Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
βII‐Spectrin (SPTBN1) suppresses progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and Wnt signaling by regulation of Wnt inhibitor kallistatin

βII‐Spectrin (SPTBN1) is an adapter protein for Smad3/Smad4 complex formation during transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signal transduction. Forty percent of SPTBN1+/− mice spontaneously develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and most cases of human HCC have significant reductions in SPTBN1 expression. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms by which loss of SPTBN1 may contribute to tumorigenesis. Livers of SPTBN1+/− mice, compared to wild‐type mouse livers, display a significant increase in epithelial cell adhesion molecule‐positive (EpCAM+) cells and overall EpCAM expression. Inhibition of SPTBN1 in human HCC cell lines increased the expression of stem cell markers EpCAM, Claudin7, and Oct4, as well as decreased E‐cadherin expression and increased expression of vimentin and c‐Myc, suggesting reversion of these cells to a less differentiated state. HCC cells with decreased SPTBN1 also demonstrate increased sphere formation, xenograft tumor development, and invasion. Here we investigate possible mechanisms by which SPTBN1 may influence the stem cell traits and aggressive behavior of HCC cell lines. We found that HCC cells with decreased SPTBN1 express much less of the Wnt inhibitor kallistatin and exhibit decreased β‐catenin phosphorylation and increased β‐catenin nuclear localization, indicating Wnt signaling activation. Restoration of kallistatin expression in these cells reversed the observed Wnt activation. Conclusion: SPTBN1 expression in human HCC tissues is positively correlated with E‐cadherin and kallistatin levels, and decreased SPTBN1 and kallistatin gene expression is associated with decreased relapse‐free survival. Our data suggest that loss of SPTBN1 activates Wnt signaling, which promotes acquisition of stem cell‐like features, and ultimately contributes to malignant tumor progression. (Hepatology 2015;61:598‐612)
Research on Outcomes of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Advances and Future Directions

The articles in this series demonstrate the diversity of research approaches needed to enhance understanding of the sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. Methods ranged from assessment of information processing deficits to evaluation of the construct validity of cognitive tests, tracking of changes in academic achievement after injury, and measurement of behavior and social outcomes. Several articles considered multiple influences on sequelae, including TBI severity, age at injury, time since injury, and preinjury child characteristics. The findings provide new information on injury consequences and the cognitive correlates of postinjury problems in behavior, achievement, and discourse processing. Continued progress requires additional study of relations between specific forms of neuropathology and outcomes, more comprehensive assessments of environmental influences, and greater efforts to monitor postinjury developmental changes. Other needs include more probing assessments of the effects of TBI on daily functioning and social-emotional outcomes, investigation of the specificity of sequelae and of sources of variability in outcome, and application of models that examine mechanisms of effect. This research will benefit clinical practice, clarify processes underlying children's behavior and learning problems, and advance knowledge of normal development.
Effective lipid modification by partial ileal bypass reduced long-term coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity: five-year posttrial follow-up report from the POSCH. Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias.

BACKGROUND In 1990, when the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) reported its in-trial results strongly supporting the conclusion that effective lipid modification reduces progression of atherosclerosis, the differences for the end points of overall mortality and mortality from atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (ACHD) did not reach statistical significance. METHODS The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias recruited men and women with a single documented myocardial infarction between the ages of 30 and 64 years who had a plasma cholesterol level higher than 5.69 mmol/L (220 mg/dL) or higher than 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) if the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was in excess of 3.62 mmol/L (140 mg/dL). Between 1975 and 1983, 838 patients were randomized: 417 to the diet control group and 421 to the diet plus partial ileal bypass intervention group. Mean patient follow-up for this 5-year posttrial report was 14.7 years (range, 12.2-20 years). RESULTS At 5 years after the trial, statistical significance was obtained for differences in overall mortality (P = .049) and mortality from ACHD (P = .03). Other POSCH end points included overall mortality (left ventricular ejection fraction > or =50%) (P = .01), mortality from ACHD (left ventricular ejection fraction > or =50%) (P = .05), mortality from ACHD and confirmed nonfatal myocardial infarction (P<.001), confirmed nonfatal myocardial infarction (P<.001), mortality from ACHD, confirmed and suspected myocardial infarction and unstable angina (P<.001), incidence of coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (P<.001), and onset of clinical peripheral vascular disease (P = .02). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for cerebrovascular events, mortality from non-ACHD, and cancer. All POSCH patients have been available for follow-up. CONCLUSION At 5 years after the trial, all POSCH mortality and atherosclerosis end points, including overall mortality and mortality from ACHD, demonstrated statistically significant differences between the study groups.
MALE ERECTILE DISORDERS IN VIETNAM COMBAT VETERANS WITH CHRONIC POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Asst. Chief, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA and Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA and Consultant, Georgia Regional Hospital and Augusta Correctional and Medical Institute, Augusta, GA, USA Assoc. Professor of Psychiatry, Medical College of Georgia; Consultant Psychologist, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA and DDEAMC, Fort Gordon, Augusta, GA (Dept. of Defense), USA
New Diagnostic and Molecular Characteristics of Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma is a primary cancer of the serosal cavities, an anatomic site that is also frequently affected by metastatic disease, predominantly from primary carcinomas of the lung, breast, and ovary. Advances in immunohistochemistry have resulted in improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis between metastatic adenocarcinoma and malignant mesothelioma in both cytological and histological material. Recently, the author's group applied high throughput technology to the identification of new markers that may aid in differentiating malignant mesothelioma from ovarian and peritoneal serous carcinoma, tumors with closely related histogenesis and antigenic profile. In addition to the improved tools available for serosal cancer diagnosis, knowledge regarding the biology of malignant mesothelioma has been accumulating in recent years. This review presents current data regarding the diagnostic and biological aspects of malignant mesothelioma.
The effect of copy number variation in the phase II detoxification genes UGT2B17 and UGT2B28 on colorectal cancer risk

Genetic polymorphisms in combination with the Western‐style diet, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity have been hypothesized to affect colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Metabolizers of environmental carcinogenic and endogenous compounds affecting CRC risk include the phase II detoxification UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes UGT2B17 and UGT2B28, which are 2 of the most commonly deleted genes in the genome.
Impact of a short early therapeutic education program on the quality of life of asthmatic children and their families

Few studies have been made on the impact of therapeutic education (TE) on the quality of life (QOL) of asthmatic primary‐school aged children. We attempted to assess the beneficial effects on the QOL of children and their parents of a short TE program initiated immediately after the first consultation with a pediatric pulmonologist.
Ejector and propeller spin-down: how might a superluminous supernova millisecond magnetar become the 6.67 h pulsar in RCW 103

The X-ray source 1E 161348-5055 in the supernova remnant RCW 103 recently exhibited X-ray activity typical of magnetars, i.e. neutron stars with magnetic fields > 10^14-10^15 G. However, 1E 161348-5055 has an observed period of 6.67 hr, in contrast to magnetars which have a spin period of seconds. Here we describe a simple model which can explain the spin evolution of 1E 161348-5055, as well as other magnetars, from an initial period of milliseconds that would be required for dynamo generation of magnetar-strength magnetic fields. We propose that the key difference between 1E 161348-5055 and other magnetars is the persistence of a remnant disk of small total mass. This disk caused 1E 161348-5055 to undergo ejector and propeller phases in its life, during which strong torques caused a rapid increase of its spin period. By matching its observed spin period and ~1-3 kyr age, we find that 1E 161348-5055 has the (slightly) highest magnetic field of all known magnetars, with B~5x10^15 G, and that its disk had a mass of ~10^24 g, comparable to that of the asteroid Ceres.
Pairwise comparisons across species are problematic when analyzing functional genomic data

Significance Comparisons of genome function between species are providing important insight into the evolutionary origins of diversity. Here, we show that comparative functional genomics studies can come to the wrong conclusions if they do not take the relationships of species into account and instead rely on pairwise comparisons between species, as is common practice. We reexamined two previously published studies and found problems with pairwise comparisons that draw both their original conclusions into question. One study found support for the ortholog conjecture, and the other concluded that evolution of gene expression differed in pattern and process between animal phyla vs. within animal phyla. Our results show that, to answer evolutionary questions about genome function, it is critical to consider evolutionary relationships. There is considerable interest in comparing functional genomic data across species. One goal of such work is to provide an integrated understanding of genome and phenotype evolution. Most comparative functional genomic studies have relied on multiple pairwise comparisons between species, an approach that does not incorporate information about the evolutionary relationships among species. The statistical problems that arise from not considering these relationships can lead pairwise approaches to the wrong conclusions and are a missed opportunity to learn about biology that can only be understood in an explicit phylogenetic context. Here, we examine two recently published studies that compare gene expression across species with pairwise methods, and find reason to question the original conclusions of both. One study interpreted pairwise comparisons of gene expression as support for the ortholog conjecture, the hypothesis that orthologs tend to have more similar attributes (expression in this case) than paralogs. The other study interpreted pairwise comparisons of embryonic gene expression across distantly related animals as evidence for a distinct evolutionary process that gave rise to phyla. In each study, distinct patterns of pairwise similarity among species were originally interpreted as evidence of particular evolutionary processes, but instead, we find that they reflect species relationships. These reanalyses concretely show the inadequacy of pairwise comparisons for analyzing functional genomic data across species. It will be critical to adopt phylogenetic comparative methods in future functional genomic work. Fortunately, phylogenetic comparative biology is also a rapidly advancing field with many methods that can be directly applied to functional genomic data.
Changes in lysosomal enzymes and mannose-6-phosphate receptors related to sexual maturation in bull epididymis.

One of the most striking features of the mammalian epididymis is the secretion of lysosomal enzymes (LE). These LE may play a role in sperm maturation. In the present study we investigated the activity and distribution of four LE (? -galactosidase (? -Gal), N-acetyl-? -D-glucosaminidase (? -NAG), ? -mannosidase (? -Man) and ? -glucuronidase (? -Glu)) in bull epididymis at two different ages (6 months and 4 years) to determine whether these enzymes vary with sexual maturity. In young, sexually immature (SI) bulls we found high LE activity in the epididymal tissue that accounts for a developed and active lysosomal apparatus. In contrast, low LE activity was measured in sexually mature (SM) bulls, and ? -NAG and ? -Gal were mostly secreted into the lumen. We also attempted to correlate LE distribution with the expression and functionality of mannose-6-phosphate receptors (MPRs), which are thought to be involved in proper delivery of LE to lysosomes. The cation-dependent MPR was highly expressed in SI bulls, with expression decreasing during adulthood, whereas the expression of the cation-independent MPR was higher in SM than SI bulls. In addition, the four enzymes recovered from the epididymal lumen interact with both MPRs at each age. We conclude that the activity and distribution of LE in bull epididymis varies with sexual maturity and that the distribution is regulated differently by the two types of MPR. These findings could provide some molecular basis for male infertility.
Evaluation of genetic variants in miRNAs in patients with colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND Aberrant expression and structural alteration of miRNAs are considered to participate in cancer development. It has been suggested that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs are associated with susceptibility to several human diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A case-control study at 157 CRC patients and 299 healthy controls of Greek origin was undertaken in order to investigate the association between the genotype and allelic frequencies of three common SNPs (rs2910164, rs11614913 and rs3746444) in pre-miRNAs, miR-146a, miR-196a2 and miR-499. RESULTS The risk for CRC was significantly higher at the carriers of miR-146a rs2910164 CC genotype and C allele (p=0.02 and p< 0.001, respectively). None of the other performed analysis showed any statistically significant results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the rs2910164 polymorphism in pre-miRNA, miR-146a may be associated with the risk of CRC.
Do wisdom teeth induce lower anterior teeth crowding? A systematic literature review.

OBJECTIVE Individuals with dental crowding are the most frequent patients in the orthodontic practice.The purpose of this article is to find out if the lower third molars are the main reason of crowding in the lower dental arch. As well to find out other factors which can influence the lower incisors crowding. METHODS The aim was to identify studies and reviews related to the effect of the lower third molars on the lower dental arch crowding. A literature survey was performed using Medline database. Used key words were lower third molar, influence of wisdom teeth, wisdom teeth and anterior crowding, lower dental arch changes. The articles from 1971 to 2011 related to topic were identified. Selected articles were published in dental journals in English. Full texts of the selected articles were analyzed. Articles about the dental crowding after orthodontic treatment were not included. All studies accomplished with human participants. RESULTS It was found 223 articles but only 21 articles corresponded to selected criteria and were analyzed. This review is based on the investigations of 12 laboratory researchers, 4 clinical researches, 2 questionnaires and 3 literature reviews. CONCLUSION The results are quite contradictory: some authors support the opinion that lower third molars cause teeth crowding, the others confirm conversy. Exist other factors affecting the mandibular incisors crowding: dental (teeth crown size, dental arch length loss, poor periodontal status and primary teeth loss), skeletal (growth of the jaws and malocclusion) and general (age and gender).
A simulation testbed to jointly exploit multiple image compression techniques for wireless multimedia sensor networks

As the demand for large-scale wireless multimedia sensor networks increases, so does the need for well-designed protocols that optimize the utilization of available networks resources. This requires experimental testing for realistic performance evaluation and design tuning. However, experimental testing of large-scale wireless networks using hardware testbeds is usually very hard to perform due to the need for collecting and monitoring the performance metrics data for multiple sensor nodes all at the same time, especially the node's energy consumption data. On the other hand, pure simulation testing may not accurately replicate the real-life scenarios, especially those parameters that are related to the wireless signal behavior in special environments. Therefore, this work attempts to close this gap between experimental and simulation testing. This paper presents a scalable simulation testbed that attempts to mimic our previously designed small-scale hardware testbed for wireless multimedia sensor networks by tuning the simulation parameters to match the real-life measurements obtained via experimental testing. The proposed simulation testbed embeds the JPEG and JPEG2000 image compression algorithms and potentially allows for network-controlled image compression and transmission decisions. The simulation results show very close match to the small-scale experimental testing as well as to the hypothetical large-scale extensions that were based on the experimental results.
Gaia 18dvy: A New FUor in the Cygnus OB3 Association

We present optical–infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of Gaia 18dvy, located in the Cygnus OB3 association at a distance of 1.88 kpc. Gaia 18dvy was noted by the Gaia alerts system when its light curve exhibited a ≳4 mag rise in 2018–2019. The brightening was also observable at mid-infared wavelengths. The infrared colors of Gaia 18dvy became bluer as the outburst progressed. Its optical and near-infrared spectroscopic characteristics in the outburst phase are consistent with those of bona fide FU Orionis-type young eruptive stars. The progenitor of the outburst is probably a low-mass K-type star with an optical extinction of ∼3 mag. A radiative transfer modeling of the circumstellar structure, based on the quiescent spectral energy distribution, indicates a disk with a mass of 4 × 10−3 M⊙. Our simple accretion disk modeling implies that the accretion rate had been exponentially increasing for more than 3 yr until mid-2019, when it reached a peak value of 6.9 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1. In many respects, Gaia 18dvy is similar to the FU Ori-type object HBC 722.
Rupture of the patellar ligament after use of its central third for anterior cruciate reconstruction. A report of two cases.

A portion of the patellar ligament is commonly used as an intra-articular substitution for the torn anterior cruciate ligament8’9’’13”5. Use of part of the patellar ligament has also been described for the surgical correction of recurrent subluxation of the patella2#{176}and for reconstruction of the collateral ligaments of the knee’9. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of patellar ligament ruptures have been reported. The former deficiencies have usually been in patients with underlying disease processes7”6”7. Ruptures of the patellar ligament have been reported after total knee replacement3 and after patellar realignment by the Roux-Goldthwaite method’9. To date no report has described rupture of the patellar ligament after use of part of it as an intra-articular graft to substitute for a torn anterior cruciate ligament. In this report we describe two such ruptures that occurred after use of the central third of the patellar ligament’3 to replace the anterior cruciate ligament.
Necdin Downregulates Cdc2 Expression to Attenuate Neuronal Apoptosis

The cell cycle-regulatory transcription factor E2F1 induces apoptosis of postmitotic neurons in developmental and pathological situations. E2F1 transcriptionally activates many proapoptotic genes including the cyclin-dependent protein kinase cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2). Necdin is a potent mitotic suppressor expressed predominantly in postmitotic neurons and interacts with E2F1 to suppress E2F1-mediated gene transcription. The necdin gene NDN is maternally imprinted and expressed only from the paternal allele. Deletion of the paternal NDN is implicated in the pathogenesis of Prader-Willi syndrome, a genomic imprinting-associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Here, we show that paternally expressed necdin represses E2F1-dependent cdc2 gene transcription and attenuates apoptosis of postmitotic neurons. Necdin was abundantly expressed in differentiated cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Neuronal activity deprivation elevated the expression of both E2F1 and Cdc2 in primary CGNs prepared from mice at postnatal day 6, whereas the necdin levels remained unchanged. In chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, endogenous necdin was associated with the cdc2 promoter containing an E2F-binding site in activity-deprived CGNs. After activity deprivation, CGNs underwent apoptosis, which was augmented in those prepared from mice defective in the paternal Ndn allele (Ndn+m/−p). The levels of cdc2 mRNA, protein, and kinase activity were significantly higher in Ndn+m/−p CGNs than in wild-type CGNs under activity-deprived conditions. Furthermore, the populations of Cdc2-immunoreactive and apoptotic cells were increased in the cerebellum in vivo of Ndn+m/−p mice. These results suggest that endogenous necdin attenuates neuronal apoptosis by suppressing the E2F1–Cdc2 system.
Linear Transceiver Design for Full-Duplex Multi-Cell MIMO Systems

We consider a multi-cell multiple-input multiple-output full-duplex (FD) system, where multiple FD capable base stations (BSs) serve multiple mobile users operating in FD mode. The self-interference at the BSs and users, and co-channel interference (CCI) between all the nodes (BSs and users) in the system are both taken into account. We consider the transmit and receive filter design for sum-rate maximization problem subject to sum-power constraints at the BSs and individual power constraints at each user of the system under the limited dynamic range considerations at the transmitters and the receivers. By reformulating this non-convex problem as an equivalent multi-convex optimization problem with the addition of two auxiliary variables, we propose a low complexity alternating algorithm that converges to a stationary point. Since this sum-rate maximization results in starvation of users in terms of resources depending on the power of the self-interference and CCI channels, we modify the sum-rate maximization problem by adding target data rate constraints on each user, and propose an algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation of the rate constraints.