Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from bovines and their handlers in Jammu, India

The study was aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in bovines and their handlers in Jammu, India. A total of 173 samples comprising of 103 fecal samples from bovines (60 from cattle and 43 from buffaloes), 28 stools and 42 fingertip rinses from bovine handlers were collected during August 2011 to March 2012. The isolated 126 E. coli strains (86 from bovines and 40 from handlers) belonged to 25 different serogroups in addition to rough and untypeable strains. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, four EPEC strains were isolated; two each from bovines and their handlers, of which two possessed the hemolysin ( hlyA ) gene. The prevalence of EPEC was recorded as 1.66% (n=1/60) in cattle, 2.32% (n=1/43) in buffaloes, and 2.85% (n=2/70) in their handlers. Antibiogram studies with the EPEC revealed the presence of multi-drug resistant E. coli . The isolates were mostly resistant to Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Cefixime and Streptomycin, and sensitive to Chloramphenicol. This study indicates that bovines as well as their handlers in Jammu region harbor EPEC, many of which being multi-drug resistant and carrying the hemolysin gene could be of high pathogenic potential for humans. http://dx.doi. org/10.5455/javar.2014. a30
Which substance is most dangerous? Perceived harm ratings among students in urban and rural Norway

Background: Recent studies have challenged the idea that illegal substances are necessarily associated with more harm than those that are legal. This study investigates perceived drug harm among students at the University of Oslo (UO) and at a smaller university located on Norway’s coast in a more conservative and religious region, called ‘Coastal University’ (CU). Methods: This study consisted of surveys (n=458) about perceived physical harm, mental health conditions, dependence, injuries and social consequences that may be associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis. Information about substance use was also collected. Analyses of variance and multiple regression analyses were used to examine whether harm ratings differed for different drugs, whether drug type, gender and university site interacted in predicting harm ratings, and what role the participants’ own substance use played in their harm ratings. Results: UO students rated cannabis as overall less harmful than alcohol, while the opposite was true for CU students. Tobacco received the highest physical harm score. Alcohol was rated as most harmful with regard to injuries; cannabis was rated as most harmful with regard to mental health consequences. Use of the substance in question was associated with a reduced harm rating. This was particularly true for cannabis. Conclusions: Norwegian students rate the harm of substances differently from previous reports from the Norwegian general population. Most importantly, their relative ratings of cannabis harm were lower. However, the pattern was most evident among students from the urban Oslo area.
Etiology and mortality of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver transplant recipients: A cohort study

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in liver transplantation (LT) recipients who progress to cirrhosis has received little attention. We investigated the adequacy of empirical treatment with third‐generation cephalosporins for SBP in this population and the impact of transplantation on the evolution of the infection. We performed a cohort study with 138 SBP episodes: 19 in LT patients and 119 in non‐LT patients. The etiology of SBP was identified for 73.7% of the episodes in LT patients and for 38.7% of the episodes in non‐LT patients (P = 0.004). The main microorganisms in recipients were Escherichia coli (35.7%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.4%). The etiologies did not differ in non‐LT patients. The cephalosporin sensitivity was similar in the 2 groups (85.7% versus 78.4%, P = 0.7). LT recipients developed renal failure (57.9% versus 25.2%, P = 0.004) and encephalopathy (42.1% versus 22%, P = 0.08) more often than non‐LT patients, and the mortality rates during episodes (52.6% versus 13.4%, P < 0.001) and at 6 months (70.6% versus 34.7%, P = 0.005) were higher. According to a multivariate analysis, the mortality‐associated risk factors at diagnosis were a Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score > 18 odds ratio (OR) = 6.1 and being an LT recipient (OR = 4.45). At 6 months, the risk factors for mortality were a MELD score > 18 (OR = 3.08), being an LT recipient (OR = 3.47), a known etiology (OR = 2.08), and the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 3.73). Liver Transpl 20:856–863, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.
R 4-A . 2 : Rapid Forensic Search & Retrieval in Video

Person re-identifi cation (re-id) is an important problem for monitoring & surveillance at airports. This is emerging as a critical problem with the pervasive use of camera networks in surveillance systems. Re-id deals with maintaining identities of individuals traversing different cameras. The goal of person re-id is to maintain the identity of an individual in diverse locations through different, non-overlapping camera views. During this fi rst year, we have focused on the twocamera re-id problems. We have developed a novel machine-learning algorithm based on structured prediction. Our methodology has led to dramatic improvements in re-id rates. Our performance on benchmark datasets signifi cantly outperforms the current state-of-art by 8.76% and 28.24%, on VIPER and CUHK benchmark re-id datasets respectively.
Depression after traumatic brain injury: a National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Model Systems multicenter investigation.

OBJECTIVE To identify the frequency and manifestations of depression after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the factors that contribute to developing this mood disorder. DESIGN A prospective, nationwide, multicenter study; 17 centers supplied data from medical records and patient responses on a standardized criterion instrument. SETTING Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems programs. PARTICIPANTS A demographically diverse sample of 666 outpatients with TBI was evaluated 10 to 126 months after injury. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Depressive symptoms were characterized with the Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed; DSM-IV) diagnostic framework. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlations were used to identify factors that were significantly related to depression. RESULTS Fatigue (29%), distractibility (28%), anger or irritability (28%), and rumination (25%) were the most commonly cited depressive symptoms in the sample. Twenty-seven percent of patients with TBI met the prerequisite number (>/=5) of criterion A symptoms for a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Feeling hopeless, feeling worthless, and difficulty enjoying activities were the 3 symptoms that most differentiated depressed from nondepressed patients. Patients who were unemployed at the time of injury and who were impoverished were significantly more likely to report DSM-IV criterion A symptoms than patients who were employed, were students, or were retired due to age. Time after injury, injury severity, and postinjury marital status were not significantly related to depression. CONCLUSIONS Patients with TBI are at great risk for developing depressive symptoms. Findings provide empirical support for the inclusion of depression evaluation and treatment protocols in brain injury programs. Unemployment and poverty may be substantial risk factors for the development of depressive symptoms. Future research should develop biopsychosocial predictive models to identify high-risk patients and examine the efficacy of treatment interventions.
CHRONIC ENDOPHTHALMITIS DUE TO TOXOCARA*

NEMATODE infestations of the eye evoked little or no interest until the middle of the 20th century when Wilder (1950), whilst carrying out a histological survey of 46 cases of pseudogliomata, found nematode larvae or their hyaline capsules in 24, and tissue reactions characteristic of nematode endophthalmitis in the remaining 22. At that time, the larvae found in Wilder's series were believed to be those of the hookworm, and it was not until 6 years later that Nichols (1956), when reviewing this series, ascertained that the larvae present in five eyes were in fact those of Toxocara canis. More recently, Irvine and Irvine (1959) reported one case in which a retinoblastoma had been diagnosed clinically but histological examination of the enucleated eye revealed only chronic endophthalmitis due to a larva of the genus Toxocara at the site of the clinical tumour. No ocular lesions due to Toxocara had been identified in Britain until Ashton (1960) described four cases of retinal granuloma in which the larvae of this genus were actually demonstrated, and thereby established not only that the larva existed as an entity in human disease in Western Europe, but also that it was capable of producing a granulomatous ocular lesion which previously had sometimes been labelled as exudative choroiditis and which had certainly not formerly been associated with Toxocara canis. The importance of this discovery lies not only in the finding of a new lesion attributed to the Toxocara, but more especially in the fact that all four eyes reported by Ashton had been enucleated because the lesion strongly resembled a retinoblastoma. Outside the field of ophthalmology, Beaver, Snyder, Carrena, Dent, and Lafferty (1952), during the investigation of eosinophilic granulomatous lesions of the liver, discovered portions of a larval nematode belonging to the genus Toxocara and, since this discovery, the larva has been located in human tissues by numerous workers, thus confirming the importance of Toxocara infestation as an aetiological agent in some diseases. No such case, however, has yet been reported in the United Kingdom, although the larva found by Beautyman and Woolf (1951) in the brain of a child and described as that of Ascaris lumbricoides may have been of this nature.
Endourologic management of patients with upper-tract transitional-cell carcinoma: long-term follow-up in a single center.

PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic management of upper-tract transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS From March 1991 to March 2006, 40 patients with upper-tract TCC were treated by an endoscopic approach as the primary management: 37 (90.2%) by ureteroscopy and by percutaneous techniques or both approaches in 2 cases each (5%). Follow-up was between 5 and 115 months (mean 41.6 months). Most of the patients, 26 (65%), had a normal contralateral kidney, and the indication for conservative management was low tumor grade or tumor size (<2 cm) and patient commitment to a rigorous follow-up protocol. Absolute and relative indications for conservative management such as solitary kidney were met in 14 patients (35%). RESULTS Treatment consisted of electrocautery only in 15 cases (36.6%), neodymium:YAG or holmium:YAG laser only in 11 (26.8%), and combinations in 15 (36.6%). Most of the patients (74.3%) had an upper-tract recurrence. The renal-preservation rate was 70.7%, and the survival rate was 80%. CONCLUSIONS Conservative treatment is preferred in patients with bilateral disease, a solitary kidney, or co-morbidities that contraindicate major surgery. Patients with low-grade, low-stage disease and normal contralateral kidneys also benefit from this approach provided adequate endoscopic follow-up can be achieved and the surgeon has a low threshold for carrying out ablative surgery.
The rheology of jamming

Traffic jams are a common phenomenon on highways; when there are too many cars on the road the traffic gets stuck. A similar jamming phenomenon also occurs in yield-stress fluids that consist of a dispersion of a material in a liquid, such as suspensions of particles or polymers, foams or emulsions. At high concentrations, these materials behave like solids (like in traffic jams there is no flow), and they only start to flow when enough stress is applied. For example, toothpaste behaves like a solid at rest but it starts to flow when you squeeze it out of the tube. This threshold stress that is needed to initiate flow is called the yield stress, hence the name yield-stress material. It is important to understand these kinds of properties and the flow behavior (rheology) of these materials since they are widely applied in the cosmetic, oil and food industry. We seek to understand the transition from mechanically solid-like to fluid-like behavior on a fundamental level. The associated jamming transition between solid and liquid "states" has similarities to classical phase transitions like those between solid, liquid, gas and plasma phases. However it is not completely clear how general the jamming description is, and to what extent the mechanical behavior of jammed materials can be fully described by considering the jamming transition to be analogous to a classical phase transition. In this thesis we study the flow behavior (the rheology) of a variety of yield-stress materials in the aim of describing, understanding and predicting the rheology of jamming.
IV. Lymphocyte trafficking in the intestine and liver.

Naive lymphocytes patrol continuously between the blood and different lymphatic tissues to sample the whole body for foreign antigens. During inflammation, leukocyte recruitment into tissue is enhanced to promote the recruitment of a range of effector cells into the affected area. The complex recirculatory pathways that underlie this process are governed by adhesion receptors on blood-borne leukocytes and by their specific ligands expressed on the luminal aspect of endothelial cells lining the vessels. Gut-associated lymphatic tissues are positioned strategically at the major port of entry for foreign antigens. They form a functionally unified entity that utilizes both the afferent and efferent arms of the immune response to respond to the large array of antigens entering via the gut under normal conditions as well as during inflammation. Once antigens have been absorbed from the gut, they may enter the portal vein and the liver where the immune response can be further regulated by the resident immune cells of the liver. Thus the gut and liver form an important barrier to enteral antigens, and leukocyte recruitment to these sites will need to be carefully regulated to ensure effective immune surveillance. In this article, we describe the current concepts of lymphocyte adhesion in these two organs as revealed by animal models. Subsequently, we discuss how well these principles apply to the lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions in humans and what additional insights can be obtained from human studies.
Fungal attack on Tilapia mossambicus in culture pond , leading to mass mortality of fishes

This study was conducted on mass mortality of Tilapia mossambicus in culture pond of University campus ,Bhopal. In December, 2012 fungal infection was observed on body of fishes in form of cottony mycelium . Anterior region of body was most affected area and fishes suffered from severe infection followed by death. Fishes were examined regularly for the period of one month. Isolation of fungi revealed the presence of six species of fungi viz. Achlya Americana, Achlya proliferoids, Aphanomyces laevis, Pythiopsis species, Saprolegnia diclina and Saprolegnia parasitica . Total 196 isolates were were cultured by using three different agar media viz. Corn Meal Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar Maximum percentage of isolates were contributed by Saprolegnia parasitica (52%) and minimum were of Achlya Americana(5%) Temperature, pH and DO of water were measured.
Watershed from Propagated Markers Improved by the Combination of Spatio-temporal Gradient and Binding of Markers Heuristics

This paper presents the improvement of the watershed from propagated markers, a generic method to interactive segmentation of objects in image sequences, by the inclusion of a temporal gradient to the segmentation framework. Segmentation is done by applying the watershed from markers to a gradient image extracted from the temporal gradient sequence and using markers provided by the binding of markers heuristics. The performance of the improved method is demonstrated by application of a benchmark that supports a quantitative evaluation of assisted segmentation of objects in image sequences. Experimental results provided by the combination of temporal gradient with the binding of markers heuristics show that the proposed improvement can decrease the number of human interferences and the time required to process the sequences.
Differential susceptibilities of mice genomically deleted of CD4 and CD8 to infections with Trypanosoma cruzi or Trypanosoma brucei

The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the surveillance of Trypanosoma cruzi or Trypanosoma brucei brucei was studied in mice which lacked CD4 or CD8 molecules and which were generated by embryonic stem cell technology. Whereas wild-type mice infected with T. cruzi (Tulahuén strain) displayed low levels of parasitemia and no mortality, striking increases in parasite growth and mortality occurred in both CD8- and CD4- mice. On the contrary, CD8- and, to a lesser degree, CD4- mice showed enhanced resistance to T. b. brucei. T-cell-dependent immunoglobulin G-specific responses were produced in CD8- but not CD4- mice. Normal T-cell proliferative responses were measured in both CD4- and CD8- mice. Interleukin-4 production after concanavalin A or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody stimulation was strikingly enhanced in CD8- but not CD4- spleen cells, whereas gamma interferon production was normal in both CD4- and CD8- spleen cells. Spleen and lymph node cells from CD8- (but not CD4-) mice at 20 days postinfection with T. cruzi had higher levels of interleukin-4 mRNA than the wild-type controls, as shown in a competitive polymerase chain reaction assay. On the other hand, CD4- (but not CD8-) mice at 20 days postinfection with T. cruzi had lower levels of gamma interferon mRNA than the wild-type mice.
Host dietary starch and Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) in growing rats

During the course of three experiments, groups of male weanling rats were allowed to feed ad libitum on isoenergetic diets containing 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% starch. The growth of rats, which were infected with either 20 or 40 cystacanths of Moniliformis dubius, was compared with the growth of similar uninfected rats which had been fed on the same diet. No differences could be detected between the uninfected and infected rats for a given diet apart from the lowered liver glycogen of the infected rats which had consumed the diet containing most starch during one of the experiments. Under the experimental conditions used, the growth of both the host and the parasite appeared to be closely related to the amount of starch ingested by the host. Thus, the results may be interpreted as demonstrating that the presence of a suitable source and quantity of available glucose in the diet of the rat is important for the growth of Moniliformis.
Reliability of HFO2/SIO2 dielectric with strain engineering using CESL stressor

We have investigated reliability characteristics for a high-k/metal gate MOSFET with strain engineering under constant voltage stress (CVS). Using contact edge stop layer (CESL), tensile and compressive strains are applied to the channel region. Since the compressive MOSFET has more hydrogen in the CESL, the MOSFET has lower reliability characteristics than others. Though the hydrogen can passivate dangling bonds in the high-k dielectric, the passivated bonds are easily broken by voltage stress, which cause degradation of high-k layer.
The use of principle component and cluster analyses to differentiate banana pulp flours based on starch and dietary fiber components

Flour prepared from green and ripe Cavendish and Dream banana fruits were assessed for total starch, digestible starch, resistant starch, total dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber. Principle component analysis identified only one component responsible for explaining 83.83% of the total variance in the starch and dietary fiber components data to indicate that ripe banana flour had different characteristics from the green. Cluster analysis applied on similar data obtained two statistically significant clusters of green and ripe banana to indicate difference in behaviors according to the stages of ripeness. In conclusion, starch and dietary fiber components could be used to discriminate between flour prepared from fruits of different stage of ripeness. Results are also suggestive of the potential of green as well as the ripe banana flour as functional ingredients in food.
Lytic action of lysostaphin on susceptible and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Lysostaphin resistance in the laboratory can arise via single or multistep mutational processes. Inheritance of lysostaphin resistance, moreover, appears to be a stable genotypic trait. Regardless of the level of lysostaphin resistance, mutants are lysed but at much slower rates than are the parent strains. A hypothesis based on differences in the chemical composition of the cell wall structures of lysostaphin-sensitive and lysostaphin-resistant mutants is advanced to explain the acquired resistance to this specific antibiotic. No antibiotic cross-resistance was detected between lysostaphin and seven other clinically useful antibiotics. Thus far, no strains of staphylococci naturally resistant to lysostaphin have been detected in more than 400 clinical isolates of coagulase-positive cultures. In addition, the effects of various environmental factors on lysis of viable S. aureus cells by lysostaphin were investigated.
Studies of high current arcs using an optical fiber array based imaging system

A portable arc imaging system is presented for the study of high speed and high temperature unsteady plasma flows such as those found in the vicinity of high current switching arcs. The system permits direct measurement of arc light emission images with a capture rate of 1 million images per second (1MHz), and 8 bit intensity resolution. Novel software techniques are reported to visualise the arc motion and to measure arc trajectories. Results are presented on high current (2kA) discharge events where the electrode and arc runner surfaces are investigated using optical surface scanning methods; such that the position of the arc roots on the runner can be correlated to the measured trajectories. The results show evidence of the cathode arc root stepping along the arc runners.