Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of deterrence theory methods on employees' information security behavior

Kuhalampi, Mikko Impact of deterrence theory methods on employees’ information security behavior Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2017, 29 p. Information Systems, Bachelors thesis Supervisor(s): Moilanen, Panu Deterrence theory is originally a term used in psychology and criminology. According to the theory sanction fear prevents individuals from committing illicit acts against the rules. As the corporate world digitalizes, there has been a lot of research on the topic in the context of information systems and security policy compliance in the last 20 years. This study examines the deterrence theory methods and their impacts in employees’ information security behavior. This study is implemented as a literary review and its purpose is to define deterrence theory in the context of information systems and information security compliance as well as study the existing methods and their impacts on employee behavior. The results of the study suggest that there is no absolute truth about the impacts of the deterrence theory methods in the information security behavior of the employees. This is because there are other variables that influence the results, such as qualities of the employees, working environment and culture. Deterrence theory is one of the most-used theories in the context of information security behavior, and research on the topic will surely continue in
Frequency‐Domain Analysis of Heart Rate Variability During Positive and Negative Head‐Up Tilt Test: Importance of Age

The study of autonomic behavior during a head‐up tilt test (HUT) has been deemed important to understand the loss of consciousness mechanism. Though HRV in patients with HUT(+) and HUT(‐) has been compared, few trials emphasized the importance of age. HRV in fre‐quency domain was analyzed based on 5‐minute samples in the supine position, and between 5 and 10 minutes during early tilt test (R1) in 102 patients with one or more episodes of syncope (mean age 44.3 ± 20.8, range 15‐85 years, 55 women). Two subgroups were selected afterwards: (1) young patients between 15 and 35 years of age (41 patients) and (2) elderly patients aged 60 or more (36 patients). The following parameters were taken into account: the sum of low (LF) and high frequency (HF) (LF and HF in absolute values and in normalized units), the LF/HF ratio (L/H ratio), and the percentage of change between base line and Hi values. The HRV behavior in young and elderly patients with positive and negative HUT was established. We then analyzed the correlation between HRV and age and HUT outcome. A multiple re gression analysis encompassing age, HUT outcome, gender, and number of syncope episodes was per formed. In young patients, the LF and HF areas and the L/H ratio changed significantly between baseline and Rl. The L/H ratio increases from baseline to Rl. Conversely, these differences were not significant in the elderly. No differences between HUT(+) and HUT(‐) within the same age group were observed. Age related significantly to practically ail HRV parameters analyzed, whereas the tilt test outcome correlates poorly with HF normalized units and LF normalized units during Rl, and the L/H ratio changes between baseline and Rl. By means of a multivariate analysis, only age shows a significant correlation with the HRV values. Despite an all age triggering of vasovagal syncope during HUT, the young and elderly pa tients’autonomic behavior differs. The young considerably increase their sympathovagal balance during HUT, whereas the elderly have a mitigated autonomic response. No significant differences were observed during the first minutes of the test between those with a HUT(+) and those with a HUT(‐) within the same age group. Age, and not the HUT response, is the major determinant of the autonomic behavior during early HUT.
Experimentally induced hypo‐ and hyper‐thyroidism influence on the antioxidant defence system in adult rat testis

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effect of thyroid hormone on the antioxidant defence system of rat testis. Hypothyroidism induced in rats by 6‐n propyl 2‐thiouracil (PTU) treatment resulted in a reduction in body weight, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate gland. A further decrease in the weight of seminal vesicle was recorded following administration of T3 to hypothyroid rats. The oxidative stress parameters such as hydrogen peroxide and protein carbonyl content increased in the crude homogenate of testis of hypothyroid rats. T3 administration to hypothyroid rats resulted in no further change in the hydrogen peroxide level but the protein carbonyl content further elevated in the crude homogenate of testis. No significant change was observed in the endogenous lipid peroxidation level of the crude homogenate of testis whereas the FeSO4/ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation level decreased in hypothyroid rats and did not change further by T3 administration. Although the reduced glutathione level in the crude homogenate of testis did not change following hypothyroidism, oxidized glutathione level increased. The reduced and oxidized glutathione level decreased and increased, respectively following T3 administration to hypothyroid rats in comparison with PTU‐treated rats. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase decreased in the post‐mitochondrial fraction (PMF) of testis of hypothyroid rats. T3 injection to PTU‐treated rats resulted in an elevation in the level of catalase activity only. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in the PMF of testis elevated in the hypothyroid rats and reduced following T3 treatment to hypothyroid rats. The results of the present study suggest that any alteration in the thyroid hormone level in the body affects the antioxidant defence system of testis of adult rats and, thereby, may affect the physiology of testis through oxidative stress.
An increasing dose of omeprazole combined with amoxycillin cures Helicobacter pylori infection more effectively

Background: The combination of omeprazole and amoxycillin has demonstrated effectiveness with very few side‐effects in the treatment of H. pylori infection, however cure rates have varied widely. The present study addresses the question as to the extent to which the cure rate of H. pylori infection depends on the size of the daily omeprazole dose, and investigates other patient‐related factors that influence treatment success.
Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Model With Improved Carrier Mobility Analysis

This paper presents a SPICE-like graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) model with an improved carrier mobility analysis. The model considers the mobility difference between the electrons and the holes in graphene, as well as the mobility variation against the carrier density. Closed-form analytical solutions have been derived, and the model has been implemented in Verilog-A language. This was compiled into an advanced design system. The proposed model gives excellent agreement between the simulation results and the measurement data for both the hole and electron conduction simultaneously. The model is suitable for the exploration of GFET-based applications, especially for those using the ambipolar transfer property of GFET.
Trematode diversity in the freshwater snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos sensu lato from Thailand and Lao PDR

Abstract In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of trematode diversity in Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos sensu lato, the first intermediate host of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini s.l. , the prevalence of larval trematode species was investigated in different localities in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). In Thailand, snail samples were collected from 29 localities in the nine provinces: Buri Ram, Surin, Chaiya Phum, Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen, Kalasin, Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon and Nakhon Phanom. In Lao PDR, snail samples were collected from 21 localities in Vientiane Province and six localities in Savannakhet Province. Snails were identified by standard morphological criteria and then examined for trematode infection using the cercarial shedding method. Twenty different types of cercariae were detected and identified, based on morphological criteria. Virgulate type 1 emerged as the most common cercaria, with an average prevalence of 10.90% (range 0.26–54.22%) in Thailand and 6.58% (range 1.15–89.77%) in Lao PDR. Opisthorchis viverrini s.l. cercariae were the fourth most common in Thailand, with an average prevalence of 1.59% (0.15–6.93), while in Lao PDR their prevalence was 0.96% (0.08–8.37). The high diversity of trematode cercariae observed in this study indicates that B. s. goniomphalos s.l. is highly susceptible to infection with a variety of trematode species. However, the role of non-opisthorchiid trematodes as fish-borne parasites in human health is not fully known and further molecular identification is required.
Evaluation of a flow cytometry method to determine size and real refractive index distributions in natural marine particle populations

size and real refractive index distributions in natural marine particle populations JACOPO AGAGLIATE, RÜDIGER RÖTTGERS, MICHAEL S. TWARDOWSKI, AND DAVID MCKEE 1 Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NG, Scotland 2 Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Center for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht, Germany 3 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Ft. Pierce, FL 34946, USA. *Corresponding author: david.mckee@strath.ac. uk
Foreign Ownership and Performance of Listed Firms: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

Motivated by the relationship between foreign ownership and firm-level performances in emerging countries, we select Vietnam’s listed market as the context for this empirical setting. We find that there is a significant inverted U shaped relationship between foreign ownership and firm performances. The non-monotonic relationship is consistent with corporate governance theory on the gains from monitoring effects by shareholders or the losses from expropriations when their ownership exceeds a certain large level. Furthermore, we find that foreign investors disfavor firms with high concentration of ownership that relates to image of weak corporate governance. Lastly, there are also evidences that foreign investors are likely to invest in firms with good financial performances, large size, low level of debts, in pharmaceutical industry, and listed in higher liquid stock exchange.
The role of scienti fi c expertise in local adaptation to projected sea level rise

Adaptation to sea level rise (SLR) is primarily taking place at the local level, with varied governments grappling with the diverse ways that SLR will affect cities. Interpreting SLR in the context of local planning requires integrating knowledge across many disciplines, and expert knowledge can help planners understand the potential ramifications of decisions. Little research has focused on the role that experts play in local adaptation planning. Understanding how and when local governments undertake adaptation planning, and how scientists and scientific information can be effectively incorporated into the planning process, is vital to guide scientists who wish to engage in the planning process. This study aimed to establish how experts are currently involved in SLR planning, identify any gaps between planners’ needs and expert involvement, and determine the characteristics of experts that are perceived as highly valuable to the planning process. We surveyed individuals involved with planning in a broad range of US coastal communities about SLR planning and the role that experts have played in the process. We found that SLR planning is widespread in cities across geographic regions, population sizes, and population characteristics and has increased rapidly since 2012. Contrary to our expectation, whether a SLR plan existed for each city was not related to the percentage of the population living on vulnerable lands or the property value of those lands. Almost all cities that have engaged in SLR planning involved experts in that process. Planners identify atmospheric scientists, oceanographers, economists and political scientists, and geologists as currently underutilized according to planners’ needs. Members of these expert disciplines, when involved in planning, were also unlikely to be affiliated with the local planning government, but rather came from other governmental and academic institutions. Highly effective experts were identified as making scientific research more accessible and bringing relevant research to the attention of planners. Results from our dataset suggest that planners perceive local SLR planning could benefit from increased involvement of experts, particularly atmospheric scientists, oceanographers, economists and political scientists, and geologists. Since experts in these disciplines were often not affiliated with local governments, increasing the exchange of information between local governments and academic and other (non-local) government organizations could help draw valued experts into the planning process.
Index selection for multiple traits in upland rice progenies

and an alternative is the use of selection indexes. In this study, the selection indexes of Smith-Hazel, Base Index, Sum of Ranks, and Index Z were used to select superior upland rice progenies for four important agronomic traits. Five commercial cultivars and 191 progenies F 2:4 of upland rice were evaluated for days for flowering, plant height, blast resistance, and grain yield in four environments. The genetic correlation between pairs of traits, the response of selection in each trait and the correlated response considering the selection for number of days to flowering and the response in grain yield were obtained, using an intensity of selectionof 20%. The predicted response to selection of each trait was expressive, but the indirect selection response was not effective. The most efficient selection was obtained by Z Index, which showed the highest response considering all traits simultaneously and was also easy to implement and to interpret graphically interpretation. Therefore, the Z Index can greatly increase the efficiency of selection for multiple traits in upland rice breeding programs.
Use and cost of psychotropic drugs among recipients with autism in a state Medicaid fee-for-service programme.

BACKGROUND There has been a significant increase in the prevalence of autism in the USA in the past few decades. The purpose of this study was to provide recent estimates of psychotropic drug use and costs among individuals with autism enrolled in Medicaid programme. METHOD A cross-sectional analysis of 2007 Mississippi (MS) Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) programme administrative-claims data was performed. Study sample included recipients (<65 years) who had a medical services claim with a diagnosis of autism in 2007. Psychotropic drug patterns of use and costs were studied. Factors predicting the use of psychotropic drugs were identified using logistic regression analyses. Average number and cost of psychotropic drug claims per recipient were reported. Costs were reported from the perspective of MS Medicaid. RESULTS In 2007, there were 1330 recipients with a diagnosis of autism in MS Medicaid FFS programme. Among these recipients, 66.32% had a claim for psychotropic drug during the year. Roughly 39% of recipients with autism had a claim for antipsychotics, 31.58% for stimulants, 19.55% for antidepressants, 19.40% for other psychotropics and 14.81% for anxiolytics/hypnotics/sedatives. Results from regression analyses highlighted variation in psychotropic drug use by demographic and co-morbid factors. There were a total of 12,618 claims for psychotropic drugs filled by recipients with autism in 2007, at an average of 14 (±12) claims per recipient. The total cost of these claims paid for by MS Medicaid FFS programme was ∼$2 million. Antipsychotics accounted for more than half (∼58%) of the total costs, and had the highest average cost per claim ($291 ± 205). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate a high use of psychotropic drugs among individuals with autism enrolled in a state Medicaid programme. There is an urgent need to study the risk-benefit profile of these drugs in this growing population. Psychotropic drug use was found to vary by demographic and co-morbid factors. Among the different classes of psychotropic drugs, antipsychotics were the most commonly used and had the highest cost per claim.
The pluripotency factor LIN 28 in monkey and human testes : a marker for spermatogonial stem cells ?

Mammalian spermatogenesis is maintained by spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). However, since evidentiary assays and unequivocal markers are still missing in non-human primates (NHPs) and man, the identity of primate SSCs is unknown. In contrast, in mice, germ cell transplantation studies have functionally demonstrated the presence of SSCs. LIN28 is an RNA-binding pluripotent stem cell factor, which is also strongly expressed in undifferentiated mouse spermatogonia. By contrast, two recent reports indicated that LIN28 is completely absent from adult human testes. Here, we analyzed LIN28 expression in marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) and human testes during development and adulthood and compared it with that in mice. In the marmoset, LIN28 was strongly expressed in migratory primordial germ cells and gonocytes. Strikingly, we found a rare LIN28-positive subpopulation of spermatogonia also in adult marmoset testis. This was corroborated by western blotting and quantitative RT–PCR. Importantly, in contrast to previous publications, we found LIN28-positive spermatogonia also in normal adult human and additional adult NHP testes. Some seasonal breeders exhibit a degenerated (involuted) germinal epithelium consisting only of Sertoli cells and SSCs during their non-breeding season. The latter re-initiate spermatogenesis prior to the next breeding-season. Fully involuted testes from a seasonal hamster and NHP (Lemur catta) exhibited numerous LIN28-positive spermatogonia, indicating an SSC identity of the labeled cells. We conclude that LIN28 is differentially expressed in mouse and NHP spermatogonia and might be a marker for a rare SSC population in NHPs and man. Further characterization of the LIN28-positive population is required.
Hypertonic Saline Enhances Expression of Phosphorylated Histone H2AX after Irradiation

Abstract Reitsema, T. J., Banáth, J. P., MacPhail, S. H. and Olive,P. L. Hypertonic Saline Enhances Expression of Phosphorylated Histone H2AX after Irradiation. Radiat. Res. 161, 402– 408 (2004). Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 occurs at sites surrounding DNA double-strand breaks, producing discrete spots called “foci” that are visible with a microscope after antibody staining. This modification is believed to create changes in chromatin structure and assemble various repair proteins at sites of DNA damage. To examine the role of chromatin structure, human SiHa cells were exposed to hypertonic salt solutions that are known to condense chromatin and sensitize cells to chromosome damage and killing by ionizing radiation. Postirradiation incubation in 0.5 M Na+ increased γH2AX expression about fourfold as measured by flow cytometry and immunoblotting, and loss of γH2AX was inhibited in the presence of high salt. Focus size rather than the number of radiation-induced γH2AX foci was also increased about fourfold. When high-salt treatment was delayed for 1 h after irradiation, effects on focus size and retention were reduced. The increase in focus size was associated with a decrease in the rate of rejoining of double-strand breaks as measured using the neutral comet assay. We conclude that γH2AX expression after irradiation is sensitive to salt-induced changes in chromatin structure during focus formation, and that a large focus size may be an indication of a reduced ability to repair DNA damage.
DNA repair, a novel antibacterial target: Holliday junction‐trapping peptides induce DNA damage and chromosome segregation defects

Holliday junction intermediates arise in several central pathways of DNA repair, replication fork restart, and site‐specific recombination catalysed by tyrosine recombinases. Previously identified hexapeptide inhibitors of phage lambda integrase‐mediated recombination block the resolution of Holliday junction intermediates in vitro and thereby inhibit recombination, but have no DNA cleavage activity themselves. The most potent peptides are specific for the branched DNA structure itself, as opposed to the integrase complex. Based on this activity, the peptides inhibit several unrelated Holliday junction‐processing enzymes in vitro, including the RecG helicase and RuvABC junction resolvase complex. We have found that some of these hexapeptides are potent bactericidal antimicrobials, effective against both Gm+ and Gm– bacteria. Using epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we have characterized extensively the physiology of bacterial cells treated with these peptides. The hexapeptides cause DNA segregation abnormalities, filamentation and DNA damage. Damage caused by the peptides induces the SOS response, and is synergistic with damage caused by UV and mitomycin C. Our results are consistent with the model that the hexapeptides affect DNA targets that arise during recombination‐dependent repair. We propose that the peptides trap intermediates in the repair of collapsed replication forks, preventing repair and resulting in bacterial death. Inhibition of DNA repair constitutes a novel target of antibiotic therapy. The peptides affect targets that arise in multiple pathways, and as expected, are quite resistant to the development of spontaneous antibiotic resistance.
Clearance of Quadriceps Muscle Haematoma with Dobesilate

Muscle injuries are one of the most common traumas occurring in sports, often accompanied with haemorrhage. The standard of care for patients with acute intramuscular haemorrhages associated with skeletal muscle injuries is conservative therapy. In this context, we have evaluated the effectiveness of dobesilate in a patient with acute rectus femoris haemorrhage. We show for the first time that two weeks of dobesilate treatment cleared intramuscular haemorrhage and improved function in the affected thigh.
The Effect of Dividend Policy on Stock Price Volatility : A Kenyan Perspective

The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between dividend policy and share price volatility and also to determine other factors which may have potential influence on share price volatility for firms listed at Nairobi securities exchange, Kenya. The study covered the period 2008-2012. Existing studies were carried out in the past under different economic conditions as compared to present economic position hence the findings of this research will add value to the existing pool of knowledge. A sample of 30 companies which were continuously listed and paid dividends continuously for the five year period was used to make generalization about population. The study employed correlation cross-sectional descriptive research design to deduce the relationship between dividend policy (measured by dividend yield and payout ratio) and share price volatility after controlling for long term debt, firm size and growth in assets. The study used the multiple linear regression model and from the analysis of the basic model, there was no evidence of significant relationship between dividend policy and share price volatility. After modifying the model to include the control variables, the result remained unchanged at 5% level of significance. None of the control variables used had a significant relationship with share price volatility. The findings of the basic regression model showed that dividend yield and payout ratio only accounted for 5.5% of the variations in stock price volatility while from the modified regression model, it was found that independent variables (dividend yield, payout ratio, long term debt, firm size and growth in assets) accounted for 20.8% of the variations on stock price volatility.