Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of some Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivars under Annual Weed Control Condition

Two field experiments were conducted in El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, ARC, during 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons to study the possible integration between three sugar beet cultivars varied in its growth habitat: Glorius, Lilly and Cleopatra and six weed control treatments which are being: Goltix plus at 1.5 L/fad. , Goltix at 2 L/fad. , Cross at 2.5 kg/fad. as post emergence herbicides and Harness at 0.75 L/fad. as pre emergence herbicide in addition to hand hoeing twice and unweeded check on weeds associated with sugar beet productivity and its economic feasibility. The main findings showed that both Glorius cultivar suppressed weed growth at 120 DAS by 62.2 and 39.9%, accompanied with increasing sugar beet root yield by 28.4 and 32.6% and with Lilly cultivar by 19.1 and 14.0% reduction on weed growth and increased root yield by 34.5 and 17.0% in both seasons, respectively, compared than Cleopatra cultivar. On other hand, Cross herbicide as ready-made exceeded other herbicides and hand hoeing twice on controlling total weeds until 120 DAS by 85.5 and 71.6% and increasing sugar beet yield by 151.6 and 217.0 % than unweeded check in both seasons. The best integration between Glorius and Lilly cultivars both with application Cross herbicide from view point of weed control by 90.5 and 87.2%, respectively, in 2015/16 season and 88.7 and 71.4%, respectively, in 2016/17 season, respectively and increasing sugar beet root yield by 215.6 and 264.6%, respectively, in 2015/16 season and by 323.9% and 308.6, respectively, in 2016/17 season accompanied with increasing farmer incomes
Research in public health and end-of-life care – Building on the past and developing the new

Introduction: Public health approaches offer the opportunity to move beyond clinical and health services approaches to end-of-life (EoL) care, to focus on whole populations, individuals and communities rather than patients and carers. They also allow concepts such as capacity, resilience, and wellbeing to come to the fore. Methods: This paper, drawing on the experience of a diverse group of academics and practitioners from three countries in Europe, considers the research challenges related to examining new public health approaches to EoL care and how learning from more traditional or classic public health research can influence a future research agenda. Additional opportunities provided by the new public health approach to broaden learning and participation in research are considered. Results: By bringing together strong traditional methods such as analysis of longitudinal population-level data with participatory approaches that draw on communities' experience and aspirations for care, the authors suggest that new and improved opportunities exist to evaluate the impact of participatory approaches. Discussion: In conclusion, the paper urges researchers from classic and new public health to work in partnership to generate and respond to the emerging research agenda around new public health initiatives. There is much to be learned from both.
Path Coefficient Analysis, Character Association and Variability Studies in Selected Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Grown in Southern Nigeria

The success of any selection process is greatly enhanced by using appropriate selection indices. The knowledge of the relationship among various traits affecting grain yield is imperative to arrive at potentially effective selection index. The study was carried out to unveil the different attributes of genetic variability, the type of interrelationships among the various traits affecting yield. Fifteen local and improved maize inbred lines were crossed to three tester varieties to develop 45 test cross progenies. The parents and crosses (63 entries in all) were evaluated in two different locations with three replications at each location using the Randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data generated was recorded for the quantitative traits evaluated and subjected to statistical analysis for estimation of various variability parameters namely GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance alongside computing genotypic correlation coefficients and path coefficient analysis to unveil the direct and indirect effects of the various traits studied. The analysis of variability parameters evaluated revealed the presence of significant variability for all the traits studied. Grain yield, ear length, ear height, 100-seed weight and ear diameter showed high GCV estimates, with high heritability. The genetic advance was higher for plant height, ear length, grain/row and grain yield. The genotypic correlation coefficient revealed that ear diameter, 100 seed weight, ear length, kernel rows/ear and grains/row had highest significant correlation with grain yield. The path coefficient analysis revealed that highest direct effect on grain yield was exhibited by 100 seed weight followed by grains/row, kernel rows/ear, ear length and ear diameter. Most of the traits exerted their positive indirect effects through 100 – seed weight, kernel rows/ear and grains/row. The inferences of the results of the present study and their possible implications in maize breeding have been revealed.
Adversarial Feedback Loop —Supplementary—

Simple 2D case The generator architecture is a sequence of four layers of fc (fully-connected)-ReLU , where the input is 2D points from a normal distribution. All hidden layers dimension is 512. The discriminator architecture is identical to the generator except in the last layer where the output is only a single scalar (real or fake). The feedback module is fc−ReLU − fc, with hidden layer dimension of 512. It is fed from the activation map of the first discriminator ReLU , and corrects the input activations of last fc layer in the generator. Since the generator has no batch-normalization, we refrain from using it. As a result we use α = 1 at test-time. The model is trained with WGAN-GP [3] adversarial loss, with λ = 0.1 and five critic (discriminator) training iterations per one for the generator.
Materials Have Driven the Historical Development of the Tennis Racket

The tennis racket has developed since the origins of Lawn Tennis in the 1870s. This study investigated how the tennis racket developed from 1874 to 2017, using measurements and material classifications for 525 samples. Racket measurements covered geometric, inertial and dynamic properties, and the number of strings. Rackets predating 1970 were mainly wooden, and typically characterised by head areas below 0.05 m2, masses over 350 g and natural frequencies below 120 Hz. Rackets from the 1970s were made from wood, metal and fibre–polymer composites, with most postdating 1980 made from fibre–polymer composites with a larger head, lower mass and higher natural frequency than their predecessors. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the number of variables. Principal component one (PCA1) accounted for 35% of the variance in the measured racket properties, and was found to be significantly affected by material. Head width was best correlated with principal component one (r = 0.897, p < 0.001), followed by head length (r = 0.841, p < 0.001) and natural frequency (r = 0.813, p < 0.001). Early rackets were constrained by the limitations of wood, and the move to composites, which began in the 1970s, allowed this observed increase in head size and natural frequency. As material development has been a major driver of racket design in the past, we propose that new materials and manufacturing techniques, like additively manufactured composites, could further improve the tennis racket. The measurement techniques described here can be used to monitor developments in racket design.
Ecofriendly Management of Seedling Diseases of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

The experiment was carried out in the field of Plant Pathology Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to determine the effect of BARI-biofertilizer and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) biopesticide for controlling foot and root rot diseases of chickpea. It was observed that both BARI-Biofertilizer and IPM biopesticide resulted significantly lower disease incidence of seedlings of the test pulse over the control. Soil treatment with BARI-Biofertilizer resulted the lowest disease incidence of chickpea var. Hyprosola, Binasola-2, Binasola-3 and Binasola-4 at 20 DAS (Days after sowing) that displayed reduction of disease incidence up to 83.77%, 54.48%, 70.76% and 71.45% respectively over control. While at 28 DAS, showedup to 82.82%, 71.92%, 84.72% and 68.39%, respectively, reduction of disease incidence over control. At 35 DAS, exhibited up to 79.91%, 73.18%, 81.32% and 73.44%, respectively, reduction of disease incidence over control. BARI-biofertilizer and IPM biopesticide increased fresh weight of plant, number of nodules per plant and fresh weight of nodules per plant.
A Tree Model for Diffusion of Spatial Data Infrastructures in Developing Countries

The scope of implementation of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has in the recent past shifted and exceeded the limits of corporate boundaries, primarily out of the need and desire to exchange spatial data across GIS systems installed in various institutions. Consequently, Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) have been developed to facilitate efficient and easy accessibility to geospatial datasets in an attempt to remove barriers to utilisation of Geographical Information Systems. From Global, through regional to national and local levels, interconnected SDIs have been developed mainly in developed economies. Developing countries in the process of developing SDIs are faced with a challenge of using models from the developed world and yet the operational environments significantly differ. This paper examines SDI Implementation models in developed regions and evaluates the underlying assumptions in the models. The paper indentifies that most of the assumptions in the models do not efficiently reflect the reality of the SDI implementation environment in developing countries such as Uganda. The paper final proposes an alternative SDI implementation model that is localised to the SDI implementation environment in Uganda. For simplicity, this model is referred to as a Tree Model so as to reflect the inter-dependence of SDI components at various levels of government. It is characterised by national institutions initially taking up the central role in the core activities of the SDI in the early stages of its diffusion.
The impact of the Devaluation of the Surinamese Dollar (2015 –2016) on Food Intake in Suriname

Objective: A currency devaluation influences food prices and populations’ diet, especially in developing countries and within poorer households, resulting in the consumption of cheaper, and therefore often lower quality diets. Reduced consumption of high-quality foods restrains the protective health benefits of these foods towards the incidence of NCDs, and increases the risk of microand macronutrient deficiencies among populations that are already subject to food and nutrition insecurity. Despite global evidence of higher food prices directly affecting populations’ health status, and as such possibly jeopardizing economic performance and rural development, there has been no research conducted on the effect of rising food prices on food intake in Suriname yet. As such, the objective of this study was to assemble primary food consumption data, with respect to pre-and post-devaluation food intake patterns of Surinamese households. This with the goal to report changes in post-devaluation dietary intake, in order to better comprehend the future implications for health, facilitating evidence-based policy development and nutrition intervention planning. Results: Higher food prices resulted in low, middle and high-income groups increasing the expenditures on food (p <0.01). Reductions in the proportion of households’ significantly lowering the post-devaluation intake of high-quality foods, such as fruits, vegetables, lean meat and fatty fish were observed (p<0.01). Furthermore, changes in the intake of low-quality foods were witnessed as well, with proportions of households significantly reducing the intake of discretionary foods and terminating eating out-of-home (p <0.01). Conclusion: The fall of the Surinamese currency, in combination with country’s dependency on imported foods, increased local food prices and with salaries remaining the same, resulted in both lowerand higherincome households increasing their food expenditures. Post-devaluation changes in regular dietary pattern and food intake enrolled, with a significant reduction in the consumption of high-quality foods being noticed, especially within lower-economic households. On the one hand, significant proportions of Surinamese households possess a decreased probability of consuming healthy diets. On the other hand, households with also a significant reduction in the intake of low-quality foods might encounter a beneficial health impact if already coping with overweight and related non-communicable diseases.
Radiation Exposure of Personnel Categories at the Center of Oncology and Hematology at Mohammed VI Hospital in Marrakech

Objective: This study aims to estimate the annual doses for personnel categories following their exposure to ionizing radiation during their occupation in the external radiotherapy department of the Center of Oncology and Hematology (COH) at Mohammed VI Hospital in Marrakech. Materials and Methods: Operational dosimeters PACK MGP DMC 3000 were used to measure the dose rates around the machines operating with ionizing radiation. In order to assess the reliability of the measurements made by these dosimeters, they were checked against measurements made at the same position by the Inspector detector. The annual effective dose was calculated by multiplying the average dose rate measured during a procedure by the overall treatment time throughout a year. Results: Regarding the reliability check of the measuring instrument, the recorded error is between 2 and 10% with an average of 7%. For personnel category A, the measured dose rate ranges from 0.066 to 0.083 µSv/h, with an average value of 0.075 µSv/h. For category B, it varies between 0.066 and 0.083 µSv, with an average value of 0.092 µSv/h. It is 0.074 µSv/h for category C. The annual dose for category A ranges from 0.089 to 0.113 mSv/year, with an average value of 0.101 mSv/year. For category B, it varies between 0.089 and 0.113 mSv/year, with an average value of 0.100 mSv/year. It is 0.100mSv/year for category C. Conclusion: The annual effective doses to personnel categories, assessed by this study, are very low compared to the regulatory standards set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). As a result, workers benefit from good radiation protection conditions within the Center of Oncology and Hematology at Mohammed VI Hospital in Marrakech.
Knowledge Level of Farmers Regarding Package of Practices for Gram Crop

The study was undertaken in Tapi district of South Gujarat. It was observed that initially 78 per cent farmers were possessing low, 16 per cent medium and 6 per cent high level of knowledge whereas after acquiring training the values were 8 per cent for low, 10 per cent for medium and 82 per cent for high level of knowledge regarding gram cultivation. It was noticed that 87.0 per cent of the farmers adopted new high yielding variety followed by land configuration (81.0%), integrated nutrient management (83.0%) and used recommended seed rate (82.0%) after acquiring trainings from the KVK. It was also noticed that due to enhanced knowledge and adoption of scientific practices, the yield of gram increased by 36.7 per cent, 45.8 per cent and 46.2 per cent over the yield obtained under farmer's practices during the year 2008–09, 200910 and 2010–11, respectively. Thus, study suggests the need of conducting intensive trainings, FLDs and effective use of all means of extension education to educate the gram growers for achieving higher production of gram in the district.
The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in California

All material in this document is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is appreciated. Printing and dissemination of this report were made possible by grants from the American Heart Association and Kaiser Permanente, and by an unrestricted educational grant from AstraZeneca. Th ese grantors provided support for the state-mandated Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention and Treatment Task Force, which was charged with publicizing the profi le of heart disease and stroke morbidity and mortality, as well as risk factor prevalence in California. Th e Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in California: A Report of the California Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Program is an eff ort consistent with the mission of the California Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (CHDSP) Program: To reduce premature death and disability from heart disease and stroke among Californians. Th is report follows a similar report released in 2002 titled, Heart Disease and Stroke in California: Surveillance and Prevention. 2 Th e purpose of this report is to present current data on heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and related risk factors, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, cigarette smoking, overweight and obesity, and physical inactivity.When possible and appropriate, these data are presented overall and by gender, race/ ethnicity, age, educational attainment, income, and residence. National data are provided for comparisons with state data. Th e information presented in this report will support public health programs dedicated to reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease, in California and elsewhere, through both primary and secondary prevention eff orts. ■ Almost seven percent (6.9 percent) of adults 18 years and older (7.0 percent of men and 6.8 percent of women) indicated that they had been given a heart disease diagnosis by a physician. ■ Almost nine percent (8.8 percent) of adults 65 years and older (8.4 percent of men and 9.2 percent of women) indicated that they had been given a stroke diagnosis by a physician. Individuals aged 80 years and older and African Americans had the highest prevalence of stroke. ■ Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, is the leading cause of death in California, accounting for more than 73,000 deaths (about one-third of the total) in 2004. ■ Th e total number of deaths from CVD exceeds the combined number of deaths from malignant neoplasms (cancer), diabetes, chronic liver disease/cirrhosis, suicide, homicide, …
Class Size And Academic Performance Of Students In Selected Nursing And Midwifery Training Colleges In The Central Region, Ghana

Large class size is a big challenge in most public tertiary educational institutions in Ghana. This study investigated the impact of class size on the academic performance of students of selected Nursing and Midwifery Training Colleges in the Central Region of Ghana, and determined the extent to which large class size management techniques employed by tutors enhance academic performance of the students. The study employed the mixed methods research approach underpinned by the pragmatist paradigm. Specifically, the sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used for the study. For the quantitative phase of the study, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select 131 students, while census sampling frame was employed to involve all the 56 tutors. Also, 20 participants made up of 10 tutors (who were Heads of Departments) and 10 student leaders were purposively selected for the qualitative phase. Two related structured questionnaire (1 for the students and the other for the tutors) were used to gather data for the quantitative phase, while a semi-structured interview guide was employed for data collection at the qualitative phase. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way between groups analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression) were used to analyze the data so as to answer the research questions at a significance level of p <0.05. The one-way between groups ANOVA was used to determine the effect of class size on academic performance and large classroom management techniques. The data gathered through the semi-structured interview was also used to support the quantitative results when necessary. The study revealed that class size had an effect on the academic performance of the students where students in small class size recorded higher performance than their peers in large class sizes. The study, therefore, concluded that classroom size significantly influence academic performance of students at all levels. The relationship between classroom size and academic performance was found to be inversely related. Students in large classrooms performed poorly, while students in small classroom size performed better academically. To ensure a more meaningful academic performance among the students, small class sizes are needed to improve the interaction between tutors and students. Based on this finding, the study recommended that it is pertinent that the management of the colleges studied pay attention to the class sizes so as to ensure good academic performance.
DRUG UTILIZATION EVALUATION OF CEPHALOSPORINS IN GENERAL MEDICINE UNITS OF RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Antibiotics are valuable discoveries of modern medicine and their use has led to a decline in the morbidity and mortality associated with various infectious diseases. As bacterial resistance has grown due to the increasing use of antibiotics, we sought to evaluate the current utilization of cephalosporins in in-patients of medicine department of tertiary care hospital. This was a prospective observational study carried out for inpatients in medicine departments. The documented data were evaluated for use, safety outcomes and cost for the treatment associated with the use of cephalosporins. One hundred and one patients were identified for the use of cephalosporins. Cephalosporins usage accounted for 30.02% of total admission. Male patients accounted for50.50% while female patients were 49.50%. The average length of hospital stay was 7 days. Co-morbid condition is accounted for24.88%. 74.26% patients received cephalosporins for empirical therapy whereas 25.74% received for specific treatment. Majority of hospitalized patients had UTI (16.83%) followed by GI (14.85%) as primary diseases. The widely prescribed cephalosporin was ceftriaxone 48.51%. Majority of hospitalized patients received injection 81.18% and oral 18.82%of cephalosporins. A total of 9 adverse drug reactions were identified. The average direct cost incurred per patient was Rs 1047.90. Cepahlosporins cost accounted for 74.21% of the total medication expenses (Rs 2333469.68). Cephalosporins especially third generation were widely used in medicine departments to treat various disease conditions. Urinary tract Infections is the major disease condition followed by Respiratory Tract Infections and Digestive system infections were seen in the admitted patients. Antibiotics usage cost is accounted for 70% of total hospital stay.
Diagnostics in Low Back Pain

The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to gain more insight into the diagnostic tools used in patients with low back pain. In recent years, general practitioners in the Netherlands can refer low back pain patients for MRI of the lumbar spine themselves. However, data on the use of MRI by general practitioners in the Netherlands are still lacking. In the first part of this thesis, we examined how lumbar MRI is currently used by general practitioners in the Netherlands. Identifying subgroups of patients for whom different treatments are superior has been referred to as the ‘Holy Grail’ of low back pain research. One of the possible subgroups based on pathoanatomical findings are patients with degeneration of the spine. In the second part of this thesis, we performed an epidemiological study on the characteristics of lumbar disc degeneration.