Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENE FLOW IN CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA (LEGUMINOSAE) I. GENE DISPERSAL

Both pollen and seed dispersal components of gene flow were examined in the annual plant Chamaecrista fasciculata (Leguminosae) and quantified in terms of Wright's neighborhood area. Pollen dispersal was estimated by measuring pollinator flight movement throughout the flowering season and the contribution of pollen carryover to pollen dispersal was determined by comparing pollinator flight movement with dispersal of electrophoretic markers in an experimental transect. Phenological effects on the probability of fruit set were measured to determine whether pollinations should be weighted differentially across the flowering season. The outcrossing rate, a major determinant of the role of pollen dispersal in gene flow, was estimated from electrophoretic analysis of progeny arrays and by measuring the proportion of nongeitonogamous pollinator flight movements. Seed dispersal was measured in a prairie habitat and in experimental plots without surrounding vegetation.
Albinism in Nigeria with delineation of new recessive oculocutaneous type

Seventy‐nine Nigerian oculocutaneous albinos were investigated. Fifty‐six had typical tyrosinase‐positive albinism (TPA) and 23 had brown albinism (BA), a new oculocutaneous type. The TPA were characterized by localized but no generalized skin pigment, yellow hair, blue to brown irides, nystagmus, and reduced or absent retinal pigment. Localized skin pigment included freckles and lentigines. The iris and skin pigment were the result of the slow accumulation of pigment with age as both were found in older individuals. The most severe skin changes were premalignant keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, and the skin malignancies were the major factor in limiting the lifespan for TPA. The BA were characterized by generalized light brown skin pigment, light brown hair, blue to brown irides, nystagmus, and reduced retinal pigment. There was little accumulation or change of pigment in the eyes or skin with age. The generalized light skin pigment was effective in reducing sensitivity to solar radiation and very few BA had premalignant keratoses. Pedigree analysis for BA suggested an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
Hypovitaminosis D and 'functional hypoparathyroidism'-the NoNoF (Nottingham Neck of Femur) study.

BACKGROUND calcium and vitamin D deficiency are common in elderly people and lead to increased bone loss, with an enhanced risk of osteoporotic fractures. Although hip fractures are a serious consequence, few therapeutic measures are given for primary or secondary prevention. A combination of calcium and vitamin D may not be the most effective treatment for all patients. OBJECTIVE to investigate the effects of hypovitaminosis D on the calcium-parathyroid hormone endocrine axis, bone mineral density and fracture type, and the optimal role of combination calcium and vitamin D therapy after hip fracture in elderly patients. DESIGN a population-based, prospective cohort study. METHODS 150 elderly subjects were recruited from the fast-track orthogeriatric rehabilitation ward within 7 days of surgery for hip fracture. This ward accepts people who live at home and are independent in activities of daily living. All subjects had a baseline medical examination, biochemical tests (parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and were referred for bone densitometry. RESULTS at 68%, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (25-hydroxyvitamin D<30 nmol/l) was high. However, only half the patients had evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism, the rest having a low to normal level of parathyroid hormone ('functional hypoparathyroidism'). Patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypovitaminosis D had a higher mean corrected calcium, higher 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, lower hip bone mineral density and an excess of extracapsular over intracapsular fractures than the 'functional hypoparathyroid' group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION there is a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in active, elderly people living at home who present with a hip fracture. However, secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs in only half of these patients. This subgroup attempts to maintain calcium homeostasis but does so at the expense of increased bone turnover, leading to amplified hip bone loss and an excess of extracapsular over intracapsular fractures. Combination calcium and vitamin D treatment may be effective in preventing a second hip fracture in these patients, but its role in patients with hypovitaminosis D without secondary hyperparathyroidism and 'vitamin D-replete' subjects needs further evaluation.
Incorporation of poison center services in a state-wide overdose education and naloxone distribution program.

BACKGROUND To help curb the opioid overdose epidemic, many states are implementing overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs. Few evaluations of these programs exist. Maryland's OEND program incorporated the services of the poison center. It asked bystanders to call the poison center within 2 hours of administration of naloxone. Bystanders included law enforcement (LE). OBJECTIVE Description of the initial experience with this unique OEND program component. METHODS Retrospective case series of all cases of bystander-administered naloxone reported to the Maryland Poison Center over 16 months. Cases were followed to final outcome, for example, hospital discharge or death. Indications for naloxone included suspected opioid exposure and unresponsiveness, respiratory depression, or cyanosis. Naloxone response was defined as person's ability to breathe, talk, or walk within minutes of administration. RESULTS Seventy-eight cases of bystander-administered naloxone were reported. Positive response to naloxone was observed in 75.6% of overall cases. Response rates were 86.1% and 70.9% for suspected exposures to heroin and prescription opioids, respectively. Two individuals failed to respond to naloxone and died. DISCUSSION Naloxone response rates were higher and admission to the intensive care unit rates were lower in heroin overdoses than prescription opioid overdoses. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective case series of 78 cases of bystander-administered naloxone reports a 75.6% overall rate of reversal. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this study may be more generalizable. Incorporation of poison center services facilitated the capture of more timely data not usually available to OEND programs. (Am J Addict 2016;25:301-306).
Expression of heat‐shock protein Hsp25 in mouse purkinje cells during development reveals novel features of cerebellar compartmentation

The small heat shock protein Hsp25 is constitutively expressed in the adult mouse cerebellum by parasagittal stripes of Purkinje cells confined to the caudal central zone (∼lobules VI and VII), the nodular zone (∼ventral lobule IX and lobule X), and the paraflocculi/flocculi. During development several distinct phases in Hsp25 expression can be distinguished. Hsp25‐immunopositive Purkinje cells are first seen at birth, when four clusters are visible in the vermis of lobules IV/V, and scattered Hsp25‐immunoreactive Purkinje cells are seen in lobule VIII. By postnatal day 2/3, six narrow parasagittal stripes of Hsp25‐immunopositive Purkinje cells are seen in the vermis of the anterior lobe. In the posterior lobules, most Purkinje cells in the vermis of lobules VIII and IX express Hsp25. This initial limited expression is followed by a phase of widespread expression (postnatal days 6–9) in which Hsp25 immunoreactivity is detected in virtually all Purkinje cells. This global cerebellar expression of Hsp25 then gradually disappears, first in the anterior zone and the hemispheres and subsequently in the posterior zone, to leave the restricted adult expression pattern. Western blotting analysis and immunoprecipitation with anti‐Hsp25 suggest that all immunocytochemistry can be attributed the expression of Hsp25. Furthermore, visual deprivation had no effect on the development of Hsp25 expression in Purkinje cells, suggesting that visuomotor input is not responsible for the establishment of constitutive Hsp25 expression in the cerebellar cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 429:7–21, 2001. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Investigation of Drop-out in Open and Distance Education

This study aims to investigate the reasons for learners to drop-out of Open Education System of Anadolu University, Turkey, between 2012-2015. This study uses an exploratory sequential mixed method. The general structure is divided into two phases. In the first phase, the data is collected by semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The results of those interviews are used to design the second phase of the study. According to knowledge gained from the interviews, the reasons of students to drop-out of the Open Education System is organized into categories such as personal, systemrelated, and environmental. The second phase of the study consists of collecting data via a questionnaire that is created by the knowledge gained in the first phase of the study and from the similar studies in literature. 14,972 learners who had dropped out from the Open Education System, Anadolu University answered the online questionnaire. Some of the results for learners to drop-out might be: unsatisfactory results in exams, lack of knowledge about the open education system, time management issues, unsuitability of the registered program, interference of daily life routines on studies, and some personal problems. Determining the reasons of drop-out of the system and act making the necessary arrangements and updates, may be useful for having a more quality learning experience. Thus, the rates of open and distance learners to drop-out of the system might be reduced.
Genetic and Functional Associations with Decreased Anti-inflammatory Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induced Protein 3 in Macrophages from Subjects with Axial Spondyloarthritis

Objective Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) is an anti-inflammatory protein implicated in multiple autoimmune and rheumatologic conditions. We hypothesized that lower levels of TNFAIP3 contributes to excessive cytokine production in response to inflammatory stimuli in axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA). A further aim was to determine the immune signaling and genetic variation regulating TNFAIP3 expression in individual subjects. Methods Blood-derived macrophages from 50 AxSpA subjects and 30 healthy controls were assessed for TNFAIP3 expression. Cell lysates were also analyzed for NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and STAT3 phosphorylation, and supernatants for cytokine production. Coding and regulatory regions in the TNFAIP3 gene and other auto-inflammation-implicated genes were sequenced by next-generation sequencing and variants identified. Results Mean TNFAIP3 was significantly lower in spondyloarthritis macrophages than controls (p = 0.0085). Spondyloarthritis subject macrophages correspondingly produced more TNF-α in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, p = 0.015). Subjects with the highest TNFAIP3 produced significantly less TNF-α in response to LPS (p = 0.0023). Within AxSpA subjects, those on TNF blockers or with shorter duration of disease expressed lower levels of TNFAIP3 (p = 0.0011 and 0.0030, respectively). TNFAIP3 expression correlated positively with phosphorylated IκBα, phosphorylated MAP kinases, and unstimulated phosphorylated STAT3, but negatively with LPS or TNF-α-stimulated fold induction of phosphorylated STAT3. Further, subjects with specific groups of variants within TNFAIP3 displayed differences in TNFAIP3 (p = 0.03–0.004). Nominal pQTL associations with genetic variants outside TNFAIP3 were identified. Conclusion Our results suggest that both immune functional and genetic variations contribute to the regulation of TNFAIP3 levels in individual subjects. Decreased expression of TNFAIP3 in AxSpA macrophages correlated with increased LPS-induced TNF-α, and thus, TNFAIP3 dysregulation may be a contributor to excessive inflammatory responses in spondyloarthritis subjects.
Analyses of radiation and mesothelioma in the US Transuranium and Uranium Registries.

OBJECTIVES We examined the relationship between radiation and excess deaths from mesothelioma among deceased nuclear workers who were part of the US Transuranium and Uranium Registries. METHODS We performed univariate analysis with SAS Version 9.1 software. We conducted proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) and proportionate cancer mortality ratio (PCMR) analyses using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Life Table Analysis System with the referent group being all deaths in the United States. RESULTS We found a PMR of 62.40 (P < .05) and a PCMR of 46.92 (P < .05) for mesothelioma. PMRs for the 4 cumulative external radiation dose quartiles were 61.83, 57.43, 74.46, and 83.31. PCMRs were 36.16, 47.07, 51.35, and 67.73. The PMR and PCMR for trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer were not significantly elevated. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between cumulative external radiation dose and the PMR and PCMR for mesothelioma suggests that external radiation at nuclear facilities is associated with an increased risk of mesothelioma. The lack of a significantly elevated PMR and PCMR for trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer suggests that asbestos did not confound this relationship.
Counselling Services Utilisation in a Malaysia Private University

University can be an exciting yet challenging transition for students. Many universities provide counselling services to students who need it during their tertiary studies but many students tend to avoid counselling. This study was conducted to identify the counselling service experience among undergraduate students. The emphasis was on the past experiences, awareness, attitude and perceived barriers on the intention and utilisation of the counselling services. This study found that past experiences, awareness and intention to use has a significant relationship with utilise counselling services within their universities. On the contrary, attitude and perceived barriers to admission is not comprehended as a factor to seeking counselling. These determinants are useful reference for university counsellors for their planning and implementation to create further awareness of their counselling sessions for their students.
A 64 $\times$ 64-Pixels Digital Silicon Photomultiplier Direct TOF Sensor With 100-MPhotons/s/pixel Background Rejection and Imaging/Altimeter Mode With 0.14% Precision Up To 6 km for Spacecraft Navigation and Landing

This paper describes a 64×64-pixel 3-D imager based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) for long-range applications, such as spacecraft navigation and landing. Each 60-$\mu \text{m}$ pixel includes eight SPADs combined as a digital silicon photomultiplier, a triggering logic for photons temporal correlation, a 250-ps 16-b time-to-digital converter, and an intensity counter, with an overall 26.5% fill factor. The sensor provides time-of-flight and intensity information even with a background intensity up to 100 MPhotons/s/pixel. The sensor can work in imaging (short range, 3-D image) and altimeter (long range, single point) modes, achieving up to 300-m and 6-km maximum distance with <;0.2-m and <;0.5-m precision, respectively, consuming less than 100 mW.
Robust Exponential Synchronization for Memristor Neural Networks With Nonidentical Characteristics by Pinning Control

In this paper, robust exponential synchronization of memristor-based neural networks (MNNs) with nonidentical characteristics is investigated. Coefficient mismatch, time-varying delay mismatch, and activation function mismatch are considered between the drive and the response MNNs. Pinning control strategy is developed to realize robust exponential synchronization and the stability criteria is established by using the Lyapunov function method and differential inclusion theory. Furthermore, the stable region of controller parameters is computed to guarantee that the synchronization errors enter a predetermined error bound within given settling time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by the numerical simulations. The methods presented in this paper offer novel schemes for robust exponential synchronization of nonidentical MNNs.
Enabling characteristics of new budgeting practice and the role of controller

Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the emergence of the enabling characteristics of new budgetary practices and their implications for the role of controller. Design/methodology/approach - The longitudinal perspective of this qualitative case study is based on interviews of controllers and managers involved in budgetary work. This study monitored the four enabling characteristics of management control, namely, repair, internal transparency, global transparency and flexibility (Adler and Borys, 1996), related to the new budgeting practices in one global paper company. Findings - The findings of the study demonstrate that the implementation of rolling forecasting was a major attempt at “repair” to remedy the incompleteness of accounting information, which made controllers experts in producing and delivering more realistic forward-looking information in the organization. The increasing internal and global transparency of new budgetary practices enabled controllers at various levels of organization to develop new competences, which helped controller network to build a holistic view of the totality of control and supply more relevant information in organization. Moreover, the inherent flexibility of the system was a major condition for improving organizational effectiveness in budgetary work. However, the study shows that the controller’s attitude towards enabling formalization is not necessarily positive if the system is not aligned with professional mindset and competence. Originality/value - This study adds to the understanding of the complementarity between new developments of budgeting and controller role by addressing the enabling uses of management control systems, which have the potential to enhance the controller role change.
Pseudotyping human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus targets HIV-1 entry to an endocytic pathway and suppresses both the requirement for Nef and the sensitivity to cyclosporin A

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) normally enters cells by direct fusion with the plasma membrane. In this report, HIV-1 particles capable of infecting cells through an endocytic pathway are described. Chimeric viruses composed of the HIV-1 core and the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) were constructed and are herein termed HIV-1(VSV) pseudotypes. HIV-1(VSV) pseudotypes were 20- to 130-fold more infectious than nonpseudotyped HIV-1. Infection by HIV-1(VSV) pseudotypes was markedly diminished by ammonium chloride and concanamycin A, a selective inhibitor of vacuolar H+ ATPases, demonstrating that these viruses require endosomal acidification to achieve productive infection. HIV-1 is thus capable of performing all of the viral functions necessary for infection when entry is targeted to an endocytic route. Maximal HIV-1 infectivity requires the presence of the viral Nef protein and the cellular protein cyclophilin A (CyPA) during virus assembly. Pseudotyping by VSV-G markedly suppressed the requirement for Nef. HIV-1(VSV) particles were also resistant to inhibition by cyclosporin A; however, the deleterious effect of a gag mutation inhibiting CyPA incorporation was not relieved by VSV-G. These results suggest that Nef acts at a step of the HIV-1 life cycle that is either circumvented or facilitated by targeting virus entry to an endocytic pathway. The findings also support the hypothesis that Nef and CyPA enhance HIV-1 infectivity through independent processes and demonstrate a mechanistic difference between reduction of HIV-1 infectivity by cyclosporin A and gag mutations that decrease HIV-1 incorporation of CyPA.
Evolutionary dynamics of social tolerance in the economic interaction model with local social cost functions

ABSTRACT The evolutionary dynamics of social tolerance in a society with local social cost functions have been discussed. We show that, very different from the global function case studied previously, dynamics of social tolerance in a society with local social cost functions is integrable in phase space. The exact solution of the evolutionary dynamics in phase space is obtained, and the evolutionary trajectories are discussed by using the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem. We show that the property of steady states is closely related to the group populations. We also discuss the necessary condition of the full tolerance steady state, and it is demonstrated that both global and local social cost functions have the same necessary condition of achieving full tolerance.
Impact of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antibodies Administered to Pregnant Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Long-term Outcome of Exposed Children

Background:Prenatal exposure to anti–tumor necrosis factor &agr; (TNF-&agr;) antibodies seems to be safe for fetal development. Data on long-term outcome of exposed children are missing. Our aim was to assess long-term postnatal development of children exposed to anti–TNF-&agr; during pregnancy. Methods:Consecutive children aged ≥12 months exposed to anti-TNFs prenatally for maternal inflammatory bowel disease in 3 centers in the Czech Republic were enrolled. Data on psychomotor development, infections, antibiotics, vaccination, and allergy were retrospectively obtained from mothers, treating pediatricians, and children's vaccination cards. Furthermore, standardized laboratory tests on humoral and cellular immunity were performed. Results:Twenty-five children exposed to biologicals were included (median age, 34 mo; range, 14–70 mo). All children had normal growth, and all but 1 had normal psychomotor development. Majority (80%) experienced at least 1 infection (mainly respiratory), and 60% of infants received antibiotics, 32% of those within the first year of life. Vaccination was undertaken according to vaccination protocol to 23 infants (92%). Fifteen children also had tuberculosis vaccination without serious complication. Immunological investigation was performed with 17 children (68%). Cellular immunity was normal in all infants, and 7 children had mild decrease in IgA and/or IgG immunoglobulins without clinical significance. All children had a detectable serologic response to vaccination. Conclusions:Exposure to anti–TNF-&agr; antibodies seems to be safe for growth and psychomotor development of children, although clinical significance of relatively high frequency of infections and antibiotic use among infants remains questionable because of the lack of a control group. Continuous follow-up of exposed children is absolutely warranted.