Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing Near-Rationality Using Detailed Survey Data

This paper considers the evidence of “near-rationality,” as described by Akerlof, Dickens, and Perry (2000). Using detailed surveys of household inflation expectations for the United States and Sweden, we find that the data are generally unsupportive of the near-rationality hypothesis. However, we document that household inflation expectations tend to settle around discrete and largely fixed “focal points,” suggesting that both U.S. and Swedish households gauge inflation prospects in rather broad, qualitative terms. Moreover, the combination of a low-inflation environment and an inflation target in Sweden has been accompanied by a disproportionately high proportion of Swedish households expecting no inflation. However, a similar low-inflation trend in the United States, which does not have an explicit inflation target, reveals no such rise in the proportion of households expecting no inflation. This observation suggests that the way the central bank communicates its inflation objective may influence inflation expectations independently of the inflation trend it actually pursues.
A NEW TRI-BAND BANDPASS FILTER FOR GSM, WIMAX AND ULTRA-WIDEBAND RESPONSES BY USING ASYMMETRIC STEPPED IMPEDANCE RESONATORS

In this paper, a design of new tri-band bandpass fllter for the application of GSM (1.8GHz), WiMAX (2.7GHz) and UWB (3.3{ 4.8GHz) is proposed. The flrst two narrow passbands are created, and the bandwidth of the third passband can be tuned by properly selecting the impedance ratio (R) and physical length ratio (u) of the asymmetric stepped-impedance resonator. To improve passband performance and form the UWB passband, a U-shape defected ground structure and extra extended coupling lines are integrated with the asymmetric SIR. Due to the three transmission zeros appearing near the passband edges, the band selectivity of the proposed fllter is much improved. The fllter was fabricated, and the measured results have a good agreement with the full-wave simulated ones.
Quadriplegia in a 10 Year-Old Boy Due to Multiple Cervical Neurofibromas

Study Design. A case report of a child with quadriplegia as a result of neurofibromatosis type I who had cervical laminectomy for spinal cord decompression followed by occipitocervical instrumentation is described. Objectives. To describe the consequences of severe neurofibromatosis type I and an effective surgical technique of occipitocervical instrumentation. Summary of Background Data. Neurofibromatosis type I is one of the most commonly inherited genetic disorders in the human population. Extensive intraspinal involvement by neurofibromas can cause significant distortion of normal spinal structure as well spinal cord compression. Extensive laminectomy (with subsequent risk of postsurgical kyphosis) is often required for adequate decompression of the spinal cord. Methods. The clinical and radiographic presentation of a child with severe neurofibromatosis type I resulting in quadriplegia is described. The severe neurologic deficit was caused by compression of the spinal cord by intraspinal neurofibromas. Extensive laminectomy was required to adequately decompress the spinal cord. Occipitocervical fusion from the occiput to C6 was done to stabilize the spine and prevent future kyphosis. Results. Decompression of the spinal cord led to complete neurologic recovery, and instrumentation of the cervical spine was successful in preventing the development of postlaminectomy kyphosis in this pediatric patient. Conclusions. The reported case emphasizes the need for treating acute neurologic symptoms caused by spinal cord compression in neurofibromatosis type I as well as addressing the future risk of spinal deformity following laminectomy.
BEING INFLUENTIAL WITHOUT PARTICIPATING IN THE POLICY PROCESS. THE CASE OF CONSCRIPTION IN WESTERN EUROPE.

This paper addresses the role that non-institutional actors, namely social movement organisations, can play in the policy process, and very specially in relation to those policies which are usually formulated and decided upon with disregard to people’s hope. The policy studied is nowadays conscription into the armed forces in the Western European countries, a high-profile policy commonly attached to the reason of the state. Though, lacking common people’s patronage, the institutional actor uses different means and measures to achieve the desired consent; actually, conscription will only hold if its alternatives —e.g. conscientious objection— are penalised sufficiently. Social mobilisation can lower the costs of those alternatives and ultimately drive to the abolition of conscription. Different movement actions in this direction are considered: lobbying, referendum, reform mobilisation and conflict mobilisation. Our conclusion is that, when enough political mediations are provided and civil disobedience is efficiently organised, conflict mobilisation is better off than the others are.
XBRL in the Accounting Curriculum

ABSTRACT: This position paper argues that the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) be integrated across the accounting curriculum, in a manner relevant to the temporal stage and content of particular courses within the curriculum. XBRL is a metadata representation language for the Internet, based on the World Wide Web consortium’s eXtensible Markup Language (XML). XBRL provides an important foundation for the automated transfer of accounting information and associated metadata. The design of XBRL is fine-tuned to meet the particular needs of accounting and related disclosures. Several countries have adopted XBRL in a variety of information value chains, notably in the USA context the Securities and Exchange Commission’s interactive data program. XBRL has implications for the totality of the accounting curriculum and pedagogy. A program for the integration of XBRL across a typical accounting curriculum is developed. The proposed XBRL assignments, as part of this program, are aligned with Bloom’s T.
Do Banks Provide Financial Slack

We study the decision to choose bank debt rather than public securities in a firm's marginal financing choice. Using a sample of 500 firms over the 1980 to 1993 time period, we find that firms are relatively more likely to choose bank loans when variables that measure asymmetric information problems are elevated. The sensitivity of the likelihood of choosing bank debt to information problems is greater for firms with no public debt outstanding. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that banks help alleviate asymmetric information problems and that firms weigh these information benefits against a wide range of contracting costs when choosing bank financing. Copyright The American Finance Association 2002.
Protection Against Software Piracy: A Study Of Technology Adoption For The Enforcement Of Intellectual Property Rights

Although software piracy is often described as a threat to innovation, only a minority of publishers has chosen to adopt hardware keys, the most secure technology protecting intellectual property in software. A survey of German software publishers reveals that they demand different levels of costly security, depending on product characteristics and markets served. Industry-specific business applications are more likely to be protected by hardware keys than other software. So is software whose usage involves network effects creating a channel for the distribution of illegal copies as well as positive externalities among users. Another factor is the export of software to countries where protection strategies relying on registration requirements and legal action are difficult to implement. These findings have policy implications. Since public protection incurs costs of its own, initiatives to strengthen intellectual property rights in software and their official enforcement should take empirical evidence about private willingness to pay for protection into account.
The Behaviour of U.K. Export Prices of Manufactured Goods 1970-1983

This paper examines the importance of expectations in the determination of U.K. export prices. Export prices are found to depend upon expectations of total domestic unit costs and foreign prices. The non-linear restrictions implied by the forward-looking model are found to hold and it performs adequately relative to a backward-looking error feedback model. The law of one price is rejected and the evidence is consistent with imperfect competition in export markets.
Immunologic and Structural Relationships of the Minor Pilus Subunits among Haemophilus influenzaeIsolates

ABSTRACT Two proteins, HifD and HifE, have been identified as structural components of Haemophilus influenzae pili. Both are localized at the pilus tip, and HifE appears to mediate pilus adherence to host cells. In this study we examined the immunologic and structural diversity of these pilus subunits among type b H. influenzae (Hib) and nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHI) strains. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that antibodies directed against the C terminus of HifD and HifE from Hib strain Eagan bound to HifD and HifE proteins, respectively, of all piliated Hib and NTHI strains tested. Whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that antibodies specific for native HifD or HifE of strain Eagan also bound to all piliated Hib strains but did not bind to the piliated NTHI strains. Antibodies against HifE of strain Eagan inhibited the binding of Hib to human erythrocytes but did not inhibit the binding of NTHI strains. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to determine strain-to-strain structural differences withinhifD and hifE genes, either by PCR or by nucleotide sequence analysis. DNA and derived amino acid sequence analyses of HifD and HifE confirmed the uniqueness of the RFLP types. The hifD and hifE genes of all type b strains showed identical restriction patterns. Analysis of hifD andhifE genes from the NTHI strains, however, revealed seven unique RFLP patterns, suggesting that these genes encode proteins with diverse primary structures. These results indicate that HifD and HifE are immunologically and structurally similar among the Hib strains but vary among the NTHI strains.
Fiscal Multipliers Over the Growth Cycle: Evidence from Malaysia

This paper explores the stabilisation properties of fiscal policy in Malaysia using a model incorporating nonlinearities into the dynamic relationship between fiscal policy and real economic activity over the growth cycle. The paper also investigates how output multipliers for government purchases may alter for different components of government spending. The authors find that fiscal policy in Malaysia has become increasingly pro-cyclical over the last 25 years and establish that the size of fiscal multipliers tend to change over the growth cycle. A 1 Malaysian Ringgit rise in government (investment) spending leads to a maximum output multiplier of around 2.7 during growth recessions, and around 2 in normal times. The returns to government spending in Malaysia are greater when the focus is on public investment, as opposed to consumption. Changes in tax policy are less effective in stimulating economic activity than direct government spending. These results provide empirical backing to conjectures in the recent literature implying that procyclicality in fiscal policy reduces the effectiveness of fiscal actions in emerging markets.
Travel-Related Behavior of Japanese Leisure Tourists: A Review and Discussion

Summary Japan has emerged as a leading generator of international tourism in the past decade. Given the importance of Japanese tourists to the global tourism industry, understanding of their travel-related behavior has become an essential item in the tourism research agenda. A review of literature revealed that a number of studies related to various aspects of Japanese tourists' behavior was reported. However, these studies did not follow any systematic themes of research and the information generated by these studies has not been well conceptualized. Therefore, this paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the literature which pertains to the travel-related behavior of Japanese leisure tourists and to conceptualize the major behavioral attributes and findings of reported research.
Relationship between Ni(II) and Zn(II) Coordination and Nucleotide Binding by the Helicobacter pylori [NiFe]-Hydrogenase and Urease Maturation Factor HypB*

Background: Helicobacter pylori HypB (HpHypB) is a metal-regulated GTPase essential for the biosynthesis of [NiFe]-hydrogenase and urease. Results: Nickel binding to HpHypB is altered upon nucleotide binding, an effect not observed with zinc. Conclusion: Metal coordination and the GTPase cycle of HpHypB are intimately linked. Significance: These data suggest that HpHypB contributes to metal fidelity in [NiFe]-hydrogenase and urease biosynthesis. The pathogen Helicobacter pylori requires two nickel-containing enzymes, urease and [NiFe]-hydrogenase, for efficient colonization of the human gastric mucosa. These enzymes possess complex metallocenters that are assembled by teams of proteins in multistep pathways. One essential accessory protein is the GTPase HypB, which is required for Ni(II) delivery to [NiFe]-hydrogenase and participates in urease maturation. Ni(II) or Zn(II) binding to a site embedded in the GTPase domain of HypB modulates the enzymatic activity, suggesting a mechanism of regulation. In this study, biochemical and structural analyses of H. pylori HypB (HpHypB) revealed an intricate link between nucleotide and metal binding. HpHypB nickel coordination, stoichiometry, and affinity were modulated by GTP and GDP, an effect not observed for zinc, and biochemical evidence suggests that His-107 coordination to nickel toggles on and off in a nucleotide-dependent manner. These results are consistent with the crystal structure of HpHypB loaded with Ni(II), GDP, and Pi, which reveals a nickel site distinct from that of zinc-loaded Methanocaldococcus jannaschii HypB as well as subtle changes to the protein structure. Furthermore, Cys-142, a metal ligand from the Switch II GTPase motif, was identified as a key component of the signal transduction between metal binding and the enzymatic activity. Finally, potassium accelerated the enzymatic activity of HpHypB but had no effect on the other biochemical properties of the protein. Altogether, this molecular level information about HpHypB provides insight into its cellular function and illuminates a possible mechanism of metal ion discrimination.
The influences of capital market munificence on new-venture alliance formation in emerging industries

How do public capital markets influence alliance formation by new ventures? Resource dependency logic suggests that new ventures form fewer alliances when public capital markets are munificent because public investors demand less management control than do alliance partners. In contrast, according to the strategic behavior view, public capital market munificence can also motivate alliance formation because such munificence can enhance the returns that new-venture managers expect from using alliances. We seek to reconcile these two conflicting views of reinforcing versus attenuating effects of public capital market munificence on alliance formation. In this study of new Internet ventures, we find evidence that public capital market munificence increases alliance formation, which provides support for the reinforcing effect. However, availability of other resource alternatives—venture capital and product markets—decreases the positive influence of public capital market munificence on alliance formation. Thus, a contingency perspective in which resource dependency-based motivations moderate strategic motivations best explains the influence of capital market munificence on new ventures’ alliance formation behavior.
The dynamics of rapid industrial growth: evidence from Sweden's information technology industry, 1990--2004

Sweden's information technology (IT) industry expanded through an inflow of new entrants during the 1990s. Its evolution was analyzed using ecological models of organizational founding and disbanding. Controlling for the effects of economic conditions, this study analyzed the effects of density dependence, age, imprinting, rate dependence, and the origin of new entrants on the industry. The results indicate that the inflow was comprised of start-ups that proved to be relatively short-lived. In contrast, new entrants that originated as part of incumbent firms that were diversifying in IT stabilized the industry by depressing its disbanding rate and facilitating the entry of new firms. In explaining the dynamics of the industry, the analysis supports the established models of density dependence, age dependence, imprinting, and organizational origin. Copyright 2009 The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
Oral soft tissue lipomas: a case series.

OBJECTIVE Lipomas are relatively uncommon tumours in the oral cavity; only 1% to 4% of cases occur at this site. In this study, we describe the clinical and histopathologic features of 6 cases of oral lipoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1997 and 2005, the files for all cases of oral lipoma at the oral pathology division, University of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, were retrieved for study. Clinical data were retrieved from patient records, and all cases were reviewed microscopically and classified. RESULTS Of the 6 cases, 3 occurred in males and 3 in females; their mean age was 50.2 years (range: 28-78 years). Most cases affected the buccal mucosa and the mean size of the tumours was 3.0 cm (range: 1.5-5.0 cm). Microscopically, 4 cases were classified as lipoma, 1 as fibrolipoma and 1 as intramuscular or infiltrative lipoma. All cases had been treated by simple surgical excision and there had been no recurrence after a mean treatment time of 50.3 months (range: 8-72 months). CONCLUSION Oral lipomas are uncommon tumours that predominantly affect the buccal mucosa and are associated with an excellent prognosis.
Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis: The Paradigm of Deferiprone

Non chemotherapy drug-induced agranulocytosis is considered a potentially life-threatening idiosyncratic blood dyscrasia, thought to result from a partly elucidated immune and/or toxic damage on myelopoiesis, due to a multitude of drugs. Offending agents include clozapine, ticlopidine, antithyroid compounds, dipyrone, sulfasalzine, trimethropim/sulfomethoxazole, carmabazepine, and to a lesser extent, deferiprone (L1) and probably rituximab. Suspected drugs should be immediately stopped and, in symptomatic patients, once appropriate cultures have been obtained, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment should be administered. Hematopoietic growth factors may be considered, specifically in patients with poor prognostic factors. Due to improved intensive care treatment and alertness of physicians the case fatality of the disorder has recently been decreased to 5%.
The memberships theory of poverty : the role of group affiliations in determining socioeconomic outcomes

This paper describes a particular perspective on the causes of poverty: a memberships based theory. The idea of this theory is that an individual's socioeconomic prospects are strongly influenced by the groups to which he is attached over the course of his life. Such groups may be endogenous; examples include residential neighborhoods, schools and firms. Other groups are exogenous, including ethnicity and gender. I describe the main ideas of the memberships theory, characterize the empirical evidence in its support, and remark on its implications for anti-poverty policy. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Responses to seasonality: the experiences of peripheral destinations.

The issue of seasonality is well documented in the tourism literature, particularly in relation to peripheral regions of northern Europe and North America. The reasons for significant variation on the demand-side are also well documented and relate to climatic, demographic, lifestyle as well as structural or institutional factors. A review of tourism development policies for most peripheral tourism destination regions in the British Isles, Scandinavia and Canada reveals ‘extending the season’ or ‘reducing the impact of seasonality’ as a key objective. There has been very mixed success in achieving this objective and, where it has been possible, other structural factors within the economy or society (such as school vacation dates) have impeded the impact of response. This paper is based upon field research undertaken in a number of locations in the British Isles, Scandinavia and Canada and is an analysis of various local responses to the seasonality challenge. The objective of the study was to identify ‘good practice’ through use of ‘lesson-drawing’ methodologies with respect to seasonality responses so that destination communities elsewhere can learn from the examples and prepare their own strategies for extending the existing season or developing opportunities at different times of the year. A general analysis of ‘success factors’ in combating seasonality will also be undertaken. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women in Economics: Moving Up or Falling Off the Academic Career Ladder?

The percentage of economics doctorates awarded to women has increased over the past twenty years. This article considers whether women Ph.D. economists have increased their representation in academia, particularly at higher tenured ranks. Our study draws upon several empirical approaches and multiple data sets for the 1990s. We find that when compared with other academic disciplines, women in economics are less likely to get tenure and take longer to achieve it. Although gender differences in productivity and the effect of children on promotion partly explain women's lesser chances of receiving tenure in economics, a significant portion of the gender promotion gap remains unexplained by observable characteristics.
Specific Capital, Mobility, and Wages: Wages Rise with Job Seniority

The idea that wages rise relative to alternatives as job seniority accumulates is the foundation of the theory of specific human capital, as well as other widely accepted theories of compensation. The fact that persons with longer job tenures typically earn higher wages tends to support these views, yet this evidence ignores the decisions that have brought individuals to the combination of wages, job tenure, and experience that are observed in survey data. Allowing for sources of bias generated by these decisions, this paper uses longitudinal data to estimate a lower bound on the average return to job seniority among adult men. I find that 10 years of current job seniority raise the wage of the typical male worker in the United States by over 25 percent. This is an estimate of what the typical worker would lose if his job were to end exogenously. Overall, the evidence implies that accumulation of specific capital is an important ingredient of the typical employment relationship and of life cycle earnings and productivity as well. Continuation of these relationships has substantial specific value for workers.