Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the wake deflection downstream of a wind turbine in different atmospheric stabilities: an LES study

Abstract. An intentional yaw misalignment of wind turbines is currently discussed as one possibility to increase the overall energy yield of wind farms. The idea behind this control is to decrease wake losses of downstream turbines by altering the wake trajectory of the controlled upwind turbines. For an application of such an operational control, precise knowledge about the inflow wind conditions, the magnitude of wake deflection by a yawed turbine and the propagation of the wake is crucial. The dependency of the wake deflection on the ambient wind conditions as well as the uncertainty of its trajectory are not sufficiently covered in current wind farm control models. In this study we analyze multiple sources that contribute to the uncertainty of the estimation of the wake deflection downstream of yawed wind turbines in different ambient wind conditions. We find that the wake shapes and the magnitude of deflection differ in the three evaluated atmospheric boundary layers of neutral, stable and unstable thermal stability. Uncertainty in the wake deflection estimation increases for smaller temporal averaging intervals. We also consider the choice of the method to define the wake center as a source of uncertainty as it modifies the result. The variance of the wake deflection estimation increases with decreasing atmospheric stability. Control of the wake position in a highly convective environment is therefore not recommended.
Cotton farmers' vulnerability to climate change in Gokwe District (Zimbabwe) : impact and influencing factors

This study analyzes the vulnerability of cotton farmers to climate change in a cotton growing district in Zimbabwe. The vulnerability indicators studied include cotton output and farmers’ livelihoods from cotton farming. In order to examine climate variability and change, a time series analysis of two variables: temperature and rainfall was done for a period of 30 years, resulting in graphs of any climate anomalies. Correlation tests between the independent variable (the climate) and the dependent variable (cotton output) were assessed in order to examine the nature and the magnitude of the relationship between the two. The opinions of 100 randomly sampled farmers were analysed in an attempt to verify the climate scenarios and cotton production trends, as well as to understand their adaptation to climate change. Negative rainfall deviations from the long-term mean and positive temperature deviations dominated the climate trend scenarios’ results. Cotton production levels declined as precipitation decreased and temperatures increased across the district. The survey revealed that a significant number of farmers believed that temperatures were increasing and precipitation was declining. Farmers’ perceptions on whether the climate was changing were greatly influenced by incidences of drought and changes in the seasonal timing of rainfall, and in few cases unusual floods. The majority believed the frequency of droughts was increasing. While farmers were prepared to adapt to changes in climate, their options were very limited. The results show that farmers are highly vulnerable to climate change and that there is a need to invest in climate adaptation strategies, including policies on irrigation and early warning systems to help farmers to cope better and to reduce their vulnerability to climate change.
Environment operational performance effect on costs of capital structure financing of the Nigerian listed manufacturing companies

Environmental performance of the Nigerian companies has become an issue of interest due to the negative effect of the companies' operations to the natural environment. The performance affects costs of capital structure financing because of its risk implication. Thus, the study examined the performance effect on costs of capital structure financing. Unlike the resource-depletion view of the performance, it is posited that environment operational performance lowers the companies’ costs of capital structure financing. With analysis of 53 listed companies from Nigerian Stock Exchange Market, negative effects are found between the environment operational performance and costs of capital structure financing of the companies. This aligned with instrumental stakeholder's theory of favourable resource allocation arising from improved environmental performance. It contributed to the understanding of capital structure financing advantage that can be achieved with environmental performance, thus supported the win-win view of corporate environmental performance.
The Use of Data Mining Methods to Predict the Result of Infertility Treatment Using the IVF ET Method

Abstract The IVF ET method is a scientifically recognized infertility treat- ment method. The problem, however, is this method’s unsatisfactory efficiency. This calls for a more thorough analysis of the information available in the treat- ment process, in order to detect the factors that have an effect on the results, as well as to effectively predict result of treatment. Classical statistical methods have proven to be inadequate in this issue. Only the use of modern methods of data mining gives hope for a more effective analysis of the collected data. This work provides an overview of the new methods used for the analysis of data on infertility treatment, and formulates a proposal for further directions for research into increasing the efficiency of the predicted result of the treatment process.
Inter-Ethnic Neighbourhood Acquaintanceships of Migrants and Natives in Germany

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Limpet aragonite and ocean acidification

Limpets counteract ocean acidification induced shell corrosion by thickening of aragonitic shell layers G. Langer, G. Nehrke, C. Baggini, R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, J. Hall-Spencer, and J. Bijma Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK Biogeosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK CoRéUs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre IRD de Noumea, Noumea, New Caledonia
Factors Influencing the Acceptance of International Public Sector Accounting Standards in Cameroon

There is a growing consensus that governments should be held financially accountable, and Cameroon like many developing countries faces the challenge of running a sound government accounting system that guarantees accountability and transparency. Governments strive to adopt a new public management philosophy which focuses on the change in management practices of the public sector towards more private sector practices with the aim of rendering the public sector more cost effective and efficient. The transition from cash to accrual based International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) in order to overcome the rising unaccountability and opaqueness in the use of public sector finances becomes a daunting task. In this respect, Cameroon tends to accept international accounting standards that can be adapted easily to its local situation and also make its financial reports more reliable, standardised, comparable, and attractive on the international scene. With this backdrop, the paper sought to investigate the factors influencing the acceptance of government accounting reforms in general and IPSAS in particular in Cameroon. A survey was conducted in the Ministry of Finance (MINFI) and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Ordered Logistics Estimation techniques used. The main findings revealed the determining factors of IPSAS acceptance in Cameroon namely: knowledge and awareness, institutional organisation, staff training and recruitment, management information system, qualification, sex, implementation cost, political support, and age. The paper ends up proposing a careful study of these factors by the government for any successful public sector accounting reform and IPSAS acceptance to take place.
Seismic Response Prediction of Buildings with Base Isolation Using Advanced Soft Computing Approaches

Modeling response of structures under seismic loads is an important factor in Civil Engineering as it crucially affects the design and management of structures, especially for the high-risk areas. In this study, novel applications of advanced soft computing techniques are utilized for predicting the behavior of centrically braced frame (CBF) buildings with lead-rubber bearing (LRB) isolation system under ground motion effects. These techniques include least square support vector machine (LSSVM), wavelet neural networks (WNN), and adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) along with wavelet denoising. The simulation of a 2D frame model and eight ground motions are considered in this study to evaluate the prediction models. The comparison results indicate that the least square support vector machine is superior to other techniques in estimating the behavior of smart structures.
The Arabic Origins of English Pronouns: A Lexical Root Theory Approach

This paper examines the genetic relationship between all personal pronouns, which are part of the core vocabulary of language, in Arabic and English mainly as well as German, French, and Latin secondarily. Converse to traditional views in comparative historical linguistics in which Arabic and English, for example, are classified as members of different language families, it shows how such pronouns are related to and derived from one another, where Arabic may be their end origin. The paper applies the principles and tools of the lexical root theory according to which the pronouns are shown to have the same or similar forms and meanings with slight phonetic, morphological and semantic or lexical changes.
HAART and Causes of Death in Perinatally HIV-1-Infected Children

Claudia Palladino1, Jose Maria Bellon2, Francisco J. Climent3, Maria del Palacio Tamarit1, Isabel de Jose4 and Ma Angeles Munoz-Fernandez1 1Laboratorio de Inmuno-Biologia Molecular, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Maranon” 2Unidad de Investigacion, Fundacion de Investigacion Biomedica Hospital “Gregorio Maranon” 3Servicio Infecciosas, Hospital “Ramon y Cajal” 4Servicio Infecciosas Infantil, Hospital Universitario “La Paz”, Madrid, Spain
Further Remarks on Asymptotic Behavior of the Numerical Solutions of Parabolic Blow-up Problems

We consider a semilinear parabolic equation ut = uxx + f(u) (0 < x < 1, 0 < t), and a finite difference approximation for it. We discuss the way how the asymptotic profile of the blow-up solution is reproduced by the numerical solution. We will also determine qualitatively the influence of the definition of time mesh on the blow-up set of the numerical solution. Moreover, we show that explicit and implicit schemes may claim different blow-up sets.
Association of the copepod Macrosetella gracilis with the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. in the North Pacific Gyre

The harpacticoid copepod Macrosetella gracilis is found in pelagic habitats in tropical and subtropical oceans associated with colonies of the N2 fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. In the central North Pacific near Hawaii, M. gracilis was abundant (1.8 ± 1.4 (SD) M. gracilis adults m -3 and 4.7 ± 3.9 M. gracilis copepodites m -3 ) and constituted an average of 10.8% of the total copepod population. However, we observed no statistically discernable correlation between M. gracilis and Trichodesmium spp. abundances, suggesting that availability of Trichodesmium spp. did not limit the abundance of M. gracilis during our study. In previous laboratory studies M. gracilis had been shown to have the ability to ingest Trichodesmium spp. trichomes and appeared immune to cyano- bacterial toxins harmful to other species of copepods. Natural abundance of stable isotopes (δ 15 N, δ 13 C) in copepod tissue from field samples suggested that the diet of M. gracilis was not predominately composed of Trichodesmium spp. as proposed by previous research. Natural abundance of δ 15 N was similar for M. gracilis (3.06 ± 2.29), Miracia efferata (1.83 ± 0.88), and calanoid copepods (2.7 ± 1.95). No Trichodesmium spp. were observed in M. gracilis gut contents. Trichodesmium spp. was not a predominant food in the diet of this copepod, but colonies of the toxic cyanobacterium could provide shelter from predation and be used as a floating substrate for adult and juveniles of M. gracilis.
Transfer of Risk in Emerging Eastern European Stock Markets: A Sectoral Perspective

This paper studies the market integration of Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic by utilizing the multivariate GARCH analysis of Engle and Kroner (1995) for which a BEKK representation is adopted. We investigate the transmission of the US subprime crisis across Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic in a sectoral setting. In addition, we attempt to identify whether the three emerging Eastern European countries have become more integrated after their EU accessions in 2004, in a regional setting. Our results clearly indicate the existence of direct linkages between different stock market sectors with respect to returns and volatilities. We found that the transmission of equity shocks between markets has increased after the EU accession in 2004. Notably, the intra-industry contagion in emerging Europe has increased after this accession. Our findings have significant implications for asset pricing and portfolio selection for international financial institutions and financial managers.
Anomaly in the Opacity of the Post-reionization Intergalactic Medium in the Lyα and Lyβ Forest

We measure the intergalactic medium (IGM) opacity in the Lyα as well as in the Lyβ forest along 19 quasar sightlines between 5.5 ≲ zabs ≲ 6.1, probing the end stages of the reionization epoch. Owing to its lower oscillator strength, the Lyβ transition is sensitive to different gas temperatures and densities than Lyα, providing additional constraints on the ionization and thermal state of the IGM. A comparison of our measurements to different inhomogeneous reionization models, derived from post-processing the Nyx cosmological hydrodynamical simulation to include spatial fluctuations in the ultraviolet background or the gas temperature field, as well as to a uniform reionization model with varying thermal states of the IGM, leads to two primary conclusions: First, we find that including the effects of spectral noise is key for a proper data to model comparison. Noise effectively reduces the sensitivity to high-opacity regions, and thus even stronger spatial inhomogeneities are required to match the observed scatter in the observations than previously inferred. Second, we find that models that come close to reproducing the distribution of Lyα effective optical depths nevertheless underpredict the Lyβ opacity at the same spatial locations. The origin of this disagreement is not entirely clear, but models with an inversion in the temperature–density relation of the IGM just after reionization is completed match our measurements best, although they still do not fully capture the observations at z ≳ 5.8.
Comparison of Morphing Wing Strategies Based Upon Aircraft Performance Impacts

Conventional aircraft are designed for a specific mission and/or set of performance requirements. These requirements often cause the performance for certain mission segments to be compromised because of fixed wing geometry. While some devices, such as flaps, have been used to augment the wing geometry, new materials are being developed that could allow significant wing morphing capability. This paper demonstrates the impact of a morphing wing on aircraft performance and provides a method to compare various morphing strategies.
Satisfaction Not Guaranteed - Institutions and Satisfaction with Democracy in Western Europe

What determines citizens’ satisfaction with the “constitution in operation”? We make two contributions towards an answer to this important policy question. First, we place stronger emphasis than existing studies on quantitative interpretations of the importance of different factors. We use scenario analysis to show that a consensual system generally promotes satisfaction, but affects different types of citizens differently. Second, we focus on informal institutions and rules of the game in European societies. Corporatism and group membership as a measure of social capital are good for satisfaction, and people who live in countries with a high degree of income inequality tend to be less satisfied. The findings for trust and for the rule of law are ambiguous.
Spinels Renaissance: The past, present, and future of those ubiquitous minerals and materials. Bond-length fluctuation in the orthorhombic 3 × 3 × 1 superstructure of LiMn2O4 spinel

Abstract Single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments are conducted on spinel-type LiMn2O4 at 230 and 320 K to investigate the effect of charge disproportionation of Mn ions on phase transition near room temperature. The orthorhombic 3ac × 3ac × 1ac superstructure of the low-temperature form, where “ac” is the ideal cubic cell edge, has a network of Mn4+ ions at the vertices of a slightly distorted truncated square tessellation comprising one square and two octagonal prisms; the square prism and one type of octagonal prism house Mn3+ ions with Jahn-Teller (JT) elongated Mn-O bonds almost parallel to the c and b axes, respectively, whereas the other octagonal prism houses Mn ions with JT-induced bond-length fluctuation for the Mn-O bonds lying almost parallel to the a axis. The Mn ions in the latter octagonal prism are assumed to exchange their oxidation states dynamically between 3+ and 4+ in a time ratio of -3:1, forming a polaron centered at a Mn4O4 heterocubane cluster with orbital and spin orders. The high-temperature cubic form contains an inherent positional disordering of oxygen ions. The effect of the molecular polarons on the phase transition mechanism is discussed on the basis of a spin blockade in the form of truncated square tessellation.
Causes of milk fat depression in dairy cows.

Fat is typically the most variable component in milk, and is affected by many physiological and environmental factors. In dairy cattle, both the concentration and composition of milk fat are influenced by the diet. Concentration is reduced by feeding diets that contain large proportions of readily-fermentable carbohydrates (starch) and unsaturated fat. Conversely, the percentage of fat in milk can be increased by feeding rumen-inert fats. Milk fat depression is due to changes in rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids and the passage of specific intermediates of biohydrogenation out of the rumen (e.g. trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid) that subsequently reduce milk fat synthesis in the mammary gland. Low milk fat tests typically occur as a result of several concurrent diet or management factors rather than as a result of a single factor. Low rumen pH is a key change in the rumen environment that may lead to flux of fatty acids through alternate pathways of ruminalbiohydrogenation. In this situation, high concentrate/low forage diets or dietary supplements of plant oils or fish oils cause a dramatic decline in milk fat secretion, whereas yields of milk and other milk components remain unchanged. If the feeding of unsaturated fats reduces the numbers or activity of fiber-digesting bacteria in the rumen, then feed intake can decrease, milk production can decrease, and milk fat concentration can decrease. This review contains the information about the milk fat depression which is caused by improper feeding. And also its huge economic losses in farm animals.
Cosmological constraints from cosmic shear two-point correlation functions with HSC survey first-year data

We present measurements of cosmic shear two-point correlation functions (TPCFs) from Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC) first-year data, and derive cosmological constraints based on a blind analysis. The HSC first-year shape catalog is divided into four tomographic redshift bins ranging from $z=0.3$ to 1.5 with equal widths of $\Delta z =0.3$. The unweighted galaxy number densities in each tomographic bin are 5.9, 5.9, 4.3, and $2.4\:$arcmin$^{-2}$ from the lowest to highest redshifts, respectively. We adopt the standard TPCF estimators, $\xi _\pm$, for our cosmological analysis, given that we find no evidence of significant B-mode shear. The TPCFs are detected at high significance for all 10 combinations of auto- and cross-tomographic bins over a wide angular range, yielding a total signal-to-noise ratio of 19 in the angular ranges adopted in the cosmological analysis, $7^{\prime }<\theta <56^{\prime }$ for $\xi _+$ and $28^{\prime }<\theta <178^{\prime }$ for $\xi _-$. We perform the standard Bayesian likelihood analysis for cosmological inference from the measured cosmic shear TPCFs, including contributions from intrinsic alignment of galaxies as well as systematic effects from PSF model errors, shear calibration uncertainty, and source redshift distribution errors. We adopt a covariance matrix derived from realistic mock catalogs constructed from full-sky gravitational lensing simulations that fully account for survey geometry and measurement noise. For a flat $\Lambda$ cold dark matter model, we find $S\,_8 \equiv \sigma _8\sqrt{\Omega _{\rm m}/0.3}=0. 804_{-0.029}^{+0.032}$, and $\Omega _{\rm m}=0.346_{-0.100}^{+0.052}$. We carefully check the robustness of the cosmological results against astrophysical modeling uncertainties and systematic uncertainties in measurements, and find that none of them has a significant impact on the cosmological constraints.
Effect of Competitive Strategies on the Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Signature …………………………… Date…………………… Professor Elegwa Mukulu, Ph.D. JKUAT, Kenya Signature …………………………… Date…………………… Professor John M. Kihoro, Ph.D. Co-operative University College of Kenya Signature …………………………… Date…………………… Esther W. Waiganjo, Ph.D. JKUAT, Kenya ii
Wood characteristics of Terminalia amazonia, Vochysia guatemalensis and Hyeronima alchorneoides planted in Costa Rica

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las caracteristicas esteticas, fisicas y mecanicas, asi como la durabilidad natural de la madera de Terminalia amazonia, Vochysia guatemalensis y Hyeronima alchorneoides provenientes de arboles creciendo en plantaciones de rapido crecimiento en la region del tropico humedo de Costa Rica. Un total de 10 arboles por especie de T. amazonia, V. guatemalensis y H. alchorneoides fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente y cortados como material para determinar las propiedades de la madera. Se encontro que la madera de este tipo de arboles presentaba baja calidad estetica en comparacion con la madera comunmente usada en el mercado de este tipo de especie del bosque natural. Ello porque poseen poca cantidad de duramen y su color es claro. La madera de arboles creciendo en condiciones de rapido crecimiento de V. guatemalensis, T. amazonia y H. alchorneoides en Costa Rica mostro propiedades inferiores que la madera proveniente de los bosques naturales. Sin embargo, la diferencia de edad entre las procedencias es la causante de los resultados. T. amazonia de plantaciones mostro caracteristicas promisorias para procesos industriales debido a su facilidad de secado, preservacion y relativamente altas propiedades mecanicas de su madera. La durabilidad natural de estas especies de arboles jovenes en el tropico humedo de Costa Rica puede ser incrementada por la preservacion de la madera utilizando el metodo vacio presion, particularmente debido al alto contenido de albura que es facil de tratar con preservante.