Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ABILITY OF SPONTANEOUS AUTOGAMY IN FOUR ORCHID SPECIES : CEPHALANTHERA RUBRA , NEOTTIA OVATA ,

The breeding system in Orchidaceae generates many questions about the selfing potential of its representatives. We investigated the ability of spontaneous autogamy of four orchid species: Cephalanthera rubra and Neottia ovata of the Neottieae tribe and Gymnadenia conopsea and Platanthera bifolia of the Orchideae tribe. These species represent diverse specializations of the gynostemium architecture. The self-compatibility and properties of autogamous seeds were determined in a bagging experiment and seed development analysis. After induced autogamy, a high level of fruiting (80-100%) was noted in all of the four study species. C. rubra, N. ovata, and G. conopsea are completely self-compatible, and P. bifolia is suggested to be partially self-compatible. If autogamy occurred, inbreeding depression and resource limitation on seed development appeared only in the two Orchideae species. Independent of flower specialization, both Neottieae species and P. bifolia were completely allogamous, whereas G. conopsea could be facultatively autogamous.
Properties of bow-shock sources at the Galactic center

There are an enigmatic population of massive stars around the Galactic Center (GC) that were formed some Ma ago. A fraction of these stars has been found to orbit the supermassive black hole, SgrA*, in a projected clockwise disk, which suggests that they were formed in a formerly existing dense disk around SgrA*. We focus on the extended, near-infrared (NIR) sources IRS1W, IRS5, IRS10W, and IRS21 that have been suggested to be young, massive stars that form bow-shocks through their interaction with the ISM. Their nature has impeded accurate determination of their orbital parameters. We aim at establishing their nature and kinematics to test whether they form part of the clockwise disk. We performed NIR multi-wavelength imaging using adaptive optics (AO) and sparse aperture masking (SAM). We introduce a new method for self-calibration of the SAM PSF in dense stellar fields. The emission mechanism, morphology and kinematics of the targets were examined via 3D bow-shock models. We confirm previous findings that IRS21, IRS1W, and IRS5 are bow-shocks created by the interaction between mass-losing stars and the interstellar gas. The nature of IRS10W remains unclear. Our modeling shows that the bow-shock-emission is caused by thermal emission while the scattering of stellar light does not play any significant role. IRS 1W appears to be a bow-shock produced by an anisotropic stellar wind or by locally inhomogeneous ISM density. Our best-fit models provide an estimate of the local proper motion of the ISM in the NA in agreement with the published models. Assuming that all of the sources are tied to SgrA*, their orbital planes were obtained via a Monte-Carlo simulation. Our orbital analysis suggests that they are not part of any of the clockwise disk. We thus add more evidence to recent findings that a large part of the massive stars show apparently random orbital orientations.
A New Species of Bush-warbler from Bougainville Island and a Monophyletic Origin for Southwest Pacific Cettia

Abstract We describe a new species of Cettia from the Crown Prince Range, Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea. By combining morphometric and molecular phylogenetic techniques, we attempt to broaden our understanding of evolutionary processes within the genus Cettia in the southwest Pacific. The new species proves to be distinct with respect to several morphological characteristics that are most probably related to a more terrestrial lifestyle than that of its congeners. Molecular data agree with morphological data in establishing that these birds are at least as distinct from the other island forms of Cettia as those forms are from each other, far exceeding intraspecific variation. These data and the restricted distribution of the population on Bougainville strongly support recognition of a new species. The application of molecular phylogenetic techniques also supports the idea that the new species and other island forms of Cettia confined to mountains on southwest Pacific islands are derived from a single common ancestor rather than being independently derived from one or more mainland forms. In addition, the relatively recent discovery of two new species of Cettia suggests that additional forms await discovery in other poorly known areas of the southwest Pacific. Our results point to the need for further molecular studies and for additional field research into the distribution and ecology of forest songbirds on islands.
Physical and morphological properties of z ~ 3 Lyman break galaxies: dependence on Lyα line emission

Aims. We investigate the physical and morphological properties of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at redshift ~2.5 to ~3.5, to determine if and how they depend on the nature and strength of the Lyα emission. Methods. We selected U-dropout galaxies from the z-detected GOODS-MUSIC catalog by adapting the classical Lyman break criteria on the GOODS filter set. We kept only those galaxies with spectroscopic confirmation, mainly from VIMOS and FORS public observations. Using the full multi-wavelength 14-bands information (U to IRAC), we determined the physical properties of the galaxies through a standard spectral energy distribution fitting procedure with the updated Charlot & Bruzual (2009) templates. We also added other relevant observations of the GOODS field, i.e. the 24 μm observations from Spitzer/MIPS and the 2 MSec Chandra X-ray observations. Finally, using non parametric diagnostics (Gini, Concentration, Asymmetry, M 20 and ellipticity), we characterized the rest-frame UV morphologies of the galaxies. We then analyzed how these physical and morphological properties correlate with the presence of the Lyα emission line in the optical spectra. Results. We find that unlike at higher redshift, the dependence of physical properties on the Lyα line is milder: galaxies without Lyα in emission tend to be more massive and dustier than the rest of the sample, but all other parameters, ages, star formation rates (SFR), X-ray emission and UV morphology do not depend strongly on the presence of the Lyα emission. A simple scenario where all LBGs have intrinsically high Lyα emission, but where the dust and neutral hydrogen content (which shapes the final appearance of the Lyα) depend on the mass of the galaxies, is able to reproduce the majority of the observed properties at z ~ 3. Some modification might be needed to account for the observed evolution of these properties with cosmic epoch, which is also discussed.
Estimation of Direct Genetic Effects on Milk Yield and Lactation Length in the Aownoi Dairy Cooperative

This study aimed to estimate the direct genetic effects on actual milk yield and lactation length of Holstein crossbred dairy cows in the Aownoi Dairy Cooperative. The data comprised 869 lactation records from 850 cows that had calved during 2009–2010. The data were analyzed by the Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method and applying the Average Information Algorithm (AIREML) using univariate analysis. The factors having a direct effect on actual milk yield and lactation length were the year-season of calving (YS), the breed group of the cows and the lactation number. The investigated traits were lactation length and actual milk yield. The results showed that the overall mean (± SE) for milk yield and lactation length was 4,484.84 ± 13.60 kg.cow -1 . lactation -1 and 376.94 ± 0.34 d, respectively. The lactation number had a signifi cant effect on the actual milk yield but there was no signifi cant effect of breed group, lactation number and year-season of calving on the lactation length. Estimates of heritability for the actual milk yield and lactation length were 0.22 ± 0.08 and 0.26 ± 0.09, respectively.
Supplementing nursery pig feed with seaweed extracts increases final body weight of pigs

Abstract: Probiotics have been used as an alternative method to antibiotic treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effect of seaweed extracts, commercially named OceanFeed Swine® (OFS), on body weight, average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) in nursery and fattening pigs of terminal lines. The study was conducted with 1809 piglets from weaning age until the end of the fattening phase on a commercial farm, divided into two groups (control and OFS; 905 and 904 pigs, respectively). Three replicates were made during the 6 weeks of production. Food was elaborated in the same productive unit and was given to the animals in the form of flour. OceanFeed Swine® (5 g/kg of diet) was added to the diet of the OFS groups during the nursery period, from 21 to 55 days of age. The faecal microbial population was evaluated at 35 and 60 days of life. In this paper, we observed a positive effect of administering OceanFeed Swine® on the production parameters analysed in the fattening phase, showing an improvement of 26 g in ADG and FE of 0.07. It can be concluded that the use of OceanFeed Swine® in the diets of the piglets, aged between 21 to 55 days old, improves FE (Control 2.36, OFS 2.29) and ADG (control 0.798 kg, OFS 0.824 kg). Moreover, its use exhibited an increase in the slaughter weight, a reduction of E coli CFU, and an increase in Lactobacillus sp. in fattening animals. All these improvements have a major positive economic impact per pig at time of slaughter.
Seasonal Evolution of Shoreface and Beach System Morphology in a Macrotidal Environment, Dunkerque Area, Northern France

Differential maps have been digitalized and compared from successive bathymetric and topographic surveys performed under different meteorological conditions from May 1992 to December 1994 in the shoreface-to-beach system of the 30 km long coastal area extending from Gravelines to the French-Belgian border in southernmost North Sea. The data, which concern a low-relief sandy coastal system exposed to a macrotidal regime with flood-driven eastward sediment transport, have been interpreted according to meteorological, hydrodynamical and aerodynamical characteristics. A balanced sediment budget was observed, which contradicts previous data suggesting a progressive long-term erosional trend. This result indirectly underlines the key-role on the sedimentary budget of exceptional events such as severe storms. The two types of erosion identified comprise the action of frontal waves and the combined interaction of tidal currents and wind. Five hydrodynamical cells have been recognized along the shoreface. The corresponding segmentation is attributed to the specific distribution of the wave energy along the coast due to the presence of submarine banks responsible for the deformation of the wave propagation. The morphological changes of the beach depend on the tide and swell action responsible for the construction/migration/destruction of the ridge and runnel system.
Influence du Mouvement Elémentaire sur la perception des émotions

L’objectif de notre these a ete d’etudier de maniere precise les interactions entre les emotions et trois mouvements elementaires (i.e., de vagues, parabolique et translationnel). Une premiere etude a permis de verifier que le mouvement de vagues ameliore la perception d’expressions faciales emotionnelles positives alors que le mouvement parabolique ameliore la perception d’expressions faciales emotionnelles negatives (Chafi, Schiaratura, & Rusinek, 2012), phenomene de « congruence Emotion-Mouvement ». De plus amples recherches constituant notre seconde etude ont mis en evidence qu’augmenter l’intensite emotionnelle et la validite ecologique des stimuli (i.e., des extraits de films) a mene a des effets d’inconsistance, qui se caracterisent par le fait que le mouvement parabolique augmente l’intensite emotionnelle du film tres positif alors que le mouvement de vagues augmente l’intensite emotionnelle du film tres negatif. Nous postulons que ces effets sont dus au mecanisme de contre-Regulation decrit par Rothermund (2003). Une reflexion consequente sur la cognition incarnee nous a menes a une troisieme etude s’interessant a la verticalite, montrant que le mouvement parabolique ameliore les competences mnesiques et psychomotrices seulement lorsqu’il effectue une trajectoire descendante. L’exposition au mouvement elementaire semble donc avoir un impact sur les spheres emotionnelle (auto-Evaluations), cognitive (tâche de memoire) et comportementale (tâche de decomptage). Les donnees susmentionnees peuvent etre representees dans un modele en reseaux associatifs du type Power et Dalgleish (2008), reprenant fortement celui de Bower (1981).
RUNNING HEAD : SMARTPHONES AND THE DEVICE GAP 2 STATEMENT

Digital divide research has recently begun to address the functional gaps between Internetconnected technologies, specifically mobile and wired devices. This study uses nationally representative survey data from the Pew Internet and American Life Project to address this area of research and explores how smartphone-dependence compared to multi-modal access impacts Internet use among key demographic groups including race, sex, age, income, and education. This study also explores how demographic characteristics and smartphone use interact to affect reliance on smartphones and perceptions of the utility of mobile devices. Results show that race, sex, age, income, and education, exhibit different rates of smartphone-dependence, and also perform different online activities with their smartphones. Minorities and younger users are more likely to be smartphone-dependent and multi-modal users suggesting that these demographic groups are adopting mobile Internet technologies faster than Whites and older individuals. Minorities also use smartphones for more news and information activities than Whites, which contradicts traditional usage gap predictions.
Effect of planting axles, sunlight faces and rod vibration frequencies in the mechanized coffee harvesting

Several studies have investigated the harvest systems, locations and conditions of the coffee crop, but there are no studies about the rod frequency vibration, particularly with regard to the effects of the position of the coffee with respect to exposure of sunlight regarding production, fruit maturation, and harvest levels. Thus, this study, conducted in two crops in Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, evaluated the productivity, fruit maturation, and operation of mechanical harvesting of a coffee crop planted in four rows, with two faces of solar exposure and at two frequencies of rod vibration. Because of the regional conditions and culture, the planting alignments altered the levels of low-production harvests and the maturation of the fruit produced in high-production harvests, but no differences were observed between the faces of the plants. The increased frequency of the rod vibration varied according to the planting alignments in the low-production harvest, and increased harvesting capacity and the amount of picked mature fruits, reducing the losses of the remaining coffee of the high-production harvest. Key words: Coffea arabica L. , ripeness stage, sunlight, agricultural mechanization, coffee production, harvesting loses.
PENGEMBANGAN MAHASISWA MODEL PRAKTIKUM KIMIA ANALITIK INSTRUMEN BERBASIS MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN METAKOGNISI MAHASISWA CALON GURU

Penelitian pengembangan model praktikum kimia analitik instrumen berbasis masalah telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan metakognisi dan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa calon guru dengan menggunakan desain Research and Development. Untuk merancang pembelajaran praktikum materi spektrometri dan HPLC, dilakukan dengan analisis kebutuhan melalui studi pustaka dan lapangan. Setelah dilakukan validasi dan uji coba model praktikum, selanjutnya model diimplementasikan pada mata kuliah praktikum kimia analitik instrumen Prodi Pendidikan Kimia suatu PTN di Semarang menggunakan rancangan control group pretest-posttest design. Pembelajaran diawali dengan pemberian masalah open-ended yang diselesaikan melalui kegiatan laboratorium dan diakhiri dengan presentasi hasil pemecahan masalah. Dalam setiap langkah pembelajaran dilakukan wawancara tidak terstruktur untuk mengembangkan metakognisi dan meningkatkan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes bentuk uraian untuk mengukur metakognisi dan penguasaan konsep, lembar observasi kinerja, dan angket tanggapan mahasiswa tentang model praktikum dan metakognisi. Data kuantitatif diolah dengan bantuan program SPSS 17 dan data kualitatif secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan metakognisi tertinggi pada materi spektrometri dengan indikator mengaplikasikan pemahaman, dan pada materi HPLC dengan indikator menginterpretasi data. Untuk kedua materi pencapaian metakognisi terendah pada indikator mengidentifikasi informasi. Praktikum kimia analitik berbasis masalah lebih baik meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan metakognisi mahasiswa calon guru daripada praktikum konvensional. Persen N-gain metakognisi kelas eksperimen dan kontrol masing-masing 33,61% dan 19,11% pada materi spektrometri, dan pada materi HPLC adalah 30,05 % dan 14,55%. Untuk kedua materi tersebut antara kelas eksperimen dan kontrol keduanya menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan. Keunggulan praktikum kimia analitik instrumen berbasis masalah selain meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan mengembangkan metakognisi untuk semua kelompok prestasi, juga: (1) mahasiswa terlibat aktif selama proses pembelajaran, dan (2) memungkinkan dosen untuk melakukan layanan bimbingan individual pada mahasiswa dan memberikan contoh model praktikum berbasis masalah. Untuk memperoleh hasil implementasi model pembelajaran yang optimal maka penyediaan waktu dan komitmen dosen perlu diperhatikan.
Graves ’ ophthalmopathy in patients treated with radioiodine 131I Oftalmopatia u pacjentów leczonych radiojodem 131I

Background: Radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease patients may cause or aggravate the course of ophthalmopathy (GO). We evaluated the activity and severity of ophthalmopathy in patients who acquired GO following radioiodine therapy. Material and methods: Between 2003 and 2005, 763 Graves’ disease patients (50.9% of the total number of 1,500 patients referred to our Department) were treated with radioiodine 131-I. This treatment was only offered to patients with NOSPECS score < 3 and CAS < 3. Following their radioiodine treatment, in 39 patients (5.1% of all Graves’ disease patients), mean age 53.9 ± 11.6 years, onset of GO was observed within 12 months of post-treatment follow-up. Results: In 39 patients who developed GO after 131-I treatment, median values of hTRAb and NOSPECS score were 15.4 U/L (IQR = 22.9) and 5.0 points (max = 8.0; min = 2.0), respectively, at the time of their GO onset. Patients were qualified for methylprednisolone pulse therapy (8.0 g) and subsequent radiotherapy (20 Gy). Median concentration of hTRAb and NOSPECS score at one, six and 12 months post-GO therapy were: 10.0 U/L (IQR = 21.6) and 4.0 (max = 6.0; min = 1.0); 7.5 U/L (IQR = 1.1) and 3.0 (max = 10.0; min = 0.0); 2.8 U/L (IQR = 8.3) and 3.0 (max = 6.0; min = 0.0), respectively. A positive association between hTRAb and NOSPECS score was observed over the control period. IL-6 and IL-2 concentration prior to and one month after treatment remained elevated. Conclusions: Since 5% of our Graves’ disease patients developed severe GO following radioiodine treatment, an association between radioiodine therapy and severe ophthalmopathy cannot be excluded. IL-6 and IL-2 concentrations remained elevated after glucocorticoid therapy. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (3): 214–219)
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: Diagnostics, treatment and psychosocial consequences

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong disease, characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two main phenotypes of IBD. In this thesis, several aspects of pediatric IBD are evaluated, including pathogenesis, diagnostics, treatment and psychosocial consequences.
Employment Growth in the American Urban Hierarchy: Long Live Distance

New information technologies and reductions in transportation costs have led pundits to pronounce the "death of distance. " These claims would suggest that distance is no longer a barrier to growth for remote areas and small urban centers. Despite extensive research on the localized effects of agglomeration, very few studies have empirically investigated the broader spillover effects of proximity and location in the urban system. This study attempts to fill this void using U.S. county level employment data. A primary innovation is that urban centers, from which distance is measured, are differentiated by their position within six tiers (rural plus 5 urban) of the American urban hierarchy. Net agglomeration economies can thus originate from multiple sources throughout the entire 360° span. Our findings indicate that proximity to higher-tiered urban centers continues to be an important positive determinant of local job growth, all the way from the smallest to largest urban centers.
Statistical properties of polarized radio sources at high frequency and their impact on CMB polarization measurements

We have studied the implications of high sensitivity polarization measurements of objects from the WMAP point source catalogue made using the VLA at 8.4, 22 and 43 GHz. The fractional polarization of sources is almost independent of frequency with a median of ~2 per cent and an average, for detected sources, of ~3.5 per cent. These values are also independent of the total intensity over the narrow range of intensity we sample. Using a contemporaneous sample of 105 sources detected at all 3 VLA frequencies, we have investigated the spectral behaviour as a function of frequency by means of a 2-colour diagram. Most sources have power-law spectra in total intensity, as expected. On the other hand they appear to be almost randomly distributed in the polarized intensity 2-colour diagram. This is compatible with the polarized spectra being much less smooth than those in intensity and we speculate on the physical origins of this. We have performed an analysis of the correlations between the fractional polarization and spectral indices including computation of the principal components. We find that there is little correlation between the fractional polarization and the intensity spectral indices. This is also the case when we include polarization measurements at 1.4 GHz from the NVSS. In addition we compute 45 rotation measures from polarization position angles which are compatible with a \lambda^2 law. We use our results to predict the level of point source confusion noise that contaminates CMB polarization measurements aimed at detecting primordial gravitational waves from inflation. We conclude that some level of source subtraction will be necessary to detect r~0.1 below 100 GHz and at all frequencies to detect r~0.01. We present estimates of the level of contamination expected and the number of sources which need to be subtracted as a function of the imposed cut flux density and frequency.