Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bonding nano-filled resin-modified glass ionomer to dentin using different self-etch adhesives.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the shear bond strength of the nano-filled resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) to dentin using different self-etch adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two resin-based restorative materials, a nano-filled RMGI (Ketac Nano-100, 3M ESPE) and a restorative composite (Grandio, VOCO) were bonded to bovine dentin using four self-etch adhesives (Futurabond M, VOCO; Adper Easy Bond, 3M ESPE; G Bond, GC Corp; and One Coat, Coltène). One hundred bovine anterior teeth were used in this study. Subsequent to labial enamel removal, each adhesive was applied according to manufacturer instructions. Fifty teeth were restored with the nano-filled RMGI and the other 50 were restored with the resin composite. Cylinders of 3×2 mm from the two restorative materials were bonded to dentin, and the specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours. Shear bond strength testing was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Two randomly selected specimens from each group were chosen for evaluation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Failure modes were evaluated using the stereomicroscope. All data for shear bond strength in MPa were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was carried out using SAS program (SAS, 1988). RESULTS Two-way analysis of variance revealed that the adhesives, the restorative materials, and their interactions (adhesives and restorative materials) had a significant effect on the shear bond strength to bovine dentin. CONCLUSIONS Self-etch adhesives used in this study can adequately bond the nano-filled RMGI to dentin.
Modulation of Cocaine‐induced Sensitization by κ‐Opioid Receptor Agonists: Role of the Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex

The behavioral effects of cocaine are enhanced in individuals with a prior history of intermittent cocaine use.1 This phenomenon, referred to as behavioral sensitization, can persist for months following the cessation of drug use and has been implicated in the reinstatement of compulsive drug-seeking behavior.2 Abstinence from cocaine also produces long-term alterations in mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Basal DA levels within the nucleus accumbens (NAC) are elevated during the early phase of abstinence from cocaine and there is a progressive increase in cocaine-evoked DA levels as abstinence proceeds.1,3 These alterations in DA neurochemistry are thought to underlie the initiation and expression of behavioral sensitization. The coadministration of κ-opioid receptor agonists with cocaine prevents the development of sensitization to cocaine.4 Systemically administered κ-opioid agonists also prevent alterations in DA neurochemistry that occur within the NAC during abstinence from cocaine. The site of action of κ-opioid agonists in producing these effects is unknown. The present studies examined the role of κ-opioid receptors in the NAC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mediating the interaction of κ-opioid agonists with cocaine.
Discontinuous and continuous space vector modulations for a nine-switch inverter

This paper proposes a developed space vector modulation (SVM) method of discontinuous and continuous modulation schemes for the nine-switch inverter. In this proposed, its simplicity is the mathematical analysis based on the two-level SVM principle in order to form the modulating waves. Later on, these modulating waves are compared with two carrier waves to generate the gating signals. As a consequence, the proposed SVM method provides a new switching state operation for the nine-switch inverter with the usefulness of more reduced switching commutation for both discontinuous and continuous modulation schemes compared with the conventional SVM method. Simulation results are given for validating the performance of the proposed method, demonstrating in good accordance with the theoretical analysis.
The relationship between sources of moral authority, political attitude and authoritarianism

Individuals with different political attitudes attribute their political tendencies to different sources of moral authority. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between moral authority sources, political attitude and authoritarianism. A total of 128 subjects from two universities participated in this study by completing the Moral Authority Test-Revised (MAS-R) and the Authoritarianism Scale. Respondents were also asked regarding their political tendencies. Findings showed no significant difference of political attitudes in attribution to different sources of moral authority and authoritarianism. There was however a significant relation of authoritarianism with external source of moral authority, but not with principle and self interest sources. This implies that authoritarians relied on external source of authority figures in moral judgment rather than one's own interest or principle issues. The findings were discussed in terms of the characteristics of the sample and sociopolitical sphere of Iran.
TV Wars: Exclusive Content and Platform Competition in Pay TV

The paper examines incentives for exclusive distribution of premium television content such as live sports and Hollywood movies. Static analysis shows that a pay TV operator with premium content always chooses to supply its retail rival, using per-subscriber fees to soften competition. Incorporating platform competition, however, exclusive content gives its holder a market share advantage that is amplified by dynamic effects. Under some conditions this benefit outweighs the opportunity cost of forgone wholesale fees, making exclusivity the equilibrium choice. The analysis explains the observed incidence of content exclusivity in pay TV. Specific dynamic mechanisms are explored, and welfare and policy implications are discussed.
Reversal of heart failure in thalassemia major by combined chelation therapy: a case report

Abstract: In patients with thalassemia major (TM) who are non‐compliant with long‐term desferrioxamine (DFO) chelation, survival is limited mainly because of cardiac complications of transfusional hemosiderosis. Combined chelation therapy with DFO and deferiprone has maximized the efficacy of the therapy and reduced cardiological complications. The aim of this report is to present the results of this combination in a desperate case of heart failure.
ANALYSIS OF ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST USING MODIFIED ORAL MINIMAL MODEL TO DIAGNOSE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES Original Article

Objective: In this paper, a mathematical model with the new insulin system for describing the modified oral minimal model of glucose plasma levels is introduced. This model is combined with non linear least-squares method is used to analyze the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in humans. Methods: We used this model to analyze the published data of OGTT test to study 741 subjects, including normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. Reducing the number of blood glucose samples needed and the duration of the tests is necessary to enhance the usability of the mathematical model. In this work, the model was to extrapolate sample data to reduce the number of samples and duration of the OGTT test. Results: The estimated results from this model for glucose sample showed the good correlation to the reference data. The results showed that the 180 min 4glucose sample could provide a reasonable basis to enhance the use of the modified oral minimal model approach to NGT, IGT and T2DM subjects. The averaged R2 value between experimental and calculated plasma concentrations is 0.960, which indicates excellent agreement. Conclusion: The averaged R2 value is 0.960, it indicates that a reduction in sample data is possible by using the modified oral minimal model approach to diagnosis of NGT, IGT and T2DM subjects.
Effects of Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation on Color Stability, Lipid Oxidation and Reducing Ability of Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) Beef during Retail Display

The effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation (control; 200 IU/head/day, 500 IU/head/day and 1,000 IU/head/day) on color stability, lipid oxidation and total reducing ability in M. longissimus and M. semimembranosus from Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steer during retail display (3±1°C, 1,200 lux) were investigated. The L * , a * , b * , C * , R630-R580 values and TRA (total reducing ability) of 1,000 IU group were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the other groups. The a * , C * , R630-R580 and TBARS values were significantly (p<0.05) higher in M. longissimus than in M. semimembranosus. The a * , C * , R630-R580 values and TRA for two beef muscles declined gradually during storage and the decline was more rapid in control and 500 IU groups. Hue angle and metmyoglobin (%) for two beef muscles increased (p<0.05) as display time increased, and 1,000 IU group had a lower rate of metmyoglobin accumulation during retail display. The TBARS values for two beef muscle were significantly (p<0.05) lower in 1,000 IU group than in the other groups over time. Consequently, the meat from 1,000 IU vitamin E-supplemented Hanwoo steer extended retail display life compared to the control and 500 IU/head/day. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 10 : 1529-1534)
Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic.

Experienced ease of recall was found to qualify the implications of recalled content. Ss who had to recall 12 examples of assertive (unassertive) behaviors, which was difficult, rated themselves as less assertive (less unassertive) than subjects who had to recall 6 examples, which was easy In fact, Ss reported higher assertiveness after recalling 12 unassertive rather than 12 assertive behaviors. Thus, self-assessments only reflected the implications of recaUed content if recall was easy The impact of ease of recall was eliminated when its informational value was discredited by a misattribution manipulation. The informative functions of subjective experiences are discussed.
Efficacy of bromocriptine on glycemic and metabolic control of prediabetic patients

Background: It is suggested that bromocriptine could be effective in treatment of prediabetic patients and, consequently, in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of bromocriptine on glycemic and metabolic control of prediabetic patients. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind, placebo controlled trial study, prediabetic patients diagnosed during Isfahan Diabetes Prevention Project (IDPP) were enrolled. They randomized in two bromocriptine (2.5 mg) and placebo-treated groups, for 12 weeks. After physical examination, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, Insulin, cholesterol, HDL-c, and triglyceride were measured and glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. HOMA-IR and LDL-c were calculated. The mean of the data were compared in the bromocriptine and placebo treated groups, before and after intervention by intention to treat analysis using mixed effect model. P values < 0.05 were considered, statistically, significant. Results: In this study, 53 prediabetic patients (27 in the bromocriptine group and 26 in the placebo group) were treated. There were no differences between data of two groups at baseline (P > 0.05). The mean body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and glucose of 30 min, 60 min, 120 min of post OGTT, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile did not change, significantly, in both bromocriptine and placebo-treated groups after 12 weeks (P > 0.05). However, diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.02) and the area under the curve of glucose (P = 0.045) were decreased in the bromocriptine-treated group. Conclusion: Bromocriptine did not have significant effect on glycemic control of prediabetic patients. Further studies, with bigger sample size are recommended.
Identification, Characterization, and Regulation of a Cluster of Genes Involved in Carbapenem Biosynthesis in Photorhabdus luminescens

ABSTRACT The luminescent entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens produces several yet-uncharacterized broad-spectrum antibiotics. We report the identification and characterization of a cluster of eight genes (named cpmA to cpmH) responsible for the production of a carbapenem-like antibiotic in strain TT01 of P. luminescens. The cpm cluster differs in several crucial aspects from other car operons. The level of cpm mRNA peaks during exponential phase and is regulated by a Rap/Hor homolog identified in the P. luminescens genome. Marker-exchange mutagenesis of this gene in the entomopathogen decreased antibiotic production. The luxS-like signaling mechanism of quorum sensing also plays a role in the regulation of the cpm operon. Indeed, luxS, which is involved in the production of a newly identified autoinducer, is responsible for repression of cpm gene expression at the end of the exponential growth phase. The importance of this carbapenem production in the ecology of P. luminescens is discussed.
Plasticity of prospective memory through a familiarization intervention in old adults

ABSTRACT Younger adults consistently outperform older adults in laboratory prospective memory tasks. This study examines the effectiveness of an intervention that familiarizes older adults with the sequence of ongoing events to compensate their reduced prospective memory performance. We compared performance and electrophysiological measures of an intervention group (N = 20, 69–83 years) receiving a familiarization intervention to an individually matched control group (N = 20). As ongoing activity a 2-back working memory task was administered. Neural correlates were studied using event related potentials (ERPs) and source localization (standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography). Behavioural data showed faster reaction times in correct prospective trials and fewer prospective false alarms in the familiarization intervention group. ERP analyses displayed differential patterns for the two groups and source localization measures distinctively presented group differences in prospective memory trials with the control group recruiting more resources for a successful prospective memory performance. Together our data support the hypothesis that the familiarity with the sequence of ongoing events increases prospective memory performance and that this might be based on a higher efficiency of attentional monitoring resources and evaluation processes in the intervention group.
Cloning and transcriptional analysis of two threonine biosynthetic genes from Lactococcus lactis MG1614

Two genes, hom and thrB, involved in threonine biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis MG1614, were cloned and sequenced. These genes, which encode homoserine dehydrogenase and homoserine kinase, were initially identified by the homology of their gene products with known homoserine dehydrogenases and homoserine kinases from other organisms. The identification was supported by construction of a mutant containing a deletion in hom and thrB that was unable to grow in a defined medium lacking threonine. Transcriptional analysis showed that the two genes were located in a bicistronic operon with the order 5' hom-thrB 3' and that transcription started 66 bp upstream of the translational start codon of the hom gene. A putative -10 promoter region (TATAAT) was located 6 bp upstream of the transcriptional start point, but no putative -35 region was identified. A DNA fragment covering 155 bp upstream of the hom translational start site was functional in pAK80, an L. lactis promoter probe vector. In addition, transcriptional studies showed no threonine-dependent regulation of hom-thrB transcription.
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD STANDARDS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: CURRENT STATE AND STIPULATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION

Electromagnetic field standards in the West are based on well-established acute biological effects that could be considered as signaling a potentially adverse health effect. The specific absorption rate, which is proportional to the tissue heating (thermal effects), represents the basic restriction of exposure to Radio-Frequency (RF) fields. On the other hand, Eastern European standards are designed to protect from potential non-thermal effects that might be caused by chronic exposure to very low intensities, where a so-called “power load” (a product of field intensity and duration of exposure) represents the basic limitation. Thus, electromagnetic field standards in Eastern European countries differ considerably from those which are proposed by the International Commission of Non-ionizing Radiation Protection and the Standards Coordinating Committee 28 of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. In the present paper, the strategies for development of exposure limit values in electromagnetic fields standards currently in force in Eastern and Central European countries are discussed. Some differences as well as similarities of the national health and safety standards and the main obstacles to harmonization of these standards with those being established by Western national and international organizations and agencies are presented.
Cerebral metabolite abnormalities correlate with clinical severity of HIV-1 cognitive motor complex

Objective: To investigate the relation between biochemical alterations and disease severity in HIV–cognitive motor complex (HIV–CMC). Background: HIV–CMC encompasses both the milder form (HIV–minor cognitive motor disorder [HIV–MCMD]) and the more severe form (HIV–dementia). There is no validated marker to monitor disease severity noninvasively. Methods: A total of 54 patients with HIV–CMC (20 with HIV–MCMD, 34 with HIV–dementia) and 29 seronegative healthy volunteers were evaluated for cerebral metabolite abnormalities using proton (1H) MRS in the frontal cortex, frontal white matter, and basal ganglia. Results: The three subject groups showed different concentrations of myoinositol (MI; p = 0.0005) and choline-containing compounds (CHO; p = 0.004) in the frontal white matter. HIV–dementia patients had metabolite changes in all three brain regions whereas HIV–MCMD patients had abnormalities in the frontal white matter only. HIV–CMC patients had elevated MI (p < 0.0001) and CHO (p = 0.004) levels with increasing AIDS dementia complex stage, and N-acetyl compounds (NA) were decreased only in moderate to severe stages of dementia. Furthermore, CD4 count and CSF viral load, but not plasma viral load, showed significant effects on cerebral metabolite concentrations, which in turn showed significant effects on the HIV–dementia scale. Conclusions: In early stages of HIV–CMC, frontal white matter showed evidence of glial proliferation (with elevated MI and CHO levels) and cell membrane injury (with increased CHO levels), but no significant neuronal injury (with normal NA concentrations). HIV–MCMD and HIV–dementia patients have different neurochemical abnormalities. Because these biochemical alterations are related to clinical disease severity, they may be useful surrogate markers for noninvasive quantitative assessment of brain injury in patients with HIV–CMC.
Sonographic incidence of polycystic ovaries in a gynecological population

The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in a large population of 1078 women of reproductive age was determined by pelvic ultrasonography. The ovarian ultrasonic appearance of 183 (17%) women met the morphological criteria of polycystic ovaries. Of these women, 147 (80.3%) had irregular cycles (group A) and 36 (19.70%) had normal cycles (group B). The remaining women constituted the control group. Ovarian volume was calculated in all women in whom at least one ovary was visualized. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were measured in 124 women from group A, 25 from group B and 50 controls. Mean ovarian volume was statistically higher in both group A (13.4 ml) and group B (11.8 ml) than in the control group (6.2 ml). Mean LH/FSH ratio and mean testosterone values were statistically higher in group A only (2.1 and 1.1 ng/ml, respectively) compared with the mean values in the control group (0.7 and 0.7 ng/ml, respectively). Obesity and hirsutism were more common in group A than in group B and the controls.
Network science and the human brain: Using graph theory to understand the brain and one of its hubs, the amygdala, in health and disease

Over the past 15 years, the emerging field of network science has revealed the key features of brain networks, which include small‐world topology, the presence of highly connected hubs, and hierarchical modularity. The value of network studies of the brain is underscored by the range of network alterations that have been identified in neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and many others. Here we briefly summarize the concepts of graph theory that are used to quantify network properties and describe common experimental approaches for analysis of brain networks of structural and functional connectivity. These range from tract tracing to functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography. We then summarize the major findings from the application of graph theory to nervous systems ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to more complex primate brains, including man. Focusing, then, on studies involving the amygdala, a brain region that has attracted intense interest as a center for emotional processing, fear, and motivation, we discuss the features of the amygdala in brain networks for fear conditioning and emotional perception. Finally, to highlight the utility of graph theory for studying dysfunction of the amygdala in mental illness, we review data with regard to changes in the hub properties of the amygdala in brain networks of patients with depression. We suggest that network studies of the human brain may serve to focus attention on regions and connections that act as principal drivers and controllers of brain function in health and disease. †Published 2016
Dual roles of TLR7 in the lung cancer microenvironment

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists are under investigation for their ability to enhance antitumor immune responses. However, these agonists can also stimulate TLR7-expressing tumor cells. High TLR7 expression in the primary tumor confers poor clinical outcome and resistance to chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. This protumorigenic effect of TLR7 has been validated in murine models of lung carcinoma.