Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of some minerals deficiency in grazing sheep in Thi-Qar province

This study was carried out on 250 locally sheep collected from four sides of Thi-Qar Governorate. The clinical, hematological, trace elements changes in naturally occurring minerals deficiency in sheep were described. Anemia & Pale mucous membranes, Alopecia &steely wool, Diarrhea, parakeratosis, pica and abortion constituted the main signs and symptoms. The respiratory and heart rates were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mineral deficient sheep than in normal control sheep in one side of province. Values of total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were significantly lower (p<0.05) in mineral deficient sheep than in normal control sheep. Significant differences were not found in total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count values in sick and normal control sheep. Copper, Zinc and Iron values in the serum were significantly lower (p<0.05) in mineral deficient than in normal control sheep. The erythrocytes morphology appeared a abnormal shapes and size, this refer to Macrocytic hypochromic anemia and Normocytic hypochromic anemia, It was concluded that a significant changes were noticed between diseased and control sheep in clinical hematological values and trace elements and abnormal erythrocytes morphology, deficiency of a single element seldom occurs under field condition in Thi-Qar Governorate.
Expression of Nerve Injury-Induced Protein1 (Ninj1) in Endometriosis

Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the expression of Ninj1 in endometriosis and adenomyosis lesions, and its inductive factor in human endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs). Background: Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninj1) is a molecule originally identified in dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells after nerve injury and promotes neurite outgrowth. The aim of this study was to clarify the expression of Ninj1 in endometriosis and adenomyosis lesions, and its inductive factor in human endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs). Materials and Methods: Tissues were obtained with consent from patients diagnosed with ovarian endometrioma (n = 15 in total), peritoneal endometriosis (n = 5), adenomyosis (n = 5), and other gynecological disorders (n = 5, control) during surgery. Immunohistochemistry was conducted in order to detect Ninj1 protein expression in the lesion of endometriosis, adenomyosis, and eutopic endometrium. Nerve fibers in the ovarian endometrioma were detected by positive staining of PGP-9.5. To evaluate the effects of IL-1β on Ninj1 gene expression in endometriosis, ESCs isolated from ovarian endometrioma (n = 5) were treated with IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 3 or 6 hours. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for Ninj1 was examined using quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The Ninj1 protein was expressed by ovarian endometrioma, peritoneal endometriotic, and adenomyotic tissue. Nerve fibers were found in the areas of positive staining for Ninj1 in ovarian endometrioma. IL-1β, an indicator of inflammation in endometriosis, significantly increased Ninj1 mRNA expression by ESC. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that Ninj1 is expressed in endometriosis and adenomyosis and is induced by the inflammatory stimuli. Given the neurogenetic property of Ninj1, our results imply that Ninj1, induced by inflammation in endometriosis lesion, may contribute to the pathogenesis of pain symptoms characteristic of endometriosis.
CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE AND PREDNISONE INCREASE PROPORTION OF SPLENIC CD 4 + CD 25-FOXP 3 + CELLS AND ALLEVIATE GLOMERULAR LESION IN MRL / LPR MICE

Objective: This study investigated the effects of Chinese herbal medicine and prednisone on CD4FoxP3 T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells in the MRL/lpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: MRL/lpr mice were treated with herbal medicine (yin-nourishing and heat-clearing therapy), prednisone, and a combination of both for 7 weeks. The proportions of CD4CD25FoxP3 cells, CD4CD25FoxP3 cells, and CD4IL-17 cells in splenic mononuclear cell suspension were determined by flow cytometry. Histological slices of kidneys were stained by H&E, PAS, and Masson’s method. Activity indexes (AI) of glomerular lesions were scored. Results: The result showed that both herbal medicine and prednisone significantly increased the proportion of CD4CD25FoxP3 cells (P<0.05), but lowered the proportion of CD4CD25FoxP3 cells (P<0.05) and CD4IL-17 cells (P<0.05) in MRL/lpr mice. Consequently, CD4CD25FoxP3 cells became dominant CD4 FoxP3 cells after either treatment. AIl the glomerular lesions in both herbal medicine group and prednisone group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). AI was positively related with the proportion of CD4IL-17 cells (Spearman's rho= 0.4958, P<0.05), but was negatively correlated with the proportions of CD4Foxp3 cells(Spearman's rho= -0.5934,P<0.05) and CD4CD25FoxP3 cells (Spearman's rho= -0.5914,P<0.05). Conclusion: Both Chinese herbal medicine and prednisone significantly enhanced the proportion of CD4CD25FoxP3 cells and reduced the proportion of Th17 cells in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Increased proportion of CD4CD25FoxP3 cells was correlated with less severe glomerular lesions, indicating that CD4CD25FoxP3 cells might play a regulatory role in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Biochemical and pathological study of protective effect of Vitamin A in Azathioprine - induced hepatotoxicity in Rat

Background: Azathioprine (AZA) is the most widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing graft rejection and autoimmune disease. However, the therapeutic treatment induces several side effects such as toxicity to bone marrow, pancrease, liver and gastrointestinal tract. One of the major functions of Vitamin A is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals. Considering the kind of Azathioprine-induced damage in Liver tissue, we decided to study the protective effect of Vitamin A against Azathiprine-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: Forty Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (each group contains 10 rats). Group 1 was control group and only took normal saline. Groups 2 & 3 were administrated daily use of Vitamin A for 7 days I.M. and Group 4 was administrated with normal saline instead of Vitamin A in same condition as groups 2&3. In the last day groups 3 & 4 were administrated with single dose of AZA, 15 mg/kg (IP). After 24 hours, we took the animals blood and tissue samples and studied them for biochemical and pathological examinations. Results: This study showed that Azathioprine-induced damage on liver in group 3 is less than that in group 4 while the function of organ in group 3 is nearly the same as control group. Also vitamin A decreases Azathioprine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Conclusion: Regarding importance of Azathioprine-induced damage, the usage rate of this drug in medicine, and the results of this study, we suggest that co-administration of Azathioprine and vitamin E decreases the toxicity of this drug.
Geomechanical influences in water injection projects: An overview

During water injection, increasing pore pressures and decreasing temperatures imply reductions in effective horizontal stresses, particularly in proximity to injection wells. This unloading can lead to activation of the natural faults and fractures by brittle failure in the body of the reservoir, over- or under-burden, or to the creation of hydraulic fractures in the vicinity of injection wells. These geomechanical changes will be associated with anisotropic permeability changes, usually increases, that should be incorporated into reservoir simulation, particularly with the objective of configuring the original, or infill, well pattern to the best commercial advantage.
Prolonged Prothrombotic Effects of Antecedent Hypoglycemia in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Hypoglycemia has been linked to persistent increases in cardiovascular (CV) mortality in type 2 diabetes after the event. Our aim was to examine acute and downstream effects of hypoglycemia on markers of thrombosis risk and inflammation in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twelve individuals with type 2 diabetes with no history of CV disease and 11 age- and BMI-matched volunteers without diabetes underwent paired hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (glucose 6 mmol/L for two 60-min periods) and hypoglycemic (glucose 2.5 mmol/L for two 60-min periods) clamps on separate occasions on day 0. Fibrin clot properties, platelet reactivity, and inflammatory markers were measured at baseline, end of and after recovery from the initial clamp, day 1, and day 7 using validated assays and electron microscopy. RESULTS Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia reduced platelet reactivity, decreased fibrin clot density, and improved fibrinolytic efficiency in both groups. Platelet reactivity and aggregation increased during acute hypoglycemia in both groups, resolving at recovery. In type 2 diabetes, clot lysis times and clot maximum absorbance increased up to day 7 (P = 0.002 and 0.001 vs. euglycemia, respectively), but clots from control subjects without diabetes showed limited changes. Fibrin network density increased Δ 1.15 ± 0.28 fibers/μm2 at day 7 after the hypoglycemic clamp (P < 0.01 for glycemic arm), whereas fibrinogen and complement C3 increased after hypoglycemia up to day 7 in type 2 diabetes only. CONCLUSIONS Antecedent hypoglycemia has acute and persistent prothrombotic effects, lasting at least 7 days, that were enhanced in individuals with type 2 diabetes. These findings identify mechanisms by which hypoglycemia might increase short- and medium-term risk of CV mortality.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INTENSITY OF EXERCISE ON SALIVARY STEROIDS CONCENTRATION IN ELITE FEMALE SWIMMERS

The purpose of this study was examine to effect of different exercise intensity (low, medium and high) on the salivary concentration of Cortisol and DHEA in elite female swimmers. 10 young female swimmers voluntarily agreed to be the subjects. The subjects participated in a 6-week exercise program. The exercise program was divided into three time segments: the basic endurance session during the first two weeks, special endurance session during the second two weeks and hard exercise session during the last two weeks. Saliva samples were collected at the end of each two weeks before and immediately after exercise from the study group. Concentrations of salivary steroids were determined by using the ELISA method. The findings of the research show that: exercise with low, medium and high intensity does not have a significant effect on the concentration of cortisol, DHEA and the ratio of salivary DHEA:C of elite girl swimmers, p>0.05. There is no significant correlation between concentrations with salivary cortisol after exercise with high and low intensity, p>0.05. But a negative significant correlation was found between concentrations of salivary cortisol after exercise with medium intensity, p 0.05. In conclusion, the results of this study show that salivary steroids are affected by the intensity of the exercise.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Molteno Adapted Scale for developmental delay in South African toddlers

ABSTRACT Background: There is currently a great need in South Africa for culturally appropriate neurodevelopmental screening measures in order to facilitate early identification of neurodevelopmental problems in children. Neurodevelopmental screening has the potential to decrease the burden at health-care facilities as it is time, resource and cost effective. Aim: To assess the use of the Molteno Adapted Scale (MAS), a locally developed screening measure, to suggest an optimal cut-off score and investigate its accuracy in detecting developmental delays. Method: The MAS was assessed by evaluating three components: accuracy, efficacy and usefulness. For each of 136 participants, MAS scores were compared with dichotomised scores from the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the accuracy of the MAS in identifying developmental delay defined by the GMDS. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated for potential MAS cut-off scores. Results: The MAS had an excellent area under the ROC curve, indicating good test accuracy. A developmental quotient of 83 was identified as optimal for screening purposes, with acceptable sensitivity (71.4%) and specificity (90.7%) as well as predictive values (29.4% positive predictive value and 98.3% negative predictive value) for developmental delay on the GMDS. Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary evidence supporting the use of the MAS for screening.
Autonomy enhances running efficiency

ABSTRACT Performer autonomy has been shown to contribute to effective motor performance and learning. Autonomy support is therefore a key factor in the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, 2016). The purpose of the present study was to examine whether supporting individuals’ need for autonomy by giving them choices would increase movement efficiency. Such a finding would be consistent with the OPTIMAL theory prediction that autonomy facilitates the coupling of goals and actions. Participants (N = 32) were asked to run at a submaximal intensity (65% of VO2 max) for 20 minutes. Before the run, participants in a choice group were able to choose 5 of 10 photos as well as the order in which they would be shown to them on a computer screen during the run. Control group participants were shown the same photos, in the same order, chosen by their counterparts in the choice group. Throughout the run, oxygen consumption and heart rate were significantly lower in the choice group than the control group. Thus, providing autonomy support resulted in enhanced running efficiency. The present findings are in line with the notion that autonomy facilitates goal-action coupling.
Correlation of undrained shear strength and CPT resistance

The correlation of CPT resistance and undrained shear strength of soft Holocene clays is discussed in this paper. This soil type, covering significant part of Hungary is frequently involved in different geotechnical engineering problems such as building of highway embankments. Soil samples of eight different sites have been studied, samples were taken at each site and cone penetration tests were performed. The samples were tested by means of unconfined compression and consolidatedundrained triaxial compression tests. The correlation of the determined undrained shear strength and the experienced CPT results was evaluated and the empirical cone factors ( N k , N kt , N ke , N Δu ) were determined for each tests. The back-calculated cone factors have been compared with the values suggested by earlier works in this field. The possible correlations between cone factors and different soil properties (such as index of plasticity, pore pressure coefficient etc.) are also discussed in the paper and recommendations are given for estimation of undrained shear strength of Holocene clays.
Early Detection and Analysis of Children with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis of the Spine

Study Design Retrospective case series. Purpose The aim of the study is to report the clinical characteristics, early diagnosis, management, and outcome of children with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tubercular spondylodiscitis and to assess the early detection of rifampicin resistance using the Xpert MTB/ RIF assay. Overview of Literature MDR tuberculosis is on the rise, especially in developing countries. The incidence rate of MDR has been reported as 8.9% in children. Methods A retrospective study of children aged <15 years of age who were diagnosed and treated for MDR tuberculosis of the spine was conducted. Confirmed cases of MDR tuberculosis and patients who had completed at least 18 months of second-line antituberculous treatment (ATT) were included. Children were treated with ATT for 24 months according to drug-susceptibility-test results. Outcome measures included both clinical and radiological measures. Clinical measures included pain, neurological status, and return to school. Radiological measures included kyphosis correction and healing status. Results Six children with a mean age of 10 years were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 12 months. All the children had previous history of treatment with first-line ATT, with an average of 13.6 months before presentation. Clinically, 50% (3/6 children) had psoas abscesses and 50% had spinal deformities. Radiologically, 50% (three of six children) had multicentric involvement. Three children underwent surgical decompression; two needed posterior stabilization with pedicle screws posteriorly followed by anterior column reconstruction. Early diagnosis of MDR was achieved in 83.3% (five of six children) with Xpert MTB/RIF assay. A total of 83.3% of the children were cured of the disease. Conclusions Xpert MTB/RIF assay confers the advantage of early detection, with initiation of MDR drugs within an average of 10.5 days from presentation. The cost of second-line ATT drugs was 30 times higher than that of first-line ATT.
Anterior Bone Loss in Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

Study Design Retrospective, longitudinal observational study. Purpose To describe the natural history of anterior bone loss (ABL) in cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and introduce a classification system for its assessment. Overview of Literature ABL has recently been recognized as a complication of CDA, but its cause and clinical effects remain unknown. Methods Patients with non-keeled CDA (146) were retrospectively reviewed. X-rays were examined at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months, and annually thereafter for a minimum of 5 years. These were compared with the initial postoperative X-rays to determine the ABL. Visual Analog Scale pain scores were recorded at 3 months and 5 years. Neck Disability Index was recorded at postoperative 5 years. The natural history was determined and a classification system was introduced. Results Complete radiological assessment was available for 114 patients with 156 cervical disc replacements (CDRs) and 309 endplates (average age, 45.3 years; minimum, 28 years; maximum, 65 years; 57% females). ABL occurred in 57.1% of CDRs (45.5% mild, 8.3% moderate, and 3.2% severe) and commenced within 3 months of the operation and followed a benign course, with improvement in the bone stock after initial bone resorption. There was no relationship between ABL degree and pain or functional outcome, and no implants were revised. Conclusions ABL is common (57.1%). It occurs at an early stage (within 3 months) and typically follows a non-progressive natural history with stable radiographic features after the first year. Most ABL cases are mild, but severe ABL occurs in approximately 3% of CDAs. ABL does not affect the patients’ clinical outcome or the requirement for revision surgery. Surgeons should thus treat patients undergoing CDA considering ABL.
The Role of Expectations in Treatment Outcome and Symptom Development in Anxiety Disorders

For more than 60 years, researchers have been interested in determining the impact of expectations on treatment outcome. Earlier studies mostly focused on two types of expectations: prognostic and process expectations. Aims: To review how four different types of expectations (prognostic, process, anxiety expectancy and anxiety sensitivity) contribute to psychotherapy outcome, and to the development of clinical disorders, especially anxiety. Conclusions: First, the role of process and prognostic expectancies in clinical disorders and psychotherapy outcome should be clarified by addressing the methodological flaws of the earlier expectancy studies. Second, studies, especially those on anxiety disorders, may benefit from evaluating the four different types of expectations to determine their relative impact on outcome, and on the development and maintenance of these disorders. Third, possible links with other clinical disorders should be further explored. Finally, expectancies should be assessed prior to treatment and after several sessions to determine the extent to which the treatment's failure in modifying initial low expectancies contribute to a poor outcome.
Introduction of Music Therapy for Stuporous Patient Attached to a Mechanical Ventilator at Bethany Hospital in Tacloban City, Philippines

Altered levels of consciousness (ALC) were among the most common problems in general medicine which intensive care unit is included. One of its deepest levels is stupor. Meanwhile, it has shown that the use of music therapy improved levels of consciousness in a patient that has altered levels of consciousness and is ventilated. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of music therapy after a series of listening classic CD songs attached to a built-in CD drive of the mechanical ventilator for stuporous patient using earphones in both ears. Quasi –experimental design was adopted utilizing the both primary data and secondary data. There were 24 stuporous patients invited to participate as respondents with an age range of 23-92 years old. Four parameters were evaluated: vital signs of patients when attached to a mechanical ventilator with music therapy; duration of the health status; health status as evidenced by a change in level of consciousness based on doctor’s order and nurses notes. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19.The researchers found out the use of music therapy (attached to the mechanical ventilator) was effective in improving the level of consciousness; this has been useful in implementation in the Intensive Care Unit.
Ten-year Outcomes of Cervical Disc Replacement With the BRYAN Cervical Disc: Results From a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Study Design. A prospective, randomized multicenter IDE trial between May 2002 and October 2004. Objective. The aim of this study was to report on the 10-year safety and efficacy of BRYAN cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). Summary of Background Data. Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is a potential alternative for anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) with the hope that maintenance of motion may decrease the likelihood of adjacent segment disease. Methods. This is an analysis of a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigation comparing CDA with ACDF for single-level patients. Eligible patients were ≥ 21 years of age with symptomatic cervical disc disease who had failed conservative care. Patients were followed at regular intervals with the current data set at > 10 years. Protocol for overall success: ≥ 15-point improvement in NDI scores, maintenance or improvement in neurologic status, no serious adverse events related to implant or implant/surgical procedure, and no subsequent surgery or intervention classified as “failure. ” Results. At 10-year follow-up, 128 (CDA) and 104 (ACDF) patients were available for evaluation. Overall success rate was significantly higher for CDA group (81.3% vs. 66.3%; P = 0.005). The rate of second surgeries at adjacent levels was lower for CDA group (9.7% vs. 15.8%; P = 0.146). NDI scores improved significantly in CDA group (&Dgr;38.3 vs. &Dgr;31.1; P = 0.010). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) neck and arm improved in the CDA group (&Dgr;54.3 vs. &Dgr;49.2; P = 0.119), (&Dgr;58.1 vs. &Dgr;51.6; P = 0.0.60) respectively. About 4.1% of CDA patients and 4.9% of ACDF patients had serious adverse events related to study device. Mean angular motions at index level for BRYAN disc and ACDF were 8.69° and 0.60°, respectively. Conclusion. CDA can preserve and maintain motion in the long term compared with ACDF. There was a trend toward fewer adjacent segment surgeries for BRYAN disc that did not reach significance. Significant improvement in CDA NDI scores may suggest better long-term success for CDA as compared to fusion. Level of Evidence: 2