Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacokinetics of Enoxaparin Do Not Correlate With Its Pharmacodynamic Effect in Patients Receiving Dialysis Therapies

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enoxaparin were studied in healthy volunteers and hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis subjects. Antifactor Xa activity estimated the pharmacokinetics, whereas thrombin generation time (TGT) estimated the pharmacodynamics. Enoxaparin 1 mg/kg was given subcutaneously to all subjects. Antifactor Xa Amax and AUC0–12 were similar between groups, but the TGTmax was significantly greater in the dialysis groups (P = .001). The thrombin generation time remained significantly more prolonged throughout the 12‐hour study period, and there was a trend toward greater TGT AUEC0–12 for both dialysis groups (P = .07). Patients receiving hemodialysis had greater sensitivity to enoxaparin compared to the other groups. These results suggest that in dialysis patients, there may be accumulation of active heparin metabolites that are undetected by the antifactor Xa assay. Therefore, these subjects exhibit greater thrombin generation time prolongation despite similar antifactor Xa exposure. Further large‐scale studies are needed to corroborate the results of this exploratory pilot study.
Renal amyloidosis: origin and clinicopathologic correlations of 474 recent cases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The kidney is the organ most commonly involved in systemic amyloidosis. This study reports the largest clinicopathologic series of renal amyloidosis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This study provides characteristics of 474 renal amyloidosis cases evaluated at the Mayo Clinic Renal Pathology Laboratory from 2007 to 2011, including age, sex, serum creatinine, proteinuria, type of amyloid, and tissue distribution according to type. RESULTS The type of amyloid was Ig amyloidosis in 407 patients (85.9%), AA amyloidosis in 33 (7.0%), leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis in 13 (2.7%), fibrinogen A α chain amyloidosis in 6 (1.3%), Apo AI, Apo AII, or Apo AIV amyloidosis in 3 (0.6%), combined AA amyloidosis/Ig heavy and light chain amyloidosis in 1 (0.2%), and unclassified in 11 (2.3%). Laser microdissection/mass spectrometry, performed in 147 cases, was needed to determine the origin of amyloid in 74 of the 474 cases (16%), whereas immunofluorescence failed to diagnose 28 of 384 light chain amyloidosis cases (7.3%). Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis and Apo AI, Apo AII, or Apo AIV amyloidosis were characterized by diffuse interstitial deposition, whereas fibrinogen A α chain amyloidosis showed obliterative glomerular involvement. Compared with other types, Ig amyloidosis was associated with lower serum creatinine, higher degree of proteinuria, and amyloid spicules. CONCLUSIONS In the authors' experience, the vast majority of renal amyloidosis cases are Ig derived. The newly identified leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis form was the most common of the rarer causes of renal amyloidosis. With the advent of laser microdissection/mass spectrometry for amyloid typing, the origin of renal amyloidosis can be determined in >97% of cases.
An Experimental Look at Rf Propagation in Narrow Tunnels

A measurement campaign was undertaken at the Camp Lejeune North Carolina (CLNC) Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) site to characterize subterranean RF propagation. Previous related studies for subterranean wireless communications purposes have focused on railroad, auto, subway and mine tunnels having wide cross-section dimensions exceeding 3 meters. An overlooked infrastructure element with significant tactical communications value is the municipal sewer tunnel network. As long as the sewer line is accessible and navigable by the warfighter, it will have utility and so interior diameters down to 1-meter are not out of the question. The CLNC MOUT subterranean tunnel complex has such a narrow diameter, as well as representative L-bends and T-junctions. A series of path loss measurements were conducted for various spatial separations of transmit and receive antennas in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band covering 374 MHz as well as the 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands. In contrast to the wider, predominately vehicular tunnels, these transmission wavelengths are critically close to the sewer tunnel dimensions. The test methodology is explained and the results are compared with predictions based on modeling the sewer tunnel as an oversized, lossy circular waveguide. The unique findings presented herein are applicable to other tightly confined spaces such as natural cave passageways
Technology, Growth and Competitiveness

This outstanding collection charts the work of Jan Fagerberg on the relationship between technology, growth and international competitiveness. With an original introduction and a mix of previously published and unpublished material, the book covers all the main issues including: the technology gap and differences of growth and welfare; structural factors in the growth of exports and production, and the relationship between growth of GDP and trade performance. The final chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and applied work on technology and competitiveness.
The number of saturated actuators and constraint forces during time-optimal movement of a general robotic system

The authors formulate the time-optimal control problem for general robotic systems and show that the required maximum (or minimum) value of the path acceleration is the solution of a linear programming problem. The fact that such a solution is an extreme point of the set of feasible solutions makes it possible to determine the minimum number of actuators and internal forces that must be saturated during the time-optimal movement. Specifically, it is proved that, if the dynamics of a general robot system are defined by n coordinates, m differential constraint equations, and p actuators, then some combination of at least L=m+p+1-n of the actuators and internal constraint forces is saturated during a time-optimal movement of the system along a prescribed path. The result applies to general class of dynamic systems with both holonomic and non-holonomic constraints. <<ETX>>
Zinssensitivitäten börsennotierter deutscher Finanzdienstleister: Eine empirische Untersuchung

Zusammenfassung/Summary Zinssensitivitaten borsennotierter deutscher Finanzdienstleister: Eine empirische Untersuchung Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Zinssensitivitat borsennotierter Finanzdienstleister am deutschen Kapitalmarkt anhand des Grundansatzes von Stone (1974). Hiernach werden die Aktienrenditen durch einen Markt- und einen Zinsfaktor erklart, wobei in entsprechenden Untersuchungen regelmasig unterschiedliche Varianten insbesondere hinsichtlich der Konstruktion des Zinsfaktors verwendet werden. Im Fokus der empirischen Analyse steht der Vergleich der Ergebnisse zentraler Ausgestaltungsformen dieses 2-Faktor-Regressionsmodells auf Basis eines einheitlichen Datensatzes fur deutsche Finanzdienstleister uber den Zeitraum von 1973 bis 2003. Wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse haben die Orthogonalisierungsvarianten bezuglich der unabhangigen Variablen, die Laufzeit des Zinsfaktors und die Steigung der Zinsstruktur im betrachteten Untersuchungszeitraum. Alternative Konstruktionen des Zinsfaktors wi.
The perception and implementation of sustainable Leadership strategies in further education colleges

Sustainable leadership as a concept is both in its infancy and also under researched, with much of the previous work in the area concentrating solely on the compulsory sector. Lambert (2011) argues that existing models are not entirely appropriate for further education due to the landscape in which colleges operate. This paper presents the findings of empirical work which sought the views of principals of general further education colleges (equivalent to United States Community Colleges) in the south east of England and London, UK, as to whether they are in agreement with the component aspects of the framework of sustainable leadership for further education colleges suggested by Lambert (2011).
Constructions of surfing space at Durban, South Africa

Surfers at Durban, South Africa, reveal a tendency to cluster in a number of different spaces off the bathing beaches. While this activity appears to function in a social environment that is at the same time companionable, competitive or exclusive, the manner in which the usually robust interaction with the material environment contributes to the construction of surfing space is not visibly evident to the outsider. A survey reveals that surfers construct surfing space out of images of a normative wave environment and practices and processes that are both sensory and social. Images of the perfect wave that describe the normative wave environment sought by surfers are acquired from surfing magazines and other media sources. Knowledge of wave shapes, winds and currents is provided by sensory-derived experience gained in the waves. Individual and group attitudes and behaviour in surfing spaces are socially constructed around issues of identity and exclusion. The path of surfing space construction is shown to link images of the perfect wave with sensory-derived knowledge of local wave conditions and socially constructed attitudes on the use of these spaces.
[Efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy in Korean with hepatocellular carcinoma].

BACKGROUND/AIMS Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) is widely used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its long-term therapeutic efficacy is not verified in Korea, one of hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic areas. Thus, this study was to assess its efficacy and prognostic factors affecting tumor-free survival following PEIT in Korean HCC patients. METHODS From 1997 to 1999, 100 consecutive patients who had 1 to 3 HCC nodules of maximum diameter less than 3 cm and underwent PEIT were enrolled. Therapeutic efficacy, overall and tumor-free survival rates were assessed during follow-up periods. RESULTS In 83 patients, HCC nodules were completely ablated by PEIT. The cumulative 1, 2, and 3 year overall survival rates were 98%, 96%, and 88%, respectively. The cumulative 1, 2, and 3 year tumor-free survival rates were 73%, 50%, and 37%, respectively. Larger tumors (>or= 2 cm) were associated with a higher local recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that PEIT is therapeutically useful in patients with HCC less than 4 in number and less than 3 cm in diameter. However, since multiple or large tumors are associated with low tumor-free survival or high local recurrence rates, PEIT for these tumors and the subsequent post-treatment follow-up should be performed carefully.
Sustainable growth and business excellence

Abstract In the modern world, business is viewed as the opportunity for wealth creation and economic growth for jobs and prosperity. However, market-economics depends on the integrity of the organization to function within the values and norms of the society. For sustained growth and business excellence it is necessary to consider environmental and other social concerns. Leadership should demonstrate their business confidence and stick to their moral position as creators of wealth and raising living standards to build trust between their organization and society at large. Business excellence, regarded as the simultaneous satisfaction of key organizational stakeholders, requires the measurement of organizational performance based on the critical success factors of all the stakeholders. If these factors are satisfactory, it will ensure successful competitive performance for the organization. In this paper, Kanji's Business Excellence Measurement system (KBEMS) will be discussed. Through this model, Kanji has provided a multi-dimensional focus that combines a variety of measurements for internal and external stakeholders for the organization. It is value-based, and has a long-term orientation and is dynamic in nature. KBEMS not only achieves a greater degree of integration between the models, but makes use of Systemic and Holistic views. It also provides mathematical and statistical reasoning, which allows identifying the strengths and areas for improvement, while estimating the impact that each dimension has on other components of the system. Finally, it measures all the dimensions of the stakeholders and the organizational performance in order to provide sustainable growth. It also provides a comparison of KBEMS with other models.
Tests of Analysts' Overreaction/Underreaction to Earnings Information as an Explanation for Anomalous Stock Price Behavior

This study examines whether security analysts underreact or overreact to prior earnings information, and whether any such behavior could explain previously documented anomalous stock price movements. We present evidence that analysts' forecasts underreact to recent earnings. This feature of the forecasts is consistent with certain properties of the naive seasonal random walk forecast that Bernard and Thomas (1990) hypothesize underlie the well-known anomalous post-earnings-announcement drift. However, the underreactions in analysts' forecasts are at most only about half as large as necessary to explain the magnitude of the drift. We also document that the “extreme” analysts' forecasts studied by DeBondt and Thaler (1990) cannot be viewed as overreactions to earnings, and are not clearly linked to the stock price overreactions discussed in DeBondt and Thaler (1985, 1987) and Chopra, Lakonishok, and Ritter (Forthcoming). We conclude that security analysts' behavior is at best only a partial explanation for stock price underreaction to earnings, and may be unrelated to stock price overreactions.
A Boost or Bust for Democracy?

This study employed an online survey of 442 politically interested Web users during the 2000 presidential election to examine the extent to which relying on the Web for political information influences political interest, campaign interest, political involvement, likelihood of voting, and voting behavior after controlling for demographics, political attitudes and use of the traditional media. Results from this study are compared to a similar one conducted during the 1996 presidential campaign. The respondents were highly interested in politics in general, were very interested in the 2000 campaign, expressed a high likelihood to vote, and almost all did vote. The Internet appears to engage people politically as almost two-thirds claim that their involvement in politics has increased or greatly increased since they first became online users. Politically interested Internet users were more likely to report in 2000 than 1996 that they felt they had power to bring about political change, that they were very interested in the presidential campaign, and that they were more likely to vote. The Web appears to be at least partially responsible for this increase in civic engagement as reliance on the Web was the strongest predictor of political attitudes.
Consumer adoption of internet banking in Nigeria

Internet banking as a key component of e-finance has gained research attention. However, the research on developing countries is lacking. This paper investigates the factors that influence the consumer adoption of internet banking in Nigeria. The results show that the currently relevant factors determining the adoption of internet banking in Nigeria include the level of awareness or attention, the accessibility to computers and the internet, convenience, privacy, costs, and the availability of knowledge and support concerning internet banking. This paper argues that the banks should embark on initiatives that would drastically increase the level of consumer awareness of internet banking details, especially its benefits.
Rearranging Exosites in Noncatalytic Domains Can Redirect the Substrate Specificity of ADAMTS Proteases*

Background: ADAMTS metalloproteases are multidomain proteins with remarkable substrate specificity. Results: Swapping noncatalytic domains between ADAMTS13 and ADAMTS5 causes reciprocal changes in the cleavage of their natural substrates. Conclusion: ADAMTS exosites in noncatalytic domains are portable modifiers of proteolytic activity. Significance: Shuffling and recombination of ADAMTS ancillary structural domains may be exploited to evolve or engineer new protease functions. ADAMTS proteases typically employ some combination of ancillary C-terminal disintegrin-like, thrombospondin-1, cysteine-rich, and spacer domains to bind substrates and facilitate proteolysis by an N-terminal metalloprotease domain. We constructed chimeric proteases and substrates to examine the role of C-terminal domains of ADAMTS13 and ADAMTS5 in the recognition of their physiological cleavage sites in von Willebrand factor (VWF) and aggrecan, respectively. ADAMTS5 cleaves Glu373–Ala374 and Glu1480–Gly1481 bonds in bovine aggrecan but does not cleave VWF. Conversely, ADAMTS13 cleaves the Tyr1605–Met1606 bond of VWF, which is exposed by fluid shear stress but cannot cleave aggrecan. Replacing the thrombospondin-1/cysteine-rich/spacer domains of ADAMTS5 with those of ADAMTS13 conferred the ability to cleave the Glu1615–Ile1616 bond of VWF domain A2 in peptide substrates or VWF multimers that had been sheared; native (unsheared) VWF multimers were resistant. Thus, by recombining exosites, we engineered ADAMTS5 to cleave a new bond in VWF, preserving physiological regulation by fluid shear stress. The results demonstrate that noncatalytic thrombospondin-1/cysteine-rich/spacer domains are principal modifiers of substrate recognition and cleavage by both ADAMTS5 and ADAMTS13. Noncatalytic domains may perform similar functions in other ADAMTS family members.
Autoantibody against IA-2 Improves Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Child Onset the Test Sensitivity for in Japanese Patients of

We previously reported that IA-2 autoantibodies (Ab) facilitated the diagnosis of Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), but the number tested was not large enough to investigate whether IA-2Ab can improve the diagnostic accuracy. In this report, sera from 78 patients with less than 2 year-disease duration (the mean (range) ages were 19.2 (6-52) years old) were tested in order to clarify that the combination of IA-2Ab and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)Ab would improve the test sensitivity for IDDM. Both of the autoantibodies were frequently detected in Japanese abrupt-onset IDDM but the frequency of GAD65Ab was higher than that of IA-2Ab (69% and 47%, respectively, P=0.024). The two autoantibodies were discordant in respect to both positivity and titer. The positivity for IA-2Ab decreased with the increasing onset-age of the patients (76, 47, 37, 21% for each quartile of age tested), but the frequency of GAD65Ab was unaffected. Among the youngest quartile (<-12 years old), IA-2Ab, in combination with GAD65Ab, significantly improved sensitivity (68% to 92%, P<0.05), but when we tested patients over 12 years old, IA-2Ab caused little, if any, improvement in sensitivity. We confirmed that IA-2 antibody was detected in IDDM among Japanese, as seen in Caucasians, but the test sensitivity was improved only in young IDDM patients among Japanese.
To Sample or Not Sample

Suppose a prospective oil field is partitioned into a finite number of lots. Conventional wisdom suggests that failing to find oil on one lot is bad news regarding subsequent exploration of other lots, due to a 'common pool' effect. Here we identify situations where failing to find oil on a lot may be good news. Similar considerations may be relevant in the testing of chemical substances for a specific pharmaceutical use. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd and The University of Manchester, 2006.
Ambiguity in Securitization Markets

During the financial crisis of 2008, origination and trading in asset-backed securities markets dropped dramatically. I present a model with ambiguity averse investors to explain how such a market freeze could occur and to investigate how ambiguity affects origination and securitization decisions. The model captures many features of the crisis, including market freezes and fire sales, as well as the timing and duration of the freeze. The presence of ambiguity also reduces real economic activity. Lastly, I consider the differing implications of ambiguity and risk, as well as the role of policies that reduce ambiguity during market freezes.
Varicella and Stroke in Children

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the only human virus known to replicate in arteries. After the acute infection, the virus persists in a noninfectious latent form in ganglia along the neuraxis, with intermittent periods of reactivation. Both primary and secondary reactivation are associated with stroke in children. These patients, regardless of the chosen treatment, have a high risk of recurrence, particularly those with worsening arterial stenosis. There are no specific therapy protocols for varicella-associated stroke in children, and the use of steroids or antiviral drugs is still controversial. We present a series of 4 children with stroke following varicella infection, with no recurrence and stable vascular stenosis at a mean follow-up of 18 months without steroid treatment. We also analyze possible correlations between anti-protein C, protein S and protein Z autoantibodies, and post-varicella arteriopathy.
Estimates of poverty and social exclusion in Australia: a multidimensional approach

We measure the extent of poverty and social exclusion in Australia using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. For each individual, we construct a measure of social exclusion that recognises its multidimensionality, including its potential variability in depth at a point in time and in persistence over time. We distinguish seven dimensions or domains, as proposed in Scutella et al. (2009): material resources; employment; education and skills; health and disability; social; community; and personal safety. For each of these seven domains, several indicators of social exclusion are produced. A simple ‘sum-score’ method is then used to estimate the extent or depth of exclusion, with our measure a function of both the number of domains in which exclusion is experienced and the number of indicators of exclusion present within each domain. Sensitivity of findings to alternative weighting regimes for the indicators and to alternative methods, proposed by Capellari and Jenkins (2007), is examined. Persistence of exclusion is also briefly considered. Our exclusion measure identifies 20 to 30 per cent of the Australian population aged 15 years and over as experiencing ‘marginal exclusion’ at any given point in time. Four to six per cent are ‘deeply excluded’, and less than one per cent are ‘very deeply excluded’. We find that, although there are commonalities in the demographic composition of the socially excluded and the income poor, there are also some important differences. For example, persons 65 years and over represent a much smaller share of the most ‘excluded’ group than they do of the ‘poorest’; and couple and single families with children represent a larger share of the excluded than they do of the poor.