Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promoting Children’s and Adolescents’ Social and Emotional Development: District Adaptations of a Theory of Action

This article contributes to the broader discussion of promotion, prevention, and intervention in child and adolescent mental health by describing implementation and early outcomes of an 8-school district demonstration project aimed at making the promotion of social and emotional learning a systemic part of school districts’ practice. Eight districts are 2–3 years in to their participation in the 6-year project. The districts are large, are predominantly urban, and serve many students who are at disadvantage. The evaluation involved collection of qualitative data to measure the degree to which the districts realized the goals established in the initiative’s theory of action, as well as school climate data, extant student records, and surveys of students’ social and emotional competence. To date, results show that districts have followed highly individual pathways toward integrating social and emotional learning systemically, and all have made progress over time. Although school-level implementation remains at moderate levels, 2 districts in which we could examine school climate showed gains from preinitiative years. Four of 6 measured districts showed improvement in social and emotional competence for students in Grade 3, and achievement and discipline showed overall improvements across all districts. Overall findings show that implementation of the initiative’s theory of action by school districts is feasible, even in times of budgetary stress and leadership turnover. This establishes the potential for school districts to serve as a lever of change in the promotion of students’ social and emotional development and mental wellness.
Social Inequalities on Selected Determinants of Active Aging and Health Status Indicators in a Large Brazilian City (2003-2010)

Objective: To assess trends in social inequalities among 2,624 elderly living in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in three domains of the World Health Organization’s Active Aging model (physical environment, social determinants, use of health services) and health status indicators. Method: Data came from two representative household surveys conducted in 2003 and 2010. Social inequality was measured by the slope and the relative index of inequality. Educational level was used to define socioeconomic status. Results: Significant improvements were observed in the prevalence rates of 7 out of 12 indicators. However, the social inequalities persisted through 10 out of 12 selected active aging and health status indicators, except for fear of falling on the sidewalks/crossing the streets and fear of being robbed. Discussion: Social inequalities persistence might be assigned to the continuity of unequal distribution of resources among groups with different educational levels.
Prospective evaluation of paclitaxel versus combination chemotherapy with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with operable breast cancer.

PURPOSE To compare prospectively the antitumor activity of single-agent paclitaxel to the three-drug combination of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with operable breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with T1-3N0-1M0 disease were randomized to receive either paclitaxel (250 mg/m(2)) as 24-hour infusion or FAC in standard doses at every-3-week intervals. Each patient was treated with four cycles of preoperative chemotherapy. Clinical response and extent of residual disease in the breast and lymph nodes was assessed after four cycles of induction chemotherapy. RESULTS A total of 174 patients were registered, and 87 were randomized to each arm of the study. Clinical response, ie, complete and partial responses, was similar in both arms of the study. Three patients in the FAC arm and one patient in the paclitaxel subgroup had progressive disease. The extent of residual disease by intent-to-treat analysis at the time of surgery was similar between the two arms of the study. CONCLUSION The results of this prospective study demonstrated that single-agent paclitaxel as neoadjuvant therapy has significant antitumor activity, and this was clinically comparable to FAC. Similar fractions of patients had clinical complete and partial responses, and very few patients had no response to either therapy. The value of alternate non-cross-resistant therapies as used in this protocol on the clinical course of this disease would require longer follow-up.
Optimal residual evaluation for nonlinear systems using post-filter and threshold

The problem of residual evaluation for fault detection in nonlinear systems is addressed in this article. Using the factorisation approach, a post-filter is designed and a threshold is computed to achieve an optimal trade-off between fault detectability and the number of false alarms. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed post-filter also guarantees ℋ−/ℋ∞ multi-objective optimisation of the residual signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by fault detection of the three-tank benchmark system.
Melatonin down‐regulates HIF‐1α expression through inhibition of protein translation in prostate cancer cells

Abstract: Melatonin, the main secretory product of the pineal gland, has been shown to exert an oncostatic activity in cancer cells. Recently, several studies have shown that melatonin has antiangiogenic properties. However, the mechanism by which melatonin exerts antiangiogenenic effects is not understood. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1 is a transcription factor which mediates adaptive response to changes in tissue oxygenation. HIF‐1 is a heterodimer formed by the association of a constitutively expressed HIF‐1β subunit and a HIF‐1α subunit, the expression of which is highly regulated. In this study, pharmacologic concentrations of melatonin was found to inhibit expression of HIF‐1α protein under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in DU145, PC‐3, and LNCaP prostate cancer cells without affecting HIF‐1α mRNA levels. Consistent with the reduction in HIF‐1α protein levels, melatonin inhibited HIF‐1 transcriptional activity and the release of vascular endothelial growth factor. We found that the suppression of HIF‐1α expression by melatonin correlated with dephosphorylation of p70S6K and its direct target RPS6, a pathway known to regulate HIF‐1α expression at the translational level. Metabolic labeling assays indicated that melatonin inhibits de novo synthesis of HIF‐1α protein. Taken together, these results suggest that the pharmacologic concentration of melatonin inhibits HIF‐1α expression through the suppression of protein translation in prostate cancer cells.
Neuroprotective effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide against photoreceptor apoptosis in a rabbit model of subretinal hemorrhage.

PURPOSE To study photoreceptor apoptosis and iron migration as mechanisms of retinotoxicity in a rabbit model of subretinal hemorrhage (SRH) and to assess intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects. METHODS In adult rabbits, eyes were studied histologically after subretinal injection of autologous blood. For comparisons of control eyes with eyes injected with 2 mg IVTA, morphometric analysis was performed with light microscopy, whereas apoptosis was quantified with terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and fluorescence microscopy. Localization of retinal iron was assessed with Perls' stain. RESULTS Photoreceptor degeneration was initiated 48 hours after exposure to subretinal blood and progressed over 7 days. Increased TUNEL positivity demonstrating apoptotic cell death was associated with SRH and photoreceptor loss. VIP-Perls staining demonstrated iron in the photoreceptor layer and retinal pigment epithelium that correlated with photoreceptor degeneration. Treatment with IVTA enhanced photoreceptor cell survival by 11% at 48 hours and by 45% at 72 hours (P = 0.01) and reduced photoreceptor apoptosis ratios by 25% at 48 hours (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Photoreceptor toxicity caused by SRH occurs at least in part by apoptosis and is associated with iron migration to the photoreceptor layer. Treatment with IVTA reduced photoreceptor loss and apoptosis, indicating a neuroprotective action. Therapies to target SRH may augment anti-VEGF treatments in exudative age-related macular degeneration and other diseases of choroidal neovascularization.
Risk of synechiae following uterine compression sutures in the management of major postpartum haemorrhage

Please cite this paper as: Poujade O, Grossetti A, Mougel L, Ceccaldi P, Ducarme G, Luton D. Risk of synechiae following uterine compression sutures in the management of major postpartum haemorrhage. BJOG 2011;118:433–439.
The content and meaning of administrative work: a qualitative study of nursing practices

AIM To investigate the content and meaning of nurses' administrative work. BACKGROUND Nurses often report that administrative work keeps them away from bedside care. The content and meaning of this work remains insufficiently explored. DESIGN Comparative case studies. METHOD The investigation took place in 2014. It was based on 254 hours of observations and 27 interviews with nurses and staff in two contrasting units: intensive care and long-term care. A time and motion study was also performed over a period of 96 hours. RESULTS Documentation and Organizational Activities is composed of six categories; documenting the patient record, coordination, management of patient flow, transmission of information, reporting quality indicators, ordering supplies- stock management Equal amounts of time were spent on these activities in each case. Nurses did not express complaints about documentation in intensive care, whereas they reported feeling frustrated by it in long-term care. These differences reflected the extent to which these activities could be integrated into nurses' clinical work and this is in turn was related to several factors: staff ratios, informatics, and relevance to nursing work. CONCLUSION Documentation and Organizational Activities are a main component of care. The meaning nurses attribute to them is dependent on organizational context. These activities are often perceived as competing with bedside care, but this does not have to be the case. The challenge for managers is to fully integrate them into nursing practice. Results also suggest that nurses' Documentation and Organizational Activities should be incorporated into informatics strategies.
Cancer Mortality in a Cohort of Male Agricultural Workers From Northern Italy

Cancer mortality in a cohort of 36,579 Italian male agricultural workers (Province of Forlì, 1969–1993) was compared with that of the rest of male population using the ratio of age-standardized (Europe) mortality rates (ASR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). The cohort yielded 707,496.3 person-years with 3684 cancer deaths. Total ASR ratio was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.81–0.90). A significant excess mortality was observed only for gastric cancer (1.25; 1.13–1.39). Reduction in total cancer mortality was restricted to farm owners (0.83; 0.79–0.88), whereas excess gastric cancer mortality involved both farm owners (1.23; 1.11–1.37) and farm workers (1.32; 1.10–1.58). ASR ratio for gastric cancer decreased from 1.58 (1.34–1.86) in 1969–1976 to 0.97 (0.80–1.19) in 1985–1993. In conclusion, the only positive finding in this cohort of male agricultural workers was a generalized but declining excess mortality from gastric cancer.
On Synchronous and Asynchronous Discrete Time Heterogeneous Cyclic Pursuit

This paper considers synchronous and asynchronous heterogeneous cyclic pursuit in discrete time and obtains results on the consensus of both. It is shown that agents in synchronous heterogeneous cyclic pursuit system can achieve consensus with at most one negative gain, subject to a lower limit, which expands the reachable set although the asynchronous case may diverge when one of the agents has a negative gain. However, when all the gains are positive, positional consensus is achieved even in the asynchronous mode. The theoretical results are illustrated through simulations.
Spanish Young Adults' Perceptions of the Costs and Benefits of Risky Driving Behaviors

We used an open-ended survey to elicit Spanish young adults' perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of speeding and not wearing a seatbelt (or helmet). Around half of the sample reported past engagement in these two risky behaviors, although forecasted engagement was low. Past and forecasted risk taking were positively correlated. Participants provided more drawbacks than benefits of each risky behavior. Drawbacks typically referred to a combination of behavioral acts and social reactions (e.g., accident, punishment) that occurred during the journey. By contrast, benefits largely referred to personal effects (e.g., save time, comfort) that occurred after the journey had ended (speeding) or during the journey (not wearing a seatbelt/helmet). These findings contribute to our theoretical understanding of young adults' risk taking on the road, and to the development of road safety programs. En un estudio en el que se ha empleado la metodología de encuestas, hemos analizado las percepciones que tienen los adultos jóvenes en España sobre los beneficios e inconvenientes derivados de la conducción de un coche (moto) a elevada velocidad y sin cinturón (casco). La mitad de nuestros participantes informaron que habían realizado estas conductas de riesgo, aunque sus predicciones sobre la realización de las mismas en el futuro eran menores. Estos informes y predicciones correlacionaban positivamente. Los adultos jóvenes, además, mencionaron más inconvenientes que ventajas derivadas de las conductas. Los inconvenientes generalmente hacían referencia a una combinación de conductas y reacciones sociales que ocurrirían durante el trayecto (por ejemplo, accidentes y sanciones). Por el contrario, los beneficios hacían referencia a consecuencias personales que ocurrirían cuando el trayecto hubiera concluido o durante el mismo (por ejemplo, ahorro de tiempo y comodidad). Estos resultados contribuyen a nuestra comprensión de las conductas de riesgo de los adultos jóvenes en la carretera, y pueden favorecer el desarrollo de programas de prevención.
Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of set shifting

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between lobar volumes and set shifting. We studied 101 subjects, including 36 normal controls, 16 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, 30 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 19 patients with semantic dementia (SD), using a shifting paradigm that carefully controlled for component abilities. Subjects were administered two conditions of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Design Fluency Test. In the control condition (DF:Control), examinees generated as many unique designs as possible in 60 s by drawing lines connecting only unfilled dots. In the switching condition (DF:Switch), examinees generated designs by drawing lines alternating between filled and unfilled dots. We used BRAINS2 software to generate volumes of the right and left frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Partial correlations and multiple regressions showed that, after controlling for Mini-Mental State Examination and DF:Control, only the right and left frontal lobe volumes significantly correlated with the DF:Switch, most clearly in the FTD and SD groups. Follow-up analyses indicated that frontal contributions to shifting were not related to working memory. Results highlight the importance of carefully controlling for component cognitive processes when studying executive functioning. (JINS, 2007, 13, 386–392.)
The Better Angels of Our Nature: How the Antiprejudice Norm Affects Policy and Party Preferences in Great Britain and Germany

Existing research on public opinion related to race and immigration politics emphasizes the role of prejudice or bias against minority groups. We argue that the social norm against prejudice, and individual motivations to comply with it, are crucial elements omitted from prior analyses. In contemporary Western societies, most citizens receive strong signals that prejudice is not normatively acceptable. We demonstrate that many majority-group individuals have internalized a motivation to control prejudiced thoughts and actions and that this motivation influences their political behavior in predictable ways. We introduce measures capturing this motivation, develop hypotheses about its influence, and test these hypotheses in three separate experimental and nonexperimental survey studies conducted in Britain and Germany. Our findings support a dual-process model of political behavior suggesting that while many voters harbor negative stereotypes, they also—particularly when certain contextual signals are present—strive to act in accordance with the “better angels of their natures. ”
Abandoned and illegitimate, a double mortality penalty? Mortality of illegitimate infants in the foundling hospital of Madrid, La Inclusa (1890–1935)

This paper examines the existence of a mortality penalty for illegitimate abandoned infants in the Foundling Hospital of Madrid, La Inclusa, during the period 1890–1935, in the context of the mortality experience of the city. A rich dataset on the life histories of all infants abandoned in the city of Madrid (almost 60,000 children), nominally linked to births, has allowed the study of the determinants of mortality of foundlings, newborns in the city, and the study of the determinants of abandonment. Contrary to previous findings, our results for La Inclusa show no evidence of an illegitimacy penalty among foundlings and, in some cases, show even better prospects for them. However, this situation did not reflect the circumstances of the city, as illegitimate infants were both more likely to suffer a neonatal death and to be abandoned. The explanation proposed in this paper is that the health of infants born of wedded couples that ended up resorting to abandonment was possibly poorer than that of those born of single or migrant mothers, as the situation triggering abandonment meant that infants were under very hard conditions, possibly worse than those single women faced in the event of a pregnancy.
[Psychopharmacotherapy of bipolar affective diseases].

The broadening of the classification systems for manic-depressive illness towards a spectrum of bipolar disorders implicates a more differentiated use of pharmacotherapies. However, many questions still remain open. This implies that all consensus guidelines and recommendations have to be considered as preliminary. On the other hand, research in the last decade has developed many new treatment alternatives, both for mood stabilizers and antidepressants as well as antipsychotics. These recommendations, which have been developed in the process of two consensus meetings, try to consider the broadening of the concept of bipolar disorder by differentiating between subgroups according to acute symptomatology and characteristics of the long-term course, e.g., rapid cycling. In particular, the emerging role and new indications of mood stabilizing antiepileptic drugs, atypical antipsychotics, and new antidepressants will be discussed.
Effect of an Eccentrically Biased Hamstring Strengthening Home Program on Knee Flexor Strength and the Length-Tension Relationship

Abstract Orishimo, KF and McHugh, MP. Effect of an eccentrically biased hamstring strengthening home program on knee flexor strength and the length-tension relationship. J Strength Cond Res 29(3): 772–778, 2015—The purposes of this study were to document relative activation intensities of the hamstrings and gluteus maximus during 4 eccentric hamstring strengthening exercises and to assess the effects of a short-term strengthening program comprised of these exercises on knee flexor strength and the length-tension relationship. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. Electromyographic (EMG) activities from the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gluteus maximus were recorded as subjects performed (a) standing hip extension with elastic resistance, (b) trunk flexion in single limb stance (diver), (c) standing split (glider), and (d) supine sliding bridge (slider). Baseline isometric knee flexor strength was measured at 90, 70, 50, and 30° of flexion at the knee with the subject seated and the hip flexed to 50° from horizontal. After completing the 4-week training program, strength tests were repeated. Repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to compare EMG activity between muscles and to assess angle-specific strength improvements. Hamstring activity exceeded gluteus maximus activity for resisted hip extension, glider, and slider exercises (p < 0.001) but not for the diver (p = 0.087). Hamstring activation was greatest during the slider and resisted hip extension and lowest during the glider and the diver. Knee flexor strength improved by 9.0% (p = 0.005) but was not angle specific (training by angle p = 0.874). The short-term home training program effectively targeted the hamstrings and resulted in strength gains that were similar at short and long muscle lengths. These data demonstrate that hamstring strength can be improved using eccentrically biased unilateral exercises without the use of weights or other equipments.
Teaching of Formal Methods for Software Engineering

The use of Formal Methods (FMs) offers rigour and precision, while reducing ambiguity and inconsistency. The major barriers hindering the adoption of FMs in industry are the problems of understandability, comprehensibility, and scalability. To solve the understandability problem, from one side, the readability of the method have to be increased, but from another side, an appropriate teaching and learning approach have to be introduced. This paper presents an overview of existing approaches on teaching of FMs and Logic, also discusses the common issues in teaching of this subjects.
Still Searching for the Best Interests of the Child

This article describes recent developments in theory and clinical practice with traumatized children in the birth to five age range. It revisits the treatment of an abused two-year-old girl and her mother from the perspective of the child's reappearance in the clinic twenty years later to ask about her past. The early treatment of the child and the mother is re-examined from the perspective of the advances in theory and practice about early childhood trauma in the intervening decades. These advances are contrasted with the persistent gap between the urgent needs of maltreated children and their families and the availability of services designed to support their mental health.
Hepatic artery: variability in measurement of resistive index and systolic acceleration time in healthy volunteers.

PURPOSE To determine the intrinsic sampling variability of measurements of hepatic artery resistive index and systolic acceleration time in healthy subjects and to estimate the components of variability attributable to the sonographer, individual measurement, and subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized, controlled (blinded) fashion, nine sonographers measured hepatic artery resistive index and systolic acceleration time in five healthy subjects by using Doppler ultrasound (US). Analysis of variance was used to estimate the contribution of several factors to the observed variability in measurements. RESULTS The standard deviation for a single measurement was 0.08 for resistive index and 39 msec for systolic acceleration time. For resistive index, the estimated variance components were 0.0012 (18%), 0.0004 (6%), and 0.0050 (76%) for the subject, sonographer, and intrinsic variability, respectively. For systolic acceleration time, the estimated variance components were 59 msec (4%), 264 msec (17%), and 1,250 msec (79%) for the subject, sonographer, and intrinsic variability, respectively. CONCLUSION Because of substantial variability in hepatic arterial measures, caution is indicated when interpreting small changes in the measurement of these Doppler US indexes.