Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary structure polymorphism at amino acid residue 72 of human p53

We analyzed p53 cDNA and genomic clones from a variety of normal and transformed cells. Sequence analysis of these clones revealed that amino acid residue 72 can be an arginine, proline, or cysteine. This single codon difference results in electrophoretically distinct forms of human p53 seen in normal and transformed cells.
Removal of cholesterol from extrahepatic sources by oxidative mechanisms.

Sterol 27-hydroxylase is an evolutionarily old cytochrome P450 species that is critical for oxidation of the side chain of cholesterol in connection with bile acid biosynthesis in the liver. The wide tissue and organ distribution of the enzyme suggests that it may also have other functions. It was recently shown that some cells (e.g. macrophages) have a high capacity to convert cholesterol into both 27-hydroxycholesterol and cholestenoic acid and that there is a significant flux of these steroids from extrahepatic sources to the liver where they are further oxidized into bile acids. The magnitude of this flux is such that it may be of importance for overall homeostasis of cholesterol. Very recently it was shown that the brain utilizes a similar mechanism for removal of cholesterol. A unique brain-specific 24S-hydroxylase converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol that is transported over the blood-brain barrier much more rapidly than unmetabolized cholestero. When 24S-hydroxycholesterol has reached the circulation it is taken up by the liver and further metabolized, most probably into bile acids. This flux is likely to be of importance for cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding oxidative mechanisms for removal of extrahepatic cholesterol. It is evident that some cells utilize these mechanisms as alternatives or complements to the classical HDL-dependent reverse cholesterol transport.
Cdc42 regulates anchorage-independent growth and is necessary for Ras transformation

The Rho family members Cdc42, Rac, and Rho play a central role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate transcription. Whereas Rac and Rho have been implicated in transformation by oncogenic Ras, the role of Cdc42 in this process remains unknown. In this study, we found that Rat1 fibroblasts expressing constitutively active V12-Cdc42 were anchorage independent and proliferated in nude mice but failed to show enhanced growth in low serum. Similar to V12-Rac1-expressing Rat1 fibroblasts, V12-Cdc42 lines displayed a high frequency of multinucleated cells. Interestingly, coexpression of dominant negative N17-Rac1 blocked the V12-Cdc42-induced multinucleated phenotype but not growth in soft agar, indicating that Cdc42 controls anchorage independence in a Rac-independent fashion. We also showed that dominant negative N17-Cdc42 inhibited Ras focus formation and anchorage-independent growth and caused reversion of the transformed morphology, indicating that Cdc42 is necessary for Ras transformation. N17-Cdc42 caused only partial inhibition of Ras-induced low-serum growth, however. In contrast, whereas N17-Rac1 also effectively inhibited Ras-induced anchorage independence, it did not revert the morphology of Ras-transformed cells. N17-Rac1 strongly inhibited low-serum growth of Ras-transformed cells, however. Together, these data provide a novel function for Cdc42 in cell proliferation and indicate that Cdc42 and Rac play distinct roles in growth control and Ras transformation.
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN IN NORTHERN STATES, NIGERIA

The study assessed the environmental determinants of nutritional status of children under-five in Northern States, Nigeria. The study had one objective, one research question and one hypothesis. Ex post facto design method was used for the study. The researcher targeted 400 mother-child-pairs used as the subjects of the study. Data regarding Environmental Quality Indicators (EQI): (household type, structure, toilet and source of drinking water) was collected by using a questionnaire. Personal contact was used for data collection. Weighing scale and infantometer/heightometer were used to measure weight and length/height of children. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used for data analysis. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used for analysis and was considered significant at 0.05 alpha levels. The result showed that, 194 (49%) children had normal growth rate, 97 (25%) were stunted, 59 (15%) were underweight while 45 (11%) were wasting. The result further revealed that, significant influence existed between EQI and underweight (r=.711; P=<.027), stunting (r=.506; p=<.043) and wasting (r=.611; p=<.0081). The study concluded that, the nutritional status of children in Northern states, Nigeria was poor, and that environmental indicators of source of drinking water and household type significantly influenced the nutritional status of children under-five in Northern States, Nigeria. It was recommended that, government intervention should aim at provision of adequate water supply and promote traditional buildings combined with modern technology to ensure optimal child development in Northern States, Nigeria.
The Economic Consequences of Tightening Insider Trading Regulation: Evidence from Hong Kong

Using a lobbying event that led to the unexpected reversal of a tougher insider trading blackout regulation in Hong Kong, we examine whether tightening insider trading regulation increases shareholder value. We find that repealing the regulation increases shareholder value for the entire Hong Kong stock market. The increase is greater for the lobbying firms, which are more affected by the regulation. We find no evidence to support the allegations made by the proponents of the regulation that insiders of lobbying firms trade more aggressively on future earnings news in the proposed new blackout period or delay earnings announcements. Supporting the argument made by the critics of the regulation, we find that lobbying firms’ insiders trade more aggressively in the proposed new blackout period to stabilize their firms’ stock prices in times of stock price turmoil. Our results suggest caution in imposing tougher insider trading regulation.
Una aproximación al ciclo de vida del producto bajo los presupuestos de la teoría del caos

RESUMEN. —E1 deseo de plasmar las concomitancias existentes entre algunos de los presupuestos de la teoria del caos y el ciclo de vida del producto (CVP), entendido este mas alla de su acepcion clasica a partir de los modelos propuestos por la teoria de la difusion de innovaciones y el ciclo evolutivo del producto (CEP), nos impulso a la realizacion de este trabajo. De tal aproximacion teorica se derivaran las siguientes implicaciones para la gestion dinamica de productos: 1) la inutilidad de los pronosticos a largo plazo utilizando el CVP dada la extrema sensibilidad de la curva de ventas a las condiciones iniciales, 2) la importancia de la creatividad de la direccion para la construccion de nuevos ordenes empresariales (nuevos ciclos favorables), 3) la necesidad de que la direccion se convierta en germen del cambio dada la tendencia a la ruptura del equilibrio y, 4) con todo, y a pesar de la imposibilidad de fijar una ŭnica curva de vida, circunstancia favorable para la empresa por el fatalismo que esto supondria, la existencia de regularidades en la vida de los productos.
Sorafenib induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human chondrosarcoma cells by blocking the RAF/ERK/MEK pathway

Chondrosarcoma represents the second most common primary malignant bone tumor causing significant morbidity due to local recurrence and limited treatment options. Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy has been proven to be largely ineffective to this sarcoma. Here we report that sorafenib is effective in growth inhibition of chondrosarcoma cell lines in vitro.
An Empirical Investigation of Islamic Banking Adoption in Brunei

The main objective of this study is to explore the understanding level of various Islamic banking concepts and determine the factors that impact the adoption of Islamic banking services in Brunei. The impact of the level of understanding, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, uncertainty, and service quality was examined through Rogers (2003) Diffusion of Innovation. The study adopted quantitative approach; data were collected through a self-administrated questionnaire from 245 bank customers located in Brunei‟s Muara district. The findings predicted that understanding level of various Islamic banking concepts was below average among Islamic bank customers. The multiple regression analysis predicted that understanding, relative advantage; compatibility, complexity, observability, uncertainty and service quality has a positive impact on the adoption of Islamic banking services.
The Effect of Export Duty Reduction on Malaysian Palm Oil

This paper examines the effects of export duty reductiqn on the Malaysian palm oil production, demand and prices. The study utilises an econometric model for palm oil market. The model is simulated by decreasing the export duty by 30, 50, 70 and 100 percent. The 也n血tion results suggest that the reduction of export duty would increase both estate and smallholder productions , domestic price , exports , but would reduce domestic demand and Malaysian paln oil price in the world market. 本 The author is Faculty in the Department of Agricultural Economics Universiti Pertanian Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor D.E.
Adopting a Label: Heterogeneity in the Economic Consequences Around IAS/IFRS Adoptions

This study examines liquidity and cost of capital effects around voluntary and mandatory IAS/IFRS adoptions. In contrast to prior work, we focus on the firm-level heterogeneity in the economic consequences, recognizing that firms have considerable discretion in how they implement the new standards. Some firms may make very few changes and adopt IAS/IFRS more in name, while for others the change in standards could be part of a strategy to increase their commitment to transparency. To test these predictions, we classify firms into ‘label’ and ‘serious’ adopters using firm-level changes in reporting incentives, actual reporting behavior, and the external reporting environment around the switch to IAS/IFRS. We analyze whether capital-market effects are different across ‘serious’ and ‘label’ firms. While on average liquidity and costs of capital often do not change around voluntary IAS/IFRS adoptions, we find considerable heterogeneity: ‘Serious’ adoptions are associated with an increase in liquidity and a decline in cost of capital, whereas ‘label’ adoptions are not. We obtain similar results when classifying firms around mandatory IFRS adoption. Our findings imply that we have to exercise caution when interpreting capital-market effects around IAS/IFRS adoption as they also reflect changes in reporting incentives or broader changes in firms’ reporting strategies, and not just the standards.
Long-term survival in Hodgkin's disease relative impact of mortality, second tumors, infection, and cardiovascular disease.

PURPOSE Despite dramatic improvements in the survival of patients with Hodgkin's disease attributable to advances in treatment over the past 30 years, concern for the risk of treatment-related deaths has led to a number of trials to evaluate reduction of therapy. The consequences of these trials on recurrence, development of long-term complications, and survival remain unknown. We determined the causes of death in a group of patients with pathologically staged and intensively treated Hodgkin's disease who were followed for long intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between April 1969 and December 1988, 794 patients with laparotomy-staged IA to IIIB Hodgkin's disease were treated with radiation therapy alone or combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy. There were 8700 person-years of follow-up (average, 10.95 person-years/ patient). Causes of mortality were grouped into the categories Hodgkin's disease, second malignant tumors, cardiovascular, infection, and miscellaneous. Age- and gender-specific incidence rates were multiplied by corresponding person-years of observation to obtain expected numbers of events. Observed-to-expected results were calculated by type of treatment, age at treatment, sex, and time after Hodgkin's disease. Absolute (excess) risk was expressed as number of excess cases per 10,000 person-years. RESULTS Of 124 patients who died, 56 died of Hodgkin's disease, 36 of second malignant neoplasms, 15 of cardiac causes, 9 of infection, and 8 of miscellaneous causes. The 20-year actuarial survival rate for all patients in this study is 73%. Age 40 years or older, mixed cellularity/lymphocyte-depleted histologic type, and stage-III disease were adverse independent predictors of survival. The largest differences were seen by age. The 20-year actuarial rates of survival were 78%, 78%, and 46%, respectively, for patients aged 16 or less, 17 to 39, and 40 years or older at diagnosis. Hodgkin's disease diagnosed at age 40 or older was a significant risk factor for all causes of death. The use of combined chemotherapy/ radiotherapy was a significant risk factor for second tumor and infection-related mortality. The excess risk of death from all causes, including Hodgkin's disease, remained constant with time from treatment and was approximately 1.2% per year over the first 20 years. Deaths from Hodgkin's disease decreased with time from treatment, with no patients dying after 15 years. This decrease, combined with an increased excess mortality risk with time from other causes, especially second tumors, accounted for the constant excess mortality with time after Hodgkin's disease. CONCLUSIONS Hodgkin's disease followed by second tumors, cardiac events, and infections remain the major causes of death after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Our findings suggest the importance of both maintaining a high disease-free survival and reducing long-term complications in designing treatments of Hodgkin's disease.
Comparative double‐blind study of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the treatment of patients relapsing in a schizophrenic symptomatology

ABSTRACT– Thirty‐two chronic schizophrenics who had relapsed entered a double‐blind randomised study and were followed‐up for 2 years with the intention of measuring any difference in therapeutic effect and side effects between flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate. No differences could be seen as regards the global effect or the effect on the schizophrenic symptomatology during the first 6 months. After 1 year of treatment flupenthixol decanoate showed a trend towards a better effect on schizophrenic symptomatology. A corresponding result was seen for the depressive symptoms. There There were no differences in the appearance of side effects. The need for additional neuroleptics in the initial phase seemed to be identical for both drugs. A possible slow antipsychotic effect with flupenthixol decanoate is probably due to the administered dose being somewhat low (in the present study approximately 31 mg flupenthixol corresponding to 27 mg fluphenazine). This suggests that flupenthixol should have been given in a somewhat higher dose (25 mg fluphenazine decanoate corresponding to 40 mg flupenthixol decanoate).
Flt‐3 ligand (FL) drives differentiation of rat bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells expressing OX62 and/or CD161 (NKR‐P1)

Bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (DC) of the rat have not been as well characterized as those from the mouse. Here, large quantities of bone marrow‐derived rat DC were generated when Flt‐3 ligand (FL) was used as an adjunct to granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4). These cells displayed a typical DC phenotype, expressing MHC class II, CD54, CD80, CD86, and CD11b/c. These DC also uniformly expressed low levels of CD161 and expressed OX62 in a bimodal distribution. Few cells were recovered from cultures grown without FL, and they failed to express OX62 or CD161. The DC generated with FL were more potent antigen‐presenting cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures than cells grown without FL, and among FL‐derived cells, the OX62+ cells were slightly more stimulatory than OX62− cells. Thus, FL is a useful cytokine for obtaining large quantities of functional rat DC subsets in vitro.
Do Foreign Ownership, Financial Leverage, Inflation and Firm Size Influence to Firm Value ? Evidence in Indonesia Stock Exchange

The aim of this study is to get empirical proof the influence of foreign ownership, financial leverage, Inflation, firm size and firm value of firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study provides results on consumer, trade, service and investment, and miscellaous industry in IDX. This study uses fixed effect methode.This study uses E-Views to analysis the data. F test shows that high financial leverage, foreign ownership, inflation, firm size and sales growth is positively related to firm value. T test shows that high financial leverage is positively related to firm value. Moreover, High Foreign ownership is positively related to firm value. High inflation is positively related to firm value. High firm size is positively related to firm value. This study uses sales growth as control variable. The result shows that high sales growth is negatively related to firm value. This study expected that it can deliver information as references for stockholder, firm management, and goverment in making decision in foreign investment, Inflation and financial leverage. Keywords : Financial Leverage, Foreign Ownership, Inflation, Firm Value
Bipolar disorder: Etiology, diagnosis, and management

Purpose: To review the epidemiology and disease characteristics of the bipolar disorder (BD) spectrum, render an accurate and timely diagnosis, and review treatment options through provider and patient collaboration. Data sources: Comprehensive review of current scientific literature derived from electronic databases and professional medical references. Conclusions: BD is a multifactorial disease that can interfere with cognition and behavior, causing a severe impact on patients and families. The variable course and often delayed diagnosis of this disorder can cause frustration for the patient and the healthcare provider. Because most undiagnosed patients with BD seek treatment within the primary care setting, it is imperative that clinicians become expert in the recognition of and intervention for this condition. Implications for practice: The primary care provider is in a key position to render early diagnosis and treatment of BD. This disease should always be considered as part of the differential diagnosis for depression or anxiety. Nurse practitioners can be effective providers by using good nursing practices of communication, education, and advocacy for the patient and family. Knowledge of current diagnostic criteria and management is imperative for successful treatment of patients with BD.
The genetic basis of atopic asthma

Asthma is a respiratory disease characterized by recurrent respiratory symptoms, reversible variable airway obstruction, airway inflammation and increased airway responsiveness [1]. Atopy is a disorder involving immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody responses to ubiquitous allergens, and is commonly associated with asthma. Because of its complex clinical phenotype, the genetic basis of asthma can be studied using intermediate or surrogate phenotypes that can be measured objectively, such as the presence of atopy or bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), although these are not specific to asthma. Furthermore, despite the close relationship between atopy, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma [2–4], they are not interchangeable: most asthmatics are atopic, but atopic subjects may not have bronchial hyperresponsiveness or asthma symptoms and subjects with bronchial hyperresponsiveness may not be atopic or asthmatic (see Fig. 1). The phenotype can be defined in several ways ranging from subjective measures (e.g. symptoms), objective measures (e.g. BHR or serum IgE level) or both. It is this lack of a clear definition of asthmatic phenotypes that presents the biggest problem when reviewing studies of the genetic basis of asthma and atopy, with multiple definitions of the same intermediate phenotype being used in different studies.
Approximate model for merging Markovian arrival processes

Traffic-based decomposition models encompass procedures required for modelling of the basic network operations of superposition, departure and splitting, arising due to the common sharing of the resources and routing decisions taking place in packetswitched networks. It is desirable to study such models for Markovian Arrival Processes (MAPs), as these processes are able to match correlations and burstiness, characteristics that are inherent to IP traffic. Using the method of exact superposing of MAPs has limitations, as the computational complexity dramatically increases in practical cases. In order to keep the computational efforts required to a minimum, in analyzing queueing networks using the method of decomposition, one has to use a MAP of small order (e.g., MAP-2) to represent the intermediate node, as well as, the offered traffic inputs in the network. In this paper, we propose an approximate model for evaluation of the exact superposed process of a number of independent MAP processes as a MAP of order two, which provides good accuracy across wide range of burstiness parameters for the individual traffic processes and across various traffic load scenarios. Keywords— Traffic Modelling, Markovian Arrival Process.
CD40‐CD40 ligand

CD40 is a cell surface receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor‐R (TNF‐R) family, and that was first identified and functionally characterized on B lymphocytes. Its critical role in T cell‐dependent humoral immune responses was demonstrated by patients with the hyper‐IgM syndrome, as well as by gene targeting in mice. However, in recent years it has become clear that CD40 is expressed much more broadly, including expression on monocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. In addition, the CD40‐ligand (CD40‐L/CD154), a member of the TNF family, is also expressed more widely than activated CD4+ T cells only. Therefore it is now thought that CD40‐CD40‐L interactions play a more general role in immune regulation. Collectively these studies have culminated in pre‐clinical and clinical studies that are in progress. This article reviews recent developments in this field of research, with main emphasis on (1) structure and expression of CD40 and its ligand; (2) CD40 signal transduction; (3) in vitro function of CD40 on different cell types; and (4) in vivo functions of CD40/CD40‐L interactions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 2–17; 2000.