Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heme Oxygenase-1 Production by Peripheral Blood Monocytes During Acute Inflammatory Illnesses of Children

Monocytes play key roles both in innate and adaptive antigen-specific immunity and they constitute critical components of the immune responses. Although most of the monocyte-derived cytokines exhibit proinflammatory functions in vivo, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible heme-degrading enzyme, exerts potent anti-inflammatory effect through production of carbon monoxide and bilirubin. We compared HO-1 production by monocytes in vivo in various acute inflammatory illnesses and in normal controls. Freshly isolated monocytes produced little HO-1 as detected by immunohistochemistry, but it was rapidly induced in vitro upon stimulation. HO-1 production by monocytes was selective because it was not induced in other leukocyte populations, including granulocytes and lymphocytes. Monocytes from acute inflammatory illnesses, such as Kawasaki disease and acute infectious diseases, viral or bacterial, produced significant levels of HO-1, as detected by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Quantitative analysis of HO-1 mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that monocytes from controls exhibited low, but significant levels of HO-1 mRNA, indicating that circulating monocytes produce HO-1 constantly, in response to basal level of oxidative stress encountered daily. Significantly elevated HO-1 mRNA levels seen in acute inflammatory illnesses suggest that monocyte HO-1 production serve as potent anti-inflammatory agent to control excessive cell or tissue injury in the presence of oxidative stress and cytokinemia.
Headache and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Positive Association With Hypertension

The study analyzes the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in 1343 patients with severe headache (399 men and 944 women), aged 15 to 64 years; analyses were controlled for sex, age, and type and frequency of headache. Prevalence of various forms of headache was different between men and women. Age and days per year with headache were significantly different among various forms of headache. For men and women with headache, age directly related to prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Due to low prevalence, analyses by age were not done for diabetes mellitus. For cigarette smoking, prevalence was not related to age in men, but was inversely related to age in women. With control for age, prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was not significantly different among patients with different forms of headache, except for cluster headache. Among men with cluster headache, prevalence was high for cigarette smoking, but low for hypercholesterolemia. With control for age, days per year with headache did not relate to prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors except for cigarette smoking in men. Compared to data for a population sample used as control, patients with headache had higher prevalence of hypertension in both sexes, independent of age (odds ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 1.80); the difference between patients with headache and the control population was lower with increasing age. The high prevalence of hypertension among patients with headache was not due to overweight. The data indicate that headache is significantly associated with hypertension, but not with other cardiovascular risk factors.
The thermic effect is greater for structured medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols versus long-chain triacylglycerols in healthy young women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that a single dose of structured medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (SMLCTs) composed of medium-chain (20%) and long-chain (80%) fatty acids would increase the metabolic rate more than a dose of long-chain triacylglycerols (LCTs) in 15 healthy young women aged 18 to 28 years. The effects on postingestive energy expenditure were compared for SMLCTs versus LCTs. On the experimental days, the subjects fasted overnight and then ingested 1,680 kJ SMLCTs or LCTs each day. Energy expenditure and the respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured before and after SMLCT and LCT ingestion by indirect calorimetry. Blood samples were collected before and after ingestion to obtain plasma and serum. Postingestive total energy expenditure (PTEE) was significantly higher after SMLCT ingestion versus LCT ingestion (26.9 +/- 1.0 v 25.5 +/- 1.1 kJ/kg/6 h, P < .05). The thermic effects of the test oil were also significantly greater after SMLCT ingestion compared with LCT ingestion (3.02 +/- 0.49 v 1.47 +/- 0.82 kJ/kg/6 h, P < .01). Plasma glucose and serum triacylglycerol concentrations were not significantly different. Serum free fatty acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations were higher after SMLCT ingestion versus LCT ingestion. These results suggest that long-term substitution of SMLCTs for LCTs will produce body fat loss if energy intake remains constant.
Are School Counselors Impacting Underrepresented Students’ Thinking about Postsecondary Education? A Nationally Representative Study

Using the HSLS:09 data set and social capital theory as a framework, the authors examined which student and school characteristics predicted students’ identification of their school counselor as the person who had the most influence in their thinking about postsecondary education (N = 3,239,560). Results indicated that African American, first-generation, and private school students were more likely to name their counselor as having had the greatest influence. The article discusses future research and implications for policy, practice and training.
Influence of Solvent-Like Sidechains on the Adsorption of Light Hydrocarbons in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

A variety of strategies have been developed to adsorb and separate light hydrocarbons in metal-organic frameworks. Here, we present a new approach in which the pores of a framework are lined with four different C3 sidechains that feature various degrees of branching and saturation. These pendant groups, which essentially mimic a low-density solvent with restricted degrees of freedom, offer tunable control of dispersive host-guest interactions. The performance of a series of frameworks of the type Zn2 (fu-bdc)2 (dabco) (fu-bdc(2-) =functionalized 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; dabco=1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2. 2]octane), which feature a pillared layer structure, were investigated for the adsorption and separation of methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. The four frameworks exhibit low methane uptake, whereas C2 hydrocarbon uptake is substantially higher as a result of the enhanced interaction of these molecules with the ligand sidechains. Most significantly, the adsorption quantities and selectivity were found to depend strongly upon the type of sidechains attached to the framework scaffold.
Effect of age and gender on schizotypal personality traits in the normal population

Aim: There is some evidence that age and gender influence expression of schizotypal traits in the normal population. One important limitation of previous studies, however, is the restricted age range of subjects. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the effect of gender and age on schizotypal personality features.
South Africa’s informal economy: Reframing debates in national policy

In common with much of the global South, the policy environment in South Africa surrounding the informal economy is highly significant for local development futures. The objective in this paper is to unravel the shifting trajectories and reframing of national government policy towards the informal economy in South Africa since the 1994 democratic transition. It is disclosed that, notwithstanding a rhetoric of support for the informal economy as part of small, medium and micro-enterprise (SMME) policy, a national policy framework for supporting the informal economy in South Africa was initiated only in 2012. A pro-development narrative is provided in national policy documents and is accompanied by the progressive roll out of support interventions seeking to address certain of the key challenges of informal entrepreneurs. The most controversial aspects of the new policy framework surround initiatives introduced in proposals to ‘improve the regulatory environment’ for local informal entrepreneurs. What exists within national policy is a pro-development approach for South African informal entrepreneurs linked to an anti-developmental agenda towards migrant entrepreneurs. Arguably, South Africa is far from having established a set of inclusive policies towards the country’s informal economy and a suite of interventions that acknowledge its contributions for national economic development.
Intrathecal morphine (ITM) for postoperative pain control in children: a comparison with nalbuphine patient controlled analgesia (PCA)

This is a retrospective study covering the ten‐year period 1984–1993. Single shot spinal morphine (ITM) is compared with PCA nalbuphine for postoperative pain relief in children having abdominal or thoracic procedures. The records of 52 patients meeting selection criteria were examined. Nursing and physician notations were reviewed for hourly pain assessments, evidence of associated complications, respiratory depression, nausea and or vomiting, pruritus, and urinary retention. ITM provided significantly better pain relief (2.2 h in pain) during the first 24 h postoperatively than PCA nalbuphine (9.2 h in pain). With the exception of urinary retention which was significantly more frequent following ITM (58.6%) compared to PCA nalbuphine (8.7%), narcotic related complications were not different between the two groups. No difference in duration of hospital stay or ICU stay could be demonstrated. We conclude that ITM provides better pain relief, without more serious complications, than PCA nalbuphine. We recommend it as a safe, effective technique to treat postoperative pain in children following thoracic or upper abdominal procedures.
Linkages between clinical practices and community organizations for prevention: a literature review and environmental scan.

OBJECTIVES We conducted a literature review and environmental scan to develop a framework for interventions that utilize linkages between clinical practices and community organizations for the delivery of preventive services, and to identify and characterize these efforts. METHODS We searched 4 major health services and social science electronic databases and conducted an Internet search to identify examples of linkage interventions in the areas of tobacco cessation, obesity, nutrition, and physical activity. RESULTS We identified 49 interventions, of which 18 examples described their evaluation methods or reported any intervention outcomes. Few conducted evaluations that were rigorous enough to capture changes in intermediate or long-term health outcomes. Outcomes in these evaluations were primarily patient-focused and did not include organizational or linkage characteristics. CONCLUSIONS An attractive option to increase the delivery of preventive services is to link primary care practices to community organizations; evidence is not yet conclusive, however, that such linkage interventions are effective. Findings provide recommendations to researchers and organizations that fund research, and call for a framework and metrics to study linkage interventions.
Toward Engineering a Biological Joint Replacement

Abstract Osteoarthritis is a major cause of disability and pain for patients in the United States. Treatments for this degenerative disease represent a significant challenge considering the poor regenerative capacity of adult articular cartilage. Tissue-engineering techniques have advanced over the last two decades such that cartilage-like tissue can be cultivated in the laboratory for implantation. Even so, major challenges remain for creating fully functional tissue. This review article overviews some of these challenges, including overcoming limitations in nutrient supply to cartilage, improving in vitro collagen production, improving integration of engineered cartilage with native tissue, and exploring the potential for engineering full articular surface replacements.
Sperm chromatin remodelling and Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila.

Wolbachia pipientis is an obligate bacterial endosymbiont, which has successfully invaded approximately 20% of all insect species by manipulating their normal developmental patterns. Wolbachia-induced phenotypes include parthenogenesis, male killing, and, most notably, cytoplasmic incompatibility. In the future these phenotypes might be useful in controlling or modifying insect populations but this will depend on our understanding of the basic molecular processes underlying insect fertilization and development. Wolbachia-infected Drosophila simulans express high levels of cytoplasmic incompatibility in which the sperm nucleus is modified and does not form a normal male pronucleus when fertilizing eggs from uninfected females. The sperm modification is somehow rescued in eggs infected with the same strain of Wolbachia. Thus, D. simulans has become an excellent model organism for investigating the manner in which endosymbionts can alter reproductive programs in insect hosts. This paper reviews the current knowledge of Drosophila early development and particularly sperm function. Developmental mutations in Drosophila that are known to affect sperm function will also be discussed.incompatibility.
Executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: state or trait deficits?

OBJECTIVE Despite the neuropsychology literature providing reliable evidence of impaired executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), to date it has not been determined whether these deficits are trait-related (independent of symptomatology) or state-dependent (dependent on symptomatology). The current research examines the executive functions in OCD in a comprehensive manner and, for the first time, assesses the stability of these deficits over the developmental course of the disorder. METHOD Using a cross-sectional design, Study 1 examined the executive functions (set shifting, inhibition, planning, verbal fluency and working memory) in 60 subjects (20 actively Symptomatic OCD, 20 Remitted OCD and 20 Panic Disorder). Using a longitudinal design, Study 2 reassessed a subsample of OCD subjects (participants in Study 1) once they reached remitted status. RESULTS Study 1 found that the OCD groups exhibited deficits in set shifting and inhibition relative to Panic Disorder controls; however, no deficits were observed in planning, verbal fluency or working memory. There were no differences found between the Symptomatic and Remitted OCD groups on any of the executive function measures. Study 2 found that the identified executive function deficits in individuals were stable over time and remained unchanged despite symptom remittance. CONCLUSION Current results confirm the presence of specific executive function deficits in OCD, and indicate that these deficits are trait-like in nature.
From Pre-Service to Teacher Leader: The Early Development of Teacher Leaders.

Although the concept of teacher leadership is one that has existed for some time (Sergiovanni & Starratt, 2007), there has been a recent refocusing on the potential of teachers in either formal or informal leadership roles to contribute to improving schools (Mangin & Stoelinga, 2010; Muijs, Chapman, & Armstrong, 201 ; Nolan & Palazzolo, 2011) and increasing student outcomes (TPR, 2006). Public schools in the U.S. face ever increasing accountability measures as a result of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB 2001) and the adoption of the Common Core State Standards in the majority of states (Guskey, 2011). Linking teacher evaluation to student outcomes is yet another example of the pressure educators feel in the current U.S. educational climate. It is nearly impossible for school administrators to single-handedly support every teacher in ensuring that students meet or exceed expected outcomes (Xie & Shen, 201 ). In collaboration with teacher leaders, though, school improvement efforts become more manageable. In addition, there is a growing body of research indicating that teaching is a key component of student success (Darling-Hammond, 200 ; NCES, 2008). Teacher leaders support a culture of continued growth and ongoing learning in schools and can help colleagues improve their teaching practice.
Mad1 Function Is Regulated through Elements within the Carboxy Terminus

ABSTRACT Myc and Mad are basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) proteins that heterodimerize with Max to bind DNA and thereby influence the transcription of Myc-responsive genes. Myc-Max dimers transactivate whereas Mad-Max-mSin3 complexes repress Myc-mediated transcriptional activation. We have previously shown that the N-terminal mSin3 binding domain and the centrally located bHLH-LZ are required for Mad1 to function during a molecular switch from proliferation to differentiation. Here we demonstrate that the carboxy terminus (CT) of Mad1 contains previously unidentified motifs necessary for the regulation of Mad1 function. We show that removal of the last 18 amino acids of Mad1 (region V) abolishes the growth-inhibitory function of the protein and the ability to reverse a Myc-imposed differentiation block. Moreover, deletion of region V results in a protein that binds DNA weakly and no longer represses Myc-dependent transcriptional activation. In contrast, deletion of the preceding 24 amino acids (region IV) together with region V restores DNA binding and transcriptional repression, suggesting a functional interplay between these two regions. Furthermore, phosphorylation within region IV appears to mediate this interplay. These findings indicate that novel regulatory elements are present in the Mad1 CT.
Employment Unemployment And Wages In Turkey

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Brainstem size and function at term age in relation to later neurosensory disability in high‐risk, preterm infants

The aim of this study was to measure brainstem size on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of high‐risk, preterm infants, to assess brainstem function by brainstem auditory‐evoked potentials (BAEP) and to determine the predictive value of these measures for the neurosensory outcome. A total of 51 preterm infants (gestational age <34 wk, birthweight <1500 g) underwent examinations at term age; neuromotor outcome and hearing were followed up until a corrected age of 18 mo. Fourteen (27%) infants had neurosensory disability. Those with a later neurosensory disability had a significantly smaller brain stem than those with a normal outcome. The preterm infants had significantly longer peak latency (L) V and interpeak latency (IPL) III–V than the full‐term control infants. Most of the preterm infants with severe cerebral palsy or hearing loss had abnormal BAEP. Sensitivity of morphometric dimensions for predicting neurosensory disability was only 20–31%, but specificity was 97–100%. Abnormal L I and IPL III–V in BAEP predicted disability with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 57–59%.
Elevated Serum Estradiol/Testosterone Ratio in Men With Primary Varicose Veins Compared With a Healthy Control Group

The role of sex hormones in men with varicose veins remains unclear. Therefore, we set up a prospective pilot-study. In 34 men, venous blood was sampled during morning hours, for the determination of serum estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrostendion, androstendion, and free testosterone (fT). Serum E2:fT ratio was calculated. The study protocol also included patient history, physical examination, color duplex ultrasound of both limbs, and assignment of CEAP clinical stage (C) classification. About 21 symptomatic varicose men (VM [C ≥ 2] mean age of 40.3/+6.9 years) and 13 healthy men (HM [C ≤ 1] mean age of 38.1/+ 7.4 years) were analyzed. The serum E2:fT ratio (VM 2.83/+ 0.79 and HM 2.32/+0.63) was significantly different (P < .05) between the two groups. No major differences were seen on the serum levels of the sex hormones. In summary, our results demonstrate a changed serum E2:fT ratio among men with varicose veins compared to healthy men. By the fact of a small study sample, the interpretabillity of this result is limited.
Hippocampal atrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus

Objectives: To determine the frequency and progression of hippocampal atrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the clinical, laboratory and treatment features associated with its occurrence. Methods: 150 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled in our study. A complete clinical, laboratory and neurological evaluation was performed. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out using a 2T scanner (Elscint Prestige) and coronal T1-weighted images were used for manual volumetric measurements. Atrophy was defined as values <2 standard deviations from the means of controls. Results: At entry into the study, the mean right and left hippocampal volumes of patients were significantly smaller than the hippocampal volumes of controls (p<0.001). After the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging, a significant progression of reduction in right and left hippocampal volumes in patients was observed (p<0.001). At entry, atrophy was identified in 43.9% and at follow-up in 66.7% of patients with SLE. Hippocampal atrophy was related to disease duration (p<0.001) total corticosteroid dose (p = 0.01) and history of central nervous system (CNS) manifestations (p = 0.01). Progression of atrophy was associated with cumulative corticosteroid dose (p = 0.01) and number of CNS events (p = 0.01). Patients with cognitive impairment had more severe hippocampal atrophy than those without. Conclusion: Disease duration, total corticosteroid dose and greater number of CNS manifestations were associated with hippocampal atrophy in patients with SLE. A significant progression of hippocampal atrophy related to total corticosteroid dose and number of CNS events was observed. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Differences Attract: An Experimental Study of Focusing in Economic Choice*

Several behavioural models of choice assume that decision makers place more weight on attributes where options differ more, an assumption we test in a set of experiments. We find that subjects are more likely to choose an option when we add options increasing the maximal difference in the original option’s strongest attribute, suggesting that the decision maker’s focus is drawn to attributes with a high spread. Additional experiments corroborate this finding. Still, we document that the focusing effect diminishes when options are presented using numbers instead of graphs or when subjects are forced to wait before submitting their answers.
A new hardware algorithm for searching genome patterns

The paper deals with a very hot problem concerning computation biology - the searching for a given reference pattern within a very long DNA chain. The software solutions in the field are limited by amount of resources and processing times. That is why complex programmable devices are more and more commonly used in the applications concerning microbiology. The paper presents the approach which is a modified Smith-Waterman dynamic programming methodology. The optimization of the entire algorithm and used resources has been done with respect of properties of FPGA components.