Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alprazolam is relatively more toxic than other benzodiazepines in overdose.

AIMS To describe alprazolam poisoning and the relative toxicity of alprazolam compared with other benzodiazepines. METHODS A database of consecutive poisoning admissions to a regional toxicology service was searched to identify consecutive benzodiazepine deliberate self poisonings, which were coded as alprazolam, diazepam or other benzodiazepine. Major outcomes used were length of stay (LOS), intensive care (ICU) admission, coma (GCS < 9), flumazenil administration and requirement for mechanical ventilation. Prescription data were obtained for benzodiazepines for the study period. RESULTS There were 2063 single benzodiazepine overdose admissions: 131 alprazolam overdoses, 823 diazepam overdoses and 1109 other benzodiazepine overdoses. The median LOS for alprazolam overdoses was 19 h which was 1.27 (95% CI 1.04, 1.54) times longer compared with other benzodiazepines by multiple linear regression. For patients with alprazolam overdoses, 22% were admitted to ICU which was 2.06 (95% CI 1.27, 3.33) times more likely compared with other benzodiazepines after multivariate analysis adjusting for age, dose, gender, time to ingestion and co-ingested drugs. Flumazenil was administered to 14% of alprazolam patients and 16% were ventilated, which was significantly more than for other benzodiazepine overdoses (8% and 11%, respectively). Twelve percent of alprazolam overdoses had a GCS < 9 compared with 10% for other benzodiazepines. From benzodiazepine prescription data, total alprazolam prescriptions in Australia increased from 0.13 million in 1992 to 0.41 million in 2001. Eighty five percent of prescriptions were for panic disorder, anxiety, depression or mixed anxiety/depression. CONCLUSIONS Alprazolam was significantly more toxic than other benzodiazepines. The increased prescription of alprazolam to groups with an increased risk of deliberate self poisoning is concerning and needs review.
Fc-fusion proteins: new developments and future perspectives

Since the first description in 1989 of CD4‐Fc‐fusion antagonists that inhibit human immune deficiency virus entry into T cells, Fc‐fusion proteins have been intensely investigated for their effectiveness to curb a range of pathologies, with several notable recent successes coming to market. These promising outcomes have stimulated the development of novel approaches to improve their efficacy and safety, while also broadening their clinical remit to other uses such as vaccines and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. This increased attention has also led to non‐clinical applications of Fc‐fusions, such as affinity reagents in microarray devices. Here we discuss recent results and more generally applicable strategies to improve Fc‐fusion proteins for each application, with particular attention to the newer, less charted areas.
Evaluation of Flinders Technology Associates cards for storage and molecular detection of avian metapneumoviruses

The feasibility of using Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards for the molecular detection of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was investigated. Findings showed that no virus isolation was possible from aMPV-inoculated FTA cards, confirming viral inactivation upon contact with the cards. The detection limits of aMPV from the FTA card and tracheal organ culture medium were 101.5 median ciliostatic doses/ml and 100.75 median ciliostatic doses/ml respectively. It was possible to perform molecular characterization of both subtypes A and B aMPV using inoculated FTA cards stored for up to 60 days at 4 to 6°C. Tissues of the turbinate, trachea and lung of aMPV-infected chicks sampled either by direct impression smears or by inoculation of the tissue homogenate supernatants onto the FTA cards were positive by RT-PCR. However, the latter yielded more detections. FTA cards are suitable for collecting and transporting aMPV-positive samples, providing a reliable and hazard-free source of RNA for molecular characterization.
Approche expérimentale de la dynamique non-linéaire d'ondes internes en rotation

Au travers de leurs instabilites, les ondes internes de gravite, qui se propagent dans les fluides stratifies, jouent un role crucial dans la dynamique oceanique. En effet, ces instabilites transferent de l'energie vers les petites echelles et creent ainsi du melange. Parmi ces mecanismes, nous avons etudie l'instabilite triadique resonante (TRI). Ce processus se caracterise par l'emission a partir d'une onde-mere de deux ondes-filles, dont les frequences et vecteurs d'onde verifient avec l'onde-mere des conditions de resonance temporelle et spatiale. Dans le cas ou une rotation globale du fluide (cas general en geophysique) s'ajoute a la rotation, celle-ci va changer les proprietes non seulement des ondes internes, on les appellera alors ondes gravito-inertielles, mais aussi de la TRI. L’etude experimentale sur table tournante de l'instabilite d'un faisceau de forme controlee d'onde gravito-inertielle a mis en evidence l’importance de la rotation sur les caracteristiques de la TRI, comme le seuil d'instabilite ou les caracteristiques des ondes secondaires. En outre, ces resultats sont en tres bon accord avec un developpement asymptotique de cette instabilite qui prend en compte la taille finie du faisceau, parametre determinant au laboratoire et dans un contexte oceanique. Cet effet est responsable notamment de l'existence d'une latitude critique dans l'ocean.Dans un second temps, la realisation d'un nouveau type de generateur d'onde axisymetrique a permis d'etudier la propagation d'ondes axisymetriques a trois dimensions. Les modes axisymetriques generes par ce nouveau dispositif ont ete caracterises et compares aux solutions analytiques. Ce dispositif permet egalement de creer une excitation annulaire localisee qui focalise les ondes internes au centre de la cuve. En changeant la vitesse de groupe de ces ondes, au travers d'une stratification non-lineaire, nous pouvons creer une forte accumulation d'energie au point de focalisation. En fonction de l'amplitude de l'excitation, on observe la transition entre un etat stable vers un etat fortement instable.
Leaf Epicuticular Waxes of the Eceriferum Mutants in Arabidopsis

Wild-type Arabidopsis leaf epicuticular wax (EW) occurs as a smooth layer over the epidermal surface, whereas stem EW has a crystalline microstructure. Wild-type EW load was more than 10-fold lower on leaves than on stems. Compared with the EW on wild-type stems, EW on wild-type leaves had a much higher proportion of their total EW load in the form of alkanes and 1-alcohols; a large reduction in secondary alcohols, ketones, and esters; and a chain-length distribution for major EW classes that was skewed toward longer lengths. The eceriferum (cer) mutations often differentially affected leaf and stem EW chemical compositions. For example, the cer2 mutant EW phenotype was expressed on the stem but not on the leaf. Compared to wild type, the amount of primary alcohols on cer9 mutants was reduced on leaves but elevated on stems, whereas an opposite differential effect for primary alcohols was observed on cer16 leaves and stems. Putative functions for CER gene products are discussed. The CER4 and CER6 gene products may be involved in fatty aldehyde reduction and C26 fatty acylcoenzyme A elongation, respectively. CER1, CER8, CER9, and CER16 gene products may be involved in EW substrate transfer. The CER3 gene product may be involved in release of fatty acids from elongase complexes. CER2 gene product may have regulatory functions.
Counting Invariant Curves: a theory of Gopakumar-Vafa invariants for Calabi-Yau threefolds with an involution

We develop a theory of Gopakumar-Vafa (GV) invariants for a Calabi-Yau threefold (CY3) $X$ which is equipped with an involution $\imath$ preserving the holomorphic volume form. We define integers $n_{g,h}(\beta) $ which give a virtual count of the number of genus $g$ curves $C$ on $X$, in the class $\beta \in H_{2}(X)$, which are invariant under $\imath$, and whose quotient $C/\imath$ has genus $h$. We give two definitions of $n_{g,h}(\beta) $ which we conjecture to be equivalent: one in terms of a version of Pandharipande-Thomas theory and one in terms of a version of Maulik-Toda theory. We compute our invariants and give evidence for our conjecture in several cases. In particular, we compute our invariants when $X=S\times \mathbb{C}$ where $S$ is an Abelian surface with $\imath (a)=-a$ or a $K3$ surface with a symplectic involution (a Nikulin $K3$ surface). For these cases, we give formulas for our invariants in terms of Jacobi modular forms. For the Abelian surface case, the specialization of our invariants $n_{g,h}(\beta) $ to $h=0$ recovers the count of hyperelliptic curves on an Abelian surface first computed by Bryan-Oberdieck-Pandharipande-Yin.
Variations in Hospital Daily Cleaning Practices

Prospective observations and adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assays were used to evaluate daily cleaning practices in a university-affiliated hospital. Substantial variations were found in the amount of time spent cleaning high-touch surfaces, in the number of disinfectant wipes used in each room, and in the level of cleanliness achieved by housekeepers.
Proximal patellar quadricepsplasty realignment during total knee arthroplasty for irreducible congenital dislocation of the patella: a report of two cases.

The etiology of congenital dislocation of the patella remains unknown. In adulthood, osteoarthritis of the knee may develop, and it usually affects the lateral compartment. Valgus malalignment of the lower extremity and a laterally dislocated patella are the typical physical findings. Various techniques to reconstruct a dislocated extensor mechanism have been described1-4. In the presence of severe osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty is a surgical option, which may be combined with realignment of the extensor mechanism. We report a new technique of total knee arthroplasty with proximal realignment of the extensor mechanism with use of a V-W quadricepsplasty (quadriceps turndown and medial advancement) in two patients. The patients were informed that data concerning the cases would be submitted for publication, and they consented. Case 1. A forty-nine-year-old man was evaluated for bilateral knee pain and reduced walking distance secondary to knee arthritis. At the age of six years, he was diagnosed with bilateral congenital patellar dislocation and was managed nonoperatively. On examination, standing lower-extremity alignment measured 15° of valgus bilaterally. The passive range of motion of both knees measured 0° to 135°, with painful crepitus noted in the lateral compartments. The patient had a 30° extensor lag. Lateral dislocation of the patella was present bilaterally. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral valgus deformity with complete loss of the lateral compartment joint space. The patellae were laterally dislocated. A lateral unicompartmental hemiarthroplasty of the right knee was performed when the patient was fifty years of age, and the dislocated patella was not addressed. Because of recurrent disabling pain, the hemiarthroplasty was revised to a posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty with cement four years later, when the patient was fifty-four years of age. The extensor mechanism was reconstructed with use of a V-W quadricepsplasty technique, as described below. Ten years …
The effect of zeolite, organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil chemical properties, growth and biomass yield of apple trees

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic (cattle manure) and inorganic fertilizers [composite NPK (15:15:15)] and natural zeolites on soil properties, vegetative growth and yield of apple plants grown on vertisol under Cacak conditions (Western Serbia). The results showed that the combined fertilization induced a decrease in acidity, an increase in humus content, a partial increase in total nitrogen (N TOT ), and, primarily, a rise in available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels. A highly significant (P < 0.01) interactive effect of the apple cultivars and nutrients on one-year-old shoot length and trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and a significant effect (P < 0.05) on yield per tree and yield per hectare were determined.
The relationship between ERS-2 SAR backscatter and soil moisture: Generalization from a humid to semi-arid transect

A linear relationship between ERS-2 SAR backscattering coe c cient (s0) and volumetric soil moisture was determined at both ends of a rainfall gradient in Israel. A Normalized radar Backscatter soil Moisture Index (NBMI) was derived and related strongly to soil moisture concentration. This index may allow the mapping of soil moisture conditions over large areas with C band SAR data.
A 2.45GHz CMOS power amplifier with high linearity

A 2.45GHz 0. 18µm RF CMOS Class-AB power amplifier (PA) with high linearity and output power for WLAN is presented in this paper. The proposed power amplifier is implemented with a two-stage architecture which is followed by an off-chip output matching network. To improve the linearity, an integrated diode linearization circuit provides a compensation mechanism for the input capacitance variation of the active devices, improving the linearity from the gain compressing. Moreover, a simple LC second harmonic tank and optimum gate biasing point is applied for the cancellation of the nonlinear harmonic generated by gm. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique, two types of PAs have been designed. The improved PA at 2.4V supply voltage, has a 22.5dB of power gain,5 dBm increase of P1dB, 15% and 5dB improvement of PAE at P1dB and IMD3, respectively, as compared with the traditional PA‥
"What if my mum sees it?": Examination of visible brand interaction in the presence of a wider network

Purpose It is known that to encourage people to interact (e.g. sharing) with brands through social media, businesses create content in line with the expectations of their target audience. On these sites, however, such interaction by consumers is visible, contributing to their self-presentation, which can be seen by their wider network; some of whom will find it appropriate, others may not. Currently, little is known about the effects of consumers’ own diverse set of audiences on behavioral intention toward brand interaction and emotional effect. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Survey methodology (n=386) was adopted to examine intention to interact with real brand posts. Findings Results show that the brand interaction is associated with social anxiety when it is felt that visible evidence of such actions is discrepant from the audience expectations. This, then, constrains the behavioral intention to interact with brands online. Practical implications For businesses to maximize brand interactions and minimize social anxiety, they must be mindful of not just the expectations of their target but also consider their target’s own network. For site designers, this research urges for greater refining of privacy tools and suggests the addition of a “Secret Like” option. Originality/value Encouraging visible brand interaction through social media is paramount for businesses. Managers focus only on their target audience when designing content but neglect to consider the self-presentational implications of interacting with branded content to wider networks. This paper shows that this must be considered to increase success and maintain ethical practice. This is of value for multiple-stakeholders, managers, users, site designers and academics.
Effect of dithiocarbamate thiram on Wistar rat growth plate and articular cartilage

Recebido em 13 de agosto de 2011 Aceito em 23 de novembro de 2011 *Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: fcs@uevora.pt Dithiocarbamates, as disulfiram, ziram, and thiram, are extensively used as agricultural fungicides for both foliage application and seed treatment. Thiram is also used as fruit and mushrooms disinfectant, as well as a repellent for rodents and certain large animals that cause damage to field crops, and as ingredient of medicated soaps, suntan, and antiseptic sprays. In addition, it is used as a rubber accelerator in tire industry and as a lubricating oil additive. Thiram is available as dust, wettable powder, water suspension formulations, and in mixtures with other fungicides (Dalvi et al., 1988; see Extonet, 2011). Toxic and some tumorigenic effects have been observed in different animal species exposed to thiram (Dalvi, 1988; Maita et al., 1991; Extonet, 2011), numerous tests indicate that it is genotoxic (Crebelli et al., 1992; Hemavathi and Rahiman, 1996) and effects on cartilaginous tissues in vitro (Rath et al., 1995) and in vivo, in different animal species exposed to dithiocarbamtes, including thiram, were reported (Enomoto et al., 1989; Suzuki et al., 2000, 2001; Rath et al., 2004; 2007; Simsa et al., 2007). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dithiocarbamate thiram on the growth plate and articular cartilage of mammals, using Wistar rats as experimental model.
Semantic Priming in Alzheimer's Dementia: Evidence for Dissociation of Automatic and Attentional Processes

The nature of the semantic memory deficit in dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) was investigated in a semantic priming task which was designed to assess both automatic and attention-induced priming effects. Ten DAT patients and 10 age-matched control subjects completed a word naming semantic priming task in which both relatedness proportion (RP) and stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) were varied. A clear dissociation between automatic and attentional priming effects in both groups was demonstrated; however, the DAT subjects' pattern of priming deviated significantly from that of the normal controls. The DAT patients failed to produce any priming under conditions which encouraged automatic semantic processing and produced facilitation only when the RP was high. In addition, the DAT group produced hyperpriming, with significantly larger facilitation effects than the control group. These results suggest an impairment of automatic spreading activation in DAT and have implications for theories of semantic memory impairment in DAT as well as models of normal priming.
Sex differences in the alterations of Na+,K+‐ATPase following ischaemia–reperfusion injury in the rat kidney

Postischaemic acute renal failure (ARF) is influenced by sex. Na+,K+‐ATPase (NKA) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of postischaemic ARF. We tested the impact of sex on mRNA, protein expression, cellular distribution and enzyme activity of NKA following renal ischaemia–reperfusion (I‐R) injury. The left renal pedicle of uninephrectomized female (F) and male (M) Wistar rats was clamped for 55 min followed by 2 h (T2) and 16 h (T16) of reperfusion. Uninephrectomized, sham‐operated F and M rats served as controls (n= 6 per group). Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and renal histology were evaluated to detect the severity of postischaemic ARF. mRNA expression of NKA α1 and β1 subunits were detected by RT‐PCR. The effect of I‐R on cellular distribution was compared by Triton X‐100 extraction. Cellular proteins were divided into Triton‐insoluble and Triton‐soluble fractions and assessed by Western blot. NKA enzyme activity was also determined. After the ischaemic insult blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were higher and renal histology showed more rapid progression in M versus F (P < 0.05). mRNA expression of the NKA α1 subunit decreased in I‐R groups versus controls, but was higher in F versus M both in control and I‐R groups (P < 0.05). However, protein levels of the NKA α1 subunit in total tissue homogenate did not differ in controls, but were higher in F versus M in I‐R groups (P < 0.05). Triton X‐100 extractability was lower in F versus M at T16 (P < 0.05). NKA enzyme activity was the same in controls, but was higher in F versus M in I‐R groups (T2: 14.9 ± 2.3 versus 9.15 ± 2.21 U) (T16: 11.7 ± 4.1 versus 5.65 ± 2.3 U; P < 0.05). mRNA and protein expression of the NKA β1 subunit did not differ between F and M in any of the protocol. We concluded that NKA is more protected from the detrimental effects of postischaemic injury in females. Higher mRNA and protein expression of the NKA α1 subunit and higher enzyme activity might be additional contributing factors to the improved postischaemic renal function of female rats.
Degrees-of-Freedom of the MIMO Three-Way Channel With Node-Intermittency

The characterization of fundamental performance bounds of many-to-many communication systems in which participating nodes are active in an intermittent way is one of the major challenges in communication theory. In order to address this issue, we introduce the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) three-way channel (3WC) with an intermittent node and study its degrees-of-freedom (DoF) region and sum-DoF. We devise a non-adaptive encoding scheme based on zero-forcing, interference alignment, and erasure coding, and show its DoF region (and thus sum-DoF) optimality for non-intermittent 3WCs and its sum-DoF optimality for (node-) intermittent 3WCs. However, we show by example that in general some DoF tuples in the intermittent 3WC can only be achieved by adaptive schemes such as decode-forward relaying. This shows that non-adaptive encoding is sufficient for the non-intermittent 3WC and for the sum-DoF of intermittent 3WCs but adaptive encoding is necessary for the DoF region of intermittent 3WCs. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the fundamental limits of multi-way communication systems with intermittency and the impact of adaptation therein.
A Dynamic Neural Network Architecture by Sequential Partitioning of the Input Space

We present a sequential approach to training multilayer perceptrons for pattern classification applications. The network is presented with each item of data only once and its architecture is dynamically adjusted during training. At the arrival of each example, a decision whether to increase the complexity of the network, or simply train the existing nodes is made based on three heuristic criteria. These criteria measure the position of the new item of data in the input space with respect to the information currently stored in the network. During the training process, each layer is assumed to be an independent entity with its particular input space. By adding nodes to each layer, the algorithm is effectively adding a hyperplane to the input space, hence adding a partition in the input space for that layer. When existing nodes are sufficient to accommodate the incoming input, the corresponding hidden nodes will be trained accordingly. Each hidden unit in the network is trained in closed form by means of a recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm. A local covariance matrix of the data is maintained at each node and the closed form solution is recursively updated. The three criteria are computed from these covariance matrices to keep low computational cost. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated on two problems. The first problem is the two-dimensional Peterson and Barney vowel data. The second problem is a 33-dimensional data derived from a vision system for classifying wheat grains. The sequential nature of the algorithm has an efficient hardware implementation in the form of systolic arrays, and the incremental training idea has better biological plausibility compared with iterative methods.