Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical training: challenges for a new millennium.

It is a challenging and intimidating task to comment on the thoughts of several prominent leaders in the field of psychotherapy research and training. For many years I have turned to their scholarly writings for guidance, insight, and understanding. I have also urged my students to read their articles and books, to attend their presentations, and to listen carefully to the reports of these experts about the state of psychotherapy. In the present context Drs. Watkins and Guarnaccia have invited this impressive group of experts to offer their views on the direction in which psychotherapy training is moving and the particular implications of these trends for psychotherapy educators and training programs. To paraphrase the once popular television commercials about an American investment company, "When Levenson, Strupp, Mahrer, Boulet, and Beutler talk, people listen. " When thinkers of this stature share their wisdom, I listen carefully, and I urge my colleagues who are involved in psychotherapy training to do the same. In my brief comments, I will discuss some of the challenges that we educators face and attempt to offer some recommendations that are based, in part, on the views of these contributors.
Increased ATPase activity produced by mutations at arginine-1380 in nucleotide-binding domain 2 of ABCC8 causes neonatal diabetes

Gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel subunits Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR1 (ABCC8) are a common cause of neonatal diabetes mellitus. Here we investigate the molecular mechanism by which two heterozygous mutations in the second nucleotide-binding domain (NBD2) of SUR1 (R1380L and R1380C) separately cause neonatal diabetes. SUR1 is a channel regulator that modulates the gating of the pore formed by Kir6.2. KATP channel activity is inhibited by ATP binding to Kir6.2 but is stimulated by MgADP binding, or by MgATP binding and hydrolysis, at the NBDs of SUR1. Functional analysis of purified NBD2 showed that each mutation enhances MgATP hydrolysis by purified isolated fusion proteins of maltose-binding protein and NBD2. Inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by MgADP was unaffected by mutation of R1380, but inhibition by beryllium fluoride (which traps the ATPase cycle in the prehydrolytic state) was reduced. MgADP-dependent activation of KATP channel activity was unaffected. These data suggest that the R1380L and R1380C mutations enhance the off-rate of Pi, thereby enhancing the hydrolytic rate. Molecular modeling studies supported this idea. Because mutant channels were inhibited less strongly by MgATP, this would increase KATP currents in pancreatic beta cells, thus reducing insulin secretion and producing diabetes.
Failed sterilisation: evidence‐based review and medico‐legal ramifications

Sterilisation is one of the most common procedures in the world. Around 50,000 female sterilisations are performed every year in the UK, although there is a suggestion of a worldwide downward trend in sterilisation procedures. Surgical techniques used in female sterilisation are designed to prevent pregnancy by occluding tubal patency through mechanical device application, electrocautery or by tubal excision and separation. These are shown in Table 1. Laparoscopic tubal occlusion by clip or ring is the preferred method of female sterilisation in the UK, and has replaced the earlier preference for tubal electrocautery. Laparoscopic sterilisation using the Filshie clip is the principal method in Europe, Canada and Australia and is becoming popular in the USA since licensing in 1996. Conception occurring after sterilisation is termed failed sterilisation, and can occur several years after the procedure; one case was described after an interval of 23 years. Complications can occur during sterilisation. The complication rate of interval laparoscopic sterilisation in one large multicentre study was 4.5 per 1000, with vascular or bowel injury, or inability to complete sterilisation laparoscopically, cited as the main reasons for conversion to laparotomy. Other complications include intractable localised pelvic pain, mesosalpingeal tears, tubal transection, tubal torsion and necrosis, tubo-ovarian abscess, uterine perforation, thermal bowel injury by electrocoagulation, pelvic or wound infection, delayed migration of Filshie clips (urethra, rectum, vagina), psychological symptoms and regret. Mortality attributed to the sterilisation procedure is extremely low, and has been estimated to vary from 1 to 2 per 100,000 for procedures performed in the United States, to 4 per 100,000 in developing countries, and is consequent to operative and anaesthetic related complications. Of significance, sterilisation decreases the risk of ovarian cancer but increases the risk of subsequent hysterectomy and ectopic pregnancy.
124 Tep ( Total Extraperitoneal Repair ) Hernia Repair – Short Stay Surgery

Aim: The purpose of this study is to present our experience of total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair and to know the feasibility of short course hospital stay Method: Between November 2013 to November 2016 over a period of three years, 100 consecutive patients who underwent TEP at Department of surgery, Max Super speciality Hospital, Gurgaon were prospectively reviewed. Data on patient's demographics, post operative recovery, complication and results were collected. Result: The mean operative time for unilateral hernia was 50 minutes while it took 75 minutes for bilateral repair. Mean age of patients was 47 years ranging from 31 to 76 years, 75% patients had unilateral hernia while 6% had secondary hernia. Most of the patient discharged after overnight stay with mean hospital stay of 1+0.5 days, recurrence in our series was less than 2 %. Conclusion: The total extraperitoneal laparascopic inguinal hernia repair is a safe and effective procedure with low morbidity, good cosmesis, less post operative pain, early return to normal activity and low recurrence
Increased vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors: relationship to angiogenesis in asthma.

RATIONALE Increased vascularity is a feature of airway remodeling in asthma with the potential to contribute to a number of functional abnormalities in this chronic disease. Although various growth factors have been implicated in modulating vascularity, the important contributors in vivo are still being elucidated. The most likely candidate is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). OBJECTIVES We have examined VEGF and its receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) in the airways of subjects with asthma and contrasted these results with findings in normal control subjects. We aimed to explore whether these powerful angiogenic factors were expressed at elevated levels in asthmatic airways. METHODS We obtained biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 35 subjects with mild to moderate asthma and from 22 normal control subjects. MEASUREMENTS We performed immunohistochemistry and image analysis to obtain quantitative measures of VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and Ang1 staining in airway biopsies, and ELISA to assess VEGF concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS VEGF staining and VEGF levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were elevated in the airways of subjects with asthma and were related to the number of vessels; Ang1 staining was similarly increased. VEGFR1 was slightly higher in subjects with asthma and the VEGFR1:VEGFR2 ratio was significantly higher in subjects with asthma. We observed angiogenic sprouts (i.e., early-forming vascular structures) that were increased in number in subjects with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that VEGF, its receptors, and Ang1 are likely to be important in vascular changes in the airways of patients with asthma. Further, there are observable structures in the vessel walls of asthmatic airways that could present ongoing evidence of increased angiogenic activity.
Failure of combination oral oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir antiviral treatment in ventilator- and ECMO-treated critically ill patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1)v

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course of severe and complicated pandemic (H1N1)v infection treated with oral oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir in a series of intensive care patients. Methods: We investigated a case series of patients with respiratory failure and a positive (H1N1)v real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Treatment consisted of oseltamivir tablets 75 mg × 4 daily in a nasogastric tube plus zanamivir intravenous (i.v.) solution 25 mg × 4 daily as inhalation. Ventilator inspiratory plateau airway pressure in the ventilator was kept below 30 cmH2O, PaO2 above 8 kPa and pH above 7.30. If this could not be achieved, inhalational nitric oxide (NO) was added or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated. Results: Twenty-one patients were admitted, with a median age of 50 y (range 6–69 y). Five patients (23.8%) died in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 1 patient died 2 weeks after ICU discharge. Nine patients received ECMO treatment, of whom 3 died during ECMO (33.3%; 3/9) and 1 at 2 weeks after. The mortality in patients not receiving ECMO treatment was 16.6% (2/12). Sixteen patients (76%) were influenza PCR-positive on day 7 after the start of antiviral treatment. Irreversible presumed lung fibrosis complicated with pneumothorax was common. A high Murray score at admission was significantly associated with a fatal outcome. Conclusions: The mortality in these patients was high despite combined antiviral treatment with oseltamivir and zanamivir. Patients shed virus for a long time despite intensive therapy. Optimal management of patients with bilateral pneumonia and respiratory failure caused by (H1N1)v still needs to be determined.
Lung fibroblast repair functions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are altered by multiple mechanisms.

RATIONALE Fibroblasts are believed to be the major cells responsible for the production and maintenance of extracellular matrix. Alterations in fibroblast functional capacity, therefore, could play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema, which is characterized by inadequate maintenance of tissue structure. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the hypothesis that deficient fibroblast repair characterizes cells obtained from individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with control subjects. METHODS Fibroblasts were cultured from lung tissue obtained from individuals undergoing thoracotomy and were characterized in vitro. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Fibroblasts from individuals with COPD, defined by reduced FEV(1), manifested reduced chemotaxis toward fibronectin and reduced contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels, two bioassays associated with fibroblast repair function. At least two mechanisms appear to account for these differences. Prostaglandin E (PGE), a known inhibitor of fibroblast repair functions, was produced in increased amount by fibroblasts from subjects with COPD, which also expressed increased amounts of the receptors EP2 and EP4, both of which signal through cyclic AMP. Incubation of fibroblasts with indomethacin or with the PKA inhibitor KT-5720 partially restored COPD subject fibroblast function. In addition, fibroblasts from subjects with COPD produced more transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, but manifested reduced response to TGF-beta1. The functional alterations in fibroblasts correlated with both lung function assessed by FEV(1) and, for the data available, with severity of emphysema assessed by Dl(CO). CONCLUSIONS Fibroblasts from individuals with COPD have reduced capability to sustain tissue repair, which suggests that this may be one mechanism that contributes to the development of emphysema.
Face Sketch Synthesis with Style Transfer Using Pyramid Column Feature

In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on deep neural networks for face sketch synthesis from a photo. Imitating the process of how artists draw sketches, our framework synthesizes face sketches in a cascaded manner. A content image is first generated that outlines the shape of the face and the key facial features. Textures and shadings are then added to enrich the details of the sketch. We utilize a fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) to create the content image, and propose a style transfer approach to introduce textures and shadings based on a newly proposed pyramid column feature. We demonstrate that our style transfer approach based on the pyramid column feature can not only preserve more sketch details than the common style transfer method, but also surpasses traditional patch based methods. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations suggest that our framework outperforms other state-of-the-arts methods, and can also generalize well to different test images.
Distilling Liquidity Costs from Limit Order Books

This paper proposes a method to compute ex-ante trading costs at the intraday level from limit order books. Using nearly 500 of the largest traded companies in the NYSE ArcaBook, we show that these costs have nontrivial intraday dynamics, are negatively related to volume and positively related to volatility. When ex-ante trading costs are incorporated into price impact specifications, the results show that this measure provides relevant information about price changes of the market at a high frequency level. Our evidence suggest that ex-ante trading costs constitute a new source of information for the study of intraday liquidity.
Molecular determination of anamorphic powdery mildew fungi on the Fabaceae in Australia

Powdery mildew fungi are common on the Fabaceae, but sexual states have not been found in Australia, resulting in an inadequate understanding of which species occur. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of thirty-two anamorphic powdery mildew specimens on the Fabaceae were analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and sequencing to reveal four species in Australia. Erysiphe trifolii was identified on a broad range of fabaceous hosts and E. pisi was found on Pisum sativum. Oidium hardenbergiae was found on Hardenbergia and was genetically similar to these two Erysiphe species. The fourth species, on Vigna and Phaseolus in tropical Australia, was determined to be Podosphaera xanthii.
A group-based patient education programme for high-anxiety patients with Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) affect a person's health-related quality of life (HRQOL). IBD patients report high levels of anxiety, which correlates with the degree of perceived dissatisfaction with the information on disease-related themes provided in routine health care. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in anxiety after participation in a group-based educational intervention for IBD patients screened for high anxiety. METHODS The programme consisted of 8 sessions, and 49 patients participated. Anxiety was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale at baseline and 6 months after intervention. HRQOL was assessed with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) and the SF-36 health survey. Participant satisfaction with education was measured using a study-specific questionnaire. RESULTS No significant change on the HAD anxiety score was found at the 6-month follow-up for those who participated in the education programme despite the fact that the participants reported they had gained better knowledge of disease-related items. Furthermore, there were no significant changes over time regarding bowel symptoms, systemic symptoms, emotional functioning and social functioning of the IBDQ or generic HRQOL (SF-36). CONCLUSIONS IBD patients with a high anxiety level reported improved satisfaction with information about disease-related items, but did not indicate any benefits in terms of reduced anxiety or improved HRQOL after participating in the education programme, not at least in the short-term perspective. In this selected group of patients, psychosocial problems other than disease-related concerns were found that warrant other approaches.
Older women: social cognitive theory correlates of health behavior.

Most research about health promoting behaviors has focused on pre-old adults and men, despite clear evidence that the leading cause of death among postmenopausal women is related to health behaviors. This study applied social cognitive theory constructs to exercise, dietary, and stress management health behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of self-efficacy expectation and outcome expectancy to predict health behavior among older women. Community-dwelling women aged 65 to 92 years were interviewed with previously developed instruments and instruments designed specifically for this study (N = 225). Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of each of the health behaviors (beta weights: dietary behavior .50; exercise, .39; stress management, .32). Outcome expectancy was not a significant predictor of exercise or dietary behavior. Outcome expectancy was a significant predictor of stress management behavior. The findings of this study, combined with the importance of health promotion behaviors among older women, justify the need for continued research about self-efficacy and health behavior among this vulnerable population.
Behavioural Asset Pricing: Review and Synthesis

This article presents an overview of literature on behavioural and experimental asset pricing theory. We systematically review the evolution and current development of behavioural asset pricing models as an alternate approach to asset pricing in financial economics literature. A review and synthesis of research carried out in behavioural finance spreading across theoretical, empirical and experimental approaches are presented to understand the behavioural dimension of pricing of financial assets. From theoretical perspective, behavioural asset pricing models try to adopt additional behavioural variables into asset pricing process. In terms of empirical investigation perspective, it is documented that econometric and computational advancement takes its biggest place ever in financial literature when compared with the other field. Our review underlines the fact that the direction of advancing a methodology is changing from financial literature to economics due to the fact that there is huge account of raw data available to analyze. Future research direction should be judging the empirical power of the asset pricing models and their role in practice for incorporating a new dimension to the model. The distinctiveness of the study is that this is the first attempt to review literature written on behavioural asset pricing models in the form of structural empirical review. In doing so, the historical perspective of the concept and the place it will take in future are clarified and the way further researches will be conducted are explored. JEL: E03, G02, G12
Psychometric Evaluation of the Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms Scale in Critically Ill Children

Objective: The Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms scale is an instrument for screening benzodiazepine and opioid withdrawal syndrome in pediatric critical care patients. The objectives of this study were to establish cutoff scores and to test sensitivity to change. Second, risk factors for withdrawal syndrome were explored. Design: Prospective observational study with repeated measures. Setting: Level IV ICU at a university children’s hospital. Patients: A total of 154 children with median age 5 months (interquartile range, 0–42 mo) who received continuous infusion of benzodiazepines and/or opioids for 5 or more days. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Nurses repeatedly applied the Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms scale and the Numeric Rating Scale withdrawal when children were weaned off benzodiazepines and opioids. The latter represents the nurse’s expert opinion. We analyzed 3,754 paired assessments; the median number per child was 15 (interquartile range, 7–31) over a median of 5 days (interquartile range, 3–11 d). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.83 and 0.93, respectively, for the Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms scale cutoff score of 4 or higher against a Numeric Rating Scale-withdrawal score of 4 or higher. Sensitivity to change was determined by comparing 156 Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms scale assessments (n = 51 patients) before and after additional sedatives or opioids. Multilevel regression analysis showed a mean decline of 1.5 points (at score range 0–15) after intervention (p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis identified duration of preweaning of midazolam, duration of weaning of midazolam, duration of preweaning of morphine, duration of weaning of morphine, and number of additional sedatives/opioids as statistically significant risk factors for withdrawal syndrome in these children. Conclusions: The Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms scale is a valid tool with good psychometric properties to assess withdrawal symptoms in PICU patients.
Role of the adrenergic system in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy: antiangiogenic effects of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade.

PURPOSE Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a model for human retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In OIR mice, this study determined whether blockade of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) with propranolol influences retinal levels of proangiogenic factors, retinal vascularization, and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown. METHODS Propranolol was administered subcutaneously and picropodophyllin (PPP) intraperitoneally. Intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were performed. Messengers of β-ARs, VEGF, its receptors, IGF-1 and IGF-1R were measured with quantitative RT-PCR. VEGF content was determined with ELISA. β-ARs, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, occludin, and albumin were measured with Western blot. Retinal localization of β3-ARs was determined by immunohistochemistry. Retinopathy was assessed by scoring fluorescein-perfused retinas, and plasma extravasation was visualized by Evans blue dye. RESULTS Hypoxia did not influence β-AR expression, except that it increased β3-AR protein with dense β3-AR immunoreactivity localized to engorged retinal tufts. Hypoxia upregulated VEGF, IGF-1, their receptors, and HIF-1α. Propranolol dose-dependently reduced upregulated VEGF and decreased hypoxic levels of IGF-1 mRNA and HIF-1α. Blockade of IGF-1R activity with PPP did not influence propranolol's effects on VEGF. Retinal VEGF in normoxic mice or VEGF in brain, lungs, and heart of the OIR mice were unaffected by propranolol. Propranolol ameliorated the retinopathy score, restored occludin and albumin, and reduced hypoxia-induced plasma extravasation without influencing the vascular permeability induced by intravitreal VEGF. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration that β-AR blockade is protective against retinal angiogenesis and ameliorates BRB dysfunction in OIR. Although the relevance of these results to infant ROP is uncertain, the findings may help to establish potential pharmacologic targets based on β3-AR pharmacology.
Group Lending with Peer Selection and Moral Hazard

This paper extends Ghatak (1999)'s base model of group lending with asymmetric information by allowing individuals to differ both in their exogenous risk type and in their endogenous effort level. We find that joint liability leads to positive assortative matching in both a non-cooperative and a cooperative game setting. Groups of safe borrowers also exhibit higher effort levels, which further reinforces their likelihood of repayment as opposed to risky groups.