Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frege's theorem in a constructive setting

By Frege's Theorem is meant the result, implicit in Frege's Grundlagen, that, for any set E, if there exists a map υ from the power set of E to E satisfying the condition then E has a subset which is the domain of a model of Peano's axioms for the natural numbers. (This result is proved explicitly, using classical reasoning, in Section 3 of [1].) My purpose in this note is to strengthen this result in two directions: first, the premise will be weakened so as to require only that the map υ be defined on the family of (Kuratowski) finite subsets of the set E, and secondly, the argument will be constructive, i.e., will involve no use of the law of excluded middle. To be precise, we will prove, in constructive (or intuitionistic) set theory, the following Theorem. Let υ be a map with domain a family of subsets of a set E to E satisfying the following conditions: (i) ø ϵdom(υ) (ii)∀U ϵdom(υ)∀x ϵ E − U U ∪ x ϵdom(υ) (iii)∀UV ϵdom(5) υ(U) = υ(V) ⇔ U ≈ V. Then we can define a subset N of E which is the domain of a model of Peano's axioms.
Social Location, Social Integration, and the Co-occurrence of Substance Abuse and Psychological Distress

Background: In the United States, social stratification has generally led individuals occupying lower social locations to have more health problems than other individuals, even acknowledging that social groups are distinguished by their particular manifestations of health problems. Objectives: This study examined whether two social integration factors, marriage and religiosity, mediate the relationship between social location and co-occurrence of substance abuse and psychological distress and the nature of this relationship. Methods: Multinomial logistic regression was conducted on data from a national sample of 34,650 adults mostly between the ages of 18 to 35, collected through the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Results: White males who were lesser educated and living in poverty were more likely to exhibit co-occuring substance abuse and psychological distress than their demographically similar counterparts. Additionally, being married and religious appeared to be protective factors within the overall study cohort with fewer co-occurring behaviors reported. Conclusion: The data generally confirm the hypothesis concerning mediating roles for religiosity and marriage. Scientific Significance: Confirmation that marriage and religiosity can protect adults against co-occurring substance abuse and psychological distress potentially provides the information necessary to better target health policy and interventions that serve to further enhance the population’s mental health.
Estimated longevity and changes in spirituality in the context of advanced congestive heart failure

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine (1) advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) patients' estimates of their longevity and changes in these estimates over time; (2) clinical, functional, and psychological adjustment correlates of these longevity estimates; and (3) correspondence of changes in longevity and changes in multiple dimensions of spirituality over time. Methods: Longitudinal questionnaire-based study of 111 patients diagnosed with severe CHF assessed at two time points separated by 6 months. Results: Nearly half of the participants estimated their longevity as at least 5–10 years, and there was very little change in estimates across the assessment periods. Longevity estimates were minimally related to clinical or functional indicators, but longer estimates were related to fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of life satisfaction. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that shifting longevity estimates toward less time or toward uncertainty was related to increases in religious life meaning and forgiveness and to decreased spiritual struggle over the 6-month interval. No effects were observed for daily spiritual experiences. Significance of results: Because very little is known about how individuals estimate their remaining life span, these results establish information regarding their basis (i.e., not clinical or functional) and stability, at least in the context of advanced heart failure. In addition, the notion that individuals become more spiritual as they perceive the approach of death was borne out in terms of multiple aspects of spirituality.
The effects of low calcium on the voltage‐dependent conductances involved in tuning of turtle hair cells.

1. The voltage‐dependent conductances of turtle cochlear hair cells of known resonant frequency were characterized by tight‐seal, whole‐cell recording during superfusion with solutions containing normal (2.8 mM) and reduced (0.1‐10 microM) Ca2+. 2. In 1 microM Ca2+, the current flowing through the voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels was increased roughly fivefold and had a reversal potential near 0 mV. This observation may be explained by the Ca2+ channels becoming non‐selectively permeable to monovalent cations in low‐Ca2+ solutions. Lowering the Ca2+ further to 0.1 microM produced little increase in the current. 3. The size of the non‐selective current increased systematically with the resonant frequency of the hair cell over the range from 10 to 320 Hz. This suggests that hair cells tuned to higher frequencies contain more voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels. 4. There was a good correlation between the amplitudes of the non‐selective current and the K+ current which underlies electrical tuning of these hair cells. The amplitude of the K+ current also increased systematically with resonant frequency. 5. In cells with resonant frequencies between 120 and 320 Hz, the K+ current was completely abolished in 1 microM Ca2+, consistent with prior evidence that this current flows through Ca2+ activated K+ channels. In a majority of cells tuned between 50 and 120 Hz, the K+ current was incompletely blocked in 1 microM Ca2+, but was eliminated in 0.1 microM Ca2+. In all hair cells the K+ current was abolished by 25 mM tetraethylammonium chloride. 6. In cells tuned to 10‐20 Hz, the K+ current was not substantially diminished even in 0.1 microM Ca2+, which argues that it may not be Ca2+ activated. 7. In cells tuned to frequencies above 100 Hz, the K+ current could still be evoked by depolarization during superfusion with 10 microM Ca2+. However, its half‐activation voltage was shifted to more depolarized levels and its maximum amplitude was systematically reduced with increasing resonant frequency. 8. These observations are consistent with the notion that in cells tuned to more than 50 Hz, there is a fixed ratio of the number of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels to Ca(2+)‐activated K+ channels, the numbers of each increasing in proportion to resonant frequency. The results also provide indirect evidence that the Ca(2+)‐activated K+ channels in cells tuned to higher frequencies may be less sensitive to intracellular Ca2+.
Inference of bioequivalence for log‐normal distributed data with unspecified variances

Two drugs are bioequivalent if the ratio of a pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter of two products falls within equivalence margins. The distribution of PK parameters is often assumed to be log‐normal, therefore bioequivalence (BE) is usually assessed on the difference of logarithmically transformed PK parameters (δ). In the presence of unspecified variances, test procedures such as two one‐sided tests (TOST) use sample estimates for those variances; Bayesian models integrate them out in the posterior distribution. These methods limit our knowledge on the extent that inference about BE is affected by the variability of PK parameters. In this paper, we propose a likelihood approach that retains the unspecified variances in the model and partitions the entire likelihood function into two components: F‐statistic function for variances and t‐statistic function for δ. Demonstrated with published real‐life data, the proposed method not only produces results that are same as TOST and comparable with Bayesian method but also helps identify ranges of variances, which could make the determination of BE more achievable. Our findings manifest the advantages of the proposed method in making inference about the extent that BE is affected by the unspecified variances, which cannot be accomplished either by TOST or Bayesian method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Effect of a recombinant lentiviral vector carrying hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 gene on migration and invasion abilities of SW620 cells].

OBJECTIVE To construct a recombinant lentiviral vector that stably express hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6) in colorectal cancer cell line and examine its effects on the invasive ability of SW620 cells. METHODS The lentiviral vector pLeno-DCE-HA-HNF6 was constructed and transfected into 293T cells. The supernatant containing the lentivirus particles was harvested to determine the virus titer. A stable cell line was established by infecting SW620 cells with the lentivirus particles, and the transfection efficiency was examined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The invasion ability of the transfected SW620-HNF6 cells was assessed by wound healing and transwell assays. RESULTS The recombinant lentiviral vector was correctly constructed and verified by sequencing. SW620-HNF6 cell line with stable HNF6 expression was established successfully, and the transfection efficiency reached 82.3%. Western blotting and quantitative PCR demonstrated significantly upregulated HNF6 expression in SW620-HNF6 cells, which showed obviously suppressed invasive ability in wound healing and transwell assays. CONCLUSION We have successfully established a colorectal cancer cell line SW620-HNF6 stably expressing HNF6, which shows a lowered migration activity in vitro.
SAH guided spatial split partitioning for fast BVH construction

We present a new SAH guided approach to subdividing triangles as the scene is coarsely partitioned into smaller sets of spatially coherent triangles. Our triangle split approach is integrated into the partitioning stage of a fast BVH construction algorithm, but may as well be used as a stand alone pre‐split pass. Our algorithm significantly reduces the number of split triangles compared to previous methods, while at the same time improving ray tracing performance compared to competing fast BVH construction techniques. We compare performance on Intel's Embree ray tracer and show that BVH construction with our splitting algorithm is always faster than Embree's pre‐split construction algorithm. We also show that our algorithm builds significantly improved quality trees that deliver higher ray tracing performance. Our algorithm is implemented into Embree's open source ray tracing framework, and the source code will be released late 2015.
Inter-association recommendations for developing a plan to recognize and refer student-athletes with psychological concerns at the collegiate level: an executive summary of a consensus statement.

*Syracuse University, NY; †Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; ‡University of Arizona, Tucson; §National CollegiateAthletic Association, Indianapolis, IN; jjCarolina Performance, Raleigh, NC; ¶Princeton University, NJ; #Scharf BanksMarmor, LLC, Chicago, IL; **Clinical & Sports Consulting Services, Providence, RI; ††The International CriticalIncident Stress Foundation, Inc, Ellicott City, MDPURPOSEThe full range of mental health concerns found in thegeneral student population can also be seen instudent-athletes attending a university or college.The National Athletic Trainers’ Association formed a workgroup for the purpose of establishing recommendations ondeveloping a plan for the recognition and referral ofcollegiate student-athletes with psychological concerns.INTRODUCTIONThe growing prevalence in the types, severity, andpercentage of mental illnesses in young adults ages 18 to 25years, the age group of college students and student-athletes, is being recognized.
Cardiovascular Risk and Neuroradiological Profiles in Asymptomatic Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia

Background: Clinicoradiological variability of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is known. Little is known about cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and neuroradiological profiles of asymptomatic VBD. Methods: A total of 7,345 adults (5,534 men and 1,811 women) underwent physical checkup (PC) and brain magnetic resonance (MR) studies between 2004 and 2007. Asymptomatic VBD was diagnosed by neurological examination and MR angiography. Neuroradiological features were analyzed in VBD subjects. CVD risk factors were compared between VBD subjects and 5,000 controls matched by sex and age. Results: Ninety-six subjects (85 men and 11 women) had asymptomatic VBD. The detection rate was 1.3% and the male/female ratio 2.5. The mean age ± SD was 60.4 ± 10.6 years (60.0 ± 10.2 in men and 64.0 ± 13.1 in women). As compared to controls, the frequency of hypertension, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and a family history of stroke or CVD was increased significantly in VBD subjects. The mean diameter ± SD of the basilar artery (BA) was 4.7 ± 0.2 mm. Only 4 subjects (4%) had a severe degree of elongation and lateral displacement of the BA. Contact of the vertebral artery with the rostral ventrolateral medulla (AMC) was found in 81 subjects: right AMC in 22 subjects and left AMC in 59 subjects. Frequency of hypertension was significantly higher in the left-AMC subjects (57%) than in subjects with right AMC (9%) and no AMC (5%). Other neuroradiological findings revealed small infarcts in 42 subjects, brainstem compression in 4, hydrocephalus in 4 and brain saccular aneurysm in 3. Conclusions: Asymptomatic VBD was detected in 1.3% of the Japanese PC group. Our data indicated male predominance, multiple CVD risk factors, neurovascular hypertension and small infarcts in asymptomatic VBD.
T-cell Epitopes Identified by BALB/c Mice Immunized with Vaccinia Expressing HIV-1 Gag lie within immunodominant Regions Recognized by HIV-infected Indian Patients

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens from transmitted strains of HIV would prove crucial in vaccine designing for prevention of HIV infection. Immune response generated by Vaccinia construct expressing the HIV-1 gag gene from transmitted Indian HIV-1 subtype C strain (Vgag) in BALB/c mice is reported in the present study along with the identification of epitopes responsible for induction of the immune response. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine immune response generated by the constructs in a mouse model and to understand the epitope specificities of the response. Settings and Design: This was an observational study carried out in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: The immunogenecity of Vgag construct was evaluated in BALB/c mice after multiple immunizations. T-cell response was monitored by the interferon-γ ELISPOT assay using HIV-1 C Gag overlapping peptides and anti-P24 antibodies were estimated by ELISA. Statistical Analysis Used: Graphpad prism software was used for statistical analysis and for plotting graphs. Results: IFN-γ-secreting T cells and antibodies were detected against HIV Gag in mice after immunization. Although after repeated immunizations, antibody-mediated immune response increased or remained sustained, the magnitude of IFN-γ-secreting T cell was found to be decreased over time. The Gag peptides recognized by mice were mainly confined to the P24 region and had a considerable overlap with earlier reported immunodominant regions recognized by HIV-infected Indian patients. Conclusion: Vaccinia construct with a gag gene from transmitted HIV-1 virus was found to be immunogenic. The Gag regions identified by mice could have important implications in terms of future HIV vaccine designing.
The Search for Biochemical Markers

Scientists are searching for biochemical markers for alcoholism that would allow researchers to distinguish easily and reliably between alcoholics and nonalcoholics or between people at risk for alcoholism and those not at risk. Two proposed markers that have been studied intensively are the activity levels of the enzymes platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and platelet adenylyl cyclase (AC). Levels of MAO activity, which are genetically determined, often are significantly lower in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. Recent studies indicate that low MAO activity levels may be a marker for a subtype of alcoholism that is characterized by an earlier age at onset. AC activity levels also are genetically determined and frequently reduced in alcoholics, compared with nonalcoholics, even after alcoholics experience long periods of abstinence. Thus, AC activity levels also may be a marker for alcoholism, although research findings indicate that low AC activity may be characteristic of a different alcoholism subtype than low MAO activity. Further studies will analyze in more detail the significance of MAO and AC activity levels as markers for alcoholism and investigate their potential role in the diagnosis, disease process, and treatment of alcoholism.
Low-molecular-weight heparin offers no benefit to patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage in future pregnancy

Commentary on: Schleussner E, Kamin G, Seliger G, et al., ETHIG II group. Low-molecular-weight heparin for women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: a multicenter trial with a minimislation randomisation scheme. Ann Intern Med 2015;162:601–9[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]. Recurrent miscarriage (RM) has been shown to affect between 1% and–3% of couples trying to conceive and up to 5% of those with two consecutive miscarriages are included. While there are many known risk factors for RM no underlying cause is found in nearly 50% of couples.1 The treatment of RM is usually aimed at the cause, which leaves us with very little to offer those with RM of unknown aetiology, and to date most of the treatment offered is … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DAnn%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D162%26rft.spage%253D601%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252FM14-2062%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25938990%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.7326/M14-2062&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=25938990&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F6%2F199.atom
Rejected by Family for Being Gay or Lesbian: Portrayals, Perceptions, and Resilience

ABSTRACT A myriad of negative psychosocial outcomes face gay men and lesbians who experience rejection by their family for not being heterosexual. However, what constitutes rejection is not clear, and, more importantly, it is not known how resilience is fostered within such a context. This qualitative study sought to examine these issues by exploring the lived experiences of Australian gay men and lesbians who were previously or were currently experiencing family rejection because of their sexuality. A total of 21 in-depth, semistructured interviews were individually conducted and analyzed. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed several themes that provided greater understanding of the portrayals and perceptions of family rejection; the impact of family rejection on mental health; and, importantly, how these individuals came to establish resilience in the face of experiencing family rejection. Limitations, directions for future research, and clinical implications of the findings are also discussed.
Maternal meat and fat consumption during pregnancy and suspected atopic eczema in Japanese infants aged 3–4 months: The Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study

Saito K, Yokoyama T, Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Tanaka K, Ohya Y, Hirota Y. Maternal meat and fat consumption during pregnancy and suspected atopic eczema in Japanese infants aged 3–4 months: The Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 38–46. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Does self-control account for the relationship between binge drinking and alcohol-related behaviours?

INTRODUCTION Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory that there is an underlying factor accounting for all sorts of antisocial behaviour has attracted widespread theoretical and empirical attention. One of their most controversial statements is a 'generality' hypothesis, a notion that criminal, deviant and reckless acts are highly correlated because they are caused by individual differences in self-control. In this paper, we examine the extent to which self-control accounts for the relationship between two behaviours: binge drinking and involvement in alcohol-related behaviours, including criminal behaviour. METHOD Questionnaires were given to students at a southern US university. A final sample of 241 students (35% males, 91% whites, aged 17-40). One question concerned binge-drinking, 11 others related to other alcohol-related behaviour; a 24-item scale measured self-control and sex was recorded. A probit model was used to test the effect of low self-control on binge drinking and on other alcohol-related behaviours. It was found that self-control exhibits a positive effect on both. But binge drinking and other alcohol-related behaviours are correlated, so a further analysis using a bivariate probit model was undertaken using a naïve model (no covariates), an unconstrained model (allowing self-control to exert a unique effect on both outcomes), and a constrained model forcing self-control to be the same for both outcomes. RESULTS Our results suggest that while low self-control is a significant predictor of both binge drinking and alcohol-related problems, it does not fully account for the relationship between the two outcomes. In addition, separate estimation for each sex reveal a substantively different pattern of results. DISCUSSION Further research is needed to disentangle the differences between the sexes. Situational factors, especially in males, may account for adverse alcohol-related behaviours. Other measures of self-control are also needed.
Lesbians' Disclosure of Sexual Orientation and Satisfaction With Care

The overarching aim of this study was to explore demographic variables and their association with a woman's disclosure of sexual orientation to a health care provider (HCP). This descriptive correlation study used a convenience sample of 96 women recruited at gay and lesbian community events held in Delaware. A self-report survey of 35 questions was used to obtain the data. None of the women identified themselves as exclusively heterosexual. The results indicate that a woman's self-identified sexual orientation is significant in predicting whether she has shared her orientation with her HCP. The more a woman's self-reported orientation moves toward the heterosexual end of the preference scale, the less likely she is to share her orientation with her HCP. Culturally competent care and a nondiscriminatory atmosphere will provide this population with the trust needed to enable open rapport with their HCPs.
Fatty Acid Composition Of Growing Kiko X Spanish Crossbred Intact Male Goats Fed Varying Levels Of Peanut Skins

The objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding peanut skins (PS) on fatty acid profile of goat meat. The diets used contained 0, 10, 20, and 30% of PS. After 92 days, longissimus muscle (LM), mesenteric adipose (MA), and subcutaneous (SA) tissue samples were analyzed for fatty acid profile. Eighteen (18), 21, and 21 fatty acids were detected in LM, MS and SC adipose tissues, respectively. No changes were detected in the fatty acid profile, but C18:0 increased linearly in LM (p 0.05) among treatments. The results showed that the fatty acid composition of goat carcass can be altered with the dietary addition of PS.