Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binding of Cytoplasmic Proteins to the CD19 Intracellular Domain Is High Affinity, Competitive, and Multimeric1

CD19 is required for the development of B1 and marginal zone B cells, for Ab responses, and for B cell memory. CD19 immunoprecipitates contain a complex of cytoplasmic proteins, including Lyn, Vav, phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), Grb2, and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Which of these bind directly to CD19 and the strengths of the interactions are unknown. These issues are important in understanding the signaling functions of CD19, which are crucial for normal B cell physiology. Using purified, recombinant proteins, we now show that each of these signaling proteins contains at least one Src homology 2 (SH2) domain that interacts directly with the phosphorylated CD19 cytoplasmic domain. The affinities of binding of the SH2 domains of Vav, p85, and Grb2 to CD19 are each in the nanomolar range by surface plasmon resonance (Biacore) analysis. Binding of Lyn and PLCγ2 do not fit 1:1 modeling. However, analyses of binding data (Lyn) and competition experiments (PLCγ2) suggest that these bind with comparable affinity. Competition experiments demonstrate that SH2 domains whose binding is dependent on the same CD19 tyrosine(s) compete for binding, but these SH2 domains do not impede binding of different SH2 domains to other CD19 tyrosines. We conclude that binding to the CD19 cytoplasmic domain is multimeric, high affinity, and competitive. The high affinity of the interactions also suggests that tyrosines that were nonessential in vivo are nevertheless functional. A preliminary structural model suggests that CD19 forms a signaling complex containing multiple cytoplasmic proteins in close proximity to each other and to the plasma membrane.
PENGARUH KONDISI FUNDAMENTAL, INFLASI, DAN SUKU BUNGA SERTIFIKAT BANK INDONESIA TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM (Study Kasus pada Perusahaan Real Estate dan Property yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2010-2013)

This research is motivated by the results of researches differences which have been done by other researchers. Moreover, it is also because construction companies in the sector of Real Estate and Property which develops a lots. The developing influences the stock prices in the sector of Real Estate and Property in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the effect of the fundamental conditions, inflation, and SBI interest rates on the stock prices. This research is done in Pojok Bursa Efek Indonesia. the fundamental factors which are used in this research is Current Ratio, Return on Asset, Debt Equity Ratio, and Total Asset Turn Over. The data which are used are the secondary data which are taken from IDX with 180 populations, and 132 data are treated. The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling. The data technique analysis in this research uses multiple linear regression techniques. The regression test results show that the influence of fundamentals, inflation, and SBI interest rates partially positive effect on stock prices. The third influence of independent variable on the dependent variable is just 10.5%. It is necessary for the addition of variables in future researches. Keyword: fundamental conditions, inflation, SBI interest rates, and stock prices
Alteration of contractile and regulatory proteins following partial bladder outlet obstruction

This paper reviews the contractility and the expression of contractile and regulatory proteins in the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) following partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) in rabbits. PBOO was surgically induced by partial ligation of the urethra in adult male New Zealand White rabbits. The force generated by DSM strips from normal and obstructed bladders which showed bladder dysfunction, despite detrusor hypertrophy (decompensated bladder, DB) was measured. The expression of contractile and regulatory proteins was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The DSM from obstructed DB revealed an overexpression of SM-A myosin heavy chain isoform (associated with decreased maximum velocity of shortening). DSM from sham-operated rabbits showed phasic contractions, whereas the detrusor from DB was tonic, exhibiting slow development of force, a longer duration of force maintenance, and slow relaxation. Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 enhanced the relaxation of precontracted (with 125 mM KCl) DSM strips from DB. The enhancement of relaxation of DB by Y-27632 was associated with dephosphorylation of myosin light chain. The detrusor from normal bladders expresses predominantly the smooth muscle caldesmon (h-CaD), a thin filament-associated protein. However, the DSM from DB shows an overexpression of l-CaD, the non-muscle isoform of CaD. The l-CaD colocalizes with myosin in the cytoplasmic filaments in myocytes. These results show that the alteration of contractility of the detrusor following PBOO is associated with changes in the expression of proteins that form the contractile apparatus and regulate the actomyosin ATPase activity and contraction.
Medical and Surgical Treatment for Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

Prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis and of tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) in patients after kidney transplantation is a challenge for the nephrologist and for the surgeon. Indication and results of medical and surgical therapy for SHPT and THPT have remained under discussion during the last decades. This review resumes the current medical and surgical strategies for patients with SHPT and THPT.
The comparative gastrointestinal morphology of Jaculus jaculus (Rodentia) and Paraechinus aethiopicus (Erinaceomorpha)

Jaculus jaculus (Lesser Egyptian jerboa) and Paraechinus aethiopicus (Desert hedgehog) are small mammals which thrive in desert conditions and are found, among others, in the Arabian Peninsula. Jaculus jaculus is omnivorous while P. aethiopicus is described as being insectivorous. The study aims to describe the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) morphology of these animals which differ in diet and phylogeny. The GITs of J. jaculus (n = 8) and P. aethiopicus (n = 7) were weighed, photographed, and the length, basal surface areas, and luminal surface areas of each of the anatomically distinct gastrointestinal segments were determined. The internal aspects of each area were examined and photographed while representative histological sections of each area were processed to wax and stained using haematoxylin and eosin. Both species had a simple unilocular stomach which was confirmed as wholly glandular on histology sections. Paraechinus aethiopicus had a relatively simple GIT which lacked a caecum. The caecum of J. jaculus was elongated, terminating in a narrow cecal appendix which contained lymphoid tissue on histological examination. The internal aspect of the proximal colon of J. jaculus revealed distinct V‐shaped folds. Stomach content analysis of J. jaculus revealed mostly plant and seed material and some insects, whereas P. aethiopicus samples showed plant material in addition to insects, indicating omnivorous feeding tendencies in areas where insects may be scarce. J. Morphol. 277:671–679, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radioiodine therapy compared in patients with toxic nodular or Graves' hyperthyroidism.

In view of uncertainty regarding the most appropriate radioiodine dose for patients with hyperthyroidism due to toxic nodular disease or Graves' disease, we prospectively studied outcome in patients with these disorders given a single 5 mCi (185 MBq) dose of radioiodine. We studied 103 patients receiving their first radioiodine dose; 44 with toxic nodular hyperthyroidism and 59 with Graves' hyperthyroidism. Thyroid status (off anti-thyroid drug therapy) at 6 and 12 months after radioiodine was related to diagnosis, use of carbimazole before or after radioiodine, and physical and biochemical findings. At 6 months, persistent hyperthyroidism was less frequent in toxic nodular disease than in Graves' disease (34.1% vs. 55.9%, p < 0.05); hypothyroidism was also less frequent (11.4% vs. 27.1%, p < 0.05). Those with persistent hyperthyroidism at 6 months were given a second (10 mCi, 370 MBq) dose of radioiodine. At 12 months after the first dose, 80.6% of the group with toxic nodular hyperthyroidism were either euthyroid or hypothyroid, and 74.5% of those with Graves' disease were euthyroid or hypothyroid, the rate of hypothyroidism again being less in toxic nodular disease (19.4% vs. 58.8%, p < 0.05). Logistic regression and stepwise discriminant analysis demonstrated that 'cure' (euthyroidism or hypothyroidism) at 6 months was related to serum free T4 at presentation (p < 0.001) and administration of carbimazole before or after radioiodine (p < 0.001) (severe hyperthyroidism and carbimazole increasing the likelihood of persistent hyperthyroidism) but was not related to the diagnosis of toxic nodular or Graves' hyperthyroidism. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tobacco Nicotine Uptake Permease Regulates the Expression of a Key Transcription Factor Gene in the Nicotine Biosynthesis Pathway1[C][W]

The nicotine transporter NUP1 is required for jasmonate-mediated expression of a transcription factor that affects enzyme expression for the biosynthesis of tobacco alkaloids. The down-regulation of a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plasma membrane-localized nicotine uptake permease, NUP1, was previously reported to reduce total alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. However, it was unclear how this nicotine transporter affected the biosynthesis of the alkaloid nicotine. When NUP1 expression was suppressed in cultured tobacco cells treated with jasmonate, which induces nicotine biosynthesis, the NICOTINE2-locus transcription factor gene ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR189 (ERF189) and its target structural genes, which function in nicotine biosynthesis and transport, were strongly suppressed, resulting in decreased total alkaloid levels. Conversely, NUP1 overexpression had the opposite effect. In these experiments, the expression levels of the MYC2 transcription factor gene and its jasmonate-inducible target gene were not altered. Inhibiting tobacco alkaloid biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of genes encoding enzymes in the nicotine pathway did not affect the expression of ERF189 and other nicotine pathway genes, indicating that ERF189 is not regulated by cellular alkaloid levels. Suppressing the expression of jasmonate signaling components in cultured tobacco cells showed that NUP1 acts downstream of the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 receptor and MYC2, but upstream of ERF189. These results suggest that although jasmonate-activated expression of MYC2 induces the expression of both NUP1 and ERF189, expression of ERF189 may actually be mediated by NUP1. Furthermore, NUP1 overexpression in tobacco plants inhibited the long-range transport of nicotine from the roots to the aerial parts. Thus, NUP1 not only mediates the uptake of tobacco alkaloids into root cells, but also positively controls the expression of ERF189, a key gene in the biosynthesis of these alkaloids.
The Effects of Earnings Quality, Conservatism, and Real Earnings Management on the Company’s Performance and Information Asymmetry as a Moderating Variable

This study investigates the role of information asymmetry as a moderating variable to strengthen or to weaken the effects of earnings quality, conservatism, and real earnings management on the company’s performance. This study utilized data from Indonesia and Singapore for years 2004- 2013. The results suggest that earnings quality positively affects the company’s performance; however accounting conservatism does not affect the company’s performance and real earnings management negatively affects the company’s performance. Moreover, information asymmetry weakens the effects of earnings quality and conservatism on the company’s performance but strengthens the effect of real earnings management on the company’s performance.
Cardiovascular responses to submaximal treadmill running in 11 to 13 year olds

The influence of age, sex, maturity, body size and body fatness on cardiac output (Q) and stroke volume (SV) during treadmill running at 2.22 m·s−1 was examined longitudinally. Mass, stature, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, and oxygen uptake (VO2) were recorded and Q was estimated using the CO2 rebreathing technique on each of three annual measurement occasions. Maturity was assessed using the indices for pubic hair described by Tanner. At the onset, subjects were 11.3 (0.4) y of age and data were available from a total of 274 Q determinations with equal numbers from boys and girls. Age‐, sex‐ and maturity‐associated changes in Q and SV adjusted for differences in body size and fatness were examined using multilevel regression modelling within an allometric framework. Changes in Q in both sexes were essentially in direct proportion to body surface area but, even with anthropometric variables controlled for, girls demonstrated a lower SV than boys, which was compensated for by a higher heart rate (HR) at each observation.
Correlation between Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Luminal Diameter with Body Mass Index and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the correlation between carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and luminal diameter (LD) with body mass index (BMI) and other cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study took place between June 2013 and March 2014 in the Radiology Department of Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Iraq. Non-randomly selected subjects ≥20 years old (n = 140) were divided into BMI groups and evaluated for the following cardiovascular risk factors: gender, age, hypertension (HTN), diabetes (DM), smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels. IMT and LD of the extracranial carotid arteries were measured by B-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS The mean IMT was 0.8 ± 0.3 mm, ranging from a total mean of 0.7 mm in the normal BMI group to 1.0 mm in the extremely obese group. A significant correlation was found between IMT and BMI (P = 0.04), but not between BMI and LD (P = 0.3). No significant difference in mean IMT or LD was seen between genders. Significant correlations were found between IMT and age, HTN, DM, high serum cholesterol and TG levels (P <0.001). An increase of one BMI unit caused a 0.009 mm increase in IMT and an increase of one year in age caused a 0.011 mm increase in IMT. CONCLUSION Age, obesity, HTN, DM, high serum cholesterol and TG levels were found to have an impact on carotid IMT, which is a strong marker for the early development of atherosclerosis.
Dimensions of depressive symptoms and smoking cessation.

Because different psychopathologic components of depressive symptoms may have distinct etiologies, examining their differential effects on smoking cessation may elucidate mechanisms underlying the smoking-depression relationship. Negative affect (NA), somatic features (SF), low positive affect/anhedonia (PA), and interpersonal disturbance (IP) have been identified as unique dimensions of depression that can be measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). This study examined common and unique associations between CESD subscales and baseline smoking characteristics, nicotine withdrawal, and relapse in 157 participants enrolled in a smoking cessation trial for heavy social drinkers. Each dimension was univariately associated with negative and positive reinforcement smoking motives. Only SF had unique relations with tolerance smoking motives and univariate associations with nicotine dependence severity. Only PA predicted cessation-related changes in withdrawal symptoms on quit day. Analyses predicting abstinence at 8, 16, and 26 weeks post quit date showed that NA, SF, and PA each univariately predicted relapse, ps< or =. 0083. Only low PA predicted poorer outcomes incrementally to the other dimensions, even when controlling for level of nicotine dependence, smoking frequency, and history of major depression, p = . 0018. Interventions targeting anhedonia and low positive affect may be useful for smokers trying to quit.
Blocking Caspase Activity Prevents Transsynaptic Neuronal Apoptosis and the Loss of Inhibition in Lamina II of the Dorsal Horn after Peripheral Nerve Injury

We show that transsynaptic apoptosis is induced in the superficial dorsal horn (laminas I-III) of the spinal cord by three distinct partial peripheral nerve lesions: spared nerve injury, chronic constriction, and spinal nerve ligation. Ongoing activity in primary afferents of the injured nerve and glutamatergic transmission cause a caspase-dependent degeneration of dorsal horn neurons that is slow in onset and persists for several weeks. Four weeks after spared nerve injury, the cumulative loss of dorsal horn neurons, determined by stereological analysis, is >20%. GABAergic inhibitory interneurons are among the neurons lost, and a marked decrease in inhibitory postsynaptic currents of lamina II neurons coincides with the induction of apoptosis. Blocking apoptosis with the caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (zVAD) prevents the loss of GABAergic interneurons and the reduction of inhibitory currents. Partial peripheral nerve injury results in pain-like behavioral changes characterized by hypersensitivity to tactile or cold stimuli. Treatment with zVAD, which has no intrinsic analgesic properties, attenuates this neuropathic pain-like syndrome. Preventing nerve injury-induced apoptosis of dorsal horn neurons by blocking caspase activity maintains inhibitory transmission in lamina II and reduces pain hypersensitivity.
Traumatically Induced Vertebral Artery Occlusion Associated with Cervical Spine Injuries: Prospective Study Using Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Study Design. A prospective study using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) on a consecutive cohort of patients with cervical spine injuries. Objective. To investigate clinical and radiographic features of vertebral artery injury/occlusion associated with nonpenetrating cervical spine trauma. Summary of Background Data. With the popularization of MRA, vertebral artery injury has been a common complication of cervical spine trauma. However, detailed clinical features such as restoration of blood flow in occluded vessels and collateral circulation have not been fully evaluated. Methods. During a 2-year period, 64 consecutive patients with cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations were prospectively evaluated for patency of the vertebral artery and collateral circulation. Extracranial and intracranial MRAs were conducted at initial injury and follow-up. Results. Vertebral artery occlusion occurred in 11 patients, including 10 with unilateral and 1 with bilateral. Only the patient with bilateral occlusion was symptomatic but had no permanent neurologic deficit as a result of brain ischemia. He had complete circle of Willis, which provides sufficient collateral blood supply from anterior circulation. Follow-up MRAs revealed restoration of blood flow in occluded vessel(s) in 3 patients. All of them had compressive injuries. Conclusions. The incidence of traumatically induced vertebral artery occlusion was 17.2%. The potential for blood flow restoration was higher in compressive injuries than in distractive injuries. The mechanism of occlusion in compressive injuries is likely to be vasospasm or minor artery dissection, which may cause reversible occlusion because vessels are subjected to relatively minor stretching in compressive injuries. Vertebral artery occlusion was rarely symptomatic because of sufficient collateral blood supply through not only contralateral vertebral artery but also the circle of Willis.
Alterations of hippocampal GABAergic system contribute to development of spontaneous recurrent seizures in the rat lithium‐pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Reorganization of excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the hippocampal formation following seizure‐induced neuronal loss has been proposed to underlie the development of chronic seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we investigated whether specific morphological alterations of the GABAergic system can be related to the onset of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) in the rat lithium‐pilocarpine model of TLE. Immunohistochemical staining for markers of interneurons and their projections, including parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and type 1 GABA transporter (GAT1), was performed in brain sections of rats treated with lithium‐pilocarpine and sacrificed after 24 h, during the silent phase (6 and 12 days), or after the onset of SRS (10–18 days after treatment). Semiquantitative analysis revealed a selective loss of interneurons in the stratum oriens of CA1, associated with a reduction of GAT1 staining in the stratum radiatum and stratum oriens. In contrast, interneurons in CA3 were largely preserved, although GAT1 staining was also reduced. These changes occurred within 6 days after treatment and were therefore insufficient to cause SRS. In the dentate gyrus, extensive cell loss occurred in the hilus. The pericellular innervation of granule cells by PV‐positive axons was markedly reduced, although the loss of PV‐interneurons was only partial. Most strikingly, the density of GABAergic axons, positive for both GAD and GAT1, was dramatically increased in the inner molecular layer. This change emerged during the silent period, but was most marked in animals with SRS. Finally, supernumerary CB‐positive neurons were detected in the hilus, selectively in rats with SRS. These findings suggest that alterations of GABAergic circuits occur early after lithium‐pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus and contribute to epileptogenesis. In particular, the reorganization of GABAergic axons in the dentate gyrus might contribute to synchronize hyperexcitability induced by the interneuron loss during the silent period, leading to the onset of chronic seizures. Hippocampus 2001;11:452–468. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for deficits on different components of theory of mind in Huntington's disease.

OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Huntington's disease (HD) on cognitive and affective Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities. The relation of ToM performance and executive functions was also examined. METHOD Eighteen HD patients, early in the course of the disease, and 18 healthy volunteers matched for age and educational levels, were given two tasks: a nonverbal cognitive ToM task assessing attribution of intentions to others and a revised version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' test, which is an affective ToM task assessing the understanding of other people's mental states from their eyes. Participants were also given various executive tests. RESULTS The two ToM tasks revealed a significant impairment of ToM abilities in HD patients. Executive functioning was impaired in the HD group and ToM performance on the attribution of intentions task was dependent on several executive processes. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with the idea that both cognitive and affective aspects of ToM could be impaired in HD patients, indicating that cortico-subcortical circuits are underlying higher social functions such as ToM. The results are also consistent with the idea that only a few executive mechanisms regulate the ToM abilities we tested in this work. They also provide a basis for the understanding of the disorganized behavior and the breakdown of interpersonal relationships in daily life after HD.