Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Different Terrorist Attacks Affect Stock Markets

Terrorist attacks adversely affect the Pakistani stock market. However, such effect is short-lived: the market recovers from terrorist shocks in one day. The impact of attack depends on the locations and types of attack. The more severe the attack (i.e. more people killed), the more negative is the KSE-100 index return. Most interestingly, stock market contains information about future attacks. In sum, different tactics of terrorists have varied effects on financial markets, which in turn can predict terrorist attacks.
MAPK-activated Protein Kinase-2 (MK2)-mediated Formation and Phosphorylation-regulated Dissociation of the Signal Complex Consisting of p38, MK2, Akt, and Hsp27*

The p38 MAPK and heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) form a signaling complex with serine/threonine kinase Akt and MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2), which plays an important role in controlling stress-induced apoptosis and reorganizing actin cytoskeleton. However, regulation of the complex is poorly understood. In this study, the interaction between p38 and hsp27 was visualized in single living L929 cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology, while their association with Akt was examined by immunoprecipitation analysis. Under normal growth conditions, p38 kinase constitutively interacts with hsp27. When cells were exposed to H2O2 or stimulated by arachidonic acid, this interaction was disrupted. However, inhibition of the activation of p38 and Akt by selective inhibitors or overexpression of the kinase-dead mutant of p38 diminished such effects. Furthermore, mutation of phosphorylation sites of hsp27 renders the interaction resistant to H2O2 and arachidonic acid. It was interesting to find that the interaction disappeared in the cells from MK2-knock-out mice or the cells treated with lemptomycin B that blocks export of MK2 from nucleus to cytosol. However, MK2 is not required for the association of hsp27 with Akt. This study suggests that MK2 mediates the incorporation of p38 into the pre-existing complex of hsp27 with Akt. Phosphorylation of hsp27 finally breaks the signaling complex.
Comparison of Intra-organellar Chaperone Capacity for Dealing with Stress-induced Protein Unfolding*

Molecular chaperones are essential for cells to prevent that partially unfolded proteins form non-functional, toxic aggregates. This requirement is increased when cells experience protein unfolding stresses and such could affect all compartments in the eukaryotic cell. Whether all organelles are equipped with comparable chaperone capacities is largely unknown, mainly due to the lack of suitable reporters that allow such a comparison. Here we describe the development of fluorescent luciferase reporters that are sorted to various cellular locations (nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes) and that differ minimally in their intrinsic thermal stability properties. When heating living cells, the rate of inactivation was most rapid for the nuclear-targeted luciferase, indicating that the nucleus is the most sensitive organelle toward heat-induced denaturing stress. Post-heat re-activation, however, occurred at equal kinetics irrespective of luciferase localization. Also, induction of thermotolerance by a priming heat treatment, that coordinately up-regulates all heat-inducible chaperones, resulted in a transient heat resistance of the luciferase in all organelles in a comparable manner. Overexpression of the main heat-inducible Hsp70 family member, HspA1A, protected only the cytosolic and nuclear, but not the other luciferases. Together, our data suggest that in each compartment investigated, including the peroxisome in which so far no chaperones could be detected, chaperone machines are present and can be induced with activities similar to those present in the cytosolic/nuclear compartment.
Is there really a unit root in the inflation rate? More evidence from panel data models

Time series unit root evidence suggests that inflation is nonstationary. By contrast, when using more powerful panel unit root tests, Culver and Papell (1997) find that inflation is stationary. In this article, we test the robustness of this result by applying a battery of recent panel unit root tests. The results suggest that the stationarity of inflation holds even after controlling for cross-sectional dependence and structural change.
Mix and Match Compatibility with Vertical Product Dimensions

This article considers a duopoly in which each firm produces two components of a system. If the components are compatible, consumers may "mix and match" the firms' components. The system components and consumer tastes are assumed to differ with regard to vertical characteristics. In the model, one firm may be the quality leader in one or both characteristics. Moreover, a consumer's taste for the quality of one component may be perfectly correlated with, or independent of, his taste for the quality of the other component. It is shown that in all cases the sum of each producer's component prices is (weakly) higher if the components are compatible. The same is true of producer profits.
High incidence of delayed graft function in HIV‐infected kidney transplant recipients

Kidney transplantation (KT) outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected recipients are under continuous research. High incidence of early post‐transplant complications such as acute rejection has been observed. A multicenter study including HIV‐infected patients who underwent KT in Spain, from 2001 to 2011, was performed. The study population included 108 recipients, 36 HIV‐infected, and 72 matched HIV‐negative KT recipients. HIV‐infected recipients developed more delayed graft function (DGF) (52% vs. 21%, P < 0.001). One‐ and 3‐year graft survival was 91.6% and 86.2% in HIV‐infected patients, and 97.1% and 94.7% in HIV‐negative patients (P = 0.052). In two‐variate Cox analysis, HIV infection was not a predictor of graft loss after adjusting for time on dialysis, acute rejection, and DGF. Multivariate analysis for DGF revealed HIV‐positive status as independent risk factor. We analyzed the evolution of immunosuppressive and antiretroviral therapy (ART). In HIV‐infected patients tacrolimus trough levels were very high in the first week and significantly lower in the second week post‐transplant (P = 0.042). Post‐transplant ART was significantly changed: protease inhibitors use decreased (P = 0.034) and integrase inhibitor use increased (P < 0.001). DGF is another frequent early complication in HIV‐infected recipients that can affect graft survival. Strategies to prevent DGF and antiretroviral regimes with less drug interactions could improve outcomes.
Marrow fat and bone--new perspectives.

CONTEXT There is growing interest in the relationship between bone mineral density, bone strength, and fat depots. Marrow adipose tissue, a well-established component of the marrow environment, is metabolically distinct from peripheral fat depots, but its functional significance is unknown. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discuss animal and human data linking the marrow adipose tissue depot to parameters of bone density and integrity as well as the potential significance of marrow adipose tissue in metabolic diseases associated with bone loss, including type 1 diabetes mellitus and anorexia nervosa. Potential hormonal determinants of marrow adipose tissue are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that whereas most animal and human data demonstrate an inverse association between marrow adipose tissue and measures of bone density and strength, understanding the functional significance of marrow adipose tissue and its hormonal determinants will be critical to better understanding its role in skeletal integrity and the role of marrow adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of bone loss.
NICHE DIMENSIONALITY AND THE GENETICS OF ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION

Niche dimensionality is suggested to be a key determinant of ecological speciation (“multifarious selection” hypothesis), but genetic aspects of this process have not been investigated theoretically. We use Fisher's geometrical model to study how niche dimensionality influences the mean fitness of hybrids formed upon secondary contact between populations adapting in allopatry. Gaussian selection for an optimum generates two forms of reproductive isolation (RI): an extrinsic component due to maladaptation of the mean phenotype, and an intrinsic variance load resulting from what we term transgressive incompatibilities between mutations fixed in different populations. We show that after adaptation to a new environment, RI increases with (1) the mean initial maladaptation of diverging population, and (2) niche dimensionality, which increases the phenotypic variability of fixed mutations. Under mutation selection drift equilibrium in a constant environment, RI accumulates steadily with time, at a rate that also increases with niche dimensionality. A similar pattern can be produced by successive shifts in the optimum phenotype. Niche dimensionality thus has an effect per se on postzygotic isolation, beyond putative indirect effects (stronger selection, more genes). Our mechanism is consistent with empirical evidence about transgressive segregation in crosses between divergent populations, and with patterns of accumulation of RI with time in many taxa.
The Role of Customer Orientation in the Relationship Between Manager Communications and Customer Satisfaction

Within the restaurant and hospitality industry, employee behaviors and relationships are important in determining customer satisfaction. The present study extended the hospitality literature regarding customer satisfaction in three ways using a cross-sectional survey design. First, the relationship between manager communications and customer orientation was explored, and results supported a positive, significant relationship. Second, this study helped confirm past studies that have tested the relationship between customer orientation and customer satisfaction using a single-item customer response measure. Finally, a meditational test examined whether customer orientation carries the full influence of a manager’s communication and the resulting customer satisfaction. Results supported the meditational test. Practical and theoretical implications are explored for both hospitality researchers and practitioners.
Factors influencing the response of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients.

OBJECTIVE To determine factors influencing response of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive, analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Pakistan Medical Research Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January 1998 to December 2009. METHODOLOGY Patients of chronic hepatitis C treated with conventional interferon were retrospectively analyzed. End treatment response at 6 months for genotype 2 and 3 and one-year for genotype 1 and 4 was assessed. Sustained virological response was checked after 6 months of cessation of therapy. Non-compliant and incomplete follow-up cases were excluded. Factors influencing the response to therapy were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 932 cases received interferon therapy 103 were lost to follow-up and were excluded. Treatment was completed in 829 cases end treatment response was 74% (615 out of 829 cases). Six months post-treatment follow-up was available in 492 cases. Sustained virological response was seen in 63% (308 out of 492 cases). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed significantly better response in patients with <40 years of age, body weight>70 kg, normal platelet count, serum albumin>4.0 grams, non diabetic patients and those with a normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at 1st month of therapy. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only age<40 years was significantly important for sustained virological response. CONCLUSION For conventional interferon therapy, age<40 years is the best predictor for sustained virological response, however, better response can be achieved in patients with <70 kg weight, normal platelet count, serum albumin>4.0 grams, non-diabetics and patients having normal ALT at 1st month of therapy.
Distinguishing between short and long range dependence: Finite sample properties of rescaled range and modified rescaled range

Mostly used estimators of Hurst exponent for detection of long-range dependence are biased by presence of short-range dependence in the underlying time series. We present confidence intervals estimates for rescaled range and modified rescaled range. We show that the difference in expected values and confidence intervals enables us to use both methods together to clearly distinguish between the two types of processes. The estimates are further applied on Dow Jones Industrial Average between 1944 and 2009 and show that returns do not show any long-range dependence whereas volatility shows both short-range and long-range dependence in the underlying process.
Policy in Practice: The Implementation of Structured English Immersion in Arizona

This study examines the implementation and organization of the state mandated curriculum in the 4-hour SEI block in 18 K-12 classrooms in 5 different districts. We focus on the effects of grouping by language proficiency, the delivery of the structure-based ESL curriculum, the provision of resources and limiting of access to grade-level curriculum, and problems of promotion and graduation for ELLs. In each of these areas, the implementation of the SEI 4- hour block raises concerns with regard to equal educational opportunity and access to English. Key among the findings of this study are: ELLs are physically, socially, and educationally isolated from their non-ELL peers; they are not exiting the program in one year, raising serious questions about the time these students must remain in these segregated settings; reclassification rates are a poor indicator of success in mainstream classrooms; and the four-hour model places ELLs at a severe disadvantage for high school graduation. The only means for these students to graduate with their peers appears to be through after school and summer school programs that either did not exist or had been cut. Also available at http://civilrightsproject.ucla. edu
A Cross Cultural Comparison of Problems in Business Process Reengineering Initiatives

Abstract Reengineering is rooted in the United States and has since spread to many other NICs (newly industrialized countries) like Singapore. As experience in reengineering accumulates, it is time to explore empirically the different types of problems commonly encountered and the impact of these problems on reengineering success. Also this study looks at whether the same types of problems are relevant in a Chinese-based society like Singapore. The study results show that many of the difficulties encountered in implementing BPR in the U.S. apply equally to Singapore. On the other hand, there are also significant differences between the two countries. While change management and management support problems have been identified as critical problems (which are severe and at the same time have a high impact on BPR success) in the U.S., project management and cultural issues are found to be critical problems in Singapore. It is concluded that culture does affect the types of problems encountered and their impact on reengineering success.
ARE GOOD INTENTIONS ENOUGH? AN INVESTIGATION OF HOW MENTOR EXPERIENCES AND EXPERTISE AFFECT MENTOR-MENTEE RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND TARGETED YOUTH OUTCOMES

In the United States, youth mentoring programs are becoming an increasingly popular educational partnership between community adults and local children. Even though programs rely on mentors to help achieve the desired outcomes, very little is known about ‘what matters’ in a mentor. Adhering to functionalist, human capital, teacher quality and possible selves theories, this study examines if certain mentor experiences and expertise including motivation, education and knowledge areas facilitate relationship development and positive changes in the mentee’s future possible self. A secondary data analysis, this study involved survey responses from 119 mentor-mentee pairs involved in a citywide mentoring program. Multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between the explanatory mentor characteristics and the relationship and youth outcome variables along three different paths: 1) effect of mentor attributes on relationship quality; 2) effect of mentor attributes on mentee future possible self; and 3) effect of mentor attributes on mentee future possible self; accounting for relationship quality. Perceptions of relationship quality and changes in mentee’s future possible self are measured by the program’s most important stakeholders: the youth. This study confirmed prior research that suggests relationship quality is positive and significant in yielding targeted youth outcomes. However, this study extends the research in several important areas. First, certain mentor domains such as prior experiences with youth and with program content affect their ability to develop high-quality relationships. Second, even when high-quality relationships exist, certain mentor domains further facilitate or hinder their ability to achieve targeted youth outcomes. As such, this study establishes an inter-dependent relationship between relationship quality and future mentee outcomes suggesting mentoring programs must understand mentor quality by their ability to develop high quality relationships with youth and their ability to affect longer-term outcomes. This study offers more precise recommendations to programs by summarizing the mentor experiences and expertise that were found to be both significant and insignificant in facilitating high relationship quality and the longer-term outcome of changes in the mentee future possible self. Programs can use these findings to inform their mentor recruitment, selection and retention strategies.
An epidemiological study of pulmonary function tests in geriatric population of central India.

We have studied Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) namely Vital Capacity (VC). Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second (FEV1). Forced Expiratory Flow(FEF 25-50%) in 1200 elderly subjects above 60 years of age of which 570 were females and 630 males. Mean age was 69.22 +/- 5.57 years in males and 68.77 +/- 5.44 in females. The mean value of ventilatory parameters were as follows-1) VC 2.99 +/- 0.5 lt in males and 1.89 +/- 0.29 lt in females. 2) FVC 2.69 +/- 0.58 lt. in males and 1.76 +/- 0.21 lt in females. 3) FEV1/FVC% 83.82 +/- 10.62% in males and 83.37 +/- 11.93% in females. 4) FEF 25-75% was 2.81 +/- 1.20 lt/sec in males and 2.13 +/- 1.27 lt/sec. Physical as well as ventilatory parameters were less in females than for males. The correlation of age with VC and FEV1 was highly significant (P < 0.01) but with FVC was not significant (P > 0.05). The correlation of height, weight and body surface area was not significant with any ventilatory parameter (P > 0.05). Multiple regression equations for VC, FVC and FEV1 were formulated for males and females taking height and age as variables. The predicted values correlated excellently with observed values.
The relationship of heart rate and heart rate variability to non‐diabetic fasting glucose levels and the metabolic syndrome: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Background Increased heart rate (HR) and diminished heart rate variability (HRV) are signs of early cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. We tested the hypotheses that increased HR and diminished HRV are present in people: (i) with increased fasting glucose (FG) levels not in the range of diabetes mellitus (DM), and (ii) in people with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) independent of elevated FG levels.
LINKING MICRO DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY and DECISION‐MAKING: TRADE‐OFFS BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE IN A PARTISAN CITIZEN FORUM

The paper argues that decision‐making is central to deliberative democracy, especially in its micro institutional form. However, distinct trade‐offs between theory and practice are required to ensure that this link is present. These trade‐offs also vary depending on whether the forums are based on sortition or partisanship. The paper locates the trade‐offs at the various decision‐making stages between theory and practice in a partisan citizen forum in the Peak District in the UK.
Free Cash Flow, Issuance Costs, and Stock Prices

We develop a dynamic model of a firm facing agency costs of free cash flow and external financing costs, and derive an explicit solution for the firm's optimal balance sheet dynamics. Financial frictions affect issuance and dividend policies, the value of cash holdings, and the dynamics of stock prices. The model predicts that the marginal value of cash varies negatively with the stock price, and positively with the volatility of the stock price. This yields novel insights on the asymmetric volatility phenomenon, on risk management policies, and on how business cycles and agency costs affect the volatility of stock returns.
Private Voluntary Disclosure, Financial Intermediation and Market Efficiency

This paper describes how 33 large UK companies communicated with their core shareholders, the large UK financial institutions. It focuses on the private voluntary information flows from the investee company to the financial institution (FI) and their eventual release into the public domain. The case is put for the development of a combined theory, which would link, "inter alia", private and public disclosure, financial intermediation, informed trading, and market efficiency. This theory development would provide a more coherent framework for understanding the role of financial reports and other public corporate disclosure behaviour in user decisions. It would also play an important role in developing corporate finance theory and its prescriptions for corporate management. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1998.
Monetary Policy in East Asia: the Case of Singapore

The Monetary Authority of Singapore conducts policy by adjusting the Singapore dollar fs effective exchange rate so as to achieve macroeconomic goals for the economy fs inflation rate and output gap. Estimates of a policy rule of the Taylor type, except with exchange rate appreciation serving as the instrument/indicator variable, substantiate this interpretation. That this rule reflects policy that is much like inflation targeting is evidenced by the absence of any significant role for the real exchange rate as a distinct target variable in addition to inflation and the output gap. Simulations with a dynamic model of a small open economy illustrate that this type of rule can be relatively more advantageous in economies that (like Singapore) are extremely open to international trade. The analysis illustrates that monetary policy and exchange rate policy are two sides of the same coin, which suggests that assignment of exchange rate management to a nation fs fiscal authority is an anachronism.