Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The outcomes of the pregnancies of lactating women

To evaluate the outcomes of pregnancies occurring during lactation. Materials and methods: Sixty-one women who had interpregnancy intervals of 2 years were evaluated. Group 1 included 39 pregnancies of lactating women. Group 2 included 22 pregnancies of women who ceased lactation before conception. The groups were compared for gestational weight gain, birth weight, and obstetric complications. Results: The birth weights of the subsequent pregnancies of the first group were statistically lower than the second group (3086.6 ± 379.2 versus 3386.8 ± 388.1 g, P = 0.006). There was no statistically significant difference in obstetric complications observed between the 2 groups (P = 0.073). In the first group, in the pregnancies without any complications, the mean duration of lactation during the subsequent pregnancy period was 2.1 ± 1.5 months, and it was 2.0 ± 1.2 months in pregnancies with complications (P = 0.985). Conclusion: The mean birth weight of the subsequent pregnancy was lower in pregnancies observed during lactation. There was no difference in obstetric complications between the 2 groups. The duration of lactation is not a determining factor for increased complications in subsequent pregnancies.
Renal Effect of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim in Albino Rats

Lopinavir/ritonavir and sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim have been individually associated with renal adverse events which could be characterized by electrolyte imbalance. The concurrent use of these drugs in the management of HIV and co infections may impair renal function; therefore this work evaluates the renal effect of the co administration of these drugs in rats. Seventy five (75) animals which were divided into five (5) groups were used in this study. Group A which served as control contained fifteen (15) animals which were treated with 1% ethanol orally. Group B-E which contained fifteen (15) animals each was further subdivided into three (3) subgroups of five (5) animals each. Animals in these groups were treated with oral doses of SMX/TMP (11.2/2.3mg/kg), LPV/r (11.4/2.9mg/kg) and combined doses of SMX/TMP + LPV/r for 2-8 weeks respectively. Serum levels of potassium, sodium and chloride were evaluated. Kidney tissues were evaluated for catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) and histopathological changes. Results showed that treatment with LPV/r, SMX/TMP and co administered SMX/TMP + LPV/r had no significant time dependent effect on serum potassium, sodium and chloride. Treatment with SMX/TMP produced time dependent decrease in kidney CAT and GSHPX while LPV/r had no significant effect on kidney CAT and GSHPX. No significant synergistic effects were observed on CAT and GSHPX level when these agents were co administered. Single and combined doses of these agents did not produce morphological changes in the kidney of treated animals. Conclusion: Concurrent use of LPV/r and SMX/TMP in the management of a HIV and co infection may not have deleterious effect on serum electrolytes and kidney structure.
Intravenous Fetal Exchange Transfusion before 22 Weeks of Gestation in Early and Severe Red-Cell Fetomaternal Alloimmunization

Objectives: To determine the perinatal outcome in severe red-cell fetomaternal alloimmunization. Methods: Retrospective series of 32 affected fetuses treated with intravenous fetal exchange transfusion (IFET) before 22 weeks of gestation. The main outcome measures were the degree of fetal anemia, fetal transfusions and perinatal outcome. Results: The first IFET was performed at 19.8 ± 1.8 weeks of gestation. All fetuses were severely anemic and hemoglobin levels were not different between 20 hydropic and 12 nonhydropic fetuses (4.1 ± 2.5 vs. 5.6 ± 2.8 g/dl, p = 0.33). The initial maternal anti-D level ranged from 4 to 76 µg/l and was not correlated to fetal anemia (r = –0.07). Conclusion: The overall perinatal survival rate was 78% compared to a previous perinatal loss rate excluding first pregnancies of 55.5%.
The LRU-K page replacement algorithm for database disk buffering

This paper introduces a new approach to database disk buffering, called the LRU-K method. The basic idea of LRU-K is to keep track of the times of the last K references to popular database pages, using this information to statistically estimate the interarrival times of references on a page by page basis. Although the LRU-K approach performs optimal statistical inference under relatively standard assumptions, it is fairly simple and incurs little bookkeeping overhead. As we demonstrate with simulation experiments, the LRU-K algorithm surpasses conventional buffering algorithms in discriminating between frequently and infrequently referenced pages. In fact, LRU-K can approach the behavior of buffering algorithms in which page sets with known access frequencies are manually assigned to different buffer pools of specifically tuned sizes. Unlike such customized buffering algorithms however, the LRU-K method is self-tuning, and does not rely on external hints about workload characteristics. Furthermore, the LRU-K algorithm adapts in real time to changing patterns of access.
Current treatment options and strategies for myelodysplastic syndromes

Background: The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. A number of scoring systems have been developed but they are of limited value in guiding individual patient treatment decisions. Objective: We have presented the benefits and limitations of various treatment approaches for MDS to help provide guidance in treatment decisions. Methods: An extensive literature search on PubMed from 2000 to 2008 was done using MESH keywords MDS, treatment, 5-azacytidine, decitabine, lenalidomide, antithymocyte globulin. Conclusion: In recent years there has been progress in supportive care and three agents have been approved for the treatment of MDS. With the exception of lenalidomide, which produced remarkable responses with 5q chromosomal deletion, these therapies benefit a minority of patients and the overall outcomes are still unsatisfactory. Allogeneic stem cell transplant remains the only curative option but the majority of MDS patients are not eligible because of older age and other medical problems. Immunosuppressive therapy is helpful in a fraction of patients. Several newer agents are being tested, offering promise for the future.
Pairwise interaction tensor factorization for personalized tag recommendation

Tagging plays an important role in many recent websites. Recommender systems can help to suggest a user the tags he might want to use for tagging a specific item. Factorization models based on the Tucker Decomposition (TD) model have been shown to provide high quality tag recommendations outperforming other approaches like PageRank, FolkRank, collaborative filtering, etc. The problem with TD models is the cubic core tensor resulting in a cubic runtime in the factorization dimension for prediction and learning. In this paper, we present the factorization model PITF (Pairwise Interaction Tensor Factorization) which is a special case of the TD model with linear runtime both for learning and prediction. PITF explicitly models the pairwise interactions between users, items and tags. The model is learned with an adaption of the Bayesian personalized ranking (BPR) criterion which originally has been introduced for item recommendation. Empirically, we show on real world datasets that this model outperforms TD largely in runtime and even can achieve better prediction quality. Besides our lab experiments, PITF has also won the ECML/PKDD Discovery Challenge 2009 for graph-based tag recommendation.
A REPORT OF CHILDHOOD POISONING IN BABOL

Poisoning is a well-known cause of morbidity and mortality in children. This study was done to evaluate the pattern of acute poisoning in children in relation to different age groupings. Pediatric patients hospitalized for acute poisoning at the Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol, Iran, over a 6year period (1995 – 2001) were evaluated prospectively. A special attention was given to poisoning in relation to different age groupings. During the 6-year period, the poisoning cases increased from 18 to 98 (7% vs. 37.5%). Eighty-one percent of children were younger than 6 years of age and had a benign course. The majority of cases occurred in children aged 2 to 6 years. Males under the age of 13 years had a higher frequency of poisoning. Drugs were the most common agents of poisoning in children (31.6%), followed by hydrocarbon chemicals such as kerosene (31.2%). The most frequently implicated drugs were benzodiazepines (17.1%). Poisoning in children less than 2 years old was 37%. They were mostly accidental (82.3%) and the majority of them occurred in summer (34.6%). The highest rate of occurrence of poisoning was recorded between 4 and 8 PM (62%). Acute poisoning in children remains a frequent problem, highlighting the need to develop an education program on primary prevention in our region. Parental education and intensified child supervision are the indicated measures of prevention for unintentional poisoning.
Autopsy evaluation of defence wounds in homicidal death in central India

Defence wounds are injuries which are suffered by an individual in an attempt to save oneself from assault or while defending oneself from the offenders. The nature of these wounds varies depending on the type of weapon used, amount of force and the state of consciousness at the time of attack. They are of great significance in differentiating between manner i.e. homicide, suicide and accident. Hence the present study was undertaken to differentiate the pattern of injuries during defence in Homicidal deaths. A total of 205 cases of homicide were studied. Defence wounds were present in 44.4% of cases, out of which 92.3% were male and 7.7% cases were females. Maximum number of cases (45.1%) with defence wounds belonged to age group 20-29 years. Defence wounds present in injuries caused by sharp cutting weapon with stab wound were less (36.55) as compared to hard and blunt object (57.1%). In 30.8% cases defence wounds were present in more than one part of body. In 17.6% of cases alcohol was found in the contents of the stomach on post-mortem examination. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of defence wounds varies according to social, political, economic and cultural conditions of the area. The region of Central India is an agricultural region where use of sharp instruments is more common. The institute where this study was conducted is a cultural capital where fights between various social groups take place frequently. Language: en
Manipulating mindset to positively influence introductory programming performance

Introductory programming classes are renowned for their high dropout rates. The authors propose that this is because students learn to adopt a fixed mindset towards programming. This paper reports on a study carried out with an introductory programming class, based on Dweck's mindset research. Combinations of three interventions were carried out: tutors taught mindset to students; growth mindset feedback messages were given to students on their work; and, when stuck, students were encouraged to use a crib sheet with pathways to solve problems. The study found that the mixture of teaching mindset and giving mindset messages on returned work resulted in a significant change in mindset and a corresponding significant change in test scores - improvements in test scores were found in a class test given immediately after the six-week intervention and at the end-of-year exam. The authors discuss the results and the strengths and weaknesses of the study.
Sintomas depressivos entre internos de medicina em uma universidade pública brasileira

OBJECTIVE: To estimate, among Medical School intern students, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their severity, as well as associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in May 2008, with a representative sample of medical intern students (n = 84) from Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a structured questionnaire containing informationon sociodemographic variables, teaching-learning process, and personal aspects were used. The exploratory data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Finally, the analysis of multiple variables by logistic regression and the calculation of simple and adjusted OR swith their respective 95% confidence intervals were performed. RESULTS: The general prevalence was 40.5%, with 1.2% (95% CI: 0.0-6.5) of severe depressive symptoms; 4.8% (95% CI: 1.3-11.7) of moderate depressive symptoms; and 34.5% (95% CI: 24.5-45.7) of mild depressive symptoms. The logistic regression revealed the variables with a major impact associated with the emergence of depressive symptoms: thoughts of dropping out (OR 6.24; p = 0.002); emotional stress (OR 7.43;p = 0.0004); and average academic performance (OR 4.74; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the study population was associated with variables related to the teaching-learning process and personal aspects, suggesting immediate preemptive measures regarding Medical School graduation and student care are required.
Privacy-preserving data publishing: A survey of recent developments

The collection of digital information by governments, corporations, and individuals has created tremendous opportunities for knowledge- and information-based decision making. Driven by mutual benefits, or by regulations that require certain data to be published, there is a demand for the exchange and publication of data among various parties. Data in its original form, however, typically contains sensitive information about individuals, and publishing such data will violate individual privacy. The current practice in data publishing relies mainly on policies and guidelines as to what types of data can be published and on agreements on the use of published data. This approach alone may lead to excessive data distortion or insufficient protection. Privacy-preserving data publishing (PPDP) provides methods and tools for publishing useful information while preserving data privacy. Recently, PPDP has received considerable attention in research communities, and many approaches have been proposed for different data publishing scenarios. In this survey, we will systematically summarize and evaluate different approaches to PPDP, study the challenges in practical data publishing, clarify the differences and requirements that distinguish PPDP from other related problems, and propose future research directions.
Dynamic Ankle Stability: Mechanical and Neuromuscular Interrelationships

Ankle proprioception is widely regarded as an important factor that affects susceptibility to ankle sprain, but the precise mechanisms by which proprioceptive abilities may enhance ankle stability are not well understood. Pertinent literature is reviewed and theoretical interrelationships among factors that may affect dynamic ankle function are discussed. Topics addressed include mechanoreceptor function, muscle spindle function, postural balance, ankle edema, joint capsule distension, synovial hypertrophy, capsuloligamentous laxity, anterolateral rotary instability, ankle giving way, reflexive muscle splinting, articular deafferentation, neurogenic inflammation, muscular de-efferentation, and enhancement of compensatory neuromuscular mechanisms. Recommendations for future research are presented in the form of questions that cannot be adequately answered at present concerning the role of proprioceptively mediated mechanisms in the maintenance of dynamic ankle stability.
Expressive robots in education: varying the degree of social supportive behavior of a robotic tutor

Teaching is inherently a social interaction between teacher and student. Despite this knowledge, many educational tools, such as vocabulary training programs, still model the interaction in a tutoring scenario as unidirectional knowledge transfer rather than a social dialog. Therefore, ongoing research aims to develop virtual agents as more appropriate media in education. Virtual agents can induce the perception of a life-like social interaction partner that communicates through natural modalities such as speech, gestures and emotional expressions. This effect can be additionally enhanced with a physical robotic embodiment. This paper presents the development of social supportive behaviors for a robotic tutor to be used in a language learning application. The effect of these behaviors on the learning performance of students was evaluated. The results support that employing social supportive behavior increases learning efficiency of students.
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY IN KIDNEY AND BILIARY STONE DISEASE

Summary: Nephrolithiasis is a complex, multifactorial disease resulting from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. A minority of patients form stones because of well defined systemic diseases. In the rest, who usually are otherwise well expected for stone formation, the pathogenesis of stone is not as cleary defined. Compressive metabolic evaluation has become an important aspect of the management of recurrent nephrolithiasis, yet the role of stone analysis is often neglected or perhaps underestimated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition of kidney and biliary stones in our patients in order to provide guidance in metabolic evaluation and medical diagnosis, therapeutic treatment and prevention of recurrence. We used infrared spectroscopic method (Perkin Elmer Infrared Spectroscopy) to analyze the chemical composition of 224 kidney stones passed spontaneously or removed surgically and 40 gallstones removed surgically in the »Mother Teresa« University Hospital Centre of Tirana. Of 224 kidney stones 62 % belong to male and 38% to female patients. Of infrared spectroscopic examinations of kidney stones 75.4% of results are calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, 12.5% uric acid (UA) stones, 10.3% phosphate stones and 1.8% cystine stones. Of CaOx stones 67.4% are pure CaOx stones and 32.6% are mixed composition stones (CaOx mixed with UA or apatite). Of UA stones 82.1% are pure UA stones, 10.7% are UA stones mixed with ammonium urate and 7.2% are pure ammonium urate stones. Of phosphate stones 39.1% are of struvite composition, 26.1% are of carabapatite composition and 34.8% are of struvite composition mixed with apatite. The incidence of CaOx stones, UA stones and cystine stones is higher in men, while phosphate stones predominate in women. The chemical composition of 40 biliary stones examined with infrared spectroscopy is the following: 2.5% are pure calcium bilirubinate stones, are 42.5% are pure cholesterol stones and 55% are mixed stones (cholesterol stones mixed with calcium bilirubinate, calcite, aragonite or apatite). Females predominate in bilary stones. Calcium stones are the most frequent kidney stones. Calcium stones, uric acid stones and cystine stones were found more frequently in males than in females. On the other hand, phosphate containing stones, very often called »infection stones«, were more frequent in female patients. Cholesterol stones predominate in gallstones examined by infrared spectroscopy. All types of gallstones are more frequent in women than in men. Stone analysis alone may provide guidance for therapeutic treatment and recurrence prevention.
Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis

An important part of our information-gathering behavior has always been to find out what other people think. With the growing availability and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as online review sites and personal blogs, new opportunities and challenges arise as people now can, and do, actively use information technologies to seek out and understand the opinions of others. The sudden eruption of activity in the area of opinion mining and sentiment analysis, which deals with the computational treatment of opinion, sentiment, and subjectivity in text, has thus occurred at least in part as a direct response to the surge of interest in new systems that deal directly with opinions as a first-class object. This survey covers techniques and approaches that promise to directly enable opinion-oriented information-seeking systems. Our focus is on methods that seek to address the new challenges raised by sentiment-aware applications, as compared to those that are already present in more traditional fact-based analysis. We include material on summarization of evaluative text and on broader issues regarding privacy, manipulation, and economic impact that the development of opinion-oriented information-access services gives rise to. To facilitate future work, a discussion of available resources, benchmark datasets, and evaluation campaigns is also provided.
The Probabilistic Relevance Framework: BM25 and Beyond

The Probabilistic Relevance Framework (PRF) is a formal framework for document retrieval, grounded in work done in the 1970—1980s, which led to the development of one of the most successful text-retrieval algorithms, BM25. In recent years, research in the PRF has yielded new retrieval models capable of taking into account document meta-data (especially structure and link-graph information). Again, this has led to one of the most successful Web-search and corporate-search algorithms, BM25F. This work presents the PRF from a conceptual point of view, describing the probabilistic modelling assumptions behind the framework and the different ranking algorithms that result from its application: the binary independence model, relevance feedback models, BM25 and BM25F. It also discusses the relation between the PRF and other statistical models for IR, and covers some related topics, such as the use of non-textual features, and parameter optimisation for models with free parameters.
What is Twitter, a social network or a news media?

Twitter, a microblogging service less than three years old, commands more than 41 million users as of July 2009 and is growing fast. Twitter users tweet about any topic within the 140-character limit and follow others to receive their tweets. The goal of this paper is to study the topological characteristics of Twitter and its power as a new medium of information sharing. We have crawled the entire Twitter site and obtained 41.7 million user profiles, 1.47 billion social relations, 4,262 trending topics, and 106 million tweets. In its follower-following topology analysis we have found a non-power-law follower distribution, a short effective diameter, and low reciprocity, which all mark a deviation from known characteristics of human social networks [28]. In order to identify influentials on Twitter, we have ranked users by the number of followers and by PageRank and found two rankings to be similar. Ranking by retweets differs from the previous two rankings, indicating a gap in influence inferred from the number of followers and that from the popularity of one's tweets. We have analyzed the tweets of top trending topics and reported on their temporal behavior and user participation. We have classified the trending topics based on the active period and the tweets and show that the majority (over 85%) of topics are headline news or persistent news in nature. A closer look at retweets reveals that any retweeted tweet is to reach an average of 1,000 users no matter what the number of followers is of the original tweet. Once retweeted, a tweet gets retweeted almost instantly on next hops, signifying fast diffusion of information after the 1st retweet. To the best of our knowledge this work is the first quantitative study on the entire Twittersphere and information diffusion on it.