Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beneficios de un programa de rehabilitación respiratoria domiciliaria en pacientes con EPOC grave

Objetivo LOS beneficios de la rehabilitacion respiratoria domiciliaria (RRD) en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cronica (EPOC) de grado grave-muy grave son controvertidos. Nuestro objetivo ha sido evaluar la eficacia a corto y medio plazo de un programa de RRD en pacientes con EPOC grave. Pacientes y Metodos Se trata de un estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado en pacientes con EPOC grave (estadios III y IV de la clasificacion GOLD) y disnea invalidante —puntuacion de 3 a 5 en la escala del Medical Research Council (MRC)—, distribuidos en grupo control y grupo RRD. El programa de rehabilitacion respiratoria fue de 9 semanas y consistia en educacion, fisioterapia respiratoria y entrenamiento muscular con supervision semanal en domicilio. Evaluamos en situacion basal, a las 9 semanas y a los 6 meses la funcion pulmonar, la capacidad de ejercicio (prueba de la marcha de 3 min), la disnea (MRC) y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, determinada con el Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ). Resultados Participaron en el estudio 38 pacientes, con una edad media ± desviacion estandar de 68 ± 6 anos (puntuacion MRC: 4 ± 0,8; volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo: 29% del valor de referencia), y 29 completaron el seguimiento a los 6 meses. En el grupo RRD se incremento significativamente la distancia recorrida en la prueba de la marcha de 3 min (p = 0,001), resultado que se mantuvo a los 6 meses. La disnea mejoro significativamente tras la RRD (p Conclusiones La RRD en pacientes con EPOC grave-muy grave y alta incapacidad funcional aporta beneficios en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y la capacidad de ejercicio, que pueden mantenerse hasta los 6 meses.
OUTCOME OF PRIMIGRAVIDA WITH UNENGAGED VERSUS ENGAGED FETAL HEAD AT TERM OR ONSET OF LABOUR

The objectives of the study were to compare the progress of labour, need of medical and surgical interventions and fetomaternal outcome in primigravidae with non-engaged versus engaged fetal head at term or onset of labour. This study was performed at Services Hospital from July 2008 to December 2008. A total of 200 cases were studied over a six months period. Among these, 100 had engaged head and 100 had unengaged fetal head. Among these 100 women with unengaged head 62% had normal vaginal delivery and38% had Caesarean delivery versus 85% normal vaginal delivery in engaged group. No etiology was found for unengaged fetal head in 46% cases. Duration of labour was prolonged and there was a greater need for active medical and surgical intervention in the unengaged group. There was no significant difference in maternal and neonatal morbidity between the two groups. Thus primigravidae with unengaged fetal head at term or onset of labour should be considered high risk and with proper monitoring and maintainence of partogram vaginal delivery is possible in majority with minimal fetomaternal morbidity.
Effects of Nutrition Counseling on Diabetes Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition counseling on diabetes management by determin-ing changes in anthropometry and blood components as well as knowledge and practice of diet therapy and nutrient intake in 34 (male 11, female 23) type 2 diabetes patients. The knowledge and the practice of diet therapy, drinking, smoking and exercise were analyzed by questionnaires. Dietary nutrient intake were obtained from the patients by the 1 day 24-hr recall. Blood glucose level and blood pressure were measured before and 3 months after the treatment. The results are summarized as follows: Average weight (p＜0.05) and body mass index (p＜0.05) were significantly lower post-counseling. Fasting blood glucose levels (p＜0.01) and postprandial-2hour blood glucose levels (p＜0.01) were also significantly lower post-counseling. In lifestyle changes for self-management the patients showed sig-nificantly higher exercise habits post-counseling (p＜0.01). Regarding their level of diet knowledge, they showed significantly higher levels post-counseling in six items such as importance of diet therapy for diabetes (p＜0.001), principles of diet therapy (p＜0.001), nutrient composition of foods (p＜0.01), carbohydrate composition of foods (p＜0.001), the prescribed calories (p＜0.001) understanding food item and exchange units of cereals, grains (p＜0.001) and fruits, juices (p＜0.001). Regarding their diet practices, the patients showed significantly higher levels of practice post-counseling in keeping within permitted meal size (p＜0.001), using food exchange lists (p＜0.001), keeping exact meal times (p＜0.01), and controling sweet foods (p＜0.001). Protein (p＜0.05), animal lipid (p＜0.05), and vitamin C (p＜0.05) intakes were significantly higher post-counseling.Key words : nutrition counseling, diabetes management, diet therapy, blood glucose
Business Survey Data: Do They Help in Forecasting the Macro Economy?

In this paper we examine whether data from business tendency surveys are useful for forecasting the macro economy in the short run. Our analyses primarily concern the growth rates of real GDP but we also evaluate forecasts of other variables such as unemployment, price and wage inflation, interest rates, and exchange-rate changes. The starting point is a so-called dynamic factor model (DFM), which is used both as a framework for dimension reduction in forecasting and as a procedure for filtering out unimportant idiosyncratic noise in the underlying survey data. In this way, it is possible to model a rather large number of noise-reduced survey variables in a parsimoniously parameterised vector autoregression (VAR). To assess the forecasting performance of the procedure, comparisons are made with VARs that either use the survey variables directly, are based on macro variables only, or use other popular summary indices of economic activity. As concerns forecasts of GDP growth, the procedure turns out to outperform the competing alternatives in most cases. For the other macro variables, the evidence is more mixed, suggesting in particular that there often is little difference between the DFM-based indicators and the popular summary indices of economic activity.
Assessment of prescription pattern in a private teaching hospital in India

work was done to study the prescription pattern in the Medicine OPD of a private teaching hospital. A total of 300 prescriptions were randomly collected from the OPD. The prescriptions were analyzed in the context of their adherence to prescription format and rationality of prescription. The prescriptions were assessed for correctness of pattern, components and adherence to WHO core prescribing indicators. Average number of drugs was 3.7. 53% prescriptions had polypharmacy. 25% prescriptions had drugs prescribed by generic name. Antibiotics were prescribed in 63.3% and 13.6% prescriptions had injectable preparations. 89% prescriptions had more than one drug from national list of Essential medicines of India. The quality of prescriptions, both in terms of layout and the content of the drugs prescribed, was inadequate. Adherence to WHO core prescribing indicators was also poor. There is a need to standardize the format of prescriptions in India so that all essential information is included.
International Payout Policy and Societal Trust

This paper explores how trust affects managerial payout decisions and investor reactions to payout announcements. Dividend initiations and open market share repurchases create implicit commitments to continue paying dividends and execute share buybacks. We hypothesize that investors’ reaction to these announcements depend on their perception of the likelihood of managers honoring these commitments, which varies with their trust levels. We find that stock returns surrounding payout announcements are higher in countries that have higher levels of societal trust, and the effect of trust appears stronger for repurchase announcements. We also find that levels of trust are positively associated with the propensity to pay and negatively associated with dividend levels. These results suggest managers conform to cultural norms of expected behavior in initiating dividends, but recognize trust can be adversely impacted by future dividend cuts, and so they tend payout lower levels.
Dosimetric comparison of incidental radiation to the internal mammary nodes after breast-conserving surgery using 3 techniques-inverse intensity-modulated radiotherapy, field-in-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy

Abstract Background: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the dosimetric parameters of incidental irradiation to internal mammary node (IMN) from inverse intensity-modulated radiotherapy (I-IMRT) and field-in-field IMRT (F-IMRT), and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients after breast-conservation surgery (BCS). Methods: Eighty-four patients with BCS were selected. The breast, tumor bed, and IMN, including intercostal spaces (ICS) 1 to 3, were contoured. Three plans were generated. The prescription doses for the breast and tumor bed were 50.4 Gy/28 F and 60.2 Gy/28 F, respectively. If there was no tumor bed boost, patient was treated with 50 Gy/25 F for the whole breast only. The IMN was not included in planning target volume. Results: The median mean dose (Dmean) of the IMNtotal (ICS 1–3) was 2740.2 cGy, 2973.9 cGy, and 2951.4 cGy for I-IMRT, F-IMRT, and 3D-CRT, respectively. Differences were not detected between any of the plans. After separating ICS 1 to 3 for further analysis, neither of the Dmean of ICS 1 to 2 was significantly different between the plans. However, for ICS 3, the median Dmean was highest for I-IMRT, and those for 3D-CRT and F-IMRT were not significantly different. After separating the 3 techniques for further analysis, the median Dmean was highest in ICS 3 and lowest in ICS 1 for all the 3 techniques. Conclusion: All 3 techniques failed to attain an adequate dose to cure subclinical disease, and there were no significant differences among the 3 techniques. It is risky to avoid IMN irradiation (IMNI) using any of the 3 techniques during whole-breast radiotherapy in women with indications for elective IMNI. However, in era of systematic therapy, whether the incidental dose could meet clinical acquirements needs further follow-up.
Head-First Linearization with Tree-Structured Representation

We present a dependency tree linearization model with two novel components: (1) a tree-structured encoder based on bidirectional Tree-LSTM that propagates information first bottom-up then top-down, which allows each token to access information from the entire tree; and (2) a linguistically motivated head-first decoder that emphasizes the central role of the head and linearizes the subtree by incrementally attaching the dependents on both sides of the head. With the new encoder and decoder, we reach state-of-the-art performance on the Surface Realization Shared Task 2018 dataset, outperforming not only the shared tasks participants, but also previous state-of-the-art systems (Bohnet et al., 2011; Puduppully et al., 2016). Furthermore, we analyze the power of the tree-structured encoder with a probing task and show that it is able to recognize the topological relation between any pair of tokens in a tree.
Visitors ’ impulse shopping behavior at Kuala Lumpur International Airport ( KLIA ) 2

Visitors’ impulse shopping behavior is widely happening throughout the daily routine without anyone realizing it. The objective of the paper is to examine the relationship between store environmental characteristics, namely, ambient, design, and social and the visitors’ impulsive shopping behavior. Apart from that, the mediating effect of visitors’ emotional responses on the relationship between store environmental characteristics and the visitors’ impulse shopping behavior was also examined. Findings indicated that store environmental characteristics have a significant relationship with the visitor’s impulse shopping behavior. The higher the store environmental characteristics effects such as ambient characteristics, design characteristics and social characteristics, the higher the rate of visitor’s impulse shopping behavior will be. It was also revealed that store environmental characteristics have a significant relationship with the visitors’ emotional responses. The better the store environmental characteristics effects such as ambient characteristics, design characteristics and social characteristics, the better the conditions of visitors’ emotional responses. Results also indicated that visitors’ emotional responses have a significant relationship with the visitor’s impulse shopping behavior. The better the visitors’ emotional responses, the higher the possibilities of visitor’s impulse shopping behavior will be. And finally, the finding revealed that the visitors’ emotional responses mediate the relationship between store environmental characteristics and the visitors’ impulse shopping behavior.
Ethnicity as a risk factor for postpartum depression

Studies on postpartum depression (PPD) in Iran have focused on prevalence and risk factors. There is little information available on the ethnic risk factors of PPD. We aimed to evaluate prevalence and some ethnic risk factors of PPD among women in West Azerbaijan, Mahabad, Iran. Twelve hundred mothers (600 Kurdish women, 600 Azeri women) who visited Mahabd public health centres for immunisation of their eight week old infants were interviewed about symptoms of depression. Most of the participants (89%) completed the questionnaire independently, while 11% required assistance by midwives because they were illiterate. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess depression. In the study, 36.3% of women had high depression scores (i.e. a score ≥13 indicated a higher risk of PPD). The mean depression score among Kurdish women was 14.77, and Azeri women 12.99. The common risk factors for higher scores were: younger mothers, unplanned pregnancy, poor economic status, mothers who did not wor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES IMPACT FACTOR ~ 1.021

With the advent of convenience foods available in the market, the nutritional value has taken a dip. Malting is a controlled germination process which activates the enzymes of the resting grain resulting in high bioavailability of nutrients. The effect of partial replacement of refined wheat flour with malted barley flour on nutritional and sensory attributes of biscuit preparation was studied. Barley was procured from local market and cleaned before malting. Barley was malted by optimizing the conditions like time and temperature and malted barley flour obtained which was further nutritionally analyzed (moisture, ash, protein, iron and calcium). Malted barley flour was incorporated in biscuits by replacing refined wheat at various incorporation levels. Levels of mixture used were 25, 30, 40, 50 and 55% with the aim of maximum incorporation possible. Biscuits prepared were evaluated for their sensory attributes and analyzed and the most accepted biscuits with malt flour incorporation were selected. The developed products were analyzed for their nutritional and textural properties. Sensory evaluation results revealed that 50% incorporation of malted barley flour was the most acceptable followed by 40% level. Ash and fiber contents gradually increased with higher incorporation levels. The protein, iron and calcium content of biscuits with 50% malted barley flour increased by 12.14, 189.3 and 12.53% respectively compared to control biscuits. Textural attributes as hardness and fracturability increased with the incorporation of malted barley flour.
Industrial Labour Productivity and ICT Intensity as determinants of Individual Job Satisfaction

While global economies focus on continuous productivity growth and technological innovations, the question of whether these advancements are always positively related to workers’ wellbeing has received less attention. This paper explores this question, by examining the effects of industrial labour productivity and ICT intensity on job satisfaction in an inter-industry, cross-country analysis. In order to explore the nature of these relationships, data from EU KLEMS were matched with data on individual job satisfaction from the European Social Survey (ESS) for eight advanced European countries. To estimate these relationships, job satisfaction from ESS5 in 2010 was regressed on lagged values of industry-level data for labour productivity (Model 1) and ICT intensity (Model 2) in 2006. In these econometric analyses an ordered probit model was employed. In all regression models, job satisfaction was conditioned by other factors, such as demographic, intrinsic, extrinsic and employment characteristics. Results showed that industrial labour productivity was negatively associated with job satisfaction across all the industries of the economy. This result could be attributed to stress factors and the form of production systems. In contrast, ICT intensity was positively correlated with job satisfaction, which could be attributed to the complementary role of technology in non-routine cognitive tasks and the effect of workerfriendly organizational changes that accompany the introduction of ICT at the workplace.
International Journal of Instruction

The purpose of this study was a) to assess job satisfaction and burnout among Greek Physical Education (PE) teachers and b) investigate how school sport facilities affect their job satisfaction and burnout levels. Two hundred and eightytwo Greek PE teachers, aged from 24 to 65 years old, participated in the study. Their working experience ranged from one to 37 years. The Employee Satisfaction Inventory (Koustelios & Bagiatis, 1997) was employed to assess job satisfaction and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1986) for the measurement of burnout. The results revealed that Greek PE teachers seem to be more satisfied by work itself and supervision and dissatisfied by promotion and even more by pay while experiencing medium to low burnout. Furthermore, Greek PE teachers who work in schools with very satisfactory sport facilities seem to be more satisfied in comparison to Greek PE teachers who work in poor sport facilities. Finally, Greek PE teachers who work in schools with very satisfactory sport facilities seem to experience lower burnout levels. It is thus recommended that schools should have the best sport equipment possible, for more satisfied, less burned-out PE teachers.
Evaluating CEOs Softly: The Impact of Shareholder Horizon on Compensation Design

I study the increasing focus of CEO compensation on subjective performance measures during the recent decade. I document that 63% of large US public firms use subjective measures to evaluate CEO performance, and that reliance on subjective measures is positively correlated with long-term institutional ownership. Using a recent law change in corporate governance, I identify that a longer institutional investor horizon induces a higher weight on subjective measures in compensation design. I also find that the more complex business structure a firm has, the more reliant is CEO compensation on subjective performance measures. Overall, my findings are consistent with a significant theme of incomplete contract theory suggesting that soft performance information can provide effective incentives if the contract is provided by a long-term oriented principal. ∗This is my Ph.D. thesis. I am grateful to my thesis advisor Sudipto Dasgupta, and the rest of my thesis committee: John Nash, Vidhan Goyal, Thomas Bourveau, and Chu Zhang. †Postdoctoral fellow at Chinese University of Hong Kong, E-mail: fmaab@connect.ust. hk
Growth, survival and sunfleck response of underplanted red oaks (Quercus spp., section Erythrobalanus) along a topographic gradient in southern New England

An understanding of the regeneration niche is critical to our ability to refine silvicultural approaches aimed at regenerating and maintaining diverse, mixed species stands. However, few studies have directly tested differences in habitat associations among closely related trees of the same genus, particularly to assess habitat partitioning at the regeneration stage. To evaluate differences in regeneration niche, we established a common garden experiment with five red oak species (Quercus spp., section Erythrobalanus) under-planted across a topographic gradient (valley, midslope and ridge positions) in mixed hardwood forests of Southern New England. Represented were three red oak species common to intermediate site conditions of southern New England (Q. rubra L, Q. velutina Lam., and Q. coccinea Münchh.), and two species commonly associated with more extreme site conditions Q. ilicifolia Wangenh. (xeric, skeletal ridge tops) and Q. palustris Münchh. (river floodplains). Seedlings were caged to prevent deer browse, and seedling height and survival were measured annually for nine growing seasons. Response to sunflecks, a primary source of light for advance regeneration-dependent species that establish in the forest understory, was measured using a LiCor 6400 photosynthesis system. Overall, survival was highest for Q. rubra, followed by Q. velutina, Q. coccinea, Q. ilicifolia and finally Q. palustris. The pattern among species held for all topographic positions, with higher survival rates on the ridgetops, and lower survival in valley positions. Height development was highest in the valley, intermediate in the ridge, and lowest in the midslope positions. Survival patterns were positively correlated with light availability, and negatively correlated with site fertility. Based on net photosynthetic rates, Q. rubra, Q. velutina, and Q. coccinea were more responsive to sunflecks than Q. ilicifolia and Q. palustris, and maintained higher photosynthetic rates over the measurement period. Greater survival of all species in upper topographic position reflects in part adaptations of the red oak group in this region to higher light and lower soil fertility conditions. But sunflecks likely play a critical role as well, judging from the positive correlation of survival with understory light (43–80% of which occurs as sunflecks), the strong height development in the light-limited valleys (where sunflecks should be most critical), and the clear alignment of species sunfleck response with species survival patterns. Differences among the oaks in photosynthetic response to sunflecks may thus help explain their habitat associations and contribute to niche partitioning among these related species. These findings have important silvicultural implications, particularly for enrichment planting of different red oaks and the timing of overstory removal treatments to facilitate establishment of regeneration for growth into the canopy.
International Journal of Instruction

The present study aims to determine the relative efficiency of 28 countries participated in PISA 2015 and TALIS 2013 based on student performance and teacher quality, and to sort the countries according to their efficiency scores by using a super efficiency model. Moreover, this study attempts to reveal important improvements countries must make in terms of teacher quality to have better results for student performance. Using data of 28 countries from TALIS 2013 for determining the variables of teacher quality and PISA 2015 for student performance, a data envelopment analysis was performed. Four negative attributes of the teachers were included as input variables and students’ performance on reading, mathematics and science as output variables in the analysis. According to the research findings, the most efficient countries on the basis of the determined inputs and outputs are Finland, France, Japan, South Korea, Norway, Singapore, while Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic and Spain are inefficient. The potential improvement is required for all input variables, but its amount varies by country. However, a higher rate of potential improvement is needed for developing countries whose populations are younger.