Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Be/X-ray transient 4U 0115+63/V635 Cassiopeiae II. Outburst mechanisms

We present multi-wavelength long-term monitoring observations of V635 Cas, the optical counterpart to the transient X-ray pulsar 4U 0115+63. The evolution of emission lines and photometric magnitudes indicates that the Be star undergoes relatively fast ( (cid:24) 3 − 5 yr) quasi-cyclic activity, losing and reforming its circumstellar disc. We show that the general optical, infrared and X-ray behaviour can be explained by the dynamical evolution of the viscous circumstellar disc around the Be star. After each disc-loss episode, the disc starts reforming and grows until it reaches the radius at which the resonant interaction of the neutron star truncates it. At some point, the disc becomes unstable to (presumably radiative) warping and then tilts and starts precessing. The tilting is very large and disc precession leads to a succession of single-peaked and shell pro(cid:12)les in the emission lines. Type II X-ray outbursts take place after the disc has been strongly disturbed and we speculate that the distortion of the disc leads to interaction with the orbiting neutron star. We discuss the implications of these correlated optical/X-ray variations for the di(cid:11)erent models proposed to explain the occurrence of X-ray outbursts in Be/X-ray binaries. We show that the hypothesis of mass ejection events as the cause of the spectacular variability and the X-ray outbursts is unlikely to be meaningful for any Be/X-ray binary.
International Journal of Current Research in

An experiment was conducted at the Research and Demonstration farm of Enugu State Polytechnic, Iwollo to evaluate the performance of four determinate tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties grown under high tunnel. Four tomato varieties viz., Supremo hybrid, BHN-1021, Roma VF and Iwollo local constituted the treatments. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, disease severity, number of fruits per plant, weight of a fresh fruit and fresh fruit weight per plant. The data collected were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and treatment means separated using least significant difference (LSD) at 0.05 level of probability. The result revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of fruit per plant, weight of a fresh fruit and fresh fruit weight per plant among the tomato varieties with Supremo hybrid variety having superior value in terms overall performance. It could be concluded that Supremo hybrid tomato variety is best suited for cultivation under high tunnel. It is therefore recommended for high tunnel production of tomato in Iwollo. Accepted: 13 September 2016 Available Online: 06 October 2016
Subduction of oceanic asthenosphere: Evidence from sub‐slab seismic anisotropy

The oceanic asthenosphere is characterized as a low viscosity channel down to 200–300 km depth separating the cold lithosphere from above, and it is intimately linked to a layer of low seismic velocity and prominent seismic anisotropy observed globally beneath ocean basins. While subduction of tectonic plates in convergent margins is well recognized, the fate of oceanic asthenosphere remains enigmatic. We demonstrate that subduction of the oceanic asthenosphere characterized by weak azimuthal anisotropy and strong radial anisotropy explains the essence of sub‐slab shear‐wave splitting patterns, where the fast splitting direction changes from predominantly trench‐parallel (or sub‐parallel) under relatively steep subduction zones to frequently trench‐normal under shallow subduction zones. To explain the observed splitting time, the thickness of the subducted asthenosphere is estimated to be 100 ± 50 km.
Estimation of Direct and Indirect Causal Effects in Longitudinal Studies

The causal effect of a treatment on an outcome is generally mediated by several intermediate variables. Estimation of the component of the causal effect of a treatment that is mediated by a given intermediate variable (the indirect effect of the treatment), and the component that is not mediated by that intermediate variable (the direct effect of the treatment) is often relevant to mechanistic understanding and to the design of clinical and public health interventions. Under the assumption of no-unmeasured confounders, Robins & Greenland (1992) and Pearl (2000), develop two identifiability results for direct and indirect causal effects. They define an individual direct effect as the counterfactual effect of a treatment on an outcome when the intermediate variable is set at the value it would have had if the individual had not been treated, and the population direct effect as the mean of these individual counterfactual direct effects. The identifiability result developed by Robins & Greenland (1992) relies on an additional ``No-Interaction Assumption'', while the identifiability result developed by Pearl (2000) relies on a particular assumption about conditional independence in the population being sampled. Both assumptions are considered very restrictive. As a result, estimation of direct and indirect effects has been considered infeasible in many settings. We show that the identifiability result of Pearl (2000), also holds under a new conditional independence assumption which states that, within strata of baseline covariates, the individual direct effect at a fixed level of the intermediate variable is independent of the no-treatment counterfactual intermediate variable. We argue that our assumption is typically less restrictive than both the assumption of Pearl (2000), and the ``No-interaction Assumption'' of Robins & Greenland (1992). We also generalize the current definition of the direct (and indirect) effect of a treatment as the population mean of individual counterfactual direct (and indirect) effects to 1) a general parameter of the population distribution of individual counterfactual direct (and indirect) effects, and 2) change of a general parameter of the population distribution of the appropriate counterfactual treatment-specific outcome. Subsequently, we generalize our identifiability result for the mean to identifiability results for these generally defined direct effects. We also discuss methods for modelling, testing, and estimation, and we illustrate our results throughout using an example drawn from the treatment of HIV infection.
Changes in atmospheric eddy length with the seasonal cycle and global warming

A recent article by Kidston et al. [8] demonstrates that the length of atmospheric eddies increases in simulations of future global warming. This thesis expands on Kidston et al.'s work with additional studies of eddy length in the NCEP2 reanalysis (a model-data synthesis that reconstructs past atmospheric circulation) and general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3. Eddy lengths are compared to computed values of the Rossby radius and the Rhines scale, which have been hypothesized to set the eddy length. The GCMs reproduce the seasonal variation in the eddy lengths seen in the reanalysis. To explore the effect of latent heating on the eddies, a modification to the static stability is used to calculate an effective Rossby radius. The effective Rossby radius is an improvement over the traditional dry Rossby radius in predicting the seasonal cycle of northern hemisphere eddy length, if the height scale used for calculation of the Rossby radius is the depth of the free troposphere. There is no improvement if the scale height is used instead of the free troposphere depth. However, both Rossby radii and the Rhines scale fail to explain the weaker seasonal cycle in southern hemisphere eddy length. In agreement with Kidson et al., the GCMs robustly project an increase in eddy length as the climate warms. The Rossby radii and Rhines scale are also generally projected to increase. Although it is not possible to state with confidence what process ultimately controls atmospheric eddy lengths, taken as a whole the results of this study increase confidence in the projection of future increases in eddy length. Thesis Supervisor: Paul A. O'Gorman Title: Assistant Professor
Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Ovarian Tissue; Estrous Cycle; Sox2; Mouse ABSTRACT: The transcriptional factor Sox2 regulates the expression of some of the developmental genes, which are essential for the maintenance of pluripotency of stem cells. Sox2 also expresses in the female gamete during folliculogenesis, but its role remains ambiguous. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Sox2 in the mice ovarian tissue during different stage of estrous cycle. Adult National Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were considered as pro-estrous, estrous, met-estrous and di-estrous based on the cell type of the vaginal smear. Immunohistochemical staining of Sox2 marker was performed in mice ovarian tissue. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the expression of Sox2 in the cytoplasm of corpus luteum cells, stromal cells and oocyte. Our results suggest that adult mice ovaries accommodate cells carrying stem cell features.
Dynamics of fault‐fluid‐hydrate system around a shale‐cored anticline in deepwater Nigeria

[1] Gas hydrates were recovered by coring at the eastern border of a shale-cored anticline in the eastern Niger Delta. To characterize the link between faults and fluid release and to identify the role of fluid flow in the gas hydrate dynamics, three piezometers were deployed for periods ranging from 387 to 435 days. Two of them were deployed along a major fault linked to a shallow hydrocarbon reservoir while the third monitored the fluid pressure in a pockmark aligned above the same major fault. In addition, 10 ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) were deployed for around 60 days. The piezometers simultaneously registered a prolonged fluid flow event lasting 90 days. During this time, OBS measurements record several episodic fluid release events. By combining and analyzing existing and newly acquired data, we show that the fluid-fault system operates according to the following three stages: (1) upward pore fluid migration through existing conduits and free gas circulation within several shallow sandy layers intersecting the major fault, (2) gas accumulation and pore pressure increases within sandy-silty layers, and (3) hydrofracturing and fluid pressure dissipation through sporadic degassing events, causing pore fluid circulation through shallow sandy layers and drawing overlying seawater into the sediment. This paper clearly demonstrates how an integrated approach based on seafloor observations, in situ measurements, and monitoring is essential for understanding fault-fluid-hydrate systems.
ASSOCIATION FOR CONSUMER RESEARCH Becoming a Mother: the Symbolic Meaning of Pram Consumption in Denmark

Since Schouten’s (1991) seminal contribution on the role of cosmetic surgery in personal rites of passage there has been steady interest in the relationship between symbolic consumption and personal role transitions. The empirical study reported in this paper builds on this work by exploring the association between women’s transition to motherhood and consumption symbolism. Of particular interest is the consumption of prams and their potential in the construction of mothering identities.
Educational inequality and quality of life: A comparative study of secondary schools in Central and Northern Uganda

Objective: Drawing on a comparative analysis from central and northern regions of Uganda, we identified the factors that are associated with educational inequality and quality of life in secondary schools in both regions.Methods: Our sample comprised of 358 students and 72 key informants, primary data were mainly collected through interviews and structured questionnaires. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was done by identifying common themes based on the objectives of the study, while quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Most of the factors that were identified applied to both regions as the central region has a significant number or people from other parts of the country including the northern region. However, some factors were more prevalent in the northern region. Among the factors that were found to bring about inequality in both regions included gender-based inequality, family economic status and policy related factors.Conclusion: Overall, the study concluded that the central region is better equipped to offer quality education due to availability of a better infrastructure and staff remuneration, however, efforts are being made to improve the quality of education in the northern region as well.
Capitals of Culture and the limits of the urban effects in Luxembourg and Sibiu

A mega-event is a replicant: local copy of a global model. The European Capitals of Culture (ECC) is an annual mega-event, currently usually held in two European cities. This paper argues it has three particular dimensions, recognisable from the European Union’s policy. First designed to articulate a European identity, it has been a mover for local urban transformation and city-branding, and later participation. The policy projects Europe as “family of cultures”, which suggests attention for a particular ECC year, when the old Saxon fortress town of Luxembourg hosted the title together with the former Saxon fortress town Sibiu of Romania, which joined the European Union only the same year: 2007. The article asks, what are the limits of the urban effects of the three dimensions of the European Capitals of Culture, using as a method urban art interventions for investigating the limits and potential spatial effects of the ECCs and the extent of the diffusion of institutional elements.
Load transfer platform behaviour in embankments supported on semi-rigid columns: implications of the ground reaction curve

Post-construction data from an instrumented geosynthetic reinforced column supported embankment (GRCSE) on drilled displacement columns in Melbourne, Australia, show the time-dependent development of arching over the 2 year monitoring period and a strong relationship between the development of arching stresses and subsoil settlement. A ground reaction curve is adopted to describe the development of arching stresses and good agreement is found for the period observed thus far. Predictions of arching stresses and load-transfer platform behaviour are presented for the remaining design life. Four phases of arching stress development (initial, maximum, load-recovery, and creep strain phases) are shown to describe the time-dependent, and subsoil-dependent, development of arching stresses that can be expected to occur in many field embankments. Of the four phases, the load-recovery phase is the most important with respect to load-transfer platform design, as it predicts the breakdown of arching stresses in the l.
Priming Ideology? Electoral Cycles Without Electoral Incentives Among U.S. Judges

We find field evidence for what experimental studies have documented regarding the contexts and characteristics that make individuals more susceptible to priming. Just before Presidential elections, unelected U.S. appellate judges double the rate at which they dissent and vote along partisan lines. Dissents occur for miscellaneous procedural, not substantive, issues, on less controversial cases, and by inexperienced judges, judges in ideologically polarized environments, and former federal prosecutors. Consistent with models of endogenous group identity, wartime and 9/11 suppressed dissents, again, especially by judges more prone to priming. We identify a channel for judicial partisanship that is neither legal nor conscious.
EFFECTS OF UN-TREATED SEWAGE SLUDGE ON WHEAT YIELD, METAL UPTAKE BY GRAIN AND ACCUMULATION IN THE SOIL

The high nutrients and organic matter contents of sewage sludge make it an excellent fertilizer to enhance soil fertility and crop production. However, presence of metals is a major problem for such a utilization of sludge. In Pakistan, there are only two-sewage treatment plant, one in Islamabad and the other in Karachi. Due to not having sewage treatment facility, in the country on wide scale, usually sludge is directly mixed with agricultural soil. As the sewage sludge, produced in municipal station, is highly toxic, therefore, there is a danger for the uptake of toxic metals by plant and accumulation in the soil. The present study describes the effects of un-treated sewage sludge on wheat yield and uptake of metals by grain as well as addition of metals to the soil. The treatment consisted of sewage sludge @ 10, 20, 40 & 80 Mg ha -1 , keeping 120:60:60 NPK as a standard application rate (control). The results indicated that the sewage sludge @ 80 Mg ha -1 yielded significantly (p≤0.05) higher when compared with control. Sewage sludge increased the levels of Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd), within the permissible limits, in wheat grain; whereas no significant increase was observed in Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb). Analysis of soil showed significant increases in AB-DTPA-extractable Zinc and Copper and non-significant increases in 0.1N HCl-extactable Lead and Cadmium. It may be concluded that application of sewage sludge was good for improving crop yield but it was also a source of metals. Therefore monitoring of metals, in soils as well as in plant parts, should always be carried out in case of continuous use of sewage sludge.
Meta-Analysis of Psychopharmacologic Treatment of Child and Adolescent Depression: Deconstructing Previous Reviews, Moving Forward

The proliferation of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in the 1980s led to increased use of antidepressant medications for children and adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Since then, there have been 18 reviews of this literature with nine being meta-analytic. Many of these meta-analyses suffer from several methodological problems: did not statistically compare medication efficacy, included only randomized placebo control trials, calculated response rate rather than risk-difference and odds ratio, were conducted prior to the 2009 publication of the PRISMA meta-analyses standards, rarely addressed publication bias, and failed to conduct metaregressions to account for moderator variables. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to address each of these limitations. Results indicated SSRIs were the most effective class of medication with Sertraline having the highest response rate and Citalopram having the lowest response rate. Overall, Nefazodone had the highest response rate of any medication regardless of class, although there was a relatively small sample size (n = 39). When examining publication bias, only SSRIs had statistically significant positive findings. In terms of moderator variables, RCTs and open-label trials predicted response rate, as did age and gender (females).
Benefits Of Computerized Accounting Information Systems On The JIT Production Systems

Advancements in information technology IT have enabled companies to use computers to carry out their activities that were previously performed manually Accounting systems that were previously performed manually can now be performed with the help of computers Therefore improvements in the information technology have facilitated the use of cost and management accounting procedures On the other hand most of the companies have started to apply just in time JIT production system as a tool to become competitive Companies applying JIT production system aim at minimizing all inventory levels and delivering the goods and services to customers on time In this sense use of IT has also helped companies apply JIT production system more effectively The aim of this paper is to identify how improvements in IT have influenced accounting systems More importantly this paper will also focus on examining the benefits of information technology for companies applying JIT production system KeyWords: Information technology Just in Time Computerized Accounting Ozet Bilisim teknolojilerindeki ilerlemeler isletmeleri daha once elle yaptiklari faaliyetleri bilgisayarlar yardimiyla yapmalarini saglamistir Daha once elle tutulan muhasebe kayitlari da artik bilgisayarlar yardimiyla tutulmaktadir Bu sayede bilisim teknolojilerindeki gelismeler maliyet ve yonetim muhasebesi sureclerini kolaylastirmislardir Diger taraftan isletmeler sifir stokla uretim JIT felsefesini uygulamaya calisarak rekabet guclerini artirmak istemektedirler JIT felsefesini uygulayan isletmeler temel olarak her turlu stok seviyelerini ve musteriye urun teslim surelerini azaltmaya calismaktadirlar Bu anlamda bilisim teknolojileri isletmelere JIT felsefesini daha verimli bir sekilde uygulamakta yardimci olmaktadir Bu calismanin temel amaci bilisim teknolojilerinde ortaya cikan gelismelerin muhasebe sistemlerini nasil etkiledigini aciklamaktir Daha da onemlisi bu calisma JIT felsefesini uygulayan isletmeler icin bilisim teknolojilerinin yararlarini ortaya koymaya calisacaktir Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilisim Teknolojileri Sifir Stokla Uretim JIT Bilgisayarli Muhasebe
Volume entropy and generalized Markov system for modelling information flow in a brain graph

Entropy is a classical measure to quantify the amount of information or complexity of a system. Various entropy-based measures such as functional and spectral entropies have been proposed in brain network analysis. However, they are less widely used than traditional graph theoretic measures such as global and local efficiencies because either they are not well-defined on a graph or difficult to interpret its biological meaning. In this paper, we propose a new entropy-based graph invariant, called volume entropy. It measures the exponential growth rate of the number of paths in a graph, which is a relevant measure if information flows through the graph forever. We model the information propagation on a graph by the generalized Markov system associated to the weighted edge-transition matrix. We estimate the volume entropy using the stationary equation of the generalized Markov system. A prominent advantage of using the stationary equation is that it assigns certain distribution of weights on the edges of the brain graph, which we call the stationary distribution. The ̊Corresponding author ̊ ̊Corresponding author Email addresses: slim@snu.ac.kr (Seonhee Lim), dsl@plaza.snu.ac.kr (Dong Soo Lee) Preprint submitted to Journal of LTEX Templates September 2, 2018 ar X iv :1 80 1. 09 25 7v 2 [ qbi o. N C ] 7 M ar 2 01 8 stationary distribution shows the information capacity of edges and the direction of information flow on a brain graph. The simulation results show that the volume entropy distinguishes the underlying graph topology and geometry better than the existing graph measures. In brain imaging data application, the volume entropy of brain graphs was significantly related to healthy normal aging from 20s to 60s. In addition, the stationary distribution of information propagation gives a new insight into the information flow of functional brain graph.