Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics problem solving skill acquisition: Learning by Problem Posing or by Problem Solving?

Abstract : Problem posing is an instructional method where students are asked to create problems based on the given information, then solve them. While in an instructional method of problem solving, students learn by solving given problems. The aim of this study was to test: (1) the differences of efficacy between learning by problem posing and the problemsolving method of individual and small group instruction strategies; (2) the interaction effect of learning methods and grouping strategies.With regard to the independent variables, problemsolving skill or cognitive load, a quasi experiment with post-test-only-non-equivalent control group designwas used. Year 7 contextual mathematics problems were tested in this experiment, and one hundreds students, who had sufficient prior knowledge, participated. A 2 by 2 anova was employed for data analysis. The results showed that: (1) problem posing method was significantly more effective than problem-solving method; (2) there was no significant difference in efficacy between individualized instruction and small group instruction strategies; (3) the interaction between learning methods and grouping strategies, where it is more likely that learning problem posing was better than problem solving for individual instruction. Keywords: cognitive load, individual, mathematics, problem posing, problem solving, small group PENGUASAAN KETERAMPILAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA: BELAJAR MELALUI PROBLEM POSING ATAU PROBLEM SOLVING Abstrak : Problem posing adalah suatu metode pembelajaran dimana siswa diminta untuk menciptakan masalah-masalah berdasarkan informasi yang diberikan, kemudian siswa diminta menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Sedangkan dalam metode pembelajaran problem solving , siswa belajar melalui penyelesaian masalah yang telah ditentukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji: (1) perbedaan efektivitas metode pembelajaran problem posing dan problem soving secara individual atau kelompok; (2) Efek interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dan strategi pengelompokan belajar. Dengan meninjau pada variabel terikat, keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan muatan kognitif, kuasi eksperimen dirancang dengan desain post-test-only-non-equivalent control groups . Materi pembelajaran dalam eksperimen adalah masalah matematika kontekstual untuk kelas 7, dengan sampel sejumlah 100 siswa yang telah mempunyai pengetahuan awal yang memadai. Anova dua jalur digunakan untuk analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari kedua metode pembelajaran, dimana problem posing lebih efektif daripada problem solving ; (2) tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara strategi belajar individu atau kelompok; (3) ada efek interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan strategi pengelompokan, dimana dalam strategi belajar individu, menggunakan problem posing lebih baik daripada menggunakan problem solving , tetapi ada kecenderungan sebaliknya untuk strategi belajar kelompok. Kata kunci: muatan kognitif, individual, matematika, problem posing, problem solving , kelompok kecil
The goddesses and gods of Old Europe, 6500-3500 BC : myths and cult images

European civilization between 6500 and 3500 BC long before Greek or Judaeo-Christian civilizations flourished had a distinct culture with its own unique identity. The mythical imagery of this era tells us much about early humanity's concept of the cosmos, of human relations with nature, of the complementary roles of male and female. Through study of sculpture, vases and other cult objects, Gimbutas sketches the village culture that evolved there before it was overwhelmed by the patriarchal Indo-Europeans. The Goddess incarnating the creative principle as Source and Giver of All, fertility images, mythical animals and other artifacts are analysed for their mythic and social significance in this beautifully illustrated study.
Measuring the Impacts of Online Word-of-Mouth on Tourists' Attitude and Intentions to Visit Jordan: An Empirical Study

Reduced consumer trust, both of organizations and advertising, has led to electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) becoming an increasingly popular way of obtaining competitive advantage. e-WOM is especially relevant with regard to tourism, specifically tourists’ attitudes toward such destinations. This study explores the empirical and theoretical evidence regarding the causal e-WOM relationships between tourists’ attitudes regarding specific destinations and actual intention to travel. In the context of visits to Jordan, we applied SEM technique to examine these relationships. A pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample with response rate of 97.3%. The result revealed that e-WOM communications positively impact tourists’ travel intentions and their attitudes toward Jordan as a destination, while a positive effect is found for the attitudes toward Jordan visit on their intention to travel. Managers of travel agency can consider various aspects of e-WOM to encourage tourists to participate in online travel communities and to build such communities, as this will foster trust in terms of visiting Jordan.
Estimation of the effect of long-range transport on seasonal variation of aerosols over northeastern India

Spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) at ten discrete channels in the visible and near IR regions were estimated over Dibrugarh, located in the northeastern part of India, using a ground-based multi-wavelength solar radiometer (MWR) from October 2001 to February 2006. The observations reveal seasonal variations with low values of AODs in retreating monsoon and high values in the pre-monsoon season. Generally the AODs are high at shorter wavelengths and low at longer wavelengths. AOD spectra are relatively steep in winter compared to that in the monsoon period. The average value of AOD lies between 0.44±0.07 and 0.56±0.07 at 500 nm during the pre-monsoon season and between 0.19±0.02 and 0.22±0.02 during re-treating monsoon at the same wavelength. Comparison of MWR observation on Dibrugarh with satellite (MODIS) observation indicates a good correspondence between ground-based and satellite derived AODs. The synoptic wind pattern obtained from National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), India and back trajectory analysis using the NOAA Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT4) Model indicates that maximum contribution to aerosol extinction could be due to transport of pollutants from the industrialized and urban regions of India and large amounts of desert and mineral aerosols from the west Asian and Indian desert. Equal contributions from Bay-of-Bengal (BoB), in addition to that from the Indian landmass and west Asian desert leads to a further increase of AOD over the region of interest in the pre-monsoon seasons.
The effect of dietary levels of yellow lupin seeds [Lupinus luteus L.] on feed preferences and growth performance of young pigs

Feed preference (Experiment I) and growth performance tests (Experiment II) were carried out on growing pigs fed on diets differing in yellow lupin levels. In Experiment I , dietary choices were determined using the single stimulus method on 12 individually kept young pigs. In Experiment I I , basic growth parameters were studied in 36 young pigs. Three diets were used: control (1), with soyabean meal (SBM) as the only high-protein component, and experimental diets in which lupin protein substituted for 75 (diet 2) or 100% (diet 3) of SBM protein. The lupin content in diets 2 and 3 was 19 and 25%, respectively. During a 28-day feed preference test, daily intake of the three diets amounted to 760, 736 and 700 g, respectively; the differences are statistically significant. The average daily weight gains and feed intake were similar, while the best feed conversion ratio was in pigs fed on the diet with 19% yellow lupin seed meal.
The Market Impact and Timing of Open Market Share Repurchases in Norway

This paper examines a detailed dataset on open market repurchase announcements and actual repurchases conducted by Norwegian firms during the period 1998-2001. Firms that announce a repurchase plan experience a positive excess return around the announcement date. However, these firms also experience an abnormal performance after the announcement, suggesting that the market underreacts to the positive signal conveyed through the announcement. When examining the sample of actual repurchases, we find that there is a positive price impact around the execution dates, indicating that the market puts a positive value on the information conveyed through the actual repurchases. In the long run, only announcing firms that do not repurchase experience a significant positive abnormal performance, while a portfolio tracking the repurchasing firms perform according to expectations. In addition, announcing firms that do not repurchase are less liquid than repurchasing firms. One suggested explanation for the finding is that firms by executing repurchases mitigate the undervaluation by confirming their initial signal through actual transactions such that these firms perform as expected in the long run. Due to the lower liquidity of non-repurchasing firms, they are likely to be constrained from exploiting mispricing and unable to signal undervaluation to the market. If this is the case, the price remains too low, and information surprises in later periods contribute to the long term abnormal return drift for these companies.
Double quantum dot coupled to a quantum point contact: a stochastic thermodynamics approach

We study the nonequilibrium properties of an electronic circuit composed of a double quantum dot (DQD) channel capacitively coupled to a quantum point contact (QPC) within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. We show that the transition rates describing the dynamics satisfy a nontrivial local detailed balance and that the statistics of energy and particle currents across both channels obeys a fluctuation theorem. We analyze two regimes where the device operates as a thermodynamic machine and study its output power and efficiency fluctuations. We show that the electrons tunneling through the QPC without interacting with the DQD have a strong effect on the device efficiency.
Yiky Lam – Master Thesis – Target Accounting Quality in Mergers & Acquisitions

This study aims to provide evidence on whether higher accounting quality of target firms leads to more profitable acquisition for a sample of Western European firms between 1997 and 2012. Both short-term and long-term measurements are used to test the effect of target accounting quality. In addition, this study also examines non-return tests. More specifically, this study investigates whether target accounting quality has an impact on the speed of the M&A process. Furthermore, this study examines whether target accounting quality has an impact on the likelihood that a proposed acquisition is ultimately completed. The results indicate that the short-term returns to acquirers are significantly higher when the target has higher accounting quality. When controlling for uncertainty, the effect remains significantly positive. In the long term, the effect of target accounting on profitability is significantly positive as well. The results also show that targets with high accounting quality are associated with a shorter deal process. Moreover, this study finds that high accounting quality increases the likelihood of deal completion. Using a subsample in which renegotiation is most likely to occur by excluding deals involving tender offers, the results indicate that target accounting quality does not affect the likelihood of renegotiation. JEL Classification: G11, G14, G34, M41
Board Structure and Price Informativeness

We develop and test the hypothesis that stock price informativeness affects the structure of corporate boards. We find a negative relation between price informativeness and board independence. This finding is robust to the inclusion of many firm-level controls, including firm fixed effects, and to the choice of the measure of price informativeness. Consistent with the hypothesis that price informativeness and board monitoring are substitutes, this relation is particularly strong for firms more exposed to both external and internal governance mechanisms and for firms in which firm-specific knowledge is relatively unimportant. Our results suggest that firms with more informative stock prices have less demanding board structures.
Inequality in health versus inequality in lifestyles

This paper uses repeated cross section data from Norway to compare patterns of inequality in self assessed health and obesity with patterns of inequality in underlying lifestyles central to the production of good health, namely physical activity, non-smoking and diet quality, represented by fish and fruits and vegetables consumption. We estimate a multivariate probit model to study correlates of these lifestyle and health variables, while Gini and concentration indices are being decomposed to identify sources of inequality. Results point towards considerable heterogeneity across the different lifestyle and health variables. Thus, patterns of inequality in health outcomes are not necessarily representative of patterns of inequality in their underlying production factors, including lifestyles. While education is generally found to be an important source of inequality, and in some variables, primarily the health variables, also income, there are several cases in which other factors are much more important in explaining inequality, such as gender in fruits and vegetables eating, age in fish eating, and maternal education in obesity. Assuming that poor health and health inequality should ideally be prevented rather than treated, policies should mainly focus on production factors of health, including lifestyles, rather than final health itself. To be efficient, however, the design of such policies may need to be based on lifestyle-specific knowledge, as suggested by our heterogeneous results.
Gene-expression programming to predict the local scour depth at downstream of stilling basins

This research introduces an approach to predict maximum scour depth, scour hole length, and the length of the deepest point of the scour hole at equilibrium conditions at downstream of stilling basins by using the GEP. Five non-dimensional parameters in terms of physical properties of bed sediments, stilling basin length, tail water depth, and discharge of spillway were considered as input variables to evaluate the scour hole geometry. The GEP model was developed using experimental datasets collected from literature. Results of the GEP models were compared with those obtained using ANFIS and non-linear regression analysis. Performances indicated that the proposed GEP models to characterize scour hole geometry produced more accurate results than the other methods. In addition, results of sensitivity analysis to de ne the most e ective independent parameters on scour hole geometry were reported. Finally, proper application of the proposed model has been con rmed as the GEP-based best formulation, which is a useful soft computing tool for prediction of scour hole geometry at downstream of a stilling basin.
On Sub-ENSO Variability

Multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) of surface zonal wind, sea surface temperature (SST), 20° isotherm depth, and surface zonal current observations (between 1990 and 2004) identifies three coupled ocean–atmosphere modes of variability in the tropical Pacific: the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the annual cycle, and a mode with a 14–18-month period, which is referred to as sub-ENSO in this study. The sub-ENSO mode accounts for the near 18-month (near annual) variability prior to (following) the 1997/98 El Nino event. It was strongest during this El Nino event, with SST anomalies exceeding 1°C. Sub-ENSO peak SST anomalies are ENSO-like in structure and are associated with eastward propagating heat content variations. However, the SST anomalies are preceded by and in near quadrature with relatively strong remotely forced westward propagating zonal current variations, suggesting the sub-ENSO mode arises from the zonal-advective feedback. The sub-ENSO mode is found to exist also in an intermediate complexity model (ICM) of the tropical Pacific. A heat budget analysis of the model’s sub-ENSO mode shows it indeed arises from the zonal-advective feedback. In the model, both ENSO and sub-ENSO modes coexist, but there is a weak nonlinear interaction between them. Experiments also show that the observed changes in sub-ENSO’s characteristics may be explained by changes in the relative importance of zonal and vertical advection SST tendencies.
Texture-Based Modeling of Sheet Metal Forming and Springback

In this paper the application of a crystal plasticity model f or body-centered cubic crystals in the simulation of a sheet metal forming process is discussed. The material mode l parameters are identified by a combination of a texture approximation procedure and a conventional parame ter identification scheme. In the application of a cup drawing process the model shows an improvement of the strain and earing prediction as well as the qualitative springback results in comparison with a conventional pheno menological model.
A model of knowledge management and the N‐form corporation

A model of knowledge management is developed. It builds on the interplay between articulated and tacit knowledge at four different levels: the individual, the small group, the organization, and the interorganizational domain. The model is applied on differences between Western and Japanese patterns of knowledge management. These are related to organizational characteristics, such as employment systems, career patterns, and organization structure. Effective knowledge management is argued to require departures from the logic of hierarchical organization and the M-form structure. The alternative N-form is characterized and suggested as more appropriate. It entails combination of knowledge rather than its division, which is the basic principle in the M-form. Other attributes of the N-form are: temporary constellations of people, the importance of personnel at 'lower levels', lateral communication, a catalytic and architectural role for top management, strategies aimed at focusing and economies of depth, and heterarchical structures. In recent discussions of needed foci for the analysis of corporate strategy and theories of the firm, two types of calls for a shift of emphasis are increasingly heard. First, the internal organization and management of firms are emphasized. Rumelt, Schendel and Teece (1991: 22) stress 'organizational capabilities, rather than productmarket positions or tactics, as the enduring source of advantage. ' Nelson and Winter (1982: 135) posed the challenge of developing the subject of 'organizational genetics,' indicating that 'the real work remains to be done. ' Almost a decade later, Nelson (1991) insists even more strongly that differences between individual firms constitute a core problem, and that analyses have to consider firm strategies, structures and core capabilities in greater depth. The emerging ideas are claimed to serve as a basis 'not only as a guide to management, but also as a basis for a
A Multi-Disciplinary Approach For Determining Adoption Of Agricultural Price Risk Management Strategies

Australian wool producers have been slow to adopt price risk management strategies to stabilise the income from their wool sales. The highly volatile auction system accounts for 85% of raw wool sales while the remainder is sold by forward contract, futures and other hedging methods. Qualitative analysis was used to find behavioural factors associated with the adoption of price risk management strategies (specifically futures and forward contracts) for selling raw wool. Consideration was given to Diffusion of Innovations and the Theory of Planned Behaviour as theoretical frameworks in order to answer the research question: Are there any non-traditional behavioural factors that need to be incorporated into existing frameworks to determine adoption of price risk management strategies for selling raw wool? In contrast to these prominent theories, data from four focus groups conducted with wool producers in regional Western Australia showed that trust, habit and social cohesion were the major behavioural determinants that governed the adoption of price risk management strategies. The significance of this paper lies in its multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the dimensions of farm-level decision making.
CREENCIAS Y CONDUCTAS AMBIENTALES LIBERALISMO ECONÓMICO Y FELICIDAD

Se identifican y analizan las creencias ambientales agrupadas bajo los terminos 'nuevo paradigma ambiental’ (NPE, Dunlap, Van Liere, Merting& Jones, 2000) respecto de la conducta ambiental, el liberalismo economico, la religiosidad y la felicidad en la poblacion joven -urbana y rural- de una region del valle central de Chile. Una muestra de 409 participantes de 33 anos de edad promedio respondio una bateria de instrumentos constituida por el NEP-R que mide creencias acerca de la relacion entre el hombre y la naturaleza por medio de dos dimensiones: antropocentrismo y ecocentrismo; la Escala de Conducta Ecologica (ECE); la Escala de Liberalismo Economico (ELE), y la de Felicidad Subjetiva (EFS). La procedencia urbana o rural no tiene efectos sobre ninguna de las variables evaluadas. Las creencias generales a favor del medio ambiente estan relacionadas positivamente con la conducta ecologica (o pro-ambiental) y la felicidad subjetiva, no asi con el liberalismo economico (rs(409) ≥0,138; ps≤ 0,041). Este ultimo esta correlacionado solo con los aspectos de las creencias asociados al pensamiento anti-antropocentrico (r(409)= 0,192; p= 0,004) de modo que quienes tienen un pensamiento economicamente mas liberal no creen en la supremacia del hombre sobre la naturaleza. Quienes se adscriben a alguna religion tienen mas creencias ecocentricas que quienes no, sin observarse diferencias etarias ni sexuales para otras variables. Se plantean preguntas e implicaciones y se debate acerca de estos y otros resultados.
Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years

The application of radiogenic isotopes to the study of Cenozoic circulation patterns in the South Pacific Ocean has been hampered by the fact that records from only equatorial Pacific deep water have been available. We present new Pb and Nd isotope time series for two ferromanganese crusts that grew from equatorial Pacific bottom water (D137-01, “Nova,” 7219 m water depth) and southwest Pacific deep water (63KD, “Tasman,” 1700 m water depth). The crusts were dated using 10Be/9Be ratios combined with constant Co-flux dating and yield time series for the past 38 and 23 Myr, respectively. The surface Nd and Pb isotope distributions are consistent with the present-day circulation pattern, and therefore the new records are considered suitable to reconstruct Eocene through Miocene paleoceanography for the South Pacific. The isotope time series of crusts Nova and Tasman suggest that equatorial Pacific deep water and waters from the Southern Ocean supplied the dissolved trace metals to both sites over the past 38 Myr. Changes in the isotopic composition of crust Nova are interpreted to reflect development of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and changes in Pacific deep water circulation caused by the build up of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The Nd isotopic composition of the shallower water site in the southwest Pacific appears to have been more sensitive to circulation changes resulting from closure of the Indonesian seaway.