Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An experimental test of loss aversion and scale compatibility

This paper studies two important reasons why people violate procedure invariance, loss aversion and scale compatibility. The paper extends previous research on loss aversion and scale compatibility by studying loss aversion and scale compatibility simultaneously, by looking at a new decision domain, medical decision analysis, and by examining the effect of loss aversion and scale compatibility on "well-contemplated preferences. " We find significant evidence both of loss aversion and scale compatibility. However, the sizes of the biases due to loss aversion and scale compatibility vary over trade-offs and most participants do not behave consistently according to loss aversion or scale compatibility. In particular, the effect of loss aversion in medical trade-offs decreases with duration. These findings are encouraging for utility measurement and prescriptive decision analysis. There appear to exist decision contexts in which the effects of loss aversion and scale compatibility can be minimized and utilities can be measured that do not suffer from these distorting factors.
Simultaneous Assessment of Cardiac Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction

Background: Optimal healing of the myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI) requires a suitable degree of inflammation and its timely resolution, together with a well-orchestrated deposition and degradation of ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins. Methods and Results: MI and SHAM-operated animals were imaged at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days with 3T magnetic resonance imaging using a 19F/1H surface coil. Mice were injected with 19F-perfluorocarbon nanoparticles to study inflammatory cell recruitment, and with a gadolinium-based elastin-binding contrast agent to evaluate elastin content. 19F magnetic resonance imaging signal colocalized with infarction areas, as confirmed by late gadolinium enhancement, and was highest 7 days post-MI, correlating with macrophage content (MAC-3 immunohistochemistry; &rgr;=0.89, P<0.0001). 19F quantification with in vivo (magnetic resonance imaging) and ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy correlated linearly (&rgr;=0.58, P=0.020). T1 mapping after gadolinium-based elastin-binding contrast agent injection showed increased relaxation rate (R1) in the infarcted regions and was significantly higher at 21 days compared with 7 days post-MI (R1 [s−1]: 21 days=2.8 [interquartile range, 2.69–3.30] versus 7 days=2.3 [interquartile range, 2.12–2.5], P<0.05), which agreed with an increased tropoelastin content (&rgr;=0.89, P<0.0001). The predictive value of each contrast agent for beneficial remodeling was evaluated in a longitudinal proof-of-principle study. Neither R1 nor 19F at day 7 were significant predictors for beneficial remodeling (P=0.68; P=0.062). However, the combination of both measurements (R1<2.34 Hz and 0.55⩽19F⩽1.85) resulted in an odds ratio of 30.0 (CI 95%, 1.41–638.15; P=0.029) for favorable post-MI remodeling. Conclusions: Multinuclear 1H/19F magnetic resonance imaging allows the simultaneous assessment of inflammation and elastin remodeling in a murine MI model. The interplay of these biological processes affects cardiac outcome and may have potential for improved diagnosis and personalized treatment.
Assemblage Structure, Production, and Food Web Dynamics of Macroinvertebrates in Tropical Island Headwater Streams

Variation in long-term temperature and precipitation patterns will likely influence the decomposition and export of benthic organic matter and influence aquatic macroinvertebrate consumer communities. Tropical systems are relatively understudied; therefore basal information is urgently needed. As part of an ongoing long-term study, we monitored macroinvertebrates in two shrimp-dominated and fishless headwater streams within the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico from 2009-2010. We combined growth rates with yearly biomass data to calculate secondary production and examined gut contents to develop quantitative food webs. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by a few insect taxa, with similar biotic composition across streams and habitats, but different structure amongst habitats. Biomass and abundance were generally greater in pools, suggesting that pools may provide habitat stability and shelter. Alternatively, shrimp may provide secondary benefits by removing fine sediments given their high density in pools. Overall, aquatic insects had low biomass; therefore, their production was relatively low as is the case in most tropical areas. However, their turnover rates were not as high as expected. Secondary production appears to rely more on amorphous detritus and allochthonous organic matter rather than algal resources. These data are an important first step towards predicting the long-term effects that expected changes in rainfall and discharge will have in tropical stream communities. INDEX WORDS: Food webs, Secondary production, Macroinvertebrates, Tropics, Headwater streams, Long-term dataset, Food content analysis
Norm estimates for radially symmetric solutions of semilinear elliptic equations

The semilinear elliptic equation Am + f(u) = 0 in R" with the condition lim^^oo u(x) = 0 is studied, where n > 2 and f(u) has a superlinear and subcritical growth at u = ±oo. For example, the functions /(«) = IuI'-'k -w(l<p<ooif« = 2, 1 < p < (n + 2)/(n - 2) if n > 3) and f(u) = u log |u| are treated. The L2 and Hl norm estimates Cx(k + \)"l2 < \\u\\0 < \\u\\Hi < C2{k + l)"/2 are established for any radially symmetric solution u which has exactly k > 0 zeros in the interval 0 < |jc | < oo . Here Cx, C2 > 0 are independent of u and k .
Fruit juices with probiotics – new type of functional foods

Horáčková Š. , Rokytová K. , Bialasová K. , Klojdová I. , Sluková M. (2018): Fruit juices with probiotics – new type of functional foods. Czech J. Food Sci., 36: 284–288. The cells of commercial strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 were encapsulated using emulsion encapsulation in a milk protein matrix. The volume based median of the microcapsules was 52.1 ± 6.2 μm. The stability of free and encapsulated cells was compared during 28 day-storage in pineapple juice and in strawberry-apple juice at 8 ± 1°C and 22 ± 1°C. Encapsulation ensured a higher number of cells compared to the free cells only at 8 ± 1°C. Strawberry-apple juice was found to be not suitable as probiotic vehicle. Both free and encapsulated cells lost their viability after 14 days at 22 ± 1°C. The number of bifidobacteria cells, pH and lactic and acetic acid content did not change in pineapple and strawberry-apple juice after 24 h cultivation at 37°C.
The IR Has Two Faces: Positioning Institutional Repositories for Success

ABSTRACT This article describes the ongoing efforts at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Libraries to evolve the role of the institutional repository (IR) and to effectively position it within the context of the Libraries’ collections, research support, and scholarly communication services. A major component of this process is re-examining the fundamental aims of the IR and aligning it to the Libraries and the campus strategic goals. The authors situate UNLV Libraries’ experience within the context of the current literature to provide background and reasoning for our decision to pursue two, at times conflicting, aims for the IR: one for scholarly communication and another for research administration.
Are morphology-performance relationships invariant across different seasons? A test with the green anole lizard (**Anolis carolinensis**)

A key assumption in ecomorphological studies is that morphology-function relationships are invariant due to underlying biomechanical principles. We tested the hypothesis that morphology-performance relationships are invariant across different seasons by examining how a key performance trait, bite force, and two aspects of morphology (head shape and dewlap size) changed seasonally in the field and in the laboratory in the green anole lizard Anolis carolinensis. We found that not only did bite force change seasonally (up to 80% within the same individual), but relationships between morphology and bite force are highly plastic. Of the three traits examined (bite force, head shape, and dewlap area), only head shape did not change seasonally. We noted opposing trends for how bite force and dewlap area changed seasonally; whereas dewlap areas were large in the spring, and small in the winter, bite forces were low in the spring and high in the winter. This pattern occurred because of a tradeoff at the individual level: individuals in the spring with large dewlaps and high bite forces diminish their dewlaps (but not bite force), whereas individuals with small dewlaps and low bite forces in the spring increase their bite forces (but not dewlap size). We also show that this trend was apparent both in the field (comparing different individuals) and the laboratory (comparing the same set of individuals under standardized conditions). Finally, seasonal changes were not consistent among individuals for either bite force or dewlap area, as individuals changed seasonally in proportion to their initial state. These findings cast doubt on the widely held view of invariant morphology-performance relationships, and offer a cautionary note for eco-morphological studies.
Lexical Licensing in Formal Grammar

This paper discusses instances of restricted combinability of lexical items (words and multi-word units) with their contexts. Different subtypes of distributional idiosyncrasies are presented, which occur on the phonological, morpho-syntactical, and semantic levels. Notably, external sandhi, cranberry words, decomposable idioms and (idiosyncratic) polarity items are addressed. These phenomena reveal an interesting interplay with regular language as well as between the different levels themselves. A detailed lexicalist analysis is provided within a formal grammar framework, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. This approach motivates an architecture of grammar that includes a module to accommodate specific restrictions on the occurrence environment of a lexical unit.
Morphology, Aggregation Properties, Cytocompatibility, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Citrate-Stabilized AuNPs Prepared by Modular Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) possesses a great potential for production of higher quantities of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), thus overcoming the problem of batch-to-batch variations in their properties. Recently, we demonstrated that USP with an additional evaporation chamber (modular USP) led to a better size control of AuNPs. However, their morphology, stability, toxicity, and immunomodulatory properties have not been investigated completely. Here, two types of spherical AuNPs were produced by using different USP parameters, followed by their stabilization in Na-citrate solution. No significant changes in their size, agglomeration, and z-potential occurred 3 months after their initial production in citrate solution. However, the conditioning of AuNPs in serum-containing cell culture media for 24źh induced an increase in the AuNPsź hydrodynamic size and a red shift in their Surface Plasmon Resonance, pointing to their instability in biological media. Cytocompatibility tests showed that the produced AuNPs were internalized by L929 cells and primary human monocytes and were not cytotoxic at the concentrations lower than 200źźg/mL, but they exhibited antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. AuNPs reduced the percentage of CD14+CD16+ but not CD14lowCD16+ monocytes in vitro and reduced the expression of CD86, HLA-DR, TNF-ź, and IL-12/IL-23 by these cells. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of citrate-capped AuNPs produced by modular USP could be beneficial for their application in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
Investigation into dog bite in cattle, goats and dog at selected veterinary hospitals in Bangladesh and India -

Objective: The study was conducted to estimate the proportionate prevalence of dog bite in cattle, goats and dog at selected veterinary hospitals in Bangladesh and India, and to assess the farmers’ knowledge level about dog bite and rabies in general. Materials and methods: A 4-month prospective study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of dog bite in different species at selected veterinary hospitals in Bangladesh and India during January to July 2015. A total of 119 dog bite cases were identified by anamnesis, manifesting signs and clinical and physical examinations. Information about site of bite, duration, bite management, vaccination history, rabid dog, breed, age, sex and knowledge about rabies were composed by extensive cross-questioning to the farmers using pre-structured questionnaire. Results: The proportionate prevalence was found higher in goats (25.7%) irrespective of study placements. Hind leg (28-50%) and hind quarter (13-34%) of all species were found as the most vulnerable body part for dog bite. Younger (8-26%) and female (6-36%) animals were more prone to attack by dog. About 65% farmers had preliminary knowledge about rabies and they were aware about high fatality rate of this disease. Most of the respondents (about 45%) said that they did not know about how many days required to occur rabies after the animal being bitten by a rabid dog. Around 70% people had knowledge about source of rabies vaccine, and 74% people thought that the Government Veterinary Hospital was the main source of post exposure rabies vaccine. After dog biting, out of 119, 106 victims were recovered as a result of proper washing and dressing of biting site, and administration of post exposure rabies vaccine. Conclusion: Dog bite was higher in younger and female animals as compared to males and adult animals with an exception in case of dog.
Molecular and Horticultural Characteristics of In vitro Induced Tomato Mutants

In addition to the traditional breeding approaches, genetic variability in tomato can be induced also by means of mutagenesis. The objective of this study was to develop an In vitro technique suitable for mutation induction on tomato and characterize them by RAPD and SSR markers as well as horticultural characteristics. The influence of various concentrations (0, 0.07, 0.14 and 0.25%) of the chemical mutagen, Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS), on the in vitro shoot formation from cotyledon explants of two tomato cultivars was studied. The percentage of responding explants ranged from 45.2 to 95% in dependence on genotype and EMS concentrations. Two PCR-based techniques, RAPD and SSR, were used for analysis of genetic variations in regenerated plants from in vitro cultures combined with EMS treatment (0.25%). The percentage of polymorphism detected by RAPD and SSR primers reached 25.64%. Grouping of the original cultivar and their mutants indicated the genetic distinctness as they are placed in different clusters/groups far from each other. Mutants regenerated from the wide cultivated cultivar in Egypt (Super strain B) were evaluated with their origin cultivar in a field experiment for yield potential and fruit quality. The results revealed that the mutants were differed in number of branches, early and total yield, average fruit weight, fruit firmness and TSS content. Moreover, mutant lines S1, S3, S6 and S13 had some desirable horticultural traits and could be used in improving tomato crop by breeding programs or they could be considered as new breeding lines.
Effect of the revisit interval and temporal upscaling methods on the accuracy of remotely sensed evapotranspiration estimates

Abstract. Accurate spatially distributed estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ET) derived from remotely sensed data are critical to a broad range of practical and operational applications. However, due to lengthy return intervals and cloud cover, data acquisition is not continuous over time, particularly for satellite sensors operating at medium ( ∼ 100 m) or finer resolutions. To fill the data gaps between clear-sky data acquisitions, interpolation methods that take advantage of the relationship between ET and other environmental properties that can be continuously monitored are often used. This study sought to evaluate the accuracy of this approach, which is commonly referred to as temporal upscaling, as a function of satellite revisit interval. Using data collected at 20 Ameriflux sites distributed throughout the contiguous United States and representing four distinct land cover types (cropland, grassland, forest, and open-canopy) as a proxy for perfect retrievals on satellite overpass dates, this study assesses daily ET estimates derived using five different reference quantities (incident solar radiation, net radiation, available energy, reference ET, and equilibrium latent heat flux) and three different interpolation methods (linear, cubic spline, and Hermite spline). Not only did the analyses find that the temporal autocorrelation, i.e., persistence, of all of the reference quantities was short, it also found that those land cover types with the greatest ET exhibited the least persistence. This carries over to the error associated with both the various scaled quantities and flux estimates. In terms of both the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), the errors increased rapidly with increasing return interval following a logarithmic relationship. Again, those land cover types with the greatest ET showed the largest errors. Moreover, using a threshold of 20 % relative error, this study indicates that a return interval of no more than 5 days is necessary for accurate daily ET estimates. It also found that the spline interpolation methods performed erratically for long return intervals and should be avoided.
On the complexity of the relations of isomorphism and bi-embeddability

Given an L_{\omega_1 \omega}-elementary class C, that is the collection of the countable models of some L_{\omega_1 \omega}-sentence, denote by \cong_C and \equiv_C the analytic equivalence relations of, respectively, isomorphism and bi-embeddability on C. Generalizing some questions of Louveau and Rosendal [LR05], in [FMR09] it was proposed the problem of determining which pairs of analytic equivalence relations (E,F) can be realized (up to Borel bireducibility) as pairs of the form (\cong_C,\equiv_C), C some L_{\omega_1 \omega}-elementary class (together with a partial answer for some specific cases). Here we will provide an almost complete solution to such problem: under very mild conditions on E and F, it is always possible to find such an L_{\omega_1 \omega}-elementary class C.
Insights from the outskirts: Chemical and dynamical properties in the outer parts of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy

We present radial velocities and [Fe/H] abundances for 340 stars in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal from R ∼ 16 000 spectra. The targets were obtained in the outer parts of the galaxy, a region that has been poorly studied. Our sample shows a wide range in [Fe/H], between −0. 5a nd−3.0 dex, in which we detect three subgroups. Removal of stars belonging to the most metal-rich population produces a truncated metallicity distribution function that is identical to Sculptor, indicating that these systems shared a similar early evolution, except that Fornax experienced a late, intense period of star formation (SF). The derived age-metallicity relation shows a fast increase in [Fe/H] at early ages, after which the enrichment flattens significantly for stars younger than ∼8 Gyr. Additionally, the data indicate a strong population of stars around 4 Gyr, followed by a second rapid enrichment in [Fe/H]. A leaky-box chemical enrichment model generally matches the observed relation but predicts neither a significant population of young stars nor strong enrichment at late times. The young population in Fornax may therefore stem from an externally triggered SF event. Our dynamical analysis reveals an increasing velocity dispersion with decreasing [Fe/H] from σsys ≈ 7. 5k m s −1 to ≥14 km s −1 . The large velocity dispersion at low metallicities is possibly the result of a non-Gaussian velocity distribution among stars older than ∼8 Gyr. Our sample also includes members from the Fornax globular clusters H2 and H5. In agreement with past studies we find [Fe/H] = −2.04 ± 0.04 and a mean radial velocity RV = 59.36 ± 0.31 km s −1 for H2 and [Fe/H] = −2.02 ± 0.11 and RV = 59.39 ± 0.44 km s −1 for H5. Finally, we test different calibrations of the calcium triplet over more than 2 dex in [Fe/H] and find best agreement with the calibration equations provided by Carrera et al. (2013, MNRAS, 434, 1681). Overall, we find high complexity in the chemical and dynamical properties, with signatures that additionally vary with galactocentric distance. Detailed knowledge about the properties of stars at all radii is therefore needed to draw a conclusive picture about the star formation and chemical evolution in Fornax.
Mass-balance estimates for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, from 2000 to 2006 using DEMs and distributed mass-balance modeling

Abstract A distributed mass-balance modeling approach is required to assess the impact of future climate scenarios on water availability in glaciated basins. Accurate estimation of water stored within the snow, firn and ice of such basins requires knowledge of the distributed snow and ice mass balance throughout the year. In this study, we estimate the annual mass balance and runoff for Haut Glacier d′Arolla, Switzerland, from 2000 to 2006. Our estimations are based on observed elevation changes from three digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from aerial photographs in September 1999 and 2005, and October 2006. In addition to these estimations, we implement a combined field observation and a distributed mass-balance modeling approach. An energy-balance model driven by meteorological variables from automatic weather stations inside the catchment area, including gravitational snow transport, is run for the period 2005–06. The model results are validated with direct snow water equivalent measurements as well as with runoff measurements. Combining the mass-balance measurements, energy-balance calculations and measured runoff, we estimate the contribution from ice melt to the runoff for this period to be 25–30%, the contribution from snowmelt 50–60% and the contribution from rain 15–25%. Our model results also show that the snow distribution affects both snow and ice melt. It is therefore important for water resources management to understand the distribution of snow in alpine catchments, as it seems to be the controlling factor for the timing of streamflow throughout the year as well as for the total availability of water.
Introduction and Application of Lean Manufacturing Techniques in Mechanical Engineering Senior Design Practicum

Manufacturers have adopted lean manufacturing principles in order to reduce operating costs, decrease production time, and improve customer satisfaction. As lean manufacturing methodology becomes more commonplace in industry, introducing undergraduate students to these practices becomes increasingly important. This case study aimed to evaluate a module of a senior design curriculum and give undergraduate Mechanical Engineering students an introduction to lean manufacturing goals, tools, and best practices. This was accomplished through an in-class lecture, group discussions, along with pre and post surveys. Survey results demonstrated that students were able to develop an effective understanding of lean manufacturing, could successfully identify wastes according to lean principles, and propose ways to implement lean tools and techniques on university-scale design projects. This allowed us to validate that students could apply lean manufacturing principles to a variety of prototype projects, giving them hands-on experience with lean practices. From the results of this study, a number of suggestions were recorded for implementing lean ideas thus improving the structure of a mechanical engineering capstone class. Incorporating these suggestions will enhance the efficiency of the course and provide students practical experience with lean manufacturing.