Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt for Alaska Conditions

Public reporting for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestion for reducing this burden No restrictions 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) In line with a field demonstration project of WMA using Sasobit conducted in Southeast Alaska, this study focused on experimentally assessing the engineering properties of Sasobit modified WMA binders and mixes. Performance tests of binders were conducted according to Superpave specification to assess the correlation between the content of additives, and Superpave performance grade (PG) and stiffness of modified binders. Tests conducted to assess the performance of WMA included 1) permanent deformation (rutting) susceptibility, 2) low temperature cracking performance including tensile strength and tensile creep compliance properties, 3) moisture susceptibility, and 4) dynamic modulus |E*|. Laboratory investigation of Sasobit-modified binders and WMAs in this study identified a lot of engineering benefits of WMAs using Sasobit over traditional HMA. WMAs using Sasobit with reduced mixing and compaction temperatures, improved workability and rutting resistance, and insignificant effect on moisture susceptibility favorably indicated the suitability of this WMA technology for Alaska conditions. The indirect tension test (IDT) results showed degraded resistance to low temperature cracking of WMA using Sasobit in this study. However, additional tests at lower temperatures, along with a more complete thermal cracking analysis for specific environments of interest should be performed to get a more definitive answer regarding the effects of Sasobit on low temperature cracking.
Second-Price Auctions with Asymmetric Payoffs: An Experimental Investigation

A series of two-player, second-price common-value auctions are reported. In symmetric auctions, bidders suffer from a winner's curse. In asymmetric auctions in which one bidder has a private value advantage, the effect on bids and prices is proportional rather than explosive (the prediction of Nash equilibrium bidding theory). Although advantaged bidders are close to making best responses to disadvantaged bidders, the latter bid much more aggressively than in equilibrium, thereby earning negative average profits. Experienced bidders consistently bid closer to the Nash equilibrium than inexperienced bidders, although these adjustments towards equilibrium are small and at times uneven. Copyright (c) 1997 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
FLOWERING AND FRUIT SET IN ‘VALÊNCIA’ ORANGE TREES UNDER DIFFERENT CROP LOAD STATUS AND WITH AND WITHOUT IRRIGATION

FLOWERING AND FRUIT SET IN ‘VALÊNCIA’ ORANGE TREES UNDER DIFFERENT CROP LOAD STATUS AND WITH AND WITHOUT IRRIGATION The objective of the present study was to evaluate how the crop fruit load status in orange tree ‘Valência’ throughout a year affects the carbohydrate content in leaves, the vegetative growth, the flowering, the fruit set, and the yield in the following season, in plants with and without irrigation. The experiment was conduced in two steps in field condition. In the first step (February, 2004) a half of both, irrigated and non irrigated plants, had all the fruits removed. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 factorial with six repetitions. The (1) Recebido para publicação em 14 de janeiro de 2006 e aceito em 22 de novembro de 2006. ( ) Curso de Pós-graduação em Agricultura Tropical e Subtropical do Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Caixa Postal 28, 13012-970 Campinas (SP). Brasil. E-mail: karina@maxiplant.com. br (3) Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Ecofisiologia e Biofísica do IAC. E-mail: caruso@iac.sp. gov.br (*) Autor correspondente; danifavero@yahoo.com. br (4) Conplant, Rua Francisco Andreo Aledo, 22 , 13084-200 Campinas (SP) . E-mail: clmedina@conplant.com. br (5) Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidade de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-970 Campinas (SP), Brasil. E-mail: pmazza@unicamp.br.
Loss of sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF-1) expression

36 Dopamine decreases Na-K ATPase (NKA) activity by PKC-dependent phosphorylation 37 and endocytosis of the NKA α1. Dopamine-mediated regulation of NKA is impaired in 38 aging and some forms of hypertension. Using opossum (OK) proximal tubule cells 39 (PTCs), we demonstrated that sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1 40 (NHERF-1) associates with NKA α1 and dopamine-1 receptor (D1R). This association is 41 required for the dopamine-mediated regulation of NKA. In OK cells dopamine decreases 42 NHERF-1 association with NKA α1 but increases its association with D1R. However, it 43 is not known whether NHERF-1 plays a role in dopamine-mediated NKA regulation in 44 animal models of hypertension. We hypothesized that defective dopamine-mediated 45 regulation of NKA results from the decrease in NHERF-1 expression in rat renal PTCs 46 isolated from animal models of hypertension (SHRs and aged F344 rats). To test this 47 hypothesis, we isolated and cultured renal PTCs from 22-mo old F344 rats and their 48 controls, normotensive 4-mo old F344 rats, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) 49 and their controls, normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The results demonstrate that 50 in both hypertensive models (SHR and aged F344), NHERF1 expression, dopamine51 mediated phosphorylation of NKA, and ouabain-inhibitable K transport are reduced. 52 Transfection of NHERF-1 into PTCs from aged F344 and SHRs restored dopamine53 mediated inhibition of NKA. These results suggest that decreased renal NHERF-1 54 expression contributes to the impaired dopamine-mediated inhibition of NKA in PTCs 55 from animal models of hypertension. 56 57
COMPLEX MULTI -AQUIFER SYSTEM

A laboratory experiment was conducted to demonstrate the behavior of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) in a complex aquifer system. The system simulated consists of two unconfined aquifers separated by a low permeable bedrock perching layer that contains a fracture. In contrast to previous work by other researchers of DNAPL migration in hydrostatic conditions, in this experiment, prior to and during the DNAPL release, ground water flow occurs from the upper to lower aquifer via the fracture. Although the experiment illustrates that DNAPL may migrate rapidly in narrow pathways, the observations were predicted rather well by a simplified analytical solution and a numerical simulation with the multi-phase flow and transport code TOUGH-2. With recharge to the lower aquifer occurring through the fracture, a DNAPL pool did not develop prior to its entry into the fracture.
Detection of Acetamide (CH3CONH2): The Largest Interstellar Molecule with a Peptide Bond

Acetamide (CH3CONH2) has been detected in emission and absorption toward the star-forming region Sagittarius B2(N) with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) by means of four A-species and four E-species rotational transitions. All transitions have energy levels less than 10 K. The Sgr B2(N) cloud is known to have a cold halo with clumps of gas at several different velocities. Absorption features are largely characterized by local standard of rest (LSR) velocities that are typical of the two star-forming cores with systemic LSR velocities of +64 and +82 km s-1. Continuum sources embedded within the star-forming cores give rise to the absorption from the molecular gas halo surrounding the cores. Emission features are seen at an approximate intermediate LSR velocity of +73 km s-1 that characterizes the widespread molecular halo that has a spatial scale of a few arcminutes. Two low-energy transitions of formamide (HCONH 2) were also observed with the GBT toward Sagittarius B2(N) since formamide is the potential parent molecule of acetamide; both molecules are the only interstellar species with an NH2 group bound to a CO group, the so-called peptide bond, that provides the linkage for the polymerization of amino acids. While the acetamide transitions observed appear to be confined to the cold (~8 K) halo region, only the 101-0 00 transition of formamide appears to be exclusively from the cold halo; the 312-313 transition of formamide is apparently contaminated with emission from the two hot cores. The relative abundance ratio of acetamide to formamide is estimated to be in the range of ~0.1 to ~0.5 in the cold halo. The exothermic neutral-radical reaction of formamide with methylene (CH2) may account for the synthesis of interstellar acetamide in the presence of shock phenomenon in this star-forming region.
Extruded Corn Flour Changed the Functionality Behaviour of Blends

Zeng J., Gao H. , Li G. , Liang X. (2011): Extruded corn flour changed the functionality behaviour of blends. Czech J. Food Sci., 29: 520–527. Functionalities and relationships between raw and extruded maize flour blends were studied. The extruded flour had higher water absorption and water solubility indices, and had no differential scanning calorimetry endotherm. The parameters of RVA peak, breakdown, setback, and final viscosity were lowered and the parameters of cold viscosity were improved as the fraction of the extruded flour in the mixture increased. In starches from raw flour, a bimodal distribution of the chain length was found by gel permeation chromatography while in the extruded starches only one fraction was observed. The dough quality of 60% raw and 40% extruded flour mixture was found to be better than with other mixture proportions.
Image Content Description Using LSTM Approach

In this digital world, artificial intelligence has provided solutions to many problems, likewise to encounter problems related to digital images and operations related to the extensive set of images. We should learn how to analyze an image, and for that, we need feature extraction of the content of that image. Image description methods involve natural language processing and concepts of computer vision. The purpose of this work is to provide an efficient and accurate image description of an unknown image by using deep learning methods. We propose a novel generative robust model that trains a Deep Neural Network to learn about image features after extracting information about the content of images, for that we used the novel combination of CNN and LSTM. We trained our model on MSCOCO dataset, which provides set of annotations for a particular image, and after the model is fully automated, we tested it by providing raw images. And also several experiments are performed to check efficiency and robustness of the system, for that we have calculated BLUE Score.
Consumers’ Response to Commercials: When the Energy Level in the Commercial Conflicts with the Media Context

This research examines how media-induced consumer activation level affects consumer response to highly energetic commercials. Over six studies, including a Hulu field experiment, the authors report that consumers who are experiencing a deactivating emotion (e.g., sadness induced by a movie) find it more difficult to watch highly energetic commercials compared with consumers who are not experiencing a deactivating emotion. As a result, consumers experiencing a deactivating emotion are less likely to watch highly energetic commercials and recall the advertiser compared with consumers who are not experiencing a deactivating emotion. The authors do not observe these effects when consumers experiencing a deactivating emotion watch commercials that are moderately energetic or when consumers do not experience a deactivating emotion. These findings suggest that when advertisers run commercials in a media context that induces a deactivating emotion (e.g., sadness, relaxation, contentment), they should avoid running highly energetic commercials (e.g., with upbeat, enthusiastic spokespeople). In addition, this research recommends that when advertisers are unable to determine the emotions induced by the media context, they should run commercials that are moderate in energy. The results of a meta-analysis across the present studies show that consumers experiencing a deactivating emotion will respond as much as 50% more favorably to moderately energetic commercials compared with highly energetic commercials.
X‐ray, lensing and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich triaxial analysis of Abell 1835 out to R200

The measurement of the intrinsic shape and orientation of dark matter (DM) and intracluster (IC) gas in galaxy clusters is crucial for constraining their formation and evolution, and for enhancing the use of clusters as more precise cosmological probes. Extending our previous works, for the first time we present the results from a triaxial joint analysis of the galaxy cluster Abell 1835, using X-ray, strong lensing (SL) and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) data. We parametrically reconstruct the full three-dimensional structure (triaxial shape and principal axis orientation) of both the DM and the IC gas, and the level of non-thermal pressure of the IC gas. We find that the intermediate–major and minor–major axial ratios of the DM are 0.71 ± 0.08 and 0.59 ± 0.05, respectively, and that the major axis of the DM halo is inclined with respect to the line of sight at 18.3 ± 5.2 deg. We present the first observational measurement of the non-thermal pressure out to R200. This has been evaluated to be a few per cent of the total energy budget in the internal regions, while it reaches approximately 20 per cent in the outer volumes. We discuss the implications of our method for the viability of the cold dark matter (CDM) scenario, focusing on the concentration parameter C and the inner slope of the DM γ in order to test the CDM paradigm for structure formation. We measure γ = 1.01 ± 0.06 and C = 4.32 ± 0.44; these values are close to the predictions of the CDM model. The combination of X-ray/SL data at high spatial resolution, which are capable of resolving the cluster core, with the SZ data, which are more sensitive to the cluster outer volume, allows us to characterize the level and the gradient of the gas entropy distribution and non-thermal pressure out to R_200. Thus, we break the degeneracy among the physical models describing the thermal history of the intracluster medium.
The New Keynesian Economics and the Output-Inflation Trade-Off

The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence supporting new Keynesian theories. We point out a simple prediction of Keynesian models that contradicts other leading macroeconomic theories and show that it holds in actual economies. In doing so, we point out a "new phenomenon" that Keynesian theories "render comprehensible. " The prediction we that we test concerns the effects of steady inflation. In Keynesian models, nominal shocks have real effects because nominal prices change infrequently. An increase in the average rate of inflation causes firms to adjust prices more frequently to keep up with the rising price level. In turn, more frequent price changes imply that prices adjust more quickly to nominal shocks, and thus that the shocks have smaller real effects. We test this prediction by examining the relation between average inflation and the size of the real effects of nominal shocks both across countries and over time. We measure the effects of nominal shocks by the slope of the short-run Phillips curve.
Existence of three-dimensional ideal-magnetohydrodynamic equilibria with current sheets

We consider the linear and nonlinear ideal plasma response to a boundary perturbation in a screw pinch. We demonstrate that three-dimensional, ideal-MHD equilibria with continuously nested flux-surfaces and with discontinuous rotational-transform across the resonant rational-surfaces are well defined and can be computed both perturbatively and using fully nonlinear equilibrium calculations. This rescues the possibility of constructing MHD equilibria with current sheets and continuous, smooth pressure profiles. The results predict that, even if the plasma acts as a perfectly conducting fluid, a resonant magnetic perturbation can penetrate all the way into the center of a tokamak without being shielded at the resonant surface.
Indirect effects of invasive species affecting the population structure of an ecosystem engineer

Species invasion is of increasing concern as non-native species often have negative impacts on ecosystems that they were introduced to. Invaders negatively affect the abundance of native species due to direct interactions like predation and competition. Additionally, invaders may benefit native biota by imposing indirect effects on resident species interactions. Invaders indirectly affect resident species via both density-mediated indirect interactions (DMIIs) and trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs). Previous studies on these different indirect interactions have largely examined the effects on structuring ecological systems, with paying little attention to the role of body size. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that an invasive habitat modifier of European coastal waters, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), alters the population structure of native mussels (Mytilus edulis) by modifying the size specific predator-prey interaction between the mussels and the shore crab (Carcinus maenas). In laboratory split-plot experiments, the presence of Pacific oysters reduced the mortality of unconditioned mussels as well as mussels that were acclimatized in presence of predatory cues, while being exposed to predation by crabs of two different size classes. The reduction in mortality was size-dependent both in terms of the predators and the prey. The presence of oysters notably reduced mussel mortality in presence of small crabs, while the mortality rate in presence of big crabs was less affected. Mussels that benefited the most by the presence of oysters were those of recruitment stages, smaller than 20 mm in shell length. Our results suggest that oysters cause a strong shift in the population structure of M. edulis, reducing particularly the mortality of smaller sized mussels.
Commensal bacteria shape intestinal immune system development

M icrobes have a knack for making us sick. Until recently, many of these encounters proved deadly. In Guns, Germs, and Steel, evolutionary biologist Jared Diamond argues that such interactions were a primary force shaping human history. Therefore, it is not surprising that human-microbe interactions often are viewed through the lens of conflict. The proliferation of antibacterial consumer products underscores the prevailing idea that human-bacterial contact is something to be controlled or avoided. However, this understanding of human-microbe relationships is changing. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that we maintain mutually beneficial relationships with the microbes that cohabit our bodies, suggesting a profound intertwining of human and microbial biology. Wielding sophisticated new molecular tools, investigators in a number of labs are learning about the extent to which gut microbes drive intestinal immunity. These studies are revealing that the functions of our gut immune system are only partially encoded in our genes, and require cues from our microbial partners for full development. As a consequence, disrupting these beneficial host-bacterial relationships with antibiotic treatments may pave the way for immunologic diseases.
A STUDY OF CEMENT MODIFIED BITUMEN EMULSION MIXTURES

Earlier studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of adding Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to bitumen emulsion mixtures. These effects were confirmed for some dense graded mixtures based on recipes currently used for hot mix in the UK and being considered for use in cold mix. Laboratory tests included stiffness modulus, resistance to permanent deformation and resistance to fatigue cracking. In order to obtain a clearer understanding of the mechanisms causing the improvements in properties, some basic studies were carried out. These included measurement of the rate at which coalescence of bitumen droplets developed and adhered to the aggregate particles, since this is the initial mechanism by which mechanical properties of the mixture are developed. The study was then extended to obtain an understanding of the properties of emulsion blended with OPC, hydrated lime or limestone filler. This was done since it was thought that a contribution to 'binding' of the aggregate in mixtures came from the hydration of cement as well as from the coalesced bitumen. Dynamic Shear Rheometer tests were used on various blends demonstrating the stiffening effects of both OPC and hydrated lime and that filler had little influence. The emulsifying process was also shown to have no effect on the characteristics of the base bitumen. Electron microscopy was used to study the crystalline structures of fully cured mixtures with and without OPC addition. Expert interpretation considered that some of the characteristics of cement hydration effects were present in those mixtures incorporating OPC. The study concluded that the improvements to key properties of cold mix by the addition of OPC can be explained by a range of mechanisms, including improved rate of emulsion coalescence after compaction, cement hydration and enhancement of binder viscosity.
Corporate Control Through Board Dismissals and Takeovers

This paper examines some policy issues related to the interaction between internal and external corporate control mechanisms-board dismissals and takeovers-by focusing on the information aggregation and other effects related to this interaction. We model the functioning of corporate control mechanisms as an example of a multilayered principal-agent relationship in which shareholders delegate the task of monitoring management quality to the board and rely on the external takeover market to provide additional disciplining of the manager as well as of the board. This gives rise to two effects: (1) a substitution effect, whereby the takeover market partially substitutes for board dismissal of the manager, leading to greater lenience toward the manager by a board acting in the shareholders' best interest, and (2) a kick-in-the-pants effect, whereby the board is stricter with the manager because it may be dismissed by a successful acquirer who views it as lax. The interaction of these two effects leads to various implications about the behavior of boards and potential acquirers. In particular, a well-functioning internal control mechanism (the board) does not obviate the need for external control (takeovers). Moreover, somewhat counterintuitively, there may be a greater incidence of takeovers when the internal control mechanism is working well than when it is not. Copyright (c) 1998 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.