Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Catalyst Cr / Activated Carbonfrom Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Preparation and characterization of catalyst Cr/Activated Carbon from palm empty fruit bunch had been done. The research purpose isdetermining the effect of carbonization temperature towards adsorption of ammonia, iodine number, methylene blue number, and porosity of Activated Carbon and catalyst Cr/Activated Carbon. The determination of porosity include surface area, microspore volume and total pore volume. The results showed the best carbonization temperature Activated Carbon and catalyst Cr/Activated Carbon at 700°C. The adsorption ammonia of Activated Carbon and catalyst Cr/Activated Carbonwas 6.379 mmol/g and 8.1624 mmol/g. The iodine number of Activated Carbon and catalyst Cr/Activated Carbonwas 1520.16 mg/g and 1535.67 mg/g. The methylene blue number of Activated Carbon and catalyst Cr/Activated Carbonwas 281.71 mg/g and 319.18 mg/g. The surface area of Activated Carbon and catalyst Cr/Activated Carbonwas 1527.80 m/g and 1652.58 m/g. The microspore volume of Activated Carbon and catalyst Cr/Activated Carbonwas 0.7460 cm/g and 0.8670 cm/g. The total pore volume of Activated Carbon and catalyst Cr/Activated Carbonwas 0.8243 cm/g and 0.8970 cm/g.
Physiological and genetical aspects of egg production in White Plymouth Rock pullets

White Plymouth Rock pullets selected for a high 8-week bodyweight have an unsatisfactory production of hatching eggs, but this is not the only problem. In addition a great proportion of ovulated yolks are lost for the formation of normal eggs, because they are laid in abnormal eggs. In a study on the relationship between yolk production and egg formation, abnormal eggs were found to be laid when ovulation rate exceeded the limit of one ovulation per egg formation period. Research on the genetic background showed that laying of double-yolked eggs, of two eggs a day, and of normal eggs only is genetically controlled to a large extent. Correlations were calculated between these laying traits and 8-week bodyweight, but those estimates did not provide a conclusive answer. Economically, first eggs of a pair have also to be seen as abnormal, because they proved almost unhatchable. With the help of the sex-linked dwarfing gene dw , it was shown that a reduction of yolk production in the ovary can result in an increase in normal egg laying in hens whose ovulation rate is too high. There seems therefore to be the relationship between total yolk production and the laying of abnormal or normal eggs.
Clonal Propagation of Khaya senegalensis: The Effects of Stem Length, Leaf Area, Auxins, Smoke Solution, and Stockplant Age

Khaya senegalensis is a multipurpose African timber species. The development of clonal propagation could improve plantation establishment, which is currently impeded by mahogany shoot borer. To examine its potential for clonal propagation, the effects of cutting length, leaf area, stockplant maturation, auxin, and smoke solution treatments were investigated. Leafy cuttings rooted well (up to 80%) compared to leafless cuttings (0%). Cuttings taken from seedlings rooted well (at least 95%), but cuttings obtained from older trees rooted poorly (5% maximum). The rooting ability of cuttings collected from older trees was improved (16% maximum) by pollarding. Auxin application enhanced root length and the number of roots while smoke solution did not improve cuttings' rooting ability. These results indicate that juvenile K. senegalensis is amenable to clonal propagation, but further work is required to improve the rooting of cuttings from mature trees.
FEMALE DIRECTORS AND SMES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

The topic of gender has attracted the interest of researchers in recent years. However, most empirical results are based on listed firms. The aim of this paper is to study gender diversity on boards of directors in a samp le of 10,786 Spanish small and medium enterprises (SMEs) using panel data analysis. The results show tha t gender diversity in the boardroom has a positive effect on firm performance. Also, the presence of an individual who is a main shareholder has a positive impact on female representation on the board of directors. In contrast with this, having a non-financial firm as principal shareholder dimin ishes the probability that women will be appointed to the board. The results indicate that women directors prefer to be on the boards of firms with less financial risk. Finally, smaller firms and larger boards include more women as directors.
Impact of Hepatic Steatosis on Resting Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Adaptation in Response to Intentional Weight Loss

Weight loss is the primary intervention for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A decrease in resting metabolic rate (RMR) out of proportion to the degree of weight loss may promote weight regain. We aimed to determine the impact of hepatic steatosis on weight loss‐associated changes in RMR and metabolic adaptation, defined as the difference between predicted and measured RMR after weight loss. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from 114 subjects without diabetes (52 with NAFLD), with body mass index (BMI) >35, and who enrolled in a 6‐month weight loss intervention. Hepatic steatosis was determined by unenhanced computed tomography scans by liver:spleen attenuation ratio <1.1. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. At baseline, patients with hepatic steatosis had higher BMI, fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM), and RMR (RMR, 1,933 kcal/day; 95% confidence interval [CI], 841‐2,025 kcal/day; versus 1,696; 95% CI, 1,641‐1,751; P < 0.0001). After 6 months, the NAFLD group experienced larger absolute declines in weight, FM, and FFM, but percentage changes in weight, FFM, and FM were similar between groups. A greater decline in RMR was observed in patients with NAFLD (−179 kcal/day; 95% CI, −233 to −126 kcal/day; versus −100; 95% CI, −51 to −150; P = 0.0154) for the time × group interaction, and patients with NAFLD experienced greater metabolic adaptation to weight loss (−97 kcal/day; 95% CI, −143 to −50 kcal/day; versus −31.7; 95% CI, −74 to 11; P = 0.0218) for the prediction × group interaction. The change (Δ) in RMR was significantly associated with ΔFM, ΔFFM, and baseline RMR, while metabolic adaptation was significantly associated with female sex and ΔFM only. Conclusion: Hepatic steatosis is associated with a greater reduction in FM, which predicts RMR decline and a higher metabolic adaptation after weight loss, potentially increasing the risk of long‐term weight regain.
Sociodemographic and socioeconomic differences in sleep duration and insomnia-related symtpoms in Finnish adults Lallukka , Tea 2012

Background: Poor sleep tends to be patterned by sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors with sleep duration and insomnia-related symptoms across life course. Methods: We used cross-sectional Health 2000 Survey (2000–2001) among a total of 5,578 adult Finns, aged 30–79 years, representative of adult Finnish population. Data about sociodemographic and socioeconomic circumstances, insomnia-related symptoms over the previous month as well as average sleep duration were collected by questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression models were adjusted first for gender and age, second for sociodemographic factors, third additionally for socioeconomic factors, and fourth for all covariates and self-perceived health simultaneously. Results: On average 70% of Finnish adults slept 7–8 hours a day. Frequent insomnia-related symptoms were more prevalent among women (14%) than men (10%). Not being married, not having children, having low education, low income, being unemployed, and being a disability retiree were associated with frequent insomnia-related symptoms. Similar factors were associated with short and long sleep duration. However, childhood socioeconomic position was mostly unrelated to sleep in adulthood except parental education had some associations with short sleep duration. Conclusions: Disadvantaged socioeconomic position in adulthood, in particular income and employment status, is associated with poorer sleep. When promoting optimal sleep duration and better sleep quality, families with low incomes, unemployed people, and disability retirees should be targeted.
Assessment of vital respiratory indices of petrol pump workers of Kathmandu

Introduction: Petrol pump is a place where workers are exposed to both fuel vapor and the vehicular exhaust fumes. Automobile exhaust, a complex mixture of different gasses such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter, has an adverse impact on the respiratory system. The present cross-sectional study, therefore, has been designed to determine the few vital respiratory indices of petrol pump workers. Methods: Forty nonsmoker petrol pump workers and other forty participants, as a control group from the same locality, were considered in this study. All inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. After participants were familiarized with spiro-excel (PC bases) spirometer, they were asked to perform maneuver – a forced expiratory following full inspiration – until they could duplicate the maneuvers successfully on three consecutive attempts. Parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the 1st s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (%), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% (FEF25%–75%) were recorded in sitting position preceded by 5-min rest, and the best values of three attempts were considered for data analysis using SPSS 16.0 version, and t-test (P < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean ± standard deviation values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%), FEF25%–75%, and PEFR for petrol pump workers versus control groups were 3.44 ± 0.23 versus 3.94 ± 0.25 L, 2.64 ± 0.20 versus 3.24 ± 0.29 L, 77.11% ± 0.08% versus 82.61% ± 0.09%, 4.36 ± 0.37 versus 5.58 ± 0.36 L/s, and 6.35 ± 0.27 versus 7.62 ± 0.45 L/s, respectively. Conclusion: The significant decrease in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%), FEF25%–75%, and PEFR in this study showed that long-term exposure to gasoline fumes/products leads to inflicted changes in lungs functions and could result to obstructive lung disease.
A clinical study of cerebral venous thrombosis

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon form of stroke, usually affecting young population. Clinical features of CVT are diverse, and for this reason, high degree of clinical suspect is mandatory to diagnose the conditions. The objectives of the study were to analyse the commonest clinical modes of presentation, possible etiologies, and to evaluate clinical outcome. Methods: This study was prospective, clinical study was conducted on 40 patients during the period of September 2010 to September 2011 in the Department of Emergency, Institute of Internal medicine at Government General Hospital (GGH), Chennai. All the patients included in the study were subjected to neuroimaging techniques like Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with magnetic resonance venography (MRV) according to guidelines and standard protocol. Results: Majority of the patients involved in the study were in the age group of 15-35 years contributing to 75%. Male: female ratio was 1.5: 1. Headache was the most common presenting symptom seen in 36 (87.5%) cases followed by convulsions in 32 (80%) patients. Altered sensorium was observed in 26 (65%), focal deficits in 22 (55%), and 18 (45%) had fever. Two of them had ear discharge and another with diarrhea. Cranial nerve involvement in 35% and pappiledema was noted in 20% of patients. Out of 40, 17 (42.5%) patients were anemic. Eighteen (18) patients who were suspected of meningitis underwent CSF analysis. Abnormality was seen in 10 patients with pleocytosis being the maximum. On CT scan, haemorrhagic infarct was seen in 22 (55%) cases followed by edema in 8 (20%) and 10% showed normal CT picture. On MRI scan, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis was observed in 24 (60%) patients followed by transverse sinus in 20 (50%) patients. Etiology factor were identified in 25 (62.5%) of patients and in 15 (37.5%) cases risk factors could not be identified. The mortality rate in the study was 20%. Conclusions: The clinical symptoms of CVT are not specific, as a result of chances of misdiagnosis tends to be more. CT scan and MRI along with MRV can improve the precision of CVT diagnosis.
Clinical application of obinutuzumab for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Abstract Alkylators and nucleoside analogs were the main drugs for treatingchronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL), which have been replaced by monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab in the past 10 years for refractory or relapsed CLL. The first-line immunochemotherapy regimen, rituximab combined with nucleoside analogs, significantly increased CLL patients’ first-reaction rate and improved progression-free survival. Despite the long-lasting remissions by the use of chemoimmunotherapy, most CLL patients will relapse eventually. The obinutuzumab (GA101), an updated CD20 antibody, that is thought to achieve a more durable response with unique molecular and functional characteristics. Obinutuzumab is a humanized, monoclonal type II CD20 antibody modified by glycoengineering. The glycoengineered Fc portion enhances the binding affinity to the FcγRIII receptor on immune effector cells, resulting in increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. In addition, the type II antibody binding characteristics of obinutuzumab to CD20 lead to an efficient induction of direct non-apoptotic cell death. This review summarizes the results of clinical studies using obinutuzumab and looks forward to its further application in treating CLL clinically.
Gutenberg‐Richter relation originates from Coulomb stress fluctuations caused by elastic rock heterogeneity

Based on measurements along boreholes, a characterization of the Earth's crust elastic heterogeneity is presented. We investigate its impact on Coulomb stress distribution and earthquake magnitude scaling. The analysis of elastic modulus distribution at various borehole locations in different regions reveals universal fractal nature of elastic heterogeneity. By applying a homogeneous far‐field stress to a representative model of elastic rock heterogeneity, we show that it causes strong Coulomb stress fluctuations. In situ fluctuations of Coulomb stress are mainly controlled by in situ elastic moduli. Fluctuations caused by surrounding heterogeneities are only of minor importance. Hence, the fractal nature of elastic heterogeneity results in Coulomb stress fluctuations with power law size distribution. As a consequence, fault sizes and magnitudes of earthquakes scale according to the Gutenberg‐Richter relation. Due to the universal fractal nature of elastic heterogeneity, the b value should be universal. Deviation from its universal value of b≈1 occurs due to characteristic scales of seismogenic processes, which cause limitations or changes of fractal scaling. Scale limitations are also the reason for observed stress dependency of the b value. Our analysis suggests that the Gutenberg‐Richter relation originates from Coulomb stress fluctuations caused by elastic rock heterogeneity.
Potential Drug-Drug Interactions; A Study Among Patients of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a Tertiary Care Hospital of South Punjab, Pakistan

Objective: To assess the prevalence of drug-drug interactions in medications prescribed to the admitted patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), a tertiary care hospital of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Methodology: Present study was conducted by using retrospective cross-sectional study design. Medication data of 77 patients of any age group without gender discrimination admitted in ICU ward of BVH from January 2016 to March 2016 (three months) was collected and screened to identify drug-drug interactions. Drug interaction checker within www.drugs. com database and reference text book of “Drug Interaction Facts” were used as reference sources. Data was interpreted by using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Results: During study period total 77 patients were admitted in the ICU ward comprised of, 53 females and 24 male patients. On averages 8.86 ± 2.42 drugs were prescribed in each prescription. About 92.2% prescriptions showed at least one drug-drug interaction. Moderate drug-drug interactions were more prevalent with score of 448 (75.04%) as compared to minor 114 (19.1%) and major 35 (5.86%) drug-drug interactions. Conclusion: Detection of potential drug-drug interactions reveals the poor prescribing pattern and highlights the need of effective and regular screening for such interactions to improve the patient care.
Morphological di ¡ erences between ‘ subrugosa ’ and ‘ gregaria ’ morphs of adult Munida ( Decapoda : Anomura : Galatheidae ) from the Beagle Channel , southern South America

Munida subrugosa and M. gregaria are very abundant in the southern hemisphere, especially o¡ New Zealand and South America. The speci¢c identity of both species is still controversial and accurate identi¢cation is needed for conservation or ecological purposes. In this study we used univariate and multivariate methods to determine the morphological di¡erences between both species/morphs. Analyses of covariance of ten morphological variables regressed individually on the carapace length demonstrated that the carapace (including rostrum) and eyestalks (EL) were longer, and the anterior carapace (ACW), the rostrum basis (RBW), and dactylus (DaW) and propodus (PW) of the third maxilliped were wider in M. gregaria than in M. subrugosa. In contrast, the carapace, mandible and eyestalk were wider and the rostrum was longer in M. subrugosa compared to M. gregaria. A stepwise discriminant analysis found that ¢ve body measurements namely DaW, EL, PW, RBWand ACW, were useful to discriminate between both species/morphs. The di¡erence between the two discriminant functions provides an objective decision rule for the classi¢cation of both species/morphs.We also present the linear relationships of wet and dry masses on size, for use in biomass estimations of Munida spp. as prey.
Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh

This study attempts to investigate capital strength, credit risk, ownership structure, bank size, non-interest income, cost efficiency, off-balance sheet activities, liquidity as potential bank specific determinants as well as growth in gross domestic products, inflation as potential macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability by taking 25 commercial banks from Bangladesh for a period ranges from 2006 to 2013. Three different measures of profitability namely return on assets (ROA), net interest margin over total assets (NIM) and return on equity (ROE) are used in the study. The empirical findings suggest that capital strength (both regulatory capital and equity capital) and loan intensity has positive and significant impact on profitability. Results also show that cost efficiency and off-balance sheet activities have negative and significant impact on bank profitability. The impact of other variables is not uniform in respect of different measures of profitability. Non-interest income, credit risk and GGDP are found as important determinant for NIM. Size has a positive and significant impact on ROA. Finally inflation has a negative and significant impact on ROA and ROE.
Effectiveness of secondary school teachers in relation to their gender, age experience and qualification.

Teacher is the key of any educational system. It is said that if you have everything good but teacher is not up to the level, then the system will collapse and contrary to it if physical resources are not up to the requirement but teacher is good the system will rise because an effective teacher can compensate everything but in effective teaching can never be compensated by any other means, therefore teacher is the backbone of the system. The effectiveness of teaching depends on various factors like educational background, job satisfaction, salary, environment, resources, age, gender, experience, social, parental and others co-operation etc.This paper deals comprehensively with effectiveness of secondary school teachers in relation to their gender, experience, age, qualification. Teachers of both the genders constitute the population of this study. Sample of the study comprises of 250 teachers (male=140 and female=110) teaching in different secondary schools in and around the Tinsukia district of Assam. The study revealed that majority of the teachers both male and female has average level of effectiveness in their teaching-learning process. The study demonstrates that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of secondary school teachers in terms of their gender, age, experience and qualification.
Awareness of Medico-Legal Aspects and Documentation amongst Health Professionals in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: The professionals working in a hospital, especially the clinical staff will have to deal with many medical cases which have legal implications. Health care providers are at high risk for litigations. Being aware about medico legal aspects and importance of documentation and performing their duties ethically can safeguard themselves against risks of litigation. Objective: To assess the awareness among health professionals about legal practices and medical documentation in patient care. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with the help of a validated and pre-tested questionnaire involving 219 health professionals belonging to different disciplines of allied health sciences and nursing at a tertiary care hospital in south India. Result: The study showed that the professionals who were involved indirectly, such as pharmacists and health information management professionals scored less than 50% of the total knowledge score while those involved in direct clinical care such as physiotherapists and nurses scored more than 50% of the total knowledge score, and hence better. Similarly professional with three or more years of experience scored above 50% and hence better than professionals with lesser experience. The responses indicated that, the respondents were only able to attain a score around 50% of the maximum attainable. Conclusion: The findings indicate there is a need of bringing on the awareness about the various aspects of medico-legal cases in patient care. This is not only for professional safety but also for the safety of patients at large. Hospital and their administrators should regularly conduct sensitisation programs on medico legal aspects in patient care and importance of documentation