Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological quality of castor seeds (Ricinus communis L.) after processing

Abstract: Castor bean seeds are the raw material used for extracting oil destined to pharmaceutical and industrial ends. The appropriate application of post-harvest technologies, such as processing, is required to ensure the production of top quality seeds. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the physiological quality of seeds from two castor bean genotypes, classified according to their specific mass and size. Castor seeds of the genotypes EVF102 and EVF103 were mechanically harvested and then classified with the aid of cylindrical sieves and a densimetric table. This procedure was conducted at the processing unit of the company Sementes Goiás LTDA [Goiás Seeds Co.]. Evaluations of seed physiological quality were carried out in the Seed Laboratory of Instituto Federal Goiano, following a completely randomized design. The testing was conducted in four replicates, in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme (two genotypes x two sizes x five specific masses). The following parameters were appraised: (a) mass of one thousand seeds; (b) germination; (c) germination speed index; (d) emergence test; (e) emergence speed index; (f) electrical conductivity; and (g) accelerated aging. Genotype EVF102 seeds sized 8 mm, as classified by the densimetric table, showed the highest physiological quality, considering the germination, germination speed index, and emergence. Seeds of the genotype EVF103, sorted by size, exhibited no difference in physiological quality.
Inbreeding and Mortality Risk in a Captive Population of Mhorr Gazelle (Nanger dama mhorr)

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation and examine the association of inbreeding level on mortality risk (at days 7, 30 and 180– weaning age) of Mhorr gazelle in captivity for the year 1969–2000 as recorded in the studbook record kept by Australasian Regional Association of Zoological Parks and Aquaria (ARAZPA). The effective number of founders, ancestors and founder genomes was found to be 3.42, 3, and 1.44 for the studied reference population. The reference population is composed of animals which are alive, with known parents and known sex. Animals that are less than 10 years old (based on birth dates up to 2008) with no remarks on its death are considered alive. The population may not have experienced a severe bottleneck, as the values on the effective number of founders and ancestors are almost equal. However, the effective number of founder genomes is low, which demonstrates gene loss due to genetic drift. The mean inbreeding coefficients of the individual, sire and dam were found to be 0.2971 + + + 0.1043, 0.2300 0.1141 0.2339 0.1070, respectively. The maximum inbreeding level of the population is 0.5247 (52.47%). This means that parent–offspring or full-sib mating must have happened. The increase in inbreeding level of an individual was found to be significantly associated ( < 0.10) with an increase in p mortality risk at day 180 or weaning age. Increasing inbreeding level of sires was found to be significantly associated with increasing risk in mortality at day 30, which indicates that inbred parents also can influence the survival of an offspring. Efficient breeding programs are as important for decreasing mortality in captive populations, as the provision of optimum zoo management practices.
Physico-chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of three different types of honey from Central Serbia

There are many studies dealing with the comparison of the quality and biological characteristics of honey of distinct geographical and botanical origins. However, there is scarce literary data on the physico-chemical and biological properties of different types of honey from the same production regions. Honey samples used in this study were from the following botanical origins: forest honey (honeydew), polyfloral honey and monofloral acacia honey. All samples were provided by a local beekeeper from Sumadija district (Central Serbia) and produced during the flowering season in 2018. Spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compounds in honey samples showed that the forest honey contained the highest total phenolics (806.10 mg GAE/kg) and flavonoids (146.27 mg QU/kg) contents, more than ten times higher than acacia honey (68.48 mg GAE/kg and 18.59 mg QU/kg, respectively). Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH· and ABTS·+ assays. Forest honey showed better antioxidant activity than the other examined honey samples (594.77 mg Trolox/kg for ABTS assay and 260.77 mg Trolox/kg for DPPH assay). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of honey samples against a panel of eleven bacterial and eight fungal species, along with yeast Candida albicans, showed that forest honey was the most effective in inhibition of their growth. These results suggest that forest honey has the best potential, among studied honey samples, for use in the human diet as food with valuable biological properties.
Genetic evaluation of the functional productive life in Slovak Simmental cattle

Abstract. Genetic evaluation of sires based on length of functional productive life of their daughters was carried out using a Weibull proportional hazard sire-maternal grandsire model. The data consisted of 214634 registered Slovak Simmental cows with censoring of 21.34%. Besides the random sire and maternal grandsire effects, the model included time dependent effects parity × stage of lactation interaction, within-herd standard deviations of milk production, herd × year × season interaction, change of herd size with respect to the previous year, and time independent effect age at first calving. Within-herd, the standard deviations of milk production had the most important influence on functional productive life. The highest risk of culling was found in cows with the lowest milk production class (uncompleted lactation). Risk of culling decreased with an increasing milk production class. Estimated heritability of functional productive life was 0.05 on the original scale. Breeding values of sires expressed as a risk ratio of their daughters were between −0.57 and 0.53.
Environmental levels of neonicotinoids reduce prey consumption, mobility and emergence of the damselfly
 Ischnura elegans

1. Freshwaters are among the most endangered ecosystems in the world as a result of anthropogenic interference such as pollution. Pollution in the form of neonico tinoids has been intensively studied, but data thus far is often conflicted by con trasting responses between laboratory and field experiments. In addition, toxicity data are scarce and contradictory for insects such as Odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) and a potential risk to them may therefore be overlooked. 2. We investigate the potential risk of neonicotinoids to Odonates by exposing nymphs of the blue-tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans to environmentally relevant concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. We consider I. elegans as an indicator species for other Odonates
Implementing Mastery Learning

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Alterações no carbono orgânico do solo de campo natural submetido ao plantio de Pinus taeda em três idades

O plantio de pinus em áreas de campo natural (NG) pode alterar as formas e estoques de carbono orgânico (CO) do solo. Visando quantificar essas alterações, foram determinados os teores e estoques de CO total (TOC) e das frações particulada (POC) e associadas aos minerais (CAM) em cinco camadas, entre 0,0 e 0,4 m de profundidade, do solo sob usos com NG e plantios de pinus aos cinco (P5), 16 (P16) e 21 (P21) anos. O estudo foi realizado em áreas de Cambissolo Húmico na região do planalto sul de Santa Catarina. O teor de TOC, nas diferentes camadas e usos, variou entre 15 e 45 g kg-1 e seu estoque, na soma das camadas, entre 86 e 144 Mg ha-1. O teor de POC variou entre 2 a 23 g kg-1 e seu estoque, entre 7,5 e 22 Mg ha-1, enquanto o teor de CAM variou entre 12 e 24 g kg-1 e seu estoque, entre 78 e 122 Mg ha-1. Em geral, os teores e estoques de TOC e das frações CAM e POC do solo aumentam com a idade dos plantios de pinus até 21 anos. Os teores de TOC e POC e o estoque dessa fração, em geral diminuem com a profundidade do solo sob NG e P5 e P21, mas o teor de CAM e os estoques dessa fração e do TOC geralmente não variam entre as camadas até 0,40 m de profundidade.
Human rabies epidemiology in Bali, Indonesia

Epidemiological studies against human rabies have been conducted in Bali using data were obtained from Bali Provincial of Health Office reporting system, and then the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the results show domestic dog are main vectors of human transmission while cats, monkeys, and bats do not play an important role in the spread of human rabies in Bali. Similarly, there is no indication of human to human transmission during the incubation period after dog bites and rabies victim treatment in hospital. The frequency and the number of dog bites are likely related to the highly of dogs population density in the residential sector in the region. Dog bite cases showed the highest in 2010 (24.4%) and are likely to increase following the frequency of cycle dog breeding season occurs in March, and then give birth in July when approaching the peak of the dry season in August, following the mating season in October and breeding season in March, so the next cycle of the breeding season in July and mating season in October.
Single-cell glycolytic activity regulates membrane tension and HIV-1 fusion

There has been resurgence in determining the role of host metabolism in viral infection yet deciphering how the metabolic state of single cells affects viral entry and fusion remains unknown. Here, we have developed a novel assay multiplexing genetically encoded biosensors with single virus tracking (SVT) to evaluate the influence of global metabolic processes on the success rate of virus entry in single cells. We found that cells with a lower ATP:ADP ratio prior to virus addition were less permissive to virus fusion and infection. These results indicated a relationship between host metabolic state and the likelihood for virus-cell fusion to occur. SVT revealed that HIV-1 viruses were arrested at hemifusion in glycolytically-inactive cells. Interestingly, cells acutely treated with glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) become resistant to virus infection and also display less surface membrane cholesterol. Addition of cholesterol in these in glycolytically-inactive cells rescued the virus entry block at hemifusion and enabled completion of HIV-1 fusion. Further investigation with FRET-based membrane tension and membrane-order reporters revealed a link between host cell glycolytic activity and host membrane order and tension. Indeed, cells treated with 2-DG possessed lower plasma membrane lipid order and higher tension values, respectively. Our novel imaging approach that combines lifetime imaging (FLIM) and SVT revealed not only changes in plasma membrane tension at the point of viral fusion, but also that HIV is less likely to enter cells at areas of higher membrane tension. We therefore have identified a connection between host cell glycolytic activity and membrane tension that influences HIV-1 fusion in real-time at the single-virus fusion level in live cells. As glycolytic activity sets membrane tension levels by altering cellular cholesterol surface levels, our results suggest additional previously unknown benefits of cholesterol-lowering medication in HIV-1 infection.
Using digitized museum collections to understand the effects of habitat on wing coloration in the Puerto Rican monarch

Given the recent emphasis on Lepidoptera wing color and temperature in macroecology, we briefly describe known drivers of wing color and outline the use of images for understanding color variation across space and time. As a case study, we quantify wing color using museum specimens of the non‐migratory Puerto Rican monarch. In contrast to recent findings, we report darker individuals in coastal habitats, underscoring the need to include other selection factors. We detail how international digitization initiatives can resolve this paradox by adopting standards and protocols for high‐throughput image analysis.
Occurrence of Diseases in Floricultural Crops in and around Jorhat, Assam

The objective of this study was to identify pathogenic diseases of economically important floricultural crops based on visual inspection and microscopic observation carried out during 2017-18 in and around Jorhat district of Assam. During the investigation, 3 diseases of chrysanthemum (2 fungal, 1 viral); 3 diseases of gladiolus (all fungal); 5 diseases of gerbera (all fungal), 2 diseases of rose (all fungal) and a fungal disease of marigold was identified. The diseases identified in chrysanthemum were alternaria leaf spot, sooty mould and mosaic disease. The diseases identified in Gladiolus were fusarium infection, alternaria leaf spot, curvularia leaf spot and corm rot. The diseases identified in gerbera were alternaria leaf spot, cercospora leaf spot, damping off, stemphylium infection and coniothyrium infection. Diseases identified in rose were alternaria leaf spot and cercospora leaf spot. In marigold, alternaria leaf spot was indentified causing infection to the crop. Overall pathogenic disease incidence of flower crops recorded as 60.41% in Chrysanthemum, 45.83% in Gladiolus, 55.55% in gerbera, 47.22% in rose and 45.83% in marigold. Area wise maximum disease incidence (61.11%) was observed in Borbheta area followed by Bahona( 58.33%). Lowest disease incidence was recorded in Sungi (27.77%) in Jorhat district.
Transglutaminase Shows Better Functionality on High Digestible, High Lysine Sorghum-Wheat Composite Dough and Bread, Compared to Normal Sorghum-Wheat Composites

Highly digestible high-lysine (HDHL) sorghum-wheat composites have previously been shown to produce better composite dough and bread compared to normal sorghum-wheat composites. This study aimed to test whether improved HDHL lines can provide further enhanced functionality through the effects of transglutaminase (TG) enzyme to improve dough rheological properties. Sorghum-wheat composite doughs were made using HDHL and normal sorghum flours at substitution levels of 10, 20, and 30%, with and without 0.15% TG. Rheological properties of dough were tested using a mechanical spectrometer at 0.05% strain amplitude (within the linear viscoelastic region) over a 0.01- 50 rad/sec frequency range. A more elastic system was observed in HDHL sorghum-wheat composites above 10% substitution levels compared to normal sorghum-wheat composite dough. Addition of TG to HDHL sorghum-wheat composites resulted in a decrease in phase angle values at all substitution level, indicating that TG increased the dough elasticity. However, TG did not change viscoelastic properties of normal sorghum-wheat composites. Bread from HDHL sorghum-wheat composites had significantly higher (P
Somatic embryos from Phalaenopsis classic Spotted Pink (Orchidaceae) protocorms

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to induce the formation of somatic embryos in protocorms from Phalaenopsis Classic Spotted Pink hybrids at two physiological maturation stages, namely: 80 and 120 days after seed inoculation (DASI). Protocorms were inoculated in ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 ANA and 3 mg L-1 TDZ. Protocorms were inoculated 120 days after sowing were more developed at the 15th cultivation day due to the formation of pro-embryogenic structures. It was possible seeing the formation of globular- and torpedo-stage somatic embryos at the 30th day of cultivation in somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction medium. The protocorms inoculated at the 80th DASI did not formed somatic embryos; they oxidized 20 days after cultivation in SE-induction medium. The formation of somatic embryos happened directly on the explant, thus characterizing a direct somatic embryogenesis. The embryos converted into plants when the somatic embryos were transferred to the nutrient medium containing no growth regulator. Therefore, it was concluded that the somatic embryos induction from protocorms 120 days after sowing was positive, since the embryos were able to become plants and presented vegetative organs with morphological traits similar to those of the matrix plant.
Quality assessment of cryopreserved New Zealand white rabbit spermatozoa in INRA-82 extender containing different cryoprotectants

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of INRA-82 semen extender with different cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulphoxide; DMSO vs. dimethyl formamide; DMF) on the quality of white New Zealand rabbit buck spermatozoa. We also investigated the possible association between the synergistic action of DMSO and DMF and their relation with INRA-82 extender composition. Semen was collected and pooled from 8 adult rabbit bucks. Pooled semen samples were diluted 1:1 with INRA-82 extender supplemented with DMSO 8%, DMF 8% or a combination of DMSO 4% and DMF 4%. The diluted semen samples were cryopreserved in 0.25 plastic straws. After thawing, progressive motility, sperm viability, sperm abnormalities, membrane integrity, acrosome status, viability index and DNA integrity were evaluated. The results showed that dilution of rabbit buck semen in INRA-82 supplemented with DMSO and DMF (4% each) before freezing significantly (P<0.05) improved sperm motility (42.00%), percentage of live spermatozoa (45.30%), proportions of spermatozoa with intact acrosome (59.75%) and percentage of spermatozoa with non-fragmented DNA (86.04%), compared to those diluted in INRA-82 supplemented either with DMSO 8% (+9, +10, +5 and +7 percentage points, respectively) or with DMF 8% alone (+18 +18, +12 and +9 percentage points, respectively). In conclusion, dilution of rabbit buck semen before freezing with INRA-82 extender supplemented with a combination of DMSO 4% and DMF 4% improved quality of frozen-thawed New Zealand White rabbit spermatozoa. Furthermore, our results also suggest that supplementation of INRA-82 with DMSO or with DMF alone at higher concentrations deteriorates the sperm quality.
The effects of mint tea (Mentha spicata labiatae) consumed during pregnancy on postnatal morphometric development

To investigate the effects of mint ( Mentha spicata L. ) tea consumed during pregnancy on prenatal maternal weight, length of pregnancy and morphometric development of pups in postnatal period. Twelve female (7 in mint tea group and 5 controls) and 6 male (used for mating) Wistar albino rats weighing 190-210 g were used in the study. Throughout the pregnancy, the mint tea group was given 4 ml of mint ( Mentha spicata L. ) tea at the same time every day and the control group was given 4 ml of commercial drinking water by gavage. Weights of pregnant rats in both groups were measured three times a week throughout the pregnancy. After the pups were born, morphometric growth parameters pertaining to the body, cranium, thorax and limbs were measured during newborn and lactation periods and adulthood. Pregnant rats in the MT group gained less weight during gestation than the control rats. Morphometric parameters were measured on a total of 66 pups born to rats in both groups (46 pups in the MT group; 20 pups in the control group and measurements of pups born to rats in the MT group were smaller than the control group (p<0.05). Morphometric parameters measured after six weeks showed a significant difference between females in the MT and control groups, with the females in the MT group having smaller measurements (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in morphometric parameters between males in the MT and control groups. Mint tea consumption during pregnancy has a negative effect on maternal weight gain and certain postnatal morphometric parameters, more prominently in female progenies. Therefore mint ( Mentha spicata L. ) tea consumption during pregnancy calls for caution.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Growing Naturally in El-Jabal El-Akhdar Province –Libya and its Effect on Keeping Quality of Cold Serola dumeriri Fillets

The phytochemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract produced from leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) which growing naturally in Libya were assessed. Rosemary extract showed superior scavenging activity in both of Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (259.67 μmol TE/g dw) and azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) (228.04 μmol TE/g dw). Antimicrobial activity of rosemary against 10 food-borne pathogenic bacteria and food spoilage bacteria were determined and expressed as Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). Rosemary showed considerable antimicrobial activity against different test bacteria. Namely Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter feacalis were found to be highly susceptible (MBC: ˂3.125 mg/ml) whereas Shigella sonnei and Staphylococcus aureus were the most resistant bacteria (MLC: > 25 mg/ml). Results for phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of rosemary revealed that total content of phenol and total content of flavonoid were 29.23 mg gallic acid equivalents/gm on a dry basis and 6.59 mg catechin equivalent/g on a dry basis respectively. Additionally, other components were detected consisted of saponin (35.40 mg/gm), tannins (32 mg/gm) and alkaloids (119 mg/gm). Also, rosemary extract (1% aqueous solution) was examined for preservation of Seriola Dumeriri fish fillets. Rosemary extract reduced significantly the total viable, psychrotrophic and coliform counts on fish fillets stored at 2C and extended their shelf life up to 6 days in compared with the untrated samples.
Interactive effect of sowing dates and nutrient sources on dry matter accumulation of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

A field study was conducted during 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the response of the nutrient sources and sowing dates on dry matter accumulation pattern of the Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The treatments consisted three sowing dates (November 17, November 27 and December 7) and eight nutrient sources (Control, 100% RDF, 100% RDF + Azotobactor, 100% RDF + PSB, 100% RDF + Azotobactor + PSB, 75% RDF + 25 % N through Pressmud+ Azotobactor, 75% RDF + 25 % N through PM + PSB, 75% RDF + 25 % N through PM + Azotobactor + PSB). Results revealed that interaction effect of sowing dates and nutrient sources was observed significant on dry matter accumulation. The application 75% RDF and 25% N through pressmud + Azotobactor + PSB on November 17 highest dry matter was recorded at 45 DAS (14.1, 13.4 and 13.8 g plant-1), 90 DAS (49.2, 45.3 and 47.3 g plant-1) and at harvest (53.9, 48.9 and 51.4 g plant-1), during both the years and in pooled analysis, respectively. Moreover, higher dry matter accumulation was observed at the time of harvesting (59.7, 62.5, 61.1 per cent) on 17 November sowing with the application of 75% RDF and 25% N through pressmud + Azotobactor + PSB over control of all three sowing dates during both the years, respectively. The present study highlighted the practical importance of the sowing dates and nutrient sources combination effect on dry matter accumulation of Indian mustard.