Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of drying methods on Thai dried chilli's hotness and pungent odour characteristics and consumer liking.

Dried chilli is widely used for its hotness and pungent odour enhancing properties. In an attempt to get a broad overview of drying effects on hotness and pungent odour characteristics contributing to dominant features of various types of Thai dried chilli, major volatile flavour compounds responsible for perceived hotness and pungent odour of the dried chilli-(freeze(FD), hot air (HD) and sun (SD) dried samples) were identified by trained panel (n=15) in conjunction with HS-SPME/GC-MS and LLE/GC-MS. Consumer liking of the three dried chilli was assessed on the basis of pungent odour and hotness characteristics by Thai consumers (n=120) using 9 point–category hedonic scale. The GC-MS and trained panel data were analyzed by PLS and results show that capsaicin was the main compound responsible for the oral hotness sensation, while 1-penten-3-one compound was found to be an indicator of strong pungent odour. The FD sample presented the highest intensity of hotness characteristic(p≤0.05). The content of 1-penten-3-one in FD was also higher than that of HD and SD. Although trained panellists could not differentiate between the intensities of pungent odour of FD and HD (p>0.05), consumers had a tendency to prefer HD. This research proposes that there is substantial value to analysis such as this that integrates human sensorial perception with objective measurement. The outputs of this research can be used to provide guidance on dried chilli product development based on consumer acceptance criteria.
Ocean Tide and Waves Beneath the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

The ocean tide in the southern Ross Sea is principally diurnal. The tropic tide range (double amplitude) is between 1 and 2 meters, depending on the location, and is closely related to the local water-layer thickness. The range of the tropic tide is more than three times the range of the equatorial tide. Cotidal and coamplitude charts were made for the largest diurnal constituents, K1 and O1 and a provisional cotidal map was made for the semidiurnal constituent M2. The amplitudes of the diurnal tide constituents are larger in the Ross Sea than in the adjacent southern Pacific Ocean, indicating the existence of a diurnal resonance related to the shape and depth of the sea. Waves related to ocean swell propagate into the ice-covered region from the northern Ross Sea. These waves have amplitudes near 1 centimeter, and periods in the range 1 to 15 minutes. The speed at which these waves travel is successfully predicted by flexural wave theory.
Divalent cation permeability and blockade of Ca2+‐permeant non‐selective cation channels in rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells

1 The effects of the divalent cations Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ni2+ on unitary Na+ currents through receptor‐regulated non‐selective cation channels were studied in inside‐out and cell‐attached patches from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells. 2 External Ca2+ caused a concentration‐dependent and voltage‐independent inhibition of inward Na+ current, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.4 mm. The channel was also Ca2+ permeant and external Ca2+ shifted the reversal potential as expected for a channel exhibiting a constant Ca2+:Na+ permeability ratio near to 4. 3 External and internal 2 mm Mg2+ caused voltage‐dependent inhibition of inward and outward Na+ current, respectively. Modelling Mg2+ as an impermeant fast open channel blocker indicated that external Mg2+ blocked the pore at a single site exhibiting a zero voltage Kd of 5.1 mm for Mg2+ and located 19% of the distance through the transmembrane electric field from the external surface. Internal Mg2+ blocked the pore at a second site exhibiting a Kd of 1.7 mm for Mg2+ and located 36% of the distance through the transmembrane electric field from the cytosolic surface. 4 External Ni2+ caused a voltage‐ and concentration‐dependent slow blockade of inward Na+ current. Modelling Ni2+ as an impermeant slow open channel blocker indicated that Ni2+ blocked the pore at a single site exhibiting a Kd of 1.09 mm for Ni2+ and located 13.7% of the distance through the transmembrane electric field from the external surface. 5 External 2 mm Mg2+ increased the Kd for external Ni2+ binding to 1.27 mm, consistent with competition for a single binding site. Changing ionic strength did not substantially affect Ni2+ blockade indicating the absence of surface potential under physiological ionic conditions. 6 It is concluded that at least two divalent cation binding sites, separated by a high free energy barrier (the selectivity filter), are located in the pore and contribute to Ca2+ selectivity and permeability of the channel.
The Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Physical Activity During Adolescence and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors at Adult Age. The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and physical fitness during adolescence (between 13 and 16 years of age) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at adult age (32 years). The following CVD risk factors were considered: lipoprotein levels (total serum cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), the TC:HDL ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and indicators for body fatness and body fat distribution (sum of four skinfolds, waist to hip ratio, waist circumference). The data were derived from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study, an observational longitudinal study in which eight repeated measurements were carried out over a period of 20 years. Physical fitness (measured by maximal oxygen uptake per kg bodyweight and by maximal slope reached on a treadmill test) during adolescence was related to a healthy CVD risk profile at the age of 32 years (i. e. inversely to the sum of four skinfolds, waist circumference and to total serum cholesterol). Physical activity during adolescence was not related to a healthy CVD risk profile at the age of 32 years.
Mild traumatic brain injury alters pneumonia-induced coagulopathy in mice

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death among trauma patients and is associated with a high rate of mortality due to complications such as bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, and subsequent coagulopathies. While severe TBI is positively associated with the development of pneumonia, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) results in a paradoxical decrease in mortality following bacterial pneumonia via an unidentified mechanism. New evidence suggests that mTBI stimulates vagus nerve signaling resulting in an anti-inflammatory state that is mediated by neurotransmitters (NT) such as acetylcholine (ACh) and substance P (Sub P). This anti-inflammatory state induced by mTBI has been correlated with an increased resistance to pneumonia (PNA) in mice and has been shown to be mediated in part by increased bacterial clearance in the lungs via enhanced neutrophil recruitment. However, it has not been investigated whether this reduced mortality is due to alterations in the coagulation system and if they have any effect on either the severity or occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a common sequelae of pneumonia-induced sepsis. Our study investigates whether mTBI prior to pneumonia challenge in mice impacts the onset or severity of DIC. We assess and define DIC in our mouse models by
Biological Activities of Bellis perennis Volatiles and Extracts

Different parts of Bellis perennis were subjected to hydrodistillation and the products were subsequently analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Aqueous and methanol extracts were prepared from the aerial parts. Antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing activity, total antioxidant] and antimicrobial activity of the plant materials were studied. The aqueous extracts showed higher DPPH scavenging activity (85.8% at 102.5 μg/mL) than the methanol extract. Reducing power was also observed for both tested extracts, where the formation of linoleic acid peroxides was more for the aqueous extract than the methanol extract. Antimicrobial activities of all plant materials were evaluated at varying concentrations against a panel of pathogens, but without pronounced inhibitory effect.
Electrochemistry of deferiprone as an orally active iron chelator and HIV-1 replication inhibitor and its determination

O comportamento eletroquimico da deferiprona, droga anti-talassemica e anti-replicacao do HIV foi investigado, por voltametria ciclica (VC), utilizando um eletrodo de platina. Observaram-se dois picos anodicos irreversiveis para a deferiprona, em tampao acetato (pH 4,0) com E01 = 875 mV e E02 = 1235 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) em velocidade de varredura de 50 mV s-1. Os estudos de voltametria ciclica indicaram que o processo de oxidacao e irreversivel e controlado por difusao. Foram encontrados, para a deferiprona, coeficientes de difusao e de transferencia de eletrons de 3,50 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 e 0,57, respectivamente. Foi desenvolvido um procedimento sensivel, simples e rapido, utilizando voltametria de pulso diferencial. Utilizando este metodo, a deferiprona pode ser determinada com um limite de deteccao de 1,43 × 10-5 mol L-1. E descrita a aplicabilidade do metodo em ensaios diretos em soro humano enriquecido, fluidos urinarios e em comprimidos comerciais.
Time‐resolved microscopy for imaging lanthanide luminescence in living cells

Time‐resolved luminescence (TRL) microscopy can image signals from lanthanide coordination complexes or other probes with long emission lifetimes, thereby eliminating short‐lifetime (<100 ns) autofluorescence background from biological specimens. However, lanthanide complexes emit far fewer photons per unit time than conventional fluorescent probes, making it difficult to rapidly acquire high quality images at probe concentrations that are relevant to live cell experiments. This article describes the development and characterization of a TRL microscope that employs a light‐emitting diode (LED, λem = 365 nm) for pulsed epi‐illumination and an intensified charge‐coupled device (ICCD) camera for gated, widefield detection. Europium chelate‐impregnated microspheres were used to evaluate instrument performance in terms of short‐lifetime fluorescence background rejection, photon collection efficiency, image contrast, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). About 200 nm microspheres were imaged within the time resolution limit of the ICCD (66.7 ms) with complete autofluorescence suppression. About 40 nm microspheres containing ∼400 chelate molecules were detected within ∼1‐s acquisition times. A luminescent terbium complex, Lumi4‐Tb®, was introduced into the cytoplasm of cultured cells at an estimated concentration of 300 nM by the method of osmotic lysis of pinocytic vesicles. Time‐resolved images of the living, terbium complex‐loaded cells were acquired within acquisition times as short as 333 ms, and the effects of increased exposure time and frame summing on image contrast and SNR were evaluated. The performance analyses show that TRL microscopy is sufficiently sensitive and precise to allow high‐resolution, quantitative imaging of lanthanide luminescence in living cells under physiologically relevant experimental conditions. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Effects of parecoxib on patients ' perception of analgesia and blood loss following open prostatectomy : a multicentre randomized trial

1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45144 Essen, Germany 2 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Henricistrasse 92, 45136 Essen, Germany 3 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Breast cancer genetics: Unsolved questions and open perspectives in an expanding clinical practice

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the United Kingdom, with a lifetime risk of one in nine in women. Only 5–10% of all cancers is thought to be due to strongly penetrant inherited predisposing genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, other less penetrant genes, including some autosomal recessive genes, are likely to be of etiological importance in other families. This review addresses the current knowledge of breast cancer susceptibility genes and explores the possibilities for future developments. Features of tumor pathology, prognosis, and the scope for targeted treatments in mutation carriers are discussed, and the management of known carriers and those at increased risk for developing breast cancer are evaluated. Genetic testing for cancer susceptibility may become widely available in the future, and has important ethical and management implications. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular determinants of allosteric modulation at the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

Background: BQCA is a selective allosteric modulator of the M 1 mAChR. Results: Residues that govern BQCA activity were identified using mutagenesis and molecular modeling. Conclusion: BQCA likely occupies a pocket overlapping prototypical mAChR modulators and gains selectivity through cooperativity with orthosteric ligands. Significance: Understanding the structural basis of BQCA function can provide insight into the design of more tailored allosteric ligands.
Positive stabilizability of a linear continuous-time system

Positive stabilizability of a continuous-time linear system x = Ax+ Bu means that for all initial conditions there exists a positive L 2 -input function resulting in an L 2 -state trajectory. In this paper, easily verifiable necessary and sufficient conditions for positive stabilizability are presented. Moreover, attention will be paid to a feedback variant of this stabilization problem.
Early lung absorption profile of non-CFC salbutamol via small and large volume plastic spacer devices.

AIMS To evaluate the lung dose of a non-CFC salbutamol metered dose inhaler (MDI) formulation via three commonly used plastic spacer devices, of both large and small volume, compared with the MDI used on its own. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers were studied in a randomized single (investigator) blind crossover design. Single 1200 microg nominal doses of salbutamol from a non-CFC MDI (Airomir), as 12 sequential 100 microg puffs over 6 min, were delivered from the MDI alone and via two large volume spacer devices (Nebuhaler, Volumatic), and a small volume spacer (Aerochamber). All spacers were prewashed prior to each study day and mouth rinsing was performed after each drug sequence. Plasma salbutamol was measured at 5, 10, 15 and 20 min, with calculation of maximum (Cmax) and average (Cav) concentrations. This lung dose was assessed using the early lung absorption profile of salbutamol in the first 20 min after inhalation. RESULTS Both of the large volume spacers, the Nebuhaler and the Volumatic, delivered significantly more salbutamol than the MDI alone. For Cav this amounted to a 2.07-fold difference (95% CI 1.48-2.90) between Nebuhaler vs MDI, and a 1.49-fold difference (95%CI 1.19-1.87) between Volumatic vs MDI. The Nebuhaler also produced greater deposition than either the Volumatic or the Aerochamber spacers; Nebuhaler vs Volumatic: 1.39-fold difference (95% CI 1.09-1.76), Nebuhaler vs Aerochamber: 1.63-fold difference (95% CI 1.20-2.21). There were no significant differences between the Aerochamber and the MDI alone. CONCLUSIONS Using the early lung absorption profile, for administration of the same nominal dose, both of the large volume spacers (Nebuhaler and Volumatic) but not the small volume spacer (Aerochamber) delivered significantly more salbutamol than the MDI alone. The Nebuhaler also produced greater delivery than either the Volumatic or the Aerochamber spacer devices. Our results show that whilst lung delivery of non-CFC salbutamol MDI is improved by the use of a plastic spacer, there may be appreciable differences in performance, particularly between large and small volume devices.
Do Common Systems Control Eye Movements and Motion Extrapolation?

People are able to judge the current position of occluded moving objects. This operation is known as motion extrapolation. It has previously been suggested that motion extrapolation is independent of the oculomotor system. Here we revisited this question by measuring eye position while participants completed two types of motion extrapolation task. In one task, a moving visual target travelled rightwards, disappeared, then reappeared further along its trajectory. Participants discriminated correct reappearance times from incorrect (too early or too late) with a two-alternative forced-choice button press. In the second task, the target travelled rightwards behind a visible, rectangular occluder, and participants pressed a button at the time when they judged it should reappear. In both tasks, performance was significantly different under fixation as compared to free eye movement conditions. When eye movements were permitted, eye movements during occlusion were related to participants' judgements. Finally, even when participants were required to fixate, small changes in eye position around fixation (<2°) were influenced by occluded target motion. These results all indicate that overlapping systems control eye movements and judgements on motion extrapolation tasks. This has implications for understanding the mechanism underlying motion extrapolation.
Significant Quantum Effects in Hydrogen Activation

Dissociation of molecular hydrogen is an important step in a wide variety of chemical, biological, and physical processes. Due to the light mass of hydrogen, it is recognized that quantum effects are often important to its reactivity. However, understanding how quantum effects impact the reactivity of hydrogen is still in its infancy. Here, we examine this issue using a well-defined Pd/Cu(111) alloy that allows the activation of hydrogen and deuterium molecules to be examined at individual Pd atom surface sites over a wide range of temperatures. Experiments comparing the uptake of hydrogen and deuterium as a function of temperature reveal completely different behavior of the two species. The rate of hydrogen activation increases at lower sample temperature, whereas deuterium activation slows as the temperature is lowered. Density functional theory simulations in which quantum nuclear effects are accounted for reveal that tunneling through the dissociation barrier is prevalent for H2 up to ∼190 K and for D2 up to ∼140 K. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the effective barrier to H2 dissociation is so low that hydrogen uptake on the surface is limited merely by thermodynamics, whereas the D2 dissociation process is controlled by kinetics. These data illustrate the complexity and inherent quantum nature of this ubiquitous and seemingly simple chemical process. Examining these effects in other systems with a similar range of approaches may uncover temperature regimes where quantum effects can be harnessed, yielding greater control of bond-breaking processes at surfaces and uncovering useful chemistries such as selective bond activation or isotope separation.
Effect of ingesting cranberry juice on bacterial growth in urine.

Cranberry juice has been shown to have a significant effect in preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a number of clinical trials. [1][1]–[5][2] This property of cranberry juice has been attributed to an ability to inhibit bacterial adherence to cells[6][3],[7][4] and possibly its urine
Minimal Vectors in Linear Codes

Minimal vectors in linear codes arise in numerous applications, particularly, in constructing decoding algorithms and studying linear secret sharing schemes. However, properties and structure of minimal vectors have been largely unknown. We prove basic properties of minimal vectors in general linear codes. Then we characterize minimal vectors of a given weight and compute their number in several classes of codes, including the Hamming codes and second-order Reed-Muller codes. Further, we extend the concept of minimal vectors to codes over rings and compute them for several examples. Turning to applications, we introduce a general gradient-like decoding algorithm of which minimal-vectors decoding is an example. The complexity of minimal-vectors decoding for long codes is determined by the size of the set of minimal vectors. Therefore, we compute this size for long randomly chosen codes. Another example of algorithms in this class is given by zero-neighbors decoding. We discuss relations between the two decoding methods. In particular, we show that for even codes the set of zero neighbors is strictly optimal in this class of algorithms. This also implies that general asymptotic improvements of the zero-neighbors algorithm in the frame of gradient-like approach are impossible. We also discuss a link to secret-sharing schemes.
Oral lichen planus and dental implants--a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES To examine whether oral lichen planus (OLP) affects the success rate of dental implants and if the manifestations of OLP are altered by implant-borne prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS OLP patients, treated in the oral medicine department, with (the study group) and without (control group) dental implants were included. Pocket depth, mobility, bleeding on probing, erythema, pain and radiolucency around the implants, as well as clinical findings and OLP symptoms were recorded. Follow-up ranged from 12-24 months. Ordinal variables and visual analog scale score were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. The significance of the trend within each of the groups was assed using the Friedman test. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Fourteen patients in the study group with 1-15 implants per patient and 15 in the control group were included. No implant failures were recorded. Comparison between the clinical manifestations of OLP in both groups did not reveal any significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Success of implant rehabilitation among treated OLP patients does not seem to be different from the success rate in the general population. Nor does implant placement influence the disease manifestations.
HIV mono-infection is associated with FIB-4 - A noninvasive index of liver fibrosis - in women.

BACKGROUND FIB-4 represents a noninvasive, composite index that is a validated measure of hepatic fibrosis, which is an important indicator of liver disease. To date, there are limited data regarding hepatic fibrosis in women. METHODS FIB-4 was evaluated in a cohort of 1227 women, and associations were evaluated in univariate and multivariate regression models among 4 groups of subjects classified by their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection status. RESULTS The median FIB-4 scores were 0.60 in HIV-/HCV- women, 0.83 in HIV-/HCV+ women, 0.86 in HIV+/HCV- women, and 1.30 in HIV+/HCV+ women. In the HIV/HCV co-infected group, multivariate analysis showed that CD4(+) cell count and albumin level were negatively associated with FIB-4 (P <.0001), whereas antiretroviral therapy (ART) was positively associated with FIB-4 score (P =.0008). For the HIV mono-infected group, multivariate analysis showed that CD4(+) cell count (P <.0001) and albumin level (P =.0019) were negatively correlated with FIB-4 score, ART was positively associated with FIB-4 score (P =.0008), and plasma HIV RNA level was marginally associated with FIB-4 score (P =.080). In 72 HIV mono-infected women who were also hepatitis B surface antigen negative, ART naive, and reported no recent alcohol intake, plasma HIV RNA level was associated with increased FIB-4 score (P =.030). CONCLUSIONS HIV RNA level was associated with increased FIB-4 score in the absence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, ART, or alcohol use, suggesting a potential relationship between HIV infection and hepatic fibrosis in vivo. A better understanding of the various demographic and virologic variables that contribute to hepatic fibrosis may lead to more effective treatment of HIV infection and its co-morbid conditions.