Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age-associated changes in function, structure and mitochondrial genetic and enzymatic abnormalities in the Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F(1) hybrid rat heart.

We hypothesized that cardiac aging in the rat involves mitochondrial genetic damage and mitochondrial enzymatic dysfunction of individual cardiomyocytes as has been demonstrated previously only in primate myocardium. Myocardium from Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F(1)hybrid rats of ages 5, 18 and 36-38 months was examined for mitochondrial genetic and enzymatic abnormalities. In-vivo hemodynamic measurements revealed age-related changes of left ventricular function while histological evaluation demonstrated an increase in percent area fibrosis from 7%+/-5 in the 5-month-old hearts to 38%+/-2 in the subendocardium of the left ventricle of 38-month-old rats. Mitochondrial genomes lacking 8000 to 9000 bp of primary sequence were detected in tissue homogenates from right and left ventricular myocardium and the abundance of these deleted genomes increased with age. In-situ histochemical staining of serial cryomicrotome sections of myocardial tissue revealed individual cardiomyocytes displaying abnormal, primarily absent, activities of cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase. The area density of histochemically-abnormal cardiomyocytes increased from 0.05 per mm(2)to 0.3 per mm(2)between 5 and 36-38 months of age in the left ventricle, and they were localized primarily to the left ventricular subendocardium. The presence of age-related mitochondrial genetic and enzymatic abnormalities in the Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F(1)hybrid rat heart suggests the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, secondary to mtDNA mutations, in age-related cardiomyocyte loss and subsequent cardiac aging.
Evaluation of economic effects and the health and performance of the general cattle population after exposure to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus in a starter feedlot.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate economic effects and health and performance of the general cattle population after exposure to cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a feedlot. ANIMALS 21,743 high-risk calves from the southeastern United States. PROCEDURES PI status was determined by use of an antigen-capture ELISA (ACE) and confirmed by use of a second ACE, reverse transcriptase-PCR assay of sera, immunohistochemical analysis, and virus isolation from sera. Groups with various amounts of exposure to BVDV PI cattle were used. After being placed in the feedlot, identified PI cattle were removed from 1 section, but PI cattle remained in another section of the feedlot. Exposure groups for cattle lots arriving without PI animals were determined by spatial association to cattle lots, with PI animals remaining or removed from the lot. RESULTS 15,348 cattle maintained their exposure group. Performance outcomes improved slightly among the 5 exposure groups as the risk for exposure to BVDV PI cattle decreased. Health outcomes had an association with exposure risk that depended on the exposure group. Comparing cattle lots with direct exposure with those without direct exposure revealed significant improvements in all performance outcomes and in first relapse percentage and mortality percentage in the health outcomes. Economic analysis revealed that fatalities accounted for losses of $5.26/animal and performance losses were $88.26/animal. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provided evidence that exposure of the general population of feedlot cattle to BVDV PI animals resulted in substantial costs attributable to negative effects on performance and increased fatalities.
Multikultural : Wacana Pendidikan Islam Yang Belum Baku

Education aimed at shaping attitudes and behavior towards the civilized man. An education system that only emphasizes the transfer of knowledge, making education is no longer meaningful and a positive effect on learners. Education is not touching the side of humanism that develops an attitude of pluralism as a foundation of multiculturalism‟s thought. Model of religious education would only create only godly individually. Understanding multiculturalism has become a commodity in politics that will continue to roll in the realm of national education including Islamic religious education which is an integral part of the national education system. The government‟s policy regarding the application of curriculum which necessitates the provision of education oriented to potential of regional and local cultural values. This policy can not be separated from the awareness of the figures and leaders of this country that the Indonesian nation is very diverse and heterogeneous. Therefore, it is impossible to build this country withot considering of the values of plurality and multicultural in society
Face Deidentification with Generative Deep Neural Networks

Face deidentification is an active topic amongst privacy and security researchers. Early deidentification methods relying on image blurring or pixelization were replaced in recent years with techniques based on formal anonymity models that provide privacy guaranties and at the same time aim at retaining certain characteristics of the data even after deidentification. The latter aspect is particularly important, as it allows to exploit the deidentified data in applications for which identity information is irrelevant. In this work we present a novel face deidentification pipeline, which ensures anonymity by synthesizing artificial surrogate faces using generative neural networks (GNNs). The generated faces are used to deidentify subjects in images or video, while preserving non-identity-related aspects of the data and consequently enabling data utilization. Since generative networks are very adaptive and can utilize a diverse set of parameters (pertaining to the appearance of the generated output in terms of facial expressions, gender, race, etc.), they represent a natural choice for the problem of face deidentification. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we perform experiments using automated recognition tools and human annotators. Our results show that the recognition performance on deidentified images is close to chance, suggesting that the deidentification process based on GNNs is highly effective.
The TGF-β pathway is activated by 5-fluorouracil treatment in drug resistant colorectal carcinoma cells

TGF-β pathway is generally associated with the processes of metastasis, angiogenesis and EMT in cancer. Very little is known, however, about the role of TGF-β in cancer drug resistance. In this work, we show a specific activation of the TGF-β pathway in consequence of chemotherapeutic treatment in in vivo and in vitro models of colorectal carcinoma. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) was able to stimulate the activation of SMAD3 and the transcription of specific genes such as ACVRL1, FN1 and TGFB1. On the other hand, the specific inhibition of TGF-βRI was able to repress the 5FU-induced genes transcription and to restore the sensitivity of chemoresistant cells to the toxic action of the drug, by decreasing the expression of BCL2L1 and ID1 genes. The role of the TGF-β molecule in the chemoresistant colon carcinoma cells' response to 5FU was further demonstrated by conditioned medium (CM) experiments: CM from 5FU-treated chemoresistant cells was able to protect chemosensitive cells against the toxic action of 5FU. In conclusion, these findings showed the pivotal role of TGF-β pathway in colon cancer mechanisms of drug resistance suggesting new possible approaches in diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer patients.
Cholesterol-Independent Suppression of Lymphocyte Activation, Autoimmunity, and Glomerulonephritis by Apolipoprotein A-I in Normocholesterolemic Lupus-Prone Mice

Apolipoprotein (Apo)A-I, the major lipid-binding protein of high-density lipoprotein, can prevent autoimmunity and suppress inflammation in hypercholesterolemic mice by attenuating lymphocyte cholesterol accumulation and removing tissue-oxidized lipids. However, whether ApoA-I mediates immune-suppressive or anti-inflammatory effects under normocholesterolemic conditions and the mechanisms involved remain unresolved. We transferred bone marrow from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-prone Sle123 mice into normal, ApoA-I–knockout (ApoA-I−/−) and ApoA-I–transgenic (ApoA-Itg) mice. Increased ApoA-I in ApoA-Itg mice suppressed CD4+ T and B cell activation without changing lymphocyte cholesterol levels or reducing major ApoA-I–binding oxidized fatty acids. Unexpectedly, oxidized fatty acid peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ ligands 13- and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid were increased in lymphocytes of autoimmune ApoA-Itg mice. ApoA-I reduced Th1 cells independently of changes in CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells or CD11c+ dendritic cell activation and migration. Follicular helper T cells, germinal center B cells, and autoantibodies were also lower in ApoA-Itg mice. Transgenic ApoA-I also improved SLE-mediated glomerulonephritis. However, ApoA-I deficiency did not have the opposite effects on autoimmunity or glomerulonephritis, possibly as the result of compensatory increases in ApoE on high-density lipoprotein. We conclude that, although compensatory mechanisms prevent the proinflammatory effects of ApoA-I deficiency in normocholesterolemic mice, increasing ApoA-I can attenuate lymphocyte activation and autoimmunity in SLE independently of cholesterol transport, possibly through oxidized fatty acid peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligands, and it can reduce renal inflammation in glomerulonephritis.
Managing Fisheries for Food Security: Implications from Demand Analysis

We estimate elasticities of demand for fish, categorized by their origin (inland capture, marine capture, and aquaculture), for poor and non-poor households in Bangladesh and analyze implications for food security and fisheries management. Demand for fish from all sources and by all households increases with income. Elasticities of demand for aquacultured and inland-captured fish are higher for poor households than non-poor. Technological progress has driven reduction in the real price of farmed fish. Effective management of all fish sources is important for food security, but increasing supply from aquaculture and inland capture fisheries will have the most significant effects.
The Effects of Survey Mode and Asking About Future Intentions on Self-Reports of Colorectal Cancer Screening

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are often ascertained via self-reports but can be subject to overreporting bias. Asking about intention to get screened before asking about past screening may minimize overreporting of cancer screening. In a statewide survey conducted from July through October of 2005, we embedded an experiment that tested the effect of question ordering (asking about future intention to get screened before or after asking about past screening; “future first” and “future second,” respectively), crossed with survey mode (mail versus telephone), on CRC screening rates. Weighted analysis focused on 752 respondents who were ages 50 years or older. We found (a) that asking about future intentions to get screened before asking about past screening (future first) statistically significantly lowers reports of past CRC screening [70.9% future second versus 58.0% future first; odds ratio (OR), 1.83; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.08-3.13]; (b) that there was no main effect of survey mode; and (c) that the effect of the ordering of the future intentions item varies by survey mode. In the mailed survey, the odds of reporting past CRC screening were almost thrice greater in the future second condition compared with the future first condition (72.4% versus 49.0%, respectively; OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.22-6.17). In the telephone condition, the odds of reporting were only 28% higher in the future second (69.5%) condition than in the future first condition (63.9%; OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.64-2.57). The results suggest that asking about future intentions to get screened before the actual behavior elicits lower, and arguably more truthful reports of CRC screening but mainly in mailed surveys. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(4):785–90)
Therapeutic adherence and competence scales for Developmentally Adapted Cognitive Processing Therapy for adolescents with PTSD

Background The assessment of therapeutic adherence and competence is often neglected in psychotherapy research, particularly in children and adolescents; however, both variables are crucial for the interpretation of treatment effects. Objective Our aim was to develop, adapt, and pilot two scales to assess therapeutic adherence and competence in a recent innovative program, Developmentally Adapted Cognitive Processing Therapy (D-CPT), for adolescents suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childhood abuse. Method Two independent raters assessed 30 randomly selected sessions involving 12 D-CPT patients (age 13–20 years, M age=16.75, 91.67% female) treated by 11 therapists within the pilot phase of a multicenter study. Results Three experts confirmed the relevance and appropriateness of each item. All items and total scores for adherence (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC]=0.76–1.00) and competence (ICC=0.78–0.98) yielded good to excellent inter-rater reliability. Cronbach's alpha was 0.59 for the adherence scale and 0.96 for the competence scale. Conclusions The scales reliably assess adherence and competence in D-CPT for adolescent PTSD patients. The ratings can be helpful in the interpretation of treatment effects, the assessment of mediator variables, and the identification and training of therapeutic skills that are central to achieving good treatment outcomes. Both adherence and competence will be assessed as possible predictor variables for treatment success in future D-CPT trials.
Reduced Severity of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in Kittens Recovered in 28% Oxygen

ABSTRACT: Chronic hypoxemia adversely affects the retinopathy observed in kittens after a hyperoxic exposure (80% oxygen) in the 1st wk of life. To test the converse hypothesis, 55 kittens were randomly assigned to recover in room air (21%) or 28% inspired oxygen after a 65-h hyperoxic exposure. At 4 wk of age, the retinopathy was found to be less severe in the 28% recovered kittens, severity score 3.0 ± 3.3 (mean ± SD), than in the room air recovered animals, severity score 5.7 ± 3.3, p < 0.01. This finding suggests that the clinical practice of restricted oxygenation in premature infants warrants reevaluation.
Better Innovators or More Innovators? Managerial Overconfidence and Corporate R&D

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of chief executive officers' overconfidence on corporate research and development (R&D). We analyze a sample of 766 firms from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands between 2008 and 2013. We use 3 measures of managerial overconfidence: the press coverage of chief executive officers, his/her age, and his/her experience in the industry. Our results show that the firms run by overconfident managers actually invest more in R&D expenditures, even after controlling for country, industry, and time factors. Overconfident managers not only spend more on R&D but also amplify the effect of financial determinants of R&D such as firm liquidity or profitability. Nevertheless, overconfident managers do not invest efficiently in R&D, and these expenditures can negatively affect the value of the firm.
Nutritional strategies to influence adaptations to training

This article highlights new nutritional concerns or practices that may influence the adaptation to training. The discussion is based on the assumption that the adaptation to repeated bouts of training occurs during recovery periods and that if one can train harder, the adaptation will be greater. The goal is to maximize with nutrition the recovery/adaptation that occurs in all rest periods, such that recovery before the next training session is complete. Four issues have been identified where recent scientific information will force sports nutritionists to embrace new issues and reassess old issues and, ultimately, alter the nutritional recommendations they give to athletes. These are: (1) caffeine ingestion; (2) creatine ingestion; (3) the use of intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) as a fuel during exercise and the nutritional effects on IMTG repletion following exercise; and (4) the role nutrition may play in regulating the expression of genes during and after exercise training sessions. Recent findings suggest that low doses of caffeine exert significant ergogenic effects by directly affecting the central nervous system during exercise. Caffeine can cross the blood–brain barrier and antagonize the effects of adenosine, resulting in higher concentrations of stimulatory neurotransmitters. These new data strengthen the case for using low doses of caffeine during training. On the other hand, the data on the role that supplemental creatine ingestion plays in augmenting the increase in skeletal muscle mass and strength during resistance training remain equivocal. Some studies are able to demonstrate increases in muscle fibre size with creatine ingestion and some are not. The final two nutritional topics are new and have not progressed to the point that we can specifically identify strategies to enhance the adaptation to training. However, it is likely that nutritional strategies will be needed to replenish the IMTG that is used during endurance exercise. It is not presently clear whether the IMTG store is chronically reduced when engaging in daily sessions of endurance training or if this impacts negatively on the ability to train. It is also likely that the increased interest in gene and protein expression measurements will lead to nutritional strategies to optimize the adaptations that occur in skeletal muscle during and after exercise training sessions. Research in these areas in the coming years will lead to strategies designed to improve the adaptive response to training.
Agricultural Input Decisions in the Presence of Complementarities: A Rational Inattention Model

This paper investigates an empirical puzzle in technology adoption: the observation that farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa who have successfully adopted modern agricultural inputs on their farms tend to spread synergistic inputs across plots rather than combining them. Existing theories are unable to account for this behavior, because they focus on explaining adoption decisions of individual inputs and abstract from the complexity of these decisions in the presence of complementarities. This paper proposes a novel explanation that is based on a rational inattention channel. In the model, combining modern inputs offers potential synergy effects, but cultivation practices have to be adapted to specific field and seasonal conditions in order to achieve optimal outcomes. By devoting attention to their plots, farmers can reduce uncertainty about optimal practices and thereby increase the expected return of joint input use. I show that taking into account a limited attentional capacity can explain why farmers may rationally decide not to combine complementary inputs on the same plots or abstain from adopting profitable inputs altogether. The identified mechanism is in line with evidence on the limits of human cognition and generates testable predictions that coincide well with empirical patterns in agricultural input use.
The Effect of Public Debt on Economic Growth in Kenya

x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.1.1 Public Debt. 4 1.1.3 Public Debt and Economic Growth . 5 1.1. 4 Public Debt level and Economic Growth in Kenya . 7 1.2 Research Problem . 9 1.3 Research Objective of the Study . 11 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 13 2.
The efficacy of an intervention for the management of postpartum fatigue.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention, Wide Awake Parenting (WAP), to decrease symptoms of postnatal fatigue. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. SETTING Local government areas within the Australian state of Victoria. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and two mothers were randomly allocated to either the professionally-led telephone support intervention (n = 63), self-directed written intervention (n = 67), or waitlist control (n = 72). METHODS The professionally-led group received a workbook, home visit, and three telephone support calls. The self-directed written group received the workbook only, and the control group received usual health care services. Primary outcomes were symptoms of fatigue, depression, anxiety and stress, and health care beliefs and behaviors. Mothers were followed up at 2- and 6-weeks postintervention. RESULTS Mothers in the professionally-led group reported fewer symptoms of fatigue than mothers in the control condition at 6 weeks postintervention. Mothers in either intervention had more positive attitudes toward their health- and self-care behaviors at postintervention and follow-up. Mothers in the professionally-led intervention reported fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress than mothers in the other conditions at postintervention. CONCLUSION Wide Awake Parenting is effective in promoting mothers' self-efficacy to prioritize, plan for, and engage in health and self-care behaviors to promote mental health and manage fatigue. Implications and future opportunities for WAP are discussed.
Posttraumatic Symptom Structure Across Age Groups

The applicability of diagnostic criteria of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder to the pediatric population has been a focus of much debate (e.g., Carrion, Weems, Ray, & Reiss, 2002), informing changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5). The current study examined the factor structure of posttraumatic distress among adult versus pediatric samples using confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis was performed on the DSM–IV-adherent Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (Foa, Cashman, Jaycox, & Perry, 1997) and Child Posttraumatic Symptom Scale (Foa, Johnson, Feeny, & Treadwell, 2001). The sample included 378 adult and 204 child and adolescent victims of diverse single-event traumas. A series of models based on previous findings and DSM–IV specification were evaluated. A 4-factor model (Intrusions, Avoidance, Dysphoria, and Hyperarousal), similar to the DSM–5 model, best fit the data among adults, and a different 4-factor model (Intrusion, Avodiance, Numbing, and Hyperarousal) best fit the data among children and adolescents. Despite some similarity, the posttraumatic symptom profiles of pediatric and adult samples may differ. These differences are not fully incorporated into the DSM–5, and warrant further examination.
Economic impacts of tourism in protected areas of Brazil

ABSTRACT Protected areas (PAs) are globally considered as a key strategy for biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem services. Economic impact analyses generate quantifiable estimates of the tourism interdependencies which provide a tangible understanding of effects on local and regional economies. Federal PAs of Brazil are the object of the research based on the Money Generation Model2 (MGM2) methodology along with modifications to address particular issues in a developing country context. The significance of this research is to assist managers, inform policy-makers, conservation and commercial stakeholders, local communities, and the public at large of the value that PAs serve for conservation as well as engines for benefit-sharing. Results identified that each dollar Brazil invested in the PA system produced $7 in economic benefits. Also, the total economic contributions generated more than $1.3 billion in total sales, $342 million in personal income, $473 million in value added to the GDP, and supported 43,602 jobs nationally. The study reinforced the view that economic impacts of tourism influences PAs as well as indirectly to other businesses and the local communities.