Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Integrity Perspective on the Decentralization of the Health Sector in Colombia

Diese Studie beschaftigt sich mit der Dezentralisierung des Gesundheitssektors in Kolumbien, indem Charakteristika der institutionellen Entwicklung und Gemeindepartizipation und deren Beziehung zu den soziookonomischen Bedingungen innerhalb der kolumbianischen Stadtverwaltungen sowie administrative und politische Faktoren analysiert werden, die die Implementierung von Gesundheitsdiensten auf der Stadtverwaltungsebene affizieren. Die Studie grundet im Kontext von Gesundheitsreformen, und Dezentralisierung wird als politische Leitlinie verstanden, die aufs Engste mit der jeweiligen politischen, sozialen, okonomischen und administrativen Einbettung verknupft ist. Es kamen qualitative und quantitative Verfahren zum Einsatz: drei Einzelfallstudien und ein Survey in insgesamt 91 Stadtverwaltungen. Die entlang dieser unterschiedlichen Datenquellen und Methoden gewonnenen Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass der Grad des Fortschritts im Gesundheitssystem nicht ubereinstimmt mit den soziookonomischen Kategorien, entlang derer die Stadtverwaltungen klassifiziert wurden. Dies ist eng verbunden mit der Qualitat des innerhalb des Gesundheitssystems tatigen Personals, die wiederum von der Patronage und dem politischen Willen der jeweiligen regionalen und nationalen Verwaltungen abhangt. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs090256
FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS DE SÃO PAULO

The digital age saw the rise of the consumer focused-enterprise. Every day brands and products are the subject of millions of conversations in which consumers exchange views, opinions and information before making the purchase decision. Marketers understood the importance of word of mouth as a new strategic communication channel and started to anchor word of mouth techniques to the overall marketing strategy. Advertising has become a conversation business: the new marketing challenge is to create an engaging and sharable content that could expand and resonate within consumers’ networks. The more people talk about your brand, the more the likelihood to win harsh competition and increase sales. But how word of mouth marketing works? What make a marketing campaign a viral success? This work aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of word of mouth marketing theory and further investigate the key variables of viral marketing. Following the research question “how companies design efficient viral campaigns? ” the underlying dissertation adopts a descriptive model and a multiple case study approach (Coca Cola Zero and Dove) in order to provide insights and suggestions for viral marketing practices. Considering the findings of the research, a new framework is presented in order to show the most important stages that affect the creation, development and outcome of viral campaigns. Key-words: word of mouth marketing, word of mouth, viral marketing, social media, international marketing practices, marketing campaigns.
Title Spontaneous activation of visual pigments in relation toopenness / closedness of chromophore-binding pocket

Visual pigments can be spontaneously activated by internal thermal energy, generating noise that interferes with real-light detection. Recently, we developed a physicochemical theory that successfully predicts the rate of spontaneous activity of representative rod and cone pigments from their peak-absorption wavelength (lmax), with pigments having longer lmax being noisier. Interestingly, cone pigments may generally be ~25 fold noisier than rod pigments of the same lmax, possibly ascribed to an ‘open’ chromophore-binding pocket in cone pigments defined by the capability of chromophore-exchange in darkness. Here, we show in mice that the lmax-dependence of pigment noise could be extended even to a mutant pigment, E122Q-rhodopsin. Moreover, although E122Q-rhodopsin shows some cone-pigment-like characteristics, its noise remained quantitatively predictable by the ‘non-open’ nature of its chromophore-binding pocket as in wildtype rhodopsin. The openness/closedness of the chromophore-binding pocket is potentially a useful indicator of whether a pigment is intended for detecting dim or bright light. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.18492. 001
Cytogenotoxicity of shakes added with synthetic microingredients Citotoxicidade de diet shakes aditivados por microingredientes artificiais

The goal of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of diet shakes of three brands widely marketed in Brazil, named in this study of A, B and C. Assessments were carried out on root meristem cells of Allium cepa at exposure times 24 and 48 hours. The products (treatments) for A and B were evaluated at concentrations of 0.05; 0.10 and 0.20 g/mL, and C at the concentration 0.08; 0.16 and 0.32 g/mL. The diet products at the three concentrations tested, including those suggested as ideal for consumption by the manufacturers, at the two exposure times considered, were found to have significant antiproliferative effect on the meristems evaluated. However, none of the treatments caused significant cellular changes to the tissues of roots. Thus, the products tested were cytotoxic, but not genotoxic, to root meristem cells of A. cepa. Furthermore, it was observed that in all the treatments performed, in the three concentrations, the majority of the dividing cells were at prophase, not being observed cells at anaphase and telophase. Thus, it is suggested to conduct more in-depth studies on the cytotoxicity of these shakes in physiologically more complex bioassays for the verification and deepening of the data obtained here.
Regional-Scale Assessment of the Climatic Role of Forests Under Future Climate Conditions

Several natural and anthropogenic processes influence the climate of the Earth. Human affect climate through increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, changing aerosol compositions as well as by land surface changes (IPCC, 2007). There are several recent EUprojects carried out in the last decade, to provide high-resolution climate change projections with focus on future climate changes and their impacts in Europe (Christensen et al., 2007; Jacob et al., 2008; van der Linden & Mitchell, 2009). These studies are based on the results of regional climate model simulations driven by different predefined greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The difference between the simulated climatic conditions for the future and for the present time period is the climate change signal. For the 21st century, projected climate change signals for temperature and precipitation show seasonal and spatial differences in Europe and also vary depending on the applied greenhouse gas emission scenario.
A Spacetime Approach to Defining Vacuum States and Entropy

We apply a recent proposal for a distinguished ground state of a quantum field in a globally hyperbolic spacetime to the free massless scalar field in a causal diamond in two-dimensional Minkowski space. We investigate the two limits in which the Wightman function is evaluated (i) for pairs of points that lie in the centre of the diamond (i.e. far from the boundaries), and (ii) for pairs of points that are close to the left or right corner. We find that in the centre, the Minkowski vacuum state is recovered, with a definite value of the infrared cutoff. Interestingly, the ground state is not the Rindler vacuum in the corner of the diamond, as might have been expected, but is instead the vacuum of a flat space in the presence of a static mirror on that corner. We confirm these results by numerically evaluating the Wightman function of a massless scalar field on a causal set corresponding to the continuum causal diamond. We also present an independent calculation of the entanglement entropy for a free massless scalar field in 1+1 dimensions. We use a recent formula for a global expression of entropy using Green functions of the theory. This formula is independent of a density matrix with respect to a hypersurface (as the usual definition of entropy depends on), and it is applicable to both continuum spacetimes and to discrete causal sets. We compute the entanglement entropy in a spacetime of two causal diamonds in the continuum and in a causal set, in the limit that one is much larger than the other. In the continuum, we obtain the result S = 1 3 ln ( ` a ) + c, where a is the UV cutoff of the theory, ` is the diameter of the smaller diamond, and c is a constant. This result is in agreement with results in CFT.
Philosophies in the IOS Adoption Field

This paper pursues two objectives. First it depicts the status of research philosophies of the IOS adoption field. Second, it gives an overview of the discussions within the field of IS about interrelating research philosophies and analyzes to which extent this has happened in the IOS adoption field thus far. In depicting the philosophical status of the field we apply Orlikowski and Baroudi’s (1991) framework that classifies IS research as relying on a foundation of assumptions from either positivism, interpretivism or critical theory. We found the framework well suited for our review of the field, although we did not find any instances where critical theory had been used as the basic assumption in an IOS adoption study. Our findings show that there are several clear openings for contributions that apply new research perspectives to the field of IOS or combine multiple research perspectives for added insight into the dynamics of IOS adoption.
Evaluation of antihyperglycemic, antiradical and acute oral toxicity activities of aqueous leaves extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) from Benin in normal rats

Moringa oleifera is a commonly cultivated plant in the world. It has a high economic impact owing to its medicinal and nutritional values. Leaves of M. oleifera also contain various constituents that are useful for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study is (i) to perform phytochemical screening, and to check antiradical and antihyperglycaemic activities of M. oleifera aqueous leaves extract (ii) to control the impact of this aqueous extract on the liver parameters of wistar rats. The analysis was carried out on a few large families of bioactive molecules such as triterpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanes, leucoanthocyanes, reducing sugar, mucilage and cyanogenic. With a concentration of 2.47 ± 0.26 mmol EAA/mg, the plant has a good antioxidant activity. Antihyperglycemic capacity was evaluated by using oral glucose tolerance test. The α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to show antiradical activity. The impact of aqueous leaves extract of M. oleifera on some biochemical parameters of Wistar rats (150 to 200 g) was shown. The contents of total phenolic, flavonoids and condensed tannins were respectively 46.242±2.44 (mmolEAA/mg of extract); 10.80±0.64 (mg Eq of rutine/mg of extract); 2.85±1.018 (mg Eq of catechine/mg of extract). The results of the acute oral toxicity test showed that the dose of 2000 mg/kg was non-toxic to the rats. The haematological and blood parameters did not change after administration of the plant aqueous extract. Glycemia reduction was observed with the dose of 500 mg/kg. The important results obtained in this study explain the abundant use of this plant by the populations in the treatment of diabetes. However, it would be necessary to confirm the non-toxicity of the plant by histological studies of the liver and kidneys. Key words: Moringa oleifera, aqueous leaves extract, antihyperglycemic activity, acute oral toxicity, in vivo.
Higher-order safe primes with negative signature: an algorithmic approach

First, the definition and basic properties of higher-order safe primes are presented along with an explicit formula to compute the density of this class of primes in the set of the integers. Then the concept of generalised safe primes is presented and formulae are introduced to compute the density of this type of primes for the special case of the negative signatures.
Relationship between dispositional mindfulness and repressive coping style: an exploratory dissertation

Mindfulness is a set of cognitive skills that encourage full attention to the present moment, identifying in a non-judgemental manner both physical and mental states (Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer & Toney, 2006). There is much evidence to suggest that higher levels of mindfulness are associated with positive physical and mental health outcomes (Brown & Ryan, 2003). In contrast, repressive coping is associated with negative physical health outcomes that are assumed to result from elevated physiological anxiety in the absence of cognitive awareness. Theories of repressive coping suggest that, in contrast to the characteristics associated with mindfulness, these individuals are not attentive to their inner mental/bodily states, and avoid cues that represent a threat to their self-concepts (Derakshan & Eysenck, 1997). Therefore, it seems possible that repressors may be particularly low in mindfulness and that, if they are, mindfulness-based interventions might be effective in improving their health outcomes. The aim of the present study is to assess whether repressors (assessed with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Crowne & Marlowe, 1960, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Spielberger, Gorsuch & Lushene, 1970) have particularly low levels of dispositional mindfulness (assessed with the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer & Toney, 2006). The investigation was conducted on a pool of 60 (N=60) voluntary, psychology undergraduates and the data was analysed via hierarchical multiple regressions. The results revealed that, contrary to the hypotheses, repressors showed high levels of dispositional mindfulness. The findings can be interpreted considering methodological issues and further implications are discussed.
Impact of exchange rate depreciation on the balance of payments: Empirical evidence from Nigeria

Abstract The paper investigates the impact of exchange rate depreciation on the balance of payments (BOP) in Nigeria over the period 1961–2012. The analysis is based on a multivariate vector error correction framework. A long-term equilibrium relationship was found between BOP, exchange rate and other associated variables. The empirical results are in favour of bidirectional causality between BOP and other variables employed. Results of the generalized impulse response functions suggest that one standard deviation innovation on exchange rate reduces positive BOP in the medium and long term, while results of the variance decomposition indicate that a significant variation in Nigeria’s BOP is not due to changes in exchange rate movements. The policy implication is that exchange rate depreciation which has been preponderant in Nigeria since the mid-1980s has not been very useful in promoting the country’s positive BOP. It is recommended that growth in the real sector should be improved to enhance exports, create employment, curb inflation and reduce poverty, while cutting non-productive imports, attracting foreign private investment and implementing well coordinated macroeconomic policies that impact inflation positively and stimulate exchange rate stability.
Genotype-environment interactions in pig breeding

Genotype-environment interactions (GxE) should be expected to occur whenever more than one genotype and more than one environment are considered, although their magnitude may differ. It is important to make use of this natural phenomenon rather than ignoring it or considering it as a problem. There are several examples and estimates of GxE in pig breeding suggesting significant GxE with respect to heat stress, diseases, seasonal variations and variation in performance during different periods within farms. Reaction models are quite useful in estimating these GxE effects as genetic correlations between different levels of environmental stress. Several studies using these models have revealed lower genetic correlations between the intermediate environment and environments with higher or lower stress levels. These results suggest that indirect selection based on performance in an optimal environment, ignoring the GxE effects, would result in less than optimal performance in a stressful environment. At the same time, there are opportunities for enhancing performance under stressful environments. Most studies have revealed the availability of larger genetic variance in stressful environments, providing opportunities for selection within the environment and making faster genetic progress. Further, the reaction norm models also allow estimating breeding values of animals in non-stressful environments based on data from stressful environments for the selection of robust animals and sorting of terminal boars. Genomic information can improve the accuracy of these breeding values and enhance genetic gains. SNP-environment interactions and gene-environment interactions provide further opportunities for effective utilization of this phenomenon for future pig breeding.
Protein electrophoretic profiles and physiochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.)

The present study was conducted to quantify the response of chlorophyll, protein concentration and electrophoretic patterns of leaf and root soluble proteins to increasing salinity in the rooting medium of three varieties (Payam, Kimia and Jambo) of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) and to evaluate the usefulness of these parameters in identifying salt-resistant varieties. This work was carried out with five concentrations of salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) and two sampling time points (sampling after 15 and 30 days salt treatment) using a split split plot design with randomized complete block layout. With increasing salinity, the K+ concentration was found to decrease and the amount of Na+ and Na+/K+ increase significantly (P≤0.05) in roots and shoots. Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll concentration and leaf and root soluble protein contents decreased with increasing salinity. The electrophoretic pattern of soluble proteins of cv. Jambo showed that after 15 days NaCl (200 mM) and 30 days NaCl (100 and 150 mM) treatment, a new polypeptide of molecular weight 50 kDa was expressed. The expression of this polypeptide might have been due to the plant adapting to NaCl via expression of a stress-resistant gene. This polypeptide was synthesized under salt stress and is suggested as a marker protein for salt adaptation. Keywords: Chlorophyll, electrophoretic patterns, soluble proteins, salinity, sorghum
Models for equating loudness Effectiveness of a loudness model for time-varying sounds in equating the loudness of 1 sentences subjected to different forms of signal processing 2 3

A model for the loudness of time-varying sounds [B.R. Glasberg and B.C.J. Moore 16 (2012). J. Audio. Eng. Soc. 50, 331-342] was assessed for its ability to predict the loudness 17 of sentences that were processed to either decrease or increase their dynamic fluctuations. In a 18 paired-comparison task, subjects compared the loudness of unprocessed and processed 19 sentences that had been equalized in: (1) root-mean square (RMS) level; (2) the peak long20 term loudness predicted by the model; (3) the mean long-term loudness predicted by the 21 model. Method 2 was most effective in equating the loudness of the original and processed 22 sentences. 23 24 PACS numbers: 43.66Cb, 43.66Ba 25 Zorila et al. Models for equating loudness
The black scabbardfish ( Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839) fisheries from the Portuguese mainland and Madeira Island

For several decades, the black scabbardfish ( Aphanopus carbo , Lowe 1839) has been a valuable resource for fishing communities in Madeira and more recently for those in mainland Portugal. The evaluation of the species’ exploitation status was conducted only in the late 20th century and separated for the two areas of the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Nowadays, species stock assessment studies are usually conducted in the framework of scientific working groups from regional fisheries organizations: ICES analyses data from the fishery operating in continental waters, whereas CECAF deals with the data pertaining to the Madeiran fishery. This paper presents the first attempt to combine the information available from the two longline fisheries targeting black scabbardfish in Portuguese waters in one single analysis. A description of the two fleets’ technical characteristics was conducted and a unique model was developed for the standardization of the fishing effort aimed at the species in the Portuguese EEZ. From this model, weekly landings-per-unit-effort time series were estimated by region for the period 2005-2007 and compared using a non-parametric statistical test. Percentages of discarded species, in number and weight, were calculated and reveal consistently low figures. These discards seem to depend on the number of hooks, soaking time and depth.
Rampamba, Enos M. and Meyer, Johanna C. and Helberg, Elvera and Godman, Brian (2017) Knowledge of hypertension and its management among hypertensive patients on chronic medicines at primary health care public sector facilities in South Africa : findings and implications

Background: High and growing prevalence rates of hypertension in South Africa. Consequently, there is a need to assess knowledge and management among hypertensive patients receiving chronic medication from primary health care (PHC) facilities in South Africa as a basis for improving future management. This is important as South Africa seeks to improve its management of chronic diseases. Method: Descriptive, quantitative study amongst chronic hypertensive patients in the chronic disease programme. Patients were interviewed face-to-face by trained pharmacists using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Half (53.7%) of the patients had uncontrolled BP. Less than a third of patients (27.7%) knew what hypertension is, the meaning of recorded BP numbers (4.5%), and what normal BP should be (19.9%). All patients who knew the meaning of BP numbers had formal education (p=0.047). Only 15.6% of the 56.0% patients, who received hypertension information, received it on antihypertensive medicines specifically. Conclusions: Majority of the patients lacked hypertension specific knowledge and only half had controlled BP. Interventions to improve the control of high BP should be targeted at closing knowledge gaps as part of the current chronic treatment initiatives to ensure the benefits of increased access to care are realized.