Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Antibiotic Use and Expenditures During 7 Years at a University Hospital

Before 1982, annual retrospective drug‐use audits clearly established the pattern of increased antibiotic use and expenditures at the University of Minnesota Hospital. At that point, a concurrent trend analysis system was developed to track this use by individual drug and therapeutic class, to identify trends in use for qualitative evaluation, and to provide an assessment of any intervention intended to alter use. Monthly use of all injectable antibiotics and antifungal agents, and selected oral antifungals has been tracked since 1982 as both defined daily doses and dollars. Use patterns in 1981 served as baseline. The defined daily dose index, which captures changes associated with intensity of antibiotic use per patient, increased 62% from baseline through 1988. This increase, however, resulted in a disproportionate 228% rise from baseline in antibiotic expenditures to nearly $3 million/year for 1988. The defined daily dose index peaked in 1985, declined in 1986, and remained stable for 1987 and 1988. Qualitative drug‐use review programs were associated with this positive change. These results demonstrate the utility of concurrent trend analysis as a resource‐management tool and as a measure of effectiveness for collaborative physician‐pharmacist programs to foster safe, appropriate, and economical use of antiinfective agents.
LSTM ENCODER – DECODER FOR DIALOGUE RESPONSE GENERATION

This paper presents a dialogue response generator based on long short term memory (LSTM) neural networks for the SLG (Spoken Language Generation) pilot task of DSTC5 [1]. We first encode the input containing different number of semantic units as fixed-length semantic vector with a LSTM encoder. Then we decode the semantic vector with a variant of LSTM and generate corresponding text. In order to produce more flexible and context-aware response, we incorporate the historical dialogue acts when generating current utterance. Our experiments on DSTC5 data validate that the proposed LSTM-based generator significantly improves the quality of the generated responses compared to the baseline. Furthermore, it also yields comparable results to a state-of-the-art generator when evaluated on the same dataset.
Electron states, magnetism, and the Verwey transition in magnetite.

Using density-functional calculations, we examine the electronic structure of magnetite in the spinel crystal structure in order to gain insight into the nature of the Verwey transition. The calculated cohesive and magnetic properties are in agreement with experimental results. The magnetic structure is analyzed using a Stoner model as well as from calculations within the framework of the local-spin-density approximation to the density-functional theory. The calculations show a minority-spin band at the Fermi energy consisting of ${\mathit{t}}_{2\mathit{g}}$ orbitals on the Fe(B) sublattice. These results suggest a three-band spinless model Hamiltonian for the description of the Verwey transition. The hopping integrals and the electron interaction parameters entering the model Hamiltonian are calculated using the ``constrained'' density-functional theory. The calculated parameters are consistent with the electronic origin of the Verwey transition.
Orienting attention without awareness.

Previous research has shown that visual attention can be directed to a spatial location in 2 qualitatively different ways. Attention can be allocated endogenously in response to centrally presented precues, or it can be captured exogenously by a visual stimulus with an abrupt onset. It has been suggested that exogenous orienting of attention is an automatic process, whereas endogenous orienting of attention represents a controlled and strategic process. M.I. Posner and C.R. R. Snyder (1975) suggested that an automatic process occurs without intention, does not interfere with other mental processes, and does not necessarily give rise to awareness, whereas a controlled process will likely interfere with other processes and necessarily requires intention and awareness. Three experiments investigated the role of awareness in orienting visual attention. Endogenous and exogenous components of orienting attention were placed in opposition to each other to assess the automaticity of exogenous orienting by examining the potential for brief stimulus events to capture attention in the absence of subjective awareness. Results show that an exogenous cue presented below a subjective threshold of awareness captured attention automatically and without awareness.
Deterministic and Stochastic Postural Processes: Effects of Task, Environment, and Age

ABSTRACT Upright standing is always environmentally embedded and typically co-occurs with another (suprapostural) activity. In the present study, the authors investigate how these facts affect postural dynamics in an experiment in which younger (M age = 20.23 years, SD = 2.02 years) and older (M age = 75.26 years, SD = 4.87 years) participants performed a task of detecting letters in text or maintaining gaze within a target while standing upright in a structured or nonstructured stationary environment. They extracted the coefficients of drift (indexing attractor strength) and diffusion (indexing noise strength) from the center of pressure (COP) time series in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) axes. COP standard deviation decreased with drift and increased with diffusion. The authors found that structure reduced AP diffusion for both groups and that letter detection reduced younger SD AP (primarily by diffusion decrease) and increased older SD ML (primarily by drift decrease). For older and younger participants, ML drift was lower during letter detection. Further, in older letter detection, larger visual contrast sensitivity was associated with larger ML drift and smaller SD ML, raising the hypotheses that ML sway helps information detection and reflects neurophysiological age.
Transdifferentiation of rat hepatocytes into biliary cells after bile duct ligation and toxic biliary injury

Rats with chimeric livers were generated by using the protocol of injecting hepatocytes from dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)‐positive donors into retrorsine‐treated DPPIV‐negative recipients subjected to partial hepatectomy. Rats with established chimeric livers were subjected to bile duct ligation, with or without pretreatment with the biliary toxin methylene diamiline (DAPM). Ductules bearing the donor hepatocyte marker DPPIV were seen at 30 days after bile duct ligation. The frequency of the ductules derived from the donor hepatocytes was dramatically enhanced (36‐fold) by the pretreatment with DAPM. In conclusion, our results show that hepatocytes can function as facultative stem cells and rescue the biliary epithelium during repair from injury when its proliferative capacity is being compromised. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:535–544.)
Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation for Uveitic Glaucoma Secondary to Behçet Disease

Purpose:To evaluate outcomes of patients with uveitic glaucoma secondary to Behçet disease (BD) who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. Patients and Methods:A retrospective chart review of 14 eyes of 10 patients with uveitic glaucoma associated with BD who underwent AGV implantation at a tertiary referral center. Treatment success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 21 mm Hg with or without antiglaucoma medication, without further additional glaucoma surgery or loss of light perception. The main outcome measures were IOP, best-corrected visual acuity measured with Snellen charts, and number of glaucoma medications. Results:Mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 18.2±6.6 months (range, 6 to 31 mo). Of the 14 eyes, 10 (71.4%) were pseudophakic and 5 (35.7%) had primary AGV implantation without a history of previous glaucoma surgery. At the most recent follow-up visit, 13 of the 14 eyes had an IOP between 6 and 21 mm Hg. Mean IOP was significantly reduced during follow-up, as compared with preoperative values (P⩽0.005). The cumulative probability of surgical success rate was 90.9% at 18 months based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The mean number of antiglaucoma medications required to achieve the desired IOP decreased from 3.4±0.5 preoperatively to 1.0±1.1 postoperatively (P⩽0.05). Visual acuity loss of >2 lines occurred in 4 eyes (28.5%) due to optic atrophy associated with retinal vasculitis. Temporary hypotony developed during follow-up in 4 eyes (28.5%) at first postoperative week. Conclusions:For the management of uveitic glaucoma associated with BD, AGV implantation is a successful method for glaucoma control but requires additional surgical interventions for high early hypotony rates.
Ochratoxicosis in Broiler Chickens: Functional and Histological Changes in Target Organs

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on the function and histology of the liver, kidney and bursa of broiler chickens fed OTA contaminated rations. Two hundred forty one-day-old male Ross broiler chicks were used, they were randomly divided into 3 dietary experimental groups of 80 birds and given rations containing 0 (control), 400 or 800 μg OTA/Kg feed. The chicks were maintained on these treatments through 5 weeks of age with feed and water available for ad libitum intake throughout the experimental duration. Dietary OTA contamination at both levels resulted in significant increase (P<0.05) in the relative weights of kidney and liver and in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), uric acid and creatinine levels in OTA treated birds as compared to the control. A significant decrease (P<0.05) was found in bursa of Fabricius weight, serum antibody (Ab) titres against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and in serum total protein, albumin and globulin of the OTA treated groups as compared to the control. Histological examination revealed marked degenerative changes in the kidney and bursa and mononuclear cell infiltration was recorded in the liver of broilers exposed to OTA contamination. All of the above changes became more evident with the higher OTA level and with prolongation of experimental period. Therefore, these results indicate that exposure to OTA at concentration > 400 ppb could adversely affect kidney, liver and bursa function and histology and thus broiler performance and health.
Performance of Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm on CEC 2013 Real Parameter Single Objective Optimization

Numerous real life problems represents hard optimization problems that cannot be solved by deterministic algorithm. In the past decades various different methods were proposed for these kind of problems and one of the methods are nature inspired algorithms especially swarm intelligence algorithms. Elephant herding optimization algorithm (EHO) is one of the recent swarm intelligence algorithm that has not been thoroughly researched. In this paper we tested EHO algorithm on 28 standard benchmark functions and compared results with particle swarm optimization algorithm. Comparison show that EHO has good characteristics and it outperformed other approach from literature.
THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE STEROIDOGENIC ACUTE REGULATORY (StAR) PROTEIN: FROM TRANSCRIPTION THROUGH PROTEOLYSIS

The Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) protein is a mitochondrial protein required for the transport of cholesterol substrate to the P450scc enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membranes of steroid producing cells. This study suggests that the acute regulation of the rodent StAR gene in the ovary is mediated by two factors, C/EBPβ and GATA-4. Once translated, the StAR precursor protein is either imported into the mitochondria, or it is rapidly degraded in the cytosol. We predicted that in order to perpetuate StAR activity cycles, imported StAR should turn over rapidly to avoid a potentially harmful accumulation of the protein in sub-mitochondrial compartments. Pulse-chase experiments in metabolically labeled cells showed that: (a) the turnover rate of mature mitochondrial StAR protein (30 kDa) is much faster (t1/2 = 4–5 h) than that of other mitochondrial proteins; (b) dissipation of the inner membrane potential (−Δψ) by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (mCCCP) accelerates the mitochondrial degradation of StAR; (c) unexpectedly, the mitochondrial degradation of StAR is inhibited by MG132 and lactacystin, but not by epoxomicin. Furthermore, StAR degradation becomes inhibitor-resistant two hours after import. Therefore, these studies suggest a bi-phasic route of StAR turnover in the mitochondria. Shortly after import, StAR is degraded by inhibitor-sensitive protease(s) (phase I), whereas at later times, StAR turnover proceeds to completion through an MG132-resistant proteolytic activity (phase II). Collectively, this study defines StAR as a unique protein that can authentically be used to probe multiple proteolytic activities in mammalian mitochondria.
Air quality monitoring system based on IoT using Raspberry Pi

Air pollution is the largest environmental and public health challenge in the world today. Air pollution leads to adverse effects on Human health, climate and ecosystem. Air is getting polluted because of release of Toxic gases by industries, vehicular emissions and increased concentration of harmful gases and particulate matter in the atmosphere. Particulate matter is one of the most important parameter having the significant contribution to the increase in air pollution. This creates a need for measurement and analysis of real-time air quality monitoring so that appropriate decisions can be taken in a timely period. This paper presents a real-time standalone air quality monitoring system which includes various parameters: PM 2.5, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity and air pressure. Internet of Things is nowadays finding profound use in each and every sector, plays a key role in our air quality monitoring system too. Internet of Things converging with cloud computing offers a novel technique for better management of data coming from different sensors, collected and transmitted by low power, low cost ARM based minicomputer Raspberry pi. The system is tested in Delhi and the measurements are compared with the data provided by the local environment control authority and are presented in a tabular form. The values of the parameters measured are shown in IBM Bluemix Cloud.
[Is there any point in pharmacological prophylaxis of PDPH (post-dural puncture headache) after spinal anaesthesia for Caesaren section?].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To assess the effectiveness of postoperatively applied pharmacological prophylaxis and the impact of demographic parameters (age, height, weight), gestational age, parturients' morbidity (hypertension, motion sickness), postoperative fluid resuscitation, applied anaesthetic technique (spinal needle type and diameter, patient's positioning, choice of intervertebral space for puncturing dura, a dose of local anaesthetic) on the incidence of PDPH after spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were analyzed 182 mothers who delivered by Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Postoperative management included fluid administration 2500 ml daily and i.v. antibiotic prophylaxis (control group, n = 560). The consecutive groups of patients were administered antibiotic and fluids in dose as mentioned above, and additionally oral caffeine 3 x 200 mg (n = 40); caffeine plus magnesium 2 x 1 g daily i.v. (n = 42) or caffeine plus magnesium plus aminophylline 250 mg i.v. once daily (n = 40). Incidence of PDPH was analyzed in all the groups of patients. RESULTS The incidence of PDPH was lower after usage of thin spinal needles (Spinokan 27G), but statistical significance was p = 0.07. The other analyzed factors did not affect the incidence of PDPH. None of the applied pharmacoprophylactic methods appeared to be efficacious. The volume of administered within 18 hours postoperatively crystalloids was larger in the group of patients with multifactorial pharmacoprophylaxis (p = 0.04), probably due vasodilatation caused by synergistic effect of magnesium and aminophylline; explanation of this phenomenon is arguable, however. CONCLUSIONS Neither prophylactic administration of caffeine, magnesium or aminophylline, nor postoperative fluid administration, did not influence the incidence of PDPH.
The elephant knee joint: morphological and biomechanical considerations

Elephant limbs display unique morphological features which are related mainly to supporting the enormous body weight of the animal. In elephants, the knee joint plays important roles in weight bearing and locomotion, but anatomical data are sparse and lacking in functional analyses. In addition, the knee joint is affected frequently by arthrosis. Here we examined structures of the knee joint by means of standard anatomical techniques in eight African (Loxodonta africana) and three Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Furthermore, we performed radiography in five African and two Asian elephants and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in one African elephant. Macerated bones of 11 individuals (four African, seven Asian elephants) were measured with a pair of callipers to give standardized measurements of the articular parts. In one Asian and three African elephants, kinematic and functional analyses were carried out using a digitizer and according to the helical axis concept. Some peculiarities of healthy and arthrotic knee joints of elephants were compared with human knees. In contrast to those of other quadruped mammals, the knee joint of elephants displays an extended resting position. The femorotibial joint of elephants shows a high grade of congruency and the menisci are extremely narrow and thin. The four‐bar mechanism of the cruciate ligaments exists also in the elephant. The main motion of the knee joint is extension–flexion with a range of motion of 142°. In elephants, arthrotic alterations of the knee joint can lead to injury or loss of the cranial (anterior) cruciate ligament.
Apoptosis of mouse hippocampal cells induced by Taenia crassiceps metacestode factor

Abstract Seizures, headache, depression and neurological deficits are the signs and symptoms most frequently reported in human neurocysticercosis. However, the cause of the associated learning and memory deficits is unknown. Here, we used Taenia crassiceps infection in mice as a model of human cysticercosis. The effects of T. crassiceps metacestode infection or T. crassiceps metacestode factor (MF) treatment on mouse hippocampal cells were studied; control mice were included. At 45 days after infection or treatment of the mice with MF, all mice were anaesthetized and perfused transcardially with saline followed by phosphate-buffered 10% formalin. Then the brains were carefully removed. Coronal sections stained using several techniques were analysed. Extensive and significant apoptosis was found in the experimental animals, mainly in the dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2, CA3 and neighbouring regions, in comparison with the apparently intact cells from control mice (P < 0.01). These results suggest that neurological deficits, especially the learning and memory deficits, may be generated by extensive apoptosis of hippocampal cells.
Lupus Vulgaris Treated with Calciferol

Dr. Prosser Thomas: We arc presenting these cases of lupus vulgaris because of their good response to the oral administration of calciferol as virtually the only form of . reatment. WVe have been treating ltpus with calciferol since 1943. Including the six cases shown here to-dav, wve now have records of thirtv-eight ltpus patients who are being treated CxcluLsively vith calciferol or being followed u'p after stopping it.
The corpus luteum of the guinea pig. Fine structure at the time of maximum progesterone secretion and during regression.

This report describes the fine structure of guinea pig luteal cells during the period of maximum progesterone secretion and throughout involution, in ovaries that have been fixed by perfusion, a technique that provides optimal preservation of steroid-secreting tissues. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER), a prominent organelle in these cells, is particularly well preserved by this method of fixation. During the time of maximal progesterone secretion, luteal cells contain abundant tubules and cisternae of smooth ER, many mitochondria, a well-developed Golgi complex and some lipid droplets. This fine structural picture is consistent with active steroidogenesis. Autophagy plays an important role in the regression of luteal cells in the corpus luteum. The onset of luteolysis is marked by the appearance of structurally complex autophagic vacuoles, one of which has not been described previously in luteal cells. This autophagic vacuole seems to originate from GERL (Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosomes) as a cup-shaped structure, which subsequently increases in size and complexity. Regressing luteal cells also contain increased numbers of both dense bodies (lysosomes) and lipid droplets, and exhibit changes in nuclear and mitochondrial morphology. In contrast to previous reports in the literature, changes in the morphology of smooth ER were not observed as a characteristic feature of involution in corpora lutea of guinea pigs in the present study. Advanced regression of luteal cells is characterized by multiple fusion of lipid droplets and a decrease in the amount of smooth ER. Another mechanism active in the breakdown of the corpus luteum is the phagocytosis of luteal cells by macrophages. Although present at all stages, macrophages are most abundant in older corpora lutea, where they often surround dead or dying luteal cells.
NSPUDT structures with inclined reflectors on langasite

The paper deals with experimental measurements of the reflection in inclined reflecting arrays (RA) of thin-film strips, made with different metals on langasite yxlt/48.5/spl deg//26.6/spl deg/. We have studied the reflection in inclined arrays from ordinary aluminum coatings in comparison to speed reducing coatings such as Au/Ti, Ni/Cu/Ti, Al/W and speed increasing coatings such as Al/Mg-alloy in combination with transducers. Properties of transducers made with such materials are also discussed.