Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hansen Solubility Parameters : A User's Handbook, Second Edition

Press, 2012, 1420006835, 9781420006834, 544 pages. Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) are used to predict molecular affinities, solubility, and solubility-related phenomena. Revised and updated throughout, Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, Second Edition features the three Hansen solubility parameters for over 1200 chemicals and correlations for over 400 materials including polymers, inorganic salts, and biological materials. To update his groundbreaking handbook with the latest advances and perspectives, Charles M. Hansen has invited five renowned experts to share their work, theories, and practical applications involving HSPs. New discussions include a new statistical thermodynamics approach for confirming existing HSPs and how they fit into other thermodynamic theories for polymer solutions. Entirely new chapters examine the prediction of environmental stress cracking as well as absorption and diffusion in polymers. Highlighting recent findings on interactions with DNA, the treatment of biological materials also includes skin tissue, proteins, natural fibers, and cholesterol. The book also covers the latest applications of HSPs, such as ozone-safe Ð2Ð‚ÑšdesignerÐ2Ð‚Ñœ solvents, protective clothing, drug delivery systems, and petroleum applications. Presenting a comprehensive survey of the theoretical and practical aspects of HSPs, Hansen Solubility Parameters, Second Edition concludes with a detailed discussion on the necessary research, future directions, and potential applications for which HSPs can provide a useful means of prediction in areas such as biological materials, controlled release applications, nanotechnology, and self-assembly.
THE ABSENCE OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE IN THE MASS–METALLICITY RELATION AT z = 2

We investigate the environmental dependence of the mass–metallicity relation at z = 2 with MOSFIRE/Keck as part of the ZFIRE survey. Here, we present the chemical abundance of a Virgo-like progenitor at z = 2.095 that has an established red sequence. We identified 43 cluster ( ⟨ z ⟩ = 2.095 ± 0.004 ? > ) and 74 field galaxies ( ⟨ z ⟩ = 2.195 ± 0.083 ? > ) for which we can measure metallicities. For the first time, we show that there is no discernible difference between the mass–metallicity relation of field and cluster galaxies to within 0.02 dex. Both our field and cluster galaxy mass–metallicity relations are consistent with recent field galaxy studies at z ∼ 2 ? > . We present hydrodynamical simulations for which we derive mass–metallicity relations for field and cluster galaxies. We find at most a 0.1 dex offset toward more metal-rich simulated cluster galaxies. Our results from both simulations and observations suggest that environmental effects, if present, are small and are secondary to the ongoing inflow and outflow processes that are governed by galaxy halo mass.
Building the digital dummy: towards developing high resolution, predictive 3D models of musculoskeletal systems

viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 What is the big picture? 1 Working towards highly-predictive models of the Musculoskeletal system . 1 Applications & Benefits . 2 What do we know and how do we know it? 3 What do we know about the MSK System and its individual components? 3 How do these components work together as one cohesive unit? 21 How has MSK systems been studied? 22 Computational Biomechanics . 22 Comparative Biomechanics . 23 Beam Mechanics . 25 What is FEA? 27 Alternatives to FEA . 28 How have Components of MSK biomechanics been simulated with FEA? 29 How sensitive are simulations? 30 The Importance Of Accurate Material Properties . 31 Imaging Modalities . 32 What do we not know? 34 Opportunities and challenges with simulating the MSK system . 35 Challenges . 35 Opportunities. 35 Applications of next generation models? 36 Prosthesis design . 36 Patient-specific planning of orthopaedics . 36 Implant design and optimisation . 36 General purpose research tool . 37 A design environment for bionics . 37
Katabatic Flow Mechanisms on a Low-Angle Slope

Momentum and heat budget equations for katabatic flows on sloping surfaces are revisited. Terms in these equations are evaluated using wind and potential temperature data from four tethered-balloon data collection systems on a 3-km line running down a 1.6° slope at the foot of the Oquirrh Mountains in Utah’s Great Salt Lake valley. The analyses focus on the development with downslope distance of the katabatic flow and the associated negatively buoyant layer under synoptically undisturbed conditions. With strong ambient stratification, the katabatic flow shows little variation between sites, suggesting a state close to local equilibrium. When the ambient stratification is weaker, the acceleration of the katabatic flow between two tethersonde sites is systematically larger than what would be predicted based on observed buoyancy. Comparison of observed flow direction with the local topographic gradient indicates that slope curvature, associated with small deviations from the basically planar slope, may be responsible for the anomalous increase. It is concluded that the cross-slope homogeneity of the flow, which is assumed in simplified katabatic flow models, may be significantly disturbed even on slopes that appear to be planar to the observer.
Predictability in a Model of Geophysical Turbulence

Abstract The nature of predictability is examined in a numerical model relevant to the midlatitude atmosphere and oceans. The approach followed is novel and uses new theoretical tools from information theory, namely entropy functionals, as measures of information content and their application to finite ensembles. Particular attention is paid here to the practical application of these methods to the problem of ensemble prediction in dynamical systems with state spaces of high dimensionality. In this case, typically only an estimate of the prediction probability distribution function is available at coarse resolution. A methodology for estimating the information loss implied by this limited knowledge is introduced and applied to the practical problem of measuring prediction information content in a model able to generate geophysical turbulence. The application studied here generates such turbulence through the mechanism of baroclinic instability via an imposed and constant mean vertical shear. In traditiona.
The Social Situation of Child Development

In this chapter from Personality and Its Formation in Childhood (1968), L.I. Bozhovich elaborates two concepts proposed by Vygotsky: the concept of psychological age and the social situation of development. They are presented as mechanisms and moving forces of development in addition to the primary needs of the child. The second part of the chapter illustrates her elaboration of the concept of perezhivanie [experience] as an emotional mechanism in personality development.
Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System

The book contains a collection of studies examining trade- related issues negotiated in regional trade agreements (RTAs) and how RTAs are related to the WTO’s rules. While previous work has focused on subsets of RTAs, these studies are based on what is probably the largest dataset used to date, and highlight key issues that have been negotiated in all RTAs notified to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). New rules within RTAs are compared to rules agreed upon by WTO members. The extent of their divergences and the potential implications for parties to RTAs, as well as for WTO members that are not parties to RTAs, are examined. This volume makes an important contribution to the current debate on the role of the WTO in regulating international trade and how WTO rules relate to new rules being developed by RTAs.
Original Papers Spontaneous Facial Mimicry, Liking and Emotional Contagion

Mimicking expressions is a phylogenetically ancient and basic form of intraspecies communication (Brothers, 1990); it may have been evolutionarily adaptive because it helped humans communicate and foster relationships (Lakin, Jefferis, Cheng, & Chartrand, 2003). When an observer matches the facial expression of another, emotion-related thoughts and feelings may be modulated or initiated in the observer (McIntosh, 1996; McIntosh, Druckman, & Zajonc, 1994). Thus, mimicry appears to play a role in such intertwined and basic social processes as emotional contagion (Hatfield, Cacioppo, & Rapson, 1992; Lundquist & Dimberg, 1995; McIntosh et al., 1994; Vaughan & Lanzetta, 1981), dyadic rapport (Capella, 1993), behaviors such as helping and generosity (van Baaren, Holland, Kawakami, & van Knippenberg, 2004), and the perception and interpretation of facial expressions of emotion (Niedenthal, Brauer, Halberstadt, & Innes-Ker, 2001). Moreover, mimicry appears impaired in autism, a disorder of social-emotional functioning (McIntosh, Reichmann-Decker, Winkielman & Wilbarger, 2006), and some theorize that this deficit may cause some of the symptoms evident in autism (Moody & McIntosh, in press). The importance of mimicry for interpersonal and emotional processes has generated significant work in recent years; however, basic issues such as the extent of mimicry of live (not photographed or videotaped) models and variables that moderate the extent of mimicry are relatively unexplored. The present studies address these questions. They focus on facial mimicry, as most investigations of mimicry have concentrated on the face (Hess, Philippot, & Blairy, 1998), and the best evidence for the role of mimicry in emotional contagion is associated with facial mimicry (Hatfield et al., 1992). Numerous studies document that people mimic. For example, presentations of posed faces Daniel N. McIntosh*
On Optimal Communication Networks

We model an organization as a team in which there is both an individual pure decision problem and a collective coordination problem. Workers have individual private information on the task they have to perform. They share this private information through pairwise informal meetings. We analyze how this informal communication pattern, modelled by means of a network structure, impacts individual behavior and aggregate welfare. There is a unique equilibrium of this bayesian game. Each agents optimal action depends on a properly de ned knowledge index that measures how the aggregation of information received helps him to infer higher-order beliefs on others information after communication. We also single out the geometry of informal communication channels among workers that the manager would like to implement to improve the organizations performance. We are grateful to Faruk Gul and Xavier Vives for helpful comments. Financial support from the Fundación BBVA, the Spanish Ministry of Education and FEDER through grant SEJ2005-01481ECON, and the Barcelona Economics Program XREA is gratefully acknowledged. yICREA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CEPR. Address for correspondence: Department of Economics, Edi ci B, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. Email: antoni.calvo@uab.es, http://selene.uab.es/acalvo zUniversitat Pompeu Fabra. Address for correspondence: Department of Economics and Business; Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain. Email: joan.demarti@upf.edu, http://pareto.uab.es/jdemarti
The opposing processes model of competition: Elucidating the effects of competition on risk-taking.

This research examined opposing motivational processes produced by competition in vivo. Participants (N 115) were randomly assigned to competition or no competition conditions, and completed a risk behavior measure (the Columbia Card Task). Cardiovascular responses were monitored during performance to assess challenge (approach-motivated) and threat (avoidance-motivated) states. Competition participants exhibited more sympathetic arousal than controls, but no main effects of competition emerged for the motivationally tuned cardiovascular measures or risk outcomes. Instead, consistent with the opposing processes model, within the competition condition some participants were approach-oriented (as indicated by challenge-type physiological responses), whereas others were avoidance-oriented (as indicated by threat-type physiological responses). Moreover, participants who exhibited a challenge pattern of physiology reactivity were more riskseeking than participants who exhibited a threat pattern of reactivity. Findings are discussed in the context of existing work on competition and risk, and the opposing processes model of competition.
Le secteur des langues pour spécialistes d’autres disciplines dans les universités françaises : résultats d’une enquête nationale menée par la SAES

Introduction Pour tenter de cerner au mieux les contours du secteur des langues pour specialistes d’autres disciplines (Lansad) en France, une enquete nationale a ete menee en 2015 a l’initiative de la Societe des anglicistes de l’enseignement superieur (SAES). La mise en œuvre de l’enquete a ete confiee aux membres de la « Commission formations » de cette societe savante, qui ont limite l’etude, dans un premier temps, aux seules universites. Le lancement de cette enquete exploratoire necessi.
Judicial Independence and Retention Elections

Judges face retention elections in over a third of US state courts of last resort and numerous lower courts. According to conventional wisdom, these elections engender judicial independence and decrease democratic accountability. We argue that in the context of modern judicial campaigns, retention elections create pressure for judges to cater to public opinion on "hot-button" issues that are salient to voters. Moreover, this pressure can be as great as that in contestable elections. We test these arguments by comparing decisions across systems with retention, partisan, and nonpartisan contestable elections. Employing models that account for judge- and state-specific effects, we analyze new data regarding abortion cases decided by state supreme courts between 1980 and 2006. The results provide strong evidence for the arguments. (JEL D72, K40) The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Yale University. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
Teorías del tipo de cambio: una panorámica

En este trabajo se ofrece una panoramica de las principales aportaciones teoricas a la literatura sobre la determinacion de los tipos de cambio. Se examinan sucesivamente la hipotesis de la paridad del poder adquisitivo, el modelo tradicional de flujos, los modelos de activos (en sus dos versiones: monetario y de equilibrio de cartera), y una serie de desarrollos posteriores que han surgido ante la insatisfaccion derivada del mal comportamiento empirico de los modelos anteriores. Por ultimo, se revisa la evidencia empirica disponible para el caso de la peseta.
The Muslim Disparity in Education Attainment : Explanations from Indonesia

This paper documents the gap in secondary education progression between Muslims and nonMuslims using a panel dataset from Indonesia. The finding is that Muslim males face a lower chance of enroling in senior secondary level. For those who graduated from senior secondary, the probability of a Muslim male to enrol in college is around 53 percent lower than a nonMuslim male. It appears that equalising two sets of covariates, scholastic ability and parental education, completely removes the gap at senior secondary enrolment. However, the gap at college enrolment appears to be related to labour market returns to college education.
An Efficient Method for Human Ear Recognition

Biometrics incorporates the investigation of programmed techniques for recognizing people in view of physical or behavioral qualities. Discovering great biometric techniques has been investigated widely in recent years. Among a few biometric techniques, ear is very steady since it doesn't differ with age and feeling. The ear is recognized based on the height of the ear, reference line cut point and corresponding angles. The proposed method is researched on the ear in random orientation and shows a greater accuracy than existing dominant approach. The recognition accuracy is increased by removing the noise in captured ear images and developing new methodologies to work with real time images.
On certain classes of harmonic functions defined by the fractional derivatives

In this paper we have introduced two new classes HM(�,�,k,�) and HM(�,�,k,�) of complex valued harmonic multivalent functions of the form f = h + g, satisfying the condition ff > �, (z 2 D) where h and g are analytic in the unit disk D = {z : |z| < 1}. A suffi- cient coefficient condition for this function in the classHM(�,�,k,�) and a necessary and sufficient coefficient condition for the functio n f in the class HM(�,�,k,�) are determined. We investigate inclusion relations, distortion theorem, extreme points, convex combination and other interesting properties for these families of harmonic functions.
Metacognitive Analysis of Pre-Service Teachers of Chemistry in Posting Questions

Questions addressed to something can induce metacognitive function to monitor a person’s thinking process. This study aims to describe the structure of the level of student questions based on thinking level and chemistry understanding level and describe how students use their metacognitive knowledge in asking. This research is a case study in chemistry learning, followed by 87 students. Results of the analysis revealed that the structure of thinking level of student question consists of knowledge question, understanding and application question, and high thinking question; the structure of chemistry understanding levels of student questions are a symbol, macro, macro-micro, macro-process, micro-process, and the macro-micro-process. The level Questioning skill of students to scientific articles more qualified than the level questioning skills of students to the teaching materials. The analysis result of six student interviews, a student question demonstrate the metacognitive processes with categories: (1) low-level metacognitive process, which is compiled based on questions focusing on a particular phrase or change the words; (2) intermediate level metacognitive process, submission of questions requires knowledge and understanding, and (3) high-level metacognitive process, the student questions posed based on identifying the central topic or abstraction essence of scientific articles.
Weak Approximation for Tori Over p-adic Function Fields

We study local-global questions for Galois cohomology over the function field of a curve defined over a p-adic field, the main focus being weak approximation of rational points. We construct a 9-term Poitou-Tate-type exact sequence for tori over a field as above (and also a 12-term sequence for finite modules). Like in the number field case, part of the sequence can then be used to analyze the defect of weak approximation for a torus. We also show that the defect of weak approximation is controlled by a certain subgroup of the third unramified cohomology group of the torus. © 2014 © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Non-Glimm–Effros equivalence relations at second projective level

A model is presented in which the Σ1 2 equivalence relation xCy iff L[x] = L[y] of equiconstructibility of reals does not admit a reasonable form of the Glimm–Effros theorem. The model is a kind of iterated Sacks generic extension of the constructible model, but with an “ill”founded “length” of the iteration. In another model of this type, we get an example of a Π1 2 non-Glimm–Effros equivalence relation on reals. As a more elementary application of the technique of “ill”founded Sacks iterations, we obtain a model in which every nonconstructible real codes a collapse of a given cardinal κ ≥ א 2 to א 1 . Introduction. Theorems of the following type are quite usual in mathematics: Every object in some domain is either “regular” in some specified sense, or , if it is “singular” then it includes a certain distinguished “singular” object . For instance, by Suslin’s old theorem, a Borel, or, more generally, Σ1 set of reals is either countable (= “regular”) or contains a perfect subset (= the distinguished type of uncountable sets). The behaviour of more complicated sets with respect to this particular “dichotomy” was completely investigated in the early era of forcing: first, a Σ2 set is either of cardinality ≤ א1 or contains a perfect subset; second, nothing like this can be proved for Π2 sets unless we use special strong axioms (like the axiom of determinacy) or work in special “regular” models (for example the Solovay model). It is a related but more general and much more difficult problem to investigate, in this manner, the number of equivalence classes of an equiv1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 03E15, 03E35, 04A15; Secondary 03E40. Partially supported by the Max Planck Institute (Bonn), University of Wuppertal, and IPM (Tehran) during visits in 1995–1996, AMS and DFG, and NIOKR MPS.
Design Load Evaluation for Tsunami Shelters Based on Damage Observations after Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster Due to the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake

Tsunami shelters are of great importance to mitigate casualties by earthquake-induced killer waves, and the design guidelines for their practical design are recently developed by a task committee under the Japanese Cabinet Office, since great earthquakes significantly affecting coastal regions are expected to occur in the near future in Japan. Although they propose a practical design formula to calculate tsunami loads acting on shelters, it is derived primarily based on laboratory tests with scaled models but not on damage observations. It is therefore essential to examine the design loads through comparison between observed damage and structural strength. In December 2004, a huge scale Sumatra Earthquake caused extensive and catastrophic damage to 12 countries in the Indian Ocean. The author visited Sri Lanka and Thailand to survey structural damage due to tsunami, and investigated the relationship between damage to structures, lateral strengths computed based on their member properties, and observed tsunami heights. In the survey, 28 simple structures generally found in the affected coastal regions were investigated. The investigated results show that the design tsunami loads proposed in the guidelines are found rational to avoid serious damage but may not be conservative if the load amplification due to drifting debris is taken into account.
¿TÚ O USTED? ¿CUÁNDO Y POR QUÉ? DESCODIFICACIÓN AL USO DEL ESTUDIANTE DE ESPAÑOL COMO LENGUA EXTRANJERA

La razon de este trabajo tiene su origen en la comprobada dificultad de asimilacion por parte del alumno extranjero de un fenomeno relativamente reciente: La invasion del pronombre Tu en muchas areas de la comunicacion donde tradicional y logicamente imperaba el pronombre Usted. Y si digo relativamente reciente es porque no debemos olvidar que, tradicionalmente, el espanol siempre ha tuteado con mas facilidad que otras lenguas romanicas.
Tacit Collusion Under Destination- and Origin-Based Commodity Taxation

The paper employs a standard model of dynamic price competition to study how international principles of value-added taxation affect the stability of collusive agreements when producers in an international duopoly agree not to export into each other's home market. If costs of production are zero, international tax differentials reduce support for collusive agreements under the destination, but not under the origin principle. When positive costs of production are introduced, however, the ranking of the two tax principles becomes ambiguous. We also show that tax harmonization - taken to imply an increase in the VAT rate of the low-tax country - increases the likelihood of tacit collusion under both the destination principle and the origin principle.