Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volume behavior of the 10 Å phase at high pressures and temperatures, with implications for H2O content

Abstract The 10 Å phase is a high-pressure hydrous magnesium silicate whose composition appears to depend on synthesis conditions. We have measured the compressibility to 10.5 GPa and thermal expansivity to 400 °C of samples of 10 Å phase synthesized in long experiments (400 and 169 h, respectively) designed to maximize compositional equilibrium. The structure was refined using a metrically trigonal unit cell. Compression is highly anisotropic, especially over the first 2 GPa of compression, indicating weak bonding across the interlayer. There is an inflection in the compression curve of c at 8 GPa, suggesting a change in compression mechanism or the onset of non-hydrostaticity in the pressure medium. Fitting the compression data collected below 8 GPa to a Murnaghan equation-of-state gives V0 = 734.8(7) Å3, K0 = 25(1) GPa, K′ = 18(1). Thermal expansion is also strongly anisotropic: coefficients for data up to 200 °C are αa = 0.15(5) × 10-5 K-1, αc = 3.1(2) × 10-5 K-1, αV = 3.4(2) × 10-5 K-1. Above 200 °C, the expansivity of c decreased, and all parameters showed a contraction after the experiment, suggesting partial dehydration at high temperatures. Comparison of our compressibility data with those of previous studies suggests that 10 Å phase synthesized in short experiments does not retain all of its interlayer H2O during quenching and decompression. In contrast, samples annealed for many hours at high pressure and temperature are stabilized by small amounts of hydrogarnet-type substitution and consequent hydrogen bond strengthening.
Production and transport mechanisms of NO in the polar upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere in observations and models

Abstract. A reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) in the lower thermosphere efficiently cools the atmosphere after periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. Transport from this reservoir to the stratosphere within the winter polar vortex allows NO to deplete ozone levels and thereby affect the middle atmospheric heat budget. As more climate models resolve the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region, the need for an improved representation of NO-related processes increases. This work presents a detailed comparison of NO in the Antarctic MLT region between observations made by the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) instrument on-board the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite and simulations performed by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with Specified Dynamics (SD-WACCM). We investigate 8 years of SOFIE observations, covering the period 2007–2015, and focus on the Southern Hemisphere (SH), rather than on dynamical variability in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) or a specific geomagnetic perturbed event. The morphology of the simulated NO is in agreement with observations though the long-term mean is too high and the short-term variability is too low in the thermosphere. Number densities are more similar during winter, though the altitude of peak NO density, which reaches between 102 and 106 km in WACCM and between 98 and 104 km in SOFIE, is most separated during winter. Using multiple linear regression (MLR) and superposed epoch analysis (SEA) methods, we investigate how well the NO production and transport are represented in the model. The impact of geomagnetic activity is shown to drive NO variations in the lower thermosphere similarly across both datasets. The dynamical transport from the lower thermosphere into the mesosphere during polar winter is found to agree very well with a descent rate of about 2.2 km day−1 in the 80–110 km region in both datasets. The downward-transported NO fluxes are, however, too low in WACCM, which is likely due to medium energy electrons (MEE) and D-region ion chemistry that are not represented in the model.
The Impact of Life Course on Motivation and Work Satisfaction in an Irish Context

Work in contemporary organisations and the elements which drive high performance is becoming more complex and ambiguous as the working environment too has evolved. It is therefore paramount that employers and management understand what drives motivation, in both its intrinsic and extrinsic form, which in essence forms the basis of this research study. In endeavouring to comprehend the drivers of such motivation, and in turn work satisfaction, the present study sets out to examine the levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation across multiple industries, assessing variations or commonalities in terms of gender, age and life course. By way of a quantitative approach the researcher has gathered 115 responses in which inferences can be made around motivation and work satisfaction throughout the life course of an individual. In understanding and having this information available, managers can effectively manage and motivate their entire workforce, tailoring the means and methods to suit the demographic at hand, with the ultimate aim of increasing productivity and commitment to the organisation.
Biological assessment of the Baltic Sea 2014

In 2020, a total of 153 phytoplankton species were recorded on 4 annual monitoring cruises reported here, marking a species diversity comparable to previous years. Mean annual phytoplankton biomass was lower in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019, but close to the 20-year mean. The spring bloom of 2020 was represented by only two cruises, taking place in February and May, thus missing the peak of the bloom season that is usually captured by the March cruise. As in previous years, in 2020 a diatom dominated spring bloom started in February at the southernmost station in Kiel Bight. While “travelling” successively northward, dominance changed from diatoms (Skeletonema marinoi) to the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. By May, the now dinoflagellate dominated bloom was already declining. The late spring community contained high biomass shares of small, unidentified gymnodinoids as well as colonial cyanobacteria. The summer phytoplankton community was unusual in 2020 as in the Belt Sea and the Arkona Basin it contained high biomass shares of the diatom Dactyosolen fragilissimus. The toxic invasive dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax was a dominant species in the Belt Sea. Cyanobacteria dominated the northern Basins, but total phytoplankton biomass was, generally low. The phytoplankton growth period extended well into the autumn when high biomass levels were found in the southern sea areas, made by diatoms of the genera Pseudosolenia, Cerataulina and potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. The 2020 phytoplankton sedimentation pattern was similar to the previous year with diatoms dominating the settling matter in spring and autumn and dinoflagellate/cyanobacteria sedimentation pulses occurring in summer. The was stock size which a of stock size that around on
Protection of “Fault Tolerant Parallel Filters” by Hamming code with Reversible logic

Digital filters are widely used in signal processing and communication systems. In some cases, the reliability of those systems is critical, and fault tolerant filter implementations are needed. Over the years, many techniques that exploit the filters’ structure and properties to achieve fault tolerance have been proposed. As technology scales, it enables more complex systems that incorporate many filters. In those complex systems, it is common that some of the filters operate in parallel, for example, by applying the same filter to different input signals. The complexity occurs while decoding the received encoded data. More often the transmitted data is subjected to the channel noise which influences the original signal. To overcome this problem many error correction codes (ECC’s) are introduced.Recently, a simple technique that exploits the presence of parallel filters to achieve fault tolerance has been presented In this paper we proposed an error detection and correction code called hamming code. The hamming code not only detects the errors as conventional codes but also it is able to correct the data. In addition the process is supported with reversible gate logic. This is the updated design methodology to reduce the power consumption and complexity. Reversible computing will also lead to improvement in energy efficiency. Energy efficiency will fundamentally affect the speed of circuits such as nano-circuits and therefore the speed of most computing applications. To increase the portability of devices again reversible computing is required. This idea is generalized to show that parallel filters can be protected using error correction codes (ECCs) in which each filter is the equivalent of a bit in a traditional ECC. This new scheme allows more efficient protection when the number of parallel filters is large. The technique is evaluated using a case study of parallel finite impulse response filters showing the effectiveness in terms of protection and implementation cost.
Reconceptualising the Role of Talk in CLIL

This theoretical paper offers a reconceptualisation of talk in CLIL based on sociocultural and dialogic theories of education. Building on these educational theories and the experiences of an on-going CLIL project, this paper presents a pedagogical model for the navigation of the ‘talkscape’ of the CLIL classroom. This model comprises a total of seven talk-types: organisational, social, critical, expert, exploratory, meta and pedagogic. In addition to these talk-types, the paper introduces the notion of a ‘transitional dynamic’. This notion aims to capture the transition from first language to foreign language use in CLIL both within the context of individual courses and across a broader CLIL educational pathway. It is hoped that this model provides a useful tool in both the practical realisation and theoretical development of CLIL.
On the neutral gas content of nine new Milky Way satellite galaxy candidates

We use a new, improved version of the HI Parkes All-Sky Survey to search for HI emission from nine new, ultra-faint Milky Way satellite galaxy candidates recently discovered in data from the Dark Energy Survey. None of the candidates is detected in HI, implying upper limits for their HI masses of typically several hundred to a few thousand solar masses. The resulting upper limits on M_HI / L_V and M_HI / M_star suggest that at least some of the new galaxy candidates are HI deficient. This finding is consistent with the general HI deficiency of satellite galaxies located within the Milky Way's virial radius and supports the hypothesis that gas is being removed from satellites by tidal and ram-pressure forces during perigalactic passages. In addition, some of the objects may be embedded in, and interacting with, the extended neutral and ionised gas filaments of the Magellanic Stream.
MD simulation of phase transformations due to nanoscale cutting on silicon monocrystals with diamond tip

A three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is performed to study atomic force microscopy cutting on silicon monocrystal surface. The displacive phase transformation from the four-coordinated diamond cubic phase to the six-coordinated β-silicon phase is observed due to localized high pressure. During phase transformation, atoms are of high potential and temperature, and the values of pressure and temperature are in good agreement with those according to the phase diagram.
Effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of rams consuming a mixed diet (fresh Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate)

The effects of defaunation on microbial activities in the rumen of sheep given mixed diets (fresh Digitaria decumbens and concentrate) were studied. Eight faunated rams and eight defau- nated rams, with ruminal cannula were used. Each animal was fed with 4 different mixed diets, Digi- taria decumbens grass supplemented with 4 mixtures of Soya meal and ground maize. The protein digestible in the intestine (French feeding system, PDI) to energy (French feeding system, forage unit UFL) levels (P/E) in the diets were 80 (D1), 100 (D2), 120 (D3) and 140 (D4). The major cel- lulolytic bacteria were enumerated by specific 16S rRNA targeted hybridisation probes, some micro- bial activities of the rumen were estimated by enzymatic assays and by the in sacco degradation technique. The diet (P/E ratio) and defaunation had no effect on the percentage of the cellulolytic bacteria, represented by three species: Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefasciens and Fibro- bacter succinogenes. The diet had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the total activity of the fibrolytic enzymes (Carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase) and glycosidases (β-D glucosidase, β-D xylosidase). Defaunation decreased (P < 0.05) the total activity of fibrolytic polysaccharidase (Carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase) and glycosidase (β-D glucosidase, β-D xylosidase) enzymes. Neither defauna- tion nor the diet had any effect on α-amylase activities. Defaunation decreased ( P< 0.05) total α-D glucosidase activity. The decrease of the total activity of carboxymethyl cellulase after defau- nation was more marked (P < 0.05) with the D3 diet. The diet had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on the in sacco DM degradation (96 h). Defaunation decreased the in sacco DM degradation (96 h, P< 0.05) and this decrease was negatively correlated with the P/E ratio. Defaunation significantly decreased the total volatile fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05) and the molar proportion of butyrate (P < 0.01). From these results, despite reduced fibrolytic and amylolytic activities, a lower proteolysis and a more advantageous ruminal VFA profile occurred in defaunated animals. As a consequence, a better use of nutrients (protein, energy) can be expected by defaunated animals. enzymatic activities / microbial population / defaunation / fibre degradation / sheep / rumen
Larval Development of the Stone Crab, Hapalogaster dentata (De Haan, 1844) (Crustacea: Anomura: Lithodidae) Reared in the Laboratory (With 11 Text-figures and 3 Tables)

Title Larval Development of the Stone Crab, Hapalogaster dentata (De Haan, 1844) (Crustacea: Anomura: Lithodidae) Reared in the Laboratory (With 11 Text-figures and 3 Tables) Author(s) KONISHI, Kooichi Citation 北海道大學理學部紀要 = JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY Series VI. ZOOLOGY, 24(3): 155-172 Issue Date 1986-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/27694 Type bulletin File Information 24(3)_P155-172.pdf
Initial response of a turbulent channel flow to spanwise oscillation of the walls

The transient behaviour of a turbulent channel flow suddenly subjected to spanwise harmonic oscillations of the walls is numerically studied by means of direct numerical simulations of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. It is well known that this movement of the walls produces a sustained and significant reduction in turbulent friction; in this paper we focus on the early stages of the motion after the start of the oscillations when the fully developed state has not yet established. It is found that at the very beginning of the oscillatory motion the streamwise wall shear-stress remains constant for a short time interval, the length of which depends on the parameters defining the oscillation. A spanwise velocity profile starts to develop, almost coincident with the analytical laminar solution for the sudden start-up of harmonic oscillations of the wall. The spanwise flow fully adapts to the new forcing after about one oscillation period, whilst the longitudinal flow is still evolving towards its .
Earnings Precision and Analyst Forecast Revisions

Burgstahler and Chuk (2009) report empirical evidence consistent with a Bayesian model where the precision of new earnings information explains the magnitude of revisions in expected future earnings implicit in market prices. In this paper, we explore evidence on revision of analysts’ explicit forecasts of future earnings in response to earnings information. The evidence shows that analyst revisions are larger for higher precision observations (just as revisions implicit in market prices are larger for higher precision). However, the overall relation for explicit analyst forecast revisions differs from the relation for implicit market forecast revisions. Because the explicit and implicit forecast revisions differ, we also explore subsequent returns to evaluate whether one revision is more consistent with subsequent market prices. We find substantial and significant positive subsequent returns, where the magnitude of returns is related to the magnitude of the positive forecast revisions, suggesting that the initial market response is not sufficiently positive for more positive forecast revisions. We also find less significant but still positive subsequent returns related to the magnitude of negative forecast revisions, suggesting that the initial market response is excessively negative for more negative forecast revisions. JEL classification: G14, M40
High Levels of Genetic Variation as Detected by Aflp in Sideritis tmolea from Western Turkey

The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of genetic diversity among 29 S. tmolea genotypes collected from Bozdag, Turkey, using the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique. A total of 392 AFLP markers were detected using 14 primer combinations. The number of polymorphic bands per AFLP primer combination ranged from 16 to 42, with an average of 28. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values varied from 0.25 (M-CTC/E-AGC) to 0.72 (M-CAC/E-AAG) among 14 selective primers. The genetic dissimilarity that was detected using the NTSYS-PC software ranged from 0.09 to 0.82. According to the dissimilarity results, a high level of genetic diversity existed among the studied genotypes. A model-based structural analysis revealed the presence of 2 populations. The defined population structure was helpful when studying the S. tmolea genotypes for diversity and classification
Pretesting the Out-of-Sample Forecasting Properties of STAR Models

It is well known that a linear model may forecast better than a nonlinear one, even when the nonlinear model is consistent with the actual data-generating process. Moreover, forecasting with nonlinear models can be quite programming-intensive as multistep-ahead forecasts need to be simulated. We propose a simple pretest to help determine whether it is worthwhile to forecast a series using a STAR model. In particular, we extend Terasvirta’s in-sample test for LSTAR and ESTAR behavior to multistep-ahead out-of-sample forecasts. We apply our test to the real exchange rates of various OECD countries. When the test strongly rejects the null of linearity, a nonlinear model clearly outperforms a linear one in terms of multistep-ahead forecasting accuracy. However, when it fails to reject the null, a logistic and a simple autoregressive model display similar performance. We also find that the “direct” method of forecasting performs better than the bootstrap predictor at shorter forecast horizons, but the evidence is mixed at longer horizons.
Evaluation of process and input–output-based life-cycle assessment of Irish milk production

SUMMARY Agricultural specialists, particularly animal scientists, tend to use process-based life-cycle assessments (LCA), which describe the production system as a series of processes, to study the environmental impact of milk production based on their experimental data. Another approach called input–output (I–O) based LCA, which uses the economic transaction tables and national environmental accounts to determine the environmental impact triggered by final demand of milk production, is often less used due to data scarcity and higher uncertainty. In the current paper, process-based and I–O-based LCA models were developed to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) and acidifying emissions from pasture-based milk production in Ireland. Process-based LCA found 1338·3 kg CO2 eq and 14·4 kg SO2 eq/t energy-corrected milk (ECM), and revealed details related to the farm management. The I–O based LCA found 1003·1 kg CO2 eq and 12·7 kg SO2 eq/tonne ECM and suggested that the agriculture, forestry and fishery (AFF) sector itself was largely responsible for the environmental impact of AFF products, rather than economic interaction with other sectors. The process-based LCA was found to be suitable for developing farm-scale sustainability strategies if variation of tactics across farms is provided, while the I–O based LCA offered potential sustainability guidance at the national scale. Further work is required to incorporate foreign production into the I–O table to account fully for imported goods and services. A detailed disaggregation within the AFF sector is also needed to gain a better understanding of the environmental sustainability of agricultural commodities. The present paper thus provides interesting results for the dairy industry, dairy researchers and LCA practitioners on further understanding of the environmental impact of milk production.
The relationship between multiple intelligence profiles and reading strategy use of successful English as a Foreign Language (EFL) readers

This study relied on Sheorey and Mokhtari’s (2001) metacognitive knowledge about reading strategies,which was influenced by a number of factors, including previous experiences, beliefs, culture-specific instructional practices and proficiency in a second language (L2). This study is thereby built on the premise that EFL readers’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies was also influenced by their multiple intelligence profiles. The purpose of this study is to explore the integrated impact of multiple intelligences and reading strategies on EFL learners’ reading performance. This was an explanatory sequential study, combining quantitative and qualitative research design. A convenience sample of 60 high school EFL learners from one of the Anatolian high schools in Istanbul, Turkey participated in this study. Two quantitative surveys and an achievement test, followed by a qualitative observation checklist, were used in this study to collect the data. The results of the study indicated that females were found to be more successful than males in EFL reading in addition to employing more support and problem solving reading strategies. In addition, this study also found that successful readers in EFL seemed to use more global strategies and tended to support reading strategies if they were dominant in musical, intrapersonal intelligences. Moreover, successful musically or verbally intelligent readers were found to use more problem-solving strategies. As a result, this study provides EFL teachers and curriculum designers with valuable information that will foster awareness of the role of these intelligence-strategy relations may play in triggering success in EFL reading, and thus, in their overall proficiency in the language.
Measuring Political Positions from Legislative Speech

Existing approaches to measuring political disagreement from text data perform poorly except when applied to narrowly selected texts discussing the same issues and written in the same style. We demonstrate the first viable approach for estimating legislator-specific scores from the entire speech corpus of a legislature, while also producing extensive information about the evolution of speech polarization and politically loaded language. In the Irish Dáil, we show that the dominant dimension of speech variation is government–opposition, with ministers more extreme on this dimension than backbenchers, and a second dimension distinguishing between the establishment and anti-establishment opposition parties. In the U. S. Senate, we estimate a dimension that has moderate within-party correlations with scales based on roll-call votes and campaign donation patterns; however, we observe greater overlap across parties in speech positions than roll-call positions and partisan polarization in speeches varies more clearly in response to major political events.