Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of dynamical representational errors on an Indian Ocean ensemble data assimilation system

This study investigates the impact of dynamical representational error (RE) on the analysis of an ocean ensemble Kalman filter‐based data assimilation system, LETKF‐ROMS (Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter – Regional Ocean Modelling System) configured for the Indian Ocean and assimilating in situ temperature and salinity observations from Argo. Three different approaches to account for the RE are studied and inter‐compared: (a) static RE (varies in horizontal and vertical direction), (b) dynamic RE (varies in space and time) estimated from concurrent observations, and (c) dynamic RE estimated using concurrent high‐resolution model outputs. RE estimated from the model outputs exhibits rich spatial and temporal variability with an estimated temporal mean RE for temperature below 0.5 and 0.2 °C in the surface and deep layers, respectively, and reaching up to 1 °C in the thermocline layers. The region encompassing the Great Whirl displays a large seasonal variability reaching up to 0.8 °C, and the South Equatorial Current (SEC) a large interannual variability reaching up to 0.4 °C. Neglecting such spatio‐temporal variations of RE and assimilating with a static RE limited the benefits of assimilation by entertaining over‐fitting issues that caused degradations in the Bay of Bengal, the western parts of the Arabian Sea, and the equatorial Indian Ocean. Assimilating with the observations‐based dynamic RE improved the results in these regions, but the best performances were obtained with the configuration using the model‐based dynamic RE, which yielded further improvements, e.g. reduction of sea surface height root‐mean‐square errors reaches 30% with respect to the observations‐based dynamic RE. The latter also better handled the rich spatial variability regions and areas not well sampled by the observations. Improved estimates of the spatial and temporal variations of RE helped to better exploit the assimilated observations and provided enhanced analyses less prone to assimilation shocks.
Characterization of gravity waves in the lower ionosphere using VLF observations at Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Station

Abstract. The goal of this work is to investigate the gravity waves (GWs) characteristics in the low ionosphere using very low frequency (VLF) radio signals. The spatial modulations produced by the GWs affect the conditions of the electron density at reflection height of the VLF signals, which produce fluctuations of the electrical conductivity in the D-region that can be detected as variations in the amplitude and phase of VLF narrowband signals. The analysis considered the VLF signal transmitted from the US Cutler/Marine (NAA) station that was received at Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Station (EACF, 62.1° S, 58.4° W), which is a great circle path crossing longitudinally the Drake Passage. The wave periods of the GWs detected in the low ionosphere are obtained using the wavelet analysis applied to the VLF amplitude. The use of the VLF technique was validated comparing the wave period and duration properties of one GW event observed simultaneously with a co-located airglow all-sky imager both operating at EACF. The statistical analysis of the wave periods detected using VLF technique for 2007 showed that the GW events occur almost all nights, with a higher frequency per month from March to October. The predominant wave periods are more frequent between 10 and 15 min occurring preferentially during the equinoxes, but there are some events with periods higher than 60 min appearing only in the solstices (January and July). These results show that VLF technique is a powerful tool to obtain the wave period and duration of GW events in the low ionosphere, with the advantage to be independent of sky conditions, and can be used during daytime and year-round.
Caractérisation par IRM précoce de la synergie tPA - inhibiteur du TAFI dans un modèle d'ischémie focale thromboembolique murin

L'efficacite du rtPA dans le traitement de l’ischemie aigue est bien reconnue avec des effets secondaires graves necessitant l’evaluation d’autres strategies. Un modele d’ischemie cerebrale focale a ete decrit, realise par injection in situ de thrombine. Dans notre premiere etude, nous avons utilise l’imagerie par resonance magnetique multimodale pour documenter les lesions et les zones de penombre dans ce modele. Malgre une occlusion de l’artere reproductible et une hypoperfusion marquee chez tous les sujets, une reperfusion spontanee est constatee dans 38% des cas, rendant l’IRM incontournable dans l’evaluation de ce modele. La deuxieme etude a compare l'efficacite d’un TAFI inhibiteur seul ou en combinaison avec le rtPA a faible dose. Nous avons montre que la combinaison du TAFI inhibiteur avec le rtPA a faible dose n'est pas aussi efficace que la dose standard de rtPA, avec une tendance positive, tandis que le TAFI inhibiteur seul n'est pas efficace du tout. Le modele thromboembolique presente un interet particulier dans l'evaluation des strategies therapeutiques associees au rtPA pour ameliorer la thrombolyse, surtout lorsqu'il est evalue par un suivi longitudinal en IRM
Sustainable Improvement of Expansive Clays Using Xanthan Gum as a Biopolymer

In this study, Biopolymers are used as an attempt to create sustainable environment by eliminating the negative environmental impacts of using traditional admixtures in soil stabilization. Xanthan Gum is used as a biopolymer to treat expansive soil. A series of tests like, Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), One-Dimensional Consolidation and Standard Direct Shear tests were conducted on virgin soil and biopolymer (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5%) treated soils. The results revels that by addition of biopolymer content Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of soil decreases and Optimum Water Content (OMC) increases. The UCS value is increased by 4 times for the addition of 1% xanthan gum to soil for 28 day curing period. Compressibility of soil is deceased by 65% for 28day curing period. Shear parameters of treated soil shows improvement with addition of xanthan gum content. For further examination, SEM analyses were conducted on the tested samples and revealed that the soil fabric had white lumps and pores in the soil structure were filled with cementitious gel. Moreover, the resistance towards shear and compressibility of treated samples increased with curing times. Therefore, use of Xanthan Gum for soil stabilization is a solution for eco-friendly soil stabilizing material.
An Optical Five Channel Demultiplexer-Based Simple Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator for WDM Applications

Abstract We have proposed simple ring resonator 5-channel demultiplexer based on optical channel drop filter analysis that is applicable at third communication window (1550 nm) range. Our proposed base filter is the important part in designing the demultiplexer, inclusive one ring resonator contains one square dielectric rod at core. Demultiplexer structure introduced by arranging five filter with different ring core refractive index. Insomuch every ring core have individual refractive index, thus each ring have diverse resonant wavelength. Numerical results by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method show quality factor (Q) and transmission efficiency of fundamental channel drop filter are 1038 and 93 %, respectively. It is found that transmission efficiency in designed demultiplexer is more than 90 % for each channel; channel spacing is less than 4.2 nm. The average crosstalk value, total footprint of demutiplexer is −17.85 dB, 689.61 μm2, respectively. Small size with a very simple ring design can be benefit in photonic integrated circuit.
Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Siswa yang Menggunakan Multimedia Interaktif dengan Buku Teks dalam Pembelajaran Biologi di SMA

Learning is a process that requires resources as a support in the success of learning. As an educator, teachers must be careful in choosing the learning resources needed by students, so that the learning process can be achieved according to the purpose of learning. But in fact, the learning that teachers do in schools is still not utilizing the media as an appropriate learning resource for students, especially in the understanding of abstract biological concepts that require supporting media for student learning. This study aims to describe differences in student learning outcomes that use interactive multimedia with textbooks in biology learning at senior high school. The method used in this study is quasi-experimental, with Control Group Pretest - Posttest Design. Population in this research is class XI-MIPA I and XI-MIPA II. Class XI-MIPA I as experimental class and class XI-MIPA II as control class. The data were obtained by using a multiple choice test instrument of 30 questions. Based on the results of the pretest and posttest it was found that the average value of the experimental class was greater than the control class. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that there are differences in student learning outcomes that use interactive multimedia with textbooks in biology learning at senior high school.
Fully 3D Monte Carlo Ambient Noise Tomography over Grane Field

Summary We extracted Scholte waves from cross-correlations of twelve hours of continuous ambient noise recorded on 3458 sensors over Grane oil field. The fundamental modes of those cross-correlations are separated using a dispersion compensation method. We then automatically picked phase velocity dispersion curves for the fundamental mode and determined phase velocity maps using Eikonal tomography. To characterize the shallow subsurface structure, we performed many 1D Monte Carlo depth inversions to estimate 3D shear-velocity structures. However, the traditional independent depth inversion method loses lateral spatial correlations and introduces errors in final velocity models. Thus, we also inverted for a 2D section using a 2D parametrization that includes lateral spatial correlations and compared those results with the traditional 1D inversion. Finally, to determine a 3D shear-velocity model, we applied direct 3D Monte Carlo inversion. Comparisons are informative about methods and structures.
Performance Enhancement of a Transonic Axial Flow Compressor with Circumferential Casing Grooves to Improve the Stall Margin

The stability range of the gas turbine engine compressors is being challenged in the modern days due to the intention of increasing per stage maximum loading. Casing treatment has been widely adopted as a realistic passive flow control means to improve the stall margin with a slight decrease of efficiency at the same time by various grooves of which shape (location, angles and so on) has a significant influence on controlling effect. However, the influence of some details in grooves is ignored in most of the case that may impact the specific flow field in the groove. A research on the impact of chamfer and fillet corners on the performance of casing treatment was proceeded by numerical simulation in this paper. The performance of different models of grooves on NASA Rotor 37 was investigated by discretizing 3D RANS based on finite volume method. Firstly, steady simulations were performed on NASA rotor 37 for validation. The CFD results and experimental data for adiabatic efficiency and pressure ratio were in good agreement. According to convergence criteria, the initiation of the stall was predicted. Few numbers of circumferential grooves casing treatment (CGCT) models have been proposed and tested numerically. Rectangular CGCT shape and smooth wall casing performances were analyzed. Moreover, the highest adiabatic efficiencies and stall margins of smooth wall casing, rectangular grooves and rectangular grooves with chamfer and fillet corners shapes models were compared to evaluate the influence of the shape of grooves on the stability and performance on axial flow compressor. The rectangular circumferential casing grooves and rectangular grooves with chamfer and fillet corners enhanced significantly stall margin and an operational range of the transonic axial flow compressor but adiabatic efficiency was slightly decreased.
Stability of a thermoelastic laminated system subject to a neutral delay

In this work, we consider a system of two identical beams of uniform thickness modeled as a Timoshenko system. The slip between the beams is taken into account, and the system is coupled with a heat equation. Moreover, the slip equation is subject to a distributed delay of neutral type. Delays are known to be of a destructive nature in general. Therefore, here, the delay will compete with a frictional damping and the dissipation produced by the heat equation. We provide sufficient conditions ensuring exponential and polynomial stability of the structure.
Multiscale collection and analysis of submerged aquatic vegetation spectral profiles for Eurasian watermilfoil detection

Abstract. The ability to differentiate a non-native aquatic plant, Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil or EWM), from other submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) using spectral data collected at multiple scales was investigated as a precursor to mapping of EWM. Spectral data were collected using spectroradiometers for SAV taken out of the water, from the side of a boat directly over areas of SAV and from a lightweight portable radiometer system flown from an unmanned aerial system (UAS). EWM was spectrally different from other SAV when using 651 spectral bands collected in ultraviolet to near-infrared range of 350 to 1000 nm but does not provide a practical system for EWM mapping because this exceeds the capabilities of available airborne hyperspectral imaging systems. Using only six spectral bands corresponding to an available multispectral camera or eight wetlands-centric bands did not reliably differentiate EWM from other SAV and assemblages. However, a modified version of the normalized difference vegetation index (mNDVI), using a ratio of red-edge to red light, was significantly different among dominant vegetation groups. Also, averaging the full range of spectral to 65 10-nm wide bands, similar to available hyperspectral imaging systems, provided the ability to identify EWM separately from other SAV. The UAS-collected spectral data had the lowest remote sensing reflectance versus the out-of-water and boatside data, emphasizing the need to collect optimized data. The spectral data collected for this study support that with relatively clear and calm water, hyperspectral data, and mNDVI, it is likely that UAS-based imaging can help with mapping and monitoring of EWM.
Morphological properties of almond oil constituted nanofibrous scaffold for bone tissue engineering

One of the greatest challenges in the bone remodeling is to fabricate the structure resembling the extracellular matrix. This research aims to fabricate a novel bone scaffold comprising polyurethane (PU) added with almond nanofibers via electrospinning technique. The PU/almond oil nanocomposites showed smaller fiber diameter (629 ± 148.92 nm) compared to the pristine PU (890 ± 116.91 nm). The interaction of PU with almond oil was confirmed in the infrared spectrum by the strong formation of a hydrogen bond. The wettability analysis showed that the prepared PU/almond oil nanocomposites were hydrophobic in nature (107° ± 1) compared with the pure PU (100° ± 0.5774). Thermal analysis revealed enhancement of the thermal stability with the addition of the almond oil. The addition of almond oil into the PU matrix increased the surface roughness and blood compatibility properties. Further, the fabricated PU/almond oil nanocomposites showed less toxicity to red blood cells (RBCs), as indicated in the hemolytic assay. Hence, the novel fabricated scaffold possesses better physicochemical properties and is nontoxic to the RBCs, which may be utilized for bone tissue regeneration.
Different Representation of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Convection-Permitting and Convection-Parameterizing NWP Models and Its Implications for Large-Scale Forecast Evolution

Representing mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and their multi-scale interaction with the large-scale atmospheric dynamics is still a major challenge in state-of-the-art global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This results in potentially defective forecasts of synoptic-scale dynamics in regions of high MCS activity. Here, we quantify this error by comparing simulations performed with a very large-domain, convection-permitting NWP model to two operational global NWP models relying on parameterized convection. We use one month’s worth of daily forecasts over Western Africa and focus on land regions only. The convection-permitting model matches remarkably well the statistics of westward-propagating MCSs compared to observations, while the convection-parameterizing NWP models misrepresent them. The difference in the representation of MCSs in the different models leads to measurably different synoptic-scale forecast evolution as visible in the wind fields at both 850 and 650 hPa, resulting in forecast differences compared to the operational global NWP models. This is quantified by computing the correlation between the differences and the number of MCSs: the larger the number of MCSs, the larger the difference. This fits the expectation from theory on MCS–mean flow interaction. Here, we show that this effect is strong enough to affect daily limited-area forecasts on very large domains.
The extent and uptake of mathematics support in higher education: results from the 2018 survey

In response to the well-documented challenges associated with the ‘mathematics problem’ in UK higher education, many institutions have implemented a programme of mathematics support. Previous surveys within the UK, undertaken in 2001, 2004 and, most recently, 2012, have shown growth in the number of institutions offering such support and indicate that the dominant form of provision is through a drop-in model. Here we report on a 2018 survey of higher education providers in England and Wales undertaken to establish not only the extent of current provision but also understand the scale of its delivery. We find that overall the proportion of higher education institutions offering mathematics support remains broadly the same, but there is considerable variation in how this support is delivered within institutions. While the drop-in model remains most common, we see evidence that the methods used to provide mathematics support are expanding and that the range of levels and subjects studied of targeted student cohorts is widening. For the first time we are able to report on the volume of use of mathematics support by students across England and Wales, and although dependent upon the institutional context, we see clear evidence of the extensive use being made of it by learners.
An Improved Pretraining Strategy-Based Scene Classification With Deep Learning

High-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) image scene classification takes an important role in many applications and has attracted much attention. Recently, notable efforts have been made to present massive methods for HRRS scene classification, wherein deep-learning-based methods demonstrate remarkable performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. However, HRRS images contain complex contextual relationships and large differences of object scale, which are significantly different from natural images. The existing deep-learning-based scene classification methods are originally designed for natural image processing and have not been optimized to adapt to the characteristics of HRRS images, which significantly affects the efficiency of the feature extraction and recognition accuracy. In addition, when designing a model for remote sensing tasks, the pretraining of the model is time-consuming. The enormous amount of pretraining time and computation resources necessarily increase the difficulty of producing an excellent model. In this letter, focusing on the problems above, we proposed a new convolutional neural network (CNN)-based scene classification method. The CNN-based scene classification method is constructed by spatial-scale-aware blocks and is efficient in extracting the abundant spatial features, but can also adaptively adjust feature responses to maximize the function of informative features in the classification results. In addition, an HRRS imagery-based learning strategy is utilized to obtain an initial model for fine-tuning the model parameters, which drastically reduces the pretraining time. The proposed method has been demonstrated using two HRRS data sets, and experimental results have proven the superiority of the proposed method.
PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP STRES KERJA DAN KINERJA PERAWAT RAWAT INAP DALAM

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan tingginya turn over dan absensi pegawai yang diakibatkan karena beban kerja yang tinggi sehingga perawat mengalami kelelahan dan gangguan kesehatan lainnya, tingkat turn over dan absensi yang tinggi berdampak pada kinerja perawat, sehingga keluarga pasien kerap komplain karena pelayanan dan perawatan yang kurang maksimal. Motode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dan verifikatif. Hasil penelitian didapati besarnya angka Adjusted R Square adalah 0,193 atau 19,3%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa beban kerja mempengaruhi langsung terhadap stres kerja sebesar 19,3%. Dapat disimpulkan pula bahwa beban kerja mempengaruhi tidak langsung terhadap kinerja sebagai variabel intervening lalu ke stres kerja sebesar 39,9%. Sebagai saran, diharapkan manajemen BLUD RSU Kota Banjar dapat meringankan beban kerja fisik perawat seperti mengangkat, memindahkan, dan memandikan pasien dengan cara memberikan fasilitas alat yang lebih canggih atau sesuai standar operasional untuk dapat membantu meringankan beban kerja fisik perawat. Dikarenakan perawat memiliki beban kerja yang berat dan berlebihan, disarankan manajemen sumber daya manusia BLUD RSU Kota Banjar untuk dapat melakukan reikrutmen perawat baru sesuai kualifikasi yang ditentukan untuk memenuhi nilai ideal perawat.
Knowledge, Perception & Practice of Eye Care Nursing among Nurses in Intensive Care Units

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of knowledge, perception, and practice of eye care as part of nursing care in the ICU. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. The participants in this study were 269 registered nurses working in the ICUs of five university hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Between November 2005 and December 2005, data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researchers, and analyzed using the SPSS Program. Results: In general, levels of knowledge of nursing care for the eyes were moderate among ICU nurses, but levels of perception of nursing care for the eyes were very high. Of the respondents, 61.7% reported that they would consult a doctor whenever they found an eye problem. Only 42.4% nurses answered that they provide eye care as part of the daily routine and 43.9% nurses responded that they cleanse the eye lids with wet saline gauze. In regression analysis, the practice of eye care as part of nursing was significantly influenced by perception of nursing care for the eyes, and knowledge of interventions for nursing care for the eyes. Conclusion: These results suggest that education on care of the eyes for ICU nurses and the development of a standardized eye care protocol should be done to improve quality of nursing care in the ICU.