Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BONE MARROW DONATION WITHOUT CONSENT?

The recent annotation on ethical and legal aspects of bone marrow donation by children and mentally incompetent adults (Mumford, 1998) was both thoughtful and thought provoking. Two issues raised by Mrs Mumford made me stop and think. Both are encapsulated in a single sentence which forms part of the first of the proposed guidelines which might influence the future legal framework of bone marrow donation: ‘No child may be a donor unless bone marrow transplant is necessary to allow a chance of significant improvement in the recipient’s condition and no adult donor is available’. The first issue is that of the value of the treatment. Although there are conditions for which a bone marrow transplant would be accepted by most as the treatment of choice (and thus not experimental), there are others for which this is by no means clear. In the latter case the procedure may be carried out with the (at least partial) intention of discovering from a series of cases whether bone marrow transplantation or some other more conservative approach led to a better overall outcome. In other words, it could be construed as clinical research rather than best available treatment. Is treatment which is of demonstrable benefit and superior to other approaches (e.g. bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia) any different from treatment of arguable benefit (e.g. transplantation in some instances of first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)? I think there is a difference, even though there may be some overlap. At one extreme one knows the proposed treatment works best. At the other one knows it doesn’t. In the middle is the common situation: one simply doesn’t know one way or the other. The second issue is that of donor source. Mrs Mumford did not tell us just how often Bristol ‘might well choose.to use an unrelated adult in preference to a sibling donor’ nor how often they have actually done so. Neither did she tell us whether there might be sufficient evidence of efficacy and safety, beyond Bristol’s implicit opinion, to justify using an unrelated adult as the first-choice donor despite the availability of a tissue-type-matched sibling, perhaps even one mature enough to understand much of what was proposed. There may be such evidence, but the case should be made, not assumed, and would need to be made for each set of clinical circumstances. The fourth of her guidelines might seem to offer an opportunity to make this case. However, the process may already be constrained by the sentence from the first of her suggested guidelines which I quoted earlier. I think these two issues, at least, deserve further thought before guidelines such as these influence any new legal framework.
Present state of statistics from hospital in-patient data and their uses.

Monitoring the performance of health services has now become official policy (Department of Health and Social Security, 1971). At present hospital management has available to it the largest body of data of any part of the total health system. The Hospital In-Patient Enquiry, the Annual Hospital Returns, and Hospital Activity Analysis all can and do contribute in this respect. But is it possible for these three interdependent sources to serve the varying and often competing needs of administrators, accountants, medical 'cogwheel' (Ministry of Health, 1967) managers, and clinicians? Equally, although they are a source of valuable research information are they exploited enough? A review of these three sources is therefore opportune in order to consider the aims and objects of each and the extent to which these have been achieved, to examine their accuracy, other uses, and limitations, and to assess the needs for changes or additions to the data or their presentation to meet the needs for the future.
Role Demands as A Factor of Stress in Working Women – With Specific Reference to Information Technology

Studies of the roles and responsibilities associated with stress in working women in IT(information technology) and information technology enabled services have implicated multiple and conflicting demands which might not be without some resultant effects. However, little research has been conducted on these role demand factors in Indian context to determine how these might impact the women employees' performance due to the comprehensive economic changes along with the change in the social and demographic structure of the society and family. There is need for evidence-based empirical findings to facilitate improvement in information technology and information technology enabled services. IT BPM industry revenues in India (excluding hardware) is estimated at around US$ 130 billion in FY 2015-16 and is estimated to be at US$ 154 billion in FY 2016-17. The domestic revenue of the IT industry is estimated at US$ 38 billion and export revenue is estimated at US$ 117 billion in FY17. Currently it has an employee base of 3.9 million with 2.5-3 million new jobs to be created by 2025. (NASSCOM). The IT-BPM industry has been fairly neutral from the starting, believing in providing equal opportunities for both women and men. The participation of women in the work force has been a critical enabling factor for the continued growth of the industry, though in practicality there is some difference. Although stress is felt by both men & women, the stress in women is somewhat different. This paper focuses on the stress in working women in India in information technology sector. Based on the research of around 300 women working women in information technology sector of Delhi-National capital region, role demands were found to be a definite factor leading to job stress. The role demand s the stress felt by employees because of the role (job) that they do in the organization. Each position has an expected role to be played by the person at that position Role conflict, ambiguity, and overload together constitute important parts of role stress. The research was carried out using both secondary & primary data. Item response theory was used to analyze the data. Out of the various sub factors analyzed under role demands, lack of information and non-clarity of the role were found to be significant factors influencing job stress in women.
When Bad Things Happen to a Protagonist Like You: The Role of Self in Resistance to Negatively Framed Health Narratives

This study examines when and how shared risk-relevant experience (autobiographic similarity) influences resistance to negatively framed health narratives. We conducted a 2 (narrative perspective: 1st vs. 3rd person) × 2 (processing motive: experiential vs. analytical) randomized experiment with a short narrative depicting the negative effects of an illicitly used study drug. For those autobiographically similar to the study drug user, a 1st-person narration (vs. 3rd-person) produced greater transportation only when participants processed to understand the story (experiential condition), whereas the reverse was found when participants processed for the persuasive message (analytical condition). Transportation was a significant mediator that transferred these interactive effects onto greater perceived risk only among those with autobiographic similarity. This study highlights the active role played by the audience’s self-concept in narrative persuasion and addresses boundary conditions for overcoming defensive resistance.
Biphenotypic hematologic malignancy: a case report of the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome in a child.

SUMMARY The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome, also known as stem cell leukemia/lymphoma, is a rare, atypical, myeloproliferative disorder and lymphoid malignancy associated with chromosomal abnormalities involving the 8p11 chromosomal band. Translocations associated with this syndrome result in the fusion of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR 1) gene with various partners, resulting in ligand-independent FGFR activity. To date, 8 partner genes have been identified in association with FGFR1 rearrangements. The most frequent FGFR1 translocation partner is the zinc finger gene ZNF198 located at 13q11. Disease phenotypes associated with this translocation include poor prognosis and transformation to acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In common with a T-cell phenotype, obtaining and maintaining remission is difficult by conventional chemotherapy. This study describes an illustrative case of 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome/stem cell leukemia/lymphoma outlining its chief features and historical developments.
Does takeover protection matter? Evidence from a natural experiment*

Internal slack is a primary contributor to agency problems. As such, shareholders’ updated valuation of internal slack reveals their revised assessment of potential agency conflicts. We study how the value of internal cash changes following state antitakeover regulation events. After carefully addressing the critiques of such experiments, we find that the value of cash actually increases, on average, following antitakeover law implementation, but there is considerable heterogeneity in how the value changes. Firms more susceptible to quiet-life agency problems show no increases in the market-assessed value of internal slack. Conversely, cash appreciates in companies where takeover protection helps bond important commitments with major counterparties. These findings hold across different measures of antitakeover protection events. JEL classification: G30; G32; G34; K22; L14
The impact of cognitive style, consumer demographics and cultural values on the acceptance of Islamic insurance products among American consumers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent by which consumer acceptance of an Islamic insurance product (Takaful) in a non-Muslim majority country would be affected by consumer knowledge about its Islamic origins. Furthermore, this study identifies the degree to which various psychological traits and demographics of the consumers influence purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was distributed to a national sample of 390 respondents, half of whom were told that this insurance product is Islamic and the other half were not. The questionnaire was identical between the two groups and the only difference was the disclosure of the product’s Islamic origins. Additional measures related to consumer demographics, cognitive style and prior experience with insurance products were obtained from the respondents. Regression analysis was used to determine the drivers of consumers’ purchase intentions. Findings Purchase intentions for Takaful were found to be lower when the product was presented to subjects as Islamic. In addition, it was established that a consumer’s cognitive style, political orientation, yearly insurance expenditure and views of Islam influence purchase intentions for Takaful. Originality/value This paper is the first to explore the degree of acceptance of an Islamic insurance product in a non-Muslim majority country (USA) and to investigate the effects of a product’s religion of origin on the purchase intentions of American consumers.
Validity of the Polar S810 to Measure R-R Intervals in Children

Intervals between two consecutive cardiac beats (R-R intervals) and the subsequent analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) obtained simultaneously from the Polar S810 heart rate monitor (HRM) and an electrocardiogram (ECG) in a supine position were compared in twelve children (age 9.6 +/- 0.9 years) before and after protocol correction. R-R intervals were significantly different between the ECG and the HRM uncorrected and corrected signal (p < 0.001, effect size [ES] = 0.005, and 0.005, respectively). However, the bias (95 % confidence interval) was 0.80 (- 124.76 - 123.16) ms and 0.80 (- 12.76 - 11.16) ms, respectively. HRV parameters derived from both signals were not different (p > 0.05) and well correlated (r > 0.99, p < 0.05), except SD2 (p < 0.05, ES = 0.000; r = 0.99). These data support the validity of the Polar S810 HRM to measure R-R intervals and make the subsequent HRV analysis in a supine position in children.
Exploring the impact of product service quality on buyer commitment and loyalty in B TO B relationships

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand and empirically test causal relationships among components of product service quality and commitment and buyer loyalty in business-to-business (B to B) relationships. Methodology/approach: Data were collected through a web-based survey from 314 buyers of B to B manufacturers in Korea. Findings: Product quality enhances all three types of commitment in B to B relationships, service quality is positively associated with affective commitment, and support quality has a significantly positive effect on affective and normative commitment. Also, the moderating effects of competitive intensity are significant. If competitive intensity is low in the buyer’s market, product quality and service quality play important roles in deriving buyer commitment; however, if competitive intensity is high, support quality is effective in maintaining long-term committed relationships with buyers. Research implications: To fully consider product service quality in this study, we established support quality, product quality, and service quality as discrete components of product service quality. Practical implications: Previous quality-related works have focused on products and services with little research about support activities, and the literature is lacking empirical analyses of support activities. However, this study elucidates the importance of operational and technical support activities in B to B relationships. Specifically, in a fiercely competitive market, a high-quality consumer support strategy is shown to be highly effective in maintaining long-term committed relationships with buyers. Originality/value/contribution: We analyzed the relationships among components of product service quality and commitment and buyer loyalty in B to B transactions. Our detailed results will help firms develop context-specific quality management strategies at the product service level in order to strengthen customer loyalty.
A Role for Tachykinins in Female Mouse and Rat Reproductive Function1

Abstract Tachykinins may be involved in reproduction. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was used to analyze the expression of tachykinins and tachykinin receptors in different types of reproductive cells from mice. The preprotachykinin (PPT) genes, PPT-A, PPT-B and PPT-C, that encode substance P/neurokinin A, neurokinin B, and hemokinin-1, respectively, and the genes that encode the tachykinin NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptors were all expressed, at different levels, in the uterus of superovulated, unfertilized mice. The mRNA of neprilysin (NEP), the main enzyme involved in tachykinin metabolism, was also expressed in the uterus. Isolated cumulus granulosa cells expressed PPT-A, PPT-B, PPT-C, and NEP and low levels of the tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors. Mouse oocytes expressed PPT-A and -B mRNA transcripts. A low expression of the three tachykinin receptors was observed but PPT-C and NEP were undetectable. Two- and 8- to 16-cell mouse embryos expressed only a low-abundance transcript corresponding to the NK1 receptor. However, the mRNAs of PPT-B, PPT-C and NEP appeared in blastocyst-stage embryos. A low-abundance transcript corresponding to the NK2 receptor was the only target gene detected in mice sperm. Female mice or rats treated neonatally with capsaicin showed a reduced fertility. A reduction in litter size was observed in female rats treated in vivo with the tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonist SR 142801. These data show that tachykinins of both neuronal and nonneuronal origin are differentially expressed in various types of reproductive cells and may play a role in female reproductive function.
Tunable narrow-band terahertz generation from periodically poled lithium niobate

We describe a technique for generating tunable narrow-band terahertz radiation via optical rectification in periodically-poled lithium niobate. Frequency tuning is accomplished by spatially chirping the domain width laterally to the beam propagation direction, and adjusting the temperature of the sample. We demonstrate tuning over a continuous range from 0.8 to 2.5 THz. The bandwidth of the terahertz waveforms is as narrow as 0.02 THz.
The InsP3 receptor: its role in neuronal physiology and neurodegeneration

The InsP3 receptor is a ligand‐gated channel that releases Ca2+ from intracellular stores in a variety of cell types, including neurons. Genetic studies from vertebrate and invertebrate model systems suggest that coordinated rhythmic motor functions are most susceptible to changes in Ca2+ release from the InsP3 receptor. In many cases, the InsP3 receptor interacts with other signaling mechanisms that control levels of cytosolic Ca2+, suggesting that the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis in normal cells could be controlled by the activity of the InsP3R. In support of this idea, recent studies show that altered InsP3 receptor activity can be partially responsible for Ca2+ dyshomeostasis seen in many neurodegenerative conditions. These observations open new avenues for carrying out genetic and drug screens that target InsP3R function in neurodegenerative conditions. BioEssays 27:1035–1047, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutrient composition, antioxidant properties, and anti-proliferative activity of Lignosus rhinocerus Cooke sclerotium.

BACKGROUND Lignosus rhinocerus (tiger milk mushroom) is an important medicinal mushroom used in Southeast Asia and China, and its sclerotium can be developed into functional food/nutraceuticals. The nutrient composition, antioxidant properties, and anti-proliferative activity of wild type and a cultivated strain of L. rhinocerus sclerotia were investigated. RESULTS The sclerotial powder has high carbohydrate but low fat content. Interestingly, the cultivated strain contains higher amounts of protein and water-soluble substances than the wild type. Phenolic content of hot-water, cold-water, and methanol extracts of the sclerotial powders ranged from 19.32 to 29.42 mg gallic acid equivalents g⁻¹ extract, while the ferric reducing antioxidant power values ranged from 0.006 to 0.016 mmol min⁻¹ g⁻¹ extract. The DPPH• , ABTS•⁺ , and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of the extracts ranged from 0.52 to 1.12, 0.05 to 0.20, and -0.98 to 11.23 mmol Trolox equivalents g⁻¹ extract, respectively. Both strains exhibited strong superoxide anion radical scavenging activity comparable to rutin. The cold-water extracts exhibited anti-proliferative activity against human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells, with IC₅₀ values of 206 µg mL⁻¹ and 90 µg mL⁻¹ for the wild type and cultivated strains, respectively. CONCLUSION The cultivated L. rhinocerus sclerotium has the potential to be developed into functional food/nutraceuticals.
Abnormal patterns of mucus secretion in apparently normal mucosa of large intestine with carcinoma

Our previous studies have shown that histologically normal mucosa adjacent to carcinomas of the large intestine is often abnormal histochemically. This „transitional”︁ mucosa, as we termed it, is characterized by an increase of sialomucins, accompanied usually by a decrease or absence of the sulphomucins which are predominant in the normal mucosa of the large intestine. The extent and intensity of these mucin changes were not clear, and so we have mapped them by cutting strips of mucosa from the whole length of 25 surgical specimens. This work confirms that the pattern of mucus secretion is altered around carcinomas, but also shows similar changes in patches of mucosa at a distance from frank tumors. The increase in sialomucins is directly related to the extent of invasion by a carcinoma according to Dukes' classification, but not to its degree of differentiation or to its histologic pattern. It is suggested that the mucin changes may reflect a transformation to a fetal type of epithelium and indicate an early stage in carcinogenesis. The practical value of these findings in diagnosis and prognosis is discussed.
Does Respiratory Virus Coinfection Increases the Clinical Severity of Acute Respiratory Infection Among Children Infected With Respiratory Syncytial Virus?

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection in children less than 5 years of age. The impact of non-RSV respiratory virus coinfection on the severity of RSV disease is unknown. Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was conducted in Nagasaki, Japan, on all children less than 5 years of age with acute respiratory infection (ARI) who had undergone a rapid RSV diagnostic test between April 2009 and March 2010. Thirteen respiratory viruses were identified from nasopharyngeal swab samples using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction; polymerase chain reaction–positive samples were considered as confirmed respiratory virus infections. The cases were classified into 3 categories (pneumonia, moderate-to-severe nonpneumonic ARI and mild ARI) according to the findings of the chest radiograph and the hospitalization records. Results: Among 384 cases enrolled, 371 were eligible for analysis, of whom 85 (23%) were classified as pneumonia cases; 137 (37%) as moderate-to-severe nonpneumonic ARI cases and 162 (40%) as mild ARI cases. RSV was detected in 172 cases (61.6%), and 31 cases (18.0%) had double or triple infections with other respiratory viruses. RSV infection was more frequently observed in pneumonia cases (odds ratio [OR]: 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–3.9) and moderate-to-severe nonpneumonic ARI cases (OR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.82–4.78) than in mild ARI cases. The association with moderate-to-severe nonpneumonic ARI cases was stronger with RSV/non-RSV respiratory virus coinfection (adjusted OR: 4.91; 95% CI: 1.9–12.7) than with RSV single infection (adjusted OR: 2.77; 95% CI: 1.64–4.7). Conclusions: Non-RSV respiratory virus coinfection is not uncommon in RSV-infected children and may increase the severity of RSV disease.
Laser shock compression of copper monocrystals: Mechanisms for dislocation and void generation

Copper with two orientations ([001] and [134]) was subjected to high intensity laser (energy levels of 40-300 J; energy densities of 15-70 MJ/m 2 and durations below 10 ns). The defects created are characterized by transmission electron microscopy. An orientation-dependent threshold stress for twinning is observed. The results are rationalized in terms of a criterion in which slip and twinning are considered as competing mechanisms. A constitutive description is applied to the two orientations, incorporating both slip and twinning. The predictions are in agreement with experiments. The threshold stress for twinning in the [001] orientation is 20-40 GPa, whereas the one for the [134] orientation is 40-60 GPa. The threshold stress is calculated, considering the effect of shock heating. The constitutive description provides a rationale for the experimental results; the calculated thresholds are 18 GPa for [001] and 25 GPa for [134]. A mechanism for void generation and growth based on the emission of geometrically necessary dislocations is proposed and analytically formulated.