Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are interventions effective in improving the ability of older adults to rise from the floor independently? A mixed method systematic review

Abstract Purpose: To review available evidence on older people’s ability to get up off the floor independently and determine the effectiveness of interventions to improve older adults’ ability to rise from the floor. Materials and methods: Seven databases were searched between January 1975 and June 2018. Eligibility criteria included: people aged ≥60; interventions to improve strength/function including ability to get up off the floor (for intervention studies); comparison groups (for randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials); outcome: quantitative or qualitative evaluation of ability to get up off the floor. Selection of the studies was undertaken in three stages: (1) titles and abstracts were scanned by one reviewer, (2) full abstract screening by one reviewer, and (3) articles read in full by two reviewers. Results of all articles are summarized and randomized controlled trials (RCT) (where possible) were analyzed by meta-analysis to determine intervention effectiveness. Results: Forty-one studies met inclusion criteria. For each of the RCTs that utilized resistance training and/or teaching the skill, a reduction in time to get up off the floor were reported. However, meta-analyses of all RCT interventions indicated no significant change in time for older people to get up off the floor independently with intervention (MD: –0.43[–1.38, 0.51]). Sub-analyses of interventions utilizing resistance training showed an improvement trending towards significance (MD: –0.81[–1.72, 0.09]). Heterogeneity between studies was high, therefore results should be viewed with some caution. Conclusions: Resistance training interventions may improve older people’s ability to rise from the floor unassisted. However, knowledge of specific techniques to get up and the effect of simply practicing the task of getting off the floor need to be further explored. Implication for rehabilitation One in three older people living in the community fall each year One aspect of falling that is often overlooked is whether the older person can get themselves up off the floor independently or do they have to wait for assistance. Interventions that include resistance training may help the older person to be able to get up by themselves.
Strategic entrepreneurship element from theory to practice

During the recent years, strategic entrepreneurship is one of the new topics globally emerged in the field of entrepreneurship. By combining the aspects of strategic management and entrepreneurship, a proper model of strategic entrepreneurship can be provided. Thus, the study of the concept of strategic entrepreneurship and its dimensions has been the concern of the scientists and researchers of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this research is to identify the various dimensions of strategic entrepreneurship as well as to identify the dimensions of strategic entrepreneurship of the start-up businesses in Iran. Therefore, the required information was collected by a questionnaire completed by the top Iranian entrepreneurs during 2007 to 2012, and the hypotheses of the research were evaluated by using one-sample test. Based on the results of statistical studies, the factors such as the entrepreneurial mindset, innovation, capitals mobilization, entrepreneurial management and leadership, the simultaneous attention to strategic entrepreneurship, management and growth and finally profitability were confirmed. The results of this research can be valuable and beneficial to the start-up business owners, as well as to the researchers in the field of entrepreneurship and the new fields of strategic entrepreneurship.
Appraisal of a learning coaching strategy in rural areas of Peru in a results-based budgeting rationality

This research analyzes a learning coaching strategy called Acompanamiento Pedagogico promoted by the ministry of Education of Peru since 2008 focusing in rural multi-grade (Spanish and bilingual) schools aiming to improve learning outcomes. It focuses on the learning achievements of its students and also seeks providing advice for improving functioning of the current strategy. The first goal was to determine if there is a significant difference in learning achievements in Spanish reading and comprehension and mathematics between coached and noncoached schools and were performed mixed-designed ANOVAs tests. The finding of statistically significant interactions between receiving coaching for 3-years disclosures an effective strategy in order to increase the goal of any educational system, the learning of students. The second goal of the research was analyzing if the present learning coaching strategy meets the standards set by the national results-based budgeting approach. For that purpose, a documentary review of policy design, focalization and expenditure were performed, finding a design inconsistency, some coverage problems and absence of clear standards and organization parameters.
Trần Đức Thảo: A Marxist Theory of the Origins of Human Language

This paper will explore Trần Đức Thảo’s (Từ Sơn, Bắc Ninh, September 26 th , 1917 – Paris, April 24 th , 1993) work from historical, philosophical, and linguistic points of view. Most notably it will focus on Thảo’s Recherches sur l’origine du langage et de la conscience (1973). According to Marx and Engels, Thảo argued that language was originally constituted during collective cooperative activities. And he also suggested that human specific skills appeared for the first time with the production of first tools. To him, language arose as gestural and verbal indication involved in task-oriented cooperative activities already in hominid societies. Trying to integrate Piaget’s child development psychology with the findings of Spirkin’s anthropology, Thảo described six stages of evolution of genus Homo.
Paper 2010-2 Asymmetric unemployment rate dynamics in Australia

The unemployment rate in Australia is modelled as an assymmetric and non-linear function of aggregate demand, productivity, real wages and unemployment benefits. Negative changes in aggregate demand cause the unemployment rate to rise rapidly, while real wage rigidity contributes its to slow adjustment back towards a lower level of unemployment. The model is developed by exploiting recent developments in automated model-selection procedures.
Interplay between Stride Velocity, Stride Frequency and Stride Length in Human Gait Transition

This paper presents the results of studying human gait transition outside the laboratory setting on a treadmill by means of wearable sensor technology. Combined inertial measurement and pressure sensor units embedded in footwear were employed to analyze the movement of the lower limbs during walk-run and run-walk transitions. Experimental data from 20 subjects was used to study three parameters - stride velocity, stride length and stride frequency. We focused on seven strides centered around the transition stride, that is, the stride in-between walking and running that has only a single floating phase. Three subjects underwent additional testing on a treadmill to capture the differences in kinematics between the two environments. The stride frequency varied least with both a subject’s individual transition behavior and the environment. The former can be concluded from the standard deviations evaluated for each stride, which were lower for stride frequency than for velocity and length. The latter was derived by comparing the results from within and outside the laboratory: Stride frequency shifted similarly in both cases, mainly within 2-4 strides, to the attractor of the new gait. Velocity profiles differed, with acceleration being more uniform and much lower on the treadmill. Stride lengths were inversely proportional: In the walk-run transition, when the belt of the treadmill was sped up, stride lengths decreased. In the run-walk transition, when the belt was slowed down, stride lengths increased. This phenomenon is attributable mainly to the dominant nature of the stride frequency, which forces changes in stride length in order to fulfill the velocity constraint. A non-laboratory environment lacks such a constraint, thus giving rise to free transition behavior. Stride frequency, being easy to measure, is well suited to analyzing and defining gait in a practical context.
Solving the linear radiation problem using a volume method on an overset grid

This paper describes recent progress towards the development of a computational tool, based on potential flow theory, that can accurately and efficiently simulate wave-induced loadings on marine structures. Engsig-Karup et al. (2009) have successfully developed an arbitrary-order, finite-differencebased, potential-flow model to represent the propagation of fully non-linear waves in coastal regions of varying bathymetry. The present objective is to develop this methodology to include the presence of a floating structure. To represent the curvilinear boundaries of the structure and the bottom, the single-block methodology developed previously is applied to multiple, overlapping grid blocks using the overset approach. While the ultimate aim of this work is to model fully non-linear wave-structure interaction, a linear solver has been initially implemented to permit the use of a fixed grid, and to allow comparison of numerical results with established analytical solutions. The linear radiation problem is considered in this paper. A two-dimensional computational tool has been developed to calculate the force applied to a floating body of arbitrary form in response to a prescribed displacement. Fourier transforms of the time-dependent displacement and force are applied, and the ratio of the resulting signals used to determine the radiation added mass and damping of the body as a function of frequency. The present software implementation has been validated by comparing numerical results from the linear model with analytical solutions for several test cases. The dynamic behaviour of a cylinder and barge on variable bathymetry has been investigated on a multi-block grid in two dimensions. Simulations have been performed to evaluate the induced flow field and radiation forces generated by these bodies in response to a Gaussian displacement. The hydrodynamic coefficients associated with body motions in surge, heave, and pitch have been calculated and compared with exact solutions. A three-dimensional implementation of the linear model has recently been completed.
Diagnostics for steady state plasmas

Problems related to the development of diagnostics for steady state fusion plasma experiments are discussed. The paper concentrates on those necessities already appearing in current non-burning plasma fusion experiments when extending pulse lengths beyond 10 s, i.e. thermal load, erosion, deposition and long-time signal integration in magnetic diagnostics. Problems arising from high power ECRH under conditions of incomplete absorption are outlined. Individual standard diagnostic systems are discussed to identify their specific problems as well as the opportunities connected with long pulse operation. Burning plasma experiments characterized by intense n- and γ-radiation are briefly reviewed for reasons of completeness, dealing with radiation induced processes in windows, fibres, cables and mirrors. Methods of data handling, real time monitoring and plasma control are outlined.
Motor Cortex Excitability Reflects the Subjective Value of Reward and Mediates Its Effects on Incentive-Motivated Performance

Performance-based incentives tend to increase an individual's motivation, resulting in enhancements in behavioral output. While much work has focused on understanding how the brain's reward circuitry influences incentive-motivated performance, fewer studies have investigated how such reward representations act on the motor system. Here we measured motor cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation while female and male human participants performed a motoric incentive motivation task for prospective monetary gains and losses. We found that individuals' performance increased for increasing prospective gains and losses. While motor cortical excitability appeared insensitive to prospective loss, temporal features of motor cortical excitability for prospective gains were modulated by an independent measure of an individual's subjective preferences for incentive (i.e., loss aversion). Those individuals that were more loss averse had a greater motor cortical sensitivity to prospective gain, closer to movement onset. Critically, behavioral sensitivity to incentive and motor cortical sensitivity to prospective gains were both predicted by loss aversion. Furthermore, causal modeling indicated that motor cortical sensitivity to incentive mediated the relationship between subjective preferences for incentive and behavioral sensitivity to incentive. Together, our findings suggest that motor cortical activity integrates information about the subjective value of reward to invigorate incentive-motivated performance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Increasing incentives tend to increase motivation and effort. Using a motoric incentive motivation task and transcranial magnetic stimulation, we studied the motor cortical mechanisms responsible for incentive-motivated motor performance. We provide experimental evidence that motor cortical sensitivity to incentive mediates the relationship between subjective preferences for incentive and incentive-motivated performance. These results indicate that, rather than simply being a reflection of motor output, motor cortical physiology integrates information about reward value to motivate performance.
Student Support Gaps in an Open Distance Learning Context.

Studying through distance education can be problematic for any student, but it can be worse for rural students for diverse reasons. To ensure that students studying through the open distance learning (ODL) system have an enduring learning experience, ODL builds student support as one of its components. The University of South Africa (Unisa) provides a number of student support services to its students but it appears most of the students are not able to access the services adequately. This article investigates the access challenges that students face in their ODL mode of study. A mixed-methods approach using a focus group and a set of questionnaires were applied to solicit the views and experiences of students on the challenges they face in accessing the support services the university offers. The results indicate that although most of the support services are in place, students in the rural areas are not able to access them adequately, thereby impacting adversely on their studies. This study recommends that Unisa increase its support services and train academic and support staff as well as students on using the support services available to them.
Are narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies highly accreting low-MBH AGNs?

In this work, we test the hypothesis that narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NSL1s) are active galactic nuclei in their early phase and are therefore younger and more active than the more common broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (BLS1s). If that is true, then NLS1s should, on average, have lower black hole masses and higher accretion rates than BLS1s. To test this, we use a sample of 35 NLS1s and 54 BLS1s with similar X-ray luminosity distributions and good XMM-Newton observations. To determine the black hole mass, we apply an X-ray scaling method that is independent of any assumptions on the broad-line region dynamics and the inclination of the objects. We find that, on average, NLS1s have lower black hole masses, but the difference between the average black hole masses of NLS1s and BLS1s in our sample is only marginally significant (at the 2.6 sigma level). According to a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the distribution of black hole mass values of NLS1s is different from that of BLS1s at the 99% confidence level. Even stronger differences between NLS1s and BLS1s are inferred when the accretion rate distributions of NLS1s are compared to BLS1s, suggesting that the two populations are indeed distinct. Our study also indicates that the black hole mass values (both for NLS1s and BLS1s) determined with the X-ray scaling method are fully consistent with those obtained using reverberation mapping.
Search for systemic mass loss in Algols with bow shocks

Aims. Various studies indicate that interacting binary stars of Algol type evolve non-conservatively. However, direct detections of systemic mass loss in Algols have been scarce so far. We study the systemic mass loss in Algols by looking for the presence of infrared excesses originating from the thermal emission of dust grains, which is linked to the presence of a stellar wind. Methods. In contrast to previous studies, we make use of the fact that stellar and interstellar material is piled up at the edge of the astrosphere where the stellar wind interacts with the interstellar medium. We analyse WISE W3 $12\,\mu$m and WISE W4 $22\,\mu$m data of Algol-type binary Be and B[e] stars and the properties of their bow shocks. From the stand-off distance of the bow shock we are able to determine the mass-loss rate of the binary system. Results. Although the velocities of the stars with respect to the interstellar medium are quite low, we find bow shocks present in two systems, namely $\pi$ Aqr, and $\varphi$ Per; a third system, CX Dra, shows a more irregular circumstellar environment morphology which might somehow be related to systemic mass loss. The properties of the two bow shocks point to mass-loss rates and wind velocities typical of single B stars, which do not support an enhanced systemic mass loss.
Adoption of Bambara groundnut production and its effects on farmers welfare in Northern Ghana

With the growing concerns about the likely implications of climate change, the long term sustainability of conventional agricultural approaches and biodiversity loss have contributed to a growing interest in the potential of the so-called underutilised crops to address food, nutritional, and income security challenges. In support of their wider use, advocates of underutilised crops associate a number of benefits with them. These include agronomic and nutritional benefits such as drought tolerance and micro-nutrient content and the perceived socio-economic benefits of their wider use. It is widely suggested that the adoption of such crops can generate improved agricultural resilience and support nutrition, food and income security. Simultaneously, the adoption of underutilised crops is seen as a means of conserving biodiversity. However, scientific evidence concerning the use of such crops remains extremely limited. Crucially, little research has been undertaken concerning the contribution of such crops to the welfare of producers. This study investigates the socio-economic factors characterising the production of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrana (L.) Verdc. ) in Northern Ghana and the impact of its production on farmers’ welfare. Primary data was collected based on the 2013 farming season, 240 farmers were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A treatment effect model, comprising an adoption and a welfare model was estimated. The probability of adopting Bambara groundnut was found to be greater for: unmarried farmers; farmers in larger households; farmers with little or no formal education; and farmers who had no access to credit. The production of Bambara groundnut led to increased household welfare, as measured by the level of household per capita expenditure/consumption. Results suggest that while further research and support for Bambara groundnut production could contribute to addressing high poverty levels in the region, many of the basic assumptions underlying current advocacy of underutilised crops need rigorous empirical verification. Key words: Adoption, underutilised crops, Bambara groundnut, Northern Ghana, treatment effect model, welfare.
Teaching the art of playing with career-coupling relationships in the virtuoso world

Socialization of young virtuosos in the milieu of soloists involves creating and entertaining particular ties. Those ties, which mix the private and professional lives of teacher, student, and parents, offer an interesting avenue for studying socialization. I examine one relationship crucial to the virtuoso's career: the close-knit relationship between teacher and student, and the effect each one has on the career of the other. I define this process as “career coupling,” where those involved build their careers together. I base this analysis on ethnographic research of the careers of elite musicians.
Population Genetic Diversity and Structure in Goodyera rosulacea (Orchidaceae), Endemic in Korea, and Implications for Conservation

We assessed genetic diversity and structure in the outcrossing orchid Goodyera rosulacea, endemic to limestone regions in Korea. Using allozymes as genetic markers, standard genetic diversity measures within and among populations as well as genetic structure were estimated. In addition, a regression analysis between pairwise genetic and geographical distances and correlation analyses between population sizes and estimates of genetic variation within populations were conducted to gain insights into the past evolutionary processes. Moderate levels of genetic variation were found in the species (%P s = 31.6%, A s = 1.37, H es = 0.126); at the population level, slightly lower levels were estimated (%P p = 27.8%, A p = 1.31, H ep = 0.100). Overall fixation index was not significantly different from zero (F IS = 0.160). As compared with that in most terrestrial orchids, the measure of genetic differentiation among populations was also moderate (F ST = 0.150). At the regional scale, a weak linear regression between pairwise genetic and geographical distances was found, suggesting that populations are not at equilibrium between gene flow and genetic drift (i.e., little evidence of isolation-by-distance effect). A significant correlation between population size and mean number of alleles per locus was detected (p = 0.006). These results suggest that genetic drift, coupled with limited seed dispersal, has played an increasing role in the genetic dynamics of small populations, though outcrossing breeding system might have in part counterbalanced against these negative effects. Threats to the species are considered to be anthropogenic. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies are suggested to preserve the genetic variation in the rare G. rosulacea.
1 HEALTHCARE SUPPLY CHAINS : A CASE STUDY OF HOSPITAL-VENDOR COLLABORATIVE PRACTICES

The paper discusses the characteristics of healthcare supply chains, and puts particular emphasis on the implementation of VMI/CMI in this sector specific context. By the means of case study research the paper provides empirical data on the benefits of the above collaborative practices for both the hospital and vendors. The paper contributes to the stream of research on VMI/CMI in the healthcare sector, where limited research attempts have been conducted so far. In contrast to other surveys this case study shows that specific and measurable cost reductions exist, in addition to other improvements such as better control over the inventories, and also in reduction of administrative work. Results obtained may be also relevant to other hospitals and vendors and as they can form a basis for comparisons.
A Methodological Probe to Aeronautical English Vocabulary Instruction

Students’ knowledge of words impacts their achievement in all areas of the curriculum because words are necessary for communicating the content. Aeronautical English vocabulary is a major difficulty which impedes students’ progress in EAP (English for Academic Purposes) learning (usually conducted in native English countries) or ESP (English for Specific Purposes). The paper introduces readers to the status quo of aeronautical English vocabulary teaching in P. R. China and some specifics of it in classroom activities so that EAP/ESP teachers can have a better idea of ESL teaching with regard to width and depth of aeronautical English vocabulary knowledge.