Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Cell Numbers and Density of Mesangial Volume in a Rat Model with Induced Hyperglycemic and Treated with Mononuclear Derived CD133 Positive Cells

Background and Aim: There is evidence that mesangial cell structural changes contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. To gain better insight into the mechanisms responsible for this issue, present study focused on effect of cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived CD133 positive cells on mesangial cell structure and function. Methods: The animals were randomly divided into four groups (each with six rats) and were kept in separate cages as follows: Group I: control group, received only 8.2 mmol/L sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.4). Group II: received only CD133 positive cells. Group III: received alloxan (65mg/kg) only. Group IV: received alloxan, followed by administration of CD133 positive cells, 1 week later. Rats were studied for 16 weeks. Cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated by a conventional centrifuge method through a Ficoll-density gradient, CD133 positive isolation was performed by means of magnetic cell separation (MACS) columns according to the manufacturer’s procedure. CD133 positive stem cells analyzed using flow cytometry. The CD133positive cells were centrifuged, resuspended with PBS, and transplanted to the rats through the tail. At the end of the experiments, blood was collected, and then blood glucose, creatinine, glycated hemoglobin and insulin concentrations were measured by using kits. All of the animals were killed and the kidneys were removed. Tissues were processed for light microscopy. Glomerular features were evaluated quantitatively using Cavalieri and disectory methods and compared with sham and control groups. Results: Our results indicated that treated hyperglycemic rats showed an increase in mesangial volume compared to untreated group. Concerning the mechanisms of these findings both glycemic control and CD133 positive cells regenerative potential are major’s factors to change mesangial structure and function. Conclusion: The present study clearly documents the potential of CD133 positive cells on the renal mesangial cells.
Photoinhibition in benthic diatom assemblages under light stress

Microphytobenthos are frequently subjected to light intensities higher than those required to saturate photosynthesis, which consequently can cause photoinhibition. Photo-system II (PSII) protein D1 (the main target of photoinhibition) and xanthophyll cycle pigments were quantified in epipelic benthic diatom assemblages under high irradiance, in the presence of inhibitors and promoters of photoprotection mechanisms. Levels of D1 protein were significantly lower under high irradiance (1 h, 1500 μmol photons m ―2 s ―1 ) than under low light (80 μmol photons m ―2 s ―1 ), corresponding to a photoinhibition of 22 to 29%. Photoinhibition increased to 44 and 80% in the presence of lincomycin (inhibitor of chloroplast-protein synthesis) and dithiothreitol (inhibitor of the xanthophyll cycle), respectively. High light treatment had no significant effect on D1 protein concentrations in the presence of added glutathione and ascorbate, scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, the ROS promoter methylviologen increased photoinhibition to 63%. Under light stress, the functional stability of PSII reaction centres of the studied epipelic benthic diatoms was more dependent on xanthophyll cycle activation than on D1 protein recycling mechanisms, and our results substantiate the role of antioxidants in photoprotection via ROS scavenging.
Influence of green light illumination at night on biological characteristics of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata is an important crop pest in eastern Asia. Nocturnal insects, including nocturnal moths, have phototactic behavior to an artificial light source. Phototactic behavior in insects is species-specific in response to different wavelengths of light sources. Our previous study showed that green (520 nm) light emitting diode (LED) light resulted in a significantly higher phototactic behavior in M. separata moths compared to the other wavelength LED lights. The goal of the present study is to investigate the influence of green light illumination on biological characteristics of different developmental stages in M. separata. Our results revealed that when different developmental stages of M. separata were exposed to the green light illumination in a dark period, several biological characteristics in all developmental stages except for egg stage were positively changed, but those of F1 generation M. separata which are next generation of the adults exposed to the green light did not significantly change compared with the control level. These findings suggest that green light illumination at night (or dark period) has a positive effect on the development and longevity of M. separata.
Tandem mass spectrometry imaging reveals distinct accumulation patterns of steroid structural isomers in human adrenal glands.

Visualizing tissue distribution of steroid hormones is a promising application of MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). On-tissue chemical derivatization using Girard T reagent has enhanced the ionization efficiency of steroids. However, discriminating between structural isomers with distinct bioactivities remains a challenge. Herein, we used ion trap MS/tandem MS (MS3) to distinguish a mineral corticoid aldosterone (Aldo) and a glucocorticoid cortisol (F), from their structural isomers. Our method is also useful to detect hybrid steroids (18-hydroxycortisol [18-OHF] and 18-oxocortisol) with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. The clinical applicability of the tandem MS method was evaluated by analyzing F, Aldo, and 18-OHF distributions in human adrenal glands. In such clinical specimens, small Aldo-producing cell clusters (APCCs) were identified and were first found to produce a high level of Aldo and not to contain F. Moreover, a part of APCCs produced 18-OHF, presumably converted from F by APCC-specific CYP11B2 activity. Catecholamine species were also visualized with another derivatization reagent (TAHS), and those profiling successfully discriminated pheochromocytoma species. These tandem MSI-methods, coupled with on-tissue chemical derivatization has proven to be useful for detecting low-abundance steroids, including Aldo and hybrid steroids and thus identifying steroid hormone-producing lesions.
A Conceptual Model for Entrepreneurial Quality among Students of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Malaysia

Entrepreneurship is critical for the economy as entrepreneurship is an engine of economic progress, job creation as well as social adjustment. In Malaysian context, the role of entrepreneurship is critical as Malaysia has envisioned being a fully developed country by the year 2020. Further to this, entrepreneurial quality in student entrepreneurs is important to be studied as they can help in the survival as well as succession of the business. This paper aims to propose a simple yet comprehensive conceptual model by identifying the psychosocial factors that influenced the development of entrepreneurial quality among student entrepreneurs. An extensive review of literature available has been carried out to achieve the purpose. Several psychosocial factors namely, social support, university experience and mentoring are found to be the antecedents for entrepreneurial quality among student in Higher Education Institution (HEI) in Malaysia.
Mitofusin 2 plays a role in oocyte and follicle development, and is required to maintain ovarian follicular reserve during reproductive aging

Mitochondria change their shape through fusion and fission in order to adapt to their metabolic milieu. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a key regulatory protein in this process, mediating mitochondrial fusion and interaction with endoplasmic reticulum. Targeted deletion of Mfn2 in oocytes resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and female subfertility associated with impaired oocyte maturation and follicle development. Oocytes lacking MFN2 showed shortened telomeres and increased apoptosis, resulting in compromised oocyte quality and accelerated follicular depletion, consistent with a reproductive aging phenotype.
Radiocarbon Reservoir Ages and Hardwater Effect for the Northeastern Coastal Waters of Argentina

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates were obtained for 18 mollusk shells collected alive along the Buenos Aires province coast, Argentina, over the period AD 1914–1935. Reservoir ages were estimated for all samples on the basis of the tree-ring calibration curve for the Southern Hemisphere (SHCal04, McCormac et al. 2004) and the marine δR values calculated as the difference between the conventional 14C age and the age deduced from the marine, mixed-layer model calculation (Marine04, Hughen et al. 2004). For most coastal locations, a great δR scatter was observed, ranging from 191 to 2482 yr, which is explained by the input of varying content of dissolved carbonate by rivers and groundwater (“hardwater effect”) and indicates a serious limitation for shell-based 14C chronologies. Within the interior of Bahía Blanca estuary, δR values ranged from −40 to 50 ± 46 as a consequence of the local geological particularities of the environment. This suggests that, with some restrictions, the marine calibration curve with standard parameters (δR = 0) could be used at this location.
Rethinking the definition of major trauma: The Need For Trauma Intervention outperforms Injury Severity Score and Revised Trauma Score in 38 adult and pediatric trauma centers.

BACKGROUND Patients' trauma burdens are a combination of anatomic damage, physiologic derangement, and the resultant depletion of reserve. Typically, Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15 defines major anatomic injury and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) <7.84 defines major physiologic derangement, but there is no standard definition for reserve. The Need For Trauma Intervention (NFTI) identifies severely depleted reserves (NFTI+) with emergent interventions and/or early mortality. We hypothesized NFTI would have stronger associations with outcomes and better model fit than ISS and RTS. METHODS Thirty-eight adult and pediatric U.S. trauma centers submitted data for 88,488 encounters. Mixed models tested ISS >15, RTS <7.84, and NFTI's associations with complications, survivors' discharge to continuing care, and survivors' length of stay (LOS). RESULTS NFTI had stronger associations with complications and LOS than ISS and RTS (odds ratios (99.5% CI): NFTI = 9.44 (8.46, 10.53), ISS = 5.94 (5.36, 6.60), RTS = 4.79 (4.29, 5.34); LOS incidence rate ratios (99.5% CI): NFTI = 3.15 (3.08, 3.22), ISS = 2.87 (2.80, 2.94), RTS = 2.37 (2.30, 2.45)). NFTI was more strongly associated with continuing care discharge but not significantly more than ISS (relative risk (99.5% CI): NFTI = 2.59 (2.52, 2.66), ISS = 2.51 (2.44, 2.59), RTS = 2.37 (2.28, 2.46)). Cross-validation revealed that in all cases NFTI's model provided a much better fit than ISS>15 or RTS<7.84. CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter study, NFTI had better model fit and stronger associations with the outcomes than ISS and RTS. By determining depletion of reserve via resource consumption, NFTI+ may be a better definition of major trauma than the standard definitions of ISS >15 and RTS <7.84. Using NFTI may improve retrospective triage monitoring and statistical risk adjustments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, Therapeutic.
Association of Sexting With Sexual Behaviors and Mental Health Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance Sexting is the exchange of sexual messages, photographs, or videos via technological devices and is common and increasing among youth. Although various studies have examined the association between sexting, sexual behaviors, and mental health, results are mixed. Objective To provide a meta-analytic synthesis of studies examining the associations between sexting, sexual behavior, and mental health using sex, age, publication date, and study methodological quality as moderators. Data Sources Electronic searches were conducted in April 2018 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science, yielding 1672 nonduplicate records. Study Selection Studies were included if participants were younger than 18 years and an association between sexting and sexual behaviors or mental health risk factors was examined. Data Extraction and Synthesis All relevant data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to derive odds ratios (ORs). Main Outcomes and Measures Sexual behavior (sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, lack of contraception use) and mental health risk factors (anxiety/depression, delinquent behavior, and alcohol, drug use, and smoking). Results Participants totaled 41 723 from 23 included studies. The mean (range) age was 14.9 (11.9-16.8) years, and 21 717 (52.1%) were female. Significant associations were observed between sexting and sexual activity (16 studies; OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 2.71-4.92), multiple sexual partners (5 studies; OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 2.72-12.67), lack of contraception use (6 studies; OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.08-4.32), delinquent behavior (3 studies; OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.29-4.86), anxiety/depression (7 studies; OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.41-2.28), alcohol use (8 studies; OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 3.11-4.59), drug use (5 studies; OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.24-5.40), and smoking behavior (4 studies; OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.88-3.76). Moderator analyses revealed that associations between sexting, sexual behavior, and mental health factors were stronger in younger compared to older adolescents. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this meta-analysis suggest that sexting is associated with sexual behavior and mental health difficulties, especially in younger adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to assess directionality of effects and to analyze the mechanisms by which sexting and its correlates are related. Educational campaigns to raise awareness of digital health, safety, and security are needed to help youth navigate their personal, social, and sexual development in a technological world.
The safety and benefit of using oxidized regenerated cellulose to position free flap pedicle in head and neck reconstruction

Oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC; Surgicel®; Ethicon, Neuchâtel, Switzerland) is an absorbable hemostatic agent used for hemostasis in operation, although some surgeons use it to position free flap pedicles. The increasing risk of vessel compromise is a huge concern. However, no scientific data to date demonstrate the safety and benefit of using ORC in microvascular surgery. In the present study, we compared the outcome of microvascular head and neck reconstruction with and without pedicle placement using ORC.
Verification of Social Network Site Use Behavior of the University Physical Education Students

Background:This study aims to explore the relationships among performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, behavioral intention and use behavior of university physical education students in Taiwan. Moreover, it also intends to examine the moderating effects of gender, age, and experience on the UTAUT model.Materials and methods:The targets were 19 universities in Taiwan by purposive sampling. A total of 760 questionnaires were distributed and 707 were returned, with a returning rate of 93%. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Warp PLS 5.0. Results:The results showed that on the UTAUT model, performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating condition variables are positively related to behavioral intention; behavioral intention is positively related to use behavior; gender, age, and experiences played a moderating role on the model.Conclusions:The empirical results can provide useful reference regarding the explanatory power of the UTAUT model on university physical education students’ usage intention toward social network sites.
Cautionary Findings for the Presence of Facial Canal Dehiscence During Cholesteatoma Surgery

Our aim was to investigate the relationship between facial canal dehiscence (FCD) and surgical findings and procedures in patients with cholesteatoma. A total of 186 patients (118 males, 39.2 ± 15 years) who underwent surgery for advanced cholesteatoma between 2013 and 2018 were included in the study. The relationship between FCD and surgical findings was investigated via the surgical registries. The prevalence of FCD was 36.6% (68/186). The prevalence of FCD was 44%, and 13.2% for the patients who underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy (62/141) and canal wall up mastoidectomy (6/45), respectively (P < .001). Facial canal dehiscence was detected in 73.9% of the 23 patients who had a lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) defect (P < .001), in 61.9% of 21 patients who had a tegmen tympani defect, and in 58.1% of the 31 patients who had erosion on the posterior wall of the external auditory canal (EAC; P < .05). The prevalence of FCD was 3.1% in patients with isolated incus erosion, 59.1% in patients with erosion of malleus and incus, 60.7% in patients with erosion of stapes suprastructure and incus, and 43.2% in patients with whole ossicular chain deformation (P < .001). The defects on LSCC, EAC, tegmen tympani, and malleus and incus might be cautionary findings for the presence of FCD during cholesteatoma surgery.
What the face displays: Mapping 28 emotions conveyed by naturalistic expression.

What emotions do the face and body express? Guided by new conceptual and quantitative approaches (Cowen, Elfenbein, Laukka, & Keltner, 2018; Cowen & Keltner, 2017, 2018), we explore the taxonomy of emotion recognized in facial-bodily expression. Participants (N = 1,794; 940 female, ages 18-76 years) judged the emotions captured in 1,500 photographs of facial-bodily expression in terms of emotion categories, appraisals, free response, and ecological validity. We find that facial-bodily expressions can reliably signal at least 28 distinct categories of emotion that occur in everyday life. Emotion categories, more so than appraisals such as valence and arousal, organize emotion recognition. However, categories of emotion recognized in naturalistic facial and bodily behavior are not discrete but bridged by smooth gradients that correspond to continuous variations in meaning. Our results support a novel view that emotions occupy a high-dimensional space of categories bridged by smooth gradients of meaning. They offer an approximation of a taxonomy of facial-bodily expressions, visualized within an online interactive map. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Attitudes of secondary school students towards environmental and sustainable development issues: A case study from Turkey

As a consequence of the industrial revolution, countries around the world began to exploit natural resources more than ever before without regard for maintaining a balance between development and nature. The problems stemming from these human actions has compromised the ability of subsequent generations to meet their needs from the earth and in the last few decades, have obliged them to restructure their educational systems in terms of environmental and sustainability education. Turkey has also introduced a new high school geography program that emphasizes environmental and sustainability education. At present, there is an urgent need to test the relationships between theory and practice to understand whether Turkish schools provide sufficient education on the environment and sustainable development (SD). This study used survey research in an attempt to measure student knowledge levels in environmental and sustainability issues as well as student opinions about the importance, place and future of SD in Turkish high schools. The results suggest that students were relatively knowledgeable about environmental issues, but their knowledge of SD was not satisfactory. The students had significant knowledge gaps concerning certain environmental and sustainability issues. It is quite promising however, that the surveyed students believed that SD was an important concept for their future. Moreover, the students seemed ready to take part in any activity promoting SD.
Association between menstrual disorders and school absenteeism among schoolgirls in South Egypt

Abstract Background Menstrual disorders are highly prevalent among girls and may interrupt school attendance. This study aimed to investigate the association between menstrual disorders and school absenteeism among schoolgirls in South Egypt. Subjects and methods A multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to select 930 schoolgirls. A self-administered questionnaire composed of 3 sections (socio-demographic characteristics, menstrual disorders, and school absenteeism) was used to assess the relationship between different menstrual disorders and school absenteeism during the previous 6 months. Results The mean age of the participating schoolgirls was 15.5 ± 0.8 years, age of menarche 13.2 ± 1.2 years, menstrual cycle duration 28.8 ± 7.3 days with average flow days 5 ± 1.3. During the previous 6 months, 43.9% of schoolgirls reported school absenteeism. Dysmenorrhea (89.1%) and premenstrual symptoms, especially abdominal spasm (62.2%), fatigue (32%), and headache (22.7%) were heavily reported during the same period. Menstrual flow >4 days [odds ratio (OR) 1.37, 1.04–1.80], premenstrual abdominal spasm (OR 1.60, 1.22–2.11), fatigue (OR 1.69, 1.27–2.24), breast tenderness (OR 1.67, 1.17–2.38), insomnia (OR 1.92, 1.31–2.80), abdominal bloating (OR 2.29, 1.34–3.91), dysmenorrhea (OR 4.44, 2.58–7.62), dysmenorrhea for more than 1 day (OR 1.38, 1.03–1.84), menstrual acne flare (OR 2.23, 1.68–2.97), dysuria (OR 1.96, 1.31–2.93), and facial hair (OR 2.59, 1.26–5.31) were significantly associated with school absenteeism. Conclusion Premenstrual and menstrual disorders are associated with school absenteeism among schoolgirls in South Egypt. Future research should focus on the effect of school counseling on reducing the absenteeism rate attributed to menstrual disorders.
A review of recent developments in mathematical modeling of bone remodeling

In this article, we summarize the developments in the mathematical modeling of the mechanics of bone and related biological phenomena. We will devote special attention to the results of the last 10–15 years, although we will cover some relevant classical work to better frame the more recent researches. We will propose a division of the literature based on the main aim of the model (mechanical/biomathematical) and the type of biological phenomena considered (stimulus, growth, cell population dynamics). Finally, we will suggest some possible directions for future investigations.
Psychological Constructs of Socio-economic Status of Heads of Farm Families in Delta State Nigeria

This study examined the relationship between socio-economic status and psychological construct of heads of farm families in Delta State. Multi-stage and stratified simple random sampling procedures were used in composing the sample. The sample was made up of 510 heads of farm families drawn from Delta Ibo (174), Urhobo (147), Ijaw (87), Isoko (60), and Itsekiri (42). Questionnaire was used in data collection. Data were analyzed by the use of Sigma scoring method, mean, analysis of variance, multiple regression and factor analysis. The valid psychological constructs were adoption behaviour, leadership abilities, cosmopoliteness, education level, and attitude to innovation. There was a significant relationship between socio-economic status and the valid psychological constructs of the heads’ of farm families (F=333.29497; p< 0.05). The multiple regression analysis showed that 76.78 percent of socio-economic status was explained by the valid psychological constructs of heads of farm families. The psychological constructs of socio-economic status of heads of farm families in any locality should be understood by the extension agent so as to foster a good working relationship with the farmer.