Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHLOROPHYLL a AND PHEO - PIGMENT AS INDICES OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE INSHORE SURFACE WATERS OFF COCHIN

Estimations of surface chlorophyll a and pheo-pigment concentrations were made at two stations (10 and 20m) in the inshore waters off Cochin which are correlated with related environmental parameters. In 1987 the maximum chlorophyll a production in both the stations was during pre-monsoon (2.3 and 2.1 mg/m3) while in 1988 it was during post monsoon period (3.4 and 3.2 mg/m5). In general a considerable reduction in overall production was noticed in 1987 over 1988, particularly during both monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The total annual chlorophyll a production was found to be 38.4 mg/m3 in 1987 whereas in 1988 it was 62.2 mg/m5 adding stations I & II together. The total annual pheo-pigment production was estimated to be 37.2 mg/m3 for stations I and II put together in 1988, contributing about 62% of chlorophyll a. As re­ gards the environmental parameters, nutrients, especially phosphate showed positive correlation and nitrite negative relation to chlorophyll production. Variations in the observed values during 1987and 1988 are attributed to the intensity of monsoon rain fall and the freshwater discharge from the river and lake system.
Gentrification: What It Is, Why It Is, and What Can Be Done about It

This article outlines the key contemporary debates on gentrification, most of which arise from variations in the process: in interpretations, assessments of displacement, the agents involved and the forms that gentrified cities take. The variations are so extensive that some scholars argue that gentrification has become too broad a concept to retain analytical coherency. Others counter that the logic of gentrification is now so generalised that the concept captures no less than the fundamental state and market-driven ‘class remake’ of cities throughout the world. The article agrees with the latter position and proposes that gentrification should be considered part of a broader continuum of social and economic geographic change, replacing the useful but out-dated stage model but still accommodating the myriad of variations within its underlying logics. Understanding gentrification as a complex but coherent concept highlights the importance of time and place in the viability of progressive policy responses to gentrification's inequitable effects.
Nonrigid band shift and nonmonotonic electronic structure changes upon doping in the normal state of the pnictide high-temperature superconductor Ba(F e1-x C ox)2 A s2

Author(s): Vilmercati, P; Mo, SK; Fedorov, A; McGuire, MA; Sefat, A; Sales, B; Mandrus, D; Singh, DJ; Ku, W; Johnston, S; Mannella, N | Abstract: © 2016 American Physical Society. We report systematic angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) experiments using different photon polarizations and experimental geometries and find that the doping evolution of the normal state of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 deviates significantly from the predictions of a rigid band model. The data reveal a nonmonotonic dependence upon doping of key quantities such as band filling, bandwidth of the electron pocket, and quasiparticle coherence. Our analysis suggests that the observed phenomenology and the inapplicability of the rigid band model in Co-doped Ba122 are due to electronic correlations, and not to the either the strength of the impurity potential, or self-energy effects due to impurity scattering. Our findings indicate that the effects of doping in pnictides are much more complicated than currently believed. More generally, they indicate that a deep understanding of the evolution of the electronic properties of the normal state, which requires an understanding of the doping process, remains elusive even for the 122 iron-pnictides, which are viewed as the least correlated of the high-TC unconventional superconductors.
HIV self-testing services for female sex workers, Malawi and Zimbabwe

Abstract Objective To present findings from implementation and scale-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-testing programmes for female sex workers in Malawi and Zimbabwe, 2013–2018. Methods In Zimbabwe, we carried out formative research to assess the acceptability and accuracy of HIV self-testing. During implementation we evaluated sex workers’ preferences for, and feasibility of, distribution of test kits before the programme was scaled-up. In Malawi, we conducted a rapid ethnographic assessment to explore the context and needs of female sex workers and resources available, leading to a workshop to define the distribution approach for test kits. Once distribution was implemented, we conducted a process evaluation and established a system for monitoring social harm. Findings In Zimbabwe, female sex workers were able to accurately self-test. The preference study helped to refine systems for national scale-up through existing services for female sex workers. The qualitative data helped to identify additional distribution strategies and mediate potential social harm to women. In Malawi, peer distribution of test kits was the preferred strategy. We identified some incidents of social harm among peer distributors and female sex workers, as well as supply-side barriers to implementation which hindered uptake of testing. Conclusion Involving female sex workers in planning and ongoing implementation of HIV self-testing is essential, along with strategies to mitigate potential harm. Optimal strategies for distribution and post-test support are context-specific and need to consider existing support for female sex workers and levels of trust and cohesion within their communities.
HOW ETHNICITY AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE THREATENS DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA

Ethnicity is a phenomenon used by the colonial masters the British, as a divide and conquers tactics for their administrative conveniences which later becomes a weapon of destruction by the Nigerian political actors in their bid to acquire economic and political power in order to sustain personal interest. This article explores the theoretical perspective on ethnicity and highlight on the concept of political violence with Lijphart’s convocational democracy models, in addition, the nature of ethno-political identities in Nigeria are discussed, the article therefore argues that the factors of ethno-political disparities in Nigeria causes the risen incident of violence and threaten its nascent democracy, because ethnicity in Nigeria is viewed as an element of acquiring wealth and power struggle.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Length of stay in Public Hospitals in Lorestan Province, Iran

Introduction: Nowadays length of stay (LOS) is an important measure that is widely used in hospitals to assess use of hospital services and efficiency and performance of hospital activities. The aim of this study is to analyze factors affecting LOS in public hospitals in Lorestan province, Iran. Methods: The type of this study is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional which was done in 2006. Subjects are inpatient’s medical records (662 cases) which were selected by randomized sampling. T-test, One-way ANOVA and multifactor regression were used for the analysis. Results: Average length of stay in public hospitals of Lorestan province in 2006 was 3.03 (SD= 4.34) days. Factors such as gender, age, marital status, residence, job, referral type, type of insurance, type of disease, and discharge status have effect on average length of stay. By increasing of age, average LOS is increased. The average LOS in men is longer than women. Conclusion: With analysis of average LOS indicator in hospitals, we can achieve the aim of better allocation of resources and hospital beds and optimizing productivity of the existing beds. According to the findings of this study, it is recommended to take measures to reduce the hospitalization of elderly patients through development of home care and nursing homes. Establishing referral system and family physician system in the cities will help in faster diagnosis, reduction in treatment duration and unnecessary hospital stays.
Rhabdomyolysis Associations with Antibiotics: A Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)

Introduction: Daptomycin, macrolides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, and cefdinir are known to be associated with rhabdomyolysis. Other antibiotics may also lead to rhabdomyolysis, but no study has systemically compared rhabdomyolysis associations for many available antibiotics. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between rhabdomyolysis and many available antibiotics using the FDA Adverse Event Report System (FAERS). Methods: FAERS reports from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2017 were included in the study. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was used to identify rhabdomyolysis cases. Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the association between antibiotics and rhabdomyolysis were calculated. An association was considered statistically significant when the lower limit of the 95%CI was greater than 1.0. Results: A total of 2,334,959 reports (including 7,685 rhabdomyolysis reports) were considered, after inclusion criteria were applied. Daptomycin had the greatest proportion of rhabdomyolysis reports, representing 5.5% of all daptomycin reports. Statistically significant rhabdomyolysis RORs (95% CI) for antibiotics were (in descending order): daptomycin 17.94 (14.08-22.85), cefditoren 8.61 (3.54-20.94), cefaclor 7.16 (2.28-22.49), erythromycin 5.93 (3.17-11.10), norfloxacin 4.50 (1.44-14.07), clarithromycin 3.95 (2.77-5.64), meropenem 3.19 (1.51-6.72), azithromycin 2.94 (1.96-4.39), cefdinir 2.84 (1.06-7.62), piperacillin-tazobactam 2.61 (1.48-4.61), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 2.53 (1.52-4.21), linezolid 2.49 (1.47-4.21), ciprofloxacin 2.10 (1.51-2.92). Conclusions: This study confirms prior evidence for rhabdomyolysis associations with daptomycin, macrolides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, and cefdinir. This study also identifies previously unknown rhabdomyolysis associations with meropenem, cefditoren, cefaclor, and piperacillin-tazobactam.
Characterization of yield components in certain groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties of Ethiopia.

Documentation of yield components (pod and seed characteristics) in the groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties of Ethiopia has not been done so far and the same is not available in the literature. Such literature is required as it forms a platform for further studies in future on plant breeding programmes to improve the traits of this crop in Ethiopia. Hence, a study has been taken up to characterize the pods and seeds in certain important groundnut varieties released by Werer Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia. The parameters studied include individual seed weight, number of seeds per pod, 100 pods weight, 100 seeds weight and shelling percent. All the six varieties exhibited statistically significant variations in the studied parameters except shelling percent. Thus, a great extent of genetic diversity is found among the groundnut varieties in Ethiopia. Individual seed weight, 100 pods weight and 100 seeds weight were highest in the variety, Tole 2 while number of seeds per pod was highest in the variety, Werer 964. The parameters analyzed in this investigation were compared with previously available data on days to maturity, oil content and shelled seed yield. Correlation matrix of the studied parameters revealed some interesting relationships among them.
The influence of teaching satisfaction on student persistence

This paper examines the influence of satisfaction with teaching experiences on students’ intentions to persist. The research is relevant as the influence of an individual educator’s teaching practice on student persistence has at this point been undervalued (Demaris and Kritsonis, 2008). Furthermore, the classroom experience of students has an increasing importance with greater student diversity (Hunt, 2010; Fleming et al., 2010). Literature supports the viewpoint that teaching approaches that are satisfying and inclusive for the student body including active learning can influence student persistence (Zepke et al., 2006; Pascarella and Terenzini, 2005; Laing and Robinson, 2003; Braxton et al., 2000). A mixed-methods case study utilising a questionnaire (n=84) as well as five focus groups and twenty-eight interviews were undertaken. A moderate to strong correlation between satisfying teaching experiences and educational commitment was found (r S =.56). Qualitative data provided additional supporting evidence for the quantitative finding. Furthermore, the social nature of active learning was identified as an influence on the social integration of students which in turn has been linked to student persistence (Braxton et al., 2000; Tinto, 1993). The implications of this research are clear in outlining support for the role of teaching and active learning as an influence on student persistence. This is an important addition to the current body of knowledge on student persistence and a development of the research literature in an Irish context.
Accumulation of algal pigments and live planktonic diatoms in aphotic sediments during the spring bloom in the transition zone of the North and Baltic Seas

The sediment contents of algal pigments and live planktonic diatoms were measured in cores sampled at 6 stations with aphotic sediments at depths between 27 and 55 m located in the transition zone between the Baltic Sea and the Skagerrak. Five of the stations were sampled before and after the spring phytoplankton bloom in 2001. Within the area, there was a highly significant increase after the bloom in the sediment content of viable planktonic diatoms, quantified by the dilution extinction method, and in the sediment content of the pigments chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin. The composition of algal pigments as well as the number of germinable diatoms suggested that live pelagic diatoms were the source of almost the entire pool of chlorophyll a in the sediment both before and after the spring bloom. In the northern Kattegat, Great Belt, Femer Belt and in the Arkona Sea, the pools of diatoms increased 10- to 100-fold during the spring bloom. In total, the sediment received between 0.3 and 4 million germinable units of pelagic diatoms cm -2 . In terms of organic nitrogen, the enrichment of live diatoms in the sediment corresponded to on average 202% of the total spring bloom production, calculated from the pool of nitrate consumed in the water column during the spring bloom. A similar calculation based on the enrichment of the pigments chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin indicated input corresponding to 24 and 64 % respectively of the potential production during the spring bloom. There was considerable variation among stations; in the central Kattegat there was no detectable sedimentation of diatoms or pigments. Here, the pools of pigments and diatoms decreased during the spring bloom and the shape of the pigment profiles also indicated that these pools did not originate from a recent input. Other stations received twice as much diatom biomass than could be produced from the pool of inorganic nitrogen in the mixed layer before the bloom. It is hypothesized that the unequal distribution of the spring bloom sedimentation is a result of episodic sedimentation events in combination with advection of the water masses. The potentials of using sediment profiles of pigments to quantify spring bloom sedimentation are discussed.
ROLE OF PROLINE, K/NA RATIO AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN SALT TOLERANCE OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

Studies to determine the role of proline, K/Na ratio and chlorophyll contents in salt tolerance of wheat genotypes were conducted in lysimeters using hydroponics technique. Seeds were allowed to germinate under normal condition (1.5 dS m -1 ) and salinity treatment of 12 dS m -1 was imposed after one week of germination. Crop was irrigated at the interval of two weeks or whenever required with 1/4 th Hoagland nutrient solution of respective concentrations. Results clearly indicated that wheat genotypes with higher proline, K/Na ratio and chlorophyll contents had higher grain yield. On the basis of yield reduction, three genotypes viz. Lu-26s, Sarsabz and KTDH were found tolerant. These genotypes also maintained the higher concentration of proline, K/Na ratio and chlorophyll contents under saline conditions.
Preoperative Fasting C-Peptide Acts as a Promising Predictor of Improved Glucose Tolerance in Patients With Acromegaly After Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Retrospective Study of 64 Cases From a Large Pituitary Center in China

Purpose: Abnormal glucose metabolism is one of the most frequent acromegaly complications. Improvement of glucose metabolism can be observed only in half of acromegaly patients after surgery. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for determining abnormal glucose metabolism before surgery in patients with acromegaly, and to explore the predictors of improved preoperative glucose intolerance after surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 64 patients who received transsphenoidal surgery for acromegaly. Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and glucose metabolism were assessed before, immediately after, and 3 months after surgery. Glucose metabolic parameters included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma glucose (PG), C-peptide (CP), insulin (INS), and the indices of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance (IR). Results: Preoperatively, 18 patients (28.1%) had diabetes (DM), 34 (53.1%) had prediabetes (PreDM), and 12 (18.8%) had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). All the indices of pancreatic β-cell function were significantly lower in patients with DM than those with PreDM and NGT (all P < 0.005). IGF-1 was significantly positively correlated with insulin sensitivity and IR (P < 0.05), while GH was not. Postoperatively, glucose tolerance was improved in 71.2% of patients (37/52) with preoperative glucose intolerance. Insulin sensitivity was increased, while β-cell function and IR were decreased in most patients after surgery, regardless of whether their acromegaly achieved remission. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative fasting C-peptide (FCP, OR = 2.639, P = 0.022), disposition index (DI, OR = 1.397, P = 0.043) and Predictor-2 (OR = 0.578, P = 0.035) were determined to be the predictors for improved glucose tolerance status after surgery. Afterwards, through Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, FCP >2.445 ng/ml was the best independent predictor, with an 86.6% PPV (positive predictive value) and a 74.5% NPV (negative predictive value). Conclusions: Preoperative high FCP is a promising postsurgical predictor of improved glucose tolerance in patients with acromegaly. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and HbA1c should be monitored regularly after surgery, and diabetes management should be adjusted based on the patient's latest glucose tolerance status.
Molecular Basis of Water Activity in Glycerol–Water Mixtures

Water activity (Aw) is a reliable indication of the microbial growth, enzymatic activity, preservation, and quality of foods. However, a molecular basis of Aw is still under debate in multiple related disciplines. Glycerol–water mixtures can provide a variation of Aws by controlling the ratio of glycerol and water. In this study, the molecular basis of Aw was examined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), and incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (IQENS) based on moisture sorption isotherms of glycerol–water mixtures. Three regions were identified and classified based on DSC results. DSC showed that bulk-like water existed at Aw > ≈ 0.7 at 27°C. Hydrogen bonding related molecular vibrations were analyzed by ATR-IR, which indicated that the OH stretching in water molecules is significantly different for Aw > ≈ 0.7. Translational diffusive and/or rotational motions in time and space analyzed by IQENS appeared when Aw > ≈ 0.7, and are correlated with hydrogen bonding related local vibrational dynamics in the glycerol–water mixtures. More importantly, Aw values of glycerol–water mixtures can be explained by the hydrogen bonding network and molecular dynamics of water in the solution. We discuss the implications of Aw in the preservation of food at the molecular level.
Prevalence of ‘one and done’ in adenoma detection rates: results from the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry

Abstract Background and study aims Adenoma detection rate (ADR), the proportion of an endoscopist’s screening colonoscopies in which at least one adenoma is found, is an established quality metric. Several publications have suggested that a technique referred to as “one and done,” where less attention is paid to additional polyp detection following discovery of one likely adenoma, may be occurring 1 2 3. To investigate whether this practice occurs and provide additional context to the significance of ADR, we examined ADR by single and multiple adenomas in the statewide New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry (NHCR). Patients and methods A total of 25,324 NHCR patients receiving screening colonoscopies between 2009 and 2014 by 69 endoscopists were analyzed. ADR was dichotomized into high (≥ 20 %) and low (< 20 %) based on 2006 recommended targets in place during the time of the study. ADR-plus (the average number of adenomas in colonoscopies with > 1 adenoma) was dichotomized at mean values into high (≥ 1.5) and low (< 1.5). As suggested by others, a high ADR but low ADR-plus was used to indicate the “one and done” approach. Results Among endoscopists with an ADR ≥ 20 %, only 5 (7.2 %) had low ADR-plus values and were classified as “one and done. ” Results for serrated polyp detection were similar. ADR and ADR-plus decreased monotonically with increasing years since residency (P values for trend ADR = 0.02; ADR-plus = 0.003) after adjusting for patient risk factors. Conclusion “One and done” infrequently occurred among endoscopists with high ADR in a large statewide registry. The need to replace ADR with other polyp detection metrics (such as ADR-plus) to accurately ascertain performance quality is not supported by these findings.
Which factor dominates the industry evolution? A synergy analysis based on China's ICT industry

Industry evolution caused by various reasons, among which technology progress driving industry development has been approved, but with the new trend of industry convergence, inter-industry convergence also plays an increasing important role. This paper plans to probe the industry synergetic evolution mechanism based on industry convergence and technology progress. Firstly, we use self-organization method and Haken Model to establish synergetic evolution equations, select technology progress and industry convergence as the key variables of industry evolution system; then use patent licensing data of china's listed ICT companies to measure industry convergence rate and apply DEA Malmquist index method to calculate technology progress level; furthermore apply simultaneous equation estimation method to investigate the synergetic industry evolution process. From 2002 to 2012, China's ICT industry develops rapidly; it has the most obvious convergence and powerful technology progress compared with other industries. We choose china's listed ICT industry to make empirical analysis. Our main findings are: a) technology progress is the order parameter which dominates industry system evolution. Moreover, industry convergence is the control parameter which is influenced by technology progress; b) Development of technology progress is the core factor for causing evolution of industry system, and industry convergence is the outcome of technology progress; c) Especially, it is important that the dominated role of technology progress will be sustained, even though in the environment of convergence, companies also need focus on self-innovation, rather than only adapt to the new industry evolution trend.