Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lennert's Lymphoma: A Variant of Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphoma?

We studied 10 cases of Lennert's lymphoma (lymphoepithelioid lymphoma) to evaluate the cellular origin of the neoplastic cells. There were six men and four women, aged 38 to 75 years (median, 56 yrs; mean, 59 yrs). The lymphoma cells tended to remain confined to lymph nodes, and extranodal involvement was rare. The mean overall survival was 42.2 months, which is relatively good compared with other peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Morphologically, the lymph node was occupied by small to large clusters of epithelioid cells interspersed with medium to large atypical lymphoid cells. In seven cases, large atypical lymphoid cells resembling Hodgkin's or Reed-Sternberg cells were observed. The phenotypes of these neoplastic cells were CD3+ CD4- CD8+ in five cases, CD3+ CD4+ CD8- in four cases, and CD3+ CD4- CD8- in one case. TIA-1 was positive by immunohistochemical staining in seven cases, whereas four cases were positive for granzyme B. Clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gene was confirmed in all cases by either Southern blot hybridization or a polymerase chain reaction-based denature gradient gel electrophoresis method. Epstein-Barr virus was negative by in situ hybridization in all but one case. Lennert's lymphoma was formerly known as a CD4+ helper T-cell neoplasm. Our results suggest that, at least in some cases, the neoplastic cells are of cytotoxic T-cell origin.
Regularity properties of fiber derivatives associated with higher-order mechanical systems

The aim of this work is to study fiber derivatives associated to Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions describing the dynamics of a higher-order autonomous dynamical system. More precisely, given a function in $T^*T^{(k-1)}Q$, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for such a function to describe the dynamics of a kth-order autonomous dynamical system, thus being a kth-order Hamiltonian function. Then, we give a suitable definition of (hyper)regularity for these higher-order Hamiltonian functions in terms of their fiber derivative. In addition, we also study an alternative characterization of the dynamics in Lagrangian submanifolds in terms of the solutions of the higher-order Euler-Lagrange equations.
Gastric emptying in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and postprandial distress syndrome--preliminary results.

BACKGROUND Gastric motor disturbances are observed in patients with both Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) forms - with (ERD) and without (NERD) esophageal inflammatory changes, and in Functional Dyspepsia (FD) patients, particularly in those with Postprandial Distress Syndrome (PDS). Gastric Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is often present in these entities. We tried to evaluate if there is any influence of Hp on gastric emptying (GE) in reflux and dyspeptic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS 25 GERD patients aged 45.7+/-13.1 yrs (10 NERD; 5 Hp+ and 5 Hp- and 15 ERD with grade A esophagitis according to Los Angeles classification; 5 Hp+ and 10 Hp-) and 15 PDS patients (5 Hp+ and 10 Hp-) aged 47.9+/-14.0 yrs participated in our study. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy, Hp status verification, stationary esopageal manometry, 24-hour ambulatory pH-metry and gastric scintigraphy with a liquid test meal. RESULTS In general, both GERD groups and PDS patients had prolonged GE (T1/2 - NERD-54.9 +/- 6.3 [min], ERD-41.7 +/- 14.8 [min] and PDS-54.3 +/- 24.8 [min] vs. 35.2 +/- 13.9 [min] in control; p<0,05). According to Hp infection, we found in both NERD and PDS groups prolonged GE in Hp+ subjects in comparison to Hp-ones (respectively: T 1/2 - 66.5 +/- 21.2 [min] vs. 43.8 +/- 11.4 [min] in NERD; p<0.05; 63.5 +/- 29.0 [min] vs. 48.0 +/- 27.7 [min] in PDS; p<0.05). These differences were less pronounced in ERD subjects: 44.5 +/- 17.7 [min] Hp+ vs. 37.4 +/- 15.2 [min] in Hp- ERD; p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both NERD and PDS patients had more decreased GE half-time compared to those with inflammatory esophageal changes. In particular groups, Hp infection was associated with slower GE rate and elongated T 1/2 in NERD and PDS group but with no effect in ERD patients.
Coding of Visual, Auditory, Rule, and Response Information in the Brain: 10 Years of Multivoxel Pattern Analysis

How is the processing of task information organized in the brain? Many views of brain function emphasize modularity, with different regions specialized for processing different types of information. However, recent accounts also highlight flexibility, pointing especially to the highly consistent pattern of frontoparietal activation across many tasks. Although early insights from functional imaging were based on overall activation levels during different cognitive operations, in the last decade many researchers have used multivoxel pattern analyses to interrogate the representational content of activations, mapping out the brain regions that make particular stimulus, rule, or response distinctions. Here, we drew on 100 searchlight decoding analyses from 57 published papers to characterize the information coded in different brain networks. The outcome was highly structured. Visual, auditory, and motor networks predominantly (but not exclusively) coded visual, auditory, and motor information, respectively. By contrast, the frontoparietal multiple-demand network was characterized by domain generality, coding visual, auditory, motor, and rule information. The contribution of the default mode network and voxels elsewhere was minor. The data suggest a balanced picture of brain organization in which sensory and motor networks are relatively specialized for information in their own domain, whereas a specific frontoparietal network acts as a domain-general “core” with the capacity to code many different aspects of a task.
Penetration of antimicrobials into tissue culture cells and leucocytes.

When exposed to HeLa cells in tissue culture for 72 hr. , antimicrobials could be categorised into three groups characterised by cell associated concentrations much lower (ampicillin, cephalexin, cloxacillin, flucloxacillin, streptomycin and trimethoprim, all 14% or less), much higher (tetracycline and polymyxins) or approximating to those extracellularly (erythromycin, lincomycin, fusidic acid and gentamicin). For kanamycin, neomycin and sulphonamides, cell associated levels were between 24 and 47% and for penicillin G and cephaloridine were 66% of those extracellularly. With mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral blood leucocytes cell associated levels for representative antibiotics were all lower after 3 hr. exposure than in the tissue culture cells. However, studies on the rate of release of cell associated antibiotic and of the effects of surface active agents indicated that the differences between cell types were due to loss of cell association during washing procedures to remove extracellular antibiotic. The effects of bactericidal antibiotics on survival of bacteria phagocytosed by mouse macrophages suggested that the cell association observed in tissue culture cells represented true intracellular penetration rather than mere binding to the cell surface. Within families of antibiotics, alterations to the molecule change cell penetration and the variations observed can not be explained merely in terms of simple diffusion, molecular size, dissociation constants, lipid solubility or protein binding.
A population-based prospective study of optic neuritis

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is often associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Early diagnosis is critical to optimal patient management. Objective: To estimate the incidence of acute ON and the rates of conversion to MS and antibody-mediated ON. Method: Population-based prospective study was performed in patients with ON from three ophthalmological departments and 44 practicing ophthalmologists from 2014 to 2016. Ophthalmological and neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), determination of aquaporin-4(AQP4)-IgG and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG were investigated blindly. Results: In all, 63 patients were evaluated and 51 fulfilled the criteria for ON. All were Caucasian, with female:male ratio of 2.2:1 and a median age of 38 years (16–66); 44 (86%) had a single episode of ON (four bilateral), while 7/51 (14%) had recurrent ON. The overall age-specific incidence was 3.28 (2.44–4.31) per 100,000 person years, 2.02 for men and 4.57 for women. At follow-up, 20 patients met the diagnostic criteria for MS, MRI lesions disseminated in space and time in 17/20 patients. AQP4-IgG was detected in none, MOG-IgG was detected in two patients. Conclusion: The prospective incidence of ON was estimated. MRI enabled a diagnosis of MS in a subgroup of patients. Antibody-mediated ON with specificity for MOG was detected in 4% of cases.
Staining bacterial smears with fluorescent antibody. II. Rapid detection of varying numbers of Malleomyces pseudomallei in contaminated materials and infected animals.

The identification of pure cultures of Malleomyces pseudomallei in dried smears by use of fluorescent antibody has been described in the previous paper (Moody et al., 1956). The present report describes the application of the method in the detection of these organisms in the presence of other bacteria, in soil, and in animal tissues. The results obtained in this investigation illustrate the potentialities of the procedure for detecting certain bacteria in the environment.
Analgesia and non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis of the hip.

OBJECTIVES To review all randomized trials of analgesics and anti-inflammatory therapy in osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. To determine which non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is the most effective, and which NSAID is the most toxic. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group's trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Medline up to August 1994. Reference lists of all trials were also manually searched. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomized controlled trials comparing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or analgesics in patients with Osteoarthritis. The trials selected for inclusion were identified by one reviewer (TT) and rechecked by a second (MH). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Qualitative assessments were performed using a quality scoring system designed for NSAID trials in rheumatoid arthritis. Both the design and analysis aspects of the trials were evaluated, each aspect being rated on a scale of 0 to 8. A quantitative method, which calculates the ratio of improvement produced by one NSAID to that produced by another, was used to rate the relative efficacy of different NSAIDs with respect to pain relief. Toxicity comparisons were made according to the reviewer findings. All quality assessments were carried out independently by two reviewers (TT, BS). All data abstraction was carried out by one reviewer (TT) and rechecked by two other reviewers (BS, GW). A consensus was reached on discrepancies. MAIN RESULTS Forty-three trials were identified, and of these, 39 evaluated NSAIDs, while four evaluated only analgesics. The median design and analysis scores were two and four respectively. Six NSAIDs were included in at least five trials. Of these, indomethacin was rated more effective in five of its seven comparisons, but more toxic in seven of 12 comparisons. Only five of the 29 (17%) NSAID comparisons found statistically significant differences in efficacy. Of the 43 RCTs identified only 17 had statistical data available for future pooling for this meta-analysis. In the case where data was missing, authors of the trials will be contacted for inclusion of data in future reviews. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS NSAID trials in patients with OA of the hip appear to be weakened by the lack of standardization of case definition of OA, and also by the lack of standardization of outcome assessments. No clear recommendations for the choice of specific NSAID therapy in hip OA can be offered at this time based on this analysis.
EFFECTS OF ASCORBATE FOLIAR APPLICATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, RELATIVE WATER CONTENT AND EXTRACT YIELD OF PURSLANE (PORTULACA OLERACEA L.) UNDER SALINITY STRESS

Ascorbate is a strong antioxidant which has remarkable biological effects on plants growth, including an improvement in plants' tolerance under salinity stress conditions. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress and its interaction with ascorbic acid was investigated on some morphological traits, cell membrane stability, leaf relative water content, and extract yield of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under greenhouse conditions. This research was down as factorial based on completely randomized design with 4 replications. The plants were treated in different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 70, 140, and 210 mM) and ascorbic acid (0, 10, and 20 mM) for 4 weeks after germination. In the treated plants with salt, increases in sodium chloride concentration reduced growth parameters such as roots and shoots fresh and dry weights, roots and shoots lengths, extract yield and relative water content (RWC). However, cell membrane stability and extract percent increased. Under the same salt stress conditions, increase in ascorbic acid concentrations improved all the studied characters, so that spraying 20 mM ascorbate conducted to the maximum amount of extract percentage (0.0054 %) and extract yield reduced (0.037 g/plant). The study also revealed that purslane is a medicinal plant with a high resistance to salinity stress and can generally be cultivated in saline soils.
Comparative study for the reliability of potassium hydroxide mount versus nail clipping biopsy in diagnosis of onychomycosis

Introduction: The clinical pictures of nail dystrophies caused by different fungi are seldom diagnostic. Mycological confirmation with appropriate diagnostic techniques including direct microscopy and fungal culture is important to ensure correct diagnosis and treatment. Microscopy can be performed using potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount and histological evaluation of nail plate specimens with the periodic acid - Schiff (PAS) method. Aim: This study was designed to compare KOH/DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) preparation with PAS of nail clippings in the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Patients and methods: Forty patients with clinically suspected onychomycosis were included. Every patient was subjected to clipping of the distal free edge of the nail plate, along with any attached subungual debris for PAS staining and histopathological examination. Another enough sample of subungual debris to which a drop of KOH/DMSO solution was added on a slide and examined using × 10 and × 40 magnification. Both PAS stained and KOH/DMSO mount samples were evaluated for the presence of hyphae and/or spores. Results : Among the 40 patients, only 30 proved to be KOH positive while 23 of PAS stained samples were positive. KOH mount has a sensitivity of 75% versus 57.5 % for PAS staining. Statistically, there was no significant differences between the two methods regarding test sensitivity (p=0.098). Conclusion: KOH test could be considered as a first line preliminary tool in diagnosis of onychomycosis while PAS staining can be used as a confirmatory method.
Internal Consistency Reliability of the Self-Report Antisocial Process Screening Device

The self-report version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) has become a popular measure for assessing psychopathic features in justice-involved adolescents. However, the internal consistency reliability of its component scales (Narcissism, Callous-Unemotional, and Impulsivity) has been questioned in several studies. This study evaluates the internal consistency reliability of the self-report APSD by examining various indices (e.g., Cronbach's alpha, mean interitem correlation) across 11 studies. Whereas the Narcissism and Impulsivity scales display moderate to good reliability, internal consistency indices for the Callous-Unemotional scale are consistently poor across studies. Suggestions are made for revisions to this scale that would substantially improve its internal consistency reliability.
Poliovirus single-stranded RNA and double-stranded RNA: differential infectivity in enucleate cells

The ability of poliovirus virion RNA and double-stranded RNA (replicative form) to replicate in enucleate mouse L cells was investigated. Virion RNA replicated successfully in the absence of the cell nucleus, whereas replicative form infection did not produce any detectable progeny in enucleate cells. The results provide direct evidence of a nuclear requirement early in the infection initiated by replicative form RNA.
Effects of Experience and Lactation on Lupine Consumption by Cattle

Abstract Lupines (Lupinus spp.) are widespread range plants that are often toxic to livestock. Some reports suggest that naïve, younger animals might consume more lupine than more experienced, older cattle. Further, lactational stress might alter forage selection, and lactating cows might eat more lupine than nonlactating cows. Thus, the objectives of these trials were to examine the influence of experience and lactation on lupine intake. Both study areas were near Ritzville, Washington, on rangeland dominated by cheatgrass or downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), with abundant velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl.). During the first trial, six naïve and six experienced Hereford cows were grazed together for 25 d during summer. There was no difference (P > 0.5) in consumption of lupine by naïve and experienced cows. Consumption peaked at 10%–14% of daily bites. During the second trial, six lactating and six nonlactating cows grazed a lupine-infested pasture for 18 d. There was no difference (P > 0.6) in consumption between lactating and dry cows. Lupine consumption gradually increased and peaked at 10%–15% of the diets. Our results suggest that experience and lactation status are probably minor considerations in livestock management schemes to reduce losses to lupine.
Texture Image Analysis using LBP and Data Compression

Texture classification is an important technology widely applied in many application fields in image processing. In this study, a novel representation method for texture image is proposed. The proposed approach is based on the consideration of using data compression to search the essential feature of frequent pattern in texture images. Furthermore, to deal with the difficult situation caused by different situations of photography, local binary pattern (LBP) is introduced to the proposed approach to reduce the numbers of varieties of patterns in texture image. Compresibility vector space is adopted in this study instead of learning phase. Based on the patterns extracted by LBP operator which are invariant to monotonic gray-level transformations, data compression helps extract the longest and frequent features. These features provide high analytical ability for texture image. The simulation results will show good performance of our approach.
The ensemble Kalman filter for combined state and parameter estimation

This article provides a fundamental theoretical basis for understanding EnKF and serves as a useful text for future users. Data assimilation and parameter-estimation problems are explained, and the concept of joint parameter and state estimation, which can be solved using ensemble methods, is presented. KF and EKF are briefly discussed before introducing and deriving EnKF. Similarities and differences between KF and EnKF are pointed out. The benefits of using EnKF with high-dimensional and highly nonlinear dynamical models are illustrated by examples. EnKF and EnKS are also derived from Bayes theorem, using a probabilistic approach. The derivation is based on the assumption that measurement errors are independent in time and the model represents a Markov process, which allows for Bayes theorem to be written in a recursive form, where measurements are processed sequentially in time. The practical implementation of the analysis scheme isdiscussed, and it is shown that it can be computed efficiently in the space spanned by the ensemble realizations. The square root scheme is discussed as an alternative method that avoids the perturbation of measurements. However, the square root scheme has other pitfalls, and it is recommended to use the symmetric square root with or without a random rotation. The random rotation introduces a stochastic component to the update, and the quality of the scheme may then not improve compared to the original stochastic EnKF scheme with perturbed measurements.
Young adults, alcohol, crime and disorder.

BACKGROUND Alcohol-related crime is increasingly being recognized as a problem in cities and towns with popular entertainment districts. Crime and disorder linked to alcohol has been particularly connected with binge drinking or heavy sessional drinking. Research evidence indicates that it is the young adult age group who are most likely to be involved in crime and disorder and the most likely to binge drink. This paper examines the relationship between binge drinking and criminal and disorderly behaviour among 18- to 24-year-olds. METHOD Secondary analysis was undertaken of the 1998/1999 Youth Lifestyles Survey, a large-scale, representative, household survey of 12- to 30-year-olds living in England and Wales. RESULTS Binge drinking, and especially male binge drinking, among 18- to 24-year-olds is statistically related to offending behaviour. In the 12 months prior to interview 39% of binge drinkers admitted to committing an offence and 60% admitted criminal and/or disorderly behaviour during or after drinking alcohol. Multivariate analysis found that binge drinking remains strongly associated with criminal and disorderly behaviour even after taking other relevant factors into account. Individuals who got drunk at least once a week had more than five times the odds of being involved in fighting or violent crime. For offences or disorderly behaviour that took place during or after drinking alcohol an individual had a seven times greater chance of breaking or damaging something and a five times greater chance of being involved in a fight if he/she got drunk at least once a week. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that frequency of drunkenness is a better predictor of offending behaviour than frequency of drinking per se. Using frequency of drunkenness as the basis for defining binge drinking reveals that a large minority of young adults who binge drink also become involved in offending or disorderly behaviour. Binge drinking is particularly associated with crimes of violence. The relationship between binge drinking and crime and disorder is stronger among young males than females.
Domain wall manipulation in magnetic nanotubes induced by electric current pulses

We propose that the injection of electric currents can be used to independently manipulate the position and chirality of vortex-like domain walls in metallic ferromagnetic nanotubes. We support this proposal upon theoretical and numerical assessment of the magnetization dynamics driven by such currents. We show that proper interplay between the tube geometry, magnitude of the electric current and the duration of a current pulse, can be used to manipulate the position, velocity and chirality of a vortex domain wall. Our calculations suggest that domain wall velocities greater than 1 km s−1 can be achieved for tube diameters of the order of 30 nm and increasing with it. We also find that the transition from steady to precessional domain wall motion occurs for very high electric current densities, of the order of 1013 A m−2. Furthermore, the great stability displayed by such chiral magnetic configurations, and the reduced Ohmic loses provided by the current pulses, lead to highly reproducible and efficient domain wall reversal mechanisms.