Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ultrastructure of fossil dispersed monosulcate pollen from the Early Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia

Abstract The general morphology, surface sculpturing, and exine ultrastructure have been studied in dispersed monosulcate pollen from the Early Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia. The pollen grains dominate the palynological assemblage extracted from coal deposits of the Khilok Formation in the Buryat Republic, which also contain ginkgoalean leaves of Baierella averianovii as the only constituent of the assemblage of plant megafossils. The relationship between the pollen grains and ginkgoalean leaves from this autochthonous burial is hypothesised on the basis of taphonomical analysis and palaeobiogeographical data. It is shown that the ectexine of the pollen grains includes a thick solid tectum, a thin granular infratectum and a thin foot layer; the endexine is fine-grained, slightly more electron-dense than the ectexine, and is preserved only in places. The distal aperture is formed by a thinning of the exine. No analogous ultrastructure has been described so far in fossil pollen grains of this morphotype studied ultrastructurally from in situ material. For comparison, we also studied the exine ultrastructure of pollen grains Ginkgo biloba. The fossil pollen is not identical to pollen of extant G. biloba, but shows several significant similarities in the exine ultrastructure, which does not contradict the presumable ginkgoalean affinity of the fossil pollen.
Climate change impacts on runoff in Sweden assessments by global climate models, dynamical downscaling and hydrological modelling

The Swedish regional climate modelling programme, SWECLIM, started in 1997 with the main goal being to produce regional climate change scenarios over the Nordic area on a time scale of 50 to 100 yr. An additional goal is to produce water resources scenarios with a focus on hydropower production, dam safety, water supply and environmental aspects of water resources. The scenarios are produced by a combination of global climate models (GCMs), regional climate models and hydrological runoff models. The GCM simulations used thus far are 10 yr time slices from 2 different GCMs, UKMO HadCM2 from the Hadley Centre and the ECHAM4/OPYC3 of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. The regional climate model is a modified version of the international HIRLAM forecast model and the hydrological model is the HBV model developed at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Scenarios of river runoff have been simulated for 6 selected basins covering the major climate regions in Sweden. Changes in runoff totals, runoff regimes and extreme values have been analysed with a focus on the uncertainties introduced by the choice of GCM and routines for estimation of evapotranspiration in the hydrological model. It is further shown how these choices affect the statistical return periods of future extremes in a design situation.
What Role does Prejudice Play in Moral Decision-Making?

In order to further examine the role contextual factors play in the moral decision-making process, such as socio-economic status (SES), a preliminary pilot study was conducted by the author (CGB). Twenty college students from New York City were asked to morally reason about a series of short vignettes, which were based on research by Miller & Bersoff (1995). The results of the pilot study showed some preliminary evidence that prejudice may impact the moral reasoning of the respondent. This suggests that people may respond to the same situation in different ways, depending on the SES of the individuals involved. I propose to expand on the aforementioned pilot study. In addition, I will use Allport's (1954) term of "nouns that cut slices" to help define prejudice. Allport uses the term to describe the labels we use to categorize and organize groups of people. My assumption for the purpose of this study will be that every person has prejudices that are implicit in their worldview. Although the word "prejudice" often carries a negative meaning, for my purposes it is merely a way of saying that each person sees and interacts with the world in a distinct way.
Athens Military Command in the Last Third of the IV-III Centuries BC

The relevance of the studied problem is caused by a keen interest in antique military history and insufficient attention to the history of Athens and its military organization during the Hellenistic period. The aim of the article is to study Athens military command and identify the changes in the military command of the policy in the last third of the IV-III centuries BC. The major method of the research is a comparative and historical method allowing to consider the system of Athens military command and the changes in the last third of the IV-III centuries BC. It is based on the analysis of various sources. The article reveals: the structure of Athens military command, an election order of command positions, responsibilities of military leaders; the changes happening in the system of Athens military command during the defined chronological period. The results of the research can be useful in the further scientific researches connected with a military history of Athens and Ancient Greece, while developing special courses, manuals and reference books on the corresponding studies.
An Investigation into the Relationship between Metacognitive Reading Awareness and Reading Comprehension of Iranian EFL learners

Using appropriate reading strategies is influential in reading comprehension. In this study an attempt has been made to compare the metcognitive awareness of the reading strategies of proficient EFL students with that of less-proficient EFL learners. In addition, the current study tried to find the possible correlation between metacognitive awareness and reading comprehension. In order to accomplish this, 107 Iranian EFL learners studying English in two language institutes in Shiraz were selected through simple two-stage cluster sampling. Participants were all between 21-25 years old (both male and female). A Proficiency Test (Toefl test of Tarbiat Modares University) was administered to ensure the homogeneity of the subjects and to divide them into two proficiency levels according to their scores. Then, a reading comprehension test was given to the subjects to be completed in order to assess their reading ability in English. Soon after this, they were given a questionnaire of reading metacognitive awareness. Pearson Product Moment correlation was employed to find out if there was a statistically significant relationship between Iranian EFL learners' reading ability and metacognitive awareness. And a t-test was run to find whether the two groups differ significantly or not. The results of the study suggested a negative sig- nificant correlation between EFL learners' metacognitive awareness and their reading comprehension scores. In addition, it was found that there was no significant difference between high and low proficient subjects in terms of their metacognitive
The Flipped Classroom Teaching Model and Its Use for Information Literacy Instruction

The flipped classroom, a teaching method that delivers lecture content to students at home through electronic means and uses class time for practical application activities, may be useful for information literacy instruction. This article describes many of the characteristics of the flipped classroom teaching model, illustrated with examples from current higher education and library instruction literature. Pedagogical benefits of the model are highlighted along with potential challenges to its use.
Modelling the inner disc of the Milky Way with manifolds - I. A first step

We study the bar-driven dynamics in the inner part of the Milky Way by using invariant manifolds. This theory has been successfully applied to describe the morphology and kinematics of rings and spirals in external galaxies, and now, for the first time, we apply it to the Milky Way. In particular, we compute the orbits confined by the invariant manifolds of the unstable periodic orbits located at the ends of the bar. We start by discussing whether the COBE/Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) bar and the Long bar compose a single bar or two independent bars and perform a number of comparisons which, taken together, argue strongly in favour of the former. More specifically, we favour the possibility that the so-called COBE/DIRBE bar is the boxy/peanut bulge of a bar whose outer thin parts are the so-called Long bar. This possibility is in good agreement both with observations of external galaxies, with orbital structure theory and with simulations. We then analyse in detail the morphology and kinematics given by five representative Galactic potentials. Two of these have a Ferrers bar, two have a quadrupole bar and the last one a composite bar. We first consider only the COBE/DIRBE bar and then extend it to include the effect of the Long bar. We find that the large-scale structure given by the manifolds describes an inner ring, whose size is similar to the near and far 3-kpc arm, and an outer ring, whose properties resemble those of the Galactic Molecular Ring. We also analyse the kinematics of these two structures, under the different Galactic potentials, and find they reproduce the relevant overdensities found in the galactic longitude-velocity CO diagram. Finally, we consider for what model parameters, the global morphology of the manifolds may reproduce the two outer spiral arms. We conclude that this would necessitate either more massive and more rapidly rotating bars, or including in the potential an extra component describing the spiral arms.
Diversity and distribution of the Gastropoda Opisthobranchia from the Atlantic Ocean: A global biogeographic approach

A zoogeographic study of the Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Atlantic Ocean was carried out. Data on Opisthobranch occurrence were collated from literature records and databases. An estimated 1066 species were considered for this study, which belonged to the orders Cephalaspidea, Anaspidea, Sacoglossa, Notaspidea and Nudibranchia. Biogeographical patterns were analysed using cluster analysis (TWINSPAN) and ordination MDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling program). The richness of opisthobranchs increases from polar to tropical regions along Atlantic shores. The cluster analysis showed that there is a latitudinal and longitudinal separation of the biogeographical areas. The amphiatlantic species can be separated into four groups according to their distribution: G1.1. - the geographic range of species is limited to cold water on both sides of the Atlantic; G1.2. - species with geographic ranges limited to the western Arctic and Boreal regions, with a wide distribution in the eastern Atlantic, from the eastern Arctic or the eastern Boreal region to the Lusitanian and Mediterranean provinces; G2.1. - species with geographic ranges limited to the Caribbean and Mauritanian-Senegalese areas; G2.2. - species with a wide geographical distribution along both Atlantic shores.
Impact of chlorides, nitrates, sulfates and phosphates on increased limestone dissolution in the karst vadose zone (Postojna Cave, Slovenia)

Distinctive karst hydrology arises from a combination of high carbonate rock solubility and well developed secondary porosity (fissures). Soil CO 2 is the most important influence on solubility of carbonate rock (Ford & Williams 2007). Human activity on the karst surface results in pollution that has an important influence on water quality. Degradation of organic pollution (e.g. waste water, leachates from landfill sites) results in inorganic acids too. These acids could have an important additional influence on dissolution of carbonate rocks in the vadose zone. In the framework of more than 20 years of research on precipitation percolation and transfer of contaminants (direct outflow of waste water from a small military facility where about twenty troops were stationed) through the 100-m thick vadose zone of Postojna Cave, contaminated water was observed in drips and trickles in the cave (up to 60 mg Cl - /l, up to 180 mg NO 3- /l, up to 2.8 mg PO 43- /l, and up to 50 mg SO 42- /l). At the same time the sum of calcium and magnesium (Ca+Mg) of trickles was up to two times larger than the Ca+Mg of either the uncontaminated reference trickle or the input waste water. The amount of dissolved limestone carried by waste water to trickles and drips in the cave was directly proportional to the concentration of contaminant anions present. This demonstrates that there is an accelerated widening of fissures below source points of wastewater. Water with contaminants can penetrate faster and deeper into the vadose zone along the increasingly permeable fissures without losing its dissolving power, and thus significant dissolution occurs ever deeper in the vadose zone. This results in ever faster penetration of contaminants through the vadose zone. In the final phase of such development, which takes many decades or longer, relatively rapid transfer of contaminants through the aquifer all the way to karst springs with minimal self-cleansing effects can be expected.
Will They Stay or Will They Go? The role of HR practices for the creation of voluntary employee turnover

Voluntary employee turnover is an issue that has received extensive attention among top management and human resource professionals. As a response to this problem, organizations develop various HR practices that aim to enhance the retention attitudes among employees. In particular, retaining employees is argued to be crucial within the management consulting sector, which is a knowledge-intensive industry. Although, a gap has been found in previous research, concerning the investigation of the issue of voluntary employee turnover despite the presence of HR practices. Furthermore, there is a lack of research within the field of voluntary employee turnover that investigates this process in practice. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the role of HR practices for the creation of voluntary employee turnover within a management consulting firm. This article is based on a case study conducted at a business area within a Swedish management consulting firm that experiences a high level of voluntary employee turnover, despite the use of HR practices. The result indicates that HR practices, through their use in practice, not only are the solution but could also be a contributing cause to the creation of voluntary employee turnover, due to both an including and excluding character.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT-CREDIT RELATIONSHIP IN TURKEY

With the latest global financial crisis, the debate about the role of credit in affecting output has intensified. In this respect, it has become necessary to investigate output-credit relationship for Turkey. In this paper, we aim to analyze the empirical relationship between output and credit by employing different econometric techniques. First, we employed cross correlation, regression and VAR analysis. Following this, we used Bounds test approach in order to investigate cointegration relationship between output and credit. Then, ARDL approach is employed with the purpose of investigating the long and short- term static relationship between output and credit. The results show that output leads credit in Turkey. Credit responds significantly to an output shock, but not vice versa. According to Bounds Test results, we have found a significant long run cointegration relationship between output and credit. ARDL model results show that credit coefficients are not significant but error correction mechanism works.
Testing forest ecosystem management in boreal mixedwoods of northwestern Quebec: initial response of aspen stands to different levels of harvesting

The SAFE (sylviculture et amenagement forestiers ecosystemique) project was set up in 1998 in the Lake Duparquet Research and Teaching Forest to test stand-level silvicultural treatments designed to reflect different aspects of natural forest dynamics. In the winter of 1998-1999, four levels of forest harvesting, including a no-harvest and a clearcut treatment, were applied to even-aged trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands according to a com- plete block design with three replications. Two partial cut treatments removed 33% and 61% of the stand basal area. During the first growing season, harvesting induced a large increase in indigenous understorey biomass that paralleled changes in the canopy opening. Aspen sucker density increased from 4916 stems/ha in the control to 28 751 and 63 333 stems/ha in the one-third and two-thirds harvesting treatments and 102 916 stems/ha in the clearcut. Most changes in nutrient cycling occurred in the second year and included an increase in forest floor organic C, total N, and base cation availability and a decrease in microbial C/N ratio. These changes may have occurred in response to re-
Impact of Adoption of Pen Culture Technology on Well-Being of Fishers of Haribhanga Wetland in Assam

Assam is endowed with copious aquatic wealth in the form of beels, swamps, ponds and rivers. The floodplain wetlands (beels), extending over one lakh hectare, constitute the most important fishery resource and is most suitable for culture based fishery development. Haribhanga Beel is located in Nagaon district having water area of 125 ha. Earning of sixty four fisher families depends on fishing in this beel. The data was collected using structured questionnaire and focused group discussion with the fisher. An impact pathway was developed for studying the impact of technology intervention on the production and productivity of floodplain wetland and the consequent improvement on the well-being of the fishers. After the adoption of pen culture technology, annual fish production of the wetland was increased significantly from 37000 kg in 2002-03 to 131250kg in 2006-07. The productivity was also increased from 296 kg ha-1 yr-1 in 2002-03 to 1050 kg ha-1 yr-1. Apart from the increase in the income of lessee, there was substantial increase in the income of other fishers. The benefit cost ratio of fisheries in Haribhanga beel was 3.23. The direct impact of adoption of CIFRI technology has been seen in increase in the fish production and productivity of the floodplain wetlands of Assam, which directly helped in raising the income of the fisher household and livelihood security. The indirect impact of adoption of this technology can be seen in the increase of total fish productivity from the wetlands and increase in the per capita fish availability in the state. This impact study also provided the information on the technology profitability and its effect on household income.
Technology Adoption and Women Entrepreneurial Behaviour: Case of Agro-Allied Businesses in Rural South Western Nigerian Communities

Women entrepreneurs rely heavily on traditional techniques of production in agro-allied enterprises such as garri and palm oil processing in southwestern rural communities in Nigeria. Focus was on (1) assessing the appropriateness of available technology on garri and palm oil processing, and (2) analyzing the response of grassroots women entrepreneurs to adopting improved technology. Technology Adoption Model (TAM) was employed to explain the attitude of these women entrepreneurs towards technology adoption. The factors identified as having direct impact on women’s behaviour towards adoption of appropriate technology are educational level, marital status, access to finance and raw material. These guided the design of data collection structure which was captured using pre-visit to study communities, partially structured questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD). The findings that emerged from this study clearly indicate that most rural women entrepreneurs are reluctant in adopting improved technology and this is largely affected by their educational level and marital status. The study recommended some strategies to overcoming the reluctance of the women entrepreneurs towards adopting improved technologies for their food processing. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to deal with the women entrepreneurs’ perception about improved technology for food processing to enhance their adoption and thereby increase their performance and their economic empowerment.
Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: the colour–density relation at fixed stellar mass persists to z∼ 1

We use data drawn from the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey to investigate the relationship between local galaxy density, stellar mass and rest-frame galaxy colour. At z∼ 0.9, we find that the shape of the stellar mass function at the high-mass [ log 10(M*/h−2 M⊙) > 10.1] end depends on the local environment, with high-density regions favouring more massive systems. Accounting for this stellar mass–environment relation (i.e. working at fixed stellar mass), we find a significant colour–density relation for galaxies with 10.6 1.
Comparison of qualitative and quantitative traits of some Advanced breeding lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

Field trials and laboratory experiments were conducted on six advanced breeding lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) between 2004 and 2006 to genetically assess the organoleptic properties of the tomato lines, determine the relationships among tomato traits using correlation analysis and to estimate the fruit yield potential of the tomato lines. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Planting was done on four-row plots of 8 x 5 m using intra row spacing of 60 x 50 cm to obtain a plant population of 33,333 per ha. The results show that agronomic traits such as plant height, fruit weight and fruit yield differed significantly from one line to another, while significant differences exist in their organoleptic properties such as percentage titratable acid, organic acids, sugars and dry matter contents. Fruit yield ranged from 11.0 Mg/ha (CLN 1462B) to 30.0 Mg/ha (Manuella). The highest correlation coefficient (r=0.99) was found in the relationship between fruit weight and fruit yield. Titratable acids was highly and positively correlated with dry matter content, citric acid and malic acid, while malic acid among others was negatively and significantly correlated with fructose, glucose and pH. Key words: Advanced tomato lines, Organoleptic properties, qualitative traits, correlation coefficients biochemical properties.