Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poisson polytopes

We prove the central limit theorem for the volume and the f-vector of the Poisson random polytope η in a fixed convex polytope P ⊂ R d. Here, η is the convex hull of the intersection of a Poisson process X of intensity η with P. 1. Introduction and main results. Let K ⊂ R d be a convex set of volume 1. Assume that X = X(η) is a Poisson point process in R d of intensity η. The intersection of K with X(η) consists of uniformly distributed random points X 1 ,. , X N (where N is a random variable). Define the Poisson polytope η , as the convex hull [X 1 ,. , X N ] = [K ∩ X(η)]. The study of properties of random convex hulls is a classical subject in stochas-tic geometry and dates back to 1864. Due to the geometric nature of the available methods, for over one hundred years, investigations mainly concentrated on the expectation of functionals of random convex hulls such as volume or number of vertices; see, for example, the survey of Weil and Wieacker [24]. The first distributional results were only proven twenty years ago. In 1988, Groeneboom [14] obtained the central limit theorem (CLT) for the number of ver-tices of the Poisson polytope when the convex body K is the planar disc. In 1994, a CLT for the area of a random polygon in the planar disc was proven by Hs-ing [16]. Recently, this was generalized to arbitrary dimensions by Reitzner [19], who established a CLT for V (η), the volume of the Poisson polytope, and for f ((η), the number of-dimensional faces of the Poisson polytope, when the body K ⊂ R d has smooth boundary. The situation seems to be much more involved when the underlying convex set is a polytope P. In the planar case, when P is a convex polygon, a CLT for the number of vertices f 0 ((η) was proven by Groeneboom [14] and a CLT for the area of η by Cabo and Groeneboom [12], but it seems that the stated variances are incorrect (see the discussion in Buchta [11]). The main result of the present paper is the central limit theorem for the Poisson polytope η for all dimensions d ≥ 2, when the mother body is a polytope in R d .
Okuduğunu Anlama Stratejilerinin Bilişsel ve Duyuşsal Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi

Bu calismanin amaci, ITS (Isbirlikli Ogrenme – Tartisma – Sorgulama) ve TIOD(Tahmin – Inceleme – Ozetleme – Orgutleme – Degerlendirme) okudugunu anlamastratejilerinin ilkogretim 5. sinif ogrencilerinin okudugunu anlama duzeyleri, Turkcedersine iliskin tutumlari, okudugunu anlama oz yeterlik algilari ve yazili anlatimbecerileri uzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir.
Consumption and Savings of Migrant Households: 2008–14

China’s economic growth can be divided into two phases: the export-oriented phase and the domestic demand-driven phase. The main dividing point is the onset of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). In late 2008 and early 2009, China’s exports fell by more than 20 per cent, which alerted Chinese policymakers to the unreliability of growth depending purely on exports. Government spending on domestic infrastructure was the main driver of China’s economic recovery from the GFC. Thereafter, many other policies were enacted to stimulate domestic demand, including increasing public sector wages and agricultural price subsidies, increasing public holidays to encourage tourism, providing subsidies for farmers to purchase electrical goods and cars and speeding up social insurance reform to reduce precautionary savings. To date, the transition from export-led to domestic demand-driven growth is ongoing, and its success, to a large extent, depends on household consumption and saving responses.
Statistical Methods: Reliability Assessment and Method Comparison

The reliability of clinical measurements is critical to medical research and clinical practice. Newly proposed methods are assessed in terms of their reliability, which includes their repeatability, intraand interobserver reproducibility. In general, new methods that provide repeatable and reproducible results are compared with established methods used clinically. This paper describes common statistical methods for assessing reliability and agreement between methods, including the intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, Bland-Altman plot, limits of agreement, percent agreement, and the kappa statistic. These methods are more appropriate for estimating reliability than hypothesis testing or simple correlation methods. However, some methods of reliability, especially unscaled ones, do not clearly define the acceptable level of error in real size and unit. The Bland-Altman plot is more useful for method comparison studies as it assesses the relationship between the differences and the magnitude of paired measurements, bias (as mean difference), and degree of agreement (as limits of agreement) between two methods or conditions (e.g., observers). Caution should be used when handling heteroscedasticity of difference between two measurements, employing the means of repeated measurements by method in methods comparison studies, and comparing reliability between different studies. Additionally, independence in the measuring processes, the combined use of different forms of estimating, clear descriptions of the calculations used to produce indices, and clinical acceptability should be emphasized when assessing reliability and method comparison studies. (Ewha Med J 2017;40(1):9-16) Received December 29, 2016 Accepted January 4, 2017
r‐ AND K‐SELECTION REVISITED: THE ROLE OF POPULATION REGULATION IN LIFE‐HISTORY EVOLUTION

The theory of r- and K-selection was one of the first predictive models for life-history evolution. It helped to galvanize the empirical field of comparative life-history and dominated thinking on the subject from the late 1960s through the 1970s. Large quan- tities of field data were collected that claimed to test predictions of the theory. By the early 1980s, sentiment about the theory had changed so completely that a proposal to test it or the use of it to interpret empirical results would likely be viewed as archaic and naive. The theory was displaced by demographic models that concentrated on mortality patterns as the cause of life-history evolution. Although demographic models are known for their density-independent approach and focus on extrinsic mortality, these models can incorporate many ecological features captured by r- and K-selection, such as density-dependent pop- ulation regulation, resource availability, and environmental fluctuations. We highlight the incorporation of these factors in recent theory, then show how they are manifest in our research on life-history evolution in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Explanations of the repeatable suites of life-history differences across populations of guppies originate from demographic models of predator-driven age-specific mortality. Recently, careful ex- amination of guppy demography and habitat has revealed that density-dependent regulation and resource availability may have influenced the evolution of guppy life histories. In the field, these factors covary with predation risk; however, they can be uncoupled experi- mentally, providing insight into how they may have synergistically driven guppy life-history evolution. Although life-history theory has shifted away from a focus on r- and K-selection, the themes of density-dependent regulation, resource availability, and environmental fluc- tuations are integral to current demographic theory and are potentially important in any natural system.
ANÁLISE DA COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL, HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES E NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE MENINAS

Objetivo: comparar a composicao corporal, habitos alimentares e nivel de atividade fisica de meninas de uma escola publica e uma particular no municipio de Santa Barbara d’ Oeste/ SP. Metodo: Foram avaliadas 103 meninas com idade media de 12,5 + 1,35 anos. Elas foram submetidas a afericao de peso e estatura e dobras cutâneas tricipital e panturrilha medial. Alem disso, as voluntarias responderam a dois questionarios, sendo um de nivel socioeconomico e outro para avaliar o nivel de atividade fisica, e preencheram um registro de 24 horas para se verificar os habitos alimentares. Resultados: Na analise das meninas, quando separadas por escola, foi possivel observar diferenca apenas na classificacao socioeconomica e na ingestao de proteina de alto valor biologico. Quando separados por nivel socioeconomico, nao houve diferenca significativa em nenhuma das variaveis analisadas. Em relacao ao nivel de atividade fisica nao foram encontradas diferencas para todas as classes sociais. Conclusao: Os resultados obtidos indicam que o excesso de peso pode acometer criancas e adolescentes independentemente da classe social e do tipo de escola frequentada.
Hirds.v3: High Intensity Rainfall Design System – the Method Underpinning the Development of Regional Frequency Analysis of Extreme Rainfalls for New Zealand

The statistics of extremes play a vital role in engineering practice for water resource management and design (Katz et al., 2002). From the perspective of mitigation and protection of infrastructure and human life from flooding, much scientific attention is given to the estimation of hydro-meteorological extremes. While storm frequency assessments, based on flood data are to be preferred, the analysis of rainfall data is often more convenient due to the larger networks, often with longer records, and potentially more easily transferable from site to site. However, at some sites there can be limited data available on extremes and fitting an extreme value distribution can lead to difficulties, particularly in the estimation of extreme quantiles (Ailliot et al., 2009). As is often the case, within a suitably defined “region”, data from several sites show similar extreme-statistical properties, and can be combined to provide more accurate event quantile estimates (Hosking and Wallis, 1997). In this context, a region can correspond to a fixed geographic area, or it can refer to a grouping or collections of sites (Stewart et al., 1999) of the same environmental variable.
A Key Factor of the DCF Model Coherency

Aim/purpose – The aim of this paper is to provide economically justified evidence that the business value calculated by income valuation methods is the same, regardless of the type of cash flow used in the valuation algorithm. Design/methodology/approach – The evidence was arrived at using free cash flow to equity (FCFE), debt (FCFD) and firm (FCFF). The article draws attention to the FCFF method’s particular popularity in income valuation, based on analysts’ practice. It shows an overview of various approaches to determine the capital structure in the formula for WACC, both in practice and theory. Finally, it examines an empirical example with the authors’ own derivations and postulates. Findings – The conclusion drawn from the conducted analysis is that the key to the reconciliation process, and thus DCF model coherency, is to apply the appropriate method of capital structure estimation during the calculation of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). This capital structure will henceforth be referred to as ‘income weights’. Research implications/limitations – It should be noted that the obtained compliance of valuation results does not imply that the income valuation becomes an objective way of determining business value. It still remains subjective. Originality/value/contribution – According to the presented approach, the DCF model’s subjectivism is limited to the forecasts. The rest is the algorithm which, based on the principles of mathematics, should be used in the same way in every situation.
Adopción de medios biológicos para el control de plagas en el sector cooperativo campesino.

Aborda la problematica de la adopcion de medios biologicos en el sector cooperativo campesino en el Consejo Popular Campo Florido del municipio Habana del Este en la provincia Ciudad Habana. Relaciona el grado de adopcion de medios biologicos por parte de los agricultures y la percepcion y capacitacion que los agricultures tienen respecto a la importancia de esos medios para enfrentar la situacion de las plagas.
Evidence for non-tidal diurnal velocity variations of Helheim Glacier, East Greenland

Abstract We have used tide-gauge data from near Helheim Glacier, East Greenland, and GPS data acquired on the glacier to investigate the spectra of tidal forcing and flow response. For both the tide-gauge and GPS time series, we calculated amplitudes and phases for a harmonic expansion using a limited set of harmonic constituents. We find that the semidiurnal constituents of the glacier flow are well modeled using a single admittance and lag with respect to the tide-gauge data. However, diurnal variations in the glacier flow cannot be simply described using this model. We find an additional signal in glacier position, in phase with the S1 solar tide, with some modulations at other frequencies. These non-tidal variations account for a peak-to-peak variation in glacier flow speed at a site close to the terminus of ~0.7 m d-1, compared with a mean flow rate at this location of ~22 m d-1. The speed variations reach their daily maximum value ~6 hours after local noon. We hypothesize that these additional diurnal variations are associated with peaks in lubrication of the glacier bed due to surface melting driven by diurnal solar heating.
Androgynous Beauty, Virtual Sisterhood Stardom, Fandom, and Chinese Talent Shows under Globalization

In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes. —Andy Warhol, exhibition catalog (1968) [P]opular culture always has its base in the experiences, the pleasures, the memories , the traditions of the people. Hence, it links with what Mikhail Bakhtin calls " the vulgar " —the popular, the informal, the underside, the grotesque. —Stuart Hall, " What Is Th is 'Black' in Black Popular Culture? " (1993) Th ree decades of post-1978 rapid economic growth have made China the world's second-largest economy. Its 2002 integration into the World Trade Organization further affi rmed its place in the global capitalist order. Th e accelerating marketization and globalization of the Chinese economy have changed every aspect of contemporary Chinese society, including its gender ideology and cultural politics. Transnational capital and cultural fl ows have brought in a variety of imported television programs broadcasting to the single largest national audience in the world. Th e threat of foreign cultural invasion has propelled a reform of the Chinese television broadcasting system that, combined with an emerging Internet culture and regionalization of visual culture, aff ects its youthful audience's perceptions of beauty, gender, and sexuality. In the recent frenzied competition among Chinese television stations in adapting various Euro-American reality shows into localized programs, an arguably fi rst made-in-China idol has been produced. Th e craze for the androgynous beauty of this unlikely new star has spread from mainland China to Taiwan, Hong Kong, and overseas Chinese communities mainly
Malignant Myoepithelioma of the Head and Neck: Demographics, Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis

Malignant myoepithelioma of the head and neck (HNMM) is a rare malignancy, and its characteristics and survival rates have not been well-defined. This study aimed to define the epidemiology of HNMM and identify the prognostic factors associated with the disease. Data on all patients diagnosed with HNMM between 1991 and 2016 were gathered from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and prognoses of the patients were described. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors, and the prognostic nomograms for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were constructed. A total of 333 cases of HNMM were identified. The average age at diagnosis was 60.6 years, and 50.1% of the patients were men. After diagnosis, 46.2% of patients underwent surgery alone, 43.5% of patients underwent surgery and radiotherapy, and 3.6% of patients received only radiotherapy. Survival analysis showed that the 5-year OS and DSS for all HNMM patients were 69.7 and 82.1%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis model, the undifferentiated pathological grade (P <0.05) and M1 in the M category (P <0.01) were independent prognostic factors for poor OS and DSS, whereas the use of surgical resection was an independent favorable prognostic factor for both OS and DSS (P <0.05). The prognostic nomograms for OS and DSS prediction were constructed; the C-index values for OS and DSS prediction were 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.86) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.67–0.90), respectively. In conclusion, this SEER data-based study demonstrated that HNMM patients often had a favorable prognosis, and distant metastasis, pathological grade, and the use of surgery contributed to their survival. Furthermore, we developed a prognostic nomogram to predict OS and DSS for HNMM patients to aid physicians in the clinical management of this rare disease.
STEVENS’ HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Gordon Lynn Walls, a comparative anatomist, observed, " If asked what aspect of vision means the most to them, a watchmaker may answer 'acuity,' a night flier 'sensitivity,' and an artist 'color. ' But to the animals which invented the vertebrate eye, and hold the patents on most of the features of the human model, the visual registration of movement was of the greatest importance " (Walls, 1942) p. 342. The rich and rapidly expanding scientific literature on visual motion perception suggests that Walls was right: To organisms all up and down the phylogenetic scale, visual motion perception is of unmatched importance. Visual motion serves a wide variety of crucial roles: wayfinding (optic flow), perception of shape from motion, depth segregation, judgments of coincidence (time to collision, time to filling a tea cup), judgments of motion direction and speed, and perception of animate, biological activity. Sometimes, the presence of motion can compensate for deficiencies in other forms of visual information, as Figure 4.1 shows. The three images in the figure are frames from a video showing a person performing a common action. Clearly, no single frame conveys sufficient spatial structure to permit recognition that a person is present, let alone recognition of what the person might be doing. However, the complex patterns of visual motion generated when these frames are displayed as part of a video convey immediately that a person is present and that the person is in the process of sitting down (Bobick & Davis, 2001). 1 Recent decades have produced major advances in understanding of visual motion perception. 2 Many such advances have come from complementary approaches to analyzing motion: psychophysical, computational, and neurophysiological. It is now known that the detection and analysis of motion are achieved by a cascade of neural operations, starting with the registration of local motion signals within restricted regions of the visual field and continuing with the integration of those local motion signals into more global descriptions of the direction and speed of object motion. Physiological studies of animals—most notably cats and monkeys—have revealed some of the neural hardware comprising this hierarchical processing scheme. Recently, exciting 1 To download the video from the Internet, go to 2 Previous editions of this handbook paid scant notice to the topic of our chapter. In the first edition, Graham (1951) spent just six pages on motion perception, emphasizing research on apparent motion. In the second edition, …
Student self-efficacy in college science: an investigation of gender, age, and academic achievement

Witt-Rose, Diane L. Author Student self-efficacy in college science: An investigation of gender, age, and academic achievement Title Education Dr. Laura McCullough May 2003 62 Graduate Major Research Advisor Month/Year No. of Pages Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5 edition Style Manual Used in This Study This study investigated the relationships between self-efficacy, gender, age, and academic achievement in a two-year college science course, Anatomy and Physiology (A & P). A confidential self-report survey was administered to 216 A & P students to measure student selfefficacy levels. Most students had moderate to high levels of self-efficacy in A & P. A potential relationship between gender and self-efficacy was studied but no significant relationship was found between them. A connection between age and self-efficacy was also examined to determine whether differences existed in self-efficacy between traditional college students (18 to 24 years of age) and nontraditional college students (greater than 24 years of age). No significant findings linked age to self-efficacy. However, there was a significant positive relationship found between self-efficacy and the number of completed college semesters. Finally, the relationship between self-efficacy level and academic achievement in A & P was investigated. Students’ midterm and
Maturation Reaction Norms to Population-level Data 3

21 Probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) are an important tool for studying 22 fisheries-induced evolution and environmental effects on life history. To date there 23 has been no way to fit a PMRN to population-level fisheries data; instead individual24 level data must be used. This limits the stocks and time periods that can be studied. 25 26 We introduce a Bayesian method for fitting PMRNs to population-level data. The 27 method is verified against both an existing result and simulated data, and applied to 28 historical Barents Sea cod data which combines observations of population-level 29 variation in age, size and maturity status from Russia and Norway. 30 31 The method shows a clear and rapid trend towards greater probability of maturation at 32 smaller lengths in the Barents Sea cod. 33 34 The new model fitting algorithm allows us to study historic changes in life history 35 despite the lack of individual-level data seen in much long term data. Access to more 36 data will aid the study of evolutionary hypotheses in a wide range of organisms. 37
Splitting line patterns in free groups

We construct a boundary of a finite rank free group relative to a finite list of conjugacy classes of maximal cyclic subgroups. From the cut points and uncrossed cut pairs of this boundary we construct a simplicial tree on which the group acts cocompactly. We show that the quotient graph of groups is the JSJ decomposition of the group relative to the given collection of conjugacy classes. This provides a characterization of virtually geometric multiwords: they are the multiwords that are built from geometric pieces. In particular, a multiword is virtually geometric if and only if the relative boundary is planar.
On signed p-Kostka numbers and the indecomposable signed Young permutation modules

We prove the existence and main properties of signed Young modules for the symmetric group, using only basic facts about symmetric group representations and the Brou{\'e} correspondence. We then prove new reduction theorems for the signed $p$-Kostka numbers, defined to be the multiplicities of signed Young modules as direct summands of signed Young permutation modules. We end by classifying the indecomposable signed Young permutation modules and determining their endomorphism algebras.