Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating Virtual Water Trade in Crops for Saudi Arabia

Using the concept of virtual water introduced by Allan 1994 and developed by Hoekstra and Hung (2002), we estimate virtual water trade for 20 crops of Saudi Arabia during 2000-2016. Our result shows the average virtual water trade was 12.6 billion m3/year. Saudi had net virtual water imports, with the most significant virtual water import for cereals & alfalfa and vegetable; and there is a virtual water export of fruit. Saudi virtual water trade reduced pressure on water resources by 54%. Distance plays a role in Saudi virtual water export; we found that more than 90% of exports go to neighboring countries, including 45% to GCC countries. On the other hand, more than 40% of virtual water imports came from Asia.
Changes in the Prevalence of Auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae among Black and White Patients Attending a Clinic for Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Before 1978, isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from white patients attending a venereal disease clinic were more susceptible to penicillin G than were isolates from black patients, because the whites were more frequently infected with the Arg- Hyx- Ura- auxotype that was highly susceptible to penicillin. Recent isolates from the same clinic show a change both in the auxotypes and in the penicillin susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae infecting the two patient groups. Of 211 isolates studied in 1978, the four most common auxotypes were, in decreasing frequency: Pro-, nonrequiring, Arg- Hyx- Ura- and Arg-. In the present study of 265 isolates, the order of frequency was nonrequiring; Pro-; Pro- Arg-(Orn*) Ura-; and Arg- Hyx- Ura-. The Pro- Arg-(Orn*) Ura- auxotype was new to the clinic and was significantly more frequent in white than in black patients and significantly more resistant to penicillin than were gonococci of the remaining auxotypes. With the appearance of the Pro- Arg-(Orn*) Ura- auxotype among white patients, there was no significant difference in the susceptibility to penicillin of isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from the two groups of patients.
Does Mandating Social Insurance Affect Entrepreneurial Activity?

This paper estimates the effect of relaxing the social insurance mandate on entrepreneurial activity using rich administrative data from Finland. We find that relaxing the social insurance mandate leads entrepreneurs to reduce their contributions by 16 percent, which they channel instead into their firms. While young firms use the saved cash to increase their sales by 11 percent and labor costs by 6 percent, older firms use it to improve their net lending position by purchasing stocks. Our results imply that the impact of the social insurance mandate on business activity is heterogeneous and depends on the age of the firm. (JEL H55, J32, L26)
The Human GLP-1 Analogs Liraglutide and Semaglutide: Absence of Histopathological Effects on the Pancreas in Nonhuman Primates

Increased pancreas mass and glucagon-positive adenomas have been suggested to be a risk associated with sitagliptin or exenatide therapy in humans. Novo Nordisk has conducted extensive toxicology studies, including data on pancreas weight and histology, in Cynomolgus monkeys dosed with two different human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. In a 52-week study with liraglutide, a dose-related increase in absolute pancreas weight was observed in female monkeys only. Such dose-related increase was not found in studies of 4, 13, or 87 weeks’ duration. No treatment-related histopathological abnormalities were observed in any of the studies. Quantitative histology of the pancreas from the 52-week study showed an increase in the exocrine cell mass in liraglutide-dosed animals, with normal composition of endocrine and exocrine cellular compartments. Proliferation rate of the exocrine tissue was low and comparable between groups. Endocrine cell mass and proliferation rates were unaltered by liraglutide treatment. Semaglutide showed no increase in pancreas weight and no treatment-related histopathological findings in the pancreas after 13 or 52 weeks’ dosing. Overall, results in 138 nonhuman primates showed no histopathological changes in the pancreas associated with liraglutide or semaglutide, two structurally different GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Laser Peripheral Iridotomy versus Trabeculectomy as an Initial Treatment for Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Purpose To compare laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) with trabeculectomy as an initial treatment for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) ≥ 6 clock hours. Methods Patients were drawn from two randomized controlled trials. 38 eyes of 38 patients (PAS ≥ 6 clock hours) were treated with LPI (group 1) while 111 eyes of 111 PACG patients (PAS ≥ 6 clock hours) underwent primary trabeculectomy (group 2). All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination at baseline and at postoperative visits and were followed up for a minimum of one year. Results Group 2 had higher baseline IOP (45.7 ± 14.8 mmHg versus 34.3 ± 14.3 mmHg) than group 1 and more clock hours of PAS (10.4 ± 1.9 versus 9.0 ± 2.2). IOPs at all postoperative visits were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 (p = 0.000). Five eyes in group 1 required trabeculectomy. 17 of the 38 eyes in group 1 (44.7%) required IOP-lowering medications as compared to seven of the 111 eyes in group 2 (6.3%). Cataract progression was documented in 2 eyes (5.3%) in group 1 and 16 eyes (14.4%) in group 2. Conclusions Primary trabeculectomy for PACG (PAS ≥ 6 clock hours) is more effective than LPI in lowering IOP.
An Assessment of the Impact of Business Plan Competitions on Enterprise Development in Kenya: A Case Study of Chora Bizna Enablish LaunchPad

The purpose of the study was to establish the impact of business plan competitions (BPCs) on enterprise development as measured by number of new ventures created and sustained, number and value of jobs created, revenue turnover growth and value of assets. The BPC was dubbed “Chora Bizna Enablis LaunchPad”. The study used a quasi-experimental design. The target population was the top 100 national finalists who undertook a one week intensive training at Multimedia University. The accessible population was 52 finalists, of which 45 successfully responded. This number was used as the test group. A matched sample of non-participants was drawn from small business owners in Nairobi County. Data was analysed using SPSS. The results revealed that out of the 45 national finalists interviewed, 35 went ahead to implement their business plans, creating employment for 210 people who earned a total monthly salary of over 4 million Kenya shillings. Their enterprises were posting an aggregate of 13.8 million Kenya shillings in revenue every month, and the entrepreneurs reported an accumulated value of assets estimated at a total of 518 million Kenya shillings. On average, each participant in the BPC employed more than twice the number of employees reported by non-participants and disbursed nearly double the average total monthly salaries reported by non-participants. Similarly, the average revenue of BPC participants quadrupled that of non-participants. BPC participants also reported significantly higher average value of accumulated assets compared to non-participants. Therefore, such competitions are effective for fostering enterprise development and more should be held.
Lanthanide Bimetallic Helicates forin VitroImaging and Sensing

As the need for targeting luminescent biolabels increases, for mapping selected analytes, imaging of cells and organs, and tracking in cellulo processes, lanthanide bimetallic helicates are emerging as versatile bioprobes. The wrapping of three ligand strands around two metallic centers by self‐assembly affords robust molecular edifices with tunable chemical and photophysical properties. In addition, heterometallic helical chelates can be assembled leading to bioprobes with inherent chiral properties. In this paper, we review the literature demonstrating that neutral [Ln2(LCX)3] (x = 1–3) helicates represent a viable alternative to existing chelating agents for bio‐analyses, while featuring specific enhanced properties. These bimetallic chelates self‐assemble in water, and at physiological pH the 2:3 (Ln:LCX) complex is by far the dominant species, conditional stability constants logβ23 being in the range 23–30. The metal ions are 9‐coordinate and lie in sites with slightly distorted D3 symmetry. Efficient protection from water interaction by the tightly wrapped ligand strands results in sizeable photophysical properties, with quantum yields up to 24% for EuIII and 11% for TbIII, while the luminescence of several other visible and/or near‐infrared emitting LnIII ions is also sensitized. Noncytotoxicity for all the helicates is established for several living cell lines including HeLa, HaCat, MCF‐7, 5D10, and Jurkat. We present new data pertaining to the live cell imaging ability of [Eu2(LC1)3] and compare the three systems with x = 1–3 with respect to thermodynamic stability, photophysics, cell‐permeation ability, and targeting capability for sensing in cellulo processes. Prospects of derivatization for characterizing specific biological interactions are discussed.
Functional Lateralization of the Perception of Norwegian Word Tones - Evidence from a Dichotic Listening Experiment

The present paper addresses the question of the functional lateralization of the ability to perceive the tonal distinctions in tone languages. Dichotic listening experiments and investigations of the brain-damaged population have indicated that the left hemisphere is more active than the right in the perception of tone in East Asian tone languages like Mandarin Chinese and Thai. Two dichotic listening experiments involving speakers of Norwegian, a language with an opposition of two tones, have demonstrated a right-ear superiority in the perception of the tonal distinction, indicating left-hemisphere lateralization of the ability to perceive tonal distinctions in Norwegian as well as in the East Asian tone languages that have been previously investigated.
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) in cardiogenic shock

Purpose of reviewDespite developments in treatment of myocardial infarction, mortality rates in cardiogenic shock remain unacceptably high. Intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) is to date the most used device for hemodynamic support, but randomized evidence on survival benefit was lacking. Recent findingsA recently published meta-analysis with hints for higher mortality after primary percutaneous intervention challenged the previous high-grade recommendations for IABP. Therefore the use in cardiogenic shock was downgraded in the last versions of European and American guidelines from a class I to a class IIa and IIb recommendation, respectively. Furthermore, a large scale randomized trial found no benefit on 30-day mortality in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. This result was supported by a lack of difference in all subgroups and secondary endpoints. SummaryIn cardiogenic shock, no general recommendation for IABP can be given. In the next revision of current guidelines, recent randomized trial results should be incorporated. Further research is needed to develop optional treatments in cardiogenic shock or to gain validated algorithms for use of active assist devices.
Let Our Voices Be Heard: Urban Minority Adolescents Share Their Perspectives regarding Substance Abuse and HIV/AIDS Prevention Messages

Purpose. This study explored the substance abuse and human immunodeficiency virus prevention needs of urban minority adolescents. Design. Six 1-hour focus groups. Setting. Two high schools and two community-based organizations located in the city of Paterson, New Jersey. Participants. The sample included 41 African-American and Latino youth, ranging in ages from 13 to 18 years. Method. Data were collected through six focus group interviews. Each group discussion was audio-recorded and transcribed. Qualitative software was then used to facilitate the processes of thematic analysis, until emergent themes transcended the data. To bolster the rigor and confirmability of analysis, additional researchers coded stratified selections of transcript. Results. Study participants were able to identify the environmental threats and structural deficits impacting their city. Few of the youth were able to recognize substance abuse and HIV/AIDS prevention messages in their immediate surroundings. Additionally, most participants indicated that prevention messages must be delivered in authentic ways from relatable sources in order to resonate with their audience. Conclusion. Our findings emphasize the importance of infusing the adolescents' voices into the design and implementation of health promotion messages, which could serve to increase their receptivity and responsiveness, and the overall resonance of the interventions.
Project Managers’ Competencies and Leadership Styles from the Perspective of Organizations Functioning in Poland

The aim of the article is to present the issue of project manager competencies and project leadership styles which occur in different types of project-oriented organizations, i.e., the strictly project-oriented organizations (implementing projects for external clients) and organizations that manage projects for internal purposes. The subject literature studies and empirical research results conducted in 100 enterprises were used to accomplish the above-defined goal. The authors discussed the specific nature of project-oriented work and the specificity of project team management. A literature review on project manager competencies and project leadership styles was conducted. Three important competencies were identified that differentiate project managers between those working in strictly project-oriented organizations and those working in organizations which perform project-based management for internal purposes, i.e., achievement orientation, sensitivity teamwork and cooperation. The analysis of applied and desired leadership styles indicated a preference by project team members for a democratic leadership style, in particular during the project implementation phase, in both types of project-oriented organizations.
Biomechanical Analysis of a Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

We hypothesized that posterior cruciate ligament reconstructions are often compromised by associated injuries to the posterolateral structures. Therefore, we evaluated a posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in isolated and combined injury models using a robotic/ universal force-moment sensor testing system. The resulting knee kinematics and the in situ forces in the native and reconstructed posterior cruciate ligament were determined under four external loading conditions. In the isolated injury model, reconstruction reduced posterior tibial translation to within 1.5 1.3 to 2.4 1.4 mm of the intact knee at 30° and 90° under a 134-N posterior tibial load. In the combined injury model, deficiency of the posterolateral structures increased posterior tibial translation of the reconstructed knee by 6.0 2.7 mm at 30° and 4.6 1.5 mm at 90° of flexion. External rotation increased up to 14° while varus rotation increased up to 7°. In situ forces in the posterior cruciate ligament graft also increased significantly (by 22% to 150%) for all loading conditions. Our results demonstrate that a graft that restores knee kinematics for an isolated posterior cruciate ligament deficiency is rendered ineffective and may be overloaded if the posterolateral structures are deficient. Therefore, surgical reconstruction of both structures is recommended in the setting of a combined injury.
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIABEL KINERJA BANK (CAR, ROA, BOPO DAN LDR), SERTA PERTUMBUHAN KREDIT DAN KUALITAS KREDIT TERHADAP NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL)

Credit is the main activity and used to be the largest source of income for the Conventional Commercial Bank, so it requires more attention for the crediting activity when considering that any banking activity is always exposed to various risks. Even though the bank's management has made various efforts to control the lending process, the banks potentially exposed by credit risk. This study aimed to examine the effect of CAR, ROA, ROA, LDR, Credit Growth and Credit Quality to the Non-Performing Loan (NPL). This study used a population of 120 commercial banks in Indonesia on period 2013-2015. Based on purposive sampling, obtained a sample of 12 bank which has NPL ratio above 5% for at least three quarters in the study period. The analytical method used in this research is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Based on test results, LDR and Credit Growth showed a negative relationship with Non-Performing Loan (NPL), but these variables have no significant effect on Non-Performing Loan (NPL), while CAR, ROA and BOPO have negative significant effect on the Non-Performing Loan (NPL). Credit quality with proxied by Loan Loss Provision (LLP) ratio has significant positive effect on the Non-Performing Loan (NPL).
The Results of Phacofragmentation and Aspiration Surgery for Cataract Extraction in Dogs

Cataract surgery was planned on 41 ERG positive eyes of 25 dogs of which 9 had unilateral and 16 had bilateral cataracts. Phacofragmentation and aspiration surgery was performed on 32 eyes of 20 dogs (and ECCE was performed on 4 eyes and ICCE was performed on 5 eyes of 5 dogs) of different breeds, sexes and ages. Vision restoration and complications were evaluated postoperatively in the short term (4 weeks). Mean age of the 20 dogs was 7.3 years. Stages of cataracts were classified as mature (n: 17), immature (n: 8) and intumescent (n: 7). While the mean phacoemulsification time was 1.50 min in immature and intumescent cases, it was 5.30 min in mature cases. The mean irrigation volume was 100 ml in intumescent and immature cases and 300 ml in mature cases. Functional vision was established in 22.2% of mature eyes and 77.8% of immature and intumescent eyes. The success rate of phacofragmentation surgery was significantly better in immature and intumescent eyes than in mature eyes (P < 0.0001). Mean age was 8.57 years in the dogs without functional vision and 5.88 years in those with functional vision after phacofragmentation surgery. Age of the dog at surgery was a significant factor in the restoration of vision (P < 0.05). In this study, the most important intraoperatative complications (anterior capsular fibrosis, radial tear of anterior capsule and posterior capsular rupture-vitreous prolapsus) were observed in the mature and aged dogs. The most important postoperative complications in this study (uveitis and corneal thermal injury) were observed in mature and aged dogs. Vision was restored in eyes with immature and intumescent cataracts more successfully (11.7-fold) than in eyes with mature cataracts by phacofragmentation surgery.
Characteristics influencing participation of Australian children with cerebral palsy

Purpose. To investigate the extent to which selected individual, family and environmental variables were associated with participation of children who have cerebral palsy in activities outside school. Methods. Data were gathered through a population-based survey of 114 children born in 1994 or 1995 in Victoria, Australia. Participation was measured using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment. Selected independent variables were classified as related to the child, family or environment. Linear regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with participation in informal (activities that require little planning) and formal (those with structure and leaders) activities. Results. Participation in informal activities tended to be greater in children who preferred informal activities and who had higher manual ability (adjusted R2 = 36.3%). Girls and those with better gross motor function also tended to participate in more activities. The explanatory power of the regression model for participation in formal activities was limited (adjusted R2 = 4.2%). Conclusion. Knowing a child's activity preferences is critical to intervention planning. Being exposed to a range of activities within supportive environments may provide the opportunity to develop preferences, especially in activities where children with cerebral palsy have reduced participation, such as in physical activities.
Change in cognitive function in idiopathic Parkinson disease.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Parkinson disease (PD) on cognitive function by determining the frequency and amount of change in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance. DESIGN During a 4-year period, 77 patients with idiopathic PD and 43 normal elders were administered a neuropsychological test battery twice at 2 years apart. RESULTS A 4-point score difference on the MMSE was the amount that was statistically calculated to be a significant difference at the . 05 probability level. Using this metric, 17 (22%) patients with PD had a change in their MMSE performance during a 2-year period. Fifteen individuals performed poorer, and 2 individuals improved. Using the same metric, no normal subjects changed in their MMSE performance. The groups of patients with PD who had a change and did not have a change in their MMSE performance were not characterized by significant differences in their years of education, duration of illness, age at onset, age at test time 1, estimated premorbid intelligence, Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression score at test time I, or Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score. The singular difference was the higher frequency of change that was found in subjects who were taking dopamine agonists at the second test time. CONCLUSION A change in cognitive function in patients with PD, as measured by a change of 4 points or more in their MMSE performance, was observed in only 22% of a sample of 77 patients with idiopathic PD during a 2-year period.
Medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body

Abstract Neuroepithelial tumors of the ciliary body occur more seldom than retinoblastoma. The congenital form is called medulloepithelioma, the adult‐acquired adenoma or adenocarcinoma. Medulloepitheliomas consist of organoid epithelial structures developing anteriorly along surfaces such as the iris. The authors report on a congenital type unusually growing not only anteriorly along the lens, but also posteriorly along the retina's surface causing retinal detachment.