Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experience Expectations of Prospective Volunteer Tourists

The purpose of this article is to use expectancy theory (which suggests that a travel experience that meets or exceeds tourists’ expectations will be viewed positively) to explore the experience expectations and preferences of prospective volunteer tourists (voluntourists). Survey research is implemented to investigate the experience expectations of potential volunteer tourists and considers aspects of expectations that differentiate various groups. Findings indicate that the primary expectation held by respondents in general is the provision of trip-related information. A primary differentiating experience attribute among potential volunteers is the amount of contact people expect to have with residents. The intensity level of physical or emotional demands is also a differentiator. Information from this study can be useful for volunteer tour operators, NGOs, and community stakeholders in the design of a variety of volunteer tourism experiences that can meet the needs of diverse travelers.
Behind the Differentiation of Suburban Development in the Hinterland of Bratislava, Slovakia

Several tendencies seem to indicate that in the hinterland of Bratislava specifi c new residential zones are forming with a different socio-economic structure. This article analyses the hinterland of Bratislava from various perspectives of suburban development. The selection of variables covers the origin of in-migrants and their economic activity, education, and family status. Indicators of land use, housing construction, and property prices supplement these data. The data are processed based on a factorial ecology approach, which tries to discover the basic dimensions of the socio-spatial structure, and cluster analysis. Using these methods the authors identify similar clusters and categorise individual municipalities into relatively homogeneous units—suburban development types. The results lead to a number of very interesting fi ndings. The same types of suburban municipalities are not arranged in concentric zones, which means that the factor of distance from the city does not play a prominent role. The prevailing factor is the sectorial structure, which refl ects the different levels of attractiveness municipalities hold for different socio-economic groups of in-migrants. This article seeks to identify key factors that affect the formation of individual suburban zones and thus contributes to a better understanding of the processes that decisively shape the socio-spatial organisation of hinterlands in post-socialist cities today.
Gyrokinetic simulations of turbulent transport in JET-like plasmas

In this work turbulent transport in JET-like plasma discharges is analyzed, with main emphasis on impurity transport driven by ITG/TEM modes. Gyrokinetic (GK) simulations are performed using the GENE code [1, 2], in both quasilinear (QL) and nonlinear (NL) mode,1 and the results are compared with a computationally efficient fluid model [3, 4]. Particle transport is quantified by locally finding density gradients (R/Ln ) that yield zero particle flux, signifying a balance between convective and diffusive transport. The impact of the magnetic equilibrium (circular, s − α and realistic magnetic geometry) on the various models is discussed, as well as the effects of collisionality (in both fluid and GK) and the inclusion of a (2%) Carbon background (in GK), as per JET CFC wall conditions. The effect of sheared toroidal rotation was also investigated and found to be important, although not for the particular JET discharge studied in this work.
Fuzzy Fast Time Simulation Model of Ship's Manoeuvring

The paper presents a concept of fuzzy FTS (fast time simulation) model of twin-screw ship manoeuvring autonomously (without tugs) in confined waters. The conceptual model has been based on the fuzzy logic controller with expert database formed by manoeuvres obtained from the real-time nonautonomous trials classified in relation to expert manoeuvre impact on ship’s advance, lateral and rotation speed and her position in reference to the present ship status. Exemplary pitch controller for vessels with two propellers at specified hydro-meteorological conditions has been presented.
ShaPe Social change

This article, inspired by the recent restructuring of social dialogue in Poland, reflects on the role played by neo-corporatist institutions in the country, with specific reference to their capacity to influence (or not) the approach, contents and implementation of labour policies and, therefore, affect social change. For this purpose, it presents the findings of a case study focused on the sub-national level of regulation and conducted in the region of Lower Silesia, within the framework of the Airmulp project. The analysis which relies on mixed methods, including the analysis of statistical data, the review of official documents, and interviews with key informants reveals that regional social dialogue is not likely to produce substantial outcomes and is, most feasibly, a means for building consensus on neo-liberal policies from the bottom up.
Palm heart extraction in Zahamena, Eastern Madagascar.

an important traditional food source to many peoples in tropical countries since time immemorial. Economic globalisation and modernisation of agriculture has, however, even in remote areas, led to the substitution of many wild products, such as palm hearts, with a small number of intensively cultivated products (Bates 1988). As a consequence, palm heart extraction has been abandoned in some places, while in other places it has been upgraded to a large scale commercial operation (Orlande et al. 1996). At the same time, natural stands, which serve as the basis for subsistence extraction and/or commercial use, are declining in many places due to overexploitation or habitat degradation (Orlande et al. 1996). It is therefore uncertain how large the contribution of palm hearts to local and global agriculture will be in the future. This also holds true in Madagascar, which houses an extraordinarily rich palm flora. More than 170 different species of palms are native to the island, mainly to its moist eastern regions. Of these 97% are endemic to Madagascar (Dransfield & Beentje 1995) and many species are found only in very restricted areas. This makes the Malagasy palm flora especially vulnerable to extinction. The main threat stems from the clearing of primary forest for agriculture, a process taking place at an alarming rate (Green & Sussman 1990). At the same time overexploitation of some species is reducing the remaining populations to unsustainably low levels (Dransfield & Beentje 1995). Extraction of palm hearts for food is still PALMS Byg & Balslev: Palm Heart Extraction Volume 47(1) 2003
Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts: An Overview

Unemployment insurance and job protection regulations provide assistance to those who face unemployment. Unemployment insurance seems more desirable, since it does not harm flexibility in the labour markets, but it entails a moral hazard risk. Making the unemployment insurance voluntary and private would create more problems related mostly to the nature of the unemployment risk and to asymmetric information. Instead, it would sound more desirable to improve the design of unemployment insurance in a way that it would protect the individuals without harming flexibility and incentives for job seekers and job owners. Against this background, Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts (UISA) have been proposed by a number of scholars. This paper provides a literature review of the theoretical properties of the UISA and analyses the current experience of Chile. It then investigates the similarities and differences between this UISA system and the severance payment savings account reforms recently implemented in Austria and Colombia. In light of both the theoretical and the practical perspectives, the UISA seem a valuable option, since they provide insurance without excessively harming the incentives of the individuals, offering security without impeding the flexibility in the labour markets.
Content of Conjugated Linoleic Acid ( CLA ) and Trans Isomers of C 18 : 1 and C 18 : 2 Acids in Fresh and Stored Fermented Milks Produced with Selected Starter Cultures

Paszczyk B. , Brandt W. , Łuczyńska J. (2016): Content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans isomers of C18:1 and C18:2 acids in fresh and stored fermented milks produced with selected starter cultures. Czech J. Food Sci., 34: 391–396. The effect of the applied starter cultures and storage time of fermented milk drinks on the content of cis-9, trans-11 octadecadienoic acid (CLA), as well as trans isomers of C18:1 and C18:2 acids were evaluated. The analysed fermented milk drinks were produced by the thermostat method and with three different starter cultures. Analyses were carried out for freshly produced fermented milk drinks and for stored drinks (analyses after 6, 13, and 21 days of storage). The study demonstrated that the type of applied starter culture and storage time affected the content of CLA and of trans isomers of C18:1 acid in fermented milk drinks. Among the starter cultures applied, only the Ceska-star Y508 culture caused a significant increase in CLA content in the stored fermented milk drinks. The mean content of CLA in fresh drinks reached to 3.60 mg/g fat. The significantly higher CLA contents (3.85 and 3.89 mg/g fat) were found in drinks after 6 and 13 days of storage, respectively. The content of trans isomers of C18:1 acid in fresh products was 15.92 mg/g fat. In drinks analysed after 6 days of storage it was 17.14 mg/g fat.
Organic acids and sugar compositions of some loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica L.) grown in Turkey

In this study, organic acids and sugar compositions of some important loquat cultivars grown in Turkey were determined. Fifteen loquat cultivars were analyzed and there were significant differences in all determined quality parameters between the loquat cultivars. The minimum and maximum oxalic, tartaric, malic, citric and succinic acids content of the samples were found as; 14.96 (Ottowiani)-26.57 (Uzun Cukurgobek), 40.88 (Kanro)-89.54 (Ottowiani), 368.56 (Champeigne De Grasse)-842.49 (Taza), 6.24 (Gold Nugget)-14.71 (Sayda) and 10.39 (Madam Maria)-28.68 mg kg -1 (Akko XIII) respectively. Among the varieties, Champaigne De Grasse contained the highest fructose (7.48%) and glucose (5.45%) content while Gold Nugget had the lowest glucose (5.92%) and Taza has the lowest fructose content (3.88%).
The rise of an international market for executive labour

This paper explores the rise of an international market for top management team members in Europe, identifying patterns and trends, and exploring the antecedents to the emergence of TMT nationality diversity. We analyse a panel dataset of large European non-financial firms based in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. This dataset consists of more than 7000 individual observations of executives' nationalities at the year-ends of 2005, 2004, 2002, and 2000. We find that over this period Swiss, Dutch, and Finnish firms stepped up the hiring of foreign top executives, while Danish and Norwegian firms employed a lower percentage of foreign top managers. We identify some key antecedents to top management team internationalisation, most notably firms' executive compensation and foreign ownership levels.
South Atlantic response to El Niño-Southern Oscillation induced climate variability in an ocean general circulation model

[1] The response of the South Atlantic Ocean to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated by means of an ocean general circulation model (ORCA2) forced with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalyses for the 1948–1999 period. Seasonal ENSO composites suggest that the ENSO-induced wind anomalies play a major role in driving upper ocean temperatures by altering the net surface heat fluxes, the meridional Ekman heat transport, and Ekman pumping. Model diagnostics indicate that the Ekman heat transport changes are in better agreement with the upper ocean temperature anomalies during the first half of the ENSO event whereas, in the latter half, the surface heat flux anomalies agree better. In general, the atmospheric forcing tends to lead to a coherent ocean response with a time lag of about one season. Subsurface temperatures evolve more slowly in response to ENSO forcing than the upper ocean. They receive time-filtered ENSO signals from mainly Ekman pumping (suction) and variations in thermocline depth that result in the poleward and equatorward margins of the subtropical gyre exhibiting temperature anomalies of the same sign but opposite to those in the central regions of the gyre.
Item and Order Maintenance 1 Maintenance of Item and Order Information in Verbal Working Memory

Although verbal recall of item and order information is well-researched in short-term memory paradigms, there is relatively little research concerning item and order recall from working memory. The following study examined whether manipulating the opportunity for attentional refreshing and articulatory rehearsal in a complex span task differently affected the recall of itemand order-specific information of the memoranda. Five experiments varied the opportunity for articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing in a complex span task, but the type of recall was manipulated between experiments (item and order, order only, and item only recall). The results showed that impairing attentional refreshing and articulatory rehearsal similarly affected recall regardless of whether the scoring procedure (Experiment 1 and 4) or recall requirements (Experiments 2, 3, and 5) reflected itemor order-specific recall. This implies that both mechanisms sustain the maintenance of item and order information, and suggests that the common cumulative functioning of these two mechanisms to maintain items could be at the root of order maintenance.
Diversity of Ilyonectria species in a young vineyard affected by black foot disease

Fungi of the Ilyonectria genus are the main causal agents of black foot disease of grapevine. These pathogens cause necrosis in the basal end of the rootstock, leading to the early decline and the death of vines in nurseries and young vineyards. In the present study a collection of isolates of the genus Ilyonectria obtained from a vineyard located in the Alentejo region, Portugal, was characterised. This vineyard was established with planting material originating from three different nurseries. To assess the inter- and intra-specific variability among isolates, morphological, cultural and biomolecular characteristics were evaluated. Morpho-cultural and molecular data (RAPD and ISSR markers and histone H3 nucleotide sequence) identified I. estremocensis , I. europaea , I. liriodendri , I. macrodidyma , I. torresensis , I. vitis and “ Cylindrocarpon ” pauciseptatum . Ilyonectria torresensis was the most common species found in the survey, representing more than 50% of the isolates.
Effect of irradiance and nitrate levels on the relationship between gross photosynthesis and electron transport rate in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa

La relacion entre la fotosintesis bruta (FB) y la tasa de transporte electronico (TTE) en algas marinas varia en funcion de la irradiancia; sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre el efecto de la concentracion de nutrientes sobre la relacion entre FB y TTE en fanerogamas marinas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la concentracion de nitrato sobre la relacion FB (determinada como evolucion de O2) vs TTE (estimada mediante analisis de fluorescencia) en la fanerogama marina Cymodoceanodosa de la costa del Mediterraneo espanol. Los niveles de carbono en el tejido incrementaron 6.5% cuando el nitrato del medio aumento de 0 a 100 µM. En contraste, los niveles de nitrogeno en el tejido aumentaron mas de 60% cuando los niveles de nitrato alcanzaron 100 µM. Los niveles de clorofila a + b incrementaron aproximadamente 30%, mientras que la absorptancia aumento 15% cuando el nitrato aumento de 0 a 100 µM. En general, los valores de fotosintesis maxima (O2) y los valores de TTE maxima incrementaron cuando los niveles de nitrato aumentaron en el medio. La relacion entre FB y TTE no mostro una respuesta lineal a bajas concentraciones de nitrato en el medio y a altas irradiancias. En contraste, una relacion lineal fue observada cuando los niveles de nitrato fueron mayores a 50 µM, aun a altas irradiancias. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la falta de correlacion entre FB y TTE es el resultado de los bajos niveles de nitrogeno en el tejido de macrofitos marinos. Los resultados sugieren tambien que fluctuaciones estacionales de los niveles de nitrato o pulsos de nitrogeno, como los observados durante eventos de surgencia, podrian afectar la relacion entre FB y TTE en C. nodosa y otras macrofitos marinos
A Survey of Game Usability Practices in Northern European Game Companies

In today’s heavily competitive game market, it has become very important to make a game that stands out from the other games. Even though the game design might not be very unique, a game can still offer a better playing experience by having a better usability than a similar game with worse usability. The human-computer interaction research could provide game companies with the practical tools and methods needed to improve the game usability. This study investigates the views of the Northern European game companies on the concept of game usability, the extent to which the game companies utilize usability methods, and the methods they use. Data from two surveys conducted in Northern European game companies were analyzed; the unit of analysis of the survey data was company. The respondents – professionals with different roles in game development – regarded usability as a broad concept and rated it as having high importance in games. Game companies used multitude of usability methods, but these methods and their usage have not stabilized. Surprisingly, only a few game companies used heuristic evaluation, mostly employing in-house game usability heuristics.
Does Trade Liberalization Lead to Unemployment? Theory and Evidence

Exporting firms are larger and more productive than non-exporting firms. Trade openness leads to an increase in intra-industry firm turnover. As trade is liberalized, large firms need more labor to produce and small firms exit, leading to a reallocation of labor from the former to the latter. This mechanism leads to welfare gains as aggregate productivity is increased. This paper identifies another consequence of this transmission channel when labor market search frictions are introduced. I merge the Melitz (2003) model of intra-industry reallocations with the large firm model from Pissarides (2000) and find that an increase in trade exposure generates more job destruction than creation. Finally I test the model predictions by applying GMM panel data methods to US sectoral job flows. The empirical findings confirm the theoretical results.
The Contribution of Agricultural Cooperatives on Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of Marvdasht, Iran

The major objective of this paper is to emphasize the roles of agricultural cooperatives on poverty reduction in Marvdasht, Iran. Agricultural cooperatives can be significant economic players that contribute to sustained economic growth. The cooperatives provide the opportunity for poor farmers to raise their incomes and they are democracies empowering rural people to own their own solutions. The findings of this study found that agricultural cooperatives activities are seasonal and limits to provide some goods and services for farmers. This study also indicates some of the barriers of agricultural cooperatives in rural area of Marvdasht, Iran. (Fatemeh Allahdadi. The contribution of agricultural cooperatives in poverty reduction: A case study of Marvdasht, Iran. Journal of American Science 2011;7(4):22-25). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org .
A New Approach to the Lebesgue-Radon-Nikodym Theorem. with respect to Weighted p-adic Invariant Integral on ℤ p

We will give a new proof of the Lebesgue-Radon-Nikodym theorem with respect to weighted p-adic q-measure on , using Mahler expansion of continuous functions, studied by the authors in 2012. In the special case, q = 1, we can derive the same result as in Kim, 2012, Kim et al, 2011.
Monte Carlo studies of the IIB matrix model at large N

The low-energy effective theory of the IIB matrix model developed by H. Aoki et al. is written down explicitly in terms of bosonic variables only. The effective theory is then studied by Monte Carlo simulations in order to investigate the possibility of a spontaneous breakdown of ten-dimensional Lorentz invariance. The imaginary part of the effective action, which causes the so-called sign problem in the simulation, is dropped by hand. The extent of the eigenvalue distribution of the bosonic matrices shows a power-law large-N behavior, consistent with a simple branched-polymer prediction. We observe, however, that the eigenvalue distribution becomes more and more isotropic in the ten-dimensional space-time as we increase N. This suggests that if the spontaneous breakdown of Lorentz invariance really occurs in the IIB matrix model, a crucial role must be played by the imaginary part of the effective action.
Are the Discounts in Seasoned Equity Offers Due to Inelastic Demand?

This paper investigates the large and diverse discounts in UK open offers and placings. Large discounts are a substantial cost to shareholders who do not buy new shares. The existing literature mainly examines US firm-commitment offers and private placements. The institutional setting differs in the UK, in ways that make the theory of inelastic demand for shares more important as an explanation for discounts than in the US. The paper finds that inelastic demand, or illiquidity of the issuer's shares, and financial distress, are key determinants of the discount. We expect these results to apply to other stock markets.
Stress induced martensite at the crack tip in NiTi alloys during fatigue loading

Crack tip stress-induced phase transformation mechanisms in nickel-titanium alloys (NiTi) were analyzed by Digital Image Correlation (DIC), under fatigue loads. In particular, Single Edge Crack (SEC) specimens, obtained from a commercial pseudoelastic NiTi sheet, and an ad-hoc experimental setup were used, for direct measurements of the near crack tip displacement field by the DIC technique. Furthermore, a fitting procedure was developed to calculate the mode I Stress Intensity Factor (SIF), starting from the measured displacement field. Finally, cyclic tensile tests were performed at different operating temperature, in the range 298-338 K, and the evolution of the SIF was studied, which revealed a marked temperature dependence.