Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Media Manipulations and the Culture of Beneficial Fungal Root Endophytes

Fungal endophytes have great potential as biocontrol and biofertilisation agents for food crops, and it is important to understand and optimise the cultural conditions for endophyte emergence and growth. A range of commercial culture media were tested for their effect on endophyte recovery from the roots of their host (Hordeum murinum), and for their subsequent growth and sporulation. Furthermore, a medium composed of sterile or filtered whole plant extract (WPE) was tested at various dilutions both alone and in combination with one of the commercial media. It was found that there were significant differences between the media in endophyte recovery, endophyte mycelial growth and time to sporulation. A significantly greater number of different endophytes were recovered from roots on the malt extract plus WPE medium than any of the other media tested here. Sabouraud medium gave the greatest mean radial growth of endophyte fungal mycelia after 35 days. The cultures growing on the WPE media took over five times longer to sporulate than all other media. Results indicate that different media are suitable either for the initial recovery and isolation of fungal root endophytes or for increasing fungal biomass and inducing earlier sporulation. The experimental endophytes used here have previously been shown to have biocontrol and biofertilisation benefits for barley cultivars, so our findings have important implications for the development and commercialisation of endophyte inocula.
SOCIAL DYNAMICS ON THE NORTHERN FRONTIER OF ROMAN BRITAIN

Summary. Despite much work on the frontier of Roman Britain, major questions concerned with society and settlement archaeology remain underinvestigated. Salient details of two major urban sites, Carlisle and Corbridge, both of which may shed further light on processes of settlement growth and decline, and which may ultimately contribute to a greater understanding of how the frontier worked, are summarized. At Carlisle, and probably also at Corbridge, settlement growth associated with forts was rapid and multi-tracked, but from the later second century AD changes took place associated, perhaps, with enhanced status and a growing sense of community.
Movement and Body-Image: A Preliminary Study

Many researchers have suggested thar schizophrenics have distorted or inadequate body-images ( 1) . Ir has also been suggested ( 3 ) that movement and creative expression influence self-awareness and self-concept. A preliminary study was conducted to determine whether movement affects the body-image of chronic schizophrenics. This study examined body-image among schizophrenics, as measured by human figure drawings ( 2 ) , which were produced before and after movement exercises. W e predicted that movement would have a positive impact on the body-images of a group of nine chronic schizophrenics attending a day center program. Four participants were women and five were men, ranging in age from 22 yr. to 55 yr. (IM = 35.4, SD = 10.3). In a group setting, each individual was given a No. 2 pencil and an 8%-in X 11-in. sheet of white paper. Participants were asked to "Draw a person, a human figure. Draw the whole person. " On completion of the first drawing, the group was led through a series of exercises focusing on various parts of the body, e.g., feet, legs, waist, arms, hands, neck, head. These lasted for 20 min. The exercises were followed by relaxation exercises utilizing the same body parts for 10 min. Participants were led through these exercises once each week for 10 wk. A second draw-a-person test was administered on the 11th week immediately following the movement. Identical instructions were given for the second test. The drawings were scored according to the Goodenough-Harris ( 2 ) revised scale of 73 points for the drawing of a man and 71 for the drawing of a woman. Independent raters scored each tesc. Inter-rater agreement was very high ( r = 9 6 , p < .005) and similar to those noted by Harris ( 2 ) . A t test for correlated data indicated that the post-movement draw-a-person scores ( M = 29.33, SD = 10.12) were significantly ( t s = 2.13, p < .05) greater than premovement scores ( M = 23.56, SD = 8.29), which supported the hypothesis. Since post-movement scores were significantly higher than pre-movement scores, this preliminary study suggests that movement affects body-image. Additional research with larger samples and control groups is needed.
Comparing and Contrasting A Priori and A Posteriori Generalizability Assessment of Clinical Trials on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Clinical trials are indispensable tools for evidence-based medicine. However, they are often criticized for poor generalizability. Traditional trial generalizability assessment can only be done after the trial results are published, which compares the enrolled patients with a convenience sample of real-world patients. However, the proliferation of electronic data in clinical trial registries and clinical data warehouses offer a great opportunity to assess the generalizability during the design phase of a new trial. In this work, we compared and contrasted a priori (based on eligibility criteria) and a posteriori (based on enrolled patients) generalizability of Type 2 diabetes clinical trials. Further, we showed that comparing the study population selected by the clinical trial eligibility criteria to the real-world patient population is a good indicator of the generalizability of trials. Our findings demonstrate that the a priori generalizability of a trial is comparable to its a posteriori generalizability in identifying restrictive quantitative eligibility criteria.
The MIT Domain of UBPY Constitutes a CHMP Binding and Endosomal Localization Signal Required for Efficient Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Degradation*

We have identified and characterized a Microtubule Interacting and Transport (MIT) domain at the N terminus of the deubiquitinating enzyme UBPY/USP8. In common with other MIT-containing proteins such as AMSH and VPS4, UBPY can interact with CHMP proteins, which are known to regulate endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated receptors. Comparison of binding preferences for the 11 members of the human CHMP family between the UBPY MIT domain and another ubiquitin isopeptidase, AMSH, reveals common interactions with CHMP1A and CHMP1B but a distinct selectivity of AMSH for CHMP3/VPS24, a core subunit of the ESCRT-III complex, and UBPY for CHMP7. We also show that in common with AMSH, UBPY deubiquitinating enzyme activity can be stimulated by STAM but is unresponsive to its cognate CHMPs. The UBPY MIT domain is dispensable for its catalytic activity but is essential for its localization to endosomes. This is functionally significant as an MIT-deleted UBPY mutant is unable to rescue its binding partner STAM from proteasomal degradation or reverse a block to epidermal growth factor receptor degradation imposed by small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of UBPY.
Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Psychological Distress Symptoms on New-Onset Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in World Trade Center Responders

Objectives Research on the health of workers involved in the cleanup after the attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001, has documented high rates of psychological distress and upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The current article examines the concurrent and longitudinal associations of psychological distress with development of new-onset upper GI symptoms in a large sample of WTC responders. Methods A cohort of 10,953 WTC responders monitored by the WTC Health Program participated in the study. Two occupational groups were examined, police and nontraditional responders. The cohort was free of upper GI symptoms or diagnoses at their first visit (3 years after September 11, 2001). Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between concurrent and preceding psychological distress symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, panic, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder with the development of new-onset upper GI symptoms at 3-year follow-up (6 years after September 11, 2001). Results Across both occupation groups, psychological distress symptoms at Visit 1 were significantly related to the development of GI symptoms by Visit 2 (odd ratios ranging from 1.9 to 5.4). The results for the concurrent relationships were similar. In addition, there were significant dose-response relationships between the number of co-occurring psychological distress symptoms at Visits 1 and 2, and increased new-onset upper GI symptoms at Visit 2. Conclusions In this large sample of WTC responders, psychological distress symptoms assessed at 3 years after 9/11 are related to reporting upper GI symptoms 6 years after 9/11.
Linkages between the US and European Stock Markets: A Fractional Cointegration Approach

This paper analyses the long-memory properties of US and European stock indices, as well as their linkages, using fractional integration and fractional cointegration techniques. These methods are more general and have higher power than the standard ones usually employed in the literature. The empirical evidence based on them suggests the presence of unit roots in both the SP subsequently, the US and European stock markets diverged and followed different recovery paths, possibly as a result of various factors such as diverging growth and monetary policy. Establishing whether the degree of cointegration has changed over time is important since past literature has shown that diversification benefits arise when markets are not cointegrated.
Interpolation Algorithms for Discrete Fourier Transforms of Weighted Signals

A new scheme is presented for the determination of the parameters that characterize a multifrequency signal. The essential innovation is that the signal is weighted before the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is calculated from which the frequencies and complex amplitudes of the various components of the signal are obtained by interpolation. It is shown that by using the Hanning window for tapering substantial improvements are achieved in the following respects: i) more accurate results are obtained for interpolated frequencies, etc., ii) harmonic interference is much less troublesome even if many tones with comparable strengths are present in the spectrum, iii) nonperiodic signals can be handled without an a priori knowledge of the tone frequencies. The stability of the new method with respect to noise and arithmetic roundoff errors is carefully examined.
Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (IAAA): Past and Present

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine whether presentation and outcomes of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (IAAA) have changed over the last five decades. Methods: Comparison of current outcomes (January 2001 to December 2007) with results of the earliest report from our unit in 1972. Results: In contemporary series, 421 patients underwent AAA repair; 38 (9%) were IAAA. In 58% patients, IAAA was an incidental finding, whereas 42% patients were symptomatic with abdominal or back pain. Of those, 32% were ruptured IAAA. Male-to-female ratio was 12:1. Thirty-day mortality was 13%; elective 11.5%; emergency 17%. Comparison with 1972 study showed no change in the incidence and gender predilection. Presentation as an incidental finding and rupture increased 4- and 2-folds, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence and gender predilection of IAAA have remained unchanged. The 4-fold increase in the presentation as an incidental finding reflects current trends in patient evaluation.
Design and test of a continuous reactor for palm oil transesterification

Leevijit, T. , Wisutmethangoon, W. , Prateepchaikul, G. , Tongurai, C. , Allen, M. was required. The reaction modeling based on a homogeneous concentration field with reaction kinetics could accurately predict the produced purities of ME. The production yields by weight of final product and of ME to the fed oil were 94.7 and 92.3%, respectively. The developed continuous reactor has good potential for producing ME to be used as biodiesel.
Functional Lateralization of the Human Premotor Cortex during Sequential Movements

A neurological truism is that each side of the brain controls movements on the opposite side of the body. Yet some left hemisphere brain lesions cause bilateral impairment of complex motor function and/or ideomotor apraxia. We report that the left dorsal premotor cortex of normal right-handed people plays a fundamental role in sequential movement of both right and left hands. Subjects performed sequential finger movements during functional magnetic resonance imaging of the motor cortices. In right-handed subjects, the volume of activated dorsal premotor cortex showed a left hemispheric predominance during hand movements. We suggest that the observed left premotor dominance contributes to the lateralization found in lesion studies.
The yeast kinesin-5 Cin8 interacts with the microtubule in a noncanonical manner

Kinesin motors play central roles in establishing and maintaining the mitotic spindle during cell division. Unlike most other kinesins, Cin8, a kinesin-5 motor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can move bidirectionally along microtubules, switching directionality according to biochemical conditions, a behavior that remains largely unexplained. To this end, we used biochemical rate and equilibrium constant measurements as well as cryo-electron microscopy methodologies to investigate the microtubule interactions of the Cin8 motor domain. These experiments unexpectedly revealed that, whereas Cin8 ATPase kinetics fell within measured ranges for kinesins (especially kinesin-5 proteins), approximately four motors can bind each αβ-tubulin dimer within the microtubule lattice. This result contrasted with those observations on other known kinesins, which can bind only a single “canonical” site per tubulin dimer. Competition assays with human kinesin-5 (Eg5) only partially abrogated this behavior, indicating that Cin8 binds microtubules not only at the canonical site, but also one or more separate (“noncanonical”) sites. Moreover, we found that deleting the large, class-specific insert in the microtubule-binding loop 8 reverts Cin8 to one motor per αβ-tubulin in the microtubule. The novel microtubule-binding mode of Cin8 identified here provides a potential explanation for Cin8 clustering along microtubules and potentially may contribute to the mechanism for direction reversal.
Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Is Phosphorylated at Multiple Sites Clustered in Two Separate Regions

The phosphorylation sites of simian virus 40 large T antigen were determined within the primary structure of the molecule. Exhaustive digestion of 32P-labeled large T antigen with trypsin generated six major phosphopeptides which could be separated in a newly developed isobutyric acid-containing chromatography system. By partial tryptic digestion, large T antigen was cleaved into an amino-terminal fragment of 17,000 daltons and overlapping fragments from the carboxy-terminal region ranging in size between 71,000 and 13,000 daltons. The location of the phosphopeptides was then determined by fingerprint analyses of individual fragments. Their physical properties were analyzed by sizing on polyacrylamide gels and by sequential digestion and peptide mapping; their amino acid composition was determined by differential labeling with various amino acids. The amino-terminal 17,000-dalton fragment gave rise to only one phosphopeptide (phosphopeptide 3) that contained half of the phosphate label incorporated into large T antigen. It contained phosphoserine and phosphothreonine sites, all of which were clustered within a small segment between Cys105 and Lys127. This segment contained five serines and two threonines. Among these, Ser106, Ser123, and Thr124 were identified as phosphorylated residues; in addition, either one or both of Ser111 and Ser112 were phosphorylated. The neighboring residues, Ser123 and Thr124, were found in three different phosphorylation states in that either Ser123 or Thr124 or both were phosphorylated. Phosphopeptides 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 were all derived from a single fragment extending 26,000 daltons upstream from the carboxy terminus of large T antigen. Phosphopeptide 6 was identical with the previously determined phosphothreonine peptide phosphorylated at Thr701. Phosphopeptides 1, 2, 4, and 5 contained only serine-bound phosphate. Phosphopeptides 1, 2, and 4 represented overlapping peptides, all of which were phosphorylated at Ser639 located next to a cluster of six acidic residues. In phosphopeptide 5, a large peptide ranging from Asn653 to Arg691, at least two of seven serines were phosphorylated. Thus, large T antigen contains at least eight phosphorylation sites. Their clustering within two separate regions might correlate with structural and functional domains of this protein.
A theoretical Framework about Leadership perspectives and Leadership styles in the Didactic Room

This paper presents leadership perspectives and leadership styles in the didactic room. The paper problematizes and develops new knowledge concerning the complex and often paradoxical circumstances that characterize teachers‘ leadership. The aim is to develop new knowledge about teachers‘ leadership perspectives and styles in the didactic room. Our literature review demonstrates a lack of an explicit and unifying concept that encompasses teachers‘ various perspectives and behavioral styles in the didactic room. The meaning of the concept ―perspective‖ precedes the implementation of an individual style of leadership by promoting alternative overviews that the teacher can use, depending on the context, situated activity/task, and student. Any style of leadership will then refer to a specific social behavior. Our result shows that using conscious didactic action skills, teachers can act more effectively and qualitatively better approach new and unpredictable problem situations.
Cotrimoxazole resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and commensal streptococci from Kampala, Uganda

Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole, CTX) is used frequently as part of standard medical care for people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa. The mechanisms of resistance to sulfonamides and trimethoprim in commensal streptococci from Uganda were determined and compared to S. pneumoniae. Commensal streptococci showing high-level resistance to cotrimoxazole were cultured and analysed for species identity and polymorphisms in the genes coding for dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Seven isolates of S. pneumoniae from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were similarly examined. There was considerable polymorphism in both DHPS and DHFR. In DHFR, the mutations E20D and I100L were present in all sequenced isolates. Other mutations such as L135F, and different substitutions in D92, were frequent. The most common DHPS variants had 2 serine residues added after amino acid 60, or arginine and proline added after amino acid 59. In addition, 3 new insertions/substitutions were found. There were no obvious differences between the mutation patterns in S. pneumoniae and commensal streptococci, suggesting that the chromosomal mutations have been spread by transformational interchanges of DNA among related organisms.
Membrane depolarization increases ryanodine sensitivity to Ca2+ release to the cytosol in L6 skeletal muscle cells: Implications for excitation–contraction coupling

The dihydropyridine receptor in the plasma membrane and the ryanodine receptor in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are known to physically interact in the process of excitation–contraction coupling. However, the mechanism for subsequent Ca2+ release through the ryanodine receptor is unknown. Our lab has previously presented evidence that the dihydropyridine receptor and ryanodine receptor combine as a channel for the entry of Ca2+ under resting conditions, known as store operated calcium entry. Here, we provide evidence that depolarization during excitation–contraction coupling causes the dihydropyridine receptor to disengage from the ryanodine receptor. The newly freed ryanodine receptor can then transport Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Experimentally, this should more greatly expose the ryanodine receptor to exogenous ryanodine. To examine this hypothesis, we titrated L6 skeletal muscle cells with ryanodine in resting and excited (depolarized) states. When L6 muscle cells were depolarized with high potassium or exposed to the dihydropyridine receptor agonist BAYK-8644, known to induce dihydropyridine receptor movement within the membrane, ryanodine sensitivity was enhanced. However, ryanodine sensitivity was unaffected when Ca2+ was elevated without depolarization by the ryanodine receptor agonist chloromethylcresol, or by increasing Ca2+ concentration in the media. Ca2+ entry currents (from the extracellular space) during excitation were strongly inhibited by ryanodine, but Ca2+ entry currents in the resting state were not. We conclude that excitation releases the ryanodine receptor from occlusion by the dihydropyridine receptor, enabling Ca2+ release from the ryanodine receptor to the cytosol.
A reliable and energy efficient routing protocol in industrial wireless sensor networks

This paper proposes a reliable an energy efficient routing protocol for transmitting periodic packets on industrial wireless sensor networks. For reliable transmission of periodic packets, the proposed protocol chooses the path has highest end-to-end packet reception rate (e2e_PRR) to transmit data packets. Also, a mechanism is used to reduce the number of control packets. The simulation result has shown that the proposed protocol has a better performance in terms of reliability and control packet overhead than the previous routing protocols.
Singing Voice Separation with Deep U-Net Convolutional Networks

The decomposition of a music audio signal into its vocal and backing track components is analogous to image-to-image translation, where a mixed spectrogram is transformed into its constituent sources. We propose a novel application of the U-Net architecture — initially developed for medical imaging — for the task of source separation, given its proven capacity for recreating the fine, low-level detail required for high-quality audio reproduction. Through both quantitative evaluation and subjective assessment, experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Security Analysis of Software Defined Networking Architectures: PCE, 4D and SANE

Today's data networks are steadily growing in size and complexity. Especially in enterprise networks, these development lead to the requirement of a central network administration. With Software Defined Networking (SDN), this requirement can be fulfilled. However, new security considerations such as the protection of the central component must be taken into account. Motivated by the new security requirements that security should play a key role in SDN architectures. This paper chooses some architectures, namely, the Path Computation Element (PCE), 4D, and the Secure Architecture for the Networked Enterprise (SANE). These architectures are analyzed with respect to its security capabilities using Microsoft's threat modeling technique, STRIDE. The analysis shows that architectures such as PCE and 4D are vulnerable to tampering and information disclosure as well as Denial of Service attacks. The detected threats can be mitigated by using standard technologies such as TLS and IPsec for securing the communication between interactors.