Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
dp5/HRK Is a c-Jun Target Gene and Required for Apoptosis Induced by Potassium Deprivation in Cerebellar Granule Neurons*

In cerebellar granule neurons, a BH3-only Bcl-2 family member, death protein 5/harakiri, is up-regulated in a JNK-dependent manner during apoptosis induced by potassium deprivation. However, it is not clear whether c-Jun is directly involved in the induction of dp5. Here, we showed that the up-regulation of dp5, but not fas ligand and bim, after potassium deprivation was suppressed by the expression of a dominant negative form of c-Jun. Deletion analysis of the 5′-flanking sequence of the dp5 gene revealed that a major responsive element responsible for the induction by potassium deprivation is an ATF binding site located at -116 to -109 relative to the transcriptional start site. Mutation of this site completely abolished promoter activation. Furthermore, a gel shift assay showed that a specific complex containing c-Jun and ATF2 recognized this site and increased in potassium-deprived cerebellar granule neurons. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that c-Jun was able to bind to this site in vivo. Finally, we demonstrated that knockdown of Dp5 by small interfering RNA rescued neurons from potassium deprivation-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that dp5 is a target gene of c-Jun and plays a critical role in potassium deprivation-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons.
Chorioretinal folds. A comparison of unilateral and bilateral cases.

We retrospectively reviewed the records, photographs, and fluorescein angiograms of patients with chorioretinal folds to compare features of unilateral and bilateral involvement. We studied 78 eyes of 54 patients and found that 30 (56%) of these patients had unilateral folds and 24 (44%) had bilateral folds. No significant difference was found in comparing visual acuity, refractive error, age, or race in the unilateral vs the bilateral cases. There were significantly more women in the bilateral group (P = .043). The frequency of causes of unilateral cases differed from bilateral cases, but this could not be statistically proven owing to our small sample size. This analysis contains the largest number of chorioretinal folds reported in the literature, and is the first attempt to compare unilateral and bilateral cases.
Dietary limitation of isoleucine and valine in diets based on maize, soybean meal, and meat and bone meal for broiler chickens

1. The dietary limitation of isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val) was evaluated in broilers. Common diets were given to all broilers from 0 to 28 d of age. Experimental diets were provided from 28 to 42 d of age. 2. The experimental test diet was based primarily on maize, soybean meal, and meat and bone meal, and formulated to satisfy all nutrient recommendations with the exception of Ile and Val. 3. Diets were supplemented with L-Ile and L-Val at either 0·5 or 1·0 g kg−1 of diet, alone or in combination. A diet composed only of commercially available amino acids and formulated to satisfy all nutrient requirements served as a positive control. 4. Body weight gain was depressed by the test diet, but recovered to a weight similar to birds fed on the positive control when Val was added to the test diet either alone or in combination with Ile. Feed efficiency improved when Val and Ile were simultaneously supplemented. 5. Abdominal fat yield was reduced with the combined supplementation of Val and Ile. Breast meat yield appeared to be more sensitive to Ile supplementation than to Val. 6. The results suggest that live performance may be more sensitive to Val, while breast meat yield was maximised with Ile supplementation. However, their combination is required for optimised growth and meat yield.
Mobile 3D assembly process information construction and transfer to the assembly station of complex products

ABSTRACT In the model-based definition design and manufacturing environment, 3D models have integrated the complete definition information of a product. Thus, they have been treated as the single data source for design and manufacturing stages in the product development lifecycle. Transferring the 3D models to the assembly station is crucial for facilitating the integration of the design and manufacturing processes of complex products and is full of challenges. This paper proposes a framework for mobile 3D assembly process information (API) construction and transfer to the assembly station of complex products with the purpose of providing direct and unambiguous assembly instruction to assembly operators, hence reducing their mental burden and improving the efficiency of assembly work. Within the framework, a dynamic assembly simplification method is investigated to support the downstream 3D API construction and transfer. After analysing the association relationship between assembly scene elements, an augmented reality (AR)-based method for 3D API construction and transfer is presented by merging the information of the assembly scene. The proposed approach has been tested on several test cases, and the results indicate that the improved dynamic assembly simplification method can search assembly features more efficiently compared to the divide-and-conquer algorithm and that the AR-based 3D API intuitively shows the assembly process.
Preferential amplification of AURKA 91A (Ile31) in familial colorectal cancers

In a previous genome‐wide effort we identified a novel candidate colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility locus by allelotyping tumors from familial and sporadic CRC patients. Familial cases harbored amplifications significantly more frequently in 20q13, indicating the presence of a putative oncogene within the amplicon. A kinase‐encoding AURKA is located in 20q13 and recently a Phe31Ile (91T>A) change of AURKA was suggested to function as a low penetrance tumor‐susceptibility factor. Association analysis suggested an increased cancer risk in 91A homozygous individuals. In addition, tumors from heterozygous individuals showed preferential amplification of 91A allele and were more aneuploid, important findings that have not been confirmed to date. To evaluate whether AURKA is a target for the observed 20q13 amplifications, we assessed the frequency of the 91T>A change and possible preferential amplification of either allele in 125 familial and 110 sporadic Finnish CRC cases. We observed a preferential amplification of 91A with a significant difference between the alleles in the familial group (p = 0.03). Furthermore, a trend between younger age at diagnosis and genotype in the familial group was observed (p = 0.06). Other possible AURKA germline variants were screened by sequencing 10 of the familial cases. The frequency and amplification patterns of the observed variants were assessed in a larger set of familial and sporadic CRC but no evidence on tumorigenic role of the other sequence alterations was obtained. Thus our results support the importance of AURKA 91A as a low penetrance CRC susceptibility factor. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antimicrobial effects of a microemulsion and a nanoemulsion on thogens and biofilms enteric and other pa

Some microemulsions and nanoemulsions may have antimicrobial properties and be effective anti-biofilm agents. We examined the abilities of two fine emulsions, designated BCTP and TEOP, to inactivate suspensions of vegetative cells of Salmonella spp. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 (VT-), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. BCTP is an O/W nanoemulsion of soybean oil and tri-n-butyl phosphate emulsified with Triton X-100, while TEOP is an O/W microemulsion of ethyl oleate with Tween 80 as emulsifier and n-pentanol as a co-emulsifier. BCTP was effective in reducing the cell numbers of L. monocytogenes, while TEOP was effective against all five organisms investigated. The abilities of these emulsions to reduce preformed biofilms of the five bacteria were also investigated. With the exception of the biofilm formed by L. monocytogenes, which surprisingly was not significantly affected by BCTP, all biofilms were inhibited by both BCTP and TEOP.
Diagnostic Utility of Conventional Radiography in Head Injury.

BACKGROUND Head injury is the frequent cause of morbidity and mortality and frequently encountered in emergency department. Radiological examination of the skull is an indispensable part in the management of patients suffering from head trauma. AIM To determine the accuracy of X-ray in detecting skull fractures, comparing the same with autopsy and CT evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medico-legal cases that died of traumatic head injury and brought for autopsy over a period of two years were included in the study. Only those cases were selected who had underwent both X-ray and CT evaluation prior to death. RESULTS When compared with autopsy, X-ray missed 19.1% of fractures while 11.9% fractures missed in contrast to CT scan. CONCLUSION Skull X-ray is of little benefit when a CT scan is obtained. It has no added advantage over CT scan. Whenever there is facility of CT scan is available, the patient of head injury should not underwent X-ray as it can only delay the diagnosis of an associated intracranial injury and exposes the already traumatised patient to harmful radiations.
The Influence of Fibrinogen and Fibrin on Thrombin Generation - Evidence for Feedback Activation of the Clotting System by Clot Bound Thrombin

Summary In plasma the bulk of thrombin generation takes place after a clot has formed. We therefore investigated in what way the clot influences thrombin generation in plasma. The forming clot withdraws thrombin from free solution. Consequently less thrombin activity is found and less thrombin-inhibitor complexes are formed. The thrombin that is adsorbed to the clot reduces the lag time before thrombin generation in intrinsically or extrinsically triggered platelet poor plasma as well as in platelet rich plasma. We investigated the mechanism of this activation. Clots were obtained by recalcification of plasma or by the addition of thrombin-like enzymes (Reptilase, Agihal) from snake venoms. They were thoroughly washed until the washing fluid was devoid of any detectable clotting enzyme activity. In platelet poor plasma (PPP), thrombin-induced clots shorten the factor Va-dependent lag-time of thrombin generation in the extrinsic system as well as the factor VUIa-dependent thrombin generation in the intrinsic system. Factor V or factor VII preparations that in itself hardly influence thrombin generation patterns aquire the capacity to shorten these lag-times when incubated with clot. The last washing fluid of the clot is inactive. Snake venom induced clots are not active either. Clots that are incubated in heparinised plasma for 1 h or more are as active as clots from normal plasma are. A role of factor Xa can not be excluded but must be minor because a clot made by addition of thrombin to plasma from which the factors II, VII, IX and X have been removed is as active as a clot from normal plasma is. When added to recalcified platelet rich plasma (PRP), in which the lag-time of thrombin formation is dependent upon activation of platelet procoagulant phospholipid activity, any type of clot shortens the lagtime before the burst of thrombin generation. Clots that are obtained by snake venom enzymes are also active in this system. This indicates that fibrin alone is capable to induce the procoagulant phospholipid activity in platelets. We conclude that three known thrombin-dependent feedback activations in the clotting system (factor V, factor VIII and platelets) are efficiently supported by thrombin bound to the fibrin clot and that there is an additional activating effect of fibrin on the procoagulant action of platelets.
Cisplatin-Induced Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Neonatal Rats, Developing as Solitary Nephron Unit Lesions

Cisplatin (CDDP)-induced renal lesions in rats prove a useful model for analysis of the pathogenesis of post-tubular injury-renal interstitial fibrosis. This study investigated the histopathological changes in 10-day-old neonatal rats induced by a single injection of CDDP (4.5 mg/kg). Compared with age-matched controls, on postinjection (PI) days 1 to 6, the number of apoptotic cells, demonstrable with TUNEL method, was significantly increased in CDDP-treated neonates, and there was no marked epithelial necrosis nor fibrotic lesions. Fibrotic lesions began to be developed solitarily around some nephrons with dilated ducts in the corticomedullary junction on PI day 10 and the lesions became more prominent until PI day 20. The α-SMA-positive myofibroblastic cells were seen exclusively in the fibrotic lesions. Additionally, the numbers of macrophages reacting with ED1 (specific for exudate macrophages), ED2 (for resident macrophages), and OX6 (recognizing MHC class II antigens expressed in antigen-presenting macrophages/dendritic cells) were significantly increased around the affected renal tubules. A greater immunoreaction for TGF-β1 was seen mostly in the renal epithelial cells of CDDP-treated neonates. These findings indicated that macrophage populations and myofibrolastic cells as well as TGF-β1 may be responsible for the production of neonatal renal interstitial fibrosis. Compared with CDDP-injected adult rats that develop extensive interstitial fibrosis (Yamate et al., J Comp Pathol, 1995), the formation of fibrotic lesions was delayed, and the lesions were limited to the area around the affected nephrons; this could be attributable to differences in renal morphology between neonates and mature kidney of adult rats.
Sexual risk behavior among youth with perinatal HIV infection in the United States: predictors and implications for intervention development.

BACKGROUND Factors associated with initiation of sexual activity among perinatally human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (PHIV(+)) youth, and the attendant potential for sexual transmission of antiretroviral (ARV) drug-resistant HIV, remain poorly understood. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of PHIV(+) youth aged 10-18 years (mean, 13.5 years) enrolled in the US-based Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study between 2007 and 2009. Audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI) were used to collect sexual behavior information. RESULTS Twenty-eight percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-33%) (92/330) of PHIV(+) youth reported sexual intercourse (SI) (median initiation age, 14 years). Sixty-two percent (57/92) of sexually active youth reported unprotected SI. Among youth who did not report history of SI at baseline, ARV nonadherence was associated with sexual initiation during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.32-6.25). Youth living with a relative other than their biological mother had higher odds of engaging in unprotected SI than those living with a nonrelative. Thirty-three percent of youth disclosed their HIV status to their first sexual partner. Thirty-nine of 92 (42%) sexually active youth had HIV RNA ≥5000 copies/mL after sexual initiation. Viral drug resistance testing, available for 37 of these 39 youth, identified resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in 62%, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in 57%, protease inhibitors in 38%, and all 3 ARV classes in 22%. CONCLUSIONS As PHIV(+) youth become sexually active, many engage in behaviors that place their partners at risk for HIV infection, including infection with drug-resistant virus. Effective interventions to facilitate youth adherence, safe sex practices, and disclosure are urgently needed.
Leveraging Experienced Consumers to Attract New Consumers : An Equilibrium Analysis of Displaying Deal Sales to Sell Daily Deals

Daily deal websites help small local merchants to attract new consumers. A strategy adopted by some websites is to continually track and display the number of deals sold by a merchant. We investigate the strategic implications of displaying deal sales and the website's incentive to implement this feature. We analyze a market in which a merchant o ering an experience good is privately informed of its type. While daily deals cannibalize a merchant's revenue from experienced consumers, we show that, by displaying deal sales, the website can transform this cannibalization into an advantage. Displaying deal sales can leverage discounted sales to experienced consumers to help a high-quality merchant signal its type and acquire new consumers at a higher margin. Signaling is supported through observational learning by new consumers from displayed deal sales. Nevertheless, the website may not implement this feature if signaling entails too much distortion in the merchant's deal price. We also nd that it can be optimal for the website to o er the merchant an upfront subsidy, but only if the website displays deal sales. Our analysis leads to managerial insights for daily deal websites. (
Practice parameters facilitating adoption of advanced technologies for enhancing neuropsychological assessment paradigms

Abstract Objective: Clinical neuropsychologists have long underutilized computer technologies for neuropsychological assessment. Given the rapid advances in technology (e.g. virtual reality; tablets; iPhones) and the increased accessibility in the past decade, there is an on-going need to identify optimal specifications for advanced technologies while minimizing potential sources of error. Herein, we discuss concerns raised by a joint American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology/National Academy of Neuropsychology position paper. Moreover, we proffer parameters for the development and use of advanced technologies in neuropsychological assessments. Method: We aim to first describe software and hardware configurations that can impact a computerized neuropsychological assessment. This is followed by a description of best practices for developers and practicing neuropsychologists to minimize error in neuropsychological assessments using advanced technologies. We also discuss the relevance of weighing potential computer error in light of possible errors associated with traditional testing. Throughout there is an emphasis on the need for developers to provide bench test results for their software’s performance on various devices and minimum specifications (documented in manuals) for the hardware (e.g. computer, monitor, input devices) in the neuropsychologist’s practice. Conclusion: Advances in computerized assessment platforms offer both opportunities and challenges. The challenges can appear daunting but are a manageable and require informed consumers who can appreciate the issues and ask pertinent questions in evaluating their options.
An empirical study on the relationship between properties of knowledge, network topology and corporation innovation performance

Drawing on a network perspective on interorganizational learning, this research argues that a corporation can enjoy better innovation performance if it builds reasonable network topology that provides access to new knowledge developed by other organizations. This effect, however, depends on corporations' absorptive capacity, or sound management of its available knowledge. Data from 151 corporations show that the interaction between absorptive capacity and network topology has significant, positive or negative effects on corporation innovation performance. This study develops a research model that links the properties of knowledge, network topology and absorptive capacity to predict innovation performance. This model may help decision makers of those types of organizations to effectively turn knowledge into actions by matching their firms' knowledge network topology and absorptive capacity to the particular properties of the knowledge that is going to be communicated.
The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution

An unprecedented level of confidence has recently crystallized around a new hypothesis of how living placental mammals share a pattern of common descent. The major groups are afrotheres (e.g., aardvarks, elephants), xenarthrans (e.g., anteaters, sloths), laurasiatheres (e.g., horses, shrews), and euarchontoglires (e.g., humans, rodents). Compared with previous hypotheses this tree is remarkably stable; however, some uncertainty persists about the location of the placental root, and (for example) the position of bats within laurasiatheres, of sea cows and aardvarks within afrotheres, and of dermopterans within euarchontoglires. A variety of names for sub‐clades within the new placental mammal tree have been proposed, not all of which follow conventions regarding priority and stability. More importantly, the new phylogenetic framework enables the formulation of new hypotheses and testing thereof, for example regarding the possible developmental dichotomy that seems to distinguish members of the newly identified southern and northern radiations of living placental mammals.
Validation of biomarkers for the study of environmental carcinogens: a review

Abstract There is a need for validation of biomarkers. Our aim is to review published work on the validation of selected biomarkers: bulky DNA adducts, N-nitroso compounds, 1-hydroxypyrene, and oxidative damage to DNA. A systematic literature search in PubMed was performed. Information on the variability and reliability of the laboratory tests used for biomarkers measurements was collected. For the evaluation of the evidence on validation we referred to the ACCE criteria. Little is known about intraindividual variation of DNA adduct measurements, but measurements have a good repeatability irrespective of the technique used for their identification; reproducibility improved after the correction for a laboratory factor. A high-sensitivity method is available for the measurement of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine. There is consensus on validation of biomarkers of oxidative damage DNA based on the comet assay and chromatographic measurement in blood while urinary measurements by chromatographic assays are well validated, and ELISA-based assays appear to lack specificity. Immunoassays for the quantification of adducts of N-nitroso compounds are useful for large epidemiological studies, given their sensitivity, the small amount of DNA required and their potential for rapid and high-throughput analysis.
Some conditions for the existence of f-factors

Let m, l, n be three odd integers such that m > l > n. It is proved that if a graph G has an m-factor and an n-factor, then it also has an l-factor. In addition, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of an f-factor, in terms of vertex-deleted subgraphs.
Alters Feature Space in Motion Processing

Attending to a particular feature modulates the activity of neurons throughout the visual field with the result that relevant features are enhanced while irrelevant features are suppressed. Do these modulatory influences merely lead to a gating of relevant features, or does attention have a direct impact on the representation of feature space, leading to a different percept depending on the content of attention? We observed that direction estimates of the static motion aftereffect drastically change when human observers attend to a stimulus whose motion direction differs from the one of the adaptor. This observation suggests that feature-based attention might operate by local magnifications of feature space between relevant and irrelevant features.
15 N-studies in severe renal failure. II. Evidence for the essentiality of histidine.

Urea containing heavy nitrogen was given intravenously to two uraemic patients. Essential amino acids were administered daily by mouth or intravenously. Protein from muscle samples and plasma protein was hydrolyzed. 15N-excess in the isolated amino acid nitrogen was determined. 15N was recovered in all the amino acids except in threonine, lysine, and histidine. The results were compared with those from a patient in severe post-traumatic catabolism. In this case, and in a previously studied healthy volunteer, 15N was recovered also in histidine from muscle and plasma protein. This difference in 15N-distribution between the uraemic patients, and the healthy subject and the patient in post-traumatic catabolism, supports the hypothesis that histidine is an amino acid which is essential in severe uraemia.