Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partner rotation or extended rotations? The effect of confirmation bias and motivated reasoning bias on objectivity and independence: A framework

Abstract We propose a two-dimensional audit rotation framework on auditors’ rotation that contributes to the discussion on the potential impact of alternatives to strengthen and maintain unbiased attitude, objectivity, and independence. According to the conceptual outlines of this framework, auditors’ objectivity and independence might be enhanced by dealing with confirmation bias and motivated reasoning bias. In this study, we outline and propose potential academic inquiries that could be addressed and tested under this framework. We draw upon research on accounting, auditing, psychology, and economics to discuss the potential consequences of different audit rotation alternates on auditors’ objectivity and independency. A framework is proposed with two-dimensional effects: confirmation bias and motivated reasoning bias. The research implications of the framework indicate that, to varying degrees, various audit rotation arrangement alternatives to the current partner-only rotation mandate in the U.S. could potentially enhance auditors’ objectivity and independency by mitigating confirmation bias and motivated reasoning bias, thus producing more objective and independent audit opinions. This study fills the void in the literature by providing a two-dimensional framework to the current literature of audit rotation for categorizing and comparing different audit rotation alternatives. The framework also enables us to shed light on the relative efficacy of different rotation arrangements on auditors’ objectivity and independence.
Validity of a Tympanic Thermometer and Thermal Imaging Camera for Measuring Core and Skin Temperature during Exercise in the Heat

ABSTRACT This study compared criterion to minimally invasive, practical measures of core (Tc) and skin (Tsk) temperature during 30 min of moderate-intensity cycle exercise in a heat chamber (35°C, 60% rH). Tc was monitored using a core temperature pill (Tc(Pill)) and tympanic thermometer (Tc(Tymp)) during rest, exercise, and recovery in 15 participants. Tsk was monitored using hard-wired skin thermistors attached to a data logger (Tsk(T)) and a thermal imaging camera (Tsk(IR)) in 11 participants. Tc measurement resulted in no significant difference (p > 0.05), a mean bias of 0.1°C, coefficient of variation (CV%) of 1.0%, and correlation of r = 0.74 between devices. Tsk measurement resulted in a significant difference (p = 0.01), a mean bias of 0.6°C, CV% of 2.3%, and correlation of r = 0.61 between devices. Tc(Tymp) demonstrated acceptable agreement with Tc(Pill); however, caution is advised when using Tsk(IR) to give accurate measures of Tsk during exercise.
Phubbing friends: Understanding face threats from, and responses to, friends’ cell phone usage through the lens of politeness theory

The study examined friends’ phubbing (i.e., the act of snubbing a relational partner by using a cell phone in his/her presence), through the lens of politeness theory. Quantitative and qualitative data from 404 participants revealed that, although most accepted the behavior and did not view it as a face-threatening act (FTA), others perceived it as face threatening, particularly of positive face, eliciting varied negative emotions. Specific behaviors such as repeatedly looking at the phone or playing a game alone had the highest positive face-threat scores. Most chose not to respond to the FTA. Results indicated that increased perception of the behavior as face threatening was associated with higher reported likelihood of responding with politeness strategies, although no specific strategy emerged as the preferred response.
Statistical Learning over Manifolds and its applications in Computer Vision

The aim of this thesis is to develop a consistent general parametric modeling framework based on analytic manifolds. In practice, the structures of most real-world data such as images and videos have a very complex nature, and that is why it is assumed that instead of linear vector space (Euclidean space), such data may actually lie in nonlinear differentiable manifolds (Riemannian space). This assumption of differentiable manifolds suggests that the nonlinear manifolds of high dimensional structures are intrinsically low dimensional spaces. In other words, such nonlinear manifold structures of data are locally homeomorphic to Euclidean space of comparatively very low dimensionality. Based on the manifolds assumption, in this thesis a novel parametric classification method on Stiefel and Grassmann manifolds is presented. In order to process the manifold-valued data, matrix-variate Fisher, Angular Central Gaussian (ACG) and Bingham distributions of most general settings were considered. The proposed method exploits these distributional models with the inclusion of normalizing constants that naturally appear within them. To calculate the normalizing constants of the prescribed models, the method of asymptotic series approximation, Taylor series approximation, Laplace’s approximation and the method of Saddle-Point Approximation (SPA) to a new setting have been extended. Furthermore, the standard theory Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) have been employed to evaluate the involved parameters in the used probability density functions. The validity and performance of the proposed generalized Bayesian framework based on normalizing constants being calculated by several different approaches have been studied for one set of synthetic data for Stiefel manifolds case and for 36 real world visual classification databases in the context of Grassmann manifolds. The new approach has been compared against existing approaches in the current literature and it has been confirmed that this new generalised Bayesian parametric modeling approach measurably improved the classification accuracy.
An Action Research on EFL Writing Dilemmas: A Case of Saudi Students and Instructors

Learning to write in a second language is a great challenge for students; however, certain factors might minimize these challenges. In general, the Saudi students face difficulty to develop the writing competence in a foreign language because they rely on instructors as a sole source of knowledge. Therefore, the study investigated the English language writing in a university in Saudi Arabia. It implemented an action research design based on three main phases; namely, exploration, intervention, and reflection stage. The main questions asked include how the instructors view the writing style of students within the setting and how they perceived the English language writing curricula among the students. The data drew several conclusions that provided insight into the Saudi Higher Education concerning English as a foreign language (EFL) classes. The first is the spoon-feeding of Saudi learners throughout their educational years; therefore, they find it challenging to gain hold of their learning. Second, writing in English is a challenging task for Saudi students. Third, some of the students memorize writing passages to pass their English course. Fourthly, teaching to write was done by focusing on form, writing mechanics, rather than communicative aspects of writing and genre. This study has contributed towards the understanding of Saudi learners in university language classrooms analyzing their perceptions and expectations.
The Cue-dependency of the “Reminiscence Bumps” in Autobiographical Memory and Memory for Public Events

The reminiscence bump most commonly refers to the disproportionate number of autobiographical memories, in adults aged ≥40 years, dating from youth and early adulthood. Whereas the bump in autobiographical memory has primarily been studied by psychologists, it has been paralleled in the sociology literature in a spike in recall for public events that occurred at a similar period of the lifespan. This chapter reviews findings illustrating that the temporal location of the bump (in autobiographical memory) and the frequency with which it is found (in memory for public events) vary according to the cueing method used to elicit the memories. For instance, in autobiographical memory, the bump is earlier when memories are elicited through cue words than when memories are elicited through requests for important memories. In memory for public events, the bump is more frequently attained when recall is tested through open-ended recall than when it is tested through knowledge tests. It is argued that these findings indicate that retrieval processes play a large role in the bump in each domain, and therefore challenge most existing theoretical accounts, which stress encoding processes. The relevant retrieval processes in each domain are then discussed. Finally, the implications of the reviewed findings, in particular those concerning autobiographical memory, are discussed as they relate to models of the organization of autobiographical memory.
Do trustful labor–management relations enhance innovation? Evidence from German WSI data

Analyzing a sample of German firms, our Probit analysis shows that conflictual Anglo-Saxon type labor–management relationships are negatively related to the probability of performing R&D and to introduce innovations. We add to the Varieties of Capitalism literature a number of arguments of why cooperative Rhineland labor relations are superior in handling the ‘routine’ innovation model in knowledge-intensive industries. Notably if innovative competences are based on the stepwise accumulation over long periods of bits and pieces of knowledge for the continuous improvement of products, processes or systems, cooperative Rhineland labor relations appear to be superior to conflictual Anglo-Saxon labor relations.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Recurrent Quantification Analysis in the context of Human-Humanoid Interaction

Movement variability is defined as the variations that occur in motor performance across multiple repetitions of a task and such behaviour is an inherent feature within and between each persons' movement. Quantifying movement variability is still an open problem, particularly when traditional methods in time domain and frequency domain fail to detect tiny modulations in frequency or phase for time series. We therefore consider methodologies from nonlinear dynamics such as reconstructed state space (RSS), uniform time-delay embedding (UTDE), recurrence plots (RPs) and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) metrics. These algorithms require time series measured with sensors that provide well sampled data with little noise. However, for this study, we are interested in the analysis of data collected through wearable inertial sensors (IMUs) and its post-processing effects in each of the nonlinear dynamics methodologies. Twenty right-handed healthy participants (mean and standard deviation (SD) age of mean=19.8 (SD=1.39)) performed an experiment in human-humanoid imitation activities (H-H-I). Then IMUs were attached to the participants and the humanoid robot performed simple vertical and horizontal arm movements in normal and faster speed. With four window lengths and three levels of smoothed time series, we found visual differences in the patterns of RSSs and RPs. Then using metrics of RQA, we find out that the type of movements and the level of smoothness affects those metrics. In particular, we found that entropy values from RQA were well distributed and presenting variation in all the conditions for time series. Hence, we demonstrated the potential of nonlinear techniques to quantify human movement variability in the context of H-H-I can enhance the development of better diagnostic tools for various applications rehabilitation, sport science or for new forms of human-robot interaction.
Personalising music for more effective mood induction: Exploring activation, underlying mechanisms, emotional intelligence, and motives in mood regulation

The present studies investigated the effects of personal (i.e., self-selected) music and music pre-selected by the researcher on the induction of sadness and joy while taking into consideration the influences of perceptual and individual factors in line with a reciprocal-feedback model (RFM). Regarding music perception, spreading activation in the cognitive network triggered by music and the BRECVEMA (Brain stem reflexes, Rhythmic entrainment, Evaluative conditioning, Contagion, Visual imagery, Episodic memory, Musical expectancy, Aesthetic judgement) mechanisms underlying musical emotions were explored using quantitative and qualitative self-reports. For individual factors, trait and ability emotional intelligence and motives in mood regulation were controlled. Results from the pilot study (Study 1, N = 66) confirm that music chosen by participants exerts stronger effects on reported mood, and that sadness and joy are evoked primarily by contagion and episodic memory associated with music. Study 2 (N = 149) replicated and extended these findings. Reports of a conscious marker for spreading cognitive activation (e.g., familiarity or engagement with the music) was higher when listening to personal music, yet also when inducing joy. When sadness was induced, higher activation was also related to participants’ more frequent reports of BRECVEMA mechanisms. For emotional intelligence, clarity of emotions promotes joy while management of emotions promotes sadness. Emotion recognition impairs induction of both moods. Motives of discharge, mental work, and solace influence inductions of sadness, and diversion influences inductions of joy. Finally, the RFM provides a comprehensive conceptualisation of mood induction, integrating situation, music, and listener.
Foundations of Arrogance: A Broad Survey and Framework for Research

We consider the topic of arrogance from a cross-disciplinary viewpoint. To stimulate further research, we suggest three types of arrogance (individual, comparative, and antagonistic) and six components contributing to them, each logically related to the next. The components progress from imperfect knowledge and abilities to an unrealistic assessment of them, an unwarranted attitude of superiority over other people, and related derisive behavior. Although each component presumably is present to some degree when the next one operates, causality might flow between components in either direction. The classification of components of arrogance should reduce miscommunication among researchers, as the relevant concepts and mechanisms span cognitive, motivational, social, and clinical domains and literatures. Arrogance is an important concept warranting further study for both theoretical and practical reasons, in both psychopathology and normal social interaction. Everyone seems to have qualities of arrogance to some degree, and we consider the importance of arrogance on a spectrum. We contend that humankind can benefit from a better understanding of the cognitive limitations and motivational biases that, operating together, appear to contribute to arrogance. We bring together information and questions that might lead to an invigorating increase in the rate and quality of cross-disciplinary research on arrogance.
Difficulties in developing a curriculum for pre-service science teachers

Course outlines for science teachers, designed and developed at 6 universities, were critically analysed and compared with the guidelines for science education set out in the national policy framework known as the Minimum Requirements for Teacher Education Qualifications (MRTEQ) to identify the characteristics of a competent science teacher. Researchers used qualitative means to elicit data from the curriculum documents and in-depth interviews with science teacher educators at the institutions that participated in the study. The analysis of data focused on identifying views and perspectives that informed selection and organisation of curriculum content and pedagogical approaches. The findings that emerged from the data analysis point to both convergence and divergence among science teacher educators in terms of (i) interpretations of the policy on the minimum requirements for teacher qualifications, (ii) conceptualising hybridisation of academic content knowledge from different disciplines in the fields of science, and (iii) conceptualisation of pedagogical content knowledge for integrated approaches to teaching and learning of knowledge. A lack of uniformity in the conceptualised academic content and the conceptual framework to develop pedagogical content knowledge for the interdisciplinary school subject, Natural Sciences, pointed to the challenges facing departments of sciences education to produce competent teachers. Keywords: conceptualisation; curriculum development; knowledge integration; science disciplinary content knowledge
Supporting mental health professionals in making decisions about disclosure of lived experience : acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a guided self-help intervention

s and titles screened for potential eligibility: n = 736 Studies identified as potentially eligible: n = 70 Full text articles were retrieved and assessed for eligibility using revised inclusion/exclusion criterial by two independent raters. Excluded as title and abstract not relevant to review question or found to be a duplicate (not previously identified by Excel): n = 666 Studies included in the review: n = 16 Excluded overall: n = 54. Reasons: -Disclosure not focused on HIV: n = 1 -Did not explore relationship between disclosure and self-stigma: n = 25 -Effect of disclosure on self-stigma not a main focus: n = 22 -Participants did not meet inclusion criteria: n = 6
Holocaust survivors’ perspectives on using community aged care and support services

Abstract The extant literature on Jewish Holocaust survivors’ experiences of receiving aged care services typically focuses on the risk that formal care settings may reactivate traumatic memories. Absent from previous research have been the viewpoints of older survivors themselves regarding their aged care experiences. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to investigate Jewish Holocaust survivors’ lived experience of using community aged care services. Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. The credibility of the findings was ensured by methodological triangulation and peer debriefing. Four major themes emerged from the analysis: wanting carers to do their job well; being supported to maintain autonomy; having a good relationship with the carer; and being understood as an individual. Although Holocaust survivors described the lived experience of using community aged care services in terms of universal themes similar to those identified with other groups of care recipients, the data revealed that this experience is intertwined with individual earlier-life traumatic experiences. This study has implications for training age care staff who work with Holocaust survivors and older trauma survivors from other refugee backgrounds.
Students’ achievement emotions in university courses – does the teaching approach matter?

ABSTRACT Students’ achievement emotions have an impact on learning and academic success. Therefore research on learning and teaching in higher education should not only focus on cognitive outcomes but on students’ emotions, as well. The aim of our quasi-experimental study was to analyze students’ achievement emotions based on the control-value approach in different instructional settings. An intervention was carried out with two teachers and 217 students referring to self-determination theory. We tested the influence of a student-oriented versus a teacher-centered approach on students’ experience of self-determination and their achievement emotions. The results show a generally high level of students’ positive achievement emotions. As expected, more autonomy and participation are experienced in student-oriented settings, but not more positive and less negative emotions than in teacher-centered settings. Main quantitative results are being discussed in terms of theoretical and methodological implications.
Safeguarding, Chaplaincy and English Professional Football

In recent years, English professional football has been rocked by allegations of historical sexual abuse and safeguarding concerns around young players. This paper examines the potential contribution that sports chaplains can make to the specific welfare needs of elite youth footballers within the wider context of safeguarding practices and protocols. Comprising a small-scale, sociological study involving welfare personnel at English Premier League and English Football League Championship clubs, the paper identifies the scope and potential of sports chaplaincy in relation to the practical outworking of safeguarding policy. Findings reveal that elite youth footballers face a number of pressures specific to the highly competitive environment in which they work and that various safeguarding issues routinely arise amidst these pressures. The paper concludes by suggesting that sports chaplains are ideally placed to provide safeguarding and wider welfare support to young players as a consequence of their independence from team management structures and their prioritization of holistic care above performance-related issues.
Evaluating a short-form Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in adolescents: Evidence for a four-factor structure and invariance by time, age, and gender

Little is known about whether a widely used mindfulness measure in adults—the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)—is also reliable and valid in adolescents. The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of a 20-item short-form FFMQ in a sample of 599 high school students (M age = 16.3 years; 49% female) living in the U.S. Students completed the FFMQ and a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing aspects of psychological well-being and social skills 3 times over the course of one academic year. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a modified four-factor hierarchical model (excluding the Observe subscale and 1 item from the Describe subscale) best fit the data. This four-factor, hierarchical FFMQ demonstrated evidence of measurement invariance across time, gender, and grade level. Reliabilities for the FFMQ total score and its subscales ranged from . 61 to . 88. The FFMQ total score, and its subscales (excluding Observe), demonstrated evidence of convergent (e.g., with self-compassion) and discriminant (e.g., with social perspective taking skills) validity. Finally, the FFMQ total score and Act with Awareness, Nonjudgment, and Nonreactivity subscales demonstrated evidence of incremental predictive validity for cross-time changes in psychological well-being outcomes (e.g., perceived stress). Overall, results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of a short-form FFMQ for use in high-school-age adolescents.