Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seeing is remembering: Do deficits in closure affect visual memory recognition in schizophrenia?

Introduction. Episodic memory is significantly impaired in people with schizophrenia. The precise cause of this impairment has yet to be determined, as the formation of episodic memories is dependent on other processes, some of which also show impairment in schizophrenia. One such process is closure, that is, the filling-in of missing information. Failure to close adequately incomplete stimuli may cause people with schizophrenia to store inadequate or piecemeal representations in memory. Methods. Forty people with schizophrenia and 21 healthy comparison subjects participated in the study. The experiment was divided into six blocks, each of which involved both an encoding and a recognition phase. During the encoding phase, 20 figures were presented sequentially and participants had to determine whether each was symmetric or asymmetric. These figures were either complete or fragmented at three different levels. In subsequent recognition phase, 40 abstract figures (20 new and 20 old) were presented. All figures were complete in this phase. Results. Memory performance of both groups was affected similarly by fragmentation, with an additional increase in performance afforded by a slight fragmentation for participants with schizophrenia. Conclusion. Slight fragmentation may have induced a perceptual difficulty that was mild enough to increase visual processing without compromising it. Closure was thus not involved in the episodic memory deficit of people with schizophrenia.
Response of the International Monetary Fund to its Critics

The International Journal of Health Services recently (Volume 39, No. 4, 2009) published a series of articles by health care academics that made several claims regarding the design and impact of International Monetary Fund–supported programs, especially regarding effects on health spending and health outcomes. The Deputy Director of the IMF's Fiscal Affairs Department identifies and responds to six principal criticisms from these articles, to set the public record straight on what Fund policies actually are rather than what they are perceived to be.
Damage induced in red blood cells by infrared optical trapping: an evaluation based on elasticity measurements

Abstract. We evaluated the damage caused to optically trapped red blood cells (RBCs) after 1 or 2 min of exposure to near-infrared (NIR) laser beams at 785 or 1064 nm. Damage was quantified by measuring cell elasticity using an automatic, real-time, homemade, optical tweezer system. The measurements, performed on a significant number (hundreds) of cells, revealed an overall deformability decrease up to ∼104% after 2 min of light exposure, under 10 mW optical trapping for the 785-nm wavelength. Wavelength dependence of the optical damage is attributed to the light absorption by hemoglobin. The results provided evidence that RBCs have their biomechanical properties affected by NIR radiation. Our findings establish limits for laser applications with RBCs.
Polyclonal napsin A expression: a potential diagnostic pitfall in distinguishing primary from metastatic mucinous tumors in the lung.

CONTEXT Napsin A is a useful marker for distinguishing primary from metastatic lung tumors. Mucinous lung tumors may be difficult to distinguish from metastatic mucinous tumors. OBJECTIVES To evaluate napsin A expression in lung and extrapulmonary mucinous tumors on both histology and cytology specimens and to determine napsin A's utility in differentiating primary from metastatic mucinous tumors. DESIGN Napsin A immunohistochemistry was performed using a rabbit polyclonal antibody on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical and fine-needle aspiration biopsy-derived, paraffin-embedded cell block specimens. Positive expression was defined as coarse, granular, cytoplasmic staining in 10% or more of tumor cells. RESULTS Sixteen of 32 mucinous lung tumors (50%) and 16 of 33 extrapulmonary mucinous tumors (48%), including 15 of 18 of gastrointestinal origin (83%), expressed napsin A. Positivity was concordant between surgical and cell block specimens in 5 of 9 cases (56%). In 3 of 4 discordant cases, napsin A expression was detected on the surgical specimen but not the cell block. The cell block material in these cases was paucicellular. CONCLUSIONS Napsin A shows decreased sensitivity and specificity for mucinous lung tumors and is unlikely to be reliable as a sole immunohistochemical marker of lung origin for such tumors (52% specificity in this study). The high frequency of napsin A expression in gastrointestinal mucinous tumors makes it particularly unreliable in distinguishing metastatic gastrointestinal from primary lung mucinous tumors. However, napsin A expression analysis may facilitate distinguishing mucinous tumors of pulmonary from those of nongastrointestinal origin. Interpretation of napsin A staining may be problematic in mucinous tumor specimens of low cellularity such as cell blocks.
KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES ABOUT LEPROSY IN A FISHING COMMUNITY IN KARACHI PAKISTAN

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding leprosy in a fishing community of Karachi. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Muach Goth Kemari Town Karachi, from June-August 2005. About 300 people who did not have leprosy were interviewed randomly using a structured pre tested questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were adult, non diseased and resident of Muach Goth Kemari town. Results: The findings of this study showed lack of knowledge about the cause, sign symptom, treatment and prevention of disease. The attitude towards the patient was found positive showing sympathy but at the same time significant level of stigma was found about the leprosy patient among the community. The majority of people did not receive any health education session or attended any seminar on leprosy and only 3% were aware of leprosy center in the area. Conclusion: The community lacks knowledge about leprosy. Emphasis must be given on Health education. A high positive attitude was found with significant level of stigma. Only educational efforts can bring about change to over come the disease and improve knowledge of the people.
Is lending by Polish cooperative banks procyclical? A multidimensional analysis of credit supply cyclicality in Polish cooperative banks – the country and regional perspective

We investigate the lending cyclicality of Polish cooperative banks. Cooperative banks have an important role in the financing of the local economy and as such can contribute to amplify or moderate business cycles through their lending behavior. We use a rich dataset of 367 Polish cooperative banks over the period 2007-2013. We find that cooperative banks have a countercyclical lending behavior on the country level, with loan growth negatively linked to national business cycles. We observe that greater bank size contributes to reduce the countercyclical lending behaviour. The lending behavior of cooperative banks is also sensitive to local economic conditions, with some evidence for procyclicality versus the regional economy. Finally, we point out differences in cyclicality of lending across types of borrowers. Loans to non-financial clients and to banks are countercyclical, while we find procyclicality for loans to local government and public entities. These findings support the view that the cooperative banking sector should be preserved to mitigate bank lending procyclicality, usually observed in commercial banks.
Correlation between otorhinolaryngologic evaluation and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in snorers.

OBJECTIVES To examine whether medical history and nasopharyngeal examination are useful for predicting obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to compare these findings with those of the gold standard, polysomnography. DESIGN Patients underwent polysomnography recordings for 2 nights and an otorhinolaryngologic examination, including flexible endoscopy and the Muller maneuver. Nasal and pharyngeal findings were scored in a semiquantitative way. The medical history of each patient was taken using a standardized questionnaire. Anatomic and functional findings and patient history were correlated with the mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). SETTING An otorhinolaryngologic clinic. PATIENTS A total of 101 patients presenting with a primary complaint of snoring. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences between patients with OSAS and primary snorers were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test (anatomic findings), t test (Muller maneuver), and chi(2) test after Pearson correlation (questionnaire). P values less than . 05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mean +/- SD AHI of the patients was 19.7 +/- 21.5); 52 patients had an AHI higher than 10, which confirmed the diagnosis of OSAS. These patients tended to report the occurrence of apneas more frequently than patients with an AHI of 10 or lower. The average ranks (Mann-Whitney findings) of patients with AHIs higher than 10 vs those with AHIs of 10 or lower were 52 vs 50 for septal deviation; 50 vs 52 for tonsil size; 53 vs 49 for low velum level; and 56 vs 46 for hyperplasia of the tongue base. None of these differences reached statistical significance. Mean +/- SD narrowing of the airway during the Müller maneuver was significantly (P<.05) more pronounced in patients with an AHI higher than 10 than in patients with an AHI of 10 or lower at the levels of the velum (80% +/- 20% vs 68% +/- 30%) and the tongue base (57% +/- 24% vs 44% +/- 27%). CONCLUSIONS None of the reported medical history and/or anatomic parameters alone or in combination could be used to distinguish patients with OSAS from snoring patients. Snoring patients, therefore, should be examined at least by a nocturnal screening test for OSAS before any therapeutic decision is made.
Sustained Anxiety and 4-Year Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis

Abstract—Several studies have shown that anxiety disorders are associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease. However, the relationship between anxiety disorders and atherosclerosis has been studied to a lesser extent. The goal of this study was to examine whether high and stable trait anxiety was associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. The study group consisted of 726 subjects (297 men and 429 women), aged 59 to 71 years, recruited from the electoral rolls of the city of Nantes. The subjects had no history of coronary artery disease at baseline evaluation and or at the 2-year follow-up. Two follow-up examinations were conducted 2 and 4 years after the baseline evaluation. Trait anxiety was evaluated by means of the French translation of the Spielberger Inventory (a 20-item trait inventory, form X-2). The “sustained anxiety” group consisted of men and women with the highest Spielberger Inventory scores at baseline and at the 2-year follow-up examination. Each ultrasound examination included measurement of intima-media thickness and the sites of plaque in the extracranial carotid arteries. Men with sustained anxiety showed a higher 4-year increase of common carotid intima-media thickness than did men without sustained anxiety (adjusted means 0.08 versus 0.04 mm, respectively;P =0.05) and a higher risk of 4-year plaque occurrence (adjusted OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 8.5). Among women, sustained anxiety was associated with a higher 4-year increase of common carotid intima-media thickness (0.07 versus 0.04 for women with versus women without sustained anxiety, respectively;P =0.07). These results suggest that chronically high levels of anxiety may contribute to accelerating the evolution of carotid atherosclerosis.
Decrypting Coin Winners: Disclosure Quality, Governance Mechanism and Team Networks

Using a proprietary dataset of initial coin offerings (ICOs) and cryptocurrencies, we systematically examine whether disclosure quality, governance mechanisms, and team quality can differentiate legitimate ICO projects from fraudulent ones. The three fundamental factors positively affect ICO deal completion, ICO listing status, and the amount of raised capitals. In addition, we directly track entrepreneurs’ effort after fundraising activities using the post-ICO technological development. We find that while the three factors have the same positive effects, the team with strong influence, one sub-indicator of team quality, positively predicts ICO success but negatively correlates with the progress of development. These results suggest that ICO events are plausibly prone to coalitions of powerful players whose main objective is likely to be cashing out after ICO without pushing for the development of its purported project. Finally, we construct a token valuation measure and show that technological development and user base are two significant drivers of the token value.
Pengaruh corporate governance dan variabel keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan

The purpose of this study is to determine and examine corporate governance (board of commissioner, independent commissioner, institutional ownership, managerial ownership and audit committee) and financial variabel measured by financial ratio such as leverage, activity, profitabilityand liquidity in affecting firm value in non financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research used 91 listed non financial companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange, selected using purposive sampling method in period 2013 to 2015. The analysis was performed using multiple linear regressions analysis method to determine the model of research. The research results show that the board of commissioner, managerial ownership, leverage and profitability had influence towards firm value whereas, the independent commissioner institutional ownership, audit committee, activity and liquidity had no influence towards firm value.
Effects of Nitrogen and Zinc Spray on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, nitrogen and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Emam Khomeyni research Farm in Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: full irrigation, stopping irrigation at anthesis step and stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subplots were considered with and without nitrogen and zinc spray. The drought stress reduced the grain yield in anthesis stage more than other stages. Drought stress effects significantly on stem and ear diameter, ear length, chlorophyll value, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Nitrogen increased the seed yield and yield component except thousand grains weight and the number of row in ear. Using Zn, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, thousand grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5%, respectively. The results obtained from the present research showed that anthesis stage was most sensitive stage to drought stress. Also nitrogen and Zn could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.
Effect of diet form and enzyme supplementation on growth, efficiency and energy utilisation of wheat-based diets for broilers

1. The effect of diet form (mash, cold-pelleted, steam-conditioned/pelleted, wet mash, whole wheat with balancer pellet, restricted pellet) and enzyme inclusion (Avizyme 1300, absent, present) was studied in 2 trials using individually caged, male broilers from 14 to 42 d. Bird performance, viscosity of ileal contents and diet metabolisability (AME) were measured. 2. The performance of mash-fed birds was significantly poorer than for the other treatments in relation to dry matter intake, liveweight gain and gain:food. This was not due to reduced diet AME content. 3. There was no significant effect of heat treatment on any of the variables measured, although viscosity of ileal contents was increased by 30% as compared to the cold-pelleted diet. 4. Gain:food was improved with wet-mash feeding in comparison to the dry mash treatment but it was concluded that this was not due to any intrinsic improvement in diet quality, but rather to voluntary food restriction on introduction of the wet food. 5. Whole wheat feeding improved gain:food and diet AME content by 3% as compared to the complete diets and caused approximately a 50% increase in gizzard weight as compared with the pelleted diets. 6. Food enzyme inclusion did not improve performance although a significant improvement in diet AME content was observed with enzyme inclusion in trial 1.
Physiological Responses and Ovarian Development of Female Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis Subjected to Different Salinity Conditions

Salinity plays a key role affecting ovarian development, osmoregulation and metabolism of female Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis during reproductive migration. In this study, female E. sinensis after their puberty molt were subjected to four salinities of 0, 6, 12, and 18‰ for 40 days to investigate the salinity effects on their ovarian development as well as a range of important physiological parameters. Elevated salinity accelerated the ovarian development with ovigerous crabs found at salinity treatments of 12 and 18‰ despite no copulation had occurred. Meanwhile the survival rate of female crabs showed a decreasing trend with increasing salinity. Higher salinity also led to increased hemolymph Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, and Mg2+ concentrations. The 6‰ treatment had the highest contents of hemolymph total and major free amino acids while the Na+/K+ -ATPase activity in the posterior gills was the lowest among treatments. Total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑n-3PUFA) and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in the anterior gills showed a decreasing trend with salinity while 18‰ had the highest ∑PUFA and ∑n-6PUFA. The ∑n-3PUFA content and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio of the posterior gills showed a fluctuating pattern and the highest value was detected at 0‰, while an increasing trend was found for the ∑n-6PUFA with increasing salinity. The hemolymph glucose showed a decreasing trend with increasing salinity and the highest total cholesterol in hemolymph was detected at 12‰. The 18‰ treatment had the highest levels of hemolymph γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase, as well as glucose, urea and acid phosphatase in hepatopancreas while the highest hemolymph superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were detected at 0‰. Overall, the results showed that salinity increase from freshwater to brackish conditions led to lower metabolism, accelerated ovarian development, and the appearance of ovigerous crabs without copulation in female E. sinensis post puberty molt.
Identiﬁcation and Characterization of FTY720 for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis

The screening of a focused library identiﬁed FTY720 (Fingolimod; Gilenya) as a potent selective antitrypanosomal compound active against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. brucei rhodesiense , the causative agents of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). This is the ﬁrst report of trypanocidal activity for FTY720, an oral drug registered for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis, and the characterization of sphingolipids as a potential new class of compounds for HAT.
Glomerulonephritis emerging shortly after Puumala hantavirus infection: a report on 7 patients.

AIMS Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is mild type of hemorrhagic fever caused by Puumala (PUU) hantavirus. Renal biopsy typically shows acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and complete recovery is the usual outcome. We previously described 5 patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) after acute NE. We now report on 7 more patients who developed biopsy-confirmed glomerulonephritis (GN) during the convalescent phase of NE. MATERIAL AND METHODS We present case histories of 7 patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria concomitant with hematuria after serologically verified NE. RESULTS Renal biopsy specimens disclosed MPGN in 5 patients, membranous GN (MGN) in 1 and mesangial GN (MesGN) in 1. All patients achieved remission of nephrotic syndrome within a median time of 0.6 years (range 0.5 - 5.5 y). The median follow-up time was 1.7 years (0.7 - 15.6 y). CONCLUSIONS As a rare phenomenon, nephrotic syndrome may emerge during the convalescent phase of acute PUU hantavirus infection. In most cases the prognosis of GN caused by NE seems to be favorable.
Impact of Technology Availability and Self-Efficacy on E-learning Usage

: India is on the road of incorporating electronic learning and related technologies in the education system. The goal is to develop standard learning environment for the large population with resources on hand. Despite of several advantages of e-learning, it would not be meaningful if leaners don’t adapt to it. The factors that influence students’ intensions towards using e-learning systems are worth to study. This empirical study is based on revised Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and it analyses the effect of two external factors, technology availability and self-efficacy on the behavioural intention of students to use e-learning. The responses were collected from 54 diploma engineering students and the collected data was assessed for their inclination towards using e-learning. The results of the study may be significant to educationists and decision makers to implement e-learning strategies.
High-dose vitamin C supplement use is associated with self-reported histories of breast cancer and other illnesses in the UK Women’s Cohort Study

Abstract Objective To determine whether frequent vitamin C supplement use is associated with healthier behaviours, and a history of cancer and other illnesses in UK women. Design The present cross-sectional analysis examines the odds of taking supplements containing vitamin C as recorded in 4 d food diaries, based on lifestyle characteristics and morbidity history self-reported by questionnaire. Setting A large national UK cohort study. Subjects A total of 12 453 women aged between 37 and 79 years. Results Women frequently taking supplements containing vitamin C, compared to those who did not, had healthier behaviours, including higher consumption of fruit and vegetables. Frequent high-dose vitamin C users (≥1000 mg) had a higher socio-economic status, visited alternative practitioners more often than family or private doctors, and were more likely to be ex-smokers and to drink little or no alcohol. Women who self-reported having had cancer (OR = 1·33, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·76) or specifically breast cancer (OR = 1·70, 95 % CI 1·14, 2·55), or reported a family history of cancer (OR = 1·16, 95 % CI 0·95, 1·41) or breast cancer (OR = 1·26, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·58) had increased odds of being frequent high-dose users after adjusting for sociodemographic and health behaviours. Women with personal or family histories of some cardiovascular or intestinal disorders were more likely to take supplements containing vitamin C, though not necessarily at high doses. Conclusions High-dose vitamin C intake by UK women was associated with healthier behaviours and a history of breast cancer, total cancer and other illnesses. Consequences of high-dose vitamin C supplement intake are not clear at the population level.