Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CIMEV: CASTER-WHEELED INDEPENDENT- MOTOR-DRIVEN ELECTRIC VEHICLE, ITS DESIGN AND CONTROL AS A FUTURE MOBILITY SOLUTION

This paper presents a novel chassis structure for advanced mobility platforms, using caster wheels with disturbance observers, and independent driving motors. The system consists of two independent driving wheels and two caster wheels. The proposed configuration enables the vehicle to have: a low mechanical stiffness against the direct yaw moment input because caster wheels are free to rotate; and high static stability because of the four wheels having a large base geometry. In addition, by introducing disturbance observers, the vehicle was given enhanced mobility and safety characteristics. A number of advantages, which include small-radius turning, under-steer gradient control, load transfer estimation, of the proposed system are shown and discussed with experimental results throughout the paper.
B cell tolerance induced by polymeric antigens. I. Comparison of thedose and epitope density requirement for inactivation of primed and unprimed B cells in vivo

Hapten [2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP)]‐specific tolerance was induced in nonimmun or DNP‐hemocyanin (DNP‐KLH) primed mice by administering hapten‐conjugated type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (DNP‐lys‐S3). The dose of DNP‐lys2.5−S3 required to suppress the primary anti‐DNP antibody responses was appaprox‐imately ten times higher than that required to suppress the secondary response Large doses of lightly substituted antigen (DNP‐lys0.6−S3) had no effect on prim‐ary antibody responses, while small doses of this conjugate suppressed 90—95 % of the secondary response. The conclusion from this (presumably B cell) tolerance model is that B lymphocytes “mature” in their susceptibility to tolerization following primary contact with immunogen, since primed cells are inactivated by lower doses of tolerogen, and by tolerogen with lower epitope density, than no immune B cells. These and other data suggest that the tolerance threshold of B lymphocytes is related to their state of differentiation, and especially to their antigen‐binding characteristics.
Relation between Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Explained by a Model of Oxygen Exchange

The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) are major determinants of the contrast in functional magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging. However, the coupling between CBF and CMRO2 during cerebral activation remains controversial. Whereas most of the previous models tend to show a nonlinear coupling, experimental studies have led to conflicting conclusions. A physiologic model was developed of oxygen transport through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) for dynamic and stationary states. Common model simplifications are proposed and their implications for the CBF/CMRO2 relation are studied. The tissue oxygen pool, the BBB permeability, and the hemoglobin dissociation curve are physiologic parameters directly involved in the CBF/CMRO2 relation. We have been shown that the hypothesis of a negligible tissue oxygen pool, which was admitted by most of the previous models, implies a tight coupling between CBF and CMRO2. By relaxing this hypothesis, a real uncoupling was allowed that gives a more coherent view of the CBF/CMRO2 relation, in better agreement with the hypercapnia data and with the variability reported in experimental works for the relative changes of those two variables. This also allows a temporal mismatch between CBF and CMRO2, which influences the temporal shape of oxygenation at the capillary end.
18F-FDG kinetics and gene expression in giant cell tumors.

UNLABELLED 18F-FDG kinetics were evaluated by use of compartment and noncompartment models of giant cell tumors. The kinetic data were compared with the gene expression data for a subgroup of patients. METHODS Nineteen patients with giant cell tumors were examined with PET and 18F-FDG, and tracer kinetics were assessed quantitatively. A 2-compartment model, including the transport constants k1-k4 as well as the vascular fraction (VB) for 18F-FDG, was used for evaluation of the data. A noncompartment model was used to calculate the fractal dimension of the 18F-FDG time-activity curve to assess the heterogeneity of the tracer kinetics. Furthermore, tumor specimens obtained from 5 patients were assessed with gene chip technology (U95A), and these data were compared with the quantitative 18F-FDG data. RESULTS The giant cell tumors showed generally enhanced 18F-FDG uptake 1 h after tracer application, with a mean 18F-FDG standardized uptake value (SUV) of 4.8 (range, 1.8-9.4). Quantitative evaluation of tracer kinetics showed a preferential increase for 18F-FDG transport, with a mean k1 of 0.340. The vascular fraction accounted for 35% of the tumor volume and was high compared with those for other tumors, such as soft-tissue sarcomas. 18F-FDG kinetics were heterogeneous, with a fractal dimension of 1.3. Gene chip analysis showed that the expression of 137 genes (1.1%) exceeded the median expression value of the reference gene, beta2-microglobulin. The highest expression was observed for the gene for the small, leucine-rich proteoglycan I (biglycan), which is important for bone cell differentiation and proliferative activity. Correlation analysis revealed an association of 18F-FDG data with the expression of several genes. Mainly genes related to angiogenesis were associated with the compartment parameters. The SUV at 56-60 min was correlated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (angiogenesis) and cell division cycle 2 protein (proliferation). CONCLUSION Despite their classification as benign tumors, giant cell tumors have generally enhanced 18F-FDG uptake, mainly attributable to an enhanced vascular fraction and increased 18F-FDG transport. A comparison of gene chip data and 18F-FDG kinetic data showed a close association of quantitative 18F-FDG results and the expression of genes related to angiogenesis.
Reliability and Factor Structure of the Finnish Version of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and factor structure of the Finnish version of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire, a measure which examines cognitive and motivational functions of imagery. The final sample comprised 231 participants drawn from 34 sports and ranging in age from 14 to 49 years (M = 20.9, SD= 5.8). Internal consistency and confirmatory factor analyses were undertaken to evaluate the reliability and factorial validity of the scale. Fit indices and modification data generated from examining the 30-item five-factor model were equivocal, suggesting minor amendment and recategorization of several items rather than major adjustment to the proposed latent factor structure. Cronbach coefficients alpha indicated the scale is reliable. Overall, these results provide positive additional support for the claim that the Sport Imagery Questionnaire has a reproducible factor structure and is a reliable test for measuring imagery use in Finnish athletes.
Preliminary evaluation of an observational measure of group cohesion for group psychotherapy.

OBJECTIVE Group psychotherapy research would benefit from an observational measure of group cohesion to complement existing self-report measures. This study introduces the Therapy Process Observational Coding System-Group Cohesion scale (TPOCS-GC), which observationally assesses cohesion between each member and the group. METHOD In total 27 parents participated in a group parent-training social competency intervention for children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Independent coders double-coded group cohesion and the alliance in 144 client-sessions. Parents, teachers, and children completed cognitive, behavioral, and therapy participation measures. RESULTS The TPOCS-GC demonstrated modest to strong item-level interrater reliability and acceptable internal consistency. Group cohesion evidenced moderate stability over the course of treatment. Relations between TPOCS-GC and theoretically linked and unrelated variables provided some evidence for construct and predictive validity. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that the TPOCS-GC is a reliable instrument that may help fill an instrumentation gap in the field.
Measuring pregnancy planning: A psychometric evaluation and comparison of two scales

AIMS To psychometrically test the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy and compare it with the Swedish Pregnancy Planning Scale. BACKGROUND The incidence of unplanned pregnancies is an important indicator of reproductive health. The London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy measures pregnancy planning by taking contraceptive use, timing, intention to become pregnant, desire for pregnancy, partner agreement, and pre-conceptual preparations into account. It has, however, previously not been psychometrically evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. The Likert-scored single-item Swedish Pregnancy Planning Scale has been developed to measure the woman's own view of pregnancy planning level. DESIGN Cross-sectional design. METHODS In 2012-2013, 5493 pregnant women living in Sweden were invited to participate in the Swedish Pregnancy Planning study, of whom 3327 (61%) agreed to participate and answered a questionnaire. A test-retest pilot study was conducted in 2011-2012. Thirty-two participants responded to the questionnaire on two occasions 14 days apart. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis, Cohen's weighted kappa and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS All items of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy contributed to measuring pregnancy planning, but four items had low item-reliability. The London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy and Swedish Pregnancy Planning Scale corresponded reasonably well with each other and both showed good test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION The London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy may benefit from item reduction and its usefulness may be questioned. The Swedish Pregnancy Planning Scale is time-efficient and shows acceptable reliability and construct validity, which makes it more useful for measuring pregnancy planning.
Long‐term experimental warming alters community composition of ascomycetes in Alaskan moist and dry arctic tundra

Arctic tundra regions have been responding to global warming with visible changes in plant community composition, including expansion of shrubs and declines in lichens and bryophytes. Even though it is well known that the majority of arctic plants are associated with their symbiotic fungi, how fungal community composition will be different with climate warming remains largely unknown. In this study, we addressed the effects of long‐term (18 years) experimental warming on the community composition and taxonomic richness of soil ascomycetes in dry and moist tundra types. Using deep Ion Torrent sequencing, we quantified how OTU assemblage and richness of different orders of Ascomycota changed in response to summer warming. Experimental warming significantly altered ascomycete communities with stronger responses observed in the moist tundra compared with dry tundra. The proportion of several lichenized and moss‐associated fungi decreased with warming, while the proportion of several plant and insect pathogens and saprotrophic species was higher in the warming treatment. The observed alterations in both taxonomic and ecological groups of ascomycetes are discussed in relation to previously reported warming‐induced shifts in arctic plant communities, including decline in lichens and bryophytes and increase in coverage and biomass of shrubs.
[Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from Polygonum perfoliatum].

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Polygonum perfoliatum. METHODS The chemical constituents of Polygonum perfoliatum were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and Semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of compounds were elucidated and identified by physicochemical properties, H-NMR, 13C-NMR and ESI-MS. RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and identified as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldEhyde (1), methyl caffeoate (2), protocatechuic aldehyde (3), quercetin (4), pinocernbrin (5), catechin (6), taxifolin (7), taxifolin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (8), 13-epitorulosal (9), coumarin-7-O-beta-D-glucose glycosidic (10). CONCLUSION [corrected] Compounds 6-9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
Modeling High-Frequency Magnetic Losses in Transverse Anisotropy Amorphous Ribbons

The superior high-frequency magnetic behavior of transverse anisotropy amorphous ribbons can be qualitatively interpreted in terms of rotation dominated magnetization process and quantitatively predicted describing the spin dynamics by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation in association with the electromagnetic diffusion equation. The theory is applied to comprehensive measurements performed on Co-based alloys, tested as field-annealed tapewound rings from dc to 1 GHz with combination of fluxmetric and transmission line methods. The LLG equation is numerically solved considering the role of magnetostatic, exchange, anisotropy, eddy current, and applied fields. It accurately describes the high-frequency energy losses, ensuing from eddy currents, and spin damping. By further considering the low-frequency domain wall contribution, a full scenario for the broadband losses is achieved.
Window Dressing in Mutual Funds

We provide a rationale for window dressing wherein investors respond to conflicting signals of managerial ability inferred from a fund's performance and disclosed portfolio holdings. We contend that window dressers make a risky bet on their performance during a reporting delay period, which affects investors' interpretation of the conflicting signals and hence their capital allocations. Conditional on good (bad) performance, window dressers benefit (suffer) from higher (lower) investor flows compared with non–window dressers. Window dressers also show poor past performance, possess little skill, and incur high portfolio turnover and trade costs, characteristics which in turn result in worse future performance.
El conjunto ruprestre de La Rambla de Gérgal (Gérgal, Almería). Nuevos descubrimientos y apreciaciones cronológicas

Distribuidos por el ambito de la provincia de Almeria, conocemos un conjunto numeroso de abrigos con pinturas rupestres. Su localizacion geografica se concentra, en estos momentos, en dos areas bien definidas: la Comarca de los V elez -cuyas sierras albergan la mayor parte de los mismos- y la Sierra de los Filabres, eje de la provincia. Al margen de estas dos zonas, existen algunos abrigos que, aunque en evidente relacion, podriamos considerar como aislados y que vienen a ampliar el horizonte artistico rupestre.
Gout: epidemiology and lifestyle choices

Purpose of reviewRecent scientific data serve to illuminate the links between dietary and other factors and the incidence of gout. This review summarizes recent literature about the prevalence and incidence of gout as well as risk factors for gout. Recent findingsEpidemiologic studies suggest that the overall disease burden of gout is substantial and growing. Gout seems to be relatively common not only in men but also in older women. A recent large prospective study investigated several purported dietary factors for gout and confirmed some of the long-standing suspicions (red meats, seafood, beer, and liquor), exonerated others (total protein, wine, and purine-rich vegetables), and also identified potentially new protective factors (dairy products). A study based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey suggested that these factors affect serum uric acid levels parallel to the direction of risk of gout. In addition, adiposity, weight gain, hypertension, and diuretics were all found to be independent risk factors for incident gout, whereas weight loss was found to be protective. SummaryThe disease burden of gout remains substantial and may be increasing. Some of the recently confirmed lifestyle factors may explain the increasing incidence of gout. The public health implications of dietary and lifestyle recommendations should take into account other associated health benefits and risks, because many of these factors have health effects beyond their influence on gout.
Assessment of risks by predicting counterfactuals

Risk assessment is fundamental to most epidemiological and biomedical investigations. In this article, risks are assessed in terms of risk difference and risk ratio by predicting counterfactual outcomes. Models considered for binary outcomes are probit, logistic, and extreme‐value regressions. New confidence intervals for the effect measures are proposed using the method of variance estimates recovery, and evaluated by a simulation study. A SAS macro is provided for the calculations. A risk ratio obtained using counterfactuals is also compared in the simulation with that directly estimated from the modified Poisson model to answer a recent concern about the validity of the latter approach. Two examples are used to illustrate the methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vertebral Angiography in the Diagnosis of Ventricular Dilatation

SJÖGREN (1953) and LÖFGREN (1956) found that hydrocephalus could be detected by means of vertebral angiography as evidenced by straightening of the posterior cerebral arteries. LÖFGREN was however unable to detect ventric­ ular dilatation when the degree of hydrocephalus was less than 0.5. The degree of hydrocephalus is usually expressed in the neuroradiologic literature as the quotient of the greatest width of the lateral ventricle as measured in the frontal projection in pneumography and the greatest internal width of the correspond­ ing half of the cranium (LINDGREN 1951). LÖFGREN concluded that hydroceph­ alus may be demonstrated by vertebral angiography when the greatest breadth of the lateral ventricle is about one-half the greatest internal breadth of the corresponding half of the cranium, or in other words, not until hydro­ cephalus is considerable. Straightening of the posterior cerebral artery in ven­ tricular dilatation is consequently a late feature. Little, if any, attention is how­ ever paid in the literature to the centrally located vessels that are in close con­ nection with the lateral ventricles. These are the medial and lateral choroid arteries and the posterior pericallosal artery as well as the small veins within the tela choroidea, vessels that are filled on vertebral angiography. JOHANSSON (1954) described alterations in the internal and posterior cerebral veins caused by ven-
Tractor seating for operators with paraplegia

ABSTRACT This feasibility study explored the utility of using a pressure mapping instrument to explore the variable of pressure under subjects sitting on a commonly used tractor seat, and four other cushion interventions. The research model used single-subject with repeated measures during simulated tractor operation. In examining the graphical images and pressure mapping data available from the instrument; the contour tractor seat used in this study was not sufficient in redistributing pressure for people with paraplegia operating tractors, putting them at greater risk for acquiring a pressure ulcer. The use of pressure mapping equipment to study seated pressure within dynamic environments is achievable, and further studies need to be performed and replicated in simulated or in vivo environments. The data in this study suggest people with paraplegia operating agricultural equipment may not have acceptable pressure distribution using the manufacturer’s installed seat and must rely on adding wheelchair cushions or other materials to the seat surface to create acceptable pressure distribution. However, doing so changes other aspects of the seating micro or macro climate that can also be problematic.
Oberlies " Identification of Hepatoprotective Flavonolignans from Silymarin

Silymarin, also known as milk thistle extract, inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and also displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions that contribute to its hepatoprotective effects. In the current study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective actions of the seven major flavonolignans and one flavonoid that comprise silymarin. Activities tested included inhibition of: HCV cell culture infection, NS5B polymerase activity, TNF-α-induced NF-κB transcription, virus-induced oxidative stress, and T-cell proliferation. All compounds were well tolerated by Huh7 human hepatoma cells up to 80 μM, except for isosilybin B, which was toxic to cells above 10 μM. Select compounds had stronger hepatoprotective functions than silymarin in all assays tested except in T cell proliferation. Pure compounds inhibited JFH-1 NS5B polymerase but only at concentrations above 300 μM. Silymarin suppressed TNF-α activation of NF-κB dependent transcription, which involved partial inhibition of IκB and RelA/p65 serine phosphorylation, and p50 and p65 nuclear translocation, without affecting binding of p50 and p65 to DNA. All compounds blocked JFH-1 virus-induced oxidative stress, including compounds that lacked antiviral activity. The most potent compounds across multiple assays were taxifolin, isosilybin A, silybin A, silybin B, and silibinin, a mixture of silybin A and silybin B. The data suggest that silymarinand silymarin-derived compounds may influence HCV disease course in some patients. Studies where standardized silymarin is dosed to identify specific clinical endpoints are urgently needed.
Taxonomic Status of Three Types of Fejervarya cancrivora from Indonesia and Other Asian Countries Based on Morphological Observations and Crossing Experiments

Although the crab-eating frog Fejervarya cancrivora is one of the most widely distributed species in Asian region, taxonomic relationships among different populations remain unclarified. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the taxonomic status of F. cancrivora from Indonesian and other Asian populations. Five populations of F. cancrivora from Selangor (Malaysia), Cianjur (Java, Indonesia), Trat (Thailand), Khulna (Bangladesh), and Makassar (Sulawesi, Indonesia) were morphologically observed and subjected to crossing experiments. Principal component and clustering analyses revealed that these five populations could be organized into three groups corresponding to three observed morphological types: a Selangor and Cianjur group (large-type), a Trat and Khulna group (mangrove-type), and a Makassar group (Sulawesi-type). The limited crossing experiments revealed that hybrids between Selangor females and Cianjur and Trat males developed normally, whereas hybrids between Selangor females and Khulna males showed incomplete gametic isolation. Histological observations of the testes of mature males revealed the presence of pycnotic nuclei in the hybrids between Selangor females and Khulna males in addition to normal bundles of spermatozoa. In contrast, no pycnotic nuclei were observed in the Selangor controls. Although meiotic metaphases in the controls were normal, those in hybrids showed several abnormalities, such as the appearance of univalents and an increase in rod-shaped bivalents. Based on our findings from the morphological observations and crossing experiments, we conclude that each of three identified types represents a distinct species. We propose that the large-type is F. cancrivora, the mangrove-type is F. moodiei, and the Sulawesi-type represents an undescribed species.