Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scientific basis of the homeopathic healing principle in modern pharmacology

Background: Homeopathy employs the so-called ‘principle of similars’ as therapeutic method - which consists in administering medicines that cause certain symptoms in healthy individuals to treat similar symptoms in sick individuals ( similia similibus curantur ) - to induce a secondary and healing reaction by the body against its own disorders. This secondary (vital, homeostatic or paradoxical) reaction of the body is based on the ‘rebound effect’ of modern drugs, a type of adverse event that occurs following discontinuation of several classes of drugs prescribed according to the ‘principle of contraries’ (contraria contrariis curantur) . Aim: The present review sought to scientifically substantiate the homeopathic healing principle vis-a-vis experimental and clinical pharmacology through a systematic study of the rebound effect of modern drugs or paradoxical reaction of the body. Methods: Employing as reference e studies and revisions on the subject published since 1998, we updated the data adding recent studies included in database PubMed. Results: The rebound effect occurs after discontinuation of several classes of drugs with action contrary to the symptoms of diseases, exacerbating them to levels above the ones before treatment. Regardless of disease, drug, dose and duration of treatment, the rebound phenomenon manifests in a small proportion of susceptible individuals. Following the homeopathic premises, modern drugs might also be used according to the principle of therapeutic similitude, thus employing the rebound effect (paradoxical reaction) with curative intent. Conclusions: Evidenced by hundreds of studies that attest to the similarity of concepts and manifestations, the rebound effect of modern drugs scientifically substantiates the principle of homeopathic cure. Although the rebound phenomenon is an adverse event studied by modern pharmacology, it is not known by health care professionals, thus depriving doctors of knowledge indispensable for safe management of drugs.
Perception of the difficulty of analytical tasks against global tasks for youth soccer players

espanolLos objetivos del presente estudio son: a) valorar la percepcion de dificultad que tienen ninos en iniciacion deportiva frente a unas tareas establecidas segun nivel de dificultad percibido por el entrenador; y b) identificar los patrones tecnico-tacticos que resultan mas complicados en su aprendizaje para ninos en iniciacion deportiva. Para ello se diseno un estudio de caracter cualitativo cuya muestra fueron jovenes jugadores en iniciacion deportiva (n=11), sobre los que se aplico una serie de tareas que su formador habia ordenado en base a su percepcion de la dificultad. Los resultados mas destacados muestran que: a) el desarrollo de ciertas tareas de caracter analitico que se presuponen mas sencillas suponen mayores grados de complejidad para los jovenes jugadores de futbol; y b) la percepcion que tienen los entrenadores sobre la dificultad que suponen los juegos reducidos es mayor que la dificultad que perciben los jovenes jugadores sobre este tipo de tareas. Estos datos pueden servir a los entrenadores en categorias de formacion a orientar la preparacion y el desarrollo de las tareas y de manera mas global a llevar una metodologia de entrenamiento mas acorde a los jugadores. EnglishWithin the training processes in soccer, it is necessary for the design of tasks, that the perception of the coach's difficulty coincides with that of his players, a fact that does not always occur. Therefore, the aims of this study are: a) to assess the perception of difficulty experienced by children in sport initiation compared to tasks according to the level of difficulty perceived by the coach; and b) to identify the technical and tactical patterns of greatest learning difficulty for players in sports initiation. To this end, a qualitative study was designed with youth players in sport initiation (n=11), on which a series of tasks were applied that their trainer had ordered based on their perception of the difficulty. The most notable results show that: a) the development of certain tasks of an analytical nature that are assumed to be simpler means greater degrees of complexity for youth soccer players; and b) the perception that coaches have of the difficulty involved in small sided games is greater than the difficulty perceived by young players on this type of tasks. This data can be used by coaches in training categories to improve the design of tasks, and thus adapt the training methodology to the players.
Genetic diversity of Fusarium wilt pathogen of Tobacco from Karnataka, India

Genetic diversity of 14 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae (FON) the causal organism of tobacco wilt disease was studied using characteristics such as cultural, mol. and pathogenicity. All isolates differed in cultural characteristics. They were subjected to RAPD and were found to be varying. Further, these isolates were also subjected to RFLP of 740bp amplified product which when digested with Taq1 enzyme showed six restriction patterns indicating a high genetic diversity. UPGMA anal. showed 5 distinct clusters based on the banding patterns obtained from RAPD and 5 clusters based on the RFLP anal. All 14 isolates were subjected to pathogenicity test. The isolate 5 FON showed lowest pathogenicity and the isolate 13 FON showed highest pathogenicity. Comparison was made between the results of pathogenicity and UPGMA anal. The least and highest pathogenic isolates belonged to different clusters only in RFLP. [on SciFinder(R)]
A Stata implementation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition

The counterfactual decomposition technique popularized by Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973) is widely used to study mean outcome differences between groups. For example, the technique is often used to analyze wage gaps by sex or race. The present paper summarizes the technique and addresses a number of complications such as the identification of effects of categorical predictors in the detailed decomposition or the estimation of standard errors. A new Stata command called -oaxaca- is introduced and examples illustrating its usage are given.
GENOMIC EVALUATION OF BULLS FOR DAUGHTERS’ MILK TRAITS IN RUSSIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE AND HOLSTEIN CATTLE POPULATION THROUGH THE VALIDATION PROCEDURE

The rapid development of molecular genetic methods in animal breeding over the past ten years has given rise to an increase of the selection intensity at the population level. Expansion of the economically useful traits spectrum of dairy cattle allowed increasing the opportunities for breeding to improve the cows’ health and for studying the essence of the metabolic synthesis of milk components. The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of genomic forecasting in the development of the concept of dairy cattle genetic assessment in the regional and national aspects. The study for bulls’ estimations in Russian Black-and-White improved by Holstein and Holstein breeds by simulation of breeding process using 124 herds of the Moscow and Leningrad regions was carried out. The effectiveness of genomic prediction as compared to the parent averages (PA) and the estimated breeding values (EBV) of sires have been shown. The selection of testing bulls based on the genomic information corrects PA and is to refine EBV that is further obtained by using progeny. Repeatability of genomic EBV was obtained through validation of parentage and genomic information for 100 sires with data for at least 300 daughters. This dataset lay down the core of the newly created Russian regional reference group of dairy cattle. For calculating the additive relationship matrix 1050 ancestors was used. For genomic relationship matrix, 39818 nucleotide polymorphisms were taken into analysis. Based on the REML, BLUP SM, GBLUP methods the procedures to assess of animals were carried out. The average annual genetic trend for milk production traits in the studied populations from 1987 to 2006 was +60 kg, +2.5 kg, +1.5 kg by milk yield, milk fat and milk protein, respectively. It was found that the repeatability of genomic estimates was ranging from 0.371 to 0.606 for milk production traits, which on average exceeded the PA value by 0.147. The accuracy of the evaluation obtained by progeny tested bulls ranged from 0.879 to 0.900 that was higher than the genomic prediction by 0.405 units. The principles of creating the reference population based on the analysis of multi dimension scaling and genetic distances were studied. The distinction between two regional populations (Moscow and Leningrad regions) was Fst = 0.0025. The decay of the linkage disequilibrium between the markers at distances up to 1000 kb is shown. In distance from 5 up to 70 kb the linkage level was get the maximum values from 0.20 to 0.54. In the framework of the metabolic pathways study for the milk components synthesis genetic parameters and mean least square estimates
Effect of hybrid fiber reinforcement on corrosion-induced damage of reinforced concrete

The corrosion of steel reinforcing bars in concrete structures is a primary durability concern in aging infrastructure. Cracks caused by the internal growth of corrosion products increase the permeability of the matrix and degrade the designed capacity of structural elements. In this longterm study, two types of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HyFRC) – a baseline HyFRC and a selfconsolidating HyFRC (SC-HyFRC) – are investigated for serviceability enhancement under a twostage corrosion model (time to corrosion initiation and damage during corrosion propagation). HyFRC, which contains a synergistic blend of microfibers and macrofibers, utilizes a multi-scale approach towards crack control and is extended to durability-related applications. Reinforced HyFRC and reinforced concrete beams were exposed to chloride penetration and monitored for corrosion activity for up to two years. Because concrete structures are subjected to various crack-inducing loads while in service, beam specimens in this study were placed under a cyclic, flexural preloading protocol prior to induced corrosion to account for such service conditions. The time to corrosion initiation was found to increase with reduced maximum flexural crack widths and suppression of surface splitting cracks during preloading, both of which were improved by HyFRC compared to concrete. Crack resistance provided by hybrid fiber reinforcement was evident during the corrosion propagation stage, as additional surface cracking was not detected with reinforced HyFRC and residual flexural testing revealed no significant degradation in flexural performance. In contrast, damage to reinforced concrete beams resulted in nearly complete loss of rebar-matrix bond due to extensive splitting crack formation and widening. The results suggest hybrid fiber reinforcement was effective in resisting tensile stresses from mechanical loading and from the internal growth of corrosion products, ultimately limiting the damage to reinforcing steel and maintaining the service capacity of beam elements.
25 kHz narrow spectral bandwidth of a wavelength tunable diode laser with a short waveguide-based external cavity

We report on the spectral properties of a diode laser with a tunable external cavity mirror, realized as an integrated optics waveguide circuit. Even though the external cavity is short compared to that of other narrow bandwidth external cavity lasers, the spectral bandwidth of this tunable laser is as small as 25 kHz (FWHM). The side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is 50 dB. The laser is able to access preset wavelengths in 200 μs and can be tuned over the full telecommunications C-band (1530–1565 nm).
Feeding-related controls on microbial nitrogen cycling associated with the Arctic marine copepod Calanus hyperboreus

: The copepod Calanus hyperboreus , a key species of Arctic marine ecosystems, has a par-tially anoxic gut that is suspected to host anaerobic microbial activities. So far, however, only dead specimens have been studied in which gut processes are quickly abolished by microbial carcass degradation. Here, live specimens were exposed to different feeding regimes and ambient oxygen levels to study the controls on copepod-associated microbial nitrogen cycling in 15 N-enrichment experiments. Algae-fed copepods exhibited consistently high rates of denitrification and low or variable rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (or nitrite), nitrification, and nitrous oxide release. Thus, live C. hyperboreus contribute to pelagic fixed-nitrogen loss through denitrification that is otherwise absent from oxygenated Arctic surface waters. The feeding-related controls on copepod-associated anaerobic nitrogen cycling are supported by significantly reduced rates in starved copepods. In addition, freshly released fecal pellets showed similar patterns of nitrogen cycling as fed copepods. Unlike in previous studies on copepod carcasses, low ambient oxygen levels did not stimulate anaerobic nitrogen cycling in live specimens, sup-porting that the C. hyperboreus gut is anoxic, irre-spective of ambient oxygen levels. Fecal pellets and carcasses retained denitrification activity for 4 d of simulated sinking. We estimate that during the time of the Arctic spring bloom, pelagic denitrification associated with live specimens, fecal pellets, and carcasses of C. hyperboreus is equivalent to ~12% of the benthic fixed-nitrogen loss. This estimate increases to ~28%, provided that the abundant sibling species C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus exhibit denitrification activities in proportion to their smaller body size.
Dynamic Management of Mutual Fund Advisory Contracts

The price of professional portfolio management provided by the mutual fund adviser depends not only on the fund characteristics but also on the fund objective, the adviser's portfolio related and management based decisions, and the portfolio performance. We analyze the advisory fee, using a survivorship bias free data set of 176 equity funds managed by 125 different advisers. Advisers benchmark the objective average but this benefit the shareholders only when the objective trend is descending. Advisers tend to reduce the cost of their marginal product through the use of derivatives or manipulate by engaging in soft dollar agreements. We find that the advisers actively manage the advisory fee contracts responding to the outcome of their management decisions. The advisory fee increases after voluntary fee reimbursement or if the adviser is not fully reimbursed for the compensation of independent directors and officers. Risk taking behavior is the main motivation behind the structure of the advisory contracts. Advisers who adopt more linear contracts that would motivate them to take on more risk tend to use derivatives arguably for better risk management and are less likely to engage in research agreements that would require a reduction in the advisory fee.
A Review on the Psychological Effects of Media on Children

Peers do believe that children's negative reactions towards witnessing high levels of violence on media may become spontaneous, and may risk to other abnormal situations, in their later phase, over time, jeopardizing their emotional security and social behaviour problems. Of the media, Children are increasingly becoming heavy consumers giving rise the perception of the world as a dangerous place. This subject with its essential consequence has remained one of the most- urgent, as well as hotly disputed topics, in psychological studies. At the same moment it has been subjected to a searching critique and a debate to the psychologists as well as the researchers for many decades. Suggestively, this review considers various dimensional studies that suggest and figure out an appropriate discipline of psychology and research that can meet with, comprehensively, the specific coping styles, their preoccupation or vigilance or the state of aggression and violence, which are directly related to a major threat to the upcoming generation, in the future.
Helicobacter pylori vacA genotyping in relation to cagA status, ultra-structure of gastric mucosa and clinical outcomes in Egyptian patients

Helicobactor pylori (H. pylori) has been strongly associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer and is linked to an increased risk of gastric cancer. The cytotoxin-associated gene product (cagA) and the vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) have been implicated as two major virulence factors of H. pylori. Since there is an increasing evidence that genetic variability of H. pylori may have clinical importance, we aimed to evaluate different vacA genotypes and reveal its relationship with endoscopic and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) findings among H. pylori infected Egyptian patients. Forty H. pylori infected patients possessing vacA gene who underwent upper endoscopic examination were considered to be infected with H. pylori when rapid urease test and detection of 16S rRNA in gastric biopsy recorded positive. Both vacA and cagA genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The TEM was performed to assess the ultra-structure of the gastric mucosa. Four vacA genotypes were identified, the most prominent was the s2/m2 allele combination (52.5%) followed by s1/m1 (27.5%), s1/m2 (17.5%) and s2/m1 genotype was found just in one H. pylori strain (2.5%). There were significant correlations between vacA s2/m2 and gastritis (65.2%), and vacA s1/m1 and peptic ulceration (57%). The cagA gene was associated with 38% of vacA genotypes and 60% of which were significantly associated with vacA s1/m1 genotype with the development of severe gastritis reaching up to gastric ulcer. The TEM revealed H. pylori spiral and coccoid forms, cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration caused by vacA, swollen mitochondria and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. In Egypt where prevalence of H. pylori infection is high, genotyping of H. pylori virulence factors can help to predict patients who are at a high risk of related gastroduodenal diseases. Although H. pylori with vacA s2/m2 genotype is mostly related to low level of virulent strains yet, significant crosstalk between H. pylori strains harboring both vacA s1/m1 and cagA gene provides crucial insights into virulence of high level. Key words: Helicobactor pylori, vacA genotyping, cagA, gastritis, peptic ulcer.
Synthesis of a new series of quinolinyl chalcones as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents

A new series of quinolinyl chalcone derivatives (SGCH 1-20) have been synthesized by the reaction of quinolinyl and chloroquinolinyl acetophenones with substituted aromatic aldehydes. These compounds have been characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, mass spectral and elemental analysis. The compounds have been found to exhibit anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Among the compounds tested for anticancer activity on RAW cell lines by MTT assay, compound SGCII 3 (3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-2-propen-1-one) show more percentage of inhibition upto 103%. With regard to the anti-inflammatory activity, compound SGCH 9 (3-(2-furyl)-1-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-2-propen-1-one), SGCH 10 (3-mcthyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-2-propen-1-one), SGCII 19 (1-(7-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-3-(2-furyl)-2-propen-1-one) and SGCH 20 (1-(7-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-naphthyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-2-propen-1-one) have been found to significant reduction in rat paw oedema when compared to the other compounds.
Inequity in Hospital Care Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Who Are Proficient and Not Proficient in English Language?: Analysis of the SNAPSHOT

Background: The provision of equitable acute coronary syndrome (ACS) care in Australia and New Zealand (NZ) requires an understanding of the sources of variation in the provision of this care. Objective: To compare the variation in care and outcomes between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) and English proficiency (EP) admitted to Australian and New Zealand (NZ) hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from 4387 suspected/confirmed ACS patients from 286 hospitals between 14-27 May 2012 who were followed for 18 months. We compared hospital care and outcomes according to the proficiency of English using logistic regressions. Results: The 294 LEP patients were older (70.9 years vs. 66.3, p<0.001), had higher prevalence of hypertension (71.1% vs. 62.8%, p=0.004), diabetes (40.5% vs. 24.3%, p<0.001) and renal impairment (16.3% vs. 11.1%, p=0.007) compared to the 4093 EP patients. Once in hospital, there was no difference in receipt of percutaneous coronary intervention (57.0% vs. 55.4%, p=0.78) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (10.5% vs. 11.5%, p=0.98). Following adjustment for the past medical history, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the two groups in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and/or all-cause death, during the index admission and from index admission to 18 months. Conclusions: These results suggest that LEP patients admitted to Australian or NZ hospitals with suspected ACS may not suffer inequity in in-hospital care and outcomes.
PRICE DISCRIMINATION AND PRICING-TO-MARKET BEHAVIOR OF BLACK SEA REGION WHEAT EXPORTERS

Abstract Substantial changes in the world wheat market have resulted in a shift in the market shares of the main wheat exporting countries. Since 2002, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine (KRU) have become important wheat exporters on the world market, and their pricing behavior has become a vital issue. By applying the pricing-to-market model to wheat exports, this study analyzes the price-discriminating behavior of KRU wheat exports from 1996 to 2012. The results demonstrate that KRU are able to exercise price discrimination in some importing countries, but in most they either face perfect competition or set common markups in imperfectly competitive markets.
From Today's City to Tomorrow's City: An Empirical Investigation of Urban Land Assembly

Because cities are constrained by the boundaries of land ownership, fundamental urban modifications require land delineation changes. We evaluate whether there is enough land assembly--the joining together of two or more parcels of land--to put land to its highest value use. We hypothesize that in the absence of market frictions such as holdouts, the price of land sold for assembly should not exceed the price of land sold for other uses. Empirically, we find that to-be-assembled land in Los Angeles trades at a 15 to 40 percent premium and conclude that significant frictions prevent assembly.
Nano-indentation fracture test of Pb ( Zr 0 . 52 Ti 0 . 48 ) O 3 ferroelectric thin films

In this paper, we propose an elastic groundsill beam model with piezoelectric effect considered to assess the interfacial adhesion of ferroelectrics thin films, complemented and validated by nano-indentation fracture test on Pb(Zr 0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thin films. It was observed that the hardness and elastic modulus of thin films depend on the indentation depth. It was also observed from the load-indentation depth curves and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images that the fracture failure of PZT thin films induced by nano-indentations can be divided into three typical stages: no damage, bulging and spallation. The delamination of thin film systems was modeled as an interfacial crack propagation problem, with the energy release rate determined from the elastic groundsill beam model. Good agreement was observed between the indentation load and the radius of the largest imprint. For PZT thin films deposited on single Si substrate with thickness of 350 nm and 450 nm, the energy release rates per unit new crack area are in the range of 3.4~52.4 J/m 2 and the phase angles are constant of 13.4 °. The corresponding mode I and mode II stress intensity factors are in the range ofKI = 0.4–1.6MPa· m and KII = 0.6–2.2MPa· m.  2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.