Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BACKPACKERS IN CHINA-THEIR CHARACTERISTICS ANDTRAVELEXPERIENCES

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of backpackers and their travel behaviours in China. Specifically, the study sought to explore backpackers’ expenditure patterns, activity preference and travel experience while traveling in China. A self-administered questionnaire was used in this study. The results were analysed based on 233 completed questionnaires distributed tobackpackers staying at youth hostels in Xi’an. The research findings confirmed other previous studies on backpackers. It was found that majority of the backpackers in this study were primarily young and European. The results also indicated that respondents are highly motivated by seeking such goals as self-development and novelty and preferred to participate culture-based travel activities. Although respondents were satisfied with travel experiences in China there was room for improvement. The major issues pointed out by respondents were low standard of hygiene and public toilets, unfriendly frontline service employees at restaurants and train stations, and booking train tickets. It is hoped that the findings of this study will contribute to developing promotional strategies for the backpacker market in China.
Twinning rate in a rural mission tertiary hospital in the Niger delta, Nigeria

Summary Twin pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of pre-term deliveries, perinatal morbidity, mortality and maternal complications, especially in developing countries. A descriptive study of all women who had twin pregnancies in a rural mission tertiary hospital over a 7-year period was undertaken. There were a total of 3,351 deliveries and 99 cases of twin deliveries during the study period giving an incidence of 29.5/1,000 or one in 33.8 deliveries. Some 60% of the twins were delivered by caesarean section, while 36.4% had vaginal delivery. A total of 4% had vacuum delivery and a combination of vacuum and caesarean delivery. Twinning rate increased with increasing age and parity. The majority of the patients were unbooked (65.7%). The study could not detect any differences in the birth weights of twin 1 compared to twin 2. There were more females (52%) than males (48%). Low birth weight babies constituted 57.1% of twins. There were 26 perinatal deaths giving rise to a perinatal mortality rate of 131/1,000 and there was no difference in the perinatal mortality rate in the unbooked (131/1,000) and the booked (132/1,000). ). Booking status had no significant effect on perinatal mortality of twins and singletons, p value = 0.65. Singletons had significantly more caesarean section and vaginal delivery than twins, p value < 0.0001. Prematurity was the chief cause of perinatal death (65.4%). The most common mode of presentation was cephalic/cephalic (58.6%), followed by cephalic/breech (29.2%), breech/cephalic (7.1%) and breech/breech (5.1%). There was no maternal death.
Being forced? Getting far? Speaking the language? What matters in the process of going abroad as a student?

Student mobility is a common phenomenon in Luxembourg, as almost every student spends a period abroad before graduating. Based on material from this “hyper-mobile” academic context, we will focus on the first phase of going abroad. First, we will analyse how the idea to study abroad is related to different notions of forced or non-forced mobility. Second, we will turn to the choice of destination, focussing on geographical distance and language distance between the country of origin and the place of destination. Geographical distance is not a goal as such but is a proxy for other dimensions, e.g. greater distance can be equated with a wish to try out new things and start a new life phase while shorter distance emphasises strong embeddedness in pre-existing social ties and obligations. In terms of language, students mostly choose countries where one of Luxembourg’s official languages is spoken (either because they have mastered it or because they would like to improve it for professional reasons), and countries where an additional language can be learnt or practised. Our results show that studying abroad is not the decision of a moment, but rather a process embedded in students’ past, present and future as well as in their social surroundings.
When Quality Matters! CSR Disclosure and Value Creation

This paper examines corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of financial institutions in Malaysia and investigates the influence of CSR disclosure quantity and quality on the value creation of a firm. Study sample includes 80 observations, comprising 20 financial institutions in Malaysia over a four-year period from 2008 to 2011. Content analysis was performed on the annual and sustainability reports to measure the CSR reporting among the financial institutions. The CSR reporting was measured in terms of both quantity and quality of information disclosed. A value-creation index, comprising both financial and non-financial measures, was developed to measure the resultant effect of such CSR information on creating value for the financial institutions. Results of this study provide evidence of an improvement in the quantity and quality of CSR disclosure among the financial institutions in Malaysia over the four-year period from 2008 to 2011, three years after the introduction of CSR framework to all Malaysian Public Listed Companies. Additionally, it was found that the concentration of the CSR activities among the financial institutions was towards the well-being of the community in which they operate. Study findings also indicate that quality of CSR disclosure matters more than quantity, as disclosure quality was found to be the only significant predictor of value creation for organizations. These findings have important implications, as they suggest that stakeholders require more non-financial information in order to evaluate social performance of a company. The positive link between the
Measurement Accuracy in Congenital Scoliosis

Background: The accuracy of measurement of curves in idiopathic scoliosis has been extensively studied; however, we know of only one article in the literature concerning the accuracy of measurement of curves in congenital scoliosis. That article stated that intraobserver variability was ± 9.6° and interobserver variability was ± 11.8°. Methods: Sixty-nine curves in fifty patients with congenital scoliosis were measured on two separate occasions by seven different observers with varying experience in curve measurement. Results: Mean intraobserver variance ranged from 1.9° to 5.0°, with an average of 2.8° (95% confidence limit, ± 3°) for the seven observers. The interobserver variance was 3.35° (95% confidence limit, 7.86°). Conclusions: It is possible to measure curves in congenital scoliosis with much greater accuracy than previously reported. In the clinical situation in which a skilled observer can measure two radiographs at the same time, an accuracy of ± 3° can be expected 95% of the time.
The Influence of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Firm Competitiveness Performances

Purpose – The purposes of this study are to examine the significance of GSCM practices- green production, green purchasing and investment recovery towards firm competitiveness performances. Furthermore, the green practices have to be told to the various industries to mitigate and minimize the negative environmental impact. Therefore the employees must be aware of the green practices so that it will encourage everyone to cooperate in it. Methodology – The method that used is quantitative research which is questionnaire. They distributed it to respondents under the scope of manufacturing firms that using ISO 14001.541 questionnaires had been distributed to the specific person that holds the managerial position of the company but only 100 usable questionnaires were returned and it is the only results that have been used for the entire research. The results are based on regression analysis and equation modeling by using SPSS software. Findings – The study finds that green production and green purchasing are positive relationship and investment recovery are negative relationship between firm competitiveness performances. Practical implications – Some of the implications are the positive impact on firm competitiveness regarding green production and green purchasing. Then, to encourage firms to implement GSCM practices in their industry and the firm can implement the 3Rs program which is reuse, reduce and recycle in the production lines. Originality/value – A comprehensive GSCM practices model is proposed and empirically assessed. The results of this investigation support the proposition that GSCM practices are influence on firm competitiveness performances.
Studies of Amphetamine or Methamphetamine Psychosis in Japan: Relation of Methamphetamine Psychosis to Schizophrenia

There exist clinical characteristics of methamphetamine (MAP) psychosis in the Japanese population. MAP psychosis involves paranoid‐hallucinatory states indistinguishable from paranoid schizophrenia, with residual volitional disturbances (e.g., loss of spontaneity and idleness). Paranoid‐hallucinatory states persist after the pharmacological effects of MAP have worn off and readily reappear upon a reinjection of MAP. Individuals with a history of MAP psychosis further undergo spontaneous recurrence of their paranoid‐hallucinatory states in response to stress. The development of MAP psychosis might therefore be related to persisting brain damage or changes in brain metabolism induced by repeated MAP use, and thus studies of the clinical course and neurological basis of MAP psychosis could provide insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Accordingly, psychiatrists have studied the clinical characteristics of MAP psychosis and examined the neurobiological basis of MAP‐induced behavioral sensitization, using animals. MAP‐induced behavioral sensitization might well be related to dopamine supersensitivity; however, the contribution of presynaptic autoreceptors remains controversial, and other hypotheses should be considered. Recently, the process that triggers spontaneous recurrence of MAP psychosis (flashbacks) and corresponding peripheral neurotransmitter functions has been studied. Stress sensitization associated with noradrenergic hyperactivity, involving increased dopamine release, appears to be crucial in the development of flashbacks. Overall, MAP‐induced susceptibility to paranoid‐hallucinatory states and to abnormal behavior (e.g., stereotyped behavior) in animals is examined as a model for predicting relapses of paranoid schizophrenia. Further extensive studies on the neurobiological and molecular mechanisms of this susceptibility are required.
WAIS-IV and WISC-IV Structural Validity

Weiss, Keith, Zhu, and Chen (2013a) and Weiss, Keith, Zhu, and Chen (2013b), this issue, report examinations of the factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), respectively; comparing Wechsler Hierarchical Model (W-HM) and Cattell–Horn–Carroll Hierarchical Model (CHC-HM), subtest cross-loadings, and factorial invariance between clinical and normative groups from the respective standardizations. Both studies suffer from a number of theoretical, methodological, and practical problems that significantly limit conclusions and recommendations for practitioner interpretations of these instruments. Additional analyses and research are required to better inform practitioners for WAIS-IV and WISC-IV use.
An Experimental Study of Reputation with Heterogeneous Goods

Reputation systems provide decision support for e-commerce. A shortcoming of existing systems is that all transactions are rated equally, and the impact of reputation systems for differently valued goods is not well understood. In an experiment, we study a heterogeneous good market. We find that the reputation system increases surplus by increasing transactions in the high value good. Allowing for heterogeneous goods reduces information, as buyers cannot determine whether the seller previously transacted in low/high value goods. We test a new system, which displays reputation separately for each good. We provide evidence that this additional information is utilized in decisions.
Behavioral Science Education and the International Medical Graduate

Purpose International medical graduates (IMGs), many of whom are recent immigrants to the United States, are filling an increasing proportion of U.S. family medicine residency positions. Therefore, assumptions about the training experiences of first-year residents may no longer apply to a large percentage of incoming residents. The authors sought to improve the behavioral science education in their residency program by learning about IMGs’ previous training and experience in behavioral science before coming to the United States. Method Ten first-, second-, and third-year family medicine residents, representing medical school training from India, Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, The Philippines, Egypt, and Iraq, were individually interviewed using an inductive, qualitative approach. Transcripts were reviewed and double coded. Categories and story lines were identified, and member checking was employed. Results Segments were classified into seven categories: residents’ behavioral medicine training prior to coming to the United States; reflections on the inclusion of mental health and psychosocial content in clinical family medicine; training in medical interviewing; reflections on the physician–patient relationship; perceptions of U.S. family life; recommendations for improving IMGs’ understanding of psychosocial aspects of patient care; and specific challenges residents face as IMGs. Conclusions The narrative data suggested several possible modifications to the family medicine curriculum, including expanding new resident orientation content about U.S. health care, introducing behavioral science content sooner, and having IMGs observe quality physician–patient interactions. Interview data also yielded concrete suggestions for improving residents’ psychiatric interview knowledge and skills, such as instruction in specific wording of questions.
Management Forecast Disaggregation and the Legal Environment: International Evidence

This study examines the extent to which managers from countries around the world provide disaggregated forecasts (i.e., forecasts containing projections of multiple key performance measures) and also investigates which performance measure managers tend to forecast the most in different countries. In addition, this study also examines whether and to what extent the perceived informativeness of disaggregated forecasts and the different forecast items vary with the legal regime related to investor protection of a country. Using a comprehensive dataset hand-collected from the original text of management forecasts from 30 countries, we find that managers are generally less (more) inclined to issue disaggregated forecasts and forecasts containing projections on future sales and income from continuing operations in countries with a stronger (weaker) legal environment, although such forecasts are (are not) perceived to be more informative in these countries. Overall, our results suggest that while providing more disaggregated forecasts and the choice of forecast items represent important mechanisms through which managers can enhance the perceived informativeness of their forecasts, the resulting outcome and the incentives for issuing such forecasts are affected by both the costs and benefits associated with voluntary disclosure in different countries.
Communication attitude and speech in 10-year-old children with cleft (lip and) palate: An ICF perspective

Many children born with cleft palate have impaired speech during their pre-school years, but usually the speech difficulties are transient and resolved by later childhood. This study investigated communication attitude with the Swedish version of the Communication Attitude Test (CAT-S) in 54 10-year-olds with cleft (lip and) palate. In addition, environmental factors were assessed via parent questionnaire. These data were compared to speech assessments by experienced listeners, who rated the children's velopharyngeal function, articulation, intelligibility, and general impression of speech at ages 5, 7, and 10 years. The children with clefts scored significantly higher on the CAT-S compared to reference data, indicating a more negative communication attitude on group level but with large individual variation. All speech variables, except velopharyngeal function at earlier ages, as well as the parent questionnaire scores, correlated significantly with the CAT-S scores. Although there was a relationship between speech and communication attitude, not all children with impaired speech developed negative communication attitudes. The assessment of communication attitude can make an important contribution to our understanding of the communicative situation for children with cleft (lip and) palate and give important indications for intervention.
Enabling the digital fashion consumer through fit and sizing technology

Abstract Online fashion retailing is a major growth area. Innovative online fit and sizing technologies that facilitate purchase continue to develop and launch, however, problems associated with digital expectations of fit and size in consumer decision-making remain unresolved. This research focuses on 20 prominent fit and size technologies from a sample of 30 and uses content analysis to examine website design and operation. Content analysis, combined with an extended literature review, enables the linking of academic theory and practice. The research provides the basis for a discussion of best practice utilisation of fit and sizing technology through the Omni-fit model, which accounts for the combination of technological approaches and the emerging influence of augmented and virtual reality fashion technology. The results include the need for improvements to 3D visualisation, user experience, and online customer relationship management of existing websites, aligned with Omni-channel retailing practice.
Post-operative wound infections.

Aims To examine the factors influencing post-operative wound infections, such as the patient's age, sex, type and duration of surgical procedure, length of hospital stay, and the type of antibiotic prophylaxis used. In addition, to examine the level of nurses' and physicians' knowledge and application of aseptic technique procedures preoperatively, peri-operatively and post-operatively. Method The study was conducted between 1997 and 1999 at two major hospitals in Greece. One hundred and twenty six (n=126) patients and 90 (n=90) healthcare professionals (74 nurses and 16 physicians) were included in the study. Healthcare participants were interviewed and completed questionnaires that were designed to measure demographics, experience, infection control training and education, staffing levels, perceived deficits, and managerial support. Results The study showed that there was a high rate of infection (17.5 per cent) in both hospitals with more predominance in the male population (p<0.05). The length of hospital stay and type of surgical procedure were found to be significant factors in infection. In addition, the lack of awareness of aseptic techniques among nurses and physicians in several practice areas, despite the availability of a large number of relevant and well-established research findings and guidance, was also found to be significant. The duration of the operation was found to be correlated with infection (R=0.208, p<0.01). Emergency surgical procedures were more susceptible to infection (p=0.08) than scheduled procedures. The results will provide hospital administrators with strategic goals and actions that might have a significant impact on reducing infection outbreaks following surgery. Conclusion Continuous education of all healthcare professionals in basic infection control procedures, policies and new information on antimicrobial resistance is recommended to increase detection and identification of surgical wound infections. A follow-up study should be conducted to measure the improvement in the use of aseptic techniques by both nurses and physicians.
The influence of internal information quality on tax risk

This thesis studies the relation between internal information quality and tax risk. This relation is based on assumptions of decision theory, such as rationality and optimality. Tax risk management has become more important over the recent years, however research on this topic is limited. The definition of tax risk that is used in this study is that tax risk reflects the sustainability of a firm its tax position, uncertainty related to taxes and the probability of a large tax loss. Tax risk is measured as the volatility of the cash effective tax rate. This study analyzes panel data, using a sample that consists of firm-year observations of U.S. firms between 1998 and 2015. The results show a positive relation between the two concepts, but only partially significant. More specifically, the findings suggest that a higher internal information quality leads to a lower tax risk but this relation has to be further investigated. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence that the quality of the internal information plays an important role in a firm its tax risk. The findings of this thesis are furthermore important for managers, investors, tax authorities and policy makers.
Exploring heterogeneity among socially responsible investors : a critical analysis of an ethical building society's investors in the UK

Socially responsible investment (SRI) has seen a massive growth in the last 10 to 15 years. Much of the literature on SRI is a result of research which has examined SR-investors as a homogeneous group of truly socially responsible investors. However, recent studies have started acknowledging the significance of two motivational criteria that an individual looks at when selecting SRI: these being financial return and social return aspects of SRI. Both these return aspects together determine an individual’s selection of socially responsible investment. Additionally, the balance an investor acquires between these two motives vary from person to person. Thus, suggesting heterogeneity among SR-investors in terms of the importance they place on the two return aspects of SRI. The aim of this study is to empirically explore heterogeneity among SR-investors in terms of the importance they place on both financial and social returns when selecting SRI. Analysis of survey data, (N=298) obtained from investors of Ecology Building Society, showed that SR-investors could be sub-grouped into three unique segments on the basis of the importance these segments hold for the financial and the social return aspects of SRI. These groups are: financial-return driven investors, social-return driven investors and dual-return driven investors. One-way ANOVA, post- hoc tests, discriminant analysis, chi2 tests and regression analysis were employed to rigorously validate this typology of investors. Pro-social attitude, perceived consumer effectiveness, trust, value orientations, age, education, income and gender were used as external variables for the validation of the typology/segments of SR investors. The three groups in the typology exhibit different psychographic and demographic profiles according to the specific combination of financial and social return that they exhibit. Also, the values motivating SRI-attitude of each cluster vary, thus highlighting the uniqueness of each cluster. These findings bring new understanding of investors in the 21st century, thus adding to the existing knowledge of investment behaviour and marketing. Marketers can benefit from the findings of this study as they can develop strategies for each segment so as to cater to their specific needs. Policy-makers striving to attain sustainability can benefit from this knowledge as they can determine which values to promote so as to sway people to invest in a sustainable way.