Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Return Reversals: Overreaction or Taxes?

Long-term reversals in U.S. stock returns are better explained as the rational reactions of investors to locked-in capital gains than an irrational overreaction to news. Predictors of returns based on the overreaction hypothesis have no power, while those that measure locked-in capital gains do, completely subsuming past returns measures that are traditionally used to predict long-term returns. In data from Hong Kong, where investment income is not taxed, reversals are nonexistent, and returns are not forecastable either by traditional measures or by measures based on the capital gains lock-in hypothesis that successfully predict U.S. returns. Copyright 2007 by The American Finance Association.
Current progress in patient-specific modeling

We present a survey of recent advancements in the emerging field of patient-specific modeling (PSM). Researchers in this field are currently simulating a wide variety of tissue and organ dynamics to address challenges in various clinical domains. The majority of this research employs three-dimensional, image-based modeling techniques. Recent PSM publications mostly represent feasibility or preliminary validation studies on modeling technologies, and these systems will require further clinical validation and usability testing before they can become a standard of care. We anticipate that with further testing and research, PSM-derived technologies will eventually become valuable, versatile clinical tools.
Effects of enzyme (Xzyme) supplementation on the performance of laying hens fed diets containing different levels of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) leaf meal.

An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the additive effect of enzyme (Xzyme) and cassava leaf meal on the performance of laying hens. The cassava leaf meal (CLM) replaced different levels of fishmeal at levels of 0, 5, and 10% CLM in three iso-nitrogenous diets. One hundred and twenty Lohman strains of layers at thirty-weeks of age were randomly assigned to the three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment had forty birds, with ten birds per replicate. The initial average liveweight of birds from each replicate was 1.7 kg. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Data collected included feed intake, liveweight gain, egg production, carcass characteristics, hematology and serum biochemistry. Economics of production was also calculated. Feed intake of birds on the treatment groups with CLM + xzyme was not different from those on the control. Final weight gain of birds on diet with 10% CLM +xzyme was lower than their counterparts on the other diets. Carcass weight of birds was not affected by dietary treatments. There was no difference in egg production, egg weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit and egg mass between dietary treatments. The rate of utilization of feed was reduced with inclusion of CLM in diet, with birds on 5% CLM+xzyme based diet recording the least feed conversion ratio (FCR). Except for heart, kidney, full proventriculus, full and empty gizzard, the other organs showed differences in their weights. All hematological parameters investigated except Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) showed difference in their mean values. The total serum protein (TSP), albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio showed differences. Cost benefit analysis indicated that profit derived from the incorporation of CLM+xzyme in the diets was the same as control diet.
Ionizing Radiation-inducible Apoptosis in the Absence of p53 Linked to Transcription Factor EGR-1*

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a pivotal regulator of apoptosis, and prostate cancer cells that lack p53 protein are moderately resistant to apoptotic death by ionizing radiation. Genes encoding the transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR-1) and cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were induced upon irradiation of prostate cancer cells, and inhibition of EGR-1 function resulted in abrogation of both TNF-α induction and apoptosis. Induction of the TNF-α gene by ionizing radiation and EGR-1 was mediated via a GC-rich EGR-1-binding motif in the TNF-α promoter. Because TNF-α induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, these findings suggest that, in the absence of p53, ionizing radiation-inducible apoptosis is mediated by EGR-1 via TNF-α transactivation.
Standard tactical services in a military disruption-tolerant network: Field tests

Standard applications are unable to perform well in delay- and disruption-tolerant networks (DTNs) due to frequent lack of end-to-end connectivity and long communication delays. Such applications must be thus adapted to be able to operate in disadvantageous network conditions. In a previous work on adapting standard tactical applications for DTN networks, we proposed how such an adaptation may be achieved in a transparent way. In this paper, we present results from field tests in a radio-based military DTN, deployed in a mountainous area of Greding (Germany). We discuss conclusions and lessons learned from the test: What we succeeded to achieve and what could be improved to make the tests more complete and valuable.
Murine Cathepsin F Deficiency Causes Neuronal Lipofuscinosis and Late-Onset Neurological Disease

ABSTRACT Cathepsin F (cat F) is a widely expressed lysosomal cysteine protease whose in vivo role is unknown. To address this issue, mice deficient in cat F were generated via homologous recombination. Although cat F−/− mice appeared healthy and reproduced normally, they developed progressive hind leg weakness and decline in motor coordination at 12 to 16 months of age, followed by significant weight loss and death within 6 months. cat F was found to be expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS). cat F−/− neurons accumulated eosinophilic granules that had features typical of lysosomal lipofuscin by electron microscopy. Large amounts of autofluorescent lipofuscin, characteristic of the neurodegenerative disease neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), accumulated throughout the CNS but not in visceral organs, beginning as early as 6 weeks of age. Pronounced gliosis, an indicator of neuronal stress and neurodegeneration, was also apparent in older cat F−/− mice. cat F is the only cysteine cathepsin whose inactivation alone causes a lysosomal storage defect and progressive neurological features in mice. The late onset suggests that this gene may be a candidate for adult-onset NCL.
THE PRACTICE OF ECT IN INDIA : ISSUES RELATING YO THE ADMINISTRATION OF ECT

A questionnaire on ECT, tapping altitudes, opinions and usage, was mailed to all medical members of the Indian Psychiatric Society whose addresses were known; 263 (28.8%) responded. This paper, the first in a series that presents the results of the survey, provides demographic data on the respondents and covers issues relating to the administration of ECT. Specific issues discussed include the ECT personnel, location of the ECT facility, certain ECT prescription patterns, psychiatrist-patient interactions on suggestion of ECT, pre-ECT investigations, frequency of administration of ECT, use of regressive ECT and maintenance ECT, length of the ECT course across diagnoses, and use of psychotropic drugs in relation to the ECT course.
Surveilling Cirque Archaos: Transgression and the Spaces of Power in Popular Entertainment

L'A. examine les theses defendues par F. Manning et G. Debord. Ceux-ci considerent que le spectacle est une metaphore de la modernite et que celle-ci est elle-meme un spectacle. Il s'interroge, d'une part, sur l'evolution culturelle consecutive au phenomene de globalisation lie au developpement des transports et des moyens de communication et, d'autre part, sur le pluralisme culturel qu'elle promeut. Il examine la consommation culturelle populaire en matiere de spectacle. Il s'interesse plus particulierement au cirque Archaos ou transparait un esprit de subversion
Effects of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets on metabolism and performance in cycling.

We compared the effects of high-fat and high-carbohydrate dietary conditions on metabolism and short- and ultra-endurance cycling performance. Seven cyclists (VO(2)max 72 +/- 7 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) underwent a 2-week adaptation to each of the following 3 diets: 14-day high carbohydrate with 70 +/- 9 percent energy (%E) carbohydrate, 16 +/- 5%E fat, and 14 +/- 2%E protein; 14-day high fat with 66 +/- 10%E fat, 20 +/- 3%E protein, and 15 +/- 4%E carbohydrate; and 11.5-day high-fat diet followed by 2.5-day carbohydrate-loading. The conditions included a pre-exercise meal of the same composition as the preceding diet. Each diet condition was preceded by a 2-week standardizing normal diet. The exercise test lasted approximately 5 hours and comprised a 15-minute trial, an incremental test to measure the peak fat-oxidation rate, and a 100-km trial. Sports bars and a 5% carbohydrate solution were ingested during the tests. The diets had no statistically significant effect on 15-minute performance, although the high-fat condition tended to reduce distance covered by -2.4% (95% confidence interval: -5.4% to +0.6%, P =.11) relative to the fat with carbo-loading condition. In the 100-km time trial, the high-fat and the fat with carbohydrate-loading conditions attenuated the decline in power output observed in the high-carbohydrate condition (P =.03 to.07), although the corresponding improvement in performance time of 3% to 4% (-2% to 10%) was not statistically significant (P =.16 to.22). Power output during the final 5 km of the time trial in the fat with carbo-loading condition was 1.3-fold (1.0 to 1.6, P =.04) greater than in the high-carbohydrate condition. Overall, for every 10%E increase in dietary fat, 100-km mean power increased by 2% (-0.0% to 4%, P =.06). Relative to the high-carbohydrate condition, the high-fat conditions resulted in the following metabolic changes consistent with greater lipolysis and fuel availability: lower plasma insulin concentration before exercise (P <.0001), and during exercise a 10% to 20% higher plasma-glucose concentration (P <.01), higher plasma glycerol (P <.05), and a 2.5-fold to 2.9-fold increase in the peak fat-oxidation rate (P <.0001). In conclusion, high-fat dietary conditioning increased fat oxidation, and although the main effects were not statistically significant, there was some evidence for enhanced ultra-endurance cycling performance relative to high-carbohydrate.
Bacteriology of urinary tract infection among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Jos, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND The study was set to find out the bacterial agents causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS Two hundred patients with AIDS on admission at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) were recruited into this study. Urine sample was collected from each patient and processed. Other information was obtained with protocol questionnaire. The results were analyzed using Epi Info 6. RESULTS The prevalence of UTI in AIDS patients was found to be 24% and control 10.6%. Escherichia coli were the commonest Gram-negative isolate followed by Klebsiella species. Enterococcus species was the commonest Gram-positive organism. CONCLUSION There should be extreme caution whenever the need arises to catheterize AIDS patients.
Comparison of the Personal Health Questionnaire and the Self Reporting Questionnaire in rural Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE To apply ROC analysis to select the best threshold scores for the PHQ and SRQ; to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ and SRQ against a criterion diagnosis of depressive disorder in a community sample in rural Pakistan, and to examine the influence of socio-demographic factors on misclassification. METHODS The study used a two-stage design. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the optimal threshold score and to compare the ability of the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and the Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ) to discriminate between cases of depressive disorder and non-cases. RESULTS The results of the ROC analysis suggest that the SRQ is superior to the PHQ, and at the threshold of 5/6, the SRQ has superior sensitivity, negative predictive value and percentage agreement compared with the PHQ. When the SRQ threshold is raised it gains specificity, and at a cut-off threshold of 7/8 it is superior to the PHQ (5/6) in all validity coefficients and percentage agreement. Only gender and the presence of a confidant had a significant effect on misclassification using the SRQ among the cases. Both questionnaires performed better for females based on comparison of the areas under the ROC curves. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that the Urdu translations of both the PHQ and SRQ can be used as screening tests for depressive disorder in the Pakistani population. People with little or no education answer both somatic and psychological items with equal ease. Inconclusion, the PHQ does not appear to have any advantage over the SRQ.
TNPO3 Is Required for HIV-1 Replication after Nuclear Import but prior to Integration and Binds the HIV-1 Core

ABSTRACT TNPO3 is a nuclear importer required for HIV-1 infection. Here, we show that depletion of TNPO3 leads to an HIV-1 block after nuclear import but prior to integration. To investigate the mechanistic requirement of TNPO3 in HIV-1 infection, we tested the binding of TNPO3 to the HIV-1 core and found that TNPO3 binds to the HIV-1 core. Overall, this work suggests that TNPO3 interacts with the incoming HIV-1 core in the cytoplasm to assist a process that is important for HIV-1 infection after nuclear import.
Foundation of Evidence-Based Decision Making for Health Care Managers—Part II: Meta-analysis and Applying the Evidence

This article is a continuation of a 2-part series that seeks to build the skills of health care managers and supervisors in critically reading and interpreting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The first article, part I, defined the types of systematic reviews and outlined the process of conducting them. This article, part II, focuses on meta-analysis, a type of systematic review. This article explains the additional procedures associated with meta-analyses and describes the potential shortcomings of both systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Finally, this article provides a way for health care managers and supervisors to appraise systematic reviews and meta-analyses and to determine whether the evidence applies to their problems and settings.
The thyroid hormone receptor functions as a ligand‐operated developmental switch between proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors

The avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) oncoprotein v‐ErbA represents a mutated, oncogenic thyroid hormone receptor α (c‐ErbA/ TRα). v‐ErbA cooperates with the stem cell factor‐activated, endogenous receptor tyrosine kinase c‐Kit to induce self‐renewal and to arrest differentiation of primary avian erythroblasts, the AEV transformation target cells. In this cooperation, v‐ErbA substitutes for endogenous steroid hormone receptor function required for sustained proliferation of non‐transformed erythroid progenitors. In this paper, we propose a novel concept of how v‐ErbA transforms erythroblasts. Using culture media strictly depleted from thyroid hormone (T3) and retinoids, the ligands for c‐ErbA/TRα and its co‐receptor RXR, we show that overexpressed, unliganded c‐ErbA/ TRα closely resembles v‐ErbA in its activity on primary erythroblasts. In cooperation with ligand‐activated c‐Kit, c‐ErbA/ TRα causes steroid‐independent, long‐term proliferation and tightly blocks differentiation. Activation of c‐ErbA/ TRα by physiological T3 levels causes the loss of self‐renewal capacity and induces synchronous, terminal differentiation under otherwise identical conditions. This T3‐induced switch in erythroid progenitor development is correlated with a decrease of c‐ErbA‐associated histone deacetylase activity. Our results suggest that the crucial role of the mutations activating v‐erbA as an oncogene is to ‘freeze’ c‐ErbA/ TRα in its non‐liganded, repressive conformation and to facilitate its overexpression.
Assessing cognitive representations of mental health problems. II. The illness perception questionnaire for schizophrenia: Relatives' version.

OBJECTIVE To design a questionnaire to assess cognitive representations of mental health problems held by relatives of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. BACKGROUND The ways in which relatives respond to patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been shown to impact on outcome. Understanding variation in relatives' responses is essential if successful interventions are to be developed. This study builds on previous research exploring attributions that relatives make about symptoms. The development of a new measure to assess beliefs that relatives have about schizophrenia is reported; The Illness Perception Questionnaire for Schizophrenia - Relatives version (IPQS-Relatives). METHOD Sixty-two relatives completed the IPQS-Relatives, along with measures of general psychopathology, burden, appraisal of coping, and expressed emotion. The psychometric properties of the IPQS-Relatives were analysed, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and discriminant and concurrent validity. RESULTS IPQS-Relatives subscales were shown to be internally consistent and stable over time. Correlations with measures of general psychopathology, distress, burden, coping, and criticism indicate that the subscales have good concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS The IPQS-Relatives can be used to assess relatives' beliefs about schizophrenia. This measure may aid family interventions that target beliefs associated with negative outcome for patients and their relatives.
Nonlinear Observer-Based Robust Passive Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators for Power System Stability Enhancement via Energy Reshaping

The large-scale penetration of wind power might lead to degradation of the power system stability due to its inherent feature of randomness. Hence, proper control designs which can effectively handle various uncertainties become very crucial. This paper designs a novel robust passive control (RPC) scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) for power system stability enhancement. The combinatorial effect of generator nonlinearities and parameter uncertainties, unmodelled dynamics, wind speed randomness, is aggregated into a perturbation, which is rapidly estimated by a nonlinear extended state observer (ESO) in real-time. Then, the perturbation estimate is fully compensated by a robust passive controller to realize a globally consistent control performance, in which the energy of the closed-loop system is carefully reshaped through output feedback passification, such that a considerable system damping can be injected to improve the transient responses of DFIG in various operation conditions of power systems. Six case studies are carried out while simulation results verify that RPC can rapidly stabilize the disturbed DFIG system much faster with less overshoot, as well as supress power oscillations more effectively compared to that of linear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and nonlinear feedback linearization control (FLC).
Managerial Expectations Regarding Internet Commerce Adoption after the "Tech Wreck" of 2000 - An Australian Perspective

Internet commerce has been greeted with much excitement in the popular, practitioner and researcher literature over its brief lifetime. Many firms fervently pursued Internet commerce based business models in the belief that the initial costs would be justified by future returns. The “tech wreck” of early 2000 saw a sudden drop in ecommerce uptake. Only a limited amount of research has examined managerial expectations regarding adoption of this technology, especially after the crash of 2000. This study examines such post-crash expectations of managers of Australian companies regarding Internet commerce adoption. Based on literature analysis, it proposes a set of business expectations from technology adoption, these being the desire to gain a competitive advantage, to remove a competitive disadvantage, improve communication, reduce organisational costs and improve functionality. The study finds that, in the short and long term, managers still hope to acquire a competitive advantage and to benefit from improved communication with customers and shareholders. The results also suggest that managers are optimistic about functionality improvements in the long term but that some scepticism may have emerged regarding other benefits purportedly obtainable from Internet e-commerce adoption.
Grainyhead-related transcription factor is required for duct maturation in the salivary gland and the kidney of the mouse

Duct epithelial structure is an essential feature of many internal organs, including exocrine glands and the kidney. The ducts not only mediate fluid transfer but also help to maintain homeostasis. For instance, fluids and solutes are resorbed from or secreted into the primary fluid flowing through the lumen of the ducts in the exocrine glands and kidneys. The molecular mechanism underlying the functional maturation of these ducts remains largely unknown. Here, we show that a grainyhead-related transcription factor, CP2-like 1 (CP2L1), is required for the maturation of the ducts of the salivary gland and kidney. In the mouse, Cp2l1 is specifically expressed in the developing ducts of a number of exocrine glands, including the salivary gland, as well as in those of the kidney. In Cp2l1-deficient mice, the expression of genes directly involved in functional maturation of the ducts was specifically reduced in both the salivary gland and kidney, indicating that Cp2l1 is required for the differentiation of duct cells. Furthermore, the composition of saliva and urine was abnormal in these mice. These results indicate that Cp2l1 expression is required for normal duct development in both the salivary gland and kidney.
INVESTIGATING EVOLUTIONARY TRADE‐OFFS IN WILD POPULATIONS OF ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR): INCORPORATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES AND INDIVIDUAL HETEROGENEITY

Evolutionary trade‐offs among demographic parameters are important determinants of life‐history evolution. Investigating such trade‐offs under natural conditions has been limited by inappropriate analytical methods that fail to address the bias in demographic estimates that can result when issues of detection (uncertain detection of individual) are ignored. We propose a new statistical approach to quantify evolutionary trade‐offs in wild populations. Our method is based on a state‐space modeling framework that focuses on both the demographic process of interest as well as the observation process. As a case study, we used individual mark–recapture data for stream‐dwelling Atlantic salmon juveniles in the Scorff River (Southern Brittany, France). In freshwater, juveniles face two life‐history choices: migration to the ocean and sexual maturation (for males). Trade‐offs may appear with these life‐history choices and survival, because all are energy dependent. We found a cost of reproduction on survival for fish staying in freshwater and a survival advantage associated with the “decision” to migrate. Our modeling framework opens up promising prospects for the study of evolutionary trade‐offs when some life‐history traits are not, or only partially, observable.