Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Literature Review

The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy is com- monly used to treat symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. Although periacetabular osteotomy is becoming a more common surgical intervention to relieve pain and improve function, the strength of clinical evidence to support this procedure for these goals is not well defined in the litera- ture. We therefore performed a systematic review of the literature to define the level of evidence for periacetabular osteotomy, to determine deformity correction, clinical results, and to determine complications associated with the procedure. Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Eleven studies were Level IV, one was Level III, and one was Level II. Radiographic deformity correction was consistent and improvement in hip function was noted in all studies. Most studies did not correlate radiographic and clinic outcomes. Clinical failures were commonly associ- ated with moderate to severe preoperative osteoarthritis and conversion to THA was reported in 0% to 17% of cases. Major complications were noted in 6% to 37% of the procedures. These data indicate periacetabular osteotomy provides pain relief and improved hip function in most patients over short- to midterm followup. The current evidence is primarily Level IV. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Retrospective and prospectively assessed childhood adversity in association with major depression, alcohol consumption and painful conditions

Background. Considerable evidence now links childhood adversity to a variety of adult health problems. Unfortunately, almost all of these studies have relied upon retrospective assessment of childhood events, creating a vulnerability to bias. In this study, we sought to examine three associations using data sources that allowed for both prospective and retrospective assessment of childhood events. Methods. Methods. A 1994 national survey of children between the ages of 0 and 11 collected data from a ‘person most knowledgeable’ (usually the mother) about a child. It was possible to link data for n = 1977 of these respondents to data collected from the same people in a subsequent adult study. The latter survey included retrospective reports of childhood adversity. We examined three adult health outcomes in relation to prospectively and retrospectively assessed childhood adversity: major depressive episodes, excessive alcohol consumption and painful conditions. Results. Results. A strong association between childhood adversities (as assessed by both retrospective and prospective methods) and major depression was identified although the association with retrospective assessment was stronger. Weaker associations were found for painful conditions, but these did not depend on the method of assessment. Associations were not found for excessive alcohol consumption irrespective of the method of assessment. Conclusions. These findings help to allay concerns that associations between childhood adversities and health outcomes during adulthood are merely artefacts of recall bias. In this study, retrospective and prospective assessment strategies produced similar results.
Should Moxifloxacin Be Used for the Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis? An Answer from a Murine Model

ABSTRACT The prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), defined as TB that is resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, is rising worldwide. The extent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to fluoroquinolones depends on the mutation in the DNA gyrase, the only target of fluoroquinolones. The MIC of moxifloxacin, the most active fluoroquinolone against M. tuberculosis, may be lower than its peak serum level for some ofloxacin-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, if the MIC of moxifloxacin is lower than its peak serum level, it may be effective against XDR-TB. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of moxifloxacin in treating ofloxacin-resistant TB. We selected isogenic fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of M. tuberculosis H37Rv in vivo. We infected Swiss mice with either wild-type H37Rv or one of three mutant strains with different MICs that are commonly seen in clinical practice. The MICs of the mutant strains ranged from below to above the peak moxifloxacin level seen in humans (3 μg/ml). Each mouse was treated with one of four moxifloxacin doses for 1 month. Moxifloxacin was effective against mutant strain GyrB D500N, with the lowest MIC (0.5 μg/ml), when the standard dose was doubled. Moxifloxacin reduced mortality in mice infected with mutant strain GyrA A90V with an intermediate MIC (2 μg/ml). However, it had no impact on the mutant strain GyrA D94G with the highest MIC (4 μg/ml). Our study underscores current WHO recommendations to use moxifloxacin when there is resistance to early-generation fluoroquinolones such as ofloxacin, restricting this recommendation to strains with moxifloxacin MICs of less than or equal to 2 μg/ml.
Purification with monoclonal antibody of a predominant leukocyte‐common antigen and glycoprotein from rat thymocytes

A leukocyte‐common (L‐C) antigen which can be dominant as an immunogen in rabbit anti‐rat thoracic duct lymphocyte serum has been purified from rat thymocytes. Initially, an antigenic fragment of 100000 apparent mol. wt. was prepared at 400 to 900‐fold purification by lentil lectin affinity chromatography and gel filtration in deoxycholate. Mice were then immunized with this fraction, and a hybrid myeloma cell line secreting antibody to the L‐C antigen was prepared by cell fusion. This antibody was used for affinity chromatography and gave pure L‐C antigen at 1400‐fold puaification compared with thymocytes. The L‐C antigen is a major membrane glycoprotein of rat thymocytes and has an apparent mol. wt. of 150000 as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The antigen constitutes one of the three thymocyte glycoproteins which stain intensely for carbohydrate with periodic acid Schiff stain. It is present on > 95% of thymocytes, bone marrow cells and thoracic duct lymphocytes.
A Unified Framework of Management Earnings Forecasts : Voluntary , Opportunistic and Disclose or Abstain Incentives

Extant literature views management earnings forecasts (MEFs) as voluntary corporate disclosures designed to increase transparency or allow managers to trade opportunistically in their firm’s stock based on inside information. We offer and test a unified framework of management guidance that incorporates these two reasons along with a manager’s affirmative duty to disclose material information or abstain from trading in the firm’s stock. Since prior tests of the theories, rationales and economic effects of management’s decision to issue a MEF assume all such forecasts are issued voluntarily such tests are misspecified due to identification problems and correlated omitted variables. An empirical model combining all three rationales for managers to issue forecasts reveals that the typical variables of interest in MEF studies exhibit different explanatory power depending on which of the three underlying rationales is most likely driving the manager’s decision to issue guidance. Current draft: January 7, 2010 Preliminary and incomplete, do not quote or circulate without permission We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Simon School at the University of Rochester.
Probucol protects against adriamycin cardiomyopathy without interfering with its antitumor effect.

BACKGROUND The usefulness of adriamycin (ADR), a potent antitumor antibiotic, is limited by the development of life-threatening cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Subcellular changes leading to heart failure are suggested to be mediated by a drug-induced increase in free radicals and lipid peroxidation. In an earlier study, concurrent treatment with probucol (PROB), a lipid-lowering drug with strong antioxidant properties, was shown to offer only partial protection against ADR cardiomyopathy. The present study had two aims: to determine whether this protective effect can be improved further by extended treatment with PROB, and to determine whether PROB affects the antitumor properties of ADR. METHODS AND RESULTS ADR (cumulative dose, 15 mg/kg body wt) was administered in rats in six equal injections (IP) over a period of 2 weeks. Three weeks after the end treatment, cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure were characterized by ascites, congested liver, depressed cardiac function, elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and myocardial cell damage. Myocardial glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity was decreased and lipid peroxidation was increased. Administration of PROB (cumulative dose, 120 mg/kg body wt) in 12 equal injections (IP), before and concurrent with ADR, completely prevented these cardiomyopathic changes, normalized left ventricular function, lowered mortality, and eliminated ascites. Treatment with PROB was also accompanied by an increase in myocardial GSHPx and superoxide dismutase activities with a concomitant decrease in lipid peroxidation. Tumor regression in syngeneic DBA/2 mice inoculated with L5178Y-F9 lymphoma cells in the ADR+PROB group was significant and comparable to the ADR group. CONCLUSIONS These data show for the first time that PROB can provide complete protection against ADR cardiomyopathy without interfering with antitumor properties of the drug. This protective effect of PROB may be related to the maintenance of the antioxidant status of the heart.
Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in Children Ages 4–7 Years with and without ADHD

There is growing consensus that assessment for non-credible performance is a necessary component of pediatric neuropsychological examination. The current study examined the utility and validity of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in children ages 4–7 years with and without Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); 66 children (30 controls, 36 ADHD) completed all three TOMM trials. There were no significant group differences in total score on any trial, or passing rate for Trial 2 or Retention. Four-year-olds with ADHD achieved “passing” score on Trial 1 less often than controls. Across groups, performance on Trial 2 and Retention improved with age, such that 85% of the sample achieved a passing score. Four-year-olds had greater difficulty and achieved a passing score significantly less often than children 5–7 years. Moreover, half of the 4-year-olds performed worse on Retention than Trial 2, calling into question the utility of the Retention trial at this age. Performance was associated with IQ only within the ADHD group on the Retention trial. Results suggest that the TOMM can be used with confidence in clinical groups as young as 5 years. Among 4-year-olds, performance appears dependent on severity of ADHD or disruptive behaviors, and may be associated with factors other than effort.
Comparison of electrocardiogram interpretations by family physicians, a computer, and a cardiology service.

BACKGROUND Some family physicians may be under pressure to relinquish the interpretation of outpatient electrocardiograms to cardiologists. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the quality of electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretations by family physicians justifies this pressure, and whether an immediately available computerized ECG interpretation program could serve as an appropriate backup for the family physician. METHODS Family practice faculty and residents at a university-based residency program provided written interpretations of 301 ECGs ordered over an 11-month period. Their ECG findings were compared with those from a computerized interpretation program and the readings of the cardiology service. All interpretations were then compared with those of a fellowship-trained electrocardiographer, whose readings served as the reference standard. RESULTS Discrepancy was found between the family physician and the electrocardiographer on 33% of those items that had any potential clinical significance. The computer interpretation and the cardiologist's interpretation agreed with that of the electrocardiographer on 63% and 71% of these discrepancies, respectively (not statistically different). CONCLUSIONS Family physicians reached a level of agreement with the reference standard in ECG interpretation that was comparable to previously published reports for expert interrater agreement. In this study, however, the quality of ECG readings by family physicians was further improved by expert review. The quality of computer-assisted ECG interpretation was comparable to that of review provided by a cardiology service. Furthermore, computerized interpretation may be clinically more useful because it is immediately available.
Intracerebroventricular Injections of Noradrenaline Affect Brain Energy Metabolism of Rainbow Trout

To assess the role of noradrenaline (NA) as a possible regulator of brain energy metabolism in teleost fish, the impact of increased noradrenaline levels within the brain on several parameters of energy metabolism was assessed in rainbow trout brain. Accordingly, two different doses of noradrenaline, producing increases in brain NA levels comparable to those occurring in several physiological processes in nature, were selected. In a subsequent set of three different experiments, fish were intracerebroventricularly injected with 1 μL 100 g–1 body weight of Cortland saline alone (control) or containing NA (5 nmol NA and 10 nmol NA); after 30 min, brain and plasma samples were taken to assess changes in parameters of energy metabolism due to NA treatment. The results obtained clearly show dose‐dependent changes in NA‐treated fish in several parameters, including decreased glycogen and ATP levels, increased lactate and pyruvate levels, decreased fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase activity, and increased pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Altogether, the present experiments show for the first time in a teleost fish evidence supporting that increased noradrenaline levels in the brain elicit metabolic changes in the brain (enhanced glycogenolysis and glycolysis), resulting in an increased energy demand. These metabolic changes may be related to those occurring under several physiological conditions in nature such as hypoxia, in which increased energy demand and increased noradrenaline levels occur in the brain simultaneously.
New Zealand national incidence of bronchiectasis “too high” for a developed country

Aims: To prospectively estimate the incidence of bronchiectasis among New Zealand (NZ) children, to consider aetiology and severity, and to evaluate regional and ethnic variation. Methodology: NZ paediatricians were surveyed monthly for new cases of bronchiectasis during 2001 and 2002 via the NZ paediatric surveillance unit (with coverage of >94% of NZ paediatricians). Notified cases had their computed tomography scans reviewed and scored for severity. Confirmed cases were followed up by postal questionnaire one year after diagnosis. Demographic, aetiological, and severity data were collected. Results: Ninety nine notifications were received. Sixty five cases were confirmed. An overall incidence of 3.7 per 100 000 under 15 year old children per year was estimated. Incidence was highest in Pacific children at 17.8 compared with 4.8 in Maori, 1.5 in NZ European, and 2.4 other per 100 000 per year. Incidence varied significantly by region. The median age at diagnosis was 5.2 years; the majority had symptoms for more than two years. Eighty three per cent had bilateral disease, with a median of three lobes affected, mean FEV1 of 77% predicted, and modified Bhalla HRCT score of 18. Conclusions: The incidence of bronchiectasis is high in NZ children, nearly twice the rate for cystic fibrosis and seven times that of Finland, the only other country reporting a childhood national rate. Incidence varied substantially between ethnicities. Most cases developed disease in early childhood and had delayed diagnosis.
Robust feature correspondence and pattern detection for façade analysis. (Mise en correspondance robuste et détection de modèles visuels appliquées à l'analyse de façades)

For a few years, with the emergence of large image database such as Google Street View, designing efficient, scalable, robust and accurate strategies have now become a critical issue to process very large data, which are also massively contaminated by false positives and massively ambiguous. Indeed, this is of particular interest for property management and diagnosing the health of building fac{c}ades. Scientifically speaking, this issue puts into question the current state-of-the-art methods in fundamental computer vision problems. More particularly, we address the following problems: (1) robust and scalable feature correspondence and (2) facade image parsing. First, we propose a mathematical formalization of the geometry consistency which plays a key role for a robust feature correspondence. From such a formalization, we derive a novel match propagation method. Our method is experimentally shown to be robust, efficient, scalable and accurate for highly contaminated and massively ambiguous sets of correspondences. Our experiments show that our method performs well in deformable object matching and large-scale and accurate matching problem instances arising in camera calibration. We build a novel repetitive pattern search upon our feature correspondence method. Our pattern search method is shown to be effective for accurate window localization and robust to the potentially great appearance variability of repeated patterns and occlusions. Furthermore, our pattern search method makes very few hallucinations. Finally, we propose methodological contributions that exploit our repeated pattern detection results, which results in a substantially more robust and more accurate facade image parsing
Batteryless Hall Sensor Operated by Energy Harvesting From a Single Wiegand Pulse

We operated a Hall sensor using energy harvested from a magnetic wire. A batteryless sensor is expected to be a key device for the Internet of Things. Magnetization reversal in magnetic wires with bistable magnetization states induces a pulse voltage in a pickup coil. The amplitude of the voltage is independent of the applied field frequency, down to zero. This fast magnetization reversal is accompanied by a large Barkhausen jump, which has been known as the Wiegand effect. Electricity generation using this effect, obtained with twisted FeCoV magnetic wires, was studied. The energy obtained as a single pulse voltage was 600 nJ. The Hall sensor operated with this pulse voltage. The pulse power of 0.88 V/1.3 mA was applied to the Hall sensor. The Hall voltage was proportional to the sensing magnetic field of 50–300 mT.
Sanidad, desarrollo y crecimiento económico

Existe cierto consenso en los paises avanzados acerca de que no resulta aceptable que sus ciudadanos disfruten de un nivel de vida por debajo de un determinado estandar. Este objetivo de justicia se garantiza de dos formas: redistribuyendo la renta a traves de los impuestos y del sistema de prestaciones sociales (pensiones, transferencias por desempleo o ayudas dirigidas a los pobres) y asegurando el acceso a un nivel minimo de "bienes sociales". Entre estos bienes se cuentan la sanidad y la educacion. Para los hacendistas, la sanidad y la educacion son ambitos en los que el Estado interviene tanto para tratar de corregir, con mas o menos exito, ciertos fallos del mercado (efectos externos, informacion imperfecta, seleccion adversa y existencia de elementos de monopolio, esencialmente), como para garantizar, aun a costa de la compulsion (pertenencia obligatoria al sistema), la cobertura de un nivel de prestacion socialmente aceptable. Mas que metas de equidad distributiva atendibles con transferencias de renta, son principios de equidad categorica (Tobin, 1970) los que inspiran esta concepcion de la justicia, muy polemica por la filosofia paternalista subyacente.
No lumbar puncture in the evaluation for early neonatal sepsis: will meningitis be missed?

OBJECTIVE We performed this investigation to assess whether selective approaches to performing lumbar puncture (LP) in the early neonatal period will result in a missed or delayed diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. DESIGN A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of all neonates born in US Army hospitals from 1988 through 1992 who developed culture-positive meningitis during the first 72 hours of life. RESULTS In total, 169,849 infants were born during the 5-year study period. The incidence of meningitis in the first 72 hours of life was 0.25 per 1000 live births. Forty-three infants had organisms isolated from their cerebrospinal fluid (30, group B streptococcus; 10, Escherichia coli; 1, Listeria monocytogenes; 1, Streptococcus pneumoniae; and 1, Citrobacter diversus). The median age of infants at evaluation was 12 hours, and the mean gestational age was 38.8 weeks (7 < 37 weeks), whereas mean birth weight was 3163 g (7 < 2500 g). If we had used currently advocated selective criteria as the basis for not performing an LP, the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis would have been missed or delayed in 16 of 43 infants (37%): 5 infants born prematurely with suspected respiratory distress syndrome, 3 asymptomatic infants born at term with positive blood cultures, and 8 infants born at term with no central nervous system symptoms and negative blood cultures. CONCLUSIONS If LPs are omitted as part of the early neonatal sepsis evaluation, the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis occasionally will be delayed or missed completely.
Imputing defensible values for left-censored ‘below level of quantitation’ (LoQ) biomarker measurements

Biomarker datasets often include entries ‘below the level of quantitation’ (LoQ) wherein the instrumentation is no longer able to provide values that meet required analytical quality standards, a phenomenon referred to as ‘left-censored’ data. Generally, some form of imputation for missing values is required to allow calculating distributions and summary statistics for comparing datasets to each other. This article discusses the available options for imputing (modeling) left-censored data, presents the methods for implementing different procedures, and provides examples and guidelines using realistic data to assess relative performance. Ultimately, multiple ordered value imputation is identified as the best method; therein, the overall distribution of actual measures is used in conjunction with an estimate of relative order of the missing values to provide the most likely estimates below the LoQ.