Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Growth Represent Chimera or Bellerophon for a Family Business? The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Family Influence Nuances

Growth brings lifeblood to sustain longevity across generation, but also critical challenges for family business. Relying on the behavioral agency model and its assumptions on risk-bearing in family firms, we discuss and test the effect of family involvement in the top management team (TMT) on family business growth. We use an input-behavior-outcome framework based on the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. We also consider the moderating role of different ownership structures on the relationship between family involvement in the TMT on entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Results based on survey data collected by the STEP research consortium support the hypothesized negative effect of family involvement in the TMT on growth, fully mediated by EO. We also find that the presence of passive family members as majority shareholders and multigenerational involvement in ownership are important contingencies of the direct effect. Our evidence points to the fact that risk-bearing in family firms is not just dependent on the degree of family involvement in management, but also on the interests of different types of shareholders. We show that the at-times stylized negative traits of family firms are not universally valid, and that a comprehensive view of family influence over the business is needed to ascertain whether and to what extent these firms actually achieve growth.
The Effect of Labor-Demand Shocks on Women’s Participation in the Labor Force: Evidence from Palestine

Two interesting facts emerge from the Palestinian labor market. Educational attainment for women swiftly expanded during the 1999-2011 period, but the labor force-participation rate (LFPR) for educated women stagnated—and disproportionately so for young educated women. We investigated whether changes in labor demand contributed to women’s sluggish labor-force participation (LFP). Our empirical analysis used quarterly labor-force data published by Palestine Census Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) between 2005 and 2011. To explore the causal effect of labor demand, we employed a fixed-effects model using the instrumental-variable approach. We provide evidence that changes in demand for educated women workers affect their LFP, indicating that the negative demand shocks that young educated women have encountered in recent years may have contributed to their sluggish LFP. Interestingly, the decrease in the demand for educated women is not driven by job competition with similarly situated men. This research has important implications for policy regarding the economic empowerment of educated women in Palestine and suggests that enhanced labor demand for educated women is vital to boost their labor-force participation.
Identifying Elements of Gender References, Persuasive Techniques and Social Interaction Associated with Political Discourse: The Case of Hillary Clinton

Discourse is an important tool discussing social relations in the discursive patterns. A well-designed discourse can easily dominate people and can construct their perceptions. Therefore, discourse is critical in the political world when one uses it to communicate ideas and visions to the people. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the elements of gender references, persuasive techniques, and social interactions associated with political discourse of Hillary Clinton. The study has used the framework of conversation analysis for studying a total of three interviews and five debates of Hillary Clinton. The interviews and recording were extracted from YouTube and then transcribed and interpreted by converting them into text. The findings have revealed a significant use of persuasive techniques and social interaction in Clinton’s political discourse. The results also imply that using affiliation strategy, candidates can manipulate people. The study concludes that this strategy is more effective in representing oneself as truthful as compared to conventional narratives.
Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification LAMP, Simple Alternative Technique of Molecular Diagnosis Process in Medicals Analysis: A Review

The Medical diagnostic process requires more various methods to cover all sorts of clinical demands. Those methods depend on the types of samples and the requested analysis. The Medical diagnostic is considered as a process until making a clinical decision about a physiopathology or infection through medicals analysis. Nucleic acid amplification methods continue to play a role in these medicals analysis processes, but, many gold conventional standard Methods are time-consumers, less sensitive, technically challenging. It is that reason why recently, after the development of the PCR technique; the real-time PCR became a frequently requested tool to diagnose the virus, bacteria, fungal and parasites infections in different pathologies, especially in developed countries. However, its availability remains a big problem in resource-limited countries like Africa continent. It is because of the issue due to cost, technology, human resource constraints and the remote areas with limited access to laboratory facilities which stays also a major problem. Nucleic acids amplification methods remain to be expensive, not accessible for all laboratories. In addition to this, they are easily inhibited and contaminated by the other biochemical reagents time-consumer, for this reason, other methods of nucleic acid amplification under isothermal conditions have emerged each with its particularities. Despite their successes, molecular biology should have a method that combines many of the advantages and accessible everywhere. So, in 2000, the LAMP method was developed and offered many advantages such as speed, specificity, high sensitivity and the cost of very low equipment. In this review, we present the different studies to confirm the advantages of LAMP that we consider as an alternative to PCR in molecular diagnostics with a wide range of use on clinical samples and in scientific research and also, the method to save the Africans patients from the high cost and time consuming of other amplification methods.
Short food supply chains: the link between participation and farmers' competencies

Abstract Research on short food supply chains (SFSCs) has experienced a remarkable growth during recent years, offering ample evidence that the creation of such alternative food distribution networks can bring multiple benefits to both farmers and consumers. Nevertheless, farmers' engagement in SFSCs is still limited in many countries. Two studies designed to illustrate the role of competencies in the development of SFSCs are reported in this paper. The first one assessed the influence of farmers' self-perceived competencies on their willingness to participate in SFSCs. The second examined whether the engagement in SFSCs affects the levels of participants' competency needs. Study 1 revealed that willingness to participate in SFSCs is affected by the levels of farmers' competencies on issues pertaining to management, entrepreneurship, marketing, networking and cooperation. Although other factors such as farmers' citizenship behavior, their environmental concern and the perception that engagement in SFSCs can increase farm income are also associated with this willingness, self-perceived competencies represent the most important set of predictors. Study 2 uncovered that participation in SFSCs increases farmers' needs in all the above-mentioned categories of competencies. Taken together, these results indicate that farmers' competencies significantly affect their involvement in SFSCs, and that engagement in SFSCs augments competency needs, thus highlighting the importance of creating spaces that help farmers develop and exploit new capabilities.
Contrast tests of interaction hypothesis.

This article argues for the use of contrasts to test a priori interaction hypotheses in 2-way analysis of variance designs. It focuses on 3 underused types of interaction contrast tests: a "matching" pattern for cognate levels of row and column factors; the "qualitative quadratic," for monotonic profiles of means in the same direction but with opposed concavities; and a "differential curvilinearity" test for differences in the curvature of two profiles with the same direction of concavity. The circumstances that best capitalize on the potential advantages of a priori contrast tests are indicated, and an effect size measure for contrasts is presented. Investigators are urged to examine residuals after accounting for the variation attributable to the chosen contrast for patterns that may provide hints for more textured hypotheses in further research. If a posteriori contrasts are used, their effect sizes should be noted.
The Global Value Chain Under Imperfect Capital Markets

This paper develops a model to study how suppliers' financial constraint interact with suppliers' position in a global value chain. I embed financial frictions into the property‐rights model of the global value chain, as in Antras and Chor (Econometrica, 2013, 81, 2127), to derive the optimal allocation of ownership rights along the global value chain. The model predicts that multinational firms are more likely to integrate downstream intermediate input suppliers in countries with weak financial institutions when the production process is sequential complements. Using US intrafirm trade data for the years 2000–10, together with a triple‐interaction term between "downstreamness" of an industry, demand elasticity of an industry and financial development of a country, I provide empirical evidence that supports the key prediction of the model.
A 'Position Paradox' in Sponsored Search Auctions

We study the bidding strategies of vertically differentiated firms that bid for sponsored search advertisement positions for a keyword at a search engine. We explicitly model how consumers navigate and click on sponsored links based on their knowledge and beliefs about firm qualities. Our model yields several interesting insights and a main counter-intuitive result we focus on is the position paradox. " The paradox is that a superior firm may bid lower than an inferior firm and obtain a position below it, yet still obtain more clicks than the inferior firm. Under a pay-per- impression mechanism, the inferior firm wants to be at the top where more consumers click on its link, while the superior firm is better off by placing its link at a lower position as it pays a smaller advertising fee but some consumers will still reach it in the search of a higher-quality firm. Under a pay-per-click mechanism, the inferior firm has an even stronger incentive to be at the top since now it only has to pay for the consumers who do not know the firms' reputations and, therefore, can bid more aggressively. Interestingly, as the quality premium for the superior firm increases, and/or if more consumers know the identity of the superior firm, the incentive for the inferior firm to be at the top may increase. Contrary to conventional belief, we find that the search engine may have the incentive to over-weight the inferior firm's bid and strategically create the position paradox to increase overall clicks by consumers. To validate our model, we analyze a dataset from a popular Korean search engine firm and find that: (i) a large proportion of auction outcomes in the data show the position paradox, and (ii) sharp predictions from our model are validated in the data.
Risk-managed 52-week high industry momentum, momentum crashes and hedging macroeconomic risk

This is the first study to investigate the profitability of Barroso and Santa-Clara’s [J. Financial Econ., 2015, 116, 111–120] risk-managing approach for George and Hwang’s [J. Finance, 2004, 59, 2145–2176] 52-week high momentum strategy in an industrial portfolio setting. The findings indicate that risk-managing adds value as the Sharpe ratio increases, and the downside risk decreases notably. Even after controlling for the spread of the traditional 52-week high industry momentum strategy in association with standard risk factors, the risk-managed version generates economically and statistically significant pay-offs. Notably, the risk-managed strategy is partially explained by changes in cross-sectional return dispersion, whereas the traditional strategy does not appear to be exposed to such economic risks.
Reducing and Preventing Homelessness: A Review of the Evidence and Charting a Research Agenda

Homelessness may be both a cause of and one of the more extreme outcomes of poverty. Governments at all levels have a variety of tools to combat homelessness, and these strategies have changed dramatically over the past quarter century. In this paper, we catalog the policy responses, the existing literature on the effectiveness of these strategies, and the major gaps that need to be addressed in future research. We focus on studies from randomized controlled trial evaluations and the best quasi-experimental designs, and discuss outstanding questions that can be addressed with these same methods.
Consumer Electronics Processors for Critical Real-Time Systems: a (Failed) Practical Experience

The convergence between consumer electronics and critical real-time markets has increased the need for hardware platforms able to deliver high performance as well as high (sustainable) performance guarantees. Using the ARM big.LITTLE architecture as example of those platforms, in this paper we report our experience with one of its implementations (the Qualcomm SnapDragon 810 processor) to derive performance bounds with measurement-based techniques. Our theoretical and practical analysis reveals that some hardware features may not suit critical real-time needs, and restricted specifications and buggy documentation creates serious difficulties to derive WCET estimates for software running on this platform. From the lessons learned, we identify several main elements to consider to effectively consolidate the sustained performance needs between mainstream and critical real-time markets.
Research on the influence of environmental social responsibility on corporate risk-taking

In recent years, environmental problems such as water pollution and air pollution have frequently occurred, and environmental pollution problems have become more and more serious. As the main body of environmental pollution, enterprises also undertake the obligation to improve the environment and fulfill their environmental social responsibilities. In order to test the impact of different types of enterprises fulfilling environmental social responsibility on the risk-taking level of enterprises, we select the financial data and environmental social responsibility data of listed companies in Shandong Province for 2010-2017. The study finds that listed companies fulfilling their social responsibility to the environment can help to improve the level of risk-taking; state-owned listed companies prefer lower levels of risk-taking because of their particularity; the property rights of state-owned listed companies will enhance the impact of environmental social responsibility performance on risk-taking.
An opportunistic resource management model to overcome resource‐constraint in the Internet of Things

Experts believe that the Internet of Things (IoT) is a new revolution in technology and has brought many advantages for our society. However, there are serious challenges in terms of information security and privacy protection. Smart objects usually do not have malware detection due to resource limitations and their intrusion detection work on a particular network. Low computation power, low bandwidth, low battery, storage, and memory contribute to a resource‐constrained effect on information security and privacy protection in the domain of IoT. The capacity of fog and cloud computing such as efficient computing, data access, network and storage, supporting mobility, location awareness, heterogeneity, scalability, and low latency in secure communication positively influence information security and privacy protection in IoT. This study illustrates the positive effect of fog and cloud computing on the security of IoT systems and presents a decision‐making model based on the object's characteristics such as computational power, storage, memory, energy consumption, bandwidth, packet delivery, hop‐count, etc. This helps an IoT system choose the best nodes for creating the fog that we need in the IoT system. Our experiment shows that the proposed approach has less computational, communicational cost, and more productivity in compare with the situation that we choose the smart objects randomly to create a fog.
Restoring credit market stability conditions in Italy: evidences on Loan and Bad Loan dynamics

ABSTRACT In this paper we study the effect of credit deterioration on loan dynamics in the Italian non financial sector. The aim is to analyze, from a macroeconometric point of view, if credit growth rate is simply affected by bad loans stock variation or if there are other proxies of credit worsening that could have an influence on it. We use a factor model approach to capture all the pervasive factors that could affect the cyclical dynamics of the credit market, and we take into account the structural breaks induced by the Great Recession using quarterly data for the period 1998:4–2014:4. We reach the conclusion that new bad loans entry rate is the credit quality proxy that seems to express a significant and robust impact on lending dynamics. An increase of this ratio seems to cause a loans contraction after only 3 months and this evidence is useful in formulating some policy conclusions about banking system stability. We provide also results on new bad loans entry rate dynamics, finding a significant relation with GDP at infra-annual period (6 months).
The Causal Effect of Institutional Ownership on Firm Level Risk Characteristics

We establish the causal effect of institutional ownership on a firm’s total risk and its systematic and idiosyncratic components using Russell 2000 index membership as an instrument for institutional ownership following (Crane, Michenaud, and Weston, 2016). We find that for a median Russell 1000 firm, a one standard deviation increase in institutional ownership in a given quarter causes a decrease in idiosyncratic volatility of 13.3% in annualized terms, which results in a decrease in total volatility of 12.8%. Institutional investors achieve this effect on a firm’s risk characteristics partially through their effect on its financial performance, as measured by unexpected earnings. More precisely, an increase in institutional ownership increases a firm’s financial performance, which turns to a decrease in its total and idiosyncratic volatility.
Metrics of Information Complexity for Air Traffic Control Displays

Information complexity associated with visual displays is a bottleneck that limits their use. While automation tools are designed to bring new functions to users and increase their capacities, they also creates new tasks associated with acquiring and integrating information from displays. In particular, a complex display increases information load to human operators and reduces usability. Thus the efficiency of the tool largely depends on the complexity of displayed information. To evaluate the costs and benefits of an automation system, it is important to understand how much information is shown on the display, and whether the information is too complex for users to process. In this paper, we present a set of observable metrics to assess information complexity of visual displays. The metrics count information complexity as the combination of three basic factors: numeric size, variety, and relation; each factor is evaluated by the functions at three stages of brain information processing: perception, cognition, and action. Ideally, these measures provide an objective method to evaluate automation systems for acquisition and design prototypes.
Learning, Moving, And Predicting With Global Motion Representations

In order to effectively respond to and influence the world they inhabit, animals and other intelligent agents must understand and predict the state of the world and its dynamics. An agent that can characterize how the world moves is better equipped to engage it. Current methods of motion computation rely on local representations of motion (such as optical flow) or simple, rigid global representations (such as camera motion). These methods are useful, but they are difficult to estimate reliably and limited in their applicability to real-world settings, where agents frequently must reason about complex, highly nonrigid motion over long time horizons. In this dissertation, I present methods developed with the goal of building more flexible and powerful notions of motion needed by agents facing the challenges of a dynamic, nonrigid world. This work is organized around a view of motion as a global phenomenon that is not adequately addressed by local or lowlevel descriptions, but that is best understood when analyzed at the level of whole images and scenes. I develop methods to: (i) robustly estimate camera motion from noisy optical flow estimates by exploiting the global, statistical relationship between the optical flow field and camera motion under projective geometry; (ii) learn representations of visual motion directly from unlabeled image sequences using learning rules derived from a formulation of image transformation in terms of its group properties; (iii) predict future frames of a video by learning a joint representation of the instantaneous state of the visual world and its motion, using a view of motion as transformations of world state. I situate this work in the broader context of ongoing computational and biological investigations into the problem of estimating motion for intelligent perception and action. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Neuroscience First Advisor Kostas Daniilidis
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Berdasarkan Prosedur Polya

The purpose of this study is to analyze mathematical problem-solving abilities based on Polya's steps and the causes of students' errors in solving mathematical problems. The problem-solving stage consists of 4 stages, namely the stage of understanding the problem, planning a solution, carrying out a solution plan, and looking back. This study used 6 subjects from 25 eighth grade students of SMP Terpadu Turen. Data collection is done by tests and interviews. Data validity test is done by triangulation technique. The results of this study were (1) at the stage of understanding many students, they did not experience difficulties because students were able to understand the problem, (2) at the planning stage there were some students who did not write the completion plan but understood the way they would do to solve the problem but they were not used to write down the plan, (3) at the stage of carrying out the plan there were some students who have difficulty because they are less thorough so that they are not aware of the mistakes made. This is because students lack concentration in solving problems, (4) at the stage of looking back there are students who have not reached this stage because they have not completed the previous stage.