Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antitumor activity of Neem leaf Extract and Nimbolide on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells in Mice

Background: Azadirachta indica (Neem) has been used traditionally for many centuries. Some impressive therapeutic qualities have been discovered. Aim: Our study aims to investigate the in vivo antitumor and antioxidant activities of Ethanolic Neem Leaf Extract (ENLE) and its fraction called Nimbolide, a limonoid present in leaves and flowers of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). Also, to study the side effects of the ethanolic Neem leaf extract and Nimbolide fraction on the liver and kidney. Materials & Methods: We assessed the effect of nimbolide and ethanolic Neem leaves extract (ENLE) on replicative lifespan prolongation in vitro and on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Caspase-3, and Cytochrome c. Also, our study estimated their effect on Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Total Protein (TP), Albumin (Alb), bilirubin, urea and creatinine. Results: Ethanolic neem leaves extract and nimbolide resulted in increases in replicative lifespan. Also, they showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide and an increase in catalase, glutathione peroxidase, caspase-3 activities, and cytochrome c concentration. Hence, it may be possible that Nimbolide and ENLE decrease lipid peroxidation level due to their antioxidant effect and enhance apoptosis. The Neem leaves extract and nimbolide showed no side effects on liver and kidney. Also, they showed a significant protection for both liver and kidney histopathologically.
Penentuan Kadar Fenol Total Dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban) Dan Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa(Scheff.) Boerl.)

Many diseases that were originally caused by free radicals, so that free radicals and antioxidants observed extensively in the world of health. Gotu kola herb and fruit Mahkota Dewa were supposed to have antioxidant activity that can reduce the activity of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the total phenol content and the antioxidant activity of the combination of herbal extracts of Gotu kola (Centella asiatica L. Urban) and Mahkota Dewa fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. ) Gotu kola herb extracts and Mahkota Dewa fruit extracts obtained by maceration using ethanol 70% with the ratio between crude drug powder and solvent was 1: 5. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl). Total phenol content was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry reagent Folin- Ciocalteau the results expressed in gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE / 100 g extract). The result shows that the combination of the ethanol extract of Centellaasiatica herb and Mahkota Dewa fruit in the ratio of 1: 1 has a total phenol content of 3.67 mg GAE / 100 g of extract and active as an antioxidant with IC50 value of 67.07 mg / mL, and vitamin C as active comparison as an antioxidant with IC50 value of 8.81 mg / mL. This study shows that a combination of herbal extracts between Gotu Kola and MahkotaDewa have potentials as natural antioxidants. Keywords— Gotu Kola herb, Mahkota Dewa fruit, total phenols, Folin-Ciocalteau, DPPH
Effect of some Biostimulants Materials on Growth, Yield, Quality and Storability of Sweet Pepper.

This experiment was carried out under plastic house conditions during winter seasons of 2016 – 2017 and 2017 – 2018 in a clay loam at Agricultural Experiment Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University and Laboratory of Handling of Vegetable Crops Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, to study the effect of some bio-stimulant, viz., seaweed extract (SWE) at 0.2%, humic acid (HA) at 0.2% and biofertile (BF) at 2% as foliar spray as compared with untreated plants as control on vegetative growth, yield and its components, fruit quality and storability of sweet pepper fruits Monist F1 hybrid. Results indicated that plant treated with biofertile produced the highest value of all growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves/ plant and chlorophyll reading (SPAD) in leaves), yield and its component (fruit weight, number of fruits/ plant and total yield/ plot) and fruit quality (physical properties, viz., fruit length, flesh thickness and firmness and chemical properties viz., total soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents) followed by humic acid. Also, sweet pepper fruits obtained from plants treated with biofertile was the most effective treatment for improving storability and maintaining fruit quality attributes, which gave the lowest values of weight loss% and maintained fruit color, firmness, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content and gave good appearance of fruits after 28 days of storage at 10° C and 95% relative humidity.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Silver Complexes of Nitrogen Confused Scorpionate Ligands

Scorpionate ligands are one of the most crucial nitrogen donor ligands in coordination chemistry. The scorpionate ligands have served as excellent ligand scaffolds for investigating iron(II) spin crossover chemistry. In this study, the complex, [Fe(HL*)2](OTf)2, 1, where HL* = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)(3-1H-pyrazole)methane was prepared which exhibited multiple solid-state structures and solvates. Six crystalline forms of 1 were prepared by controlling the crystallization conditions. Thus, when reagents are combined in CH3CN, an equilibrium mixture of cis- and trans- is established that favors the latter below 310K. Among the six crystal forms, trans-1, trans-1.CH3CN, cis-1 and co-1 undergo SCO below 250K while trans-1.xCH3CN (x=2,4) solvates do not undergo SCO before desolvation. Another application of the scorpionates is in nitrene transfer reactions. In this contribution, two new N-confused C-scorpionates, TsLipr2 and HLipr2, each with two ‘normal’ 3,5-diisopropylpyrazolyl groups, and either an N-tosyl or N-H group on the ‘confused’ pz were synthesized. These new ligands complement those previously described dimethylpyrazolyl derivatives, HL* and TSL*, which have less bulky ‘normal’ pyrazol-1-yls. For these two bulky N-confused scorpionate ligands, the 2:1 and 1:1 ligand:silver complexes were prepared and characterized both structurally and spectroscopically. Their potential as catalysts for nitrene transfer reactions was also investigated.
The Contribution of the Student’s Collocation Mastery to Vocabulary Mastery

Collocation is one of the aspects affecting vocabulary mastery. However, the knowledge which the students had in collocation was not in line with theunderstanding and use of the single words. Therefore, they had difficulties in using and choosing the appropriate words in different contexts of communication. In order to know the contribution of collocation to the students‟ vocabulary mastery, a test of collocation and a test of vocabulary mastery which included collocation as part of it were applied as the instruments of the research. The sample of the research was selected by applying cluster random sampling. This study proved that the collocation contributes significantly to the student‟s vocabulary mastery. Therefore, collocation and vocabulary mastery could not be treated separately in vocabulary learning and teaching.
Pressure dependence of elastic properties of wurtzite ZnO crystal

ABSTRACT We present the pressure dependence of elastic properties of the wurtzite phase of ZnO undergoing wurtzite to the rocksalt phase transition. A simple Landau theory is developed to describe the structural phase transition between wurtzite to rocksalt phases observed in ZnO. We have defined the necessary order parameter of the wurtzite to the rocksalt phase transition. We present a detailed analysis of the pressure dependence of the elastic and shear constants of the wurtzite phase of ZnO. The theoretical predictions are in the line with experimental results.
Stacking polytypes of mixed alkali gallides/indides A1–2(Ga/In)3 (A=K, Rb, Cs): synthesis, crystal chemistry and chemical bonding

Abstract The Ga/In phase width (y) and the distribution of the two triels within the polyanions of known binary (x = 1, 2) and new ternary ‘intermediate’ (x = 1–2) alkali trielides Ax(Ga1−yIny)3 (A = K, Rb, Cs) was investigated in a synthetic (slow cooling of the melts of the three elements), crystallographic (X-ray single crystal) and bond theoretical (FP-LAPW DFT bandstructure calculation) study. The Cs2In3-type structure (x = 2, series A, tetragonal, I 4/mmm) exhibits layers of four-connected closo octahedra [M6]4−. Ternary K compounds of this type were yielded within a large range (y = 0–0.87), whereas isotypic Rb/Cs trielides exist only at higher In contents (>52/69%). Geometric criteria determine not only the Ga/In stability ranges but also the occurrence of a commensurate superstructure at approx. 33% In (K2Ga2.17In0.83: P 42/ncm, a = 879.83(4), c = 1557.66(10) pm, R 1 = 0.0887), in which the octahedra are slightly tilted against the layers. Cesium compounds of the RbGa3-type structure (x = 1, C, tetragonal, I 4̅m2), which exhibits a 3D network of all-exo bonded closo dodecahedra [M8]2− and four-bonded M− anions, are stable throughout the whole substitutional range CsGa3–CsIn3. The maximum possible In content increases with increasing size of A+ (Cs: 100%, Rb: 30%, K: 8% In). The similarities between these two tetragonal structures are consistent with the occurrence of two new structure types of ‘intermediate’ compounds A7M15 (x = 1.4, 1B/2B), which differ in the stacking sequences of double layers of novel six-fold exo-bonded pentagonal bipyramidal closo clusters [M7]3− connected via four-bonded M− (e.g. 1B: Cs7Ga8.4In6.6, P 4̅m2, a = 656.23(3), c = 1616.0(1) pm, R 1 = 0.0742; 2B: Rb7Ga8.1In6. 9, P 42/nmc, a = 665.64(2), c = 3140.9(2) pm, R 1 = 0.0720). The Rb/Cs compounds of these types are only stable in a limited Ga/In region and with a distinct Ga/In distribution within the [M7] clusters. According to the close relation between the structures A, B and C, the structure family is characterised by the occurrence of stacking faults and diffuse scattering, indicating the existence of further members of this series. The new compound Cs5Ga3.1In5. 9 (x = 1.667, P 4̅m2, a = 654.62(2), c = 3281.5(2) pm, R 1 = 0.1005) is a reasonably periodically ordered stacking variant containing layers A and double layers B in parallel.
Cellular mechanisms of visual processing in the mammalian brain

In the canonical circuit of the mammalian visual cortex, visual information from the retina, through projections of the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), reaches layer 4 (L4) of the primary visual cortex (V1). This classical view on visual information processing was pioneered by the seminal work of Hubel & Wiesel, which established an influential model that orientation selectivity in V1 emerges at the information transfer from the LGN to L4. However, the generality of this model was challenged by recent findings in mice demonstrating that a large portion of orientation and direction selective neurons exist in the LGN. These findings implied the existence of alternative models for orientation selectivity, at least for the mouse visual system. In the present study, we used new methodological developments to study the cellular and circuit mechanisms of orientation selectivity in the mouse visual system. First, we performed two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal populations in L4 of the mouse V1 and identified highly responsive but orientation/direction selective neurons in L4 (super-responsive neurons, SR neurons). These SR neurons represent a small fraction of L4 neurons (about 5%) and fired more than 20 action potentials per second in response to preferred stimulus direction. Next, we targeted the SR neurons for dendritic calcium imaging and electrophysiological recording to study their apical tuft dendrites. Interestingly, these dendrites generated reliable dendritic calcium spikes to preferred direction of drifting gratings. The dendritic calcium spikes were proved to be NMDA-receptor dependent and required tuned synaptic inputs in layer 1. Furthermore, they correlated with high frequency somatic action potentials and contributed substantially to the output of SR neurons. In conclusion, our study revealed an important role of active apical tuft dendrites in visual processing in L4 of mouse V1 and provided new insights in cortical computation.
Constructing Multifunctional Interphase between Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 and Li Metal by Magnetron Sputtering for Highly Stable Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries

Due to high ionic conductivity and low cost, Li1.4Al0. 4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) has emerged as a promising solid‐state electrolyte for next‐generation lithium (Li) metal solid‐state batterie with high safety performance and energy density. However, the extremely high impedance and surface instability of LATP with Li metal retard its practical application. Herein, a novel method is proposed to construct an ultrathin ZnO layer that is tightly coated on the LATP pellets, surface (ZnO@LATP) via magnetron sputtering, which in situ reacts with Li to form a low electronic conductivity and multifunctional solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The formed SEI can not only effectively lower the interfacial resistance, but also overcome the side reactions of LATP with the Li metal anode and suppress the Li dendrite growth. Specifically, the interface resistance decreases from 80 554 to 353 Ω and the overpotential reduces from 1 V to 20 mV. As a result, the Li/ZnO@LATP@ZnO/Li symmetric batteries can stably cycle for more than 2000 h without short circuit at 0.05 mA cm−2 and Li/ZnO@LATP/LiFePO4 batteries show excellent cycle stability for 200 cycles at 0.1 C. This work highlights the significance of multifunctional interphase between LATP and Li metal for improvement of interfacial impedance and instability.
Organic residue analysis and the role of Lapita pottery

The social practices related to food preparation and consumption are known to reveal important aspects of any culture, as resources are usually consumed not only for their taste and nutritional value but also for the significance they hold in specific contexts (Twiss 2012). Organic residue analysis represents a useful way to identify specific foods and relate them directly to artefacts. In contexts where containers are thought to bear a special value, directly identifying the content of pottery through organic residue analysis has the potential to highlight the status of different food resources within the community.
Ethyl Glucuronide, Ethyl Sulfate and Acetone as Biomarkers for Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizers Chronic Exposure in Health Care Workers

Introduction: health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to alcohols during hand antisepsis by both dermal contact and inhalation. This study aimed to assess the ethanol and isopropanol (ISOP) absorption in HCWs due to alcohol based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) use in real work conditions and to characterize the highest measurable concentrations of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) that could be produced by ABHSs use in order to recommend appropriate threshold concentrations specific enough to eliminate the possibility of false positive results due to incidental exposures to ethanol in Egypt. Subject and Methods: ethanol and ISOP absorption were assessed in 74 HCWs using ABHSs during regular 8-hours working shift through measuring urinary concentrations of ethanol and its metabolites ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) before the ABHSs use and for the following 24 hours as well as blood ISOP and its metabolite acetone were measured before ABHSs use and at the end of 8-hours shift. Results: the highest maximum median urinary ethanol (8.75 mg/L), EtG (538.93 ng/mL) and EtS (62 ng/mL) as well as blood ISOP (4.9 mg/L) and acetone (6.32 mg/L) concentrations were recorded in group III (excessive ABHSs use), all these parameters returned to base line within 24 hours. Parameters were correlated to frequency, quantity of ABHSs used. EtG was correlated positively to the concentration of ethanol in ABHSs. Conclusion: ABHSs use generated measurable levels of ethanol, EtG and EtS in urine as well as ISOP and acetone in blood. their concentrations decrease to baseline levels within 24 hours (not accumulated). EtG cut off of 1000 ng/ml and EtS cut off 100ng/ml seemed to be more promising in identification of incidental alcohol use in HCWs. Measuring EtS with EtG might be useful in incidental ethanol exposure.
The influence of salinity on the vegetative growth, osmolytes and chloride concentration of four halophytic species

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the influence of salinity of the fertigation solution on the vegetative growth, as well as on the osmolytes and chloride concentration of four halophytic species. Results show that the increase of salinity caused the reduction of plant fresh and dry matter in Asteriscus maritimus, while plant dry weight was unaffected by the salinity in Crithmum maritimum, Halimione. portulacoides and Limonium cossonianum. Salinity enhanced root growth of H. portulacoides. Salt-induced succulence was detected in A. maritimus. The translocation of Cl– to the leaves is an important factor responsible for salt tolerance of A. maritimus and H. portulacoides. However, C. maritimum and L. cossonianum restricted the uptake of Cl– and excrete salts through the leaves. Crithmum maritimum and H. portulacoides accumulated proline and soluble sugars in leaves which acts as osmoprotectant. Among the species studied, H. portulacoides has the greatest Cl– phytoextraction efficiency.
Automatic Semantic Labelling of Urban Areas using a rule-based approach and realized with MeVisLab

The article is about a project done at the ITC faculty of the University of Twente. It describes a rule-based system and the actual implementation of a model to perform an automatic semantic labelling of urban areas. There will be a short introduction and some information about the software that was used in this project and the subset data that was used. Followed by the explanation of the model we will show and assess the result and the accuracy assessment.
A model-based analysis of foliar NOx deposition

Abstract. Foliar deposition of NO2 removes a large fraction of the global soil-emitted NOx. Understanding the mechanisms of NOx foliar loss is important for constraining surface ozone, constraining NOx mixing ratios, and assessing the impacts of nitrogen inputs to ecosystems. We have constructed a 1-D multibox model with representations of chemistry and vertical transport to evaluate the impact of leaf-level processes on canopy-scale concentrations, lifetimes, and canopy fluxes of NOx. Our model is able to closely replicate canopy fluxes and above-canopy NOx daytime mixing ratios observed during two field campaigns, one in a western Sierra Nevada pine forest (BEARPEX-2009) and the other in a northern Michigan mixed hardwood forest (UMBS-2012). We present a conceptual argument for the importance of NO2 dry deposition and demonstrate that NO2 deposition can provide a mechanistic explanation for the canopy reduction of NOx. We show that foliar deposition can explain observations suggesting as much as ∼60 % of soil-emitted NOx is removed within forest canopies. Stomatal conductances greater than 0.1 cm s−1 result in modeled canopy reduction factors in the range of those used in global models, reconciling inferences of canopy NOx reduction with leaf-level deposition processes. We show that incorporating parameterizations for vapor pressure deficit and soil water potential has a substantial impact on predicted NO2 deposition in our model, with the percent of soil NOx removed within one canopy increasing by ∼15 % in wet conditions compared to dry conditions. NO2 foliar deposition was also found to have a significant impact on ozone and nitrogen budgets under both high- and low-NOx conditions.
A SIMPLE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AZITHROMYCIN, FLUCONAZOLE AND ORNIDAZOLE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate a new rapid and more sensitive Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of azithromycin, fluconazole and ornidazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: Separation was achieved with a cap cell pack C18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5μ) with an isocratic mobile phase containing a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer pH 4.8 [adjusted with ortho-phosphoric acid] (50:50 % v/v) at the flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection was monitored at 210 nm. Results: The retention time (Rt) of azithromycin, fluconazole and ornidazole were found to be 4.82±0.01, 5.25±0.01 and 6.33±0.01 min respectively. The precision was found with<1.5% of %RSD. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration ranging from 500-1000 µg/ml for azithromycin, 75-150 µg/ml for fluconazole and 375-750 µg/ml for ornidazole with the correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999. The percentage recovery was found to be within the specified range i.e., 98-102 % for three drugs. Limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 5.810, 1.790 and 4.924 µg/ml, whereas Limit of quantification limits (LOQ) was found to be 9.834, 2.667 and 7.980 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: A simple isocratic liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of azithromycin, fluconazole and ornidazole in their formulations. Due to its simplicity, rapidness and specificity, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of these drugs.
Silicon stimulates initial growth and chlorophyll a/b ratio in rice seedlings, and alters the concentrations of Ca, B, and Zn in plant tissues

Abstract Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element for plants due to the far-reaching benefits it confers, including enhanced growth, yield, and crop quality, as well as stress resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Si during germination and initial growth (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM Si) and during vegetative growth (0, 1, 2, or 3 mM Si) in rice (Oryza sativa) cv. Morelos A-98. Si did not affect germination but stimulated seedling height, root length, number of roots, as well as fresh and dry biomass weight of shoots and roots during initial growth. During vegetative growth, the application of 3 mM Si significantly increased the chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio, but no major changes were observed either in growth or in concentrations of most nutrients, with the exception of Ca (which increased with 3 mM Si), and B and Zn (which decreased in the presence of Si). In conclusion, applying Si had positive effects during the initial stage of growth, increasing seedling height, root length, root number, and fresh and dry biomass weight. Under our experimental conditions, Si did not affect germination and vegetative growth, but increased Ca concentrations and decreased B and Zn concentrations.
Physical, mechanical and biological evaluation of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)-chitosan/MWNTs as a novel electrospun scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering applications

ABSTRACT Designing scaffolds with appropriate mechanical properties is a challenge in tissue engineering. In this study, electrospun scaffolds were fabricated by mixing different percent of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-chitosan solution. Scanning electron microscopy of the scaffolds revealed bead-free nanofibers with pore volume of 83%, which had a direct relationship with fiber diameter. The nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited higher hydrophilicity and lower degradation rate due to the presence of MWNTs. The tensile strength of scaffolds improved significantly in the presence of MWNTs (about three-fold higher than PHB-chitosan). Chondrocyte culture study showed better cell adhesion and growth in nanocomposite scaffolds. Graphical abstract