Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anchoring Procedures in Reliability of Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Resistance Exercise

Although the validity of perceived exertion as a method of monitoring the intensity of resistance exercise has been established, little is known about the test-retest reliability of ratings of perceived exertion during resistance exercise. Specifically, it is unknown whether the use of different anchoring procedures influences the reliability of ratings of perceived exertion. 30 men were assigned to an Exercise, Memory, or combined Exercise and Memory anchoring group. Participants completed an assessment of maximal leg-extension strength and were introduced to the Borg 15-category rating of perceived exertion scale through anchoring procedures that varied across groups. During two sessions of resistance exercise, participants rated active muscle perceived exertion after performing one repetition of the leg-extension exercise at 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of the one-repetition maximum. A three-factor (Group × Intensity × Session) analysis of variance was performed to examine the perceived exertion data. Perceived exertion increased significantly (p < .01) with increasing exercise intensity in all groups and in both sessions. Mean ratings did not differ significantly among groups. Reliability was assessed for each group. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from . 07 to . 80 and percent agreement ranged from 60% to 90%. The results indicate that the reliability of ratings of perceived exertion during resistance exercise is acceptable regardless of the type of anchoring procedures used.
Unexpectedly low loss of heterozygosity in genetically unstable Werner syndrome cell lines

We have determined the mitotic stability of micro‐ and mini‐satellite DNA sequences in SV40‐immortalized Werner syndrome (WS) and control fibroblast cell lines. Five microsatellite loci were genotyped in two WS and two control SV40‐immortalized fibroblast cell lines and in 154 independent primary or secondary clones derived from these. We used four minisatellite “core” or individual locus probes in Southern blot hybridization analyses to assess minisatellite stability in WS and control clones. Microsatellite allele length was stably maintained in both WS and control cells, and an upper limit for the generation of new allele lengths was estimated to be ≤4.5 × 10−4/allele/generation (or ≤2.25 × 10−5/CA repeat/generation). In contrast to length stability, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at microsatellite loci ranged up to 76% at the 13 informative locus:cell line combinations. An unexpected, and counterintuitive, finding was a much lower frequency of LOH in WS than in control clones at microsatellite loci on three different chromosomes. Minisatellite band alterations (gains, losses, or band intensity differences) were 4‐fold lower in WS than in control cells. Our results suggest that the chromosomal and molecular genetic instability displayed by WS cells is unlikely to be the result of a micro‐ or mini‐satellite destabilizing defect. A second, unexpected conclusion is that WS cells may possess a novel means of either suppressing or masking LOH events in the presence of constitutional cytogenetic and molecular genetic instability. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 18:133–142, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased frequency of the tumor necrosis factor‐α‐308 a allele in adults with human immunodeficiency virus dementia

Genetic polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of various cytokine genes influence the amount of cytokine produced in response to inflammatory stimuli. To determine whether such polymorphisms might play a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia, a disease process in which tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is believed to play a role, we analyzed HIV‐infected adults with and without dementia and control populations for a polymorphic site located in the promoter region of the gene coding for TNF‐α. The presence of the A allele at the TNF‐α‐308 site was overrepresented among adults with HIV dementia compared to those without dementia (0.28 versus 0.07; OR 5.5; 95% CI 1.8–17.0) and a healthy control population (0.28 versus 0.11). The increased frequency of the A allele in HIV‐infected adults with dementia suggests that this locus may play a role in the pathophysiology of dementia and suggests a genetic predisposition for the development of HIV dementia.
Protection of mouse retinal ganglion cell axons and soma from glaucomatous and ischemic injury by cytoplasmic overexpression of Nmnat1.

PURPOSE The Wlds mutation affords protection of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in retinal ischemia and in inducible and hereditary preclinical models of glaucoma. We undertook the present study to determine whether the Nmnat1 portion of the chimeric protein provides axonal and somatic protection of RGCs in models of ischemia and glaucoma, particularly when localized to nonnuclear regions of the cell. METHODS The survival and integrity of RGC axons and soma from transgenic mice with confirmed cytoplasmic overexpression of Nmnat1 in retina and optic nerve (cytNmnat1-Tg mice) were examined in the retina and postlaminar optic nerve 4 days following acute retinal ischemia, and 3 weeks following the chronic elevation of intraocular pressure. RESULTS Ischemia- and glaucoma-induced disruptions of proximal segments of RGC axons that comprise the nerve fiber layer in wild-type mice were both robustly abrogated in cytNmnat1-Tg mice. More distal portions of RGC axons within the optic nerve were also protected from glaucomatous disruption in the transgenic mice. In both disease models, Nmnat1 overexpression in extranuclear locations significantly enhanced the survival of RGC soma. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Nmnat1 in the cytoplasm and axons of RGCs robustly protected against both ischemic and glaucomatous loss of RGC axonal integrity, as well as loss of RGC soma. These findings reflect the more pan-cellular protection of CNS neurons that is realized by cytoplasmic Nmnat1 expression, and thus provide a therapeutic strategy for protecting against retinal neurodegeneration, and perhaps other CNS neurodegenerative diseases as well.
Control of the polarization of a vacuum-ultraviolet, high-gain, free-electron laser.

The two single-pass, externally seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) of the FERMI user facility are designed around Apple-II-type undulators that can operate at arbitrary polarization in the vacuum ultraviolet-to-soft x-ray spectral range. Furthermore, within each FEL tuning range, any output wavelength and polarization can be set in less than a minute of routine operations. We report the first demonstration of the full output polarization capabilities of FERMI FEL-1 in a campaign of experiments where the wavelength and nominal polarization are set to a series of representative values, and the polarization of the emitted intense pulses is thoroughly characterized by three independent instruments and methods, expressly developed for the task. The measured radiation polarization is consistently >90% and is not significantly spoiled by the transport optics; differing, relative transport losses for horizontal and vertical polarization become more prominent at longer wavelengths and lead to a non-negligible ellipticity for an originally circularly polarized state. The results from the different polarimeter setups validate each other, allow a cross-calibration of the instruments, and constitute a benchmark for user experiments.
A method for meta‐analysis of molecular association studies

Although population‐based molecular association studies are becoming increasingly popular, methodology for the meta‐analysis of these studies has been neglected, particularly with regard to two issues: testing Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and pooling results in a manner that reflects a biological model of gene effect. We propose a process for pooling results from population‐based molecular association studies which consists of the following steps: (1) checking HWE using chi‐square goodness of fit; we suggest performing sensitivity analysis with and without studies that are in HWE. (2) Heterogeneity is then checked, and if present, possible causes are explored. (3) If no heterogeneity is present, regression analysis is used to pool data and to determine the gene effect. (4) If there is a significant gene effect, pairwise group differences are analysed and these data are allowed to ‘dictate’ the best genetic model. (5) Data may then be pooled using this model. This method is easily performed using standard software, and has the advantage of not assuming an a priori genetic model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Chernobyl radiation really causing negative individual and population-level effects on barn swallows?

Moller and co-workers ([Moller et al . 2007][1]) observe an ‘elevated frequency of abnormalities in barn swallows ( Hirundo rustica ) at Chernobyl’ and ‘can think of no alternative explanations other than exposure to radiation that can have caused the observed patterns’. However, an
AN ANOMALY OF INHERITANCE IN THE MNSS BLOOD GROUPS.

THERE IS AN IRREGULARITY in the inheritance of the MNSs groups in the family Baet (Fig 1). A Ns X MNSs mating produced three Ns offspring, three MNSs, and one MNs (II-5). That the MNSs typings are correct is substantiated by the agreement of various examples of MNSs antisera, both in our own laboratory and in that of Dr. T. E. Cleghom (Fig. 1), and by absorption studies (Table 1). The family is Caucasian; the first three children were born in Tle Netherlands, the rest in Manitoba. So far as the parents know, they are not blood relatives. They have no relatives in Canada, nor have any of their relatives visited here. The family came to our attention because the proposita (II-7) had trisomy 18. Dr. Irene Uchida, Director, Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, made the chromosomal diagnosis and provided the primary specimens for blood grouping. The karyotypes of the parents and of the children other than the proposita were normal. Dosage and absorption studies with anti-M and anti-S as well as full blood grouping and serum typing were done on these specimens. For verification we later obtained second specimens from I-1, I-2, II-1, II-3, and II-5. These enabled us to confirm our typings, to repeat the reaction times with anti-M and anti-S, and to measure the reaction times with anti-s as possible evidence of zygosity (Table 2). Aliquots of these samples were also sent to Dr. T. E. Cleghorn. A summary of the results is given in the legend of Fig. 1.
Increase in lutein and zeaxanthin content in the eggs of hens fed marigold flower extract.

Marigold flower extract (MFE), a natural source of xanthophylls, was added to the diets of hens at different concentrations (0, 150, 250, and 350 mg/kg of diet) to determine the effects of MFE on hen per - formance, physical characteristics of egg quality, and carotenoid content of the egg yolk of hens housed in enriched cages. Additionally, the highest dose of MFE (350 mg/kg) was tested under commercial poultry condi - tions and compared with a feed mixture with added synthetic carotenoids and a control diet without synthetic carotenoids. The highest hen-day egg production ( P = 0.005) and egg mass production ( P = 0.010) was found in hens fed a diet supplemented with MFE at 150 mg/kg. The performance characteristics, however, were not influenced by MFE under commercial conditions. When the dose of MFE was increased, increased values were observed for DSM Yolk Colour Fan ( P < 0.001), redness ( < 0.001), yellowness ( P < 0.001), ratio of redness and yellowness ( P < 0.001), and decreased for lightness ( P = 0.036). In the commercial study, the synthetic carotenoids decreased the value of yellowness ( P < 0.001) compared with the control group. The lutein and zeaxanthin content in yolk increased by approximately 11.5 and 5.9 mg/kg dry matter, respectively, after the MFE addition of 350 mg/kg. Supplementation with synthetic carotenoids significantly ( P < 0.001) decreased the α-tocopherol content in egg yolk. In conclusion, MFE is a suitable natural alternative for increasing the xanthophyll contents in eggs compared with the commercially used synthetic carotenoids.
A comparative analysis of three methods of contraception: Effects on blood glucose and serum lipid profiles.

BACKGROUND Hormonal contraceptives are one of the major means of family planning, yet their use is not without side effects. In this study, we have tried to assess some of the metabolic effects of three hormonal contraceptives commonly used by young females. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred young, healthy, nonsmoking and normotensive women of childbearing age who were seeking contraceptive advice were randomly allocated to one of the three groups receiving ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel (group 1), medroxyprogesterone acetate (group 2), and levonorgestrel capsules (group 3). Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were measured prior to the initiation of therapy and after termination of the study (6 months). RESULTS There was no significant difference between the three groups as far as the mean age, height and weight were concerned. FBG increased in all three groups, but the difference in the rate of increase was not statistically significant (P=0.29). Total cholesterol, TG and LDL-C increased, while HDL-C level decreased in groups 1 and 2. These changes were, however, more profound in the group 2 cases. In those receiving levonorgestrel, all lipid parameters decreased. The amount of change for the total cholesterol and triglyceride was quite significant (P<0.001), while the reduction in HDL-C was not significantly different from the other two groups by pairwise comparisons (Tukey-HSD procedure). The LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was found to be significantly increased in groups 1 and 2, but it remained almost unchanged in the group 3 cases (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Because of these favorable biochemical findings, we believe that levonorgestrel should be the contraceptive drug of choice for women of childbearing age who are seeking a safe method of contraception.
Effect of Co on the Magnetic Properties of YGdFe$_17 rm - rm x$Co$_rm x$Ga

The structural and magnetic properties of YGdFe17-xCo x Ga (x=0,1,2 and 3) have been investigated through X-ray diffraction and magnetization studies. All the compounds up to x=0.2 are formed in a single-phase, hexagonal structure. The unit cell volume decreased with the addition of Co due to the smaller size of Co than that of Fe. The magnetization and Curie-temperature values are found to increase with the addition of x and could be due to the additional Co-Co, Fe-Co exchange whose magnitude is larger compared to that of Fe-Fe exchange. Magnetically aligned sample powders indicate the presence of planar anisotropy for all the compounds
Wall-based reduced order modelling Lasagna

In this work we propose a novel approach to model order reduction for incompressible fluid flows that focuses on the spatio-temporal description of the stresses on the surface of a body, i.e. of the wall shear stress and of the wall pressure. The spatial representation of these two variables is given by a compact set of “wall basis functions”, i.e. elementary basis functions defined on the wall. In this paper, these are derived using the well-known Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, to represent optimally the fluctuation energy of the pressure and shear stress. On the other hand, the functional structure of the dynamic model is derived from first principles using the vorticity form of the Navier-Stokes equations, yielding a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the time-varying amplitudes of the wall shear stress basis functions. Coefficients of this model are then identified from simulation data. To complete the system, we show that the surface pressure distribution, i.e. the time-varying amplitudes of the wall pressure basis functions, can be derived from a quadratic model of the wall shear stress temporal coefficients, stemming from the Poisson equation for the pressure. This further step is crucial for the correct representation of the aerodynamic forces. As a paradigmatic example, we present our approach for the modelling of the free dynamics of the separated flow around a circular cylinder in the laminar regime, at Re = 200. Further implications and potentialities of the proposed approach are discussed.
Embodied Language in Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis

There have been relatively few discussions of systematic studies of language, including neuroscience studies, in the psychoanalytic literature. To address this dearth, a detailed review of research on embodied language in neuroscience and related disciplines is presented, after which their findings are considered in light of diverse views of language in psychoanalysis, specifically the models of the Boston Change Process Study Group, Wilma Bucci, Fonagy and Target, David Olds, and Hans Loewald. The juxtaposition of psychoanalytic models with the findings of research on embodied language shows that scientific studies can focus psychoanalytic understanding of verbal processes, and that integrations with neuroscience neither inherently threaten the traditional psychoanalytic focus on verbal meanings nor reduce the richness and complexity of psychoanalytic theory.
Nationwide prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and penetration of disease-modifying drugs in Sweden

Objective To provide Swedish nationwide data on the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including variations by age, sex, geography, demography and education level, and assess antirheumatic treatment penetration. Methods Patients ≥16 years assigned an RA diagnosis were identified from inpatient (n=96 560; 1964–2007) and specialist outpatient care (n=56 336; 2001–2007) in the Swedish National Patient Register, and the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (n=21 242; 1995–2007). Data on prescriptions, demography, vital status and educational level were retrieved from national registers. Results A total of 58 102 individuals (mean age 66 years; 73% women) assigned an RA diagnosis were alive in Sweden in 2008, corresponding to a cumulative prevalence of 0.77% (women 1.11%, men 0.43%). The 2001–2007 period prevalence was 0.70%. Restriction to patients with ≥2 visits or diagnosis from a rheumatologist/internist reduced the overall cumulative prevalence to 0.68%. Whereas urban/rural differences (crude 0.65–1.00%) were explained by age differences, the age/sex-adjusted prevalence remained higher in patients with ≤9 years education (0.86%) than for those with 10–12 years (0.82%) and >12 years (0.65%). Treatment exposures (76% any disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or steroids, 64% any DMARD, 15% biological agents) varied with age; use of biological agents decreased from 22% in 16–59 years olds to 3% in ≥80 years olds. Any DMARD use correspondingly decreased from 71% to 43%. Applying age cut-off points from previous northern European and North American prevalence studies reduced or eliminated between-study differences. Conclusion This nationwide approach yielded a prevalence of RA similar to previous regional assessments. While displaying only modest geographical variation and no urban/rural gradient, prevalence was associated with educational level. Although most patients received antirheumatic drugs, age was a strong treatment determinant.
Accommodating Planned Exercise in Type I Diabetic Patients on Intensive Treatment

To achieve optimal metabolic control in type I diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin (MSI) appropriate adjustments of the insulin prescription should be made for exercise, which is a normal component of everyday life. The present study describes the responses of seven type I diabetic adolescents treated with CSII and six patients treated with MSI to specific insulin dose changes in anticipation of postprandial exercise. The effect of 45 min of cycle ergometer exercise at 55% VO2 on glucose regulation was studied 2 h after morning insulin and a breakfast meal. To quantify the potential benefit of modifying the insulin dose before exercise, the subjects were studied on five different days in a random order: (1) resting control day, (2) postprandial exercise preceded by the usual dose of insulin, (3) postprandial exercise preceded by one-half of the usual dose of insulin, (4) postprandial exercise preceded by two-thirds of the usual dose of insulin, and (5) postprandial exercise without the usual dose of insulin. In all cases insulin was injected or infused subcutaneously in the anterior abdominal wall. When exercise was performed without changing the usual insulin dose, there was a significant fall in glycemia in both groups, with the nadir occurring after 45 min. In the CSII group, the ± SEM plasma glucose was 57 ± 5 mg/dl (P < 0.05 versus rest) with hypoglycemia occurring in four patients. In the MSI group, the mean ± SEM plasma glucose fell to 65 ± 10 mg/dl (P < 0.05 versus rest) and hypoglycemia occurred in three patients. This was corrected with the administration of approximately 25 g of glucose by mouth. When exercise was performed after one-half and two-thirds of the usual insulin dose, the plasma glucose profile observed during exercise in both groups was not statistically different from that observed during the rest day. Postprandial exercise without prior insulin resulted in significant hyperglycemia in both groups (P < 0.01). Plasma free insulin levels remained unchanged throughout the exercise period in all protocols. A 50–66% reduction of the insulin dose in anticipation of postprandial exercise of moderate intensity resulted in near-normal glycemic values and prevented hypoglycemia. Alternatively, in the case of unplanned postprandial exercise of 45 min duration, the intake of 25–30 g of glucose may prevent hypoglycemia in the CSII- and MSI-treated type I diabetic patients.
The Effect of Indomethacin Blockade of Prostaglandin Synthesis on Blood Pressure of Normal Rabbits and Rabbits with Renovascular Hypertension

31. Sybers HD, Ingwall JS, DeLuca MA, Nimmo L: Fetal mouse heart in organ culture; ultrastructure. Lab Invest 32: 713-719, 1975 32. Ingwall JS, DeLuca M, Sybers HD, Wildenthal K: Fetal mouse hearts; a model for studying ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 28092813, 1975 33. Bird JWC: Skeletal muscle lysosomes. In Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology, vol 4, edited by JT Dingle, RT Dean. Amsterdam, North Holland, 1975, pp 75-109 34. Ericsson JLE: Mechanism of cellular autophagy. In Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology, vol 2, edited by JT Dingle, HB Fell. Amsterdam, North Holland. 1969, pp 345-394 35. Wildenthal K: Lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes in the heart. In Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology, vol 4, edited by JT Dingle, RT Dean. Amsterdam, North Holland, 1975, pp 167-190