Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding the optimal guidance for enhancing anchored instruction

This study investigated the effect of different methods of guidance with anchored instruction on students' mathematical problem-solving performance. The purpose of this research was to iteratively design a learning environment to find the optimal level of guidance. Two iterations of the software were compared. The first iteration used explicit instruction upfront followed by practice problems, and the second iteration provided structured problem-solving guidance as needed to solve the problems within the software. Pilot testing was conducted with 32 fifth-grade students from two inclusive classrooms observed a year apart within a small Midwestern, urban school. A parametric analysis of covariance was used to compare the problem-solving performance of the students who used the two different iterations. Enhancing anchored instruction with structured problem-solving guidance on an as-needed basis significantly improved students' problem-solving performance on conceptually easy problems, but not for more complex problems. The implications of this research illustrate the importance of iteratively designing and developing learning environments to take into consideration the needs of a particular situation.
Promoción turística 2.0. Análisis de las redes sociales de los gobiernos iberoamericanos

El turismo es uno de los sectores economicos de mayor crecimiento a nivel mundial. Los Gobiernos Nacionales de los 22 paises Iberoamericanos utilizan la comunicacion 2.0 para la promocion y difusion de su oferta. La presente investigacion analiza la interaccion de los viajeros en los canales de promocion turistica gubernamentales. Se utilizo una combinacion de metodologias cualitativas y cuantitativas aplicadas a partir del monitoreo de los portales Web y las Redes Sociales oficiales. Entre los resultados se destaca la convergencia digital de la comunicacion tu ristica, sin embargo, no se consigue el impacto e interactividad que re quiere la comunicacion 2.0.
POSTMARKETING SURVEILLANCE RATES OF UVEITIS AND SCLERITIS WITH BISPHOSPHONATES AMONG A NATIONAL VETERAN COHORT

Purpose: Uveitis and scleritis are the most serious ocular side effects of bisphosphonate therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the 6-month rates of uveitis/scleritis following dispensing of bisphosphonates in a large veteran cohort. Methods: Two national databases (clinical and pharmacy) for fiscal year (FY) 2006 were linked to identify new diagnoses of uveitis/scleritis following the initial dispensing of bisphosphonate drugs. New diagnoses in FY 2006 were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Version 9, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), in a cohort of veterans without a previous diagnosis of uveitis or scleritis using a look-back period to FY 2005. The new diagnoses were temporally aligned with initial dispensing of bisphosphonates and the rates of new cases were calculated for 1-month and 6-month time intervals. Results: There were 7.9 new cases of uveitis/scleritis per 10,000 individuals with a newly dispensed bisphosphonate that occurred within 180 days. The relative risk of uveitis/scleritis for 6 months was 1.23 (95% confidence interval: 0.85–1.79) compared to veterans not exposed to the medications. The rates of uveitis/scleritis did not differ significantly based on route of administration (oral or parenteral) or after age adjustment. Just over a third of the diagnoses were scleritis. Nearly 43% of patients with uveitis/scleritis after bisphosphonate use had a systemic diagnosis commonly associated with inflammation of the uveal tract or sclera. Conclusions: The 30-day and 6-month rates of uveitis/scleritis following the dispensing of a bisphosphonate drug are low and do not differ significantly from rates recorded for veterans not dispensed these drugs.
Functional role and tobacco smoking effects on methylation of CYP1A1 gene in prostate cancer

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 is a phase I enzyme that can activate various compounds into reactive forms and thus, may contribute to carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression, methylation status, and functional role of CYP1A1 on prostate cancer cells. Increased expression of CYP1A1 was observed in all cancer lines (PC-3, LNCaP, and DU145) compared to BPH-1 (P < 0.05); and was enhanced further by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment (P < 0.01). Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and sequencing of bisulfite-modified DNA of the xenobiotic response element (XRE) enhancer site XRE-1383 indicated promoter methylation as a regulator of CYP1A1 expression. In tissue, microarrays showed higher immunostaining of CYP1A1 in prostate cancer than normal and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; P < 0.001), and methylation analyses in clinical specimens revealed significantly lower methylation levels in cancer compared to BPH at all enhancer sites analyzed (XRE-1383, XRE-983, XRE-895; P < 0.01). Interestingly, smoking affected the XRE-1383 site where the methylation level was much lower in cancer tissues from smokers than non-smokers (P < 0.05). CYP1A1 levels are thus increased in prostate cancer and to determine the functional effect of CYP1A1 on cells, we depleted the gene in LNCaP and DU145 by siRNA. We observe that CYP1A1 knockdown decreased cell proliferation (P < 0.05) and increased apoptosis (P < 0.01) in both cell lines. We analyzed genes affected by CYP1A1 silencing and found that apoptosis-related BCL2 was significantly down-regulated. This study supports an oncogenic role for CYP1A1 in prostate cancer via promoter hypomethylation that is influenced by tobacco smoking, indicating CYP1A1 to be a promising target for prostate cancer treatment.
High continuous positive airway pressure level induces ventilation/perfusion mismatch in the prone position

ObjectiveGas exchange in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome is influenced by posture. The combined effect of continuous positive airway pressure and posture has not been investigated. We studied the effect of normal spontaneous breathing, and that of continuous positive airway pressure, on ventilation/perfusion distributions in healthy volunteers while they were in supine and prone positions. SettingNuclear medicine department in a university hospital. DesignExperimental study. SubjectsSixteen healthy volunteers. InterventionsIn the supine or prone position, the subjects inhaled a technetium-labeled aerosol (technetium-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) through a tight-fitting mask. Single photon emission computed tomography images of the lungs were obtained. The subjects then received an intravenous injection of technetium-99m-labeled macroaggregates of albumin, and an identical single photon emission computed tomography imaging was performed. In the group that received continuous positive airway pressure, an end-expiratory pressure of 10 cm H2O was applied during both inhalation and injection. Measurements and Main Results During spontaneous breathing, ventilation/perfusion distribution assessed by regression analysis was uniform (i.e., not significantly different from zero) both in supine and prone positions, with a slope of −1.5 ± 3.5%/cm supine and 1.5 ± 3.5%/cm prone. During continuous positive airway pressure breathing in the supine position, ventilation/perfusion had a slope of −3.4 ± 2.4 compared with 8.3 ± 1.1%/cm in the prone position according to analysis of spatial resolution. ConclusionThere was a less favorable ventilation/perfusion ratio in the prone position when the subjects were exposed to continuous positive airway pressure of 10 cm H2O.
Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Introduction. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important horticultural crop. Its fruits are used for slicing and pickling and juice extraction worldwide. In India, both the fruits and seeds have long been used in the manufacture of traditional medicines that act as skin conditioners, diuretics and body coolants. Thus, cucumber is a potential candidate for an edible vaccine (6). In India, studies on cucumber tissue culture in general and transformation in particular are very limited (1). In the present study, a reliable transformation and regeneration protocol is reported for cv. Green Long, which is widely cultivated in India.
Structural and Functional Studies on the N-terminal Domain of the Shigella Type III Secretion Protein MxiG

MxiG is a single-pass membrane protein that oligomerizes within the inner membrane ring of the Shigella flexneri type III secretion system (T3SS). The MxiG N-terminal domain (MxiG-N) is the predominant cytoplasmic structure; however, its role in T3SS assembly and secretion is largely uncharacterized. We have determined the solution structure of MxiG-N residues 6–112 (MxiG-N(6–112)), representing the first published structure of this T3SS domain. The structure shows strong structural homology to forkhead-associated (FHA) domains. Canonically, these cell-signaling modules bind phosphothreonine (Thr(P)) via highly conserved residues. However, the putative phosphate-binding pocket of MxiG-N(6–112) does not align with other FHA domain structures or interact with Thr(P). Furthermore, mutagenesis of potential phosphate-binding residues has no effect on S. flexneri T3SS assembly and function. Therefore, MxiG-N has a novel function for an FHA domain. Positioning of MxiG-N(6–112) within the EM density of the S. flexneri needle complex gives insight into the ambiguous stoichiometry of the T3SS, supporting models with 24 MxiG subunits in the inner membrane ring.
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS IN 2348 CASES OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMIES

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the "gold standard" surgical procedure for treating gallstones although some complications appear more frequently than with the open technique. Several aspects of these complications and their treatment possibilities are analyzed. Materials and methods: Over the duration of last eight years 2348 LCs have been performed at MAMC Agroha, out of these 258 (11%) were men and 2090 (89%) women. Ages ranged between 24 and 89 years, and 6.4% patients were aged above 65 years. Acute cholecystitis was present in 8.5% of the patients and 42.8% patients were obese. Results: The most common operative complications encountered were haemorrhage (99 cases, 4.2%), iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder (458 cases, 19.5%) and common bile duct (CBD) injuries (6 cases, 0.3%). Conversion to open operation was necessary in 66 patients (2.8%), usually due to obscure anatomy because of acute inflammation. The main postoperative complications were bile leakage (33 cases), haemorrhage (6 cases), sub-hepatic abscess (4 cases) and retained bile duct stones (9 cases). Among patients with postoperative complications 36.5% responded to conservative treatment and 23.1% required open surgery. In 40.4% of cases minimally invasive procedures were used successfully: 6 laparoscopic re-operations (for choleperitoneum, haemoperitoneum and subhepatic abscess) and 15 endoscopic sphincterotomies (for bile leakage from the subhepatic drain and for retained CBD stones soon after operation). Three deaths were recorded (0.1%). Conclusion: Most of the postoperative complications except for the bile duct injuries were resolved by conservative or minimally invasive treatment. The good results obtained allow us to recommend these minimally invasive procedures in appropriate patients to decrease the morbidity due to copmlications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Therapeutic hypothermia in ST elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials

Objective Our objective is to gain a better understanding of the efficacy and safety of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) through an analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Background Several RCTs have suggested a positive outcome with the use of TH in the prevention of myocardial injury in the setting of an acute STEMI. However, there are currently no clinical trials that have conclusively shown any significant benefit. Methods Electronic databases were used to identify RCTs of TH in the patient population with STEMI. The primary efficacy end point was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). Secondary efficacy end points included all-cause mortality, infarct size, new myocardial infarction and heart failure/pulmonary oedema (HF/PO). All-bleeding, ventricular arrhythmias and bradycardias were recorded as the safety end points. Results Six RCTs were included in this meta-analysis, enrolling a total of 819 patients. There was no significant benefit from TH in preventing MACE (OR, 01.04; 95% CI 0.37 to 2.89), all-cause mortality (OR, 1.48; 95% CI 0.68 to 3.19), new myocardial infarction (OR, 0.99; 95% CI 0.20 to 4.94), HF/PO (OR, 0.52; 95% CI 0.15 to 1.77) or infarct size (standard difference of the mean (SDM), −0.1; 95% CI −0.23 to 0.04). However, a significant reduction of infarct size was observed with TH utilisation in anterior wall myocardial infarction (SDM, −0.23; 95% CI −0.45 to −0.02). There was no significant difference seen for the safety end points all-bleeding (OR 1.32; 95% CI 0.77 to 2.24), ventricular arrhythmias (OR, 0.85; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.36) or bradycardias (OR, 1.16; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.83). Conclusions Although TH appears to be safe in patients with STEMI, meta-analysis of published RCTs indicates that benefit is limited to reduction of infarct size in patients with anterior wall involvement with no demonstrable effect on all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction or HF/PO.
A scalable MPEG-2 bit-rate transcoder with graceful degradation

This paper describes a scalable MPEG-2 bit-rate transcoder which scales from low complexity, resulting in moderate picture quality to high complexity with much better quality. This algorithm presents a very fine grain scalability in terms of complexity, making this solution especially suitable for software implementations, in order to benefit from the available resources to increase picture quality.
Hormonal factors involved in the regulation of basal body temperature during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

THE biphasic aspect of the basal body temperature during the normal menstrual cycle is now a well-established fact. The temperature rise of three-fifths to one degree Fahrenheit which occurs at or about the time of ovulation is a phenomenon frequently used diagnostically and therapeutically. There are frequent variations from this typical biphasic curve, with its abrupt midcycle rise, which have been commented upon elsewhere (1), but generally speaking the rise maintains itself until the onset of the next menstrual period during which it drops to its preovulatory level. In the event that pregnancy occurs and the next menstrual period fails to appear when expected, the basal temperature does not return to its preovulatory level, but continues at or about the level maintained during the latter two weeks of the menstrual cycle. This, in itself, is a fairly accurate diagnostic sign of pregnancy. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: first, to present evidence as to the actual cause of the temperature rise du.
BICARBONATE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN THE INTESTINE OF THE SEAWATER EEL

Utilizing a pH-stat method, the rates of mucosal and serosal alkalinization were measured separately in the seawater eel intestine. These two rates were dependent on contralateral HCO3− concentration and were inhibited by contralateral application of DIDS, an inhibitor of HCO3− transport, indicating that the mucosal and serosal alkalinization are due to HCO3− secretion and absorption, respectively. The mucosal alkalinization was enhanced after inhibiting Na+/K+/Cl− cotransport by treatment with bumetanide, furosemide or Ba2+, with a latent period of more than lOmin, suggesting that HCO3− absorption from mucosa to serosa depends on Na+/K+/Cl− cotransport. The serosal alkalinization caused by HCO3− absorption was completely abolished after mucosal application of bumetanide. After pretreatment with bumetanide, mucosal omission of Cl− halved the enhanced rate of mucosal alkalinization, and Na+ omission had no effect on it; this indicates that the exit of HCO3− into the lumen depends on luminal Cl−, i.e. on the existence of the usual C1−/HCO3− exchange on the brushborder membrane. When serosal Na+ was removed under the same conditions, mucosal alkalinization was reduced, indicating that HCO3− entry from the serosal fluid depends on Na+. Serosal omission of Cl− did not reduce mucosal alkalinization. In addition, serosal alkalinization was enhanced by serosal removal of Na+ but not of Cl−. These results suggest that there is a Na+/HCO3− cotransport on the basolateral membrane. A possible model for HCO3− transport systems in the seawater eel intestine is proposed, and a possible role for these transport systems is discussed in relation to Na+, Cl− and water transport.
Enhancement of Pleasure during Spontaneous Dance

Dancing emphasizes the motor expression of emotional experiences. The bodily expression of emotions can modulate the subjective experience of emotions, as when adopting emotion-specific postures and faces. Thus, dancing potentially offers a ground for emotional coping through emotional enhancement and regulation. Here we investigated the emotional responses to music in individuals without any prior dance training while they either freely danced or refrained from movement. Participants were also tested while imitating their own dance movements but in the absence of music as a control condition. Emotional ratings and cardio-respiratory measures were collected following each condition. Dance movements were recorded using motion capture. We found that emotional valence was increased specifically during spontaneous dance of groovy excerpts, compared to both still listening and motor imitation. Furthermore, parasympathetic-related heart rate variability (HRV) increased during dance compared to motor imitation. Nevertheless, subjective and physiological arousal increased during movement production, regardless of whether participants were dancing or imitating. Significant correlations were found between inter-individual differences in the emotions experienced during dance and whole-body acceleration profiles. The combination of movement and music during dance results in a distinct state characterized by acutely heightened pleasure, which is of potential interest for the use of dance in therapeutic settings.
A Unified Model for Spatial and Temporal Information

Many applications of spatial information systems require not just spatial data handling but a unified approach to space and time. This paper begins by motivating this requirement with some examples, continues by identifying some of the key issues in this area and then discusses a unified generic model for information which is referenced to two spatial dimensions and two temporal dimensions (database and event times)
Fetal Leptin Influences Birth Weight in Twins with Discordant Growth

The objective of this study was to determine the plasma leptin concentrations in twin pregnancies in relation to chorionicity and discordant fetal growth. We studied 53 twin pregnancies of which 26 had growth discordance of ≥20% and 27 were concordant for growth (discordance of ≤10%). Paired maternal and fetal blood samples were obtained at birth. Plasma leptin concentrations were measured by RIA. In discordant monochorionic pregnancies, fetal plasma leptin concentrations in the intrauterine growth-restricted twins were lower than the co-twins with normal growth (mean difference, 3 ng/mL; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.3 ng/mL;p < 0.001), whereas no such differences were present between concordant monochorionic twin pairs (mean difference, 0.1 ng/mL; 95% CI, −0.2 to 0.5 ng/mL; NS). Similarly, fetal plasma leptin concentrations in appropriate-for-gestational-age twins were higher than in the intrauterine growth-restricted twins of the discordant dichorionic pregnancies (mean difference, 2.4 ng/mL; 95% CI, 1.8 to 3.1 ng/mL;p < 0.001). No such differences were present between the concordant dichorionic twin pairs (mean difference, 0.2 ng/mL; 95% CI, −0.1 to 0.5 ng/mL; NS). Maternal plasma leptin concentrations were comparable among all four groups and were higher than the fetal levels. Fetal plasma leptin concentrations of the intrauterine growth-restricted twins of discordant monochorionic and dichorionic pregnancies were comparable. There was a positive association between cord plasma leptin concentrations and the birth weight of twin pairs (y = 0.002 x − 0.32;r = 0.63;p < 0.001;n = 106). A significant positive association was also found between percent differences in birth weight and fetal delta plasma leptin concentrations of the discordant monochorionic and dichorionic twin pairs (y = 0.057 x + 0.93;r = 0.60;p < 0.001, n = 26). In conclusion, irrespective of chorionicity, plasma leptin concentrations in intrauterine growth-restricted twins were 2-fold lower than their co-twins with normal growth. These differences may be attributed to placental factors.
The Use of the Balloon‐Tipped Floating Catheter in Temporary Transvenous Cardiac Pacing

The effectiveness and safety of balloon‐tipped, flow guided, electrodes for ventricular pacing as opposed to the fluoroscopy‐guided semi‐rigid bipolar electrodes have never been compared in a controlled study. A prospective study was therefore undertaken to compare both techniques in semi‐elective and emergency procedures. Flow guided electrodes were inserted in 67 patients (group A) and semi‐rigid electrodes in 44 patients (group B). The results of group A were judged to be superior to those of group B in four aspects: a) shorter insertion time (6′45″ vs. 13′30″, p < 0.0005); b) lower incidence of catheter displacement (13.4 vs. 32.0 percent, p < 0.05); c) longer interval of time between implantation and catheter displacement (4.4 vs. 1.9 days, p < 0.0005); d) lower incidence of serious ventricular arrhythmias during insertion (1.5 vs. 20.4 percent, p < 0.005). Threshold at insertion was not significantly different (0.6 ± 0.3 vs 0.7 ± 0.2 milliampere). The superiority of flow‐guided electrodes over fluoroscopy‐guided electrodes persisted in the comparison of semielective insertions in groups A and B. We conclude that the flow‐guided insertion technique is safer, more expeditious and more stable than the fluoroscopy‐guided technique in semi‐elective as well as in emergency insertions. (PACE, Vol. 4, September‐October, 1981)
Time and space in cyber social reality

This article synthesizes a range of sociological views on time and space, and presents a departure point for future research on cyber social reality. Using basic sociological categories of culture, structure, and interaction, the cyber social reality is drawn into a matrix that further illustrates the embeddedness in technology, time, and space. The matrix is a theoretically and empirically grounded tool for exploring, describing, analyzing, and comparing the variety existing within online communities and communication. In the article, the matrix is illustrated step by step to show its inherent dimensions, and in conclusion it is proposed to be a useful systematic for, on the one hand, ensuring ethnographically thick descriptions of online social life, and on the other, comparing the various reality constructions found.