Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of driver behavior during crash and near-crash events using naturalistic driving data

Various studies demonstrated that the human factors, driver performance, and the interactions among humans and other elements in the transportation systems significantly contributed to the traffic safety and highway design. Therefore, it is critical to understand driver behaviors to reduce the likelihood of crashes and enhance the design of the highway system. The major objective of this study is to investigate driver behavior, particularly during crash and near-crash events, as well as during the preceding time intervals. Of specific interest is how drivers’ reaction times, deceleration rates, and speed selection vary under different roadway environments. The freeway non-crash and crash or near-crash events were obtained from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP 2 NDS) dataset and the associated Roadway Information Database (RID). Due to the unique features of the data, the random effect linear regression model with a participantspecific intercept term was utilized to perform the analyses. The participants’ reaction times of crash/near-crash events were determined to have a average value of 1.51 sec. , standard deviation of 1.25 sec, and 85th percentile of 2.60 sec. The results of analysis showed that reaction time varied based upon the type of crash/near-crash event, the gender of driver, and whether the driver was distracted over the course of the driving event. The driver’s deceleration rates of crash/near-crash events were also calculated in the study. The mean, standard deviation, and 85th percentile of deceleration rates were about 9.53 ft/s2 (0.30 g), 4.99 ft/s2 (0.15 g), and 14.27 ft/s2 (0.44 g) respectively. The initial speed of braking, the grade of the roadway, and the type of incident presented significant influences on the deceleration rates of crash/near-crash events. Lastly, the mean and standard deviation of travel speed for non-crash and crash/near-crash events were investigate to
Detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in environmental strains of Vibrio spp. from mussels along the coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Mussels have a filter system enabling them to take up nutrients from the water, so a microbiological analysis of these bivalve mollusks can show the contamination levels of their surrounding aquatic environment. The present work aimed to isolate Vibrio species from two hundred samples of mussels (Perna perna) incrusted on rocks of the Santana Archipelago and from longline mariculture in Ilha Grande Bay in Angra dos Reis and from Arraial do Cabo, all of which are in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A total of 209 Vibrio were isolated. The most prevalent species was Vibrio parahaemolyticus (44.66%) followed by Vibrio alginolyticus (19.62%) and Vibrio vulnificus (12.44%). All 209 Vibrio isolates tested positive for the RNA polymerase alpha gene (rpoA). The tlh gene (thermolabile hemolysin), a genetic marker for V. parahaemolyticus, and vvhA (cytolysin hemolysin) of V. vulnificus were detected in 85 and 26 isolates, respectively. The MALDI-TOF MS proteomic technique was used to confirm the identification of the 41 V. alginolyticus isolates. Our most important finding was the detection of the tdh virulence gene in 68.20% (58/85) of V. parahaemolyticus environmental strains. Besides the circulation of the virulence gene, the spread of antimicrobial resistance was evaluated and 91.3% (191/209) of the isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, 23.9% (50/209) to ciprofloxacin, 18.6% (39/209) to nitrofurantoin, 5.7% (12/209) to tetracycline, 4.3% (9/209) to pefloxacin and 3.3% (7/209) to chloramphenicol. These findings indicate that environmental isolates can act as reservoirs of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Key words: vvhA gene, mussels, public health, rpoA gene, tlh gene, Vibrio.
Distribution of ABO Blood Groups and Rhesus (Rh) System in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficient New-borns: A Regional Study in Iran

Background: Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common inherited disorder in Iran and may cause neonatal jaundice in some conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh in G6PD deficient newborns in Iran, Mashhad. Materials and Methods: This case-control multi central study was conducted on 150 icteric newborns who admitted to the NICU of educational hospitals in North-East state of Iran, Mashhad. G6PD deficiency was evaluated and case and control groups were considered of 50 icteric newborns with G6PD deficiency and 100 icteric newborns with normal levels of enzyme. Distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh were evaluated in G6PD deficient newborns and compared to controls. The prevalence of hemolysis was compared in two groups as well. Results: Prevalence of hemolysis was 22% in case group and 19% in controls. There was no significant relationship between G6PD deficiency and hemolysis (p>0.05). Distribution of blood group A was higher in case group compared to control group (68% vs. 23% respectively), the difference was significant (Z=2.55, p=0.0054). Distribution of positive Rh blood group was higher in case group compared to control group (95% vs. 85% respectively) and the differences were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between distributions of blood group A in G6PD deficient newborns.
Cerebroplacental Ratio in Intrauterine growth restriction and perinatal outcome

1 Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, (Guwahati-781032), Under Srimanta Sankardev University of Health Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, (Guwahati781032), Under Srimanta Sankardev University of Health Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India 3 Post graduate student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, (Guwahati781032), Under Srimanta Sankardev University of Health Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India
Crucial importance of pack size in the African wild dog Lycaon pictus

Although the massive organized slaughter of African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus, largely ended several decades ago, this endangered canid continues to decline and faces extinction. Several lines of evidence suggest that this arises from obligate cooperative breeding, which makes Lycaon more sensitive to anthropogenic mortality. A number of behaviours in this species are characterized by a reliance on helpers. These include cooperative hunting, defence from kleptoparasitism, pup feeding and baby‐sitting. As a result, there are strong, positive relationships between pack size and the production and survival of pups, and pairs of wild dogs are often unsuccessful at raising offspring without the assistance of helpers. Consequently, a pack in which membership drops below a critical size may be caught in a positive feedback loop: poor reproduction and low survival further reduce pack size, culminating in failure of the whole pack. Here, we review the literature to reveal the importance of pack size in the African wild dog. Most importantly, we argue that there is a critical minimum threshold, below which packs face an increasing probability of extinction ‐ an Allee effect with consequences for the conservation of this species, and of other obligate cooperators.
Continuing bonds: Relationships between the living and the dead within contemporary Spiritualism

A number of recent authors have discussed the notion of 'continuing bonds' and methods whereby the living may maintain bonds with the deceased. One such method mentioned anecdotally is the consulting of Spiritualist mediums, although no empirical research has been conducted into this phenomenon to date. The aim of this article is to fill these lacunae in the literature through a discussion of the relationship between the living and the deceased within contemporary Spiritualism, drawing on fieldwork conducted at two Spiritualist centres in the north of England. To this end, I will propose a typology of the different strands or elements that make up the communications that take place during public demonstrations of mediumship - advice, support and evidence of survival - as well as discussing the influence of such messages on their recipients. Finally, I will conclude by answering two inter-linked questions; is bereavement a significant factor leading to an involvement in Spiritualism and, if so, is the desire for messages or a continued relationship with the deceased a significant factor in individuals' continued involvement. Suggestions for further research are also discussed.
Gross and microscopic studies on the stomach of domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica).

Ten adult domestic Mallard ducks and ten adult domestic pigeons of both sexes were used for morphologic and histological study. The proventriculus was the last part of the foregut. It was cone-shaped in pigeon while it was tubular in duck and arose from the esophagus. The ventriculus was biconvex lens in shape. It joined the proventriculus by cardiac sphincter and joined the hind gut by the pyloric sphincter. The thick muscular wall consisted of the crassuscaudodorsalis, crassus- cranioventralis muscles, tenuiscra niodorsalis and caudoventralis. The inner aspect of the ventriculus in both species was lined by a hardened membrane, the cuticula gas- tric. For the histological study, samples from the proventriculus and of the ventriculus were stained routinely with H&E, periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) and Masson’s trichromestain. The mucosal surface of the proventriculus has proventricular papillae over its entire surface with variable density between the two species. The proventriculus and ventriculus in both duck and pigeon have folds of the tunica mucosa lined by columnar epithelium in duck while it is cuboidal in pigeon. Simple tubular glands occupied the lamina propria of both chambers. The ventricular glands were lined by simple cuboidal cells. The proventricular glands were situated between the inner and outer layers of the lamina muscularis mucosae. The tunica submucosa was very thin in the proventricular wall while in the ventriculus, it was not separated from the lamina propria due to the ab- sence of any lamina muscularis mucosae. The tunica muscularis of the proventriculus was formed by a thick inner layer of circular smooth muscle fibres and a thin outer layer of longitudinal fibres. In addition to these layers, oblique muscle fibres formed the most internal layer of the tunica muscularisin the ventriculus.
Consumption peer effects and utility needs in India

We construct a peer effects model where mean expenditures of consumers in one's peer group affect utility through perceived consumption needs. We provide a novel method for obtaining identification in social interactions models like ours, using ordinary survey data, where very few members of each peer group are observed. We implement the model using standard household‐level consumer expenditure survey microdata from India. We find that each additional rupee spent by one's peers increases perceived needs, and thereby reduces one's utility, by the equivalent of a 0.25 rupee decrease in one's own expenditures. These peer costs may be larger for richer households, meaning transfers from rich to poor could improve even inequality‐neutral social welfare, by reducing peer consumption externalities. We show welfare gains of billions of dollars per year might be possible by replacing government transfers of private goods to households with providing public goods or services, to reduce peer effects.
Comparative Study of Different Methods of Detection of β-lactamase Production in Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates and Studying Induction of Resistance to Cefipime

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by Gram negative bacteria. They are able to hydrolyze extended spectrum cephalosporins, penicillins and monobactams but inactive against cephamycin and imipenem. Various phenotypic methods are used in the routine practice to detect the ESBL production in Gram-negative bacilli. However detection of AmpC β-lactamases is not very common. This study aimed to detect the resistance pattern of cefepime, a fourth generation cephalosporin, among the tested Gram negative isolates collected from Egypt and to compare different phenotypic methods for the detection of ESBL and AmpC production in these isolates. We also studied the induction of cefepime resistance among the tested isolates and tested the stability of this induced resistance. A total of 113 Gram negative clinical isolates were studied. Three dimensional test detected ESBLs in 54 (55.1%) isolates, whereas the double disc synergy test detected ESBLs in 47 (48%) isolates these results were confirmed by the CLSI confirmatory test. The three dimensional test has been found to be better than Double disc synergy test in the detection of ESBLs. Most of the ESBL producing organisms are multidrug resistant. Cefepime was found to be able to induce resistance towards itself in all the selected isolates, this resistance was found to be stable in the tested isolates. Therefore cefepime should not be used alone for prolonged periods because it induces self-resistance by stimulating bacteria to produce β-lactamases. K e y w o r d s
Using Environmental Stimuli in Physical Activity Intervention for School Teachers: A Pilot Study

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of a six-week intervention that aimed to promote teachers’ physical activity level during working hours. Thirty-eight teachers from three intervention schools (schools randomly assigned as intervention group) received intervention prompts: SMS messages, leaflets and posters promoting walking, and a pedometer. Fourteen teachers were from a control school (school randomly assigned as control group). All participants reported pedometer readings and rated their Stage of Change scores before and after intervention. Differences in step counts per minute between groups were examined using ANCOVA adjusted by time duration for step counts. The intervention group had a higher increase in steps-at-work (t=3.61, P<0.001) than the control group and type of commuter affected the increase in steps-at-work for the intervention group (F 2,34=4.95, P<0.01, ηp 2 =.23). The study concluded that an intervention utilizing environmental stimuli as the strategy can be successfully applied in the school setting for the promotion of school teachers’ physical activity.
A critical review of autism spectrum disorders in CHARGE syndrome

The aim of this manuscript is to analyze the literature regarding autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in CHARGE syndrome. Systematic search of articles in SCIENCE DIRECT, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases. Articles published in English and French were searched with the terms “autis”, “behavior”, “development” associated with “CHARGE syndrome”. From 247 citations, we selected 16 relevant papers, then included 7 articles in the qualitative synthesis. Data were extracted on methodological quality (use of ASD-specific tools and measurements of factors), number of participants and results. Few studies investigated ASDs in CHARGE syndrome and even fewer used specific or diagnostic tools for ASDs. Rates are inconsistent across studies, which might be due to variation in tools used, from diagnostic tools to parental reports. Factors of ASDs in CHARGE syndrome included cerebral anomalies, degree of visual and hearing loss, intellectual disability, and medical involvement. Results are inconsistent and may be due to different ways of accounting for sensory impairments and ASDs or overlap among factors. CHARGE syndrome could exhibit a specific autistic-like profile even if few studies have precisely investigated autistic behaviors in this population. Challenging behaviors and autistic-like behaviors are often confused in patients with CHARGE syndrome. Future research is needed in both areas Abbreviations: ABC: Autism Behavior Checklist; ADOS: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; ADI: Autism Diagnostic Interview; ASDs: Autism Spectrum Disorders; CARS: Childhood Autism Rating Scale; CS: CHARGE syndrome; DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; OAV: Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral syndrome; PDD: Pervasive Developmental disorder; VABS: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale.
The fiscal impact of immigration in OECD countries

Whether immigrants make the fiscal challenges faced by OECD countries more difficult or whether they aid in addressing them is a topical question in many OECD countries. This chapter provides a first-time comparative analysis of the fiscal impact of immigration in OECD countries, using data for all European OECD countries, as well as Australia, Canada and the United States. It also includes a comprehensive overview of the literature and the methodological issues involved in estimating the fiscal impact of migration. Depending on the assumptions made and the methodology used, estimates of the fiscal impact of immigration vary, although in most countries it tends to be small in terms of GDP and is around zero on average across OECD countries.
Collection and Analysis of Traditional Ecological Knowledge about a Population of Arctic Tundra Caribou

Aboriginal peoples want their ecological knowledge used in the management of wildlife populations. To accomplish this, management agencies will need regional summaries of aboriginal knowledge about long-term changes in the distribution and abundance of wildlife populations and ecological factors that influence those changes. Between 1983 and 1994, we developed a method for collecting Inuit knowledge about historical changes in a caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ) population on southern Baffin Island from c. 1900 to 1994. Advice from Inuit allowed us to collect and interpret their oral knowledge in culturally appropriate ways. Local Hunters and Trappers Associations (HTAs) and other Inuit identified potential informants to maximize the spatial and temporal scope of the study. In the final interview protocol, each informant (i) established his biographical map and time line, (ii) described changes in caribou distribution and density during his life, and (iii) discussed ecological factors that may have caused changes in caribou populations. Personal and parental observations of caribou distribution and abundance were reliable and precise. Inuit who had hunted caribou during periods of scarcity provided more extensive information than those hunters who had hunted mainly ringed seals ( Phoca hispida ); nevertheless, seal hunters provided information about coastal areas where caribou densities were insufficient for the needs of caribou hunters. The wording of our questions influenced the reliability of informants' answers; leading questions were especially problematic. We used only information that we considered reliable after analyzing the wording of both questions and answers from translated transcripts. This analysis may have excluded some reliable information because informants tended to understate certainty in their recollections. We tried to retain the accuracy and precision inherent in Inuit oral traditions; comparisons of information from several informants and comparisons with published and archival historical reports indicate that we retained these qualities of Inuit knowledge.
Shuttle Gaseous Hydrogen Venting Risk from Flow Control Valve Failure

This paper describes a series of studies to assess the potential risk associated with the failure of one of three gaseous hydrogen flow control valves in the orbiter's main propulsion system during the launch of Shuttle Endeavour (STS-126) in November 2008. The studies focused on critical issues associated with the possibility of combustion resulting from release of gaseous hydrogen from the external tank into the atmosphere during assent. The Shuttle Program currently assumes hydrogen venting from the external tank will result in a critical failure. The current effort was conducted to increase understanding of the risk associated with venting hydrogen given the flow control valve failure scenarios being considered in the Integrated In-Flight Anomaly Investigation being conducted by NASA.
Role of Insulin Resistance in Males with Early Androgenetic Alopecia

Early androgentic alopecia (EAA): is an androgen related disorder. It could be a clinical marker of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in men with EAA <35years. Insulin resistance (IR): is a condition in which the body produces insulin but does not use it properly. We aimed in this study to evaluate the role of IR in males with EAA. Subject and methods: This study was performed on a total of 30 male patients with EAA aged between 18-50 years Vs 30 age matched healthy subjects as a control group. All subjects were subjected to: full history taking, dermatologic examination, grading of Androgenetic alopecia. Measurement of (IR), serum cholesterol, TG, serum insulin, Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), LDL, HDL, and Diastolic Blood Pressure(DBP), Result; There was significant increase in (IR), serum cholesterol, (TG), serum insulin, (SBP), (BMI) and waist circumference in patient group in comparison with control group while no significant difference regarding (FPG), (LDL), (HDL) and (DBP) in both groups. There was significant increase in IR in progress with grading of androgenetic alopecia. IR significantly increased with age in patient group. Neither duration nor family history of EAA had significant association with IR. Smoking had significant impact on IR in both groups. Conclusion and Recommendation: Strong association between IR EAA and its grading, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycemia should be excluded in males with EAA should.
Germination Characters as Affected by Salinity Stress and Soaking Grain Sorghum Genotypesin Humic acid

In order to investigate salinity stress on sorghum germination indices, an experiment conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University from June and July 2017 in Agronomy Department, Seed Science Laboratory. The goals of the investigation aimed to screening for five (Sorghum bicolor L.(Moench) cultivarsviz. Dorado, hybrid 306, Giza 15, Mecca hybrid and H-305 under salinity stress, sodium chloride (Na Cl) at the levels of 0 (as control), 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 dS/m-1 and soaking in humic acid. The results showed that soaking seed in humic acid exceeded percentage of germination, germination rate, germination index, energy of germination and chlorophyll content by 5.2, 7.7, 17.1, 65.8 and 17.8 %, respectively. The highest germination percentage (91.9 %), germination rate (3.08), germination energy (59.7), seedling vigor index (1483.7) and chlorophyll content (2.88) were obtained from sown Mecca hybrid. The maximum germination index (117.22) was obtainedfrom sown Giza 15 cultivar.The results point out that cumulative salinity level from 3 to 15 dSm-1condensedall studied germination characters. Accumulative salinity levels to 15 dSm-1condensedpercentage of germination, germination rate, index of germination, germination energy and seedling vigor index by 15.9, 15.0, 30.0, 35.9 and 37.6 %, respectively compared without salinity application. It could recommended that soaking sorghum seed of Meeca hybrid with humic acid for 12 h under salinity of concentration of 6 dSm-1 enhanced germination characters compared with other cultivars and salinity concentrations, it mean cultivated it under reclaimed saline soil in Egypt.