Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trust, but verify. The errors and misinterpretations in the Cochrane analysis by O. J. Storebo and colleagues on the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate for the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD.

Objective A recent Cochrane review published by O. J. Storebo and colleagues (2015) raised substantial doubts about the benefit from stimulant medication with methylphenidate in the treatment of childhood ADHD due to the overall poor quality of studies. The systematic review thus contradicts all previous reviews and meta-analyses. Method We here detail various examples of errors, inconsistencies, and misinterpretations in the review which led to false results and inadequate conclusions. Results We demonstrate that the study selection is flawed and undertaken without sufficient scientific justification resulting in an underestimation of effect sizes, which, furthermore, are inadmissibly clinically interpreted. The methodology of the assessment of bias and quality is not objective and cannot be substantiated by the data. Conclusions Cochrane reviews lay claim to a high scientific quality and substantial relevance for evidence-based clinical decisions. The systematic review by Storebo and colleagues (2015) illustrates that, despite adhering to strict standards and high-quality protocols, even Cochrane works should be critically read and verified, sometimes with surprising results.
Colicin V-treated Escherichia coli does not generate membrane potential

Colicin V-treated Escherichia coli was inhibited in its capacity to carry out active transport of proline and was unable to generate a membrane potential. Colicin V also prevented membrane potential formation by isolated cytoplasmic membrane vesicles. We conclude that a primary effect of this colicin involves the cytoplasmic membrane as a target.
The Impact of Cultural Internalization and Integration on Well-Being among Tricultural Individuals

The cultural internalization and competence of a diverse sample of tricultural university students was assessed. Based on recent research on the internalization of cultural norms, it was predicted that (a) having a heritage culture that embraced egalitarian values would be conducive to autonomous internalization and cultural competence, (b) competence and internalization would be associated with positive affect in heritage cultural contexts, and (c) the same positive relations between competence, internalization, and affect would be evident in English Canadian and French Canadian contexts. The study included 113 participants representing more than 35 distinct ethnicities. Results supported the hypothesized relations among egalitarianism, autonomous internalization, competence, and affect. Furthermore, the results indicated that individuals’ cultural adaptation in both heritage and English Canadian cultures, combined with the extent to which they had integrated their cultural identities in their self, predicted psychological wellbeing.
Evaluation of the optimum time for direct application of fibroblast growth factor to human traumatic tympanic membrane perforations

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the optimum time for direct application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on large traumatic tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs). Study design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Tertiary University Hospital. Methods: Ninety-three patients, with traumatic TMPs greater in extent than 25% of the entire tympanic membrane, were randomized into observation and bFGF-treated groups (∼0.2–0.25 mL of bFGF solution was applied directly onto the TM once daily and continued until the perforation closed). Initial visit times were subcategorized into perforation durations of ≤3 and >3 days, thereby rendering two subgroups, as follows: A and B in the observation group; and C and D in the bFGF-treated group. The closure rate and mean closure time were evaluated after 6 months. Results: Eighty-six patients were finally analyzed. After 6 months, the bFGF-treated group exhibited a significantly higher total closure rate (97.8 versus 82.5%, p < 0.05) and a shorter mean closure time (12.5 ± 3.4 versus 34.0 ± 5.9 days, p < 0.05) compared with the spontaneous healing group. In addition, in the observation group, visiting time was not associated with differences in closure rate (p > 0.05) and mean closure time (p > 0.05), between the A and B subgroups. Similarly, in the bFGF-treated group, visiting time was not associated with differences in closure rate (p > 0.05) between the C and D subgroups. However, the D subgroup was characterized by significantly shortened mean closure time compared with the C subgroup (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study shows the beneficial effect of bFGF on human traumatic large TMPs when applied after the 3rd day post-injury had passed (i.e. during the proliferative stage of wound healing). The procedure can not only significantly shorten closure time but can also reduce both the clinical administration duration and occurrence of side-effects associated with bFGF.
Kinematics and dynamics of sphere wake transition

The wake of a sphere undergoes a number of symmetry-breaking transitions as it changes from laminar to turbulent. This paper concentrates on the "rst two transitions. At Re"212 a regular transition occurs, when the wake develops a spectacular two-tailed structure consisting of two trailing streamwise vortices. During the second transition at Re"272 the #ow undergoes a Hopf bifurcation. In this case there is a complex interaction between the trailing vortices leading to the periodic shedding of vortex loops. Both these transitions are shown to be supercritical (or nonhysteretic). Landau models are constructed for both transitions and the coe$cients determined. The visual impression of an apparently sudden bifurcation to the two-tailed wake is shown to be due to the focal nature of the trailing vortices, which draws dye into the cores, even if their net circulation is small. A precursor to the second transition to the periodic wake is strong kinking of the trailing vortices about 1 diameter downstream from the back of the sphere. The vorticity structure of the two-tailed wake prior to transition is also quanti"ed which may prove useful for development of models of the transition process. ( 2001 Academic Press
Delay Compensation of Tilt Sensors Based on MEMS Accelerometer Using Data Fusion Technique

In this paper, the inaccuracies of the tilt sensor based on microelectromechanical systems accelerometer and gyroscope during the process of the angle measurement are considered, and a new method is proposed to compensate them, using data fusion of sensors. The tilt sensor has a constant delay and low bandwidth. In the gyroscope, drift phenomena makes some difficulties in the angle measurement. A model for the sensory system is developed and a modified Kalman filter is proposed to compensate the delay of the tilt sensor using the data fusion technique. A complementary filter is designed to overcome the problem of low bandwidth in the tilt sensor. The overall proposed sensor fusion consists of a complementary filter as a prefilter and a modified Kalman filter as a postfilter to solve the problems of bandwidth and delay, respectively. The experimental tests are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed sensor fusion scheme. In these experiments, the accuracy in the tilt measurement is improved from 10° to 0.9° and 15° to 0.6° in low-frequency tests, and from 18° to 0.8° in higher frequency test. In addition, the bandwidth of the tilt measurement is enhanced from 0.16 (bandwidth of tilt sensor) to 6 Hz. The results show proper performance of the proposed approach in the line of delay compensation and increment of the bandwidth.
Perceptions of a Photograph of a Woman with Visible Piercings

To examine perceptions of people with visible piercings 105 undergraduate students from four different courses on campus (85 women, 20 men; M age =20.0 yr., SD = 3.4) were randomly assigned to rate a photograph of a women with or without piercings on her eyebrow, ear, lip, and nose on 13 characteristics. Analysis indicated the model with visible piercings was rated less religious and more creative, artistic, and mysterious. These findings differ from previous findings on perception of tattoos. Implications and directions for research with different age groups are discussed.
Highly efficient gene transfer system using a laminin–DNA–apatite composite layer

We have recently developed a safe and efficient gene transfer system using a laminin–DNA–apatite composite layer. The objectives of the present study were to fully characterize and optimize the laminin–DNA–apatite composite layer in relation to the efficiency of gene transfer and to demonstrate the feasibility of the composite layer in the induction of cell differentiation.
Acquisition and Utilization of Information About Alcohol Use in Pregnancy Among Australian Pregnant Women and Service Providers.

INTRODUCTION Because of an unknown safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and inconsistent alcohol guidelines for pregnant women, it is unclear what information is being circulated with regard to alcohol use and pregnancy. This study aimed to explore how pregnant women and service providers acquire and utilize information about alcohol use during pregnancy. METHODS This qualitative study involved 10-minute semistructured interviews with 74 mothers of young children and focus groups with 14 service providers in urban and rural areas of New South Wales in 2008 and 2009. Mothers were asked about their use of pregnancy-related services, social support, and their perceptions about advice they received about alcohol use during pregnancy. Service providers were asked about what they knew about recommended alcohol use during pregnancy, how they knew it, and how they communicated this information to pregnant clients. RESULTS Women and service providers expressed uncertainty about what the alcohol recommendations were for pregnant women. Health care providers were inclined to discuss alcohol use with women they perceived to be high risk but not otherwise. Women felt pressure to both drink and not drink during their pregnancies. Those who drank discounted abstinence messages and reported a process of internal bargaining on issues such as the stage of their pregnancy and the type of beverages they consumed. Those who abstained did so mainly because they were afraid of being held responsible for any problems with their pregnancies or infants that might have occurred from drinking. DISCUSSION Confusion surrounding the recommendations regarding alcohol use during pregnancy, inconsistency in addressing alcohol use with pregnant women, information overload, and a perceived culture of drinking appear to contribute to the high proportion of Australian women drinking during pregnancy.
Emergence and Disappearance of a Virulent Clone of Haemophilus influenzae Biogroup aegyptius, Cause of Brazilian Purpuric Fever

SUMMARY In 1984, children presented to the emergency department of a hospital in the small town of Promissão, São Paulo State, Brazil, with an acute febrile illness that rapidly progressed to death. Local clinicians and public health officials recognized that these children had an unusual illness, which led to outbreak investigations conducted by Brazilian health officials in collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The studies that followed are an excellent example of the coordinated and parallel studies that are used to investigate outbreaks of a new disease, which became known as Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF). In the first outbreak investigation, a case-control study confirmed an association between BPF and antecedent conjunctivitis but the etiology of the disease could not be determined. In a subsequent outbreak, children with BPF were found to have bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (H. aegyptius), an organism previously known mainly to cause self-limited purulent conjunctivitis. Molecular characterization of blood and other isolates demonstrated the clonal nature of the H. aegyptius strains that caused BPF, which were genetically distant from the diverse strains that cause only conjunctivitis. This led to an intense effort to identify the factors causing the unusual invasiveness of the BPF clone, which has yet to definitively identify the virulence factor or factors involved. After a series of outbreaks and sporadic cases through 1993, no additional cases of BPF have been reported.
Strong solutions to the 2D Cauchy problem of density-dependent viscous Boussinesq equations with vacuum

This paper concerns the Cauchy problem of the density-dependent Boussinesq equations without dissipation term on the temperature equation on the whole space R2 with vacuum as far field density. We show that there exists a unique local strong solution provided the initial density and the initial temperature decay not too slow at infinity. In particular, the initial data can be arbitrarily large and the initial density may contain vacuum states. Moreover, there is no need to require any Cho-Choe-Kim type compatibility conditions.
Idiotype vaccination in patients with myeloma reduced circulating myeloma cells (CMC).

BACKGROUND Circulating myeloma cells (CMC), exhibiting the same immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangements as the plasma cells, are part of the myeloma clone. In this study, we evaluated the effect of idiotype (Id) vaccination on CMC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eleven patients were immunized with the autologous Id in combinations with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 12, and followed for CMC by quantitative real-time allele-specific PCR. Id-specific T cells were monitored by proliferation assay, enzyme-linked immunospot (interferon-gamma) assay, and quantitative real-time PCR for cytokines. Regulatory T (T(reg)) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS CMC were detected in 9 of 11 patients at start of vaccination. In four patients, CMC declined and two had a complete molecular remission. Further two patients had stable levels of CMC during follow-up, while in three patients CMC progressively increased. Six patients had a vaccine-induced Id-specific T-cell response. A significant correlation was observed between reduced/stable levels of CMC and the Id-specific T cells (P < 0.02). The frequency of T(reg) cells was decreased in immune responders, but increased in immune nonresponders (P < 0.05). No significant change in the serum M-protein concentration was, however, observed in any patient. CONCLUSION Id vaccination reduced CMC, which correlated with vaccine-induced Id-specific T cells. Further studies are warranted to analyze the clinical significance of CMC and clinical effects of Id vaccination.
Strong Convergence Theorems by Shrinking Projection Methods for Class T Mappings

LetH be a real Hilbert space with inner product 〈·, ·〉 and norm ‖ · ‖, and let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of H. Recall that a mapping T : H → H is said to be nonexpansive if ‖Tx−Ty‖ ≤ ‖x−y‖ for all x, y ∈ H. The set of fixed points of T is Fix T : {x ∈ H : Tx x}. T : H → H is said to be quasi-nonexpansive if Fix T is nonempty and ‖Tx − p‖ ≤ ‖x − p‖ for all x ∈ H and p ∈ Fix T . Given x, y ∈ H, let
Thresholds for post-rebound SHIV control after CCR5 gene-edited autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation

The two recent cases of HIV cure/stable remission following allogeneic stem cell transplantation are difficult to reproduce because of the toxicity of the procedure and rarity of donors homozygous for the CCR5Δ32 deletion. One approach to overcome these barriers is the use of autologous, CCR5 gene-edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) products. Unlike allogeneic transplantation, in which the frequency of CCR5Δ32 donor cells approaches 100%, the CCR5 gene can currently only be edited ex vivo in a fraction of autologous HSPCs. Therefore, we sought to determine the minimum fraction required for viral control using mathematical modeling. We analyzed data from eight juvenile pigtail macaques infected intravenously with SHIV-1157ipd3N4, treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and infused with autologous HSPCs without CCR5 gene editing. We developed a mathematical model that simultaneously describes reconstitution of CD4+CCR5+, CD4+CCR5−, and CD8+ T cell counts, as well as SHIV plasma viral loads in control and transplanted macaques. The model predicts that transplantation decreases the immunologic response to SHIV to varying degrees in macaques. By modifying the model to hypothetically describe transplantation with a given fraction of protected CCR5-edited cells we found that loss of immunologic response correlated with a more profound depletion of CCR5+CD4+ T cells and a higher fractions of gene-edited cells required for cART-free viral remission. Our results provide a framework to predict the likelihood of post-rebound control in vivo using the percentage of CCR5-edited cells in peripheral blood and the loss of HIV-specific immunity following autologous HSPC. Key Points Data-validated modeling suggest that loss of immune response after transplantation produces more depletion of CD4+CCR5+ T cells post-ATI. The minimum fraction of transplanted gene-edited cells for viral control linearly relates with the CD4+CCR5+ T cell nadir 10 weeks post-ATI.
Chemosignals Communicate Human Emotions

Can humans communicate emotional states via chemical signals? In the experiment reported here, we addressed this question by examining the function of chemosignals in a framework furnished by embodied social communication theory. Following this theory, we hypothesized that the processes a sender experiences during distinctive emotional states are transmitted to receivers by means of the chemicals that the sender produces, thus establishing a multilevel correspondence between sender and receiver. In a double-blind experiment, we examined facial reactions, sensory-regulation processes, and visual search in response to chemosignals. We demonstrated that fear chemosignals generated a fearful facial expression and sensory acquisition (increased sniff magnitude and eye scanning); in contrast, disgust chemosignals evoked a disgusted facial expression and sensory rejection (decreased sniff magnitude, target-detection sensitivity, and eye scanning). These findings underline the neglected social relevance of chemosignals in regulating communicative correspondence outside of conscious access.
Using 3D Features to Evaluate Cork Quality

A semiconductor cleaning method for removing particles that have adhered to the back side of a semiconductor wafer. The semiconductor wafer is placed on a support. Inert gas is blown against the back of the semiconductor wafer by a plurality of nozzles, each of which is positioned at a predetermined angle to the back of the semiconductor wafer and inclined in a first direction. An air exhaust is located near the periphery of the semiconductor wafer and arranged so as to suck in the particles removed from the semiconductor wafer with the nozzles.
Infraspecific taxonomy of tularemia agent Francisella tularensis McCoy et Chapin.

The authors investigated 286 strains of the tularemia microbe isolated in a number of countries of the Old and the New World from humans, hares, rodents, ticks, water and other objects, including 217 strains from the USSR and 69 strains from other countries. As a result, the earlier observed subspecific differences in the biological properties of the tularemia strains isolated in different regions were reconfirmed on an extensive material. It is proposed to designate the three subspecies distinguished within the species as follows: Francisella tularensis holarctica Ols. , occurring in the Old World as well as in the New World; F. t. nearctica Ols. , known only in North America, and F. t. media-asiatica Aikimb. , occurring in Central Asia. Three biological varieties are distinguished in the holarctic subspecies: biovar japonica Rod. , occurring on the Japanese islands, biovar I eryS (erythromycin-sensitive) distributed in Old and New World and biovar II eryR (erythromycin-resistant) known only in a few localities in Europe and Asia. Subspecific taxons differ from each other in several stable signs including biochemical-fermentation of glycerol and citrulline, and others, in the degree of pathogenicity for man and domestic rabbits, in the ecology and also in the area of distribution while the biovars differ in one sign and partly in the area of distribution. No differences were found between the North-American strains of the holarctic subspecies and the Eurasian holarctic strains of biovar I. The absence of serological differences between the individual taxons is no obstacle to infraspecific taxonomy of the tularemia microbe.
Cloning and Expression Analysis of Chicken Phospholipid‐Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase

Abstract Phospholipid‐hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPX4 or PHGPX) is a unique selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase that reduces phospholipid, cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides. Phospholipid‐hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase has been shown to exist as both a 197 amino acid mitochondrial targeting protein and as a 170 amino acid non‐mitochondrial protein. The cDNA encoding the non‐mitochondrial chicken GPX4 (cGPX4) has been isolated from an immortalized DF‐1 chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cell line cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence of cGPX4 was 802 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) that encoded 170 amino acids but lacked the N ′‐terminal domain that encoded the mitochondrial leader sequence (MLS). Chicken non‐mitochondrial GPX4 was highly expressed in brain and stromal tissues. Surprisingly, it was found that ovarian stromal tissue cGPX4 expression is regulated quite differently according to the reproductive status of the bird, suggesting that GPX4 may play an important role in reproduction in response to steroid hormones, in addition to its general antioxidant functions.