Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid increase of glial glutamate uptake via blockade of the protein kinase A pathway

Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. Removal of this transmitter from the synaptic cleft by glial and neuronal transporter systems plays an important role in terminating glutamatergicneurotransmission. The effects of different activators and blockers of PKA and PKC on glutamate uptake were studied in primary glial cells cultivated from the rat cortex using the patch‐clamp recording technique and immunocytochemical methods. GF 109203X enhances glutamate‐induced membrane currents in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. After pre‐application for 40 s the maximal transport capacity was increased by 30–80%. The estimated Km‐value of the transport system did not change after drug application and the enhanced glutamate uptake was reversible within a few minutes upon washout. Activators and blockers of the PKC pathway did not affect glutamate uptake, whereas H89, a selective blocker of PKA, mimicked the effects of GF 109203X, indicating involvement of the protein kinase A pathway. The GF 109203X‐induced increase in transport capacity is likely to be mediated by GLAST since the GLT‐1 selective blocker dihydrokainate was unable to block basal or stimulated glutamate uptake. Furthermore, the increase in transport activity may well be based on an increase in cell surface expression of the transporter protein since preincubation with cytochalasin‐B, a protein that blocks actin polymerization, almost completely abolished the effect of GF 109203X and H89. These results indicate that GF 109203X and H89 enhance glial glutamate uptake via blockade of the PKA. The described effect may affect glutamatergic neurotransmission by reducing the glutamate concentration in the synaptic cleft. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender differences in clinical progression of HIV-1-infected individuals during long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy

Objective: To assess gender differences in the long-term clinical, virological and immunological outcomes during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: This longitudinal observational multicentre study followed 2460 HIV-infected patients who had begun a protease inhibitor-based regimen for a median period of 43 months. Outcome measures were virological suppression (< 500 copies/ml), confirmed virological rebound after suppression, and death or new AIDS-defining illness (ADI). Results: At baseline, 690 female patients (28.0%) had significantly lower age, higher prevalence of heterosexual contact and lower prevalence of intravenous drug use as risk factors for HIV infection compared with males. Furthermore, females had a lower number of AIDS-defining illnesses, higher CD4 cell counts and lower viral loads. No gender differences were reported in terms of proportion of patients achieving viral suppression or exhibiting rebound after achieving viral suppression. Female patients experienced reduced clinical progression during follow-up compared with males (P = 0.008) by Kaplan–Meier analysis; however this difference was not significant in an adjusted analysis. In a multivariate model, the interaction between gender and risk factor for HIV or viral load showed that female drug users and female patients with a baseline HIV RNA viral load of 104–105 copies/ml had a favourable clinical outcome compared with males (P = 0.035 and P = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: No differences were found between genders in terms of virological and immunological outcomes during long-term HAART. Nevertheless, a lower risk of clinical progression was reported among female patients with intermediate baseline viral load than in males.
Incompressible SPH using the Divergence‐Free Condition

In this paper, we present a novel SPH framework to simulate incompressible fluid that satisfies both the divergence‐ free condition and the density‐invariant condition. In our framework, the two conditions are applied separately. First, the divergence‐free condition is enforced when solving the momentum equation. Later, the density‐invariant condition is applied after the time integration of the particle positions. Our framework is a purely Lagrangian approach so that no auxiliary grid is required. Compared to the previous density‐invariant based SPH methods, the proposed method is more accurate due to the explicit satisfaction of the divergence‐free condition. We also propose a modified boundary particle method for handling the free‐slip condition. In addition, two simple but effective methods are proposed to reduce the particle clumping artifact induced by the density‐invariant condition.
Functional Connectivity MR Imaging Reveals Cortical Functional Connectivity in the Developing Brain

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Unlike conventional functional MR imaging where external sensory/cognitive paradigms are needed to specifically activate different regions of the brain, resting functional connectivity MR imaging acquires images in the absence of cognitive demands (a resting condition) and detects brain regions, which are highly temporally correlated. Therefore, resting functional MR imaging is highly suited for the study of brain functional development in pediatric subjects. This study aimed to determine the temporal and spatial patterns of rfc in healthy pediatric subjects between 2 weeks and 2 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rfc studies were performed on 85 children: 38 neonates (2–4 weeks of age), 26 one-year-olds, and 21 two-year-olds. All subjects were imaged while asleep; no sedation was used. Six regions of interest were chosen, including the primary motor, sensory, and visual cortices in each hemisphere. Mean signal intensity of each region of interest was used to perform correlation analysis pixel by pixel throughout the entire brain, identifying regions with high temporal correlation. RESULTS: Functional connectivity was observed in all subjects in the sensorimotor and visual areas. The percent brain volume exhibiting rfc and the strength of rfc continued to increase from 2 weeks to 2 years. The growth trajectories of the percent brain volume of rfc appeared to differ between the sensorimotor and visual areas, whereas the z-score was similar. The percent brain volume of rfc in the sensorimotor area was significantly larger than that in the visual area for subjects 2 weeks of age (P = .008) and 1-year-olds (P = .017) but not for the 2-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that rfc in the sensorimotor precedes that in the visual area from 2 weeks to 1 year but becomes comparable at 2 years. In contrast, the comparable z-score values between the sensorimotor and visual areas for all age groups suggest a disassociation between percent brain volume and the strength of cortical rfc.
Knowledge and Awareness of Teledentistry among Dental Professionals - A Cross Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND The use of technology in the form of smart phones and other electronic media in day to day life has become an integral part of life today. Technology today is seeing a paradigm shift towards better inter-professional communications which can help doctors, patients and the masses as a whole. Putting these technological advancements to good use evolves as a major milestone in medicine/ dentistry in the form of telemedicine/teledentistry. AIM The present study was aimed at knowing the knowledge and awareness of teledentistry among dental professionals of a dental college in India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study was conducted in a dental college in India and was circulated among dental professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge and awareness of teledentistry and was circulated among dental professionals in a dental college. The data thus collected was statistically analysed and results obtained. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data collected was statistically analysed using SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 406 persons responded to the questionnaire. In the present study it was found that the knowledge and awareness about teledentistry was very low among post graduates (7.23%) and interns (9.38%) when compared to I & II BDS while most of them agreed that teledentistry is a practice of dentistry through various media options with limited application in dentistry without a legal issue. CONCLUSION In the present study, it was apparent that most of the respondents were lacking adequate knowledge and awareness on teledentistry. Hence, there is an immense need to create awareness among dental professionals on teledentistry as the future lies in technological advancement. Tele dentistry can mark the beginning of a new era in dentistry. This can be achieved by conducting CDE programs and awareness campaigns/programs which helps in various levels.
Determinantes del Comportamiento Variado del Consumidor en el Escenario de Compra

Habida cuenta que las familias visitan regularmente mas de un establecimiento comercial a la hora de resolver la compra de productos de uso frecuente, el interes de este trabajo estriba en analizar los factores que subyacen en el comportamiento variado del consumidor considerando un escenario de compra habitual. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un analisis empirico sobre los patrones de compra de productos de compra frecuente en 260 hogares de la ciudad de Zaragoza. Los resultados obtenidos han identificado un grupo de variables explicativas del comportamiento variado de los consumidores.
Identification de profils communicationnels parmi les individus cérébrolésés droits: profils transculturels

Apres un siecle d’obscurantisme, il est aujourd’hui admis qu’une lesion hemispherique droite est susceptible d’entrainer des troubles de la communication chez environ 50% des individus. La communication peut alors etre affectee dans ses composantes prosodique, discursive, pragmatique et/ou lexico-semantique. L’atteinte de chacune de ces dimensions de la communication a ete decrite de maniere isolee dans la litterature, mais il n’a a ce jour aucunement ete demontre qu’elles puissent coexister chez un meme individu et repondre a des patrons determines. A l’instar des portraits aphasiques lies a une lesion cerebrale gauche, la description de profils de la communication suivant une lesion hemispherique droite permettra de faciliter l’identification ainsi que l’intervention clinique en orthophonie. L’echantillon est forme de 71 individus cerebroleses droits parmi trois nationalites (Canadiens, Bresiliens, Argentins) dont les variables cliniques et socio-demographiques ont ete controlees. Ces individus ont ete evalues a l’aide des 14 tâches langagieres du Protocole MEC. Une analyse hierarchique en grappe (clusters analysis) a permis de mettre en evidence cinq types distincts de profils d’atteinte clinique de la communication. Le premier profil presente des atteintes communicationnelles multiples et severes, le second des atteintes uniquement conversationnelles, le troisieme des difficultes semantiques et pragmatiques, le quatrieme des deficits semantiques et prosodiques, alors qu’un cinquieme groupe ne presente pas d’atteintes significatives. Ces profils s’averent influences au moins partiellement par certaines variables cliniques (type de lesion) et demographiques (âge) mais faiblement lies a l’origine culturelle, suggerant l’existence de profils translinguistiques. Cette etude en developpement propose une toute premiere proposition taxonomique des troubles de la communication des individus cerebroleses droits. La poursuite de cette etude ainsi que l’exploration des atteintes neuropsychologiques et des localisations lesionnelles qui y sont lies participera a long terme a une meilleure intervention clinique.
How to Advertise and Build Brand Knowledge Globally

ABSTRACT This cross-cultural study examined television advertising appeals (functional versus experiential and local versus global appeals) and their relationship with brand knowledge core components (brand awareness, brand attitude, and brand uniqueness) across countries at different levels of economic development. A dataset of 257 television commercials from 23 countries was used in the analysis. The researchers found that the experiential (emotional) appeal had a stronger relationship with the components of brand knowledge in countries with medium and high gross domestic product (GDP). Global appeal had a stronger relationship with the components of brand knowledge in countries with low GDP.
Slowing the Increase in the Population Dose Resulting from CT Scans

Abstract The annual number of CT scans in the U.S. is now over 70 million. The concern is that organ doses from CT are typically far larger than those from conventional X-ray examinations, and there is epidemiological evidence of a small but significant increased cancer risk at typical CT doses. Because CT is a superb diagnostic tool and because individual CT risks are small, when a CT scan is clinically indicated, the CT benefit/risk balance is by far in the patient's favor. Nevertheless, CT should operate under the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, and opportunities exist to reduce the significant population dose associated with CT without compromising patient care. The first opportunity is to reduce the dose per scan, and improved technology has much potential here. The second opportunity is selective replacement of CT with other modalities, such as for many head and spinal examinations (with MRI), and for diagnosing appendicitis (selective use of ultrasound + CT). Finally, a fraction of CT scans could be avoided entirely, as indicated by CT decision rules: Clinical decision rules for CT use represent a powerful approach for slowing down the increase in CT use, because they have the potential to overcome some of the major factors that result in some CT scans being undertaken when they are potentially not clinically helpful. In the U.S. and potentially elsewhere, legislative approaches are a possible option, to improve quality control and reduce clinically unneeded CT use, and it is also possible that upcoming changes in heath care economics will tend to slow the increase in such CT use.
Analytical modeling of TCSC dynamics

This paper presents an analytical, linear, state-space model of a thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC). First, a simplified fundamental frequency model of TCSC is proposed and the model results are verified. Using frequency response of the nonlinear TCSC segment, a simplified nonlinear state-space model is derived, where the frequency of the dominant TCSC complex poles shows linear dependence on the firing angle. The nonlinear element is linearised and linked with the ac network model and the TCSC controller model that also includes a phase-locked-loop (PLL) model. The model is implemented in MATLAB and verified against PSCAD/EMTDC in the time and frequency domains for a range of operating conditions. The model is sufficiently accurate for most control design applications and practical stability issues in the subsynchronous range.
Wind and Time in Homeric Epic

This paper examines the relationship between wind, narrative, and time in Homer. It begins by considering Fränkel's observation that weather rarely occurs outside the similes in the Iliad, and goes on to show that wind plays a subtle but fundamental role in shaping the narratives of both the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Adverse drug reactions due to cancer chemotherapy in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as ‘Any response to a drug which is noxious, unintended and occurs at doses used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy’. ADRs associated with cancer chemotherapy warrant analysis on their severity and preventability. The outcome would create awareness among health care providers and prevent their recurrence. We have performed a hospital-based prospective observational study designed to analyze the pattern of ADRs to chemotherapeutic agents in cancer patients of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A total of 119 cancer patients were monitored for suspected ADRs during the course of chemotherapy from November 2014 to December 2015. Clinical events were recorded and analyzed with regard to the demographics and drug details of the patients. Results: A total of 106 ADRs were recorded from 119 cases. The ADRs commonly encountered included constipation, nausea, vomiting, alopecia and hematological changes. Cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel and 5-FU were used for the treatment of commonly found cancers in this region affecting the lungs, esophagus and lymphomas. Naranjo’s causality assessment showed 86.7% possible (score 4) and 13.2% probable (score 5–6). Severity of adverse reactions showed 77.4% mild, 18.9% moderate and 3.8% severe. A total of 45.3% of ADRs were preventable reactions such as nausea, vomiting and constipation. Conclusions: This study highlights the role of active monitoring as an important tool for early detection, assessment and timely management of ADRs in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. The observed ADRs were preventable although ADRs such as hiccough, anemia, neutropenia and alopecia were not preventable.
Efficacy of Jollab in the Treatment of Depression in Dyspeptic Patients

The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of jollab, a well-known beverage from traditional Persian medicine in the treatment of depression among patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a pair of 80 patients were enrolled in 2 parallel groups as Jollab and placebo. The Beck Depression Inventory–II questionnaire was used for the assessment. At all, 133 patients enrolling in the treatment and placebo groups ended the protocol. According to the outcomes, changes in scores between the 2 groups were statistically significant at the end of trial (P ≤ .001). Taken as a whole, treatment group was significantly more effective than the placebo. Focusing on nutritional and pharmaceutical properties, jollab may be introduced not only as a medication for depression and allied ailment but also a pleasant daily drink.
BTS guideline for emergency oxygen use in adult patients

### Philosophy of the guideline ### Assessing patients Figure 1 Chart 1: Oxygen prescription for acutely hypoxaemic patients in hospital. ABG, arterial blood gas; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Fio2, fraction of inspired oxygen; ICU, intensive care unit; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; Pco2, carbon dioxide tension; Spo2, arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. View this table: Table 1 Critical illnesses requiring high levels of supplemental oxygen (see section 8.10) ### Oxygen prescription View this table: Table 2 Serious illnesses requiring moderate levels of supplemental oxygen if the patient is hypoxaemic (section 8.11) View this table: Table 3 COPD and other conditions requiring controlled or low-dose oxygen therapy (section 8.12) ### Oxygen administration Figure 2 Chart 2: Flow chart for oxygen administration on general wards in hospitals. ABG, arterial blood gas; EPR, electronic patient record; EWS, Early Warning Score; Spo2, arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. ### Monitoring and maintenance of target saturation
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Induces CCR10 Expression in Terminally Differentiating Human B Cells1

In the B cell lineage, CCR10 is known to be selectively expressed by plasma cells, especially those secreting IgA. In this study, we examined the regulation of CCR10 expression in terminally differentiating human B cells. As reported previously, IL-21 efficiently induced the differentiation of activated human CD19+ B cells into IgD−CD38+ plasma cells in vitro. A minor proportion of the resulting CD19+IgD−CD38+ cells expressed CCR10 at low levels. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), the active metabolite of vitamine D3, dramatically increased the proportion of CD19+IgD−CD38+ cells expressing high levels of CCR10. The 1,25-(OH)2D3 also increased the number of CCR10+ cells expressing surface IgA, although the majority of CCR10+ cells remained negative for surface IgA. Thus, 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone may not be sufficient for the induction of IgA expression in terminally differentiating human B cells. To further determine whether 1,25-(OH)2D3 directly induces CCR10 expression in terminally differentiating B cells, we next performed the analysis on the human CCR10 promoter. We identified a proximal Ets-1 site and an upstream potential vitamin D response element to be critical for the inducible expression of CCR10 by 1,25-(OH)2D3. We confirmed the specific binding of Ets-1 and 1,25-(OH)2D3-activated vitamin D receptor to the respective sites. In conclusion, 1,25-(OH)2D3 efficiently induces CCR10 expression in terminally differentiating human B cells in vitro. Furthermore, the human CCR10 promoter is cooperatively activated by Ets-1 and vitamin D receptor in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3.
Quality of life after high-dose-rate brachytherapy monotherapy for prostate cancer

Purpose There is little information in the literature on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) changes due to high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy monotherapy for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective study of HRQOL changes due to HDR brachytherapy monotherapy for low risk or favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer. Sixty-four of 84 (76%) patients who were treated between February 2011 and April 2013 completed 50 questions comprising the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) before treatment and 6 and/or 12 months after treatment. Results Six months after treatment, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in EPIC urinary, bowel, and sexual scores, including urinary overall, urinary function, urinary bother, urinary irritative, bowel overall, bowel bother, sexual overall, and sexual bother scores. By one year after treatment, EPIC urinary, bowel, and sexual scores had increased and only the bowel overall and bowel bother scores remained significantly below baseline values. Conclusions HDR brachytherapy monotherapy is well-tolerated in patients with low and favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer. EPIC urinary and sexual domain scores returned to close to baseline 12 months after HDR brachytherapy.
Top 100 Cited Articles on Back Pain Research: A Citation Analysis

Study Design. A bibliometric review of the literature. Objective. Back pain is a global burden that leads people to seek medical service and results in work disability. Numerous studies are published annually to give new insights into back pain. However, characteristics of the high-impact articles on back pain have not been explored. The current study aimed to identify the 100 most cited articles on back pain and determine their characteristics. Summary of Background Data. Back pain is a globally leading cause of work disability. Numerous studies have been published annually to give new insight to back pain. However, comprehensive analysis to identify the most influential articles is not available until now. Methods. The Web of Science core database was searched using the subject terms “back NEAR pain,” “dorsalgia,” “backache,” “lumbar NEAR pain,” “lumbago,” “back NEAR disorder*,” “discitis. ” The searching results were listed by citation times and the top 100 cited articles on back pain were identified. Important information such as author, journal, publishing year, country, institution, and study type were elicited. Results. A total of 44,460 articles on back pain were displayed. Citation times of the enrolled 100 articles ranged from 249 to 1638 with a mean value of 418. The most productive periods were 1991 to 1995 and 1996 to 2000. The journal Spine holds the largest number of 45 articles, followed by Pain with seven articles. A total of 11 countries contribute to the 100 articles and the United States topped the list. None of the high-impact articles were produced in Asian and African. Conclusion. The current citation analysis demonstrated the essential advances in the history of back pain research and determined the influential authors, institutions, countries, and journals that had outstanding contributions to the studies of back pain. Level of Evidence: 3