Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erratum: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Pathogenesis, Management, and Future Directions of Therapy.

1. Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Madotto F, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A, Gattinoni L, Bumbasirevic V, Piquilloud L, et al.; LUNG SAFE Investigators; ESICM Trials Group. Noninvasive ventilation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the LUNG SAFE study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;195:67–77. 2. Antonelli M, Conti G, Esquinas A, Montini L, Maggiore SM, Bello G, Rocco M, Maviglia R, Pennisi MA, Gonzalez-Diaz G, et al. A multiple-center survey on the use in clinical practice of noninvasive ventilation as a first-line intervention for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:18–25. 3. Thille AW, Contou D, Fragnoli C, Córdoba-Izquierdo A, Boissier F, Brun-Buisson C. Non-invasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: intubation rate and risk factors. Crit Care 2013;17: R269. 4. Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A, Gattinoni L, van Haren F, Larsson A, McAuley DF, et al.; LUNG SAFE Investigators; ESICM Trials Group. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA 2016;315:788–800. 5. Groves N, Tobin A. High flow nasal oxygen generates positive airway pressure in adult volunteers. Aust Crit Care 2007;20:126–131. 6. Papazian L, Corley A, Hess D, Fraser JF, Frat JP, Guitton C, Jaber S, Maggiore SM, Nava S, Rello J, et al. Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation in ICU adults: a narrative review. Intensive Care Med 2016;42:1336–1349.
Employing an amphipathic viral peptide to create a lipid bilayer on Au and TiO2.

Supported lipid bilayers formed by the fusion of small unilamellar vesicles onto SiO2 or organic film-modified surfaces serve as model membranes in both scientific research and practical applications. Here, we describe the use of an amphipathic α-helical viral peptide derived from the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein (AH peptide) to destabilize the vesicles leading to lipid bilayer formation on gold and TiO2 solid substrates. Whereas previous researchers have been limited in their selection of surface materials for lipid biomembranes, the use of such peptides as destabilizing agents will allow the freedom to choose a broader variety of solid substrates to support planar bilayers. In particular, the favorable electrical properties of gold and the beneficial biocompatibility of TiO2 make these substrates attractive. The formation of model lipid bilayers supported on gold and TiO2 substrates can be utilized in many membrane-associated biological, physiological, or electrochemical applications with the advantag.
EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR PRIMARY PSEUDOPHAKIC OR APHAKIC RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENTIncidence and outcomes

Purpose: To compare outcomes of eyes that did or did not develop an epiretinal membrane (ERM) after repair of primary pseudophakic or aphakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment by pars plana vitrectomy alone. Methods: Interventional, prospective, consecutive case series. Of 312 consecutive eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 28 (8.97%) developed ERM during the postoperative period. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and fundus examinations were performed 1 month and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Results: Eyes with an ERM more often had a break at the equator (odds ratio, 3.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–11.2; P < 0.011). At ERM diagnosis, BCVA ranged from 20/400 to 20/25 with a mean of 20/100 (0.75 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), and BCVA at the final visit ranged from 20/200 to 20/25 with a mean of 20/63 (0.53 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution). Of the 22 eyes that underwent surgical removal of the ERM, BCVA was ≥20/40 in 5 (22.7%) before the surgical procedure and in 13 (59%) at the final follow-up visit. Conclusion: The incidence of ERM after pars plana vitrectomy alone for the repair of primary pseudophakic or aphakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was similar to reported incidences after scleral buckling. Best-corrected visual acuity improved after surgical removal of ERM, although eyes with the macula detached had lower final BCVA.
Entrustable professional activities for gastroenterology fellowship training

T he development of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for gastroenterology (GI) fellowship training has followed a model engagement of 5 GI societies (American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases [AASLD], American College of Gastroenterology [ACG], American Gastroenterological Association [AGA], American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society [ANMS], and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy [ASGE]) to work collaboratively toward the development of a committee called the Oversight Working Network (OWN). A sixth GI society (North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition. [NASPGHAN]) helped provide direction and feedback throughout the process; in addition, the committee had representation from the GI Program Directors Caucus from the beginning of the project, with input and feedback from the GI Program Directors Caucus Steering Committee and the governing boards and education and training committees of the societies before finalization. The acronym “OWN” clearly confirms the strong belief of the societies that we need to take charge of the educational components of our subspecialty and ensure that the needs of our trainees, program directors, and educators are met. The OWN product is intended to support the need to complete the reporting milestone requirement of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Reporting milestones are a key component of the Next Accreditation System (NAS) and will be a required component of fellow and program evaluation. All internal medicine (IM) subspecialty societies have agreed to accept a common set of reporting milestones, which were released by the ACGME in February 2014. These were developed for subspecialties in IM based on the IM Reporting Milestones and were further reviewed and revised with input from all subspecialty societies, including those in gastroenterology and hepatology. It should be noted that hepatology is included in general GI fellowship training, and therefore the EPAs by consensus are referred to as EPAs for gastroenterology. This will help differentiate other efforts in the creation of EPAs for transplant hepatology. The OWN project supports a transforming paradigm in medical education toward competency-based medical education, which focuses on the desired outcomes of training rather than a timeor process-based curriculum that does not ensure attainment of competency. Moving forward, the standard for educational assessment will support this competency concept, which has been evolving in graduate medical education (GME) since 2000 (Table 1) with the development of the 6 core competencies (Table 2). This will ensure that all trainees are competent in all defined areas before certification for independent practice. The OWN timeline is shown in Table 3, and the assignments of the topics to the societies are listed in Table 4. Thirteen EPAs were identified by OWN and linked with observable behaviors and objectives. A
Energy restriction initiated at different gestational ages has varying effects on maternal weight gain and pregnancy outcome in common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)

With relatively high fertility and short lifespan, marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) may become useful primate models of prenatal nutritional effects on birth condition and adult disease risk. The present study determined the effects of energy restriction to 75% of expected ad libitum consumption during mid- (day 66) or late (day 99) gestation on maternal weight, fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes in this species. Mid-restriction reliably induced the loss of pregnancy before term, at 92 d, on average. Of the late-restricted pregnancies, four of seven were normal term length while three were preterm deliveries, at 101, 117 and 132 d. Control females had a mean mid-pregnancy weight gain of 0·67 g/d while mid-restricted females lost −0·65 g/d, on average. Control pregnancies averaged a 1·06 g/d gain during late pregnancy, while energy-restricted females lost −0·67 g/d, on average. Restriction-related weight change was highly variable, ranging from +0·55 to −2·56 g/d for mid-restriction pregnancies and from +0·79 to −3·91 g/d for late-restriction pregnancies. For mid-restriction pregnancies, the number of restriction days was best explained by linear weight change and total weight loss while the number of restriction days in late pregnancy was best explained by linear weight change alone. In late-restriction pregnancies, smaller females had higher daily weight losses. Restrictions did not induce litter-size reduction or growth restriction in those infants that were delivered at term but the size of aborted fetuses suggested that at least some pregnancies lost preterm may have involved impaired intra-uterine growth.
Factor VII/VIIa: a new antigen in the anti‐phospholipid antibody syndrome

Summary. We investigated antibodies to factor VII/VIIa (FVII/VIIa) and five other common target antigens in 33 patients with a history of anti‐phospholipid syndrome (APS) and 50 healthy controls using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. We found that antibody to FVII/VIIa, a previously unrecognized and common antigen in APS, was present in 67% of patients. Frequencies of antibodies to other target antigens were: anti‐beta‐2 glycoprotein 1 (anti‐β2GP1), 88%; anti‐cardiolipin (anti‐CL), 76%; anti‐phosphatidylethanolamine (anti‐PE), 67%; anti‐phosphatidylserine (anti‐PS), 64%; and anti‐phosphatidylcholine (anti‐PC), 59%. Most patients had antibodies against multiple antigens, but a few were positive for only anti‐β2GP1 (12%) or anti‐CL (3%). Positivity for anti‐FVII/VIIa was significantly associated with positivity for anti‐PE, anti‐PS and/or anti‐PC (P < 0·05) but not anti‐β2GP1. When frequencies of immunoglobulin G (IgG) versus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were compared, anti‐β2GP1 IgG correlated with the lupus anticoagulant (P < 0·05) and was significantly more prevalent than IgM, but the reverse was seen for all other antigens. In arterial thrombosis, IgM was more prevalent for all antigens, and was significantly associated with FVII/VIIa, PE and PS, whereas in venous thrombosis, IgG was frequently prevalent, especially in association with FVII/VIIa, β2GP1 and CL. In summary, FVII/VIIa is a new and common antigen in APS. Anti‐FVII/VIIa is often associated with anti‐PE, anti‐PS and anti‐PC. The IgM class is more frequently associated with arterial thrombosis and the IgG class with venous thrombosis.
3'-end-dependent formation of U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei

We have identified and characterized a U6 small nuclear (sn) ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) present in the nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes. The structure of this U6 snRNP was investigated by native gel shift analysis and a combination of RNA-protein UV cross-linking, RNase T1 fingerprinting, and immunoprecipitation assays. These analyses demonstrate that certain forms of U6 snRNA associate with the 50-kDa nuclear antigen La both in vivo and in vitro. The La protein binds the stretch of uridylates at the 3' hydroxyl end of newly synthesized U6 snRNA. La does not bind to mature U6 snRNAs that have 2',3'-cyclic phosphate (greater than p) groups at their 3' ends (E. Lund and J. E. Dahlberg, Science 255:327-330, 1992) or to U6 snRNAs in anti-Sm-precipitable U4/U6 snRNPs. We propose that 3'-end modification, including posttranscriptional UMP addition, modulates the binding of La protein to U6 snRNA which, in turn, may affect the function of this RNA.
Characterization of pilQ, a new gene required for the biogenesis of type 4 fimbriae in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Type 4 fimbriae are produced by a variety of pathogens, in which they appear to function in adhesion to epithelial cells, and in a form of surface translocation called twitching motility. Using transposon mutagenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we have identified a new locus required for fimbrial assembly. This locus contains the gene pilQ which encodes a 77 kDa protein with an N‐terminal hydro‐phobic signal sequence characteristic of secretory proteins, pilQ mutants lack the spreading colony morphology characteristic of twitching motility, are devoid of fimbriae, and are resistant to the fimbrial‐specific bacteriophage PO4. The pilQ gene was mapped to Spel fragment 2, which is located at 0–5 minutes on the P. aeruginosa PAO1 chromosome, and thus it is not closely linked to the previously characterized pilA‐D, pilS,R or pilT genes. The pilQ region also contains ponA, aroK and aroB‐like genes in an organization very similar to that of corresponding genes in Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. The predicted amino acid sequence of PilQ shows homology to the PulD protein of Kleb‐siella oxytoca and related outer membrane proteins which have been found in association with diverse functions in other species including protein secretion, DNA uptake and assembly of filamentous phage. PilQ had the highest overall homology to an outer membrane antigen from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, encoded by omc, that may fulfil the same role in type 4 fimbrial assembly in this species.
Antifungal susceptibility testing of few medicinal plant extracts against Aspergillus spp. and Microsporum sp.

Article history: Received on: 05/07/2013 Revised on: 09/08/2013 Accepted on: 31/08/2013 Available online: 18/09/2013 Mycoses are fungal infections, the incidence of which in immunocompromised patients is currently devastating and the drugs available at hand are reported to exhibit side effects. To surmount the prevailing difficulty of complete eradication of the fungal infection, exploring new arena is a requisite and nature’s wealth can be one area that may lead to a cure for fungal infections. In the present study, the whole methanolic extracts of few medicinal plants were evaluated against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum isolated from the soil. Enicostemma littorale and Wrightia tinctoria exhibited significant (P<0.001) inhibition of about 48% against A. niger. Eupatorium odoratum inhibited both A. fumigatus (52%) and A.flavus (32%) whereas Enicostemma littorale showed about 54% of significant (P<0.05) inhibition against A. fumigatus. Significant inhibition of M. gypseum was exhibited only by Sphaeranthus indicus flower extracts (65% at P<0.05) which was even higher than the inhibition exhibited by positive control ketaconazole (49%) at 0.1 mg/ml concentration. This study demonstrates that among the medicinal plants evaluated E.littorale, W.tinctoria, E.odoratum and S.indicus flower exhibited significant antifungal activity against the tested organisms.
Interactions between ascorbic acid and bacteria.

This review seeks to collect the available information about the relations between ascorbic acid and bacteria, and to examine this information in the light of the known properties of ascorbic acid and its behavior in plant and animal metabolism. We have not considered other microorganisms, i.e. viruses, yeasts and molds. Questions of the implications towards therapeutic practice and infection studies with experimental animals have also been excluded. Our concern is only with the relations of ascorbic acid to bacterial metabolism. Even with this limitation, for the sake of brevity we have been forced to omit reference to a considerable proportion of the papers on this topic because they make little or no significant contribution to our knowledge. We believe we have covered the earlier literature fairly thoroughly, so that a paper not mentioned here may be presumed to be of this sort.
Performance of the Aptima HIV-1 RNA Qualitative Assay with 16- and 32-Member Specimen Pools

ABSTRACT The Aptima HIV-1 RNA qualitative assay tested with a WHO-approved HIV type 1 RNA standard in 16- and 32-member pools detected 100% of the pools (1,070 and 2,130 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml/pool, respectively), thus exceeding the FDA-required lower limit of detection. The Aptima test can be used to screen for acute-phase HIV infection.
Inflammatory infiltrates in sural nerve biopsies in Guillain‐Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy

Prompted by observations in experimental autoimmune neuritis we reanalyzed immunohistochemically the inflammatory infiltrates in sural nerve biopsies of 22 cases with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) and 13 cases with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Endoneurial infiltration of CD3+ T cells was found in 20 cases of GBS (median 5.5 cells/mm2) and in 10 cases of CIDP (5 cells). Epineurial T cells were present in all GBS cases (19.5 cells) and in 11 CIDP cases (21 cells). CD68+ macrophages were abundant in these neuropathies and often occurred in endoneurial perivascular clusters. In GBS subgroups the number of endoneurial T cells was significantly higher in patients with hypoesthesia and abnormal electrophysiological findings in the sural nerve. In CIDP hypoesthesia was associated with significantly higher numbers of macrophages. Our study also indicates that other factors including the time point of biopsy or previous corticosteroid treatment may influence the inflammatory cell profile. Quantifying cell infiltration may aid in establishing the diagnosis of an immunoneuropathy in patients with mild and noncharacteristic pathology. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Designing for Mixed Wettability

In this paper we describe a technique based on radio frequency plasma treatment in H2O vapour to reproducibly clean and modify the surface energy of clastic and carbonate core material allowing the establishment of well defined wettability conditions. We present micro-tomographic observations of the pore-scale fluid distributions in strongly water wet clastic and carbonate cores. We then establish mixed-wet states in the same cores using controlled hydrophobation. Micro-tomography is again used to reveal the three-dimensional geometry and topology of water and oil wet regions. The tomographic data shows that under water wet conditions at intermediate saturations larger pores are predominantly oil filled while smaller pores remain water wet. We perform displacement experiments using clastic and carbonate cores at well defined wettability conditions and report measurements of resistivity index. These methodologies may provide insight into the role of rock microstructure and surface energy variability in determining recovery and production characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs.
Enhancing inpatient rehabilitation through the engagement of patients and nurses.

AIM This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe nurses' knowledge, experiences and perceptions of a rehabilitation nursing practice development project conducted in their workplace. BACKGROUND Several studies over the past two decades have led to increasing clarity about the nursing role in rehabilitation. Practice development is a useful vehicle for using the findings of such studies to enhance person-centred practice in rehabilitation settings. METHOD This qualitative study, in which grounded theory informed data collection and analysis, involved interviews with 21 nurses working in an inpatient rehabilitation unit in Australia about their knowledge, experiences and perceptions of a rehabilitation nursing practice development project conducted in their workplace. The three rounds of interviews were conducted as follows: 1) December 2005-January 2006; 2) June-July 2006; and 3) October 2006. FINDINGS Practice development was an effective vehicle for developing rehabilitation nursing practice. While collaboration and leadership were critical to the effectiveness of the project, the use of a clinically credible practice development facilitator and a focus on the development of collective nursing practice also seem to have been important. Through the introduction of new activities, both patient and nurse engagement in rehabilitation was enhanced and, as a consequence, the nurses developed a deeper appreciation of their role in rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Carefully and collaboratively designed and sensitively implemented work-based practice development initiatives can change the context and culture of inpatient care. The use of a facilitator with relevant clinical nursing expertise to engage staff individually and collectively with research findings and to reflect on their practice and skill development is worth exploring in similar initiatives.
Gibberellin A3 Induced Histological and Histochemical Alterations in the Liver of Albino Rats

Gibberellin A 3 (GA 3 ) is a plant growth regulator used in many countries, including Egypt, to accelerate the growth of fruits and vegetables. The present work was conducted to investigate the histopathological and histochemical effects of GA 3 on the liver of albino rats. Administration of GA 3 by gavage at a dose level of 24 p.p.m. in 0.2 ml saline, 3 times a week for 3 weeks induced many histopathological changes in the liver such as cytoplasmic vacuolization of the hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei, blood vessel congestion and inflammatory leucocytic infiltrations. Histochemical observations revealed marked reduction in total carbohydrates and total protein contents in the hepatocytes. These changes proved to be time dependent. Moreover, the level of the enzymes GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase in serum were significantly decreased especially after the third week. In conclusion, the present study showed that GA 3 affected the structure and function of the rat liver.
Progesterone Prevents the Pregnancy-Related Decline in Protein Kinase A Association with Rat Myometrial Plasma Membrane and A-Kinase Anchoring Protein1

Abstract The presence of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the plasma membrane compartment and its association with an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP150) is implicated in mediating cAMP regulatory events in the rat myometrium. The association of PKA with purified myometrial plasma membrane declined gradually between Day 16 and Day 21 of gestation, with a decrease of 53% ± 11% of the catalytic subunit and of 61% ± 7% of the regulatory subunit at Day 21 compared with Day 19. To determine the role of progesterone in this association, pregnancy was prolonged by administration of progesterone or shortened by administration of the antiprogestin RU486. Progesterone treatment maintained PKA association with plasma membrane at Day 21 at 123% ± 23% (catalytic subunit) and 92% ± 4% (regulatory subunit) of Day 19 levels. In contrast, protein phosphatase 1, protein phosphatase 2B, phospholipase Cβ3, and AKAP150 concentrations in the plasma membrane did not change over this interval or with progesterone treatment. Changes in PKA coimmunoprecipitated with membrane-associated AKAP150 paralleled those in total plasma membrane on Days 19 and 21 and on Day 21 following progesterone treatment. In contrast, plasma membrane PKA catalytic and regulatory subunits decreased by 20 h after RU486 injection on Day 15 of pregnancy to levels resembling those on Day 21. These data indicate that progesterone prevents the decline in PKA associated with myometrial plasma membrane and with AKAP150 in the pregnant rat. The decrease in membrane-bound PKA between Days 19 and 21 and after RU486 treatment precedes the onset of parturition in both experimental paradigms. The loss of plasma membrane PKA may be critical for the decrease in the inhibitory effect of cAMP on oxytocin-induced phosphatidylinositide turnover that occurs near the end of pregnancy and may contribute to enhanced myometrial contractile responsiveness near term.