Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Heart Rate Monitor Data of Division 1 Male Soccer Players Over the Course of a Season

The purpose of the first part of this project was to compare and contrast heart-rate monitoring and session RPE as tools to assess internal training load, specifically in soccer players. Soccer is a physiologically demanding sport due to the many actions required of a player over the course of match. Knowledge of internal training load, or the individual physiological “load” on a player, may help coaches or trainers better understand many components of a players fitness including under-training, over-training, and overall fatigue levels. A heart-rate monitor’s ability to calculate internal training load is primarily based upon the well-established relationship shared among heart-rate and VO2. Whereas monitoring heart rate to calculate load is typically viewed as an objective measure, session RPE is a subjective measure of internal training load takes into account global intensity of a training session. This method has been demonstrated to maintain a strong reliability with internal training load calculated via heart-rate monitors and is sometimes favored due to its relative ease of use and absence of expensive equipment. To that end, it seems that each method serves as valuable tool to assess the internal training load of a player, but neither are without limitations and those should be considered carefully when deciding upon a method to be used to monitor training loads in soccer athletes. The purpose of the second portion of this project was to present a case study to design, execute and evaluate the use of heart-rate monitors as a tool for periodization in a Division I Men’s Soccer team across a competitive season. The periodization schedule was created a priori and based upon internal training load information gathered from heart-rate monitors and anchored to known periodization goals as well as coach and team-specific goals. Upon analyzing the data it was shown that, throughout the season, scheduled training loads deviated
Acute effects of buprenorphine, hydromorphone and naloxone in methadone-maintained volunteers.

Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist being evaluated for treatment of opioid dependence. This study characterized the effects of buprenorphine in comparison to naloxone, hydromorphone and saline, in methadone-dependent volunteers. In a residential laboratory, 6 volunteer male opioid abusers maintained on 30 mg of methadone daily underwent pharmacological challenges 2 to 3 times per week. Pharmacological challenges consisted of a double-blind i.m. injection of: buprenorphine (dose range 0.5-8.0 mg), hydromorphone (5 and 10 mg), naloxone (0.1 and 0.2 mg) or saline. Injections were given 20 hr after the last dose of methadone. Measures included physiologic indices, and self-report and observer ratings of drug effects. Naloxone and hydromorphone produced characteristic antagonist-like and agonist-like effects, respectively, on subjective, observer and physiologic indices. None of the doses of buprenorphine were consistently or systematically identified as an opioid agonist or antagonist on any of the measures. Thus buprenorphine produced minimal effects in methadone-dependent patients. The lack of agonist effects suggests buprenorphine has a low abuse potential in methadone-dependent patients. The lack of antagonist effects suggests buprenorphine can be administered safely to subjects dependent on a low dose of methadone. This lack of effect of buprenorphine distinguishes it from other mixed agonist antagonists previously tested, which produced antagonist effects in this procedure.
Loss of corticospinal tract integrity in early MS disease stages

Objective: We investigated corticospinal tract (CST) integrity in the absence of white matter (WM) lesions using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in early MS disease stages. Methods: Our study comprised 19 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 11 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, for whom MRI measures of CST integrity (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity [MD]), T1- and T2-based lesion load, and brain volumes were available. The mean (SD) disease duration was 3.5 (2.1) months, and disability score was low (median Expanded Disability Status Scale 1.5) at the time of the study. Results: Patients with CIS and RRMS had significantly lower CST FA and higher CST MD values compared with controls. These findings were present, irrespective of whether WM lesions affected the CST. However, no group differences in the overall gray or WM volume were identified. Conclusions: In early MS disease stages, CST integrity is already affected in the absence of WM lesions or brain atrophy.
Successful treatment with tocilizumab of pericarditis associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease often complicated by vasculitis. Pericarditis is a serious complication caused by vasculitis, resulting in retention of pericardial effusion that sometimes induces cardiac tamponade. We report a patient with RA in whom pericarditis improved after tocilizumab administration. A male patient was diagnosed with RA and chronic renal failure in 1980 and was treated with salazosulfapyridine, but disease activity remained high. In January 2012, at the age of 73 years, he developed organizing pneumonia as a complication and was admitted to our hospital. Treatment with prednisolone 30 mg/day was initiated. However, 20 days after initiation of treatment, chest pain and palpitation developed, and chest computed tomography (CT) and echocardiography (ECG) revealed retention of pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. Rheumatoid nodules and interstitial pneumonia were also observed, and serum C3 level was decreased. A diagnosis of pericarditis caused by vasculitis was made based on these findings, and tocilizumab 8 mg/kg was administered. His symptoms improved gradually, and chest CT and ECG showed no pericardial effusion after about 3 weeks. No adverse effects of tocilizumab were observed during the clinical course. Although there are only a few reports of the effects of tocilizumab on vasculitis associated with RA, tocilizumab administration appears worthwhile in RA patients with vasculitis who do not respond to conventional treatment.
CHRONIC ZINC DEFICIENCY INDUCES AN ANTIOXIDANT ADAPTIVE RESPONSE IN RAT LUNG

Few studies are available about the role of dietary zinc (Zn) in respiratory diseases. Adult male rats were divided into 2 groups and fed respectively a moderate Zn-deficient diet and a Zn-adequate control diet. In lung tissue at 2 months, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS), total glutathione, glutathione disulfide, protein carbonyls, metallothionein, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were increased, but protein thiols decreased. In lung tissue at 4 months, TBARS, metallothionein, and the activities of CuZnSOD, Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) increased. The activities GPx, catalase, G-6-PDH were lower than control group. The changes were accompanied by histological alterations in Zn-deficient lung. The results provide evidence of the pro-oxidative effects of Zn-deficiency in lung, and suggest that the time of treatment play a key role in determining lung susceptibility to oxidative stress.
African Women In The Development Process

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HPTLC fingerprint: a modern approach for the analytical determination of botanicals

Availability of rapid and reliable methods for detection of quality in plant raw materials and botanicals is urgently needed. The recent HPTLC instrumentation allows to obtain fingerprints useful to ascertain identity and composition. The results of direct application of HPTLC devices in selected cases, using the fingerprint approach, are here reported, considered and compared with other methods. HPTLC is proposed as an useful tool for analytical validation of the novel forms of natural products.
A gender-specific intervention for at-risk women in the USA

Women are the fastest growing group in the USA to become infected with HIV. Also, the mode of transmission is changing with heterosexual behaviour being the predominant source. As these changes occur, HIV infection becomes more common in women who have not typically been considered at high risk. This paper describes an intervention designed to decrease unsafe sexual encounters and to focus on a highly meaningful concern in the lives of these women: relationships with men. The sessions encouraged making decisions, choice, partner selection, sexual rights, refusal of any unwanted sex, female controlled methods and other elements of empowerment. An eight-session and a four-session curriculum were created to assess dose factors as well.
The Impact of Police Deployment on Racial Disparities in Discretionary Searches

A large and growing body of research finds racial disparities in discretionary searches of drivers during traffic stops with Black drivers disproportionately involved in these investigations. Among the explanations for these disparities is the deployment hypothesis which suggests that as police departments increasingly adopt hot spots policing strategies, proactive traffic stops and discretionary searches may spatially cluster around crime hot spots contributing to racial disparities. The present study builds on the existing research literature by identifying hot spots using reported crime data from a police department and examining whether these crime hot spots function as a mediating factor to the relationship between driver race and discretionary searches. Findings provide partial support for the deployment hypothesis. While nearly half of all traffic stops transpired within one quarter mile of hot spots and more frequently involved Black drivers, stops involving Black drivers remained more likely to include discretionary searches and increased concomitantly with distance from the nearest hot spot.
Comparison of outcomes based on treatment algorithms for rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder/prostate: Combined results from the Children's Oncology Group, German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study, Italian Cooperative Group, and International Society of Pediatric Oncology Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor

The purpose of this study was to determine patient characteristics and outcomes for bladder/prostate (BP) rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) using an international cohort of prospectively treated patients comparing different treatment algorithms. Data were collected from 379 patients (1979–1998) treated on protocol; Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, IRS‐IV (n = 239 patients), International Society of Pediatric Oncology Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors (MMT) Committee MMT‐84 and ‐89 (n = 74), Italian Cooperative Group, RMS‐79 and RMS‐88 Studies (n = 37) or German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study CWS‐91 protocols (n = 29). A total of 322 (85%) patients had localized embryonal RMS (ERMS) and 27 had metastatic disease. Thirty patients (21 local disease; 9 metastatic) had nonembryonal BP RMS. Patients with localized ERMS had large tumors (64% >5 cm) that were invasive (54%) with uninvolved regional lymph nodes (N0, 93%). The 5‐year failure‐free survival (FFS) was 75% and the overall survival (OS) was 84%, with 89% of deaths attributed to disease. Treatment failures were usually local disease recurrence (60%). Predictors of FFS included T‐stage (invasiveness), size, and histology. FFS was decreased for patients not receiving initial radiotherapy but this did not translate into a decreased OS. The 21 patients with localized nonembryonal BP RMS had a FFS and OS of 47%. The 36 patients with metastatic disease were more likely to be older and had large tumors that were invasive with alveolar histology and regional lymph node involvement. The 5‐year FFS and OS were 41 and 44%, respectively. In conclusion, the majority of BP RMS patients had localized ERMS with a resultant good prognosis using current treatment algorithms. There were differences in FFS between treatment protocols but this did not result in an altered OS.
Comparison Of Efficacy Of Phenytoin And Levetiracetam For Prevention Of Early Post Traumatic Seizures.

BACKGROUND The incidence of early post-traumatic seizures after civilian traumatic brain injury ranges 4-25%. The control of early post-traumatic seizure is mandatory because these acute insults may add secondary damage to the already damaged brain with poor outcome. Prophylactic use of anti-epileptic drugs have been found to be have variable efficacy against early post-traumatic seizures. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Phenytion and Levetiracetam in prevention of early post-traumatic seizures in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted in department of Neurosurgery, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad from March, 2012 to March 2013. The patients with moderate to severe head injury were randomly allocated in two groups. Patients in group A were given phenytoin and patients in group B were given Levetiracetam. Patients were followed for one week to detect efficacy of drug in terms of early post traumatic seizures. RESULTS The 154 patients included in the study were equally divided into two groups. Out of 154 patients 115 (74.7%) were male while 29 (25.3%) were females. Age of patients ranges from 7-48 (24.15±9.56) years. Ninety one (59.1%) patients had moderate head injury while 63 (40.9%) patients had severe head injury. Phenytoin was effective in preventing early post traumatic seizures in 73 (94.8%) patients whereas Levetiracetam effectively controlled seizures in 70 (90.95%) cases (p-value of .348). CONCLUSIONS There is no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of Phenytoin and Levetiracetam in prophylaxis of early posttraumatic seizures in cases of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.
Dentary tooth shape in Sphenodon and its fossil relatives (Diapsida: Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia).

BACKGROUND Today Rhynchocephalia, the sister tax-on to Squamata (snakes, lizards and amphisbaenians), is only represented by the tuatara (Sphenodon) of New Zealand. However, for much of the Mesozoic, the group was speciose and globally distributed. Historically, the Rhynchocephalia were considered to be homogenous and unspecialized but new fossils and new research are overturning this view. As well as differences in body size, body proportions, habit (aquatic vs. terrestrial), and skull structure, their teeth show variation in shape, size, number, arrangement and enamel thickness. This suggests differences in diet and mode of feeding. The teeth of basal taxa tend to be relatively simple and conical, whereas those of derived taxa possess complex flanges and wear facets. METHODS Dimensions of the dentary tooth bases were measured in apical view for a large sample of rhynchocephalian taxa. RESULTS These measurements reveal three general tooth types: small ovoid teeth, large wide teeth, and large elongate teeth. CONCLUSION These three categories correspond to food processing as inferred from tooth wear (puncturing+crushing, grinding+shredding and tearing+cutting, respectively). A phylogenetic signal is also present as the teeth of basal taxa generally conform to the first category. The larger tooth bases of derived taxa provide stronger attachment and contribute to a stouter tooth shape more resistant to loading and torsional forces. This in turn corresponds to skull architecture because the skulls of derived taxa could accommodate larger jaw muscles with a greater leverage relative to basal taxa.
Soft-decision and erasure decoding in fast frequency-hopping systems with convolutional, turbo, and Reed-Solomon codes

In this contribution we present an exhaustive treatment of various coding and decoding techniques for use in fast frequency-hopping/multiple frequency shift keying multiple-access systems. One of the main goals is to show how reliability information on each received bit can be derived to enable soft-decision decoding. Convolutional codes as well as turbo codes are considered applying soft-decision, erasure, and hard-decision decoding. Their performance is compared to that of previously proposed Reed-Solomon with either errors-only or errors-and-erasures decoding. A mobile radio environment yielding a frequency-selective fading channel is assumed. It is shown that the application of turbo codes and convolutional codes with soft decision decoding can allow for a comparable number of simultaneously transmitting users to Reed-Solomon codes with errors-and-erasures decoding. Furthermore, the advantage of soft decisions is shown, which can be applied to a widely and growing range of channel codes. The pertinent technique of calculating soft decisions is described in the paper.
Forward-Looking Quantitative Information in Italian Listed Firms. Empirical Evidence in 2006-2010

The topics of voluntary disclosure of firm is an open debate. Literature has been variously focused on different path take into account the Stakeholder Theory (Freeman, 1984). In this paper we deal with an emerging issue related to the IASB document “Management Commentary. A framework for presentation”. In particular, objective of the research is to provide evidence on the potential relations between financial and governance-related variables with measures of the existence and quality of forward-looking information in the Annual Reports. Adopting a content analysis approach with the help of statistical analysis, we considered annual disclosure reports of a sample of 218 Italian industrial listed firms in the period 20062010. We found positive correlations between forward looking related variables and other debt related, asset related, profit and loss related and governance variables.
Does One Bank Size Fit All? The Role of Diversification and Monitoring

Using a sample of US bank holding companies from 2001 to 2012, we provide evidence that the relationship between size and bank charter value is an inverse U-shape, which implies the existence of an optimal size. More importantly, motivated by Diamond’s (1984) theoretical model of financial intermediation as delegated monitors, we provide evidence that the inverse U-shape relationship, and consequently the optimal size, is determined by the tradeoff between the diversification benefits and monitoring costs, that is, the direct monitoring cost of bank assets and the delegation costs for debtholders and shareholders.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries

The challenge for corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developing countries is framed by a vision that was distilled in 2000 into the Millennium Development Goals—'a world with less poverty, hunger and disease, greater survival prospects for mothers and their infants, better educated children, equal opportunities for women, and a healthier environment' (UN, 2006: 3). Unfortunately, these global aspirations remain far from being met in many developing countries today. The question addressed by this chapter, therefore, is: What is the role of business in tackling the critical issues of human development and environmental sustainability in developing countries? To begin with, it is worth clarifying my use of the terms developing countries and CSR. There is an extensive historical and generally highly critical debate in 474 csr in global context the development literature about the classification of countries as developed and less developed or developing. Without reviving that debate here, suffice to say that I use developing countries because it is still a popular term used to collectively describe nations that have relatively lower per capita incomes and are relatively less industrialized. This is consistent with the United Nations Developments Program's (2006) cate-gorization in its summary statistics on human development and is best represented by the World Bank's classification of lower and middle income countries. 1 It should be noted, however, that the UNDP's classification of high, medium and low development countries produces a slightly different picture than the World Bank's list of which countries are developed and developing. CSR is an equally contested concept (Moon, 2002b). However, for the purposes of this chapter, I use CSR in developing countries to represent 'the formal and informal ways in which business makes a contribution to improving the governance, social, ethical, labour and environmental conditions of the developing countries in which they operate, while remaining sensitive to prevailing religious, historical and cultural contexts' (Visser et al., 2007). The rationale for focusing on CSR in developing countries as distinct from CSR in the developed world is fourfold: 1. developing countries represent the most rapidly expanding economies, and hence the most lucrative growth markets for business (IMF, 2006); 2. developing countries are where the social and environmental crises are usually most acutely felt in the world (WRI, 2005; UNDP, 2006); 3. developing countries are where globalization, economic growth, investment, and business activity are likely to have the most dramatic social and environmental impacts (both positive and …
Long-Period Gratings in Hollow Core Fibers by Pressure-Assisted Arc Discharge Technique

We report on the fabrication of long-period gratings (LPGs) in hollow-core air-silica photonic bandgap fibers by using the pressure-assisted electrode arc discharge (EAD) technique. The EAD procedure combined with pressure actuation inside fiber holes enables the modification of hole size and shape in both core and cladding region avoiding holes collapsing and thus acts as a useful tool to impress effective refractive index modulation leading to low loss gratings. Periodically repeated EAD treatments permit the fabrication of LPG-based devices in hollow core optical fibers enabling new functionalities hitherto not possible. Here, the experimental demonstration of LPG prototyping with different characteristics exhibiting attenuation bands with depth up to 12 dB are reported.