Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The chronology and tectonic style of landscape evolution along the elevated Atlantic continental margin of South Africa resolved by joint apatite fission track and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He thermochronology

Atlantic‐type continental margins have long been considered “passive” tectonic settings throughout the entire postrift phase. Recent studies question the long‐term stability of these margins and have shown that postrift uplift and reactivation of preexisting structures may be a common feature of a continental margin's evolution. The Namaqualand sector of the western continental margin of South Africa is characterized by a ubiquitously faulted basement but lacks preservation of younger geological strata to constrain postrift tectonic fault activity. Here we present the first systematic study using joint apatite fission track and apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He thermochronology to achieve a better understanding on the chronology and tectonic style of landscape evolution across this region. Apatite fission track ages range from 58.3 ± 2.6 to 132.2 ± 3.6 Ma, with mean track lengths between 10.9 ± 0.19 and 14.35 ± 0.22 µm, and mean (U‐Th‐Sm)/He sample ages range from 55.8 ± 31.3 to 120.6 ± 31.4 Ma. Joint inverse modeling of these data reveals two distinct episodes of cooling at approximately 150–130 Ma and 110–90 Ma with limited cooling during the Cenozoic. Estimates of denudation based on these thermal histories predict approximately 1–3 km of denudation coinciding with two major tectonic events. The first event, during the Early Cretaceous, was driven by continental rifting and the development and removal of synrift topography. The second event, during the Late Cretaceous, includes localized reactivation of basement structures as well as regional mantle‐driven uplift. Relative tectonic stability prevailed during the Cenozoic, and regional denudation over this time is constrained to be less than 1 km.
Proteomic determination of widespread detergent insolubility, including Aβ but not tau, early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

Biochemical characterization of the major detergent‐insoluble proteins that comprise hallmark histopathologic lesions initiated the molecular era of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Here, we reinvestigated detergent‐insoluble proteins in AD using modern proteomic techniques. Using liquid chromatography (LC)‐mass spectrometry (MS)‐MS‐based proteomics, we robustly identified 125 proteins in the detergent‐insoluble fraction of late‐onset AD (LOAD) temporal cortex that included several proteins critical to Aβ production, components of synaptic scaffolding, and products of genes linked to an increased risk of LOAD; we verified 15 of 15 of these proteins by Western blot. Following multiple analyses, we estimated that these represent ∼80% of detergent‐insoluble proteins in LOAD detectable by our method. Aβ, tau, and 7 of 8 other newly identified detergent‐insoluble proteins were disproportionately increased in temporal cortex from patients with LOAD and AD derived from mutations in PSEN1 and PSEN2; all of these except tau were elevated in individuals with prodromal dementia, while none except Aβ were elevated in aged APPswe mice. These results are consistent with the amyloid hypothesis of AD and extend it to include widespread protein insolubility, not exclusively Aβ insolubility, early in AD pathogenesis even before the onset of clinical dementia.
Serum interleukin 1 beta in sedentary healthy obese and non- obese men

Obesity is associated with lowgrade systemic inflammation and plays a key role in the pathogenic mechanism of chronic diseases. This study was aimed to compare serum IL�1s between obese and nonobese men. For thi purpose, fasting blood samples were obtained of fifteen sedentary obese and fifteen nonobese men matc hed to age and height (34 - 44 years, 170 - 180 cm) in order to measuring serum IL�1s and compare between two groups. Data of independent T test showed that serum IL�1s was significant higher in obese when compar ed to nonobese group (2.42 ± 0.87 obese vs 1.76 ± 0.64 npg/ml, p = 0.026). There was no significa nt correlation between IL�1s and body mass index in ob ese subjects (p = 0.75, r = 0.09). Based on these data, we can say obesity has an inflammation property in even in healthy subjects and increased serum IL�1s may be due to disturbance of other cytokines in this population.
SINGLET OXYGEN GENERATION BY HEMATOPORPHYRIN IX, UROPORPHYRIN I and HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE AT 546 nm IN PHOSPHATE BUFFER and IN THE PRESENCE OF EGG PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE LIPOSOMES

Abstract— The quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation (φ) was measured at 546 nm with the p‐nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO) method. The results obtained in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (PB) were: φ(HP) = 0.44 ± 0.05: φ= 0.71 ± 0.07: φ(HpD‐A) = 0.06 ± 0.02. The value of φ was constant from 3 to 67 μM, attributed to the dominance of HP dimers; φ (HP) increased to 0.77 ± 0.13 in the presence of small egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes (SUV), attributed to solubilization and monomerization: φ (HpD‐A) increased to 0.87 ± 0.17 in the presence of SUV. attributed to monomerization of the impurity porphyrins and unfolding of the covalent dimer constituents. The quantum efficiency of the RNO system (100 μM RNO plus 10 mM histidine) was approximately 0.015 at pH 7.4 and increased significantly at lower pH.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Ten-Year Analysis

Objective This study represents the first 10 year analysis of the efficacy and toxicity of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of early low-risk prostate cancer. Materials and methods Two hundred and thirty males were treated with Cyberknife SBRT to a dose of 35 Gray (Gy) or 36.25 Gy in five consecutive days. All patients had a Gleason score of six and a PSA < 10ng/ml. Median follow-up is nine years. The median age was 69.5 years and median prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 5.6ng/ml. The treatment was delivered with homogeneous planning with a dose prescription of 82-87% of the maximum dose to cover the planning target volume (PTV). Results Ten-year biochemical disease free survival was 93% with either dose. Local control was 98.4%. Median prostate specific antigen (PSA) dropped to 0.1 by five years and has remained there. Toxicity was mild with 10% of patients having Grade two-three late urinary toxicity and 4% having the late grade two rectal toxicity. Mean Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) Quality of Life (QOL) scores declined initially for bowel and urinary domains, but recovered to baseline, where they remain. EPIC sexual scores have declined by 40%. Discussion/Conclusions Stereotactic body radiotherapy to a dose of 35 Gy-36.25 Gy is an effective treatment for early low-risk prostate cancer, with acceptably low toxicity. There appears to be no benefit to increasing the dose beyond 35 Gy. Ten-year biochemical disease free survival appears to be higher than with standard intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
Surface vibrational modes of the topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 observed by Raman spectroscopy

We present a polarization resolved Raman scattering study of surface vibration modes in the topological insulator ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ single crystal and thick films. Besides the four Raman active bulk phonons, we observed four additional modes with much weaker intensity and slightly lower energy than the bulk counterparts. Using symmetry analysis, we assigned these additional modes to out-of-plane surface phonons. Comparing with first-principle calculations, we conclude that the appearance of these modes is due to $c$-axis lattice distortion and van der Waals gap expansion near the crystal surface. Two of the surface modes at 60 and 173 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are associated with Raman active ${A}_{1g}$ bulk phonon modes, the other two at 136 and 158 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are associated with infrared active bulk phonons with ${A}_{2u}$ symmetry. The latter become Raman allowed due to reduction of crystalline symmetry from ${D}_{3d}$ in the bulk to ${C}_{3v}$ on the crystal surface. In particular, the 158 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ surface phonon mode shows a Fano line shape under resonant excitation, suggesting interference in the presence of electron-phonon coupling of the surface excitations.
Both continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and a multiple daily insulin injection regimen with glargine as basal insulin are equally better than traditional multiple daily insulin injection treatment.

Diabetes Control and Complications Trial results showed that strict metabolic control may substantially reduce the risk of long-term microvascular complications (1). Over the study period, which averaged 7 years, the mean HbA1c level in the intensive group treatment was 7.2%. Current guidelines of treatment for type 1 diabetes propose a goal of HbA1c <7% (2). Nevertheless, in usual clinical practice, an acceptable metabolic control is achieved in a too low proportion of patients, even under multiple daily insulin injections (MDIs) (3). A recent meta-analysis of randomized trials concluded that continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) permits a small improvement in blood glucose control with respect to MDIs (4). Glargine insulin is a human insulin analog that might mimic the effects of CSII at single basal infusion rate. Preliminary studies indicate that glargine may reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia and fasting blood glucose compared with NPH (5). Whether an MDI treatment with glargine as long-acting insulin may offer similar results to those obtained with CSII is still unknown (6). For this purpose, …
Logistic regression methods for retrospective case-control studies using complex sampling procedures.

There are a number of possible designs for case-control studies. The simplest uses two separate simple random samples, but an actual study may use more complex sampling procedures. Typically, stratification is used to control for the effects of one or more risk factors in which we are interested. It has been shown (Anderson, 1972, Biometrika 59, 19-35; Prentice and Pyke, 1979, Biometrika 66, 403-411) that the unconditional logistic regression estimators apply under stratified sampling, so long as the logistic model includes a term for each stratum. We consider the case-control problem with stratified samples and assume a logistic model that does not include terms for strata, i.e., for fixed covariates the (prospective) probability of disease does not depend on stratum. We assume knowledge of the proportion sampled in each stratum as well as the total number in the stratum. We use this knowledge to obtain the maximum likelihood estimators for all parameters in the logistic model including those for variables completely associated with strata. The approach may also be applied to obtain estimators under probability sampling.
Oxidative Stress Parameters on Embryo's Culture Media Effectiveness of Embryo Quality and Ultimately of Predict Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome

Oxidative stress during embryonic, fetal and placental development may affect outcome of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oxidative status of the culture media before transfer may predict the embryo quality. This study was carried out on 75 infertile women aged between 22-45 years (31.43 ± 5.38 years), referred to the fertility clinic in Al-Sadder teaching hospital and undergone intracytoplasmic sperm injection throughout period from March 2013 to January 2014. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase enzyme (CAT) in culture media was measured by spectrophotometer. The results of this study showed that the pregnancy rate was 20%. For embryos transferred after 48-72 hours, MDA level in culture media had a significant positive correlation with grad IV embryo at p 0.05. GSH level in culture media had a significant positive correlation with the cleavage rate at p 0.05. CAT level in culture media was significantly higher in pregnant women when compared with non-pregnant women at P<0.05 and had a significant positive correlation with the grade II embryo at p<0.05 respectively. The best cut off point of CAT associated with pregnancy was 0.67 U/min.
The Role of the Teacher in Identifying Learning Disabilities

The purpose of the study was to examine whether the Greek translation of the Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (LDES) can be used in the identification of learning disabilities. The LDES was completed by 165 teachers for one of their students, aged 5 to 14 years. The LDES was significantly correlated to students’ grades in Math and Greek Language and to the Reading Ability Test. Scores on LDES from the above randomly selected sample were significantly different from scores on LDES for another sample of 47 students, who were manifesting learning disabilities, indicating that the LDES can distinguish between the two samples. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the LDES maintains the original factor structure and the reliability values supported its internal consistency. Results and limitations are discussed.
Nasal mucociliary function in different diseases of the nose

Two techniques, using saccharin sky-blue powder and barium sulfate particles, were used to study the nasal mucociliary clearance in 40 normal subjects and 200 patients with different nasal diseases. The transport time was measured in each test subject and a highly significant difference was observed between healthy persons and the study group (p less than 0.001). The saccharin sky-blue test serves as a valuable screening test.
Laser etching of teeth for orthodontic bracket placement: A preliminary clinical study

Current interest in the use of layers in clinical dentistry has suggested that this technique may be applicable to enamel etching in orthodontics. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to etch the enamel surfaces of teeth in vivo prior to the bonding of orthodontic brackets with composite resin. Overall laser bonding took considerably longer, was less reliable in terms of bond strength, and produced more discomfort than conventional acid etching. The use of the ND:YAG laser for etching teeth prior to bonding orthodontic brackets is not recommended. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lentiviral‐mediated gene transfer of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor is neuroprotective in a mouse model of neonatal excitotoxic challenge

Excitotoxicity may be a critical factor in the formation of brain lesions associated with cerebral palsy. When injected into the murine neopallium at postnatal day 5, the glutamatergic analog N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) produces transcortical neuronal death and periventricular white matter cysts, which mimic brain damage observed in human term and preterm neonates at risk for developing cerebral palsy. We previously showed that intracerebral injection of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was neuroprotective in this model. Because BDNF does not easily cross the blood–brain barrier, alternative strategies to avoid repeated intracerebral injections of BDNF should be tested, particularly when the goal of such translational research is ultimately to achieve clinical application. The goal of the present study was to assess the protective role of lentiviral‐mediated gene transfer of BDNF against excitotoxic lesions induced by NMDA in newborn mice. We first assessed the biological activity of BDNF gene transfer in vitro and determined the efficiency of gene transfer in our in vivo model. We next administered the BDNF‐expressing vector by intracerebral injection in neonatal mice, 3 days before inducing NMDA lesions. When compared with a control green fluorescent protein‐expressing lentiviral vector, administration of BDNF‐expressing vector induced a significant protection of the periventricular white matter and cortical plate against the NMDA‐mediated insult. Intraventricular delivery of the BDNF‐expressing lentiviral vector was more efficient in terms of neuroprotection than the intraparenchymal route. Altogether, the present study shows that viral‐mediated gene transfer of BDNF to newborn mouse brain is feasible and affords significant neuroprotection against an excitotoxic insult. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
COVALENT STRUCTURE OF FIBRINOGEN

It is well established that the fibrinogen molecule is made up of two identical halves, each containing three different peptide chains. The overall structure may therefore be described as (Aa, Bp, y ) 2. On thrombin-digestion the fibrinopeptides A and B are released and fibrin, with the structure (a, p, yl2, is formed. The complete primary structure of human fibrinogen is known.l-16 The sequence information may be used to study relationships between structure, function and evolution. In genetically determined abnormal fibrinogens the correlation between the structural error and the dysfunction of the molecule may reveal the functional importance of single amino acid residues.
The relation between SAR and the electromagnetic field distribution for heterogeneous exposure conditions

In the frame of this part of the EUREKA project BASEXPO the relation between the specific absorption rate and the electric field strength is investigated for real life exposure conditions arising next to common RF sources, e.g. mobile communication base stations. The first results show that the deviation of the whole body specific absorption rate for heterogeneous exposure conditions from the plane wave conditions is in most cases below 50%.
A MAXIMUM ENTROPY PRINCIPLE BASED CLOSURE METHOD FOR MACRO-MICRO MODELS OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS

We consider the finite extensible nonlinear elasticity (FENE) dumbbell model in viscoelastic polymeric fluids. We employ the maximum entropy principle for FENE model to obtain the solution which maximizes the entropy of FENE model in stationary situations. Then we approximate the maximum entropy solution using the second order terms in microscopic configuration field to get an probability density function (PDF). The approximated PDF gives a solution to avoid the difficulties caused by the nonlinearity of FENE model. We perform the moment-closure approximation procedure with the PDF approximated from the maximum entropy solution, and compute the induced macroscopic stresses. We also show that the moment-closure system satisfies the energy dissipation law. Finally, we show some numerical simulations to verify the PDF and moment-closure system.
Defective synthesis of early region 4 mRNAs during abortive adenovirus infections in monkey cells

Human adenovirus 2 grows poorly in monkey cells, partly because of defects in late gene expression. Since deletions in early region 4 (E4) cause similar defects in late gene expression, we examined E4 mRNA expression in abortive infections. Processing of E4 mRNAs was defective during abortive infections, most likely at the level of splicing. At early times in productive infections in HeLa cells, the major E4 species produced is a 2-kb mRNA; at late times, a shift occurs so that smaller spliced E4 mRNAs are also produced. In CV-1 cells, a nonpermissive monkey cell line, this shift did not take place and only the 2-kb species was produced at late times, suggesting a defect in E4 mRNA splicing during abortive infections. The adenovirus DNA-binding protein (DBP) was required for normal processing of E4 mRNAs, since a host range mutant (hr602) containing an altered DBP gene showed a normal late E4 mRNA pattern in CV-1 cells; in addition, DBP was required during infections in HeLa cells for late E4 mRNA expression. DBP was not required for production of the late E4 pattern in transient expression assays in HeLa or 293 cells, suggesting that a second factor in addition to the DBP, present during infection but not transfection, modulates E4 mRNA processing.
Influence of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus on cardiovascular neurones in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat

1 The question of whether neurones in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus have an excitatory influence on reticulo‐spinal vasomotor neurones of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) has been addressed in this study using anaesthetized rats. 2 Extracellular microelectrode recordings were made from sixty vasomotor neurones in the RVL, identified by their cardiac cycle‐related probability of discharge, by the decrease in activity in response to an increase in arterial blood pressure produced by intravenous phenylephrine and by the increase in activity in response to a decrease in blood pressure produced by intravenous nitroprusside. 3 More than 70 % of these RVL vasomotor neurones were identified as spinally projecting by antidromically activating their axons via a stimulating electrode in the lateral funiculus of the T2 or T10 segment of spinal cord. 4 Activation of neurones at different sites in the PVN with a microinjection of d,l‐homocysteic acid (DLH) elicited either pressor or depressor responses. 5 At PVN pressor sites fifteen RVL vasomotor neurones were shown to be activated prior to the blood pressure change. A further twenty RVL vasomotor neurones were observed to decrease activity following the blood pressure rise. At PVN depressor sites twelve RVL neurones were inhibited prior to the blood pressure change whereas another thirteen identified RVL neurones increased their discharge following the fall in blood pressure. 6 In three rats single shock electrical stimulation at a PVN pressor site, first identified with DLH, elicited a single or double action potential in thirteen RVL neurones with a latency of 27 ± 1 ms. 7 It is concluded that PVN neurones may elicit increases in blood pressure via excitatory connections with RVL‐spinal vasomotor neurones, and that other PVN neurones may elicit decreases in blood pressure via inhibitory connections with these RVL neurones.
Platelet activation and dysfunction in a large‐animal model of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhage are the leading causes of trauma‐related mortality. Both TBI and hemorrhage are associated with coagulation disturbances, including platelet dysfunction. We hypothesized that platelet dysfunction could be detected early after injury, and that this dysfunction would be associated with early activation, as measured by circulating levels of platelet activation markers. METHODS: A total of 33 swine were allocated to TBI and hypotension (n = 27, TBI and volume‐controlled 40% blood loss) or controls (n = 6, anesthesia and instrumentation only). Animals in the TBI/Hemorrhage group were left hypotensive, defined as mean arterial pressure of 35 mm Hg, for 2 hours. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and 3 minutes and 15 minutes following injury as well as following 2 hours of shock. Samples were analyzed for platelet aggregation using impedance aggregometry with agonists collagen, arachidonic acid, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thromboelastography (TEG) and circulating levels of platelet activation markers transforming growth factor‐[beta] (TGF‐[beta]), CD40 ligand, and sP‐selectin. RESULTS: Platelet ADP aggregation was significantly lower in the TBI/Hemorrhage group when compared with the control group 15 minutes following injury (62.4 vs. 80.4 U, p = 0.03) as well as following 2 hours of hypotension (59.9 vs. 73.5 U, p < 0.01). The latter was associated with lower TEG measured clot strength (TEG‐MA, 74.1 vs. 79.4 mm, p = 0.05). No difference in collagen or arachidonic acid aggregation was observed. TGF‐[beta] levels were significantly higher in the TBI/Hemorrhage group following 2 hours of hypotension (1,764 vs. 1,252 pg/mL, p = 0.01). No differences in CD40 ligand or sP‐selectin levels were observed. CONCLUSION: In this combined model of TBI and hemorrhage, a significantly lower ADP‐induced platelet aggregation was detected 15 minutes following injury that was further aggravated during the 2‐hour shock period. This dysfunction was associated with an increase in platelet activation marker TGF‐[beta].