Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Resource Management Toward 5G Radio Access Networks

The next generation 5G radio access network (RAN) system is believed to be a true world wide wireless web (WWWW). This is because such system will seamlessly and ubiquitously connect everything, and support at least 1000-fold traffic volumes, 100 billion connected wireless devices, and diversified use cases as well as quality of service (QoS) requirements (e.g., reliability, latency, data rates, coverage, security, and privacy) of multimedia applications by 2020. Recently, a number of research challenges including the explosive growth in mobile traffic volumes, unprecedented connected devices, and diversified use cases have been identified for the 5G RAN systems. In addition, specific technologies such as multitier communication, massive MIMOs, mmWave backhauling, extreme densifications of nodes (UDNs), full-duplex communications (FDCs), and energy harvesting techniques have emerged in the literature to resolve some of these challenges of the 5G RAN systems. However, the research activities defining specific technical advancements for 5G RAN systems are yet to continue in the next half decade before specifications for standardization and commercialization are concluded. Motivated by the limited number of existing surveys of such technical advancements in a broader perspective (i.e., interference, spectrum-efficient, and energy-efficient management schemes), this paper seeks to take stock of state-of-the-art (SOTA) on such technical developments. Our attention focuses on relevant radio interference and resource management (RIRM) schemes that have been proposed in the last five years. Our contribution lies in the analysis, synthesis, and summarized alignments of the conventional RIRM schemes toward overcoming the identified challenges for the 5G RAN systems. Finally, the review highlights a number of open research issues deduced from recently proposed RIRM schemes.
Essays on macro financial linkages

The first chapter, joint with Dominik Thaler, is a New Keynesian model of how monetary policy can influence the risk-taking behaviour of banks. Lower interest rates change bank incentives, making them prefer riskier investments. This mechanism alters the tradeoff faced by the monetary authority, affecting optimal policy conduct. After estimating the model, we find that the monetary authority should react less aggressively to inflation, trading off more inflation volatility in exchange for less financial market distortions. The second chapter, written with Prof. Massimiliano Marcellino, investigates whether modelling parameter time variation and stochastic volatility improves the forecasts of three major exchange rates vis-a-vis the US dollar. We find that modelling time-varying volatility significantly refines the estimation of forecast uncertainty through an accurate calibration of the entire forecast distribution at all forecast horizons. Similar empirical tools are employed in the third chapter, where I show that the inclusion of default risk and risk aversion measures improves the forecasts of key activity and banking indicators. The bulk of forecast improvement takes place during the 2001 and 2008 recessions, when credit constraints were arguably binding. A structural VAR further reveals that an unexpected credit spread increase in 2010 causes an output contraction that lasts for about two years, and explains up to 35% percent of output variation. The final project, joint with Sandra Eickmeier, Prof. Massimiliano Marcellino and Wolfgang Lemke, investigates the changing international transmission of financial shocks over 1971-2012. A time-varying parameter FAVAR shows that global financial shocks, measured as unexpected changes in a US financial condition index, strongly impact growth in the nine countries considered. In addition, financial shocks in 2008 explain approximately 20% of the GDP growth variation in the 9 countries, as opposed to an average of 5% percent before the crisis.
Evaluation of Clinical Research Training Programs Using the Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory

The purpose of this study was to measure change in clinical research self‐efficacy after participating in KL2, postdoctoral and predoctoral clinical research training programs at Washington University School of Medicine. We surveyed program participants using a 76‐item version of the Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory (CRAI). Principal components analysis (PCA) examined the CRAI’s underlying factor structure; Cronbach alpha measured the internal consistency of items on each subscale and the overall CRAI. CRAI score changes from baseline to 1‐year follow‐up were assessed using repeated‐measures analysis of variance. All 29 KL2, 47 postdoctoral, and 31 TL1 scholars enrolled 2006–2009 (mean age 31.6 years, range 22–44; 59.6% female; 65.4% white) completed baseline surveys. Of these participants, 22 KL2, 17 postdoctoral, and 21 TL1 scholars completed the 1‐year follow‐up assessment. PCA resulted in a seven‐factor solution with 69 items (alphas > 0.849 for each subscale and 69‐item CRAI). Significant improvements at 1‐year follow‐up were observed across all programs for Study Design/Data Analysis (p= .016), Interpreting/Reporting/Presenting (p= .034), and overall CRAI (p= .050). Differences between programs were observed for all but one subscale (each p < .05). Clinical research self‐efficacy increased 1 year after clinical research training. Whether this short‐term outcome correlates with long‐term clinical research productivity, requires further study. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 243–248.
How Content Valence and Online Impression Influence Goal Achievement in Social Media Environment?

Globally, users are sharing content on social networking sites (SNS) to signal their preferences and to build a positive online reputation. Using the approach and avoidance motivation theory, we examine the relationship among online impression, guilt and valence of shared content on SNS. Two experiments were conducted to test the conceptual model. The findings indicate that people prefer sharing positive content over negative content. Also, negative content induces guilt and affects the online impression and motivations to achieve desired goals. Therefore, social media marketers can use distinct valence of content to help consumers to achieve their goals effectively, especially in the fields of health care and education. The results suggest that avoidance motivation is more effective than approach motivation for achieving the goal of a positive online image.
Organization and Evaluation of Performance Indicators of a Breast Cancer Screening Program in Meknes-Tafilalt Region, Morocco

Objective: The benefits of screening and early detection of breast cancer, including reduced morbidity and mortality, have been well-reported in the literature. In 2011, a breast cancer screening program was launched in Meknes-Tafilalt region of Morocco. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early performance indicators of this program. Materials and Methods: This retrospective evaluative study was conducted between April 2012 and December 2014, in Meknes-Tafilalt region of Morocco. Several performance indicators of the breast cancer screening program were calculated: the compliance rate, the positivity rate, the referral rate, the cancer detection rate and the organizational indicators. Results: During 2012-2014, a total of 184,951 women participated in the breast cancer screening program. The compliance rate was 26%, the positive rate was 3.3%, the referral rate was 36.7%, and the cancer detection rate was 1.2 per 1,000 women. The median time between the date of clinical breast examination and the date of biopsy (or cyto-puncture) was 36 days. The median time between the date of positive mammography and the date of biopsy (or cyto-puncture) was 6 days. The median time between the date of clinical breast examination and the date of the first received treatment was 61 days. Conclusions: The program needs better monitoring, as well as implementation of quality assurance tools to improve performance in our country.
Fish consumption, sleep, daily functioning, and heart rate variability.

STUDY OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of fatty fish on sleep, daily functioning and biomarkers such as heart rate variability (HRV), vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) in red blood cells. Moreover the relationship among sleep, daily functioning, HRV, vitamin D status, and levels of EPA+DHA was investigated. METHODS Ninety-five male forensic patients from a secure forensic inpatient facility in the USA were randomly assigned into a Fish or a Control group. The Fish group received Atlantic salmon three times per week from September to February, and the Control group was provided an alternative meal (e.g., chicken, pork, beef), but with the same nutritional value as their habitual diet, three times per week during the same period. Sleep (sleep latency, sleep efficiency, actual sleep time, and actual wake time), self-perceived sleep quality and daily functioning, as well as vitamin D status, EPA+DHA, and HRV, were assessed pre- and post-intervention period. RESULTS There was a significant increase in sleep latency from pre- to post-test in the Control group. The Fish group reported better daily functioning than the Control group during post-test. Fish consumption throughout the wintertime had also an effect on resting HRV and EPA+DHA, but not on vitamin D status. However, at post-test, the vitamin D status in the Fish group was still closer to the level regarded as optimal compared to the Control group. Vitamin D status correlated negatively with actual wake time and positively with sleep efficiency during pre-test, as well as positively with daily functioning and sleep quality during post-test. Finally, HRV correlated negatively with sleep latency and positively with daily functioning. CONCLUSIONS Fish consumption seemed to have a positive impact on sleep in general and also on daily functioning, which may be related to vitamin D status and HRV.
Reliability Theory: With Applications to Preventive Maintenance

recent offerings by competing publishers. There are numerous and thoughtprovoking exercises—457 by my count. Many are based on the example cases from Chapter 2. The basic statistical groundwork for reliability textbooks has been well laid by Leemis (1995), Lawless (1982), and Nelson (1982), among others. Meeker and Escobar (1998) have, in my opinion, the best general survey. Recent books like that by Modarres, Kaminskiy, and Kritsov (1999) are extending the material into new, focused applications. The reviewed book does not compete with the 1998 book by Meeker and Escobar, which it cites often and which covers the statistical issues completely. Instead, it places reliability analysis in a much broader and more complete framework. It is so comprehensive that it would provide material for more than a two-semester graduate sequence in reliability. It integrates several threads of operations research—statistics, probability, stochastic processes, and optimization—and it will find a warm welcome in the best graduate programs. I strongly recommend it.
The way we see it: an analysis of economically disadvantaged young people's experiences and perceptions of social and economic health in their semi-rural community

This study investigates how socially and economically disadvantaged young people, living in a semi-rural, post-industrial Atlantic Canadian community, experience and perceive social and economic health -defined as participants' sense of comfort and security that their social and economic needs are, and will continue to be, met in their community. I argue that social and educational policies and practices must reflect the realities of local citizens if they aim to interrupt regional health disparities. A key objective of this research is to expose and challenge gender, class, and regional inequalities through an analysis of young adults' social and economic health experiences and perceptions. Drawing primarily upon Pierre Bourdieu's (1990b; 2001) concepts -habitus, field, and symbolic domination -relations between gender, class, and historical circumstances theoretically inform this research. Employing a critical ethnographic methodological framework (Madison, 2005), experiences and perceptions of ten economically disadvantaged youth -five women and five men, ages 19-30 -were gathered through focus groups, individual interviews, participant observation, critical dialogue (using media to stimulate dialogue among participants), and an adaptation of photovoice (a technique combining photography and narrative). Results suggest that the social and economic health needs of economically disadvantaged young adults are not being met. They confirm Bourdieu's (1999a) assertion of an interrelationship between physical place and the positioning of agents in social fields. Participants navigate economic, cultural, and social fields, aware of their social positioning as they 'work' the fields in order to secure enough capital to 'get by'.
The Determinants Of Urban Food Security: Insights From A Low Income Neighborhood In South Africa

Heads of state attending the 1996 World Food Summit in 1996 signed the Rome Declaration on World Food Security re-affirming ? the right of everyone to have access to safe and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food, and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger (FAO,1996). Despite this more than 900 million people across the world were still food insecure in 2010 (FAO, 2010). Food Security is a critical problem facing policy makers in Sub Sahara Africa as more than 45 present of households have moderate to severe household food insecurity. Research indicates that Africa? s population is moving to the cities and that by 2030 more than 50 percent of the population may reside in urban areas. Furthermore, food insecurity is becoming recognised as increasingly urban, with a lack of policy focus by governments to address the growing food insecurity problem in urban settings. Studies on the extent of poverty in South Africa show that almost half of its population lives in poverty. Food availability is not the only condition for food security in urban settings if households do not have financial resources to access food. Households rely on income for their food security, spend a large proportion of household s budget on food, and have little access to other safety nets like agriculture or land to ensure food access. This paper examines the socio economic determinants of households which may impact on food insecurity in urban settings. A quantitative research method was deployed and a stratified random sample of 600 was used to determine which socio economic determinants determine food insecurity in an urban setting. Regression analyses were used to determine the effects of socio-economic determinants on household food insecurity. The results show that household food insecurity is influenced by the age of the head of the household, education of the head of the household, employment status of the head of the household, income of the head of the household, social grants received by the household and spending patterns of the household The study recommends that government should develop a more comprehensive strategy, focusing on urban areas in South Africa to increase access to food in the absence of available land to ensure access to food.
Facilitation of hammerhead ribozyme catalysis by the nucleocapsid protein of HIV‐1 and the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1.

In order to improve the activity of hammerhead ribozymes in vivo, we have analyzed the effect of several prototypical RNA binding proteins on the ribozyme cleavage reaction: bacteriophage T4 gene 32 protein (gp32), hnRNP A1 (A1) and the nucleocapsid protein of HIV‐1 (NCp7). We show that, while gp32 has no effect on the cleavage reaction, A1 and NCp7 affect different steps of the reaction. Moreover, some of these effects depend upon the ribozyme‐substrate hybrid length. A1 and NCp7 inhibit the reaction of the least stable ribozyme‐substrate complexes, which have 12 bp of duplex. NCp7, but not A1, inhibits the cleavage of substrates that have long ribozyme‐substrate duplexes (17 or 20 bp), while cleavage of complexes having shorter duplexes (13 or 14 bp) is not affected. NCp7 and A1 enhance the turnover of ribozymes by increasing the rate of product dissociation, but only when both cleavage products are bound with < or = 7 bp. A1 and NCp7 enhance ribozyme binding to long substrates, such as mRNAs, the structure of which otherwise limits ribozyme binding. Therefore, the effects of A1 or NCp7 on the different steps of the cleavage reaction define a length of the ribozyme‐substrate duplex which allows enhancement of the rate of binding and product release without inhibiting the cleavage step. Interestingly, this duplex length (14 bases, or 7 on each side of the cleavage site) is identical for A1 and NCp7. Since A1 is thought to interact with most, if not all mRNAs in vivo, it may enhance the intracellular activity of ribozymes targeted against any mRNA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in an aged California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

Abstract Senile plaques (SPs) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) consisting of β-amyloid (Aβ) are major features in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and elderly humans and animals. In this study, we report the finding of SPs and CAA in an aged sea lion (30 years), which is the first demonstration of AD-related pathological changes in a marine animal. Histologically, SPs were observed at the cerebral cortex, most frequently at the frontal lobe, with two morphologically different types: the small round type and the large granular type. Only the small round SPs were positive for Congo red staining. The SPs were equally immunoreactive to Aβ40 and Aβ42 and were mainly composed of Aβ with an N-terminal pyroglutamate residue at position 3. Amyloid depositions at vessel walls were noted at the meninges and within the parenchyma. Interestingly, double immunofluorescence staining for Aβ40 and Aβ42 showed that the two subtypes were deposited segmentally in different parts of the vessel walls. The lesions observed in the sea lion suggest that Aβ deposition is widely present in various animal species, including marine mammals; however, the peculiar deposits similar to cotton wool plaques and the specific pattern of CAA are characteristic features of this animal.
Treatment of squamous carcinoma of the retromolar trigone

SINCE SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA OF THE RETROMOLAR THIGONE is unusual, there is a paucity of information in the world's literature to use as a reference for selecting treatment and determining pertinent factors affecting prognosis. Consequently, an analysis of the medical records of 110 patients with biopsy proven squamous carcinoma originating in the retromolar trigone, seen and treated entirely at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston from 1965–1977, with at least 5 years of follow-up, was completed and constitutes the substance of this study.Local-regional control and survival were correlated with age, sex, presenting signs and symptoms, dental status, T and N classification, histologie grading, surgical findings, and the various modalities of treatment.Seventy lesions were staged T1-T2 and 77 patients had N0 necks. Thirty-five patients received a planned combination of surgery and x-ray therapy to the primary and/or neck. A composite resection was performed in 48 patients with the closure accomplished primarily or with a skin graft. The various surgical approaches are critiqued with a favorable emphasis on the marginal resection of the mandible and a modification of the radical neck dissection. The ultimate failure in the primary and the neck was 7% (8/110) and 10% (11/110) respectively. Single modality treatment whether it is surgery or irradiation appears equally adequate regardless of the T or N Stage. However, more T3-T4 cancers were treated initially with surgery. Thirty-six patients developed a second primary cancer of which 29 were in the upper aerodigestive tract. The low 5-year survival of 20% (29/110) reflects a poor salvage of the second primary and a high incidence of intercurrent disease in this elderly group of patients.
Pattern, Severity and Circumtances of Injuries Sustained in Road Traffic Accidents: A Tertiary Care Hospital-Based Study

Introduction: Expansion in road network, motorization, and urbanization in the country has been accompanied by a rise in road accidents leading to road traffic injuries (RTIs). Today RTIs are one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities, and hospitalizations with severe socioeconomic costs across the world. Objectives: The following study analyses the: Age and sex distribution of injured in road traffic accidents (RTAs). Circumstances leading to RTA. Pattern and severity of injuries sustained in RTAs cases. Design: Retrospective record-based study. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to audit retrospectively the circumstances, severity, and pattern of injury sustained by vehicle occupants presenting to the Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS) hospital Hapur, for a period of one year. Data were collected using the case sheets of 347 patients from the medical records section of hospital and analyzed using SPSS computer software version 16.0. Results are interpreted in terms of percentage, mean, chi-square, and z-test. Results: The pattern and severity of injuries sustained by 347 vehicle occupants admitted to the emergency department of SIMS, Hapur were retrospectively documented. Male victims 258 (74.35%) were more commonly involved than females 89 (25.65%) and majority of victims 141 (40.63%) were in age group of 20-30 years. Urban victims 222 (64.00%) outnumbered rural. The most frequently injured body regions were the extremities 499 (53.54%), followed by maxillofacial180(19.31%). Out of total 802 external injuries, the most common type of injury was lacerations 307 (38.28%), abrasions 306 (38.15%)and followed by bruises 154 (19.20%). Multiple external injuries were more common on upper limb 216 (26.93%), lower limbs 210 (26.18%) and face 170 (21.20%), while crush injuries were more predominently seen in both the limbs. While laceration were common on face 120 (38.83%). Injuries to the chest 19 (2.36%), abdomen13 (1.61%), and spine 11 (1.36%) were seen in roughy equal proprotion of victims. The bones on right side 55 (55.55%) were more commonly fractured which is statistically significant. Skull injuries were mostly found on frontal 77 (47.53%), followed by parietal bone 33 (20.37%), mostly on right side. Conclusion: RTAs constitute a major public health problem in our setting. Urgent preventive measures targeting at reducing the occurrence of RTAs are necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from these injuries.