Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycemic control and lipid profi le of children and adolescents undergoing two different dietetic treatments for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective: To compare the glycemic control and lipid profile of children and adolescents undergoing two different dietetic treatments for type 1 Diabetes Mellitus assisted at the Children and Adolescent’s Diabetes Mellitus Health Center-UFRJ. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study conducted between 2002 and 2006. We evaluated the same subjects in two different periods: after 1 year in TD and subsequently after 1 year in CCHO. The evolution of the nutritional status during the dietary treatments was evaluated using Body Mass Index (BMI) for age. The lipid panel was evaluated according to the 1st Guideline for Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Childhood and Adolescence, used in Brazil, and the glycemic control was evaluated by measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: We evaluated 93 individuals, 38.7% children and 61.3% adolescents. The mean age at study entry was 11.1 (± 2.66) years and the mean disease duration was 6.1 (± 3.2) years. A significant difference in the percentage of adequacy of HbA1c (p = 0.000) and in the values of total plasma cholesterol (p = 0.043) was found after 1 year of CCHO diet, which did not happen during the observation time of TD. The evolution of anthropometric nutritional status showed no significant difference between the beginning and the end of both dietary treatments. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a more flexible food orientation program can contribute to the improvement of blood glucose levels without causing deterioration of the lipid profile when compared to TD. (Nutr Hosp. 2014;29:547-552) DOI:10.3305/NH.2014. 29.3. 7116
Health Consequences of Vegetarian Diets

Populations consuming vegetarian and semi-vegetarian diets have lower rates of several chronic diseases that typically plague Western countries, including heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers. This is true of vegetarians living in Western countries and of populations consuming plant-based diets in developing countries. Migration studies indicate these differences are due to environmental factors. The incidence of heart disease and many cancers increases when people from countries where plant-based diets are consumed relocate to countries with diets predominantly based on animal products. Similarly, when people in developing countries become more affluent and begin to add more animal products to their diet, rates of chronic disease increase. Much of the available information about health effects of vegetarian diets comes from two large prospective epidemiologic studies. The Adventist Health Study (AHS)-1 is a cohort of 34,192 California Seventh-day Adventists (SDAs) that began in 1974–1976. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Oxford (EPIC-Oxford) in the United Kingdom has 65,429 participants and oversampled for vegetarians. In addition, a second study of Adventists, the AHS-2, began in 2002 and had enrolled 96,194 participants as of 2007. It includes subjects from all 50 states and Canada and has provided some preliminary cross-sectional data based on enrollment questionnaires. Smaller cohorts that also enrolled vegetarians were the Health Food Shoppers Study, the Oxford Vegetarian Study, both in the United Kingdom, and the Heidelberg Vegetarian Study in Germany. Data from the AHS-1 showed that SDAs had longer life expectancies compared to the general population, which was attributable to a healthy lifestyle that includes exercise, tobacco avoidance, and healthful diet, and also that among the study participants, Adventist vegetarians had even greater life expectancy than nonvegetarians. However, results from the EPIC-Oxford and the Oxford Vegetarian Study showed that, although British vegetarians were found to have low mortality rates compared to the general population, there was no difference in mortality between vegetarians and other study participants who had healthful lifestyles, although mortality from ischemic heart disease was 19% lower among the vegetarians. Identifying precisely which dietary Health Consequences of Vegetarian Diets
NEW NORMALITY AXIOMS AND DECOMPOSITIONS OF NORMALITY

Generalizations of normality, called (weakly) (function- ally) -normal spaces, are introduced and studied. This leads to decompo- sitions of normality. It turns out that every paracompact space is -normal. Moreover, every Lindelof space as well as every almost compact space is weakly -normal. Preservation of -normality and its variants under map- pings is studied. This in turn strengthens several known results pertaining to normality.
The Validity of CMFDA and Ethd-1 in the Determination of Osteocyte Viability in the Diaphysis of Long Bones in a Sheep Model

The determination of osteocyte viability is essential in bone research and clinical practice; however its determination at the time of sampling, without disruption of the bone matrix is difficult. The current clinical histological diagnosis of osteonecrosis requires the identification of empty osteocyte lacunae, which may take up to 4 weeks to completely develop. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) and ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1) to stain osteocyte viability at the time of sampling without disrupting the bony architecture in a sheep model. The methods involved harvesting adult sheep femoral and tibial mid-diaphyseal bone and staining 1 cm thick samples with different concentrations of CMFDA and EthD-1 for varying durations at different temperatures. Osteocyte viability and the effect on background staining were assessed. The results show that CMFDA and EthD-1 can successfully stain for osteocyte viability in situ at the time of sampling without destruction of the bone matrix. Optimal staining is achieved with a concentration of 2.5 μl CMFDA (25 μmol) and 5 μl EthD-1 (10 μmol) to 1ml DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) for a duration of 4 hours at 4oC. These intermediate stain concentrations, low temperatures and short incubation periods limit background staining. We conclude that in contrast to analysing for empty osteocyte lacunae, CMFDA and EthD-1 can stain osteocytes for their viability from the time of injury and thus may aid in an earlier and more precise diagnosis of the percentage of osteocyte necrosis.
Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome With Incident Aortic Valve Calcium and Aortic Valve Calcium Progression

OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with increased prevalence of aortic valve calcium (AVC) and with increased progression of aortic stenosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MetS is associated with increased risks for the development of new (“incident”) AVC or for progression of established AVC as assessed by CT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The relationships of MetS or its components as well as of diabetes to risks for incident AVC or AVC progression were studied among participants with CT scans performed at baseline and at either year 2 or year 3 examinations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). RESULTS Of 5,723 MESA participants meeting criteria for inclusion, 1,674 had MetS by Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, whereas 761 had diabetes. Among the 5,123 participants without baseline AVC, risks for incident AVC, adjusted for time between scans, age, sex, race/ethnicity, LDL cholesterol, lipid-lowering medications, and smoking, were increased significantly for MetS (odds ratio [OR] 1.67 [95% CI 1.21–2.31]) or diabetes (2.06 [1.39–3.06]). In addition, there was an increase in incident AVC risk with increasing number of MetS components. Similar results were found using the International Diabetes Federation MetS criteria. Among the 600 participants (10.5%) with baseline AVC, neither MetS nor diabetes was associated with AVC progression. CONCLUSIONS In the MESA cohort, MetS was associated with a significant increase in incident (“new”) AVC, raising the possibility that MetS may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent AVC development.
Evaluating the Operative Notes of Patients Undergoing Surgery at Omdurman Teaching Hospital , Sudan

Operation notes writing is one of the fundamental parts of the surgical practice. It should be accurate, clear, and informative and contains all the events and steps in the surgical procedure, to be of value when used in further follow up or in medico legal conditions. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of operative notes at Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, with the standard set by the Royal College of Surgeons, England 2008. A one month retrospective, descriptive study (2013 Jan.1 to 31) evaluated the operative notes of patients whom had moderate to major surgical procedures. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS version 20. The study included 216 operative notes. Patient identification (name, age) was absent in more than 60%. Operating surgeon and assistant names were present in more than 90%. In only 3.2%, the procedure was categorized as an elective or emergency. Surgical incision, description of operative findings, operative complications (if any), and details of closure were mentioned in 63.9%, 69.4%, 37.5%, 26.9% respectively. In conclusion, there is significant deficiency in the contents and missing of vital and crucial information may lead to difficulty in further patients’ management and weakness in doctor defense in medico-legal cases.
On Pólya-Szegö and Chebyshev types inequalities involving the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operators

In this paper, we investigate some new Pólya-Szegö type integral inequalities involving the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operator, and use them to prove some fractional integral inequalities of Chebyshev type, concerning the integral of the product of two functions and the product of two integrals. Certain special cases are also considered. Finally, examples for constructing the bounding functions are also given. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 26D10, 26A33, 26D15.
Study of Low Frequency Phonon Modes in YBCO System

The phonon modes in YBa2Cu3O7-δ and YBa2-xLaxCu3O7-δ systems have been systematically studied by Raman spectroscopy. The new phonon modes of 104 cm-1, 94 cm-1, and 89 cm-1 were found in all these samples. A crude estimate about the wavenumber of the collective vibration of the stable CuO2 plane was given in this paper. The standard deviations of the new phonons in YBa2Cu3O7-δ and YBa2-xLaxCu3O7-δ systems were discussed. The results of the calculation indicated that the 104 cm-1 mode probably stands the c-direction collective vibration of the stable CuO2 plane, the 94 cm-1 mode stands the a-direction vibration, and the 89 cm-1 mode stands b-direction vibration. The relevance between these phonons and the superconductivity was discussed. It is found that, as the Tc decreased, the 104 cm-1 mode and the 94 cm-1 mode softened, and the 89 cm-1 mode hardened slightly.
Techno-Logy & Human Development

In this study, relationship between technology and development is examined comparatively under conceptual and econometric aspect. Data analyses and Vector Error Correction Model as the basis for the causality test is applied for 55 countries in a different development levels for the period 2000 to 2013. High technology export, ICT export, patent applications and individual internet usage is used as an indicator of the technology level in the analyses. It is concluded that there exists a considerable difference about the relationship between technology and development between developed and developing countries.
SYNCHRONIZATION-POINT DRIVEN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN CHIP MULTIPROCESSORS

With the proliferation of Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs), shared memory multi-threaded programs are expanding fast in every application domain. These programs exhibit execution characteristics that go beyond those observed in single-threaded programs, mainly due to data sharing and synchronization. To ensure that next generation CMPs will perform well on such anticipated workloads, it is vital to understand how these programs and architectures interact, and exploit the unique opportunities presented. This thesis examines the time-varying execution characteristics of the shared memory workloads in conjunction to the synchronization points that exist in the programs. The main hypothesis is that the type, the position, and the repetitive execution of synchronization constructs can be exploited to unfold important execution phases and enable new optimization opportunities. The research provides a simple application-driven approach for predicting the program behavior and effectively driving dynamic performance optimization and resource management actions in future CMPs. In the first part of this thesis, I show how synchronization points relate to various program-wide periodic behaviors. Based on the observations, I develop a framework where user-level synchronization primitives are exposed to the hardware and monitored to detect program phases and guide dynamic adaptation. Through workload-driven evaluation, I demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework in improving the performance/power in on-chip interconnects. The second part of the thesis explores in depth the inter-thread communication behaviors. I show that although synchronization points under the shared memory model do not expose any communication details, they indicate well the points where coherence communication patterns change or repeat. By leveraging this property, I design a synchronization-point-based coherence predictor that uncovers communication patterns with high accuracy, while consuming significantly less hardware resources compared to existing predictors. In the last part, I investigate the underlying reasons causing threads to wait in synchronization points, wasting resources. I show that these reasons can vary even across different programs phases, and existing critical-path predictors can render ineffective under certain conditions. I then present a new scheme that improves predictability by incorporating history information from previous points. The new design is robust and can amortize the run-time imbalances to improve the system's performance and/or energy.
EDITORIAL: LESSONS LEARNED FROM OUR DISCIPLINE, AND MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF TECHNOLOGY AT THE INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHER

Research examining the roles and locations of business leaders, including the boards of directors, makes an important contribution to our understanding of corporations. Within the context of the emerging literature focusing on firms as dynamic organizations constructed through social relations, the spatial dimension of business leadership is an important but under-investigated area of research. This paper contributes to this field of geographic investigation by identifying the most important universities for the education of directors of America’s largest corporations. The results demonstrate the continuing dominance of Harvard University and other Ivy League institutions, with gains also experienced by major Sunbelt universities. Boston stands out from all U.S. metropolitan areas in terms of the breadth and depth of its universities’ national network of director alumni. Finally, director affiliation linkages examined here are only weakly related to previous standard measures of corporate influence, such as metropolitan headquarters hosting status. Examination of the geography of corporate directors and educational affiliations represents a new and distinctive perspective on the spatial distribution of corporate culture and influence in America.
Active microrheology: Fixed-velocity versus fixed-force

In active microrheology, a probe particle is driven by an external force through a complex medium and its motion studied in order to infer properties of the embedding material. It is conducted in two limiting forms: either the probe is propelled by a fixed force, as with magnetic tweezers, or it is driven at a fixed velocity, as with optical tweezers. Recent work has shown that the mean probe motion can be interpreted as an effective material viscosity, but that this viscosity depends on whether the fixed-force or fixed-velocity mode is employed. We compute the effective viscosity probed by fixed-velocity active microrheology of a dilute colloidal dispersion. A comparison is made between this new result and the effective viscosity probed in the fixed-force mode. In the absence of hydrodynamic interactions, the particle-phase contributions to the effective viscosity for the two modes differ by exactly a factor of two. A simple scaling argument has been previously advanced to rationalize this difference: in.
Filbertone as a marker for the assessment of hazelnut spread quality.

Cižkova H. , Rajchl A. , Snebergrova J., Voldřich M. (2013): Filbertone as a marker for the assessment of hazelnut spread quality. Czech J. Food Sci., 31: 81–87. A method was proposed for the authenticity evaluation of the hazelnut based products, in which the hazelnut paste content is the principle qualitative parameter. The procedure is based on the determination of filbertone ((e)-5-methylhept-2-en-4-one), the natural, unique, and characteristic aroma component of the hazelnuts. A set of authentic hazelnut pastes and model samples containing various hazelnut paste amounts (from 0.1% to 28%) were analysed. Due to the variability found in filbertone content, it was not possible to propose a sufficiently robust model for the hazelnut paste quantification, however, filbertone was found to be a proper marker for the quality sorting of commercial hazelnut spreads. Available hazelnut spreads from the market were analysed and classified into three groups: samples with minimal content of hazelnuts (less than 1%, the filbertone content lower than 4 μg/kg); samples with middle contents of hazelnuts (from 1% to 10%, filbertone 4–45 μg/kg); superior samples with high contents of hazelnuts (above 10%, filbertone above 45 μg/kg).
Teaching Practices and Social Capital

We use several data sets to consider the effect of teaching practices on student beliefs, as well as on organization of firms and institutions. In cross-country data, we show that teaching practices (such as copying from the board versus working on projects together) are strongly related to various dimensions of social capital, from beliefs in cooperation to institutional outcomes. We then use micro-data to investigate the influence of teaching practices on student beliefs about cooperation and students' involvement in civic life. A two-stage least square strategy provides evidence that teaching practices have an independent sizeable effect on student social capital. The relationship between teaching practices and student test performance is nonlinear. The evidence supports the idea that progressive education promotes social capital.
Quantum-assisted quantum compiling

Compiling quantum algorithms for near-term quantum computers (accounting for connectivity and native gate alphabets) is a major challenge that has received significant attention both by industry and academia. Avoiding the exponential overhead of classical simulation of quantum dynamics will allow compilation of larger algorithms, and a strategy for this is to evaluate an algorithm's cost on a quantum computer. To this end, we propose a variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithm called quantum-assisted quantum compiling (QAQC). In QAQC, we use the overlap between a target unitaryUand a trainable unitaryVas the cost function to be evaluated on the quantum computer. More precisely, to ensure that QAQC scales well with problem size, our cost involves not only the global overlapTr(V†U)but also the local overlaps with respect to individual qubits. We introduce novel short-depth quantum circuits to quantify the terms in our cost function, and we prove that our cost cannot be efficiently approximated with a classical algorithm under reasonable complexity assumptions. We present both gradient-free and gradient-based approaches to minimizing this cost. As a demonstration of QAQC, we compile various one-qubit gates on IBM's and Rigetti's quantum computers into their respective native gate alphabets. Furthermore, we successfully simulate QAQC up to a problem size of 9 qubits, and these simulations highlight both the scalability of our cost function as well as the noise resilience of QAQC. Future applications of QAQC include algorithm depth compression, black-box compiling, noise mitigation, and benchmarking.
Relationship between Religious Attitude, Optimism, Spiritual Intelligence and Mental Hygiene of Post-Graduate Students of Islamic Azad University Tehran Science and Research Branch

The research purpose was to assess the relationship between religious attitude, optimism, spiritual intelligence and mental hygiene of post-graduate students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch. The statistical population included 220 college students who were selected through random stratified sampling. The research used descriptive-correlational design. The data gathering tools included General Health Questionnaire, Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and Life Orientation Test. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. The results revealed a significant negative relationship between internal religious attitude, optimism spiritual intelligence, and mental health. Moreover, there existed positive relationship between external religious attitude and mental hygiene. Results of regression indicated that optimism and spiritual intelligence were good predictors of female students’ mental hygiene; however, spiritual intelligence was the sole predictor of mental hygiene. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n6s1p208
(s, S) Inventory Systems with Random Lead Times: Harris Recurrence and Its Implications in Sensitivity Analysis

Most of the previous work on (s, S) inventory systems assumes that lead times for orders are such that orders never cross in time; i.e., the arrival of orders follows the same sequence as the placement of the orders. In this paper we consider more general mechanisms for random lead times. Because the introduction of a general random lead time mechanism makes the system essentially intractable for most performance measures of interest, simulation is a. natural candidate for estimating performance and/or optimizing the system. Two important issues in simulation are the stability and ergodicity of the system. Therefore, we first study some theoretical implications of the mechanism by providing conditions for which the system is stable and Harris ergodic, with the accompanying wide-sense regenerative properties. We then consider the problem of gradient estimation during simulation. Using the technique of perturbation analysis, we derive sample path-based gradient estimates for the finite-horizon average cost per period with respect to the parameters s and S and give a sample path proof of unbiasedness. We then show how stability and ergodicity can be used to simplify the estimators in the limiting infinite-horizon case and to establish strong consistency of the resulting estimators.