Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural and Dynamic Features of Alzheimer's Aβ Peptide in Amyloid Fibrils Studied by Site-directed Spin Labeling*

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of 19 spin-labeled derivatives of the Alzheimer's amyloid β (Aβ) peptide was used to reveal structural features of amyloid fibril formation. In the fibril, extensive regions of the peptide show an in-register, parallel arrangement. Based on the parallel arrangement and side chain mobility analysis we find the amyloid structure to be mostly ordered and specific, but we also identify more dynamic regions (N and C termini) and likely turn or bend regions (around residues 23–26). Despite their different aggregation properties and roles in disease, the two peptides, Aβ40 and Aβ42, homogeneously co-mix in amyloid fibrils suggesting that they possess the same structural architecture.
Pregnancy Ethnic Differences in Blood Pressure and Hypertensive Complications During Pregnancy The Generation R Study

The aim was to investigate ethnic differences in blood pressure levels in each trimester of pregnancy and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders and the degree to which such differences can be explained by education and lifestyle-related factors. The study included 6215 women participating in a population-based prospective cohort study from early pregnancy onward in Rotterdam. Ethnicity was assessed at enrollment. Blood pressure was measured in each trimester. Information about gestational hypertensive disorders was available from medical charts. Lifestyle factors included smoking, alcohol, caffeine intake, folic acid supplementation, sodium and energy intake, body mass index, and maternal stress. Associations and explanatory pathways were investigated using linear and logistic regression analysis. Dutch pregnant women had higher systolic blood pressure levels as compared with women in other ethnic groups in each trimester of pregnancy. Compared with Dutch women, Turkish and Moroccan women had lower diastolic blood pressure levels in each trimester. These differences remained after adjusting for education and lifestyle factors. Turkish and Moroccan women had a lower risk of gestational hypertension as compared with Dutch women (odds ratio, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.18–0.58] and odds ratio, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.14–0.58]), and Cape Verdean women had an elevated risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.22–4.07]). Differences could not be explained by education or lifestyle. Substantial ethnic differences were observed in blood pressure levels and risk of gestational hypertensive disorders in each trimester of pregnancy, and a wide range of variables could not explain these differences. (Hypertension. 2012;60:198-205.) ● Online Data Supplement
Emergence of antiretroviral resistance in HIV-positive women receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy

Background:Antenatal antiretroviral therapy is integral to preventing vertical transmission of HIV-1. The impact of temporary triple antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy on the emergence of antiretroviral resistance has not been studied. Objective:To determine the impact of temporary triple antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy on emergence of antiretroviral resistance. Methods:Pregnant HIV-1 infected women with a pre-treatment CD4 cell count >300 × 106/l initiated triple antiretroviral therapy in the third trimester and discontinued postpartum. Genotypic resistance testing was performed after antiretroviral cessation and on pretreatment samples when postpartum samples showed primary mutations. Results:In a cohort of 50 women who initiated antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy, 39 (78%) had postpartum HIV-1 nucleotide sequences available for analysis: 35 of these (90%) were previously antiretroviral naive. Seven primary mutations, V106A (one), Y181C (two), G190A (one), K101E (one), M184V (one), T215S (one) were detected in five (13%) women. All five were on regimens that included nevirapine and all were antiretroviral therapy naive prior to the index pregnancy. Four had no mutations detected pretreatment (one did not have a pretreatment analysis available; viral load 83 copies/ml). The median duration of antiretroviral exposure was 70 days. Conclusion:Emergence of genotypic resistance is significant in this cohort of pregnant women. All mutations detected were in those that took nevirapine-containing regimens. The clinical implications of these mutations are unknown.
Autologous Umbilical Cord Blood Transfusion in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes Fails to Preserve C-Peptide

OBJECTIVE We conducted an open-label, phase I study using autologous umbilical cord blood (UCB) infusion to ameliorate type 1 diabetes (T1D). Having previously reported on the first 15 patients reaching 1 year of follow-up, herein we report on the complete cohort after 2 years of follow-up. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 24 T1D patients (median age 5.1 years) received a single intravenous infusion of autologous UCB cells and underwent metabolic and immunologic assessments. RESULTS No infusion-related adverse events were observed. β-Cell function declined after UCB infusion. Area under the curve C-peptide was 24.3% of baseline 1 year postinfusion (P < 0.001) and 2% of baseline 2 years after infusion (P < 0.001). Flow cytometry revealed increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) (P = 0.04) and naive Tregs (P = 0.001) 6 and 9 months after infusion, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Autologous UCB infusion in children with T1D is safe and induces changes in Treg frequency but fails to preserve C-peptide.
Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in cats following contact with infected dogs

translocations usually do not result in phenotypical changes unless they are associated with a loss of genetic material (Rieck 1984). Another possibility is that duplication of the urethra is attributable to a recessive gene with weak penetrance, as in duplication of the cervix in cattle (Fincher and Williams 1926, Bonfert and Mai 1958, Sittman and others 1961). This heifer was inbred and could have inherited a recessive gene, which in the homozygous state may have been responsible for duplication ofthe urethra. On the other hand, traits with weak penetrance can also be attributable to chromosomal translocation. In this case, the various diagnostic techniques that were used all supported the same diagnosis. Other researchers have limited their diagnostic approaches in animals to cysturethrography (Tobias and Barbee 1995), antegrade cystography and retrograde urethrography (Lopez and others 1998) or postmortem examination (Otiang'-Owiti and others 1997). In women, magnetic resonance with phased array pelvic and endorectal coils (high-resolution magnetic resonance) is the best method for visualising urethral abnormalities (Siegelman and others 1997). The abnormalities in the cranial vagina were the same as those described by Kennedy and Miller (1993). Incomplete fusion of the caudal portions of the Mullerian duct can result in duplication of the cervix and division of the cranial vagina by a dorsoventral septum. The fibrous band in the region of the hymenal ring is a common defect and its also attributable to incomplete fusion of the Mullerian duct.
Obstructive Pulmonary Function Defects Among Taiwanese Firebrick Workers in a 2-Year Follow-Up Study

The purpose of the study was to follow up an earlier observation of pulmonary function among workers employed in firebrick-manufacturing factories. A 2-year follow-up study of pulmonary function among 442 workers in 30 firebrick-manufacturing factories was designed. Excluding 79 workers with a history of other occupational dust exposure, changes in pulmonary function of 291 firebrick workers were compared with pulmonary function in 72 control subjects over a period of 2 years. Baseline pulmonary function values (ie, forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]/forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory flow after 50% of vital capacity has been expelled [FEF50%] in smoking firebrick workers, and FEV1/FVC and FEF75% in nonsmoking firebrick workers) were significantly lower than those in the comparison group. The statistical method for repeated measurements was used for comparison of the difference between follow-up and baseline lung function. There was no significant difference in FVC and FEV1 changes between firebrick workers and those in the comparison group during the 2-year follow-up period. The decreases in FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate, maximal midexpiratory flow, and FEF50% in the firebrick workers were significantly greater than in the comparison group, after adjustment for smoking status. The FEV1, maximal midexpiratory flow, FEF50%, and FEF75% also showed a dose-response relationship with job titles. The decrement of pulmonary function in the 2-year follow-up period was the worst in burning work, followed by crushing and molding. The results show that workers in firebrick-manufacturing factories with exposure to silica-containing dusts may contract obstructive pulmonary function defects.
Acute treatment of migraine with the selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist lasmiditan – A randomised proof-of-concept trial

Introduction: Lasmiditan (COL-144; LY573144) is a novel, highly selective and potent agonist at 5-HT1F receptors that lacks vasoconstrictor activity. Preclinical and early clinical experiments predict acute antimigraine efficacy of COL-144 that is mediated through a non-vascular, primarily neural, mechanism. Subjects and methods: In a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, group-sequential, adaptive treatment-assignment, proof-of-concept and dose-finding study, we treated 130 subjects in-hospital during a migraine attack. Subjects were allocated to an intravenous dose level of lasmiditan or placebo in small cohorts. The starting dose was 2.5 mg. Subsequent doses were adjusted, up or down, according to the safety and efficacy seen in the preceding cohort. The primary outcome measure was headache response defined as improvement from moderate or severe headache at baseline to mild or no headache at 2 h post-dose. The study was designed to explore the overall dose response relationship but was not powered to differentiate individual doses from placebo, nor to detect effect differences for other migraine symptoms. Results: Forty-two subjects received placebo and 88 received lasmiditan in doses of 2.5–45 mg. Subjects were observed in the clinic for 4 h after treatment and used a diary card to record symptoms and adverse events for up to 24 h. The study was terminated when the 20 mg dose met predefined efficacy stopping rules. Of subjects treated in the 10, 20, 30 and 45 mg lasmiditan dose groups, 54–75% showed a 2 h headache response, compared to 45% in the placebo group (P = 0.0126 for the linear association between response rates and dose levels). Patient global impression at 2 h and lack of need for rescue medication also showed statistically significant linear correlations with dose. Lasmiditan was generally well tolerated. Adverse events were reported by 65% of subjects on lasmiditan and by 43% on placebo and were generally mild. Dizziness, paresthesia and sensations of heaviness (usually limb) were more common on lasmiditan. Conclusions: At intravenous doses of 20 mg and higher, lasmiditan proved effective in the acute treatment of migraine. Further studies to assess the optimal oral dose and full efficacy and tolerability profile are under way. The non-vascular, neural mechanism of action of lasmiditan may offer an alternative means to treat migraine especially in patients who have contra-indications for agents with vasoconstrictor activity. The clinicaltrials.gov identifier for this study is NCT00384774.
Simvastatin pre-treatment improves survival and mitochondrial function in a 3-day fluid-resuscitated rat model of sepsis.

Statins may offer protective effects in sepsis through anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial protection and other actions. We thus evaluated the effects of simvastatin on survival, organ and mitochondrial function, tissue and plasma ubiquinone levels and liver transcriptomics in a 3-day rat model of sepsis. Comparisons of rat plasma simvastatin and ubiquinone levels were made against levels sampled in blood from patients with acute lung injury (ALI) enrolled into a trial of statin therapy. Animals received simvastatin by gavage either pre- or post-induction of faecal peritonitis. Control septic animals received vehicle alone. Seventy-two-hour survival was significantly greater in statin pre-treated animals (43.7%) compared with their statin post-treated (12.5%) and control septic (25%) counterparts (P<0.05). Sepsis-induced biochemical derangements in liver and kidney improved with statin therapy, particularly when given pre-insult. Both simvastatin pre- and post-treatment prevented the fall in mitochondrial oxygen consumption in muscle fibres taken from septic animals at 24 h. This beneficial effect was paralleled by recovery of genes related to fatty acid metabolism. Simvastatin pre-treatment resulted in a significant decrease in myocardial ubiquinone. Patients with ALI had a marked variation in plasma simvastatin acid levels; however, their ubiquinone/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ratio did not differ regardless of whether they were receiving statin or placebo. In summary, despite protective effects seen with statin treatment given both pre- and post-insult, survival benefit was only seen with pre-treatment, reflecting experiences in patient studies.
Incidence of Humeral Head of Biceps Brachii Muscle: Anatomical Insight

El musculo biceps braquial se conoce como uno de los musculos que muestra las variaciones anatomicas mas frecuentes. Su anomalia mas comun es la presencia de un fasciculo accesorio proveniente del humero, que se denomina cabeza humeral del musculo biceps braquial. La evidencia muestra una clara tendencia racial en la incidencia de la cabeza humeral del musculo biceps braquial. El conocimiento acabado de esta variacion, en las diferentes poblaciones, es importante para las intervenciones quirurgicas del brazo, en los sindromes de compresion nerviosa y en los sindromes de dolor inexplicable en la region del brazo o del hombro. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la incidencia y las caracteristicas morfologicas de este musculo en una poblacion adulta de Sri Lanka. Fueron estudiados los miembros superiores en 135 cadaveres, disecados para evaluar la presencia de las cabezas del musculo biceps braquial accesorio. Fueron registrados el origen e insercion de la cabeza humeral del musculo biceps braquial, asi como su dimension craneo-caudal, anteroposterior y mediolateral. La incidencia de la cabeza humeral del musculo biceps braquial se encontro en el 3,7% de los miembros estudiados. En todos los casos, su presencia era unilateral y solo presente en hombres. La cabeza humeral se origino en la region antero-medial de la diafisis del humero, descendio y se fusiono con las otras dos cabezas para formar un tendon comun. Los resultados de este estudio resaltan aun mas las variaciones raciales en la incidencia de la cabeza humeral del musculo biceps braquial, entre los habitantes de Sri Lanka. El conocimiento de la presencia de la cabeza humeral del musculo biceps braquial puede facilitar el diagnostico preoperatorio, asi como los procedimientos quirurgicos del miembro superior, evitando las lesiones iatrogenicas.
Improving the social behavior and peer acceptance of rejected boys: effects of social skill training with instructions and prohibitions.

Thirty-two boys who were rejected by their peers in Grades 1-3 were identified on the basis of negative sociometric nominations and negative social behavior. They were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: (a) instructions to promote positive social behavior, (b) prohibitions to reduce negative social behavior, (c) a combination of instructions and prohibitions, or (d) no treatment. Interventions were applied during 10 half-hour school play sessions. Behavioral observations and peer and teacher ratings were collected prior to treatment, immediately after treatment, and at a follow-up assessment 6 weeks after treatment. Additional peer and teacher ratings were collected at a I-year follow-up. Prohibitions combined with a response cost for negative behaviors resulted in immediate and stable declines in negative behavior and led to temporary increases in positive responses received from peers. Instructions and the reinforcement of specific social skills promoted sustained positive peer interactions 6 weeks after treatment. Only the combination of instructions and prohibitions led to improved sociometric ratings from nontarget treatment partners.
The socio-economic determinants of obesity in adults in the Bahamas.

OBJECTIVE To determine the socio-economic determinants of obesity in adults in The Bahamas. DESIGN AND METHODS A subpopulation of adults 21 to 60 years was analysed for socio-economic differences in obesity levels. Data from the 2001 Bahamas Living Conditions Survey, a nationwide comprehensive household survey which included anthropometric measurements, were used. Bivariate and binary logistic regression methods for complex samples were employed. FINDINGS Overall obesity prevalence was 32% (38% female, 25% male, p = < 0.0001). An inverse relationship by education appeared to be the strongest predictor for all persons (OR = 0.78, CI 0.67, 0.90; p < 0.0001). This relationship was also evident for females (OR = 0.71, CI 0.59, 0.85; p < 0.0001) while a positive relationship existed by economic level for males (OR = 1.23, CI 1.07, 1.41; p = 0.005). There was a difference in food group expenditure for starchy vegetables only (p = 0.049). Other food group household expenditure, urban residence and female headed households showed no significant differences by obesity. CONCLUSIONS In line with international trends, obesity rates are high in The Bahamas, and especially affect females of lower socio-economic status. Public policy that targets this group is necessary to address this health concern.
Severe chronic periodontitis is associated with endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND Periodontitis is an inflammatory chronic disease that has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelium has a central role in CVD pathogenesis, and chronic inflammation can make it dysfunctional, contributing to CVD emergence. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the existence of an association between severe chronic periodontitis (CP) and nailfold microvascular, gingival microvascular, and endothelial functions. METHODS Twenty-three patients were included, 13 with severe periodontitis (median age, 46 years; interquartile range, 9.5 years) and 10 healthy control patients (median age, 35.5 years; interquartile range, 12.5 years). Clinical and laboratorial variables were gathered, and patients were examined by the following: 1) nailfold videocapillaroscopy to assess functional capillary density (FCD), capillary diameters, red blood cell velocity at rest (RBCV) and after 1-minute arterial occlusion (RBCVmax), and time taken to reach RBCVmax (TRBCVmax); 2) side-stream dark-field imaging to determine gingival capillary density (GCD); and 3) venous occlusion plethysmography to assess endothelium-dependent (% Hyper) and endothelium-independent vasodilatation (% Nitro). RESULTS Patients with CP have smaller values for FCD, RBCV, RBCVmax, and % Hyper and higher values for TRBCVmax and GCD compared with controls (P <0.05). There were significant correlations between periodontal parameters with FCD, RBCV, RBCVmax, TRBCVmax, GCD, and % Hyper. There was also a negative correlation between FCD and GCD (r = -0.7; P <0.01). Associations between periodontitis and FCD, RBCVmax, TRBCVmax, GCD, and % Hyper remained significant after adjustments for age and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION Severe CP was directly associated with endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions.
Factors influencing disease-induced mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas

Mortalities of oyster Crassostrea gigas seed associated with ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 μVar have been observed in many oyster-producing countries since 2008. The present study, comprised of 4 complementary experiments, aimed to identify factors associated with dis- ease-induced oyster mortality in order to propose mitigation strategies. Our first experiment com- pared survival of oysters from natural spatfall with others sampled from nurseries, after thermal elevation in the laboratory from <14 to 21°C. A total of 60% of the tested wild seed batches (n = 51) were infected by OsHV-1, exhibited mortality and were able to transmit the disease to cohab- ited naive oysters. Comparatively, only 1 out of the 32 tested batches sampled from nurseries pre- sented similar characteristics. In a second experiment, we studied the effects that timing and dura- tion of exposure to field conditions had on risk of infection and mortality in the laboratory at 21°C. Naive oysters deployed in the field during winter and spring, when seawater temperatures were <14.7°C, showed no mortality in the laboratory, and OsHV-1 DNA was not detected by PCR. How- ever, in oysters transferred to the field, OsHV-1 was observed when seawater temperature reached ~15.3°C. Our third experiment showed that the odds of mortality decreased with age of oysters when facing the disease. Further, we observed that odds of disease mortality decreased with water renewal and increased with the biomass of neighbouring infected oysters under con- trolled conditions. Based on these findings, we propose mitigation strategies in terms of the regu- lation of oyster movements between sites, timing of seeding and spatial planning, taking into account seawater temperature and seed origin.
Causal Attributions of Depression: Reliability of the “Causal Dimension Scale” in Research on Clinical Inference

This article presents estimates of internal consistency for the Causal Dimension Scale, recently developed to measure causal attributions in terms of attributions of locus, stability, and controllability of the causes. In a study of the clinical inference of depression, alpha coefficients ranging from . 68 to . 96 were noted for the whole test and the subscales. The scale may prove helpful in the study of causal attributions about the mental health of others.
Cyberbullying Detection: A Survey on Multilingual Techniques

Cyberbullying is the new form of bullying; executed by electronic media and Internet. Cyberbullying is affecting a lot of children around the world including Arab countries. Awareness for cyberbullying is arising and research is taking place in the fields of cyberbullying detection and mitigation and not just the psychological effects of cyberbullying on the victim. Researches on cyberbullying detection have been done in many languages but none has been done on Arabic language cyberbullying detection until the time of writing this paper. Many techniques are utilized in the area of cyberbullying detection, mainly Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). This paper presents a brief background on cyberbullying and all technologies incorporated under this field; in addition to an extensive survey regarding the techniques and advancements in multilingual cyberbullying detection; and finally proposes a plan of a solution for the problem of Arabic cyberbullying.