Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of DEN-1 Virus Isolated in Guangzhou, China, in 2002

Virus was isolated and identified from the serum samples of patients with suspected classical dengue fever (DF) in Guangzhou province, China, in 2002. The serum was incubated with the Aedes albopictus cell line, C6/36, for isolation and 5 of 20 serum samples caused cytopathologic effects on C6/36 cells. A 539-nucleotide (nt) fragment in the NS1 region of the isolated virus genome was amplified using universal primers of 4 serotypes of DEN viruses. By sequencing the primer-extension production and blasting in the GenBank, the isolated strain was the closest to rDEN-1 dalte30 (AY145123), which was an attenuation strain of DEN-1 virus. A 593nt fragment from the Envelope-Nonstructural protein 1 (E/NS1) of these isolates was also sequenced to compare it with published sequences of other DEN-1 viruses. The 240nt from the E/NS1 region of this DEN-1 virus genome was the closest to DEN-1/T14 strain (M32931), which was genotype IV. The phylogenetic analysis of the NS1 (480nt) and E/NS1 (240nt) regions of the gene nucleotide sequences was performed using neighbour-joining methods: 11 strains of DEN-1 virus were divided into three genotypes: I, IV and V, as defined by Rico -Hesse, or Asia, South Pacific and Americas/Africa, as defined by Goncalvez. Based on the sequence information and the definition, the isolated virus (named DEN-1/GZ 2002) strain belonged to DEN-1 and IV or South Pacific genotypes. The suckling mice died on days 10 to 11 after intracerebral inoculation with the isolated virus. TCID50 of the virus was 4.37 log pfu/0.2ml. Small plaques with an unclear edge were seen on Vero cells on days 8 to 9 after infection. Combined with clinical data that thousands of patients only showed DF manifestations, the results suggested that DEN-1/GZ 2002 might be a low-virulence strain.
Utilization of seafood processing wastes for cultivation of the edible mushroom Pleurotus flabellatus

A study was conducted to examine the utilization of seafood processing wastes for artificial cultivation of edible mushroom Pleurotus flabellatus in laboratory condition. Utilizing bioconversion technology such as the slow release of nutrients for agricultural based activities like producing mushroom will profitably reduce seafood waste and also enhancing environmental quality. The selected agro-industrial wastes such as coir pith, woodchips and sugarcane bagasse were mixed with cooked fish waste (CFW) in the ratio of 1:1 (500 g : 500 g). The substrates which were not mixed with CFW were treated as control. All the above materials were allowed to decompose partially for about 15 days. The partially composted materials were placed in heat resistant transparent sterilized polyethylene bags. Each sterile bag was then aseptically inoculated with P. flabellatus . The bags were then incubated under ambient temperature and controlled humidity. The maximum biological yield per bed was obtained with sugarcane bagasse control bed 58.05±0.88 g/bed. The lowest yield was observed in the substrate woodchips: CFW (1:1) 24.43±0.30 g / bed. Based on the mass obtained for P. flabellatus , the best substrates were in the ordered of woodchips>coir pith>sugarcane. This could be used to cultivate an edible mushroom while at the same time promoting environmental sustainability and increase soil fertility. Keywords: Mushroom, cooked fishery waste, solid substrates, biological yield African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(17), 1779-1785
Vaginal Birth After Caesarean Section (VBAC): A Descriptive Study From Middle East

The study, conducted in the tertiary care military hospital of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, describes the outcome of vaginal birth after caesarian section (VBAC) in women with a previous caesarean. The women opted for trial of labor was subjected to obstetric protocol of the hospital. Of the 370 women on trial of scar, 74.86% had successful vaginal delivery and 25.14% had emergency caesarean section. Majority (93%) had spontaneous onset of labor and it was induced in the rest with prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel. VBAC was higher in those with a prior vaginal birth and was poor among women operated upon earlier for failed progress of labour or cephalopelvic disproportion. But for one maternal death due to sickle cell crisis, no serious complications occurred for mother or the baby. To conclude, if women with previous single caesarean section for nonrecurring indication are subjected to trial of labor, around 75% could have successful vaginal delivery.
Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Oral Desmopressin for Nocturia in the Elderly Patient

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of using oral desmopressin in the treatment of nocturia in the elderly. Patients And Method: During the last 8 years we have treated with oral desmopressin (Minurin® 60 mcg) 118 elderly males (mean age 75 years) suffering from nocturia (mean of 5 urinations). We prospectively evaluated the micturition volume the night before and after treatment and the number of voids and the time until the first night-time micturition. Periodic analytical studies were conducted in all patients, primarily of plasma sodium levels. To assess the impact of nocturia on quality of life and satisfaction with treatment received, we used the validated nocturia-specific N-QoLquestionnaire. Results: In all patients there was a decrease in the number of nighttime micturitions from the first week of treatment, none presenting any manifestations of clinical relevance to suggest treatment side effects. No significant laboratory abnormalities were evident either, and the patients experienced significant quality of life improvement. Conclusions: Treatment with oral desmopressin is an effective and well tolerated measure in the elderly nocturia patient. It provides a significant reduction in nocturnal urine volume compared to baseline, showing a reduction in the number of night-time urinations and a prolongation of uninterrupted sleep to first void. This offers a clear improvement in patients’ quality of life, with minimal likelihood of adverse effects, and we believe that its use should be included in the urologist’s routine therapeutic measures.
Comparison of immunogenic efficacy of mono and polyvalent rabies vaccines in dogs

Monovalent and polyvalent vaccines are commonly used rabies cell culture vaccines that can vary in their immunogenic efficacy in dogs. In this study, immunogenic efficacy of two monovalent vaccines (Rabisin and Rabisyva-VP13) and a polyvalent vaccine (Hexadog DHP-LR) was compared. Sixteen adult, healthy, non-vaccinated dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups (A to D). Dogs in groups A, B, and C were inoculated with Rabisin (1 dose S/C), Hexadog DHP-LR (1 dose S/C), and Rabisyva-VP13 (1 dose S/C), respectively, at day 0 and 21. Dogs in group D were maintained as negative controls (non-vaccinated). Serum samples were collected on days of vaccination (0 and 21) and every 30 days for up to 300 days. Rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) titers were determined by Rapid Florescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). The monovalent vaccines were found to generate higher RVNA titers than the polyvalent vaccine. Vaccine type and post vaccination intervals significantly affected the RVNA titers. Gender of dogs did not affect vaccine efficacy except that gender had some effect on RVNA titers generated by polyvalent vaccinated dogs.
Solid State Characterization of Anacardium occidentale Gum

This study sought to characterize Anacardium occidentale gum (cashew gum-CG) from Nigeria. Microbial load on the purified gum and acute toxicity of the gum on rabbits were determined using standard procedures. The elemental content of extracted gum was determined using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and the amount of inorganic elements was evaluated by determining the total ash content and acid insoluble ash. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X- Ray Powder Diffractometry (XRPD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and swelling index test were employed to further characterize the gum. Results revealed that no enteric or fungal microbe was present in the extracted gum; and the LD50 of the gum in rabbits is greater than 5000 mg/Kg. The ash content and acid insoluble ash of the purified gum were 1.5 and 0.3% respectively, while EDS revealed only Ca as the inorganic element present in the gum. DSC revealed a melting point of 291.5oC; XRPD showed no sharp peak; FTIR showed characteristic bands at 710 to 1040 per cm, 1643, 2901, 3208 and 3379 per cm; SEM revealed that the gum is amorphous; and the purified gum did not swell in water. It is therefore evident from this work that Anacardium occidentale gum of Nigerian origin possesses some characteristics that are markedly different from those of Brazilian or Ghanaian origin.
Effects of lunar cycles on the activity patterns and depth use of a temperate sport fish , the largemouth bass , Micropterus salmoides

The behaviour of free-swimming, telemetered, adult largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (L.), was monitored using a whole lake, three-dimensional acoustic telemetry array to test the hypothesis that fish activity and depth distribution are influenced by lunar phase. The percent of lunar face shining and whether the moon was waxing or waning were significant determinants of swimming activity and depth distribution during most of the lunar cycles evaluated, although these patterns were not consistent across the year. In spring and summer, daily depth distribution followed a pattern in which the fish inhabited greater depths on the 26–50% and 51–75% waxing moon. Fish daily movement distances were five times greater during spring and summer than in winter, but no repeatable patterns were noted in relation to lunar periodicity. This Correspondence: K. C. Hanson, Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6 (e-mail: khanson2@connect.carelton.ca) Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2008, 15, 357–364 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008. 00634.x Fisheries Management and Ecology
The Effect of Job Stress on Hierarchy Preferences

Organizational behavior research has shown a number of individual and group behavior patterns emerge under stress, ultimately shifting the collective norm. Yet while existing research has delineated these behaviors, relatively less work has been done to uncover employees’ preferences regarding group structures. Given the direct ties between job stress, employee satisfaction, turnover, and performance (Sullivan and Bhagat, 1992), it is important to uncover these preferences and eventually evaluate whether they measure up to enacted behaviors. If there is a disconnect between group members’ espoused preferences and enacted behavior, it would be worth investigating the phenomenon as a source of an organization’s turnover rate and performance. In this thesis, I propose that individual preferences for group structure are dependent on several individual characteristics which are in turn moderated by stress: social dominance orientation (SDO), leadership ability, individual self-efficacy, and group-efficacy. Because SDO is a measure of one’s preference for inequality between social groups, it presumably translates into a higher preference for hierarchy in the workplace as well. Yet prior studies have demonstrated that leaders may prefer to entrust more responsibilities to their team when under stress (Driskell and Salas, 2017). Therefore we suggest that under stress, the traditionally positive correlation between hierarchy preference and characteristics such as leadership and SDO, are overturned. In addition, I suggest that stress type is a key factor in understanding the relationship between individual characteristic and hierarchy preferences. From Experiments 1,2, and 3, we find that there is a salient interaction effect between Qualitative and No Stress conditions when moderated by SDO. That is, while high-SDO individuals naturally prefer more hierarchy, under qualitative stress they prefer less hierarchy. This result supports existing
The recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based NDACC FTIR observations since 2005

Abstract. Changes of atmospheric methane total columns (CH4) since 2005 have been evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar observations carried out at 10 ground-based sites, affiliated to the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). From this, we find an increase of atmospheric methane total columns of 0.31 ± 0.03 % year−1 (2σ level of uncertainty) for the 2005–2014 period. Comparisons with in situ methane measurements at both local and global scales show good agreement. We used the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model tagged simulation, which accounts for the contribution of each emission source and one sink in the total methane, simulated over 2005–2012. After regridding according to NDACC vertical layering using a conservative regridding scheme and smoothing by convolving with respective FTIR seasonal averaging kernels, the GEOS-Chem simulation shows an increase of atmospheric methane total columns of 0.35 ± 0.03 % year−1 between 2005 and 2012, which is in agreement with NDACC measurements over the same time period (0.30 ± 0.04 % year−1, averaged over 10 stations). Analysis of the GEOS-Chem-tagged simulation allows us to quantify the contribution of each tracer to the global methane change since 2005. We find that natural sources such as wetlands and biomass burning contribute to the interannual variability of methane. However, anthropogenic emissions, such as coal mining, and gas and oil transport and exploration, which are mainly emitted in the Northern Hemisphere and act as secondary contributors to the global budget of methane, have played a major role in the increase of atmospheric methane observed since 2005. Based on the GEOS-Chem-tagged simulation, we discuss possible cause(s) for the increase of methane since 2005, which is still unexplained.
EMI shielding: Methods and materials—A review

The growth in the application of electronic devices across a broad spectrum of military, industrial, commercial and consumer sectors has created a new form of pollution known as noise or radio frequency interference (RFI) or electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can cause interference or malfunctioning of equipment. Therefore, there is a greater need for the effective shielding of components from its adverse effects. This review surveys the shielding materials like metals, conducting plastics and conducting polymers for the control of electromagnetic radiations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Innovation and technological knowledge in the Upper Paleolithic of Northern Eurasia

The technology of modern humans is unique in the animal kingdom with respect to its complexity and capacity for innovation. Evidence of technological complexity and creativity in the archeological record is broadly coincident with and presumably related to traces of creativity in art, music, ritual, and other forms of symbolism. The pattern of modern human technology is part of a larger package of behavior (sometimes referred to as “behavioral modernity”) that emerges with the appearance of industries in Eurasia classified as Upper Paleolithic, but has deeper roots in the African Middle Stone Age. 1–5 .
Evaluating drivers of vulnerability to climate change: a guide for insect conservation strategies

Ongoing global climate change presents serious challenges in conservation biology, forcing us to revisit previous tools and principles based on how species may respond to novel climatic conditions. There is currently a major gap between predictions of species vulnerability and management strategies, despite the fact that linking these areas is fundamental for future biodiversity conservation. Herein, we evaluate what drives vulnerability to climate change in three Iberian endemic water beetles, representing three independent colonizations of the same habitat, employing comparative thermal physiology, species distribution models and estimations of species dispersal capacity. We derive conservation strategies for each species based on their differential capacity to persist and/or potential to shift their ranges in response to global warming. We demonstrate that species may be affected by climatic warming in very different ways, despite having broadly similar ecological and biogeographical traits. The proposed framework provides an effective complement to traditional species vulnerability assessments, and could aid the development of more effective conservation strategies in the face of global warming.
Anticancer, biophysical and computational investigations of half-sandwich ruthenium(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes: The effect of arene versus thiacrown face-cap

A series of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes, two containing an arene face-cap and the other a thiacrown ether face-cap were synthesized to investigate the necessity of the arene for anticancer activity in this class of compounds. The complexes are formulated as [(η-p-cymene)Ru(dmabTSC)Cl]PF6, [(η6-benzene) Ru(dmabTSC)Cl]PF6 (arene complexes), and [([9]aneS3(dmabTSC)Cl]PF6 (dmabTSC = dimethylaminobenzaldehye thiosemicarbazone). It was observed that none of the complexes showed good anticancer activity in vitro against HCT-116 and Caco-2 (colon adenocarcinoma) cells. All three complexes can bind strongly to calfthymus DNA with binding constants on the order of 105 M-1. In addition they all bind strongly to human serum albumin with binding constants between 105 and 106 M-1. There appears to be a single binding site on the protein for these complexes. A computational investigation of these complexes and their hydrolysis products was carried out by molecular docking with DNA and topoisomerase II. From this analysis it is noted that the type of face-capping ligand had different effects on the two macromolecules. It is therefore noted that the knowledge gained from this study will be useful in identifying the type of complexes in this class that show useful metallodrug potential. Correspondence to: Floyd A Beckford, The University of Virginia’s College at Wise, 1 College Avenue, Wise, VA 24293, USA, Tel: (276) 376-4657; Fax: (276) 307-7496; E-mail: fab5b@uvawise.edu
The Role of Trust in Community Wildland Fire Protection Planning

Growing accumulations of fuel, changing climates, and residential development in forested landscapes have accelerated the risk of wildland fire, particularly in the western United States. The magnifying level of risk of fire in the urban–wildland interface requires multiple actors implementing coordinated fuel management, fire suppression, and community protection activities. The successful implementation of such actions is built upon trusting relationships in fire protection planning process. Trust is fundamental to cooperative human relationships and natural resource planning literature increasingly cites lack of trust as a major issue for plan implementation. This study of two community wildland fire protection planning processes revealed the importance of transparency in decisions, effective leadership, consensus on the framing of risk, and planning scale in affecting trust. Based on these results, five suggestions are offered as necessary conditions to promote effective community wildland fire protection plans.
Uptake and fate of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima in the bay scallop Argopecten irradians

Bivalve molluscs can acquire diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins via ingestion of toxigenic dinoflagellates. The dynamics and fate of DSP toxins were investigated in the bay scallop Argopecten irradians exposed to cells of the epibenthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima, a known producer of DSP toxins, in controlled laboratory microcosms. Toxin parameters determined were uptake and detoxification rates, and anatomical compartmentalization. Toxins in tissue and algal extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). No mortalities occurred and feeding inhibition was not observed for juvenile and adult bay scallops during the 2 wk exposure to P. lima cells. Clearance rates were similar for scallops exposed to equivalent biovolume cell concentrations of toxigenic P. lima and the non-toxic diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii; however, absorption efficiency of organic matter was significantly lower with a diet of P. lima than T. weissflogii. Although DSP toxin concentrations in viscera of bay scallop exceeded commonly accepted regulatory levels (0.2 μg g -1 whole tissue) within 24 h of exposure to P. lima, after 2 wk of exposure total DSP toxin retained in scallop tissues was <1 % of the total toxin ingested over the same period. Most of the total toxin body burden was in the viscera (76%); however, in adult scallops a significant portion was associated with gonadal tissue (12%). Toxin levels were relatively low in gill, mantle and adductor tissue (<12% of total toxin body burden). During the depuration period, rapid release of DSP toxins from scallops indicated that toxins were poorly bound to all tissues, with the exception of the viscera. Detoxification of viscera consisted of a rapid loss of weakly bound toxin components within the initial 3 d of depuration, followed by a much slower release of the remaining toxin at a rate of 8.4 % d -1 .
Preliminary study of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) stock differentiation inferred from microsatellite DNA analysis

Five albacore samples were drawn from archival stock materials in the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries laboratory. One sample each came from the Northwest Pacific (NW Pacific; Japan), Southwest Pacific (SW Pacific; Australia), Southeast Pacific (SE Pacific; Chile and Peru), and two came from the Northeast Atlantic (NE Atlantic; Biscay Bay) and the Southwest Atlantic (SW Atlantic; Brazil). These samples were derived from the same sample lots used by Chow and Ushiama (1995). Nucleo­ tide sequences of the four primer sets, PCR amplification conditions needed to amplify the four microsatellite loci (Ttho-1*, -4*, -6* and -7*) devel­ oped for Pacific northern bluefin tuna (T. thynnus orientalis), and electro­ phoresis procedures can be found in Takagi et al. (1999). Differentiation of allele frequencies between and among samples was estimated by a fixation index (FST) with Arlequin version 1.1 (Schneider et al., 1997).