Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thin 5-Junction Solar Cells with Improved Radiation Hardness

Besides the efficiency, the radiation hardness of a solar cell is one of the key parameters for space applications. Today's GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells achieve remaining factors for pmpp of 88 % after 1 MeV electron irradiation at a fluence of 1015 cm-2. The degradation is dominated by the GaInAs middle cell. New solar cell structures with 5 pn-junctions have been developed to further improve the radiation resistance and excellent remaining factors of 95 % for Voc and 93 % for pmpp are reported in this paper. The structure consists of AlGaInP, GaInP, AlGaInAs, GaInAs and Ge active pn-junctions. A 1.1 mum thin Ga0.99In0. 01As 4th subcell with a radiation hard layer structure was developed. This subcell has now a remaining factor for Jsc of 95 %. This proves the high radiation hardness of the 5-junction space solar cell concept
Norwegian General Practitioners’ Perspectives on Implementation of a Guided Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Qualitative Study

Background Previous research suggests that Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has a positive effect on symptoms of depression. ICBT appears to be more effective with therapist support, but it is unclear what this support should comprise. General practitioners (GPs) have positive attitudes toward ICBT. However, ICBT is rarely used in regular care in general practice. More research is warranted to integrate the potential of ICBT as part of regular care. Objective The aim of this study was to explore aspects perceived by GPs to affect the implementation of guided ICBT in daily practice. Understanding their perspectives may contribute to improving the treatment of depression in the context of general practice. Methods A training package (3-day course) introducing a Norwegian translation of the ICBT program MoodGYM was developed and presented to GPs in Norway. Following training, GPs were asked to include guided ICBT in their regular care of patients with symptoms of depression by providing brief, face-to-face follow-up consultations between modules. We interviewed 11 GPs who had taken the course. Our interview guide comprised open questions that encouraged GPs to frame their responses using examples from their experiences when implementing ICBT. Thematic analysis was chosen to explore patterns across the data. Results An overall belief that ICBT would benefit both the patients’ health and the GPs’ own work satisfaction prompted the GPs to take the ICBT course. ICBT motivated them to invest time and effort in improving treatment. The most important motivating aspects in MoodGYM were that a program based on cognitive behavioral therapy could add a structured agenda to their consultations and empower depressed patients. Organizational aspects, such as a lack of time and varied practice, inhibited the use of ICBT. Inadequate knowledge, recalling the program, and changing own habits were also challenging. The GPs were ambivalent about whether ICBT had a negative impact on the doctor–patient interaction in the module follow-ups. Generally, GPs made an effort to recommend MoodGYM, but the expected module follow-ups were often not provided to patients and instead the GPs returned to standard treatment. Conclusions GPs’ feedback in the present study contribute to our understanding of the challenges of changing treatment for depression. Our findings indicated that recommending ICBT could add to the GP’s toolkit. Offering training and highlighting the following aspects may increase recommendation of ICBT by GPs: (1) ICBT is theory-based and credible, (2) ICBT increases the GPs’ work satisfaction by having a tool to offer, and (3) ICBT facilitates empowerment of patients in their own health. In addition, the present study also indicated that complex aspects must be accommodated before module follow-ups can be incorporated into GPs’ treatment of depression.
Breakthroughs in Photonics 2013: Passive Mode-Locking of Quantum-Dot Lasers

Most recent achievements in passive mode-locking of quantum-dot lasers, with the main focus on jitter reduction and frequency tuning, are described. Different techniques, leading to record values for integrated jitter of 121 fs and a locking range of 342 MHz, are presented for a 40-GHz laser. Optical feedback is observed to be the method of choice in this field. For the first time, five different optical-feedback regimes are discovered, including the resonant one yielding a radio-frequency linewidth reduction by 99%.
Honokiol upregulates prostacyclin synthease protein expression and inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis

Honokiol is a bioactive compound extracted from the Chinese medicinal herbMagnolia officinalis. We recently demonstrated that honokiol inhibited arterial thrombosis through stimulation of prostacyclin (PGI2) generation and endothelial cell protection. The current study is designed to investigate its mechanism of stimulation of PGI2 generation and cell protection. 6-keto-PGF1α, the stable metabolite of PGI2, in the media of rat aortic endothelial cells was measured with radioimmunoassay kits. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and tranylcypromine, a prostacyclin synthease inhibitor were used to ascertain the target enzyme affected by honokiol. Prostacyclin synthease protein levels in endothelial cells were determined byWestern blot analysis using an anti-PGI2 synthease rabbit polyclonal antibody. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the apoptotic cells and spectrophotometrywas used to test the caspase-3 activity. Honokiol (0.376–37.6 μM) increased the level of 6-keto-PGF1α in the media of normal endothelial cells. It counteracted the inhibitory effect of tranylcypromine on the PGI2 generation, but did not influence the effect of indomethacin; evidently, honokiol up-regulated the expression of prostacyclin synthease in the endothelial cells. These effects showed perfect concentration-dependent behavior. In addition, at lower concentration (0.376–3.76μM), honokiol significantly decreased the percentage of apoptotic endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and significantly lowered the activity of caspase-3 stimulated by ox-LDL.A high dose of honokiol (37.6 μM), however, failed to influence either of them. In conclusion, honokiol augments PGI2 generation in normal endothelial cells; its effect on PGI2 generation attributes to up-regulation of prostacyclin synthease expression; its cell protection may be correlated with its inhibition on apoptosis of endothelial cells. These findings have partly revealed the molecular mechanism of honokiol on inhibiting arterial thrombosis. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Improved visual function in IDDM patients with unchanged cumulative incidence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends in visual acuity and the cumulative incidence of diabetic retinopathy in a clinic-based observational follow-up study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All patients visiting Hvidore Hospital in 1984 whose diagnosis of IDDM had been made before 41 years of age and between 1965 and 1979 (n = 356) were followed until 1994 or until their deaths. All patients were Caucasians and resided in Copenhagen. Patients were divided into three prevalence cohorts based on time of diabetes onset: group A, 1965-1969 (n = 113); group B, 1970-1974 (n = 130); and group C, 1975-1979 (n = 113). RESULTS Fifteen years after diabetes onset, the visual acuity was significantly improved in patients with increasing calendar year of the disease onset. The median (interquartile range) visual acuity was 1.0 (0.8-1.0), 1.0(0.9-1.0), and 1.0 (1.0-1.0) in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P < 0.01 overall; P = 0.28 for group A vs. group B; and P < 0.01 for group A vs. group C) with 60, 66, and 93 having a visual acuity of 1.0 in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The cumulative incidence (+/-SEM), expressed as a percentage and calculated according to the life-table method, of proliferative retinopathy, maculopathy, and laser-treated retinopathy 15 years after onset of diabetes were, respectively, 13+/-3, 11+/-3, and 12+/-3 in group A; 16+/-3, 12+/-3, and 21+/-4 in group B; 11+/-3, 5+/-2, and 12+/-3 in group C, respectively (NS). The development of proliferative retinopathy was associated with the degree of retinopathy and albuminuria at baseline and the mean HbA1c during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed an improvement in visual acuity with increasing calendar year of diabetes onset but an unchanged cumulative incidence of diabetic retinopathy.
α-Helical element at the hormone-binding surface of the insulin receptor functions as a signaling element to activate its tyrosine kinase

The primary hormone-binding surface of the insulin receptor spans one face of the N-terminal β-helix of the α-subunit (the L1 domain) and an α-helix in its C-terminal segment (αCT). Crystallographic analysis of the free ectodomain has defined a contiguous dimer-related motif in which the αCT α-helix packs against L1 β-strands 2 and 3. To relate structure to function, we exploited expanded genetic-code technology to insert photo-activatable probes at key sites in L1 and αCT. The pattern of αCT-mediated photo–cross-linking within the free and bound receptor is in accord with the crystal structure and prior mutagenesis. Surprisingly, L1 photo-probes in β-strands 2 and 3, predicted to be shielded by αCT, efficiently cross-link to insulin. Furthermore, anomalous mutations were identified on neighboring surfaces of αCT and insulin that impair hormone-dependent activation of the intracellular receptor tyrosine kinase (contained within the transmembrane β-subunit) disproportionately to their effects on insulin binding. Taken together, these results suggest that αCT, in addition to its hormone-recognition role, provides a signaling element in the mechanism of receptor activation.
The Effect of the Auxiliary Electrode on the Microplasma Generated in a Plasma Display With a Coplanar Gap

The microplasma modes generated in a plasma display with a coplanar gap and an auxiliary electrode were investigated using the discharge current peak time (discharge delay) and discharge current. Three types of modes were classified as follows: mode 1) showed a decrease in both the discharge current and the discharge delay, mode 2) showed a decrease in the discharge current and an increase in the discharge delay, and mode 3) showed an increase in the discharge current and a decrease in the discharge delay. The infrared efficiency increased in modes 1) and 2) with an increase in the auxiliary pulse voltage. However, in mode 3), the IR efficiency started to decrease. According to the measurement results, modes 1) and 2) are suitable for microplasma generated in a coplanar gap with an auxiliary electrode to obtain high efficacy.
Association between the dosage and duration of statin treatment with coronary collateral development

BackgroundThe coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to myocardium in the presence of advanced coronary artery disease and the therapeutic promotion of collateral growth appears to be a valuable treatment strategy in these patients. Although it has been shown in in-vivo studies that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) promote vasculogenesis and accelerate coronary collateral development in ischemic tissues, there are discordant results in clinical studies. Our aim was to investigate the effect of statin therapy, including dosage and duration of treatment, on coronary collateral growth in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. MethodsStudy population consisted of 400 (306 men, with the mean age of 62±10 years) consecutive patients who have undergone clinically indicated coronary angiography and had at least one major coronary artery stenosis of ≥95%. Coronary collaterals were graded from 0 to 3 according to the Cohen–Rentrop method and patients with grade 0–1 collateral development were regarded as having poor collateral and patients with grade 2–3 collateral development were regarded as having good collateral. ResultsAmong 400 patients, 196 (48%) were on statin therapy. Patients with good collateral score were more likely to have stable angina pectoris as clinical presentation (P<0.001), and were on statin therapy (P=0.001), and have multivessel disease (P=0.003). Statin therapy for less than 3 months had no effect on collateral development (P=0.19); however, patients who were on statin therapy for more than 3 months had significantly better collateral development (P=0.002). Statin therapy had no effect on coronary collateral development in patients having <10 mg atorvastatin-equivalent dose (P=0.13); however, patients having ≥10 mg atorvastatin-equivalent dose had better collateral development (P<0.001). Diabetes mellitus was the only negative predictor for coronary collateral formation (P=0.03). On multivariate analysis, stable angina pectoris [odds ratio 2.88, 95% confidence interval (1.8–4.7), P<0.001], statin therapy with ≥10 mg atorvastatin-equivalent dose [odds ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval (1.3–2.6), P<0.001] and having multivessel disease [odds ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval (1.16–3), P=0.01] were found to be associated with rich collateralization. ConclusionStatin therapy (≥10 mg atorvastatin-equivalent dose), stable angina pectoris and having multivessel disease are associated with enhanced coronary collateral development in patients with advanced coronary artery disease.
Mod'ele statistique de chauffage de la couronne solaire calme

La temperature anormalement elevee de la couronne reste un des problemes majeurs de la physique solaire. Toutefois, les observations recentes des satellites SoHO, Yohkoh ou TRACE semblent indiquer que les processus responsables du chauffage des regions fermees se situent dans la basse couronne ou dans la chromosphere, donc proches de la surface solaire, et sont associees 'a la dissipation de couches de courant continu. L'analyse statistique de donnees suggere que les mecanismes de chauffage resulteraient donc de nombreux evenements de dissipation de couches de courant de petite echelle et de faible 'energie, 'a la limite de la resolution des instruments modernes. Nous proposons un modele statistique sur reseau, resultante d'une approche plus physique que la criticalite auto-organisee, constitue d'une source d'energie magnetique de petite echelle et de mecanismes de dissipation des courants, qui peuvent etre associes soit 'a la reconnexion magnetique soit a la resistivite anormale. Les differents types de sources et de mecanismes de dissipation permettent d''etudier leur influence sur les proprietes statistiques du systeme, en particulier sur l''energie dissipee. Dans le but de quantifier ces comportements et de permettre des comparaisons approfondies entres les modeles et les observations, des techniques d'analyse peu utilisees en physique solaire, telles que la decomposition en valeurs singulieres, des entropies, ou la technique de Pearson de classification des densites de probabilite, sont introduites et appliquees a l'etude des proprietaires spatiales et temporelles du modele.
Aurora kinase inhibitor patents and agents in clinical testing: an update (2009 – 10)

Introduction: Mitosis is a key step in the cell cycle and is controlled by several cell cycle regulators, including aurora kinases. Aurora family members A, B and C are essential for spindle assembly, centrosome maturation, chromosomal segregation and cytokinesis. Overexpression/amplification of aurora kinases has been implicated in oncogenic transformation, including the development of chromosomal instability in cancer cells. Hence, the use of aurora kinase small molecule inhibitors as a potential molecular-targeted therapeutic intervention for cancer is being pursued by various researchers. Area covered: This review provides an update on aurora kinase inhibitors based on developments from 2009 to 2010. The medicinal chemistry aspects of aurora kinase inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on the patent literature, are reviewed. Databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Scifinder and www.clinicaltrials. gov database were used to search for literature in the preparation of this review. Expert opinion: Around a dozen aurora kinase inhibitors are currently undergoing various Phase I – II evaluations for different human cancers. Instead of being applied as a monotherapy, combinations of aurora kinase inhibitors and existing chemotherapeutic compounds seem to give better therapeutic outcomes and are, therefore, a promising future cancer therapy.
Why Cloud? - A Review of Cloud Adoption Determinants in Organizations

Adoption of cloud computing in organizations is increasing at a rapid pace. It is expected that the majority of the organizations in industrialized nations will be using cloud services to some extent in the near future. In this review I categorize adoption factors utilized in the literature and identify determinants playing a key role in organizations’ decision to adopt cloud. I analyze both quantitative and qualitative evidence and code relationships between factors and adoption of cloud by systematically reviewing the literature. Findings show underrepresentation of the factors related to organization and external environment in cloud adoption literature. This study contributes a set of determinants of cloud adoption, which serves as a foundation for the future research and advancement of the theories in information systems field.
Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT

Supernova Remnant Observations The sources of the cosmic rays that bombard Earth have been mysterious, but more recent explanations invoke high-energy acceleration of protons by the remnants of stellar explosions. Using the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Abdo et al. (p. 1103, published online 5 January) obtained an image of the supernova remnant W44, which shows associated gamma-ray emissions in the order of gigaelectronvolts, conforming with models indicating local proton and nuclei acceleration. Satellite observations suggest that protons are accelerated in the shell of a supernova remnant. Recent observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) hint that they accelerate cosmic rays to energies close to ~1015 electron volts. However, the nature of the particles that produce the emission remains ambiguous. We report observations of SNR W44 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope at energies between 2 × 108 electron volts and 3 ×1011 electron volts. The detection of a source with a morphology corresponding to the SNR shell implies that the emission is produced by particles accelerated there. The gamma-ray spectrum is well modeled with emission from protons and nuclei. Its steepening above ~109 electron volts provides a probe with which to study how particle acceleration responds to environmental effects such as shock propagation in dense clouds and how accelerated particles are released into interstellar space.
A stabilometric technique for evaluation of lower limb instabilities

Stabilometry is a technique designed to register pos tural equilibrium control. This investigation used a com puterized strain gauge force plate to measure sway movements in the frontal plane with the patient standing on one leg. Fifty-five young healthy individuals were studied as a reference group and to determine the reproducibility of the method. The clinical population consisted of 14 patients with unilateral injuries to the lateral ligaments of the ankle. These were measured, both with and without an ankle brace. The different parameters used to describe the body sway could well discriminate between the injured and the uninjured leg. When the brace was used the effect was obvious and none of the parameters showed any significant differ ence compared to the uninjured leg.
Biochemical composition is not the main factor influencing variability in carbon isotope composition of tree rings.

From June to December, we determined the effects of variations in biochemical composition on delta(13)C of tree rings of 2-year-old oaks (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. ) growing under semi-natural conditions, and the dependence of these effects of water stress during the growth season. Percent abundance, carbon concentration and delta(13)C were measured in holocellulose, lignin, extractive-free wood, starch and a water-soluble fraction. Relative concentrations of lignin and holocellulose in the extractive-free wood varied little during the season or in response to water stress, indicating that these compounds could not quantitatively explain the variations in whole-wood delta(13)C. Among all sampled tree rings, the relative concentration of each structural compound (holocellulose and lignin) accounted for less than 5% of the delta(13)C variability in whole wood. Variations in holocellulose and extractive-free wood delta(13)C between tree rings were almost identical (r > 0.95), whereas variations in lignin delta(13)C were less well correlated to these compounds. Whole-wood delta(13)C had a slightly altered isotopic signal compared with that of the structural compounds because of the presence of the extractive component. These results showed that variations in lignin delta(13)C and lignin concentration have little influence on extractive-free wood delta(13)C and whole-wood delta(13)C. Rather, holocellulose influences delta(13)C the most. Thus, we confirmed that, for climatic reconstruction from tree rings, removal of extractives by soxhlet is generally sufficient and sometimes unnecessary. Our findings also indicate that, in the case of rapid and severe water stress, the structural component did not accurately record the associated increase in delta(13)C because of dilution with previously formed organic matter and cessation of trunk growth. The effect of drought on carbon isotope ratios was more pronounced in the extractive compounds, making them good water stress indicators but only on a scale of days to months.
Immunologic variables in normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to establish if pregnancy belongs to pathological situations, if it changes SIL-2R, sCD4 and sCD8 levels, and to verify if these levels have a prognostic value in the evaluation of pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy were studied. Ten of them had a normal evolution of pregnancy, ten had a threatened abortion with a bad outcome, and ten had an ectopic pregnancy. We determined SIL-2R, sCD4, and sCD8 levels in the serum and in the amniotic fluid in 10 pregnant women in their second trimester, and in 10 healthy women without pregnancy (control group). RESULTS We found that (a) 50% of the pregnant women in their first trimester had abnormal SIL-2R values, and 90% had abnormal sCD8 values; (b) 9/10 women with threatened abortion and bad outcome had abnormal SIL-2R values; (c) SIL-2R levels were significantly higher in the amniotic fluid than in the serum (P <.001). CONCLUSION Our results sustain the opinion that pregnancy must be included among those situations that increase SIL-2R, sCD4, and sCD8 levels. SIL-2R levels greater than 1,300 U/mL carried a bad prognosis in the evolution of pregnancy.