Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pulsed I d -V g methodology and Its Application to the Electron Trapping Characterization of High-κ gate Dielectrics

Pulsed current-voltage (I-V) methods are introduced to evaluate the impact of fast transient charge trapping on the performance of high-κ dielectric transistors. Several pulsed I-V measurement configurations and measurement requirements are critically reviewed. Properly configured pulsed I-V measurements are shown to be capable of extracting such device characteristics as trap-free mobility, trapinduced threshold voltage shift (△V t ), as well as effective fast transient trap density. The results demonstrate that the pulsed I-V measurements are an essential technique for evaluating high-κ gate dielectric devices.
Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions, and Varieties

List of Figures and TablesForeword to the Georgetown Classics editionPreface to the second editionPreface to the first editionTransliteration conventions, gloss lines, and abbreviations Introduction 0.1 Where is Arabic spoken? 0.2 Varieties of Arabic0.3 Aims of this bookNotes 1. A Brief History of Arabic 1.1 Arabic as a Semitic language1.2 Arabic at the dawn of Islam1.3 The spread of Arabic1.4 Middle Arabic, the modern dialects, and the evolution of Modern Standard Arabic1.5 The contemporary linguistic situationNotes 2. Phonology 2.1 The phonology of MSA2.2 The phonology of the dialects2.3 Phonological variation in the dialects2.4 Phonology and scriptNotes 3. Verb Morphology 3.1 General principles3.2 Root and morphosemantic patterns: MSA3.3 Morphosyntactic patterns of the finite verb: MSA3.4 Verbal affixes3.5 Morphophonological adjustments3.6 Dialectal verb morphologyNotes 4. Noun Morphology 4.1 The verbal noun4.2 Participles4.3 Other categories of the singular noun4.4 Number4.5 Case and definiteness4.6 Gender Notes 5. Beyond Root and Pattern: Pronouns and Deictics 5.1 Personal pronouns5.2 Demonstratives5.3 Interrogatives5.4 Temporal, locative and manner deicticsNotes 6. Syntax and Semantics I: Phrase Structure 6.1 The noun phrase6.2 The verb phrase6.3 NegationNotes 7. Syntax and Semantics II: Sentence Structure 7.1 Word order7.2 Clause order and typeNotes 8. Lexical and Stylistic Developments 8.1 Foreign borrowing into Arabic8.2 The language academies8.3 The language of the media8.4 Repitition and parallelismNotes 9. Language Level 9.1 Introduction9.2 Language levels in Cairo9.3 Level switching9.4 Co-occurrence phenomena and level9.5 Dialogue and dialect in literature and journalismNotes Appendix: The Arabic Script BibliographyIndex
Estimation of Heavy Metals in Liver, Gizzard, Breast and Thigh Muscles of Broiler Chicken in Different Area of Lahore by ICP-OES

Poultry, considered to be healthy type of meat, is the most important animal source of protein in food web. In this study, the concentration of metals in different parts of broiler chicken was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The highest mean level of nickel (43.89 ±0.87 µg/kg) was observed in gizzard muscles collected from Amin Park while lowest level (2.34 ±0.63 µg/kg) was found in gizzard samples collected from Lohari. Thigh muscle samples collected from Lohari did not show any level of nickel. The highest mean concentration of chromium was found in breast muscle samples collected from Amin Park 171.37±0.92 µg/kg while the samples collected from Outfall Road had the lowest chromium concentrations in gizzard 55.46±0.23 µg/kg. No chromium was detected in thigh muscles collected from Lohari. The maximum mean cadmium concentration calculated in liver and thigh muscles sampled from Shahdara were 52.36 ± 0.07 µg/kg and 51.46 ± 0.21 µg/kg respectively. The liver tissue samples of Amin Park had minimum cadmium concentration 28.46 ± 0.28 µg/kg. Higher level of copper among all samples was observed in thigh muscles 1.81±0.15 µg/kg collected from Outfall road, while lowest level was in breast muscle 0.10 ±0.01 collected from Shahdara. The study showed presence of wide range of heavy metals concentration (Ni, Cr, Cd and Cu) in all parts including (Gizzard, Breast muscle, Thigh muscle and Liver) of broiler chicken. All the results are within the safe limits and safe for human consumption.
AN EXTENSION OF WOLFE'S STUDY OF SIMULATION GAME COMPLEXITY*

This study is an extension of recently reported research concerning the relationships between business simulation game complexity and student perceptions of “learning,”“monotony,” and “appropriateness of challenge. ” A game of intermediate-level complexity was used at two education levels. Findings from the current study are compared with findings from an earlier study's intermediate-level complexity game. A number of questions with respect to the earlier findings are raised.
What Students Want: Generation Y and the Changing Function of the Academic Library

This article presents the results of a 2003 undergraduate library user survey as a case study of Generation Y. Survey data support four main traits attributed to Generation Y, which are discussed within the context of library use and satisfaction. Implications for future directions in academic library services based on the new ways Generation Y learn and use the library are explored.
A GPU-Based Fault Simulator for Small-Delay Faults

In this paper, we explore the implementation of fault simulator for small-delay faults on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Nowadays the size of integrated circuit is getting smaller and smaller, the clock frequency has become faster and faster, which leads to the effects of small delay fault on chip and is also increasingly obvious. Small delay simulation has become highly important, it is directly related to the accuracy of product and its time to market. At the same time, small delay simulation is a very time consuming process, which requires constantly looking for ways to accelerate the simulation. In recent years, GPU has been used to accelerate the programs of intensive computation in many areas and has achieved very good results. Based on these two points, we consider combining the parallelism of small delay simulation with the high parallel computing ability of GPU to accelerate small delay simulation. Experimental results indicate that our approach is on average 42 when compared to the traditional fault simulation engine.
A synecological framework for systematic conservation planning

Biodiversity conservation design, though difficult with fragmentary or insufficient biological data, can be planned and evaluated with several methods. One of them, the complementarity criterion, is commonly used nowadays to deal with the distribution of number of species (i.e., an autoecological approach). At the same time, the patchiness and spatial bias of available distribution data has also been dealt with through distribution modelling. However, both the uncertainty of the ranges estimated, and the changes in species distribution in response to changing climates, limit single-species the biodiversity attribute to be used in complementarity strategies. Several technical and theoretical advantages of composite biodiversity variables (i.e., a synecological approach) may, however, make them ideal biodiversity indicators for conservation area selection. The drawbacks associated with current biodiversity data are discussed herein, along with the possible advantages and disadvantages of conservation planning through a synecological or autoecological approach.
Teaching faculty's perspectives on business information literacy

Purpose – Effective integration of information literacy skills into the business curriculum requires the development of collaborative partnerships between teaching faculty and librarians. Developing a good partnership requires an understanding of the teaching faculty's perspectives. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was sent to business teaching faculty at California State Universities to determine their expectations in regards to student information literacy skills.Findings – Writing a report or project that required in‐depth research is one of the major expectations. All faculty surveyed expect students to use library research for their assignments.Originality/value – Business faculty and librarians will be able to use these findings in developing guidelines to integrate information literacy into coursework, assignments and research tools.
Using and Evaluating Augmented Reality for Mobile Data Visualization in Real Estate Classified Ads

Abstract This paper presents an application that uses resources of augmented reality (AR) for mobile data visualization in real estate classified ads. It works as an aggregator of listings and additional information about the properties, mapping them geographically. Basically, it consists of a central website that combines real estate listings and content, based on a large database, with the possibility for extension of information, interaction among users, and sharing of information on social networks. Additionally, it offers resources for intelligent searches, filtering of relevant information and display of the retrieved data on maps. More specifically, based on a single central database and the user’s geographic location, the application is able to successfully georeference properties for sale in a particular area and to display them on a smartphone screen, superimposing informative links associated therewith, through basic AR visual resources. We have also conducted successful usability testing sessions with users using the application both in AR and in map modes to assess their preferences during experiences with iMovBusca.
Compact modeling of the influence of emitter stored charge on the high frequency small signal AC response of bipolar transistors using quasi-static parameters

A model involving only quasi-static parameters is proposed which is capable of modeling the influence of high frequency nonquasi-static stored charge distributions in the neutral emitter region on the small signal high frequency ac response of bipolar transistors. Quasi-static ac model parameters are completely determined from static charge distributions for arbitrary impurity profiles, thereby enabling high frequency behavior to be accurately deduced for realistic device structures without the need for high frequency numerical simulation or measurement. The proposed model provides quantitative information regarding the transition from quasi-static to nonquasi-static behavior of emitter stored charges. An existing equivalent circuit representation that accurately models the influence of the stored base charge, and which is suitable for SPICE simulations, is modified to include the impact of quasi-static charge distributions in the emitter region.
Current-mode analogue median filter

Median filters are very important nonlinear filters, finding many applications in image and speech processing. In recent years analogue implementation of nonlinear filters has gained new interest. In this work, a novel current-mode analogue median filter is proposed. The design employs a combination of current absolute value circuits with a current minimum circuit and a majority gate.
Knoevenagel reaction of diethylphosphonoacetic acid : A facile route to diethyl (E)-2-arylvinylphosphonates

Knoevenagel reaction of aromatic aldehydes or a-substituted aliphatic aldehydes with diethylphosphonoacetic acid leads to the formation of 3-substituted-2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)acrylic acids. Decarboxylation of the resulting (E)-3-aryl-2-(diethoxyphosphoryllacrylic acids afforded diethyl (E)-2-arylvinylphosphonates. Direct synthesis of diethyl vinylphosphonates from some aromatic aldehydes and formaldehyde is also reported.
The Effects of Level of Automation on the Out-of-the-Loop Unfamiliarity in a Complex Dynamic Fault-Management Task during Simulated Spaceflight Operations

Out-of-the-loop unfamiliarity (OOTLUF) and information sampling strategies were examined after operator use of intelligent fault management (FM) support in interaction with a generic, autonomous, atmospheric control system. A simulated model-based reasoning agent provided fault diagnosis and recovery at three different levels of automation (LOA). In about 10% of the experimental trials FM support was withdrawn simulating a catastrophic failure. This allowed investigating OOTLUF potentially developed during reliable FM automation and its variation as a function of LOA. Dependent measures were the percentage of time the system was out-of-target, time elapsed until a repair was initiated, alarm reaction time, accuracy of manual tank level recordings, information sampling behavior, and subjective ratings of workload, tension, fatigue, self-confidence and trust in automation. It was found that automated FM support improved overall system performance and reduced subjective operator workload. OOTLUF occurred in terms of longer times until repair initiation only at medium LOA and not as expected at high LOA. A differential effect of LOA on information sampling strategies was observed suggesting that offloading operators from recovery implementation at high LOA during reliable automation enabled engagement in fault assessment activities, thereby maintaining situation awareness. It is concluded that for avoiding OOTLUF in complex, dynamic tasks, involving intelligent FM support, the important factor is not simply the LOA, but the ability of a particular LOA to support the human operator's information sampling and higher-level reasoning activities.
A Study of High Sensitive C Reactive Protein in Subclinical Hypothyroidism

53.58 years. Out of the 100 cases 68 were females and 32 were males. Incidence of LVDD was significantly high, about 68% of subclinical hypothyroid subjects had LVDD in our study. At hsCRP level < 1mg/L there was not even a single subjects with LVDD. At hsCRP level 1 to 3 mg/L we had 12 patients with LVDD and same the number of subjects with LVDD. hsCRP level of >3mg/L was seen in 72 out of 100, i.e, 72% of subjects were found to have this high hsCRP levels. Conclusion: Incidence of elevated hsCRP level was more in our study population i.e, subclinincal hypothyroid subjects. Elevated levels of hsCRP in SCH suggest Inflammation as a possible factor for linking subclinincal hypothyroid and cardiovascular diseases.
FPGA Implementation of SURF-based Feature extraction and Descriptor generation

SURF is an algorithm which extracts feature points and generates their descriptors from input images, and it is being used for many applications such as object recognition, tracking, and constructing panorama pictures. Although SURF is known to be robust to changes of scale, rotation, and view points, it is hard to implement it in real time due to its complex and repetitive computations. Using 3.3 GHz Pentium, in our experiment, it takes 240ms to extract feature points and create descriptors in a VGA image containing about 1,000 feature points, which means that software implementation cannot meet the real time requirement, especially in embedded systems. In this paper, we present a hardware architecture that can compute the SURF algorithm very fast while consuming minimum hardware resources. Two key concepts of our architecture are parallelism (for repetitive computations) and efficient line memory usage (obtained by analyzing memory access patterns). As a result of FPGA synthesis using Xilinx Virtex5LX330, it occupies 101,348 LUTs and 1,367 KB on-chip memory, giving performance of 30 frames per second at 100 MHz clock.
Is Case Teaching More Effective than Lecture Teaching in Business Administration? An Exploratory Analysis

Case teaching is said to better motivate students and to transmit managerial information to students more effectively than lecture teaching. Field experimentation performed to quantify the effects of case teaching compared to those of lecture teaching supports the hypothesis that case teaching is more effective than lecture teaching with regard to attaining cognitive as well as motivational aims in the classroom.
Working Memory and Its Relation to Auditory Comprehension in Native and Nonnative Speakers

Abstract There is a relatively robust and continually growing literature addressing the hypothesis that working memory (WM) competencies play an important role in language comprehension. This hypothesis has been investigated as the source for the language comprehension deficits that are a hallmark of aphasia. Additionally, it has been hypothesized that individuals with limited WM facility are negatively affected in second language acquisition and language use. The current study investigated this latter hypothesis and explored the relationship between working memory and sentencelevel auditory language comprehension in native English (L1) speakers with English as their first language and nonnative English (L2) speakers with Korean as their first and English as their second language. It was hypothesized that individuals who demonstrate poorer performance on measures of WM would perform more poorly on sentence comprehension tasks that are more difficult as manipulated by presentation rate and linguistic complexity, and these relationships would emerge more prominently in the L2 group than the L1 group. The results showed that WM performance significantly predicted auditory comprehension performance under all conditions in both high and lower functioning WM groups. As hypothesized, the L2 low-WM group performed significantly more poorly on the syntactically more complex sentences than the L2 high-WM group. However, the WM group effects were not present in the L1 group. Manipulations of presentation rates did not differentially affect auditory comprehension performance as a function of WM group either in the L1 or L2 groups.
A modular T-mode design approach for analog neural network hardware implementations

A modular transconductance-mode (T-mode) design approach is presented for analog hardware implementations of neural networks. This design approach is used to build a modular bidirectional associative memory network. The authors show that the size of the whole system can be increased by interconnecting more modular chips. It is also shown that by changing the interconnection strategy different neural network systems can be implemented, such as a Hopfield network, a winner-take-all network, a simplified ART 1 network, or a constrained optimization network. Experimentally measured results from CMOS 2- mu m double-metal, double-polysilicon prototypes (MOSIS) are presented. >
Absolute Configuration and Tautomeric Structure of Xylindein, a Blue—Green Pigment of Chlorociboria Species.

The S absolute con®guration of both chiral centers of xylindein was assigned using X-ray crystallographic heavy atom analysis after its conversion to a synthetic derivative. Crystallographic analysis of xylindein crystallized with phenols revealed that the proposed structure is the proper tautomer in the crystals. # 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Higher Quality 2D Text Rendering

Even though text is pervasive in most 3D applications, there is surprisingly no native sup- port for text rendering in OpenGL. To cope with this absence, Mark Kilgard introduced the use of texture fonts [Kilgard 1997]. This technique is well known and widely used and en- sures both good performances and a decent quality in most situations. However, the quality may degrade strongly in orthographic mode (screen space) due to pixelation effects at large sizes and to legibility problems at small sizes due to incorrect hinting and positioning of glyphs. In this paper, we consider font-texture rendering to develop methods to ensure the highest quality in orthographic mode. The method used allows for both the accurate render- ing and positioning of any glyph on the screen. While the method is compatible with complex shaping and/or layout (e.g., the Arabic alphabet), these specific cases are not studied in this article.
Quality evaluation of ultrasound imaging in the carotid artery

Image quality assessment plays an important role in various image-processing applications. In this work, we evaluate image quality criteria based on mean square error, signal to noise error, and quality and structural similarity indices on ultrasound imaging of the carotid artery. These criteria as well as statistical and texture features were computed on 80 images recorded from two different ultrasound scanners before and after despeckle filtering, and after despeckle filtering and normalization. Results showed that image quality was improved after despeckle filtering and normalization for both scanners. This finding is also in agreement with the optical perception evaluation carried out by two vascular experts.
``With My Head Up in the Clouds''

Social tagging ranges among the ``killer applications'' of Web 2.0. An ever-growing international community uses Web sites such as the photo database Flickr and the bookmarking service Delicious. In addition, a number of other portals use tagging to compile user-specific metadata on information on any subject—whether it be travel destinations, personal contacts, films, or museum exhibits. Retrieving and storing information via tagging seems to meet users' needs for a number of purposes and in many contexts. Starting with a synopsis of the current literature on social tagging and then focusing on the results of two surveys—qualitative interviews and an online questionnaire—this article explores the potential and limitations of tagging as a tool for organizing shared and personal knowledge.
Air Interface for Next Generation Mobile Communication Networks: Physical Layer Design

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A control scheme for low speed automated vehicles with double steering

Kinematic relationships for path following are derived for a vehicle with fore and aft steering. In such a vehicle there are two inputs, the front and rear steering angles, which govern the path in the plane motion of the vehicle. In order to follow a desired path a feedback control scheme to set the steering angles in terms of the orientation error and offset from the path is essential. For front wheel steered vehicles the problem has received considerable attention, and many control laws have been proposed; however, how to choose the setting of the rear steering angle is not resolved yet. The very first question is whether to steer the rear wheel in the same direction as the front wheel or in the opposite direction. This paper studies the matter and a number of control schemes are considered and compared. The analysis applies to mobile robots and the class of vehicles with low speed, for which the effect of dynamics of the vehicle becomes negligible. Computer simulation is used to compare the behaviour of a vehicle under the control of each of the schemes for tracking a straight line and a curve. <<ETX>>
A multiobjective model for QoS multicast routing based on genetic algorithm

Usually multiple quality of service (QoS) guarantees are required in most of multicast applications. In this paper, it is formulated as a multiobjective constrained combinatorial optimization problem for a protocol to determine multicast routes satisfying different QoS requirements. We use a multiobjective model and routing approach based on genetic algorithm that optimizes multiple QoS parameters simultaneously. The corresponding results demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of discovering a set of nondominated routes within a finite evolutionary generation. Its feasibility and performance has been verified.