Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Gene Expression During Early Phases of Limb Regeneration Between Regeneration-permissive Neotenic and Regeneration-deficient Metamorphic Axolotl

The axolotl (Ambystoma Mexicanum) salamander, an urodele amphibian, has an exceptional regenerative capacity to fully restore an amputated limb throughout the life-long lasting neoteny. By contrast, when axolotls are experimentally induced to metamorphosis, attenuation of the limb’s regenerative competence is noticeable. Here, we sought to discern the proteomic profiles of the early stages of blastema formation of neotenic and metamorphic axolotls after limb amputation by means of LC-MS/MS technology. We quantified a total of 714 proteins having an adjusted p < 0.01 with FC greater or equal to 2 between two conditions. Principal component analysis revealed a conspicuous clustering between neotenic and metamorphic samples at 7 days post-amputation. Different set of proteins was identified as differentially expressed at all of the time points (1, 4, and 7 days post-amputations against day0) for neotenic and metamorphic stages. Although functional enrichment analyses underline the presence of common pathways between regenerative and nonregenerative stages, cell proliferation and its regulation associated pathways, immune system related pathways and muscle tissue and ECM remodeling and degradation pathways were represented at different rate between both stages. To validate the proteomics results and provide evidence for the putative link between immune system activity and regenerative potential, qRT-PCR for selected genes was performed.
Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii

The present study was aimed at a comparative study of the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of four medicinal plants, Ficus capensis, Aristolochia ringens, Albizia zygia and Lannea welwitschii. The leaf of F. capensis and stem bark of A. ringens , A. zygia and L. welwitschii were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was done spectrophotometrically. Three in vitro antioxidant tests-hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), nitric oxide (NO) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydroxyl (DPPH) scavenging models were employed. Antimicrobial test was done by agar diffusion method against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergittus spp. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the most abundant phytoconstituents were flavonoids ( F. capensis and A. zygia ), reducing sugar, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins . In the antioxidant models, A. zygia was found to produce the least IC50 in two of the models (NO and DPPH). Results of the antimicrobial tests showed that A. zygia showed a broader spectrum of activity than other plants. This study has shown that these plants possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities which further justify their usage in traditional medicines. A. zygia featured prominently in these activities. Also flavonoids could be responsible for the bioactivities of these plants. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 147-157, 2017 (December)
First report of maize redness disease in Hungary.

During 2010, several maize production areas in Hungary were surveyed for the occurrence of maize redness (MR) disease symptoms associated with stolbur phytoplasma, as well as for the presence of the known vector of the disease, a planthopper Reptalus panzeri (Low). Incidence of maize plants with symptoms of reddening was low in all surveyed areas. Altogether, 25 symptomatic maize plants were collected at 9 localities and tested for phytoplasma presence. In addition, from one locality specimens of cixiids R. panzeri and Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret were collected and PCR analyzed. Presence of stolbur phytoplasma in MR symptomatic maize plants and stolbur-infected R. panzeri was identified at the single locality Monorierdő in central Hungary. This finding represents the first report of MR presence in Hungary.
Normative Values for the Fusional Amplitudes and the Prevalence of Heterophoria in Adults Khatam-Al-Anbia Eye Hospital - 2009)

Purpose: To determine the fusional amplitudes and the frequency of hetrophoria, in our patients Methods: In this cross sectional study, 111 adults with mean age of 25.6 years were included. All participants had best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) better than 20 /25, more than 60 sec of arc stereopsis and had no heterotropia or other significant eye disorders. Fusional amplitudes were measured at far (6 meters) and near (40 centimeters) by rotary prism and hetrophoria was evaluated by Maddox wing. Results: The total frequency of hetrophoria was 57.7%, and exophoria, esophoria, hyperphoria and cyclophoria were 51.4%, 0.9%, 3.6% and 9.9% respectively. The mean of convergence fusional amplitudes for far and near were 11 prism diopters (PD) and 16 PD and for divergence fusional amplitudes were 7 PD and 14 PD respectively. There were correlations between convergence and divergence fusional amplitudes at far and near. Conclusion: The amount of exophoria had not affected the fusional reserves and the presence of hetrophoria was not related to the visual complaints like asthenopia and transient diplopia.
EFFECT OF WALKING SPEED AND POLE LENGTH ON KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS IN NORDIC WALKING

Nordic walking has become a wide established leisure sport in middle and northern Europe. Although cardiopulmonary benefits are well documented, reported load reductions on the lower extremities seem to be overestimated. The influence of Nordic walking speed on the gait parameters has not been researched sufficiently. The recommendations of the optimal length for Nordic walking poles vary and merely the effect of different lengths on the biomechanics of the technique has been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Nordic walking speed and pole length on kinematic and dynamic parameters in 16 Nordic walking skilled subjects. An increase of walking speed causes a more dynamic walking pattern and leads to an increase of the ground reaction forces in the first part of the stance phase and a decrease in the middle part of the stance phase. Only fine and non-systematic changes in kinematics and ground reaction forces were observed when using poles with different pole lengths.
Relative contributions of secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene, xylenes, isoprene, and monoterpenes in Hong Kong and Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta, China: an emission‐based box modeling study

Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formed from common anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) account for a significant portion of organic particulate matter in the ambient atmosphere. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) in southern China, located in the subtropics and as a region with intensive manufacturing industries, has significant emissions of both anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs. Two recent SOA tracer‐based measurement studies, one in Hong Kong (located at the mouth of the PRD) and the other at a site 20 to 50 km downwind of urban Guangzhou districts in the middle of the PRD, show a rather considerable difference in the relative SOA contributions from one group of two biogenic VOCs (isoprene and monoterpenes) and one group of anthropogenic VOCs, namely, toluene + xylenes. In Hong Kong, more SOA was formed from isoprene and monoterpenes than from toluene and xylenes, although the relative contributions of the two groups of VOCs were reversed at the site downwind of Guangzhou. An emission‐based 0‐D box model has been developed to investigate this issue. The emission inputs of major inorganic pollutants and VOCs are generated using the programs Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions and Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature for this region. Toluene/xylene emissions in Guangzhou are more than twice that in Hong Kong whereas isoprene and monoterpenes emissions were similar at the two locations. The model incorporates a CB05 chemical mechanism and gas–particle partitioning of condensable VOC oxidation products to simulate SOA formation from major VOCs including isoprene, monoterpenes, toluene, and xylenes. The model‐simulated VOCs fall within the range of ambient observations, demonstrating reasonable representation of emissions and oxidation of VOCs. The model simulates the sum of the SOA formation from isoprene, monoterpenes, and toluene + xylenes. In Hong Kong, monoterpenes are the major contributor (up to 70%), followed by isoprene (14%–48%) and toluene + xylenes (15%–43%). In Guangzhou, toluene + xylenes contribute more to SOA than isoprene and monoterpenes (up to 76% from toluene + xylenes vs. 13%–44% from isoprene and 10%–45% from monoterpenes). The reasonable agreement between the simulated SOA for the target VOCs and the tracer‐based measurements suggests that the significantly larger toluene + xylene emissions in Guangzhou could explain the substantial difference in relative SOA contributions by the two groups of VOCs in the two cities. This work has also identified a lack of good measurements of monoterpenes and their SOA tracers to be an important data deficiency in assessing the relative contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs to SOA in this region.
Estimation of global and local complexities of brain networks: A random walks approach

The complexity of brain activity has been observed at many spatial scales and there exists increasing evidence supporting its use in differentiating between mental states and disorders. Here we proposed a new measure of network (global) complexity that is constructed as the sum of the complexities of its nodes (i.e, local complexity). The local complexity of each node is regarded as an index that compares the sample entropy of the time series generated by the movement of a random walker on the network resulting from removing the node and its connections, with the sample entropy of the time series obtained from a regular lattice (the ordered state) and an Erdös-Renyi network (disordered state). We studied the complexity of fMRI-based resting-state functional networks. We found that positively correlated, or “pos”, network comprising only the positive functional connections has higher complexity than the anticorrelation (“neg”) network (comprising the negative functional connections) and the network consisting of the absolute value of all connections (“abs”). We also found a significant correlation between complexity and the strength of functional connectivity. For the pos network this correlation is significantly weaker at the local scale compared to the global scale, whereas for the neg network the link is stronger at the local scale than at the global scale, but still weaker than for the pos network. Our results suggest that the pos network is related to the information processing in the brain and should be used for functional connectivity analysis instead of the abs network as is usually done.
Microhardness and Ultrastructure of Demineralized Gamma-Irradiated Human Enamel after Diode Laser (980 nm) and Fluoride Surface Treatment

Quality of life drastically diminished after radiotherapy due to radiation induced oral complications. Fluoride was found to be helpful in decreasing the incidence of radiation caries; however it has not led to elimination of dental caries. Thus, new techniques containing low fluoride concentration or not containing fluoride at all, as laser irradiation, have been studied to prevent the beginning or progression of caries. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of laser surface treatment with or without fluoride on microhardness and ultrastructure of demineralized gamma irradiated enamel; Thirty enamel slabs were allocated into three groups (n=10): G slabs were subjected to gamma irradiation only; GL slabs were subjected to gamma irradiation followed by diode laser and GFL slabs were subjected to gamma irradiation followed by fluoride then diode laser. Slabs HIGHLIGHTS • Laser irradiation improved the microhardness of gamma irradiated enamel. • Fluoride before laser enhanced its effect on gamma irradiated enamel hardness. 2 Bakr, M.A.; et al. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. Vol.62: e19180133, 2019 www.scielo. br/babt were then exposed to demineralizing solution for 72 hours. Examination of slabs was performed using vickers microhardness test and scanning electron microscope; The lowest microhardness was recorded in group G, while inGL and GFL groups it significantly increased. Scanning electron microscope revealed a pronounced loss of central prism core and retention of prism peripheries in group G. Confluence of prismatic and interprismatic structures in GL slabs and irregular rough surface with prismatic boundaries conservation in GFL slabs were detected. Applying laser improved the microhardness and counteracted the adverse effect of gamma radiation. Adding fluoride before laser irradiation had a marked effect on microhardness.
Costs and risks associated with surveying the extent of herbicide resistance in New Zealand

ABSTRACT Herbicide resistance has repeatedly developed under intensive herbicidal weed management regimes globally with 255 species having resistant biotypes. In New Zealand, since 1979, resistance was found in 13 taxa, with >25 herbicides in 8 chemical classes showing reduced effectiveness (i.e. HRAC groups A, B, C, D, F, G, H, N and O). Cases included weeds in turf, pastures, orchards, vineyards, forage and arable crops. Surprisingly little is known about the spatial extent or frequency of this problem in New Zealand. We estimate that 14,000 farms have land-use histories like those favouring herbicide resistance historically. Sampling simulations of ≥10% farms provided good estimates of resistance prevalence for most regions and crop types. Acceptable sampling rates varied with target population size, actual resistance prevalence, and detection certainty. Our simulations provide a sobering caution regarding our ability to delimit the problem cheaply or accurately. Detection rates lower than 75% always give imprecise prevalence estimates. Sampling and screening involved 7.4 h labour and 27 km of travel costing $759 NZD per farm. Sampling 10% of farms would cost >$1 million NZD if lower risk farms were excluded, or >$3 million in exhaustive surveys. Regional farm and industry breakdowns could guide cost-sharing arrangements for surveys.
Distributions of total and active bacteria in biofilms lining tubes of the onuphid polychaete Diopatra cuprea

Infaunal burrows and tubes support elevated levels of microbial biomass and activities relative to the surrounding bulk sediments. The impacts of these structures on sediment biogeochemistry have been intensively studied, but very little is known about the microbiota or their spatial organization within these microenvironments. Distributions of bacterial cells and microcolonies and of potentially active bacterial cells in tubes of the onuphid polychaete Diopatra cuprea were determined using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Distributions were examined among different tubes, at different locations within a tube, and at different depths in the biofilms lining these tubes. The average quantity of cells across all tubes examined was 5.61 × 10 8 cm -3 and there was no trend in the distribution of cells along the length of the tube or with increasing depth in the biofilm. Cell size across all tubes collected in February 1997 averaged 0.085 μm 3 but varied seasonally. Mean cell size increased with increasing depth below the sediment surface of the tube site sampled, and decreased with increasing depth in the biofilm. Microcolonies were abundant and not confined to specific depths within the biofilm or locations within the tube. Potentially active cells were observed at all depths within the biofilm and at least 46 % (mean = 68 %) of cells at any given site were potentially active. We hypothesize that the observed trends in cell distribution are responsive to tube irrigation by the host polychaete.
The Effect of Sibship Size on Educational Attainment in China: Period Variations

In industrialized nations, sibship size generally depresses educational attainment: the larger the number of siblings, the lower the educational attainment. This association is much less consistent in developing nations, however. This article examines the effect that the number of siblings has on educational attainment in China, a nation that has experienced sharp vacillations between policies designed to promote equality (between urban and rural residents and between men and women) and policies designed to promote economic development. The implementation of these policies in the educational arena has alternately reduced and increased competition for educational resources and, as we show, has correspondingly reduced and increased the effect of sibship size on educational attainment.
Estimates of the size of the Baltic grey seal population based on photo-identification data

The size of the year 2000 summer population of grey seals in the Baltic Sea was estimated using identification of individual seals from photographs taken over a period of 6 years. Photos were taken at haul-out sites within all major grey seal areas in the semi-closed Baltic Sea. The point estimate is 15,631, based on a value for annual survival of identification markings of 0.904, which was also estimated using the photo-id data, with 95% confidence limits from 9,592 to 19,005. The estimate is subject to an unknown, but probably small, upward bias resulting from the risk of failure to identify all individuals in the photographs used for the analysis. An estimated minimum of 15,950 seals were counted at moulting haul-outs in 2003, which thus provides a lower bound on the population size in that year and represents 80% of the photo-id point estimate.
Integrating Dependency on the Leader and Empowerment into the Transformational Leadership-Creative Performance Relationship

Previous literature highlights employees’ creativity as an important means to foster innovation and competitive advantage in companies. Transformational leadership is a leadership approach aiming at stimulating and encouraging the creative performance of employees. However, contradictory empirical findings indicate that the relationship between transformational leadership and creativity may be more complex than a simple direct link. Drawing from existing literature, we propose that dependency on the leader is a partial mediator of this relationship, impeding employees’ creativity. Synthesizing theories of leadership and creativity, we propose that empowerment as a moderator is able to reduce the dependency on the leader caused by transformational leadership as well as to contribute to turning possible negative outcomes of transformational leadership on creative performance into positive. Findings of a PLS analysis of 271 employees support the predicted mediating and moderating effects. Post-hoc analysis reveals a curvilinear moderating effect and provides additional insights on the varying effects of the subdimensions of empowerment.
Botanical and agronomic growth of two Panicum maximum cultivars, Mombasa and Tanzania, at varying sowing rates

A field trial in northeast Thailand during 2011–2013 compared the establishment and growth of 2 Panicum maximum cultivars, Mombasa and Tanzania, sown at seeding rates of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 kg/ha. In the first 3 months of establishment, higher sowing rates produced significantly more DM than sowing at 2 kg/ha, but thereafter there were no significant differences in total DM production between sowing rates of 2–12 kg/ha. Lower sowing rates produced fewer tillers/m 2 than higher sowing rates but these fewer tillers were significantly heavier than the more numerous smaller tillers produced by higher sowing rates. Mombasa produced 23% more DM than Tanzania in successive wet seasons (7,060 vs. 5,712 kg DM/ha from 16 June to 1 November 2011; and 16,433 vs. 13,350 kg DM/ha from 25 April to 24 October 2012). Both cultivars produced similar DM yields in the dry seasons (November–April), averaging 2,000 kg DM/ha in the first dry season and 1,750 kg DM/ha in the second dry season. Mombasa produced taller tillers (104 vs. 82 cm), longer leaves (60 vs. 47 cm), wider leaves (2 vs. 1.8 cm) and heavier tillers (1 vs. 0.7 g) than Tanzania but fewer tillers/m 2 (260 vs. 304). If farmers improve soil preparation and place more emphasis on sowing techniques, there is potential to dramatically reduce seed costs. Keywords: Guinea grass, tillering, forage production, seeding rates, Thailand. DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(2)246-253
Assessment of Biochemical and Antioxidant Enzymes and Stress Hormone in Crossbred-Cows during Peripartum Period

The transition (or periparturient) period is the most critical period in dairy cows regarding health status and production. Lactation is the period of increased physiological stress, which is observed especially in early lactation. Rapid differentiation of secretory parenchyma, intense mammary gland growth, and the onset of copious milk synthesis and secretion in early lactation give rise to the high energy and oxygen requirements (Gitto et al., 2002), thus resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal physiological condition, the generated ROS are neutralized by the antioxidant system and the redox International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 07 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Are Non-Expected Utility individuals really Dynamically Inconsistent? Experimental Evidence

We investigate whether non-EU agents satisfy strategic dynamic consistency (SDC), i.e. "consistent planning" according to Strotz (1955). Depending on the dynamic axiom that is violated (dynamic consistency, consequentialism or reduction of compound lottery), we categorise non-EU individuals either as naive, sophisticated or resolute. We rely on experimental data about individual behaviour to built a two-way categorisation of our subjects: firstly, either as EU or non-EU, and secondly either as SDC or non-SDC. Our main finding is that most non-EU subjects satisfy both SDC and dynamic consistency. This result raises an interesting theoretical puzzle about the dynamically consistent behaviour of non-EU agents.