Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TDDB and polarity-dependent reliability of high-quality, ultrathin CVD HfO/sub 2/ gate stack with TaN gate electrode

In this letter, we present a comprehensive study on longterm reliability of ultrathin TaN-gated chemical vapor deposition gate stack with EOT=8.5-10.5. It is found that, due to the asymmetric band structure of HfO/sub 2/ gate stack with an interfacial layer, the HfO/sub 2/ gate stack shows polarity-dependent leakage current, critical defect density, and defect generation rate, under gate and substrate injection. However, no such polarity dependence of time-to-breakdown (T/sub BD/) is observed when T/sub BD/ is plotted as a function of gate voltage. The 10-year lifetime of an HfO/sub 2/ gate stack is projected to be Vg=-1.63 V for the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) =8.6 and Vg=-1.88 V for EOT=10.6 at 25/spl deg/C. These excellent reliability characteristics are attributed to reduced leakage current of HfO/sub 2/ gate stack with physically thicker films that result in larger critical defect density and Weibull slope to that of SiO/sub 2/ for the same EOT. However, at 150/spl deg/C, and with area scaling to 0.1 cm/sup 2/ and low percentile of 0.01%, the maximum allowed voltages are projected to Vg=-0.6 V and -0.75 V for EOT of 8.6, and 10.6, respectively.
The dual role of friendship and antipathy relations in the marginalization of overweight children in their peer networks: The TRAILS Study

Weight-based stigma compromises the social networks of overweight children. To date, research on the position of overweight children in their peer network has focused only on friendship relations, and not on negative relationship dimensions. This study examined how overweight was associated with relations of friendship and dislike (antipathies) in the peer group. Exponential random graph models (ERGM) were used to examine friendship and antipathy relations among overweight children and their classmates, using a sub-sample from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (N = 504, M age 11.4). Findings showed that overweight children were less likely to receive friendship nominations, and were more likely to receive dislike nominations. Overweight children were also more likely than their non-overweight peers to nominate classmates that they disliked. Together, the results indicate that positive and negative peer relations are impacted by children’s weight status, and are relevant to addressing the social marginalization of overweight children.
Distinct Functions of STARCH SYNTHASE 4 Domains in Starch Granule Formation1[OPEN]

In Arabidopsis leaves, the catalytic C-terminal region of STARCH SYNTHASE 4 promotes starch granule initiation while its noncatalytic N-terminal region determines starch granules morphology. The formation of normal starch granules in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf chloroplasts requires STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4). In plants lacking SS4, chloroplasts typically produce only one round granule rather than multiple lenticular granules. The mechanisms by which SS4 determines granule number and morphology are not understood. The N-terminal region of SS4 is unique among SS isoforms and contains several long coiled-coil motifs, typically implicated in protein-protein interactions. The C-terminal region contains the catalytic glucosyltransferase domains, which are widely conserved in plant SS and bacterial glycogen synthase (GS) isoforms. We investigated the specific roles of the N- and C-terminal regions of SS4 by expressing truncated versions of SS4 and a fusion between the N-terminal region of SS4 and GS in the Arabidopsis ss4 mutant. Expression of the N-terminal region of SS4 alone did not alter the ss4 mutant phenotype. Expression of the C-terminal region of SS4 alone increased granule initiation but did not rescue their aberrant round morphology. Expression of a self-priming GS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens also increased the number of round granules. Remarkably, fusion of the N-terminal region of SS4 to A. tumefaciens GS restored the development of wild-type-like lenticular starch granules. Interestingly, the N-terminal region of SS4 alone or when fused to GS conferred a patchy subchloroplastic localization similar to that of the full-length SS4 protein. Considered together, these data suggest that, while the glucosyltransferase activity of SS4 is important for granule initiation, the N-terminal part of SS4 serves to establish the correct granule morphology by properly localizing this activity.
Inhibin A Production after Gonadotropin Stimulus: A New Method to Detect Ovarian Tissue in Ovotesticular Disorder of Sex Development

Background/Aims: While laboratory methods for the detection of testicular tissue are well standardized, currently there is no available test to demonstrate the presence of ovarian tissue. We evaluated the effectiveness of gonadal stimulation with luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for the detection of ovarian tissue in patients with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: Ten patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) as ovarian-positive controls, 10 with cryptorchidism (ovarian-negative controls), 13 patients with DSD of no defined etiology and 7 patients with ovotesticular DSD (true hermaphroditism, TH) were included in the study. They underwent a daily injection of both LH and FSH on 3 consecutive days. LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone and inhibin A were measured before treatment, 24 h after the 1st dose and 24 h after the 3rd dose. Results: Estradiol increased in all CAH and TH patients, with a median value of 155.1 and 92.6 pg/ml, respectively, after the 3rd injection. Inhibin A also increased in all CAH and TH patients, with a median value of 70.4 and 32.2 pg/ml, respectively, after the 3rd injection. There was no change in these hormones in the other groups. Conclusion: The LH/FSH stimulation test might be a useful method to detect the presence of ovarian tissue.
Are IgE Levels to Foods other than Rosaceae Predictive of Allergy in Lipid Transfer Protein-Hypersensitive Patients?

Background: Lipid transfer protein (LTP), the most frequent cause of primary food allergy in Italy, is a cross-reacting plant pan-allergen. Markers able to predict whether a patient sensitized to a certain food but not yet clinically allergic will develop allergy would be extremely helpful. Objective: It was the aim of this study to investigate the relevance of IgE levels to some plant foods other than Rosaceae as predictors of either local or systemic allergic reaction in LTP-allergic subjects. Methods: One hundred (40 males, 60 females , mean age 29 years) peach-allergic patients monosensitized to LTP seen at 14 Italian centres in 2009 were studied. Walnut, hazelnut, peanut, tomato, rice and/or maize allergy was ascertained by interview and confirmed by positive skin prick test. IgE levels to these foods and to rPru p 3 were measured. Results: Higher levels of IgE to Pru p 3 were associated with a higher prevalence of allergy to hazelnut, peanut and walnut. For all study foods, except rice, median IgE levels in allergic subjects significantly exceeded those in tolerant subjects, though within single allergic groups, the differences between patients reporting systemic or local (oral) symptoms were not significant. Ninety-five percent cut-off IgE levels predictive of clinical allergy were established for study foods although the marked overlaps between allergic and tolerant subjects made them of limited usefulness. Conclusion: Specific IgE levels are only partially predictive of clinical allergy. The reasons why some individuals showing low specific IgE levels develop clinical allergy whereas others showing high IgE levels do not, despite similar exposure to the allergen, remain unclear.
New Bioactive Chalcones in Propolis from El Salvador

2′,3′-Dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxychalcone (1) and 2′,3′,4-trihydroxy-4′-methoxy-chalcone, two new chalcones, were isolated from propolis from El Salvador. The compounds showed significant antibacterial ana antifunfag activity and moderate toxicity to Artemia salina nauplii
Psychological factors influencing religious congregation members’ reporting of alleged sexual abuse

ABSTRACT The sexual abuse of children within religious institutions has become a topic of increasing public concern in recent decades. However, to date there has been little in the way of psychological analyses of the processes by which congregation members judge the credibility of alleged abuses, or whether they would intend to report such allegations to the police. In this study, we examined the roles of ingroup identity, moral foundations, and social dominance orientation on reporting intentions and allegation credibility assessments among Church of England congregation members (n = 454) and non-religious controls (n = 457). While there were few predictors of reporting intentions, we found that churchgoers were consistently more sceptical of allegations of abuse, with these trends being differentially moderated by ingroup identification, the endorsement of various moral impulses, and anti-egalitarianism. We discuss our data in light of ongoing attempts to improve reporting procedures within the Church.
Greek ts/dz as Internally Complex Segments: Phonological and Phonetic Evidence

The “affricate dream” of Householder (1964), in which Modern Greek ts/dz are reduced to clusters of independently occurring segments (thus, ts is analyzed as /t + s/), is examined here in the light of two types of evidence not previously considered: instrumental measurements of the duration of the sounds in question ∗ This paper was written over 20 years ago, based on work that began in 1986, and it was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America in New Orleans in December 1988. It was originally intended for publication in a planned OSU WPL volume on Greek that never materialized, and the authors turned their attention to other projects. Since relatively little has been published in the intervening two decades on this particular issue in Greek phonology using the sort of evidence presented here (from instrumental phonetics and dialectal sound changes), it was thought appropriate to dust this off and present it in this form to the linguistic world. This decision is justified by the fact that the 1988 LSA presentation has been cited in the most definitive survey of research on Greek phonetics to date, Arvaniti (2007), where the author (pp. 114-117) summarizes the body of studies—four in all—that have dealt with the phonetics of the vexing problem of ts and dz in Greek: (her own) Arvaniti (1987), the LSA presentation Joseph & Lee (1988), Fourakis, Botinis, & Nigrianaki (2002), and Tserdanelis (2005). Also relevant are the as-yet unpublished Fourakis 2004 (based on Fourakis et al. 2002) and Joseph & Tserdanelis 2006. Work on the phonology of these sounds has been summarized recently by Malikouti-Drachman (2001). In part since the results of this paper have been cited in its 1988 (and largely unavailable) form, it seemed best to offer this version with little updating from a theoretical perspective, though with some bibliographic updating. In any case, moreover, it is our belief that the facts pointing to the analysis offered here should be of interest to phonologists of any theoretical persuasion and should be able to be fit into any theoretical framework. We owe a huge “thank you” to Marivic Lesho for her careful editing and for her work on making Figure 1 and to Adam Clark-Joseph for invaluable help with some of the statistics. BRIAN D. JOSEPH & GINA M. LEE 2 compared with related sounds, and the proper formulation of a dissimilatory dialectal sound change. This evidence shows that the best analysis recognizes these sounds as single segments but with internal complexity, as suggested, but not overtly argued for, in Joseph & Philippaki-Warburton (1987).
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection in Childhood: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Knowledge of baseline risk of urinary tract infection can help clinicians make informed diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children by age, gender, race, and circumcision status. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles about pediatric urinary tract infection. Search terms included urinary tract infection, cystitis, pyelonephritis, prevalence and incidence. We included articles in our review if they contained data on the prevalence of UTI in children 0–19 years of age presenting with symptoms of UTI. Of the 51 articles with data on UTI prevalence, 18 met all inclusion criteria. Two evaluators independently reviewed, rated, and abstracted data from each article. Results: Among infants presenting with fever, the overall prevalence (and 95% confidence interval) of UTI was 7.0% (CI: 5.5–8.4). The pooled prevalence rates of febrile UTIs in females aged 0–3 months, 3–6 months, 6–12 months, and >12 months was 7.5%, 5.7%, 8.3%, and 2.1% respectively. Among febrile male infants less than 3 months of age, 2.4% (CI: 1.4–3.5) of circumcised males and 20.1% (CI: 16.8–23.4) of uncircumcised males had a UTI. For the 4 studies that reported UTI prevalence by race, UTI rates were higher among white infants 8.0% (CI: 5.1–11.0) than among black infants 4.7% (CI: 2.1–7.3). Among older children (<19 years) with urinary symptoms, the pooled prevalence of UTI (both febrile and afebrile) was 7.8% (CI: 6.6–8.9). Conclusions: Prevalence rates of UTI varied by age, gender, race, and circumcision status. Uncircumcised male infants less than 3 months of age and females less than 12 months of age had the highest baseline prevalence of UTI. Prevalence estimates can help clinicians make informed decisions regarding diagnostic testing in children presenting with signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection.
Augmented gallery guide

The possibility of creating museum guides utilizing not just audio or textual information leads to emerging of new augmented and multimedia solutions. In this work in progress paper we want to propose Augmented Gallery Guide developed for the common smartphone device with the Android operating system. The guide combines the audio with the augmented reality and creates an emerging user experience. This paper discusses several technical issues of the creation of the guide, especially the recognition of the exponates.
Economic and Health Impacts of Narrower Health Inequalities in Australia

Objective: to estimate the health and economic impacts of narrower health inequalities in Australia. The health impacts are measured in terms of improved mortality and disability rates, and the economic impacts in terms of lower government expenditures on health care costs and on the disability support pension. Material and methods: this paper reports on an application of a dynamic microsimulation model which accounts – amongst many other variables for the links between Australians' socioeconomic status and their health. The full model simulates individuals’ life cycles over a 20 to 30 year period. Its base year data was developed using a 1 per cent unit record Census sample of the Australian population. Health is proxied by linked mortality and disability equations, accounting for the fact that healthy people generally live longer than the disabled. For socioeconomic status the analyst can choose from four types of indicators. Results: if a policy was implemented which resulted in the lifting of the health status of all Australians to that of the most affluent 20% in the population, then close to one million fewer Australians are estimated to be disabled, over 180,000 life years could be saved, health care costs would be around A$3 billion lower and the government could save close to A$1 billion on the disability support pension. Conclusion: the narrowing of health inequalities at the national level has the potential to deliver, in the longer term, considerable health and cost saving benefits.
Opening remarks: monetary policy since the onset of the crisis

When we convened in Jackson Hole in August 2007, the Federal Open Market Committee’s (FOMC) target for the federal funds rate was 5.25 percent. Sixteen months later, with the financial crisis in full swing, the FOMC had lowered the target for the federal funds rate to nearly zero, thereby entering the unfamiliar territory of having to conduct monetary policy with the policy interest rate at its effective lower bound. The unusual severity of the recession and ongoing strains in financial markets made the challenges facing monetary policy maker all the greater.
Evaluation of the BD Max MRSA XT Assay for Use with Different Swab Types

ABSTRACT We evaluated the performance of the BD Max MRSA XT assay for use with different swab types. The 90% detection rates (95% confidence intervals) were 387 (97 to 1,551), 877 (238 to 3,230), 986 (183 to 5,287), 1,292 (328 to 5,078), 2,400 (426 to 13,518), and 5,848 (622 to 55,021) CFU/swab for Liquid Stuart, Liquid Amies, dry, Amies Gel without charcoal, ESwab collection, and Amies gel with charcoal swabs (Becton Dickinson), respectively. Amies Gel without charcoal, ESwab collection, and Amies gel with charcoal swabs had a tendency to be less sensitive, but none of the differences was statistically significant.
Identification of circo-like virus-Brazil genomic sequences in raw sewage from the metropolitan area of São Paulo: evidence of circulation two and three years after the first detection

BACKGROUND Two novel viruses named circo-like virus-Brazil (CLV-BR) hs1 and hs2 were previously discovered in a Brazilian human fecal sample through metagenomics. CLV-BR hs1 and hs2 possess a small circular DNA genome encoding a replication initiator protein (Rep), and the two genomes exhibit 92% nucleotide identity with each other. Phylogenetic analysis based on the Rep protein showed that CLV-BRs do not cluster with circoviruses, nanoviruses, geminiviruses or cycloviruses. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to search for CLV-BR genomes in sewage and reclaimed water samples from the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil, to verify whether the first detection of these viruses was an isolated finding. METHODS Sewage and reclaimed water samples collected concomitantly during the years 2005-2006 were purified and concentrated using methodologies designed for the study of viruses. A total of 177 treated reclaimed water samples were grouped into five pools, as were 177 treated raw sewage samples. Nucleic acid extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and Sanger sequencing were then performed.e FINDINGS CLV-BR genomes were detected in two pools of sewage samples, p6 and p9. Approximately 28% and 51% of the CLV-BR genome was amplified from p6 and p9, respectively, including 76% of the Rep gene. The detected genomes are most likely related to CLV-BR hs1. Comparative analysis showed several synonymous substitutions within Rep-encoding sequences, suggesting purifying selection for this gene, as has been observed for other eukaryotic circular Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses. MAIN CONCLUSION The results therefore indicated that CLV-BR has continued to circulate in Brazil two and three years after first being detected.
Assessment of tidal volume and gas leak during mask ventilation of preterm infants in the delivery room

Aim The aim was to compare resuscitators' estimates of tidal volume (VT) and face mask leak with measured values during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) of newborn infants in the delivery room. Patients and methods The authors measured inflating pressures and VT delivered using a respiratory function monitor, and calculated face mask leak. After 60 s of PPV, resuscitators were asked to estimate VT and face mask leak. These estimates were compared with measurements taken during the previous 30 s. Results The authors studied 20 infants who received a mean (SD) of 21 (6) inflations during the 30 s. The median (IQR) expired tidal volume (VTe) delivered was 8.7 ml/kg (5.3–11.3). VTe varied widely during each resuscitation and between resuscitators. Five resuscitators could not estimate VTe, one overestimated and 14 underestimated their median delivered VTe. The median (IQR) face mask leak was 29% (16–63%). Leak also varied widely during each resuscitation and between resuscitators. One resuscitator could not estimate mask leak, four overestimated leak and 15 underestimated leak. Conclusion During face mask ventilation in the delivery room, VT and face mask leak were large and variable. The resuscitators were unable to accurately assess their face mask leak or delivered VT.
Differential Effects of Three Canonical Toxoplasma Strains on Gene Expression in Human Neuroepithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Strain type is one of the key factors suspected to play a role in determining the outcome of Toxoplasma infection. In this study, we examined the transcriptional profile of human neuroepithelioma cells in response to representative strains of Toxoplasma by using microarray analysis to characterize the strain-specific host cell response. The study of neural cells is of interest in light of the ability of Toxoplasma to infect the brain and to establish persistent infection within the central nervous system. We found that the extents of the expression changes varied considerably among the three strains. Neuroepithelial cells infected with Toxoplasma type I exhibited the highest level of differential gene expression, whereas type II-infected cells had a substantially smaller number of genes which were differentially expressed. Cells infected with type III exhibited intermediate effects on gene expression. The three strains also differed in the individual genes and gene pathways which were altered following cellular infection. For example, gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that type I infection largely affects genes related to the central nervous system, while type III infection largely alters genes which affect nucleotide metabolism; type II infection does not alter the expression of a clearly defined set of genes. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) suggests that the three lineages differ in the ability to manipulate their host; e.g., they employ different strategies to avoid, deflect, or subvert host defense mechanisms. These observed differences may explain some of the variation in the neurobiological effects of different strains of Toxoplasma on infected individuals.