Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults.

BACKGROUND Problematic Internet use or excessive Internet use is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behaviors regarding computer use, and Internet access that leads to impairment or distress. Cross-sectional studies on samples of patients reported high comorbidity of Internet addiction with psychiatric disorders, especially affective disorders (including depression), anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. METHODS We have investigated the association between Internet addiction and social anxiety in 2 samples of 120 university students (60 males and 60 females in each sample). RESULTS We found a correlation between Internet addiction and social anxiety in the 2 samples (r=0.411, P<.001; r=0.342, P<.01) respectively. Secondly, we found no difference between males and females on the level of Internet addiction. Thirdly, we did not find a preference for social networks among participants with high levels of social anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study support previous evidence for co-occurrence of Internet addiction and social anxiety, but further studies need to clarify this association.
Recruitment Maneuvers Modulate Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Response According to Acute Lung Injury Etiology*

Objective:To investigate the effects of the rate of increase in airway pressure and duration of lung recruitment maneuvers in experimental pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute lung injury. Design:Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. Settings:University research laboratory. Subjects:Fifty adult male Wistar rats. Interventions:Acute lung injury was induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide either intratracheally (pulmonary acute lung injury) or intraperitoneally (extrapulmonary acute lung injury). After 24 hours, animals were assigned to one of three different recruitment maneuvers, targeted to maximal airway pressure of 30 cm H2O: 1) continuous positive airway pressure for 30 seconds (CPAP-30); 2) stepwise airway pressure increase (5 cm H2O/step, 8.5 s at each step) over 51 seconds (STEP-51) to achieve a pressure-time product similar to that of CPAP-30; and 3) stepwise airway pressure increase (5 cm H2O/step, 5 s at each step) over 30 seconds with maximum pressure sustained for a further 30 seconds (STEP-30/30). Measurements and Main Results:All recruitment maneuvers reduced static lung elastance independent of acute lung injury etiology. In pulmonary acute lung injury, CPAP-30 yielded lower surfactant protein-B and higher type III procollagen expressions compared with STEP-30/30. In extrapulmonary acute lung injury, CPAP-30 and STEP-30/30 increased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, but the type of recruitment maneuver did not influence messenger ribonucleic acid expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products, surfactant protein-B, type III procollagen, and pro-caspase 3. Conclusions:CPAP-30 worsened markers of potential epithelial cell damage in pulmonary acute lung injury, whereas both CPAP-30 and STEP-30/30 yielded endothelial injury in extrapulmonary acute lung injury. In both acute lung injury groups, recruitment maneuvers improved respiratory mechanics, but stepwise recruitment maneuver without sustained airway pressure appeared to associate with less biological impact on lungs.
Spironolactone inhibits production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ, and has potential in the treatment of arthritis

Evidence suggests that spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, has effects on many cell types independent of its binding to cytosolic mineralocorticoid receptors. We tested the effects of spironolactone on ex vivo‐activated human blood leucocytes using gene expression analyses (GeneChip®, 12 000 genes) and enzyme immunoassay for quantitating secreted pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of spironolactone as an anti‐inflammatory drug 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or other arthritides were treated for up to 22 months with 1–3 mg/kg/day. Spironolactone, at in vivo attainable doses, markedly suppressed transcription of several proinflammatory cytokines and, accordingly, inhibited release of tumour necrosis factor, lymphotoxin, interferon‐γ, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin 6 (70–90% inhibition). Release of these cytokines was also suppressed when testing whole blood from RA patients receiving 50 mg spironolactone twice daily, indicating that pharmaceutical use of the drug may suppress the release of inflammatory cytokines. Spironolactone therapy was generally well tolerated, although treatment had to be stopped in two adults on concomitant methotrexate therapy. Sixteen patients (76%) responded favourably. American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR)20 or better was achieved in six of nine RA patients; four reached ACR70. Eight of nine JIA patients improved. In conclusion, spironolactone inhibits production of several proinflammatory cytokines considered to be of pathogenic importance in many immunoinflammatory diseases and shows positive effect in patients with chronic arthritis. Its effect as an anti‐inflammatory drug should be explored, because prolonged spironolactone therapy is reasonably safe and economically attractive compared with many modern anti‐inflammatory therapies.
Brain Scanning and Lie Detectors: The Implications for Fundamental Defence Rights

This paper will explore how the use of neuroscientific technology to identify deception may impact on the human rights of the accused. The particular focus of the paper centres on accused persons in England and Wales. However, in order to understand the ramifications of using the technology, the paper explores the use of neuroscience in criminal proceedings from a number of international jurisdictions. To begin, the paper outlines the potential issues with the admissibility of such evidence at the trial stage. The paper transitions to a wide exploration of the use of brain based lie detection in an international context. The paper argues that if the stringent rules of admissibility could be satisfied, the use of such technology would fundamentally weaken core human rights; in particular, the right to legal advice under Article 6, interwoven with this is the presumption of innocence and privilege against self-incrimination. Furthermore, using the evidence may have the propensity to usurp the jury from its traditional domain of fact judging and tester to credibility. Research evidence suggests that juries place an inordinate amount of weight on the fMRI lie detection and may actually deprive the juror of their primary role of judging facts. The paper concludes by acknowledging the growing quest for an efficient criminal trial in England and Wales. As such the desire to detect deception efficiently is very attractive and could assist the courts in satisfying the overriding objective of the Criminal Procedure Rules to ‘deal with cases justly’. However, allow such techniques to detect deception pose grave concerns for adversarial criminal justice.
Data, Dialogue, and Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges for “Open Government” in Canada

In a rapidly evolving online environment where the inter-relationship between information and innovation is evolving from primarily closed and inward structures to much more open and networked governance arrangements, the public sector faces growing pressures and new opportunities to reform and adapt. Open data and big data are now widely embraced initiatives to spur innovation both inside of and outside of the public sector. Their capacity to foster innovation is nonetheless shaped by critical tensions between traditional government structures and culture on the one hand and more open and participative notions of governance on the other hand. Within such a context, this article examines the current Government of Canada Open Government Action Plan and its three main dimensions: information, data, and dialogue. The analysis reveals that despite some progress in the realm of open data, information and dialogue are constrained by the aforementioned tensions and the need for wider reforms to various architectural facets of the public sector – administratively, technologically, politically, and socially. Across each of these layers, we consider the sorts of wider reforms required in order to facilitate systemic innovation within the government and across sectors.
Effect of Schistosoma mansoni Infection on Innate and HIV-1-Specific T-Cell Immune Responses in HIV-1-Infected Ugandan Fisher Folk

Abstract In Uganda, fisher folk have HIV prevalence rates, about four times higher than the national average, and are often coinfected with Schistosoma mansoni. We hypothesized that innate immune responses and HIV-specific Th1 immune responses might be downmodulated in HIV/S. mansoni-coinfected individuals compared with HIV+/S. mansoni-negative individuals. We stimulated whole blood with innate receptor agonists and analyzed supernatant cytokines by Luminex. We evaluated HIV-specific responses by intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. We found that the plasma viral load and CD4 count were similar between the HIV+SM+ and HIV+SM− individuals. In addition, the TNF-α response to the imidazoquinoline compound CL097 and β-1, 3-glucan (curdlan), was significantly higher in HIV/S. mansoni-coinfected individuals compared with HIV only-infected individuals. The frequency of HIV-specific IFN-γ+IL-2–TNF-α− CD8 T cells and IFN-γ+IL-2–TNF-α+ CD4 T cells was significantly higher in HIV/S. mansoni-coinfected individuals compared with HIV only-infected individuals. These findings do not support the hypothesis that S. mansoni downmodulates innate or HIV-specific Th1 responses in HIV/S. mansoni-coinfected individuals.
Impact of Prodromal Symptoms on Future Adverse Cardiac-Related Events: A Systematic Review

Background:Recognition of specific and nonspecific cardiac-related prodromal symptoms, indicative of myocardial ischemia, is critical for preemptive coronary heart disease (CHD) screening and effective diagnosis and treatment. In this systematic review, we examined whether prodromal symptoms were predictive of acute symptom presentations, cardiac events, or treatment interventions. Methods:Studies that measured the association of prodromal symptoms with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) symptom presentation, acute cardiac event, and/or intervention in men and/or women with confirmed CHD were included. Data sources: Electronic searches in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsyhINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus databases from 1990 to 2013 were conducted using medical subject heading terms including prodromal symptoms, ACS, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and CHD.Key words such as shortness of breath, anxiety, atypical pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting were also used. Abstracts, relevant journals, key authors, and reference lists were reviewed. Results:Seven studies that included 6716 individuals with prodromal symptoms (65.7% women). Mean age was 68 ± 13 and 58.5 ± 9 years for women and men, respectively. Cardiac-related prodromal symptoms were predictive of patients’ ACS-related symptoms and associated events from 3 to 24 months. Across studies, the prodromal symptoms consistently reported before cardiac event were chest discomfort/pain (n = 4, 57%), arm pain/discomfort (n = 6, 86%), jaw pain (n = 3, 43%), back/shoulder blade pain (n = 3, 43%), unusual fatigue (n = 7, 100%), shortness of breath (n = 6, 86%), sleep disturbance (n = 2, 29%), dizziness (n = 3, 43%), headache (n = 3, 43%), anxiety (n = 7, 100%), and gastrointestinal complaints (nausea, vomiting, indigestion; n = 5, 71%). Patients with prodromal arm, jaw, and back pain; fatigue; and shortness of breath had increased risk of experiencing similar symptoms during an ACS episode. Prodromal symptoms were predictive of adverse cardiac events and cardiac interventions. There is some preliminary evidence to suggest that prodromal symptoms of headache, sleep disturbance, and anxiety may predict ACS symptom presentation during an acute cardiac event. Conclusion:Future research is warranted that would examine prospectively the predictive value of prodromal headache, sleep disturbance, and anxiety within this cardiovascular population on major adverse cardiac events. Preemptive screening for cardiac-related prodromal symptoms in men and women should be considered as a standard in clinical practice. This may potentiate early diagnosis, effective risk modification, timely pain management, and treatment intervention and decrease CHD-related morbidity and mortality.
Development and Survivorship of Immature Angoumois Grain Moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Stored Corn

Abstract Life history of immature Angoumois grain moths, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), was studied on dent corn (Pioneer 3320) at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C and at 43, 53–61, 75–76, and 82–87% RH under laboratory conditions. At 10 and 40°C, none of the stages survived at any relative humidity. Temperature was the main factor affecting egg incubation period, larval-pupal development time, and egg and larval-pupal survivorship. The shortest egg development times occurred at temperatures of 30°C and higher, but they increased sharply as temperature decreased. Larval-pupal development time was shortest at 30°C. Survivorship was optimal at 20–30°C for eggs and larvae-pupae, but larval-pupal survivorship decreased sharply at 15 and 35°C. Duration of larval-pupal development did not vary with sex. Newly emerged females were twofold heavier than males, and temperature and relative humidity did not affect weight. Sex ratio of emerging adults did not differ from 1:1 at any temperature or relative humidity. The optimum conditions for development of Angoumois grain moth on corn were 30°C and 75% RH. The data will be useful for determining safe storage conditions for corn and for developing a computer model for simulating population dynamics of immature S. cerealella.
Exploring heterogeneous algorithms for accelerating deep convolutional neural networks on FPGAs

Convolutional neural network (CNN) finds applications in a variety of computer vision applications ranging from object recognition and detection to scene understanding owing to its exceptional accuracy. There exist different algorithms for CNNs computation. In this paper, we explore conventional convolution algorithm with a faster algorithm using Winograd's minimal filtering theory for efficient FPGA implementation. Distinct from the conventional convolution algorithm, Winograd algorithm uses less computing resources but puts more pressure on the memory bandwidth. We first propose a fusion architecture that can fuse multiple layers naturally in CNNs, reusing the intermediate data. Based on this fusion architecture, we explore heterogeneous algorithms to maximize the throughput of a CNN. We design an optimal algorithm to determine the fusion and algorithm strategy for each layer. We also develop an automated toolchain to ease the mapping from Caffe model to FPGA bitstream using Vivado HLS. Experiments using widely used VGG and AlexNet demonstrate that our design achieves up to 1.99× performance speedup compared to the prior fusion-based FPGA accelerator for CNNs.
A comparative study of proximal hindlimb flexion in horses: 5 versus 60 seconds.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The flexion test is routinely used in lameness and prepurchase examinations. There is no accepted standard for duration of flexion or evidence that interpretation of results would differ with different durations of flexion. HYPOTHESIS There will be no difference in interpretation of proximal hindlimb flexion for 5 or 60 s. METHODS Video recordings of lameness examinations of 34 client-owned horses were performed that included: baseline lameness, proximal hindlimb flexion for 60 s, and flexion of the same limb for 5 s. Videos were edited to blind reviewers to the hypothesis being tested. The baseline lameness video from each horse was paired with each flexion to make 2 pairs of videos for each case. Twenty video pairs were repeated to assess intraobserver repeatability. Fifteen experienced equine clinicians were asked to review the baseline lameness video followed by the flexion test and grade the response to flexion as either positive or negative. Potential associations between the duration of flexion and the likelihood of a positive flexion test were evaluated using generalised linear mixed models. A kappa value was calculated to assess the degree of intraobserver agreement on the repeated videos. Significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS Proximal hindlimb flexion of 60 s was more likely to be called positive than flexion of 5 s (P<0.0001), with the likelihood of the same interpretation 74% of the time. The first flexion performed was more likely to be called positive than subsequent flexions (P = 0.029). Intra-assessor agreement averaged 75% with κ= 0.49. CONCLUSIONS Proximal hindlimb flexion of a limb for 5 s does not yield the same result as flexing a limb for 60 s. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Shorter durations of flexion may be useful for clinicians that have good agreement with flexions of 5 and 60 s.
Risk Factors and Imaging Characteristics of Childhood Stroke in China

There are scarce reports of childhood stroke from China. Our objective was to describe the clinical spectrum, risk factors, and imaging characteristics of childhood stroke in China. Using a hospital discharge database, children with stroke who were first admitted from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively enrolled. We identified 478 first admissions with childhood stroke, including 229 cases of ischemic stroke and 249 hemorrhagic stroke. Boys accounted for more than 60% in all stroke types (62.2% for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage for 66.2%). The leading cause was moyamoya for ischemic stroke and arteriovenous malformations for intracerebral hemorrhage. Hemiplegia and headache were the most common presenting features. Internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery were the most involved arteries according to imaging examination in the ischemic stroke. A total of 8 patients died of intracerebral hemorrhage. The prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke was more than that of ischemic stroke. As Western countries, arteriopathy was the most common cause of childhood stroke.
Image retrieval using sketched image on multimedia networks: new criteria for designing new type of TV sets

Image retrieval from distributed image servers using a sketched image was confirmed to be superior to that using keywords. In accordance with experimental and analytical studies of electronic encyclopedias, the total processing time of the image retrieval using a sketched image was much shorter than that of the image retrieval using keywords, and the volume of data required for the image retrieval using a sketched image was much smaller than that for the image retrieval using keywords. Even if not familiar with English, the user can easily access the desired image databases using the sketched image at high speed. It is very important that image retrieval using a sketched image is not restricted by the user ages, knowledge, and languages since the user can easily access the image databases from terminals without keyboards. The concept of image retrieval using a sketched image will provide a new criteria for designing a new type of TV set. This new type of TV set, containing multimedia user terminal functions as well as the conventional TV receiver functions, is proposed based on the results of the image retrieval using a sketched image.
Teaching and Learning: Whose Computer Is It?

161 Editor’s Message When we invite young people to use new t echnologies, they often take them in directions we never anticipated. This unce rtainty is what makes new tools and media fascinating and frightening. In the United States, groups as diverse as Computer Professionals for Social Responsib ility, the Motley Fool investment advisory, and the Church of Scientology recogni ze this in their use of the phrase, “the good, the bad, and the Internet. ” One consequence of uncertainty is that peo ple become cautious. We see this in the tendency to use new technologies fir st in ways that replicate old practices. Thus, early television sets looked the way rad ios looked, and our computer desktops look like the desktops they purportedly rep lace. Another consequence is that we seek to retain control—to ensure that we d ecide whether, where, when, and how the new technology is employed. In the classroom, these tendencies can m ean that teachers often see the computer as a tool to help them do their w ork, and they are uneasy about what students might do with it. As a result, stud ents are limited in the range of things they can do with new technologies. There is nothing wrong with taking advantage of the ways that technology can aid t eaching, but a focus on teaching per se can limit what learning can occur. This month, Yong Zhao, Sophia Hueyshan Tan, and Punyashloke Mishra of Michigan S tate University tell us about an innovative program that opens up possibilities for young people as the primary users of the computer.
Role of melatonin in photoperiodic time measurement in the migratory redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruniceps) and the nonmigratory Indian weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus).

In the present study, we asked the question whether physiological responses to day length of migratory redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruniceps) and nonmigratory Indian weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus) are mediated by the daily rhythm of melatonin. Melatonin was given either by injection at certain times of the day or as an implant. In series I experiments on the redheaded bunting, melatonin was administered by subcutaneous injections daily at zeitgeber time (ZT) 4 (morning) or ZT10 (evening) and by silastic capsules in photosensitive unstimulated buntings that were held in natural day lengths (NDL) at 27 degrees N beginning from mid February, and in artificial day lengths (ADL, 12L:12D and 14L:10D). Melatonin did not affect the photoperiod-induced cycles of gain and loss in body mass and testicular growth-involution, but there was an effect on temporal phasing of the growth-involution cycle of testes in some groups. For example, the rate of testicular growth and development was faster in birds that received melatonin injection at ZT4 in NDL, and was slower in birds that carried melatonin implants both in NDL and ADL. In series II experiments on Indian weaver birds, melatonin was given in silastic capsules in the first week of September when they still had large gonads. Birds were exposed for 12 weeks to short day length (8L:16D; group 1), to long day length (eight weeks of 16L:8D and four weeks of 18L:6D; group 2), or to both short and long day lengths (four weeks each of 8L:16D, 16L:8D, and 18L:6D; groups 3 and 4). Whereas groups 1 to 3 carried melatonin or empty implant from the beginning, group 4 received one after four weeks. All birds underwent testicular regression during the first four weeks irrespective of the photoperiod they were exposed to or the implant they carried in, and there was a slight re-initiation of testis growth in some birds during the next eight weeks of long day lengths. However, with the exception of group 2, there was no difference in mean testis volume during the period of experiment between the melatonin- and empty-implant birds. The data on androgen-dependent beak color also supported the observations on testes. Together, these results do not support the idea that the daily rhythm of melatonin is involved in the photoperiodic time measurement in birds. However, there may still be a role of melatonin in temporal phasing of the annual reproductive cycle in birds.