Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Antigen-Specific Antibody and Cytokine Responses When Targeting Antigen to Human FcGAMMA Receptor Type I Using an Anti-Human FcGAMMA Receptor Type I-Streptavidin Fusion Protein in an Adjuvant-Free System

There is a continuing need for alternatives to current human adjuvants. Recombinant protein vaccines, which target antigen to human Fc gamma receptor type I (hFcγRI) on hFcγRI-expressing antigen presenting cells, provide one potential alternative. Using a recombinant anti-hFcγRI-antigen fusion protein and adjuvant independent mouse model, we demonstrate enhanced antigen-specific antibody responses to low doses of antigen, when targeting antigen to hFcγRI in vivo. Enhanced antibody production to hFcγRI-targeted antigen is evident in both primary and secondary immune responses, as compared to that of non-targeted antibody. Furthermore, antigen isotype and cytokine responses following immunization with hFcγRI-targeted antigen, suggest enhancement of both Th1 and Th2 responses.
Solar ultraviolet radiation from cancer induction to cancer prevention: solar ultraviolet radiation and cell biology

Although decades have elapsed, researchers still debate the benefits and hazards of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. On the one hand, humans derive most of their serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3], which has potent anticancer activity, from solar UVB radiation. On the other hand, people are more aware of the risk of cancer incidence associated with harmful levels of solar UVR from daily sunlight exposure. Epidemiological data strongly implicate UV radiation exposure as a major cause of melanoma and other cancers, as UVR promotes mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. This review highlights the impact of the different mutagenic effects of solar UVR, along with the cellular and carcinogenic challenges with respect to sun exposure.
Write Current Rise Time in Perpendicular Recording: An Experimental Study

Write current rise time effects in perpendicular recording are studied using a write driver with a variable rise time. The basic recording requirement that the write current steady state should be reached before the next transition can be written is verified experimentally. It is demonstrated that, as long as this requirement is met, the transition recording is surprisingly insensitive to the write current rise time. The experimental dependencies of magnetization switching time on write current rise time, amplitude, and shape are explained by the dynamics of write bubble expansion during recording process. The effects of media velocity and write current overshoot on switching time are also studied. Our results indicate that the intrinsic media switching time currently does not limit the recording process and is probably below 100 ps. The intrinsic head reversal time is the main factor limiting the achievable data rate. For a set of "healthy" recording components (well-saturated media, sufficient head field, high head field gradient), the recording process is virtually insensitive to the write current rise time as long as the write field waveform reaches its steady state before the next transition
Molecular and clinical evidence for an ARMC5 tumor syndrome: concurrent inactivating germline and somatic mutations are associated with both primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia and meningioma.

CONTEXT Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome, which may present in the context of different familial multitumor syndromes. Heterozygous inactivating germline mutations of armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5) have very recently been described as cause for sporadic PMAH. Whether this genetic condition also causes familial PMAH in association with other neoplasias is unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to delineate the molecular cause in a large family with PMAH and other neoplasias. PATIENTS AND METHODS Whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive clinical and biochemical phenotyping was performed in members of a PMAH affected family. Nodules derived from adrenal surgery and pancreatic and meningeal tumor tissue were analyzed for accompanying somatic mutations in the identified target genes. RESULTS PMAH presenting either as overt or subclinical Cushing's syndrome was accompanied by a heterozygous germline mutation in ARMC5 (p.A110fs*9) located on chromosome 16. Analysis of tumor tissue showed different somatic ARMC5 mutations in adrenal nodules supporting a second hit hypothesis with inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene. A damaging somatic ARMC5 mutation was also found in a concomitant meningioma (p.R502fs) but not in a pancreatic tumor, suggesting biallelic inactivation of ARMC5 as causal also for the intracranial meningioma. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis further confirms inherited inactivating ARMC5 mutations as a cause of familial PMAH and suggests an additional role for the development of concomitant intracranial meningiomas.
Female reproductive organ-sparing radical cystectomy: contemporary indications, techniques and outcomes

Purpose of review Surgical techniques to spare female reproductive organs at the time of radical cystectomy [reproductive organ-sparing radical cystectomy (ROSRC)] have been advocated to improve quality of life with respect to sexual and urinary function. These potential benefits must be weighed against the risk of inappropriate patient selection and related oncologic risk. Recent findings In this review, we describe the evidence to define the appropriate selection criteria to minimize clinical understaging. The literature provides small cohorts with intermediate-term follow-up to support oncologic safety, and thus ROSRC must continue to be evaluated with long-term studies. Pertinent techniques for ROSRC are described based on underlying anatomic principles. Lastly, studies on the potential sexual and urinary functional advantages are promising, but must be evaluated in light of the excellent baseline functional characteristics of those selected for inclusion. Summary ROSRC appears to provide measurable benefits to sexual and urinary function. However, the magnitude of these benefits is unclear and the selection of appropriate candidates requires further prospective study vis-a-vis oncologic control. ROSRC must be adopted cautiously until further data are available.
Do Financial Frictions Explain Chinese Firms’ Saving and Misallocation?

This paper uses Chinese firm-level data to quantify financial frictions in China and asks to what extent they can explain firmsâ€™ saving and capital misallocation. We first document features of the data, in terms of firm dynamics and financing. Relatively smaller firms have lower leverage, face higher interest rates and operate with a higher marginal product of capital. We then develop a heterogeneous-firm model with two types of financial frictions, default risk and a fixed cost of issuing loans. We estimate the model using evidence on the firm size distribution and financing patterns and find that financial frictions can explain aggregate firm saving, the co-movement between saving and investment across firms, and around 60 percent of the dispersion in the marginal product of capital (MPK). The endogenous financial frictions, however, generate a negative MPK-size relationship, which has important implications for total factor productivity losses.
Microsurgical technique as a method for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgery. Review of seven consecutive cases.

INTRODUCTION Vocal cord paresis or paralysis due to iatrogenic injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is one of the main problems in thyroid surgery. Although many procedures have been introduced to prevent the nerves from lesion the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy varies between 1.5-14%. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of the microsurgical technique as a method, which can help the surgeon to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the operative field. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen nerves in 7 patients were identified with Zeiss multidiscipline universal surgical microscope with a 250-mm ocular lens. All were female patients with mean age of 35 years (Range 16-53) and diagnosis papillary cancer. They were admitted and operated in the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases of the Higher Medical Institute in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. RESULTS In all patients the recurrent laryngeal nerves were successfully identified along their whole length from the inferior thyroid artery to their entering the laryngeal muscles. None of the patients had temporary or permanent vocal cord palsy. CONCLUSION Microsurgical technique could be a procedure of great value for prevention of the recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroid surgery, especially in reoperations, thyroid cancer or retrosternal goitre.
Down-regulation of MicroRNAs (MiRs) 203, 887, 3619 and 182 Prevents Vimentin-triggered, Phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated Cancer Cell Invasion*

Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Metastasis is initiated after epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). We have found a connection between EMT markers and the expression of four microRNAs (miRs) mediated by the signaling enzyme phospholipase D (PLD). Low aggressive MCF-7 breast cancer cells have low endogenous PLD enzymatic activity and cell invasion, concomitant with high expression of miR-203, -887, and -3619 (that decrease PLD2 translation and a luciferase reporter) and miR-182 (targeting PLD1) that are, therefore, “tumor-suppressor-like” miRs. The combination miR-887+miR-3619 abolished >90% of PLD enzymatic activity. Conversely, post-EMT MDA-MB-231 cells have low miR expression, high levels of PLD1/2, and high aggressiveness. The latter was reversed by ectopically transfecting the miRs, which was negated by silencing miRs with specific siRNAs. We determined that the molecular mechanism is that E-cadherin triggers expression of the miRs in pre-EMT cells, whereas vimentin dampens expression of the miRs in post-EMT invasive cells. This novel work identifies for the first time a set of miRs that are activated by a major pre-EMT marker and deactivated by a post-EMT marker, boosting the transition from low invasion to high invasion, as mediated by the key phospholipid metabolism enzyme PLD.
Late Domain-Independent Rescue of a Release-Deficient Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus by the Ubiquitin Ligase Itch

ABSTRACT Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) Gag utilizes its late (L) domain motif PPPY to bind members of the Nedd4-like ubiquitin ligase family. These interactions recruit components of the cell's budding machinery that are critical for virus release. MoMLV Gag contains two additional L domains, PSAP and LYPAL, that are believed to drive residual MoMLV release via interactions with cellular proteins Tsg101 and Alix, respectively. We found that overexpression of Tsg101 or Alix failed to rescue the release of PPPY-deficient MoMLV via these other L domains. However, low-level expression of the ubiquitin ligase Itch potently rescued the release and infectivity of MoMLV lacking PPPY function. In contrast, other ubiquitin ligases such as WWP1, Nedd4.1, Nedd4.2, and Nedd4.2s did not rescue this release-deficient virus. Efficient rescue required the ubiquitin ligase activity of Itch and an intact C2 domain but not presence of the endophilin-binding site. Additionally, we found Itch to immunoprecipitate with MoMLV Gag lacking the PPPY motif and to be incorporated into rescued MoMLV particles. The PSAP and LYPAL motifs were dispensable for Itch-mediated virus rescue, and their absence did not affect the incorporation of Itch into the rescued particles. Itch-mediated rescue of release-defective MoMLV was sensitive to inhibition by dominant-negative versions of ESCRT-III components and the VPS4 AAA ATPase, indicating that Itch-mediated correction of MoMLV release defects requires the integrity of the host vacuolar sorting protein pathway. RNA interference knockdown of Itch suppressed the residual release of the MoMLV lacking the PPPY motif. Interestingly, Itch stimulation of the PPPY-deficient MoMLV release was accompanied by the enhancement of Gag ubiquitination and the appearance of new ubiquitinated Gag proteins in virions. Together, these results suggest that Itch can facilitate MoMLV release in an L domain-independent manner via a mechanism that requires the host budding machinery and involves Gag ubiquitination.
Knowledge and attitudes of paramedical students in Saudi Arabia toward HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to build a baseline profile for knowledge and attitudes of Saudi paramedical students toward human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). METHODS The study was a cross-sectional one conducted on a sample selected from health institutes and colleges in Saudi Arabia during the calendar year 2002/2003. RESULTS A high percentage of students correctly perceive the risk presented by HIV/AIDS. Extramarital sex and unprotected sex were the most frequently mentioned risky behaviors. Misconceptions and lack of knowledge regarding transmission of HIV/AIDS were reported. Lack of knowledge on the means of individual protection, means of protection of infants of HIV/AIDS-infected mothers and means of protection of HIV/AIDS-infected individual's wife was observed. While friends were the main source of information among male students, booklets were the main source of information among females. More than two-thirds of students were willing to be tested for HIV. We observed negative attitudes toward discussing AIDS topics with others, home-care for HIV/AIDS individuals and HIV/AIDS-infected individual's right at work. CONCLUSION We found lack of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS transmission and means for prevention in addition to unfavorable attitudes towards HIV/AIDS individuals. We recommend an evaluation of HIV/AIDS information in the curricula of health institutes and health colleges in addition to conduction of a nationwide health education campaign on HIV/AIDS.
Orbital‐facial complications of sinusitis in children

Although complications of sinusitis in children have lessened remarkably since the advent of antibiotics, nevertheless they still occur. In a 25‐year period at the Hospital for Sick Children, 6,770 patients with the diagnosis of sinusitis were reviewed and 159 of these had orbital‐facial complications. Surgical intervention was necessary in 17 to prevent more serious complications. Although there were no deaths in non‐malignant disease, two patients developed permanent optic atrophy, presumably because of delayed surgical drainage. On occasion, malignant disease may simulate inflammatory processes.
Not “wage-led” versus “profit-led,” but investment-led versus consumption-led growth

Abstract:This paper offers a critique of the concepts of “wage-led” and “profit-led” growth based on an application of the circuit of capital macroeconomic framework. Wages are shares of capital outlays sustaining production and circulation of goods; profits are shares of sales. This ensures that the functional distribution of income and the level of output are jointly conditioned by the measure of aggregate demand relative to capital outlays. It is spurious to attribute causal significance to associations between functional distribution and output. The paper develops a series of comparative exercises to consider the relationships between the real wage, output, and distribution once functional income flows are understood not as a sharing of output but in relation to the expenditures funding them. This generalizes and challenges neo-Kaleckian appreciations of those relationships. Finally, the paper advances a new analytical and policy taxonomy concerning growth and distribution, centered on the distinction.
The Association of CYP2D6 Genotype and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Orthopedic Trauma Patients

The CYP2D6 gene encodes for an enzyme that is involved in the metabolism of more than 25% of all medications, including many opioids and antiemetics. It may contribute to the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), a common surgical complication. However, little research has been conducted in this area. The purpose of this study was to explore the association of CYP2D6 genotypes with PONV in adult surgical trauma patients. Data from 112 patients (28% female) with single extremity fractures, aged 18–70 years, were analyzed. PONV was defined as present if patients reported nausea, were observed vomiting, or received medication for PONV. Saliva samples collected for DNA extraction and Taqman® allele discrimination and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to collect genotype data that were then used to assign CYP2D6 phenotype classification. The incidence of PONV was 38% in the postanesthesia care unit and increased to 50% when assessed at 48 hr. CYP2D6 classification results were 7 (6%) poor metabolizers, 34 (30%) intermediate metabolizers, and 71 (63%) extensive metabolizers. No ultrarapid metabolizers were identified. Patients who were classified as poor metabolizers had less PONV and higher pain scores. Gender and history of PONV, but not smoking, were also significant risk factors. Findings suggest variability in CYP2D6 impacts susceptibility to PONV.
Dynamic regulation of circulating microRNA during acute exhaustive exercise and sustained aerobic exercise training

Non‐technical summary MicroRNA (miRNA) molecules are essential intracellular mediators of numerous biological processes including angiogenesis, inflammation, and mitochondrial metabolism. Recently, it has been shown that miRNAs are secreted into the bloodstream and that circulating miRNAs (c‐miRNAs) may serve important endocrine functions. This study examined plasma profiles of specific c‐miRNAs in healthy competitive athletes at rest and during exhaustive exercise testing, before and after a 90 day period of exercise training. In this setting, we observed four distinct patterns of c‐miRNA response to exercise: (1) c‐miRNAs up‐regulated by acute exhaustive exercise before and after sustained exercise training, (2) c‐miRNAs responsive to acute exhaustive exercise before but not after sustained exercise training, (3) c‐miRNAs responsive only to sustained exercise training, and (4) non‐responsive c‐miRNAs. These findings set the stage for further work aimed at defining the role of c‐miRNAs as fitness biomarkers and physiological mediators of exercise‐induced cardiovascular adaptation.
Educational and Social Inclusion of Children Admitted Under RTE Quota: A Survey of Private Schools of Bhopal

Status of growth and development of a society is measured by various social indices which depend on upon the equitable opportunities provided by the government in the form of access, participation, and transformation. Surveys in the last one decade, present to us glaring inequalities in social-economic and educational indicators of different socio-religious groups. Whenever policies and programmes do not benefit citizens, the government makes special provisions so that it would benefit them. The Right to Education Act (RTE) and within it 25% Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) quota was one such major intervention. The provision of 25% quota for EWS and disadvantaged children is mentioned in the RTE act section 12(1) (C). Thus, section 12(1)(C) of the RTE acts as a level-playing field for the children who were not able to afford quality education being offered in private schools. In Madhya Pradesh (MP), the RTE act came into effect from 2011. Bhopal the capital of MP had 2258 recognized schools and merely 223 have been covered under the RTE quota. Around 8162 EWS and disadvantaged students are studying in age appropriate classes. The present study was a small project work carried out in 10 schools of Bhopal (urban) covered under the RTE quota. The results indicated that though there is a social and educational inclusion of children in private schools but as per teachers' the ride is not a smooth one based on the responses of the students. Moreover, teachers still have a biased and unfavourable attitude towards these children. The gravity of the problem is not as big in the elite schools as they are not offering the EWS quota.
A Family Approach to Severe Mental Illness in Post—War Kosovo

Abstract This study describes the effects of a psychoeducational multiple—family group program for families of people with severe mental illness in post—war Kosovo that was developed by a Kosovar—American professional collaborative. The subjects were 30 families of people with severe mental illnesses living in two cities in Kosovo. All subjects participated in multiple—family groups and received family home visits. The program documented medication compliance, number of psychiatric hospitalizations, family mental health services use, and several other characteristics, for the year prior to the groups and the first year of the groups. The families attended an average of 5.5 (out of 7) groups, and 93% of these families attended four or more meetings. The uncontrolled pre- to post—intervention comparison demonstrated decreases in medication non—compliance and hospitalizations, and increases in family mental health service use. The program provided training for mental health professionals, led to policy change in the Ministry of Health, and resulted in dissemination to other community mental health centers. This study provides preliminary evidence that a collaboratively designed and implemented psychoeducational, multiple—family program is a feasible and beneficial intervention for families of people with severe mental illness in impoverished post—war settings.
Instructions emphasizing speed improves hemiparetic arm kinematics during reaching in stroke.

BACKGROUND Stroke severely compromises the capacity for skilled motor control including the ability to reach with the stroke-affected upper-extremity. Research incorporating intensive motor therapies has broadly demonstrated the ability to improve hemiparetic reaching post-stroke, yet the role of specific task parameters has received less attention. These task parameters, such as speed-of-performance, may be important to the structure and delivery of motor rehabilitation. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of task pacing demands on hemiparetic reaching strategies in survivors of stroke. METHODS Kinematic motion analysis was used to examine upper-extremity reaching patterns in 11 survivors of stroke. Participants were instructed to reach between two targets at a self-selected pace and as fast as possible. Outcome measures included maximal movement speed, accuracy, movement smoothness, and reaching strategies (anterior trunk flexion, elbow extension, and shoulder flexion). RESULTS Participants reached significantly faster and smoother during the task that emphasized speed while maintaining target accuracy. Participants used significantly less anterior trunk displacement during the fast condition, yet no change in shoulder flexion. CONCLUSION Task parameters that emphasize speed positively influence reaching strategies with the more-affected upper-extremity. Survivors of stroke were able to respond to changes in pacing demands while significantly reducing reliance on compensatory trunk movement. This outcome highlights the need to further understand the impact of task parameters during intensive motor therapies.