Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating male sexual diversity into violence prevention efforts with men and boys: evidence from the Asia-Pacific Region

Abstract Men’s perpetration of gender-based violence remains a global public health issue. Violence prevention experts call for engagement of boys and men to change social norms around masculinity in order to prevent gender-based violence. Yet, men do not comprise a homogenous category. Drawing on probability estimates of men who report same-sex practices and preferences captured in a multi-country gender-based violence prevention survey in the Asia-Pacific region, we test the effects of sexuality-related factors on men’s adverse life experiences. We find that sexual minority men face statistically higher risk of lifetime adversity related to gender-based violence, stemming from gender inequitable norms in society. Sexuality is thus a key axis of differentiation among men in the Asia-Pacific region, influencing health and wellbeing and reflecting men’s differential engagement with dominant norms of masculinity. Integrating awareness of male sexual diversity into gender-based violence prevention interventions, particularly those that work with boys and men, and bridging violence prevention programming between sexual minority communities and women, are essential to tackle the root drivers of violence.
TRAP1 controls cell cycle G2–M transition through the regulation of CDK1 and MAD2 expression/ubiquitination

Regulation of tumour cell proliferation by molecular chaperones is still a complex issue. Here, the role of the HSP90 molecular chaperone TRAP1 in cell cycle regulation was investigated in a wide range of human breast, colorectal, and lung carcinoma cell lines, and tumour specimens. TRAP1 modulates the expression and/or the ubiquitination of key cell cycle regulators through a dual mechanism: (i) transcriptional regulation of CDK1, CYCLIN B1, and MAD2, as suggested by gene expression profiling of TRAP1‐silenced breast carcinoma cells; and (ii) post‐transcriptional quality control of CDK1 and MAD2, being the ubiquitination of these two proteins enhanced upon TRAP1 down‐regulation. Mechanistically, TRAP1 quality control on CDK1 is crucial for its regulation of mitotic entry, since TRAP1 interacts with CDK1 and prevents CDK1 ubiquitination in cooperation with the proteasome regulatory particle TBP7, this representing the limiting factor in TRAP1 regulation of the G2–M transition. Indeed, TRAP1 silencing results in enhanced CDK1 ubiquitination, lack of nuclear translocation of CDK1/cyclin B1 complex, and increased MAD2 degradation, whereas CDK1 forced up‐regulation partially rescues low cyclin B1 and MAD2 levels and G2–M transit in a TRAP1‐poor background. Consistently, the CDK1 inhibitor RO‐3306 is less active in a TRAP1‐high background. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between TRAP1 and Ki67, CDK1 and/or MAD2 expression in breast, colorectal, and lung human tumour specimens. This study represents the first evidence that TRAP1 is relevant in the control of the complex machinery that governs cell cycle progression and mitotic entry and provides a strong rationale to regard TRAP1 as a biomarker to select tumours with deregulated cell cycle progression and thus likely poorly responsive to novel cell cycle inhibitors. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in 2014 July. It pursues three core programs: the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2), Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA), and the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). As well as its core program, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS). This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13). DR13 makes publicly available the first 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing the Sloan Extended QUasar, Emission-line galaxy, Luminous red galaxy Survey (SEQUELS), which also targeted variability-selected objects and X-ray-selected objects. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification, and new reductions of the SDSS-III APOGEE-1 data, improving stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. DR13 provides more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Value-added target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE are also available. This paper describes the location and format of the data and provides references to important technical papers. The SDSS web site, http://www.sdss. org, provides links to the data, tutorials, examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ∼6 yr operations of SDSS-IV.
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a marker of cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents

Background and aim of the work: High-sensiti- vity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a marker of low grade inflammatory state, which characterises an atherosclerotic process. The metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance and a systemic low-grade inflammatory state. These disorders may arise at a very early age in obese children. We aimed to assess the utility of (hsCRP) as a marker of cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 100 obese child and adolescents (6-16 years). 50 apparently healthy children of matched age and sex served as control. All patients and controls were subjected to: 1-complete history taking. 2-anthropometric measurements and clinical examination including body height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure. 3-laboratory investigations in- cluding fasting glucose, lipid profile, apolipoprotiens and (hsCRP) were assessed. Metabolic syndrome patients had to meet three out of five criteria: concentration of triglycerides (TG) ≥ 110 mg/dL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C) ≤ 40 mg/dL, waist circumference ≥ 90th percentile, glucose concentration ≥ 110 mg/dL, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90th percentile. Results, height, weight BMI and blood pressure were significantly higher in the obese than the control. Obese group had significantly higher (hsCRP) levels than control group, (p 3.0 mg/L, a concentration considered to place adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease. In multiple logistic regression analysis only abdominal obesity was significantly associated with (hsCRP). Conclusion: me- tabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity among our patients predispose to cardiovascular disease later in life through early low grade inflammation. (hsCRP) is one of the inflammatory markers that can be easily estimated in these patients.
Application of fungal and bacterial production methodologies to decomposing leaves in streams

As leaves enter woodland streams, they are colonized by both fungi and bacteria. To determine the contribution of each of these microbial groups to the decomposition process, comparisons of fungal and bacterial production are needed. Recently, a new method for estimating fungal production based on rates of [(sup14)C]acetate incorporation into ergosterol was described. Bacterial production in environmental samples has been determined from rates of [(sup3)H]leucine incorporation into protein. In this study, we evaluated conditions necessary to use these methods for estimating fungal and bacterial production associated with leaves decomposing in a stream. During incubation of leaf disks with radiolabeled substrates, aeration increased rates of fungal incorporation but decreased bacterial production. Incorporation of both radiolabeled substrates by microorganisms associated with leaf litter was linear over the time periods examined (2 h for bacteria and 4 h for fungi). Incorporation of radiolabeled substrates present at different concentrations indicated that 400 nM leucine and 5 mM acetate maximized uptake for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Growth rates and rates of acetate incorporation into ergosterol followed similar patterns when fungi were grown on leaf disks in the laboratory. Three species of stream fungi exhibited similar ratios of rates of biomass increase to rates of acetate incorporation into ergosterol, with a mean of 19.3 (mu)g of biomass per nmol of acetate incorporated. Both bacterial and fungal production increased exponentially with increasing temperature. In the stream that we examined, fungal carbon production was 11 to 26 times greater than bacterial carbon production on leaves colonized for 21 days.
Citations.

[Note: Please report citations for publications by the membership—to include scholarship, reviews, criticism, essays, and any other published works which would benefit the membership to read. You may submit citations on behalf of yourself or other members to Kurt Blythe at kcblythe@email.unc. edu. Contributions on behalf of fellow members will be cleared with the author(s) before they are printed. Include contact information with submissions. ]
Clinical application of a stereolithographic surgical guide for simple positioning of orthodontic mini-implants.

AIM To describe a clinical application of a new surgical guide system that uses cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, an implant-positioning program (SimPlant), and stereolithography to make a surgical guide for accurate placement of orthodontic mini-implants. METHODS A patient who was planning to have orthodontic mini-implant treatment on the posterior maxilla was recruited to assess the feasibility of using CBCT images in an implant-positioning guide program (SimPlant 9.02, Materilise, Leuven, Belgium). Acquisition slices for the posterior maxilla were 0.15 mm in panoramic mode of PSR 9000N model (Asahi Roentgen, Kyoto, Japan). The surgical guide for the mini-implant was fabricated from the transported CBCT data. RESULTS The completed surgical guide was easily placed intra-orally and permitted simple and rapid placement of the mini-implant. The site of the implant placement was accurate, while the vector varied slightly from the planned vector. CONCLUSION A postplacement CBCT demonstrated accurate placement of the mini-implant on the left and a minor discrepancy between the simulated mini-implant position and clinical position on the right. Improvements in the CBCT resolution and laser-scanning technology are likely to eliminate any discrepancies.
Characterization of murine A-raf, a new oncogene related to the v-raf oncogene

A 1.6-kilobase cDNA (A-raf) has been isolated from a murine spleen cDNA library which encodes part of a protein related to the raf oncogene. Its amino acid sequence has 85% homology to raf in a central portion of 100 amino acids. In contrast to raf, A-raf shows a highly restricted tissue distribution of expression, with highest levels observed in epididymis, followed by intestine. When incorporated into a retrovirus, the resulting gag-A-raf fusion gene causes transformation in vitro and induces tumors in newborn mice. Thus, A-raf represents a new proto-oncogene. Transformation by A-raf is independent of ras gene function, as is the case for raf and mos but not other oncogenes.
Early identification of patients at risk of acute lung injury: evaluation of lung injury prediction score in a multicenter cohort study.

RATIONALE Accurate, early identification of patients at risk for developing acute lung injury (ALI) provides the opportunity to test and implement secondary prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency and outcome of ALI development in patients at risk and validate a lung injury prediction score (LIPS). METHODS In this prospective multicenter observational cohort study, predisposing conditions and risk modifiers predictive of ALI development were identified from routine clinical data available during initial evaluation. The discrimination of the model was assessed with area under receiver operating curve (AUC). The risk of death from ALI was determined after adjustment for severity of illness and predisposing conditions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Twenty-two hospitals enrolled 5,584 patients at risk. ALI developed a median of 2 (interquartile range 1-4) days after initial evaluation in 377 (6.8%; 148 ALI-only, 229 adult respiratory distress syndrome) patients. The frequency of ALI varied according to predisposing conditions (from 3% in pancreatitis to 26% after smoke inhalation). LIPS discriminated patients who developed ALI from those who did not with an AUC of 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.82). When adjusted for severity of illness and predisposing conditions, development of ALI increased the risk of in-hospital death (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.9-5.7). CONCLUSIONS ALI occurrence varies according to predisposing conditions and carries an independently poor prognosis. Using routinely available clinical data, LIPS identifies patients at high risk for ALI early in the course of their illness. This model will alert clinicians about the risk of ALI and facilitate testing and implementation of ALI prevention strategies. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT00889772).
Conformations of Chlorophylls a and a′ and their Magnesium-Free Derivatives as Revealed by Circular Dichroism and Proton Magnetic Resonance

Abstract The electronic absorption (UV/VIS), circular dichroism (CD) and proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra have been recorded for C-10 epimeric chlorophylls a and a′, pheophytins a and a′ as well as pheophorbides a and a′. Although the epimers in each pair showed virtually identical UV/VIS spectra, their CD spectra were profoundly different and exhibited opposite signs at most wavelengths in the UV region. The differences were interpreted as arising, in part, from different C-10 configurations, and, in part, from conformational alterations induced by the steric strain in the crowded periphery of the macrocycle. The conformational alterations were also clearly indicated by the 1H NMR Δδ-values observed for the α,β and δ methine protons, the C-10 protons and most methyl group protons of the epimers in each pair. This was considered to imply changes in the geometry of the whole macrocycle. The Δδ-values were larger for the Mg-free epimers than for the chlorophyll epimers, which shows that the central Mg-atom makes the macrocycle more rigid. Correlations between the signs of the CD bands and configurations are discussed.
Si nanowire CMOS fabricated with minimal deviation from RMG FinFET technology showing record performance

We demonstrate a process flow for creating gate-all-around (GAA) Si nanowire (SiNW) MOSFETs with minimal deviation from conventional replacement metal gate (RMG) finFET technology as used in high-volume manufacturing. Using this technique, we demonstrate the highest DC performance shown for GAA SiNW MOSFETs at sub-100 nm gate pitch, and functional high-speed ring oscillators.
Cholesterol-lowering effects of calcium carbonate in patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.

BACKGROUND In recent years, several authors have noted that oral calcium treatment was associated with a reduction in serum cholesterol level. METHODS Calcium carbonate was examined for its ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients. Fifty-six patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia were examined in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Patients were treated with a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet targeted at the American Heart Association Step-1 diet for 8 weeks before and while receiving placebo or calcium carbonate (9.98 mmol [400 mg] of elemental calcium) three times daily with meals for 6 weeks. Patients were then crossed over to the alternate treatment for an additional 6-week period. RESULTS Compared with placebo, calcium carbonate achieved a 4.4% reduction in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and a 4.1% increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased by 6.5% with calcium carbonate treatment. Calcium carbonate treatment did not significantly affect blood pressure or serum levels of triglycerides, lipoprotein Apo B, or calcium. Relative urinary saturation ratios of calcium oxalate levels were unchanged during calcium carbonate therapy. Compliance with diet and treatment was excellent and no significant adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS Thus, calcium carbonate was a modestly effective and well-tolerated adjunct to diet in the management of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia in this clinical study.
Immunocytochemical and histochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in the turtle retina

Abstract Recent interest in nitric oxide and its relationship to cGMP has produced many attempts to anatomically localize the enzyme synthesizing nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase. In the retina, numerous previous studies have used the NADPH-diaphorase enzyme activity of nitric oxide synthase as a histochemical method to localize nitric oxide synthase. However, all NADPH-diaphorase activity is not necessarily nitric oxide synthase, because several enzymes have similar biochemical activity. Additionally, various histochemical methods have been used to demonstrate NADPH-diaphorase activity, which makes comparisons between studies difficult. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we wanted to examine the histochemical labeling of NADPH-diaphorase in the turtle retina to allow comparisons to previous studies. Second, we wanted to compare the histochemical localization of NADPH-diaphorase activity to the immunocytochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in the turtle retina. Our histochemical localization of NADPH-diaphorase activity and our localization of nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina both produced similar results. Both the histochemistry and immunocytochemistry consistently labeled photoreceptor inner segments, at least three amacrine cell types, and processes in the inner plexiform layer. In optimized double-labeled preparations, all cells with NADPH-diaphorase activity were also positive for nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity, although some somata in the ganglion cell layer only had nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity. The immunocytochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in photoreceptors, amacrine cells, and putative ganglion cells indicates that nitric oxide may function at several levels of visual processing in the turtle retina.
Are female monarch butterflies declining in eastern North America? Evidence of a 30-year change in sex ratios at Mexican overwintering sites

Every autumn the entire eastern North American population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) undergoes a spectacular migration to overwintering sites in the mountains of central Mexico, where they form massive clusters and can number in the millions. Since their discovery, these sites have been extensively studied, and in many of these studies, monarchs were captured and sexes recorded. In a recent effort to compile the sex ratio data from these published records, a surprising trend was found, which appears to show a gradual decline in proportion of females over time. Sex ratio data from 14 collections of monarchs, all spanning 30 years and totaling 69 113 individuals, showed a significant negative correlation between proportion of females and year (r = −0.69, p = 0.007). Between 1976 and 1985, 53 per cent of overwintering monarchs were female, whereas in the last decade, 43 per cent were female. The relationship was significant with and without weighting the analyses by sampling effort. Moreover, analysis of a recent three-year dataset of sex ratios revealed no variation among nine separate colonies, so differences in sampling location did not influence the trend. Additional evidence from autumn migration collections appears to confirm that proportions of females are declining, and also suggests the sex ratio is shifting on breeding grounds. While breeding monarchs face a number of threats, one possibility is an increase in prevalence of the protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, which recent evidence shows affects females more so than males. Further study will be needed to determine the exact cause of this trend, but for now it should be monitored closely.
Incidence of calcaneal spurs in osteo-arthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis, and in control patients.

The aim of this study is to compare the radio- logical incidence of calcaneal spurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteo-arthrosis, and controls. Calcaneal spurs are outgrowths of bone into tendon and ligamentous attachments, appearing mainly at two points (Figs 1 and 2a, b); one at the posterior aspect of the calcaneus near the insertion of the Achilles tendon and the other on the inferior aspect of the calcaneus at the epiphyseal line, coinciding with the insertion of the posterior fibres of the long plantar ligament. negative erythrocyte serum acid levels. the presence and incidence of calcaneal spurs in osteo-arthrosis has not previously been described. The present investigation shows that calcaneal spurs are very frequent in patients with osteo- arthrosis elsewhere (compared with controls of the same age group), that the frequency rises with age, and that there is no difference between the sexes. The incidence of spurs in cases of rheumatoid disease is slightly higher than in normal controls. Inferior spurs are commoner than posterior spurs, but whether the spurs are inferior or posterior, they are usually bilateral and symmetrical.
RIGID BODY , POWERTRAIN , AND FE ANALYSES

Vehicle analysis models of any kind have their basis in some type of physical representation of the design domain. Rather than describing three-dimensional continua of a collection of components as is done in detail-level CAD models, an architecture-level abstraction describes fundamental function and arrangement, while capturing just enough physical detail to be used as the basis for a meaningful design space representation and eventually, analyses that permit architecture assessment. The design information captured by the abstractions is available at the very earliest stages of the vehicle development process, so the model itself can function as a “design space for ideas”. In this paper we describe vehicle architecture abstractions appropriate for integrated model extractions suitable for geometric, inertial, rigid body, acceleration, braking, fuel efficiency, structural, and NVH assessments. Additionally, we discuss the requisite level of information required for each analysis type.
An Ad hoc cooperative routing algorithm based on symmetric link selection

Routing problems based on cooperative transmission for multi-hop wireless Ad hoc network have been studied in this paper. Inspired by Multipoint Relay computation, a cooperative routing algorithm is proposed in Ad hoc network, which select cooperative neighbors for cooperative transmission by checking whether the links between the node and its neighbors are symmetric or not. The performances of the proposed cooperative routing algorithm and the non-cooperative routing algorithm are compared. The simulation results show that the cooperative routing algorithm's capability parameters, like deliver ratio, are better than the non-cooperative routing algorithm. Furthermore, we try to find the optimal number of cooperative nodes at each cooperative transmission stage.