Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecological time-trend analysis of caries experience at 12 years of age and caries incidence from age 12 to 18 years: Norway 1985–2004

Objectives. The purpose of the present investigation was to report on caries experience among Norwegian 12-year-olds from 1985 to 2004 and to assess caries incidence from 12 to 18 years of age for birth cohorts 1973 to 1986. Material and methods. Aggregated data from the Norwegian Public Dental Services and from official statistics were employed. Information was available about the number of subjects, the proportion receiving treatment, sales of fluoride tablets, socio-demographics, caries prevalence, and the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT). Results. An almost linear decline in caries prevalence and mean D3MFT (dentine level) occurred among 12-year-old children from 1985 until the year 2000, but from 2000 to 2004 an increasing trend was observed. The highest mean 6-year D3MFT increment (age 12–18 years) was 4.1 (cohort 1976), while the lowest was 3.2 (cohorts 1982 and 1983). In multiple linear regression analyses of trend, baseline D3MFT accounted for more than 91% of total explained variance in D3MFT increment (Models I and III). Without baseline D3MFT as predictor (Models II and IV), there was a significant association between education, social assistance, mobility, infant mortality, percentage examined, and the additive interaction terms year + income and year + education and D3MFT increment after controlling for confounding and multicollinearity. Conclusions. Four consecutive years of increase in caries experience among 12-year-old children after 15 years of decline and evidence of stability or increase of the caries increment from 12 to 18 years of age among Norwegian teenagers give cause for concern.
[Epidemiology of obesity in adult population of Vojvodina].

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate and is due to changes in nutritional patterns and physical activity that adversely affect the health status. Obesity is a complex disorder with multiple interactive causes. It is associated with many chronic, debilitating diseases with important health care cost and it is basically the consequence of sedantery life style and excessive energy intake. Our objective was to measure the prevalence of obesity in adult population of Vojvodina and to describe its characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in representative sample of 2467 adults from Vojvodina (in adult population of Vojvodina aged 20 years and over). The sample size was determined based on estimated frequency, exposition to risk factors, relative risks and level of statistical significance. All those who completed household interviews attended physical examination. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI> or =25 kg/m2) in both sexes was 58.5%. Among them, 35.5% were overweight while 23% were obese (BMIl30kg/m2). The frequency of obesity was higher among females (26%) than among males (19.6%) (p<0.01). It showed a steady increase to the age of 65, after which the number of obese decreased. The obesity rate was higher in rural (26. 7%) than urban areas (19%) (p<0.01), and among people with lower level of education and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION Considering the existing situation concerning the high prevalence of obesity, urgent public action is necessary. It is essential to develop preventive strategies which would affect the whole society. Healthy lifestyle, balanced diet and increased physical activity must be promoted. However, it is not the responsibility of individuals. Health services, the community, food industry, mass media etc, have a crucial role in modifying body weight. Strategies for prevention and management of obesity should be in accordance with the existing public health policy and programs for prevention of noncommunicable diseases.
Optical sensing of protein adsorption on titanium implants

Adsorption of the elongated human plasma fibrinogen (HPF) and globular human serum albumin (HSA) molecules on titanium-based surface is monitored by analyzing permittivity and optical roughness of protein-modified surfaces by using a diffractive optical element (DOE) based sensor and a variable angle spectro-ellipsometry (VASE). Both DOE and VASE confirmed that HSA forms a thicker and more packed surface adlayer compared to a more porous fibrinogen adlayer. A linear relation of the permittivity (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε″) was found for some of the dry titanium doped hydrocarbon (TDHC) surfaces with excellent HPF adsorption ability. Aging process of TDHC's influenced the fibrinogen adsorption.
Emerging Technologies for Academic Libraries in the Digital Age

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this emerging technologies for academic libraries in the digital age, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
Three genes encode distinct AP33 proteins involved in Trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence

Adherence to host cells is essential for the initiation and maintenance of infection by mucosal pathogens. The protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis colonizes the human urogenital tract via four surface proteins (AP65, AP51, AP33 and AP23). To characterize AP33 further, six cDNA clones were examined. Restriction mapping indicated that the six clones represented three similar genes. Southern analysis confirmed the existence of three single‐copy AP33 genes and suggested a semi‐conservative genomic arrangement between T. vaginalis isolates. Analysis of full‐length sequences determined that each contained a 930 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of approximately 33 000 Da. Sequence comparisons revealed a high degree of identity at both the DNA and the protein levels. N‐terminal protein sequencing established the presence of leader peptides. Each of the three full‐length recombinant proteins had a predicted pI of approximately 10, which was verified experimentally for the T. vaginalis AP33 adhesin. A database search revealed that AP33 had significant identity to the succinyl‐CoA synthetase α‐subunit of several different organisms and virtually 100% identity to the reported T. vaginalis subunit. Unlike commercially purchased enzyme, the recombinant proteins retained adhesive properties equal to the natural T. vaginalis AP33. The characteristics of the AP33 protein are similar to those of the other adhesins and emphasize a complex host–parasite relationship.
Severity of dependence modulates smokers' neuronal cue reactivity and cigarette craving elicited by tobacco advertisement

Smoking‐related cues elicit craving and mesocorticolimbic brain activation in smokers. Severity of nicotine dependence seems to moderate cue reactivity, but the direction and mechanisms of its influence remains unclear. Although tobacco control policies demand a ban on tobacco advertising, cue reactivity studies in smokers so far have not employed tobacco advertisement as experimental stimuli. We investigated whether tobacco advertisement elicits cue reactivity at a behavioral (subjective craving) and a neural level (using functional magnetic resonance imaging) in 22 smokers and 21 never‐smokers. Moreover, we studied the influence of severity of dependence on cue reactivity. In smokers, tobacco advertisement elicited substantially more craving than control advertisement whereas never‐smokers reported no cue induced craving. Surprisingly, neuronal cue reactivity did not differ between smokers and never‐smokers. Moderately dependent smokers' craving increased over the course of the experiment, whereas highly dependent smokers' craving was unaffected. Moderately dependent smokers' brain activity elicited by tobacco advertisement was higher in the amygdala, hippocampus, putamen and thalamus compared with highly dependent smokers. Furthermore, limbic brain activation predicted picture recognition rates after the scanning session, even in never‐smokers. Our findings show that tobacco advertisement elicits cigarette craving and neuronal cue reactivity primarily in moderately dependent smokers, indicating that they might be particularly responsive towards external smoking‐related cues. On the other hand, neuronal cue reactivity and cigarette craving in highly dependent smokers is more likely triggered by internal cues such as withdrawal symptoms. Tobacco advertisement seems to likewise appeal to smokers and non‐smokers, clarifying the potential danger especially for young non‐smokers.
Rayleigh and Prandtl number scaling in the bulk of Rayleigh–Bénard turbulence

The Ra and Pr number scaling of the Nusselt number Nu, the Reynolds number Re, the temperature fluctuations, and the kinetic and thermal dissipation rates is studied for (numerical) homogeneous Rayleigh–Benard turbulence, i.e., Rayleigh–Benard turbulence with periodic boundary conditions in all directions and a volume forcing of the temperature field by a mean gradient. This system serves as model system for the bulk of Rayleigh–Benard flow and therefore as model for the so-called “ultimate regime of thermal convection. ” With respect to the Ra dependence of Nu and Re we confirm our earlier results [ D. Lohse and F. Toschi, “The ultimate state of thermal convection,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 034502 (2003) ] which are consistent with the Kraichnan theory [ R. H. Kraichnan, “Turbulent thermal convection at arbitrary Prandtl number,” Phys. Fluids 5, 1374 (1962) ] and the Grossmann–Lohse (GL) theory [ S. Grossmann and D. Lohse, “Scaling in thermal convection: A unifying view,” J. Fluid Mech. 407, 27 (2000) ; “Thermal convection for large Prandtl number,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3316 (2001) ; “Prandtl and Rayleigh number dependence of the Reynolds number in turbulent thermal convection,” Phys. Rev. E 66, 016305 (2002) ; “Fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh–Benard convection: The role of plumes,” Phys. Fluids 16, 4462 (2004) ], which both predict Nu ∼ Ra1/2 and Re ∼ Ra1/2. However the Pr dependence within these two theories is different. Here we show that the numerical data are consistent with the GL theory Nu ∼ Pr1/2, Re ∼ Pr−1/2. For the thermal and kinetic dissipation rates we find ϵθ/(κΔ2L−2) ∼ (Re Pr)0.87 and ϵu/(ν3L−4) ∼ Re2.77, both near (but not fully consistent) the bulk dominated behavior, whereas the temperature fluctuations do not depend on Ra and Pr. Finally, the dynamics of the heat transport is studied and put into the context of a recent theoretical finding by Doering et al. [“Comment on ultimate state of thermal convection” (private communication)].
Ethnobotany of some useful plants of Poonch Valley Azad Kashmir.

The ethnobotanical studies indicated that the inhabitants of Poonch Valley utilized 169 plant species for more than 30 domestic needs. The major usage include 68 medicinal plants, 35 fuel wood species, 35 fodder species, 24 vegetable and pot herbs, 10 veterinary medicinal plants, 24 fruit yielding plants, 14 spices and condiment species, 12 for construction and timber requirements, 13 ornamental species, 9 used as field fencing, 13 furniture making species, and 6 used as mouth wash (maswak). Other miscellaneous uses of plants included agricultural tools, thatching and roofing, basket making, cosmetics, dish cleaners, home decoration, narcotic, anti-snake and scorpion bite, soil binding, stick/handles, shade tree, utensil making and pillow filling. Results of the survey conducted revealed that 72% of folk medicinal knowledge comes from people above the age of 50 years, while 28% of it comes from people between the ages of 30 and 50. The survey also indicated that men especially old ones are more informative of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants than women in the area. Key words: Ethnobotany, poonch, Himalayan region, fodder species, fuel wood species, enumeration.
CENTAUR GLOBAL NETWORK MINIREVIEWS MYCOBACTERIA AS A PUBLIC HEALTH RISK 2 Selected

not available. Pribylova R, Slana I, Kaevska M, Lamka J, Babak V, Jandak J, Pavlik I (2011) Soil and Plant Contamination with Mycobacterium Avium subsp Paratuberculosis After Exposure to Naturally Contaminated Mouflon Feces Current Microbiology, 62, 1405-1410. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in soil and colonization of different plant parts after deliberate exposure to mouflon feces naturally contaminated with different amounts of MAP. Samples of aerial parts of plants, their roots, and the soil below the roots were collected after 15 weeks and examined using IS900 real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and cultivation. Although the presence of viable MAP cells was not demonstrated, almost all samples were found to be positive using qPCR. MAP IS900 was not only found in the upper green parts, but also in the roots and soil samples (from 1.00 x 10(0) to 6.43 x 10(3)). The level of soil and plant contamination was influenced mainly by moisture, clay content, and the depth from which the samples were collected, rather than by the initial concentration of MAP in the feces at the beginning of the experiment.
Zebrafish models of non‐canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling: fishing for valuable insight into vertebrate polarized cell behavior

Planar cell polarity (PCP) coordinates the uniform orientation, structure and movement of cells within the plane of a tissue or organ system. It is beautifully illustrated in the polarized arrangement of bristles and hairs that project from specialized cell surfaces of the insect abdomen and wings, and pioneering genetic studies using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have defined a core signalling network underlying PCP. This core PCP/non‐canonical Wnt signalling pathway is evolutionarily conserved, and studies in zebrafish have helped transform our understanding of PCP from a peculiarity of polarized epithelia to a more universal cellular property that orchestrates a diverse suite of polarized cell behaviors that are required for normal vertebrate development. Furthermore, application of powerful genetics, embryonic cell‐transplantation, and live‐imaging capabilities afforded by the zebrafish model have yielded novel insights into the establishment and maintenance of vertebrate PCP, over the course of complex and dynamic morphogenetic events like gastrulation and neural tube morphogenesis. Although key questions regarding vertebrate PCP remain, with the emergence of new genome‐editing technologies and the promise of endogenous labeling and Cre/LoxP conditional targeting strategies, zebrafish remains poised to deliver fundamental new insights into the function and molecular dynamic regulation of PCP signalling from embryonic development through to late‐onset phenotypes and adult disease states. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e267. doi: 10.1002/wdev.267
On the Consideration of Self-Care Behaviors in Patients Affected by Congestive Heart Failure and Factors Related to it

Background and objectives : The current study aimed at considering the performance, attitude and awareness level of patients affected by congestive heart failure who were hospitalized in Zahedan hospitals with regard to the self-care behaviors and factors related to it. Method : This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 140 patients with congestive heart failure who were hospitalized in various hospitals during 2015. The required data was collected through interview and a designed questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, SPSS Software, version 15, was used through chi-square test, t-test, and ANOVA test. Results : There was a direct correlation between patients’ awareness level and attitude (p ˂ 0.001 and r=0.459), and behavior (p ˂ 0.001 and r=0.345). In addition, a direct correlation was observed between patients’ attitude and their behavior (p= 0.003 and r=0.452). However, there was a reverse correlation between patients’ age and their awareness level (p= 0.003 and r= -0.253), and their attitude (p ˂ 0.03 and r= -0.181). By performing an ANOVA test, it was revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between educational level and awareness (p= 0.001), and patients’ attitude (p= 0.006). The average number of hospitalization was 3.31%, the most important reasons for hospitalization was shortness of breath (dyspnea) (74%), and the most prevalent background diseases was hypertension (74.3%). Conclusion : It is necessary to pay enough attention to patients’ needs in this regard, and provide suitable educational programs which improve the patients’ awareness level and positive attitude; finally, these programs can promote self-care behaviors in patients.
Facial expression recognition using hybrid features and self-organizing maps

This paper presents a new method to recognize human facial expression by feeding hybrid features to Self-organizing maps (SOM). Facial expression recognition is still a challenging problem that can be seen in many real applications such as security systems, behavioral science and clinical practices. In this work, we present a new way to analyze, represent and recognize human facial expressions from a video sequence. The proposed facial expression recognition framework comprises of following components: face detection, facial feature extraction and classification. Firstly, faces are detected based on skin color after removing background and noise effects from raw video sequences. Then each face image is aligned using vertex mask generation and the 1D transformation features are extracted to utilize the local information for each facial image. After reducing the dimension of features and doing independent component analysis, the new features are trained and tested using SOM. The experimental evaluation demonstrates the proposed approach over two public datasets such as Cohn-Kanade and AT&T datasets of facial expression videos achieves superior recognition performance of 96.81% and 96.55% over state of the art methods.
Comparison of time on the deceased donor kidney waitlist versus time on the kidney paired donation registry in the Australian program

In the Australian kidney paired donation (KPD) program matching is based on acceptable mismatches, whereas deceased donor waitlist (DDWL) patients are allocated kidneys based on HLA antigen matching rules. Herein, we compared waiting time for a KPD match to the waiting time on the DDWL and the occurrence of matching in the DDWL for patients who were registered in both programs. Data on first dialysis, matches on the DDWL, KPD program entry, matches and transplant dates were assessed in 26 KPD recipients of the Australian program. There were 22 recipients who were listed in the DDWL and received kidney transplants by KPD. Time on dialysis until KPD transplantation was 808 ± 646 days. Eleven patients had never been matched with a deceased donor (waiting time 345 ± 237 days) and 11 had been matched on average 3 ± 5 times (waiting time 1227 ± 615 days, P < 0.0001 vs. never matched), but did not progress to transplantation because of positive crossmatch or class II donor‐specific antibody. Mean time from registration in the KPD program until kidney transplantation was 153 ± 92 days (P < 0.0001 vs. DDWL). KPD allocation using the acceptable mismatch approach is effective in identifying suitable live donors for some recipients within a relatively short time‐frame.
A Comparison of Standard Methods With G-estimation of Accelerated Failure-time Models to Address The Healthy-worker Survivor Effect: Application in a Cohort of Autoworkers Exposed to Metalworking Fluids

Background: Studies of autoworkers exposed to straight metalworking fluids report excess risks of several cancers. These studies, however, have not addressed the healthy-worker survivor effect. Most methods proposed to address this bias do not consider that it may be caused by time-varying confounders affected by prior exposure. G-estimation of accelerated failure-time models was developed to handle this issue but has never been applied to account for the healthy-worker survivor effect. Methods: We compare results from Cox models and g-estimation in 38,747 autoworkers exposed to straight metalworking fluids. Exposure was defined based on job records and air samples. We examine relationships between duration of exposure and mortality from all causes, cancers, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results: In standard models, hazard ratios were elevated for cancers of the larynx, prostate, and rectum, but below or approximately equal to 1.0 for all other outcomes considered. Adjustment for the healthy-worker survivor effect using time off work, employment status, time since hire, and restriction to inactive workers after 15 years of follow-up did not substantially change the hazard ratios. However, g-estimation yielded higher hazard ratios than standard Cox models for most outcomes. Exposure was related to increased risks of mortality from all causes combined, heart disease, COPD, and all cancers, as well as lung and prostate cancers. Conclusions: G-estimation may provide a better control for the healthy-worker survivor effect than standard methods.
Selective Ablation of Virion Host Shutoff Protein RNase Activity Attenuates Herpes Simplex Virus 2 in Mice

ABSTRACT The virion host shutoff (vhs) protein of herpes simplex virus (HSV) has endoribonuclease activity and rapidly reduces protein synthesis in infected cells through mRNA degradation. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 vhs mutants are highly attenuated in vivo, but replication and virulence are largely restored to HSV-2 vhs mutants in the absence of a type I interferon (IFN) response. The role of vhs in pathogenesis and the hindrance of the type I IFN response have classically been examined with viruses that completely lack vhs or express a truncated vhs protein. To determine whether RNase activity is the principal mechanism of vhs-mediated type I IFN resistance and virulence, we constructed a HSV-2 point mutant that synthesizes full-length vhs protein lacking RNase activity (RNase− virus). Wild-type and mutant HSV-2 vhs proteins coimmunoprecipitated with VP16 and VP22. vhs protein bearing the point mutation was packaged into the virion as efficiently as the wild-type vhs protein. Like a mutant encoding truncated vhs, the RNase− virus showed IFN-dependent replication that was restricted compared with that of the wild-type virus. The RNase− virus was highly attenuated in wild-type mice infected intravaginally, with reduced mucosal replication, disease severity, and spread to the nervous system comparable to those of the vhs truncation mutant. Surprisingly, in alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) receptor knockout mice, the vhs RNase mutant was more attenuated than the vhs truncation mutant in terms of disease severity and virus titer in vaginal swabs and central nervous system samples, suggesting that non-enzymatically active vhs protein interferes with efficient virus replication. Our results indicate that vhs enzymatic activity plays a complex role in vhs-mediated type I IFN resistance during HSV-2 infection.