Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Media Use and Its Connection to Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Social media are responsible for aggravating mental health problems. This systematic study summarizes the effects of social network usage on mental health. Fifty papers were shortlisted from google scholar databases, and after the application of various inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 papers were chosen and all papers were evaluated for quality. Eight papers were cross-sectional studies, three were longitudinal studies, two were qualitative studies, and others were systematic reviews. Findings were classified into two outcomes of mental health: anxiety and depression. Social media activity such as time spent to have a positive effect on the mental health domain. However, due to the cross-sectional design and methodological limitations of sampling, there are considerable differences. The structure of social media influences on mental health needs to be further analyzed through qualitative research and vertical cohort studies.
Network dynamics of the brain and influence of the epileptic seizure onset zone

Significance In epilepsy, seizures elicit changes in the functional connectivity of the brain that shed insight into the seizures’ nature and onset zone. We investigated the brain connectivity of patients with partial epileptic seizures from continuous multiday recordings and found that (i) the connectivity defines a finite set of brain states, (ii) seizures are characterized by a consistent progression of states, and (iii) the seizure onset zone is isolated from the surrounding regions at seizure onset but becomes most connected toward seizure termination. Our results suggest that a finite-dimensional state space model may characterize the dynamics of the epileptic brain and ultimately help localize the seizure onset zone, which is currently done by clinicians through visual inspection of electrocorticographic recordings. The human brain is a dynamic networked system. Patients with partial epileptic seizures have focal regions that periodically diverge from normal brain network dynamics during seizures. We studied the evolution of brain connectivity before, during, and after seizures with graph-theoretic techniques on continuous electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings (5.4 ± 1.7 d per patient, mean ± SD) from 12 patients with temporal, occipital, or frontal lobe partial onset seizures. Each electrode was considered a node in a graph, and edges between pairs of nodes were weighted by their coherence within a frequency band. The leading eigenvector of the connectivity matrix, which captures network structure, was tracked over time and clustered to uncover a finite set of brain network states. Across patients, we found that (i) the network connectivity is structured and defines a finite set of brain states, (ii) seizures are characterized by a consistent sequence of states, (iii) a subset of nodes is isolated from the network at seizure onset and becomes more connected with the network toward seizure termination, and (iv) the isolated nodes may identify the seizure onset zone with high specificity and sensitivity. To localize a seizure, clinicians visually inspect seizures recorded from multiple intracranial electrode contacts, a time-consuming process that may not always result in definitive localization. We show that network metrics computed from all ECoG channels capture the dynamics of the seizure onset zone as it diverges from normal overall network structure. This suggests that a state space model can be used to help localize the seizure onset zone in ECoG recordings.
Social Anxiety in Online and Real-Life Interaction and Their Associated Factors

Social anxiety was compared between online and real-life interaction in a sample of 2,348 college students. Severity of social anxiety in both real-life and online interaction was tested for associations with depression, Internet addiction, Internet activity type (gaming versus chatting), and scores on Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)/Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scales. The results showed that social anxiety was lower when interacting online than when interacting offline. Depression, Internet addiction, and high BIS and BAS scores were associated with high social anxiety. The social anxiety decreased more in online interaction among subjects with high social anxiety, depression, BIS, and BAS. This result suggests that the Internet has good potential as an alternative medium for delivering interventions for social anxiety. Further, the effect of BIS on social anxiety is decreased in online interaction. More attention should be paid for BIS when the treatment for social anxiety is delivered online.
Benefits of Pharmacogenetics in the Management of Hypertension

Introduction: Hypertension, suffered by 35% of the population, stands out as the main risk factor for cardiovascular disorders with the highest death rate worldwide. Only a small number of patients with hypertension gets efficient control over blood pressure (BP) with appropriate drug therapy. Pharmacogenetics, as a tool to identify antihypertensive therapeutic response-associated polymorphisms, could help to reduce this problem. Objectives: We present here an epidemiological study of the prevalence of hypertension and its pharmacological treatment to demonstrate the error rate that physicians can commit when the patient´s pharmacogenetic profile is unknown. Method: The sample consisted of 1115 individuals of which 332 met criteria for hypertension. We recorded each patient´s drug prescription prior to their visit to EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, and analyzed their pharmacogenetic profile. Results: About 30% of patients were hypertensive, of whom only 40.4% were receiving an active ingredient for hypertension control. Among them, CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C9 were the major metabolizing enzymes. Antagonists of angiotensin II receptors, followed by calcium-blocking agents and beta-adrenergic antagonists were the most commonly-prescribed drug categories. However, 61% of hypertensive patients were not taking suitable antihypertensive agents for their metabolism according to their genetic idiosyncrasy. Furthermore, the highest error rate was determined for CYP2C9. Conclusion: The introduction of changes in the management of hypertension in the Spanish population could be useful to promote the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure in a more efficient way. The integration of pharmacogenetic testing into routine clinical procedures could optimize the therapeutic response, guiding the physician in the choice of the correct antihypertensive drug and the correct dose. The control of BP arises as an area of particular interest in assessing the validity and utility of pharmacogenetic testing/intervention.
Detecting LDoS Attacks based on Abnormal Network Traffic

By sending periodically short bursts of traffic to reduce legit transmission control protocol (TCP) traffic, the low-rate denial of service (LDoS) attacks are hard to be detected and may endanger covertly a network for a long period. Traditionally, LDoS detecting methods mainly concentrate on the attack stream with feature matching, and only a limited number of attack patterns can be detected off-line with high cost. Recent researches divert focus from the attack stream to the traffic anomalies induced by LDoS attacks, which can detect more kinds of attacks with higher efficiency. However, the limited number of abnormal characteristics and the inadequacy of judgment rules may cause wrong decision in some particular situations. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting LDoS attacks and present a scheme based on the fluctuant features of legit TCP and acknowledgment (ACK) traffic. In the scheme, we define judgment criteria which used to identify LDoS attacks in real time at an optimal detection cost. We evaluate the performance of our strategy in real-world network topologies. Simulations results clearly demonstrate the superiority of the method proposed in detecting LDoS attacks.
Heart failure and regenerative cardiology.

Annarosa Leri1, Toru Hosoda1, Jan Kajstura1 & Piero Anversa2† †Author for correspondence 1Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY 10595, USA 2Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Vosburgh Pavilion, Room 302, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY 10595, USA Tel. : +1 914 594 4168; Fax: +1 914 594 4406; E-mail: piero_anversa@ nymc.edu ‘The bizarre behavior of hematopoietic stem cells has surprised and distressed many of us; they disobey the dogma of embryonic specification and with elegant and plastic arabesques undergo unexpected metamorphoses. ’
Development of anomalous rectification (Ih) and of a tetrodotoxin‐resistant sodium current in embryonic quail neurones.

1. The developmental expression of an inwardly rectifying current activated by membrane hyperpolarization (Ih) and of a tetrodotoxin (TTX)‐resistant Na+ current (INa(TR)) was studied using freshly dissociated ganglionic quail neurones of various embryonic ages. This work was carried out on parasympathetic (ciliary) and sensory (trigeminal and dorsal root) ganglion neurones with the whole‐cell configuration of the patch‐clamp technique. 2. In sensory and parasympathetic neurones, Ih was activated at potentials more negative than ‐60 mV and displayed strong inward rectification. No sign of time‐ or voltage‐dependent inactivation was apparent. Ih was carried by both Na+ and K+ ions and was selectively and reversibly blocked by extracellular Cs+. 3. During the development of sensory neurones, Ih was observed for the first time between embryonic day 10 (E10) and E11 and the percentage of neurones expressing the current increased subsequently, reaching a plateau level of about 80% at E14. In the parasympathetic neurones of the ciliary ganglion, Ih was already detected at E10 and the percentage of neurones possessing the current increased until E16, a stage at which all neurones were found to express Ih. 4. In the presence of TTX (1 microM), an inward Na+ current, INa(TR), was recorded in sensory neurones after E12. This current was activated at potentials more depolarized than ‐30 mV and its amplitude was maximal at +5 mV. INa(TR) showed time‐ and voltage‐dependent inactivation. Half‐maximal steady‐state inactivation was observed at ‐40 mV. 5. INa(TR) was observed for the first time after E12 in sensory neurones and the percentage of neurones with INa(TR) increased until E14. Thereafter, 80% of the neurones had the current. In contrast, INa(TR) was never observed in the parasympathetic neurones of the ciliary ganglion during embryonic development. 6. Our results with parasympathetic and sensory neurones suggest that the expression of INa(TR) is linked to the phenotype and not to the embryonic origin of a neurone.
Axial filament involvement in the motility of Leptospira interrogans

Motility mutants of Leptospira interrogans serovar illini were isolated and analyzed by dark-field and electron microscopy. Mutants were obtained by screening for small colonies after nitrosoguanidine treatment. One class of mutants did not have hook- or spiral-shaped ends. In addition, the axial filaments from these mutants were not coiled. An analysis of revertants of two of the mutants in this class indicated that the mutations were pleiotropic with respect to motility, hook- and spiral-shaped ends, and axial filament coiling. We conclude that the axial filaments and the hook- and spiral-shaped ends are involved in L. interrogans motility.
Essex Finance Centre Working Paper Series Working Paper No 24 : 10-2017 Monetary Policy and Corporate Bond Returns “

We investigate the impact of monetary policy shocks (the surprise change in the Fed Funds rate (FFR)) on excess corporate bonds returns. We obtain a significant negative response of bond returns to FFR shocks. This effect is especially strong in the period before the 200709 financial crisis and for bonds with longer maturity and lower rating. We show that the largest portion of this response is related to higher expected excess bond returns, especially term premia news. Therefore, the discount-rate channel represents an important mechanism through which monetary policy affects corporate bonds. However, the financial crisis has attenuated this effect.
Requirements for Binding and Signaling of the Kinase Domain Receptor for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor*

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a dimeric hormone that controls much of vascular development through binding and activation of its kinase domain receptor (KDR). We produced analogs of VEGF that show it has two receptor-binding sites which are located near the poles of the dimer and straddle the interface between subunits. Deletion experiments in KDR indicate that of the seven IgG-like domains in the extracellular domain, only domains 2–3 are needed for tight binding of VEGF. Monomeric forms of the extracellular domain of KDR bind ∼100 times weaker than dimeric forms showing a strong avidity component for binding of VEGF to predimerized forms of the receptor. Based upon these structure-function studies and a mechanism in which receptor dimerization is critical for signaling, we constructed a receptor antagonist in the form of a heterodimer of VEGF that contained one functional and one non-functional site. These studies establish a functional foundation for the design of VEGF analogs, mimics, and antagonists.
Metaphysics, Mind, and Mental Science

L'A. distingue, dans la ligne de Strawson, metaphysique descriptive et metaphysique prescriptive. Quine serait purement descriptif. L'A. discute des liens entre theorie de l'esprit (theory of mind) et metaphysique a partir de cette distinction. Il discute notamment de la nature de l'ontologie naive (folk ontology) qui est impliquee par cette theorie de l'esprit
Title : Spatially varying selection shapes life history clines among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from sub-Saharan Africa

Clines in life history traits, presumably driven by spatially varying selection, are widespread. Major latitudinal clines have been observed, for example, in Drosophila melanogaster, an ancestrally tropical insect from Africa that has colonized temperate habitats on multiple continents. Yet, how geographic factors other than latitude, such as altitude or longitude, affect life history in this species remains poorly understood. Moreover, most previous work has been performed on derived European, American and Australian populations, but whether life history also varies predictably with geography in the ancestral Afro-tropical range has not been investigated systematically. Here, we have examined life history variation among populations of D. melanogaster from sub-Saharan Africa. Viability and reproductive diapause did not vary with geography, but body size increased with altitude, latitude and longitude. Early fecundity covaried positively with altitude and latitude, whereas lifespan showed the opposite trend. Examination of genetic variance-covariance matrices revealed geographic differentiation also in trade-off structure, and QST-FST analysis showed that life history differentiation among populations is likely shaped by selection. Together, our results suggest that geographic and/or climatic factors drive adaptive phenotypic differentiation among ancestral African populations and confirm the widely held notion that latitude and altitude represent parallel gradients.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTH PARASITES IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN BANKURA DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

Animal Science Section, Regional Research Station, Terai Zone, Directorate of Research, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. Animal Science Section, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. Department of Veterinary Parasitology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding author. e-mail: drnonigopal@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Parasitic infestation is a major constraint of livestock and causes great economic loss to animal husbandry by the way of retarded growth, low productivity and increased susceptibility of animals to other infections. In view of the parasitism, the present study was aimed to elucidate the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites in cattle and buffaloes in Bankura district, West Bengal. A total of 1200 fecal samples (200 samples/ species/season) were collected directly from the farmers’ end in three different seasons namely winter, summer and rainy seasons. The stool samples were examined initially by direct smear followed by sedimentation and floatation techniques within 24h of collection. All three major parasites i.e. nematode (Toxocara, Strongyloides, Strongyle and Trichuris), cestode ( Moniezia) and trematode (Paramphistomes and Fasciola) were observed and analyzed based on the morphology of eggs. The degree of incidence was superior in buffaloes compared to the cattle irrespective of the seasonal variations. The rainy season showed the highest degree of parasitic occurrence (67.00%) compared to winter (52.25) and summer (38.75%) seasons. The study of species-wise incidence demonstrated a highest peak of Paramphistomes (32.17%) where very few samples were positive for Trichuris sp. (2.42%). Among the sub-divisions, Bishnupur represented the maximum occurrence of helminth parasites (62.05%) as compared to Bankura sadar (58.47%) and Khatra (40.16%). Significantly (P<0.05) higher percent of trematode and nematodes were prevalent in Bishnupur though the same observation was manifested for cestodal infection in Khatra. It can be concluded that a favorable hot and humid condition during rainy season favors the growth of propagation of developmental stages which would be the reason of peak prevalence. It can also be focused that a micro level agro-climatic disparity may lead to the variation within the study sites.
Adolescents and firearms: a California statewide survey.

OBJECTIVES We assessed the prevalence and correlates of adolescents' reports regarding firearms in their homes, of their own, of close friends, and of same-aged peers. METHODS Random-digit-dialed interviews were conducted with 5801 adolescents as part of the California Health Interview Survey. RESULTS One fifth (19.6%) of California adolescents reported having a firearm in their homes; few (3.0%) reported having their own gun. Characteristics associated with having one's own gun and with perceptions regarding others' guns generally were consistent with characteristics associated with having a firearm in the home. The 2 exceptions were related to socioeconomic status and to ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS The source from which adolescents obtain guns, especially adolescents from less wealthy households, merits further investigation. Further research is needed to ascertain the accuracy of Black and Latino adolescents' perceptions regarding handguns among their peers.
Educación femenina en Colombia, 1780-1880

En los diarios y autobiografias de quienes vivieron durante el siglo pasado y principios del presente, con frecuencia se encuentran alusiones a la instruccion recibida de la madre. Otro antioqueno, Jaime Mejia Mejia relata como en una finca cerca de Pereira, tambien en el decenio de 1860:
Violence against elderly people: characterization of the data reported by the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN)

Introduction: Violence against the elderly person can be any act, single or repetitive, or omission, that causes harm or discomfort and reduces the quality of life of the elderly. Objective: To identify the demographic characteristics of elderly victims of violence, notified by the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN) in the municipality of Porto Nacional - TO in the year 2014, to characterize the most reported forms of violence, the place of occurrence, the means of aggression and the relationship with the victim. Method: This is an epidemiological, descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The survey was conducted through reports issued by SINAN in Porto Nacional. The study population consisted of 130 reports of violence. Data collection took place in April. The data were released with the help of Excel tables and analyzed through BioEstat 5.0. Result: It was possible to identify that the majority of the elderly were males, with a mean age of 78.3 years, of brown color, who had schooling, married/stable union, retired and had no physical or mental disabilities. In relation to the type of violence suffered by the elderly, physical violence had more notifications. The place of occurrence was in the elderly’s own houses and the relation between aggressor and victim was unknown. Conclusion: The results found in this study evidenced the importance of notifying all the cases and it is suggested a protocol of attendance to people in situation of violence for all the professionals that compose the networks of care, among these, primary care, hospitals, social action department and public prosecutor's office, which could facilitate the identification of signs of violence.
Atomic clusters: Building blocks for a class of solids.

Atomic clusters with suitable size and composition can be designed to mimic the chemistry of atoms in the Periodic Table. These clusters which can be viewed as ``super atoms`` could then form the building blocks for a class of solids with unique structural, electronic, optical, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties. Using density-functional calculations, we outline the design principles for these clusters and describe the role of geometry and electronic shell structure on cluster-cluster interaction.
Mechanisms involved in protection provided by immunization against core lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli J5 from lethal Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infections in swine

In an investigation of the potential protective effects of immunity against common lipopolysaccharide core antigens of gram-negative bacteria during a severe gram-negative infection in the natural host, we induced Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infections in weanling pigs immunized with a vaccine of an Rc mutant of Escherichia coli (strain J5). To help define the mechanism involved in J5-mediated protection, we compared the clinical, hematologic, bacteriologic, and serologic responses following an H. pleuropneumoniae infection in J5-immunized pigs with those following an H. pleuropneumoniae infection in nonimmunized control animals. As a result of an intranasal inoculation, all of the control animals and the J5-immunized animals were infected with H. pleuropneumoniae. However, while 80% (4 of 5) of the nonimmunized pigs died within 24 h as a result of the infection, no deaths occurred in the J5-immunized animals. In the immunized group, J5 titers dropped during the acute stages of the infection and rebounded to well above the prechallenge levels during convalescence. The J5 titer also increased in the single surviving control animal. These findings suggest that antibodies against common subsurface components of gram-negative bacterial cell walls correlate with protection from an otherwise lethal challenge of H. pleuropneumoniae but do not prevent infection. Important growth-phase-dependent antigenic changes have been recognized to occur during the growth of H. pleuropneumoniae in cultures (R. Nielson, Nord. Veterinaermed. 28:337-348, 1976). In a study of these changes and during an inquiry into the mechanism of J5 antibody-mediated protection, measured quantities of H. pleuropneumoniae were removed from a broth culture at hourly intervals and used to absorb hyperimmune equine J5 antiserum. Significantly greater amounts of J5-specific antibodies were absorbed during the log phase of bacterial growth than during the early or late phase. The availability of epitopes recognized by J5 antibodies appears to be closely related to the rate of bacterial multiplication. The results of these experiments suggest a mechanism of protection provided by increased immunity to E. coli J5 during gram-negative infections.