Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sorani Kurdish person markers and the typology of agreement

Introduction slide 2 • Cross-linguistic tendency for person markers (Corbett 2003,2006): (1) a. agreement ⇔ affixal status b. pronouns ⇔ clitic status • Sorani Kurdish goes against these tendencies in a striking way: – clitics and affixes switch their functions (agreement vs. pronouns) in different constructions • Outline: – Description of SK Person marking – Formal analysis in HPSG+PFM (Pollard and Sag, 1994; Stump, 2001)
Drive-time proximity to Joint Commission Primary Stroke Centers among North Carolina residents who died of stroke.

OBJECTIVE In developing a statewide system of stroke care, understanding the relative availability of acute stroke care at designated centers for stroke care is essential. In this article, we compare the change in availability of acute stroke care in North Carolina at Joint Commission Primary Stroke Centers (JCPSCs) between 2006 and 2008 by examining the drive-time proximity of the residential address to the nearest JCPSC among people who died of stroke. METHODS We assigned geographic coordinates to residential addresses of North Carolinians who died of stroke and to addresses of North Carolina JCPSCs. We calculated the distance within a 40-minute drive from each JCPSC and determined whether the residential addresses of patients who died of stroke were in the areas demarcated by the drive time. In a secondary analysis, we included non-ICPSCs that participate in recognized quality-improvement programs for stroke care. RESULTS In 2006, 37% of geocodable residences of patients who died of stroke (3,834 of 10,469) were within a 40-minute drive from a JCPSC. By the end of 2008, this percentage increased to 56% (3,482 of 6,204). Inclusion of other hospitals that participate in recognized quality-improvement programs for acute stroke care increased the 40-minute drive-time coverage to 82% (5,095 of 6,204). LIMITATIONS As an index of the geographic distribution of the stroke burden, we used deaths due to stroke, rather incident strokes. We included several assumptions in our drive-time calculation. CONCLUSIONS For many regions of North Carolina in which the stroke burden is high, timely care at JCPSCs for acute stroke is unavailable. To develop a statewide system for acute stroke care in North Carolina, criteria beyond JCPSC certification should be considered for designating hospitals as centers for stroke care.
Habitat Use and Life History as Predictors of Bird Responses to Habitat Change

Abstract: In theory the consideration of life‐history characteristics should provide a way of making predictive generalizations about the responses of different species to environmental modification. Nevertheless, few studies have tested the validity of this assumption or attempted to apply it across large numbers of related species. We explored both quantitative and qualitative contrasts between species of waterbirds that have either expanded or contracted their ranges in southern Africa over the past 40 years to test the hypothesis that expansionists and contractionists, respectively, should share life‐history characteristics and/or ecological attributes. Similarities and differences in life history and ecology were explored through multivariate statistics. Overall, life‐history traits provided an inadequate explanation of whether species would be range expansionists or contractionists. By contrast, ecological attributes of species that related to habitat use correlated well with range changes. In particular, waterbird species that inhabit pans seemed to be preadapted to using human‐made dams and impoundments. The ability of many species to use artificial wetlands has aided their westward range expansions into arid regions of southern Africa. By contrast, species that rely on vegetated wetlands and that require reeds for nesting were predisposed to range contraction because their habitats have been severely affected by agricultural development and urbanization. In direct contrast to range expansions, most range contractions were west to east, the eastward contraction reflected the high level of wetland loss and degradation in the eastern lowlands of South Africa. Based on analysis of ecological attributes of regional contractionists, several additional species were identified as of potential conservation concern, although such concern may not as yet have been expressed.
Fluid Status, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

♦ Objective Hypertension, reduced arterial distensibility, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are risk factors for mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, few studies have focused on the relation between fluid status, blood pressure (BP), and cardiovascular abnormalities in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study was designed, first, to assess, using tracer dilution techniques, fluid status in PD patients compared to a control population of stable renal transplant (RTx) patients; second, to study the relation between fluid status, BP, and arterial wall abnormalities; third, to assess the determinants of cardiac structure; and last, to compare office and ambulatory BP measurements with respect to cardiac abnormalities. ♦ Design Cross-sectional study. ♦ Setting Multicenter study. ♦ Patients 41 stable PD patients with a mean Kt/V urea of 2.4 ± 0.7, and 77 stable RTx patients. ♦ Intervention Fluid status was assessed by tracer dilution techniques: extracellular volume (ECV) with bromide dilution; total body water (TBW) with deuterium oxide; and plasma volume (PV) with dextran 70. Echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and relative wall thickness as indicators of LVH. Echography of the common carotid artery was performed to assess arterial distensibility. Both office and 24-hour ambulatory BP measurements were performed. ♦ Results Fluid status, as assessed by ECV corrected for body surface area (BSA) (ECV:BSA), was significantly different between PD and RTx patients (9.4 ± 2.6 vs 8.6 ± 1.2 L/m2, p < 0.05). In 36.6% of the PD patients, ECV:BSA was above the 90th percentile of the RTx patients. Fluid status corrected for BSA, assessed by TBW (TBW:BSA), ECV (ECV:BSA), or plasma volume (PV:BSA), was significantly related to diastolic BP (DBP) (r = 0.35, r = 0.37, r = 0.53; p < 0.05). Arterial distensibility of the common carotid artery was related to systolic BP (SBP) (r = –0.36, p < 0.05). ECV was significantly related to LVEDD (r = 0.41, p < 0.05) as a marker of eccentric LVH, whereas arterial distensibility was related to relative wall thickness (r = –0.53, p < 0.001) as a marker of concentric LVH. An abnormal day–night BP rhythm, which was not related to fluid status, was observed in 68.4% of patients. Ambulatory DBP and SBP but not office DBP and SBP were related to LVM (r = 0.43, r = 0.46; p < 0.01). ♦ Conclusions A large proportion of PD patients whose treatment prescriptions are in accordance with the Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines were found to be overhydrated compared with a population of stable RTx patients. Fluid status was significantly related to DBP and eccentric LVH, whereas arterial distensibility of the common carotid artery was significantly related to SBP and concentric LVH. In contrast to ambulatory BP, office BP was not related to LVM.
MobB protein stimulates nicking at the R1162 origin of transfer by increasing the proportion of complexed plasmid DNA

An essential early step in conjugal mobilization of R1162, nicking of the DNA strand that is subsequently transferred, is carried out in the relaxosome, a complex of two plasmid-encoded proteins and DNA at the origin of transfer (oriT). A third protein, MobB, is also required for efficient mobilization. We show that in the cell this protein increases the proportion of molecules specifically nicked at oriT, resulting in lower yields of covalently closed molecules after alkaline extraction. These nicked molecules largely remain supercoiled, with unwinding presumably constrained by the relaxosome. MobB enhances the sensitivity of the oriT DNA to oxidation by permanganate, indicating that the protein acts by increasing the fraction of complexed molecules. Mutations that significantly reduce the amount of complexed DNA in the cell were isolated. However, plasmids with these mutations were mobilized at nearly the normal frequency, were nicked at a commensurate level, and still required MobB. Our results indicate that the frequency of transfer is determined both by the amount of time each molecule is in the nicked form and by the proportion of complexed molecules in the total population.
STUDENT TEACHERS AS REFLECTIVE PRACTITIONERS: IS THE PORTFOLIO USE AN APPROPRIATE MEASURE FOR REFLECTIVE SKILLS ACQUISITION?

Over the past two decades there have been significant changes in education particularly driven by social, political, economic and ideological influences. These changes are so complex and place many demands on Higher Education Institutions to ensure educational objectives match the educational needs of society. Reflective practices are important more particularly in the education field because educators bring certain beliefs, assumptions, knowledge, attitudes and values to teaching. Educators are influenced by their social environments which have their own unique characteristics, opportunities and constraints. Therefore, reflective practice requires educators to explore the influence of all these complex factors with the intention of understanding and improving their practice. This study attempted to examine to whether reflective skill development has been encouraged among teacher educators through the compilation or development of teaching portfolios. The motivation to do the study stems from the researchers’ experience when marking the portfolios of students during the teaching practice experience. The researchers found it challenging to get the students reflect in the portfolio at a level necessary for meaning learning. The investigation into the effectiveness of portfolios in developing reflective skills was necessary not only for the university but also for the students. The investigation was undertaken by means of a case study approach within a qualitative research paradigm, as we wanted to interpret and understand the students’ experiences in a real-life and specific context. A selfselected sample of 20 students’ written portfolios was used in the study in order to gain in-depth insight into their portfolios as a tool to enhance reflective skills during the teaching practice period. Only the 3rd and final year students (4th years) portfolios were used for the purpose of this study. The findings revealed that the use of portfolios during teaching practice does not fully empower students with reflective skills. Recommendations are made on how portfolios can be improved to enhance reflective practices among students.
Asymmetrical Intraocular Pressures and Asymmetrical Papilloedema in Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome

ABSTRACT This report is of two cases of asymmetrical papilloedema in patients with asymmetrical intraocular pressures (IOPs). The first patient presented with headaches, transient visual obscurations (TVOs), and elevated IOPs, and was found to have increased intracranial pressure caused by a torcula meningioma. He developed papilloedema after his IOPs were pharmacologically lowered; the papilloedema resolved after the IOP became elevated again after stopping his glaucoma drops, and then again returned as the IOP reduced when the drops were restarted. The second patient with a history of Sturge-Weber syndrome requiring previous left trabeculectomy, presented with left-sided TVOs, photopsia, and pulsatile tinnitus caused by idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Asymmetrical papilloedema was observed, worse in the eye with the lower IOP following trabeculectomy. These cases suggest that asymmetric IOP may be one factor that can influence the development of asymmetric papilloedema. Ophthalmologists finding disc swelling at low normal pressures should ask about symptoms of raised ICP, and neuro-ophthalmologists confronted with asymmetrical disc swelling should routinely measure IOP.
Reduced speech perceptual acuity for stop consonants in individuals who stutter.

PURPOSE In individuals who stutter (IWS), speech fluency can be enhanced by altered auditory feedback, although it has adverse effects in control speakers. This indicates abnormalities in the auditory feedback loop in stuttering. Current motor control theories on stuttering propose an impaired processing of internal forward models that might be related to a blurred auditory-to-motor translation. Although speech sound perception is an essential skill to form internal models, perceptual acuity has not been studied in IWS so far. The authors tested the stability of phoneme percepts by analyzing participants' ability to identify voiced and voiceless stop consonants. METHOD Two syllable continua were generated by systematic modification of the voice onset time. The authors determined speech perceptual acuity by means of discriminatory power in 25 IWS and 24 matched control participants by determining the phoneme boundaries and by quantifying the interval of voice onset times for which phonemes were perceived ambiguously. RESULTS In IWS, discriminatory performance was weaker and less stable over time when compared with control participants. In addition, phoneme boundaries were located at longer voice onset times in IWS. CONCLUSION Persistent developmental stuttering is associated with less reliable phonological percepts, supporting current theories regarding the sensory-motor interaction in human speech.
The effect of stabilization exercises on diaphragm muscle thickness and movement in women with low back pain.

BACKGROUND Diaphragm is an important component of spinal stability. In presence of low back pain, there may be some alterations in this muscle like other muscles that are responsible for lumbal stabilization. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the effects of stabilization exercises on diaphragm muscle thickness and motion along with lumbopelvic stability. METHODS Twenty-one women with low back pain participated in the study. Stabilization exercises including motor control training were performed on treatment group (n= 11). In control group (n= 10), strentghening exercises were peformed for back muscles, abdominal muscles and hip muscles. The patients underwent a total of 30 sessions of treatment, 3 days in a week for 10 weeks. The diaphragm muscle thickness and motion was evaluated using ultrasound (US), and lumbopelvic stability was evaluated using lumbopelvic stability tests. RESULTS After the treatment, in the treatment group, increase in diaphragm thickness and improvement in lumbopelvic stability were statically significant (p< 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in diaphragm motion in both groups (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As a result, stabilization exercises increase diaphragm muscle thickness and improve lumbopelvic stability in women with low back pain. Therefore, stabilization exercises should be considered as a part of the treatment program in low back pain.
The Adoption of E-tourism: An Empirical Investigation

Man's desire to discover more, enjoy more and acquire more is an nnquenchable thirst which gives relevance to tourism. The act of food-searching, safety and environmental-friendliness search in animals is naturally consistent; this is applicable to hwnans too and it boosts tourism which involves Customer Reservation Services (CRS), hospitality, airline reservation, car hire reservation and others. E-tourism is a revolution from traditional way of physically present in multiple locations to plan a tour, to achieving mnnerous tour planning tasks with maximwn convenience using ICT. This research is a smvey research, it investigates the acceptance and adoption of e-tourism in Nigeria, adopting the UTAUT! UTAUT2 model and analyzed the gathered data from the questionnaires using Smart PLS 3 to confirm the reliability and validity of the measurement instruments
Review of ongoing initiatives to improve prescribing efficiency in China; angiotensin receptor blockers as a case history

Introduction: Pharmaceutical expenditure is rising by 16% per annum in China and is now 46% of total expenditure. Initiatives to moderate growth include drug pricing regulations and encouraging international non-proprietary name prescribing. However, there is no monitoring of physician prescribing quality and perverse incentives. Objectives: Assess changes in angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) utilization and expenditure as more generics become available; compare findings to Europe. Methodology: Observational retrospective study of ARB utilization and expenditure between 2006 and 2012 in the largest hospital in Chongqing district. Results: Variable and low use of generics versus originators with a maximum of 31% among single ARBs. Similar for fixed dose combinations. Prices typically reduced over time, greatest for generic telmisartan (−54%), mirroring price reductions in some European countries. However, no preferential increase in prescribing of lower cost generics. Accumulated savings of 33 million CNY for this large provider if they adopted European practices. Conclusion: Considerable opportunities to improve prescribing efficiency in China.
[Body weight evolution and classification of body weight in relation to the results of bariatric surgery: roux-en-Y gastric bypass].

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the evolution and classification of body weight in relation to the results of bariatric surgery in women who underwent the procedure more than two years ago. SUBJECTS AND METHOD A total of 141 women underwent banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The participants were divided according to the time elapsed since surgery and the percentage of excess weight lost (%EWL): < 50; 50 upper and lower left quadrants 75; and > 75. RESULTS The women in the group with %EWL < 50 (15.6%) remained obese, while those with %EWL > 75 (36.2%) ranged from normal to pre-obese and presented lower late weight gain than the women in the other groups. CONCLUSION Weight evolution two or more years after surgery showed the expected reductions, with some individuals responding better to surgery than others. This shows that it is necessary to monitor, investigate and intervene to obtain the desired results.
Newborn Body Indices in Housewives and Working Mothers

Objective: This study aimed to compare newborns anthropometric indices of housewives and employed women. Materials and Methods: This case control study compared newborns’ anthropometric indices (weight, length, head circumference) and first minute APGAR between working women and housewives. Two hundred consecutive term pregnant women during active phase of labor without any pregnancy complications were evaluated. For each participant a questionnaire was filled by the researcher. Employed women according to their standing position during work time were divided into three groups: heavy, light and moderate jobs. Results: The mean weight, length and head circumference of the newborns were higher in employed women (p=0.018, p<0.001, p=0.010, respectively). After eliminating effect of the interfering variables by using a general linear model, it was observed that the mother’s job has a direct influence on newborn's length and head circumference. But infant's weight was similar in two groups (p=0.340). The newborn's anthropometric indices and first minute APGAR had not significant difference in subgroups of job difficulty. Conclusion: Maternal job has a direct positive influence on newborn's length and head circumference. But infant's weight is not related to maternal job.
Review of residential PV-storage architectures

This paper focuses on the most common PV-storage architectures that are designed for residential applications and that incorporate storage devices like batteries, hydrogen systems, supercapacitors, and flywheels. The main motivations and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the architectures are presented. Moreover, some common approaches to performing intelligent power management are introduced.
Mechanical ventilation with heated humidifiers: measurements of condensed water mass within the breathing circuit according to ventilatory settings

Heated wire humidifiers (HWHs) are widely used to heat and humidify gases during mechanical ventilation. The control strategy implemented on commercial HWHs, based on maintaining constant gas temperature at the chamber outlet, shows weaknesses: humidifying performances depend on environmental temperature and ventilatory settings, and often condensation occurs. Herein, we analyzed in vitro HWH performances focusing on the condensation amount according to ventilatory settings. We used a physical model to define the parameters which mainly influence the HWH performances. In order to investigate the influence of minute volume (MV) and frequency rate (fr) on condensation, the other influencing parameters were kept constant during experiments, and we introduced a novel approach to estimate the condensation. The method, based on measuring the condensed vapor mass (Δm), provided more objective information than the visual-based scale used in previous studies. Thanks to both the control of other influencing factors and the accurate Δm measures, the investigation showed the Δm increase with MV and fr. Substantial condensation after 7 h of ventilation and the influence of MV and fr on Δm (i.e., Δm = 3 g at MV = 1.5 L min−1 and fr = 8 bpm and Δm = 9.4 g at MV = 8 L min−1 and fr = 20 bpm) confirm the weaknesses of `single-point temperature' control strategies.
The Number of Tourist Arrivals, Governance and Their Impact on Threatened Bird Species: Worldwide Evidence

The number of international tourist arrivals is crucial for the tourism sector. However, there are positive and negative sides of tourism. Unsustainable tourism will result in the destruction of the forest and consequently led to biodiversity loss. The great benefits of forest which is a home for a wide variety of animals and plants which help to stored carbon, preventing the risk of flood and drought to occur, influencing climate change, stabilizing soils as well as providing food and a place for the indigenous people to live. As long as these benefits are being concerned, the role of international community is needed to prevent them from any harm in the future. The government of both the developed and developing nations recognized the importance of sustainable biodiversity for the national ecosystem as well as to the global environment. In this study we also investigate the response of biodiversity loss (measured by the number of threatened bird species on six measures of governance: voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. The OLS outcomes suggest that tourism exhibit positive relationship with biodiversity loss. On the other hand, the six governance indicators suggest that good governance reduces biodiversity loss. Our further analysis using quantile regression estimates suggest that tourism affect positively biodiversity loss for all quantiles (0.05 0.25 0.50 0.75 0.90 0.95); while governance affect negatively biodiversity loss only at certain quartiles. One main policy implication of this study is that sustainable tourism is important to mitigate biodiversity loss, and effort for biodiversity conservation is supported by this study.