Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Very Low Birth Weight and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

It is well recognized that reaction time performance of term-born children with a normal birth weight (NBW > 2500 g) who fulfill the DSM-IV criteria for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the primary school age is sensitive for the presentation rate of stimuli. They have been found to perform more poorly in conditions of relatively slow event rates as compared with fast event rates. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether reaction time performance of children with very low birth weight (VLBW < 1500 g) with or without ADHD showed the same sensitivity for the factor presentation rate of stimuli compared to children with a normal birth weight plus ADHD. To this end, reaction time performance of four groups of children was compared on a Go/No-Go test with a fast presentation rate of 1 second and a slow presentation rate of 6 seconds. Groups were: children with VLBW plus ADHD, children with VLBW only, children born full term with normal birth weight (NBW >2500 g) plus ADHD, and children born full term without ADHD (the control group). Findings indicated that, compared to the non-ADHD groups, the groups with ADHD (NBW and VLBW) showed a more dramatic decline in their reaction time performance in the slow condition: a state regulation deficit. In addition, both groups showed a response inhibition deficit. No difference was found in reaction time performance between the groups of children with VLBW only and the control group.
Caste And The Economic Prontier

T H I S is the chal lenging t i t l e of a book tha t is a v i l lage study and is yet much more. No villagestudy escapes being social-anthropological. Nor does this book. And yet i t is not merely anthropological . The author has under taken a study of a vi l lage in Orissa w i t h especial regard to its economy and for this he has brought together a. knowledge of the h is tory of the region and of the vil lage, of i ts social system and the in terac t ion of that system w i t h the economics of the vi l lage, of the gradua l change in r u r a l economy, and of the pol i t ica l adjustments tha t have followed w i t h i n the vil lage caste system. A l though the focus throughout is on the vi l lage, it is studied dynamica l ly as it is affected more and more by the increasing economic and also pol i t i ca l in tegra t ion of the reg ion and of the state as a whole. The "economic f ron t i e r " indeed comes in f r o m an even wider area than state or country, as evidenced In the use of foreign-made guns, etc.
Statins Increase Rifampin Mycobactericidal Effect

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antimicrobial resistance has been followed with great concern during the last years, while the need for new drugs able to control leprosy and tuberculosis, mainly due to extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), is pressing. Our group recently showed that M. leprae is able to induce lipid body biogenesis and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and Schwann cells, facilitating its viability and replication. Considering these previous results, we investigated the efficacies of two statins on the intracellular viability of mycobacteria within the macrophage, as well as the effect of atorvastatin on M. leprae infections in BALB/c mice. We observed that intracellular mycobacteria viability decreased markedly after incubation with both statins, but atorvastatin showed the best inhibitory effect when combined with rifampin. Using Shepard's model, we observed with atorvastatin an efficacy in controlling M. leprae and inflammatory infiltrate in the BALB/c footpad, in a serum cholesterol level-dependent way. We conclude that statins contribute to macrophage-bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium bovis, M. leprae, and M. tuberculosis. It is likely that the association of statins with the actual multidrug therapy effectively reduces mycobacterial viability and tissue lesion in leprosy and tuberculosis patients, although epidemiological studies are still needed for confirmation.
Determination of Toll-Like Receptor-Induced Cytokine Profiles in the Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Chikungunya Patients

Background: Chikungunya infection caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an inflammatory disease affecting the joints and may also lead to neurological complications. We investigated a panel of human Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced cytokines in Chikungunya patients with and without neurological complications. Methods: In a case-control study, a panel of 12 cytokines and chemokines, TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, RANTES, interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein (IP)-10, monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), was analysed using a conventional ELISA protocol in the serum samples of Chikungunya patients without neurological complications and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and paired serum samples of Chikungunya patients with neurological complications. Results: The levels of 3 cytokines, IL-1β, IL-17A and IL-8, and 4 chemokines, MCP-1, RANTES, IP-10 and TARC, were raised in serum samples of Chikungunya patients without neurological complications, whereas, 4 cytokines, TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and 4 chemokines, MCP-1, RANTES, MIG and TARC, were elevated in CSF samples of Chikungunya patients with neurological complications. Moreover, the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines were significantly elevated in the CSF compared to paired serum samples in Chikungunya patients with neurological complications. Conclusions: In CHIKV infection, multiple cytokines are elevated in serum and CSF. The elevation in IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines in CSF correlates with neurological involvement.
Targeting the HGF/c-Met Axis: State of Play

In a recent issue of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics , Burgess and colleagues ([1][1]) give a detailed biochemical and functional characterization of AMG 102, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). HGF, or scatter factor, is the only known high-affinity ligand for the
PENGARUH POLITIK ORGANISASI DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR KARYAWAN KOPERASI KARYAWAN (KOPKAR) SAMPOERNA SURABAYA

Political organization is a social reality that must be faced by members of the organization in which they will involve interaction with one another. This study aimed to analyze the influence of political organizations and organizational commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). The samples in this study using Stratisfield Proportional Random Sampling design. The sample consisted of 60 respondents Kopkar employees of Sampoerna Surabaya. The data collection is done by using a questionnaire. After that tested the validity, reliability and data analysis technique processed using SPSS version 18.The results of this study show that organizations Political significant positive effect on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, organizational commitment has no effect on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Simultaneously, political organizations and organizational and commitment significantly influence Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of employees amounted to 40,9%, while the remaining 59,1% is explained by other factors. Keywords:Political organizations, Commitment organizations, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour.
Coupling proteomics and transcriptomics in the quest of subtype‐specific proteins in breast cancer

Breast‐cancer subtypes present with distinct clinical characteristics. Therefore, characterization of subtype‐specific proteins may augment the development of targeted therapies and prognostic biomarkers. To address this issue, MS‐based secretome analysis of eight breast cancer cell lines, corresponding to the three main breast cancer subtypes was performed. More than 5200 non‐redundant proteins were identified with 23, four, and four proteins identified uniquely in basal, HER2‐neu‐amplified, and luminal breast cancer cells, respectively. An in silico mRNA analysis using publicly available breast cancer tissue microarray data was carried out as a preliminary verification step. In particular, the expression profiles of 15 out of 28 proteins included in the microarray (from a total of 31 in our subtype‐specific signature) showed significant correlation with estrogen receptor (ER) expression. A MS‐based analysis of breast cancer tissues was undertaken to verify the results at the proteome level. Eighteen out of 31 proteins were quantified in the proteomes of ER‐positive and ER‐negative breast cancer tissues. Survival analysis using microarray data was performed to examine the prognostic potential of these selected candidates. Three proteins correlated with ER status at both mRNA and protein levels: ABAT, PDZK1, and PTX3, with the former showing significant prognostic potential.
Tenancy and Agricultural Productivity in Southern India: Nature, Extent, Trends and Determinants

The study reconfirmed prevalence of reverse tenancy in dryland agriculture in Southern India in recent years (2009-10 and 2011-12) as was in the mid-seventies. Household level panel data collected from six villages by ICRISAT under its Village Level Studies (VLS) and Village Dynamics Studies (VDS) programme were analysed. Area under tenancy has increased in recent years, mostly in the form of sharecropping. Panel Data Probit analysis revealed that likelihood of a household to be a tenant is positively linked with bullock ownership and large farm size while age and education of the household head, and dependence on non-farm income had a negative association. Determinants of extent of tenancy (rented in area) were measured through Panel Data Feasible Generalised Least Square (FGLS) regression analysis. Results indicated that an additional bullock increased rented-in area by 0.22 ha. On the other hand, large farmers had 0.47 ha more area under rented-in compared to other tenants. There was negative relationship between rented-in area and age and education of the household head indicating that educated and elderly people participated less in the tenancy market. Input use level, crop yield and profitability were generally higher in own land than that of rented-in land in the mid-seventies. In recent years, we observed mixed (inconclusive) outcome for input use, crop yield and profitability. Reduction of production risks in one of the study villages has not only reduced tenancy but also abolished reverse tenancy.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Anti-Influenza Virus Compound T-705

ABSTRACT T-705 (6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) has been found to have potent and selective inhibitory activity against influenza virus. In an in vitro plaque reduction assay, T-705 showed potent inhibitory activity against influenza A, B, and C viruses, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 0.013 to 0.48 μg/ml, while it showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 1,000 μg/ml in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The selectivity index for influenza virus was more than 2,000. It was also active against a neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant virus and some amantadine-resistant viruses. T-705 showed weak activity against non-influenza virus RNA viruses, with the IC50s being higher for non-influenza virus RNA viruses than for influenza virus, and it had no activity against DNA viruses. Orally administered T-705 at 100 mg/kg of body weight/day (four times a day) for 5 days significantly reduced the mean pulmonary virus yields and the rate of mortality in mice infected with influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (3 × 102 PFU). These results suggest that T-705 may be a compound that is useful and highly selective against influenza virus infections and that has a mode of action different from those of commercially available drugs, such as amantadine, rimantadine, and neuraminidase inhibitors.
Incidence of trampoline related pediatric fractures in a large district general hospital in the United Kingdom: lessons to be learnt

Aim: To test the observation that the incidence of trampoline related pediatric fractures is increasing—both nationally and in a large district general hospital. Method: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of patient records establishing mechanism of injury of pediatric fractures over three consecutive summers from 2000–03. Theatre records of fractures treated operatively were used as the initial data source. Results: A statistically significant increase in trampoline related injuries was discovered. This reflects the rising incidence of injuries from national data and furthermore corresponds to the growing popularity of domestic use trampolines in the UK. Conclusion: The incidence of injuries is increasing. There are lessons to be learnt from existing work from countries where trampoline prevalence has been greater for longer. The authors recommend various safety measures that may reduce children’s injuries.
Fall prevention in older adults: towards an integrated population-based perspective

Two articles in the 19 January 2008 BMJ 12 highlight tension between the clinical and public health approaches to fracture prevention among older adults. Jarvinen et al 1 review drug therapy for osteoporosis and conclude that “bone mineral density is a poor predictor of an individual’s fracture risk” and thus that practitioners should focus on fall prevention rather than treatment for osteoporosis as a strategy for fracture prevention. Meanwhile, Gates and colleagues2 note in their systematic review a troubling lack of evidence of efficacy for one respected falls prevention intervention, a multifactorial risk assessment with targeted management at the individual level.34 How can these apparently opposing views be reconciled? Firstly, let’s place the review of Gates et al into a broader context. Their systematic review does not focus on all fall prevention interventions—rather it centers on interventions that screen clinically for fall risk with subsequent action or referral aimed at reducing risk for individuals. The authors note the emergence of fall prevention clinics throughout the UK, and call attention to the lack of evidence in the literature about the optimal location, skill mix, assessment, and interventions these clinics should offer. To be included in the review, an intervention had to: carry out “an assessment of multiple risk factors for falling to identify …
Levels of insulin, IL-6 and CRP in patients with unstable angina.

BACKGROUND Unstable angina is a condition in which your heart doesn't get enough blood flow and oxygen. It may lead to a heart attack. Insulin resistance is typically defined as decreased sensitivity or responsiveness to metabolic actions of insulin, such as insulin-mediated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Crosstalk between inflammatory signaling pathways and insulin signaling pathways causes metabolic insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin in unstable angina patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 50 patients with unstable angina divided into a female group which contained 16 female patients with an age range of 35-73 years, and a male group which contained 34 male patients with an age range of 40-72 years. Control groups contained forty healthy individuals divided into a female group which contained 16 healthy females with an age range of 35-73 years, and a male group which contained 24 males with an age range of 42-72 years. ELISA kits were used to measure insulin, IL-6 and CRP. The kits were imported from Biological Company in the United States of America. RESULTS The levels of insulin and IL-6 were considerably elevated throughout (p < 0.001), an optimistic relationship concerning insulin with CRP and IL-6 in unstable angina patients. CONCLUSIONS There was increase in the level of insulin regarding patients with unsteady angina as a result of insulin resistance that was caused by the elevated level of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6).
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Inhibits Alveolar Bone Loss Following Tooth Extraction in Rats.

BACKGROUND Alveolar bone is often lost after tooth extraction. Few studies have assessed the longitudinal changes in bone volume that occur within these extraction sites. PURPOSE To investigate the longitudinal morphological changes in extraction sockets following sustained continuous subcutaneous infusion of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen rats were subjected to right mandibular first molar extraction. Experimental rats (n = 7) received a continuous subcutaneous infusion of human recombinant IGF-I (320 mg/day) for 3 weeks by osmotic minipump. Control animals were treated with saline via the same method (n = 7). All rats were then housed for an additional 3 weeks. Micro-CT scanning was performed immediately after tooth extraction and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks after extraction. RESULTS New bone formation was markedly higher in the IGF-I-treated group as compared with the control group. The loss in alveolar ridge height in the IGF-I group was significantly lower than that in the control group at each time point after extraction on the buccal side and at 2, 3, and 6 weeks on the lingual side. CONCLUSIONS IGF-I treatment increases the volume of newly formed bone and reduces the loss in alveolar ridge height following tooth extraction.
A new protective role for S100A9 in regulation of neutrophil recruitment during invasive pneumococcal pneumonia

The S100A8/A9 heterodimer is abundantly expressed by myeloid cells, especially neutrophils, but its mechanism of action is only partially determined. In this study we investigated S100A8/A9 involvement in the host response to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection making use of S100a9–/– mice that lack heterodimer expression in myeloid cells. S100a9–/–mice that were infected intranasally with pneumococci rapidly succumbed, with 80% mortality after 48 h, whereas the majority of wild‐type mice recovered. Over this time period, S100a9–/– mice displayed an average 6‐fold reduction in circulating and lung‐recruited neutrophils. Taqman analysis of S100a9–/– lungs revealed decreased production of a dominant subset of 5 cytokines and chemokines associated with neutrophil recruitment. The greatest differential was with the cytokine granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) that causes bone marrow release of neutrophils into the circulation (1900‐fold difference at 48 h). Treating S100a9–/– mice with G‐CSF reversed their increased susceptibility to infection by enhancing both circulating neutrophils and neutrophil recruitment into infected lungs, by reducing pneumococcal colony forming units, and by elevation of chemokine CXCL1, cytokine IL‐6, and endogenous G‐CSF proteins. Thus S100A9, potentially with its partner S100A8, makes a major contribution in the host response to pneumococcal infection by increasing circulating neutrophils principally regulation of G‐CSF production. —De Filippo, K. , Neill, D. R. , Mathies, M. , Bangert, M. , McNeill, E. , Kadioglu, A. , Hogg, N. A new protective role for S100A9 in regulation of neutrophil recruitment during invasive pneumococcal pneumonia. FASEB J. 28, 3600–3608 (2014). www.fasebj. org
Integrating innovative environmental pedagogies into practice in adult community education

This study explores whether innovative environmental pedagogies that encourage learners to reflect on nature and are socially-critical can be integrated into teaching practice in a local government adult community education setting. Existing environmental education (EE) research reports that integrating innovative environmental pedagogies into teaching practice is problematic as a result of institutional constraints and teachers’ subjective influences. Most of this existing research has been conducted in schools, not in adult community education. My study recognises this gap in knowledge and explores how eleven practitioners working in one particular local government adult community education setting in England make meaning of innovative environmental pedagogies. In my study I employ an action research strategy, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and cooperative inquiry meetings. Heron and Reason’s (1997) extended epistemology provides an appropriate theoretical framework. Their extended epistemology resonates strongly with my methodology and supports the practical methods required to address my research aims and questions. My findings show that integrating innovative environmental pedagogies into one adult community education setting is indeed problematic. Problems include: practitioners’ concerns with adhering to externally imposed government performance targets; their practice of working in isolation and how their beliefs over remaining neutral in teaching significantly influences their attitude towards innovative environmental pedagogies. Unlike previous research, my findings also make visible how practitioner beliefs about nature and privileging learner needs mitigate against the integration of innovative environmental pedagogy into practice. I conclude that innovative environmental pedagogies cannot simply be grafted on to pre-existing practices. Innovation in EE must be situative and aligned with the contexts in which practitioners work.
The Association between Attentional and Executive Controls in the Expression of Borderline Personality Disorder Features: A Preliminary Study

Background: Basic neurocognitive functions such as attention and executive cognitive control represent promising endophenotypes that may improve understanding of the development and expression of borderline personality disorders (BPD). We evaluated the association between performance on the Attention Network Task (ANT) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), two neurocognitive laboratory instruments, and the extent of BPD psychopathology. Sampling and Methods: We studied 22 BPD-diagnosed individuals who were independently administered these two laboratory assays. Performance on these tests was used as a predictor of the extent of BPD psychopathology. Results: Indexes of the ANT and the WCST were correlated with one another in this sample. Further, the extent of impairment in attention networks, specifically the orienting network, was associated with a greater spectrum of BPD psychopathology, independent of the effects of age and medication status. Finally, ANT and WCST performance were uncorrelated with general psychosocial functioning in this sample, implicating relative specificity to the extent, as contrasted with functional severity, of BPD psychopathology. Conclusions: Attentional and executive functions are promising endophenotypic markers of BPD psychopathology. The implications of these findings are considered from developmental, experimental, and clinical perspectives.