Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Major Causes and Risk Factors Associated with Calf Mortality in Small Scale Dairy Farms in Gondar Town , Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 with the objective of determining the prevalence of calf mortality in small scale dairy farms in Gondar town. Pre-designed structured questioner was developed pre-tested and administrated through personal interview to randomly selected farm owners and attendants. STATA version 11 was used for data analysis. From a total of 384 calves, 18 calves were. The total crude calf mortality rate of the all selective dairy farms in this study was 4.68% dairy farms. Among the causes of calf mortality, still birth was the leading cause with prevalence of 1.56% followed nonspecific cause (3.14%). Among the calf risk factors assessed breed prevalence 1(0.26%) in local and 17(4.43%) in cross breeds ( =4.76, p= 0.03) and age ( =123.93, p=0.001) were found to be significantly associated with 2 2 the death of calves. The result of this study showed that sex of the calf, parity status of the dam, herd size, farm experience of owners/attendants, calving facility, method of feeding, weaning age, housing and type of housing were non-significant for calf mortality. The most dominant clinical signs in calves was nonspecific cause of calf mortality and still birth with prevalence rate of 3.14% (n=12) and 1.56% (n=6), respectively. Majority (88.54%) of the farm owners had farm experience of greater than five years. Colostrum feeding was the common practice reported by all farms owners. In general, the calf mortality rate found in this study was higher beyond the economically tolerable limit. The major risk factors assessed during study period were improper management of calf feed, age, breed of the animal were found to be the most important risk factors of mortality. So, this study suggested that greater attention should be paid to the management of calves and proper nutritional feeding of the cow before birth.
TWO CASE-STUDIES OF BOUNDARY LAYER DEVELOPMENT EFFECT ON THE GROUND LEVEL OZONE CONCENTARTION OVER AN URBAN AREA

Some results obtained during two campaigns (summer 2004 and autumn 2005) of observation of the planetary boundary layer dynamics over the urban area of the Sofia city are presented. An EARLINET scanning aerosol lidar, an ozone analyzer and a ground meteorological station were used during the observations. Particularly, the mixing layer development and the residual layer destruction along with the relevant variations in the ground level ozone concentration followed during the convective boundary layer formation in two situations (in a clear sunny summer day and in the case of a partial solar eclipse with max phase 0.557) are presented and considered.
Title Results of a nationwide survey on Japanese clinical practice inbreast-conserving radiotherapy for breast cancer

The Breast Cancer Group of the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey on the clinical practice of postoperative radiotherapy for breast-conserving treatment for breast cancer. This questionnaire consisted of 18 questions pertaining to the annual number of treated patients, planning method, contouring structure, field design, dose-fractionated regimen, application of hypofractionated radiotherapy, boost irradiation, radiotherapy for synchronously bilateral breast cancer, and accelerated partial breast irradiation. The web-based questionnaire had responses from 293 Japanese hospitals. The results indicated the following: treatment planning is performed using relatively similar field designs and delivery methods; the field-in-field technique is used at more than one-third of institutes; the commonest criteria for boost irradiation is based on the surgical margin width (≤5mm) and the second commonest criteria was age (≤40 or ≤50 years), although some facilities applied a different age criterion (>70 years) for omitting a tumor bed boost; for conventional fractionation, almost all institutes delivered 50Gy in 25 fractions to the conserved whole breast and 10Gy in 5 fractions to the tumor bed. This survey revealed that 43% of hospitals offered hypofractionated radiotherapy, and the most common regimens were 42.56Gy in 16 fractions for whole-breast irradiation and 10.64Gy in 4 fractions for boost irradiation. Almost all of the facilities irradiated both breasts simultaneously for synchronously bilateral breast cancer, and accelerated partial breast irradiation was rarely offered in Japan. This survey provided an overview of the current clinical practice of radiotherapy for breast-conserving treatment of breast cancer in Japan.
Using acoustic telemetry to monitor the e ff ects of crowding and delousing procedures on farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of acoustic telemetry for monitoring fish during farm operations and gather knowledge about Atlantic salmon responses during crowding and delousing events in a commercial sea-cage. 21 fish were equipped with a novel transmitter tag type using data from pressure sensors and accelerometers to compute swimming depth and swimming activity of individual fish. The fish were monitored over four months, during which they were subjected to three thermal delousing events. In the periods before and after delousing, the fish generally exhibited a circadian rhythm in both swimming activity and depth, with high activity and deep swimming during daytime and low activity and shallow swimming during night. Swimming activity recorded during crowding and delousing events was significantly higher than background swimming activity levels registered a day before and after delousing. Although activity levels differed significantly between the three events and between the different stages within each event, the highest activity levels were consistently measured during thermal treatment. Swimming depth differed significantly between delousing events and was strongly influenced by daylight. In summary, crowding and delousing induced increased movement in the fish, while swimming depth appeared to be less sensitive to these operations. The conclusion of the study is that acoustic telemetry is a suitable tool for monitoring fish during challenging operations such as crowding and delousing, as well as during normal cage management. Moreover, this study provides new knowledge on how the behaviour of Atlantic salmon may be affected by delousing.
Drought tolerance assessment of melon germplasm searching for adaptation to climate change

Shortage of irrigation water at critical melon growth stages can be the most important limiting factor in the future due to climate change, especially in the Mediterranean region. Apart from the improvement of irrigation systems and crop management, the development of drought tolerant cultivars by genetic breeding is the best solution to achieve stable yields. Screening germplasm collections is a prerequisite for that. A melon core collection was evaluated in the current work in two assays. Seven morphological traits were assessed at plantlet stage and compared under drought and standard conditions imposed. Significant differences for all traits were recorded among the sixty accessions evaluated. Clustering analysis also grouped the accessions according to their response to drought, detecting some landraces and wild types of interest, mainly of Indian and African origin, although the best behavior under drought was found in a flexuosus melon from Irak. Some Spanish inodorus landraces also showed better response than the average behavior of commercial types. The employment of this set of traits has allowed screening a large germplasm collection in an easy and non-expensive way, in one of the most sensitive developmental stages. Key words: Cucumis melo germplasm, morphological seedling traits, abiotic stress, response to drought, variability
Scientific Literacy of Students Learned Through Guided Inquiry

ABSTRACT The research aimed to find out the impact of guided inquiry instruction on scientific literacy in Basic Concept of Biology for Elementary School Course. Participants of the research were 59 students of Primary School Teacher Education program in Pakuan University, Indonesia. The research was conducted for one semester. Type of research was quasi-experiment with randomize factor. Indicator used for scientific literacy referred to PSIA, are identifying scientific issues, explaining scientific phenomenon, and using scientific evidences. Data used was the result of pre- and post-tests of scientific literacy. Ancova was used continued with LSD (Least Significance Different) test. Research result indicated that guided inquiry instruction gave better impact on scientific literacy of students than conventional learning. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
DETERMINANTS OF HIV PREVALANCE IN KENYA Research Report in Mathematics , 2018

Thirty four years ago,the rst case of Human Immunode ciency Virus was reported in Kenya.Since then,the virus has caused many deaths.It continues to be a threat to our economy considering its e ects on the active members of the society. There exists wide discrepancies in HIV rates across the country, and to prioritize interventions in the ght against HIV/AIDS, it is important to build sound models that help to identify determinants of HIV prevalence. This study was conducted with the aim of nding out the fueling factors of prevalence of HIV AIDS in Kenya. Data from The Kenya Aids Indicator Survey, 2012 was used . The data encompass male and female individuals of age groups of 15-64 years. Binary logistic regression model was used and socioeconomic and demographic factors that could have an impact on the prevalence of the disease causing virus were included in the analysis. Age and marital status had a signi cant e ect on HIV prevalence among female and male respondent’s . The odds of being seropositive for HIV are higher in the age groups 15-24 and among married and divorced/widowed/separated individuals. Unexpectedly poverty was found to have an insigni cant impact on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among male respondents. Unlike for male respondents, wealth status was revealed to have a signi cant impact on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS for female individuals. Similarly, signi cant e ects were found on the respondents, level of education, place of residence and gender. Odds of being HIV positive are signi cantly higher among urban dwellers and the female gender. Dissertations in Mathematics at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. ISSN 2410-1397: Research Report in Mathematics ©AMOS EUGENE KIPTUM, 2018 DISTRIBUTOR: School of Mathematics, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Evaluation Phonemic Transcription of Low-Resource Tonal Languages for Language Documentation

Transcribing speech is an important part of language documentation, yet speech recognition technology has not been widely harnessed to aid linguists. We explore the use of a neural network architecture with the connectionist temporal classification loss function for phonemic and tonal transcription in a language documentation setting. In this framework, we explore jointly modelling phonemes and tones versus modelling them separately, and assess the importance of pitch information versus phonemic context for tonal prediction. Experiments on two tonal languages, Yongning Na and Eastern Chatino, show the changes in recognition performance as training data is scaled from 10 minutes up to 50 minutes for Chatino, and up to 224 minutes for Na. We discuss the findings from incorporating this technology into the linguistic workflow for documenting Yongning Na, which show the method's promise in improving efficiency, minimizing typographical errors, and maintaining the transcription's faithfulness to the acoustic signal, while highlighting phonetic and phonemic facts for linguistic consideration.
Do young consumers care about ethics ? Influence of DEAR and GDI on buying preferences – A pilot study

These days’ consumers can express their concern about ethical behaviour of companies by means of ethical buying and consumer behaviour. The purpose of this study was to investigate how DEAR (Development Education Awareness Rising) and GDI (Global Development Issues) knowledge affects consumers preferences among higher education students in the Czech Republic. The pilot survey covered 136 students out of total 488 from Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences (CULS Prague) and was conducted from February to March 2014. Data collection was done through online survey. Collected data were categorized, coded and analysed in a statistical programme Statistica 10. In the study we examined DEAR impacts on buying preferences and therefore revealed current preferences, intentions connected with knowledge background and practices among selected university students regarding ethical and local consumption. Our results show a positive correlation (ρ = 0.664, α = 0.005) between examined factors – knowledge of specific terms (effects of GDI and DEAR) with socially responsible consumers’ behaviour. If consumers are well informed, positively influenced and have access to ethical products, they act as socially responsible consumers. Therefore, there is proven importance of education and access to information as a key component for conscious behaviour. These days Global Development Education and Development Education Awareness Rising should be considered not only alternatively in education, but become more common parts of educational process. This paper is a pilot study to be followed by in-depth research covering representative samples of students at Czech HEIs which have incorporated DEAR in their study
Revision 2 1 Elasticity of single-crystal periclase at high pressure and temperature : 2 the effect of iron on the elasticity and seismic parameters of 3 ferropericlase in the lower mantle 4

16 In this study, we measured the sound velocities of single-crystal periclase by Brillouin 17 light scattering (BLS) combined with in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) up 18 to ~30 GPa and 900 K in an externally-heated diamond anvil cell (EHDAC). Our 19 experimental results were used to evaluate the combined effects of pressure and 20 temperature on the elastic moduli of single-crystal periclase using third-order Eulerian 21 finite-strain equations. All of the elastic moduli increased with increasing pressure but 22 decreased with increasing temperature, except the off-diagonal modulus C12, which 23 remained almost constant up to ~30 GPa and 900 K. The derived aggregate adiabatic 24 bulk and shear moduli (KS0, G0) at ambient conditions were 162.8(±0.2) GPa and 25 130.3(±0.2) GPa, respectively, consistent with literature results. The pressure 26 FAN ET AL., SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELASTICITY OF PERICLASE derivatives of the bulk [(∂KS/∂P)300K] and shear moduli [(∂G/∂P)300K] at ambient 27 conditions were 3.94(±0.05) and 2.17(±0.02), respectively, whereas the temperature 28 derivatives of these moduli [(∂KS/∂T)P and (∂G/∂T)P] at ambient conditions were 29 -0.025(±0.001) GPa/K and -0.020(±0.001) GPa/K, respectively. A comparison of our 30 experimental results with the high pressure-temperature (P-T) elastic moduli of 31 ferropericlase (Fp) in the literature showed that all the elastic moduli of Fp were 32 linearly correlated with the FeO content up to approximately 20 mol%. These results 33 allowed us to build a comprehensive thermoelastic model for Fp to evaluate the effect 34 of Fe-Mg substitution on the elasticity and seismic parameters of Fp at the relevant 35 P-T conditions of the lower mantle. Our modeling results showed that both the 36 increase of the Fe content in Fp and the increasing depth could change the 37 compressional wave anisotropy (AVP) and shear wave splitting anisotropy (AVS) of Fp 38 in the upper parts of the lower mantle. Furthermore, using our modeling results here, 39 we also evaluated the contribution of Fp to seismic lateral heterogeneities of thermal 40 or chemical origin in the lower mantle. Both the thermally-induced and Fe-induced 41 heterogeneities ratios (RS/P=∂lnVS/∂lnVP) of Fp from 670 to 1250 km along a 42 representative lower mantle geotherm increased by ~2-5% and ~15%, respectively. 43 The thermally-induced RS/P value of Fp20 is ~ 30% higher than Fp10, indicating that 44 the Fe content has a significant effect on the thermally-induced RS/P of Fp. Compared 45 to the seismic observation results (RS/P=1.7-2.0) in the upper regions of the lower 46 mantle, the Fe-induced RS/P value of Fp is more compatible than the 47 thermally-induced RS/P value of Fp20 (the expected composition of Fp in the lower 48 mantle) within their uncertainties. Thus, we propose that Fe-induced lateral 49 heterogeneities can significantly contribute to the observed seismic lateral 50 heterogeneities in the Earth's lower mantle (670-1250 km). 51 52
Do 'Labour' Councils Lower Economic Freedom?

Using a panel of the UK counties, spanning the period 2010-2016, this study exploreswhether having a Labour or Conservative council affects a countyâ€™s economic freedom.Due to data unavailability of any economic freedom index for the UK counties,the analysis employed direct measures in relevance to three sub-components ofeconomic freedom, i.e. size of government, sound money and the freedom to tradeinternationally. Using a regression discontinuity approach, we find strong evidencethat the political ideology of a council affects all three sub-components of economicfreedom. An implication of this result is that councils appeal to specific groups ofvoters when making policy.
Consumer Trust towards an Unfamiliar Web

Our research intends to provide a general better understanding of consumer on-line purchasing behaviour. This paper examines consumers’ perception of a web merchant trustworthiness within the framework of signaling theory. Although consumer researchers were interested in a numerous economic theories (transaction cost theory, agency theory,.), little attention has been given to the signaling theory (Boulding and Kirmani, 1993). Signaling mechanisms could be, however, relevant to predict consumer behaviour under conditions of information asymmetry. The focus of this study is consumers’ response to three types of potential signals: word of mouth, trust seals and testimonies of satisfied past-buyers.
BIOASSAY FOR DETERMINING PERSISTENCE OF THE HERBICIDE SAFLUFENACIL IN AN OXISOL Bioensaio para

ABSTRACT Persistence of an herbicide is defined as the ability to maintain the integrity of its molecule and chemical, physical, and phytotoxic properties in the environment where it was applied. Knowledge of persistence has implications both for the toxicity generated on species grown in succession and for the period in which the herbicide controls weeds. This study aimed to assess the persistence of the herbicide saflufenacil in an Oxisol by means of bioassays. Two experiments with the application of 29.4 g ha-1 of saflufenacil were carried out under field conditions: the first in the 2011/2012 season and the second in the 2012/2013 season. Soil samples were collected at depths of up to 10 cm at different times after application. Subsequently, two bioassays were carried out in a greenhouse by using beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as bioindicators. The studies were carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments consisted of periods after saflufenacil application (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, and 100 days). The crop was also considered as a factor. Stand, height, and phytotoxicity of plants were assessed in both agricultural seasons at 14, 21, and 28 days after sowing (DAS), as well as shoot fresh (SFM) and dry matter (SDM) at 28 DAS. In general, saflufenacil persistence was between 25 and 35 days. Beet was more sensitive to the presence of saflufenacil in the soil when compared to cucumber. Herbicide effects were higher in the 2012/ 2013 season when compared to the 2011/2012 season.
Integrating Community Context Information Into a Reliably Weighted Collaborative Filtering System Using Soft Ratings

In this paper, we aim at developing a new collaborative filtering recommender system using soft ratings, which is capable of dealing with both imperfect information about user preferences and the sparsity problem. On the one hand, Dempster–Shafer theory is employed for handling the imperfect information due to its advantage in providing not only a flexible framework for modeling uncertain, imprecise, and incomplete information, but also powerful operations for fusion of information from multiple sources. On the other hand, in dealing with the sparsity problem, community context information that is extracted from the social network containing all users is used for predicting unprovided ratings. As predicted ratings are not a hundred percent accurate, while the provided ratings are actually evaluated by users, we also develop a new method for calculating user–user similarities, in which provided ratings are considered to be more significant than predicted ones. In the experiments, the developed recommender system is tested on two different data sets; and the experiment results indicate that this system is more effective than CoFiDS, a typical recommender system offering soft ratings.
What Determines the Initial Size of New Ventures ?

A central notion in entrepreneurship is the initial size of a firm, since it bears upon its future success. Prior work has found that entrepreneurs? background characteristics impact start-up size. Yet, initial size is observed only when entry occurs, and the same individual-level characteristics are likely to determine the entry decision too. Existing research may misreport the determinants of initial size if: (1) it equates the entry decision with size decision, which ignores the possibility that entrepreneurs require different size thresholds to induce entry, and (2) it treats initial size as divorced from the entry process, which may be characterized by different types of entry (e.g. as spinout, de novo, hybrid entry). We show that: (1) selection effects at entry cause endogeneity in the initial size of start-ups, and (2) prospect entrepreneurs have different size thresholds, depending on the type of entry. The ability to implement such comparative tests is enhanced by our access to a very rich data source of matched employees-employers data on nearly the entire Swedish population over a 13 year period.