Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting and Marketing Chain of Ginger in Salyan District, Nepal

Ginger is the potential high value sub-sector in Nepal for small scale farmers’ livelihoods. In this context, this research was conducted in 2016 to analyze value chain of ginger sub-sector in Salyan district of Nepal. Dadagaun and Tharmare VDCs of Salyan were purposively selected for the study. Primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire for household survey as well as focus group discussion (FGD), key informant interview (KII) and rapid market appraisal (RMA) survey were used. Household level cross-sectional data from 140 households (70 from Dadagaun and 70 from Tharmare VDC) were sampled using simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, and value chain analysis were used to analyse data. Average land under ginger cultivation was 1.62 ropani which was higher in Dadagaun (2.17 ropani) than Tharmare (1.07 ropani) and found statistically significance different at 1 percent level. The average marginal cost of fresh ginger was NRs. 12.15/kg. Local traders were the major market actor influencing the price of ginger and bargaining power as the major factor whereas farmers were seemed weaker in the value chain due to low bargaining power with lack of market information. Huge marketing margin (NRs. 94/kg) and low producers share (14.55%) showed that there was no strong linkage between the producers and traders. This study revealed that ginger value chain analysis in the study area found very unstructured and poor strengthening of business enabling environment, unorganized functional market chain and poor inputs and service provision. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 127-131
Saliva Urea Nitrogen (SalUN) of Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) Fed Grass or Complete Diet: A Preliminary Study on the Utilization of Saliva as a Non-Invasive Specimen

The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of saliva to be used as a medium for the measurement of blood urea (BUN) levels, as an indicator of the sufficiency of protein intake in ruminants. Six 2-years-old female Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) which divided into two groups i.e., I (n = 3) were given a ration of 90% concentrate with 10% forage (complete diet), and group II (n = 3) fed King grass ad libitum. Urea levels in the saliva (SalUN) and the BUN were measured photometrically, using a commercial kit available on the market, commonly used in a standard laboratory. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) between SalUN and BUN in the same treatment group. Urea concentrations differed significantly (P<0.001) between two groups. In the group I, SalUN levels were 40.07 ± 1.86 mg/dl and BUN 40.50±1.32 mg/dl, which were significantly higher (P<0.001) compared with group II (8.33 ± 2.62 mg/dl in the saliva and 9.67 ± 3.69 mg/dl in the blood). It was concluded that saliva can be used as a non-invasive medium to measure the levels of urea as an indicator of diet quality fed to ruminants. Further study needs to be carried out with a larger sample and wider area of coverage.
Relationship between Proactiveness and Growth of Top 100 Enterprises in Kenya

Small and medium size enterprises continues to play an important role in the economic growth of most countries. Notably they have become imperative as a source of job creation; wealth creation and capital creation. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) also act as supplier of goods and services for large organizations. While SMEs play a significant role in the economy, managers of successful organizations are faced with rapidly changing and fast paced environments. The disruptive and turbulent environment forces the managers to be entrepreneurial as they fulfills the demanding role of enhancing performance contingent on the ever changing environment. Similarly, many SMEs have failed to appreciate the role of industry experience and thus a slow growth hence lacking competitive advantage in the ever changing business environment. The study endeavored to determine relationship between proactiveness and the growth of Top 100 Enterprises in Kenya. Descriptive approach was adopted in order to describe the data and characteristics about the population. The target population comprised of 287 middle-sized companies who were the Top 100 KPMG feted enterprises in Kenya in the year 2010 - 2015. Stratified random sampling was used to select the 164 managers who formed the sample size for the study. Questionnaires were used to collect the data and analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Findings indicated that proactiveness had a positive and significant effect on growth. This was supported by a significance level of (β=0.18, p=0.000). The study concluded that proactiveness leads antedate imminent prospects, both in terms of products or technologies as well as in markets and consumer demand. It brings about change in an environment by predicting trends through the exploration of opportunities, hence the introduction of new products and services. Keywords: Proactiveness, Growth, Top 100 Enterprise and Small and Medium Enterprises.
Vehicle internal design improvement guidelines by using the computational pregnant occupant model 'Expecting'

New interior designs for vehicles may improve the safety of pregnant occupants without compromising the safety of non-pregnant occupants. The objective of this study is to investigate the implications of the steering wheel unit orientation by using 'Expecting', the computational pregnant occupant model developed at Loughborough University. Three steering column angles and three steering wheel angles are modelled in a subcompact mini-car interior in MADYMO. A standard three-point seat belt and an airbag are used as restraint systems. The strain values at the placental location of the uterus of 'Expecting' for frontal impacts with 15, 30, 45 kph are predicted for various steering wheel unit configurations and the resulting distance between the steering wheel unit and the abdomen and sternum of 'Expecting'. Recommendations are made to improve safety.
The Effect of Work Stress, Work Load and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction And It’s Implication on The Employee Performance of Aceh Investment And One Stop Services Agency

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of work stress, workload and work environment on job satisfaction and its impact on the employee performance of DPMPTSP Aceh. The sample of the study is 138 civil servants of the institution. Data collected by questionnaire, and structural equation model (SEM) is operationalized to analyze the data. The study found that work stress has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction and employee performance. On the contrary, both workload and work environment have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and employee performance. Furthermore, job satisfaction has a positive and significant impact on employee performance. The existence of job satisfaction mediates the effect of workload and work environment on employee performance. Conversely, the variable doesn’t mediate the effect of work stress on employee performance.
The effects of protein and energy intake levels on the simulated performance and body composition between 30 and 60 kg of a growing pig

Abstract The objective of the present simulation was to use the National Chung Hsing University (NCHU) pig growth simulation model to define the relationship between different protein and energy intake levels on the performance and body composition of a growing pig. Fifty diets were used to describe the effects of protein and energy intake levels. The average daily feed intake increases with both protein and energy intake levels. The average daily gain increases with increasing energy intake and dietary ideal protein content. The feed conversion ratio, which is comprised of the feed used and the scaled feed intake, decreases with increasing protein and energy intake levels. Increasing the diet protein content improves daily protein retention and total protein mass. Increasing the diet energy content also improves daily lipid retention and total lipid mass. The ratio of LR to PR decreases with increasing protein contents and decreasing energy contents.
°"√»÷''Ÿ—'' °—Ÿ—å—"πÕß§å—''â °"√æ≈— A Comparative Study on the Public Enterprise Reform and the Organizational Commitment of the Public Enterprises in the Energy Sector in Thailand

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of public enterprise reform policy on the attributes of organizational commitments in the public energy enterprises in Thailand. It compares three structural types of public energy enterprises: totally state-owned public enterprises (type I), partially transformed public enterprises (type II), and totally transformed public enterprises (type III), based on the degree of state ownership and the level of management control that exits in the public reformed organizations, by analyzing the presence of the desirable attributes of organizational commitment as perceived by employees. Findings indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the level of some dimensions of organizational commitment (affective commitment and normative commitment) between the three types of public energy enterprises. The lack of a structural type difference holds for only continuance commitment. The results also indicate empirical evidence concerning the causal relationship between the antecedents and organizational commitment. Whereas change-related behaviors show a direct negative influence on organizational commitment, both HRM practices and work-related values indicate direct positive influences on them.
Powerful Shocks and Cavities in the Hot Atmosphere of the MS 0735 Galaxy Cluster

Cool core clusters host bright centres that radiate away their energy in less than 10 yr. If uncompensated by heating, the hot atmosphere will cool and form stars at rates of hundreds to thousands of solar masses per year. However, high resolution spectroscopy from the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray Observatories have failed to find evidence of gas cooling to low temperatures at the expected rates. Instead, feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is heating the intracluster medium and suppressing cooling flows. X-ray observations have revealed large cavities, weak shocks, and sound waves in the intracluster medium that are produced by the relativistic jets launched by the central AGN. In this thesis I present a deep Chandra X-ray analysis of MS 0735.6+7421 (MS0735), the cool core galaxy cluster with the most energetic AGN outburst known. I use this deep observation to study the energetics of the powerful AGN outburst, as well as analyze additional effects that the outburst has on the intracluster medium. Two large cavities, with diameters of 200-240 kpc, are embedded in the hot atmosphere of MS0735. A power output of over 10 erg s−1 is required to inflate the bubbles, exceeding the X-ray luminosity by over a factor of 60 and easily offsetting radiative losses. A continuous, weak shock front of Mach number 1.26 encompasses the cavities, injecting energy at a rate comparable to the cavities. This shock causes a temperature jump that varies azimuthally, and is highest where the shock front is strongest. Cool gas from the centre of the cluster is entrained in the radio jet and is being dragged toward high altitudes. Two more cavities are observed near the cluster centre, indicating that the AGN is rejuvenating on a timescale shorter than the central cooling time. These cavities, while small compared to the older outburst, still contain ample energy to offset radiative losses. With the addition of MS0735, I prepare a sample of 10 clusters and groups with multiple generations of cavities. Three systems with detected sound waves are also included, two of which overlap with the cavity sample. In these systems I compare the mean time interval between AGN outbursts to the central cooling time and cavity heating time. On average the AGN rejuvenate on a timescale that is approximately 1/3 of their mean central cooling time, indicating that jet heating is outpacing cooling in these systems. Finally, I present a preliminary analysis of integral field spectroscopy of MS0735’s brightest cluster galaxy. A velocity gradient extends across the cluster nucleus and is inconsistent with being a rotating disk. Instead, it is more likely that the atomic gas has been entrained in the jets and is being dragged away from the nucleus. The ionized gas mass exceeds estimates based on the upper limits of molecular gas, indicating either that the atomic gas is not condensing into molecular gas or that a source of heat is reionizing the Hα nebula.
SCENE-LAYOUT COMPATIBLE CONDITIONAL RANDOM FIELD FOR CLASSIFYING TERRESTRIAL LASER POINT CLOUDS

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) rapidly becomes a primary surveying tool due to its fast acquisition of highly dense threedimensional point clouds. For fully utilizing its benefits, developing a robust method to classify many objects of interests from huge amounts of laser point clouds is urgently required. Conditional Random Field (CRF) is a well-known discriminative classifier, which integrates local appearance of the observation (laser point) with spatial interactions among its neighbouring points in classification process. Typical CRFs employ generic label consistency using short-range dependency only, which often causes locality problem. In this paper, we present a multi-range and asymmetric Conditional Random Field (CRF) (maCRF), which adopts a priori information of scene-layout compatibility addressing long-range dependency. The proposed CRF constructs two graphical models, one for enhancing a local labelling smoothness within short-range (srCRF) and the other for favouring a global and asymmetric regularity of spatial arrangement between different object classes within long-range (lrCRF). This maCRF classifier assumes two graphical models (srCRF and lrCRF) are independent of each other. Final labelling decision was accomplished by probabilistically combining prediction results obtained from two CRF models. We validated maCRF’s performance with TLS point clouds acquired from RIEGL LMS-Z390i scanner using cross validation. Experiment results demonstrate that synergetic classification improvement can be achievable by incorporating two CRF models.
PENGARUH FEE AUDIT, AUDIT TENURE, ROTASI AUDIT, DAN WORKLOAD TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh fee audit, audit tenure, rotasi audit, workload, terhadap kualitas audit. Kualitas audit menggunakan proksi ukuran kantor akuntan publik, yang diukur dengan variabel dummy dengan menggunakan kelompok auditor KAP Big Four dan KAP Non Big Four, fee audit diukur menggunakan logaritma natural dari akun professional fees yang ada di laporan keuangan perusahaan, audit tenure diukur dengan menghitung jumlah tahun dimana auditor yang sama telah melakukan perikatan dengan auditee, rotasi audit diukur dengan variabel dummy, dan workload diukur dengan audit capacity stress. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2012-2016. Metode sampling dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Jumlah total sampel penelitian adalah 714, setelah melalui tahap pengolahan data, terdapat 429 data outlier yang harus dikeluarkan dari sampel penelitian. Jadi jumlah sampel akhir yang layak diobservasi yaitu 285 perusahaan. teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik. Hasilnya analisis menunjukkan bahwa fee audit, audit tenure, rotasi audit, dan workload berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Variabel fee audit dan workload berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas audit, variabel audit tenure dan rotasi audit berpengaruh negatif terhadap kualitas audit
Which is the Stronger Influence of Voting Intention: Candidate Credibility or Party Credibility?

This research examines the influence of the political party credibility and presidential candidate personal credibility on voting intention in the presidential election setting. The dual credibility model which is taken from the marketing communication fields is tested with structural equation modeling using the online survey data of 422 respondents collected during the Indonesian presidential campaign held in 2014. The results suggest that only candidate credibility which has a significant influence on voting intention both directly and indirectly via attitude toward the candidate brand. In contrast, party credibility has no influenced on voting intention in the direct presidential election setting. Type of Paper: Empirical
X-RAY NUCLEAR ACTIVITY IN S4G BARRED GALAXIES: NO LINK BETWEEN BAR STRENGTH AND CO-OCCURRENT SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE FUELING

Stellar bars can lead to gas inflow toward the center of a galaxy and stimulate nuclear star formation. However, there is no compelling evidence on whether they also feed a central supermassive black hole: by measuring the fractions of barred active and inactive galaxies, previous studies have yielded conflicting results. In this paper, we aim to understand the lack of observational evidence for bar-driven active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity by studying a sample of 41 nearby (d < 35 Mpc) barred galaxies from the Spitzer Survey for Stellar Structure in Galaxies. We use Chandra observations to measure nuclear 2–10 keV X-ray luminosities and estimate Eddington ratios, together with Spitzer 3.6 μm imaging to quantify the strength of the stellar bar in two independent ways: (1) from its structure, as traced by its ellipticity and boxiness, and (2) from its gravitational torque Qb, taken as the maximum ratio of the tangential force to the mean background radial force. In this way, rather than discretizing the presence of both stellar bars and nuclear activity, we are able to account for the continuum of bar strengths and degrees of AGN activity. We find nuclear X-ray sources in 31 out of 41 galaxies with median X-ray luminosity and Eddington ratio of LX = 4.3 × 1038 erg s−1 and Lbol/LEdd = 6.9 × 10−6, respectively, consistent with low-luminosity AGN activity. Including upper limits for those galaxies without nuclear detections, we find no significant correlation between any of the bar strength indicators and the degree of nuclear activity, irrespective of galaxy luminosity, stellar mass, Hubble type, or bulge size. Strong bars do not favor brighter or more efficient nuclear activity, implying that at least for the low-luminosity regime, supermassive black hole fueling is not closely connected to large-scale features.
Benefits and risks of adopting the global code of practice for recreational fisheries.

ABSTRACT Recreational fishing constitutes the dominant or sole use of many fish stocks, particularly in freshwater ecosystems in Western industrialized countries. However, despite their social and economic importance, recreational fisheries are generally guided by local or regional norms and standards, with few comprehensive policy and development frameworks existing across jurisdictions. We argue that adoption of a recently developed Global Code of Practice (CoP) for Recreational Fisheries can provide benefits for moving recreational fisheries toward sustainability on a global scale. The CoP is a voluntary document, specifically framed toward recreational fisheries practices and issues, thereby complementing and extending the United Nation's Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries by the Food and Agricultural Organization. The CoP for Recreational Fisheries describes the minimum standards of environmentally friendly, ethically appropriate, and—depending on local situations—socially acceptable recreatio.
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION ON OIL CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CANOLA CULTIVARS

Oil contents of canola are largely influenced by temperature fluctuations. Longer reproductive phase and cooler temperature at the time of seed development stage of crop is favorable for good quality oil. Three field experiments were conducted one each at the University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi (UAAR), Groundnut Research Station (GRS), Attock and Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal, to ascertain the effects of environmental variation on oil content and fatty acid of Canola cultivars. Eight canola cultivars were sown in a randomized complete block design in a net plot size of 5 x 2.7 m. At maturity two central rows were harvested to obtain seeds for chemical analysis. Seeds were analyzed for oil contents (%), fatty acid profile and glucosinolate content (µg g -1 ) by NMR and colorimetric methods. Results revealed significant differences amongst cultivars, locations and their interaction for oil content and fatty acid profile. The seeds produced at Attock accumulated the maximum oil content (42.15%), oleic acid (59.76%) and least of erucic acid (32.65%). Among cultivars, Shiralee accumulated the maximum oil content (41.81%) and Zafar-2000 the minimum (38.86%), however, Zafar-2000 accumulated the highest percentage of Oleic acid (63.77) and the lowest of erucic acid (21.78).
Bariatric single incision laparoscopic surgery – review of initial experience

The aim of this review was to assess the results of published experience with bariatric SILS surgery, with a particular focus on treatment feasibility and safety. An EMBASE and MEDLINE database search was performed identifying 13 articles totalling 87 patients in the laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) group, 10 patients in the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) group, and 1 patient in the Roux-en-Y SILS group. In most series the learning curve was steep and operating times halved with time, reaching 53 min for LAGB and 90 min for LSG. In single case reports using strict selection criteria patients were discharged up to 24 hours following surgery. Treatment safety was satisfactory. Only two studies reported some minor complications with rates of up to 9.8%, including port malposition, port site infection, and seroma or haematoma formation. There were no complications in other studies. LAGB, LSG and Roux-en-Y surgeries were feasible although technically demanding and difficult.
Impact of Corporate Governance on Performance of a Firm: A Comparison between Commercial Banks and Financial Services Companies of Pakistan

There is vital role of corporate governance in the establishment of a competitive market; this is also suggested by the empirical studies that nations having good corporate governance practices tend to have strong growth in their corporate sectors. This study examines the impact of corporate governance on the performance of firm. The impact of Board attributes, Audit committee attributes and Ownership attributes was check on Return on Equity and Return on Assets of the Firms. The data related to the study was for Six years from 2009 to 2011 from 9 commercial banks and 9 financial service companies, listed in Karachi Stock Exchange based on convenience sampling. There were total 108 panel observations. Multiple regression (Panel least square) was used to analyze the data.The results show that Board Independence has significant impact on Return on Equity of the firm while Board size and Audit Committee Independence have significant impact on Return on Assets. Key w ords: Board size, Audit Committee Independence, Board independence, Ownership Structure, Ownership concentration, Corporate governance