Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Lacrimal Production Rate and Wetted Length of Modified Schirmer's Tear Test Strips

Purpose To assess and compare the wetting kinetics of sheathed and unsheathed Schirmer's tear test (STT) strips, and to determine the repeatability of 5-minute wetted length (WL) and basal tear production rate (BTPR). Methods Seventeen subjects underwent two sheathed and unsheathed STTs each for both eyes on four visits on separate days. After administration of topical anesthetic, WLs were measured every 30 seconds for 5 minutes, and BTPRs were calculated for sheathed strips. Limits of agreement (LoA), difference-versus-mean plots (DVM), and the coefficient of repeatability (CR) assessed WL and BTPR repeatabilities. Variance estimates were used to calculate sample sizes for future study. Results For the unsheathed STT, the mean (SD) difference in WLs between visits was 0.74 (5.05) mm, LoA were [−9.17, 10.64], and CR was 9.17 mm; for the sheathed STT, the mean (SD) intervisit difference was 0.16 (5.94) mm, LoA were [−11.49, 11.8], and CR was 10.53 mm. Eight of 48 sheathed STTs and 20 of 44 unsheathed STTs showed constant WL for the final 90 seconds of the test. The mean (SD) difference between repeated visits for BTPR was approximately 0.0 μL/min, LoA were [−1.82, 1.82], and CR was 1.91 μL/min. Conclusions Repeatability of sheathed and unsheathed 5-minute WL and BTPR is inadequate for measuring within-subject changes, but is sufficient for group studies with moderate sample sizes. Constant WL for the final 90 seconds with the eight sheathed STT measurements suggests varying BTPR, whereas constant WL with the unsheathed STT can be explained by balancing evaporation and BTPR. Translational Relevance Repeatability of the modified STT is evaluated clinically to establish quantitative BTPRs rather than inference from a strip WL.
Brain Evolution and the Centrosome

Microtubules are cytoskeletal elements that are important for many cellular processes. Mitotic spindles that are formed for cell division are made up of microtubules. Centrosomes are cellular organelles that organize microtubules. In most cells cellular constituents are not distributed symmetrically within the cell and therefore cells exhibit distinct polarity and asymmetry. Therefore many cells have an apical side and a basal side. The microtubules also exhibit polarity along their proximal distal axis from their site of anchoring and nucleation. When a cell divides the centrosome also divides along with DNA replication. Thus each of the daughter cells will inherit a centrosome. Recent evidence suggests that the two centrosomes may not be equivalent and that the centrosome that a cell inherits may infl uence cell fate. In addition, during cell division the centrosomes are important for the alignment of the mitotic spindles and determining the plane of cell division. This in turn could impact the distribution of proteins in the dividing cell and thus confer different cell fates on the daughter cells. These aspects as they relate to neural stem cell division and regulation of neuron number are explored. In addition, the origins of the function of the mammalian centrosomes are traced.
Problematic Internet use in drug addicts under treatment in public rehab centers

BACKGROUND Problematic Internet use (PIU) or Internet addiction has been recognized to be a behavioral addiction characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behaviors regarding computer use and Internet access that leads to impairment or distress resembling substance abuse. AIM To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Internet use and abuse in a group of drug addicts from Southern Italy, by means of a specific questionnaire [“Questionario sull’Utilizzo delle Nuove Tecnologie” (QUNT)]. METHODS All subjects (183) were heavy smokers, almost 50% of them used heroin and/or opioid compounds, 30% alcohol, 10% cannabis, 8% cocaine, and 5% were polydrug users. Almost 10% of the individuals were also suffering from gambling disorder. RESULTS The time spent online was more than 4 hours a day in the total sample, with a slight prevalence in male subjects. Cocaine and cannabis users spent more than 6 hours online, significantly more than opioid and alcohol abusers. Distribution of the QUNT factors was not different in both sexes. Cocaine users showed higher scores at the “loss of control”, “pornography addiction”, and “addiction to social networks” factors, for the stimulant effect of this substance. Moreover, 15 out of the total 17 cocaine users were pathological gamblers. Positive and statistically significant relationships were observed between some QUNT factors and body mass index. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that PIU is less severe in subjects taking sedative substances, such as heroin/opioids and alcohol, than in subjects taking stimulants. Alternatively, it may be used as a “stimulant” trigger in cocaine and cannabis users. Flattening effect of abuse drugs was noted on possible sex-related differences in QUNT items. We observed a sort of “protective” effect of a love relationship and/or living together with a partner, as those engaged subjects showed lower scores on different items than single subjects or those living alone. The relationship between time spent online (and related sedentary lifestyle) and body mass index would suggest that Internet use might be a contributing factor to increasing weight gain and obesity amongst adolescents and young adults worldwide. Our findings also highlighted the specific vulnerability of drug addicts who use stimulants, rather than sedative compounds, to other kinds of behavioral addictions, such as gambling disorder.
Morphological and molecular study on Yininemertespratensis (Nemertea, Pilidiophora, Heteronemertea) from the Han River Estuary, South Korea, and its phylogenetic position within the family Lineidae

Abstract Outbreaks of ribbon worms observed in 2013, 2015, and 2017–2019 in the Han River Estuary, South Korea, have caused damage to local glass-eel fisheries. The Han River ribbon worms have been identified as Yininemertespratensis (Sun & Lu, 1998) based on not only morphological characteristics compared with the holotype and paratype specimens, but also DNA sequence comparison with topotypes freshly collected near the Yangtze River mouth, China. Using sequences of six gene markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, histone H4, 16S rRNA, and COI), the phylogenetic position of Y.pratensis was inferred among other heteronemerteans based on their sequences obtained from public databases. This analysis firmly placed Y.pratensis as a close relative to Apatronemertesalbimaculosa Wilfert & Gibson, 1974, which has been reported from aquarium tanks containing tropical freshwater plants in various parts of the world as well as a wild environment in Panama.
Finding identity: Theory and data

Abstract This commentary responds to the papers in the special issue ‘Accomplishing identity in bilingual interaction’ and particularly to the use of Bucholtz and Hall's (2004a, 2004b, 2005) framework for the linguistic analysis of identities in interaction. The commentary focuses on the relationship between theory and empirical work, with attention to the role of ethnographic context in the analysis of both microlevel interaction and macrolevel sociopolitical and sociohistorical processes, the place of language ideologies in the interactional construction of bilingual identities, and the necessity to ground theoretical claims in rigorous empirical analysis.
Effect of row spacing and sowing time on seed yield, quality parameters and nutrient uptake of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] in semi arid climate of Southern Telanagana, India

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of row spacing and sowing time on seed yield, galactomannan and protein content and nutrient uptake of guar in semi arid climate of Southern Telangana. The crop sown at row spacing of 30 cm recorded significantly higher seed yield than that of 45 cm and 60 cm spacing. Production and rainfall use efficiency and harvest index besides growth and yield attributes, galactomannan and protein yields, N, P and K uptake were also significantly higher at 30 cm spacing. Sowing of guar during first or second fortnight of July resulted in significantly higher seed yield than first fortnight of August sowing. Production efficiency, plant height, number of clusters plant-1 and protein yield followed the similar trend of seed yield. Negative relationship was observed between galactomannan content and sowing time. Though powdery mildew infection was higher in early sown crop and close crop spacing, higher plant population and biomass production resulted in higher seed yield of guar when compared to late sown crop and wider spacing.
The evaluation of operational performance of supply chain at automotive industry

Todays, Supply Chain Management is one of the most important and complex issues for automakers in the world. The main objectives of this research are to explore the factors to predict operational performance of the supply chain (OPSC) through survey and case study research in IRANKHODRO Company (IKCO). Based on the supply chain theories, previous studies and structural equation modeling operational performance of the supply chain was predicted by process innovation (PI) and partnership quality (PQ). In addition, the relationship between IT and OPSC was moderated by process innovation and the positive effect of IT on OPSC was rejected. A total numbers of 217 completed questionnaires were collected from IKCO. The reliability of data was evaluated by using SPSS to analyse Cronbach’s alpha, where all values of alpha were acceptable strongly. According to SEM, measurement and structural model were analyzed to evaluate validity and hypothesizes. The confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were utilized based on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) to examine model. OPSC model was examined for the first time in the automotive industry, which as the research gap was concluded. This research contributes to focus on IT, PQ, PI and OPSC as theoretical, managerial and practical implications.
Countercyclical Recruiting Rates and the Value of Jobs

U.S. CPS gross flows data indicate that in recessions firms actually increase their hiring rates from the pools of the unemployed and out of the labor force. Why so? The paper provides an explanation by studying the optimal recruiting behavior of the representative firm. This behavior is a function of the value of jobs, i.e., the expected present value of the marginal worker to the firm. Job values are estimated to be counter-cyclical in U.S. data, the underlying reason being the dynamic behavior of the labor share of GDP. The counter-cyclicality of hiring rates and job values, which may appear counter-intuitive, is shown to be consistent with well-known business cycle facts, such as pro-cyclical employment and pro-cyclical vacancy and job-finding rates (as well as job to job flows). The analysis emphasizes the difference between current labor productivity and the forward-looking concept of job value. The paper explains the high volatility of firm recruiting behavior, as well as the reduction in labor market fluidity in the U.S. over time, using the same framework.
Temperature during soybean seed storage and the amount of electrolytes of soaked seeds solution

ABSTRACT: The electrical conductivity test measures the electrolytes that leach out of seeds whenthey are immersed in water and this leakage is an indication of seed vigor. The level of standardizationreached by the procedures of this test is such that the test is recommended for pea seeds andsuggested for other large seeded legumes, including soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. This study[was conducted to contribute to the standardization of this test for soybean seeds by verifying whetherthe seed storage temperature influences the composition of the leachate from soaked seeds solution.Two soybean seed lots of distinct physiological potential were stored in moisture-proof containerseither at constant temperatures of 10°C and 20°C or at the temperature of 20°C during the first sevenmonths of storage followed by a change to 10°C for the rest of the storage time (nine months). Thechemical composition of the soaked water was evaluated every three months from January to October1998. The highest amount of leakage was observed for potassium, followed by calcium and magnesium,iron and sodium regardless of temperature and storage period. The amount of electrolytes in thesoaked water increased as the period of time and the temperature of storage increased. On the otherhand the amount of leakage decrease along the time for those seeds stored at 10°C or transferred fromthe temperature of 20 to that of 10°C. The temperature at which soybean seeds remain during storagemay affect the amount of electrolytes in the soaked water and consequently the results of the electricalconductivity test.Key words:
Can you google the future? A study on the predictive power of Google Trends on company shares in the UK.

Google Trends was released in 2006. The service enables one to see the aggregated search volume for any defined term. After its release it has gradually been incorporated into academic research from various fields, most often as a proxy for global attention. The purpose of this study is to analyze how investor attention for a particular stock ticker, as measured by Internet search frequency, affects its future trade volume and share price in the UK market. The effect is analyzed separately for different time periods, market capitalization sizes and industries. In addition the paper looks at how searches originating globally and from the UK differ in their relation to company shares. The data used in this study come from two different sources. Financial data is gathered via Datastream, including weekly share prices and trade volume. Search volume data is gathered manually from Google Trends for the company’s London Stock Exchange ticker symbol. The final sample consists of 93 firms in the FTSE AllShare index from 2004 to 2011. The results indicate that search volume does have predictive power over company shares. Firstly the study shows that searches for a company ticker have a direct and significant relation to current and future trade volume. Secondly, using a Fama-Macbeth cross-sectional regression it is proven that search volume predicts future abnormal returns at the 1%-significance level. A one-standard-deviation increase in abnormal search volume this week raises abnormal returns next week by 12.5 basis points, while resulting in price reversal in subsequent weeks. Furthermore the study finds that search volume data originating from the UK is not as good at predicting share price movement as global search volume.
THE IMPACT OF STEREOSCOPIC 3-D ON VISUAL SHORT-TERM MEMORY

Visual short-term memory has been studied extensively, however nearly all research on this topic has assessed two-dimensional object properties. This is unexpected, given that most individuals perceive the visual environment in three-dimensions. This thesis examines the impact of stereoscopic 3-D on visual short-term memory. In the experiments reported here, I first investigate the stimuli necessary to directly assess visual short-term memory while eliminating two potential confounds: the use of verbal memory to encode visual information, and the unintentional use of mental resources directed at irrelevant aspects of the memory task. I found that a set of four letters sufficiently occupies verbal short-term memory; ensuring verbal memory is not used to encode visual information on the subsequent task. I also found that individuals more accurately allocate their mental resources when there is a high similarity, compared to a low similarity, between the sample stimuli being encoded and then tested. I then assess the impact of the amount of disparity, as well as the distribution of elements in depth, on visual short-term memory. Individuals retain simple visual stimuli equivalently when information is displayed in 2-D or 3-D, regardless of how objects are distributed in 3-D. Although disparity does not influence visual short-term memory, the ease of encoding does improve performance. Tasks that facilitate encoding result in better visual short-term memory performance than tasks that disrupt encoding strategies. Taken together, the experiments reported here show that stereoscopic 3-D does not improve visual short-term memory. This finding is true regardless of how visual objects are distributed in depth. Differences in visual short-term memory performance appear to arise from factors that influence encoding; stereopsis is not one of those factors.
Fibromyalgia for the Psychiatrist

Fibromyalgia (FM) is common in pain clinics and not infrequently encountered in psychiatric practice. It is a poorly understood condition which is ignored in medical school and post graduate psychiatric training. It is a common disorder, poorly understood condition which is the cause of great suffering and disability. FM is associated with a wide range of reproducible pathophysiological findings. Speculation has FM as a form of (1) sleep disorder, (2) CNS sensitization, and (3) dysregulation of the stress response. Treatment can be well managed by psychiatrists and includes (1) education and CBT, (2) antidepressants, (3) analgesics, and (4) a range of other potential treatments including hormones (German J Psychiatry 2001; 4: 1-8).
On Optimization over Tail Distributions

We investigate the use of optimization to compute bounds for extremal performance measures. This approach takes a non-parametric viewpoint that aims to alleviate the issue of model misspecification possibly encountered by conventional methods in extreme event analysis. We make two contributions towards solving these formulations, paying especial attention to the arising tail issues. First, we provide a technique in parallel to Choquet's theory, via a combination of integration by parts and change of measures, to transform shape constrained problems (e.g., monotonicity of derivatives) into families of moment problems. Second, we show how a moment problem cast over infinite support can be reformulated into a problem over compact support with an additional slack variable. In the context of optimization over tail distributions, the latter helps resolve the issue of non-convergence of solutions when using algorithms such as generalized linear programming. We further demonstrate the applicability of this result to problems with infinite-value constraints, which can arise in modeling heavy tails.
DEVELOPMENT OF PCR PRIMERS TO IDENTIFY SPECIES OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES: MELOIDOGYNE ARENARIA , M. HAPLA , M. INCOGNITA AND M. JAVANICA

DNA from twenty-six different single-egg-mass nematode isolates, including seven Meloidogyne arenaria, three M. hapla , eleven M. incognita and five M. javanica , were used to identify species-specific sequence tagged sites. RAPD-PCR was tested to detect species-specific DNA fragments. Nematode isolates of the same species could be grouped unambiguously by most of the polymorphic RAPD patterns. Variations among isolates of each species were also observed, especially within M. arenaria and M. hapla . Potential species-specific DNA fragments from RAPD-PCR were cloned and sequenced. Species- specific PCR primer pairs for M. arenaria , M. hapla , M. incognita and M. javanica were developed.
Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Ozone vs. Peroxone for Trihalomethane Formation

Both the direct ozone reaction and the indirect hydroxyl radical reaction are important in the ozonation of drinking water. This paper investigates the effectiveness of ozone versus ozone coupled with hydrogen peroxide (peroxone) with respect to trihalomethanes formation. The investigation was conducted on a pilot-scale at various H2O2:O3 dose ratios of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.35 and change in peroxide addition point (pre- and post-ozonation). It was observed that the addition of peroxide, either before or after ozonation, increased trihalomethane concentrations and that increasing H2O2:O3 increased trihalomethane concentrations. In comparing the addition point of peroxide, addition prior to ozonation better controlled trihalomethane formation than after ozonation.
Investigation of Toxicity Properties of Flower-like ZnO Nanoparticles on Cyprinus carpio Sperm Cells Using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA)

This study was carried out to clarify the toxicity properties of Flower-like zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on collected sperm samples from Cyprinus carpio using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Flower-like ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized using a simple system at 120C for 5 h by the microwave-assisted solvothermal techniques. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized for its structural, morphological and thermal properties. After that, the different concentrations of synthesized ZnO NPs (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1 ppm) were examined with Cyprinus carpio sperm samples collected from Karakaya reservoir. The spermatozoa motility parameters which contain to curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), straightness (STR), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and beat cross frequency (BCF) was computed and recorded by CASA. According to the results, while VCL, VAP and BCF were statistically significant (P<0.05), VSL, ALH and STR were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In addition, the EC50 values of VCL and VAP parameters were calculated 0.56 ppm and 0.004 ppm, respectively.
THE EFFECT OF HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE UNIT ON CI RASEA WATERSHED STREAMFLOW BASED ON LANDSAT TM

This paper discusses spatial pattern of Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU), which is a unit formed of hydrological analysis, including geology and soil type, elevation and slope, and also land cover in 2009. This paper also discusses the impact of HRU on streamflow of Ci Rasea watershed, West Java. Ci Rasea watershed is located at the upstream part of Ci Tarum watersheds in West Java Province, Indonesia. This research used SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model to obtain spatial HRU and river flow. The method used Landsat TM data for land cover and daily rainfall for river flow modeling. The results have shown spatial pattern of HRU which was affected by land cover, soil type and slope. In 2009, accumulated surface runoff and streamflow changes were spatially affected by HRU changes. The large amount accumulation of river flow discharge happened in HRU with landcover paddy field, silty clay soil, and flat slope. While the low discharge of river flow happened in HRU with plantation, clay soil, and slightly steep slopes as HRU dominant. It was found that accumulation of surface runoff in Ci Rasea watershed can be reduced by changing the land cover type in some areas with clay and slightly steep slope to become plantation area and the areas with sandy loam soil and flat slope can be used for paddy fields. Beside affected by HRU, the river flow discharge was also affected by the distance of sub watershed to the outlet. By using NS model and statistical t-student for calibration and validation, it was obtained that the accuracy of river flow models with HRU was 70%. It meant that the model could better simulate water flows of the Ci Rasea watershed.