Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Some Nonparametric Tests for Change-point Detection in Possibly Multivariate Observations

July 24, 2015 Type Package Title Some Nonparametric Tests for Change-Point Detection in Possibly Multivariate Observations Version 0.1-6 Date 2015-07-23 Author Ivan Kojadinovic Maintainer Ivan Kojadinovic <ivan.kojadinovic@univ-pau.fr> Imports stats Suggests copula Description Provides nonparametric tests for assessing whether possibly serially dependent univariate or multivariate observations have the same c.d. f. or not. In addition to tests focusing directly on the c.d. f. , the package contains tests designed to be particularly sensitive to changes in the underlying copula, Spearman's rho or certain quantities that can be estimated using one-sample U-statistics of order two such as the variance, Gini's mean difference or Kendall's tau. The latest addition is a nonparametric test for detecting changes in the distribution of independent block maxima. License GPL (>= 3) | file LICENCE LazyLoad yes Encoding UTF-8 NeedsCompilation yes Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2015-07-24 08:41:09
Information Technology and Switching Costs Abstract Switching costs, the real or perceived cost of changing product providers, has become increasingly important in information-intensive businesses. Reduced search and transactions costs have made it possible for customers to more readily evaluate alt

Switching costs, the real or perceived cost of changing product providers, has become increasingly important in information-intensive businesses. Reduced search and transactions costs have made it possible for customers to more readily evaluate alternative suppliers, increasing switching. At the same time, the high fixed cost structure of customer acquisition and operations in information-intensive businesses increases the impact of customer switching on profitability. Fortunately, the increasing availability of information and better decision technology has enabled firms to have greater understanding and control over switching costs, raising the ability of firms to manage switching costs. This paper presents a formal definition of switching costs, surveys the literature on information technology and switching costs, and discusses various ways firms may use to influence consumer switching costs. A framework for managing switching costs and customer retention is also provided along with a measurement framework for estimating the extent of customer lock-in.
ÖRGÜTSEL İLETİŞİM VE İŞ TATMİNİ DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: BİR ÖZEL HASTANE ÖRNEĞİ

Bu calismanin amaci hastane calisanlarinin orgutsel iletisim ve is tatmini duzeylerini analiz etmek, orgutsel iletisim ve is tatmini duzeylerinin bazi demografik ozelliklere gore farklilik gosterip gostermedigini belirlemek ve orgutsel iletisim ve is tatmini arasindaki iliskileri incelemektir. Arastirma Kahramanmaras’ta bir ozel hastanede 05.12. 2016-17.12. 2016 tarihleri arasinda 92 calisan uzerinde yapilmistir. Veri analizinde tek yonlu varyans analizi, korelasyon ve regresyon yontemleri kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda orgutsel iletisim ortalamasi 3,75; is tatmini ortalamasi 3,26 olarak bulunmustur. Is tatmin duzeyi ile yas, egitim durumu gibi bazi demografik faktorler arasinda anlamli bir farklilik tespit edilmistir. Arastirmada orgutsel iletisim ile is tatmini arasinda iliski oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir. Ayrica orgutsel iletisimin bazi boyutlarinin is tatmin duzeyini etkiledigi gozlemlenmistir.
Improving Optical-See-Through Experience through Corneal Imaging

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) found their way into various areas of our lives. AR and VR applications greatly benefit from a high degree of immersion that includes consistent visualization and intuitive interaction with the virtual content. Head-mounted displays (HMDs), in particular optical-see-through (OST) HMDs, provide a natural interface for the presentation of AR. However, despite greatly improved design and years of research on OST-HMDs and AR, current systems still suffer from a variety of problems, such as complicated interaction, color inconsistencies and manual calibration. We expect that with further development of OST-HMDs, eye-tracking cameras will become an integral part of the device. Existing methods in eye detection use either eye features, e.g., the contour of the iris, or reflection of known light sources, commonly infra-red (IR) light emitting diodes (LEDs), to recover the position of the eye. Although the latter allow for high accuracy their use is limited to indoor scenarios and requires an accurate geometric calibration of the LEDs relative to the camera. This also limits their use to headworn or stationary systems. Under natural illumination the extraction of the light sources is a complicated task and user experience suffers from the intrusiveness of the artificial illumination. We propose to use corneal imaging (CI), the analysis of the corneal reflection of the observed scene under natural illumination, to estimate the pose of the eye. We show how the estimated position can be applied to improve the AR experience in OST-HMDs and enable gaze-based interaction with out-ofreach AR and VR content. OST-HMD calibration determines the spatial relation between the scene camera of the HMD and a first-person view camera that models the user’s perception to correctly align virtual content and the real scene. We introduce Corneal Imaging Calibration (CIC), an automated calibration approach for OST-HMDs. The method does not require user interaction and can detect drift of the HMD. Furthermore, it does not require the detection of the iris contour or the eye pose, a requirement of previous automated methods. This improves the robustness in environments where the iris contour cannot be detected reliably. We present an in-depth evaluation and discuss possible error sources and drift detection strategies. Interaction with out-of-reach AR and VR content, e.g., projectorand OST-HMD-based AR, requires input through external controllers or voice commands. Eye-gaze based interaction offers a more socially acceptable and natural interaction with such content and has been proposed as part of AR application. We propose a new passive gaze tracking approach based on the estimated position of the eye. Our Hybrid eye-pose estimation does not require IR LEDs commonly used in commercial systems and adopts the approach used by these systems for use with images taken under natural illumination. We show, that our method can estimate the user’s iris size and account for the
Wave Concept in the Theory of Hydrodynamical Dispersion—a Maxwellian Type Approach

A new approach to the modelling of chemical reactors and contactors is discussed. This approach argues that the dispersion should, under most circumstances, be based on Maxwell's, rather than Fick's diffusion law. As a pair of first-order partial differential equations of the hyperbolic type and requiring only inlet conditions, the wave model is more realistic physically, has a much wider range of validity and in many practical cases is simpler mathematically. Only mass transfer problems are considered, but the results apply equally well to the hydrodynamic dispersion of heat. It is explained why the standard dispersion model fails in many practical applications and why the new wave model gives much better results.
Economic Growth in Ghana: An Empirical Investigation

Factors influencing economic growth are relevant to both developed and developing nations. To our knowledge, current literature on the factors influencing Ghana’s economic growth is limited. Therefore, to bridge this gap, this study examines the effect of foreign aid, foreign direct investment, physical capital, inflation, labor force and government expenditure on real GDP growth in Ghana between the years 1980 and 2010. The paper shows that, the long-run economic growth in Ghana is mainly explained through government expenditure, foreign aid, physical capital, inflation and foreign direct investment. In addition, a change in labor force in the short-run does not affect the economic growth in Ghana. It was found that, macroeconomic factors have both positive and negative correlation with gross domestic product. This paper therefore advocate that, government should invest in important projects that would add positive value to the country’s economic growth such project could be aiming, for instance, at improving labor force productivity by setting up a Original Research Article Anthony et al.; AJEBA, 1(4): 1-9, 2016; Article no.AJEBA. 29556 2 strong and high quality research and development sector that will mobilize and take into consideration all researches and to create favorable atmosphere to attract foreign investors. In addition, instead of government relying on foreign aid, it should rather create avenues that would domestically generate revenue.
Sexual Transmission of Disease and Host Mating Systems: Within-Season Reproductive Success

While there is an extensive literature on the evolution of mating systems in animals, little consideration has been given to the possible evolutionary interactions between sexually transmitted pathogens and the mating systems of their hosts. We use individual-based models that incorporate measurable per-contact probabilities of infection and fertilization to show that not only can the presence of sexually transmitted (and sterilizing) pathogen have significant effects on optimal within-season mating strategies for both males and females. We show that, contrary to expectations, monogamy is not always predicted to be the optimal strategy. The optimal strategy may also often differ between the two sexes, and the optimal strategy will not always be the one that minimizes disease transmission. Similarly, we show that the optimal level of virulence for a sexually transmitted pathogen is a function of the degree of promiscuity of its host. Overall, these results suggest that sexually transmitted diseases can impact host mating behavior, often in nonintuitive directions.
ON ERROR ESTIMATES OF THE PRESSURE-CORRECTION PROJECTION METHODS FOR THE TIME-DEPENDENT NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

In this paper, we present a new pressure-correction projection scheme for solving the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations, which is based on the Crank-Nicolson extrapolation method in the time discretization. Error estimates for the velocity and the pressure of semidiscretized scheme are derived by interpreting the projection scheme as second-order time discretization of a perturbed system which approximates the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.
STELLAR POPULATION VARIATIONS IN THE MILKY WAY's STELLAR HALO

If the stellar halos of disk galaxies are built up from the disruption of dwarf galaxies, models predict highly structured variations in the stellar populations within these halos. We test this prediction by studying the ratio of blue horizontal branch stars (BHB stars; more abundant in old, metal-poor populations) to main-sequence turn-off stars (MSTO stars; a feature of all populations) in the stellar halo of the Milky Way using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We develop and apply an improved technique to select BHB stars using ugr color information alone, yielding a sample of ∼9000 g < 18 candidates where ∼70% of them are BHB stars. We map the BHB/MSTO ratio across ∼1/4 of the sky at the distance resolution permitted by the absolute magnitude distribution of MSTO stars. We find large variations of the BHB/MSTO star ratio in the stellar halo. Previously identified, stream-like halo structures have distinctive BHB/MSTO ratios, indicating different ages/metallicities. Some halo features, e.g., the low-latitude structure, appear to be almost completely devoid of BHB stars, whereas other structures appear to be rich in BHB stars. The Sagittarius tidal stream shows an apparent variation in the BHB/MSTO ratio along its extent, which we interpret in terms of population gradients within the progenitor dwarf galaxy. Our detection of coherent stellar population variations between different stellar halo substructures provides yet more support to cosmologically motivated models for stellar halo growth.
Integración de los cuidados espirituales en estudiantes de enfermería: una propuesta de intervención educativa

Pese a la evidencia empirica que documenta que la atencion espiritual es un elemento indispensable en los cuidados de enfermeria, encontramos poca investigacion sobre la formacion de los profesionales en este campo. Los propios profesionales sanitarios reconocen un gran desconocimiento de la dimension espiritual y senalan la necesidad de una formacion especifica. En respuesta a esta demanda el presente estudio persigue un doble objetivo, por un lado, mejorar la percepcion del personal de enfermeria sobre el cuidado espiritual y, por otro, dotar de recursos y competencias para detectar, explorar y atender las necesidades espirituales del paciente. Para ello, en una primera fase, se ha disenado y aplicado una actividad docente (grupo de discusion y cuestionamiento abierto) sobre la atencion espiritual en la practica de enfermeria utilizando una muestra disponible de estudiantes matriculados en las dos asignaturas vinculadas al proyecto. En una segunda fase se ha valorado la eficacia de la intervencion educativa mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado. Los resultados esperables pondran de manifiesto un cambio positivo en los estudiantes participantes en el estudio en relacion a los conocimientos y competencias sobre el cuidado espiritual ante diferentes situaciones de salud.
Remote Sensing for Monitoring Surface Water Quality in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: The Application for Estimating Chemical Oxygen Demand in River Reaches in Binh Dai, Ben Tre

Surface water resources played a fundamental role in sustainable development of agriculture and aquaculture. In this study, the approach of Artificial Neuron Network was used to estimate and detect spatial changes of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration on optical remote sensing imagery (Landsat 8). Monitoring surface water quality was one of the essential missions especially in the context of increasing freshwater demands and loads of wastewater fluxes. Recently, remote sensing technology has been widely applied in monitoring and mapping water quality at a regional scale, replacing traditional field-based approaches. The study used the Landsat 8 (OLI) imagery as a main data source for estimating the COD concentration in river reaches of the Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, a downstream river network of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The results indicated the significant correlation (R=0.89) between the spectral reflectance values of Landsat 8 and the COD concentration by applying the Artificial Neuron Network approach. In short, the spatial distribution of the COD concentration was found slightly exceeded the national standard for irrigation according to the B1 column of QCVN 08:2015.
MINING STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Data Mining techniques are widely used in educational field to find new hidden patterns from student’s data. The hidden patterns that are discovered can be used to understand the problem arise in the educational field. This paper surveys the three elements needed to make prediction on Students’ Academic Performances which are parameters, methods and tools. This paper also proposes a framework for predicting the performance of first year bachelor students in computer science course. Naive Bayes Classifier is used to extract patterns using the Data Mining Weka tool. The framework can be used as a basis for the system implementation and prediction of Students’ Academic Performance in Higher Learning Institutions.
Tseltal Intonational Prosody

This paper is an initial attempt at a description of an intonational phonology of one understudied language. Tseltal belongs to the Tseltalan branch of the Mayan family, and is spoken by about 280 thousand in southern Mexican state of Chiapas. The data presented here is based on the Petalcingo variant of Tseltal, spoken in the ejido of Petalcingo, municipio Tila. As there is a significant differences between variants of Tseltal spoken in different communities the data presented here does not necessarily apply to other variants.
A Comparison between Methods to Compute Lyapunov Exponents

Lyapunov characteristic exponents measure the rate of exponential divergence between neighboring trajectories in the phase space. For a given autonomous dynamical system, the maximum Lyapunov characteristic exponent (hereafter LCE) is computed from the solution of the variational equations of the system. There are many dynamical systems in which the formulation and solution of the variational equations is a cumbersome task. In those cases an alternative procedure, first introduced by Benettin et al., is to replace the variational solution by computing two neighbor trajectories (the test particle and its shadow) and calculating the mutual distance. In this paper, we deal with a comparison between these two different techniques for the calculation of LCE: the variational method and the two-particle method. We point out a problem that can appear when the two-particle method is used, which can lead to a false estimation of a positive LCE. The explanation of this phenomenon can be analyzed in two different situations: (1) for relatively large initial separations the two-particle method is not a good approximation to the solution of the variational equations, and (2) for small initial separations the two-particle method have problems related to the machine precision, even when the separation can be many order of magnitudes larger than the machine precision. We show some examples of false estimates of the LCE that have already appeared in the literature using the two-particle method, and finally we present some suggestions to be taken into account when this method has to be used.
The Origin of C IV Absorption Systems at Redshifts z < 1: Discovery of Extended C IV Envelopes around Galaxies

We report the discovery of extended C IV gaseous envelopes around galaxies of a wide range of luminosity and morphological type. First, we show that C IV absorption systems are strongly clustered around galaxies on velocity scales of v ≲ 250 km s-1 and impact parameter scales of ρ ≲ 100 h-1 kpc, but not on larger velocity or impact parameter scales. Next, adopting measurements of galaxy properties presented in previous papers (which include B-band luminosity, surface brightness, and disk-to-bulge ratio), we examine how properties of the C IV absorption systems depend on properties of the galaxies. On the basis of 14 galaxy and absorber pairs and 36 galaxies that do not produce corresponding C IV absorption lines to within sensitive upper limits, we find that: (1) Galaxies of a range of morphological type and luminosity appear to possess extended C IV gaseous envelopes of radius R ≈ 100 h-1 kpc, with abrupt boundaries between the C IV absorbing and nonabsorbing regions. (2) The extent of C IV-absorbing gas around galaxies scales with galaxy B-band luminosity as R ∝ L but does not depend strongly on galaxy surface brightness, redshift, or morphological type. (3) The covering factor of C IV clouds within ≈100 h-1 kpc of galaxies is nearly unity, but there is a large scatter in the mean number of clouds encountered along the line of sight. After scaling to the luminosity of an L* galaxy, we find that 13 of 14 galaxies of impact parameter ρ < 100 h-1 kpc are associated with corresponding C IV absorption lines, while only one of 36 galaxies of impact parameter ρ > 100 h-1 kpc are associated with corresponding C IV absorption lines. The most significant implication of the study is that galaxies of a wide range of luminosity and morphological type are surrounded by chemically enriched gas that extends for at least ≈100 h-1 kpc. We consider various scenarios that may have produced metals at large galactic distance and conclude that accreting satellites are most likely to be responsible for chemically enriched gas at large galactic distances to regular-looking galaxies.
$L^{p}$ estimates for the bilinear Hilbert transform for $1/2

M. Lacey and C. Thiele proved in [27] (Annals of Math. (1997)) and [28] (Annals of Math. (1999)) that the bilinear Hilbert transform maps $L^{p_1}\times L^{p_2}\rightarrow L^{p}$ boundedly when $\frac{1}{p_1}+\frac{1}{p_2}=\frac{1}{p}$ with $1<p_{1}, \, p_{2}\leq\infty$ and $\frac{2}{3}<p<\infty$. Whether the $L^p$ estimates hold in the range $p\in (1/2,2/3]$ has remained an open problem since then. In this paper, we prove that the bilinear Hilbert transform does not map $\mathcal{F}L^{p'_{1}}\times L^{p_{2}}\rightarrow L^{p}$ for $p_1<2$ and $L^{p_{1}}\times \mathcal{F}L^{p'_{2}}\rightarrow L^{p}$ for $p_2<2$ boundedly (Theorem 1.2). In particular, this shows that the bilinear Hilbert transform neither maps $\mathcal{F}L^{p'_{1}}\times L^{p_{2}}\rightarrow L^{p}$ nor $L^{p_{1}}\times \mathcal{F}L^{p'_{2}}\rightarrow L^{p}$ for $\frac{1}{2}<p<\frac{2}{3}$. Nevertheless, we can establish $L^p$ estimates for the bilinear Fourier multipliers whose symbols are not identical to but arbitrarily close to that of the bilinear Hilbert transform in the full range $p\in(1/2,\infty)$ (Theorem 1.3).
The effects of local-scale resource heterogeneity on tropical tree communities

Both habitat partitioning and dispersal limitation influence the compositional structure of forest communities, but little is known about the r elative contributions of these two processes, or the roles of different types of environmental varia tion. I used variation partitioning based on canonical redundancy analysis to decompose communit y compositional variation within eight large (24-50 ha) tropical forest plots into fractio ns explained by spatial, soil resource, and topographic variables. All environmental variables together explained 13-39% of compositional variation within a plot, with both soil resources a nd topography accounting for significant and approximately equal variation (9-34% and 5-29%, res pectively). Additionally, a large fraction of variation (19-37%) was spatially structured yet une xplained by the environment, suggesting an important role for dispersal processes. My results, il ustrated using a new graphical depiction of community structure within these plots, demonstrate the importance of small-scale environmental variation in shaping local community structure in diverse tropical forests around the globe. INTRODUCTION A major challenge for community ecology is to under stand the importance of nicheassembly processes in shaping community structure. This is of particular interest in species rich communities such as tropical forests, because niche partitioning is thought to facilitate species coexistence and may therefore play an important rol e in biodiversity maintenance (Chesson 2000, Chave et al. 2002). Evidence for the role of habitat partitioning among tropical forest tree species has been found from local to landscape scal s, nd comes from observed non-random