Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tree Classification Software

This paper introduces the IND Tree Package to prospective users. IND does supervised learning using classification trees. This learning task is a basic tool used in the development of diagnosis, monitoring and expert systems. The IND Tree Package was developed as part of a NASA project to semi-automate the development of data analysis and modelling algorithms using artificial intelligence techniques. The IND Tree Package integrates features from CART and C4 with newer Bayesian and minimum encoding methods for growing classification trees and graphs. The IND Tree Package also provides an experimental control suite on top. The newer features give improved probability estimates often required in diagnostic and screening tasks. The package comes with a manual, Unix 'man' entries, and a guide to tree methods and research. The IND Tree Package is implemented in C under Unix and was beta-tested at university and commercial research laboratories in the United States.
Techniques of Model-Based Control

Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. 2. Continuous-Time Models. 3. One-Degree of Freedom Internal Model Control. 4. Two-Degree of Freedom Internal Model Control. 5. Model State Feedback Implementations of IMC. 6. PI and PID Parameters From IMC Designs. 7. Tuning and Synthesis of 1DF IMC for Uncertain Processes. 8 Tuning and Synthesis of 2DF IMC for Uncertain Processes. 9. Feedforward Control. 10. Cascade Control. 11. Output Constraint Control (Override Control). 12. Single Variable Inferential Control (IC). 13. Inferential Estimation Using Multiple Measurements. 14. Discrete-Time Models. 15. Identification: Basic Concepts. 16. Identification: Advanced Concepts. 17. Basic Model-Predictive Control. 18. Advanced Model-Predictive Control. 19. Inferential Model-Predictive Control. Appendix A. Review of Basic Concepts. Appendix B. Review of Frequency Response Analysis. Appendix C: Review of Linear Least-Squares Regression. Appendix D: Review of Random Variables and Random Processes. Appendix E: MATLAB and Control Toolbox Tutorial. Appendix F: SIMULINK Tutorial. Appendix G: Tutorial on IMCTUNE Software. Appendix H: Identification Software. Appendix I: SIMULINK Models for Projects. Index.
Subthreshold Op Amp Design Based on the Conventional Cascode Stage

Subthreshold Op Amp Design Based on the Conventional Cascode Stage Kurtis Cahill Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Master of Science Op amps are among the most-used components in electronic design. Their performance is important and is often measured in terms of gain, bandwidth, power consumption, and chip area. Although BJT amplifiers can achieve high gains and bandwidths, they tend to consume a lot of power. CMOS amplifiers utilizing the strong inversion region alone use less power than BJT amplifiers, but generally have lower gains and bandwidths. When CMOS SPICE models were improved to accurately simulate all regions of inversion, researchers began to test the performance of amplifiers operating in the weak and moderate inversion regions. Previous work had dealt with exploring the parameters of composite cascode stages, including inversion coefficients. This thesis extends the work to include conventional cascode stages and presents an efficient method for exploring design parameters. A high-gain (137.7 dB), low power (4.347μW) operational amplifier based on the conventional cascode stage is presented.
Underproduction Does Not Necessarily Mean Avoidance: Investigation of Underproduction Using Chinese ESL Learners.

A discussion of second language learning and second language underproduction proposes a differentiation between conscious avoidance and subconscious underproduction Reference is made to J. Schacter's avoidance theory, which was based on a study in which Chinese and Japanese students of English as a Second Language (ESL) produced fewer Relative Clauses (RCs) in English than learners having other native languages. Comparison of Chinese and English RCs reveals that they differ in both form and other aspects, including pragmatic functions. In a survey, 15 of 16 Chinese ESL learners denied having consciously tried to avoid English RCs. Two tests involving another group of Chinese ESL learners showed no evidence that they consciously avoided English RCs. It is concluded that it is not the apparent formal difference in languages at the source of the phenomenon (i.e., avoidance), but more subtle pragmatic differences that create subconscious underproduction of the construction. Implications for second language teaching are considered. Contains 18 references. (Author/MSE) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** UNDERPRODUCTION DOES NOT NECESSARILY MEAN AVOIDANCE: INVESTIGATION OF UNDERPRODUCTION USING CHINESE ESL LEARNERS
Visualization of state transition graphs

State transition graphs are important in computer science and engineering where they are used to analyze the behavior of computer-based systems. In such a graph nodes represent states a system can be in. Links, or directed edges, represent transitions between states. Research in visualization investigates the application of interactive computer graphics to understand large and complex data sets. Large state transition graphs fall into this category. They often contain tens of thousands of nodes, or more, and tens to hundreds of thousands of edges. Also, they describe system behavior at a low abstraction level. This hinders analysis and insight. This dissertation presents a number of techniques for the interactive visualization of state transition graphs. Much of the work takes advantage of multivariate data associated with nodes and edges. Using an experimental approach, several new methods were developed in close collaboration with a number of users. The following approaches were pursued: • Selection and projection. This technique provides the user with visual support to select a subset of node attributes. Consequently, the state transition graph is projected to 2D and visualized in a second, correlated visualization. • Attribute-based clustering. By specifying subsets of node attributes and clustering based on these, the user generates simplified abstractions of a state transition graph. Clustering generates hierarchical, relational, and metric data, which are represented in a single visualization. • User-defined diagrams. With this technique the user investigates state transition graphs with custom diagrams. Diagrams are parameterized by linking their graphical properties to the data. Diagrams are integrated in a number of correlated visualizations. • Multiple views on traces. System traces are linear paths in state transition graphs. This technique provides the user with different perspectives on traces. • Querying nodes and edges. Direct manipulation enables the user to interactively inspect and query state transition graphs. In this way relations and patterns can be investigated based on data associated with nodes and edges. This dissertation shows that interactive visualization can play a role during the analysis of state transition graphs. The ability to interrogate visual representations of such graphs allows users to enhance their knowledge of the modeled systems. It is shown how the above techniques enable users to answer questions about their data. A number of case studies, developed in collaboration with system analysts, are presented. Finally, solutions to challenges encountered during the development of the visualization techniques are discussed. Insights generic to the field of visualization are considered and directions for future work are recommended.
The ReQuest Procedure.

The ReQuest Procedure was tested by evaluating the gains made by remedial students in one-to-one remediation. Students ranged in age from 7 to 26 years old. The effectiveness of ReQuest, with remedial students under clinical conditions, had led to an interest in its parallel potentialities in classroom settings. These more informal investigations are still continuing; teachers are being encouraged to try ReQuest first with individual students and then with larger groups.
Recursive Estimation and Time-Series Analysis: An Introduction

This is a revised version of the 1984 book of the same name but considerably modified and enlarged to accommodate the developments in recursive estimation and time series analysis that have occurred over the last quarter century. Also over this time, the CAPTAIN Toolbox for recursive estimation and time series analysis has been developed at Lancaster, for use in the MatlabTM software environment (see Appendix G). Consequently, the present version of the book is able to exploit the many computational routines that are contained in this widely available Toolbox, as well as some of the other routines in MatlabTM and its other toolboxes.The book is an introductory one on the topic of recursive estimation and it demonstrates how this approach to estimation, in its various forms, can be an impressive aid to the modelling of stochastic, dynamic systems. It is intended for undergraduate or Masters students who wish to obtain a grounding in this subject; or for practitioners in industry who may have heard of topics dealt with in this book and, while they want to know more about them, may have been deterred by the rather esoteric nature of some books in this challenging area of study.
Wireless Mesh Networking : Architectures, Protocols and Standards

ARCHITECTURES Wireless Mesh Networks: Issues and Solutions MultiRadio MultiChannel Mesh Networks IEEE 802.11-Based Wireless Mesh Networks PROTOCOLS Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks Medium Access Control in Wireless Mesh Networks Security in Wireless Mesh Networks Scalability in Wireless Mesh Networks Load Balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks Cross-Layer Optimization for Scheduling in Wireless Mesh Networks Multimedia Communications over Wireless Mesh Networks Multiple Antenna Techniques for Wireless Mesh Networks STANDARDIZATION AND ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Standardization of Wireless LAN Mesh Networks in IEEE 802.11s IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Mesh Networking Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Management Wireless Mesh Networks Case Study: Fire Emergency Management and Market Analysis Wireless Mesh Networks for Public Safety and Disaster Recovery Applications INDEX
A MICROGENETIC APPROACH TO EXAMINING SET FOR VARIABILITY: AN EXPLORATION OF EARLY READING DEVELOPMENT

Learning sight words is a process that involves forming connections between letters and their sounds in order to connect spellings of words with their pronunciations as well as their meanings. During the development of sight word reading, children will sound out (phonologically recode) words that they do not yet know by sight (Share, 1995). Because English lacks transparency, sounding out according to grapheme-phoneme correspondences often only results in an approximation to the target word. The process by which a child must match a word they have recoded phonologically with a word that exists in their vocabulary has been referred to as set for variability. Recently, two studies have examined the role that set for variability plays in the development of children’s reading abilities. Tunmer and Chapman (2012) found using a novel task involving recognizing words from slightly mispronounced words that phonemic awareness and vocabulary made independent contributions to the variance in performance on their task. Using a similar task, Elbro, de Jong, Houter, and Nielsen (2012) found set for variability performance to make a contribution to word recognition skills for both regular and irregular words despite using a more regular orthography (Dutch). Together, the findings suggest that set for variability is a universal process involved in learning to read. The current study seeks to gain a better understanding of the role that set for variability plays in the development of sight word reading. By combining quantitative data from traditional measures of reading skills with qualitative data from recording weekly reading sessions we expect to be able to better understand the way in which a child’s set for variability develops and the role it plays in the development of reading words by sight. We compare emergent readers in different phases of their sight word reading development in their ability to identify the target words in a mispronunciation task. Participants’ abilities in a number of reading measures are SET FOR VARIABILIY iii also analyzed in relation to the errors made on weekly reading sessions that were audio recorded and later phonetically transcribed in order to identify how set for variability skills develop in relation to some of the better-understood aspects of reading development. Implications for future set for variability research and educational impacts are discussed. SET FOR VARIABILIY iv
Language assessment in practice : developing language assessments and justifying their use in the real world

Presents an innovative, unified, and easily applied approach to designing and developing language assessments. Language Assessment in Practice is a follow-up to the bestselling Language Testing in Practice. It allows readers to become competent in the design, development, and use of language assessments. The authors discuss concepts and procedures clearly, illustrated with examples.
The Grammar of Possession: Inalienability, incorporation and possessor ascension in Guaraní

The Grammar of Possession: Inalienability, incorporation and possessor ascension in Guarani , is an exhaustive study of linguistic structures in Paraguayan Guarani which are directly or indirectly associated with the semantic domain of inalienability. Constructions analyzed in the book include adnominal and predicative possessive constructions, noun incorporation, and possessor ascension. Examples are drawn from a rich data base that incorporate native speaker intuitions and resources in the construction of illustrative linguistic forms as well as the analysis of the communicative use of the forms under study. The book provides a complete picture of inalienability as a coherent integrated system of grammatical and semantic oppositions in a language that has received little attention in the theoretical linguistic literature. The analysis moves from general principles to specific details of the language while applying principles of Cognitive Grammar and Functional Linguistics. There is an explicit aim to uncover the particularities of form-meaning connections, as well as the communicative and discourse functions of the structures examined. Other approaches are also considered when appropriate, resulting in a theoretically informed study that contains a rich variety of considerations.
The language of turn and sequence

This collection of previously unpublished, cutting-edge research discusses the conversation analysis (CA) approach to understanding language use. CA is the dominant theory for analyzing the social use of language and is concerned with the description of how speakers engage in conversation and other forms of social interaction involving language. Its proponents are not only linguists but sociologists and anthropologists as well. The unifying theme of these chapters is the intersection of practice and form through the construction of turns and sequences.
Homework Completion: Perceptions and Comparisons of 6th-12th Grade Students Using Traditional and Digital Submission

As technology becomes more prevalent throughout society, schools must adapt to effectively utilize technology in support of classroom instruction and assessment. This study focused on a comparison of three forms of technology that may be used in public middle and high schools for digital submission of student work. Student usage of Moodle, Gaggle, and Google Drive at one middle school and one high school in central Illinois was monitored. Researchers sought to answer how the rate of homework completion was affected by use of digital versus traditional submission of assignments as well as gain insight to teacher and student perceptions of the technology. In the course of this study, researchers identified a significant decrease in student return rates of homework when digital submission was utilized instead of traditional submission. This decrease was observed across all grade levels. Teacher and student perceptions of the technology were mixed, indicating a divide in both use and preference for or against digital submission.
Accelerating Pattern Recognition Algorithms On Parallel Computing Architectures

The move to more parallel computing architectures places more responsibility on the programmer to achieve greater performance. The programmer must now have a greater understanding of the underlying architecture and the inherent algorithmic parallelism. Using parallel computing architectures for exploiting algorithmic parallelism can be a complex task. This dissertation demonstrates various techniques for using parallel computing architectures to exploit algorithmic parallelism. Specifically, three pattern recognition (PR) approaches are examined for acceleration across multiple parallel computing architectures, namely field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and general purpose graphical processing units (GPGPUs). Phase-only filter correlation for fingerprint identification was studied as the first PR approach. This approach’s sensitivity to angular rotations, scaling, and missing data was surveyed. Additionally, a novel FPGA implementation of this algorithm was created using fixed point computations, deep pipelining, and four computation phases. Communication and computation were overlapped to efficiently process large fingerprint galleries. The FPGA implementation showed approximately a 47 times speedup over a central processing unit (CPU) implementation with negligible impact on precision. For the second PR approach, a spiking neural network (SNN) algorithm for a character recognition application was examined. A novel FPGA implementation of the approach was developed incorporating a scalable modular SNN processing element (PE) to efficiently
Performance Evaluation of Virtualization Tools in Multi-Threaded Applications

In the last decade, virtualization technologies have become very popular. Virtualization enables a user to run multiple operating systems on the same computer concurrently, while providing a degree of isolation between OS instances. Even though virtualization is mostly used on servers, its popularity on desktop also rises, where it is mostly used in cross-platform development and execution of software available to other platforms. Since both of these use cases are performance intensive, the goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a couple of the most popular desktop virtualization tools on the market, i.e., VMWare Player and Oracle VirtualBox. Benchmarks used in this paper evaluate the performance of the tools in both CPU intensive and GPU intensive applications, with special emphasis placed on the performance of multi-threaded applications.
Hubungan Antara Pemahaman Materi, Motivasi Belajar, Dan Prestasi Belajar Pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta Tahun 2012

Abstrak Kecenderungan prestasi siswa menurun mulai tahun 2009 sampai tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Antara Pemahaman Materi, Motivasi Belajar, dan Prestasi Belajar pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta Tahun 2012. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala psikologi yang mengacu pada pernyataan seseorang mengenai dirinya sendiri dan teknik dokumentasi berupa catatan, transkrip, atau lengger. Penelitian dilakukan pada 73 responden. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini pemahaman materi ajar, motivasi belajar di SMP TD IP. Variabel terikat adalah prestasi belajar. Instrumen yang digunakan pada pengumpulan data ini berupa kuesioner untuk mengetahui skala pemahaman materi dan skala motivasi belajar siswa dan nilai prestasi belajar ke 14 mata pelajaran yang diajarkan. Subjek dengan pemahaman materi terbanyak pada kategori sedang yaitu 36 responden (49%), responden yang memiliki Motivasi Belajar yang terbesar pada kategori sedang yaitu 33 responden atau 45,2%. Nilai F hitung sebesar 33,790 dan nilai sig 0,000 nilai sig dibawah 0,05, maka Ho ditolak dan Hipotesis dengan r x12y = 0,491 diterima. Nilai T hitung sebesar 5,148 dan nilai sig 0,000 nilai sig dibawah 0,05, maka Ho ditolak dengan diawali Hipotesis F sebesar r x1y = 0,474 dengan p = 0,000 diterima. Nilai T hitung sebesar 3,995 dan nilai sig 0,000 nilai sig dibawah 0,05, maka Ho ditolak dengan diawali Hipotesis F sebesar r x2y = 0,368 dengan p = 0,000 diterima. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pemahaman materi dan motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar secara bersama siswa kelas VIII SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan tahun 2012, ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pemahaman materi ajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan tahun 2012, ada hubungan yang signifikan antara motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan tahun 2012. Kata kunci: Pemahaman Materi, Motivasi Belajar dan Prestasi Belajar
Text-independent speaker recognition using neural networks

A text-independent speaker recognition method using predictive neural networks is described. The speech production process is regarded as a nonlinear process, so the speaker individuality in the speech signal also includes nonlinearity. Therefore, the predictive neural network, which is a nonlinear prediction model based on multilayer perceptrons, is expected to be a more suitable model for representing speaker individuality. For text-independent speaker recognition, an ergodic model which allows transitions to any other state is adopted as the speaker model and one predictive neural network is assigned to each state. The proposed method was compared to distortion-based methods, hidden Markov model (HMM)-based methods, and a discriminative neural-network-based method through text-independent speaker recognition experiments on 24 female speakers. The proposed method gave the highest recognition accuracy of 100.0% and the effectiveness of the predictive neural networks for representing speaker individuality was clarified. <<ETX>>
The Sciences of the Artificial - 3rd Edition

Continuing his exploration of the organization of complexity and the science of design, this new edition of Herbert Simon's classic work on artificial intelligence adds a chapter that sorts out the current themes and tools—chaos, adaptive systems, genetic algorithms—for analyzing complexity and complex systems. There are updates throughout the book as well. These take into account important advances in cognitive psychology and the science of design while confirming and extending the book's basic thesis: that a physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means for intelligent action. The chapter "Economic Reality" has also been revised to reflect a change in emphasis in Simon's thinking about the respective roles of organizations and markets in economic systems.
Atlas Of The World’s Languages In Danger

yawalapití awetí kalapalo V ita lid ad d e las le ng ua s Vulnerable En peligro Seriamente en peligro En situación crítica Extinta (desde los años 1950) Las denominaciones empleadas y la presentación de los datos que contiene este mapa no implican de parte de la UNESCO juicio alguno sobre la situación jurídica de los países, territorios, ciudades o zonas o de sus autoridades, ni respecto a la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. 140°E 130°E