Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Information Management

EnterpriseInformationPortals(EIPs)havebeenwidelyadoptedasplatformsfortheintegrationofknowl-edge management and information technology (IT). This study has been conducted from the knowledge management perspective in order to examine the inﬂuence of EIPs on collaborative commerce in the automobile industry. This study explores the integration of internal and external business processes and the coordination of collaborative design teams. An initial qualitative investigation explores the practical applications of an EIP in an automobile company. A research model is then formulated and tested using a questionnaire survey of the R&D department of a motor company in Taiwan. The results of the data analysisrevealthatpresenceofEIPscanhelpacompanyrealizethebeneﬁtsofc-commerce.EIPsalsocan improve collaborative commerce performance by promoting the degree of integration of the enterprise process and by strengthening the process innovation and communication of collaborative design teams. Theresultssuggestthatmanagersshouldreinforceimportantfactors,includingknowledgemanagement tools, process integration, and the quality of design teams, in order to achieve success in collaborative commerce.
International Journal of Information Management Why Do People Use Gamification Services?

In recent years, technology has been increasingly harnessed for motivating and supporting people toward various individually and collectively beneficial behaviors. One of the most popular developments in this field has been titled gamification. Gamification refers to technologies that attempt to promote intrinsic motivations toward various activities, commonly, by employing design characteristic to games. However, a dearth of empirical evidence still exists regarding why people want to use gamification services. Based on survey data gathered from the users of a gamification service, we examine the relationship between utilitarian, hedonic and social motivations and continued use intention as well as attitude toward gami-fication. The results suggest that the relationship between utilitarian benefits and use is mediated by the attitude toward the use of gamification, while hedonic aspects have a direct positive relationship with use. Social factors are strongly associated with attitude, but show only a weak further association with the intentions to continue the use of a gamification service.
Black-swan events in animal populations

Significance Black swans—statistically improbable events with profound consequences—happen more often than expected in financial, social, and natural systems. Our work demonstrates the rare but systematic presence of black-swan events in animal populations around the world (mostly birds, mammals, and insects). These events are predominantly downward, implying that unexpected population crashes occur more frequently than increases. Black-swan events are not driven by life history (e.g., lifespan) but by external causes such as extreme winters and disease. Ignoring the presence of downward black swans may severely underestimate extinction risk in animal populations, particularly under a changing climate, where such extreme events are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude. Black swans are improbable events that nonetheless occur—often with profound consequences. Such events drive important transitions in social systems (e.g., banking collapses) and physical systems (e.g., earthquakes), and yet it remains unclear the extent to which ecological population numbers buffer or suffer from such extremes. Here, we estimate the prevalence and direction of black-swan events (heavy-tailed process noise) in 609 animal populations after accounting for population dynamics (productivity, density dependence, and typical stochasticity). We find strong evidence for black-swan events in ∼4% of populations. These events occur most frequently for birds (7%), mammals (5%), and insects (3%) and are not explained by any life-history covariates but tend to be driven by external perturbations such as climate, severe winters, predators, parasites, or the combined effect of multiple factors. Black-swan events manifest primarily as population die-offs and crashes (86%) rather than unexpected increases, and ignoring heavy-tailed process noise leads to an underestimate in the magnitude of population crashes. We suggest modelers consider heavy-tailed, downward-skewed probability distributions, such as the skewed Student t used here, when making forecasts of population abundance. Our results demonstrate the importance of both modeling heavy-tailed downward events in populations, and developing conservation strategies that are robust to ecological surprises.
Consumption of whole grains and cereal fiber in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

CONTEXT Evidence from previous reviews is supportive of the hypothesis that whole grains may protect against various cancers. However, the reviews did not report risk estimates for both whole grains and cereal fiber and only case-control studies were evaluated. It is unclear whether longitudinal studies support this conclusion. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between whole grains and cereal fiber in relation to risk of lifestyle-related cancers data from longitudinal studies was evaluated. DATA SOURCES The following 3 databases were systematically searched: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL. STUDY SELECTION A total of 43 longitudinal studies conducted in Europe and North America that reported multivariable-adjusted risk estimates for whole grains (n = 14), cereal fiber (n = 23), or both (n = 6) in relation to lifestyle-related cancers were included. DATA EXTRACTION Information on study location, cohort name, follow-up duration, sample characteristics, dietary assessment method, risk estimates, and confounders was extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 20 studies examining whole grains and cancer, 6 studies reported a statistically significant 6%-47% reduction in risk, but 14 studies showed no association. Of 29 studies examining cereal fiber intake in relation to cancer, 8 showed a statistically significant 6%-49% reduction in risk, whereas 21 studies reported no association. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review concludes that most studies were suggestive of a null association. Whole grains and cereal fiber may protect against gastrointestinal cancers, but these findings require confirmation in additional studies.
Super‐Strong, Super‐Stiff Macrofibers with Aligned, Long Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers

With their impressive properties such as remarkable unit tensile strength, modulus, and resistance to heat, flame, and chemical agents that normally degrade conventional macrofibers, high‐performance macrofibers are now widely used in various fields including aerospace, biomedical, civil engineering, construction, protective apparel, geotextile, and electronic areas. Those macrofibers with a diameter of tens to hundreds of micrometers are typically derived from polymers, gel spun fibers, modified carbon fibers, carbon‐nanotube fibers, ceramic fibers, and synthetic vitreous fibers. Cellulose nanofibers are promising building blocks for future high‐performance biomaterials and textiles due to their high ultimate strength and stiffness resulting from a highly ordered orientation along the fiber axis. For the first time, an effective fabrication method is successfully applied for high‐performance macrofibers involving a wet‐drawing and wet‐twisting process of ultralong bacterial cellulose nanofibers. The resulting bacterial cellulose macrofibers yield record high tensile strength (826 MPa) and Young's modulus (65.7 GPa) owing to the large length and the alignment of nanofibers along fiber axis. When normalized by weight, the specific tensile strength of the macrofiber is as high as 598 MPa g−1 cm3, which is even substantially stronger than the novel lightweight steel (227 MPa g−1 cm3).
NÍVEIS DE FORÇA E COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL EM ATLETAS DE KARATE

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of body composition, strength and power in athletes of karate, and verify that inflences the adiposity levels in muscular streght. Nine athletes of karate (intermediate ans advanced) participated in this stydy, with 27,8 ± 13,9 years old. We evaluated anthropometric variables: body composition, strength, flexibility and Power. We conducted percetage and descriptive (mean, standart deviation) statistical analysis and Spearman test (p<0,05). The levels of strehgth and are composition are as expected for the population. However, they could be decreased levels of % fat and fat mass. Levels of adiosity were related inversely with the strength.
Episodic specificity induction impacts activity in a core brain network during construction of imagined future experiences

Significance Recent behavioral studies using an episodic specificity induction—training in recollecting details of past experiences—have suggested a role for episodic memory in imagining future events, solving problems, and thinking creatively. The present fMRI study examines the brain regions impacted by the specificity induction. The experiment shows that receiving a specificity induction led to increased activity in key brain regions previously implicated in detailed event construction, including the hippocampus and inferior parietal lobule, when participants imagined future events. These results provide insights into the influence of episodic memory beyond simple remembering, and may help to guide potential applications for individuals from populations characterized by overgeneralized memory and imagination, such as healthy aging and clinical depression. Recent behavioral work suggests that an episodic specificity induction—brief training in recollecting the details of a past experience—enhances performance on subsequent tasks that rely on episodic retrieval, including imagining future experiences, solving open-ended problems, and thinking creatively. Despite these far-reaching behavioral effects, nothing is known about the neural processes impacted by an episodic specificity induction. Related neuroimaging work has linked episodic retrieval with a core network of brain regions that supports imagining future experiences. We tested the hypothesis that key structures in this network are influenced by the specificity induction. Participants received the specificity induction or one of two control inductions and then generated future events and semantic object comparisons during fMRI scanning. After receiving the specificity induction compared with the control, participants exhibited significantly more activity in several core network regions during the construction of imagined events over object comparisons, including the left anterior hippocampus, right inferior parietal lobule, right posterior cingulate cortex, and right ventral precuneus. Induction-related differences in the episodic detail of imagined events significantly modulated induction-related differences in the construction of imagined events in the left anterior hippocampus and right inferior parietal lobule. Resting-state functional connectivity analyses with hippocampal and inferior parietal lobule seed regions and the rest of the brain also revealed significantly stronger core network coupling following the specificity induction compared with the control. These findings provide evidence that an episodic specificity induction selectively targets episodic processes that are commonly linked to key core network regions, including the hippocampus.
Pharmacological targeting of C5a receptors during organ preservation improves kidney graft survival

Cadaveric renal transplants suffer frequently from delayed graft function, which is associated with increased risk for long‐term graft survival loss. One‐third of kidney grafts that are stored in current organ preservation solutions experience delayed graft function, demonstrating the urgent need for improvement. Although ischaemic graft injury is complex in nature, complement activation is considered important to the process. Here we show that pharmacological targeting of the complement 5a receptor (C5aR) during cold ischaemia has a protective effect on early kidney graft survival, inflammation and apoptosis in a mouse model of syngeneic kidney transplantation. Graft survival of kidneys that were stored in University of Wisconsin solution in the presence of a C5aR antagonist increased from 29% to 57%. Increased graft survival was associated with less tubular damage and apoptosis, protection from sustained C5aR expression and decreased production of tumour necrosis factor‐α and macrophage inflammatory protein‐2. In a translational approach, we determined C5aR expression in paediatric living‐related and cadaveric allografts. C5aR expression was significantly higher in all compartments of kidneys from cadaveric compared with kidneys from living‐related donors. C5aR expression in cadaveric kidneys correlated positively with cold ischaemia time, renal dysfunction and the frequency of apoptotic tubular cells, suggesting a novel role for C5a in delayed graft function pathogenesis. Supplementing organ preservation solutions with C5aR inhibitors may improve early graft function following cadaveric kidney transplantation.
Evidence for environmental and ecological selection in a microbe with no geographic limits to gene flow

Significance Marine microbes exhibit enormous genetic diversity and drive global biogeochemical processes. Diatoms are some of the most diverse and ecologically influential marine microbes, generating about 40% of global marine primary production. The physical and ecological processes that maintain diversity in marine microbes are widely debated. Here, using empirical evidence from a diatom species, we show that geographic distance between sites does not correlate with genetic divergence. Instead, environmental and ecological selection likely exert a stronger influence than dispersal on the divergence and connectivity of diatom populations throughout the globe. Understanding mechanisms driving divergence and selection of marine microbial populations has enormous potential for improving predictions of global productivity in response to a rapidly changing marine environment. The ability for organisms to disperse throughout their environment is thought to strongly influence population structure and thus evolution of diversity within species. A decades-long debate surrounds processes that generate and support high microbial diversity, particularly in the ocean. The debate concerns whether diversification occurs primarily through geographic partitioning (where distance limits gene flow) or through environmental selection, and remains unresolved due to lack of empirical data. Here we show that gene flow in a diatom, an ecologically important eukaryotic microbe, is not limited by global-scale geographic distance. Instead, environmental and ecological selection likely play a more significant role than dispersal in generating and maintaining diversity. We detected significantly diverged populations (FST > 0.130) and discovered temporal genetic variability at a single site that was on par with spatial genetic variability observed over distances of 15,000 km. Relatedness among populations was decoupled from geographic distance across the global ocean and instead, correlated significantly with water temperature and whole-community chlorophyll a. Correlations with temperature point to the importance of environmental selection in structuring populations. Correlations with whole-community chlorophyll a, a proxy for autotrophic biomass, suggest that ecological selection via interactions with other plankton may generate and maintain population genetic structure in marine microbes despite global-scale dispersal. Here, we provide empirical evidence for global gene flow in a marine eukaryotic microbe, suggesting that everything holds the potential to be everywhere, with environmental and ecological selection rather than geography or dispersal dictating the structure and evolution of diversity over space and time.
Leishmania surface protein gp63 binds directly to human natural killer cells and inhibits proliferation

Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to immunity as the first line of defence in numerous infections by early cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity. In Leishmania infection, NK cells contribute with interferon‐γ and may assist in directing the immune response towards T helper type 1, which is essential for successful control of the parasites. Thus, NK cells may play an important role in both resistance and control of the infection. However, during Leishmania infection NK cells show signs of suppression. To explore the reason for this suppression, we exposed naive and interleukin (IL)‐2 activated NK cells directly to promastigotes of Leishmania major in vitro. As a rapid consequence of contact between naive NK cells and promastigotes, expression of NK cell receptors show significant changes. We identify one of the major surface molecules of promastigotes, glycoprotein (gp) 63, as an important agent for these suppressive effects by using promastigotes of a gp63ko strain of L. major. Furthermore, proliferation of IL‐2‐activated purified NK cells is suppressed after exposure to the wild‐type but not to gp63ko promastigotes. However, gp63ko L. major induced no NK cell proliferation when NK cells were co‐cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells populations such as CD14+ monocytes or T cells.
Psikolojik Danışman Eğitiminde Akreditasyonun Gereği ve Bir Model Önerisi

In this article, a first, it is focused on the nature of accrediaton in counselor education, the accreditation process, and its characteristics. Then, an accreditation model is recommended for coww.se/or education in Turkey; the basic elements of this model, the basic assumptions of counselor education and the levels of counselor education programs: in Turkey are described: in detail. Later on, some recommendations are made in order to practice this' accreditation model effectivefy^in::: Turkey.
Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test in Individuals with Stroke

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess intra- and inter-rater reliability of the ‘The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)’ in adults with stroke, based on video recordings of their test performances. Methods: We included 24 adults with stroke classified at four different ambulatory levels, ranging from the ability to ambulate within the household only, to normal ambulation. Mini-BESTest performance of the participants were filmed and then scored by three raters twice, with four weeks between the sessions. None of the raters had used the test prior to the study, but attended a three-hour training session to become familiar with the test and scoring instructions just before study-start. Relative reliability was investigated for by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC1.1 and ICC3.1). Absolute reliability was assessed by calculating within-subject standard deviation (sw) and smallest detectable difference (SDD). For each individual items of the Mini-BESTest, Cohen’s kappa (k) was calculated. Results: The study showed that the Mini-BESTest had excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC1.1=0.94−0.99 and ICC3.1=0.97−0.99) and inter-rater reliability (ICC1.1=0.97−0.99 and ICC3.1=0.97−0.99). Kappa values for the individual items ranged between 0.21 and 1.00. The majority of items (intra-rater=88%, inter-rater=78%) showed very good or good agreement. The smallest detectable change at 95% confidence interval was ≤4 points for intra-rater assessments and ≤ 3 points for inter-rater assessments. Conclusions: We conclude that the reliability of the Mini-BESTest based on video recordings of adults with stroke is excellent, even though the ratings are performed by novice assessors.
Balance between herpes viruses and immunosuppression after lung transplantation

This thesis focuses on the interplay between two Herpes Virus infections and the immunosuppression used after solid organ (and especially lung) transplantation. It starts with the description of diagnostic tools of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and their therapeutic implications. Then it addresses the major clinical complication of a second herpes virus, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), namely Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD). These chapters describe the work done to come to a diagnostic tool to predict patients at risk for PTLD and they discuss clinical presentation and treatment of PTLD. We come to the new conclusion that EBV is associated with transplant dysfunction. We subsequently implemented a pre-emptive strategy for PTLD in our lung transplant program, and the results are shown in chapter 11 and 12. Finally, we propose that EBV DNA load can be used as a surrogate marker for over-immunosuppression after lung (and probably also other solid organ) transplantation, and, thus may help to guide and individualize immunosuppression. This summary contains two parts: the first part introduces the different chapters and describes their most important results, the second part summarizes the conclusions and speculates on the clinical implications and future perspective/research.
Janus effect of antifreeze proteins on ice nucleation

Significance In the past decades, a vast body of experimental and theoretical work has been undertaken to investigate the molecular level mechanism underlying heterogeneous ice nucleation. However, understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation is still far from satisfactory. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are endowed with the unique ability to control freezing. Our research reveals the exact effect of AFPs on ice nucleation at the molecular level, which correlates ice nucleation with the surface chemistry and topography of different faces of AFPs. We also emphasize a critical role for the non–ice-binding face of AFPs and discover that the proper function of AFPs is realized only by synergistic effects of the non–ice-binding face and the ice-binding face. The mechanism of ice nucleation at the molecular level remains largely unknown. Nature endows antifreeze proteins (AFPs) with the unique capability of controlling ice formation. However, the effect of AFPs on ice nucleation has been under debate. Here we report the observation of both depression and promotion effects of AFPs on ice nucleation via selectively binding the ice-binding face (IBF) and the non–ice-binding face (NIBF) of AFPs to solid substrates. Freezing temperature and delay time assays show that ice nucleation is depressed with the NIBF exposed to liquid water, whereas ice nucleation is facilitated with the IBF exposed to liquid water. The generality of this Janus effect is verified by investigating three representative AFPs. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis shows that the Janus effect can be established by the distinct structures of the hydration layer around IBF and NIBF. Our work greatly enhances the understanding of the mechanism of AFPs at the molecular level and brings insights to the fundamentals of heterogeneous ice nucleation.
Polyhedral 30‐Faceted BiVO4 Microcrystals Predominantly Enclosed by High‐Index Planes Promoting Photocatalytic Water‐Splitting Activity

Unprecedented 30‐faceted BiVO4 polyhedra predominantly surrounded by {132}, {321}, and {121} high‐index facets are fabricated through the engineering of high‐index surfaces by a trace amount of Au nanoparticles. The growth of high‐index facets results in a 3–5 fold enhancement of O2 evolution from photocatalytic water splitting by the BiVO4 polyhedron, relative to its low‐index counterparts. Theory calculations reveal that water dissociation is more energetically favorable on the high‐index surfaces than on the low‐index (010), (110), and (101) surfaces, which is accompanied by a notable reduction in the overpotential (0.77–1.14 V) for the oxygen evolution reaction. The apparent quantum efficiency of O2 generation without an external electron supply reaches 18.3% under 430 nm light irradiation, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of the catalysts reported hitherto.