Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Growth Suppression on Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells More Effectively than Eicosapentaenoic Acid

abstract Omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to possess definitively suppressive effects on the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. This study investigated the differential effects of pure EPA and DHA on the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells and the potential molecular mechanisms that may be involved. There were significant time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects of both EPA and DHA on cellular proliferation of the epithelial ovarian cancer cell line TOV-21G (P < 0.05). TOV-21G cells pretreated with peroxisome proliferator receptor activator gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, GW9662, markedly suppressed EPA/DHA-induced apoptosis as determined by TUNEL assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and caspase-3 activity. EPA/DHA significantly induced PPARγ and p53 overexpression as observed in immunoblotting assay and the induction of p53 by EPA/DHA was abolished by GW9662. In all cases, the effect of DHA was significantly more potent than that of EPA (P < 0.05). Our findings suggested that DHA may be more effective than EPA in growth suppression of TOV-21G cells and the biologic effects may be partly mediated by PPARγ and p53 activation. Further research is required to elucidate additional divergent mechanisms to account for apparent differences between EPA and DHA.
Wound Closure in Nonidiopathic Scoliosis: Does Closure Matter?

Background: Postoperative wound complications after posterior spinal fusion are difficult to manage. The incidence in the nonidiopathic patient population is significantly higher than the adolescent idiopathic population. A comparison of wound complications after posterior spinal fusion for nonidiopathic scoliosis between the utilization of the orthopaedic surgical team at the time of closure performing a nonstandardized wound closure versus a plastic surgeon with a plastic multilayered closure technique and rotational flap coverage when needed had not previously been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the complication rate between nonstandardized and plastic multilayered closure of the surgical incision in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for nonidiopathic scoliosis. Methods: The charts of 76 patients with a primary diagnosis of scoliosis associated with a syndrome or neuromuscular disease and who underwent a posterior spinal fusion were reviewed. Forty-two patients had their incisions closed using the nonstandardized technique and 34 using the plastic multilayered technique. These 2 groups were compared for age, sex, primary diagnosis, number of levels fused, estimated blood loss, number of units transfused, operating room time, wound complication, and return to operating room. Results: The wound complication rate in the nonstandardized closure group was 19% (8/42) compared with 0% (0/34) in the plastic multilayered closure group (P=0.007). The unanticipated return to the operating room rate was 11.9% (5/42) for the nonstandardized closure patients versus 0% (0/34) for the plastic multilayered closure patients (P=0.061). Conclusions: The use of the plastic multilayered closure technique in this patient population is important in an effort to decrease postoperative wound complications. The ability of the surgical team to decrease the infection rate of nonidiopathic scoliosis cannot be overstated. The method of wound closure plays a major role in lowering this incidence. Level of Evidence: Level III—therapeutic.
Active travel to school: views of 10‐13 year old schoolchildren in Scotland

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the views of Scottish schoolchildren on active travel to school and their ideas about promotion strategies for school‐based interventions.Design/methodology/approach – Focus group discussions were conducted with 66 students from four primary and three secondary schools.Findings – The most common perceived barriers to active school travel were personal safety, weather conditions and time/distance. To a lesser extent, image, physical discomfort and aspects of the physical environment also prevented children from walking or cycling to school. Perceived benefits centred on health and fitness, environmental and social factors. Enjoyment, confidence and social influences were all discussed, with the latter appearing to have the most significant impact on active travel behaviour. Students suggested a number of potential promotion strategies, including incentives and reward schemes to enhance motivation. Practical exercises such as a group walk or cycle were more .
The High Risk of Infection With Delayed Treatment of Open Seymour Fractures: Salter-Harris I/II or Juxta-epiphyseal Fractures of the Distal Phalanx With Associated Nailbed Laceration

Background: To describe treatment methods and complication rates of all open Seymour fractures (Salter-Harris I/II or juxta-epiphyseal fractures of the distal phalanx of the hand with associated nailbed laceration) treated at or referred to a pediatric level 1 trauma center over a 10-year time period. We hypothesized that delayed treatment of Seymour fractures results in higher infectious complication rates. Methods: We identified all patients treated for open Seymour fractures at the orthopaedic hand clinic at our level 1 pediatric trauma center between August 2002 and December 2012. All charts were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into groups based on timing and completeness of treatment. “Appropriate” treatment was defined as irrigation and debridement, fracture reduction, and antibiotic administration. “Partial” treatment was defined as any type of incomplete treatment; “Acute” treatment was defined as management within 24 hours of the injury; and “Delayed” as having received treatment after 24 hours from the time of injury. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Fisher exact test. Results: A total of 34 patients treated for 35 Seymour fractures met the inclusion criteria. In total, 31% (11/35) received acute, appropriate treatment, 37% (13/35) received acute, partial treatment, and 31% (11/35) received delayed treatment. There were 7 infectious complications: 2 superficial and 5 osteomyelitis. No infections occurred in the acutely, appropriately treated group (infection rate 0%, 0/11), 2 occurred in the acutely, partially treated group (15%, 2/13), and 5 occurred in the delayed treatment group (45%, 5/11). Conclusions: The timing and quality of treatment of open Seymour fractures significantly influences infection rates. This study highlights the importance of timely and appropriate treatment of this seemingly innocuous fracture. Level of Evidence: Level III—retrospective study, therapeutic.
Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Seed Coats of Differently Colored European Varieties of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Characterization of Their Antioxidant and In Vitro Anticancer Activities

ABSTRACT To date little has been done on identification of major phenolic compounds responsible for anticancer and antioxidant properties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed coat extracts. In the present study, phenolic profile of the seed coat extracts from 10 differently colored European varieties has been determined using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer technique. Extracts of dark colored varieties with high total phenolic content (up to 46.56 mg GAE/g) exhibited strong antioxidant activities (measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl or DPPH assay, and ferric ion reducing and ferrous ion chelating capacity assays) which could be attributed to presence of gallic acid, epigallocatechin, naringenin, and apigenin. The aqueous extracts of dark colored varieties exert concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on all tested malignant cell lines (human colon adenocarcinoma LS174, human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453, human lung carcinoma A594, and myelogenous leukemia K562). Correlation analysis revealed that intensities of cytotoxic activity of the extracts strongly correlated with contents of epigallocatechin and luteolin. Cell cycle analysis on LS174 cells in the presence of caspase-3 inhibitor points out that extracts may activate other cell death modalities besides caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. The study provides evidence that seed coat extracts of dark colored pea varieties might be used as potential cancer-chemopreventive and complementary agents in cancer therapy.
Morus Rubra Extract Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Telomerase

ABSTRACT Many studies have reported cytotoxic effects of different Morus species, but there have been only limited studies on the cytotoxic effect of Morus rubra. The aims of this study were to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of dimethyl sulfoxide extract of M. rubra and to investigate, for the first time, its probable cytotoxic activity in human colon cancer (WiDr) cells, together with the mechanism involved. The cytotoxic activity of extract was determined using MTT assay. The mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effect of extract was then evaluated in terms of apoptosis, and the cell cycle using flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was investigated using the fluorometric method, and expression levels of telomerase and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were investigated using reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). M. rubra extract exhibited moderate selective cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells compared with fibroblast cells. Extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis via reduced MMP in WiDr cells. Additionally, M. rubra extract significantly repressed telomerase and induced CHOP expressions in WiDr cells. Our results demonstrate that targeting telomerase and endoplasmic reticulum stress represents a promising strategy in colon cancer therapy, and M. rubra may have considerable potential for development as a novel natural product-based anticancer agent.
Risk factors in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: A retrospective hospital-based case control study in Warrington

The objective of the study was to assess risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, previously reported in cases control studies from other countries. It was conducted in a psychiatric of unit for the elderly in Warrington, a town in the northwest of England. A retrospective hospital-based, case control method was used comparing 198 cases of Alzheimer's disease (ADRDANINCDS diagnostic criteria) to selected controls (164 other dementias and 176 non-dementing group) in respect of their family, medical and personal histories.The subjects included all patients referred to and seen by the author during a two-year study period. Fifty-eight of 198 Alzheimer's cases reported family history of dementia, compared with 35 of 340 controls (OR=3.27 95% CI 1.89–5.39), p <0.01. The Odds ratio for smoking was 0.68; significant only in men (0.45, p <0.05). The odds ratio for having a history of head injury was 1.52 (0.98–2.35), also significant only in male patients (OR=2.1, p <0.05). The study confirms a family history of dementia in first-degree relatives as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. No cases with either Down's syndrome or having family history of it were reported in the study sample. Previously reported head injury as a risk factor appears to apply to all dementias and was not confined to Alzheimer's disease. The inverse relationship with smoking was evident, but significant only in men.
Weight Loss During Initial Chemotherapy Predicts Survival in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) often suffer weight loss, which can be used to predict prognosis. Few reports have assessed the correlation between weight loss during chemotherapy and survival in patients with AGC. Methods: Fifty-three patients with histologically proven AGC, who started systemic chemotherapy from September 2010 to March 2014, were retrospectively examined for body weight, inflammatory status, and survival. Correlation analyses were performed between weight change and survival. Correlations between weight loss and the patient characteristics were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analyses. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.4 years; 64% of the patients were males. Initial chemotherapy included fluoropyrimidine plus cisplatin (62%), fluoropyrimidine alone (26%), and other medications (12%); 72% of the patients exhibited weight loss during the initial therapy. Poorer mean overall survival and mean progression-free survival were observed in patients with weight loss of higher-than-average values than in those with weight loss of lower-than-average values. Serum C-reactive protein levels were significantly correlated with weight loss. Conclusions: Weight loss during initial chemotherapy for AGC may predict survival. Systemic inflammation is suggested to be associated with weight loss.
Impact of Abdominal Adipose Depots and Race on Risk for Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study

ABSTRACT Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but not subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with obesity-related diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). Superficial SAT (SSAT) and deep SAT (DSAT), components of SAT, also appear to independently influence disease risk. These abdominal adipose tissues (AATs) are not extensively studied in connection with CRC and have not been explored in the United States despite known racial variations in body composition. We conducted a case-control study that compared associations between AAT with CRC risk and race of African-American (AA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) men with incident CRC matched by age, body mass index, and race (N = 158, 79/group). Cross-sectional computed tomography images were used for assessment of AAT. Overall cases and controls had similar VAT areas (140 ± 192 vs 149 ± 152 cm2, P-value = 0.93); however, cases had lower SSAT than controls (88 ± 39 vs 112 ± 65 cm2, P < 0.01). Among controls, AA had significantly lower VAT (114 ± 168 vs 180 ± 167, P < 0.01) than NHW. Conditional logistic regression revealed that AA men with greater SSAT had lower odds for CRC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.85). Our findings indicate that VAT does vary between cases and controls by race; however, this variation is not a risk factor for CRC. The negative association between CRC and SSAT in AA men warrants further investigation.
MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE GALLSTONE PANCREATITIS: SO THE STORY CONTINUES

Background: Surgical audit on management of mild acute gallstone pancreatitis at Western Health showed that non‐compliance of carrying out laparoscopic cholecystectomy or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and sphincterectomy within 4 weeks had resulted in a high readmission rate. Modification of management was then instituted and audit cycle repeated to assess the outcome.
Fixation of Chondral-only Shear Fractures of the Knee in Pediatric and Adolescent Athletes.

Purpose: Attempted fixation of acute osteochondral shear injuries of the knee, though rare, is generally pursued in young, active patients, provided the adequately-sized fragment contains substantial bony tissue. Traditional biological principles suggest cartilage alone cannot be reaffixed to bone. However, due to several case reports of successful fixation of chondral-only fragments, this concept remains controversial and incompletely explored. The purpose of the current study was therefore to evaluate the presenting features, techniques, rates of healing, clinical, and radiological results in a cohort of youth athletes who underwent fixation of …
Non‐invasive self‐referencing electrochemical sensors for quantifying real‐time biofilm analyte flux

Current techniques for characterizing biofilm physiology lack the signal filtering capability required for quantifying signals associated with real time biologically active transport. Though a great deal was learned from previous investigations, no results have been reported on the characterization of in vivo, real time biofilm flux using non‐invasive (non‐destructive) techniques. This article introduces the self‐referencing technique for applications in biofilm physiology. Self‐referencing is a non‐invasive sensing modality which is capable of sensing changes in biologically active analyte flux as small as 10 fmol cm−2 s−1. Studies directly characterizing flux, as opposed to concentration, have the advantage of quantifying real time changes in biologically active transport which are otherwise lost to background noise. The use of this modality for characterizing biofilm physiology is validated with a reversible enzyme inhibition study. The experiment used self‐referencing potentiometric sensors for quantifying real time ammonium and nitrite flux. Amperometric and optical sensing methods, though not presented herein, are also powerful sensing tools which benefit from operation in self‐referencing mode. Reversible ammonia monooxygenase inhibition by a copper chelator (thiourea), and subsequent relief by excess copper addition was successfully demonstrated using self‐referencing ion‐selective microelectrodes for a mature Nitrosomonas europaea biofilm. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 102: 791–799. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular engineering of exocytic vesicle traffic enhances the productivity of Chinese hamster ovary cells

A complex vesicle trafficking system manages the precise and regulated distribution of proteins, membranes and other molecular cargo between cellular compartments as well as the secretion of (heterologous) proteins in mammalian cells. Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins are key components of the system by regulating membrane fusion. However, it is not clear how SM proteins contribute to the overall exocytosis. Here, functional analysis of the SM protein Sly1 and Munc18c suggested a united, positive impact upon SNARE‐based fusion of ER‐to‐Golgi‐ and Golgi‐to‐plasma membrane‐addressed exocytic vesicles and increased the secretory capacity of different therapeutic proteins in Chinese hamster ovary cells up to 40 pg/cell/day. Sly1‐ and Munc18c‐based vesicle traffic engineering cooperated with Xbp‐1‐mediated ER/Golgi organelle engineering. Our study supports a model for united function of SM proteins in stimulating vesicle trafficking machinery and provides a generic secretion engineering strategy to improve biopharmaceutical manufacturing of important protein therapeutics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1170‐1181. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study Of Maternal And Fetal Outcome In Twin Gestation At Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Twin gestation is considered as high risk pregnancy due to associated high maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality in comparison with singleton pregnancies . Overall, the rate of twin gestation is on rise due to inadvertent use of ovulation induction drugs in assisted reproductive techniques. This observational study was carried out to find the maternal and perinatal outcome in 100 cases of twin gestation delivered at tertiary care referral hospital over a period of fifteen months. It was observed that the incidence of twins was 1.49 % . Seventy six percent cases were booked and attended antenatal clinic on regular basis . Preterm labour (84%) was the commonest obstetric complication ,whereas ,nutritional anemia (66%) and pregnancy induced hypertension (18%) were the commonest medical complications . The rate of caesarean section was 33%. There was no serious maternal morbidity or mortality . There were 35 perinatal deaths ,of which 20 were early neonatal deaths. Extreme prematurity (37%) and very low birth weight (33%) predisposed majority of perinatal deaths. Causes of neonatal deaths were respiratory distress, fulminant septicemia ,pulmonary hemorrhage and DIC. Judicious use of ovulation induction drugs can reduce the incidence of twin gestation. Early diagnosis of twin gestation with its chorionicity, careful monitoring for fetal wellbeing throughout the pregnancy ,regular antenatal checkups, adequate rest, good diet, cervical encirclage in selective cases, maternal gluco-corticoids therapy in preterm labour, short term tocolysis and institutional delivery having level III neonatal back up facilities can improve the maternal and perinatal outcome in twin gestation.
Morbus Whipple in Assoziation mit opportunistischen Infektionen

A 36-year-old man, with a history of recurrent respiratory infection, dermatomycosis, arthralgia and abnormal stools for 12 years, developed a febrile illness (up to 40 degrees C). A Serratia marcescens septicaemia responded to antibiotics. Four months later cervical and abdominal lymph-adenopathies were noticed. Cervical lymph node biopsy revealed lymphadenitis with epithelioid cell nests. Duodenoscopy with biopsy demonstrated Whipple's disease associated with lambliasis. Electron-microscopy showed rod-shaped bacteria typical of Whipple's disease, and Giardia lamblia. Using the polymerase chain reaction, Whipple-specific DNA fragments of 284 base pairs from the genome of the Whipple bacterium (Tropheryma whippelii) were demonstrated. Antibiotic treatment with Ampicillin (2 g three times daily) and ceftriaxone (2 g once daily) i.v. for 21 days, followed by oral ofloxacin (200 mg daily) and co-trimoxazole (three times daily 800 mg sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg trimethoprim), brought about remission of Whipple's disease. Long-term antibiotic treatment was continued with co-trimoxazole. Lambliasis recurred after 3 and 5 months, despite treatment with metronidazole, 250 mg three times daily for 7 days.
INLINE BIPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION DEVICE‐ASSISTED PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY IN A PORCINE MODEL

Background: Nephron‐sparing surgery has become an acceptable alternative to radical nephrectomy in the treatment of renal tumours. Control of intraoperative blood loss can be an important challenge during partial nephrectomy. InLine radiofrequency ablation (ILRFA) device has shown promising results of significant reduction of intraoperative blood loss in liver resection. In this study, we tested ILRFA‐assisted partial nephrectomy in a porcine model.
3D finite element model of biofilm detachment using real biofilm structures from CLSM data

In this work, a three‐dimensional model of fluid–structure interactions (FSI) in biofilm systems is developed in order to simulate biofilm detachment as a result of mechanical processes. Therein, fluid flow past the biofilm surface results in a mechanical load on the structure which in turn causes internal stresses in the biofilm matrix. When the strength of the matrix is exceeded parts of the structure are detached. The model is used to investigate the influence of several parameters related to the mechanical strength of the biofilm matrix, Young's modulus, Reynolds number, and biofilm structure on biofilm detachment. Variations in biofilm strength and flow conditions significantly influence the simulation outcome. With respect to structural properties the model is widely independent from a change of Young's modulus. A further result of this work indicates that the change of biofilm structure due to growth or other processes will significantly change the stress distribution in the biofilm and thereby the detachment rate. An increase of the mechanical load by increasing fluid flow results in a flat surface of the remaining biofilm structure. It is concluded that the change of structure during biofilm development is the key determinant in terms of the detachment behavior. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 177–186. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.