Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of canine and feline maxillomandibular trauma cases

Summary Objectives: To determine differences in signalment between maxillomandibular (MM) and non-maxillomandibular (non-MM) trauma patients to help predict the type of injury sustained. Methods: A medical records database was searched from December 2003 to September 2012 to identify all MM trauma patients. A random sample of non-MM trauma patients was generated for comparison. Patient species, age, sex, weight, and injury aetiology were recorded for both populations. Results: Sixty-seven MM trauma patients and 129 non-MM trauma patients were identified. Feline patients were almost twice as likely to be presented for MM trauma compared with non-MM trauma. The median weight of canine patients suffering MM injury was significantly less than that of non- MM patients (p = 0.025). A significant association existed between the causes of injuries associated with MM and non-MM trauma populations (p = 0.000023). The MM trauma patients were more likely to sustain injury as a result of an animal altercation (Bonferroni p = 0.001) while non-MM injuries were more likely to result from motor vehicle accidents (Bonferroni p = 0.001). Overall, animals that were less than one year of age with traumatic injuries were overrepresented (65/196) in comparison to the entire patient population. Clinical significance: The results of this study may help guide clinicians in the evaluation and screening of trauma patients that are presented as an emergency. Cats, small dogs and animals suffering from animal altercations should all be closely evaluated for MM injury.
How Entrepreneurially Influential Social Traits and the Concentration of Immigrants Affect Business Creation Among Rural Immigrants

Immigrants have mainly been studied as part of the wage-earning workforce. However, they can become entrepreneurs. There is evidence in the literature that immigrants can be relatively more entrepreneurial than local inhabitants. Previous studies indicate that immigrants do not have any greater entrepreneurial capacity in rural areas, but local inhabitants do. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of rurality and the geographical concentration of immigrants on the entrepreneurship of foreigners. The paper also studies the influence over immigrant entrepreneurial activity of socio-institutional factors such as role models, the perception of social fear of failure and the perception that becoming an entrepreneur increases social status. To conduct this study, a logit model adjusted for rare events was applied using the GEM survey (Global Entrepreneur Monitor) for Spain for the year 2007. The results indicate that the concentration of immigrants plays a determinant role in explaining the impact of rurality and socio-institutional factors on foreign entrepreneurial activity.
teep fall in cardiac output is main determinant of hypotension uring drug-free and nitroglycerine-induced orthostatic asovagal syncope

rom the *Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, BMEYE B.V. , Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, niversity Hospital Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Internal Medicine, Academic edical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Proteomic analysis of the tumorigenic human prostate cell line M12 after microcell‐mediated transfer of chromosome 19 demonstrates reduction of vimentin

Critical alterations in proteins that accompany or control the aggressiveness of human prostate cancers remain poorly defined. Previously we demonstrated that the highly tumorigenic, metastatic human prostate cell line M12 was converted to a slow growing, poorly tumorigenic cell line by introduction of an intact human chromosome 19, generating the M12 (F6) hybrid cells. The objective of this report was to identify changes in the protein profile of these M12(F6) microcell hybrid cells. A combination of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption‐time of flight‐mass spectroscopy was used to compare proteins made by these two cell lines. No consistently increased proteins were identified. However, seven proteins were reproducibly reduced more than twofold: vimentin, hsp90, ATP synthase, 26S protease regulatory subunit, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein, T‐Complex protein 1 β, and α‐1 tubulin. The striking reduction in vimentin protein was accompanied by significantly decreased vimentin mRNA, revealed by Northern blotting. Our findings implicate reduced vimentin in the conversion of these tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells into slow growing, less aggressive cells. These studies demonstrate that application of proteomic analysis to specific problems in an experimental context can yield biologically relevant information about the prostate cancer cell phenotype.
Once Bitten, Twice Shy: How Unconsummated Deals Affect Subsequent M&As

We examine how a bidder’s failure to consummate a deal affects its subsequent M&As. After experiencing unconsummated M&As, firms choose smaller targets than before, more likely hire advisors, hire more advisors, and more likely make cash bids. Effects are strongest for bids directly succeeding unconsummated deals, but tend to linger over time and with CEOs. Deal failure exogenous to the acquirer, used for identification, is not associated with the aforementioned effects. Results suggest that firms reduce risks of deal problems and failure to protect their reputation for assessing and consummating investments. Consistent with this interpretation, we find negative abnormal announcement returns when deal failure repeats.
Measuring Rates of Return for Lobbying Expenditures: An Empirical Case Study of Tax Breaks for Multinational Corporations

In this paper we use audited corporate tax disclosures relating to a tax holiday on repatriated earnings created by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 to examine the return on lobbying. We find firms lobbying for this provision have a return in excess of $220 for every $1 spent on lobbying, or 22,000%. Repatriating firms are more profitable overall, but surprisingly, profitability is not a predictor of repatriation amount. Rather, industry and firm size are most predictive of repatriation. Cash on hand, a proxy for ability to repatriate, is not associated with the repatriation decision or the repatriation amount. This paper provides compelling evidence that lobbying expenditures have a positive and significant return on investment.
Benefits and Costs of Integrated Financial Services Providers (IFSP) – State-of-the-Art in Research

This paper aims to review the theoretical findings and empirical evidence of the benefits and costs of integrated financial services providers (IFSP) and draw inferences of developing IFSP in emerging markets with special consideration on China. The overall results can not conclude the superiority of IFSP or of segregated financial institutions. In opposite, the evaluation of the integration or segregation of financial institutions should always be embedded in the regulatory and managerial context.However, we could draw some implications that developing IFSP is of special relevance for emerging countries: The existing dominance of banking institutions in emerging national economies with the co-existence of underdeveloped capital markets can be leveraged for capital market innovation if lending, underwriting and brokerage services are available under one roof for the current client base. Cross-selling of banking and insurance products through bancassurance can better serve retail clients with comprehensive advisory for sophisticated life-time financial planning and can better complement the undeveloped social security system in emerging countries. Relationship banking and bank monitoring can better solve the problem of information asymmetry in emerging markets with lower transparency, underdeveloped corporate governance standard and weaker contract enforcement mechanism.As China is almost the unique country in the world still with commercial bank law favoring segregated financial system and the current ongoing deregulation process on the incremental trial basis is progressing, understanding the benefits and costs of IFSP can be of special importance as the next cornerstone for China’s banking reform.
Improved Single-Phase Split-Source Inverter With Hybrid Quasi-Sinusoidal and Constant PWM

A single-stage topology of a three-phase boost inverter known as split-source inverter (SSI) has recently been introduced in the literature. This topology suffers from high frequency current commutations across two diodes and complicated analysis since the inductor is charged with variable duty cycle. This paper presents a single-phase version of SSI with improvements in inverter topology as well as the pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. An inductor is connected to two MOSFETs operating at fundamental frequency to boost the voltage from input source to dc-link voltage. In the proposed hybrid quasi-sinusoidal and constant PWM, one of the full-bridge legs undergoes constant duty cycle switching while the other one undergoes sinusoidally varying duty cycle switching, with the former is accountable for charging and discharging of inductor while the latter is accountable for producing ac output. Therefore, the proposed topology with hybrid quasi-sinusoidal and constant PWM exhibits the merit of simplicity since the control of dc-link voltage and ac output is detached within the single-stage topology. It is not liable to the undesired high frequency current commutation. In addition, a wide range of ac output voltage is achievable in either buck or boost operation. Theoretical analysis is presented and verified through simulation and experimental results.
The influence of decision aids on choice strategies under conditions of high cognitive load

Concerns the role of effort and accuracy in choice tasks. The paper examines the role of computer-based decision aids in reducing cognitive effort where the decision maker experiences heavy information load. It is argued that specific features can be incorporated within a set of aids that alter the effort required to implement a particular strategy relative to other strategies, and that this influences strategy selection. Subjects were given aids to reduce cognitive effort associated with preferential choice strategies. In particular, the aids provided varying levels of support for the processing associated with either elimination by aspects (EBA) or additive difference (AD) strategies. The study examined changes in operators which represent the subcomponents or building blocks of the strategies. A repeated measures design was utilized whereby 32 subjects performed a 30 alternative apartment selection task over two trials. Analysis of the data was based on the coding of concurrent verbal protocols which described the subjects' problem solving strategies. The results show that aids which reduce the effort associated with the EBA strategy induce behaviors associated with EBA. More importantly, there was an interaction effect caused by the behavior of subjects provided with support for an AD but not for an elimination by aspects strategy. These subjects employed more operations which are unique to the AD strategy. These results are consistent with earlier studies in indicating that decision makers adapt to the aids available to them so as to maintain low overall levels of effort expenditure. They further indicate that aids can be designed to overcome constraining task limitations. >
New Product Development 2.0: Preference Markets—How Scalable Securities Markets Identify Winning Product Concepts and Attributes*

Preference markets address the need for scalable, fast, and engaging market research in new product development. The Web 2.0 paradigm, in which users contribute numerous ideas that may lead to new products, requires new methods of screening those ideas for their marketability, and preference markets offer just such a mechanism. For faster new product development decisions, a flexible prioritization methodology is implemented for product features and concepts, one that scales up in the number of testable alternatives, limited only by the number of participants. New product preferences for concepts, attributes, and attribute levels are measured by trading stocks whose prices are based upon share of choice of new products and features. A conceptual model of scalable preference markets is developed and tested experimentally. Benefits of the methodology are found to include speed (less than one hour per trading experiment), scalability (question capacity grows linearly in the number of traders), flexibility (features and concepts can be tested simultaneously), and respondent enthusiasm for the method.
Technical efficiencies of Ghanaian general insurers

The performance or efficiency of every production unit is of paramount importance to management of the units. In management Science, there are two main methods used to measure performance. These are Parametric and non-parametric methods. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method used in evaluating the relative performance of productions units that use the similar input factors to produce similar outputs. This paper seeks to use DEA to evaluate the relative performance of Ghanaian general insurance companies from the year 2002 to 2007. The study uses Debt capital, Equity capital and Management expenses as inputs that are used by insurers to produce premium, claims and investment income. It was observed that Ghanaian general insurers operated at an average overall efficiency of 68%, technical efficiency of 87% and scale efficiency of 78%. The study also tests hypotheses relating to the roles played by dimension and market share in the efficiency of the Ghanaian general insurance companies. It was observed that Ghanaian general insurers with higher dimension and market shares tend to have higher efficiencies; implying that general insurers could increase their efficiencies by trying to increase among other things thier dimension and market shares.
Assessing the Viability of Online Interruption Studies

Researchers have been collecting data online since the early days of the Internet and as technology improves, increasing numbers of traditional experiments are being run online. However, there are still questions about the kinds of experiments that work online, particularly over experiments with time-sensitive performance measures. We are interested in one time-sensitive measure specifically, the time taken to resume a task following an interruption. We ran participants through an archetypal interruption study online and in the lab. Statistical comparisons showed no significant differences in the time it took to resume following an interruption. However, there were issues with data quality that stemmed from participant confusion about the task. Our findings have implications for experiments that assess time-sensitive performance measures in tasks that require continuous attention.
Analysis of raw cow milk quality according to free fatty acid contents in the Czech Republic

The concentration ( c) of free fatty acids (FFAs) in milk is an indicator of dairy cow nutrition, milk straining, its bacterial contamination and storage quality. High FFA concentrations ( cs) caused by lipolysis can damage the quality properties of milk products. Therefore the FFA content is introduced thanks to an increase in the efficiency of modern analytical methods as a milk quality indicator and as an indicator for its price as well. The goal of this paper was to analyse the FFA relations to the other milk quality indicators. The data set ( n = 11 586) was evaluated by regression methods. In November and December the respective FFA means were 0.614 ± 0.458 and 0.835 ± 0.491 mmol/100 g with a relatively high variability of 74.6 and 58.8%. The frequency of unsatisfactory FFA values (> 1.3) was 7.51 and 13.93%. Casein content ( r = -0.17; P < 0.01) and crude protein content ( r = -0.12; P < 0.01) were related more closely with FFA c. The FFAs can increase by 0.066 mmol/100 g with casein decrease by 0.10%. The FFAs in milk fat can slightly increase by the supply of energy to dairy cows (protein and casein decrease) and rise with the deteriorating health state of mammary gland (lactose, r = -0.14; P < 0.01) as well. The somatic cell count correlated with FFAs more weakly ( r = 0.07; P < 0.05), similarly like the total mesophilic bac - teria count ( r = 0.11; P < 0.01), relatively more closely the psychrotrophic bacteria count ( r = 0.27; P < 0.05). The deterioration of almost all hygienic indicators signified an FFA c increase. The urea content correlated with FFAs weakly ( r = -0.08; P < 0.05) and the fat content imperceptibly as a component of similar substance like FFAs. The mechanical milk stress led to FFA liberation from fat esters proportionally to the intervention intensity ( P < 0.001). Even a relatively small mechanical stress caused by mixing comparable to the current milking technology, milk transport and storage increased the FFA c of milk fat from 1.11 ± 0.19 to 1.80 ± 0.40 mmol/100 g (P < 0.05). The highest experimental stress up to 6.88 ± 0.55 mmol/100 g ( P < 0.001).
Contrarian and Momentum Strategies in the Indian Capital Market

The study attempts to evaluate if there are any systematic patterns in stock returns for the Indian market. The empirical findings reveal that there is a reversal in long-term returns, once the short-term momentum effect has been controlled by maintaining a one year gap between portfolio formation period and the portfolio holding period. A contrarian strategy based on long-term past returns provides moderately positive returns. Further, there is a continuation in short-term returns and a momentum strategy based on it provides significantly positive payoffs. The results in general are in conformity with those for developed capital markets such as the US.
'Banking' on the Internet: Does Internet Banking Really Improve Bank Performance?

Internet banking represents an important innovation in the banking industry, yet empirical analyses of how it affects bank performance remain rare. Using a comprehensive dataset of U.S. banks between 2003 and 2008, we combine propensity-score matching and difference-in-differences methods to study how the adoption of Internet banking affects bank performance. Contrary to common wisdom and several previous studies, we find only modest evidence that Internet banking adoption improves bank performance. In fact, the adoption of Internet banking actually results in worse performance for many banks. Additional analyses suggest that younger banks and banks that are earlier adopters are more likely to enjoy the benefits of Internet banking.
The interaction of high endothelial venules with T and B cells in peripheral lymph nodes after antigenic stimulation

The influence of an ongoing immune response on the specific interaction of high endothelial venules (HEV) in peripheral lymph nodes with T and B cells was determined using short‐term homing experiments and an in vitro HEV adherence assay. It was demonstrated that stimulation with various antigens did not change the receptor specificity of the HEV. However, the retention and/or the efflux of immigrant cells in the stimulated lymph nodes had changed.
The New Swiss Glacier Inventory SGI2010: Relevance of Using High-Resolution Source Data in Areas Dominated by Very Small Glaciers

Abstract In view of the rapid and accelerating glacier retreat observed in the European Alps during the last decades, the repeated creation of glacier inventories is important to understand the spatio-temporal variability of glacier changes and to support modeling studies. This article presents the latest glacier inventory for the entire Swiss Alps (SGI2010) derived by manual digitization from high-resolution (25 cm) aerial orthophotographs acquired between 2008 and 2011. Its accuracy is assessed by comparing the extents of clean, snow-and/or debris-covered glaciers derived from multiple digitization by several experts. The potential of more precise mapping of debris-covered glaciers is pointed out through the combination of aerial orthophotos with Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) techniques. In order to investigate the accuracy of glacier outlines obtained from medium-resolution satellite remote sensing imagery, a Landsat derived 2003 inventory is directly compared to all glaciers of the eastern Swiss Alps mapped with 2003 aerial orthoimagery. For the Swiss Alps, the total glacierized area mapped for 2010 is 944.3 ±24.1 km2. Resulting area changes are -362.6 km2 (-27.7%, or -0.75% a-1) between 1973 and 2010. It is shown that satellite remote sensing techniques using medium-resolution source data misclassified more than 25% in area of very small glaciers (<0.5 km2). Therefore, use of high-resolution satellite or airborne imagery for future inventory creation in areas dominated by very small glaciers is recommended.
Opposing Role of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Subtypes, Erk-1/2 and p38, in the Regulation of Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymes*

The present studies were performed to determine subtype-specific roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase in chondrogenesis. Erk-1/2 activities, downstream of protein kinase C, decreased as chondrogenesis proceeded, whereas p38 activities, independent of protein kinase C, continuously increased during chondrogenesis. Inhibition of Erk-1/2 with PD98059 enhanced chondrogenesis up to 1.7-fold, whereas inhibition of p38 with SB203580 reduced it to about 30% of the control level. Inhibition of Erk-1/2 or p38 did not affect precartilage condensation. However, cartilage nodule formation was significantly blocked by the inhibition of p38, whereas Erk-1/2 inhibition did not affect it. Modulation of chondrogenesis by the inhibition of Erk-1/2 and p38 was accompanied by altered expression of adhesion molecules in an opposite way. Expression ofN-cadherin was reduced as chondrogenesis proceeded. Inhibition of p38 caused sustained expression ofN-cadherin, whereas Erk-1/2 inhibition accelerated the reduction of N-cadherin expression. Expression of integrin α5β1 and fibronectin were found to transiently increase during chondrogenesis. Inhibition of p38 caused continuous increase of expression of these molecules, whereas Erk-1/2 inhibition accelerated the decrease of expression of these molecules at a later period of chondrogenesis. Because temporal expression of these adhesion molecules regulates chondrogenesis, the above results indicate that Erk-1/2 and p38 conversely regulate chondrogenesis at post-precartilage condensation stages by modulating expression of adhesion molecules.
Prior performance characteristics of related and unrelated acquirers

In the diversification literature, studies, particularly those using accounting-based performance measures, have found that related diversifiers are more profitable and that related diversifiers are in more profitable industries than unrelated diversifiers. Due to the very nature of these studies based on cross-sectional data, however, the causal relationship between diversification strategy and performance was not clear. This paper focuses on a single event of a large acquisition, which enables us to better identify the sequential relationships between prior firm profitability, prior industry profitability, and subsequent acquisition strategies. By doing so, this paper makes clearer the causal relationships between firm profitability, industry profitability, and acquisition strategies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.