Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement: a health economic analysis

There has been a significant increase in use of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement over the last 10 years. However, some care providers in the United Kingdom are not commissioning such an intervention due to cost constraints and lack of published cost effectiveness studies. A cost analysis for a prospective cohort of 58 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement was performed. The short form 12 six dimension health utility score (SF12-6D) was used. This was recorded preoperatively and one year after surgery. Three time points (one, two, and 10 years) from operation were used to calculate the quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs) gained. Predicted need for conversion to total hip replacement and diminishing gain with time (5% per year) was incorporated into the two- and 10-year models. The Scottish Tariff was used to assign the cost of surgery. The number of QALYs gained one year after surgery was 0.159, which equated to a cost per QALY of £19,335. This cost decreased to £10,118 per QALY gained at two years, and further still to £2,677 per QALY gained at 10 years. Multivariable regression analysis found that a worse preoperative SF12-6D was an independent predictor of greater QALYs gained one year after surgery (R2 = 0.51, p<0.001). At no point in time, from one year onwards, does hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement cost more than £20,000 per QALY, making it a cost-effective intervention according to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.
Morphogenic Regulators Baby boom and Wuschel Improve Monocot Transformation[OPEN]

Using the maize Bbm and Wus2 genes enhances transformation efficiency in maize and other monocots, broadens the genotype range, and permits transformation of mature seed-derived embryos and leaf segments. While transformation of the major monocot crops is currently possible, the process typically remains confined to one or two genotypes per species, often with poor agronomics, and efficiencies that place these methods beyond the reach of most academic laboratories. Here, we report a transformation approach involving overexpression of the maize (Zea mays) Baby boom (Bbm) and maize Wuschel2 (Wus2) genes, which produced high transformation frequencies in numerous previously nontransformable maize inbred lines. For example, the Pioneer inbred PHH5G is recalcitrant to biolistic and Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. However, when Bbm and Wus2 were expressed, transgenic calli were recovered from over 40% of the starting explants, with most producing healthy, fertile plants. Another limitation for many monocots is the intensive labor and greenhouse space required to supply immature embryos for transformation. This problem could be alleviated using alternative target tissues that could be supplied consistently with automated preparation. As a major step toward this objective, we transformed Bbm and Wus2 directly into either embryo slices from mature seed or leaf segments from seedlings in a variety of Pioneer inbred lines, routinely recovering healthy, fertile T0 plants. Finally, we demonstrated that the maize Bbm and Wus2 genes stimulate transformation in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) immature embryos, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) callus, and indica rice (Oryza sativa ssp indica) callus.
Small pet aquarium frogs as a source of Salmonella

Salmonellae were isolated from 21% of the samples of freshwater aquarium frogs tested and from 25% of the samples of aquarium water containing these frogs. The salmonellae were Salmonella arizonae, S. bovis-morbificans, S. hadar, S. saint-paul, S. typhimurium, and S. worthington. These isolations were made over a period of 9 months and from three different cities. This association of salmonellae with frogs may contribute to cases of human salmonellosis since other aquarium species have already been shown to contribute to such cases.
The effect of altitude pre-acclimatization on acute mountain sickness during reexposure.

BACKGROUND Acclimatization to high altitude appears to prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS), as evidenced by a decline in AMS symptoms as acclimatization progresses. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that partial retention of acclimatization would attenuate the incidence and/or severity of AMS upon reinduction to altitude. METHODS To test this hypothesis 6 male lowlanders returned to sea level after the acclimatizing of the 16 d at 4300 m (HA). After 8 d at sea level (PA), they were reexposed to 4300 m in a hypobaric chamber for 30 h (RA). AMS symptom severity was determined by the AMS-cerebral (AMS-C) scores calculated from the daily administration of the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire during HA and RA. RESULTS The mean AMS-C scores were reduced from 0.6 on HA day 1 (HA1) to 0.1 during RA (p < 0.05). Four subjects were "sick" (AMS-C > 0.7) during HA1, while only one was "sick" during RA. The % oxyhemoglobin, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were higher during RA compared to HA1. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the retention of acclimatization after 8 d at low altitude is sufficient to attenuate AMS upon reinduction to high altitude.
An Agrobacterium catalase is a virulence factor involved in tumorigenesis

Most plant pathogenic bacteria adopt the type III secretion systems to secrete virulence factors and/or avirulence gene products, which trigger the plant hypersensitive response (HR) and the oxidative burst with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the main component. However, the soil‐borne plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens uses the type IV secretion pathway to deliver its oncogenic T‐DNA that causes crown gall tumours on many plant species. A. tumefaciens does not elicit a typical HR on those plants. Here, we report that inactivation of one of A. tumefaciens catalases (which converts H2O2 to H2O and O2) by a transposon insertion highly attenuated the bacterial ability to cause tumours on plants and to tolerate H2O2 toxicity, but not the bacterial viability in the absence of exogenous H2O2. This provides the first genetic evidence that the Agrobacterium–plant interaction involves a plant defence response, such as H2O2 production, and that catalase is a virulence factor for a plant pathogen.
Hepatosplenic Tce l l Lymphoma : A Distinct Clinicopathologic Entity of Cytotoxic yS T-cel l Origin

We identified eight cases of T-cell lymphoma with evidence of a yS phenotype over a 13-year period. Seven of these cases conformed t o a distinct clinicopathologic entity of hep-atosplenic yS T-cell lymphoma. Nearly all of these patients were young adult males (five of seven), with a median age at presentation of 20 years. They presented with marked hepatosplenomegaly, without lymphadenopathy or significant peripheral blood lymphocytosis. Thrombocytopenia was seen in all patients, and five of seven were mildly anemic. The clinical course was aggressive, and despite multiagent chemotherapy, the median survival duration was less than 1 year. The morphologic findings were uniform; a monomorphic population of medium-sized lymphoid cells with moderately clumped chromatin and a rim of pale cyto-plasm infiltrated the sinusoids of the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The cells had a characteristic immunophenotype: URING THE DEVELOPMENT of T cells, genes reD sponsible for antigen recognition are assembled by the somatic recombination of variable (V), joining (J), diversity (D), and constant (C) regions, which ultimately results in the expression of an antigen receptor on the surface of the T cell. The rearrangement of these genes accounts for the clonal specificity of individual cells. The T-cell receptor (TCR) consists of either a yS or U P heterodimer expressed in association with the CD3 complex of proteins on the cell surface. The majority of mature T lymphocytes express the aP TCR; however, a small group of normal T cells express the y6 TCR. In humans, reported percentages of yS T cells vary from 1% to 10% of normal circulating peripheral blood T lymphocytes, 2% to 4% of T cells in normal and reactive lymph nodes, 3% to 5% of medullary thymocytes, 1% of cortical thymocytes, and 15% of splenic T lymphocyte^. '-^ Studies have shown that during thymic development, cells that bear the yS TCR appear earlier than those that bear the ap heterodimer, and have suggested that 6 gene rearrangement is a very early event, preceding the rearrangement of any other TCR gene. '. ' Human y6 T cells exhibit preferential homing to the sinu-soidal areas (red pulp) of the spleen and into the epithelial layer of the intestine, whereas a0 T cells migrate preferentially to the splenic periarteriolar sheaths and intestinal lam-ina propria. This specialized anatomical distribution pattern suggests the selective expression of a homing molecule and important physiologic function for the y6 T c e k 4 y6 cells have cytotoxic …
The Relationship Between Somatic Growth and In Vivo Esophageal Segmental and Sphincteric Growth in Human Neonates

Background: Measurement of aerodigestive tract length is an important determinant for accurate placement of esophageal probes and gavage tubes at the desired location. The relationship of esophageal body, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) lengths with somatic growth in neonates is not well understood. Objectives: Our objectives were to (1) evaluate a relationship between segmental esophageal lengths and somatic growth parameters and (2) ascertain the relationship between segmental esophageal lengths and gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm and full-term born human neonates. Design/Methods: One hundred esophageal manometry studies were performed in 75 infants (30-60 weeks PMA) and the high-pressure zones of LES and UES identified. The distance from nares to LES and from nares to UES, esophageal body length, length of UES and LES derived from the manometry studies were correlated with somatic growth parameters. Growth rate of different esophageal segments was also determined in 26 subjects that underwent longitudinal studies. Analysis of variance and linear regression analysis were performed. Results: Seventy-five neonates of 23.0-40.6 weeks gestational age (0.6-4.4 kg) were studied at 29.1-58.6 weeks PMA (1.0-6.4 kg). Significant correlation (P < 0.001) of PMA and physical growth parameters with the growth of nares-LES (R2 = 0.8), esophageal body length (R2 = 0.6) and nares-UES (R2 = 0.4) were noted. Nares-to-LES length increased at a rate of 0.25 cm/wk PMA during 33.0-36.0 weeks of age. Conclusions: In vivo esophageal segmental lengths correlated strongly with somatic growth parameters and PMA in neonates. We speculate that this approach has many practical applications with the use of esophageal probes and catheters.
The Effect of Cyclones on P&C Insurance Company Stocks

The effect of the 30 costliest recent cyclones (1985-2018) on the stock returns of the 30 biggest current Property and Casualty insurance companies are analyzed using an event study methodology. The analysis is conducted on multiple levels: for the whole sample, per cyclone, per company, and per state. Additionally, the effects of cyclone characteristics (strength, costs, event density, and state location) on individual returns per cyclone/firm match are analyzed. Student: Grigoriev, I.A.
Regulation in vitro and in vivo of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent inactivation of rat-liver pyruvate kinase type L.

The cyclic-AMP-dependent inactivation of pyruvate kinase L has been studied in a crude Sephadex filtrate of isolated hepatocytes. This inactivation requires the presence of Mg-ATP (apparent Km= 0.1 mM) and a half-maximal rate of inactivation was obtained in the presence of 0.15 μM cyclic AMP. It was inhibited by physiological concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate and by micromolar concentrations of fructose bisphosphate and these inhibitory effects were counteracted by Mg-ATP and by several l-form amino acids such as cysteine, alanine, serine, phenylalanine, which are also ligands of pyruvate kinase. As a rule, it appears that effectors that increase the activity of the enzyme are also those which prevent its cyclic-AMP-dependent inactivation and vice-versa. Considering the potentially important role of phosphoenolpyruvate concentration in the control of gluconeogenesis, experiments were performed to check if the inhibitory action of this metabolite on the inactivation of pyruvate kinase was of importance in vivo. We found that the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate was higher than normal in the livers of anesthetized rats in conditions like fasting and diabetes in which the rate of gluconeogenesis is known to be higher and the activity of pyruvate kinase lower than normally. The reverse was true upon sucrose feeding. Inactivation of pyruvate kinase was induced in vivo by the administration of glucagon. This inactivation was less important in the livers with high concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate and vice-versa. It is proposed that phosphoenolpyruvate exerts an important buffering effect in the variations of the rate of gluconeogenesis.
Graphical User Interfaces for Business Information Systems

Proponents of computer graphics foresee them having a dramatic impact on decision maker productivity. The availability of inexpensive graphic computer technology permits organizations to rely extensively on graphics for standard information presentations. Despite the claims of the proponents, however, there is little substantial evidence linking the use of graphics with increased management productivity and/or higher quality decisions. Moreover, the use of powerful graphics capabilities by end users, unskilled in graphics design, presents the likelihood that information presentations will suffer rather than improve as computer generated graphics grow in popularity. This article discusses typical and atypical applications of computer graphics for presenting business information. Existing evidence relating the use of graphics with improvements in user productivity is discussed. Much of the article is focused on computer graphics design within the organization including: who should do design, the conceptual foundations of good graphics design, and a set of guidelines and cautions applicable to the design of quality graphics. The article concludes with a list of suggested research topics.
Activation of the subthalamic region during emotional processing in Parkinson disease

Objective: To elucidate the involvement of the human subthalamic nucleus (STN) region in the processing or transmission of emotional information. Methods: Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from this region in 10 patients with Parkinson disease (PD) undergoing bilateral implantation of the STN for high-frequency stimulation. LFP recordings were made while patients viewed pleasant and unpleasant emotionally arousing and neutral pictures. Results: A significant decrease (event-related desynchronization [ERD]) in the local alpha power (8 to 12 Hz) was found for all stimulus categories starting at about 0.5 seconds after stimulus presentation. However, 1 to 2 seconds poststimulus, the ERD was larger in trials of pleasant (mean ERD: 21.6 ± 2.8%; p < 0.009) and unpleasant (mean ERD: 15.0 ± 4.2%; p = 0.018) stimuli compared with neutral stimuli (mean ERD: 4.4 ± 4.2%). Conclusion: The delayed modulation of alpha activity recorded from the area of the subthalamic nucleus in PD may reflect the processing or transmission of information related to emotional stimuli. “Limbic” activation in the region of the subthalamic nucleus may explain why high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus alters affect in some patients with PD.
Who Creates New Firms When Local Opportunities Arise?

Abstract We examine the characteristics of the individuals who become entrepreneurs when local opportunities arise. We identify local demand shocks by linking fluctuations in global commodity prices to municipality-level agricultural endowments in Brazil. We find that the firm creation response is mostly driven by young and skilled individuals. The characteristics of these responsive entrepreneurs are significantly different from those of average entrepreneurs in the economy. By structurally estimating a novel two-sector model of a local economy, we highlight how the demographic composition of the local population can significantly affect the entrepreneurial responsiveness of the economy.
Effects of art in retail environments

Abstract Artworks have been introduced to retail environments outside of the art gallery and museum setting, with the assumption that art can transfer everyday consumption experiences into special and memorable ones. However, the question on the effectiveness of the placement of artwork in retail environments in influencing consumers’ behaviors and experiences has not been addressed. Using the Sacred Heart sculpture by Jeff Koons, we conduct two studies to test the influence of art on an individual’s behavioral intention to visit a restaurant and expected experience of food consumption. Study 1 corroborates that the effect of attitudes toward an artwork on behavioral intentions is amplified when consumers’ art knowledge and levels of openness to experience are low, indicating that consumers who lack art appraisal skills are likely to be dependent on their attitude toward art. Study 2 examines the mediating roles of attitudes toward an artwork and an artist by manipulating art attractiveness and artist information as the sources of esthetic perceptions. The artist information serves as the factor boosting the effect of art attractiveness on the behavioral intention through the mediation of attitudes toward the artwork and the artist. Results show that how consumers perceive an artwork, namely artistic processing in a retail environment, is powerful in leading them to enter a store and have desirable consumption experiences. Retailers can also enhance consumer experience by selecting artworks based on target consumers’ level of art knowledge and openness to experience.
Accelerated Retention Test Method by Controlling Ion Migration Barrier of Resistive Random Access Memory

Retention of the low resistance state (LRS) in resistive random access memory (ReRAM) significantly decreases at increasing electrical stress due to barrier lowering of ion migration and Joule heating. The LRS failure rate under externally applied bias could be modeled by adopting an Arrhenius equation for ion migration. Accelerated retention failure under voltage stress is explained by the combination of two effects: 1) lowering of the ion migration barrier by external electric field and 2) thermal energy enhancement through local Joule heating. Based on this model, an improved methodology for ReRAM data retention test is proposed, allowing to reduce the testing temperature and the experimental time by several orders of magnitude by applying a relatively low voltage.
Susceptibility of Candida Species Isolated From HIV Infected and Newborn Candidaemia Patients to Amphotericin B

Problem statement: HIV infected and neonatal candidaemia is a serious condition where proper selection of the antifungal agent is the key factor in the prognosis of the disease. Thus in this study susceptibility of Candida species to Amphotericin B was explored in such patients. Approach: Forty different Candida isolates obtained from blood culture of such candidaemia cases were tested for Amphotericin B susceptibility by disc diffusion method and by microdilution method. Results: There was a good correlation between low MIC values and large inhibition zones among most isolates as expected, particularly with 24 h reading. Several outlier data were also observed during the study. After analysis it was found that 24 h microdilution method results were better for interpretation of susceptibility results. Conclusion: Microdilution method is the reliable method for susceptibility testing of Candida isolates from HIV infected and neonatal candidaemia patients to Amphotericin B.
Faculty Member’s Views, Attitude and Current Practice As Regards International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Criteria for Authorship

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and views of faculty members on criteria for authorship by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), their current practice of choosing the authors, views on gift authorship and problems they had faced concerning authorship. Methods It was a cross sectional survey from January 2011 to July 2011 among faculty members of various private and public sector medical institutions of Pakistan through a self-administered questionnaire. Main outcome measures included awareness and use of ICMJE criteria, which contribution to research merit authorship and their perceptions about gift authorship. Results Two hundred eighteen faculty members (180 males, 38 females) participated in the study. One hundred twenty eight (58.7%) were from surgery and allied disciplines. Ninety six percent had published between one to five papers while 60(27.5%) had six to ten papers to their credit. One hundred eleven (50.9%) claimed they were aware about the authorship criteria, only twenty two (19.8%) could name this document. Only four (1.8%) could correctly state this. Only one hundred twenty (55.0%) said that all three criteria’s must be met to be eligible for authorship. Ninety three (42.7%) said that they were not included as authors though they deserved it while sixty three said they did not merit but were still included. Forty two (19.3%) said that they were not aware when they were listed as authors. Conclusion A vast majority of young faculty members are not aware of the existence of authorship criteria and gift authorship is quite common.
Effectiveness of an opting-out strategy for HIV testing: evaluation of 4 years of standard HIV testing in a STI clinic

Objectives: A high proportion of individuals infected with HIV are unaware of the infection. They miss the opportunity for timely treatment. Our sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic (South Limburg, The Netherlands) recognised the need to increase test rates and from 2004 routinely includes a HIV test, unless the client refuses, in each consultation. We evaluated the effectiveness of this opting-out approach for HIV testing. Methods: We used anonymised data from our STI clinic from 2003–2007 to assess trends in HIV testing and (reasons for) test refusal using multivariate analyses and interview. Laboratory registry data from the area that is served by the clinic were evaluated as well. Results: In South Limburg the number of HIV tests increased, which was mostly due to increasing STI clinic requests and antenatal screening. Of STI clinic attendees, 84% (1616/1920) were tested in 2003 and this proportion increased to 96% (3699/3836) in 2007. However, 88% (n = 57/65) of men who have sex with men and 44% (191/424) of heterosexuals who refused HIV testing after 2004 were linked to higher STI/HIV risk. Our clinic now uses these findings to develop more effective and tailored HIV/STI counselling in order to further optimise HIV testing practice. Conclusions: Standard testing on HIV in a STI clinic is feasible and effective in increasing awareness of one’s HIV status. It should be an essential part of STI screening in STI clinics and should be considered in other healthcare settings for specific risk groups.