Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hiking in the wilderness: Interplay between teachers’ and students’ agencies in outdoor learning

This study aimed to find out the ways in which teachers’ and students’ agency emerge in outdoor learning and in which ways students’ agentic engagement could be promoted and supported. Outdoor learning is defined here as cognitive, emotional, social, physical and educational processes designed for and taking place in natural contexts. The study was conducted during a three-day hiking course taking place in the wilderness of Finnish Lapland. The participants were 21 upper elementary students and their two teachers. The research data consists of qualitative interviews recorded during the hiking trip, audio-recorded field notes and students’ digital diaries. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate four aspects of students’ agentic engagement, which are promoted through teachers’ agency emerging through evoking past experiences, future orientations and being closely engaged with the present. The results provide evidence to support developing outdoor learning pedagogies particularly in terms of promoting generic skill development, students’ sense of agency and self-directed learning in authentic settings. agency, and essential competencies, especially in situations in which teachers’ pedagogical thinking allows students the space needed to develop agency and autonomy. The findings give evidence that outdoor learning in the arctic wilderness requires different aspects of agency from students and teachers. The teachers are experienced in camping and hiking, as well as orchestrating demanding nature trips to the wilderness. Iterative, practical–evaluative and projective agency were evident in the teachers’ pedagogical solutions whereas responsible, resilient, co-explorative and empowering agency were most typical in students’ behaviour. However, as the results show, the agencies of the teachers and the students are built on interaction and so are intertwined. Thus, the findings indicate that agency is socially shared (Engeström, 1999) and not only shared between the students (e.g. Kangas et al., 2014) but also between students and teachers. The teachers’ assertion that it is the students who create the journey well illuminates their social-local-based pedagogical thinking and student-centred approach.
Cuba’s Critical Juncture: Main Challenges

Cuba is rapidly approaching a critical juncture, where a complete and generational change of leadership is unavoidable (between 2018 and 2021). The country and its Revolution is up against some unavoidable and complicated choices in the coming four years. With the rapidly approaching end of the Castro era, without any clear new leadership structure in sight, and with an apparently unsolvable economic crisis and rapidly shrinking confidence in the political power bloc particularly among the younger generations, a deep legitimacy crisis is looming. What are the principal challenges ahead, and how can and will they be solved?
Diploid predominance in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma evaluated by flow cytometry

Fifty‐nine colorectal carcinomas of patients with verified cancer family syndrome (CFS) were analyzed for DNA ploidy using flow cytometry. Sixty‐eight percent of the tumors were diploid, and 32% were aneuploid. The aneuploid tumors had a median DNA index of 1.24 (range, 1.12–1.97). In 90% of all tumors the DNA index was less than 1.27. This predominance of diploid/near‐diploid tumors was seen both in primary and in metachronous carcinomas. In 21 cases a cell cycle analysis was possible. Tumors with the S‐phase fraction (SPF) ± 9.8% had a worse prognosis than tumors with the SPF of <9.8%. These findings suggest that the predominance of diploid/near diploid DNA values is one of the characteristics of colorectal carcinomas in CFS. This might signify the existence of two or more pathogenetically different subgroups of colorectal carcinoma and explain the proposed better prognosis of colorectal carcinoma in CFS compared with other colorectal carcinomas.
Characterization of energy-dependent ca transport in maize mitochondria.

Experimental conditions which optimize both substrate- and ATP-dependent Ca(2+) transport in corn (Zea mays) mitochondria have been determined. It has been found that a substrate (pyruvate + succinate) dependent, Pi independent, binding of Ca(2+) occurs. This reaction is very rapid and complete in less than 30 seconds. For massive accumulation of calcium, Pi is essential. Phosphate is accumulated along with the calcium and the ratio of Ca:Pi accumulated is about 1.6:1 indicating the precipitation of hydroxyapatite inside the mitochondria.The activation energies and Michaelis constants for both the substrate- and ATP-driven reactions have been determined. It has also been shown that the substrate-driven system is more efficient in Ca(2+) accumulation than the ATP-driven system. This is partially due to the fact that Mg(2+) is essential for the ATP-driven system but not for the substrate-driven system and that Mg(2+) acts as a strong competitor of Ca(2+) transport. The effect of other inorganic ions on Ca(2+) transport energized by both substrate and ATP were examined.The results lend support to the hypothesis that high energy intermediates of oxidative phosphorylation participate directly in Ca(2+) binding and transport in plant mitochondria.
Does Managerial Opportunism Explain the Differential Pricing of Level 3 Fair Value Estimates?

Using handâ€ collected Level 3 data, we find that banks near key capital ratios report higher unrealized gains in Level 3 assets, consistent with managers using Level 3 valuations to boost capital ratios. Additionally, we document an incremental pricing discount for Level 3 assets among these firms, suggesting that the pricing discount observed by prior research may not be entirely due to measurement error inherent in Level 3. Furthermore, we observe that this opportunistic behavior diminishes under the new Financial Accounting Standards Board disclosure regime, suggesting that the expanded disclosures may increase the value relevance and reliability of fair value measurements.
Motivating Hotel Employees

To learn what hotel employees want out of their jobs, the authors asked 278 workers at 12 hotels in the U.S. and Canada to rank the following ten work factors: good wages, tactful discipline, job security, interesting work, feeling of being "in on things," sympathetic help with personal problems, opportunities for advancement and development, good working conditions, personal loyalty to employees, and appreciation for work accomplishments. Overall, hotel employees reported that the three things they most wanted from their employers were: (1) good wages, (2) job security, and (3) opportunities for advancement and development. There were differences among the hotel workers, however, based on their age and the area in which they worked. While all respondents ranked good wages as the single most important job factor, younger employees reported opportunities for development and interesting work as the second and third most-wanted job factors. In contrast, employees over 30 reported job security and working conditions as the second and third most-important job factors. The top-three job factors for F&B servers were good wages, developmental opportunities, and job security. Front-office employees gave similar emphasis to wages and opportunity, but placed appreciation in the third spot, followed by job security. Human-resources, accounting, and sales and marketing employees tended to emphasize interesting work and opportunities for advancement more than the other groups.
Static Stretching and Performance in Multiple Sets in the Bench Press Exercise

Abstract Ribeiro, AS, Romanzini, M, Dias, DF, Ohara, D, da Silva, DRP, Achour, A Jr, Avelar, A, and Cyrino, ES. Static stretching and performance in multiple sets in the bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 28(4): 1158–1163, 2014—The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effect of static stretching on the performance of multiple sets in the bench press (BP) exercise. Fifteen men (26.2 ± 0.7 years, 72.4 ± 1.3 kg, 1.78 ± 0.1 m, 22.8 ± 0.3 kg·m−2) performed 4 sets of the BP exercise at 80% of 1 repetition maximum until concentric failure, both in the stretching condition (SC) and control condition (CC). The rate of force decline between the first and the fourth set was used as fatigue index. A randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design was performed with 48 hours between each session. Two static stretching exercises (pectoral and triceps brachii muscles) were performed in a single set before BP in SC, whereas in CC, subjects remained at rest for 150 seconds. For each stretching exercise, the muscle was held at the maximal stretched position for 30 seconds. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was identified for total repetitions performed in 4 sets (SC, 21.3 ± 0.7% vs. CC, 20.5 ± 0.7%) and in the fatigue index (SC, 75.5 ± 1.3% vs. CC, 73.2 ± 1.9%). The results suggest that the performance of multiple sets in the BP exercise does not seem to be influenced by previous static stretching.
The Role of Cognition in School Refusal: An Investigation of Automatic Thoughts and Cognitive Errors

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognitions of anxious school refusers. The cognitive constructs under investigation included negative cognition commonly linked to youth anxiety (i.e. negative automatic thoughts and cognitive errors) and positive automatic thoughts. Method: The cognition of school refusers (n = 50) and youth from a community sample (n = 181) was assessed with the Children's Automatic Thoughts Scale-Negative/Positive and the Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire-Revised. Results: When controlling for anxiety, school refusers were found to report more negative automatic thoughts concerning personal failure, fewer negative automatic thoughts concerning hostility, and fewer positive automatic thoughts. Negative automatic thoughts concerning personal failure and hostility, and the negative cognitive error of overgeneralizing were found to independently predict school refusal. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of further researching the role of cognition in the development, maintenance, and treatment of anxiety-based school refusal.
Paediatric urolithiasis in a remote Australian Aboriginal community

Abstract: A retrospective study of Community Health Service patient records revealed 10 cases of urolithiasis in Aboriginal children under 5 years of age in a remote central Australian Aboriginal community over a 4 year period, out of a total under‐5 population estimate of 62. The highest attack rate was in the 0–2 age group, where nearly one in 10 children presented per year. All children had significant associated morbidity. Two children underwent pyelolithotomy.
Morbimortality in octogenarian patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND Given the progressive increase in longevity and the need of an increasingly elderly population to undergo myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS), it becomes necessary to know its risks and benefits. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in-hospital morbimortality of patients aged 80 and older submitted to MRS and identify its predictor variables. METHODS A total of 140 consecutive cases were studied between January 2002 and December 2007. The patients' mean age was 82.5 +/- 2.2 years (range: 80-89) and 55.7% were males. In the sample,72.9% had arterial hypertension, 26.4% had diabetes, 65.7% presented severe lesion in three or more vessels and 28.6% presented a severe lesion in the left coronary trunk. An associated surgery was present in 35.7% of the cases, with aortic valve in 26.4% and mitral valve in 5.6%. RESULTS The mortality rate was 14.3% (isolated MRS 10.0% vs 22.0% with associated procedure; p = 0.091) and the morbidity was 37.9% (isolated MRS 34.4% vs 44.0% with associated procedure; p = 0.35). The most frequent complications were low cardiac output (27.9%), renal dysfunction (10.0%) and prolonged ventilatory support (9.6%). At the bivariate analysis, the most important mortality predictors were sepsis (RR 10.2; 95%CI: 6.10-17.7), previous MRS (RR 8.06; 95%CI: 5.16-12.6), postoperative low cardiac output (RR 7.77; 95%CI: 3.03-19.9) and postoperative renal dysfunction (RR 7.36; 95%CI: 3.71-14.6). The morbidity predictors were extracorporeal circulation time > 120 min. (RR: 2.34; 95%CI: 1.62-3.38) and time of ischemia > 90 min. (RR: 2.29 95%CI: 1.56-3.37). CONCLUSION The MRS in octogenarians is associated with a higher morbimortality when compared to younger patients, which, however, does not prevent the procedure if the indication is justified by clinical condition.
Comparison of Single- and Multilocus Genetic Diversity in the Protozoan Parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis

ABSTRACT The genotyping of numerous isolates of Cryptosporidium parasites has led to the definition of new species and a better understanding of the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis. A single-locus genotyping method based on the partial sequence of a polymorphic sporozoite surface glycoprotein gene (GP60) has been favored by many for surveying Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis populations. Since genetically distinct Cryptosporidium parasites recombine in nature, it is unclear whether single-locus classifications can adequately represent intraspecies diversity. To address this question, we investigated whether multilocus genotypes of C. parvum and C. hominis cluster according to the GP60 genotype. C. hominis multilocus genotypes did not segregate according to this marker, indicating that for this species the GP60 sequence is not a valid surrogate for multilocus typing methods. In contrast, in C. parvum the previously described “anthroponotic” genotype was confirmed as a genetically distinct subspecies cluster characterized by a diagnostic GP60 allele. However, as in C. hominis, several C. parvum GP60 alleles did not correlate with distinct subpopulations. Given the rarity of some C. parvum GP60 alleles in our sample, the existence of additional C. parvum subgroups with unique GP60 alleles cannot be ruled out. We conclude that with the exception of genotypically distinct C. parvum subgroups, multilocus genotyping methods are needed to characterize C. parvum and C. hominis populations. Unless parasite virulence is controlled at the GP60 locus, attempts to find associations within species or subspecies between GP60 and phenotype are unlikely to be successful.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: A Multi‐Subunit Chlamydial Vaccine Induces Antibody and Cell‐Mediated Immunity in Immunized Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus): Comparison of Three Different Adjuvants

Citation Carey AJ, Timms P, Rawlinson G, Brumm J, Nilsson K, Harris JM, Beagley KW. A multi‐subunit chlamydial vaccine induces antibody and cell‐mediated immunity in immunized koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus): comparison of three different adjuvants. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 161–172
Corporate Governance in China: A Meta‐Analysis

How has the impact of ‘good corporate governance’ principles on firm performance changed over time in China? Amassing a database of 84 studies, 684 effect sizes, and 547,622 firm observations, we explore this important question by conducting a meta‐analysis on the corporate governance literature on China. The weight of evidence demonstrates that two major ‘good corporate governance’ principles advocating board independence and managerial incentives are indeed associated with better firm performance. However, we cannot find strong support for the criticisms against CEO duality. In addition, we go beyond a static perspective (such as certain governance mechanisms are effective or ineffective) by investigating the temporal hypotheses. We reveal that over time, with the improvement in the quality of market institutions and development of financial markets, the monitoring mechanisms of the board and state ownership become more strongly related to firm performance, whereas the incentive mechanisms lose their significance. Overall, our findings advance a dynamic institution‐based view by substantiating the case that institutional transitions matter for the relationship between governance mechanisms and firm performance in the second largest economy in the world.
Effects of the Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic Tempol on Impaired Endothelium-Dependent and Endothelium-Independent Relaxations in Type II Diabetic Rats

Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated hyperpolarization and relaxation, and endothelium-independent relaxations to the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside and the adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+-channel opener levcromakalim were both impaired in mesenteric arteries of type II diabetic Goto–Kakizaki rats. The treatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol or its combination with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan failed to improve EDHF-mediated responses, although both treatments partially improved endothelium-independent relaxations. These findings suggest that increased oxidative stress may in part account for the impaired endothelium-independent relaxations in diabetes, while it does not play a major role in the impaired EDHF-mediated responses.
Preliminary evaluation of soluble IL‐2 receptor and type III procollagen N‐terminal aminopeptide in pleural fluid for differentiating tuberculous, carcinomatous and parapneumonic pleural effusions

Objective: The aim of the study was to clarify the possibility of using pleural fluid levels of soluble IL‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) and type III procollagen N‐terminal aminopeptide (PIIIP) for differentiating tuberculous, carcinomatous and parapneumonic pleural effusions.
'One of the boys?' : an ethnographic study of gender relations, co-education, and initial teacher education in physical education

This research aimed to investigate the ways in which teacher education institutions constructed, confirmed or contested gender identities in secondary Physical Education (PE). The study centred on an indepth ethnographic study of two case study institutions, chosen to reflect the male and female history of PE initial teacher education (ITE) in Britain. Data was collected from a term's observation in each of the two case study institutions, together with semi-structured interviews with those members of staff who had major control over decision making and policy implementation, as well as through document analysis. Analysis of the ITE courses in both institutions showed that gender issues formed only a small part of the formal curriculum, particularly in the PGCE courses. The attitudes of PB staff revealed either apathy or hostility to the raising of gender issues in their work, although there was evidence of some staff working hard to raise such issues with students. Despite gender forming such a small part in the formal curriculum, it was a major influence on timetabling of physical activities within the PE Subject studies. The rationales for the timetabling revealed strong gender ideologies about the nature of physical ability and performance for men and women. Gender relations were also reproduced through classroom interaction, which was dominated by masculine identity work, by both male students as well as some of the male staff. This involved sexual innuendo and gender joking which was used to put one another down, and to undermine the confidence and skills of women students and staff. As a result, for many of the women, negotiating a gender identity in PE was a difficult and contradictory experience.
Do Brands Matter in Unlisted Firms? An Empirical Study of the Association between Brand Equity and Financial Performance

In spite of the importance of the brand management in marketing studies and practice, there is a scarcity of prior research on the links between brand equity and financial performance, particularly in unlisted (unquoted) firms. The study contributes to prior research along a number of dimensions. It provides evidence on the relevance of brands for unlisted firms of several industries, by showing that brand equity is associated with financial performance even in non-quoted firms without world-recognized brands. Second, the study analyzes the association between brands and accounting-based measures of performance, across different windows and financial indicators. Finally, the evidence on earnings persistence is particularly relevant, as it potentially sheds light on the existing debate on the association between brand equity and stock markets. To the extent that firms with greater brand equity have more persistent earnings, current earnings contain greater information about future earnings, which show the relevance of brand management in the strategic planning of unlisted firms.
Cryopreservation and long‐term liquid nitrogen storage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for flow cytometry analysis effects on cell subset proportions and fluorescence intensity

The effect of cryopreservation and longterm liquid nitrogen storage on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets was prospectively analyzed using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Brief cryopreservation did not significantly alter the proportion of positively stained cells for CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD16+, and CD19+, cells. A small but statistically significant increase in the proportion of positive cells was observed for HLA‐DR+ and HLe‐1 + cells. Brief cryopreservation was associated with a decrease in the mean fluorescence intensity (MFl) values for CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells; an increase in MFl values for CD14+ and HLA‐DR+ cells; and no change for CD16+, CD19+, and HLe‐1+ cells. There was no significant change in the proportion of CD3+, CD4+, or CD16+ cells during 20 months of storage in liquid nitrogen. Small but statistically significant decreases in the proportion of CD8+ and CD19+ cells were observed over the same interval, and the proportion of CD14+ cells (monocytes) was highly variable. Chronologic changes in fluorescence intensity during longterm storage were observed for all cell subsets except CD16+ and CD19+ cells. Cryopreservation is a valuable technique for longterm storage of viable cells. For many laboratory applications, the small changes noted in the present study will have no practical importance. However, for clinical and epidemiological investigations encompassing large numbers of samples, statistical techniques to adjust for small changes during storage should be considered.
Stromal cell types in the developing thymus of the normal and nude mouse embryo

The anatomical distribution of various nonlymphoid cell types in the embryonic mouse thymus in vivo and in vitro, as well as in the thymic rudiment of the nude mouse embryo, has been studied. For this purpose a panel of monoclonal antibodies, ER‐TR3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, directed to various types of stromal cells of the mouse thymus, was used in combination with immunoperoxidase labeling on frozen sections. It was shown that as early as day 13 in thymic ontogeny distinction of TR4+ cortical epithelial cells and TR5+ medullary epithelial cells is possible. Thus, as far as stromal components are concerned, the thymus at day 13 in ontogeny is already subdivided into cortex and medulla. At day 13, Ia (TR3) was expressed in a focal pattern in the medulla subsequently appearing throughout both cortex and medulla by day 16. The thymic rudiment of the nude mouse embryo differs markedly from the normal embryonic thymus in its lack of demonstrable Ia antigen. Furthermore, TR4 and TR5 were only expressed on occasional epithelial cells lining the cysts of the nude thymus in a mutually exclusive fashion. The majority of stromal cells of the nude thymus, however, is negative for all ER‐TR antibodies tested.