Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etude expérimentale de deux tourbillons corotatifs

Cette these porte sur l'etude experimentale de deux tourbillons corotatifs paralleles, crees dans l'eau par le mouvement impulsionnel de deux plaques planes, et analyses au moyen de visualisations au colorant et de Visualisation par Images de Particules (PIV). Nous avons cree un algorithme de PIV optimise pour les ecoulements a forts gradients de vitesse, qui translate les fenetres d'interrogation de maniere symetrique puis les deforme en fonction des gradients de vitesse. Aux faibles nombres de Reynolds, les tourbillons restent bidimensionnels et laminaires et fusionnent en un unique vortex en trois etapes : (1) la croissance visqueuse des cœurs jusqu'a une taille critique egale a 24% de la distance de separation, (2) la fusion convective, et (3) l'axisymetrisation du vortex final, dont le carre de la taille du cœur vaut deux fois le carre de la taille des vortex initiaux. Un modele, base sur le moment angulaire des filaments, predit une destabilisation du systeme de deux vortex et une chute de la distance de separation, lorsque la taille du cœur depasse une valeur critique. Aux nombres de Reynolds eleves, il apparait une instabilite tridimensionnelle, liee a l'instabilite elliptique des cœurs des vortex, creant l'ondulation des cœurs des vortex a l'interieur d'un tube de courant invariant. Le taux de croissance et la largeur de la bande de longueurs d'onde sont en tres bon accord avec les predictions theoriques. La fusion apparait pour des tailles de cœur plus faibles, et donnent lieu a un vortex final plus turbulent et plus gros qu'en l'absence de l'instabilite tridimensionnelle. Enfin, nous avons analyse l'evolution d'une tache de colorant dans un des tourbillons de la paire. Ce scalaire est soumis a de l'hyperdiffusion grâce a l'action couplee de l'etirement et de la diffusion. Un modele simple predit une decroissance du scalaire comme t-3/2, mais indique que la densite de probabilite du scalaire reste stationnaire, ce qui est en accord avec les resultats experimentaux. La densite de probabilite du scalaire evolue peu dans le cas de la fusion laminaire, mais decroit fortement lors de la fusion turbulente.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS (Studi Pada Perusahaan Food & Beverage Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2016)

This study aims to know and explain Return On Assets (X1), Return On Equity (X2), Current Ratio (X3), Debt Ratio (X4) partially influence the financial distress (Y) on food and beverage companies listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia. Knowing and explaining Return On Assets (X1), Return On Equity (X2), Current Ratio (X3), Debt Ratio (X4) influence simultaneously to financial distress (Y) on food and beverage companies listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia. Profitability measured by ROA (Return On Asset) and ROE (Return On Equity), liquidity is measured by CR (Current Ratio) and leverage is measured by DR (Debt Ratio) simultaneously and partially to financial distress. This type of research is included in explanative research with quantitative approach. This research use multiple linear regression analysis method. The population in this study there are 16 food and beverage companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The method of analysis in this study using Altman Z-Score analysis method, statistical data analysis, inferential data analysis. The results of this study indicate that; 1) RO, ROE and CR partially have no significant effect on financial distress; 2) DR has a significant effect on financial distress; ROA, ROE, CR and DR simultaneously affect the financial distress. Kеywords: Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, Financial Distress АBSTRАK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan menjelaskan Return On Assets (X1), Return On Equity (X2), Current Ratio (X3), Debt Ratio(X4) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap financial distress (Y) pada perusahaan food and beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Mengetahui dan menjelaskan Return On Assets (X1), Return On Equity (X2), Current Ratio (X3), Debt Ratio (X4) berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap financial distress (Y) pada perusahaan food and beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Profitabilits yang diukur dengan ROA ( Return On Asset) dan ROE ( Return On Equity ), likuiditas diukur dengan CR ( Current Ratio ) dan leverage diukur dengan DR ( Debt Ratio ) secara simultan dan parsial terhadap financial distress . Jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian eksplanatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Populasi dalam penelitian ini terdapat 16 perusahaan food and beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analsis Altman Z-Score , analisis data statistik, analisis data inferensial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa; 1) ROA, ROE dan CR secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress ; 2) DR berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress ; 3) ROA, ROE, CR dan DR secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap financial distress. Kаtа Kunci: Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Leverage, Financial Distress
Upregulation of endogenous intrahepatic interferon stimulated genes during chronic hepatitis C virus infection

The success of interferon‐α and ribavirin combination therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C viral infection differs between patients. In an attempt to identify predictors of host response to therapy, the levels of mRNA for interferon (IFN) stimulated genes: MxA, PKR, 2′5′ OAS, ISG15, and interleukin 8 (IL‐8), were examined in liver by real‐time RT‐PCR prior to commencement of therapy. The levels of intrahepatic classical IFN stimulated genes, but not IL‐8, in chronic HCV disease (n = 44) were found to be significantly upregulated (P < 0.001) compared to the control cohort (n = 12). The genotype of the infecting HCV strain did not influence IFN stimulated gene expression. These results suggest that the endogenous type 1 IFN antiviral effector pathway is broadly activated during chronic HCV disease, although the levels of mRNA for any of the IFN‐stimulated genes tested did not predict the outcome of combination therapy. J. Med. Virol. 70: 219–227, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of continental margins and water mass circulation on the distribution of dissolved aluminum and manganese in Drake Passage

A total of 232 samples were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved aluminum ([Al]) and manganese ([Mn]) in Drake Passage. Both [Al] and [Mn] were extremely low (similar to 0.3 and 0.1 nM, respectively) in the surface layer of the middle Drake Passage, most likely due to limited input and biological uptake/scavenging. Elevated [Al] (>14 nM) and [Mn] (>2 nM) over the South American continental shelf are related to land run-off, whereas elevated concentrations (>1 nM and >2 nM, respectively) near the Antarctic Peninsula are most likely related to sediment re-suspension. Re-suspension of sedimentary particles and pore waters influences the distribution of [Al] and [Mn] over the continental slopes on both sides of Drake Passage. The influence of the continental margins and accumulated dust input potentially explains the higher [Al] observed eastward in the Atlantic section of the Southern Ocean. In the northern Drake Passage, elevated [Al] (similar to 0.8 nM) and [Mn] (similar to 0.3 nM) near the seafloor are most likely the result of bottom sediment re-suspension by the relatively strong currents. In the deep southern Drake Passage sediment re-suspension associated with the inflow of Weddell Sea Deep Water appears to cause elevated [Al] (>1 nM) and [Mn] (similar to 0.4 nM). In the deep northern Drake Passage, North Atlantic Deep Water brings in elevated [Al] and Southeast Pacific Deep Slope Water brings in the signature of Pacific hydrothermal vents. Elevated [Mn] and delta He-3 were correlated in this water layer and are most likely originating from the volcanically active ridges in the Pacific Ocean.
Research implications of the unusual properties of distributions for variables derived from actual and forecast EPS

Prior research documents unusual aspects of distributions for variables based on actual and forecast EPS. For example, EPS forecast errors should have zero means and magnitudes that increase with scale, but in fact have positive means, which increase with scale, and magnitudes that do not vary with scale. These unexpected patterns are created because managers smooth EPS volatility and guide forecasts down, with the extent of smoothing/guidance increasing with scale. While investors recognize these patterns and respond appropriately, researchers are in general unaware. We discuss potential biases in inferences caused by research not adjusting for managerial and investor behavior, and offer simple solutions.
Ingredients for a Positive Safety Culture

With Thanksgiving on the horizon, many of us are planning ahead for our favorite and most elaborate meal of the year. We make shopping lists, line up our kitchen hardware, choreograph our stoves and microwaves, and delegate dessert to the people we trust. It works best when managed from the top down (by my UC Berkeley friend Matt Francis, for example), with attention to detail, careful risk assessment (are you sure you want to beta test that new recipe on this day? ), and contingency plans (i.e., find out in advance which pizza places are open). It’s a good thing the stakes are not all that high should things take a wrong turn.
Microarray Analysis of Sarcomas

Microarrays began to be used to study gene expression profiles in the mid-1990s, but it was only after 2000 that serious attempts have been made to apply this technology to investigate sarcomas. Microarray technologies provide a comprehensive survey of active molecular pathways and potential molecular targets for diagnosis and treatment, but are challenging to use because of issues of specimen collection, cost, and complexities in experimental design and data analysis. As a discovery-based technique, microarray analyses are most valuable when framed around specific gaps in our knowledge of tumor etiology and progression, challenges in differential diagnosis, and pressing therapeutic needs. To date, microarray analyses of sarcomas support their division into molecularly defined and molecularly heterogeneous categories, and have provided useful diagnostic markers for entities such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors, synovial sarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Signatures predicting outcome and response to therapy have been published for Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, and receptor tyrosine kinase expression patterns have suggested novel therapeutic approaches which may be applied to several types of sarcoma. Nevertheless, results need to be interpreted in the context of histopathology and validated by complementary technologies and/or other research groups.
Emerging antithrombotic drugs for acute coronary syndrome

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses acute myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina. Activation of platelets and coagulation cascade plays a central role in the development of ACS. Over the past decade, there have been substantial improvements in the strategies for secondary prevention of ACS, including the development of more potent oral antiplatelet agents such as prasugrel and ticagrelor. However, therapies with even better efficacy and safety profiles and more rapid onset and offset of action would be desirable. Areas covered: This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the currently available antithrombotic agents and describes the findings from recent clinical trials of three novel agents; cangrelor (an intravenous P2Y12 receptor antagonist), vorapaxar (protease-activated receptor-1 inhibitor) and rivaroxaban (an oral factor Xa inhibitor). Expert opinion: Cangrelor appears more promising than clopidogrel when a very rapid onset and reversal of antiplatelet effect is needed. Vorapaxar in addition to standard oral antiplatelet therapy was effective in patients with prior MI, but was not safe in patients with a prior stroke. Low dose rivaroxaban decreased cardiovascular events and mortality in patients post-ACS compared to placebo, although bleeding was increased.
Augmented Renal Clearance Implies a Need for Increased Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid Dosing in Critically Ill Children

ABSTRACT There is little data available to guide amoxicillin-clavulanic acid dosing in critically ill children. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of both compounds in this pediatric subpopulation. Patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) in whom intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was indicated (25 to 35 mg/kg of body weight every 6 h) were enrolled. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted, and the clinical outcome was documented. A total of 325 and 151 blood samples were collected from 50 patients (median age, 2.58 years; age range, 1 month to 15 years) treated with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, respectively. A three-compartment model for amoxicillin and a two-compartment model for clavulanic acid best described the data, in which allometric weight scaling and maturation functions were added a priori to scale for size and age. In addition, plasma cystatin C and concomitant treatment with vasopressors were identified to have a significant influence on amoxicillin clearance. The typical population values of clearance for amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were 17.97 liters/h/70 kg and 12.20 liters/h/70 kg, respectively. In 32% of the treated patients, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy was stopped prematurely due to clinical failure, and the patient was switched to broader-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that four-hourly dosing of 25 mg/kg was required to achieve the therapeutic target for both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. For patients with augmented renal function, a 1-h infusion was preferable to bolus dosing. Current published dosing regimens result in subtherapeutic concentrations in the early period of sepsis due to augmented renal clearance, which risks clinical failure in critically ill children, and therefore need to be updated. (This study has been registered at Clinicaltrials.gov as an observational study [NCT02456974].)
Interactions of Butyric Acid– and Acetic Acid–Treated Salmonella with Chicken Primary Cecal Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Abstract In vitro studies of the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the chicken intestinal epithelium are hampered by the lack of a host- and tissue-specific in vitro model. Therefore, a reproducible method for isolation and cultivation of chicken primary cecal epithelial cells was developed. Cecal crypts were isolated and cultured in vitro to form a semiconfluent layer of epithelial cells. Incubation of Salmonella enteritidis with these cells resulted in invasion. Pretreatment of the Salmonella bacteria with butyric acid resulted in a significant decrease of invasion of the bacteria in the chicken cecal epithelial cells, whereas pretreatment with acetic acid increased invasiveness. These interactions of S. enteritidis with primary chicken cecal epithelial cells were similar to the interactions with other epithelial cell types.
Effectiveness of Policy and Regulation in European Sovereign Credit Risk Markets: A Network Analysis

We study the impact of changes in regulations and policy interventions on systemic risk among European sovereigns measured as volatility spillovers in respective credit risk markets. Our unique intraday CDS dataset allows for precise measurement of the effectiveness of these events in a network setting. In particular, it allows discerning interventions which entail significant changes in network cross-effects with appropriate bootstrap confidence intervals. We show that it was mainly regulatory changes with the ban of trading naked sovereign CDS in 2012 as well as the new ISDA regulations in 2014 which were most effective in reducing systemic risk. In comparison, we find that the effect of policy interventions was minor and generally not sustainable. In particular, they only had a significant impact when implemented for the first time and when targeting more than one country. For the volatility spillover channels, we generally find balanced networks with no fragmentation over time.
Mechanisms with Referrals: VCG Mechanisms and Multilevel Mechanisms

We study mechanisms for environments in which only some of the agents are directly connected to a mechanism designer and the other agents can participate in a mechanism only through the connected agents' referrals. Agents' network connections are private information, which can be strategically concealed by avoiding making referrals; while the mechanism designer wants to elicit the agents' private information about both payoff types and network connections. The set of feasible allocations is endogenously determined by the actual participants induced by referrals. In such an environment with a varying population, we define a VCG mechanism as a benchmark for an efficient mechanism. It is incentive compatible and individually rational, but it generically runs a deficit as it requires too much compensation for referrals. Alternatively as a budget-surplus mechanism, we introduce a multilevel mechanism, in which each agent is compensated by the agents who would not be able to participate without her referrals. Under a multilevel mechanism, we show that fully referring one's acquaintances is a dominant strategy and agents have no incentive to under-report their payoff type if the social welfare is submodular. As applications, a single-item auction and a public good provision game are studied. We show that a multilevel mechanism guarantees a revenue higher than any standard auction. In a public good provision game, a principal can achieve an efficient and budget-balanced allocation through a multilevel mechanism if the agents have a binary preference on the public good.
Treatment of postpartum hemolytic uremic syndrome with plasma exchange.

POSTPARTUM hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare disease with a reported mortality of 61%. 1 Heparin and antiplatelet agents are of unproved benefit in the treatment of HUS. 2,3 Recently Remuzzi and co-workers 4 demonstrated reversal of hemolysis and thrombocytopenia within 48 hours after a single plasma exchange in two middle-aged women with severe hypertension and HUS. The present report describes the treatment of HUS in a postpartum patient with plasma exchange alone, documenting the promptness with which it reversed hemolysis and thrombocytopenia in this setting. Report of a Case A 23-year-old woman (gravida 4, para 2, abortus 1) was seen at another hospital in her 34th gestational week with acute abdominal pain. She was preeclamptic. Her hematocrit reading was 20% and platelet count was 113,000/cu mm. She received packed RBCs and 2 units of fresh-frozen plasma. Five hours after admission she was spontaneously delivered of a stillborn infant
The Impact of Linguistic Distance and Financial Reporting Readability on Foreign Holdings of U.S. Stocks

Using a sample of 75 countries, we show that foreigners invest less in U.S. stocks when they are from countries with greater linguistic distances and when U.S. financial reports are more difficult to read. Our results suggest that linguistic distance and linguistic complexity in financial reports act as information processing frictions for foreign investors, even in the U.S. market where foreign investors should have the greatest ability, resources, and incentives to overcome language translation and readability issues. Additionally, we show that foreigners invest more in U.S. Treasuries and consume more when facing greater linguistic distance and financial reporting readability difficulties. These results are consistent with a “substitution effect” where foreigners increase their consumption and holdings of U.S. Treasuries because these alternatives avoid the linguistic distance and readability frictions associated with analyzing financial statements and investing in U.S. equities.
Heat transfer in a gas mixture between two parallel plates: Finite-difference analysis of the Boltzmann equation

The problem of heat transfer and temperature distribution in a binary mixture of rarefied gases between two parallel plates with different temperatures is investigated on the basis of kinetic theory. Under the assumption that the gas molecules are hard spheres and undergo diffuse reflection on the plates, the Boltzmann equation is analyzed numerically by means of an accurate finite-difference method, in which the complicated nonlinear collision integrals are computed efficiently by the deterministic numerical kernel method. As a result, the overall quantities (the heat flow in the mixture, etc.) as well as the profiles of the macroscopic quantities (the molecular number densities of the individual components, the temperature of the total mixture, etc.) are obtained accurately for a wide range of the Knudsen number. At the same time, the behavior of the velocity distribution function is clarified with high accuracy.
Extracellular K(+)‐induced hyperpolarizations and dilatations of rat coronary and cerebral arteries involve inward rectifier K(+) channels.

1. The hypothesis that inward rectifier K(+) channels are involved in the vasodilatation of small coronary and cerebral arteries (100‐200 microm diameter) in response to elevated [K+]o was tested. The diameters and membrane potentials of pressurized arteries from rat were measured using a video‐imaging system and conventional microelectrodes, respectively. 2. Elevation of [K+]o from 6 to 16 mM caused the membrane potential of pressurized (60 mmHg) arteries to hyperpolarize by 12‐14 mV. Extracellular Ba(2+) (Ba2+(o)) blocked K(+)‐induced membrane potential hyperpolarizations at concentrations (IC(50), 6 microM) that block inward rectifier K(+) currents in smooth muscle cells isolated from these arteries. 3. Elevation of [K+]o from 6 to 16 mM caused sustained dilatations of pressurized coronary and cerebral arteries with diameters increasing from 125 to 192 microm and 110 to 180 microm in coronary and cerebral arteries, respectively. Ba2+(o) blocked K(+)‐induced dilatations of pressurized coronary and cerebral arteries (IC50, 3‐8 microM). 4. Elevated [K+]o‐induced vasodilatation was not prevented by blockers of other types of K(+) channels (1 mM 4‐aminopyridine, 1 mM TEA+, and 10 mu M glibenclamide), and blockers of Na(+)‐K(+)‐ATPase. Elevated [K+]o‐induced vasodilatation was unaffected by removal of the endothelium. 5. These findings suggest that K+(o) dilates small rat coronary and cerebral arteries through activation of inward rectifier K(+) channels. Furthermore, these results support the hypothesis that inward rectifier K(+) channels may be involved in metabolic regulation of coronary and cerebral blood flow in response to changes in [K+]o.