Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydro-structural issues in the design of ultra large container ships

ABSTRACT The structural design of the ships includes two main issues which should be checked carefully, namely the extreme structural response (yielding & buckling) and the fatigue structural response. Even if the corresponding failure modes are fundamentally different, the overall methodologies for their evaluation have many common points. Both issues require application of two main steps: deterministic calculations of hydro-structure interactions for given operating conditions on one side and the statistical post-processing in order to take into account the lifetime operational profile, on the other side. In the case of ultra large ships such as the container ships and in addition to the classical quasi-static type of structural responses the hydroelastic structural response becomes important. This is due to several reasons among which the following are the most important: the increase of the flexibility due to their large dimensions (Lpp close to 400 m) which leads to the lower structural natural frequencies, very large operational speed (> 20 knots) and large bow flare (increased slamming loads). The correct modeling of the hydroelastic ship structural response, and its inclusion into the overall design procedure, is significantly more complex than the evaluation of the quasi static structural response. The present paper gives an overview of the different tools and methods which are used in nowadays practice.
Introducing tilapia (GIFT) with shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in brackish-water rice-shrimp system: impact on water quality and production

Mixed rearing of tilapia (Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia, GIFT) with shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in brackishwater rice-shrimp system was assessed for its impact on dry season's shrimp production. The experiment was conducted in pre-selected farmer's field located at Paikgacha Upazila of Khulna district and designed with three different densities (treatment) of GIFT, viz, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5/m² with a constant stocking density of shrimp at 3/m². Each treatment had three replications. There had a set of control treatment where GIFT was not stocked. Results of the experiment revealed that tilapia did not exert any significant effect (p>0.05) on the water quality variables, even on survival rate of shrimp (p>0.05) under farm level condition in rice-shrimp rotational system, but a density dependent negative effect (P<0.05) on the growth of shrimp led apparently lower production rate of shrimp. Though tilapia provided the major augment of total production (p<0.05) in the respective treatments than in monoculture of shrimp, but not that of the economic return. However, economic loss due to sudden shrimp crop failure might be partially minimized by the tilapia crop.
Cutting Edge: Inflammatory Signals Drive Organ-Specific Autoimmunity to Normally Cross-Tolerizing Endogenous Antigen1

Links have been observed between infections and the development of autoimmunity. Proposed explanations include activation of self-Ag-bearing APC. Using a model system in which transgenic OVA is expressed in enterocytes, we showed that CD8 T cell recognition of cross-presented Ag in gut-associated lymph nodes was tolerogenic. However, concomitant infection with vesicular stomatitis virus encoding OVA abrogated tolerance and induced disease. We now show that following transfer of naive OT-I T cells, the addition of wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus, oral cholera toxin, or CD40 triggering can induce intestinal disease in transgenic mice. Tissue damage accompanied dramatic increases in cytokine release by activated OT-I cells in the intestine. The data indicated that products of antigenically unrelated infections can combine with cross-presented self-Ags on APC to prime autoaggressiveness, independent of additional Ag release. These results help explain how diverse pathogens, lacking any homology to self-proteins, could be causative agents in induction of organ-specific autoimmunity.
GNAS: A Tool for Analyzing Performance of Gene Networks Generated from Bayesian Network Algorithms

The completion of Human Genome Project has been recognized as a great achievement in biomedical study; it not only provides information regarding human genes but also provides a new way to study human diseases such as cancers. How to analyze and interpret the results from massive amounts of gene expression profiles generated from high-throughput techniques such as microarray experiments has become a major challenge in the post-genomic research era. In this paper, we present a gene network analysis system (GNAS) that can not only generate gene networks of yeast cell cycle from experimental microarray data but can also compare the performance of gene networks using five different Bayesian network algorithms. The system utilizes both powerful MatLab processing ability and LabVIEW dynamic interfaces in a single platform. The gene networks of the yeast cell cycle were constructed based on five Bayesian network algorithms from four different microarrays of experimental data. Performance, such as computer time, sensitivity, and precision, was compared for these five algorithms. To our knowledge, this is the first design approach of its kind to be used in the study of gene networks.
ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS IN BUENOS AIRES CITY , ARGENTINA UDC 796 . 035

The aims of this paper were to describe physical activity levels in relation to content and teacher interventions, and the influence of selected variables, during physical education lessons in elementary schools within Buenos Aires, Argentina. This study uses SOFIT (System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time), which is a validated observation method. It is a comprehensive system based on the observation of student activity, lesson context, and teacher involvement. The authors examined each phase using percentages of observed intervals. A total of 359 boys and 353 girls, aged 6−12, were studied. The energy expenditure rate (EER) of the lessons (N = 55 classes) was estimated. The influence of the type of group (mixed, boys, girls) and of the grade attended by the participants was determined by the Kruskall-Wallis test (p<0.05). Among the sixth and seventh graders who attended single-sex classes, girls spent a higher fraction of time standing, and boys walking. Among all of the students, the percentage of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was 46.57%. Mean EER was 0.0872 (±0.002) kcal/kg/min. Overall, for phase 2-, the general content (management activities, transition, and breaks) ranked highest at 38.9%, with game play coming in second (20.2%). For phase 3-, "instructs generally" ranked first (41.9% of the observed intervals). In all of the variables, significant differences were found among sixth and seventh graders. First graders had the highest mean EER. The percentage of MVPA is slightly lower than the U.S. recommendation of 50%. These findings should have broad general application for the planning of school-based physical education.
Effect of iron supplementation on iron status during the first week after blood donation

Introduction Frequent blood donations may lead to a negative iron balance. Iron depletion may be prevented by iron supplementation after whole blood donations. The aim of this study was to compare the short time changes in iron status after donation in two groups randomized to iron supplementation or no additional iron. A second objective was to evaluate the effect of iron supplementation in donors having HFE‐variants compared to HFE wild types.
What Has Happened to Payroll Taxes in Canada over the Last Three Decades

PRECIS Au Canada, les cotisations sociales sont prelevees par le gouvernement federal et les gouvernements provinciaux; ces taxes sur la masse salariale comprennent quatre elements principaux : les cotisations d’assurancechomage, les cotisations des Regimes de pensions du Canada/de rentes du Quebec, les cotisations des regimes d’indemnisation des travailleurs, et les taxes provinciales destinees aux services de sante et a l’enseignement post secondaire prelevees au Quebec, au Manitoba, en Ontario et a Terre-Neuve. Les cotisations d’assurance-chomage et des Regimes de pensions du Canada/de rentes du Quebec sont payees par les employeurs et par les employes, mais les deux autres par les employeurs seulement. Cet article decrit la structure des cotisations sociales au Canada et produit des resultats empiriques quant au niveau, a la croissance et au role de chacune de ces taxes au cours des trois dernieres decennies pour l’ensemble du pays et pour chaque province. Les auteurs constatent que les taxes sur la masse salariale ont augmente considerablement au cours des trois decennies dans l’ensemble du Canada et dans chaque province; ces taxes representent une source de plus en plus importante de revenu tant pour le gouvernement federal que pour les gouvernements provinciaux; la structure, le niveau, la croissance et le role de chaque element des cotisations sociales varient considerablement d’une province a l’autre; c’est l’augmentation des cotisations d’assurance-chomage qui a le plus contribue a l’augmentation des cotisations sociales au cours des dernieres annees, dans chaque province du pays; cependant, malgre l’augmentation importante des dernieres annees, les cotisations sociales du Canada demeurent nettement inferieures a celles de la plupart des autres pays industrialises de l’Occident.
Serum Antibodies Against a Reactive Site of Equine Myelin Protein 2 Linked to Polyneuritis Equi Found in Horses Diagnosed with EPM

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is the most commonly diagnosed infectious neuro-degenerative condition in horses and neuroinflammation is present in all definitively diagnosed cases. Historically EPM is difficult to treat. Polyneuritis equi (cauda equina neuritis) is a rarely recognized noninfectious, chronic relapsing, peripheral neurodegenerative disorder in horses. We propose that polyneuritis equi may be associated with Sarcocystis neurona infections because we demonstrate the presence of antibodies against equine myelin protein and S neurona surface antigens in 78% (n=55) of serum from ataxic horses with a presumptive diagnosis of EPM. Serum antibodies against S neurona were detected in a horse with histopathologically confirmed immune mediated polymyositis and intramyofiber sarcocysts. INTRODUCTION Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is the most commonly diagnosed infectious neuro-degenerative in horses. Little attention has been paid to the inflammatory component of disease despite the presence of neuroinflammation all definitively diagnosed cases of EPM. Histopathologic examination of a horse with EPM overwhelmingly reveals central nervous system (CNS) inflammation without the associated CNS presence of protozoa. It remains dogma that the clinical signs of EPM are due to presence of parasites in the CNS, and that the area of parasitization determines the signs observed . 1 It is more likely that clinical signs of EPM are due to a combination of parasitization and inflammation. Peripheral polyneuritis (polyneuritis equi) causes signs similar to EPM and is a rarely recognized, auto-immune, chronic relapsing, disorder in horses. We associate polyneuritis equi with Sarcocystis neurona infections by demonstrating the presence of serum antibodies against myelin proteins and S neurona surface anSerum Antibodies Against a Reactive Site of Equine Myelin Protein 2 Linked to Polyneuritis Equi Found in Horses Diagnosed with EPM Siobhan P. Ellison, Pathogenes Inc. Tom Kennedy, Eleven Bravo Inc. Austin Li, Senior Scientist, Pathogenes Inc. Lark Schweiss, Pathogenes Inc. Corresponding Author: Siobhan P. Ellison DVM PhD 15471 NW 112 Avenue, Reddick, FL 32686 Phone: 352-591-3221 Fax: 352-591-4318 e-mail: sellison@pathogenes.com
Recursive imaging with multiply scattered waves using partial image regularization: A North Sea case study

As more resources are directed toward reverse time migration, an accurate velocity model, including strong reflectors, is necessary to form a clear image of the subsurface. This is of particular importance in the vicinity of salt, where singly scattered waves are often not ideal for imaging the salt flanks. This has led to interest in processing doubly scattered waves (also called duplex or prismatic waves) for imaging salt flanks and thus improving the location of salt boundaries in a velocity model. We used doubly scattered waves in a two-pass, one-way method to image salt flanks in a North Sea data set. By working in the one-way framework we were able to separately construct images with singly, doubly, and triply scattered waves. We used a multistep imaging process that includes multiply scattered waves by using an imaged reflector to fix one (or more) of the scattering points, allowing for multiply scattered energy from several reflectors, potentially with poor continuity, to be included without picking each reflector individually. With this method we were able to image the flank of a North Sea salt body.
A comparison of health service use in two jurisdictions with and without compulsory community treatment

Background. This study examines whether community treatment orders (CTOs) reduce psychiatric admission rates or bed-days for patients from Western Australia compared to control patients from a jurisdiction without this legislation (Nova Scotia). Method. A population-based record linkage analysis of an inception cohort using a two-stage design of matching and multivariate analyses to control for sociodemographics, clinical features and psychiatric history. All discharges from in-patient psychiatric services in Western Australia and Nova Scotia were included covering a population of 2·6 million people. Patients on CTOs in the first year of implementation in Western Australia were compared with controls from Nova Scotia matched on date of discharge from in-patient care, demographics, diagnosis and past in-patient psychiatric history. We analysed time to admission using Cox regression analyses and number of bed-days using logistic regression. Results. We matched 196 CTO cases with an equal number of controls. On survival analyses, CTO cases had a significantly greater readmission rate. Co-morbid personality disorder and previous psychiatric history were also associated with readmission. However, on logistic regression, patients on CTOs spent less time in hospital in the following year, with reduced in-patient stays of over 100 days. Conclusions. Although compulsory community treatment does not reduce hospital admission rates, increased surveillance of patients on CTOs may lead to earlier intervention such as admission, so reducing length of hospital stay. However, we do not know if it is the intensity of treatment, or its compulsory nature, that effects outcome.
Availability of emergency contraception after its deregulation from prescription-only status: a survey of Ontario pharmacies

In 2005 the emergency contraception formulation of levonorgestrel (Plan B) became available in Ontario pharmacies without a prescription. We surveyed 239 pharmacies 1 month before the regulatory change and 14–17 months after the change to determine whether availability of the drug increased. The response rates were 79% and 70% before and after the change in status. The proportion of pharmacies that had an in-stock supply of Plan B increased from 78% to 92% (p < 0.001). After the regulatory change, 87% of the surveyed pharmacies (95% confidence interval 82%–92%) reported that they had the drug in stock and were willing to dispense it behind the counter. Availability was similar for urban and rural pharmacies, but rural pharmacies had more restricted hours (e.g., 15% closed on weekends). Thus, as a result of the regulatory change, emergency contraception is more widely available, but access in rural areas is still limited by restricted pharmacy hours.
A comparison of ultrasonic and isotope scanning in the diagnosis of liver disease.

Abstract Scintiscans using technetium 99m sulphur colloid, and ultrasonic scans were carried out on 99 patients. Twentythree had normal livers, 21 had cirrhosis, 15 had tumour in the liver, six had obstructive jaundice, seven had fatty livers, five had abnormal livers without histological confirmation, six had cysts or abscesses of the liver, ten had miscellaneous conditions and in six one or other scan was unsatisfactory. In the normal group only two patients had abnormal scans by both methods, although ten had an abnormal isotope scan. In patients with cirrhosis both scans were usually abnormal. When tumour was present in the liver it was usually detected by the scintiscan, but in only half the ultrasonic scans could this abnormality be distinguished from that produced by obstructive jaundice or cirrhosis of the liver. The ultrasonic scan could distinguish cystic from solid lesions in the liver whereas the scintiscan could not.
Leptomeningeal Disease and the Evolving Role of Molecular Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy.

Background Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a complication that results from solid tumor metastasis. Prognosis is extremely poor. As therapeutic options for solid tumors improve, the rate of LMD continues to increase. Until recently, treatment has been limited to radiation therapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy, with an overall survival of 2-3 months. Targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapies are promising new options for increasing overall survival and clinical improvement; however, optimal clinical management remains unknown. Methods In this review, we discuss targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapy treatment options for LMD resulting from primary lung, breast, and melanoma tumors. In addition, we summarize dosing strategies, overall survival, clinical outcomes, and novel approaches to treatment. Results Our review indicates a deficiency in the current literature. Presently, intrathecal trastuzumab administration may be an effective option for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. BRAF inhibitors and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 targets have shown promising results in LMD resulting from melanoma. Finally, tyrosine kinase inhibitors may increase overall survival in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Pulsatile drug administration or dual therapy may be beneficial for patients who progress to LMD while being treated with EGFR targets for their primary malignancy. Conclusion Targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapy in LMD may provide favorable treatment options. Current literature is lacking in safety, efficacy, and overall response rates from the use of targeted therapy. Research is needed to draw significant conclusions about the most appropriate therapy for patients with LMD.
Field study of undifferentiated respiratory disease in housed beef calves

A severe outbreak of undifferentiated respiratory disease affecting 119 of 144 (82.6 per cent) two- to five-month-old housed beef calves was studied by monitoring their clinical signs and rectal temperatures daily or every second day for two months. New cases of respiratory disease, which were first identified three weeks after the calves were housed, occurred over a period of 29 days. The cause of the outbreak was not conclusively determined although 20 per cent of the calves sampled showed serological evidence of recent infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenzavirus 3. Seventeen of 61 calves (27.9 per cent) which were treated with tilmicosin had to be treated again, compared with nine of 58 calves (15.5 per cent) which were treated with both tilmicosin and flunixin meglumine and did not need further treatment, but this difference was not statistically significant.
Incretin Receptors in Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Thyroid C Cells in Rodents and Humans: Relevance for Incretin-Based Diabetes Therapy

While incretins are of great interest for the therapy of diabetes 2, the focus has recently been brought to the thyroid, since rodents treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs were found to occasionally develop medullary thyroid carcinomas. Incretin receptors for GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were therefore measured in various rodent and human thyroid conditions. In vitroGLP-1 and GIP receptor autoradiography were performed in normal thyroids, C-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid carcinomas in rodents. Receptor incidence and density were assessed and compared with the receptor expression in human thyroids, medullary thyroid carcinomas, and TT cells. GLP-1 receptors are expressed in C cells of normal rat and mice thyroids. Their density is markedly increased in rat C-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid carcinomas, where their incidence amounts to 100%. GIP receptors are neither detected in normal rodent thyroids nor in C-cell hyperplasia, but are present in all rat medullary thyroid carcinomas. No GLP-1 or GIP receptors are detected in normal human thyroids. Whereas only 27% of all human medullary thyroid carcinomas express GLP-1 receptors, up to 89% express GIP receptors in a high density. TT cells lack GLP-1 receptors but express GIP receptors. GLP-1 receptors are frequently expressed in non-neoplastic and neoplastic C cells in rodents while they are rarely detected in human C-cell neoplasia, suggesting species differences. Conversely, GIP receptors appear to be massively overexpressed in neoplastic C cells in both species. The presence of incretin receptors in thyroid C cell lesions suggests that this organ should be monitored before and during incretin-based therapy of diabetes.
A systematic review of marginal soft tissue at implants subjected to immediate loading or immediate restoration.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate marginal soft-tissue aspects at implants subjected to immediate loading or immediate restoration. METHODS An electronic Medline search from 1966 up to August 2005 was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective studies on immediate implant loading. The search strategy was complemented by hand searching in peer-reviewed journals. Studies reporting on soft-tissue aspects at implants subjected to immediate loading or immediate restoration and with a follow-up time of at least 1 year were included. Assessment of identified studies and data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. An attempt was made to isolate and categorize studies with similar protocols in order to identify trends and relevant factors. Variables that were considered included marginal and interproximal soft-tissue stability, marginal plaque accumulation, probing depth, bleeding on probing, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. RESULTS From an initial yield of 581 titles, 240 articles were selected for text analysis, finally resulting in 17 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Six studies on immediate implant loading or restoration were controlled studies, whereas the remainder was prospective case series. Seven studies reported on a 1-year data, and the longest follow-up within the included studies was 4 years. The total number of patients treated within the 17 studies was 432 including a total 706 implants studied. Overall, the articles reported on many different procedures and follow-up times, time points and evaluated soft-tissue parameters varied considerably between the different articles. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the evaluated data it can be cautiously concluded that once immediately loaded or restored implants integrate successfully, they appear to show a soft-tissue reaction with regard to periodontal as well as morphologic aspects comparable with those of conventionally loaded implants. However, follow-up periods are generally short, number of patients and/or implants per study are few, and most studies present only limited data on peri-implant soft-tissue evaluation. More accurate long-term studies with a stronger study design (i.e., RCT) reporting more detailed on treatment and follow-up protocols are required to allow for proper comparisons and conclusions.