Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Inpatient Aggression in Forensic Services Using Remote Monitoring Technology: Qualitative Study of Staff Perspectives

Background Monitoring risk of imminent aggression in inpatient forensic mental health services could be supported by passive remote monitoring technology, but staff attitudes toward the relevance and likelihood of engagement with this technology are unknown. Objective This study aimed to explore staff views, specifically potential benefits and implementation barriers, on using this technology for monitoring risk of inpatient aggression. Methods We conducted semistructured focus groups with nurses in an inpatient forensic mental health service. We used thematic analysis with two independent raters to identify themes and subthemes related to staff attitudes toward passive remote monitoring. We subsequently checked with members to ensure the validity of the themes identified by the raters. Results From January to March 2019, a total of 25 nurses took part in five focus groups. We identified five main themes, one of which concerned the potential benefits that passive remote monitoring could provide for monitoring risk of aggression. Staff suggested it could provide an early warning of impending aggression and enable support to be provided earlier. The remaining themes concerned implementation barriers, including risks to the users’ physical and mental well-being; data security concerns and potential access by third parties; the negative impact of a constant stream of real-time data on staff workload; and design characteristics and user awareness of the benefits of passive remote monitoring. Conclusions Passive remote monitoring technology could support existing methods of monitoring inpatient aggression risk, but multiple barriers to implementation exist. Empirical research is required to investigate whether these potential benefits can be realized, and to identify ways of addressing these barriers to ensure acceptability and user engagement.
Economic and livestock health impacts of birds on dairies: Evidence from a survey of Washington dairy operators

The survey described in this research paper aimed to investigate the economic and health impacts of birds on dairies. Birds are common pests on dairies, consuming and contaminating feed intended for cattle. As a result, dairy operators experience increased feed costs and increased pathogen and disease risk. We surveyed dairy operators attending the 2017 Washington Dairy Conference to examine the impact of birds on dairies in Washington State. Dairy operators reported feed losses valued at $55 per cow resulting in annual losses totaling $5.5 million in the Western region of the state and $9.2 million in the Eastern region of the state. Shooting was the most commonly used bird management method and European starlings (Sternus vulgaris) were the most frequently implicated species statewide. Bird abundance greater than 10,000 birds per day was associated with larger herd size and with self-reported presence of Johne’s disease and Salmonella.
The use of cellular matrix in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative “wear and tear” disorder affecting mainly population over 50 years old. It can also present in younger people, especially after an injury or as a part of other diseases. While many therapeutic options exist for knee osteoarthritis, none of them has the potential to cure this condition. Cellular Matrix represents a combination of natural non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA), thixotropic cell separation gel, and sodium citrate anticoagulant solution. A combination of Cellular Matrix with autologous platelet-rich plasma (A-PRP) is a novel therapeutic approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis. It is assumed that the active components HA and PRP have a synergistic effect contributing to a better therapeutic outcome in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy could provide an additional benefit. This is a retrospective pilot study assessing the potential benefit of Cellular Matrix and A-PRP combined with physiotherapy in the management of chronic knee osteoarthritis. Twenty-five patients were enrolled in the study and injected with three doses of Cellular Matrix combined with A-PRP with a time span of 2 weeks between each injection. All patients received standardized physiotherapy. The results showed that 68% of patients achieved more than 50% improvement in pain, stiffness, and function of the knee joints. There were no adverse reactions. This retrospective pilot study confirmed the positive effect of PRP and HA combination in the management of mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis. These preliminary results need to be verified in randomized control trials.
The Emergence of the Tobacco 21 Movement From Needham, Massachusetts, to Throughout the United States (2003-2019).

In February 2003, Needham, Massachusetts, became the first town in the nation to raise the minimum legal sales age for tobacco and nicotine products to 21 years (Tobacco 21). This legislation marked a dramatic departure from existing state and federal laws, which generally set the minimum sales age at 18 years. The Needham law significantly preceded and ultimately heralded the emergence of a nationwide movement to raise such sales age. As of May 2019, 14 states and more than 450 cities and counties have passed legislation raising the minimum legal sales age for tobacco and nicotine products to 21 years, covering more than 30% of the United States' population. The National Academy of Medicine projects that this policy will lower tobacco use rates, particularly among adolescents, and save a substantial number of lives. This narration of the process that led to Needham's passing of Tobacco 21 legislation and to the growth and spread of the Tobacco 21 movement highlights the significant role of public health advocacy and policy in the control of tobacco, the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United States. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 19, 2019: e1-e8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305209).
Differences in the impedance of cochlear implant devices within 24 hours of their implantation

Cochlear implantation is a surgical procedure, which is performed on severely hearing-impaired patients. Impedance field telemetry is commonly used to determine the integrity of the cochlear implant device during and after surgery. At the Department of Otolaryngology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan), the cochlear implant devices are switched on within 24 hours of their implantation. In the present study, the impedance changes of Advanced Bionics™ cochlear implant devices were compared with previous studies and other devices. The aim was to confirm previous hypotheses and to explore other potential associated factors that could influence impedance following cochlear implantation. The current study included 12 patients who underwent cochlear implantation at Cheng Hsin General Hospital with Advanced Bionics cochlear implant devices. The cochlear devices were all switched on within 24 hours of their implantation. The impedance was measured and compared across all contact channels of the electrode, both intra-operatively and post-operatively. The intra-operative impedance was compared with the switch-on impedance (within 24 hours of the cochlear implantation); the impedance was notably increased for all contact channels at switch-on. Of the 16 channels examined, 4 channels had a significant increase in impedance between the intra-operative measurement and the switch-on measurement. To the best of our knowledge, the impedance of a cochlear implant device can be affected by the diameter of the electrode, the position of the electrode arrays in the scala tympani, sheath formation and fibrosis surrounding the electrode after implantation and electrical stimulation during or after surgery. When the results of the current study were compared with previous studies, it was found that the impedance changes were opposite to that of Cochlear™ implant devices. This may be explained by the position of the electrode arrays, sheath formation, the blow-out effect and differences in electrical stimulation.
Efficacy of carbetocin in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized trials

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of carbetocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and related events after vaginal or cesarean delivery. Methods Medline, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched in February 2018 using combinations of the relevant MeSH terms, keywords. Randomized studies, comparing carbetocin to any other uterotonic agent, in the management of cesarean and vaginal deliveries, were conducted. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. A random-effects meta-analysis was used for quantitative synthesis. Also, Bayesian random-effect metaregression was used to estimate the posterior probabilities (PP) for benefits of carbetocin use. Results After the full-text review, 30 trials were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to oxytocin, carbetocin was associated with a reduced need for additional uterotonic use in women undergoing cesarean delivery (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.30–0.59, I 2 = 71%, 3216 women, PP > 99.9%). Women at high risk of PPH delivering vaginally also had a reduced need for additional uterotonic use with carbetocin compared to oxytocin (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.94, I 2 = 38%, 789 women, PP = 81.2%). The risk of postpartum blood transfusion (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33–0.96, I 2 = 0%, 1991 women, PP = 97.9%) was also less with carbetocin compared to oxytocin in high-risk women undergoing cesarean delivery. The risk of PPH was similar between carbetocin and other uterotonic agents for both cesarean (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.45–1.05, I 2 = 27%, 2926 women, PP = 96.3%) and vaginal deliveries (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.32–1.14, I 2 = 35%, 1515 women, PP = 88.9%). Conclusions Carbetocin is effective in reducing the need for additional uterotonic use and postpartum blood transfusion in women at increased risk of PPH undergoing cesarean delivery. There is still a need for high-quality trials on its effectiveness in preventing PPH in high-risk women. Precis Carbetocin is effective in reducing the need for additional uterotonic use and postpartum blood transfusion in high-risk women undergoing Cesarean delivery.
Analysis and Discrimination of Surface Electromyographic Features for Parkinson’s Disease during Elbow Flexion Movements

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Early intervention/treatment relies on early diagnosis of PD. There is increasing interest in methods based on electromyography measurements of PD patients because of its noninvasiveness. Thus, this study was to investigate electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of the upper limb between PD patients and healthy control subjects using EMG, and to distinguish PD patients from healthy control subjects according to the EMG information using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Sixteen right-handed PD patients and 25 right-handed healthy subjects participated in experiments involving elbow flexion movement. The frequency power, duration, skewness, recurrence rate, and correlation dimension of EMG signals and success rate for the right hand and the skewness of EMG signals for the left hand were found to be significantly different between the two groups. This information was subsequently used to distinguish PD patients from healthy control subjects using the SVM classifier to obtain a mean accuracy of 87.02%. Although the results may not be immediately available to use in clinical applications, the safety, simplicity and speed of the system still merits further consideration. Enhancing performance accuracy and examining PD patients in different stages of disease are anticipated in future investigations.
The effect of the source and dosage of dietary Cu on redox status in rat tissues.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether the amount of Cu added to the diet of rats can be reduced without adversely affecting the antioxidant status of tissues and growth, and whether copper nanoparticles can be used for this purpose. For four weeks, four experimental groups of rats were fed diets with two dosages of added Cu (standard-6.5 or 3.25 mg/kg) in two forms (standard-CuCO3 or copper nanoparticles). Replacing the CuCO3 supplement with CuNPs resulted in a decreased lung weight and an increased Cu content in brain, kidney and lung, intensification of lipid peroxidation processes, and weakened antioxidant defence in the lungs and kidneys. This treatment also reduced the Cu content in heart, level of lipid oxidation in the liver and testes and improved antioxidant defence in the brain. Reducing the addition of Cu to the diet from 6.5 to 3.25 mg/kg reduced lung weight and increased lipid peroxidation in the liver, heart and lungs, and also weakened antioxidant defence in the lungs and testes. This treatment also weakened the lipid peroxidation process in the spleen, small intestine and brain and strengthened the antioxidant defence of the brain and kidneys. In conclusion, replacing CuCO3 with CuNPs and reducing the level of Cu in the diet of rats has a particularly unfavourable effect on the respiratory system, causing adverse changes in the lungs. However, these treatments have a clearly positive effect on the redox status of the liver and brain.
Functional Deficits in the Less-Impaired Arm of Stroke Survivors Depend on Hemisphere of Damage and Extent of Paretic Arm Impairment

Background. Previous research has detailed the hemisphere dependence and specific kinematic deficits observed for the less-affected arm of patients with unilateral stroke. Objective. We now examine whether functional motor deficits in the less-affected arm, measured by standardized clinical measures of motor function, also depend on the hemisphere that was damaged and on the severity of contralesional impairment. Methods. We recruited 48 left-hemisphere-damaged (LHD) participants, 62 right-hemisphere-damaged participants, and 54 age-matched control participants. Measures of motor function included the following: (1) Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JHFT), (2) Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT), and (3) grip strength. We measured the extent of contralesional arm impairment with the upper-extremity component of the Fugl-Meyer (UEFM) assessment of motor impairment. Results. Ipsilesional limb functional performance deficits (JHFT) varied with both the damaged hemisphere and severity of contralesional arm impairment, with the most severe deficits expressed in LHD participants with severe contralesional impairment (UEFM). GPT and grip strength varied with severity of contralesional impairment but not with hemisphere. Conclusions. Stroke survivors with the most severe paretic arm impairment, who must rely on their ipsilesional arm for performing daily activities, have the greatest motor deficit in the less-affected arm. We recommend remediation of this arm to improve functional independence in this group of stroke patients.
“Future Patient” Telerehabilitation for Patients With Heart Failure: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 13%-15% of all deaths. Cardiac rehabilitation has poor compliance and adherence. Telerehabilitation has been introduced to increase patients’ participation, access, and adherence with the help of digital technologies. The target group is patients with heart failure. A telerehabilitation program called “Future Patient” has been developed and consists of three phases: (1) titration of medicine (0-3 months), (2) implementation of the telerehabilitation protocols (3 months), and (3) follow-up with rehabilitation in everyday life (6 months). Patients in the Future Patient program measure their blood pressure, pulse, weight, number of steps taken, sleep, and respiration and answer questions online regarding their well-being. All data are transmitted and accessed in the HeartPortal by patients and health care professionals. Objective The aim of this paper is to describe the research design, outcome measures, and data collection techniques in the clinical test of the Future Patient Telerehabilitation Program for patients with heart failure. Methods A randomized controlled study will be performed. The intervention group will follow the Future Patient Telerehabilitation program, and the control group will follow the traditional cardiac rehabilitation program. The primary outcome is quality of life measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes are development of clinical data; illness perception; motivation; anxiety and depression; health and electronic health literacy; qualitative exploration of patients’, spouses’, and health care professionals’ experiences of participating in the telerehabilitation program; and a health economy evaluation of the program. Outcomes were assessed using questionnaires and through the data generated by digital technologies. Results Data collection began in December 2016 and will be completed in October 2019. The study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. Results from the Future Patient Telerehabilitation program are expected to be published by the spring of 2020. Conclusions The expected outcomes are increased quality of life, increased motivation and illness perception, reduced anxiety and depressions, improved electronic health literacy, and health economics benefits. We expect the study to have a clinical impact for future telerehabilitation of patients with heart failure. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03388918; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03388918 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14517
PROTACs– a game-changing technology

ABSTRACT Introduction: Proteolysis – targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a new modality with the potential to revolutionize drug discovery. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules comprising of a ligand targeting a protein of interest, a ligand targeting an E3 ligase and a connecting linker. The aim is instead of inhibiting the target to induce its proteasomal degradation. Areas covered: PROTACs, due to their bifunctional design, possess properties that differentiate them from classical inhibitors. A structural analysis, based on published crystal aspects, kinetic features and aspects of selectivity are discussed. Specific types such as homoPROTACs, PROTACs targeting Tau protein and the first PROTACs recently entering clinical trials are examined. Expert opinion: PROTACs have shown remarkable biological responses in challenging targets, including an unprecedented selectivity over protein family members and even efficacy starting from weak or unspecific binders. Moreover, PROTACs are standing out from classical pharmacology by inducing the degradation of the target protein and not merely its inhibition. However, there are also challenges in the field, such as the rational structure optimization, the evolution of computational tools, limited structural data and the greatly anticipated clinical data. Despite the remaining hurdles, PROTACs are expected to soon become a new therapeutic category of drugs.
A Novel Robotic-Assisted Technique to Implant the Responsive Neurostimulation System.

BACKGROUND The responsive neurostimulation system (RNS) (NeuroPace Inc, Mountain View, California) was approved as an adjunctive therapy for medically refractory focal epilepsy. RNS detects epileptiform patterns and delivers electrical stimulation to abort seizures. OBJECTIVE To describe a novel technique of RNS lead implantation using robotic-assisted targeting of ictal-onset zones based on stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) localization. Secondary objectives are to report the accuracy of robotic-assisted lead implantation using the ROSA robot as well as to report the clinical outcome achieved after RNS implantation by this method. METHODS A total of 16 patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy underwent sEEG implantation for ictal-onset localization followed by robotic RNS implantation. The electrode most correlative with ictal onset on sEEG was chosen as the target for the RNS electrode. Seizure control was measured at 6-mo and 1-yr follow-up. Ictal-onset electrocorticography (ECoG) data from RNS were compared with ictal onset from sEEG leads based on calculations of lead target to actual lead location from the ROSA robot. RESULTS At 6-mo follow-up, the average percent seizure reduction was 82% based upon self-reported seizure diaries. At 1-yr follow-up, 8 patients had an average of 90% seizure reduction. The location of seizure onset from ECoG data show similar onset from sEEG leads within 0.165-mm discrepancy. CONCLUSION The ROSA robot provides an ideal method for targeting subcortical ictal-onset zones. This method of RNS lead implantation achieves high accuracy and is associated with favorable clinical outcomes.
The association between role model presence and self-regulation in early adolescence: A cross-sectional study

Purpose Self-regulation is the capacity to regulate attention, emotion, and behaviour to pursue long-term goals. The current study examined the associations between role model presence and self-regulation during early adolescence, controlling for hopefulness, using a large population-based data set from the Tokyo Teen Cohort study. Methods Adolescents, aged 12 years, identified a role model using a single item on a paper questionnaire: ‘Who is the person you most look up to? ’ Level of hopefulness was also assessed using a single question: ‘To what extent do you feel hopeful about the future of your life? ’ Trained investigators evaluated self-regulation. Results Of 2550 adolescents, 2279 (89.4%) identified a role model. After adjusting for level of hopefulness, identifying a role model was associated with higher levels of self-regulation in comparison to indications of no role model. Hopeful future expectations were also associated with higher self-regulation; however, the beta coefficient was smaller than role model presence in the multivariate linear regression analysis. Conclusions Role model presence was significantly associated with higher self-regulation among early adolescents. Educational environments should focus on support for adolescents with no role models.