Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized Lorentz-Lorenz homogenization formulas for binary lattice metamaterials

©2015 American Physical Society. Generalized Lorentz-Lorenz formulas are developed for the effective parameters of binary lattice metamaterials composed of a periodic arrangement of electric and/or magnetic inclusions. The proposed homogenization approach is based on a dual dipole approximation for the induced currents. The obtained formulas for the metamaterial effective electric and magnetic characteristics duly consider both electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the inclusions and completely describe the effects of frequency and spatial dispersion. Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the general applicability of the proposed formulas to different types of binary lattices and inclusions. It is shown that the proposed effective parameters have the capability of providing a physically sound and accurate description of wave propagation in the metamaterials in an extended range of frequencies in contrast to the equivalent parameters that can be defined in the absence of impressed sources and assuming a local anisotropic constitutive model, which hides inherent spatial dispersion effects and nonphysical features. To gain further insight into the metamaterial response and the physical meaningfulness of calculated effective parameters, the power flow of metamaterial supported modes is analyzed and its homogenized representation is compared to the complete description. A correspondence between the power flow due to the microscopic field and the effect of spatial dispersion in the homogenized parameters is established.
NL-InSAR : Non-Local Interferogram Estimation

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data provides reflectivity, interferometric phase and coherence images, which are paramount to scene interpretation or low-level processing tasks such as segmentation and 3D reconstruction. These images are estimated in practice from hermitian product on local windows. These windows lead to biases and resolution losses due to local heterogeneity caused by edges and textures. This paper proposes a non-local approach for the joint estimation of the reflectivity, the interferometric phase and the coherence images from an interferometric pair of co-registered single-look complex (SLC) SAR images. Non-local techniques are known to efficiently reduce noise while preserving structures by performing a weighted averaging of similar pixels. Two pixels are considered similar if the surrounding image patches are ”resembling”. Patchsimilarity is usually defined as the Euclidean distance between the vectors of graylevels. In this paper a statistically grounded patchsimilarity criterion suitable to SLC images is derived. A weighted maximum likelihood estimation of the SAR interferogram is then computed with weights derived in a data-driven way. Weights are defined from intensity and interferometric phase, and are iteratively refined based both on the similarity between noisy patches and on the similarity of patches from the previous estimate. The efficiency of this new interferogram construction technique is illustrated both qualitatively and quantitatively on synthetic and true data.
The Surprising Retreat of Union Britain

After expanding in the 1970s, unionism in Britain contracted substantially over the next two decades. This paper argues that the statutory reforms in the 1980s and 1990s were of less consequence in accounting for the decline of unionism than the withdrawal of the state's indirect support for collective bargaining. The principal goal of the reforms was to boost productivity so the paper examines the link between unions and productivity finding only a small association by the end of the 1990s. Private sector unionism has become highly decentralized which renders it vulnerable to the vagaries of market forces.
Teaching EFL in Saudi Arabian Context: Textbooks and Culture

This article analysed the impact of foreign (L2) cultures on EFL students in Saudi universities. The investigation has been carried out on the basis of theoretical background study, an analysis of the prescribed textbooks and a survey of the L2 learners' attitudes. The research samples include two course books, Access and Interaction1 published by McGraw-Hill Education, and students of English Department, Najran University, KSA. A thorough analysis of the contents of the series showed that the textbooks largely ignore local culture (L1) and include mainly foreign cultures and cultures of other nationalities. The overall results of the survey demonstrated thatL2 learners disagree with the dominance of foreign culture in their course books. However, they simultaneously showed a very positive attitude towards foreign cultures that do not contradict with Saudi social values. This article, therefore, sought to address the cultural bias in the course books and consequent grassroots discontent among L2 learners. The findings of the study are expected to help both ELT specialists and the concerned authority in KSA to select and design textbooks which are suitable for effective pedagogy and tolerably compatible with L1 values and culture.
Results of Flexor Digitorum Profundus Repair Alone in Rupture of Both Flexor Tendons in Zone II: A Case Series

Background: Flexor tendon damagemakes up a small number of total hand injuries; butmanagement of these injuries often poses a surgical challenge because the results remain unpredictable despite all efforts. The results of flexor tendon repair damage of both deep and superficial injuries, especially in zone II, despite using various methods, still remains poor. Objectives: This study aimed to assess results of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) repair with resection of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) stump in a setting where both tendons are transected. Lack of human studies for FDP repair alone makes the decision difficult. Methods: Files of patients, who were referred to the research hospitals with flexor tendon rupture between April 2014 and April 2016 were studied. Patients, who had recent concurrent FDP and FDS rupture in zone II were included. After six months, range of motion (ROM), pinch strength, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score were measured. Results: Twenty patients were studied; three were excluded due to missing follow-ups. Seventeen patients remained in the study. Thirteen were males and four were females. Ages were between 17 and 55, with mean age of 23.7 years old. According to the DASH score, 13 patients were placed in mild disability group (score one to seven) and four patients showed no disability (score zero). Conclusions: The results suggest the outcomes of FDP repair alone in zone II is comparable to repairing both tendons.
Kannan Srikanth Mutual Confusion and Joint Myopia Coordinated Exploration : Organizing Joint Search by Multiple Specialists to Overcome

In this paper, we use an agent-based simulation model to investigate how coordinated exploration by multiple specialists, as in new product development, is different from individual search. We find that coordinated exploration is subject to two pathologies not present in unitary search: mutual confusion and joint myopia. In joint search, feedback to one agent’s actions is confounded by the actions of the other agent. Search therefore leads to increasing mutual confusion because agents are unable to learn from feedback to correct their faulty mental models of the search space. Incorrect beliefs held by one agent lead to mistakes, and because it is unclear which agent was wrong, this confuses the other agent, either into revising (correct) beliefs or holding on to (incorrect) beliefs. Sharing knowledge aligns specialists’ mental models and counters mutual confusion by inducing coordination around particular search regions. Yet that very effort increases joint myopia, as agents prematurely reinforce each other into choosing from an increasingly narrow portion of the search space. In the extreme, high levels of shared knowledge induce agents to abandon their distinct search approach in favor of a lower common denominator. In coordinated exploration, increasing coordination efforts (such as by increasing communication) reduces mutual confusion but simultaneously increases joint myopia. Efforts to reduce joint myopia, such as by slow learning or lower levels of knowledge transfer, however, automatically increase mutual confusion. As modeled in our simulation, successful joint search needs to balance these two effects. Our results suggest that because unitary-searcher models abstract from epistemic interdependence, their predictions are potentially misleading for coordinated exploration. 1 Strategic Organization Design Unit, University of Southern Denmark 2 Strategy Area, Indian School of Business at INDIAN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS on November 4, 2014 asq.sagepub. com Downloaded from
Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Musical Emotions

Kallinen, Kari Towards a comprehensive theory of musical emotions. A multidimensional research approach and some empirical findings Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2006, 71 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities, ISSN 1459-4331; 50) ISBN 951-39-2729-6 Finnish summary Diss. The present work summarizes the results of a series of experiments that focused on the emotional effects of music per se, in particular background music on other activities such as reading or listening to news messages, as well as on the potential moderating influence of various individual difference variables on the relationship of music with emotional responses. We defined emotions as processes that are influenced by various interactive components, such as musical attributes (e.g., tempo, harmony, musical genre), individual attributes (e.g., musical preferences, personality), and contextual attributes (e.g., music in connection with everyday activities or multimodal information). In order to control the various factors related to musical emotions, we proposed a multidimensional research approach, which consists of (a) measuring subjective responses, psychophysiological responses, and various traits, and (b) examining the relationships between the musical, individual, and contextual attributes that may influence emotions. The results suggest, for example, that music is a multidimensional phenomenon, and that musical emotions are heterogeneous and hierarchical. The results also suggest that music often arouses emotions that are very similar to the ones it is evaluated as being expressive of. We also found that the interaction between personality and musical stimuli can usually be explained by similarity-attraction. That is, people are attracted to persons or media stimuli similar to their own personality. The results also suggest that the interaction between (background) music and some other stimuli (e.g., reading) can usually be explained by mood congruency (i.e., individuals preferentially process emotional stimuli that are emotionally congruent with each other and/or with their current mood state). In sum, the multidimensional research approach seems to produce many interesting results that are presumably more precise than those yielded by previous research on emotional effects of music. However, it should be acknowledged that more research is needed to understand the functions of different components of musical emotions.
Security-Aware Cross-Layer Resource Allocation for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

In this paper, a security-aware energy-efficient resource allocation is modeled as a fractional programming problem for heterogeneous multi-homing networks. The security-aware resource allocation is formulated as a secrecy energy efficiency maximization problem subject to the average packet delay, the average packet dropping probability, and the total available power consumption. In order to guarantee the packet-level quality of service (QoS), first, the average packet delay and the average packet dropping probability requirement for each mobile terminal at the link layer are transformed into a minimum secrecy rate constraint at the physical layer. Then, the non-convex secrecy energy efficiency maximization problem is approximated by a convex problem through epigraph representation. A security-aware energy-efficient resource allocation algorithm is then proposed leveraging dual-decomposition method and bi-section search method. Finally, a heuristic security-aware resource allocation algorithm is proposed to serve as a benchmark. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed security-aware energy-efficient resource allocation algorithm not only improves the secrecy energy efficiency and throughput, but also guarantees the packet-level QoS.
Education + Training Development of entrepreneurial intention in higher education and the effect of gender – a latent growth curve analysis

Purpose – The objectives of this study are threefold: first, to analyze the development of intentions of individuals over time; second, to explore potential gender differences in intention development; and third, to analyze the relatedness of the initial level and development of the antecedents of intentions to the initial level and the development of intentions. Design/methodology/approach – Ajzen’s Theory of Planned behavior is applied. Longitudinal data were collected in the fall of 2010, 2011 and 2012 in seven different universities of applied sciences, with students representing seven different study fields. In our data, there are 192 individuals with all three measurement waves and 104 individuals with two measurement waves. The analysis of change on multi-wave panel data is done using latent growth curve analysis with structural equation modeling. Findings – Our empirical results are threefold. First, entrepreneurial intentions of higher education seem to decrease during their studies. Second, there is a gender difference in the initial level of entrepreneurial intentions and how intentions develop over time. Third, the initial level of intentions does not affect the future development of intentions. Practical implications – In sum, the authors believe that the paper makes an important contribution to the field of entrepreneurial education by concluding that intention development in higher educational context is not a simple matter, but a rather complicated process during which young people can realize their true potential vis-à-vis entrepreneurial opportunities. From an educators’ point of view, such realization generally means a decrease in an individual’s entrepreneurial intentions, which is a phenomenon that does not provide much encouragement for educators. On the other hand, one of the aims of any entrepreneurship education is to give younger people a more realistic picture about entrepreneurship. When someone is willing to start a new business in this kind of context, the authors, as educators, can be a degree more confident that such an individual is not launching his/her venture because of idealistic dreams. Originality/value – By using a longitudinal design, the paper is one of the first to provide empirical evidence about the intention development over time. Ultimately, the paper hopes to have added richness to the ongoing discussion among academics and educators alike regarding the importance of intention development in entrepreneurship education.
Strengthening the Influence of Advertised Reference Prices through Information Priming

The use of advertised reference price promotions, such as "regularly $119.99, sale price $39.99," is ubiquitous in the marketplace. Thirty years of research supports the conclusion that advertised reference prices (e.g., $119.99) exert an influence on consumers' responses to offer prices (e.g., $39.99) via their assimilative influence on consumers' internal reference prices. The present research provides an enriched account of this assimilation process. Specifically, three studies show that increasing the overlap in information made accessible by the advertised reference price and information made accessible by the offer price increases the influence of the information primed by the advertised reference price on the construction of the internal reference price. Consequently, the offer price is considered more attractive. The identification of this process provides insight into additional variables that moderate the influence of advertised reference prices on downstream deal evaluations. Implications for theory, practice, and public policy are discussed.
A century of human‐driven changes in the carbon dioxide concentration of lakes

Now that evasion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from inland waters is accounted for in global carbon models, it is crucial to quantify how these fluxes have changed in the past and forecast how they may alter in the future in response to local and global change. Here we developed a sediment proxy for the concentration of summer surface dissolved CO2 concentration and used it to reconstruct changes over the past 150 years for three large lakes that have been affected by climate warming, changes in nutrient load, and detrital terrigenous supplies. Initially CO2 neutral to the atmosphere, all three lakes subsequently fluctuated between near equilibrium and supersaturation. Although catchment inputs have supplied CO2 to the lakes, internal processes and reallocation have ultimately regulated decadal changes in lake surface CO2 concentration. Nutrient concentration has been the dominant driver of CO2 variability for a century although the reproducible, nonmonotonic relationship of CO2 to nutrient concentration suggests an interplay between metabolic and chemical processes. Yet for two of these lakes, climatic control of CO2 concentrations has been important over the last 30 years, promoting higher surface CO2 concentrations, likely by decreasing hypolimnetic carbon storage. This new approach offers the unique opportunity to scale, a posteriori, the long‐term impact of human activities on lake CO2.
Scientific Mashups: The Issue of Trust in the Aggregation of Web 2.0 Content

The concept of scientic mashups is gaining popularity as the sheer amount of scientic content is scattered over different sources, such as databases or public websites. A variety of mashup development frameworks exist, but none fully address the needs of the scientic community. One limitation of scientic mashups is the issue of trust and attribute; especially when the content comes from collaborative information repositories where the quality of such content is unknown. In this paper, for our case study we focus on CalSWIM whose content is taken from both highly reliable sources and Wikipedia which may be less so. We will show how integrating CalSWIM with a reputation management system can help us assess the reputation of users and the trustworthiness of the content. Using user reputations, the system selects the most recent and trustworthy revision of the wiki article rather than merely the most recent revision, which might be vandalistic or of poor quality.
The secularism of post-secularity: religion, realism, and the revival of grand theory in IR

Abstract How to theorise religion in International Relations (IR)? Does the concept of post-secularity advance the debate on religion beyond the ‘return of religion’ and the crisis of secular reason? This article argues that the post-secular remains trapped in the logic of secularism. First, a new account is provided of the ‘secularist bias’ that characterises mainstream IR theory: (a) defining religion in either essentialist or epiphenomenal terms; (b) positing a series of ‘antagonistic binary opposites’ such as the secular versus the religious; and (c) de-sacralising and re-sacralising the public square. The article then analyses post-secularity, showing that it subordinates faith under secular reason and sacralises the ‘other’ by elevating difference into the sole transcendental term. Theorists of the post-secular such as Jürgen Habermas or William Connolly also equate secular modernity with metaphysical universalism, which they seek to replace with post-metaphysical pluralism. In contrast, the alternative that this article outlines is an international theory that develops the Christian realism of the English School in the direction of a metaphysical-political realism. Such a realism binds together reason with faith and envisions a ‘corporate’ association of peoples and nations beyond the secularist settlement of Westphalia that is centred on national states and transnational markets. By linking immanent values to transcendent principles, this approach can rethink religion in international affairs and help revive grand theory in IR.
Change in Soil and Forest Floor Carbon after Shelterwood Harvests in a New England Oak-Hardwood Forest, USA

There has been effort worldwide to quantify how much carbon forests contain in order to designate appropriate offset credits to forest carbon climate mitigation. Carbon pools on or immediately below the soil surface are understood to be very active in response to environmental change but are not well understood. Our study focused on the effects of shelterwood regeneration harvests in New England on the carbon stored in litter, woody debris, and surface soil carbon. Results demonstrate significant difference in surface (0–10 cm) soil carbon between control (nonharvested) and harvested sites, with higher carbon percentage on control sites. Results showed a significant difference in coarse woody debris with higher amounts of carbon per area on harvested sites. No significant difference in litter mass was recorded between harvested and control sites. When coarse woody debris and litter are included with soil carbon, total carbon did not have a significant decline over 20 years following shelterwood treatment to the forest to secure regeneration, but there was considerable variability among sites. When taking all surface soil carbon measurements together, our results suggest that for accounting purposes the measurement of below-ground carbon after shelterwood harvests is not necessary for the southern New England region.
Impact of orthogonal optical feedback on the polarization switching of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We study experimentally and numerically the influence of orthogonal optical feedback on the polarization-resolved light versus bias current characteristic (L-I curve) of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The feedback scheme is such that only one linear polarization is selected to be fed back into the laser while the orthogonal polarization is completely suppressed before the output is rotated 90° and reinjected into the laser. We experimentally demonstrate that weak feedback levels modify the polarization switching point only slightly, but as the feedback increases the otherwise depressed mode grows and the hysteresis is suppressed. While polarization-preserved and X-orthogonal feedback have similar effects (X indicates the direction of the polarization selected at threshold), Y-orthogonal feedback strongly modifies the shape of the L-I curve, even suppressing the polarization-switching for strong enough feedback. Numerical simulations of the spin-flip model show good qualitative agreement with the observations. We also analyze the influence of various parameters, such as linear birefringence, dichroism, and the spin-flip relaxation rate.