Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of a Pressurized Cooking Stove Using Vegetable Cooking Oils as Fuel

Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and kerosene can be substituted by vegetable cooking oils (VCOs) as fuel using pressurized cooking stove. The higher of ignition values, density and viscosity of VCOs compared to other oils, such as kerosene was a basic consideration to modify the vegetable oil pressure stove (VOPS). The voPs design employed with spiral coil pipe line as oil preheater that was intended to reduce viscosity and ignition values of VCOs. The spiral coil pipe line in this VOPS will auto preaheat the oil to decrease its viscosity and to produce smaller droplets before being combusted. The performance indicators fuel/stove/vessel combination were conducted by measurements, calculations and experiments. The performance parameters were represented by fuel characteristic, oil droplet diameter, combustion flame and fuel consumption. The main purpose of this experiment was to study of the use of VCOs as alternative fuels as well as combustion performance and economics evaluation. The experiment was conducted by using three kind of VCOs as fuel; used vegetable oil (UCO), crude VCO and fresh UCO on VOPS. The VCOs could be burned in a red bluish flame with a maximum flame temperature of flue gases of 1100 °C, 1042 °C and 920 °C, respectively. Atomization of all VCOs could produce fuel droplets diameter of 155 µm-650 µm and lower viscosity and lower ignition values of the fuels. The efficiency of the VOPS was 20%-32% calculated by the fuel consumption rate (FCR) of ±1.50 L/h and gave the economic values were cheaper than using kerosene or LPG as fuel.
Repeat mapping of snow depth across an alpine catchment with RPAS photogrammetry

Abstract. Being dynamic in time and space, seasonal snow represents a difficult target for ongoing in situ measurement and characterisation. Improved understanding and modelling of the seasonal snowpack requires mapping snow depth at fine spatial resolution. The potential of remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) photogrammetry to resolve spatial variability of snow depth is evaluated within an alpine catchment of the Pisa Range, New Zealand. Digital surface models (DSMs) at 0.15 m spatial resolution in autumn (snow-free reference) winter (2 August 2016) and spring (10 September 2016) allowed mapping of snow depth via DSM differencing. The consistency and accuracy of the RPAS-derived surface was assessed by the propagation of check point residuals from the aero-triangulation of constituent DSMs and via comparison of snow-free regions of the spring and autumn DSMs. The accuracy of RPAS-derived snow depth was validated with in situ snow probe measurements. Results for snow-free areas between DSMs acquired in autumn and spring demonstrate repeatability yet also reveal that elevation errors follow a distribution that substantially departs from a normal distribution, symptomatic of the influence of DSM co-registration and terrain characteristics on vertical uncertainty. Error propagation saw snow depth mapped with an accuracy of ±0.08 m (90 % c.l.). This is lower than the characterization of uncertainties on snow-free areas (±0.14 m). Comparisons between RPAS and in situ snow depth measurements confirm this level of performance of RPAS photogrammetry while also highlighting the influence of vegetation on snow depth uncertainty and bias. Semi-variogram analysis revealed that the RPAS outperformed systematic in situ measurements in resolving fine-scale spatial variability. Despite limitations accompanying RPAS photogrammetry, which are relevant to similar applications of surface and volume change analysis, this study demonstrates a repeatable means of accurately mapping snow depth for an entire, yet relatively small, hydrological catchment (∼0.4 km2) at very high resolution. Resolving snowpack features associated with redistribution and preferential accumulation and ablation, snow depth maps provide geostatistically robust insights into seasonal snow processes, with unprecedented detail. Such data will enhance understanding of physical processes controlling spatial distributions of seasonal snow and their relative importance on varying spatial and temporal scales.
Women and the web: Cybersex activity and implications

Women are often omitted from discussions of cybersex activity, yet women are over-represented among those who are rated as cybersex-compulsive. Failure to consider females' problems with their Internet sexual expression leaves this special population at risk and without helpful clinical resources. This article examines how women's web use compares with men's, why females are overlooked in their Internet behaviours, offers details of women's on-line activity, and suggests implications for women themselves and for those who treat them. Women's cybersex activities are contrasted with a model of healthy sexuality, which illustrates potential problems with females' Internet sex behaviours. Specific considerations are offered for clinicians who treat women who are caught in the web of on-line sex.
Growth analysis in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) as influenced byFoliar nutrition

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2013 to Study “Foliar nutrition in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)’’at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad under rainfed situation. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications and ten foliar treatments of major nutrients. The growth attributes such as plant height (23.94 cm), number of branches (7.82 plant-1), chlorophyll content (43.58), leaf area (8.90 dm2 plant-1), leaf area index (2.97), leaf area duration (40.69 days), total dry matter production (40.22 g plant-1), net assimilation rate (0.136 g dm-2day-1) and crop growth rate (0.124g dm-2 day-1) were higher in foliar spray of 2.0% urea + DAP + MOP combination (T8). Similarly, pod yield (3746 kg ha-1), kernel yield (2905 kg ha-1), haulm yield (4253 kg ha-1) and harvest index (0.36) were higher in foliar spray of 2.0% urea + DAP + MOP combinationat 45 DAS followed by foliar spray of 19:19:19 N:P2O5:K2O compared to control (No spray).
Fatty acid profile of pork from a local and a commercial breed

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of breed on the fatty acid compositions of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) of gilts and barrows. Although only one muscle was analyzed, the results gave a good indication of the effect that breed and sex may have on the fatty acid compositions of the meat. Breed exhibited a significant effect on the fatty acid composition of pigs, whereas the effects of sex were found to be minor. Higher contents of intramuscular fat (IMF), C16 : 1, C18 : 1 and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs); darker color of meat; and lower cholesterol content, drip loss, C18 : 0, C18 : 2, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-6 and n-6 : n-3 ratios were found in the LTL muscle of Pulawska pigs compared with Polish Landrace pigs. Meat of Pulawska pigs is especially suitable for the production of good-quality, cured and smoked loin for longer storage. Fat content was higher in barrows than in gilts, and as a consequence the IMF from barrows had higher saturated fatty acid proportions and hypercholesterolemic acids (OFAs) as well as lower C18 : 1 than that from gilts.
Domains of reciprocity beyond monetary compensation: How do non-pecuniary factors affect effort and shirking?

Abstract This empirical study examines how sources of reciprocity are related to work motivation by distinguishing positive and negative work attitudes in practical working environments. We move away from the unidimensional perspective of monetary compensation and investigate employees’ reciprocal behaviors, together with non-pecuniary aspects of work relations such as human relationships and company management. The results show that positive reciprocity, represented by effort, is fundamentally distinct from negative reciprocity, represented by shirking, when examining the multi-dimensional sources of reciprocity. Additionally, our analyses reveal that non-pecuniary factors in the working environment have a relatively large degree of association with work motivation, even when compared to monetary compensation. Our results complement those from controlled laboratory experiments.
A simulation of a large-scale drifting snowstorm in the turbulent boundary layer

Abstract. Drifting snowstorms are an important aeolian process that reshape alpine glaciers and polar ice shelves, and they may also affect the climate system and hydrological cycle since flying snow particles exchange considerable mass and energy with air flow. Prior studies have rarely considered full-scale drifting snowstorms in the turbulent boundary layer; thus, the transportation feature of snow flow higher in the air and its contribution are largely unknown. In this study, a large-eddy simulation is combined with a subgrid-scale velocity model to simulate the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer, and a Lagrangian particle tracking method is adopted to track the trajectories of snow particles. A drifting snowstorm that is hundreds of meters in depth and exhibits obvious spatial structures is produced. The snow transport flux profile at high altitude, previously not observed, is quite different from that near the surface; thus, the extrapolated transport flux profile may largely underestimate the total transport flux. At the same time, the development of a drifting snowstorm involves three typical stages, rapid growth, gentle growth, and equilibrium, in which large-scale updrafts and subgrid-scale fluctuating velocities basically dominate the first and second stages, respectively. This research provides an effective way to gain an insight into natural drifting snowstorms.
Finansal Analizde Kullanılan Oranlar ve Firma Değeri İlişkisi: İMKB’de Bir Uygulama

Bu arastirmada finansal oranlar ile firma degeri arasinda iliski olup olmadigi ve bu oranlar vasitasiyla likidite durumunun, mali yapinin, varliklarin etkin kullaniminin, kârliligin, borsa performansinin firma degeri uzerindeki etkisi panel veri analizi yontemi kullanilmak suretiyle incelenmistir. Firma degeri olarak IMKB’de de islem goren firmalarin piyasa degerleri alinmistir. Calismada elde edilen bulgulara gore veri setine dâhil orandan 16 tanesi ile firma degeri arasinda istatistiki olarak anlamli bir iliski saptanmistir. Geri kalan 5 oran ile firma degeri arasindaki iliskiyi belirleyecek katsayilar ise anlamsiz cikmistir. Buna bagli olarak firmanin likidite durumunun, mali yapisinin ve borsa performansinin firma degeri uzerindeetkisi oldukca fazladir. Buna karsilik faaliyet oranlari ve kârlilik oranlarinin bir kismi ile firma degeri arasinda anlamli bir iliskiye rastlanmamistir. Sonuc itibariyle oran analizi verilerinin buyuk bir kismi ile firma degeri arasinda bir iliskinin var oldugu gozlenmistir.
Language of instruction and its effect on the performance of accounting students

Aspiring CA (SA)’s have to pass two professional exams in order to register as a member with SAICA and become a CA (SA). These exams are available in Afrikaans and English. Subsequently, some South African universities offer Accounting programmes in one of these languages. Afrikaans students are faced with the choice of receiving instruction in their home language or in English – the language of the business world. The objective of this study was to investigate language of instruction and its effect on performance for Afrikaans Accounting students. Afrikaans students who receive instruction in English were compared to their counterparts, who receive instruction in their home language. Questionnaires were distributed to obtain students’ school and university results, and to gather opinions on matters affecting the decision about language of instruction. It was found that, among Afrikaans students, home-language instruction leads to marginally better mid-year results at tertiary level.
SORTING WITH MOTIVATED AGENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL COMPETITION AND TEACHER INCENTIVES

This paper proposes a simple framework to study incentives and matching in the market for teachers. The framework is used to investigate the consequences of introducing incentive pay for teachers when contracts have both a matching and an incentive effect. Our analysis suggests that school competition and teacher incentives cannot be studied in isolation from one another. (JEL: D73, I20, J45, L31)
Winds of change : reionization by starburst galaxies.

We investigate the properties of the galaxies that reionized the Universe and the history of cosmic reionization using the "Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their environments" (EAGLE) cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We obtain the evolution of the escape fraction of ionizing photons in galaxies assuming that galactic winds create channels through which 20~percent of photons escape when the local surface density of star formation is greater than $0.1$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$. Such threshold behaviour for the generation of winds is observed, and the rare local objects which have such high star formation surface densities exhibit high escape fractions of $\sim 10$ percent. In our model the luminosity-weighted mean escape fraction increases with redshift as $\bar f_{\rm esc}=0.045~((1+z)/4)^{1.1}$ at $z>3$, and the galaxy number weighted mean as $\langle f_{\rm esc} \rangle=2.2\times10^{-3}~((1+z)/4)^4$, and becomes constant $\approx0.2$ at redshift $z>10$. The escape fraction evolves as an increasingly large fraction of stars forms above the critical surface density of star formation at earlier times. This evolution of the escape fraction, combined with that of the star formation rate density from EAGLE, reproduces the inferred evolution of the filling factor of ionized regions during the reionization epoch ($6<z<8$), the evolution of the post-reionization ($0\leq z<6$) hydrogen photoionisation rate, and the optical depth due to Thomson scattering of the cosmic microwave background photons measured by the Planck satellite.
Collateral Damaged? Priority Structure, Credit Supply, and Firm Performance

In this paper, we investigate the economy-wide effects of the collateral channel by exploiting: (i) a legal reform in Sweden in 2004 that reduced collateral values, and (ii) a dataset that covers all incorporated firms in Sweden over the period 2000-2006. We find that the loss in collateral value reduces both the amount and the maturity of firm debt and leads firms to contract investment, employment, and assets. The legal reform may distort investment and asset allocation decisions, as firms that reduce their holdings of assets with low collaterizable value and firms that hold more liquid assets consequently become less productive and innovative. Our results therefore document the potency of a collateral channel outside of a crisis. JEL Classification: D22, G31, G32
Mating strategies and aggressive combat in wingless neotropical fig wasp males

The aim of this work was to study the wingless male s of pollinating (Pegoscapus tonduzi) and two nonpo llinating fig wasp species, genus Idarnes, associated with figs (citrifolia) in Brazil to answer the following questions: 1) Do wingless males of Idarnes spp. and P. tonduzi sh ow different male-male competition strategies? ; and , 2) Do the injury within-species variables correlate with fig/ population features? Consistently higher injury lev els were observed in the two species of Idarnes than in the pollinator species. The results suggested that aggr essive confrontations were involved in the mating strategi es of Idarnes, whereas non-aggressive strategies we re shown by males of P. tonduzi. Generally, injury variables in Idarnes spp. correlated positively with the male e ncounter rate and negatively with the fig size, thus supporting t he contest competition theory. The results pointed out that different species under similar local conditions might follow distinct evolutionary histories. Within species, n atural-history particularities might have some influence upon quan tified injury levels in wingless males.
Facies analysis and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Oligocene Attard Member (Lower Coralline Limestone Formation), Malta

The Oligocene represents a key interval during which coralline algae became dominant on carbonate ramps and luxuriant coral reefs emerged on a global scale. So far, few studies have considered the impact that these early reefs had on ramp development. Consequently, this study aimed at presenting a high‐resolution analysis of the Attard Member of the Lower Coralline Limestone Formation (Late Oligocene, Malta) in order to decipher the internal and external factors controlling the architecture of a typical Late Oligocene platform. Excellent exposures of the Lower Coralline Limestone Formation occurring along continuous outcrops adjacent to the Victoria Lines Fault reveal in detail the three‐dimensional distribution of the reef‐associated facies. A total of four sedimentary facies have been recognized and are grouped into two depositional environments that correspond to the inner and middle carbonate ramp. The inner ramp was characterized by a very high‐energy, shallow‐water setting, influenced by tide and wave processes. This setting passed downslope into an inner‐ramp depositional environment which was colonized by seagrass and interfingered with adjacent areas containing scattered corals. The middle ramp lithofacies were deposited in the oligophotic zone, the sediments being generated from combined in situ production and sediments swept from the shallower inner ramp by currents. Compositional characteristics and facies distributions of the Attard ramp are more similar to the Miocene ramps than to those of the Eocene. An important factor controlling this similarity may be the expansion of the seagrass colonization within the euphotic zone. This expansion may have commenced in the Late Oligocene and was associated with a concomitant reduction in the aerial extent of the larger benthonic foraminifera facies. Stacking‐pattern analysis shows that the depositional units (parasequences) at the study section are arranged into transgressive–regressive facies cycles. This cyclicity is superimposed on the overall regressive phase recorded by the Attard succession. Furthermore, a minor highstand (correlated with the Ru4/Ch1 sequence) and subsequent minor lowstand (Ch2 sequence) have been recognized. The biota assemblages of the Attard Member suggest that carbonate sedimentation took place in subtropical waters and oligotrophic to slightly mesotrophic conditions. The apparent low capacity of corals to form wave‐resistant reef structures is considered to have been a significant factor affecting substrate stability at this time. The resulting lack of resistant mid‐ramp reef frameworks left this zone exposed to wave and storm activity, thereby encouraging the widespread development of coralline algal associations dominated by rhodoliths.
HERO IMMIGRANTS ’ ACCULTURATION AND CHANGES IN BODY MASS INDEX

We study Body Mass Index (BMI) changes among immigrants from Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Turkey, and Vietnam relative to native Norwegians in Oslo. We test a symmetric convergence hypothesis: irrespective of whether an immigrant’s initial BMI is lower or higher than a native Norwegian, acculturation should make the difference in BMI between an immigrant and a native smaller. Convergence is driven by acculturation, which is measured by immigrants’ language skills. Our data come from two surveys in Oslo 2000-2002. Weights and heights were measured at the surveys; participants were asked to recall weights when they were 25 years old. Norwegian language skills and various socio-economic data were collected. We use multivariate regression analysis. Our findings broadly support the symmetric convergence hypothesis. Proficiency in the Norwegian language tends to make immigrants’ BMI, particularly among females, more equal to native Norwegians. Immigrants’ time of residency has been found to have no impact on changes in BMI.
Post-fossilization processes and their implications for understanding Ediacaran macrofossil assemblages

Abstract Fossil assemblages from Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula preserve diverse examples of the enigmatic Ediacaran macrobiota, offering some of the earliest evidence for large and complex multicellular life. These fossils are exposed on extensive coastal bedding planes in extraordinary abundances, permitting palaeoecological studies based on census data from spatially extensive palaeocommunities. Such studies have been used to constrain the reproductive strategy and phylogenetic placement of Ediacaran organisms. Geological mapping and stratigraphic correlation in the Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve reveal that some fossil-bearing surfaces can be tracked over distances of several kilometres. These laterally extensive surfaces reveal that the modern processes by which the sediment overlying a fossil surface is removed may impose important controls on the observed composition of fossil assemblages. Weathering and erosion – along with factors associated with tectonics, metamorphism and discovery – are here grouped as ‘post-fossilization processes’ and introduce biases that are often not explicitly accounted for in palaeoecological studies. Specifically, post-fossilization processes may differentially influence the preservational fidelity of individual specimens on a given surface and generate features that could be mistaken for original morphological characters. We therefore recommend that post-fossilization processes must be considered when undertaking palaeoecological studies in Ediacaran successions in Newfoundland and, potentially, elsewhere.
Thermodynamic Properties of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf): Vapor Pressure and p–ρ–T Measurements and an Equation of State

The p–ρ–T behavior of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) was measured from T = (232 to 400) K with pressures up to 10 MPa using a two-sinker densimeter. The measurements extend from low-density vapor to compressed-liquid states, and include the extended critical region. Vapor pressures from T = (250 to 366) K were also measured. The expanded (k = 2) uncertainty in density is (56·10–6·ρ + 0.0014 kg·m–3) at near-ambient conditions, increasing to (99·10–6·ρ + 0.0014 kg·m–3) at T = 400 K and p = 10 MPa. The maximum uncertainties in temperature and pressure are 0.004 K and (51·10–6·p + 2.0 kPa), respectively. The analysis for density accounts for the force transmission error in the magnetic suspension coupling of the densimeter and includes corrections for vertical density gradients in the measuring cell. These data, together with other data from the literature, have been used to develop an equation of state explicit in the Helmholtz energy covering the fluid region from T = (220 to 410) K with pressures .
Identification and Ranking of Factors in Successful Implementation of Knowledge Management in Eghtesad Novin Bank: an Ahp Approach

Many organizations focus on knowledge management and make huge investments in information technology. The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the driving factors in successful implementation of knowledge management in EghtesadNovin (EN) Bank of Iran using the AHP technique. 128 employees of the EN Bank participated in the study. Data were collectedusing a researcher-made questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.873. AHP was used in Expert Choice to rank knowledge management success factors. The results indicated that strategy, senior management support, human resource management, organizational infrastructure, culture, incentives, administrative processes, and employee involvement were respectively the most important factors in successful implementation of knowledge management in EN Bank.