Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral oxygenation in patients after severe head injury: monitoring and effects of arterial hyperoxia on cerebral blood flow, metabolism and intracranial pressure.

Early impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) after severe head injury (SHI) leads to poor brain tissue oxygen delivery and lactate accumulation. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the relationship between CBF, local dialysate lactate (lact(md)) and dialysate glucose (gluc(md)), and brain tissue oxygen levels (PtiO2) under arterial normoxia. The effect of increased brain tissue oxygenation due to high fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2) on lact(md) and CBF was explored. A total of 47 patients with SHI were enrolled in this studies (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] < 8). CBF was first assessed in 40 patients at one time point in the first 96 hours (27 +/- 28 hours) after SHI using stable xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) (30% inspired xenon [FiXe] and 35% FiO2). In a second study, sequential double CBF measurements were performed in 7 patients with 35% FiO2 and 60% FiO2, respectively, with an interval of 30 minutes. In a subsequent study, 14 patients underwent normobaric hyperoxia by increasing FiO2 from 35 +/- 5% to 60% and then 100% over a period of 6 hours. This was done to test the effect of normobaric hyperoxia on lact(md) and brain gluc(md), as measured by local microdialysis. Changes in PtiO2 in response to changes in FiO2 were analyzed by calculating the oxygen reactivity. Oxygen reactivity was then related to the 3-month outcome data. The levels of lact(md) and gluc(md) under hyperoxia were compared with the baseline levels, measured at 35% FiO2. Under normoxic conditions, there was a significant correlation between CBF and PtiO2 (R = 0.7; P < .001). In the sequential double CBF study, however, FiO2 was inversely correlated with CBF (P < .05). In the 14 patients undergoing the 6-hour 100% FiO2 challenge, the mean PtiO2 levels increased to 353 (87% compared with baseline), although the mean lact(md) levels decreased by 38 +/- 16% (P < .05). The PtiO2 response to 100% FiO2 (oxygen reactivity) was inversely correlated with outcome (P < .01). Monitoring PtiO2 after SHI provides valuable information about cerebral oxygenation and substrate delivery. Increasing arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) effectively increased PtiO2, and brain lact(md) was reduced by the same maneuver.
Cutaneous tuberculosis: a twenty-year prospective study.

SETTING A tertiary care hospital in northern India. OBJECTIVE To study the patterns of clinical presentation of cutaneous tuberculosis, to correlate them with Mantoux reactivity and BCG vaccination status, and to suggest a clinical classification based on these factors. DESIGN Analysis of the records of patients with cutaneous tuberculosis who attended the hospital between 1975 and 1995. RESULTS A total of 0.1% of dermatology patients had cutaneous tuberculosis. Lupus vulgaris was the commonest form, seen in 154 (55%) of these patients, followed by scrofuloderma in 75 (26.8%), tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in 17 (6%), tuberculous gumma(s) in 15 (5.4%) and tuberculids in 19 (6.8%). No correlation was found between Mantoux reactivity and the extent of disease (localised disease 63.6%, disseminated disease 67.9%). The presence of regional lymphadenopathy was an indication of dissemination of the disease (localised disease 34.7%, disseminated disease 71.7%). Dissemination of the disease was observed in the whole of the spectrum of cutaneous tuberculosis (22.1%), but was seen more often in the presence of gumma and scrofuloderma. There were more unvaccinated individuals in the group with disseminated disease (80.3%) than in those with localised disease (65.5%). CONCLUSIONS Lupus vulgaris was the most common clinical presentation, followed by scrofuloderma, tuberculids, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis and tuberculous gumma. Some patients presented more than one clinical form of the disease. Classification of cutaneous tuberculosis needs to be modified to include smear-positive and smear-negative scrofuloderma apart from the inclusion of disseminated disease. The presence of regional lymphadenopathy serves as a clinical indicator of disseminated disease. Patients with disseminated disease were less likely to have been BCG-vaccinated than those with localised disease.
Extending the Multiregional Input‐Output Framework to Labor‐Related Impacts: A Proof of Concept

Given the high potential shown by the recent developments in environmentally extended and multiregional input‐output (I‐O) analysis, a natural step would be to extend this theoretical framework beyond the environmental dimension to include the social dimension, in line with parallel advancements in social life cycle assessment. The ideal results would be a multiregional I‐O database to investigate not only environmental footprints, but also social footprints. Qualitative and subjective characteristics of social issues, complex impact pathways, and data scarcity challenge the extension of the I‐O framework to social impacts. These challenges are addressed in this study where the Exiobase database was extended with new data on five quantitative indicators available from the International Labor Organization: employment; working hours; salary; occupational accident cases; and unemployment. This required modeling steps, such as the disaggregation of data from sector to product group level, and filling the data gaps for missing countries by primary data collection or interpolation. A characterization step where indicator values are converted into social impacts on human productivity and human well‐being measured in quality‐adjusted life years was then performed. The results show an appreciable match between the databases, with justifiable interpolations for missing countries. The study demonstrates how to obtain an open and quantitative I‐O database extended with indicators on labor‐related impacts and discusses approaches to overcome the challenges of this process.
Carotid artery stiffness in patients with end-stage renal disease: no effect of long-term homocysteine-lowering therapy.

BACKGROUND The excess of cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is unexplained, but could relate to altered intrinsic vascular wall properties, such as increased arterial stiffness, which could be mediated by hyperhomocysteinemia. We investigated potential determinants of carotid artery stiffness in ESRD patients and the effect of long-term homocysteine-lowering treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-four patients on maintenance dialysis treatment were studied at baseline. Fourty-one patients completed the treatment protocol, which consisted of a 12-week treatment with folic acid 5 mg daily with or without betaine 4 g per day, and of 1 or 5 mg of folic acid thereafter for 40 weeks. Both phases were randomized. Compliance and distensibility coefficients (CC and DC) and the stiffness index (beta) of the common carotid artery were determined at baseline and after 52 weeks of treatment using a non-invasive vessel wall movement detector system. RESULTS At baseline, plasma total homocysteine was elevated (44.1+/-33.7 micromol/l), but showed no relationship with CC, DC or beta. Age and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were the only independent determinants of CC and DC, whereas beta was associated with age only. Plasma homocysteine showed a sustained decrease after therapy (20.7+/-9.0 micromol/l at week 52). No significant changes occurred in CC (from 0.59+/-0.21 to 0.60+/-0.22 mm2/kPa; p = 0.47), in DC (from 14.9+/-6.1 to 15.3+/-6.2 10(-3)/kPa; p = 0.55), or in beta (from 10.9+/-4.7 to 11.2+/-4.4; p = 0.64). No independent determinants were detected for the change in CC, whereas the change in DC was inversely related to the change in MAP (stand. r = -0.58; p<0.0002). The decrease in MAP after therapy was significant (p = 0.003) and was related to the dialysis mode (p = 0.003) and smoking status (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Folic acid treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia has no major effect on carotid artery stiffness in chronic dialysis patients. The results do, however, emphasize the importance of tight blood pressure control in these patients.
Still pounding on the glass ceiling: A study of female leaders in hospitality, travel, and tourism management

ABSTRACT Today, U.S. females represent the majority in both the hospitality and tourism management classroom and the work environment. However, the proverbial “glass ceiling” continues to exist, and evidence of career advancement obstacles remain salient in the hospitality, travel, and tourism management workplace. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of successful female industry leaders in the hospitality, travel, and tourism industry, as well as their perceptions as to how they were able to overcome gender barriers and disparities. Findings offer participant reported “top issues” facing female leaders in the workplace, as well as strategies for overcoming these issues.
Synthesis of 1‐Naphthol by a Natural Peroxygenase Engineered by Directed Evolution

There is an increasing interest in enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of naphthalene under mild conditions and with minimal requirements. To address this challenge, an extracellular fungal aromatic peroxygenase with mono(per)oxygenase activity was engineered to convert naphthalene selectively into 1‐naphthol. Mutant libraries constructed by random mutagenesis and DNA recombination were screened for peroxygenase activity on naphthalene together with quenching of the undesired peroxidative activity on 1‐naphthol (one‐electron oxidation). The resulting double mutant (G241D‐R257K) obtained from this process was characterized biochemically and computationally. The conformational changes produced by directed evolution improved the substrate's catalytic position. Powered exclusively by catalytic concentrations of H2O2, this soluble and stable biocatalyst has a total turnover number of 50 000, with high regioselectivity (97 %) and reduced peroxidative activity.
O-GlcNAcylation of Cofilin Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Invasion*

Background: O-GlcNAcylation plays important roles in breast cancer metastasis, but the underlying mechanism is not fully known. Results: Cofilin is O-GlcNAcylated at Ser-108, which is required for its proper localization in invadopodia and is implicated in promoting breast cancer cell invasion. Conclusion: O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in fine-tuning the regulation of cofilin. Significance: These findings reveal the implications of aberrant cofilin O-GlcNAcylation in cancer metastasis. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that regulates a broad range of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and is emerging as a key regulator of various biological processes. Previous studies have shown that increased levels of global O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are linked to the incidence of metastasis in breast cancer patients, but the molecular basis behind this is not fully known. In this study, we have determined that the actin-binding protein cofilin is O-GlcNAcylated by OGT and mainly, if not completely, mediates OGT modulation of cell mobility. O-GlcNAcylation at Ser-108 of cofilin is required for its proper localization in invadopodia at the leading edge of breast cancer cells during three-dimensional cell invasion. Loss of O-GlcNAcylation of cofilin leads to destabilization of invadopodia and impairs cell invasion, although the actin-severing activity or lamellipodial localization is not affected. Our study provides insights into the mechanism of post-translational modification in fine-tuning the regulation of cofilin activity and suggests its important implications in cancer metastasis.
Matthew effect, capabilities and innovation policy: the Argentinean case

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to test the presence of Matthew effects in different types of public funding for innovation – non-refundable grants, subsidized loans and tax credits. According to the literature, Matthew effect refers to the impact of past accessing to public funds on reputation, which increases the probability of accessing in the present. The dataset is made of 966 firms that accessed the Technological Argentinean Fund (FONTAR), main instrument to foster innovation in Argentina, during 2007–2013 – 3300 observations. Results confirm the existence of Matthew effects: past accessing to FONTAR increases the probability of accessing in the present, but only when different instruments are taken altogether. Then, Matthew effect is positively associated with the diversification of access to promotional instruments rather than the repeated access to one type of funding tool. Additionally, results show that firm’s innovation investments, R&D activities, and human resources, explain the increase in probability of accessing, which provides evidence regarding the presence of capability effects. All of this suggests that once the firm enters the system of public funding, it remains with an active innovative behaviour, not just because of reputation effects, but because it has accumulated capabilities in the pursuit of a technological advantage.
Capital structure determinants of hospitality sector SMEs

The main objective of this article is to study the capital structure determinants of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the hospitality sector and how this can influence their level of indebtedness. Using panel data methodology and considering a sample of 43 Portuguese hotels, the authors study the capital structure determinants between 2004 and 2013. The study examines the indebtedness level in light of the two main theories – the Trade-off theory and the Pecking Order theory. The hospitality sector was chosen because of its importance in the Portuguese economy and because this particular sector has hardly been studied. In addition to total indebtedness, the authors extend the literature by analysing the differences between short-term and long-term indebtedness. The results obtained suggest that profitability, assets tangibility, firm dimension, total liquidity and risk are key factors affecting the capital structure of hospitality sector SMEs, while growth, other tax benefits and age were not deemed relevant. These results allow us to conclude that Trade-off and Pecking Order theories should not be considered in isolation to explain the capital structure of hospitality sector SMEs.
Early bone healing around different implant bulk designs and surgical techniques: A study in dogs.

PURPOSE To evaluate the bone healing response to different implant root shape designs in a dog model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three by eight millimeter screw-type short-pitch (SP) and large-pitch (LP) implants (Intra-Lock International, Boca Raton, FL, USA), and 4.5 x 6 mm plateau (P) implants (Bicon LLC, Boston, MA, USA) were placed along the proximal tibia of six dogs for 2 and 4 weeks. The combination of implant design and final osteotomy drilling resulted in healing chambers for the LP and P implants. The implants were nondecalcified processed to plates of approximately 30-microm thickness and were evaluated by optical microscopy for healing patterns and bone-to-implant contact (BIC). One-way analysis of variance at 95% level of significance and Tukey's test were utilized for multiple comparisons among the groups' BIC. RESULTS Microscopy showed a approximately 150-microm region of newly deposited bone along the whole perimeter of SP implants, near the edge of the LP implant threads, and plateau tips for P implants. Rapid woven bone formation and filling was observed in regions where surgery and implant design resulted in healing chambers. No significant differences in BIC were observed (p > .75). CONCLUSIONS Different implant design/surgical protocol resulted in varied bone healing patterns. However, the BIC and bone morphology evolution between implant designs were comparable. Regardless of the combination between implant design and final osteotomy drilling, bone morphology evolution from 2 to 4 weeks was comparable.
Rumor source detection under querying with untruthful answers

Social networks are the major routes for most individuals to exchange their opinions about new products, social trends and political issues via their interactions. It is often of significant importance to figure out who initially diffuses the information, i.e., finding a rumor source or a trend setter. It is known that such a task is highly challenging and the source detection probability cannot be beyond 31% for regular trees, if we just estimate the source from a given diffusion snapshot. In practice, finding the source often entails the process of querying that asks “Are you the rumor source? ” or “Who tells you the rumor? ” that would increase the chance of detecting the source. In this paper, we consider two kinds of querying: (a) simple batch querying and (b) interactive querying with direction under the assumption that queriees can be untruthful with some probability. We propose estimation algorithms for those queries, and quantify their detection performance and the amount of extra budget due to untruthfulness, analytically showing that querying significantly improves the detection performance. We perform extensive simulations to validate our theoretical findings over synthetic and real-world social network topologies.
Meniscal translocation and deformation throughout the range of motion of the equine stifle joint: an in vitro cadaveric study.

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY By study of the translocation and deformation of equine menisci throughout the range of motion, it may be possible to identify potential mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of injury to the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively document meniscal translocation and deformation using radiographic and MR imaging, and to evaluate for potential variation between the medial and lateral menisci. METHODS Radiographic markers were embedded in the periphery of the menisci in 6 cadaver stifles. Proximal-distal radiographs were taken at 15° intervals ranging from full flexion (30°) to full extension (160°). Magnetic resonance imaging sequences of 3 additional cadaver stifles were obtained in axial and sagittal planes at the predetermined stifle angles. RESULTS A significantly greater overall mean cranial-caudal translocation (1.6 times) of the lateral meniscus relative to the medial was seen from full extension to full flexion (P = 0.002). The cranial horn of the medial meniscus was the least mobile of the 4 horns, yet a significant cranial displacement relative to the cranial horn of the lateral meniscus was seen in the terminal 10° of extension. MRI images revealed a significantly greater axial compressive strain in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus relative to the cranial horn of the lateral meniscus in the terminal 10° of extension (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION The equine menisci exhibit a cranial-caudal translocation over the tibia throughout the range of motion. While the cranial horn of the medial meniscus is the least mobile of the 4 horns, it undergoes significant cranial translocation and axial compression in the terminal 10° of extension. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Hyperextension of the stifle may place the cranial horn of the medial meniscus at risk of injury and thus explain the higher prevalence of meniscal tears at this location.
Histopathological patterns of testicular biopsy in male infertility: A retrospective study from a tertiary care center in the western part of Saudi Arabia

The authors propose that one of the factors causing discrepant results in histopathology is the different biopsy policies among the urologists. This is important and ignored altogether often. For example, the subject study has also not specified the key indications of the testicular biopsies. No correlation has been sought between sperm count and testicular biopsy findings. The authors conclude that the study has shed some light on the etiological factors underlying these pathological patterns, which is not true. Reference 4 is written incorrectly.
Corporate Governance Effects on Firm Performance: a Literature Review

The objective of this paper is to analyze the results of recent empirical research concerning the impact of corporate governance on firm performance and reflect potential research design problems which lead to inconsistent results. By means of a literature review including all articles of academic journal data bases with a journal quality rating of at least a C-rating in the VHB Journal Rating or above ‘3’ in the ABS Academic Journal Rating, respectively, the recent empirical research articles are analyzed regarding their main results. Two main groups of studies are identified: studies on company level to determine the impact of single corporate governance variables such as board size, chairman-CEO duality, etc. on a small set of performance measures, and studies with a larger sample and a longer time period using multivariate analysis to determine the overall impact of corporate governance on companies measured with an extended set of financial research variables measuring multiple dimensions of impact. Overall, the results of recent research show no consistent impact of corporate governance on firm performance. Beside this, a trend to studies with larger samples and longer time periods can be seen. However, also these studies come to inconsistent results. The inconsistencies of empirical research may be grounded in mostly small size of samples and small time periods, and the application of research constructs instead of financial research metrics to measure firm performance. As this is a conceptual paper, the objective is to define a research design based on the findings of this analysis. KEYWORDS: corporate governance, firm performance, corporate performance, business performance. JEL CODES: G32, G34, G38 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.15181/rfds.v20i3. 1346
Derivation and Scaling of AC Copper Loss in Thermal Modeling of Electrical Machines

Accurate prediction of temperature-dependent ac winding loss effects is crucial in the design of electrical machinery. Average ac winding loss as a function of operating frequency is commonly characterized by the ratio of the equivalent ac and dc resistances (Rac/Rdc). However, as the ac and dc components of the winding loss scale differently with temperature, a single value of Rac/Rdc derived for one temperature can be inadequate when used in thermal modeling. In this paper, methods of deriving the Rac/Rdc ratio, together with scaling techniques of the ac winding loss accounting for thermal effects, are discussed. As an alternative to computationally intensive 3-D finite-element analysis, an experimental approach based on tests on full-scale stator assemblies is proposed. A previously proposed scaling technique of the ac winding loss is discussed and developed further. The proposed techniques of deriving the ac winding loss accounting for temperature variation are illustrated using both theoretical analysis and experimental data.
Market‐Based Estimates of Implicit Government Guarantees in European Financial Institutions

I exploit the price differential of credit default swap (CDS) contracts written on debts with different levels of seniority to measure the implicit government guarantees enjoyed by European financial institutions from 2005 to 2013. I determine that the aggregate guarantee increased substantially during the recent financial crises and peaked at an average of 89 bps in 2011. My analysis suggests that the extent of implicit support depends on the type of financial institutions and there exists a eurozone effect. Further investigation of feedback relationship shows that the guarantee implicitly offered by a government positively ‘Granger causes’ the sovereign’s default risk.