Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reanalyzing the visible colors of Centaurs and KBOs: what is there and what we might be missing

Visible colors (BVRI) are a reasonable proxy for real spectra of Centaurs and Kuiper Belt Objects, which are rather linear in this range. Colors provide limited information but remain the best tool to study the bulk surface properties. We explore recurrent effects in the study of visible colors: i) how a correlation could be missed or weakened as a result of the data error bars, ii) the "risk" of missing an existing trend because of low sampling, and the possibility of making quantified predictions on the sample size needed to detect a trend at a given significance level, iii) the use of partial correlations to distinguish the mutual effect of two or more parameters, and iv) the sensitivity of the "reddening line" tool to the central wavelength of the filters used. We have compiled the visible colors of about 370 objects available in the literature and carried out an analysis per dynamical family. Our results show how a) data error bars impose a limit on the detectable correlations regardless of sample size and that therefore, once that limit is achieved, it is important to diminish the error bars, but it is pointless to enlarge the sampling with the same or larger errors; b) almost all dynamical families still require larger samplings to ensure the detection of correlations stronger than 0.5; c) the correlation strength between (V-R) vs. (R-I) is systematically lower than the one between (B-V) vs. (V-R) and is not related with error-bar differences between these colors; d) it is statistically equivalent to use any of the different flavors of orbital excitation or collisional velocity parameters regarding the color-inclination correlation of classical KBOs whereas the inclination and Tisserand parameter relative to Neptune cannot be separated from one another; and e) classical KBOs are the only dynamical family that shows neither (B-V) vs. (V-R) nor (V-R) vs. (R-I) correlations.
Effective Behavioral Factors on Customers' Intention to Use Mobile Banking Services (Case Study: Saderat Bank Branches of Mashhad)

Concurrent with the improvement of mobile technology and equipments in the world, many banks in Iran such as Saderat Bank have provided mobile access to financial information. The purpose of this research is to study effective behavioral factors on customers’ intention to use mobile banking services in Saderat Bank branches of Mashhad. This research in terms of purpose is scientific-applied and in terms of type is descriptive-survey research and the questionnaires have been distributed among 417 bank customers who have never used Saderat mobile banking services. The Proposed research model has been designed based on Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) and a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach of PLS has been used for consideration. This study has applied confirmatory factor analysis, experts’ point of view and Cronbach's alpha coefficient to verify the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. With regard to standardized loadings which are mostly above 0.5 and the overall reliability of the questionnaire is 0.92, it can be concluded that the questionnaire is valid and reliable. The results indicate that subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, age, education, mobile skill and all aspects of attitude except perceived usefulness and trail ability effect on customers’ behavioral intention to use mobile banking services.
ROSA/LSTF Tests and Posttest Analyses by RELAP5 Code for Accident Management Measures during PWR Station Blackout Transient with Loss of Primary Coolant and Gas Inflow

Three tests were carried out with the ROSA/LSTF (rig of safety assessment/large-scale test facility), which simulated accident management (AM) measures during station blackout transient with loss of primary coolant under assumptions of nitrogen gas inflow and total failure of high-pressure injection system in a pressurized water reactor. As the AM measures, steam generator (SG) secondary-side depressurization was done by fully opening the relief valves in both SGs, and auxiliary feedwater was injected into the secondary-side of both SGs simultaneously. Conditions for the break size and the onset timing of the AM measures were different among the three LSTF tests. In the three LSTF tests, the primary pressure decreased to a certain low pressure of below 1 MPa with or without the primary depressurization by fully opening the relief valve in a pressurizer as an optional AM measure, while no core uncovery took place through the whole transient. Nonuniform flow behaviors were observed in the SG U-tubes under natural circulation (NC) with nitrogen gas depending probably on the gas accumulation rate in the two LSTF tests that the gas accumulated remarkably. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code predicted most of the overall trends of the major thermal hydraulic responses observed in the three LSTF tests. The code, however, indicated remaining problems in the predictions of the primary pressure, the SG U-tube collapsed liquid levels, and the NC mass flow rate after the nitrogen gas ingress as well as the accumulator flow rate through the analyses for the two LSTF tests, where the remarkable gas accumulation occurred.
The Urban Unbanked in Mexico and the United States

This paper examines the ways in which lower-income households obtain basic financial services in urban communities in Mexico and the United States. And it discusses the efforts that private sector and government organizations are making to lower the cost or improve the quality of those services. The paper summarizes available information on these issues and assesses the rationale and challenges facing the strategies that both countries are using to improve the financial services available to lower-income households,giving particular attention to"unbanked"households, meaning households that do not have deposit accounts with any regulated deposit-taking institution, and also to lower-income households in large urban areas. In comparing the experiences of the two countries, the paper reviews the extent to which lower-income households are unbanked, their use of non-bank financial services, and strategies for improving financial services to the unbanked. The underlying differences between the countries'typical household incomes-national income per capita in Mexico in 2002 was US$8,540, compared with $35,060 in the United States (World Bank 2003)-may also influence the difference in percentage of unbanked-9.1 percent of families in the United States compared with 76.4 percent found in a recent study in Mexico City.
Reexamining the warming in the tropical upper troposphere: Models versus radiosonde observations

A recent study of 1979–2010 tropical tropospheric temperature trends in climate model simulations and satellite microwave sounding unit (MSU) observations concluded that, although both showed greater warming in the upper than lower troposphere, the vertical amplification of warming was exaggerated in most models. We repeat that analysis of temperature trends, vertical difference trends, and trend ratios using five radiosonde datasets. Some, but not all, comparisons support the notion that vertical amplification in models exceeds that observed. However, larger ranges of radiosonde trends compared with those for MSU, and the sensitivity of results to the upper‐tropospheric level analyzed, make it difficult to conclude unambiguously that models are inconsistent with radiosonde observations. The larger ranges are due to the availability of more radiosonde datasets with different approaches for adjusting measurement biases. Together these two studies highlight challenges of using imperfect observations of tropical tropospheric temperature over a few decades to assess climate model performance.
Vorticity transfer through rapid area change

Extensive studies have been conducted on the use of biomimetic foils for propulsion and maneuvering of vehicles. These studies, however, mostly focuses on the use of sinusoidal motion similar to bird flapping or fish swimming to generate the necessary forces. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the generation of maneuvering forces by using rapid vorticity transfer into the fluid through a rapid motion as observed in some animals. In this study a NACA 0012 foil was towed steadily at Reynolds number of 14000, then the foil is rapidly accelerated in the transverse direction. Two different cases were tested: One where the area decreases and one where it increases, referred to as vanishing foil and emerging foil, respectively. Various angle of attacks were tested, and in all the cases the circulation is conserved. The method of Particle Image Velocimetry and flow visualization were used to map out the threedimensional vortical structure after the rapid motion. In the emerging foil experiment the flow structure is similar to the case of accelerating wing. From the vanishing foil experiment, however, we managed to discover a phenomenon called global separation, where separation happens instantaneously over the entire surface of the body. This global separation allows a more effective and rapid transfer of vorticity, at about one order of magnitude faster than vorticity transfer through conventional means. Thesis Supervisor: Michael S. Triantafyllou Title: William I. Koch Professor of Marine Technology
Examination effect of strategic leadership on Facilitate innovation (case study: production industries Ilam)

This study was conducted to examination effect of strategic leadership on Facilitate innovation. The method of the study was descriptive-survey, and the participants were the workers of Abadan Refinery which were 1870 people, 358 using the Cochran formula the sample size was. The data was collected through a questionnaire, and to analyze the collected data descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential statistics (t-test, correlation coefficient, regression analysis and Friedman test) were used. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between Strategic leadership and facilitating innovations. Also, the components of the Strategic leadership have a significant effect on facilitating innovation. Friedman test results showed that the ranking of the dimensions of Strategic leadership that were significant was individual consideration, organizational capabilities, Individual capabilities, Environmental features, respectively.
Indirect Costs of Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Law: Evidence from Trade Credit and Sales

We argue that stronger debt enforcement in bankruptcy can reduce indirect costs of financial distress: (i) by increasing the likelihood of restructuring outside bankruptcy and (ii) by improving the recovery rate of trade creditors through explicit legal provisions. Consistent with these predictions, we find that when debt enforcement is stronger, financially distressed firms are less exposed to indirect distress costs in the form of reduced access to trade credit and forgone sales. We document these effects in a panel of firms from 40 countries with heterogeneous debt enforcement characteristics and in differences-in-differences tests exploiting a 2005 U.S. bankruptcy reform.
Arithmetic degrees of special cycles and derivatives of Siegel Eisenstein series

Let V be a rational quadratic space of signature (m,2). A conjecture of Kudla relates the arithmetic degrees of top degree special cycles on an integral model of a Shimura variety associated with SO(V) to the coefficients of the central derivative of an incoherent Siegel Eisenstein series of genus m+1. We prove this conjecture for the coefficients of non-singular index T when T is not positive definite. We also prove it when T is positive definite and the corresponding special cycle has dimension 0. To obtain these results, we establish new local arithmetic Siegel-Weil formulas at the archimedean and non-archimedian places.
An equivariant noncommutative residue

Let $\gp$ be a finite group acting on a compact manifold $M$ and $\maA(M)$ denote the algebra of classical complete symbols on $M$. We determine all traces on the cross-product algebra $\maA(M) \rtimes \Gamma$. These traces appear as residues of certain meromorphic 'zeta' functions and can be considered as equivariant generalization of the non-commutative residue trace. The local formula for these traces depends on more than one component of the complete asymptotic expansion. For instance, the local formula for these traces depends also on derivatives in the normal directions to fixed point manifolds of higher order components. As an application, we obtain a formula for the asymptotic occurrence of an irreducible representation of $\gp$ in the eigenspaces of an invariant positive elliptic operator. We also obtain an new construction for Dixmier trace of an invariant operator.
Recovery among People with Mental Illness (PMI) as Perceived by the Caregivers in Islamic Boarding School (IBS) in Indonesia

Background : Mental hospitals as places to rehabilitation people with mental illness (PMI) in Indonesia are limited in numbers and do not meet with the number of PMI. The society may contribute in facilitating recovery and rehabilitation place for PMI including Islamic boarding school. Some Islamic boarding schools provide rehabilitation for PMI to help with recovery process. Recovery is an important aspect to assess the success of PMI rehabilitation. Nevertheless, there has been no study on Islamic boarding school’s caregivers’ perception on PMI recovery. Purpose : This study aims to explore recovery perception of caregivers treating PMI in Islamic boarding school and factors affecting recovery. Methods : Data are acquired from 19 caregivers from three Islamic boarding schools providing rehabilitation for PMI with Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The data analyzed using descriptive analysis. Result : Having a good communication is a recovery criterion that is mentioned the most by caregivers. There are three biggest factors affecting recovery based on the caregivers such as prayers or religion followed by social support from family and environment and also doing activities. Conclusion : The results may depict the PMI recovery so that the health care providers can provide interventions that can support the recovery process in PMI.
Flow velocity and the hydrologic behavior of streams during baseflow

Diel variations in stream discharge have long been recognized, but are relatively little studied. Here we demonstrate that these diel fluctuations can be used to investigate both streamflow generation and network routing. We treat evapo‐transpiration (ET) as a distributed impulse function in an advection model and analyze the effect of ET on diel fluctuations in discharge. We show that when flow velocity is high during high baseflow, discharge fluctuations tend to be in phase and constructive interference reinforces ET‐generated signals resulting in strong diel fluctuations measured at a gauging station at the mouth of the watershed. As flow velocity slows with baseflow recession, ET‐generated signals are increasingly out of phase so that fluctuations in discharge are masked by destructive interference. These results demonstrate that naturally produced fluctuations in discharge constitute discrete impulse functions that can be used to analyze eco‐hydrologic behavior of whole‐watersheds during baseflow periods.
Effect of boron and zinc fertilization on flower yield and quality of Gladiolus in Grey Terrace Soils of Bangladesh.

N.K. HALDER, M. A. SIDDIKY, R. AHMED, S. M. SHARIFUZZAMAN AND R. A. BEGUM Senior Scientific Officer, 2 Scientific Officer Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh Accepted for Bangladesh: October 05, 2007 ABSTRACT Halder, N.K. , Siddiky, M. A. , Ahmed, R. , Sharifuzzaman, S. M. and Begum, R. A. 2007. Effect of Boron and Zinc Fertilization on Flower Yield and Quality of Gladiolus in Grey Terrace Soils of Bangladesh. J . Soil . Nature . 1(3): 40-45
Can Using Online Formative Assessment Boost the Academic Performance of Business Students? An Empirical Study

Abstract The declining quality of first year student intake at the Durban University of Technology (DUT) prompted the addition of online learning to traditional instruction. The time spent by students in an online classroom and their scores in subsequent multiple-choice question (MCQ) tests were measured. Tests on standardised regression coefficients showed self-test time as a significant predictor of summative MCQ performance while controlling for ability. Exam MCQ performance was found to be associated, positively and significantly, with annual self-test time at the 5 percent level and a significant relationship was found between MCQ marks and year marks. It was concluded that students’ use of the self-test tool in formative assessments has a significant bearing on students’ year marks and final grades. The negative nature of the standardised beta coefficient for gender indicates that, when year marks and annual self-test time are considered, males appear to have performed slightly better than females.
Combined effects of zinc and high irradiance stresses on photoinhibition of photosynthesis in bean

Environment contamination and plant exposure to heavy metals is a growing problem throughout the world. Toxic levels of heavy metals were reported to affect a variety of processes in plants (Toppi et al., 2001). Zinc plays multiple important roles in the various physiological and metabolic processes of plants and may limit plant growth. Zinc deficiency is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency worldwide (Graham et al., 1992). It is estimated that about 50% of soils used for cereal production in the world have low levels of plant-available Zn (Graham and Welch, 1996). However, when massively present in the environment, Zn can reach supraoptimal concentrations in all plant organs, thus inducing toxic effects and metabolic disorders. In recent years, the concentration of Zn in soils and the area polluted by it have continually increased due to wastes of nonferrous metallurgy,
Risky Business? Welfare State Reforms and Government Support in Britain and Denmark

Are welfare state reforms electorally dangerous for governments? Political scientists have only recently begun to study this seemingly simple question, and existing work still suffers from two shortcomings. First, it has never tested the reform–vote link with data on actual legislative decisions for enough points in time to allow robust statistical tests. Secondly, it has failed to take into account the many expansionary reforms that have occurred in recent decades. Expansions often happen in the same years as cutbacks. By focusing only on cutbacks, estimates of the effects of reforms on government popularity become biased. This article addresses both shortcomings. The results show that voters punish governments for cutbacks, but also reward them for expansions, making so-called compensation, a viable blame-avoidance strategy. The study also finds that the size of punishments and rewards is roughly the same, suggesting that voters’ well-documented negativity bias does not directly translate into electoral behavior.
Health Information Literacy among Healthy Older Irish Adults

Background: Health Literacy (HL) is important because substantial numbers of the Irish population (38.8%) are ignorant of their HL. Research has shown that poor HL is associated with poorer health. Older people may be further disadvantaged by deteriorating vision, hearing or other physical problems which may impact HL. With the aging demographic, it is important that HL issues are examined in this population to help identify potential avenues for improvement. Methods: This study utilized a validated health literacy assessment tool to profile a sample of older adults in terms of health information access and utilization. Assessing the effect of providing a short educational presentation in terms of their HL scores was completed using a test re-test experimental design with the NVS (Newest Vital Sign) HL assessment tool. Results: Of the participants recruited 40% had limited HL. The General Practitioner (GP) was considered by 80% of participants to be the first preference for sourcing health information. While 80% of the sample had Internet access at home, only half of them used it to source health information, but that 50% had substantially higher HL scores than the other 50%. The sample was too small to show any significance in terms of the educational intervention but did indicate a need for further study. Conclusion: The study confirmed that a cohort of older Irish people has difficulties with HL. The finding pertaining to better HL skills in those who used the Internet to source health information is interesting and requires further research.
The Effects of Blended Learning on the Intrinsic Motivation of Thai EFL Students.

The aim of this study is to compare the results of blended learning with face-to-face learning among university students studying English as a foreign language. The participants were separated by gender, and the following variables, intrinsic motivation for learning English, attitudes towards English as a subject, and satisfaction with the learning climate, which was either a blended learning environment or a face-to-face learning environment, were analysed. The participants of this research are bachelor’s degree students enrolled in English courses. The two class samples were drawn at random. The first class was the control group, and the other was the experimental group. The experimental group was taught using blended learning, and the control group was taught using face-to-face learning. The results of the research did not differ by gender. The students had significantly higher levels of intrinsic motivation for learning English, a better attitude towards English as a subject, and better satisfaction with the learning climate after they were taught by blended learning. Finally, the students who were taught using blended learning had significantly higher levels of intrinsic motivation for learning English and a better attitude towards English as a subject, as well as greater satisfaction with the learning climate than the students who were taught using face-to-face learning.
Study of Conservation on Implicit Techniques for Unstructured Finite Volume Navier-Stokes Solvers

The work is a study of conservation on linearization techniques of time-marching schemes for the unstructured finite volume Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation. The solver used in this work calculates the numerical flux applying an upwind discretization based on the flux vector splitting scheme. This numerical treatment results in a very large sparse linear system. The direct solution of this full implicit linear system is very expensive and, in most cases, impractical. There are several numerical approaches which are commonly used by the scientific community to treat sparse linear systems, and the point-implicit integration was selected in the present case. However, numerical approaches to solve implicit linear systems can be non-conservative in time, even for formulations which are conservative by construction, as the finite volume techniques. Moreover, there are physical problems which strongly demand conservative schemes in order to achieve the correct numerical solution. The work presents results of numerical simulations to evaluate the conservation of implicit and explicit time-marching methods and discusses numerical requirements that can help avoiding such non-conservation issues.