Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Phytase on Growth Performance , Diet Utilization Efficiency and Nutrient Digestibility in Fingerlings of Chanos chanos ( Forsskal 1775 )

This study evaluated the effect of phytase enzyme in supplemented diet on growth performance, diet utilization efficiency, and nutrient digestibility in Chanos chanos fingerlings. Fingerlings of C. chanos with an average body weight 3.55±0.08 g with the density one fingerling per liter were fed with four different diets supplemented with phytase enzyme: A (0 FTU kgdiet), B (500 FTU kgdiet), C (1000 FTU/kg-diet), and D (1500 FTU kgdiet). The relative growth rate (RGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), apparent digestibility coefficient protein (ADCP), apparent digestibility coefficient phosphor (ADCF), survival rate (SR), and water quality parameters were determined. The results obtained after feeding trials significantly (P<0.01) affected on RGR, FCR, ADCP and ADCF, on the other hand insignificantly (P>0.05) affected on SR of milkfish (C. chanos) fingerlings. Based on the results, it is concluded that optimum doses of phytase enzyme diet in terms of RGR, PER, and nutrient digestibility of milkfish (Chanos chanos) fingerlings ranges 983 – 1010 FTU kgdiet, respectively.
Timescales of self-healing in human bone tissue and polymeric ionic liquids

Strain (stress-free) relaxation in mechanically prestrained bone has a time constant of 75 s. It occurs by a reorganization of the proteoglycan-glycoprotein matrix between collagen fibers, which requires ionic interactions. Dissolving and relinking the ionic bonds is thus an important tool of nature to enable plastic deformation and to develop self-healing tissues. A way to transfer this approach to technical materials is the attachment of ionic end groups to polymeric chains. In these classes of materials, the so-called polymeric ionic liquids, structural recovery of thermally disorganized material is observed. A time constant between minutes and a week could be achieved, also by ionic rearrangement. The same mechanism, rearrangement of ionic bonds, can lead to vastly different relaxation times when the ionic interaction is varied by exchange of the cationic end groups or the anions.
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Arbutin from Pyrus Communis L. leaves by Response Surface Methodology

Arbutin doğal olarak oluşan bir hidrokinon türevidir. Ballıbabagiller, fundagiller, taşkırangiller, gülgiller gibi farklı familyalara ait farklı bitki türlerinde bulunur. Arbutin tirozinazı engeller ve cilt beyazlatma ajanı olarak kullanılır. Bu çalışmada Yüzey Yanıt Metodolojisi kullanılarak armut yapraklarından arbutinin ultrasonik destekli özütlemesi modellenmiştir. Arbutinin yüksek özütleme veriminin elde edilmesi için özütleme sıcaklığı (X1), özütleme zamanı (X2) ve metanol derişimi (X3) gibi üç özütleme değişkenini optimize etmek için üç-düzeyli üç-faktörlü Box-Behnken tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Optimize koşullar; 43.37C özütleme sıcaklığı , %56.81 metanol derişimi ve 29.66 dakika özütleme zamanıdır. Bu optimize koşullar atında arbutinin deneysel verimi %3.10’dur. Bu değer tahmin edilen %3.12 değeri ile uyumludur.
From radio to TeV: the surprising spectral energy distribution of AP Librae

Following the discovery of high-energy (HE; $E>10\,{\rm MeV}$) and very-high-energy (VHE; $E>100\,{\rm GeV}$) $\gamma$-ray emission from the low-frequency-peaked BL~Lac (LBL) object AP Librae, its electromagnetic spectrum is studied over 60 octaves in energy. Contemporaneous data in radio, optical and UV together with the $\gamma$-ray data are used to construct the most precise spectral energy distribution of this source. The data have been found to be modeled with difficulties with single zone homogeneous leptonic synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) radiative scenarios due to the unprecedented width of the high-energy component when compared to the lower-energy component. The two other LBL objects also detected at VHE appear to have similar modeling difficulties. Nevertheless, VHE $\gamma$ rays produced in the extended jet could account for the VHE flux observed by H.E. S.S.
Between Food and Flesh: How Animals are Made to Matter (and Not Matter) within Food Consumption Practices

Contemporary European consumers find themselves at an interesting point in history with regards to their relationships with animals. On the one hand there has been a growth in the acknowledgement of animal sentience, yet on the other hand, largely unabated, we continue to farm, kill, and eat animals for food. In this paper we contend that these ambiguities are played out within everyday embodied practices of preparing, eating, and shopping for food. We begin our account by outlining a novel performative approach to food consumption practices, which we have termed ‘foodsensing’, and we contend that every act of sensing food is always already an act of making sense of food. This approach allows us to examine the complex interplay between material and symbolic dimensions of food consumption practices. Throughout the paper we draw on this notion of foodsensing, in conjunction with empirical material taken from forty-eight focus group discussions conducted across seven European countries, to shed new light on the ways in which farm animals are made to matter (and not matter) within food consumption practices.
Evaluation of the protective efficacy of immunoglobulin Y (IgY- antibodies) prepared against Walterinnesia aegyptia snake venom in Saudi Arabia

Four groups of eight chickens were immunized intramuscularly with Walterinnesia aegyptia snake venoms mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant during the period from 1st October 2009 to 1st October 2011 at the Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Three weeks later, the injections were repeated with the venoms in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Three boosters were given with the venoms at three weeks intervals. The immunoglobulin Y (IgY)-antibodies was extracted by ammonium sulphate-caprylic acid method, the antibody titer were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay and the protective efficacies of the extracted immunoglobulins were performed. IgY-preparation extracted by ammonium sulphate-caprylic acid method showed lack of low molecular weight bands (non-immunoglobulin proteins) and the bands representing IgY-antibodies, which have molecular weights ranging from 180 to 200 kDa, appeared sharp and clear. Moreover, evaluation of the protective value of the IgY - antibodies prepared revealed that, one milliliter of extracted IgY-antibodies containing 15 mg/ml anti- W. aegyptia venom specific IgY could produce 100% protection against 50 LD 50 and 75% protection against 60 LD 50 . Laying hens could be used as an alternative source of polyclonal antibodies against W. aegyptia snake venoms due to several advantages as compared with mammals traditionally used for such purpose. Keywords: Snake venom, Walterinnesia aegyptia , immunoglobulins Y, protective efficacy, caprylic acid
THE ROLE OF THERMOHALINE MIXING IN INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-METALLICITY GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

It is now widely accepted that globular cluster red giant branch (RGB) stars owe their strange abundance patterns to a combination of pollution from progenitor stars and in situ extra mixing. In this hybrid theory a first generation of stars imprints abundance patterns into the gas from which a second generation forms. The hybrid theory suggests that extra mixing is operating in both populations and we use the variation of [C/Fe] with luminosity to examine how efficient this mixing is. We investigate the observed RGBs of M3, M13, M92, M15, and NGC 5466 as a means to test a theory of thermohaline mixing. The second parameter pair M3 and M13 are of intermediate metallicity and our models are able to account for the evolution of carbon along the RGB in both clusters, although in order to fit the most carbon-depleted main-sequence stars in M13 we require a model whose initial [C/Fe] abundance leads to a carbon abundance lower than is observed. Furthermore, our results suggest that stars in M13 formed with some primary nitrogen (higher C+N+O than stars in M3). In the metal-poor regime only NGC 5466 can be tentatively explained by thermohaline mixing operating in multiple populations. We find thermohaline mixing unable to model the depletion of [C/Fe] with magnitude in M92 and M15. It appears as if extra mixing is occurring before the luminosity function bump in these clusters. To reconcile the data with the models would require first dredge-up to be deeper than found in extant models.
A NEW METHOD TO CALCULATE ALLOMETRIC LENGTH-MASS RELATIONSHIPS OF DINOSAURS

Abstract Body mass is an important determinant of most biological functions, and knowing the mass of extinct animals is essential in order to learn about their biology. It was the aim of this paper to develop a method of mass estimation which would make it possible to determine allometric length-mass relationships for the different groups of dinosaurs. Mass is calculated from graphical reconstructions of fossils, or from photos of skeletal mounts or live animals. Body shape of animals is described by high order polynomial equations. Integration of the polynomial gives body mass of a ‘round’ animal, which is then corrected for animal width by intersection with a second equation (Y = 1 − ax2). The method was validated by predicting body mass of extant animals of known mass and with complex body shapes (kangaroos, emu, elephant, giraffe, rhinoceros). Body mass increased allometrically with total length in all groups of dinosaurs (Ankylosauria, Ceratopsia, Ornithopoda, Prosauropoda, Sauropoda, Stegosauria and Theropoda), but 95% confidence intervals were very large for Ankylosauria and Stegosauria so that, for those groups, the resulting regression equations have little predicting power. Scaling exponents were least for the Sauropoda which may have grown less massive to function at their great body size. Scaling exponents were greatest for the Theropoda, but it was speculated that small coelurosaurs, as the precursors of birds, may have grown less massive compared to other theropods. Mass estimated by the ‘polynomial’ method presented here did not differ significantly from mass estimates in the literature where these were available.
The ‘modern’ view of macroeconomics: some critical reflections

David Romer has proposed a new basic macroeconomic framework: the IS--MP--IA model. Its proponents claim that it represents the 'modern' view of macroeconomics. We show that the new framework remains closely attached to the neoclassical synthesis and, in addition, does not take account of: (i) the empirical evidence on the output--inflation trade-off; (ii) the evidence on the interdependence of aggregate demand and supply; (iii) the institutional limits of monetary policy; and (iv) the implications for macroeconomic policy of (i), (ii) and (iii). Once these aspects have been incorporated, short-run stabilisation policy is not neutral in the long run, the notion of a 'natural' rate of interest becomes untenable and aggregate demand turns into the crucial exogenous variable. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
The bearing capacity of footings on granular soils. II: Experimental evidence

Scale effects, especially stress-level effects, cause considerable confusion in the calculation of bearing capacity on granular soils. A companion paper describes a new method of calculation that explicitly allows for the variation of sec φ with mean effective stress p. This approach is validated here for the case of model circular footings on dense beds of silica sand and silica silt. The models were tested at 1g with surcharge to explore the Nq behaviour, and in a centrifuge to determine self-weight effects for Nγ. It is shown that triaxial φ values expressed as a function of the logarithm of p can be used to predict model bearing capacities within a deviation in φ of 2°.
Access to Technology and the Transfer Function of Community Colleges: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Access to information may represent an important barrier to learning about and ultimately transferring to 4-year colleges for low-income community college students. This paper explores the role that access to information technology, in particular, plays in enhancing, or possibly detracting from, the transfer function of the community college. Using data from the first-ever field experiment randomly providing free computers to students, we examine the relationships between access to home computers and enrollment in transferable courses and actual transfers to 4-year colleges. The results from the field experiment indicate that the treatment group of students receiving free computers has a 4.5 percentage point higher probability of taking transferable courses than the control group of students not receiving free computers. The evidence is less clear for the effects on actual transfers to 4-year colleges and the probability of using a computer to search for college information (which possibly represents one of the mechanisms for positive effects). In both cases, point estimates are positive, but the confidence intervals are wide. Finally, power calculations indicate that sample sizes would have to be considerably larger to find statistically significant treatment effects and reasonably precise confidence intervals given the actual transfer rate point estimates.
Minskys nancial instability hypothesis

My talk at the Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, 9 April 2010, will be based on my own work mainly from the 1990s and that of a former student, Soon Ryoo. This handout contains a short paper on "The Financial Instability Hypothesis" by Hyman Minsky for the Handbook of Radical Political Economy  my own paper entitled "On the modelling of systemic nancial fragility" Soon Ryoos article on "Long waves and short cycles in a model of endogenous nancial fragility" which has been accepted for publication in JEBO.
On the transport of heavy particles through a downward displacement-ventilated space

We investigate the transport of relatively heavy, small particles through a downward displacement-ventilated space. A flux of particles is supplied to the space from a localised source at a high level and forms a turbulent particle-laden plume which descends through the space. A constant flow of ambient fluid which does not contain particles is supplied to the space at a high level, while an equal amount of fluid is vented from the space at a low level. As a result of the entrainment of ambient fluid into the particle plume, a return flow is produced in the ambient fluid surrounding the plume in the lower part of the space. At steady state, particles are suspended by this return flow. An interface is formed which separates the ambient fluid in the lower part of the space, which contains particles, from the particle-free ambient fluid in the upper part of the space. New laboratory experiments show that the concentration of particles in the ambient fluid below the interface is larger than the average concentration of particles in the plume fluid at the level of the interface. Hence, as the plume fluid crosses the interface and descends through the particle-laden fluid underneath, it becomes relatively buoyant and forms a momentum-driven fountain. If the fountain fluid impinges on the floor, it then spreads radially over the surface until lifting off. We develop a quantitative model which can predict the height of the interface, the concentration of particles in the lower layer, and the partitioning of the particle flux between the fraction which sediments over the floor and that which is ventilated out of the space. We generalise the model to show that when particles and negatively buoyant fluid are supplied at the top of the space, a three-layer stratification develops in the space at steady state: the upper layer contains relatively low-density ambient fluid in which no particles are suspended; the central layer contains a mixture of ambient and plume fluid in which no particles are suspended; and the lower layer contains a suspension of particles in the same mixture of ambient and plume fluid. We quantify the heights of the two interfaces which separate the three layers in the space and the concentration of particles in suspension in the ambient fluid in the lower layer. We then discuss the relevance of the results for the control of airborne infections in buildings. Our experiments show that the three-layer stratification is subject to intermittent large-scale instabilities when the concentration of particles in the plume at the source is sufficiently small, or the rate of ventilation of the space is sufficiently large: we describe the transient concentration of particles in the space during one of these instabilities.
Comparison of pavement surface texture determination by sand patch test and 3D laser scanning

A modern highway must be capable of proving traffic safety, comfort to passengers as well as efficient and economical transportation. In view of the increase in the number of traffic accidents due to the developments in automotive industry, the traffic safety has gathered too much consideration in recent years. Skid resistance, on which road safety depends, is closely related to the pavement surface texture. The deterioration due to the traffic loads, especially polishing effect, involves a change in surface texture. In recent years, efforts are needed to develop more advanced technologies for evaluating pavement surface texture. In this study, the 3D laser scanner was utilized to quantify the mean profile depth (MPD) of a pavement at a static location. The surface texture of asphalt concrete pavements was scanned at 31 different locations and the results have been compared with the results of sand patch test. It was found that there is a good correlation between MPD as measured by 3D laser scanning and the m ean texture depth (MTD) as measured by volumetric method (sand patch test).
When a Picture Isn't Worth 1000 Words: Learners Struggle to Find Meaning in Data Visualizations

ABSTRACT The oft-repeated phrase “a picture is worth a thousand words” supposes that an image can replace a profusion of words to more easily express complex ideas. For scientific visualizations that represent profusions of numerical data, however, an untranslated academic visualization suffers the same pitfalls untranslated jargon does. Previous research and commentary suggests scaffolding from cognitive, constructivist, and sociocultural traditions to promote meaning-making by broad audiences, but limited empirical research examines the effectiveness of these scaffolds for adult learners viewing global ocean data. Five versions of visualizations including translating titles and measurement units, altering color schemes, and geographic labels were presented on three topics to expert oceanographers and novice nonscientists. Qualitative analysis of semistructured clinical interviews suggest that these scaffolds assist these audiences but are not sufficient for novices to make meaning similar to experts without further instruction or assistance in interpreting and judging patterns of data in visualizations.
Experiences of health and care when growing old in Norway - From the perspective of elderly immigrants with minority ethnic backgrounds

Background : Along with the growing population in Norway of older people with immigrant backgrounds from countries in Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe there is a need for a better understanding of trans-cultural aging, illness experiences and care preferences among minorities and their families. Aim : This study explored older ethnic minority immigrants’ experiences of growing old in Norway with a focus on health and care. Design : An explorative, descriptive design with a grounded theory approach was used. Method : The data was collected in Norway by means of open-ended interviews with nine ethnic minority immigrants representing an age span from 63 to 85 years. In total 15 interviews were conducted, with the sampling, data collection and analysis carried out simultaneously and guided by the constant comparative method. Results : This study showed that the most important issue when growing old in a new homeland as an ethnic minority immigrant was to be surrounded by one’s family. When the needs for care increased due to changes in age and health, the family was seen as the only possible solution. Feelings of fear and distrust, language barriers, and preferences for the familiar care were reasons for this. Due to cultural rules it was taken for granted that the younger generation took on responsibility for their older parents/relatives in need of care, which led to feelings of dependency and being a burden. A high price had been paid for finding a new homeland. Conclusions and Implications for Practice : The elderly immigrants’ expectations of care was found to be strongly connected with traditions from their native country, where it was taken for granted that the younger generation took the responsibility for their older parents/relatives in need of care. Our findings highlighted the dilemma of culturally determined controversies, as elderly immigrants’ beliefs and values about care within the family may be rather difficult to unite with a life in a new Western society. Nursing practice needs to implement a more family-oriented care perspective in order to meet the needs of elderly people with ethnic minority and immigrant backgrounds. Further it is important to increase elderly immigrants’ feelings of trust and cultural safety towards health-care services.
Evidence for terror management theory II: The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview.

Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis, derived from terror management theory, that reminding people of their mortality increases attraction to those who consensually validate their beliefs and decreases attraction to those who threaten their beliefs. In Study 1, subjects with a Christian religious background were asked to form impressions of Christian and Jewish target persons. Before doing so, mortality was made salient to half of the subjects. In support of predictions, mortality salience led to more positive evaluations of the in-group member (the Christian) and more negative evaluations of the out-group member (the Jew). In Study 2, mortality salience led to especially negative evaluations of an attitudinally dissimilar other, but only among subjects high in authoritarianism. In Study 3, mortality salience led to especially positive reactions to someone who directly praised subjects' cultural worldviews and especially negative reactions to someone who criticized them. The implications of these findings for understanding in-group favoritism, prejudice, and intolerance of deviance are discussed.
Laboratory Investigation of the Active Nitridation of Graphite by Atomic Nitrogen

reactive-flow model. The reaction efficiency for graphite nitridation was derived from the interpolated N-atom concentration and the measured graphite mass loss for a given test time. The reaction efficiency, defined as the fractionof N-atom collisions with the surfacethatresult in the title reaction, wasfoundto increase from � 0:2 � 10 � 3