Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The projected effect on insects, vertebrates, and plants of limiting global warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C

One and a half degrees on biodiversity Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth and are ubiquitous in terrestrial food webs. We have little information about their fate in a changing climate; data are scant for insects compared with other groups of organisms. Warren et al. performed a global-scale analysis of the effects of climate change on insect distribution (see the Perspective by Midgley). For vertebrates and plants, the number of species losing more than half their geographic range by 2100 is halved when warming is limited to 1.5°C, compared with projected losses at 2°C. But for insects, the number is reduced by two-thirds. Science, this issue p. 791; see also p. 714 Limiting global warming to 1.5°C protects against half of the risks of 2°C warming for plants and vertebrates and two-thirds of the risks to insects. In the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the United Nations is pursuing efforts to limit global warming to 1.5°C, whereas earlier aspirations focused on a 2°C limit. With current pledges, corresponding to ~3.2°C warming, climatically determined geographic range losses of >50% are projected in ~49% of insects, 44% of plants, and 26% of vertebrates. At 2°C, this falls to 18% of insects, 16% of plants, and 8% of vertebrates and at 1.5°C, to 6% of insects, 8% of plants, and 4% of vertebrates. When warming is limited to 1.5°C as compared with 2°C, numbers of species projected to lose >50% of their range are reduced by ~66% in insects and by ~50% in plants and vertebrates.
Loss of sonic hedgehog gene leads to muscle development disorder and megaesophagus in mice

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is crucial for organogenesis in the foregut. This study investigated the function of Shh at the late‐gestational stage; during which, the esophagus continues to differentiate. We established cytokeratin 14 (CK14)‐Cre;Shhfl/fl mice in which the down‐regulation of Shh in the epithelium occurred at approximately the same time as esophageal muscle conversion. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining, with antibodies against keratin 14, Shh, patched 1 (Ptch1), Gli1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA), high‐molecular‐weight caldesmon (hCD), myogenin, paired box 7 (Pax7), β3‐tubulin, and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), was performed to detect specific tissue dysplasia. Organ culture was conducted in vitro, and total mRNA was extracted to determine the transcriptional dysregulation. The esophagus of CK14‐Cre; Shhfl/fl mice developed into an independent tube with an obvious dilatation at postnatal d 0.5. The number of cell layers and the expression of PCNA were decreased in mutant mice, compared with those in wild‐type mice. The expression of hCD declined progressively in the middle, distal, and lower esophageal sphincter levels of the mutant esophagus from embryonic d 17.5, compared with the expression in wild‐type littermates. Pax7 accumulation and myogenin reduction in mutant mice indicated that esophageal skeletal‐myoblast progression was blocked. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant down‐regulation of genes involved in proliferation and muscular motivation in CK14‐Cre;Shhfl/fl mice. Thus, loss of Shh at the late‐ gestational stage leads to megaesophagus with reduced proliferation and a muscle development disorder in mice. mice. —Jia, X. , Min, L. , Zhu, S. , Zhang, S. , Huang, X. Loss of sonic hedgehog gene leads to muscle development disorder and megaesophagus in mice. FASEB J. 32, 5703–5715 (2018). www.fasebj. org
Cereal progenitors differ in stand harvest characteristics from related wild grasses

The domestication of crops in the Fertile Crescent began approximately 10,000 years ago indicating a change from a hunter‐gatherer lifestyle to a sedentary, agriculture‐based existence. The exploitation of wild plants changed during this transition, such that a small number of crops were domesticated from the broader range of species gathered from the wild. However, the reasons for this change are unclear. Previous studies have shown unexpectedly that crop progenitors are not consistently higher yielding than related wild grass species, when growing without competition. In this study, we replicate more closely natural competition within wild stands, using two greenhouse experiments to investigate whether cereal progenitors exhibit a greater seed yield per unit area than related wild species that were not domesticated. Stands of cereal progenitors do not provide a greater total seed yield per unit ground area than related wild species, but these crop progenitors do have greater reproductive efficiency than closely related wild species, with nearly twice the harvest index (the ratio of harvested seeds to total shoot dry mass). These differences arise because the progenitors have greater seed yield per tiller than closely related wild species, due to larger individual seed size but no reduction in seed number per tiller. The harvest characteristics of cereal progenitors may have made them a more attractive prospect than closely related wild species for the early cultivators who first planted these species, or could suggest an ecological filtering mechanism. Synthesis. Overall, we show that the maintenance of a high harvest index under competition, the packaging of seed in large tillers, and large seeds, consistently distinguish crop progenitors from closely related wild grass species. However, the archaeological significance of these findings remains unclear, since a number of more distantly related species, including wild oats, have an equally high or higher harvest index and yield than some of the progenitor species. Domestication of the earliest cereal crops from the pool of wild species available cannot therefore be explained solely by species differences in yield and harvest characteristics, and must also consider other plant traits.
Global Outsourcing and Wage Inequality in Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from South Korea

Abstract A substantial number of studies have suggested that global outsourcing can induce wage inequality. As Feenstra and Hanson [(1996a) Foreign investment, outsourcing, and relative wage, in: R. C. Feestra, G. M. Hanson, and D. A. Irwin (Eds.) Political Economy of Trade Policy: Essays in Honor of Jagdish Bhagwati (Cambridge: The MIT Press), pp. 89–127] argued, global outsourcing is comparable to skill-biased technological change in that global outsourcing is more likely to increase the wage of skilled workers rather than their unskilled counterparts. We examine the effects of outsourcing on wage of skilled and unskilled workers in Korea's manufacturing sector with a focus on the dissimilar effects of outsourcing to developed countries (DCs) and less developed countries (LDCs) on relative wage. The results of system and difference GMM estimation based on manufacturing data from 1992 to 2006 indicate that outsourcing to DCs and LDCs have opposite (and significant) effects on relative wage, that is, outsourcing to DCs (LDCs) decreases the wage of skilled (unskilled) workers.
Effect of Re-Using Vernalization Bulbs on Growth and Development of Lilies

Purpose: Selecting bulbs based on their quality as planting materials is a critical point in obtaining high qualified growth and development of lilies, however published reports in re-using bulbs on cultivation of lilies were still limited. Objective of the research was to reveal effect of re-using vernalization bulbs on growth and development of lily. The research was conducted in plastic house of Segunung Experimental Gerden, Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute. Research Method: Materials used in the study were lily bulbs harvested from the third cultivation period of Asiatic lily, Lilium ‘Delina’, L. ‘Liana’, L. longiflorum and L. ‘Renata’; two bulb sizes of them were grade A and B. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replications. Main plot was two bulb sizes of the grade A and B; while sub-plot was five lily varieties of Asiatic, Delina, Liana, Longiflorum and Renata. Findings: Results of the study revealed that re-utilizing lily bulbs harvested from third cultivation period still had high potential in obtaining better growth and development of lily both vegetatively and generatively. The such bulbs kept resulting in optimal growth performances in all lilies tested. Higher bulb sizes produced better lily performances vegetatively and generatively; grade A > grade B in the most varieables observed, while lily varieties indicated varied responses in all variables observed. The best variety of lily growth and preformances vegetatively was showed by Longiflorum, however better generative growth and performances was noted on Liana. While in interaction effect, grade A of Delina gave better results in initial influorescent formation after 71.3 days after culture with 102.3 days initial flower buds opened, 100% plants flowered, 3 flower buds per plant, 18.7 cm flower bud diameter and 45mm bulb diameter. The results of the study gave evidents that re-utilizing lily bulbs derived from third cultivation period still could be applied to produce better quality and quantity of lily flowers. Limitations: The limitations of the research are apparent to the fact that the research was only focused on re-utilization of lily bulbs harvested from third cultivation period. Originality/ Value: Results of the research can be used as important considerations for growers and farmers on producing maximal lily flower on fulfilling market and customer demand under re-utilization of lily bulbs.
Lipid Patterns in Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism of Non-Obese Group in Rural Tertiary Care Centre

Dyslipidemia is an abnormal lipid metabolism leads to elevation in serum lipids results in hyperlipidemias, particularly hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceredemia or combined, which intern predisposes atherosclerosis and then triggers micro or macro vascular complications like cardiovascular and cerebro vascular system. The purpose of this case control study was to correlate atherogenic lipid abnormalities in sub clinical hypothyroidism to non sub clinical hypothyroid patients. This study was done at the Department of Biochemistry, DR. PSIMS & RF foundation Chinaoutpally, A.P. India between Jan 2012 to Dec 2012. 100 patients (50 Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism, 50 age and sex matched controls) above 18 years of age were included in the study. The mean TSH was Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism was 9.96 + 3.57 and in controls was 2.26 + 1.45 (p = 0.05). The mean Cholesterol levels were 218.1+35.75 and 158.95+26.45 in Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism and control groups respectively. The mean Triglyceride levels were 172.85+81.25 and 131.05+60.65 in Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism and control groups respectively Mean HDL Cholesterol levels of males was lower than females in Sub Clinical Hypothyroid groups (p – Value <0.05). The study concludes that Dyslipidemia is more common in sub clinical hypothyroidism and it enhances the risk of premature atherosclerosis causing cardiovascular and cerebro vascular complications.
Biological Activity of Phytochemical Compounds in Pomegranate - A Review

Plant phytochemicals in pomegranate including flavonoids, punicalagin, ellagic acid and punicic acid have a wide range of potential applications in human pathology. Classically they act as anti-oxidants through several mechanisms including auto-oxidation and inhibition of lipid peroxidation however their role has expanded into other areas. By interacting with important cellular signal cascades including NFκB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt they can attenuate deleterious processes in inflammation and atherogenesis. Mediation of these signal cascades as well as regulation of other mechanisms like nuclear micro-RNA expression and the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway allows these compounds to decrease aberrant cell cycle progression and inhibit abnormal anti-apoptotic cell survival mechanisms resulting in antagonism of oncogenic and tumorigenic processes. Other possible applications include management of diabetes through PPAR agonism and anti-microbial capabilities. These remarkable properties present promising potential in critical areas of human disease and highlight the value of further investigation into the therapeutic applications of pomegranate compounds and other phytochemicals.
An Empirical Investigation of NYSE Volume and Price Reactions to the Announcement of Quarterly Earnings

A number of papers have appeared recently describing studies dealing with the usefulness of interim reports. Several of these evaluated the predictability of interim reports vis-A-vis the annual income number. ' Others dealt with the use of quarterly earnings figures as filter techniques in selecting stocks which produced higher than average returns over a following six-month time span. Two studies relied on questionnaires mailed to members of analysts' organizations in an effort to determine how analysts use interim statements.8 The results indicated that respond-
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers fed with different levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product

ABSTRACT Fermented products and components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been widely used in animal nutrition to promote the development and quality of broilers. This study aims to evaluate different levels of inclusion (0, 250, 750, 1,500 g/t) of S. cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) in broiler feed to gauge its effect on carcass characteristics and cuts beyond the quality of breast meat. For analyses of carcass yield, cuts, and meat quality, 16 broilers per treatment were slaughtered. The meat quality analyses were performed 24 h after slaughter and evaluated color, pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and shear force. Lipid oxidation was determined in frozen breast samples stored at ‐20°C for 45 d. The results indicate that different levels of inclusion of SCFP provided no changes in carcass yield, color, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and shear force; however, inclusion of 1,500 g/t of SCFP increased leg yield and reduced pH. The inclusion of 750 g/t of SCFP decreased the lipid oxidation of breast meat (P < 0.05). This study concluded that inclusion of SCFP may improve leg yield and the lipid oxidation of breast meat.
Colour for Behavioural Success

Colour information not only helps sustain the survival of animal species by guiding sexual selection and foraging behaviour but also is an important factor in the cultural and technological development of our own species. This is illustrated by examples from the visual arts and from state-of-the-art imaging technology, where the strategic use of colour has become a powerful tool for guiding the planning and execution of interventional procedures. The functional role of colour information in terms of its potential benefits to behavioural success across the species is addressed in the introduction here to clarify why colour perception may have evolved to generate behavioural success. It is argued that evolutionary and environmental pressures influence not only colour trait production in the different species but also their ability to process and exploit colour information for goal-specific purposes. We then leap straight to the human primate with insight from current research on the facilitating role of colour cues on performance training with precision technology for image-guided surgical planning and intervention. It is shown that local colour cues in two-dimensional images generated by a surgical fisheye camera help individuals become more precise rapidly across a limited number of trial sets in simulator training for specific manual gestures with a tool. This facilitating effect of a local colour cue on performance evolution in a video-controlled simulator (pick-and-place) task can be explained in terms of colour-based figure-ground segregation facilitating attention to local image parts when more than two layers of subjective surface depth are present, as in all natural and surgical images.
Unconventional Monetary Policy, Media Uncertainty, and Expected Stock Market Volatility

This paper investigates the relationship between unconventional monetary policy, media uncertainty, and expected stock market volatility. We find that (1) expansionary unconventional monetary policy shocks induce higher media uncertainty as news reports aim to describe the uncertain economic environment leading up to these monetary policy events; and (2) that expansionary unconventional monetary shocks, when coupled with higher media uncertainty, lead to higher subsequent realizations of expected stock market volatility. These effects, which are asymmetric across the different rounds of the Federal Reserve's Quantitative Easing program, then reverse after several days in line with a behavioral interpretation of the results.
Health professional perspective on disability in head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate problems after head and neck cancer (HNC) from the multidisciplinary team perspective; to classify the results using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF); and to compare the results with a patient perspective. DESIGN Internet-based survey. PARTICIPANTS There were 103 participants from 27 countries: 50 physicians (otolaryngologists, maxillofacial specialists, and radiation and medical oncologists) and 53 nonphysicians (dentists, psychologists, physiotherapists, speech swallowing therapists, nurses, and social workers). INTERVENTIONS Health professionals involved in the treatment of HNC were asked about relevant problems. The survey was Internet based and included 5 questions, 1 for each of the ICF components: Body Functions, Body Structures, Activities and Participation, and contextual Environmental and Personal factors. Answers were translated into ICF categories by 2 independent researchers, and frequencies were calculated. The results were compared with the outcomes of patient interviews based on similar questions. RESULTS A total of 3643 different answers translated into the ICF using 160 different second-level ICF categories. Less than 1% of answers were not covered by the ICF. There was high consistency in the ratings of food ingestion, pain, and the relevance of the immediate family. In general, health professionals tended to emphasize aspects of anatomical defects and body image, whereas areas of speech and exercise tolerance functions were more often named by patients. CONCLUSIONS The ICF seems to be a comprehensive tool for classifying problems after HNC from the multidisciplinary health professional perspective. There are important differences between the health professional and patient perspectives. We should be aware of this during cancer follow-up sessions and in the creation of rehabilitation plans.
The Use of Edmodo in Creating an Online Learning Community of Practice for Learning to Teach Science

This study aimed to create an online community of practice by creating a virtual classroom in the Edmodo application and ascertain the opinions of pre-service primary teachers about the effects of Edmodo on their learning to teach science and availability of Edmodo. The research used a case study, which is one method of descriptive research. During the implementation process, pre-service primary teachers used Edmodo to share activities they had designed that centred on the scientific concepts taught in primary science education programmes. They also shared their diary entries that outlined their experiences and views after they had practised their activities in a real classroom. 58 pre-service primary teachers participated in the study. The author developed a questionnaire and it included one closed-ended and six open-ended questions; the questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. The pre-service primary teachers used Edmodo for 12 weeks. Descriptive and content analysis methods were used to analyse the data obtained from the study. The results obtained from the data analysis showed that pre-service primary teachers generally had positive views about the use of Edmodo in teacher education programmes. Most pre-service primary teachers stated that Edmodo provides the possibility of sharing knowledge, experiences and views. However, some pre-service teachers stated that Edmodo has some limitations; for example, the fact that it requires the user to have internet access. As a result, it can be said that Edmodo can be used to create an online community of practice in teacher education programmes.
FireWorks: a dynamic workflow system designed for high‐throughput applications

This paper introduces FireWorks, a workflow software for running high‐throughput calculation workflows at supercomputing centers. FireWorks has been used to complete over 50 million CPU‐hours worth of computational chemistry and materials science calculations at the National Energy Research Supercomputing Center. It has been designed to serve the demanding high‐throughput computing needs of these applications, with extensive support for (i) concurrent execution through job packing, (ii) failure detection and correction, (iii) provenance and reporting for long‐running projects, (iv) automated duplicate detection, and (v) dynamic workflows (i.e., modifying the workflow graph during runtime). We have found that these features are highly relevant to enabling modern data‐driven and high‐throughput science applications, and we discuss our implementation strategy that rests on Python and NoSQL databases (MongoDB). Finally, we present performance data and limitations of our approach along with planned future work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient response of the Northwestern Iberian upwelling regime

The hydrography and dynamics of NW Iberian margin were explored for July 2009, based on a set of in situ and remote sensing observations. Zonal sections of standard CTD casts, towed CTD (SeaSoar), Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) and Lagrangian surveys were made to characterize cycles of upwelling and relaxation in this region. Two periods of northerly winds, bounded by relaxation periods, were responsible for the formation of an upwelling front extending to the shelf edge. An equatorward flow was quickly set up on the shelf responding to the northerly wind pulses. South of Cape Silleiro, the development and subsequent relaxation of an upwelling event was intensively surveyed in the shelf, following a Lagrangian drifter transported by the upwelling jet. This region is part of an upwelling center extending from Cape Silleiro to Porto, where the surface temperature was colder than the neighboring regions, under upwelling favorable winds. As these winds relaxed, persistent poleward flow developed, originating south of the upwelling center and consisting in an inner-shelf tongue of warm waters. During an event of strong southerly wind, the poleward flow was observed to extend to the whole continental shelf. Although the cruise was executed during summertime, the presence of river-plumes was observed over the shelf. The interaction of the plumes with the circulation on the shelf was also described in terms of coastal convergence and offshore advection. The sampling of the offshore and slope regions showed the presence of the Iberian poleward current offshore and a persistent equatorward flow over the upper slope.