Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AND DETERMI- NATION OF HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AGAINST FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS IN CATTLE

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most economically important animal pathogen in Bangladesh. The present study was to investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate against the FMD virus and determine the haematological parameters in cattle. In this study, 200 cattle were selected and divided into 5 groups in 7 different areas of Bangladesh to determine the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of sodium bicarbonate. Four groups of cattle were treated with sodium bicarbonate at 10 gm/L for a preventative dose and at 20 gm/L for a therapeutic dose and observed at 7 days’ intervals. All the blood parameters were studied on day 0 (pre-treatment), day 14, and day 21. The morbidity and mortality rates of the cattle were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced during the period of use of sodium bicarbonate as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent in the 4 groups of cattle. In evaluating the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate as a preventive measure for FMD at a dose rate of 10 gm/L, water is better than the therapeutic measure. These findings indicate that the oral administration and wash with sodium bicarbonate affected the tongue and foot for 10 days and, as a result, significantly decreased the morbidity and mortality of the cattle. This preparation also increased the differential leukocytes count of the blood as a prophylaxis dose and decreased the lymphocyte as a therapeutic dose in the cattle.
Nodal parametrisation of analytic attractors

Friz and Robinson showed that analytic global attractors consisting of periodic functions can be parametrised using the values of the solution at a finite number of points throughout the domain, a result applicable to the $2$d Navier-Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions. In this paper we extend the argument to cover any attractor consisting of analytic functions; in particular we are now able to treat the $2$d Navier-Stokes equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Cost-effectiveness of sunitinib as second-line treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the People’s Republic of China

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Comparative Effectiveness Research 2017:7 1–9 Comparative Effectiveness Research Dovepress
Role of BMP4 and Its Signaling Pathways in Cultured HumanMelanocytes

Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP-4) was shown to down-regulate melanogenesis, in part, by decreasing the level of tyrosinase [Yaar et al. (2006) JBC:281]. Results presented here show that BMP-4 down-regulated the protein levels of TRP-1, PKC-β, and MCIR. When paired cultures of human melanocytes were treated with vehicle or BMP-4 (25 ng/ml), MAPK/ERK were phosphorylated within one hour of BMP-4 treatment. Then the activated MAPK/ERK caused an acute phosphorylation of MITF, followed by proteosome-mediated degradation of MITF, the key transcription factor for melanogenic proteins [Wu et al. (2000) Gene & Development:14]. However, prolonged exposure of melanocytes to BMP-4 (up to 48 hours) caused a decrease in the level of MITF-M transcript. In addition, BMP-4 decreased the intracellular level of cAMP, the key regulator of MITF expression. These results demonstrate that BMP-4 activates MAPK/ERK signaling pathway to transiently activate MITF; however, chronic treatment of BMP-4 to melanocytes causes a down-regulation of the expression of MITF, possibly in a cAMP-dependent pathway.
Tornado damage and fire history in the Cross Timbers of the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Oklahoma

Questions: The Cross Timbers are a mosaic of savannas, grasslands and upland forests, occupying a significant portion of southcentral North America. Our questions here were (i) how does a severe tornado affect the two most dominant tree species (Quercus marilandica and Q. stellata) of the Cross Timbers with respect to damage and mortality, and (ii) how do such patterns vary as a function of tree size? What are the implications of disturbance for codominance in species-poor systems? Location: The Cross Timbers in Oklahoma, USA. Methods: We established a 14.48-ha permanent plot following a severe tornado in 2003. We identified, numbered and tagged each tree and recorded its diameter at breast height (DBH), spatial coordinates, status (dead or alive), and damage type. We examined (1) relative abundance before and after the tornado, (2) differences in damage and mortality, and (3) the influence of tree diameter on the probability of damage and mortality for each species.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Damage in Concrete

Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation is an essential component of con- dition assessment of concrete. Conventionally, the use of ultrasonics is limited to the study of velocity of sound through concrete. The velocity is qualitatively linked to the condition of the concrete in service. However, sophistication in signal pro- cessing has led to the development of better ultrasonic techniques that can give some quantitative estimates of the damage. This paper describes the use of the transmitted ultrasonic energy to estimate the level of damage in concrete under uniaxial compression. The experimental set up was designed to collect ultrasonic signals between transducers at opposite ends of a concrete cube that was loaded in compression. A specially designed software program allowed real time analy- sis of the signal - including calculation of transmitted energy, obtaining FFT, etc. The methodology adopted in the study was able to differentiate the behaviour of ordinary and high strength concrete in compression.
Effects of including crossbred relative records on estimated breeding value prediction accuracies and selection decisions in swine

The overall objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the impact of including crossbred relative records on estimated breeding value selection accuracy for crossbred performance and to 2) estimate the subsequent extent of animal re-ranking and differences in selection decisions. Number born alive (NBA) and litters per sow per year (LSY) records were obtained from a large swine breeding company which maintains a database consisting of nucleus, multiplier, commercial, and rotational cross herds. The dataset included 187,674 litters from 46,749 Landrace (LR); 117,782 litters from 31,665 Large White (LW); and 295,163 litters from 76,925 LR × LW (F1) females, respectively. Variance components for each breed were calculated in REMLF90 using bivariate models with one purebred trait and the respective F1 trait. Number born alive and LSY crossbred breeding values and accuracies were estimated for purebred sows separately with purebred information only (EBVPLS) and with combined crossbred and purebred information (EBVCCPS) in BLUPF90. Purebred sow contemporary groups with >10 sows each were obtained according to herd weaning schedule from the most recent six months of data from each herd. Sows were ranked within contemporary groups for EBVPLS and EBVCCPS. Spearman rank correlations between EBV rankings and selection decision differences were calculated for each contemporary group, boars used for artificial insemination, and a multiplier herd (HP) with seven commercial herds which contained F1 progeny with > 98% pedigree information. Selection accuracy increases, contemporary group Spearman rank correlations, and percentages of change in selection decisions were evaluated separately for NBA and LSY EBV using mixed model equations. Including crossbred relative records in crossbred EBV calculations improved selection accuracy for boars and sows from all herd types. Sow re-ranking and differences in selection
Rainfall simulator-grid lysimeter system for solute transport studies using large, intact soil blocks

A grid lysimeter system and sample collection, containment, and storage techniques were developed for defiled laboratory studies of water and solute movement through intact soil blocks. This was done because existing designs and techniques had important deficiencies and were limited in their range of capabilities. Intact 46-cm soil cubes were isolated, then contained within a polyurethane foam shell, which formed a stable, intimate soil bond, was impermeable to water and strong enough to support a large soil block, while sufficiently elastic to accommodate soil shrink-swell with changing water content without rupturing. The soil blocks were instrumented with solution delivery, collection, and monitoring systems [. ]
Trends and abrupt changes in 104 years of ice cover and water temperature in a dimictic lake in response to air temperature, wind speed, and water clarity drivers

Abstract. The one-dimensional hydrodynamic ice model, DYRESM-WQ-I, was modified to simulate ice cover and thermal structure of dimictic Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA, over a continuous 104-year period (1911–2014). The model results were then used to examine the drivers of changes in ice cover and water temperature, focusing on the responses to shifts in air temperature, wind speed, and water clarity at multiyear timescales. Observations of the drivers include a change in the trend of warming air temperatures from 0.081 °C per decade before 1981 to 0.334 °C per decade thereafter, as well as a shift in mean wind speed from 4.44 m s−1 before 1994 to 3.74 m s−1 thereafter. Observations show that Lake Mendota has experienced significant changes in ice cover: later ice-on date(9.0 days later per century), earlier ice-off date (12.3 days per century), decreasing ice cover duration (21.3 days per century), while model simulations indicate a change in maximum ice thickness (12.7 cm decrease per century). Model simulations also show changes in the lake thermal regime of earlier stratification onset (12.3 days per century), later fall turnover (14.6 days per century), longer stratification duration (26.8 days per century), and decreasing summer hypolimnetic temperatures (−1.4 °C per century). Correlation analysis of lake variables and driving variables revealed ice cover variables, stratification onset, epilimnetic temperature, and hypolimnetic temperature were most closely correlated with air temperature, whereas freeze-over water temperature, hypolimnetic heating, and fall turnover date were more closely correlated with wind speed. Each lake variable (i.e., ice-on and ice-off dates, ice cover duration, maximum ice thickness, freeze-over water temperature, stratification onset, fall turnover date, stratification duration, epilimnion temperature, hypolimnion temperature, and hypolimnetic heating) was averaged for the three periods (1911–1980, 1981–1993, and 1994–2014) delineated by abrupt changes in air temperature and wind speed. Average summer hypolimnetic temperature and fall turnover date exhibit significant differences between the third period and the first two periods. Changes in ice cover (ice-on and ice-off dates, ice cover duration, and maximum ice thickness) exhibit an abrupt change after 1994, which was related in part to the warm El Nino winter of 1997–1998. Under-ice water temperature, freeze-over water temperature, hypolimnetic temperature, fall turnover date, and stratification duration demonstrate a significant difference in the third period (1994–2014), when air temperature was warmest and wind speeds decreased rather abruptly. The trends in ice cover and water temperature demonstrate responses to both long-term and abrupt changes in meteorological conditions that can be complemented with numerical modeling to better understand how these variables will respond in a future climate.
Extraction of Subterahertz Transmission-line Parameters of Coplanar Waveguides

Building on our previous work that compared computed propagation charac- teristics of picosecond pulses on coplanar waveguides (CPW's) with experiments, we extract transmission-line parameters, including resistance, inductance, conductance, and capacitance, from S-parameters up to subterahertz frequencies. The distributed-element circuit model is an- alyzed for applications in CPW-based circuit design. DOI: 10.2529/PIERS060912144405
Unrealistic Optimism in the Pursuit of Academic Success.

Although the ability to evaluate one’s own knowledge and performance is critical to learning, the correlation between students’ self-evaluation and actual performance measures is modest at best. In this study we examine the effect of offering extra credit for students’ accurate prediction (self-accuracy) of their performance on four exams in two semester-long classes on Personality. The courses emphasized the role of self-awareness. Despite these motivational interventions and performance feedback, there was minimal change in accuracy over the semester; a large proportion of students remained unrealistically optimistic about their performance in the face of evidence to the contrary. Moreover, inaccurately inflated confidence was related to poorer academic performance. A small minority of students improved in accuracy and exam performance over the each of the courses, offering a potentially useful source of comparison for addressing unrealistic optimism. We discuss the findings as reflecting the powerful influence of protecting self-esteem and suggest the need for realistic self-appraisal as a factor in academic success
A Study on Darrieus-type Hydroturbine toward Utilization of Extra-Low Head Natural Flow Streams

Abstract A two-dimensional Darrieus-type hydroturbine system, installed with a wear for flow streams such as small rivers and waterways, has been developed for hydropower utilization of extra-low head less than 2m. There are several problems such as flow rate change and flowing wastes to be solved for its practical use in natural flow streams. In the present study, at first, a design guideline in the case of overflow or bypass flow is shown by using simple flow model. Next, in order to avoid the unexpected obstacles flowing into the hydroturbine, an installation of waste screening system is examined. It is confirmed that the screen is effective with some amount of bypass flow rate, however the output power is remarkably deteriorated. Keywords : low head hydropower, Darrieus turbine, bypass flow, waste screening system 1. Introduction In recent years, fossil fuel exhaustions and greenhouse gas emissions are becoming severe global issues. The most preferable solution for them is to utilize renewable energies. Hydropower is one of the most popular renewable energies since ancient times and is able to control the output power connected to the grid widely in response to electricity demand [1]. High head hydropower generation plants, installed with large scale structures like dams, however are difficult to be newly constructed for the extensive impacts on ecological system. On the other hand, the low head hydropower, especially extralow head less than 2m, has been -almost undeveloped yet for several reasons. There are many sites of low head hydropower near urban areas and there are reused type small hydroturbine which had operated in past [2]. They are expected therefore as local energy resources as well as photovoltaic and wind power generations.
Effect Of Accelerated Corneal Collagen Cross Linking (CXL) On Corneal Endothelium

Aim: To study the effect of accelerated collagen cross linking on corneal endothelial cell count and morphology in patients with progressive keratoconus. Design: Prospective non randomised interventional study. Material & Methods: 40 consecutive eyes that underwent corneal collagen cross linking with riboflavin (CXL) for keratoconus were included in the study. Corneal endothelial cell count and morphology were compared before CXL and after CXL. Results: In this study we found that with accelerated collagen cross linking change in endothelial cell count and coefficient of variance was statistically significant with P value of P<0.001 and P<0.004 respectively when compared preoperative values. Conclusion: There is effect of accelerated collagen cross linking on the corneal endothelial cell and morphology which needs to be further studied.
Even after death the endophytic fungus of Schedonorus phoenix reduces the arbuscular mycorrhizas of other plants

Summary 1. Plants can host microbial communities whose integrated functions are often responsible for their success. Understanding mechanisms regulating such functions is thus a major goal in ecology. 2. Fungal endophytes of grasses, particularly of the genus Neotyphodium , have been reported to reduce colonization of their host plant by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. However, it is unclear which mechanism(s) may explain the effects produced by the endophyte and whether these effects are present in nature. 3. We used Schedonorus phoenix (syn. Lolium arundinaceum ) plants that were endophyte-free or infected with one of two strains of Neotyphodium coenophialum known to produce different putative allelochemicals to test the hypotheses that (i) allelopathic effects of the endophyte reduce AM fungal spore germination; and (ii) the allelochemical compound(s) are leached into the soil even after the death of S. phoenix , where they reduce AM fungal colonization of other plants. 4. In a first experiment, aqueous extracts from the shoots of S. phoenix were applied onto spores of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices to test germination effects. Both endophyte strains reduced spore germination by approximately 10% relative to endophyte-free controls. 5. In a second experiment, we placed dried shoot material (‘thatch’) on the soil surface of pots containing Bromus inermis , which were either inoculated with G. intraradices or not. We watered the plants through the thatch, relying upon leaching to translocate potential allelochemicals to the soil. AM fungal colonization of B. inermis was significantly reduced when thatch was infected with the common strain, but not with AR542, compared to the endophyte-free thatch. Furthermore, the arbuscule : vesicle ratio was 11-fold smaller when thatch was infected with the common strain compared to endophyte-free thatch, suggesting that G. intraradices was stressed by the presence of common strain-leachate. 6. We observed situations whereby two ecologically widespread plant-microbe symbioses interact. Potential mechanisms may include allelopathic effects, although other factors are also possible, and leaching is a mode of entry of putative endophyte-induced AM fungal inhibitors in soil. Understanding these processes is important as they affect AM fungal communities which contribute to plant success and, consequentially, grassland ecosystem dynamics.
IRONY: CONTEXT ACCESSIBILITY AND PROCESSING EFFORT

La ironía se considera una estrategia discursiva en la que el sentido literal del enunciado diverge de S'U interpretación real, esto es, la pretendida por el emisor La ironía es etiquetada. por lo tanto, como un enunciado indlrecto, y se afi:rnta que es más dificil de procesar que los enunciados literales. En este articulo se propone un prmcip¡o de acceslbJltdad óptima a la Jronia, que responde al intento de arrojar luz sobre la validez o incorrección de esta atinnaaón. Palabras clave: ironía, teoría de la relevancia, lo indirecto, pragmática, principio de cooperación Abstract Irony is considered a discursíve strategy in whÍch fue literal sense of an utterance differs from its real interpretation, tbat is, the one intended by the sendero Therefore, irony is labelled as an mdírect utterance, an.d is said lo be more drfficult to proces.s lhan literal utterances. In tbis amele a prmctple o[ optimal accessibrllfy lo irony is proposed, wruch is motivated by lhe atlempt to shed líght on the validity or incorrection of this argument. Key worda: irony, relevance theory, indirectness. pragmatícs, cooperative principie
Nanolayered diamond sintered compact obtained by direct conversion from highly oriented graphite under high pressure and high temperature

A new type of polycrystalline sintered diamond has been successfully synthesized by direct conversion from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite at 15GPa and 2300°C. It is optically transparent and consists entirely of layered nanocrystals (50-100nm thick) of cubic diamond, which are tightly bound to each other and have strong [111] preferred orientation along the stacking direction. This nanolayered diamond has excellent indentation hardness (∼114GPa in Knoop scale) comparable to the highest values obtained from single crystalline diamond. Furthermore, it is expected to have significantly high wear resistance on both ends of cylindrical sintered compact, since the surfaces are terminated exclusively by the hardest {111} planes of the layered diamond nanocrystals.
A stochastic Burgers equation from a class of microscopic interactions

We consider a class of nearest-neighbor weakly asymmetric mass conservative particle systems evolving on $\mathbb{Z}$, which includes zero-range and types of exclusion processes, starting from a perturbation of a stationary state. When the weak asymmetry is of order $O(n^{-\gamma})$ for $1/2<\gamma\leq1$, we show that the scaling limit of the fluctuation field, as seen across process characteristics, is a generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. However, at the critical weak asymmetry when $\gamma=1/2$, we show that all limit points satisfy a martingale formulation which may be interpreted in terms of a stochastic Burgers equation derived from taking the gradient of the KPZ equation. The proofs make use of a sharp "Boltzmann-Gibbs" estimate which improves on earlier bounds.
Constraints on the origin and evolution of Iani Chaos, Mars

[1] The origin mechanisms and geologic evolution of chaotic terrain on Mars are poorly constrained. Iani Chaos, located at the head Ares Vallis, is among the most geomorphologically complex of the chaotic terrains. Its morphology is defined by (1) multiple, 1 to 2 km deep basins, (2) flat-topped, fractured plateaus that are remnants of highland terrain, (3) knobby, fractured remnants of highland terrain, (4) plateaus with a knobby surface morphology, (5) interchaos grooved terrain, (6) interior layered deposits (ILDs), and (7) mantling material. Topography, the observed geomorphology, and measured fracture patterns suggest that the interchaos basins formed as a result of subsurface volume loss and collapse of the crust, likely owing to effusion of groundwater to the surface. Regional patterns in fracture orientation indicate that the basins developed along linear zones of preexisting weakness in the highland crust. Multiple overlapping basins and fracture systems point to multiple stages of collapse at Iani Chaos. Furthermore, the total estimated volume loss from the basins (104 km3) is insufficient to explain erosion of 104–105 km3 of material from Ares Vallis by a single flood. Comparisons with the chronology of Ares Vallis indicate multiple water effusion events from Iani Chaos that span the Hesperian, with termination of activity in the early Amazonian. Recharge of groundwater through preexisting fracture systems may explain this long-lived, but likely episodic, fluvial activity. Late-stage, early to middle Amazonian aqueous processes may have deposited the ILDs. However, the topography data indicate that the ILDs did not form within lacustrine environments.
A New Type of Coincidence and Common Fixed Point Theorem with Applications

Coincidence and common fixed point theorems for a class of Ciric-Suzuki hybrid contractions involving a multivalued and two single-valued maps in a metric space are obtained. Some applications including the existence of a common solution for certain class of functional equations arising in a dynamic programming are also discussed.