Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communication and effective email usage in Saudi Arabia

This paper focusses on issues related to the limitation of effective email service usage that can, in turn, affect the quality of communication in Middle Eastern countries’ organisations. The use of email services have become more common in Middle Eastern countries following the recent introduction of electronic technologies and email systems are now used as a way to manage everyday work in Saudi Arabia organisations and universities. However, most employees in Saudi Arabian organisations and universities are not fully familiar with the use of email services and do not use them effectively, rarely checking or replying to their emails and leaving their mailboxes cluttered with unwanted emails they have not deleted. A properly functioning email service could lead to better communication which could, in turn, lead to better information security systems across Saudi Arabian universities. Princess Nora University (PNU) is used as a case study. Most universities and organisations worldwide have their own guidelines for effective use of email and make them available to their employees, whether in the form of formal training, or published guidelines. Unfortunately, few universities in Saudi Arabia have guidelines for effective use of email features for their employees. A survey has been conducted to measure the effectiveness of email usage within a single Saudi Arabian university, PNU. Based on the survey results and an analysis of the role of the Saudi culture and environment, culturally adapted guidelines will be implemented for effective usage of email at PNU. The guidelines should help in motivating employees to make greater and more effective use of the email service to improve communication between employees.
Extraesophageal reflux in pediatric patients with upper respiratory symptoms.

OBJECTIVE To systematically review published literature describing the association between reflux and upper airway symptoms in children. DESIGN Structured MEDLINE search of English-language articles published since 1966. SUBJECTS We selected articles examining reflux in conjunction with stridor, apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, life-threatening events, and laryngomalacia. Studies that focused on lower airway symptoms or adults were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES Articles were abstracted for patient factors, elements of study design, methods of reflux diagnosis, and definition of pathologic reflux. RESULTS Ninety-nine articles were identified, 56 of which specifically examined reflux and upper respiratory symptoms in children. Of these, 10 compared reflux incidence in symptomatic patients and a set of predetermined control patients, while the remainder reported prevalence data only. Overall, symptomatic patients were diagnosed with reflux frequently, with a range from 27% to 100%. In studies that attempted to compare patients with controls, only 2 provided statistical comparisons of the patient groups, and none adjusted for confounding owing to study design. There was marked heterogeneity in methods used to diagnose reflux in the studies reviewed, with only 34% using dual-channel pH testing; definitions of pathologic reflux were also variable. CONCLUSIONS Evidence seems to support the hypothesis that reflux is associated with upper airway symptoms in children. However, the strength of this correlation and the risk of upper airway symptoms attributable to reflux are difficult to determine given the limitations of available literature. Future research studies should seek standard reflux testing methods, clear comparison groups, and more rigorous statistical methods.
Accuracy of virtual bronchoscopy for grading tracheobronchial stenosis: correlation with pulmonary function test and fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare the accuracy of virtual bronchoscopy (VB) with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and pulmonary function testing (PFT) for the assessment of tracheal stenosis and bronchial anastomotic stenosis. DESIGN Prospective case series. SETTING Pulmonary institute of major tertiary university-affiliated center. PATIENTS The study group included 10 lung transplant recipients and 13 patients with central airway stenosis. INTERVENTIONS All patients underwent PFT, VB, and FOB. All cases were graded by each modality on a scale of 1 to 3, and the findings were compared between modalities. RESULTS Mean +/- SD stenosis score was 2.0 +/- 0.79 for PFT, 1.62 +/- 0.73 for FOB, and 1.82 +/- 0.77 for VB. A statistically significant correlation was found between VB and FOB scores (p < 0.0001, r = 0.76) and between VB scores and PFT (p = 0.03, r = 0.45). There was no correlation between PFT and FOB. CONCLUSIONS VB grading of tracheobronchial stenosis is well correlated with PFT. VB may be used to evaluate patients with known tracheobronchial stenosis after treatment and thereby reduce the frequency of repeated invasive FOB performed for that purpose. The correlation of VB with PFT may improve the reliability of this approach.
Relationship banking and the management of organisational trust

The paper analyses the personal, institutional and behavioural bases of trust in banking relations, arguing that banks should pay attention to intra‐ as well as inter‐firm policies for developing trust and assessing trust‐worthiness. Trust may derive from person‐to‐person interaction and/or from an impersonal, symbolic presentational base. Marketing strategies can both analyse the trust characteristics of customers as well as proactively pursue those relational forms of marketing that can generate long‐term competitive advantage. However, the most relational levels of marketing require a system‐delivery approach which must itself derive from internally nurtured forms of trust based on appropriate personnel policies, organisational routines and training.
Issues and Challenges of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment Programme in Nepal

This paper explores some of the key issues and challenges of government HIV/AIDS prevention and treatmentprogramme in Nepal. Providing HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment services in Nepal is associated with a number ofissues and challenges which are shaped mostly on cultural and managerial issues from grass root to policy level.Numerous efforts have been done and going on by Nepal government and non-government organization but still HIVprevention and treatment service is not able to reach all the most at risk populations because cultural issues andmanagerial issues are obstructing the services. The existing socio-cultural frameworks of Nepal do not provide anenvironment for any safe disclosure for person who is HIV infected. Thus, there is an urgent need to address thoseissues and challenges and strengthen the whole spectrums of health systems through collaborative approach to achievethe millennium development goals. It will be the purpose of this paper to contribute to the policy makers by exploringthe pertinent issues and challenges in the HIV/AIDS programme.
Hippocampal sparing radiotherapy for pediatric medulloblastoma: impact of treatment margins and treatment technique.

BACKGROUND We investigated how varying the treatment margin and applying hippocampal sparing and proton therapy impact the risk of neurocognitive impairment in pediatric medulloblastoma patients compared with current standard 3D conformal radiotherapy. METHODS We included 17 pediatric medulloblastoma patients to represent the variability in tumor location relative to the hippocampal region. Treatment plans were generated using 3D conformal radiotherapy, hippocampal sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and spot-scanned proton therapy, using 3 different treatment margins for the conformal tumor boost. Neurocognitive impairment risk was estimated based on dose-response models from pediatric CNS malignancy survivors and compared among different margins and treatment techniques. RESULTS Mean hippocampal dose and corresponding risk of cognitive impairment were decreased with decreasing treatment margins (P < .05). The largest risk reduction, however, was seen when applying hippocampal sparing proton therapy-the estimated risk of impaired task efficiency (95% confidence interval) was 92% (66%-98%), 81% (51%-95%), and 50% (30%-70%) for 3D conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and proton therapy, respectively, for the smallest boost margin and 98% (78%-100%), 90% (60%-98%), and 70% (39%-90%) if boosting the whole posterior fossa. Also, the distance between the closest point of the planning target volume and the center of the hippocampus can be used to predict mean hippocampal dose for a given treatment technique. CONCLUSIONS We estimate a considerable clinical benefit of hippocampal sparing radiotherapy. In choosing treatment margins, the tradeoff between margin size and risk of neurocognitive impairment quantified here should be considered.
The failure to know what isn't known: negative publication bias with lamotrigine and a glimpse inside peer review

> “There is a type of interaction between human beings which proceeds not from knowledge, or even lack of knowledge, but from failure to know what isn’t known. ” John Kenneth Galbraith1 The medical literature meets Galbraith’s description. Some things we know, and know that we know. Other things we do not know, and know that we do not know. But perhaps the largest class involves those things we do not know, and do not realise that we do not know. This latter state of affairs is exemplified by the problem of negative studies. It has become increasingly clear that the medical literature is biased toward positive studies; negative studies are less frequently published.2 Sometimes this may reflect loss of passion, as disappointed researchers file away their negative results. Sometimes it may be systematic, as pharmaceutical sponsors may actively suppress negative data which would adversely impact their marketplace sales. And journals may also systematically reject negative studies—which will generate fewer readers, fewer citations and lower impact factors for the journal—more frequently than positive ones. Negative studies may provide important information. “Negative” does not mean unimportant, and proving something ineffective is as important, perhaps more so, than proving it effective. To be a good physician, knowing when not to use which medications, as Pinel famously said, is even more important than knowing when and how to use them.3 Drugs that are ineffective might be somewhat harmful; almost all drugs are harmful in some way; thus the risk–benefit calculation is always hurtful for an ineffective drug. Furthermore, drugs which are effective are often not used, since the ineffective drugs are seen as effective, and thus the truly effective drugs, which sometimes have more side effects, are pushed aside. It is as if the princess at a ball, hidden in servant clothes, …
Customer Satisfaction during the Service Delivery Process

Prior studies of how service quality evolves during the service delivery process have used aggregate case data in retrospect or have not obtained objective measures of the actual dimensions of the service encounter on an individual basis. Reports on a study of an actual hotel service delivery process partitioned into five distinct service encounters; check‐in, the room, the restaurant, the breakfast and check‐out. The aim was to investigate how quality factors were related to their respective encounters and how cumulative satisfaction levels impact on each other and over time. Average satisfaction levels for each of the five encounters were found to be significantly different. Moreover, there was a clear trend in the cumulative satisfaction results. Check‐in resulted in high satisfaction, the room was not so satisfying and the restaurant rated the worst. Satisfaction scores rose after the breakfast experience and rose again after check‐out. A factor analysis of all the questions, for a hypothesized five‐f.
Market Orientation in the Microfinance Industry: Related Literature

The paper examines the concept of market orientation and how it is been applied in the microfinance sector in Ghana. The existing literature provides little understanding on implementation of the market orientation concept in the microfinance sector. This paper, therefore synthesises extant knowledge and literature on the concept and also provides a basis for future research by discussing the construct domain and also providing the antecedents in the microfinance sector. Appropriate theoretical and managerial implications are prescribed.
Discrepant ratios of arterial vs. venous thrombosis in hemophilias A and B as compared to FVII deficiency

The occurrence of a thrombotic event in congenital bleeding disorders has drawn considerable attention in recent years. Both patients with hemophilia and patients with von Willebrand disease and even those with rare coagulation disorders have been shown to present occasional thrombotic events. Little is known on the comparative prevalence of arterial vs. venous thrombosis in these patients.
Heat Shock Transcription Factor 2 Is Not Essential for Embryonic Development, Fertility, or Adult Cognitive and Psychomotor Function in Mice

ABSTRACT Members of the heat shock factor (HSF) family are evolutionarily conserved regulators that share a highly homologous DNA-binding domain. In mammals, HSF1 is the main factor controlling the stress-inducible expression of Hsp genes while the functions of HSF2 and HSF4 are less clear. Based on its developmental profile of expression, it was hypothesized that HSF2 may play an essential role in brain and heart development, spermatogenesis, and erythroid differentiation. To directly assess this hypothesis and better understand the underlying mechanisms that require HSF2, we generated Hsf2 knockout mice. Here, we report that Hsf2−/− mice are viable and fertile and exhibit normal life span and behavioral functions. We conclude that HSF2, most probably because its physiological roles are integrated into a redundant network of gene regulation and function, is dispensable for normal development, fertility, and postnatal psychomotor function.
Opportunism in Interfirm Relationships: Forms, Outcomes, and Solutions

Much of the recent literature on interfirm relationships has focused on strategies for controlling opportunism. Somewhat surprisingly, little attention has been paid in this literature to the opportunism construct itself. Specifically, prior research has failed to recognize the different types of behavior that are hidden behind the general opportunism label. As a consequence, the knowledge of strategies for managing opportunism remains incomplete. The authors review the original and emergent conceptualizations of opportunism and illustrate them using actual industry cases. The authors also develop a conceptual framework of governance strategies that can be used to manage different forms of opportunism.
Relationship between Candida albicans Virulence during Experimental Hematogenously Disseminated Infection and Endothelial Cell Damage In Vitro

ABSTRACT Candida albicans must penetrate the endothelial cell lining of the vasculature to invade the deep tissues during a hematogenously disseminated infection. We compared 27 C. albicans mutants with their wild-type parent for their capacity to damage endothelial cells in vitro and cause a lethal infection in mice following tail vein inoculation. Of 10 mutants with significantly impaired capacity to damage endothelial cells, all had attenuated virulence. Therefore, the endothelial cell damage assay can be used as a screen to identify some virulence factors relevant to hematogenously disseminated candidiasis.
Internal Control and Audit Program Effectiveness: Empirical Evidence from Jordan

This article examines the relationship between some components (i.e. risk assessment, control environment and control activities) of internal control system and the effectiveness of audit program in Jordan. Based on 43 usable questionnaires, the results of the study show that the risk assessment does contribute significantly toward an effective audit program. On the other hand, the results of analysis indicate that control environment and control activities do not contribute significantly toward an effective audit program. These results give an indicator that Jordanian companies lack the necessary experience to deal with the current tools of internal control evaluation. Some applications and recommendations were suggested for both management of companies and external auditors.
and Rosalind McNally qualitative studies Integration of devices into long-term condition management : a synthesis of

can be found at: Chronic Illness Additional services and information for http://chi.sagepub. com/cgi/alerts Email Alerts: http://chi.sagepub. com/subscriptions Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions: http://chi.sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/4/2/135 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): (this article cites 30 articles hosted on the Citations
Service quality and satisfaction – the moderating role of value

The constructs of service quality, satisfaction and value are discussed. Instruments are identified and exploratory research is undertaken among customers of an audit firm to determine whether value plays a moderating role between service quality and satisfaction. Results from a moderated regression confirming such a role for value are reported. Implications are drawn and opportunities for further research are highlighted.
Correlation Analysis between Different Types of Corrosion of Concrete Containing Sulfate Resisting Cement

Utilization of pozzolanic materials (fly ash, slag, zeolite, metakaolin, microsilica and more) in the manufacturing of cement and concrete has increased considerably over the last decades. Another option is to use concrete containing sulfate resisting cement. This could help minimize the harmful impacts on concrete exposed to an aggressive environment. The issue of the deteriorative impact of the three types of concrete corrosion (acidic, sulfate and leaching) investigated using correlation analysis is presented in the paper. Concentrations of silicon and calcium leached out from the concrete samples into the liquid phase and the measured pH values were used as input data for a mathematical approach to the study of sulfate resisting cement. The performance of sulfate resisting cement-based concrete was improved when exposed to sulfate attack, but not in the case of leaching corrosion caused by water.
The Pecking Order Hypothesis and Corporate Dividend Pay Out: Nigerian Evidence

The pecking order theory lays out the linkages between firm's capital structure, dividend and investment policies. The theory suggests that firms prefer to use internal equity to pay dividends and finance new investment. It ranks internal equity at the top of the pecking order, followed by debt and then hybrids of debt-equity, with external finance at the bottom of the pecking order. The purpose of this paper is to test the predictions of the pecking order theory by comprehensively examining empirically the interrelationship between financial leverage, investment and dividend pay out of corporate firms in Nigeria. This study is undertaken because there are very few empirical studies of the pecking order theory in the literature and none in Nigeria, and because there is a need for "triangulation"in the research by providing evidence from developing markets like Nigeria. Following prior capital market studies, aggregate data are used, assuming that the firm specific independent variables coefficients are not systematically different across firms. Results obtained show that dividend pay out has the predicted positive interaction with financial leverage and weak negative interaction with investment. The results show that there are no significant interactions between financial leverage and investment. However, empirical studies in the capital market provided evidence that the response coefficients are affected by firm specific, industry specific and economic factors. Prior research is extended on pecking order theory by hypothesizing that the relationship between pecking order hypothesis and dividend pay out depend on each firm's size. I therefore partition the data into three classes each based on firm size. The empirical results supports the notion that the relationship between financial leverage and dividend pay out ratio and the interactions between financial leverage and investment depends substantially on firm size.
Service quality in Internet banking: the importance of customer role

One of the key challenges of the Internet as a service delivery channel is how service firms can manage service quality as these remote formats bring significant change in customer interaction and behaviour. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of service quality and adapting these to particularly reflect the remote delivery format of the Internet, this study proposes and tests a service quality model of Internet banking. The research uses participant observation and narrative analysis of a UK Internet banking Web site community to explore how Internet banking customers perceive and interpret the elements of the model. Findings show that the level and nature of customer participation had the greatest impact on the quality of the service experience and issues such as customers’ zone of tolerance, the degree of role understanding by customers and emotional response potentially determined, expected and perceived service quality.
A study of the anti‐plasmodium activity of angiotensin II analogs

Controlling the dissemination of malaria requires the development of new drugs against its etiological agent, a protozoan of the Plasmodium genus. Angiotensin II and its analog peptides exhibit activity against the development of immature and mature sporozoites of Plasmodium gallinaceum. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of angiotensin II linear and cyclic analogs with anti‐plasmodium activity. The peptides were synthesized by a conventional solid‐phase method on Merrifield's resin using the t‐Boc strategy, purified by RP‐HPLC and characterized by liquid chromatography/ESI (+) MS (LC‐ESI(+)/MS), amino acid analysis, and capillary electrophoresis. Anti‐plasmodium activity was measured in vitro by fluorescence microscopy using propidium iodine uptake as an indicator of cellular damage. The activities of the linear and cyclic peptides are not significantly different (p < 0.05). Kinetics studies indicate that the effects of these peptides on plasmodium viability overtime exhibit a sigmoidal profile and that the system stabilizes after a period of 1 h for all peptides examined. The results were rationalized by partial least‐square analysis, assessing the position‐wise contribution of each amino acid. The highest contribution of polar amino acids and a Lys residue proximal to the C‐terminus, as well as that of hydrophobic amino acids in the N‐terminus, suggests that the mechanism underlying the anti‐malarial activity of these peptides is attributed to its amphiphilic character. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.