Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Status, Dietary Food and Nutrient Consumption Patterns in Monga Affected Area of the Northern Part of Bangladesh

Monga is a common phenomenon in the northwestern part of Bangladesh and food insecurity and nutritional problem are more severe. The purpose of the study was to assess the nutritional status, dietary foods and nutrient intake of the Monga affected people in the northern part of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the randomly selected 125 households in the Ramna union of Chilmari, by a well-designed semi-structured questionnaire. The results indicate that 45.5, 49.4 and 20.8% of children less than 5 years of age were stunted, underweight and wasted, respectively. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting of the school going children (aged 5-10 years) were also 35, 48.9 and 31.6%, respectively. More than half of adolescent were severely chronic energy deficient. The average per capita intakes of calorie, protein, fat, carbohydrate and total food was 2455.4 kcal, 55.06, 18.37, 512.58 and 1050 g, respectively. The most significant amount of the dietary energy comes from cereals (about 80%) and followed by potato and vegetables. In conclusion, high prevalence of chronic malnutrition (stunting) was recorded in the under 5 years children. Though it was observed that, the average per capita energy (2455 kcal) and food (1053 g) intake was satisfactory but the intra family food distribution was not in proper balance and their dietary intake highly monotonous.
Antioxidant Activity of Six Marine Sponges Collected from the Persian Gulf

Compounds especially from natural sources are capable of protecting against reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated damage. Therefore, there is a growing interest in novel substances exhibiting antioxidant properties. Several marine environments can provide a rich source of novel biologically active compounds. The aim of this paper is to evaluate in vitro antioxidant properties of six sponge species collected from Kish Island in the Persian Gulf. We evaluated the effects of different concentrations of the dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of six sponges on scavenging DPPH and OH free radicals. The activities of these extracts were compared with those of commercial antioxidants such as gallic acid. The maximum level of DPPH radical scavenging (0.234± 0.033 mg/ml) was observed for the methanolic extract of Pseudosaberites clavatus in the reaction mixture. Also, most of sponge extracts exhibited medium to high hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The results of this study suggest that marine sponges of the Persian Gulf are promising sources of antioxidants.
Polymorphism and Genetic Diversity of BAT25 Marker in Colorectal Cancer

1. Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry –Biology, Cheikh Anta Diop Universityof Dakar, Senegal. 2. Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Senegal. 3. Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry-Biology, Training and Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine (UFR), Gaston Berger University, Saint Louis, Senegal. 4. Department of digestive surgery and hepatobiliary-Cancerology, Grand Yoff Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
TESTING FOR PESTICIDE RESISTANCE IN LETTUCE APHID

Lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosely (Hemiptera: Aphidoidae), was first detected in New Zealand on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in Christchurch in March 2002. Lettuce growers immediately found the new pest difficult to control using insecticides. Failure of insecticides to provide adequate control could have been due to inadequate spray coverage because lettuce aphid prefers to feed in the interior of the lettuce or to insecticide resistance, which has been recorded in lettuce aphid in Europe. To determine the efficacy of topically applied insecticides on lettuce aphid in New Zealand, 12 pesticides were applied at recommended field rates with a Potter tower to apterous lettuce aphids on lettuce discs imbedded in agar. Only acephate (80.6%) and methomyl (90.7%) failed to give complete mortality after 48 hours at 18˚C. The concentration-mortality relationships for acephate, methomyl and pirimicarb were estimated and compared with data from Europe.
Evaluation and Reconstruction of Environmental Physics Courses

Higher education has a very big challenge in the era of disruption. The teacher college through the Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education has been recommended to revitalize the curriculum in accordance with the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework (INQF). However, this is still considered are insufficient, changes must be made to each subject resulting from revitalization. Therefore it is necessary to do an evaluation and reconstruction of the course. Reconstruction is the improvement of courses based on the need to review their relevance to the needs of everyday life. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and reconstruct the subject of Environmental Physics. Based on the evaluation of the Environmental Physics course at the Physics Education Study Program at the University of PGRI Semarang, it was found that the lecture material and learning methods needed to be changed by adjusting the needs. The results of the reconstruction of environmental physics courses are by integrating ethno-technology in the material and learning methods. With this integration it is expected that students will more easily understand the concepts of physics that are applied by society and how they affect the environment.
Modelling Water Discharge and Nitrogen Loads from Drained Agricultural Land at Field and Watershed Scale

This thesis examines water discharge and NO₃-N loads from drained agricultural land in southern Sweden by modelling at field and watershed scale. In the first stage of the work, the ability of DRAINMOD to simulate outflow in subsurface drains and that of DRAINMOD-N II to simulate NO₃-N loads in these drains was evaluated in field experiments. In addition, the ROSETTA pedotransfer model was used to estimate soil hydraulic properties required by DRAINMOD. In the second stage, DRAINMOD was integrated with Arc Hydro in a GIS framework (Arc Hydro-DRAINMOD) to simulate the hydrological response of an artificially drained watershed. DRAINMOD-N II and a temperature-dependent NO₃-N removal equation were also included in Arc Hydro-DRAINMOD to predict NO₃-N loading. Arc Hydro-DRAINMOD used a distributed modelling approach to aggregate the results of field-scale simulations, where the Arc Hydro data model described the drainage patterns in the watershed and connected the model simulations from fields through the stream network to the watershed outlet. GLUE methodology was applied to estimate uncertainties in the framework inputs. At field scale, monthly values of drain outflows simulated by DRAINMOD and NO₃-N loads simulated by DRAINMOD-N II showed good agreement with observed values. Good agreement was also found between observed and DRAINMOD-simulated drainage rates when ROSETTA-estimated Ks values were used as inputs in DRAINMOD. At watershed scale, temporal trend and magnitude of monthly measured discharge and NO₃-N loads were well predicted by Arc Hydro-DRAINMOD, which included uncertainty estimation using GLUE methodology. Sensitivity analysis showed that NO₃-N loads from the stream baseflow and N removal in the stream network processes had the most sensitive parameters. These results demonstrate the potential of DRAINMOD/DRAINMOD-N II and Arc Hydro-DRAINMOD for simulating hydrological and N processes in drained agricultural land at field and watershed scale. These models can contribute to improve water use efficiency in watersheds and to evaluate best management practices for preventing surface water and groundwater pollution.
WAVE DRAG REDUCTION DUE TO A SELF-ALIGNING AERODISK

The effect of a self-aligning aerodisk on the wave drag of a blunt slender body in a pitching maneuver has been numerically investigated. The self-alignment was realized by a coupling of the flow solver and a flight mechanics tool. The slender body was pitched with high repetition rate between $\alpha =0^\circ$ and $\alpha=20^\circ$ at $M = 1.41$. Even at high $\alpha$ the concept could align the aerodisk to the oncoming flow. In comparison to the reference body without a self-aligning aerodisk a distinct drag reduction is achieved. A comparison with existing experimental data shows a qualitatively good agreement considering the shock and separation structure and the kinematics of the aerodisk.
Assessment of cloud related fine mode AOD enhancements based on AERONET SDA product

Abstract. AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork), which is a network of ground-based sun photometers, produces a data product called the aerosol spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) that utilizes spectral total aerosol optical depth (AOD) data to infer the component fine- and coarse-mode optical depths at 500 nm. Based on its assumptions, SDA identifies cloud optical depth as the coarse-mode AOD component and therefore effectively computes the fine-mode AOD also in mixed cloud–aerosol observations. Therefore, it can be argued that the more representative AOD for fine-mode fraction should be based on all direct sun measurements and not only on those cloud screened for clear-sky conditions, i.e., on those from level 1 (L1) instead of level 2 (L2) in AERONET. The objective of our study was to assess, including all the available AERONET sites, how the fine-mode AOD is enhanced in cloudy conditions, contrasting SDA L1 and L2 in our analysis. Assuming that the cloud screening correctly separates the cloudy and clear-sky conditions, then the increases in fine-mode AOD can be due to various cloud-related processes, mainly by the strong hygroscopic growth of particles in the vicinity of clouds and in-cloud processing leading to growth of accumulation mode particles. We estimated these cloud-related enhancements in fine-mode AOD seasonally and found, for instance, that in June–August season the average over all the AERONET sites was 0.011, when total fine-mode AOD from L2 data was 0.154; therefore, the relative enhancement was 7 %. The enhancements were largest, both absolutely and relatively, in East Asia; for example, in June–August season the absolute and relative differences in fine-mode AOD, between L1 and L2 measurements, were 0.022 and 10 %, respectively. Corresponding values in North America and Europe were about 0.01 and 6–7 %. In some highly polluted areas, the enhancement is greater than these regional averages, e.g., in Beijing region and in June–July–August (JJA) season the corresponding absolute values were about 0.1. It is difficult to separate the fine-mode AOD enhancements due to in-cloud processing and hygroscopic growth, but we attempted to get some understanding by conducting a similar analysis for SDA-based fine-mode Angstrom exponent (AE) patterns. Moreover, we exploited a cloud parcel model, in order to understand in detail the relative role of different processes. We found that in marine conditions, were aerosol concentration are low and cloud scavenging is efficient, the AE changes in opposite direction than in the more polluted conditions, were hygroscopic growth of particles leads to a negative AE change.
Formulation and Characterization of Itraconazole Oral Nanosuspension: Methyl Cellulose as Promising Stabilizer

Itraconazole (ITZ), a broad spectrum antifungal, is used orally for the treatment of wide range of systemic fungal diseases; it’s extremely poor water solubility mainly causes erratic absorption and low bioavailability. This study aimed to prepare ITZ oral nanosuspensions with enhanced stability and dissolution rate for paediatrics and geriatrics who finds difficulty in swallowing. A simple and scalable, acid-base precipitation method was adopted. Methylcellulose (MC) was investigated as a new stabilizer among other polymeric and surfactant stabilizers including poloxamer 188 (P188), poloxamer 407 (p407), sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), polyvinyl pyrrolidone K25 (PVP) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose E15 (HPMC) at different concentrations. The results revealed that all formulations, except for those stabilized with PVP, were in sub-micron ranges of 314-968 nm and polydispersity index of less than 0.4. Thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction studies and scanning electron microscope imaging showed reduced crystallinity of ITZ, which resulted in enhanced dissolution rate of 10-110 fold increases in the dissolution efficiency (DE) for the prepared nanosuspension compared to untreated ITZ and comparable to the commercially available product. MC proved to be successful in achieving a stable nanosuspension.
On uncertainty and investment rates : with empirical analysis of developed economies

This thesis investigates the impact of uncertainty on investment rates. The theoretical and empirical literature on the subject is surveyed before I do an empirical analysis on investment data for 14 developed economies from 1991-2008. There are three main results from this analysis: I confirm the conclusion of most studies that uncertainty overall has a negative impact on investments. I find no evidence of non-monotonicity or even nonlinearity in the effect based on the level of uncertainty. This has been found in other recent studies. On the other hand, I explain theoretically and show that there is a non-linearity in the effect of uncertainty on investment based on the direction of stock market price movements the previous year. This has not been investigated before.
Internet Usage and Traditional Distribution Channels: The Moderating Effect of the Firm’s Size in Jordan

Internet importance and effect is increasing in every part of daily life, especially in business where internet can provide some serious solutions for many issues, it can alter many traditional methods and procedures that would include distribution. Distribution channels are traditionally the organization, or set of organizations, responsible for delivering a product from the manufacturer to the end-users, Internet has affected traditional distribution channels in developed countries and markets, as a matter of fact; internet itself can be viewed as a new distribution channel. Accordingly, this study aims at identifying the effect of internet usage on the traditional distribution channels in Jordanian private commercial firms in terms of creating new direct online sales channel and reducing the numbers of intermediaries. The study also examines the moderating effect of firm’s size on the original relation between internet usage and traditional distribution channels. In order to achieve these objectives, two main hypotheses were formed based on the literature review. A regulated research methodology was applied to test the hypotheses over a proportional systematic random sample from large, medium, and small private commercial firms in Jordan. A questionnaire was constructed and distributed to top and middle management of private commercial firms in Jordan. 904 screened and filtered questionnaires were processes using SPSS. The results of the statistical analysis were demonstrated. The study had shown that internet partly effect traditional distribution channels, the effect is limited to creating new direct online channel, and even this effect is weak, and got even weaker as the firms size got smaller.
NPM Reforms in Napoleonic Countries: A Comparative Study of Management Accounting Innovations in Greek and Italian Municipalities

ABSTRACT This is a comparative study of the rationale and effects of management accounting innovations in Greek and Italian municipalities, as part of the NPM reform in the public sector. This article aims to understand the extent of adoption of accounting innovations in Greek and Italian municipalities, and the factors affecting the specific techniques in use. The study reports on a survey based on medium-sized and large Italian and Greek municipalities, targeted at public municipalities’ accountants, the users of accounting techniques. The study identifies the intended purposes of NPM reform and, particularly, management accounting innovations, analyzes a set of factors that affect the implementation of management accounting technologies, and discusses determinants and features of such innovation on a comparative perspective.
Comparison of a population of Eastern Red-backed Salamanders, Plethodon cinereus, under native dominant wood coverboards and natural cover objects.

Artificial cover objects or coverboards have been widely used to study Eastern Red-backed Salamanders ( Plethodon cinereus ), a species that is very abundant in eastern North America and known to be one of the most common vertebrates within its geographical range. However, recent studies have suggested that potential bias may be associated with the use of coverboards compared with natural cover objects. In this study, age structure and body size (weight and snout-vent length, SVL) of P. cinereus found under coverboards and natural cover objects at Lake Clair (Quebec, Canada) were compared. Coverboards were made of Sugar Maple ( Acer sacchrum ), a native forest species dominant in the study area. In 2004 and 2005, a total of 162 P. cinereus were found under coverboards, and 156 P. cinereus were found under natural cover objects. No significant difference in the age structure, mean weight, or SVL of P. cinereus was observed between the two sets. This study suggests that the type of coverboard used at Lake Clair is a good method to obtain an accurate index of P. cinereus population demographics, and is similar to that expected under natural cover objects. This technique should help to establish a standard protocol that could better allow direct comparisons among studies in the future. However, more studies are needed to explain the high proportion of adult specimens found under both cover types at Lake Clair relative to studies in other regions in North America.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION , ACCEPTABILITY OF THREE TEPHROSIA SPECIES AND USE OF TEPHROSIA PURPEREA AS SUPPLEMENT FOR GRAZING ANIMALS IN THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS OF CAMEROON

The study was carried out to investigate the suitability of utilizing Tephrosia species in the feeding of small ruminant livestock. It involved the laboratory assessment of nutritive and anti-nutritive components of three Tephrosia species. Forage acceptability of the species using cafeteria method with eight adult goats and effect of feeding the most preferred specie to grazing goats. The species studied were T. candida (Roxb) D. C. , T. purpurea (L) Pers, and T. vogelii (Hemsley) A gray. These values are within the ranges considered adequate for goats. The concentration of tannins, saponins, oxalic acid and phytic acid were low. Differences in the relative preference index (%) were significantly different with an average of 80.4 for T. purpurea, 67.7 for T. vogelii and 19.9 for T. candida. Total body weight of grazing animal supplemented with T. purpurea was significantly higher than those without supplement by 2.19kg. The results showed that these Tephrosia species have good level of nutrients save level of anti-nutritional factors and therefore can be used as supplement to animals grazing on poor paddocks.
Genomic scan for identifying candidate genes for paratuberculosis resistance in sheep

Breeding objectives relating to health, functional traits and welfare need to receive priority in the research programs and selection schemes, but very few reports are available on natural resistant genotypes in livestock, where some important diseases cause severe economic losses and pose serious zoonotic threats. In this study, diagnosis of paratuberculosis was performed on 759 adult sheep, from a single flock, with the serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; 100 sheep were selected among the extreme divergent animals for the S/P ratio obtained from the test, and were genotyped on the Illumina Ovine SNP50K BeadChip. A genome-wide scan was then performed on the individual marker genotypes, in the attempt to identify genomic regions associated with disease resistance in sheep. For each marker, the allelic substitution effect was calculated by regressing the S/P value on the number of copies of the reference allele. The position on the OARv3.1 Genome Assembly was searched for 32 markers, which showed a statistically significant allelic substitution effect (Raw P < 0.0006 and FDR P < 0.09). All markers were located within, or close to, annotated genes. Five of these genes, SEMA3, CD109, PCP4, PRDM2 and ITFG2 are referred in literature to play a role in either disease resistance or cell-mediated immune response.
On the extratropical influence of variations of the upper tropospheric equatorial zonal mean zonal wind during boreal winter

AbstractVariations in the global tropospheric zonal-mean zonal wind [U] during boreal winter are investigated using rotated empirical orthogonal functions applied to monthly means. The first two modes correspond to the northern and southern annular mode and modes 3 and 4 represent variability in the tropics. One is related to El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the other has variability that is highly correlated with the time series of [U] at 150 hPa between 5°N and 5°S [U150]E and is related to activity of the Madden–Julian oscillation. The extratropical response to [U150]E is investigated using linear regressions of 500-hPa geopotential height onto the [U150]E time series. Use is made of reanalysis data and of the ensemble mean output from a relaxation experiment using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model in which the tropical atmosphere is relaxed toward reanalysis data. The regression analysis reveals that a shift of the Aleutian low and a wave train across the North Atlantic are .
Complex Dynamic Systems also Predict Dissociations, but They Do Not Reduce to Autonomous Components

Dissociations, according to the target articles, are due to damaged autonomous phonologic (or spelling) representations. However, a damaged recurrentnetwork model may also produce dissociations. Recurrent networks do not entail autonomous components. They are strongly nonlinear dynamic systems that self-organise through recurrent feedback. A simple model with these properties that produces both regularisation errors (PINT named to rhyme with MINT) and semantic errors (BUSH named as TREE) is described. It may also produce dissociations between "spoken" responses and "written" responses. The mathematical basis of this model is motivated by contemporary neurobiological accounts that also derive from dynamic systems theory. The mathematical basis may also predict multistability and metastability. These are indicated by hysteresis and 1/f noise, respectively, and we review recent reports of these phenomena in speech perception and word recognition. In addition, feedback has been corroborated in the feedback co.
Post-ISCO Ringdown Amplitudes in Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral

We study the late time gravitational wave emission from an extreme mass ratio inspiralling binary system. The plunge trajectory from the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) is special (somewhat independent of initial conditions). We write an expression for its solution in closed-form and for the emitted waveform. In particular we extract an expression for the associated black-hole ringdown amplitudes.
Cytosolic Ca 2+ levels in CO25 myoblast cells bearing a human N-ras oncogene after stimulation by thap- sigargin and growth factors

The levels of intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ )i were examined in CO25 myoblast cells bearing a mutated human N-ras oncogene, after stimulation by thapsigargin (ThG), bombesin and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Thapsigargin induced a (Ca 2+ )i rise mostly from intracellular calcium pools, and a small Ca 2+ entry into cytoplasm via the plasma membrane channel. In both ras-induced and differentiated CO25 cells, (Ca 2+ )i increase showed a similar pattern of events after addition of ThG. The addition of EGF and bombesin to both ras-induced and differentiated cells did not induce Ca 2+ mobilization, suggesting that the cells may not have receptors for the ligands, or desensitization of the receptors may have occured by a different signalling pathway such as stimulation of protein kinase C