Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential of Legume-Cereal Intercropping for Increasing Yields and Yield Stability for Self-Sufficiency with Animal Fodder in Organic Farming

Huňady I. , Hochman M . (2014): Potential of legume-cereal intercropping for increasing yields and yield stability for self-sufficiency with animal fodder in organic farming . Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. , 50: 185–194. Intercropping of grain legumes and cereals is a promising theme in organic farming for its potential for increasing and stabilizing yields, reducing weed pressure and sustaining plant health. On animal husbandry farms, peacereal mixtures may be an interesting crop harvested for green fodder as well as for feed concentrates. Increasing self-sufficiency with fodder is in agreement with the principles of organic agriculture, and it reduces the risks related to the import of soy protein that may be admixed with GM soya. In 2008–2011, plot trials (PT) with intercropped peas and spring cereals (wheat, barley) were conducted. Varieties and pea-cereal combinations were examined to find suitable varieties for intercropping, and the best pea to cereal ratio in the seed intercrop (pea to cereal ratios 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80). Results show that intercropping peas and spring cereals may be advantageous compared to monocultures. Pea-cereal intercrops produce high yields of green matter and con centrates especially when intercropped at the pea to cereal ratio of 60:40 and 40:60. In 2009, on five certified
Computational biomechanics of the aortic root

The aortic valve and root perform extremely sophisticated functions that are critically dependent on their topology as well as the structure of their component parts at tissue, cellular and molecular levels . Each of these components is capable of changing its size and shape during different phases of the cardiac cycle . Computational biomechanics offers unique opportunities to study many of these functions in humans. Rapid progress in this field has resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of knowledge relating to this topic. We here describe the application of biomechanics to the study of the aortic root in health and disease as well as following different types of valve preserving and aortic root replacement using biological valves.
The workforce composition of young firms and product innovation: Complementarities in the skills of founders and their early employees

We investigate the extent to which complementarities between technical and business skills of founders and employees matter for the generation of market novelties by new ventures. Using data about German start-ups, we find that there are no complementarities between technical and business skills within the group of founders, but that there are significant complementarities between technically trained founders and employees who have business skills. This suggests that the innovation potential of start-ups by technically trained founders is best explored by hiring employees who are trained in business. However, a reverse relationship does not exist: There are no complementarities between founders with business skills and employees with technical skills.
A Tuning of LQ-PID Controllers via a Combined Time- and Frequency-Domain Control Method

This paper proposes a new method for tuning a linear quadratic - proportional integral derivative controller for second order systems to simultaneously meet the time and frequency domain design specifications. The suitable loop-shape of the controlled system and the desired step response are considered as specifications in the time and frequency domains, respectively. The weighting factors, Q and R of the LQ controller are determined by the algebraic Riccati equation with respect to the limiting behavior and target function matching. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed LQ-PID tuning method
New isoflavones from the leaves of Vatairea guianensis Aublé

Das folhas de Vatairea guianensis Auble foram isoladas quatro isoflavonas identificadas como, 5,3',-diidroxi-4'-metoxi-2",2"-dimetilpirano-(5",6":8,7)-isoflavona ( 1: ), 5,7-diidroxi-3',4'-metilenodioxi-8-prenil-isoflavona ( 2: ) e 5,3'-diidroxi-4'-metoxi-7-O-β-glicopiranosideo-8-prenil-isoflavona ( 3: ) e derrona ( 4: ), juntamente com cinco triterpenos identificados em mistura de lupeol, α-amirina, β-amirina, germanicol e acido betulinico. As substâncias 1: 3: sao novos produtos naturais, porem 1: e 2: ja foram citados como produtos de sintese. No entanto, todas essas substâncias sao relatadas pela primeira vez para essa especie. Suas estruturas quimicas foram elucidadas com base nos seus dados de ressonância magnetica nuclear (RMN) 1D e 2D e por espectrometria de massas de alta resolucao. O extrato etanolico das folhas e os compostos 1-3: foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial sequestrador do radical DPPH• (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila) e os resultados mostram que o extrato apresentou alta atividade (CI50 = 6,2 ± 0,4 µg mL-1), enquanto as substâncias testadas apresentaram baixo poder antioxidante (CI50 ≥ 29,5 ± 2,5 µg mL-1) quando comparadas com TROLOX (CI50 = 4,5 ± 0,4 µg mL-1).
Housing Policies in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and the United States: Lessons Learned

We provide an analysis of the housing market and current housing policies in three developed countries: the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and the United States. We focus on these three countries mainly because of the marked differences in their institutional settings. The United Kingdom is characterized by fiscal centralization and an extraordinarily rigid planning system. The consequences of this setting, which make housing supply extremely unresponsive to changes in house prices, are a high degree of urban containment, a severe housing affordability crisis, and a housing shortage, particularly for the young. The key UK policy, Help-to-Buy, which focuses on stimulating housing demand, fails to address the affordability crisis, because increasing demand only pushes up house prices further without expanding housing supply. Fiscal decentralization and a lax zoning system—both are encouraging residential development—and an extraordinarily low homeownership rate explain why Switzerland’s main political concerns are sprawl and rent stabilization. The country’s key policies aim to tackle these two concerns, but those same policies have some important unintended consequences. The United States is characterized by fiscal federalism and an enormous variation in the tightness of land use restrictiveness across metropolitan areas. The key policy concern across the country is homeownership attainment and the key policy to tackle this issue is the mortgage interest deduction (MID). This policy backfires in metropolitan areas that are prosperous and where land use is tightly regulated— “superstar cities”—because, in these places, the policy-induced demand increase mainly pushes up house prices. The MID increases homeownership attainment of only higher-income households in metropolitan areas with lax land use regulation. The net effect of the policy on homeownership attainment across the country is essentially zero. We conclude that the assessment of housing policies crucially depends on the fiscal and regulatory environment in local housing markets. Policies that stimulate housing demand, such as the MID or Help-to-Buy, are doomed to fail in markets with tight regulation or otherwise tight supply.
Assessment of the Socioeconomic Aspects of Street Vendors in Dhaka City: Evidence from Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, informal sector plays a prominent role in terms of their contribution to employment generation and poverty alleviation. Street trading constitutes a significant part of this sector involving street vendors as the key players. Nonetheless the roles of the vendors are ignored and their vulnerable condition is never emphasized. This paper tries to investigate the present status of different street vendors in Dhaka City with the aim of assessing the socio-economic conditions and business issues conducting a field survey of vendors engaged in fruit, vegetable, tea and other food items selling through in-depth personal interview using 3-Stage sampling method. This Study indicates that poverty, migration from rural area, low education, exorbitant supply of labor and large family size are the major driving forces of carrying out this business. According to this survey, Personal savings is the single most important source of financing the vending business. Selling assets and lending from cooperative society are the two other major sources of financing the business representing the absence of formal credit facilities for these poor street vendors. This article also reveals the importance of social capital in street vending and the excessive work hour of the vendors and lack of opportunities of alternative formal employment evident from their fulltime working status even in the presence of political instability, natural calamity or financial crisis.
Unified approach to cosmic acceleration

We present a unified framework for the study of late time cosmic acceleration. Using methods of effective field theory, we show that existing proposals for late time acceleration can be subsumed in a single framework, rather than many compartmentalized theories. We construct the most general action consistent with symmetry principles, derive the background and perturbation evolution equations, and demonstrate that for special choices of our parameters we can reproduce results already existing in the literature. Lastly, we lay the foundation for future work placing phenomenological constraints on the parameters of the effective theory. Although in this paper we focus on late time acceleration, our construction also generalizes the effective field theory of inflation to the scalar-tensor and multifield case for perturbatively constructed backgrounds.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Clinical Sources at Tertiary Health Care Setting, Ile Ife, South Western Nigeria

Antimicrobial resistance is majorly an issue of public health concern. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify Escherichia coli from samples of stool and urine obtained from the clinical settings at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, and to determine their antibiotics susceptibility patterns. Nineteen (19) of stools and 22 of urine samples were analysed using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques and 11 pure isolates were obtained comprised of 5 (12,2%) isolates from urine and 6 (14,6%) isolates from stool. Antibiotics susceptibility studies were conducted using Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guides. The studies showed that all the E. coli isolated were 100% resistant to augmentin, gentamycin, streptomycin, tetracyclin and chloramphenicol, and 90.90% resistant to oflaxin, sparfloxacin, and amoxycillin while the isolates were susceptible tociprofloxacin (26.33%), and pefloxacin (45.46%). Effective hygiene must be encouraged and indiscriminate usage of antibiotic must be avoided in the study area.
Early Age Deformation and Resultant Induced Stress in Expansive High Strength Concrete

Expansive additive is well known to be effective in compensating early-age shrinkage and the resultant induced stress in reinforced high-strength concrete (HSC) members. On the other hand, there have been few studies on numerical analysis methods for evaluating such early-age induced stress, which are vital to verify the risk of cracking. The present study formulates a 3-dimensional finite element method as well as a practical calculation method based on the beam theory, both of which consider the principle of superposition and linear stress-strain relationship of creep, in order to evaluate the early-age shrinkage/expansion-induced stress in reinforced members. The applicability of the proposed methods is evaluated by comparing computed values with experimental values on shrinkage/expansion-induced stress in RC beam specimens composed of various HSCs, using expansive additive and/or shrinkage reducing chemical agent and/or low-heat Portland cement. The results demonstrate that the proposed finite element method can accurately simulate induced stress in the reinforced concrete beams, even when expansive additive is used, and this indicates that the linear stress-strain relationship may be valid for expansive high strength concrete. Furthermore, there is a good agreement between the finite element method and a practical calculation method based on the beam theory, even in the case of RC beams with stirrups that cause a three-dimensional restraint condition in concrete.
Land Use, Ecology, and Socio-economic Changes in a Pastoral Production System

Abstract This study was conducted in the northern part of Kenya, in Kakuma division, Turkana district. Kakuma is a semiarid area under nomadic pastoralism as the main activity. The presence of a refugee camp has attracted many people from within the Turkana community and also the outside community. The study aimed at documenting the effects of emergent land use changes on vegetation resources and the socio-economic environment in Kakuma. Data on vegetation density and cover was collected. Socio-economic data was collected from the local Turkana population and the settlement camp. The data was analysed using SPSS computer package and descriptive statistics. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in vegetation cover and density with increasing distance away from the settlement camp. The mean tree crown cover was low near the settlement camp (6.2%) but high away from the settlement camp (57.7%). Mean tree density was high near the settlement camp (13 individuals/100m2). Shrub crown cover was low (0.9%) in the areas that had settlements. The need for fencing and building materials was the main cause of low shrub cover. The density of the shrub species generally increased as one moved away from the settlement camp (17 individuals/16m2). Herb species cover and density was high near the settlement camp(68% and 202 individuals/1m2 respectively) but this comprised mostly of species unpalatable to livestock like Tribulus terrestris and Portulaca oleraceae. The study revealed that droughts and livestock raids in the previous years had set in motion social and ecological changes. The loss of livestock through raids and droughts encouraged sedenterization. This affected the cultural patterns and has had an effect on the rangeland condition. Lack of mobility concentrated livestock in specific areas, thus depleting the forage resources and creating conditions for soil erosion. Trading activities between the refugees and the Turkana had both positive and negative impact on the economic, social and cultural setup of the local community. The increase in population around Kakuma and the settlement camp has set in motion changes that have affected vegetation and social structures. The immediate social and economic returns from the exploitation of resources have overridden the long-term benefits. In regard to this there is a need for education on the impacts, both short-term and long-term, of the various activities on the vegetation, livestock resources and also the pastoral lifestyle.
An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility Expenditure in India

CSR has been practiced by companies in the developed world in a big way. Most of the large private universities in the United States (US) were setup as a part of CSR activities undertaken by large corporates. A lot of multinational companies contribute towards the development of societies in which they operate. A most notable example is Shell, an AngloDutch multinational oil and gas company, which supports the local communities in Nigeria. In India, large scale philanthropic activities were undertaken post-independence, which led to the setting up of some of the most prestigious institutions of professional education. Companies also contributed by making donations to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their own trusts, which were deductible under Section 80 G of the Income Tax (IT) Act. However, the donations were not transparent and lacked accountability.
rEdUCInG ThE rISK oF VWAP ordErS EXECUTIon — A nEW APProACh To modEllInG

This paper proposes a new dynamic approach to modelling intra-day trading volume based on factor models. It assumes that intra-day volume can be decomposed into two parts each predicted using separate time-series models. By enabling more accurate prediction of intra-day volume, this methodology allows for a significant reduction in the cost of executing Volume Weighted average Price orders.1 rEdUCInG ThE rISK oF VWAP ordErS EXECUTIon — A nEW APProACh To modEllInG InTrA-dAY VolUmE
Monetary and Fiscal Impacts on Economic Activity in Bangladesh: A Note

In recent years the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy actions on economic stabilization has been debated by both economists and policymakers. In case of USA, empirical studies using a reduced form 'St. Louis equation5 has shown that monetary actions have a greater impact on economic activity than fiscal actions (see, for example Andersen, Leonall and Carlson 1970 ; Carlson 1970 ; Hafer 1982). On the other hand, structural models such as the FRB-MIT model suggest that fiscal, rather than monetary, actions exert the dominant influence on economic activities in USA (see, for example deLeeuw and Kalchbrenner 1969). Batten and Hafer (1983) and Dewald and Marchon (1978) have also discussed the relative effectiveness of the two stabilization policies in other developed countries. However, the results from these studies cannot be generalized for the developing countries since they have significanty different economic and political structures. There has been very few, if any, empirical studies regarding the relative efficacy of the stabilization tools in these countries, The purpose of this note is to test the comparative effectiveness of the two policy variables in, case of a developing economy like Bangladesh. Bangladesh represents an open econmy with a large non-monetized sector. Although the monetary management decisions are taken by the Bangladesh Bank yet, unlike many developing countries, the Bank is directly controlled by the Government. The fiscal decisions are also unilaterally taken by the executive branch of the government with little or no input from the legislature.
Interactive comment on “ Detecting the onset and effects of major northern hemisphere glaciation in the abyssal tropical Atlantic Ocean ” by Brent Wilson

Dear Editor The advent of new statistical techniques presents opportunities for palaeoecologists to obtain new insights from older data when they are re-analysed statistically. This allows more detailed and inferential or informative interpretations to be based upon the quantitative results. Such was the case in the present study, where we applied the Assemblage Turnover Index (ATI) of Hayek and Wilson (2013) to a dataset published by Yasuda (1997, table 1). We will in our revised text comply with the reviewers’ many recommendations regard-
Haematological response of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings exposed to low salinities

The present study was carried out for a period of 42 days to find out the effect of different acclimation salinities (0-control, 2, 4, 6 and 8 ppt) on the haematology of Labeo rohita fingerlings. The fish remained active and showed normal feeding and swimming behaviour up to 4 ppt salinity level; however, at 6 and 8 ppt, they get stressed but were able to survive. There was no significant difference in haematological parameters among fishes in the control, 2 and 4 ppt treatments. Haematocrit (Ht%) values were within the optimum range at 0, 2 and 4 ppt salinity. The mean haematocrit values ranged from 22.21 (at 8 ppt) to 27.03 (control). The highest mean haemoglobin content was observed at 0 ppt (7.09 g dl-1) and it was lowest at 8 ppt salinity (5.36 mg dl-1) on the day of termination of the experiment. Mean total erythrocyte count (TEC) was highest (1.83x106 mm-3) at 2 ppt salinity and the lowest was at 8 ppt salinity (1.52 x106 mm-3). The mean total leukocyte count (TLC) was highest at 8 ppt (4.81x103 mm-3) and the lowest value was recorded at 0 ppt (4.35 x103 mm-3). The mean plasma glucose level at 8 ppt (62.43 mg dl-1) was the highest among the different groups and lowest of 44.70 mg dl-1 was seen in control fishes. Results of the study indicated that increasing salinity up to a certain level is tolerated by L. rohita through osmoregulation, however, extreme salinity stress can lead to alterations in the haematology as well as physiology and further the inability to adapt, leads to metabolic downregulation, thereby affecting growth.
Performance Evaluation of Foreign Trade and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Foreign trade plays a vital in restructuring economic and social attributes of countries around the world. The workings of an economy in terms of growth rate and per capita income have been based on the domestic production, consumption activities and in conjunction with foreign transaction of goods and services. Foreign trade has not help in promoting economic growth because the Nigeria economy still experience some element of economic instability and this trade has also turned the country into an import dependent economy. The study focuses on the workings of trade on Nigeria economic growth. In carrying out this objectives, linear multiple regression model analysis was used in assessing various components of foreign trade. Ordinary least square, (OLS) techniques was used as a medium to achieve this objective. Data used in this study were extracted from CBN statistical bulletin, golden jubilee edition. From the study, it was observed that export, import, and exchanged rate are all negatively related to real output of Nigeria with 19%, 8.7% and 52% respectively and the adjusted R 2 is 71% for the period, 1970 to 2005. With this, it could be said that, foreign trade policies should be reexamined and competitive produces should be produced by local industries.
Optical mobility of blood cells for label-free cell separation applications

This paper describes the optical mobilities of blood cell components. Blood cells are heterogeneous, and their optical behaviors depend on size, morphology, and other optical properties. In a step toward the label-free separation of blood cells, the optical mobility resulting from the optical scattering and cell properties was derived and evaluated for each cell component. The optical mobilities of red blood cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes were measured under various flow conditions of a cross-type optical particle separator.
Association of dietary soy with expression of various pro-inflammatory genes in porcine phagocytes.

Soybean and whey are two common protein sources used in piglet feeding; however, their effects on pro-inflammatory responses remain unclear. The present study investigated the expression of various genes implicated in the activation/deactivation of porcine phagocytes post-weaning. Eighteen piglets were divided into two groups based on the main protein source of their diet; soybean (SB) or whey proteins (WP). Blood phagocytes were isolated at 72 days of age. Expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA), u-PA receptor (u-PAR), plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclo-oxygenase-2 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in activated monocytes and neutrophils (except IL-10) was determined by quantitative PCR. Expression of u-PAR, ICAM-1 and iNOS were lower in both cell types obtained from SB-fed piglets compared to WP-fed piglets. In conclusion, a SB-based diet, compared with a WP diet, is associated with reduced expression of crucial pro-inflammatory genes in porcine phagocytes.