Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of asphyxia due to umbilical cord occlusion in the foetal lamb on leakage of liquid from the circulation and on permeability of lung capillaries to albumin

1. Experiments were performed on foetal lambs, exteriorized at Caesarean section, to determine the effects of asphyxia on the leakage of liquid from the circulation and on the permeability of lung capillaries to albumin. Following a period of control observation (30–120 min) the foetus was asphyxiated by occlusion of the umbilical cord for 5‐10 min and then allowed to recover while observations were continued for a further 20–80 min.
Effects of perchlorate on excitation‐contraction coupling in frog and crayfish skeletal muscle.

1. The effects of perchlorate on various aspects of excitation‐contraction coupling in frog and crayfish skeletal muscle have been examined in optical and electrophysiological experiments on voltage‐clamped cut muscle fibres. 2. In the frog, perchlorate shifted the voltage dependence of charge movement and consequent sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release, but it had little effect on the slow inward calcium current. 3. In the crayfish, perchlorate had little effect on either calcium currents or the SR Ca2+ release that contributes to myoplasmic Ca2+ elevations. 4. Two alternative explanations for these results are discussed. There may be two functional types of dihydropyridine receptors, those (perchlorate sensitive) that communicate with the ryanodine receptor via charge movement and those (perchlorate insensitive) that function solely as Ca2+ entry points. Alternatively, the results would be consistent with two separate voltage sensors on each dihydropyridine receptor, only one of which is perchlorate sensitive.
Bad Management, Skimping, or Both? The Relationship between Cost Efficiency and Loan Quality in Russian Banks

This paper investigates the relationship between operating cost efficiency and the loan quality of Rus-sian banks. It tries to answer the question whether it is always beneficial for banks to be highly cost effi-cient (the “bad management” hypothesis) or whether this higher cost efficiency could mean inadequate spending on borrower screening, which could subject banks to higher credit risk exposures in the future (the “skimping” hypothesis)? Our main result implies that, while the “bad management” hypothesis holds on average for the banking sector as a whole, the “skimping” hypothesis could be the case for those Russian banks that are not just highly cost efficient, as predicted by Berger and DeYoung (1997) for US banks, but that at the same time pursue aggressive strategies in the market for loans to house-holds and non-financial firms, especially during the pre-crisis periods when banks are too optimistic to pay increased attention to the quality of borrowers in order to extract higher profits in the short run. In-terestingly, we show that the “skimping” strategy is not the case for those Russian banks that demon-strate a lower equity-to-assets ratio and that are highly cost efficient at the same time because, as we be-lieve, higher financial leverage forces these banks to filter out low quality borrowers to be able to repay borrowed funds. From perspective of regulatory policy, these conclusions provide clear arguments in favor of differential prudential regulation in Russia, which could, if being implemented, positively affect the loan quality of both banks that are skimpers (through restricting loans growth by higher capital ade-quacy requirements and/or increased payments to the Russian Deposit Insurance Agency) and banks that are not (through eliminating incentives to grow too fast), thus improving the stability of the banking sector as a whole
Underpriced Lending and Real Estate Markets

In this paper, we develop a specific observable symptom of a banking system that underprices the default spread in non-recourse asset-backed lending. Using three different data sets for 18 countries and property types, we find that, following a negative demand shock, the "underpricing" economies experience far deeper asset market crashes than economies in which the put option is correctly priced. Furthermore, only one of the countries in our sample continues to exhibit the underpricing symptom following a market crash. This indicates that market crashes have a cleansing effect and eliminate underpricing at least for a period of time. This makes investing in such markets safer following a negative demand shock.
Regulation of Endothelial Cell Barrier Function by Store‐Operated Calcium Entry

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels fulfill important and diverse signaling functions, and are generally conserved among species. The canonical subfamily of TRP proteins, TRPC channels, possesses 7 isoforms that combine in various ways to form heteromultimers. In endothelium, TRPC1 and TRPC4 form subunits of a channel that selectively conducts calcium. This channel is activated by calcium depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum, and thus TRPC1/TRPC4 forms the molecular basis of a store operated calcium entry pathway. TRPC4 interacts with protein 4.1, which tethers the channel to the membrane skeleton and represents a gating mechanism required for calcium permeation. In response to inflammatory agonists such as thrombin and bradykinin, the generation of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate transiently depletes endoplasmic reticulum calcium and activates the TRPC1/TRPC4 channel. Calcium permeation through this channel triggers cytoskeletal reorganization that is necessary to disrupt the endothelial cell barrier and increase permeability. Thus, inhibition of the TRPC1/TRPC4 channel provides a putative anti‐inflammatory strategy.
Towards systematic tuning of standard-compliant, multi-area AGC systems

Due to different technical-economical reasons, power systems tend to interconnect each other. The resulting system after the interconnection could be reorganized into two or more control areas in terms of secondary frequency control; if this is the case, the resulting control areas may require new automatic generation control (AGC) parameters to maintain compliance with performance standards. In addition, the continuous integration of variable distributed generation into the network tend to increase the need for secondary control, thus systematic AGC definition procedures are required. This work proposes a heuristic method to tune the AGC parameters for interconnected systems subject to secondary frequency control performance standard compliance. An illustrative example in a hypothetical interconnection of two identical ERCOT equivalents is presented to validate results.
Pengaruh Leverage, Pertumbuhan Penjualan dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Profitabilitas

Companies with good performance will be able to achieve the goals to be achieved by the company, which is to maximize the value of the company. That goals can be achieved by increasing the profitability of the company. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of the effect of leverage, sales growth and firm size to profitability. This research was conducted at the Food and Beverage Industry company in Indonesia Stock Exchange with a sample of 12 companies that obtained through purposive sampling method. The resulted of the study with multiple linear analysis found that leverage had a significant negative effect on profitability, while sales growth and firm size had no significant negative effect on profitability.
Management commitment to service quality and service recovery performance: A study of frontline employees in public and private hospitals

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a model of management commitment to service quality (MCSQ) and service recovery performance in the context of public and private hospitals in New Zealand.Design/methodology/approach – In a cross‐sectional survey grounded in Bagozzi's reformulation of attitude theory, frontline hospital employees (FHEs) were asked about how MCSQ impacted on their service recovery performance in both the public and private sectors.Findings – The results of the study suggest that the relationship between MCSQ and service recovery performance is mediated by organizational commitment. With the exception of the relationship between MCSQ and organizational commitment, there are no differences between FHEs in the private and public sectors.Originality/value – Very little attention has been given to a comparative examination of those managerial practices critical for improving frontline employee service recovery efforts in a public and private healthcare context. Our research a.
Leukocyte Interferon for Treating First Episodes of Genital Herpes in Women

Abstract Women experiencing their first episodes of genital herpes were treated, beginning within three days of the onset of lesions, with 5 × 104 units of human leukocyte interferon/kg of body weight for 12 doses over 14 days (total, ∼3.6 × 107 units) or with placebo in equivalent volumes. Life-table analysis revealed quicker healing and significant reductions in the duration of shedding of virus in interferon-treated patients. Maximum daily geometric mean titers of virus and total area of unhealed lesions also decreased more quickly. No statistically significant difference in resolution of pain was seen between the two groups. Interferon had no effect on onset or frequency of subsequent recurrences recorded over one year of follow-up. Moderate, transient neutropenia occurred in 13 of 34 interferon-treated patients. A therapeutic effect of human leukocyte interferon on initial genital herpes was documented, but the clinical usefulness of interferon treatment of genital herpes is limited at this time.
Population genomic analyses from low-coverage RAD-Seq data: a case study on the non-model cucurbit bottle gourd.

Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq), a next-generation sequencing-based genome 'complexity reduction' protocol, has been useful in population genomics in species with a reference genome. However, the application of this protocol to natural populations of genomically underinvestigated species, particularly under low-to-medium sequencing depth, has not been well justified. In this study, a Bayesian method was developed for calling genotypes from an F₂ population of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. ] to construct a high-density genetic map. Low-depth genome shotgun sequencing allowed the assembly of scaffolds/contigs comprising approximately 50% of the estimated genome, of which 922 were anchored for identifying syntenic regions between species. RAD-Seq genotyping of a natural population comprising 80 accessions identified 3226 single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs), based on which two sub-gene pools were suggested for association with fruit shape. The two sub-gene pools were moderately differentiated, as reflected by the Hudson's F(ST) value of 0.14, and they represent regions on LG7 with strikingly elevated F(ST) values. Seven-fold reduction in heterozygosity and two times increase in LD (r²) were observed in the same region for the round-fruited sub-gene pool. Outlier test suggested the locus LX3405 on LG7 to be a candidate site under selection. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the cucumber genome region syntenic to the high FST island on LG7 harbors an ortholog of the tomato fruit shape gene OVATE. Our results point to a bright future of applying RAD-Seq to population genomic studies for non-model species even under low-to-medium sequencing efforts. The genomic resources provide valuable information for cucurbit genome research.
Cultural Influence on Perceived Usefulness of Islamic Corporate Reporting Model

The objective of this study is to examine the cultural influence on the per-ceived usefulness of Islamic corporate reporting model. This study attempts to un-derstand the antecedents of perceived usefulness of Islamic corporate reporting model. The Hofstede-Gray’s framework was utilized to develop research hypothesis that the lower in terms of Conservatism and Secrecy, the more likely to believe that the Islamic corporate reporting are more important than conventional accounting reporting. The hypothesis was also stated that the different background of institu-tions is expected to have an impact to the respondent’s perception on perceived use-fulness of Islamic corporate reporting model because the Islamic background insti-tutions have put more efforts than the conventional institutions in promoting Islamic values. The results showed that Power Distance was the best antecedents in explain-ing Gray’s accounting values and Uncertainty Avoidance has the positive significant effect on perceived usefulness of the Islamic corporate reporting model. Keywords: conventional accounting, Islamic accounting, Hofstede-Gray frame-work, Islamic corporate reporting, perceived usefulness
Anterior cingulum abnormalities in male patients with schizophrenia determined through diffusion tensor imaging.

OBJECTIVE This study used diffusion tensor imaging to examine fractional anisotropy in the anterior cingulum and posterior cingulum bundles in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Twenty-one male patients and 20 healthy comparison men were studied. RESULTS Reduced fractional anisotropy was seen for both sides of the anterior cingulum in the schizophrenia patients, who also exhibited less left-greater-than-right asymmetry in the anterior cingulum than was seen in the comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest structural disconnections in the anterior cingulum in patients with schizophrenia.
The influence of oxygen on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in man.

1. The ventilatory response to isoxic square‐wave challenges in end‐tidal PCO2 was investigated at three levels of end‐tidal PO2 (PET, O2) in nine healthy male subjects. 2. Twenty‐seven responses against a background of mild hypoxia (PET, O2 approximately 10 kPa), sixty‐seven against a background of normoxia (PET, O2 approximately 14.5 kPa) and seventy‐six against a background of hyperoxia (PET, O2 approximately 70 kPa) were collected. 3. The breath‐to‐breath data were partitioned into a fast and a slow ventilatory component using a two‐compartment model. 4. In the normoxic and hypoxic experiments the CO2 sensitivity of the fast component averaged to about 30 and 40% of the total CO2 sensitivity, respectively. In the hyperoxic experiments three subjects had no fast component in their response while in three others the CO2 sensitivity of the fast component averaged to about 24% of the total CO2 sensitivity. In the remaining three subjects the presence of a fast component was doubtful. 5. We argue that the fast component is due to the peripheral chemoreflex loop and the slow component to the central chemoreflex loop. 6. The central CO2 sensitivity and the apnoeic threshold (extrapolated end‐tidal CO2 at zero ventilation in the steady state) were 15% smaller in hyperoxia than those in normoxia and hypoxia. In normoxia and mild hypoxia the central CO2 sensitivities were not significantly different. 7. We argue, that apart from peripheral oxygen‐carbon dioxide interaction, there is evidence for central oxygen‐carbon dioxide interaction in human subjects. 8. We conclude that in general there is a contribution to ventilation of the peripheral chemoreceptors during hyperoxia in man.
Culture and Finance: a survey of the literature and a synthesis

Over the past years an interest in Culture has increased among financial scholars. We provide a survey using financial research-articles with an explicit focus on Culture and relying on a systematic screening of 21 academic journals in Finance and beyond. While we can identify three financial topics at large, we note an overwhelming diversity of approaches in the way culture is conceptualized and operationalized, when the issue is not simply shunned. Therefore we complete the review by a synthesis and we point to a number of directions in which culture-research in Finance could be extended, including richer conceptualizations of culture, further consideration of existing wisdom from adjacent disciplines, greater reliance on qualitative evidence and further investigation on the consequences of embededdness in Finance. Our main contributions are threefold. We underline the epistemological trade-offs and the importance of disciplinary inbreeding in the way culture is operationalized in financial research today. We suggest that the current methodological toolkit, embedded in the neoclassical paradigm (Brennan, 1995), is insufficient to deal effectively with culture processes. Last, we attract attention to complementarities and divergences with Behavioral Finance; in particular culture-research presumes varying forms of rationality and the focus on collective norms could provide an interesting line of research for Finance. Overall, it may be no coincidence if a culture interest is rising in finance at a time Zingales (2000) calls for a re-foundation. Key-words: Finance. Corporate Governance. Law and Finance. Institutional Context. Culture. National Culture. Survey Methodology. Theory-Method Intersection. Comparative Thinking. This draft: February 2009. Please do not quote or circulate without permission of the author This paper is the first essay from the Ph.D. & doctorate thesis of CH. Reuter. ‡ PhD applicant in Finance, ESCP-EAP, European School of Management Candidat au doctorat en Sciences de Gestion (Finance), Universite de Paris X (Nanterre) Directeur : Franck Bancel Correspondance : CH Reuter, 4 rue des roses, F-92260 Fontenay aux roses Tel. +33 6 99 29 45 13, e-mail: henri.reuter@gmail.com This paper has benefited from useful comments provided by seminar participants of the Finance seminar series ESCP-EAP, European School of Management, as well as CEROS (Universite de Paris X) and FARGO (Universite de Dijon). My special thanks to Franck Bancel, Jean-Philippe Bouilloud, Pramuan Bunkanwanicha, Gerard Charreaux and Mauro Guillen. Thank you as well to Eelke deJong, Paul DiMaggio, Daniele Laberge, Amir Licht, Jordan I. Siegel, Rene Stulz and Salomon Tadesse that have expressed interest in receiving an earlier draft of this paper.
Documents de Travail du Centre d ’ Economie de la Sorbonne Ingratiation and Favoritism : Experimental Evidence

We provide experimental evidence of workers’ ingratiation by opinion conformity and of managers’ discrimination in favor of workers with whom they share similar opinions. In our Baseline, managers can observe both workers’ performance at a task and opinions before assigning unequal payoffs. In the Ingratiation treatment, workers can change their opinion after learning that held by the manager. In the Random treatment, workers can also change opinion but payoffs are assigned randomly, which gives a measure of non-strategic opinion conformism. We find evidence of high ingratiation indices, as overall, ingratiation is effective. Indeed, managers reward opinion conformity, and even more so when opinions cannot be manipulated. Additional treatments reveal that ingratiation is cost sensitive and that the introduction of performance pay for managers as well as a less noisy measure of performance increase the role of relative performance in the assignment of payoffs, without eliminating the reward of opinion conformity.
Urban Adolescents' Exposure to Community Violence: The Role of Support, School Safety, and Social Constraints in a School-Based Sample of Boys and Girls

This study examined recent exposure to violence in the community and in other settings, protective factors, and current psychological functioning among 349 young adolescents from 9 urban middle schools. The majority (76%) of adolescents reported witnessing or being victimized by at least 1 violent event in the prior 6 months. Nearly half of adolescents who had talked about their experience of a violent event reported feeling constrained from sharing their thoughts or feelings because of others' reactions. After controlling for daily hassles, more exposure to violence was associated with more self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms. Exposure to violence was not a significant predictor of teachers' ratings of adaptive functioning or internalizing symptoms. Support from specific individuals, perceived school safety, and lower constraints for discussing violence showed protective effects in the relation between exposure to violence and specific dimensions of psychological functioning. The implications of this research for school-based interventions are discussed.
A critical role for collagen II in cartilage matrix degradation: Collagen II induces pro‐inflammatory cytokines and MMPs in primary human chondrocytes

We report a process that results in the acceleration of matrix degradation in human articular cartilage, a phenomenon commonly observed in osteoarthritis (OA). The study was conducted by (1) examining the potential of collagen II in modulating the gene expression profile of primary human chondrocytes (PHCs), and (2) investigating the involvement of pro‐inflammatory signaling cascades. We first tested the collagen II‐dependent induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in PHCs. PHCs were incubated with or without monomeric (i.e., nonfibrillar) collagen II. Cells were then analyzed by RT‐PCR for the expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, MMP14, and IL‐1β. ELISA was used to quantify IL‐6 and IL‐8 release. To examine the influence of collagen II signaling, specifically the role of MAPK p38, a p38‐inhibitor was added prior to collagen treatment. Changes in IκB concentration were monitored by immunoblot analysis to detect NFκB signaling. Results indicated that incubation of PHCs with collagen II did produce a dose‐dependent induction of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, MMP14, as well as cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8. At the same time, inhibition of p38 and IκB degradation revealed that collagen II‐dependent gene induction also involves MAPK p38 and NFκB signaling. Thus, we provide evidence for a collagen II‐dependent feed‐forward mechanism whereby collagen II induces first MMPs and pro‐inflammatory cytokines and then release of collagen II fragments from mature collagen II fibers. This, in turn, induces more pro‐inflammatory cytokines and MMPs, and the process is repeated, which results in the acceleration and perpetuation of cartilage matrix degradation. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:65–70, 2009
An algorithm for the calculation of three‐dimensional collagen fiber orientation in ligaments using angle‐sensitive MRI

A method based on angle‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging for determining unknown orientations of collagen fibers in ligaments is presented. Collagen fibers were stepwise rotated around two independent axes within a 3T magnetic resonance tomograph (from 0° to 180°, step size = 10°). Analyzing the magnetic resonance signal intensity of each voxel as a function of the rotation angle, directions were calculated by means of a computational algorithm. The accuracy of the algorithm was validated using 1000 random test directions, revealing an average deviation of 4.4° (median ± standard deviation: 2.7° ± 9°). Subsequently, the presented method was applied to three specimens of the human iliotibial tract mounted in different directions in a rotatable plastic box. Polarized light microscopy was used to verify parallel alignment of the collagen fibers in the three specimens. The calculated directions were compared with the directions of the specimens. Analyzing each voxel separately, average deviations (median ± standard deviation) in the three specimens were: 11.2° (3.6° ± 20.4°), 12° (5° ± 24.1°), and 20.4° (8.7° ± 27°). If the magnetic resonance signal intensity of each voxel was averaged with the intensity of immediately neighboring voxels, average deviations (median ± standard deviation) were 8.5° (3.6° ± 17.4°), 6.2° (0° ± 18°), and 9.2° (5° ± 19.2°). The presented method has the potential to be applied in situ to anatomical structures like cartilage, ligaments, tendons and fascia. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.