Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern and outcome of postneonatal pediatric emergencies in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, South East Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Nigeria is still battling with preventable childhood deaths, being one of the six countries in which 50% of all global child deaths occur. Regular community and health facility audits are needed to determine morbidity and mortality patterns in children which will guide preventive and therapeutic interventions. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine morbidity and mortality patterns, and identify factors influencing poor outcome of the disease in children seen in the emergency room of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a 2-year retrospective study (March 2012 to February 2014) involving all children admitted into the children emergency room (CHER). Information on the patients' biodata, diagnosis, and outcome were retrieved from the CHER doctors' log. Analysis was done using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. RESULTS The total of 1964 patients were seen (1088 males, 845 females, 31 unspecified) with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Under-fives constituted 78.8% of the study population. Mean duration of illness before presentation was 18.71 ± 71.94 days. Malaria, diarrheal disease, and respiratory tract infections were the most common morbidities. Sepsis had the highest case fatality rate (CFR) and was the most common cause of death among the 247 patients that died - mortality rate of 12.6%. Most deaths were in under-fives (CFR = 13.9, χ2 = 25.553, P = 0.000), with 74.1% of the mortalities occurring within 24 h of presentation. Patients who presented within a day and those that presented in the 2 nd and 3 rd weeks of onset of symptoms had CFR of 6.4-15.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION Infectious diseases remain a menace in our environment with the eventual outcome worsened by late presentation to an appropriate health facility. There is an urgent need to create public awareness on the need to seek prompt medical attention for sick children.
Greenhouse gas emissions from mechanical and biological waste treatment of municipal waste

Abstract The mechanical and biological waste treatment (MBT) is an increasingly important technology for the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) before landfilling. This process includes composting of the material with intensive aeration in order to minimize the organic fraction that may induce methane and leachate emissions after landfilling. The exhaust air is treated by biofilters to remove odorous and volatile organic compounds. The emission of direct and indirect greenhouse gases, namely methane (CH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), nitric (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) was studied in four existing treatment plants. All gases except NO were emitted from the composting material. The emission factors were 12 to 185 kg ton1 substrate for CO2, 6–12*103 g ton−1 substrate for CH4, 1.44 to 378 g ton‐1 substrate for N2O and 18–1150 g ton−1 for NH3. In general, emission factors increased with increasing treatment time. The biofilters had no net effect on CH4, but removed 13–89% of the NH3. For CO2 the biofilters were a small, for N2O a major and for NO the exclusive source. Approximately 26% of the NH3‐N that was removed in the biofilter was transformed into N2O when NH3 was the exclusive nitrogen source. Assuming that all municipal waste was treated by MBT, the emissions would account for 0.3 to 5% of the N2O and for 0.1 to 3% of the CH4 emissions in Germany, respectively. Optimising aeration and removing NH3 before the exhaust gas enters the biofilter could lead to reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Impact of multipath propagation on impulse radio UWB autocorrelation receivers

The autocorrelation function of the channel's response to an ultra wideband (UWB) pulse determines the interframe-interference (IFI) in transmitted reference UWB systems employing autocorrelation receiver (AcR) front-ends. The statistical properties of this autocorrelation function were previously derived by the authors, i.e., expressions have been given for the mean and covariance of the correlator outputs in terms of channel parameters. In this paper, these previous results are validated by means of channel measurement data, which allows conclusions on the importance of the various components of a UWB channel model for an AcR in presence of inter-symbol-interference or multiple-access-interference. It is demonstrated that a model representing the received prototype pulse-shape, an exponentially decaying power delay profile plus a line-of-sight component, and a homogeneous ray arrival process can largely represent the impact of multipath propagation on the AcR.
Availability of DMAA supplements despite US Food and Drug Administration action.

hospitalized for gallstones, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholrelated morbidities, renal failure, and other biliary disease). The HR for AP associated with severe hypertriglyceridemia ( 500 mg/dL) was higher than the HR associated with moderate hypertriglyceridemia (150499 mg/dL). A much greater proportion of AP cases was exposed to moderate rather than severe hypertriglyceridemia, explaining why the PAR of AP attributable to moderate hypertriglyceridemia was 18.37% compared with 7.74%.
Effects of Neonatal Thoracoscopic Surgery on Tissue Oxygenation: A Pilot Study on (Neuro-) Monitoring and Outcomes

Abstract Introduction Multiple reports have questioned the feasibility of neonatal thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and esophageal atresia (EA). The aim of this study is to examine the effects of CO2 pneumothorax on cerebral and renal rSO2 and to assess the potential predictive value of these data on neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal thoracoscopic surgery for CDH or EA. Materials and Methods A prospective observational pilot study. Cerebral and renal regional tissue oxyhemoglobine saturation (rSO2) rSO2 were assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during thoracoscopic surgery in neonates with CDH and with EA, in addition to routine anesthesia monitoring. Cerebral and renal rSO2, linked to repeated arterial blood gas analyses, heart rate, blood pressure, and to structured longitudinal neurodevelopmental follow-up. Results Baseline estimated marginal means of cerebral rSO2 values (CDH: 82%, EA: 91%) did not change significantly during pneumothorax (CDH: 81%, EA 79% [n.s. versus baseline]) despite severe acidosis (lowest pH, CDH: 6.99, EA: 7.1). Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months were normal in all 7 patients who were available for evaluation. Conclusion Neonatal thoracoscopic repair of CDH and EA using CO2-pneumothorax leads to severe acidosis. Cerebral rSO2 remained within clinical acceptable limits during intraoperative periods of acidosis. Neurodevelopmental outcome was favorable within the first 24 months. The potential of NIRS to further improve perioperative care and long-term outcome in this specific patient group deserves further investigation.
Relationships between insect repellency and chemical and physical parameters--a review.

The pertinent literature has been reviewed from January 1940 through October 1967. The relationships between molecular constitution and insect repellency are described as well as the role of such physical parameters as boiling point and vapor pressure, molecular weight, partition coefficient, and concentration effect. The desirable properties of an ideal repellent substance are summarized, and definitions of repellency relative to this discussion are presented.
Liver fat content is linked to inflammatory changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes patients

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are typically overweight and have an increased liver fat content (LFAT). High LFAT may be explained by an increased efflux of free fatty acids from the adipose tissue, which is partly instigated by inflammatory changes. This would imply an association between inflammatory features of the adipose tissue and liver fat content.
Design of passive UHF RFID tag in 130nm CMOS technology

This paper presents a low-power, passive, UHF RFID tag design compatible with EPCTM C1G2 protocol. In order to reduce its cost, diode-connected NMOS in a standard CMOS technology is used instead of Schottky diodes. With the help of low-threshold-voltage, triple-well NMOS, a minimum input power of -7.6 dBm is achieved. A sub-1 V, low temperature-coefficient voltage reference using self-biased mutual compensation is proposed without large resistors to save the chip area. In addition, an energy-aware irregular clock structure, together with clock gating, achieves low power consumption in the baseband processor. The whole tag is implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology and the total chip area is 1200 mum times 1220 mum.
Adverse events after discontinuing medications in elderly outpatients.

BACKGROUND Discontinuation of drug therapy is an important intervention in elderly outpatients receiving multiple medications, but it may be associated with adverse drug withdrawal events (ADWEs). OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency, types, timing, severity, and factors associated with ADWEs after discontinuing medications in elderly outpatients. PATIENTS One hundred twenty-four ambulatory elderly participants in 1-year health service intervention trial at the Durham Veterans Affairs General Medicine Clinic in Durham, NC, who stopped taking medications. METHODS A geriatrician retrospectively reviewed computerized medication records and clinical charts to determine medications no longer being taken and adverse events in the subsequent 4-month period. Possible ADWEs, determined by using the Naranjo causality algorithm, were categorized by therapeutic class, organ system, and severity. RESULTS Of 238 drugs stopped, 62 (26%) resulted in 72 ADWEs among 38 patients. Cardiovascular (42%) and central nervous system (18%) drug classes were most frequently associated with ADWEs. The ADWEs most commonly involved the circulatory (51%) and central nervous (13%) systems, and 88% were attributed to exacerbations of underlying disease. Twenty-six ADWEs (36%) resulted in hospitalization or an emergency department or urgent care clinic visit. Only the number of medications stopped was associated with ADWE occurrence (adjusted odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.67). CONCLUSIONS Most medications can be stopped in elderly outpatients without an ADWE occurrence. However, when ADWEs occur they resulted in substantial health care utilization. Practitioners should strive to discontinue drug therapy in the elderly but be vigilant for disease recurrence.
Requirement of H‐2 heterozygosity for autoimmunity in (NZB × NZW)F1 hybrid mice

In the F1 hybrid of autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) and phenotypically normal New Zealand White (NZW) mice, there occurs a severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐like autoimmune disease more fulminant than that found in the parental NZB mice. To determine the role of the H‐2 complex in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease of the (NZB × NZW)F1 hybrid, we developed H‐2‐congenic NZB (NZB.H‐2Z) and NZW (NZW.H‐2d) strains, and compared the degree of autoimmune features between congenic H‐2d/H‐2d and H‐2z/H‐2z homozygous F1 hybrids and the original H‐2d/H‐2z heterozygous (NZB × NZW)F1 hybrid. We found that autoimmune features such as productions of IgG class anti‐DNA antibodies and retroviral gp70 immune complexes and the development of renal disease were to a great extent reduced in both H‐2 homozygous F1 hybrids, as compared with the H‐2 heterozygous (NZB × NZW)F1 hybrid. It would thus appear that the heterozygosity of H‐2d haplotype derived from NZB and H‐2Z from NZW is essential for the autoimmune disease characteristic of the (NZB × NZW)F1 hybrid.
Emotional Intelligence and Ethics on Organizations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of Emotional Intelligence on Individual Ethics, Perceptions of Other’s Ethics and Ethics Perception in Facilitating Success. Methodology: Constitute the sample 404 exporting companies and/or with interest in exporting of AICEP database—Portugal Agency for Investment and External Commerce. The methodological procedures adopted in the research, consisted of a quantitative approach using fundamentally multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression too. Data collection was performed by administering a questionnaire. Findings: Emotional Intelligence predicted perceptions of the role of Ethics in Success. The role of Emotional Intelligence was attested asapredictor in Individual Ethics, and the predictor role of these two in Perceptions of Other’s Ethics. Emotional Intelligence was significantly correlated with Self-Esteem, Social Desirability, Individual Ethics and Perceptions of Other’s Ethics.
Detection of Communicative Behavior Patterns AMONG College Students during Lab Practice

The aim of this work is to detect the existence of communicative interaction patterns from the conversations among Biology students during lab practice. Observational methodology was used by creating a category system as an observation tool, and continuing with a process of re-categorization. A total of six sessions were observed and each one last one hour. It was used a software called SDIS-GSEQfor the inter-sessional sequential analysis. The results highlight that it is important for the students the use of question-answer (IAE) in its different modalities: in probability of occurrence, first are the categories of Persuading and Proposing, the next significant sequential probabilities are: Evaluating, Confirming, and Confusing; followed in sequential occurrence order by: Arguing, Classifying, Correcting, Clarifying, and Suggesting and lasting in sequential inhibitory occurrence are: Creating an opinion, Directing, and Evaluating. These are the particular ways in which students encourage their participation during laboratory practice, opening their minds to their classmates’ feedback, which invites them to revalue their initial questions and answers and encourages new discussion topics and increase learning opportunities.
Screening for alcohol abuse using CAGE scores and likelihood ratios.

OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of the CAGE (acronym referring to four questions, see below) questionnaire in discriminating between medicine outpatients with and without an alcohol abuse or dependence disorder. DESIGN A cross-sectional design of a sample of consecutive patients who received both the alcohol module of the diagnostic interview schedule and the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) screening questionnaire. SETTING The outpatient medical practice of an urban university teaching hospital. PATIENTS All patients 18 years or older who signed a consent form approved by the university's institutional review board. MEASUREMENT Calculation of the sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and likelihood ratio for CAGE scores of 0 to 4. RESULTS Thirty-six percent of the sample group met criteria for a history of alcohol abuse or dependence. A CAGE score of 2 or more was associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 91%. The calculated area under the ROC curve was 0.89, whereas the likelihood ratios for CAGE scores of 0 to 4 were 0.14, 1.5, 4.5, 13, and 100, respectively. These ratios were associated with posterior probabilities for an abuse or dependence disorder of 7%, 46%, 72%, 88%, and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSION Clinicians can improve their ability to estimate a patient's risk for an alcohol abuse or dependence disorder using likelihood ratios for CAGE scores.
Firearm-RelatedHospitalization and Risk for Subsequent Violent Injury , Death , or Crime Perpetration ACohort Study

Results: Among patients with an index FRH (n = 613), rates of subsequent FRH, firearm-related death, and firearmor violencerelated arrest were 329 (95% CI, 142 to 649), 100 (CI, 21 to 293), and 4221 (CI, 3352 to 5246) per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Compared with the general population, standardized incidence ratios among patients with an index FRH were 30.1 (CI, 14.9 to 61.0) for a subsequent FRH and 7.3 (CI, 2.4 to 22.9) for firearm-related death. In survival analyses that accounted for competing risks, patients with an index FRH were at greater risk for subsequent FRH (subhazard ratio [sHR], 21.2 [CI, 7.0 to 64.0]), firearm-related death (sHR, 4.3 [CI, 1.3 to 14.1]), and firearmor violence-related arrest (sHR, 2.7 [CI, 2.0 to 3.5]) than those with a non–injury-related index hospitalization.
Rates and risks of depressive symptoms in a United States urban community

The results of a U.S. urban community survey, conducted in 1967 and in 1969, show that 16–18 % of the population have depressive symptoms at any one time. Similar rates are reported in five other studies where self‐report depression symptom scales have been used. The relationship between depressive symptoms and the diagnosis of major depressive disorders still requires investigation since the presence of depressive symptoms does not necessarily indicate the diagnosis of a major or minor depressive disorder.
Epidemiology and Associated Morbidity of Pterygium: A Large, Community-Based Case-Control Study

ABSTRACT Background: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of various conditions among patients with pterygium. Methods: A retrospective observational case control study of 4,037 patients who were diagnosed with pterygium in the Central District of Clalit Health Services in Israel from 2000–2009. A total of 16,054 randomly selected controls from the district HMO members. Personal, medical, and demographic information were extracted from patients’ files. We calculated the prevalence of various ocular, systemic, and demographic conditions as risk factors for pterygium. Results: The average age of pterygium patients was 58.4 ± 14 years; 56.9% were male. A significant tendency to develop pterygium was found among individuals of lower socioeconomic status (p < 0.001) and in populations living in rural areas (p < 0.001). A logistic regression model adjusted to marital status, socio-economic class, and area of living was performed. The following conditions were significantly associated with pterygium: blepharitis (OR = 1.71; 99.9% CI: 1.53–1.93), chalazia (OR = 1.46; 99.9% CI: (1.19–1.78)), anxiety (OR = 1.14, 99.9% CI: 0.98–1.33), and G6PD deficiency (OR = 1.85; 99.9% CI: 1.11–3.07). Schizophrenia (OR 0.31; 99.9% CI: 0.19–0.50) and smoking (OR 0.82; 99.9% CI: 0.76–0.89) were significantly less prevalent among pterygium patients. Conclusions: Pterygium etiology is multifactorial. Some demographic, systemic, and periocular conditions are significantly more prevalent and some are less prevalent among pterygium patients. Better understanding of the pathophysiological association between those diseases and pterygium may help in its prevention and treatment.
The prevalence of urethral and rectal Mycoplasma genitalium and its associations in men who have sex with men attending a genitourinary medicine clinic

Objectives To determine the prevalence of rectal and urethral Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in men who have sex with men (MSM) attending a genitourinary medicine clinic and to measure its associations with symptoms, clinical signs, sexual behaviour and concomitant sexually transmitted infections (STI). Methods MSM attending for STI screening were tested for MG using a real-time PCR assay that targets the MgPa gene. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviour, past STI history and clinical symptoms and signs. Results 849 first-void urine and rectal specimens were collected from 438 MSM. The overall prevalence of MG in MSM was 6.6% with first-void urine positivity of 2.7% and rectal positivity of 4.4%. MG was significantly associated with HIV positivity (OR 7.6, 95% CI 3.2 to 18.7, p<0.001) in contrast to Chlamydia trachomatis (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.5 to 4.1, p=0.4) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.7 to 3.8, p=0.194). MG was more prevalent than C trachomatis (p=0.15) and N gonorrhoeae (p=0.02) in this subgroup of HIV-positive MSM. Urethral infection was associated with dysuria (p<0.001) but there was no association between rectal infection and anorectal symptoms or signs. Conclusion Rates of MG are much higher in HIV-positive MSM than HIV-negative MSM at both urethral and rectal sites, and MG is more prevalent in HIV-positive MSM than other bacterial STI. Although the subclinical nature of MG in the rectum questions its significance, the high prevalence seen at this site could be a potential source of onward urethral transmission. Future work should assess the need for appropriate screening and treatment of MG infection in MSM, particularly those with HIV infection and high-risk sexual behaviour.
Emotional Congruence With Children Is Associated With Sexual Deviancy in Sexual Offenders Against Children

Emotional congruence with children is a psychologically meaningful risk factor for sexual offending against children. The present study examines the correlates of emotional congruence with children in a sample of 424 adult male sexual offenders who started a period of community supervision in Canada, Alaska, and Iowa between 2001 and 2005. Consistent with previous work, we found sexual offenders against children high in emotional congruence with children were more likely to be sexually deviant, have poor sexual self-regulation, experience social loneliness, and have more distorted cognitions about sex with children. Overall, our findings are most consistent with a sexual deviancy model, with some support for a blockage model.
Observations of Comet 19P/Borrelly by the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer Aboard Deep Space 1

The nucleus of the Jupiter-family comet 19P/Borrelly was closely observed by the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer aboard the Deep Space 1 spacecraft on 22 September 2001. The 8-kilometer-long body is highly variegated on a scale of 200 meters, exhibiting large albedo variations (0.01 to 0.03) and complex geologic relationships. Short-wavelength infrared spectra (1.3 to 2.6 micrometers) show a slope toward the red and a hot, dry surface (≤345 kelvin, with no trace of water ice or hydrated minerals), consistent with ∼10% or less of the surface actively sublimating. Borrelly's coma exhibits two types of dust features: fans and highly collimated jets. At encounter, the near-nucleus coma was dominated by a prominent dust jet that resolved into at least three smaller jets emanating from a broad basin in the middle of the nucleus. Because the major dust jet remained fixed in orientation, it is evidently aligned near the rotation axis of the nucleus.
ASSESSMENT OF RISKS AND DOSE THRESHOLDS FOR SOME EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE

Findings from the analyses of the dose-response relationship are reviewed with regard to different effects of acute radiation exposure. The analyses have been performed based on the dosimetry and clinical data for the nuclear workers acutely exposed to gamma rays or gamma rays and neutrons as a result of radiation accidents at the Mayak Production Association (Russia). The statistically significant risk curves for morbidity and mortality from acute radiation syndrome (ARS), as well as risks of the onset of vomiting at the prodromal phase and agranulocytosis, have been obtained. The Weibull model appropriately describes the corresponding risk curves. Estimates of the dose thresholds have been obtained for ARS morbidity (∼0.7 Gy) and mortality (∼6–7 Gy), vomiting at the prodromal phase (∼1.5 Gy), and agranulocytosis (∼3.5 Gy). The statistically significant power dependence between the onset of vomiting at the prodromal phase and the onset of agranulocytosis, as well as the dose dependence for the onset of agranulocytosis, has been revealed.