Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Development of Multi-Step Inverse FEM with Shell Model

The inverse or one‐step finite element approach is increasingly used in the sheet metal stamping industry to predict strain distribution and the initial blank shape in the preliminary design stage. Based on the existing theory, there are two types of method: one is based on the principle of virtual work and the other is based on the principle of extreme work. Much research has been conducted to improve the accuracy of simulation results. For example, based on the virtual work principle, Batoz et al. developed a new method using triangular DKT shell elements. In this new method, the bending and unbending effects are considered. Based on the principle of extreme work, Majlessi and et al. proposed the multi‐step inverse approach with membrane elements and applied it to an axis‐symmetric part. Lee and et al. presented an axis‐symmetric shell element model to solve the similar problem. In this paper, a new multi‐step inverse method is introduced with no limitation on the workpiece shape. It is a shell element .
COLLISIONS BETWEEN DARK MATTER CONFINED HIGH VELOCITY CLOUDS AND MAGNETIZED GALACTIC DISKS: THE SMITH CLOUD

The Galaxy’s population of High Velocity Clouds (HVCs) may include a subpopulation that is confined by dark matter minihalos and falling toward the Galactic disk. We present the first magnetohydrodynamic simulational study of dark-matter-dominated HVCs colliding with a weakly magnetized galactic disk. Our HVCs have baryonic masses of 5 × 106M⊙ and dark matter minihalo masses of 0, 3 × 108, or 1 × 109 M⊙. They are modeled on the Smith Cloud, which is said to have collided with the disk 70 Myr ago. We find that, in all cases, the cloud’s collision with the galactic disk creates a hole in the disk, completely disperses the cloud, and forms a bubble-shaped structure on the far side of the disk. In contrast, when present, the dark matter minihalo continues unimpeded along its trajectory. Later, as the minihalo passes through the bubble structure and galactic halo, it accretes up to 6.0 × 105 M⊙ in baryonic material, depending on the strengths of the magnetic field and minihalo gravity. These simulations suggest that if the Smith Cloud is associated with a dark matter minihalo and collided with the Galactic disk, the minihalo has accreted the observed gas. However, if the Smith Cloud is dark-matter-free, it is on its first approach toward the disk. These simulations also suggest that the dark matter is most concentrated either at the head of the cloud or near the cloud, depending upon the strength of the magnetic field, a point that could inform indirect dark matter searches.
Analysis Of Mitochondrial Dna Coding Region Snps By Pyrosequencing 2007

To date, the use of mitochondrial DNA in forensic analysis has relied on the presence of variations in the control region to differentiate between samples. One problem that this analysis has shown is the occurrence of common Haplogroup H haplotypes or identical sequences. Thus, there is a need to enhance the distinguishing power of this type of analysis. One option has been to investigate the mitochondrial coding region for polymorphisms that could differentiate between samples with identical control region haplotypes. The goal of this study has been to identify polymorphic coding region sites for development in a Pyrosequencing assay that would effectively enhance the discriminatory power of mitochondrial DNA analysis. With this goal in mind, five duplexes have been successfully developed and tested, utilizing the ten polymorphic sites that had been selected, with most sites being specific to Caucasians. Validation studies were performed to test the durability of the assay. The specificity of the assay to primate and non-primate species was determined to be limited to primate species only. Sample variations, including mixtures, dilutions and environmental exposure, were utilized to assess the sensitivity of the Pyrosequencing method. It was found that a minimum initial DNA input of 10fg was necessary for reliable results. The Pyrosequencing assay was able to detect mixtures at a 1:1 ratio and environmental samples exposed to the elements from up to 1 week for blood and 6 weeks for semen. Samples designed to simulate typical casework materials were analyzed and found to provide for consistent results, including trace fingerprints and digested hair shafts. These validation results provide the conclusion that this assay is suitable for use in forensic casework and demonstrate that the mitochondrial coding region provides a viable alternative to hypervariable region analysis.
Usability analysis of static load cycles for assessment of tractor engine operation economy

Summary. The paper presents results of tests on the AD3.152UR engine, carried out on a chassis dynamometer. The tests were made according to two different static load cycles, (5 and 8 phase). The operation economy of the tested engine was compared based on weighted averages of specifi c fuel consumption. It was found that in a 5-phase cycle the tested engine was characterized by lower specifi c fuel consumption and lower effective power, compared to an 8-phase cycle. It was also found that a 5-phase cycle could be representative for the province of Pomorze Zachodnie, provided the phase sequences are similar to the tractor engine time density characteristics.
Trade and Politics: Political Determinants of International Trade Flows

This thesis takes a comprehensive look at the relationship between international trade and politics. The first part of this thesis is theoretical. Besides providing a useful overview of this highly complex subject, it makes a contribution to the contemporary theory by proposing two simple models. The first of these models explains how because of complementarity of institutions, countries end up stuck with inefficient institutions and consequently high trade costs; countries can break out of this inefficient equilibrium only by coordinating their actions. The second proposed model shows how governments set trade barriers in order to pursue their political aims, while at the same time staying popular in order to remain in power. This model is consistent with a wide variety of regime types and ideologies, and takes into account voter heterogeneity. The second part of this thesis is empirical. It uses the gravity model of trade, with multilateral resistance terms represented either by fixed effects or by the Baier-Bergstrand linear approximation of the theoretically derived resistances. The model is estimated by the PPML estimator. The findings are broadly consistent with the conclusions of the theoretical chapters as well as with the previous literature. However, the results regarding the role of market institutions and governance quality are inconsistent and somewhat puzzling. JEL Classification C23, D02, D72, F13, F14
The Attenuation of Fourier Amplitudes for Rock Sites in Eastern North America

We develop an empirical model of the decay of Fourier amplitudes for earthquakes of M 3-6 recorded on rock sites in eastern North America and discuss its implications for source parameters. Attenuation at distances from 10 to 500 km may be adequately described using a bilinear model with a geometric spreading of 1=R 1:3 to a transition distance of 50 km, with a geometric spreading of 1=R 0:5 at greater distances. For low frequencies and distances less than 50 km, the effective geometric spreading given by the model is perturbed using a frequency- and hypocentral depth- dependent factor defined in such a way as to increase amplitudes at lower frequencies near the epicenter but leave the 1 km source amplitudes unchanged. The associated anelastic attenuation is determined for each event, with an average value being given by a regional quality factor of Q � 525f 0:45 . This model provides a match, on aver- age, between the known seismic moment of events and the inferred low-frequency spectral amplitudes at R � 1 km (obtained by correcting for the attenuation model). The inferred Brune stress parameters from the high-frequency source terms are about 600 bars (60 MPa), on average, for events of M> 4:5.
A Mathematical Model for Supply Chain Network Infrastructure Restoration

Supply chain network (SCN) infrastructure is vital to the sustainability of any urban environment. This study focuses on optimizing SCN restoration for a road network in the aftermath of major disruptions. The optimization problem consists of simultaneously assigning and scheduling repair crews to service damaged or destroyed SCN infrastructure elements to minimize the expected delivery times in the SCN after a major disruption. A new continuous-time linear mixed-integer mathematical formulation for SCN restoration is proposed. The formulation is tested on a single SCN infrastructure composed of a road network. Particular emphasis is given to understanding capability of the formulation under various experimental conditions.
Pre-Service Science Teachers' Written Argumentation Qualities: From the Perspectives of Socio- Scientific Issues, Epistemic Belief Levels and Online Discussion Environment.

This study investigated the relationship between pre-service science teachers‟ written argumentation levels about socio-scientific issues and epistemic belief levels in an online discussion environment. A mixed-methods approach was used: 30 Turkish pre-service science teachers contributed with their written argumentations to four socio-scientific issues. The pre-service science teachers‟ argumentations were evaluated by an adapted version of argumentation analysis framework developed by Sadler and Fowler (2006) and their epistemic belief levels were measured using the Epistemic Belief Questionnaire by Kuhn, Cheney, and Weinstock (2000). The qualitative as well as quantitative results indicated that: (1) the pre-service science teachers produced high-level argumentations for each socio-scientific issue in an online discussion environment, (2) levels of argumentations increased from climate change to human genome project issue, and (3) higher-level argumentations were produced for higher epistemic belief levels (i.e., multiplist and evaluativist).
Impact of Board Independence on Community Disclosures Quality

This study investigates the link between board independence and the quality of community disclosures in annual reports. Using content analysis and a panel dataset from the UK FTSE 350 companies, the results show a statistically significant relationship between board independence, measured by proportion of non-executive directors and the quality of community disclosures, while other corporate governance and firm specific variables are held constant. The study indicates that companies with more non-executive directors are likely to disclose higher quality information of their community activities than others. This offers important insight to policy makers who are interested in achieving optimal board composition and on interaction of the firm with its corporate and extended environment through high quality disclosures. The originality of this paper is in the fact that it is the first to specifically examine the relationship between outside directors and community disclosures in annual reports. The paper contributes both to the corporate governance and community disclosure literature.
NAVIER-STOKES SOLVER FOR SUPERSONIC FLOWS

Two-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations consist of continuity, momentum and energy equations. These coupled equations must be solved simultaneously. The values of density, two velocity components, pressure and temperature are obtained by solving the four equations and considering the assumption of calorically perfect gas. A finite volume based in house solver is developed in C++. The solver is able to solve steady or unsteady and inviscid or laminar compressible flow problems on an unstructured mesh. It uses Van Leer’s Flux Vector Splitting Scheme. It has local time stepping feature for the acceleration of convergence and can run parallel on computers with shared memory architecture. The solver is designed to adapt alternative schemes for better accuracy and computing efficiency. In order to check the accuracy and code implementation, various supersonic benchmark problems are visited. The problems are steady inviscid double wedge, steady viscous flow over a cylinder, unsteady inviscid Sod’s problem and unsteady inviscid forward facing step flow. The obtained results are compared with those available in literature. The comparisons show that the results are promising.
Seroepidemiological investigation of protective antibody titre against FMD virus in bovines of Uttarakhand, India.

Protective antibody titres against FMD in bovine of some districts of Uttarakhand, India were investigated using LPB-ELISA Overall seroprevalence of antibody titre against FMD virus serotypes O, A, and Asia-1 were 71.22, 68.22 and 53.23%, respectively, while in cattle it was 73.01, 69.20 and 53.63% and in buffalo it was 68.01, 66.46 and 52.80%, respectively. In male bovines, seroprevalence of antibody titre was 76.92, 71.15 and 51.92%, respectively, for serotype O, A and Asia-1, while in females it was 70.48, 67.82 and 53.52%, respectively. Among different age groups, maximum seroprevalence of protective antibody titre was found in 3 to <5yrs. Seroprevalence of antibody titre were highest in Udham Singh Nagar (91.75%) followed by Dehradun (70.00%), Nainital (53.33%) and Almora (36.00%) for serotype O. Similar patterns were found for serotype A and Asia-1 also.
Career Facilitators and Barriers of Arab Women Senior Executives

This study aims to assess the perceived facilitators and barriers of high profile Arab women executives throughout their careers. A questionnaire was administered to 99 women executives from Kuwait, Tunisia and Sudan. These countries capture some of the diversity of women’s opportunities and challenges in the Arab region. The findings of the three samples were essentially similar and generally support Western findings barring the impact of patriarchy. The main career facilitators were self-efficacy, hard work and social support. The main barriers were lack of culture-fit and exclusion from networks. Compared to Western findings, the present sample assigned more importance to lack of culture-fit and less importance to work/family conflict and lack of mentoring as barriers. The findings were discussed within the Arab sociopolitical context. Given the scarcity of research on the careers of Arab women and paucity of Arab research with regional perspective, the value added of this research is addressing the literature gap.
An Analysis of the Effects of Photovoltaic Energy Systems on Residential Selling Prices in California.

An Analysis of the Effects of Residential Photovoltaic Energy Systems on Home Sales Prices in California 1 Ben Hoen 2 , Pete Cappers and Ryan Wiser Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Mark Thayer San Diego State University April 2011 This work was supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Solar Energy Technologies Program) of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Contract No. DEK-8883050, and by the Clean Energy States Alliance. Corresponding authors: Ben Hoen, LBNL, 20 Sawmill Road, Milan, NY 12571, bhoen@lbl.gov; and Ryan Wiser, LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mailstop 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720, rhwiser@lbl.gov.
A Tale of Three Perspectives

Many researchers who use same-source data face concerns about common method variance (CMV). Although post hoc statistical detection and correction techniques for CMV have been proposed, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding their efficacy. Because of disagreement among scholars regarding the likelihood and nature of CMV in self-report data, the current study evaluates three post hoc strategies and the strategy of doing nothing within three sets of assumptions about CMV: that CMV does not exist, that CMV exists and has equal effects across constructs, and that CMV exists and has unequal effects across constructs. The implications of using each strategy within each of the three assumptions are examined empirically using 691,200 simulated data sets varying factors such as the amount of true variance and the amount and nature of CMV modeled. Based on analyses of these data, potential benefits and likely risks of using the different techniques are detailed.
The pathological findings of Rhodococcus equi infection and its diagnosis with immunoperoxidase technique in foals

Twelve foals with difficulty in respiration that have died during spring-summer months between 2003-2006 years were necropsied. On necropsy, pneumonia was detected in all of the foals. In 5 animals, caseo-necrotic nodules were seen in the lungs. In histopathological examination, purulent bronchopneumonia was noticed. In immunohistochemical staining, Rhodococus equi antigens were determined in the cytoplasm of macrophages and occasionally in neutrophils in lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes by immunoperoxidase technique. No lesions were detected in the intestines confirming that this form of infection is rare compared to the lung form. In the present study, R. equi was microbiologically isolated only in two cases. In conclusion, R. equi infection was diagnosed in all of the twelve cases, and estimated to be the reason of pneumonia in the foals. It was also shown that immunoperoxidase technique can be successfully used for R. equi infection in the field.
Four sites with contrasting environmental stress in southeastern Brazil: relations of species, life form diversity, and geographic distribution to ecophysiological parameters

Some ecophysiological parameters related to plant performance and fitness (carbon and nitrogen isotope composition and total C and N concentrations in situ chlorophyll fluorescence measurements) were determined for over 30 species in four habitats bordering the montane Atlantic rain forest of Brazil, along a gradient of altitude and rainfall: a dry coastal forest, two areas of sandy coastal plain vegetation (restingas), and a high altitude campo. There was a considerable diversity of ecophysiological behaviour within and between the functional groups we created based on plant life-forms. For instance, both crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and C3species were found in most life-forms sampled and throughout all habitats. Despite the variation in rainfall regimes, average overall water-use efficiency was similar between sites, particularly for C3species, while no clear pattern regarding nitrogen-use emerged in this respect. Acute and chronic photoinhibition were found in many species across this gradient, even in CAM plants. However, on average, chronic photoinhibition and lower energy dissipation capacity were more characteristic of plants from the restinga habitats. This suggests that, although plants colonizing these habitats have evolved features to deal with water shortage, adaptation to high light levels has not been fully achieved yet. The ecophysiological performance of some individual species in distinct habitats and in distinct microhabitats within habitats is also discussed.
The Management of SMEs' Human Capital from the Perspective of SECI Model: A Case Study in the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) Status Companies in Malaysia

With the commencement of the Ninth Malaysian Five-year Plan (9MP) in 2007, Malaysia now has thirteen (13) years in which to achieve Vision 2020. The next questions to address are as follows: - “Is Malaysia on the right track to become a developed nation by the end of the next decade? Are Malaysians really ready for this, and what will happen in the years ahead? ” The National Vision Policy (NVP) and Ninth Malaysian Plan (9MP) are entrusted to build on the success of its predecessor and set the pace for the country to be fully developed by the year 2020. In this regard, the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) status companies consisting mostly the small and medium enterprise (SMEs) are now considered as the growth engine for making the Sixth Challenge of Vision 2020 into a reality. Here, their knowledge workers and/or human capital have been highlighted as the most important asset for these companies. Thus, this paper provides an understanding of how best to manage them
LO G-TERM GROWTH DETERMI A TS OF YOU G BUSI ESSES I GERMA Y – THE EFFECTS OF REGIO AL CO CE TRATIO A D SPECIALISATIO

This paper explores how different levels of regional concentration and specialisation affect the longterm growth of young firms. The sample consists of knowledge-intensive and non-knowledgeintensive West German manufacturing firms which were established in 1992 and managed to survive for 11 years. The paper examines the combined effect of regional, industrial and firmspecific determinants. The analysis of the concentration and specialisation factors takes into account the industrial and technological dimensions and the regional availability of human capital. With regard to the measures of concentration, a location in an industrial or technological agglomeration slightly reduces the growth rate of start-ups. The same negative, but stronger, effect can be observed Anne Otto, Dirk Fornahl Long-Term Growth Determinants of Young Businesses in Germany – The Effects of Regional Concentration and Specialisation 2 for measures of competition. Furthermore, our results suggest that start-ups exhibit higher growth rates, the more highly specialised the region is in which they are located. JEL classification codes: R11, L25, R12, O30
ASSESSMENT OF EC8 PROCEDURES FOR THE ASYNCHRONOUS EXCITATION OF BRIDGES BASED ON NUMERICAL ANALYSES AND RECORDED DATA

The significance of the spatial variability of earthquake ground motion SVEGM is recognized by all modern seismic codes (EC8, AASHTO, ATC, JRA) but it is only EC8 that provides a clear, though simplified, methodology to account for asynchronous motion for de- sign purposes. Currently, two amendments of the EC8 methodology have been proposed by Sextos & Kappos (2009) and Nuti & Vanzi (2009) both aiming to improve the applicability and robustness of the EC8 simplified procedure. In the present study, the above EC8 frame- work is comparatively assessed in the light of actual, low-amplitude measurements obtained along the Evripos cable stayed bridge. A permanent accelerometer special array of 43 sen- sors was installed on the bridge in 1994 by the Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering. Since then, the bridge's behavior to seismic excitations has been continuously monitored. A reliable numerical model was first developed and was updated to match the monitored response given the available free-field recordings. Subsequently, various (synchronous and asynchronous) seismic scenarios were developed to identify the impact of ground motion spatial variation on the action effects of the bridge using the 7/9/1999, Athens earthquake (Ms=5.9) records. The results indicate that spatial variability of earthquake ground motion has generally a favorable effect on the Evripos bridge response, primarily due to the significant flexibility of its deck. It is also concluded that the Eurocode 8 simplified method, being essentially a pseudo-static loading is inable to capture the salient features of dynamic response under multiple-support excitation.