Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of Malaysian terraced house design and the tendency of changing

The construction of terraced houses is the main contributor to the successful development of housing industry in Malaysia but illegal changes and modifications by buyers and occupants may diminish its original identity or characteristics. The physical adaptation and adjustment made by the occupants to fit their utilitarian needs could result in the extensive modification of the housing facilities and the relocation of spatial distribution. Since alteration and renovations are always done and made without proper control, terraced house in Malaysia has lost its originality. This paper provides literature reviews on housing modifications specifically in terms of design consideration and changes in design. It describes the relationship between human and their territory and space which then leads to changes in lifestyle and design. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the effect of altering the appearance and the change of the original architectural character.
Assessment of knowledge regarding new-born care among mothers in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu

Background: Educating mothers to create awareness about essential obstetric and neonatal care are the key steps in achieving the goals of reproductive and child health programme. In this study, we aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding essential new born care among the mothers. Methods: This community based cross sectional study was done in Kancheepuram district, using a sample size of 100 mothers arrived based on the expected number of pregnancies in the area. The participants were selected by simple random sampling and data collected regarding the knowledge on new-born care among the mothers, using a structured interview schedule. Results: The study result showed that mean age of mothers was 25 years and mean weight of babies was about 3 kg. Regarding the education status, 67% studied up to 10 th standard and 18% studied up to plus two levels. Majority of them got information on new born care from health workers (44%) and family members (36%). The level of adequate knowledge regarding new-born care was present only in 15%, feeding practices in 39%, various components of immunization in 8%, growth and development in 42% and about new-born illness in 33% of the mothers. The knowledge regarding new born care was found to have a significant association with the educational status of the mothers. Conclusions: This study outcome shows the need for a better revamped awareness and education program coupled with effective health care delivery system to improve the level of knowledge among mothers on new born care, in achieving better health indicators as far as RCH services are concerned.
Supporting multiple tool integration paradigms within a single environment

In the domain of effective software development, tool integration is a key issue. In effect, tools can be integrated using a variety of the interfacing paradigms. In most software development environments to date, tool integration is based on a single-paradigm tool interface which may not be suitable for integrating a diverse range of tools. It is desirable to have various interfacing paradigms for flexible and effective tool integration within a single environment. The authors discuss research into a generic interface supporting uncoupled, tightly coupled, and loosely coupled interfacing paradigms within a single prototype environment for interactive software development.
Effect of farming practices and farm history on incidence of coconut lethal yellowing in Mozambique

Management of coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), which has killed about eight million coconut trees in Mozambique, has proved challenging. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of farming practices and related history, on the CLYD incidence in Mozambique. The methodology included a socioeconomic questionnaire to the households and direct observations on the palm farms. The collected data were analysed using logistic regression. Five out of 11 explanatory variables tested, namely farm age, availability of other palm species on the coconut farm, type of coconut varieties grown, root cut practices, and intercropping had a significant (P< 0.05) effect on CLYD incidence. Coconut farms <10 years had higher odds of higher disease incidence compared to the farms between 10 to 40 years old. The presence of other palm species in the coconut farms had two times higher odds of having higher disease incidence levels compared to farms without other palm species. Tall coconut varieties were likely to be more tolerant to CLYD compared to dwarf varieties. Coconut farms with some kind of intercropping had two times higher odds of having higher disease incidence levels compared to pure stands. The practice of cutting coconut roots had three times higher odds of having high disease incidence levels compared to non-practicing farms. Farm age, availability of other palm species on the coconut farm, type of coconut varieties grown, root cut practices and intercropping need to be considered for integrated CLYD management. Key Words : Cocos nucifera, inter cropping, logistic regression
Expression in tobacco of a functional monoclonal antibody specific to stylet secretions of the root-knot nematode

Genes for the heavy and light protein chains of a monoclonal antibody (6D4) specific to stylet secretions of Meloidogyne incognita were cloned as cDNAs containing a native leader sequence. Heavy and light chain constructs under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were transformed independently into Xanthi tobacco. Transgenic plants producing either heavy or light chain protein were crossed, yielding progeny that produced assembled and functional 6D4 immunoglobulins (plantibodies). Specificity of plantibodies was identical to 6D4 derived from the hybridoma cell line, i.e., both bound to the root-knot nematode esophageal glands and stylet secretions. Based on tissue print analysis, plantibodies were expressed in leaves, stems, roots, and galls. However, plantibody expression had no influence on root-knot nematode parasitism of transgenic plants. Plantibodies possibly accumulate apoplastically whereas nematode stylet secretions might be injected into the cytoplasm of the parasitized cell, precluding plantibody interference with secretion function in parasitism.
LUBRICITY OF COMPONENTS OF BIODIESEL AND PETRODIESEL. THE ORIGIN OF BIODIESEL LUBRICITY

An alternative diesel fuel that is steadily gaining attention and significance is biodiesel, which is defined as the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats. Previous literature states that low blend levels of biodiesel can restore lubricity to (ultra-)low-sulfur petroleum-derived diesel (petrodiesel) fuels, which have poor lubricity. This feature has been discussed as a major technical advantage of biodiesel. In this work, the lubricity of numerous fatty compounds was studied and compared to that of hydrocarbon compounds found in petrodiesel. The effects of blending compounds found in biodiesel on petrodiesel lubricity were also studied. Lubricity was determined using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) test. Dibenzothiophene, which is contained in nondesulfurized petrodiesel, does not enhance petrodiesel lubricity. Fatty compounds possess better lubricity than hydrocarbons, because of their polarity-imparting O atoms. Neat free fatty acids, monoacylglycerols, and glycerol possess bett.
An Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) to Assess the Impact of Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) Measurements on the Numerical Simulation of a Tropical Cyclone

The importance of wind observations has been recognized for many years. However, wind observations—especially three-dimensional global wind measurements—are very limited. A satellite-based Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) is proposed to measure three-dimensional wind profiles using remote sensing techniques. Assimilating these observations into a mesoscale model is expected to improve the performance of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In order to examine the potential impact of the DWL three-dimensional wind profile observations on the numerical simulation and prediction of tropical cyclones, a set of observing simulation system experiments (OSSEs) is performed using the advanced research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system. Results indicate that assimilating the DWL wind observations into the mesoscale numerical model has significant potential for improving tropical cyclone track and intensity forecasts.
Chemical Composition and Biological Screening of Essential Oils of Zanthoxylum armatum DC Leaves

Essential oil (ZVO) from Zanthoxylum armatum was extracted through hydro-distillation and tested for various biological activities. A total of 34 chemical constitutes were identified through GC-MS, the major constituents of ZVO were beta- Linalool (53.05%), Bergamot mint oil (12.73%), alpha-Limonene diepoxide (11.39%), alpha- pinene (4.08%), beta- Myrcene (3.69%) and D-Limonene (3.10%). ZVO showed significant antispasmodic effect and relaxed the isolated rabbit jejunum in spontaneous as well as in potassium chloride induced contraction. The maximum effect was observed against M. leutus followed by B. subtilis with percent zone of inhibition 28.45 and 20.45, respectively. A concentration dependent effect was also observed against available species of fungi. The maximum effect was observed against M. canis, C. albicans and C. glabrata with percent activity 84.87, 83 and 79, respectively. The oils were also found to have Cytotoxic and Phytotoxic potential.
Enhancement of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation at terahertz frequency by optimized grating, prebunched beams, and open cavity

This paper studies various mechanisms to enhance the coherent Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR) at terahertz frequencies using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A simple analytical dispersion relation is derived to predict the frequency of the evanescent surface wave of the open grating, which is excited by a backward-wave oscillation mechanism and emits radiation at harmonics of this frequency, and the cavity mode frequencies of the Orotron-like device, all in excellent agreement with the simulation data. The grating parameters are optimized to minimize the starting current of a continuous electron beam for exciting coherent SPR. It is demonstrated that a prebunched beam can be used to selectively excite coherent SPR at desired SPR angle and frequencies that are higher harmonics of the beam bunching frequency, where the starting current requirement is eliminated. Our PIC simulations show the dynamics of modes development and competition for the Orotron-like open cavity structure, which owns a lower starting current than the surface mode process. This oscillation mode dominates at steady state and enhances the radiated power by more than 2 orders of magnitude. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18. 020702 PACS numbers: 41.60. Cr, 41.75. Ht
Representations for Visually Guided Actions

Author(s): Gupta, Saurabh | Advisor(s): Malik, Jitendra | Abstract: In recent times, computer vision has made great leaps towards 2D understanding of sparse visual snapshots of the world. This is insufficient for robots that need to exist and act in the 3D world around them based on a continuous stream of multi-modal inputs. In this work, we present efforts towards bridging this gap between computer vision and robotics. We show how thinking about computer vision and robotics together brings out limitations of current computer vision tasks and techniques, and motivates joint study of perception and action. We present some initial efforts towards this and investigate a) how we can move from 2D understanding of images to 3D understanding of the underlying scene, b) how recent advances in representation learning for images can be extended to obtain representations for varied sensing modalities useful in robotics, and c) how thinking about vision and action together can lead to more effective solutions for the classical problem of visual navigation.
A Theory for the Lower-Tropospheric Structure of the Moist Isentropic Circulation

A theoretical model describing the structure of the dry and moist isentropic circulations in the lower troposphere is derived. It decomposes the meridional flow in the troposphere into three contributions: a dry equatorward flow, a cold moist equatorward flow, and a warm moist poleward flowin the mixed layer. The model is based on observations of the meridional mass fluxes joint distribution in potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature. It updates an existing model of the dry circulation by emphasizing the role of moisture in the mixed layer. The model is used to derive an expression for the ratio of moist to dry circulation strengths and this expression is used to assess the influence of surface thermodynamics on the circulations. It predicts that the moist circulation should be between 1.5 and 2 times as strong as the dry circulation and that this relative strength should not increase indefinitely with increasing surface temperature variability. The model also yields an expression for the ratio of total meridional heat fluxes to meridional sensible heat fluxes. This expression indicates that while an increase in the total heat fluxes occurs when surface temperature variability increases (via an increase in latent heat flux), it cannot increase indefinitely. The results suggest that changes in surface thermodynamic conditions must be constrained to constrain changes in the meridional overturning circulation associated with a warming climate.
EFFECT OF HEATED WALL POSITION ON MIXED CONVECTION IN A CHANNEL WITH AN OPEN CAVITY

Mixed convection in an open cavity with a heated wall bounded by a horizontally insulated plate is studied numerically. Three basic heating modes are considered: (a) the heated wall is on the inflow side (assisting flow); (b) the heated wall is on the outflow side (opposing flow); and (c) the heated wall is the horizontal surface of the cavity (heating from below). Mixed convection fluid flow and heat transfer within the cavity is governed by the buoyancy parameter, Richardson number (Ri), and Reynolds number (Re). The results are reported in terms of streamlines, isotherms, wall temperature, and the velocity profiles in the cavity for Ri=0.1 and 100, Re=100 and 1000, and the ratio between the channel and cavity heights (H/D) is in the range 0.1-1.5. The present results show that the maximum temperature values decrease as the Reynolds and the Richardson numbers increase. The effect of the H/D ratio is found to play a significant role on streamline and isotherm patterns for differentheating configurations. The present investigation shows that the opposing forced flow configuration has the highest thermal performance in terms of both maximum temperature and average Nusselt number.
Impact of Ripening Techniques on the Biochemical and Physiological Changes in Tomatoes (3-Lobes and Big-Local Cultivars)

Association between regular consumption of tomatoes and decreased risk of chronic degenerative diseases has been established. The present work studies the impact of the ripening techniques on the nutritional, antioxidant and pro-vitamin A indices of two cultivars of tomatoes. The totals solid contents range from 4.88% to 8.01 % for the 3-lobes cultivar and 4.82% to 8.31% for big- local tomato cultivar. Tomatoes with higher solid content are desirable for longer shelf life of the fruits. The mean solid contents of the tomatoes between those ripened on the field and those subjected to postharvest (ambient temperature) ripening technique differ significantly to the extreme (P<0.01 but P<0.05 for the light red stages in both cultivars), except at the pink stage of the 3-lobes cultivar (P�0.05), with higher values obtained in the former. The sourness and sweetness indices (pH, titratable acidity and reducing sugar content) differ significantly (P<0.05) when the tomatoes were ripened under field and postharvest (ambient temperature) conditions. Higher pH values obtained for those ripened under postharvest technique are undesirable to tomato industries, since the more alkaline pH implies a greater heating time required in processing such tomatoes. The mean differences in the lycopene concentrations between the two ripening methods range between 3.92 to 6.79 µg per g fresh tomato weight and 0.68 to 6. 37µg per g in 3-lobes cultivar and big-local cultivars respectively. These differences are extremely significant (P<0.01) The mean differences of the β-carotene contents, pro- vitamin A index, of the tomato fruits (0.51 to 3.71 and 0.76 to 4.72 µg per g fresh tomato weight in 3- lobes and big-local respectively) are relatively higher in the tomatoes ripened on the field than those ripened under postharvest condition and significant. Consumption of 200g of fully-ripe tomatoes of 3- lobes and big-local cultivars provides about 9.7% and 10.5% of the average daily recommendation of 25.2mg of lycopene per day in Canadian diet while equivalents amount could only be acquired by consuming higher quantities of tomatoes ripened at ambient temperature.
Effects of base flow modifications on noise amplifications: flow past a backward-facing step

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StrokeNet: A Neural Painting Environment

We’ve seen tremendous success of image generating models these years. Generating images through a neural network is usually pixel-based, which is fundamentally different from how humans create artwork using brushes. To imitate human drawing, interactions between the environment and the agent is required to allow trials. However, the environment is usually non-differentiable, leading to slow convergence and massive computation. In this paper we try to address the discrete nature of software environment with an intermediate, differentiable simulation. We present StrokeNet, a novel model where the agent is trained upon a wellcrafted neural approximation of the painting environment. With this approach, our agent was able to learn to write characters such as MNIST digits faster than reinforcement learning approaches in an unsupervised manner. Our primary contribution is the neural simulation of a real-world environment. Furthermore, the agent trained with the emulated environment is able to directly transfer its skills to real-world software. 1
Sponge Species Richness and Abundance as Indicators of Mangrove Epibenthic Community Health

In the Caribbean Sea, sponges are diverse and common colonizers of subtidal mangrove substrates such as aerial roots and peat banks. On the other hand, few species are widely distributed, whereas the majority is rare. Biodiversity studies should therefore cover appropriately sized survey areas to allow the encounter with species that have low population densities. h the characterization of sponge population structure at specific sites, it is preferable to use a large number of short transects rather than a few long ones. Trials conducted at mangrove islands on the southern Belize barrier reef platform show that surveying multiple transects of 15-20 m length along the fkinge of tidal channels (covering 50-70 stilt roots) reveal more than 90% of the epibiont species present at each site. We found that the majority of the widely distributed species are among the most frequent colonizers and their abundance, with the exception of a few, is maintained over at least a six-year period. Sponge species richness can serve as a bioindicator of subtidal community health as long as there are baseline data to determine its variation over time. However, this method is not suitable for comparing geographically distant mangrove systems. Common and widely distributed mangrove species, such as Haliclona manglaris, H. curacaoensis, H. implexiformis, Mycale magniraphidiphera, Clathria venosa, and Geodiapapyracea, and other generalist species, notably Tedania ignis, Hyrtios proteus, Spongia tubulifera, Chondrilla nucula, Mycale microsigmatosa, and Scopalina ruetzleri, may best reflect changes in the environmental conditions at particular sites. The families Chalinidae, order Haplosclerida (six Haliclona spp. and two Chalinula spp.), and Mycalidae, order Poecilosclerida (four Mycale spp.), include the most diversified taxa among mangrove sponge populations. Up to 20 percent of mangrove roots at Twin Cays harbored two or three Haliclona species each, whereas Mycale species were common but rarely two co-occurred on the same root. These families, in particular, are being investigated for their suitability as bio-indicators of mangrove health by evaluating changes in their population dynamics and responses to natural and anthropogenic ecological stress conditions.
Piece Rates, Fixed Wages and Incentives: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Data from a field experiment conducted within a tree-planting firm are used to estimate the gain in productivity that is realized when workers are paid piece rates rather than fixed wages. The experiment provides daily observations on individual worker productivity under both piece rates and fixed wages. ANOVA methods are used to estimate the incentive effect to be 20%. Since planting conditions potentially affect the incentive effect, structural econometric methods are used to generalize the experimental results to out-of-sample conditions. The structural model suggests that the average incentive effect outside of the experimental conditions would be at least 21.7%
Machine Learning and Conflict Prediction: A Use Case

For at least the last two decades, the international community in general and the United Nations specifically have attempted to develop robust, accurate and effective conflict early warning system for conflict prevention. One potential and promising component of integrated early warning systems lies in the field of machine learning. This paper aims at giving conflict analysis a basic understanding of machine learning methodology as well as to test the feasibility and added value of such an approach. The paper finds that the selection of appropriate machine learning methodologies can offer substantial improvements in accuracy and performance. It also finds that even at this early stage in testing machine learning on conflict prediction, full models offer more predictive power than simply using a prior outbreak of violence as the leading indicator of current violence. This suggests that a refined data selection methodology combined with strategic use of machine learning algorithms could indeed offer a significant addition to the early warning toolkit. Finally, the paper suggests a number of steps moving forward to improve upon this initial test methodology.