Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single Electron Transfer Promoted Photocyclization Reactions of (ω ω ω ω-Phthalimidoalkylthio)acetic Acids

Studies have been conducted to explore single electron transfer (SET) promoted photocyclization reactions of ( ωphthalimidoalkylthio)acetic acids (alkyl=ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl and n-nonyl). Photocyclizations occur in methanol in modest yields to produce cyclized products in which phthalimide carbonyl carbon is bonded to the carbon of side chain in place of the carboxylic group. The initially formed cyclized products undergo efficient water eliminations to produce enthiol ethers in secondary ground state reactions.
Understanding Causes Of Dissatisfactions Among Compensated Landowners’ In Expropriation Programs In Tanzania

Dissatisfaction of Project Affected People (PAPs) has been a common phenomenon worldwide and in most of the land acquisition programs carried out in Tanzania. The implementation of such programs has sometimes been delayed due to PAP’s negative attitudes as a result of dissatisfactions. This has negative consequences for communities, acquiring authorities as well as program financers themselves. This study was aimed at finding out the causes, nature and levels of PAPs’ dissatisfaction in land acquisition programs executed at Kurasini area in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study explored methods used to deal with compensation complaints and evaluated the reactions of PAPs towards the said programs. Through interviews and a review of documents submitted to the ministry responsible for land acquisition regarding their dissatisfactions, it was possible to undertake the analyses. It was evident from the study that inadequate compensations, non-adherence to the laws, unfavorable resettlement practices, use of force by governments and acquiring authorities in making PAPs accept compensation, and lack of PAPs’ involvement in the acquisition processes were identified as the most critical sources of discontent. Interviews also revealed that there were some dissatisfied PAPs who did not lodge complaints for a number of reasons but were equally dissatisfied for the same reasons. The study concludes up by recommending among others, that the government and the acquiring authorities should adhere to legal procedures governing compulsory purchase and compensation, ensure that negotiations are done with all parties involved in the acquisition programs, provide alternative plots besides monetary compensation, but after all recommendations, a plan for peaceful and agreeable resettlement of the PAPs is an initiative which would reduce or eliminate their resentments.
Exposing Strings in the Laboratory with a Novel Technique

String theorists have proposed that multi-national collider experiments could provide evidence for strings. The scientific community generally has been more reserved, believing possible detections would be indirect at best. Based on the theoretical prediction that if in existence strings should have resonance frequencies, this paper shows a novel technique involving Hydrogen in a magnetic field that led to the first direct data for strings, particularly a picture of a multi-dimensional string D-brane. This paper introduces string experimentation, the ability to study strings directly in the laboratory.
Influence of different morphological parts of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and its major secondary metabolite rutin on rumen fermentation in vitro.

It was hypothesized that buckwheat, especially its flowers, influences foregut fermentation in ruminant animals because it is rich in phenolic compounds. The entire fresh aerial buckwheat herb, or its parts (leaves, stems, flowers and grain), were incubated for 24 h together with pure ryegrass (1:1, dry matter basis) in an in vitro ruminal fermentation system (Hohenheim Gas Test). Additionally ryegrass, supplemented with 0, 0.5, 5, or 50 mg rutin trihydrate/g dry matter, was incubated. Contents of extractable phenols (g/kg dry matter) were the highest in buckwheat flowers (88), followed by leaves (63), and the lowest in ryegrass (8). The levels of production of total gas and volatile fatty acids demonstrated that the nutritional value of buckwheat was slightly lower than that of ryegrass. Compared to ryegrass alone, ruminal transformation of dietary protein-N into ammonia was lower with 50 mg rutin, buckwheat flowers and buckwheat leaves. Thus, these treat - ments appeared to have partly protected dietary protein from ruminal degradation. Rutin, at the highest level, buckwheat flowers and the total aerial fraction of the buckwheat plant suppressed methane per unit of total gas by > 10%, either at elevated (rutin) or reduced total gas volume. This indicates that the ways of the influence on the ruminal fermentation pattern differed between pure rutin and buckwheat. In vivo studies have to confirm these potentially beneficial effects of buckwheat if used as forage for ruminants and clarify the role of further phenolic compounds present in buckwheat.
Structure and Composition of Macroinvertebrates during Flood Period of the Nokoue Lake, Benin

The Nokoue Lake is the largest lake of Benin Republic and it is also considered as one of the most productive lagoon ecosystems in West Africa. This productivity is decreasing and thus raises productivity issue for a better management and conservation. Macroinvertebrate can be useful for this purpose. A study was conducted to assess the spatial variation of macroinvertebrates during high flood period. A total of 3892 macroinvertebrates of fresh and brackish water were sampled during the survey. Structural analysis of the macroinvertebrate community revealed that it was made up of 16 orders, 48 families and 66 genera dominated by Insecta compared to Mollusca, Crustacea and the Annelida. Insects were dominated by Diptera (Chironomus sp. and Tanytarsus sp.), Coleoptera (Dystiscidae) and accounted for 57.1% of the sampled population. Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida and Arachnida were the following most abundant and represented 23.9%, 10.7%, 8.1% and 0.2% of the total population, respectively. The Evenness index of Pielou was higher on the Station 8 (0.91 - 0.97), close to Oueme River. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed neither between station nor between month on the Shannon-Wiener index (2.06 - 4.31), Simpson index (0.04 - 0.40) and the taxa number (10 - 27). Macroinvertebrate assemblages and composition were primarily due to changes in water quality dependent on hydroclimatic changes and probably to anthropogenic actions. This suggests the need for real investigation of the macroinvertebrate biological capacity when formulating conservation strategies for the Nokoue Lake.
Total antioxidative capacity and zinc concentration in dogs suffering from perianal tumours

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and zinc concentration in serum of dogs suffering from perianal tumours just before the start of the antihormonal treatment (AHT) and one and six months later. The study was performed on 45 dogs divided into two groups: control group suffering from non-malignant tumours (N = 24) and a group with malignant neoplastic changes (N = 21). Serum TAC and zinc concentrations were measured using photometric and atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods. Six months after the start of the AHT, TAC was significantly lower by 10.6% in dogs with malignant tumours when compared to controls (P = 0.03). In the non-malignant group, serum zinc concentration was higher before the treatment than in the malignant group, while the opposite results were observed six months later (P < 0.001). In the non-malignant group, gradually decreasing values of serum zinc concentration at each stage of the investigation were observed, while the opposite results were obtained in the malignant group (P < 0.05). The obtained results indicate that malignant neoplastic process is associated with significantly reduced TAC. Determination of serum zinc concentration in dogs with non-malignant and malignant perianal tumours may have practical diagnostic and prognostic values and may serve towards increasing the effectiveness of AHT monitoring.
Empirical models to predict soil nitrogen mineralization

Modelos empiricos sao equacoes matematicas que podem ser ajustadas a resultados experimentais. Esses modelos podem ser utilizados para avaliar ou predizer fenomenos observados ou dados experimentais e auxiliar no desenvolvimento de praticas adequadas de manejo do solo. Desse modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar oito modelos matematicos descritos na literatura, utilizando como dados experimentais o N mineralizado de dez solos do Rio Grande do Sul, acumulado durante 32 semanas de incubacao. O N mineralizado foi obtido experimentalmente em um experimento de incubacao, seguido de lixiviacao com CaCl2 0,01mol L-1. O N mineral foi determinado no comeco do periodo de incubacao e ao final da 2a, 4a, 8a, 16a e 32a semanas. Entre os modelos testados, o melhor ajuste do N mineralizado foi obtido com os modelos exponenciais simples, ao passo que a obtencao desses ajustes nos modelos exponenciais duplos esteve condicionado ao aumento de parâmetros na equacao. Em funcao dos resultados observados e das condicoes experimentais, conclui-se que a hipotese em que os modelos exponenciais duplos estao baseados, isto e, na presenca de dois compartimentos de nitrogenio suscetiveis a mineralizacao, foi rejeitada.
Chosen biotic factors influencing raw cow milk freezing point

HANUS, O. , ZHANG, Y. , BJELKA, M. , KUCERA, J., ROUBAL, P., JEDELSKA, R. : Chosen biotic factors infl uencing raw cow milk freezing point. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun. , 2011, LIX, No. 5, pp. 65–82 The milk freezing point depression (FPD) is important physical property. FPD is infl uenced by milk composition especially by components with osmotic pressure activity and by other physiological factors. There is possible to indicate a foreign (extraneous) water addition into milk by FPD. This is necessary to have a good estimated legislative FPD discrimination limit (FPD–L) for purpose of milk quality control. This paper was aimed at obtaining information to improve such estimation. Impacts factors as season variations, estimated state of dairy cow nutrition and some milk components and properties on milk FPD and their relations to FPD were quantifi ed (n 11 540 – 72 607 bulk raw cow milk samples). The highest FPD was in Spring (−0.52097 ± 0.004877 °C), the lowest in Autumn (−0.52516 ± 0.005725 °C; P −0.52244 ± 0.005367 °C; P < 0.001). Results can improve the estimation of objective FPD–L. dairy cow, bulk milk sample, freezing point depression, fat, protein, casein, energy metabolism estimation, lactose, solids non fat, somatic cell count, urea, free fatty acids
The dynamical evolution of accreted star clusters in the Milky Way

We perform $N$-body simulations of star clusters in time-dependant galactic potentials. Since the Milky Way was built-up through mergers with dwarf galaxies, its globular cluster population is made up of clusters formed both during the initial collapse of the Galaxy and in dwarf galaxies that were later accreted. Throughout a dwarf-Milky Way merger, dwarf galaxy clusters are subject to a changing galactic potential. Building on our previous work, we investigate how this changing galactic potential affects the evolution of a cluster's half mass radius. In particular, we simulate clusters on circular orbits around a dwarf galaxy that either falls into the Milky Way or evaporates as it orbits the Milky Way. We find that the dynamical evolution of a star cluster is determined by whichever galaxy has the strongest tidal field at the position of the cluster. Thus, clusters entering the Milky Way undergo changes in size as the Milky Way tidal field becomes stronger and that of the dwarf diminishes. We find that ultimately accreted clusters quickly become the same size as a cluster born in the Milky Way on the same orbit. Assuming their initial sizes are similar, clusters born in the Galaxy and those that are accreted cannot be separated based on their current size alone.
INTERACTION OF BEAVER AND ELK HERBIVORY REDUCES STANDING CROP OF WILLOW

Populations of beaver and willow have not thrived in riparian environments that are heavily browsed by livestock or ungulates, such as elk. The interaction of beaver and elk herbivory may be an important mechanism underlying beaver and willow declines in this competitive environment. We conducted a field experiment that compared the standing crop of willow three years after simulated beaver cutting on paired plants with and without intense elk browsing (∼85% utilization rate). Simulated beaver cutting with intense elk browsing produced willow that was small (biomass and diameter) and short, with far fewer, but longer, shoots and a higher percentage of dead biomass. In contrast, simulated beaver cutting without elk browsing produced willow that was large, tall, and leafy, with many more, but shorter, shoots (highly branched) and a lower percentage of dead biomass. Total stem biomass after three years was 10 times greater on unbrowsed plants than on browsed plants. Unbrowsed plants recovered 84% of their pr.
Prevalence of blaOxacillinase-23and blaOxacillinase-24/40-type Carbapenemases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species Isolated From Patients With Nosocomial and Non-nosocomial Infections in the West of Iran

Background and Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) cause serious nosocomial and non-nosocomial infections. The blaOxacillinases (OXA)-23 and blaOXA24/40 induce resistance to carbapenems. The current study aimed at detecting blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24/40 in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with nosocomial and non-nosocomial infections. carbapenems. The current study aimed at detecting blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24/40 in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with nosocomial and non-nosocomial infections. Methods: The current descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Sanandaj, Iran (Kurdistan Province) from December 2015 to August 2017, on 146 strains of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from patients’ specimens. Microbiological methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for gyrB were applied to detect P. aeruginosa. Imipenem (IMP)-disk diffusion method and OXA-23-/OXA-24/40-multiplex PCR were used to identify resistant strains. Stata 12 using Fisher exact test and logistic regression were employed to analyze the data (P ≤0.05). Results: The gyrB-PCR results showed that 91.78% of isolates were P. aeruginosa. Nosocomial infection caused by P. aeruginosa was observed in 41.79% of the studied patients; however, 27.61% of P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to IMP; blaOXA-23 and blaOXA24/40 were detected in 11.19% and 2.24% of the strains, respectively; a co-existence of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA24/40 was also observed in 2.23% of P. aeruginosa strains. There were no significant relationships between antibiotic resistance and harboring resistance genes; in addition, between IMP resistance and age, gender, place of residence, inpatient/outpatient, and type of specimen no association was found (P≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Resistance to IMP and the detection of resistant genes in the current study were observed in the clinical samples. Antibiotics should be prescribed more cautiously in order to prevent antibiotic resistance in pathogens.
Carbon–Concentration and Carbon–Climate Feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth System Models

AbstractThe magnitude and evolution of parameters that characterize feedbacks in the coupled carbon–climate system are compared across nine Earth system models (ESMs). The analysis is based on results from biogeochemically, radiatively, and fully coupled simulations in which CO2 increases at a rate of 1% yr−1. These simulations are part of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The CO2 fluxes between the atmosphere and underlying land and ocean respond to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and to changes in temperature and other climate variables. The carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedback parameters characterize the response of the CO2 flux between the atmosphere and the underlying surface to these changes. Feedback parameters are calculated using two different approaches. The two approaches are equivalent and either may be used to calculate the contribution of the feedback terms to diagnosed cumulative emissions. The contribution of carbon–concentration feedback to.
Burnout, Autoeficacia y Estrés en Maestros Peruanos: Tres Estudios Fácticos

espanolEste trabajo resume tres estudios realizados en 929 profesores (617 mujeres y 312 hombres) de escuelas primarias y secundarias de Lima, Peru. Las variables fueron: estresores, personalidad de tipo A, burnout, satisfaccion en el trabajo, autoeficacia, orientacion a metas, estrategias de aprendizaje y desempeno del profesor. Los instrumentos empleados en estos estudios fueron: Cuestionario de Fuentes de Presion Laboral (Travers y Cooper 1997); Inventario de Auto-reporte de Conducta tipo A de Blumenthal (Leon y Sirlopu 1995), MBI (Maslach y Jackson 1981), Escala de Satisfaccion Laboral (Warr et al. 1979), Cuestionario de Orientacion a la Meta del Profesor (Matos 2005; Midgley et al. 2000; Matos 2005); Cuestionario de Estrategias Motivadas de Aprendizaje (Matos 2005; Pintrich y De Groot 1991); Escala de Auto-eficacia Percibida (Tschannen-Moran y Woolfolk 2001 ); y el Cuestionario de Auto-reporte del Desempeno Docente (Fernandez 2002; Fernandez 2008). Los resultados muestran la existencia de un elevado nivel de burnout en los profesores, que fue mas alto en los de escuela primaria que en los de secundaria. Se encontro una significativa relacion entre los estresores, conducta tipo A, satisfaccion en el trabajo y variables de desempeno docente, tales como la auto-eficacia percibida, que puede verse como un factor protector contra el burnout. Los resultados se analizan de conformidad con las metas de los estudios. EnglishThis paper resumes three studies carried out in 929 teachers (617 women y 312 men) of the elementary and secondary schools of Lima, Peru. The variables were: stressors, personality type A, burnout, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, goal orientation, learning strategies and teacher performance. The instruments used in these studies were: Source Job Pressure Questionnaire (Travers y Cooper 1997); Self-Report Type A Inventory of Blumenthal (Leon y Sirlopu 1995); MBI (Maslach y Jackson 1981); Job Satisfaction Scale (Warr et al. 1979); Teacher Goal Orientation Questionnaire (Matos 2005; Midgley et al. 2000); Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Matos 2005; Pintrich y De Groot 1991); Teacher�s Perceived Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran y Woolfolk 2001); and Teaching Performance Self-Report Questionnaire (Fernandez 2002; Fernandez 2008). The results show the existence of a high level of burnout in the teachers, that was higher in elementary than in secondary schools teachers. It was founded a significative relationship among stressors, behavior type A, burnout, job satisfaction and teacher-performance variables, such as the perceived self-efficacy that can be seen as a protector factor of burnout. The results are discussed according to the goals of the studies.
Indicators of regional inequality in Serbia

Аbstract: The diversity of spatial units of the Republic of Serbia is caused by several types of regional inequality. Only some of indicators of inequality between the regions can be considered developmental problems. In this paper indicators are distinguished by which it is possible to isolate and compare the regions of Serbia according to different criteria. This approach required use of several different methodologies from the domain of geography, economics and environmental protection. Results point to Republic of Serbia as a polarized space with a trend of concentration of population and economic activity in certain regions, and at the same time, lagging of other regions.
Between IPRs and Public-Funded Research: Is a Community just a "Fancy" Science?

The study of social institutions producing and disseminating knowledge has mainly concentrated on two main concepts: science and technology . This paper examines a recent social institution that seems not to resemble either of the other two; that is, knowledge-intensive communities, where individuals freely exchange knowledge through information and communication technology. Using Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) as an example, I develop a model where this phenomenon is compared to science and confronted with technology with respect to their ability to attract researchers. My findings show that knowledge-intensive communities and science have the same nature , but a different cost/benefit trade-off .
Using worker flows in the analysis of establishment turnover: evidence from German administrative data

"Economists have long been interested in the determinants and components of job creation and destruction. In many countries administrative datasets provide an excellent source for detailed analysis on a fine and disaggregate level. However, administrative datasets are not without problems: restructuring and relabeling of firms is often poorly measured and can potentially create large biases. We provide evidence of the extent of this bias and provide a new solution to deal with it using the German Establishment History Panel (BHP). While previous research has relied on the first and last appearance of the establishment identifier (EID) to identify openings and closings, we improve on this approach using a new dataset containing all worker flows between establishments in Germany. This allows us to credibly identify establishment births and deaths from 1975 to 2004. We show that the misclassification bias of using only the EID is very severe: Only about 35 to 40 percent of new and disappearing EIDs with more than 3 employees correspond unambiguously to real establishment entries and exits. Among larger establishments misclassification is even more common. We show that many new establishment IDs appear to be 'Spin-Offs' and these have become increasingly more common over time. We then demonstrate that using only EID entries and exits may dramatically overstate, by as much as 100 percent, the role of establishment turnover for job creation and destruction. Furthermore correcting job creation and destruction measures for spurious EID entries and exits reduces these measures and aligns them closer with the business cycle. " (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))