Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of immunohistochemical staining of securin and Ki-67 in invasive breast carcinoma using the semiquantitative method and immune ratio: a comparative study

Background Pituitary-derived tumor-transforming growth protein (PTTG) (securin) plays a critical role in the cell cycle and its overexpression is associated with chromosomal instability and poor clinical outcome in multiple malignancies including breast cancer. Patients and methods Securin and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining were performed on tissue microarray sections representative of 145 patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma from 2005 to 2011. Semiquantitative methods as well as ImmunoRatio (an open source plugin within ImageJ software for offline image analysis) were used for immunostaining assessment. Results Only 118 cases had representative tissue cores out of 145 cases. The 118 cases were categorized into two groups according to their clinical outcome; the first group (G1) (n=77) comprised patients who were disease free, whereas the second group (G2) (n=41) included patients with recurrence and/or metastasis at the end of 24 months of follow-up duration. Lymphovascular invasion, perinodal fat infiltration, nodal status, estrogen receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status, and molecular subtypes showed risk association with clinical outcome (P=0.005, 0.004, 0.001, 0.044, 0.025, 0.005) using &khgr;2-test. Both securin and Ki-67 scores obtained by semiquantitative method were significantly higher in the second group (P=0.006). Cutoff points for the tested markers were identified using receiver operating characteristic curves. Conclusion These results suggest that securin may have value superior to Ki-67 in identifying invasive breast carcinoma patients with poor clinical outcome.
Immuohistochemical expression and prognostic significance of PD-L1 and P53 expression in astrocytoma

Background Astrocytoma is the most common brain tumor. The aberrant expression of programmed cell death ligands 1 (PD-L) on tumor cells results in tumor immune evasion with tumor aggressiveness in many cancers. Materials and methods Immunohistochemical analysis was used for examining the morphology and the expression of PD-L1 and P53 in 42 cases of astrocytomas. Univariate analysis was used to correlate the protein expression with the variable clinicopathological parameters. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival among the different groups. Results PD-L1 positive expression was found in 42.9% (18/42) of patients with astrocytoma. PD-L1 positive expression showed statistically significant association with grade of astrocytoma (P=0.003), poor survival (P=0.005), and recurrence (P=0.001). P53 high expression was found in 47.6% (20/42) of patients with astrocytoma. P53 high expression showed statistically significant association with grade of astrocytoma (P=0.014), survival (P=0.032), and recurrence (P=0.001). High significant association was detected between PD-L1 positivity and P53 high expression (P=0.005). Conclusion The high expression of PD-L1 and P53 was associated with higher grade and poor survival in astrocytoma. A significant association between PD-L1 and P53 might emphasize the interaction between P53 and PD-L1 during astrocytoma progression.
Relationship of maximum follicular size, age of woman, and reproductive implications in women attending fertility clinic in St. Margaret's Hospital, Lokoja, using Creighton Model FertilityCare™ System and NaProTECHNOLOGY

Background: Some authorities have found that, when the mean follicular diameter is >25 mm, the follicle is considered large, and these authorities are convinced that large follicles are biomarkers to ovarian pathology. Several studies have been carried out to determine the optimal maximum follicular size (MFS) that will be adequate before the use of human chorionic gonadotropin trigger to induce ovulation. None of these studies have considered the woman's age as a factor. An in vitro fertilization-based study has also shown that large leading follicles did not result in higher percentage of matured oocytes, and they even result in a lower live birth rate; however, we note that the ages of the women were not specifically mentioned in connection with the problems of large follicle. Subjects and Methods: We set out in this study to evaluate the relationship between the MFS and the woman's age both in our control group (fertile women) Group (A) and in the women attending fertility clinic Group (B). Using the Creighton Model Fertility Care System and NaProTECHNOLOGY, it was possible to determine when to start follicular tracking and also determine ultrasound diagnosis of ovulation by recording the MFS and the reduced size. Results: In both Group A and Group B, we discovered that the MFS reduces as woman's age increases. We also discovered that the average MFS in the Group B was higher for age compared with the Group A (P = 0.0043). There was also an association between these bigger follicles for age and low mid-luteal progesterone. This is probably the first study that describes the association of follicular size and woman's age and its possible link with ovulation defects. Recommendation: We have proposed that this phenomenon of large matured maximum follicle for age could be a contributory factor to infertility and miscarriages. We propose further studies to verify this hypothesis. Conclusion: Despite the high percentage of complete rupturing of follicles in the AB cycles in the Group (B) there are very high proportion having low mid luteal (P+7) Progesterone. This may be due to pathologies associated with big follicles for woman's age. The E2/Pg ratio study in luteal phase strongly suggested that the women in Group (B) that may have fertility challenge are those in subgroup of AB in Group (B). Therefore matured follicular size should be considered with the woman's age. If the follicles grows bigger away from the range for a woman's age it may be the marker for infertility or reproductive health challenges.
Help-Seeking Behavior Among Moroccan , Romanian , and Ecuadorian Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence in Spain

This study aims to identify different types of response to intimate partner violence (IPV) and help-related seeking behavior among Spain’s most numerous immigrant groups— Moroccans, Romanians, and Ecuadorians. Women reporting physical, sexual and/or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner (n 5 194) were selected from a cross-sectional study based on 1,607 surveys (2011). There are 84% of surveyed battered women who reported seeking help through informal and/or formal channels. The most frequently reported informal help-seeking behavior was talking with the abusive partner (from 63% to 83%). Moroccans identified social services (29.6%) and health care (25.9%) professionals as their most frequently used formal resources when seeking help. Approximately 32% of Ecuadorians and Romanians declared having reported their partners to the police. Among all of the women, seeking help through formal channels was more probable in cases where the severity of IPV was high (adjusted odds ratio 5 5.69, 95% confidence interval [2.29, 14.12]). It is needed to increase professionals’ opportunities to intervene in cases of IPV before they become severe.
Antibacterial effect of Cissus quadrangularis against cariogenic microorganisms: An in vitro study

Aim: The aim is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract and calcium hydroxide against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract of CQ was obtained by Soxhlet method. The antibacterial activity of CQ extract and calcium hydroxide powder in three different solvents (saline, glycerol, and olive oil) was evaluated by agar well-diffusion method. The zones of inhibition formed against S. mutans and L. acidophilus were measured. Results: CQ in saline showed zone of inhibition against both S. mutans and L. acidophilus, whereas in olive oil, zone of inhibition was evident only against L. acidophilus. Calcium hydroxide exhibited zone of inhibition against S. mutans when dissolved in saline and glycerol. On the other hand, zone of inhibition against L. acidophilus was evident only in glycerol. Calcium hydroxide showed maximum zone of inhibition against both the microorganisms compared to CQ. Conclusion: CQ showed antibacterial activity against both S. mutans and L. acidophilus, but it was not comparable to calcium hydroxide.
Molecular and Functional Properties of Transmitted HIV-1 Envelope Variants: A Dissertation

In 2008 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the co-discoverers of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This award acknowledged the enormous worldwide impact of the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic and the importance of research aimed at halting its spread. Since the syndrome was first recognized, 25 million people have succumbed to AIDS and over 33 million are currently infected with HIV-1 (www.unaids.org). The most effective strategy for ending the pandemic is the creation of a prophylactic vaccine. Yet, to date, all efforts at HIV-1 vaccine design have met with very limited success. The consistent failures of vaccine candidates stem in large part from the unprecedented diversity of HIV-1. Among the novel theories of vaccine design put forward to address this diversity is the targeted vaccine approach. This proposal is based on the finding that mucosal transmission of HIV-1, the most prevalent form, occurs across a selective bottleneck such that typically only a single (or a few) variants of the viral swarm present in a donor are passed to the recipient. While the mechanisms controlling the selection are largely unknown, the targeted vaccine approach postulates that once they are identified, we can utilize this understanding to design vaccines specifically targeted to the characteristics shared by the rare, mucosally transmissible HIV-1 variants. The studies described in this work were conducted to improve our understanding of the factors influencing viral variant selection during mother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1, a route of mucosal transmission which has globally become the leading cause of child infection. A unique panel was generated, consisting of nearly 300 HIV-1 envelope genes cloned from infected mother-infant pairs. Extensive characterization of the genotypes, phenotypes and phylogeny of these clones was then done to identify attributes differentiating early infant from maternal variants. Low genetic diversity of HIV-1 envelope variants was detected in early infant samples, suggesting a bottleneck and active selection of variants for transmission. Transmitted variants did not differ from non-transmitted variants in CD4 and CCR5 use. Infant isolates replicated poorly in macrophages; a cell subtype hypothesized to be important in the establishment of infection. The sensitivity of infant envelope variants to neutralization by a panel of monoclonal antibodies, heterologous and autologous plasmas and HIV-1 entry inhibitors varied. Most intriguingly, envelopes cloned from infants infected during delivery exhibited a faster entry phenotype than maternal isolates. Together, these findings provide further insight into viral variant selection during mother-to-child transmission. Identification of properties shared by mucosally transmitted viral variants may allow them to be selectively targeted, resulting in improved methods for preventing HIV-1 transmission.
Special AT-rich binding protein 1 and Dachshund homolog 1 expression in bladder carcinomas and their role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition

Background In Egypt, bladder cancer has become number 3 in ranking of malignant tumors in both sexes with increased morbidity and mortality, which makes identification of valuable predictive markers of metastasis mandatory. In the past two decades, EMT has been known to play a key role in epithelial tumor progression and metastasis. SATB1 was identified as an additional EMT regulator. On the contrary, DACH1 acts as a negative regulator of EMT.
Modifying Self-Blame , Self-Esteem , and Disclosure Through a Cooperative Cross-Age Teaching Intervention for Bullying Among Adolescents

Bullying is common among school students, and some victims hold self-blaming attributions, exhibit low self-esteem, and do not seek social support. A wait-list control pre-/post-test experimental design, with random allocation, was used to assess the effects of a novel cross-age teaching of social issues (CATS) intervention on the latter 3 variables among peer-identified victims of bullying (N 5 41, mean age 5 14.5 years). In small cooperative groups of classmates, participants designed and delivered a lesson to younger students that informed them that bullies not victims are in the wrong, victims have no reason to feel bad about themselves, and that seeking help can be beneficial. CATS led to a significant improvement on all 3 dependent variables with mostly large effect sizes; these positive effects were even stronger with a bigger dose of intervention (6 hr vs. 4 hr), and changes in self-blame, and separately changes in self-esteem, mediated the positive effect of the intervention on help-seeking. The theoretical and practical implications of these results were discussed, especially in terms of supporting a highly vulnerable subgroup of adolescents.
The Bystander Approach to Sexual Assault Risk Reduction : Effects on Risk Recognition , Perceived Self-Efficacy , and Protective Behavior

Several characteristics of sexual assault awareness programs for women are associated with meeting the goals of risk reduction. To date, the literature lacks an exploration of how single-sex programs affect women, particularly when they take a bystander intervention focus using women’s risk recognition and avoidance as outcome measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of The Women’s Program (Foubert, 2011), a sexual assault awareness program geared toward women. Participants consisted of 103 undergraduate women attending a large, public university in the Midwest United States. Women in the treatment group viewed a presentation of The Women’s Program, whereas the control group received no intervention. Consistent with hypotheses, program participants reported a greater ability to recognize risk cues, a greater willingness to engage in self-protective behaviors, and a greater level of perceived self-efficacy in handling threatening dating situations compared to the control group.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO ESAP NEEDS OF IRANIAN BA STUDENTS OF LAW

English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) uses the results of needs analysis for curriculum development and materials production. ESAP courses should be based on students’ academic needs. Consequently, the present study investigated the English language needs of Iranian undergraduate students of Law. Participants included 218 undergraduate students, 33 graduate students, and 10 content teachers of Law (for short, content teachers) from three universities in Karaj, Iran. Data were collected quantitatively, using researcher-made questionnaires. IBM SPSS (version 22) was used to analyze the data. Statistical tests including Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis were used to analyze the data. The results of questionnaire analyses showed that “general vocabulary”, “technical vocabulary”, and “using general bilingual English-to-Persian dictionaries” were regarded as the most important target needs, and “grammar”, “pronunciation”, and “guessing the meaning of the words from suffixes and prefixes” were perceived as the present needs of BA students. The results of data analyses revealed statistically significant differences among the responses of BA students, MA students, and content teachers regarding target needs. Follow-up post hoc analyses showed that the differences lay between BA students and content teachers as well as between MA students and content teachers. Further analysis of data showed statistically significant differences of present needs between BA students and content teachers. The findings of this study suggest that the development of ESAP courses for BA students of law should draw on more general English of BA students of law, enabling them to develop reading skills to fully understand legal academic English texts.
Childhood ganglioneuroma: experience of the Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt

Background Ganglioneuroma (GN) is an uncommon benign neuroblastic tumor. They can arise de novo or from spontaneous or therapy-induced differentiation. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice with no role for chemotherapy. Ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB) is the intermediate part of the spectrum. Ganglioneuroblastoma intermixed (GNBi) is always favorable with many studies relating its behavior and management to GN. GN can be the dominant pathology of GNB on a core or an open biopsy material. Resection specimen can reveal immature neuroblasts and/or neuropil reclassifying the diagnosis to malignant GNB, whether nodular or intermixed, with further re-evaluation for risk stratification and biologic state.
Effect of cuff inflation technique in video laryngoscopic assisted nasal intubation in oral cancer surgeries

Introduction: TA scope is an indirect optical video laryngoscope (VL) which provides a better glottic view without manipulating all three airway axis. Cuff inflation in nasal tube (NT) makes tube midline and good alignment with glottic opening. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the success rate of nasal intubation with cuff inflation technique through VL. Methods: A total of 50 patients posted for oral cancer surgery were included. After general anesthesia induction, NT passed up to oropharynx; with VL NT cuff inflation with 15 ml of air done in Group I and no cuff inflation in Group D. NT was advanced to vocal cords, cuff was deflated; the NT was then advanced into the trachea, and then cuff was reinflated (M0). If this failed, cuff inflation was further inflated 5 cc more (M1) or counterclockwise 180° rotation (M3) or help of Magill's forceps (M3) was used. Results: NT tip locations were midline in 88% after cuff inflation. The duration of intubation was earlier in inflated group (32 ± 18 s vs. 44 ± 20 s). Additional maneuvers such as more 5 cc air or Magill forceps were more in Group D (52% vs. 22% P = 0.25). First trail intubation success without any maneuvers was 48% in Group I and 12% Group D (P = 0.006). Counterclockwise 180° endotracheal tube rotation (M2) was useful to pass NT to VC in 32%, 48% Group I and D, respectively (P = 0.25). Air required for cuff inflation was 16.57 ± 2.65 ml in Group I. Conclusion: Cuff inflation technique has a good success rate with minimum additional assistance in video laryngoscopic nasal intubation.
Prognostic and predictive values of Twist-1 and Cripto-1 expressions in non-small cell carcinoma of lung: an immunohistochemical study

Background Metastasis is considered the most serious and fatal outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Twist-1 and Cripto-1 expression and their roles in induction of cancer metastases have been extensively studied as factors that are responsible for induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and carcinoma metastasis, yet little information is known about expression of these proteins in NSCLC tissues and their prognostic roles in patients with such cancer. The aim of this work is to detect the pathological, prognostic, and clinical relevance of tissue Twist-1 and Cripto-1 expressions in NSCLC and relations of their expression to patients’ outcome and response to therapy.
Validity of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 in distinguishing metastatic mucinous carcinomas of colorectal origin from primary ovarian mucinous carcinomas

Background Identification of ovarian mucinous carcinomas as being primary or metastatic is a problematic issue. CK7, CK20, and CDX2 are the commonly used markers in distinguishing primary ovarian mucinous carcinomas from metastatic ovarian mucinous carcinomas (MMOC). However, significant overlap in their expression was reported. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) has been suggested to be a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC).
Buku Bergambar sebagai Sumber Belajar Apresiasi Cerita di Kelas Rendah Sekolah Dasar

The ages of children learning in primary grades are from 6 to years. In this level, the children's ways of thinking are still based on the help of objects or events that may be directly seen or experienced. There fore, picture books may help them concretize the learning stories. Picture books present texts and illustrations or pictures. They are usually written specially for children who are still learning in primary school and this kind of book may motivate children to learn. Good story books may help children to process understanding and enrich their experiences from the stories. In addition picture books may lead children to appreciate and love books. Picture books may be categorized into five types: (1) alphabet books, (2) toys books, (3) concept books, (4) wordless picture books and (5) picture books.
Maximum principle for stochastic optimal control problem of finite state forward‐backward stochastic difference systems

This article studies the maximum principle for stochastic optimal control problems of forward‐backward stochastic difference systems (FBS Δ Ss) where the uncertainty is modeled by a discrete time, finite state process, rather than white noises. Two distinct forms of FBS Δ Ss are investigated. The first one is described by a partially coupled forward‐backward stochastic difference equation (FBS Δ E) and the second one is described by a fully coupled FBS Δ E. We deduce the adjoint difference equation by adopting an appropriate representation of the product rule and a proper formulation of the backward stochastic difference equation (BS Δ E). Finally, the maximum principle for this optimal control problem with the convex control domain is established.
NGC 7457: evidence for merger-driven cylindrical rotation in disc galaxies

We construct Schwarzschild orbit-based models of NGC 7457, known as a peculiar low-mass lenticular galaxy. Our best-fitting model successfully retrieves most of the unusual kinematics behaviours of this galaxy, in which, the orbital distribution of stars is dominated by warm and hot orbits. The reconstructed surface brightness of the hot component matches fairly well the photometric bulge and the reconstructed LOSVD map of this component shows clear rotation around the major photometric axis of the galaxy. In the absence of a dominant cold component, the outer part of our model is dominated by warm orbits, representing an exponential thick disc. Our orbital analysis also confirms the existence of a counter-rotating orbital substructure in the very centre, reported in previous observational studies. By comparing our model with a variety of simulation studies, and considering the stellar kinematics and populations properties of this galaxy, we suggest that the thick disc is most likely a dynamically heated structure, formed through the interactions and accretion of satellite(s) with near-polar initial inclination. We also suggest a merger-driven process as the most plausible scenario to explain the observed and dynamically modelled properties of the bulge of NGC 7457. We conclude that both the high level of cylindrical rotation and unusually low velocity dispersion reported for the NGC 7457 have most likely external origins. Therefore, NGC 7457 could be considered as a candidate for merger-driven cylindrical rotation in the absence of a strong bar in disc galaxies.