Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using internship placements to road test threshold learning outcomes for environment and sustainability

In 2015 the threshold learning outcomes (TLOs) for Australian bachelor degree graduates in the discipline of Environment and Sustainability were released. This study road tested the Environment and Sustainability TLOs in the workplace via environmental science students’ internship placement. The study, which incorporated surveys of host-supervisors, students and teaching staff, was conducted over four years. The surveys enabled comparisons between the performance expected of a new graduate by employers with the level of performance students achieved while on placement. Overall, hosts expect new graduates to be ‘Capable’ performers (2.8 on a 5 point scale). Host-supervisors also rated the overall performance of interns as ‘Capable’ (3.4/5). Expected performance of a new graduate for individual TLOs was compared with the performance of interns. Students exceeded the expectations of host-supervisors for all TLOs. In contrast, teaching staff rated the performance of students lower than students themselves and host-supervisors. Fundamental differences in the way students are assessed in the workplace and the classroom may account for the difference in perceived student performance. The results of the surveys can be used as evidence that the degree is meeting the needs of industry and for graduates to undertake professional work in the Environment and Sustainability discipline. The methodology has the potential to be used in any discipline that has published TLOs. The authors recommend that the Australian Qualifications Framework is reviewed and a rubric that describes student behaviour is used rather than vague terms such as ‘well developed’.
Station Level Gasoline Demand in an Australian Market with Regular Price Cycles

Regular and frequent gasoline price cycles are being observed in many Australian and Canadian markets. What is driving these price cycles has been the subject of academic studies and government investigations. The existing explanations for these price cycles all rely on the presumption that drivers are intensively sensitive to gasoline price differentials at the station level. However, no empirical evidence exists in the literature to support this presumption. This paper provides the first piece of empirical evidence. This paper uses a unique price and quantity data set and novel instruments to estimate the station level gasoline demand in the cycling market of Perth, Australia. The elasticity estimates confirm that drivers in the Perth area are indeed very sensitive to gasoline price differentials.
Financial Market Integration, Arbitrage and Interest Rate Parity in the Caribbean

The study utilizes the framework of uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) to examine whether the liberalization of the capital market in a select group of Caribbean countries has led to the increased integration of their money markets, as well as increased integration with the US money market. The paper also investigates the arbitrage opportunities that exist between the three regional money markets and that of the US. The results indicate that UIP does not hold between the regional economies and the US. Moreover, among the three territories, significant arbitrage opportunities were found to exist with respect to short-term investment opportunities in Jamaica for investors in Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. The high correlation of returns in the short end of the money markets, however, militates against the optimal diversification of risks regionally. Introduction One of the most important aspects of the new policy regime in the Caribbean has been the liberalization of the financial market. Indeed, a number of countries have liberalized their capital accounts and adopted flexible exchange rate regimes. Theoretically, rational investors in open financial systems should exploit arbitrage opportunities created by differential rates of return on similar assets in different jurisdictions and this could lead to a tendency for rates on equivalent assets to converge. An interesting research area concerns the extent to which interest rates on similar assets across jurisdictions have converged, particularly following the formation of the Caribbean Single Market Economy. Arbitrage between markets is critical to bringing about convergence of rates, and accelerating the integration of the financial markets. However, if arbitrage fails to occur, then this raises some interesting issues. For example, if arbitrage is not occurring, is it because of transactions costs or is it because the exchange rate risk premium is too large? Is it because agents in these markets are too risk-averse to exploit these arbitrage opportunities? How do expectations about future exchange rate movement form in these jurisdictions? These questions raise important issues of relevance to policy makers in the region. In particular, depending on the answers to these questions, they have implications for the ability of the domestic authorities to tax financial activity and the ability of the monetary authorities to conduct independent monetary policy. These 1 This of course assumes that equivalent financial assets in different countries are close substitutes and the major differences relate to the interest rate and currency denomination. It also assumes that there are no significant transactions costs and capital controls.
Dispersion for non-linear relativistic equations. II

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Unraveling the Spectral Energy Distributions of Clustered YSOs

Despite significant evidence suggesting that intermediate- and high-mass stars form in clustered environments, how stars form when the available resources are shared is still not well understood. A related question is whether the initial mass function (IMF) is in fact universal across galactic environments, or whether it is an average of IMFs that differ, for example, in massive versus low-mass molecular clouds. One of the long-standing problems in resolving these questions and in the study of young clusters is observational: how to accurately combine multiwavelength data sets obtained using telescopes with different spatial resolutions. The resulting confusion hinders our ability to fully characterize clustered star formation. Here we present a new method that uses Bayesian inference to fit the blended spectral energy distributions and images of individual young stellar objects (YSOs) in confused clusters. We apply this method to the infrared photometry of a sample comprising 70 Spitzer-selected, low-mass (Mcl < 100 M⊙) young clusters in the galactic plane, and we use the derived physical parameters to investigate how the distribution of YSO masses within each cluster relates to the total mass of the cluster. We find that for low-mass clusters this distribution is indistinguishable from a randomly sampled Kroupa IMF for this range of cluster masses. Therefore, any effects of self-regulated star formation that affect the IMF sampling are likely to play a role only at larger cluster masses. Our results are also compatible with smoothed particle hydrodynamics models that predict a dynamical termination of the accretion in protostars, with massive stars undergoing this stopping at later times in their evolution.
'Plumerias the Color of Roseate Spoonbills' - Continuity and transition in the symbolism of Plumeria L. in Mesoamerica

This study explores the complex symbolism which the genus Plumeria L. engendered from around the beginning of the common era to the present time in Mesoamerica. In much of this cultural area an intense interest in sensory pleasures can be traced to great antiquity, and, consequently, flowers became a central metaphor in the Mesoamerican cosmological discourse. In the Maya pantheon, plumeria was associated with deities representing life force and fertility and therefore plumeria flowers became strongly connected with a wide range of expressions of female sexuality. Among Nahuatl speaking people of central Mexico, especially during the height of the Aztec empire, the most prominent association of plumeria was to signify elite status, with plumeria trees planted in the gardens of the nobility, the blooms exchanged at feasts, or the stylized image of plumeria flowers inscribed on ceramics and codices. This high appreciation for plumerias was also reflected in the number of different varieties that were distinguished by name. Ethnomedical applications, especially of the lactiferous sap of plumeria, show continuity from pre-conquest times to the present. In the context of the hybridized religious systems that developed in response to the introduction of Christianity across Mesoamerica, plumerias developed new meanings, e.g., as elaborate decorations for the worship of the Virgin Mary. When in the sixteenth century plumeria was dispersed beyond the Americas into Southeast Asia, likely through Spanish hands and by way of the Philippines, it gained a wide-spread association with grave yards as a plant promoting contact with the deceased.
EFFECT OF STRATEGIC CHANGE ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: A CASE OF AIRTEL KENYA

This research study aimed at investigating the effect of strategic change on employee job satisfaction at Airtel Kenya Limited. Theoretical and empirical studies were reviewed to assess the effect strategic change on employee satisfaction. The study adopted descriptive research survey; a sample size of 196 employees were taken for the research study, representing that range between 10% and 20% in an adequate sample in a descriptive study. Statistical sampling formulas were used to derive to an adequate sample size, with the statistical assumption that the selection of individuals was random and unbiased of an entire population of 400. Data for the study was collected primarily through semi-structured questionnaire. The study adopted descriptive statistics analytical techniques to analyse the variables, using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS). Statistical instrument that was used for the research analysis was mainly inferential statistics, specifically correlation matrix and multiple regression analysis. The researcher was to employ the survey strategy for the study. This strategy was proposed because it allowed the collection of a large amount of data from a sizable population in an economical manner. The study employed descriptive statistics method for presenting and summarizing bio-data. Findings were reported in the form of tables and figures and appropriate recommendations given. The findings indicated that strategic change is closely associated with organization performance outcomes and therefore to experience job satisfaction the firm need to ensure proper implementation of strategic change in order to reduce employee turnover, increase productivity, profits and growth. This study was important for further research in this area particularly in Kenya, the findings emphasized the effect of strategic change on job satisfaction which there was little research conducted. Further research would necessitate the need to assess how firm implementation of new strategies impacts job satisfaction. Comparative studies needed to be done to ascertain the degree to which firms in any given industry strategic change affected their performance. Key Words: Technological Change, Structural Change, Human Resource Policy, Leadership Change, Job Satisfaction
Galactic wind X-ray heating of the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization

The diffuse soft X-ray emissivity from galactic winds is computed during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We consider two analytic models, a pressure-driven wind and a superbubble model, and a 3D cosmological simulation including gas dynamics from the First Billion Years (FiBY) project. The analytic models are normalized to match the diffuse X-ray emissivity of star-forming galaxies in the nearby Universe. The cosmological simulation uses physically motivated star formation and wind prescriptions, and includes radiative transfer corrections. The models and the simulation all are found to produce sufficient heating of the Intergalactic Medium to be detectable by current and planned radio facilities through 21 cm measurements during the EoR. While the analytic models predict a 21 cm emission signal relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background sets in by $z_{\rm trans} \simeq 8 - 10$, the predicted signal in the FiBY simulation remains in absorption until reionization completes. The 21 cm absorption differential brightness temperature reaches a minimum of $\Delta T \simeq -130$ to $-200$ mK, depending on model. Allowing for additional heat from high mass X-ray binaries pushes the transition to emission to $z_{\rm trans} \simeq 10 - 12$, with shallower absorption signatures having a minimum of $\Delta T \simeq -110$ to $-140$ mK. The 21 cm signal may be a means of distinguishing between the wind models, with the superbubble model favouring earlier reheating. While an early transition to emission may indicate X-ray binaries dominate the reheating, a transition to emission as early as $z_{\rm trans} > 12$ would suggest the presence of additional heat sources.
The Study of Tree Species Diversity in Dry Forest of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

We examined structure, diversity and importance value index (IVI) of tree species in dry forests of Binafun, Bonmuti, Letkole and Oelbanu, Mutis Timau Conservation Forest Management Unit, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. To obtain data on the composition and diversity of vegetation carried out through the analysis of tree species using sampling plots in a rectangular shape, with a size of 100 m x 100 m at 100 m intervals. Results of tree species list showed that there were 94 species belong to 45 families and 72 genera. Tree species richness ranged from 1.81 to 10.06, tree density about 166 individual/ha-545 individuals/ha and basal area ranged from 5.78 m/ha to 27.79 m/ha. Eucalyptus urophylla was the most abundant tree in the research sites (except Letkole) and well distributed. Species richness, density, Shannon Wiener index and basal area are important factors in determining the tree species diversity in research sites. The results in this research should be useful to the dry forest management and conservation managers and researchers.
Assessing the Effects of Recent Immigration on Serious Property Crime in Austin, Texas

In this article the authors examine the impact of recent immigration on rates of serious property crime across communities in Austin, Texas. The greater Austin foreign-born population has increased by more than 580 percent since 1980, and Austin is considered a “preemerging” immigrant gateway city to the United States. The changing population dynamics in Austin provide an excellent opportunity to study the effect of recent immigration on crime in a target destination for recent immigrants. Although interest in the relationship between violent crime and immigration to new locales is evidenced by recent studies that show less favorable outcomes for Latinos in new destinations, little attention has been directed to the relationship of recent immigration with serious property crime in new destinations. Negative binomial regression models with corrections for spatial autocorrelation indicate that recent immigration is not associated with an increased rate of burglary, larceny, or motor vehicle theft once important structural predictors of crime are controlled for.
Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosol Vertical Distributions above Svalbard, Norway using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol vertical distributions were measured above Svalbard, Norway, in April 2011 during the Cooperative Investigation of Climate-Cryosphere Interactions campaign (CICCI). Measurements were made of the particle number concentration and the aerosol light absorption coefficient at three wavelengths. A filter sample was collected on each flight at the altitude of maximum particle number concentration. The filters were analyzed for major anions and cations. The aerosol payload was flown in a NOAA/PMEL MANTA Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). A total of 18 flights were flown during the campaign totaling 38 flight hours. The data show frequent aerosol layers aloft with high particle number concentration (1000 cm−3) and enhanced aerosol light absorption (1 Mm−1). Air mass histories of these aerosol layers were assessed using FLEXPART particle dispersion modeling. The data contribute to an assessment of sources of BC to the Arctic and potential climate impacts.
Combustion completeness in a rainforest clearing experiment in Manaus, Brazil

Results are described for a forest clearing experiment conducted in the forest reserve of the Tropical Silviculture Experimental Station of the National Institute for Research in the Amazon (INPA), located 60 km from Manaus, the capital of the Brazilian state of Amazonas. An area of 1 ha of virgin forest was cut in July 1995 and left to dry until October of the same year. It was burnt using a procedure similar to that followed by native people in the region to prepare the land for cultivation. The fresh biomass content in the test location, 684.8 t ha−1, was determined using a formula with parameters from forest inventory. The dry biomass content was 401.5 t ha−1. Combustion completeness, 20.5 %, was estimated by selecting ten 2 × 2 m2 subareas, 20 trunks with diameter at breast height (DBH) between 10 and 30 cm, and 71 trunks with DBH higher than 30 cm. Their consumption rates by fire were measured. The 2 × 2 m2 areas were used to determine the combustion completeness of smaller plant components (characteristic diameters lower than 10 cm) and the trunks to determine the efficiency of the medium and large components (characteristic diameters between 10 and 30 cm and larger than 30 cm, respectively). Combustion completeness for small, medium and large components were 88.2%, 4.39%, and 0.43%, respectively. On the basis of the biomass content (684.4 t ha−1), the average biomass moisture and carbon contents (41.6% and 47.8%, respectively, the latter on dry basis), and the obtained combustion completeness (20.5%), the average carbon, CO2 and CO mass rates released to the atmosphere were estimated to be 37.7, 121, and 8.6 t ha−1, respectively.
Inflation Differentials in the Euro Area and Their Determinants - An Empirical View

In this paper, we present evidence on the statistical features of observed dispersion in HICP inflation rates in the Euro area. Our descriptive exercise shows that there is still a remarkable dispersion of HICP inflation rates across the member countries. We find that most of dispersion originates in the non-traded categories of the HICP. This suggests that the main source of dispersion in countries' headline inflation rates is in those components of the HICP where non-traded goods (services, (public) goods with regulated and administered prices) are more intensely represented. We then examine the determinants of inflation differentials in a panel of the states of the Euro area in 1999? 2007 using alternative classifications of this group and three different datasets. The evidence presented shows that output gaps and a proxy for price level convergence were statistically significant. On the other hand, some determinants that were found significant in previous studies (for example Honohan and Lane, 2003, 2004; ECB, 2003) has no impact on inflation in our expanded time span (e.g. exchange rate movements) The dispersion of HICP inflation is expected to increase in the coming years as the new EU member states will join the Euro area. There are some risks for these countries connected with the common monetary policy, which is adjusted more to the conditions of stabilized advanced economies forming the core of the Euro area. This creates potential problems for the EU common monetary policy (ECB), in particular negative (positive) interest rates, their repercussions on investment processes, consumption and the possibility of creating asset bubbles.
Effects of complex magnetic ripple on fast ions in JFT-2M ferritic insert experiments

In JFT-2M, ferritic steel plates (FPs) were installed on almost the whole inner surface of the vacuum vessel. This arrangement is called the ferritic inside wall (FIW), and is the third step of the advanced material tokamak experiment programme. The toroidal field (TF) ripple was reduced by optimizing the thickness of FPs but the total ripple structure has become more complex, with a non-periodic feature in the toroidal direction, because of the existence of ports and other components that limit the periodic installation of FPs. We investigated the effect of this complex ripple on the heat flux onto the first wall due to fast ion loss. The ripple trapped loss was reduced as a result of the reduced magnetic ripple of the FIW. Additional FPs were also installed outside the vacuum vessel to produce a localized larger ripple. A small ripple trapped loss was observed when the shallow ripple well exists in the poloidal cross section, and a large ripple trapped loss was observed when the ripple well extends deep into the plasma region. Experimental results were almost consistent with computation with a newly developed fully three-dimensional magnetic field orbit-following Monte-Carlo code including the three-dimensional complex structure of the TF ripple and the non-axisymmetric first wall geometry.