Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Pheromone Application Rates, Point Source Densities, and Dispensing Methods for Mating Disruption of Tufted Apple Bud Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract Small-plot (≈0.1 ha) studies were used to evaluate different pheromone dispensing systems, application rates, and point-source densities for mating disruption of the tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker). Using polyvinyl chloride spirals impregnated with tufted apple bud moth pheromone (1:1 ratio of E11-tetradecenyl alcohol/E11-tetradecenyl acetate), pheromone rates of ≥1,482 spirals per hectare (74.1 g pheromone per hectare) were superior to a rate of 988 spirals per hectare (49.4 g pheromone per hectare) in decreasing male response to pheromone traps in 1995, whereas no differences were detected among rates of 988, 1,482 and 1,975 spirals per hectare in 1996. Within a range of 370–988 pheromone dispensers per hectare, point source densities were equally effective in suppressing male response to pheromone traps. Pheromone-impregnated paraffin disks were equally effective at inhibiting male response to pheromone traps compared with polyvinyl chloride spirals. However, a paraffin emulsion formulation of pheromone applied with a hand-held grease gun provided longer residual communication disruption effects than polyvinyl chloride spirals. Dilution of paraffin emulsion pheromone formulations in water for application with a backpack sprayer and airblast sprayer rendered them ineffective in reducing male response to pheromone traps. The releases of pheromone from polyvinyl chloride spirals and paraffin disks aged in the field were described by a linear and negative logarithmic curve, respectively, indicating that dispenser life time should be longer for spirals. The ratio of acetate to alcohol components of pheromone released from spirals increased over time, whereas the release ratio remained more constant for paraffin disks. This suggests that the disruption efficacy of spirals may be prematurely reduced because of imbalance of the released components.
Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling Ablates the Invasive Phenotype of Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common primary brain tumor, is highly refractory to therapy, mainly due to its ability to form micrometastases, which are small clusters or individual cells that rapidly transverse the brain and make full surgical resection impossible. Here, it is demonstrated that the invasive phenotype of glioblastoma multiforme is orchestrated by the transcription factor NF-κB which, via metalloproteinases (MMP), regulates fibronectin processing. Both, cell lines and tumor stem cells from primary glioblastoma multiforme, secrete high levels of fibronectin which when cleaved by MMPs forms an extracellular substrate. Subsequently, forming and interacting with their own microenvironment, glioblastoma multiforme cells are licensed to invade their surroundings. Mechanistic study revealed that NF-κB inhibition, either genetically or pharmacologically, by treatment with Disulfiram, significantly abolished the invasive phenotype in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, having delineated the underlying molecular mechanism of glioblastoma multiforme invasion, the potential of a disulfiram-based therapy was revealed in a highly invasive orthotrophic glioblastoma multiforme mouse model. Implications: This study defines a novel therapeutic approach that inhibits micrometastases invasion and reverts lethal glioblastoma into a less aggressive disease. Mol Cancer Res; 11(12); 1611–23. ©2013 AACR.
Familial pattern of Salzmann-type nodular corneal degeneration—a four generation series

Salzmann nodular degeneration was first described by Maximilian Salzmann.1 It is more often associated with chronic corneal diseases2 and is not considered to be hereditary. We describe this condition in four women in four successive generations, all direct descendants. Corneal histological report was available from one patient. We shall refer to these cases as case nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 as they occur in chronological order, although case no. 2 presented to us first (index case). ### Case no. 1 (great grandmother) She was born in 1905. The records date back to 1971 when she was registered visually impaired due to bilateral corneal degenerative changes. She underwent penetrating keratoplasties of the right and left eye in 1972 and 1973, respectively. Ten years postoperatively, recurrence of degenerative changes was noted on the grafts. No further intervention was carried out. She died of natural …
National survey of end-of-life decisions made by UK medical practitioners

Background: This study estimates the frequency of different end-of-life decisions (ELDs) in medical practice in the UK, compares these with other countries and assesses doctors’ views on the adequacy of current UK law. Method: Postal survey of 857 UK medical practitioners using a questionnaire used in other countries. Findings: The proportion of UK deaths involving an ELD were: 1) voluntary euthanasia 0.16% (0-0.36), 2) physician-assisted suicide 0.00%, 3) ending of life without an explicit request from patient 0.33% (0-0.76), 4) alleviation of symptoms with possibly life shortening effect 32.8% (28.1-37.6), 5) non-treatment decisions 30.3% (26.0-34.6). ELDs 1 and 2 were significantly less frequent than in the Netherlands and Australia; ELD 2 was also less frequent than Switzerland. ELD 3 was less frequent than in Belgium and Australia. Comparison of UK and New Zealand general practitioners showed lower rates of ELDs 4 and 5 in the UK. ELD 5 was more common than in most other European countries. A few doctors attending deaths felt UK law had inhibited or interfered with their preferred management of patients (4.6% (3.1-6.1%) of doctors) or that a new law would have facilitated better management (2.6% (1.4-3.8%) of doctors). Interpretation: The lower relative rate of ELDs involving doctor-assisted dying in the UK, and the relatively high rate of non-treatment decisions, suggests a culture of medical decision making informed by a palliative care philosophy.
Asymptotic End-to-end Backlog Evaluation in a Packet Network with a Wide Range of Traffic Flows Including Fractional Brownian Motions

The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple evaluation formula for the asymptotic tail probability of the end-to-end backlog in a packet network with a wide range of traffic flows including fractional Brownian motions (fBms). In the previous paper, the authors proposed the concept of tractable effective bandwidth (tEBW). It is the effective bandwidths (EBWs) of one type and can carry out the end-to-end evaluation into a single node evaluation at the bottleneck node. Though almost all of the known traffic flow models have tEBWs, but fBms don't. In this paper we discuss the end-to-end evaluation under mixed traffic flows with tEBWs and fBm variances to include fBms. We show that, by suitably evaluating the input traffics (both forwarding traffic and the cross traffics), the end-to-end evaluation can be reduced into a single node evaluation, and obtain a simple asymptotic evaluation formula. The formula depends on the evaluation of the input traffics, but it is independent of the number of nodes as the case for tEBWs only.
Connaissance et utilisation des méthodes contraceptives en milieu rural Sereer au Sénégal

Cet article presente les resultats d’une enquete retrospective menee en milieu rural senegalais (804 hommes de 20 a 69 ans et 1 039 femmes de 15 a 54 ans), avec comme objectif de mieux comprendre la diffusion de la connaissance (spontanee et apres description) et de la pratique (passee et actuelle) de la contraception. L’ecart observe selon le type de connaissance est important : si 80 % des hommes et 70 % des femmes ont entendu parler de la contraception, seulement 46 % et 23 % d’entre eux (respectivement) citent de maniere spontanee une methode de contraception. Ces proportions tombent a 33 % et 17 % lorsqu’il s’agit uniquement des methodes modernes. L’information sur le condom atteint surtout les jeunes, scolarises et ayant une experience urbaine. Au village, on decele un processus d’interaction sociale : l’information est meilleure dans les villages animes d’activites economiques et aupres des individus engages dans une activite commerciale. Celle-ci tend a se diversifier et contourne les processus traditionnels de la transmission du savoir. Neanmoins, la pratique contraceptive reste tres faible : 16 % des hommes et 4 % des femmes ont deja utilise une methode. La prevalence contraceptive des femmes est de 1,9 %, toutes methodes confondues, et de 1,5 % pour les methodes modernes. Le recours a la pilule, au dispositif intra-uterin (DIU) et aux injections par les individus non-celibataires revele le caractere cible de l’offre dirigee vers les personnes en union. L’utilisation du condom par les jeunes generations reflete sa diffusion recente associee a une sexualite premaritale assez precoce des garcons. La non-utilisation par les femmes celibataires temoigne de leur difficulte d’acces aux methodes. Les jeunes generations ne trouvent pas de reponse a leur demande dans les villages ou l’offre est essentiellement orientee vers les couples. Les recommandations vont dans le sens d’une ouverture des programmes aux populations adolescentes.
Gata4 and Gata5 Cooperatively Regulate Cardiac Myocyte Proliferation in Mice*

GATA5 is a member of the zinc finger transcription factor GATA family (GATA1–6) that plays a wide variety of roles in embryonic and adult development. Experiments in multiple model systems have emphasized the importance of the GATA family members 4–6 in the development of the endoderm and mesoderm. Yet despite overlapping expression patterns, there is little evidence of an important role for GATA5 in mammalian cardiac development. We have generated a new Gata5 mutant allele lacking exons 2 and 3 that encodes both zinc finger domains (Gata5tm2Eem), and we show that although Gata5−/− mice are viable, Gata4+/−5−/− mutants die at mid-gestation and exhibit profound cardiovascular defects, including abnormalities of cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac chamber maturation. These results demonstrate functional redundancy between Gata4 and Gata5 during cardiac development and implicate Gata5 as a candidate modifier gene for congenital heart disease.
KLF4α stimulates breast cancer cell proliferation by acting as a KLF4 antagonist

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a transcription factor involved in both tumor suppression and oncogenesis in various human tumors, is subject to alternative splicing that produces KLF4α. KLF4α is primarily expressed in the cytoplasm because it lacks exon 3 of KLF4, which contains the nuclear localization signal. The role of KLF4 in breast cancer remains unclear and nothing is known yet about the expression and function of the isoform KLF4α. Here, we show that KLF4α is expressed in normal and tumoral tissue of the breast and provide evidence that the KLF4α/KLF4(full-length) (FL) ratio is increased in tumors compared to corresponding normal tissue. Forced increase of the KLF4α/KLF4(FL) ratio in the metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 decreases the levels of E-Cadherin, p21Cip1, and p27Kip1, three known KLF4(FL) target genes, and stimulates cell proliferation. We suggest that cytoplasmic KLF4α binds to KLF4(FL) and retains it in the cytoplasm thereby antagonizing the gene regulatory activities of KLF4(FL) in the nucleus. Our results establish KLF4α as a KLF4 isoform that opposes the function of KLF4(FL) and as an important factor in the complex and unresolved role of KLF4(FL) in breast carcinogenesis.
Dependence of vital cell function on endoplasmic reticulum calcium levels: implications for the mechanisms underlying neuronal cell injury in different pathological states.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular compartment playing a pivotal role in the control of vital calcium-related cell functions, including calcium storage and signalling. In addition, newly synthesized membrane and secretory proteins are folded and processed in the ER, reactions which are strictly calcium dependent. The ER calcium activity is therefore high, being several orders of magnitude above that of the cytoplasm. Depletion of ER calcium stores causes an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen, a pathological situation which induces the activation of two highly conserved stress responses, the ER overload response (EOR) and the unfolded protein response (UPR). EOR triggers activation of the transcription factor NF kappa B, which, in turn, activates the expression of target genes. UPR triggers two downstream processes: it activates the expression of genes coding for ER-resident stress proteins, and it causes a suppression of the initiation of protein synthesis. A similar stress response is activated in pathological states of the brain including cerebral ischaemia, implying common underlying mechanisms. Depending on the extent and duration of the disturbance, an isolated impairment of ER function is sufficient to induce cell injury. In this review, evidence is presented that ER function is indeed disturbed in various diseases of the brain, including acute pathological states (e.g. cerebral ischaemia) and degenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease). A body of evidence suggests that disturbances of ER function could be a global pathomechanism underlying neuronal cell injury in various acute and chronic disorders of the central nervous system. If that is true, restoration of ER function or attenuation of secondary disturbances induced by ER dysfunction could present a highly promising new avenue for pharmacological intervention to minimize neuronal cell injury in different pathological states of the brain.
Comparison of Cognitive Impairment between Patients having Epilepsy and Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive impairment in patients having epilepsy or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) using selected neuropsychological tests at different time periods related to the seizure. METHODS In this study, selected neurocognitive tests were administered to the patients. Within 24 h, the previously applied neurocognitive tests were repeated within 24 h following the observation of typical seizures when monitoring and normalizing electroencephalography (EEG) activity. Basal neurocognitive tests were also administered to the healthy control group, and repeat neurocognitive evaluation was performed within 24-96 h. RESULTS The basal neurocognitive evaluation revealed that verbal learning and memory scores as well as Stroop test interference time were significantly lower in the PNES group compared with those in the controls. In the basal cognitive tests administered to the patients with epilepsy, verbal learning and memory scores, long-term memory, and total recognition test scores were significantly lower than those of the controls. Following the repeat cognitive tests, significant progress was found in the verbal categorical fluency score of the PNES group. No significant difference was determined in the epilepsy group. Significant contraction was determined in the Stroop interference time in the control group, but no similar change was recorded in the epilepsy or PNES groups. CONCLUSION While memory problems seemed to be most prominent in the assessed patients with epilepsy, attention and executive function problems were more dominant in the patients with PNESs. These findings are probably related to numerous factors such duration of disease, mood disorders, and specific drug use. No deterioration in attention and executive functions was reported in the early post-seizure period in either patient group.
Permanent CNI Treatment for Prevention of Renal Allograft Rejection in Sensitized Hosts Can Be Replaced by Regulatory T Cells

Recent data suggest that donor‐specific memory T cells (Tmem) are an independent risk factor for rejection and poor graft function in patients and a major challenge for immunosuppression minimizing strategies. Many tolerance induction protocols successfully proven in small animal models e.g. costimulatory blockade, T cell depletion failed in patients. Consequently, there is a need for more predictive transplant models to evaluate novel promising strategies, such as adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Treg).
Association of polymorphic markers of genes FTO, KCNJ11, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, and CDKN2B with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Russian population

Background The association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the KCNJ11, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, CDKN2B, and FTO genes in the Russian population has not been well studied. In this study, we analysed the population frequencies of polymorphic markers of these genes. Methods The study included 862 patients with T2DM and 443 control subjects of Russian origin. All subjects were genotyped for 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes using real-time PCR (TaqMan assays). HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were used to measure insulin resistance and β-cell secretory function, respectively. Results The analysis of the frequency distribution of polymorphic markers for genes KCNJ11, CDKAL1, SLC30A8 and CDKN2B showed statistically significant associations with T2DM in the Russian population. The association between the FTO gene and T2DM was not statistically significant. The polymorphic markers rs5219 of the KCNJ11 gene, rs13266634 of the SLC30A8 gene, rs10811661 of the CDKN2B gene and rs9465871, rs7756992 and rs10946398 of the CDKAL1 gene showed a significant association with impaired glucose metabolism or impaired β-cell function. Conclusion In the Russian population, genes, which affect insulin synthesis and secretion in the β-cells of the pancreas, play a central role in the development of T2DM.
Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: Value of Convoluted Cerebriform Pattern on MR Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A convoluted cerebriform pattern (CCP) has been reported as a valuable MR imaging feature of inverted papilloma (IP). The purpose of this study was to validate the usefulness of CCP for distinguishing IP from various malignant sinonasal tumors in a relatively large number of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed MR images of 30 patients with IP and 128 patients with various malignant sinonasal tumors proved on histologic examination and compared the prevalence of a CCP between the 2 groups. In 8 patients with IP concomitant with squamous cell carcinoma, we also tried to find the MR features to help suggest coexistent malignancy. RESULTS: A CCP was demonstrated in all 30 (100%) of the IPs and 17 (13%) of the 128 malignant sinonasal tumors on MR imaging. There was a significant statistical difference in the prevalence of a CCP between IP and malignant sinonasal tumors with the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy 100%, 87%, 64%, 100%, and 89%, respectively. Of 8 IPs concomitant with squamous cell carcinoma, a focal loss of a CCP was demonstrated in 4 tumors, 3 of which also showed aggressive bone destruction with extrasinonasal extension on MR images. CONCLUSION: Although a CCP is a reliable MR imaging feature of sinonasal IPs, it can also be seen in various malignant sinonasal tumors. A focal loss of a CCP might be a clue to the diagnosis of IPs concomitant with malignancy.
Steady-State Plasma and Bronchopulmonary Concentrations of Intravenous Levofloxacin and Azithromycin in Healthy Adults

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to compare the concentrations of levofloxacin and azithromycin in steady-state plasma, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and alveolar macrophage (AM) after intravenous administration. Thirty-six healthy, nonsmoking adult subjects were randomized to either intravenous levofloxacin (500 or 750 mg) or azithromycin (500 mg) once daily for five doses. Venipuncture and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage were performed in each subject at either 4, 12, or 24 h after the start of the last antibiotic infusion. The mean concentrations of levofloxacin and azithromycin in plasma were similar to those previously published. The dosing regimens of levofloxacin achieved significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations in steady-state plasma than azithromycin during the 24 h after drug administration. The respective mean (± standard deviation) concentrations at 4, 12, and 24 h in ELF for 500 mg of levofloxacin were 11.01 ± 4.52, 2.50 ± 0.97, and 1.24 ± 0.55 μg/ml; those for 750 mg of levofloxacin were 12.94 ± 1.21, 6.04 ± 0.39, and 1.73 ± 0.78 μg/ml; and those for azithromycin were 1.70 ± 0.74, 1.27 ± 0.47, and 2.86 ± 1.75 μg/ml. The differences in concentrations in ELF among the two levofloxacin groups and azithromycin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher at the 4- and 12-h sampling times. The respective concentrations in AM for 500 mg of levofloxacin were 83.9 ± 53.2, 18.3 ± 6.7, and 5.6 ± 3.2 μg/ml; those for 750 mg of levofloxacin were 81.7 ± 37.0, 78.2 ± 55.4, and 13.3 ± 6.5 μg/ml; and those for azithromycin were 650 ± 259, 669 ± 311, and 734 ± 770 μg/ml. Azithromycin achieved significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations in AM than levofloxacin at all sampling times. The concentrations in ELF and AM following intravenous administration of levofloxacin and azithromycin were higher than concentrations in plasma. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of such high intrapulmonary concentrations in patients with respiratory tract infections.
Annotating Character Relationships in Literary Texts

We present a dataset of manually annotated relationships between characters in literary texts, in order to support the training and evaluation of automatic methods for relation type prediction in this domain (Makazhanov et al., 2014; Kokkinakis, 2013) and the broader computational analysis of literary character (Elson et al., 2010; Bamman et al., 2014; Vala et al., 2015; Flekova and Gurevych, 2015). In this work, we solicit annotations from workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk for 109 texts ranging from Homer's _Iliad_ to Joyce's _Ulysses_ on four dimensions of interest: for a given pair of characters, we collect judgments as to the coarse-grained category (professional, social, familial), fine-grained category (friend, lover, parent, rival, employer), and affinity (positive, negative, neutral) that describes their primary relationship in a text. We do not assume that this relationship is static; we also collect judgments as to whether it changes at any point in the course of the text.
A Novel Calibration Method of Magnetic Compass Based on Ellipsoid Fitting

Magnetic compass is widely used to indicate the heading of vehicle by measuring the Earth's magnetic field. However, it suffers from local magnetic interferences; thus, the calibration of the magnetic compass is very essential before it is used. The traditional calibration methods require reference information and special requirements such as keeping the magnetic compass level during calibration, which is very difficult to manage outdoor. This paper presents an efficient method for calibrating the magnetic compass without the aforementioned traditional requirements. This method is based on the fact that the error model of magnetic compass is an ellipsoid, and a constraint least-square method is adopted to estimate the parameters of an ellipsoid by rotating the magnetic compass in various (random) orientations. This method can estimate all the parameters of the error model and compensate errors caused by sensor defects, hard-iron interferences, and soft-iron interferences. Although the calibration parameters are relative values, it does not have any influence on the heading calculated. The experimental results show that this method is effective in calibrating the magnetic compass, and the heading precision of the magnetic compass acquired after calibration is better than 0.4°.