Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of processing on the fatty acid composition and the content of conjugated linoleic acid in organic and conventional dairy products - a review

Influence de la fabrication sur la composition des acides gras et la concentration en acides linoleiques conjugues dans des produits laitiers biologiques et standards. La presente etude donne une vue d'ensemble des connaissances concernant l'influence de la fabrication et du stockage des produits laitiers sur la concentration en acides linoleiques conjugues (CLA) et les differences possibles entre les produits biologiques et les produits standards. Dans les produits laitiers bio, il est reporte que la concentration en CLA est plus elevee dans des proportions allant de non significatif a 135 %. Il ressort de nouvelles etudes conduites sur l'effet du chauffage que celui-ci n'entraine aucune modification au niveau de la concentration en CLA ou de la repartition des isomeres, a l'exception du chauffage par micro-onde avec lequel la concentration en CLA pouvait etre inferieure de 53 %. De meme, aucun effet de la fermentation sur la concentration en CLA dans les produits laitiers du commerce n'a ete observe. Des etudes recentes sur le fromage n'ont montre aucune modification de la concentration en CLA pendant la fabrication ou la maturation. La concentration en CLA est restee stable pendant la fabrication de beurre a base de lait enrichi en CLA. Dans plusieurs etudes plus recentes effectuees a l'echelle du laboratoire avec des bacteries probiotiques (bacteries lactiques comme Lactobacillus rhamnosus ou Lactobacillus acidophilus, bacteries propioniques et bifidobacteries comme B. breve et B. dentium) ou d'autres souches de ces groupes de bacteries, il a ete observe une augmentation de la concentration en CLA en presence d'acide linoleique libre (LA) dans le milieu de culture. Les taux de conversion ont atteint jusqu'a 87 % avec Propionibacteria freudenreichii ssp. shermanii. Sous forme cultivee, B. breve a atteint une concentration comparativement elevee de 398 mg CLA.L -1 de milieu de culture. Des concentrations particulierement elevees allant jusqu'a 40 g CLA.L -1 de milieu de culture ont pu etre produites avec des cellules de Lactobacillus plantarum et de Lb. acidophilus qui ne sont plus actives ou avec des cellules immobilisees de Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. Par ailleurs, la formation de CLA dans le yoghourt a ete observee dans la mesure ou l'on y ajoutait du LA libre. En effet, apres 14 jours d'entreposage, l'augmentation etait de 77 %. Des procedes specifiques permettent d'augmenter la concentration de CLA dans une fraction; il s'agit entre autres du fractionnement a sec (63 % d'augmentation), du fractionnement au dioxyde de carbone supercritique (89 % d'augmentation) et de la cristallisation (concentration: 2,5 fois). De nombreuses etudes sur la stabilite pendant l'entreposage des produits laitiers enrichis avec des CLA ne montrent aucune difference significative au niveau des parametres sensoriels de qualite.
A sensitive and specific solid-phase extraction–gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 11 haloacetic acids in aqueous samples

A method for the analysis of 11 haloacetic acids in water samples has been developed. It involves enrichment of the target analytes from water samples by solid-phase extraction, derivatization to methyl esters, and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry determination. Gas chromatography conditions were optimized for a good separation of all haloacetic acids in a short runtime. Data were acquired in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Six solid-phase extraction sorbents among the most widely used in environmental analysis were tested. Bakerbond SDB was retained because it has been shown to provide the best results for a large class of targeted haloacetic acids. The performances of the developed method have been assessed according to the French Standard NF T 90-210. The calibration curves for all the studied haloacetic acids had consistent slopes with r2 values > 0.99. Quantification limits between 0.01 and 0.50 µg l−1 were achieved. Satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation ≤ 14.3%) and intermediate precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 15.7%) were obtained. Applied to the analysis of 15 untreated water samples collected from three rivers, the method allowed the detection of five haloacetic acids including monochloroacetic acid (in 100% of the samples, <0.5–1.85 µg l−1), dichloroacetic acid (87%, <0.05–0.22 µg l−1), trichloroacetic acid (93%, <0.05–0.52 µg l−1), dibromoacetic acid (53%, <0.01–0.40 µg l−1), tribromoacetic acid (20%, <0.05–0.14 µg l−1), and bromodichloroacetic acid (6%, < 0.05 µg l−1).
Can Identity Conflicts Impede the Success of Ethnic Minority Students? Consequences of Discrepancies Between Ethnic and Ideal Selves

Because of stigma and underrepresentation, many ethnic minority students may find it difficult to align their ethnicities with their ideal selves. However, these difficulties and their potential consequences have been empirically neglected. To inform this gap in the literature, we propose that the novel concept of ethnic/ideal self-discrepancies (i.e., perceived mismatches between who a person aspires to be and this person’s conception of their ethnic self) is associated with the academic outcomes of ethnic minority students. As hypothesized, large ethnic/ideal self-discrepancies predict high academic disengagement, according to cross-sectional data from Study 1 (n = 147) and Study 2 (n = 105), as well as high academic disengagement 2 months later according to half-longitudinal data from Study 2 (n = 78). In Study 3 (n = 99), ethnic minority students experimentally induced to perceive high ethnic/ideal self-discrepancies reported significantly higher academic disengagement than ethnic minority students in a low discrepancy condition.
Microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A study of two Dutch cohorts at a 10-year interval

Background Recent investigations suggest an increasing prevalence of Gram-positive and antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), probably related to changes in antibiotic prescription patterns, in particular more widespread and long-term use of antibiotic prophylaxis with quinolones. Objective The primary objective of this study was to assess potential changes in the microbiology of SBP in two patient cohorts studied at a 10-year interval. Further aims were to study prognostic factors and outcome of SBP. Methods A retrospective double-cohort study, including all ascitic cultures from patients with cirrhosis obtained 2003–2005 and 2013–2014, was conducted. Results In total 312 patients were included, 125 patients in the first and 187 patients in the second cohort. SBP was diagnosed in 132 of 840 analyzed ascitic fluid samples; 62 samples were culture positive. An increase of Gram-positive bacterial isolates was noted from 26% to 46% between cohorts (p = 0.122). The prevalence of multidrug-antibiotic–resistant pathogens increased from 25% to 32% (p = 0.350). Survival after SBP among the two cohorts was comparable. Conclusion This single-center study in the Netherlands found a modest but nonsignificant increase in the proportion of patients with SBP caused by Gram-positive bacteria and multidrug-antibiotic–resistant bacteria over a 10-year period. Our findings differ from reported data in other countries and suggest empiric antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment of SBP should be based on national and regional microbiological findings and resistance patterns.
Synthesis and properties of molybdenum disulphide: from bulk to atomic layers

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) has been one of the most interesting materials for scientists and engineers for a long time. While its bulk form has been in use in conventional industries as an intercalation agent and a dry lubricant for many years, its two-dimensional forms have attracted growing attention in recent years for applications in nano-electronic applications. Specifically, the single layer form of MoS2 shows significant potential as a semiconductor analogue of graphene. These exciting applications are spread over many fields, from flexible and transparent transistor devices, to low-power, high efficiency biological and chemical sensing applications. This Review Article, for the first time, provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, structural polytypes, properties, and applications of bulk, few layer, and single layer MoS2.
Development of Macrolide Resistance and Reinfection in Refractory Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease

Rationale: Patients with refractory Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC‐LD) undergo long‐term macrolide therapy, but macrolide resistance develops infrequently. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether reinfection was a factor in the low incidence of macrolide resistance in patients with refractory MAC‐LD. Methods: Among 481 patients with treatment‐naive MAC‐LD who started antibiotic treatment between January 2002 and December 2013, we identified 72 patients with refractory disease, characterized by persistently positive sputum cultures despite ≥12 months of treatment. Molecular analyses of the 23S ribosomal RNA gene responsible for macrolide resistance and serial mycobacterial genotyping were performed using stored MAC isolates. Measurements and Main Results: The median duration of treatment was 32 months (interquartile range, 24‐41 mo) in 72 patients. After treatment for a median of 33 months (interquartile range, 21‐44 mo), macrolide resistance developed in 16 (22%) patients. Molecular analysis of isolates from 15 patients revealed that 80% (12 of 15) had a point mutation at position 2,058 or 2,059 of the 23S ribosomal RNA gene. Of the 49 patients who had stored pre‐ and post‐treatment isolates, mycobacterial genotyping revealed that reinfection by new MAC strains occurred in 36 (73%) patients. New MAC strains were found in 24 (49%) patients, and mixed infections with original and new strains occurred in 12 (24%) patients. Only 13 (27%) patients had persistent infections with their original MAC strains. Conclusions: Refractory MAC‐LD is commonly caused by reinfection with new strains rather than persistence of the original strain, which may explain the infrequent development of macrolide resistance in refractory MAC‐LD. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT00970801).
Evaluation of residual thermal stress in Cu metalized silicon nitride substrates by raman spectroscopy

Local thermal stress is a critical issue in high-temperature packaging technologies. In the power module heat-releasing metalized ceramic substrates become more and more important. Large difference in coefficients of thermal expansion between ceramic and metal generates extensive thermal stress near the bonded interface of the metalized substrate. In this study local thermal stress generated in the ceramic part of Cu metalized Si3N4 substrate was evaluated by Raman spectroscopic analysis. The tensile stress of about 50 MPa was measured in the ceramic part near the interface of Cu plate.
Prevention and Treatment of Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease in Children

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a threatening complication for children on long-term parenteral nutrition because of intestinal failure. When progressive and intractable, it may jeopardize intestinal rehabilitation and lead to combined liver and intestinal transplantation. The institution of dedicated intestinal failure centers has dramatically decreased the incidence of such complication. IFALD may rapidly fade away if very early management aimed at preventing progression to end-stage liver disease is provided. In this review, we address the etiology and risk factors of IFALD in order to introduce pillars of prevention (nutritional management and catheter-related infections control). The latest evidence of therapeutic strategies, such as medical and surgical treatments, is also discussed.
From words-as-mappings to words-as-cues: the role of language in semantic knowledge

ABSTRACT Semantic knowledge (or semantic memory) is knowledge we have about the world. For example, we know that knives are typically sharp, made of metal, and that they are tools used for cutting. To what kinds of experiences do we owe such knowledge? Most work has stressed the role of direct sensory and motor experiences. Another kind of experience, considerably less well understood, is our experience with language. We review two ways of thinking about the relationship between language and semantic knowledge: (i) language as mapping onto independently-acquired concepts, and (ii) language as a set of cues to meaning. We highlight some problems with the words-as-mappings view, and argue in favour of the words-as-cues alternative. We then review some surprising ways that language impacts semantic knowledge, and discuss how distributional semantics models can help us better understand its role. We argue that language has an abstracting effect on knowledge, helping to go beyond concrete experiences which are more characteristic of perception and action. We conclude by describing several promising directions for future research.
Information Exchange Design Patterns for Robot Swarm Foraging and Their Application in Robot Control Algorithms

In swarm robotics, a design pattern provides high-level guidelines for the implementation of a particular robot behaviour and describes its impact on swarm performance. In this paper, we explore information exchange design patterns for robot swarm foraging. First, a method for the specification of design patterns for robot swarms is proposed that builds on previous work in this field and emphasises modular behaviour design, as well as information-centric micro-macro link analysis. Next, design pattern application rules that can facilitate the pattern usage in robot control algorithms are given. A catalogue of six design patterns is then presented. The patterns are derived from an extensive list of experiments reported in the swarm robotics literature, demonstrating the capability of the proposed method to identify distinguishing features of robot behaviour and their impact on swarm performance in a wide range of swarm implementations and experimental scenarios. Each pattern features a detailed description of robot behaviour and its associated parameters, facilitated by the usage of a multi-agent modeling language, BDRML, and an account of feedback loops and forces that affect the pattern’s applicability. Scenarios in which the pattern has been used are described. The consequences of each design pattern on overall swarm performance are characterised within the Information-Cost-Reward framework, that makes it possible to formally relate the way in which robots acquire, share and utilise information. Finally, the patterns are validated by demonstrating how they improved the performance of foraging e-puck swarms and how they could guide algorithm design in other scenarios.
Predictive Analysis on Twitter: Techniques and Applications

Predictive analysis of social media data has attracted considerable attention from the research community as well as the business world because of the essential and actionable information it can provide. Over the years, extensive experimentation and analysis for insights have been carried out using Twitter data in various domains such as healthcare, public health, politics, social sciences, and demographics. In this chapter, we discuss techniques, approaches and state-of-the-art applications of predictive analysis of Twitter data. Specifically, we present fine-grained analysis involving aspects such as sentiment, emotion, and the use of domain knowledge in the coarse-grained analysis of Twitter data for making decisions and taking actions, and relate a few success stories.
Building intelligence into an autopilot using qualitative simulation to support global decision making

In this paper, qualitative simulation is applied to reason induc tively about the behavior of a quantitatively simulated aircraft model, to determine on-line when a malfunction occurs in the quantitative model, to hypothesize about the nature of this malfunction, and to decide upon a global strategy that allows to operate (control) the quantitative aircraft model under the modified flying conditions.
On Outage Capacity of MIMO Poisson Fading Channels

The information outage probability of a shot-noise limited direct detection multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) optical channel subject to block fading is considered. Information is transmitted over this channel by modulating the intensity of a number of optical signals, one corresponding to each transmit aperture, and individual photon arrivals are observed at multiple receive photodetector apertures. The transmitted signals undergo multiplicative fading, and the fading occurs in coherence intervals of fixed duration in each of which the channel fade matrix remains constant. The channel fade matrix varies across successive coherence intervals in an independent and identically distributed fashion. The transmitter and the receiver are assumed to have perfect channel state information (CSI). The main contributions are a formulation of the outage probability problem as an optimization problem and an exact characterization of the optimal solution for the special case of the MIMO Poisson fading channel with two transmit apertures.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2018 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms, with an inherent risk for leukemic transformation (∼15%‐20% over 3‐5 years).
Benign monomelic amyotrophy with lower limb involvement in an adult

Rationale: Monomelic amyotrophy (MMA) is a benign motor neuron disease with bilateral muscular atrophy in asymmetry and abnormal in the electromyography (EMG). However, we report a case by the muscle biopsy which shows symptoms of slowly progressive amyotrophy despite having a normal EMG. Patient concerns: A 51-year-old male was diagnosed with a lower limb amyotrophy, insidious at the onset and located in the distal thigh and the proximal crus near the knee, slowly progressive weakness, and wasting of his right gastrocnemius muscle for the last 20 years. Diagnoses: He was diagnosed with MMA by the clinical profile, natural history, examinations, and the biopsy. Interventions: We perform dynamic physical therapy for the patient in this case. Outcomes: The positive effects of dynamic physical therapy in this case with MMA were shown in this report. Lessons: The outcome of physical therapy is satisfactory.
StoryRoleNet: Social Network Construction of Role Relationship in Video

The automatic extraction of social relationship among individuals from massive quantities of video data is an important aspect of information extraction. However, most existing studies have focused on rough information, which result in inaccurate social network of role relationship. In this paper, the StoryRoleNet model is proposed for constructing an accurate and integral network representing the relationships among roles. First, to avoid the redundancy calculation of the relationships on the segmentation points of neighboring story units, we measure the weights of relationships by a weighted-Gaussian method in each story unit. More importantly, a new story segmentation method for long video is proposed by analyzing hierarchical features of the video. Then, we combine relationship networks constructed from the video and subtitle text. Some missed relationships can be complemented by this way. At last, the final network is analyzed to discover communities and important roles. Comprehensive evaluations were conducted using three movies and one television drama. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of the $F_{1}$ accuracy measure and the normalized mutual information value.
Neighborhood characteristics and violence behind closed doors: The spatial overlap of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence

In this study, we analyze first whether there is a common spatial distribution of child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV), and second, whether the risks of CM and IPV are influenced by the same neighborhood characteristics, and if these risks spatially overlap. To this end we used geocoded data of CM referrals (N = 588) and IPV incidents (N = 1450) in the city of Valencia (Spain). As neighborhood proxies, we used 552 census block groups. Neighborhood characteristics analyzed at the aggregated level (census block groups) were: Neighborhood concentrated disadvantage (neighborhood economic status, neighborhood education level, and policing activity), immigrant concentration, and residential instability. A Bayesian joint modeling approach was used to examine the spatial distribution of CM and IPV, and a Bayesian random-effects modeling approach was used to analyze the influence of neighborhood-level characteristics on small-area variations of CM and IPV risks. For CM, 98% of the total between-area variation in risk was captured by a shared spatial component, while for IPV the shared component was 77%. The risks of CM and IPV were higher in neighborhoods characterized by lower levels of economic status and education, and higher levels of policing activity, immigrant concentration, and residential instability. The correlation between the log relative risk of CM and IPV was . 85. Most census block groups had either low or high risks in both outcomes (with only 10.5% of the areas with mismatched risks). These results show that certain neighborhood characteristics are associated with an increase in the risk of family violence, regardless of whether this violence is against children or against intimate partners. Identifying these high-risk areas can inform a more integrated community-level response to both types of family violence. Future research should consider a community-level approach to address both types of family violence, as opposed to individual-level intervention addressing each type of violence separately.
MUC5AC Levels Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity

To assess MUC5AC as a biomarker for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease severity, we tested nasal aspirates from RSV+ children with mild, moderate, and severe disease. Levels were significantly higher in those in the severe and moderate groups compared to mild group, indicating MUC5AC may be a useful biomarker for RSV disease severity.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF PROBIOTIC BACILLUS COAGULANS UNIQUE IS-2 ON HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA SUBJECTS: A CLINICAL STUDY

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect due to consumption of capsule containing Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2, on serum lipids for 60 days. Thirty hyperlipidemic (Having serum cholesterol levels of more than 200mg/dl) subjects were divided into 3 groups (n=10). Two group subjects were allotted to receive a daily dose of two capsules of probiotic Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 (10X10 9 CFU/ capsule (Group A) and 20X10 9 CFU/capsule (Group B)) and third group subjects were received standard medication. Serum lipid profile was done at 0, 30 and 60 th day of the study period. At the end of study there were slightly reductions in total cholesterol (11%) and LDL (0.8%), whereas an increase in HDL cholesterol levels (3.6%). This data suggest that the strain Bacillus coagulans IS-2 has the potential of control in the serum cholesterol in humans suffering with hyperlipidemia.