Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fitness of Children With Standard-risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia During Maintenance Therapy: Response to a Home-based Exercise and Nutrition Program

Background Altered nutrient intake and decreased exercise in response to cancer therapies and their side effects, particularly corticosteroids, may be key factors in the increased body weight and differences in physical fitness reported in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Purpose To assess (1) the effect of a home-based nutrition and exercise intervention program on cardiovascular fitness, strength, and flexibility in children with ALL during maintenance therapy and (2) the feasibility of conducting and evaluating a home-based exercise and nutrition program in this patient population. Design Children ages 4 to 10 years with standard-risk ALL were randomized when starting maintenance therapy to a 12-month home-based exercise and nutrition program (n=6, 3 males/3 females) or control (n=7, 4 males/3 females) group. Assessment of anthropometrics, dietary intake, physical activity, and fitness was performed at baseline and 6 and 12 months of study. Results Although age, body size, and nutrient intakes were similar between both subject groups at 0, 6, and 12 months, exercise and nutrition program children had greater improvement in physical activity and cardiovascular fitness between 6 and 12 months than control children. Conclusions These results suggest that a home-based exercise intervention during maintenance therapy encouraged greater physical activity and improved cardiovascular fitness in children with standard-risk ALL. Further investigation involving larger populations of children with ALL is warranted.
FLT3 mutations in myeloid sarcoma

Myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary tumour that typically occurs in the setting of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), or myeloproliferative disorders. In AML, two types of mutations in Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) have been described; internal tandem duplications (ITD) and point mutations at aspartic acid residue 835 (D835). We analysed 24 myeloid sarcoma specimens from 20 patients for FLT3 ITD and D835 mutations. FLT3 ITD mutations were identified in three of 20 cases (15%); no D835 mutations were identified. The ITD inserts ranged in size from 33 to 198 base pairs (bp) and represented approximately 20–40% of the FLT3 alleles. Two cases showed discordance in FLT3 ITD mutational status. In one case, the leukaemia specimen was positive for a FLT3 ITD mutation and the myeloid sarcoma specimen was negative. In the second case, the myeloid sarcoma was positive for a FLT3 ITD mutation at diagnosis, but negative in subsequent relapse samples. Our findings suggest that small molecule inhibitors of FLT3 may be useful therapeutic agents for treatment of myeloid sarcomas‐containing FLT3 mutations, however, the potential for discordance between the leukaemia and myeloid sarcoma, necessitates that the myeloid sarcoma tumour itself be analysed for FLT3 mutations.
Human enterovirus 71 epidemics: what's next?

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) epidemics have affected various countries in the past 40 years. EV71 commonly causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children, but can result in neurological and cardiorespiratory complications in severe cases. Genotypic changes of EV71 have been observed in different places over time, with the emergence of novel genotypes or subgenotypes giving rise to serious outbreaks. Since the late 1990s, intra- and inter-typic recombination events in EV71 have been increasingly reported in the Asia-Pacific region. In particular, ‘double-recombinant’ EV71 strains belonging to a novel genotype D have been predominant in mainland China and Hong Kong over the last decade, though co-circulating with a minority of other EV71 subgenotypes and coxsackie A viruses. Continuous surveillance and genome studies are important to detect potential novel mutants or recombinants in the near future. Rapid and sensitive molecular detection of EV71 is of paramount importance in anticipating and combating EV71 outbreaks.
Validation of the Routine Assessment of Patient Progress (RAPP) in patients with psychosis in South India

The aim of the study was to validate the Routine Assessment of Patient Progress (RAPP), an instrument for assessment by nurses, among patients with psychosis in South India. One hundred consecutive patients with psychosis admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, were assessed on day five and day 19 using the RAPP, the PANSS, and the CGI scales. The correlation of the RAPP with the other scales, its change over time, the inter‐rater reliability, and factor structure were assessed. The subscales of RAPP correlated significantly with those of the other scales at intake and at follow‐up. The RAPP scores changed significantly after treatment. Its inter‐rater reliability as measured by the intra‐class correlation coefficient was 0.98. The Cronbach's alpha, used to measure the internal consistency of the scale, was 0.87. The split‐half reliability (Spearman‐Brown) was 0.89. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation revealed six factors, which explained 67.4% of the variance. Items related to life skills explained a major proportion of the variance. The good psychometric properties, concurrent validity, high inter‐rater reliability and sensitivity to change make it a useful instrument for nurses to employ to assess patients with psychoses. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Coffee components and cardiovascular risk: beneficial and detrimental effects

Abstract Coffee consists of several biological active compounds, such as caffeine, diterpenes, chlorogenic acids, and melanoidins, which may affect human health. The intake of each compound depends on the variety of coffee species, roasting degree, type of brewing method and serving size. The bioavailability and the distribution of each compound and its metabolites also contribute to coffee mechanisms of action. The health benefits of coffee consumption regarding cardiovascular system and metabolism mostly depend on its antioxidant compounds. In contrast, diterpenes and caffeine may produce harmful effects by raising lipid fraction and affecting endothelial function, respectively. Studying the mechanism of action of coffee components may help understanding weather coffee’s impact on health is beneficial or hazardous. In this article, we reviewed the available information about coffee compounds and their mechanism of action. Furthermore, benefits and risks for cardiovascular system associated with coffee consumption will be discussed.
Changes in Sleep Patterns and Depressive Symptoms in First-Time Mothers: Last Trimester to 1-Year Postpartum

Thirty-eight 1st-time mothers were recruited from childbirth classes and were assessed at 4 different time periods: the last trimester of pregnancy, 2-4 weeks postpartum, 12-16 weeks postpartum, and 12-15 months postpartum. Measures included a daily sleep-wake diary and a depression scale (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, CES-D). Results reveal significant differences in weekday night sleep schedules (rise time, time awake due to disruptions, and nap time) at 2-4 weeks postpartum in comparison to other times of measurement. Total sleep time and bedtime was not significantly different between times of measurement. More depressive symptoms were reported at 2-4 weeks postpartum than at later postpartum measurements. Mothers who developed clinically elevated depressive symptoms (CES-D 16) at 2-4 weeks postpartum reported more total sleep time, later rise times, and more time napping at the end of pregnancy in comparison to those mothers that reported fewer depressive symptoms (CES-D < 16) at 2-4 weeks postpartum.
Smoking and warfarin disposition

Nine cigarette smokers ingested an average daily 0.032 mglkg dose of sodium warfarin for 2 wk while continuing to smoke and for an additional 2 wk after having abstained from cigarette smoking for a month washout phase. Steady‐state plasma levels of warfarin, clearances, t½, apparent volumes of distribution, steady‐state prothrombin times, and plasma thiocyanate levels were measured during both the smoking and nonsmoking phases. During the nonsmoking phase there was a 13% increase in average steady‐state warfarin level and a 13% decrease in warfarin clearance rate. There also was a 23% increase in warfarin t½ and an 11% increase in the apparent volume of distribution. Prothrombin time did not change. Thiocyanate levels were 3 to 4 times as high during the smoking than the nonsmoking phase. It appears that cigarette smoking does affect warfarin clearance, t½, and apparent volume of distribution, though the net effect on warfarin's pharmacodynamic activity is negligible, at least at doses which are ineffective therapeutically.
The hyperpolarization‐activated current (Ih) and its contribution to pacemaker activity in rat CA1 hippocampal stratum oriens‐alveus interneurones.

1. The hyperpolarization‐activated current (Ih) and its role in pacemaking activity in rat hippocampal stratum oriens‐alveus interneurones was studied using whole‐cell and perforated patch‐clamp configurations. 2. Voltage‐clamp recordings revealed Ih as a slowly activating, inward current, activated by hyperpolarizing steps (holding potential, Vh = ‐40 mV), with a reversal potential close to ‐30 mV. Its activation curve ranged from approximately ‐50 to ‐120 mV with a mid‐activation point of ‐84.1 mV. 3. Ih was blocked by external application of Cs+ (2‐5 mM) and ZD7288 (100 microM), but not by Ba2+ (1 mM). 4. Ih was potentiated by both noradrenaline and isoprenaline by a mechanism consistent with a shift in the Ih activation curve. 5. Under current‐clamp conditions (Vh = ‐60 mV), ZD7288 induced a membrane hyperpolarization concomitant with an increase in the membrane input resistance and abolished the voltage sag generated by hyperpolarizing current injection. 6. Analysis of the current‐discharge relationship revealed that block of Ih differentially increased the firing frequency of spikes occurring early in the train compared with those occurring late in the discharge. 7. When applied to spontaneously firing cells, ZD7288 reduced the firing frequency by selectively altering the time course of the interspike interval, while minimally affecting other action potential characteristics. Similarly, isoprenaline increased the spontaneous firing frequency by an effect exclusively on the after‐hyperpolarization and interspike interval. 8. These results provide evidence for the involvement of Ih in the excitability and generation of spontaneous firing in hippocampal stratum oriens‐alveus interneurones.
Les victimisations scolaires au Sénégal à l’épreuve de l’analyse de « genre » :. De la construction socioculturelle et institutionnelle des violences sexuelles en Afrique subsaharienne

Si, au Senegal, le school bullying, c’est-a-dire le harcelement entre pairs en milieu scolaire, sous forme de violences scolaires « ordinaires » touche majoritairement les garcons conformement a la tendance observee au plan international, il existe au moins un domaine ou les filles sont surexposees, il s’agit des violences de domination. Ce que nous designons sous le vocable « pressions sexuelles », et qui depasse largement les seules violences sexuelles, brutales et agressives, demeure une des specificites des victimations scolaires en Afrique de par son ampleur ici et la. Meme si, pour l’heure, la recherche et les connaissances scientifiques en la matiere demeurent parcellaires et non systematiques, l'etude presentee ici semble indiquer que les representations impregnees de l'organisation sociale constituent l'un des principaux facteurs de leur prevalence.
Algorithms for irreducible infeasible subset detection in CSP - Application to frequency planning and graph k-coloring. (Algorithmes pour la détection d'un sous ensemble irréalisable irréductible dans un CSP - Applications aux problèmes d'affectation des fréquences et problème de k-coloration)

The frequency assignment (FAP) consists in assigning the frequency on the radio links of a network which satisfiesthe electromagnetic interference among the links. Given the limited spectrum resources for each application, the fre-quency resources are often insufficient to deploy a wireless network without interference. In this case, the network isover-contrained and the problem is infeasible. Our objective is to identify an area with heavy interference.The work presented here concerns the detection for one of these areas with an algorithmic approach based onmodeling the problem by CSP. The problem of frequency assignment can be modeled as a constraint satisfactionproblem (CSP) which is represented by a triple: a set of variables (radio links), a set of constraints (electromagneticinterference) and a set of available frequencies.The interfered area in CSP can be considered a subset of irreducible feasible subset (IIS). An IIS is a infeasiblesubproblem with irreducible size, that is to say that all subsets of an IIS are feasible. The identification of an IIS ina CSP refers to two general interests. First, locating an IIS can easily prove the infeasibility of the problem. Becausethe size of IIS is assumed to be smaller compared to the entire problem, its infeasibility is relatively easier to prove.Second, we can locate the reason of infeasibility, in this case, the decision maker can provide the solutions to relax theconstraints inside IIS, which perhaps leads to a feasible solution to the problem.This work proposes algorithms to identify an IIS in the over-constrained CSP. These algorithms have tested on the well known benchmarks of the FAP and of the problem of graph k-coloring. The results show a significant improve-ment on instances of FAP compared to known methods.
High Resolution Face Completion with Multiple Controllable Attributes via Fully End-to-End Progressive Generative Adversarial Networks

We present a deep learning approach for high resolution face completion with multiple controllable attributes (e.g., male and smiling) under arbitrary masks. Face completion entails understanding both structural meaningfulness and appearance consistency locally and globally to fill in "holes" whose content do not appear elsewhere in an input image. It is a challenging task with the difficulty level increasing significantly with respect to high resolution, the complexity of "holes" and the controllable attributes of filled-in fragments. Our system addresses the challenges by learning a fully end-to-end framework that trains generative adversarial networks (GANs) progressively from low resolution to high resolution with conditional vectors encoding controllable attributes. We design novel network architectures to exploit information across multiple scales effectively and efficiently. We introduce new loss functions encouraging sharp completion. We show that our system can complete faces with large structural and appearance variations using a single feed-forward pass of computation with mean inference time of 0.007 seconds for images at 1024 x 1024 resolution. We also perform a pilot human study that shows our approach outperforms state-of-the-art face completion methods in terms of rank analysis. The code will be released upon publication.
Are Mutans Streptococci Detected in Preschool Children a Reliable Predictive Factor for Dental Caries Risk? A Systematic Review

Research suggests that mutans streptococci play an important role in cariogenesis in children but the usefulness of bacterial testing in risk assessment is unknown. Our objective was to summarize the literature assessing the association of mutans streptococci and dental caries in preschool children, (Pre)Medline (1966–2003), Embase (1980–2003), the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (2003, issue 3), and reference lists of included studies were searched. All abstracts found by the electronic searches (n = 981) were independently scrutinized by 2 reviewers. Minimal requirements for inclusion were assessment of preschool children without caries at baseline, reporting of mutans streptococci present in saliva or plaque at baseline and assessment of caries presence after a minimum of 6 months of follow-up. Participants’ details, test methods, methodological characteristics and findings were extracted by one reviewer and cross-checked by another. Homogeneity was tested using χ2 tests. Results of plaque and saliva testing were pooled separately using a fixed effects model. Methodological quality of reports was low. Out of 9 studies included, data from 3 reports on plaque test assessment alone (n = 300) and from 4 reports on saliva test assessment alone (n = 451) were available for pooled analysis. The pooled risk ratio (95% CI) was 3.85 (2.48–5.96) in studies using plaque tests and 2.11 (1.47–3.02) in those using saliva testing. Presence of mutans streptococci, both in plaque or saliva of young caries-free children, appears to be associated with a considerable increase in caries risk. Lack of adjustment for potential confounders in the original studies, however, limits the extent to which interpretations for practice can be made.
The Effects of Transition on Life Satisfaction in Poland

Since 1989 Poland has been considered a leader in economic reform, but did the process of transition from a planned economy to a free market model make its people happier? A look at the life satisfaction levels reported in the World Values Survey shows that the answer is no. The disruptive effects of transition on marriage rates, as well as the increased unemployment and withdrawal from the labor force seem to have mattered more for the happiness of Poles than the recovery in terms of GDP per capita. People over thirty and those less educated are the ones who suffered the most and this led to an increase in life satisfaction inequality. Overall, there is not a significant difference in the levels of subjective well-being of women and men. However, while both genders report lower levels in 1999 compared with 1990, the difference between the two dates is only significant in the case of men. For them, only after considering the changes in marital and employment status the decrease in life satisfaction over this interval can be accounted for.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Teacher Efficacy Scale for prospective teachers.

BACKGROUND Research on teacher self-efficacy has revealed substantive problems concerning the validity of instruments used to measure teacher self-efficacy beliefs. Although claims about the influence of teachers' self-efficacy beliefs on student achievement, success with curriculum innovation, and so on, may be true statements, one cannot make those claims on the basis of that body of evidence if the instruments are not valid measures of teachers' self-efficacy beliefs. AIMS The purpose of this investigation is to employ the use of modern confirmatory factor-analytic techniques to investigate the validity of the hypothesized dimensions of the Teacher Efficacy Scale (Gibson & Dembo, 1984; Woolfolk & Hoy, 1990). SAMPLE Participants for this investigation were 387 prospective teachers recruited from a university located in the south-western region of the UA. Participants for Study 2 were 131 prospective elementary teachers recruited from the same university as in Study 1. RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) procedure was used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit for two theoretical models of the TES items. The proposed two- and three-factor models of teacher self-efficacy for prospective teachers were rejected. A re-specified three-factor model of the TES was then derived from theoretical and empirical considerations. The re-specified model hypothesized three dimensions: self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and external locus-of-causality. In Study 2, the re-specified three-factor measurement model was evaluated in a new sample. Results of the CFA procedure indicated satisfactory fit of the re-specified model to the data; however, the results were not consistent with predictions derived from social learning theory. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study call into question the use of the TES and the interpretation of a large body of literature purporting to study the relationship of teachers' self-efficacy beliefs to important educational outcomes.
Contribution of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of brain disorders: Recent findings and future applications

Brain disorders including neurological and psychiatric disorders have become a major global public health issue due to their high prevalence and burden. However, elucidating ultimate causes and improving strategies for diagnosis and treatment of these disorders remain challenging due to limited accessibility to living human brain. In addition, there has been a great need for robust biomarkers for them at a very early stage. Neuroimaging technologies have demonstrated the potential in investigating the pathophysiology and developing the biomarkers. The current review discusses the potential diagnostic applications of neuroimaging in brain disorders. We summarized major findings in recent neuroimaging meta‐analyses, which could be used as future biomarkers, in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, central nervous system inflammation, depression, and schizophrenia. New possibilities of novel imaging techniques were also demonstrated. Finally, future directions for the imaging‐based diagnosis were suggested. In spite of promising results from preliminary studies and rapid technological advances, further studies on the reliability and validity of potential imaging biomarkers in larger patient populations and the development of new guidelines for the clinical applications would be required.
A Randomized Comparison Between Midazolam and Thiopental for Elective Cesarean Section Anesthesia: I. Mothers

In a randomized blind trial midazolam (0.3 mg kg−1) was compared with thiopental (4 mg kg−1), both combined with meperidine-nitrous oxide, for elective cesarean section anesthesia in 40 women. We found no statistically significant differences between thiopental and midazolam at induction, during operation or recovery with regard to maintenance doses, change in maternal neurologic status based on a modified Glasgow Coma Scale, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate. Induction time was 120 seconds with midazolam and 111 seconds with thiopental. There were significant differences with regard to diastolic blood pressure. Side effects occurred with approximately equal frequencies, but vomiting was significantly more frequent after thiopental. Perivenous tenderness and erythema occurred in four patients, all after thiopental. Midazolam appears to be a suitable alternative to thiopental for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia for elective cesarean section.