Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy and trust in Facebook photo sharing: age and gender differences

The purpose of this paper is to examine gender and age differences regarding various aspects of privacy, trust, and activity on one of the most popular Facebook activity – “photo sharing. ”,The data were collected using an online survey hosted by a web-based survey service for three weeks during December 2014-January 2015. The target audience comprised of Facebook users over 18 years engaged in sharing their photos on the platform. ,Women and young Facebook users are significantly more concerned about the privacy of their shared photos. Meanwhile, users from older age groups are less active in using the site, in sharing photos, and in taking privacy-related protective measures. Interestingly, despite having more privacy concerns, young Facebook users display higher trust levels toward the platform than older users. Overall, in the study, there was an extremely significant difference in privacy attitudes among people under and over 35 years of age. ,The main contribution of this study is new knowledge regarding the gender and age differences in various privacy-related aspects, trust, and activity. Findings from the study broadens the overall understanding of how these issues positively/negatively influence the photo-sharing activity on Facebook.
Surgical Decompression of Arachnoid Cysts Leads to Improved Quality of Life: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND There is no previous prospective study on the outcome of surgical decompression of intracranial arachnoid cysts (AC). OBJECTIVE To investigate if surgical fenestration for AC leads to change in patients' health-related quality of life. METHODS Prospective study including 76 adult patients operated for AC. Patients responded to Short Form-36 and Glasgow Benefit Inventory quality of life questionnaires, and to visual analogue scales, assessing headache and dizziness pre- and postoperatively. Patient scores were compared with those of a large sample of healthy individuals. RESULTS Preoperatively, 84.2% of the patients experienced headache and 70.1% dizziness. Mean pre- versus postoperative Visual Analogue Scale scores for headache and dizziness dropped from 45.6 to 25.7 and from 35.2 to 12.2, respectively. Preoperative Short Form-36 scores were significantly below age norms in all subscales, but improved after surgery into normal range in 7 out of 8 subscales for middle-aged and older patients. Younger patients' scores remained lower than age norm in 6 out of 8 subscales. A significant postoperative improvement was seen in 3 out of 4 Glasgow Benefit Inventory subscales. Improvement in headache and/or dizziness, but not preoperative cyst size or reduction in cyst volume, correlated with improvement in 6 out of 8 Short Form-36 subscales and 3 out of 4 Glasgow Benefit Inventory subscales. Only 1 patient experienced a severe complication causing permanent invalidity. CONCLUSION Surgery for AC can be performed with a fairly low risk of complications and yields significant improvement in quality of life correlated to postoperative improvement in headache and dizziness. These findings may justify a more liberal approach to surgical treatment for AC.
Psychosocial Outcome after ICD Implantation: A Current Perspective

Depression and reduced sexual functioning have been identified as problems following ICD placement. We examined these issues, and multiple other quality‐of‐life measures, and their relationship to ICD and ICD discharge. Patients were 64 ± 11 years old, 72% male, and had undergone ICD 20 ± 14 months previously. Fifty‐eight patients responded to a confidential biopsychosocial questionnaire. Positive attitudes toward the procedure increased from 52% before to 76% after implantation. Satisfaction correlated most strongly with less anger (P = 0.002, r = 0.45), less worry about ICD size (P = 0.007, r = 0.38), less sadness (P = 0.01, r = 0.37), and perceived better health (P = 0.01, r = 0.35). Of these ICD patients, 20%–58% reported measures of depression, and sexual frequency was reduced in 45%. Despite successful ICD placement, health concern increased in 62 % of the respondents. Thirty‐nine percent attended support groups; 96% found them very helpful. Mean number of ICD discharges described by responders was 5 ± 11. Fifty percent of our sample reported ≥ 1 shock; equal numbers had 1, 2–5, 6–10, and more than 10 shocks. Sixty‐two percent of men had at least one discharge compared to 13% of women. After controlling for cardiac clinical variables, experiencing ≥ 1 ICD shock was strongly associated with anxiety about family (odds ratio = 7.3), reduced new activities (odds ratio = 6.9), increased sadness (odds ratio = 6.2), and health worry (odds ratio = 5.8). Experiencing ≥ 5 ICD shocks was strongly associated with increased health concern (odds ratio = 13.6), increased sadness (odds ratio = 12.5), increased fatigue (odds ratio = 6.1), current sadness (odds ratio = 5.8), and increased nervousness (odds ratio = 5.3). ICD implantation powerfully affects quality‐of‐life. Postimplantation health concern is paradoxically increased despite improvement in actual health. Negative emotions are associated with defibrillator discharge.
Circadian rhythms of serum and urinary estrogens in pregnancy.

Diurnal variations in serum unconjugated estradiol-17β (SE2), serum total estriol (SE3), total urinary estrogens (UE), and UE/creatinine ratios (E/C) were determined on samples obtained at 4-hr intervals from 22 women in the third trimester of normal pregnancy. Analysis of variance indicated significant variations in SE2 (p < 0.001), UE (p < 0.01), and E/C (p < 0.05). Multiple comparison of means showed maximum values at 12 pm to be significantly greater than minimum values at 12 am (p < 0.01). The SE3 rhythm was less marked with individual daytime (8 am–12 pm–4 pm) means significantly greater (p < 0.001) than those at nighttime (8 pm–12 am–4 am). It is proposed that this rhythm reflects changes in availability of estrogen precursors known to be secreted rhythmically by the maternal adrenal.
Psychopathy and the allocation of attentional capacity in a divided-attention situation.

University of Wisconsin--Madison To investigate the hypothesis that psychopaths allocate most of their attentional capacity to stimuli and responses of immediate interest, we assessed psychopaths' dual-task performance under two instructional sets. Using Hare's (1980) checklist, we classified 72 white male prison inmates as psy- chopaths or nonpsychopaths. We predicted that psychopaths would divide attention adequately be- tween a visual search and probe-reaction time task, but that when instructions defined the search as subjects" primary task, psychopaths would overfocus on it and outperform nonpsychopaths at the cost of relatively poor secondary task performance. The results of our study challenge the utility of the oveffocusing hypothesis. Subject groups performed equally well on the search when it received instructional priority, but psychopaths made more search errors (p < .01) under divided-attention instructions. Psychopaths also responded more slowly than nonpsychopaths to auditory probes (p < .05) across conditions. The results suggest that psychopaths may incur relatively large capacity costs in attempting to shift their attentional resources between processing tasks. Psychopaths' proclivity for acting on what appear to be mere whims or half-hearted desires (e.g., Cleckley, 1982) has prompted speculation that their impulsiveness reflects an ab- sence of cognitive controls to modulate the expression of such inclinations. For instance, Shapiro attributed to psychopaths a cognitive style in which attention is easily "dominated by what is of immediate, concrete, personal relevance" (Shapiro, 1965, p. 167). As a result, hc argued, psychopaths do not integrate their short-range goals with information about the needs of oth- ers or the likely long-term consequences of their actions. Empirical evidence also appears consistent with an atten- tional explanation of psychopathic behavior. Newman (1980) and Newman, Widom, and Nathan (1985) varied the relative competition between the reward and punishment contingencies of a go/no go discrimination task and found that psychopathic delinquents were differentially poor at learning passive avoid- ance when reward and punishment contingencies conflicted. They proposed that psychopaths' responsiveness to one set of salient contingencies interferes with attending to competing contingencies. Jutai and Hare (1983) reported smaller Nl00 This study was conducted toward partial fulfillment of the require- ments for the Master of Science Degree at the University of
Immunological memory in B‐cell‐deficient mice conveys long‐lasting protection against genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis by rapid recruitment of T cells

The role of antibodies and antigen deposition for the development of immunological memory has been incompletely investigated. We addressed whether long‐term protection and T‐cell memory can be stimulated against a genital tract infection with human Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D in B‐cell‐deficient (µMT) mice. At 6 months following a primary infection with C. trachomatis, both µMT and wild‐type (WT) mice exhibited strong and comparable protection against reinfection. Evidence of long‐lasting CD4+ T‐cell memory was found in both µMT and WT mice, typified by comparable delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions against chlamydial antigens. No bacterial or chlamydial DNA was found in the genital tract of µMT memory mice, suggesting that immunological memory was maintained in the absence of antigen. Whereas few T cells were present in the genital tract of memory mice, rapid recruitment of CD4+, and some CD8+, T cells into the genital tract tissue was observed after challenge with live bacteria. Accumulation of T cells in the genital tract was preceded by a short transient infection of similar magnitude in both µMT and WT memory mice, arguing against a long‐term protective role of local antibodies. The rapid recruitment of CD4+ T cells into the genital tract was associated with a transient detection of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) mRNA in the genital tract in chlamydia‐immune memory mice, which was not found in naïve, challenged mice. Thus, long‐term protection in the genital tract against C. trachomatis infection is conveyed by IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ memory T cells, which appear to be maintained in the absence of antibodies and local antigen deposition.
Diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers created by scanning focused helium ion beam and annealing

We demonstrate a method to create nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond using focused helium ion microscopy. Near-surface NV centers can be created with spatial resolution below 0.6 μm. We studied the density, creation efficiency, and spectral linewidths at optical and microwave frequencies for NV centers produced using various helium ion implantation doses. The optical linewidths are narrower than those of similar nitrogen-vacancy centers produced using nitrogen ion implantation.
Prospective and retrospective memory in mild Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE To study prospective and retrospective memory in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD Twenty mild AD and 20 matched normal control subjects were included. Diagnosis of AD was based on DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, using CDR 1 and MMSE scores from 16 to 24 for mild AD. All subjects underwent retrospective (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT) and prospective memory tests (the appointment and belonging subtests of the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test, RBMT; and two tests made to this study: the clock and the animals test), as well as MMSE, neuropsychological counterproofs, and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. The data was analyzed with Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS AD patients performed worse than controls in prospective and retrospective memory tests, with poorer performance in retrospective memory. There was no correlation between prospective memory and attention, visual perception, executive function, or depression scores. CONCLUSION Prospective and, in higher degree, retrospective memory are primarily and independently impaired in mild AD.
Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Earth and Moon

A technique for restoring operation to a plurality of cells within a wireless communication system includes the step of estimating the traffic within each cell to provide a plurality of traffic measurements. These traffic measurements are stored. In the event of a disruption in service provided by the communication system, the measurements are retrieved. The system then restores operation to cells within the wireless communication system in an order based on the retrieved traffic measurements, e.g., such that the cell which had the heaviest traffic at the time of system disturbance is restored before other cells. This maximizes the revenue produced by the system and minimizes customer dissatisfaction.
Interspecific differences in host (Diptera: Muscidae) size and species usage among parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in a poultry house

Fly pupae, primarily house fly, Musca domestica L. , and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were collected from a poultry house in northern Indiana, and parasitoid wasps developing in them were allowed to emerge. Fly pupae density, relative species abundance, and size varied with collection date. Four species of parasitoid wasps were reared from the fly pupae: Spalangia endius Walker, S. cameroni Perkins, S. nigroaenea Curtis, and Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). There was some evidence of differential host species and size usage among the wasp species; but the differences were small, and there was considerable overlap. Percentage of parasitism was independent of host species for S. endius and S. cameroni , but M. raptor emerged from house fly pupae more frequently than expected by chance and from stable fly pupae less frequently than expected. S. endius emerged from larger hosts than did S. cameroni , despite S. endius being on average smaller than S. cameroni . This is the first study to examine differences of host size among these parasitoid wasps.
Expression Mechanisms Underlying NMDA Receptor‐Dependent Long‐Term Potentiation

ABSTRACT: Long‐term potentiation (LTP) is currently the best available cellular model for learning and memory in the mammalian brain. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus, as well as in many other areas of the CNS, its induction requires a rise in postsynaptic Ca2+ via activation of NMDA receptors. What happens after the rise in postsynaptic Ca2+ is less clear. This paper summarizes experiments performed over the last decade in slice preparations that address the site of expression of LTP. While a large number of laboratories have contributed importantly to this issue, this review will rely primarily on experiments performed in the authors' laboratory. The experiments to be discussed can be broadly divided into two groups: those designed to determine if an increase in glutamate release occurs during LTP and those designed to determine if a change in postsynaptic sensitivity to glutamate occurs during LTP. Experiments in the first category include the analysis of dual‐component excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), paired‐pulse facilitation, saturating release probability, the use of MK‐801 to measure release probability, and glial glutamate transporter currents to measure directly the synaptic release of glutamate. Experiments in the second category include analysis of miniature EPSC amplitudes, measurements of synaptic potency, the consequences of loading cells with the constitutively activated form of CaM kinase II, and the evidence that during LTP postsynaptically silent synapses become functional. We will argue that, while numerous experiments fail to support a presynaptic expression mechanism, many experiments do point to a postsynaptic expression mechanism. The decrease in synaptic failures during LTP, the only generally accepted experimental result that supports a presynaptic expression mechanism, can be explained by postsynaptically silent synapses. Future directions for research in this field include activity‐dependent targeting of glutamate receptors and the functional consequences of phosphorylation of AMPA receptors.
Respiratory muscle weakness in peripheral neuropathies

Common peripheral neuropathies do not usually cause diaphragmatic weakness and subsequent respiratory compromise. However, respiratory involvement is relatively common in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). Experience in GBS has led to a standardized approach to manage respiratory problems in peripheral neuropathies. Diaphragmatic weakness is not common in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and extremely rare in multifocal motor neuropathy. The linkage has been described between certain subtypes of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease such as CMT2C and CMT4B1 and diaphragmatic weakness. A correlation usually has not been found between electrophysiologic findings and clinical respiratory signs or spirometric abnormalities in peripheral neuropathies except in amplitudes of evoked phrenic nerve responses. Careful and frequent assessment of respiratory function by a qualified team of healthcare professionals and physicians is essential. Criteria established for mechanical ventilation in GBS cases may be applied to other peripheral neuropathies with respiratory compromise as necessary.
A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world

Many people have contributed material or suggestions which were used in preparation of this report. Among these contributors are Prof. A. Others, whose work has been of great importance, are listed in the bibliography. Mr. Charles S. Papp expertly prepared the Maps. The report is the fourth progresa report in a continuing effort to devise a satisfactory classification of the world's biotic areas for purposes of conservation. The following paper represente a marked departure from the first three. In terminology, Biogeographical Réalm is used in place of the Biogeo~ graphical Regions and Subregions of the early papers; Biogeographic Province replaces Biotic Province. The reasons for these changes are presented by Professor Udvardy in the report and appear sufficient to warrant this revision. Further changes of a major nature occur in the division of the.world's terrestrial and freshwater lake biota into 8 realms in place of the earlier 7 biogeographical regions. Oceanía is given realm status, the Antarctic is extended to include New Zealand, the Australian contracted to Australia-Tasmania and coastal islands, the Palaearctic and Nearctic are extended southward. New names, Africo-tropical and Indomalayan, replace Ethiopian and Oriental. A major revision of the earlier biotic provinces of the Neotropics and Palaearctic is presented along with more minor changes in the other realms. · All of these changes appear, in this writer's view, to improve the system and increase its accuracy. It must be emphasized,. however, that Professor Udvardy does not pretend to have presented any final answer to the problem of biogeographical classification. The procesa must continue and can best be advanced by those with detailed knowledge of local floras and faunas. Their assistance in this continuing study will be most welcome. (1) The Nearctic Realm.
Monoclonal Antibody Treatment of Orbital Lymphoma

Purpose To describe the use of an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, Rituximab, in the treatment of orbital lymphoma. Methods Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series of 8 patients treated with rituximab. Management, side effects, and outcome were recorded. Results Five patients had initial complete response, 2 had partial response, and 1 had no response to this treatment. One patient had breathlessness, bronchospasm, and hypotension but was able to complete treatment. Mean follow-up was 16.5 months (range, 6 to 32 months). Conclusions Rituximab is a safe and effective treatment in some cases of orbital lymphoma and may be used as an alternative to, or in conjunction with, other therapeutic modalities.
The toxicity of antidepressant poisoning: is it changing? A comparative study of cyclic and newer serotonin-specific antidepressants.

AIM To compare the clinical features of cyclic antidepressant and newer, non-cyclic, serotonin-specific antidepressant poisoning. METHODS Comparitive, descriptive study of all antidepressant overdose patients admitted to a hospital toxicology service from February 1997 to April 2001. Patient data were entered prospectively into a dedicated toxicology database for subsequent analysis. RESULTS There were 256 admissions for antidepressant poisoning (17.5% of all poisoning admissions). Cyclic antidepressant poisoning comprised 43% of antidepressant admissions. Statistically significant differences between the two groups included: cyclic antidepressant group had longer median length of stay (23.1 vs 15.9 h, P = 0.0008), greater need for endotracheal intubation (31%vs 4%, OR = 11.5, P < 0.0001) and higher incidence of seizures (7.2%vs 0.7%, OR = 10.4, P = 0.01), faster median pulse rate, longer QRS-interval on admission, and longer intensive care unit stays. However, non-cyclic, serotonin-specific antidepressant poisonings involved larger doses of antidepressants and were more likely to ingest other medications along with these. Serotonin syndrome was only seen in non-cyclic, serotonin-specific poisoning (10.3%, OR = 26.6, P = 0.0002). Patients with serotonin syndrome had a longer median hospital stay (46 vs 16 h, P < 0.0002) compared to other non-cyclic, serotonin-specific patients. There were no deaths during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Cyclic antidepressants still comprise a significant proportion of antidepressant poisoning and result in more significant morbidity than non-cyclic, serotonin-specific poisoning. Clinicians should also be aware that non-cyclic, serotonin-specific poisoning may result in the development of serotonin syndrome. This was the most significant toxic effect noted following non-cyclic, serotonin-specific poisoning in this study.
Speech intelligibility as a function of the number of channels of stimulation for normal-hearing listeners and patients with cochlear implants.

OBJECTIVE One goal was to determine for normal-hearing listeners the number of channels of stimulation necessary to achieve a high level of speech understanding. The second goal was to determine whether patients with a six-channel cochlear implant could achieve the same level of speech understanding as normal-hearing subjects listening to speech processed through six channels. METHODS Speech signals were processed, for normal-hearing listeners, either in the manner of cochlear-implant processors with 2-9 fixed channels, or in the manner of a processor which picked, on each update cycle, 6 of 16 channels. RESULTS For the most difficult test material eight fixed channels were necessary to achieve the level of performance achieved with the "n of m" processor. Some cochlear implant patients with a six-channel continuous interleaved sampling processor achieved the same level of performance as normal-hearing subjects listening to speech via six channels. CONCLUSIONS A signal processor for cochlear implants with eight channels should produce the same level of intelligibility as a processor with many more channels. Processors using continuous interleaved sampling technology can provide a signal which results in the same level of speech understanding as normal, acoustic stimulation.