Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Tipping point” in the SoS? Minority-supportive opinion climate proportion and perceived hostility in uncivil online discussion

This study investigates a postulated 30% supportive-comment threshold as a “tipping point” for minority expression on social networking sites (SNSs) in the context of online incivility. By doing so, perceived hostility is introduced as an interactional factor explaining minority’s expression (un)likelihood. Results from a 2 (comment civility: civil vs uncivil) × 3 (supportive-comment proportion: 15% vs 30% vs 45%) (N = 807) revealed that perceived hostility from uncivil comments is lowered at the 30% supportive threshold, which then leads to greater likelihood of public expression by minority opinion holders (i.e. moderated mediation). Supportive-comment proportions were, however, not found to directly affect perceived hostility in civilized discussions. Overall, minority opinion holders are more likely to react via emojis (Like, Love, Haha, Wow, Sad, Angry) in SNSs than to post comments. The implications of findings for the spiral of silence in online settings are discussed.
Middle Devonian-Early Carboniferous Conodont Faunas from the Khoshyeilagh Formation, Alborz Mountains, North Iran

Conodonts of Khoshyeilagh Formation, the most complete section of Devonian rocks in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran, has been studied, and subspecies of the genera Icriodus, Bipennatus, Polygnathus, Pelekysgnathus, Ancyrodella, Palmatolepis, Bispathodus, Scaphignathus, Clydagnathus, Gnathodus, Scaliognathus and Dollymae have been obtained from the studied section. The faunas indicate an Eifelian to Tournaisian age. The falsiovalis, Late rhomboideaEarly marginifera, Latest marginifera-trachytera, Middle expansa-Middle praesulcata, bouckaerti and anchoralis-latus conodont zones have been identified in the formation. Six new species are described: Icriodus ariaei, Ic. alborzensis, Ic. khoshyeilaghensis, Polygnathus klapperianus, Pelekysgnathus housei and Pe. talenti.
Ownership Structures, Board Independence and Auditor’s Remuneration: Evidence from India

Prior research on auditor’s remuneration has shown mixed evidence on the association between ownership structures and auditor’s remuneration. Previous studies have also documented relationship between board independence and audit fee. However, there is dearth of studies on these aspects in context of India which is dominated by family owned business groups and has seen significant changes in corporate governance norms in last decade. The present study examines the association of promoter’s ownership, institutional ownership and board independence together with auditor’s remuneration. The study takes a sample of 96 firm years. The results of the study suggest that there is a positive and significant association of promoter’s ownership and institutional ownership with auditor’s remuneration. However, there is no conclusive evidence on the relationship between board independence and auditor’s remuneration. The results are consistent to various robustness tests. Keywords : Ownership structure, Promoter’s shareholding, Institutional shareholding, Board independence, Audit fee, Auditor’s remuneration
THE EFFECT OF MEMORIZING QURAN ON THE CHILDREN COGNITIVE INTELLIGENCE

Purpose of Study: The present research aimed to find out whether memorizing Quran (tahfidz Quran) affected cognitive intelligence in kindergarten students. The research was conducted at Mardisiwi Islamic Kindergarten, Surakarta, Indonesia. The population consisted of a student group at the kindergarten. Ten students of the group were selected as the samples using a saturated sampling technique. The data source consisted of kindergarten students, a recapitulation of evaluation towards students, and data on students. Methodology: The data was collected through test, observation, documentation, and interviews. The kindergarten students should memorize Al Insyirah surah of Quran using the Tasalsuli method. The observation of cognitive intelligence results was measured before (pre-treatment) and after the treatment (post-treatment). The results revealed that the procedure of memorizing Quran improved children cognitive intelligence. Results: The research concluded that memorizing Quran in kindergarten might positively improve the children cognitive intelligence. Implications/Applications: The cognitive intelligence score of children was 25.40 after the treatment. The score had an improvement of 5.00 then the pre-treatment test with a score of 20.40. The pre-treatment test resulted in 63.75% of improvement, while the post-treatment test resulted in 79.38%. The difference was 15.63%.
Old Cultivars and Populations From Traditional Pepper-Growing Regions of Serbia as Breeding Potential

In order to collect and preserve the pepper gene fond ( Capsicum annuum L.) material was collected in locations in South Serbia and Central Kosovo with long tradition of growing old pepper varieties. The area around the town of Aleksinac (villages Moravac, Pr? ilovac, Nozrina and Luzane) has a long tradition of growing old varieties and populations of pepper. The Zabarka and Cokotanka varieties are typical representatives hereof, and have been included in this study. From the area near the town of Leskovac (village Donja Lakosnica) we included the variety Lakosnicka. This variety is very much grown here and is intended for grinding. In Central Kosovo, material was gathered in Laplje selo and Preoce, and the varieties collected were Rosajka and Bobinka crvena. These varieties have very specific colour, shape, size, aroma, intensity of heat and mode of usage. The different varieties will be stored in the Serbia Gene Bank and become valuable material in the selection and breeding of pepper in programs for obtaining varieties suitable for drying. The characteristics of the plants and fruits were studied and according to these traits grouping was done. Correlation of genotypes and traits was done by PCA (Principal Component Analysis). PCA grouped genotypes according to their traits (morphological and chemical) in two groups each. Genotypes grouped in this way represent the basic material for program of breeding pepper varieties suitable for drying. The selected varieties on the basis of superiority of characteristics can be proved a valuable material for any pepper breeding of Serbia which can be recommended for commercial cultivation.
A Novel Adaptive Conditional Probability-Based Predicting Model for User’s Personality Traits

With the pervasive increase in social media use, the explosion of users’ generated data provides a potentially very rich source of information, which plays an important role in helping online researchers understand user’s behaviors deeply. Since user’s personality traits are the driving force of user’s behaviors, hence, in this paper, along with social network features, we first extract linguistic features, emotional statistical features, and topic features from user’s Facebook status updates, followed by quantifying importance of features via Kendall correlation coefficient. And then, on the basis of weighted features and dynamic updated thresholds of personality traits, we deploy a novel adaptive conditional probability-based predicting model which considers prior knowledge of correlations between user’s personality traits to predict user’s Big Five personality traits. In the experimental work, we explore the existence of correlations between user’s personality traits which provides a better theoretical support for our proposed method. Moreover, on the same Facebook dataset, compared to other methods, our method can achieve an -measure of 80.6% when taking into account correlations between user’s personality traits, and there is an impressive improvement of 5.8% over other approaches.
Nonparametric Methods in Varying Coefficient Models And Quantile Regression Models

This dissertation aims to address two problems in nonparametric regression models. An estimation issue in generalized varying coefficient models and a hypothesis testing issue in nonparametric quantile regression models is discussed. We propose a new estimation method for generalized varying coefficient models where the link function is specified up to some smoothness conditions. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimated varying coefficient functions are established. Simulation results and a real data application demonstrate the usefulness of the new method. A new approach for testing the equality of nonparametric quantile regression functions is also presented. Based on marked empirical processes, we develop test statistics that possess √ n properties in contrast to all available procedures in the literature. Asymptotic distributions are given and the performance of the proposed tests is compared with existing methods in mean regression and quantile regression. Theoretical results show that our tests have superior local power properties over existing tests. Finite sample performance is analyzed through simulations under a variety of settings. A data analysis is given which highlights the usefulness of the proposed methodology.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSAGES OF NURSERY FERTILIZERS IN THE CONTROL OF ROOT ROT OF OKRA AND MUNG BEAN

The potential impact of different dosages of widely used locally available nursery fertilizers viz., flourish, frutan, NPK, urea and fishmeal were used to examine their effect in the suppression of root infecting fungi viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium spp. , on okra and mung bean plants. Nursery fertilizers were applied in soil @ 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1% w/w whereas fish meal @ 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% v/w.Highest shoot length and shoot weight of okra and mung bean were observed when fish meal @ 0.5% v/w and NPK @ 0.1% w/w were used. Infection of Fusarium spp. , significantly reduced in okra and mung bean plants where soil was treated with urea @0.01% and 0.001%. Frutan and fishmeal @ 0.1% showed inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani. Frutan at all doses and urea @0.001 and 0.1% suppressed M. phaseolina infection on mung bean whereas flourish @0.1% and urea @ 0.1% significantly reduced M. phaseolina infection on okra plants. The shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight were significantly increased in both okra and mung bean plants. Maximum plant height was achieved where fish meal @ 0.5% and NPK @ 0.1% were used.
Effect of pre-bloom GA application on pollen tube growth in cv. Delaware grape pistils

Pre-bloom application of 100 ppm gibberellin A3 (GA) to Delaware grape clusters ( Vitis labrusca Bailey) induces the set of seedless berries when treated about 14 d before full bloom (FB). By contrast, GA application less than 10 d before FB results in the set of both seeded and seedless berries. In order to clarify the mechanism underlying the production of seedless berries by GA treatments, pollen tube transmitting tissue (TT) development and pollen tube growth in pistils were investigated in 2003 and 2004. Clusters were treated with GA 14 d before FB (normal GA treatment) or 8 and 7 d before FB (late GA treatment), and were hand-pollinated with Muscat of Alexandria pollen at FB. Untreated clusters (control) were also pollinated. No significant difference in TT development in various parts of style and ovary was found among the two treatments and control. On the other hand, at the upper part of the ovary, pollen tube growth in normal GA treatment was significantly inhibited 8 and 24 h after pollination compared with those in late GA treatment and control. Pollen tubes reached the micropyle 24 h after pollination in control and 72 h after pollination in late GA treatment, whereas no pollen tube reached the micropyle after a normal GA treatment. Most pollen tube tips in GA-treated ovary tissues were found to be coiled up. These results indicate that inhibition of pollen tube growth in pistils after normal GA treatment may be due to biosynthesis of pollen tube inhibitor(s), leading to unfertilized ovules. By contrast, late GA treatment allows pollen tube penetration into the lower ovary and, in rare cases, into the micropyle which leads to seed formation.
The effect of depression and adherence in a dietary and physical activity intervention for overweight and obese adults

Overweight and obesity result in serious medical, economic, and psychological consequences. A better understanding of factors that lead to successful weight loss treatment is needed, including mediators and moderators of treatment effects. This study investigated the effect of depression on adherence to a dietary and physical activity behavior change intervention in a sample of overweight and obese men and women. The PACEi Men in Motion (n=441) and Women in Balance (n=401) on-line interventions used similar randomized controlled designs with data collected at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Outcomes included BMI, depression, dietary quality, physical activity and sedentary behavior. Adherence scores reflected the percentage of potential intervention activities completed. Moderator and mediator analyses were performed as described by Baron and Kenny (1986) and Kraemer et al. (2002). A mediating relationship among depression, adherence, and outcome was supported for dietary quality in men; no relationship was found for women. In addition, baseline depression in men was related to lower adherence rates, and, in turn, lower adherence rates predicted poorer outcome for BMI, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary quality. For women, adherence was not affected by baseline depression but lower adherence did predict poorer dietary quality outcomes. However, baseline level of depression in women was found to moderate the intervention effect on dietary changes, where women in the intervention group improved their dietary quality more than the control group, with greater improvements seen in the depressed intervention women. Depressed women in the control group had a slight decrease in diet quality. Baseline level of depression was also found to moderate the intervention effect on sedentary behavior for men. Men in the intervention group reduced their sedentary behavior about the same amount, regardless of depression status at baseline, while in the control group, depressed men decreased their sedentary behavior and non-depressed men had a slight increase. This study provided further evidence for the relationship between adherence and outcome. The relationship between depression and adherence was supported only for men. Overall, the study provided evidence that participating in a dietary and physical activity intervention while experiencing depressive symptoms is not harmful, and may be beneficial in some cases. Screening out participants who are similarly depressed due to concern for their ability to participate may not be warranted. Future studies should investigate strategies to promote adherence to weight loss interventions as a method of enhancing outcomes in addition to examining the effects of treating depression either before or concurrently with weight loss interventions
An eccentric companion at the edge of the brown dwarf desert orbiting the 2.4 M⊙ giant star HIP 67537

We report the discovery of a substellar companion around the giant star HIP 67537. Based on precision radial velocity measurements from CHIRON and FEROS high-resolution spectroscopic data, we derived the following orbital elements for HIP 67537 b: mb sin i = 11.1+0.4-1.1Mjup, a =4.9+0.14-0.13 AU and e = 0.59+0.05-0.02 . Considering random inclination angles, this object has ≳65% probability to be above the theoretical deuterium-burning limit, thus it is one of the few known objects in the planet to brown-dwarf (BD) transition region. In addition, we analyzed the Hipparcos astrometric data of this star, from which we derived a minimum inclination angle for the companion of ~2 deg. This value corresponds to an upper mass limit of ~0.3 M⊙, therefore the probability that HIP 67537 b is stellar in nature is ≲7%. The large mass of the host star and the high orbital eccentricity makes HIP 67537 b a very interesting and rare substellar object. This is the second candidate companion in the brown dwarf desert detected in the sample of intermediate-mass stars targeted by the EXoPlanets aRound Evolved StarS (EXPRESS) radial velocity program, which corresponds to a detection fraction of f = +2.0-0.5 %. This value is larger than the fraction observed in solar-type stars, providing new observational evidence of an enhanced formation efficiency of massive substellar companions in massive disks. Finally, we speculate about different formation channels for this object.
An Investigation of Wholly‐Owned Foreign Subsidiary Control Through Transaction Cost Economics Theory

This paper investigates the management control systems used by multinational corporation headquarters to control wholly‐owned foreign subsidiaries. Our theory development is based on transaction cost economics. First, we conduct a series of exploratory interviews, providing an insight into the context, and second, we provide empirical evidence based on cross‐sectional survey data. Our results indicate that activity traits (uncertainty, asset specificity and post hoc information impactedness) have significant implications on control choices, in particular the control archetype combinations chosen by headquarters, although not all results are consistent with theory predictions. Our findings are supported by extensive alternative testing.
The Importance and the Potential Predictors of the Construct of Commitment for the Romantic Relationships of Young Adults

Young adulthood is an important developmental period during which the individuals tend to create their relationship beliefs, attitudes and habits which constitute the basis of their future serious relationships such as marriage. Considering the increasing divorce rates all around the world and its harmful impact on family life, children's and adults' mental health, cautions should be taken for the psychological health of future generations. Some longitudinal nationwide studies indicate that lack of commitment is the number one reason for divorce. This paper aims to review the importance of the commitment for the romantic relationships of young adults and the possible predictors of commitment. In the light of theories and research, this paper specifically emphasizes attachment styles as a significant cognitive factor to explain the construct of commitment.
Can Enhanced Flux Loading by High‐Speed Jets Lead to a Substorm? Multipoint Detection of the Christmas Day Substorm Onset at 08:17 UT, 2015

This paper describes highly interesting observations of the 25 December 2015 substorm onset at 08:17 UT during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) while magnetosheath contained several intervals of negative Bz. A unique alignment of several spacecraft near the Earth‐Sun line together with magnetohydrodynamic simulations, ground‐based magnetometer, and auroral observations allow a comprehensive timing analysis of the events leading to substorm onset. Perplexingly, prior to substorm onset Geotail measured for 26 min positive IMF Bz just upstream of the bow shock, while simultaneously MMS spacecraft measured several intervals of strong negative Bz in the dayside magnetosheath. These strong pulses of negative Bz in the magnetosheath were associated with high dynamic pressure magnetosheath jets, likely created by foreshock transients during strongly radial IMF interval. Multipoint plasma and magnetic field measurements from ARTEMIS and THEMIS spacecraft were used to determine tail reconnection time at 8:14 and location at x=−33RE. Ground‐based observations of Pi2 pulsations and auroral brightening, with observations of a dipolarization front by THEMIS spacecraft, allowed determination of substorm onset to be at ≈08:17. All MMS spacecraft detected the same magnetosheath jet structure with Bz=−25 nT at ∼08:00 while IMF was northward. Based on DMSP observations and timing analysis we propose that these jets produced magnetopause reconnection leading to final, critical flux enhancement in the midtail region, which may have triggered reconnection 12–14 min later after jet observations.
Correlations of Dietary Crude Protein and Gross Energy on Blood Glucose and Urea, Milk Urea and Lactose Concentrations in Lactating Ewes

Concentrations of serum glucose (SG) and urea (SU), milk lactose (ML) and urea (MU) and their relationships to dietary gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) were studied in 16 lactating ewes in Urmia, Iran. Ewes were aged 3 to 5 years and were bred in a closed pen. They were fed alfalfa hay, pasture grass, concentrate and corn silage. Each lactating ewe was nursing a single lamb. Five ml of blood from v. jugularis, 50 ml milk and 200 g feed mixture were collected at 15 day intervals up to 135 days (9 samples). Serum glucose and urea concentrations were evaluated using a spectrophotometer, milk lactose in Polarimeter, gross energy by calculation method and crude protein by Kjeldahl methods. The mean values for dietary GE, CP, SG, SU, MU and ML were 2.39 Mcal/kg/DM, 14.1% food/DM, 2.69, 4.65, 3.67 mmol/l and 4.8 mg/dl milk, respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were found for serum and milk indicators during the milking periods among the sampling times. Serum urea and milk urea irregularly increased while serum glucose and milk lactose irregularly decreased. Positive correlations were found (P < 0.05) between SU/MU (r = 0.45), MU/GE (r = 0.75), MU/CP (r = 0.70) and SU/CP (r = 0.97). Negative correlations (P < 0.05) were found between MU/SG (r = -0.17), SU/ML (r = -0.20) and MU/ML (r = -0.24). Based on results, it is concluded that urea, glucose and lactose would be appropriate variables in the prediction of crude protein and gross energy concentration of diet in lactating ewes.
Short Note Comparisons of Triggered Tremor in California

We conduct a visual inspection of deep nonvolcanic tremor triggered by large teleseismic earthquakes around the Calaveras fault in northern California (NC) and the San Jacinto fault in southern California (SC). Out of the 42 large (Mw ≥7:5) earthquakes between 2001 and 2010, only the 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake triggered clear tremor in these two regions. This is in marked contrast with the Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas fault in central California (CC), where 12 earthquakes have triggered tremor in that region. The amplitude of the triggered tremor correlates with that of the triggering surface waves in CC and is consistent with the clock-advance model. The lack of widespread triggered tremor in NC and SC is not simply a consequence of their different background noise levels from CC, but rather reflects different background tremor rates in these regions. Online Material: Tables of parameters for triggered/nontriggered teleseismic earthquakes and triggered tremors, and figures of band-pass-filtered seismograms, maximum vertical PGVs versus median amplitude of band-pass-filtered envelope functions, tremor amplitude versus PGV, and S-wave spectra (and corresponding noise) of local selected earthquakes.
Endogenous learning in climate-energy-economic models – an inventory of key uncertainties

This paper gives an overview of uncertainties related to endogenous learning as observed in integrated assessment models (IAMs) of global warming, both for bottom-up and top-down climate-energy-economic models. A classification is formulated by which uncertainties can be evaluated, and through which one can distinguish between modelling, methodological and parameter uncertainties. We emphasise that the analysis of uncertainties in IAM exercises of global warming is essential for both scientific and policy-making related reasons. At present, proper analyses of the sensitivity and robustness characteristics of modelling results are often omitted. Our main conclusion, and recommendation, is that in future IAM analyses of climate change, both for the benefit of scientists and public policy decision makers, the presence of different kinds of uncertainties should be appropriately recognised, classified, quantified and reported.