Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria

Bu calismada, Nijeryanin Kwara Eyaletindeki iki barajdan (Asa ve Ilorin Universitesi), elde edilen Clarias gariepinus turu baliklarin dokularindaki agir metal kirlenme seviyeleri belirledi. Ortalama 149-154 g agirlik ile toplam uzunluk 28-34 cm arasindaki erkek ve disi balik ornekleri Eylul-Aralik 2018 aylari arasinda toplanmistir. Iki barajdan elde edilen orneklerin et, kalp, bobrek ve karacigerlerindeki bakir (Cu), cinko (Zn), kadmiyum (Cd), krom (Cr) ve kursun (Pb) duzeyleri Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrofotometresi (AAS) kullanilarak belirlendi. Sonuclar, Asa ve Unilorin barajlarindan orneklenen dokulardaki agir metal kontaminasyonunun, Cinko> Bakir> Krom seklinde oldugunu gosterdi. Kadmiyum ve kursun tespit edilmedi. Ayrica, Asa barajindan elde edilen C. gariepinus orneklerindeki agir metal konsantrasyonlarinin, Unilorin barajindan alinan orneklerden daha yuksek oldugu belirlenmistir. Vucut agirligi, toplam uzunluk ve yas daha yuksek agir metal duzeyine yatkinliga neden olurken, cinsiyet agir metal duzeyini etkilememistir. Iki barajdan alinan C. gariepinus orneklerinde tespit edilen agir metal konsantrasyonu, WHO ve FAO tarafindan belirlenen sinirlari asmamistir. Bu nedenle bu barajlardan elde edilen baliklarin insan tuketimi icin saglikli oldugu kanaatine varilmistir.
Effects of exogenous melatonin and abscisic acid on osmotic adjustment substances of ‘Summer Black’ grape under drought stress

In this study, seedlings of grape ‘Summer Black’ were used as the experimental materials to investigate the effects of melatonin (MT) and abscisic acid (ABA) on osmotic adjustment substances under drought stress, by root irrigating 100μmol/L MT and spraying 50μmol/L ABA solutions before or during the drought treatment. The results showed that the content of malondialdehyde and relative conductivity were significantly lower in the MT group than that in the drought control group, and the contents of soluble protein and hydrogen peroxide were significantly higher in the ABA treatment than that in the drought control group. However, regardless of the application of ABA or MT, the relative water content in leaves did not change much. The results suggested that the concentration of exogenous substances and the sampling time were unsuitable to improve drought tolerant at 18d, which provided a theoretical basis for MT and ABA appliance in grape planting.
EFFECT OF THERMAL MANIPULATION DURING INCUBATION AND SPRAYING JAPANESE QUAIL EGGS WITH ASCORBIC ACID ON EMBRYOGENESIS AND PHSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF HATCH CHICKS

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of spraying ascorbic acid on Japanese quail eggs submitted to high temperature during4 to 14 days of incubation period on embryogenesis, hatchability, embryonic mortality rate and chick quality.Six hundred Japanese quaileggs were divided into two equal groups of 300 eggs each according to incubation temperature. In the first group: eggs were incubated at 37.5°C (thermoneutral incubation temperature NIT 37.5°C)and 65% relative humidity (RH)from 1 to 14 days of incubation. The second group: (high incubation temperatureHIT 41°C): Eggs were incubated at 37.5°C during the first 3 days of incubation and from day 4 to 14 incubation temperature (IT) was raised to 41°C and RH65% for three hours per day. The eggs were evenly divided into three ascorbic acid (AA) treatments. The first one was sprayed with distilled water (control AA0), while, the second and third groups were sprayed with solutions containing 15 and 30gAA/L, respectively.The results concluded that HIT group had the highest embryo weight, embryonic mortalities and lower hatchability% compared to NIT group. The chicks weight (g) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentration were significantly lower (P≤0.05) in HIT group compared toNIT group. Glucose level and heterophil: lymphocyte (H: L) ratio wereincreased significantly (P≤0.01) as affected by thermal manipulations.The embryonic development, embryonic viability as well as hatchability improved by spraying ascorbic acid as compared to the untreated group.Values of glucose, T3, RBCs, PCV% and HGB were significantly increased in the blood of hatching chicks by spraying AA solutionas compared to control while, residual yolk and H: L ratio was significantly(P≤0.05) decreased by spraying AA solution . The embryonic development, internal organs%, PCV% and HGB has been affected by interaction between incubation temperature and ascorbic acid. It could be concluded that, spraying eggs of Japanese quail exposed to heat stress with AA solutions (15 or 30 g/L) daily during4 to 14 days of incubation period, may be an alternative method to minimize embryos heat stress and maximize the embryonic viability as well as hatchability, immunity of hatched chicks and chick quality.
Influence of phytase supplementation on mineral retention, blood and bone minerals content in low phosphorus diet fed in Giriraja birds

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of phytase on mineral retention, blood and bone mineral content of low phosphorus diet fed in Giriraja birds supplied with ad libitum feed and water. Weighed and wing banded 420, day old chicks were randomly divided into seven groups(T1T7) with four replicates (R1-R4) in each group containing 15 birds in each replicate (60 chicks per treatment) and reared under deep litter system till 6 weeks of age and fed as per the recommendations of ICAR (2013). The diet in T1 (0.45% available P), T2 (0.35% aP), T3 (0.3% aP), T4 (0.35% aP) + Phytase (P) 500 FTU/kg, T5 (0.3% aP) + P 500 FTU/ kg, T6 (0.35% aP) + P1000 FTU/kg, T7 (0.3% aP) + P1000 FTU/kg. The data revealed that the addition of phytase enzyme in low phosphorus diet had significant (P≤0.05) effect on calcium and phosphorus retention and in bone Ca and P but there was no significant difference found in T4, T5, T6 and T7. Low blood Ca was observed in phytase fed birds. Whereas, the significant difference (P≤0.05) was observed in blood P concentration.
Evaluation of Pore Size and Surface Morphology during Devolatilization of Coconut Fiber and Sugarcane Bagasse

ABSTRACT The prospect of exhaustion of fossil fuels and climate change caused due to the extreme use of fossil fuel consequence shifting energy supply from fossil energy to renewable energy. India ranks the second-largest producer of agricultural products and generates huge quantities of agricultural crop residues. These agricultural residues are a promising source of energy producing components. The goal of the present investigation is to study the effect of biomass particle size and devolatilization temperature varied from 500°C to 800°C on pore size distribution, pore volume, surface area, surface morphology, and a structural parameter of the biomass char. The Scanning Electron Microscope images results reveal the variations in the surface morphology of coconut fiber and sugarcane bagasse biomass chars and the decreases of pore fractions with an increase in temperature. Biomass char samples are mesoporous and microporous in nature confirmed by Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) analysis, pore size ranging from 25 to 350 Å for mesoporous and 1.0 to 20 Å for microporous particles with open-ended adsorption-desorption isotherms and a substantial increase in BET surface area was observed at all the varied temperatures. A polynomial regression approach is adopted to find a relation between the pore volumes and pore size using thickness plot data to calculate the structural parameter. The structural parameter is a factor which predicts the behavior of Random Pore Model for char combustion kinetics. If the structural parameter is large then the model will result in a maximum reaction rate as the reaction proceeds, due to the growth of the size of the cylindrical pore causes an increase in the available surface area for reaction and results in an increase in the rate of reaction. Finally, as the reaction proceeds due to more pores interaction and pores overlapping, the available surface area decreases and therefore the rate decreases as the structural parameter value is smaller. The structural parameter estimated for mesopore size and micropore size ranges between 6.0 and 18.0 for Sugarcane Bagasse and 7.0 and 17.0 for coconut fiber particles.
Joining of blanks by cold pressure welding: Incremental rolling and strategies for surface activation and heat treatment

The cold pressure welding of metals is a joining by forming technique capable of joining both similar and dissimilar metals in their solid state. In this article collective research on the cold pressure welding of metals with the aim of increasing both the overall weld strength and the weld‐ability is presented. The application of innovative strategies based on electrochemical methods for an optimized conditioning of metal surfaces is investigated. The results account for a noticeable increase in the weld strength of steel‐aluminum joints after a surface activation consisting of either an electrochemical roughening or electrodeposition of a bifunctional organosilane thin film. In addition to the surface activation process regimes for the pre‐ and post‐welding heat treatment is investigated. Both weld strength and weld ability are improved due to heat treatments of steel sheets with various coatings and uncoated aluminium. The cold pressure welding is hereby done by incremental rolling, a new design process that allows for the manufacture of linear and curved joints between sheet metal blanks.
Effect of Boron Level and Time of Application on Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet

Two field experiments were carried out in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafrelsheikh Governorate (latitude of 31.10 N and longitude 30.93 E, at an elevation of 14 m above sea level) to find out to the appropriate fertilization level of boron and its application time on growth, yield and quality of sugar beet crop. The present work included twelve treatments represent the combinations of four levels of boron (zero, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and three application times of 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. Boron was sprayed on beets as a boric acid 17% boron. The experimental design was strip plot with four replicates, where vertical plots were occupied with boron levels, while the horizontal plots were devoted to the three application times. The results showed that increasing boron application to 100 and/or 150 ppm resulted in higher values of root diameter, root fresh weight/plant, foliage fresh weight/plant, sucrose%, sugar extractable% and quality index as well as root, top and sugar yields/fed, at harvesting time in both seasons, whilst sugar lost to molasses%, Na and K contents significantly decreased.It was found that boron application time had a significant effect on root diameter, root, and foliage fresh weight/plant as well as top yield/fed of sugar beet in both seasons, as well as sugar yield/fed in the 1 one, where the application time of 90 days achieved the highest values of the mentioned traits. However, root impurities (Na, K and α-amino-N) and sugar lost to molasses% were insignificantly affected by the time of boron application. The interaction between boron concentration and its application time significantly affected root fresh weight/plant in both seasons and root yield/fed in the 1 season only. The combination of (150 ppm boron fertilization at 90 days of sowing) attained the highest values of root fresh weight (9, 796 g and 1, 769 g) in the two seasons respectively, as well as the maximum root yield (60, 22 ton/fed) in the first season only. Under conditions of the present work, fertilizing beets with 100 and/or 150 ppm boron as foliar application at 90 days from sowing can be recommended to get the highest root and sugar yields/fed.
Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Moisture Stress under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels

Two field experiments were conducted at Farm of Sids Agricultural Research Station, Egypt, during 2013 and 2014 seasons to study the effect of different irrigation regimes (I1 = 100 %, I2 = 85 % and I3 = 70 % from irrigation requirements) and nitrogen levels (90, 120 and 150 kg N fed) on maize growth, yield and its yield attributes and some crop-water relationships. The most important results could be summarized as follows:Irrigated maize plants with full irrigation produced higher values of plant height, ear diameter, 100grain weight, weight of grains ear and grain yield as well as total amount of irrigation water applied, seasonal consumptive use and the net income. Irrigated maize plants with 80 % from irrigation requirements gave the highest values of water use efficiency and utilization efficiency.Supplied maize plants with 150 kg N fed induced highest values of the abovementioned growth, yield and its attributes and net income as well as improve seasonal consumptive use, water use efficiency and utilization efficiency.Irrigated maize plants with full irrigation requirements and supplied with 150 kg N fed produced highest yield and net income of maize plants.
Modification of montmorillonite clay with Cymbopogon citratus for the decontamination of zearalenone in millet

Montmorillonite clay due to its abundance and environmental friendliness, has several industrial applications among which is the adsorption of mycotoxins in foods and feeds as binding agents. Fungal species from the genus Fusarium produce zearalenone (ZEA); an oestrogenic compound, which has been implicated in hormonal and reproductive issues for both animal and man. In this study, various nanoformulations from montmorillonite clay and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) extracts were developed for the decontamination of ZEA in millet. The various formulations developed included montmorillonite clay and essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (Mont-LGEO), montmorillonite clay mixed with C. citratus (lemongrass) powder (Mont-LGP) and montmorillonite clay washed with 1 mM NaCl (Mont-Na). Unmodified montmorillonite clay (Mont) and C. citratus (lemongrass powder) (LGP) served as the negative controls for the treatment. Each of the formulations was exposed to millet grains at concentrations of 8 and 12% and stored for 4 weeks. All the formulations were effective in the decontamination of ZEA in millet after 4 weeks with LGP exposed at 12% recording the highest reduction of 98.3% while the second most effective formulation, Mont-LGP exposed at 12% showed a 66% reduction of ZEA in millet (p = 0.05).
Plackett–Burman experimental design for the removal of diazinon pesticide from aqueous system by magnetic bentonite nanocomposites

The present study demonstrates the effective removal of diazinon pesticide from aqueous solutions by means of magnetic bentonite nanocomposite. The product was characterized by advanced techniques like scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Operational parameters affecting the removal efficiency, including the pH level, contact time, agitation speed and adsorbent dose, were screened through Plackett-Burmann design to determine the significant factors. Then, significant parameters, including the pH level and adsorbent dose, were further optimized using Central Composite design to predict optimum removal conditions. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite for diazinon was found to be 92.50 %. The kinetic of pesticide sorption and equilibrium studies were performed. The experimental data could be well fitted to the Freundlich model. The magnetic bentonite nanocomposite was successfully applied for the uptake of diazinon from industrial wastewater and groundwater samples and separated easily by means of magnetic separation.
Exercise-Induced 4-Hydroxynonenal Alters Myotube Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Metabolism

Regular physical exercise is associated with numerous health benefits and physiological adaptations. Mild and reversible oxidative stress induced by skeletal muscle contractions during exercise can result in long-term systemic redox adaptations. However, strenuous exercise can alter redox homeostasis and induce oxidative damage to macromolecules triggering a chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation, yields formation of reactive aldehydes among which is biologically active 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). 4-HNE can easily diffuse through membranes and covalently binds to macromolecules, such as proteins, altering cellular functions. Still little is known about the possible pathophysiological role of exercise induced 4-HNE on mitochondrial performance. In this work the effect of a caffeine, frequently used as an effective ergogenic aid by athletes, on the myotube mitochondrial metabolism, signaling and cellular redox homeostasis was studied using mouse C2C12, rat L6 and human HSMM skeletal muscle cells. Furthermore, the role of 4-HNE on myotube redox homeostasis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitochondrial transcriptome and mitochondrial density was investigated. Finally, the effect of physical exercise on 4-HNE post-translational modifications of proteins was studied using skeletal muscle samples from exercised animals by genuine mass spectrometry method. Obtained data indicate that short and long-term stimulation of myotubes with caffeine promotes reactive oxygen species formation and peroxidation of lipids leading to formation of 4-HNE protein adducts. 4-HNE further altered cellular redox homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism and significantly increased mitochondrial density. Both caffeine and 4-HNE were found to regulate mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis gene expression. Finally, proteomics analysis of tissue samples from exercised mice revealed modifications of proteins susceptible to 6 oxidative stress. In conclusion, the findings signify the importance of skeletal muscle cells hormesis in response to acute stress and also suggest an important role of caffeine and 4-HNE on regulation of myotube’s metabolism and cellular energy production.
A Marcus-Hush perspective on adiabatic singlet fission

Singlet fission is a process whereby a bichromophoric system crosses from an excitonically coupled singlet state to a singlet-coupled triplet pair state. If the electronic structure is described locally, then the process may be described by a formal exchange of electrons. As such, it lends itself to a treatment rooted in the Marcus-Hush description of electron transfer. Here we use ab initio and density functional electronic structure theories to reveal a Marcus-Hush perspective on singlet fission and propose experiments to probe singlet fission in the spirit of photo-induced electron transfer.
Preparation of curcumin-carrying nanoemulsions using mono- and diacylglycerides enzymatically structured with bioactive fatty acids

Abstract Nanoemulsions (NE) are employed as carrier systems of lipophilic active compounds that have low bioavailability and need to be protected from the environment; such as curcumin. In this study, enzymatically prepared monoacylglycerides (MAG) and diacylglycerides (DAG) structured with three bioactive lipids: conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), and ω-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA). The highest amounts of MAG and DAG containing ω-3 (68.8%) were obtained at 75 °C, 3:1 substrate molar ratios (SMR), 15% of Novozyme 435 and 400 rpm for 90 min. MAG and DAG containing CLA (96.84%) were successfully produced at 40 °C, 1:1 w/w, 15% of lipase RMLM and 400 rpm, for 60 min. Finally, MCFA (95.16%) were prepared at 50 °C with a substrates ratio of 1:1 w/w, 5% of Novozyme 435, and 300 rpm for 30 min. Seven nanoemulsions were formulated using: MAG-ω-3, DAG-ω-3, MAG-CLA, and DAG-CLA individually, as well as reaction mixtures containing MAG and DAG, and MCFA. All exhibited desirable characteristics of average particle size (d < 200 nm), polydispersity index (PDI; <0.2) and zeta potential (≈−30 mV) and in most cases, the NE maintained their physical properties for up to 5 weeks. It was also determined that when using the reaction mixture containing a high percentage of MAG and DAG of each lipid, the resulting NE exhibited better performance. Practical applications Nanoemulsions are a new and novel carrier for the transportation of bioactive compounds that can be affected during digestion. Then, the use of the enzyme-catalysed synthesis of structured lipids as emulsifiers is an alternative for increasing the bioavailability of compounds such as curcumin.
Nitrate accumulation, productivity and photosynthesis of Brassica alboglabra grown under low light with supplemental LED lighting in the tropical greenhouse

Abstract Vegetables are a large source of nitrate (NO3−) in our diet. As NO2− is toxic to humans, it is undesirable to consume vegetables with high NO3− content. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing of red- and blue-LED lighting to B. alboglabra grown in the tropical greenhouse in terms of moderating NO3− accumulation, improving photosynthesis, and enhancing productivity. All plants were grown hydroponically in full nutrients under prevailing greenhouse conditions for 20 days (full sunlight). Thereafter, plants were subjected to three different light treatments for 12 days: full sunlight, shade, and shade supplemented with LEDs. The average midday photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) during the light treatment periods were 220 μmol m−2 s−1 (full sunlight), 55 μmol m−2 s−1 (shade), and 220 μmol m−2 s−1 (shade supplemented with LEDs). Shoot nitrate (NO3−) concentration increased significantly in plants grown in the shade. However, shoot NO3− concentration was reduced when plants were supplemented with red- and blue-LED lighting. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and productivity also improved in these plants. Our results suggest that supplemental red- and blue-LED lighting in a tropical greenhouse during periods of cloudy and hazy weather could improve productivity and nutrient quality of Chinese broccoli.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Leaves of Five Plant
Species as a Bioindicator of Steel Factory Pollution
and their Effects on Pigment Content

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of heavy metals resulting from steel factories and their impact on contents pigments in five plant species (Olea europaea L., Eucalyptus amygdalina, Nerium oleander L., Dodonaea viscosa, and Phragmites australis) in the city of Erbil. Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, Pb, Co, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and total protein were determined in leaves of plants away from the factory used as control (unpolluted site), and plants grown in the garden inside the steel factory (polluted site). The results revealed the significant higher accumulation of all heavy metals in all polluted plants in comparison with unpolluted plants. Higher concentrations of Fe, Zn, As, Pb and Co were recorded in leaves of Dodonaea viscosa, while Olea europaea L. found an accumulation of more concentration of Cu and Ni. The level of Mn is significantly higher in the leaves of Eucalyptus amygdalina when compared with other plants. Plants grown on contaminated sites showed the lower concentration of pigments and protein contents. A negative correlation was found between the concentration of heavy metals, pigments and total protein contents in all plant species.