Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of Soybean Nodule Formation by a Crack Fertilization Technique

Abstract Enhancement of nitrogen fixation activities by a cultivation technique is one of the potential targets to improve soybean yield in Japan. A cultivation technique named “crack fertilization” is described and the nodulation control by this technique is analyzed by experiments in two fields with different soil and environmental conditions, and a root box experiment. Crack fertilization is a technique that utilizes the irregularly shaped soil cracks formed by subsoiling just before the flowering stage of soybean, and introduces root nodule bacteria, fertilizers, and so on to the deep subsoil layer. Production of ureide-form nitrogen at six weeks after the crack fertilization (only nodule bacteria application to the subsoil layer) was 1.4 times higher than the control in the Hikone field. Acetylene reduction activity at four or eight weeks after the crack fertilization (application of both nodule bacteria and low level of fertilizer to the subsoil layer) tended to be higher than in the control in both fields. In the root box experiment, nodule number was four times higher than that in the control at the lower portion of the root system, where modified crack fertilization treatment was conducted, and the acetylene reduction activity was increased significantly by the treatment. These results indicated that the soybean nodulation control, i.e., timing and position of nodulation, as well as the enhancement of nitrogen fixation activity could be achieved by this crack fertilization technique.
Whole Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Godawee, a Salt Tolerant Indica Rice Variety

Godawee is a cultivated salt tolerant Oryza sativa rice variety indigenous to Sri Lanka, but its genetic basis is unknown. The whole genome of Godawee was sequenced using Illumina paired-end technology. The reads were mapped to Oryza sativa Nipponbare reference genome. Investigation of genome wide variation patterns resulted in the identification of 2,231,717 SNPs and 480,460 InDels. In silico analysis identified 192,249 non-synonymous SNPs in 31,287 genes. Variants in 28 Salt Tolerance Related Genes (STRGs) were examined. The OsHKT 2;1 gene had the largest number of SNPs in comparison to the reference genome. 16 non-synonymous SNPs that were predicted to have functional effects either by SIFT, Provean or SNAP algorithms were detected in the STRGs. The upstream regions of the STRGs were examined for cis-regulatory elements found in STIFDB, Plant CARE and PLACE databases. The most striking of this was the WRKY cis-acting family of elements which were found in abundance in the upstream regions of OsAPx8, OsMSR2, OsTIR1, OsHKT2;3, OsHKT14 and OsSOS1 genes. Sequencing and whole genome analysis of Godawee helped to understand the genetic basis of its salinity tolerance which is a complex trait involving multiple factors.
Small to mid-sized stellarator experiments: topology, confinement and turbulence

The very large stellarator experiments LHD (operating) and W7X (under construction) move stellarator-confined plasmas into the near-reactor regime. Continuing experiments on smaller devices operating at heating powers from kilowatts to a few megawatts are exploring the effects of magnetic configuration stability and turbulence on plasma confinement to improve stellarator performance and our understanding of general toroidal confinement physics. Key issues being explored are the relation of rational magnetic surfaces and magnetic configuration characteristics such as helical ripple to plasma transport, confinement scaling and turbulence. The robust macroscopic stability of currentless stellarator plasma is a major contributing factor to these studies. Many of the phenomena most clearly evident in stellarators are increasingly implicated in tokamak experiments as well.
The Importance of the Obesity Paradox in Cardiac Surgery

Carmelo Dominici1 , Giovanni Mariscalco2*, Saverio Nardella1 and Daniele Maselli1 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Unit, S. Anna Hospital Catanzaro, Italy 2Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK *Corresponding author: Giovanni Mariscalco, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK, Tel: 4401162583019; E-mail: giovannimariscalco@yahoo.it
PREDICTING DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH USING EXPERIMENTS AND PATH ANALYSIS'

Determining the strengths of interactions among species in natural com- munities presents a major challenge to ecology. Using an approach combining experimental perturbations and path analysis, I examined the mechanisms by which birds directly and indirectly affected other members of an intertidal community, evaluated alternative causal hypotheses, and predicted whether interactions among other unmanipulated species would be strong or weak. Comparing treatments with t tests indicated that excluding bird predators with cages caused increases in Pollicipes polymerus, and declines in Nucella spp. , Mytilus californianus, and Semibalanus cariosus. However, these conclusions provided no insight into the underlying mechanisms causing the differences. Path analysis permitted insight into the causal mechanisms by making a variety of predictions about the strength of direct interactions: (a) Bird predation negatively affects Pollicipes, but not Nucella, Leptasterias, or Mytilus; (b) Pollicipes reduces Semibalanus and Mytilus abundance because of space competition; (c) Mytilus reduces Semibalanus cover through competition for space; and (d) as prey species, Semibalanus and Pollicipes enhance Nucella density, but Nucella pre- dation does not have important effects on Semibalanus or Pollicipes. Based on the estimated strength of direct interactions, the importance of indirect effects among species could also be predicted. In experiments manipulating Nucella, Pollicipes, Semibalanus, and birds independently of one another, I tested 11 of the interactions predicted by the path analysis; all were supported. Path analysis in conjunction with limited experiments may provide an efficient means to predict important direct and indirect interactions among unmanipulated species within ecological communities.
COMPARISON OF PREVALENCE OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME IN SWIMMER AND NON-SWIMMER STUDENTS: A HISTORICAL COHORT STUDY

A number of studies have examined the role of aerobic exercise and evidence suggests this may be an effective therapy for premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The aim of this study was to assess the PMS symptoms between swimmer and non-swimmer female students. Two hundred eighty subjects were studied. One hundred forty subjects were swimmers, while 140 were normal sedentary controls. Duration of swimming per week, and the length of exercise were asked from the case group. The predominant symptom of PMS was determined. PMS occurred in 36.2% and 22.8% of non-swimmers and swimmers, respectively ( P = 0.00). The prevalence of premenstrual symptoms differ in the two group studied. There was no complaint about items asked in 35 (25%) and 13 (9.9%) of swimmers and non-swimmers, respectively ( P = 0.000). In 11 (7.9%) swimmers, there was a problem in more than 50% of items asked, whereas 48 (17.1 %) non-swimmers had complaints in this range ( P = 0.00). The prevalence of feeling more irritable, tend to eat more than usual or at irregular hours, easily distracted, restless behavior noticeable by others, feeling more angry, physical symptoms, change in mood without obvious reason, significant swelling in breasts, ankles, and abdomen, marked change in sexual desire, avoiding some social commitments, and decreasing desire to have communication with males were significantly lower in swimmers. A erobic exercise has been found in epidemiologic studies to be associated with fewer reported premenstrual symptoms. Swimming is one of aerobic exercises which can be used in relation to this issue.
Tissue Trauma Induced By Lens Fragmentation Patterns in Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery

Background: To evaluate cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), laser time, central corneal thickness and endothelial cell loss after two different fragmentation pattern by means of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). Methods: Eighty eyes of 80 patients that underwent FLACS w ere randomized in two groups: mixed chop and dice lens fragmentation pattern (group 1 with 40 eyes) and mixed chop and cylindrical lens fragmentation pattern (group 2 with 40 eyes). Results: Cumulative dissipated energy was significantly low er in group 1 compared to group 2 (p<0.001). Postoperatively there was a decrement of endothelial cells count at the centre of the cornea in both groups compared with preoperative values with greater decrease in Group 2 (p<0.001). The thickness at the tunnel site showed a greater increase in group 2 compared to group 1 immediately after surgery (p<0.001) The thickness measured at the center of the cornea increased slightly immediately after surgery and showed a similar decrease in both groups. The increase was greater in Group 2 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Both lens fragmentation patterns w ere effective in nucleus disassembly. Nevertheless dice pattern was related with a lower amount of CDE and induced lower central endothelial cell loss and lower increase of corneal thickness. DOI : Coming Soon Correspondence Author: Lisa Toto, MD, Ophthalmology Clinic, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, Italy. Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy. Fax: +39 0871-358794. Telephone: +39-0871-358410. Email: l.toto@unich.it
Finishing strategies for steers based on pasture or silage plus grain and time on feed and their effects on beef quality

The aims of the present study were to compare the quality of grain-fed and pasture-fed beef and to assess the effects of two feeding periods on grain for finishing steers. A group of 75 steers were fed one of 5 finishing diets ( n = 15 per diet): pasture for 90 d (P), oat grain plus pasture silage for 35 d (SO), oat grain plus pasture silage for 75 d (LO), wheat grain plus pasture silage for 35 d (SW), and wheat grain plus pasture silage for 75 d (LW). The physicochemical and sensory attributes and the fatty acid composition of the longissimus lumborum muscle were determined. The beef from pasture-fed animals tended to be tenderer, darker, less red, and with yellower fat than the beef from grain-fed steers. The beef from steers fed wheat plus silage for 75 d had lower tenderness scores than beef from steers fed for 35 d on grain plus silage. The beef from pasture-fed steers had higher levels of conjugated linoleic acid c -9 t -11 and n -3 fatty acids and a lower n -6: n -3 fatty acid ratio than the beef from grain-fed steers. The time fed on grain plus silage had a significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the beef from steers fed wheat, but no similar effect was observed in beef from steers fed oats. However, the n -6: n -3 ratio of beef was more favorable when steers were fed grain (wheat or oats) plus silage for 35 d than for 75 d. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la calidad de carne de novillos finalizados con pradera y grano, como tambien, evaluar el impacto de dos periodos de finalizacion con grano. Un grupo de 75 novillos se alimento en cinco diferentes dietas: ( n = 15 por dieta): pradera por 90 dias (P), avena mas ensilaje de pradera por 35 dias (SO), avena mas ensilaje de pradera por 75 dias (LO), trigo mas ensilaje de pradera por 35 dias (SW) y trigo mas ensilaje de pradera por 75 dias. En el musculo longissimus lumborum , se determinaron analisis fisicoquimicos, sensoriales y de acidos grasos. La carne de los animales alimentados en pradera tiende a ser mas tierna, oscura, menos roja y con una grasa mas amarilla que la obtenida a partir de granos. La carne de novillos alimentados con trigo mas ensilaje por 75 dias tiene menor terneza que la obtenida en la engorda con grano mas ensilaje por 35 dias. La carne de novillos finalizados a pradera tiene mayores niveles de acido linoleico conjugado c -9 t -11, acidos grasos n -3 y un baja relacion de los acidos grasos n -6: n -3 en comparacion de la carne obtenida de novillos alimentados con granos mas ensilaje. El tiempo en grano mas ensilaje tiene un efecto significativo en la composicion de acidos grasos de la carne cuando se utiliza el grano de trigo pero no la avena. Sin embargo, la relacion de los acidos grasos n -6: n -3 de la carne fue mas favorable cuando los novillos fueron alimentados con grano (trigo o avena) mas ensilaje por 35 dias en comparacion a los engordados por 75 dias.
Global Distribution of Non‐algal Particles From Ocean Color Data and Implications for Phytoplankton Biomass Detection

In the last few decades, phytoplankton biomass has been commonly studied from space. However, satellite analysis of non‐algal particles (NAPs), including heterotrophic bacteria and viruses, is relatively recent. In this work, we estimate the backscattering coefficient associated with the NAP fraction that does not covary with chlorophyll based on satellite particulate backscattering coefficient and chlorophyll (bbpNAP). bbpNAP is computed at 100‐km resolution using 19 years of monthly satellite data. We find clear differences in bbpNAP between northern and southern oceans. High bbpNAP values are found in the Arctic and Southern Oceans, the North Atlantic area influenced by the Gulf Stream current, as well as shelf regions (i.e., Patagonian shelf) affected by upwelling regimes. Low correlation between chlorophyll and backscattering prevents precise bbpNAP estimations in oligotrophic areas (e.g., subtropical gyres). These bbpNAP estimations lead to a reduction to half in satellite‐based phytoplankton biomass estimates respect to previously published results.
The dynamics of precessing binary black holes using the post-Newtonian approximation

We investigate the (conservative) dynamics of binary black holes using the Hamiltonian formulation of the post-Newtonian (PN) equations of motion. The Hamiltonian we use includes spin-orbit coupling, spinspin coupling, and mass monopole/spin-induced quadrupole interaction terms. We investigate the qualitative effects of these terms on the orbits; in the case of both quasicircular and eccentric orbits, we search for the presence of chaos (using the method of Lyapunov exponents) for a large variety of initial conditions. For quasicircular orbits, we find no chaotic behavior for black holes with total mass 10‐40M� when initially at a separation corresponding to a Newtonian gravitational-wave (GW) frequency less than � 150 Hz. Only for rather small initial radial distances (corresponding to a GW frequency larger than � 150 Hz), for which spin-spin induced oscillations in the radial separation are rather important, do we find chaotic solutions, and even then they are rare. Moreover, these chaotic quasicircular orbits are of questionable astrophysical significance, since they originate from direct parametrization of the equations of motion rather than from widely separated binaries evolving to small separations under gravitational radiation reaction. In the case of highly eccentric orbits, which for ground-based interferometers are not astrophysically favored, we again find chaotic solutions, but only at pericenters so small that higher order PN corrections, especially higher spin PN corrections, should also be taken into account. Taken together, our surveys of quasicircular and eccentric orbits find chaos only for orbits that are either of dubious astrophysical interest for ground-based interferometers or which violate the approximations required for the equations of motion to be physically valid at the post-Newtonian order considered.
Performance of improved bean varieties in Kasulu and Kibondo districts of Kigoma region, Tanzania

A project aimed at improving bean production in Kigoma Region was carried out from 2008/09 to 2010/11 in Kasulu and Kibondo districts. Soils at trial sites varied from sandy clay loams to clay, mostly acidic with pH water varying from 4.5 to 6.3 (mean 5.5  0.5) with low to medium (1.86%  0.57%) organic carbon (OC), low (0.15  0.05) total nitrogen (N), and low to medium (5.27  5.4 mg/kg) available phosphorus (P). Five improved cultivars, Jesca, Lyamungo 90, Selian 97, Uyole Njano and Uyole 98 were evaluated for yield in farmers’ fields, and assessed for farmer acceptability through a questionnaire. The varieties were compared to Kigoma Yellow , a local variety known also as Mburamutwe. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block with farmers as replicates. Plot size was 10 m by 10 m and spacing was 50 cm by 20 cm. Yield data were analyzed using MS X-Cel and GenStat Discovery edition. Farmers’ assessment data were analyzed by SPSS (V 11.5). There were positive significant (p<0.05) correlations between bean yields of the varieties Jesca, Lyamungo 90, and Selian 97 and soil exchangeable potassium (K), and positive significant (p<0.05) correla tions between Kigoma yellow and soil available P and between Selian 97 and soil total nitrogen in the first season. In Kasulu, average yields were less than those obtained in Kibondo and ranged from 495  169 kgha -1 for Jesca to 874  583 kgha -1 for Uyole 98, compared to the range of 673  283 kgha -1 for Jesca to 1602  333 kgha -1 for Uyole Njano in Kibondo district. The results showed that Uyole Njano and Uyole 98 gave significantly (p<0.05) higher yields than all the other varieties. Farmers’ assessed uncooked beans for seed size, shape, color, marketability and over all preference. Assessment of cooked beans considered taste, smell, soup appearance, s oup color and consistence. This assessment ranked Kigoma yellow and Uyole Njano as number one and two, respectively for both uncooked and cooked beans. Lyamungo 90 and Uyole 98 ranked third and fourth, respectively for uncooked beans. There were no differences in costs of production between the different bean varieties. Economic analysis (Table 3) showed that Uyole Njano produced the highest yield value per unit cost of production followed by Uyole 98. Introduction of Uyole Njano and Uyole 98 bean varieties for production in the two districts is recommended.
Effectiveness of Project Based Learning in Statistics for Lower Secondary Schools

Purpose: This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of implementing Project Based Learning (PBL) on the topic of statistics at a lower secondary school in Surabaya city, Indonesia, indicated by examining student learning outcomes, student responses, and student activity. Research Methods: A quasi experimental method was conducted over two months involving two classes of seventh grade students, consisting an experiment class (PBL) and a control class (conventional learning). Data were collected through student activity observation sheets, student responses, and pretest-posttests. Data were analyzed by employing covariance analysis (ANCOVA). Findings: Based on ANCOVA, student learning outcomes in PBL are higher than those in conventional learning. In addition, based on the results of a descriptive analysis, results of the student learning outcomes in PBL obtained more than the minimum standard score (MSC), the students’ responses in learning were positive, and the students were active in the class activities. Thus, PBL is effective in statistical learning. Implications for Research and Practice: Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that PBL was effective in statistical learning. These findings suggest that the students were enthusiastic in working the given project and actively discussed with other students in the class. We suggest teachers apply PBL on other mathematics topics so students can be enthusiastic in mathematics learning in the class. Alternatively, teachers can use PBL with technology-assisted learning to make learning more interesting for students.
Computerized two-lead resting ECG analysis for the detection of coronary artery stenosis after coronary revascularization

Background: Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) shows limited sensitivity and specificity for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD), where patients with a history of coronary revascularization may pose special challenges. Several methods exist to enhance sensitivity and specificity of resting ECG for diagnosis of CAD, but such methods are not better than a specialist's judgement. We compared a new computer-enhanced, resting ECG analysis device, 3DMP, to coronary angiography to evaluate the device's accuracy in detecting hemodynamically relevant CAD. Methods: A convenience sample of 172 patients with a history of coronary revascularization scheduled for coronary angiography was evaluated with 3DMP before coronary angiography. 3DMP's sensitivity and specificity in detecting hemodynamically relevant coronary stenosis as diagnosed with coronary angiography were calculated as well as odds ratios for the 3DMP severity score and coronary artery disease risk factors. Results: The 3DMP system accurately identified 50 of 55 patients as having hemodynamically relevant stenosis (sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 88.0%). Positive and negative predictive values for the identification of coronary stenosis as diagnosed in coronary angiograms were 62.7% and 97.8% respectively. Risk and demographic factors in a logistic regression model had a markedly lower predictive power for the presence of coronary stenosis in these patients than did 3DMP severity score (odds ratio 2.04 [0.74-5.62] vs. 73.57 [25.10-215.68]). A logistic regression combining severity score with risk and demographic factors did not add significantly to the prediction quality (odds ratio 80.00 [27.03-236.79]). Conclusions: 3DMP's computer-based, mathematically derived analysis of resting two-lead ECG data provides detection of hemodynamically relevant CAD in patients with a history of coronary revascularization with high sensitivity and specificity that appears to be at least as good as those reported for other resting and/or stress ECG methods currently used in clinical practice.
Characterization of rain fields for UK satellite networks

High frequency satellite links are significantly affected by rain-induced attenuation in the satellite footprint. The detailed planning and performance prediction of satellite systems networks (a group of links) requires a detailed understanding of the space-time characteristics of rain fields. This paper presents results of key empirical properties of rainfall rate relevant to developing a UK space-time stochastic model. In particular, we assess the impact of integration time and spatial scales on the space-time correlation of rain fields, the probability of rain occurrence and the point statistics of rainfall rate.