Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric Morbidity in Infertility Patients in a Tertiary Care Setup.

CONTEXT Infertility is regarded as a trigger for psychological morbidity. Infertile couples often suffer from anxiety, depression and lack of self confidence. AIMS To study the demographic factors associated with infertility in a tertiary care setup and to determine the level of anxiety and depression associated with it by using standardized scales. The study protocol also included studying the various coping strategies employed by these patient groups. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Case control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prestructured questionnaire based study conducted for a span of 6 months. The study population included the patients attending the infertility and the family planning outpatient department. We applied the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the Becks Depression Inventory (BDI). Brief COPE Inventory was applied to look for the various coping measures that are employed by the anxious and depressed patients. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data analysis was done using SPSS ver20. RESULTS A total of 280 study subjects were included in the study; which included 140 women from the infertility clinic and 140 from the family planning OPD. A total of 56.4% (79/140) of the females were found to be suffering from depression and 68.9% (96/140) of the females were found to be suffering from anxiety and depression both. Seven risk factors were found to be significant for depression based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale and 6 risk factors were found to be significant based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The most common coping method employed by depressed women was venting 72.2% (57/79) followed by behavioural disengagement 70.9% (56/79); whereas the most important coping method employed by the anxious and depressed women was behavioural disengagement 71.9% (69/96). CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression is common among patients suffering from infertility and measures should be taken to alleviate it.
Replacing trains with coaches: implications for social inclusion in rural New South Wales

With the future of New South Wales (NSW) regional train services under question, concern has been expressed that replacement of trains with coaches will diminish levels of mobility and raise social exclusion for some people. Provision has been made on coaches for people considered to be disabled, but without recognition of the needs of people who do not fit either able or disabled categorisation. All train services offer better accessibility and therefore mobility to all people. The issue of regional train service cessation and replacement raises questions regarding the reliability of existing Australian studies about train service replacement, the degree to which health and illness are affected, as well as the potential for the exacerbation of existing social exclusion. An examination of the literature and some historical investigation undertaken by the authors highlights these limitations amid the ableism/disablism dualism in existing research and rural transport policy. The paper further suggests that the absence of Australian evidence of mobility loss should not be taken to indicate the reality of regional mobility and social inclusion. Instead the paper argues that further independent mobility loss and social exclusion may occur if coaches are further substituted for regional train services.
U.S. Treasury Market: The High-Frequency Evidence

This paper reviews the existing empirical evidence on the time-series behavior of the U.S. Treasury markets at high frequency: daily and intra-day data. The use of high-frequency data in econometric analyses is a major recent development in the study of the fixed income markets: the response of prices to scheduled and unscheduled news, conditional-volatility dynamics, and jump and diffusion behavior, can all be examined much more precisely with high-frequency data. High-frequency data are also important for the characterization of the trading environment as they allow us to examine the immediate impact of trading on prices and how this impact is affected by the presence of macro news. Lastly, the presence and impact of high-frequency trading can only be studied by analyzing high-frequency data.
Shareholder Control vs. Board Control: Evidence from a Sub-Saharan African Economy

The purpose of this study is to examine how board and shareholder controls result in good corporate governance in one of the major financial institutions in Ghana. A descriptive qualitative case study method was employed. The findings reveal that the company’s major shareholder exerts shareholder control over the activities of management. The findings also portray that an effective and efficient board is a vital driver in determining good corporate governance. This usually happens when controlling equity holders do not deal with aspects of control which are vested in the board.
Bone Mineral Density Testing and Osteoporosis Education Improve Lifestyle Behaviors in Premenopausal Women: A Prospective Study

One way to decrease the risk of osteoporosis is to maximize peak bone mass. Peak bone mass may be moderately influenced by lifestyle behaviors: increasing calcium and exercise, decreasing alcohol intake and smoking may increase peak bone mass. We examined the effects of osteoporosis education and bone mineral density (BMD) testing on self‐reported lifestyle behaviors in 669 premenopausal women enrolled in a prospective study to assess determinants of peak bone mass. Study participants completed a questionnaire that assessed lifestyle behaviors, received pamphlets about osteoporosis, and had BMD testing. One year later, the women completed a similar questionnaire. After education about osteoporosis and BMD testing, women reported that they were less likely to smoke (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.28–1.0), consume alcohol (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04–0.34), and caffeinated beverages (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.27–0.68). Women were more likely to use calcium supplements (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 3.04–6.2), vitamin D supplements (OR = 12.6; 95% CI: 7.4–22.9), and drink at least one glass of milk a day (OR = 13.3; 95% CI: 7.8–23.9). Further, women with low bone mass were more likely to use calcium supplements (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3) and vitamin D supplements (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.2) compared with women who had normal bone mass. Thus, our intervention improved self‐reported lifestyle behaviors in premenopausal women. Such behaviors may ultimately increase peak bone mass and decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis.
Effect of Clarithromycin Administration during Late Gestational Period on the Pregnant Albino Rats and Their Fetuses

Clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, is effective in the management of a wide range of clinical problems including outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, shortening the course of peptic ulcer disease associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and curing previously resistant respiratory infections in immune-compromised patients. The present study is planned to study the effect of clarithromycin on the pregnant female rats and their fetuses during the last gestational period stage. This study includes the effect of clarithromycin on therate of abortion, malformation of fetuses, skeletal, histological changes and DNA fragmentation of liver cells of pregnant rats and their fetuses. In the present study two groups of pregnant animals were used. The first group received distilled water from 15th to 19th days of gestation and used as control and sacrificed at 20th day of gestation. The other group is orally administered with 45mg/kgclarithromycin from 15th to 19th days and sacrifices at 20th day of gestation (the therapeutic dose). The obtained results showed a significant decrease in maternal body weight gain and increase in the rate of abortion, resorption and growth retardation of fetuses.Fetuses of the treated group showed severe lack of ossification on the skull bones, phalanges and sternum bone as well as shortness in the ulna and radius bones. Histological studies of pregnant rats revealed congestion and dilatation of the central vein of the liver lobules and fatty degeneration of the hepatocytes with severe DNA fragmentation.In 20 day-fetuses, there were a marked increase of necrotic hepatocytes associated with increased average of megakaryocytes and periportal leukocytic infiltration.
Influence of the Work Relationship Between Frontline Employees and Their Immediate Supervisor on Customers’ Service Experience

The primary purpose of this study is to develop and test a research model that links the work relationship between subordinates and their immediate supervisor (i.e., leader-member exchange [LMX]) to customers’ evaluation on their dining experience through job satisfaction. This study utilized an employee–customer matched sample drawn from 14 restaurants with customer-contact employees (n = 426) and their customers (n = 1,212) in the United States. In order to test research hypotheses, we used the structural equation modeling (SEM) using LISREL 8.8. The results indicate that LMX is not directly related to customer responses to service directly; however, the relationship is fully mediated by employees’ satisfaction with their job. Our study offers theoretical and managerial insights into the importance of quality of leadership and how it is perceived by customers during the employee–customer interaction, and further, calls for future research that links employees’ contribution to customers’ perceptions of service experience.
Relative residence time and oscillatory shear index of non-Newtonian flow models in aorta

Four molecular Non-Newtonian viscosity models plus the Newtonian one were analyzed for the normal human aorta under oscillating flow via: molecular viscosity, time Average Wall Shear Stress (AWSS), Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) and Relative Residence Time (RRT). The capabilities of the applied non-Newtonian law models appear at low strain rates. The Newtonian blood flow treatment is considered to be a good approximation at mid-and high-strain rates. All blood flow models yield a consistent aorta pattern. High RRT values develop in the concave part of the aortic arch downstream to left subclavian artery. In this region the molecular viscosity is elevated, the WSS is low and the OSI is high. Concave aorta parts are prone to exhibit elevated RRT. The non-Newtonian Power Law blood flow model approximates the molecular viscosity, WSS, OSI and particularly the RRT in a more satisfactory way. High RRT distribution is emerging as an appropriate tool for identifying the possible regions of atheromatic concentrations.
Systemic Reactions to Allergen Immunotherapy: A Review of the Literature

Since its introduction the safety of specific immunotherapy (SIT) was assessed by many well-designed studies. SIT is accepted as an effective treatment of allergic diseases despite the occurrence of side-effects, among which systemic reactions (SRs) are the most dangerous. The reported frequency of SRs after SIT varies among the studies and several factors influence it. Asthma is a particular risk factor for systemic side-effects. Furthermore, SRs occur more often in patients with high allergen sensitivity as determined by skin testing or RAST. Making dosage errors is also considered to be a high risk. It is reported that reactions are more common during rush and clustered induction treatment, whereas a significantly lower incidence of SRs occurred with the use of standardized modified allergen vaccines than with aqueous extracts. On the basis of valuable guidelines, precautions to minimize the risk of SRs from SIT were recommended. Injections should be given or supervised by doctors well-trained in this form of treatment in a clinic where there is the immediate availability of a resuscitative equipment. Consideration should be given to evaluate the patient's conditions and to monitor subjects for a minimum of 30 minutes after the injections. Therefore, if appropriately done, the risk of SIT is negligible.
The Relationship between Access Practices and Economic Systems

The access economy is rising in importance in the marketplace. In this conceptual article, we chronicle access practices in market and nonmarket economies. In nonmarket economic systems, access is gained via social exchange and primarily takes the form of sharing. That is, sharing is non-market-mediated access. In the contemporary market economy, economic exchange practices, such as renting, dominate access practices, explaining why the so-called sharing economy is not about sharing. Further, we propose that culture and social class moderate this relationship by creating contexts where social exchange (e.g., sharing) can provide access to resources in market economies. We demonstrate that access and sharing should not be essentialized, as their nature is dependent on the social system in which they are embedded. Thus, future research can focus on parsing out the nuances of how, when, and why access practices are utilized in particular societies and communities.
Do Corporate Cash Holdings Decrease the Impact of Tail Risk Spillovers from the Financial Sector? Evidence from Europe

We study the extent to which the impact of tail risk spillovers, originating in the financial sector and affecting real-economy firms, depends on the level of cash holdings and the financial conditions of the firm. Empirical evidence on 4,320 firms located in 16 European countries, from 2003 to 2011, suggests strong impacts for firms located in Euro-periphery countries. Firms located in Euro-core countries are less affected and firms located in the United Kingdom are barely affected. Cash holdings act as cushion of the impact of tail risk spillovers for financially constrained firms located in France, Netherlands, and United Kingdom.
Alternating and Synchronous Rhythms in Reciprocally Inhibitory Model Neurons

We study pacemaker rhythms generated by two nonoscillatory model cells that are coupled by inhibitory synapses. A minimal ionic model that exhibits postinhibitory rebound (PIR) is presented. When the post-synaptic conductance depends instantaneously on presynaptic potential the classical alternating rhythm is obtained. Using phase-plane analysis we identify two underlying mechanisms, release and escape, for the out-of-phase oscillation. When the postsynaptic conductance is not instantaneous but decays slowly, the two cells can oscillate synchronously with no phase difference. In each case, different stable activity patterns can coexist over a substantial parameter range.
Demographic viability of Lithuanian farms

Over recent years an issue of generational renewal in agriculture of the European Union is treated as a topical challenge. This talking-point is critical to uphold viable agriculture in the long run. The paper provides an analysis of the main criteria empowering the measurement of the scale of a generational renewal‘s problem and sets a baseline for the analysis of demographic viability of Lithuanian farmer and family farms. The research is based on the of results of the Agricultural Census of the Republic of Lithuania 2010. The paper analyses a situation of demographic viability of farmer and family farms by type of farming and economic size units, covers the issues of gender balance of farm holders and their family members, compares the nature of farmer and family farms‘ demographic viability in Lithuanian municipalities. JEL Codes: J19, J43, Q10.
Impedance Plethysmography: A New Method for Continuous Muscle Perfusion Monitoring

Vigilant postoperative monitoring of the buried muscle flap is critical after free transfer because early diagnosis of vascular insufficiency is essential to allow prompt correction. We have identified a monitoring method utilizing needle electrodes and impedance plethysmography that gives a beat-to-beat representation of muscular perfusion. In 25 New Zealand White rabbits the gastrocnemius muscle was isolated on its vascular pedicle, and two intramuscular needle electrodes were placed. The instantaneous impedance changes of the muscle (corresponding to the pulsatile volume changes of perfusion) were measured and recorded. Using this representation of perfusion, an independent judge was able to correctly diagnose muscular ischemia 100 percent of the time (n = 25). Further, the judge was able to correctly distinguish the ischemia as arterial (n = 10) or venous (n = 10) in origin 100 percent of the time. Additionally, we monitored muscle perfusion transcutaneously in five free muscle flaps and demonstrated a reliable impedance signal that correlated with perfusion.
Managing diversity: does it matter to municipal governments?

This paper seeks to investigate how seriously diversity issues are considered by municipal governments in North Carolina and to identify specific diversity management practices (DMPs) that are adopted more often by municipalities. It also aims to examine whether the adoption levels of DMPs are influenced by demographic and economic factors and the various backgrounds of city managers. Data about adopted DMPs and city managers' backgrounds were collected by surveying all municipalities in North Carolina with populations of at least 5,000 (response rate: 50 percent). An index was constructed to determine the adoption level of DMPs, and the cities were divided into four groups, based on their index scores (i.e. DMP scores). Analysis of variance and correlations were used to test the relationship between a number of factors and the index score. A number of DMPs were identified as being more popular among municipalities that took diversity and its related issues more seriously, and other DMPs as being less popular among cities that did not pay particular attention to diversity. It was also found that the adoption level of DMPs was significantly affected by population size, the heterogeneity of population, urbanization level, and city manager's age. The DMPs that were found suitable for each one of the four groups of cities can be used as a guide when cities in a particular group want to adopt more DMPs to support and encourage diversity at work. According to the findings, cities need to be more proactive in managing diversity by introducing appropriate DMPs when their demographics are changing substantially. This is one of the first studies to identify the more popular DMPs among municipalities with different attention levels toward diversity and its related issues. The study also contributes to the construction of a comprehensive diversity management model that explains how cities respond to changing demographics.
Compensation, Moral Hazard, and Talent Misallocation in the Market for CEOS

I develop a structural model to quantify the efficiency loss arising from both the risk sharing and talent misallocation due to moral hazard in the market for CEOs. I propose a new approach to identify and estimate firms' production, CEOs' preferences and their productive type distributions from the data on firms' market value, financial returns and CEOs' compensation. Using these estimated model primitives, I conduct counterfactuals to show that the talent misallocation leads to a loss up to 1.6 billion dollars for the 1000 largest U.S. firms in 2011. This amount is almost three times as large as the loss arising from the risk-sharing inefficiency.
Charcoal Stratigraphies for Kaua'i and the Timing of Human Arrival

Evidence from microscopic charcoal particle stratigraphy is presented from nine locations distributed throughout Kaua'i in the Hawaiian Islands, including windward and leeward coastal sites and interior bogs at elevations ranging up to 1220 m. The overall trends are comparable with those reported for other mesic tropical island areas lacking strong seasonality, beginning with a general dearth of charcoal in sediments that predate evidence for humans on the island, followed by an increase of an order of magnitude or more at a time that probably represents first human presence at the site. In most cases, this initial peak or plateau of increased charcoal from presumably anthropogenic sources is followed by a prehistoric decrease and a second peak after European contact. Charcoal evidence presented here suggests a human presence in leeward coastal areas beginning ca. 830±50 yr B.P. (1050-1095, 1140-1280 cal yr A.D.). One windward site, Limahuli Bog, may show charcoal evidence for humans as early as 1470±60 yr B.P. (440-670 cal yr A.D.), but resolution is poor in the upper part of that core. Charcoal and sedimentological evidence suggests that Hawaiians were constructing fishponds as early as about eight centuries ago and that the massive stoneworks forming the Alekoko or Menehune Fishpond, probably the largest prehistoric stone structure in the Hawaiian Islands, may have been completed by 580±30 yr B.P. (1305-1420 cal yr a.d.). Charcoal peaks in prehuman times, particularly at 3800±40 yr B.P. (4080-4290 cal yr B.P.), may be associated with prolonged drought conditions. Charcoal particles are virtually absent from the late Pleistocene sediments collected from interior bogs.
Prevalence and characteristics of Streptococcus canis strains isolated from dogs and cats

Lyskova P., M. Vydržalova, D. Kralovcova, J. Mazurova: Prevalence and Characteristics of Streptococcus canis Strains Isolated from Dogs and Cats. Acta Vet. Brno 2007, 76: 619-625. To determine the prevalence of Streptococcus canis in dogs and cats, a total of 926 swabs were examined bacteriologically in the period from 2003 to 2005. Eighty-six isolates obtained from various anatomical locations were further characterized for their phenotypic properties. The most frequently isolated biotype produced phosphatase, leucine amidopeptidase, arginine dihydrolase, alpha-D- and beta-D-galactosidase and fermented lactose and ribose. Additional identification by species-specific amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region was consistent with S. canis. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin G and ampicillin. The least effective antimicrobial agent was found to be tetracycline (only 33.8% of susceptible strains). Prevalence, S. canis, biochemical properties, 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region Streptococcus (S.) canis belongs to Lancefield serogroup G, which forms heterogeneous group of beta-hemolytic streptococci. Presently, three taxonomic types of this serological group can be distinguished, as follows: minute colony formers from humans (S. anginosus group), and large colony formers from humans (S. dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis) and animals (S. canis). The species S. canis was officially described by Devriese et al. (1986) and is considered to
How and When Do Firms Adjust Their Investments Toward Targets?

Due to adjustment costs, firms’ only partially adjust toward desired investment levels. By exploiting unique survey data on firms’ desired investments, we examine how and when firms adjust their investments toward stated plans (targets). More precisely, we examine how financing costs due to asymmetric information, disruption costs, and costs due to asset irreversibility influence firms’ adjustment costs and thus adjustment behavior. We find that firms with sufficient cash flows to finance all desired investments adjust significantly faster toward targets than firms with insufficient cash flows. Moreover, firms with either minor investment targets, a large fraction of desired replacement investments or low asset irreversibility adjust within shorter time compared to firms with major investment plans, capacity expansion targets or high asset irreversibility, respectively. Finally, although several prior studies find that the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009 reduced firms’ realized investment spending, our results indicate that firms’ speed of adjustment toward target investments was not influenced by the crisis.