Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domain adaptation for statistical machine translation and neural machine translation

Both Statistical Machine Translation and Neural Machine Translation (NMT) are data-dependent learning approaches to Machine Translation (MT). The prerequisite is a large volume of training data in order to generate good statistical models. However, even if large volume of training corpora are available for MT, ﬁnding training data which are similar to the speciﬁc domains is still difﬁcult. The MT models trained using the limited speciﬁc domain data cannot have sufﬁcient coverage on the linguistic phenomena in that domain, which makes this a very challenging task. Because word meanings, genres or topics differ between domains, using the additional data from other domains can increase the dissimilar- ities between the training and testing data, and result in reduced translation quality. Such a challenge is deﬁned as ‘domain adaptation’ challenge in the literature. In this thesis, we investigate domain adaptation in two different scenarios, namely a domain-awareness scenario and a domain-unawareness scenario. In a domain-awareness scenario, the domain information is given explicitly in the training data. We are interested in developing domain-adaptation techniques which transfer knowledge gained from the other domains to a desired domain. In the approach proposed here probabilistic values indicating the domain-likeness features for words are estimated by the context rather than by the words themselves. We then apply those features to the combined translation models in an MT system. We empirically show that translation quality can be signiﬁcantly improved compared with previous related work. We then turn our interest to the recently proposed neural network training. We describe a domain-adaptation approach which can exploit large pre-trained word vector models. We evaluate our approach on both language modelling and machine translation tasks to demonstrate its efﬁciency, effectiveness and ﬂexibility in a domain-awareness scenario. xiiIn a domain-unawareness scenario, the domain information is not given explicitly in the training data. The training data is heterogeneous, e.g. originated from tens or even hundreds of different resources without well-deﬁned domain labels. We overcome such a challenge by deriving the topic information from the training corpora using well-estimated topic modelling algorithms. In this scenario, we pay particular attention to the most recent NMT framework. We are concerning with making a better lexical choice and improving the overall translation quality. Experimentally, we show that our model can perform better lexical choice, improve the overall translation quality and reduce the number of unknown words.
Effectiveness of computer-assisted patient education on knowledge and perceived self efficacy of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Salalah , Oman

Introduction: The prevalence of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Oman was 8.4 per 1000 adults as per earlier records. Onset of RA implies lifelong process of adaptation in all domains of life and it can be improved through education. Patient education helps to increase knowledge and self management strategies by influencing their self efficacy.Objective: To describe how much patients know about their disease and what kind of self efficacy they have, also to evaluate the effectiveness of computerassisted patient education in terms of knowledge and self efficacy. Method: An evaluative, one group pre-testpost-test design was used. Data was collected from 76 RA patients who attend the Rheumatology polyclinic, Sultan Qaboos Hospital, Salalah, at baseline and after 30 days of teaching. Result: The mean pre-test score of PKQ was 10.16 ± 4.16; the subscale general knowledge of RA had a better mean 3.58 ± 1.70, than knowledge of drugs (1.74 ± 1.14). Fifty percentage of the sample had average knowledge and 48.6% poor knowledge. The mean pre-test self efficacy scores for pain, function and other symptoms were 4.60 ± 1.71, 4.99 ± 1.76, 4.81 ± 2 respectively. Post test score of knowledge was 21.69 ± 4.04 and self efficacy (total) 7.25 ± 1.46. Wilcoxonmatched pairs signedrank test showed that knowledge and self efficacy improved with patient education (Z= -7.44, p ˂ 0.0001, Z= -7.19, p ˂ 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Education helps patients to get accustomed to living with chronic diseases like RA. Patient focused education on self-management of RA is a neglected area. There is an urgent requirement to address this unmet need and optimize the general health of every person with RA. Effectiveness of computerassisted patient education on knowledge and perceived self efficacy of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Salalah, Oman
The Development of Football Basic Skill Learning Model

— this study was carried out based on the fact that there were optimal technique for student’s learning function which lead lecturers into the implementation of a scientific approach-based learning models, a model centered on the lecturer. The aim and objective of this research study is to develop an ASSURE design-based football learning model for students of POK FKIP UNS. This study made use of qualitative and quantitative approaches, as well as the research and development model. The second stage of this research study is the development of Adobe Flash Player-based media. Product evaluation by academics and football practitioners, obtained an average score of 72.38. Product testing was carried out in small and large groups, with small group comprising of 12 students and while the large group comprised of 54 students. Data was obtained by the use of questionnaires. The test results for the small group was 83.19% while that of the large group was 84.5%. The third stage was called product effectiveness test which compared two treatment groups using pretest and posttest design. The difference value of ball feeling test in the experiment group was 54,098%, while in the control group it was 46,279%. The value of the dribbling test in the experimental group was 31.858%, and 29.032% in the control group. The values of the graduation tests in the experimental and control group were 98.324%, and 95% respectively. The value of the shooting test in the experimental group was 73.810%, and the control group was 68.724%. It can be concluded that the product is effective and capable of improving the mastery of football basic skills and techniques on POK FKIP UNS students.
Promoting Globally Successful ( and Innovative ) SMEs : Strategies by Korean Firms to become Independent Global Specialists First draft : October 2010 This revision : May 2011

Earlier versions of the present paper were presented at the 2010 ASIALICS Conference held in Taipei, Taiwan, in April, and at the 2009 DIME workshop entitled, "Industrial Dynamics and Sectoral Systems in Developing Economies,‖ which was held in Milan. The authors would like to thank two referees, as well as Richard Nelson, Franco Malerba, Jorge Katz, Roberta Rabellotti, Youngbae Kim, Sung-Soo Seol, Kong-Rae Lee, Chang-Wook Kim, Jin Ho Yoon, Young-Mok Bae, Keonbeom Lee, and Young-Ryeol Park for their useful comments and discussion.
Pharmacological Treatment of Uterine Fibroids Prior to Surgery

Introduction: The uterine fibroid represents the most frequent benign tumor in women of reproductive age and the most frequent indication for hysterectomy worldwide. Sometimes medical treatment of uterine fibroids is desirable or necessary in order to improve the woman ́s clinical condition while surgical scheduling. In this review we assess the effect of pharmacological therapies on pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative clinical outcomes of patients having hysterectomy or myomectomy due to uterine fibroids. Method: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Pubmed, Wiley Online Library, the Cochrane Database, Directory of Open Access Journals and Google Scholar. Results: There is wide evidence that Gonadotropin Release Hormone-agonists, Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators and tranexamic acid reduce uterine bleeding, correct preoperative anemia, decrease fibroid size and reduce endometrial thickness and vascularization. They also improve patient ́s pre-surgical condition, enhance the visibility and reduce fluid absorption during operative hysteroscopy. Conclusion: Clinicians can expect an improvement of patient ́s clinical condition and fibroid parameters by a pharmacological therapy prior to myomectomy or hysterectomy. This medical therapy can improve the safety of the planned surgery, enhances the chance to follow guidelines and recommendations for myoma resection and vaginal hysterectomy, and permits patients to reach their preferences towards uterine preserving therapies.
The imprint of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions on Atlantic blue fi n tuna otoliths

a AZTI–Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain b MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany c Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA I.P.), Avenida 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305 Olhao, Portugal d Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Corazón de María 8, 28002 Madrid, Spain e Department of Life Science and Environment, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy f Environmental Isotope Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA g Faculty of Fisheries, Istanbul University, Ordu Cad. No 200, 34470, Laleli, Istanbul, Turkey h Federation of Maltese Aquaculture Producers, 54 St. Christopher Str. , Valletta, VLT 1462, Malta i Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 1001 Texas Clipper Road, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
The in fl uence of respiration on brainstem and cardiovagal response to auricular vagus nerve stimulation : A multimodal ultrahigh-fi eld ( 7 T ) fMRI study

Background: Brainstem-focused mechanisms supporting transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) effects are not well understood, particularly in humans. We employed ultrahigh field (7T) fMRI and evaluated the influence of respiratory phase for optimal targeting, applying our respiratory-gated auricular vagal afferent nerve stimulation (RAVANS) technique. Hypothesis: We proposed that targeting of nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and cardiovagal modulation in response to taVNS stimuli would be enhanced when stimulation is delivered during a more receptive state, i.e. exhalation. Methods: Brainstem fMRI response to auricular taVNS (cymba conchae) was assessed for stimulation delivered during exhalation (eRAVANS) or inhalation (iRAVANS), while exhalation-gated stimulation over the greater auricular nerve (GANctrl, i.e. earlobe) was included as control. Furthermore, we evaluated cardiovagal response to stimulation by calculating instantaneous HF-HRV from cardiac data recorded during fMRI. Results: Our findings demonstrated that eRAVANS evoked fMRI signal increase in ipsilateral pontomedullary junction in a cluster including purported NTS. Brainstem response to GANctrl localized a partially-overlapping cluster, more ventrolateral, consistent with spinal trigeminal nucleus. A region-ofinterest analysis also found eRAVANS activation in monoaminergic source nuclei including locus coeruleus (LC, noradrenergic) and both dorsal and median raphe (serotonergic) nuclei. Response to eRAVANS was significantly greater than iRAVANS for all nuclei, and greater than GANctrl in LC and raphe nuclei. Furthermore, eRAVANS, but not iRAVANS, enhanced cardiovagal modulation, confirming enhanced eRAVANS response on both central and peripheral neurophysiological levels. Conclusion: 7T fMRI localized brainstem response to taVNS, linked such response with autonomic outflow, and demonstrated that taVNS applied during exhalation enhanced NTS targeting. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. nter for Biomedical Imaging, ital, Harvard Medical School,
Using Instructional Video to Improve Awareness of Scientific Approach in Science Classroom.

Instructional videos have been developed to engage pre-service teachers to learn how to teach scientific approach in science classroom. This study aimed to improve preservice teachers’ awareness of scientific approach in science classroom through instructional video along with their responses. Thirty two pre-service science teachers from Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, participated in this study and observed two different instructional videos using video-analysis worksheet supplemented by the supervisor. In response to the instructional video, results showed that pre-service teachers noticed well about application of scientific approach in inquiry-based teaching and cooperative learning models. Pre-service teachers also showed positive views about the instructional videos and became a reflection for their own future teaching actions and practices. Supplementation of the video-analysis worksheet during the implementation and peer-discussion among preservice teachers can be used to improve pre-service teachers’ awareness as well as to provide clear exemplary about how to integrate scientific approach at each phase of inquiry-based teaching and cooperative learning models. This study implies that the present instructional videos and followed-up video-analysis task are adequate to facilitate pre-service teachers to understand what to do in actual classroom in terms of applying scientific approach as envisioned by Indonesia curriculum reform.
Detection of a Random Sequence of Disorders ∗

A random sequence having segments being the homogeneous Markov processes is registered. Each segment has his own transition probability law and the length of the segment is unknown and random. The transition probabilities of each process are known and a priori distribution of the disorder moment is given. The former research on such problem has been devoted to various questions concerning the distribution changes when more than one homogeneous segment is expected. The detection of the disorder rarely is precise. The decision maker accepts some deviation in estimation of the disorder moment. In the models taken into account the aim is to indicate the change point with fixed, bounded error with maximal probability. The case with various precision for over and under estimation of this point is analysed. The case when the disorder does not appears with positive probability is also included. The observed sequence, when the change point is known, has the Markovian properties. The results insignificantly extends range of application, explain the structure of optimal detector in various circumstances and shows new details of the solution construction. The motivation for this investigation is the modelling of the attacks in the node of networks. The objectives is to detect one of the attack immediately or in very short time before or after it appearance with highest probability. The problem is reformulated to optimal stopping of the observed sequences. The detailed analysis of the problem is presented to show the form of optimal decision function. AMS 2010 subject classifications: Primary 60G40, ; secondary 60K99; 90D60.
Plant growth and fruiting behavior of newly introduced plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl . ) cultivars under mid-hills conditions of Himachal Pradesh

Santa Rosa is the predominant plum cultivar grown over 90 percent of the total area under plum cultivation in Himachal Pradesh and the predominance of single cultivar leads to monoculture like situation and create gluts in the market and the farmers do not get remunerative prices for their produce. To meet ever-changing consumer preferences and spread of harvest season, there is a need for varietal diversification with genetically improved cultivars. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with five replications of each cultivar planted at a spacing of 5 x 5 m during 2015. Observations were recorded in respect of tree vigour and fruiting parameters of fruits. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the cultivars for all the characters under study. Maximum tree vigour was recorded in 'Shiro' with respect to tree spread, tree volume, annual shoot growth and pruning weight. Maximum tree height (3.98 m), leaf area (18.36 cm), earliest bud burst (7 February) and flowering (13 February) was observed in Red Beaut cultivar. Maximum duration of flowering (16 days) was recorded in 'Red Beaut' while minimum (12 days) in 'Shiro'. The highest fruit set (24.08 %), fruit retention (34.89 %), yield (7.30 kg/tree) and minimum fruit drop was recorded in ' Shiro'. Harvest date was recorded to be earliest (29 May) in Red Beaut cultivar with shortest duration of 96 days for maturity. Cultivar 'Frontier' was recorded the maximum fruit size, weight, volume and pulp to stone ratio were found highly desirable in 'Black Amber' and all these fruit quality attributes were in close proximity to 'Duarte'. From the present investigations it can be concluded that out of newly introduced cultivars, 'Black Amber' and 'Duarte' may be suggested for cultivation in mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh and can provide alternative to change the monotony of 'Santa Rosa' in order to stretch the harvest season, fulfill consumer ever-changing taste and better remuneration to the growers. These studies on different cultivars may be continued further at different locations prior to recommendation for commercial cultivation in sub-temperate and mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
INTEREST IN BIOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ANIMAL SPECIES DIVERSITY ON DIFFERENT CONTINENTS

Preschool and primary school learners’ knowledge about animal diversity on different continents was examined in relation to their interest in biology. Altogether, 198 young learners from Slovenia, aged 5 to 12, were interviewed. The study findings show that participants have relatively high interest in biology, but no significant correlations were found between their interest and the total number of known species, neither for the number of known species on any of the continents. Results show significant positive correlation between learners’ interest in biology and knowledge about bird species diversity and no correlations between learners’ interest and other groups of animals. Older learners named more animal species than younger ones. There were no gender or age differences in their interest in biology.
An End User's Model for Communications Technologies in The Twenty First Century

This paper presents an end user's model for understanding the use of communications technology or media in the 21st century. The rapid advancement of communications technologies like Email, Group Decision Support System and Video Conferencing are not being taken advantage of today. A model is presented and then explained in terms of the existing technology. A review of the literamre is provided at each step of the way. A table summarizes the information reviewed.
Effects of Induced Haemorrhage on Thermoregulation , Blood Constituents and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus )

Background and Objectives: Haemorrhage is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity of mother and foetus. Pregnancy is associated with changes which may influence responses to bleeding. This study was designed to examine the influence of controlled haemorrhage and compare thermoregulation and haematological and biochemical parameters in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits. Materials and Methods: Twelve pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits, 6 in each group, were used in the studies. Both groups of animals were subjected to 20% haemorrhage of total blood volume on gestation day 21. The rectal temperature (Tr), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were monitored for 2 days following bleeding. Blood samples were collected at 24 hrs before induction of Original Research Article Sukar et al.; JALSI, 20(1): 1-15, 2019; Article no.JALSI. 47392 2 bleeding and then after bleeding at 30 min, 24 hrs and 48 hrs. The samples were used for measurements of haematological parameters; coagulation profile, arterial blood gases and serum electrolytes. Results: The general trend indicates lower Tr values in pregnant rabbits at 30 min posthaemorrhage. The values of RR and HR were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher in pregnant and nonpregnant animals at 24 hrs post-haemorrhage. The pregnant rabbits showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in platelets count at 24 hrs post-haemorrhage compared to the nonpregnant values. In pregnant rabbits, haemorrhage was associated with significant increase in PT. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was significantly (P≤ 0.01) prolonged at 24 hrs posthaemorrhage in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits was significantly (P≤ 0.01) increased at 24hrs and 48 hrs posthaemorrhage. The partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) decreased significantly (P≤0.01) at 30 min post-haemorrhage in pregnant rabbits. There was a slight increase in Na and Ca levels in pregnant rabbits’ post-haemorrhage. Haemorrhage in rabbits was associated with significant decreases in plasma osmolality in pregnant rabbits. Conclusion: Pregnancy induces modifications in some physiological responses to haemorrhage. The information generated could be used in monitoring maternal health during pregnancy and risks of changes associated with haemorrhage in mammals.
Locomotion of New World monkeys : Interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors

The diversity of locomotor modes encountered in primates suggests a continuous interaction of intrinsic factors related to morphology (e.g., body weight, diet, locomotor modes) with extrinsic ones related to habitat structure (e.g., forest architecture, spatio-temporal distribution of resources, structural properties of available branches). This diversity offers solutions to problems imposed by the surrounding milieu and largely contributes to the evolution of adaptive niches in primates, and most particularly in New World platyrrhines. This report treats first-hand locomotionassociated data collected by first encounter and 20-sec instantaneous sampling in two forests in French Guiana and Ecuador. The matrix of recorded factors, including body weight, concerning thirteen different platyrrhine species was subjected to cluster analyses in order to assess the interaction between some intrinsic and extrinsic factors in platyrrhines. When the different species were treated as variables, atelines and pitheciines were clustered together supporting the atelid clade. Cebuella was always at the base of every cluster diagram, while Callicebus was always associated with the Cebinae and Callitrichinae. When the different factors were used as variables, all cluster diagrams produced two more or less consistent clusters. Mature forest, canopy use, and frugivory clustered together. This group of factors appears to best illustrate the adaptive niche of the Atelinae. Adresse de correspondance : Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Biology, Department of Zoology, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece (e-mail: dyoul@bio. auth. gr) On the other hand, anidivory, leaping, and understorey use were also grouped together. usually accompanied by a cluster formed by liana forest use, liana use, and the use of vertical supports. This array of factors seems to best describe the adaptive radiation of the Callitrichinae. The cluster analyses suggest complex relations between the different locomotor-associated intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that determine the major adaptive radiations in platyrrhines . Mots cl&s : platyrxhiniens, analyse en "clusters0, locornotion, rkgime dirnentaire, habitat.