Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustainable use of renewable resources in a stylized social–ecological network model under heterogeneous resource distribution

Abstract. Human societies depend on the resources ecosystems provide. Particularly since the last century, human activities have transformed the relationship between nature and society at a global scale. We study this coevolutionary relationship by utilizing a stylized model of private resource use and social learning on an adaptive network. The latter process is based on two social key dynamics beyond economic paradigms: boundedly rational imitation of resource use strategies and homophily in the formation of social network ties. The private and logistically growing resources are harvested with either a sustainable (small) or non-sustainable (large) effort. We show that these social processes can have a profound influence on the environmental state, such as determining whether the private renewable resources collapse from overuse or not. Additionally, we demonstrate that heterogeneously distributed regional resource capacities shift the critical social parameters where this resource extraction system collapses. We make these points to argue that, in more advanced coevolutionary models of the planetary social–ecological system, such socio-cultural phenomena as well as regional resource heterogeneities should receive attention in addition to the processes represented in established Earth system and integrated assessment models.
An NAD synthetic reaction bypasses the lipoate requirement for aerobic growth of Escherichia coli strains blocked in succinate catabolism

The lipoate coenzyme is essential for function of the pyruvate (PDH) and 2‐oxoglutarate (OGDH) dehydrogenases and thus for aerobic growth of Escherichia coli. LipB catalyzes the first step in lipoate synthesis, transfer of an octanoyl moiety from the fatty acid synthetic intermediate, octanoyl‐ACP, to PDH and OGDH. E. coli also encodes LplA, a ligase that in presence of exogenous octanoate (or lipoate) can bypass loss of LipB. LplA imparts ΔlipB strains with a ‘leaky’ growth phenotype on aerobic glucose minimal medium supplemented with succinate (which bypasses the OGDH‐catalyzed reaction), because it scavenges an endogenous octanoate pool to activate PDH. Here we characterize a ΔlipB suppressor strain that did not require succinate supplementation, but did require succinyl‐CoA ligase, confirming the presence of alternative source(s) of cytosolic succinate. We report that suppression requires inactivation of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), which greatly reduces the cellular requirement for succinate. In the suppressor strain succinate is produced by three enzymes, any one of which will suffice in the absence of SDH. These three enzymes are: trace levels of OGDH, the isocitrate lyase of the glyoxylate shunt and an unanticipated source, aspartate oxidase, the enzyme catalyzing the first step of nicotinamide biosynthesis.
Multiplication par bouturage d'un écotype Tunisien d'Eglantier ( Rosa canina L.)

L'eglantier (Rosa canina L.), plante aromatique et medicinale de la famille des Rosacees, rencontre differents types de problemes principalement ceux en rapport avec sa propagation. En effet, le taux de reussite du bouturage chez cette espece est faible. Ainsi, le present travail a consiste a faire une mise au point de la methode de multiplication par bouturage de l'eglantier en experimentant 3 types de boutures (ligneuse, semi-ligneuse et herbacee) chez un ecotype d'eglantier poussant a l'etat spontane (.)
Variable clinical presentation of glycogen storage disease type IV: from severe hepatosplenomegaly to cardiac insufficiency. Some discrepancies in genetic and biochemical abnormalities

Corresponding author: Dariusz Rokicki MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Children’s Memorial Health Institute Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 04-730 Warsaw, Poland Phone: +48 22 815 75 45 E-mail: d.rokicki@ipczd.pl 1 Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland 2 Department of Pathology, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland 3 Department of Medical Biology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland 4 Department of Medical Genetics, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland 5 University Children’s Hospital and Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Laboratory, Munich, Germany 6 Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Laboratory, Munich, Germany 7 Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland 8 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland 9 Department of Medical Genetics, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 10 Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
Antiviral Type I and Type III Interferon Responses in the Central Nervous System

The central nervous system (CNS) harbors highly differentiated cells, such as neurons that are essential to coordinate the functions of complex organisms. This organ is partly protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) from toxic substances and pathogens carried in the bloodstream. Yet, neurotropic viruses can reach the CNS either by crossing the BBB after viremia, or by exploiting motile infected cells as Trojan horses, or by using axonal transport. Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that are critical to control early steps of viral infections. Deficiencies in the IFN pathway have been associated with fatal viral encephalitis both in humans and mice. Therefore, the IFN system provides an essential protection of the CNS against viral infections. Yet, basal activity of the IFN system appears to be low within the CNS, likely owing to the toxicity of IFN to this organ. Moreover, after viral infection, neurons and oligodendrocytes were reported to be relatively poor IFN producers and appear to keep some susceptibility to neurotropic viruses, even in the presence of IFN. This review addresses some trends and recent developments concerning the role of type I and type III IFNs in: i) preventing neuroinvasion and infection of CNS cells; ii) the identity of IFN-producing cells in the CNS; iii) the antiviral activity of ISGs; and iv) the activity of viral proteins of neurotropic viruses that target the IFN pathway.
Excavations at Winchester 1962–63: Second Interim Report

One result of the excavations in Winchester in 1961 was the formation in 1962 of the Winchester Excavations Committee. The city is at present passing through a period of intensive rebuilding and development which offers many opportunities for archaeological research. Moreover, the 1961 excavations had directed attention to the problems of Winchester's Saxon minsters and the Dean and Chapter were willing to allow excavation near the cathedral. With these opportunities in view, the committee was formed to undertake excavations, both in advance of building projects, and on sites not so threatened, aimed at studying the development of Winchester as a town from its earliest origins to the establishment of the modern city. The centre of interest is the city itself, not any one period of its past, nor any one part of its remains. But we can hope that this approach will in particular throw light upon the end of the Roman city and on the establishment and development of the Saxon town, problems as vital to our understanding of urban development in this country, as they are difficult to solve. Further, it is essential to this approach that the study and interpretation of the documentary evidence should go hand in hand with archaeological research, for the existence of documentary materials greatly enhances the possibilities of interpretation inherent in the archaeological results, and vice versa.
The effect of intravenous ketoprofen on postoperative epidural sufentanil analgesia in children.

UNLABELLED We compared the effect of IV ketoprofen and placebo as an adjuvant to epidural sufentanil analgesia after major surgery. We used a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study design in 54 children aged 1-15 yr who received a standardized anesthetic. Either IV ketoprofen or saline was administered in addition to an epidural sufentanil infusion, which was adjusted as required clinically. The study drug infusions were discontinued when pain scores were <3 on 0-10 scale for 6 h at a sufentanil infusion rate of 0.03 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1). Children in the ketoprofen group had a better analgesic effect, as shown by decreased need for sufentanil (mean [10th-90th percentiles] 8.3 [3.1-15.1] microg/kg vs 12.5 [6.2-18.9] microg/kg; P = 0.002) and earlier possibility to discontinuation of the epidural sufentanil (11 [46%] vs 3 [13%]; P = 0.014) before the end of the 72-h study period. In the ketoprofen group, median (range) pain scores were lower during activity at 24 h (2 [0-5] vs 5 [0-7]; P = 0.01) and at 72 h (0 [0-3] vs 2 [0-6]; P = 0.033), and fewer children had inadequate pain relief during activity at 24 h (0 vs 5; P = 0.037). Children who received ketoprofen required fewer infusion rate adjustments (12 [4-20] vs 17 [6-42]; P = 0.016). In the ketoprofen group, the incidence of desaturation (1 [4%] vs 6 [26%]; P = 0.035) and fever (3 [12%] vs 11 [48%]; P = 0.008) was less than that in the placebo group. We conclude that ketoprofen improved postoperative pain in children. IMPLICATIONS We compared the effect of the IV nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ketoprofen versus placebo as adjuvants to epidural opioid analgesia with sufentanil. The continuous IV nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug improved pain after major surgery in children receiving an epidural opioid. Although ketoprofen reduced epidural sufentanil requirements, the incidence of opioid-related adverse effects was not changed.
The neuropsychological sequelae of delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture three months after hospital discharge

ABSTRACT Background: Delirium is a risk factor for long-term cognitive impairment and dementia. Yet, the nature of these cognitive deficits is unknown as is the extent to which the persistence of delirium symptoms and presence of depression at follow-up may account for the association between delirium and cognitive impairment at follow-up. We hypothesized that inattention, as an important sign of persistent delirium and/or depression, is an important feature of the cognitive profile three months after hospital discharge of patients who experienced in-hosptial delirium. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Fifty-three patients aged 75 years and older were admitted for surgical repair of acute hip fracture. Before the surgery, baseline characteristics, depressive symptomatology, and global cognitive performance were documented. The presence of delirium was assessed daily during hospital admission and three months after hospital discharge when patients underwent neuropsychological assessment. Results: Of 27 patients with in-hospital delirium, 5 were still delirious after three months. Patients with in-hospital delirium (but free of delirium at follow-up) showed poorer performance than patients without in-hospital delirium on tests of global cognition and episodic memory, even after adjustment for age, gender, and baseline cognitive impairment. In contrast, no differences were found on tests of attention. Patients with in-hospital delirium showed an increase of depressive symptoms after three months. However, delirium remained associated with poor performance on a range of neuropsychological tests among patients with few or no signs of depression at follow-up. Conclusion: Elderly hip fracture patients with in-hospital delirium experience impairments in global cognition and episodic memory three months after hospital discharge. Our results suggest that inattention, as a cardinal sign of persistent delirium or depressive symptomatology at follow-up, cannot fully account for the poor cognitive outcome associated with delirium.
The Memory Failures of Everyday (MFE) Test: Normative Data in Adults

One approach to the study of everyday memory failures is to use multiple-item questionnaires. The Memory Failures of Everyday (MFE) test is one of the most frequently used in Spain. Our objective is to provide normative data from the MFE in a sample of healthy, Spanish, adult participants for use in clinical practice. The sample consists of 647 employees at a large company ranging in age from 19-64 years-old. Everyday memory failures were evaluated by means of the MFE with the following response format: 0-2 (0 = never or rarely; 1 = occasionally, sometimes; 2 = frequently, often). Results: Mean MFE = 15.25 (SD = 7.50), range 0-40. Correlation with age: . 133 (p = .001); and with years of education: - . 059 (n.s.). A constant increase in MFE was not observed across age groups (F = 4, 59;p = .003, η2 = .02), but differences were revealed between the 19-29 and 40-49 age groups; no differences were observed between the remaining age groups. Only slight differences between men and women occurred, the women's mean being slightly higher than the men's, but the confidence intervals overlapped (F = 5, 71; p = .017, η2 = .01). These results indicate that age, years of education, and sex had no significant effects. In light of the above, the sample was viewed as a whole when computing the percentiles reported here. Un modo de abordar el estudio de los fallos de memoria de la vida diaria es utilizar cuestionarios de múltiples ítems. Uno de los más utilizados en nuestro medio es el Cuestionario de Fallos de Memoria de la Vida Cotidiana (MFE). Nuestro objetivo es presentar datos normativos para población adulta española del MFE para su utilización en la práctica clínica. La muestra está formada por 647 sujetos (19-64 años), trabajadores de una gran empresa. Se han evaluado los olvidos cotidianos mediante el MFE con la valoración 0-2 (0 = nunca, raras veces; 1 = pocas veces, algunas veces; 2 = con frecuencia, muchas veces). Resultados: La media del MFE es 15.25 (DT = 7.50), rango 0-40; correlación con la edad = . 133 (p = .001); con años de estudios: - . 059 (n.s.). Entre los grupos de edad no se observa un incremento constante en MFE (F = 4, 59; p = .003, η2 = .02), las diferencias se encuentran entre el grupo de 19-29 años y el de 40-49; no hay diferencias significativas entre las demás comparaciones. Respecto al sexo, hay pocas diferencias y los intervalos de confianza se solapan (F = 5, 71; p = .017; η2 = .01). Concluimos que no hay variaciones importantes por edad, sexo ni años de estudios. Teniendo esto en cuenta se considera al grupo como un todo para obtener los percentiles que se presentan.
Some new variational resonating-valence-bond-type wave functions for the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a square lattice.

We consider a class of singlet resonating-valence-bond wave functions on a square lattice, with the bond-length distribution as a variational parameter. This class contains the two limiting cases of the dimer wave function and of the Neel state. We present numerical calculations of the energy and the spin-spin correlation functions up to very large lattice sizes (180 x 180) both for disordered states with exponentially decaying correlation functions and for ordered states. The energy of a disordered state can be within 0.1% of our best ordered state (-0.3344J/bond).
Infection after fracture osteosynthesis – Part I

Bone and surgical site infections after osteosynthesis are notoriously difficult to manage and pose a tremendous burden in fracture management. In this article, we use the term osteosynthesis-associated infection (OAI) to refer to this clinical entity. While relatively few surgically treated fractures become infected, it is challenging to perform a rapid diagnosis. Optimal management strategies are complex and highly customized to each scenario and take into consideration the status of fracture union, the presence of hardware and the degree of mechanical stability. At present, a high level of relevant evidence is unavailable; most findings presented in the literature are based on laboratory work and non-randomized clinical studies. We present this overview of OAI in two parts: an examination of recent literature concerning OAI pathogenesis, diagnosis and classification and a review of treatment options.
Personalization in Goal-Oriented Dialog

The main goal of modeling human conversation is to create agents which can interact with people in both open-ended and goal-oriented scenarios. End-to-end trained neural dialog systems are an important line of research for such generalized dialog models as they do not resort to any situation-specific handcrafting of rules. However, incorporating personalization into such systems is a largely unexplored topic as there are no existing corpora to facilitate such work. In this paper, we present a new dataset of goal-oriented dialogs which are influenced by speaker profiles attached to them. We analyze the shortcomings of an existing end-to-end dialog system based on Memory Networks and propose modifications to the architecture which enable personalization. We also investigate personalization in dialog as a multi-task learning problem, and show that a single model which shares features among various profiles outperforms separate models for each profile.
Evaluation of a pharmacist-led outpatient direct oral anticoagulant service.

PURPOSE The impact of a pharmacist-led direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) service on prescription appropriateness and patient adherence was simultaneously evaluated. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, patients age 18 years or older for whom a DOAC was prescribed from September 20, 2013, through December 31, 2014, were identified through electronic medical record review of all DOAC prescriptions within the University of Michigan Health System. Patients had their DOAC therapy managed by a pharmacist-led DOAC service or by their physician (usual care). Primary endpoints included the percentage of patients who had appropriate DOAC therapy prescribed at baseline and at follow-up appointments at 3-6 months. Secondary endpoints included mean medication possession ratios (MPRs). RESULTS A total of 258 patients were included in the study, with 129 in each group. Patients in the pharmacist-led DOAC service were significantly more likely to have an appropriate combination of DOAC and dosage prescribed for their indication at baseline compared with the usual care group (p = 0.009), a finding that persisted at follow up (p = 0.016). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of patients determined to have an appropriate DOAC prescribed for an approved indication (independent of dose) in the pharmacist-led service (95.3%) versus usual care (93.0%) at baseline. Patients in the pharmacist-led service had a greater mean adjusted MPR compared with the usual care group (p = 0.0014) over a median follow-up period of 248 days. CONCLUSION A pharmacist-led DOAC service increased appropriate dosing of DOACs at baseline and follow up as well as patient adherence to therapy.
Expression of Toll-like receptor 3 and Toll-like receptor 7 in muscle is characteristic of inflammatory myopathy and is differentially regulated by Th1 and Th17 cytokines.

OBJECTIVE To assess the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and TLR-7 in muscle tissue from patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) and to investigate the function and regulation of TLR-3 in cultured muscle cells. METHODS The expression of TLR-3, TLR-7, HLA class I, and CD56, a marker of immature myoblast precursors, was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. TLR-3 regulation and signaling were assessed in myoblasts and in differentiated myotubes with the TLR-3 agonist poly(I-C), necrotic myoblasts, and Th1 and Th17 cytokines, in the presence or absence of neutralizing anti-TLR-3 antibody. Levels of TLR-3 messenger RNA (mRNA) were quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL20, and IL-8 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS TLR-3 and TLR-7 were expressed in PM/DM tissues, but not in noninflammatory muscle tissues, and were primarily detected in inflammatory infiltrates, although a few muscle cells were also positive. These TLR-3- and TLR-7-positive fibers expressed high levels of CD56 and HLA class I antigens. A synergy between poly(I-C) and IL-17 was observed for the production of IL-6 and CCL20. Similarly, stimulation with necrotic myoblasts increased IL-6 production, and stimulation with necrotic myoblasts in combination with IL-17 further increased the induction of IL-6. TLR-3 blockade decreased the inducing effect of necrotic myoblasts and IL-17 on IL-6 production. Stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) increased TLR-3 mRNA levels, but IL-17 down-regulated the inducing effect of IFNgamma. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TLR-3 and TLR-7 are expressed in inflammatory myopathic tissues, particularly in immature myoblast precursors. Necrotic muscle cells activate cytokine production, in part, through the TLR-3 pathway, with a differential regulatory effect of Th1 and Th17 cytokines.
Biological activity of some naturally occurring resins, gums and pigments against in vitro LDL oxidation

Naturally occurring gums and resins with beneﬁcial pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties were tested for their possible protective effect against copper‐induced LDL oxidation in vitro. Chios mastic gum (CMG) (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia resin) was the most effective in protecting human LDL from oxidation. The minimum and maximum doses for the saturation phenomena of inhibition of LDL oxidation were 2.5 mg and 50 mg CMG (75.3% and 99.9%, respectively). The methanol/water extract of CMG was the most effective compared with other solvent combinations. CMG when fractionated in order to determine a structure–activity relationship showed that the total mastic essential oil, collofonium‐like residue and acidic fractions of CMG exhibited a high protective activity ranging from 65.0% to 77.8%. The other natural gums and resins (CMG resin ‘liquid collection’, P. terebinthus var. Chia resin, dammar resin, acacia gum, tragacanth gum, storax gum) also tested as above, showed 27.0%–78.8% of the maximum LDL protection. The other naturally occurring substances, i.e. triterpenes (amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, lupeol, 18‐a‐glycyrrhetinic acid) and hydroxynaphthoquinones (naphthazarin, shikonin and alkannin) showed 53.5%–78.8% and 27.0%–64.1% LDL protective activity, respectively. The combination effects (68.7%–76.2% LDL protection) of ursolic‐, oleanolic‐ and ursodeoxycholic‐ acids were almost equal to the effect (75.3%) of the CMG extract in comparable doses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.