Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iterative MMSE-based soft MIMO detection with parallel interference cancellation

Minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based techniques are often used for the joint iterative detection and decoding that is for coded multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) system due to a sound complexity and the performance trade-off. This study proposes an enhanced MMSE-based soft MIMO-detection scheme by using three main ideas. The first idea is an efficient complexity-reduced soft-bit estimation technique, the second one is a performance improvement method utilised inside the MMSE detection process, and the third one is a complexity-reduced soft-symbol estimation method for quadrature amplitude modulation. The proposed ideas enable the interference-cancellation processes to be activated in parallel on each symbol layer, thereby reducing the processing time. The simulation results show that the proposed method efficiently contributes to the improvement of the performance in addition to its reduction of the linear-order complexity.
Limited Information and the Sustainability of Unlisted-Target Acquirers' Returns

Relaxed disclosure requirements of unlisted firms, as compared to publicly listed companies, lead to limited quality and quantity of information at bid announcements, causing difficulty in valuing gains from mergers. This raises the question: are the frequently reported superior announcement-period gains to unlisted-target acquirers sustainable in the long run? Our results for the UK show that unlisted-target acquirers gain on announcement, but suffer a substantial loss in the long run. This reversal in fortune of unlisted-target acquirers is in sharp contrast to the performance of listed-target acquirers in the UK. Therefore, short-run gains for unlisted-target acquirers may result from investors' excessive optimism when faced with limited and biased information. Copyright (c) 2009 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
SOCS Proteins: Negative Regulators of Cytokine Signaling

Cytokines regulate the growth and differentiation of cells by binding to cell‐surface receptors and activating intracellular signal transduction cascades such as the JAK‐STAT pathway. Cytokine signaling is negatively regulated with respect to both magnitude and duration, and it is now clear that the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins (SOCS1‐SOCS7 and CIS) contributes significantly to this process. Transcripts encoding CIS, SOCS1, SOCS2, and SOCS3 are upregulated in response to cytokine stimulation, and the corresponding SOCS proteins inhibit cytokine‐induced signaling pathways. SOCS proteins therefore form part of a classical negative feedback circuit. SOCS family members modulate signaling by several mechanisms, which include inactivation of the Janus kinases (JAKs), blocking access of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) to receptor binding sites, and ubiquitination of signaling proteins and their subsequent targeting to the proteasome. Gene targeting has been used to generate mice lacking socs1, socs2, or socs3, in order to elucidate the physiological function of these SOCS family members. The analysis of socs1−/– mice has revealed that SOCS1 plays a key role in the negative regulation of interferon‐γ signaling and in T cell differentiation. Socs2−/– mice are 30%‐40% larger than wild‐type mice, demonstrating that SOCS2 is a critical regulator of postnatal growth. Additionally, the study of embryos lacking socs3 has revealed that SOCS3 is an important regulator of fetal liver hematopoiesis. The biological role of other SOCS proteins remains to be determined.
Income Support and Stigma Effects for Young Australians

The central research question addressed in this article is how receipt of income support payments affects the well-being of youths. Using 1997-2004 panel data from a nationally representative survey of Australian youths, we attempt to estimate the size of the welfare stigma faced by Australian youths, where stigma is defined as the effect of welfare receipt on reported happiness levels. In analysing the determinants of happiness, we argue that it is important to control for dynamics and initial conditions. The latter arguably measures an initial setpoint of happiness which the psychology literature has found strong support for. In contrast to the general findings of the existence of a welfare stigma for adults, based on our results using dynamic panel probit models, our findings suggest that for Australian youths there is a small negative, but not statistically significant, stigma associated with welfare receipt. Copyright 2007 Bank of England.
Discovery of Intense Gamma-Ray Flashes of Atmospheric Origin

Detectors aboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory have observed an unexplained terrestrial phenomenon: brief, intense flashes of gamma rays. These flashes must originate in the atmosphere at altitudes above at least 30 kilometers in order to escape atmospheric absorption and reach the orbiting detectors. At least a dozen such events have been detected over the past 2 years. The photon spectra from the events are very hard (peaking in the high-energy portion of the spectrum) and are consistent with bremsstrahlung emission from energetic (million—electron volt) electrons. The most likely origin of these high-energy electrons, although speculative at this time, is a rare type of high-altitude electrical discharge above thunderstorm regions.
Mergers Under Uncertainty: The Effects of Debt Financing

In this paper, we consider a Cournot oligopoly with demand uncertainty, fixed costs and constant marginal costs. The demand uncertainty makes some mergers that would be unprofitable in a certain environment profitable in this model. However, socially advantageous mergers may be still unprofitable for the colluding firms, so public intervention may be needed. One possibility consists in subsidizing such mergers. However, the combination of limited liability debt financing and an appropriate antitrust policy leads to higher social welfare than subsidies. The reason is that, given the limited liability effect, merging parties compete more aggressively, so the reduction in market quantity is mitigated.
Gerenciamento de resultados e a relação com o custo da dívida das empresas brasileiras abertas

Sob a teoria de agencia e as premissas de gerenciamento de resultados, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a relacao entre o gerenciamento de resultados (GR) e o custo da divida (Ki) das empresas brasileiras abertas, no periodo de 1996 a 2007. Os pressupostos levantados, por meio da literatura existente, sao de que, almejando melhores condicoes contratuais, como o custo da divida, o custo atual ou passado motiva a empresa a gerenciar o resultado corrente para obter melhores condicoes de custo futuro ou corrente. Dessa forma, as empresas, intencionalmente, procurariam gerenciar seus resultados, motivadas pelo custo da divida. Todavia, ha apoio teorico para que a relacao entre essas variaveis seja unidirecional, com o GR influenciando o custo da divida, sustentando a segunda hipotese. Para chegar ao objetivo, o trabalho utilizou, como proxy de GR, o modelo para calculo dos accruals discricionarios proposto por Kang e Sivaramakrishnan (1995). As analises foram baseadas no teste nao-parametrico U de Mann-Whitney, seguidas do teste de especificacao de Hausman para a analise de simultaneidade, finalizando com a regressao com dados dispostos em painel com correcao de Newey-West. Os testes de media apontaram para uma relacao positiva entre GR e Ki, mas o teste de simultaneidade nao indicou haver inter-relacao entre as variaveis. Contudo, os resultados das regressoes em painel indicaram que o Ki nao influencia o GR, mas que ha uma relacao positiva, em que quanto maior o GR, maior o custo da divida, ou seja, este e influenciado por aquele.
The difference principle? shaping competitive advantage in the cultural product industries

Abstract. This article argues that due to the endless substitution possibilities open to consumers of cultural products, firms’ competitive advantage rests as much upon positionality and differentiation as upon traditional forms of intellectual property such as copyrights and trademarks. However, the construction of positionality and differentiation may entail geographies and milieus other than associated with product origination and creation. The article suggests that existing models of regional growth and innovation systems must, and can, be adapted to fit firms and sectors where competitiveness is not only based on traditional types of intellectual property (such as copyrights or patents) but also differential property (such as marketplace positionality). The idea of regional systems supportive of differentiation (and market positionality) means we must reappraise some of our notions of what constitute supportive regional conditions. To this end a revised version of the cluster model of regional competitive advantage is presented: one which attempts to be more tailored to industries where intellectual property and differentiation are the core products.
The development of a migratory disposition: explaining a new emigration.

Since the late 1990s migration from Ecuador has diversified with migrants now targeting a range of new destinations. By highlighting the recent immigration of non-Jewish undocumented migrants from Ecuador to Israel this article looks to discern not only a new trajectory but primarily a new type of migrant. Empirical findings point in the direction of an increased number of migrants who operate their migration largely from outside the realm of transnational networks. These migrants have no established connection in their destination and they thus also base their decision to migrate there upon very little information which is usually obtained from an acquaintance who had been there. It appears that these migrants make their decision to migrate in an individual and hasty manner. Often they do not deliberate their migration plans with their close family and household. Nonetheless once they have successfully operated their migration independently they then regularly serve as pioneers who encourage and facilitate the migration of their relatives and friends. In an attempt to provide a sociological explanation to the motivational structure and the more individualist migration pattern of this new type of migrant this article proposes the conceptualization of the migratory option as a disposition inculcated mainly in large segments of the Ecuadorian low-middle class. A migratory disposition is being formulated as people try to make sense of migration-related transformations in both the physical and the social context in which they are embedded. These transformations impinge on peoples economic and social perceptions of migration encouraging them to credibly view the possibility to operate migration in an independent fashion. Concurrently potential migrants increasingly consider transnational networks as structures characterized by high levels of connectivity and receptivity toward compatriots in migration destination. Potential migrants thus become audacious in their willingness to migrate alone and connect to the network once in destination. Ethnographic data demonstrate that in most cases this strategy of migrants has been proven effective. Focusing on this new type of migration can help explain the changing role of transnational networks in the decision-making process of potential migrants. It might also clarify the limited effect that restrictive migration policies directed to curb the extension of established transnational networks have had on the continuation of migration. (authors)
China's environmental governance of rapid industrialisation

Abstract China's state-dominated system of industrial pollution control has fallen short in mitigating the environmental impacts of rapid industrialisation. This article adopts a multi-actor governance framework to examine and understand the answers China is seeking for these failures, via establishing a new industrial environmental governance model. In this transformation process the role of China's environmental state has been changing along three parallel lines: modernising the existing environmental regulatory networks, decentralising environmental policy and capacity, and including market and civil society actors and institutions in environmental governance.
The importance of intellectual capital reporting: evidence and implications

Purpose – This paper has two purposes: to identify and explain the major forces that are causing the increasing need for operational reporting and intellectual capital (IC) reporting for European companies; and to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for operational and intellectual capital reporting if such reporting is to be meaningful for information users.Design/methodology/approach – The approach for this paper has been to examine relevant papers, reports, guidelines, compendiums, annual reports, opinions, submissions and legislation.Findings – Eight determining forces are identified that make the basis of the case for the provision of operating and IC information: the long‐standing global dominance and growth of the US economy; the emergence of business models other than the value chain (especially the emergence of network businesses); the changing nature of stock exchanges; the influence of different investment fund types (mutual, pension and hedge funds); the roles of buy‐side and sell.
Human Capital, Technology, and Economic Growth

This article investigated the impact of human capital and technology on economic growth in Nigeria. We employed annual time series data for the period of 35 years (1975-2010) and applied autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration to examine the relationship between human capital, technology, and economic growth. Two proxies of human capital (secondary and tertiary school enrollments) were used in two separate models. The cointegration result revealed that all the variables in the two separate models were cointegrated. Furthermore, the results of the two estimated models showed that human capital in form in secondary and tertiary school enrollments have had significant positive impact on economic growth. More so, technology also shows significant positive impact on economic growth. In a nutshell, both human capital and technology are important determinants of growth in Nigeria. Therefore, improvement of the educational sector and more funding for research and development (R&D) to encourage innovations are needed to facilitate Nigeria’s sustained economic growth.
A CROSS‐CULTURAL COMPARISON OF VALUE SYSTEMS OF EGYPTIANS, AMERICANS, AFRICANS AND ARAB EXECUTIVES

This study provides an empirical assessment comparing value systems of Egyptians (n=658), Americans (n=132), Africans (n=43), and Arabs (n=101). In addition, it investigates the value patterns of executives of these cultures making cross‐cultural comparisons across these four regions. The results are based on the responses of both terminal and instrumental values as defined by the Rokeach Value Survey. The analysis showed substantial differences exist among all four regions and between paired comparisons among the regions. The values of the Egyptian executives were least similar to American executives and to a lesser degree, African and Arabian executives on both instrumental and terminal values. In addition, African executives were most similar to Arabian and American executives on both instrumental and terminal values. Results as well as implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Assessing Diversity Among Latinos

This article provides a profile of a range of important variables for assessing diversity among different Latino groups from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). The NLAAS is a nationally representative study of the mental health needs and mental health services use of the Latino population of the United States. The NLAAS employs a stratified area probability sampling design. There are 2,554 respondents in the Latino portion of the NLAAS. The article demonstrates through a detailed presentation of a wide range of variables the diverse experiences of Latino groups in their encounters with U.S. culture. Language use and migration experiences show considerable variability within and across Latino groups and are promising areas for analysis of their mental health consequences.
Doing the Right Things or Doing Things Right? Paradoxes and Swedish Communication Professionals’ roles and mission

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the prevailing form of rationality that governs the challenges, goals and roles of communication professionals. The authors will also explore alternative forms of rationality and discuss what these would imply. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on survey results from The European Communication Monitor (ECM) and qualitative interviews with communication managers in Sweden. First, the authors present the ECM data and the Swedish interview material, i.e. the authors depict the practitioners’ perceptions of what they understand as important work tasks and roles. The interviews focus on the actual practices of linking communication goals to business goals. Second, the results are challenged from a reflexive perspective, using theories from the paradox turn and questioning the “taken-for-granted thinking” in corporate communications. Findings – The ECM data show that the main challenge in practice is “linking business strategy and communication. ” The Swedish respondents stand out when it comes to “building and maintaining trust” since this is considered to be almost as important. The qualitative interview study strengthens the results in the ECM. The interviewees seem to do their work according to the traditional management agenda – i.e. they break down overall business goals and translate these to measurable communication goals. The results are reflected upon using paradox theory. Two paradoxes are discussed: between managerialism and professionalism, and strategic generalists and operational specialists. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on survey data that have been collected through a convenience sample, and the interview study is a pilot study. Practical implications – The paper focuses conflicts between normative practitioner ideals and reality, and helps practitioners to reflect upon mainstream thinking. Originality/value – Based on the empirical findings in the ECM, the interviews and the theoretical framework, the authors conclude that if the idea of The Communicative Organization is to be fruitfully realized, it is necessary to depart from a multi-dimensional rationality and question ideas that are taken for granted. The use of paradox theory and concepts such as functional stupidity is rather original in corporate communication research. Additional research could further explore paradoxes in order to spark dialogue, which may undermine one-dimensional thinking and functional stupidity.
Evaluation of CDK12 Protein Expression as a Potential Novel Biomarker for DNA Damage Response–Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer

Disruption of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12) is known to lead to defects in DNA repair and sensitivity to platinum salts and PARP1/2 inhibitors. However, CDK12 has also been proposed as an oncogene in breast cancer. We therefore aimed to assess the frequency and distribution of CDK12 protein expression by IHC in independent cohorts of breast cancer and correlate this with outcome and genomic status. We found that 21% of primary unselected breast cancers were CDK12 high, and 10.5% were absent, by IHC. CDK12 positivity correlated with HER2 positivity but was not an independent predictor of breast cancer–specific survival taking HER2 status into account; however, absent CDK12 protein expression significantly correlated with a triple-negative phenotype. Interestingly, CDK12 protein absence was associated with reduced expression of a number of DDR proteins including ATR, Ku70/Ku80, PARP1, DNA-PK, and γH2AX, suggesting a novel mechanism of CDK12-associated DDR dysregulation in breast cancer. Our data suggest that diagnostic IHC quantification of CDK12 in breast cancer is feasible, with CDK12 absence possibly signifying defective DDR function. This may have important therapeutic implications, particularly for triple-negative breast cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 306–15. ©2017 AACR.
Measuring corporate entrepreneurship culture

Corporate entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship are behavioural and cultural patterns that can help companies to grow competitive changing environmental conditions. Literature on internal firm factors was used to develop the corporate entrepreneurship index (CESi) adaptive on the employee level. This study develops and assesses the index measuring organisational, culture-related and market-related factors that might influence the employees' abilities to intrapreneurial behaviour. Data were collected from a Swiss health insurance company with the biannual employee opinion survey covering 301 respondents. Based on factor analysis of 33 items, our empirical findings identified four key factors: 1) leadership quality and effectiveness; 2) cooperation, information and innovation; 3) product and market knowledge; 4) tasks and responsibility. The paper contributes to the literature with a new tool to measure the perception on all employees' level. From a practical perspective, the results indicate that the CESi delivers data to better understand the current strength of the corporate entrepreneurship (CE) culture to design effective interventions.
Bank Loan Announcements and Borrower Stock Returns: Does Bank Origin Matter?

Banks play a special role as providers of informative signals about the quality and value of their borrowers. Such signals, however, may have a quality of their own as the banks' selection and monitoring abilities may differ. Using an event study methodology, we study the importance of the geographical origin and organization of the banks for the investors' assessments of firms' credit quality and economic worth following loan announcements. Our sample comprises 986 announcements of bank loans to US firms over the period of 1980–2003. We find that investors react positively to such announcements if the loans are made by foreign or local banks, but not if the loans are made by banks that are located outside the firm's headquarters state. Investor reaction is, in fact, the largest when the bank is foreign. Our evidence suggest that investors value relationships with more competitive and skilled banks rather than banks that have easier access to private information about the firms. These results are applicable also to the European markets where regulatory and economic borders do not coincide and bank identities and reputation seem to matter a great deal.