Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid pseudo-relevance feedback for microblog retrieval

The microblog has become a new global hot spot. Information retrieval (IR) technologies are necessary for accessing the massive amounts of valuable user-generated contents in the microblog sphere. The challenge in searching relevant microblogs is that they are usually very short with sparse vocabulary and may fail to match queries. Pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) via query-expansion has been proven in previous studies to successfully increase the number of matches in IR. However, a critical problem of PRF is that the pseudo-relevant feedback may not be truly relevant, and thus may introduce noise to query expansion. In this paper, we exploit the dynamic nature of microblogs to address this problem. We first present a novel dynamic PRF technique, which is capable of expanding queries with truly relevant keywords by extracting representative terms based on the query’s temporal profile. Next we present query expansion from external knowledge sources based on negative and positive feedbacks. We further consider that the choice of PRF strategy is query-dependent. A two-level microblog search framework is presented. At the high level, a temporal profile is constructed and categorized for each query; at the low level, hybrid PRF query expansion combining dynamic and external PRF is adopted based on the query category. Experiments on a real data set demonstrate that the proposed method significantly increases the performance of microblog searching, compared with several traditional retrieval models, various query expansion methods and state-of-art recency-based models for microblog searching.
Evaluation of a temperature-sensitive mutant of respiratory syncytial virus in adults.

A temperature-sensitive {ts) mutant of respiratory syncytial virus, which was unable to replicate at 37 C in vitro, was administered by the nasopharyngeal route to adults who had low levels of neutralizing antibody in their nasal secretions. The ts mutant appeared to be attenuated under these conditions as indicated by a decrease in infectivity and by the asymptomatic nature of the infections that occurred. The ts mutant was genetically stable in vivo, and there was no evidence of reversion to wild type after replication in the upper respiratory passages of the volunteers. Although the mutant appeared to be attenuated, it did induce a state of resistance to subsequent challenge with wild-type (virulent) virus. These encouraging results suggest that the ts mutant should be further evaluated as a candidate for a vaccine for prevention of serious respiratory syncytial viral disease in the lower respiratory tract of young infants.
Glutathione stimulates A549 cell proliferation in glutamine‐deficient culture: The effect of glutamate supplementation

Extracellular glutathione (GSH) is degraded by an external cell‐surface enzyme, γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase (γ‐GT). The products are transported into cells to participate in important cellular processes. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that extracellular GSH is a source of glutamic acid for cells that express γ‐GT. Under a glutamine‐deficient culture condition, the extracellular GSH‐supplemented glutamic acid would enhance intracellular glutamine synthesis, thereby stimulating cell proliferation. Human lung carcinoma A549 cells were cultured in glutamine‐deficient Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium, and they did not proliferate unless glutamine was supplemented. Extracellular GSH, however, provoked a partial proliferation. The GSH effect correlated with a high level of γ‐GT activity and an increased intracellular level of glutamic acid. A constituent amino acid of GSH, glutamic acid but not cysteine, produced the same growth‐stimulatory effect as GSH. Furthermore, neither oxothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylate (OTC), a celluar cysteine‐delivery compound, nor cysteinylglycine, a dipeptide released from the γ‐GT reaction, stimulated cell proliferation. Moreover, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase, enhanced the GSH growth stimulatory effect, suggesting that increased cellular GSH synthesis does not correlate with cell growth stimulation. The results obtained demonstrated that glutamine is required for A549 cell proliferation and exogenous GSH partially substitutes for the growth stimulatory action of glutamine. It also suggests that the glutamic acid rather than the cysteine released from the GSH is responsible for the cell proliferation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and morphology of an immunoreactive outer wall fraction produced by spherules of Coccidioides immitis

A previously undescribed, immunoreactive, membranous spherule outer wall (SOW) fraction produced by Coccidioides immitis (strains 634 and 735) grown in culture was isolated. Both this fraction and intact spherules were reactive with sera from coccidioidomycosis patients, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. The serological activity of SOW was also demonstrated by its reactivity with human anti-C. immitis tube precipitin in a standardized immunodiffusion assay. Extraction of SOW with the nonionic detergent N-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (OG) permitted the isolation of an OG-soluble fraction which was reactive in the immunodiffusion assay. Rabbit antisera raised against the OG-soluble fraction were used in immunofluorescence and immunoelectron-microscopic studies of the parasitic cycle to confirm that the immunoreactive components of the solubilized fraction of SOW were associated with the inner and outer layers of the spherule wall as well as with distinct cytoplasmic organelles observed in thin sections of spherules. The immunoreactivity of SOW with sera from patients suggested that infected individuals are exposed to this surface wall material isolated from in vitro-grown spherules.
Treatment options and outcomes for lower pole stone management: are we there yet?

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is on the rise with a life-time prevalence of up to 15% (1). Stones in the lower-pole tend to be more common than other locations in the kidney, and arguably are the most difficult to manage successfully due to challenges with anatomical configuration (2). The various treatment modalities to treatment lower pole stones (LPS) vary from shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) through to ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), thereby increasing in their invasiveness. While treatment aims focus on complete stone clearance, this has to be balanced against the risks of the procedure involved (3).
Toxicity of Schizonpeta multifida essential oil and its constituent compounds towards two grain storage insects.

BACKGROUND The essential oil derived from the flowering aerial parts of Schizonpeta multifida was investigated for insecticidal activity against two grain storage insects, maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) and red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). RESULTS The main constituents of the essential oil were menthone (40.34%) and pulegone (26.87%), followed by D-limonene (5.81%) and isomenthone (5.14%). Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation on repeated silica gel columns led to the isolation of menthone and pulegone. Pulegone showed pronounced contact toxicity against S. zeamais and T. castaneum adults (7 day LD(50)= 4.46 and 1.55 µg per adult respectively) and was more toxic than menthone (7 day LD(50)=33.47 and 2.67 µg per adult respectively), while the crude essential oil had 7 day LD(50) values of 30.17 and 2.75 µg per adult respectively. Pulegone also displayed strong fumigant toxicity against S. zeamais and T. castaneum adults (7 day LC(50)=3.47 and 11.56 mg cm(-3) respectively) and was again more toxic than menthone (7 day L(50) =10.32 and 31.25 mg cm(-3) respectively), while the crude essential oil had 7 day LC(50) values of 8.33 and 26.41 mg cm(-3) respectively. CONCLUSION The essential oil of S. multifida and its two main components may have potential to be developed as new natural fumigants/insecticides for the control of stored product insects.
Guided Internet‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic pain patients who have residual symptoms after rehabilitation treatment: Randomized controlled trial

Chronic pain can be treated with cognitive behavioural therapy delivered in multidisciplinary settings. However, relapse is likely, and there is a need for cost‐effective secondary interventions for persons with residual problems after rehabilitation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a guided Internet‐delivered cognitive behavioural intervention for patients who had completed multidisciplinary treatment at a pain management unit.
Money Creation, Reserve Requirements, and Seigniorage☆☆☆

In this paper, we examine the impact that changes in the rate of money creation and reserve requirements have on real seigniorage revenue. We consider two additional features that differ from previous analyses. First, the model economies grow endogenously, and that growth depends on the accumulation of intermediated capital. Second, agents have two means of financing; one is bank deposits against which reserves must be held, and the other is a nonbank intermediary. Thus, growth-rate effects and financing-substitution effects are both present, and one can assess the quantitative importance of each factor. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Ownership Structure, Limits to Arbitrage, and Stock Returns: Evidence from Equity Lending Markets∗

We examine how institutional ownership structure gives rise to limits to arbitrage through its impact on short-sale constraints. Stocks with lower, more concentrated, and less passive ownership exhibit lower lending supply, higher costs of shorting, and higher arbitrage risk. These constraints limit the ability of arbitrageurs to take short positions and delay the correction of mispricing. A positive shorting demand shock is associated with an additional negative abnormal return of -0.42% for stocks in the following week for stocks in the top quartile of ownership concentration.
Rates of progression to hypertension among non-hypertensive subjects: implications for blood pressure screening.

It is widely acknowledged that adults in western societies experience an increase in blood pressure with age. Regular screening of blood pressure of nonhypertensive adults has been recommended to detect the onset of hypertension promptly, so that appropriate non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures can be initiated in order to prevent the morbidity and the mortality due to elevated blood pressure.
The Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC)

The Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) has been developed to elicit illness-related perceptions, beliefs, and practices in a cultural study of leprosy and mental health in Bombay. Leprosy is an especially appropriate disorder for studying the inter-relationship of culture, mental health and medical illness because of deeply rooted cultural meanings, the emotional burden, and underuse of effective therapy. Fifty per cent of 56 recently diagnosed leprosy out-patients, 37% of 19 controls with another stigmatised dermatological condition (vitiligo), but only 8% of 12 controls with a comparable non-stigmatised condition (tinea versicolor) met DSM–III–R criteria for an axis I depressive, anxiety or somatoform disorder. Belief in a humoral (traditional) cause of illness predicted better attendance at clinic.
Prion-like nanofibrils of small molecules (PriSM): A new frontier at the intersection of supramolecular chemistry and cell biology

Abstract Formed by non-covalent interactions and not defined at genetic level, the assemblies of small molecules in biology are complicated and less explored. A common morphology of the supramolecular assemblies of small molecules is nanofibrils, which coincidentally resembles the nanofibrils formed by proteins such as prions. So these supramolecular assemblies are termed as prion-like nanofibrils of small molecules (PriSM). Emerging evidence from several unrelated fields over the past decade implies the significance of PriSM in biology and medicine. This perspective aims to highlight some recent advances of the research on PriSM. This paper starts with description of the intriguing similarities between PriSM and prions, discusses the paradoxical features of PriSM, introduces the methods for elucidating the biological functions of PriSM, illustrates several examples of beneficial aspects of PriSM, and finishes with the promises and current challenges in the research of PriSM. We anticipate that the research of PriSM will contribute to the fundamental understanding at the intersection of supramolecular chemistry and cell biology and ultimately lead to a new paradigm of molecular (or supramolecular) therapeutics for biomedicine.
Noise-Analysis-Based Model of Filamentary Switching ReRAM With $\hbox{ZrO}_{x}/\hbox{HfO}_{x}$ Stacks

In this letter, we propose a model based on noise analysis for the filamentary switching mechanism in resistance random access memory having ZrOx/HfOx bilayer stacks. From the noise analysis results, we concluded that the current flowing during high-resistance state can be described as a trap-assisted current that flows through traps. It has been hypothesized that these traps are the cause of the instability of device parameters. To validate this, the noise analysis results of large-area devices were compared with those of small-area devices. As a consequence, we improved the uniformity of device parameters.
The role of early visual attention in social development

Faces convey important information about the social environment, and even very young infants are preferentially attentive to face-like over non-face stimuli. Eye-tracking studies have allowed researchers to examine which features of faces infants find most salient across development, and the present study examined scanning of familiar (i.e., mother) and unfamiliar (i.e., stranger) static faces at 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Infants showed a preference for scanning their mother’s face as compared to a stranger’s face, and displayed increased attention to the eye region as compared to the mouth region. Infants also showed patterns of decreased attention to eyes and increased attention to mouths between 6 and 12 months. Associations between visual attention at 6, 9, and 12 months and the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales DP (CSBS-DP) at 18 months were also examined, and a significant positive relation between attention to eyes at 6 months and the social subscale of the CSBS-DP at 18 months was found. This effect was driven by infants’ attention to their mother’s eyes. No relations between face scanning in 9- and 12-month-olds and social outcome at 18 months were found. The potential for using individual differences in early infant face processing to predict later social outcome is discussed.
Facebook False Self-Presentation Behaviors and Negative Mental Health

As research examining what constitutes Facebook false self-presentation is lacking, the aim of this study was to develop a preliminary inventory of Facebook false self-presentation behaviors, as well as identify predictors and possible outcomes. Participants (N = 211) completed questions regarding frequency of engagement in Facebook false self-presentation behaviors, as well as self-esteem, social influences, motivation strategies, well-being, depression, anxiety, and stress. Results indicated the presence of two distinct false self-presentation behaviors: lying (e.g., untruthful status updates, profile creation) and liking behaviors (e.g., liking posts dishonestly), each associated with different predictors and outcomes. Results indicated that moral norms significantly predicted lying behaviors; and age, self-esteem, group norms, and moral norms significantly predicted liking behaviors. Unexpectedly, liking behaviors were associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas lying behaviors were related to anxiety only. Findings highlight associations between online self-presentation strategies, in particular liking behaviors, on Facebook and possible offline negative mental health.
ongleaf pine ( Pinus palustris ) and hardwood dynamics in a fire-maintained cosystem : A simulation approach

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas of the southeastern U.S. represent an archetype of a fire dependent ecosystem. They are known to have very short fire return intervals (∼1–3 years) that perpetuate understory plant diversity (up to 50 species m−2), support pine recruitment, and suppress fire sensitive hardwoods. Understanding the relationships that regulate longleaf and southern hardwoods is especially critical. With decreased fire frequency, insufficient intensity, or lack of underground competition, a woody mid-story rapidly develops, dominated by fire sensitive trees and shrubs that in-turn suppress more fire dependent species (including pine seedlings). This may occur in forest gaps, where pine-needle abundance is diminished, reducing fire spread potential. The interactions between longleaf pine, hardwoods, forest fuels, and fire frequency are complex and difficult to understand spatially. The objective of this study was to develop a spatially explicit longleaf pine–hardwood stochastic simulation model (LLM), incorporating tree demography, plant competition, and fuel and fire characteristics. Data from two longleaf pine study sites were used to develop and evaluate the model with the goal to incorporate simple site-specific calibration parameters for model versatility. Specific model components included pine seed masting, hardwood clonal sprouting, response to fire (re-sprouting, mortality), and tree density driven competition effects. LLM spatial outputs were consistent with observed forest gap dynamics associated with pine seedling establishment and hardwood encroachment. Changes in fire frequency (i.e., fire probability = 0.35–0.05) illustrated a shift in community structure from longleaf pine dominated to a hardwood dominated community. This approach to assessing model response may be useful in characterizing longleaf ecosystem resilience, especially at intermediate fire frequencies (e.g., 0.15) where the community may be sensitive to small changes in the fire regime. Height distributions and population densities were similar to in situ findings (field and LIDAR data) for both study sites. Height distributions output by the LLM illustrated fluctuations in population structure. The LLM was especially useful in determining knowledge gaps associated with fuel and fire heterogeneity, plant–plant interactions, population structure and its temporal fluctuations, and hardwood demography. This is the first known modeling work to simulate interactions between longleaf pine and hardwoods and provides a foundation for further studies on fire and forest management, especially in relation to ecological forestry practices, restoration, and site-specific applications.
Pathologic changes and contractile properties of the diaphragm in corticosteroid myopathy in hamsters: comparison to peripheral muscle.

Corticosteroids have been shown to produce a myopathy of peripheral skeletal muscle, characterized predominantly by Type II fiber atrophy. To determine if similar histologic and histochemical changes occur in the diaphragm and whether the in vitro contractile properties of this muscle are adversely affected by steroids, we studied two groups of hamsters. The experimental group received triamcinolone while a control group received saline, both given daily for 3 wk as i.m. injections. Soleus (Sol) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles and costal diaphragm muscle sections were stained for histologic (hematoxylin and eosin, modified Gomori trichrome) and histochemical (myosin ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase [SDH]) analysis. Muscle fiber proportions and cross-sectional areas (CSA) were measured from myosin ATPase sections. In vitro studies of isometric contractions were carried out on small strips of costal diaphragm, measuring maximal isometric twitch (Pt) and tetanus (Po) tensions, time to peak tension (TTP), half relaxation time (1/2 RT), force-frequency relationship, and fatigue characteristics (60 Hz tetani; duty cycle, 0.5). Triamcinolone treatment resulted in no change in muscle fiber proportions. There was no effect on Type I fiber CSA; however, there was Type IIa (Sol, EDL) and Type IIb (diaphragm, EDL) fiber atrophy in triamcinolone-treated animals. Pt and Po (normalized for weight) of diaphragm strips were not different. There was a prolongation in TTP and 1/2 RT, a left shift in the force-frequency curve, and a reduced fatiguability of triamcinolone-treated diaphragm (P less than 0.05). We conclude that a steroid myopathy could be explained by a loss of muscle mass (Type IIb fiber atrophy) rather than an intrinsic impairment in contractile function. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NF‐L and peripherin immunoreactivities define distinct classes of rat sensory ganglion cells

Double immunofluorescence studies using antibodies against NF‐L and peripherin revealed three distinct subpopulations of neurons in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In the adult rat, 46% of the DRG neurons were small and peripherin‐positive (NF‐L‐negative), and 48% were large and NF‐L‐positive (peripherin‐negative). About 6% were both peripherin‐ and NF‐L‐positive. All of the DRG neurons reacted with antibodies to NF‐M and nonphosphorylation‐dependent or phosphorylation‐independent antibodies to NF‐H. The neuropeptides were predominantly found in the peripherin‐positive small cell population. Eighty‐seven percent of the peripherin‐positive small cell population contained substance P immunoreactivity, while 43% of this cell population contained CGRP. In contrast, only 18–24% of the NF‐L‐positive large‐cell population contained neuropeptides, and these were primarily in a smaller sized subpopulation. Similar patterns of antigen representation were observed in neonatal (PN2) DRG cell populations. Tissue cultures of sensory ganglion cells from PN2 DRG, in serum‐free medium, stably maintained exclusively peripherin‐positive neurons, with about 5% of these containing coexistent NF‐L immunoreactivity. Very high levels of neuropeptide gene expression were exhibited by these postnatal neurons in culture.