Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integration or separation? The stigmatisation of ex-combatants after war

Abstract Ex-combatant reintegration programmes are buttressed by a number of problematic assumptions about ex-combatants themselves; namely, that ex-combatants should not receive long-term support because such assistance would amplify the threat they pose to security and exacerbate community resentment towards them. The article uses data collected from Liberia to demonstrate that such thinking stigmatises ex-combatants and works against the objective of reintegration: it disrupts integration into the everyday social, economic, and political life of the post-conflict state and aims instead to render ex-combatants separate from communities. Integration will remain elusive unless assumptions about ex-combatants as programme beneficiaries are challenged.
Comparative analysis of cod and herring production dynamics across 13 northern hemisphere marine ecosystems

We conducted a comparative ecosystem analysis to understand environmental and biological drivers of production dynamics of 2 common species groups, cod (Gadus morhua and G. macrocephalus) and herring (Clupea harengus and C. pallasii), across 13 large marine ecosystems. For all 4 species, we fit a hierarchy of nested surplus production models with terms for trophodynamic and biophysical covariates; models were then compared using an informationtheoretic framework. Across ecosystems, models including terms for biophysical covariates exhibited stronger fits to the data and were often included in the top set of selected models. However, the numerical effects of covariates differed among systems and species. For example, surplus production in several ecosystems was significantly affected by sea surface temperature, but to differing degrees (i.e. direction and magnitude of effect). Similarly, surplus production of cod was positively associated with herring biomass in 4 of the ecosystems examined, whereas negative trophodynamic interactions alluded to complex cultivation-depensation food-web dynamics in 5 other systems. Importantly, no single covariate emerged as the most important predictor of surplus production nor were biological reference points from models with covariates always more conservative than those without covariates. This suggests that inclusion of tropho dynamic and biophysical covariates in simple production models has the potential to increase model fit, but the relative benefit will be stronger for systems and species where trophodynamic and biophysical processes are tightly coupled to species productivity.
Sustainable Investment : A Win-Win Situation ?

This study investigates the performance and investment styles of mutual ethical equity funds on the global market. To examine this, the Fama French Five Factor model is applied by adding the new variables to Fama French Three Factor Model step by step, discovering new results about performance and investment style. This study finds support for mutual ethical equity funds on developed markets to be outperformed by the equity market between 2006 and 2016. Between 2011 and 2016, however, these funds performed similar to the market when accounting for investment style. Regarding investment style, mutual ethical equity funds on developed markets appears to be exposed to aggressive companies, i.e. companies that makes substantial investments. Mutual ethical equity funds that invests on emerging markets, however, are outperformed by both the global equity market and the funds on developed markets between 2011 and 2016. This study’s results indicate that these funds perform similar to profitable, small companies with high book-to-market values. It does not appear to have occurred any win-win situations, but between 2011 and 2016 an investor would not had lost money when held an ethical fund instead of a global index fund. JEL Classification: G11, G12
The Effects of Educational Tools in Reducing Code-Switching in Child Simultaneous Bilingual Education.

Simultaneous bilingual education of a child is a dynamic process. Construction of linguistic competences undeniably depends on the conditions of the linguistic environment of the child. This education in a monolingual family, requires the practice of parenting tactics to increase the frequency of the language use in minority, during which, code-switching prevents child from keeping the monolingual rhythm in the minority language. This case-study focuses on a 41 month-old girl whose only interactive source for the second language, i.e., French, is her non-native mother, since birth; Persian is the dominant social language. Seeking to promote language acquisition by offering several opportunities for the weaker language, “animation”, accessible in every house, is introduced as an audio-visual educational tool. This paper experiments the application of a parental method to see if this passive tool can be used to create interaction and communication, how effective can such a document be on child language development while limiting code-switching and minimal level of expression and thus analyzing language learning of a child being exposed to two languages in a monolingual social environment. This research aims to prove the effectiveness of cartoon as an educational tool in improving the quality of a minority language acquisition by designing age-adapted activities that have been tested earlier to educational goals by the mother-researcher on primary school children. All sessions of this experiment were subjected to an audio recording which allows meticulous observation and data evaluation.
Review of Micro-bubble Ship Resistance Reduction Methods and the Mechanisms that Affect the Skin Friction on Drag Reduction from 1999 to 2015

In order to lower down the fuel consumption and to achieve higher speed of ship, reduction in ship resistance has been the major topic of research for a long time. The most important factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance. Micro-bubble has been shown to be able to reduce skin friction. This micro-bubble method gives the possibility to lower the friction without any change in the present hull form of a ship. The application of the micro-bubble technique reduces the surface friction by a variation of the viscosity of the fluid around the ship and makes a modification in the structure of the turbulent boundary layer. However, not much is known about the correct size, quantity, area of coverage which can effectively form a skin friction reducing mechanism. There are many established methods, such as Venturi tube type generator, tangential water-jet and forming of dissolve air and also a chemical process, such as electrolysis, may result in bubble production [1]. The use of micro-bubble as reducing agent of drag can lead to the creation of bubbly mixture near the flow surface that can significantly advances in the understanding of the underlying physical process of drag reduction. The current applications of these techniques to surface ships are discussed.
Identifying the Variables of Intellectual Capital and Its Dimensions with the Approach of Structural Equations in the Educational Technology of Iran

With the growth of the knowledge economy, organizations have found that the value of an organization is not just the financial capital of an organization but also its intellectual capital. Since intellectual capital is an intangible asset, identification of its indicators and its variables from the financial and cost perspective has become a challenge for managers. This has increased the importance of intellectual capital as research and economic categories. Due to the role of intellectual capital spending in the value added of organizations, this topic is the subject of new research. The purpose of this study is to identify intellectual capital variables based on cost indices in the Iranian educational technology. Therefore, firstly, cost indicators that are effective are found, then a questionnaire based on the Likert scale is developed. Exploratory factor analysis has been used to extract factors. After performing the factor analysis, the indicators are classified into nine categories. According to the extracted factors, 9 factors are classified into 3 groups. Confirmatory factor analysis has been used to confirm this categorization. For this purpose, all the statistical indices introduced by the experts in this field have been presented to confirm the model. The results of this research show that human capital dimension includes 4 factors, structural capital dimension includes 3 factors, and dimension of relational capital includes 2 factors in intellectual capital of Iranian educational technology.
Chemical composition and crystal structure of merrillite from the Suizhou meteorite

Abstract Merrillite, ideally Ca9NaMg(PO4)7, is an important accessory phosphate mineral in many different groups of meteorites, including martian meteorites, and a major carrier of rare earth elements (REE) in lunar rocks. By means of electron microprobe analysis, single-crystal X‑ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, we present the first structure determination of merrillite with a nearly ideal chemical composition, Ca9.00Na0. 98(Mg0.95Fe0.06)Σ1. 01 (P1.00O4)7, from the Suizhou meteorite, a shock-metamorphosed L6-chondrite. Suizhou merrillite is trigonal with space group R3c and unit-cell parameters a = 10.3444(3), c = 37.0182(11) Å, and V = 3430.5(2) Å3. Its crystal structure, refined to R1 = 0.032, is characterized by a structural unit consisting of a [(Mg,Fe)(PO4)6]16- complex anion that forms a “bracelet-and-pinwheel” arrangement. Such structural units are linked by interstitial complexes with a formula of [Ca9Na(PO4)]16+, which differs from that of [Ca9(PO3[OH])]16+, [Ca9(PO3F)]16+, [Ca9(Ca0.5□0.5)(PO4)]16+, or [(Ca9-xREE)x(Na1-x□x) (PO4)]16+ in terrestrial whitlockite, terrestrial/extraterrestrial bobdownsite, meteoritic Ca-rich merrillite, or lunar REE-rich merrillite, respectively. The Suizhou merrillite is found to transform to tuite at high pressures, pointing to the likelihood of finding REE-bearing tuite on the Moon as a result of shock events on REE-merrillite.
How Gender and Self-Esteem Impact Death Anxiety Across Adulthood

PSI CHI JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH Summer 2008 Copyright 2008 by Psi Chi, The National Honor Society in Psychology (Vol. 13, No. 2, 96–101 / ISSN 1089-4136). Death is one of the few guarantees of human existence, and yet is one of the greatest mysteries of life. The unknown aspect of death, combined with its inevitability and universality, results in some measure of death anxiety for much of humanity. Death anxiety, its various aspects, and the factors that contribute to and correlate with it have been the subject of numerous research studies over the past few decades, which have uncovered a number of consistent predictors of death anxiety, including age, gender, and self-esteem. The goal of the present study is to further investigate the impact of these variables on death anxiety and to uncover any interactions that may occur between them.
Lattice BGK simulations of macrodispersion in heterogeneous porous media

We use the extended Darcy's law, which also accounts for the Brinkman correction, to study macrodispersion in a two‐dimensional (2‐D) porous medium. The former is necessary when permeability changes fast at a relatively small scale, and in general, it is a more complete description of flow in a heterogeneous medium. Lattice‐gas methods are ideally suited to simulate such flows. Simulations using a lattice BGK method and a small‐fluctuation approach are described for an isotropic, exponentially decaying correlation function of the permeability field. The analytical results contain the additional parameter Kl/λ2 (where Kl and λ are the typical permeability and velocity variation length, respectively), the sensitivity to which was studied. As expected, the contribution of the Brinkman effect is insignificant for typical field values of this parameter, in which case, the classical results are recovered. At larger values, for example, for heterogeneous media of a small correlation length, and possibly in laboratory applications, the Brinkman correction leads to a decrease in macrodispersivity, reflecting the smoothing effect of the Brinkman correction on the velocity field. Nonetheless, for practical values of the parameters, this reduction is no larger than 50% of the classical expression. The small fluctuation theory was found to be in good agreement with the simulations, provided that it was consistently applied (namely, by not mixing first‐order with second‐order expansions). The results also show that lattice‐gas simulations can be usefully employed to study macrodispersion in heterogeneous porous media.
Influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on Convectively Coupled Kelvin and Mixed Rossby-Gravity Waves

Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a mode of natural climate variability that arises from a zonal-dipole structure in interannual variations of the tropical Indian Ocean. Understanding the influence of IOD on atmospheric circulation is important in order to improve weather forecasts and climate predictions in the Tropics and the extratropics on time scales beyond a few days. This study investigates the role of IOD on convectively coupled equatorial wave (CCEW) activity, including Kelvin and MRG waves and examines the potential links between them. The results show that positive IOD event leads to enhance Kelvin wave and MRG wave activities over the eastern Africa and southern Indian Ocean. On the other hand, it suppresses Kelvin and MRG wave activities over the eastern Indian Ocean and the Maritime continent. It is also shown that IOD’s influence on Kelvin and MRG waves activity is non-dependent to ENSO activity. These results highlight the importance of IOD in generating Kelvin and MRG waves in the tropics.
LASSO Technique Application in Stock Market Modelling: An Empirical Evidence in Indonesia

The stock market has captured the attention of many investor communities and scholars. It has become one of the most crucial aspects of a modern market economy. This study aims to determine the LASSO technique applications on the stock market in Indonesia. Furthermore, this research also compare linear regression techniques using the least squares method and using the LASSO approach to find out which model is the most appropriate and simple in making the estimation. The data is composed of daily closing stock price over the period from January 1,2000 to December 31, 2014. The results suggest that the best model in Indonesia Stock Market data of 2000-2014 is using LASSO techniques due to more simpler and the result of estimation relatively similar with least square regression model.
RELACIONES HIDRICAS Y AJUSTE OSMÓTICO EN TRIGO HYDRIC RELATIONSHIPS AND OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT IN WHEAT

With the aim of comparing the effect of two environments on hydric relationships, an analysis was made of the variation of osmotic adjustment and its relationship with yield in 20 wheat genotypes in the greenhouse and the field. It is postulated that osmotic adjustment (OA), measured in leaves of plants grown in the greenhouse, is an indicator of the OA in leaves of plants established in the field. The plants were established in pots in the greenhouse; one group was watered at field capacity (FC) and the other at 40% FC. In the field the plants were established in two assays: one with and the other without irrigation. The variables were: total water potential ( ΨΨΨΨΨ ), osmotic potential ( ψψψψψ s ), water potential at maximum turgor ( ψψψψψ sh ) and pressure potential ( ψψψψψ p ). In the greenhouse, the osmotic adjustment value was lower (0.00 and 0.50 MPa), compared with the field values (0.01 to 0.7 MPa). There was high interaction irrigation×sampling, replication×sampling and irrigation×genotype in the field, but not in the greenhouse. In the field there was positive correlation between OA and yield (R 2 =0.31; p ≤≤≤≤≤ 0.05), but the OA measured in the greenhouse was not correlated with the OA measured in the field.
Global research on ultramafic (serpentine) ecosystems (8th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology in Sabah, Malaysia): a summary and synthesis

Since 1991, researchers from approximately 45 nations have participated in eight International Conferences on Serpentine Ecology (ICSE). The Conferences are coordinated by the International Serpentine Ecology Society (ISES), a formal research society whose members study geological, pedological, biological and applied aspects of ultramafic (serpentine) ecosystems worldwide. These conferences have provided an international forum to discuss and synthesise multidisciplinary research, and have provided opportunities for scientists in distinct fields and from different regions of the world to conduct collaborative and interdisciplinary research. The 8th ICSE was hosted by Sabah Parks in Malaysia, on the island of Borneo, and attracted the largest delegation to date, 174 participants from 31 countries. This was the first time an ICSE was held in Asia, a region that hosts some of the world’s most biodiverse ultramafic ecosystems. The presentations provided a cross-section of the current status of research in all aspects of ultramafic-biota relations. In this Special Issue of Australian Journal of Botany (Issues 1–2 combined and 3–4 combined), we have compiled a selection of papers from among the oral and poster presentations to provide insights into recent advances in geoecological and applied studies of ultramafic habitats worldwide. Here we provide a preview of select papers found in this Special Issue and summarise some of the contributions made during the 8th ICSE and describe some of the exciting challenges awaiting future research.
Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction of Mobile Banking Services: A Study on Second - Generation Banks

In the world of today’s telecommunication and internet based digital business economy, mobile banking is a milestone for banking sector. Like other developing countries, the service firms like mobile banking services of Bangladesh are now very much conscious about the importance of customer psychology. The main objective of this study is to identify the most influential factors of customer satisfaction of mobile banking of second - generation banks. Study mainly followed a quantitative research methodology while structured questionnaire used as main data collection instrument. In collecting primary data, survey technique used as data collection tool and random sampling procedure used for selecting respondents of this study. Data analysis performed using through ANOVA, multiple regressions, and cross tabulation. Study found that, there exist strong associative relationships between the customer satisfactions with the selected factors. It is also found that, the security and trust factor is the most influential factor where ineffective advertisement has negative influence on the customer satisfaction of mobile banking. Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Mobile Banking, Second - Generation Bank, Service Quality.
How technology affects energy consumption in the Reggefiber FttH network

Using technology enables the gathering of more information, this information can be used to research topics or fields of interests more in-depth. One of such topics is the energy consumption in telecommunication networks. With the use of smart meters, data has become available to gather on a large scale. In this study it is examined how this data can be used in the budgeting process. Input for the energy consumption budget at KPN is researched with variables based on prior studies such as telecom equipment and cooling equipment. The variables are tested with the use of a multiple linear regression analysis. The results from the statistical analyses shows that a forecast can be made with input from the researched variables (location design, function of the location, homes activated, location equipment, active operators, outside temperature and HVAC equipment). One of the findings in this thesis is that telecom equipment has a positive relation with energy consumption and that location design does matter (more equipment results in more energy consumption). Another finding is that HVAC is negatively related to energy consumption (free cooling technology or also called VKU, results in less energy consumption). Additionally this thesis examines the current budgeting method for energy consumption at KPN (traditional budgeting) and researches different alternatives such as the rolling forecast method to achieve a more predictable forecast.
Is There a Gender Bias in the Use of Foreign Languages in Europe?

The process of globalization has forced workers (essentially white collars) to learn foreign languages and break linguistic barriers. In most cases, Europeans have chosen English as a second language. But English is not the only language that has an economic impact on international trade. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the most important foreign languages used at the workplace on wages of men and women, both at the mean and along the wage distribution, in Northern and Southern Europe (Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and Spain). Workers from both genders benefit from a premium, but there are marked differences between North European and South European countries.
Pornography, religiosity, and social work

Summary The effects of pornography have received increased scrutiny in the digital age. Several U.S. states have recently passed resolutions declaring pornography a public health crisis, and clients are increasingly seeking help for related concerns. Given the pornography debate encompasses micro and macro arenas, social workers have reason to be engaged. But there is a dearth of literature examining social workers' views on these issues. Given values play an integral role in informing attitudes about sexuality, we sought to better understand the role of religiosity in shaping social work students’ views on pornography via a web-based survey (n = 136). Findings Results from a path analysis suggest highly religious students are more likely to believe pornography is a serious public health issue, and this relationship is mediated through their perception of pornography’s addictiveness. Applications That highly religious social work students are more likely to pathologize pornography has implications for policy advocacy and clinical social work practice. If highly religious social workers are more likely to rate pornography as addictive, they may be more likely to pathologize their clients' use of it. This is significant in that addiction is a heavy label that may harm clients. Our findings further speak to the importance of educating social work students and practitioners about reflexivity, not only in the context of individual practice but also in the macro practice arena. We argue that staying cognizant of their biases and utilizing a biopsychosocial perspective, social workers can bring a valuable perspective to the pornography debate.
A Survey Study: Important Factors in Just-in-Time Implementation

Just-in-time technique is used to enhance firms’ performance, service level and reduce/eliminate waste from the end-to-end system. Undeniably, just-in-time is playing significant role in the today’s world to achieve firms’ objective in terms of high service level with minimum cost. This research’ objective is to fill the gap by forming, organizing an complete picture of a Just-in-Time execution process from the opinions of both academicians and practitioners by comparing results based on different research methods. This research is based on secondary method used to collecting and summarize to the very relevant articles, which has been published. Uncountable studies including; said Just-in-Time education is a critical factor in JIT execution. The results show several factors involved in the just-in-time implementation such as, quality circle, reduction in set-up time, quality certificate of suppliers, cross-training, just-in-time education, relationship with supplier, schedule stability, top management commitment towards JIT project, in-house lot sizes etc. The researchers also discussed research implications in detailed.