Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responding to the Critics : Answers to Common Questions and Concerns about the Social Norms Approach

B y A l a n D . B e r k o w i t z , P h . D . , E d i t o r , T h e R e p o r t o n S o c i a l N o r m s Editor’s Note I would like to share some reflections about responding to criticism. It seems to me that there are three possible responses to being criticized. The first is to get defensive, angry, and/or upset. Personally, I have experienced all of these emotions upon hearing the various criticisms of the social norms model. Hopefully, I have explored these emotions enough to leave them out of this working paper. A second response is to try and answer critics by clarifying any misunderstandings, misinformation, or differences in interpretation of the evidence. This working paper serves this purpose. In my opinion, most of the criticisms of the social norms approach are based on misunderstandings, misinformation, lack of familiarity with the research literature, or over-generalizations from failed interventions that were not faithful to the model. These can be easily clarified to show that the model and its effectiveness are not in question, just our understanding of it or its implementation. There is yet another response to criticism, which is to ask the question: “What can we learn from our critics? ” Is there something that I may be unaware of that is the “hook” for the criticism? Even if some of the criticism feels unfair, is there a way to go about the business of social norms that would address the criticism and teach me something at the same time, something that would make my work better? A consideration of this third dimension of criticism can lead to a generous response in which, having fully absorbed and digested the import of the criticism, we address it proactively and positively in our work. I hope that this paper contains enough of the second and third dimensions to be helpful to you, the reader. I would like to thank Richard Rice, Bill DeJong, and Koreen Johannessen for their invaluable advice and feedback in the process of writing this paper, and again to Richard Rice for contributing a section that focuses on methodological criticisms. Thank you! Alan D. Berkowitz, Ph.D. Phone: 607 387-3789 E-mail: alan@fltg.net s the social norms approach grows in popularity it has also met with criticisms and concerns. These criticisms deserve thoughtful consideration and much can be learned in the process of answering them. Anyone using the social norms approach should be aware of these criticisms and be able to respond appropriately. Theoretical, methodological, and philosophical concerns have been expressed, including whether the social norms approach is based on correct assumptions, if it is effective (both with particular populations and in general), if social norms is compatible with the underlying mission of higher education, ambivalence about funding sources, and a variety of methodological concerns relating to the validity of survey responses.
The Influence of Behavioral Bias, Cognitive Bias, and Emotional Bias on Investment Decision for College Students with Financial Literacy as the Moderating Variable

The investment gives an important moment for the economy of individuals. In making an investment decision, someone must act rationally and not rarely also be irrational. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of behavioral bias, cognitive bias, and emotional bias on investment decision, with financial literacy as a moderating variable. The sample is used 212 respondent from a college student in Investment Gallery Surabaya, using a detailed questionnaire, limited interview, and multiple regression analysis. The result obtains suggest that herding bias, risk perception, overconfidence, representativeness, and financial literacy have an effect significantly to an investment decision. While disposition effect and experience regret not to affect significantly to the investment decision. Financial literacy is not a moderating variable, but an independent variable. Financial literacy can't moderate herding bias and overconfidence to the investment decision. The result about research shows that college student in Surabaya in making investment decision base on advice from broker or friends and experience in other investment financial instrument in the past, and use information from magazine or news online dor investment decision. This study is based on decision theory, herding theory, behavioral finance theory, and prospect theory.
Evaluation of Using Secure Enclaves in Virtualized Radio Environments

Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are software applications that process network packets in virtualized environments such as clouds. Using VNFs to process network traffic inside a cloud, which could be controlled by a third-party, exposes the secrets that are stored within the VNFs to a significant amount of threats. Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are hardware technologies dedicated to protect software from other malicious applications and users. Open Enclave and Asylo are two SDKs that decouple software and hardware and enable developers to build applications that utilize TEEs without creating hardware dependencies. Open Enclave and Asylo are still in an early stage of development, Asylo in particular. The impact of integrating Open Enclave and Asylo to VNFs from a security and performance perspective was addressed by performing a risk assessment and running performance experiments. The identified vulnerabilities in VNFs were mitigated by using available security properties from TEEs. The results show that protecting VNFs with Open Enclave and Asylo mitigate a significant amount of threats. However, the VNFs suffer from a performance penalty when using TEEs, and are still vulnerable to side-channel and Denial-of-Service attacks.
THE “ DODO BIRD VERDICT ” ? GUIDELINES FOR ANALYZING THE EVOLUTION OF THE MEMETIC CODE IN PSYCHOTHERAPISTS

sional formado, usando sus conocimientos sobre los principios psicológicos, ayuda de forma individualizada a una persona que presenta un trastorno, problema o queja a afrontarlo (Wampold, 2015a). La psicoterapia ha demostrado utilidad y eficacia en múltiples problemas y trastornos, convirtiéndose en tratamiento de elección en variadas condiciones (American Psychological Association [APA], 2013). Existen varios enfoques y modelos que explican de diferente manera la forma de proceder de la psicoterapia, lo cual implica que los principios psicológicos en los que se fundamentan varían enormemente de unos a otros. A pesar de los múltiples intentos por hallar la supuesta superioridad de una orientación teórica sobre las demás, diversos estudios han puesto de manifiesto que no existe un modelo que, en términos globales, obtenga mejores resultados que otros (APA, 2013), si bien es cierto que, en cuanto al tratamiento de trastornos específicos, algunos modelos sí han mostrado ser más eficaces que sus competidores (e.g.: González-Blanch y Carral-Fernández, 2017). En este debate entre diferentes formas de entender la terapia psicológica, se ha redundado en presentar a las diferentes orientaciones como productos cerrados, con características más o menos estáticas, que pasan un proceso de elaboración científico-técnico exhaustivo antes de introducir una modificación. Esta visión ideal parece ignorar el aspecto dinámico y cultural de la psicoterapia. Hipotetizamos que la adición de un enfoque cultural al estudio de este campo puede llevar a la comprensión de aspectos no contemplados y a la superación de debates que mantienen a la disciplina atascada. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar a grandes rasgos la situación actual de la psicoterapia, presentando una teoría cultural (la memética) que nos permita un abordaje técnico de la cuestión desde una nueva óptica no explorada y plantear las implicaciones que pueden surgir en el estudio y análisis de la psicoterapia, empezando por una propuesta de comprensión del “veredicto del pájaro Dodo”.
Imaging of Glucose Metabolism by 13 C-MRI Distinguishes Pancreatic Cancer Subtypes 1 in Mice 2 3

Metabolic differences among and within tumors can be an important 20 determinant in cancer treatment outcome. However, methods for determining these differences 21 non-invasively in vivo is lacking. Using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as a model, we 22 demonstrate that tumor xenografts with a similar genetic background can be distinguished by 23 their differing rates of the metabolism of 13C labeled glucose tracers, which can be imaged 24 without hyperpolarization using newly developed techniques for noise suppression. Using this 25 method, cancer subtypes that appeared to have similar metabolic profiles based on steady state 26 metabolic measurement can be distinguished from each other. The metabolic maps from 13C27 glucose imaging localized lactate production and overall glucose metabolism to different regions 28 of some tumors. Such tumor heterogeneity was not detectable in FDG-PET. 29
CHARACTERIZATION OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA IN DIFFERENT EGYPTIAN CHICKEN FLOCKS

In the present study, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) strains from different Egyptian layers and breeders chicken flocks was carried out. Organs were collected from 55 chicken’s flocks represented 39 layers and 16 broilers and layers breeders in Egypt during the period 2016-2017. Six birds were taken from each suspected flock with a total number 330 birds that representing 234 and 96 freshly dead layers and breeders chickens, respectively. Suspected organs containing P. multocida were subjected for isolation and identification of the organism, as well as testing of pathogenicity in mice. Moreover, genotypic characterization of P. multocida isolate was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Capsular and somatic typing was done. The phenotypic and genotypic characterization results revealed that 6 flocks were positive for P. multocida out of 55 ones (10.9%). Out of 330 dead chickens, 36 (10.9%) were positive for P. multocida. All P. multocida strains were pathogenic for mice. Capsular typing of P. multocida using multiplex PCR showed that all strains were type A, while somatic typing revealed presence of types 1 and 3. It could be concluded thatP. multocida is circulating in layers and breeder chicken flocks in Egypt creating severe economic losses.
CdWO 4 Crystal in Gamma-ray Spectrometry

The properties of CdWO4 (CWO) crystals in gamma spectrometry were studied. Several small samples of 10x10x3 mm size, typically used in CT X-ray detectors, were tested and then compared to the performance of a larger crystal of 20 mm in diameter and 20 mm in height. The light output, energy resolution, and non-proportionality of the CWO response versus gamma-ray energy, were measured and compared with those of a small BGO to discuss further the origin of the intrinsic resolution of pure undoped scintillating crystals. A high light output of 6500 ± 200 phe/MeV and a good energy resolution of 6.6 ± 0.2% for 662 keV gamma rays from a Cs source were measured for the small samples coupled to an XP3212 photomultiplier. Common non-proportionality curves and consequently common intrinsic resolutions of small CWO and BGO suggest that they represent fundamental characteristics of the heavy oxide scintillating material themselves.
Characteristics of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) over Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas of Hong Kong

In urban areas, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) associated with local vehicle emissions can cause respiratory and cardiorespiratory disease and increased mortality rates, but less so in rural areas. However, Hong Kong may be a special case, since the whole territory often suffers from regional haze from nearby mainland China, as well as local sources. Therefore, to understand which areas of Hong Kong may be affected by damaging levels of fine particulates, PM2.5 data were obtained from March 2005 to February 2009 for urban, suburban, and rural air quality monitoring stations; namely Central (city area, commercial area, and urban populated area), Tsuen Wan (city area, commercial area, urban populated, and residential area), Tung Chung (suburban and residential area), Yuen Long (urban and residential area), and Tap Mun (remote rural area). To evaluate the relative contributions of regional and local pollution sources, the study aimed to test the influence of weather conditions on PM2.5 concentrations. Thus, meteorological parameters including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind directions were obtained from the Hong Kong Observatory. The results showed that Hong Kong’s air quality is mainly affected by regional aerosol emissions, either transported from the land or ocean, as similar patterns of variations in PM2.5 concentrations were observed over urban, suburban, and rural areas of Hong Kong. Only slightly higher PM2.5 concentrations were observed over urban sites, such as Central, compared to suburban and rural sites, which could be attributed to local automobile emissions. Results showed that meteorological parameters have the potential to explain 80% of the variability in daily mean PM2.5 concentrations—at Yuen Long, 77% at Tung Chung, 72% at Central, 71% at Tsuen Wan, and 67% at Tap Mun, during the spring to summer part of the year. The results provide not only a better understanding of the impact of regional long-distance transport of air pollutants on Hong Kong’s air quality but also a reference for future regional-scale collaboration on air quality management.
Protocol A Guided Workbook Intervention ( WorkPlan ) to Support Work-Related Goals Among Cancer Survivors : Protocol of a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Returning to and staying at work following illness is associated with better physical and psychological functioning. Not working has been shown to be associated with reduced self-esteem, lowered self-efficacy, and decreased belief in one's ability to return to the workplace. Although there is a growing body of research looking at what predicts return to work following cancer treatment, there are fewer studies examining interventions targeting return to work. Objective: The primary objective is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a theoretically led workbook intervention designed to support cancer patients in returning to work to inform a fully powered randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: This is a multicenter feasibility RCT where the main analysis uses a qualitative approach. Sixty participants (aged 18-65 years) who have received a diagnosis of cancer and who intend to return to work will be randomized to either the WorkPlan intervention group or a usual care group (ratio 1:1). Participants in the intervention group will receive a guided workbook intervention (which contains activities aimed at eliciting thoughts and beliefs, identifying targets and actions, and concrete steps to achieve goals) and will receive telephone support over a 4-week period. The primary outcome measure is time taken to return to work (in days), and secondary outcome measures include mood, quality of life, illness perceptions, and job satisfaction. Data will be collected through postal questionnaires administered immediately postintervention and at 6and 12-month follow-ups. In addition, interviews will be undertaken immediately postintervention (to explore acceptability of the intervention and materials) and at 12-month follow-up (to explore perceptions of participation in the trial and experiences of returning to work). Results: Enrollment for the study will be completed in May 2016. Data analysis will commence in April 2017, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in late 2017. Conclusions: Currently no standardized return-to-work intervention based on targeting cancer patient beliefs is in existence. If the intervention is shown to be feasible and acceptable, the results of this study will inform a future full RCT with the potential to provide a valuable and cost-efficient tool in supporting cancer survivors in the return-to-work process. Trial Registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): ISRCTN56342476; http://www.isrctn. com/ISRCTN56342476 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6gblhEPXd). (JMIR Res Protoc 2016;5(2):e75) doi:10.2196/resprot.5300 JMIR Res Protoc 2016 | vol. 5 | iss. 2 | e75 | p.1 http://www.researchprotocols. org/2016/2/e75/ (page number not for citation purposes) Woods et al JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
INNOVATION AND VALUE-CHAINS OF NUTRACEUTICALS : The case of marine natural products

The present research was motivated by the need to showcase exem plars of value creation and addition in the NZ seafood sector beyond catch/farming activities. Accordingly, we report a case study of innovation and value-chain management for a marine-ba sed nutraceutical, namely, Lyprinol®, which is extracted from the flesh of a NZ nat ive invertebrate, the GreenLipped Mussel. Our case analysis proceeds at two levels. The first (higher) level speaks to the breakthrough innovation of Lyprinol® while the second (lower) level s p aks to other improvements and developments in the value-chain for the product that are not as radical. Our findings confirm the need identified by Mark-Herbert for a c reative management perspective in the innovation of functional foods and nutraceuticals that blends both the entrepreneurial and strategic planning perspectives. The entrepre eurial perspective is called for in the early stages of the innovation process that require flex ibility and tolerance of ambiguity, whereas the strategic planning perspective brings conver gent thinking and formal analysis to bear upon the latter stages of the process. The case study highlights the importance of context in understanding the innovation of nutraceuticals. Thus, in the case of commercially successful ma rine natural products such as Lyprinol®, the innovation and development processes are facilitated b y both prior ethnomedical evidence that suggests the presence of interesting c ompounds in the marine organism and the relatively easy availability of the source organism for testing and subsequent commercialization. Further, the management of the value-chains of m arine-based nutraceuticals is likely to feature greater emphasis, compared with ot her nutraceuticals, on the cost-effective, consistent, and market-paced supply of raw materi al/ingredient inputs. We also discuss the managerial implications of our findings in terms of the management of the risk involved in the radical innovation of marine bio-actives.
Sequential Neural Networks as Automata Anonymous ACL submission

This work attempts to explain the types of computation that neural networks can perform by relating them to automata. We first define what it means for a real-time network with bounded precision to accept a language. A measure of network memory follows from this definition. We then characterize the classes of languages acceptable by various recurrent networks, attention, and convolutional networks. We find that LSTMs function like counter machines and relate convolutional networks to the subregular hierarchy. Overall, this work attempts to increase our understanding and ability to interpret neural networks through the lens of theory. These theoretical insights help explain neural computation, as well as the relationship between neural networks and natural language grammar.
INCREASING WINE SALES IN CASUAL RESTAURANTS ( REFEREED )

This paper examines how wine is sold to customers in restaurants and specifically examines the interaction between the wine consumer and the marketer of wine in multiunit, casual dining restaurants. According to Ben Salisbury, Vice President, Global Account Development Stimson Lane Vineyards & Estates (dba Chateau Ste Michelle) upselling is “out”, and service is “in”. Increased check averages should be the natural result of meeting guests’ needs. Servers do not like to “sell” and guests do not like to be “sold”. The real “art” of selling is finding out what people want and then helping them get it. This paper defines the wine consumer, the marketing of wine and introduces a training system for increasing wine sales in multi unit, casual restaurants.
EFFECT OF TOXOPLASMOSIS AND ITS TREATMENTS ON MALE RAT REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS

In comparison with the non infected male rats, toxoplasmosis significantly decreased serum FSH 79.7±8.2 ng/ml (P<0.01), LH 3.62±0.6 ng/ml (P<0.05), testosterone 0.96±0.1 ng/ml (P<0.01), sperm count / mg of epididymal cauda 253 ±12 X10 6 (P<0.01), sperm viability percent 28.8 ±1.8% (P<0.01), the relative weight of the testis and seminal vesicle (P<0.001), prostate (P<0.01) and epididymis (P<0.05), pregnancy rate 86%(P<0.01), litter size 6.29±0.92 (P<0.001), fetal weight 0.367±0.038g (P<0.05) and placental weight 0.282±0.012g (P<0.05); while it significantly increased sperm malformation percent 1.6 ±0.3% (P<0.001), fetal resorption rate 2.222% (P<0.05) and early fetal death percent 8.07% (P<0.01). Sulphadiazine or pyrimethamine can enhance some of the fertility parameter in toxoplasma infected rats, but they were not free from adverse effects which decreased pregnancy rate, litter size, fetal weight and increased fetal resorption and early fetal death.
PAPR reduction on MC-CDMA : a survey

Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) is a promising technology for 4G wireless communication systems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA), which convert frequency selective channel to several flat fading channels thereby eliminating ISI and in turn need of equalization. Like all other multicarrier techniques MC-CDMA also suffers from high Peak-to-Average Power (PAPR) problem. To combat the problem of high PAPR, many techniques have been proposed. In this paper we have surveyed those techniques and analyzed that PAPR reduction is the non linear programming problem which is solved by optimization algorithms. Later we found that firefly algorithm is best suited algorithm based on previous study.
The Shareholder Wealth Effects of Insurance Securitization : The Case of Catastrophe Bonds *

Insurance securitization has long been hailed as an important tool to increase the underwriting capacity for companies exposed to catastrophe-related risks. However, global volumes of insurance securitization have remained low to date raising questions over its benefits. In this paper, we examine changes in the market value of firms which announce their engagement in insurance securitization by issuing catastrophe (Cat) bonds. Using a unique sample which consists of the near population of Cat bond issues by listed companies so far, we report some limited evidence that Cat bonds have positive performance effects as captured by wealth gains for shareholders in the issuing firm. More important, however, gains from Cat bonds appear to be linked to issuers optimizing the cost of catastrophe risk underwriting. Thus, abnormal returns are particularly large for issues by firms whose risk-profile will make it difficult to obtain competitively-priced reinsurance coverage as well as for issues during periods when prices for catastrophe coverage (including Cat bonds) are low. JEL codes: G20, G22, G32