Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Corporate Governance in Mitigating Real Earnings Management: Literature Review

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of the existing studies in the literature regarding real earnings management and corporate governance. The paper also addresses the gap in the real earnings management literature in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) as a major market in the Middle East and proposes future research topics. Keywords: earnings management, real earnings management, corporate governance, board of directors
AGENCY CONFLICT AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT

This conflict between firm insiders and firm outsiders in case to allocate the free cash still unclear in the context of agency theory. This study examines the sample of 25 public firms in consumer goods industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange over period of 2010 until 2018 in term to detect agency conflict with earnings management as its application. This study finds that discretionary accruals as the proxy of earnings management is insignificant on debt policy and growth opportunities. Those findings indicate that, Indonesian public firms do not practicing earnings management which means agency conflict is not exist over the sample of this study.
What Causes Plant Closure within Multi-Plant Firms?

This paper investigates why plants belonging to multi-plant firms are more likely to exit. Using Japanese plant data linked to firm data we study the process of plant closure among domestic multi-plant firms as well as multi-plant multinationals. As elsewhere in the literature these organisational forms are found to raise the probability of plant exit despite the superior characteristics of the plants they own. We find that the domestic multi-plant ownership effect is attributable to these firms closing the weakest elements of the firm. We reject the idea of multinationals being ‘footloose’ but instead find a residual effect of multinational ownership which reduces the probability of plant death when we control for the process of closure within those firms.
On the Relation between Financial Reporting Quality and Country Attributes: Research Challenges and Opportunities

We provide new evidence on the codependence among the many country attributes previously linked to financial reporting quality. First, we show that the synchronicity of 21 changing country attributes spikes surrounding mandatory IFRS adoption. Thus, while IFRS adoption “explains” increased reporting quality, this finding disappears after including other changing country determinants of reporting quality. Second, a single underlying factor distills the numerous reporting quality measures used in the international literature. Finally, we document that four underlying country factors largely subsume the individual explanatory power of 72 candidate country attributes in explaining reporting quality levels across countries. We conclude with implications and suggestions for future research on international reporting quality. JEL Classifications: F30; G15; K22; M41. Data Availability: Data used in this paper are from publicly available sources and/or are drawn directly from data tabulated in published research papers.
Did the Siebel Systems Case Limit the SEC’s Ability to Enforce Regulation Fair Disclosure?

We examine whether a shock to the enforceability of Regulation Fair Disclosure (Reg FD) limited its ability to restrict the flow of private information between managers and investors. Prior work provides evidence that Reg FD reduced managers’ selective disclosure of material information immediately following its promulgation. We test whether the initial effects of Reg FD on selective disclosure have diminished due to the SEC’s challenges in enforcing Reg FD. Specifically, we predict and find evidence that the SEC’s failed litigation attempt in SEC v. Siebel Systems, Inc. contributed to a return of informed trading by transient institutional investors, consistent with managers altering their selective disclosure practices following the SEC’s enforcement failure. We also find that Siebel led to an unleveling effect among sophisticated investors with respect to private information advantages. Our results suggest that researchers should exercise caution in assuming a homogenous information environment post-Reg FD, and our study highlights the importance of enforcement in achieving intended regulatory outcomes.
Toward A Comprehensive Model of International Joint Venture Learning

Based on alliance learning, absorptive capacity, and trust literature, this study proposed a comprehensive model linking International Joint Venture (IJV) learning and its determinants. The model takes into account the multi-dimensionality of absorptive capacity and trust which were often omitted in previous studies. It is then tested in the context of Vietnam on the basis of data collected from 154 IJVs. The result confirms the comprehensiveness of the model as it explains more than 63% of the variance in learning. Specifically, learning intent, three out of four dimensions of absorptive capacity, and foreign parents' willingness to share knowledge were found to be positively associated with IJV learning, Trust dimensions were also related to learning but these relationships were alleviated in the presence of the other determinants. The research contributes to the growing literature on IJV learning and provides important implications for managers working in IJVs.
Canadian and South African Scholars’ Use of Institutional Repositories, ResearchGate, and Academia.edu

Since their initial development in the early 2000s, institutional repositories (IRs) have proliferated around the globe. Due to low faculty participation, however, content recruitment has often posed a significant challenge for librarians and others promoting their use. Through the last decade, academic social networks (ASNs), such as ResearchGate and Academia.edu, have become popular among scholars as a means to communicate with each other and share their research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixty scholars at six universities in Canada and South Africa to explore their views and practices pertaining to IRs and ASNs. Interviews were transcribed and coded to elucidate trends and themes in the data. The study found that few participants were active supporters of their local IRs. Lack of awareness, time limitations, and concerns regarding copyright remain some of the main obstacles to increased faculty participation. Conversely, more than half of the interviewees were active users of either ResearchGate or Academia.edu. These users valued ASNs both as a means of sharing their work and as tools facilitating connections with their colleagues internationally. Though IRs need not compete with these networks, proponents of open access repositories should be prepared to explain to faculty why they should consider having their research made accessible in a repository though they may already actively share their work through ResearchGate or Academia.edu. Significantly, both ASNs and IRs were more popular among South African than Canadian researchers. It is hoped that the results of the study will be helpful in informing the understanding and decisions of librarians and others working to develop and promote IRs and green open access more broadly.
The Cost of Exposing Large Institutional Orders to Electronic Liquidity Providers

We use a novel data set to examine the impact of exposing institutional orders to electronic liquidity providers (ELPs). We present empirical evidence that marketable pieces of large parent orders are routed to ELPs seemingly to avoid paying liquidity fees on exchanges. This routing decision results in lower net effective spreads for these child orders but leads to higher execution shortfall for the parent order. We provide evidence suggestive of a causal relation by utilizing the parent orders of investors that disallow the broker to route their child orders to ELPs. Our analysis suggests that ELPs detect the presence of the parent order very quickly given the transparent bilateral relation with the broker. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023. 4871 .
Financial statements risk: case study of a small accounting unit

Accounting records constitute the basic information sources for various groups of users. The quality of information acquired may considerably affect their decision-making based on accounting data and information reported. The focus of this contribution is laid on the CFEBT method of risk detection of accounting records from the view of a risk of accounting errors and frauds, with a result in the reduction in the information asymmetry between their authors and users. The main article objective is to analyze the risk of accounting errors and frauds through CFEBT risk triangle and a case study of selected small entities which operate predominantly in processing industry. The CFEBT risk triangle was designed as a tool for detection, evaluation and management of the risk of accounting errors and frauds in circumstances of the Czech accounting standards and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The case study results that it was ascertained that the most significant discrepancy between the economic substance of the business activity of the accounting unit and the generation of cash flow is a consequence of reported financial revenues.
An examination of women’s sport sponsorship: a case study of female Australian Rules football

ABSTRACT In recent years we have seen an increase in corporate and media interest in women’s sport leagues and events. Despite the increase in commercialism and professionalism of women’s sport, there is a lack of research focusing on the marketing of and through women’s sport. This current study addresses this gap, examining the motivations of sponsors involved in the women’s Australian Rules football national league. Exploratory in outlook, this paper presents insights from key sponsorship decision-makers. It was found that sponsorship was motivated by a desire to promote gender equality at a firm, industry and broader societal level. Sponsorship of women’s football provides convergence of corporate social responsibility and commercial benefits. The paper provides insights for sport marketing and initiates the conversation of women’s sport sponsorship.
Comparison of the Timber Management Expenses of Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners in Mississippi, United States: Results from 1995–1997 and 2015

Forest landowner activities change over the lifespan of the forest and ownership cycle. Patterns of change emerge which suggest the evolving nature of forest landownership and Non-industrial Private Forest (NIPF) landowners’ interest in their land. The objective of this study was to examine trends in NIPF landowners’ distribution of forestry expenses in their management activities over time. First, 2010 Mississippi NIPF landowners were randomly selected from a property tax roll list. Our analysis compared study results of Arano et al. (2002) with a 2016 survey that was conducted by the authors of this paper. Both studies drew on assessments of timber management expenditures that were conducted on behalf of a state government department of revenue to determine ad valorem taxes for forest land. As such, both studies contained similar survey questions with 12 forestry-related activities grouped into four major categories: (1) Fees for Professional Services (e.g., consulting foresters, surveyors), (2) Timber Management Expenditures (e.g., site preparation, planting), (3) Other Management Expenditures (e.g., road construction), and (4) Property Taxes. Like the 2002 article, results here are presented as descriptive statistics. In both survey cycles, Timber Management Expenditures represented the largest component of annual expenditures in both the 1990s and 2015. The largest decrease in reported expenditures occurred for Other Management Expenditures. By broadly describing differences in expenditures over time, this study provides insights into the involvement of NIPF landowners in management activities on forest land such as reforestation after final harvest, thinning, and timber stand improvement, which can impact forest products’ supply over time.
An Empirical Study of the Impact of FDI, JVs and Trade on Domestic Technology Stock of India

This research is an effort to empirically understand the relationship among the three modes of International Technology Transfer (ITT)—1) Foreign direct investment (FDI), 2) joint ventures (JVs) and 3) trade. A common factor as representative of technology stock is derived using a number of scientific journal publications, engineering exports, number of trademark registered and patent filed in India by native as well as foreign applicants. A simple linear regression (using ordinary least square method) is conducted on the technology stock and foreign direct investment, joint ventures and trade indicators. Results represent that FDI, JVs and trade are affecting the domestic technology stock gain. SPSS 17® is used for factor analysis and transformation of indicators. EView6® is used to make data set stationary and run regression analysis.
The business capacity of broiler farmers in the partnership business pattern

The present study was conducted to analyze the broiler farmers’ capacity level in the partnership pattern and to analyze the factors which affect it. The current study was conducted in Bogor and Sukabumi, West Java Province using a survey approach on 247 farmers who ran farm businesses with the partnership pattern. Data were collected through questionnaire filling by farmers and in-depth interviews with key informants. The data were collected from July to October 2018. The data were analyzed descriptively and with inferential analysis (regression). The results of the study revealed that the farmers’ business capacity was weak. This was evident in the managerial and partnership capability which was categorized as low, the entrepreneurship and problem-solving capability which was categorized as medium, and only the technical capability which was categorized as high. The regression results demonstrated that business capacity was influenced positively by the formal education level, social environment characteristics (organizational support, access to experts), and the role of private extension agents (their role as educators, communicators, consultants, dynamizators, and organizers).
Impact of privacy concerns on resistance to smart services: does the ‘Big Brother effect’ matter?

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of the factors that explain consumer resistance to smart services from a privacy perspective. To this end, an exploratory qualitative study and a quantitative study were carried out. 653 French consumers answered an online questionnaire regarding smart services in the banking sector. Structural equation modelling was used to test the conceptual model. The findings show that information privacy, the unauthorised secondary use of personal information and perceived intrusion have an impact on consumer resistance to smart services. Moreover, our research highlights the major role of the ‘Big Brother effect’ as an antecedent to these various privacy concerns.
May trust and solidarity defy food scares? The case of Parmigiano-Reggiano PDO sales in the aftermath of natural disaster

Purpose A major earthquake and aftershocks have hit the North-East part of Italy in May 2012, and caused 26 deaths and diffuse economic damage in the localised agri-food system (LAFS) of Parmigiano-Reggiano protected designation of origin (PDO), including several dairy warehouses. In the broad mobilization to help the stricken people, the LAFS actors played a primary role, giving rise to the sales of “Parmigiano-Reggiano damaged by the earthquake” (PR-T). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the main determinants of PR-T purchasing using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Design/methodology/approach A survey on 200 consumers was performed. Data were collected with face-to-face interviews in stores and markets where the PR-T has been sold, and analyzed by structural equation modelling. Findings The TPB model predictors accounted for 52 per cent of the variance of intentions to purchase PR-T in the future and 21 per cent of the variance of behaviour. Perceived behavioural control is the main predictor of intention and behaviour, indicating that making easier the access to key resources and increasing people’s capability seems a major aspect to reach the intended goals. Trust in producers and retailers communication, positive image of the PDO label, sense of belonging to the region of origin and socio-demographics, i.e. age and educational levels, are correlated with intention and behaviour. The food scare flare up in the media was not a reason impeding purchasing PR-T. Originality/value These findings show the solidarity aspects underlying the collective purchases of PR-T in the aftermath of the 2012 earthquake waves, and the importance of increasing people’s capability and trust to reach the goal of facing dreadful food scares effectively.
Bidding Into Balancing Markets in a Hydrodominated Electricity System

In an electricity system, demand and supply have to be balanced in real time. Since most energy is traded before real time already in forward, day-ahead and intraday markets imbalances can occur. To ensure the balance between demand and supply even if power plants deviate from their schedules, the system operator procures balancing capacity and energy in balancing markets. The market outcomes may significantly differ from one country to the other depending on the underlying generation technologies and market design. In this paper, we have a look at the balancing market prices of a hydro-dominated electricity system using Switzerland as a case study. By using a short-term hydropower operation model and a set of Swiss hydropower plants, we are able to identify a competitive benchmark for Swiss balancing market prices defined by the opportunity costs of hydropower for providing balancing capacity. Our results show that Swiss balancing market prices are influenced by several drivers but do not hint at any market imperfections.
Corporate Governance Mechanisms, Whistle-Blowing Policy and Real Earnings Management

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the mechanisms of corporate governance (CG) in firms that have a policy of whistle-blowing (WBP) are more effective in mitigating real earnings management (REM) than those without WBP. To achieve this objective, the sample of the study, 288 Malaysian firms for the years 2013 to 2015, have been grouped into firms with and without WBP. In addition, the Roychowdhury Models were used to determine the abnormal levels of the REM. The results show that most of the CG mechanisms, i.e., audit committee (AC) size, AC meetings, AC independence and auditor size in firms with WBP are found to be significantly associated with low level of REM which supporting agency and resource dependence theories. However, only board independence and ownership concentration are found to be significantly associated with high level of REM. Regarding firms without WBP, most of the CG mechanisms, i.e., AC size, women in the AC, AC accenting expertise and ownership concentration, are found to be significantly associated with high level of REM. However, only board meetings, AC multiple directorships and auditor size are found to be significantly associated with low level of REM. The finding of this study suggests that having WBP in a firm could improve the monitoring role of the CG mechanisms towards mitigating REM. However, strengthening the role of WBP is still necessary to improve the efficiency of the monitoring role of CG mechanisms. Hence, there is a need for more policy and law that could encourage whistle-blowers to disclose any misconducts in firms and at the same time, prevent management from undermining the effectiveness of the whistle-blowing policy. The findings of this study will enrich the body of literature where there is no previous study has been done in respect of REM.
Feel, think, avoid: Testing a new model of advertising avoidance

ABSTRACT Advertising avoidance is perhaps one of the greatest challenges facing marketers today. This study investigates the impact of emotions on advertising avoidance in social media. It tests five antecedents and two types of advertising avoidance, developing a new model of advertising avoidance. Data were collected via an online survey of 849 Facebook users and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of this study establish the important role of emotion in activating advertising avoidance. The study tests and validates two types of advertising avoidance: cognitive and behavioral (which includes mechanical). Further, the research also identifies five antecedents: attitude to social networking sites as an advertising medium, perceived clutter, negative word-of-mouth about advertising, and two new constructs of privacy concerns and control. These antecedents impact emotion and enact avoidance.
Working capital management and financial performance of Malaysian construction sector companies

This study examines the effects of working capital management on financial performance of construction companies listed in Bursa Malaysia for the period of 2012 to 2016. The findings show that only a shortening collection period and a positive working capital are significant to improve financial performance of local construction firms. An effective working capital management however does not contribute significantly to operating cash flow and share price of construction firms in Malaysia. The findings of this study suggest the management of account receivable is the most critical factor to improve financial performance for the local construction firms.
Financial Reporting and Operational Decisions in Response to Proposed Regulation: Evidence from Basel III

This paper examines how firms respond to proposed regulation. Specifically, we utilize the time period that banking authorities used to discuss, adopt, and implement Basel III to examine how quickly firms adjusted their financial reporting and/or business model decisions in response to the proposed regulatory framework. We find evidence that banks altered their business models and made strategic financial reporting changes before regulators even agreed on the final regulatory terms. We also provide evidence that banks were more likely to make these anticipatory changes when they: 1) benefitted more from signaling an early commitment, or 2) had less uncertainty about whether they would be subjected to the regulation. While prior research generally assumes that firms follow a sequential pecking order approach when faced with regulatory uncertainty, our findings suggest that firms’ incentives may lead them to lobby against a proposed regulation while simultaneously making costly operational and financial reporting changes to comply with it.
Relationship of Product Quality, Price, Cafe Atmosphere to Customer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction at Cafe Harmony

The cafe business in Indonesia continues to increase and increasingly innovative makes competition even harder. Cafe Harmony, which is located in Nganjuk city, East Java province, implements a competitive strategy in the form of maintaining Product Quality, Price, Cafe Atmosphere so that it can satisfy customers and create customer loyalty. This study aims to analyze the influence of Product Quality, Price, Cafe Atmosphere on Customer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction at Cafe Harmony Nganjuk. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 385 visitors at Nganjuk Cafe Harmony and using the Path Analysis method. The results of this study indicate variable Product Quality, Price, Cafe Atmosphere affect customer satisfaction. In the path analysis shows that the Product Quality, Price, Cafe Atmosphere variables directly or indirectly influence customer loyalty through customer satisfaction at Cafe Harmony Nganjuk.