Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-phase Near-well Permeability Upscaling and Productivity Index Calculation Methods

Reservoir models with many grid blocks suffer from long run time; it is hence important to deliberate a method to remedy this drawback. Usual upscaling methods are proved to fail to reproduce fine grid model behaviors in coarse grid models in well proximity. This is attributed to rapid pressure changes in the near-well region. Standard permeability upscaling methods are limited to systems with linear pressure changes; therefore, special near-well upscaling approaches based on the well index concept are proposed for these regions with non-linear pressure profile. No general rule is available to calculate the proper well index in different heterogeneity patterns and coarsening levels. In this paper, the available near-well upscaling methods are investigated for homogeneous and heterogeneous permeability models at different coarsening levels. It is observed that the existing well index methods have limited success in reproducing the well flow and pressure behavior of the reference fine grid models as the heterogeneity or coarsening level increases. Coarse-scale well indexes are determined such that fine and coarse scale results for pressure are in agreement. Both vertical and horizontal wells are investigated and, for the case of vertical homogeneous wells, a linear relationship between the default (Peaceman) well index and the true (matched) well index is obtained, which considerably reduces the error of the Peaceman well index. For the case of heterogeneous vertical wells, a multiplier remedies the error. Similar results are obtained for horizontal wells (both heterogeneous and homogeneous models).
Screening and intervention for alcohol problems

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To describe adult primary care physicians’ and psychiatrists’ approach to alcohol screening and treatment, and to identify correlates of more optimal practices. DESIGN: Cross-sectional mailed survey. PARTICIPANTS: A national systematic sample of 2,000 physicians practicing general internal medicine, family medicine, obstetrics-gynecology, and psychiatry. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported frequency of screening new outpatients, and treatment recommendations in patients with diagnosed alcohol problems, on 5-point Likert-type scales. MAIN RESULTS: Of the 853 respondent physicians (adjusted response rate, 57%), 88% usually or always ask new outpatients about alcohol use. When evaluating patients who drink, 47% regularly inquire about maximum amounts on an occasion, and 13% use formal alcohol screening tools. Only 82% routinely offer intervention to diagnosed problem drinkers. Psychiatrists had the most optimal practices; more consistent screening and intervention was also associated with greater confidence in alcohol history taking, familiarity with expert guidelines, and less concern that patients will object. CONCLUSIONS: Most primary care physicians and psychiatrists ask patients about alcohol use, but fewer use recommended screening protocols of offer formal treatment. A substantial minority of physicians miss the opportunity to intervene in alcohol problems. Efforts to improve physicians’ screening and intervention for alcohol problems should address their confidence in their skills, familiarity with expert recommendations, and beliefs that patients object to their involvement
Behavioral modulation of the coexistence between Apis melifera and Varroa destructor: A defense against colony collapse?

Colony Collapse Disorder has become a global problem for beekeepers and for the crops which depend on bee polination. Multiple factors are known to increase the risk of colony colapse, and the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor that parasitizes honey bees is among the main threats to colony health. Although this mite is unlikely to, by itself, cause the collapse of hives, it plays an important role as it is a vector for many viral diseases. Such diseases are among the likely causes for Colony Collapse Disorder. The effects of V. destructor infestation are disparate in different parts of the world. Greater morbidity in the form of colony losses has been reported in colonies of European honey bees (EHB) in Europe, Asia and North America. However, this mite has been present in Brasil for many years and yet there are no reports of Africanized honey bee (AHB) colonies losses. Studies carried out in Mexico showed that some resistance behaviors to the mite especially grooming and hygienic behavior appear to be different in each subspecies. Could those difference in behaviors explain why the AHB are less susceptible to Colony Collapse Disorder? In order to answer this question, we propose a mathematical model of the coexistence dynamics of these two species, the bee and the mite, to analyze the role of resistance behaviors in the overall health of the colony, and, as a consequence, its ability to face epidemiological challenges.
Is time of neck pain onset a prognostic factor in whiplash-associated disorders?

Aims: One possible prognostic factor for whiplash-associated disorders which to date has not been investigated, is time of pain onset. We hypothesized that immediate onset of neck pain post-collision may indicate a different origin of the injury, with a prolonged recovery, compared to an injury with delayed onset of neck pain. Therefore, the aim was to investigate this in a prospective cohort study. Methods: Data was collected from insurance claimants (n = 1,308). Questionnaires at baseline provided information on time of neck pain onset, and potential confounders. Exposure was time of pain onset, trichotomized into; at the scene of the collision, 1-12 hours, and >12 hours post-collision. At a 6-month follow-up, pain-related disability was assessed with the pain disability index (PDI) and trichotomized into scores based on the median and the 75th percentile; PDI = 0, 1–18 and >18. Results: Twenty-eight percent of persons with Rasmus Elrud1, Eva Skillgate2, Linda J. Carroll3, Lena W. Holm4 Affiliations: 1Research associate, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 2Assistant Professor, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 3Associated Research Scientist, Injury Prevention Centre, Director of Graduate Education, and Professor, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 4Senior Researcher, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. Corresponding Author: Lena W. Holm, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm, Sweden, 171 77; Ph: +46 704 827479; E-mail: Lena.Holm@ ki.se Received: 26 August 2015 Accepted: 25 September 2015 Published: 23 January 2016 pain onset at the scene of collision rated in the PDI >18 category at follow-up, compared to 21% respectively of those with onset 1–12 hours and those with onset >12 hours post collision. Persons with pain onset at the scene were more likely to rate PDI >18 compared to those with onset >12 hours post-collision. When adjusted for confounders, the result was attenuated and not statistically significant or 1.3 (95% CI; 0.8– 2.2). Conclusion: Time of neck pain onset is not a prognostic factor in recovery from whiplashassociated disorders in this study. Further studies are warranted to confirm the results.
A Scalable Nanogenerator Based on Self‐Poled Piezoelectric Polymer Nanowires with High Energy Conversion Efficiency

Nanogenerators based on piezoelectric materials convert ever-present mechanical vibrations into electrical power for energetically autonomous wireless and electronic devices. Nanowires of piezoelectric polymers are particularly attractive for harvesting mechanical energy in this way, as they are flexible, lightweight and sensitive to small vibrations. Previous studies have focused exclusively on nanowires grown by electrospinning, but this involves complex equipment, and high voltages of $\approx$ 10 kV that electrically pole the nanowires and thus render them piezoelectric. Here we demonstrate that nanowires of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) grown using a simple and cost-effective template-wetting technique, can be successfully exploited in nanogenerators without poling. A typical nanogenerator comprising $\approx$ 10$^{10}$ highly crystalline, self-poled, aligned nanowires spanning $\approx$ 2 cm$^2$ is shown to produce a peak output voltage of 3 V at 5.5 nA in response to low-level vibrations. The mechanical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of 11% exhibited by our template-grown nanowires is comparable with the best previously reported values. Our work therefore offers a scalable means of achieving high-performance nanogenerators for the next generation of self-powered electronics.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance, species richness and composition under the monocultures of five medicinal plants.

The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota, AMF) in soils may be crucial for sustainable agriculture. Although AMF impact on the performance and accumulation of therapeutic compounds of several medicinal plant species has been well documented, the investigations on the influence of medicinal plants being cultivated on AMF have been insufficiently studied. The effect of three-year monocultures of my- corrhizal (Hypericum perforatum, Levisticum officinale, Mentha × citrata subsp. citrata and Thymus vulgaris) and non-mycorrhizal (Chelidonium majus) medicinal plant species on AMF propagule abundance, species richness and composition was therefore examined. The AMF non-host plant species C. majus decreased the abundance of AMF propagules in the soil, whereas the mycorrhizal plants maintained the AMF propagule potential at the same level, however, they changed the composition of AMF species. The results showed that the choice of medicinal plant species, grown even for a relatively short period of time in a monoculture, can substantially alter the AMF potential of soils which in turn can in- fluence the performance of other medicinal plants cultivated subsequently.
Psychological Wellbeing and Communication Styles among Medical-Surgical Nursing Students

The more psychologically healthy the nursing students are, the more likely they will be productive and successful in their academic and clinical training. Communication skills used in nursing to provide emotional support, information and feedback, giving hope to patients, and help them to cope with anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological wellbeing and communication styles among Medical-surgical university student. A descriptive -correlation study was conducted on 174 nursing students who were enrolled in MedicalSurgical Nursing III at MedicalSurgical department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University. Three tools were used for collecting the data: Tool I: Socio-demographic characteristics structured questionnaire sheet, Tool II: Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing (RPWB) scale and Tool III: Communication style questionnaire. Results of the present study revealed that combiner style of communication was significantly and positively correlated to positive relation dimension of psychological wellbeing. Accordingly, a training program to equip nursing students with communication skills is of paramount importance in helping students to promote their psychological wellbeing. Student nurses should be connected to an interactive web wellness portal with tools and resources for optimal psychological wellbeing.
Cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetry of muons from open heavy-flavor decays in polarized $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV

The cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetries of $\mu^{-}$ and $\mu^{+}$ from open heavy-flavor decays in polarized $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV were measured by the PHENIX experiment during 2012 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Because heavy-flavor production is dominated by gluon-gluon interactions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV, these measurements offer a unique opportunity to obtain information on the trigluon correlation functions. The measurements are performed at forward and backward rapidity ($1.4<|y|<2.0$) over the transverse momentum range of $1.25<p_T<7$ GeV/$c$ for the cross section and $1.25<p_T<5$ GeV/$c$ for the asymmetry measurements. The obtained cross section is compared to a fixed-order-plus-next-to-leading-log perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics calculation. The asymmetry results are consistent with zero within uncertainties, and a model calculation based on twist-3 three-gluon correlations agrees with the data.
The Fayalite Content of Chondritic Olivine: Obstacle to Understanding the Condensation of Rocky Material

Solar gas is too reducing for the equilibrium XFa in condensate olivine to reach the minimum XFa of the precursors of chondrules in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs), 0.145, at temperatures above those where Fe-Mg interdiffusion in olivine stops. Vaporization of a region enriched in dust relative to gas compared to solar composition yields higher fO2, and condensate grains with higher equilibrium XFa, than in a solar gas at the same temperature. Only dust enrichment factors near the maximum produced in coagulation and settling models, together with C1 chondrite dust whose O content has been enhanced by admixture of water ice, can yield olivine condensate grains with radii ≥1 μm whose mean XFa exceeds the minimum XFa of the precursors of UOC chondrules over the entire range of nebular midplane cooling rates. This unlikely set of circumstances cannot be considered a robust solution to the problem of the relatively high fayalite content of UOC olivine.
Spectral transmission and implications for the partitioning of shortwave radiation in arctic sea ice

Abstract We present a new set of values for the spectral extinction coefficients, Kλ, for the interior of first-year (FY) and multi-year (MY) Arctic sea ice during the summer melt season measured during SHEBA (Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean program) and at Barrow, Alaska, USA. Results for FY ice are consistent with previously reported values, and differences can be understood in terms of variations in the concentration of biological and suspended particulate material. The values for the interior of MY ice are lower than previously reported for both bare and ponded ice. For bare MY ice the new Kλ values predict a substantial increase in the solar radiation transmitted through the ice into the upper mixed layer. Ponded MY ice is only slightly more transparent than previously reported, and FY ice values are generally consistent with previously reported values. Assuming an asymmetry parameter of 0.94, the extinction coefficients are consistent with a volume-scattering coefficient of 77 m–1 that is constant from 400 to at least 720 nm.
Breeding lucerne for persistence

Abstract. Cultivated lucerne is the most widely grown forage legume in pastoral agriculture. Persistence is critical for most pastoral production systems and its definition includes concepts of productivity, but maintenance of adequate plant numbers is essential. There were three important eras in lucerne persistence breeding: species introduction leading to local varieties and land races (adaptation), development of multiple pest-resistant, autumn dormancy-specific cultivars, and introducing complex traits and the use of biotechnologies. Today’s persistent cultivar needs, at a minimum, adaptation, proper autumn dormancy, and targeted pest resistances. Adding complex, ‘persistence-limiting’ traits to these minimum base traits, such as tolerance to grazing, acid, aluminum-toxic soils, and drought, is successfully being achieved via traditional selection, but biotechnologies and inter-specific hybridisations are also being employed in some cases. The main issues around biotechnologies are public perception and regulatory issues which continue to hamper transgene deployment while genetic marker programs need to lower costs and concentrate on successful application. There is not one persistent ‘ideotype’ that will fill all situations, but specific ones need to be developed and targeted for geographies such as the subtropics. Finally, breeders need to understand what persistence traits lucerne producers are willing to pay a premium to obtain.
Teaching Pointing to Numerals to Individuals with Autism Using Simultaneous Prompting

Anadolu Universitesi Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine effectiveness of simultaneous prompting in teaching pointing to numerals to individuals with autism. Three individuals with autism were taught pointing to numerals, which were orally named by the teacher using simultaneous prompting. A multiple probe design was used across three behaviors and replicated across three subjects. Results revealed that simultaneous prompting was effective in teaching pointing to numerals, which were named by the teacher. Subjects managed to learn the numerals and generalize this skill to 'pointing to the numerals on a calendar page'.
A comparison of oral evaluation ratings by native English speaker teachers and non-native English speaker teachers

This study attempts to explore the differences and similarities between native English speaker (NES) teachers and non-native English speaker (NNES) teachers in their oral evaluation ratings of the same university level English language learners. To this effect, the iBT/Next Generation TOEFL Test Independent Speaking Rubric and a questionnaire were employed. The results reveal that NES teachers are more lenient in their oral evaluation ratings than NNES teachers. In regards to the questionnaire employed, it was found that NES teachers take into consideration the aspects of fluency and pronunciation more so than NNES teachers when orally assessing students, while NNES teachers take more into consideration the aspects of grammatical accuracy and vocabulary. Further research is required in the area of oral assessment specifically pertaining to nationality, age, work experience, and knowledge of a second language.
The Real and Financial Implications of Corporate Hedging

We study the implications of hedging for firm financing and investment. We do so using an extensive, hand-collected dataset on corporate hedging activities. Hedging can lower the odds of negative firm realizations, reducing the expected costs of financial distress. In theory, this should ease a firm's access to credit. Using a tax-based instrumental variable approach, we find that hedgers pay lower interest spreads and are less likely to have capital expenditure restrictions in their loan agreements. These favorable financing terms, in turn, allow hedgers to invest more. Our tests characterize two exact channels (cost of borrowing and investment restrictions) through which hedging affects corporate outcomes. The analysis we present shows that hedging has a first-order effect on firm financing and investment, and provides new insights into how hedging affects corporate wealth. More broadly, our study contributes novel evidence on the real consequences of financial contracting.
Strategic Management of Salespeople when Promoting New Products: Moderating effects of sales-related organizational psychological climate

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of salespeople when selling new products (namely, electronic goods) in a business-to-business context by incorporating the organizations’ perceived psychological climate into goal orientation theory. Design/methodology/approach – The current study uses the goal orientation theory to examine the performance of 158 salespeople based on new electronic product sales. Organizational psychological climate perceptions (i.e. customer orientation, sales supportiveness and sales innovativeness) are included as variables that can moderate salespeople’s performance. This study used partial least squares to examine its proposed model. Findings – This study found that the learning goal orientation and the performance-prove goal orientation positively affect salespeople’s self-efficacy to sell new products, whereas a performance-avoid goal orientation negatively affects efficacy. In addition, new product selling self-efficacy itself has a positive influen.
Evaluation of differential antitermitic activities of Lantana camara oven‐dried tissues against Reticulitermes virginicus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Abstract Chemical‐treated soil or physical barriers have been the most commonly used approach for termite management. We hypothesized that a barrier of soil incorporated with oven‐dried Lantana camara L. tissues could prevent termite infestation. We first examined the antitermitic effects of the dried tissues from two cultivars (‘Mozelle’ and ‘New Gold’) on the subterranean termite, Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Results show that all of the tissues of Mozelle had greater antitermic activity than corresponding tissues of New Gold, and leaves had greater termiticidal effects than flowers and stems. When termites were exposed to the test materials in a no‐choice bioassay, the 24‐day test resulted in a significant reduction of survival (52.5%–88.6%), running speed (18.2%–37.3%), live weight (21.8%–53.5%) and body water content (33.2%–56.2%) compared to the control. The consumption of leaves and flowers was exiguous. When used as 25% tissue mulch‐barrier, the oven‐dried lantana tissues decreased termite tunneling and wood consumption and increased termite mortality. The decreased survival, vigor, and low consumption indicate a toxic and anti‐feeding property of the materials tested. The results therefore support our hypothesis that the dried lantana tissues possess antitermitic activities.
On Reverse Stress Testing for Worst Case Scenarios: An Application to Credit Risk Modeling of Tunisian Economic Sectors

In Tunisia substantial economic and financial vulnerability are mainly caused by the civil unrest and the subsequent regime change after the Tunisian revolution in 2011. In order to quantify this fragility, in this paper, we use reverse stress testing (RST) based on combination of relevant risk factors that lead to the worst case in which the bank becomes unviable and insolvent. Given the financial stress testing scenarios shortcomings (i.e. plausibility, subjectivity), the use of RST methodology is explained by the fact that it identify the probability of realization of such scenarios. We apply this new methodology on Tunisian banks which are the core for financial stability; more specifically, we focus on credit risk RST. We choose the upper bound for value at risk (VaR) in order to identify worst VaR at probability of realization a. Our proposed framework relies on the logistic regression to identify stress probability and the linear regression of financial stress index output gap versus macroeconomic risk factors in order to search for scenarios at 1%, 3% and 5% levels of plausibility. Empirical results show that Tunisian banks have likely to reach the WVaR in 2012 at 5% level. Besides the more extreme the scenarios which are considered the less plausible they become. Our reverse FST is a complement, and never a substitute for risk manager and what matters most is the mindset of those employing it.
Virus-like particles in a summer bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea

The importance of viruses in controlling a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea was investigated during summer 1993. Viral infection of E. huxleyi was highest in the decaying phase of the bloom. Up to 50% of E. huxleyi cells were visibly infected. For E, huxleyi, 2 types of virus-like particles are reported. They differed in size and were occassionally found within the same cell. The infection level of the large virus-like particles was never higher than 25%. Viral lysis of E, huxleyi within the nitrogen-limited decaying phase of the bloom seemed an important source of organic carbon utilized by bacteria. In addition to infection in E. huxleyi, we also found severe viral infection in Chrysochromulina sp. Our results show that in natural ecosystems viruses can be a significant source of phytoplankton mortality, influencing phytoplankton (bloom) dynamics and the microbial food web.