Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of sparse-seeded mutant kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) through budwood irradiation

Kinnow is the major fruit of Pakistan and has a high export potential due to its excellent fruit and juice quality. However, high number of seeds (25 ± 5) per fruit is limiting its export on a large scale. Benefiting from the induced mutations for selectivity, especially in the vegetatively propagated fruit crops like citrus, induced mutation for seedlessness in Kinnow with gamma irradiation of dormant bud which was attempted at the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad. Dormant bud irradiation-cum-grafting technique was employed, using the Citrus jambhiri rootstock for propagation of the scion. A sparse seeded (5 ± 3 seeds/fruit) mutant was evolved from an exposure dose of 20 Gy. The mutant was put to the conventional propagation up to mV 5 , for confirmation of the continuity of the mutation. The sparse seeded mutation was found to be a solid and stable one. The quality parameters in fruit and juice of the mutant were comparable with its parent. Key words : Kinnow, seedlessness, dormant bud, gamma irradiation, mutant kinnow.
INFLUENCE OF INULIN AND POTENTIALLY PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM STRAIN ON MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SOFT CHEESE

The influence of inulin HPX and potentially probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 14 strain on microbial quality and organoleptic properties of soft cheese were studied. Also the effect of inulin on probiotic concentration was examined during 45 days of storage at 6°C. Four versions of soft cheese were produced: (1) control without synbiotic, (2) with L. plantarum 14, (3) with inulin HPX 2.5 g/100 g of cheese, (4) with inulin HPX 2.5 g/100 g of cheese and L. plantarum 14. The number of potentially probiotic bacteria was affected by the addition of inulin HPX (p<0.05). In all probiotic cheeses the concentration of potentially probiotic strain was at a recommended level of 10 6 -10 7 cfu/g. Also sensory quality was positively affected by the presence of inulin in products. After production and 45 days of storage the most desirable properties possessed cheese produced with the addition' of inulin HPX, followed by control cheese. Microbial quality of all cheeses was satisfactory.
Polar plumes' orientation and the Sun's global magnetic field

We characterize the orientation of polar plumes as a tracer of the large-scale coronal magnetic field configuration. We monitor in particular the north and south magnetic pole locations and the magnetic opening during 2007-2008 and provide some understanding of the variations in these quantities. The polar plume orientation is determined by applying the Hough-wavelet transform to a series of EUV images and extracting the key Hough space parameters of the resulting maps. The same procedure is applied to the polar cap field inclination derived from extrapolating magnetograms generated by a surface flux transport model. We observe that the position where the magnetic field is radial (the Sun's magnetic poles) reflects the global organization of magnetic field on the solar surface, and we suggest that this opens the possibility of both detecting flux emergence anywhere on the solar surface (including the far side) and better constraining the reorganization of the corona after flux emergence.
Measuring Corporate R&D

The essay critically examines measurement of R&D. R&D capital and cited patents are used in the literature to measure R&D intensity and investigate market returns for R&D. The results are ambiguous. Previous literature suggests that patents are distinct from R&D expenditure, and R&D is influenced by competition. We suggest eight new measures based on the interplay between R&D and competition. We empirically test these measures on pharmaceutical and computer software industries which have the highest R&D intensities of all industries. The new measures are more significant than R&D capital and offer further insights on R&D in these industries. These measures help in capital allocation for R&D at firm level which maximizes stock returns.
High-resolution monitoring of Yok Balum Cave, Belize: An investigation of seasonal ventilation regimes and the atmospheric and drip-flow response to a local earthquake

The nature of cave ventilation is of interest to cavers, speleologists, and paleoclimatologists working with stalagmites. Because cave ventilation systematics may change over the growth span of a stalagmite, understanding what factors affect them is critical for determining events that may have affected climate proxies within the stalagmite. Similarly, understanding how the hydrology of the drips feeding a stalagmite evolves through time is key to building robust records of paleoclimate, particularly because stalagmite records have become critical archives of climate change information of the last 500,000 years. Here we present data from an extensive, on-going monitoring effort at Yok Balum Cave, Belize, initiated in 2011, that characterizes high-resolution ventilation dynamics at this site. Clear seasonal ventilation regimes exist, driven by thermally induced inside-outside air density differences. The winter regime is dominated by air inflow into the cave, decreased drawdown from the epikarst into the cave, and a limited diurnal signal. Conversely, summer ventilation is dominated by air outflow from the cave, greater CO2 drawdown and drip water degassing, and a strong diurnal signal. Active monitoring during a large (M7.4) earthquake in November 2012 provides a unique opportunity to assess the response of the cave atmosphere and hydrology to substantial seismic activity. Cave atmosphere dynamics and hydrology are found to be highly resilient to seismic activity, with no observable disturbance occurring around the earthquake, despite there being considerable evidence of physical disruption in the cave. Monitoring included different kinds of drips, and the earthquake affected none of the monitored drip types. This suggests that stalagmite-derived paleoclimate records are not affected by seismic activity, except in extreme cases where the stalagmite or conjugate stalactite is damaged or reoriented.
Actor-based signposting: A social perspective on modelling design processes

As a central issue in design research, there currently is no generic and overarching model than can satisfy common features on various design processes (DPs). The objective of providing actionable DP modelling frameworks that can be of practical use to design managers provided us to propose Actor-Based Signposting (ABS) as an extension of this established process modelling framework, and as a novel and integrated viewpoint on modelling DPs with a specific attention being cast on understanding the behaviour of actors involved in DP, along with their mutual influences as a source of uncertainty.
Does Culture Influence Tax Morale? Evidence from Different European Countries

There is considerable evidence that enforcement efforts cannot fully explain the high degree of tax compliance. Previous studies have found differences in compliance behaviour across cultures. Novel in this paper is to investigate the impact of culture differences within a country rather than between countries. Thus, the main purpose of the paper is to see how culture affects tax morale, using World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Survey (EVS) data. The empirical findings focus individually on Switzerland, Belgium and Spain, countries with a certain cultural variety. In general, the results indicate that the cultural background seems not to have a strong effect on tax morale within a country. However, there is evidence that there is a strong interaction between culture and institutions, which has a strong impact on tax morale.
Millennial Scale Sea Level Curve Estimation

Understanding past relative sea-level (RSL) changes is important to a number of social and scientific questions, including the effects of global climate change, the distribution of coastal environments, and future land-use planning. In particular, accurately characterizing millenia! sea-level changes is important in evaluating their relationship to ice-sheet dynamics and longterm climate trends. In this paper, we analyze sea-level data from several Maine salt marshes previously reported in a paper from the geological literature. We address these data with a "smooth transition"/approximate segmented regression model and account for the presence of covariate measurement error. Our model builds on previous methodological work and includes a more flexible model, two alternate computational techniques for estimating the parameters in the model, and asymptotic confidence intervals for our estimates. For these specific data, our model shows that the data from one site are anomalous and therefor warrant additional investigation. This important aspect of the data was not previously identified by a non-statistical analysis. In general, our technique offers a statistically justifiable method for using geological data with measurement errors to estimate actual RSL curves that can be compared to each other, independently determined climate records, or geophysical model results. Millennia! Scale Sea Level Curve Estimation John Staudenmayer* Naomi Altman Department of Biostatistics Department of Biometrics Harvard School of Public Health Cornell University Greg Balco Ciprian Crainiceanu Department of Geological Sciences Department of Statistical Science University of Washington Cornell University W. Roland Gehrels Jing Qiu Department of Geographical Sciences Department of Statistical Science University of Plymouth, UK Cornell University November 1, 2000 Abstract *jstauden@hsph.harvard. edu. This work was supported by NIEHS training grant number ES07261 at Cornell University. We would like to thank Patrick Sullivan for useful discussions and suggestions. Collection of sea-level index points along the coast of Maine was funded by a variety of sources, including NSF, NOAA, the Geological Society of America, and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This work is a contribution to IGCP Project 437 "Coastal Environmental Change During Sea-Level Highstands". Greg Balco was supported by a Hertz Foundation Graduate Fellowship.jstauden@hsph.harvard. edu. This work was supported by NIEHS training grant number ES07261 at Cornell University. We would like to thank Patrick Sullivan for useful discussions and suggestions. Collection of sea-level index points along the coast of Maine was funded by a variety of sources, including NSF, NOAA, the Geological Society of America, and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This work is a contribution to IGCP Project 437 "Coastal Environmental Change During Sea-Level Highstands". Greg Balco was supported by a Hertz Foundation Graduate Fellowship.
The continuous wavelet transform : a primer

Wavelet analysis is becoming more popular in the Economics discipline. Until recently, most works have made use of tools associated with the Discrete Wavelet Transform. However, after 2005, there has been a growing body of work in Economics and Finance that makes use of the Continuous Wavelet Transform tools. In this article, we give a self-contained summary on the most relevant theoretical results associated with the Continuous Wavelet Transform, the Cross-Wavelet Transform, the Wavelet Coherency and the Wavelet Phase-Difference. We describe how the transforms are usually implemented in practice and provide some examples. We also introduce the Economists to a new class of analytic wavelets, the Generalized Morse Wavelets, which have some desirable properties and provide an alternative to the Morlet Wavelet. Finally, we provide a user friendly toolbox which will allow any researcher to replicate our results and to use it in his/her own research.
NE-differentiated breast cancer identifies a group of tumors that co-express apocrine phenotype with NE markers (5). Primary NE carcinoma of the breast comprises solid NE carcinoma, atypical carcinoid tumors, small cell/oat cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. The limited number

Neuroendocrine (NE) carcinoma of the breast is extremely rare and constitutes less than 0.1% of all breast tumors. Only a few studies are currently available in the literature and a standard approach to treating this tumor has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to apply pathological treatment modalities in clinical practice and to select the most appropriate treatment accordingly. Six female patients were diagnosed with primary NE carcinoma of the breast. The patients underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection. Pathological specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and an immunohistochemical panel of antibodies [neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin, synoptophysin, estrogen and progesterone receptor, c-erbB2 and Ki-67]. The results showed that tumor size ranged from 2 to 4.5 cm in diameter. Lymph node metastasis was detected in 4 (67%) patients. Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression was found in 5 (83%) patients. None of the patients expressed c-erbB2. Chromogranin was found to be positive in 5 (83%) patients. Synoptophysin expression was detected in 5 (83%) patients. NSE was stained in 4 (67%) patients. An intraductal component was found in 5 (83%) patients. Lymphovascular invasion was found in 5 (83%) patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to patients with a Ki-67 index of ≥10%. Radiotherapy was administered to 4 (67%) patients, and 4 (67%) patients received hormonal therapy. The mean follow-up time was 31.1 months (range 12-52). All 6 patients survived, although following chemotherapy and tamoxifen, the disease progressed in 1 patient who received second-line hormonal therapy. In conclusion, NE carcinoma of the breast is a distinct entity. Management of this rare tumor may include surgery and radiotherapy depending on the size of the tumor and lymph node status. However, the exact role of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy has yet to be established. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with a Ki-67 index of ≥10%, and hormonal treatment appears to be feasible in patients who are positive for estrogen and/or progesterone receptor.
HYDROLOGY AND SEDIMENT REGIME OF A PASTURE, NATIVE FOREST, AND PINE FOREST CATCHMENT IN THE CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND

The hydrology and sediment regime of a 0.10-km 2 pasture, 0.34-km 2 pine forest, and 0.28-km 2 native forest catchment were compared. The highly per­ meable pumice soils of these catchments resulted in generally low annual stormflow yields (0.54-5.2% of gross rainfall) and consequently low annual sediment yields (4.0-27.0 t/km 2 /yr). The pasture catchment had the highest average flows, highest peak flow rates, and greatest stormflow yields, but lowest evaporative losses. The pasture catchment also recorded the maximum instantaneous sediment ccncentrations and the maximum instantaneous sediment discharges. The pine forest catchment had the lowest annual average flows, lowest low flows, and lowest instantaneous sediment concentrations and dis­ charges, but evaporative losses were similar to those from the native forest catchment. The native forest catchment had the lowest stormflow yields, lowest peak flows, and highest low flows. Some of the differences in hydrologic responses from the native forest catchment could be explained by drainage density rather than land use.
Aflatoxins Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Biotechnological Approaches for Control in Crops

Fungi play a very important, but yet mostly unexplored role. Their widespread occurrence on land and in marine life makes them a challenge and a risk for humans (Brase et al., 2009). Fungi are ingenious producers of complex natural products which show a broad range of biological activities (Bohnert et al., 2010). However, a specific characteristic is the production of toxins. Mycotoxins (from “myco” fungus and toxin), are nonvolatile, relatively low-molecular weight, fungal secondary metabolic products (Brase et al., 2009). The most agriculturally important micotoxins are aflatoxins (AF) which are a group of highly toxic metabolites, studied primarly because of their negative effects on human health. Aflatoxins belong to a group of difuranocumarinic derivatives structurally related, and are produced meanly by fungi of genus Aspergillus spp. Its production depends on many factors such as substrate, temperature, pH, relative humidity and the presence of other fungi. It has been identified 18 types of aflatoxins; the most frequent in foods are B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2 (Bhatnagar et al., 2002). These secondary metabolites contaminate a number of oilseed crops during growth of the fungus and this can result in severe negative economic and health impacts (Cary et al., 2009). The higher levels of aflatoxins have been found in cotton and maize seeds, peanuts, and nuts. In grains like wheat, rice, rye or barley the presence of aflatoxins is less frequent. Mycotoxins may also occur in conjugated form, either soluble (masked mycotoxins) or incorporated into/ associated with/attached to macromolecules (bound mycotoxins). These conjugated mycotoxins can emerge after metabolization by living plants, fungi and mammals or after food processing. Awareness of such altered forms of mycotoxins is increasing, but reliable analytical methods, measurement standards, occurrence, and toxicity data are still lacking (Berthiller et al., 2009). A variety of studies has been conducted in order to understand the process of crop contamination by aflatoxins. Mycotoxins are dangerous metabolites that are often carcinogenic, and they represent a serious threat to both animal and human health (Reverberi et al., 2010). Mycotoxins are considered secondary metabolites because
The possibilities of computer simulation of the orthognatic surgical procedure in the treatment of class II malocclusion

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispitaju mogućnosti kompjuterske simulacije hirurške procedure u terapiji nepravilnosti II skeletne klase. Materijal i metod: U ovom istraživanju obuhvaćeno je 12 pacijenata Klinike za Ortopediju vilica, Stomatološkog fakulteta u Beogradu. Korišćene su fotografije i profilni snimci glave svih pacijenata pre i posle završene terapije. Prva faza istraživanja podrazumevala je analiziranje profilnih snimaka glave pre terapije pomoću kompjuterskog programa Nemotec dental studio NX2005, a druga faza istraživanja podrazumevala je simulaciju hirurške terapije pomoću jedne od opcija koje ovaj kompjuterski program nudi. Rezultati: Razlika u rezultatima pre i posle kompjuterske simulacije dobijena je u analizi mekotkivnog profila upravo zbog mogućnosti posmatranja promena pacijentovog profila tokom simulacije hirurške metode. Zaključak: Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da kompjuterska simulacija pruža brži pristup informacijama, korisna je za edukaciju pacijenata sa mogućnostima hirurške intervencije i naravno, poboljšava komunikaciju kliničara sa pacijentima.
Effect of Bilingualism on the Development of Cognitive Processes among Children

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the contentions and evidence supporting two divergent views about the existence of advantages offered by bilingualism. It also considered whether a definite conclusion was possible. A qualitative research methodology using the published evidence was adopted. The published evidence supporting or rejecting the advantages of bilingualism was collected using search terms in the Google Scholar search engine. A total number of 64 papers were collected, among which only five challenged the claimed advantages enjoyed by bilingual individuals. The papers were classified by their orientation and discussed. Based on the points derived from the evaluation of evidence, some conclusions were drawn. The overwhelming research support in favour of the existence of supposed bilingual advantage tends to suggest a conclusion in favour of that hypothesis. However, the points raised by critics, such as small sample sizes, inadequate matching of other variables, as well as defective measurements and analysis cannot be ignored as they question the very validity of the studies which support bilingual advantage. Future research needs to pay more attention to these aspects.
Determinants of box hive promotion and financial benefits in selected district of Ethiopia.

Though beekeeping is a common farming enterprise and income generating activity in Atsbi Wemberta district, and promotional efforts have been made to improve it, no systematic study has been undertaken to evaluate the promotional efforts and people’s response to it. The objectives of this study were to identify determinants of improved box hive adoption by the beekeepers; and to analyze financial benefits from adopting improved box hive technology. It was found that credit, knowledge, education level of household head, perception and visits to demonstrations positively and significantly influenced adoption of box hive. Hence, Linking honey producers to stable and reliable markets and following a participatory value chain based approach; promoting private entrepreneurs to provide additional services for value addition; promoting farmer-to-farmer knowledge sharing; and encouraging farmer groups create a learning environment are some initiatives that could go a long way in the sustainable development of this important economic sub-sector. [Workneh Abebe et al. Determinants of Box Hive Promotion and Financial Benefits in Selected District Of Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology, 2011; 1(3):137-144].
Two types of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. infestation by the double spined bark beetle Ips duplicatus C.R. Sahlb. (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in southern and north-eastern Poland

During an outbreak in the second half of the 1990s, the infestation pattern of Ips duplicatus C.R. Sahlb. on standing trees in the Silesian Upland (southern Poland), was seen to be different from the pattern observed in the north-eastern spruce range. The “southern” type can be characterised by (i) the abundance of I. duplicatus galleries in lower parts of stems (including the basal parts of stems), and (ii) co-occurrence and high spatial competition with Ips typographus L. The “southern” type of infestation seems to be temporal in nature, related to the high abundance of I. duplicatus during the progradation and culmination phase of its outbreak.
Economic Efficiency of Agricultural Rodent Control Using Barn Owls

We develop an empirical framework for evaluating the profitability of the use of barn owls to control rodent populations by locating nesting boxes in agricultural areas. Barn owls’ behavior is incorporated into the analysis by estimated functions that relate agricultural production to the birds’ spatial patterns of hunting and nesting choices. The model was developed based on agricultural and zoological data collected in a kibbutz in northern Israel. Focusing on alfalfa, the presence of barn owls was found to increase profits by about $50 / hectare-year. Moreover, production exhibited increasing return to scale with barn owls’ predation pressures. Accordingly, simulations show that redistributing boxes can considerably increase barn owls’ contribution to alfalfa production’s profit. These findings indicate that environmental policies aimed at encouraging the adoption of this biological control method are redundant; at the same time, they provide support for stricter regulations on rodent control using poisons.