Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WATER DEMAND, CROP COEFFICIENT AND UNCOUPLING FACTOR OF COWPEA IN THE EASTERN AMAZON

Cowpea has great socioeconomic importance in the northeastern part of Pará state. However, in order to provide suitable irrigation management during the dry period this region requires solid information regarding water demand by regional crops. This research aims to determine the water demand, the crop coefficient (Kc) and the uncoupling factor during the different development stages of cowpea in the northeast of Pará. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was measured by drainage lysimeters. This information was coupled to the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to obtain the crop coefficients, which were used to adjust the model function of accumulated degree-days and the leaf area index (LAI). The uncoupling factor was estimated to indicate the factors that control evapotranspiration. The ETc values reached a cumulative total of 267.73 mm ± 10.21 mm during the cowpea cycle. The average value of the uncoupling factor was 0.66. This indicates that the cowpea crop does not fully uncouple from the atmosphere underneath the climatic conditions in northeast Pará. The cowpea Kc values presented averages of 0.8, 1.4 and 0.8 in the vegetative phase, reproductive phase and final stage, respectively. The Gaussian model showed an excellent fit for the estimation of Kc values based on accumulated degree days and the LAI. These amounts differ from others found in the literature. Therefore, it reinforces the necessity for an assessment of crop coefficients under local conditions and for the employment of more precise methods.
DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY

Economic growth is essential for the achievement of the twin goals of a sustained reduction in unemployment and inflation. However East African countries have the challenge of raising their economic growth rates and eventually translating it to lower unemployment and poverty levels. It is with this regard that this research entailed investigating the major determinants of economic growth for Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. The study relied on the endogenous growth theory to assess the major determinants of economic growth using secondary data for the period 2000 to 2013. Both random effects and fixed effects unbalanced panel regression approaches were estimated. However, fixed effects regression model was adopted in the study since it was found to be appropriate after carrying out Hausman test. The findings showed a positive significant effect for FDI and M2 at 5% and 10% significant levels respectively on explaining cross country different economic growth rates. These results are consistent with the theories of economic growth and growth literature. The study recommends that relevant policies promoting FDI and financial deepening to be formulated and implemented so as to ensure sustained economic growth in East Africa Community Member states.
Variation in p-phrasing in Bengali

in Bengali is analyzed in terms of free ranking of constraints (Ito and Mester 1997). It is argued that the variation in Bengali supports a new approach to the relation between syntactic and phonological phrases: internal phonological phrase boundaries are seen to result from output-to-output faithfulness to phrase boundaries of maximal projections occurring in isolation. Further, it is also argued that variation in complex forms may be inherited from simpler forms via output-to-output faithfulness, supporting a suggestion of Elenbaas (1999). 3
Awange, J. L. (2017). Large-Scale Total Water Storage and Water Flux Changes over the Arid and Semiarid Parts of the Middle East from GRACE and Reanalysis Products. Surveys in Geophysics, 38(3), 591-615. DOI: 10.1007/s10712-016-9403-1

Previous studies indicate that water storage over a large part of the Middle East has been decreased over the last decade. Variability in the total (hydrological) water flux (TWF, i.e., precipitation minus evapotranspiration minus runoff) and water storage changes of the Tigris–Euphrates river basin and Iran’s six major basins (Khazar, Persian, Urmia, Markazi, Hamun, and Sarakhs) over 2003–2013 is assessed in this study. Our investigation is performed based on the TWF that are estimated as temporal derivatives of terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) products and those from the reanalysis products of ERA-Interim and MERRA-Land. An inversion approach is applied to consistently estimate the spatio-temporal changes of soil moisture and groundwater storage compartments of the seven basins during the study period from GRACE TWS, altimetry, and land surface model products. The influence of TWF trends on separated water storage compartments is then explored. Our results, estimated as basin averages, indicate negative trends in the maximums of TWF peaks that reach up to -5.2 and -2.6 (mm/month/year) over 2003–2013, respectively, for the Urmia and Tigris–Euphrates basins, which are most likely due to the reported meteorological drought. Maximum amplitudes of the soil moisture compartment exhibit negative trends of -11.1, -6.6, -6.1, -4.8, -4.7, -3.8, and -1.2 (mm/year) for Urmia, Tigris–Euphrates, Khazar, Persian, Markazi, Sarakhs, and Hamun basins, respectively. & E. Forootan ForootanE@cardiff.ac. uk 1 School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 11365-4563, Iran 2 School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park PL, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK 3 Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany 4 School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK 5 Department of Water Resources Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran 6 Western Australian Centre for Geodesy, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley, Perth, WA 6845, Australia 123 Surv Geophys (2017) 38:591–615 DOI 10.1007/s10712-016-9403-1
On the Absence of Non-thermal X-Ray Emission around Runaway O Stars

Theoretical models predict that the compressed interstellar medium around runaway O stars can produce high-energy non-thermal diffuse emission, in particular, non-thermal X-ray and γ-ray emission. So far, detection of non-thermal X-ray emission was claimed for only one runaway star, AE Aur. We present a search for non-thermal diffuse X-ray emission from bow shocks using archived XMM-Newton observations for a clean sample of six well-determined runaway O stars. We find that none of these objects present diffuse X-ray emission associated with their bow shocks, similarly to previous X-ray studies toward ζ Oph and BD+43°3654. We carefully investigated multi-wavelength observations of AE Aur and could not confirm previous findings of non-thermal X-rays. We conclude that so far there is no clear evidence of non-thermal extended emission in bow shocks around runaway O stars.
Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from aerial parts of Artemisia herba-alba grown in Tunisian semi-arid region

Essential oils and their components are becoming increasingly popular as naturally occurring antioxidant agents. In this work, the composition of essential oil in Artemisia herba-alba from southwest Tunisia, obtained by hydrodistillation was determined by GC/MS. Eighteen compounds were identified with the main constituents namely, α-thujone (24.88%), germacrene D (14.48%), camphor (10.81%), 1,8-cineole (8.91%) and β-thujone (8.32%). The oil was screened for its antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching and reducing power assays. The essential oil of A. herba-alba exhibited a good antioxidant activity with all assays with dose dependent manner and can be attributed to its presence in the oil. Key words: Artemisia herba alba, essential oil, chemical composition, antioxidant activity.
Tax Revenue and Economic Growth in Ghana: A Cointegration Approach

This study examines the effect of tax revenue on economic growth in Ghana using quarterly data for the period 1986 to 2010 within the VAR framework. The study found that there exist both short run and long run relationship between economic growth and tax revenue. The result indicated a unidirectional causality between tax revenue and economic growth and it flows from tax revenue to economic growth. The result suggests that tax revenue exerted a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth both in the long-run and short-run implying that tax revenue enhances economic growth in Ghana. The study recommended that the tax base need to be widened and the tax rates reduced in order to generate more revenue. It was recommended that the government should improve tax collection measures in order to generate more revenue so as to increase economic growth in Ghana.
Antimutagenicity and Anticancer Effects of Citrus Medica Fruit Juice

Currently cancer is considered as one of the main factors of mortality globally. Many chemicals in our environment can cause genetic mutations and are potentially responsible for millions of cancer-related deaths. Nowadays the scientists are looking for food materials which can potenthially prevent the cancer occurrence. The purpose of this research is to examine antimutagenicity and anticancer effect of Citrus Medica fruit juice . In present study human astrocytoma cancercells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco),supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum,peniciline-streptomycin,L-glutamineand incubated at 37 oC for 2 days.In addition cancer cell line were treated by half-ripe and ripe Citrus Medica fruit juice and cellular vital capacity was determined by MTT. The Citrus Medica fruit juice was subsequenthy evaluated in terms of antimutagenicity and anticancer properties by a standard reverse mutation assay (Ames Test). This was performed with histidine auxotroph strain of Salmonella typhimurium (TA100) . Thus, it requires histidine from a foreign supply to ensure its growth.The aforementioned strain gives rise to reverted colonies when expose to carcinogen substance (Sodium Azide) . During MTT, human astrocytoma cell line revealed to have a meaningful cell death when compared with controls ( P <0.01) . In Ames Test the fruit juice prevented the reverted mutations and the hindrance percent of half-ripe Citrus Medica was 71.7% and ripe Citrus Medica was 34.4% in antimutagenicity test and this value in anticancer test was 83.3% and 50% in half-ripe Citrus Medica and ripe Citrus Medica respectively.This is the first study that have revealed antimutagenicity and anticancer effect of Citrus Medica fruit juice and the effects were higher in half-ripe Citrus Medica in comparison to the riprned one.
An energy balance approach of the dynamics of drop impact on a solid surface

The description of physical mechanisms involved in the impact of a drop upon a dry, partially wettable substrate is still a matter of debate. One way to analyze the balance of these mechanisms is the development of an analytical one-dimensional model based upon the energy equation. The approximation of a spreading of the liquid with rimmed cylinder allows a reduction of the energy equation to a second-order dierential equation. The aim of this seminar is to present the governing physics involved in drop impact, and to present a novel energy balance model proposed by by Attan e et al., which takes into account the dissipation due to rolling motion near the contact line. The aim of the model is the prediction of the spreading event and the following recoiling behavior. The model considers only deposition situations and no attempt is made to predict the onset of splashing or rebound phenomena.
The hierarchical origins of observed galaxy morphology

Galaxies grow primarily via accretion-driven star formation in discs and merger-driven growth of bulges. These processes are implicit in semi-analytical models of galaxy formation, with bulge growth in particular relating directly to the hierarchical build-up of haloes and their galaxies. In this paper, we consider several implementations of two semi-analytical models. Focusing on implementations in which bulges are formed during mergers only, we examine the fractions of elliptical galaxies and both passive and star-forming disc galaxies as functions of stellar and halo mass, for central and satellite systems. This is compared to an observational cross-matched Sloan Digital Sky Survey+Third Reference Catalog of Bright Galaxies z ∼ 0 sample of galaxies with accurate visual morphological classifications and M∗ > 10 10.5 M� . The models qualitatively reproduce the observed increase of elliptical fraction with stellar mass, and with halo mass for central galaxies, supporting the idea that observed ellipticals form during major mergers. However, the overall elliptical fraction produced by the models is much too high compared with the z ∼ 0 data. Since the ‘passive’ – i.e. non-star-forming – fractions are approximately reproduced, and since the fraction which are star-forming disc galaxies is also reproduced, the problem is that the models overproduce ellipticals at the expense of passive S0 and spiral galaxies. Bulge growth implementations (tuned to reproduce simulations) which allow the survival of residual discs in major mergers still destroy too much of the disc. Increasing the lifetime of satellites, or allowing significant disc regrowth around merger remnants, merely increases the fraction of star-forming disc galaxies. Instead, it seems necessary to reduce the mass ratios of merging galaxies, so that most mergers produce modest bulge growth in disc galaxy remnants instead of ellipticals. This could be a natural consequence of tidal stripping of stars from infalling satellite galaxies, a process not considered in our models. However, a high efficiency of quenching during and/or subsequent to minor mergers is still required to keep the passive fraction high.
Application of Gas Chromatography to Exuded Organic Matter Derived from Macroalgae

Macroalgae are the most important primary producers in coastal environments, because their productivity per square community area is comparable to that of tropical rain forests (Mann, 1973; Yokohama et al., 1987). Although a half of the products constitute the organic matter of algal body (Hatcher et al., 1977), considerable part of them would be exuded and dissolved into ambient seawater (Khailov & Burlakova, 1969; Sieburth, 1969; Hatcher et al., 1977; Abdullah & Fredriksen, 2004; Wada et al., 2007). The organic materials released into ambient seawater induces some alteration of marine and atmospheric environments. For example, some volatile compounds released from macroalgae would escape into air, and play as ozone-depleting substances (Lovecock, 1975; Laturnus et al., 2010). Phenolic compounds are known as a kind of exudates, which acts as a form of defense to the algal body from herbivores (van Alstyne, 1988). A part of the phenolic compounds are likely to dissolve into seawater, and the light shielding role as a component of colored organic matter was suggested in coastal environments (Wada et al., 2007). In addition to these compounds, carbohydrates such as mucopolysaccharides are important component of released organic matter on the body surface, and a part of them is considered to be released into seawater (Wada et al., 2007). It is known that bacterial community acting on the macroalgae is variable depending on the carbohydrate composition of exudates (Bengtsson et al., 2011), and the bacterial community structure probably changes the carbon flux around algal bed. The characterization of organic compounds derived from macroalgae is necessary to elucidate the biogeochemical role of macroalgae, because the effect to biogeochemical processes is variable depending on each organic compound. Thus, quantitative and qualitative approaches have been carried out so far. Application of gas chromatography (GC) would be effective for some of these exuded compounds. In this review, we focused on the analytical methods using GC for analysis of compounds originated from macroalgae.
The north‐south tilt in the Australian Height Datum is explained by the ocean's mean dynamic topography

[1] Using geodetic and oceanographic data, we show that the apparent north-south slope between the Australian Height Datum (AHD) and the geoid is caused almost completely by the ocean's time-mean dynamic topography (MDT). This is because the AHD was constrained to zero height at local mean sea level at multiple tide gauges around the Australian continent. Using MDT models and corrected leveling data, almost all of the apparent north-south slope can be removed from the AHD. An auxiliary observation is that a satellite-only MDT model based on only around one year of GOCE data generates results commensurate with geodetic, oceanographic and combined MDT models.
An exploratory study of the relationship between mother–infant interaction and maternal cognitive function in mothers with mental illness

There is evidence for a deleterious effect of maternal mental illness on mother–infant interaction. Presence of mental illness and lowered maternal cognitive function independently predict quality of interaction, but their combined effect on interaction is unclear. A pilot study was conducted to explore the relationship between maternal serious mental illness (SMI), cognitive function, and mother–infant interaction. Six mothers with SMI (two with schizophrenia and four with depression) and 12 mothers with no psychiatric history were recruited, together with their infants (all aged between 5 and 18 weeks). Mother–infant interaction was assessed using the Crittenden Care Index. The Cognitive Drug Research computerised assessment battery provided measures of memory and attention. In support of previous literature, mothers with SMI were significantly less sensitive during interactions with their infants. They also demonstrated impairment relative to controls on an index of speed of memory processing. A hierarchical regression model revealed that presence of maternal mental illness was a significant predictor of maternal sensitivity, but when speed of memory processing was accounted for, the strength of this relationship was reduced, suggesting that the relationship between maternal mental illness and mother–infant interaction may be partially mediated by level of cognitive function. Further study is warranted.
Speech Data Acquisition - The Underestimated Challenge

The second half of the 20th century was the dawn of information technology; and we now live in the digital age. Experimental studies of prosody develop at a fast pace, in the context of an "explosion of evidence" (Janet Pierrehumbert, Speech Prosody 2010, Chicago). The ease with which anyone can now do recordings should not veil the complexity of the data collection process, however. This article aims at sensitizing students and scientists from the various fields of speech and language research to the fact that speech-data acquisition is an underestimated challenge. Eliciting data that reflect the communicative processes at play in language requires special precautions in devising experimental procedures and a fundamental understanding of both ends the elicitation process, speaker and recording facilities. The article compiles basic information on each of these requirements and recapitulates some pieces of practical advice, drawing many examples from prosody studies, a field where the thoughtful conception of experimental protocols is especially crucial.
International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning The Impact of Whatsapp Use on Success in Education Process

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of WhatsApp use for education and determine the opinions of students towards the process. The study was designed in mixed research model which combines both qualitative and quantitative data. In the quantitative aspect of the study, quasi-experimental design, with a pretest-posttest control group, was used and the data were analyzed by two factor variance analysis for mixed measurements. The analysis indicated
CHARACTERISTIC PERFORMANCES OF THE MAIN FOUR PIG FARMING SYSTEMS IN MANOKWARI, WEST PAPUA

This research aimed to investigate opportunities for improving pig farming systems both in urban and rural areas of Manokwari, Papua Barat province-Indonesia. The research started by assessing the perspectives and perceptions of farmers in group meetings. A number of 386 pigs in cummulative was weighing and measured for life body weights and body condition scores. Papuan pig farmers were represented by Jayapura, Biak, Ambai and Ansus(Serui), Mee(Nabire), Arfak(Manokwari)and Ayamaru(Sorong)tribes. Non-Papuan pig farmers identified with ethnic groups of Batak, Toraja, Manado and Flores. The highest numbers of pigs kept were by semi-penned pig farmers, followed by pen and restrained pig farmers. About two hours per day was devoted to work in the restrained, semi-penned and pen pig keeping systems, while less than 1.5 hours per day was allocated by free-range pig farmers. In urban areas, feeding sources were kitchen and restaurant waste, and likewise crops and agriculture residues were in rural areas. Supplements and concentrates were used on a limited scale. Agricultural residues used were cassava, banana, taro, corn, grain and vegetable wastes. Litter sizes in the four pig farming systems were in average of 6 piglets/farrow/sow. Body condition scores were higher in pen pig keeping, i.e. 2.9 to 3, followed by semi-pen pigs, i.e. 2.1 to 3, free-range pigs, 2.1-2.8 and restrained pigs, i.e. 1.8 and 2.5 at different age levels. Economical and social quantitatives need further studies.
Research of Model Matching Control of Torque Vectoring Differential Gear System

In this paper, model-based development of a control of torque vectoring differential (TVD) gear system is described. A new control logic was developed using model matching control to let the vehicle yaw rate and vehicle slip angle follow the desired dynamics. Simulation results using a single track model of vehicle dynamics are shown to prove the efficacy of the proposed control. Modelica was useful to express timevarying state space system such as the single track model of vehicle dynamics. Also full vehicle model considering all of the vehicle dynamics and drive train motion using Modelica clarified the characteristics of this method in actual driving cases.
Evaluation of three family farms producing organic eggs insouthern Brazil: animal welfare and biosecurity.

Three family farms producing organic eggs with 5,000, 250 and 100 birds, of the species Gallus gallus domesticus, have been studied. The farms are located in southern Brazil. The study was aimed at evaluating aspects of animal welfare and biosafety due to the increasing importance that these issues are taking on in the society today. The farms with fewer animals (250 and 100) showed better results, as far as animal welfare is concerned, than that property with 5,000 chickens, but the three farms showed medium to low level of biosecurity