Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Transition Experience Improve Newcomer Performance? Evidence From the National Basketball Association

A substantial body of research has highlighted the effects of experience on individual performance in groups. However, the challenges individuals confront after moving between groups require the adoption of more finely grained categorizations of experience to understand how they will help or hinder performance in novel group environments. This article develops a distinct form of experience here termed transition experience to deal specifically with insights individuals accumulate as they shift membership between different groups and contrasts its impact with that of the frequently examined component of related task experience. Player movement data from the National Basketball Association is used to show that related task experience can produce negative consequences, consistent with prior research. Conversely, low to moderate levels of transition experience can aid performance. This holds true for both individual performance and performance more closely related to coordinated actions with teammates.
Love in the Time of Caller ID: Understanding the Role of Smartphone Technology in Committed Relationships

levels of theoretical thought. An example of how this worked in the context of my study, was in moving from my participants’ discussion of physically accessing or checking their partner’s smartphone, to the more general, abstract theme of “Privacy and Surveillance. ” According to Saldana (2009), themes developed for the purpose of exploring qualitative data should be conceptual in nature; you should not be able to physically ‘touch’ or interact with it in a tangible sense, they should exist at a higher level of abstraction. Throughout the analysis phase of the research, in addition to coding and recoding the data in several cycles, other theme-developing strategies that I relied on included ordering and reordering information while establishing, evaluating and reevaluating the headings and subheadings under which the data would eventually be organized (Saldana, 2009). A regular experience I encountered in the data analysis phase was creating multiple copies of singular pieces of datum. With each new, emergent interview, observation, code, memo, etc., there was always the possibility that every previously analyzed set of data could be reanalyzed, reorganized, and reframed. Engaging with the data and remaining open to the narrative emerging from it helped me to organize my writing, as well as the theoretical and methodological frames being used to anchor the research story for both my audience and myself (Saldana, 2009).
Afforestation in Ireland: examining farm and farmer characteristics behind the decision to plant.

There is increasing evidence that the extent to which managed forests can sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is influenced by changes in forest area, age class structure and management practice. Signatory parties to the Kyoto Protocol can elect to account for CO2 removals associated with Forest Management (confined to pre-1990 forest) under Article 3.4. A premise in formulating accounting rules under the Protocol was that forest sinks should be directly linked to direct human-induced activities. However, carbon (C) stock change in forests is also due to indirect human-induced activities. Indirect factors include increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, nitrogen deposition, and age class legacy effects resulting from historic forest management and afforestation activities. Current accounting frameworks attempt to factor out indirect human induced activities by setting a limit (cap) on accountable CO2 removals or by setting a historic time series baseline (reference level), from which accountable annual removals/emissions can be derived. However, it is argued that these proxies do not factor out historic Forest Management effects (age-class legacies), which disincentivise parties from electing article 3.4 accounting. It is proposed that the use of a projected reference level, which considers age-class structure, can factor out dynamic age-class effects. Effects of indirect human induced activities are considered to be approximately the same in the projected reference level period and in the estimated period (i.e. the commitment period), and therefore they can be assumed to be factored out. However, election of Forest Management under article 3.4 using these newly proposed accounting rules requires development of national systems for forecasting future forest emissions and removals, as well as a methodology to characterise the effects of age class structure on the C balance of managed forests. In this paper, we outline methodologies used to derive a national C stock change reference level for Forest Management activity under Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol for the period 1990 to 2020. We characterise the effects of age class and management legacy on C stock change over historic and projected time series. Different accounting frameworks are compared in relation to compliance with the Marrakesh Accords and ability to provide incentives to enhance sink capacity through Forest Management. We suggest that a projected reference level is best suited to accounting, factoring out legacy effects, and for providing an incentive framework to encourage additional mitigation activities under the Forest Management activity of Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol. It is suggested that the projected reference level approach also factors out indirect human induced effects provided, that the same methodological approaches are used for both the projected reference level and the reported time series
The Dynamic Nature of the Antibody Repertoire

Antibody production by an animal in response to an immunogen is dictated by the repertoire of B cells at the time of stimulation. The repertoire of B cells, however, is continuously changing. This change is brought about by the dynamic character of the repertoire, and by the antigenic experience of the animal. The naive repertoire is formed by genetic recombination events which are independent of antigenic stimulation. Since the size of the B-cell repertoire only allows the expression of a fraction of the genetic repertoire at any given time, only a random sample of the total potential is available. This constitutes the raw material that must be capable of providing initial recognition to any antigenic challenge to which animals are subjected. This raises the question of how an animal discriminates between self and non-self antigens, an aspect of the response we will not discuss here. We want to restrict ourselves to points in which our experience of the anti-oxazolone response gives informative data. We will therefore concentrate our attention on describing the way in which the antigenic experience influences the available B-cell repertoire. Our general ideas on the subject will be discussed in the context of the model presented in Fig. 1. We will argue that antigensensitive B cells from both the naive and the memory repertoire are modified through hypermutation and selection following each round of antigenic stimulation, so as to continuously refme the pool of memory B cells. One of the important conclusions we draw from otir experiments is that the antigetiic stimulation of memory cells leads to further processes of hypermutation and selection, functioning through a highly organized and purpose-developed procedure, probably operating in the germinal centers (see Fig. 1). We wish to argue that the development of such an elaborate procedure, so far unique to antibody-producing B cells, arose in response to the evolutionary advantage
Histological and cytogenetic characterization of bone marrow in relation to prognosis and diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes

Bone marrow (BM) histology of 102 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients was analyzed retrospectively. All the cases were reclassified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Karyotype study was conducted for all except one. Fifteen of the MDS cases were hypoplastic. The cellularity in bone marrow histology is sometimes ineffective in the differential diagnosis of MDS and aplastic anemia (AA). Nonetheless, a marked decrease in the number of megakaryocytes (average, 0.3/mm2; range, 0–2/mm2) even in the hyperplastic foci of the marrow of AA was the most important histological feature differentiating AA from MDS, whereas the number of megakaryocytes increased in most MDS cases (44/mm2; range, 1–240/mm2) and also in hypoplastic MDS (14/mm2; range, 8–26/mm2). Hyperplastic marrow had a significantly high frequency of progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and hypoplastic MDS had a lower rate of progress to AML. Severe myelofibrosis had a significantly poor prognosis. An increase in CD34‐positive cells in MDS indicated a high rate of progress to AML. As for the patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD; the new category under the WHO classification), the increased number of megakaryocytes was correlated with poor prognosis.
Predicting the Intensity for Performing Supramaximal Incline Treadmill Interval Training in Distance Runners

Abstract Ferley, DD and Vukovich, MD. Predicting the intensity for performing supramaximal incline treadmill interval training in distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1354–1361, 2019—Recent evidence highlights the effectiveness of 30-second bouts paired with level-grade supramaximal interval training (SMIT) and incline treadmill training (INC), respectively, in distance runners. Although INC has been described as a form of SMIT, no investigation of INC involving a supramaximal intensity and 30-second bouts has occurred; hence, no established recommendation for prescribing a supramaximal intensity with 30-second bouts for INC exists. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation included reporting on the time-to-exhaustion (Tmax) response and test-retest reliability of running on a 5% grade using supramaximal intensities of 110, 115, 120, 125, and 130% of the velocity associated with maximum oxygen consumption (Vmax). Additionally, these measures were assessed during 140% Vmax and 1% grade. A second aim included determining the %Vmax associated with a 30-second effort via bivariate analysis. Twelve distance runners (age, 26.9 ± 4.8 years; body mass, 69.2 ± 11.7 kg; height, 177.3 ± 10.2 cm; and VO2max, 61.4 ± 6.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed 2 Tmax trials at each intensity for measures of reliability. The dependent variable was the Tmax of each condition. Statistical significance was set to p ⩽ 0.05. Student's t-test revealed no significant differences between trials for all intensities. One-way analysis of variance revealed (a) that Tmax during INC at 110% Vmax was significantly different than all conditions except 115% Vmax and (b) no significant difference in Tmax between 120, 125, 130, and 140% Vmax conditions. In conclusion, Tmax of all conditions proved reliable, and bivariate analysis revealed running at 125% Vmax on a 5% grade yielded a 30-second effort.
Death Don't Have No Mercy and Neither Does Calcium: Arabidopsis CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE GATED CHANNEL2 and Innate Immunity[W]

Plant innate immune response to pathogen infection includes an elegant signaling pathway leading to reactive oxygen species generation and resulting hypersensitive response (HR); localized programmed cell death in tissue surrounding the initial infection site limits pathogen spread. A veritable symphony of cytosolic signaling molecules (including Ca2+, nitric oxide [NO], cyclic nucleotides, and calmodulin) have been suggested as early components of HR signaling. However, specific interactions among these cytosolic secondary messengers and their roles in the signal cascade are still unclear. Here, we report some aspects of how plants translate perception of a pathogen into a signal cascade leading to an innate immune response. We show that Arabidopsis thaliana CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE GATED CHANNEL2 (CNGC2/DND1) conducts Ca2+ into cells and provide a model linking this Ca2+ current to downstream NO production. NO is a critical signaling molecule invoking plant innate immune response to pathogens. Plants without functional CNGC2 lack this cell membrane Ca2+ current and do not display HR; providing the mutant with NO complements this phenotype. The bacterial pathogen–associated molecular pattern elicitor lipopolysaccharide activates a CNGC Ca2+ current, which may be linked to NO generation due to buildup of cytosolic Ca2+/calmodulin.
HOMOLOGOUS LYOPHILIZED VEIN: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR TYMPANIC CLOSURE IN DOGS.

AUTOGENOUS fresh vein used to repair a defect in the tympanic membrane provides a bridge for the epithelium. 1 Furthermore, the vein contributes its own substance, particularly elastic fibers, to the repair of the tympanic membrane. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the possible role that homologous lyophilized vein may play in the surgical repair of tympanic defects. Materials and Methods Defects in the tympanic membranes in two dogs were closed with portions of lyophilized jugular vein from another dog. In one dog (A116-61) a defect made four weeks earlier had healed, so a new perforation, 0.4 X 0.6 cm, was made in the inferior part of the tympanic membrane. The defect was repaired by placing a segment of lyophilized vein beneath the opening on the inner surface of the membrane. The vein segment was held in place by absorbable-gelatin-sponge (Gelfoam) packing in the middle ear and the external
Melatonin Versus Placebo in the Prophylaxis of Cluster Headache

A fall in nocturnal plasma melatonin occurs in patients with cluster headache, suggesting that melatonin may play a role in the promotion of attacks. During a cluster period, we administered melatonin to 20 cluster headache patients (2 primary chronic, 18 episodic) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of oral melatonin 10 mg (n=10) or placebo (n=10) for 14 days taken in a single evening dose. Headache frequency was significantly reduced (ANOVA, p<0.03) and there were strong trends towards reduced analgesic consumption (ANOVA, p<0.06) in the treatment group. Five of the 10 treated patients were responders whose attack frequency declined 3-5 days after treatment, and they experienced no further attacks until melatonin was discontinued. The chronic cluster patients did not respond. No patient in the placebo group responded. There were no side effects in either group. Although the response rate is low, melatonin may be suitable for cluster headache prophylaxis in some patients, particularly those who cannot tolerate other drugs.
WDM Orthogonal Subcarrier Multiplexing

Electro-optical transceivers can be implemented employing all-analog signal processing in order to achieve low values of power consumption and latency. This paper shows that the spectral efficiency of such solutions can be increased by combining orthogonal multicarrier techniques and off-the-shelf microwave components. A real-time 108-Gbit/s experiment was performed emulating a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system composed of five optical channels. The optical carriers were provided by an externally injected gain switched optical frequency comb. Each optical channel transmitted a 21.6-Gbit/s orthogonal subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) signal that was modulated and demodulated in the electrical domain without the requirement for digital signal processing. The net data rate remained higher than 100 Gbit/s after taking into account forward error correction overheads. The use of orthogonally overlapping subchannels achieves an unprecedented spectral efficiency in all-analog real-time broadband WDM/SCM links.
Obligatory Role for B Cells in the Development of Angiotensin II–Dependent Hypertension

Clinical hypertension is associated with raised serum IgG antibodies. However, whether antibodies are causative agents in hypertension remains unknown. We investigated whether hypertension in mice is associated with B-cell activation and IgG production and moreover whether B-cell/IgG deficiency affords protection against hypertension and vascular remodeling. Angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion (0.7 mg/kg per day; 28 days) was associated with (1) a 25% increase in the proportion of splenic B cells expressing the activation marker CD86, (2) an 80% increase in splenic plasma cell numbers, (3) a 500% increase in circulating IgG, and (4) marked IgG accumulation in the aortic adventitia. In B-cell–activating factor receptor–deficient (BAFF-R−/−) mice, which lack mature B cells, there was no evidence of Ang II–induced increases in serum IgG. Furthermore, the hypertensive response to Ang II was attenuated in BAFF-R−/− (&Dgr;30±4 mm Hg) relative to wild-type (&Dgr;41±5 mm Hg) mice, and this response was rescued by B-cell transfer. BAFF-R−/− mice displayed reduced IgG accumulation in the aorta, which was associated with 80% fewer aortic macrophages and a 70% reduction in transforming growth factor-&bgr; expression. BAFF-R−/− mice were also protected from Ang II–induced collagen deposition and aortic stiffening (assessed by pulse wave velocity analysis). Finally, like BAFF-R deficiency, pharmacological depletion of B cells with an anti-CD20 antibody attenuated Ang II–induced hypertension by ≈35%. Hence, these studies demonstrate that B cells/IgGs are crucial for the development of Ang II–induced hypertension and vessel remodeling in mice. Thus, B-cell–targeted therapies—currently used for autoimmune diseases—may hold promise as future treatments for hypertension.
Contribution à la caractérisation non destructive d'objets enfouis par des techniques micro-ondes

L'utilisation des micro-ondes comme moyen d'investigation de materiaux et de structures est de plus en plus repandue. Ainsi, elles apparaissent comme une technique de choix pour la caracterisation d'un large eventail de materiau, mais egalement comme une technique complementaire a des procedes plus traditionnels tels les rayons X, les infrarouges, les ultrasons,. Le travail presente dans ce memoire concerne la caracterisation d'objets enfouis, par des techniques micro-ondes, qui repose sur le releve du coefficient de reflexion d'une sonde placee au contact du milieu sous test. On entend par objets enfouis, une inclusion metallique ou dielectrique noyee dans un milieu hote. Dans le cas de l'inclusion dielectrique, la permittivite est differente de celle du milieu environnant. Ce type d'etudes trouve des applications dans les domaines industriel, scientifique et medical. Dans le but de detecter, localiser et dimensionner les inclusions, des campagnes de mesures ont ete realisees a l'aide d'un systeme, le SPMS-2450, developpe au laboratoire pour la mesure de parametres S a la frequence de 2,45 GHz. Celles-ci ont permis de verifier la pertinence des resultats issus de la modelisation a l'aide, d'une methode modale developpee au laboratoire, et du logiciel commercial HFSS d'Ansoft. La prediction du cœfficient de reflexion selon une ou deux dimensions, connaissant les caracteristiques de la structure de test, a ainsi ete rendue possible. Quant au probleme inverse, nous avons mis au point des techniques de deconvolution par filtrage de Wiener qui permettent d'estimer la section de l'objet sous test.
Prevalence of refractive error in school children of Karachi.

OBJECTIVE To find out the prevalence of refractive error and the eye morbidity in the school children and the associated factors. METHODS One thousand students were selected from different schools of Karachi adopting two stage sampling technique. List of schools was obtained from Board of Secondary Education and 20 schools were randomly selected from the list in the five districts of Karachi during that period. Fifty students from each school were then selected adopting simple random technique. RESULT A total of 1000 children from 20 schools were selected. However 940 were examined. The prevalence of refractive error was 8.9%. Mean age of the students was 9.49 +/- 2.5. Dominant ethnic group was Urdu speaking. Only 10.9% children were ever checked for their ophthalmic examination. Refractive error was associated with female sex but no association was found with class, age, ethnicity, parental education and other risk factors. About 1% students were color blind. Lack of association with increasing class may be due to poor educational training at Public sector schools. CONCLUSION An increased prevalence of refractive error was found in this study. There is a need of periodical eye examination, preferably while entering and leaving the school.
Kenyan pastors’ perspectives on communicating about sexual behaviour and HIV

The article presents an analysis of in-depth interviews with 18 leaders of Christian churches in Nairobi, Kenya, regarding the content and context of messages they disseminate to their congregations about sexual behaviour and HIV. The content of messages was nearly consistent across the different denominations. However, three sorts of tensions were identified within pastoral communication about these topics: the need to discuss sex and HIV versus societal taboos against speaking about those issues from the pulpit; traditional cultural norms versus current lifestyles; and the ideals of abstinence and fidelity versus the reality of congregants’ sexual behaviour. Although some of the religious leaders accepted the idea of condom use, no denominational patterns were noted on that subject, except with respect to Catholic priests. Pentecostal leaders were notable for describing proactive strategies to address both the ideal/real dilemma and the tension between church norms and current media content about sexuality and HIV.
Learning oral presentation skills: a rhetorical analysis with pedagogical and professional implications.

OBJECTIVE Oral presentation skills are central to physician-physician communication; however, little is known about how these skills are learned. Rhetoric is a social science which studies communication in terms of context and explores the action of language on knowledge, attitudes, and values. It has not previously been applied to medical discourse. We used rhetorical principles to qualitatively study how students learn oral presentation skills and what professional values are communicated in this process. DESIGN Descriptive study. SETTING Inpatient general medicine service in a university-affiliated public hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twelve third-year medical students during their internal medicine clerkship and 14 teachers. MEASUREMENTS One-hundred sixty hours of ethnographic observation. including 73 oral presentations on rounds. Discoursed-based interviews of 8 students and 10 teachers. Data were qualitatively analyzed to uncover recurrent patterns of communication. MAIN RESULTS Students and teachers had different perceptions of the purpose of oral presentation, and this was reflected in performance. Students described and conducted the presentation as a rule-based, data-storage activity governed by "order" and "structure. " Teachers approached the presentation as a flexible means of "communication" and a method for "constructing" the details of a case into a diagnostic or therapeutic plan. Although most teachers viewed oral presentations rhetorically (sensitive to context), most feedback that students received was implicit and acontextual, with little guidance provided for determining relevant content. This led to dysfunctional generalizations by students, sometimes resulting in worse communication skills (e.g., comment "be brief" resulted in reading faster rather than editing) and unintended value acquisition (e.g., request for less social history interpreted as social history never relevant). CONCLUSIONS Students learn oral presentation by trial and error rather than through teaching of an explicit rhetorical model. This may delay development of effective communication skills and result in acquisition of unintended professional values. Teaching and learning of oral presentation skills may be improved by emphasizing that context determines content and by making explicit the tacit rules of presentation.