Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile of Patients with Status Epilepticus from Rural Area

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality, if not treated effectively in time. An attempt was made to generate the baseline data regarding the etiologies and clinical profile of SE. A total of 50 patients diagnosed on clinical grounds as SE were analyzed for different parameters. SE was found more common in males and in the age group 21-40 years. Most common etiology was acute symptomatic (68%). Seven patients subjected to lumbar puncture and CSF analysis revealed TB meningitis (three), viral etiology (three) and pyogenic meningitis (one). Of the 50 patients, 44 (88%) responded to the first-line drugs and six (12%) patients required second-line drugs. Five patients (10%) succumbed to death due to massive intra-cerebral bleeding (two), endosulfan poisoning (one), Japanese encephalitis with refractory SE (one) and primary epilepsy with intractable seizures (one). Age, gender and etiology of SE were found to be non-significant. Results indicate that SE can occur in epileptic as well as non-epileptic individuals. Early recognition, good knowledge of various etiologies, prompt initiation of therapy and availability of ventilatory facility as well as ICU care is of paramount importance in the management of SE.
Relaxed plasma-vacuum states in cylinders R

The variational principle for relaxed toroidal plasma-vacuum systems with pressure is applied to axially periodic circular cylinders. More precisely, equilibria with cylindrical symmetry are investigated for their potential to be a relaxed state. Such equilibria are characterized by their pinch ratio μ, the jump δ of the pitch angle of the magnetic field across the plasma–vacuum interface, a constant plasma pressure β, and the ratio l of wall radius over interface radius. In the limit of an infinitely long cylinder the necessary and sufficient condition for the equilibrium to be a relaxed state defines one or two intervals of allowed values of the pinch ratio μ, which depend still on the other parameters. These intervals are contained in the interval known from Taylor’s theory, but are generally smaller. They are shrinking with increasing plasma pressure β or increasing radius ratio l. In particular, in the field-free limit case β = 1, for l exceeding the critical value lc ≈ 4.983, or for a vanishing δ, these intervals are zero.
Nuclear data requirements for the ADS conceptual design EFIT: Uncertainty and sensitivity study

In this paper, we assess the impact of activation cross-section uncertainties on relevant fuel cycle parameters for a conceptual design of a modular European Facility for Industrial Transmutation (EFIT) with a “double strata” fuel cycle. Next, the nuclear data requirements are evaluated so that the parameters can meet the assigned design target accuracies. Different discharge burn-up levels are considered: a low burn-up, corresponding to the equilibrium cycle, and a high burn-up level, simulating the effects on the fuel of the multi-recycling scenario. In order to perform this study, we propose a methodology in two steps. Firstly, we compute the uncertainties on the system parameters by using a Monte Carlo simulation, as it is considered the most reliable approach to address this problem. Secondly, the analysis of the results is performed by a sensitivity technique, in order to identify the relevant reaction channels and prioritize the data improvement needs. Cross-section uncertainties are taken from the EAF-2007/UN library since it includes data for all the actinides potentially present in the irradiated fuel. Relevant uncertainties in some of the fuel cycle parameters have been obtained, and we conclude with recommendations for future nuclear data measurement programs, beyond the specific results obtained with the present nuclear data files and the limited available covariance information. A comparison with the uncertainty and accuracy analysis recently published by the WPEC-Subgroup26 of the OECD using BOLNA covariance matrices is performed. Despite the differences in the transmuter reactor used for the analysis, some conclusions obtained by Subgroup26 are qualitatively corroborated, and improvements for additional cross sections are suggested.
Scanning Electron Microscopy with a Retarded Primary Beam

The general trend for reducing the energies of primary electrons in electron microscopy has been faced with a gradual deterioration of the image resolution. Biasing the sample to a high negative voltage and making the electrons arbitrarily slow solely on and inside the sample has shown itself to be far more feasible than originally expected. The fundamental aberration coefficients (spherical and chromatic) of a combination of an objective lens and an immersion electrostatic lens formed by the biased sample decrease with the decreasing landing energy of the electrons. As a result, the spot size in scanning systems may be‐ come nearly independent of the landing energy of the electrons. The requirements placed on samples are strict but feasible, and detection of signal electrons is greatly facilitated by the acceleration of both reflected and transmitted electrons in the field of the biased sam‐ ple and their collimation toward the optical axis. The interaction of slow electrons is not only more intensive than that at standard energies but even scattering phenomena ap‐ pear which are not otherwise observed. Several application examples are presented. The benefits of very low energy EM are still being uncovered after its having been in routine use for several years.
National Culture and Competitive Strategy Disclosure in Global Airline Strategic Alliances

Corporate transparency, which involves financial, governance, and competitive strategy disclosure, may have implications with respect to the development and effectiveness of alliance systems. This study investigates the intensity of competitive strategy disclosure, which has received little attention in the literature by the members of the three major airline alliances, Star, oneworld, and SkyTeam. Through an examination of the corporate annual reports of each participant, the level of strategy disclosure is assessed. Further, based on the seminal work of Gray (1988) that explored the relationship between a country's cultural profile and the level of disclosure by corporations in that country, the study investigates the relationship between the intensity of disclosure and the cultural identity of each of the airline alliance members.
Optimizing Wheat Water Productivity as Affected by Irrigation and Fertilizer-nitrogen Regimes in an Arid Environment

The present study evaluated the applicability of the CropSyst model under variable climatic, irrigation, and fertilizer-nitrogen regimes. The objective was to analyze wheat productivity responses to water and N-application for optimizing water productivity in an arid irrigated environment. Evaluation analysis showed that the model provided very satisfactory estimates for the emergence, flowering and physiological maturity dates. The performance of the model was reasonable as demonstrated by the close correspondence between simulated grain yield, biomass accumulation, seasonal ET, and irrigation water productivity (WPI) with measured data. The normalized root mean square error ranged between 5 and 10% for most of the parameters. Overall, the Willmott index of agreement between simulated and observed values of grain yield, biomass and seasonal ET were 0.99, 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. The validated model was employed to assess interactive effects of irrigation and fertilizer N on grain yield and water productivity indices. Scenario analyses indicated that WPI and WPET (ET water productivity) ranged from 0.16 to 2.07 kg m -3 , and from 0.07 to 1.49 kg m -3 , respectively. For predicting the best N and water application practices for maximization of water productivity, the best option found by the model was application of water and nitrogenous fertilizer in 70% and 90% of the required values, respectively, for WPI, and equal to the required values (100%) for WPET. The simulations demonstrated that the current wheat productivity of 5.0 Mg ha -1 obtained by the local farmers can be achieved at 140 kg ha -1 fertilizer N and 30% deficit irrigation regime with a WPI of 1.73 kg m -3 . The CropSyst model can be applied to derive best management options in terms of N and irrigation application of wheat under arid conditions.
Influence of students’ STEM self-efficacy on STEM and physics career choice

Interest towards STEM and STEM careers is declining worldwide. Among the STEM related careers, the physics discipline has been the most affected in terms of numbers and imbalance of gender. This study investigates the role of self-efficacy in STEM towards STEM careers and Physics career based on gender and types of school. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between students’ STEM self-efficacy and interest towards all disciplines in STEM and Physics career. Boys showed high level of self-efficacy in engineering discipline while the girls’ associate more with science. Students from boarding schools showed higher self-efficacy and interest towards STEM careers compared to students from public schools. An implication of the study is that self-efficacy and interest in STEM careers are enhanced through engagement with STEM activities in and outside of school. Emphasis should be given to the role of counselors in making STEM careers relevant to students.
Numerical Simulation of Compressible Flow in an Asymmetric Vocal Jet

The paper is concerned with numerical simulation of a compressible flow in time-dependent asymmetric 2D and 3D vocal jets. The mathematical model of this process is described by the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. For the treatment of the time-dependent domain, the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method is used. The discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM) is applied to the space semidiscretization of the governing equations in the ALE formulation. The time discretization is carried out with the aid of a linearized semi-implicit backward Euler method with good stability properties. We present some computational results for the flow in a channel, representing a model of glottis and a part of the vocal tract, with a prescribed motion of the channel walls at the position of vocal folds.
Synthesis of gallium oxide hydroxide crystals in aqueous solutions with or without urea and their calcination behavior

Gallium oxide hydroxide (GaOOH·xH2O) single crystals were synthesized in aqueous solutions by using two different precipitation techniques: homogeneous decomposition of urea and forced hydrolysis in pure water. Precipitation of crystals started at exactly the same pH value (i.e., 2.05 at 85°C) in both cases. The morphology of crystals turned out to be quite different (zeppelin-like with urea, rodlike without urea) in each of the above methods. Calcination of these gallium oxide hydroxide crystals in air at temperatures ≥500°C transformed them into Ga2O3. Characterization of the samples was performed by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ICP, carbon, and nitrogen analyses.
The Implementation of the REACH Authorisation Procedure on Chemical Substances of Concern: What Kind of Legitimacy?

With the increasing “agencification” of policy making in the European Union (EU), normative questions regarding the legitimacy of EU agencies have become ever more important. This article analyses the role of expertise and legitimacy with regard to the European Chemicals Agency ECHA. Based on the REACH regulation, so-called Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) are subject to authorisation. The authorisation procedure aims to ensure the good functioning of the internal market, while assuring that risks of SVHCs are properly controlled. Since ECHA has become operational in 2008, recurring decisions on SVHCs have been made. The question posed in this article is: to what extent can decision making in the REACH authorisation procedure be assessed as legitimate? By drawing on the notion of throughput legitimacy, this article argues that decision making processes in the authorisation procedure are characterized by insufficient legitimacy.
Risk observation in the handling of dependent patients in health professionals of a hospital unit

Background & Aim: There is a high incidence of work-related musculoskeletal injuries in health professionals, namely nurses and nursing assistants, especially associated with the handling and transfer of dependent patients. The present study intends to evaluate the risks of injuries of the health professionals through the observation of the handling of dependent patients. Materials & Methods: A descriptive and correlational study was performed using the observation of the care provided by nurses and nursing assistants. This study was developed in a hospital of the City of Gondomar-Portugal, data collection was carried out between January and March 2018. 149 Professionals were selected by convenience. The data collected were analysed using IBM SPSS® Statistics version 24.0. Results: The sample consisted of 149 participants, mostly female. Concerning the assessment of the burden associated with the handling of dependent patients, it was considered excessive by 74.5% of the professionals. Regarding the application of the Graça Risk Assessment Scale (2008), only 7% of the activities were considered low risk. Risk behaviours associated with inadequate space during the procedure, equipment not properly positioned, almost non-use of mobility aids, and failure to use the patient's collaboration to reduce the effort associated with the procedure were observed. Conclusion: The knowledge obtained through this study will allow the implementation of strategies to reduce the likelihood of pain and musculoskeletal injury related to work.
BIODIvERSITY INDEx IN BOllgARD ® COTTON ( Cry 1 Ac ) IN BRAzIl

Danielle Thomazoni. Biologist and Ph.D. in Sciences (Entomology), Universidade Federal de Grande Dourados (UFGD), Brazil. Research Entomologist, Instituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMAmt), Brazil. Address: Rodovia BR 070 Km 265, Campo Experimental, Zona Rural, Primavera do Leste, MT, Brazil. 78850-000. e-mail: daniellethomazoni@ imamt.com. br Miguel Ferreira Soria. Agronomist and Ph.D. in Vegetal Production, UFGD, Brazil. Research Entomologist, IMAmt, Brazil.
Evaluating the Perception and Awareness of Patients Regarding Ovarian Cysts in Peshawar, Pakistan

Purpose : To evaluate patients’ perception regarding ovarian cyst as well as their awareness of the symptoms and health management of the disease. Methods : A quantitative research approach was used to conduct this study. Patients were selected from the Gynecology wards, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar and a questionnaire was designed to evaluate the patients’ knowledge and awareness. Results : When women were asked if they had prior knowledge about the ovarian cyst, 37 (58.7 %) responded that they were first told by the physician during their visit to the clinic or hospital while the patients responded, “Still don’t know” are 22 (34.9 %). With respect to educational level of the patients, they seemed to be less aware of the disease. Their perception regarding the disease is that they had a “water filled” balloon or tumor. Conclusion : Prior to discharge of an ovarian cyst patient from the hospital, she should be counseled on the disease and successful treatment outcomes. Counseling of the patients may result in compliance with therapy, good quality of life and lower economic burden. Keywords : Ovarian cyst, Menstrual cycle, Awareness, Perception, Treatment outcomes
Large scale changes in 20th century black carbon deposition to Antarctica

Refractory black carbon aerosols (rBC) emitted by biomass burning (fires) and fossil fuel combustion, affect global climate and atmospheric chemistry. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), rBC is transported in the atmosphere from low latitudes to Antarctica 5 and deposited to the polar ice sheet preserving a history of emissions and atmospheric transport. Here, we present two high-resolution Antarctic rBC ice core records drilled from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet divide and Law Dome on the periphery of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Separated by ~3500 km, the records span calendar years 1850– 2001 and reflect the rBC distribution over the Indian and Pacific ocean sectors of the 10 Southern Ocean. Highly correlated over the past 60 yr, the records show that coherent large-scale changes in SH rBC occurred at decadal to inter-annual time scales, notably in ENSO-like periodicities. Decadal trends in the records are similar to inventories of SH rBC emissions from grass fires and biofuels. The combined records suggest a large-scale reduction in rBC from 1950 to 1990 over the remote Southern Hemisphere.
The Impact of Workplace Conditions on Firm Performance

This paper estimates the impact of work environment health and safety practice on firm performance, and examines which firm-characteristic factors are associated with good work conditions. We use Danish longitudinal register matched employer-employee data, merged with firm business accounts and detailed cross-sectional survey data on workplace conditions. This enables us to address typical econometric problems such as omitted variables bias or endogeneity in estimating i) standard production functions augmented with work environment indicators and aggregate employee characteristics and ii) firm mean wage regressions on the same explanatory variables. Our findings suggest that improvement in some of the physical dimensions of the work health and safety environment (specifically, “internal climate” and “repetitive and strenuous activity”) strongly impacts the firm productivity, whereas “internal climate” problems are the only workplace hazards compensated for by higher mean wages.
The evolution of productive organizations

Organizations devoted to the production of goods and services, such as guilds, partnerships and modern corporations, have dominated the economic landscape in our species’ history. We develop an explanation for their evolution drawing from cultural evolution theory. A basic tenet of this theory is that social learning, under certain conditions, allows for the diffusion of innovations in society and, therefore, the accumulation of culture. Our model shows that these organizations provide such conditions by possessing two characteristics, both prevalent in real world organizations: exclusivity of membership and more effective social learning within their boundaries. The model and its extensions parsimoniously explain the cooperative nature of the social learning advantage, organizational specialization, organizational rigidity and the locus of innovation. We find supportive evidence for our predictions using a sample of premodern societies drawn from the Ethnographic Atlas. Understanding the nature of these organizations informs the debate about their role in society. Using a cultural evolutionary model, this paper proposes that organizations producing goods and services—both ancient craft guilds and modern firms—evolved because they facilitate the accumulation of culture. Ethnographic data support the predictions.
Foot Placement Control For Bipedal Walking On Uneven Terrain: An Online Linear Regression Analysis Approach

This paper presents a novel foot placement control algorithm for adaptive bipedal walking. In this method, the torso attitude and height are stabilized by synergic patterns so that the forward velocity and its change have a stable and nearly linear relation with the foot placement. Hence, our proposed online linear regression analysis well represents the local linear models by estimating continuously from measured data. Based on this estimation, an appropriate foot placement can be determined to control the forward velocity. Our simulation study successfully demonstrates the natural gait with accurate tracking of walking velocity, and the robustness of walking over uneven terrain.
Peak Fat Oxidation Rates in Males with Obesity during Treadmill Walking With Body Weight Support

Purpose: To determine if a reduction of body weight (BW) from 100% to 75% while walking on a lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmill affects peak oxygen consumption (V O2peak), fat oxidation (FO) and peak fat oxidation (PFO) rates in men with obesity. Methods: Fourteen men with obesity walked on the LBPP treadmill at 100% and 75% of their body weight at 3.3 mph, 3% to 15% grade. FO, PFO, V O2 were measured using indirect calorimetry. Results: V O2peak was significantly higher at 100% compared to 75% BW and fat oxidation rates were significantly lower at 100%. Fat oxidation rates decreased rapidly for the 100% BW group and decreased steadily for 75% BW, and at 75%, PFO plateaued at 47% - 62% of V O2peak. Conclusion: Unweighting on the LBPP treadmill is an optimal exercise modality for this population and meets the recommendations for the American College of Sports Medicine for moderate intensity.
Inflation Taxation and Welfare with Externalities and Leisure

This paper examines how inflation taxation affects resource allocation and welfare in a neoclassical growth model with leisure, a production externality and money in the utility function. Switching from consumption taxation to inflation taxation to finance government spending reduces real money balances relative to income, but increases consumption, labor, capital, and output. The net welfare effect of this switch depends crucially on the strength of the externality and on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. While it is always negative without the externality, it is likely to be positive with a strong externality and elastic intertemporal substitution. Copyright 2007 The Ohio State University.
Machine Learning and Materials Informatics: Recent Applications and Prospects

Propelled partly by the Materials Genome Initiative, and partly by the algorithmic developments and the resounding successes of data-driven efforts in other domains, informatics strategies are beginning to take shape within materials science. These approaches lead to surrogate machine learning models that enable rapid predictions based purely on past data rather than by direct experimentation or by computations/simulations in which fundamental equations are explicitly solved. Data-centric informatics methods are becoming useful to determine material properties that are hard to measure or compute using traditional methods--due to the cost, time or effort involved--but for which reliable data either already exists or can be generated for at least a subset of the critical cases. Predictions are typically interpolative, involving fingerprinting a material numerically first, and then following a mapping (established via a learning algorithm) between the fingerprint and the property of interest. Fingerprints may be of many types and scales, as dictated by the application domain and needs. Predictions may also be extrapolative--extending into new materials spaces--provided prediction uncertainties are properly taken into account. This article attempts to provide an overview of some of the recent successful data-driven "materials informatics" strategies undertaken in the last decade, and identifies some challenges the community is facing and those that should be overcome in the near future.