Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Does Corporate Governance Affect Bank Capitalization Strategies?

This paper examines how corporate governance and executive compensation affect bank capitalization strategies for an international sample of banks over the 2003-2011 period. ‘Good’ corporate governance, which favors shareholder interests, is found to give rise to lower bank capitalization. Boards of intermediate size, separation of the CEO and chairman roles, and an absence of anti-takeover provisions, in particular, lead to low bank capitalization. However, executive options and stock wealth invested in the bank is associated with better capitalization except just before the crisis in 2006. In that year stock options wealth was associated with lower capitalization which suggests that potential gains from taking on more bank risk outweighed the prospect of additional loss. Banks’ tendency to continue payouts to shareholders after experiencing negative income shocks are shown to reflect executive risk-taking incentives.
Recruitment of damselfishes in One Tree Island lagoon: persistent interannual spatial patterns

The spatial and temporal patterns of distribution of new settlers of 23 species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) within One Tree Island lagoon, southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) were measured for 3 summers to assess the persistence of spatial patterns of recruitment. Overall recruitment was 3 times higher in 1993/1994 than 1994/1995, and 1.5 times higher than 1999. In general, recruitment decreased towards the lagoon centre, even though habitat availability was not lower there on average, suggesting that most fish settled at outer sites as they were advected from adjacent waters. There was also great variation in numbers of recruits among outer sites. Patterns of recruitment to continuous reef and patch reef habitats also differed among species, suggesting habitat selection at this broad level. For example, Pomacentrus nagasakiensis was primarily found on patch reefs, while P. moluccensis was largely found on continuous reef. One site (Shark Alley) received the highest number of recruits of most species during the study, and this pattern has been observed in studies since 1975. Despite interannual variability in abundance of potential settlers and differences in the habitat preferences of some species, therefore, some sites on the reef can receive relatively high numbers of settlers over decadal time scales. This consistency of spatial pattern may be due to local topography and oceanography at Shark Alley, which appear to favour the input of potential settlers. The availability of live coral may also be important, but species which showed no preferences for live cover also recruited at high levels at this site. The attributes of Shark Alley were compared with those at other sites. Overall, sites that clustered on the basis of oceanographic and habitat features also had similar recruitment, suggesting that these features may be useful in predicting recruitment hotspots on reefs elsewhere.
Effects of insecticides with different modes of action in the control of banana weevils (Cosmopolites sordidus) in Cameroon

The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of insecticides with different modes of action on banana borer weevil. Insecticides with different modes of action were administered to banana weevils ( Cosmopolites sordidus ) in small containers (1 litre by volume) with perforated lids and monitored in the laboratory at room temperature and pressure. The insecticides were also applied on plantain plants ( Musa sapientum ) in a field trial following five treatments, each replicated three times arranged in a complete randomized block design. The laboratory and field results revealed that Counter ® - organophosphate with active ingredient Terbuphos (Hangzhou Tianlong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China) and Regent ® - phenyl pyrazole with active ingredient fipronyl (Kalyani Industries PVT Ltd, China) were very effective (100% mortality) in the control of banana weevil. Insector ® - neonicotinoid with active ingredient imidaclopride (Heydchem Limited, China) showed a moderate effect (<20%) in the control of the weevil while Bromorex ® (botanical, with pepper and chilli extracts as active ingridients) proved to be a poor insecticide against this weevil. Bromorex ® also showed low non-mortality effects on the weevils with a high rate of egg laid and larvae emergence (17.3±4.5 and 1.6±0.4 respectively). Insector ® , Regent ® and Counter ® completely inhibited larvae emergence from eggs. Key words: insecticide, efficacy, Cosmopolites sordidus, Banana
A Latent Class Analysis of Psychopathic Traits in Civil Psychiatric Patients: The Role of criminal behaviour and victimisation

This study aimed to determine whether distinct subgroups of psychopathic traits exist in a sample of civil psychiatric patients, using data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Project ( N = 810), by means of latent class analysis. Latent class analysis was used to identify homogeneous sub-groups of psychopathic individuals. Multinomial logistic regression was used to interpret the nature of the latent classes, or groups, by estimating the associations with criminal behaviour (property and person), violence (victim of and perpetrator of), and gender. The best fitting latent class model was a four-class solution: a ‘high psychopathy class’ (class 1; 26.4%), an ‘intermediate psychopathy class’ (class 2; 16.0%), a ‘low affective-interpersonal and high antisocial-lifestyle psychopathy class’ (class 3; 31.3%), and a ‘normative class’ (class 4; 26.3%). Each of the latent classes was predicted by differing external variables. Psychopathy is not a dichotomous entity, rather it falls along a skewed continuum that is best explained by four homogenous groups that are differentially related to gender, and criminal and violent behaviour.
Traversable wormholes in four dimensions

We present a wormhole solution in four dimensions. It is a solution of an Einstein Maxwell theory plus charged massless fermions. The fermions give rise to a negative Casimir-like energy, which makes the wormhole possible. It is a long wormhole that does not lead to causality violations in the ambient space. It can be viewed as a pair of entangled near extremal black holes with an interaction term generated by the exchange of fermion fields. The solution can be embedded in the Standard Model by making its overall size small compared to the electroweak scale.
Permeability models of porous media: Characteristic length scales, scaling constants and time-dependent electrokinetic coupling

Fluidpermeabilityisoneofthemostimportantcharacteristics of a hydrocarbon reservoir, and is described by a number of empirical and theoretical models. We have taken four of the most importantmodels,eachofwhichisderivedfromadifferentphysicalapproach,andhaverewrittentheminagenericformthatimplies a characteristic scale length and scaling constant for each model. The four models have been compared theoretically and using experimental data from 22 bead packs and 188 rock cores from a sand-shale sequence in the U. K. sector of the North Sea. TheKozeny-Carmanmodeldidnotperformwellbecauseittakes no account of the connectedness of the pore network and should no longer be used. The other three models Schwartz, Sen, and JohnsonSSJ;KatzandThompsonKT;andtheRevil,Glover, Pezard,andZamoraRGPZallperformedwellwhenusedwith their respective length scales and scaling constants. Surprisingly,we found that the SSJ and KT models are extremely similar, such that their characteristic scale lengths and scaling constants arealmostidenticaleventhoughtheyarederivedusingextremely different approaches: The SSJ model by weighting the Kozeny-Carman model using the local electrical field, and the KT model by using entry radii from fluid imbibition measurements.Theexperimentallydeterminedscalingconstantsforeach model were found to be cSSJcKT8 /3cRGPZ/3. Use of these models with AC electrokinetic theory has also allowed us to showthatthesescalingconstantsarealsorelatedtotheavaluein the RGPZ model and the m* value in time-dependent electrokinetictheoryandthentoderivearelationshipbetweentheelectrokinetic transition frequency and the RGPZ scale length, which we have validated using experimental data. The practical implication of this work for permeability prediction is that the KT model should be used when fluid imbibition data are available, whereastheRGPZmodelshouldbeusedwhenelectricaldataare available.
An Backbone Guided Extremal Optimization Method for Solving the Hard Maximum Satisfiability Problem

The original Extremal Optimization (EO) algorithm and its modified versions have been successfully applied to a variety of NP-hard optimization problems. However, almost all existing EO-based algorithms have overlooked the inherent structural properties behind the optimization problems, e.g., the backbone information. This paper presents a novel stochastic local search method called Backbone Guided Extremal Optimization (BGEO) to solve the hard maximum satisfiability (MAX-SAT) problem, one of typical NP-hard problems. The key idea behind the proposed method is to incorporate the backbone information into a recent developed optimization algorithm termed extremal optimization (EO) to guide the entire search process approach the optimal solutions. The superiority of BGEO to the reported BE-EEO algorithm without backbone information is demonstrated by the experimental results on the hard Max-SAT instances. Keywords-Backbone, Extremal optimization, Maximum satisfiability problem, Phase transition
Challenges and Curriculum Transformation in the Higher Education Sector in South Africa: A Case Study in WASH to Improve the Training of Pharmacists

Abstract Introduction: South Africa is a member state of the “BRICS” bloc (BRICS2017.org, 2017) and the G20 group of the 20 nations/economic blocs, which between them account for the majority of the world’s trade and economic activity. It faces many developmental challenges which are mirrored in its higher education sector. In this article, the authors seek to provide an overview of the challenges that South African higher education faces in the achievement of the developmental goals of the country. The focus of this paper is a case study in WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) to improve context-specific responses that trains pharmacists on knowledge and skills. Methods: The study was performed as a combination of calculations and a literature review to obtain the background or current status of the higher education sector and developmental planning in South Africa. For this, data were extracted from the Statistics South Africa reports, relevant professional articles on South African higher education sector and results of postgraduate research. Workshop results which were obtained as a collaboration between a public and a private higher education institution and results of postgraduate research were used as the paradigm for transformation and decolonisation of the curriculum for a professional degree in South Africa. Results and discussion: Challenges exist in the South African tertiary education sector and the graduation rate currently stands at 65.1% of the target set by the National Development Plan. Around 58.1% of all students do not complete their university/post-secondary education, which could provide a partial explanation for the skills shortage in South Africa. Decolonisation and transformation of the tertiary education curriculum are major topics in the discourse on higher education in South Africa. The authors propose that one way to achieve this would be inclusion of research results and group activities in the area of water, sanitation and hygiene as a topic for possible and partial transformation of the Bachelor of Pharmacy curriculum. Conclusions: The current article summarises some of topics and challenges that drive the current discourse, developmental and curriculum debate in higher education in South Africa. Student access and through put at tertiary institutions need to be improved and the curriculum needs to be transformed.
Analysing Teachers’ Representations of Digital Technology Using a Grounded Theory Approach

This research work describes the first work-package of an exploratory study, which examined a group of elementary school teachers’ beliefs (representations) about digital technology in the French Polynesian context. The major objective of the study was to provide teacher education programmes with research-based information about the primary school teachers’ beliefs and practices about digital technology. The study based its theoretical assumptions about teacher beliefs on the social representations theory and its research design on the grounded theory. The data were collected via interviews using theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation methods. Interviewing and analysis procedures were implemented concurrently through the systematic use of coding and iterative analysis processes. Research results indicated that internal factors such as interest in technology, teachers’ DT skills and external factors such as support from administrators and technical maintenance played key roles in shaping teachers’ DT practices.
CHANGES IN SOYBEAN SEED QUALITY AND VIGOUR UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING DATES

Low seed quality resulting into poor stand establishment is one of the major constraint in promotion of soybean production. The present study aimed at assessing the seed quality of three indigenous varieties (Kulat brown, Kulat white, Mothi) and two improved varieties (NARC-II, Swat-84) planted at monthly interval from April to July, 2004 and 2005 at Agriculture University, Peshawar, Pakistan. The seed harvested from each treatment was subjected to accelerated aging, tetrazolium test, electrical conductivity and seedling dry weight. Maximum values for accelerated aging (73.9 %) and tetrazolium test (75.3 %) were recorded in seeds harvested from May and April planted crop respectively. However, maximum electrical conductivity (0.37 dsm -1 ) and seedling dry weight (15.7 mg) was recorded from July and June planted crops respectively. Maximum accelerated aging germination (72.2 %) and tetrazolium test values (82.4 %) were recorded for Kulat brown and Mothi respectively. Swat-84 exhibited maximum electrical conductivity (0.59 dsm -1 ) and seedling dry weight (15.9 mg). Land races demonstrated maximum values for accelerated aging test (71.2 %) and tetrazolium test (80.6 %). Improved varieties had greater electrical conductivity values (0.49 dsm -1 ) and seedling dry weight (15.7 mg). It is concluded that maximum seed quality and vigour values were determined for land races except seedling dry weight and electrical conductivity values.
Credit Scoring and Default Risk Prediction: A Comparative Study between Discriminant Analysis & Logistic Regression

This paper aims to develop models for foreseeing default risk of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for one Tunisian commercial bank using two different methodologies (logistic regression and discriminant analysis). We used a database that consists of 195 credit files granted to Tunisian SMEs which are divided into five sectors i°industry, agriculture, tourism, trade and servicesi± for a period from 2012 to 2014. The empirical results that we found support the idea that these two scoring techniques have a statistically significant power in predicting default risk of enterprises. Logistic discrimination classifies enterprises correctly in their original groups with a rate of 76.7% against 76.4% in case of linear discrimination giving so a slight superiority to the first method.
Scaffolding Facilitates Inter-School Collaborative Learning: A Case Study in China

Inter-school collaborative learning (ICL) has significant meaning for bridging the educational gap between urban and rural schools. This study examines the effectiveness of three scaffolding conditions on learning outcomes in an ICL environment. One urban primary school and one rural school were selected to participate in the inter-school collaboration. Three 6th grade classes in each school were randomly assigned to one of three scaffolding conditions: lowest-coercion scaffolding (class A), highest-coercion scaffolding (class B), or adaptive scaffolding (class C). Detailed scaffolds were designed and developed to support ICL from 8 dimensions, including 18 strategies and 27 scaffolding tools. Both process data and summative data were collected to measure the learning outcomes at both group and individual levels. Results showed that pupils with highest-coercion or adaptive scaffoldings (in class B and class C) performed better than those with lowest-coercion scaffolding (in class A). Questionnaire results also supported the effectiveness of scaffolds on inter-school collaborative learning. Findings also revealed that middle-coercion adaptive scaffolding was significantly most supportive for urban school while highest-coercion scaffolding was most suitable for rural school.
Pattern of Ophthalmic Services Utilization in the Asawase Constituency of Ghana.

Purpose: Our objective was to determine how ophthalmic services were utilized by the people of the Asawaseconstituency in the Ashanti region of Ghana Methods: One thousand six hundred and thirty (1630)Asawase citizens were sampledthrough a populationbased, cross-sectional study. Study respondents underwent comprehensive eye examination. An interview session was used to source information on their demographics, socioeconomic status, medical and ocular history and recent eye care visits. Results: There was 84% participatory rate; 1369 respondents participated in the study.Out of this number,31 % had never visited an ophthalmologist or optometrist and the 50% of them who had ever visitedan eye care clinician hadtheir last eye exams over 4 years ago.The study revealed that youngerparticipants,women and the lesseducated were more likely to have not accessed any form of eye care.Majority (31%) of the participants had never sought for the services of an ophthalmic specialist. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that further investigation into the causes of the pooruse of the available ophthalmic serviceswill help understand and improve eye care situation in this particular population.
Outcome of the Treatment of Distal Tibia Fractures by Minimal Invasive Locked Plate – A Short Term Study

Background :Treatment of fracture distal tibia is challenging. Classic open reduction and internal plate fixation requires extensive soft tissue dissection and causes periosteal injury. The locking screw-plate interface allows fracture fixation without plate–bone adherence, thus preserving the fracture hematoma, and reduces the risk of nonunion by maintaining microvascular circulation within the cortex and its investing tissues.Material & Methods: This study included 33 patients of age between 18 to 62 years with extra-articular and simple intra-articular fracture of distal tibia. All fractures were fixed by minimally invasive technique with pre-countered distal tibia locking plate under image intensifier control. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale was used for functional assessment.Results: Out of 33 there were twelve 43-A1, five A2, five A3, five B1, three B2, two C, one C2 fractures. There were 29 closed fracture and four open fracture (three type I and one type II). The overall mean time of union was 16.3 weeks. The mean AOFAS score was 93 points. In all 30 cases there were no wound problems, whereas three cases had superficial wound infection. No any cases needed secondary procedure for healing of bone.Conclusion: The short-term results shows that minimally invasive locked plating is good solution for the challenging distal tibia fracture. This technique minimizes soft tissue complication and provides good union and functional outcome.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 12-19
Analyst Forecasts and European Mutual Fund Trading

This paper addresses the questions whether European mutual fund managers rely on sell-side analyst information and whether this behavior impacts fund performance. Results show that mutual funds significantly increase (decrease) their holdings in stocks when any of the consensus forecast measures increases (decreases) within the quarter prior to the observation period. Furthermore, mutual fund managers primarily attribute high information value to consensus forecast revisions that contain positive information, that are based on a sufficiently high number of inputs, and with more unanimous inputs to the consensus. Finally, following sell-side research seems to be beneficial for mutual fund managers since our results show that stock trades that are in line with analyst forecast revisions significantly outperform trades that are contrary to analyst research.
Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan: Analisis Semiotika Film Jamila dan Sang Presiden

Jamila dan Sang Presiden adalah satu film yang muncul sebagai ungkapan kritis dari kebanyakan film Indonesia yang bertema seksualitas. Film ini menghadirkan gambaran problematika kaum perempuan seperti perdagangan, pelecehan seksual, dan prostitusi. Representasi atas realitas dalam film itu sendiri kemudian memunculkan beberapa masalah yang menarik untuk diteliti, yakni mengenai deskripsi kekerasan dan perlawanan perempuan yang dikonstruksi melalui film ini. Upaya untuk menjawab permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori feminis sosialis dan teori sikap feminis (standpoint theory) dalam paradigma kritis sebagai teori utama. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis semiotika Roland Barthes dengan fokus penelitian bagaimana representasi kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam film Jamila dan Sang Presiden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kekerasan terhadap perempuan dimanifestasikan dalam berbagai bentuk seperti kekerasan fisik, seksual, ekonomi, perampasan kemerdekaan sewenang-wenang, dan psikologis. Patriarkisme dan kapitalisme menjadi latar belakang ideologi yang mendominasi tindak kekerasan. Dalam peristiwa kekerasan dengan pelaku laki-laki terdapat konstruksi gender berdasarkan kultur patriarkis tentang sikap laki-laki yang mendominasi karena perannya sebagai subjek dan sikap perempuan yang terdominasi karena perannya sebagai objek. Hal ini kemudian membuat perempuan menjadi kelompok yang rentan mendapat kekerasan. Dalam kapitalisme, kekerasan dijalankan di bawah kekuasaan orang-orang yang mengendalikan sarana-sarana produksi dengan hubungan eksploitatif. Lebih dari itu, film ini juga menunjukkan adanya perlawanan yang dilakukan perempuan, melalui tindakannya membunuh para pelaku kekerasan. Namun perlawanan yang menggunakan sudut pandang “pemenang” atau maskulin pada akhirnya menjadi perlawanan yang kandas karena adanya ketidakkonsistenan. Pertama karena tokoh utama menyelesaikan masalah dengan kekerasan. Kedua karena akhirnya ia menyerah dengan realita ketidakadilan. Ketiga, karena ia masih menjadi pribadi yang tak mandiri karena sikap bergantungnya pada laki-laki yang berarti bahwa ia berkompromi dengan kultur patriarki. Keywords : Semiotika; Film; Kekerasan; Dominasi; Perempuan; Perlawanan
Fungal flora isolated from the skin of healthy dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Hair samples from 58 healthy camels were examined for the presence of saprophytic fungi. One -hundred and seventy-four samples were obtained from three different locations of dromedary camel's body. Several fungal specific media were used for isolating and identifying the saprophytes. Fungal isolates belonged to 15 genera. The most common in order of frequency were members of the genera (48% of the total examined camels), (16.1%), (14.2%), (5.6%), (3.1%), (2.7%), (1.1%), (1%), (0.8%), , and (0.2%). The highest frequently yeasts isolated were related to species (6%), followed by (0.6%) and species (0.2%). Skin infections caused by any of the contaminants were not encountered. The study demonstrates that