Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An intervention and follow-up study following a suicide attempt in the emergency departments of four general hospitals in Shenyang, China.

BACKGROUND Studies on the effects of interventions in patients who have attempted suicide in China have not reported so far. AIMS To describe the basic situation surrounding the interventions and follow-up of patients who have attempted suicide and to determine whether the interventions would be effective in reducing repeat suicide attempts. METHOD 239 patients who had attempted suicide were evaluated in the emergency departments of four general hospitals. They were randomized into three groups: cognitive therapy group, telephone intervention group, and control group. Postintervention the participants were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months separately by the following measurements: a detailed structured questionnaire, Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (SIS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), and a quality-of-life scale. RESULTS After 12 months, the cumulative dropout rate was 69.5% (n = 57) for the cognitive therapy group, 55.0% (n = 44) for the telephone intervention group, and 64.9% (n = 50) for the control group. One patient (1.2%) in the cognitive therapy group, one patient (1.3%) in the telephone intervention group, and five patients (6.5%) in the control group made at least one subsequent suicide attempt. The rates of repeated attempted suicide among the three groups were not significantly different (χ² = 5.077, p = .08). Five patients (6.1%) received cognitive therapy, and 60 patients (75.0%) received telephone intervention. There were no differences regarding the score of HAMD, a quality-of-life scale, and the rates of subsequent suicide attempt and suicide ideation among the three groups at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The dropout rates were higher than those reported in developed countries. Most participants in the cognitive therapy group refused to receive cognitive therapy so that the effect of cognitive therapy for these patients cannot be evaluated. The participants in the telephone intervention group had good compliance, but the effect of telephone intervention could not be confirmed, so that more studies are needed in the future. Consequently, interventions cannot be evaluated accurately in their preventing suicide attempts for patients who have attempted suicide in China at present.
ACTH and cortisol release following intravenous desmopressin: a dose–response study

Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic analogue of AVP, the companion regulator of corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) in the control of ACTH synthesis and release from the pituitary corticotrophs. The body of evidence from human studies suggests that DDAVP alone, unlike AVP, does not bring about ACTH release, although recent evidence suggests idiosyncracies of response in healthy subjects. We examined whether DDAVP exerted any consistent effect on ACTH and cortisol release, and also if this occurred in a dose‐dependant manner.
Association of a disease approximating cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae of serogroups other than O1 and O139

One hundred and six patients suffering from severe dehydrating diarrhoea were studied of whom 36 patients were positive for Vibrio cholerae. Out of 36, 15 were positive for V. cholerae O1, 10 for V. cholerae O139 and 11 for V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139. O1 and O139 were positive for the 301-bp ctxA amplicon and 471-bp tcpA amplicon indicating that the strains possessed toxigenic capability whereas no non-O1 non-O139 strain possessed ctxA or tcpA genes. Post-admission severity of purging and amount of ORS required were less in the V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 group (P<0·05) compared to the V. cholerae O1 and O139 groups. It appears from this study that a cholera-like clinical condition can be caused in the absence of CT as exemplified by strains of non-O1 non-O139.
The Case for Durative Actions: A Commentary on PDDL2.1

The addition of durative actions to PDDL2.1 sparked some controversy. Fox and Long argued that actions should be considered as instantaneous, but can start and stop processes. Ultimately, a limited notion of durative actions was incorporated into the language. I argue that this notion is still impoverished, and that the underlying philosophical position of regarding durative actions as being a shorthand for a start action, process, and stop action ignores the realities of modelling and execution for complex systems.
Frailty and Body Mass Index as Predictors of 3-Year Mortality in Older Adults Living in the Community

Background: Frailty and body mass index (BMI) are known to be predictive of late life mortality, but little is known about the combined effects of frailty and BMI on mortality. Objective: This study investigated the influence of frailty status and BMI category on mortality in older adults. Methods: Data were from the Living Profiles of Older People Survey, a national survey of community-dwelling older people in Korea, with a baseline study of 11,844 Koreans aged 65 years and older in 2008 and a 3-year follow-up for mortality. Frailty was categorized as not frail, prefrail, and frail, based on five indicators (weight loss, exhaustion, physical activity, walking speed, and grip strength). BMI (kg/m2) was classified as underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), or obese (≥30.0). A Cox proportional model was used to analyze the association of the combined frailty and BMI categories with all-cause mortality, adjusting for sociodemographics and health-related factors. Results: Adjusting for covariates, compared with the normal-weight nonfrail counterpart, the underweight or normal-weight prefrail/frail status demonstrated significantly increased rates of death. The obese frail respondents showed a significantly higher mortality risk (hazard ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-13.28). The overweight prefrail/frail group, however, exhibited no significant association with mortality. Conclusion: Among older people who were of normal weight or underweight, greater frailty was associated with poorer survival. Whereas being overweight tended to be neutral of the influence of frailty on mortality, the obese frail exhibited a significantly elevated rate of death.
Optical Limiting of Carboxyl–Graphene Oxide

Using the Z-scan method, the nonlinear optical absorption property of carboxyl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) was researched for the first time. The strong optical limiting (OL) effect was found in carboxyl-GO, which can be attributed to the two-photon absorption (2PA). At 532-nm excitation condition, the threshold of OL behavior is only 8% of that at 1064 nm excitation, and the saturable intensity Is as well as the 2PA coefficient β2 are 1.31 GW/cm2 and 0.17 cm/GW, respectively. It indicates that carboxyl-GO is an excellent nanomaterial for OL application, especially in short wavelength scope.
The reduced folate carrier (RFC1) 80G>A and folate hydrolase 1 (FOLH1) 1561C>T polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer: A nested case‐referent study

Objective. Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate uptake and metabolism may affect folate status and, thereby, the risk of cancer. In this nested case‐referent study, we related two such polymorphisms, reduced folate carrier (RFC1) 80G>A and folate hydrolase 1 (FOLH1) 1561C>T, to the risk of colorectal cancer, taking into account pre‐diagnostic plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations and the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism, which were analysed in a previous study. Material and methods. Subjects were 220 cases and 414 matched referents from the population‐based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Results. The RFC1 80A‐allele was associated with reduced plasma folate and elevated plasma total homocysteine concentrations, but the result was statistically significant only for folate. In contrast, the FOLH1 1561T‐allele was associated with higher plasma folate and reduced plasma total homocysteine concentrations, and the result was statistically significant only for homocysteine. Neither polymorphism was related to the risk of colorectal cancer, either in univariate analysis or after adjusting for body mass index, current smoking, recreational and occupational physical activity and alcohol intake. Further adjustment for folate or homocysteine status or the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism did not affect risk estimates. Subjects with the RFC1 80AA genotype in combination with low plasma folate concentrations or the MTHFR 677TT genotype had a reduced risk of colorectal cancer of borderline statistical significance. Conclusions. These findings suggest that although the RFC1 80G>A and FOLH1 1561C>T polymorphisms may influence folate status, they are not likely to have a major independent role in the development of colorectal cancer.
The UV–optical colour dependence of galaxy clustering in the local universe

We measure the UV-optical colour dependence of galaxy clustering in the local Universe. Using the clean separation of the red and blue sequences made possible by the NUV - r colour-magnitude diagram, we segregate the galaxies into red, blue and intermediate `green' classes. We explore the clustering as a function of this segregation by removing the dependence on luminosity and by excluding edge-on galaxies as a means of a non-model dependent veto of highly extincted galaxies. We find that xi(r(p), pi) for both red and green galaxies shows strong redshift-space distortion on small scales - the `finger-of-God' effect, with green galaxies having a lower amplitude than is seen for the red sequence, and the blue sequence showing almost no distortion. On large scales, xi(r(p), pi) for all three samples show the effect of large-scale streaming from coherent infall. On scales of 1 h-1 Mpc \textless r(p) \textless 10 h-1 Mpc, the projected auto-correlation function w(p)(r(p)) for red and green galaxies fits a power law with slope gamma similar to 1.93 and amplitude r(0) similar to 7.5 and 5.3, compared with gamma similar to 1.75 and r(0) similar to 3.9 h-1 Mpc for blue sequence galaxies. Compared to the clustering of a fiducial L* galaxy, the red, green and blue have a relative bias of 1.5, 1.1 and 0.9, respectively. The w(p)(r(p)) for blue galaxies display an increase in convexity at similar to 1 h-1 Mpc, with an excess of large-scale clustering. Our results suggest that the majority of blue galaxies are likely central galaxies in less massive haloes, while red and green galaxies have larger satellite fractions, and preferentially reside in virialized structures. If blue sequence galaxies migrate to the red sequence via processes like mergers or quenching that take them through the green valley, such a transformation may be accompanied by a change in environment in addition to any change in luminosity and colour.
Variability of manual dexterity performance in non-human primates ()

The goal of this study was to quantify the inter-individual and intra-individual variability of manual (digits) skill in adult macaque monkeys, over a motor learning phase and, lateron, when motor skills were consolidated. The hypothesis is that several attributes of the stable manual dexterity performance can be predicted from learning characteristics. The behavioral data were collected from 20 adult Macaca fascicularis, derived from their dominant hand, defined as the hand exhibiting a better performance than theother. Two manual dexterity tasks were tested: (i) the modified Brinkman board task, consisting in the retrieval of food pellets placed in 50 slots ina board, using the precision grip (opposition of the thumb and index finger);(ii) the reach and grasp drawer task, in which the grip force and the load force were continuously monitored while the monkey opened a drawer against a resistance, before grasping a pellet inside the drawer. The hypothesis was verified for the performance of manual dexterity after consolidation, correlated with the initial score before learning. Motor habit, reflected by the temporal order of sequential movements executed in the modified Brinkman board task, was established very early during the learning phase. As mostly expected, motor learning led to an optimization of manual dexterity parameters, such as score, contact time, as well as a decrease in intra-individual variability. Overall,the data demonstrate the substantial inter-individual variability of manual dexterity in non-human primates, to be considered for further pre-clinical applications based on this animal model.
The Effect of Stereotype Threat on the Solving of Quantitative GRE Problems: A Mere Effort Interpretation

The mere effort account argues that stereotype threat motivates participants to want to perform well, which potentiates prepotent responses. If the prepotent response is correct, performance is facilitated. If incorrect and participants do not know, or lack the knowledge or time required for correction, performance is debilitated. The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) quantitative test is made up of two problem types: (a) solve problems, which require the solution of an equation, and (b) comparison problems, which require the use of logic and estimation. Previous research shows that the prepotent tendency is to attempt to solve the equations. Consistent with mere effort predictions, Experiment 1 demonstrates that threatened participants perform better than controls on solve problems (prepotent response correct) but worse than controls on comparison problems (prepotent response incorrect). Experiment 2 shows that a simple instruction as to the correct solution approach eliminates the performance deficit on comparison problems.
Assessment of novel fold targets in CASP4: Predictions of three‐dimensional structures, secondary structures, and interresidue contacts

In the Novel Fold category, three types of predictions were assessed: three‐dimensional structures, secondary structures, and residue‐residue contacts. For predictions of three‐dimensional models, CASP4 targets included 5 domains or structures with novel folds, and 13 on the borderline between Novel Fold and Fold Recognition categories. These elicited 1863 predictions of these and other targets by methods more general than comparative modeling or fold recognition techniques. The group of Bonneau, Tsai, Ruczinski, and Baker stood out as performing well with the greatest consistency. In many cases, several groups were able to predict fragments of the target correctly—often at a level somewhat larger than standard supersecondary structures—but were not able to assemble fragments into a correct global topology. The methods of Bonneau, Tsai, Ruczinski, and Baker have been successful in addressing the fragment assembly problem for many but not all the target structures. Proteins 2001;Suppl 5:98–118. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of conserved and novel microRNAs that are responsive to heat stress in Brassica rapa

The species Brassica rapa includes various vegetable crops. Production of these vegetable crops is usually impaired by heat stress. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) in Arabidopsis have been considered to mediate gene silencing in plant response to abiotic stress. However, it remains unknown whether or what miRNAs play a role in heat resistance of B. rapa. To identify genomewide conserved and novel miRNAs that are responsive to heat stress in B. rapa, we defined temperature thresholds of non-heading Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. chinensis) and constructed small RNA libraries from the seedlings that had been exposed to high temperature (46 °C) for 1 h. By deep sequencing and data analysis, we selected a series of conserved and novel miRNAs that responded to heat stress. In total, Chinese cabbage shares at least 35 conserved miRNA families with Arabidopsis thaliana. Among them, five miRNA families were responsive to heat stress. Northern hybridization and real-time PCR showed that the conserved miRNAs bra-miR398a and bra-miR398b were heat-inhibitive and guided heat response of their target gene, BracCSD1; and bra-miR156h and bra-miR156g were heat-induced and its putative target BracSPL2 was down-regulated. According to the criteria of miRNA and miRNA* that form a duplex, 21 novel miRNAs belonging to 19 miRNA families were predicted. Of these, four were identified to be heat-responsive by Northern blotting and/or expression analysis of the putative targets. The two novel miRNAs bra-miR1885b.3 and bra-miR5718 negatively regulated their putative target genes. 5′-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR indicated that three novel miRNAs cleaved the transcripts of their target genes where their precursors may have evolved from. These results broaden our perspective on the important role of miRNA in plant responses to heat.
Epidural Administration of Neostigmine and Clonidine to Induce Labor Analgesia: Evaluation of Efficacy and Local Anesthetic–sparing Effect

Background:Epidural clonidine produces analgesia without motor impairment, and is associated with a local anesthetic–sparing effect during labor. The authors have recently demonstrated that epidural neostigmine initiates selective labor analgesia devoid of adverse effects. Both drugs possess common analgesic mechanisms mediated through spinal acetylcholine release. This study evaluates their epidural combination in parturients. Methods:At the beginning of labor, parturients were randomly allocated to one of five groups to receive one of the following after a test dose: 150 &mgr;g epidural clonidine, 750 &mgr;g neostigmine, or 75 &mgr;g clonidine combined with 250, 500, or 750 &mgr;g neostigmine. A pain score (visual analog scale, 0–100) was recorded before administration and at regular intervals until request for a supplemental injection. Subsequent analgesia was provided by continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine. Results:Parturients did not differ regarding demographic data and initial pain score. Clonidine 150 &mgr;g, neostigmine 750 &mgr;g, and 75 &mgr;g clonidine plus 250 &mgr;g neostigmine produced ineffective and short-lasting effects. Clonidine 75 &mgr;g plus 500 &mgr;g neostigmine and 75 &mgr;g clonidine plus 750 &mgr;g neostigmine presented comparable durations of 90 ± 32 and 108 ± 38 min (mean ± SD), respectively, and final analgesic efficacies, with 72.2% and 84%, respectively, of the parturients reporting a visual analog scale score of less than 30 out of 100 after 30 min. Ropivacaine use was significantly reduced in all clonidine groups (average, 9.5 mg/h) in comparison with neostigmine alone (17 ± 3 mg/h). No adverse effects were observed for 75 &mgr;g clonidine combined with any dose of neostigmine while maternal sedation (20%) and hypotension (33%) occurred with 150 &mgr;g clonidine alone. Conclusions:Epidural clonidine, 75 &mgr;g, with 750 &mgr;g neostigmine is an effective combination to initiate selective labor analgesia without adverse effects. Clonidine use further reduces local anesthetic consumption throughout the course of labor.
Improvement in quality of life after bilateral transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhydrosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES), in alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life for patients in Hawaii. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who had undergone TES were evaluated by phone interview and the SF-36 questionnaire to assess improvements in symptoms and the development of compensatory hyperhydrosis. SF-36 scores were divided into 8 scales and evaluated by one-tailed t-test. RESULTS Since 1999, eight patients (five women and three men, mean age 27.4 years old, range 15-41 yrs) underwent TES without significant complication. Length of hospital stay was less than one day for all patients except one, who stayed four days. Estimated operative blood lost was less than 100 ml and no blood transfusions were required. No Horner's syndrome was suffered. After a mean follow-up of 7.0 months (range 1.2-15.8 months), none of the patients had recurrent symptoms in the palms but all reported moderate compensatory hyperhydrosis located mainly in the trunk and lower extremities (two patients). SF-36 scores showed significant improvements in social functioning (p < 0.005), mental health (p < 0.049), and role-physical (p < 0.020) along with an increase in bodily pain (p < 0.012). CONCLUSION Although TES resulted in some bodily pain and compensatory hyperhydrosis; these elements were outweighed by the improvement in palmar symptoms, social, mental, and role physical functioning, and overall quality of life.
Enamel defects in the primary dentition of preterm and full-term children.

AIM This study compared enamel defects in children born prematurely and at term. METHOD 96 children born at term (G1), and with 96 children born prematurely (G2) were studied. RESULTS A higher prevalence of enamel defects was found in the premature group, with a predominance of hypoplasia. In G1, 64 teeth displayed enamel defects (51 opacities and 13 hypoplasias). In G2, 110 defective teeth were found, (29 opacities and 81 hypoplasias). A significant correlation was found between very low birth weight (VLBW) and the presence of these defects (p < or = 0.001). The teeth most affected were the incisors, canines and molars. CONCLUSION Prematurity, in conjunction with other factors, can predispose children to enamel defects.
Clinical comparison of ethyl acetate and diethyl ether in the formalin-ether sedimentation technique

A substitute for the volatile solvent diethyl ether has been actively sought for the Formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Ethyl acetate has recently been shown to be a comparable substitute. In an effort to verify these findings and evaluate ethyl acetate under clinical conditions, comparison studies with 62 fresh human stool specimens were performed. Parallel concentrates with diethyl ether and ethyl acetate were prepared for each specimen, and the quantity and appearance of recovered parasite species were determined. Ethyl acetate was found comparable to diethyl ether in the quantitative recovery of parasite eggs, cysts, and larvae; no distortion or alteration of parasite morphology was observed with either solvent. More care was required, however, to completely remove the interface plugs of ethyl acetate and prevent their remixing the concentrate sediment. In addition, wet mounts prepared from ethyl acetate concentrates were occasionally obscured by liquid bubbles probably composed of remaining insoluble ethyl acetate. Clinical laboratories considering substituting ethyl acetate for diethyl ether in the Formalin-ether sedimentation technique should be aware of these problems and take the appropriate precautions to avoid them.