Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation and evolution of interstellar filaments: hints from velocity dispersion measurements

We investigate the gas velocity dispersions of a sample of filaments recently detected as part of the Herschel Gould Belt Survey in the IC 5146, Aquila, and Polaris interstellar clouds. To measure these velocity dispersions, we use 13CO, C18O, and N2H+ line observations obtained with the IRAM 30 m telescope. Correlating our velocity dispersion measurements with the filament column densities derived from Herschel data, we show that interstellar filaments can be divided into two regimes: thermally subcritical filaments, which have transonic velocity dispersions (cs ≲ σtot < 2 cs) independent of column density and are gravitationally unbound; and thermally supercritical filaments, which have higher velocity dispersions scaling roughly as the square root of column density (σtot ∝ Σ00.5) and which are self-gravitating. The higher velocity dispersions of supercritical filaments may not directly arise from supersonic interstellar turbulence but may be driven by gravitational contraction/accretion. Based on our observational results, we propose an evolutionary scenario whereby supercritical filaments undergo gravitational contraction and increase in mass per unit length through accretion of background material, while remaining in rough virial balance. We further suggest that this accretion process allows supercritical filaments to keep their approximately constant inner widths (~0.1 pc) while contracting.
Thermohaline structure, ageostrophic vertical velocity fields and phytoplankton distribution and production in the northeast Atlantic subtropical front

[1] Two oceanographic cruises were carried out in the Azores Current/Subtropical Front region in July 1997 and April 1999 to study the seasonal and mesoscale spatial variability in the relationship between the hydrodynamic characteristics of the water column and the distribution of nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, and production. Both the magnitude of chlorophyll-a values and primary production rates as well as their vertical distribution varied sharply associated with subtle changes in seasonal thermal stratification. Successive upwelling and downwelling regions were detected along the track of a cyclonic meander, with maximum ageostrophic vertical velocities of 3 m d � 1 and � 4md � 1 , respectively, at 375 dbar. Relatively high nitrate concentrations (>3.5 mM) were found associated with denser waters at the center of the meander, where the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) uplifted � 20 dbar. Chlorophyll-a concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 mg m � 3 , with slightly higher values (>0.35 mg m � 3 ) at the northern side of the current. A significant relationship was not detected between the vertical ageostrophic velocity field and nitrate and chlorophyll-a distributions, which were significantly correlated with the depth of the 16� C isotherm. Vertical advective fluxes of nitrate across the base of the DCM were about 2 orders of magnitude higher than vertical diffusive nitrate transport (� 6.6 to 3.7 mmol m � 2 d � 1 versus 0.01 to 0.07 mmol m � 2 d � 1 ). Diffusive nitrate fluxes only account for <10% of the total primary production rates measured in the region. INDEX TERMS: 4528 Oceanography: Physical: Fronts and jets; 4520 Oceanography: Physical: Eddies and mesoscale processes; 4568 Oceanography: Physical: Turbulence, diffusion, and mixing processes; 4845 Oceanography: Biological and Chemical: Nutrients and nutrient cycling; KEYWORDS: northeast Atlantic subtropical front, mesoscale variability, ageostrophic vertical circulation, vertical nutrients fluxes, phytoplankton biomass and production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��
The Security Trade-Offs in Resource Constrained Nodes for IoT Application

The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) has received much attention over the last five years. It is predicted that the IoT will influence every aspect of our lifestyles in the near future. Wireless Sensor Networks are one of the key enablers of the operation of IoTs, allowing data to be collected from the surrounding environment. However, due to limited resources, nature of deployment and unattended operation, a WSN is vulnerable to various types of attack. Security is paramount for reliable and safe communication between IoT embedded devices, but it does, however, come at a cost to resources. Nodes are usually equipped with small batteries, which makes energy conservation crucial to IoT devices. Nevertheless, security cost in terms of energy consumption has not been studied sufficiently. Previous research has used a security specification of 802.15. 4 for IoT applications, but the energy cost of each security level and the impact on quality of services (QoS) parameters remain unknown. This research focuses on the cost of security at the IoT media access control (MAC) layer. It begins by studying the energy consumption of IEEE 802.15. 4 security levels, which is followed by an evaluation for the impact of security on data latency and throughput, and then presents the impact of transmission power on security overhead, and finally shows the effects of security on memory footprint. The results show that security overhead in terms of energy consumption with a payload of 24 bytes fluctuates between 31.5% at minimum level over non-secure packets and 60.4% at the top security level of 802.15. 4 security specification. Also, it shows that security cost has less impact at longer packet lengths, and more with smaller packet size. In addition, the results depicts a significant impact on data latency and throughput. Overall, maximum authentication length decreases throughput by almost 53%, and encryption and authentication together by almost 62%.
Performance of Family and Non-family Firms with Self-Selection: Evidence from Dubai

This paper contributes to the literature on comparative performance of family and non-family businesses by accounting for self-selection and by comparing performance within and across sectors. Using an extensive data set of Dubai businesses in the four different major sectors in the Dubai economy (construction, manufacturing, services, and trading); we find that the sector matters. Family businesses outperform nonfamily businesses in trading, followed by construction as a far second. Performance of family businesses is weakest in manufacturing and services, only in trading did family businesses outperform nonfamily exporting businesses in other sectors. Reasons for that are discussed and policy implications are drawn. We also find strong evidence of self-selection bias.
Resource-Based and Institutional Perspectives on Export Channel Selection and Export Performance

Exporting is a critically important strategy for firms to grow, yet research in this area has tended to ignore how firms can leverage resource-based capabilities to improve export performance. Building on the resource-based view and institutional theory, the authors develop a novel perspective to explain how a firm can improve export performance by aligning its export channel with its level of market orientation capabilities, contingent on the institutional distance between home and export markets. Using a unique database of Chinese exporters, the authors find that exporters with strong market orientation capabilities prefer hierarchical export channels, while those with weak market orientation capabilities prefer hybrid channels. The analysis also indicates that the institutional distance between China and the export market moderates this relation. Moreover, the authors find that aligning export channel choice with firm-level market orientation capabilities and institutional distance yields better export performance.
Impact of Ecological Sanitation in Katiola , an Endemic Area of Schistosomiasis ( Ivory Coast ; West Africa )

The use of urine as fertilizer in irrigated rice in Katiola an endemic area for schistosomiasis brings us to determine the impact of the approach of ecological sanitation in the development cycle of this parasitic disease. Investigations have revealed a low prevalence in our study area. The Environmental impacts of the Ecosan Project is improvement of health by minimizing the introduction of pathogens from human community. Indeed this practice increases the pH that will contribute to the destruction of germs and inhibit the cycle development and therefore the spread of germs including schistosomes after 45 days of storage. The urine If it is recycled can eliminated the pollution and health threats.
Automatic Irish Sign Language Recognition

A deep learning approach to automatic Irish sign language recognition has not been thoroughly examined before. Two frameworks are introduced in this work: a convolutional neural network to extract spatial features and classify the 23 letters of the Irish sign language alphabet that do not incorporate motion, and a convolutional neural network with a multi-stream input channel and three-dimensional ﬁlters in order to detect spatio-temporal features and classify 8 dynamic gestures in Irish Sign Language.
Conditions for the formation of bayerite and gibbsite

Summary Aluminium hydroxide gels have been prepared by the hydrolysis of amalgamated aluminium in water and by precipitation from aluminium salt solutions with an anion exchange resin in the hydroxyl form. The products crystallizing from such gels have been examined by electron microscopy and by X-ray and electron diffraction. Bayerite crystallizes as cone or pyramid-shaped particles and gibbsite as hexagonal plates or prisms. Two types of gel are postulated. The first type, pseudoboehmite, predominates in the absence of acids, is uncharged and rapidly crystallizes to bayerite; the second type, pregibbsite gel, occurs in carboxylic acid solutions, is positively charged and, in the absence of inorganic anions, crystallizes slowly to gibbsite.
Cesium Absorption from Acidic Solutions Using Ammonium Molybdophosphate on a Polyacrylonitrile Support (AMP-PAN)

Abstract Recent effort at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) have included evaluation of cesium removal technologies as applied to ICPP acidic radioactive waste streams. Ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) immobilized on a polyacrylonitrile support (AMP-PAN) has been studied as an ion exchange agent for cesium removal from acidic waste solutions. Capacities, distribution coefficients, elutability, and kinetics of cesium extraction have been evaluated. Exchange breakthrough curves using small columns have been determined from 1M HNO3 and simulated waste solutions. The theoretical capacity of AMP is 213 g Cs/Kg AMP. The average experimental capacity in batch contacts with various acidic solutions was 150 g Cs/kg AMP. The measured cesium distribution coefficients from actual waste solutions were 3287 mL/g for dissolved zirconia calcines, and 2679 mL/g for sodium-bearing waste. The cesium in the dissolved alumina calcines was analyzed for; however, the concentration was below analytical detectable limits .
Graphene modelocked VECSELs

In the past decade, passively modelocked optically pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (OPVECSELs), sometimes referred to as semiconductor disk lasers (OP-SDLs), impressively demonstrated the potential for generating femtosecond pulses at multi-Watt average output powers with gigahertz repetition rates. Passive modelocking with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) is well established and offers many advantages such as a flexible design of the parameters and low non-saturable losses. Recently, graphene has emerged as an attractive wavelength-independent alternative saturable absorber for passive modelocking in various lasers such as fiber or solid-state bulk lasers because of its unique optical properties. Here, we present and discuss the modelocked VECSELs using graphene saturable absorbers. The broadband absorption due to the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons in graphene makes this absorber interesting for wavelength tunable ultrafast VECSELs. Such widely tunable modelocked sources are in particularly interesting for bio-medical imaging applications. We present a straightforward approach to design the optical properties of single layer graphene saturable absorber mirrors (GSAMs) suitable for passive modelocking of VECSELs. We demonstrate sub-500 fs pulses from a GSAM modelocked VECSEL. The potential for broadband wavelength tuning is confirmed by covering 46 nm in modelocked operation using three different VECSEL chips and up to 21 nm tuning in pulsed operation is achieved with one single gain chip. A linear and nonlinear optical characterization of different GSAMs with different absorption properties is discussed and can be compared to SESAMs.
Hydrocyanic Acid And Sugar Content Dynamics under Nitrogen and Sulphur Application to Forage Sorghum Cultivars

Sorghum crop provides excellent forage in dry land areas. It has ability to tolerate high temperature and grow under minimal soil moisture. Sugar content in Sorghum is of prime importance regarding, animal feed value as well as biofuel production. However, high level of HCN toxin production is a serious problem associated with this crop which could be lethal to animals if ingested in greater quantities. In this study hydrocyanic acid and sugar content dynamics were determined on two forage sorghum cultivars i.e. JS-2002 and Chakwal sorghum at different developmental stages (bootinga and 50% headingb). Fertilizer treatments of nitrogen (0, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and sulphur levels (0, 20 and 40 kg ha-1) were applied in replicates. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design. The results clearly depicted that increase in nitrogen levels gradually increased the HCN and sugar contents irrespective to sulphur and delayed harvesting times. Increase in HCN (21a & 22b%) and brix value (56a & 59b%) was found more at 120 kg N ha-1 when compared with 0 kg N ha-1 (control) treatment. Similarly increase in sulphur application caused increase in brix value however; inverse relationship with HCN content was recorded. Results also indicated that sorghum cultivar JS-2002 produced 27a & 40b% decline in HCN content while 8a & 18b% more sugar content when compared with Chakwal sorghum. Seasonal variations resulted maximum sugar production of 14.9, 25.6% and HCN content of 21.9 & 13.1 mg/100g during different year time (2010 and 2009 when compared with 2008, respectively) probably due to variation in seasonal rainfall. Three years field study indicate that JS-2002 produced less HCN with low dose of N application (0 kg ha-1) and higher application of sulphur (40 kg ha-1) while more brix value at 40 kg S and 120 kg N ha-1 under sub-tropical rainfed conditions
Oral Health Care Improvement using Combined Toothpaste with Traditional Medicinal Plants

The evolution of microbes, including the development of resistant strains and adaptation, depend on diverse members of the microbial population that can thrive in new condition. Therefore, microbes present remarkable abilities to evolve faster than their hosts do. Oral isolates of different patients aged 3 years to 60 years were obtained, purified, and tested against four different commercial medicinal plants extracts for antimicrobial activity. A total of 10 different commercial toothpastes (different brands and prices) were collected, and the combined action of the medicinal plants combination and toothpaste was studied by using disc diffusion method to determine the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants with toothpaste. We found a higher bacterial population in the age group of 3–40 years than the group of 40–60 years, with approximately 44% and 32%, respectively. The combined action of ethanol medicinal plant extracts (alone) against oral isolates showed a synergistic effect, with 32.20%, for combinations A (Ci/Ca). By contrast, the combined action of medicinal plants with 10 different toothpastes improved the antimicrobial sensitivity by 60% for combinations A. In addition, the effectiveness of toothpaste is not related to the price. The ethanol extract of combinations medicinal plants Ci/Ca with commercial toothpaste showed higher antimicrobial activity against oral isolates than other combination groups and the effectiveness of toothpaste is not related to the price.
uman Amygdala Responses During Presentation of appy and Neutral Faces : Correlations with State nxiety eah

ackground: Previous functional imaging studies demonstrating amygdala response to happy facial expressions have all included he presentation of negatively valenced primary comparison expressions within the experimental context. This study assessed amygdala esponse to happy and neutral facial expressions in an experimental paradigm devoid of primary negatively valenced comparison xpressions. ethods: Sixteen human subjects (eight female) viewed 16-sec blocks of alternating happy and neutral faces interleaved with a aseline fixation condition during two functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. esults: Within the ventral amygdala, a negative correlation between happy versus neutral signal changes and state anxiety was bserved. The majority of the variability associated with this effect was explained by a positive relationship between state anxiety and ignal change to neutral faces. onclusions: Interpretation of amygdala responses to facial expressions of emotion will be influenced by considering the contribution f each constituent condition within a greater subtractive finding, as well as 1) their spatial location within the amygdaloid complex; nd 2) the experimental context in which they were observed. Here, an observed relationship between state anxiety and ventral mygdala response to happy versus neutral faces was explained by response to neutral faces.
Exposure to sexually attractive men decreases women's preferences for feminine faces

Here we show that women's preferences for femininity (vs. masculinity) in men's faces are decreased after viewing a slideshow of images of highly attractive men, but not after viewing a slideshow of relatively unattractive men. As masculinity is thought to be a cue of men's herita- ble fitness, and viewing images of highly attractive opposite-sex individuals increases sexual mo- tivation, this may indicate that women increase their preferences for male cues of heritable fitness in circumstances where mating is likely to occur. This context-sensitivity in women's face prefer- ences may, therefore, be adaptive, since decreased preferences for feminine men (i.e. increased preferences for masculine men) when sexual motivation is enhanced may increase offspring vi- ability. Interestingly, we found that viewing images of highly attractive men also decreased women's preferences for femininity in female faces. This latter finding could either reflect in- creased derogation of attractive (i.e. feminine) same-sex competitors when sexual motivation is enhanced or be a low-cost functionless by-product of a mechanism for increasing preferences for cues of men's heritable fitness when sexual motivation is high. Collectively, our findings demon- strate that recent visual experience with highly attractive opposite-sex individuals influences at- tractiveness judgments and present novel evidence for potentially adaptive context-sensitivity in attractiveness judgments.
Salivary Nitrite in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Diabetic Pharmacotherapy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and inflammatory changes that cause systemic complications due to nitric oxide disorders that cause endothelial dysfunction [1]. Inorganic nitrite and nitrate are found in vegetable food and drinking water, this nitrate/nitrite compounds are responsible for restoring of nitric oxide NO which play an important role in prevention of insulin resistance and development of T2DM [2]. Previously, nitrate/nitrite compounds were reported to be a risk factor in development of T2DM [3]. Salivary nitrite is derived from salivary nitrate that obtained from ingested nitrate since 25% of nitrate is secreted through saliva thus; salivary nitrate is 10-20 times higher than plasma nitrate [4]. Moreover, nitrite is responsible for synthesis of NO via independent-nitric oxide synthase pathway that called nitrate-nitric-NO pathway, so diet deficient nitrate lead to cardiac and hepatic damage due to ischemic-reperfusion injury [5].
Review of tapeworms of rodents in the Republic of Buryatia, with emphasis on anoplocephalid cestodes

Examination of ca. 500 rodents [Microtus spp. , Myodes spp. , Cricetulus barabensis (Pallas), Apodemus peninsulae Th omas] from 14 localities in the Republic of Buryatia (Russian Federation) revealed a minimum of 11 cestode species representing Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 s. str. (1 species), Paranoplocephala Luhe, 1910 s.l. (5 species), Catenotaenia Janicki, 1904 (2 species), Arostrilepis Mas-Coma & Tenora, 1997 (at least 2 species) and Rodentolepis Spasskii, 1954 (1 species). At least 5 of these species are previously unknown from the region. Th e taxonomic and phylogenetic position of Buryatian Paranoplocephala species was defi ned by cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences (mtDNA). Th e phylogenetic analysis also confi rmed the status of Parandrya Gulyaev & Chechulin, 1996 as a junior synonym of Paranoplocephala s.l. Th e species diversity of anoplocephalid cestodes was signifi cantly lower in Buryatia and North-East Siberia (6-7 species) than in Europe (17 species). Th e connections of the anoplocephalid fauna of Buryatia seem to be closer with Beringia (North-East Siberia and Alaska) than with Europe. Th e present study demonstrated high spatial variation (patchiness) among study sites in cestodes of Buryatian rodents, with the exception of the ubiquitous Arostrilepis horrida (von Linstow, 1901)-complex.
Ultrastructural and Immunological Characterization of Hepatitis C Core Protein-DNA Plasmid Complexes

Recently, it has been shown that a truncated HCV core (HCcAg) variant, covering the first 120 aa (HCcAg.120), interacts with plasmid DNA vaccine (pIDKE2), encoding the HCV structural proteins (HCcAg, E1 and E2). In the present work, HCcAg.120-pIDKE2 complexes, forming heterogeneous packaged structures, were visualized using a negative stain/rotary shadow technique. Interestingly, 72 hours after intramuscular injection of HCcAg.120-pIDKE2 complexes in Balb/c mice, E2 protein was immunolabeled in muscle cells. In fact, HCcAg.120-pIDKE2 complexes induced anti- HCV humoral and cellular immune responses in mice when inoculated by both, parenteral or mucosal routes, although intranasal administration generally rendered weaker results. On the other hand, data demonstrated that Alum enhanced the HCV-specific IgG antibody production. However, the analysis of the HCV-specific cellular immune response showed that HCcAg.120-pIDKE2 delivered in PBS by the intramuscular route induced the strongest HCV-specific lymphoproliferative response, especially against E1 and induced viremia control in a vaccinia virus surrogate challenge model. These results support the use of HCcAg.120-pIDKE2 complexes in the rational design of therapeutic or preventive vaccine strategies against HCV infection.