Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current-Transformer Saturation Compensation for Transformer Differential Relays

Current-transformer (CT) saturation threatens accurate discrimination between internal fault current and magnetizing inrush current of a transformer and endangers the proper operation of a differential relay. Thus, compensation of CT saturation could substantially improve the performance and security of transformer differential relays. So far, almost all of the technical literature in this field has focused exclusively on fault current compensation. However, this paper proposes an efficient compensation algorithm to reconstruct the fault and inrush currents which are distorted by CT saturation. Some of the attractive features of the proposed method are its accuracy, fast response time, desired sample-by-sample output, no dependency on power system topology, immunity against noise and harmonics, and its simplicity. These features are extracted through the application of numerous test cases reflecting a wide range of variations in fault and inrush currents. The proposed algorithm proves to be fast, accurate, and reliable.
Electrodermal activity in suicidal and nonsuicidal depressive patients and in matched healthy subjects

ABSTRACT: The electrodermal activity (EDA) was measured in 25 suicidal and 34 nonsuicidal depressive patients and 59 individually matched healthy subjects during stimulation with neutral tone stimuli. Suicidal behaviour, especially the occurrence of attempts, was related to low electrodermal responsivity (EDR) and low stimulus‐unrelated phasic activity, but unrelated to tonic EDA. The EDR of different groups of subjects was successfully illustrated and tested by statistical methods known as survival statistics. The extreme hyporesponsivity in the attempters was observed irrespective of whether the attempt had been made previously or during the current depression. Electrodermal hyporesponsivity among depressive patients may be a part of a mechanism operating in the suicidal process, and an expression for a factor related to the ability to carry out a suicide attempt. This nonverbal and noninvasive method may yield additional valuable information when estimating the suicide risk in depressive patients in clinical work.
A Compact 60W X-Band GaN HEMT Power Amplifier MMIC

The design and performance of a compact X-band power amplifier MMIC utilizing Nanjing Electronic Devices Institute's (NEDI's) 0.25 μm gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology is presented. The MMIC operates in pulse conditions with typical pulse width of 100 μsec and 10% duty cycle. An output power of 47.5 dBm to 48.7 dBm with over 20 dB power gain and a power added efficiency (PAE) of 40% to 45% over the band of 8-12 GHz under a drain voltage of 28 V have been achieved. The chip size is 3.5 × 3.8 mm2 and the amplifier delivers an output power density up to 5.57 W/mm2 over the chip area and up to 6.43 W/mm over the active periphery of the power stage. The thermal resistance is 1.7 °C/W measured in CW mode.
Cannabinoids prevent the opposite regulation of astroglial connexin43 hemichannels and gap junction channels induced by pro‐inflammatory treatments

Brain injuries as well as neurodegenerative diseases, are associated with neuro‐inflammation characterized by astroglial and microglial activation and/or proliferation. Recently, we reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activation of microglia inhibits junctional channels and promotes hemichannels, two connexin43 functions in astrocytes. This opposite regulation is mediated by two pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐1 beta and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, released from activated microglia. Because cannabinoids (CBs) have anti‐inflammatory properties and their receptors are expressed by glial cells, we investigated on primary cortical cultures the effects of CB agonists, methanandamide and synthetic CBs on (i) cytokines released from LPS‐activated microglia and (ii) connexin43 functions in astrocytes subjected to pro‐inflammatory treatments. We observed that CBs inhibited the LPS‐induced release of interleukin‐1 beta and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha from microglia. Moreover, the connexin43 dual regulation evoked by the pro‐inflammatory treatments, was prevented by CB treatments. Pharmacological characterizations of CB actions on astrocytic connexin43 channels revealed that these effects were mainly mediated through CB1 receptors activation, although non‐CB1/CB2 receptors seemed to mediate the action of the methanandamide. Altogether these data demonstrate that in inflammatory situations CBs exert, through the activation of different sub‐types of glial CB receptors, a regulation on two functions of connexin43 channels in astrocytes known to be involved in neuron survival.
Probing the evolution of molecular cloud structure: From quiescence to birth

Context. Probability distribution of densities is a fundamental measure of molecular cloud structure, containing information on how the material arranges itself in molecular clouds. Aims. We derive the probability density functions (PDFs) of column density for a complete sample of prominent molecular cloud complexes closer than d < 200 pc. For comparison, additional complexes at d ≈ 250−700 pc are included in the study. Methods. We derive near-infrared dust extinction maps for 23 molecular cloud complexes, using the nicest colour excess mapping technique and data from the 2MASS archive. The extinction maps are then used to examine the column density PDFs in the clouds. Results. The column density PDFs of most molecular clouds are well-fitted by log-normal functions at low column densities (0. 5m ag< AV < 3− 5m ag, or−0.5 < lnAV /AV < 1). But at higher column densities prominent power-law-like wings are common. In particular, we identify a trend among the PDFs: active star-forming clouds always have prominent non-log-normal wings. In contrast, clouds without active star formation resemble log-normals over the whole observed column density range or show only low excess of higher column densities. This trend is also reflected in the cumulative forms of the PDFs, showing that the fraction of high column density material is significantly larger in star-forming clouds. These observations agree with an evolutionary trend where turbulent motions are the main cloud-shaping mechanism for quiescent clouds, but the density enhancements induced by them quickly become dominated by gravity (and other mechanisms), which is in turn strongly reflected by the shape of the column density PDFs. The dominant role of the turbulence is restricted to the very early stages of molecular cloud evolution, comparable to the onset of active star formation in the clouds.
[Comparison of the predictive value of digital examination (Bishop's score) and ultrasound evaluation for labor induction success].

AIM Cervical ripening is the main factor of success in the induction of labor. The aim of the study was to compare predictive value of digital examination (Bishops score) and ultrasound evaluation for labor induction success. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out in the Fetal Medicine Department of Medical University of Lodz between 2006-2009. 101 pregnant women comprised the study group. RESULTS Comparing the subgroups with successful and unsuccessful labor induction, the main differences were observed in the entire Bishop's score (7.21 versus 5.4 points; p < 0.001). Ultrasound measurements demonstrated significant differences in the cervical diameter (55.5 vs. 51.6 mm; p < 0.01) and internal os (8.64 vs. 3.28 mm; p < 0.001). We noticed a significant correlation between the outcome of the labor induction and the shape of the canal (p < 0.001), as well as the posterior cervical angle (p < 0.001). Ultrasound measurements of the internal os width (p < 0.001; cut-off point: 4.5 mm), the length (p < 0.001; cut-off point: 23.5 mm) and shape of the cervical canal (p < 0.001; Y shape in 36.21%), were significant independent factors in the prediction of labor induction. Following the Bishop's score model, we created a similar score for the ultrasound measurements (total -10 points). The entire score of the ultrasound measurements with the cut-off value: 4.5 points, was found to be a significant factor (p < 0.001) predicting the success of labor induction. CONCLUSION The ultrasound evaluation of the cervix demonstrates significantly better predictive value in the prognosis of labor induction comparing to the Bishop's score.
CD14 Promoter Polymorphisms in Atopic Families: Implications for Modulated Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E and G1 Responses

Background: CD14 promoter DNA sequence polymorphisms for the endotoxin receptor gene have been implicated in modulating allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E responses in randomly selected individuals with atopy. We sought to determine if a single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD14 promoter region is associated with atopy in atopic families, and to assess its influence on serum levels of CD14 and allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 responses. Methods: We screened 367 members of 91 Caucasian nuclear families with a history of asthma for pulmonary function by spirometry, including methacholine challenge to detect bronchial hyperreactivity, and atopy by serum total IgE and skin prick test to 14 allergens. The CD14 promoter single nucleotide polymorphism was analyzed in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to identify C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes. Serum tests were done for soluble CD14 (sCD14) and dust mite-specific antibody (Der p 1-IgG1). Results: Serum sCD14 levels were not associated with clinical phenotypes (asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity or atopy). However, sCD14 levels were inversely related to both allergen-specific IgE and Der p 1-IgG1 production, but only among those with evidence of atopic sensitization. Linear regression analysis, accounting for random family effects, demonstrated a higher production of allergen-specific IgE or Der p 1-IgG1 associated with the T/T genotype and a lower level of specific IgE and IgG1 production associated with sCD14 levels. Conclusions: An element of the innate immune system (CD14) has profound effects upon modulating the acquired allergen-specific immunoglobulin responses among those with an inherited atopic predisposition.
A New Fault-Tolerant Permanent-Magnet Machine for Electric Vehicle Applications

This paper proposes a new fault-tolerant permanent-magnet (PM) brushless machine for four-wheel independently driven electric vehicles (EVs). The key of the proposed machine is to make tooth widths unequal of inner stator, hence, offering more trapezoidal back-EMF waveform. Due to the fact that the radial PMs are embedded in the outer rotor, the proposed machine incorporates the merits of high torque-to-weight ratio, mechanical robustness, and high air-gap flux density. In addition, multiphase and single-layer fractional slot concentrated windings are employed to improve the reliability. The electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed machine are analyzed by using the time-stepping finite-element method (FEM) and field-circuit cosimulation method, such as magnetic field distribution, flux destiny, flux linkage, and torque, verifying the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Controlled Hypotension with Adenosine in Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery

The cardiovascular effects of adenosine-induced controlled hypotension were studied in 10 patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery. Adenosine and its metabolites were measured in arterial plasma using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Whole body and cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content differences (AVDO2), arterial lactate levels, and arteriojugular lactate differences were determined. In order to reduce the dose requirement of adenosine, the patients were pretreated with the adenosine uptake inhibitor, dipyridamole (0.3–0.4 mg · kg-1). During the infusion of adenosine (0.14 ± 0.04 mg · kg-1 · min-1) the mean arterial blood pressure decreased by 43%, from 82 to 46 mmHg, during a mean hypotensive period of 32 min, without signs of tachyphylaxis. The arterial adenosine level increased from 0.15 ± 0.02 to 2.45 ± 0.65 μM (P < 0.01). Hypotension was caused by a profound decrease in peripheral vascular resistance (61 ± 3%, P < 0.01), which was accompanied by an increase in cardiac output (44 ± 9%, P < 0.01). Heart rate increased moderately by 16 ± 5% (P < 0.01). Pulmonary vascular resistance and central venous pressures were unaffected. Arterial lactate and PaO2 were unchanged, while whole body oxygen consumption was decreased by 13 ± 4% (P < 0.05). The AVDO2 across the brain was decreased by 37 ± 5% (P < 0.05) without signs of lactate formation. The authors conclude that adenosine rapidly induces a stable and easily controlled hypotension in humans by dilation of arterial resistance vasculature.
A retrospective radiographic outcome assessment study of intra-bony defects treated by osseous surgery or by bone graft procedures.

BACKGROUND Intra-bony defects remain a significant therapeutic problem in periodontal therapy. Various non-surgical and surgical treatment modalities are being used. The long-term stability following treatment of intra-bony defects is poorly documented. OBJECTIVES To assess changes in intra-bony defects after either osseous surgery or open flap debridement in combination with grafting procedures with demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA). METHOD Pre- and post-surgical computer digitized images of intra-oral radiographs from 60 patients who had received periodontal surgery to manage intrabony defects were analyzed by linear measurements. RESULTS 36 patients were treated with osseous surgery and 24 had received flap procedures and grafting with DFDBA. Post-surgical radiographs were obtained on average after 4.8 years (SD+/-2.8) and after 9.6 years (SD+/-3.6). A minor mean bone fill of 0.0 mm (SD+/-0.8) for osseous surgery sites and 0.5 mm (SD+/-0.9) for DFDBA sites, was noticed, but this gain was within the margin of measurement errors. Osseous surgery and modified Widman flap procedures with DFDBA resulted in crestal resorption, on average 1.7 mm (SD+/-1.5) and 1.5 mm (SD+/-1.5) and remaining mean defect depth of 2.0 mm (SD+/-1.4) and 2.5 mm (SD+/-1.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bone changes following bone graft procedures with DFDBA did not differ from those following osseous surgery, and neither procedure resulted in defect resolution with bone fill. It was also concluded that over the study period, stable treatment results were obtained as a result of both osseous surgery and modified Widman flap procedures with adjunct DFDBA.
CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN A PANTHER CHAMELEON (FURCIFER PARDALIS) AND TREATMENT WITH CARBOPLATIN IMPLANTABLE BEADS

Abstract A 3-yr-old male panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) presented with bilateral raised crusted skin lesions along the lateral body wall that were found to be carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma. Similar lesions later developed on the caudal body wall and tail. A subcutaneous implantable carboplatin bead was placed in the first squamous cell carcinoma lesion identified. Additional new lesions sampled were also found to be squamous cell carcinomas, and viral polymerase chain reaction was negative for papillomaviruses and herpesviruses. Significant skin loss would have resulted from excision of all the lesions, so treatment with only carboplatin beads was used. No adverse effects were observed. Lesions not excised that were treated with beads decreased in size. This is the first description of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and treatment with carboplatin implantable beads in a panther chameleon.
FOR ADAPTIVE VIDEO ON DEMAND CONTENT DELIVERY

We describe the use of perceptual pre-processing to reduce the bitrate needed for delivery of VOD content. The proposed system exploits the viewing conditions of a specific in dividual to remove image oscillations which are not visible by the user under the specific viewing conditions. The preprocessing uses parameters such as: viewing distance, pixe l density, ambient illumination etc. A model of human visual system contrast sensitivity is used to remove oscillations n the image data which cannot be seen and need not be encoded. Experiments demonstrate significant bitrate savings compa re to conventional encoding methods which do not exploit individual specifics.
Are Chinese consumers ready to adopt mobile smart home? An empirical analysis

This research aims to investigate the determinants of Chinese mobile smart home adoption. This research extends technology acceptance model (TAM) by including additional variables such as social influence, perceived secure home environment, perceived technology security risk, perceived cost and compatibility. Data was collected from 310 Chinese respondents. The mobile smart home adoption model was tested using structural equation modelling. Our results showed that perceived usefulness, social influence and compatibility influence Chinese consumers' decision to adopt mobile smart home. Social influence, perceived ease of use, and perceived secure home environment were found to have a direct and positive relationship with the perceived usefulness. This research showed that extending traditional TAM can provide better understanding for mobile smart home adoption. The results from this study will be useful for Chinese government as well as mobile smart home developers to formulate appropriate development and business strategies.
Local toxicity of antracycline extravasation

A woman diagnosed with breast cancer was previously treated with surgery and chemotherapy before being referred to us for radiotherapy. During planning radiotherapy, an incidental observation was made of a conspicuous discolouration over the dorsal aspect of the left hand (figure 1). On requesting further information, the patient recalled having experienced an incident where “a red coloured drug had leaked out of the vein during chemotherapy. ” Figure 1 Discolouration owing to local tissue necrosis over the dorsal aspect of the left hand and forearm …
Response of terrestrial ecosystems to recent Northern Hemispheric drought

Satellite normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) observations reveal large and geographically extensive decreases in vegetation activity in Eurasia and North America between 1999 and 2002. In 2001, 73% of central southwest Asia exhibited NDVI anomalies that were more than one standard deviation below 21‐year average conditions, and in 2002, fully 95% of North America exhibited below‐average NDVI. This episode of large‐scale vegetation browning coincided with a prolonged period of below‐normal precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere, which limited moisture availability for plant growth. Spatio‐temporal dynamics of NDVI, precipitation, and sea surface temperature data reveal that synchronous patterns of ocean circulation anomalies in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indo‐Pacific are strongly correlated with observed joint variability in NDVI and precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere during this period.
Visual association encoding activates the medial temporal lobe: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

The involvement of structures in the medial temporal lobe during the encoding of visual associations was studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging. In 11 out of 12 normal healthy volunteers this task resulted in activation in posterior portions of the parahippocampal region, close to the collateral sulcus. In seven subjects activation was encountered in the hippocampal formation. The visual association task as adapted for this study may provide a sensitive measure to study anterograde amnesia prevalent in Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the present paradigm enables the study of individual changes in learning and memory capacities over time. Hippocampus 1997;7:594–601. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: Frequency and predictive factors

We investigated whether spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis is a recurrent process and attempted to identify possible predictors of recurrence in 75 consecutive cirrhotics who had recovered from a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis between January, 1981 and December, 1984 and who were followed closely throughout their illness (follow‐up period 10 ± 13 months; mean ± S.D.). Thirty‐eight patients (51%) developed one or more episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis during follow‐up, the probability of recurrence (Kaplan‐Meier's method) being 43% at 6 months, 69% at 1 year and 74% at 2 years. Twenty‐three variables (age, sex, etiology of cirrhosis, standard liver and renal function tests and characteristics of the first spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) were analyzed as possible predictors of recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In univariate analysis (curves of Kaplan‐Meier compared with Mantel‐Cox's method), serum bilirubin >4 mg per dl, prothrombin ⩽45% and protein concentration in ascitic fluid ⩽1 gm per dl were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a high risk or recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In multivariate analysis (Cox multiple regression model), only ascitic fluid protein concentration (p = 0.005) and prothrombin activity (p = 0.009) were found to be independent predictors of recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Fifty‐nine patients (79%) died during follow‐up, 18 of them (31%) secondary to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The 1‐year survival probability in the whole series of patients was 38%. We conclude that spontaneous bacterial peritonitis frequently recurs in cirrhosis, particularly in patients with severe liver failure or low protein concentration in ascitic fluid, and that the survival of cirrhotics who recover from a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is very short, the cause of death being the recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in many cases.
Blood volume and other hematologic values in young elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris).

Abstract : The purpose of this investigation was to determine the blood volume in the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) by a method that could be accurate to 2 percent. The blood volumes of 7 young northern elephant seals were analyzed using a dilution of radioactive iodinated human serum albumin. Microhematocrit values also were determined. Using these techniques, a mean blood volume of 216 ml/kg and a mean packed cell volume of 64% were determined for these deep diving mammals.
Distribution and characterization of anionic sites in the basal lamina of developing human amniotic epithelium

We have studied the distribution of anionic sites in the basal lamina of developing human amniotic epithelium by using the cationic stain ruthenium red. Amnions at 7–12 weeks of gestation and at term contained ruthenium redpositive granules in a quasi‐regular array on both the cellular and interstitial sides of the lamina densa. In order to characterize the anionic sites, small pieces of amnion were incubated in the presence or absence of either chondroitinase ABC, neuraminidase, Streptomyces hyaluronidase, or heparitinase in appropriate buffer systems. Incubation in the presence of heparitinase resulted in the complete disappearance of the basal lamina‐associated granules, but other enzymes tested had no demonstrable effect on these granules. We conclude that the anionic sites associated with amnion basal lamina, and demonstrable with ruthenium red, consist of glycosaminoglycans rich in heparan sulfate, probably present as heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Because amniotic fluid has a low protein content and amniotic epithelium (at least at term) lacks tight junctions, we postulate that the heparan sulfate proteoglycan associated with the amnion basal lamina may have an important function as a permeability barrier to anionic macromolecules.