Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clozapine-induced stuttering: an estimate of prevalence in the west of Ireland

Objectives: Clozapine is the most effective treatment available for treatment-resistant schizophrenia; however, it is also associated with a large array of adverse effects that limits its tolerability. A number of previous case reports have noted an association between clozapine and stuttering, however the rate of this possible adverse effect is yet to be established. Methods: In this paper, we present six cases of patients treated with clozapine who developed stuttering. Results: Clozapine was associated with stuttering in 0.92% of individuals treated with clozapine in the region. Clozapine-induced stuttering was associated with an increase in treatment dose or with dose titration at initiation of clozapine in five individuals, with dose reduction or slower dose titration associated with a cessation of stuttering in these cases. Conclusions: This is the largest case series to date examining clozapine-induced stuttering and indicates that clozapine-induced stuttering is a relatively common adverse effect that can be managed by a slower titration of clozapine dosage or a modest reduction in dose in most cases.
Genome size distributions indicate variability and similarities among marine viral assemblages from diverse environments

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to determine the size distributions of virus‐like DNA in seawater from diverse environments (Arctic Ocean, Ross Sea, coastal Pacific Ocean, and northern Adriatic Sea). Changes in DNA banding patterns indicated that shifts in the viral assemblage composition occurred on the order of #2 d during an intense dinoflagellate bloom in coastal Pacific waters. Different DNA banding patterns from diverse locations also indicated spatial variability in composition, but all of the samples analyzed had similar features. Size frequency distributions for virus‐like genomes (VLGs) were multimodal, with major peaks occurring around 31–36 kilobases (kb) and 58–63 kb. The smallest discrete band resolved was 26 kb, the largest was >200 kb, and the overall mean VLG size was 50 ± 4 kb (mean ± SD, n = 30). On average in surface seawater, >90% of the VLGs occurred in the 26–69 kb size range, and at least half were between 28 and 45 kb. This first extensive survey of viral genome sizes in seawater indicates that most marine viruses have physical properties similar to other known viruses. The distributions revealed that the vast majority of the detected VLGs had sizes typical of bacteriophages, whereas only a few percent were in the size range of known algal viruses.
Applying the Motivation, Opportunity, Ability (MOA) Model, and Self-Efficacy (S-E) to Better Understand Student Engagement on Undergraduate Event Management Programs

Considering the motivation, opportunity, ability (MOA) model and the self-efficacy (S-E) component of the social cognitive theory (SCT), this article aims to examine through a series of four research questions whether such models can help to determine how students engage with their program of study. Furthermore, the article will determine factors that influence student engagement in event management (EM) degree programs and seek to understand how EM students engage with their reading and interact within classroom-based environments. In doing so, the article will contribute to the existing debates on inclusive teaching and learning in higher education (HE), and provide a link towards creating more professional and employable graduates. Self-efficacy refers to beliefs in one's capabilities to learn or perform at designated levels. Much research has demonstrated that self-efficacy influences academic motivation, learning, and achievement; particularly within science, technology, English, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. With this in mind, this research aims to investigate the frame conditions mentioned that surround both self and group efficacy and seeks to reveal whether the above models can be used to better understand the engagement and subsequent performance of undergraduate EM students. This analysis will enable academics to better understand the role of MOA and S-E, how these develop over a program of study, and thereby provide a boost to student self-efficacy. By doing so, the best possible educational experience and results in higher education can be achieved.
Seasonal acclimatization determined by non-invasive measurements of coat insulation.

Seasonal acclimatization in terrestrial mammals in the Northern Hemisphere involves changes in coat insulation. It is more economical to provide increased insulation than increased heat production for protection against the cold. This study was done to test a technique for the non-invasive measurement of mammal coat insulation and to measure coat insulation over several seasons on captive exotics. The working hypothesis was that species that have no coat or have a coat that does not change seasonally do not acclimatize seasonally. Three surface temperature readings were measured from the torso area. The insulation was calculated using measured metabolic rates and body temperature when possible. The African elephants, giraffe and okapi did not acclimatize with average maximum insulation values of 0.256°Cm(2) W(-1) . The Amur tigers and mountain goats acclimatized to seasonal ambient conditions by increasing the insulation values of the hair coats in the cold with an average maximum insulation values of 0.811°Cm(2) W(-1) . The cold adapted species are more than three times more insulated in the cold than the equatorial species. The husbandry implications of exotics that have no ability to acclimatize to Northern Hemisphere seasonal ambient changes are profound. Giraffe, African elephants, and okapi when exposed to cold conditions with ambient air temperatures below 21°C will use body energy reserves to maintain a heat balance and will require housing that provides ambient conditions of 21°C.
Effect of Oxidation-Induced Tensile Strain on Gate-All-Around Silicon-Nanowire-Based Single-Electron Transistor Fabricated Using Deep-UV Lithography

We report on the electrical characteristics of gate-all-around silicon nanowires (SiNWs) based single-electron transistors (SETs) operating at room temperature. The SiNWs, fabricated using CMOS compatible conventional KrF lithography, have a diameter of around 3 nm and different lengths ranging from 200 to 500 nm. Coulomb blockade oscillations are found to be dependent on the length of the SiNWs, more prominent for longer than shorter SiNWs. For the shortest device of 200 nm, no oscillation is seen and the ID - VG curve reverts to that of a typical MOSFET. The results are interpreted in terms of the effect of SiNW length on the oxidation-induced tensile strain, and consequently, the tunneling barrier height developed in the wires. The study reveals that the SiNW length is a crucial parameter in the design of SiNW-based SETs.
The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty in the Qatari telecommunication sector

This study aims at examining the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Customer Loyalty (CL) within the Telecommunication sector in the State of Qatar, the market in Qatar consists of two telecommunication providers; Ooredoo Qatar and Vodafone Qatar. Moreover, the study examines whether selected demographics (gender, age, income level and educational level) play any role in moderating the potential relation between CSR and CL. In order to accomplish this, the study utilized a descriptive analytical methodology and a quantitative research approach utilizing survey strategy. Using personally submitted questionnaires, 476 filtered and screened questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software. The study revealed that customers perceived CSR activities as an essential element for them and for the operating organizations as well, moreover their awareness of such activities was salient through their responses to the questionnaire in place, and as a result, CSR activities were found to have a positive direct significant impact on CL. As for the suggested demographics, gender, age, and educational level didn’t play any significant effective role in moderating the impact of CSR on CL. On the other hand, the Income Level slightly enhanced the original relationship between CSR and CL, as the higher the income level, the more CSR activities impact CL. Based on the results of the study, the researchers recommend that telecommunication providers should continue conducting CSR activities and focus more on ethical, economic, and environmental dimensions of CSR. Providers should also work on communicating their CSR activities to the public and customers to increase customer loyalty and maintain their market share. Recommendations for future research based on the results are also provided .
Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation Using Passive RFID in Indoor Environment

This paper proposes an efficient method for localization and pose estimation for mobile robot navigation using passive radio-frequency identification (RFID). We assume that the robot is able to identify IC tags and measure the robot's pose based on the relation between the previous and current location according to the IC tags. However, there arises the problem of uncertainty of location due to the nature of the antenna and IC tags. In other words, an error is always present which is relative to the sensing area of the antenna. Many researches have used external sensors in order to reduce the location errors, with few researches presented involving purely RFID driven systems. Our proposed algorithm that uses only passive RFID is able to estimate the robot's location and orientation more precisely by using trigonometric functions and the IC tags' Cartesian coordinates in a regular gridlike pattern. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively estimates both the location and the pose of a mobile robot during navigation.
Towards Scalable Visual Navigation of Micro Aerial Vehicles

Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) have built a formidable résumé by making themselves useful in a number of important applications, from disaster scene surveillance and package delivery to robots used in aerial imaging, architecture and construction. The most important benefit of using such lightweight MAVs is that it allows the capability to fly at high speeds in space-constrained environments. While autonomous operations in structured motion-capture systems has has been well studied in general, enabling resource-efficient, persistent navigation methods for long-term autonomy in unstructured and dynamic environments is still an open problem in current robotics research. In this thesis, we take a small step in this direction and present a scalable framework for robust visual navigation of MAVs in the wild. Our first contribution is a toolbox of approaches for perception, planning and control of agile, low-cost MAVs in cluttered urban and natural outdoor environments, based on a monocular camera as the main exteroceptive sensor. In particular, we present novel geometry and data-driven depth estimation methods for nontranslational camera motion and dynamic scenes, where traditional structure from motion (SfM) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) techniques do not apply, with accuracy comparable to that of a stereo setup. Second, we propose a generic framework for introspection in autonomous robots. As robots aspire for complete autonomy in human-centric environments, accurate situational awareness becomes a critical requirement for verifiable safety standards. We call this self-evaluating capability, to assess how qualified they are at that moment to make a decision, as introspection. Inspired by this, we advocate the need to build systems with the ability to take mission-critical decisions in ambiguous situations and present a failure prediction and recovery framework for perception systems. Finally, our third contribution towards developing a scalable autonomous behavior is a framework for knowledge transfer across robots and environments. We argue that for many learning based robot tasks, it is not possible to obtain training data. The ability to transfer knowledge gained in previous tasks into new contexts is one of the most important mechanisms of human learning. In this work, we develop a similar technique for learning transferable motion policies i.e. solve a learning problem in a target domain by utilizing the training data in a different but related source domain. The proposed algorithms are quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated on a variety of datasets and validated through real-world field experiments. Our experiments demonstrate that our contributions help to build a scalable, accurate, and computationally feasible visual navigation system for micro aerial vehicles in the wild.
Whose voice is heard? The influence of user-generated versus company-generated content on consumer scepticism towards CSR

ABSTRACT Social media is increasingly used to communicate corporate social responsibility (CSR). Stakeholders respond to CSR messages with user-generated content (UGC), signalling approval or disapproval, potentially shaping consumers’ perceived legitimacy and scepticism towards CSR. Few studies have explored how UGC shapes these consumer responses. In the context of the UK food retail industry, this study explored what makes UGC more or less believed than company-generated CSR communication on social media. Through qualitative inquiry, the study identified that unique characteristics of social media, such as system-generated cues, lead UGC to be more believed than company-generated content, shaping perceived legitimacy. The study indicates the risks of communicating CSR through social media may be greater than previously suggested. It identifies recipient-related conditions under which these risks can be minimised.
EXPLORING THE DIFFERENT PATH WAYS INFLUENCING ADOPTION OF IMPROVED CASSAVA TECHNOLOGIES

To achieve improved production levels, farmers need to master new skills and learn to manage and manipulate relevant agricultural information. Information is one of the basic human needs after air, water, food, and shelter and thus could be said to be one of the basic necessities of life. Therefore, how far farmers progress in their farm enterprises depends largely on the availability of and access to accurate and reliable information. This study is to assess dissemination path ways of improved technologies of cassava cultivation and the impact of adoption of these technologies on farm household’s yields, incomes, and food security. With the use of a concurrent mixed method approach, employed in the setting of Nsuta and Wenchi, selected districts in Ghana, the study found that farmers were more eager about accessing agricultural information from various dissemination pathways; predominantly extension agents, farmer fields, radio and demonstrations within their localities. However, access to agricultural information by the cassava farmers in this study setting were constrained by time, cost and cultural barriers. Therefore, the study recommends a sound communication strategy to effectively and quickly disseminate the latest agricultural technologies to farming communities and aid individual farmers in adopting them.
Repetitive sequences in complete and defective genomes of Herpesvirus saimiri

Two types of Herpesvirus saimiri genomes can be isolated from purified virions: (i) the M genome is a double-stranded, liniear DNA molecule with a mean contour length corresponding to 89 times 10-6 daltons. The M genome contains about 70% of unique sequences (light DNA, 36% guanine plus cytosine) and 30% reiterated sequences (heavy DNA, 71% guanine plus cytosine). (ii) the H genome is composed of heavy DNA only and is more heterogeneous in size. The sequences in the H genome are up to 40-fold reiterated, indicating defectiveness of this type of genome. The repetitions in the H genome and the M genome cross-hybridize almost completely and have identical kinetic complexity (2.8 times 10-6 daltons). DNA infectivity studies by using the calcium phosphate and the DEAE-dextran method gave further evidence that H genomes are defective: no infectious virus was recovered from permissive cells treated with heavy DNA, whereas M genome-infected cells developed cytopathic changes after 11 to 56 days. Defective H genomes were present in the progeny virus two passages after transfection.
Intensive Case Management as a Jail Diversion Program for People With a Serious Mental Illness

This article reviews the research on intensive case management (ICM) programs as a jail diversion intervention for people with a serious mental illness (SMI). The review includes two types of ICM programs: (a) general ICM programs that included an assessment of arrests and incarceration rates for people with an SMI and (b) ICM programs specifically implemented as a component of a jail diversion intervention for people with an SMI. Results indicate that general ICM programs (19) rarely led to reductions in jail or arrest rates over time, and these rates were similar to those found in standard mental health services. General ICM programs that included an integrated addiction treatment component (8) had mixed results but a trend toward reductions in rates of arrests and incarceration over time for individuals with an SMI and a co-occurring substance use disorder. Results were mixed for jail diversion interventions with an ICM program, but most ICM programs (8) led to significant reductions in arrests and incarcerations over time. Specific elements of effective ICM jail diversion programs are discussed.
The global governance of crime and illegal markets: What are the implications for cyberspace?

Curbing crime has increasingly become a transnational endeavor: The global integration of markets fueled the possibilities of illegal transactions and the infiltration of legal economies, resulting in a new field for law enforcement authorities, businesses and civil society. While the governance of global crime and illegal markets have always been a catch-up between criminal and policing activities, the rising significance of cyberspace for legal and illegal transactions added yet another challenge. The non-territoriality of cyberspace, problems of attribution and asymmetries in public and private capabilities are just some of the problems that seem to set limits for adequate governance. Cybersecurity and cybercrime is built upon a mobile environment in which the location can flexibly be changed, and faraway servers can be used. Cyberspace not only creates new crimes, such as the hacking of sensitive infrastructure and data theft, but also makes a set of offences significantly easier, such as identify theft, fraud and blackmail. Additionally, it provides a non-territorial market place for legal as well as illegal transactions, on which anything between ivory, Viagra and weapons change owners. The governance of cyberspace has thus become an important topic and one for which the international dimension is crucial. We analyze this new setting from a governance perspective, focusing on the particularities of international negotiations and regulations, in the absence of a supreme sovereign to enforce agreements. The governance perspective also emphasizes the particularities of multi-level settings that require involvement of regional, national and sub-national actors, including the contribution of non-state actors to regulation (Benz 2004). Still, the ‘governance of crime’ and the ‘governance of illegal markets’ have doublemeanings: One meaning refers to the internal dimension – how criminals conduct crime, establish and control a market. The other refers to the external dimension – how states and other actors want to limit crime and illegal market activities. The internal dimension implies that the state is largely absent and criminal groups establish rules, provide security and cause insecurity (e.g. Andreas 2009; Idler and Forest 2015; Risse 2011; von Lampe 2016).
Citizen Preferences toward e-Government City Portals - An empirical Analysis of Full Online, Mobile and Social Media Services

Governments worldwide increasingly provide public services via e-Government city portals. During the last decade, e-Government practice has developed from a rudimentary use to an establishment of holistic citizen platforms offering different public e-Services. Recently, public e-Service provision has shifted toward three main developments involving full online service provision, public social media, and mobile government. Despite practical significance regarding these emerging trends and corresponding adapted citizen needs, understanding city portal user preferences is a neglected research issue. Therefore, this study carries out an explorative research approach to get insights into citizen preferences in order to provide implications for an efficient portal management and to contribute to the current scientific discourse regarding user-centric e-Government.
Effect of fluconazole on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of delavirdine in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients

Fluconazole, an inhibitor of certain human cytochrome P-450 isozymes, is used for the prevention and treatment of a broad range of fungal infections that predominantly affect immunocompromised individuals. This study evaluated the influence of fluconazole on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of delavirdine, a nonnucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase, in 13 HIV-1-infected patients with CD4 counts ranging from 186 to 480/mm3. Both the control group (n = 5) and the fluconazole group (n = 8) received 300 mg of delavirdine mesylate every 8 h for 30 days; subjects in the fluconazole group took a 400-mg, once-daily dose of fluconazole on study days 16 to 30. Harvested plasma from serial blood samples collected on days 15, 16, and 30 were assayed for concentrations of delavirdine and its N-desalkyl metabolite by a reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Blood samples obtained on days 16 and 30 were also assayed for fluconazole by HPLC. Delavirdine mesylate alone and in combination with fluconazole was well tolerated. There were no significant differences (P > 0.16) in delavirdine pharmacokinetic parameters between treatment groups on day 15 or day 30. After coadministration of fluconazole and delavirdine mesylate for 2 weeks (day 30), no significant differences (P > 0.058) were observed in any delavirdine pharmacokinetic parameters relative to those after receiving delavirdine mesylate alone (day 15) after in the fluconazole group. Fluconazole pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those previously reported for healthy volunteers and HIV-positive patients. On the basis of these findings, fluconazole and delavirdine mesylate may be taken concurrently without adjustment of the dose of either drug.
Reflections of the changes in patent ductus arteriosus management during the last 10 years

Despite a large body of scientific evidence on the management of premature infants with a patent ductus arteriosus controversy remains and neonatologists remain challenged for knowing which patient to treat, what is the most optimal timing of treatment and which treatments have a positive impact on both short-term and long-term outcomes. In this review article we discuss the increased body of evidence over the past 10 years, much of which questions the role of treatment and suggests the need to reconsider how haemodynamic significance is adjudicated. In addition, we discuss novel approaches to assessment and diagnosis, and highlight areas for future investigation.