Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences among Soil-Inhabiting Microbial Communities in Poa annua Turf throughout the Growing Season

There is increasing interest in understanding plant-associated microbial communities and their impact on plant health. However, research has been limited to major agronomic systems and little is known about the resident microorganisms in economically important specialty crops, such as turfgrass. In this study, we generated a community-wide inventory of the archaea and bacteria that inhabit the soil of Poa annua L. putting green turf at five time points over a 1-yr period. Next-generation sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal DNA 16S revealed 1.5 ́ 105 unique operational taxonomic units from 25 pooled soil samples. Seventeen archaeal taxa were identified at the species level, 53% of which were members of the Crenarchaeota. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum, comprising 36% of the 442 taxa present. Distance analysis and analysis of similarities revealed that the archaeal and bacterial communities clustered according to sample date, with samples collected during warm months grouping separately from those collected during cool months. Clustering was less distinct when plotted using detrended correspondence analysis. These data indicate that microbial community structure varied throughout the growing season, possibly due to seasonal changes in temperature and/or other environmental factors. This research also shows that P. annua putting green turf supports a diverse microbial community despite management practices that include frequent pesticide applications. L.A. Beirn, J.W. Hempfling, C.J. Schmid, J.A. Murphy, and B.B. Clarke, Dept. of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers Univ., 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901; J.A. Crouch, USDA–ARS, Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705. Received 1 June 2016. Accepted 12 Sept. 2016. *Corresponding author ( joanne.crouch@ars.usda.gov). Assigned to Associate Editor James McCurdy. Abbreviations: DCA, detrended correspondence analysis; OTU, operational taxonomic unit; PCR, polymerase chain reaction. Published in Crop Sci. 57:S-262–S-273 (2017). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.06. 0463 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published August 16, 2017
The hydrogen atom according to wave mechanics - V implications of multiple coordinate systems

Because Schroedinger's temporally dependent or independent partial-differential wave equation for the hydrogen atom is solvable in spatial coordinates in four distinct systems, the properties of those solutions, and even the quantum numbers in sets that characterize those wave or amplitude functions, are parochial to each such system. The relations among the wave functions of the hydrogen atom, wave mechanics and molecular structure are discussed. Quantum mechanics is argued to be largely irrelevant in chemical education.
Wind-blown origin of Dongwan late Miocene–Pliocene dust sequence documented by land snail record in western Chinese Loess Plateau

Recently, the first late Miocene-Pliocene eolian deposits from the western Chinese Loess Plateau have been reported. These deposits would complement the eolian record between Quaternary loess-paleosol sequences and Miocene loess sequences, if their wind-blown origin could be documented. However, although several lines of evidence indicate the eolian origin of this sequence, it is still necessary to address this issue through further efforts. Among these, biological approaches are of particular value. Here we analyze the composition and preservation conditions of mollusk assemblages in the Dongwan section. Our results show that all mollusk fossil individuals are preserved in perfect condition without indicating any reworking. All identifiable mollusk species are terrestrial, and are mostly identical to those identified in the Quaternary loess-paleosol sequences of the Chi- nese Loess Plateau. Generally, the cold-aridiphilous species are dominant in the loess layers, while thermo-humidiphilous species are mostly encountered in the paleosols. The close similarity of the mollusk record in both the Dongwan late Miocene-Pliocene deposits and the Quaternary loess sequence in the Chinese Loess Plateau supports the supposition that the Dongwan section is a typical loess-paleosol sequence, and is, without any doubt, of wind-blown origin.
SOCIAL AWARENESS ON WASTE PRODUCTION IN RURAL AREAS

The research focuses on the waste management system in seven rural municipalities of the Czech Republic. First, assessment of different legislation instruments which regulate and control waste management (also on the municipality level) has been done. In this respect the situation is the following: the Czech legislation allows the local governments to opt for one of the three systems of payment for waste. The three options imply: Local Fee, Fee by Act on Waste and Contractual form by Act on Waste. But not all of these systems motivate people to reduce, reuse and recycle. The article compares the above systems of payment for waste and their influence on the behaviour of the inhabitants. The analysis of the quantity of different types of waste per capita during the years 2007-2011 was conducted in relation with the demographic factors, location, types of legislation applied and attitude of the municipality management toward the environment. The survey also shows diverse attitudes of specific social groups toward the waste disposal.
Molecular identification of sex in dioecious moss Nyholmiella obtusifolia (Orthotrichaceae) on the basis of ISSR markers

Molecular identification of sex in dioecious moss Nyholmiella obtusifolia (Orthotrichaceae) on the basis of ISSR markers As far as an unisexuality in the animal kingdom is typical, in higher plants there most species are bisexual. Whereas in haploid bryophyte it can be noticed that dioecy in this group prevails. In the dioecious bryophyte a huge problem makes diagnostics of gender. Most dioecious mosses do not exhibit any discernible sexual dimorphism. The aim of present research was a finding genetic differences between two gender in the dioecious moss Nyholmiella obtusifolia with use of ISSR markers. This study was conducted on 16 individuals: 6 females (without sporophytes) and 10 randomly selected (unknown gender), what was dedicated by a very small number of sex-expressing plant material (rare sporophytes). Out of 12 ISSR primes using to this research, only 4 of them gave clear band patterns. There were: IS807, IS825, IS835 and IS840. The following results are based only on the amplification with ISSR 807 primer. It revealed the products of amplification, which seem to be typical for males and females, which sizes were approximately 600 bp for the former and 500 bp for the latter. This study without doubt is the first trial of finding of genetic differences between females and males in dioecious moss Nyholmiella obtusifolia. This is the first step in development of sex-specific molecular marker for Nyholmiella obtusifolia. It is insomuch important, because it would be just the second moss, for which a molecular sex marker would be devised.
TIME REVERSE MODELING OF HYDROCARBON DETECTION FOR PASSIVE SEISMIC SOURCE LOCALIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF SYNTHETICS AND REAL DATA FROM THE SOUTH SUMATRA BASIN, INDONESIA

Subsurface passive seismic source localization, which is associated with hydrocarbon indication, has become an important tool for passive seismic data modeling. A time-reverse modeling (TRM) algorithm, which was applied to passive seismic data, has been developed and implemented to locate passive seismic sources by using an acoustic finite difference technique. By performing TRM, the recorded passive seismic amplitudes can be focused at their source depth, even though the focused point cannot be warranted as a source point. This paper aims to verify the ability of the developed TRM algorithm in localizing the passive seismic source associated with reservoir depth by means the possible movement of fluid. TRM was applied to synthetic and recorded passive seismic data from a gas reservoir area in the South Sumatra Basin. Synthetic passive seismic data were generated within a two-dimensional velocity model and calculated by using a finite difference algorithm simulating acoustic low-frequency wave propagation. TRM application to the synthetic data showed that passive seismic sources can be properly located in the same position as the original source. In addition, our application to the real passive seismic data sets showed that the passive seismic source is distributed randomly in the depth range of 700 m up to 1500 m, which was represented by high particle velocities.
Characteristics of leisure sports activity in a population with high cardio vascular disease mortality

Background: This paper will study factors behind leisure sports activity. Physical inactivity is a cause of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, it is important to know the factors related to sporting activity. The study is conducted on a sample from Estonia, which is a country with very high mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Material and methods: The study involved 1184 participants – 639 women (aged 45.7 ±12.4 years) and 545 men (aged 45.5 ±12.1 years). The following information was gathered: leisure sports activity, age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, income, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity at work. Participants were divided into three groups using a leisure sports activity level: 1) inactive; 2) insufficient sporting activity; 3) at least minimal recommended sporting activity. Results: Statistically significant relationship (p > 0.05) was found between leisure sports activity and ethnicity, education, and income. This relationship is confirmed for men and women. In addition, statistically significant relationship was found between leisure sports activity and age, marital status, smoking, and physical activity at work for men. Conclusions: Policymakers should pay more attention to people who belong to the risk groups of low physical activity.
Local Perception of Climate Change and Adaptation in Mangrove Areas of the Cameroon Coast

Mangroves supply essential ecosystem services to tropical informal economies. In the Cameroon coastal region, the impacts of various projections on change in temperatures and precipitations sound low compared to the pressure of human activities. This survey evaluated the sensitivity of local population on the impact of climate change and the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems. An investigation carried out on 425 individuals was based on the major income and development activities, the knowledge of the subject, the information sources, the origin of changes, perceptible effects, risks and consequences. More than 90% of interviewees have heard about climate change essentially from radio (20%). Industries (47.53%) are perceived to have major responsibility for temperature (78%) and precipitation (67%) changes and increased inundation (39.07%) was perceived as the highest risk. Compared with Cartesian predictions in the area, the results have shown the sensitivity of population to local variation of climate factors. No efficient endogenous measure has been recorded. Forest and specially mangroves are the most affected ecosystems by local activities. Expected extension of the dry season could affect the natural regeneration and the structure of mangrove forests. Considering the importance of woody species in the local economies, the lack of appropriate actions and adaptation measures will lead to the total degradation of mangroves.
Credit Frictions and Household Debt in the U.S. Business Cycle: A Bayesian Evaluation

The last two decades have been characterized by a signi…cant increase in the amounts of collateralized household debt in the U.S. and the Euro Area, along with loosened …nancial constraints for households and businesses, originating from liberalized and deregulated …nancial markets. All of these facts have occurred during what has been labelled the “Great Moderation”, a period of reduced macroeconomic volatility, the causes of which are the object of theoretical and applied research. This paper proposes the estimation of a DSGE model that answers the following questions: What is the role of credit frictions faced by the household sector in explaining business cycle dynamics? How relevant are those frictions in the transmission of exogenous shocks? How well does the model …t the data, when compared to a standard New Keynesian one? The model provides empirical evidence in favor of the existence of an original transmission mechanism for monetary policy, based on the existence of collateral constrained households. The role of monetary policy is ampli…ed by the existence of nominal private debt, which generates some degree of non-neutrality in the model economy. Bayesian estimation of the structural parameters suggests the importance of such a new channel in terms of reducing the relative role traditionally assigned to nominal rigidities in the propagation of exogenous shocks.
Venüs Nektarin Çeşidinin Soğukta Muhafazası

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Mersin (Tarsus/Yenice) yöresinde yetiştirilen Venüs nektarin çeşidinin soğukta muhafaza süresi ve manav ömrünün belirlenmesidir. Meyveler, 0°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nem koşullarında 8 hafta süreyle depolanmıştır. Manav ömrünü belirlemek için depolama sırasında her hafta soğuk hava deposundan 3 yinelemeli olarak çıkartılan meyveler 20°C sıcaklık ve %65-70 oransal nem koşullarında 6 gün bekletilmişlerdir. Soğukta muhafaza sırasında haftalık olarak ve manav koşullarında bekletme sırasında 2 gün aralıkla periyodik olarak alınan meyve örneklerinde, ağırlık kaybı (%), meyve kabuk rengi (L* a* b*), meyve eti sertliği (kg-k), SÇKM (%), meyve suyu pH’sı, titre edilebilir asit (g malik asit/100 ml) içerikleri ile fizyolojik ve mantarsal bozulmalar saptanmıştır. Muhafaza sırasında ağırlık kayıpları artmış ve muhafazanın sonunda %5,0 civarında olmuştur. Meyve eti sertliği azalmış ancak, 8 haftalık muhafaza sonunda 4 kg-k’in üzerinde olmuştur. SÇKM artarken, asitlik oranı azalmıştır. Muhafaza süresi uzadıkça manav ömrü kısalmıştır. Venüs nektarin çeşidinin 0°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal neme sahip depo koşullarında 7 hafta süreyle depolanabileceği ve depolamadan sonra 4 gün manav ömrünün olduğu saptanmıştır.
The integrated water balance and soil data set of the Rollesbroichhydrological observatory

Abstract. The Rollesbroich headwater catchment located in western Germany is a densely instrumented hydrological observatory and part of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) initiative. The measurements acquired in this observatory present a comprehensive data set that contains key hydrological fluxes in addition to important hydrological states and properties. Meteorological data (i.e., precipitation, air temperature, air humidity, radiation components, and wind speed) are continuously recorded and actual evapotranspiration is measured using the eddy covariance technique. Runoff is measured at the catchment outlet with a gauging station. In addition, spatiotemporal variations in soil water content and temperature are measured at high resolution with a wireless sensor network (SoilNet). Soil physical properties were determined using standard laboratory procedures from samples taken at a large number of locations in the catchment. This comprehensive data set can be used to validate remote sensing retrievals and hydrological models, to improve the understanding of spatial temporal dynamics of soil water content, to optimize data assimilation and inverse techniques for hydrological models, and to develop upscaling and downscaling procedures of soil water content information. The complete data set is freely available online ( http://www.tereno.net , doi:10.5880/TERENO.2016.001 , doi:10.5880/TERENO.2016.004 , doi:10.5880/TERENO.2016.003 ) and additionally referenced by three persistent identifiers securing the long-term data and metadata availability.
Radiocarbon Dates of Old and Middle Kingdom Monuments in Egypt

Between 1984 and 1995 over 450 organic samples were collected from monuments built during the Old and Middle Kingdoms. The most suitable samples were selected for dating. The purpose was to establish a radiocarbon chronology with samples from secure context and collected with the careful techniques required for 14C samples. This chronology is compared to the historical chronology established by reconstructing written documentation.
The measurement of test severity , significance tests for resolution , and a unified philosophy of phylogenetic inference

463 Queiroz, K. de (2004). The measurement of test severity, significance tests for resolution, and a unified philosophy of phylogenetic inference. — Zoologica Scripta , 33 , 463–473. The philosopher Karl Popper described a concept termed degree of corroboration , C , for evaluating and comparing hypotheses according to the results of their tests. C is, fundamentally, a comparison of two likelihoods: p ( e | hb ), the likelihood of the hypothesis ( h ) in conjunction with the background knowledge ( b ), and p ( e|b ), the likelihood of b alone. C is closely related to the likelihood ratio of nested hypotheses. When phylogenetic analysis is interpreted as an attempt to assess C for a phylogenetic tree (the hypothesis, h ), several interpretations have been given for p ( e|b ). Here I describe a new interpretation that equates p ( e|b ) with the probability of the data in the absence of a hypothesis of phylogenetic resolution, that is with the likelihood of an unresolved or polytomous tree. Under this interpretation, C for a fully or partially resolved phylogenetic tree is the likelihood of that tree minus the likelihood of the corresponding unresolved tree. These same two likelihoods can be used in a likelihood ratio test (LRT) to assess the significance of the degree of corroboration of the hypothesis of phylogenetic resolution. This LRT for resolution is closely related to permutation tests for phylogenetic structure in the data, because data that evolved on a true polytomous tree are expected to be phylogenetically randomized. It therefore reconciles the interpretation of the evidence ( e ) as the distribution of character states among taxa (rather than the score of the optimal tree) with the interpretation of permutation tests as methods for assessing C. Likelihood methods are (contrary to the views of some commentators) central to understanding how Popper’s C applies to phylogenetic hypotheses, and they form the foundation of a unified and inclusive philosophy of phylogenetic inference. Kevin de Queiroz, Department of Systematic Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560–0162, U.S.A. E-mail: dequeiroz.kevin@nmnh.si. edu Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. The measurement of test severity, significance tests for resolution, and a unified philosophy of phylogenetic inference
Counterfactual impact evaluation of EU rural development programmes - Propensity Score Matching methodology applied to selected EU Member States. Volume 2: A regional approach

objective of this study is to analyze the impact of EU RD programmes on rural regions. Aggregated effects of a given RD programme at regional levels are estimated using the Rural Development Index (RDI) – a proxy describing the overall quality of life in individual rural areas. The impacts of individual RD measures are analysed by means of a counterfactual analysis by applying combination of the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) (e.g. Kernel matching) and difference-in-differences (DID) methods (i.e. by comparing supported regions and matched control group, prior to the programme and after it). Evaluation of programme effects (by programme measures) at regional level is carried out on the basis of the estimated policy parameters: Average Treatment Effects (ATE), Average Treatment on Treated (ATT) and Average Treatment on Untreated (ATU) effects by using the RDI Index and unemployment ratios as impact indicators. Given information on regional intensity to programme exposure (financial input flows by regions) the overall impact of obtained support via a given RD programme is estimated by means of a dose-response function and derivative dose-response function within the framework of a generalized propensity score matching (GPS). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis (Rosenbaum bounds) is carried out in order to assess a possible influence of unobservables on obtained results (under a binary PSM methodology). Above methodologies are empirically applied to evaluation of the impact of the SAPARD programme in Poland and Slovakia in years 2002-2005 at NUTS-4 level. Results show a full applicability of proposed approach to the measurement of the impact of rural development and structural programmes.
Pattern and prevalence of common pediatric illnesses presenting in a privatehospital in Onitsha, south east Nigeria: A comparative analysis.

Background: Pattern and distribution of common pediatric illnesses are issues often reported in government and teaching hospitals, but very few are reported from private settings. Objective: To determine the pattern and prevalence of common pediatric diseases presenting at a private pediatric specialist hospital. Material and methods: This is a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study of children seen in a private hospital from March 2012-March 2014. In all, 2942 patients were studied as seen. Diagnosis of the pediatric illnesses was made based on painstaking history taking, physical examination and thorough investigations including blood film reports, full blood counts, chest X rays, blood cultures, urine microscopy and cultures when necessary and affordable. Patients were managed according to their diagnoses. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Data was summarized using percentages and comparisons subjected to χ2 analysis with p at <0.05 as significant. These are presented in tables. Results: There were 1636 (55.6%) male patients and 1306 (44.4%) female patients. Most frequent presenting age group were those aged 0-12 months 1424 (48.4%). Malaria was most frequently found pediatric illness 737 (25%) followed by Reactive airway disease (RAD) 529 (18.0%), diarrhea disease 150 (5.1%), Sepsis 66 (2.2%), UTI 58 (2.0%), Pneumonia 22 (0.8%) and URTI 20 (0.7%), a good number were comorbidities and constituted 864 (29.4%) of the presentations. Conclusion: Malaria is the most prevalent illness noted in the study however early and accurate diagnosis of reactive airway disease will help to avert numerous complications that may follow its misdiagnosis and administration of wrong treatment.
Bank Loan Supply and Corporate Capital Structure: Recent Evidence from China

This paper provides new evidence on the supply side effects on corporate capital structure in China. We find that bank-dependent firms, which are mainly large and state-owned companies in China, increase (decrease) their leverage ratios if loan supplies increase (decrease) relative to the case for small and private firms due to the inability of small and private firms to access bank loans. With their ability to substitute between different forms of capital, large and state-owned firms are relatively less (more) likely to use internal funds and equity financing when bank loans are (not) available than are small and private firms. During the credit boom in 2009 and 2010, the large and state-owned firms increase leverage ratios by 2.26% and 2.76% more than matched firms; and small and private firms are shown to decrease leverage in this period. These findings lend support to the importance of supply side effects and bank loan segmentation on capital structure decisions.