Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Childhood Abuse, Avatar Choices, and Other Risk Factors Associated With Internet-Initiated Victimization of Adolescent Girls

OBJECTIVE. The objective of the study was to determine the risk factors for Internet-initiated victimization of female adolescents. In particular, it was expected that girls who experienced childhood abuse would show higher vulnerability than their nonabused peers. In addition, the study examined how provocative self-presentations might be related to online sexual advances and offline encounters. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Adolescent girls aged 14 to 17 years who had experienced substantiated childhood abuse (N = 104) were demographically matched with nonabused girls (N = 69) and surveyed regarding Internet usage, maternal and paternal caregiver presence, substance use, high-risk sexual attitudes, and involvement with high-risk peers. To measure online self-presentation, participants each created avatars, which were quantified according to the degree of provocative physical features. RESULTS. Forty percent of the sample reported experiencing online sexual advances, and 26% reported meeting someone offline who they first met online. Abused girls were significantly more likely to have experienced online sexual advances and to have met someone offline. Having been abused and choosing a provocative avatar were significantly and independently associated with online sexual advances, which were, in turn, associated with offline encounters. CONCLUSIONS.A history of childhood abuse may increase Internet-initiated victimization vulnerability. Parents should be aware of the ways in which their adolescents are presenting themselves online. Making adolescent girls and their parents aware that provocative online self-presentations may have implications for sexual solicitation might help to ward off sexual advances and might help prevent Internet-initiated victimizations. Practitioners should consider standard inquiry into Internet and media usage an aspect of comprehensive care.
Phase II study of etoposide and cisplatin with concurrent twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy followed by irinotecan and cisplatin in patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer: West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group 9902.

PURPOSE We initially conducted a randomized phase II study to compare irinotecan and cisplatin (IP) versus irinotecan, cisplatin, and etoposide (IPE) after etoposide and cisplatin (EP) with concurrent twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC). We amended the protocol to evaluate IP after EP with concurrent twice-daily TRT in a single-arm phase II study because of an unacceptable toxicity in IPE. PATIENTS AND METHODS Previously untreated patients with LD-SCLC were treated intravenously with etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1 through 3 and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 with concurrent twice-daily TRT (1.5 Gy per fraction, a total dose of 45 Gy) beginning on day 2 followed by three cycles of irinotecan 60 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 4-week cycle. RESULTS Of the 51 patients enrolled, 49 patients were assessable for response and toxicity. The overall response rate and complete response rate were 88% and 41%, respectively. The median survival time for all patients was 23 months. The 2-year and 3-year survival rates were 49% and 29.7%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 11.8 months. The major toxicities observed were neutropenia (grade 4, 84%), febrile neutropenia (grade 3, 31%), infection (grade 3 to 4, 33%), electrolytes imbalance (grade 3 to 4, 20%), and diarrhea (grade 3 to 4, 14%). CONCLUSION EP with concurrent twice-daily TRT followed by the consolidation of IP appears to be an active regimen which deserves further phase III testing in patients with LD-SCLC.
Giardia lamblia low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein is involved in selective lipoprotein endocytosis and parasite replication

As Giardia lamblia is unable to synthesize cholesterol de novo, this steroid might be obtained from the host's intestinal milieu by endocytosis of lipoproteins. In this work, we identified a putative Giardia lamblia low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related proteins (GlLRP), a type I membrane protein, which shares the substrate N‐terminal binding domain and a FXNPXY‐type endocytic motif with human LRPs. Expression of tagged GlLRP showed that it was localized predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal‐like peripheral vacuoles and plasma membrane. However, the FXNPXY‐deleted GlLRP was retained at the plasma membrane suggesting that it is abnormally transported and processed. The low‐density lipoprotein and chylomicrons interacted with GlLRP, with this interaction being necessary for lipoprotein internalization and cell proliferation. Finally, we show that GlLRP binds directly to the medium subunit of Giardia adaptor protein 2, indicating that receptor‐mediated internalization occurs through an adaptin mechanism.
Analysis of Glycosylation Site Occupancy Reveals a Role for Ost3p and Ost6p in Site-specific N-Glycosylation Efficiency*S

Asparagine-linked glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins catalyzed in eukaryotes by the multiprotein complex oligosaccharyltransferase. Apart from the catalytic Stt3p, the roles of the subunits are ill defined. Here we describe functional investigations of the Ost3/6p components of the yeast enzyme. We developed novel analytical tools to quantify glycosylation site occupancy by enriching glycoproteins bound to the yeast polysaccharide cell wall, tagging glycosylated asparagines using endoglycosidase H glycan release, and detecting peptides and glycopeptides with LC-ESI-MS/MS. We found that the paralogues Ost3p and Ost6p were required for efficient glycosylation of distinct defined glycosylation sites. Our results describe a novel method for relative quantification of glycosylation occupancy in the genetically tractable yeast system and show that eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase isoforms have different activities toward protein substrates at the level of individual glycosylation sites.
How do workers benefit from skill utilisation and how can these benefits be enhanced?

This article uses national-level data to examine the benefits for workers of better skill utilisation and the question of how opportunities to use skills in the workplace can be enhanced. Analysis of the New Zealand data in the 2005 and 2015 rounds of the International Social Survey Programme confirms that better skill utilisation is generally associated with a broad range of beneficial outcomes, including higher employee income, better opportunities for career advancement, higher job satisfaction, greater organisational commitment and lower turnover intentions. In addition, skill utilisation serves as a significant mediator between work autonomy and employee outcomes, particularly in the 2015 survey. As a general rule, better utilisation of employee skills will occur in organisational climates in which employee autonomy is encouraged.
Metal regulation of siderophore synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and functional effects of siderophore-metal complexes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesizes two siderophores, pyochelin and pyoverdin, characterized by widely different structures, physicochemical properties, and affinities for Fe(III). Titration experiments showed that pyochelin, which is endowed with a relatively low affinity for Fe(III), binds other transition metals, such as Cu(II), Co(II), Mo(VI), and Ni(II), with appreciable affinity. In line with these observations, Fe(III) and Co(II) at 10 microM or Mo(VI), Ni(II), and Cu(II) at 100 microM repressed pyochelin synthesis and reduced expression of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of 75, 68, and 14 kDa. In contrast, pyoverdin synthesis and expression of the 80-kDa receptor protein were affected only by Fe(III). All of the metals tested, except Mo(VI), significantly promoted P. aeruginosa growth in metal-poor medium; Mo(VI), Ni(II), and Co(II) were more efficient as pyochelin complexes than the free metal ions and the siderophore. The observed correlation between the affinity of pyochelin for Fe(III), Co(II), and Mo(VI) and the functional effects of these metals indicates that pyochelin may play a role in their delivery to P. aeruginosa.
The descending respiratory pathway in man

The descending respiratory pathway may be considered to be the most important tract of the spinal cord; yet its position in man is unknown. It is important to work out the location of these descending fibres not only to complete anatomical knowledge but also to provide those practising surgery on the cervical cord with essential information. The absence of this knowledge contributed to the death of some of our patients after cordotomy and this has also been a cause of death in patients from other series of cordotomies. Following Stookey's (1943) report of his experience of high cervical cordotomies, Penfield (1943) said: 'I have had a patient in whom I sectioned the pain tract at the second cervical segment under local anaesthesia. Suddenly, as the wound was being sutured, while he was talking and in the midst of a sentence, he died . Autopsy showed no explanation of it. ' Stookey replied that he had never had such an experience following unilateral cordotomy but he had with the bilateral operation. He added: 'In bilateral cordotomy, I think that sectioning of the anterior lateral columns probably interferes with the higher respiratory pathway coming down from the medulla to the diaphragm . The difficulties I have had have been with bilateral cordotomies and I felt they were respiratory deaths, due to interruption of an upper respiratory pathway. ' Undoubtedly many neurosurgeons have had the same experience: patients having had unilateral and more commonly bilateral cordotomies in the cervical region may die suddenly, often in their sleep, and at necropsy no explanation has been forthcoming. It will be shown in this paper that an adequate high cervical cordotomy will damage most of the descending fibres controlling respiratory movements. In 1830, Sir Charles Bell made the suggestion that the tract for controlling respiratory movements lies in the lateral part of the cord, somewhere between the anterior and posterior roots. Although since then there has been work on animals that confirms Sir Charles Bell's conjecture, there has been, as far as I can ascertain, no evidence produced for man. In 1895, Porter looked for the location of the pathway running 'from the bulb to the phrenic
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Rescue Ambulation in Ovine Myelomeningocele

Myelomeningocele (MMC)—commonly known as spina bifida—is a congenital birth defect that causes lifelong paralysis, incontinence,musculoskeletal deformities, and severe cognitive disabilities. The recent landmark Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) demonstrated for the first time in humans that in utero surgical repair of theMMC defect improves lower limbmotor function, suggesting a capacity for improved neurologic outcomes in this disorder. However, functional recoverywas incomplete, and 58%of the treated childrenwere unable towalk independently at 30months of age. In the present study, wedemonstrate that using early gestation human placenta-derivedmesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) to augment in utero repair of MMC results in significant and consistent improvement in neurologic function at birth in the rigorous fetal ovine model of MMC. In vitro, human PMSCs express characteristic MSC markers and trilineage differentiation potential. Protein array assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay show that PMSCs secrete a variety of immunomodulatory and angiogenic cytokines. Compared with adult bone marrow MSCs, PMSCs secrete significantly higher levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and hepatocyte growth factor, both of which have known neuroprotective capabilities. In vivo, functional and histopathologic analysis demonstrated that human PMSCs mediate a significant, clinically relevant improvement in motor function in MMC lambs and increase the preservation of large neurons within the spinal cord. These preclinical results in the well-established fetal ovine model of MMC provide promising early support for translating in utero stem cell therapy for MMC into clinical application for patients. STEMCELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015;4:659–669
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract in south India.

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common human infection. Though most individuals are asymptomatic, H. pylori plays a key role in the aetiology of many upper gastrointestinal disorders. The prevalence of duodenal ulcer in south India is high but there are very few reports regarding the prevalence of H. pylori infection in various upper gastrointestinal disorders in south Indians. Therefore, we studied the prevalence of H. pylori infection in upper gastrointestinal disorders in south Indians. METHODS Three hundred and thirty-five patients with various upper gastrointestinal disorders were included in the study. Seventy-five patients with no gastrointestinal disease based on symptoms and endoscopy were taken as controls. The H. pylori status was determined by the urease test, serology and histology and the prevalence compared between various upper gastrointestinal disorders, with controls and with one another. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori was high in the patients and controls. Duodenal ulcer patients had a significantly higher prevalence compared to controls (p < 0.001) and those with other upper alimentary disorders. There was no significant difference between patients with other disorders and controls nor between each other (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in south India. It is closely associated with duodenal ulcer. More population-based studies are required to evaluate the relationship of H. pylori with other disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Studies of the Initiation of Myelination by Schwann Cells

The rapid morphologic changes in Schwann cells and in their relationships to axons during the transition from the premyelinating to the myelinating state have been known for more than 15 years. The sorting of axons by dividing Schwann cells, the establishment of a 1:1 relationship between a postmitotic Schwann cell, and the onset of myelin sheath formation have all been described in detail. However, the chain of molecular events and mechanisms by which these morphologic changes are regulated has not been elucidated. In this chapter we have reviewed results that strongly suggest that the adhesion molecule L1 is one of the important determinants that mediate the elongation of the Schwann cell along the axon, and the extension of Schwann processes to engulf axons. Thus, L1 functions to promote the spreading of the Schwann cell process over the surface of the axon. L1 does not appear to be exclusively involved in the adhesion of Schwann cells to axons, in the activation of Schwann cell proliferation by axons, or in the induction of synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. The results from the anti-L1 blocking experiments further provided clues for an understanding of how the expression of GalC and MAG, which are both likely to be involved in the initiation of myelination, are regulated. These results imply that the overall regulation of expression of these early myelin components could require controls other than a single signaling mechanism derived from contact with axons. We propose that the deposition of basal lamina or one of its components could also be involved. Finally, the results from anti-GalC-blocking experiments indicated that GalC is involved in the mechanism of early growth of the myelin spiral.
Nutritional factors and Helicobacter pylori infection in Colombian children.

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection occurs most frequently in impoverished populations; however, little is known about specific determinants of susceptibility. This report describes the relationship between H. pylori infection and nutritional indicators among children from a rural village in the Colombian Andes, where a prevalence of 69% was observed in children from 2 to 9 years old. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 684 children, comprising 92% of the 2- to 9-year-old population of Aldana, Colombia, information was obtained on dietary factors by questionnaire, height and weight by direct measurement, and H. pylori status using the carbon-13 urea breath test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks for nutritional indicators. RESULTS The infection was least frequent among children who are several servings of fruits and vegetables daily, drank two or more cups of milk daily, and were in the upper quintile of height for their age. The odds of infection increased 19-fold (95% confidence interval, 4.0-91.9) among children who consumed less than two daily servings of fruits and vegetables compared with the modal intake of three to five daily servings. Children whose daily vitamin C intake from fruits and vegetables was less than 40 mg had greatly increased odds of infection (odds ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-34.1) compared to the modal intake of 80-119 mg; for beta-carotene, the odds ratio was 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.9) for intakes of less than 300 IU per day, compared with the modal daily intake of 900 IU or more. CONCLUSIONS The results of this population-based study suggest that nutritional factors may play a role in determining susceptibility to H. pylori infection.
Future of Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults

Abstract The previous articles in this compendium reviewed the past, present, and future status of the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury in the adult population. This article will discuss the issue of when an individual should initiate the return-to-play (or class or work) protocol. The clinical criterion to initiate the return-to-play protocol consists of neuropsychological performance that returns to baseline and is stable, with no reported symptoms. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies raise serious questions about these clinical criteria. fMRI results in individuals with concussion are different from those of normal controls. Does this difference represent cortical reorganization and/or cortical dysfunction? If the imaging results reflect neuroplastic reorganization, then the initiation of the return-to-play protocol is acceptable. However, if the imaging differences indicate cortical dysfunction, then initiation of the return-to-play protocol would not be advised. This article will describe the problem, the data available to address this problem, and future research needs.
Wearable Inkjet-Printed Wideband Antenna by Using Miniaturized AMC for Sub-GHz Applications

A novel compact wearable antenna printed on paper is presented. The antenna comprises a nonresonant coplanar monopole antenna placed on a miniaturized artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) (total size of 0.14 λ0 × 0.14 λ0 × 0.01 λ0 at 700 MHz). The manufacturing process only requires a commercial desktop inkjet printer and conductive nano-ink. The effectiveness of the proposed configuration (monopole above AMC) with respect to the unloaded monopole or to the monopole above a metallic ground plane is proved with on-body measurements in the sub-GHz band.
Recursively combine floorplan and Q-place in mixed mode placement based on circuit's variety of block configuration

Mixed mode placement (MMP) is characterized by a number of same-height standard cells mixed with scattering big blocks in a fixed die. The variety of size and number of blocks introduces challenges to existing algorithms in achieving reasonable solution quality and running time. A new design flow named recursive mixed mode placement (RMMP) is presented in this paper to provide a solution of MMP with this circuit's variety of block configuration taken into account. It starts from recursively partitioning circuits to form a tree of virtual blocks in the different condition of the size and number of blocks as well as the logical or physical hierarchy. Then it combines floorplan on block level and quadratic place (Q-place) on cell level to complete the global placement. Our approach takes advantage of combining floorplan and Q-place algorithms to fit the variety of circuit's components. The combined approach improves the algorithm efficiency and obtains satisfactory results of MMP in terms of wire length and running time on various industry and academia test cases.
Genomic diversity among Corynebacterium jeikeium strains and comparison with biochemical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities

Levels of DNA relatedness were determined by performing DNA-DNA hybridization experiments (S1 nuclease procedure) with 13 human isolates exhibiting various antimicrobial susceptibility patterns which had been identified as Corynebacterium jeikeium by classical tests and the API Coryne system and with reference strains of C. jeikeium and related taxa. Twelve of 13 isolates which formed three genomic groups showed between 22 and 75% relatedness with the type strain of C. jeikeium. One of these genomic groups included all the strains resistant to penicillin and gentamicin and is genomically related to the C. jeikeium type strain at the species level. In addition, the reference strain of "Corynebacterium genitalium" biotype II was found to belong to this genospecies and therefore can be considered as a synonym of C. jeikeium. In contrast, one isolate and the reference strains of "Corynebacterium pseudogenitalium" biotypes C-3 and C-4 which were assigned to C. jeikeium by the API Coryne system were less than 10% related to the C. jeikeium type strain. These nongenomically related strains can be differentiated from the jeikeium-related strains on the basis of positive acidification from fructose and growth under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, these strains exhibited full susceptibility to penicillin whereas the strains related to the C. jeikeium type strain are resistant to or only moderately susceptible to penicillin. No genomic relationship was found between C. jeikeium-related strains and other lipophilic coryneforms, identified as Corynebacterium accolens or Corynebacterium group G or F. Our study demonstrates the necessity to perform the fructose fermentation test or respiratory-type test for the correct identification of lipophilic coryneforms as C. jeikeium. Although these strains show genomic diversity at the species level, in a practical aspect, biochemical properties as well as antimicrobial susceptibility may allow the classification of such isolates in this single taxon.
Board Characteristics and Environmental Disclosure: Evidence from Jordan

This paper focuses on the relationship between the characteristics of the board of directors and the environmental disclosure in the industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan for the period of 2014-2017. A total of 63 industrial companies were studied using three variables: the board size,board independence,board ownership, in addition to the control variable firm size.In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a measure of the level of environmental disclosure was used in the annual reports of the companies under study. The present study was based on the panel data to test the hypotheses of the study. The study found that the general trend of the level of environmental disclosure during the years (2014-2017) was increase. This is as a result of increasing awareness among Jordanian industrial companies of the importance of environmental disclosure. The level of environmental disclosure is still relatively low compared to developed countries. The study also found a positive relationship between the board size, the board ownership, the firm size and the level of environmental disclosure.