Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the treatment of canine radial and tibial fractures with external fixators

Summary Objectives: To determine if indications for external fixator treatment of radial and tibial fractures, management of the fractures, or outcomes have changed over three decades. Methods: Three groups of dogs were identified from discrete time spans within three decades and the medical records and radiographs were evaluated. The groups were compared in order to determine whether indications (signalment, etiology, fracture type and configuration), reduction method, equipment and implants, frame types and pin numbers, numbers of radiographic reevaluations, use of destabilization, frequency of pin track osteolysis, frame removal times and percentage of complications remained the same over the decades. Results: The indications for external fixator treatment of radial and tibial fractures remained consistent over three decades. The equipment and implants changed over the decades. Frame construction changed from the predominately Type II frames constructed in the 1980’s and 1990’s to a variety of modified Type II, Type Ia, Type Ib and hybrid frames constructed in the 2000’s. The frequency of pin track osteolysis decreased significantly over the decades. Frame removal times have not changed significantly over the past three decades. Complications (nonunion, delayed union, osteomyelitis, implant failure and premature frame loss) have decreased over this time. Clinical significance: Improvements in techniques and equipment have led to decreased complications with external fixators.
Understanding the Link Between Organizational Communication and Innovation: An Examination of Public, Nonprofit, and For-Profit Organizations in South Korea

Innovation and internal communication are essential for any successful organization. Although communication within organizations has long been studied in the for-profit sector, we still know little about the impact of communication types on innovation in the public and nonprofit sectors. To examine this question, we leverage and construct a longitudinal dataset using 5 years of the Korean Workplace Panel Survey (KWPS) from 2005 to 2013. Employing media richness theory, this study finds that internal communication positively influences innovation in the for-profit sector, which is a finding consistent with prior studies. Similarly, in the nonprofit sector, we find that meeting with the executive director and the number of communication channels utilized in an organization has a positive impact on innovation. However, we do not find that these communications have any impact in the public sector.
Theory and Experiment of Three-Port Polarization-Diversity Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna

The three-port polarization-diversity cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented for the first time. The design makes use of the TM01δ and HEM12δ+1 modes of the cylindrical DRA. Using the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy, engineering formulas are obtained to determine the dimensions of the polarization-diversity cylindrical DRA for a given operating frequency and dielectric constant. To demonstrate the usefulness of the formulas, a three-port polarization-diversity cylindrical DRA was designed at 2.4 GHz for WLAN applications. The TM01δ mode of the cylindrical DRA is excited with a coaxial probe and an omnidirectional radiation pattern is obtained. Two slot pairs are used to excite the broadside HEM12δ+1x and HEM12δ+1y modes of the cylindrical DRA. The reflection coefficient, port isolation, radiation pattern, and antenna gain of the antenna were simulated using ANSYS HFSS, while the envelope correlation was calculated from the S-parameters. Measurements were carried out to verify the simulations, and reasonable agreement between them is observed. Measured results show that the isolation between any two ports of the diversity DRA is over 24 dB across the 10-dB impedance bandwidth. A parameter study was carried out to characterize the proposed DRA.
Rating of perceived exertion during high-intensity treadmill running.

PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was 1) to evaluate the time course of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE; 6-20 Borg scale) during short-term, high-intensity, constant-load running (ST); and 2) to determine the reproducibility of RPE during ST. METHODS Fifteen well-trained males (VO2max = 58.0 +/- 4.6 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), mean +/- SD) performed treadmill running (i.e., between 3 and 4 m.s-1 at 10.5% incline) to volitional exhaustion (Tlim) at an exercise intensity equivalent to 125% VO2max. A total of four RPE measurements were taken during each test, one every 30 s during the first 120 s of the exercise. The tests were repeated at the same time of day on three occasions within a 3-wk period. RESULTS Tlim for the three tests was 197.6 +/- 34.8 s. RPE was linearly related with exercise time (mean +/- SD for the three tests: RPE at 30 s = 10.8 +/- 2.2; RPE at 60 s = 12.6 +/- 1.8; RPE at 90 s = 14.5 +/- 1.7; RPE at 120 s = 16.0 +/- 1.9; RPE = 9.06 + (0.06 x time (s)); r = 0.71, SEE = 2.0, P < 0.01). Repeated ANOVA revealed no systematic bias between the three tests for RPE, and other measures of reliability were also favorable. These included intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.78 to 0.87 and sample coefficients of variation of between 4.4% and 6.0%. The 95% limits of agreement ranged between 0.0 +/- 2.3 and 0.0 +/- 2.5. CONCLUSION ST RPE displays a positive linear response during the first 2 min. The measurement of ST RPE appears to be reliable and could thus add a new dimension to ST investigations.
Factors limiting force during slow, shortening actions of the quadriceps femoris muscle group in vivo.

Speed-torque relations of the quadriceps femors muscle group were determined using eight healthy subjects. Isometric or isovelocity, shortening muscle actions were performed at 15 speeds (0-6.28 rad s-1) and torque was measured 0.78 and 0.52 rad below horizontal. Unilateral actions were evoked by surface electrical stimulation or by maximal voluntary effort. Stimulation current evoked a torque equal to approx. 70% of maximal voluntary isometric and was held constant across speeds. For the voluntary or stimulation tests, torque decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing speed. This response in relative terms was greater (P < 0.05) for the stimulation than for the voluntary tests. The difference in the decline in relative torque for the simulation vs. voluntary tests was not influenced by the angle at which torque was measured, and thereby muscle length. Speed-torque data for the two stimulation tests fit a linearized plot of a hyperbolic relation for the higher tests speeds. When torque was measured at the greater joint angle (0.78 rad), and thereby longer muscle length, the equation was Po-P/V = Po 0.724-1.078 (P < 0.05, r2 = 0.95) for speeds greater than 0.70 rad s-1. For the shorter muscle length, the equation for data collected at speeds greater than 1.13 rad s-1 was Po-P/V = Po 0.467 + 4.61 (P < 0.05, r2 = 0.91). Inclusion of data for the next slower speed markedly compromised the 'fit' for either linear relation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

Abstract Seafood intake in pregnancy has been positively associated with childhood cognitive outcomes which could potentially relate to the high vitamin D content of oily fish. However, whether higher maternal vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) in pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of offspring suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcomes is unclear. A total of 7065 mother–child pairs were studied from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort who had data for both serum total 25(OH)D concentration in pregnancy and at least one measure of offspring neurodevelopment (pre-school development at 6–42 months; ‘Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire’ scores at 7 years; intelligence quotient (IQ) at 8 years; reading ability at 9 years). After adjustment for confounders, children of vitamin D-deficient mothers (<50·0 nmol/l) were more likely to have scores in the lowest quartile for gross-motor development at 30 months (OR 1·20; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·40), fine-motor development at 30 months (OR 1·23; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·44) and social development at 42 months (OR 1·20; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·41) than vitamin D-sufficient mothers (≥50·0 nmol/l). No associations were found with neurodevelopmental outcomes, including IQ, measured at older ages. However, our results suggest that deficient maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy may have adverse effects on some measures of motor and social development in children under 4 years. Prevention of vitamin D deficiency may be important for preventing suboptimal development in the first 4 years of life.
Analyzing Vocational Outcomes of Individuals With Psychiatric Disabilities Who Received State Vocational Rehabilitation Services: a Data Mining Approach

This study examines factors affecting vocational outcomes in the vocational rehabilitation process for individuals experiencing psychiatric disabilities who had received state vocational rehabilitation (VR) services. A data mining approach was used to analyze the Rehabilitation Services Administration FY 2001 Case Service Report (RSA-911). Receiving job placement services was found to be the most important variable differentiating individuals who were working from those who were not working. Results regarding vocational outcomes suggest a positive effect for persons receiving job placement services.
Sulphur‐Containing Amino Acids Modulate Noradrenaline Release from Hippocampal Slices

Abstract: The l‐ and d‐enantiomers of the sulphur‐containing amino acids (SAAs)—homocysteate, homocysteine sulphinate, cysteate, cysteine sulphinate, and S‐sulphocysteine—stimulated [3H]noradrenaline release from rat hippocampal slices in a concentration‐dependent manner. The relative potencies of the l‐isomers (EC50 values of 1.05–1.96 mM) were of similar order to that of glutamate (1.56 mM), which was 10‐fold lower than that of NMDA (0.15 mM), whereas the d‐isomers exhibited a wider range of potencies (0.75 to >5 mM). All stimulatory effects of the SAAs were significantly inhibited by the voltage‐sensitive Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (55–71%) and completely blocked by addition of Mg2+ or Co2+ to the incubation medium. All SAA‐evoked responses were concentration‐dependently antagonized by the selective NMDA receptor antagonist d‐(−)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (IC50 values of 3.2–49.5 µM). 6‐Cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX), a non‐NMDA receptor antagonist, at 100 µM inhibited the [3H]noradrenaline release induced by glutamate and NMDA (65 and 76%, respectively) and by all SAAs studied (65–85%), whereas 10 µM CNQX only inhibited the effects of S‐sulpho‐l‐cysteine and l‐ and d‐homocysteate (33, 32, and 44%, respectively). However, the more selective AMPA/kainic acid receptor antagonist 6‐nitro‐7‐sulphamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (100 µM), which did not antagonize the [3H]noradrenaline release induced by glutamate and NMDA, reduced only the S‐sulpho‐l‐cysteine‐evoked response (25%). Thus, the stimulation of Ca2+‐dependent[3H]noradrenaline release from hippocampal slices elicited by the majority of the SAAs appears to be mediated by the NMDA receptor.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN FINANCE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR THE NIGERIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH

This study examined the nexus between finance and entrepreneurship for the Nigerian economic growth, using endogenous growth framework. Multivariate time series was employed to analyze the secondary data. Tests such as the unit root, co-integration and the vector error correction model were carried out for the empirical analysis. The normalised long-run co-integrating equation supported by the short-run dynamics showed that finance, entrepreneurship, interest rate, and industrial productivity are significant to economic growth in Nigeria. The paper concluded that the government should formulate effective macroeconomic policy targeted to entrepreneurship financing and growth. The paper further called for the overhauling of agencies and institutions set up for entrepreneurship to maximize the impact of entrepreneurial finance on the Nigerian economic growth.
Single channel recordings of calcium currents in chick cochlear hair cells.

Single Ca2+ channel currents were recorded from chick cochlear hair cells by using cell-attached patches. The elementary current was about -2 pA at 70 mV positive to the resting potential (R.P.+ 70 mV); the slope conductance over a 40 mV voltage range was 24 pS. The open time histogram was reasonably well expressed by a single exponential function, while the closed time histogram was expressed by a sum of two exponential functions. The Ca2+ channel was activated around R.P.+ 60 mV and the average ensemble current did not decay during 130 ms depolarization, suggesting that the Ca2+ channel in chick cochlear hair cells is the L-type. The Ca2+ channel has three modes of gating behaviour, expressed as current records with brief openings (mode I), no openings (mode 0), or long-lasting openings and very brief closings (mode 2).
The Phenomenology of Emotion Experience in First-Episode Psychosis

Background: Although it has been suggested that disturbances in emotion experience and regulation play a central role in the aetiology and psychopathology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the phenomenology of emotion experience in schizophrenia remains under-researched. Sampling and Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted twice with each of the 20 participants (firstly at admission and secondly 6 months later). Data collection and analysis were guided by the principles of phenomenological study of lived experience. Results: The emotion experiences described by our participants vary greatly in both quality and intensity, but appear to have a common phenomenology. Anxiety is reported as the basic emotion which buffers, transforms and sometimes supplants all others. Emotions in general are experienced as foreign, unstable and perturbing, thereby contributing greatly to feelings of ambivalence, perplexity and an unstable sense of self in general. Conclusions: The findings of this study have important therapeutic and theoretical implications because they suggest that emotion experiences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders may underlie a wide range of psychopathological phenomena in both the cognitive and social functioning domains. Due to the relatively small sample size and its selection from psychotherapeutic units, the results may not be generalizable to all schizophrenia patients.
Political Participation of Registered Nurses

Level of political participation and factors contributing to participation were measured among Midwest RNs (n = 468) via an online survey (Cronbach’s α = .95). Respondents reported engaging in primarily “low cost” activities (e.g., voting, discussing politics, and contacting elected officials), with fewer reporting speaking at public gatherings, participating in demonstrations, and membership in nursing organizations. Psychological engagement was most predictive (p < .001) of political participation with the dimensions of political interest, political efficacy, and political information/knowledge highly significant (p < .001). Resources (time/money/civic skills) significantly contributed to political participation (p < .001). Less than half (40%) felt they could impact local decisions, and fewer (32%) felt they could impact state or national government decisions. Most respondents (80%) indicated their nursing courses lacked political content and did not prepare them for political participation. Findings showed that nurse educators and leaders of professional nursing organizations need to model and cultivate greater psychological engagement among students and nurses.
Using an Exploratory Approach to Describe Issues that Affect African American males in the Field of Social Work

This banded dissertation examined some of the issues of black men in the field of social work. Some of the issues to explored included social acceptance, oppression, and emotional and moral support, to name a few. The researcher goal was to gain more insight into the African American male social work experiences. The researcher used Afrocentric theory in this banded dissertation. Afrocentric theory considers the worldviews of African Americans with the understanding that historically African Americans are an oppressed population. The first product of this banded dissertation is a conceptual paper that focuses on whether social work implicit curricular support African American men in addressing diversity. The researcher reviewed the current body of knowledge on social work implicit curriculum and how they fit with Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) educational policy and accreditation standards (EPAS) 2015. The researcher used Afrocentric theory as the conceptual framework. The second product for this banded dissertation is a qualitative study. The study examined the factors that may hinder African American males in the field of graduate social work. Using a snowball sampling method, the researcher identified the study participants, hoping to capture the experiences as African American male social workers. The participants were interviewed by the researcher. The researcher interviewed 15 African American professional social workers in the state of North Carolina. The researcher collected the data, transcribed the notes, coded the text, determined categories, developed themes, and then wrote the findings. The method of analysis was framed by grounded theory. The third product provides an overview of the presentations entitled “Use of the Afrocentric Theory in Exploring Social Work Curriculum, Racism, and Sense of Isolation from THE AFROCENTRIC THEORY iii an African-American Perspective” and “Factors that Hinder African-American Males from Completing Their Graduate Social Work (MSW) Degree. ” Both presentations were presented at the North Carolina School Social Workers Association 2017 Fall conference “The Power of School Social Worker” October 18-20, 2017 at the Embassy Suites by Hilton in Greensboro, North Carolina.
General Characteristics of Child Sexual Offenders in Hatay, Turkey.

OBJECTIVE Child sexual offenders are a poorly studied and relatively neglected population in our country. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between criminal behavior and socio-demographic characteristics of a series of child sexual offenders. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of social worker interviews with 48 child sexual offenders between 2009 and 2013 were used. The reports issued by social workers regarding child sexual offenders were retrospectively examined, since these reports were relatively the most thorough documents including offenders' personal and familial characteristics, and criminal event information. Cases were investigated in terms of socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics. RESULTS There were 48 children interviewed based on an alleged sexual crime, during four-year of study period. All of the cases were male and their ages ranged between 12 and 17 years. Of these, 50% were students at any grade of school. Five cases were living in social service facilities. Only two cases involved incest. Of all, three offenders were accused of repeated sexual crimes. Type of sexual assault was anal penetration in 20 (41.7%) cases. Of all cases, 19 were cigarette smoker, while 4 were drug abusers. The families of 12 (25%) cases suffered from low socio-economic status, while 23 (47.9%) offenders were members of broken families. According to social worker reports, 47 cases had criminal responsibility based on their psychosocial development. Out of all cases, 7 children were suspected of suffering from impulse control disorder and one was suspected to be mentally retarded. Twelve cases were reported to need consulting and social protective services. CONCLUSION The rate of offenders with interrupted education was considerably high. Interestingly the number of male victims and the frequency of cases involving anal penetration were high. Obtained results suggest that male children of broken and scattered families, and particularly those lacking father's supervision were more likely to commit a sexual crime.
Reduction in Radiation Dose to Lung and Other Normal Tissues Using Helical Tomotherapy to Treat Lung Cancer, in Comparison to Conventional Field Arrangements

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of tomotherapy in the treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the potential to reduce radiation dose to normal tissues, in particular, the lungs, esophagus, and spinal cord, as compared with standard radiotherapy. Five patients with anatomically or physiologically inoperable stage III NSCLC were studied, representing a variety of tumor sizes and locations. For each patient, two treatment plans were generated. One was developed using conventional field arrangements (CFA), and the other for tomotherapy. Using dose–volume histogram reduction techniques, including mean normalized dose (NTDmean), V20, and effective uniform dose (EUD), the normal tissue doses for CFA and tomotherapy plans for a given fixed tumor dose were compared. In addition, the maximum tumor doses possible for a given level of mean normalized lung dose were computed and compared for the CFA and tomotherapy plans. The gross tumor volumes in the five patients studied ranged from 13.5 to 87.1 cm3. The tumor dose distributions, determined by EUD and minimum dose, were similar for both CFA and tomotherapy plans, as intended. In all cases, the NTDmean of both lungs was significantly reduced using tomotherapy planning (range: 10–53% reduction, mean: 31%). The volume of lung receiving more than 20 Gy was also reduced in all cases using tomotherapy (range: 17–37% reduction, mean: 22%). For a constant lung NTDmean, it is shown that it should be possible to increase tumor dose to up to 160 Gy in certain patients with tomotherapy. The dose to the spinal cord and esophagus was also reduced in all cases with tomotherapy planning, compared with plans generated using conventional field arrangements. Both tomotherapy, and to a lesser extent conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, have the potential to significantly decrease radiation dose to lung and other normal structures in the treatment of NSCLC. This has important implications for dose escalation strategies in the future.
Ovarian follicular populations and in vitro steroidogenesis on three different days of the bovine estrous cycle.

This study was undertaken to determine changes in follicular populations on ovaries of dairy cows during three stages of the estrous cycle and their steroidogenic capacity in vitro. Numbers of small (2.0 to 5.0 mm), intermediate (5.1 to 10 mm) and large (greater than 10 mm) antral follicles on ovaries of multiparous cows and heifers (n = 31) in the early luteal (d 4), mid-luteal (d 12) and follicular phase (d 19) of the estrous cycle were determined (d 0 = estrus), and steroidogenic capacity of intermediate and large follicles was measured in vitro. Total number of follicles and number of small follicles were greatest (P less than .05) on d 19 compared with d 12, with numbers on d 4 not different from either d 12 or 19. Intermediate follicles were fewer (P less than .05) on d 19 compared with d 4 or 12. Numbers of large follicles did not change. The proportion of estrogen active (EA) follicles was greater (P less than .05) on d 19 compared with d 4 or 12. Accumulation of estradiol-17 beta (E) into culture medium by intermediate follicles decreased (P less than .05) with increasing days of the estrous cycle, while accumulation of progesterone (P) was greater on d 19. In large follicles, accumulation of E into culture medium was greatest (P less than .05) on d 19 and the lowest on d 12 (P less than .05). In summary, the proportion of EA follicles increases during the preovulatory period, and E production increases in large EA follicles. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)