Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urinary Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis: Relation with Urodynamic Findings and Impact on Patient’s Quality of Life

Objective: We aimed to investigate the correlations of urinary symptoms with urodynamic findings in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their effects on quality of life. Methods: Nineteen MS patients with urinary symptoms were included. The data were obtained from files or with face-to-face interviews. Symptom types of patients were categorized as irritative, obstructive, and mixed. The Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, the King’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (KQL) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Short Form were used to determine the effect of urinary symptoms on quality of life. The Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to assess disability. All patients underwent urodynamic examination. Results: The most frequent finding in urodynamic testing was detrusor overactivity (57.9%) while 26.3% had normal urodynamics. EDSS score did not correlate with urinary symptoms or urodynamic findings; it correlated only with the “Role limitation” subscale of the quality of life scales. While there was no relationship between symptom type and quality of life, the rate of detection of pathological findings on urodynamic examination and the bladder capacity in patients with mixed-type symptoms were significantly higher than the patients with irritative symptoms (p<0.05). The ‘’Emotions’’ and ‘’Sleep/Energy’’ subscale scores of the KQL were significantly higher in patients with abnormal urodynamic test compared with those without urodynamic pathology. Conclusion: The urinary symptoms significantly affect the quality of life in MS patients. Since symptoms do not always correlate with the underlying pathology, it is more appropriate to give the treatment based on the bladder type in urodynamic testing.
Affordability of fruits and vegetables in Ethiopia

As in many other low-income countries, fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is very low in Ethiopia. Consequently, micronutrient deficiencies, such as for Vitamin A, are widespread, and more than half of young Ethiopian children suffer from anemia. Efforts to increase FV consumption in Ethiopia have focused on improving consumer knowledge of the health benefits of FV and other nutritious foods. While these interventions have been successful in improving knowledge and ultimately improving dietary diversity, diets remain extremely monotonous across the country. Recent international research in this area suggest that high relative prices of FVs could be another important constraint. To shed more light on this issue, we assess the affordability of FVs in Ethiopia. Using expenditure and price data collected by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia, we find that the average Ethiopian household would have to spend 11 percent of their income to meet the international recommendation of two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables per person per day. This share is more than 2.5 times higher for households in the poorest quintile, indicating that meeting these guidelines is currently out of reach for the poorest households in Ethiopia. More investments and research attention to the production of fruits and vegetables is urgently needed to improve supplies and, hence, their affordability.
Binge-watching Serialized Video Content: A Transdisciplinary Review

Binge watching serialized video content is a phenomenon that has triggered interest from diverse research fields. Despite the progress researchers have made across different areas, a grounded conceptualization and definition of binge watching is still lacking. In this article, we conduct a transdisciplinary literature review to identify continuity and viewer autonomy as the two fundamental attributes underlying binge watching. Then, using these attributes as conceptual anchors, we offer a convergent definition and categorize the existing binge-watching definitions in the literature. The results of this categorization reveal that the vast majority of the definitions used in the literature fail to distinguish binge watching from other viewing practices such as casual viewing, single-episode appointments, and marathon appointments. We discuss the implications and, to move the binge-watching research forward, conclude with recommendations and an agenda for future research.
Performance Optimization With Energy Packets

We investigate how the flow of energy and the flow of jobs in a service system can be used to minimize the average response time to jobs that arrive according to random arrival processes at the servers. An interconnected system of workstations (WSs) and energy storage (ES) units that are fed with randomly arriving harvested energy is analyzed by means of the energy packet network (EPN) model. The system state is discretized and uses discrete units to represent the backlog of jobs at the WSs and the amount of energy that is available at the ES units. An energy packet (EP), which is the unit of energy, can be used to process one or more jobs at a WS, and an EP can also be expended to move a job from one WS to another one. The system is modeled as a probabilistic network that has a product-form solution for the equilibrium probability distribution of system state. The EPN model is used to solve two problems related to using the flow of energy and jobs in a multiserver system, so as to minimize the average response time experienced by the jobs that arrive at the system.
Accurate Computation of Airfoil Flow Based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is an important numerical algorithm for computational fluid dynamics. This study designs a two-layer parallel model for the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer SW26010 many-core processor, which implements LBM algorithms and performs optimization. Numerical experiments with different problem sizes proved that the proposed model has better parallel performance and scalability than before. In this study, we performed numerical simulations of the flows around the two-dimensional (2D) NACA0012 airfoil, and the results of a series of flows around the different angles of attack were obtained. The results of the pressure coefficient and lift coefficient were in good agreement with those in the literature.
Towards a Generic Framework for Black-box Explanation Methods (Extended Version)

The main goal of this paper is to define a generic framework for black-box explanation methods in order to make it easier to compare and classify different approaches. We focus on two components of this framework, called respectively “Sampling” and “Generation”, which are characterized formally and used to build a taxonomy of explanation methods. This document gives details on how this framework can be used to describe black-box explanation methods found in the literature.
Acculturation theory, cultural competency and learning from differences: reflections from a European short student mobility program

ABSTRACT There is a growing recognition that in an increasingly differentiated social environment it is important for social workers to be prepared to intervene in multi-diversified and multicultural contexts, so as to promote inclusion, respect and empowerment. On this account, mobility and full immersion programmes appear to contribute the most promising professional learning opportunities. However, full immersion programmes are emotionally and cognitively very demanding, sometimes even exacerbating prejudice and racism; this has led to ongoing debates as to which strategies can safeguard the effectiveness of such programmes. This paper draws on the theory of acculturation to enable a deeper understanding of how full immersion programmes can educate to diversity in social work, and of the learning processes that can occur when confronting diversity. The reflection focuses on written feedback from, and focus groups with, students who participated in a short mobility project. Findings show how self-reflective practice, which acknowledges emotional journeys including what are usually considered negative reactions, is a necessary pre-condition for successfully transferring experiences of relating to cultural differences – as in the mobility programme – to professional skills.
Study of Extra laryngeal Branching of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Surgery

Objective: Recognition of extralaryngeal branching of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is essential because prevention of vocal cord functions requires preservation of all branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We have assessed the prevalence of extralaryngeal branching of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the median branching distance from the point of bifurcation to the entry point of the nerve into the larynx. Material and Methods: Prospective operative data on recurrent laryngeal nerve branching were collected from 90 patients who underwent thyroid surgery between April 2017 to March 2018. Results: A total of 113 recurrent laryngeal nerves were examined (60 right, 53 left). Overall, 65(57.5%) of 113 recurrent laryngeal nerves have extralaryngeal branching before entering the larynx. There were 37 (61.66%) branching nerves on the right and 28 (52.83%) branching nerves on the left. There was 35(58.33%) recurrent laryngeal nerve had bifurcation and 2(3.33%) recurrent laryngeal nerve had trifurcation in right side. There was no trifurcation found in left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Among 23(46RLN) patients who underwent bilateral exploration, 9 patient 39.13% (18RLN) were found to have bilateral branching, 15.21%(7 RLN) had unilateral branching and the remaining 45.65%(21RLN) had no branching. The median branching distance was 10 mm (5-20mm). Conclusion: Extralaryngeal division of recurrent laryngeal nerve is a common and asymmetric anatomical variant. These variations can be easily recognized if the recurrent laryngeal nerve is identified at the level of the inferior thyroid artery and then dissected totally to the entry point of the larynx. Inadvertent division of a branch may lead to vocal cord palsy postoperatively, even when the surgeon believes the integrity of the nerve has been preserved.
Discrete element method simulations of offshore plate anchor keying behavior in granular soils

Abstract The keying mechanism of plate anchors (PLA) embedded into granular sandy soils is investigated in this work using the discrete element method (DEM) modeling to simulate microscale response and to observe the emergent macroscale behavior. Parameters (e.g., padeye eccentricity, loading direction) that influence anchor keying are analyzed in the simulations. The load-displacement response and embedment losses during keying are evaluated and compared to published experimental results from the literature. The keying mechanism of the PLA for different padeye eccentricities and loading directions are investigated. The DEM results are found to have the same trends as published experimental results. The embedment loss has a bilinear response with the padeye eccentricity which is in accordance with the experimental results reported in the literature. Embedment losses increase linearly with increasing loading directions. Microscale observations of mobilized particle friction, particle rotation, contact force network, and steering coefficient during keying are used to provide insights into the keying mechanisms. The potential for particle mobilization is reached more quickly for the larger padeye eccentricities. The particle rotation is the major keying mechanism for all the cases in the simulations. Finally, the granular assembly adjacent to the PLA is steering from horizontal to vertical for all padeye eccentricities.
PRESERVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORA ESSENTIAL OIL ON SOME PROCESSED FOODS

The evaluation of plant constituents for antimicrobial and preservative activities on food products is part of the ongoing search for natural food preservatives. In line with that, detection of phytochemical constituents and evaluation of antimicrobial, GC – MS analysis and preservative properties of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on boiled white rice and bread was carried out using standard procedures. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Antibacterial activity of the E. citriodora oil showed highest zone of inhibition diameter against Shigella spp (21.66mm) while antifungal activity was more pronounced against Aspergillus fumigatus (31mm) using 100% oil. GC – MS analysis of the 100% petroleum ether fraction of the oil revealed compounds, which include cyclohexene and 1 – isopropyl – 2 – methylbenzene. Results of sanitizing activity of the 100% oil revealed 3.12 log count (cfu/g) reduction (bacteria), 3.22 log count (cfu/g) reduction (fungi) for boiled white rice and 1.50 log count (cfu/g) reduction (bacteria), 0.77 log count (cfu/g) reduction (fungi) for bread after 72 hours of storage. Results of organoleptic assessment and general acceptability showed that treatment with 50% w/w of oil revealed 74.4% likeness by judges as compared to 11.1% for control (untreated) after 96 hours (4 days) for boiled white rice and 61.1% likeness by
Use and disuse of plugs in foliations

In this text we deal with two main questions. The first one is to know if geodesible vector fields on closed 3-manifolds have periodic orbits. The second one studies the relation between the concepts of amenability and having Folner leaves in the context of foliations. The common point is the use of plugs. Plugs are a useful tool for changing a foliation inside a foliated chart. The first chapter is dedicated to the first question. A non singular vector field is geodesible if there is a Riemannian metric of the ambient manifold making the orbits of the vector field geodesics. Let X be a geodesible vector field on a closed oriented 3-manifold, and assume that the 3-manifold is either diffeomorphic to the sphere or has non trivial second homotopy group. The main theorems of this chapter said that under this assumptions X has a periodic orbit if it is real analytic or if it preserves a volume. In the second chapter we talk about the second question. In 1983, R. Brooks stated that a foliation with all its leaves Folner is amenable, with respect to an invariant measure. Using a plug, we will construct a counter-example of this statement, that is a non-amenable foliation whose leaves are Folner. We will then show that if we assume that the foliation is minimal, that is that all the leaves are dense, the fact that the leaves are F{\o}lner implies that the foliation is amenable. This hypothesis was suggested by V. A. Kaimanovich. The proof uses a theorem by D. Cass that describes minimal leaves.
Local authority instrumental music tuition as a form of neo-liberal parental investment: Findings from a deviant, idiographic case study

Local authority music services have held a central place in the UK’s music education landscape since the end of the Second World War. Nonetheless, the provision of these services has always been a non-statutory responsibility, and local levels of opportunity have varied in response to prevailing economic and political climates, along with broader developments in educational policy. The first half of this article focuses on the implications of two key policies enacted during the 1990s. Both were linked to perceived changes in the profiles of young people who engaged with music service tuition. The latter half presents an ecological study of practical implications of the second policy – the Music Standards Fund – on primary-aged children’s take-up of and persistence with the tuition in one English local authority. At both area and school levels, the children’s engagement cohered with various socio-economic and contextual factors. This coherence is considered from the perspectives of Connell’s ‘neo-liberal parent’ and related Bourdieusian-influenced theories. The conclusion offers implications from the implementation of the policy in the contemporary era of Music Education Hubs, the successor organisations to local authority music services, and the schools these Hubs serve.
The sound of a pulsating sphere in a rarefied gas: continuum breakdown at short length and time scales

The pressure field of a pulsating sphere is a canonical problem in classical acoustics, used to illustrate the acoustic efficiency of a monopole source at continuum conditions. We consider the counterpart vibroacoustic and thermoacoustic problems in a rarefied gas, to investigate the effect of continuum breakdown on monopole radiation. Focusing on small-amplitude normal-to-boundary mechanical and heat-flux excitations, the perturbation field is analysed in the entire range of gas rarefaction and input frequencies. Numerical calculations are carried out via the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, and are used to validate analytical predictions in the free-molecular and near-continuum regimes. In the latter, the regularized thirteen moments model (R13) is applied, to capture the system response at states where the Navier–Stokes–Fourier (NSF) description breaks down. Comparing with the continuum inviscid solution, the results quantitate the dampening effect of gas rarefaction on source point-wise strength and acoustic power. At near-continuum conditions, the acoustic field is composed of exponentially decaying ‘compression’, ‘thermal’ and ‘Knudsen-layer’ modes, reflecting thermoviscous and higher-order rarefaction effects. With reducing rarefaction, the contributions of the latter two modes vanish, and the former degenerates into the ideal-flow inverse-to-distance decaying wave. Stronger attenuation is obtained with increasing rarefaction, where boundary sphericity results in a ‘geometric reduction’ of the molecular layer affected by the source. Notably, while the R13 model at low frequencies appears valid up to moderate gas rarefaction rates, both the NSF and R13 descriptions break down at common low Knudsen numbers at higher frequencies. Further study should therefore be carried out to extend the applicability of moment models to unsteady flows with short time scales.
The Effectiveness of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention in Reducing Drug Related Problems of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient in Tangerang District General Hospital, Indonesia

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the clinical pharmacist interventions in reducing drug-related problems (DRPs) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients in the Tangerang District General Hospital, Banten, Indonesia. This study used a prospective analysis of patients with a pre-post design between January-March 2017. The Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) (V6.2) pre-post study system was used to identify the DRPs of 138 patients. The Pharmacist interventions were addressed to physicians, patients, and other health professions to determine the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions before and after the intervention. The number of identified DRPs was 177 problems and the identified types of DRP was 164 types. The pharmacist interventions significantly decreased the DRPs from 177 to 10 DRPs (p 0.05) to the decreased of the number and type of DRPs. Clinical pharmacist interventions able to reduce the number and type of DRPs and can improve treatment outcomes in childhood ALL.
Advances in the Acquisition of Secure Systems Based on Open Architectures

Abstract : The role of software ecosystems in the development and evolution of secure open architecture systems has received insufficient consideration. Such systems are composed of software components subject to different security requirements in an architecture in which evolution can occur by evolving existing components or by replacing them. But this may result in possible security requirements conflicts and organizational liability for failure to fulfill security obligations. We have developed an approach for understanding and modeling software security requirements as "security licenses," as well as for analyzing conflicts among groups of such licenses in realistic system contexts and for guiding the acquisition, integration, or development of systems with open source components in such an environment. Consequently, this paper reports on our efforts to extend our existing approach to specifying and analyzing software intellectual property licenses to now address software security licenses that can be associated with secure OA systems.
Anatomical Assessment of Cerebral Venous System by 3D phase contrast MR Venography

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to know the normal anatomy and its variants and identify the imaging criteria that discriminate normal anatomical variants from thrombosis and other pathological condition. To check the accuracy of non enhanced 3D phase contrast magnetic resonance venography (3D PC-MRV) vs contrast enhanced magnetic resonance venography (CE-MRV). Material and Methods: It is a descriptive type of observational study done on 192 patients who were referred for investigation of part other than brain and who had normal results of MR imaging of the brain (having no manifestations of cerebrovascular diseases) were recruited into the study. The larger cerebral veins and all sinuses, including the occipital sinuses, were assessed by using oblique sagittal non enhanced 3D PC-MR venography. Among 192 cases, The 81 cases also had CE-MRV provided study material for comparisons with non contrast MR venography. Results: Hypoplastic left TS was most common anatomical variation in 31.8% (61). Hypoplastic right TS 6.25% (12), aplastic right TS one (0.52%), aplastic left TS aplastic/atretic in 3.1% (6) cases, hypoplastic right SS 6 (3.1%) and hypoplastic left SS in 25 % (49) in cases. OFG/AG was seen in 21% (42) cases. Most common variation of SSS was hypoplasia of anterior one third in 18.8% (36) and bifurcated near lambdoid suture of the cranium in 11% (21). The deep venous system is invariably consistent, except small variations in BVOR. In 76 (41.5%) of 192 cases without occipital sinuses, absent or hypoplastic TS were found. Nine patients had occipital sinuses. In seven (78%) of nine patients with occipital sinuses, absent or hypoplastic transverse sinuses were shown. Conclusion: These anatomical variants and artifacts can be a potential pitfall in the MRV diagnosis of CVST, especially when there are no supportive imaging features such as brain infarcts or appropriate clinical background. Therefore, it is essential for radiologist to be familiar with MRV characteristics and anatomy so that they are not misinterpreted as CSVT. 3D PC MRV is a great option for patients with gadolinium allergy/renal insufficiency/pregnant patients can provide comparable results to CE MRV.