Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organization of the inferior colliculus of the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): Differences in distribution of projections from the cochlear nuclei and the superior olivary complex

The inferior colliculus (IC) receives its major ascending input from the cochlear nuclei, the superior olivary complex, and the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. To understand better the terminal distribution of the inputs from these sources relative to one another, we made focal injections of a retrograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine, in different parts of the IC in 74 gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The cases could be divided into three groups based on counts of labeled cells in brainstem auditory nuclei. Group 1 cases had labeled cells in both the cochlear nuclei and the lateral and medial superior olivary nuclei. Group 2 cases had labeled cells in the cochlear nuclei but few or none in the lateral and medial superior olivary nuclei. Both groups had labeled cells in the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and the superior paraolivary nucleus. Group 3 cases had few labeled cells in any of the ascending auditory pathways. The group to which a case belonged was strongly related to the location of the injection site in the IC. The injection sites for both group 1 and group 2 were located in the central nucleus, but those for group 1 tended to be located laterally relative to those for group 2, which were located more medially and caudally. The injection sites for group 3 cases lay outside the central nucleus of the IC. The two regions of the central nucleus of the IC, distinguished on the basis of connectivity, are likely to subserve different functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:511–528, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patient-reported outcomes of dental implant therapy in a large randomly selected sample.

BACKGROUND In addition to traditional clinical parameters, the need to include patient-reported assessments into dental implant research has been emphasized. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate patient-reported outcomes following implant-supported restorative therapy in a randomly selected patient sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four thousand seven hundred and sixteen patients were randomly selected from the data register of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. A questionnaire containing 10 questions related to implant-supported restorative therapy was mailed to each of the individuals about 6 years after therapy. Associations between questionnaire data, and (i) patient-related, (ii) clinician-related and (iii) therapy-related variables were identified by multivariate analyses. RESULTS Three thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven patients (81%) responded to the questionnaire. It was demonstrated that the overall satisfaction among patients was high. Older patients presented with an overall more positive perception of the results of the therapy than younger patients and males were more frequently satisfied in terms of esthetics than females. While clinical setting did not influence results, patients treated by specialist dentists as opposed to general practitioners reported a higher frequency of esthetic satisfaction and improved chewing ability. In addition, patients who had received extensive implant-supported reconstructions, in contrast to those with small reconstructive units, reported more frequently on improved chewing ability and self-confidence but also to a larger extent on implant-related complications. CONCLUSION It is suggested that patient-perceived outcomes of implant-supported restorative therapy are related to (i) age and gender of the patient, (ii) the extent of restorative therapy and (iii) the clinician performing the treatment.
Directional Selectivity in the Simple Eye of an Insect

Among other sensory modalities, flight stabilization in insects is performed with the aid of visual feedback from three simple eyes (ocelli). It is thought that each ocellus acts as a single wide-field sensor that detects changes in light intensity. We challenge this notion by providing evidence that, when light-adapted, the large retinal L-neurons in the median ocellus of the dragonfly respond in a directional way to upward moving bars and gratings. This ability is pronounced under UV illumination but weak or nonexistent in green light and is optimal at angular velocities of ∼750° s−1. Using a reverse-correlation technique, we analyze the functional organization of the receptive fields of the L-neurons. Our results reveal that L-neurons alter the structure of their linear spatiotemporal receptive fields with changes in the illuminating wavelength, becoming more inseparable and directional in UV light than in green. For moving bars and gratings, the strength of directionality predicted from the receptive fields is consistent with the measured values. Our results strongly suggest that, during the day, the retinal circuitry of the dragonfly median ocellus performs an early linear stage of motion processing. The likely advantage of this computation is to enhance pitch control.
The application of SHERPA (Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach) in the development of compensatory cognitive rehabilitation strategies for stroke patients with left and right brain damage

Approximately 33% of stroke patients have difficulty performing activities of daily living, often committing errors during the planning and execution of such activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the human error identification (HEI) technique SHERPA (Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach) to predict errors during the performance of daily activities in stroke patients with left and right hemisphere lesions. Using SHERPA we successfully predicted 36 of the 38 observed errors, with analysis indicating that the proportion of predicted and observed errors was similar for all sub-tasks and severity levels. HEI results were used to develop compensatory cognitive strategies that clinicians could employ to reduce or prevent errors from occurring. This study provides evidence for the reliability and validity of SHERPA in the design of cognitive rehabilitation strategies in stroke populations. Practitioner Summary: This study evaluated SHERPA (Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach) as a means for predicting errors during the performance of daily activities in left and right brain-damaged patients. Results demonstrate that SHERPA is a useful technique that can be employed in the design of cognitive rehabilitation strategies.
The Effects of Ocean Acidity and Elevated Temperature on Bacterioplankton Community Structure and Metabolism

By the end of the 21st century, mean sea surface temperatures are expected to increase 4? C, while atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to triple causing seawater to become acidic. These compounding effects will undoubtedly have major consequences for the organisms and processes in the oceans. Bacterioplankton play a vital role in the marine carbon cycle and the oceans’ ability to sequester CO2. We utilized pCO2 perturbation experiments to investigate the effects of ocean acidity and elevated temperature on bacterioplankton community structure and metabolism. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of small subunit ribosomal (SSU) genes revealed that bacterioplankton incubated in lower pH conditions exhibited a reduction of species richness, evenness, and overall diversity, relative to those incubated in ambient pH conditions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) of T-RFLP data resulted in clustering by pH suggesting that pH influenced the structure of these communities. Shifts in the dominant members of bacterioplankton communities incubated under different pH were observed in both T-RFLP and SSU clone library analyses. Both ambient and low pH communities were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, although abundance of Alphaproteobacteria increased in communities incubated at lower pH. This was expressed by the gamma to alpha ratio dropping from ~9 to 4, respectively. In general, the representative taxa from these two classes were distinctly different between the treatments, with a few taxa found to be persistent in both treatments. Changes in the structure of bacterioplankton communities coincided with significant changes to their overall metabolism. Bacterial production rates decreased, while bacterial respiration increased under lower pH conditions. This study highlights the ability of bacterioplankton communities to respond to ocean acidification both structurally and metabolically, which may have significant implications for their ecological function in the marine carbon cycle and the ocean’s response to global climate change.
Intracranial hemorrhage associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of seven patients and a meta-analysis

We present the results of a meta-analysis using clinical data obtained from seven of our patients and 24 previously reported patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura complicated by intracranial hemorrhage. Twenty-four had an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and seven had a subdural hematoma (SDH). Mean age of the patients with ICH was significantly younger than those with SDH. The mortality rate of ICH associated with ITP was similar to that of spontaneous ICH. All seven patients with SDH improved without sequelae.
Systems engineering metrics and applications in product development: A critical literature review and agenda for further research

The military/aerospace industries have several decades of experience in the application of systems engineering. In the world of complex systems developed under contract, systems engineering has a well‐articulated, generally accepted, client‐mandated methodology. This is not the case currently in most commercially oriented research and development organizations. Unlike the military/aerospace environment, it is not widely accepted that systems engineering can or will deliver value within commercial enterprises. This said, it is possible that a systems engineering‐like methodology may be routinely employed but not so stated, or is recognized under a different label. This seems likely since complex products continue to be successfully developed and commercialized via the use of methods that are closely related to systems engineering. The purpose of this paper is to establish the groundwork for measuring the effectiveness of the systems engineering methodology, and closely associated analogs, as part of the product development process in a commercial research and development organization. In this paper, we review the literature in systems engineering and related fields to identify measurement issues and methodologies, specific metrics proposed and in use, and case studies and best practices. We also identify gaps in the literature and propose the next steps in a research agenda. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Relationship between Crosscutting Concerns and DefectsNOTE FROM ACM: It has been determined that this paper plagiarized earlier works. Therefore ACM has shut off access to this paper.

<h4>NOTE FROM ACM: It has been determined that this paper plagiarized earlier works. Therefore ACM has shut off access to this paper. <br><br> The paper by Pankaj Kumar and Kamlesh Dutta plagiarizes the following work: Marc Eaddy, Vibhav Garg, Alfred Aho, Nachiappan Nagappan, Kaitlin Duck Sherwood, "On the Relationship between Crosscutting Concerns and Defects: An Empirical Investigation" <a href= "http://www1.cs. columbia.edu/%7Eeaddy/publications/On%20the%20Relationship%20between%20Crosscutting%20Concerns%20and%20Defects.pdf">found here</a>, as well as the article: Eaddy, M. ; Zimmermann, T. ; Sherwood, K.D. ; Garg, V. ; Murphy, G.C. ; Nagappan, N. ; Aho, A.V. ; , "Do Crosscutting Concerns Cause Defects? ," Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on , vol.34, no.4, pp.497-515, July-Aug. 2008 . <a href= "http://dx.doi. org/10.1109/TSE.2008. 36">http://dx.doi. org/10.1109/TSE.2008. 36</a>. <br> <br> For further information, contact the <a href= "mailto:dirpubs@acm.org">ACM Director of Publications. </a></h4>
export Barriers and Firm internationalisation from an emerging market Perspective

This study is concerned with an empirical investigation that explores the barriers to export that emerging market entrepreneurs face when engaging in international business. The data was gathered from a survey of 214 manufacturing firms, headquartered in Malaysia, and considered to be an emerging market. Statistical analysis was carried out using one‐way analysis of variance and the Tukey‐Kramer Multiple Comparison Procedure. The study’s key findings indicate that exporters and non‐exporters perceive the importance of the need to adapt products to meet foreign customer preferences and a lack of capacity dedicated to a continuing supply of exports differently as barriers to export. However, other than those barriers to export the study findings indicate no significant differences in the perceptions of exporters and non‐exporters from an emerging market towards the different barriers to export.
A global theory of internal solitary waves in two-fluid systems

Abstract : The study of single-crested progressing gravity waves was initiated over a century ago with the observations by Russell of what he termed solitary waves, which progressed without change of form over a considerable distance on the Glasgow-Edinburgh Canal. The mathematical analysis of this wave motion on the surface of water, begun in the nineteenth century, has undergone a rapid development in the last three decades, due to the scattering theory for the Korteweg-de Vries equation, which models the motion of long waves due to the development of techniques in nonlinear analysis allowing for the analysis of finite amplitude motions. The work on surfce waves has many parallels in the study of waves in fluids with variable density. In the case of a heterogeneous fluid with a free upper surface, gravity waves still occur, in analogy with surface waves in a fluid of constant density. What is distinctive about a fluid with density stratification, however, is the presence of waves which are predominantly due to the stratification and not to the free surface. These waves, called internal waves, exist in a heterogeneous fluid even when it is confined between horizontal boundaries, a configuration which precludes gravity waves in a fluid of constant density. This paper is concerned with progressing solitary gravity waves in a system consisting of two fluids of differing densities confined in a channel of unit depth and infinite horizontal extent.
Familial versus environmental factors in Balkan endemic nephropathy in Mehedinti county, Romania, by means of albuminuria and tubular biomarkers: preliminary study

Abstract Introduction and aims: Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), a regional tubulointerstitial kidney disease encountered in South-Eastern Europe, with still undefined etiology and inexorable evolution towards end stage renal disease, raises the question of the relative contribution of family and environmental factors in its etiology. In order to evaluate the intervention of these factors, markers of tubular injury have been assessed, this lesion being considered an early renal involvement in BEN. Methods: The paper studies relatives of BEN patients currently included in dialysis programmes (for involvement of the family factor) and their neighbors (for involvement of environmental factors) and analyzes them with regard to tubular injury by means of tubular biomarkers (N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase—NAG and alpha-1-microglobulin), and albuminuria. At the same time, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (CKD-EPI) was measured. It is considered that, in order to acquire the disease, one should have lived for 20 years in the BEN area. The relatives have been classified according to this criterion. Results: More evident tubular injury was found in the neighbors of BEN patients living for more than 20 years in the endemic area, which argues in favor of environmental factors. Higher levels of urinary alpha-1-microglobulin and albumin in relatives of BEN patients who had been living for more than 20 years in the area than in relatives with a residence under 20 years, plead for the same hypothesis. GFR was lower in persons who had been living for more than 20 years in the BEN area (neighbors and relatives). Conclusions: Environmental factors could be more important in BEN than family factors.
Percutaneous gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy: additional experience in 519 procedures.

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and safety of radiologically guided percutaneous placement of gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over 6 years, 562 referred patients were considered for gastrojejunostomy or gastrostomy procedures. In 43 cases (7.7%), the procedure was not performed because of overlying viscera, high position of the stomach, or massive ascites. In 478 patients, 519 procedures were performed. RESULTS Of 507 attempted gastrojejunostomy procedures, 482 (95.1%) were successful, 14 (2.8%) catheters could not be advanced through the pylorus and necessitated gastrostomies, and 11 (2.2%) were technical failures. Twelve gastrostomy tubes were placed for decompression, with a 100% success rate. Thirty-day follow-up data were available for 457 procedures: The 30-day mortality rate was 17.1% (71 of 416 patients). There were two gastrostomy-related deaths. The overall major and minor complication rates were 1.3% and 2.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Percutaneous gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy are safe and effective methods of providing short- or long-term enteral nutrition or upper gastrointestinal tract decompression.
Hereditary Aspects of Duodenal Ulceration: Serum-pepsinogen Level in Relation to ABO Blood Groups and Salivary ABH Secretor Status

The association of duodenal ulcer with blood group O (Aird et al., 1954 ; Roberts, 1957) and with salivary ABH non secretion (Clarke et al., 1956 ; Doll et al., 1961) is firmly estab lished. Thus the family studies of Doll and Kellock (1951), which showed evidence of a hereditary factor in duodenal ulcer, have been substantiated by identification of two of the respon sible genetic loci? namely, those for the genes determining ABO blood group and salivary ABH secretor status. Though the underlying mechanisms whereby these genes influence liability to duodenal ulcer remain somewhat obscure, yet the present paper throws some light on one facet of the problem. Sievers (1959), using the "diagnex" blue test as a screening procedure for " achlorhydria " in several hundred patients, found evidence of free acid in 86.1% of group O patients but in only 73.0% of group A patients. Similarly, using the serum-pepsinogen level as an index of gastric secretion, Sievers found a significantly higher mean level in group O than in group A patients. These findings suggest the possibility that the possession of group O phenotype leads to the development of a greater gastric-acid-pepsin secretory-cell mass than that in the other ABO blood-group phenotypes. Further support for this possibility exists in the work of Purohit and Shukla (1960), who related the mean acid output in response to an alcohol test meal to the ABO blood groups, and in the clinical evidence, wherein there is not only decreasing gastric acidity but also a gradual switch from preponderance, relative to the control population, of group O to that of group A, in the following series of conditions? duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, and pernicious anaemia (Koster et al., 1955). While the present study was in progress Niederman et al. (1962), in a survey of 1,000 university intake students, stated that they found no significant differences between the mean serum-pepsinogen levels of the various ABO blood group and salivary ABH secretor phenotypic classes. Nevertheless, the mean level was higher in group O salivary ABH non-secretors than in group A salivary ABH secretors (P<0.2). For the following reasons it is felt that the negative results of Nieder man et al. (1962) cannot be fully accepted. (1) They studied a younger age-group of 16-21 years. It may be that, because the gastric secretory mass was still not fully developed, the potential differences between the phenotypes had not yet become apparent. (2) Comparison of the standard deviations for the data in the different phenotypic classes shows a disturbingly wide range of variation, from 77 to 155. (3) They conducted statistical analysis on material with a skew distribution. Similarly, the work of Sievers (1959) is open to the criticism that it was conducted on patients rather than the healthy popu lation, even though diseases known to influence gastric secretion were excluded.
A Randomized Phase II Study of Immunization With Dendritic Cells Modified With Poxvectors Encoding CEA and MUC1 Compared With the Same Poxvectors Plus GM-CSF for Resected Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Objective: To determine whether 1 of 2 vaccines based on dendritic cells (DCs) and poxvectors encoding CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and MUC1 (PANVAC) would lengthen survival in patients with resected metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC). Background: Recurrences after complete resections of metastatic CRC remain frequent. Immune responses to CRC are associated with fewer recurrences, suggesting a role for cancer vaccines as adjuvant therapy. Both DCs and poxvectors are potent stimulators of immune responses against cancer antigens. Methods: Patients, disease-free after CRC metastasectomy and perioperative chemotherapy (n = 74), were randomized to injections of autologous DCs modified with PANVAC (DC/PANVAC) or PANVAC with per injection GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Endpoints were recurrence-free survival overall survival, and rate of CEA-specific immune responses. Clinical outcome was compared with that of an unvaccinated, contemporary group of patients who had undergone CRC metastasectomy, received similar perioperative therapy, and would have otherwise been eligible for the study. Results: Recurrence-free survival at 2 years was similar (47% and 55% for DC/PANVAC and PANVAC/GM-CSF, respectively) (&khgr;2 P = 0.48). At a median follow-up of 35.7 months, there were 2 of 37 deaths in the DC/PANVAC arm and 5 of 37 deaths in the PANVAC/GM-CSF arm. The rate and magnitude of T-cell responses against CEA was statistically similar between study arms. As a group, vaccinated patients had superior survival compared with the contemporary unvaccinated group. Conclusions: Both DC and poxvector vaccines have similar activity. Survival was longer for vaccinated patients than for a contemporary unvaccinated group, suggesting that a randomized trial of poxvector vaccinations compared with standard follow-up after metastasectomy is warranted. (NCT00103142)
Views Knockin ( g ) RAF for a loop

Phosphorylation of the activation loop in RAF kinases has been suggested to be critical for changes in activity. The extent to which the activation segment is phosphorylated, the specific structural consequences, and the in vivo relevance have however remained elusive. In this issue of the The EMBO Journal, Köhler et al (2016) addressed these questions by generating a knock-in mouse expressing a B-Raf mutant with a non-phosphorylatable activation loop. The mutant causes a range of developmental phenotypes; intriguingly, it also impairs the tumorigenic potential of a subset of BRAF mutants, suggesting potential new strategies for RAF inhibition.