Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blazar Flares as an Origin of High-energy Cosmic Neutrinos?

We consider implications of high-energy neutrino emission from blazar flares, including the recent event IceCube-170922A and the 2014–2015 neutrino flare that could originate from TXS 0506+056. First, we discuss their contribution to the diffuse neutrino intensity taking into account various observational constraints. Blazars are likely to be subdominant in the diffuse neutrino intensity at sub-PeV energies, and we show that blazar flares like those of TXS 0506+056 could make ≲1%–10% of the total neutrino intensity. We also argue that the neutrino output of blazars can be dominated by the flares in the standard leptonic scenario for their γ-ray emission, and energetic flares may still be detected with a rate of . Second, we consider multi-messenger constraints on the source modeling. We show that luminous neutrino flares should be accompanied by luminous broadband cascade emission, emerging also in X-rays and γ-rays. This implies that not only γ-ray telescopes like Fermi but also X-ray sky monitors such as Swift and MAXI are critical to test the canonical picture based on the single-zone modeling. We also suggest a two-zone model that can naturally satisfy the X-ray constraints while explaining the flaring neutrinos via either photomeson or hadronuclear processes.
Title Seed-storage-protein loci in RFLP maps of diploid , tetraploid , and hexaploid wheat Permalink

Linkages between highand low-molecularweight (M 3 ) glutenin, gliadin and triticin loci in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats were studied by hybridization of restriction fragments with DNA clones and by SDS-PAGE. In tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, DNA fragments hybridizing with a low-M 3 glutenin clone were mapped at the XGlu-3 locus in the distal region of the maps of chromosome arms 1AS, 1BS, and 1DS. A second locus, designated XGlu-B2, was detected in the middle of the map of chromosome arm 1BS completely linked to the XGli-B3 gliadin locus. The restriction fragments mapped at this locus were shown to co-segregate with B subunits of low-M 3 glutenins in SDS-PAGE in tetraploid wheat, indicating that XGluB2 is an active low-M 3 glutenin locus. A new locus hybridizing with the low-M 3 clone was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 7A. in diploid wheat. No glutenin protein was found to co-segregate with this new locus. Triticin loci were mapped on chromosome arms 1AS, 1BS, and 1DS. A failure to detect triticin proteins co-segregating with DNA fragments mapped at X1ri-B1 locus suggests that this locus is not active. No evidence was found for the existence of Gli-A4, and it is concluded that this locus is probably synonymous with Gli-A3. Recombination was observed within the multigene gliadin family mapped at XGli-A1 (1.2 cM). Although these closely linked loci may correspond to the previously named Gli-A1 and Gli-A5 loci, they were temporarily designated XGli-A1.1 and XGli-A1.2 until orthology with Gli-A1 and Gli-A5 is established.
Are Educational Vouchers Only Redistributive?

It is unclear if vouchers increase educational productivity or are purely redistributive, benefiting recipients by giving them access to more desirable peers at others’ expense. To examine this, we study an educational voucher programme in Colombia which allocated vouchers by lottery. Among voucher applicants to vocational schools, lottery winners were less likely to attend academic secondary schools and thus had peers with less desirable observable characteristics. Despite this, lottery winners had better educational outcomes. In this population, vouchers improved educational outcomes through channels beyond redistribution of desirable peers. We discuss potential channels which may explain the observed effects.
Title Artificial intelligence in healthcare : Past , present and future

Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to mimic human cognitive functions. It is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare, powered by increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid progress of analytics techniques. We survey the current status of AI applications in healthcare and discuss its future. AI can be applied to various types of healthcare data (structured and unstructured). Popular AI techniques include machine learning methods for structured data, such as the classical support vector machine and neural network, and the modern deep learning, as well as natural language processing for unstructured data. Major disease areas that use AI tools include cancer, neurology and cardiology. We then review in more details the AI applications in stroke, in the three major areas of early detection and diagnosis, treatment, as well as outcome prediction and prognosis evaluation. We conclude with discussion about pioneer AI systems, such as IBM Watson, and hurdles for real-life deployment of AI. Overview Of the medicAl ArtificiAl intelligence (Ai) reseArch Recently AI techniques have sent vast waves across healthcare, even fuelling an active discussion of whether AI doctors will eventually replace human physicians in the future. We believe that human physicians will not be replaced by machines in the foreseeable future, but AI can definitely assist physicians to make better clinical decisions or even replace human judgement in certain functional areas of healthcare (eg, radiology). The increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid development of big data analytic methods has made possible the recent successful applications of AI in healthcare. Guided by relevant clinical questions, powerful AI techniques can unlock clinically relevant information hidden in the massive amount of data, which in turn can assist clinical decision making. In this article, we survey the current status of AI in healthcare, as well as discuss its future. We first briefly review four relevant aspects from medical investigators’ perspectives: 1. motivations of applying AI in healthcare 2. data types that have be analysed by AI systems 3. mechanisms that enable AI systems to generate clinical meaningful results 4. disease types that the AI communities are
Widespread disease in Caribbean sea fans: II. Patterns of infection and tissue loss

Large lesions and widespread tissue loss in the sea fans Gorgonia ventalina and G. flabellum L. occurred throughout most of the Caribbean during 1995 and 1996. An earlier study identified the putative pathogen as a fungus in the genus Aspergillus (Smith et al. 1996). Repeated surveys showed that in the Bahamas the incidence (= % of diseased sea fans) and virulence (= % tissue loss per diseased colony) of the disease increased rapidly from 1995 to 1996. Repeated surveys in Curacao and Saba showed little variation in incidence and virulence. Incidence of the disease was higher on larger than on smaller colonies. On sheltered or moderately exposed shallow reefs ( < I 2 m), both incidence and virulence were positively correlated with water depth. The number of lesions on diseased sea fans, measured only in Curacao, also increased with depth. These patterns may result from a decrease in wave action, which usually declines with water depth, and the consequent reduction in the swaying motion of the sea fans, thus affecting success of pathogen attachment and establishment. The sea fan predator snail Cyphoma gibbosum was more abundant on diseased than on healthy colonies but its density appears to have been too low to contribute significantly to infection and tissue loss. Algal tumors were found on both healthy and diseased colonies and showed no clear association with the disease. K E Y WORDS: Disease Fungal pathogen . Aspergillus. Tissue loss Mortality Sea fan Gorgonia ventalina . Gorgonia flabellurn Cyphoma gibbosum . Algal tumors
Within- and Cross-Language Relations Between Oral Language Proficiency and School Outcomes in Bilingual Children With an Immigrant Background

Sixteen meta-analyses were conducted to examine relations of typically developing bilingual immigrant-background children’s oral language proficiency in their first and second language with the school outcomes of early literacy (k = 41), reading (k = 61), spelling (k = 9), mathematics (k = 9), and academic achievement (k = 9). Moderate to strong within-language relations were found for all school outcomes (.22 < r < .43), and cross-language relations for early literacy and reading (.12 < r < .22). Within-language relations were stronger than cross-language relations (.14 < d < .35). Only 6 out of 96 moderator effects tested were significant. Based on our findings, we propose a task-dependent bidirectional transfer hypothesis: The strength of cross-language transfer depends on the type of language proficiency task and the type of school outcome. Stimulating oral language proficiency in both languages can be a key factor in improving school outcomes of bilingual immigrant background children.
Modeling the Land Use Change in an Arid Oasis Constrained by Water Resources and Environmental Policy Change Using Cellular Automata Models

Land use and land cover change (LUCC) is an important issue in global environmental change and sustainable development, yet spatial simulation of LUCC remains challenging due to the land use system complexity. The cellular automata (CA) model plays a crucial role in simulating LUCC processes due to its powerful spatial computing power; however, the majority of current LUCC CA models are binary-state models that cannot provide more general information about the overall spatial pattern of LUCC. Moreover, the current LUCC CA models rarely consider background artificial irrigation in arid regions. Here, a multiple logistic-regression-based Markov cellular automata (MLRMCA) model and a multiple artificial-neural-network-based Markov cellular automata (MANNMCA) model were developed and applied to simulate complex land use evolutionary processes in an arid region oasis (Zhangye Oasis), constrained by water resources and environmental policy change, during the period 2000–2011. Results indicated that the MANNMCA model was superior to the MLRMCA model in simulated accuracy. Furthermore, combining the artificial neural network with CA more effectively captured the complex relationships between LUCC and a set of spatial driving variables. Although the MLRMCA model also showed some advantages, the MANNMCA model was more appropriate for simulating complex land use dynamics. The two integrated models were reliable, and could reflect the spatial evolution of regional LUCC. These models also have potential implications for land use planning and sustainable development in arid regions.
Designing TOD precincts: accessibility and travel patterns

This paper reports on a research study that investigated the travel behaviour of residents in three case study station precincts located along a new railway in Perth, Western Australia. The precincts were selected for comparison, representing the different development opportunities ranging from planned transit-oriented development (TOD) to station precincts acting primarily as origin stations or transit interchanges. Accessibility measures and the actual travel patterns of residents in each station precinct were compared, in order to consider the degree to which different station precinct designs have led residents to reduce their motorised travel and to substitute it with both public transport within the region, and walking or cycling within the local neighbourhood. We draw on two surveys: a household survey, including a travel diary, examining behaviours after the railway opened; a detailed survey measuring both local and regional accessibility using a suite of over 30 measures of multi-modal accessibility. The results highlight the dual role of public transport and land—use planning in changing mobility patterns, using a temporal perspective. We found a positive relationship between improvements to accessibility by public transport and residents reducing car-based travel. Residents also increased the spatial reach of their travel and many converted from uni-modal to multi-modal travellers. At the local level (station precinct), however, we found an accessibility mismatch between infrastructure and proximity to facilities, whereby neighbourhoods with a high standard of infrastructure for walking and cycling do not have corresponding facilities that they may walk or cycle to and vice versa.
Modeling the vertical soil organic matter profile using Bayesian parameter estimation

The vertical distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) in the profile may constitute an important factor for soil carbon cycling. However, the formation of the SOM pro- file is currently poorly understood due to equifinality, caused by the entanglement of several processes: input from roots, mixing due to bioturbation, and organic matter leaching. In this study we quantified the contribution of these three pro- cesses using Bayesian parameter estimation for the mecha- nistic SOM profile model SOMPROF. Based on organic car- bon measurements, 13 parameters related to decomposition and transport of organic matter were estimated for two tem- perate forest soils: an Arenosol with a mor humus form (Loo- bos, the Netherlands), and a Cambisol with mull-type humus (Hainich, Germany). Furthermore, the use of the radioisotope 210 Pbex as tracer for vertical SOM transport was studied. For Loobos, the calibration results demonstrate the importance of organic matter transport with the liquid phase for shaping the vertical SOM profile, while the effects of bioturbation are generally negligible. These results are in good agreement with expectations given in situ conditions. For Hainich, the calibration offered three distinct explanations for the obser- vations (three modes in the posterior distribution). With the addition of 210 Pbex data and prior knowledge, as well as ad- ditional information about in situ conditions, we were able to identify the most likely explanation, which indicated that root litter input is a dominant process for the SOM profile. For both sites the organic matter appears to comprise mainly adsorbed but potentially leachable material, pointing to the importance of organo-mineral interactions. Furthermore, or- ganic matter in the mineral soil appears to be mainly derived from root litter, supporting previous studies that highlighted the importance of root input for soil carbon sequestration. The 210 Pbex measurements added only slight additional con- straint on the estimated parameters. However, with sufficient replicate measurements and possibly in combination with other tracers, this isotope may still hold value as tracer for SOM transport.
BIOCONVERSION OF PADDY STRAW AND BIOFERTILIZER FOR SUSTAINABLE RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS

The recommended models was carried out on three different provinces of Mekong Delta viz., An Giang, Can Tho and Long An at different in 30 households to study the effects of composting paddy straw by Trichoderma sp combined with nitrogen fixing bacteria Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (for soybean) and Bradyrhizobium spp (for groundnut) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae). Application of recommended models on rice – soybean/groundnut - rice enhanced yield components and grain yields of crops at three sites of different seasons excepting in Cantho site at 2007 Spring – Summer season as compared to conventional farmers’ fertilizer model. The average input of fertilizer cost for three crops in three seasons were saved at an amount of VND 953,640 / ha equal to 45.74 % as compared to farmers’ practice. In the recommended model, the gross input also got reduced VND 1,092,277 / ha equal to 14.48 %; rice, groundnut and soybean grain yield increased at 12.37 %, 19.71 % and 5.24 %; respectively. The total income increased as 12.28 %; the cost price were reduced to an extent of 27.94 %, 9.10 % for rice and leguminous crops, respectively led to the income increased to an amount of 2,773,586 VND/ha equal to 45.13 % as compared to farmers’ practice model. Furthermore, the quality of the products such as lipid, protein, phosphorus, potassium contents as well as soil available nutrients and benefit microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes) enhanced significantly at the harvesting stage. The total benefical microorganism population in soils of the recommended model increased 4.23*10 8 CFU/g dry soil, 3.39*10 8 CFU/g dry soil and 8.85* 10 8 CFU/g dry soil for An Giang, Can Tho and Long An, respectively in comparision to the conventional farmes practice model.
Diurnal and Seasonal Patterns of Methane Emissions from a Dairy Operation in North China Plain

In China, dairy cattle managed in collective feedlots contribute about 30% of the milk production and are believed to be an important contributor to national methane emissions. Methane emissions from a collective dairy feedlot in North China Plain (NCP) were measured during the winter, spring, summer, and fall seasons with open-path lasers in combination with an inverse dispersion technique. Methane emissions from the selected dairy feedlot were characterized by an apparent diurnal pattern with three peaks corresponding to the schedule of feeding activities. On a per capita basis, daily methane emission rates of these four seasons were 0.28, 0.32, 0.33, and 0.30 kg head−1 d−1, respectively. In summary, annual methane emission rate was 112.4 kg head−1 yr−1 associated with methane emission intensity of 32.65 L CH4 L−1 of milk and potential methane conversion factor Ym of 6.66% of gross energy intake for mature dairy cows in North China Plain.
Is Periodontitis Associated with Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate, with Oxidative Stress as an Important Link?

Context: The prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease is increasing world- wide. Besides traditional risk factors, many non-traditional risk factors may be responsible for development of the disease. Aims: To see if chronic generalized periodontitis is associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate; with oxidative stress as an important link. Design: A cross-sectional study involving 300 individuals, 150 cases and 150 controls. Setting: Candidates enrolled were patients visiting the OPD of MGV's Dental College & Hospital, Nasik, India between Jan 2011 and Dec 2012. Materials and Methods: Serum/plasma and urine samples of patients with/without periodontitis were analyzed for marker of inflammation (CRP), kidney function tests (serum creatinine, eGFR, serum Urea and ACR) and markers of oxidative stress (MDA, GGT, Uric Acid and TAC). Statistical Analysis used: Analysis was done using Statistical software SPSS version 20. Values were expressed as mean± standard deviation. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Patients with periodontitis were found to have higher mean CRP, lower eGFR, higher serum urea, higher MDA, GGT and lower uric acid and TAC as compared to controls. Conclusions: Patients with periodontitis may be at an increased risk for development of CKD. Identification of such patients may help in early diagnosis of the disease.
The Value Relevance of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): The Case of the GCC Countries

This study examines whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS*) has increased the value relevance of accounting information in one of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) countries, Bahrain. It extends the literature on the attributes of financial reports prepared under IFRS through examining its value relevance. We used a sample of 40 listed companies in Bahrain Bourse (BHB) as one of the emerging markets with a total of 280 yearfirm observations. The study employs the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis. Two models of OLS regression (returns and price models) were employed. For the stock return model, findings of the study showed a slight difference in the value relevance of accounting information after the adoption of IFRS by listed companies in BHB. However, in the price earning model, the findings showed some improvement in the value relevance after the adaption of IFRS.
Hemispheric Differences in Identifying Emotionally Expressive Body Movements

Copyright 2010 by Psi Chi, The International Honor Society in Psychology (Vol. 15, No. 1/ISSN 1089-4136) The ability to produce, perceive, and interpret nonverbally expressed emotions is an enduring and universal human ability. Many theorists have described the evolution of human emotion as a means for social cohesion and, consequently, for the species’ survival (Turner, 1996). The ability to relay essential information nonverbally (through the detection of emotions) may have served as an essential tool for survival and social interaction (Corballis, 1999). As the various complexities of the human faculty evolved, several adaptations (especially the ability to link arbitrary gestures with mental concepts) may have occurred before the physical ability to produce language (Christiansen & Kirby, 2003). This possibility lends to the notion that nonverbal communication may have been the primary method for humans to exchange information before language evolved. Because certain cerebral mechanisms (especially lateral differentiation between the hemispheres) are known to lie behind human communicative processes and the perception of emotion (Gazzaniga, 1985), insight into these biological factors may facilitate a more complete understanding of the evolutionary development and contemporary relevance of nonverbal communication.
How does boundary-spanning search matter in Chinas new technology venture? The role of external relationship and internal competence

Following on the resource-advantage theory, this study advances existing research by examining what configuration of a new venture’s boundary-spanning search can obtain successful venture performance and how a founding team’s external relationship and the internal firm competences shapes the relationship between the distant search and new venture performance. The paper is based on a questionnaire survey/analysis of a sample of 178 new ventures from China. This paper offers insight to entrepreneurs with regard to the importance of building external managerial ties and developing idiosyncratic internal competences on boundary-spanning search. In addition, our study also reveals that the effectiveness of supply-, demand- and spatial-side boundary-spanning search on venture performance depends upon investing resource at a rational level. Key words: Boundary-spanning search strategy, new venture, managerial tie, firm competence.
On the Use of Integrated Daylighting and Energy Simulations To Drive the Design of a Large Net-Zero Energy Office Building

This paper seeks to illustrate the challenges of integrating rigorous daylight and electric lighting simulation data with whole-building energy models, and defends the need for such integration in order to achieve aggressive energy savings in building designs. Through a case study example, we examine the ways daylighting – and daylighting simulation – drove the design of a large net-zero energy project. In this paper, the author will give a detailed review of the daylighting and electric lighting design process for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Research Support Facility (RSF)1, a 220,000 ft2 net-zero energy project the author worked on as a daylighting consultant. A review of the issues involved in simulating and validating the daylighting performance of the RSF will be detailed, including daylighting simulation, electric lighting control response, and integration of Radiance simulation data into the building energy model. Daylighting was a key strategy in reaching the contractual energy use goals for the RSF project; the building’s program, layout, orientation and interior/furniture design were all influenced by the daylighting design, and simulation was critical in ensuring these many design components worked together in an integrated fashion, and would perform as required to meet a very aggressive energy performance goal, as expressed in a target energy use intensity (EUI).