Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lattice QCD exploration of parton pseudo-distribution functions

We demonstrate a new method of extracting parton distributions from lattice calculations. The starting idea is to treat the generic equal-time matrix element ${\cal M} (Pz_3, z_3^2)$ as a function of the Ioffe time $\nu = Pz_3$ and the distance $z_3$. The next step is to divide ${\cal M} (Pz_3, z_3^2)$ by the rest-frame density ${\cal M} (0, z_3^2)$. Our lattice calculation shows a linear exponential $z_3$-dependence in the rest-frame function, expected from the $Z(z_3^2)$ factor generated by the gauge link. Still, we observe that the ratio ${\cal M} (Pz_3 , z_3^2)/{\cal M} (0, z_3^2)$ has a Gaussian-type behavior with respect to $z_3$ for 6 values of $P$ used in the calculation. This means that $Z(z_3^2)$ factor was canceled in the ratio. When plotted as a function of $\nu$ and $z_3$, the data are very close to $z_3$-independent functions. This phenomenon corresponds to factorization of the $x$- and $k_\perp$-dependence for the TMD ${\cal F} (x, k_\perp^2)$. For small $z_3 \leq 4a$, the residual $z_3$-dependence is explained by perturbative evolution, with $\alpha_s/\pi =0.1$.
R&D Intensity, Technology Transfer and Absorptive Capacity

In the line of Schumpeterian fully endogenous growth theory, this study attempts to investigate whether differences in research intensity as well as absorptive capacity help to explain cross-country differences in productivity growth in a panel of 55 sample countries including 23 OECD and 32 developing economies over the period 1970 to 2004. Using several indicators of innovative activity and product variety empirical results from system GMM estimator confirm that research intensity has significant positive effect on productivity growth in both the OECD and developing countries. TFP growth is also found to be enhanced by the distance to technology frontier in both the group of countries. R&D based absorptive capacity seems to have significant positive impact on productivity growth in both the groups though strong in OECD countries. Human capital based technology transfer is found significant and robust in both the OECD and developing countries. Absorptive capacity appears to be sensitive to the model specification and measurement of innovative activity as well as product variety.
Dispersal limitation of unionid mussels and implications for their conservation

Summary 1. Freshwater unionid mussels are a highly imperilled group. Their dispersal abilities depend on the availability and the movement of host fish on which their parasitic mussel larvae develop. 2. We examined the relationship between the dispersal abilities of unionid mussels and their conservation status on a regional (SW Ontario) scale and their distribution and abundance on a catchment scale (Sydenham River, SW Ontario) by determining host specificity and estimating the dispersal abilities of mussels on fish from a review of the literature. 3. On the regional scale, we found that mussels with the most precarious conservation status relied on host fish with short movement distances, whereas vulnerable and more secure mussel species had host fish with 2–3 orders of magnitude larger movement distances. We were not able to detect a clear pattern on the catchment scale. 4. Our results suggest that limited dispersal by host fish affects the abundance and distribution of unionid mussels and ultimately their conservation status on a regional scale. Information on dispersal limitations because of differences in host fish communities should be included in conservation and management decisions to ensure connectivity and maintain functioning mussel metacommunities.
Job advertisements and personal networks: two specific channels in the Spanish labour market

Drawing on an employee labour survey, this article explores job-finding channels in the Spanish labour market and points out that social networks are the most important way of finding a job. It focuses on a comparison between an informal channel (relatives and close personal relationships) and a formal one (job advertisements), and demonstrates that these channels serve two specific segments in the labour market. The most important results concern workers' profiles: advertisements are highly selective because they tend to focus on tangible reference points (education level, prior work experience, age, sex), while social networks exclude people with poor connections in the labour market but might favour applicants without qualifications or experience. Partant des résultats d'une enquête sur les travailleurs, cet article inventorise les canaux de recherche d'emploi sur le marché espagnol et souligne que les réseaux sociaux constituent la voie royale pour trouver un emploi. Il se concentre sur une comparaison entre un canal informel (relations familiales et personnelles) et formel (petites annonces) et montre que ces canaux desservent deux segments bien spécifiques du marché de l'emploi. Les résultats les plus importants concernent les profils des travailleurs: les annonces sont très sélectives parce qu'elles ont tendance à se focaliser sur des points de référence concrets (niveau d'éducation, expérience professionnelle, âge, sexe), alors que les réseaux sociaux excluent les gens qui ont peu de relations sur le marché du travail mais pourraient favoriser les demandeurs d'emploi sans qualifications ou expérience. Ausgehend von einer Arbeitskräftebefragung untersucht dieser Beitrag Rekrutierungskanäle auf dem spanischen Arbeitsmarkt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Befragung zeigen, dass die meisten Arbeitnehmer durch soziale Netzwerke eine Stelle finden. Der Vergleich zwischen informellem Weg (verwandtschaftliche und enge persönliche Beziehungen) und formaler Arbeitssuche (Stellenanzeigen) ergibt, dass diese beiden Rekrutierungswege zwei spezifischen Segmenten des Arbeitsmarktes dienen. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse beziehen sich auf die Profile der Arbeitnehmer: Stellenanzeigen sind höchst selektiv, da sie sich meist auf konkrete Bezugspunkte konzentrieren (Bildungsniveau, Berufserfahrung, Alter, Geschlecht usw.). Soziale Netzwerke andererseits schließen diejenigen aus, die nur wenige Beziehungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt haben, aber können Arbeitssuchende begünstigen, die keine berufliche Qualifikation oder Erfahrung haben.
The composition and flux of particulate and dissolved carbohydrates from the Rhone River into the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract. Carbohydrates are important components of the carbon cycle and may be used as indicators of the origin and the diagenetic status of marine and terrestrial organic matter. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies of both particulate (PCHO) and dissolved (DCHO) carbohydrates in rivers are scarce, and the seasonal and interannual variability of these compounds in relationship to the bulk particulate (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) is largely unknown. For the period 2007–2009, we sampled once per month POM and DOM and measured the total suspended matter (TSM), POM, DOM, PCHO, and DCHO for the Rhone River, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Using these measurements, we estimated for the above parameters annual fluxes for the period 2007–2009. The estimated carbohydrate fluxes averaged 0.064 ± 0.026 × 1010 moles C yr−1 for PCHO and 0.042 ± 0.008 × 1010 moles C yr−1 DCHO, representing 6 % and 7 % of the annual flux of POC and DOC, respectively. During flood and low-water periods, POM variations were reflected into the PCHO pool, whereas this was not observed for DOC and DCHO, indicating a decoupling between particulate and dissolved organic matter. Our results also showed that flood and low-water periods may be differentiated using the ratios PCHO/DCHO and POC/DOC, which had a significant relationship. Based on the carbohydrate abundances in both the PCHO and DCHO pools, we conclude that this material mainly derives from allochthonous sources (vascular plants, bacteria and soils). Moreover, during flood events, an enrichment in mannose in POM was observed, probably reflecting an angiosperm source (leaves or grasses). By expanding our results to the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lions), we found that the total organic carbon (TOC) fluxes of the Rhone River accounted for ~1 % of the standing stock of seawater TOC. Considering that glucose is the most abundant carbohydrate in both particulate and dissolved organic matter pools (~33 %), its annual flux in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea was estimated to 3.8 × 108 moles glucose.
Eigenmode analysisof fishnet metamaterials

Eigenmodes in a typical fishnet metamaterial have been clarified based on precise numerical analysis. The lowest mode in energy splits into two branches at in-plane wave vector of k 6= 0. The lower branch is found to be the mode of in-plane negative group velocity, responsible for negative refraction in fishnet metamaterials.
Chapter 3 Herpesviruses in Periapical Pathoses : An Updated Systematic Review

Apical periodontitis represents a chronic inflammation and destruction of periradicu‐ lar tissue caused by polymicrobial infection of endodontic origin. The aim of this systematic review was to make an update on findings related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) presence in periapical pathoses and to correlate these findings with clinical, histopathological and radiographic features of periapical lesions. Methods were based on the preferred reporting items for systemat‐ ic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. A search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. Search key words included the following medical subjects heading terms: (periapical disease OR apical periodontitis OR periapical lesions OR periapical abscess) AND (viruses OR herpesvir*). A manual search involved references from articles retrieved for possible inclusion. The search, evalua‐ tion, and critical appraisal of articles were performed by two independent judges. Collected data were analyzed using the measures of descriptive statistics. The final review has included twenty nine articles related to herpesviral presence periapical pathoses. Qualitative analysis indicated that EBV HCMV, and HHV-8 were the most prevalent species in periapical pathoses. Our findings suggest that there is wide variety of herpesviruses detection rates in periapical pathoses in relation to their clinical, histopathological and radiographic features.
Efficiency of inclusive physical education lessons for schoolchildren with minor deviations in health

Introduction: Some contradictory data regarding the effects of inclusive physical education were revealed. The purpose of the research is to determine the efficiency of inclusive physical education for schoolchildren of I-III health groups of middle school age on the base of indices of complaints connected with health conditions, mental development, and physical activity. Material and methods: theoretical knowledge, sociological, educational, psycho diagnostics (degree of anxiety by Spielberger – Hanin, HAM: health, activity, mood) auto timing of motor activity (the Framingham method). The experimental group consisted of schoolchildren who were studying at secondary schools in inclusive terms – in these schools physical culture lessons for schoolchildren of I-III health groups were held both for practically healthy children and children with minor deviations in health status (with differentiation of tasks depending on the needs and capabilities of each child). The control group consisted of schoolchildren from the schools where the physical education lessons were conducted separately (segregatively) for schoolchildren of base, preparatory, and special medical groups. The study involved 1414 pupils of secondary school age (5-9 grades). The experimental group consisted of 694 individuals (320 girls and 374 boys) – the control one – 720 individuals (332 girls and 388 boys). Results: The trend toward the decreasing of the number of schoolchildren complaining of health condition with years of training in the experimental group confirmed the higher efficiency of inclusive physical education. Inclusive physical training lessons are less psychologically traumatic than segregative ones because schoolchildren from different medical groups in such terms suffer from the high level of anxiety less; low, often subjective, self-estimation, well-being, activity and mood are significantly higher. Positive changes in mental health are observed in the most tangible inclusive environment among schoolchildren with health deviations. Intensive everyday household physical activity and sports confirm the benefits of inclusive physical education. Conclusions: A high efficiency inclusive physical education student of I-III health groups was proved.
Uncertainty in ensemble forecasting of species distribution

Species distribution modelling has been widely applied in order to assess the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Many methodological decisions, taken during the modelling process and forecasts, may, however, lead to a large variability in the assessment of future impacts. Using measures of species range change and turnover, the potential impacts of climate change on French stream fish species and assemblages were evaluated. Our main focus was to quantify the uncertainty in the projections of these impacts arising from four sources of uncertainty: initial datasets (Data), statistical methods [species distribution models (SDM)], general circulation models (GCM), and gas emission scenarios (GES). Several modalities of the aforementioned uncertainty sources were combined in an ensemble forecasting framework resulting in 8400 different projections. The variance explained by each source was then extracted from this whole ensemble of projections. Overall, SDM contributed to the largest variation in projections, followed by GCM, whose contribution increased over time equalling almost the proportion of variance explained by SDM in 2080. Data and GES had little influence on the variability in projections. Future projections of range change were more consistent for species with a large geographical extent (i.e., distribution along latitudinal or stream gradients) or with restricted environmental requirements (i.e., small thermal or elevation ranges). Variability in projections of turnover was spatially structured at the scale of France, indicating that certain particular geographical areas should be considered with care when projecting the potential impacts of climate change. The results of this study, therefore, emphasized that particular attention should be paid to the use of predictions ensembles resulting from the application of several statistical methods and climate models. Moreover, forecasted impacts of climate change should always be provided with an assessment of their uncertainty, so that management and conservation decisions can be taken in the full knowledge of their reliability.
Microstructures and high-temperature phase transitions in kalsilite

A diversity of twinning and exsolution textures has been observed by transmission electron microscopy in natural kalsilite from volcanic and metamorphic rocks (Mount Nyiragongo, Z,aire; Alban Hills, Italy; Kerala, southern India). The phase transitions responsible for these microstructures were examined by high-temperature powder and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. Pure kalsilite has P6rmc symmetry at high temptiratures but transforms to its P63 state through a two-phase field, between -870 and -920"C.In this two-phase field, the low form coexists with a structure that has a sixfold repeat of its a unit-cell dimension. For -Ksrr, the high-temperature state is high tetrakalsilite with possible space group P6rmc; a two-phase field between -890 and -930 'C involves the coexistence of this phase with P6, kalsilite. High tetrakalsilite with composition -Ks,o reverts to low tetrakalsilite on quenching to room temperature from 950 'C. Latticeparameter variations, and estimates of the Al-O-Si angles that can be derived from them, imply that the stability limit for the high structural states occurs when the angles for apical and basal O atoms converge. At lower temperatures, pure P6, kalsilite appears to have transformed during a metamorphic evolution in nature to an intergrowth of the P6, structure and a structure for which P3 lc symmetry is proposed. The latter can be thought of as a polytype ofkalsilite, with (001) layers stacked in an eclipsed array rather than in the staggered array of normal low kalsilite. In this regard, KAlSiOo seems to be remarkably similar to KLiSOo. lf -3-12 molo/o NaAlSiO. is present in solid solution, a P6, structure with an a parametet /3 greater than normal low kalsilite develops. An anomaly in the lattice parameters of Kss8 suggests that the transition temperature below which this superstructure develops may be 500 "C. Natural nepheline exsolved from kalsilite displays merohedral twinning, which can be accounted for by a P6rmc P6t transition during cooling. Transformation behavior in the Ne-Ks system may be explained, at least qualitatively, in terms of Na-K ordering between cavity sites, ordering of basal O atoms between two sites on either side of the mirror plane parallel to the c axis of P6.mc structures, ordering of apical O atoms between three sites, and coupling between all these processes.
New tests of the correspondence between unitary eigenvalues and the zeros of Riemann's zeta function

This paper presents some new statistical tests and new conjectures regarding the correspondence between the eigenvalues of random unitary matrices and the zeros of Riemann's zeta function. Global features such as the trace and number of eigenvalues in intervals are compared. Our results show satisfying match-ups between the two domains. They give examples of large natural datasets that follow classical distributions to high accuracy.
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND HIGH PERFORMANCE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN PAKISTANI SMES

This study is concerned with the relationship between Strategic Planning and High Performance Human Resource Management Practices (HPHRMP). The study was conducted in the context of Small & Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs) in the service and manufacturing sector in Pakistani. The primary data was collected through a survey of HPHRMP and as such the study is quantitative in nature. The target population of the study consisted of SMEs operating in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. Stratified random sampling method was applied to collect data from 357 SMEs. An independent-sample t-test test was employed to see whether group means of Strategic Planning are significantly different in relation to prevalence of HPHRMP. The overall results were mixed and partially supportive of a positive relationship between Strategic Planning and the adoption of HPHRMP.
The Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL) in Petzenkirchen: a hypothesis-driven observatory

Abstract. Hydrological observatories bear a lot of resemblance to the more traditional research catchment concept, but tend to differ in providing more long-term facilities that transcend the lifetime of individual projects, are more strongly geared towards performing interdisciplinary research, and are often designed as networks to assist in performing collaborative science. This paper illustrates how the experimental and monitoring set-up of an observatory, the 66 ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL) in Petzenkirchen, Lower Austria, has been established in a way that allows meaningful hypothesis testing. The overarching science questions guided site selection, identification of dissertation topics and the base monitoring. The specific hypotheses guided the dedicated monitoring and sampling, individual experiments, and repeated experiments with controlled boundary conditions. The purpose of the HOAL is to advance the understanding of water-related flow and transport processes involving sediments, nutrients and microbes in small catchments. The HOAL catchment is ideally suited for this purpose, because it features a range of different runoff generation processes (surface runoff, springs, tile drains, wetlands), the nutrient inputs are known, and it is convenient from a logistic point of view as all instruments can be connected to the power grid and a high-speed glassfibre local area network (LAN). The multitude of runoff generation mechanisms in the catchment provides a genuine laboratory where hypotheses of flow and transport can be tested, either by controlled experiments or by contrasting sub-regions of different characteristics. This diversity also ensures that the HOAL is representative of a range of catchments around the world, and the specific process findings from the HOAL are applicable to a variety of agricultural catchment settings. The HOAL is operated jointly by the Vienna University of Technology and the Federal Agency for Water Management and takes advantage of the Vienna Doctoral Programme on Water Resource Systems funded by the Austrian Science Funds. The paper presents the science strategy of the set-up of the observatory, discusses the implementation of the HOAL, gives examples of the hypothesis testing and summarises the lessons learned. The paper concludes with an outlook on future developments.
The Representation of Male and Female Social Actors in the ILI English Series

Textbooks are important parts of all educational systems nowadays, which can make people ready for globalization and new concepts emerging through it. These individuals need to be given the chance of feeling as successful and important, in a world which is neither blue nor pink. Equality can pave the way to a better world, and the study of the representation of male and female social actors in textbooks can lead to elimination of inequality from textbooks and societies. This study is an attempt to analyze the representation of males and females at the ILI English Series. The dialogues examined critically through Van Leeuwen’s framework (1996, 2008), and they proved to be gender-biased. These series depict a men-without-women world in which females are waiting for a chance to ‘be’, ‘be seen’ and ‘be heard’. (140)
Applications of Distress Prediction Models: What Have We Learned After 50 Years from the Z-Score Models?

Fifty years ago, I published the initial, classic version of the Z-score bankruptcy prediction models. This multivariate statistical model has remained perhaps the most well-known, and more importantly, most used technique for providing an early warning signal of firm financial distress by academics and practitioners on a global basis. It also has been used by scholars as a benchmark of credit risk measurement in countless empirical studies. Practical applications of the Altman Z-score model have also been numerous and can be divided into two main categories: (1) from an external analytical standpoint, and (2) from an internal to the distressed firm viewpoint. This paper discusses a number of applications from the former’s standpoint and in doing so, we hope, also provides a roadmap for extensions beyond those already identified.