Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Binge Eating Disorder Criteria: Results of a National Survey of Healthcare Providers.

PURPOSE To determine whether general healthcare providers and adult psychiatrists recognized binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms and features. The aims were to examine how they delineated the core criteria of BED-eating a large amount of food and sense of loss of control over eating-and how their evaluations compared to ratings by BED experts. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study of a nationwide U.S. sample of healthcare providers and a convenience sample of BED experts. METHODS Providers were mailed surveys that asked respondents about their perceptions of a large amount of food and whether they thought case vignettes met thresholds for loss of control. Participants were also asked to select BED diagnostic criteria from a symptom list. Results were analyzed using one-way analyses of variance with post-hoc comparisons and chi-squared tests. FINDINGS The survey was completed by 405 healthcare providers (response rate of 28.4%). Ratings of a large amount of food did not differ between BED experts and general healthcare providers (p = .10) or psychiatrists (p = .90). Provider groups did not differ significantly on whether five of the six vignettes met thresholds for loss of control (p > .05). Of the respondents, 93.0% of general healthcare providers and 88.6% of psychiatrists could not correctly identify the diagnostic criteria for BED. CONCLUSIONS Across provider groups, demarcation of a large amount of food and loss of control over eating were relatively consistent. However, general healthcare providers and psychiatrists were not able to correctly identify BED symptoms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Training and education are greatly needed to improve knowledge of the diagnostic criteria for BED.
Tri-Tek (Petroleum Horticultural Oil) and Beauveria bassiana: Use in Eradication Strategies for Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean Species in UK Glasshouses

The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a pest of global importance on both outdoor and glasshouse crops. To date, B. tabaci has not become established in the UK. The UK holds Protected Zone status against this pest and, as a result, B. tabaci entering on plant material is subjected to a policy of eradication. Mediterranean species is now the most prevalent Bemisia species entering the UK. Increasing neonicotinoid resistance is becoming increasingly widespread and problematic with this species. As a result, this continues to pose problems for eradication strategies. The current study investigates the efficacy of Tri-Tek (a petroleum horticultural oil awaiting UK registration) and the fungus Beauveria bassiana to act as control agents against Mediterranean species in UK glasshouses. Tri-Tek provided 100% egg mortality compared to 74% for B. bassiana. When tested against second instar larvae, mortalities of 69% and 65% respectively were achieved. Both products can be successfully “tank-mixed”. A tank-mix application provided 95.5% mortality of second instar larvae under glasshouse conditions. The potential integration of both products into current Bemisia eradication strategies in UK glasshouses is discussed.
Estrogen Receptor Subtype– and Promoter-Specific Modulation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor–Dependent Transcription

In this study, we examined the role of estrogen receptors (ER) in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)–dependent transactivation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that AHR agonists differentially induced recruitment of ERα to the AHR target genes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Cotreatment with 17β-estradiol significantly increased β-naphthoflavone (BNF)– and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin–induced recruitment of ERα to CYP1A1, whereas 3,3′-diindolylmethane induced promoter occupancy of ERα at CYP1A1 that was unaffected by cotreatment with 17β-estradiol. Cyclical recruitment of AHR and ERα to CYP1A1 was only observed in cells treated with BNF. Stable and subtype-specific knockdown of ERα or ERβ using shRNA showed that suppression of ERα significantly reduced, whereas knockdown of ERβ significantly enhanced, AHR agonist–induced Cyp1a1 expression in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells. AHR agonist–induced Cyp1b1 expression was reduced by ERβ knockdown but unaffected by ERα knockdown. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERα in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells did not affect 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin–dependent regulation of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression. In agreement with our in vitro findings in the HC11 cells, ERα knockout mice exhibit reduced BNF-dependent induction of Cyp1a1 mRNA. These results establish ligand- and promoter-specific influences on the cyclical recruitment patterns for AHR and show ER species-, subtype-, and promoter-specific modulation of AHR-dependent transcription. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(6):977–86)
Perspectives of beneficiaries, health service providers, and community members on a maternal and child health conditional cash transfer pilot programme in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Our paper presents experiences and perceptions of beneficiaries, health service providers, and community members about a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme piloted in Nigeria from April 2013 to May 2015 to boost demand for maternal, newborn, and child health services. METHODS We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Personal interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted between June and July 2015 for 314 CCT beneficiaries, 72 ward development committee (WDC) members, and 60 service providers (midwives, community health extension workers [CHEWs], and village health workers [VHWs]) including 29 officers-in-charge as key informants. Content analysis was applied to qualitative findings and grouped into themes of attitude, practices, CCT operations, payout, and perceived impact. RESULTS Over 97% of beneficiaries affirmed that the cash incentive was very helpful and almost 70% opined that the free supply-side services were the real benefit. Majority of service providers applauded the programme though, with complaints about the increased workload. Community members applauded the scheme, with mixed feelings over some operational processes. CONCLUSION Beneficiaries, service providers, and community members expressed deep satisfaction with the CCT programme and opined that antenatal care (ANC) and skilled birth delivery service utilization increased. Insights into some programmatic challenges are provided to enrich future CCT design and implementation.
Retrospective efficacy analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer

Treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) leads to initial response in most patients with EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In contrast, little is known of the subpopulation of patients with NSCLC with EGFR mutations who exhibit clinical outcomes that require treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, to identify eligible cases to treat with ICIs, we retrospectively analyzed the correlation between clinical features and the efficacy of ICIs in patients with EGFR mutations.
Combined liver–kidney transplantation versus liver transplant alone based on KDIGO stratification of estimated glomerular filtration rate: data from the United Kingdom Transplant registry – a retrospective cohort study

Patient selection for combined liver–kidney transplantation (CLKT) is a current issue on the background of organ shortage. This study aimed to compare outcomes and post‐transplant renal function for patients receiving CLKT and liver transplantation alone (LTA) based on native renal function using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) stratification. Using the UK National transplant database (NHSBT) 6035 patients receiving a LTA (N = 5912; 98%) or CLKT (N = 123; 2%) [2001–2013] were analysed, and stratified by KDIGO stages of eGFR at transplant (eGFR group‐strata). There was no difference in patient/graft survival between LTA and CLKT in eGFR group‐strata (P > 0.05). Of 377 patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) at time of transplantation, 305 (81%) and 72 (19%) patients received LTA and CLKT respectively. A significantly greater proportion of CLKT patients had severe end‐stage renal disease (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2) at 1 year post‐transplant compared to LTA (9.5% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.001). Patient and graft survival benefit for patients on RRT at transplantation was favouring CLKT versus LTA (P = 0.038 and P = 0.018, respectively) but the renal function of the long‐term survivors was not superior following CLKT. The data does not support CLKT approach based on eGFR alone, and the advantage of CLKT appear to benefit only those who are on established RRT at the time of transplant.
Narrative storytelling as both an advocacy tool and a therapeutic process: Perspectives of adult storytellers with acquired brain injury

ABSTRACT As part of a larger study exploring narrative storytelling, this paper focuses upon the experiences of eight adults with ABI who had participated in storytelling workshops facilitated by an advocacy organization. Following participation in the storytelling workshops, each storyteller was interviewed twice, with three shorter interviews conducted with one participant with significant communication challenges. In total, 25 interview transcripts (17 interviews plus eight transcripts of produced personal narratives) were analysed using constructivist grounded theory methods. Data analysis produced two main themes and sub-themes; (1) Sharing and helping (feeling heard & releasing emotions) and, (2) Re-visiting my story (reflecting and learning). The themes capture insights into the process of storytelling and reveal the therapeutic potential of narrative storytelling when coupled with an altruistic opportunity to help others through story sharing. This study contributes to an emerging area of research and practice supporting positive identity growth following ABI. The findings present substantial implications for goal setting and meaningful productive engagement in brain injury rehabilitation.
Effects of Acute Stretching Exercise and Training on Heart Rate Variability: A Review.

Wong, A and Figueroa, A. Effects of acute stretching exercise and training on heart rate variability: A review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Stretching (ST), an exercise modality widely used for flexibility improvement, has been recently proposed as an effective adjunct therapy for declines in cardiovascular health, warranting research into the effects of ST exercise on cardiac autonomic function (CAF). Heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is a reliable measure of CAF, mainly the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations of HR. A low HRV has been associated to increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Exercise interventions that enhance HRV are therefore seen as beneficial to cardiovascular health and are sought after. In this review, we discuss the effect of ST both acute and training on HRV. Stretching training seems to be a useful therapeutic intervention to improve CAF in different populations. Although the mechanisms by which ST training improves CAF are not yet well understood; increases in baroreflex sensitivity, relaxation, and nitric oxide bioavailability seem to play an important role.
Treatment of Reperfused Ischemia with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in a Preclinical Swine Model of Myocardial Infarction

The aim of the study was to determine the long-term effect of transplantation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) in a preclinical model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). I/R was induced in 28 Goettingen minipigs by 120 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Nine days later, surviving animals were allocated to receive transendocardial injection of a mean of 213.6 ± 41.78 million green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing ADSCs (n = 7) or culture medium as control (n = 9). Heart function, cell engraftment, and histological analysis were performed 3 months after transplantation. Transplantation of ADSCs induced a statistically significant long-lasting (3 months) improvement in cardiac function and geometry in comparison with control animals. Functional improvement was associated with an increase in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis and a positive effect on heart remodeling with a decrease in fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy in animals treated with ADSCs. Despite the lack of cell engraftment after 3 months, ADSC transplantation induced changes in the ratio between MMP/TIMP. Our results indicate that transplantation of ADSCs, despite the lack of long-term significant cell engraftment, increases vessel density and prevents adverse remodeling in a clinically relevant model of myocardial infarction, strongly suggesting a paracrine-mediated effect. ADSCs thus constitute an attractive candidate for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
No pain, no gain: cross-lagged analyses of posttraumatic growth and anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress and prolonged grief symptoms after loss

ABSTRACT Background and objectives: Major negative life-events including bereavement can precipitate perceived positive life-changes, termed posttraumatic growth (PTG). While traditionally considered an adaptive phenomenon, it has been suggested that PTG represents a maladaptive coping response similar to cognitive avoidance. To clarify the function of PTG, it is crucial to establish concurrent and longitudinal associations of PTG with post-event mental health problems. Yet, longitudinal studies on this topic are scarce. The present study fills this gap in knowledge. Design: A two-wave longitudinal survey was conducted. Methods: Four-hundred and twelve bereaved adults (87.6% women) filled out scales assessing PTG and symptoms of depression, anxiety, prolonged grief, and posttraumatic stress at baseline and 6 months later. Results: The baseline concurrent relationships between all symptom levels and PTG were curvilinear (inverted U-shape). Cross-lagged analyses demonstrated that symptom levels did not predict levels of PTG 6 months later, or vice versa. Conclusions: Findings suggest PTG after loss has no substantive negative or positive effects on mental health. Development of specific treatments to increase PTG after bereavement therefore appears premature.
Jowl Reduction With Deoxycholic Acid.

BACKGROUND The study proposes a novel protocol for targeting the jowls using deoxycholic acid (DCA) injections, with emphasis on safety and feasibility of the procedure. METHODS This prospective study was conducted at a cosmetic practice between June 2016 and May 2017. Twelve consecutive patients seeking reduction/improvement in mild/moderate jowl fat were injected with DCA subcutaneously in a predefined circular area 1.0 cm above the mandibular border. Treatment response was assessed using physician-evaluated Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Subject GAIS. RESULTS Twelve patients (11 women and 1 man) with mild (n = 8) or moderate (n = 4) jowls were treated. After the first treatment, GAIS responses for 24 jowls showed 5 jowls with vast improvement, 15 with moderate improvement, and 4 with no change. After the second session for 5 jowls in 3 patients, GAIS responses showed vast improvement in 4 jowls and moderate improvement in 1. Adverse events included induration (n = 4), bruising (n = 6), numbness (n = 2), pain (n = 5), redness (n = 3), edema (n = 9), and dysphagia (n = 1). CONCLUSION Results of this early experience showed that DCA injections were safe and effective for nonsurgical jowl reduction.
Touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers: Towards a new principle for sensory feedback in hand prostheses.

OBJECTIVE Currently available hand prostheses lack sensory feedback. A "phantom hand map", a referred sensation, on the skin of the residual arm is a possible target to provide amputees with non-invasive somatotopically matched sensory feedback. How-ever, not all amputees experience a phantom hand map. The aim of this study was to explore whether touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers. DESIGN A longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS A total of 31 able-bodied individuals. METHODS A "tactile display" was developed consisting of 5 servo motors, which provided the user with mechanotactile stimulus. Predefined pressure points on the volar aspect of the forearm were stimulated during a 2-week structured training period. RESULTS Agreement between the stimulated areas and the subjects' ability to discriminate the stimulation was high, with a distinct improvement up to the third training occasion, after which the kappa score stabilized for the rest of the period. CONCLUSION It is possible to associate touch on intact skin on the forearm with specific fingers after a structured training period, and the effect persisted after 2 weeks. These results may be of importance for the development of non-invasive sensory feedback systems in hand prostheses.
Management of Bleeding With Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in the Era of Specific Reversal Agents

Vitamin K antagonists are commonly used by clinicians to provide anticoagulation to patients who have or are at risk of having thrombotic events. In addition to familiarity with the dosing and monitoring of vitamin K antagonists, clinicians are accustomed to using vitamin K if there is a need to reverse the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists. There are now 4 new non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) that are attractive alternatives to vitamin K antagonists. Despite similar or lower rates of serious bleeding with NOACs in comparison with warfarin, there is a pressing need for strategies to manage bleeding when it does occur with NOACs and to reverse the pharmacological effect of these agents if needed. Important steps in minimizing bleeding risks with NOACs include dose adjustment of the agents in the setting of renal dysfunction and avoidance of the concomitant use of other antithrombotic agents if feasible. Laboratory measurement of the anticoagulant effect of NOACs is best accomplished with specialized assays, although some of the more widely available coagulation tests can provide information that is potentially useful to clinicians. Nonspecific hemostatic agents such as prothrombin complex concentrates and recombinant factor VIIa can be used to reverse the effect of NOACs. More specific reversing agents include the approved humanized monoclonal antibody fragment idarucizumab for reversing the effects of dabigatran, the investigational factor Xa decoy andexanet alfa, and the synthetic small molecule ciraparantag. Both andexanet and ciraparantag have been reported to reverse the effects of the anti-Xa NOACs (rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban), and a number of other anticoagulant agents in common clinical use, as well.
Body fat estimates from bioelectrical impedance equations in cardiovascular risk assessment: The PREVEND cohort study

Aims To investigate prospectively the association of body fat percentage (BF%) estimates using various equations from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with cardiovascular events, compared with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Methods and results We used data of 34 BIA-BF%-equations that were used for estimation of BF% in 6486 (men = 3194, women = 3294) subjects. During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 510 (7.9%) cardiovascular events (363 in men; 147 in women) occurred. In men, the crude hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for BF% from the best predicting BIA-BF%-equation was 3.97 (3.30–4.78) against 2.13 (1.85–2.45) for BF% from the BIA device's BIA-BF%-equation, 1.34 (1.20–1.49) for BMI and 1.49 (1.40–1.73) for waist circumference per log-1-SD increase of all. In women, the hazard ratios for best predicting BIA-BF%-equation, BIA device estimation, BMI and waist circumference were 3.80 (2.85–4.99), 1.89 (1.57–2.28), 1.35 (1.21–1.51) and 1.52 (1.31–1.75), respectively. After adjustments for age, Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score and creatinine excretion – a marker of muscle mass – BF%s and BMI remained independently associated with cardiovascular events in both men and women, while waist circumference was independently associated with cardiovascular events in men, but not in women. According to discrimination ability (C-index) and additive predictive value (net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index) on obesity measures to the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score, BF% was superior to BMI and waist circumference in both men and women. Conclusions BF% was independently associated with future cardiovascular events. Body fat estimates from the best-predicting BIA-BF%-equations can be a more predictive measurement in cardiovascular risk assessment than BMI or waist circumference.
The Changing Prevalence of Lower Airway Infections in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis.

RATIONALE Historical studies suggest that airway infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) initiates with Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae with later emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aspergillus species are regarded as relatively infrequent, late occurring infections. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and change in prevalence of early lower airway infections in a modern cohort of children with CF. METHODS All infants diagnosed with CF after newborn screening, participating in the AREST-CF cohort study between 2000-2018, were included. Participants prospectively underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at 3-6 months,1 year and annually up to 6 years of age. Lower airway infection prevalence was described. Changes in prevalence patterns were assessed longitudinally using generalized estimating equations controlling for age and repeated visits. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 380 infants underwent 1,759 BALs. The overall prevalence and median age of first acquisition of the most common infections were: S. aureus 11%, 2.5yrs, P. aeruginosa 8%, 2.4yrs, Aspergillus species 11%, 3.2yrs, H. influenzae 9%, 3.1yrs. During the study, a significant decrease in prevalence of P. aeruginosa (p<0.001) and S. aureus (p<0.001) was observed with significant change towards more aggressive treatment. Prevalence of Aspergillus infections did not significantly change (p=0.669). CONCLUSION Aspergillus species and P. aeruginosa are commonly present in the lower airways from infancy. The decrease in prevalence of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus since 2000, coinciding with more aggressive therapeutic approach, has resulted in Aspergillus becoming the most commonly isolated pathogen in young children. Further research is warranted to understand the implication of these findings.