Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the misuse of residuals in ecology : testing regression residuals vs . the analysis of covariance

1. An analysis of variance (  ) or other linear models of the residuals of a simple linear regression is being increasingly used in ecology to compare two or more groups. Such a procedure (hereafter, ‘residual index’) was used in 8% and 2% of the papers published during 1999 in the Journal of Animal Ecology and in Ecology , respectively, and has been recently recommended for studying condition. 2. Although the residual index is similar to an analysis of covariance (  ), it is not identical and is incorrect for at least four reasons: (i) the regression coefficient used by the residual index differs from the one used in  and is not the least-squares estimator of the model. (ii) in contrast to the  , the error d.f. in the residual index are overestimated because of the estimation of the regression coefficient. (iii) the residual index also assumes the homogeneity of regression coefficients (parallelism assumption), which should be tested with a special  design. (iv) even if the assumptions of the linear model hold for the original variables, they will not hold for the residuals. 3. More importantly, the residual index is an ad hoc sequential procedure with no statistical justification, unlike the well-known  . For these reasons, I suggest that a t -test or an  of the residuals should never be used in place of an  to study condition or any other variable.
Using Ballistocardiography to Perform Key Distribution in Wearable IoT Networks

A WIoT is a wireless network of low-power sensing nodes placed on the human body. While operating, these networks routinely collect physiological signals to send to offsite medical professionals for review. In this manner, these networks support a concept known as pervasive healthcare in which patients can be continuously monitored and treated remotely. Given that these networks are used to guide medical treatment and depend on transmitting sensitive data, it is important to ensure that the communication channel remains secure. Symmetric pairwise cryptography is a traditional scheme that can be used to provide such security. The scheme functions by sharing a cryptographic key between a pair of sensors. Once shared, the key can then be used by both parties to encrypt and decrypt all future messages. To configure a WIoT to support the use of symmetric pairwise cryptography a key distribution protocol is required. Schemes for pre-deployment are often used to perform this distribution. These schemes usually require inserting key information into WIoT devices before they can be used in the network. Unfortunately, this need to manually configure WIoT devices can decrease their usability. In this thesis we propose and evaluate an alternative approach to key distribution that uses physiological signals derived from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. The evaluation of our approach indicates that more study is required to determine techniques that will enable ballistocardiography-derived physiological signals to provide secure key distribution.
Clinical Evaluation of Uveitis In Kashmir

Purpose: To evaluate the cases of uveitis with regards to age of presentation, type, clinical presentation and etiology. Material and Methods: A total 130 eyes of 100 patients of uveitis, with average age of 36.5 years, were selected consecutively to find out the clinical presentation of uveitis and its possible etiological factors. Detailed present, past and family history was taken from all the patients. The patients were examined from head to toe and help of other specialists was also sought when required. Relevant laboratory investigations were also done to reach the final etiological diagnosis. Observations: The total of 130 eyes of 100 patients were chosen for the study which included 49 males and 51 females. Anterior, posterior, intermediate and pan-uveitis was seen in 66(87 eyes), 32(40 eyes), 0 and 2(3eyes) patients respectively. The total of 70 cases had unilateral and 30 had bilateral involvement. Among the above cases, 44.83% eyes (39/87 eyes) had acute anterior uveitis and 20% eyes (8/40 eyes) had acute posterior uveitis whereas rest had chronic form. 72% cases (n=72) were between 20 – 60 years of age, 1% (n=1) below 10 years and 12% (n=12) above 60 years of age. Most of the cases were idiopathic in nature. Toxoplasmosis was found as etiology in 6 out of 100 cases (2 in anterior and 4 in posterior uveitis series). Conclusion: Uveitis is rare in children but common in working age group so early and proper diagnosis and treatment is necessary in this age group. There is increase in incidence in elderly , so early and appropriate work up and treatment is needed in them to prevent visual disability in them. The etiology of uveitis varies with geographical region and race.
Jornalistas de São Paulo: quem são e o que pensam em comparação aos jornalistas americanos e franceses

Uma enquete com 402 jornalistas que trabalham para as principais empresas de comunicacao de Sao Paulo, complementada por entrevistas pessoais, investiga seus valores profissionais e a satisfacao no trabalho, e compara-os com a situacao dos profissionais americanos e franceses. Os brasileiros sentem-se muito influenciados pelo jornalismo americano, mas em muitos aspectos praticam o velho modelo de jornalismo de opiniao desenvolvido pelos franceses. Segundo alguns jornalistas ilustres, o Brasil produz uma caricatura do jornalismo americano.
Proposed standardized definitions for vertical resolution and uncertainty in the NDACC lidar ozone and temperature algorithms - Part 2: Ozone DIAL uncertainty budget

Abstract. A standardized approach for the definition, propagation, and reporting of uncertainty in the ozone differential absorption lidar data products contributing to the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) database is proposed. One essential aspect of the proposed approach is the propagation in parallel of all independent uncertainty components through the data processing chain before they are combined together to form the ozone combined standard uncertainty. The independent uncertainty components contributing to the overall budget include random noise associated with signal detection, uncertainty due to saturation correction, background noise extraction, the absorption cross sections of O3, NO2, SO2, and O2, the molecular extinction cross sections, and the number densities of the air, NO2, and SO2. The expression of the individual uncertainty components and their step-by-step propagation through the ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) processing chain are thoroughly estimated. All sources of uncertainty except detection noise imply correlated terms in the vertical dimension, which requires knowledge of the covariance matrix when the lidar signal is vertically filtered. In addition, the covariance terms must be taken into account if the same detection hardware is shared by the lidar receiver channels at the absorbed and non-absorbed wavelengths. The ozone uncertainty budget is presented as much as possible in a generic form (i.e., as a function of instrument performance and wavelength) so that all NDACC ozone DIAL investigators across the network can estimate, for their own instrument and in a straightforward manner, the expected impact of each reviewed uncertainty component. In addition, two actual examples of full uncertainty budget are provided, using nighttime measurements from the tropospheric ozone DIAL located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Table Mountain Facility, California, and nighttime measurements from the JPL stratospheric ozone DIAL located at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawai'i.
Tropism Coreceptor Assay Information ) : a new phenotypic 1 tropism test and its correlation with TROFILE ® ( ES ) and genotypic 2 approaches 3 4

TROCAI (Tropism Coreceptor Assay Information): a new phenotypic 1 tropism test and its correlation with TROFILE (ES) and genotypic 2 approaches 3 4 Alejandro Gonzalez-Serna, Manuel Leal, Miguel Genebat, Maria Antonia Abad, 5 Antonio Garcia-Perganeda, Sara Ferrando-Martinez, Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos. 6 7 Laboratory of Immunovirology, Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBIS), Infectious 8 Diseases Service. Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Running title: TROCAI: a new phenotypic tropism test 17 18 *Correspondence footnote: Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos Carmona, Ph.D. 19 Laboratorio de Inmunovirología. Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Instituto 20 de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)/ Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocio. 21 Edificio Laboratorios 6a planta. Avd. Manuel Siurot s/n. 41013Seville – Spain. 22 Tel. 0034 955013291. Fax. 0034 955013292. e-mail: 23 ezequiel.ruizmateos@gmail.com 24 Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/JCM.00953-10 JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 13 October 2010
Di ff usion NMR Study of Complex Formation in 1 Membrane-Associated Peptides 2

Pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) is used to obtain 6 the true hydrodynamic size of complexes of peptides with sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS 7 micelles. The peptide used in this study is a 19-residue antimicrobial peptide, GAD-2. Two 8 smaller dipeptides, alanine-glycine (Ala-Gly) and tyrosine-leucine (Tyr-Leu), are used for 9 comparison. We use PFG-NMR to simultaneously measure diffusion coefficients of both 10 peptide and surfactant. These two inputs, as a function of SDS concentration, are then fit to 11 a simple two species model that neglects hydrodynamic interactions between complexes. 12 From this we obtain the fraction of free SDS, and the hydrodynamic size of complexes 13 in a GAD-2–SDS system as a function of SDS concentration. These results are compared 14 to those for smaller dipeptides and for peptide-free solutions. At low SDS concentrations 15 ([SDS] ≤ 25 mM), the results self-consistently point to a GAD-2–SDS complex of fixed 16 hydrodynamic size R =(5.5 ± 0.3) nm. At intermediate SDS concentrations (25 mM < [SDS] 17 Suliman Barhoum Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada E-mail: sulimanb@mun.ca, Valerie Booth Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada Tel.: 709-864-4523 E-mail: vbooth@mun.ca, Anand Yethiraj Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada Tel.: 709-864-2113 E-mail: ayethiraj@mun.ca ar X iv :1 21 0. 66 43 v2 [ co nd -m at .s of t] 1 5 Ja n 20 13 2 Suliman Barhoum, Valerie Booth and Anand Yethiraj < 60 mM), the apparent size of a GAD-2–SDS complex shows almost a factor of two increase 18 without a significant change in surfactant-to-peptide ratio within a complex, most likely 19 implying an increase in the number of peptides in a complex. For peptide-free solutions, 20 the self-diffusion coefficients of SDS with and without buffer are significantly different at 21 low SDS concentrations but merge above [SDS]=60 mM. We find that in order to obtain 22 unambiguous information about the hydrodynamic size of a peptide-surfactant complex 23 from diffusion measurements, experiments must be carried out at or below [SDS] = 25 mM. 24
Shallots in Croatia – genetics, morphology and nomenclature

Abstract - The term 'shallot' in Croatia denotes three genetically and morphologically different, vegetatively reproduced relatives of the common onion, Allium cepa L. , which are mainly traditionally cultivated for consumption and as a spice: A. cepa Aggregatum group, (2n = 2x = 16), A. × proliferum (Moench) Schrad. (2n = 2x = 16) and A. × cornutum Clementi ex Vis. (2n = 3x = 24). This paper reviews the results of studies of their morpho- -anatomical characteristics and genetic structure. Although all three taxa were determined as varieties of the common onion, only the shallot A. cepa Aggregatum group (syn. A. ascalonicum L.) belongs to that species. The shallot A. × proliferum represents a hybrid between the two closely related species, A. cepa and A. fistulosum L. The third form of shallot, A. × cornutum is a still incompletely understood triploid hybrid between A. cepa and one or two closely related Allium species, whose identity has not been fully elucidated. In contrast to shallot A. cepa Aggregatum group, which has normal meiosis and produces fertile seed, hybrid shallots A. × proliferum and A. × cornutum are sterile, and reproduce exclusively vegetatively by underground bulbs or bulbils from the inflorescence.
Winners and Losers from a Commodities-for-Manufactures Trade Boom

A recent boom in commodities-for-manufactures trade between China and other developing countries has led to much concern about the losers from rising import competition in manufacturing, but little attention on the winners from growing Chinese demand for commodities. Using census data for Brazil, we find that local labour markets more affected by Chinese import competition experienced slower growth in manufacturing wages between 2000 and 2010. However, we observe faster wage growth in locations benefiting from rising Chinese commodity demand during the same period.
Knowledge of Computer Ergonomics among Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology Students in Karnataka, India

Ergonomics is the science of designing the job to fit the worker. Neglect of ergonomic principles results in inefficiency and pain in the workplace. The objective of this research is to assess the knowledge of Computer Ergonomics among Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology Students in Karnataka. In this Cross-sectional study, 177 Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology Students were recruited. A questionnaire is used to gather details regarding Personal characteristics, Computer Usage and Knowledge of Ergonomics. Descriptive statistics was produced for Personal characteristics and Computer usage. The distribution of responses to the items related to Ergonomic knowledge was presented by percentage of the subjects who answered correctly. The results shows that Majority of the subjects were unaware of ergonomics (32.8% correct responses), cumulative trauma disorders (18.6% correct responses), healthy postures related to elbow (34.4% correct responses), wrist & hand (39.5% correct responses), Level of Monitor (35% correct responses), Position of mouse (47.4% correct responses) and Mini breaks (42.9% correct responses). This research highlighted the necessity of Ergonomic training regarding healthy postures and the measures to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders for the students.
Synergistic Eff ects of Combining Morphological and Molecular Data in Resolving the Intraspecifi c Classifi cation in O . basilicum

High levels of both morphological and chemical variability exist within the O. basilicum L. species. Long-term traditional uses and wide distribution throughout the world, as well as traditional selection and breeding eff orts, have contributed to variability within the species. Morphological traits according to UPOV descriptor list and AFLP markers were utilized to defi ne the extent of existing variation in the species analyzing 24 accessions. Phenotypic dissimilarities between pairs of accessions were calculated and the UPGMA dendrogram was constructed. A number of clearly defi ned clusters have been detected, giving a good representation of traditional taxonomic relationships. Genetic relationships were determined by Neighbour-Joining cluster analysis based on Dice’s distance matrix between accessions. Generally, morphologically similar accessions grouped together and a high congruence between trees was observed. Our analyses revealed a certain degree of correspondence between morphological and molecular data among O. basilicum L. accessions. Both AFLP markers and morphological descriptors can contribute in resolving existing problems concerning intraspecifi c classifi cation in O. basilicum.
Mechanical properties of lipid bilayers

PB Everyone agrees that the bending modulus (also known as KC or κ) is an important property of biomembranes, as it quantifies the flexibility that is important to cell functions (Nagle, 2013). For many years, we have used the traditional Canham–Helfrich model for fluctuations to analyse diffuse X-ray scattering in order to obtain values for the bending modulus KC (Liu & Nagle, 2004). Theory and molecular dynamics simulations have suggested that the next level of refinement to describe membrane fluctuations should extend this model to include molecular tilting (May et al., 2007). This extension is widely considered to be important for understanding membrane fusion (Ryham et al., 2016). Of the two versions of an extended model, the Brown model (Watson et al., 2011) has been shown to provide the more accurate description of the hydrocarbon chains as determined by simulations (Kopelevich & Nagle, 2015).
STAR FORMATION AT 4 < z < 6 FROM THE SPITZER LARGE AREA SURVEY WITH HYPER-SUPRIME-CAM (SPLASH)

Using the first 50% of data collected for the Spitzer Large Area Survey with Hyper-Suprime-Cam observations on the 1.8 deg2 Cosmological Evolution Survey we estimate the masses and star formation rates of 3398 M* > 1010 M☉ star-forming galaxies at 4 < z < 6 with a substantial population up to M* ≳ 1011.5 M☉. We find that the strong correlation between stellar mass and star formation rate seen at lower redshift (the “main sequence” of star-forming galaxies) extends to z ∼ 6. The observed relation and scatter is consistent with a continued increase in star formation rate at fixed mass in line with extrapolations from lower-redshift observations. It is difficult to explain this continued correlation, especially for the most massive systems, unless the most massive galaxies are forming stars near their Eddington-limited rate from their first collapse. Furthermore, we find no evidence for moderate quenching at higher masses, indicating quenching either has not occurred prior to z ∼ 6 or else occurs rapidly, so that few galaxies are visible in transition between star-forming and quenched.
MicroRNA-374 a promotes esophageal cancer cell proliferation via Axin 2 suppression

MicroRNA-374a (miR-374a) is involved in the progress of various types of cancer, and may indicate a poor prognosis. However, its role in esophageal cancer remains to be determined. In the present study, the role of miR-374a in esophageal cancers and cancer cell growth was examined using miR-374a overexpression and underexpression models. The results showed that miR-374a was markedly increased in esophageal cancer cell lines and tumor samples from patients with esophageal cancer. In esophageal cancer Eca109 cells, the ectopic overexpression of miR-374a promoted cell growth. Additionally, cell growth was reduced by miR-374a inhibition. The mechanisms underlying the promotive role were examined and it was found that miR-374a significantly decreased the expression and transcription activity of axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2). Axin2, a tumor suppressor, exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on Eca109 cell growth. The results identified a new role of miR-374a in esophageal cancer involving Axin2 suppression.
Liberalization , Knowledge , and Technology : Lessons from Veterinary Pharmaceutics and Poultry in Mexico

I use two case studies on the veterinary pharmaceutical and poultry sectors in Mexico to discuss technological change in relation to liberalization in trade and investment. Most of the observed technological change takes the form of implementation rather than R&D. Taking as context a Schumpeterian model that shows that implementation is subject to disadvantages that can lead to a low technology trap, I discuss and compare technological change in Mexico to that occurring in the developed countries. Since technological levels are determinants of comparative advantage, and the social returns of technological change are often higher than the private returns, public support of the demand and supply of innovation could produce important benefits. Well designed policies need not prejudice efficiency and competition.
Modular Denotat ional Semant ics for Compi l er Construct ion *

We show the benefits of applying modular monadic semantics to compiler construction. Modular monadic semantics allows us to define a language with a rich set of features from reusable building blocks, and use program transformation and equational reasoning to improve code. Compared to denotafional semantics, reasoning in monadic style offers the added benefits of highly modularized proofs and more widely applicable results. To demonstrate, we present an axiomatization of environments, and use it to prove the correctness of a well-known compilation technique. The monadic approach also facilitates generating code in various target languages with different sets of built-in features.
MTHFR and MTR polymorphisms and breast cancer in Brazilian women.

 Abstract — Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer, and mortality rates remain high among Brazilian women. However, the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in one-carbon metabolism genes in breast cancer in Brazilian women is less clear. We aimed examine the association between the SNPs, in two genes in one-carbon metabolism alone and in cumulation, and the risk of breast cancer in an Brazilian population based case-control study of 257 breast cancer cases and 177 controls. Our hypothesis was woman who carries more risk genotypes has a higher susceptibility for developing breast cancer. Genotyping for MTHFR C677T and MTR A2756G polymorphisms were performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) method. Our results in population studied indicated that 677 C>T and 2756 A>G substitution does not appear to influence the risk of breast cancer. The cumulative effect was not observed with the OR being gradually elevated with increasing number of risk genotypes. However, larger studies are needed to further examine this interactions in this pathway and breast cancer risk in Brazilian women, as well in women of others nationalities.
ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF SUPERNOVA SiC AND Si3N4 GRAINS FROM THE QINGZHEN (EH3) CHONDRITE

We report Al–Mg, Ca, and Ti isotopic data in 16 silicon carbide grains and four silicon nitride grains from the Qingzhen enstatite chondrite. Previous C, N, and Si isotopic measurements had identified these grains as type X grains, believed to have an origin in Type II supernovae (SNe). The grains analyzed include both subtypes X1 and X2. Twelve SiC and three Si3N4 grains show evidence for initial 26Al, and eight SiC grains evidence for 44Ti; 11 SiC grains have 49Ti excesses, possibly indicating the initial presence of 49V. A correlation with subtype is shown for 44Ti: X2 grains that have the highest inferred 44Ti/48Ti ratios. A weaker correlation exists for N ratios: X2 grains with 12C/13C > 300 have higher 14N/15N ratios than X1 grains. We compare our data and data from previous reports with the SN models by Rauscher et al. The SN models can explain the C and N isotopic ratios fairly well if material from the 15N-rich spike in the He/N zone of the 25 M☉ SN model is used. They also can explain the 44Ti/48Ti ratios of the X1 and X2 grains. For the latter, substantial contributions from the inner Ni core are required. They indicate that not for all grains the 49Ti excesses can be attributed to decay of 49V and material from the He/C zone, where 49Ti is produced by neutron capture, is needed. The SN models, however, fail in explaining the Si isotopic ratios of most of the grains in a satisfactory fashion and the distinction between X1 and X2 grains. They also fail in explaining the observed correlation between the 26Al/27Al ratios and 12C/13C (and 14N/15N) ratios.