Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessments of the volume and disposal methods of spent engine oil generated in Nekede mechanic village, Owerri, Nigeria

Studies were carried out to investigate the volume and disposal methods of spent automobile engine oil generated at Nekede Mechanic Village in Owerri, Imo State Nigeria, between February and June 2008, in order to establish the presence pollution problem as result of inappropriate disposal of spent engine oil in the study area. The study utilized structured questionnaire, personal interviews and field observations generate relevant data on the Mechanic village. Results obtained showed that over 1.4 million liters of spent engine oil was produced annually in the village. About 60% of the mechanics disposed spent engine oil on the soil, within their immediate environment, while others used it for other purposes, such as pest control, sharpening of blades and reuse in heavy trucks among others. Another 88.3% of mechanics were ignorant of environmental impact of inappropriate spent engine oil disposal. The study concluded that there is poor spent engine oil poor disposal attitudes of among the automobile mechanics and that such a practice may lead to serious hydrocarbon pollution at the Nekede mechanic village. (Angela C. Udebuani, Chidiogo G. Okoli, Ifeanyi C. Okoli, Harriet C. Nwigwe and Patrick T. E. Ozoh Assessments of the volume and disposal methods of spent engine oil generated in Nekede mechanic village, Owerri, Nigeria. Report and Opinion 2011;3(2):31-36). (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub. net .
Neural Network based Age and Gender Classification for Facial Images

Automatic face identification and verification from facial images attain good accuracy with large sets of training data while face attribute recognition from facial images still remain challengeable. Hence introducing an efficient and accurate facial image classification based on facial attributes is an important task. Therefore paper proposed a methodology for automatic age and gender classification based on feature extraction from facial images. In contrast to the other mechanisms proposed in the literature, this methodology main concern on the biometric feature variation of male and females for the classification. Methodology using two types of features namely, primary and secondary features and it includes three main iterations: Preprocessing, Feature extraction and Classification. This study has been carried out using facial images of age range 8-60 consisting of both gender types. Age classification has done according predefined age ranges including 8-13, 14-25, 26-45 and 46-60. Proposed solution is able to classify images in different lighting conditions and different illumination conditions. Classification is done using Artificial Neural Networks according to the different shape and texture variations of wrinkles on face images. This study has been evaluated and tested on both foreign and Asian face images including both gender types and the four age categories used.
An Alternative Test of the Trade-Off Theory of Capital Structure

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stochastic behavior of corporate debt ratios utilizing a balanced panel of 2,556 publicly traded U.S. firms during the period 1997-2010. We partition the panel into ten economic sectors and perform panel unit root tests on each sector employing book value and market value measures of debt ratio. First-generation panel unit root tests provide consistent evidence that debt ratios are mean reverting, which supports the trade-off theory. However, these tests rely on the assumption that the debt ratios are cross-sectionally independent, but tests of cross-sectional independence fail to uphold this assumption. Thus, utilizing a second-generation panel unit root test that controls for cross-sectional dependence, we uncover evidence showing that debt ratios are not mean reverting, which contradicts the trade-off hypothesis. We find that the recent macroeconomic developments triggered by the financial crisis and the Great Recession have considerable explanatory power over the dynamics of the debt ratios. In fact, when we exclude the years of the recent global financial crisis, the unit root hypothesis is rejected in one half of the sectors. We interpret these results as indicative that the recent global events may have produced in these sectors a structural change in the underlying data generation process (DGP). Overall, then, we find mixed evidence on the stationarity of debt ratios.
Hedging Effectiveness Comparison between Emerging and Developed Futures Exchanges

This research estimated hedge ratios by using two econometric models: constant hedge ratios (ordinary least square technique, OLS; vector autoregressive model, VAR; and vector error correction model, VECM) and dynamic hedge ratios (DVEC-GARCH). These hedge ratios developed using these models were tested for hedging effectiveness by the amount of average variance reduction between the hedged and unhedged positions for indices, gold, and single stock futures contracts in three futures exchanges: the US exchange (CME) as a well-developed exchange, the Taiwan Futures Exchange (TFX) and the Thailand Futures Exchange (TFEX) as two emerging exchanges. The constant hedge ratio models were superior to the dynamic hedge ratios and the VECM model performed better than the VAR or OLS models, while, the DVEC-GARCH model could reduce the portfolio variance the least. Nevertheless, variance reduction of the portfolio can be efficiently done about 80 percent for every exchange.
Family medicine and patients' satisfaction in Iran

Since the second half of 2005, a market oriented reform known as family medicine and rural health insurance scheme was introduced to primary health care network in Iran. The core objectives of this reform were to improve accessibility, quality and utilization of health care services. The assessment of patients' satisfaction, as an outcome quality indicator, was the purpose of this study. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among patients attending health centers in the district of Sari. A self-administered questionnaire, from five different parts of the city, was filled out by 400 attendees during one month of data collection in February 2010. The level of customer satisfaction was far below the level that is expected. Respondents were more satisfied with those items related to the physician than those related to the regulatory aspects of referral system or the duty of health authorities. Villagers' attendance in health centers does not reflect their satisfaction. In fact, they tend not to express their real evaluation of the quality of health centers since they know neither voice nor their choice is to be aptly taken into account. (Samad Rouhani, Reza Ali Mohammadpour. Family medicine and patients' satisfaction in Iran. Life Sci J 2012; 9(3):1840-1847). (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 267
Managerial communication practices. Health care managers’ everyday structuration

The aim of this article is to describe and analyse observed managerial communication. The research questions concerned: What characterizes managerial communication practices and the organizational consequences? We make use of structuration theory and view communication as a social interaction process in which temporary structures are negotiated. Ten first- and second-line managers were shadowed. The managers used a combination of structuration of caring, interdependency and accountability typical of health care organizations. The communication practices were related to how new norms of reputation management were institutionalized through structuration. The types of structuration were sometimes contradictory and productive communication was rare or non-existent. The managerial communication practices had consequences for the power and domination and for which issues were signified as part of the agenda. The conclusions can be generalizable to other professional organizations.
Effect of hunter selectivity on harvest rates of radio-collared white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania

Radio transmitters are a commonly used tool for monitoring the fates of harvested species, although little research has been devoted to whether a visible radio transmitter changes a hunters' willingness to harvest that animal. We initially surveyed deer hunters to assess their willingness to harvest radio-collared deer and predicted radio collars were unlikely to affect the harvest of antlerless deer, but hunters may be less willing to harvest small-antlered males with radio collars compared to large-antlered males. We fitted white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with radio collars that were visible to hunters or with ear-tag transmitters or ear-tags that were difficult to detect visually and estimated if harvest rates differed among marking methods. For females, the best model failed to detect an effect of radio collars on harvest rates. Also, we failed to detect a difference between male deer fitted with radio collars and ear-tag transmitters. When we compared males fitted with radio collars versus ear tags, we found harvest rate patterns were opposite to our predictions, with lower harvest rates for adult males fitted with radio collars and higher harvest rates for yearling males fitted with radio collars. Our study suggests that harvest rate estimates generated from a sample of deer fitted with visible radio collars can be representative of the population of inference. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Passing Efficiency of a Low Turbulence Inlet (PELTI) Final Report to NSF

1 Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 2 Atmospheric Science Dept, JISAO GJ-40, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 3 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 4 Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 5 Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera – UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México City (D.F.)
LOGISTICS CASE STUDY FOR SHIPPING USED NUCLEAR FUEL FROM SHUTDOWN REACTOR SITES.

The logistics case study presented in this paper considered multiple scenarios of shipping used nuclear fuel (UNF) from the shutdown reactor sites. The scenario variables included the campaign duration, fuel selection approach, consist size, and location of the consolidated storage and maintenance facilities. Thirty one simulations were performed using the Transportation Storage Logistics model. The major factors affecting scenario performance were identified and the recommendations concerning selecting appropriate strategies for transporting the UNF were made.
Universality in rotating strongly interacting gases

We analytically determine the properties of two interacting particles in a harmonic trap subject to a rotation or a uniform synthetic magnetic field, where the spherical symmetry of the relative Hamiltonian is preserved. Thermodynamic quantities such as the entropy and energy are calculated via the second order quantum cluster expansion. We find that in the strongly interacting regime the energy is universal, however the entropy changes as a function of the rotation or synthetic magnetic field strength.
Taxation, Dividend Payments and Ex-Day Price-Changes

The purpose of the paper is to study the effect of taxation on dividend payments and ex-dividend price-changes in Sweden during 1991-1995. Tax changes in Sweden during the 1990s were implemented in such a way that they provide an opportunity to include direct measures of the tax-treatment of dividends and capital gains in the empirical analysis, in contrast to previous studies. The results indicate that tax-reforms can have large effects on dividend payments, while the effects on ex-dividend price-changes are less conclusive.
User perceptions of mental health consequences of hallucinogen use in self-identified spiritual contexts

Aims The article aims to gain insight into the private worlds of users of hallucinogenic drugs in spiritual contexts, with a focus on the self-perceived mental health implications of their practices. This will help us understand the rationale behind and consequences of hallucinogenic drug use. Method Respondents were recruited at several internet fora for individual email-mediated interviews (n = 5) or group interviews in public discussion threads (n = 11). They were predominantly males in their 30s or 40s with stable jobs and living conditions and extensive hallucinogen experience. Results Both positive and adverse consequences were assessed, and respondents emphasised the capacity of hallucinogenic drugs for healing and personal growth; even adverse experiences (“bad trips”) were regarded as valuable for these purposes. The dependence potential of these drugs was regarded as low because of an inherent self-regulatory mechanism whereby positive effects disappear with overuse. A minority of participants reported mental health problems that may result from their hallucinogen use, but the majority have experienced no significant adverse reactions after many years of use. This should be seen in light of the low frequency of their hallucinogen use. Conclusion The study obtained evidence of a predominantly male group of mature users taking hallucinogens in carefully prepared sessions for the purpose of personal spiritual growth, acknowledging some risks but also several benefits from this practice.
Basin Framework and Basement Structuring of Lower Benue Trough, West Africa based on Regional Magnetic Field Data: Tectonic and Hydrocarbon Implications

Results from magnetic field modelling of the Lower Benue Trough, West Africa revealed thick sedimentation with maximum values in the neigbourhood of 7,000m-10,000m. This is in contrast to the average value of 5000m suggested by earlier studies. The thick sedimentation represent thermal sag which is a regional post-rift subsidence associated with West and Central Africa rift systems. N-S, NNW-SSE and E-W structural fabrics interpreted from the transformed magnetic data bound the trough. The subsurface magnetic models also revealed extended graben structures that form the major depoceters that are segmented by intrarift horsts and average crustal thickness of 22km. The qualitative interpretation comprising, analytic signal, directional derivatives and wavelength filtering in frequency domain and subsurface magnetic modelling show that the rift architecture/geometry is controlled by high angle faults and some sinistral transtensional movements that are predominant in the Benue rift system. The low mean anisotropic susceptibility (kb = -6.7x10-4 SI) correlating with the directional horizontal derivative (dy) of the magnetic field conform with the sinistral movement in the trough indicating that magnetic anomalies align themselves along fractures/faults/shear zones owing to their variations in physical properties. The characteristics/patterns of the magnetic anomaly wavelength and inferred results from earlier studies on geophysical potential field methods, geological investigation and physical parameters (susceptibility and remanence) obtained from the subsurface magnetic modelling are pointers to non-magmatic origin of the Lower Benue Trough. The basement structuring, basin framework and predominance of anisotropic susceptibilities (ka, kb and kc) in three orthogonal directions and remanence suggest tectonic setting in the trough due to Early Cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and interplate movement in Africa. The grabens, half grabens, faults and deep sedimentation (depocenters) interpreted from the magnetic data are hydrocarbon related structural features.
Protein and Quality Characterization of Triticale Translocation Lines in Breadmaking

ABSTRACT Introduction of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) from the Glu-D1d locus of wheat into triticale restores the genetic constitution of high molecular weight glutenin loci to that of wheat and subsequently improves the breadmaking quality of triticale. One means of achieving such restoration of the genetic constitution is through the use of translocation lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of translocations 1A.1D and 1R.1D with HMW-GS 5+10 and 2+12 in terms of physical dough tests and baking quality using four different sets of triticale lines, GDS7, Trim, Rhino, and Rigel. In general, significantly lower milling quality (flour yield), very low mixing times with lower loaf volume were typical of all the triticales studied except 1A.1D 5+10 lines, when compared to hard wheat flour (Pegaso). Among the lines studied, significantly higher loaf volume, mixograph dough development time (MDDT), and maximum resistance to extension (Rmax) were observed wit.
Behavioural variation in the field cricket (Gryllus integer), what is the role of heritable components?

Eines der bekanntesten Verhaltenssyndrome ist das Aggressions-/Aktivitatssyndrome. In meiner Diplomarbeit untersuchte ich Verhaltensvariationen und deren erbliche Komponenten bei adulten Feldgrillen (G. integer). Ich prufte, ob intrasexuelle Aggression mit der generellen Aktivitat in einem unbekannten, moglicherweise sogar gefahrlichen Umfeld korreliert. Dazu wurden die Latenzzeiten der ersten Bewegung sowie des Verlassens eines sicheren Versteckes gemessen und anschliesend wurde die Anzahl der gewonnenen Kampfe wahrend eines intrasexellen Aggressionstests notiert. Mittels Eltern-Nachkommen-Regression und Verwandtschaftsanalyse ermittelte ich die Heritabilitat der getesteten Verhaltensweisen. Entgegen meiner Erwartungen konnte ich kein Verhaltenssyndrom nachweisen. Es existiert allerdings immer noch wenig Theorie, die das Auftreten dieser Syndrome ausreichend erklart. Mogliche Grunde fur die Abwesenheit des Syndroms konnen z.B. das Fehlen von Pradatoren, das Nahrungsuberangebot und die uber mehrere Generationen bestehende Laborhaltung sein. Sowohl die Erkundungsbereitschaft als auch die Krampfkraft weisen geringe erbliche Komponenten auf. Diese Verhaltensweisen konnen sich somit im Laufe eines Evolutionsprozesses verandern, wodurch Anpassungen (Adaptation) der Lebewesen an ihre Umwelt ermoglicht werden. Des weiteren konnte ich meinen Daten entnehmen, dass mutige bzw. erkundungsfreudige Individuen ein geringeres Korpergewicht und dabei zudem eine langere Entwicklung bis zur Geschlechtsreife aufweisen. Weniger offensive Individuen waren im Vergleich zu Erkundungsfreudigen schwerer und entwickelten sich daruber hinaus schneller zu adulten Tieren. Auserdem konnten aggressive, intrasexuell dominante Mannchen gegenuber weniger aggressiven, nicht mehr Kopulationsversuche erzielen, in der Tat wurden kleinere Mannchen von den Weibchen bevorzugt, wobei es allerdings keinen Zusammenhang zwischen Grose und Kampfkraft gab.
Informality and the Development and Demolition of Urban Villages in the Chinese Peri-urban Area

The fate of Chinese urban villages (chengzhongcun) has recently attracted both research and policy attention. Two important unaddressed questions are: what are the sources of informality in otherwise orderly Chinese cities; and, will village redevelopment policy eliminate informality in the Chinese city? Reflecting on the long-established study of informal settlements and recent research on informality, it is argued that the informality in China has been created by the dual urban–rural land market and land management system and by an underprovision of migrant housing. The redevelopment of chengzhongcun is an attempt to eliminate this informality and to create more governable spaces through formal land development; but since it fails to tackle the root demand for unregulated living and working space, village redevelopment only leads to the replication of informality in more remote rural villages, in other urban neighbourhoods and, to some extent, in the redeveloped neighbourhoods.
VOCABULARY CONSTRAINT ON READING MATERIALS

The aim of the study is to identify and describe the vocabulary in reading materials and to seek if the texts are useful for reading skill development. A descriptive qualitative design was applied to obtain the data. Some available computer programs were used to find the description of the vocabulary in the texts. It was found that the texts are dominated by low frequency words which compose 16.97% of the words in the texts. In terms of high frequency words occurring in the texts, function words dominate the texts. In the case of word levels, it was found that the texts being used have very limited number of words from GSL (West, 1953). The proportion of the first 1,000 words of GSL only comprises 44.6%. The data also show that the texts contain too large proportion of words which are not in the three levels (the first 2,000 and UWL). These words constitute account for 26.44% of the running words in the texts. It is believed that the constraints are due to the selection of the texts which are made of a series of short-unrelated texts. This kind of text is subject to the accumulation of low frequency words especially those of content words and limited number of words from GSL. It could also impede the development of students’ reading skills and vocabulary enrichment.
Antiferromagnetism of Zn2VO(PO4)2 and the dilution with Ti4

We report static and dynamic properties of the antiferromagnetic compound Zn$_{2}$(VO)(PO$_{4}$)$_{2}$, and the consequences of non-magnetic Ti$^{4+}$ doping at the V$^{4+}$ site. $^{31}$P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and spin-lattice relaxation rate ($1/T_1$) consistently show the formation of the long-range antiferromagnetic order below $T_N= 3.8-3.9$\,K. The critical exponent $\beta=0.33 \pm 0.02$ estimated from the temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization measured by $^{31}$P NMR at 9.4\,MHz is consistent with universality classes of three-dimensional spin models. The isotropic and axial hyperfine couplings between the $^{31}$P nuclei and V$^{4+}$ spins are $A_{\rm hf}^{\rm iso} = (9221 \pm 100)$ Oe/$\mu_{\rm B}$ and $A_{\rm hf}^{\rm ax} = (1010 \pm 50)$ Oe/$\mu_{\rm B}$, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility data above 6.5\,K and heat capacity data above 4.5\,K are well described by quantum Monte-Carlo simulations for the Heisenberg model on the square lattice with $J\simeq 7.7$\,K. This value of $J$ is consistent with the values obtained from the NMR shift, $1/T_1$ and electron spin resonance (ESR) intensity analysis. Doping Zn$_2$VO(PO$_4)_2$ with non-magnetic Ti$^{4+}$ leads to a marginal increase in the $J$ value and the overall dilution of the spin lattice. In contrast to the recent \textit{ab initio} results, we find neither evidence for the monoclinic structural distortion nor signatures of the magnetic one-dimensionality for doped samples with up to 15\% of Ti$^{4+}$. The N\'eel temperature $T_{\rm N}$ decreases linearly with increasing the amount of the non-magnetic dopant.