Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-scale tropical movements and diving behavior of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias tagged off New Zealand

Recent advances in our understanding of the spatial behavior of white sharks have been based on only 3 geographical areas: the waters off Australia, southern Africa, and the northeast Pacific Ocean. Here we report results from the first study in New Zealand waters using satellite tags to study sharks. We attached pop-up archival tags to 4 white sharks Carcharodon carcharias at the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, during April 2005. One tag released prematurely, but 3 others showed long-distance northward movements of 1000 to 3000 km across the open ocean, with 2 sharks moving to the tropical islands of New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Our results are similar to recent find- ings elsewhere of fast oceanic travel and well oriented navigation. Circumstantial information sug- gests that some of these movements could be part of a regular foraging migration where white sharks visit humpback whale wintering grounds to feed on carcasses and prey on newborn calves. Before embarking on large-scale movements, all sharks remained over the continental shelf near the Chatham Islands for 2.6 to 5.0 mo, rarely swimming deeper than 100 m. In contrast, during oceanic large-scale movements, they spent most of their time in the top 1 m of water, showing periodic dives to depths over 900 m. The diving behavior in combination with the large-scale movements from tem- perate to tropical waters results in the sharks experiencing a very wide range of water temperatures.
Searching and Testing of White Lupine (Lupinus albus L.) for Adaptation And Resistant to Crenate Broomrape in Tigray, Ethiopia

Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) is a parasitic weed known to threaten legume crops in Ethiopia. Crop food legumes with acceptable resistance and tolerance levels to broomrape are an important way of narrowing yield gaps. The objective of the present study was to assess the adaptability and resistance level of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) lines under O. crenata prone production environment. Included were nine lupine lines and arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated triples in 2014 main cropping season. Results showed that four lines viz., 239004, 239006, 239056 and 242249 were given significantly higher yield i.e. 3174.1, 3397.3, 3326.8 and 2782.7 kg ha , respectively, while lower yield was obtained from 1
Pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunch: Yields and analysis of bio-oil

The palm oil industry is currently growing rapidly and generating large amounts of biomass waste that is not utilized properly. Palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB), by product of palm oil industry is considered as a promising alternative and renewable energy source that can be converted to a liquid product by pyrolysis process. In this work, pyrolysis of PEFB was studied to produce bio-oil. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a bench scale tubular furnace reactor. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures (400–600 °C) at heating rate of 10 °C/min to optimize the pyrolysis process for maximum liquid yield were investigated. The characteristics of bio-oil were analyzed using FTIR and GC–MS. The results showed that the maximum bio-oil yield was 44.5 wt. % of the product at 450 °C. The bio-oil products were mainly composed of acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oligomers. The chemical characterization showed that the bio-oil obtained from PEFB may be potentially valuable as a fuel and chemical feedstock.
BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF AgNPs EXTRACT FROM BACOPA MONNIERA WHOLE PLANT

Reliable and eco-friendly process for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an important step in the field of the nanotechnology. One of the options to achieve this objective is to use biological systems. Here we report the ethanolic extract of B. monniera to produce silver nanoparticles by reduction of AgNO3. It was observed that the synthesis process was quite rapid and silver nanoparticles were formed with in minutes of silver ion coming in contact with the plant filtrate. UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver ions demonstrated a peak at 436 nm corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals the FCC structure of silver nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) evidences the presence of silver nanoparticles in the aquatic solution of leaf extract. FTIR analysis of the nanoparticles indicated the presence of proteins, which may be acting as capping agents around the nanoparticles. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, the size of the silver nanoparticles was measured (10-30 nm). Further the antimicrobial activity of synthesized particles showed effective inhibitory activity.
Dressing phases of AdS3/CFT2

We determine the all-loop dressing phases of the AdS3/CFT2 integrable system related to type IIB string theory on AdS3×S3×T4 by solving the recently found crossing relations and studying their singularity structure. The two resulting phases present a novel structure with respect to the ones appearing in AdS5/CFT4 and AdS4/CFT3. In the strongly coupled regime, their leading order reduces to the universal Arutyunov–Frolov–Staudacher phase as expected. We also compute their subleading order and compare it with recent one-loop perturbative results and comment on their weak-coupling expansion.
Speciated and total emission factors of particulate organics from burning western US wildland fuels and their dependence on combustion efficiency

Abstract. Western US wildlands experience frequent and large-scale wildfires which are predicted to increase in the future. As a result, wildfire smoke emissions are expected to play an increasing role in atmospheric chemistry while negatively impacting regional air quality and human health. Understanding the impacts of smoke on the environment is informed by identifying and quantifying the chemical compounds that are emitted during wildfires and by providing empirical relationships that describe how the amount and composition of the emissions change based upon different fire conditions and fuels. This study examined particulate organic compounds emitted from burning common western US wildland fuels at the US Forest Service Fire Science Laboratory. Thousands of intermediate and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) were separated and quantified into fire-integrated emission factors (EFs) using a thermal desorption, two-dimensional gas chromatograph with online derivatization coupled to an electron ionization/vacuum ultraviolet high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TD-GC × GC-EI/VUV-HRToFMS). Mass spectra, EFs as a function of modified combustion efficiency (MCE), fuel source, and other defining characteristics for the separated compounds are provided in the accompanying mass spectral library. Results show that EFs for total organic carbon (OC), chemical families of I/SVOCs, and most individual I/SVOCs span 2–5 orders of magnitude, with higher EFs at smoldering conditions (low MCE) than flaming. Logarithmic fits applied to the observations showed that log (EFs) for particulate organic compounds were inversely proportional to MCE. These measurements and relationships provide useful estimates of EFs for OC, elemental carbon (EC), organic chemical families, and individual I/SVOCs as a function of fire conditions.
On the galaxy-halo connection in the EAGLE simulation

Empirical models of galaxy formation require assumptions about the correlations between galaxy and halo properties. These may be calibrated against observations or inferred from physical models such as hydrodynamical simulations. In this Letter, we use the EAGLE simulation to investigate the correlation of galaxy size with halo properties. We motivate this analysis by noting that the common assumption of angular momentum partition between baryons and dark matter in rotationally supported galaxies overpredicts both the spread in the stellar mass–size relation and the anticorrelation of size and velocity residuals, indicating a problem with the galaxy–halo connection it implies. We find the EAGLE galaxy population to perform significantly better on both statistics, and trace this success to the weakness of the correlations of galaxy size with halo mass, concentration and spin at fixed stellar mass. Using these correlations in empirical models will enable fine-grained aspects of galaxy scalings to be matched.
A layered depth-of-field method for solving partial occlusion.

Depth of field (DoF) represents a distance range around a focal plane, where objects on an image are crisp. DoF is one of the effects which significantly contributes to the photorealism of images and therefore is often simulated in rendered images. Various methods for simulating DoF have been proposed so far, but little tackle the issue of partial occlusion: Blurry objects near the camera are semi-transparent and result in partially visible background objects. This effect is strongly apparent in miniature and macro photography. In this work a DoF method is presented which simulates partial occlusion. The contribution of this work is a layered method where the scene is rendered into layers. Blurring is done efficiently with recursive Gaussian filters. Due to the usage of Gaussian filters big artifact-free blurring radii can be simulated at reasonable costs.
Using stylometry to track cybercriminals in darknet forums

Darknet markets are becoming increasingly popular, making it important for law enforcement agencies to be aware of state of the art techniques on tracking and analysing key participants. In this work, we present an unsupervised method for linking user pseudonyms based on stylometry. We show on a Twitter dataset of 1,000 users that our method is 98.7\% accurate. We also construct a dataset containing the user migration after a darknet market closure. Subsequently, we use this dataset to show that our linking technique can be used to track displacement of users, even when ground truth data is not readily available. The results show that using bi-grams as input features, linkability can be achieved on a large scale. Even though effective linkability requires a minimum of 25 posts per user, we can still link a majority of active members in darknet market migrations. We also test five countermeasures to evade our linking technique and show that none of the measures would uphold if law enforcement agencies decided to perform dedicated linkage attacks.
AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF USER ONLINE SECURITY BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM A UNIVERSITY

Title of Document: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF USER ONLINE SECURITY BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM A UNIVERSITY Sruthi Bandi, Master of Information Management, 2016 Directed By: Dr. Michel Cukier, A. James Clark School of Engineering Dr. Susan Winter, College of Information Studies The ever-increasing number and severity of cybersecurity breaches makes it vital to understand the factors that make organizations vulnerable. Since humans are considered the weakest link in the cybersecurity chain of an organization, this study evaluates users’ individual differences (demographic factors, risk-taking preferences, decision-making styles and personality traits) to understand online security behavior. This thesis studies four different yet tightly related online security behaviors that influence organizational cybersecurity: device securement, password generation, proactive awareness and updating. A survey (N=369) of students, faculty and staff in a large mid-Atlantic U.S. public university identifies individual characteristics that relate to online security behavior and characterizes the higher-risk individuals that pose threats to the university’s cybersecurity. Based on these findings and insights from interviews with phishing victims, the study concludes with recommendations to help similat organizations increase end-user cybersecurity compliance and mitigate the risks caused by humans in the organizational cybersecurity chain. AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF USER ONLINE SECURITY BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM A
Argon 4 s and 4 p Excited States Atomic Data Applied in ARC-JETModeling

Evaluated atomic data concerning the 4s and 4p configurations of Ar I are averaged in order to simplify their use in various cases of Ar plasma modeling and diagnostics. These data are used here to model a low-power arcjet, running with Argon at low pressure. In so doing, they are explicitly introduced in the chemical processes included in a fluid Navier-Stokes type code, allowing for evaluation of the spectroscopically measurable level populations and of the electronic temperatures. The characteristics of the model are described and the main processes are discussed in view of the results of the calculations.
Revegetation of a salt water blowout site

A s8lt water blowout 8t 8n oil drilling rite in 1982 in 8 bodhmds UCI of western North D8kot8 aused l~vere d8nuge to the native vegeMion. A study WM initkd to me88ure the effect of reclrm8tion on soils 8nd reveget8tion of the 8ffected 8re8. Burl cover 8nd pl8nt density were me88ured on 8 portion Of the COnt8miMted ue8 followhag the blowout md in 1984 following recl8m8tk-m of the site. The contamin8ted soil ~8s rCel8hned by rdding C8CI? to irrig8tion wrter which ~86 u8ed to le8ch the upper 15 cm of the soil profile. In July 1982, 8fter the blowout, D&tichifs stricta WM essent&lly the only species growing 8t the site. In July 1984, following re&nutlon, speck with the higheet percent b8s81 cover on the reelrimed bilf were Agropyron sm&hU(Rydb.), Boutebua gmdlis (H.E.K. L8g.), 8nd D&t&h& stdctu (Torr.) Rydb. On the unreclrimed half Agropyron smithii, Dist&hli$stricta, L~pidiuw &ni~floras Schnd. , 8nd OpunHcr poipmtha HOW. h8d the highat percent baral cover. In 1984, b8881 cover of the gr88sa? on the reelrimed rite ~8s two-third8 of th8t on 8 Site with no visible d8m8ge from the 88lt water. The percent bue ground w8a still 25% on the reclaimed half of the contaminated site in 1984, but h8d incre88ed on the unreclrimed b8lf to 43% laving the surfrce open to potenti8lly serious erosion. Soil d8t8 indic8ted th8t recl8m8tion h8d successfully reduced eodium adsorption ntio (SAR) v8h1ea in the rurf8ce 15 cm to more 8cceptrble levele for veget8tion recovery-.
DNA Barcodes in Fig Cultivars (Ficus carica L.) Using ITS Regions of Ribosomal DNA, the psbA-trnH Spacer and the matK Coding Sequence

Molecular markers provide a useful method for genotype characterization and allow a high precision determination of the genetic relationship between cultivars and varieties. A system based on DNA sequences—which is known as DNA barcoding—will choose one or several standard loci which can be sequenced and compared to differentiate between species. In this research, the ITS, matK, and trnH-psbA sequences were evaluated for the molecular identification of seven F. carica genotypes, generating complete sequences for the first two loci, but unable to produce bidirectional sequences by using the trnH-psbA sequence. The ITS sequence presented the highest variation rates, while the phylogeny constructed with the matK sequence obtained the highest percentage of solved monophyletic groups. Through Pearson’s correlation analysis, it was possible to determine the existence of a significant correlation between the ITS region and psbA-trnH, and the matK and psbA-trnH sequences, but not between ITS and matK. The phylogenies constructed with the ITS + matK barcodes and ITS + matK + psbA-trnH presented the highest percentage for resolution. However, considering the cost efficiency and the facilitated recovery by using PCR, the matK + ITS combination is recommended.
Peer-to-peer programming versus individualised programming: The real world

Does programming alone depict the real world scenario? It is often said, 'In programming, One is the loneliest number'. Addressed in this paper is a strategy referred to as 'peer-to-peer programming', and the focus is within an object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm. The paper explores options available to students at secondary and university levels who are engaged in individualised programming, and potential opportunities associated with peer-to-peer programming which resemble programming in the real-world scenario. Most programmers learn to program as individuals and then are faced with the real world, programming in a team. This research was based on confirmed observation, analysis and assessment against published data and information extracted on peer-to-peer programming and its influence on contemporary instruction and comprehension of computer science programming concepts. The research was conducted within the parameters of the programming information technology curriculum at three secondary and two university-level academic institutions. Gaining the perceptions of peer-to-peer programming was arrived at through using threshold concepts in Computer Science and an interpretive paradigm. Two critical questions were posed: What are learners' experiences of programming alone and programming with a partner? How does peer-to-peer programming enhance programming in an OOP paradigm? Based on assessment and analysis of the data, our recommendation is to create an environment of peer-to-peer programming in an OOP setting which is similar to programming in a team in the real-world scenario. The benefits are not only better problem solving and better programmers but also the enhancement of good social skills.
Understanding the influence of neurodevelopmental disorders on offending: utilizing developmental psychopathology in biosocial criminology

Evidence from a wide range of countries consistently suggests a disproportionately high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders amongst young offenders in custodial institutions. This indicates an increased rate of serious and persistent offending amongst young people with diagnosable disorders, and therefore a failure of current policies and practices to address this vulnerability. Given this high prevalence, it is vital to seek better understandings of the trajectories of offending experienced by young people with specific disorders. Biosocial criminology is uniquely placed to examine this relationship, given its emphasis on the influence of biological processes on antisocial behavior and the role of social and environmental contexts in shaping the course of these processes. However, there are significant challenges and limitations to effectively modeling the complexity and heterogeneity of the influence of neurodevelopmental disorders using dominant biosocial methodologies. Addressing these concerns necessitates improved understandings of the etiology, expression and progression of particular neurodevelopmental disorders, as evident in developmental psychopathology. Understanding the particular combination of biological processes apparent in the progression of specific disorders and their influence on specific components of social functioning can inform more effective biosocial models of criminal behavior in the context of neurodevelopmental impairment.
The impact of educational attainment on household poverty in South Africa: A case study of Limpopo province1

The provision of education in South Africa during the apartheid regime was poor, particularly for the African population and especially those living in the homelands. This has hindered those lacking the required skills from obtaining lucrative employment and earning prospects. The Income and Expenditure Survey data conducted by Statistics South Africa, for the period 1995, 2000, 2005/06 and 2010/11 were used to carry out this investigation. The official absolute income poverty lines of R3864 (lower bound) and R7116 (upper bound) per annum in 2000 prices were used. In order to establish the relationship between education and poverty status of an individual, a probit regression model was used. This model helped to determine the relationship between the head of a household’s level of education and the poverty status of the household. The results obtained reveal that there is a strong tendency for lower educational attainment to be associated with a higher prevalence of household poverty. This study aims at investigating the impact of a household head’s educational attainment level on the poverty status of the individual household in South Africa, using Limpopo province as a case study. This study seeks to establish whether education has an effect on poverty alleviation in Limpopo province.
Assimilation in the Risk Preferences of Spouses

We use correlations in the risk preferences of spouses as a testbed of whether preferences are socially transmitted, rather than being innate as traditionally assumed in economics. We obtain rich measurements of the risk preferences of cohabiting spouses in the rural Ethiopian highlands. This allows us to use correlation coefficients at the level of the couple in regression analysis. We find a strong correlation between the strength of the correlation in risk preferences within a couple and how long a couple has been married. This provides direct evidence for assimilation in the risk preference of spouses, and thus for social transmission of preferences. Assortative mating appears to be less important. (JEL C93, D03, D80, O12)
Liminal moments : designing, thinking and learning

This paper provides a contextual reflection for understanding best practice teaching to first year design students. The outcome (job) focused approach to higher education has lead to some unanticipated collateral damage for students, and in the case we discuss, has altered the students’ expectations of course delivery with specific implications and challenges for design educators. This tendency in educational delivery systems is further compounded by the distinct characteristics of Generation Y students within a classroom context. It is our belief that foundational design education must focus more on process than outcomes, and through this research with first year design students we analyse and raise questions relative to the curriculum for a Design and Creative Thinking course—in which students not only benefit from learning the theories and processes of design thinking, conceptualisation and creativity, but also are encouraged to see it as an essential tool for their education and development as designers. This study considers the challenges within a design environment; specifically, we address the need for process based learning in contrast to the outcome-focused approach taken by most students. The authors base their reflections on teaching design students at a university in Queensland, Australia.
Colonisations and extinctions at multiple spatial scales : a case study in monophagous herbivores

Many plant-insect interactions show spatial structure at a hierarchy of scales. We investigate population turnover at different spatial scales in two specialist insect herbivores that feed on tansy, Tanacetum vulgare, in the Tvarminne archipelago in south-western Finland. Colonies of both aphid species form on individual ramets and in addition to the level of ramets, individuals cluster at the levels of the genet, groups of plants, and islands in the archipelago. Colonisations and extinctions were observed at all spatial levels studied. Mean persistence times in both species ranged from less than five weeks at the level of the ramet to less than 20 weeks at the level of islands, such that aphids over-wintered on only a fraction of the islands in the archipelago. Our field study suggests that aphids on tansy form a hierarchically structured metapopulation where longer-term persistence is only possible at the level of the archipelago.