Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proposition structure in framed decision problems: A formal representation.

Framing effects, which may induce decision-makers to demonstrate preference description invariance violation for logically equivalent options varying in semantic emphasis, are an economically significant decision bias and an active area of research. Framing is an issue inter alia for the way in which options are presented in stated-choice studies where (often inadvertent) semantic emphasis may impact on preference responses. While research into both espoused preference effects and its cognitive substrate is highly active, interpretation and explanation of preference anomalies is beset by variation in the underlying structure of problems and latitude for decision-maker elaboration. A formal, general scheme for making transparent the parameter and proposition structure of framed decision stimuli is described. Interpretive and cognitive explanations for framing effects are reviewed. The formalism’s potential for describing extant, generating new stimulus tasks, detailing decision-maker task elaboration. The approach also provides a means of formalising stated-choice response stimuli and provides a metric of decision stimuli complexity. An immediate application is in the structuring of stated-choice test instruments.
STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF HEPATITIS B (HBV) ANDHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) - THEIR RELATION TO BLOOD GROUPS AND RHESUS (RH) FACTOR IN GUNTUR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

HBV and HIV infections are the most prevalent viral infections spreading in Indian population. In the present study, the distribution of HIV and HBV infection were examined in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. The data for the present study was collected from five hundred forty one and four hundred eighty eight individuals who underwent HIV and HBV test respectively are scripted in this research as materials. In continuation, the frequency of distribution of both HIV and HBV infection in various blood groups and Rh factor were also tested.The blood samples from infected individuals were used for examining the intensity of infection. Female individuals showed more HIV infection in comparison with male individuals, on the other hand, maximum HBV infections was found in males.In both cases, the infections were reported from rural residence place. 43.71% of HIV infection was reported at the age groups of 22 to 44 in female whereas 50.0% of infection in male had found at age groups of 21 years. The study was performed based on presence of Rh and ABO blood groups which could be used as an index for studying prevalence of infection. The highest prevalence of HIV and HBV infectionwere found in individuals with blood group O and Rh positive.
High pressure sulphuric acid leaching of lateritic nickel ore

In this study, the effects of acid/ore ratio (0.1-0.6 g H2SO4/g dry ore), leaching temperature (200–240 °C) and leaching time (30–120 minutes) on the high pressure sulphuric acid leaching of a lateritic nickel ore sample having 1.37% Ni, 0.076% Co and 47.72% Fe2O3 were investigated. The leaching experiments showed that the increase of leaching temperature and leaching time increased continuously the amount of dissolved Ni and Co, and decreased continuously the amount of dissolved Fe from the lateritic nickel ore sample. With the increase of acid/ore ratio, dissolution ratio values of Ni and Co increased up to acid/ore ratio of 0.3, and above 0.3, lower dissolution ratio values were obtained. Although leach residues obtained after leaching at acid/ore ratio of 0.3 contained mainly hematite, quartz and anhydrite, the use of higher amounts of acid (e.g. 0.6) caused the formation of basic ferric sulphate, verified by the sulphur contents and the X-ray diffraction patterns of leach residues. The dissolution ratio values of 86.4%, 92.8%, 95.1% and 96.6% Ni were obtained after 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes of leaching, respectively, at acid/ore ratio of 0.3 and leaching temperature of 240 °C. In this study, the leaching behaviours of Mg, Ca, Mn, Al and Cr were also determined.
Analysis of TBBP-A and HBCD in peregine falcon eggs

The brominated flame retardants (BFRs) tetrabromobisphenyl-A (TBBP-A) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are widely used in Europe and may be transported to northern regions by long range transport, as has been modelled for other BFRs [Wania and Dugania, 2003] or via bird migration from southern source areas [Lindberg et al. 2003]. Due to their physicalchemical properties, these chemicals have the potential to bioaccumulate and cause toxicity in exposed organisms. Biomagnification of TBBP-A and HBCD in the food chain puts predators high in the chain, such as the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), at increased risk of exposure and accumulation. Recent studies have demonstrated substantial levels of different flame retardants, including HBCD, in eggs of Swedish populations of F. peregrinus [Lindberg et al., 'Research ASAP'] and guillemot (Uria algae) eggs collected over the last three decades [Sellstrom et al., 2003]. The objective of the present study was to analyse concentrations of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A) in 34 peregrine falcon eggs collected in Greenland from 1986 to 2003.
Study On Dividend Policy in Indonesian Capital Market

This research aims to test dividend signaling theory in an Indonesian capital market. Signaling theory states that dividend policy has information content that can influence to share price. Examination of theory of signaling is related to research phenomena in other countries indicating that by percentage there is degradation of company which is pay dividend and there even exist mentioning this as phenomenon of disappearing dividend. Examination of theory of signaling is also related to the research result showing the existence or inexistence of the influence of dividend policy to share price. Besides, in this research is also conducted by examination of agency theory. This research of agency theory tests the influence of: (1) Free Cash Flow to share price, (2) Structure of Ownership to share price, and (3) Structure of ownership to dividend policy. This research also tests life cycle theory, seen influence of cycle of company life to dividend policy. Companies which enter in growth phase tend not to pay a lot of dividend, compared to company at matured step. This research use quantitative approach by using method of path analysis. This research use samples in the form of company allocating dividend for period 1995-2005 which listed on PT Jakarta Stock Exchange. Final samples which are utilized in this research are equal to 1052 year observation. This research also tests sensitivity, widened time of even from 1 day at especial model, becoming 5 and 10 day. Besides test of sensitivity is also conducted changed approach of market model become mean adjusted model in determining expected return. Research finding indicates that signaling theory still relevant in influencing movement of share price. Besides, research finding also supports agency theory told by Jensen in seeing influence of free cash flow to share price. For the influence of structure of ownership to share price, the result supports entrenchment argument. While influence of structure of ownership to dividend policy found by result which do not support agency theory. Life Cycle theory in this research is obtained by result which is research confirmation before all, where there are influence of cycle step of company life to dividend policy.
Effect of applied currents to growth in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) tissue cultures

Abstract Thavarungkul, P. 1 and Kanchanapoom, K. 2 Effect of applied currents to growth inoil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) tissue cultures Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. , 2002, 24(2) : 283-291 External currents of ± 2 µA were applied to the calluses of oil palm in three different culture mediumrecipes containing different growth substances and the effects of the current were investigated. The threemedia were medium for callus growth, embryogenetic medium, and organogenetic medium. The stimulationof callus growth was found for both directions of current in one unit of experiments where the embryogeneticculture medium contained NAA. In other cases the use of current seemed to have no significant stimulationeffect. The mechanism by which the current may cause the alignment of the cells to promote polar transportof NAA which then increase growth and the relationship of these findings to earlier reports of the stimulationof growth in tobacco callus cultures is discussed. Key words :
Analytical and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Refuse Compost-Derived Humic Substances

Animal manure composts contain a substantial amount of organic matter, subse- quently containing a significant amount of humic substances. In this study, we investigated the yields of refuse compost-derived humic substances and their analytical and spectroscopic charac- teristics. The humic acid (HA) and fulvic acids (FAs) of humic substances were extracted from refuse compost and purified. The composition of humic substances were determined by elemen- tal analysis and that of functional groups by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning (CPMAS 13 C NMR). Elemental analysis indicates that C and N contents of HA surpass those of FAs. However, total functional group acidities of FAs were much greater than that of HA. Both FTIR and 13 C NMR spectra indicate that carboxyl contents of FAs surpass that of HA. The characteristics of compost-derived humic substances affects their reactions with metals es- pecially heavy metals, which in turn affects the mobility and biotoxicities of heavy metals in soil and the associated environments.
Parallel efficient method of moments exploiting graphics processing units

In this article we adopt the graphical processing units as a low‐cost and efficient solution of challenging electromagnetic numerical problems. Based on the compute unified device architecture, an optimized method of moments algorithm has been implemented which adopts direct solvers based on LU decomposition. Numerical results obtained on the practical case of a patch antenna analysis demonstrate the high performance of the approach. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2568–2572, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25534
Impact of a 30% reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning during 2009–2010

Abstract. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation comprises warm upper waters flowing northward, becoming colder and denser until they form deep water in the Labrador and Nordic Seas that then returns southward through the North and South Atlantic. The ocean heat transport associated with this circulation is 1.3 PW, accounting for 25% of the maximum combined atmosphere–ocean heat transport necessary to balance the Earth's radiation budget. We have been monitoring the circulation at 25° N since 2004. A 30% slowdown in the circulation for 14 months during 2009–2010 reduced northward ocean heat transport across 25° N by 0.4 PW and resulted in colder upper ocean waters north of 25° N and warmer waters south of 25° N. The spatial pattern of upper ocean temperature anomalies helped push the wintertime circulation 2010–2011 into record-low negative NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) conditions with accompanying severe winter conditions over northwestern Europe. The warmer temperatures south of 25° N contributed to the high intensity hurricane season in summer 2010.
Global response of the terrestrial biosphere to CO2 and climate change using a coupled climate‐carbon cycle model

We study the response of the land biosphere to climate change by coupling a climate general circulation model to a global carbon cycle model. This coupled model was forced by observed CO2 emissions for the 1860–1990 period and by the IPCC SRES‐A2 emission scenario for the 1991–2100 period. During the historical period, our simulated Net Primary Production (NPP) and net land uptake (NEP) are comparable to the observations in term of trend and variability. By the end of the 21st century, we show that the global NEP is reduced by 56% due to the climate change. In the tropics, increasing temperature, through an increase of evapotranspiration, acts to reduce the soil water content, which leads to a 80% reduction of net land CO2 uptake. As a consequence, tropical carbon storage saturates by the end of the simulation, some regions becoming sources of CO2. On the contrary, in northern high latitudes, increasing temperature stimulates the land biosphere by lengthening the growing season by about 18 days by 2100 which in turn leads to a NEP increase of 11%. Overall, the negative climate impact in the tropics is much larger than the positive impact simulated in the extratropics, therefore, climate change reduce the global land carbon uptake. This constitutes a positive feedback in the climate‐carbon cycle system.
Time perspective and mental health continuum: What are the time perspective profiles of flourishing, moderately mentally healthy, and languishing individuals?

Time perspective (TP) refers to individuals’ ways of constructing, reconstructing, and relating the psychological concepts of past, present, and future, and provides individuals with a coherence of experiences over time. In the present study, the relationships among five TPs (past negative, past positive, present fatalistic, present hedonistic, and future) were studied in a student sample (N = 280) using a person-oriented approach, as well as their relationships with continuous measures of emotional, psychological, and social well-being and three categories on the mental health continuum (flourishing, moderately mentally healthy, and languishing). A cluster analysis resulted in seven TP profiles, including balanced, present hedonistic, risk-taking, negative, diffuse/future-oriented, present-oriented, and diffuse. Individuals with the balanced profile (high scores for past positive and future and low scores for past negative and present fatalistic, along with below-average scores for present hedonistic) reported the highest levels of well-being, while individuals with the negative TP profile (very low past positive, low present hedonistic and future, high past negative, and above-average present fatalistic) reported the lowest levels of well-being. The results also showed that flourishing individuals tended to have the balanced TP profile while languishing individuals tended to have the negative TP profile more often than could be expected by chance. Moderately mentally healthy individuals had rather diverse TP profiles.
The effect of wheat straw bleaching on some mechanical properties of wheat straw/LDPE biocomposites

Using biocomposites containing wheat straw (WS) and synthetic polymers like polyethylene (PE) has gained tremendous popularity, but its application in the packaging industry is not substantial. Due to the prevalence of raw WS color which manifests itself in the WS/LDPE biocomposite, the present investigation is dedicated to fabricate a bleached WS/LDPE composite. Thus, raw WS and the pulp of WS were treated with three levels of xylanase, five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and five levels of sodium dithionite. The bleached raw WS and its pulp were used to fabricate WS/LDPE composites and their colorimetric properties were measured using L*, a*, and b* coordinates. The results indicated that "bleached raw WS with 4% H2O2" and "bleached WS pulp with 10 units of xylanase and by addition of 1% H2O2" demonstrate the highest degree of lightness based on L* value. Then, 40% of above mentioned treatments were blended with LDPE to develop a biocomposite using a twin screw extruder. Further, lightness index and the mechanical properties of the final composites were measured. Results indicated that the composites containing unbleached raw WS had the lowest and the bleached WS pulp with 10 unites of xylanase and 1% H2O2 had the highest L value amongst all treatments. Also the raw WS/LDPE and the bleached raw WS/LDPE composites had the highest and the lowest tensile strength, respectively. It needs to be mentioned that the flexural strength of all treatments was higher than the control, whereas the impact resistance of them was lower than the control.
Water quality and thermal regime of the Motueka River: Influences of land cover, geology and position in the catchment

Abstract We examined the effects of land use, geology, and longitudinal position within the river network on water quality and thermal regime at 23 sites within the Motueka River catchment. The concentrations of suspended solids, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter were higher at sites draining pastoral and horticultural land than in similar‐sized native or plantation forest streams. Average daily mean temperature and minimum temperature in summer and maximum winter temperature were higher in unshaded pastoral and horticultural streams than at native forest sites. Differences in water quality and thermal regime were also observed among sites with contrasting geology. Conductivity, pH, and minimum winter temperatures were highest at sites draining marble terrain. In contrast, longitudinal patterns in water quality and temperature regime along the 120‐km length of the river were relatively weak, although longitudinal patterns in amplitude of daily temperature fluctuation matched theoretical predictions. In this study, differences in land use appeared to have the strongest influence on most water quality and thermal variables examined. However, geology was an important factor explaining variation in certain variables (e.g., pH and conductivity). Longitudinal patterns in water quality and temperature were relatively weak and in many instances were linked with longitudinal patterns in land use and geology rather than catchment location alone.
A Study on Risk Factors of Stroke

Context: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) prevalence is increasing in India day by day. Stroke is one of the NCDs which is commonly encountered in hospitals. It may be due to an inadequate blood supply to part of the brain as a result of low blood flow, thrombosis or embolism, or spontaneous haemorrhage into the brain substance or spontaneous haemorrhage over brain substance. Aims: To determine the risk factors of stroke and its relation with the type of stroke. Materials and method: It is a Cross-sectional study done on 200 cases of stroke and 200 control groups. Controls are chosen by simple random sampling. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Analysis was done using Chi-square test, ttest and Fisher exact test. Ethical issue: Ethical approval was taken from the institutional ethics committee before starting the study. Results: Stroke is more common in males and among people above 60 years of age. Nonemployed and government employee had high risk of stroke. Smoking, hypertension and alcohol consumption are important risk factors of stroke in this study. Haemorrhagic stroke is more common than infarct and with more chance of mortality. Smoking and hypertension is common among haemorrhagic stroke patients but diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia is common among infarct patients. Conclusion: Modifiable risk factors are common in stroke patients.
Šúr, a former late-glacial and Holocene lake at the westernmostmargin of the Carpathians

There is a unique palaeolimnological record of the late-glacial and Holocene periods in the former lake Sur near Bratislava in western Slovakia. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the development of the environment in the locality of the lake, including the gradual infilling of the lake. We reconstructed the development of the lake environment by combining results of a geochemical analysis with analyses of diatoms and plant macrofossils. We also carried out a pollen analysis to assess the changes in the surrounding terrestrial vegetation. The results reveal how the character of the lake has changed over time. At the peak of the glacial period, water flowed through the lake and deposited sand there. Later on the flowofwater through the lake ceased and a vast oligotrophic lake developed. During the Holocene, the lake gradually became eutrophic. The pollen record contains evidence of the occurrence of woody species of broad-leaved forest in the late-glacial period in the Carpathians and of the expansion of mixed forests of Fagus and Carpinus in the Holocene around 4500 BP. The development of the vegetation in the locality of lake Sur is more similar to that at localities in Hungary than those situated north and west of the Western Carpathians.
On the relationship between magnetic cloud field polarity and geoeffectiveness

Abstract. In this paper, we have investigated geoeffectivity of near-Earth magnetic clouds during two periods concentrated around the last two solar minima. The studied magnetic clouds were categorised according to the behaviour of the Z-component of the interplanetary magnetic field (BZ) into bipolar (BZ changes sign) and unipolar (BZ maintains its sign) clouds. The magnetic structure of bipolar clouds followed the solar cycle rule deduced from observations over three previous solar cycles, except during the early rising phase of cycle 24 when both BZ polarities were identified almost with the same frequency. We found a clear difference in the number of unipolar clouds whose axial field points south (S-type) between our two study periods. In particular, it seems that the lack of S-type unipolar clouds contributed to relatively low geomagnetic activity in the early rising phase of cycle 24. We estimated the level of magnetospheric activity using a Dst prediction formula with the measured BZ and by reversing the sign of BZ. We found that bipolar clouds with fields rotating south-to-north (SN) and north-to-south (NS) were equally geoeffective, but their geoeffectiveness was clearly modified by the ambient solar wind structure. Geoeffectivity of NS-polarity clouds was enhanced when they were followed by a higher-speed solar wind, while the majority of geoeffective SN-polarity clouds lacked the trailing faster wind. A leading shock increased the geoeffectiveness of both NS- and SN-polarity clouds, in particular, in the case of an intense storm. We found that in 1995–1998, SN-polarity clouds were more geoeffective, while in 2006–2011 NS-polarity clouds produced more storms. A considerably larger fraction of events were trailed by a higher-speed solar wind during our latter study period, which presumably increased geoeffectivity of NS-polarity. Thus, our study demonstrates that during low and moderate solar activity, geoeffectivity of opposite polarity bipolar clouds may depend significantly on the surrounding solar wind structure. In addition, different polarities also give different temporal storm evolutions: a storm from an SN-polarity cloud is expected to occur, on average, half-a-day earlier than a storm from an NS-polarity cloud.
Galois Covers with Prescribed Fibers: the Beckmann-Black Problem

The Beckmann-Black problem asks whether every Galois extension E/K is the specialization of a Galois branched cover of I~1 defined over K with the same Galois group. E. Black conjectures this is indeed always possible. We give three results about this conjecture. The first one is that it implies the Regular Inverse Galois Problem. The second one considers a "mere" form of the problem which requires that the realizing Galois cover be defined over K only as mere cover (i.e., without the Galois action). This mere form is shown to hold if K contains an ample field, e.g. K contains a complete valued field. Our last result is a proof of the original Beckmann-Black condition in the case K is a PAC field.