Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of postmortem ocular fluid and core temperature analysis in incidentally captured harbour porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena )

Determination of elapsed time since death in small cetaceans can be important to our understanding of the nature of their interactions with fishing operations. This pilot study was conducted to determine the potential diagnostic usefulness of ocular fluid (vitreous humour) and core body temperature to estimate postmortem intervals in harbour porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena ). Core temperature and concentrations of various constituents of vitreous humour (glucose, urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus) were determined in 24 harbour porpoises incidentally caught in groundfish gillnets in the waters of the Gulf of Maine and the Bay of Fundy. These parameters were compared to published values for rectal temperatures and the serum concentrations of several selected elements in live harbour porpoises. Glucose in vitreous humour decreased in dead animals compared to serum values in live ones; its level was positively correlated with core temperature. Potassium and magnesium in vitreous humour increased following death. These data suggest that most animals analysed had been dead for several hours. For the present, the methodology affords researchers an approach that appears to hold some promise. However, the most practical technique requires testing animals with a known time of death in order to derive a set of curves for ocular fluid values and temperature versus time that are appropriate for a statistical presentation of predictability for the time since death.
A Comparison of related density-based minimum divergence estimators

This paper compares the minimum divergence estimator of Basu et al. (1998) to a competing minimum divergence estimator which turns out to be equivalent to a method proposed from a different perspective by Windham (1995). Both methods can be applied for any parametric model and contain maximum likelihood as a special case. Efficiencies are compared under model conditions, and robustness properties are studied. Overall the two methods are found to perform quite similarly. Some relatively small advantages of the former method over the latter are identified.
Delirium: A predictor of mortality in the elderly

The frequency of delirium in elderly inpatients is high, resulting in poor hos- pital outcomes. The objective of this study is to assess whether delirium is an independent predictor for mortality over a three-month period. Methods :P rospective, observational study in a cohort of 171 inpatients aged over 65 years. Presence of delirium and/or dementia, severity of delirium and incapacity due to ill- ness were assessed at baseline using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), the MMSE, the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) and the Karnofsky Perfor- mance Status (KPS). Mortality rates were evaluated over a three-month follow-up period after enrollment. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed and the adjusted effect of a set of covariates was evaluated with the Cox multiple regression analysis. Results: By 3 months after enrollment, 34.4% of the patients with delirium died, compared with 16.5% of those without delirium. The survival analysis shows a statistically significant difference between the two groups (log-rank=11.92; d.f.=1; P=0.0006). After adjustment for covariates, delirium was found to be independently associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: Delirium was found to be an independent marker for mortality in older medical patients over a three-month follow-up.
Status of Serum Zinc and Magnesium among Type 2 Diabetic Subjects in Maiduguri

Disturbances in trace element status in diabetes may contribute to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes and diabetes complications. This study was undertaken to evaluate the status of serum zinc and magnesium among type 2 diabetic subjects attending endocrinology Clinic of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri. One hundred and thirty (130) subjects participated in this study which comprised of eighty (80) confirmed type 2 diabetic subjects and fifty (50) non diabetics as controls. Glucose oxidase-peroxidase, Xylidyl Blue colorimetric endpoint and colorimetric test with 5-Brom-PAPS methods were used for the measurement of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum magnesium and zinc respectively. Student's t- test and pearson's correlation coefficient were used to determine the statistical significance. There was significantly (p 0.05) was detected in the mean of serum magnesium concentration of diabetics and that of control subjects (0.79±0.02 versus 0.74±0.02)mmol/L. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.25; p 0.05) difference in the correlation between magnesium and FPG, also no significant (p>0.05) correlation was also observed between serum zinc with age and FPG. In this study, zinc was found to be higher in diabetics as compared to controls.
Does the influence of institutional investors depend on the institutional framework? An international analysis

This article analyses the effect of institutional ownership in alleviating or exacerbating the conflicts of interests among stakeholders in different legal and institutional frameworks. This analysis is carried out based on two characteristics: the concentration of power of institutional ownership and the identification of the main types of institutional investors. In common law countries, consistent with the convergence and entrenchment hypotheses, we find a U-shape relation between ownership structure and firm performance. In civil law countries, consistent with the collusion and contest theories, we find an inverted U-shape relation. We also find that when institutional investors are classified as pressure resistant and pressure sensitive according to the strength of their ties with managers, pressure-resistant investors, who operate more independently, are the most capable of improving the value of the firm.
Estimating Cross-Classified Population Counts of Multidimensional Tables: An Application to Regional Australia to Obtain Pseudo-Census Counts

Abstract Estimating population counts for multidimensional tables based on a representative sample subject to known marginal population counts is not only important in survey sampling but is also an integral part of standard methods for simulating area-specific synthetic populations. In this article several estimation methods are reviewed, with particular focus on the iterative proportional fitting procedure and the maximum likelihood method. The performance of these methods is investigated in a simulation study for multidimensional tables, as previous studies are limited to 2 by 2 tables. The data are generated under random sampling but also under misspecification models, for which sample and target populations differ systematically. The empirical results show that simple adjustments can lead to more efficient estimators, but generally, at the expense of increased bias. The adjustments also generally improve coverage of the confidence intervals. The methods discussed in this article along with standard error estimators, are made freely available in the R package mipfp. As an illustration, the methods are applied to the 2011 Australian census data available for the Illawarra Region in order to obtain estimates for the desired three-way table for age by sex by family type with known marginal tables for age by sex and for family type.
X-ray fluorescence spectrum of highly charged Fe ions driven by strong free-electron-laser fields

The influence of nonlinear dynamical effects is analyzed on the observed spectra of controversial 3C and 3D astrophysically relevant x-ray lines in neonlike Fe 16 + and the A, B, and C lines in natriumlike Fe 15 + ions. First, a large-scale configuration-interaction calculation of oscillator strengths is performed with the inclusion of higher-order electron-correlation effects. Also, quantum-electrodynamic corrections to the transition energies are calculated. Further considered dynamical effects provide a possible resolution of the discrepancy between theory and experiment found by recent x-ray free-electron-laser measurements of these controversial lines. We find that, for strong x-ray sources, the modeling of the spectral lines by a peak with an area proportional to the oscillator strength is not sufficient and nonlinear dynamical effects have to be taken into account. Thus, we advocate the use of light–matter-interaction models also valid for strong light fields in the analysis and interpretation of the associated astrophysical and laboratory spectra. We investigate line-strength ratios distinguishing between the coherent and incoherent parts of the emission spectrum. In addition, the spectrum of Fe 15 + , an autoionizing ion which was also present in the recent laboratory experiment, is analyzed as well.
The Demand for, and Participation in Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Tourism - Implications for the Caribbean

n There is no shortage of literature on the need for sustainable tourism, yet relatively few authors have examined how this is being achieved in practice and its implications for specific regions of the world. This study aims to identify and assess tourism corporate social responsibility practices and codes of conduct, whether put out by international or non-government organizations or selfimposed by corporations. The study also set out to determine demand for sustainable tourism. By identifying the current status of sustainability within the tourism industry, it is possible to determine what actions are needed to further this agenda, especially in areas such as the Caribbean. The question first arose as part of a larger study, conducted for the World Bank/International Finance Corporation (Dodds & Joppe, 2005), however, this study provided a larger scope regarding access to tourism markets by lesser developed countries.
Should Advertising Shock

Shock advertising is a tactic of choice for some organizations despite its disputed efficacy and dubious ethicality. Through a focused biblical analysis, this paper identifies numerous examples of divinely-initiated shocking communication, which in light of Imago Dei might lead people to believe that they also have considerable liberty to use shock. Closer examination of biblical cases, however, suggests that organizations should only create shocking ads for very compelling reasons.
Growth stress, its measurement and effects

Summary This paper provides a brief, general background to growth stress, its undesired effects on sawlog utilization, and the methods that have been developed to counter these effects. The paper also describes three major methods used at present for growth strain measurement on tree or log surfaces, and discusses the need for an improved understanding of these methods.
A Model of Joint Congestion Control and Routing Through Random Assignment of Paths | NIST

We investigate the trade-o(cid:27) between utility and path diversity in a model of congestion control where there can be multiple routes between two locations in a network. The model contains a random route allocation scheme for each source s where the degree of randomness and therefore path diversity is controlled by h s , the entropy of the route distribution. After deriving the model from a network utility maximization problem we analyze it in detail for two sample topologies. We conclude that, starting from an allocation with maximum robustness and path diversity, one can always increase the utility by decreasing h s . However it can only decrease until a critical value of the entropy is reached. The value depends on the topology and link capacities of the network and can be explicity computed for our examples.
Satellites reveal an increase in gross primary production in a greenlandic high arctic fen 1992--2008

Abstract. Arctic wetlands play a key role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Recent studies have shown a greening trend and indicated an increase in CO2 uptake in boreal and sub- to low-arctic areas. Our aim was to combine satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with ground-based flux measurements of CO2 to investigate a possible greening trend and potential changes in gross primary production (GPP) between 1992 and 2008 in a high arctic fen area. The study took place in Rylekaerene in the Zackenberg Research Area (74°28' N 20°34' W), located in the National park of North Eastern Greenland. We estimated the light use efficiency (e) for the dominant vegetation types from field measured fractions of photosynthetic active radiation (FAPAR) and ground-based flux measurements of GPP. Measured FAPAR were correlated to satellite-based NDVI. The FAPAR-NDVI relationship in combination with e was applied to satellite data to model GPP 1992–2008. The model was evaluated against field measured GPP. The model was a useful tool for up-scaling GPP and all basic requirements for the model were well met, e.g., FAPAR was well correlated to NDVI and modeled GPP was well correlated to field measurements. The studied high arctic fen area has experienced a strong increase in GPP between 1992 and 2008. The area has during this period also experienced a substantial increase in local air temperature. Consequently, the observed greening trend is most likely due to ongoing climatic change possibly in combination with CO2 fertilization, due to increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO2.
ASPECTS OF BONE TISSUE IN OSTEOPOROSIS

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and its prevalence is increasing as the population grows older. The aim of this study is to highlight changes of the bone tissue which occur in osteoporosis and which affect bone quality. We identified several aspects of the bone tissue in osteoporosis such as abundant cement lines, endosteal bone resorption, the presence of thinned bone trabeculae, the presence of trabecular microfractures, the disruption of intertrabecular connectivity and marked cortical porosity. These changes influence bone quality and may contribute to increased bone fragility in osteoporosis. We also revealed periosteal apposition, which in contrast with the aspects mentioned above, has a beneficial effect on bone strength due to the addition of bone material. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and its prevalence is increasing as the population grows older. The aim of this study is to highlight changes of the bone tissue which occur in osteoporosis and which affect bone quality. We identified several aspects of the bone tissue in osteoporosis such as abundant cement lines, endosteal bone resorption, the presence of thinned bone trabeculae, the presence of trabecular microfractures, the disruption of intertrabecular connectivity and marked cortical porosity. These changes influence bone quality and may contribute to increased bone fragility in osteoporosis. We also revealed periosteal apposition, which in contrast with the aspects mentioned above, has a beneficial effect on bone strength due to the addition of bone material.
GROWTH AND COHORT DYNAMICS OF LARVAL PACIFIC HAKE (MERLUCCIUS PRODUCJUS)

Size-specific mortality rates and stage-based models predict that fast-growing fish larvae experience lower mortality than slow-growing larvae. We provide enipirical evidence that supports this hypothesis, by comparing otolith size-at-age of young larval Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) with back-calculated otolith size-at-age from older larvae collected about 45 days later. The mean back-calculated size-at-age of the larvae surviving beyond 45 days was greater than the average population growth rate of younger larvae sampled earlier. Thus hake larvae with slow growth rates appear to have suffered higher mortality than larvae with faster growth rates.
Trajectory Tracking Motion Control System for Observation Class ROVs

Abstract This paper proposes a MCS (Motion Control System) with trajectory tracking capability for observation class ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicle) used to carry out automated high-resolution image capturing missions, e.g. inspections, mappings, and surveys. The trajectory tracking capability is a key feature to enable the end-users of the ROV technology to acquire sequential high-quality images at proper pace to construct consistent representations of the objects or of the environments of interest. Four degrees-of-freedom are controlled – surge, sway, heave, and yaw. The MCS consists of an output feedback control system that is composed of a high-gain state observer and a MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller, that works aided by reference feedforward. Plant linearisation is performed aiming at improving the tracking performance. Stability and satisfactory performance for suitable and smooth reference trajectories are attained despite the presence of unmodelled dynamics, plant parameter variations, measurement noise, and environmental disturbances. Simulated results based on the model of the NTNU's ROV Minerva are presented.
The effects of transformational leadership on followers’ perceived work characteristics and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study

Abstract Transformational leaders employ a visionary and creative style of leadership that inspires employees to broaden their interest in their work and to be innovative and creative. There is some evidence that transformational leadership style is linked to employee psychological well-being. However, it is not clear whether this is due to (1) a direct relationship between leadership behaviour and affective well-being outcomes, or (2) a relationship between leadership behaviour and well-being that is mediated by followers’ perceived work characteristics. (Such characteristics include role clarity, meaningfulness, and opportunities for development.) This study aims to extend previous work by examining the validity of these two mechanisms in a longitudinal questionnaire study. The study was carried out within the elderly care sector in a Danish local governmental department. A theory-driven model of the relationships between leadership, work characteristics, and psychological well-being was tested using Structural Equation Modelling. The results indicated that followers’ perceptions of their work characteristics did mediate the relationship between transformational leadership style and psychological well-being. However, there was only limited evidence of the existence of a direct path between leadership behaviour and employee well-being. These findings have implications for design, implementation, and management of efforts to improve employee well-being.
Parental marital conflict and divorce, parent‐child relationships, social support, and relationship anxiety in young adulthood

Based on research documenting harmful long-term consequences of parental conflict and divorce for offspring, relations between recollections of parental conflict, parental divorce, and social outcomes in young adulthood were examined. A total sample of 566 young adults from divorced and intact families completed measures of parental conflict, quality of parent–adult child relationships, anxiety in relationships with others, and perceptions of social support from others. As hypothesized, divorce and conflict had significant independent effects on outcomes in young adulthood. Effects of conflict were uniformly negative for quality of parent-child relationships, perceived social support from others, and anxiety in personal relationships. Parental divorce was associated with lower quality father-child relationships, yet divorce was associated with significant positive outcomes for quality of mother-child relationships, social support, independence facilitated by both parents, and reduced anxiety in relationships. Importantly, these effects occurred regardless of participant sex, parental remarriage, and parental socioeconomic status. Many studies have documented short- and long-term negative effects of parental marital conflict and divorce for offspring, including poorer academic, social, and psychological outcomes (Amato & Booth, 1991; Amato & Keith, 1991; Booth & Edwards, 1990). Parental conflict negatively affects children’s attachment to parents and subsequent feelings of security in relationships (Davies & Cummings, 1994), and studies of children and adults suggest that both experiencing parental divorce and growing up in a high-conflict family are associated with long-term decrements in well-being
Local magnetism and spin dynamics of the frustrated honeycomb rhodate Li 2 RhO 3

We report magnetization, heat capacity, $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and muon-spin rotation ($\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$) measurements on the honeycomb $4{d}^{5}$ spin liquid candidate ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{\mathrm{RhO}}_{3}$. The magnetization in small magnetic fields provides evidence of the partial spin-freezing of a small fraction of ${\mathrm{Rh}}^{4+}$ moments at 6 K, whereas the Curie-Weiss behavior above 100 K suggests a pseudo-spin-1/2 paramagnet with a moment of about $2.2{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$. The magnetic specific heat (${C}_{\mathrm{m}}$) exhibits no field dependence and demonstrates the absence of long-range magnetic order down to 0.35 K. ${C}_{\mathrm{m}}/T$ passes through a broad maximum at about 10 K and ${C}_{\mathrm{m}}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{2}$ at low temperatures. Measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation rate ($1/{T}_{1}$) reveal a gapless slowing-down of spin fluctuations upon cooling with $1/{T}_{1}\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{2.2}$. The results from NMR and $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ are consistent with a scenario in which a minority of ${\mathrm{Rh}}^{4+}$ moments are in a short-range correlated frozen state and coexist with a majority of moments in a liquid-like state that continue to fluctuate at low temperatures.
Data Quality Check

Drifting buoy data has a good temporal resolution and position accuracies from 350m for ARGOS buoys to about 50m for GPS buoys, but does not cover all regions and temporal seasons in the southern ocean homogeneously. In contrast, an overview of all time and regions ice motion can be gained from satellite data from polar-orbiting satellites, crossing the region of interest several times a day and so providing daily composite images. Various schemes and algorithms have been developed and tested to determine ice motion out of pairs of sequential radar or passive microwave radiometer images. (see Kwok et al., 1990; Kwok et al., 1998; Maslanik et al., 1998; Liu and Cavalieri, 1998).
A Study of Feedback Provided to Student Teams Engaged in Open-Ended Projects

Laura Hirshfield is a Post-Doctoral Scholar at Oregon State University. She received her B.S. from the University of Michigan and her Ph.D. from Purdue University, both in chemical engineering. She is currently doing research in the engineering education field, investigating technology-mediated active learning in a chemical engineering curriculum. After her post-doc, she plans to pursue a career in academia.