Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structures of the vorticity tube segment in turbulence

To address the geometrical properties of the turbulent velocity vector field, a new concept named streamtube segment has been developed recently [L. Wang, “On properties of fluid turbulence along streamlines,” J. Fluid Mech. 648, 183–203 (2010)10.1017/S0022112009993041]. According to the vectorial topology, the entire velocity field can be partitioned into the so-called streamtube segments, which are organized in a non-overlapping and space-filling manner. In principle, properties of turbulent fields can be reproduced from those of the decomposed geometrical units with relatively simple structures. A similar idea is implemented to study the turbulent vorticity vector field using the vorticity tube segment structure. Differently from the conventional vortex tubes, vorticity tube segments are space-filling and can be characterized by non-arbitrary parameters, which enables a more quantitative description rather than just an illustrative explanation of turbulence behaviors. From analyzing the direct numerica.
Status of Seabirds breeding in Hokkaido

Surveys on the status of seabirds breeding in Hokkaido were carried out in 1980rs (see Appendix). Approximate total numbers of breeding pairs in Hokkaido were: Larus schistisagus 9, 600-10, 000, L. crassirostris 36, 000-40, 000, Phalacrocorax filamentosus 1, 900, P. pelagicus 10, Uria aalge 30-60, Cerorhinca monocerata 180, 000, and Oceanodroma leucorhoa 500, 000. In breeding areas during the breeding seasons, about 20 adults of Lunda cirrhata and 400 adults of Cepphus carbo were observed. Synthliboramphus antiquus bred on Teuri and Habomaimoshiri Islands. The two Larus species and P. filamentosus have increased in numbers, whereas U. aalge, C. carbo and L. cirrhata have decreased recently; U. aalge in particular is endangered.
Economic reforms and human development: evidence from transition economies

ABSTRACT Do market-oriented economic reforms result in higher levels of human well-being? This article studies the impact of macro-level institutional and infrastructure reforms on the economic, educational and health dimensions of human well-being among 25 transition economies. We use panel data econometrics based on the LSDVC technique to analyse the effects of market-oriented reforms on the human development index (HDI), as a measure of human well-being, from 1992 to 2007. The results show the complexity of reform impacts in transition countries. They show that institutional and economic reforms led to positive economic effect and significant impacts on other dimensions of human development. We find some positive economic impacts from infrastructure sectors reforms. However, not every reform measure appears to generate positive impacts. Large-scale privatizations show negative effects in health and economic outcomes. The overall results show the importance of the interaction among different reform measures and the combined effect of these on human development.
Duration time‐series models with proportional hazard

Abstract. The analysis of liquidity in financial markets is generally performed by means of the dynamics of the observed intertrade durations (possibly weighted by price or volume). Various dynamic models for duration data have been considered in the literature, such as the Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) model. These models are often excessively constrained, introducing, for example, a deterministic link between conditional expectation and variance in the case of the ACD model. Moreover, the stationarity properties and the patterns of the stationary distributions are often unknown. The aim of this article is to solve these difficulties by considering a duration time series satisfying the proportional hazard property. We describe in detail this class of dynamic models, discuss its various representations and provide the ergodicity conditions. The proportional hazard copula can be specified either parametrically, or nonparametrically. We discuss estimation methods in both contexts, and explain why they are efficient, that is, why they reach the parametric (respectively, nonparametric) efficiency bound.
Application of Stochastic Flows to Optimal Portfolio Strategies

The author proposes a new algorithm using a stochas- tic flow technique to solve an optimal portfolio and consumption prob- lem for a single-agent in a Markovian security market setting.In that class, optimal feedback portfolio strategies are computed by the sys- tem of stochastic differential equations, which are induced by applying the differential rule of a composite function to stochastic flows.Suffi- cient conditions for the existence of feedback solutions are stated using integrability of stochastic processes.In the case of power and logarith- mic utility functions, more straightforward conditions are given and the continuity of optimal strategies is proved.
Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter in marine environments

High-molecular-weight (HMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) was isolated using cross-flow ultrafiltration from seawater across a salinity gradient in 2 estuarine/coastal marine envi- ronments —Chesapeake Bay/Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) and Galveston Bay/Gulf of Mexico. Nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) were measured on the isolated HMW DOM sam- ples (defined here as the size fraction between 1 and 200 nm), which made up ~50 to 60% of the total DOM in the estuarine regions and decreased to ~35% of the DOM at the MAB and Gulf of Mexico stations. δ 15 N values varied from 4.8 to 8.1 ‰ in the Chesapeake Bay/MAB area. In the Galveston Bay/Gulf of Mexico region, δ 15 N and δ 13 C values varied from 3.2 to 9.5‰ and -26.1 to -20.9‰, respectively. Similar distribution patterns of δ 13 C and δ 15 N were observed in both study areas, with values of δ 15 N showing a mid-salinity maximum of about 8 to 10‰, whereas δ 13 C continually increased with increasing salinity. The δ 13 C values clearly demonstrated a shift of HMW organic car- bon sources from largely terrestrial inputs in the upper-estuarine areas to marine-dominated organic carbon sources in lower-estuarine and coastal regions. The more complicated distribution patterns of δ 15 N, with δ 15 N values first increasing with salinity in estuarine regions then decreasing towards the seawater endmember, suggest more dynamic N cycling. Thus, in addition to organic matter sources, biogeochemical and isotopic fractionation processes are important factors governing marine HMW DOM δ 15 N values. Vertical profiles of HMW DOM δ 13 C in open-ocean stations generally decrease from surface water to deep waters, whereas the opposite was found for δ 15 N. HMW DOM compo- nents with heavier δ 13 C and lighter δ 15 N values seem to be preferentially degraded during their trans- port from surface to deep waters. However, other processes could also have contributed to this distri- bution trend. While the carbon isotopic signature can be used as an indicator of DOM sources, nitrogen isotopic composition, on the other hand, appears to be related to both source functions and subsequent recycling in marine environments. Comparisons of δ 15 N with previously published ∆ 14 C values for the same samples support these conclusions about possible 15 N degradation pathways.
Morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils associated in toposequence forestablishing taxonomy classes in Pratapgarh District of Rajasthan, India

The present study was conducted to study the variability in soil properties in relation to landforms, in the present investigation, two transects that is, Aravalli mountain ranges and Malwa plateau, were selected in the Pratapgarh district having eight landforms namely hill, pediments, valley, and plain in the Aravalli Mountain ranges and Malwa plateau, respectively. Total eight pedons were examined in the field and investigated in the laboratory using standard laboratory procedures. The soils on hill top and pediment were shallow, gravely sandy loam to clay loam single grain in texture with medium coarse weak sub angular blocky structure and exhibited dark yellowish brown to dark reddish brown colour. The soils of valley were deep, sandy loam to loam and silty clay loam to clay loam in texture with medium coarse weak sub angular blocky to medium fine moderate sub angular blocky structure and exhibited dark yellowish brown to dark reddish brown colour. The soils of plain were found deep, silty clay in texture with medium moderate to strong angular structure (angular and sub angular) and exhibited dark brown to very dark grayish brown colour. The available water capacity were recorded higher in the plain soils as compared to soils of other landforms as well as in Aravali mountain ranges and Malwa plateau. The pH was relatively higher in the soils of Aravali mountain ranges than Malwa plateau but EC was relatively lower in the soil of Aravali mountain ranges then Malwa plateau. Distribution of organic carbon was low in soils of all pedons but comparatively higher in soils of Malwa plateau. Base saturation was comparatively lower in the soils of lower topographic position. Cation exchange capacity was found positively correlated with clay and increases as clay increased down the slope as well as with depth. Concentration of exchangeable bases was in order of Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>Na+ in all the pedons soils. Key words: Toposequence associated soil, morphological, physical, chemical properties, taxonomy.
LEVELS OF TOTAL AMINO ACIDS, SOLUBLE PROTEINS AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN FORAGES IN RELATION TO REQUI

Soone Valley (Salt Range) Punjab, Pakistan is a rich habitat of a large number of plant and animal species. Various leguminous and non-leguminous species are indigenous to this Valley which are grazed by a large number of ruminants. Levels of total amino acids, soluble proteins and phenolic compounds were appraised in pods and leaves in the leguminous plant species therein, because metabolites are important constituents of nutrition for ruminants, The data obtained after analysis showed that amino acids and soluble proteins varied from 37.18 to 50.87 and 22.27 to 35.47 mg g –1 fresh weight in leaves respectively whereas in pods they ranged from 50.22 to 53.98and 30.67 to 35.48 mg g –1 fresh weight respectively in all species studied. Phenolic compounds ranged from 0.15 to 0.48 mg g –1 dry weight in leaves while they varied from 0.11 to 0.32 mg g –1 dry weight in pods, respectively, in all species under investigation in all pastures. Based on observations recorded for all the attributes, it was concluded that the forage plant species were palatable because all species, contained sufficient amount of amino acids and proteins. Furthermore, the effects of high levels of phenolic found in the leguminous species of the range need to be investigated on the grazing livestock therein particularly in relation to the toxicosis of these compounds on animals.
A STUDY OF THE ATOMIZATION PROCESS USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION

The liquid droplets atomization process plays an important role in several industrial processes and in many aspects of the combustion engines performance, gas turbines, diesel engines and rocket motors. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to study the atomization process is relatively new and this work studies the atomization spray field using pressure swirl atomizers and the computation simulations was done by the using of the commercial software CFX 15. The parameter analyzed was the semi-angle of the spray. Particles were placed at the entrance and different settings for the primary and secondary breakup were studied. Two models for the primary breakup (BLOB and LISA models) were tested and two other for the secondary breakup (Reitz and Diwakar model and TAB model). The numerical results were compared with experimental data and showed acceptable compatibility. Keywords: numerical simulation, CFD analysis, oxidizer injection profile, spray semi-angle
Measuring redshift-space distortions using photometric surveys

We outline how redshift-space distortions (RSD) can be measured from the angular correlation function w( ), of galaxies selected from photometric surveys. The natural degeneracy between RSD and galaxy bias can be minimized by comparing results from bins with top-hat galaxy selection in redshift, and bins based on the radial position of galaxy pair centres. This comparison can also be used to test the accuracy of the photometric redshifts. The presence of RSD will be clearly detectable with the next generation of photometric redshift surveys. We show that the Dark Energy Survey (DES) will be able to measuref(z) 8(z) to a 1 accuracy of (17 b)%, using galaxies drawn from a single narrow redshift slice centered at z = 1. Hereb is the linear bias, andf is the logarithmic rate of change of the linear growth rate with respect to the scale factor. Extending to measurements of w( ) for a series of bins of width 0:02(1 + z) over 0:5 < z < 1:4 will measure to a 1 accuracy of 25%, given the model f = m(z) , and assuming a linear bias model that evolves such thatb = 0:5 +z (and fixing other cosmological parameters). The accuracy of our analytic predictions is confirmed using mock catalogs drawn from simulations conducted by the MICE collaboration.
Multicultural Managerial Competence: Understanding the Potential Contribution of Cultural Mediators

Competence in managing a multicultural workforce is a necessity for managers engaging in international expansion. Beyond expanding their linguistics skills, managers are expected to display cultural sensitivity, cultural intelligence, and master multicultural competencies. However, there is evidence that managers can also benefit from the use of cultural mediators, namely people who possess the requisite cultural knowledge and skills. Combining results from behavioural event interviews with 20 international managers, along with an extensive literature review on cultural liaisons and host country nationals (HCNs), this article seeks outline a comprehensive typology of competencies and behavioral practices that warrant the use of cultural mediators as they relate to 1) trusting relationships management, 2) business management, 3) team management, and 4) distance management. Ultimately, we aim to show that cultural mediators’ contribution could prove an essential complement to those engaging in international expansion.
Supportive and hindering factors to a sustainable implementation of ICT in schools

This study utilizes a school improvement and school development perspective to identify supporting and hindering factors contributing to long-term and sustainable ICT implementation in schools and classrooms. The nature and impact of these factors are examined in six schools in Germany. These six schools were drawn from the German follow-up study (2006–2007) of the IEA Second Information Technology in Education Study, Module 2 (SITES M2, 1999–2002) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). This qualitative and quantitative follow-up study was conducted fi ve years after SITES M2. An instrument to measure the sustainability of ICT implementation was developed and charted for the six schools over the 5-year period. At the same time, the supportive factors and obstacles of ICT integration were determined on the school basis to combine both the degree of success in implementing ICT sustainably and the specifi c factors in each school. The study concludes by outlining the most important factors on different school levels, which are necessary for long-term and sustainable ICT implementation in the sampled schools and classrooms. Above all, the success in implementing digital media sustainably appeared to be associated with the way that schools use their radius of operation on the process level, especially how principals perform as school leaders and how ICT use meets the pedagogical aims of the schools.
Major forearc subsidence and deep-marine Miocene sedimentation in the present Coastal Cordillera and Longitudinal Depression of south-central Chile (38°30'S-41°45'S)

Neogene marine strata crop out in the present Coastal Cordillera and Longitudinal Depression of south-central Chile between 38°30′S and 41°45′S, indicating the onset of a major marine transgression that covered most of the forearc in this area. In order to determine the sedimentary environment, paleobathymetry, and age of these deposits, we carried out integrated sedimentologic, ichnologic, and micropaleontologic studies on samples from oil wells and outcrops in the region. Our results indicate that these successions were deposited at lower-bathyal depths (>2000 m) during the middle to late Miocene. Shallow-marine deposition followed in the southwestern part of the study area during the Pliocene(? ). We attribute deep-marine sedimentation in this area to a major event of subsidence in the Miocene that affected the entire forearc and that was caused by basal subduction erosion. We suggest that the anomalously thin crust that characterizes this area may have facilitated forearc subsidence and allowed the Miocene transgression to advance much farther inland here than in other regions of Chile. Subsequent uplift of the forearc is ascribed to basal accretion or underplating of sediments. Our conclusions contradict previous studies that favor a stable margin at these latitudes since the Jurassic. Deep-marine sedimentation in this area during the Miocene implies that the present Coastal Cordillera and Longitudinal Depression were probably submerged during that epoch.
Molecular marker analysis to differentiate a clonal selection of Centennial Seedless grapevine

Microsatellite and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to differentiate Manjari Naveen, a clonal selection of Centennial Seedless variety of grape. Twenty one (21) microsatellite primers could not detect variation between parent variety and its clone. AFLP analysis with 40 primer combinations generated 1093 markers. Three AFLP markers were polymorphic; two markers were present only in Centennial Seedless, whereas one was present only in Manjari Naveen. These markers will be useful for establishing genetic identity, variety registration and protection of breeder’s right. Keywords : Vitis vinifera , AFLP, microsatellites, clonal selection African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(14), pp. 1594-1597
Trends in storminess over the Netherlands, 1962–2002

Trends in the annual number of independent wind events over the Netherlands are studied for the period 1962–2002. The events are selected out of 13 hourly 10 m wind speed records that are part of a high quality dataset of near‐surface wind observations at Dutch meteorological stations. Comparisons are made with trends in independent wind events selected from geostrophic wind speed records and reanalysis data.
The Efficacy of Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Background and Objectives: Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is an abnormal overgrowth of endometrium that may lead to endometrial cancer, especially when accompanied by atypia. The treatment of EH is challenging, and previous studies report conflicting results. Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is an anti-diabetic and insulin sensitizer agent, which is supposed to have antiproliferative and anticancer effects and the potential to decrease cell growth in endometrium. While some studies have evaluated the anticancer effect of metformin, studies on its potential effect on endometrial hyperplasia are rare. To address this gap, in this comparative trial study, we evaluate the effect of additive metformin to progesterone in patients with EH. Methods: In this clinical trial, 64 women with EH were randomized in two groups. The progesterone-alone group received progesterone 20 mg daily (14 days/month, from the 14th menstrual day) based on the type of hyperplasia, and the progesterone-metformin group received metformin 1000 mg/day for 3 months in addition to progesterone. Duration of bleeding, hyperplasia, body mass index (BMI), and blood sugar (BS) of the patients were then compared between the two groups. Findings: NA mean age of 44.5 years, mean BMI of 29 kg/m2 and mean duration of bleeding of 8 days were calculated for the study sample. There was no significant difference in age, BMI, gravidity, bleeding duration, and duration of disease at baseline between the two groups. While all patients in the progesterone-metformin group showed bleeding and hyperplasia improvement, only 69% of the progesterone-alone patients showed such an improvement, with the difference between the two groups being significant (P = 0.001). Although the difference between two groups in the post treatment endometrial thickness was not significant (P = 0.55), post treatment BMI in the progesterone-metformin group was significantly lower than in the progesterone-alone group (P = 0.01). In addition, the BS reduction in the progesterone-metformin group was significantly larger than that in the progesterone-alone group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicated that administration of progesterone 20 mg/day plus metformin 1000 mg/day can significantly decrease bleeding duration, hyperplasia, BMI and BS in women with EH.
Bacterial community structures in the Arctic Ocean: the effect of increased carbon load on nutrient competition and bacterial diversity

The Arctic Ocean is a unique marine environment with respect to irradiation periodicity and intensity, temperature, ice formation and strong stratification. Changes due to global warming might be more pronounced in this system compared to other oceans, as the melting of both sea ice and permafrost will accompany high nutrient input to the Arctic Ocean simultaneous with increasing light penetration of the water column. Microbial communities play an important role in carbon cycling in the ocean, as they constitute both the main primary producers (phytoplankton) and the main consumers of dissolved organic carbon (heterotrophic bacteria) which make dissolved organic carbon available for higher trophic levels. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) might also have a positive effect on the production of dissolved organic carbon in the oceans. This may in particular impact heterotrophic bacteria and, thereby, the trophic state of the ocean. In this thesis, in situ investigations of the microbial community and the trophic state of a representative Arctic marine system are presented (Paper I) as well as nutrient manipulation experiments performed in mesocosms in the Arctic (Papers II, III and IV) and in the laboratory (Paper V). In the in situ study performed in Fram Strait (Paper I), the microbial community demonstrated net-autotrophy although the microbial biomass was dominated by heterotrophs. In three nutrient manipulation experiments we studied the effects of (i) increased organic carbon load on mineral nutrient competition between bacteria and phytoplankton (Paper II), (ii) increased organic carbon load on the bacterial community structure (Paper III), (iii) increased partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) on