Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell Surface Labeling and Mass Spectrometry Reveal Diversity of Cell Surface Markers and Signaling Molecules Expressed in Undifferentiated Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells *S

Although interactions between cell surface proteins and extracellular ligands are key to initiating embryonic stem cell differentiation to specific cell lineages, the plasma membrane protein components of these cells are largely unknown. We describe here a group of proteins expressed on the surface of the undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cell line D3. These proteins were identified using a combination of cell surface labeling with biotin, subcellular fractionation of plasma membranes, and mass spectrometry-based protein identification technology. From 965 unique peptides carrying biotin labels, we assigned 324 proteins including 235 proteins that have putative signal sequences and/or transmembrane segments. Receptors, transporters, and cell adhesion molecules were the major classes of proteins identified. Besides known cell surface markers of embryonic stem cells, such as alkaline phosphatase, the analysis identified 59 clusters of differentiation-related molecules and more than 80 components of multiple cell signaling pathways that are characteristic of a number of different cell lineages. We identified receptors for leukemia-inhibitory factor, interleukin 6, and bone morphogenetic protein, which play critical roles in the maintenance of undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells. We also identified receptors for growth factors/cytokines, such as fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, ephrin, Hedgehog, and Wnt, which transduce signals for cell differentiation and embryonic development. Finally we identified a variety of integrins, cell adhesion molecules, and matrix metalloproteases. These results suggest that D3 cells express diverse cell surface proteins that function to maintain pluripotency, enabling cells to respond to various external signals that initiate differentiation into a variety of cell types.
On-plant survival and inheritance of resistance to Cry1Ab toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in a field-derived strain of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.

BACKGROUND The high dose plus refuge is one of the major components of the resistance management plan mandated for transgenic corn expressing Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) that targets the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). This strategy was based on assumptions such as functional recessive inheritance, which has not been previously tested for O. nubilalis. The authors used a field-derived resistant strain of O. nubilalis to define the nature of resistance to Cry1Ab toxin by examining the inheritance and on-plant survival of susceptible and resistant insects and their F(1) progeny. RESULTS The resistant strain exhibited > 800-fold resistance to Cry1Ab. Resistance was primarily autosomal and controlled by more than one locus or multiple alleles at one locus. The degree of dominance D calculated on the basis of LC(50) values was - 0.45(h' = 0.27), indicating that resistance was incompletely recessive. No survivors were found on vegetative-stage Bt corn, although both resistant larvae and their F(1) progeny were able to survive on reproductive corn 15 days after infestation. CONCLUSIONS A field derived O. nubilalis strain exhibited high levels of resistance to Cry1Ab and survived on transgenic corn by feeding on tissues with low Cry1Ab expression. The Cry1Ab resistance was primarily autosomal, incompletely recessive and polygenic. Tissue and on-plant survival data indicated that dominance varies depending on plant stage.
Cyclic double struck capital Fq-linear double struck capital Fqt-codes

In Calderbank, self-orthogonal additive codes over double struck capital F 4 under the traceinner product were connected to binary quantum codes; a similar connection was given in the non-binary case in Rains. In this paper, we consider a natural generalisation of additive codes to double struck capital F q-linear double struck capital F q t-codes. We develop the theory of these codes when they are cyclic and count them. Then, we place two different trace inner products on these codes and decide precisely when the cyclic ones are self-orthogonal under these two inner products. We examine the case t = 2 in detail giving specific bases for the self-orthogonal and self-dual cyclic codes. When t ≥ 2, we present counts for the number of self-orthogonal and self-dual cyclic codes under each of the inner products.
Evaluation of the SenseWear Pro Armband to assess energy expenditure during exercise.

PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of the SenseWear Pro Armband for estimating energy expenditure during exercise. METHODS : Forty subjects (age = 23.2 +/- 3.8 yr; body mass index = 23.8 +/- 3.1 kg x m) performed four exercises (walking, cycling, stepping, arm ergometry) with each exercise lasting 20-30 min and workload increasing at 10-min intervals. Subjects wore the SenseWear Pro Armband on the right arm, and energy expenditure was estimated using proprietary equations developed by the manufacturer. Estimated energy expenditure from the SenseWear Pro Armband was compared with energy expenditure determined from indirect open-circuit calorimetry, which served as the criterion measure. RESULTS : When a generalized proprietary algorithm was applied to the data, the SenseWear Pro Armband significantly underestimated total energy expenditure by 14.9 +/- 17.5 kcal (6.9 +/- 8.5%) during walking exercise, 32.4 +/- 18.8 kcal (28.9 +/- 13.5%) during cycle ergometry, 28.2 +/- 20.3 kcal (17.7 +/- 11.8%) during stepping exercise, and overestimated total energy expenditure by 21.7 +/- 8.7 kcal (29.3 +/- 13.8%) during arm ergometer exercise (P < or = 0.001). At the request of the investigators, exercise-specific algorithms were developed by the manufacturer and applied to the data that resulted in nonsignificant differences in total energy expenditure between indirect calorimetry and the SenseWear Pro Armband of 4.6 +/- 18.1 kcal (2.8 +/- 9.4%), 0.3 +/- 11.3 kcal (0.9 +/- 10.7%), 2.5 +/- 18.3 kcal (0.9 +/- 11.9%), and 3.2 +/- 8.1 kcal (3.8 +/- 9.9%) for the walk, cycle ergometer, step, and arm ergometer exercises, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It appears that it is necessary to apply exercise-specific algorithms to the SenseWear Pro Armband to enhance the accuracy of estimating energy expenditure during periods of exercise. When exercise-specific algorithms are used, the SenseWear Pro Armband provides an accurate estimate of energy expenditure when compared to indirect calorimetry during exercise periods examined in this study.
An empirical study of FORTRAN programs

A sample of programs, written in FORTRAN by a wide variety of people for a wide variety of applications, was chosen ‘at random’ in an attempt to discover quantitatively ‘what programmers really do’. Statistical results of this survey are presented here, together with some of their apparent implications for future work in compiler design. The principal conclusion which may be drawn is the importance of a program ‘profile’, namely a table of frequency counts which record how often each statement is performed in a typical run; there are strong indications that profile‐keeping should become a standard practice in all computer systems, for casual users as well as system programmers. This paper is the report of a three month study undertaken by the author and about a dozen students and representatives of the software industry during the summer of 1970. It is hoped that a reader who studies this report will obtain a fairly clear conception of how FORTRAN is being used, and what compilers can do about it.
Importance of an education programme for patients with chronic widespread pain

The structured education programme for patients with chronic widespread pain is the first stage of the interdisciplinary group-based rehabilitation programme for those patients at the University Rehabilitation Institute in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The aim of our pilot study was to investigate the impact of the education programme on the patients’ attribution of pain as dangerous. Ninety-three participants with chronic widespread pain volunteered for the study. They were first screened to verify whether they were suitable for inclusion in the rehabilitation programme. They filled in the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia as part of the screening and after the education programme. The results showed a statistically significantly reduced fear of movement and catastrophizing. Hence, the education programme appears to be achieving its goals.
Adacolumn for selective leukocytapheresis as a non‐pharmacological treatment for patients with disorders of the immune system: An adjunct or an alternative to drug therapy?

Inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases like ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) are debilitating chronic disorders that poorly respond to pharmacological interventions. Further, drug therapy has adverse effects that add to disease complications. The current thinking is that disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reflect an over exuberant immune activation driven by cytokines including TNF‐α. Major sources of cytokines include myeloid leukocytes (granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages), which in IBD are elevated with activation behavior and are found in vast numbers within the inflamed intestinal mucosa. Accordingly, myeloid cells should be the targets of therapy. Adacolumn is filled with cellulose acetate beads that selectively adsorb and deplete myeloid cells and a small fraction of lymphocytes (FcγR and complement receptors bearing cells). In one study, 20 steroid naive patients with moderate (n = 14) or severe (n = 6) UC according to Rachmilewitz despite 1.5–2.25g/day of 5‐aminosalicylic acid received 6 to 10 Adacolumn sessions at 2 sessions/week. Efficacy was assessed 1 week after the last session. The majority of patients responded to 6 sessions, 17 (85%) achieved remission. In 2 of the 3 non‐responders, CAI was 8 and 12 in 1; all 3 had deep colonic ulcers at study initiation. Decreases were seen in total leukocytes (P = 0.003), % neutrophils (P = 0.003), % monocytes (P = 0.004), an increase in lymphocytes (P = 0.001), decreases in C‐reactive protein (P = 0.0002), and rises in blood levels of soluble TNF‐α receptors I (P = 0.0007), II (P = 0.0045). In a separate study, a case with very severe steroid refractory UC who received up to 11 sessions responded well and avoided colectomy. Further, myeloid cell purging with Adacolumn has been associated with the release of IL‐1 receptor antagonist, suppression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, down‐modulation of L‐selectin and the chemokine receptor CXCR3. In conclusion, selective depletion of myeloid cells appears to induce anti‐inflammatory effects and represents a non‐pharmacological treatment for patients with active IBD. The treatment has a clear drug‐sparing role. Changes in blood levels of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory factors are thought to contribute to the efficacy of this procedure. J. Clin. Apheresis © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency and MIMO impact on ray tracing based UWB channel modelling

It is a challenging task to handle dense multipath environment in a wireless communication channel. Various techniques were suggested to handle this issue such as power control, antenna, time and frequency diversity etc. However, antenna diversity is considered to be the most practical way to handle multipath fading. In this paper, a deterministic UWB channel model was developed based on ray-tracing technique using the art of 3D computer game technology. Reflection, refraction and scattering phenomena were successfully implemented. The model was then enhanced to use multiple antennas on both sides of the system. Simulation results show great improvement in channel impulse response (CIR) in case of multiple antennas. Moreover, the frequency effect on channel impulse response was analyzed for 500 MHz–4 GHz range. Our results indicate that the change in frequency does not affect the channel behaviour a lot but changes the pattern of received rays.
Protection Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Generated by a Recombinant Adenovirus Vector Expressing the Vβ8.2 TCR Is Disrupted by Coadministration with Vectors Expressing Either IL-4 or -101

Adenovirus vectors are increasingly being used for genetic vaccination and may prove highly suitable for intervention in different pathological conditions due to their capacity to generate high level, transient gene expression. In this study, we report the use of a recombinant adenovirus vector to induce regulatory responses for the prevention of autoimmune diseases through transient expression of a TCR β-chain. Immunization of B10.PL mice with a recombinant adenovirus expressing the TCR Vβ8. 2 chain (Ad5E1 mVβ8.2), resulted in induction of regulatory type 1 CD4 T cells, directed against the framework region 3 determinant within the B5 peptide (aa 76–101) of the Vβ8. 2 chain. This determinant is readily processed and displayed in an I-Au context, on ambient APC. Transient genetic delivery of the TCR Vβ8. 2 chain protected mice from Ag-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, when the Ad5E1 mVβ8. 2 vector was coadministered with either an IL-4- or IL-10-expressing vector, regulation was disrupted and disease was exacerbated. These results highlight the importance of the Th1-like cytokine requirement necessary for the generation and activity of effective regulatory T cells in this model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF FERMI GAMMA-RAY BURST DATA. III. ENERGY-DEPENDENT T90 DISTRIBUTIONS OF GBM GRBs AND INSTRUMENTAL SELECTION EFFECT ON DURATION CLASSIFICATION

The durations (T90) of 315 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected with Fermi/GBM (8–1000 keV) up to 2011 September are calculated using the Bayesian Block method. We compare the T90 distributions between this sample and those derived from previous/current GRB missions. We show that the T90 distribution of this GRB sample is bimodal, with a statistical significance level comparable to those derived from the BeppoSAX/GRBM sample and the Swift/BAT sample, but lower than that derived from the CGRO/BATSE sample. The short-to-long GRB number ratio is also much lower than that derived from the BATSE sample, i.e., 1:6.5 versus 1:3. We measure T90 in several bands, i.e., 8–15, 15–25, 25–50, 50–100, 100–350, and 350–1000 keV, to investigate the energy-dependence effect of the bimodal T90 distribution. It is found that the bimodal feature is well observed in the 50–100 and 100–350 keV bands, but is only marginally acceptable in the 25–50 keV and 350–1000 keV bands. The hypothesis of bimodality is confidently rejected in the 8–15 and 15–25 keV bands. The T90 distributions in these bands are roughly consistent with those observed by missions with similar energy bands. The parameter T90 as a function of energy follows for long GRBs. Considering the erratic X-ray and optical flares, the duration of a burst would be even longer for most GRBs. Our results, together with the observed extended emission of some short GRBs, indicate that the central engine activity timescale would be much longer than T90 for both long and short GRBs and the observed bimodal T90 distribution may be due to an instrumental selection effect.
A portable non-invasive blood glucose monitoring device

Diabetes is known as one of the life threatening diseases in the world that occurs not only among adults and elderly, but also among infants and children. Blood glucose measurements are essential for diabetes patients to determine their insulin dose intake and continuous monitoring is vital to ensure that glucose level is always within the normal range. The commonly used methods to measure glucose level in blood are invasive which are high in accuracy but are usually painful and has higher risk of infections. As an alternative, non-invasive techniques are introduced to develop pain free glucose measuring methods. In this paper, a portable non-invasive blood glucose monitoring device is developed using near infrared sensors. Besides being able to detect glucose concentration in blood, the device is also able to display the glucose level and the required insulin dose, corresponding to the body mass index (BMI) of the user. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments proved the reliability of the device. Results of the experiments proved that the device is reliable in glucose detection with 4% - 16% accuracy compared to the common invasive finger-prick method.
Thermoacoustic Analysis of the Dynamic Pressure inside a Model Combustor during Limit Cycle Oscillations

In this work comprehensive experimental and numerical studies incorporating the most relevant physical mechanisms causing limit cycle pressure and combustion rate oscillations (LCO) in a laboratory scale combustor will be discussed. The strong interaction between the aerodynamics-combustion-acoustic oscillations (ACA), and under specific conditions the aerodynamics-combustion-structural vibrations (ACS), is studied by a careful selection of experiments and numerical simulations performed using commercially available computational models. It is shown predominantly that the convective time scales due to the aerodynamics at the flame stabilizer and the time period related to acoustic propagation have to be of the same order in magnitude to be able to drive the system into LCO. The measurements indicated that the frequency spectrum of the oscillations of the LCO has a distinct peak close to the natural mode of the combustor along with higher order “harmonics” due to non-linear effects. Some non-harmonic higher order peaks are observed that are associated with the structural (liner) natural frequencies of vibration. A numerical simulation has been performed using the commercial code (ANSYS V13.0) that includes the effects of fluid-structure interaction by means of pressure load transfer on to the structure and vice-versa. The fluid domain is modeled using CFX and the structural domain is represented by ANSYS. The information is exchanged between the two domains dynamically at every time step computed. In order to reduce the computational effort and quickly gain insight into the problem only a 2 mm slice of the whole geometry has been considered making it essentially a 2D analysis. The good agreement between the model and measured instability frequencies shows a very promising approach in predicting the limit cycle oscillations in this kind of configurations.
Deep learning approach to bacterial colony classification

In microbiology it is diagnostically useful to recognize various genera and species of bacteria. It can be achieved using computer-aided methods, which make the recognition processes more automatic and thus significantly reduce the time necessary for the classification. Moreover, in case of diagnostic uncertainty (the misleading similarity in shape or structure of bacterial cells), such methods can minimize the risk of incorrect recognition. In this article, we apply the state of the art method for texture analysis to classify genera and species of bacteria. This method uses deep Convolutional Neural Networks to obtain image descriptors, which are then encoded and classified with Support Vector Machine or Random Forest. To evaluate this approach and to make it comparable with other approaches, we provide a new dataset of images. DIBaS dataset (Digital Image of Bacterial Species) contains 660 images with 33 different genera and species of bacteria.
A snapshot of key information systems (IS) issues in Estonian organizations for the 2000s

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight key information system (IS) issues in Estonian organizations for the mid‐2000s. This research is a follow‐up to an initial effort in the country in 1993, in which a similar theme was investigated. The primary objective of this present study was to compare and contrast the findings in the previous study with the present effort.Design/methodology/approach – The Delphi method was used. Viewpoints of both information technology (IT) professionals and non‐IT professionals (business managers) in the country were sought across two rounds of the Delphi method.Findings – The findings suggest the following: the past decade has produced salient changes in the ranking of key IS issues for Estonia; it appears that there is a convergence of opinions on key IS issues in both the Estonian public and private sectors; and there are significant differences in key IS issues across professional groupings (IT and non‐IT). Research limitations/implications – The ranking of issu.
5-mm-resolution optical-frequency-domain reflectometry using a coded phase-reversal modulator.

Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) methods [1] which make use of swept frequency optical modulation intensity sources are resolution limited by the available bandwidths of the microwave to optical intensity transducers. The recently introduced coded phase reversal modulators [2] make use of coded electrode patterns to achieve extended bandwidths while maintaining low drive power. These devices make feasible the extension of OFDR measurements to previously unattainable resolutions, as demonstrated in this paper.
Self-Poisoning

The experience of self-poisoning at Stracathro Hospital during 1961–70 has been reviewed. The annual incidence among adult medical admissions rose from 0.7 per cent to 3.1 per cent. It involved mainly the young, the female, the urban dweller, and a relatively high proportion of single, divorced or separated subjects, and occurred mainly at the weekends. Depression was the common associated psychiatric disorder. Suicide was intended more frequently than is noted in the cities.
Morphological changes in Escherichia coli strain C produced by treatments affecting deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.

SUMMARY: Unusual swollen and branched cell forms were produced in a thymineless mutant of Escherichia coli strain c by treatment with mitomycin C, and to lesser extents, by incubation without thymine and by exposure to ultraviolet light. In the case of mitomycin C treatment the morphological changes were accompanied at first by degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), later by degradation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and inhibition of protein synthesis, and throughout by inhibition of DNA synthesis and extensive loss in viability. Thymineless incubation prevented DNA synthesis and also resulted in extensive killing. Cultures incubated after exposure to ultraviolet light exhibited a small amount of DNA degradation and a lag in DNA synthesis. Upon prolonged incubation with mitomycin C or without thymine many of the abnormal forms became very enlarged and eventually lysed. No evidence of bacteriophage or bacteriocin could be detected in the treated cells.
Relations of Social Problem Solving with Interpersonal Competence in Japanese Students

To clarify the relations of the dimensions of social problem solving with those of interpersonal competence in a sample of 234 Japanese college students, Japanese versions of the Social Problem-solving Inventory–Revised and the Social Skill Scale were administered. Pearson correlations between the two sets of variables were low, but higher within each set of subscales. Cronbach's α was low for four subscales assessing interpersonal competence.