Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On topological rigidity of projective foliations Bulletin

— Let us denote by X(n) the space of degree n G N foliations of the complex projective plane CP(2) which leave invariant the line at infinity. We prove that for each n > 2 there exists an open dense subset Rig(n) C X{n) such that any topologically trivial analytic deformation {J^t}t^ of an element FQ £ Rig(n), with J~t € ^{n}, for all t € D, is analytically trivial. This is an improvement of a remarkable result of Ilyashenko. Other generalizations of these results are given as well as a description of the class of nonrigid foliations. RESUME. — SUR LA RIGIDITE TOPOLOGIQUE DES FEUILLETAGES PROJECTIFS. Nous designons par X(n) Pespace des feuilletages de degre n G N du plan projectif complexe qui laissent invariante la droite de 1'infini. Nous demontrons que, pour chaque n > 2, il existe un sous-ensemble ouvert et dense Rig(n) C X(n) tel que toute deformation analytique et topologiquement triviale {^t}t^B d'un element J^Q 6 Rig(n), avec Tt € X{n) pour tout t € B, est analytiquement triviale. Cela ameliore un resultat remarquable de Ilyashenko. On donne aussi d'autres generalisations de ces resultats ainsi qu'une description de la classe des feuilletages non rigides. Introduction Let Fol(M) denote the set of singular (holomorphic) foliations on a complex manifold M. An analytic deformation of T is an analytic family {^t}t^Y of foliations on M, with parameters on an analytic space V, such that there exists a point o G Y with ^o = J-'. For reasons of simplicity we will only consider deformations where the germ of analytic space (V, 6} is (D, 0) where D C C is the unitary disk and 0 € C is the origin. (*) Texte recu Ie 30 septembre 1997, revise Ie 13 mars 1998, accepte Ie 15 avril 1998. Work partially supported by PRONEX-Dynamical Systems. A.L. NETO, P. SAD, B. SCARDUA, Institute de Matematica Pura e Aplicada, Estrada D. Castorina, 110 Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 22460-320 (Brazil). E-mail : alcides@impa.br, sad@impa.br, scardua@impa.br. AMS classification : 32L30.
Drainage capture and discharge variations driven by glaciation in the Southern Alps, New Zealand

Sediment flux in proglacial fluvial settings is primarily controlled by discharge, which usually varies predictably over a glacial–interglacial cycle. However, glaciers can flow against the topographic gradient to cross drainage divides, reshaping fluvial drainage networks and dramatically altering discharge. In turn, these variations in discharge will be recorded by proglacial stratigraphy. Glacial-drainage capture often occurs in alpine environments where ice caps straddle range divides, and more subtly where shallow drainage divides cross valley floors. We investigate discharge variations resulting from glacial-drainage capture over the past 40 k.y. for the adjacent Ashburton, Rangitata, and Rakaia basins in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. Although glacial-drainage capture has previously been inferred in the range, our numerical glacier model provides the first quantitative demonstration that this process drives larger variations in discharge for a longer duration than those that occur due to climate change alone. During the Last Glacial Maximum, the effective drainage area of the Ashburton catchment increased to 160% of the interglacial value with drainage capture, driving an increase in discharge exceeding that resulting from glacier recession. Glacial-drainage capture is distinct from traditional (base level–driven) drainage capture and is often unrecognized in proglacial deposits, complicating interpretation of the sedimentary record of climate change.
Effect of Nanoparticles on Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

: Wheat is an important cereal crop for food security. Boosting the wheat production and productivity is the major challenge across the nation. Good quality of seed is required for maintaining optimum plant stand which ultimately increases grain yield. Ensuring a good germination is one of the key steps to ensure proper plant stand and moisture assurance during seed germination may help to speed up the germination. The tiny size of nanoparticles may help in entry of water into seed without disturbing their internal structure. Considering above, a laboratory experiment was conducted during 2012-13 at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. The completely randomized design was used for statistical analysis. The experiment was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the appropriate concentration of nanoparticles for seed treatment was screened. In second phase seed soaking hours of nanoparticles for better seed germination were standardized. Wheat variety UP2526 was taken as test crop. Four nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZnO, nickel and chitosan) were taken for study. The crop germination studies were done in petri dishes and standard package and practices were used to raise the seedlings. The germination studies were done by following standard procedure. In first phase of the experiment, seeds were treated with 50 and 300 ppm of nanoparticles and control was also maintained for comparison. In the second phase of experiment, seeds were soaked for 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours with 50 ppm nanoparticles of TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZnO, nickel and chitosan along with control treatment to identify the soaking time for better seed germination. Experiment revealed that the application of nanoparticles help to enhance seed germination. The study revealed that seed treatment with&nbsp; nanoparticles at 50 ppm concentration increases root length, shoot length, seedling length, shoot dry weight, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index I and seedling vigour index II as compared to seed soaking at 300 ppm concentration. This experiment showed that seed soaking up to 4 hr was better as compared to 6 and 8 hrs. Seed soaking with nanoparticles specially TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZnO, and chitosan proved to enhance germination and seedling growth indices of wheat crop.
Psychosocial Consequences of Natural Disasters in Developing Countries : What Does Past Research Tell Us About the Potential Effects of the 2004 Tsunami ?

 Purpose. This fact sheet presents a review of the empirical research on the mental health consequences of natural disasters, with a focus on findings for disasters that occurred in the developing world. Findings for human-caused disasters are not included in this summary. First, I describe the characteristics of the studies that have been conducted to date and summarize the range and magnitude of the effects that have been observed in the samples, often by comparing results for developing countries to those for developed countries. Then, I discuss the experiential, demographic, and psychosocial factors that most often have influenced individual-level outcomes across these studies. All articles reviewed were quantitative in method and published, in English, between 1981 and 2004.  The Data. As part of a larger database on disaster research, data were available for 121 distinct samples composed of 52,061 individuals who experienced 62 different natural disasters around the world.
Analysis and Ground Test of Aerothermal Effects on Spherical Capsule Geometries

A review is presented of ground test experiments of a 146-mm spherical capsule model with forebody and aftbody symmetry plane measurements of heating and pressure for a range of enthalpies and Reynolds numbers to obtain a dataset of fundamental validation data for CFD codes and to develop a database for design-of-experiment of future studies. Comparisons with laminar experiments are made using CFD demonstrating the influence of thermochemical non-equilibrium on the aerodynamic and aerothermal character of the body. For laminar flows in nitrogen up to 10MJ/kg, the good agreement with available measurements suggests that the description of the chemical and thermal activity of the gas is adequate. Analysis of the forebody heating found that a catalytic recombination probability of 0.002 to 0.010 was required to match the measured heat flux. For laminar flows in air up to 14 MJ/kg, some significant differences between CFD and measurements highlight the inadequacy of the current chemical and thermal models to predict the state of the gas after the rapid expansion in the nozzle. Analysis of forebody heating in these cases found that catalytic recombination probability near 1.0 was required to match measured heat flux, suggesting that potentially some type of excitation may be involved that is not properly modeled. Finally, the non-equilibrium excitation may be collision related as limited evidence suggests that the phenomenon becomes more benign as the number of collisions increases.
The Economic Effects of Human Rights

Economists are often skeptical concerning the economic effects of various forms of human rights: it has been argued that basic human rights can make the legal system less efficient but also that extensive social rights are incompatible with market economies. It is argued here that basic human rights are a precondition for other kinds of rights such as property and civil rights and that they are thus efficiency-enhancing. Four different groups of rights are identified. It is asked what effects they have on welfare and growth. The transmission channels through which the different rights affect welfare and growth are identified by estimating their effects on investment in both physical and human capital and overall productivity. Basic human rights have indeed a positive effect on investment, but do not seem to contribute to productivity. Social or emancipatory rights, in turn, are not conducive to investment in physical capital but do contribute to productivity improvements. None of the four groups of rights ever has a significant negative effect on any of the economic variables here included.
Computer Applications as Mediators of Design and Use-A Developmental Perspective

The present report constitutes together with 21 submitted papers the author's doctor's dissertation. This dissertation summarizes an understanding of computers as the materials that we shape in design, on the one hand, and the artifacts that we use, in work and other everyday activities on the other. The presented work is primarily methodological and design-oriented, i.e. it is concerned with changing computer applications and with understanding them as changing and as part of change.
Meeting Sickle Cell patients' unmet needs with eHealth tools: a preliminary study

Background: Sickle cell disease is the most prevalent inherited blood disorder in the world. It can lead to many life-threatening chronic issues and comorbidities. The prevalence of the disease is more important in developing countries. In developed countries, self-help solutions for chronic patients are rising and are increasingly used. E-Health tools become companions for selfmanaging patients. Problem: The use of mobile applications to support the selfmanagement of chronic diseases has proved to improve the quality of life of patients. We try to identify the opportunities for people with Sickle Cell disease created by the use of such tools and investigate what are the patients’ main concerns. Method: We have performed a literature review to under-stand the main challenges of the disease. Additionally, we sent a questionnaire to patients to identify their needs. Finally we researched how the potential use of eHealth tools and Information and Communication Technologies based solutions could resolve some issues. Results: The literature review has shown a low number of contributions but these studies had mainly positive outcomes. The results of the questionnaire have shown a significant dissatisfaction from patients about the health care system taking care of them. Patients' responses also showed their will to improve their general knowledge about the disease and their interest in using e-Health tools for improving their quality of life.
Bethe subalgebras in affine Birman–Murakami–Wenzl algebras and flat connections for q-KZ equations

Commutative sets of Jucys–Murphy elements for affine braid groups of A ( 1 ) , B ( 1 ) , C ( 1 ) , D ( 1 ) types were defined. Construction of R-matrix representations of the affine braid group of type C ( 1 ) and its distinguished commutative subgroup generated by the C ( 1 ) -type Jucys–Murphy elements are given. We describe a general method to produce flat connections for the two-boundary quantum Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations as necessary conditions for Sklyanin's type transfer matrix associated with the two-boundary multicomponent Zamolodchikov algebra to be invariant under the action of the C ( 1 ) -type Jucys–Murphy elements. We specify our general construction to the case of the Birman–Murakami–Wenzl algebras (BMW algebras for short). As an application we suggest a baxterization of the Dunkl–Cherednik elements Y ′ s in the double affine Hecke algebra of type A.
Standardization of Hall Thruster Efficiency Analysis: Methodology and Historical Perspective

Abstract : The rocket power efficiency equation was analytically decomposed to explicitly account for the effects of energy conversion losses, plume divergence, and the velocity distribution function of the propellant jet. In this approach, thruster efficiency is the product of (1) energy efficiency and (2) propellant utilization efficiency. Energy efficiency is expressed as the product of voltage utilization efficiency and current utilization efficiency, and incorporates losses from Joule heating, radiation, and ionization processes. Energy efficiency contains no information about the vector properties of the jet. Propellant utilization efficiency incorporates losses from plume divergence and ion jet composition, and is unity for 100% ionization to a single ion species whose velocity vectors are directed along the thrust axis. The efficiency architecture is derived from first principles and is applicable to all propulsion employing electrostatic acceleration, including Hall thrusters and ion engines. The analysis is compared to past methodologies and is illustrated with thrust and far-field plume measurements of a laboratory Hall thruster.
Bridging Different Eras in Sports

Abstract This article addresses the problem of comparing abilities of players from different eras in professional sports. We study National Hockey League players, professional golfers, and Major League Baseball players from the perspectives of home run hitting and hitting for average. Within each sport, the careers of the players overlap to some extent. This network of overlaps, or bridges, is used to compare players whose careers took place in different eras. The goal is not to judge players relative to their contemporaries, but rather to compare all players directly. Hence the model that we use is a statistical time machine. We use additive models to estimate the innate ability of players, the effects of aging on performance, and the relative difficulty of each year within a sport. We measure each of these effects separated from the others. We use hierarchical models to model the distribution of players and specify separate distributions for each decade, thus allowing the “talent pool” within each sport.
An inverse modeling method to assess the source term of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident using gamma dose rate observations

Abstract. The Chernobyl nuclear accident, and more recently the Fukushima accident, highlighted that the largest source of error on consequences assessment is the source term, including the time evolution of the release rate and its distribution between radioisotopes. Inverse modeling methods, which combine environmental measurements and atmospheric dispersion models, have proven efficient in assessing source term due to an accidental situation (Gudiksen, 1989; Krysta and Bocquet, 2007; Stohl et al., 2012a; Winiarek et al., 2012). Most existing approaches are designed to use air sampling measurements (Winiarek et al., 2012) and some of them also use deposition measurements (Stohl et al., 2012a; Winiarek et al., 2014). Some studies have been performed to use dose rate measurements (Duranova et al., 1999; Astrup et al., 2004; Drews et al., 2004; Tsiouri et al., 2012) but none of the developed methods were carried out to assess the complex source term of a real accident situation like the Fukushima accident. However, dose rate measurements are generated by the most widespread measurement system, and in the event of a nuclear accident, these data constitute the main source of measurements of the plume and radioactive fallout during releases. This paper proposes a method to use dose rate measurements as part of an inverse modeling approach to assess source terms. The method is proven efficient and reliable when applied to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FD-NPP). The emissions for the eight main isotopes 133 Xe, 134 Cs, 136 Cs, 137 Cs, 137m Ba, 131 I, 132 I and 132 Te have been assessed. Accordingly, 105.9 PBq of 131 I, 35.8 PBq of 132 I, 15.5 PBq of 137 Cs and 12 134 PBq of noble gases were released. The events at FD-NPP (such as venting, explosions, etc.) known to have caused atmospheric releases are well identified in the retrieved source term. The estimated source term is validated by comparing simulations of atmospheric dispersion and deposition with environmental observations. In total, it was found that for 80% of the measurements, simulated and observed dose rates agreed within a factor of 2. Changes in dose rates over time have been overall properly reconstructed, especially in the most contaminated areas to the northwest and south of the FD-NPP. A comparison with observed atmospheric activity concentration and surface deposition shows that the emissions of caesiums and 131 I are realistic but that 132 I and 132 Te are probably underestimated and noble gases are likely overestimated. Finally, an important outcome of this study is that the method proved to be perfectly suited to emergency management and could contribute to improve emergency response in the event of a nuclear accident.
Fighting Corruption When Existing Corruption-Control Levels Count: What Do Wealth-Effects Tell Us in Africa?

Why are some nations more effective at battling corruption than others? Are there different determinants in the fight against corruption across developing nations? How do wealth effects play-out when existing corruption-control levels matter in the corruption battle? To investigate these concerns we examine the determinants of corruption-control throughout the conditional distribution of the fight against corruption. The following broad findings are established. (1) Population growth is a (an) tool (impediment) in (to) the fight against corruption in Low (Middle) income countries. (2) Democracy increases (decreases) corruption-control in Middle (Low) income countries. As a policy implication, blanket corruption-control strategies are unlikely to succeed equally across countries with different income-levels and political wills in the fight against corruption. Thus to be effective, corruption policies should be contingent on the prevailing levels of corruption-control and income-bracket.
GRB 980425 host : [C II], [O I], and CO lines reveal recent enhancement of star formation due to atomic gas inflow

Context. Accretion of gas from the intergalactic medium is required to fuel star formation in galaxies. We have recently suggested that this process can be studied using host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Aims: Our aim is to test this possibility by studying in detail the properties of gas in the closest galaxy hosting a GRB (980425). Methods: We obtained the first ever far-infrared (FIR) line observations of a GRB host, namely Herschel/PACS resolved [C II] 158 μm and [O I] 63 μm spectroscopy, and an APEX/SHeFI CO(2-1) line detection and ALMA CO(1-0) observations of the GRB 980425 host. Results: The GRB 980425 host has elevated [C II]/FIR and [O I]/FIR ratios and higher values of star formation rates (SFR) derived from line ([C II], [O I], Hα) than from continuum (UV, IR, radio) indicators. [C II] emission exhibits a normal morphology, peaking at the galaxy centre, whereas [O I] is concentrated close to the GRB position and the nearby Wolf-Rayet region. The high [O I] flux indicates that there is high radiation field and high gas density at these positions, as derived from modelling of photo-dissociation regions. The [C II]/CO luminosity ratio of the GRB 980425 host is close to the highest values found for local star-forming galaxies. Indeed, its CO-derived molecular gas mass is low given its SFR and metallicity, but the [C II]-derived molecular gas mass is close to the expected value. Conclusions: The [O I] and H I concentrations and the high radiation field and density close to the GRB position are consistent with the hypothesis of a very recent (at most a few tens of Myr ago) inflow of atomic gas triggering star formation. In this scenario dust has not had time to build up (explaining high line-to-continuum ratios). Such a recent enhancement of star formation activity would indeed manifest itself in high SFRline/SFRcontinuum ratios because the line indicators are sensitive only to recent (≲10 Myr) activity, whereas the continuum indicators measure the SFR averaged over much longer periods ( 100 Myr). Within a sample of 32 other GRB hosts, 20 exhibit SFRline/SFRcontinuum> 1 with a mean ratio of 1.74 ± 0.32. This is consistent with a very recent enhancement of star formation that is common among GRB hosts, so galaxies that have recently experienced inflow of gas may preferentially host stars exploding as GRBs. Therefore GRBs may be used to select a unique sample of galaxies that is suitable for the investigation of recent gas accretion. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.
A psychotropic drug use study among depression patients attending private psychiatric practitioners of Dehradun, Uttarakhand -

Background: Drug use studies are beneficial in clinical practice for rational prescribing of drugs and helpful for minimizing the medication errors. Objectives: The present study investigates the prescribing pattern of various antidepressants among private practitioners of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in a private psychiatric unit at Dehradun. A total of 196 prescriptions were analyzed using World Health Organization drug use indicators and National Essential Medicine List (NEML) 2013. Results: Among 196 prescriptions, 54.08% were for females and 45.92% were for males. Depression was more commonly seen in patients in aged 31–50 years. Depression was more common among housewives (28.06%) and in married (52.04%) people. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (39.17%) were the most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants followed by serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (33.33%). Fluoxetine and escitalopram were the most commonly prescribed SSRIs. Alprazolam (59.33%) was most commonly prescribed benzodiazepine class followed by lorazepam (16.0%) for comorbid anxiety symptoms. Among patients, 18.48% antipsychotics were prescribed to patients; olanzapine and risperidone (atypical antipsychotics) were the most commonly prescribed. Trihexyphenidyl was the most common anticholinergic prescribed. The average number of drugs per prescription in our study was 3.03 with 55.39% drugs prescribed from the NEML 2013. Conclusion: Fluoxetine and escitalopram were the most commonly used SSRIs. SSRIs are preferred over other antidepressants because of their relative lesser side effects. Polypharmacy was observed with benzodiazepines as frequent coprescription.