundance and/or modification of proteins in the ventral midbrain of parkin-/- mice. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry revealed decreased abundance of a number of proteins involved in mitochondrial function or oxidative stress. Consistent with reductions in several subunits of complexes I and IV, functional assays showed reductions in respiratory capacity of striatal mitochondria isolated from parkin-/- mice. Electron microscopic analysis revealed no gross morphological abnormalities in striatal mitochondria of parkin-/- mice. In addition, parkin-/- mice showed a delayed rate of weight gain, suggesting broader metabolic abnormalities. Accompanying these deficits in mitochondrial function, parkin-/- mice also exhibited decreased levels of proteins involved in protection from oxidative stress. Consistent with these findings, parkin-/- mice showed decreased serum antioxidant capacity and increased protein and lipid peroxidation. The combination of proteomic, genetic, and physiological analyses reveal an essential role for parkin in the regulation of mitochondrial function and provide the first direct evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in the absence of nigral degeneration in a genetic mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
Investigations of the nutritive value of meals of double‐low rapeseed and its influence on growth performance of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT Four experiments were carried out to study the possible differences in metabolizable energy (ME) of meals (RSM) or expeller meals (RSE) from double‐low rapeseed (Expt. 1), the influence of processing on ME (Expt. 2) and on relative phosphorus (P) bioavailability (Expt. 3) in RSM, and effect of RSM inclusion on growth performance of broilers (Expt. 4). For Expt. 1, diets with 300 g/kg RSM from 11 RSM and 4 RSE varieties were fed to broilers from d 14 to 21, with excreta collection on d 19 to 21. Each treatment had 8 replicates and 3 birds per replicate. Energy metabolizability of RSM of a specialized high glucosinolate variety (V275OL) was greater (P < 0.05) than all the other varieties. In Expt. 2, two RSM varieties were processed with mild or conventional processing condition. There were no variety effects on ME, but ME and MEn were greater (P < 0.01) for RSM processed by mild processing condition. In Expt. 3, P bioavailability of RSM was determined, relative to MSP, using growth performance and tibia ash as responses. Phosphorus relative bioavailability values were greater (P < 0.05) in RSM of DK Cabernet variety processed using the mild processing condition. In Expt. 4, two RSM varieties were added to wheat‐soybean meal‐based diet at the rates of 50, 100, 150, or 200 g/kg and fed to broilers from d 0 to 42. Inclusion of 150 and 200 g/kg of RSM resulted in reduced weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared (P < 0.01) with the lower inclusion levels during the starter phase. For the entire trial (d 0 to 42), weight gain was greater (P < 0.01) for birds receiving diets with RSM from PR46W21 variety. It was concluded from the experiments that apart from the residual ether extract content, variety differences had no impact on ME of RSM, conventional processing reduced ME and relative bio‐availability of P; and that the maximum level of RSM inclusion depends on maximum growth performance level desired.
Effect of Abstinence on Audio-Visual Reaction Time in Chronic Smokers Pursuing a Professional Course.

INTRODUCTION It has now been proven that tobacco abuse is the leading cause for various carcinomas such as oral, lung and oesophageal. It also leads to atherosclerosis of major vessels, development of hypertension, autoimmune disorders, COPD, bronchitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, etc. Most smokers are dependent on nicotine and abstinence from smoking results in tobacco withdrawal and craving. It also affects cognitive skills and reaction time. Many students in professional college have the habit of smoking. In spite of awareness programmes carried out in schools, colleges and having ban on smoking, prevalence of smoking is rising in India. AIM To observe the effect of abstinence on audiovisual reaction time and to note the cause for reverting to smoking by the students pursing professional course. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male volunteers in the age group of 18-25 years participated in the study. The volunteers were divided in to two groups (control group and study group). Cigarette smokers consuming at least 10-19 cigarettes per day for more than 2-3 years were included as subjects in study group. The study was conducted using a audiovisual reaction time apparatus in a quiet and bright lit room. All volunteers were subjected to baseline readings after demonstrating working of the apparatus. Auditory (high pitched and low pitched sound) and visual (red light and green light) reaction time was recorded. Thirty students in study group were subjected to these tests immediately after smoking and after 12 hours of abstinence. After all the individuals were tested, the recorded values were compared by Student's t-test. RESULTS Statistically significant difference was recorded in auditory and visual reaction time in study group subjects immediately after smoking and after 12 hours of abstinence as compared to base line readings. CONCLUSION It was observed that auditory and visual reaction time was prolonged in chronic smokers after 12 hours of abstinence.
Complexidade da história e pausas silentes em crianças com e sem distúrbio específico de linguagem Story's complexity and silent pauses in children with and without specific language impairment

Purpose: To verify the average time of silent pauses in narratives and the influence of story’s complexity in the occurrence of these pauses in narratives of children with typical language development and children with specific language impairment (SLI), and further to compare these aspects between groups. Methods: Sixty children aged between seven to ten years took part in this research, being 40 typical language developing children and 20 with SLI. To collect data, each child produced 15 narratives, each one based on a four-scene-sequence. These narratives show increasing complexity of the relations between the characters, since absence of intentionality (mechanical and behavioral sequences) to relations between characters with mental states attribution (intentional sequences), which allowed the survey of the average time of silent pauses in the narratives produced. Results: Story’s complexity has influenced the average time of silent pauses in narratives of children with typical language development, however, for children with SLI this pattern was not observed. The comparison between groups indicates a significant difference in all types of narratives, with the highest average in the group with SLI. Conclusion: Due to their linguistic impairment, children with SLI had longer silent pauses in their narratives. Story’s complexity has influenced the average time of silent pauses in narratives of children with typical language development, but this difference hasn’t occurred in SLI children’s narratives.
Efficacy of Teicoplanin and Autoradiographic Diffusion Pattern of [14C]Teicoplanin in ExperimentalStaphylococcus aureus Infection of Joint Prostheses

ABSTRACT Prosthesis infections are difficult to cure. Infection with methicillin-resistant staphylococci is becoming more common in patients with orthopedic implants. Using a recently developed model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection of a knee prosthesis, we compared the efficacies of teicoplanin and vancomycin. [14C]teicoplanin diffusion in this model was also studied by autoradiography. A partial knee replacement was performed with a silicone implant fitting into the intramedullary canal of the tibia, and 107 CFU of MRSA was injected into the knee. Treatment with teicoplanin or vancomycin (20 or 60 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, given intramuscularly twice daily) was started 7 days after inoculation and was continued for 7 days. The teicoplanin and vancomycin MICs for MRSA were 1 μg/ml. Mean peak and trough levels in serum were 39.1 and 23.5 μg/ml, respectively, for teicoplanin and 34.4 and 18.5 μg/ml, respectively, for vancomycin. Fifteen days after the end of therapy, the animals were killed and their tibias were removed, pulverized, and quantitatively cultured. Teicoplanin and vancomycin significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the bacterial density (2.7 ± 1.3 and 3.3 ± 1.6 log10 CFU/g of bone, respectively) compared to those for the controls (5.04 ± 1.4 log10 CFU/g of bone). The bacterial covents of teicoplanin- and vancomycin-treated rabbits were comparable. The [14C]teicoplanin autoradiographic diffusion patterns in rabbits with prostheses, two of which were uninfected and two of which were infected, were studied 15 days after inoculation. Sixty minutes after the end of an infusion of 250 μCi of [14C]teicoplanin, autoradiography showed that in the infected animals, the highest levels of radioactivity were located around the prosthesis and in the periosteum, bone marrow, and trabecular bone. Radioactivity was less intense in epiphyseal disk cartilage, femoral cartilage, articular ligaments, and muscles and was weak in compact bone. A similar distribution pattern was seen in uninfected rabbits. Thus, teicoplanin may represent an effective alternative therapy for the treatment of these infections.
Reducing HIV/AIDS High-Risk Behavior among Injection Drug Users: Peers vs. Education

This study examines the effects of peer groups and education on risk behavior for HIV among injection drug users (IDUs). The sample consisted of 682 participants in the Eastern Connecticut Health Outreach project, which compares traditional and peer-driven outreach interventions for IDUs. Participants are educated about safer injecting, subsequently administered a risk-reduction knowledge test, and given an extensive interview. Logistic regression shows that education alone is not a significant factor in reducing risky behavior in IDUs among the behaviors studied. A significant interaction was found between peer support for safer use and personal saliency of peer attitudes for both syringe and water sharing. Neither peer attitudes nor education affected cooker sharing. These results suggest that while education may be an important component in any intervention, it is not alone sufficient to reduce risky behavior. Our findings suggest that peer-directed interventions may be useful in reducing some forms of risk behavior among IDUs.
Test compaction for sequential circuits

The authors describe a number of heuristic algorithms to compact a set of test sequences generated by a sequential circuit automatic test pattern generator (ATPG). A model has been developed and analyzed which shows that finding the optimal solution has an exponential worst-case complexity. To achieve an acceptable run time, some heuristics have been developed that yield good suboptimal solutions in a very short time. Three heuristic algorithms were developed. These algorithms were implemented in C and lex and applied to several of the ISCAS-89 benchmark sequential circuits. They reduce the test length by 17%-63% with a very small time overhead, while having little effect on the original fault overage. >
The Muslim Religiosity-Personality Measurement Inventory (MRPI)'s religiosity measurement model: towards filling the gaps in religiosity research on Muslims

Since the advent of religiosity as a field of scientific inquiry, it has been under the domain of psychologists of religion. The approach taken toward conceptualizing religiosity, therefore, has always been one purported to be of religious universalism. However, the overwhelming majority of religiosity instruments to date have fallen under the rubric of Christianity and the study of Christian people. As the desire to learn more about the religious life of the non-Christian traditions and people spreads, there is an increasing need for religiosity concepts and instruments to reflect these particular religious traditions. The role of religious worldview, therefore, is a major consideration in the instrumentation of religiosity, as worldview provides an underlying philosophical foundation for the operationalization of religiosity concepts, constructs and items. As the preponderance of religiosity instrumentation to date has been grounded in the Judeo-Christian religious worldview, existing religiosity instrumentation is also reflective of it, and as such, does not adequately represent the uniqueness of other non-Judeo-Christian worldviews such as the Islamic tawhidic worldview. As such, the Current study aimed to provide a general overview of religiosity conceptualization in general, along with some of the major gaps in religiosity research for Muslims. In response, the paper concludes with the presentation of a basic religiosity model rooted in the tawhidic worldview of Islam, upon which the Muslim Religiosity-Personality Inventory (MRPI) was based.
Effect of Collaborative Care for Depression on Risk of Cardiovascular Events: Data From the IMPACT Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective Although depression is a risk and prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), depression trials involving cardiac patients have not observed the anticipated cardiovascular benefits. To test our hypothesis that depression treatment delivered before clinical CVD onset reduces risk of CVD events, we conducted an 8-year follow-up study of the Indiana sites of the Improving Mood-Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) randomized controlled trial. Methods Participants were 235 primary care patients 60 years or older with major depression or dysthymia who were randomized to a 12-month collaborative care program involving antidepressants and psychotherapy (85 without and 35 with baseline CVD) or usual care (83 without and 32 with baseline CVD). Hard CVD events (fatal/nonfatal) were identified using electronic medical record and Medicare/Medicaid data. Results A total of 119 patients (51%) had a hard CVD event. As hypothesized, the treatment × baseline CVD interaction was significant (p = .021). IMPACT patients without baseline CVD had a 48% lower risk of an event than did usual care patients (28% versus 47%, hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval = 0.31–0.86). The number needed to treat to prevent one event for 5 years was 6.1. The likelihood of an event did not differ between IMPACT and usual care patients with baseline CVD (86% versus 81%, hazard ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence interval, 0.70–2.03). Conclusions Collaborative depression care delivered before CVD onset halved the excess risk of hard CVD events among older, depressed patients. Our findings raise the possibility that the IMPACT intervention could be used as a CVD primary prevention strategy. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01561105.
Phosphorylation of Calmodulin by Permeabilized Fibroblasts Overexpressing the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Detergent-permeabilized EGFR-T17 fibroblasts, which overexpress the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, phosphorylate both poly-L-(glutamic acid, tyrosine) and exogenous calmodulin in an EGF-stimulated manner. Phosphorylation of calmodulin requires the presence of cationic polypeptides, such as poly-L-(lysine) or histones, which exert a biphasic effect toward calmodulin phosphorylation. Optimum cationic polypeptide/calmodulin molar ratios of 0.3 and 7 were determined for poly-L-(lysine) and histones, respectively. Maximum levels of calmodulin phosphorylation were attained in the absence of free calcium, and a strong inhibition of this process was observed at very low concentrations (Ki = 0.2 microM) of this cation. The incorporation of phosphate into calmodulin occurred predominantly on tyrosine residue(s) and was stimulated 34-fold by EGF.