Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host-feeding patterns of Culex annulirostris and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) at Charleville, southwestern Queensland, Australia.

Blood meals of 7552 mosquitoes of 13 species were identified from sylvan and urban areas of Charleville, southwestern Queensland, Australia, between 1976 and 1979. Over 80% of the meals identified were from Culex annulirostris, the major vector of Murray Valley encephalitis in Australia. The feeding patterns of Cx. annulirostris showed remarkable consistency between years, but the relative abundance of available hosts within and outside Charleville played a major role in influencing host selection. In sylvan sites mammalian feeding ranged from 85 to 93%, whereas in town sites where chickens were common this was reduced to between 57 and 67%. Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. australicus fed predominantly on birds (domestic poultry and passerines, respectively). Anopheles annulipes, An. amictus, and 6 Aedes spp. fed mainly on mammals, whereas Cx. (Lophoceraomyia) cylindricus fed predominantly on poikilotherms. These host-feeding data are in keeping with other studies in Australia suggesting that Cx. annulirostris prefers to feed on mammalian rather than avian blood if it is available.
Degradation and breakdown of 0.9 nm EOT SiO/sub 2/ ALD HfO/sub 2/metal gate stacks under positive constant voltage stress

By means of leakage current measurements, charge pumping and TDDB analysis, we construct a consistent model for the degradation and breakdown of 0.9 nm EOT atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO2. During degradation, traps and two-trap clusters are formed in the HfO 2 giving rise to considerable SILC. The two-trap clusters subsequently wear out, finally leading to an abrupt hard breakdown. We demonstrate that 0.9 nm EOT ALD HfO2 is intrinsically reliable under constant voltage stress if hard breakdown is used as a failure criterion
Gaze Behavior while Crossing Complex Intersections

Background. Crossing the street is a complex task that involves gathering, processing, and acting on information that is time dependent. The gaze behavior of subjects has been previously studied on increasingly complex and dynamic tasks such as making tea, walking indoors, and driving. The purpose of this study was to assess how normally sighted people use their vision to cross a street safely. Specifically, we identified the environmental features people look at when crossing two types of intersections. Method. We measured the eye movements and head directions of 12 normally sighted people as they approached, evaluated, and crossed a light-controlled “plus” intersection and a roundabout. The primary measures were percentage of fixations and head direction. Results. Crossing the street can be divided into three phases, walking to the curb, standing at the curb, and crossing the street. We found that while moving, subjects fixated primarily on crossing elements and when standing at the curb, they fixated primarily on vehicles. At the plus intersection, fixation behavior corresponded with crossing strategy; the subjects who crossed early fixated on cars, and the subjects who waited for the light to change fixated on traffic controls. At the roundabout, all subjects determined an appropriate time to cross from vehicular traffic flow by directing the majority of their fixations on cars. When moving, the head position of subjects was predominately centered. Subjects also made head turns in both directions before crossing and directed the head toward the danger zone while crossing. Conclusion. Crossing the street is a complex task that can be described in three phases. Common head and eye behaviors were found near the critical moments of crossing the street. Fixation behavior was closely related to street crossing behavior.
Text mining stackoverflow: An insight into challenges and subject-related difficulties faced by computer science learners

Purpose – The use of social media and in particular community Question Answering (Q & A) websites by learners has increased significantly in recent years. The vast amounts of data posted on these sites provide an opportunity to investigate the topics under discussion and those receiving most attention. The purpose of this paper is to automatically analyse the content of a popular computer programming Q & A website, StackOverflow (SO), determine the exact topics of posted Q & As, and narrow down their categories to help determine subject difficulties of learners. By doing so, the authors have been able to rank identified topics and categories according to their frequencies, and therefore, mark the most asked about subjects and, hence, identify the most difficult and challenging topics commonly faced by learners of computer programming and software development. Design/methodology/approach – In this work the authors have adopted a heuristic research approach combined with a text mining approach to investigat.
Fünf Jahre SGB II: Eine IAB-Bilanz - Der Arbeitsmarkt hat profitiert

 Damit das SGB II dauerhaft er­ folgreich ist, muss es in Zukunft deutlich haufiger als bisher gelin­ gen, Langzeitbezieher in bedarfs­ deckende Beschaftigung zu bringen. Dazu mussen jedoch auch andere Politikbereiche ihren Teil beitragen. Bereits vor einem Jahr hatte das IAB eine vorlaufige Bilanz der Forschungen zum Sozialgesetzbuch II gezogen. Die Grundtendenz der Einschatzungen war positiv, auch wenn bei der Frage, ob das SGB II die Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben durch Aktivierung zu fordern vermag, ein gemischtes Bild gezeichnet wurde. Zum funften Jahrestag von „Hartz IV“ – in der Offentlichkeit ein Synonym fur dieses Gesetz – prasentiert das IAB nun neue Befunde, die vor allem Aufschluss daruber geben, wer unter welchen Bedingungen den Ausstieg aus dem Leistungsbezug schafft bzw. woran dieser scheitert.
Successful cadaveric renal transplantation of patients highly sensitized to HLA Class I antigens

The purpose of our investigation was to evaluate long‐term graft survival and the role of histocompatibility in patients who were highly sensitized to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I antigens and received a cadaveric renal transplant. Our multi‐institutional study evaluated 7‐yr graft outcomes and the histocompatibility requirements of 61 (6.1%) highly sensitized (anti‐human globulin panel reactive antibody [AHG PRA], ≥80%) cadaveric renal transplantation patients, transplanted between 1988 and 1997, among 999 consecutive cadaveric renal transplants.One‐ and 7‐yr graft survival in the high PRA group (n=61) was 76 and 59%, and was not significantly different from that in the low PRA group (n=938), 86 and 59% (Wilcoxon=0.11; log‐rank=0.45) (died with a functioning graft [DWFG] not censored). When those data were divided into primary and regrafts, 1‐ and 7‐yr graft outcomes for high and low PRA groups were not significantly different [(primary, 1‐ and 7‐yr survival: high PRA=83 and 74%, n=30, and low PRA=87 and 61%, n=825; log‐rank=0.37 for DWFG not censored) (regrafts, 1‐ and 7‐yr survival: high PRA=70 and 42%, n=31, and low PRA=80 and 43%, n=113; log‐rank=0.36 for DWFG not censored)]. We did observe a subgroup of the high PRA patient group that had inferior graft outcomes. Graft outcome at 1 and 6 yr in the high PRA group for patients who had one to two DR mismatches (65 and 50%, n=41) was significantly worse than for high PRA patients who had zero DR mismatches with their donors (100 and 78%, n=20) (log‐rank=0.01 for DWFG not censored). Furthermore, the mean number of HLA‐A and ‐B mismatches was significantly greater in the high PRA/DR‐mismatched group (1.7±1.2, n=41) compared with the high PRA/zero DR‐mismatched group (0.5±1.1, n=19) (p<0.001). Overall, these data suggest that the patient who is highly sensitized to HLA Class I antigens has a long‐term graft outcome that is equivalent to less sensitized patients, but that HLA‐DR mismatching and a higher degree of Class I mismatching may be poor prognostic indicators in such patients.
Byte unidirectional error correcting codes

Efficient byte unidirectional error correcting codes that are better than byte symmetric error correcting codes are presented. The encoding and decoding algorithms are discussed. Lower bounds on the number of check bits for byte unidirectional error correcting codes are derived, and it is shown that the codes given here are close to optimal. Codes for asymmetric errors are also described. <<ETX>>
Eating Patterns in Young Women With IDDM: Another Look

Recent investigations have raised concerns regarding the prevalence of eating disorders, e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia, among individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (1-3). With few exceptions, however, reports of eating disorders among individuals with IDDM have been limited to case studies (4-6). In one of the few investigations that included a large sample of adolescents, Wing et al. (4) presented data supporting a view of normal eating habits among adolescents with IDDM. Youngsters with IDDM did not differ from nondiabetic youth on measures assessing eating disturbances, with the exception of a dieting subscale on which the IDDM adolescents scored higher. As the authors aptly noted, the greater endorsement of dietary items (e.g., "I avoid foods with sugar") likely reflected the adolescents' adherence to their diabetes regimen rather than an eating disturbance. Adolescents with IDDM did not differ from the control sample on the prevalence of problems with oral control or bulimia. Note, however, that bulimic behavior was related to poor glycemic control among the adolescents, a finding consistent with other very recent investigations (5,6). Bulimic behavior generally refers to a pattern of "binge eating" or consuming excessive calories at one time, often accompanied by feelings of guilt and efforts to eliminate the caloric intake by "purging" (e.g., self-induced vomiting and/or use of diuretics and laxatives). Even subclinical manifestations of eating disorders may present serious psychosocial problems and interfere with normal functioning (7,8). Wingetal. (4) emphasized the need for further research with clinical interviews to obtain a better understanding of eating problems among individuals with IDDM.
A Study of Admissions to an Independent Medium Secure Hospital

A study was conducted of 142 admissions to Stockton Hall Hospital, a private hospital offering medium secure psychiatric treatment. The study examines the characteristics of patients admitted to Stockton Hall Hospital in comparison with patients admitted to National Health Service secure psychiatric facilities. Stockton Hall Hospital demonstrated an increased flexibility as to the types of patients it was prepared to accept, particularly relating to difficult and non-offender patients. There is discussion of how the private sector may be meeting a national need, resulting from the inadequacies within the National Health Service, for psychiatric patients requiring treatment in conditions of security.
The effect of high pressure at subzero temperature on proteins solubility, drip loss and texture of fish (cod and salmon) and mammal’s (pork and beef) meat

One of the possibilities of using high-pressure technique in inactivation of microorganism is conducting this process at subzero temperature. However, for its practical application in meat preservation the appropriate properties of meat should be maintained. Therefore, the aim of this work was to examine the effect of pressure at subzero temperature (without freezing of water) on proteins and texture of mammal’s and cold-adapted fish meat. The data showed that cod and salmon meat proteins were more susceptible to pressure-induced denaturation/aggregation than beef and pork proteins. Glucose and saccharose exerted protective effect on fish meat proteins treated with pressure of 111 MPatc and −10 ℃ but not at 193 MPatc and −20 ℃. The pressure treatment under the latter conditions increased cook loss of fish meat but not of mammal’s meat. However, after cooking the hardness of all kinds of pressurized meat was at the same level as that for unpressurized cooked samples.
A comparison of standardized measures of psychosocial variables with single-item screening measures used in an urban obstetric clinic.

OBJECTIVE To compare standardized, psychometrically sound measures of psychosocial variables and physical violence with single-item measures currently used for screening purposes in an obstetric clinic. STUDY DESIGN Two hundred multiethnic women were interviewed during scheduled prenatal visits at an urban perinatal center. Participants previously completed a standard perinatal self-administered inventory, which included several single-item psychosocial questions. Medical and obstetric history, current risk factors, and intrapartum complications were collected from medical records. RESULTS Correlational analyses indicated that single-item self-report measures were more appropriate for certain types of variables than for others. Specifically, for anxiety, depression, and social support, single-item measures were significantly correlated with standardized, psychometrically sound measures, whereas this was not true for stress and domestic violence. CONCLUSION It may be appropriate to rely on self-reported single-item measures to detect some psychosocial risk factors in clinical settings for the purposes of referral. When assessing for domestic violence, single-item measures may not be adequate, as personal interviews using a standardized, psychometrically sound measure resulted in higher rates of reporting.
Bub1 Multitasking in Mitosis

Accurate partition of duplicated genetic material to the daughter cells during mitosis relies on the maintenance of the physical linkage (cohesion) between sister chromatids until their bipolar attachment to the mitotic spindle. In response to a single straying chromatid within a cell, a surveillance mechanism called the spindle checkpoint blocks the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C), stabilizes securin (an APC/C substrate and an inhibitor of separase), and delays the activation of separase. This in turn prevents cleavage of cohesin by separase, preserves sister chromatid cohesion, and delays the onset of anaphase. The protein kinase, Bub1, is a key component of the spindle checkpoint. Bub1 has an upstream function in regulating the kinetochore localization of Mad2 and other downstream checkpoint components. In addition, recent biochemical studies have shown that Bub1 directly phosphorylates the APC/C activator, Cdc20, and inhibits APC/C. Finally, Bub1 has a non-checkpoint function at the kinetochores and preserves centromeric cohesion through the MEI-S332/shugoshin family of proteins. Therefore, Bub1 performs multiple tasks in mitosis that ensure the proper inheritance of chromosomes.
Individual functions of the HAK and TRK potassium transporters of Schwanniomyces occidentalis

We have cloned the gene encoding the TRK transporter of the soil yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis and obtained the HAK1 trk1Δ and the hak1Δ TRK1 mutant strains. Analyses of the transport capacities of these mutants have shown that (i) the HAK1 and the TRK1 potassium transporters are the only transporters operating at low and medium K+ concentrations (< 1 mM); (ii) the HAK1 transporter is functional at low pH but fails at high pH; and (iii) the TRK1 transporter functions at neutral and high pH and fails at low pH. At neutral pH, both transporters are functional, but HAK1 is not expressed, except at very low K+ concentrations (< 50 µM) where HAK1 is very effective. TRK1 is also involved in the control of the membrane potential.
DNA damage in normally and prematurely aged mice

Steady‐state levels of spontaneous DNA damage, the by‐product of normal metabolism and environmental exposure, are controlled by DNA repair pathways. Incomplete repair or an age‐related increase in damage production and/or decline in repair could lead to an accumulation of DNA damage, increasing mutation rate, affecting transcription, and/or activating programmed cell death or senescence. These consequences of DNA damage metabolism are highly conserved, and the accumulation of lesions in the DNA of the genome could therefore provide a universal cause of aging. An important corollary of this hypothesis is that defects in DNA repair cause both premature aging and accelerated DNA damage accumulation. While the former has been well‐documented, the reliable quantification of the various lesions thought to accumulate in DNA during aging has been a challenge. Here, we quantified inhibition of long‐distance PCR as a measure of DNA damage in liver and brain of both normal and prematurely aging, DNA repair defective mice. The results indicate a marginal, but statistically significant, increase in spontaneous DNA damage with age in normal mouse liver but not in brain. Increased levels of DNA damage were not observed in the DNA repair defective mice. We also show that oxidative lesions do not increase with age. These results indicate that neither normal nor premature aging is accompanied by a dramatic increase in DNA damage. This suggests that factors other than DNA damage per se, for example, cellular responses to DNA damage, are responsible for the aging phenotype in mice.
Novel INHAT Repressor (NIR) is required for early lymphocyte development

Significance Novel inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase repressor (NIR) is a transcriptional corepressor that can bind to p53 at promoters and suppress p53-transcriptional activity by inhibiting histone acetylation. We found that lymphoid-restricted deletion of NIR resulted in the absence of mature B and T lymphocytes, which is partially, but not completely, rescued by the combined deletion of p53 with NIR. Thus, NIR cooperates with p53 to impose a checkpoint for the generation of mature B and T lymphocytes in vivo. Further delineation of additional protein interactions with NIR may lead to the better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, and lymphocyte differentiation. Novel inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase repressor (NIR) is a transcriptional corepressor with inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase activity and is a potent suppressor of p53. Although NIR deficiency in mice leads to early embryonic lethality, lymphoid-restricted deletion resulted in the absence of double-positive CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, whereas bone-marrow-derived B cells were arrested at the B220+CD19− pro–B-cell stage. V(D)J recombination was preserved in NIR-deficient DN3 double-negative thymocytes, suggesting that NIR does not affect p53 function in response to physiologic DNA breaks. Nevertheless, the combined deficiency of NIR and p53 provided rescue of DN3L double-negative thymocytes and their further differentiation to double- and single-positive thymocytes, whereas B cells in the marrow further developed to the B220+CD19+ pro–B-cell stage. Our results show that NIR cooperate with p53 to impose checkpoint for the generation of mature B and T lymphocytes.
Does the differential seedling mortality caused by slugs alter the foliar traits and subsequent susceptibility of hybrid willows to a generalist herbivore?

Abstract 1. Many Salicaceae species naturally form hybrid swarms with parental and hybrid taxa that differ in secondary chemical profile and in resistance to herbivores. Theoretically, the differential mortality in the seedling stage can lead to changes in trait expression and alter subsequent interactions between plants and herbivores. This study examines whether herbivory by the generalist slug Arion subfuscus, which causes extensive mortality in young willow seedlings, causes shifts in (a) the foliar chemistry of F2 willow hybrids (Salix sericea and Salix eriocephala), and (b) the subsequent susceptibility to Japanese Beetles, Popillia japonica.
User Experience of Panoramic Video in CAVE-like and Head Mounted Display Viewing Conditions

Panoramic 360 video is a rapidly growing part of interactive TV viewing experience due to the increase of both production by consumers and professionals and the availability of consumer headsets used to view it. Recent years have also seen proposals for the development of home systems that could ultimately approximate CAVE-like experiences. The question arises as to the nature of the user experience of viewing panoramic video in head mounted displays compared to CAVE-like systems. User preference seems hard to predict. Accordingly, this study took a qualitative approach to describing user experience of viewing a panoramic video on both platforms, using a thematic analysis. Sixteen users tried both viewing conditions and equal numbers expressed preferences for each display system. The differences in user experience by viewing condition are discussed in detail via themes emerging from the analysis.
Mood disorders in HIV infection: prevalence and risk factors in a nonepicenter of the AIDS epidemic.

OBJECTIVE The authors studied the lifetime, initial cross-sectional, and 6-month follow-up prevalence of mood disorders in asymptomatic HIV-infected and uninfected homosexual men who lived in an area with a low prevalence of HIV. They also determined the relationship between current major depression and potential depression risk factors. METHOD Subjects included 98 asymptomatic HIV-infected and 71 uninfected homosexual men. Subjects underwent extensive clinical, psychiatric, neuropsychological, and laboratory evaluations. RESULTS Similar proportions of HIV-infected and uninfected subjects reported a lifetime (29% and 45%, respectively), an initial current (8% and 3%), and a 6-month follow-up (9% and 11%) history of major depressive disorder. Anxiety disorders were less common, with similar proportions of HIV-infected and uninfected subjects reporting a lifetime (7% and 13%, respectively), an initial current (3% and 7%), and a 6-month follow-up (2% and 5%) history of anxiety disorders. There were no differences in the severity of mood symptoms between HIV-infected and uninfected subjects. Current major depression at initial visit was significantly associated with lifetime history of major depression but not with neuropsychological function or vitamin B12 level. CONCLUSIONS These findings are in agreement with previous studies of areas with a high prevalence of HIV. However, the proportion of subjects with mood disorders is high compared with general population studies. Both HIV-infected and uninfected homosexual men may be at high risk for major depression, especially if they have a past history of depression. Moreover, in the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection, major depression does not appear to be secondary to HIV central nervous system effects or low vitamin B12 levels.
Genomic association analysis identifies multiple loci influencing antihypertensive response to an angiotensin II receptor blocker.

The interesting article by Turner et al1 concerns the pharmacogenomics of the angiotensin receptor blocker Candesartan and the validation of the associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms by their opposite direction associations with blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide. We are also performing a pharmacogenomic study of the angiotensin receptor blocker Losartan2 and hydrochlorothiazide in a slightly larger sample of white-only, essential hypertensives, carefully recruited …