Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Instructional Design on Student Engagement with Video Lectures at Cyber Universities

Aim/Purpose The number of students enrolled in online courses that use video lectures is on the rise. However, research shows that the number of students watching video lectures is low, and the number watching videos to completion is even lower. Background This paper seeks to understand this problem by looking for correlations between instructional design and student engagement with video lectures. Methodology Students at a cyber-university in South Korea (n=1801) were surveyed on their perception of the instructional design used in the courses they took and their engagement with online video lectures. Contribution This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by demonstrating positive correlations between instructional design, watching, and finishing video lectures. Findings While most other research has found low levels of online lecture viewership, this paper found significantly higher numbers watching and finishing videos. Other major findings of the paper are that five key elements of instructional design for online learning environments (designing methods, setting the curriculum, establishing time parameters, establishing netiquette, and utilizing the medium effectively) all correlated positively with students watching and finishing video lectures. Instructional Design & Student Engagement 190 Recommendations for Practitioners Based on findings in this paper, it is recommended that practitioners consider taking actions when designing their instruction for online courses. These include batching their video lectures together by topic, devoting greater resources to helping students utilize the medium, and communicate time parameters in a way that encourages students to view video lectures in a timely manner. Recommendation for Researchers As the watching of video lectures in this study was mandatory for learners, an interesting area of further research would be to examine whether that decision led to higher numbers of students watching them. Future Research It is important for researchers to conduct further research into the interplay between ways instructors can design their instruction in order to encourage learners to better experience online learning.
The Auriga stellar haloes: connecting stellar population properties with accretion and merging history

We examine the stellar haloes of the Auriga simulations, a suite of 30 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical high-resolution simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies performed with the moving-mesh code arepo. We study halo global properties and radial profiles out to ∼150 kpc for each individual galaxy. The Auriga haloes are diverse in their masses and density profiles, mean metallicity and metallicity gradients, ages, and shapes, reflecting the stochasticity inherent in their accretion and merger histories. A comparison with observations of nearby late-type galaxies shows very good agreement between most observed and simulated halo properties. However, Auriga haloes are typically too massive. We find a connection between population gradients and mass assembly history: galaxies with few significant progenitors have more massive haloes, possess large negative halo metallicity gradients, and steeper density profiles. The number of accreted galaxies, either disrupted or under disruption, that contribute 90 per cent of the accreted halo mass ranges from 1 to 14, with a median of 6.5, and their stellar masses span over three orders of magnitude. The observed halo mass–metallicity relation is well reproduced by Auriga and is set by the stellar mass and metallicity of the dominant satellite contributors. This relationship is found not only for the accreted component but also for the total (accreted + in situ) stellar halo. Our results highlight the potential of observable halo properties to infer the assembly history of galaxies.
LINKING SHARED AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP TO FIRM PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF NEW VENTURE TOP MANAGEMENT TEAMS

The present study examined the relationship between the shared authentic leadership behavior of new venture top management teams (TMTs) and the performance of their firms. Consistent with predictions, findings from a national (United States) random sample of new ventures demonstrated that positive team affective tone mediated the indirect relationship between new venture TMTs’ shared authentic leadership behavior and firm performance. These findings suggest that collective emotions may play an important role in entrepreneurship research since authentic behavior of upper echelon leaders was shown to exert its influence on firm performance indirectly through TMTs’ positive affective tone. Implications of these findings are discussed.
"The factor that makes us more effective teachers": Two Pre-service Primary Teachers' Experience of Bibliotherapy

This paper describes the experiences of two pre-service primary teachers in a teacher education subject focusing on mathematics and learning difficulties. It describes how bibliotherapy was a powerful reflective tool that provided them with the opportunity to respond cognitively and affectively to their own schooling. By analysing readings about school students’ learning and issues such as mathematics anxiety, they reflected on and reconstructed their understanding of their own school experiences. In turn, this challenged their assessment of their capacity to learn and teach mathematics. Bibliotherapy was a healing process that generated both enthusiasm for teaching and an enhanced confidence as the pre-service teachers looked to the future.
The influence of the work environment on training transfer

Agencies invest billions in training with the intention to increase knowledge. Characteristics of the learners, the training design and the work environment all influence the increase of knowledge and skills in the workplace (training transfer). This study finds out if training enhances knowledge (generalization) and if this level of knowledge is maintained over time (maintenance). Finally, this study discovers to what extent seven aspects of a supporting work environment facilitate training transfer. A survey that measures the variables in this longitudinal study has been conducted among managers (training group and control group) within a cleaning agency. This research shows that training has an effect on the increase of knowledge (generalization) and maintenance of knowledge over time (maintenance). Beyond expectation, increase of knowledge was also evident in the control group. The participation in training spread over time may explain this increase of knowledge. Moreover, it is shown that young employees share more knowledge of Workplace Safety after this training than older employees do. Interestingly, the work environment only influences the control group, which shows that employees give feedback to several colleagues and have discussions with each other. Research could not be conducted on a number of factors due to validity problems; therefore longitudinal follow-up research with valid scales would be desirable.
MICROWAVE ENERGY-ASSISTED FABRICATION OF HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED CARBON NANOTUBE / CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES Selçuk

Through a facile, simple, yet efficient, affordable and ultrafast (30 s) microwave (MW) energy heating process, hierarchical composites made up of carbon fibers (CFs) decorated with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forest were produced at ambient conditions in one-step. Morphological features of the as-produced composites were characterized in details by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and the elemental analysis (EDX) techniques. Both the composite material characterization results and the versatile and easily controllable nature of the above mentioned process strongly support its promising success for the fabrication of such hierarchical composites that could be effectively used for the next generation advanced engineering applications.
Profile of inotuzumab ozogamicin and its potential in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Monoclonal antibodies are likely to make a considerable contribution in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). High expression of CD22 antigen is found on the surface of leukemia cells in ALL. Inotuzumab ozogamicin, a CD22 monoclonal antibody conjugated to calicheamicin, which has shown efficacy in patients with lymphomas, has also shown encouraging activity in relapsed or refractory ALL with a high morphologic and molecular response rate. This article summarizes the current approaches to treating ALL with inotuzumab ozogamicin, based on available data from the literature.
Bird Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California

Abstract The 165-km2 Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area (APWRA) in west-central California includes 5,400 wind turbines, each rated to generate between 40 kW and 400 kW of electric power, or 580 MW total. Many birds residing or passing through the area are killed by collisions with these wind turbines. We searched for bird carcasses within 50 m of 4,074 wind turbines for periods ranging from 6 months to 4.5 years. Using mortality estimates adjusted for searcher detection and scavenger removal rates, we estimated the annual wind turbine–caused bird fatalities to number 67 (80% CI = 25–109) golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), 188 (80% CI = 116–259) red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), 348 (80% CI = −49 to 749) American kestrels (Falco sparverius), 440 (80% CI = −133 to 1,013) burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea), 1,127 (80% CI = −23 to 2,277) raptors, and 2,710 (80% CI = −6,100 to 11,520) birds. Adjusted mortality estimates were most sensitive to scavenger removal rate, which relates to the amount of time between fatality searches. New on-site studies of scavenger removal rates might warrant revising mortality estimates for some small-bodied bird species, although we cannot predict how the mortality estimates would change. Given the magnitude of our mortality estimates, regulatory agencies and the public should decide whether to enforce laws intended to protect species killed by APWRA wind turbines, and given the imprecision of our estimates, directed research is needed of sources of error and bias for use in studies of bird collisions wherever wind farms are developed. Precision of mortality estimates could be improved by deploying technology to remotely detect collisions and by making wind turbine power output data available to researchers so that the number of fatalities can be related directly to the actual power output of the wind turbine since the last fatality search.
Resistance and Resignation: Responses to Typecasting in British Acting

This article draws on 38 in-depth interviews with British actors to explore the operation of typecasting. First, we argue that typecasting acts as the key mechanism through which the ‘somatic norm’ is established in British acting. It delivers an oversupply of leading roles for white, male, middle-class actors while ensuring that those who deviate somatically are restricted to largely socially caricatured roles. Second, we focus on the career trajectories of ‘othered’ actors. While they frequently experience acting roles as offensive and discriminatory, we demonstrate how most nonetheless reluctantly accept the terms of their ‘type’ in order to survive and succeed. Third, we focus on the minority who have attempted to challenge their type. Here we find that successful resistance is accomplished by carefully choosing work that subverts the somatic norm. However, the ability to exercise such choice is highly contingent on resources associated with an actor’s class origin.
PHOTOTHERAPY IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF BIRTH WEIGHT FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA

Context: The goal of phototherapy is to lower the concentration of circulating bilirubin or keep it from increasing in the treatment of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. As phototherapy decrease billirubin level of infants, it is important to fix the dose of phototherapy. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of double phototherapy versus conventional single phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Materials and Methods: For this purpose 50 term and preterm newborns were enrolled. They were divided into 2 groups, 38 newborns were taken in group 1 and 12 newborn were taken in group 2. The babies who got conventional single phototherapy were taken in group 1. Each group was again divided into 3 subgroups according to their birth weight Normal Birth Weight (NBW), = Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW). Results: The serum bilirubin level of term babies were found 17.32 ± 4.08 mg/dl and in preterm babies were found 13.17 ± 1.49 mg/dl. Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in enrolled babies were due to physiologic jaundice (38%), neonatal sepsis (50%) and perinatal asphyxia (12%). The serum bilirubin level in physiological jaundice was found 18.47 ± 5.38 mg/dl, in neonatal sepsis was found 14.90 ± 1.85 mg/dl and in perenatal asphyxia was found 14.10 ± 1.47 mg / dl. Decline rate of serum bilirubin per day was found 4.58 ± 2.43 mg / dl in NBW babies with the use of conventional single phototherapy compared to 6.27 ± 2.26 mg / dl with the use of conventional double phototherapy. In LBW babies decline rate of serum bilirubin per day was found 2.07 ± 0.84 mg / dl with the use of conventional single phototherapy but 4.70 ± 2.08 mg / dl with the use of conventional double phototherapy. In VLBW babies, decline rate of serum bilirubin per day was found 2.24 ± 1.10 mg / dl with the use of conventional single phototherapy. Any VLBW babies which were given conventional double phototherapy were not found. Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that double phototherapy is more effective than conventional single phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in both groups of neonates; however the rate of fall of bilirubin was higher in NBW subgroups. Keywords: Phototherapy; hyperbilirubinaemia; preterm; term . DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0. 8786 JBS 2010; 18(0): 116-120
Social Capital and Learning Advantages: A Problem of Absorptive Capacity

Theoretically, social capital allows entrepreneurial firms to capitalize on learning advantages of newness and gain access to knowledge as the foundation for improved performance. But this understates its complexity. We consider whether learning through social capital relationships has a direct effect on performance and whether absorptive capacity mediates and moderates this relationship. We find that network-based learning has no direct relationship with performance, but this is mediated in each instance by absorptive capacity and is moderated twice. Our findings challenge the learning advantages of newness thesis and reveal how absorptive capacity can enable business performance from a firm's network relationships.
Chemical denudation rates of a small torrential catchment in the Northern Calcareous Alps

Abstract In this study, we present chemical denudation rates derived from measuring the dissolved load of an alpine catchment located in Salzburg, Austria. The catchment has a drainage area of about 7 km2 and is predominantly covered by limestone- rich glacial deposits and carbonate rocks that are characteristic of the Northern Calcareous Alps. To obtain catchment-wide chemical denudation rates, we integrated discharge time series that were measured by a permanent water gauge of the Austrian Service for Torrent and Avalanche Control to compute the total discharge of the investigated catchment over a period of one year. During the same period, samples were taken during several campaigns to consider variations of the dissolved load. Samples were collected at high and low runoff conditions to study the effect of precipitation and at different locations along the tributaries to account for lithological variations of the river beds on the dissolved load. For the investigation period of one year, 2.97 ×106 m3 of discharge was measured at the catchment outlet. The summed cation-concentration varies between about 85 mg/l for dry-conditions and 75 mg/l for rainy-conditions at the gauge and consists predominantly of Ca2+and Mg2+ cations. Based on the total discharge of the river integrated over a period of one year, and the average dissolved load determined from water samples, we obtained a chemical denudation rate of 0.094 mm/a. The results imply that chemical denudation is a significant driver for redistributing mass in carbonate-dominated catchments and might be the dominant erosional process in such settings.
Idiosyncratic Moments and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns in Brazil

This online appendix reports additional robustness checks for our main results. Wepresent a set of tables with summary statistics for portfolios sorted on higher idiosyncraticmoments (expected skewness, realized skewness, and realized volatility) using two alternativetime horizons to estimate the measures of idiosyncratic skewness and idiosyncratic volatility:T = 24 months and T = 60 months. For both time horizons, consistent with the empiricalevidence presented in our paper for equally-weighted portfolios, the results indicate theexistence of a negative and statistically significant relation between expected idiosyncraticskewness and the cross-section of expected returns, as well as between idiosyncratic volatilityand the cross-section of future returns. Although we observe a negative relation betweenrealized idiosyncratic skewness and the cross-section of future returns, the results are notstatistically significant. To illustrate the time-varying nature of the idiosyncratic higher moments,we also present additional figures with the cross-sectional distribution of idiosyncraticskewness and idiosyncratic volatility for the alternative time horizons.
Sheepskin Effects of Investment in Schooling: Do They Signal Family Background? Case of Pakistan

Considerable recent research both for the developing as well as the developed countries has provided evidence for the existence of the sheepskin effect to the economic returns in schooling investment. However, there has not been much empirical work investigating the mechanism that may lie behind the observed sheepskin effects. The few notable exceptions that have started addressing this important yet neglected question of interpreting what do sheepskin effects signal include Flores-Lagunes and Light (2007) for the U. S. , Riddell (2008) for Canada and Shabbir and Ashraf (2011) as well as Shabbir (2011) in the case of Pakistan. The present study was undertaken to examine the robustness of sheepskin effects in the face of measured family background in the case of Pakistan. The unique feature of this study is that it utilizes the only nationally representative data set available which allows for a test of sheepskin effects; in fact, Shabbir (1991) was the first of its kind study which used this data set to test (and establish) the existence of sheepskin effects in the case of Pakistan. The present study is an attempt to build on that research finding in order to explore the question of what do sheepskin effects signal? In particular, do they signal measured family background? The important empirical finding of this study is that there is strong evidence of significant sheepskin or diploma effects for all four important certification levels i.e. Matric, Intermediate, Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and Master of Arts (M.A). Further, and more importantly in terms of the research question posed by this paper, these diploma effects are robust when measured family background effects are controlled for using such measures as father's education, father's income and mother's income. Thus the observed sheepskin effects may be signaling other aspects of ability or other relevant influences besides measured family background (including latent or unmeasured family influences) which keeps the all-important question of the mechanism underlying these observed sheepskin effects open and in need of future research.
Antidiabetic Effect of Sargassum wightii and Ulva fasciata in High fat diet and Multi Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice

This study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of edible seaweeds Sargassum wightii and Ulva fasciata with an objective to establish these seaweeds as add-on therapy for controlling diabetes. The ethyl acetate extract of Sargassum wightii (EAS) and Ulva fasciata (EAU) at 100 and 200 mg/kg dose was examined for antidiabetic activity in the high fat diet and multi-low-dose streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic mice. Plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], lipid profile, liver and skeletal muscle glycogen content, triglycerides, superoxide dismutase [SOD], body and organ weight was estimated at the end of the study. Consequently, histopathology of liver was also studied. Both EAS and EAU showed significant reduction in plasma glucose level and the area under curve [AUC] of OGTT was significantly (p<0.001) attenuated. The extracts appreciably normalized lipid profile, body and organ weight. At higher doses of both EAS and EAU showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in SOD level of skeletal muscle and reduction in liver as well as skeletal muscle triglycerides. Both the extracts considerably enhanced hepatic and muscle glycogen content. Remarkable improvements were found in the histopathological observations of liver of all the treated groups as compared against the diabetes induced group. The findings suggest that these seaweeds offer a great opportunity to satisfy the food and nutrition requirement for rectifying and controlling diabetes.
Dynamics and determinants of dividend policy in Pakistan (evidence from Karachi stock exchange non-financial listed firms)

This study examines the dynamics and determinants of dividend payout policy of 320 non-financial firms listed in Karachi Stock Exchange during the period of 2001 to 2006. It is also one of the very first examples which try to identify the potential dynamics and determinants of dividend payout in Pakistan by using the well established dividend models in context of emerging market. For dynamic equation we used the extended model of Lintner, Fama and Babiak and ‘Proposed’ model in dynamic setting. The results consistently support that Pakistani listed non-financial firms rely on both the change in dividends and change in net earnings which clearly demonstrate that the firms rely on both current earning per share and past dividend per share to set their dividend payments. However the study clearly shows that dividend tends to be more sensitive to current earnings than prior dividends. The listed non financial firms having the high speed of adjustment and low target payout ratio show the instability to smoothing their dividend payments. To find out the determinants of dividend payout policy dynamic panel regression has been performed. Firstly, profitable firms with more stable net earnings can afford larger free cash flows and therefore pay larger dividends. Furthermore the ownership concentration and market liquidity have the positive impact on dividend payout policy. Besides, the slack and leverage have the negative impact on dividend payout policy. The market capitalization and size of the firms have the negative impact on dividend payout policy which clearly shows that the firms prefer to invest in their assets rather than pay dividends to its shareholders.