Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived Self-Efficacy, Poverty, and Economic Development

Traditionally focused on external constraints, economists are increasingly recognizing the importance of internal constraints that reflect perceptions as much as reality. Perceived self-efficacy (PSE)—individuals’ perception of their domain-specific capabilities—fundamentally shapes these internal constraints and thereby drives economic behavior. Without sufficient PSE, individuals have little reason to invest greater effort or attempt anything new. Individuals with higher PSE set more ambitious goals, try harder, and persist more diligently. Such proactive engagement in perceiving and creating possibilities is often either ignored or implicitly assumed in simple optimization models. Growing evidence from psychology and economics suggests that PSE deserves greater attention. We review the theoretical and empirical literature on PSE with a focus on its relevance to poverty and economic development. We discuss promising avenues for future research at the interface of PSE and poverty as part of the broader f.
Reactive oxygen species contribute to the development of arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves during β‐adrenergic receptor stimulation in rabbit cardiomyocytes

• β‐Adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) stimulation is the most important positive inotropic effect on the heart, but it can also induce cardiac arrhythmias. • In rabbit ventricular myocytes, short‐term β‐AR stimulation induced a positive inotropic effect that was associated with increased ryanodine receptor phosphorylation. • However, prolonged β‐AR stimulation increased the occurrence of calcium waves during diastole. This effect was associated with an increase in the reactive oxygen species production and oxidation of thiol groups on ryanodine receptors. • These results suggest that phosphorylation combined with oxidation of ryanodine receptors during β‐AR stimulation increases the receptor activity to a critical level leading to the generation of arrhythmogenic calcium waves. • Thus, attenuating reactive oxygen species production during β‐AR stimulation may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent the occurrence of arrhythmias, while at the same time preserving cardiac positive inotropy.
Does local social capital deter labour migration? Evidence from rural China

ABSTRACT This article empirically investigates the effect of local social capital on job-related migration in rural China. A household’s social ties in the region of origin, which we refer to as local social capital, may deter migration, because local social capital is location specific and an individual cannot benefit from it if s/he migrates. In view of Chinese gift-giving culture, we use household expenses on wedding gifts for family members outside household, relatives and friends as a proxy for local social networks. Based on the data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, we find that in rural China local social networks have a significantly negative effect on migration. The IV results suggest that a 10% increase in wedding gifts expenses results in roughly a 1.1 percentage points decrease in migration probability.
Comparative Study of Surgical Treatment and Nonsurgical Follow Up for Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Radiological and Clinical Evaluation

Study Design. A prospective clinical study of factors related to myelopathy deterioration caused by thoracic myelopathy because of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL). Objective. The objective of the study was to investigate factors related to myelopathy deterioration caused by T-OPLL. Summary of Background Data. Detailed analyses of factors related to myelopathy deterioration caused by T-OPLL have not been reported. Methods. Twenty-two patients (group O) received observation therapy because of the absence of or mild myelopathy, which was defined as walking unaided or with support, and a Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score above 7 points; and 24 patients (group S) were treated with posterior decompression and fusion with instrumentation. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), and JOA score were obtained for all patients. Radiologically, the T-OPLL level, number of T-OPLLs, canal diameter ratio (CDR), morphology, ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF), and cervical OPLL were examined on reconstructed CT, and the presence of hyperintense areas (HIAs) on T2-weighted sagittal MR images. Results. In total, the patients included 22 males and 24 females and had an age range from 18 to 80 years. Sex, DM, JOA score in each domain, OPLL location, OPLL number, CDR of OPLL, morphology, OLF, and cervical OPLL did not differ significantly between groups N and S. However, cases in group N had a significantly higher age, lower weight, lower BMI, lower discontinuous rate on sagittal CT, and a lower HIA rate on MRI. Postoperatively, discontinuous segments connected and became continuous across the disc space in all patients in group S without progression of OPLL thickness. Conclusion. Age, weight, BMI, discontinuity between rostral and caudal OPLL lesions, and occurrence of a high intensity area on MRI are likely to be associated with development of myelopathy. Level of Evidence: 3
Social media: open innovation in SMEs finds new support

Purpose The exchange of knowledge in social networks is fundamental to innovation. Open, interactive, innovation requires collaboration through social networks. This social networking is increasingly carried out across the Internet through social media applications. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of social media in open innovation, and explain how this practice is carried out in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). With less resources than large firms, SMEs both have a greater need for open innovation and a less resources to invest in the process. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors study the case of open innovation in start-up Aurea Productiva and induce a framework for open innovation in SMEs powered by social media. Findings The authors explore how the main advantages of the Web 2.0 translate into opportunities, challenges and strategies for open innovation that can be directly applied by managers. Research limitations/implications The authors contribute to research on open innovation by social media and to research on the innovation process of SMEs. Future quantitative research could confirm and extend the authors’ findings. Practical implications Companies that want to fully exploit the benefits of social media can create a strategy that emphasizes coevolution of innovation and resources, sharing their vision and objectives and providing a framework for innovation. Originality/value The authors introduce an original analysis of opportunities, challenges and strategies for open innovation in SMEs.
Outcome measures in intervention trials for adults with autism spectrum disorders; a systematic review of assessments of core autism features and associated emotional and behavioural problems

A systematic review was conducted of outcome measures used in treatment trials for older adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Of 818 titles only 30 articles (19 of which involved pharmacological treatments) were identified that met inclusion criteria (sample size > 5; mean age of group > 15 years; mean IQ > 30; ASD diagnosis confirmed; use of objective ASD outcome measures; focus on symptoms core to or typically associated with ASDs). Selected studies included randomized and placebo‐controlled trials, retrospective assessment studies, case series and open label or case‐control trials. Use of outcome measures varied with frequent use of non‐standardized assessments, very little use of measures designed specifically for individuals with ASD or of instruments focusing on core ASD deficits, such as communication or social functioning. Most commonly used were the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) rating scale and the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS). The strengths or deficiencies of the outcome measures used were not systematically evaluated.
Tribological characteristics of enamel-dental material contacts investigated in vitro.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate wear and friction behaviour of tooth enamel against selected dental restorative materials. METHODS The experimental material was obtained under simulated mastication, during which human tooth enamel was sub- jected to friction and wear in contact with composite dental materials: Estelite Sigma and FulFil Extra. RESULTS The results have shown that the enamel's resistance to tribological wear is significantly higher than the resistance of the dental materials tested. The microscopic observations of the sample surfaces subsequent to the tribological research as well as the analysis of the chemical composition of the surface layer confirm the existence of diverse tribological wear mechanisms dependent on the type of dental materials used. CONCLUSIONS Composite materials such as Estellite Sigma and FulFil Extra are characterized by greater resistance to wear and are less destructive to enamel than the material investigated by the authors earlier. It has also been stated that the spherical shape of the filler particles (Estellite Sigma) has a beneficial effect in reducing enamel wear.
Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of the Geriatric Depression Scale in Turkish Elderly: Are There Different Factor Structures for Different Cultures?

The purpose of this study was to examine the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) translated into Turkish for its reliability, discriminant validity, and factor structure in a sample of 276 community-dwelling elderly and 30 patients with major depression. One item (Item 5) was discovered to have conceptual difficulty for Turkish elderly and was transformed to negative form. Item 2 was transformed to positive form to keep the number of positive and negative items equal to that in the original GDS. A reasonable time stability with 1-week interval (r:.74) and a high level of internal consistency (α = .91) were observed. Student's t test resulted in a significant discriminant validity for the scale total score. Factor study with principal component analysis and varimax rotation gave rise to a structure with seven factors. Results of the same analysis with two factors were found to be easier to interpret. The first factor was composed of 19 items reflecting “depressive affect and thought content. ” The other 11 items representing “decrease in motivation and cognitive functions” loaded in the second factor. In conclusion, the Turkish GDS was found to have reasonable time reliability, high internal consistency, and discriminant validity for Turkish elderly. Its two-factor structure can be used as an informative instrument for epidemiological studies, reflecting two main dimensions of depression in the elderly.
Global aggregation of newly translated proteins in an Escherichia coli strain deficient of the chaperonin GroEL

In a newly isolated temperature-sensitive lethal Escherichia coli mutant affecting the chaperonin GroEL, we observed wholesale aggregation of newly translated proteins. After temperature shift, transcription, translation, and growth slowed over two to three generations, accompanied by filamentation and accretion (in ≈2% of cells) of paracrystalline arrays containing mutant chaperonin complex. A biochemically isolated inclusion body fraction contained the collective of abundant proteins of the bacterial cytoplasm as determined by SDS/PAGE and proteolysis/MS analyses. Pulse–chase experiments revealed that newly made proteins, but not preexistent ones, were recruited to this insoluble fraction. Although aggregation of “stringent” GroEL/GroES-dependent substrates may secondarily produce an “avalanche” of aggregation, the observations raise the possibility, supported by in vitro refolding experiments, that the widespread aggregation reflects that GroEL function supports the proper folding of a majority of newly translated polypeptides, not just the limited number indicated by interaction studies and in vitro experiments.
Personality, ability, marriage and the gender wage gap: Evidence from Germany

This study investigates the interplay between personality traits, cognitive ability, marriage and the gender wage gap for West Germany by using data from the GSOEP. The findings indicate that personality traits in the form of the five factors of personality account for 11% of the total gender wage gap, while ability does not have an effect on the wage differential. There also seems to be a strong and significant marriage premium for men. Comparing unmarried men to unmarried women, a gender wage gap of 4.7 log points remains. This study also takes selection into the labor market into account, which hardly changes the results.
The natural phosphoinositide derivative glycerophosphoinositol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory and thrombotic responses

Inflammatory responses are elicited through lipid products of phospholipase A2 activity that acts on the membrane phospholipids, including the phosphoinositides, to form the proinflammatory arachidonic acid and, in parallel, the glycerophosphoinositols. Here, we investigate the role of the glycerophosphoinositol in the inflammatory response. We show that it is part of a negative feedback loop that limits proinflammatory and prothrombotic responses in human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. This inhibition is exerted both on the signaling cascade initiated by the lipopolysaccharide with the glycerophosphoinositol-dependent decrease in IκB kinase α/β, p38, JNK, and Erk1/2 kinase phosphorylation and at the nuclear level with decreased NF-κB translocation and binding to inflammatory gene promoters. In a model of endotoxemia in the mouse, treatment with glycerophosphoinositol reduced TNF-α synthesis, which supports the concept that glycerophosphoinositol inhibits the de novo synthesis of proinflammatory and prothrombotic compounds and might thus have a role as an endogenous mediator in the resolution of inflammation. As indicated, this effect of glycerophosphoinositol can also be exploited in the treatment of manifestations of severe inflammation by exogenous administration of the compound.
Factors Affecting Gallstone Recurrence After Successful Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Ninety-six patients treated successively for symptomatic cholelithiasis with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and oral bile acid therapy consisting of ursodeoxycholic acid in daily dosages of 600 mg were prospectively followed for gallstone recurrence for a median of 13 months. Ultrasonography was performed to detect stone recurrence at 3, 6, and 12 months, and then yearly after the termination of therapy. Recurrent stones were found in 17 patients (18%). The cumulative probability of gallstone recurrence was 15.8% at 12 months, 26.1% at 24 months, and 30.7% at 36 months. The probability of stone recurrence over the entire period of observation was not dependent on stone number, whereas the median interval to detection of recurrence was significantly shorter in the patients with multiple stones (2 months) than in those with solitary stones (8 months) (p < 0.05). The rate of impaired gallbladder contractility was higher in patients with recurrence (8/15, 53.3%) when compared with those with no recurrence (15/72, 20.8%) (p < 0.01). Neither age, gender, or stone characteristics predicted stone recurrence. Only one patient with a recurrence reported biliary pain. Of the 15 patients with recurrent stones who opted for further nonsurgical treatment, complete stone disappearance was achieved in 10. Impaired gallbladder function may predict gallstone recurrence after ESWL.
Social Desirability, Opportunism and Actual Support for Farmers’ Market Organisations in Ethiopia

Abstract One of the striking issues in the literature on farmers’ market organisations (FMOs) is that farmers generally report quite positive opinions regarding the services of their FMO, while, at the same time, actual sales reveal a much more reserved attitude. We argue that farmers may feel social and/or opportunistic pressure to express positive opinions concerning the FMO, to donors and policy-makers, which are not necessarily in line with their actions. This article proposes a list experiment method to control for this bias. The method shows that especially farmers who express strong support for the FMO seriously hesitate to speak freely.
Domestic violence experienced by women attending an accident and emergency department.

The aim of the study was to establish the extent and severity of domestic violence experienced by women attending the accident and emergency department of a large teaching hospital in Newcastle. The data were collected over a five-week period in 1992. All women between 17 and 80 years, attending the emergency or ambulatory areas between 8 a.m. and midnight, were asked to complete a confidential structured interview. A total of 401 women participated in the study, representing 82 per cent of eligible women approached. Each participant was asked if she had ever been physically hurt by someone close to her. Questions were asked to determine the relationship to the perpetrator, the type and cause of injury, treatment necessary and help sought. Seven (1.7 per cent, 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 0.46 to 3.02) of the women surveyed were attending the hospital as a direct result of an incident of domestic violence, and 100 women (25 per cent, CI 21 to 29) had experienced domestic violence at some time. Bruising, fractures and cuts were the most common forms of injury, with the most common locations being the head, face and chest. Weapons, such as guns and knives, were used in 20 per cent of the incidents. A considerable number of the women (68 per cent) did not seek help at the time of their injuries. As a substantial proportion of women have experienced domestic violence in their lives, accident and emergency workers should receive training in recognising and assisting victims of domestic violence.
Pyridoxamine: The Many Virtues of a Maillard Reaction Inhibitor

Abstract: Pyridoxamine (PM) is one of three natural forms of vitamin B6. It is a critical transient intermediate in catalysis of transamination reactions by vitamin B6‐dependent enzymes. The discovery eight years ago that PM can inhibit the Maillard reaction stimulated new interest in this B6 vitamer as a prospective pharmacological agent for treatment of complications of diabetes. PM application in diabetic nephropathy has now progressed to a phase III clinical trial. Investigation of the PM mechanism of action demonstrated that PM inhibits post‐Amadori steps of the Maillard reaction by sequestering catalytic metal ions and blocking oxidative degradation of Amadori intermediate. PM also has the capacity to scavenge toxic carbonyl products of sugar and lipid degradation, and to inhibit reactive oxygen species. These multiple activities position PM as a promising drug candidate for treatment of multifactorial chronic conditions in which oxidative reactions and/or carbonyl compounds confer pathogenicity.
A retrospective review of the effectiveness of recombinant human TSH as a preparation for radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation.

UNLABELLED Radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) is frequently used after a thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma because it has been reported to reduce the number of local recurrences and to increase overall survival. Although the traditional method of preparation for RRA is thyroid hormone withdrawal, several physicians at our medical center have offered the option of having RRA after preparation by recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin; TSH) over the past 2 y. During this same time period, other patients at our center were prepared for RRA by hormone withdrawal. METHODS We took this opportunity to retrospectively review the rate of complete remnant ablation in patients having RRA after hormone withdrawal compared with those having RRA after recombinant human TSH. Only patients who had RRA after January 1, 1999, and follow-up diagnostic studies at our medical center, were included in the analysis. A successful ablation was defined as no visible radioiodine uptake on the follow-up diagnostic scans, performed with 185 MBq (5 mCi) (131)I. The 2 groups had comparable patient and tumor characteristics and received similar ablative activities of (131)I. RESULTS We found that 84% of those prepared by recombinant human TSH, and 81% of those prepared by hormone withdrawal, had complete resolution of visible thyroid bed uptake after RRA (P = not significant). CONCLUSION Given the biases that exist in retrospective studies, we cannot yet recommend RRA preparation by recombinant human TSH for routine use. However, these preliminary findings are favorable enough to support the design of a prospective randomized trial comparing RRA success rates after preparation by either thyroid hormone withdrawal or recombinant human TSH.
Citizen and Open Government: An Empirical Analysis of Antecedents of Open Government Data

ABSTRACT Given the lack of empirical research investigating citizens’ use of open government, this study examines the antecedents of citizens’ use of open government data. Based on technology acceptance and motivation theory, this article proposes and empirically tests a research model, applying structural equation modeling to survey data collected from 210 citizens. The findings show that ease of use, usefulness, intrinsic motivation, and Internet competence significantly determine citizens’ intention to use open government data. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of citizens’ attitudes and behavior in the context of open government and offers implications for research and practice.
A Prediction Model to Help with the Assessment of Adenopathy in Lung Cancer: HAL

Rationale: Estimating the probability of finding N2 or N3 (prN2/3) malignant nodal disease on endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can facilitate the selection of subsequent management strategies. Objectives: To develop a clinical prediction model for estimating the prN2/3. Methods: We used the AQuIRE (American College of Chest Physicians Quality Improvement Registry, Evaluation, and Education) registry to identify patients with NSCLC with clinical radiographic stage T1‐3, N0‐3, M0 disease that had EBUS‐TBNA for staging. The dependent variable was the presence of N2 or N3 disease (vs. N0 or N1) as assessed by EBUS‐TBNA. Univariate followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop a parsimonious clinical prediction model to estimate prN2/3. External validation was performed using data from three other hospitals. Measurements and Main Results: The model derivation cohort (n = 633) had a 25% prevalence of malignant N2 or N3 disease. Younger age, central location, adenocarcinoma histology, and higher positron emission tomography‐computed tomography N stage were associated with a higher prN2/3. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.82‐0.89), model fit was acceptable (Hosmer‐Lemeshow, P = 0.62; Brier score, 0.125). We externally validated the model in 722 patients. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.85‐0.90). Calibration using the general calibration model method resulted in acceptable goodness of fit (Hosmer‐Lemeshow test, P = 0.54; Brier score, 0.132). Conclusions: Our prediction rule can be used to estimate prN2/3 in patients with NSCLC. The model has the potential to facilitate clinical decision making in the staging of NSCLC.