Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corrosion of Fasteners in Wood Treated with Newer Wood Preservatives

Research was conducted to determine the corrosion rates of metals in preservative-treated wood and also understand the mechanism of metal corrosion in treated wood. Steel and hot-dip galvanized steel fasteners were embedded in wood treated with one of six preservative treatments and exposed to 27 °C at 100% relative humidity (RH) for 1 year. The corrosion rate was determined gravimetrically and the corrosion products were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Although the accepted mechanism of corrosion in treated wood involves the reduction of cupric ions from the wood preservative, no reduced copper was found on the corrosion surfaces. The galvanized corrosion products contained sulfates, whereas the steel corrosion products consisted of iron oxides and hydroxides. The possible implications and limitations of this research on fasteners used in building applications are discussed.
Nutrition, malnutrition and dietary interventions in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes both Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Diet, as a source of luminal antigens, is thought to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of IBD. Often the nutritional status of patients is significantly compromised, particularly in CD. Several factors, including drug-nutrient interactions, disease location, symptoms, and dietary restrictions can lead to protein energy malnutrition and specific nutritional deficiencies. Solid evidence regarding the accountability of certain dietary components in the etiology of IBD are lacking. With regard to malnutrition, its consequence are growth failure, weight loss, bone disease, and/or micronutrient deficiencies, although micronutrient deficiency in IBD in most cases does not tend to have any evident clinical manifestation, except with regard to iron, folic acid, and vitamin B. Nutritional supplementation is essential for patients with evidence of malnutrition to increase calorie and protein intake. Nutritional supplementation can also have efficacy in the induction and maintenance of remission in adults with CD, however it does not replace other treatments. Aim of this review is to discuss the role of nutrition and nutrients’ deficiencies in the clinical setting of IBD, and to analyze efficacy and safety of the dietary interventions in patients with IBD.
A note on religious participation and community involvement

ABSTRACT Building upon previous research and incorporating a newly constructed measure of religious participation assessing both attendance at religious meetings and involvement in religious groups, we (re)examine the association between religious participation and community involvement using data collected in a 2012 survey of persons living in small and rural places in Texas. Substantial support was found for the hypothesis that increased levels of religious participation are associated with increased levels of involvement in community-oriented actions. The multivariate logistic regression findings also suggest that community attachment and certain sociodemographic variables (i.e. level of education and length of residence) are significant predictors of community-oriented behaviors. Possible implications of the findings for researchers, public leaders, Cooperative Extension personnel, and community development practitioners are advanced.
PENGARUH DAR, DER DAN TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN FARMASI

This study aims to determine the effect of debt to asset ratio, debt to equity ratio and corporate governance on financial performance in pharmaceutical sub-manufacturing manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2017. The type of research used is quantitative research. The population in this study were all Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Sub-Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange totaling 10 companies, while the sample for this study amounted to 8 Pharmaceutical Companies. The data collection technique in this study is to use documentation and literature study techniques. The results show, 1) debt to asset ratio does not significantly influence financial performance, 2) debt to equity ratio has a significant effect on financial performance, 3) corporate governance has a significant effect on financial performance, 4) debt to asset ratio, debt to equity ratio and corporate governance simultaneously have a significant effect on financial performance. the coefficient of determination (R2) obtained is 0.637, meaning that the ability of the independent variable to describe the dependent variable is 63.7%, while the rest (100% - 63.7% = 36.3%). 36.3% are described by other factors outside the variables in the regression equation.Keywords: Leverage Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Corporate Governance, Financial Performance
COLLOID VERSUS CRYSTALLOID COLOAD FOR THE PREVENTION OF SPINAL ANEASTHESIA INDUCED HYPOTENSION OF ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION

Background Spinal anaesthesia is the standard technique for elective caesarean section, but hypotension remains the main complication with this technique. This hypotension has detrimental effects on both mother and foetus. To prevent hypotension, crystalloid or colloid coload with vesopressor may be an alternate choice. Aim To compare the efficacy of crystalloid and colloid coload in presence of phenylephrine infusion for the prevention of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension. Methods Forty subjects (40) are randomly allocated into two groups. Subjects were infused either crystalloid or colloid within 10 minutes after spinal anaesthesia (coload). Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and oxygen saturation were recorded in three minutes interval throughout the surgery. Continuous ECG monitoring was done. Adverse events (nausea, vomiting etc) if any were recorded in case report form (CRF). Â Phenylephrine infusion was continued at the rate of 40 mcg/min throughout the surgery. Results Demographic parameters were comparable. HR, SBP, DBP, MBP, Oxygen saturation all are comparable between the groups and within the group in various time period. There was no episode of nausea or vomiting and no requirement of rescue medication of phenylephrine 100 mcg intravenously. Conclusion There is no difference of efficacy of crystalloid and colloid, when use as coload with phenylephrine infusion for the prevention of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension. Â Key words â€“spinal anaesthesia, crystalloid, colloid, hypotension
Edema due to protein-losing enteropathy--a disorder rarely considered by nephrologists.

Abstract In the differential diagnosis, protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a rarely considered explanation of edema. Three such cases are reported in this article. Clinical presentations varied from severe generalized anasarca and respiratory distress to mild pitting edema on the pretibial surface. Hypoalbuminemia (< 35 g/l) was another common finding in addition to edema. The patients were carefully examined to exclude other causes of hypoalbuminemia. Two patients experienced diarrhea. Endoscopic studies (plus biopsies) for any mucosal lesion in the stomach and colon were also performed. PLE was confirmed by the positive radionuclide scanning results after infusing intravenous 99mTc human serum albumin (USA). Investigation for the etiologies showed intestinal lymphangiectasia in 1 patient, Menetrier's disease in another, and no recognizable cause in the third. The severe anasarca of the patient with intestinal lymphangiectasia didn't respond to corticosteroids and albumin supplement plus large doses of furosemide. She died of overwhelming pulmonary infection despite the use of powerful antibiotics (ceftriaxone and amikacin). We planned to treat the Menetrier's disease patient with somatostatin to decrease the exocrine activities of the intestinal tract. The patient with presumable idiopathic PLE had the least severe edema and was not treated with any medication. In addition to the above patients, another 3 patients with hypoalbuminemia and edema were also noted to have positive HSA scan results. However, 2 of these patients had systemic lupus erythromatosus and the third pulmonary tuberculosis and biopsy-proven membranous nephropathy. Treatment of their underlying diseases showed satisfactory remission of edema.
Framing for Sense Making in Whole-Class Mathematics Discussions

For nearly 30 years, education has been researching and implementing practices and teacher strategies to better support students to engage in more meaningful interactions with mathematics. In particular, moving away from teacher-centered approaches to mathematics learning and into more student-centered ones has been a focus. Whole-class discussions have been the subject of investigation in much of this research. Studying how teachers can better support students to discuss their perspectives on, work within, and pose questions about the mathematics of study has been one line of inquiry. Students need to have opportunities to make sense of the mathematics – to make decisions about what strategies to use, to engage with one another’s ideas, and to productively struggle to reach new, more complete understandings. Similar sense making-driven efforts in science education research have used the sociological construct of framing (Goffman, 1974) to examine students’ interactions with one another, the content, and their teachers (i.e., Hammer et al., 2005). My aim was to further understand a teacher’s work of framing and how that may or may not influence students’ interactions around the mathematics, particularly their engagement in sense making during whole-class discussions. To do so, I employed an explanatory case study design to study a 6th grade mathematics classroom. Based on a detailed micro-analysis of three videotaped lessons as well as teacher and student interviews, this study’s logic of inquiry followed six different phases. The analysis revealed that the teacher’s framing in this classroom mattered for the ways in which her students framed the activity and engaged in sense-making activity. Specifically, when the teacher framed the activity as a sense-making endeavor in which they were expected to be the authority, co-construct mathematical explanations, and to engage in productive struggle, the students did so. When the teacher engaged in less productive framings that were more teacher-centered, the students aligned with that framing as well. The implications of this study for teacher practice include the need to support teachers in setting and maintaining interactional expectations. In addition, supporting students to reach those expectations through particular framings is an added layer to consider beyond instructional practices.
The actions of the Brazilian agricultural sector in the context of climate change negotiations

Brazil has always maintained a prominent position in negotiations within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, playing a major role in setting increasingly ambitious goals and encouraging consensus among Parties. With the purpose of reducing GHG emissions from the agricultural sector and disseminating and financing good agricultural practices, Brazil developed a platform of sustainable technologies and public policies, as the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan (the “ABC Plan”). This article reviews the main milestones of Brazil’s role in the international negotiation on climate change, how these factors affected the Brazilian agricultural sector between 2009 and 2018 and the authors’ personal view on this context. The objective is to provide an overview of Brazil’s actions regarding the agricultural sector which contribute to the voluntary commitment assumed by the Brazilian government at COPs 15 and 21 and to provide a critical analysis of how these actions are being implemented. The main results show that low carbon agriculture has been consolidated as the main Brazilian strategy for sustainable rural development,but it is vital for our country to continue with these actions.
Plasma progesterone profiles in relation to postpartum ovarian activity in the swamp buffalo

Ovarian activity in 38 suckled swamp buffaoes (Bubalus bubalis) was monitored by rectal palpation, oestrus detection and plasma progesterone radio-immunoassay from calving to approximately 150 days postpartum. Three categories of ovarian activity were diagnosed clinically : A corpus luteum (CL) with detected oestrus (21%), a CL with nondetected oestrus (42%) and no CL with non-detected oestrus or anestrus (37%). Plasma progesterone levels confirmed the clinical diagnosis of the presence or absence of a palpable CL except that progesterone levels were low (<0.2ng/ml) when a CL was palpable in 67% of the cows between Day 30 and 60 postpartum. During the oestrous cycle, plasma progesterone levels were low (0.24±0.12ng/ml) during oestrus (Day 0), rose to detectable levels (0.42±0.21ng/ml) by Day 6, reached a peak concentration (1.51±0.35ng/ml) on Day 15 and then declined to basal levels (0.2ng/ml) on Day 22. A synthetic prostaglandin F₂α analog induced oestrus and ovulation in cycling buffaloes but neither a synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone nor a progesterone releasing intravaginal device was effective in initiating ovarian activity in anestrous buffaloes.
Medicine in sports training and coaching

Medical management of elite athletes, D. Kabisch drugs and sports, E.P. Gachev environmental adaption and physical training, J. Karvonen training at altitude, I. Iliv etiology, general treatment and rehabilitation of sports injuries, D. Shoilev heart rate monitoring for estimation of training intensity, P.G. J.M. Janssen nutritional factors in strength and endurance training, P.W. R. Lemon overtraining, J. Karvonen importance of warm-up and cool down on exercise performance, J. Karvonen mental training, S.E. Iso-Ahola.
THE ASCIDIAN MICROCOSMUS EXASPERATUS AS BIOINDICATOR FOR THE EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY IN ESTUARIES.

Rafael Metri 1 , Gésica da Costa Bernardo Soares 2 , Pablo Damian Borges Guilherme 1 and Luis Fernando Roveda 1 . 1. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Paraná, campus de Paranaguá, Rua Comendador Correia Junior, 117, CEP 83203-280, Paranaguá, PR, Brasil. 2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Campus Curitiba. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 05 June 2019 Final Accepted: 07 July 2019 Published: August 2019
Oil Spill Simulations and Susceptibility in Coastal and Estuarine Areas

A modelling system was utilised to simulate the movement and behaviour of oil slicks for two types of hydrocarbons, a diesel and another residual, considering hydrodynamic variations. Susceptible areas to oil touching were found in adjacent regions of two vessel manoeuvring zones, in two types of zones, one in a marine coastal and another in an estuarine environment. The evaporation rates were calculated for an estimate of the mass losses. For the maritime zone, the oil particles reached the vicinity of the beaches in approximately 4 to 8 hours after the beginning of the spill simulations, while for the estuary in approximately 1 hour. For the scenarios with diesel oil, mass losses oscillated between 13 to 16% in the estuarine region, and between 23 and 29% in the marine coastal zones. The evaporation rates for scenarios with residual oil, between 2 and 5%, were considerably lower than for diesel (15 and 22%), especially for spills simulated in the estuarine region, where the oil particles reached the lagoon banks after 1 hour. Mass losses by evaporation were more intense in marine coastal areas than for oil spills simulated in estuarine regions, possibly due to the more intense hydrodynamic conditions and the longer time that the oil needs to reach the coast. The fluctuations of observed environmental conditions justify the need for a robust number of simulations for reducing the uncertainties related to the oceanographic and meteorological variability that affect oil spill movement.
DEMOGRAPHIC FORECASTS AND VOLATILITY OF INVESTMENT RATES VS. LABOR PRODUCTIVITY TRAJECTORIES

In the article the authors attempted to develop the neoclassical model of economic growth, repealing two assumptions regarding the Solow growth model. First of all, the authors assume that the growth path of the number of employees is increasing asymptotically to a fixed value, not to infinity as in the Solow model. The growth paths of the number of employees were determined based on demographic forecasts and the economic activity coefficient, which in the paper is understood as the ratio of the number of employees to the number of people. Secondly, the authors repeal the assumption of a fixed investment rate by taking into account the trend of changes in investment rates (a growing or declining trend). The theoretical model obtained was subjected to calibration and then numerical simulations were carried out. It was assumed that investment rates in the Polish economy decrease (from 25 to 15%) or grow (from 15 to 25%). Numerical simulations were based on demographic forecasts for the Polish economy up to 2050. Moreover, two scenarios for shaping the economic activity coefficient were considered: realistic one when in the period 2000-2050 it increased from 0.38 to 0.5. In the second scenario, it was optimistic that the increase would be 50% higher than in the first option and in 2050 it would reach 0.56. Important conclusions from the study can be presented as follows: (i) the population decline can be offset by the growing economic activity rate and therefore does not have a negative impact on economic growth, (ii) the negative impact of demographic changes on economic growth can also be offset by growing investment rates.
Galactic Cosmic Rays Modulation in the Vicinity of Corotating Interaction Regions: Observations During the Last Two Solar Minima

Corotating interaction regions (CIRs) are responsible for short-term recurrent cosmic-ray modulation, prominent near solar minima. Using the OMNI data sets for two periods of low solar activity near the beginning and end of solar cycle 24, superposed epoch analysis was performed on the solar wind plasma features for 53 and 43 events during periods 2007–2008 and 2017–2018, respectively. Turbulent properties of the solar wind were studied using the variance method for each CIR. Power spectra have been constructed for overlapped subintervals in the vicinity of stream interfaces (SIs). Using measured correlation lengths and turbulent energies, parallel and perpendicular diffusion mean free paths for cosmic-ray ions have been inferred based on two distinct theoretical formulations. For the two periods with opposite solar polarities, our results show that unlike solar wind speed, magnetic field strength, flow pressure, and proton density are relatively higher during the latest period. Increased turbulent energy and reduced parallel transport coefficients of energetic particles at the SIs are observed. The diffusion coefficients follow the same trends during both periods. The perpendicular diffusion starts increasing nearly a day before SIs and is higher in the fast wind. Superposed epoch analysis is performed on the >120 MeV proton count rate obtained from the CRIS instrument on board the ACE spacecraft for the same events. The recorded proton rates have peaks half a day before a SI and reach their minimum more than a day after a SI and have a high anticorrelation with the perpendicular diffusion coefficient.
Understanding The Effects Of Ewom On Direct Sales Through The Information Adoption Model

In the direct sales industry, leveraging social networking sites has dramatically boost the industry to new heights. The need to understand the effects and influencing factors of eWOM messages on youth’s engagement in direct selling can provide an insight to the direct sales industry as well as to both business and government sector. Based on the Information Adoption Model, the present study proposed a conceptual framework to understand how eWOM communication influences youth in inducing purchase decision and intention to partake in MLM. Findings revealed that argument quality (M = 4.279, SD = .384), source credibility (M = 4.241, SD = .487) and tie strength (M = 4.035, SD = .486) positively impacts information adoption (M = 4.316, SD = .450) through information usefulness (M = 4.250, SD = .433) in the direct sales industry. Argument quality is found to have the strongest influence to information adoption among youths (r = 0.481, p < 0.001). The researchers concluded that the quality of the information (argument) perceived by the consumers will strongly influence whether the information will be perceived as useful and will lead to information adoption. The results signifies that the impact of central cues (argument quality) increases, the impact of peripheral cues (source credibility and tie strength) will inevitably decrease as stated and supported by O’Keefe and Jackson (1995). The researchers also affirmed that information usefulness and information adoption has a strong relationship (r = 0.529, p <0.05) which signifies that when the higher the information is proven to be useful, the higher probability the information will be adopted. In the context of this study, it would illustrate that when youth perceived that the direct sales product or service is useful, the higher probability that they will buy and recommend it in their social groups.
Production of PVDF-HFP nanostructured membranes for water purification by supercritical phase inversion

In this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) membranes for water purification were produced by supercritical phase inversion using a mixture of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) and ethanol as non-solvent. Different polymer concentrations (from 10 to 20% w/w) and ethanol amount by volume (from 1 to 50% v/v) with respect to SC-CO2 flow rate, were tested in order to study their influence on membranes morphology, surface area and porosity; supercritical processing was performed at a pressure of 200 bar and a temperature of 45 °C. Membranes characterized by a cellular morphology with a nanoporous substructure and/or by an homogeneous nanoporous morphology were obtained, changing the starting polymer concentration and the ethanol amount during the process. In particular, increasing the amount of ethanol from 1 to 50% v/v, an increase of membranes porosity and surface areas was obtained, and the membranes morphology changed from microporous with nanoporous cell walls to completely nanoporous, due to an increase of the non-solvent power that improved the in-situ gelification mechanism during the supercritical phase separation.
A Statistical Examination of Selected Handwriting Characteristics

The handwriting identification facet of questioned document examination suffers from the lack of statistical data concerning the frequency of occurrence of combinations of particular handwriting characteristics. While document examiners tend to assign probative values to specific handwriting characteristics and their combinations, judgments are often based almost entirely on the examiner's experience and power of recall. Since handwriting identification is a scientific pursuit, statistical data concerning frequency of occurrence of forms and combinations would seem to offer some promise for providing a basis for the opinions of document examiners.