Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yours, Mine, and Ours: The Effect of Ersatz Property Rights on Outcome Based Fairness and Reciprocity

We report laboratory data on earned wealth effects in a series of anonymous dictator games. In addition to a standard (baseline) treatment in which wealth was determined by the experimenter, we conduct treatments in which either the dictator or the receiver earned wealth used in the subsequent dictator game. In our baseline treatment, we observe the standard result: on average, dictators allocate receivers twenty percent. In treatments where the dictator earned wealth, we observe the theoretic prediction of zero offers to receivers. In treatments where the receiver earned wealth, we observe distributions of offers in which the receiver’s share exceeds fifty percent. We interpret these results as evidence of the importance of property rights in determining individuals’ social preferences.
The Value of Equity Analysts ’ Target Prices

We document that short-run deviations between prices and fundamentals can be identified in real time using equity analysts’ target price forecasts. The deviations are economically and statistically significant and of a magnitude not easily explained by transaction costs alone. Our benchmark portfolio of S&P500 stocks, for instance, earned an average risk-adjusted return of 195bps per month during the period 19992004. We show that the abnormal return is in part a premium required by investors for providing liquidity and is highly correlated with standard cross-sectional measures of liquidity such as the bid-ask spread, price impact and changes in trading volume. Our results contribute to the existing literature on analysts’ forecasts by pointing out that, while the target price itself need not provide an accurate estimate of true fundamental values, relative valuations of firms within an industry tend to be more precise. This finding is consistent with analysts having skill in analyzing the specifics of individual firms but limited ability to forecast systematic factors driving returns at the sector
Reproductive dynamics of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Reunion Island). Part 2: fecundity and spawning pattern

Batch fecundity and relative fecundity of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwestern Indian Ocean were estimated from seven gravid swordfish females (size range 127-225 cm lower jaw-to-fork length, LJFL) with unovulated, hydrated oocytes collected onboard Reunion-based (France) longline swordfish fishing vessels between December 1999 to January 2001. To investigate the spawning pattern of swordfish, we used data collected through a combination of two at sea sampling regimes. A total of 17 007 geo-located size data of swordfish were recorded during 8 years (1993-2001) and a total of 1727 (size range 75-289 cm, LJFL) swordfish gonads (1107 females and 620 males) were sampled from May 1998 to January 2001. The estimated batch fecundity ranged from 995 000 hydrated oocytes for the smallest ripe female to 4.3 millions for the largest female sampled measuring respectively 127 to 225 cm in curved length (LJFL). The relative fecundity ranged from 25 to 72 hydrated oocytes per gram of body weight. We found that batch fecundity was positively correlated with fish length and that the older/larger females have earlier and longer spawning seasons than younger/ smaller females. These findings suggested that older/larger females which are seasonally migrating in this spawning ground seem to play a major role in reproductive success of the species in producing significantly more offspring than younger females during an extended spawning season. Examination of the length-frequency date from the fishery indicated that the young fish are resident around Reunion and around the seamounts off Reunion Island. Our results highlight the important role of the older/larger females in the reproductive capacity of southwestern Indian Ocean stock. We discuss the potential implications of fishing the older/larger females for this stock in terms of reproduction and recruitment.
Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of TA15 Titanium Alloy under Isothermal Compression during Hot Deformation

In order to improve the understanding of the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behaviors of TA15 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V), a series of experiments were conducted on a TMTS thermal simulator at temperatures of 1173 K, 1203 K, 1223 K, and 1273 K with the strain rates of 0.005 s−1, 0.05 s−1, 0.5 s−1, and 1 s−1. By the regression analysis for conventional hyperbolic sine equation, the activation energy of DRX in two-phase region is and in region is , and a dimensionless parameter controlling the stored energy was determined as in two-phase region and as in region. The DRX behaviors of TA15 titanium alloy were proposed on the strength of the experiment results. Finally, the theoretical prediction results of DRX volume fraction were shown to be in agreement with experimental observations.
Pragmatics 15:1.109-128 (2005) International Pragmatics Association COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIES IN CHINESE TELEPHONE CONVERSATION CLOSINGS: BALANCING PROCEDURAL NEEDS AND INTERPERSONAL MEANING MAKING

This study is focused on Chinese telephone conversation closings in non-institutional settings. The purpose is to provide a descriptive account of characteristics of Chinese telephone conversation closings. This article reports findings of differences between Chinese and English calls regarding initiation of closing, length and structure of leave-taking, and interactional styles such as repetition and overlaps.
Of fear and friendship: Amazonian sociality beyond kinship and affinity

The article explores the nature of sociality and alterity in indigenous Amazonia. If native Amazonian sociality is all about predatory affinity or, alternatively, convivial consanguinity, why do native Amazonians constantly strive to establish social relationships with people with whom they are related neither as kin nor as affines? The comparative analysis of intertribal trading partnerships, shamanic networks, and mystical associations allows the author to examine the mechanisms by which hostile or potentially hostile relations between strangers – non-relatives – are transformed into relations of amicability. Special emphasis is placed on the role played by ‘trust’ and ‘spaces of trust’ in the creation of non-kin-based social networks. In brief the article analyses the little-studied issue of ‘friendship’, viewing it as an alternative to kinship and affinity in the construction of Amerindian societies and multi-ethnic polities.
Causes of mortality and development: Evidence from large health shocks in 20th century America

Exploiting pre-intervention variation in flu/pneumonia, tuberculosis and maternal mortality, together with time variation arising from medical breakthroughs starting in the late 1930s, this paper studies the aggregate impact of large health shocks across US states. The analysis demonstrates that the shocks influenced income per capita in different ways. While the shock to flu/pneumonia mortality has been conductive for development, the large reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis deaths has been a negative force in the development of US states over the second-half of 20th century. In addition, the decline in maternal mortality has a fragile, but positive relationship with income per capita. Because these specific health shocks affected mortality across the life cycle differently, the evidence here underscores the general tenet of regarding health as multifaceted.
Neuroprotective Role of Wheatgrass Powder in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy via Modulating Oxidative Stress Markers in Rat Sciatic Nerves

Objective: To evaluate the neuroprotective role of Wheatgrass Powder in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy. Methods: An experimental rat model of Diabetic Neuropathy was developed using 50 mg/kg i.v dose of Streptozotocin (STZ). Development of Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy by the end of 8 weeks of STZ injection was confirmed by assessing behavioral parameters like neuropathic pain, allodynia and motor deficits which are the important hallmarks of Diabetic Neuropathy. The effect of 500 mg/kg Wheatgrass powder on Blood glucose levels, serum lipid profile, behavioral biomarkers was assessed before and after the treatment. At the end of the study (8 weeks) sciatic nerves of rats were isolated and oxidative stress markers and structural biomarkers of DN in treated and untreated groups were estimated. Results: STZ caused hyperglycemia induced oxidative damage of sciatic nerves and developed symptoms of Diabetic Neuropathy. Wheatgrass treatment in diabetic rats prevented the development of neuropathic pain, hot allodynia, cold allodynia and motor deficits, the important signs of Diabetic Neuropathy. Wheatgrass treatment ameliorated the oxidative damage of sciatic nerves by increasing the antioxidant enzymes SOD, Catalase, GSH levels and by decreasing the formation of TBARS (Thio Barbituric Acid Reactive Substances) in diabetic rat sciatic nerves. The neuroprotective role of Wheatgrass was also evident from electron microscopic studies. Conclusion: The present study revealed the neuroprotective role of Wheatgrass in Diabetic Neuropathy through modulating oxidative stress markers in Diabetic rat sciatic nerves and its beneficial role as a supplement in Diabetic Neuropathy.
Economic Growth and the High Skilled: the Role of Scale Effects and of Barriers to Entry into the High Tech

Empirical evidence on the relationship between economic growth, the technology structure and the skill structure seems to be inconsistent: the weak relationship between economic growth and the skill structure is conventionally interpreted as pointing to the non-existence of scale elects, while the technology structure-skill structure relationship indicates that there are. We show that there is no inconsistency between the two facts, if we consider a further dynamic effect associated to directed technical change: the existence of differential barriers to entry in high-tech and low-tech sectors. To prove this, we extend a benchmark directed technical change model by incorporating both horizontal and vertical R&D and estimate and calibrate it with cross-country European data. This framework allows us to derive interesting policy implications, namely that the effects of education policy on economic growth may be electively leveraged by industrial policy aiming to reduce barriers to entry into the high-tech sectors.
Sulphide 'mining' by lucinid bivalve molluscs: demonstrated by stable sulphur isotope measurements and experimental models

A profile of the isotopic composition 634S, of elemental sulphur, acid-lablle sulphide, chromous-reducible sulphide and dissolved sulphate was recorded from 30 cm long cores taken from a sandy sedlrnent at the low water mark at Mlll Bay, a beach near the mouth of the Salcombe Estuary SW England The sediment is inhabited by the bivalve mollusc Luanoma boreahs, which has concentrations of elemental sulphur within endosymbiotic sulphur-oxidising bactena in the gills Sulphur from the g~ l l s was more depleted in 34S (634S = -38%) than any of the sulphur species within the sedunent The 6% of elemental sulphur in the sediment vaned from -19 5 % at 0 to 5 cm depth to -25 4% at 15 to 20 cm depth The iron sulphides showed similar depth profdes for 634S from +6 to +9% at 0 to 5 cm depth to -26 to -29% at 15 to 20 cm depth Interstitial dissolved sulphate showed an irregular profile, considerably depleted with respect to seawater sulphate, in the upper 3 cm (634S + l 5 8%0) increasing \nth depth to +20 l %O at 18 to 23 cni depth and then decreasing to + l 1 5%0 at 23 to 28 cm Model experiments on water pumping through permeable tubes of smilar diameter to the inhalant tube of the bivalve illustrated the oxidatlve processes taking place around the inhalant tube and demonstrated the mobilisation of reduced sulphur from the iron sulphides in the sand that leads to highly depleted 34S in the gill Results are discussed with respect to the nutritional strategies of lucinid bivalve niolluscs
Social belonging and the social collective

Adopting a relative perspective on poverty, this article reflects on the social and psychological aspects of market access in a context of abundance. We consider the recent introduction of a consumption-related adolescent youth ritual and the implications this has for those who are financially disadvantaged and their ability to negotiate and navigate the market. Using dimensions of market practice as a lens, we reveal a system that resists reduction to individual actors and demonstrate how and in what ways the social collective facilitates social belonging as well as promoting higher level educational goals. This has important consequences for our understanding of meaningful social practice as well as realizing what is being shaped through market practices.
Conceptualizing Model of Factors Influencing Electronic Commerce Adoption in Iranian Family SMEs

Purpose - This paper aims to provide a conceptual model for the purpose of examining potential influencing factors as well as particular effect of family SMEs' heterogeneity factors on EC adoption in Iranian family SMEs.Design/methodology/approach - The conceptual model originates from EC adoption study backgrounds, grounded in the major concepts of frequently EC adoption and their dependent-extended models. Literature review presents relevant items under their main first order factors, including family SMEs' heterogeneity factors, categorized by contexts.Findings - The model, in which EC adoption refers to the significance of ‘Extent of Deployment’ as innovation behavior, respecting to the theoretical basis of human behavior including essential pure theories (i.e. Learning; Anchoring-and-Adjustment) and major concepts of frequently EC adoption models (TAM; TPB; SCT; DOI), besides role of family SMEs' heterogeneity factors (i.e. The moderating effects of 'Family Strategic Orientation') provided a basis for assessing potential EC adoption antecedents (under which different facets of EC adoption would be considered) including 13th first orders, categorized under four main individual, organizational, industrial, and national contexts.Practical implications - As a sustainable business market mean, EC adoption as an extra-exploitation of electronic commerce, making wider and more diversified external ‘business-linked’ and/or ‘customer-linked’ business relationships, particularly for family SMEs that suffer from 'marketing deficiency', time and effort is necessary so as to identify influencing factors and diagnose their effects on EC deployment in such Iranian SMEs, where EC adoption is questionably near to ground. The presented model is quite valuable for the analysis.Originality/value - This paper presents a conceptual model for analyzing EC adaption factors under related contexts. Independent influences of 12 first potential factors categorized in four contexts as well as the moderation effect of 'family strategic orientation' variable on EC adoption are studied in the model. The design differs from previous studies as they used dichotomous approaches for ‘family strategic Orientation' determination.
Heegner points and p-adic L-functions for elliptic curves over certain totally real fields

For an elliptic curve E over Q satisfying suitable hypotheses, Bertolini and Darmon have derived a formula for the Heegner point on E in terms of the central derivative of the two variable p-adicL-function associated toE. In this paper, we generalize their work to the setting of totally real fields in which p is inert. We also use this generalization to improve the results obtained by Bertolini–Darmon in the case of an elliptic curve defined over the field of rational numbers. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 11G40, 11F33.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VALUES OF SOME WOOD SPECIES USED IN PLYWOOD INDUSTRY

Thermal conductivity is one of the most important properties for construction materials. The aim of the study was to determine the thermal conductivity values of veneers from common wood species used in plywood industry. For this aim, Scots pine, maritime pine, black pine, poplar, beech, alder, spruce, birch, plane tree, tetra, okoume, ozigo were used as wood species in this study. Thermal conductivity values of the veneers were determined according to ASTM C518 by means of The Fox 314 instrument. It was determined from the study that there were differences among the thermal conductivity values of the veneers obtained from wood species in plywood industry. It was also concluded from the study that some manufacturing parameters such as veneer drying temperature affect the thermal conductivity values of veneers.
Effect of Soaking Time and Volume of Water on the Ascorbic Acid Content of Three Nigerian Green Leafy Vegetables

Freshly harvested leaves ( Heinsia crinata , Talinum triangulare , and Venonia amygdalina ) were subjected to different pre-processing treatments; slicing, slicing with salt and squeeze-washing; a portion of whole leaves was used as control. Each sample was soaked twice; in 1 litre and 2 litres of distilled water for 480 min. The 2, 6-dichlorophenol-indophenol Titrimetric method was used to determine the ascorbic acid (AA) content of the fresh leaves. During soaking, the trend of loss was monitored for each treatment every 120 min. The AA content of fresh H. crinata was 73.42 mg/100 g of which 49.7–71.9% was lost; fresh T. triangulare had 337.30 mg/100 g of which 54.9–93.2% was lost and fresh V. amydalina had 121.00 mg/100 g of which 49.9–89.1% was lost during soaking. The pre-processing treatments increased the degree of AA loss in the three leafy vegetables and the higher the soaking time, the higher the AA loss. Keywords: Ascorbic acid, soaking, Heinsia crinata, Talinum triangulare, Vernonia amygdalina
Labor and Profit Taxation, and the Supply of Public Capital

The paper analyzes the determinants of four fiscal trends, observed in many developed countries over the past 40 years: a decline in the corporate tax rate and public investment offset by an increase in the labour income tax and government consumption. Within a simple neoclassical growth model with a public sector, we illustrate the interdependency between the two government problems of how to spread the tax burden and how to allocate the spending. We identify alternative hypotheses that are consistent with the observed trends, and find that technological changes account for a substantial proportion of the changes in the fiscal instruments.
Computation of Electromagnetic Fields Scattered From Objects With Uncertain Shapes Using Multilevel Monte Carlo Method

Computational tools for characterizing electromagnetic scattering from objects with uncertain shapes are needed in various applications ranging from remote sensing at microwave frequencies to Raman spectroscopy at optical frequencies. Often, such computational tools use the Monte Carlo (MC) method to sample a parametric space describing geometric uncertainties. For each sample, which corresponds to a realization of the geometry, a deterministic electromagnetic solver computes the scattered fields. However, for an accurate statistical characterization, the number of MC samples has to be large. In this paper, to address this challenge, the continuation multilevel Monte Carlo (CMLMC) method is used together with a surface integral equation solver. The CMLMC method optimally balances statistical errors due to sampling of the parametric space, and numerical errors due to the discretization of the geometry using a hierarchy of discretizations, from coarse to fine. The number of realizations of finer discretizations can be kept low, with most samples computed on coarser discretizations to minimize computational cost. Consequently, the total execution time is significantly reduced, in comparison to the standard MC scheme.
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Tissues of Major Carp and Exotic Carp from Bhagwanpur Fish Pond, India

Aquatic ecosystem pollution by heavy metals is a worldwide concern. Heavy metals have the ability to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, particularly fish, which is a source of livelihood for humans. Between March 2012 and February 2014, we assessed heavy metal (Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cd) contamination in two food fish species (Labeo rohita and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) selected from Bhagwanpur fish pond in Roorkee, Haridwar, India. After acid digestion, the dried samples of fish tissues were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations by using atomic absorption spectrophotometery. Data obtained was analyzed using two way analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The mean absorption of metals in different organs of L. rohita and H. molitrix ranged from 5.754±2.591-56.851±12.569 μg gG dry weight and from 5.455±3.651-53.625±11.432 μg gG dry weight, respectively. Heavy metal absorption was the highest in gill and liver tissues and the lowest in muscle tissues. Among all metals, Zn had the highest concentration in all the fish tissues. Statistical analysis revealed a significant variation (p<0.05) in heavy metal concentrations in the fish tissues during different seasons. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the summer and the lowest in the spring. The concentrations of most of the studied heavy metals in the fish muscle (the edible part), liver, gill and scale tissues were higher than the permissible limits proposed by the World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
Activity patterns of American black bears in Yosemite National Park

Abstract The impacts of tourism, most notably food resource enrichment and harassment, have led to alterations in natural bear (Ursus sp.) behavior in many National Parks throughout the United States. Comprehensive efforts to reduce these impacts and restore natural activity patterns have been elements of US National Park management for decades. We described black bear (U. americanus) activity patterns during 2001 and 2002 to assess the influence of human activity centers on bear behavior in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. We found bear activity and movement patterns, habitat use, and the distance bears were located from developed areas continued to be influenced by human presence in the Yosemite Valley region of Yosemite National Park. We recommend continued use of educational campaigns, stronger law enforcement efforts, improvements to food storage containers, more effective waste management, and more aggressive aversive conditioning techniques to reduce the number of human–bear interactions and restore the natural behavioral elements of Yosemite's black bear population.
Cloud and rain processes in a biosphere-atmosphere interaction context in the Amazon Region

[1] This paper presents an overview of the results from the first major mesoscale atmospheric campaign of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) Program. The campaign, collocated with a Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite validation campaigns, was conducted in southwest Rondonia in January and February 1999 during the wet season. Highlights on the interaction between clouds, rain, and the underlying landscape through biospheric processes are presented and discussed.