Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping with Overtourism: Redirecting tourism consumption through social media and the Internet

With tourism being the largest industry in Europe and one of the fastest growing sectors, the importance of sustainable tourism consumption from an economic, social, cultural and environmental aspect is vital. A problem related to growing tourism is overcrowding, also known as overtourism; a relatively new phenomenon describing destinations where hosts or guests, residents or visitors are having the perception of there being too many tourists in one place. With overtourism comes many challenges, for example it negatively affects the residents’ quality of life as well as the complete visitor experience. When tourism consumption reaches its limits, it needs to be controlled and strategies need to be implemented. A literature review, a netnographic case study of two overcrowded destinations and an interview were used to get an understanding of which challenges comes with overtourism from the perspective of different stakeholders such as residents, tourists, authorities, destination marketing organisations (DMOs), and which strategies are used to control and redirect tourism consumption. Based on the findings of this study, social media and the Internet are considered a useful channel where DMOs, tourist boards and municipalities can find information on what stakeholders consider makes better places to live in and to visit. Social media can work as a link between the stakeholders and the authorities that facilitate the place branding process and involving the stakeholders in the tourism discussion will facilitate an authentic place brand. Stakeholders should be involved and engaged in the development and implementation of strategies to mitigate overtourism challenges in a destination. Strategies to cope with overtourism taken on social media and the Internet by stakeholders include targeting sustainable segments, informational place demarketing, social capacity building by involving stakeholders in tourism development and the community and redirecting tourism consumption away from unsustainable choices for example by promoting less well-known areas and attractions. The qualitative case study helped finding recommendations to a small destination, which is not yet facing the problems to such degree, to prepare for future challenges related to overtourism. These recommendations include to target repeat visitors, involve stakeholders in the place branding process by listening to their concerns and proposed actions, redirect tourism consumption throughout the year, providing information in tourists’ different languages, linking social media and traditional media, and use informational place demarketing to inform about the current situation at sites.
Cultural Effects and Savings: Evidence from Immigrants to the United Arab Emirates

This study attempts to investigate the effects of cultural origin on the saving behaviour of immigrants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Using household survey data covering 3206 households, savings rates are found to be remarkably different across households from different countries/regions. Immigrants from developing countries appear to be uniform in terms of average household size, age, education and occupation. However, immigrants from Pakistan and India are found to have higher average savings rates than those from Arab countries, although they have relatively lower incomes. This suggests strong cultural effects on savings, a proposition that is generally supported by the econometric findings of this research.
Evaluations of Image Completion Algorithms: Exemplar-Based Inpainting vs. Deep Convolutional GAN

Image completion, also known as image inpainting, is an active computer vision research problem that aims to automatically ﬁll in a missing portion of an image in a content-aware way. Various approaches have been engineered by academia dedicated to this problem, modern ones even applying deep convolutional neural networks to have a smoother and more realistic output images. In this project, we aim to compare and evaluate two most widely accepted image inpainting algorithms: Exemplar-Based Inpainting (EBI)[1] and Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Nets (DCGAN)[5] based image inpainting algorithm.
Technology Readiness and Technology Acceptance Model in New Technology Implementation Process in Low Technology SMEs

 Abstract —Technological readiness and User Acceptance is increasingly being used as a guide in the process of new technologies implementation. This approach can be measured using the collaboration of Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by analyzing the implementation of new technologies adaptation construct in a particular industry group. This paper investigates the collected data from 40 subjects representing 222 Craft Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise in Yogyakarta Regency, Indonesia. The approach tested to the implementation of an integrated information system, in this case an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) that is designed in four simple modules, such as Production, Sales, Marketing and Finance according to ERP research on SMEs in Indonesia conducted by other earlier researchers.
Foul Ball: Audience-Held Stereotypes of Baseball Players

Abstract This study experimentally tested whether participants held and/or applied stereotypes of baseball players. Participants were asked to rate White, Black, and Latino baseball players based on stereotypes consistently identified in previous literature. Participants saw a photo of a player and an anonymous paragraph from a newspaper that highlighted a particular stereotype. They were then asked to rate the author's credibility. Black players were rated as higher in physical strength and natural ability, consistent with previous literature concerning how athletes were described. However, White and Latin players were not stereotyped. But participants rated White-consistent descriptions as credible and Latin-consistent descriptions as less credible. These results are interpreted through the prism of social identity theory.
RUM, WINE, and EXPERTS

We specify a structural demand model for wine products given a score release field experiment to estimate the consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for expert opinion labels. We use monthly product level data before and after a retail field experiment in which we treat a random subset of wine products in one treated store and do not treat those same products in comparable control stores. We combine these scanner data with additional information on the characteristics of each product, such as, vari- etal, region of production, price point relative to other wines, to estimate a structural demand model for wine, defined as a bundle of attributes among which a score that is experimentally introduced into the market. Given the random coefficient structural wine demand estimates we find that wine products in our sample are overall elastic. We estimate that, on average, consumers’ WTP for a 83 scored bottle of wine is 2 dollars. Consumers also value California wines by one dollar more than non California wines in the sample, and the Chardonnay varietal has the highest WTP of 2.9 dollars a bottle, while the lowest estimated WTP is for the Merlot varietal. Welfare estimates from alternative attribute space choice sets are obtained via counterfactual simulations to estimate the changes in consumer surplus resulting from available quality information in the form of expert opinion scores, and we estimate there to be a significant welfare loss eliminating scores of 179 dollars which represents roughly one percent of total wine revenue in the treated store.
Does monetary punishment crowd out pro-social motivation? The case of hospital bed-blocking ∗

We study whether the use of explicit monetary incentives might be counter-productive. In particular, we focus on the effect of fining owners of long-term care institutions who prolong length of stay at hospitals. We outline a simple theoretical model, based on motivational crowding theory, deriving the conditions for explicit monetary incentives to have potentially counterproductive effects. In the empirical part, we exploit a natural experiment involving changes in the catchments areas of two large Norwegian hospitals. We find that bed-blocking is reduced when transferring long-term care providers from a hospital using monetary fines to prevent bed-blocking to a hospital not relying on this incentive scheme, and vice versa. We interpret these results as examples of monetary incentives crowding out agents’ intrinsic motivation, leading to a reduction in effort.
Parallel Lives: Birth, Childhood and Adolescent Influences on Career Paths

This paper uses sequence methods and cluster analysis to create a typology of career paths for a cohort of British 29 year olds born in 1970. There are clear â€˜typesâ€™ identified by these techniques including several paths dominated by various forms of non-employment. These types are strongly correlated with individual characteristics and parental background factors observed at birth, age ten and age sixteen. By estimating a multinomial logit model of career types we show how policy makers might identify early those young people likely to experience long term non-employment as adults, enabling better targeted preventative policy intervention.
Are research and development processes independent in the pharmaceutical R&D?

1 Department of International Trade and Transport, Toyama National College of Maritime Technology, EbieNeriya 1-2, Imizu,Toyama, 933-0293 Japan. 2 Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitagata 4-2-1, Kokuraminamiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka,802-8577 Japan. 3 The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192 Japan Email: miyasige@toyama-cmt.ac. jp
Improvement of antioxidant activities and yield of spring maize through seed priming and foliar application of plant growth regulators under heat stress conditions

Heat stress during reproductive and grain filling phases adversely affects the growth of cereals through reduction in grain’s number and size. However, exogenous application of antioxidants, plant growth regulators and osmoprotectants may be helpful to minimize these heat induced yield losses in cereals. This two year study was conducted to evaluate the role of exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AsA), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) applied through seed priming or foliar spray on biochemical, physiological, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and quality of late spring sown hybrid maize. The experiment was conducted in the spring season of 2007 and 2008. We observed that application of AsA, SA and H2O2 applied through seed priming or foliar spray improved the physiological, biochemical, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and grain quality of late spring sown maize in both years. In both years, we observed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the plants where AsA, SA and H2O2were applied through seed priming or foliar spray than control. Membrane stability index (MSI), relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, grain yield and grain oil contents were also improved by exogenous application of AsA, SA and H2O2 in both years. Seed priming of AsA, SA and H2O2was equally effective as the foliar application. In conclusion, seed priming with AsA, SA and H2O2 may be opted to lessen the heat induced yield losses in late sown spring hybrid maize. Heat tolerance induced by ASA, SA and H2O2 may be attributed to increase in antioxidant activities and MSI which maintained RWC and chlorophyll contents in maize resulting in better grain yield in heat stress conditions.
Silica Deposition Experiments:Past Work and Future Research Directions

After 40 years of investigations silica scaling is qualitatively well understood, but reliable predictions of scaling under typical power station operating conditions are still not possible. In this paper we review a few selected field silica scaling experiments undertaken primarily in New Zealand, which have involved measuring scaling rates. The aim is to provide insights into what can be learnt from such studies and to show that there is much more to understand about the scaling process. Aging of water to allow silica polymerization has been shown to reduce scaling potential. Icelandic researchers have demonstrated that rapid cooling and dilution are very effective at suppressing deposition. We describe work underway at Wairakei to determine the effectiveness of this technique for New Zealand waters.
The failed eruption of Mt. Etna in December 2005: Evidence from volcanic tremor analyses

Strong changes in seismic radiation, comparable to those preceding and/or accompanying eruptive activity in recent years, were recorded at Mt. Etna volcano, Italy, from November 2005 to January 2006. The amplitude of volcanic tremor peaked in mid‐December 2005 after a continuous, slow increase from August 2005 onward, during which neither effusive nor paroxysmal activity was observed by volcanologists and alpine guides. During this time span, the centroid locations of volcanic tremor moved toward the surface, more and more clustered below the summit craters. The application of pattern classification analysis based on Self‐Organizing Maps and fuzzy clustering to volcanic tremor data highlighted variations in the frequency domain as well. These changes were temporally associated with ground deformation variations, as indicative of a mild inflation of the summit of the volcano, and with a conspicuous increase in the SO2 plume‐flux emission. Overall, we interpret this evidence as the result of recharging of the volcanic feeder at depth (>3 km below sea level) during which magma did not reach the shallow plumbing system.
Percutaneous Angioplasty and Stenting for Mesenteric Ischaemia

Mesenteric ischaemia due to impaired arterial supply is an important cause of abdominal pain, especially in older patients with risk factors for vascular disease. Until recently, surgical revascularisation procedures such as endarterectomy and aorto-coeliac or aortomesenteric bypass grafting were the only available treatment options for patients with mesenteric ischaemia. However, reported rates of peri-operative major complications and mortality are high, influenced by a high prevalence of significant patient co-morbidities. Percutaneous angioplasty and stenting have been shown to be effective and safe alternatives to surgical revascularisation in high-risk patients with mesenteric ischaemia. Indeed, in high-surgical risk patients and in those with suitable lesions, such endovascular revascularisation has emerged as the primary treatment modality. Here, we review current concepts in the diagnosis, treatment selection and outcomes for percutaneous angioplasty and stenting for patients with either chronic or acute mesenteric ischemia.
On the generation of surface waves in frequency selective structures

In this paper, we discuss and analyze the criteria for the existence and the generation of surface modes in dielectric slabs with and without metallic layers (frequency selective structures, FSS). The material parameter of the slab is in general bianisotropic, but the examples and the numerical computations show only isotropic materials. It is shown that there are three diﬀerent categories of resonances occurring in power transmission and power reﬂection in a FSS, i.e., 1) resonances in the array, 2) surface wave excitations, and 3) onset of grating lobes.
An irrigated cotton farm emissions case study in NSW , Australia

The primary source of emissions in broadacre cropping is synthetic fertiliser applied to farmland, creating nitrous oxide from chemical processes in the soil. In high yielding irrigated cotton production, nitrogen remains a key input to maintain yields and maximise crop returns. This study aims to identify immediate strategies available to broadacre irrigation to reduce emissions and maintain profitability. Four emission mitigation strategies on a large broadacre irrigation farm in Northern New South Wales producing cereals, pulse and cotton crops were modelled. The results show rotating cotton with pulse crops, instead of wheat, can achieve an 8% reduction in emissions and increase whole farm gross margin by 12%, due primarily to the current historically high chickpea price and a reduction in applied nitrogen. Combining enhanced efficiency fertilisers in cotton crops in a more comprehensive abatement strategy has shown an indicative 13% emissions reduction from the baseline scenario, with a 6% reduction in farm gross margin from the increased fertiliser cost. However, uncertainty regarding the impact of EEFs on cotton yield in vertosol soils is noted. The soil sequestration from including a tree-lot in the emissions reduction strategy reduced whole farm emissions by 11% and reduced whole farm gross margin of 3%; however, difficulty in establishment and high establishment costs can add economic risk. Combining all three emissions reduction strategies results in a significant emissions reduction of 33% and a 4% gain in whole farm gross margin. Sensitivity analysis highlights gross margins results to be particularly sensitive to chickpea price movement. With this desktop modelling in mind, the discussion draws on industry research revealing that at a field scale, carefully balanced agronomic nuances exist between cotton cropping rotations and secure economic outcomes. The addition of achieving environmental objectives simultaneously with these variables is yet another future challenge facing government emissions abatement incentive programs and broadacre cropping businesses.
Morphological and Anatomical Studies on Selected Dicot Xerophytes of District Karak, Pakistan

3 Abstract: The present article is comprised of morphology and anatomy of the some selected xerophytes (monocot) of district Karak. 5 monocot plant species belonging to 3 families,were collected during the survey. Morphologically, the characters of leaves, stems, roots, fruits and seeds were observed. The family Poaceae was dominant followed by the Polygonaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Similarly, the plant Eragrostis curvula (Poaceae)was dominant followed by Calligonum polygonoides (Polygonaceae) and Asphodelus tenuifolius (Xanthorrhoeaceae). The plants were found to be well adapted to the environment of district Karak. The morphological adaptations were presence of dense hair, powder and cuticle layer on leaves and stem. The leaves were found to be leathery, needle like and elongated. Sometimes, the leaves were found to be modified into thorns and spines. Similarly, thick and short rhizome, sunken stomata, compact epidermis, wide cortex and many water storing tissues were observed during this study. During the study, it was also reported that xerophytes have numerous cortical cells to store large amount of water, as to compensate the harsh and dry environment. It was concluded that the studied plant species of district Karak were well adapted in the extreme environment.
Is ‘ Oranje ’ a health risk for Dutch retirees ?

Introduction Entering retirement is known to be a significant break in life, above all for men (George et al., 1984). The so-called ‘third age’ entails negative as well as positive developmental processes as retirement provides the chance to find a new orientation, after life was for decades determined by occupational commitments (Kim and Moen, 2001). This includes, among others, allocating more time to social contacts, concentrating on new hobbies and deepening old interests (Gauthier and Smeeding, 2003). Typical for men is an enhanced devotion toward the support of their favourite sport team. On the one hand, it seems plausible that identification with a successful team provides happy moments with positive effects on life satisfaction and health. For instance, it was reported that in France mortality from myocardial infarction was significantly lower on the day when the French football team won the World Cup in 1998 (Berthier and Boulay, 2003). On the other hand, however, devotion to a rather unsuccessful team could have detrimental effects on health and wellbeing. In fact, Witte et al. (2000) showed that all-cause mortality as well as mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke was significantly increased among Dutch men aged 45 years and older after their team was eliminated from the European Football Championship in 1996. This finding is worrisome as improvements in mortality in the Netherlands lag already behind the general trends in Western Europe (Luy et al., 2011) and, moreover, the recent performances of the Dutch football team have not given reason for optimism regarding forthcoming tournaments. The aim of this contribution is therefore to test the findings of Witte et al. (2000) by analysing mortality in the Netherlands in relation to the eliminations of the Dutch national football team from the World Cups and European Championships since 1996. A special focus is given to retirees as their number continues to increase in the course of the actual ageing of European populations (see Van Nimwegen, 2013).
Evaluation of the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) for Turbulence Measurements

Abstract Accuracy of the acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) is evaluated in this paper. Simultaneous measurements of open-channel flow were undertaken in a 17-m flume using an ADV and a laser Doppler velocimeter. Flow velocity records obtained by both instruments are used for estimating the true (“ground truth”) flow characteristics and the noise variances encountered during the experimental runs. The measured values are compared with estimates of the true flow characteristics and values of variance (〈u′2〉, 〈w′2〉) and covariance (〈u′w′〉) predicted by semiempirical models for open-channel flow. The analysis showed that the ADV sensor can measure mean velocity and Reynolds stress within 1% of the estimated true value. Mean velocities can be obtained at distances less than 1 cm from the boundary, whereas Reynolds stress values obtained at elevations greater than 3 cm above the bottom exhibit a variation that is in agreement with the predictions of the semiempirical models. Closer to the boundary, the measure.