Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AtDGK2, a Novel Diacylglycerol Kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana, Phosphorylates 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol and 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycerol and Exhibits Cold-inducible Gene Expression*

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Both DAG and PA are implicated in signal transduction pathways. DGKs have been widely studied in animals, but their analysis in plants is fragmentary. Here, we report the cloning and biochemical characterization of AtDGK2, encoding DGK from Arabidopsis thaliana. AtDGK2 has a predicted molecular mass of 79.4 kDa and, like AtDGK1 previously reported, harbors two copies of a phorbol ester/DAG-binding domain in its N-terminal region. AtDGK2 belongs to a family of seven DGK genes in A. thaliana. AtDGK3 to AtDGK7 encode ∼55-kDa DGKs that lack a typical phorbol ester/DAG-binding domain. Phylogenetically, plant DGKs fall into three clusters. Members of all three clusters are widely expressed in vascular plants. Recombinant AtDGK2 was expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. The enzyme phosphorylated 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol to yield PA, exhibiting Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. Estimated Km and Vmax values were 125 μm for DAG and 0.25 pmol of PA min-1 μg-1, respectively. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 7.2. Its activity was Mg2+-dependent and affected by the presence of detergents, salts, and the DGK inhibitor R59022, but not by Ca2+. AtDGK2 exhibited substrate preference for unsaturated DAG analogues (i.e. 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol). The AtDGK2 gene is expressed in various tissues of the Arabidopsis plant, including leaves, roots, and flowers, as shown by Northern blot analysis and promoter-reporter gene fusions. We found that AtDGK2 is induced by exposure to low temperature (4 °C), pointing to a role in cold signal transduction.
Metric Selection for Software Defect Prediction

Real-world software systems are becoming larger, more complex, and much more unpredictable. Software systems face many risks in their life cycles. Software practitioners strive to improve software quality by constructing defect prediction models using metric (feature) selection techniques. Finding faulty components in a software system can lead to a more reliable final system and reduce development and maintenance costs. This paper presents an empirical study of six commonly used filter-based software metric rankers and our proposed ensemble technique using rank ordering of the features (mean or median), applied to three large software projects using five commonly used learners. The classification accuracy was evaluated in terms of the AUC (Area Under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) Curve) performance metric. Results demonstrate that the ensemble technique performed better overall than any individual ranker and also possessed better robustness. The empirical study also shows that variations among rankers, learners and software projects significantly impacted the classification outcomes, and that the ensemble method can smooth out performance.
Muscle synergy of biceps brachii and online classification of upper limb posture

For someone who has suffered from a partial arm amputation, muscular surface electromyographic (EMG) signals are usually used to control a myoelectric prosthesis. To learn how to satisfactorily control the prosthesis, software programs can be very useful. We present here a program, of which 5 EMG signals collected across the biceps brachii are decoded to produce signals that either make a simulator replicate the arm posture or control the position of a small humanoid manipulator. In the program, following a phase where muscle synergies are extracted from a training trial, the learned features are then used to classify the following arm postures taken by the subject. The mean classification performance for 56 different two-class paired arm postures is 94.9% for 2 normal subjects. Following further testing with normal and amputee subjects, the system could eventually be used in rehabilitation centers where upper limb amputees want to use a myoelectric prosthesis.
Effects of forage and protein source on feedlot performance and carcass traits of Holstein and crossbred beef steers.

Fifty-eight Holstein and 58 crossbred beef steers were individually fed one of four isonitrogenous diets to evaluate the effects of forage source (corn silage and alfalfa haylage) and protein source (soybean meal and fish meal) on feedlot performance. Phase 1 diets (up to 354 kg of BW) were 40% forage and 60% concentrates and were fed for 70 to 136 d (depending on diet and breed group). Phase 2 diets (354 kg of BW until slaughter) were 20% forage and 80% concentrates and were fed for 127 to 150 d (depending on diet and breed group). Slaughter end points were . 6 cm of 12th rib fat for Holsteins and 1.0 cm of rib fat for crossbreds using real-time ultrasonic estimates. The steers were fed for a maximum of 330 d each year. Forage source was a significant component of variation for most growth, efficiency, and carcass traits. Holstein and crossbred steers fed alfalfa haylage had significantly lower average daily gain, feed efficiency, dressing percentage, and empty body fat and required more days on feed to reach slaughter end points, but had higher total feed energy intake available for production. Steers fed corn silage diets had significantly greater energetic efficiency (P less than .05) than those fed alfalfa haylage, due to increased use of ME to produce fat in the carcass. Protein type did not influence gain, feed or energetic efficiency, energy intake, or most carcass traits. A significant protein system x forage source interaction among the four diets was detected for crossbred steers fed corn silage and fish meal, for which there was significantly greater feed conversion with lower energy intake above maintenance, possibly due to better fiber digestion and(or) amino acid flow to the lower tract. Alfalfa haylage plus soybean meal diets decreased (P less than .05) the percentage of Holsteins grading USDA Choice or higher. These results indicate that corn silage, because of greater energy concentration, was a more desirable forage in feedlot diets composed of less than or equal to 40% forage and that protein type (soybean meal and fish meal) in growing diets is not an important factor in feedlot performance or carcass traits of Holstein or crossbred steers that are fed these diets.
Neoclassical Growth and Commodity Trade 1

We construct a dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin model in which the initial distribution of production factors across economies makes factor price equalization impossible. The model produces dynamics similar to those of the neoclassical growth model. However, free trade prevents identically parameterized economies from achieving identical steady states. Although poor economies grow faster than rich economies during the transition to the steady state, the former do not catch up with the income per capita levels of the latter. A manycountry version of the model exempli es the open-economy neoclassical growth models ability to produce interesting distribution dynamics of income per capita.
Tissue granuloma structure‐function in experimental visceral leishmaniasis

In experimental visceral leishmaniasis in normal mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6) acquired resistance to Leishmania donovani, a protozoan which targets tissue macrophages, depends upon T cells, Th1 cell‐type cytokine generation and activated mononuclear phagocytes. In the intact host, initial control and eventual resolution of L. donovani hepatic infection in normal mice is expressed by and accomplished within well‐formed, mature tissue granulomas. In the liver, these immunologically active, inflammatory structures are assembled around a core of fused, parasitized resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) which come to be encircled by both cytokine‐secreting T cells and influxing leishmanicidal blood monocytes. This pro‐host defense granuloma structure‐function relationship, in which histologically mature granulomas provide the microenvironment for intracellular L. donovani killing, however, is only one of seven which have been identified through experimental modifications in this model. This report reviews these structure‐function relationships and illustrates the broad spectrum of additional possible responses. These responses range from structurally intact granulomas which provide no antileishmanial function (the ‘ineffective’ granuloma), to enlarged granulomas which show enhanced parasite killing (the ‘hypertrophied’ granuloma), to effective antileishmanial activity in the absence of any tissue reaction (the ‘invisible’ granuloma).
Prevention of adjuvant arthritis in rats by a nonapeptide from the 65‐kD mycobacterial heat‐shock protein

Adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats is a model of T cell‐mediated autoimmune arthritis resembling human rheumatoid arthritis. A nonapeptide from the 65‐kD heat‐shock protein of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, amino acid sequence 180–188, has been described to carry the dominant immunogenic epitope(s) for both arthritis‐protective and arthritogenic T cell clones. Here we demonstrate that immunizations with the synthetic nonapeptide completely protected rats against adjuvant arthritis induced by M. tuberculosis. Interestingly, deletion of the N‐teminal threonine of the nonapeptide resulted in loss of the protective activity. Pretreatments with the nonapeptide resulted in an immune response to the nonapeptide and to M. tuberculosis. After immunizations with the synthetic nonapeptide, only low titres of nonapcptidc‐spccific antibodies were produced, whereas a significant cellular immune response to the nonapeptide was observed. In addition, the protection was transferable to naive rats by spleen T cells. These findings document the requirement of a T cell‐specific immune response to the dominant epitope of the 65‐kD mycobacterial heat‐shock protein for the protection against adjuvant arthritis and suggest the feasibility of immune intervention in autoimmune arthritis through the use of synthetic peptides.
Skin heat dissipation: the influence of diabetes, skin thickness, and subcutaneous fat thickness.

BACKGROUND It is well established that diabetes impairs vascular endothelial function. However, the impact of impaired endothelial function on thermal conductivity of the skin, especially in relation to a constant versus a sudden heat stress, has not been established. Further, there is some evidence that aging reduces skin dermal thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness. Since these are important determinates of heat dissipation by the skin, these parameters also need to be examined in people with diabetes. METHODS Ninety subjects (30 younger individuals, 30 patients with diabetes, and 30 patients age-matched to the diabetes subjects) participated in two series of experiments to determine (1) the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer and skin thickness and the skin response to a sudden heat stress and (2) the response to a continuous heat stress on the lower back. Skin thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness were assessed by ultrasound, and skin blood flow was examined by infrared laser Doppler flow meter. RESULTS People with diabetes had significantly less resting blood flow, blood flow in response to a single or continuous heat load, less subcutaneous fat, and thinner skin than either age-matched controls or younger people (P < 0.05). Subjects with diabetes also had the lowest concentration of red blood cells in their skin, implying a reduction in the number of capillaries in the skin. CONCLUSIONS Thinning of the skin and probably a reduction in capillaries in the dermal layer contribute to a reduction in the blood flow response to heat. People with diabetes, in particular, have reduced skin heat dissipation because of less resting blood flow and thinner skin than that seen in age-matched controls.
Hyperuricemic acute renal failure.

Sixteen patients with hyperuricemic acute renal failure were treated or had their cases reviewed. Eleven of the patients were treated with dialysis and five were treated conservatively. The prognosis is excellent, as all survived acute renal failure, and renal function rapidly returned to normal after lowering of the uric acid level with dialysis. Dehydration and ureteral obstruction were rare causes of acute renal failure, and prophylactic allopurinol and potent diuretics were not always successful in preventing or aborting it. A high phosphorus-to-uric-acid ratio occurred where hyperuricemic acute renal failure occurred as a complication of chemotherapy with precipitous falls in peripheral white blood cell counts. Hemodialysis is the treatment of choice, being 10 to 20 times more efficient than peritoneal dialysis in the removal of uric acid, and there is no disequilibrium even with rapid hemodialysis.
Identification of the structural gene encoding the SH-activated hemolysin of Listeria monocytogenes: listeriolysin O is homologous to streptolysin O and pneumolysin

By immunoblotting with an antiserum raised against purified listeriolysin O, we have detected the presence of a truncated protein of 52 kilodaltons in culture supernatants of a Tn1545-induced nonhemolytic mutant of Listeria monocytogenes (J.L. Gaillard, P. Berche, and P. Sansonetti, Infect. Immun. 52:50-55, 1986). The region of insertion of the transposon has been cloned and sequenced. The transposon had inserted in an open reading frame the listeriolysin O gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of this open reading frame revealed that listeriolysin O is homologous to streptolysin O and pneumolysin, although homologies were not detectable at the DNA level.
Testing the no-hair theorem with black hole ringdowns using TIGER

The Einstein Telescope, a proposed third-generation gravitational-wave observatory, would enable tests of the no-hair theorem by looking at the characteristic frequencies and damping times of black hole ringdown signals. In previous work it was shown that with a single $500--1000\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ black hole at a distance $\ensuremath{\lesssim}6$ Gpc (or redshift $z\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$), deviations of a few percent in the frequencies and damping times of dominant and subdominant modes would be within the range of detectability. Given that such sources may be relatively rare, it is of interest to see how well the no-hair theorem can be tested with events at much larger distances and with smaller signal-to-noise ratios, thus accessing a far bigger volume of space and a larger number of sources. We employ a model-selection scheme called TIGER (Test Infrastructure for GEneral Relativity), which was originally developed to test general relativity with weak binary coalescence signals that will be seen in second-generation detectors, such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. TIGER is well suited for the regime of low signal-to-noise ratios, and information from a population of sources can be combined so as to arrive at a stronger test. By performing a range of simulations using the expected noise power spectral density of the Einstein Telescope, we show that with TIGER, similar deviations from the no-hair theorem (such as those considered in previous works) will be detectable with great confidence using $\mathcal{O}(10)$ sources distributed uniformly in a comoving volume out to $50\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Gpc}\text{ }(z\ensuremath{\lesssim}5)$.
Effects of total parenteral nutrition on renal function in preterm neonate ; Erken doğmuş yenidoğanlarda total parenteral beslenmenin böbrek işlevleri üzerine etkileri

Sum mary Aim: The aim of this study was to establish serum sistatine C, urine β2 microglobulin, gluthatione-S -transferase π and N-acetyle β-D glucosaminidase levels in order to evaluate the effect of total parenteral nutrition on renal function in premature infants. In addition, we aimed to compare the renal functions between premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition and control groups receiving enteral feeding. Material and Method: A hundred four premature infants with a gestational age between 28 and 34 weeks were included in the study. The parenteral nutrition group consisted of 50 infants (male/female; 23/27 and mean weight 1258±212.3 g) and the enteral nutrition group consisted of 54 infants (male/female; 20/34 and mean weight 1608±206.1 g). In the parenteral nutrition group; total parenteral group nutrition was initiated on the 3rd day in the enteral nutrition group, minimal enteral nutrition was started on a mean of 6.3±2.4 days and total enteral nutrition was started on a mean of 24.5±6.3 days. Breastmilk was given orally or by orogastric/nasogastric tube at first day of life in the enteral group. On the 3rd and 30th day of life, blood samples of all patients were obtained for evaluating biochemical parameters and cystatin C and urine samples were obtained for evaluation of N-acetyl β-D glucosaminidase, gluthatione-S-transferase π, β2 microglobulin, sodium, creatinin levels, density and pH of the urine. The study was approved by the ethics commite (2008/16). Results: When we compared the patients who received total parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition on the 3rd and 30th days, serum cystatin C, urinary β2 microglobulin, gluthatione-S-transferase π and N-acetylβ-D glucosaminidase excretions were similar on the 3rd day however were significantly higher on the 30th day in samples of the patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (p<0.05 for each parameter on each day). Conclusions: This study shows that total parenteral nutrition in premature infants can have adverse effects on glomerular and tubular functions of the kidney which can be manifested at an early time with cystatin C, β2 microglobulin, gluthatione-S-transferase π and N-acetyl β-D glucosaminidase. (Turk Arch Ped 2012; 47: 244-249)
Proto-oncogene Activity of Melanoma Antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) Regulates Retinoblastoma-related p107 and E2F1 Proteins*

Background: Primate-specific melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) increases steroid receptor transcriptional activity and enhances prostate cancer cell growth. Results: MAGE-A11 activates E2F1 by interacting with retinoblastoma-related protein p107. Conclusion: MAGE-A11 influences cell cycle regulatory pathways in a molecular hub for transcription. Significance: MAGE-A11 is a proto-oncogene whose increased expression impacts multiple signaling mechanisms that contribute to prostate cancer growth and progression. Melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) is a low-abundance, primate-specific steroid receptor coregulator in normal tissues of the human reproductive tract that is expressed at higher levels in prostate cancer. Increased expression of MAGE-A11 enhances androgen receptor transcriptional activity and promotes prostate cancer cell growth. Further investigation into the mechanisms of MAGE-A11 function in prostate cancer demonstrated interactions with the retinoblastoma-related protein p107 and Rb tumor suppressor but no interaction with p130 of the Rb family. MAGE-A11 interaction with p107 was associated with transcriptional repression in cells with low MAGE-A11 and transcriptional activation in cells with higher MAGE-A11. Selective interaction of MAGE-A11 with retinoblastoma family members suggested the regulation of E2F transcription factors. MAGE-A11 stabilized p107 by inhibition of ubiquitination and linked p107 to hypophosphorylated E2F1 in association with the stabilization and activation of E2F1. The androgen receptor and MAGE-A11 modulated endogenous expression of the E2F1-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. The ability of MAGE-A11 to increase E2F1 transcriptional activity was similar to the activity of adenovirus early oncoprotein E1A and depended on MAGE-A11 interactions with p107 and p300. The immunoreactivity of p107 and MAGE-A11 was greater in advanced prostate cancer than in benign prostate, and knockdown with small inhibitory RNA showed that p107 is a transcriptional activator in prostate cancer cells. These results suggest that MAGE-A11 is a proto-oncogene whose increased expression in prostate cancer reverses retinoblastoma-related protein p107 from a transcriptional repressor to a transcriptional activator of the androgen receptor and E2F1.
The Relationship between the Stochastic Maximum Principle and the Dynamic Programming in Singular Control of Jump Diffusions

The main objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between the stochastic maximum principle (SMP in short) and dynamic programming principle (DPP in short), for singular control problems of jump diffusions. First, we establish necessary as well as sufficient conditions for optimality by using the stochastic calculus of jump diffusions and some properties of singular controls. Then, we give, under smoothness conditions, a useful verification theorem and we show that the solution of the adjoint equation coincides with the spatial gradient of the value function, evaluated along the optimal trajectory of the state equation. Finally, using these theoretical results, we solve explicitly an example, on optimal harvesting strategy, for a geometric Brownian motion with jumps.
Wireless Sensor Networks Optimal Node Placement by Soft-Computing

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are now becoming an evolving technology and being vastly used in industries, engineering science, and military areas. To make this technology more commonly available; certain aspects of WSN need to be considered. This research paper shows how the PSO method is better than the genetic algorithm for verifying the proposed architecture of WSN. The major issues highlighted in this study are field coverage and network energy. Genetic algorithm is good at verifying the proposed optimized WSN architecture but the results stated in this paper show that the PSO method is a much better contender at verifying results.
Pregnancy Outcome in Maturity Onset Diabetes at Young Age (MODY)

EDITORIAL COMMENT: The point of this paper is that the authors wish to classify separately those patients aged less than 25 years known to be diabetic before the onset of pregnancy, who when not pregnant can be managed without insulin — presumably these patients can maintain normal blood sugar levels by diet alone when not pregnant. The authors have not explained why age is a criterion for classification. In other words the MODY group of diabetics are a subgroup of noninsulin dependent diabetics (type 2) who previously have been divided into nonobese and obese groups. The 1978 update of White's classification of pregnant women with diabetes has 15 categories and ‘its increasing complexity may have impaired its usefulness’1. This warning is quoted so that we do not become distracted front the principles of obstetric management of diabetics: (1) prepreghancy counselling with stabilization of blood glucose levels before conception (2) good pregnancy control (3) monitoring of fetal condition in late pregnancy (oestriol assay, cardiotocography, ultrasonography) and (4) timing of delivery according to maternal and fetal condition. Unless obstetric complications dictate earlier intervention, pregnancy is allowed to go to full term (40 weeks). If insulin is required we favour induction of labour at 38 weeks' gestation after amniocentesis for estimation of the L/S ratio; before any elective induction the L/S ratio should be measured if there is doubt about fetal maturity.