Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A design and an application of a regional coupled atmosphere‐ocean model for tropical cyclone prediction

The prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) track has improved greatly in recent decades due in part to the implementation and improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. However, the prediction of TC intensity using NWP models remains difficult. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the factors contributing to the TC intensity prediction errors and one of the leading candidates is the implication of an evolving sea‐surface temperature (SST) boundary condition beneath the TC. In this study, a regional scale coupled atmosphere‐ocean model is developed using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW) model and the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). A coupling algorithm and a methodology to define appropriate ocean initial conditions are provided. Experiments are conducted, during the lifecycle of TC Ike (2008), using both the coupled‐model and static (e.g., temporally fixed) SST to illustrate the impacts of the coupled‐model for the TC track, intensity, and structure, as well as upon the larger (synoptic) scale. The results from this study suggest that the impact of the evolving SST (e.g., from a coupled atmosphere‐ocean model) begin to impact the intensity, size, and thermodynamic structure for TC Ike (2008) at forecast lead‐times beyond 48‐hours. Further, the forecast trajectories (i.e., tracks) do not illustrate large differences between the non‐coupled and coupled‐models. Finally, the impact of the SST boundary condition upon TC Ike (2008) appears to be a function of the strength of the atmospheric forcing – in particular the size and intensity of the TC wind field.
Stability and dynamics of small molecules trapped on graphene

Chromatic and spherical aberration-corrected atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy combined with density-functional theory calculations is employed to elucidate the stability and dynamics of admolecules on suspended graphene. The results presented provide evidence that the interaction between the molecules and hydrogen adatoms leads to a mutual trapping. These ``symbiotic'' configurations can explain the presence of stable admolecules on graphene at ambient temperature. It is proposed to exploit these configurations to functionalize and dope graphene.
Legal Status of Immigrants and Criminal Behavior: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

We estimate the causal effect of immigrants' legal status on criminal behavior exploiting exogenous variation in migration restrictions across nationalities driven by the last round of the European Union enlargement. Unique individual-level data on a collective clemency bill enacted in Italy five months before the enlargement allow us to compare the post-release criminal record of inmates from new EU member countries with a control group of pardoned inmates from candidate EU member countries. Difference-in-differences in the probability of re-arrest between the two groups before and after the enlargement show that obtaining legal status lowers the recidivism of economically motivated offenders, but only in areas that provide relatively better labor market opportunities to legal immigrants. We provide a search-theoretic model of criminal behavior that is consistent with these results.
Can sectionalism be good for solidarity? Some evidence from the maritime construction industry on Tyneside

Sectionalism has historically been viewed as negative in that it isolates workers from a shared sense of a collective identity thereby weakening solidarity. This paper considers the alternative argument that sectionalism can be good for solidarity. It does this by measuring the collective identity of the workforce in the Tyneside Maritime Construction Industry (TMCI) using mobilization theory as a tool for measurement. It discovers that the collective identity does not necessarily develop in one setting but can develop in different stages and at different levels. It also finds that workers may have an association with different collective identities and therefore, the collective identity may take different forms. The collective identity can also divide as well as unite, which implies ‘solidarity within sectionalism’, and in turn it is argued that this brings positivity to the TMCI workforce’s shared collective identity.
Geographic patterns of genetic diversity of Pinus mugo (Pinaceae) in Central European mountains

The genetic diversity within and among twelve populations (379 individuals) of Pinus mugo from the Giant Mts. , Carpathians andAlps was analyzedusing ten chloroplast microsatellite markers. A stepwise mutation model (SMM) for microsatellite loci was used in order to estimate divergence between populations andprovenances from three mountain ranges. High levels of genetic diversity andsignificant differentiation were foundamong the three population groups. The populations from Giant Mts. , Carpathians andAlps were strongly differentiated between each other, while differences among populations within these massifs were much lower. The pattern of genetic structure observedin dwarf mountain pine can be characteristic in coni- fers with a disjunctive geographic distribution. The significant genetic structuring among isolated parts of the geographic range of the species may be a result of an ancient fragmentation andlong lasting geographic isola - tion between the Giant Mts. , Alpine and Tatra populations of P. mugo.
Technology and the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax in Australia: a small business perspective

This paper evaluates the increased use of technology in small businesses in Australia after the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) of 2000. A 2004 qualitative survey of small convenience stores was used to determine the accounting system employed to trace the receipt, and payment, of the Goods and Services tax required by the Australian Tax Office. Although an increase in the use of technology in these small businesses was observed, there was not a corresponding increase in the flow of information for decision-making purposes. Owner/managers still used their accounting information purely for compliance purposes, and did not avail themselves of the increased functionality that these systems offered.
The Potential Role of Tasks in Iranian Pre-university Textbooks

The present study investigated the potential role of tasks in engaging Iranian EFL learners in task-supported language learning, affecting on learner-centered instruction and the correspondence between the objectives and contents in current pre-university English course book (Learning to Read English for Pre-University Students). To do this, 100 Iranian EFL teachers of pre-university grade were invited to participate in this study. They were asked to fill out a 5-point Likert scale checklist (adapted from Lawrence, 2011). The checklist was initially piloted on 20 EFL teachers in order to see to what extent the items were clear and comprehensible to the subjects of the study and to find out the internal consistency or reliability of the items. The results of statistical analyses indicated that teachers tended to agree on the point that tasks have significant capability in engaging learners in communicative language use or taskbased language learning. The vast majority of the teachers expressed that using tasks in textbook can improve learner-centered instruction. The evaluation of the textbook showed the contents are corresponded to their objectives.
Relation between the Center Nucleus of Snow Crystals and Aerosol Particles in Arctic Canada

To clarify the formation mechanisms of the snow crystals of low temperature types, observations on the shapes of snow crystals, the samplings of center nucleus of snow crystals and aerosol particles in the free atmosphere during snowfalls were carried out at Inuvik (68'22'N, 133'42'W), Northwest Territories, Canada from Decem· ber 25,1985 to January 23, 1986. As a result of the analysis, a higher frequency of the element Si as a center nucleus was recognized in all types of snow crystals as a whole. The center nucleus of snow crystals around Inuvik area, therefore, appears to consist of soil components. In the analysis classifying the snow crystals into single crystals and polycrystals, the chemical components of the center nucleus that were found in single crystals were similar to that found in polycrystals in soil components, that is to say, the elements of Si, Al and Ca. The chemical components of the center nucleus found in polycrystals, on the other hand, were higher than that of single crystals in sea salt components such as N a, Mg, CI and K. Furthermore, the sampling of airborne aerosol particles during snowfalls was made, and the analysis of their chemical components was carried out classifying the cold and warm periods when the observa· tion site was covered by the cold Arctic and the relatively warm North Pacific air masses, respectively. During the cold periods, the predominant chemical components were soil particles, and in the warm periods, the predominant chemical components were sea salt particles in the free atmosphere. If the chemical component ratio of the center nucleus of snow crystals was classified into the cold and warm periods, it may be concluded that the general shapes of snow crystals such as plate and column types have a tendency to consist of soil and anthropogenic components as the center nucleus. On the other hand, the peculiar shapes of snow crystals of low temperature types such as gohei twin and seagull types have a tendency to take soil and sea salt components as the center nucleus. This result showed a quite similar tendency which 416 K. Kikuchi, T. Taniguchi and H. Tsujimura was obtained by Kikuchi et al. (1972) in Hokkaido.
Analysis of City Greening Approach to Sustainable Ecosystem Management in Ondo State

The study was carried out to access the “City Greening: A House a Tree” programme of the Ondo state government. Multistage and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 80 respondents utilized for the study while frequency counts and percentages, as well as Pearson Product Moment Correlation, were used in data analysis. The study shows that most of the respondents interviewed were young, married, literate and dominated by Male headed households. Most of them were aware of the tree planting programme through Government officials/ Agricultural Extension agents. The various levels of participation include obtaining seedlings from Ministry of Environment (MOE), Sensitization and Mobilization, Planting of trees, watering of trees and given moral support. Tree species mostly planted are Step by step ( Terminalia mentabris ) and Tropical Almond ( terminalia catapa ). Others are meilgna tree ( Gmeligna arborea ), fruits /Oranges, ( thuja orientals ) and Masquerade tree ( polyathia longifolia ). Most of them planted three to six seedlings, and the rate of survival was very high. The benefits derived from the trees includes: protecting the building from been blown off by wind and reducing excessive environmental heat. It also helped in reducing erosion, creating the opportunity for pleasure and providing food for man/ animals respectively. The highest constraints to the survival of tree planting programme in Ondo state is destruction by domestic animals, followed by lateness in obtaining seedlings from the MOE. The study established a significant relationship between city greening program and sustainable ecosystem management. The study recommends continuous promotion of the program through the use of extension agents, television and radio programmes and the enforcement of Legislations for sustainable ecosystem management.
Trade Openness, Infrastructure, FDI and Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries

This study explores the relationship between trade openness, infrastructure, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth using a panel of forty two sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries over the period 1980-2003. The results show that FDI depends on trade openness and GDP per capita. Further results show that the interaction between trade openness and infrastructure leads to a slight increase in FDI inflows. The results also indicate that FDI has a positive and significant effect on growth. This study will assist policy makers to further increase efforts towards trade openness and infrastructural development to enhance the level of FDI inflow for sustainable growth.
Chemical constituents and evaluation of cytotoxic and antifungal activity of Lantana camara essential oils

The essential oil (EO) of aerial parts of Lantana camara L. , Verbenaceae, from Simoes, Piaui, Northeast of Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. In total, 68 compounds were identified. The most representative compounds of the oil were mono and sesquiterpenes. The main compounds found in the oil of the leaves in different months were β-caryophyllene (10.5%, in June of 2009), sabinene (7.98%, in September of 2008), limonene (7.68%, in September of 2008), spathulenol (11.64%, in September of 2008). The oil from stems of L. camara was characterized by a largest amount of sesquiterpenoids, with spatulenol (15.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (17.1% in June of 2009), as main components. β-Gurjunene (32.7%, in September of 2008) was the most prominent compound in the stems oils, which was absent or at very low relative abundance in leaves. L. camara essential oils from leaves were cytotoxic to V79 mammalian cells and also to Artemia salina, showing 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values from 0.23 µg/mL. The in vitro data obtained in this study suggested that EO may also be effective treating yeast infection in patients infected with fluconazole and terbinafine resistant isolates, but its toxicity must be monitored carefully.
Pipe3D, a pipeline to analyse integral field spectroscopy data: II. Analysis sequence and CALIFA dataproducts

We present Pipe3D, an analysis pipeline based on the FIT3D fitting tool, devel- oped to explore the properties of the stellar populations and ionized gas of Integral Field Spectroscopy data. Pipe3D was created to provide with coherent, simple to distribute, and comparable dataproducts, independently of the origin of the data, focused on the data of the most recent IFU surveys (e.g., CALIFA, MaNGA, and SAMI), and the last generation IFS instruments (e.g., MUSE). Along this article we describe the different steps involved in the analysis of the data, illustrating them by showing the dataproducts derived for NGC 2916, observed by CALIFA and P-MaNGA. As a practical use of the pipeline we present the complete set of dataproducts derived for the 200 datacubes that comprises the V500 setup of the CALIFA Data Release 2 (DR2), making them freely available through the network (this ftp URL). Finally, we explore the hypothesis that the properties of the stellar populations and ionized gas of galaxies at the effective radius are representative of the overall average ones, finding that this is indeed the case.
Prospects for economic governance: resilient pro‐poor growth

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential of the present drivers of economic governance, trade and investment, and also to envision their intersections and cross-cutting impacts on poverty and human development. Design/methodology/approach – A general review is employed to highlight scenarios shaping Africa’s economic governance and the magnitude of their impact on pro-poor growth. Potential responses are identified to address African vulnerabilities to poor governance and alternative dimensions to achievable equitable future are recommended for implementing those measures as a way forward. Findings – The paper observes that changes to the policy environment should include reform in Africa’s governance and policy processes by supporting participation by a variety of actors including the poor rural farmers and women among others. Research limitations/implications – A broader literature review to support some of the recommended alternative dimensions is needed. Practical implications – The existing economic governance structure in Africa does not include stakeholders. Changes to the policy environment should include reform in Africa’s economic governance and policy processes by supporting participation by a variety of actors including the poor rural actors (farmers and women) among other underrepresented groups. Originality/value – The paper uses foresight and futures in discussing alternative scenarios for economic governance as relatives to poverty reductions and human development.
IN VITRO MEIOTIC MATURATION OF MOUSE OOCYTES: ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE

In this experiment we used cultured mouse cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEOs) and denuded oocytes (DOs) to study the function of nitric oxide (NO) in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. CEOs and DOs were cultured in a medium containing 4 mM hypoxanthine (HX) to maintain meiotic arrest, in maturation medium (without HX) supplemented with different doses of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor), and in N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (inhibitor of NO synthase). NOS inhibitor suppressed the formation of first polar body (PB1) of the oocytes in CEOs in a dose dependent manner, but no effect on germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) was observed. Treatments of low concentrations of SNP stimulated significantly the oocyte meiotic maturation of CEOs which were inhibited with HX, but had no effect on DOs in the same culture medium. The treatment with high concentrations of SNP (0.1-2 mM) during the CEOs cultured in maturation medium resulted in a lower percentage of oocytes at PB1 stage and a higher percentage of atypical oocytes. A dose of SNP at 1 mM exhibited significant inhibitory effect on the formation of PB1, and the number of atypical oocytes compared with control. The results showed that the treatment with 1 mM concentration of SNP could significantly delay GVBD during the first 5 h culture period. The concomitant addition of L-NAME with SNP did not reverse the inhibitory effect of SNP on CEOs. Pre-incubation use of SNP did not have any effect on oocyte maturation. These data support the idea that NO could act in mouse meiotic maturation depending on its concentration.
Slum tourism: state of the art

This article provides a view on the state-of-the-art literature on slum tourism. It points to the rapid growth of slum tourism research in recent years and highlights the main avenues that research has thus far explored in areas such as slum tourism history, slum tourist subjectivity, resident perspectives, slum tourism operations, economics, and mobilities. With the advent of slum tourism the relationship of poverty and tourism has changed. Tourism is no longer only a means to fight poverty, but poverty is an attraction of tourism. This has consequences for the relationship of slum tourism to other forms of tourism where poverty functions as an attraction, like volunteer or developmental tourism. The article identifies research gaps as well as avenues for further research.
EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICIT IN TWO PHENOLOGICAL STAGES ON PRODUCTION OF JAPANESE CUCUMBER CULTIVED IN GREENHOUSE

The experiment was performed in the experimental area of the Engineering Department Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. It aimed at identifying the adequate irrigation management of the greenhouse-cultivated Japanese cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). complete randomized design, with four levels of soil water potential (15; 30; 60 e 120 kPa) at two phenological phases (vegetative and reproductive), and 5 replications. Overall, the results showed decrease of yield according to increase of soil water potentials. During the reproductive stage, Japanese cucumber plants were more sensitive to water deficit, resulting in further decrease in yield compared to applied water deficit during the vegetative stage of the culture.
Argillization of topaz-bearing granites in the Hub stock, Horni Slavkov-Krasno Sn-W ore district (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic)

Argillized granites from the Hub stock contain a clay mineral assemblage formed by dickite, illite, tosudite and smectite. These granites occur in the upper part of the topaz granite stock, immediately beneath topaz–mica greisens consisting of quartz, clay minerals, lithium mica (protolithionite) and topaz. Argillized granites are enriched in Si (up to 78 wt.% SiO2), Fe (0.5– 3 wt.% FeOtot.), F (up to 1.6 wt.%), Rb (830–1380 ppm), Li (515–2317 ppm), Nb (25–435 ppm) and Ta (21–64 ppm), but poor in Th (2–9 ppm), Zr (7–35 ppm) and bulk of REE (3–7 ppm). Newly recognized tosudite was identified on the basis of d (001) 29.4 Å XRD reflection on natural, oriented sample and 31.6 Å reflection after ethylene glycol treatment. The d (060) reflection appeared at 1.493 Å. The tosudite originated, according to fluid inclusion study of quartz from quartz veins at temperatures of 374–393 oC. The hydrothermal activity of Li-enriched solutions, originated by muscovitization of Li-micas from greisenized topaz–albite granites and greisens was satisfactory for the formation of tosudite. The clay mineral assemblage (dickite, illite and smectite) originated, according to fluid inclusion study of fluorite, at temperatures ranging between 90 oC and 185 oC. ARTICLE INFO
Exploring genetics underlying respiratory disorders in dairy calves using producer-recorded data

Genetic analysis of respiratory disorders in Holstein calves have been developed using producer-recorded data and the single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) methodology. Phenotypic data on respiratory events up to one year of age have been obtained from herd management software backup files provided directly from about 300 dairies upon obtaining owners’ permission. The following traits were included in the analysis: respiratory diseases from 0-3 (RESP1), 4-14 (RESP2), 15-50 (RESP3), 51-365 (RESP4) and 0-365 days of age (RESPA). Each trait was defined as a binary event, having a value of one if an animal has been recorded with a disorder, and zero otherwise. The number of phenotypic records ranged from about 224,000 for RESP1 to approximately 874,000 for RESPA, with the prevalence ranging from 4.6% (RESP1) to 20.2% (RESPA). All traits were analyzed using a univariate threshold animal model, including fixed effect of year of birth x calving season x region and random effects of herd x year of birth and animal. Heritabilities, estimated on the liability scale, ranged from 0.039 (RESP4) to 0.097 (RESP1). A total of 45,425 SNPs were used in genomic analyses. Over 292K genotyped animals were included in the evaluation. Animals genotyped with low density chips were imputed to the required number of SNPs using Fimpute software. All analyses were performed using the ssGBLUP implementing the ‘algorithm for proven and young animals’ (APY) designed to accommodate very large number of genotypes. Predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) were expressed in percentage points as deviations from the average estimated probability of a disorder in the base population. Reliabilities of breeding values were obtained by approximation in which the genotype contribution was approximated using the diagonal values of the genomic relationship matrix. Estimated genomic PTAs and reliabilities were approximately normally distributed for all traits, with reliabilities for genotyped animals without own phenotypes reaching average values between 38% (RESP4) and 50% (RESP1). Genome-wide association analyses were conducted with a subset of genotyped animals using single-step GWAS (ssGWAS) approach with a 10 SNP sliding window. Regions explaining most genetic variance were found on chromosomes 1, 2, 9, 14, 27, and X. Some of those regions contained genes that may be involved in physiological pathways affecting respiratory health of dairy calves.