Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The treatment of adolescent depression in the era of the black box warning

Purpose of review This paper reviews the epidemiology and sequelae of adolescent depression, recent studies of antidepressants and psychotherapeutic modalities for treatment of adolescent depression, and the black box warning from the United States Food and Drug Administration regarding the use of antidepressants in adolescents. Recent findings Over the past 4 years, four major randomized placebo-controlled trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adolescents have been published. Although each of these published studies concluded that the drug under study was efficacious, the United States Food and Drug Administration and others have offered words of caution. Over the past 2 years, there has been increasing concern that antidepressants may increase suicidal thinking and behavior (not completed suicide) in depressed adolescents. The United States Food and Drug Administration has issued a black box warning asking providers to use caution when prescribing antidepressants in children under the age of 18. Summary Adolescent depression is common, socially and economically costly, and a potentially lethal disease. Recent studies of antidepressant use in adolescents have demonstrated variable efficacy and an increased risk of adverse events, including suicidality. The evidence is greatest to support the efficacy of fluoxetine, and thus it remains the only selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of depression in children and adolescents. Psychotherapy is strongly encouraged in any patient for whom medication is prescribed. The risk of adverse events associated with antidepressant use requires caution when these medications are prescribed to adolescents. In an adolescent with depression, however, there is an inherent and greater risk to doing nothing.
[Secular trends of hypospadias in Chinese perinatals].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the secular trends in the prevalence rate of hypospadias in Chinese perinatals and explore its possible influencing factors. METHODS Data were taken from Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network, a hospital-based congenital anomalies registry system. All live or still births at or beyond 28 weeks of gestation were assessed within 7 days after delivery in the period from 1987 to 2001. RESULTS 1999 cases of hypospadias were identified among 3,769,464 male births, the crude prevalence rate being 5.30 per 10,000 births. And an increasing secular trend was observed both in urban and rural areas. In recent years, an increase in rate of hypospadias was found in coastal provinces and inland provinces, but not in remote border provinces. Faster increase was seen in urban areas and coastal areas, compared with that in rural areas and inland areas respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence rates of hypospadias in Chinese perinatals from 1987 to 2001 showed an upward tendency.
Independent and coupled translational initiation of atp genes in Escherichia coli: experiments using chromosomal and plasmid‐borne lacZ fusions

The translational initiation rates directed by the translational initiation regions (TIRs) of the atpB, atpH, atpA and atpG genes of Escherichia coli were investigated using lacZ fusions present on plasmids as well as integrated into the chromosome. This was the first investigation of the translational efficiency of the atpB gene, whose unfused product (subunit a) can be toxic to the cell. The specific mRNA levels, rates of in vivo protein synthesis and β‐galactosidase activities encoded by the atp:: lacZ fusions were compared in order to obtain valid estimates of relative translation rates. The results indicate that in the E. coli atp operon, translation directed by the atpB, atpH and atpG TIRs is less efficient than that directed by the atpA TIR, and are thus consistent with earlier measurements of direct atp gene expression. Initiation is, however, to differing extents, controlled by coupling to the translation of upstream neighbours. There is particularly tight coupling between atpH and atpA. Increasing the distance between these two genes whilst maintaining the original atpA TIR structure decreased the degree of coupling. The influence of manipulations of the atpG TIR structure upon translational efficiency was quantitatively more pronounced when the atpG fusions were present as a single copy per chromosome. This is likely to be related to the mRNA binding characteristics of 30S ribosomal subunits and/or to the influence of other (trans‐acting) factors. The control of independent and coupled initiation at the atp TIRs is discussed in relation to mRNA structure and possible CiS and trans regulatory phenomena.
Physical layer security in wireless networks : design and enhancement

Security and privacy have become increasingly significant concerns in wireless communication networks, due to the open nature of the wireless medium which makes the wireless transmission vulnerable to eavesdropping and inimical attacking. The emergence and development of decentralized and ad-hoc wireless networks pose great challenges to the implementation of higher-layer key distribution and management in practice. Against this background, physical layer security has emerged as an attractive approach for performing secure transmission in a low complexity manner. This thesis concentrates on physical layer security design and enhancement in wireless networks. First, this thesis presents a new unifying framework to analyze the average secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability. Besides the exact average secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability, a new approach for analyzing the asymptotic behavior is proposed to compute key performance parameters such as high signal-to-noise ratio slope, power offset, secrecy diversity order, and secrecy array gain. Typical fading environments such as two-wave with diffuse power and Nakagami-m are taken into account. Second, an analytical framework of using antenna selection schemes to achieve secrecy is provided. In particular, transmit antenna selection and generalized selection combining are considered including its special cases of selection combining and maximal-ratio combining. Third, the fundamental questions surrounding the joint impact of power constraints on the cognitive wiretap channel are addressed. Important design insights are revealed regarding the interplay between two power constraints, namely the maximum transmit at the secondary network and the peak interference power at the primary network. Fourth, secure single carrier transmission is considered in the two-hop decode-and-
Passive Balancing of Peak Currents Between Paralleled MOSFETs With Unequal Threshold Voltages

The peak switching currents of two paralleled MOSFETs turned <sc>on</sc>/<sc>off</sc> by one gate driver could differ significantly owing to the mismatch in threshold voltages (<italic>V</italic><sub>th</sub>). The passive balancing method described herein employs one inductor and one resistor per MOSFET to force the currents to track with negligible penalty in loss. Sensors, feedbacks, and knowledge of gate-related parameters (such as gate charge, polarity of <italic>V</italic><sub>th</sub> difference, gate impedances, etc.) are not required. The passive components are designed using an inequality involving <italic>V</italic><sub>th</sub>, rise time, and unbalance percentage. The mismatch in peak currents is reduced from 15% to 1% between SiC MOSFETs tested at 20 A and 300 V with 19% <italic>V</italic><sub>th</sub> variation.
Sentiment Analysis Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Review

The World Wide Web such as social networks, forums, review sites and blogs generate enormous heaps of data in the form of users views, emotions, opinions and arguments about different social events, products, brands, and politics. Sentiments of users that are expressed on the web has great influence on the readers, product vendors and politicians. The unstructured form of data from the social media is needed to be analyzed and well-structured and for this purpose, sentiment analysis has recognized significant attention. Sentiment analysis is referred as text organization that is used to classify the expressed mind-set or feelings in different manners such as negative, positive, favorable, unfavorable, thumbs up, thumbs down, etc. The challenge for sentiment analysis is lack of sufficient labeled data in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). And to solve this issue, the sentiment analysis and deep learning techniques have been merged because deep learning models are effective due to their automatic learning capability. This Review Paper highlights latest studies regarding the implementation of deep learning models such as deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks and many more for solving different problems of sentiment analysis such as sentiment classification, cross lingual problems, textual and visual analysis and product review analysis, etc.
Resuscitating the elderly: what do the patients want?

OBJECTIVES: To study the resuscitation preferences, choice of decision-maker, views on the seeking of patients' wishes and determinants of these of elderly hospital in-patients. DESIGN: Questionnaire administered on admission and prior to discharge. SETTING: Two acute geriatric medicine units (Southampton and Poole). PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and fourteen consecutive consenting mentally competent patients admitted to hospital as emergencies. RESULTS: Resuscitation was wanted by 60%, particularly married and functionally independent patients and those who had not already considered it. Not wanted resuscitation was associated with lack of social contacts. Sixty-seven per cent welcomed enquiry about their preferences and 78% wanted participation in decision, 43% as sole decision-maker. Wishing to choose oneself was associated with not wanting resuscitation, prior knowledge of it, and lack of a spouse. Patients' opinions remained stable during their admission. CONCLUSIONS: Discussion of resuscitation is practical on hospital admission without causing distress and the views expressed endure through the period of hospitalisation. Elderly patients' attitudes depend partly on personal health and social circumstances. This may assist doctors when patients are unable to participate themselves.
The effects of ACE inhibitors and other antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular risk factors and atherogenesis

The effects of antihypertensive therapy on the atherosclerotic process and differences among various treatment approaches have been studied in several animal models. Studies in cholesterol‐fed rabbits have indicated that beta blockers and calcium antagonists can inhibit the development of aortic atherosclerosis induced by marked hypercholesterolemia. However, no such antiatherosclerotic action has been apparent with these agents in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit. A study was conducted to determine the effects of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril administered orally for 9 months on the development of atherosclerosis in normotensive WHHL. Compared with controls, the treated animals had a significant reduction in atherosclerosis of the descending thoracic aorta. These effects were associated with significantly lower blood pressure, though within the normal range, in captopril‐treated versus control animals. In the captopril group, the atherosclerotic plaques were thinner and less cellular than plaques of similar gross severity in control WHHL. The findings indicate that the ACE inhibitor captopril can inhibit atherogenesis in the WHHL, which has been resistant to such therapy with other antihypertensive drugs.
Age-Related Changes in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Acute Phase Proteins and Cortisol Concentrations in Neonatal Piglets

Age-related changes have been described in the resting levels of cortisol and acute phase proteins in the neonatal pig. This study evaluated the plasma concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), the acute phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp), as well as cortisol during the first week of postnatal life in piglets. The influence of invasive managerial practices such as teeth clipping, ear notching and tail docking on possible age-related changes in the production of these inflammatory mediators was also assessed. A total of 96 piglets were selected from 24 litters at birth, and were randomly assigned to one of four sampling times over the first week of life and one of two treatments. Blood samples were taken at 1, 3, 5 or 7 days of age. Piglets were ear notched, teeth clipped and tail docked (NCD), or were left untreated (CON). Significant effects of age were found in plasma concentrations of TNF-α, SAA, Hp and cortisol (p < 0.001). Concentrations of TNF-α and Hp increased with age, and peak concentrations were found on day 5. SAA and cortisol levels were highest on day 1, decreasing gradually with age. NCD piglets tended to have higher levels of plasma Hp than CON animals (p = 0.066). However, no differences between NCD and CON piglets were found in any other parameter measured. Furthermore, age effects were not affected by these husbandry practices. These results indicate that age-related changes exist in several inflammatory mediators, and suggest that these managerial practices do not result in systemic inflammation in early postnatal life of piglets.
Indistinguishable Sceneries

In this paper we give a counterexample to a conjecture mentioned in Benw Ž . x jamini and Kesten J. d’Anal. Math., 69, 97]135 1996 about distinguishing sceneries by observing them along a simple random walk, giving an explicit construction of 2/0 sceneries that are all pairwise indistinguishable. Q 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 14, 71]86, 1999
Efficient and strategy-proof social choice when preferences are single-dipped

We study the problem of locating a single public good along a segment when agents have single-dipped preferences. We ask whether there are unanimous and strategy-proof rules for this model. The answer is positive and we characterize all such rules. We generalize our model to allow the set of alternatives to be unbounded. If the set of alternatives does not have a maximal and a minimal element, there is no meaningful notion of efficiency. However, we show that the range of every strategy-proof rule has a maximal and a minimal element. We then characterize all strategy-proof rules.
Gender and affect in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that males with schizophrenia have more negative symptoms and females with schizophrenia have more depressive symptoms. Previous studies examining gender differences in negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia have been inconclusive, being limited by retrospective design and lack of suitable assessment instruments. METHOD A consecutive series of 113 consenting inpatients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia (45 females, 68 males) were assessed using reliable measures of depression and negative symptoms. Negative symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and depression by the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Ninety-two of the subjects were reassessed 3 months later. RESULTS There were no differences in levels of negative or depressive symptoms between men and women. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the study, the results do not support the hypothesis of sex differences in negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.
What happens if you delay scanning Digora phosphor storage plates (PSPs) for up to 4 hours?

OBJECTIVES To assess, both objectively and subjectively, the effects of different combinations of storage conditions and delaying scanning for up to 4 h on digital images captured using Digora phosphor storage plates (PSPs). METHOD Standardized images were obtained of an aluminium step wedge and dry mandible in acrylic using GE 1000 and phosphor storage plates (PSPs) from the Digora (Soredex) digital system. 12 plates were exposed and immediately scanned to produce the baseline gold standard. The plates were re-exposed and stored using three different storage combinations--(A) ambient temperature, (R) refrigeration and (S) low humidity, and then scanned after 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h or 4 h. The objective analysis was carried out by pixel density measurements and the data analysed statistically using analysis of variance. Subjective analysis was carried out by three oral radiologists and the results analysed using the Mann Whitney U-test. RESULTS Objective analysis showed loss of pixel density after 4 h using all storage combinations. Subjectively, this loss of density was not evident. CONCLUSION There is a loss of image density at 4 h when using Digora PSPs which can not be detected clinically, but could compromise multisite research.
The ORION Study: Comparison of Two Sirolimus‐Based Regimens versus Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil in Renal Allograft Recipients

Safety and efficacy of two sirolimus (SRL)‐based regimens were compared with tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Renal transplantation recipients were randomized to Group 1 (SRL+TAC; week 13 TAC elimination [n = 152]), Group 2 (SRL + MMF [n = 152]) or Group 3 (TAC + MMF [n = 139]). Group 2, with higher‐than‐expected biopsy‐confirmed acute rejections (BCARs), was sponsor‐terminated; therefore, Group 2 two‐year data were limited. At 1 and 2 years, respectively, graft (Group 1: 92.8%, 88.5%; Group 2: 90.6%, 89.9%; Group 3: 96.2%, 95.4%) and patient (Group 1: 97.3%, 94.4%; Group 2: 95.2%, 94.5%; Group 3: 97.0%, 97.0%) survival rates were similar. One‐ and 2‐year BCAR incidence was: Group 1, 15.2%, 17.4%; Group 2, 31.3%, 32.8%; Group 3, 8.2%, 12.3% (Group 2 vs. 3, p < 0.001). Mean 1‐ and 2‐year modified intent‐to‐treat glomerular filtration rates (mL/min) were similar. Primary reason for discontinuation was adverse events (Group 1, 34.2%; Group 2, 33.6%; Group 3, 22.3%; p < 0.05). In Groups 1 and 2, delayed wound healing and hyperlipidemia were more frequent. One‐year post hoc analysis of new‐onset diabetes posttransplantation was greater in TAC recipients (Groups 1 and 3 vs. 2, 17% vs. 6%; p = 0.004). Between‐group malignancy rates were similar. The SRL‐based regimens were not associated with improved outcomes for kidney transplantation patients.
Effectiveness of Cyantraniliprole for Managing Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Interfering with Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus on Tomato

ABSTRACT Cyantraniliprole is the second xylem-systemic active ingredient in the new anthranilic diamide class. Greenhouse (2006), growth chamber (2007), and field studies (2009–2010) were conducted to determine the efficacy of cyantraniliprole for managing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B and in interfering with transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by this whitefly. Cyantraniliprole applied as soil treatments (200 SC) or foliar sprays (100 OD) provided excellent adult whitefly control, TYLCV suppression, and reduced oviposition and nymph survival, comparable to current standards. The positive results observed in these greenhouse experiments with a high level of insect pressure (l0× the field threshold of one adult per plant) and disease pressure (five adults per plant, with a high level of confidence that TYLCV virulent adults were used), indicate a great potential for cyantraniliprole to be used in a whitefly management program. Field evaluations of soil drench treatments confirmed the suppression of TYLCV transmission demonstrated in the greenhouse studies. Field studies in 2009 and 2010 showed that cyantraniliprole (200 SC) provided TYLCV suppression for 2 wk after a drench application, when using a susceptible (2009) or imidacloprid-tolerant (2010) whitefly population. Cyantraniliprole was demonstrated to be a promising tool for management of TYLCV in tomato production, which is very difficult and expensive, and which has limited options. The integration of cyantraniliprole into a resistance management program will help to ensure the continued sustainability of this and current insecticides used for the management of insect vectors, including whiteflies and the TYLCV they spreads.
Relationship between plasma endothelin‐1 concentration and cardiovascular responses during high‐intensity eccentric and concentric exercise

The present study investigates the relationship between plasma endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) concentrations and cardiovascular responses during eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) resistance exercises. Eight healthy males (aged 24·3 ± 1·2 years) performed dynamic forearm exercises for 60 s at an angular velocity of 60º s−1. Each test comprised 60‐s high‐intensity (80% of peak torque) bouts of randomly selected ECC and CON contractions, and the plasma ET‐1 concentrations were measured before and after each type of contraction. Systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), pulse pressure and heart rate (HR) during ECC and CON contraction were also measured. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated from SBP and DBP. The rate‐pressure product (RPP) was calculated from SBP and HR. The plasma ET‐1 concentration was significantly increased after CON, compared with ECC contraction (P<0·01). Moreover, SBP, DBP, MAP and RPP were significantly increased (P<0·05, P<0·01, P<0·001, respectively) during CON, compared with ECC contraction. Correlations between plasma ET‐1 concentration and MAP were not significant during ECC contraction, but significantly positive during CON contraction (P<0·05). These results showed that CON contraction is associated with ET‐1 production and a greater increase in blood pressure compared with ECC contraction.