Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bone Stress Injuries in Collegiate Distance Runners: Review of Incidence, Distribution, and Risk Factors

This literature review investigates the risk factors for bone stress injuries that apply to collegiate distance runners. Collegiate distance runners demonstrate high incidence rates of this type of injury and can suffer from a loss of training time. It is important to review the risk factors that apply to these athletes in order to mitigate the time lost to injury and optimize training. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for original articles pertaining to risk factors associated with bone stress injuries and/or stress fractures. Results from these original articles demonstrate that this injury has many risk factors including biomechanical, biological, and environmental factors. Collegiate distance runners need to be assessed on the basis of these risk factors so that they may mitigate their risk of bone stress injury and optimize their training time. This paper concludes with practical recommendations for collegiate distance runners to take into consideration that may decrease the risk of stress fracture.
National Dissemination of Integrated Pest Management Technology through Farmers ’ Field Schools in Indonesia : Was It Successful ?

There is a strong debate on the success of Indonesian integrated pest management project in terms of reduction in pesticide use, increase in production, and diffusion of IPM knowledge. This study aims to analyse the accomplishment of farmers’ field school at national level, and the results indicated that the IPM training project failed to meet the minimum recommended requirements of training, even though IPM practices technically showed the superiority to conventional practices in the field trials. The most likely culprit was a great deal of absenteeism. Farmers leaved before completing the training as the supply of training materials was irregular. To some extent, the project was considered unsuccessful.
Strength Criteria of Infilled Rock Joints Tested in Ko Condition Using Triaxial Apparatus

While determining rock strength to analyse stabilit y of rock slopes, foundations on rock and design of underground openings, it is most important to account for the presence of discontinuities, namely joints, faults, shear zones, thrust zones, bedding planes etc. The stability depends on the geometry o f discontinuities and the slope and orientation of excavated face. The most important f actor is the shear strength of potential failure planes. The characterization of a discontinuity or a shear zone is not possible merely by looking at a specimen or by subj ecting to conventional laboratory testing. The genesis of shear zone, its stress –str ain history, the strength –deformation relationship, all combined to modulate its behaviou r particularly when it approaches the state of limit equilibrium. The evaluation of s trength criteria in field situation is more meaningful and therefore, Ko consolidated undr ai ed tests were planned to conduct in triaxial. Based on extensive experimenta l results, it was found that the deviator stress, which controls the shear failure, is a better criterion for evaluating stress. As such, on the basis of Ko consolidated un drai ed (Ko C-U) triaxial tests, authors suggested strength criteria for discontinuo us rock masses filled with gouge, which are found different than unconsolidated undra ined (U-U) tests. The correlations to incorporate correction factor for thickness (t/a ) for predicating shear strength is suggested. The correlation for predicting the shear modulus (G/G0) is also presented.
Aiutaci a camminare, aiutaci a vivere

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are genetically and clinically heterogeneous conditions. We investigated a large family with autosomal dominant transmission pattern, previously classified as LGMD1F and mapped to chromosome 7q32. Affected members are characterized by muscle weakness affecting earlier the pelvic girdle and the ileopsoas muscles. We sequenced the whole exome of four family members and identified a shared heterozygous frame-shift variant in the Transportin 3 (TNPO3) gene, encoding a member of the importin-b super-family. The TNPO3 gene is mapped within the LGMD1F critical interval and its 923-amino acid human gene product is also expressed in skeletal muscle. In addition, we identified an isolated case of LGMD with a new missense mutation in the same gene. We localized the mutant TNPO3 around the nucleus, but not inside. The involvement of gene related to the nuclear transport suggests a novel disease mechanism leading to muscular dystrophy. Citation: Torella A, Fanin M, Mutarelli M, Peterle E, Del Vecchio Blanco F, et al. (2013) Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Transportin 3 as the Causative Gene for LGMD1F. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63536. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0063536 Editor: Paul McNeil, Medical College of Georgia, United States of America Received February 15, 2013; Accepted March 25, 2013; Published May 7, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Torella et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was mainly supported by grants from Telethon, Italy (TGM11Z06 to V.N. and GTB12001 to C.A.) and Telethon-UILDM (Unione Italiana Lotta alla Distrofia Muscolare) (GUP 10006 and GUP11006 to V.N.). This work was also supported by grants from the Association Française contre les Myopathies (13859 to M.F. and 14999/16216 to C.A.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: vincenzo.nigro@unina2.it . These authors contributed equally to this work.
C-Reactive Protein , Obesity , and Colorectal Cancer Mortality : A Prospective Study of the NHANES III-NDI Dataset Presented

i 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Cancer 1 1.2 Inflammation and Cancer 2 1.3 Colorectal Cancer Burden 5 1.4 Behavioral Risk Factors and Colorectal Cancer Mortality 5 1.5 Adiposity and Colorectal Cancer 1.6 C-Reactive Protein and Obesity 1.7 C-Reactive Protein and Colorectal Cancer 6 9 9 1.8 Conclusion 10 2.0 METHODS 2.1 Study Population 11 2.2 Sample Weights in NHANES III 12 2.3 NHANES III database linked with the National Death Index 13 2.4 Eligibility Criteria 14 2.5 Study Groups 14 2.6 Outcomes 16 2.7 Statistical Analyses 17 3.0 RESULTS 3.1 Participant Characteristics 19 3.2 CRP Status and Mortality Risk 21 4.0 DISCUSSION 4.1 Key Findings 24 4.2 Strengths and Limitations 29 4.3 Conclusions 31
Uterine rupture at a secondary hospital in Afikpo , Southeast Nigeria

Introduction: Uterine rupture is an obstetric catastrophe that is associated with high maternal and perinatal mortality rates. Its incidence is high in developing countries. In Nigeria, the incidence of uterine rupture continues to increase due to poverty, illiteracy, ignorance, the lack of quality obstetric care and bad governance. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all cases of ruptured uterus seen at the Mater Misericordiae Hospital in Afikpo, Nigeria between January 2001 and December 2007. Results: There were a total of 51 ruptured uteri out of 4,361 deliveries, yielding a ratio of one in 86. A total of 19 (37.3 percent) patients had a scarred uterus, while 32 (62.7 percent) had an intact uterus, yielding a scarred to unscarred uterus ratio of one in 1.7. The mean maternal age was 32.0 years, and the mean parity was 3.4. Patients with a scarred uterus had a lower mean age and parity. 29 (56.9 percent) cases were unbooked, out of which seven (24.1 percent) had a scarred uterus. Obstructed labour (88.2 percent), grandmultiparity (27.5 percent) and abnormal lie (9.8 percent) were the main causes of rupture. 39 (76.5 percent) patients had their labour managed at home or by traditional birth attendants before presentation. 45 (88.2 percent) patients underwent uterine repair alone, five (9.8 percent) had uterine repair with bilateral tubal ligation and one (two percent) had a hysterectomy. Three maternal deaths occurred, yielding a case fatality rate of 5.9 percent. The perinatal mortality rate
RESUMPTIVE PRONOUNS IN WH-INTERROGATIVES AND OBJECT RELATIVE CLAUSES IN L 2 ENGLISH : UG ACCESS OR TRANSFER ?

The paper investigates whether resumptive pronouns are attested in the English L2 of Romanian learners and whether their presence can be accounted for in terms of direct access to UG or in terms if transfer hypotheses. The results are also analysed in relation to the Interpretability Hypothesis (Tsimpli and Dimitrakopoulou 2007). Overall, the data provide evidence for transfer of resumptive pronoun use from L1 Romanian to L2 English in the case of object wh-interrogatives and relatives. Resumptives are accepted in the L2 in [d-linked] contexts that mirror the Romanian structures. However, resumptives are also accepted in [non-d-linked] contexts as well, in accordance with the target language. One possible account may be that there is an available position associated with resumptives in the verbal field which can be filled by resumptive material and this position remains available in the L2 as well. Learners have access to L1 and L2 parametric options at the same time, so they accept and produce both L1 and L2 structures. The Romanian data provide support in favour of the Interpretability Hypothesis i.e. there are animacy effects in the Romanian data. The subjects accepted more [-animate] than [+animate] resumptives.
ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS AND ECONOMICS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCKS FED Panicum maximum SUPPLEMENTED CONCENTRATE CONTAINING BAMBARA NUT ( Vigna subterranea )

Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. 3National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike – Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. *Corresponding Author’s Tel:+2348035477065 and E-mail: Odoemelamvu@yahoo.com Twelve individually housed West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks averaging 7.3 ± 0.91kg were used to study the effect of different levels of Bambara nut meal (BNM) in a mix supplementary diet on the performance and carcass characteristics of bucks fed guinea grass as the main diet. Four supplementary diets designated A, B, C and D were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20 and 30% Bambara nut meal (BNM) respectively. The twelve WAD bucks were divided into four groups of three animals each. Each group was assigned to one of the four diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each animal in a group represented a replicate. The experiment lasted for 56 days. Data on Weight gain, dressing percentage and carcass quality was collected. Results revealed that incorporating BNM in concentrate diets fed WAD bucks significantly influenced dressing percentage (P<0.05) compared to the control. The values were 40.56, 43.28, 41.85 and 41.34% for diets A, B, C and D respectively. Meat cut values showed that leg, loin and shoulder were significantly different (P<0.05). The values were 13.20, 13.56, 12.12 and 11.44 %; 12.38, 11.30, 13.19, 11.97 %; 13.60, 12.37, 10.91 and 11.31 % for goats on diets A, B, C and D for leg, loin and shoulder respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among treatment means for all the non meat parts (head, skin, feet, full gut) except for empty gut.Diet B yielded lower weight compared to diets C and D. Cost of feed per kilogram of weight gained was cheapest for diet B, followed by diet A while diet C was the most expensive. It can be concluded that goats fed Diet B containing 10% BNM performed better in terms of dressing percentage and bone to lean ratio.
Macroeconomic Determinants of the Labour Market in Nigeria

This paper investigates the determinants of labour market in Nigeria arising from the economic transformation in recent years, and how public policy affects in particular labour market outcomes. A two-equation model for Nigeria’s labour demand and supply was estimated using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). On the supply side, labour force participation is largely determined by its own backward looking expectation and demand elasticities while real minimum wage and population growth were insignificant but positively related to labour force participation. The results also showed that demand was negatively related to labour force supply and the level of the working age population, while capacity utilization and real minimum wage though not significant had positive relationships with demand for labour. Own elasticity was significant and has a positive impact on the demand for labour. It is evident from the results that to fix the disequilibrium in the Nigeria’s labour market, macroeconomic stability is needed to sustain prices at levels that will drive labour market activities to optimal levels. JEL Classification Codes: C13, C39, J21, J22, J23
Bacillus pseudo-outbreak after renovation work in a teaching hospital Ohsaki

A 602-bed capacity hospital underwent complete renovation from 1999 to 2004. In April 2005, the Infection Control Team was informed of the occurrence of three consecutive cases of Bacillus cereus bacteremia in a ward for patients with hematologic malignancies. A retrospective analysis of patients with Bacillus isolates was initiated. We found more Bacillus cereus isolates from blood samples in 2004 compare to the preceding years. Swab samples were collected in the particular ward from the surface of a working desk, filter unit of the air-conditioners, entrance of air inlet ducts, exit of the air outlet ducts and three-way valves of the particular ward under the consideration of iatrogenic contamination. Towels and gowns used in the ward were examined. Dens dust was noted in the filter of the air-conditioner and inlets/outlets of the air-ventilation system of the ward. Bacillus cereus was isolated from the dust, and from cleaned towels and gowns. PFGE fingerprinting differed among four patients’ sample. We considered the present case as an undetected Bacillus cereus pseudo-outbreak that lasted for about one year after the renovation work of the hospital. We also considered that filters of the HVAC-system and towels and gowns were probable sources of the outbreak.
Magnetic stimulation intensity modulates motor inhibition

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a standard tool in neuroscience research and therapy. Here we study one rTMS property that has not received adequate attention, the interaction of subthreshold intensity stimulation and low frequencies. We applied 1 Hz rTMS over the motor cortex at three intensities, 40%, 80% and 100% of the resting motor threshold (rMT), and measured cortical excitability before and after the stimulation sessions. When comparing motor evoked potential (MEP) measured from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle before and after rTMS stimulation, we found that low intensity (40% MT) stimulation significantly decreased MEP magnitude, some smaller (nonsignificant) inhibition was found for the 80% MT intensity and increased MEP was found for the high intensity (100% MT) stimulation. Our results indicate that when explaining the input–output relationship of motor cortex induced activation as an intensity-dependent function, there might be a need to split it into separate functions associated with separate processes mediated by different cell types such as interneurons, pyramidal neurons and others. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

A new simple optical method for visualizing flow structures generated in a rotating flow is presented. The method consists of planar PTV with sheet illumination slightly offset to the rotation axis and a geometric reconstruction of velocity vector field under the assumption of azimuthal periodicity. Two types of columnar flows intrinsically associated with rotating flows are investigated with the method. The two types of flow are a local columnar wake induced behind a moving sphere, and an asymmetrically precessing Taylor Column created below a spinning disk. By means of this new technique we obtain the first quantitative visualization of the columnar wake and the three-dimensional structure of the
LAUNCH VEHICLE MULTIBODY DYNAMICS MODELING FRAMEWORK FOR PRELIMINARY DESIGN STUDIES

Launch vehicle dynamics modeling is quite challenging mainly because of the highly interconnected disciplines in volved: propulsion, aerodynamics, structures, mechanism s, and GNC among others. Discipline experts perform their respective design often independently and with separate de dicated tools. Consequently, during launcher preliminary design studies, numerous iterations are required in order t o keep mission objectives synchronized. These preliminary design efforts can potentially be reduced by using a multidisciplinary launch vehicle model integrated in one single tool. Because this allows to reduce the number of iterations and the associated costs, a launch vehicle multibody dynamics modeling framework is a key technology to aim for. Dedicated developments of multidisciplinary modeling tools for launch vehicle multibody dynamics have been presented in the relevant literature. However, none fully profi ts from an object-oriented, equation-based, and acausal modeling language like MODELICA. As yet, such an approach is still missing. It is therefore the objective of this paper to introduce such an alternative approach employing this modeling framework. This framework enables object-oriented and physicsbased modeling of subsystems and components related to most key analyses of a launcher system. These include among others: launcher configuration, staging and separati on dynamics, end-to-end trajectories, performance, control lability and stability. Moreover, all this can be done within a single simulation environment. The paper gives an overview on the first building blocks leading to an integrated and multidisciplinary tool for lau ncher preliminary design studies. Particularly, its easiness of implementation is demonstrated along with the benefits of this approach.
Language proficiency and immigrants’ labor market outcomes in post-crisis Spain

This paper analyses the impact of Spanish proficiency on first generation immigrants’ labor market outcomes, based on the Labor Force Survey 2014 ad hoc module on the “Labor market situation of migrants and their immediate descendants”. A very high level of proficiency in Spanish is found to enhance immigrants’ employability, particularly for non Spanish-speaking immigrants. The impact increases when potential endogeneity in language skills is addressed via IV variables. Still, proficiency in Spanish does not help to get higher ranked occupations, measured via ISEI (International Socio-Economic Index) – and language skills neither contribute to explain occupational status, nor are endogenous to it, even after control for sample selection. The first result confirms the downward bias of the impact of the language proficiency on employment probabilities when the endogeneity problem is not accounted while the second responds to the particular occupational segregation in Spain amongst workers from different areas of the world.
Title : Health hazards and complications associated with electronic cigarettes : a review Running head : Health hazards and complications of EC

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are devices that vaporise and release a sweetened liquid containing nicotine as a substitute for burning tobacco. Manufacturers of ECs have suggested that ‘vaping’ is a safer alternative to conventional smoking because of the potential reduction in exposure to toxic substances. In the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey, 4.9% of middle school students and 20.8% of high school students reported using ECs in the previous 30 days, with respective rates of 0.6% and 1.5% in 2011 and 3.3% and 11.7% in 2017. The main reason for this steady increase in use of ECs in the younger age groups is the widespread perception that ECs are less harmful than conventional
Cultural Care and Inviting Practices: Teacher perspectives on the influence of care and equity in an urban elementary school

The study investigates the perspectives of five educators on the influence of cultural care and invitational education (IE) through qualitative participatory action research (PAR). Invitational education is a theoretical framework that facilitates a positive learning environment and encourages individuals to reach their unlimited potential. Like IE, cultural care is a theory of practice that uses a social-emotional approach for school improvement. However, cultural care considers race and culture as fundamental to promoting outcomes for all students. In connection to IE, cultural care is a strengths-based approach to encourage and produce positive outcomes and promotes a strong consideration to race and culture. The study examined teacher practices and perceptions to evaluate the influence of invitational practices and cultural care. Data were analyzed through two theoretical frameworks, invitational education and culturally responsive pedagogy. Themes were derived from analyses of data collected through interviews pre- and postintervention implementation, recorded observation notes, and artifacts. Findings indicated that inviting practices and cultural care positively influenced the climate of the learning environment, affirmed the importance of teachers listening to students with intentionality, and highlighted the need for educators to recognize students’ basic and academic needs. These needs acknowledged student presence, behavior, and growth from a strengths-based approach. The participant educators reported a shift towards a positive learning environment. Recommendations for practice include establishing site-based equity teams and implementing professional learning communities to enhance teachers’ professional development. Keywords: invitational education, culturally responsive pedagogy, cultural care, school climate
Teachers’ Perspectives of the Challenges of Teaching Economics: A Case Study of One Public Secondary School in Uganda

This study examines the challenges of teaching Economics in one public secondary school in Uganda. The study employed a qualitative research paradigm using a case study design. The sample comprised of four Economics teachers at one selected secondary school in Kampala Uganda. Data collection methods included personal interviews, classroom observations and a focus group discussion. Content analysis was used in analyzing the data. The findings revealed that the challenges encountered by the teachers related to the Economics curriculum, inadequate textbooks and classrooms, and a high teacher-student ratio. Other challenges encountered were absenteeism on the part of the students, poor academic performance, and a poor reading culture.
Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN Countries : An Empirical Investigation

Theories of multinationals, in particular the knowledge-capital (KC) model combined by the horizontal and vertical model, have recently been used to explain the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. Nevertheless they did not concern whether the determinants associated with horizontal and vertical model affect the investment decision of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in ASEAN. As a result, this paper aims to examine MNEs activities by using panel data of ASEAN countries from 1983-2003. Results of econometric tests give strong support to the horizontal model in favor of the KC model. JEL Classification: F23, F21, F12, F15