Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The expressive power of multi-parent creation in monotonic access control models

Formal demonstration of equivalence or nonequivalence of different security models helps identify the fundamental constructs and principles in such models. The authors demonstrate the nonequivalence of two monotonic access control models that differ only in the creation operation for new subjects and/or objects; in particular, they show that single-parent creation is less expressive than multi-parent creation in monotonic models. The paper also demonstrates that in nonmonotonic models, multi-parent creation can be reduced to single-parent creation, thereby neutralizing the difference in expressive power. The nonequivalence proof is carried out on an abstract access control model, following which the results are interpreted in standard formulations. In particular, they apply the results to demonstrate nonequivalence of the schematic protection model (SPM) and the extended schematic protection model (ESPM). They also show how the results apply to the typed access matrix model (TAM). <<ETX>>
Mastitis and Fertility in Cattle – Possible Involvement of Inflammation or Immune Activation in Embryonic Mortality *

Causes for pre‐implantation embryo loss, which can be as high as 50% or more of fertilized embryos, are multifactorial and largely undescribed. Studies in cattle using mastitis as a model indicate that one cause of early embryonic loss is infectious disease or activation of immune responses at sites outside the reproductive tract. Infection of the mammary gland in dairy cattle is associated with a reduction in pregnancy rate (proportion of inseminated cows that become pregnant) and an increase in the number of inseminations required to establish pregnancy. Also, intravenous challenge with bacterial peptidoglycan and polysaccharide at ∼days 3–5 after breeding reduced subsequent pregnancy rate in sheep that had been previously immunized against the same material. The mechanism by which extrauterine activation of immune and inflammatory responses leads to embryonic loss is not clear although cytokines probably play a crucial role. Effects could be exerted at the level of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, ovary, reproductive tract or embryo. Interferon (IFN)‐α, for example, which can reduce pregnancy rate in cattle when injected around 13–19 days after breeding, increases body temperature, inhibits secretion of luteinizing hormone, and reduces circulating concentrations of progesterone. Other cytokines or products of cytokine activation could cause embryonic loss by causing hyperthermia (as elevated temperature blocks oocyte function and embryonic development), exerting toxic effects on the corpus luteum [for example, IFN‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and prostaglandin F2α], stimulating endometrial prostaglandin synthesis [TNF‐α and interleukin(IL)‐1β], reducing endometrial cell proliferation (IL‐1β), and interfering with oocyte maturation and embryonic development (TNF‐α, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin F2α). Although largely neglected by reproductive immunologists, study of the involvement of the immune system in pre‐implantation embryonic loss is likely to lead to new methods for enhancing fertility.
The dynamisation and subsequent vulnerability of the Dutch owner-occupied sector. An analysis of 1986-2012

[eng] This article investigates the backgrounds to changing residential mobility of Dutch owner-occupiers from 1986-2006 and during the 2008-2018 crisis. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is used to disentangle the main factors at work. Households of all age groups and family types have become more mobile in 1986-2006, with the highest increase amongst the youngest age groups. Nonetheless, ageing of owner-occupiers has dampened the growth between 1986 and 2006, because older owner-occupiers usually move less frequently than younger age groups. Had this ageing process not taken place, the overall increase in mobility would have been much higher (about 3.5 percentage points) than the 1.4 percentage point observed. The overall compositional effect remains negative despite a shift from traditional families with children towards more singles and couples without children, who are more mobile. During the crisis of 2008-2012, high residential mobility rates amongst the young age groups took a sharp negative turn. Combined with their increased presence among owner-occupiers, this implies that the contemporary Dutch owner occupied sector is more vulnerable to economic shocks.
Influence of interdental contacts on periodontal status.

A group of 40 healthy, young adult male naval recruits were examined and scored for gingival inflammation, plaque, food impaction, pocket depth, carious lesions, calculus, restorations and overhangs. The findings of this study support those previously reported in naval recruits, i.e. gingival inflammation is widespread involving almost every area examined. Naval recruits do not adequately remove deposits of interdental plaque, and at least one pocket with a depth of 4 mm or greater is present in three out of every four recruits. Additionally, it was found that the level of gingival inflammation was considered moderate or severe in more than 80% of the areas examined. Analysis revealed no significant relationship between contact type and Gingival Index or pocket depth. However, the significant relationship observed between food impaction and contact type, and between food impaction and pocket depth, reinforced clinical observations that food impaction contributes to periodontal pathosis. A high number of restorations had mechanical retentive areas for bacterial plaque accumulations. Thus, in addition to establishing adequate levels of interproximal surface plaque removal by the patient, the clinician should take great care in finishing the gingival margins of restorations and should eliminate those factors associated with food impaction early in treatment.
The gender imbalance in academic medicine: a study of female authorship in the United Kingdom

Summary Objectives A shortfall exists of female doctors in senior academic posts in the United Kingdom. Career progression depends on measures of esteem, including publication in prestigious journals. This study investigates gender differences in first and senior authorship in six peer-reviewed British journals and factors that are associated with publication rates. Design and main outcome measures Data was collected on United Kingdom first and senior authors who had published in the British Medical Journal, Lancet, British Journal of Surgery, Gut, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the Archives of Diseases in Childhood. Authorship and gender were quantified for 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2004 (n=6457). In addition, selected questions from the Athena Survey of Science Engineering and Technology (ASSET2006), web-based doctor's self-report of publications were also analysed (n=1162). Results Female first authors increased from 10.5% in 1970 to 36.5% in 2004 (p<0.001) while female senior authors only increased from 12.3% to 16.5% (p=0.046). Within individual journals, the largest rise was in British Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecology with 4.5- and 3-fold increases for first and senior authors, respectively. In contrast, female senior authors marginally declined in Gut and Lancet by 2.8% and 2.2%, respectively. ASSET2006 identified that female respondents who were parents were less likely to have publications as sole (p=0.02) and joint authors (p<0.001) compared to male respondents. Female respondents with care responsibilities for parents/partner also had less publications as lead authors compared to those without carer responsibilities (p<0.001). Conclusion The increase in UK female first authors is encouraging. In contrast, there is considerable lag and in some specialties a decline in female senior authors. Factors that could narrow the gender gap in authorship should be sought and addressed.
XRCC1和XRCC3单核苷酸多态性与晚期非小细胞肺癌铂类药物化疗疗效的相关性

背景与目的 DNA修复基因多态性预测铂类药物化疗敏感性对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)个体化治疗具有重要意义。 本研究旨在探讨X线修复交错互补基因1(X-ray repair cross complementing gene 1, XRCC1)和X线修复交错互补基因3(X-ray repair cross complementing gene 3, XRCC3)单核苷酸多态性与晚期NSCLC患者对铂类药物化疗疗效的关系。 方法 采用PCR-RFLP方法检测130例以含铂方案化疗的晚期NSCLC患者外周血DNA中XRCC1 Arg194 Trp、Arg399 Gln和XRCC3 Thr241 Met基因多态性, 分析其基因型与化疗疗效的关系。 结果 130例晚期NSCLC患者采用含铂方案化疗2个周期后, 化疗总有效率为33. 8%。 XRCC1 194和399基因多态性与铂类药物化疗敏感性相关, 而XRCC3 241基因多态性与化疗敏感性无关(P=0.145)。 携带至少1个XRCC1 194 Trp等位基因者化疗有效率至少是携带Arg/Arg基因型患者的2. 5倍(42.1% vs 22.2%, OR=2.545, 95%CI:1.159-5.590, P=0.020)。 携带XRCC1 399 Arg/Arg基因型者的化疗有效率为45. 5%, 明显高于携带至少1个Gln等位基因者(21.9%)(OR=0.336, 95%CI:0.156-0.722, P=0.005)。 XRCC1 194和399基因多态性之间存在联合作用, 同时携带至少1个XRCC1 194 Trp等位基因和399 Arg/Arg基因型者的化疗有效率明显高于同时携带194 Arg/Arg和399 Arg/Gln基因型者(44.4% vs 18.8%, OR=3.467, 95%CI:1.223-9.782, P=0.019)。 XRCC1和XRCC3基因多态性在化疗敏感性方面存在一定的联合作用, 携带至少1个XRCC1 194 Trp等位基因和399 Arg/Arg野生型基因同时又携带XRCC3 241 Thr/Met基因型者的化疗有效率明显高于其它基因型携带者。 结论 XRCC1和XRCC3的多态联合可能与晚期NSCLC患者对铂类药物化疗疗效具有相关性。
Analysis of immune reconstitution after autologous bone marrow transplantation in systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To analyze hematopoietic and immune reconstitution after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in 7 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Two groups of patients were retrospectively constituted according to whether they had a favorable clinical response (group A; n = 4) or no response or a relapse of disease (group B; n = 3) after HSCT. Immune reconstitution was analyzed every 3 months using lymphocyte immunophenotyping, alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) diversity analysis, and ex vivo thymic function analysis by quantification of TCR rearrangement excision circles (TRECs). RESULTS Patients had similar characteristics at study entry, except for a lower modified Rodnan skin thickness score (P = 0.03) and a lower Health Assessment Questionnaire score (P = 0.05) in group A than in group B. The number of reinjected cells and the time to hematopoietic reconstitution were similar in both groups. The absolute numbers of CD19+ and CD20+ B cells were lower in group A than in normal controls (P < 0.05) and within the normal range in group B. Absolute numbers of T and natural killer lymphocytes were normal before HSCT. Numbers of CD3+ cells remained low thereafter. Numbers of CD8+ cells were back to normal 3 months after HSCT in both groups. B cell counts were low until 6 months after HSCT in group A and stayed in the normal range in group B. The CD3+ defect was sustained in group A, with an opposite trend and a faster CD4+ reconstitution profile in group B. The T cell repertoire was skewed before and until 1 year after HSCT, with shared expansions before and after transplant in a given individual. TREC values correlated negatively with C-reactive protein levels (r(s) = -0.41, P = 0.001) and positively with CD19+ (r(s) = 0.35, P = 0.001) and CD20+ (r(s) = 0.34, P = 0.002) lymphocyte counts. CONCLUSION B and T lymphocyte populations remained disturbed for at least 1 year after HSCT in SSc patients, which may reflect the persistence of an underlying disease mechanism.
Adrenaline (epinephrine) microcrystal sublingual tablet formulation: enhanced absorption in a preclinical model

For anaphylaxis treatment in community settings, adrenaline (epinephrine) administration using an auto‐injector in the thigh is universally recommended. Despite this, many people at risk of anaphylaxis in community settings do not carry their prescribed auto‐injectors consistently and hesitate to use them when anaphylaxis occurs.The objective of this research was to study the effect of a substantial reduction in adrenaline (Epi) particle size to a few micrometres (Epi microcrystals (Epi‐MC)) on enhancing adrenaline dissolution and increasing the rate and extent of sublingual absorption from a previously developed rapidly disintegrating sublingual tablet (RDST) formulation in a validated preclinical model.
Evaluation of extra‐ and intracellular apparent diffusion coefficient of sodium in rat skeletal muscle: Effects of prolonged ischemia

The mechanism of water and sodium apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in rat skeletal muscle during global ischemia was examined by in vivo 1H and 23Na magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The ADCs of Na+ and water are expected to have similar characteristics because sodium is present as an aqua‐cation in tissue. The shift reagent, TmDOTP5‐, was used to separate intra‐ and extracellular sodium (Na i+ and Na e+ , respectively) signals. Water, total tissue sodium (Na t+ ), Na i+ , and Na e+ ADCs were measured before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr after ischemia. Contrary to the general perception, Na i+ and Na e+ ADCs were identical before ischemia. Thus, ischemia‐induced changes in Na t+ ADC cannot be explained by a simple change in the size of relative intracellular or extracellular space. Na t+ and Na e+ ADCs decreased after 2–4 hr of ischemia, while water and Na i+ ADC remained unchanged. The correlation between Na t+ and Na e+ ADCs was observed because of high Na e+ concentration. Similarly, the correlation between water and Na i+ ADCs was observed because cells occupy 80% of the tissue space in the skeletal muscle. Ischemia also caused an increase in the Na i+ and an equal decrease in Na e+ signal intensity due to cessation of Na+/K+‐ATPase function. Magn Reson Med 59:485–491, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of atrial fibrillation in dipper and nondipper sustained hypertensive patients

ObjectiveThe risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in sustained hypertensive patients with different circadian blood pressure (BP) patterns is unknown. We investigated the risk of new onset AF in dipper and nondipper sustained hypertensive patients. MethodsThe occurrence of AF was evaluated in 1141 patients aged ≥40 years with sustained hypertension (clinic BP ≥140 and/or 90 mmHg and daytime BP ≥135 and/or 85 mmHg). Among these patients, 783 had night-time systolic BP fall ≥10% (dippers) and 358 had night-time BP decline <10% (nondippers). ResultsDuring the follow-up (6.1±3.2, range 0.5–12.9 years), AF occurred in 43 patients. The AF rate per 100 patient-years in dippers and nondippers was 0.38 and 1.13, respectively. AF free survival was significantly different between the groups (P=0.0002). After adjustment for other covariates, including left atrial enlargement or left ventricular hypertrophy (these variables were analyzed in separate models because of a strong association between them) and 24-h BP, Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of AF was significantly higher in nondippers than in dippers [nondippers vs. dippers, relative risk (RR) 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–3.79, P=0.028 in the model including left atrial enlargement, and RR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.05–3.69, P=0.035 in the model including left ventricular hypertrophy]. ConclusionThis study shows that nondipper sustained hypertensive patients have a two-fold greater risk of developing AF than dipper ones. This aspect could partly contribute to explain the higher cardiovascular risk previously observed in nondipper hypertensive patients.
Sirt1 Activation Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting the TGF‐β/Smad3 Pathway

TGF‐β signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Smad3, a transcription factor, is a critical fibrogenic mediator of TGF‐β. Sirt1 is a NAD+‐dependent deacetylase that has been reported to modify a number of transcription factors to exert certain beneficial health effects. This study examined the effect of Sirt1 on Smad3 and its role in CKD. Resveratrol attenuated the expression of extracelluar matrix proteins in both the remnant kidney of 5/6th nephrectomized rats and cultured mesangial cells (MMCs) exposed to TGF‐β1. The effect of resveratrol was substantially attenuated in cultured MMCs for which Sirt1 had been knocked down by an shRNA lentivirus. Overexpression of Sirt1 attenuated TGF‐β1‐induced extracelluar matrix expression in cultured cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation studies suggested that Sirt1 could bind with Smad3. Resveratrol treatment enhanced this binding and reduced acetylation levels of Smad3. Resveratrol inhibited the transcription activity of Smad3. Knockdown of Sirt1 increased acetylated Smad3 and substantially enhanced the transcriptional activity following TGF‐β1. Finally, Sirt1 deficiency aggravated renal function damage and markedly enhanced fibrosis in the remnant kidney of 5/6 nephrectomized mice. Taken together, these results identify Sirt1 as an important protective factor for renal fibrosis in a CKD rodent model, and the protective function of Sirt1 is attributable to its action on TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling. Therefore, we suggest that Sirt1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CKD. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 996–1005, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustainable Innovation Approach for Wood Quality Evaluation in Green Business

The purpose of this paper is to propose a method for the optimization of raw wood for the timber construction industry that would meet the green business and sustainable development requirements within the concept of corporate social responsibility. The methodology conceptually applied the ImageJ software in the process of spruce-timber valuation using 100 log specimens according to the standard STN 480055. The impact of timber structure on the environment compared to silicate buildings was assessed via selected environmental criteria of life-cycle assessment. The methodology was applied according to the standards within the monitored phase of the life-cycle cradle to a gate based on the available environmental products declaration. The overall difference in the assortment value when using the ImageJ software as the evaluation method reached €426.68 (+6.7%). The individual construction elements creating the composition of perimeter walls of the evaluated alternatives showed a positive impact of the following indicators: global warning potential, primary energy input for production, ozone depletion potential, and photochemical ozone creation potential of the reference timber structure. The findings presented in this study clearly confirm the ecological approach toward building a wood-based structure while meeting the requirements of sustainable development.
Market Timing as an Explanation for the Short‐Lived Premium on Cross‐Listing

This study provides further evidence on the cross‐listing valuation premium using a sample of Asian firms from 2000 to 2010. First, following Doidge et al. (2004), we document a premium, but it disappears when we incorporate firm fixed effects. Second, consistent with Gozzi et al. (2008), we find that the premium arises immediately preceding the cross‐listing year and disappears shortly thereafter. Of central interest, consistent with our proposition that the listing is strategically timed like an SEO, we document a similar pattern in operating performance, and increased financing activity in the listing year and the following 2 years.
The Public Investment Multipliers: Evidence from Stock Returns of Narrowly Defined Industry in Japan

This paper provides an evidence on the macroeconomic impacts of public investment. I extract public investment news shocks from the excess return of narrowly defined road pavement firms in Japan and use them as an instrument for future government spending. I found that the extracted news shocks predict the future government spending through changes in future public investment. The result shows that the public investment multiplier is 1.64 a year after the shock and about 5 after four years, which is considerably larger than fiscal multipliers estimated in previous studies. The findings highlight the importance of the types of government spending, in addition to the amount of the spending, in determining the overall effects of countercyclical fiscal policies.
Phagocytosis of Hemozoin Enhances Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activity and TNF-α Production in Human Monocytes: Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Falciparum Malaria1

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), secreted by activated monocytes, degrades matrix proteins, disrupts basal lamina, and activates TNF-α from its precursors. In turn, TNF-α enhances synthesis of MMP-9 in monocytes. We show here that trophozoite-parasitized RBCs/hemozoin-fed adherent human monocytes displayed increased MMP-9 activity and protein/mRNA expression, produced TNF-α time-dependently, and showed higher matrix invasion ability. MMP-9 activation was specific for trophozoite/hemozoin-fed monocytes, was dependent on TNF-α production, and abrogated by anti-TNF-α Ab and by a specific inhibitor of MMP-9/MMP-13 activity. Hemozoin-induced enhancement of MMP-9 and TNF-α production would have a 2-fold effect: to start and feed a cyclic reinforcement loop in which hemozoin enhances production of TNF-α, which in turn induces both activation of MMP-9 and shedding of TNF-α into the extracellular compartment; and, second, to disrupt the basal lamina of endothelia. Excess production of TNF-α and disruption of the basal lamina with extravasation of blood cells into perivascular tissues are hallmarks of severe malaria. Pharmacological inhibition of MMP-9 may offer a new chance to control pathogenic mechanisms in malaria.
Percutaneous Kyphoplasty for Kummell Disease with Severe Spinal Canal Stenosis.

BACKGROUND Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) has been proven as an effective, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of Kummell's disease in the early stages. However, a risk of cement leakage and further neurological damage remains during and after PKP, especially in chronic osteoporotic stage III Kummell's disease with severe spinal canal stenosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of PKP for the treatment of chronic osteoporotic stage III Kummell's disease with severe spinal canal stenosis. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective evaluation of postoperative radiographs. SETTING Pain management clinic. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on 9 patients with 11 levels managed with PKP for chronic osteoporotic stage III Kummell's disease with severe spinal canal stenosis. Clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Substantial pain relief was attained in all the patients. Both visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores improved significantly from pre- to post-operation (P < 0.05), and remained unchanged at every follow-up. No neurological deterioration was found. Postoperatively, the anterior and midline vertebral body heights were significantly corrected (P < 0.05), and were sustained at the final follow-up. Similar results were seen in the correction of kyphotic angle. Neither cement leakage into the spinal canal nor further dislodging of the posterior vertebral fragments occurred. Two cases experienced subsequent fractures with one having a second PKP and the other being treated conservatively. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study of 9 cases with 11 levels due partly to the rarity of the disorder. CONCLUSIONS PKP is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of chronic osteoporotic stage III Kummell's disease with severe spinal stenosis, leading to a significant relief of symptoms and improvement of functional status. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
To Respond or Not to Respond: Measures of the Output Gap in Theory and in Practice

This paper analyzes the implications of responding to either the model-based New Keynesian output gap or to its estimates, and in particular, a Hodrick-Prescott-filtered output gap or a linearly detrended output gap. Responding to these estimates instead of to the “true” unobserved output gap generates longlasting business cycles and lower welfare. Furthermore, correlations between the estimates and the theoretical output gap depend on the stochastic structure of the shocks affecting the economy. In particular, productivity shocks generate a negative such correlation. Hence, the output gap estimates may provide poor guidance to monetary policy.