Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latchup-free CMOS structure using shallow trench isolation

Using a shallow trench and a thin epitaxial layer, latchup-free CMOS has been realized. When the trench depth is 1.4 µm and the epitaxial layer thickness is 2 µm, the latchup holding voltage, VHis higher than 13 V. The mechanism of VHincrease is discussed using an equivalent circuit including the reverse transistors of the parasitic bipolar transistors. The interruption of lateral current flow with the trench contributes to VHincrease. From the results, it is well expected that the only about 1 µm deep trench must be adequate for achieving VHhigher than the supply voltage, i.e. 5V, and that the fabrication process of trench isolation becomes more reliable and easier.
Nuclear transplantation in bovine embryo: Fine structural and autoradiographic studies

Nucleolar fine structure, “blebbing” activity of nuclear evelope, and activation of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) synthesis were studied in bovine reconstructed embryos obtained by electrofusion of a single eight‐cell blastomere with an enucleated oocyte. Developmental progress of nucleolar fine structure and hnRNA synthesis are arrested during three cell cycles following fusion. The activation of both appears during the eight‐cell stage of the reconstructed embryo, after the same number of cell cycles after fusion as in nonmanipulated bovine embryos after fertilization. “Blebbing” activity of nuclear envelope, which is already absent in original blastomeres, reappears after fusion and continues for the next two cell cycles. From the present results, it can be concluded that the donor nuclei are arrested after fusion in morphology and function. Their reactivation corresponds to the developmental pattern typical for normal bovine embryos.
A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion

This path-breaking book tells the story of American metaphysical religion more fully than it has ever been told before, along the way significantly revising the panorama of American religious history. Catherine L. Albanese follows metaphysical traditions from Renaissance Europe to England and then America, where they have flourished from colonial days to the twenty-first century, blending often with African, Native American, and other cultural elements. The book follows evolving versions of metaphysical religion, including Freemasonry, early Mormonism, Universalism, and Transcendentalism--and such further incarnations as Spiritualism, Theosophy, New Thought, Christian Science, and reinvented versions of Asian ideas and practices. Continuing into the twentieth century and after, the book shows how the metaphysical mix has broadened to encompass UFO activity, channeling, and chakras in the New Age movement--and a much broader new spirituality in the present. In its own way, Albanese argues, American metaphysical religion has been as vigorous, persuasive, and influential as the evangelical tradition that is more often the focus of religious scholars' attention. She makes the case that because of its combinative nature--its ability to incorporate differing beliefs and practices--metaphysical religion offers key insights into the history of all American religions.
Central venous oxygen saturation: analysis, clinical use and effects on mortality.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this literature review was to provide a clear definition of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂), highlight the differences between ScvO₂ and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO₂), show how it can be used clinically and the effect central venous oxygen saturation has on mortality. BACKGROUND Many articles concentrate on the individual aspects of ScvO₂, such as its use in early goal-directed therapy, but few provide a full overview of what it means, how to interpret results and how it can be used clinically. SEARCH STRATEGIES Keywords were searched for including central venous oxygen saturation ScvO₂ mixed venous oxygen saturations ScvO₂ early goal-directed therapy sepsis and mortality. Where possible only publications within the last 10 years were used but key publications were not excluded if they were out with this time frame. CONCLUSIONS Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) is a very important measurement which can be easily taken in a critical care environment by both medical and nursing staff. It provides an understanding of the patient's oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption and cardiac output. It has a key role within early goal-directed therapy and has been shown to decrease mortality when taken and analysed appropriately. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This literature review will highlight to nursing staff within the critical care environment the importance of central venous oxygen saturation measurement and interpretation. By raising awareness of the importance of this measurement it is hoped nursing staff will be proactive in both taking this test and analysing the results, therefore facilitating better care for the septic, critically ill patient and improving outcomes for these patients.
Lower-Extremity Muscle Activation during the Star Excursion Balance Tests

Objective: To identify integrated EMG (I-EMG) activity of 6 lower-extremity muscles during the 8 Star Excursion Balance Tests (SEBTs). Design and Setting: Repeated measures, laboratory setting. Subjects: 10 healthy young adults. Interventions: The SEBTs require the subject to balance on the stance leg and maximally reach with the contralateral foot along each of 8 lines extending from a common axis at 45° intervals. Measures: I-EMG activity of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), medial hamstring (MH), biceps femoris (BF), anterior tibialis (AT), and gas-trocnemius. Results: Significant differences were found in all muscles (P < .05) except the gastrocnemius (P = .08). VMO and VL activity tended to be greatest with anteriorly directed excursions, whereas the MH and BF activity were greatest with posteriorly directed excursions. AT activity was lowest with the lateral excursion. Conclusions: Performance of the different SEBTs results in different lower-extremity muscle-activation patt.
Long-term remission in schizophrenia and related psychoses with long-acting risperidone: results obtained in an open-label study with an observation period of 18 months.

OBJECTIVE To monitor long-term symptomatic tolerability and remission in patients with stable but suboptimally treated psychoses after switching to risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI). METHOD This subgroup analysis of the Switch to Risperidone Microspheres (StoRMi) open-label trial followed up patients with psychoses who were converted to RLAI for a period of 18 months or until RLAI became commercially available in their country of residence. It included patients from seven European countries. Dosage adjustments were performed as clinically necessary. The efficacy endpoint was achieving and maintaining remission, defined as absent to mild core schizophrenia symptoms for > or = 6 months. A schizophrenia assessment was also completed and patients were monitored for the development of adverse events (AEs). Discontinuation rates were calculated based on Kaplan-Meier estimates where patients switching to commercial RLAI were used as censored observations. RESULTS A total of 529 patients were followed for up to 18 months. At 18 months, the discontinuation rate was 55.7% based on Kaplan-Meier estimates. The median time to discontinuation was 15.7 months (95% CI (14.0; 17.5)). RLAI was generally well tolerated with most AEs mild-to-moderate in severity. 13% of patients discontinued treatment because of an AE. Body weight of patients increased by a mean A+/- SD of 1.0 A+/- 6.1 kg from treatment initiation to endpoint (p = 0.0001). Glucose-related AEs occurred in four patients (0.8%). Among those patients not meeting severity remission criteria at baseline, 44.8% were in remission at endpoint. Among those patients meeting severity criteria for remission at baseline, 84.2% were in remission at endpoint. A total of 93.7% of the patients who achieved or maintained remission at 6 months were in remission at endpoint. CONCLUSIONS RLAI is safe during long-term treatment up to 18 months in adults requiring antipsychotics. Conversion to RLAI resulted in improved symptom control. Most patients achieved and maintained a sustained remission (> or = 6 months) after conversion to RLAI.
Glucocorticoid receptors expression and histopathological types in children with nephrotic syndrome

Abstract Background: Some children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients fail to respond even when given high dose of steroid. The aim of this study was to assess the GCR expression on the T lymphocytes of children with NS and its relation to the response to steroid and to histopathological type. Methods: Forty-six pediatric patients with idiopathic NS and 20 age and sex matched apparently healthy children as controls were included. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the percentage of CD3+/GCR+ cells which then correlated with pattern of steroid response. Renal biopsy was done for steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant cases for determination of the underlying histopathological type. Results: The mean percentage of T lymphocyte expression of GCRs (CD3+/GCR) was significantly higher in early steroid responders than in late responders and was slightly lower than the controls. There was a significantly lower GCRs expression in steroid-resistant patients in comparison to early responders, late responders and controls. Renal biopsy showed that most cases of late responders were of the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) type. The mean percentage of lymphocyte expression of GCRs was significantly higher in patients with minimal change disease (MCD) compared to patients with FSGS. Conclusion: Evaluation of the expression of intracellular GCRs in T lymphocytes at time of diagnosis of NS can predict the response to steroid therapy and can help in determination of the outcome of NS patients regarding future relapses.
Effect of PEEP Ventilation on Renal Function, Plasma Renin, Aldosterone, Neurophysins and Urinary ADH, and Prostaglandins

To explore the main factors which could be involved in the fluid retention induced by continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV), hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal parameters were measured in seven intensive care patients during three consecutive 60-min periods: one of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), one of CPPV (PEEP 10 cmH2O), and finally one of IPPV. During CPPV, a 15% decrease in cardiac output was observed, without alteration in arterial pressure or right atrial transmural pressure. In addition, decreases were observed in urinary output by 34%, glomerular filtration rate by 19%, renal blood flow by 32%, sodium excretion by 33%, and potassium excretion by 26%. There was no change in the fractionnal excretion of sodium and free water. Institution of PEEP also led to a significant increase in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, and urinary antidiuretic hormone, without significant variation in plasma neurophysins and urinary prostaglandins E and Fα. All of the changes that occurred during CPPV were reversed when PEEP was withdrawn. It is concluded that the short-term antidiuretic effect of PEEP is mainly due to a hemodynamic impairment of renal function. The water- and sodium-retaining hormonal systems also are stimulated and could participate in the fluid retention during more prolonged respiratory support with PEEP.
Muscle protein synthesis by positron-emission tomography with L-[methyl-11C]methionine in adult humans.

Existing methods for assessing protein synthetic rates (PSRs) in human skeletal muscle are invasive and do not readily provide information about individual muscle groups. Recent studies in canine skeletal muscle yielded PSRs similar to results of simultaneous stable isotope measurements using L-[1-13C, methyl-2H3]methionine, suggesting that positron-emission tomography (PET) with L-[methyl-11C]methionine could be used along with blood sampling and a kinetic model to provide a less invasive, regional assessment of PSR. We have extended and refined this method in an investigation with healthy volunteers studied in the postabsorptive state. They received approximately 25 mCi of L-[methyl-11C]methionine with serial PET imaging of the thighs and arterial blood sampling for a period of 90 min. Tissue and metabolite-corrected arterial blood time activity curves were fitted to a three-compartment model. PSR (nmol methionine.min-1.g muscle tissue-1) was calculated from the fitted parameter values and the plasma methionine concentrations, assuming equal rates of protein synthesis and degradation. Pooled mean PSR for the anterior and posterior sites was 0.50 +/- 0.040. When converted to a fractional synthesis rate for mixed proteins in muscle, assuming a protein-bound methionine content of muscle tissue, the value of 0.125 +/- 0.01%. h-1 compares well with estimates from direct tracer incorporation studies, which generally range from approximately 0.05 to 0.09%. h-1. We conclude that PET can be used to estimate skeletal muscle PSR in healthy human subjects and that it holds promise for future in vivo, noninvasive studies of the influences of physiological factors, pharmacological manipulations, and disease states on this important component of muscle protein turnover and balance.
Effects of Genistein or Soy Milk During Late Gestation and Lactation on Adult Uterine Organization in the Rat

In utero and lactational exposure to estrogenic agents has been shown to influence morphological and functional development of reproductive tissues. Thus, consumption of dietary phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, during pregnancy and lactation could influence important periods of development, when the fetus and neonate are more sensitive to estrogen exposure. In this study, reproductive outcomes after developmental exposure to isoflavones were examined in Long-Evans rats maternally exposed to isoflavones via a commercial soy beverage or as the isolated isoflavone, genistein. Most reproductive end-points examined at birth, weaning, and 2 months of age were not significantly modified in pups of either sex after lactational exposure to soy milk (provided to the dams in place of drinking water) from birth until weaning. However, soy milk exposure induced a significant increase in progesterone receptor (PR) in the uterine glandular epithelium of the 2-month-old pups. In pregnant dams treated with genistein (GEN; 15 mg/kg body weight) by gavage, from Gestational Day 14 through weaning, PR expression in the uterine glandular epithelium from 2-month-old GEN-treated females (postexposure) was also significantly increased. Diethylstilbesterol (DES) also stimulated uterine PR expression only in the glandular but not luminal epithelial cells. However, unlike DES, in utero/lactational exposure to GEN did not increase expression of the proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), in the luminal epithelial cells of the 2-month-old rat uteri. These experiments demonstrate that developmental exposure to dietary isoflavones, at levels comparable to the ranges of human exposure, modify expression of the estrogen-regulated PR in the uterus of sexually mature rats weeks after exposure ended. Since the PR is essential for regulating key female reproductive processes, such as uterine proliferation, implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy, its increased expression suggests that soy phytoestrogen exposure during reproductive development may have long-term reproductive health consequences.
Cancer Screening Recommendations for Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at increased risk of developing and dying from cancer. However, controversies exist around cancer screening in this population owing to reduced life expectancy and competing causes of death. This systematic review assesses the availability, quality and consistency of cancer screening recommendations in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). We systematically searched bibliographic databases and gray literature to identify CPGs and assessed their quality using AGREE II. Recommendations were extracted along with their supporting evidence. Thirteen guidelines were included in the review. CPGs for kidney recipients were the most frequent source of screening recommendations, and recommendations for skin cancer screening were most frequently presented. Some screening recommendations differed from those for the general population, based on literature demonstrating higher cancer incidence among SOTRs versus direct evidence of screening effectiveness. Relevant stakeholders such as oncology specialists, primary care providers and public health experts were not involved in the formulation of the screening recommendations. In conclusion, although several guidelines make recommendations for cancer screening in SOTRs, the availability of cancer screening recommendations varied considerably by transplanted organ. More studies are required to inform cancer screening recommendations in SOTRs, and guideline development should involve transplant patients, oncologists and cancer screening specialists.
Solubility Improvement of Drugs using N-Methyl Pyrrolidone

The solubilization efficiency of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) has been determined and compared to that of ethanol and propylene glycol for 13 poorly soluble drugs. NMP is found to be a more efficient solubilizer for all the drugs studied. The solubility enhancement as high as about 800-fold is obtained in 20% v/v NMP solution as compared to water. The mechanism of drug solubilization by NMP has also been investigated. It is proposed that NMP enhances drug solubility by simultaneously acting as a cosolvent and a complexing agent. A mathematical model is used to estimate the drug solubility in NMP–water mixture, according to which the total solubility enhancement is a sum of the two effects. This model describes the experimental data well and is more accurate than other models. A large and uniform reduction in the surface tension of water as a function of NMP concentration demonstrates its cosolvent effect. The complexation is supported by the fact that it’s strength is affected by the temperature and the polarity of the medium. A strong correlation exists between log Kow of the drugs and the cosolvency coefficients. The correlation between log Kow and the complexation coefficients is weak suggesting that factors such as molecular shape and aromaticity of the drug molecule are significant in determining the complexation strength. This has been confirmed by the absence of a significant complexation between NMP and linear drug-like solutes.
On Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Mathematics

tpropose to challenge the assumption that Wittgenstein was an lantirealist about mathematics by offering a reaction to the 'realism problem' which does not smack of antirealism, but which is based on Wittgensteinian materialsven though Wittgenstein himself may have sometimes tended to think that undecidable propositions lack truth-valuel an idea that I reject. My aim in this essay is to show that Wittgenstein's work as a whole defends commonsense realism, leaving the discussion of this problematic tendency to another occasion. I
The Potential of Neuromarketing as a Marketing Tool

In recent years, the emerging field of neuromarketing, which makes use of brain research in a managerial context, has gained increasing popularity in the academic literature as well as the practical world. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to evaluate upon the influence of neuromarketing tools on traditional marketing inputs in order to complete the understanding of consumer behavior. Yet, no available neuromarketing study provided an detailed overview of neuromarketing‘s influence on traditional marketing inputs while considering technical as well as ethical issues. The article uses the approach of an in-depth literature review in order to do so. The increased use of neuromarketing techniques for the evaluation of customer preferences and decision-making processes is considered to be an advantage for customers and marketers simultaneously. EEG, fMRI and MEG rank among the most appropriate technicalities in the area of neuroscience. However, critics emphasize the restriction of the consumer‘s free will and their reduced ability to make individual decisions in their buying behavior due to neuromarketing‘s implementation. After an evaluation of Outside reflexes, input-/Output models and Inside reflexes to analyze brain activities, the current paper evaluates upon the influence of neuromarketing on different relevant marketing inputs, followed by the consideration of its ethical defensibleness. The results indicate that neuromarketing is associated to have a high influence on consumer buying behavior, advertising, pricing, distribution of products, branding and decision-making as marketing inputs. Therefore, neuromarketing may be considered to be a remarkable extension in the research of human behavior and the brain as the ―black box‖ which can positively contribute to its practical applicableness.
Gender differences in social support and leisure-time physical activity

OBJECTIVE To identify gender differences in social support dimensions’ effect on adults’ leisure-time physical activity maintenance, type, and time. METHODS Longitudinal study of 1,278 non-faculty public employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Southeastern Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated using a dichotomous question with a two-week reference period, and further questions concerning leisure-time physical activity type (individual or group) and time spent on the activity. Social support was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale. For the analysis, logistic regression models were adjusted separately by gender. RESULTS A multinomial logistic regression showed an association between material support and individual activities among women (OR = 2.76; 95%CI 1.2;6.5). Affective support was associated with time spent on leisure-time physical activity only among men (OR = 1.80; 95%CI 1.1;3.2). CONCLUSIONS All dimensions of social support that were examined influenced either the type of, or the time spent on, leisure-time physical activity. In some social support dimensions, the associations detected varied by gender. Future studies should attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these gender differences.