Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DFT study of chemical reactivity of free radicals ABTS°+ and DPPH° by Myricetin, Quercetin and Kaempferol

Myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol are polyphenols belong to the group of flavonoids. They are known for their many biological activities and particularly their strong ability to trap free radicals that cause nuisance to living organisms. In order to rationalize and compare the antioxidant activities of these molecules, DFT study was conducted in the gas phase, at B3LYP / 6-311G (d, p) and M05-2X / 6-311G (d, p). approximation levels. Calculations carried out relate to electronic affinity EA, ionization energy IP, energy gap (HOMO-LUMO), hardness (η), softness (S), electronegativity (χ), electrophilic index (ω) and energy parameters. Results of various calculations compared to those of trolox, molecule identified in our previous work as reference for study antioxidant properties of bioactive molecules have shown that: The three molecules are good antioxidants and could be effective to fight the oxidative attacks of living organisms; The hydroxyl groups of catechol group and C 2 = C 3 double bond are determinant for the antioxidant activity of the three molecules; Myricetin is the most antioxidant among the three molecules followed by quercetin; The radical ABTS° + is more suitable for studying the antioxidant properties of molecules.
Validating the Healthy School Conceptual Model with an Emphasis on Organizational Health Dimension Using Structural Equation Modelling

The aim of this study is to identify the dimensions of a healthy school in an Iranian context. The study employed a mixed method approach to address the research questions. In the qualitative part, the study population consists of a number of experts in educational sciences using a Delphi technique, and the study samples were selected based on a purposive sampling method with a sample size of 20 experts. In the quantitative part, the study population involves all primary schools in Mazandaran Province, Iran. A multi-stage quantitative sampling method was applied to select the samples. A total of 210 primary schools were participated in the quantitative study. After three Delphi rounds, the most important dimensions of a health school are educational principal, educational leadership, teacher’s attitude, school culture, organizational commitment, teacher’s citizenship behavior, job satisfaction, educational achievement, and students’ general health. The model obtained from the qualitative validation was tested in the quantitative study. Nine questionnaires were conducted to collect data in quantitative study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine validity and reliability. Of 19 hypotheses, the results of the structural model support 10 hypotheses. This study suggests that both general and organizational health are key factors to achieve a healthy school.
The finance-growth nexus: Evidence from Malawi

Apart from assessing the impact of financial development on economic growth, economists have also delved to understand the direction of causality between the two variables. We examine the causal relationship between the two variables in the Granger causality sense and regress economic growth on financial development and a number of control variables. The Augmented –Dickey Fuller unit root test is used to test for non-stationarity of vairables and the Johansen Vector Autoregressive Cointegration test is utilised to explore the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. We find that all variables are integrated of order one and that they converge to a long-run equilibrium. In the light of these results, we employ an error-correction model. Causality and regression results confirm the contention of Robinson (1952) that the relationship between financial development and economic growth is demand following implying that where enterprise leads, finance follows. Additonally, results of the growth equation show that the population level, inflation, exchange rate, and openness to trade are significant in explaining economic growth in Malawi. The study suggests policies consistent with economic growth.
Soil properties determine the elevational patterns of base cations and micronutrients in the plant–soil system up to the upper limits of trees and shrubs

Abstract. To understand whether base cations and micronutrients in the plant–soil system change with elevation, we investigated the patterns of base cations and micronutrients in both soils and plant tissues along three elevational gradients in three climate zones in China. Base cations (Ca, Mg, and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, and Zn) were determined in soils, trees, and shrubs growing at lower and middle elevations as well as at their upper limits on Balang (subtropical, SW China), Qilian (dry temperate, NW China), and Changbai (wet temperate, NE China) mountains. No consistent elevational patterns were found for base cation and micronutrient concentrations in both soils and plant tissues (leaves, roots, shoots, and stem sapwood). Soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TN), the SOC to TN ratio (C : N), and soil extractable nitrogen (NO3− and NH4+) determined the elevational patterns of soil exchangeable Ca and Mg and available Fe, Mn, and Zn. However, the controlling role of soil pH and SOC was not universal as revealed by their weak correlations with soil base cations under tree canopies at the wet temperate mountain and with micronutrients under both tree and shrub canopies at the dry temperate mountain. In most cases, soil base cation and micronutrient availabilities played fundamental roles in determining the base cation and micronutrient concentrations in plant tissues. An exception existed for the decoupling of leaf K and Fe with their availabilities in the soil. Our results highlight the importance of soil physicochemical properties (mainly SOC, C : N, and pH) rather than elevation (i.e., canopy cover and environmental factors, especially temperature), in determining base cation and micronutrient availabilities in soils and subsequently their concentrations in plant tissues.
GaInAsP Microdisk Injection Laser with Benzocyclobutene Polymer Cladding and Its Athermal Effect

We fabricated a GaInAsP microdisk laser using a benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer cladding, which decreased the fragility and the thermal resistance of the conventional air cladding device and simplified the current injection using the metal pad electrode. The threshold current for a 7-µm-diameter device was 0.4 mA at room temperature, which was almost the same as that for the air cladding device. The red shift of the resonant spectrum against the continuous wave current was reduced by 54% in the BCB cladding device. Nearly 90% of this reduction is attributed to the reduction in thermal resistance. The remaining 10% is due to the reduction in temperature dependence (athermal effect) by the BCB cladding which has a negative temperature dependence of the refractive index. An analysis shows that the microdisk laser with a polymer cladding can function as an athermal laser when the disk thickness is reduced to 50–80 nm.
The Relationship between Work and Home: Examination of White and Blue-Collar Generational Differences in a Large U.S. Organization

The popular press and some practitioner and empirical articles have emphasized work-related generational differences, describing the recent influx of “Gen Y” employees as being less work-centric, more likely to value work and home, and more concerned with achieving work-life balance than “Gen X” or “Baby Boomer” employees. In the current paper, we examine these constructs, focusing on whether such generational differences, if present, extend equally to “white” and “bluecollar” employees. Survey data from 3171 white and blue-collar employees of a large U.S. company revealed that these characterizations were principally found among the white-collar, Gen Y employees. We discuss possible reasons for these findings and question the degree to which generational differences versus workplace experiences shape employee’s work-home relationship.
Potential use of ecotoxicological biomarkers in Serratella ignita (Ephemeroptera) larvae for Alcantara river (Sicily, Italy) water quality assessment

Benthic macroinvertebrates are important components of aquatic river ecosystems. These organisms are often used for biological monitoring since they are good indicators of the aquatic freshwater environment health status which can be negatively affected by human, agricultural and industrial activities. Many studies focused on the use of observed changes in macroinvertebrate communities or populations, but studies using biochemical biomarkers in these species are almost absent. The aim of this paper was to test the employment of ecotoxicological biomarkers in Ephemeroptera larvae to assess the water quality of the Alcantara river (Sicily) from its headwater to its mouth. This river represents the main source of potable water for all the counties situated in the Alcantara valley and for the city of Messina, and is the primary irrigation source for the large surrounding agricultural lands. Acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and Benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase (BPMO) activity were evaluated in Serratella ignita (Ephemerellidae) larvae from different sampling sites along the river to show the potential presence of xenobiotic substances. Environmental parameters, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and flow velocity, were also measured at different sampling sites. The biomarker approach in invertebrates represents an early warning signal of ecotoxicological alterations, providing information on which contaminants exert toxic effects on different biota. The results showed that the highest inhibition of AChE activity in S. ignita larvae was in Randazzo and Castiglione di Sicilia villages (i.e. high and medium level of the river). Here, agricultural activities are intense, with high production of fruit, olives, citrus and the heaviest usage of fertilizers, pesticides, and neurotoxic substances like organophosphate insecticides and carbammates in all the Alcantara valley. Regarding BPMO activity, the highest value was recovered in S. ignita larvae from the river mouth, which was characterised by the highest entry of water run off of streets and loaded with xenobiotic lipophilic compounds. Both AChE and BPMO were not linked to water temperature values. The data reported in the present work represent the first attempt to monitor levels of two widely recognised enzymatic biomarkers in benthic macroinvertebrates. Results indicate the possible use of this approach in macroinvertebrate larvae to study the health status of Alcantara river. The river appears to be impacted by contamination mainly from waste discharges and, upstream, from large pasture areas. Considering the world-wide distribution of S. ignita, the biomarker approach used to assess water quality may be applicable not only to Alcantara river, but also to other lotic ecosystems.
The effect of gender priming on economic behaviour

In this thesis the effect of gender priming on economic decision-making was researched. Data was gathered using a questionnaire with 3 different priming tasks. Questions about 5 different areas of economic behaviour are researched. Eighty-seven people participated in the online experiment. It was found that male stereotype priming had a large and significant effect on the level of Trust a subject had that another person would cooperate. Furthermore a slightly less significant effect of male-priming on Cooperation was found, but the effect of gender priming was not clear in other areas. Further research could be done to test the priming instruments, to search for more results on Trust and to explore the use of same-sex or opposite-sex priming in economic research.
Measurement of Phenotypic Variation for Control and Bacterial Leaf Blight Inoculated Rice Lines and Varieties

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a devastating disease of rice, the staple food crop of Bangladesh. Under field condition the disease significantly damages the phenotypic characteristics of the plants affecting the yield. An assessment of the phenotypic variations due to the disease in 10 rice lines and 17 rice varieties were studied at the maximum tillering stage in both natural and induced epiphytotic conditions. Along with the indigenous cultivars the test materials including the check resistant and susceptible cultivars were collected from IRRI. Significant differences in both plant height and the number of effective tillers were recorded in the check and inoculated lines and varieties. Among the rice lines, RC222 resulted the maximum reduction in plant height (3.18%) in the inoculated plants whereas RC217 yielded the minimum reduction of 1.27%. Among the rice varieties, Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10 showed the maximum reduction in plant height (11.43% and 18.22% respectively) for the inoculated plants where IRBB21, IRBB65 and Kumragur resulted 0% reduction. The number of effective tiller among the rice lines, RC251 yielded the maximum reduction of 26.19% in the inoculated plants whereas RC192 showed as minimum as 4.16% reduction. For rice varieties, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10 and BR-11 yielded the maximum reduction of 52.62%, 50.07% and 50.06% while IRBB21, IRBB65 and Kumragur showed 0 % reduction. The findings of such phenotypic variations may contribute significantly to the selection of best lines and further research to develop the disease free commercial varieties of rice against the disease.
Socioeconomic environment effect on inferential reasoning of Latin American students

Introduction. Inferential reasoning (IR) is a major component of intelligence, which comprises many different cognitive processes such as perception, memory, and logic. Many studies have proposed that socioeconomic status (SES) has a negligible association with IR, but more recent findings suggest that they may have a higher association when evaluating group instead of individual SES. Objective. The aim of this study is to test the effects of both individual (students) and group (schools) socioeconomic status on IR, comparing different countries of Latin America. Method. The sample was composed of 2 358 students aged 14 and 15 years from 52 different schools (44% public) of five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Peru). Participants took part in an inferential reasoning test and answered a socioeconomic questionnaire. Results. SES student showed a small positive correlation with IR ( r = .10, p F [2, 1944] = 74.68, p p 2 = .07), with higher IR at schools with higher SES. A significant difference of IR between countries ( F [4, 1976] = 20.68, p p 2 = .04), was also found with Peru showing the highest mean. Peru was the country with the higher percentage of private schools in the present study. A multilevel model was fitted using individual and group SES as predictors. Discussion and conclusion. Our findings showed that group SES have a higher predictive value of IR when compared to individual SES. This result suggests that individuals with low SES can benefit from studying on higher SES schools. Future research and the importance of public policies are discussed.
Does Circumgalactic O vi Trace Low-pressure Gas Beyond the Accretion Shock? Clues from H i and Low-ion Absorption, Line Kinematics, and Dust Extinction

Large O vi columns are observed around star-forming low-redshift galaxies, with a dependence on impact parameter indicating that most particles reside beyond half the halo virial radius ( ). In order to constrain the nature of the gas traced by , we analyze additional observables of the outer halo, namely to O vi column ratios of 1–10, an absence of low-ion absorption, a mean differential extinction of , and a linear relation between the O vi column and the O VI velocity width. We contrast these observations with two physical scenarios: (1) O vi traces high-pressure ( ) collisionally ionized gas cooling from a virially shocked phase, and (2) O vi traces low-pressure ( ) gas beyond the accretion shock, where the gas is in ionization and thermal equilibrium with the UV background. We demonstrate that the high-pressure scenario requires multiple gas phases to explain the observations and a large deposition of energy at to offset the energy radiated by the cooling gas. In contrast, the low-pressure scenario can explain all considered observations with a single gas phase in thermal equilibrium, provided that the baryon overdensity is comparable to the dark-matter overdensity and that the gas is enriched to with an ISM-like dust-to-metal ratio. The low-pressure scenario implies that O vi traces a cool flow with a mass flow rate of , comparable to the star formation rate of the central galaxies. The O vi line widths are consistent with the velocity shear expected within this flow. The low-pressure scenario predicts a bimodality in absorption line ratios at , due to the pressure jump across the accretion shock.
Identifying Typical Mg ii Flare Spectra Using Machine Learning

The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) performs solar observations over a large range of atmospheric heights, including the chromosphere where the majority of flare energy is dissipated. The strong Mg ii h&k spectral lines are capable of providing excellent atmospheric diagnostics, but have not been fully utilized for flaring atmospheres. We aim to investigate whether the physics of the chromosphere is identical for all flare observations by analyzing if there are certain spectra that occur in all flares. To achieve this, we automatically analyze hundreds of thousands of Mg ii h&k-line profiles from a set of 33 flares and use a machine learning technique, which we call supervised hierarchical k-means, to cluster all profile shapes. We identify a single peaked Mg ii profile, in contrast to the double-peaked quiet Sun profiles, appearing in every flare. Additionally, we find extremely broad profiles with characteristic blueshifted central reversals appearing at the front of fast-moving flare ribbons. These profiles occur during the impulsive phase of the flare, and we present results of their temporal and spatial correlation with non-thermal hard X-ray signatures, suggesting that flare-accelerated electrons play an important role in the formation of these profiles. The ratio of the integrated Mg ii h&k lines can also serve as an opacity diagnostic, and we find higher opacities during each flare maximum. Our study shows that machine learning is a powerful tool for large scale statistical solar analyses.
Copper corrosion inhibition by 2-Thiobenzylbenzothiazole in 2M nitric acid

2-Thiobenzylbenzothiazole (2TBBT) has been used as corrosion inhibitor for copper corrosion in 2.0 M nitric acid. The studies were conducted, using mass loss and a quantum chemical method based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). The corrosion rate was found to be concentration and temperature dependent. Information on adsorption of the molecule on the copper surface was assessed through isotherms, including Langmuir, Freundlich and Flory Huggins. The best fit was obtained with the modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic adsorption functions and activation ones were determined and analysed. They show a spontaneous adsorption and a chemisorption process. Quantum chemical calculations at B3LYP level with 6-31G (d) basis set lead to molecular descriptors such as EHOMO (energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital), ELUMO (energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), Δ (energy gap) and  (dipole moment). The global reactivity descriptors such as  (electronegativity),  (hardness), (softness) and  (electrophilicity index) were derived using Koopman’s theorem and analysed. The local reactivity parameters, including Fukui functions  and local softness were determined and discussed. Furthermore, the relative electrophilicity  /   and relative nucleophylicity  /   were also determined and analysed. Experimental and theoretical data are in good agreement.
Mortality and morbidity profile of preterm very low birth weight infants: A prospective longitudinal observational study

Objective: To study the survival to discharge and immediate outcome of preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Materials and Methods: Design: Prospective observational longitudinal study. Setting: Level II neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care center. Subjects: All live born inborn babies with birth weight 401-1499 g or gestational age between 22 weeks 0 day and 31 weeks 9 days. Outcome: Key outcome was survival to discharge for preterm VLBW infants. Incidence of major morbidities was assessed. Results: Of 183 neonates enrolled in the study, 73.2% babies were alive at initial disposition. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common morbidity, and infection was the most common cause of death. Lower gestational age and low APGAR score at 1 min were the most significant predictors of poor outcome. Conclusion: This study provides a baseline database for evaluating the efficiency of perinatal services in a tertiary care center. Further large-scale trials are needed to substantiate our findings and to study neurodevelopmental outcome of VLBW infants.
“Real Learning” in Service Learning: Lessons from La Clase Mágica in the US and Spain

Abstract In this article, we present initial findings of an exploratory-pilot research study that focuses on service learning as a framework to examine “real learning” and identity changes of university students participating in a community based educational activity known as La Clase Magica. Student’s reports and fieldnotes from two distinct locations: the original 25-year old project located in San Diego, California and a recent adaptation in Seville known as LCM-Seville, now completing two academic years of experience. The two programs in San Diego (US) and Seville (Spain) illustrate the types of learning that students acquire as they engage community members in activities that support community participants’ development. Keywords: service learning, real learning, narrative inquiry, diversity, higher education ----- Bibl iography: Gomez-Estern, Beatriz Macias/Martinez-Lozano, Virginia/Vasquez, Olga A. : “Real Learning” in Service Learning: Lessons from La Clase Magica in the US and Spain, IJREE, Vol. 2, Issue 2-2014, pp. 63-78. https://doi.org/10.3224/ijree.v2i2. 19547
Induced mood and the illusion of control.

Alloy and Abramson reported that depressed students give relatively accurate judgments of the degree of contingency between their responses and outcomes while nondepressed students show an "illusion of control" and overestimate their impact on objectively uncontrollable outcomes that are frequent and/or desired. The present experiment examined the directionality of the relationship between realism in judging personal control and depression. Depressed and elated mood states were induced transiently in naturally nondepressed and depressed students, respectively, and the impact of these transient mood states on susceptibility to the illusion of control was assessed. Naturally nondepressed women made temporarily depressed gave accurate judgments of control while naturally depressed women made temporarily elated showed an illusion of control and overestimated their impact on an objectively uncontrollable outcome. In addition, mood induction groups showed predicted changes in self-reported affect and a behavioral measure of depression. These findings cannot be attributed to demand characteristics because nondepressed and depressed women instructed to simulate depression and elation, respectively, behaved differently than their respective mood induction groups. An intriguing implication of these findings may be that therapeutic interventions for depression that successfully remediate depressive symptoms may also increase depressed individuals' susceptibility to the illusion of control.