Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial production of lactic acid: the latest development

Abstract Lactic acid is an important platform chemical for producing polylactic acid (PLA) and other value-added products. It is naturally produced by a wide spectrum of microbes including bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. In general, bacteria ferment C5 and C6 sugars to lactic acid by either homo- or hetero-fermentative mode. Xylose isomerase, phosphoketolase, transaldolase, l- and d-lactate dehydrogenases are the key enzymes that affect the ways of lactic acid production. Metabolic engineering of microbial strains are usually needed to produce lactic acid from unconventional carbon sources. Production of d-LA has attracted much attention due to the demand for producing thermostable PLA, but large scale production of d-LA has not yet been commercialized. Thermophilic Bacillus coagulans strains are able to produce l-lactic acid from lignocellulose sugars homo-fermentatively under non-sterilized conditions, but the lack of genetic tools for metabolically engineering them severely affects their development for industrial applications. Pre-treatment of agriculture biomass to obtain fermentable sugars is a pre-requisite for utilization of the huge amounts of agricultural biomass to produce lactic acid. The major challenge is to obtain quality sugars of high concentrations in a cost effective-way. To avoid or minimize the use of neutralizing agents during fermentation, genetically engineering the strains to make them resist acidic environment and produce lactic acid at low pH would be very helpful for reducing the production cost of lactic acid.
Two Biochemical Markers Effectively Used to Separate Smokeless Tobacco Users From Smokers and Nonusers

Data from asbestos workers were used to devise a cutpoint classifier to identify subjects as Nonuser (non-tobacco user), Smokeless (exclusive smokeless tobacco user), and Smoker (ignited tobacco user). In some clinical trials and smoking cessation programs, Smokeless should be separated from Smoker. One therefore needs a marker for smoke exposure, such as thiocyanate, since nicotine levels, as measured by cotinine, could be similar in both groups. Levels of cotinine (ng/mL) and thiocyanate (μmol/L) levels (mean ± SD) were, respectively: 320.9 ± 201.1 and 145.9 ± 63.7 for the Smoker group; 339.1 ±327.5 and 32.0 ± 16.9 for the Smokeless group; and 0.6 ± 2.6 and 58.2 ± 33.2 for the Nonuser group. For Nonuser, Smokeless, and Smoker, respectively, the self-reported status was 45.1%, 10.8%, and 44.1%, which was adjusted to 42.2%, 11.6%, and 46.2%; the classifier yielded sensitivities of 100%, 76.1%, and 92.2%; specificities of 96.1%, 97.6%, and 96.4%; and predictive values of 94.9%, 80.6%, and 95.6%. The classifier successfully identified Nonusers, separated Smokeless from Smoker, and determined the prevalence of false reports in our cohort.
Fuzzy (m, n)-ary sub-hypermodules (with thresholds)

This paper considers a relationship between fuzzy sets and m,n-ary hypermodules. We introduce the notion of a fuzzy and anti fuzzy m,n-ary sub-hypermodules. A generalization of ideas presented by Davvaz and Corsini [Information Sciences 177 2007 865-875] and Bhakat and Das [Fuzzy Sets and Systems 80 1996 359-368], is presented. In fact, we study ∈, ∈ ∨ q-fuzzy m,n-ary sub-hypermodules. Also, the concept of a fuzzy m,n-ary sub-hypermodule with thresholds is investigated.
The topological Vaught's conjecture and minimal counterexamples

Let G be a Polish topological group, let X be a Polish space, let J: G × X → X be a Borel-measurable action of G on X, and let A ⊂ X be a Borel set which is invariant with respect to J, i.e., a Borel set of orbits. The following statement, or various equivalent versions of it, is known as the Topological Vaught's Conjecture. Let (G, X, J, A) be as above. Either A contains only countably many orbits, or else, A contains perfectly many orbits. We say that A contains perfectly many orbits if there is a perfect set P ⊂ A such that no two elements of P are in the same orbit. (Assuming ¬CH, A contains perfectly many orbits iff it contains 2ℵ0 orbits.) The Topological Vaught's Conjecture implies the usual, model theoretic, Vaught's Conjecture for Lω1ω, since the isomorphism classes are the orbits of an action of the group of permutations of ω; we give details in §0. The “Borel” assumption cannot be weakened for either A or J. Given a Borel-measurable Polish action (G,X,J) and an invariant Borel set B ⊂ X, we say that B is a minimal counterexample if (G,X,J,B) is a counterexample to the Topological Vaught's Conjecture and for every invariant Borel C ⊂ B, either C or B\C contains only countably many orbits. This paper is concerned with counterexamples to the Topological Vaught's Conjecture (of course, there may not be any), and in particular, with minimal counterexamples. First, there is a theorem on the existence of minimal counterexamples. This theorem was known for the model theoretic case (it is due to Harnik and Makkai), and is here generalized to arbitrary Borel-measurable Polish actions. Second, we study the properties of minimal counterexamples. We give two different necessary and sufficient conditions for a counterexample to be minimal, as well as some consequences of minimality. Some of these results are proved assuming determinacy axioms.This second part seems to be new even in the model theoretic case.
A heuristic power management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

In this paper, a rule based power management strategy for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is presented. The vehicle engine map is divided into several areas and the engine is controlled based on the demanded power and the battery state of charge. A new proposed strategy is designed in such a way that the engine operates in the efficient area without sacrificing the vehicle performances. Moreover, it is very simple and can be applied using a low cost processor. The proposed strategy is simulated in the ADVISOR environment. The simulation results indicate that the fuel efficiency is improved by using the proposed strategy.
Deafness following maternal rubella. Retrospective and prospective studies.

A prospective study of children born to women who had had rubella in pregnancy during a widespread epidemic of the disease was instituted in 1951 and is still in progress. The present investigation comprises a prospective study of the hearing capacity of children in the Stockholm area who had histories of maternal rubella, as well as a retrospective study of children with hearing defects who had been referred to the Department of Otolaryngology and the Laboratory of Audiology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm. The report also includes an inquiry conducted in the schools for the deaf and the special classes for hard-of-hearing children, with respect to pupils whose births were associated with the aforementioned epidemic.
A Comparative Cost Analysis of Cleft Lip Adhesion and Nasoalveolar Molding before Formal Cleft Lip Repair

Background: Patients with complete cleft lip and palate may benefit from cleft lip adhesion or nasoalveolar molding before formal cleft lip repair. The authors compared the relative costs to insurers of these two treatment modalities and the burden of care to families. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of cleft lip and palate patients treated with nasoalveolar molding or cleft lip adhesion at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between January of 2007 and June of 2012. Demographic, appointment, and surgical data were reviewed; surgical, inpatient hospital, and orthodontic charges and costs were obtained. Multivariate linear regression and two-sample, two-tailed independent t tests were performed to compare cost and appointment data between groups. Results: Forty-two cleft adhesion and 35 nasoalveolar molding patients met inclusion criteria. Mean costs for nasoalveolar molding were $3550.24 ± $667.27. Cleft adhesion costs, consisting of both hospital and surgical costs, were $9370.55 ± $1691.79. Analysis of log costs demonstrated a significant difference between the groups, with the mean total cost for nasoalveolar molding significantly lower than that for adhesion (p < 0.0001). Nasoalveolar molding patients had significantly more made, cancelled, no-show, and missed visits and a higher missed percentage than adhesion patients (p < 0.0001) for all except no-show appointments, (p = 0.0199), indicating a higher burden of care to families. Conclusions: Nasoalveolar molding may cost less before formal cleft lip repair treatment than cleft lip adhesion. Third-party payers who cover adhesion and not nasoalveolar molding may not be acting in their own best interest. Nasoalveolar molding places a higher burden of care on families, and this fact should be considered in planning treatment.
B lymphocytes in inflammatory airway diseases

B lymphocytes are key players in all facets of adaptive immune responses and are responsible for the production of IgE antibodies, initiators of allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Recent evidence indicates that B cells may be a crucial player in allergic and inflammatory airway pathology, directly populating upper and lower airway tissues. This review examines human and animal studies that directly demonstrated the presence of B lymphocytes in airway tissues and elaborates on their function as antibody‐secreting cells, antigen‐presenting cells and producers of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. B lymphocytes appear to contribute to multiple facets of immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways.
Two Rippled-Sheet Configurations of Polypeptide Chains, and a Note about the Pleated Sheets.

About a year ago, in the course of the consideration of configurations of polypeptide chains with favored orientations around single bonds, we described two pleated-sheet structures. ' These structures are suited to polypeptide chains constructed entirely of L amino-acid residues or of D aminoacid residues. In one pleated sheet alternate polypeptide chains are antiparallel, and in the other they are parallel. The amide groups have the trans configuration. We have observed that closely related structures can be constructed in which polypeptide chains of D and L amino-acid residues alternate. The configuration of these layer structures is such as to make it appropriate to call them rippled sheets. The Antiparallel-Chain Rippled Sheet. -The antiparallel-chain rippled sheet, represented in figure 1, is closely similar to the antiparallel-chain
A Concentrated-Grant-Based Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

Ethernet passive optical access network (EPON) combined with IP transportation and PON transparent broadband transmission is considered a major means for broadband access and FTTH in the future. It has advantages of low-cost, compatibility, simplicity, flexibility, and so on. How to maximize the utilization of limited bandwidth of upstream bandwidth among optical network units (ONUs) is one of the key issues in EPON system. This paper proposes a new concentrated bandwidth allocation algorithm of lightly-loaded-ONU-first and heavily-loaded-ONU-twice-assigned. By adjusting ONUs' scheduling, this algorithm improves the implementation of EPON. Simulation results show that this algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in overhead bandwidth loss, average packet delay, and average queue length.
Apolipoprotein E phylogeny and evolution

Among apolipoproteins, apolipoprotein E (Apo E) plays a pivotal role in lipid transport and is proposed to be involved in neural repair. Because of a long divergence history of apolipoproteins, it is unclear how Apo E evolved in time. To investigate relationships among Apo E proteins, we used the information from molecular data and analysed the phylogeny of Apo E proteins from various species. Several phylogenetic trees were generated by using both character‐based and distance‐based phylogenetic methods. Apo E sequences of fish and frog were found to be less related to the Apo E sequences of other species. The most likely ancestor of Apo E among 18 organisms was estimated to be the Apo E of frog. Members of the groups formed by the Apo E proteins of various species shared similar feeding habits and diet. It may be suggested that Apo E evolution and very likely the evolution of other apolipoproteins are influenced by the organism's feeding environment and diet. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals in adult Friesian horses from North America.

Friesian-specific reference intervals make diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of response to therapy more accurate and provide equine veterinarians greater confidence in evaluating the health of the Friesian horses under their care. Authors’ addresses: Fenway Foundation for Friesian Horses, N3398 State Road 76, Hortonville, WI 54944 (Fox); Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (Sample, Friedrichs); IDEXX Laboratories, 3 Centennial Drive, Suite 1, North Grafton, MA 01536 (Wunn); IDEXX Laboratories, 300 East Wilson Bridge Road, Suite 200, Worthington, OH 43085 (Roth); e-mail: friedrik@svm.vetmed. wisc.edu. *Corresponding author; †presenting author. © 2013 AAEP.
New phenolic acids from Salvia yunnanensis C.H.Wright

Abstract Two new phenolic acids, ethyl pro-lithospermate (1), n-butyl pro-lithospermate (2) were isolated from Salvia yunnanensis C.H. Wright, along with nineteen known compounds (3–21). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectrometry and by comparing their physical and spectroscopic data to the literature. Among them, compounds 11, 12 and 14–16 were firstly isolated from S. yunnanensis C.H. Wright. Some of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotection. Compounds 10–12 showed significant neuroprotective effects in PC12 cells and compounds 1, 4–7 displayed moderate neuroprotective effects.
ODD (observation- and description-deprived) psychological research

Abstract Most psychological research consists of experiments that put people in artificial situations that elicit unnatural behavior whose ecological validity is unknown. Without knowing the psychocultural meaning of experimental situations, we cannot interpret the responses of WEIRD people, let alone people in other cultures. Psychology, like other sciences, needs to be solidly rooted in naturalistic observation and description of people around the world. Theory should be inductively developed and tested against real-world behavior.
Effects of cholesterol and docosahexaenoic acid on cell viability and (Ca2+)i levels in acutely isolated mouse thymocytes

We investigated the effects of lipids on thymocyte function. The effects of application of cholesterol or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a C22, omega‐3 (n‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), on viability and intracellular calcium concentrations of acutely isolated mouse thymocytes were investigated using flow cytometry. Cholesterol (100 µM) caused significant cell death after 30–60 min whether or not calcium was present in the medium. Cell death was associated with an elevation of intracellular calcium whether or not calcium was present in the extracellular medium. However, the elevation of calcium concentration was not responsible for the cell death since calcium levels in the presence of ionomycin rose higher without significant cell death. DHA had similar actions but was more potent, causing significant cell death and elevation of calcium concentration within 5 min at 1 µM. In the absence of extracellular calcium 1 µM DHA caused 100% cell death within 15 min. Linolenic acid, a C18 omega‐3 fatty acid also caused cytotoxicity at low concentrations whether or not albumin was present, but omega‐6 or saturated C22 fatty acids were much less effective. These observations demonstrate that thymocyte viability is very sensitive to acute exposure to low concentrations of omega‐3 fatty acids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User-Centered Design of an Interactive Off-Line Handwritten Architectural Floor Plan Recognition

In this paper, we present the impact of user interaction in the recognition of off-line structured documents. This interaction requires solving two major problems: how interpretation results will be presented to the user, and how the user will interact with analysis process. We propose to study the effects of those two aspects in the context of an interactive method (IMISketch) for off-line handwritten 2D architectural floor plan recognition. The use tests are realized in collaboration with researchers in cognitive psychology (more than 100 persons participated in the tests). The experiments demonstrate that (i) a progressive presentation of the analysis results, (ii) user interventions during it and (iii) the user solicitation by the analysis process are an efficient strategy for interactive recognition of offline documents.
Testing a Precise Null Hypothesis: The Case of Lindley’s Paradox

Testing a point null hypothesis is a classical but controversial issue in statistical methodology. A prominent illustration is Lindley’s Paradox, which emerges in hypothesis tests with large sample size and exposes a salient divergence between Bayesian and frequentist inference. A close analysis of the paradox reveals that both Bayesians and frequentists fail to satisfactorily resolve it. As an alternative, I suggest Bernardo’s Bayesian Reference Criterion: (i) it targets the predictive performance of the null hypothesis in future experiments; (ii) it provides a proper decision-theoretic model for testing a point null hypothesis; (iii) it convincingly addresses Lindley’s Paradox.
Effectiveness of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine in the treatment of first-episode non-affective psychosis: results of a randomized, flexible-dose, open-label 1-year follow-up comparison

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effectiveness and efficacy of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. This was a prospective, randomized, open-label study. Data for the present investigation were obtained from a large epidemiological and 3-year longitudinal intervention programme of first-episode psychosis conducted at the University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. One hundred and seventy-four patients were randomly assigned to haloperidol (N = 56), olanzapine (N = 55), or risperidone (N = 63) and followed up for 1 year. The primary effectiveness measure was all causes of treatment discontinuation. Effectiveness analyses were based on intend-to-treat populations. In addition, an analysis based on per protocol populations was conducted in the analysis for clinical efficacy. The treatment discontinuation rate for any cause was higher with haloperidol than with risperidone and olanzapine (χ2 = 8.517; p = 0.014). The difference in discontinuation rate between risperidone and olanzapine was not significant (χ2 = 0.063; p = 0.802). There were no significant advantages of any of the three treatments in reducing the severity of psychopathology. Risperidone and olanzapine demonstrated higher effectiveness relative to haloperidol, but the three antipsychotics were equally effective in reducing the severity of psychopathology. Specific clinical programmes and the use of second-generation antipsychotics may enhance the effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments.
Modeling and Simulation Framework for Assessing Interference in Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we propose an empirical framework for modeling and emulating interference in multi-hop wireless ad-hoc networks. Wireless interference causes wide variation in the frame delivery rate at a link, and thus we cannot represent the state of the link with only two states, connected state and disconnected state, as in wired networks. We first investigate wireless interference in detail, in order to accurately calibrate the interference and identify its underlying attributes, and then we simulate the diverse occurrences and effects of interference, after incorporating the scheme into a simulation tool. Based on these observations, we devise a modeling and simulation framework with several control parameters, and perform an extensive set of simulation studies. The simulation results indicate that the proposed framework enables us to examine various attributes of wireless interferences and their effects on wireless network protocols and systems.
[Correlation analysis of G870A CCND1 gene polymorphism with digestive system tumors].

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation of G870A CCND1 gene polymorphism and digestive system tumors. METHODS From August 2010 to August 2014, 164 digestive system cancer patients (including 82 patients with gastric cancer and 82 with colorectal cancer) and 82 healthy subjects (control group) were examined with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The distribution of CCND1 gene G870A frequency in the 3 groups and its association with tumor staging and grading were analyzed. RESULTS The frequencies of the GG, GA and AA genotypes in G870A CCND1 gene loci in patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer differed significantly from those in the control group (P<0.05). G870A CCND1 gene polymorphism was closely associated with an increased risk of digestive system tumors (P<0.05). The GA and AA genotypes were associated with a significantly higher risk of digestive system cancer risk than the GG genotype (P<0.05), and their frequencies were significantly higher in patients with tumors of higher pathological grade and in those in advanced tumor stages (P<0.05). CONCLUSION G870A CCND1 gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of digestive system tumors. The allele A is associated with an increased risk of digestive system tumors and correlated with the tumor differentiation and staging of the tumor.
Defend the practicality of single-integrator models in multi-robot coordination control

Single-integrator models have been widely used to model robot kinematics in multi-robot coordination control problems. However, it is also widely believed that this model is too simple to lead to practically useful control laws. In this paper, we prove that if a gradient-descent distributed control law designed for single integrators has been proved to be convergent for a given coordination task, then the control law can be readily modified to adapt for various motion constraints including velocity saturation, obstacle avoidance, and nonholonomic models. This result is valid for a wide range of coordination tasks. It defends the practical usefulness of many existing coordination control laws designed based on single-integrator models and suggests a new methodology to design coordination control laws subject motion constraints.
Space vector based bus clamped PWM algorithms for three level inverters: implementation, performance analysis and application considerations

This paper describes the different types of space vector based bus clamped PWM algorithms for three level inverters. A novel bus clamp PWM algorithm for low modulation indices region is also presented. The principles and switching sequences of all the types of bus clamped algorithms for high switching frequency are presented. Synchronized version of the PWM sequences for high power applications where switching frequency is low is also presented. The implementation details on DSP based digital controller and experimental results are presented. The THD of the output waveforms is studied for the entire operating region and is compared with the conventional space vector PWM technique. The bus clamped techniques can be used to reduce the switching losses or to improve the output voltage quality or both. Different issues dominate depending on the type of application and power rating of the inverters. The results presented in this paper can be used for judicious use of the PWM techniques, which result in improved system efficiency and performance.