Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Afatinib vs erlotinib for second-line treatment of Chinese patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Background The global Phase III LUX-Lung 8 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01523587) identified significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with second-line afatinib vs erlotinib in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. Materials and methods We conducted a post hoc analysis of data for patients in LUX-Lung 8 from mainland China (n=67). Compared with erlotinib, afatinib reduced the risk of disease progression or death (PFS) in the Chinese subgroup by 30% (HR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.38–1.27). Results The risk of death was reduced by 31% (HR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.39–1.21). The proportion of Chinese patients with improvements in PROs also favored afatinib vs erlotinib (global health status/quality of life [QoL], 52.8% vs 29.6%, P=0.072; dyspnea, 47% vs 26%, P=0.091; “dyspnea walked”, 44% vs 15%, P=0.017; QoL rate, 53% vs 26%, P=0.037). Discussion While this analysis was not powered to demonstrate differences compared to the overall trial population (OTP), and there were some differences in baseline characteristics (eg, the proportion of patients aged ≥65 years old), the benefits of afatinib treatment in Chinese patients with SCC of the lung appeared to be at least comparable to that observed in LUX-Lung 8. As with the OTP, the most common adverse events (AEs) with afatinib in the Chinese subgroup were diarrhea and rash/acne, and the incidence and type of the most frequently occurring AEs were similar. Conclusion The results suggest that afatinib represents a feasible treatment option for Chinese patients with advanced SCC of the lung following progression on platinum-based chemotherapy.
Three Hospitals in China

This is the psychiatric hospital which appears to be the most commonly visited by foreign visitors to China (Brown, 1980). Shanghai was previously a cosmopolitan city, although purged of its multitudinous vices after 1949. Many people on the street speak English, and are more accustomed to foreigners than in many other parts of China. The hospital is well organized, presentable and close to the city centre, with helpful staff, who have become used to showing foreign visitors around. There is a permanent interpreter on the staff. The hospital is a clean, modern, but basic series of buildings, dating from 1958, with extensions still being constructed. The Shanghai Psychiatric Hospital is a 'municipal hospital'. In addition there are district (or county) hospitals (of 60 to 100 beds), with one mental hospital per district. There are also commune or urban clinics which seem to cater for cases away from the centre of the cities which do not require (or do not receive) specialized treatment. The Shanghai Psychiatric Hospital is a 'municipal distributed amongst 15 wards (one being an isolation ward for patients with infectious diseases). Males are segregated from females on the wards and all patients wear uniforms. The out-patient department handles 450 patients daily. There are occupational therapy and recreational therapy departments. Included on the staff are 178 doctors, 350 nurses and 40 technicians. Investigative facilities consist of a Three Hospitals in China
The Effect of Reading Instruction and Writing Instruction on Reading and Writing Persuasion.

The study waS designed to determine: a. whtther the writing of persuasive discour8e can be improved by instruction; and b. the effect of reading on writing and of writing on reading within the _node of persuasion. The Specific question addressed was: Will sixth grader-8' ability to write and/or read persuasive discourse be improved by the following kinds of instruction: 1 instruction in a persUasion Schema and writing practice; 2. instruction in a persuasion schema and reading practice; 3. a single lesson on a persuasion schema; and will sixth graders who were thus instructed read and/or write persuasive discourse better than a control group? Sixth-grade students in two schools were Stratified by sex and reading ability and assigned by random procedures to one of three instructional groups, as described above, or to a control group, for ten 45-minute lessons over five weeks. Pretests and posttests consisted of writing a recall protocol of a persuasive reading and writing two persuasive compositions. On the posttest, both the writing and reading+schema groups --but not the singIe-Iesson-schema group--scored significantly higher than the controi group on writing quality, and on the number of conclusions and text markers used, and scored significantly higher on the posttest than on the pretest on writing quality, conclusions, and text markers. There were no differences between the control group and other groups on reading recall scores, and no improvements for any group from pre to posttest.
Patient Experience in Health Professions Curriculum Development

To enhance student learning, many health profession programs are embracing involvement of patients in their curricula, yet little is known about the impact of such an experience on patients. Objective: To understand the experiences of patients who contributed to the creation of a Verbatim Reader’s Theater used in health professions curriculum. Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted with a focus group of 3 patients who participated in curriculum development. The interview was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes using van Manen approach to hermeneutic phenomenology. Results: Five themes emerged: (1) contextualizing contribution, (2) addressing expectations, (3) changing health-care service delivery, (4) sharing common experiences, and (5) coordinating participation. Conclusion: Patients had a positive experience contributing to curriculum development and found meaning in sharing their lived experience to shape the values of future clinicians. Strategies to promote continued success in partnership between patients and health professional curriculum developers include clear communication about the project’s direction and early discussion of patient role and expectations.
Impact of Tai Chi on Peripheral Neuropathy Revisited: A Mixed-Methods Study

Exercise may be beneficial to older persons living with peripheral neuropathy (PN), but maintaining an exercise program is challenging. After participating in a 12-week tai chi (TC) study, 12 participants requested classes continue. A mixed-methods design was used to explore long-term engagement of older persons with bilateral PN enrolled in a TC class for 18 months beyond the original 3-month study. Pre- and posttest measures of functional status and quality of life (QOL) were conducted. Focus groups were held after 18 months of twice-weekly classes. Psychosocial support was critical to participants’ long-term commitment to exercise. Participants reported, and objective assessments confirmed, increased strength, balance, and stamina beyond that experienced in the original 12-week study. Changes in QOL scores were nonsignificant; however, qualitative data supported clinical significance across QOL domains. Results from this study support psychosocial and physical benefits of TC to older persons.
THE ROLE OF INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-Î± (TNF-Î±), AND INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) ON HYPERGLYCEMIA IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS

Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in critically ill patientsin the ICU, although they have not previously had diabetes. It has been reportedthat pronounced hyperglycemia may lead to complications in such patients, andcause the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, although controlled trial dataare still lacking. The current debatable issue, focusing on whether the intensiveinsulin therapy, aimed at normalizing blood glucose, may improve patientsâ€™prognosis. Then, the debate is mainly about the time to start the therapy,and target of blood glucose level. Therefore, this research is mainly designed andaimed at knowing the difference between intensive insulin therapy andconventional insulin therapy on the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD),decrease of cytokine production (TNF-Î± and IL-6), increase of albumin level, andevent of SIRSThis study was carried out in a randomly pre and post-test control groupdesign, involving 40 adult patients being nursed through the ICU Sanglah hospitalDenpasar. They were randomly assigned to receive intensive insulin therapy, inwhich blood glucose was decreased and maintained at the level between 80-110mg/dl, or conventional insulin therapy in which the insulin was infused only if theblood glucose level exceeded 215 mg/dl, decreased and maintained then at thelevel between 180-200 mg/dl.The result of the study showed that there was (1) significant increase ofSOD mean level (370. 70 vs 98.50 U/gHb, p=0.001); (2) no significant decreaseof TNF-Î± mean level; (3) significant decrease of IL-6 mean level (10.26 vs 2.25;p=0.023); (4) significant increase of albumin mean level ( 0.62 vs 0.22); (5)significant decrease of SIRS (10 % vs 40 %, p=0.000) on intensive insulin therapygroup compared to conventional insulin therapy group. It can be concluded thatintensive insulin therapy could maintain blood glucose level between 80 â€“ 110mg/dl, increase SOD level, decrease IL-6 level, increase albumin level, anddecrease SIRS on hyperglycemia in critically ill ICU patients.
The Effect of Student Loan Limits on University Enrolments

Student loan programs are an important feature of post-secondary education systems around the world. However, there is little direct evidence on whether these programs are effective in increasing enrolments of credit constrained students. Unlike other countries, Canada has a system of student loans and grants that is based on combined provincial/federal jurisdiction, leading to policy differences over time between provinces. I exploit these differences to evaluate the effects of changes in maximum student loan limits on enrolments of young people. I find that although there is evidence that increasing nonrepayable assistance leads to increases in enrolments, loans appear to increase only the probability of youth living away from their parentsâ€™ house while studying.
A Middle English syntax

For a good orientation into the history of English grammar, several books are indispensable. One of those is Mustanoja’s A Middle English Syntax . However, for a long time this work was not readily available; the present edition changes that. This is a fac simile reprint from the 1960 publication which appeared as volume XXIII in ‘Memoires de la Societe Neophilologique de Helsinki’, with a new Introduction by Elly van Gelderen. Compared to Old English, Middle English has fewer grammars and textbooks devoted to it. This book provides an interesting supplement by going deeper into certain questions and, especially, into exceptions. The book points out differences with Old English and certain peculiarities of the Middle English system. It was originally written for students of Middle English literature but serves a linguist well in detailed descriptions of the parts of speech, the use of the various cases, gender, and number. Word order, complex sentences, and conjunctions were meant to be dealt with in a second volume, which was never published.
Land and Power: Theory and Evidence from Chile

In this paper we investigate the e ect of the absence of a secret ballot on electoral outcomes and resource allocation. Once voting behavior is observable, votes can be bought and sold in a `market for votes'. We distinguish between direct vote buying, where individuals sell their own votes to political parties, and indirect vote buying, where people also sell the votes of others and we characterized the circumstances in which vote buying changes the electoral outcome. We then provide a microfoundation for indirect vote buying, which usually takes the form of employers selling the votes of their employees. This can occur when the employment relationship involves rents since employers can use the threat of withdrawal of these rents to control the political behavior of their workers. This increases the demand for labor and generates an added incentive to own land, increasing the price of land. We test the predictions of the model by examining in detail the e ects of the introduction of the secret ballot in Chile in 1958. We show that this change in political institutions had implications for voting behavior and land prices which are consistent with the predictions of our model. JEL Classi cation Number: D72, O54, Q15.
Investigating aspects of the capital budgeting process used in the evaluation of investment projects

Given the importance of capital investment, not only for the country as a whole but the creation of shareholder wealth by individual firms, it is vital to investigate the practices used to evaluate these projects. The findings of this study suggest that the most important stages in the capital budgeting process are project definition and cash flow estimation, not financial analysis. Further, in the evaluation of capital investment projects, South African companies seem to prefer Return on Investment and Internal Rate of Return as methods to determine the feasibility of a project. The use of these methods is influenced by the size of a company's annual capital budget, as there is a correlation between a company's annual capital budget and a preference for these methods.
Abnormal formation and communication of external jugular vein

Knowledge of variations in the origin, course and termination of external jugular vein may be important for surgeons, radiologists, and plastic surgeons. In this report, we present a variation in the origin of the external jugular vein and its abnormal communication with the cephalic vein. The external jugular vein was formed by the union of facial and retromandibular veins. Its course and termination were normal but it communicated with the cephalic vein through a large communicating vein, which crossed superficial to clavicle. The retromandibular vein did not divide into two divisions and the posterior auricular vein was absent. The terminal part of cephalic vein was sandwiched between the clavicle and subclavius muscle.
Health Information Systems’ Architectural Evaluation with Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method (ATAM): a case study in Nigeria

This paper identified what should be architectural quality attributes for health information system (HIS) architectural evaluation. It raises awareness of the importance of stakeholders in the architecture process. This was with a view to ensuring that HIS follow a specific architecture for the quality to be determined exactly at all times. ATAM was used to validate the analysis using the architecture of the Made in Nigeria Primary Healthcare Information System (MINPHIS). The paper demonstrates the applicability and usefulness of architectural evaluation in HIS context. The analysis with ATAM showed the generation of quality attributes utility tree, priorities, the scenarios, sensitivity points, risks involved and its benefits towards healthcare system. Evaluating the system showed that the database system needs to be migrated from hierarchical to relational structure. By implication, the evaluation is useful for quality improvement in the earlier stages of HIS development, which supposes an indirect impact on patient care.
Clarification of pomegranate juice by ultrafiltration: study of juice quality and of the fouling mechanism

Introduction . Ultrafiltration (UF) is a single-unit operation for the clarification and fining of fruit juices. The purpose of the UF is to remove suspended solids as well as haze-inducing and turbidity-causing substances to obtain a clear juice during storage. Specifically, the polymerization of phenolic compounds and their interaction with other components ( e.g. , proteins) could cause a haze complex and turbidity in fruit juices, which can foul the ultrafiltration membrane. Materials and methods . Fresh pomegranate juice was clarified by the ultrafiltration process on a laboratory scale. In experimental tests performed according to the total recycle and the batch concentration mode, the effects of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and enzyme pre-treatment on permeation flux and quality of juice were studied. Results . With the total recycle mode, the effect of TMP on the color and clarity of clarified pomegranate juice was significant. The initial color of the raw pomegranate juice was reduced from 74% to 33% and the clarity decreased from 77% to 42% by UF when the TMP increased from (1 to 3.6) bar. Total phenolic rejection decreased from 45% to 21% when the TMP rose from (1 to 2) bar and remained constant above this value. With the batch concentration mode at TMP = 2 bar and velocity 1 m·s –1 , the enzymatic treatment (5 U·mL –1 , 300 min, T = 20 °C) of pomegranate juice provided the highest permeate flux, a decrease in total phenolics of 50% and an increased clarity of 30%. Fouling of the UF membrane during pomegranate juice processing is mainly due to the retention of polyphenols and/or proteins; thus, several blocking mechanisms were studied, using a recently developed membrane-fouling model. Analysis revealed that the membrane separation process was controlled by the gel layer mechanism of raw pomegranate juice and complete pore blocking mechanism with enzymatic pre-treatment.
Carers' perspectives on choosing a care home for a relative with dementia

This article describes findings from a project that explored what happens to people with dementia (PWDs) following discharge from a general hospital to a residential care home. In 15 out of 109 cases referred to a hospital psychiatric liaison team, admission to a residential care home was indicated during the hospital stay. This 'last resort' for families, following repeated hospital admissions and a deteriorating condition, was accepted when all involved agreed that it was in the best interests of the PWDs. Four months after the move, carers reflected on their criteria for choosing the home, their expectations and whether these were met. Carers' own wellbeing improved and their mental distress reduced as the PWDs appeared settled and safer. However, the findings suggest a continuing key role for family carers of PWDs in care homes and emphasises the need for advocacy for PWDs without such support.
Novel exploitation of neural network methods in financial markets

The exploitation of neural network techniques in different types of financial market problems is discussed and illustrated by snatching the inherent qualities of networks to problem domains in finance. In particular the author considers the construction of a portfolio under constraints as an optimisation problem amenable to solution by an analog neural network, and short term equities prediction as a problem in nonlinear multichannel time series forecasting, which can be addressed by feedforward networks. <<ETX>>
A Correspondence Analysis of Child-Care Students' and Medical Students' Knowledge about Teaching and Learning

This paper describes the application of correspondence analysis to transcripts gathered from focussed interviews about teaching and learning held with a small sample of child-care students, medical students and the students’ teachers. Seven dimensions emerged from the analysis, suggesting that the knowledge that underlies students’ learning intentions and actions is multi-dimensional and transactive. It is proposed that the multivariate, multidimensional, discovery approach of the correspondence analysis technique has considerable potential for data analysis in the social sciences.
Examining potential risk factors, pathways and processes associated with childhood injury in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children

In Australia, injury including poisoning is reported as the most common cause of death from early childhood through to middle age (AIHW, 2002). Apart from its potentially fatal consequences, childhood injury can also affect children’s development via its association with disability, impairment and illness. Considerable debate exists around understandings of injury causation and the division between intentional and unintentional injury. This hampers the efforts of policy makers and practitioners to prevent injury. It is argued that the risk factors associated with physical injuries of either kind are similar, existing across multiple domains of human experience and their effect influenced by their interaction with each other. This paper builds upon the findings of preliminary work using data from first wave of Growing Up in Australia, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, and presents the results of work exploring potential risk factors, and the direct and indirect pathways and processes implicated in injury occurrence. The paper uses an integrated, multi-dimensional conceptual framework to guide investigation, conceptualising childhood injury as the result of exchanges and interactions between the child and their family and the broader contextual environment. Understanding the function of risk factors associated with childhood injury will aid in efforts to mitigate the risk associated with such life events and is imperative for the formation of effective injury prevention policy and practice parameters.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PREFERENCES

Recent investigations of the psychology of preferences have demonstrated several intriguing discrepancies between subjective and objective conceptions of decisions. For example, the threat of a loss has a greater impact on a decision than the possibility of an equivalent gain. Most people are also very sensitive to the difference between certainty and high probability and relatively insensitive to intermediate gradations of probability. The regret associated with a loss that was incurred by an action tends to be more intense than the regret associated with inaction or a missed opportunity. These observations and others of a similar character contribute to the understanding of how people make decisions and to the elucidation of some puzzles of rational choice . We asked a large number of physicians to consider the following problem: Imagine that the U.S. is preparing for the outbreak of a rare Asian disease, which is expected to kill 600 people. Two alternative programs to combat the disease have been proposed. Assume that the exact scientific estimates of the consequences of the programs are as follows: If Program A is adopted, 200 people will be saved. If Program B is adopted, there is a 1/3 probability that 600 people will be saved and a 2/3 probability that no people will be saved. Which of the two programs would you favor. The majority response to this problem is a risk-averse preference for Program A over Program B. Other respondents were presented with the same problem but a different formulation of the programs: If Program C is adopted, 400 people will die.