Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Feedback and Skilled Keying: Differential Effects of Masking the Printed Copy and the Keyboard.

The results of three experiments are reported. They were designed to substantiate the importance for skilled keying behaviour of information derived from the printed copy and the keyboard. Experiment 1 showed that consulting the copy and the keyboard during transcription constituted part of normal keying activity and that the frequency of consultation was a function of the specific demands of the task.Experiment 2, with no requirement to correct errors, and Experiment 3, with a requirement to correct errors, involved the independent masking of the copy and the keyboard as well as on unmasked control condition. Both experiments showed that an adverse effect on performance, as measured by speed and accuracy, occurred only in the keyboard masked condition. Experiment 3 revealed an additional adverse effect on performance, as measured by the reduced percentage of errors corrected, which occurred only in the copy masked condition. It was concluded that the keyboard provides ' guidance ' information, permitting the appropriate co-ordination of fingers and keys and the location of unfamiliar keys by sight, and the printed copy provides ' feedback ' information concerning the commission of errors. It is argued that the results resolve a contradiction reported in previous research and suggest that visual feedback has a continuing role even in highly practised skills, such as keying.
Effect of glycemic status on lung function tests in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder precipitating micro vascular, macro vascular complications and peripheral vascular diseases. Pulmonary complications of diabetes mellitus have been poorly characterized. Although some authors have reported normal pulmonary function, others found abnormalities in lung volumes, pulmonary mechanics, and diffusing capacity. Glycemic status have shown varied impact on lung functions. Objective: To measure lung volumes of type 2 diabetic patients and correlate with their glycemic status. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out among 30 type 2 diabetic patients and 30 age and sex matched non-diabetic controls in the Department of Physiology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal. Spirometric recordings were estimated by using Computerized Spirometer-HELIOS 701. Blood glucose level was determined by glucose oxidase method and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was estimated by using Glycohemoglobin HbA1-Test kit; Fast Ion-Exchange Resin Separation Method. Data was analyzed using Student's 't' test and Pearson correlation. Results: The pulmonary functions forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in one second (FEV 1 ), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF) 25-75% were decreased while FEV 1 /FVC was increased in the cases as compared to the controls. Lung functions exhibited rough negative correlation with post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) and HbA1c. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated modest albeit statistically significant impaired lung functions in restrictive pattern. The significant negative correlation between PPBS and FVC was seen. On correlating with HbA1c a significant negative correlation is seen with FVC and FEV 1 , suggesting that there is a definite association between the glycemic status and decreased lung function, but the exact pathophysiological mechanism to explain this association requires further research.
Systems-based accident analysis in the led outdoor activity domain: application and evaluation of a risk management framework

Safety-compromising accidents occur regularly in the led outdoor activity domain. Formal accident analysis is an accepted means of understanding such events and improving safety. Despite this, there remains no universally accepted framework for collecting and analysing accident data in the led outdoor activity domain. This article presents an application of Rasmussen's risk management framework to the analysis of the Lyme Bay sea canoeing incident. This involved the development of an Accimap, the outputs of which were used to evaluate seven predictions made by the framework. The Accimap output was also compared to an analysis using an existing model from the led outdoor activity domain. In conclusion, the Accimap output was found to be more comprehensive and supported all seven of the risk management framework's predictions, suggesting that it shows promise as a theoretically underpinned approach for analysing, and learning from, accidents in the led outdoor activity domain. Statement of Relevance: Accidents represent a significant problem within the led outdoor activity domain. This article presents an evaluation of a risk management framework that can be used to understand such accidents and to inform the development of accident countermeasures and mitigation strategies for the led outdoor activity domain.
Effects of omalizumab on markers of inflammation in patients with allergic asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a key role by activating a variety of inflammatory cells through interactions with FcɛRI and FcɛRII receptors. The role of IgE in allergic inflammation provided the rationale for developing omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti‐IgE antibody, for patients with moderate‐to‐severe or severe allergic asthma. The reductions in circulating levels of IgE resulting from omalizumab treatment leads to reductions in FcɛRI expression on mast cells, basophils and dendritic cells. This combined effect results in attenuation of several markers of inflammation, including peripheral and bronchial tissue eosinophilia and levels of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13. By blocking IgE binding to its receptors and diminishing dendritic cell FcɛRI receptor expression, omalizumab may also reduce allergen presentation to T cells and the production of Th2 cytokines. The anti‐inflammatory effects of omalizumab may, therefore, explain the reductions in asthma exacerbations and symptoms seen in clinical trials in patients with moderate‐to‐severe or severe, persistent, inadequately controlled allergic asthma.
Adulthood asthma after wheezing in infancy: a questionnaire study at 27 years of age

To cite this article: Ruotsalainen M, Piippo‐Savolainen E, Hyvärinen MK, Korppi M. Adulthood asthma after wheezing in infancy: a questionnaire study at 27 years of age. Allergy 2010; 65: 503–509.
A kinetic comparison of back-loading and head-loading in Xhosa women

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetic responses associated with ground reaction force measurements to both head-loading and back-loading in a group of Xhosa women. Altogether, 16 women were divided into two groups based on their experience of head-loading. They walked over a force plate in three conditions: unloaded or carrying 20 kg in either a backpack or on their head. The most striking finding was that there was no difference in kinetic response to head-loading as a consequence of previous experience. Considering the differences between the load carriage methods, most changes were consistent with increasing load. Head-loading was, however, associated with a shorter contact time, smaller thrust maximum and greater vertical force minimum than back-loading. Both loading conditions differed from unloaded walking for a number of temporal variables associated with the ground contact phase, e.g. vertical impact peak was delayed whilst vertical thrust maximum occurred earlier. Statement of Relevance: Consideration of the kinetics of head and back load carriage in African women is important from a health and safety perspective, providing an understanding of the mechanical adaptations associated with both forms of load carriage for a group of people for whom such load carriage is a daily necessity.
Subjective perceptions and ergonomics evaluation of a liquid cooled garment worn under protective ensemble during an intermittent treadmill exercise

While a personal protective equipment (PPE) ensemble effectively provides workers with protection from occupational hazards, working in a vapour-resistant ensemble increases the risk of heat illness/injuries and physiological burdens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body cooling via a liquid-cooled garment (LCG) underneath a PPE ensemble on perceived thermal strain, physiological responses and ergonomics during an intermittent treadmill exercise in warm environmental conditions. The results of the present study indicated that the concomitant wearing of LCG underneath the PPE ensemble significantly reduced subjective perception of heat and alleviated overall increase in body temperature and heart rate while no impact of wearing LCG on ergonomic features was found. The extension of the present findings to practical applications in occupational settings requires further research on a LCG system design and performance evaluations while the LCG is incorporated within the PPE ensemble. Statement of Relevance: Implementation of a LCG underneath PPE for body cooling was investigated, focusing on its impact on individuals' perceived thermal strain, physiological responses and ergonomics. The findings of the present study indicated that body cooling via a wearable LCG underneath PPE significantly alleviated both perceived thermal and physiological strain in uncompensable heat stress condition.
Risk factors of new‐onset asthma in adults: a population‐based international cohort study

To cite this article: Antó JM, Sunyer J, Basagaña X, Garcia‐Esteban R, Cerveri I, de Marco R, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kogevinas M, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Svanes C, Wjst M, Gislason T, Burney P. Risk factors of new‐onset asthma in adults: a population‐based international cohort study. Allergy 2010; 65: 1021–1030
Anti‐inflammatory effects of seven years treatment with Omalizumab in severe uncontrolled asthmatics

enced a major reduction in pruritus and whealing during the first week after initiation of omalizumab (300 mg, s.c.). We continued treatment according to the asthma dosing scheme with 300 mg every 2 weeks. Complete protection from symptom development was achieved in week 4 after the first injection and confirmed by dermographometer testing as shown in Fig. 1. The reduction in symptoms was accompanied by a remarkable quality of life improvement and cessation of antihistamines and other medication. Although the drug was well tolerated and highly effective, anti-IgE therapy had to be stopped after 3 months because treatment extension for off-label use was denied by the patient’s health insurance. Four weeks after the last omalizumab injection, her symptoms recurred and reached a maximum of itching and whealing comparable to the clinical findings before anti-IgE therapy after 6 weeks. We have been trying to obtain permission from the health insurance to reinitiate treatment with omalizumab ever since. This is – to our knowledge – the first report of successful omalizumab treatment in a patient with urticaria factitia. The rapid and beneficial response to anti-IgE therapy, which was reversed shortly after the end of treatment, supports the role of IgE as a mediator of mast cell activation in urticaria factitia. However, the antigen responsible for IgE-mediated mast cell activation still remains to be identified. Clinical trials with larger patient numbers should be performed to further investigate the value of omalizumab in urticaria factitia and other forms of physical urticaria.
The purinergic receptor P2Y2 receptor mediates chemotaxis of dendritic cells and eosinophils in allergic lung inflammation

To cite this article: Müller T, Robaye B, Vieira RP, Ferrari D, Grimm M, Jakob T, Martin SF, Di Virgilio F, Boeynaems J‐M, Virchow JC, Idzko M. The purinergic receptor P2Y2 receptor mediates chemotaxis of dendritic cells and eosinophils in allergic lung inflammation. Allergy 2010; 65: 1545–1553.
The impact of on-road motion on BMS touch screen device operation

This study investigates the effect of vehicle motion on performance, usability and workload for a touch screen in-vehicle Battle Management System (BMS). Participants performed a series of battle management tasks while a vehicle was driven over sealed (characteristic of ‘normal’ vehicle motion) and unsealed (characteristic of ‘high’ vehicle motion) roads. The results indicate that unsealed road conditions impair the performance of information input tasks (tasks that require the user to enter information, e.g. text entry) but not information extraction tasks (tasks that require the user to retrieve information from the system, e.g. reading coordinates). Participants rated workload as higher and the system as less usable on the unsealed road. In closing, the implications for in-vehicle touch screen design and use in both military and civilian driving contexts are discussed. Practitioner Summary: The effect of motion on interacting with in-vehicle touch screen devices remains largely unexplored. This study examines the effect of different levels of vehicle motion on the use of a BMS. Using the system under off-road conditions had a detrimental impact on workload, performance and usability.
Risk factors for psychological morbidity in women attending a one-stop diagnostic clinic with suspected breast disease

Abstract The present study was designed to identify risk factors for psychological morbidity in women attending a one-stop diagnostic clinic with suspected breast disease. A cohort of 158 women were recruited and were asked to complete scales measuring psychological morbidity and psychosocial factors in the period immediately before their appointment and to repeat the assessments of psychological morbidity on the day of the appointment. Relevant clinical and demographic data were also collated. Within the cohort 1.4% of respondents received a diagnosis of malignant disease. Psychological morbidity, both prior to and during the diagnostic appointment was strongly predicted by psychosocial factors (i.e., acceptance-resignation coping, personal self esteem and discrepancies in social support), accounting for 54% and 63% of the variance at pre-appointment and appointment day phases respectively. Other measured variables were found not to be correlated with and/or to account for a significant proportion of the variance in the measures of morbidity. These results suggest that these psychosocial variables should be targeted in interventions designed to reduce psychological morbidity in this patient group.
Natural killer–dendritic cell interaction in lymphocyte responses in hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams

To cite this article: Chaves P, Torres MJ, Aranda A, Lopez S, Canto G, Blanca M, Mayorga C. Natural killer–dendritic cell interaction in lymphocyte responses in hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams. Allergy 2010; 65: 1600–1608.
Technologies in the wild (TiW): human factors implications for patient safety in the cardiovascular operating room

We describe different sources of hazards from cardiovascular operating room (CVOR) technologies, how hazards propagate in the CVOR and their impact on cognitive processes. Previous studies have examined hazards from poor design of a specific CVOR technology. However, the impact of different CVOR technologies functioning in context is not clearly understood. In addition, the impact of non-design hazards in technology devices is unclear. Our study identified hazards from organisational, physical/environmental elements, in addition to design of technology in a CVOR. We used observations, follow-up interviews and photographs. With qualitative analyses, we categorised the different hazard sources and their potential impact on cognitive processes. Patient safety can be built into technologies by incorporating user needs in design, decision-making and implementation of medical technologies. Practitioner summary: Effective design and implementation of technology in a safety-critical system requires prospective understanding of technology-related hazards. Our research fills this gap by studying different technologies in context of a CVOR using observations. Qualitative analyses identified different sources for technology-related hazards besides design, and their impact on cognitive processes.
Explorations of perceived qualities of on-body interactive products

Users' perceptions of new forms of products depend on various product qualities. As technology becomes increasingly mobile, carrying technology products on body is becoming more commonplace. As a result, these types of products hold different meanings and intentions for users than off-body products, which may lead to new interpretations. This paper investigates the relationship between the visual qualities of on-body interactive products and users' perceptions of those products. A brief literature review explores how technological developments have led to new modes of transporting products. This paper also examines the relative importance of changes in perceived qualities, technology acceptance and response to product appearance. Through user interviews, the authors explored the perceived qualities of conceptual designs for wearable phones, the meanings attached to these qualities and their relative importance. They present the results and follow with a discussion of the dimensions of product qualities and related characteristics that emerged. Practitioner summary: This study, investigating the perceived qualities of on-body interactive products and applying the repertory grid technique, determines what will lead users to avoid or approach these new technologies. It also presents a preliminary framework to help designers understand the perceived qualities of these products.
Pollen proteases compromise the airway epithelial barrier through degradation of transmembrane adhesion proteins and lung bioactive peptides

To cite this article: Vinhas R, Cortes L, Cardoso I, Mendes VM, Manadas B, Todo‐Bom A, Pires E, Veríssimo P. Pollen proteases compromise the airway epithelial barrier through degradation of transmembrane adhesion proteins and lung bioactive peptides. Allergy 2011; 66: 1088–1098.
Patients' Experiences and Perceptions of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in a Day Unit

Oral mucositis (OM) is a frequent and potentially severe complication of cancer chemotherapy. The aim of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to better understand patients' experiences and perceptions of chemotherapy-induced OM. Fifty-seven adult patients in a chemotherapy day unit who had completed at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy within the previous 12 months and who were receiving chemotherapy at the time of study completed the questionnaire (response rate, 86.3%). Results demonstrated that 75.4% of participants (N = 57) had experienced at least one episode of OM since their first chemotherapy. Dry lips were the most common symptom of OM (n = 20, 54.1% previously; n = 14, 73.7% currently). Ulcerated mucosa was regarded as the most significant problem caused by OM (n = 14, 87.5% previously; n = 8, 100% currently), whereas pain on swallowing was considered as the most distressing mucositis-related effect (n = 14, 87.5% previously; n = 4, 100% currently). The findings revealed a high incidence of chemotherapy-induced OM. Chemotherapy-related mouth problems were perceived as problematic and caused varying degrees of distress. A systematic oral assessment method can be used in future studies with a cohort of patients to further generalize the pattern of patients' experiences of OM.
The association between bacterial colonization and inflammatory pattern in Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps

To To cite this article: Ba L, Zhang N, Meng J, Zhang J, Lin P, Zhou P, Liu S, Bachert C. The association between bacterial colonization and inflammatory pattern in Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps. Allergy 2011; 66: 1296–1303.
Vitamin D Insufficiency and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors on Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy

Breast cancer survivors (BCSs) on aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy often experience musculoskeletal symptoms (joint pain and stiffness, bone and muscle pain, and muscle weakness), and these musculoskeletal symptoms may be related to low serum levels of vitamin D. The primary purpose of this pilot exploratory study was to determine whether serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration were below normal (<30 ng/mL) in 29 BCSs on AI therapy and if musculoskeletal symptoms were related to these low vitamin D levels. The mean (SD) serum 25(OH)D level was 25.62 (4.93) ng/mL; 86% (n = 25) had levels below 30 ng/mL. Patients reported muscle pain in the neck and back, and there was a significant inverse correlation between pain intensity and serum 25(OH)D levels (r = −0.422; P < .05 [2 tailed]). This sample of BCSs taking AIs had below normal levels of serum 25(OH)D despite vitamin D supplements. This is one of the few studies to document a significant relationship between vitamin D levels and muscle pain in BCSs on AI therapy. Findings from this pilot study can be used to inform future studies examining musculoskeletal symptoms in BCSs on AI therapy and relationships with low serum levels of vitamin D.
Occupational stress and employee turnover

Questionnaire data captured in January–March 2007 were examined in relation to turnover in males and females during the next five years. In general, most of the workplace stressors (such as role conflict or peer support) were not antecedents of turnover in any group. Junior personnel with psychological strain in 2007 had an increased risk of turnover in the next five years. Low commitment to the service in 2007 increased the odds of turnover in male and female juniors and in female officers. Female juniors with less effective skills for coping with stress and who exercised less frequently on a weekly basis were more likely to leave. An incidental finding was that the odds of turnover were three times greater in female officers with children than in female officers with no children. Stress management interventions focusing on effective coping and sports and exercise participation which are targeted appropriately may improve retention. Practitioner Summary: Much is known about the adverse effects of occupational stress on health and well-being. This study demonstrates a link between stress and employee turnover implying that stress management interventions may benefit employers, by reducing turnover.
Testing a New Disease-Specific Health Locus of Control Scale Among Cancer and Aplastic Anemia Patients

This study examined the psychometric properties of a disease-specific health locus of control scale developed by K. Wallston (1988). Participants in the study were individuals afflicted with either cancer or aplastic anemia Factor structure of a modified version of the scale appeared relatively stable across the two diseased samples. Comparisons were made with a general health locus of control measure. Although the association between the two measures seemed reasonably strong, further analysis demonstrated that the two measures tended to classify individuals differently according to control orientation.