Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elements of the Patient-Centered Medical Home in Family Practices in Virginia

PURPOSE The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a widely accepted theory of a practice model to improve quality of care, patient satisfaction, and access to primary care services. This study explores existing elements of the PCMH and characteristics of family practices in Virginia. METHOD We developed and administered a survey questionnaire to capture information on practice characteristics and PCMH elements. We randomly sampled 700 family medicine offices in Virginia from a population of practices derived from the Virginia Board of Medicine Practitioner Information Database. We used a mixed-mode survey, allowing practices in the sample to respond by mail or Internet or at a regional family medicine conference. RESULTS The survey resulted in a response rate of 56%, with 342 office locations participating in the study. Most practices reported continuity-of-care processes (87%) and clinical guidelines (77%). Fewer reported use of patient surveys (48%), electronic medical record for internal coordination (38%), community linkages for care (31%), and clinical performance measurement (28%). A small number reported patient registries for multiple diseases (19%). Very few practices exhibited all elements outlined in the PCMH model (1%). Practice size (number of physicians) is significantly related to PCMH model alignment. CONCLUSIONS Most family practices in Virginia exhibit some elements of the PCMH model. Full implementation of the PCMH model is low. Baseline information on practice characteristics, prevalence of PCMH, and challenges of small practices should be considered in guiding efforts, evaluating progress, and developing policies for care model reform.
Design and Simulation of a Frequency-Diverse Aperture for Imaging of Human-Scale Targets

We present the design and simulation of a frequency-diverse aperture for imaging of human-size targets at microwave wavelengths. Predominantly relying on a frequency sweep to produce diverse radiation patterns, the frequency-diverse aperture provides a path to all-electronic operation, sampling a scene without the requirement for mechanical scanning or expensive active components. Similar to other computational imaging schemes, the frequency diverse aperture removes many hardware constraints by placing an increased burden on processing and analysis. While proof-of-concept simulations of scaled-down versions of the frequency-diverse imager and simple targets can be performed with relative ease, the end-to-end modeling of a full-size aperture capable of fully resolving human-size targets presents many challenges, particularly if parametric studies need to be performed during a design or optimization phase. Here, we show that an in-house developed simulation code can be adapted and parallelized for the rapid design and optimization of a full-size, frequency-diverse aperture. Using files of human models in stereolithography format, the software can model the entire imaging scenario in seconds, including mode generation and propagation, scattering from the human model, and measured backscatter. We illustrate the performance of several frequency-diverse aperture designs using images of human-scale targets reconstructed with various algorithms and compare with a conventional synthetic aperture radar approach. We demonstrate the potential of one aperture for threat object detection in security-screening applications.
Labor Unions and Tax Aggressiveness

We examine the impact of unionization on firms' tax aggressiveness. We find a negative association between firms' tax aggressiveness and union power and a decrease in tax aggressiveness after labor union election wins. This relation is consistent with labor unions influencing managers' in one, or both, of two ways: (1) constraining managers' ability to invest in tax aggressiveness through increased monitoring; or (2) decreasing returns to tax aggressiveness that arise from unions' rent seeking behavior. We also find preliminary evidence that the market expects these reductions around union elections and discounts firms that likely add shareholder value via aggressive tax strategies.
Do Ethnically Mixed Classrooms Promote Inclusive Attitudes Towards Immigrants Everywhere? A Study Among Native Adolescents in 14 Countries

This article examines attitudes among 14-year-old native students in 14 Western countries to assess how out-group size, as measured by the proportion of first- and second-generation migrant children in a class, is related to inclusive views on immigrants. It develops three competing hypotheses: (i) higher proportions of immigrants contribute to inclusive views everywhere; (ii) higher proportions have a negative effect on inclusive views everywhere; (iii) the effect of out-group size depends on the ratio of first- to second-generation migrant children: the higher this ratio, the weaker the effect. It discovers that out-group size is positively related to inclusive views on immigrants in countries where second-generation outnumber first-generation migrant children (i.e., the old immigration states), and that there is no significant link with such views in countries where the reverse is the case (i.e., the new immigration states). The same regularity applies at the classroom level: in classes with more second than first generation students, out-group size enhances inclusive views while it shows no relationship to such views in classes with more first than second generation students. The results thus support the third hypothesis. The non-relation in contexts with many first generation students may well be a temporary phenomenon, however. Once immigrant communities have become more settled and integrated in the destination countries, positive effects of ethnic mixing could well emerge everywhere.
Efficient Role Transfer Based on Kuhn–Munkres Algorithm

Many-to-Many (M-M) role transfers are generalized problems that are encountered in collaboration. Exhaustive-search-based algorithms are too computationally intensive. This paper introduces the Kuhn-Munkres (or Hungarian) algorithm for the general assignment problems (GAPs) and proposes a new efficient algorithm to solve the M-M role transfer problems by converting them to the GAPs. The experiments and results validate the proposed algorithms.
The effects of cultural intelligence on expatriate performance: the moderating effects of international experience

In recent years, cultural intelligence (CQ, or the ability that an expatriate has to adapt across cultures), cultural effectiveness (the ability to interact and communicate with host nationals), and cultural adjustment are regarded as three of the most important factors for expatriate performance. However, the interrelationships between these variables have largely been ignored. Moreover, the role of previous international experiences on the above interrelationships has also not been determined. This study focuses on how CQ and expatriates' experience affects cultural adjustment, cultural effectiveness, and expatriates' performance. The results reveal that the positive effect of CQ needs to be mediated by cultural adjustment and cultural effectiveness before affecting expatriate performance. Furthermore, expatriates' prior international working and travel experiences moderate the effects of CQ on cultural adjustment and cultural effectiveness.
BANFF : An R Package for BAyesian Network Feature Finder

Feature selection on high-dimensional networks plays an important role in understanding of biological mechanisms and disease pathologies. It has a broad range of applications. Recently, a Bayesian nonparametric mixture model (Zhao, Kang, and Yu 2014) has been successfully applied for selecting gene and gene sub-networks. We extend this method to a unified approach for feature selection on general high-dimensional networks; and we develop a powerful R package, the Bayesian network feature finder (BANFF), providing a full package of posterior inference, model comparison, and graphical illustration of model fitting. In BANFF, we develop a parallel computing algorithm for the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based posterior inference and an ExpectationMaximization (EM) based algorithm for posterior approximation, both of which greatly reduce the computational time for model inference. In this work, we provide detailed instruction on how to use the R functions in BANFF along with several tutorial examples on analysis of simulated datasets and real datasets. Particularly, we demonstrate the use of BANFF on selecting features from a protein-protein interaction network and perform brain image segmentations.
Presidential Address: Welfare Economics Beyond Welfarist-Consequentialism

Capitalizing on the recent work in social choice theory, I re-examine the foundations of post-Pigovian welfare economics and social choice theory. The structure of the "old" and "new" welfare economics is critically scrutinized, and the culprits of the poverty of welfare economics as well as of Arrovian social choice theory are boiled down to their common informational basis, referred to as welfarist-consequentialism. Alternative avenues that may be taken in an attempt to escape from the poverty of normative economics are identified and examined. These are focused on interpersonal comparisons of welfare levels, opportunity preferences and the procedural fairness of social choice.
A Time Series Test of Innovation-Driven Endogenous Growth

This article finds evidence that ideas and innovation are a key force explaining postwar growth in the U.S. economy. Utilizing data on patents issued since 1851, I construct a measure of the growth rate of knowledge. Capital stock estimates, human capital estimates, and real gross domestic product per worker growth rates are combined with the knowledge growth series to construct a time series test of endogenous innovation growth models. The results support the endogenous innovation approach but suggest that the accumulation of the per worker capital stock and changes in average human capital per worker are at least as important. (JEL 030, C32) Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
Characterizing Spanish labour pathways of young people with vocational lower-secondary education

School-to-work transition is no longer considered to take place at one point but it is seen as a sequential process with multiple stages that extend over a relatively long period in which individuals gradually settle down into the labour market. This article constructs and examines the labour pathways followed by Spanish young people who have completed vocational lower secondary education. To do so, we use the Survey on Educational-Training Transition and Labour Integration, a retrospective longitudinal dataset that contains monthly calendar information about the labour states in the 4 years after completing vocational education. A wide range of states is covered: part-time employment, full-time employment, unemployment and several situations of inactivity. To examine young labour pathways we use sequence analysis, an exploratory technique which allows us to obtain a measure of dissimilarity between sequences. Later, a cluster analysis is applied that allow us to identify seven patterns of transition into the labour market. Nevertheless, most trajectories may be classified as linear, with a successful integration into the labour market. A multinomial logit model confirms that demographic and educational variables are relevant to explain the pathways followed by young people.
A-Reit Bidder Returns: An Evaluation of Public and Private Targets and Method of Payment

Abstract This study examines the wealth effects of fifty-six Australian Real Estate Investment Trusts (A-REITs) acquirers around the announcement date of a merger and acquisition over the period of 1996 to 2010. This study extends Ratcliffe et al (2009) by examining mergers and acquisitions of private entity targets as well as public targets and confirms recent US REIT work in this field. Utilising event study methodology we find that bidding A-REITs earn positive and significant cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) of +0.966% around the three-day announcement period [−1,+1]. Analysis also indicates bidding firms earn higher CARs when the acquisition is financed by scrip and/or a combination of scrip and cash. Consistent with prior REIT research, event study results show that A-REIT acquirers earn higher excess returns when the target is private as compared to a public target, +2.834% and +0.457% respectively. Further investigation, employing regression analysis, shows book-to-market ratio has a negative impact on bidding firms CARs, suggesting that investors penalise high book-to-market A-REITs in an M&A due to their higher risk characteristics. We also find that both specialisation by property type and relative size of the bidder compared to the target has a positive and significant influence on bidder excess returns. Finally, our results show support for the method of payment findings in the event study, with method of payment returning a negative and significant impact on bidder CARs.
Credit Spread Changes and Equity Volatility: Evidence from Daily Data

We investigate the determinants of daily changes in credit spreads in the U.S. corporate bond market. Using a sample of liquid investment grade and high‐yield bonds, we show that both systematic bond and stock market factors as well as idiosyncratic equity market factors affect changes in the yield spread at the daily frequency. In particular, we find that increase in stock market volatility has a positive effect on changes in the spread of corporate bonds over the corresponding Treasuries beyond that captured by standard term structure variables. Our results show that there is an almost contemporaneous inverse relationship between changes in the bond yield spread and the stock return of the issuing firm.
Market Contestability in the Presence of Sunk (Entry) Costs

This article extends previous laboratory experimental research to examine the competitive discipline of contested markets with a "natural monopoly"-type cost structure where sunk costs are neither zero nor infinite. Several alternative conjectures as to how or whether sunk costs can weaken the discipline of contested markets are presented and interpreted in the context of the experimental design. Sunk costs are found to weaken the support for "strong" interpretations of the contestable markets hypothesis and thus yield a wide diversity of dynamic patterns of market performance. Yet the disciplining power of contestability remains impressive, with no indications of sustained monopoly pricing.
24-Hour Assessment of Performance on a Palmtop Computer: Validating a Self-Constructed Test Battery

A test battery was constructed on a palmtop computer for ambulatory purposes. This study explored whether the test battery could assess circadian rhythmicity under constant routine conditions. Performance, body temperature, and subjective sleepiness of 12 healthy subjects were measured. The test battery consisted of a sleepiness questionnaire and three performance tests: a vigilance detection test, a working memory test, and a choice-reaction time test. The subjects were divided into early-start and late-start groups and were subjected to the constant-routine protocol. All tests showed a trough in performance in the early morning around 07:00h and a peak in the evening between 21:00 and 23:00h. In addition, an afternoon decrement in performance was observed between 15:00 and 17:00h. On average, the circadian (peak-to-trough) variation of the performance variables amounted to 16.9%±1.7 SEM of the maximum across subjects. The late starters showed a larger impairment in performance during the morning than the early starters. This could be attributed to prior wakefulness. The characteristics of the performance rhythms found in this study replicate findings in several other studies carried out under constant routine conditions. In conclusion, the present test battery appeared to be a good tool for future assessment of performance under natural conditions.
Changing Management Approaches to Employee Relations in Ireland

Numerous management commentators have suggested that the 1980s have witnessed considerable change in employee relations at establishment level in Irish organizations. However, much of this analysis has been quite vague on the precise nature of such change. Employee relations management in Ireland has traditionally been associated with a strong collectivist, industrial relations emphasis. Attempts to evaluate the extent of change in management approaches to employee relations in the 1980s. In particular looks at issues such as developments in employment structure, flexibility and changing patterns of industrial conflict. Also considers the emergence of Human Resource Management (HRM) approaches in the Irish context.
Human Capital and Imperfectly Informed Financial Markets

Deviating from conventional models in financial economics which maintain that markets are perfectly informed, more recent work has relied on the role of private information to explain observed portfolio choices or their impact on market outcomes in financial and currency markets (see, e.g., Philippe Bacchetta and Eric Van Wincoop 2006, and Stijin Van Nieuwerburgh and Laura Veldkamp 2009). These studies have not offered, however, a testable model of endogenous information acquisition. Following Isaac Ehrlich, William A. Hamlen Jr., and Yong Yin (2008), we here pursue such a model, based on the role of human capital in information production, and test its power to explain variations in “home bias” - the holding of home, relative to foreign, stocks - across international markets.There is an extensive literature in financial economics that offers various explanations for “home bias. ” What we add to these studies is the role of prior knowledge and private information acquisition in imperfectly informed markets. Our model of endogenous information acquisition, or “asset management” (cf. Ehrlich and Uri Ben-Zion 1976), relies on heterogeneity in individuals’ human capital endowments - both “general” and “specific” - to explain evidence on diversity in home bias at both the micro and macro levels in a multi-asset framework. Our model predicts that while a conditional increase in general human capital, proxied by schooling, increases the expected absolute demand for both home and foreign stocks, “home bias” at the market level is an inverted-U function of schooling. This prediction is confirmed in our empirical investigation.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms at the GLUT4 and GLUT1 Gene Loci in Type 2 Diabetes

Inherited abnormalities of the glucose transporters could explain many of the pathophysiological features of Type 2 diabetes including the strong familial predisposition to the disease. Previous studies have suggested a possible association between an allele of an Xba1 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at the GLUT1 gene locus and Type 2 diabetes in Caucasian and Japanese subjects. In order to test this hypothesis further, population association studies were performed at the Xba1/GLUT1 and Kpn1/GLUT4 gene loci employing a group of diabetic patients with a strong family history for the disease. The frequencies of the two alleles at the GLUT1 locus were 0.28 and 0.72 in diabetic patients and 0.31 and 0.69 in control subjects. At the GLUT4 locus, the two alleles had frequencies of 0.24 and 0.76 in diabetic patients and 0.25 and 0.75 in control subjects. These differences were not statistically significant. The present study does not support the hypothesis that genetic variation within the GLUT1 or GLUT4 gene loci may be responsible for familial susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes.
Testing the Simple Moving Average across Commodities, Global Stock Indices, and Currencies

This article examines the risk-adjusted returns from a commonly used technical trading strategy. The author back tests a “simple moving average strategy” over a period of several decades on various commodities, currencies, and country stock indices. The results show that applying this strategy has provided before-tax returns comparable to, or better than, a buy-and-hold strategy, but with much less downside volatility. In addition, the article shows the strategy to be to be compatible with the concept of diversification: It lowers volatility significantly when applied to portfolios composed of multiple securities combined.
Architecture and Regulation of the HIV-1 Assembly and Holding Compartment in Macrophages

ABSTRACT Productive infection of macrophages is central to HIV-1 pathogenesis. Newly formed virions bud into a tubular membranous compartment that is contiguous with the plasma membrane. However, little is known about the structure of this compartment and its potential regulation by infection. Here we characterized this compartment in macrophages using electron tomography and electron microscopy with stereology. We found an intricate, interconnected membrane network that constitutes a preexisting physiologic structure in macrophages but which expands in size upon HIV-1 infection. Membranes required for this expansion were apparently derived from preexisting pools of plasma membrane. Physical connections between this compartment and the extracellular milieu were frequently made by tube-like structures of insufficient diameter for virion passage. We conclude that HIV-1 induces the expansion of a complex membranous labyrinth in macrophages in which the virus buds and can be retained, with potential consequences for transmission and immune evasion.
Ocular Response Analyzer and Goldmann Applanation Tonometry: A Comparative Study of Findings

PurposeCorrelation of findings of the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). DesignObservational, cross-sectional study. MethodsThe study was conducted on 103 eyes of 56 patients, aged 41 to 78 years; average (±SD) 58.9 (±9.8) years attending the outpatient clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology, Alexandria University, for a routine refraction. Full ophthalmic examination including slit lamp biomicroscopy and GAT, then Reichert ORA utilization to obtain the intraocular pressure cornea corrected (IOPcc), the IOP Goldmann (IOPg), the corneal resistance factor (CRF), the corneal hysteresis (CH), and the central corneal thickness (CCT). Exclusion criteria included previous ophthalmic surgery and any corneal pathology. ResultsThe mean (±SD) IOP GAT was 14.1 mm Hg (±3.0) (range: 8 to 22 mm Hg). The mean (±SD) IOPg, IOPcc, CRF, CH, and CCT was 15.5 (±4.0), 16.9 (±3.7), 9.6 (±2.0), 9.4 mm Hg (±1.7) and 540.8 (±32.6) &mgr;m, respectively. There was a significant correlation (P<0.0001) between IOP GAT and each of IOPg, IOPcc, and CRF; between IOPg and each of IOPcc, CRF, and CCT; between IOPcc and each of CRF and CH; and between CCT and each of CRF and CH at 0.01 level. The average (±SD) difference between IOP GAT and IOPg and IOPcc was −1.33 (±2.38) mm Hg and −2.81 (±2.66) mm Hg, respectively, and was statistically significant (paired t test in a 95% confidence interval). ConclusionsThe ORA is valuable for the evaluation of IOP and corneal biomechanics. However its results are not to be used interchangeably with the GAT findings.
Title : Long Receptor Residence Time of C 26 Contributes to Super Agonist Activity at the Human β 2 Adrenoceptor

Institutes: Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex. RH12 5AB, UK (EMR, MEB, KG, DAS, AS, JDW, SJC) Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Kohlenstrasse, Basel, Switzerland (ER, AT, RAF) School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham. NG7 2UH (EMR, KG, DAS, SJC) This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on January 15, 2016 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.115. 101253