Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Aerodynamic Forces On Misaligned Platoons

This report summarizes wind tunnel experimental measurementson the aerodynamic interaction between members of misaligned platoons. Experiments are conducted at the University of Southern California's Dryden Wind Tunnel Facility. All experiments are made using 1/8 scale models of 1991 Chevy Lumina minivan. Models are placed above a ground plane with a porous surface, through which slight suction is applied to remove the boundary layer. Refurbishing of the ground plane surface, and its repositioning to a 1 degree angle of attack produce significantly improved air flow through the test section. Automatization of the testing procedures allow measurements of drag, side force and yawing moment with extremely fine position resolution. The measured quantities are presented in the form of coefficient ratios by ratioing the forces and moment with the value of drag experienced by a vehicle in isolation. The results of two separate experiments are presented in this report. First, aerodynamic forces on misaligned three-vehicle platoons are presented for all possible platoon configurations resulting from a longitudinal separation range of 0 to 0.72 vehicle lengths and a lateral displacement range of 0 to 1.1 vehicle widths for the middle vehicle. Results are presented in the form of color maps of the drag, side force and yawing moment coefficient ratios for each individual vehicle in the platoon. Experimental results from a complete set of symmetric configurations and five sets of non-symmetric configurations, associated with five fixed separations between the leading vehicle and the trailing vehicle, are presented in detail. A second experiment consists of a detailed investigation of aerodynamic forces on a two-vehicle platoon in back-to-back geometry. Following previous observations, the present experiment investigates a two-fold increase in drag force occurring at specific separations between the two vehicles. Color maps for the drag, side force and yawing moment coefficient ratios document the presence of a hysteresis loop-the drag on the leading vehicle as separation increases is different from drag as separation narrows. It is argued that the resonance with hysteresis represents a matching between the wavelength of turbulent flow structure and the spacing itself. A dimensional analysis relates the drag increase phenomenon to longitudinal separations between different types of vehicles.
Variation in frequency of alleles in the MTNR1A gene with possible impact on ability of ewes to show oestrus out of season

In Swedish sheep industry it is desired to have lambs slaughtered evenly distributed over the year. Swedish sheep are generally seasonal breeders with lambs born in the spring and slaughtered in the autumn. Some of the breeds, e.g. Swedish Finewool and Roslag sheep breeds have shown ability to lamb out of season. For increased knowledge on the possibilities to breed for out-of-season lambing in Swedish sheep breeds, the aim of this master thesis is to study the variation in frequency of two alleles in the MTNR1A gene in the three breeds; Gotland, Swedish Finewool, and Roslag sheep. This master thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is a literature review with emphasise on reproduction physiology, methods for heat synchronisation and induced out-of-season reproduction, selection for out-of-season reproduction and description of different methods for DNA analyses. Many of the investigated studies have shown a connection between out-of-season breeding and an increasing amount of C alleles in the polymorphic position C606T and G alleles in the polymorphic position G612A on the MTNR1A gene. Another study has also detected a relatively high frequency of the favourable MTNR1A alleles but on seasonal breeds. In the second part of the thesis the allele frequency and genotypes of nucleotide position 606 and 612 in the MTNR1A gene for three different Swedish sheep breeds were investigated. Blood was sampled from around 30 animals of each breed. DNA was extracted from the blood and the sequence containing both SNPs of the MTNR1A gene, was analysed. The three breeds had a similar allele frequency for both positions and the assumed seasonal Gotland ewes had a high frequency (0.87) of the G allele in position G612A. The results indicate that the SNPs investigated are not good markers to decide the Swedish breeds’ ability for out-of-season breeding.
Aniline as Corrosion Inhibitor for Zinc in Hydrochloric Acid

The corrosion of zinc in hydrochloric acid containing aniline has been studied at different acid concentrations, inhibitor concentration and temperatures. Corrosion increases with the concentration of acid and the temperature. As the concentration of inhibitor increases Inhibition efficiency (I.E.) also increases. At constant inhibitor concentration, the I.E. decreases with the increase in concentration of acid. As temperature increases, percentage of inhibition decreases. The plot of log (θ/1-θ) versus log C results in a straight line suggest that the inhibitors cover both the anodic and cathodic regions through general adsorption following Longmuir isotherm. Galvenostatic polarization curves show polarization of both anodes as well as cathodes.
The Psychological Well-Being among Left-Behind Children of Labor Migrant Parents in Rural Northern Vietnam

Background: In Asia, especially in China and ASEAN, it has been an obvious trend that the population in general and parents in particular leave the countryside to bigger cities or more developed countries for employment opportunities. Many migrant workers are forced to leave their children at home with caregivers, particularly in families with both husband and wife working away from home. Studies worldwide have showed that, besides positive economic and social impacts, labor migrant parents also cause negative effects to the well-being of those they leave behind, especially children. However, this study orientation has not generated significant interest in Vietnam. Participants: This paper indicates the results of a survey on 469 left-behind children of labor migrant parents in rural areas by comparing them with a control group of 650 children living with their parents in three rural areas of North Vietnam including Phu Tho, Bac Ninh and Ha Nam provinces. Besides, we also survey 363 caregivers (parent or grandfather/grandmother of left-behind children) about psychological well-being of left-behind children. Method: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used for this study. SDQ was Vietnamized by author Dang Hoang Minh et al. (2013) and adaptable to Vietnamese teenagers. Results: As reported by the surveyed children, the SDQ mean total difficulties score of those having migrant parents was 12.55 (SD = 5.96) and 18.9% of these children had scores higher than the cut-off score. As rated by caregivers, they were 11.12 (SD = 5.14) and 15.1%, respectively. There is a statistically significant difference in mental health between the LBC and non-LBC group. The general trend is that the LBC reported to have higher scores of total difficulties and specific expressions including hyperactivity/inattention, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, conduct problems than that of non-LBC. Self-esteem and self-assessment of academic performance is the key factors affecting total difficulties of left-behind children.
Sedimentation of particulate material in stratified and nonstratified water columns in the Bombay High area of the Arabian Sea

Sedimentation of particulate material at 22, 42 and 62 m was recorded at a station in the Bombay High area of the Arabian Sea from September 1985 to March 1986. Diatom numbers and physical structure, especially thermal stratification, played an important role in controlling both magnitude of total flux and nature of sedimented material. Changes in suspended diatom numbers were, with some exceptions, reflected in the sedimented material caught by the traps. From September to March, mean sedimentation of total particulate material (TPM) and particulate inorganic material (PIM) increased with depth. Up to December, particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), particulate biogenic silica (PSI), chlorophyll a equivalents (Chl a equiv.), total particulate carbohydrates (TCHO) and the constituent fractions dilute alkali-soluble (AL-CHO) and residual carbohydrates (RS-CHO) increased and dilute acid-soluble carbohydrates (AC-CHO) decreased with depth. From January to March, however, mean sedimentation rates of POC, PON, PS1 and Chl a equiv. generally decreased with depth, whereas sedimentation fluxes of TCHO, AC-CHO, AL-CH0 and RSC H 0 decreased between 22 and 42 m and increased again at 62 m. Low POC/Chl a equiv. and POC/PSI ratios indicate that fairly fresh biogenic material settled during January to March when the water column was more or less homogeneous, as compared to September to December when the water column was thermally stratified. Sedimentation of organic carbon was correlated with sedimentation of biogenic silica, especially during January to March. There were positive and highly significant relationships between the flux of TCHO and those of TPM, POC. Chl a equiv. and Psi. From the latter 2 relationships, it was deduced that diatoms were the major source of TCHO at this station. High sedimentation of TPM was associated with high flux of organic carbon and TCHO. This may have a stimulatory effect on benthic organisms and may also enhance the chances of burial of organic matter in sediments.
Antifungal effects of two tropical plant leaf extracts (Ocimum gratissimum and Aframomum melegueta) on postharvest yam (Dioscorea spp.) rot

Effects of leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Aframomum melegueta on spore germination and mycelial reduction of the most occurring fungal pathogen causing soft rot of yam tuber were investigated. Fungi isolated from rotted yams were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium oxsporium Rhizopus stolonifer, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Penicillium chrysogenum. The leaf extracts with ethanol extraction were most effective followed by cold-water and hot water extraction. The fungicidal activity with Ocimum gratissimum leaf extracts was more effective. In vitro inoculation of fresh yam with A. niger, A. flavus and F. oxsporum at room temperature for 3 months showed typical rot symptoms characteristic of the disease. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to plant chemical or non-chemical means of disease control on yams in Africa.
Loss of compactness in nonlinear PDE: Recent trends

In the study of nonlinear elliptic PDEs, variational and topological methods are the essential tools to attack the existence question. They essentially rely on some compactness properties of the set of solutions or quasisolutions. As we explain below, such properties fail in general for a large class of interesting problems which are relevant in physical, biological and theoretical models. This fact has opened in the sixties a very rich line of research which is far from being exhausted yet. In this context, there are several typical issues which we can roughly resume as follows:
EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AS A DETERMINANT FACTOR ON EMPLOYEE DISENGAGEMENT IN PRIVATE ORGANIZATION IN KENYA (A CASE OF A NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION IN KENYA)

Many studies show that the working population can be divided into several categories; people who are engaged (loyal and productive), those who are not engaged (just putting in time), and those who are actively disengaged (unhappy and spreading their discontent). Employee commitment, productivity and retention issues are emerging as the most critical workforce management challenges of the immediate future, driven by employee loyalty concerns, corporate restructuring efforts. Productivity and retention generally fall further as employees become distracted, confused and preoccupied with potential outcomes following these transitions like restructuring, downsizing, mergers, acquisitions as well as even rapid growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate leadership style as a determinant factor to employee disengagement in private organizations in Kenya with a case study of a nongovernmental organization in Kenya from which the analysis of the research objectives can be used to analyze other private organizations. The study will on practical level equip private organizations with useful information on managing leadership of different teams within an organization. The other private and even governmental organizations can draw learning experiences from the study to implement in their workplaces to enhance their production and sales volumes. Descriptive survey was used in the study. The study used semi-structured questionnaire targeting a population of 420 employees with a sample size of 36. The study used stratified random sampling technique and primary data. The findings shared common similarities with the themes of literature review and confirmed that there is a relationship between disengagement and leadership styles. Employees can attain high level of satisfaction which is attributable to leadership, their styles and obligations towards employers. Results indicated the management ought to conduct attitude surveys that will include satisfaction level, interpersonal relations, communication and leadership styles and the interpretation used to influence employees’ actions towards work in order to change the status quo. Leaders need to build appreciation with and acquire personal values of those who are giving their energy and talent to accomplish the shared objectives. Key Words : Determinants, Employee Disengagement, Private Organizations, non-governmental institutions; leadership styles, charismatic leadership style, visionary leadership style, classic leadership style, transactional leadership style
Asymptotics of arbitrary order for a thin elastic clamped plate

This paper is the first of a series of two, where we study the asymptotics of the displacement in a thin clamped plate made of a rigid "monoclinic" material, as the thickness of the plate tends to O. The combination of a polynomial Ansatz (outer expansion) and of a boundary layer Ansatz (inner expansion) yields a complete multi-scale asymptotics of the displacement and leads to optimal error estimates in energy norm. We investigate the polynomial Ansatz in Part I, and the boundary layer Ansatz in Part II. If c denotes the small parameter in the geometry, we first construct the algorithm for an infinite "even" Ansatz involving only even powers of c, which is a natural extension of the usual Kirchhoff-Love Ansatz. The boundary conditions of the clamped plate being only satisfied at the order 0, we try to compensate for them by boundary layer terms: we rely on a result proved in Part II giving necessary and sufficient conditions for the exponential decay of such terms. In order to fulfill these conditions, the constructive algorithm for the boundary layer terms has to be combined with an "odd" polynomial Ansatz. The outcome is a two-scale asymptotics involving all nonnegative powers of c, the in-plane space variables Xu, the transverse scaled variable X3 and the quickly varying variable r / c where r is the distance to the clamped part of the boundary.
Wholesale price contract under fairness preference with random capacity and random demand

This paper investigates the effect of fairness preference on a dyadic supply chain with random capacity and random demand. Based on disadvantageous inequity aversion and advantageous inequity aversion, we establish the models of wholesale price contract with random capacity and stochastic demand. The retailer’s optimal ordering quantity is obtained. In addition, the impact of inequity aversion on the optimal order quantity and the supply chain coordination are also analyzed. We finally present numerical examples to illustrate the theoretical results. The results show that the wholesale price contract can’t achieve supply chain coordination for the risk-neutral retailer. However, when the retailer has extreme advantageous inequity aversion, the wholesale price contract can improve the profit of the whole supply chain and coordinate the supply chain.
Assessing determinate and presumptive sentencing—Making research relevant*

As of 2002, 17 states had switched from “indeterminate” to “determinate” sentencing (i.e., eliminating parole and requiring judges to order definite-length sentences), 18 states and the federal courts operated “presumptive sentencing” systems restricting judicial discretion (9 “offensebased” systems like that in Ohio and 9 with grid-based “guidelines”), and 8 states had developed “voluntary” guidelines (Stemen, Rengifo, and Wilson, 2005). 1 In addition, every state had one or more “mandatory minimums” (most often for drug and weapon offenses) and minimum time-served requirements (i.e., “truth in sentencing”), and 80% of states had adopted habitual offender statutes (e.g., “three strikes”). The most sweeping of these reforms, the determinate and presumptive sentencing systems, sought a variety of policy objectives, most notably to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities (gender disparity has been of less concern to lawmakers) and to ensure that punishment is based primarily on offense severity, criminal history, or other factors deemed legally relevant by state legislatures. In some instances, lawmakers explicitly sought to increase imprisonment for certain offenders, and some states sought to use guidelines as a tool for limiting growth in their prison populations (Marvell and Moody, 1996). With the exception of changes in parole and truth-insentencing laws, these reforms have been aimed at regulating the sentencing practices of judges.
BIRD COMMUNITY SUCCESSION AFTER FIRE IN A DRY MEDI- TERRANEAN SHRUBLAND

) started bird successional stud-ies in the Mediterranean Basin and showed thattrends in bird populations were dependent on howvegetation regenerated. Thus, bird communitiesreached pre-fire species composition faster in are-as where trees sprouted from main branches (e.g.the Cork OakQuercus suber) than in those wherefire killed the aerial parts of plants (e.g. the HolmOak Quercus ilex). Prodon et al.(
Epistemological differences and new technology in construction

New technology within the construction industry originates from appeals to replicate the efficiencies seen in other sectors such as automation and manufacturing and construction firms are increasingly engaging in collaborative research and development (R&D) projects with sector specialists. These R&D projects create new communities of practice with a shared collection of knowledge, experience, and problem-solving approaches representing the disparate expertise of each member contributing to the development of new and innovative technological solutions. However, fundamental epistemological differences between the collaborating firms can hinder this process. Shared knowledge and experience to develop ideas is not easily communicated across a project team within which each member possesses a differing approach to understanding the common problem. This paper presents early research engagement in an R&D project investigating the potential of utilising Flexible Robotic Assembly Modules in the Built Environment (FRAMBE). Challenges observed to date during the process of developing FRAMBE as a technological solution are described. This paper aims to exemplify communication issues within cross-sector R&D projects to argue that boundary objects offer a means to consider the epistemological differences within communities of practice, establish a common understanding of the problem, and therefore ways in which to resolve issues surrounding technology development.
VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE METHOD FOR MONITORING AERIAL ACTIVITY OF SPIDERS

Abstract Many species of spider disperse by ballooning (aerial dispersal), and indices of aerial activity are required in studies of population dynamics and biological control in field crops where spider immigrants are needed for pest suppression. Current methods (e.g., suction traps, sticky traps, deposition traps) of monitoring aerial activity are very labor-intensive, expensive, or require a power supply. We tested Ballooning Index (BI), an alternative, simple method utilizing inexpensive equipment. This method involved the monitoring of spiders climbing an array of 30 cm tall wooden sticks placed vertically in short turf. During a two-year study in arable land in the UK, the incidence of spiders (mainly Linyphiidae) on sticks was correlated with the numbers caught at 1.4 m and 12.2 m above ground in suction traps. Climbing activity on sticks was greater during the morning than in the afternoon, and this activity started progressively earlier in summer than in winter. There was no seasonal change in the proportion of spiders caught at the two heights in suction traps. The pattern of catches (on sticks and in suction traps) suggested strongly that the majority of ballooning spiders dispersed by a number of short flights, rather than by a single long flight, and that segregation of immigrants and emigrants is not possible by any current method. The BI method appears to be, however, a simple and reliable technique for monitoring the overall aerial activity of ballooning spiders.
Benchmarking in TESOL: A Study of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013

Benchmarking is a very common real-life function occurring every moment unnoticed. It has travelled from industry to education like other quality disciplines. Initially benchmarking was used in higher education. Now it is diffusing into other areas including TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), which has yet to devise a comprehensive framework of assessment of a given TESOL provision, for instance that of Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013. This paper is derived from the author’s research into improvement of TESOL, Curriculum in Lahore, Pakistan, based upon a comparative analysis of TESOL in Birmingham, United Kingdom. In the research, many benchmarks were drawn from a detailed comparative analysis and synthesis of extant literature, leading to the development and codification of quality characteristics and standards. Eventually, result was “TESOL Quality Audit Framework” that can be a prelude to improving learning and teaching strategies, staff, curriculum and institutional performance. In addition, the high impact benchmarks were used to formulate TESOL curriculum fit-for Malaysian preschool children (4-7 year olds) and teachers. A detailed worked example based upon four selected benchmarks, emphasizing use of one-day real-life project is illustrated. These projects have been utilized successfully to step-up the learning of both children and their teachers since 2000. The potential users of this workable framework consist of preschool and primary school children, teachers, TESOL teachers, curriculum policy makers and English curriculum coordinators, trainee preschool and primary school teachers, ministries and the departments dealing with pre-schoolers and younger children.
Emplacement pressure conditions of Gennargentu Igneous Complex two mica granites, central Sardinia, Italy

Scarcity of peraluminous granites in the Sardinia-Corsica batholith is a distinctive petrographic feature of this sector of the Hercynian orogenic chain. The granites of the Gennargentu Igneous Complex (hereafter GIC), completely isolated from the more common calcalkaline granites, are one of the few cases of pure crusta! origin, peraluminous granite suite in Sardinia. GIC includes, in order of emplacement, three mai n peraluminous units: a) (G2M) two-mica, biotite­ dominant monzogranite and granodiorite (normative corundum =2.3); b) (L2M) two-mica leucogranite (normative corundum =2.6); c) (LGM) muscovite­ dominant leucogranite