Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causal Groupoid Symmetries and Big Data

The big problem of Big Data is the lack of a machine learning process that scales and finds meaningful features. Humans fill in for the insufficient automation, but the complexity of the tasks outpaces the human mind’s capacity to comprehend the data. Heuristic partition methods may help but still need humans to adjust the parameters. The same problems exist in many other disciplines and technologies that depend on Big Data or Machine Learning. Proposed here is a fractal groupoid-theoretical method that recursively partitions the problem and requires no heuristics or human intervention. It takes two steps. First, make explicit the fundamental causal nature of information in the physical world by encoding it as a causal set. Second, construct a functor F: C C′ on the category of causal sets that morphs causal set C into smaller causal set C′ by partitioning C into a set of invariant groupoid-theoretical blocks. Repeating the construction, there arises a sequence of progressively smaller causal sets C, C′, C″, … The sequence defines a fractal hierarchy of features, with the features being invariant and hence endowed with a physical meaning, and the hierarchy being scale-free and hence ensuring proper scaling at all granularities. Fractals exist in nature nearly everywhere and at all physical scales, and invariants have long been known to be meaningful to us. The theory is also of interest for NP-hard combinatorial problems that can be expressed as a causal set, such as the Traveling Salesman problem. The recursive groupoid partition promoted by functor F works against their combinatorial complexity and appears to allow a low-order polynomial solution. A true test of this property requires special hardware, not yet available. However, as a proof of concept, a suite of sequential, non-heuristic algorithms were developed and used to solve a real-world 120-city problem of TSP on a personal computer. The results are reported.
Field evaluation of broiler gait score using different sampling methods

Brazil is today the world's largest broiler meat exporter; however, in order to keep this position, it must comply with welfare regulations while maintaining low production costs. Locomotion problems restrain bird movements, limiting their access to drinking and feeding equipment, and therefore their survival and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate locomotion deficiency in broiler chickens reared under stressful temperature conditions using three different sampling methods of birds from three different ages. The experiment consisted in determining the gait score of 28, 35, 42 and 49-day-old broilers using three different known gait scoring methods: M1, birds were randomly selected, enclosed in a circle, and then stimulated to walk out of the circle; M2, ten birds were randomly selected and gait scored; and M3, birds were randomly selected, enclosed in a circle, and then observed while walking away from the circle without stimulus to walking. Environmental temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity inside the poultry houses were recorded. No evidence of interaction between scoring method and age was found however, both method and age influenced gait score. Gait score was found to be lower at 28 days of age. The evaluation using the ten randomly selected birds within the house was the method that presented the less reliable results. Gait score results when birds were stimulated to walk were lower than when they were not simulated, independently of age. The gait scores obtained with the three tested methods and ages were higher than those considered acceptable. The highest frequency of normal gait score (0) represented 50% of the flock. These results may be related to heat stress during rearing. Average gait score incresead with average ambient temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity. The evaluation of gait score to detect locomotion problems of broilers under rearing conditions seems subjective and difficult to be properly performed.
WSC REACH Progress Report for 2012 – 2013 E . Foufoula – Georgiou ’ s group :

Our research efforts over the past year have concentrated on four main areas: (1) precipitation and streamflow extremes under climate and human-induced change, (2) river network structure and transport for long-term predictive modeling of nutrient and sediment to inform management decisions, (3) river morphodynamics in terms of tracer dispersal in rivers and changing planform morphology, and (4) integrative predictive modeling of river hydro-geo-biological processes with emphasis on the effects of sediment change to riverine health. Application of the developed frameworks is performed in the Minnesota River Basin (MRB), which is the focus of the REACH project. However, the developed frameworks are general and transferable to other sites.
VERITAS OBSERVATIONS OF THE NOVA IN V407 CYGNI

We report on very high energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray observations of V407 Cygni, a symbiotic binary that underwent a nova outburst producing 0.1–10 GeV gamma rays during 2010 March 10–26. Observations were made with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System during 2010 March 19–26 at relatively large zenith angles due to the position of V407 Cyg. An improved reconstruction technique for large zenith angle observations is presented and used to analyze the data. We do not detect V407 Cygni and place a differential upper limit on the flux at 1.6 TeV of 2.3 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 (at the 95% confidence level). When considered jointly with data from Fermi-LAT, this result places limits on the acceleration of very high energy particles in the nova.
Job Mobility and Sorting : Theory and Evidence I May 2015

I derive a measure of job mobility that reflects the individual’s ability to sort into the preferred jobs. In particular, the measure accounts for the negative effect of separations into unemployment on sorting. Relying on the Survey of Income and Program Participation, I find that educational attainment tends to have a strong positive effect on internal (i.e., within firms) and external (i.e., between firms) job mobility. General experience and occupation-specific human capital have only a limited effect on both internal and external mobility. The impact of being versatile on an individual’s external job mobility is substantial and similar in magnitude as the effect of a college degree on a high school dropout’s external mobility.
Growth, Maturity and Functional Characteristics of Female Athletes 11 - 15 Years of Age

objective. To evaluate the growth, maturity and functional characteristics of female sport school participants 11 – 15 years of age. Material and methods. The sample included 200 girls aged from 10.55 to 15.42 years. The majority (173) trained in track and field. Height, weight, three skin folds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Athletes were compared by menarcheal status and track and field discipline with MANCOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the rela tive contributions of age, height, weight and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, 11 – 13 years and 14 – 15 years. Results. Median age at menarche was 12.99 ± 1.11 years. None of the functional tests differed between pre- and post-menarcheal athletes 13 years, while only grip strength differed between late and early maturing athletes 14 – 15 years. Height, weight and % Fat, but no performance items differed among track and field athletes by discipline. Team and individual sport athletes were heavier, fatter and stronger than track and field athletes but the latter performed better in the sprint and jump. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group. conclusions. Trends in body size of female athletes attending sport schools were gene rally consistent with observations for female athletes in several sports. Percentages of variance explained in functional indicators were greater in athletes 11 – 13 than 14 – 15 years of age.
Brief communication: Changing mid-twentieth century Antarctic sea ice variability linked to tropical forcing

Abstract. Satellite observations demonstrate Antarctic sea ice extent increased between late-1978 and 2015, with significant spatial and seasonal variability. Late spring retreat off George V Land is a major component of the observed increase, but the paucity of proxy records makes interpretation of trends (and impacts) challenging. Here Earth-system modelling and reanalysis demonstrate tropical Pacific warming can trigger an atmospheric Rossby wave response during the austral spring, delaying sea-ice retreat off George V Land. Our results provide new insights into the spatial and temporal role low latitudes play in Antarctic sea-ice production, drift and ocean circulation on decadal to centennial timescales.
Patterning of Quantum Dots by Dip-Pen and Polymer Pen Nanolithography

Abstract We present a direct way of patterning CdSe/ ZnS quantum dots by dip-pen nanolithography and polymer pen lithography. Mixtures of cholesterol and phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine serve as biocompatible carrier inks to facilitate the transfer of quantum dots from the tips to the surface during lithography. While dip-pen nanolithography of quantum dots can be used to achieve higher resolution and smaller pattern features (approximately 1 μm), polymer pen lithography is able to address intermediate pattern scales in the low micrometre range. This allows us to combine the advantages of micro contact printing in large area and massive parallel patterning, with the added flexibility in pattern design inherent in the DPN technique.
Coverage Provided by the Global Protected-Area System: Is It Enough?

Abstract Protected-area targets of 10% of a biome, of a country, or of the planet have often been used in conservation planning. The new World Database on Protected Areas shows that terrestrial protected-area coverage now approaches 12% worldwide. Does this mean that the establishment of new protected areas can cease? This was the core question of the “Building Comprehensive Protected Area Systems” stream of the Fifth World Parks Congress in Durban, South Africa, in 2003. To answer it requires global gap analysis, the subject of the special section of BioScience for which this article serves as an introduction. We also provide an overview of the extraordinary data sets now available to allow global gap analysis and, based on these, an assessment of the degree to which existing protected-area systems represent biodiversity. Coverage varies geographically, but is less than 2% for some bioregions, and more than 12% of 11,633 bird, mammal, amphibian, and turtle species are wholly unrepresented. The global protected-area systems are far from complete.
The Impact of Electronic Tests on Students’ Performance Assessment

This study has aimed to measure the effect of electronic tests on the academic achievements of middle school students in Arabic course. The sample has been divided into two groups; the experimental group and the non-experimental group after using the mixed experimental method. Statistical measurements had been used before, and after, the experiment for both groups; whereas, study tools were consisted of achievements test and focus group. The results have assured the existence of statistical differences between the experimental group and non-experimental group in the (language classification) category marks. The results have shown no statistical differences on the audio comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, handwriting skills, language style, grammatical function and writing expression categories marks, which give preferences to use the electronic test rather than the traditional (pen and paper) test. The study has concluded that teachers must be encouraged to perform continuous evaluation throughout the academic semester by applying electronic tests. They must emphasize on the importance of grounding rules and regulations to apply electronic tests in the educational institutions.
Variability and trend of diurnal temperature range in China and their relationship to total cloud cover and sunshine duration

Abstract. This study aims to investigate the effect of total cloud cover (TCC) and sunshine duration (SSD) in the variation of diurnal temperature range (DTR) in China during 1954–2009. As expected, the inter-annual variation of DTR was mainly determined by TCC. Analysis of trends of 30-year moving windows of DTR and TCC time series showed that TCC changes could account for that of DTR in some cases. However, TCC decreased during 1954–2009, which did not support DTR reduction across China. DTRs under sky conditions such as clear, cloudy and overcast showed nearly the same decreasing rate that completely accounted for the overall DTR reduction. Nevertheless, correlation between SSD and DTR was weak and not significant under clear sky conditions in which aerosol direct radiative effect should be dominant. Furthermore, 30–60% of DTR reduction was associated with DTR decrease under overcast conditions in south China. This implies that aerosol direct radiative effect appears not to be one of the main factors determining long-term changes in DTR in China.
Applications of the ‘Ham Sandwich Theorem’ to Eigenvalues of the Laplacian

Abstract We apply Gromov’s ham sandwich method to get: (1) domain monotonicity (up to a multiplicative constant factor); (2) reverse domain monotonicity (up to a multiplicative constant factor); and (3) universal inequalities for Neumann eigenvalues of the Laplacian on bounded convex domains in Euclidean space.
Submitted to the Annals of Statistics PROPERTY TESTING IN HIGH DIMENSIONAL ISING MODELS By

This paper explores the information-theoretic limitations of graph property testing in zero-field Ising models. Instead of learning the entire graph structure, sometimes testing a basic graph property such as connectivity, cycle presence or maximum clique size is a more relevant and attainable objective. Since property testing is more fundamental than graph recovery, any necessary conditions for property testing imply corresponding conditions for graph recovery, while custom property tests can be statistically and/or computationally more efficient than graph recovery based algorithms. Understanding the statistical complexity of property testing requires the distinction of ferromagnetic (i.e., positive interactions only) and general Ising models. Using combinatorial constructs such as graph packing and strong monotonicity, we characterize how target properties affect the corresponding minimax upper and lower bounds within the realm of ferromagnets. On the other hand, by studying the detection of an antiferromagnetic (i.e., negative interactions only) Curie-Weiss model buried in Rademacher noise, we show that property testing is strictly more challenging over general Ising models. In terms of methodological development, we propose two types of correlation based tests: computationally efficient screening for ferromagnets, and score type tests for general models, including a fast cycle presence test. Our correlation screening tests match the information-theoretic bounds for property testing in ferromagnets in certain regimes.
Salmonid rickettsial septicemia caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis : a review

Rickettsial diseases affecting several fish species have emerged in the last years. The most important outbreaks have been reported among farmed salmonid and non-salmonid species. The most important economical impact on the Chilean fish farming industry is probably the rickettsial pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis, which is the microorganism responsible of the disease salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS). In the present article the authors review current knowledge on the natural history, lesions, transmission, diagnosis and control of SRS.
MAKROEKONOMI TEORI PENGANTAR EDISI KETIGA

Buku ini memberikan informasi tentang: bidang studi ekonomi, pola kegiatan perekonomian, masalah ekonomi dan sistem pengaturan perekonomian, permintaan, penawaran dan keseimbangan pasar, elastisitas permintaan dan penawaran dan sebagainya.
1 4-hydroxynonenal in redox homeostasis of stomach 2 in health and diseases 3

11 The integrity, high functional activity and sufficient regeneration rate of gastric mucosa (GM) in 12 harsh conditions is very challenging pathophysiological demand. The health of gastric epithelium 13 highly depends of efficiency of redox balance maintenance, antioxidant defense and activity of 14 detoxifying systems within the cells as well as robustness of blood supply. Bioactive products of 15 lipid peroxidation, in particular second messengers of free radicals, the bellwether of which is 416 hydroxynonenal (HNE), are important mediators in (patho)physiological adaptive reactions, cells 17 signaling, and are also implicated in pathogenesis of numerous gastric diseases. However, while 18 mechanisms and consequences of HNE and its protein adducts production in response to strong 19 stressors during acute and chronic gastric injury are well studied, many other important issues 20 related to gastric carcinogenesis, tumor growth and progression, the condition of GM after 21 eradication of Helicobacter pylori, the relevance of antioxidants for HNE-related redox homeostasis 22 in GM and many other still need extensive studies and new comprehensive approaches. Therefore, 23 in order to address existing issues preclinical studies and clinical intervention trials are required, 24 which should include also determination of HNE preferably by immunohistological and specific 25 HNE-His ELISA analyses. 26
An Overview of Sex Selection at Conception in Mammals

Although the mechanisms under which sex ratio is controlled in nature remain unknown, researchers have attempted to treat sperm in an effort to predetermine the sex of the offspring. The methods of sperm separation that have been repeatedly reported to isolate fractions rich in X- or Y-chromosome bearing sperm are serum albumin gradient swim-up and flow cytometry. However, the ability of the serum albumin gradient method to isolate Y-chromosome rich fractions and alter the sex ratio of offspring is still a subject of controversy. The flow cytometry technology used to separate X- and Y-bearing sperm into live fractions has been improved and publications showed that the procedure for the capacitation of flow cytometry sorted sperm might be successfully applied for fresh sperm in in vitrofertilisation(IVP)programs. In the case of sexing embryos the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a service offered by several embryo transfer practitioners, but it is labor intensive and costly. In addition, biopsied embryos do not survive freezing very well. In the near future, PCR assays for use in the predetermination of the sex of offspring may become available. In combination with in vitro maturation(IVM), in vitro fertilisation(IVP) and embryo transfer techniques, it is very likely that sexed spermatozoa or embryo will be used widely and efficiently in mammals where higher numbers of spermatozoa or embryo are usually required. To be commercially viable, a method of embryo sexing must be highly efficient, simple and cheap. Although many livestock breeders request embryo sexing, it has not found widespreaduse especially in developing countries.
Developing Metacognitive Skills in Secondary School Students

The research in this thesis focussed on whether metacognitive instructional methods can support the development of metacognitive skills (MS) awareness, and student achievement in secondary school students during problem solving in stoichiometry. The research involved four studies. The first was a quasi-experiment using the metacognitive skills framework (MSF) to support students. The intervention was conducted by a chemistry teacher, for one hour/week over three weeks, with pre- and post-test assessments. There was a control group (N=19) and an experimental group (N=22). There was no significant improvement in MS awareness, however, there was a significant improvement in stoichiometric achievement for the experimental, but not the control group. Study 2 involved a comparison of MSF (N=21); metacognitive skills modelling (MSM; N=17), another less explicit instructional method; and a control group (N=23). Similar measures to those in Study 1 were used. The three groups failed to show significant improvement over time in MS awareness. However, the MSF and Control groups showed significant improvement in stoichiometric achievement. Study 3 concerned the students’ MS awareness and use. An interview group was drawn from each of the three conditions and was asked a series of semi-structured questions. The MSF and control groups gave answers which suggested higher MS awareness and use compared to MSM group. This was not expected and consequently Study 4 was conducted. Study 4 involved interviews with the teachers of the students in the three conditions. Some of the findings in Study 2 could be explained by the control group teacher supporting MS awareness and use, and that this group had a public examination in chemistry shortly after the study. Thus, the findings from this research suggest that use of the MSF is associated with increased scores in stoichiometry. However, further research is needed to better understand the effects of interventions on the enhancement of metacognitive skills awareness and use.
A selection theorem for topological convex structures

A continuous selection theorem has been obtained for multivalued functions, the values of which are convex sets of certain synthetic convex structures. Applications are given related with superextensions, (semi)lattices, spaces of order arcs, trees, Whitney levels in hyperspaces, and geometric topology. Applications to traditional convexity in vector spaces involve Beer's approximation theorem and a fixed point theorem of Dugundji-Granas. Some other applications (a.o. an invariant arc theorem) appear elsewhere
Efficient scheduling of multi-antenna broadcast systems

In this thesis, we study the problem of efficiently scheduling users in a multi-antenna Gaussian broadcast channel with M1l transmit antennas and K independent receivers each with a single receive antenna. We first focus on a scenario with two transmit antennas and statistically identical users, and analyze the gap between the full sum capacity and the rate that can be achieved by transmitting to a suitably selected pair of users. In particular, we consider a scheme that picks the user with the largest channel gain. , and selects a second user from the next L 1 largest ones to form the best pair, taking the orientation of channel vectors into account as well. We prove that the expected rate gap converges to 1/(L 1) nats/symbol when the total number of users K tends to infinity. Allowing L to increase with K, it; may be deduced that transmitting to a properly chosen pair of users is asymptotically optimal, while dramatically reducing the feedback overhead and operational complexity. Next, we tackle the problem of maximizing a weighted sum rate in a scenario with heterogeneous user characteristics. We establish a novel upper bound for the weighted sum capacity, which we then use to show that the maximum expected weighted sum rate can be asymptotically achieved by transmitting to a suitably selected subset of at most MC users, where C denotes the number of distinct user classes. Numerical experiments indicate that the asymptotic results are remarkably accurate and that the proposed schemes operate close to absolute performance bounds, even for a moderate number of users. Thesis Supervisor: Eytan H. Modiano Title: Associate Professor