Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeting silibinin in the antiproliferative pathway

Importance of the field: Due to the failure and severe toxicity of cancer chemotherapy, silibinin, a natural flavonoid from the seeds of milk thistle, has recently received more attention for its potential anticancer and nontoxic roles in animals and humans. Silibinin has clearly demonstrated inhibition of multiple cancer cell signaling pathways, including growth inhibition, inhibition of angiogenesis, chemosensitization, and inhibition of invasion and metastasis. Cumulative evidence implicates that silibinin is a potential agent for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Areas covered in this review: Our aim is to discuss the recent progress of silibinin in regulating multiple anticancer proliferative signaling pathways; the review covers literature mainly from the past 3 – 5 years. What the reader will gain: One of the strategies for tumor therapy is eradication of cancer cells through targeting specific cell-proliferative pathways. This review highlights the current knowledge of silibinin in regulating multiple cellular proliferative pathways in cancer cells, including receptor tyrosine kinases, androgen receptor, STATs, NF-κB, cell cycle regulatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. Take home message: The molecular mechanisms of silibinin-mediated antiproliferative effects are mainly via receptor tyrosine kinases, androgen receptor, STATs, NF-κB, cell cycle regulatory and apoptotic signaling pathways in various cancer cells. Targeting inhibition of proliferative pathways through silibinin treatment may provide a new approach for improving chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects.
Study on Static and Dynamic Voltage Distribution Characteristics and Voltage Sharing Design of a 126-kV Modular Triple-Break Vacuum Circuit Breaker

The static and dynamic voltage distribution characteristics and voltage sharing design of a 126-kV modular triple-break vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) was discussed in this paper. The finite-element method and power frequency tests were used to calculate and verify the static voltage distribution ratios and distributed capacitance parameters of multi-break VCBs, respectively. A model combining the post arc current model and equivalent capacitance model was proposed for simulations of dynamic transient recovery voltage (TRV) distribution characteristics of the triple-break VCB. The simulation results indicated that besides the stray capacitances, the TRV sharing design should take the influence of residual charge (RC) into account, and the influence of RC on the TRV distribution is relevant to the differences of RC parameters among the series interrupters. Therefore, the appropriate value of grading capacitors should meet the requirement of the worst case. Based on the investigation of this paper, a 126 kV U-shaped triple-break VCB prototype with 1000 pF grading capacitors has been produced, and the successful large current breaking tests indicate the good breaking capacity and suitable voltage sharing design of the triple-break VCB.
Age-appropriate versus up-to-date coverage of routine childhood vaccinations among young children in Israel

ABSTRACT Background and aims: Routine childhood vaccinations schedules recommend that children receive the vaccine doses at specific ages. Vaccination coverage data are conventionally reported by the up-to-date method. We aimed to assess vaccination timeliness by the age-appropriate method and compare with the up-to-date vaccination coverage. Methods: Assessment of age-appropriate and up-to-date vaccination coverage among children born in Israel in 2009 and followed to age 48 months (national representative sample, n = 3892). The vaccinations included: Hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis-Polio-Haemophilus-influenzae-b (DTaP-IPV-Hib), Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), Measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMR/MMRV) and Hepatitis A vaccine (HAV). The categories defined: age-appropriate (at the recommended age and up to 1 month), delayed less than 6 months, delayed 6 months and above and unvaccinated (48 months). Results: The age-specific vaccinations assessment showed considerable delay in receipt of routine vaccination. While most (96%, 95%, 91%, 96%, 94% and 86%) children were vaccinated up-to-date for HBV3, DTaP-IPV-Hib4, PCV3, MMR/MMRV1, HAV1and HAV2 vaccine doses; only 26%, 29%, 47%, 64%, 55% and 12% were vaccinated age-appropriate. Vaccination delay was more common in vaccines with multiple doses. Vaccination delay was associated with high child's birth order, low socio-economic rank, ethnicity (delay more common in Jews vs. Arabs), season of birth (winter) and delayed receipt of DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine 1st dose. Conclusions: This study assessed age-appropriate childhood vaccination coverage in a national cohort of children. While the overall vaccination coverage stands in line with the WHO goals, vaccination timeliness and equity are inadequate and targeted public health intervention programs aimed at vaccination timeliness are necessary.
PREVALENCE OF PCOS IN INFERTILE PATIENTS

OBJECTIVE : To assess the prevalence of PCOS among infertile women according to Rotterdam criteria. STUDY DESIGN : Cross Sectional Study PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Baqai Institute of Reproduction and developmental Sciences (BIRDS) from Jan 2009 – Dec 2009 MATHODOLOGY: 1210 participants included in the study, were those who came in BIRDS OPD for fertility concerned. Detailed history, examination, transvaginal ultrasound and hormonal profile were performed in all selected women. While, All those women who were with other Endocrinological disorders e.g. hyper and hypo-thyroidism , hyperprolactinaemia , cushings syndrome and with androgenic tumor were excluded from study. RESULTS : Prevalence of PCOS was identified in 496(40.9%) out of 1210 women, who visited BIRDS OPD during last year . The mean age of participants were 27±8 years. In the studied population 282 (31.5%) out of 1210 women had regular menstrual cycle and no sign of hyperandrogenism i.e hirsutism or acne (GROUP N) . 430 of 1210 women (35.5%) had menstrual symptoms such as oligomenorrhae or amenorrhea without hirsutism or acne (GROUP 1) . 90 of 1210 women (7.4%) demonstrated androgenic symptoms with regular menstrual cycle ( GROUP 2) . 308 of 1210 women (25.45%) presented with moderate to severe hirsutism and menstrual symptoms ( Group 3) . 125 women from group 1 ,63 from group 2 and 308 women from group 3 fulfilled the Rotterdam Criteria and diagnosed as PCO. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of PCO was found to be 40.9% among infertile which is significantly high. Rotterdam criteria was found to be effective for diagnosis of poly cystic ovarian syndrome
Cryptanalysis and Improvement of "An Efficient and Secure Dynamic ID-based Authentication Scheme for Telecare Medical Information Systems"

Recently, telecare medicine information systems TMIS have emerged as an effective mechanism to raise quality convenience and availability of healthcare services. User authentication schemes play an important role in solving security problems and grant access to healthcare services only to the authorized users. In 2010, a few authentication schemes were proposed for TMIS. These were based on the concept of static identity. In 2012, Chen et al. proposed a dynamic ID-based authentication scheme for TMIS, so that the user's identity is not revealed to anyone. However, Chen et al.'s scheme does not involve complex computations like the previous scheme for TMIS, yet it suffers from various security problems. We will show that attackers can not only impersonate the legal participants of the scheme but can also compute the shared session-key. In fact, it is an attack over the confidential communication between the participants. We will also show other drawbacks, such as password guessing attack, denial-of-service attack, immediate replay attack, and incomplete password change phase, present in the scheme. We also demonstrate user anonymity breach in Chen et al.'s scheme. To overcome these problems, we propose an improvement to Chen et al.'s scheme with a different approach. Our approach is aimed at providing an authentication mechanism for TMIS with strong security features. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NASAL AND CLOACAL BACTERIA IN FREE-RANGING DESERT TORTOISES FROM THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

Aerobic bacteria were collected from three free-ranging desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations in the eastern Mojave Desert (Arizona, Utah; USA) from 1989 to 1993, and from two free-ranging populations in the central Sonoran Desert (Arizona, USA) from 1990 to 1994. Six species of nasal bacteria and 18 species of cloacal bacteria were identified. At least one potential pathogen was found in the nasal cavity (Pasteurella testudinis), and at least two potential pathogens in the cloaca (Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp.).
Static output feedback strategy of stochastic Nash games for weakly-coupled large-scale systems

This paper discusses the infinite horizon static output feedback Nash games for stochastic weakly-coupled large-scale systems with state-dependent noise. It is shown that the conditions for the existence of Nash equilibria depend on the solutions of a new set of cross-coupled stochastic algebraic Riccati equations (CSAREs). After establishing the asymptotic structure along with the positive semidefiniteness for the solutions of the CSAREs, a new sequential numerical algorithm and Newton's method for solving the CSAREs are described. The resulting numerical solution is used to develop the Nash strategy. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by solving a numerical example for a practical megawatt-frequency control problem.
Learning while exercising for science education in augmented reality among adolescents

Because of a shortage of physical exercise, concerns about adolescents have recently been raised in Taiwan. In educational environments where student exercise has been limited by scheduling constraints and the lack of physical exercise has become a vital problem, “learning while exercising” may be part of a possible solution. This study developed the Ecosystems Augmented Reality Learning System (EARLS) and also made a comparison of EARLS, existing keyboard/mouse-based computer assisted instruction (KMCAI) approaches, and traditional face-to-face teaching methods, in terms of learning achievement and learning attitude. In this study, 1211 subjects were surveyed and divided into 5 groups. Students from the first three groups used EARLS but were exposed to different sections of the system. In terms of learning achievement, learning while exercising groups do not learn less well than the KMCAI or traditional groups. However, they earn extra exercise without diminishing the quality of learning achievement. With regard to the attitude subscales “Usefulness of learning Ecosystems” and “Anxiety in learning Ecosystems”, the students in the traditional-teaching group had the significantly lowest scores for both while the students involved in EARLS had the highest ratings on “Usefulness of learning Ecosystems” and the students within KMCAI rated the highest anxiety in learning ecosystems.
Single-stranded DNA arising at telomeres in cdc13 mutants may constitute a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint

A cdc13 temperature-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae arrests in the G2 phase of the cell cycle at the restrictive temperature as a result of DNA damage that activates the RAD9 checkpoint. The DNA lesions present after a failure of Cdc13p function appear to be located almost exclusively in telomere-proximal regions, on the basis of the profile of induced mitotic recombination. cdc13 rad9 cells dividing at the restrictive temperature contain single-stranded DNA corresponding to telomeric and telomere-proximal DNA sequences and eventually lose telomere-associated sequences. These results suggest that the CDC13 product functions in telomere metabolism, either in the replication of telomeric DNA or in protecting telomeres from the double-strand break repair system. Moreover, since cdc13 rad9 cells divide at a wild-type rate for several divisions at the restrictive temperature while cdc13 RAD9 cells arrest in G2, these results also suggest that single-stranded DNA may be a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint.
Urate-null rosy mutants of Drosophila melanogaster are hypersensitive to oxygen stress.

It has been proposed that uric acid is an important scavenger of deleterious oxygen radicals in biological systems [Ames, B. N. , Cathcart, R. , Schwiers, E. & Hochstein, P. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 6858-6852]. We report here an in vivo investigation of the oxygen defense role of uric acid through an analysis of mutants of the rosy (ry) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. The ry gene is the structural gene for the molybdoenzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase; xanthine dehydrogenase-null ry mutants are therefore unable to synthesize urate. The rationale of our approach was to measure the response of urate-null ry mutants to extraordinary oxygen stress as imposed by exposure to radical-generating agents and as conferred by a genetic defect in superoxide dismutase, an established oxygen defense function. We show that urate-null mutants of the ry locus are hypersensitive to paraquat, ionizing radiation, and hyperoxia. Furthermore, compound mutants doubly deficient for uric acid and Cu/Zn-containing superoxide dismutase are synthetic lethals, which are unable to complete metamorphosis under normal growth conditions. These experiments demonstrate unambiguously the importance of urate in oxygen defense in vivo and support our earlier proposal that the molybdoenzyme genetic system plays a critical role in oxygen defense in Drosophila. They also form the basis for our proposal that metamorphosis in Drosophila imposes a crisis of oxygen stress on the developing imago against which uric acid plays an important organ-specific defense. Finally, the results provide a basis for understanding the syndrome of phenotypes, including the hallmark dull brown eye color, which characterizes mutants of this classic genetic system of Drosophila.
Monitoring of free glutamic acid in Malaysian processed foods, dishes and condiments

A study to quantify the free glutamic acid content of six processed foods, 44 dishes and 26 condiments available in Malaysia was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FRD). Recovery tests were carried out with spiked samples at levels from 6 to 31 mg g−1. High recovery in different matrices was achieved ranging from 88% ± 13% to 102% ± 5.12%, with an average of 97% ± 8.92%. Results from the study revealed that the average free glutamic acid content ranged from 0.34 ± 0.20 to 4.63 ± 0.41 mg g−1 in processed foods, while in prepared dishes it was as low as 0.24 ± 0.15 mg g−1 in roti canai (puffed bread served with curry or dhal) to 8.16 ± 1.99 mg g−1 in dim sum (a small casing of dough, usually filled with minced meat, seafood, and vegetables, either steamed or fried). Relatively, the content of free glutamic acid was found to be higher in condiments at 0.28 ± 0 mg g−1 in mayonnaise to 170.90 ± 6.40 mg g−1 in chicken stock powder.
- Reactive Protein nd the Vascular Endothelium mplications for Plaque Instability

-reactive protein (CRP), a member of the pentraxin amily, is the prototypic marker of inflammation. Recently ata have emerged to suggest that CRP is a risk marker for ardiovascular disease and is additive to low-density lioprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the Framingham 10-year isk score (FRS) (1). In this regard, the American Heart ssociation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevenion have recommended that in patients with an FRS of 0% to 20%, a CRP between 3 and 10 mg/l confers a greater isk of cardiovascular disease (2). Furthermore, Grundy et l. (3) incorporated CRP 3 mg/l as part of the two risk actors in moderately high-risk patients with an FRS of 10%
The Relationship between Students’ Psychological Sense of Community in the Classroom, Aggressive Behavior, and Academic Competence

The devastating effects that bullying has on children have been well established through a large number of studies. Fewer studies, however, have focused on trying to understand the factors associated with being a bully. The present study examines the relationship between students’ psychological sense of community in the classroom, their self-perceptions, and their aggressive behavior towards others. We examined 74 children (ages 11-14) in a rural school setting in the southeastern U.S. by administering a survey at the end of their academic year. We found that students who reported aggressing toward their classmates had significantly lower psychological sense of community in their classroom and significantly lower sense of academic competence. Moreover, when the type of aggressive behavior was taken into account, we found that low academic competence was significantly associated with higher levels of relational aggression as well as physical aggression. The findings of our study provide important information that can help us understand how to reduce aggressive behavior and bullying in the schools and classrooms. More specifically, our findings suggest that—in addition to helping aggressive children learn how to control aggressive appraisals and behavior—we should also help these children improve their academic performance and scholastic competence and their sense of community in the classroom.
Anthropometric Characteristic, Body Composition and Somatotype of Canadian Female Soccer Players

Canadian female junior soccer players were evaluated for their anthropometrical characteristics including somatotype and body composition with a aim to evaluate with their international counterparts. 18 female soccer players with an average age of 16(±0.5) of a local club were assessed during their peak season time . Somatotype was assessed using Heath-Carter method and body composition ( Fat%) was assessed by surface anthropometry . Endomorphic mesomorph (3.0 ±0.8 ─ 3.9±0.8 ─2.58±1.0 ) body type was observed in average with an average 22.1(±3.1) % body fat. Average waist-hip ratio was 0.7 (±0.03) . Though BMI does not reflect the obesity precisely in athletic population, average BMI of the female soccer group was in normal range with an average value of 21.5 (±1.8) kg.m-2 . Thus the Canadian junior female soccer players possessed an average muscularity with slightly higher fat % compare to national level female athletes . The group needed more muscularity with less fattiness.
Isozyme variation and species delimitation in the Ceratocystis coerulescens complex.

Nineteen electrophoretic phenotypes (unique combinations of electromorphs) were found among 98 isolates of Ceratocystis coerulescens and mor? phologically similar species using 10 isozymes. Analysis of the isozyme data and morphological comparisons suggested that there are five variants of C. coerulescens found on conifers: three are associated with blue-stain of Picea or Pinus, one (C. coerulescens f. douglasii) with blue-stain of Pseudotsuga, and one associated with the bark beetle Dendroctonus rufipennis on Picea. Ceratocystis polonica and C. laricicola, associated with bark beetle species in the genus Ips on Picea and Larix, respec? tively, had similar isozymes, are morphologically in- distinguishable from each other, and should probably be synonymized. Ceratocystis virescens, cause of stain of hardwoods and sapstreak disease of Acer saccharum, is distinct from the conifer species of Ceratocystis in iso? zyme electromorphs and anamorph morphology. Iso? zymes of C. virescens show some similarity to those of two Australian species, an undescribed species of Cer? atocystis from Eucalyptus and Chalara australis. The Chalara states of these three hardwood species and Chalara neocaledoniae are morphologically similar.
The Use of Administrative Data to Risk-Stratify Asthmatic Patients

In this article, a simple methodology to risk-stratify asthmatics is presented and validated. Such a model can be used to identify those high risk and more severely ill asthmatics who could benefit the most from case man agement and increased educational efforts. Using logis tic regression, the model was created to predict the probability of an asthma-related admission among all asthmatics who were members of a large HMO during calendar year 1994 (N = 54,573). The model used data from pharmacy, laboratory, and specialist claims, as well as encounter and demographic data available in U.S. Healthcare®'s administrative database. A member's prior asthma-specific utilization patterns, pharmaceutically determined severity of illness, and length of enrollment in the managed care organization had the most influence on the equation. A cross-validation of the model confirms how administrative data can be used to accurately risk- stratify those with a chronic disease. Finally, some ad ditional research possibilities associated with the iden tification of high risk subscribers using only administrative data are outlined.
CD163 immunohistochemistry is superior to CD68 in predicting outcome in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

OBJECTIVES In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the microenvironment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) as a predictor of treatment outcome. The focus of this study was to assess the interobserver reproducibility in interpreting macrophage-associated immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD68 and CD163 in a retrospective cohort of 88 patients with CHL. METHODS Staining results were correlated with clinical outcome in all patients and those with a high international prognostic score (IPS). RESULTS The intraclass correlation (ICC) for the five hematopathologists interpreting the IHC was stronger for CD163 (0.70) than for CD68 (0.50). Using a cutoff of 25% mean macrophage reactivity and including all patients, a statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) was seen only for CD163 (P = .0006) and not for CD68 (P = .414). Patients with a mean CD163 reactivity of 25% or more had a median OS of 71 months vs 101 months for patients with less than 25% reactivity. CD163 retained statistical significance in multivariate analysis. In patients with advanced-stage CHL with high IPS, OS was also significantly worse for those with a mean CD163 reactivity of 25% or higher. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms previous reports of a prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating macrophages in CHL, but only for CD163. Although most of the literature supports an increasing role of macrophage IHC as a predictor of clinical outcome, successful clinical translation will require a standardized method and reporting system.