Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of on‐shore behavior among polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea: inherited or learned?

Abstract Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are experiencing rapid and substantial changes to their environment due to global climate change. Polar bears of the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) have historically spent most of the year on the sea ice. However, recent reports from Alaska indicate that the proportion of the SB subpopulation observed on‐shore during late summer and early fall has increased. Our objective was to investigate whether this on‐shore behavior has developed through genetic inheritance, asocial learning, or through social learning. From 2010 to 2013, genetic data were collected from SB polar bears in the fall via hair snags and remote biopsy darting on‐shore and in the spring from captures and remote biopsy darting on the sea ice. Bears were categorized as either on‐shore or off‐shore individuals based on their presence on‐shore during the fall. Levels of genetic relatedness, first‐order relatives, mother–offspring pairs, and father–offspring pairs were determined and compared within and between the two categories: on‐shore versus off‐shore. Results suggested transmission of on‐shore behavior through either genetic inheritance or social learning as there was a higher than expected number of first‐order relatives exhibiting on‐shore behavior. Genetic relatedness and parentage data analyses were in concurrence with this finding, but further revealed mother–offspring social learning as the primary mechanism responsible for the development of on‐shore behavior. Recognizing that on‐shore behavior among polar bears was predominantly transmitted via social learning from mothers to their offspring has implications for future management and conservation as sea ice continues to decline.
Performance and egg quality characteristics of egg-type chickens as influenced by fluted pumpkin ( Telfaria occidentalis ) leaf extract

A total of 120 sixteen week old point of lay birds of the Isa Brown strain were used for the experiment to determine the effect of fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) leaf extract (FPLE) administered orally on Laying performance, egg quality characteristics; blood chemistry haematology and serum chemistry for a 12 week period. The birds were randomly assigned to five treatment groups: control group with no FPLE; 30ml FPLE/litre of drinking water; 60ml FPLE; 90ml FPLE and 120ml/litre FPLE respectively at 3 day intervals. Feed was given ad libitum. Eggs were collected at 2 week interval to determine external and internal egg qualities. Blood sampling was carried out at the twelfth week of experiment. The results show that FPLE significantly (P<0.05) increased hen day with birds in group with 120ml FPLE/litre water having higher values than other groups. External egg qualities were not influenced by FPLE inclusion. Internal egg qualities like shell weight and haugh unit were significantly increased by FPLE with birds in group with 120ml/litre FPLE having the highest significant values than birds in control and other groups. Haematological results show that for packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin were not similar for all the groups in this experiment. However results for Red blood cell count (RBC) and White blood cell count (WBC) and differential were increased with FPLE intake with birds administered 120ml/litre of FPLE having the highest values for RBC and WBC. Serum chemistry results show similarities for serum total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Total Cholesterol and Serum Alanine Transaminase (SALT). FPLE has been proven to be a haematinic in rats and broiler chickens; this present result further strengthens this assertion though the results for blood analysis are contrary to that obtained by the authors for meat type chickens. It can therefore be concluded that up to 120ml FPLE/litre of drinking water can be tolerated by egg type chickens from point of lay phase to early laying phase. Key Words : Fluted Pumpkin, Egg, haematology, Serum Biochemistry
Machine Learning for Forecasting Mid-Price Movements Using Limit Order Book Data

Forecasting the movements of stock prices is one of the most challenging problems in financial markets analysis. In this paper, we use machine learning (ML) algorithms for the prediction of future price movements using limit order book data. Two different sets of features are combined and evaluated: handcrafted features based on the raw order book data and features extracted by the ML algorithms, resulting in feature vectors with highly variant dimensionalities. Three classifiers are evaluated using combinations of these sets of features on two different evaluation setups and three prediction scenarios. Even though the large scale and high frequency nature of the limit order book poses several challenges, the scope of the conducted experiments and the significance of the experimental results indicate that the ML highly befits this task carving the path towards future research in this field.
Is It the Time for Laparoscopic Management of Early-stage Ovarian Malignancies?

The laparoscopic management of early-stage ovarian cancer remains controversial. Some surgeons hesitate to perform laparoscopic staging due to concern with the adequacy of staging, the possibility of tumor spillage and risk of port-site metastasis. Previous studies and literature reviews have reinforced the argument and supported the use of laparoscopy. However, the results were drawn with limited sample size obtained from case-series and case–control studies which result in difficult to make definite conclusions. Till date, the list of laparoscopic procedures has grown at a pace consistent with improvements in technology and technical skill of the surgeon. The number of studies with larger sample size, more prospective data, and longer duration of follow-up has been increasing. This review serves as an update on safety, feasibility, surgical, and oncological outcomes in cases of early-stage ovarian cancer treated by laparoscopic surgery of the literature published since 2008. We aim to clarify whether laparoscopy is safe and effective enough to be considered as standard management. Rely on nonrandomize studies, the current clinical evidence supports the role of laparoscopy in the management of early-stage ovarian cancer. Laparoscopy appears to offer several perioperative benefits without compromise of surgical morbidity and oncological outcome.
Review on the Utility of Trabecular Bone Score, a Surrogate of Bone Micro-architecture, in the Chronic Kidney Disease Spectrum and in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for >3 months, with implications for, among others, bone health. Advanced stages of CKD have an increased risk of fragility fractures. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a relatively new gray-level textural parameter, which provides information on bone microarchitecture and has been shown to be a good predictor of fragility fractures independently of bone density and clinical risk factors. We aimed to review the scientific literature on TBS and its utility along the CKD spectrum and in kidney transplant recipients. In total, eight articles had investigated this topic: one article in patients with reduced kidney function, two in patients on hemodialysis, and five in kidney transplant recipients. In general, all the studies had shown an association between lower values of TBS and reduced kidney function; or lower TBS values among the hemodialysis or kidney transplant patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, TBS was shown to be a good and independent predictor of fragility fractures in patients with CKD or who underwent kidney transplantation. TBS postulates itself as a valuable marker to be used in clinical practice as an assessor of bone microarchitecture and fracture risk predictor in these specific populations. However, evidence is to some extent limited and larger follow-up case-control studies would help to further investigate the TBS utility in the management of bone health damage and increased fracture risk in patients with CKD or kidney transplant.
Individual and Social Resources as Causes and Benefits of Volunteering: Evidence from Scandinavia

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Innovación tecnológica: determinantes y efectos en la industria española

LA TESIS DOCTORAL SE ESTRUCTURA EN CUATRO CAPITULOS. EL PRIMERO SE OCUPA DE DESCRIBIR LAS APORTACIONES BASICAS DE LA TEORIA ECONOMICA RESPECTO A LOS PRINCIPALES TEMAS QUE SE TRATAN EL SEGUNDO DE LOS CAPITULOS ANALIZA LOS DETERMINANTES DE LA INNOVACION PARA EL CONJUNTO DE EMPRESAS DE LA INDUSTRIA ESPANOLA Y POR TAMANOS DE EMPRESA. PARA ELLOS SE SIGUEN LOS PLANTEAMIENTOS QUE AFIRMAN QUE EL TAMANO DE EMPRESA Y LAS CARACTERISTICAS INTERINDUSTRIALES SON LAS VARIABLES CLAVE EN LA ESTIMACION EMPIRICA. EL SEGUNDO DE LOS CAPITULOS ANALIZA EL IMPACTO DE LA ACTIVIDAD TECNOLOGICA SOBRE LAS VARIABLES RENTABILIDAD Y PRODUCTIVIDAD. SE ANALIZA EL IMPACTO DE LAS INNOVACIONES PROPIAS Y DE LAS EXTERNALIDADES GENERADAS POR LAS EMPRESAS DE SECTORES AFINES. EL TERCERO DE LOS CAPITULOS ANALIZA LA LOCALIZACION DE LAS ACTIVIDADES DE INNOVACION EN EL CONTEXTO REGIONAL. LA INNOVACION REGIONAL SE APROXIMA POR EL VOLUMEN DE PATENTES SOLICITADAS EN CADA REGION. ASIMISMO, SE ESTUDIA EL IMPACTO DE LAS PATENTES SOBRE EL DESARROLLO REGIONAL. CAPITULO QUINTO: CONCLUSIONES.
Diffuse Pulmonary Alveolar Hemorrhage Secondary to All-Trans-Retinoic Acid in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

To the Editor: A 29‐year‐old Chinese woman was admitted for newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Initial laboratory tests were as follows: white blood cell (WBC) count 1.68×109/L, hemoglobin 47 g/L, platelet count 35×109/L, and fibrinogen 0.81 g/L. There was no sign of pulmonary infection or serum biochemistry abnormality on admission. She was treated with all‐transretinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) immediately. The coagulation indices were improved very soon, and there was no obvious bleeding. However, the patient developed rapidly progressing coughing with pinkish sputum and dyspnea accompanied by oliguria and facial edema since the 5th day of dual induction. Her WBC count limbed to 45.04 × 109/L and creatinine level rose to 536 μmol/L. The diagnosis of ATRA syndrome was made, and we initiated intravenous dexamethasone 10 mg twice daily with daunorubicin 40 mg daily. Continuous renal dialysis was given to save her renal function. However, her respiratory status deteriorated with refractory hypoxia so that she was subsequently intubated. Massive bloody secretions were suctioned from her endotracheal tube. Computed tomography (CT) [Figure 1] before tracheal intubation showed bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates with poorly defined nodules, air‐space consolidation, and ground‐glass opacity. The possibility of diffuse pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) secondary to ATRA was considered. Thus, we suspended ATRA immediately and continued with inflammatory‐arresting dexamethasone combined with cytoreductive daunorubicin and ATO. Fortunately, with the above‐mentioned therapy and respiratory support, her pulmonary lesion got absorbed. She was extubated successfully and achieved complete hematological remission.
Targeting GSK3 signaling as a potential therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and aging

ABSTRACT Introduction: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is at the center of cellular signaling and controls various aspects of brain functions, including development of the nervous system, neuronal plasticity and onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Areas covered: In this review, recent efforts in elucidating the roles of GSK3 in neuronal plasticity and development of brain pathologies; Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and age-related neurodegeneration are described. The effect of microglia and astrocytes on development of the pathological states is also discussed. Expert opinion: GSK3β and its signaling pathway partners hold great promise as therapeutic target(s) for a multitude of neurological disorders. Activity of the kinase is often elevated in brain disorders. However, due to the wide range of GSK3 cellular targets, global inhibition of the kinase leads to severe side-effects and GSK3 inhibitors rarely reach Phase-2 clinical trials. Thus, a selective modulation of a specific cellular pool of GSK3 or specific down- or upstream partners of the kinase might provide more efficient anti-neurodegenerative therapies.
TorsinA Is Functionally Associated with Spermatogenesis

Abstract TorsinA is a member of the AAA+ superfamily of adenosine triphosphatases. These AAA+ proteins have numerous biological functions, including vesicle fusion, cytoskeleton dynamics, intracellular trafficking, protein folding, and degradation as well as organelle biogenesis. Of particular interest is torsinA, which is mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear envelope (NE). Interestingly, mutations in the TOR1A gene (the gene encoding torsinA) are associated with DYT1 dystonia and with the preferential localization of mutated torsinA at the NE, where it is associated with lamina-associated polypeptide 1. A bioinformatics study of the torsinA interactome revealed reproductive processes to be highly relevant, as proteins in this class were found to interact with the former. Interestingly, the torsin protein family had never been previously described to be associated with the mammalian spermatogenic process. Histological staining of torsinA in human testis tissue revealed a granular cytoplasmic localization in mid- and late spermatocytes. We further sought to understand this newly discovered expression of torsinA in the meiotic phase of human spermatogenesis by studying its specific subcellular distribution. TorsinA is not present in the ER as commonly described. The proposal that torsinA might relocate to the pro-acrosomal vesicles in the Golgi apparatus is discussed.
Forward Genetics by Genome Sequencing Uncovers the Central Role of the Aspergillus niger goxB Locus in Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Glucose Oxidase Expression

Aspergillus niger is an industrially important source for gluconic acid and glucose oxidase (GOx), a secreted commercially important flavoprotein which catalyses the oxidation of β-D-glucose by molecular oxygen to D-glucolactone and hydrogen peroxide. Expression of goxC, the GOx encoding gene and the concomitant two step conversion of glucose to gluconic acid requires oxygen and the presence of significant amounts of glucose in the medium and is optimally induced at pH 5.5. The molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of goxC expression are, however, still enigmatic. Genetic studies aimed at understanding GOx induction have indicated the involvement of at least seven complementation groups, for none of which the molecular basis has been resolved. In this study, a mapping-by-sequencing forward genetics approach was used to uncover the molecular role of the goxB locus in goxC expression. Using the Illumina and PacBio sequencing platforms a hybrid high quality draft genome assembly of laboratory strain N402 was obtained and used as a reference for mapping of genomic reads obtained from the derivative NW103:goxB mutant strain. The goxB locus encodes a thioredoxin reductase. A deletion of the encoding gene in the N402 parent strain led to a high constitutive expression level of the GOx and the lactonase encoding genes required for the two-step conversion of glucose in gluconic acid and of the catR gene encoding catalase R. This high constitutive level of expression was observed to be irrespective of the carbon source and oxidative stress applied. A model clarifying the role of GoxB in the regulation of the expression of goxC involving hydrogen peroxide as second messenger is presented.
Skin-Reducing Mastectomy and Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction With Submuscular-Dermal-Mesh Pocket

Background Despite skin-sparing mastectomy techniques have significantly improved reconstructive options and aesthetic outcomes, patients with large and ptotic breasts remain a challenging group to treat satisfactorily. The Wise-pattern skin-reducing mastectomy (SRM) has been designed for this kind of patients but is not without morbidity. To improve safety, the authors reviewed their experience with a modified SRM and immediate 1-stage implant-based breast reconstruction, using a synthetic absorbable mesh combined with a dermal flap. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken to identify women with medium to large ptotic breast and medium minimally ptotic breast who had undergone SRM and direct-to-implant breast reconstruction using definitive anatomical gel implant, de-epithelialized dermal flap, and absorbable synthetic mesh, between October 2014 and December 2016. Patient demographics were queried, and complication rates, aesthetic outcomes, and patients satisfaction were assessed. Results Sixty-two procedures of SRM were performed in 56 patients. Forty-five women received contralateral symmetrization. Twenty-one overall complications occurred in 16 patients. Statistical correlation between risk factors and complications onset was assessed. Body mass index resulted the most substantial risk factor (P = 0.0028) for developing complications, whereas preoperative chemotherapy (P = 0.0050) and comorbidities (P = 0.0117) played a decent role. Smoking attitude (P = 0.1122), age (P = 0.9990), and implant weight (P = 0.1583) did not result as significant risk factors. The reconstructive outcomes were good to excellent in 92.8%, with patient satisfaction ranking very to highly satisfied in 84%. Conclusions The authors' series suggests that SRM with direct-to-implant breast reconstruction can be easily performed when an appropriate SRM pattern is designed, providing complete implant coverage with submuscular-dermal-mesh pocket.
Total Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Functional Study of 28 MOOVIS Prostheses

Background: Trapeziometacarpal prostheses have been used for more than 50 years in the treatment of first carpometacarpal joint arthritis. Even though this technique is more expensive than trapeziectomy, it has many advantages such as faster convalescence with better patient comfort and improved strength and range of motion. The aim of this study was to report the early functional results of a patient cohort treated with a dual mobility thumb carpometacarpal joint prosthesis. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to assess the functional results of 25 patients treated for trapeziometacarpal advanced osteoarthritis (Eaton and Littler stage III) with 28 MOOVIS prostheses. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included pain, range of motion, and pinch and grip strength. The average follow-up time was 27.5 months. Results: The mean pain score measured by a visual analog scale was 8 preoperatively and 1 postoperatively. The mean preoperative Kapandji opposition score was 7 and counter-opposition score was 1; postoperative scores were 10 and 4, respectively. The grip strength improved after the surgery and the results were compared separately between dominant and nondominant sides. Final functional results were good: the mean Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire score was 12, and the mean Michigan Hand Outcomes score was 87%. Conclusions: Total joint arthroplasty with a dual mobility prosthesis appears to be a satisfactory solution in our series. The absence of prosthesis instability encourages us to recommend this technique for the treatment of advanced trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis for people having an activity without too many manual constraints.
Co-morbid anaemia and stunting among children of pre-school age in low- and middle-income countries: a syndemic

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of co-morbidity of two important global health challenges, anaemia and stunting, among children aged 6–59 months in low- and middle-income countries. Design Secondary analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted 2005–2015. Child stunting and anaemia were defined using current WHO classifications. Sociodemographic characteristics of children with anaemia, stunting and co-morbidity of these conditions were compared with those of ‘healthy’ children in the sample (children who were not stunted and not anaemic) using multiple logistic models. Setting Low- and middle-income countries. Subjects Children aged 6–59 months. Results Data from 193 065 children from forty-three countries were included. The pooled proportion of co-morbid anaemia and stunting was 21·5 (95 % CI 21·2, 21·9) %, ranging from the lowest in Albania (2·6 %; 95 % CI 1·8, 3·7 %) to the highest in Yemen (43·3; 95 % CI 40·6, 46·1 %). Compared with the healthy group, children with co-morbidity were more likely to be living in rural areas, have mothers or main carers with lower educational levels and to live in poorer households. Inequality in children who had both anaemia and stunting was apparent in all countries. Conclusions Co-morbid anaemia and stunting among young children is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, especially among more disadvantaged children. It is suggested that they be considered under a syndemic framework, the Childhood Anaemia and Stunting (CHAS) Syndemic, which acknowledges the interacting nature of these diseases and the social and environmental factors that promote their negative interaction.
DEVELOPING A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR FORTHCOMING REFORMS OF UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS

*Māra Pētersone , Kārlis Ketners, Dainis Krieviņš, Ilze Kreicberga, Ingars Eriņš 1 Dr.oec. , Senior researcher, Riga Technical University, Kalnciema str.6, LV-1048, Latvia; E-mail: mara.petersone@rtu.lv 2 Dr.oec. , Prof., BA School of Business and Finance, Kr.Valdemara str.161, LV-1013, Latvia; E-mail: karlis.ketners@ba.lv 3 Dr.med., Prof., Paula Stradina Clinical University Hospital; Pilsonu str. 13, LV-1002, Latvia; E-mail: dainis.krievins@stradini.lv 4 Dr.med., Chairman of the Board, Paula Stradina Clinical University Hospital; Pilsonu str. 13, LV-1002, Latvia; E-mail: ilze.kreicberga@stradini.lv 5 Dr.oec. , Prof., Riga Technical University, Kalku str.1, LV-1050, Latvia; E-mail: ingars.erins@rtu.lv
Pre‐amyloid stage of Alzheimer's disease in cognitively normal individuals

To study risk factors for decreasing aβ1–42 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cognitively unimpaired individuals with initially normal amyloid and tau markers, and to investigate whether such aβ1–42 decreases are associated with subsequent decline in cognition and other biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.