Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postlaunch Calibration and Validation Analyses , Part 2

The effort to resolve data quality issues and improve on the initial data evaluation methodologies of the SeaWiFS Project was an extensive one. These evaluations have resulted, to date, in three major reprocessings of the entire data set where each reprocessing addressed the data quality issues that could be identified up to the time of the reprocessing. Three volumes of the SeaWiFS Postlauneh Technical Report Series (Volumes 9, 10, and 11) are needed to document the improvements implemented since launch. Volume 10 continues the sequential presentation of postlaunch data analysis and algorithm descriptions begun in Volume 9. Chapter 1 of Volume 10 describes an absorbing aerosol index, similar to that produced by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Project, which is used to flag pixels contaminated by absorbing aerosols, such as, dust and smoke. Chapter 2 discusses the algorithm being used to remove SeaWiFS out-of-band radiance from the water-leaving radiances. Chapter 3 provides an itemization of all significant changes in the processing algorithms for each of the first three reprocessings. Chapter 4 shows the time series of global clear water and deep-water (depths greater than 1,000 m) bio-optical and atmospheric properties (normalized water-leaving radiances, chlorophyll, atmospheric optical depth, etc.) based on the eight-day composites as a check on the sensor calibration stability. Chapter 5 examines the variation in the derived products with scan angle using high resolution data around Hawaii to test for residual scan modulation effects and atmospheric correction biases. Chapter 6 provides a methodology for evaluating the atmospheric correction algorithm and atmospheric derived products using ground-based observations. Similarly, Chapter 7 presents match-up comparisons of coincident satellite and in situ data to determine the accuracy of the water-leaving radiances, chlorophyll a, and K(490) products.
Raman spectroscopy of luminal subtype and basal subtype muscle invasive bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is the killer of human health, and its prevalence ranks second among all cancers. In order to improve the survival rate of bladder cancer, in addition to early detection, study on drugs, improvement of surgical protocols, and good prognosis of high-grade bladder cancer are crucial. Surface Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is not only a method of diagnosing bladder cancer, but also it can provide mechanisms of cancer and medicine for treatment. This paper explores the Raman spectra of luminal and basal subtype of muscle invasive bladder cancer. A total of 250 SERS spectra from muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) were acquired from 24 luminal subtype subjects and 26 basal subtype subjects who were given a pathological diagnosis. The experimental results demonstrate that two categories of muscle invasive bladder cancer can be distinguished by Raman spectrum. Principal component analysis combined with linear discriminate analysis (PCA-LDA) was used to classify luminal and basal subtype, with an accuracy of 94% and the accuracy of cross validation was 86%. Surface Enhanced Raman spectrum combined with PCA-LDA algorithms is a relatively accurate method to separate different levels of cancer and it can be used to research the mechanism of cancer and medicine for treatment. It lays the foundation for clinical application.
Integrating Domains of Physics : Learning Strategies and the Role of Teachers

Traditionally, physics is taught in high schools according to domains: mechanics, electricity, magnetism, optics, etc. A survey of 30 textbooks from all over the world indicates that 20 of the textbooks present each domain as a completely isolated unit. As a result, students studying from such textbooks are exposed to domains in physics serially, i.e., one after the other. Our studies and those of others (Bagno, Eylon & Ganiel, 1993; Van Heuvelen, 1991; Iran-Nejad, McKeachie & Berliner, 1990; Bicak & Bicak, 1990; Anderson & Botticelli, 1990; Burkhard, 1987; Perry & Miller, 1970) have shown that knowledge acquired by students studying in this manner is fragmented. Students lack a knowledge structure containing the relationships between the central concepts of physics and between the various studied topics. In addition, it is known that students encounter various difficulties both in comprehending basic concepts and also in applying acquired knowledge to problem solving (e.g., de Jong & Ferguson-Hessler, 1986; Eylon & Reif, 1984; Heller & Reif, 1984). In the long term, the knowledge of many of the students deteriorates into a number of partial equations and the concepts are represented by meaningless labels.
Action and inaction motivational risk beliefs in the use of ICT support in health promotion

This paper proposes and tests empirically a theoretical model that integrates an innovative construct capturing consumers’ inaction risk perception regarding not using an information and communication technology (ICT) service designed to support them in a non-leisure activity. A theoretical model contrasting perceived risk of not using (or inaction risk of) an ICT mobile application supporting health promotion to perceived risk of using this application (or action risk) was developed and tested with a sample of potential health ICT consumers in North America. Results show that inaction risk is a moderately strong antecedent of motivational factors in contrast to action risk that hinders the adoption of the ICT health promotion application.
Akademia Baru Malaysia Stock Market Integration : The Effect of Leader and Emerging Market

A significant change in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) usually has a significant effect on the stock market. Recently, China, South Korea and Malaysia are listed as the best of emerging markets countries with the average growth of GDP’s of 5% and above (Bloomberg, 2014). For the year 2015 and 2016, India’s GDP is expected to grow roughly 8% to 9%, which is one of the highest growth rates worldwide (Goldman Sachs, 2015). Despite the increasing growth in the emerging countries, however, for the past few years, United States (U.S), Europe and Japan had indeed been recognized as a leader in the global stock market. With the existence of these leaders, it is in fact indirectly gives the idea that the world's stock markets to some extent are influenced by them. Thus, due to this scenario, this paper aims to shed lights on the real integration and relationship between market leaders with Malaysian stock market. Based on the empirical analysis from 1994 to 2014, results shows that the US stock market (DJIA) and the Indian stock market (BSE) are financially integrated with Malaysian stock market. However, Japan stock market (NIK) and China stock market (SHCI) are not financially integrated with Malaysian stock market (KLCI). Copyright © 2016 Penerbit Akademia Baru All rights reserved.
TCM constitution yin deficiency affects treatment response of Peg-IFNα in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B and is related to HLA-DQA 1 gene polymorphisms

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the relationship of Yin deficiency with peg-IFN treatment response in patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQA1 genes. Methods: A total of 120 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB, undergoing peg-IFN treatment, were collected and divided into two groups, the yin-deficiency group (YD, 59 patients) and non-yin-deficiency group (nYD, 61 patients). They were selected and divided according to the criteria of Wangqi constitution classification for detection and comparison of HLA-DQA1 genotypes by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCRSSP). Efficacy was evaluated at the end of treatment and intergroup differences in gene frequency and constitution distribution were compared. Results: The effective rate in Group YD (complete response (CR) + partial response (PR)) was lower than in Group nYD (61.0% vs 78.7%, P<0.05). The HLA-DQA1*0501 gene frequency (14.8%) in Group CR was lower, while the frequency of HLA-DQA1*0601 genes (18.5%) was higher than in the non-response group (NR) (30.6% and 5.6%, respectively, P<0.05, Pc>0.05). The frequency of HLA-DQA1*0501 genes in Group YD (33.9%) was higher, while HLA-DQA1*0301 (2.5%) was lower than in Group nYD (18.9% and 9.8%, respectively, P<0.05, Pc>0.05). Conclusion: TCM constitution and HLA-DQA1 polymorphisms affect the treatment response to peg-IFNα in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB. Yin deficiency and HLA-DQA1*0501 genotypes are not conducive to the response, but the relationship requires further examination.
The Relationships among Perceived Organization Support , Psychological Capital and Employees ’ Job Burnout in International Tourist Hotels

The main purpose of this study is to verify the impacts of perceived organization support on employees’ job burnout in international tourist hotels with psychological capital as mediator. Through stratified sampling method, questionnaires were sent to full-time employees with more than three months of working experience in international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Out of 400 distributed questionnaires, 352 valid responses were returned. The results show that psychological capital exerts a significantly negative impact on job burnout, simultaneously confirm the significant mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between perceived organization support and job burnout. [Lin TL. The Relationships among Perceived Organization Support, Psychological Capital and Employees’ Job Burnout in International Tourist Hotels. Life Sci J 2013;10(3):2104-2112] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 308
Chapter 2 Introduction to Baculovirus Molecular Biology

The development of baculovirus expression vector systems has accompanied a rapid expansion of our knowledge about the genes, their function and regulation in insect cells. Classification of these viruses has also been refined as we learn more about differences in gene content between isolates, how this affects virus structure and their replication in insect larvae. Baculovirus gene expression occurs in an ordered cascade, regulated by early, late and very late gene promoters. There is now a detailed knowledge of these promoter elements and how they interact first with host cell-encoded RNA polymerases and later with virus-encoded enzymes. The composition of this virus RNA polymerase is known. The virus replication process culminates in the very high level expression of both polyhedrin and p10 gene products in the latter stages of infection. It has also been realized that the insect host cell has innate defenses against baculoviruses in the form of an apoptotic response to virus invasion. Baculoviruses counter this by encoding apoptotic-suppressors, which also appear to have a role in determining the host range of the virus. Also of importance to our understanding of baculovirus expression systems is how the virus can accumulate mutations within genes that affect recombinant protein yield in cell culture. The summary in this chapter is not exhaustive, but should provide a good preparation to those wishing to use this highly successful gene
SOME METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES CONCERNING SPEECH TIMING RESEARCH FROM A COMPARISON BETWEEN EUROPEAN AND BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE

RESUMO: Algumas questões metodológicas referentes à pesquisa sobre a organização temporal da fala são apresentadas e discutidas. A partir de uma comparação de dois corpora de frases lidas por dois locutores brasileiros e uma locutora portuguesa, avalia-se duas técnicas que visam à determinação do tipo rítmico das línguas: uma técnica dinâmica voltada para aspectos prosódicos e uma técnica voltada para aspectos segmentais. Discutem-se a importância da condição cæteris paribus e os critérios de mensuração nos experimentos em Fonética Acústica, no intuito de iluminar o uso adequado de ambas as técnicas. A primeira parece, no entanto, dar melhor conta daquilo que se conhece da tipologia das línguas do mundo. A segunda pode ser melhorada se alguns cuidados metodológicos básicos são levados em conta. O uso conjunto das duas técnicas poderá ser de grande utilidade para os estudos de tipologia rítmica. 0. INTRODUCTION
Prospective value of serologic antibodies in Chinese patients with inflammation bowel disease

Serological antibodies have been widely applied for diagnostics and potential clinical phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this prospective study was to assess the clinical value of multiple antibodies, including anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA), Escherichia coli outer membrane porin C antibody (anti-OmpC), anti-glycoprotein 2 antibody (GP2), and goblet cell antibody (GAB), by means of ELISA testing, in Chinese patients with inflammation bowel disease. The study investigated 130 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 120 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, compared with 80 healthy subjects. IBD phenotype was classified according to the Montreal classification. A combination of ASCA IgA and IgG had a sensitivity of 58.5% in CD. ANCA showed a sensitivity of 46.7% for UC. Prevalence of anti-OmpC (IgA) and GP2 (IgG) were significantly higher in CD patients than UC patients. Positivity of GAB (IgG) was higher in UC than in CD. Hence, a combination of ASCA/anti‐OmpC IgA/GP2 (IgG) showed the best specificity in distinguishing CD from UC. In CD, ASCA IgG, anti‐OmpC IgA and GP2 (IgG) were identified to be greater in complicated CD patients (B2/B3) than in simple phenotype (B1) patients. Furthermore, positivity of ANCA was associated with disease activity of UC. GAB (IgG) positivity implied extensive location in UC. Even with a relatively low prevalence, this study suggests certain serological antibodies as biomarkers for disease phenotypes and behavior in IBD.
Histopathological and physiological effects of liver and kidney in rats exposed to cadmium and ethanol

The present study was performed to assess the function and histology of the liver and kidney in rats exposed to 50 mg Cd/l (as cadmium chloride) and/or 10% (w/v) ethanol (EtOH) for 12 weeks. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and asparate aminotransferase (AspAT) in serum were measured as indicators of the liver function. As parameters of the kidney function, creatinine, total protein and urea concentrations in serum and urine, as well as urinary alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were determined, and creatinine clearance was calculated. Both organs were subjected to histopathological analysis. Daily Cd intake ranged from 3.17 to 4.28 mg/kg body weight and from 2.41 to 3.17 mg/kg body weight in the Cd and Cd + EtOH groups, respectively. The daily intake of 10% EtOH ranged from 47.5 to 86.9 g/kg body weight in the EtOH and from 47.3 to 63.4 g/kg body weight in the Cd + EtOH-exposed rats. Cd and EtOH, independently of separate or combined application, changed liver and kidney function and histology. Rats treated with Cd alone and those co-exposed to both substances showed qualitatively similar, but different magnitudes of changes, in liver and kidney histology. Blurred trabecular structure, vacuolar degeneration and increased density of nuclear chromatin with very compact nuclear structure were found in hepatocytes of zones 2 and 3. Moreover, mononuclear cell infiltrations and necrosis of single cells were evident in zone 1. In the kidney tubules, degeneration and hypertrophy of epithelial cells and dilation in the glomeruli were also observed. Some functional (increased serum AspAT and urinary ALP, decreased urinary urea) and structural changes in the liver and kidney were more evident in the case of combined exposure, while others were more evident after single exposure. However, a decrease in creatinine clearance, noted only in the animals treated with Cd and EtOH, shows that functional changes indicating renal insufficiency are more serious in the co-exposed group. Due to lower Cd and EtOH intake (resulting from a stronger aversion to drinking water containing both substances) in the co-exposed rats, as compared to the Cdand EtOH-treated groups, it is difficult to draw a definite conclusion from this study. The findings, however, seem to indicate that EtOH increases Cd nephrotoxicity in rats, and thus may suggest a higher risk of kidney damage in alcoholics exposed to Cd. Unfortunately, this study does not provide clear evidence if, and to what extent, EtOH influences Cd hepatotoxicity.
Manipulation of Ideological Items in the Audiovisual Translation of Voiced-Over Documentaries in the Arab World

In a widely globalized world, the influence of audiovisual translation on the culture and identity of audiences is unmistakable. However, in the Arab World, there is a noticeable disproportion between this growing influence and the research carried out in the field. As a matter of fact, the voiced-over documentary is one of the most abundantly translated genres in the Arab World that carries lots of ideological elements which are in many cases rendered by manipulation. However, voiced-over documentaries have hardly received any focused attention from researchers in the Arab World. This paper attempts to scrutinize the process of translation of voicedover documentaries in the Arab World, from French into Arabic in the present case study, by sub-categorizing the ideological items subject to manipulation, identifying the techniques utilized in their translation and exploring the potential extra-linguistic factors that prompt translation agents to opt for manipulative translation. The investigation is based on a corpus of 94 episodes taken from a series entitled 360° GEO Reports, produced by the French German network ARTE in French, and acquired, translated and aired by Al Jazeera Documentary Channel for Arab audiences. The results yielded 124 cases of manipulation in four sub-categories of ideological items, and the use of 10 different oblique procedures in the process of manipulative translation. The study also revealed that manipulation is in most of the instances dictated by the editorial line of the broadcasting channel, in addition to the religious, geopolitical and socio-cultural peculiarities of the target culture. Keywords—Audiovisual translation, ideological items, manipulation, voiced-over documentaries.
Analysis of clinical manifestations and gene mutations in infants with 21-hydroxylase deficiencies

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze and summarize the clinical symptoms and genetic characteristics of infants with 21-hydroxylase deficiencies (21-OHD). Methods: A total of 50 infants, diagnosed with 21OHD deficiencies, were included in the study. Clinical data, including age, sex, chief complaint, history of present illness, family history, past medical history, clinical symptoms, and comprehensive physical examination reports, were collected for analyses. Blood biochemistry parameters, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), testosterone, progesterone, cortisol, electrolytes, and genetic testing results, were also gathered and analyzed. Results: Of the 50 infants, the number of each of the three types of 21-OHD, including simple virilizing type, salt-wasting type, and non-classic type, were 15, 26, and 9, respectively. Symptoms of the 15 simple virilizing type infants were not apparent. However, their clinical signs were prominent, manifesting as abnormalities of the external genitalia. In contrast, the 26 salt-wasting type infants experienced apparent clinical symptoms, such as anorexia and diarrhea. Some patients also showed signs of external genital abnormalities. Those non-classic type infants had no overt clinical symptoms or signs. The current study found that levels of hormones in infants with 21-OHD were different than normal, with varying degrees. ACTH, 17-OHP, testosterone, and progesterone increased, while serum cortisol decreased, in varying degrees, compared to the normal range. The increase of ACTH, 17-OHP, and progesterone in simple virilizing type or non-classic types was lower than that of the salt-wasting type (both P<0.05). However, there were no differences in serum testosterone levels among the three types (all P>0.05). Moreover, serum cortisol levels of simple virilizing and non-classic types were lower than those of the salt-wasting type (both P<0.05). Predictably, the serum electrolyte panel showed significant differences in hyponatremia and hyperkalemia levels between the salt-wasting type and the other two types (both P<0.05). Parents of the 38 infants provided written consent to undergo CYP21A2 gene testing. Sanger sequencing revealed a total of 13 types of point mutations in 76 alleles, of which the intron 2 splice mutation (I2G) was the most common, presenting in 23 alleles and accounting for 30.3%. This was followed by c.518T>A (p. I173N) mutation, which was detected in 9 alleles (11.8%). In 5 patients, only one-point mutation was found in one allele. In the other 4 patients, no gene mutations were detected. Regarding the 5 cases with only one-point mutation and the 4 cases with no-point mutations, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used for further detection. Results showed that 6 of them had large fragment deletion. Combining those two genetic testing methods could yield a positive rate as high as 92.1%. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of 21-OHD should be based on clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, and genetic tests.
Task-Space Tracking for Humanoids with Modeling Errors using Iterative Learning Control, Intl. Journal of Humanoid Robots, 2017. Accurate Task-Space Tracking for Humanoids with Modeling Errors using Iterative Learning Control

Precise task-space tracking with manipulator-type systems requires an accurate kinematic model. In contrast to traditional manipulators, sometimes it is difficult to obtain an accurate kinematic model of humanoid robots due to complex structure and link flexibility. Also, prolonged use of the robot will lead to some parts wearing out or being replaced with a slightly different alignment, thus throwing off the initial calibration. Therefore, there is a need to develop a control algorithm that can compensate for the modeling errors and quickly retune itself, if needed, taking into account the controller bandwidth limitations and high dimensionality of the system. In this paper, we develop an iterative learning control algorithm that can work with existing inverse kinematics solvers to refine the joint-level control commands to enable precise tracking in the task space. We demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm on a theme-park type humanoid doing a drawing task, serving drink in a glass, and serving a drink placed on a tray without spilling. The iterative learning control algorithm is able to reduce the tracking error by at least two orders of magnitude in less than 20 trials.