Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Encoding of Episodic Context with Abstract and Concrete Concepts

In theories of grounded cognition, abstract concepts, like concrete ones, are grounded in our experiences with the world. However, rather than emphasizing the sensorimotoric aspects of our experience as they do for concrete concepts (e.g., coffee), grounded theories emphasize situational and internal factors for the representation of abstract concepts (e.g., decision). Despite some success in showing that situational and internal factors are important for abstract concepts, a mechanism by which such contextual factors are encoded and re-instantiated with the concept has yet to be elucidated. The present study sought to make headway on finding such a mechanism by using the source memory paradigm to determine whether we attend to episodic context more when processing abstract concepts as compared to concrete concepts. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were presented with abstract and concrete words in a (red or green) colored box frame and performed a synonym judgment 1-back task at encoding. At retrieval, participants were better able to recognize the color of the frame for concrete than abstract concepts. In Experiment 3, the colored box frames were replaced with male and female voices, which participants were asked to recognize at retrieval. The same pattern of results emerged as in Experiments 1 and 2: participants were better able to recognize the speaker at encoding for concrete concepts than for abstract ones. Overall, the pattern of results suggests that the processing of concrete concepts is more sensitive to simple arbitrary episodic contextual detail. If representations of abstract concepts are indeed derived from situational context, theconcepts. In Experiment 3, the colored box frames were replaced with male and female voices, which participants were asked to recognize at retrieval. The same pattern of results emerged as in Experiments 1 and 2: participants were better able to recognize the speaker at encoding for concrete concepts than for abstract ones. Overall, the pattern of results suggests that the processing of concrete concepts is more sensitive to simple arbitrary episodic contextual detail. If representations of abstract concepts are indeed derived from situational context, the contexts may need to be more elaborate, temporally extended, or systematic than the simple associations examined here.
Antioxidative responses and expression of insecticidal proteins in Bt cotton under high irradiance

Effect of high irradiance (HI) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, rate of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were investigated in non Bt and Bt cotton. The accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H 2 O 2 was higher in Bt cotton. Sustained cultivation of Bt cotton requires stable transgene expression under HI stress. In the present study, Bt toxin proteins (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab), which are essential for the control of lepidopteron pests, were found to be reduced in Bt cotton under HI stress.
Factors Influencing Arthropod Diversity on Green Roofs

Summary of roof characteristics. Plant list is a partial list of the species in sampling plots on each roof. See Table A1 for more complete lists of plants, including those outside of plot areas. Area range for CH indicates sizes of three green roof boxes. Location Coordinates Soil characteristics Soil Depth (cm) Area (m 2 ) Height above ground (m) Distance to nearest green area (m) % Vegetation Cover (Mean ± standard deviation) Plant richness (Mean ± standard deviation) Plant Species Identified Water treatment vault, Wellesley College Botanic Gardens (WT) 42.2942°N-71.3039°W Low organic content, expanded shale and compost 15 55 0-2 0 41±11 4.9±1.2 Carex pensylvanica , Solidago sciaphila , Fragaria virginiana , Dennstaedtia punctilobula , Geum triflorum , Aster spp. , Campanula rotundifolia , Allium sp. Massachusetts College of Art and Design (MA) 42.3369°N-71.0985°W High organic content 30 149 60 16 49±14 7.4±0.9 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi , Prunus maritima Linaria vulgaris
Orthoses for Spinal Cord Injury Patients

There are some limitations for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) when walking with assistive devices. Heavy energy expenditure and walking high loads on the upper limb joints are two main reasons of high rejection rate of orthosis by these patients . Many devices have been designed to enable people with paraplegia to ambulate in an upright position as a solution of these limitations such as mechanical orthoses, hybrid orthoses and powered orthoses. All these devices are designed to solve the problem of standing and walking, but there are some other important notes, which should be considered. For example, the size and weight of external orthoses, donning and doffing, cumbersome‐ ness and independency for using are very important.
Multilingualism, Divergent Authentic Versions of a Legal Rule and Legitimate Expectations Of Individuals

Abstract The paper argues that the multilingualism of the EU legal order should be viewed from the point of view of the right of individuals to acquaint themselves with the their rights and duties under EU law in the official language of their Member State. In case of discrepancies of equally authentic versions, individuals should have the possibility to rely on an ‘authentic version’ defence, especially in tax, customs and criminal law relationships.
Climate Change and Adaptive Strategies in Brazil : the economic effects of genetic breeding 1

Plant breeding through the development of seeds resistant to water stress or high temperature is an important adaptive strategy to cope climate change. In this way, by providing an analysis of adaptation to climate change using genetic breeding on Brazilian farms, this work aims to investigate how climate change will affect the adoption of genetic breeding and profitability of farmers. Temperature and rainfall projections for 2010-2099 time periods were used, considering different climate scenarios (A1B and A2), according to the 4th Assessment Report of IPCC (2007). A Treatment Effects model outlines the analytical framework in this study. Our results indicate the probability of adopting transgenic seeds will grow from 74% in the current period to 86% in 2020, 83% in 2050, and 81% in 2080. Farmers adopting this adaptation strategy will have higher profits. Land value tends to be higher in both climate scenarios in counties with cultivated areas using transgenic seeds. Farmers adopting this adaptation measure will be less exposed to adverse effects of climate change. We conclude that it is necessary to invest in adaptation strategies so that Brazil can overcome adverse effects of global climate change. Key-words: Climate change, adaptation, breeding, seeds, drought, heat. Resumo: O melhoramento genético representa importante estratégia adaptativa para lidar com os efeitos das mudanças climáticas, principalmente mediante o desenvolvimento de sementes resistentes à seca ou elevadas temperaturas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho apresenta uma análise de adaptação às mudanças climáticas enfatizando a adoção do 1. Thanks are due to CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), to FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais), to CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and to FUNARBE (Fundação Arthur Bernardes) for the scholarships and financial support; and to NEMESIS/IPEA (Núcleo de Estudos e Modelos Espaciais Sistêmicos) and specially Estáquio José Reis for the availability of climatic and agronomic databases. The authors are grateful to Marcia Pimentel and Juliana Speranza for the support in the database construction. Finally, we are grateful to anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. All remaining errors are the authors. 2. Bolsista de Pós-doutorado (PNPD/CAPES) vinculado ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Economia Aplicada (PPGEA/UFV). E-mail: marcel.pires@ufv.br 3. Professor Adjunto do Departamento de Economia Rural da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. E-mail: denis.cunha@ufv.br
The R Package emdi for Estimating and Mapping Regionally Disaggregated Indicators

The R package emdi enables the estimation of regionally disaggregated indicators using small area estimation methods and includes tools for processing, assessing, and presenting the results. The mean of the target variable, the quantiles of its distribution, the headcount ratio, the poverty gap, the Gini coefficient, the quintile share ratio, and customized indicators are estimated using direct and model-based estimation with the empirical best predictor (Molina and Rao 2010). The user is assisted by automatic estimation of datadriven transformation parameters. Parametric and semi-parametric, wild bootstrap for mean squared error estimation are implemented with the latter offering protection against possible misspecification of the error distribution. Tools for (a) customized parallel computing, (b) model diagnostic analyses, (c) creating high quality maps and (d) exporting the results to Excel and OpenDocument Spreadsheets are included. The functionality of the package is illustrated with example data sets for estimating the Gini coefficient and median income for districts in Austria.
GroupCap: Group-Based Image Captioning with Structured Relevance and Diversity Constraints

Most image captioning models focus on one-line (single image) captioning, where the correlations like relevance and diversity among group images (e.g., within the same album or event) are simply neglected, resulting in less accurate and diverse captions. Recent works mainly consider imposing the diversity during the online inference only, which neglect the correlation among visual structures in offline training. In this paper, we propose a novel group-based image captioning scheme (termed GroupCap), which jointly models the structured relevance and diversity among group images towards an optimal collaborative captioning. In particular, we first propose a visual tree parser (VP-Tree) to construct the structured semantic correlations within individual images. Then, the relevance and diversity among images are well modeled by exploiting the correlations among their tree structures. Finally, such correlations are modeled as constraints and sent into the LSTM-based captioning generator. We adopt an end-to-end formulation to train the visual tree parser, the structured relevance and diversity constraints, as well as the LSTM based captioning model jointly. To facilitate quantitative evaluation, we further release two group captioning datasets derived from the MS-COCO benchmark, serving as the first of their kind. Quantitative results show that the proposed GroupCap model outperforms the state-of-the-art and alternative approaches.
Cholinesterase inhibitory activities of xanthones from Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray

Five xanthones (1-5) were isolated from the heartwood of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae) and this is the first report of the isolation of xanthone 1 (6-deoxyisojacareubin) from this species. The in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) of these isolated xanthones was highest in 1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone (3) for both enzymes with IC50 values of 56.3±0.4 and 46.0±0.3 µM, respectively. The presence of the C-4 prenyl residue attached to the xanthone core co-orrelated significantly with the AChE and BChE inhibitory activities and was significantly reduced by hydroxylation (removal of the carbon double bond and addition of a hydroxyl group). Key words: Anaxagorea luzonensis, Annonaceae, xanthone, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase.
A Multicenter Cohort Study for XELOX (Capecitabine, Leucovorin plus Oxaliplatin) Therapy as First-Line Treatment in Elderly Patients with Unresectable Colorectal Cancer

Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy with bevacizumab is now widely used for colorectal cancer patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of XELOX (capecitabine + oxaliplatin + leucovorin combined) therapy with or without bevacizumab in elderly patients. One hundred and seven patients, consisting of 52 elderly (>70 years of age) and 55 non-elderly, with unresectable colorectal cancer were enrolled in this multicenter cooperative group study using a database between October 2009 and March 2012. We evaluated the outcomes in terms of the median time to treat failure (TTF), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and tolerability in both age groups. The median TTF for the XELOX + bevacizumab regimen was 7.1 months in the non-elderly group and 8.1 months in the elderly group (p = 0.838). There was no significant difference in TTF between the two groups. The ORR and DCR in the non-elderly group were 30.8% and 73.1%, respectively. In the elderly group, the ORR was 40.0% and the overall DCR was 90.0%. No severe or uncontrollable adverse events were observed in the two groups. These data indicated that the XELOX chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab has an equivalent efficacy in both groups, without increasing the adverse events even in the elderly population.
Summer Precipitation Changes in Northeast Asia from the AOGCM Global Warming Experiments

In order to evaluate the model performance in simulating the Northeast Asian summer climate, and to investigate the effect of global warming on the summer climate over the Northeast Asian region, the multi-model ensemble of eight atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation models in the historical (20C3M) and the scenarios (A2, A1B, B1) runs are analyzed, which is participating to the Intergovern mental Panel on Climate Change fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4). From comparison of the ob servation and the 20C3M experiment, it is found that the multi-model ensemble quite well simulates the Northeast Asian summer precipitation and circulation, especially in the rst two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes and the associated regressed eld. The rst EOF mode represents the decaying phase of El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which contributes to the development of the Philip pines Sea anticyclone. The second one is associated with the fast transition of ENSO.In future climate, the increase of the precipitation to 2099 at A2, and A1B simulation reaches 10% com pared with the mean precipitation for 1961-1990 over the Northeast Asian region. After the stabilization of the greenhouse gas concentration in 2100, the precipitation is enhanced during 30 or 50 years more due to the inertia inherent in the climate system. From EOF analysis, it seems that the increased Northeast Asian summer precipitation due to global warming is contributed by the effect of the enhanced monsoon circulation in the decaying phase of El Nino rather than the mean linear increase of global climate or the circulation in the fast transitional period of ENSO.
Trophic level-based indicators to track fishing impacts across marine ecosystems

Trophic level (TL)-based indicators have been widely used to examine fishing impacts in aquatic ecosystems and the induced biodiversity changes. However, much debate has ensued regarding discrepancies and challenges arising from the use of landings data from commercial fisheries to calculate TL indicators. Subsequent studies have started to examine survey-based and model-based indicators. In this paper, we undertake an extensive evaluation of a variety of TL indicators across 9 well-studied marine ecosystems by making use of model- as well as survey- and catch-based TL indicators. Using detailed regional information and data on fishing history, fishing intensity, and environmental conditions, we evaluate how well TL indicators are capturing fishing effects at the community level of marine ecosystems. Our results highlight that the differ- ences observed between TL indicator values and trends is dependent on the data source and the TL cut-off point used in the calculations and is not attributable to an intrinsic problem with TL- based indicators. All 3 data sources provide useful information about the structural changes in the ecosystem as a result of fishing, but our results indicate that only model-based indicators repre- sent fishing impacts at the whole ecosystem level.
Self-Determination Theory : An Analysis of Student Motivation in an Accounting Degree Program *

The Self-Determination Theory has been widely discussed in the field of motivation in school learning and, according to some researchers, this theory can be summarized as a continuum of self-determination that indicates six types of motivation, which vary qualitatively according to the internalization of external rules of behavior. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the motivation of Accounting Science students in a public university in light of the Self-Determination Theory. The research sample consisted of 259 students enrolled in all academic terms of the Accounting degree program of a public higher education institution in Brazil. The survey results were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, which identified seven factors that explain 61.09% of the total data variability. The results of the present study are somewhat consistent with those found in previous studies, and the motivation for learning was quite diverse among the students studied. However, some students were concerned with deepening their level of expertise or achieving adequate foundations for their future role. Others were concerned only with getting their diploma or were present in classes simply to meet attendance requirements. These findings show the relevance of studies on the teaching of Accounting because the field has epistemological peculiarities that must be considered while teaching and learning. It is important to emphasize the importance of understanding and evaluating students' motivational levels because this will facilitate planning while encouraging and exploring motivation in academic settings.
Is CEO Education Linked With Risk Management Ability ? ∗

This study investigates CEO risk management ability. Using CEO education as a proxy for ability I examine the relationship between CEO education and various types of risk: (1) market risk, (2) credit risk, and (3) operational risk. Propensity score methods are used as a way to deal with the endogenous matching problem which exists in the executive compensation literature. These methods are proposed as an alternative to the managerial fixed effects approaches such as “spell fixed effects” and the mover dummy variable method (MDV). While the managerial fixed effects methods would fail when the explanatory variables of interest are time-invariant, it is possible to capture this variation in managerial effects by using propensity score methods. I find that the effect on the various types of risks varies by the type of risk and by the type and quality of education. Firms with CEOs that have law degrees are associated with fewer operational risk events. While firms with CEOs that have MBA degrees from top business schools are able to manage credit risk better than their peers. Overall, the quality of CEO education matters, and in many cases it is associated with a simultaneous reduction in firm risk and increase in firm value.
Provenance analysis of the Ochoco basin, central Oregon: A window into the Late Cretaceous paleogeography of the northern U.S. Cordillera

Cretaceous forearc strata of the Ochoco basin in central Oregon may preserve a record of regional transpression, magmatism, and mountain building within the Late Cretaceous Cordillera. Given the volume of material that must have been eroded from the Sierra Nevada and Idaho batholith to result in modern exposures of midand deep-crustal rocks, Cretaceous forearc basins have the potential to preserve a record of arc magmatism no longer preserved within the arc, if forearc sediment can be confi dently linked to sources. Paleogeographic models for mid-Cretaceous time indicate that the Blue Mountains and the Ochoco sedimentary overlap succession experienced postdepositional, coast-parallel, dextral translation of less than 400 km or as much as 1700 km. Our detailed provenance study of the Ochoco basin and comparison of Ochoco basin provenance with that of the Hornbrook Formation, Great Valley Group, and Methow basin test paleogeographic models and the potential extent of Cretaceous forearc deposition. Deposition of Ochoco strata was largely Late Cretaceous, from Albian through at least Santonian time (ca. 113–86 Ma and younger), rather than Albian–Cenomanian (ca. 113–94 Ma). Provenance characteristics of the Ochoco basin are consistent with northern U.S. Cordilleran sources, and Ochoco strata may represent the destination of much of the midto Late Cretaceous Idaho arc that was intruded and eroded during and following rapid transpression along the western Idaho shear zone. Our provenance results suggest that the Hornbrook Formation and Ochoco basin formed two sides of the same depositional system, which may have been linked to the Great Valley Group to the south by Coniacian time, but was not connected to the Methow basin. These results limit northward displacement of the Ochoco basin to less than 400 km relative to the North American craton, and *ksurples@trinity.edu Surpless, K.D. , and Gulliver, K.D. H. , 2018, Provenance analysis of the Ochoco basin, central Oregon: A window into the Late Cretaceous paleogeography of the northern U.S. Cordillera, in Ingersoll, R.V. , Graham, S.A. , and Lawton, T.F. , eds., Tectonics, Sedimentary Basins, and Provenance: A Celebration of William R. Dickinson’s Career: Geological Society of America Special Paper 540, p. 1–32, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2540(11). © 2018 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. 2 Surpless and Gulliver
An Overview of Dynamic Heterogeneous Oxidations in the Troposphere

Due to the adverse effect of atmospheric aerosols on public health and their ability to affect climate, extensive research has been undertaken in recent decades to understand their sources and sinks, as well as to study their physical and chemical properties. Atmospheric aerosols are important players in the Earth’s radiative budget, affecting incoming and outgoing solar radiation through absorption and scattering by direct and indirect means. While the cooling properties of pure inorganic aerosols are relatively well understood, the impact of organic aerosols on the radiative budget is unclear. Additionally, organic aerosols are transformed through chemical reactions during atmospheric transport. The resulting complex mixture of organic aerosol has variable physical and chemical properties that contribute further to the uncertainty of these species modifying the radiative budget. Correlations between oxidative processing and increased absorptivity, hygroscopicity, and cloud condensation nuclei activity have been observed, but the mechanisms behind these phenomena have remained unexplored. Herein, we review environmentally relevant heterogeneous mechanisms occurring on interfaces that contribute to the processing of aerosols. Recent laboratory studies exploring processes at the aerosol–air interface are highlighted as capable of generating the complexity observed in the environment. Furthermore, a variety of laboratory methods developed specifically to study these processes under environmentally relevant conditions are introduced. Remarkably, the heterogeneous mechanisms presented might neither be feasible in the gas phase nor in the bulk particle phase of aerosols at the fast rates enabled on interfaces. In conclusion, these surface mechanisms are important to better understand how organic aerosols are transformed in the atmosphere affecting the environment.