Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship of maternal age to molar pregnancy incidence, risks for chemotherapy and subsequent pregnancy outcome

The national registration and treatment service for molar pregnancies in the UK allows for the collection of accurate data on this relatively rare diagnosis. In England and Wales, between 2000 and 2009, 5,793 patients with complete moles and 7,790 with partial moles were registered, compared with a total of 8,242,511 conceptions. The overall molar pregnancy incidence was 1 for every 607 conceptions (complete mole 1:1,423; partial mole 1:1,058), but with major variations with age. For complete moles, the risk varied from < 1:1,000 for ages 18–40, to 1:156 for women aged 45 and 1:8 for those aged 50 and above. The overall risk of requiring chemotherapy after a complete mole was 13.6% and 1.1% for partial mole, while the risk of a further molar pregnancy in the next conception was 1:68 but each of these figures have considerable variations with age. These modern statistics on molar pregnancy risks and outcomes should be of value to clinicians and their patients, while discussing this rare diagnosis.
Introduction to special section on the Phoenix Mission: Landing Site Characterization Experiments, Mission Overviews, and Expected Science

[1] Phoenix, the first Mars Scout mission, capitalizes on the large NASA investments in the Mars Polar Lander and the Mars Surveyor 2001 missions. On 4 August 2007, Phoenix was launched to Mars from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on a Delta 2 launch vehicle. The heritage derived from the canceled 2001 lander with a science payload inherited from MPL and 2001 instruments gives significant advantages. To manage, build, and test the spacecraft and its instruments, a partnership has been forged between the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the University of Arizona (home institution of principal investigator P. H. Smith), and Lockheed Martin in Denver; instrument and scientific contributions from Canada and Europe have augmented the mission. The science mission focuses on providing the ground truth for the 2002 Odyssey discovery of massive ice deposits hidden under surface soils in the circumpolar regions. The science objectives, the instrument suite, and the measurements needed to meet the objectives are briefly described here with reference made to more complete instrument papers included in this special section. The choice of a landing site in the vicinity of 68°N and 233°E balances scientific value and landing safety. Phoenix will land on 25 May 2008 during a complex entry, descent, and landing sequence using pulsed thrusters as the final braking strategy. After a safe landing, twin fan-like solar panels are unfurled and provide the energy needed for the mission. Throughout the 90-sol primary mission, activities are planned on a tactical basis by the science team; their requests are passed to an uplink team of sequencing engineers for translation to spacecraft commands. Commands are transmitted each Martian morning through the Deep Space Network by way of a Mars orbiter to the spacecraft. Data are returned at the end of the Martian day by the same path. Satisfying the mission's goals requires digging and providing samples of interesting layers to three on-deck instruments. By verifying that massive water ice is found near the surface and determining the history of the icy soil by studying the mineralogical, chemical, and microscopic properties of the soil grains, Phoenix will address questions concerning the effects of climate change in the northern plains. A conclusion that unfrozen water has modified the soil naturally leads to speculation as to the biological potential of the soil, another scientific objective of the mission.
Nutritive value, flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity of the truffle (Terfezia boudieri Chatin)

In this study, the amounts of dry matter, moisture, crude ash, protein, fat and organic matter in T. boudieri were determined to be 89.75, 10.25, 7.80, 20.13, 3.45 and 81.95% of the dry weight, respectively. The contents of mineral were: macronutrients (mg/g, dry wt) K 63.8, Ca 0.27 and Na 0.2; micronutrients (mg/kg, dry wt) Fe 1455.0, Zn 42.5, Mn 15.8 and Cu 30.1. Toxic elements such as Pb, Ni, Cd and Co concentrations were found to be under the detection limit of the used metod. The distribution of fatty acid was found to be 16.13%C16:0 0.98% C16:1 2.98% C18:0′ 4.91%C,18:1’ 69.74% C18:2’ 4.53% C18:3 and 0.72% C22:0 of the wet weight. The amounts of myricetin, kaempferol, naringin, naringenin and resveratrol were determined to be 1.75, 0.25, 98.75, 0.25 and 2.25 μg/g of the dry weight, respectively. And also, free radical scavenging activity was understood to be 22.24 %.
What do healthcare providers ask their patients with immune thrombocytopenia?

Clinical signs suggestive of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) include bruising, petechiae, nose bleeds, genitourinary (GU) bleeding, gum bleeding, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and gynecologic bleeding [1]. Clinical experience and adverse events in clinical trials reveal other ITP-associated symptoms such as arthritis, abdominal pain, sleep disturbances, headache, and fatigue. Asking patients about such symptoms supplements the platelet count in assessing disease status and impact, and thus helps in the design of a patient-specific management plan. A short practice patterns survey was administered to healthcare providers attending ITP Continuing Medical Education (CME) activities to assess the questions they ask patients in monitoring visits. A high percentage of respondents routinely ask about signs of bleeding and associated symptoms but not as frequently about health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Only 39% of respondents ask about difficulty with sleep. A short standardized questionnaire may be a useful tool to help healthcare providers gather information about their patients with ITP.
Visual Demand of Driving and the Execution of Display-Intensive in-Vehicle Tasks

To gain insight as to when telematics can be distracting, 16 participants drove a simulator on roads with long curves of several different radii. Participants read electronic maps displayed in the center console while both parked and driving. In separate trials, the visual demand/workload of the same straight and curved sections was measured using the visual occlusion technique. Visual demand was correlated with inverse curve radius. As visual demand increased, driving performance declined. Participants made shorter glances at the display, made more of them, but waited longer between glances. Overall, task completion time increased when the task was performed while driving (versus while parked), except for short duration tasks (a single glance or under 3 seconds timed while parked), where task time decreased. While driving, task completion times were relatively unaffected by the driving workload.
Behaviour and energetics of ice-breeding, North Atlantic phocid seals during the lactation period

This review presents a comparative analysis of the behaviour and energetics of the ice-breeding phocid seals of the North Atlantic in relation to their habitat(s). In very broad terms, it suggests that the term 'ice-breeding' is too simplistic and may lead to misconceptions about the actual degree of variability that exists in the breeding habitats of seals that do not give birth on land. The variation that exists within ice habitats is quite remarkable in terms of: temporal and structural stability of the pupping platform; the degree to which animals have access to the water; the risk of predation; and perhaps also the local availability of food. These factors all appear to influence the behaviour of mothers and pups and the allocation of energy during the lactation period of the species studied. Two basically different nursing strategies can be identified that may have evolved, at least in part, as a consequence of variation in these variables. The pattern displayed by grey (Halichoerus grypus), harp (Phoca groenlandica) and hooded (Cystophora cristata) seals involves a short lactation period, during which a large amount of energy is transferred from the mother to the pup through extremely-energy-rich milk. Pups of these species are very inactive and consequently a very high proportion of the received energy can be stored as body tissue, mainly in the form of subcutaneous blubber. The mothers generally feed little or not at all during the nursing period and the pups are weaned abruptly, having not yet entered the water in most cases, The other strategy, found in bearded (Erignathus barbatus) and ringed (Phoca hispida) seals, involves a longer lactation period, where less-energy-rich milk is transferred to very active pups. These pups learn to swim and dive during the nursing period, and are weaned with body compositions that are similar to those of adults. The mothers feed during lactation and weaning is less abrupt, with pups feeding independently, while still receiving milk from their mothers.
TLR pathways and IFN‐regulatory factors: To each its own

TLR trigger the induction of type I IFN (IFN‐alpha/beta), providing a crucial mechanism of anti‐viral defense. Until recently, TLR were thought to induce type I IFN responses by activating two transcription factors which belong to the IFN‐regulatory factor (IRF) family, IRF‐3 and IRF‐7. TLR‐3 and TLR‐4 induce IFN‐beta by activating IRF‐3; TLR‐9 induces IFN‐alpha and IFN‐beta through IRF‐7, at least when engaged by type A CpG oligonucleotides (CpG‐A) in plasmacytoid DC (pDC). In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, it is demonstrated that TLR‐9 induces IFN‐beta when engaged by type B CpG oligonucleotides (CpG‐B) in myeloid DC and macrophages. Remarkably, this response is independent of IRF‐3/7 and, in fact, requires another IRF family member, IRF‐1. IRF‐1 is recruited by TLR‐9 through the adaptor MyD88. Deficiency of the TLR‐9→IRF‐1→IFN‐beta pathway results in impaired anti‐viral responses not only in vitro but also in vivo. These results demonstrate that TLR induce IFN‐alpha or IFN‐beta responses by activating distinct IRF, depending on the TLR ligand and the cell type. These distinct TLR‐IRF pathways may allow the immune system to tailor its responses to viral pathogens.
Probing the pore of the auditory hair cell mechanotransducer channel in turtle

Hair cell mechano‐electric transducer (MET) channels play a pivotal role in auditory and vestibular signal detection, yet few data exist regarding their molecular nature. Present work characterizes the MET channel pore, a region whose properties are thought to be intrinsically determined. Two approaches were used. First, the channel was probed with antagonists of candidate channel subtypes including: cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels, transient receptor potential channels and gap‐junctional channels. Eight new antagonists were identified. Most of the effective antagonists had a partially charged amine group predicted to penetrate the channel pore, antagonizing current flow, while the remainder of the molecule prevented further permeation of the compound through the pore. This blocking mechanism was tested using curare to demonstrate the open channel nature of the block and by identifying methylene blue as a permeant channel blocker. The second approach estimated dimensions of the channel pore with simple amine compounds. The narrowest diameter of the pore was calculated as 12.5 ± 0.8 Å and the location of a binding site ∼45% of the way through the membrane electric field was calculated. Channel length was estimated as ∼31 Å and the width of the pore mouth at < 17 Å. Each effective antagonist had a minimal diameter, measured about the penetrating amine, of less than the pore diameter, with a direct correlation between IC50 and minimal diameter. The IC50 was also directly related to the length of the amine side chains, further validating the proposed pore blocking mechanism. Data provided by these two approaches support a hypothesis regarding channel permeation and block that incorporates molecular dimensions and ion interactions within the pore.
Sleep-related epilepsy in the A/J mouse.

RATIONALE Evident seizures during sleep are common in clinical practice but are uncommonly considered in animal models of epilepsy. A previous observation of spontaneous spike-and-wave activity during sleep in several A/J mice (A/J JAX) from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) prompted this description of the inheritance of epileptic activity. METHODS Mice from A/J, C57BI/6J (B6), and chromosomal substitutions strains were instrumented to record EEG and EMG activity over time without and with anti-epileptic drugs. Intercrosses were performed using linkage analysis to localize sub-chromosomal regions. RESULTS Spike-discharge patterns (n = 12 mice) were of average duration of 1.9 seconds at a rate per hour of 17, with an intrinsic frequency of 6.41 Hz and an amplitude of 634.8 microV. Clonic movements were observed in < 10% of the episodes. Episodes were expressed (> 75%) either in slow-wave sleep or in transitions to and from slow-wave sleep. Events were rare in paradoxical sleep. Compared with vehicle, intraperitoneal administration of ethosuximide (150 mg/kg) or diazepam (5 mg/kg) inhibited or eliminated seizure activity, respectively. In contrast, spontaneous spike-and-wave activity was not observed in A/J mice from Harlan National Laboratories (Indianapolis, Ind) or in B6 mice from Jackson Laboratory. In an intercross between A/J JAX and B6 mice, the trait was not present in the first generation. The trait was observed in 2 chromosome-substitution strains, B6.A4 and B6.A7. In the intercross second generation of these chromosome-substitution strains (n = 113), significant linkage was observed to loci on chromosome 4. CONCLUSIONS This is a sleep-related epilepsy phenotype that exhibits an oligogenic pattern of allelic inheritance.
Absence of constitutional H2AX gene mutations in 101 hereditary breast cancer families

Several genes involved in the DNA damage response and in maintaining genomic stability have emerged as breast cancer susceptibility genes. These include BRCA1 and BRCA2, as well as other genes with smaller contributions to breast cancer aetiology, such as TP53 , CHEK2 , and ATM . Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase sensitivity to DNA damage and decrease cellular capacity to repair double strand DNA breaks through homologous recombination.1–3 Interestingly, DNA damage induces activation of ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated), which performs a central role in relaying signals that orchestrate DNA repair.4 People with heterozygous nonsense mutations in ATM appear to display increased susceptibility to breast cancer.5–7 Besides rapidly phosphorylating BRCA1,8 activated ATM also phosphorylates p53 and CHEK2 (CHK2, hCDS1), which have been implicated in breast cancer predisposition. Germline mutations in TP53 or CHEK2 cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a multiple cancer phenotype syndrome, which features early onset breast cancer.9,10 Recently, it was found that germline mutations in CHEK2 also increase the relative risk for breast cancer outside the Li-Fraumeni syndrome.11,12 Given …
Quantitative Detection of Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Subtype A RNA by the Nuclisens EasyQ Assay (Version 1.1)

ABSTRACT No commercial viral load assay has yet been approved for use for measurement of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) RNA levels in plasma. We assessed the performance of the NucliSens EasyQ (version 1.1) assay (EasyQ; bioMérieux, Boxtel, The Netherlands) to quantify HIV-2 viremia. A viral stock was prepared from an HIV-2 (subtype A)-infected patient. Culture supernatant was subjected to viral particle counting by electron microscopy. Serial dilutions of the viral stock were made in HIV-negative plasma and were used to test EasyQ for its sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility. RNA was quantified by the NucliSens EasyQ (version 1.1) assay. Plasma samples from 75 HIV-2-infected patients were further tested. EasyQ was able to quantify HIV-2 RNA in a reproducible manner. Overall, estimates of the number of HIV-2 RNA copies/ml obtained with EasyQ were lower than those obtained by electron microscopy; however, the differences were always less than 0.7 log (mean, 0.55 ± 0.19 log10). The assay showed good linearity (r2 = 0.964; P < 0.0001). The agreement between both measures was assessed by use of a Bland-Altman plot; the narrow limits (0.158 to 0.952), defined as the mean difference ± 2 standard deviations, indicated good agreement. The reproducibility was also good, since the between-run coefficients of variation were 1.49, 3.60, and 12.25% for samples containing 6.30, 4.30, and 2.30 log10 HIV-2 RNA copies/ml, respectively. HIV-2 RNA was detected in 34 of 75 (45%) plasma specimens (mean, 2.72 log RNA copies/ml; range, 1.74 to 4.11 log RNA copies/ml); the rest of the specimens were considered to have undetectable viremia. A negative correlation was found between the number of HIV-2 RNA copies/ml and CD4 counts. In summary, EasyQ was shown to be reliable for the measurement of plasma HIV-2 subtype A RNA levels and may be a feasible tool for routine clinical monitoring of HIV-2 subtype A-infected patients.
Hospital Practices in the Collection of Patient Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: A Statewide Survey, California, 2011

California mandates hospitals to collect and report patient race, ethnicity, and primary spoken language (REL). A lack of specific guidelines and standardized practices on how data should be collected has contributed to inconsistent and incomplete data.General acute care hospitals in California completed a survey to elucidate practices regarding collection and auditing of patient REL. Nearly all hospitals reported collecting race and/or ethnicity (97%). The majority of hospitals used standardized forms for collection, and 75% audited patient information for completeness. Popular accepted strategies to improve the quality and completeness of REL included collecting data at the first encounter, routine staff training, incorporating REL questions into existing admissions forms, and developing and enforcing hospital policies regarding data collection.California hospitals are collecting information on patient REL as mandated, but variation in data collection exists. Hospitals endorse many reasonable approaches for standardization, and may benefit from standardized data collection and auditing practices.
Rous Sarcoma Virus Synaptic Complex Capable of Concerted Integration Is Kinetically Trapped by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors*

Background: Structure of the three-domain Rous sarcoma virus integrase with viral DNA is lacking. Results: Soluble (>1.5 mg/ml) and stable synaptic complex using Rous sarcoma virus integrase, DNA, and HIV-1 strand transfer inhibitors was produced. Conclusion: Two integrase dimers assemble onto viral DNA to produce a synaptic complex. Significance: This is the first report producing a high concentration of soluble and kinetically stabilized RSV synaptic complex. We determined conditions to produce milligram quantities of the soluble Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) synaptic complex that is kinetically trapped by HIV strand transfer inhibitors (STIs). Concerted integration catalyzed by RSV integrase (IN) is effectively inhibited by HIV STIs. Optimized assembly of the RSV synaptic complex required IN, a gain-of-function 3′-OH-recessed U3 oligonucleotide, and an STI under specific conditions to maintain solubility of the trapped synaptic complex at 4 °C. A C-terminal truncated IN (1–269 residues) produced a homogeneous population of trapped synaptic complex that eluted at ∼151,000 Da upon Superdex 200 size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Approximately 90% of input IN and DNA are incorporated into the trapped synaptic complex using either the C-terminally truncated IN or wild type IN (1–286 residues). No STI is present in the SEC running buffer suggesting the STI-trapped synaptic complex is kinetically stabilized. The yield of the trapped synaptic complex correlates with the dissociative half-life of the STI observed with HIV IN-DNA complexes. Dolutegravir, MK-2048, and MK-0536 are equally effective, whereas raltegravir is ∼70% as effective. Without an STI present in the assembly mixture, no trapped synaptic complex was observed. Fluorescence and mass spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the STI remains associated with the trapped complex. SEC-multiangle light scattering analyses demonstrated that wild type IN and the C-terminal IN truncation are dimers that acted as precursors to the tetramer. The purified STI-trapped synaptic complex contained a tetramer as shown by cross-linking studies. Structural studies of this three-domain RSV IN in complex with viral DNA may be feasible.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Effect of insertion method on knoop hardness of high viscous glass ionomer cements

The aim of this study was to assess the Knoop hardness of three high viscous glass ionomer cements: G1 - Ketac Molar; G2 - Ketac Molar Easymix (3M ESPE) and G3 - Magic Glass ART (Vigodent). As a parallel goal, three different methods for insertion of Ketac Molar Easymix were tested: G4 - conventional spatula; G5 - commercial syringe (Centrix) and G6 - low-cost syringe. Ten specimens of each group were prepared and the Knoop hardness was determined 5 times on each specimen with a HM-124 hardness machine (25 g/30 s dwell time) after 24 h, 1 and 2 weeks. During the entire test period, the specimens were stored in liquid paraffin at 37 ° C. Significant differences were found between G3 and G1/G2 (two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test; p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the results among the multiple ways of insertion. The glass ionomer cement Magic Glass ART showed the lowest hardness, while the insertion technique had no significant influence on hardness.
Stability of the Astronomical Frequencies Over the Earth's History for Paleoclimate Studies

The expected changes over the past 500 million years in the principal astronomical frequencies influencing the Earth's climate may be strong enough to be detectable in the geological records, and such effects have been inferred in several cases. Calculations suggest that the shortening of the Earth-moon distance and of the length of the day back in time induced a shortening of the fundamental periods for the obliquity and climatic precession, from 54 to 35, 41 to 29, 23 to 19, and 19 to 16 thousand years over the last half-billion years. At the same time, the precessional constant increased from 50 to 61 arc seconds per year. The changes in the frequencies of the planetary system due to its chaotic motion are much smaller; their influence on the changes of the periods of climatic precession, obliquity, and eccentricity of the Earth's orbit around the sun can be neglected. Eccentricity periods used for Quaternary climate studies may therefore be considered to have been more or less constant for pre-Quaternary times.
Gross Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands in Indian Gray Mongoose, (Herpestes Edwardsii)

There was no data in the literature about normal anatomical features of thyroid and parathyroid glands in adult mongooses. These information's are necessary for comparative anatomic, morphologic and physiologic studies. The present study was Target to form the baseline data of normal morphological features of thyroid and parathyroid glands in adult mongooses. Six adult mongooses (3 males and 3 females) were used to study these glands macroscopically. This study revealed that thyroid gland was located on either side of dorsolateral aspect of trachea and its lobes were flat, oval elongated in shape. Therefore the anatomical location and morphological features of thyroid gland in adult mongoose were similar to other animals, But its shape show some variations comparing to other animals. The mongoose parathyroid glands as small structure embedded within the thyroid parenchyma which their location in the lobes of thyroid have considerable variation in comparing to other animals.