Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GRENVILLE SKARN TITANITE: POTENTIAL REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR SIMS U–Th–Pb ANALYSIS

We have investigated the homogeneity, chemical composition, structure, degree of radiation damage, and post-formation evolution of titanite crystals from skarns of the Grenville Province of the Canadian Shield using SHRIMP, TIMS, Raman and PL spectroscopy, EBSD, and EPMA–WDS. These results are used to assess the potential of the titanite as Reference Material (RM) for micro-analytical U–Th–Pb age dating. The SHRIMP data show that these megacrysts (5–31g) have concordant U–Pb isotope systematics, 60 to 500 ppm U, 120 to 1200 ppm Th, 206 Pb/ 204 Pb between 500 and 2500, ages of ~1 Ga, and excellent homogeneity at the scale of the analytical volume of the ion probe. The ID–TIMS titanite data for OLT1, OLT2 and TCB show that these crystals are essentially concordant. Data for OLT1 and OLT2 show slight scatter ( i.e. , in excess of that expected from the uncertainty in an individual analysis). For OLT1, one of seven analyses shows Pb loss or, possibly, a younger period of growth. Crystals OLT1 and OLT2 have respective TIMS concordia ages of 1014.8 ± 2.0 Ma (2σ, n = 6, MSWD = 1.8) and 998.0 ± 4.5 Ma (2σ, n = 3, MSWD = 3.3) for domains that have not lost Pb. The TIMS analyses of TCB are tightly clustered and give a concordia age of 1018.1 ± 1.7 Ma (2σ, n = 4, MSWD = 0.92). Raman and PL spectra show a low to moderate degree of accumulated radiation-induced damage in the Grenville Skarn Titanite crystals and uniform internal distributions of this damage. The EDSB contrast images indicate little or no crystallographic misorientation. The EMPA–WDS data show that the outer 50–100 μm of the OLT1 and TCB crystals are enriched in Al and F, and depleted in Fe and Nb, when compared with the interior. In spite of the variation in composition and degree of radiation damage amongst samples, there are no identifiable matrix effects in our SHRIMP data. Some Grenville skarn titanite (GST) crystals have potential as RM for micro-analytical U–Th–Pb age dating. Crystal TCB has excellent homogeneity of U–Th–Pb isotopic composition. Crystals OLT1 and OLT2 have minor TIMS age heterogeneity. However, this heterogeneity is smaller than that of the Khan titanite, our current in-house titanite standard. Careful selection of analysis areas during SIMS, and of chips for TIMS analysis, allows high-quality isotopic data to be obtained from these large crystals of titanite.
An inflamed appendix incarcerated in an incisional hernia

In this report, an extremely rare case of an inflamed appendix incarcerated in an abdominal hernia in a 53-year-old female after a gynecological procedure performed via a Pfannenstiel’s incision is presented. The diagnosis was reached intraoperatively, despite preoperative examination with ultrasonography. A typical appendectomy and simple sutured closure were performed. Authors’ case is discussed with the only such occurrence previously reported, as well as the more frequently encountered Amyand’s and de Garangeot’s hernias.
Effect of calcium fortification and steaming on chemical, physical and cooking properties of milled rice

Milled rice of two varieties, Jehlum and Shlimar Rice-1 were subjected to seven chemical treatments and five steaming treatments for calcium fortification. Physic-chemical and organoleptic evaluations of each treatment were carried out before and after fortification. Jehlum proved superior in whiteness (L -value), starch and sugar content, volume expansion, elongation ratio and minimum cooking time, while Shalimar Rice-1 proved better in crude protein and calcium content. Fortification treatments resulted in an increase in yellowness (bvalue), water uptake, calcium content and calcium retention in cooked rice. However, significant decrease was noticed in whiteness (L- value) and redness (a- value) with increasing concentration of calcium in soaking solution. The highest calcium content (184.45 mg/100 g) was recorded in T3 (Ca lactate at 0.8% a.i. Ca) followed by 184.04 mg/100 g recorded in T6 (Ca gluconate at 0.8% a.i. Ca) samples, while the minimum (8.05 mg/100 g) was observed in T0 (control-water dip) samples. Steaming of rice resulted in an increase in total sugar, moisture and yellowness (b- values), as well as calcium retention in cooked rice, while as a significant decrease was observed in colour (L and a values), crude protein and starch content, volume expansion, elongation ratio and water uptake. Key words: Calcium, chemical properties, cooking quality, fortification, physic-chemical properties, steaming and milled rice.
A unique distant submillimeter galaxy with an X-ray-obscured radio-luminous active galactic nucleus

Aims. We present a multiwavelength study of an atypical submillimeter galaxy, GH500.30, in the GOODS-North field, with the aim to understand its physical properties of stellar and dust emission, as well as the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity. Although it is shown that the source is likely an extremely dusty galaxy at high redshift, its exact position of submillimeter emission is unknown. Methods. We use NOEMA observation at 1.2 mm with subarcsecond resolution to resolve the dust emission, and precisely localize the counterparts at other wavelengths, which allows us to better constrain its stellar and dust spectral energy distribution (SED) as well as redshift. We carry out the new near-infrared (NIR) photometry of GH500.30 observed with HST, and perform panchromatic SED modelling from ultraviolet (UV)/optical to submillimeter. We derive the photometric redshift using both NIR and far-infrared (FIR) SED modeling, and place constraints on the stellar and dust properties such as stellar mass, age, dust attenuation, IR luminosity, and star-formation rate (SFR). The AGN properties are inferred from the X-ray spectral analysis and radio observations, and its contribution to the total IR luminosity is estimated from the broadband SED fittings using MAGPHYS. Results. With the new NOEMA interferometric imaging, we confirm that the source is a unique dusty galaxy. It has no obvious counterpart in the optical and even NIR images observed with HST at λ ≲ 1.4 μm. Photometric-redshift analyses from both stellar and dust SED suggest it to likely be at z ≳ 4, though a lower redshift at z ≳ 3.1 cannot be fully ruled out (at 90% confidence interval). Explaining its unusual optical-to-NIR properties requires an old stellar population (∼0.67 Gyr), coexisting with a very dusty ongoing starburst component. The latter is contributing to the FIR emission, with its rest-frame UV and optical light being largely obscured along our line of sight. If the observed fluxes at the rest-frame optical/NIR wavelengths were mainly contributed by old stars, a total stellar mass of ∼3.5 × 1011 M⊙ would be obtained. An X-ray spectral analysis suggests that this galaxy harbors a heavily obscured AGN with NH = 3.3+2.0−1.7 × 1023 cm−2 and an intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity of Lx ∼ 2.6 × 1044 erg s−1, which places this object among distant type 2 quasars. The radio emission of the source is extremely bright, which is an order of magnitude higher than the star-formation-powered emission, making it one of the most distant radio-luminous dusty galaxies. Conclusions. The combined characteristics of the galaxy suggest that the source appears to have been caught in a rare but critical transition stage in the evolution of submillimeter galaxies, where we are witnessing the birth of a young AGN and possibly the earliest stage of its jet formation and feedback.
Approaching and rostrum protrusion behaviours of Rhynocoris marginatus on three prey chemical cues

Rhynocoris marginatus (F.) (Heteroptera Reduviidae) is a polyphagous predator predominantly found in agroecosystems, and their bordering ecosystems like scrub jungles, semi-arid zones and forests in India. Although R. marginatus is a polyphagous predator, it exhibited a certain degree of host specificity. Due to its predatory potential, R. marginatus has been used as an important biological control agent in India. Laboratory and field trials showed that R. marginatus feeds mainly on lepidopteran pests followed by coleopteran pests. R. marginatus locates the preys by the chemical cues emanating from them. Approaching and rostrum protrusion behaviours of R. marginatus life stages on hexane extract of three groundnut pests, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae), Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) and Mylabris pustulata (Thunberg) (Coleoptera Meloidae). Significantly R. marginatus adult was found to be more responsive to the chemical cues of S. litura (62.5%) followed by H. armigera (60%) and M. pustulata (40%). R. marginatus showed minimal preference to M. pustulata chemical cues as compared to H. armigera and S. litura chemical cusses. The prey’s chemical cues elicited a quicker approaching behaviour of the predator than the control. Moreover the rostrum protrusion time was also higher in the prey chemical cues categories as compared to the control. The results clearly show the role of prey chemical cues in prey-predator interaction. GC-MS analysis of the prey chemical cues indicated H. armigera, M. pustulata and S. litura contains eight, eight and five saturated hydrocarbons, respectively.
Seasonal variations in endurance performance, and aerobic and anaerobic variables in competitive cross country skiers

Hecker, Jeremy 2016. Seasonal variations in endurance performance, and aerobic and anaerobic variables in competitive cross country skiers. Department of Biology of Physical Activity. University of Jyväskylä. Master’s Thesis in Science of Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing. 74pp. Cross country skiing is known as an endurance sport and both aerobic and anaerobic systems have a major impact on performance in cross country skiers. Coaches and athletes use periodized training programs to optimize physiological adaptations and increase performance. Knowing how the major aerobic and anaerobic variables change during the course of one ski season will allow better implementation of training programs. This study examined variations in endurance performance, and how that relates to the variation in different aerobic and anaerobic variables. There were 19 subjects in the study, 11 male and 8 female. All subjects were competitive cross country skiers. The study took place over the course of one training/competitive year and was split into four different testing periods. Periods took place in May, July/August, October/November and April. The first test was a long maximal aerobic capacity test that looked at time to exhaustion (TTE), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), aerobic threshold (VO2AT), anaerobic threshold (VO2ANT), and submaximal economy (V1, V2). The second test was a shorter rollerski treadmill test looking at maximal anaerobic skiing speed (MASS). There was a significant increase in TTE (7.4% ± 7.2), VO2ANT (4.8% ± 8.7), and MASS (7.1% ± 4.1) through the preparation periods 1-3 (p < 0.05). There was a small decrease in V1 (-2.8% ± 4.7) and V2 (-2.8% ± 4.2) submaximal economy between periods 1-3 (p < 0.05). There was also no significant variation in VO2peak or VO2AT during any periods in the study. VO2peak (r = 0.820, p < 0.01), VO2ANT (r = 0.795, p < 0.01), and MASS (r = 0.687, p < 0.01) were significantly correlated with TTE. The major findings of the study showed that there was an increase in endurance performance during the preparation phase of training. Endurance performance was correlated with VO2peak, VO2ANT, and MASS. With the significant variation in VO2ANT and MASS during the year, athletes and coaches should focus on trying to increase the anaerobic threshold and neuromuscular performance using a periodized training program.
Relative Fitness of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Resistant and Susceptible to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3A Toxin

Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare relative fitness of strains of Colorado potato beetle resistant and susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis Cry3A toxin. Net replacement rates and intrinsic rates of population increase were calculated for resistant and susceptible populations. During the experiment, susceptible males on average copulated 13.3 6 1.5 times, whereas resistant males copulated only 8.0 6 1.0 times. Susceptible females produced an average of 824.2 6 68.1 eggs and 590.9 6 58.5 larvae, which was significantly . 484.6 6 48.0 eggs and 334.9 6 39.7 larvae produced by an average resistant female. As a result, both net replacement rate and intrinsic rate of increase were reduced for the resistant population. Furthermore, twice as many susceptible beetles as resistant beetles survived overwintering diapause. Our results clearly indicate that relative fitness of resistant individuals is reduced in the absence of B. thuringiensis in the environment. Therefore, relaxation of selection pressure through refugia and insecticide rotation will favor decrease in the frequency of resistant alleles in beetle populations.
Updates in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It forms about 7% of all cancers and is considered to be the third cause of cancer related deaths. East Asia is considered the most affected part. HCC is potentially curable with high incidence of mortality. Liver cirrhosis (due to hepatitis B, C, alcoholic related cirrhosis, and metabolic related disorders) is considered the main risk factor. Proper multidisciplinary teams are needed for proper management. The lines of treatment include liver resection and liver transplantation. Removal of the tumor with safety margin is considered the only way for recovery. Whenever surgery or transplantation is not achievable, local ablative therapies will be of benefit. These local modalities include radiofrequency ablation, radioembolisation, chemoembolisation, percutaneous ethanol ablation, and intrahepatic radiotherapy. They are able to prolong survival although they are of palliative nature. Systemic measures include chemotherapy,immunologic, hormonal therapies and molecular targeted therapies (Sorafenib). Other strategies include down staging and bridging that can improve the survival in patients with HCC on the waiting list waiting for liver transplantation.
An Industrial Organization Approach to the Study of Export Intensity: Strategic Market Interactions and Export Intensity

In developing countries characterized by relatively small domestic markets, local firms may have to internationalize in order to realize their growth potential. Despite the formidable challenges that may accompany the internationalization process, globally-oriented managers and domestic policymakers may effectively craft coherent export-promotion strategies and policies, respectively, if they have a solid understanding of the determinants of export performance. While the empirical export performance literature in the field of international business (IB) has the potential to contribute towards this end, it appears to be hampered by a paucity of rigorous theoretical frameworks. In the virtual absence of a well-articulated direction on how to fill this theoretical void, this paper makes a case for the application of industrial organization (IO)-based modeling in this line of research. It formulates a model of exporting in the context of market structures characterized by a monopoly, and a (symmetric linear) Stackleberg duopoly with price discrimination. Under this theoretical framework, it is found that the Stackleberg leader has an export intensity of zero, while the Stackleberg follower has an export intensity of one-half. But at an export intensity of two-thirds, the price-discriminating monopolist has the largest export intensity. These analytical results provide insights into the so-called “industry effects” phenomenon that has been noted in empirical export performance studies, and strengthens the theoretical argument for the conventional use of industry-dummy variables to control for hypothesized industry effects. More generally, this paper signals a potentially fruitful direction for IO-based modeling in the extant empirical export performance literature.
Impact of microcredit on rural households: an evaluation using panel data

This paper investigates the impact of microcredit on rural households. The impact of a microcredit program on target households is subject to two main sources of bias, observed and unobserved bias. To evaluate the microcredit program’s impact, we used the 2006 and 2008 Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys and applied the Propensity Score Matching approach and Fixed Effects models. The results show a greater consumption and income impact for the ‘true poor’ when only the poor group is included in the comparison. This implies that the ‘true poor’ benefit more from involvement with a microcredit program than do low-income households. In addition, greater impacts were identified in the Mekong River Delta, assuming that endogeneity is significantly controlled for in the models.
Online Appendix : When Does Advice Impact Startup Performance ?

Why do some entrepreneurs thrive while others fail? We explore whether the advice entrepreneurs receive about people management influences their firm’s performance. We conducted a randomized field experiment in India with 100 high-growth technology firms whose founders received in-person advice from other entrepreneurs who varied in their managerial style. We find that entrepreneurs who received advice from peers with an active approach to managing people—instituting regular meetings, setting goals consistently, and providing frequent feedback to employees—grew 28% larger and were 10 percentage points less likely to fail than those who got advice from peers with a passive people-management approach two years after our intervention. Entrepreneurs with MBAs or accelerator experience did not respond to this intervention, suggesting that formal training can limit the spread of peer advice. úAuthors names are alphabetical All authors contributed equally to this project. This research has received funding and support from The Indian Software Product Industry Roundtable (iSPIRT), Stanford’s SEED Center, Duke’s Innovation and Entrepreneurship Initiative, Stanford GSB, and the Kau man Foundation. Special thanks to our field partner, iSPIRT, who made this research possible, Gokul KS, who worked tirelessly to make PNgrowth a success, Randy Lubin for his help at the retreat and Aditya Ruia for assistance in collecting the outcome data. A previous version of this paper was titled “Learning to Manage: A Field Experiment in the Indian Startup Ecosystem. ”
Numerical simulations of homologous coronal mass ejections in the solar wind

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are enormous expulsions of magnetic flux and plasma from the solar corona. Most scientists agree that a coronal mass ejection is the sudden release of magnetic free energy stored in a strongly stressed field. However, the exact reason for this sudden release is still highly debated. Aims. In an initial multiflux system in steady state equilibrium, containing a pre-eruptive region consisting of three arcades with alternating magnetic flux polarity, we study the initiation and early evolution properties of a sequence of CMEs by shearing a region slightly larger than the central arcade. Methods. We solve the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations in an axisymmetrical domain from the solar surface up to 30 R-circle dot. The ideal MHD equations are advanced in time over a non uniform grid using a modified version of the Versatile Advection Code (VAC). Results. By applying shearing motions on the solar surface, the magnetic field is energised and multiple eruptions are obtained. Magnetic reconnection first opens the overlying field and two new reconnections sites set in on either side of the central arcade. After the disconnection of the large helmet top, the system starts to restore itself but cannot return to its original configuration as a new arcade has already started to erupt. This process then repeats itself as we continue shearing. Conclusions. The simulations reported in the present paper, demonstrate the ability to obtain a sequence of CMEs by shearing a large region of the central arcade or by shearing a region that is only slightly larger than the central arcade. We show, be it in an axisymmetric configuration, that the breakout model can not only lead to confined eruptions but also to actual coronal mass ejections provided the model includes a realistic solar wind model.
A High-resolution Mosaic of the Neutral Hydrogen in the M81 Triplet

We present a 3° × 3°, 105-pointing, high-resolution neutral hydrogen (H i) mosaic of the M81 galaxy triplet, (including the main galaxies M81, M82, and NGC 3077, as well as dwarf galaxy NGC 2976) obtained with the Very Large Array C and D arrays. This H i synthesis mosaic uniformly covers the entire area and velocity range of the triplet. The observations have a resolution of ∼20″ or ∼420 pc. The data reveal many small-scale anomalous velocity features highlighting the complexity of the interacting M81 triplet. We compare our data with Green Bank Telescope observations of the same area. This comparison provides evidence for the presence of a substantial reservoir of low-column density gas in the northern part of the triplet, probably associated with M82. Such a reservoir is not found in the southern part. We report a number of newly discovered kpc-sized low-mass H i clouds with H i masses of a few times 106 M⊙. A detailed analysis of their velocity widths show that their dynamical masses are much larger than their baryonic masses, which could indicate the presence of dark matter if the clouds are rotationally supported. However, due to their spatial and kinematical association with H i tidal features, it is more likely that the velocity widths indicate tidal effects or streaming motions. We do not find any clouds that are not associated with tidal features down to an H i mass limit of a few times 104 M⊙. We compare the H i column densities with resolved stellar density maps and find a star formation threshold around 3–6 × 1020 cm−2. We investigate the widths of the H i velocity profiles in the triplet and find that extreme velocity dispersions can be explained by a superposition of multiple components along the line of sight near M81 as well as winds or outflows around M82. The velocity dispersions found are high enough that these processes could explain the linewidths of damped-Lyα absorbers observed at high redshift.
A body condition score (BCS) system in Murrah buffaloes.

A new body condition score (BCS) system was developed for Murrah buffaloes. The skeletal check points were identifi ed based on the anatomical features and carcass fat reserves. A new BCS chart with a 1-5 scale having 0.5 increments examining eight skeletal check points was developed. The ultrasonographic assessment of the precision of BCS system in 10 buffaloes for each point of the 1-5 scale indicated that BCS adequately refl ected the actual fat reserves. The infl uence of body condition score at calving (BCS) on the reproductive and productive performance studied in 24 (4 x 6 completely randomised design) and 40 (4 x 10 completely randomized design) buffaloes, respectively, revealed that buffaloes of BCSc group 3.5-3.99 showed the best performance among the four BCSc groups with earlier (P < 0.05) resumption of ovarian activity (29.33 days), a shorter (P < 0.01) postpartum an estrus period (46.66 days), a shorter (P < 0.05) service period (58.83 days), fewer services per conception (1.50), a higher rate of fi rst service conception (66.66%) with higher (P < 0.01) breeding effi ciency (90.64 percent). The milk production traits like total milk yield up to 18 weeks of lactation (1658.67 kg), 305 day predicted lactation yield (3187.3 kg), peak milk yield (16.5 kg), milk protein and solids not fat were also higher in BCSc of 3.5-3.99 followed by the BCSc groups of 4.0-4.49, 3.0-3.49 and 2.5-2.99.