Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Managerial Response to the Level of Consumer Complicity, Pirate Activity, and Host Country Enforcement of Counterfeit Goods: An Exploratory Study

The major findings of this exploratory research are that a firm’s level of market commitment through future investments will increase in strategically important markets, regardless of high consumer complicity to purchase fake goods; that companies will employ additional anti‐counterfeiting tactics in markets with a high level of pirates and a high degree of enforcement of its intellectual property rights; and that companies employ a standardized approach of anti‐counterfeiting tactics targeted at consumers.
[Depression and pain in arthrosis of spine and hip in elderly patients].

UNLABELLED Various pain complaints are the most frequent symptoms in depression. However neither ICD-10 nor DSM-IV do not treat the pain as an essential and vital indicator of depression. There is also lack of works which describe shown above relation. AIM The aim of our research determines the connection between the intensity of depression symptoms and pain perception in elderly patients who are treated for pain in arthrosis of spine and arthrosis of hip. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research was conducted in a group of 60 patients. The whole group was divided into two subgroups: group A (30 people with arthrosis of spine: 22 women and 8 men) and group B (30 people with arthrosis of hip: 23 women and 7 men). All of them were undergone 10 physiotherapy surgeries (magnetic field and therapy laser). The appraisal of the influence of the treatment on the intensity of depression symptoms was made on the basis of Depression Scale Montgomery-Asberg (MADRAS) and the appraisal of the intensity of pain was made on the basis of Visual Analogy Scale of Pain. RESULTS The important impact of conducted surgeries on the intensity of pain complaint as well as the escalation of depression indicators were stated. Not only in the first but also in the second case presented patients' diseases were alleviated (the intensity of depression symptoms and of perceptible suffering decreased). Nevertheless, this relation was observed only when moderate and mild escalation of depression appeared. CONCLUSIONS The decrease on the intensity of pain experience reduce depression symptoms in these cases in which the escalation of the second ones is not substantial.
Centre for Organisations In Development

This paper examines the causal mechanism by which national systems of corporate governance affect corporate governance (CSR), drawing on the institutional arguments of the comparative capitalism literature, and in particular the concept of institutional complementarity (a process of mutual reinforcement). The paper adopts the typologies of capitalisms used in the literature – namely, liberal market economies (the US and the UK), coordinated market economies (Germany and Japan) and state-led market economies (France and South Korea) – to explore and illustrate institutional complementarity at work. Through an analysis of comparative capitalism, corporate governance, and CSR, the paper supports the following propositions: first, CSR is a complementary institution to the national system of corporate governance; and second, national differences in the way CSR is perceived by the business community reflect variations in their corporate governance systems, which are embedded in broader institutional arrangements in the spheres of finance and labor relations. This study goes beyond works that allude to close links between corporate governance and CSR to pinpoint institutional complementarity as the causal mechanism by which national corporate governance arrangements shape CSR motives. While CSR has been often perceived as a product of leadership, organisational culture, and sectoral and global pressures, the paper illustrates that it is also a product of national institutional arrangements. This implies that firms intending to commit to CSR should also understand that the broader institutional arrangements that shape their national corporate governance systems are likely to have a significant bearing on the nature and the degree of their commitments.
Services considered important to business customers and determinants of bank selection in Kuwait: a segmentation analysis

Examines various segmentation analysis tools for bank marketing strategies. Aims to identify the relative importance of banking services to business customers’ needs, and to find out the true determinants of bank selection decisions. Profile analysis results revealed that Kuwaiti, non‐Kuwaiti, and joint business firms are significantly different in their perceptions of the relative importance of many services offered by Kuwaiti banks. Posits that the true determinants of bank selection decisions made by business customers are more likely to be a function of both the perceived importance of bank attributes and the differences among banks in a given region with regard to each of these attributes. Lists the most important factors which influence bank selection. Demonstrates by multiple discriminant analysis that “group membership” of business customer segments with different nationalities can be predicted on the basis of the determinants of bank selection decisions.
Gene Expression Changes Underlying Idiopathic Central Hypogonadism in Cryptorchidism with Defective Mini-Puberty

The whole genome RNA profiling of testicular biopsies by DNA strand-specific RNA sequencing was examined to determine a potential causative role of isolated congenital cryptorchidism in azoospermia and/or infertility in the context of our previously published GeneChip data. Cryptorchid patients, aged 7 months to 5 years and otherwise healthy, were enrolled in this prospective study. During surgery, testicular tissue biopsies were obtained for histological examination and RNA sequencing. Fifteen patients were selected based on the histological results and were divided into 2 groups. Seven were classified as belonging to the high infertility risk (HIR) and 8 to the low infertility risk (LIR) group. Cryptorchid boys in the HIR group lacked transformation of gonocytes into Ad spermatogonia due to impaired mini-puberty. This group of patients will be infertile despite successful surgery. The new important finding was a decreased PROK2, CHD7, FGFR1, and SPRY4 gene expression in the HIR group. Furthermore, identification of multiple differences in gene expression between HIR and LIR groups underscores the importance of an intact hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis for fertility development. Our RNA profiling data strongly support the theory that in the HIR group of cryptorchid boys insufficient PROK2/CHD7/FGFR1/SPRY4 gene expression induces deficient LH secretion, resulting in impaired mini-puberty and infertility. We therefore recommend hormonal treatment for this cohort of cryptorchid boys with defective mini-puberty following a seemingly successful orchidopexy.
Interorganizational information system technology and buyer‐seller relationships

Interorganizational information systems (IOS), the computer based communication between buyers and sellers, can improve inventory management and control as well as reduce costs for all participants. However, stable relationships have been found to be disturbed when IOS is implemented. The objective of this study is to refine our understanding of the differences in perceptions and expectations of benefits from developing IOS as well as changes in the relationship structure. Results support previous research that identified gaps in relationship satisfaction between buyers and sellers when IOS technology is implemented.
Overcoming Potential Risks to Females Employed in the South African Construction Industry

Abstract Legislation in South Africa tasks the construction industry to increase employment of women in traditionally male workplaces. Susceptibility of women to negative factors (some contributing to HIV and AIDS) and the counter-active measures open to industry are explored. Empirical data were gathered via questionnaires and interviews to gain perceptions of employers and site-based employees. Findings comprise: sexual harassment; critical mass [numbers]; male chauvinism and sexism; and personal on-site safety. Female employees are more positive than male about women working on-site and overcoming male chauvinism and sexual harassment. Critical mass of women on site is seen as a prerequisite for safety. Women, more than men, consider sites inadequate in meeting safety and personal hygiene requirements of women. These factors contribute to exposure of women to risk of HIV and AIDS. The findings showed involvement with community and scholars improves women’s options in construction. Employees need to be more proactive in sensitizing male workers to the role of women in the industry and their potential contribution.
Diversity of references as an indicator of the interdisciplinarity of journals: Taking similarity between subject fields into account

The objective of this article is to further the study of journal interdisciplinarity, or, more generally, knowledge integration at the level of individual articles. Interdisciplinarity is operationalized by the diversity of subject fields assigned to cited items in the article's reference list. Subject fields and subfields were obtained from the Leuven‐Budapest (ECOOM) subject‐classification scheme, while disciplinary diversity was measured taking variety, balance, and disparity into account. As diversity measure we use a Hill‐type true diversity in the sense of Jost and Leinster‐Cobbold. The analysis is conducted in 3 steps. In the first part, the properties of this measure are discussed, and, on the basis of these properties it is shown that the measure has the potential to serve as an indicator of interdisciplinarity. In the second part the applicability of this indicator is shown using selected journals from several research fields ranging from mathematics to social sciences. Finally, the often‐heard argument, namely, that interdisciplinary research exhibits larger visibility and impact, is studied on the basis of these selected journals. Yet, as only 7 journals, representing a total of 15,757 articles, are studied, albeit chosen to cover a large range of interdisciplinarity, further research is still needed.
On Subexponential Parameterized Algorithms for Steiner Tree and Directed Subset TSP on Planar Graphs

There are numerous examples of the so-called "square root phenomenon" in the field of parameterized algorithms: many of the most fundamental graph problems, parameterized by some natural parameter k, become significantly simpler when restricted to planar graphs and in particular the best possible running time is exponential in O(sqrt(k)) instead of O(k) (modulo standard complexity assumptions). We consider two classic optimization problems parameterized by the number of terminals. The Steiner Tree problem asks for a minimum-weight tree connecting a given set of terminals T in an edge-weighted graph. In the Subset Traveling Salesman problem we are asked to visit all the terminals T by a minimum-weight closed walk. We investigate the parameterized complexity of these problems in planar graphs, where the number k = |T| of terminals is regarded as the parameter. Our results are the following: • Subset TSP can be solved in time 2^O(sqrt(k) log k) . n^O(1) even on edge-weighted directed planar graphs. This improves upon the algorithm of Klein and Marx [SODA 2014] with the same running time that worked only on undirected planar graphs with polynomially large integer weights. • Assuming the Exponential-Time Hypothesis, Steiner Tree on undirected planar graphs cannot be solved in time 2^o(k) . n^O(1), even in the unit-weight setting. This lower bound makes Steiner Tree the first "genuinely planar" problem (i.e., where the input is only planar graph with a set of distinguished terminals) for which we can show that the square root phenomenon does not appear. • Steiner Tree can be solved in time n^O(sqrt(k)) * W on undirected planar graphs with maximum edge weight W. Note that this result is incomparable to the fact that the problem is known to be solvable in time 2^k . n^O(1) even in general graphs. A direct corollary of the combination of our results for Steiner Tree is that this problem does not admit a parameter-preserving polynomial kernel on planar graphs unless ETH fails.
The Effectiveness of Sponsored Events in Promoting a Country's Image

This paper examines the extent to which sponsorship of an international event can change a country's image. From personal interviews with a representative sample of Israeli adults taken before and after the 1988 Olympic games held in Seoul, Korea, attitudes towards electronic consumer goods made in South Korea, Japan and West Germany were measured. A pre-test and post-test with control experimental design was used. The results show that sponsorship can improve a country's image as measured by more positive product evaluations.
Do Business Students’ Culturally Anchored Values Shape Student-Driven or Teacher-Driven Learning Style Preferences?

University education is part of a globally competitive service industry and contributes more to Australia’s export earnings than agriculture. This article argues that a deeper understanding of diverse cultural student groups is important for Australian and other universities that wish to differentiate their education service offerings by customizing them to different segments. International and domestic students are commonly seen to have different learning style preferences. This study empirically explores whether an understanding of culturally anchored values provides a better customer segmentation measure to predict learning style preferences than existing domestic and international student measures. Three questions are empirically addressed: Do business students’ culturally anchored values explain variation in learning style preferences? Do students’ culturally anchored values predict a preference for a more student- or teacher-driven learning environment? and Can an understanding of culturally anchored values provide a better customer segmentation variable to identify learning style preferences than the more commonly used categories of domestic and international? This study found that culturally anchored values provided stronger predictors of learning style preferences than domestic and international student categorizations. Implications for marketing undergraduate business programs are identified.
The Impact of the Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pharmacovigilance toward Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting among Health-care Professionals in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Background: Knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP)-based educational intervention is an important tool to reduce underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Hence, this study aimed to assess the KAP of doctors and nurses working in medicine and allied departments of Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research on spontaneous reporting of ADRs, following an educational intervention. The study also compared the quantity of ADRs reported before and after 1 year of introducing the educational intervention. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involving doctors and nurses working in a tertiary care hospital in South India. A predesigned structured questionnaire was prepared to suit our ADR monitoring center, validated and then distributed to doctors and nurses working in medicine and allied departments of the institute. The study participants were asked to fill KAP pretest questionnaire followed by interactive educational intervention and post-test questionnaire related to KAP after 1 year. The impact of educational intervention among doctors and nurses was evaluated by their response to the post-test questionnaire and the number of ADR reported after intervention. The appropriate statistical analysis was used through Graph Pad InStat version 3.0. Results: A total of 235 health-care professionals were involved in the pre-KAP questionnaire, an educational intervention, and post-KAP questionnaire. Among them, doctors were 39%, and nurses were 61%. The overall response rate among doctors and nurses following educational intervention was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Following the educational intervention, the quantity of ADR reported became double compared to pre-intervention. Conclusion: The KAP of health-care professionals improved following educational interventional program on pharmacovigilance. Continued educational intervention may inculcate ADR reporting culture among health-care professionals.
Effect of Central Cholinergic Stimulation on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer's Disease

Patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) had reduced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the posterior parietotemporal region compared with controls, as determined with technetium-99m hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime and single photon emission tomography. Central cholinergic stimulation with physostigmine produced a focal increase in rCBF in the posterior parietotemporal region in the patients with AD but not in controls.
Bank Competition and Financial Stability: Much Ado About Nothing?

The theoretical literature gives conflicting predictions on how bank competition should affect financial stability, and dozens of researchers have attempted to evaluate the relationship empirically. We collect 598 estimates of the competition-stability nexus reported in 31 studies and analyze the literature using meta-analysis methods. We control for 35 aspects of study design and employ Bayesian model averaging to tackle the resulting model uncertainty. Our findings suggest that the definition of financial stability and bank competition used by researchers influences their results in a systematic way. The choice of data, estimation methodology, and control variables also affects the reported coefficient. We find evidence for moderate publication bias. Taken together, the estimates reported in the literature suggest little interplay between competition and stability, especially in developing and transition countries, even when corrected for publication bias and potential misspecifications.
Strategic Management in Emerging Industries: Evidence from the Renewable Energy Industry

The challenges that complicate strategic management in emerging industries, like the renewable energy industry, motivate this dissertation. In particular, difficulties stemming from the industrial context, from environmental uncertainty, and from manager-stakeholder interactions are discussed. The most prominent environmental hurdles are thereby to be found in the areas of regulation, technology and economics. Overall, facilitating strategic management in the renewable energy industry is crucial, because the sector‟s further evolvement is essential for an effective energy system transformation. Based on theoretical reasoning and empirical analyses I find that strategic management in emerging industries, and particularly in the renewable energy industry, requires a high awareness of contextual constraints. The main implications for managers, investors, and policy makers are the following: Strategic decisions need to be thoroughly aligned with stakeholders to ensure implementation and to create competitive advantage. In addition, this thesis helps investors in their assessment of investment targets in the renewable energy industry and helps managers to better understand investor perceptions. The findings from this dissertation should, moreover, encourage policy makers to increase their awareness for the influencing power they have in shaping the decision environment and in interacting with managers. This thesis starts with a review of strategic management in emerging industries and develops a research framework from the „strategy as practice‟ perspective. After the identification of current research gaps three individual papers scrutinize questions related to success factors and obstacles when operating in emerging industries. By looking at different firms along the energy system value chain, the papers discuss the following three topics in detail: The first paper assesses the role of status-quo biases of directors for strategic renewal in the Swiss utility sector. The second paper looks at performance implications of business model consistency in the wind and solar sector across the value chain. The third paper analyzes investor reactions to diversification decisions by multi-technology firms into the renewable energy industry. Within each paper implications for research and practice are identified. Aggregated conclusions are drawn at the end of this dissertation.
Higher than expected prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in Lithuania: a study of 1204 boys at birth and 1 year follow-up.

BACKGROUND Cryptorchidism at birth is one of the symptoms of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). The aim of the study was to detect prevalence of cryptorchidism in Lithuanian newborn boys. METHODS A total of 1204 consecutively born boys were examined within the first days after birth in one regional hospital. Boys cryptorchid at birth were reexamined 1 year later. RESULTS The prevalence of cryptorchidism at birth was 5.7% (69 cases). Cryptorchidism was associated with low birth weight (P < 0.0001), preterm delivery (P < 0.0001), small gestational weight (P = 0.03) and other congenital abnormalities of genitalia (P = 0.0001). No correlation between cryptorchidism at birth and maternal age, birth order or mode of delivery was demonstrated in this study, but paternal body mass index <20 kg/m2 was found to be a significant risk factor (P = 0.001). The prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism at 1 year of age was 1.4%. CONCLUSIONS We detected lower frequency of cryptorchidism at birth in Lithuanian boys than in Danes (9.0%), but higher than in Finns (2.4%). We had expected the frequencies in Lithuania and Finland to be relatively similar because the other symptoms of TDS (incidence of testicular cancer and semen quality) are close in these countries.
Prequit fMRI responses to pleasant cues and cigarette-related cues predict smoking cessation outcome.

INTRODUCTION The reasons that some smokers find it harder to quit than others are unclear. Understanding how individual differences predict smoking cessation outcomes may allow the development of more successful personalized treatments for nicotine dependence. Theoretical models suggest that drug users might be characterized by increased sensitivity to drug cues and by reduced sensitivity to nondrug-related natural rewards. We hypothesized that baseline differences in brain sensitivity to natural rewards and cigarette-related cues would predict the outcome of a smoking cessation attempt. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we recorded prequit brain responses to neutral, emotional (pleasant and unpleasant), and cigarette-related cues from 55 smokers interested in quitting. We then assessed smoking abstinence, mood, and nicotine withdrawal symptoms during the course of a smoking cessation attempt. RESULTS Using cluster analysis, we identified 2 groups of smokers who differed in their baseline responses to pleasant cues and cigarette-related cues in the posterior visual association areas, the dorsal striatum, and the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Smokers who showed lower prequit levels of brain reactivity to pleasant stimuli than to cigarette-related cues were less likely to be abstinent 6 months after their quit attempt, and they had higher levels of negative affect during the course of the quit attempt. CONCLUSIONS Smokers with blunted brain responses to pleasant stimuli, relative to cigarette-related stimuli, had more difficulty quitting smoking. For these individuals, the lack of alternative forms of reinforcement when nicotine deprived might be an important factor underlying relapse. Normalizing these pathological neuroadaptations may help them achieve abstinence.