Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morale of mental health professionals in Community Mental Health Services of a Northern Italian Province

Summary Aims — To explore morale of psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses working in Community Mental Health Centres (CMHC) in an Italian Province, and identify influential factors. Methods — Thirty psychiatrists and 30 nurses working in CMHCs in Modena completed questionnaires on burnout, team identity and job satisfaction. They also answered open questions about different aspects of their work. Answers were subjected to content analysis. Regression analyses were used to identify factors that predicted morale across groups. Results — Psychiatrists had higher scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. There were no significant differences between the two groups in job satisfaction and job or role perception. Professionals reported positive relationships with patients as the most enjoyable aspects of their job, whilst team conflicts and high workloads were seen as most difficult to cope with. Multivariate analyses showed that being a psychiatrist and perceiving team conflicts as a main cause of pressure in the job predicted higher burnout. Conclusions — Simple open questions coupled with quantitative measures appear a promising tool to investigate morale of mental health professionals and identify factors determining morale. Research, training and service development should focus on relationship aspects both with patients and within teams to reduce burnout in CMHCs. Declaration of Interest G.M. G. was employed by Modena local mental health service, but did not work in CMHCs. No other conflict of interest.
Who Do You Care About? Scientists’ Personality Traits and Perceived Impact on Beneficiaries

We investigate the roots of scientists' perceptions of the impact of their work by examining stable psychological characteristics such as personality traits. An analysis of personality traits highlights the effects of policies related to gender equality, allocation of research time and skills acquisition. It improves our understanding of the conflicts related to scientists&#8217; perceptions of the impact of their research on beneficiaries. For example, conscientiousness increases the perceived impact on clinical beneficiaries, but reduces the perceived impact on industrial beneficiaries. Organizational scientific freedom increases the effects of personality traits on perceived impact on beneficiaries such that scientists affiliated to a university are less likely than colleagues working in other research settings to perceive the simultaneous impact of their work on both industrial and clinical beneficiaries.
Evaluating the behavior of successive approximation algorithms under soft errors

This work presents a comparative analysis of successive approximation algorithms with ordinary algorithms under fault injection. Successive approximation algorithms are implemented as a computation loop that approaches the final result for each loop execution. Because of that, we expect that they will present a natural fault tolerance, given that a fault in a given point of the execution may be masked in the next computation loops. This work will evaluate their behavior under simulated fault injection, and executing bare metal and on top of FreeRTOS and Linux operating systems. Results show that successive approximation algorithms presents less silent data corruption errors than most ordinary algorithms, while maintaining the same occurrence of hang errors.
Ablative therapies for colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review

Aim The standard treatment for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is surgical resection. Only 20–30% of patients are deemed suitable for surgery. Recently, much attention has focused on ablative therapies either to treat unresectable CRLM or to extend the margins of resectability. This review aims to assess the long‐term outcome and complication rates of various ablative therapies used in the management of CRLM.
Improving Small-Signal Stability of an MMC With CCSC by Control of the Internally Stored Energy

The dc-side dynamics of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) can be prone to poorly damped oscillations or stability problems when the second-harmonic components of the arm currents are mitigated by a circulating current suppression controller (CCSC). This paper demonstrates that the source of these oscillations is the uncontrolled interaction of the dc-side current and the internally stored energy of the MMC, as resulting from the CCSC. Stable operation and improved performance of the MMC control system can be ensured by introducing the closed-loop control of the energy and the dc-side current. The presented analysis relies on a detailed state-space model of the MMC, which is formulated to obtain constant variables in steady state. The resulting state-space equations can be linearized to achieve a linear time invariant model, allowing for eigenvalue analysis of the small-signal dynamics of the MMC. Participation factor analysis is utilized to identify the source of the poorly damped dc-side oscillations, and indicates the suitability of introducing control of the internal capacitor voltage or the corresponding stored energy. An MMC connected to a dc power source with an equivalent capacitance, and operated with dc voltage droop in the active power flow control, is used as an example for the presented analysis. The developed small-signal models and the improvement in small-signal dynamics achieved by introducing control of the internally stored energy are verified by time-domain simulations in comparison to an electro-magnetic transient (EMT) simulation model of an MMC with 400 submodules per arm.
Laterality of pain in migraine with comorbid unipolar depressive and bipolar II disorders.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study has been to examine differences in the laterality of pain in patients with migraine and comorbid unipolar depressive (UP) and bipolar II (BP II) disorders. METHODS Semi-structured interviews of 102 patients with major affective disorders were conducted, using DSM-IV criteria for affective disorders combined with Akiskal's criteria for affective temperaments and International Headache Society criteria for migraine. The group of patients reported on in the present study encompass 47 subjects with UP (n = 24) or BP 11 (n = 23) disorders. Fifteen of the bipolar II patients fulfilled DSM-IV criteria while eight were diagnosed according to the broader criteria of Akiskal. RESULTS Sixteen of the 38 patients with migraine headaches had bilateral pain or pain equally often on the left or right side while 22 had pain predominantly located on one side. Among the UP patients the pain was most often on the right side (8/10) while among the BP II patients the pain was most often on the left (9/12, p = 0.01). Apart from the presence of hypomanic symptoms in the BP II group there were no clinical or demographic characteristics that distinguished these two sub-groups of affective disorders. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that there may be a differential affection of the cerebral hemispheres in patients with migraine and comorbid unipolar depressive disorder versus patients with migraine and comorbid bipolar II disorder.
Contemporary students’ approaches to learning: a case study of the relationship between assessment and approaches to learning of education students at two English universities.

This research explores the approaches to learning of contemporary students at two northern English universities through a qualitative case study using data collected from individual semi-structured interviews with twenty undergraduates studying in the field of educational studies. The research found that although students were unaware of the terms ‘surface’ and ‘deep’ approaches to learning they recognized differences between the two. They valued personal understanding, with their general intention being to use a deep approach, that is, an intention to understand for themselves what they are studying. Students’ general approach to learning did not change as they progressed through a degree programme, yet engagement with assessment feedback, study practices and use of learning outcomes typically did. Students’ perception of assessment requirements was confirmed as being the key determinant of their approach to learning. Despite a desire to understand what they learn, contemporary students are instrumental in their approaches to learning and study practices, and where assessment does not count toward their degree classification are less likely to use a deep approach. An original contribution to knowledge is the finding that instrumentalism combines with students’ interest in, and enjoyment of, the topic studied. These are crucially important factors in their approaches to learning, and students preface the term ‘understanding’ with certain authoritative adjectives. In the light of these findings the thesis offers recommendations for improving practice to better encourage a deep approach to learning.
Wounding words: swearing and verbal aggression in an inpatient setting.

PURPOSE The aim of the research was to investigate swearing and verbal aggression in Australian inpatient settings, including incidence, gender, patient motivation, and nursing interventions. DESIGN AND METHODS A mixed methods approach utilizing the Overt Aggression Scale and a survey of 107 nurses' perceptions of their experience of swearing was used. FINDINGS High levels of swearing and verbal aggression were found, with differing patterns for male and female patients. Nurses subjected to swearing experienced high levels of distress, especially females. All nurses appeared to use a limited range of interventions to deal with patient aggression. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS In order to provide optimal care for patients, there is a clear need to improve nurses' ability to predict and prevent aggression.
Adaptation, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale in Nigeria (PANES-N).

BACKGROUND This study adapted the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES) to the Nigerian context and assessed the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Nigerian version (PANESN). METHODS A multidisciplinary panel of experts adapted the original PANES to reflect the built and social environment of Nigeria. The adapted PANES was subjected to cognitive testing and test retest reliability in a diverse sample of Nigerian adults (N = 132) from different neighborhood types. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) was used to assess test-retest reliability, and construct validity was investigated with Analysis of Covariance for differences in environmental attributes between neighborhoods. RESULTS Four of the 17 items on the original PANES were significantly modified, 3 were removed and 2 new items were incorporated into the final version of adapted PANES-N. Test-retest reliability was substantial to almost perfect (ICC = 0.62-1.00) for all items on the PANES-N, and residents of neighborhoods in the inner city reported higher residential density, land use mix and safety, but lower pedestrian facilities and aesthetics than did residents of government reserved area/new layout neighborhoods. CONCLUSION The PANES-N appears promising for assessing environmental perceptions related to physical activity in Nigeria, but further testing is required to assess its applicability across Africa.
Endocarditis Is a Common Stroke Mechanism in Hemodialysis Patients

Background and Purpose— Hemodialysis patients are at high risk for ischemic stroke, and previous studies have noted a high rate of cardioembolism in this population. The aim of this study was to determine ischemic stroke causes among hemodialysis patients and elucidate specific cardioembolic stroke mechanisms. Methods— This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study of hemodialysis patients admitted with acute stroke to the University of Pennsylvania Health System between 2003 and 2010. Strokes were classified using modified Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria as large vessel, cardioembolism, small vessel, atypical, multiple causes, or cryptogenic. Cardioembolic strokes were further characterized for specific mechanism. Results— We identified 52 patients hospitalized with acute stroke while receiving hemodialysis. Mean age was 64±13 years, 56% were female, and 67% were black. Stroke subtypes included 3 (6%) large vessel, 20 (38%) cardioembolism, 6 (11%) small vessel, 3 (6%) other, 4 (8%) with multiple causes, and 16 (31%) were unknown. Among patients who had an echocardiogram performed, 5 of 52 (10%; 95% confidence interval, 1%–18%) had a patent foramen ovale. Cardioembolic stroke mechanisms included 6 with infective endocarditis (accounting for 12% of all strokes). Conclusions— Cardioembolism and cryptogenic stroke are the predominant stroke mechanisms among hemodialysis patients. Infective endocarditis was identified frequently relative to other stroke cohorts, and a raised index of suspicion is warranted in the hemodialysis population.
Cannabis use disorders in the USA: prevalence, correlates and co-morbidity

Background. The purpose of this study was to present 12-month and lifetime estimates of the prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and psychiatric co-morbidity of DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence. Method. Data were derived from a large nationally representative survey (n=43093) of US adults. Results. The prevalence of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV cannabis abuse (1·1% and 7·2%) exceeded the corresponding rates of cannabis dependence (0·3% and 1·3%). Being male, Native American, widowed/separated/divorced, and residing in the West increased the odds whereas being Black, Asian or Hispanic decreased the odds of cannabis abuse and dependence. Cannabis dependence was significantly associated with low income. Ages of onset for both cannabis use disorders occurred in adolescence and the majority of individuals with these disorders remained untreated. Co-morbidity was high between cannabis use disorders and other Axis I and II disorders. Conclusions. Cannabis use disorders continue to present a widespread and serious personal and public health problem. Native Americans were found to have high rates of cannabis use disorders, warranting closer attention to the mental health needs of this subgroup. Associations between cannabis abuse and dependence and Axis I and II disorders were strong, signaling the need for more comprehensive assessment of individuals with cannabis use disorders. Further controlled treatment studies are needed, especially among co-morbid individuals, in view of growing evidence of the adverse personal, medical and societal impacts of cannabis use disorders in the USA.
Information Diffusion with Content Crossover in Online Social Media: An Empirical Analysis of the Social Transmission Process in Twitter

Social media has attracted attention as an information channel for content generated in heterogeneous Internet services. Focusing on social media platforms, we examine the factors behind social transmission with content crossover from other services through hypertext link (URL). We investigate the effects of source influence and peer referrals on diffusion outcome and address their variations in the case of content crossover. Using 3,504,831 diffusion processes identified from real transaction data in Twitter, we demonstrate the existence of source and peer effects on content diffusion. These effects vary when shared content is linked with an external service by a URL. Source influence and peer referral have a positive impact on cascade size in the content dissemination process. In the case of content crossover, the impact of source influence decreases. However, the impact of peer referrals increases in the process of external content dissemination. Implications for researchers and managers are discussed.
Timing of the inhibitory effect of fruit on return bloom of 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck).

BACKGROUND In Citrus the inhibitory effect of fruit on flower formation is the main cause of alternate bearing. Although there are some studies reporting the effect on flowering of the time of fruit removal in a well-defined stage of fruit development, few have investigated the effect throughout the entire fruit growth stage from early fruitlet growth to fruit maturity. The objective of this study was to determine the phenological fruit developmental stage at which the fruit begins its inhibitory effect on flowering in sweet orange by manual removal of fruits, and the role of carbohydrates and nitrogen in the process. RESULTS Fruit exerted its inhibitory effect from the time it was close to reaching its maximum weight, namely 90% of its final size (November) in the present experiments, to bud sprouting (April). The reduction in flowering paralleled the reduction in bud sprouting. This reduction was due to a decrease in the number of generative sprouted buds, whereas mixed-typed shoots were largely independent of the time of fruit removal, and vegetative shoots increased in frequency. The number of leaves and/or flowers per sprouted shoot was not significantly modified by fruit load. CONCLUSION In 'Valencia' sweet orange, fruit inhibits flowering from the time it completes its growth. Neither soluble sugar content nor starch accumulation in leaves due to fruit removal was related to flowering intensity, but some kind of imbalance in nitrogen metabolism was observed in trees tending to flower scarcely.
CCN3 increases BMP‐4 expression and bone mineralization in osteoblasts

The nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) gene, also called CCN3, regulates differentiation of skeletal mesenchymal cells. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, but the effects of CCN3 on BMP expression and bone formation in cultured osteoblasts are largely unknown. Here we found that CCN3 increased BMP‐4 expression and bone nodule formation in cultured osteoblast. Monoclonal antibodies for α5β1 and αvβ5 integrins, and inhibitors of integrin‐linked kinase (ILK), p38, and JNK, all inhibited CCN3‐induced bone nodule formation and BMP‐4 up‐regulation of osteoblasts. CCN3 stimulation increased the kinase activity of ILK and phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. Inhibitors of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) also suppressed bone nodule formation and BMP‐4 expression enhanced by CCN3. Moreover, CCN3‐induced c‐Jun translocation into the nucleus, and the binding of c‐Jun to the AP‐1 element on the BMP‐4 promoter were both inhibited by specific inhibitors of the ILK, p38, and JNK cascades. Taken together, our results provide evidence that CCN3 enhances BMP‐4 expression and bone nodule formation in osteoblasts, and that the integrin receptor, ILK, p38, JNK, and AP‐1 signaling pathways may be involved. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2531–2541, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lack of improvement of clinical outcomes by a low-cost, hospital-based heart failure management programme

Objective Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem resulting in a high financial burden for the healthcare system. Many previous HF management programmes reduced adverse clinical outcomes and costs, but they usually involved several professional figures as well as huge investments, requiring resources and budgets not often available in our healthcare system. We evaluated the effects of our HF management programme, which included patient education and regular outpatient contact with the HF team, on re-hospitalisation and death, optimising the few resources already available at our hospital. Methods Two hundred consecutive patients admitted to the internal medicine department with a diagnosis of HF were randomised to the intervention group (nurse-led education programme, facilitated telephone communication and follow-up visits with an internist at 15 days, 1 and 6 months) or to the usual care group (follow-up by their primary care physician). The primary endpoints were all-cause readmissions and all-cause deaths during the 6-month post-discharge period. Results There were 81 all-cause hospital readmissions in the intervention group and 82 in the control group (P = NS). Fourteen patients (14%) in the intervention group and eight patients (8%) in the control group died during the study period (P = NS). Unplanned outpatient visits were less frequent in the intervention group than in the control group (39 [28%] versus 99 [72%], P < 0.001). Conclusions The present low-cost HF management programme reduced unplanned outpatient visits but proved ineffective in reducing subsequent readmissions and in improving clinical status. More intense follow-up monitoring and more resources are needed to achieve better results.
Anxiety Sensitivity and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Side Effects: Examining the Role of Emotion Dysregulation Among Treatment-Seeking Smokers.

OBJECTIVE Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) significantly increases the likelihood of quit success at least over the short term, yet some smokers prematurely discontinue use. NRT side effects are often cited as the primary reason for medication discontinuation. The current study examined a theoretical pathway by which two smoking-related emotional vulnerabilities (anxiety sensitivity and emotion dysregulation) were related to the number of NRT (nicotine patch) side effects reported 1 week following a scheduled quit attempt. It was hypothesized that anxiety sensitivity would have an indirect effect on NRT side effects through emotion dysregulation. METHOD A total of 179 treatment-seeking, adult daily smokers with elevated anxiety sensitivity (47.5% male; M age = 39.73 years, SD = 13.87) were enrolled in a smoking cessation trial. RESULTS Covariate-adjusted analyses provided support for the hypothesized pathway, such that emotion dysregulation explained the association between anxiety sensitivity and NRT side effects (b = 0.02, SE = 0.01, 95% CI [0.002, 0.03]; completely standardized estimate = .15). CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the importance of developing cessation treatments that incorporate techniques to enhance emotion regulation, particularly among smokers higher in anxiety sensitivity, to decrease the risk of NRT side effects.
Bullying Behaviors and Victimization Experiences Among Adolescent Students: The Role of Resilience

ABSTRACT The role of resilience in the relationship between bullying behaviors, victimization experiences, and self-efficacy was examined. Participants were 393 (191 young men, 202 young women) adolescents (M age = 15.88 years, SD = 0.64 years) from schools in Coimbatore, India, who completed scales to assess bullying behaviors and victimization experiences, resilience, and self-efficacy. Multigroup structural equation modeling, with separate groups created according to participant gender, revealed that resilience mediated the relationship between bullying behaviors and self-efficacy in young men. Young men engaged in bullying behaviors and experienced victimization more frequently than young women. The findings of the study have implication for designing intervention programs to enhance resilience among adolescents and young adults to enable them to manage bullying behaviors.