Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the cephalometric pattern of Brazilian achondroplastic adult subjects

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the position of the cranial base, maxilla, and mandible of Brazilian achondroplastic adult subjects through cephalometric measurements of the cranio-dento-facial complex, and to compare the results to normal patterns established in literature. METHODS: Fourteen achondroplastic adult subjects were evaluated based on their radiographic cephalometric measurements, which were obtained using the tracings proposed by Downs, Steinner, Bjork, Ricketts and McNamara. Statistical comparison of the means was performed with Student's t test. RESULTS: When compared to normal patterns, the cranial base presented a smaller size in both its anterior and posterior portions, the cranial base angle was acute and there was an anterior projection of the porion; the maxilla was found to be smaller in size in both the anteroposterior and transversal directions, it was inclined anteriorly with anterior vertical excess, and retropositioned in relation to the cranial base and to the mandible; the mandible presented a normal-sized ramus, a decreased body and transverse dimension, a tendency towards vertical growth and clockwise rotation, and it was slightly protruded in relation to the cranial base and maxilla. CONCLUSION: Although we observed wide individual variation in some parameters, it was possible to identify significant differences responsible for the phenotypical characteristics of achondroplastic patients.
Atlantic Ocean CO 2 uptake reduced by weakening of the meridional overturning circulation

Uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean declined rapidly between 1990 and 2006. This reduction in carbon dioxide uptake was related to warming at the sea surface, which—according to model simulations—coincided with a reduction in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. The extent to which the slowdown of this circulation system—which transports warm surface waters to the northern high latitudes, and cool deep waters south—contributed to the reduction in carbon uptake has remained uncertain. Here, we use data on the oceanic transport of volume, heat and carbon dioxide to track carbon dioxide uptake in the subtropical and subpolar regions of the North Atlantic Ocean over the past two decades. We separate anthropogenic carbon from natural carbon by assuming that the latter corresponds to a pre-industrial atmosphere, whereas the remaining is anthropogenic. We find that the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide—released by human activities—occurred almost exclusively in the subtropical gyre. In contrast, natural carbon dioxide uptake—which results from natural Earth system processes—dominated in the subpolar gyre. We attribute the weakening of contemporary carbon dioxide uptake in the subpolar North Atlantic to a reduction in the natural component. We show that the slowdown of the meridional overturning circulation was largely responsible for the reduction in carbon uptake, through a reduction of oceanic heat loss to the atmosphere, and for the concomitant decline in anthropogenic CO2 storage in subpolar waters.
Aid for trade: Assessing the effects on recipient exports of manufactures and primary commodities to donors and non-donors

Considering that primary commodity dependence continues to be a major problem of various lower income countries, we analyze whether Aid for Trade (AfT) has helped recipient countries upgrade and diversify their exports. Estimating an asymmetric and aggregated gravity model, we find that AfT has been effective in promoting recipient exports of manufactures - whereas the effects on primary commodities are typically insignificant. These findings hold not only for trade relations with donor countries but also in south-south trade with other developing countries.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in a Selected Germplasm Collection of 292 Jute Genotypes by Microsatellite (SSR) Markers

Genetic diversity within the available jute germplasm has not been characterised in detail. Therefore, using 172 SSRs developed in our laboratory, we assessed genetic diversity and population structure in 292 genotypes (including both indigenous and exotic accessions) of two cultivated species ( C. capsularis L. and C. olitorius L.). Altogether, as many as 596 alleles (3.46 alleles per locus) were detected. The average values of PIC calculated over all the loci did not differ significantly in the two species (0.198 in C. capsularis and 0.203 in C. olitorius ). In C. capsularis , 112 markers (2.55 alleles per locus) and in C. olitorius 140 markers (2.75 alleles per locus) were polymorphic. During both distance based cluster analyses and model based structure analyses, most of the indigenous and exotic genotypes of the two species clearly delineated into separate groups. Basic statistics ( N e , I and H e ) revealed that the exotic genotypes were slightly more diverse than the indigenous genotypes in C. olitorius while the reverse was true in case of C. capsularis . In each of the two species, low level of population differentiation ( Fst ) was observed between the indigenous and exotic genotypes, which are also congruent with the results of AMOVA and Nei’s genetic distance, suggesting incidence of gene flow through germplasm exchange across countries. Seven pairs of most divergent genotypes of the two species were identified by pair-wise genetic distance analysis which could be useful for development of jute genotypes with improved fibre yield and fibre quality traits.
Factors Related to Deaths of under 5 Years Old Children in Dar Alsalam Area-Khartoum-Sudan

Aims: This study is done to identify factors affecting under five mortality in Dar Alsalam area, Khartoum. Study Design: This is a community based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in block 25 in Dar Alsalam area in Khartoum State during March- April 2012. Methodology: A total of 240 women in reproductive age who had an experience of child death were interviewed. The data was collected by semi-final medical students using structured questionnaire. Two stage cluster sampling was used to select the households. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with under-five mortality. Results: Age of 156 (65%) of the deceased children was less than one year, while the age of 84 (35%) was between one and five years. The age of (25%) of the mother at the time of their child birth was below 18 years. The majority of the mothers (70.8%) were illiterate, 74.2% were working and 80% were married. Of the children 51.7 were males and for 74.2% of them the birth interval was less than 2 years. Only 16.7% were breast fed for more than two years while the rest (83.3%) were breast fed up to 2years. Only 34.2% of the deceased children had completed their vaccination, and 68.3% had been admitted to hospital more than once before death. Half of the families have piped water in their houses, in 75.8% of the houses there are pit latrines and in 68.3% there is electricity supply. Logistic regression analysis identified incomplete vaccination, not employed mothers and having no latrines in the house as the factors related to the death of children between 1-5 years than those below one year. Conclusion: Under-five mortality in low socioeconomic areas is associated with Low family income, mother’s illiteracy, early marriage and absence of latrines in the houses.
Personality disorder, temperament, and childhood adversity: findings from a cohort of prisoners in England and Wales

Adverse childhood experiences and childhood temperamental features are known to contribute to the development of personality disorder. The aim of this study was to examine associations between personality disorder, childhood temperament, adverse childhood experiences, and victimisation. The Prisoner Cohort Study was carried out as part of the dangerous and severe personality disorder (DSPD) service development programme commissioned by the Home Office. The study comprised 1396 male offenders interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID II) to diagnose personality disorders in addition to reveal self-reported experiences of childhood victimisation and disadvantage. Independent and joint relationships were examined between reported temperament and adverse childhood experiences and Axis II disorders measured at interview. Prisoners with personality disorder reported adverse childhood experiences and victimisation more frequently than those with no personality disorder. Different childhood experiences were interrelated with specific personality disorder categories. Associations between temperamental features and specific personality disorders were increased by the addition of adverse childhood experiences (joint effects). A difficult temperament and childhood adversity increase the likelihood of personality disorder in prisoners and may be risk factors to target for future early intervention.
An Investigation of the Extraverts-Introverts Speaking Anxiety in English Classes

The present study aims at investigating the relationship between the extraversion level and speaking anxiety in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context on the one hand, and to testify the relationship between the extraversion degree and their speech fluency and speech accuracy, on the other hand. To this end, 60 advanced university students comprising 12 males and 48 females took part in the study at the quantitative phase, and 28 of them including 14 from the extraversion levels, and 14 from the introversion levels were observed on their oral performance at the qualitative phase. Based on Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation using SPSS in the quantitative section, the findings revealed a strong negative correlation between the extraversion level and public speaking anxiety on the one hand, and a strong positive correlation between the extraversion degree and speech fluency in the qualitative phase on the other hand. Speech accuracy revealed not to have any significant correlation with the extraversion degree. Indeed, extraversion-introversion seems to be one of the major personality differences that has grabbed the attention of the psycholinguists, in particular (Dornyei,2005); henceforth, it would be worthwhile to clarify the underlying characteristics of this construct to gain a more comprehensive view of this personality type indicator, respectively.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Modified Water Yam Flour ( Dioscorea alata ) on Diabetic Wistar Rats ( Rattus norvegicus )

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of modified water yam flour (MWYF). To prepare MWYF, purple, yellow and white water yam were autoclaved and cooled in refrigerator (repeted up to three times) prior to drying and milling. The hypoglycemic activities were evaluated by means in vivo test on alloxan induced diabetic rats, meal tolerance test (MTT) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis. A nested experimental design was employed in the experiment. The research showed that water yam modification by three cycle autoclaving-cooling treatment are able to increase resistant starch and dietary fiber content, thus able to decrease blood glucose level. After four week experiment, It was found that all MWYF exhibited ability to decrease blood glucose level in hyperglycemic rats as well as inhibit glucose absorption in MTT and increase SCFAs formation. The white MWYF exhibited the most significant hypoglycemic activity.
Mutant Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma EZH 2 Activity in Selective Inhibition of EZH 2 by EPZ-6438 Leads to Potent Antitumor

Mutationswithin the catalytic domain of the histonemethyltransferase EZH2havebeen identified in subsets of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). These genetic alterations are hypothesized to confer an oncogenic dependency on EZH2 enzymatic activity in these cancers. We have previously reported the discovery of EPZ005678 and EPZ-6438, potent and selective S-adenosyl-methionine-competitive small molecule inhibitors of EZH2. Although both compounds are similar with respect to their mechanism of action and selectivity, EPZ-6438 possesses superior potency and drug-like properties, including good oral bioavailability in animals. Here, we characterize the activity of EPZ-6438 in preclinical models of NHL. EPZ-6438 selectively inhibits intracellular lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27) methylation in a concentrationand time-dependent manner in both EZH2wild-type andmutant lymphoma cells. Inhibition of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27Me3) leads to selective cell killing of human lymphoma cell lines bearing EZH2 catalytic domain point mutations. Treatment ofEZH2-mutantNHLxenograft-bearingmicewithEPZ-6438 causes dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition, including complete and sustained tumor regressions with correlative diminution of H3K27Me3 levels in tumors and selected normal tissues.Mice dosed orallywith EPZ-6438 for 28 days remained tumor free for up to 63 days after stopping compound treatment in two EZH2-mutant xenograft models. These data confirm the dependency of EZH2-mutant NHL on EZH2 activity and portend the utility of EPZ-6438 as a potential treatment for these genetically defined cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(4); 842–54. 2014 AACR.
Epidemiological Study of Unnatural Death among Children’s in Varanasi Area (India)

Introduction: Children are the world’s most important resource. Pediatric autopsy mainly includes postmortem examination of unnatural childhood deaths up to the age of 19 years. Aim of the study: To determines the epidemiological features and highlight outcome of pediatric unnatural deaths in Varanasi area. Material & method: The present retrospective study has been conducted for the period of 5 consecutive years i.e. 2009 to 2013 based on autopsy record of the unnatural death cases among children’s deaths. During study period total numbers of unnatural death cases were 10195 and deaths among children’s were 1367.These cases were brought to the Department of Forensic Medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi and have been analyzed retrospectively. Result: Total number of cases which were autopsied in the 5 year study period was 10195 out of which 1367(13.41%) were pediatric unnatural deaths. Most of the unnatural deaths in pediatrics age 895 (65.47%) were in the age group of 12-19 years. In our study out of 1367 cases there were 773 males (56.55%) and 594 females (43.45%). 707 cases (51.72 %) died due to accident, most of the death due to road traffic accident. 41.33%. Rural habitat 88.37%. Hindu religions 89.83% and most of the death I summer seasons 38.99%. Discussion Death among children’s has a marked effect on resources and management outcomes in the family and community. An epidemiological assessment of causes of death among children’s is needed for increased awareness of health problems in this population group, allocating publichealth resources and appropriately developing strategies for prevention. Conclusion: Analysis of data for retrospective study suggests that age, sex, habitat, religion and manner of death significantly affect community.
Epitope specificity determines pathogenicity and detectability of anti-PDGFR  autoantibodies in systemic

Objective. This study aimed at cloning autoantibodies targeting the PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα) from B cells of one patient with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), to identify the epitopes recognized by these autoantibodies and develop novel assays for detection of serum anti-PDGFR  Methods. EBV-immortalized B cells were screened for expression of IgG binding to PDGFRα and inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fibroblasts. The variable (V) regions of anti-PDGFRα IgG were cloned into an IgG expression vector to generate distinct recombinant human monoclonal autoantibodies (rHumaab), which were characterized by binding and functional assays. The epitopes of anti-PDGFR  rHumaab were defined by molecular docking; surface plasmon resonance binding assays; screening of a conformational peptide library spanning the PDGFR  extracellular domains; expression of alanine-scanned PDGFR  mutants. Direct or competitive ELISAs were established to detect all the anti-PDGFR  antibodies be used to discriminate agonistic  SEM of three independent experiments performed in duplicate. Figure 4. Mutagenesis of the discontinuous epitope of the agonistic VH PAM -V  16F4 rHumaab. A , Visualization of the PDGFR  conformational epitope of VH PAM -V  16F4. Epitope surface amino acid residues composing the VH PAM -V  16F4 binding site
Influence of Product Innovation to the Advantages of Competitive in SME Processing Seaweed Through Performance, Marketing in West Beach Area, South Sulawesi Province

The research was conducted on 105 MSMEs Seaweed spread in West coast of South Sulawesi Province (Makassar City, Maros Regency, Pangkep Regency, Barru Regency and Pinrang Regency), which aims to test and analyze the effect of product innovation on competitive advantage by placing marketing performance as a mediating variable. The approach in this research using explanatory research. The results of hypothesis testing using Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of AMOS 22 provide proof that product innovation has a significant effect on marketing performance and competitive advantage. In other causality found the same conditions, that the marketing performance has a significant effect on competitive advantage. The role of marketing performance mediation in analyzing the effect of product innovation on competitive advantage through marketing performance is not proven to have any real effect.
“Twin deficits” in Greece: in search of causality

Abstract: The paper discusses the trajectories of the Greek public deficit and sovereign debt between 1980 and 2010 and its connection to the political and economic environment of the same period. We pay special attention to the causality between the public and the external deficits in the period after 1995, the post–Maastricht Treaty period. We argue that, due to the European monetary unification process and the adoption of the common currency, causality ran from the external deficit to the public deficit. This hypothesis is tested econometrically using both Granger causality and cointegration analyses. We find empirical support for this hypothesis.
Unemployment, Sick Leave and Health

This paper studies the relationship between sick leave, income and unemployment. In particular, it investigates this relationship under the generous German sick leave regulation of 100\% wage replacement, i.e., in an environment where workers do not bear any direct costs from missing work due to sickness. Using information from the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP) I identify three stylized facts of sick leave in Germany. First, sick days show a strong pro-cyclical pattern. Second, average use of sick days is hump-shaped over income quintiles. Third, the number of sick days is a strong predictor of becoming unemployed. Using this micro-evidence I develop a structural model that rationalizes these facts. I argue that in absence of direct costs of sick leave the fear of future unemployment is the main driving force restraining sick leave. I then use the model to do counterfactual policy analysis.
The Changing Nature of Probability Distribution of Daily Temperature: A Case of Coastal Zone of Tanzania

54 year datasets (1961 -2014) of recordings of the maximum and minimum daily (24 h) temperature in the coastal zone of Tanzania are analysed to test whether there is any significant (in statistical sense) trends in variability of daily temperature. In recent studies it has been reported that there are trends in mean temperature and other climate indices over Tanzania and many other countries worldwide. However, in Tanzania it is not clear whether there is also a trend in variability of daily temperature. In this study 3 meteorological stations (Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga) have been analysed for trends in variability using F-ratio test, least square method and Mann-Kendall trend test. The results indicate that the observed increasing/decreasing trends in variability of the maximum temperature are statistically non-significant at the level of 5% while the trends are statistically significant for minimum temperatures. Daily minimum temperatures for Dar es Salaam and Mtwara show an increasing trend in variability while a decreasing trend for Tanga station has been observed.
Aligning with One’s Own: Private Voting and Public Outcomes in Elections in Rural India

This paper has the objective of showing that identity based voting will lead to improvements in household welfare through increased access to welfare programs. Using newly available data from rural India, we establish that identity based voting will lead to enhanced participation in welfare programs and increased consumption growth. We also show that consumption growth is retarded if households do not engage in identity based voting. Using 3 stage least squares, we are able to show that identity based voting results from the externalities derived from membership in social and information networks, and such voting by enhancing participation in welfare programs leads to significant increases in household consumption growth.
Does SEC Rating Agency Certification Matter? The Case of A.M. Best

Some previous researchers such as Partnoy (1999, 2001) argue that the reputation of credit rating agencies such as Moody’s and S&P’s may result from designation as a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (NRSRO) by the SEC. By examining bond ratings for issues rated by A.M. Best and the yields of bonds rated by A.M. Best before and after the agency’s receipt of the NRSRO designation, we examine the impact of NRSRO designation on the ratings of a credit rating agency and whether investor perception of the agency changed after receipt of the NRSRO designation. A.M. Best is an American credit rating agency that has specialized in the insurance industry for over 100 years. The agency was founded in 1899 and was given NRSRO designation on March 3, 2005. A.M. Best likely possessed a high level of expertise in assigning ratings in the insurance industry as well as an established reputation prior to being designated as an NRSRO. By examining the ratings assigned by A.M. Best and the yields of the bonds the agency rated, our empirical results indicate that neither the ratings assigned by A.M. Best or yields of the rated bonds changed after A.M. Best received NRSRO designation. Our findings suggest that the NRSRO designation does not affect the rating of A.M. Best or the perception of investors toward the credit risk of the bonds rated by the agency. Our findings are different from those of Shin and Moore (2008) and Kisgen and Strahan (2010), which examine the NRSRO designation of Dominion Bond Rating Service (DBRS) in Canada.