Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organizational stressors and basic psychological needs: The mediating role of athletes' appraisal mechanisms

This article reports the first study to quantitatively examine the relationships between the demands encountered by athletes that are associated with the organization within which they are operating, cognitive appraisals, and basic psychological need experiences. Three hundred and fifteen high‐level British athletes completed a multisection questionnaire which assessed each of the aforementioned constructs. A series of path analyses provided valuable insight into the way in which the three dimensions (ie, frequency, intensity, and duration) of five organizational stressor categories were evaluated by athletes and, in turn, how such threat or challenge appraisals predicted feelings of need satisfaction and need frustration. Moreover, cognitive stress appraisals were found to mediate the relationship between organizational stressors and psychological need experiences. The role of secondary control appraisals was also explored and found to mediate the relationship between primary cognitive appraisals and basic psychological need experiences. Study limitations, proposed future research directions, and the implications of the findings for applied practitioners are discussed.
Endurance capacity and neuromuscular fatigue following high‐ vs moderate‐intensity endurance training: A randomized trial

High‐intensity exercise induces significant central and peripheral fatigue; however, the effect of endurance training on these mechanisms of fatigue is poorly understood. We compared the effect of cycling endurance training of disparate intensities on high‐intensity exercise endurance capacity and the associated limiting central and peripheral fatigue mechanisms. Twenty adults were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of either high‐intensity interval training (HIIT, 6‐8×5 minutes at halfway between lactate threshold and maximal oxygen uptake [50%Δ]) or volume‐matched moderate‐intensity continuous training (CONT, ~60‐80 minutes at 90% lactate threshold). Two time to exhaustion (TTE) trials at 50%Δ were completed pre‐ and post‐training to assess endurance capacity; the two post‐training trials were completed at the pretraining 50%Δ (same absolute intensity) and the “new” post‐training 50%Δ (same relative intensity). Pre‐ and post‐exercise responses to femoral nerve and motor cortex stimulation were examined to determine peripheral and central fatigue, respectively. HIIT resulted in greater increases in TTE at the same absolute and relative intensities as pre‐training (148% and 43%, respectively) compared with CONT (38% and −4%, respectively) (P≤.019). Compared with pre‐training, HIIT increased the level of potentiated quadriceps twitch reduction (−34% vs −43%, respectively, P=.023) and attenuated the level of voluntary activation reduction (−7% vs −3%, respectively, P=.047) following the TTE trial at the same relative intensity. There were no other training effects on neuromuscular fatigue development. This suggests that central fatigue resistance contributes to enhanced high‐intensity exercise endurance capacity after HIIT by allowing greater performance to be extruded from the muscle.
Effects of 6‐month aerobic interval training on skeletal muscle metabolism in middle‐aged metabolic syndrome patients

Aerobic interval training (AIT) improves the health of metabolic syndrome patients (MetS) more than moderate intensity continuous training. However, AIT has not been shown to reverse all metabolic syndrome risk factors, possibly due to the limited duration of the training programs. Thus, we assessed the effects of 6 months of AIT on cardio‐metabolic health and muscle metabolism in middle‐aged MetS. Eleven MetS (54.5±0.7 years old) underwent 6 months of 3 days a week supervised AIT program on a cycle ergometer. Cardio‐metabolic health was assessed, and muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis prior and at the end of the program. Body fat mass (−3.8%), waist circumference (−1.8%), systolic (−10.1%), and diastolic (−9.3%) blood pressure were reduced, whereas maximal fat oxidation rate and VO2peak were significantly increased (38.9% and 8.0%, respectively; all P<.05). The remaining components of cardio‐metabolic health measured (body weight, blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) were not changed after the intervention, and likewise, insulin sensitivity (CSi) remained unchanged. Total AMPK (23.4%), GLUT4 (20.5%), endothelial lipase (33.3%) protein expression, and citrate synthase activity (26.0%) increased with training (P<.05). Six months of AIT in MetS raises capacity for fat oxidation during exercise and increases VO2peak in combination with skeletal muscle improvements in mitochondrial enzyme activity. Muscle proteins involved in glucose, fat metabolism, and energy cell balance improved, although this was not reflected by parallel improvements in insulin sensitivity or blood lipid profile.
Morphological Heterogeneity of Endothelium

Vascular endothelium lines the entire cardiovascular system where it performs a series of vital functions by its control of microvascular permeability, vessel wall tone, coagulation and anticoagulation cascades, lipid homeostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis. The vertebrate endothelial cells display a remarkable heterogeneity in terms of morphology, molecular makeup, and functional output. This heterogeneity was documented very early by electron microscopy studies that established morphologically recognizable endothelial phenotypes in vascular beds of different organs and, moreover, within the different vascular segments of each organ. This review discusses endothelial heterogeneity from a morphological standpoint and the latest developments in our understanding of the components, structure, and function of the endothelial specific organelles that form the hallmark of these phenotypes.
Effect of red wine consumption on biomarkers of oxidative stress.

AIMS To evaluate the effect of acute and chronic consumption of red wine or de-alcoholized red wine with a similar antioxidant capacity on plasma total antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and F2-isoprostanes (8-iso-PGF(2α)) in healthy men. METHODS Nineteen healthy men with an increased waist circumference (≥94 cm) and a body mass index above 25 kg/m(2) participated in a randomized, controlled crossover design trial. They daily consumed 450 ml of red wine (four drinks; 41.4 g alcohol) or 450 ml of de-alcoholized red wine during dinner for 4 weeks each. On the last day of each treatment period, blood was collected before and 1 h after a standardized dinner with red wine or de-alcoholized red wine and also 24-h urine was collected. RESULTS Absolute TEAC levels were higher 1 h after dinner with red wine compared with dinner with de-alcoholized red wine (1.3 versus 1.1 mmol Trolox equivalents/l; P = 0.03). Consumption of dinner together with de-alcoholized red wine acutely stimulated NF-κB activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (0.4-0.7 HeLa equivalents/2.5 μg protein; P = 0.006), whereas this increase was completely suppressed when the dinner was combined with red wine. A chronic increase in urinary 8-iso-PGF(2α) after 4 weeks of red wine consumption compared with de-alcoholized red wine consumption (157 pg/mg creatinine and 141 pg/mg creatinine, respectively, P = 0.006) was also observed. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a moderate dose of red wine can acutely increase plasma TEAC and suppress NF-κB activation induced by a meal. Controversially, 4 weeks of red wine consumption compared with de-alcoholized red wine consumption increases the oxidative lipid damage marker 8-iso-PGF(2α).
Serbian and Austrian alcohol-dependent patients: a comparison of two samples regarding therapeutically relevant clinical features.

AIMS To support the Serbian Expert Board in setting up reimbursement for modern pharmacotherapeutic support, we compared a Serbian sample of alcohol-dependent patients with an Austrian sample, in order to detect differences that might inhibit the introduction of anti-craving medications in Serbia. METHODS One hundred and twenty-seven (116 males) alcohol-dependent patients in Serbia and 136 in Austria (78 males) were enrolled consecutively from January 2011 to March 2012 and were assessed using the Lesch alcoholism typology instrument (LAT). RESULTS Age of onset was slightly higher in the Austrian sample (28.5 vs. 30.0; P = 0.10). The Serbian sample showed a higher rate of anxiety disorders than the Austrian sample (89.8 vs. 26.5%, P ≤ 0.0001). Suicidal tendencies, independent of alcohol intake or withdrawal syndrome, were higher in the Austrian sample (1.6 vs. 13.2% P ≤ 0.0001). There was no difference between the two samples in Lesch-Type IV (26 vs 28); there was a slight excess in the Serbian sample of Type I (15 vs. 10). In Austria, significantly more Type II patients (32 vs. 52) had been included, while the Serbian sample comprised significantly more Type III patients. CONCLUSIONS Austrian and Serbian patients are quite similar, without any showing any factor that would detract from the potential value of modern anti-craving medications in Serbia. The differences in anxiety disorders might be due to the 1990s war and should be investigated further.
Comparison of echocardiographic findings with laboratory parameters in obese children

Abstract Aim The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance and left ventricular size and function in obese children. Material and methods A total of 79 cases aged 10–16 years and diagnosed with obesity and 79 healthy and non-obese cases as controls were included in the study. Patient and control groups were divided into three groups in terms of age as group 1 (10–12 years), group 2 (12–14 years), and group 3 (14–16 years). Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and fasting insulin levels of the cases were assessed. Mitral valve E and A waves, left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, left atrium diameter, and septal wall thickness were measured using echocardiography. Results Measurements of septal diastolic thicknesses, left atrium diameter, and left ventricular end-systolic diameter of all the three groups obtained by echocardiography were statistically higher compared with the controls. In all the patient groups, the mitral valve E/A ratio was >1. In groups 2 and 3, there was a positive correlation between fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR and left ventricular end-systolic diameter, end-diastolic diameter, and septal systolic and diastolic wall thicknesses. Conclusion In paediatric obesity, identification of early cardiac changes will be significant in allowing early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Effects of a dynamic core stability program on the biomechanics of cutting maneuvers: A randomized controlled trial

Deficits in trunk control predict ACL injuries which frequently occur during high‐risk activities such as cutting. However, no existing trunk control/core stability program has been found to positively affect trunk kinematics during cutting activities. This study investigated the effectiveness of a 6‐week dynamic core stability program (DCS) on the biomechanics of anticipated and unanticipated side and crossover cutting maneuvers. Thirty‐one male, varsity footballers participated in this randomized controlled trial. Three‐dimensional trunk and lower limb biomechanics were captured in a motion analysis laboratory during the weight acceptance phase of anticipated and unanticipated side and crossover cutting maneuvers at baseline and 6‐week follow‐up. The DCS group performed a DCS program three times weekly for 6 weeks in a university rehabilitation room. Both the DCS and control groups concurrently completed their regular practice and match play. Statistical parametric mapping and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to determine any group (DCS vs control) by time (pre vs post) interactions. The DCS resulted in greater internal hip extensor (P=.017, η2=0.079), smaller internal knee valgus (P=.026, η2=0.076), and smaller internal knee external rotator moments (P=.041, η2=0.066) during anticipated side cutting compared with the control group. It also led to reduced posterior ground reaction forces for all cutting activities (P=.015‐.030, η2=0.074‐0.105). A 6‐week DCS program did not affect trunk kinematics, but it did reduce a small number of biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury, predominantly during anticipated side cutting. A DCS program could play a role in multimodal ACL injury prevention programs.
How access, isolation and other factors may influence food consumption and nutrient intake in materially deprived older men in the UK

Summary The proportion of older people in the UK population is rising, and those aged 65 years and over are particularly at risk of malnutrition. This is caused by factors such as underlying disease, poor oral health, decreased mobility, limited transport to local shops, social isolation and poverty. Older men, particularly those who live alone, may be even more at risk of an inadequate diet. This paper presents findings from a subset of the Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey, a national survey of materially deprived individuals aged 2 years and over in the UK. The influence of social, physical and other factors on foods consumed and nutrient intake in 234 men (unweighted sample) aged 65 years and over who either lived alone or with other(s) of retirement age is investigated. Mean energy intakes fell below the estimated average requirement (84%), while mean intakes of several micronutrients fell below the reference nutrient intake (vitamin D 35%, magnesium 77%, potassium 75%, and zinc 88%). Men living in households where the person mainly responsible for shopping and preparing food had poorer cooking skills had a lower consumption of vegetables, wholemeal bread and fish and fish dishes, and lower intakes of energy and selected nutrients. Men who experienced difficulty in chewing consumed less fruit, vegetables, wholemeal bread and meat and meat dishes, and had lower intakes of protein and selected nutrients. Interventions need to focus on improving cooking skills, especially in men who live or eat alone, and on increasing the consumption of fruit and vegetables in those with poor oral health, especially those who have difficulty chewing.
The Immune Response in Childhood Dermatophytoses. Die Immunantwort bei Dermatophytosen im Kindesalter

Summary: The immune response in dermatophytosis varies according to whether the infection is acute or chronic. In our study, the response in 101 cases of acute childhood infections was compared with a control population of 186 children. The demonstration of precipitating antibodies and the positive results of the intradermal antigen test was statistically significant (p < 0,005) in relation to the control population. Clinical forms and etiological agents do not appear to influence the response. It was observed that in the first week of evolution of the lesions, 67,4% of the cases had a positive humoral response and 33.3% had a positive dermal response. A high number of cross reactions was observed both in the humoral response and in the dermal response.
Average CsI Neutron Density Distribution from COHERENT Data.

Using the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering data of the COHERENT experiment, we determine for the first time the average neutron rms radius of ^{133}Cs and ^{127}I. We obtain the practically model-independent value R_{n}=5. 5_{-1.1}^{+0.9} fm using the symmetrized Fermi and Helm form factors. We also point out that the COHERENT data show a 2. 3σ evidence of the nuclear structure suppression of the full coherence.
Investigating lipids as a source of chemical exchange‐induced MRI frequency shifts

While magnetic susceptibility is a major contributor to NMR resonance frequency variations in the human brain, a substantial contribution may come from the chemical exchange of protons between water and other molecules. Exchange‐induced frequency shifts fe have been measured in tissue and protein solutions, but relatively lipid‐rich white matter (WM) has a larger fe than gray matter, suggesting that lipids could contribute. Galactocerebrosides (GC) are a prime candidate as they are abundant in WM and susceptible to exchange. To investigate this, fe was measured in a model of WM lipid membranes in the form of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), consisting of a 1:2 molar ratio of GC and phospholipids (POPC), and in MLVs with POPC only. Chemical shift imaging with 15% volume fraction of dioxane, an internal reference whose protons are assumed not to undergo chemical exchange, was used to remove susceptibility‐induced frequency shifts in an attempt to measure fe in MLVs at several lipid concentrations. Initial analysis of these measurements indicated a necessity to correct for small unexpected variations in dioxane concentration due to its effect on the water frequency shift. To achieve this, the actual dioxane concentration was inferred from spectral analysis and its additional contribution to fe was removed through separate experiments which showed that the water–dioxane frequency shift depended linearly on the dioxane concentration at low concentrations with a proportionality constant of –0.021 ± 0.002 ppb/mM in agreement with published experiments. Contrary to expectations and uncorrected results, for GC + POPC vesicles, the dependence of the corrected fe on GC concentration was insignificant (0.023 ± 0.037 ppb/mM; r2 = 0.085, p > 0.57), whereas for the POPC‐only vesicles a small but significant linear increase with POPC concentration was found: 0.044 ± 0.008 ppb/mM (r2 = 0.877, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the exchange‐induced contribution of lipids to frequency contrast in WM may be small. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Feasibility and Acceptability of an Alcohol Addiction Therapy Integrated in a Transplant Center for Patients Awaiting Liver Transplantation.

AIMS To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an addiction program within the setting of liver transplantation, with classification of behavior change techniques used to reduce excessive drinking. METHOD Patients with alcohol-related liver disease (N = 100) participated in a manualized addiction group therapy over 12 sessions, pre-transplantation. Relapses were identified by measurement of urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG). RESULTS Two groups were identified according to the frequency of participation: completers (n = 42) vs. drop-outs (n = 58). A total of 16.5% of the samples of completers in comparison to 30.5% of the samples of drop-outs tested positive for EtG (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that implementation of an addiction therapy program during the waiting time might help to limit the frequency of drinking. These patients appeared often to under-report their alcohol consumption; including a biomarker such as urinary EtG in such settings is recommended.
A predictive model for outcome of cochlear implantation in children below the age of 5 years: A multivariate analysis in Indian scenario

Background: This prospective study is based on the assessment of outcome of cochlear implantation taking in account various scoring systems like category of auditory performance, speech intelligibility rating, and Meaningful Auditory Integration Score. Materials and Methods: 30 children who were implanted between Oct 2007-Mar 2008 at a tertiary referral centre for were included in the study. Various factors were analysed using above scoring system on the outcome and a predictive model was derived in context to Indian subcontinent. Results: Age at implantation, duration of auditory deprivation and residual hearing at the time of implantation affected the outcome significantly. Conclusion: The predictive model can be utilized to predict preoperatively the outcome of a surgical procedure in children and to prioritize the surgery amongst a long waitlist children.
Radiofrequency ablation of atrial tachyarrhythmias in adults with tetralogy of Fallot – predictors of success and outcome

Abstract Background Adults with tetralogy of Fallot experience atrial tachyarrhythmias; however, there are a few data on the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation. We examined the characteristics, outcome, and predictors of recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias after radiofrequency ablation in tetralogy of Fallot patients. Methods/results Retrospective data were collected from 2004 to 2013. In total, 56 ablations were performed on 37 patients. We identified two matched controls per case: patients with tetralogy of Fallot but no radiofrequency ablation and not known to have atrial tachyarrhythmias. Acute success was 98%. Left atrial arrhythmias increased in frequency over time. The mean follow-up was 41 months; 78% were arrhythmia-free. Number of cardiac surgeries, age, and presence of atrial fibrillation were predictors of recurrence. Lone cavo-tricuspid isthmus-dependent flutter reduced the likelihood of atrial fibrillation. Right and left atria in patients with tetralogy of Fallot were larger in ablated cases than controls. NYHA class was worse in cases and improved after ablation; baseline status predicted death. Of matched non-ablated controls, a number of them had atrial fibrillation. These patients were excluded from the case–control study but analysed separately. Most of them had died during follow-up, whereas of the matched ablated cases all were alive and the majority in sinus rhythm. Conclusion Patients with tetralogy of Fallot and atrial tachyarrhythmias have more dilated atria than those without atrial tachyarrhythmias. Radiofrequency ablation improves functional status. Left atrial ablation is more commonly required with repeat procedures. There is a high prevalence of atrial tachyarrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, in patients with tetralogy of Fallot; early radiofrequency ablation may have a protective effect against this.
The medicine men : Oglala Sioux ceremony and healing

For the residents of the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota, mainstream medical care is often supplemented or replaced by a host of traditional practices: the Sun Dance, the yuwipi sing, the heyok'a ceremony, herbalism, the Sioux Religion, the peyotism of the Native American Church, and other medicines, or sources of healing. Thomas H. Lewis, a psychiatrist and medical anthropologist, describes those practices as he encountered them in the late 1960s and early 1970s.During many months he studied with leading practitioners. He describes the healers--their techniques, personal histories and qualities, the problems addressed and results obtained--and examines past as well as present practices. The result is an engrossing account that may profoundly affect the way readers view the dynamics of therapy for mind and body.
Management of Temporal Bone Trauma

The temporal bones are paired structures located on the lateral aspects of the skull and contribute to the skull base. Trauma is usually the result of blunt head injury and can result in damage to the brain and meninges, the middle and internal ear, and the facial nerve. Complications can include intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral contusion, CSF leak and meningitis, hearing loss, vertigo, and facial paralysis. To prevent these complications, diagnosis followed by appropriate medical and surgical management is critical. Diagnosis relies primarily on physical signs and symptoms as well as radiographic imaging. Emergent intervention is required in situations involving herniation of the brain into the middle ear cavity or hemorrhage of the intratemporal carotid artery. Patients with declining facial nerve function are candidates for early surgical intervention. Conductive hearing loss can be corrected surgically as an elective procedure, while sensorineural hearing loss carries a poor prognosis, regardless of management approach. Children generally recover from temporal bone trauma with fewer complications than adults and experience a markedly lower incidence of facial nerve paralysis.