Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food and Feeding Habits of the Red-Belly Tilapia (Tilapia zillii Gervais, 1848) (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Lake Ziway, Ethiopia

Food and feeding habits of T. zillii were studied from 572 fish samples collected from April to May 2011 (dry season) and July to August 2011 (wet season) from Lake Ziway. Stomach content analysis was conducted using frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods of analyses. Macrophytes, detritus and phytoplankton were the dominant food categories occurring in 94.9%, 94.2% and 82.5% of the total stomachs examined and constituting 45.2%, 29.4% and 16.8% of the total volume, respectively. The contributions of insets, nematodes, zooplankton and ostracods were relatively low. Macrophytes (50.4%), phytoplankton (21.8%) and detritus (18.5%) constituted the bulk of the food volume during the dry season. In the wet season detritus (40.8%), macrophytes (37.8%), phytoplankton (12.5%) and insects (6.5%) contributed the bulk of the food categories consumed. Phytoplankton, detritus and insects were important food categories of juveniles (5.0-9.9 cm TL) whereas macrophytes, detritus and phytoplankton were important food categories of adults. The importance of phytoplankton, detritus and insects declined with size of fish whereas the importance of macrophytes and nematodes increased with fish size. Based on the results of the stomach contents it was concluded that the species is an herbivorous feeding mainly on macrophytes, detritus and phytoplankton. The contribution of animal origin food was low.
An evolutionary perspective on marine faunal connections between southernmost South America and Antarctica

The origins of present day benthic marine faunas from both the Magellan and Antarctic provinces may lie as far back as the Early Cretaceous (approx. 130 Ma). This was the time of the first significant marine incursion across the Gondwana supercontinent and isolation of a high-latitude group of continents. It was also the probable time of formation of the temperate, Pacific-margin Weddellian Province, which extended from Patagonia, through Antarctica and New Zealand, to south-eastern Australia. Both palaeontological and phylogenetic evidence suggest that a number of living taxa (i.e. genera and families) from both provinces can be traced back to the Late Cretaceous-earliest Cenozoic interval. At this time there was no discernible gradient in taxonomic diversity from either southernmost South America or Australasia into Antarctica. The long, essentially temperate, Eocene epoch was followed by a period of major change during the ensuing Oligocene. At some time during this interval the Antarctic circum-polar current was fully formed and this led to a vicariant event between the Magellan and Antarctic faunas. However, it is important to stress that the intensification of circumpolar circulation also promoted at least some dispersal between various Subantarctic and Antarctic sites. In all probability, it was as late as the late Miocene (some 10-12 m.y. ago) before an intense pattern of thermal zonation (in both horizontal and vertical senses) was established in the world ocean. This may be the true time of full differentiation between the Magellan and Antarctic provinces. Although certain major groups, such as the bivalve molluscs and decapod crustaceans, have obviously declined within Antarctic regions through time, others, such as the bryozoans, echinoderms, amphipods and isopods appear to have flourished. The key to evolutionary success in cold polar waters may be not so much resistance to low temperatures, but the ability to exploit novel habitats and trophic regimes. Rates of speciation are not necessarily lower in cold, polar waters, or rates of extinction higher. The Antarctic fossil record suggests that there is no simple relationship between the onset of glaciation and the extinction of certain key bivalve and decapod groups.
Gender dynamics in smallholder vegetable production: insights from Tanzania

The presented study investigates gender dynamics in vegetable producer’s households as related to labor, income and expenditure allocation – as field that has not yet been sufficiently covered by research. It is conducted in cooperation wth the “Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation” (Africa RISING) project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and led by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). The study focuses on farmers in Babati, Kiteto and Kongwa districts in northern and central Tanzania. Quantitative data was collected during a survey with 403 male and female farmers in nine villages. Later on, we conducted focus group discussions with sex-separated farmer groups and expert interviews with male and female extension officers. Thus, we validated the quantitative data, investigated on underlying causes for gender inequalities and identified entry points for additional research and development interventions. The survey results show that men and women have different perceptions of labor, income and expenditure allocation within the households. Following this, the qualitative research revealed that both men and women keep information on their individual income confidential in order to strengthen their position in intra-household negotiations. Moreover, both complain about their partner’s lack of contribution to the household economy and production activities. Nevertheless, both qualitative and quantitative data indicate that men have higher income and are in power when it comes to moneyrelated decisions, while women remain economically dependent. Women explain their dependence with men’s control of access to land, financial capital, knowledge and markets. Men on the other hand named women’s physical limitations and poor money management skills as reasons that prevent them from progressing economically through vegetable farming. Both stated that domestic labor prevents women from getting more involved in farming activities. The analysis shows that distrust and low cooperation within the households constitute obstacles for food security, poverty alleviation and women empowerment. Therefore, we emphasize the necessity of including men in gendertransformative approaches in agricultural research and development.
Competing at the Frontier: The Changing Role of Technology Policy in Singapore's Economic Strategy

For an economy competing at the global frontier, an innovation-based growth strategy requires a well-developed technological infrastructure, a set of capabilities-focused technology policies, as well as an institutional environment that stimulates innovation and entrepreneurship. This paper examines the role played by science and technology policy in an economy's transition to an innovation-based growth strategy. We discuss the challenges governments face as they restructure economic institutions to deepen R&D capabilities and encourage technology creation. We review Singapore's experience in this regard and assess its on-going efforts to remake itself to compete at the global frontier.
Assessment of Radical Scavenging Activities and Antiproliferative Properties of Two Cinquefoil (Potentilla) species with Their Phytochemical Contents

Objective: Potentilla species have been used in traditional medicine for their antidiarrhoeal, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, wound healer, coagulant and anticancer activities. We investigated the radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities of P. recta and P. astracanica which grown widely in Turkey to provide scientific contribution towards their traditional usage as well as to find a new candidate for natural antioxidant product. Materials and Methods: Different extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of P. recta and P. astracanica. DPPH, SO2 •– and NO radicals scavenging assays conducted to assess antioxidant activity. Cytotoxic activity of extracts in Hep-2 cell line were tested by MTT method. In order to evaluate phytochemical content of the species; total phenolic, total flavonoid and total flavonol contents of the extracts were estimated. Results: All samples were tested at 50, 100 and 250µg/ml concentrations for DPPH, SO2 •– and NO radicals scavenging activities. All the extracts showed statistically significant radical scavenging activity dose-dependently. In general, P. recta was found to be more active than P. astracanica. According to the results, butanol extract of P. recta (2) exhibited very strong scavenging effect for SO2 •– radical. Butanol extract of P. astracanica (5) scavenged 56% of the NO radicals at 50µg/ml. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were determined at 10, 25, 50, 100 ug/ml concentrations and ethyl acetate extracts of both plants showed cytotoxic effect at 100µg/ ml. Conclusion: Potentilla species are good candidates to be promising possible sources for future novel antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical formulations. The strong scavenging activity partly explain the beneficial effects of Potentilla species for the treatment of degenerative diseases like cancer. Due to their active contents it seems that these plants are worth investigating for further studies. Key words: Potentilla, antioxidant, cytotoxicity
Relationship Quality and Relationship Satisfaction: an Application At Retail Banks in Brazil

In a study of the rapport between customers and retail banks, it has been validated the relationship of Satisfaction with Relationship Quality and Loyalty. It has been verified the influence of the bank service quality and the Relationship Perceived Benefits on the consumer satisfaction with these services, as well as a moderated but significant impact of the affective responses to it. The assigned components of the relationship quality have shown great influence with each other (Satisfaction on Trust and Commitment, Trust on Commitment). The commitment, herein suggested as the Attitudinal Loyalty dimension, has had the greatest influence on Loyalty (embedded dimension), followed by Trust and Satisfaction, whose main effect has been indirect on it.
The Relationship between Postgraduates' Academic Procrastination and Psychodynamic Variables

Academic procrastination refers to the tendency to procrastinate academic tasks, and the concomitant negative emotions. Based on questionnaire surveys of 305 postgraduate students, the study investigated the relationship between academic procrastination and three psychodynamic variables- achievement motivation, goal orientation and academic self-efficacy through path analyses. Main results included: (1) Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among the postgraduates, nearly 60% of them having the procrastination tendency, while almost all of them having the desire to reduce procrastination. The female postgraduates showed a higher level of academic procrastination than the male postgraduates. (2) Academic procrastination level is correlated with different dimensions of the three psychodynamic variables. (3) The psychodynamic variables contribute to academic procrastination level by three ways. First, achievement motivation, goal orientation, and academic self-efficacy directly contribute to academic procrastination negatively. Second, goal orientation and academic self-efficacy contribute to academic procrastination through achievement motivation. Third, goal orientation contributes to achievement motivation through academic self-efficacy, which then contributes to academic procrastination. Achievement motivation may act as a med iating factor. Implications for educators were discussed based on these findings. Index Terms - academic procrastination, achievement motivation, goal orientation, academic self-efficacy
Allelopathic potential and phytochemistry of cambarazinho (Vochysia haenkeana (Spreng.) Mart.) leaves in the germination and development of lettuce and tomato = Potencial alelopático e fitoquímica das folhas de cambarazinho na germinação e desenvolvimento

The interference of chemicals in the germination and growth of plant species, known as allelopathy, is one of the main ways of eliminating competition for resources through the release of allelochemicals. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of secondary metabolites in extracts prepared from leaves of Vochysia haenkeana , evaluating their allelopathic action on the germination and seedling growth of lettuce and tomato. The plant material was collected in the Taboco region, Mato Grosso do Sul state, and after drying and grinding, underwent extraction with the use of water and ethanol, concentration of 200.0 g L -1 . The method using an ultrasound bath was followed by maceration for 24 h in the refrigerator without the presence of light. The extracts were subjected to classical phytochemical analysis and the determination of pH, electrical conductivity, soluble solids and allelopathic tests. For bioassays, the extracts were diluted at concentrations of 25.0, 50.0, 100.0 and 150.0 g L -1 and the experimental design was completely randomized. There was a reduction in the percentage and speed of germination at concentrations of 25.0 and 50.0 g L -1 in both extracts. The seedling growth was also adversely affected, both in the germination chamber and in the greenhouse. These results are probably associated with the presence of different allelochemicals in the extracts, such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids, indicating that this species presented allelopathic action.
The effect of penetrating trunk trauma and mechanical ventilation on the recovery of adult survivors after hospital discharge

Objectives. To establish whether survivors of penetrating trunk trauma recover adequately and spontaneously following critical illness. Material and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted. Intubated and ventilated males and females with penetrating trunk trauma (SV group (mechanical ventilation (MV) <5 days, N =13), LV group (MV ≥5 days, N =29)) were recruited from four intensive care units. Dynamometry, lung function tests, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), oxygen uptake and quality of life (QOL), assessed with the short form-36 English UK version (SF-36) questionnaire, were recorded over a 6-month period following discharge. Results were compared with a healthy control group ( N =40). Results. In the LV group, 6MWD was reduced in comparison wit h controls at 1 ( p =0.00) and 3 months ( p =0.00) after discharge. Morbidity correlated with 6MWD at 3 ( p =0.03) and 6 months ( p =0.02), and there was a reduction in strength at 1, 3 and 6 months relative to the SV group and controls ( p =0.00 - 0.04). In addition, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay correlated with muscle strength at 1 and 3 months for these subjects. SF-36 physical health domains were significantly reduced for LV group subjects up to 6 months compared with the SV group and controls ( p =0.00 - 0.02). Conclusion. SV group subjects recovered adequately and spontaneously within 3 months of discharge. LV group subjects, however, had significant limitations in exercise capacity, muscle strength and physical components of QOL up to 6 months after discharge. Persistent impairment of function is related to duration of illness and immobility.
Standardization of Medium components and Process parameters for Biopigment Production using Rhodotorula glutinis

In the present investigation, studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of medium consitituents and process paramters to get maximum biopigment production using Rhodotorula glutinis MTCC 1151. Screening of different media components indicated that a medium containing glucose (6%, w/v), urea (0.05%) and magnesium sulphate (0.05%) displayed higher pigment production than others. The optimization of different process parameters indicated that maximum pigment production was observed at pH 6.0, temperature 30°C, after 72 hrs incubation period under submerged fermentation.
Alcohol Consumption in Individual Sports and Team Sports

The purpose of this study was to examine whether participants who regularly practiced individual or team sports were more likely to drink moderately than people who rarely practiced individual sports or team sports. It was also examined whether those who engaged in either individual or team sports and had good family support were more likely to drink alcohol in moderation than those who had little family support. Data from The Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis (ICRA) was used in this study. There were 1,859 participants, 883 boys and 966 girls, all born in the years 1994 to 1997. The results showed that those who practiced team sports rarely did consume alcohol more often than people who practiced team sports often. However, there was no significant difference in alcohol consumption between those who practiced individual sports often or rarely. The results also showed that those who often participated in team sports and had good family support consumed alcohol less than those who had less support from their families. Family support had no significant impact on the alcohol consumption of those who practiced individual sports.
Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engine- a Review of Future Power Plant for Automobile

Increasingly stringent emission and fuel economy standards have long remained a source of challenges for research in automobile engine technology development towards the more thermally efficient and less polluting engine. Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology has long been recognized as a method for improving the automobile engine performance, efficiency, fuel economy with reduced emission. The main feature of the VCR engine is to operate at different compression ratio, by changing the combustion chamber volume, depending on the vehicle performance needs. This paper takes review of all the geometric approaches and solutions used to achieve VCR with its unique features, considers the results of prior research and its corresponding commercial barriers.
Production and milk marketing strategies of small-scale dairy farmers in the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Milk production is a socio-economically relevant activity for many small-scale family farms in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to analyse their production and marketing strategies. A questionnaire was administered to 199 farm households in Rio Grande do Sul State to collect information on farm assets and activities, and particularly on the contribution of milk sale to farm income. Through categorical principal component analysis and two-step clustering, farmers were classified into three types: farmers selling only milk (M); farmers selling cash crops and milk (CM); farmers selling cash crops and surplus milk (Cm). Cattle herd (heads) and size of pasture land were larger on M farms (114 ±71.9; 51 ±49.4 ha) than on CM (31 ±13.4; 9 ±8.9 ha) and Cm (12 ±7.5; 5 ±8.1 ha) farms. Livestock husbandry contributed 71, 59 and 16 % to family income on M, CM and Cm farms, respectively. Daily milk production of the individual cow depended on the area cultivated with fodder maize (ha per cow; p ≤ 0.001), on sale of milk to cooperatives or to private companies ( p ≤ 0.01), on summer pasture area (ha per cow; p = 0.001) and on daily amount of concentrates offered (kg per cow; p ≤ 0.01). These results indicate that the area available for fodder cultivation is a key factor for milk production on small-scale dairy farms in southern Brazil, while concentrate feeding plays a less important role even for highly market-oriented farms. This must be accounted for when exploring options for strengthening the regional small-scale milk production, in which dairy cooperatives do play an important role.
Signing an e-petition as a transition from lurking to participation.

As one form of online political participation, the e-petitioning is seen as a response to a perceived decline in public trust of political institutions and the associated symptoms of political disengagement. This paper uses the psychological concepts of self-efficacy, prosocial behaviour and lurking and shows how they could be applied to e-participation, in particular in the context of the decision to sign a petition (or not). Different models are examined and some potential future research areas are identified.
Medicinal Plants in the Northwestern China and Their Medicinal Uses

The Northwestern China is a typical arid and semi-arid region of inner Asia, where some important medicinal species such as Angelica sinensis , Radix astragali , Radix codonopsis , Radix et rhizoma rhei , Radix glycyrrhizae , Lycium barbarum L are found and grew in the mountains areas, or desert areas. Among them, A. sinensis , R. astragali and R. glycyrrhi- zae are frequently used in traditional Chinese medicines and herbal prescriptions, thus encouraged many researchers to investigate and develop them. Our purpose is to provide a review of recent advances about three typical medicinal plants of A. sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus and R. glycyrrhizae in Northwestern China, mainly referring to botanical identity, chemical constituents, pharmacological studies, application in formulation, safety and cultivation practices. That will provide some valuable information for the fur- ther study and development of medicinal plants in Northwestern China. review of the fields of botanical identity, chemical constituents, pharmacological studies, application in formulation, safety and
Extraordinary weight gain: initial finding in a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy

Abstract Extraordinary weight gain may be an initial finding in some patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). This case highlights the need for studies of the relationship between degrees of antenatal weight gain and risk of PPCM. A 33-year-old woman exhibited weight gain of 1.0 kg/week (38.5–60.6 kg) between gestational weeks (GW) 12+2 and 33+2 at which dyspnea appeared. Her body weight further increased to 69.1 kg at GW 34+2 at which echocardiography revealed left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction=27%, fractional shortening=4.0%). She then lost 24 kg in body weight by 4 weeks postpartum.
Variação temporal do intervalo hídrico ótimo de um latossolo vermelho distroférrico sob sistemas de plantio direto

O plantio direto e eficiente no controle das perdas de solo e agua, mas o trafego de maquinas e a ausencia de revolvimento podem induzir a compactacao superficial dos solos de textura argilosa. O intervalo hidrico otimo (IHO) traduz os efeitos de sistemas de manejo na melhoria ou na degradacao da qualidade fisica do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar o IHO para discriminar os efeitos de sistemas de manejo em plantio direto na qualidade fisica do solo. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: plantio direto com sucessao de culturas, plantio direto com rotacao de culturas e plantio direto com rotacao de culturas e escarificacao do solo. Em duas epocas distintas - em outubro de 2002, apos a cultura de inverno (trigo), e em abril de 2003, apos a cultura de verao (soja) - foram retiradas 44 amostras indeformadas em cada tratamento. Essas amostras foram utilizadas para determinar a curva de retencao de agua, a curva de resistencia do solo a penetracao, a densidade do solo, o IHO e a densidade critica do solo. A resistencia do solo a penetracao determinou o limite inferior do IHO em todos os tratamentos e reduziu os seus valores com o aumento da densidade do solo. A densidade critica do solo nao dependeu do sistema de manejo em plantio direto. A variacao temporal do IHO nos tratamentos foi dependente da variacao da densidade do solo. No plantio direto com rotacao, a maior retencao de agua em elevados potenciais proporcionou, temporalmente, maiores valores do IHO.