Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional and antinutritional evaluation of indigenous Ethiopian Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus ) seed accessions

Okra, of high nutritional potential, is one of the underutilized indigenous vegetables in Ethiopia. A food based-intervention specifically dietary diversification is an affordable and sustainable strategy to meet the demand of adequate food supply and population growth. One way of ensuring dietary diversity is to search and promote underutilized indigenous plant species such as okra. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine nutritional and anti-nutritional factors content of the seeds of eight okra accessions (OPA#1, OPA#2, OPA#3, OPA#4, OPA#5, OPA#6, OPA#7 and OPA#8) grown at Assosa Agricultural Research Center in Benishangul Gumuz region, Ethiopia. Molar ratios of the seeds were also calculated and compared to the critical values to predict the mineral bioavailability. All the analyses were conducted using official standard procedures and grade standard reagents. The results of this study revealed that the proximate composition (g/100 g) of the seed accessions varied significantly (P<0.05) and had respective ranges for moisture content 9.27-12.70, crude protein 22.51-38.09, crude fat 18.64-36.84, crude fibre 1.94-5.96, crude ash 4.53-6.05, utilizable carbohydrate 18.69-37.77 and metabolisable energy 324.88-423.84 kcal/100g. The mineral composition (mg/100g) also varied significantly (P<0.05) with range of calcium 66.37 to 103.66, iron 8.33 to 20.29, potassium 90.00 to 187.92, zinc 3.92 to 6.42, phosphorus 16.94 to 1497.23 and sodium 15.06 to 27.81. The seeds of accession of OPA#6 contained high amounts of crude protein and fat, whereas OPA#8 was high in calcium, iron and potassium. The range of phytate, tannin and oxalate content (mg/100g) of the seed of okra accessions ranged from 0.39 to 0.46, 0.71 to 3.78, 0.74 to 0.75, respectively. The calculated molar ratios of phytate:calcium, phytate:iron, phytate:zinc, oxalate:calcium and phytate*calcium/zinc were 0.0025 to 0.0037, 0.0017 to 0.0041, 0.0063 to 0.106, 0.0020 to 0.0051 and 0.0140 to 0.0175, respectively, below the critical value, indicating high bioavailability of calcium, iron and zinc in all accessions. The results of this study revealed that seeds of okra contain appreciable amounts of essential nutrients and are low in anti-nutrient content implying high mineral bioavailability. Hence, increasing the production and consumption of these nutrient rich underutilized okra seeds could help in food fortification, dietary diversification and alleviation of problems associated with malnutrition in the country. Key words : Okra, Seed, Accession, Proximate composition, Minerals, Anti-nutritional factors
The Effects of Postprandial Walking on Glycemic Control in Adults at Risk for Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Studies have shown that postprandial hyperglycemia is a risk factor for developing diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular disease. Herein is the systematic evaluation of whether postprandial light walking will reduce and delay the increase in postprandial plasma glucose level. Methods: An exhaustive electronic search of Medline-OVID, CINAHL, and EBMR Multifile was conducted using the following keywords: postprandial period, postmeal, blood glucose, walking, and motor activity. Inclusion criteria included all study designs. The search was narrowed down to the English language and studies on humans. Studies were eligible if they included human adults, had clearly defined controls, had prognostically balanced intervention and control groups, evaluated postprandial walking, and measured blood glucose levels. Relevant articles were assessed for quality using the Grading for Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Two studies were included in this review. Both studies were crossover study trials that examined the effects of postprandial walking on post meal plasma glucose levels. Overall, the trials included impaired glucose tolerant elderly men and women and middle-age diabetic-prone Pakistani women immigrants. The physical activities performed post meal included 20 and 40 minutes of light walking, 45 minutes sustained treadmill walking, and 15 minutes of treadmill walking after each meal. All the crossover trials demonstrated that walking post meal reduced the rise in postprandial blood glucose. Conclusion: These results suggest that even low intensity physical activity such as walking can be beneficial in blunting and delaying the rise in postprandial plasma glucose. Moreover, 15 minutes of walking performed after each meal has the same effect as 45 minutes of sustained walking performed once a day. The studies in this review, however, are crossover studies with small sample sizes and are considered as very low quality on the GRADE scale. More evidence from a larger, well-designed randomized control trial is needed in order to validate this recommendation to the general population.
Results from the intercalibration of optical low light calibration sources 2011

Following the 38th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods in Siuntio in Finland, an intercalibration workshop for optical low light calibration sources was held in Sodankyla, Finland. The main purpose of this workshop was to provide a comparable scale for absolute measurements of aurora and airglow. All sources brought to the intercalibration workshop were compared to the Fritz Peak reference source using the Lindau Calibration Photometer built by Wilhelm Barke and Hans Lauche in 1984. The results were compared to several earlier intercalibration workshops. It was found that most sources were fairly stable over time, with errors in the range of 5–25%. To further validate the results, two sources were also intercalibrated at UNIS, Longyearbyen, Svalbard. Preliminary analysis indicates agreement with the intercalibration in Sodankyla within about 15–25%.
Morphological and hematological parameters of Carassius Gibelio ( Pisces: Gyprinidae ) in conditions of anthropogenic pollution in Southern Bulgaria. Use of hematological parameters as biomarkers

Basic morphological and hematological parameters were studied in adult, sexually mature individuals of Carrasius gibelio living in two rivers with varying degrees and different types of anthropogenic pollution (less disrupted site, domestic sewage pollution and heavy metal pollution) in Southern Bulgaria. The study was conducted on 30 female fish, age 3+ from each site. The results show that in C. gibelio, which inhabit the site with heavy metal pollution, the morphological parameters BW and FCF have the lowest statistically significant values. Specimens of C. gibelio from the river site with domestic sewage pollution have the following hematological profiles: erythrocytosis, leukocytosis and hyperchromia, differential leukocyte count: neutrophilia, eosinophilia, monocytosis and lymphocytopenia. Red cell indices (MCH, MCHC and MCV) display the highest statistically significant values. The C. gibelio specimens from the site with heavy metal pollution had the following hematological profiles: erythrocytosis, leukocytopenia and hypоchromia, differential leukocyte count: neutrophilia, eosinophilia, monocytosis and lymphocytopenia. The lowest statistically significant values of red cell indices (MCH, MCHC and MCV) indicate anemic changes of microcytic and hypochromic type. The hematological parameters of C. gibelio are adequate biomarkers of the physiological state of animals and their habitats.
Comparing Time Onsets: Does it Require to Mentally Group Items? A Question Derived From Results in Patients with Schizophernia

Disturbed temporal event-coding has been repeatedly described in schizophrenia and mayrepresent a core impairment in this invalidating pathology. Impairments have been observedespecially when the task involves simultaneity/asynchrony discrimination. In these tasks, twobars are presented left and right from the centre of the screen and subjects decide if barsappear simultaneously or asynchronously. Patients have a difficulty to consciously detect anasynchrony between stimuli, which can be dissociated from a bias effect. Despite this, ourown results and the literature suggest that patients are very sensitive to very-short durationstimuli. This suggests difficult comparison of time-onsets of separate stimuli, rather than anenlarged time window in which all events would be fused in time. This leads to the question ofthe relationship between spatial and temporal event-coding. We will especially discuss thepossibility that comparing time-onsets requires mental grouping of the compared stimuli.
Great Moderation and Great Recession: From Plain Sailing to Stormy Seas?

Many have argued that the Great Recession of 2008 marks the end of the Great Moderation of the eighties and nineties. This paper shows this is not the case through painstaking empirical analysis of the data. Output volatility remains subdued despite the tumult created by the Great Recession. This nding has important implications for policymaking since a lower volatility of output (the hallmark of the Great Moderation) is associated with lower recoveries. JEL classication: C22, E32
A Comparison of the Performances of Coherent Binary-Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) and Offset Quadrature-Phase-Shift Keying (OQPSK) in the Presence of Interference

The performance of offset quadrature-phase-shift keying (OQPSK) in the presence of narrowband and wideband interference signals is considered, assuming perfect carrier synchronization. Narrowband interference is modeled as an unmodulated tone at a given frequency offset and random phase with respect to the desired OQPSK signal. Wideband interference is modeled as another OQPSK signal at a given frequency offset, random phase, and random timing with respect to the desired OQPSK signal, but having the identical data rate. This model is more typical of co-channel interference than that considered in other studies of this subject, where a wideband Gaussian noise was assumed. The results obtained here for OQPSK are compared with analogous results obtained previously by one of the authors for binary-phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) modulation.
A new concept of a higher-order-mode damper for the KAON Booster cavity

A new type of higher-order-mode damper for the ferrite tuned rf cavity for the proposed TRIUMF KAON Factory Booster synchrntron is presented. This HOM damper is in the form of a Z-element coaxial high-pass filter and is appended at the gap of the rf cavity. The design concept and prototype realization of such a filter in coaxial form are outlined Measuremenrs show that higher-order modes up 10 700 MHz are damped significantly, with very little power being absorbed at the fundamental frequency of the ferrite tuned cavity that varies from 46 MHz to 61 MHz.
Antioxidative and Antimelanoma Effects of Various Tea Extracts via a Green Extraction Method

Tea (Camellia sinensis) contains high level of antioxidant elements and is a well-known beverage consumed worldwide. The purpose of this study is to compare different concentrations of green tea, black tea, oolong tea 861, oolong tea 732, and jasmine green tea. These five types of tea extracts were known to have antioxidative properties, reducing power, and metal ion chelating activity. The current study compared these five extracts in terms of their inhibiting effects on human malignant melanoma: A2058 and A375. To determine the cell viability between normal cell and malignant melanoma cells, an MTT assay was applied to evaluate the cytotoxic potential on human melanoma cells, with all tea extracts showing decreased cell viability with increasing tea extract concentrations. Cytotoxicity on HaCat (normal skin cells) showed no effect on the cell viabilities at lower concentrations of the tea extracts. These results suggest the antioxidative effect of five tea extracts that protect against oxidation and melanoma production, with green tea and jasmine green tea showing the lowest cell viability when tested against malignant melanoma cells.
Exploring living arrangements of divorced families in the Netherlands

We aim to gain more insight into the characteristics of divorced families with different types of post-divorce living arrangements, and in particular with co-parenting arrangements in which the child alternates between the parents’ residences. Empirical evidence comes from a mixed- method research, based on survey data from The Netherlands Kinship Panel Study and from Divorce in the Netherlands 1998 and on in-depth interviews with divorced parents. We find that the distance between the places of residence of both ex-partners is particularly important to the type of living arrangement. Parents who have dual careers, are highly educated and have high incomes are more likely to be in a co-parenting arrangement than others. Findings on gender differences are in line with the idea that co-parenting is a sign of increased father involvement but decreased mother involvement compared with the most common arrangement: a weekend-father arrangement. For men, time constraints seem to lead to a smaller likelihood of co-parenting, whereas the opposite is true for women.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF ANIMAL FAT IN THE DIET OF LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGS ON CARCASS AND SENSORY PARAMETERS

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of animal fat in the diet of Large White Yorkshire pigs on carcass and sensory parameters. Twenty weaned Large White Yorkshire piglets were randomly divided into two groups and allotted to the two dietary treatments, T1-control ration as per NRC (1998) and T2-control ration supplemented with five per cent of animal fat. Five animals from each treatment were slaughtered at the end of the experiment to study various carcass parameters, weight of internal organs, physico- chemical parameters and sensory evaluation of meat. There was no significant difference in any of the parameters between two treatments except backfat thickness. The statistical analysis of data showed, that the back fat thickness was higher (P<0.01) in T2 than that of T1. There was no difference between the treatments for any of the weight of internal organs except for lungs and kidneys, which were higher (P<0.05) for T1 than that of T2. The water holding capacity was lower (P<0.05) in T1 compared to T2. On sensory evaluation, there was no difference in colour, whereas flavor, juiciness, tenderness but overall acceptability of meat was better in fat supplemented (T2) group compared to control (T1) group. The results obtained in this study indicated that diet of growing pigs supplemented with five per cent animal fat produced better carcass and sensory characteristics.
Enrichment of Commercially-Prepared Juice With Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Extract as a Source of Antioxidants

Ready-to eat foods meet the demands of a modern lifestyle and the number of people seeking food that is convenient and safe is increasing. The extracts of peels from four different fruits were tested as potential value-added foods to offer to consumers. Physical and chemical analyses of the peel extracts were conducted to measure total phenolic compounds, tannins, phytic acid and antioxidant activity using the 1’-1’Diphenyl-2’picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid methods. The result of screening the antioxidant activity showed that the pomegranate peel had higher activity than the other peels (p<0.05). In addition, flavonoids and vitamin C were measured in the pomegranate peel, and low amounts of these components were found. The pomegranate peel had a high amount of phenolic compounds and high levels of antioxidants, and this peel was used to enrich a commercially-available juice. Furthermore, the sensory evaluation showed no difference between the control and enriched juice. The product was well accepted and feasible from a technological standpoint. Because the waste is rich in bioactive compounds, value is added to the final product, as these antioxidant compounds are known to protect health and improve the quality of life of the consumers.
Theoretical Modeling of Bonding Characteristics and Performance of Wood Composites. Part I. Inter-Element Contact

This is the first of a four-paper series aiming to model fundamental bonding characteristics and performance of wood composites. In this paper, a mathematical model and a computer simulation model are developed to predict the variation of inter-element (strand) contact during mat consolidation. The mathematical predictions and the computer simulations agree well with each other. The results show that the relationship between the inter-element contact and the mat density is highly nonlinear and is significantly affected by the wood density and the element thickness. The effects of the element length and width are less significant. The models imply that use of less dense wood species and thinner strands are beneficial to lower product density while achieving adequate inter-element contact for bonding.
Outsourcing of accounting functions in the context of SMEs in emerging economies: Transaction cost e

This study aims to identify the factors that affect Iranian manufacturing SMEs' decision to outsource accounting functions (activities) using a transaction cost economics (TCE) perspective. Based on a questionnaire survey data of 658 Iranian manufacturing SMEs, this study found support for three TCE predictions, that is, asset specificity, frequency and trust in accountant, which are significantly associated with the accounting function outsourcing intensity. The other two predictors that were examined, that is, behavioral uncertainty and environmental uncertainty, were not significantly associated with accounting function outsourcing intensity. Therefore, we provide a specific, theoretically and empirically grounded prediction of how TCE attributes influences outsourcing of accounting functions with implications for theory and practice.
Own and Sibling Effects of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs : Theory and Evidence from Cambodia

Conditional cash transfers have been adopted by a large number of countries in the past decade. Although the impacts of these programs have been studied extensively, understanding of the economic mechanisms through which cash and conditions affect household decisions remains incomplete. This paper uses evidence from a program in Cambodia, where eligibility varied substantially among siblings in the same household, to illustrate these effects. A model of schooling decisions highlights three different effects of a child-specific conditional cash transfer: an income effect, a substitution effect, and a displacement effect. The model predicts that such a conditional cash transfer will increase enrollment for eligible children - due to all three effects - but have an ambiguous effect on ineligible siblings. The ambiguity arises from the interaction of a positive income effect with a negative displacement effect. These predictions are shown to be consistent with evidence from Cambodia, where the child-specific program makes modest transfers, conditional on school enrollment for children of middle-school age. Scholarship recipients were more than 20 percentage points more likely to be enrolled in school and 10 percentage points less likely to work for pay. However, the school enrollment and work of ineligible siblings was largely unaffected by the program.
Life history traits and spatiotemporal distributional patterns of copepod populations in the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank region

Life history traits play a significant role in determining the spatiotemporal distributional patterns of marine zooplankton, but biological-physical mechanisms controlling the population dynamics need to be further examined. In the present study, we used a coupled biological-physical model to examine the processes controlling the observed distributional patterns of 3 representative copepod populations in the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank region including Pseudocalanus spp. , Cen- tropages typicus and C. hamatus. The model reveals that the shorter generation time of Pseudo- calanus spp. at cold temperatures, together with their egg-carrying strategy, allows an earlier popu- lation development compared to Centropages spp. The model further reveals that predation mortality plays an important role in the decline of Pseudocalanus spp. in the warm season, and that the resting egg strategy is crucial for the persistence of the C. hamatus population in the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank region. Analyses of observational data and model results suggest that temper- ature- and food-dependent egg production and development rates, temporally and spatially varying mortality rates and physical transport are important contributors to the formation of characteristic distributional patterns for the copepod populations in the system.
Phylogeny of Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL—trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of Isodon and related genera using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), cpDNA regions (trnL—trnF region and rps16 intron), and morphological data are presented. The results clarify the relationships among Isodon and its putative related genera and the question of the monophyly of Isodon and its relationship with Siphocranion. Siphocranion is a monophyletic genus and the sister clade to the remaining species; the new subtribe Siphocranioninae of tribe Ocimeae is described to accommodate it. Isodon, as currently circumscribed, is only monophyletic if Skapanthus oreophilus is included in it. Isodon forms a distinct subtribe Isodoninae within tribe Ocimeae and three strongly supported subclades are identified within the genus. In addition, a close relationship between Hanceola and Hyptis is indicated in the combined nrITS + cpDNA data set with Bayesian inference and this is also supported in morphological analyses, but more studies are needed to confirm this relationship. It is evident that subtribe Hanceolinae is polyphyletic as currently defined, so subtribe Hanceolinae is restricted to accommodate Hanceola alone. The relationships between Isodon and other genera within tribe Ocimeae are still unresolved; the newly erected subtribe Isodoninae is a monophyletic group representing a distinct lineage in subtribe Ociminae. The relationships among the species of the largest subclade C of Isodon are still poorly known. Additional studies of this group with additional data and more intensive taxon sampling might help to resolve these issues.
Bacterial spot and blight diseases of ornamental plants caused by different Xanthomonas species in Turkey

Mirik M. , Aysan Y. , Baysal-Gurel F. (2018): Bacterial spot and blight diseases of ornamental plants caused by different Xanthomonas species in Turkey. Plant Protect. Sci., 54: 240–247. Putative strains belonging to Xanthomonas spp. causing leaf spot and blight diseases on geranium (Pelargonium peltatum and P. hortorum), begonia (Begonia × tuberhybrida), anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum), Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), and English ivy (Hedera helix) growing in Turkey were isolated. All bacterial strains were classified as Gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase, levan and starch hydrolysis positive, with hypersensitive reaction positive on tobacco and pathogenic to host plants. Identification of these strains was further confirmed by serological method using ELISA kits, conventional PCR, carbon utilisation, and FAME. Results of the identification showed that 28, 24, 10, 2, and 1 strains were identified as X. axonopodis pv. begoniae, X. hortorum pv. pelargonii, X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, X. hortorum pv. hederae, and Xanthomonas sp. , respectively. This is the first report of X. hortorum pv. hederae on English ivy in Turkey.