Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

OBJECTIVE The study aimed to describe the prevalence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively studied 65 patients with dementia, 37 met the criteria of NINCDS-ADRDA for probable AD and 28 the clinical and radiological criteria of NINDS-AIREN for VaD. Among VaD patients, 22 met the radiological criteria for subcortical VaD. The Minimental State Examination (MMSE) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were used to evaluate cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. All patients underwent a neuroimaging study (CT scan and/or MRI). Patients were not treated with antidementia or psychotropic drugs. RESULTS Age, gender, educational level and MMSE scores did not differ between patients (p >0.05). The total prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms was similar in both groups (AD 94.6% vs. VaD 96.4%, p= 0.727). Sleep disturbances (35.1% v 3.6%, p =0.002) and appetite changes (37.8% v 14.3%, p = 0.032) were more prevalent in AD patients than in VaD patients who met the NINDS-AIREN criteria. Sleep disturbances (35.1% v 4.5%, p =0.008), appetite changes (37.8% v 13.6%, p = 0.047) and aberrant motor behaviour (24.3% v 0%, p =0.012) were more prevalent in AD patients than in subcortical VaD. The total scores for sleep disturbance, appetite changes and aberrant motor behavioural were higher in AD patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences between AD and VaD patients, except that sleep disturbances, appetite changes and aberrant motor behaviour that were more prevalent and severe in AD.
An Analysis of Farmers' Net Incomes from Underplanted Forest Products: Case Studies from Hunan and Guangxi Provinces of China

SUMMARY The development of underplanted forest products (UFPs) is one of the forest-related policies arising from the recent Collective Forest Tenure reforms in China. This study aimed to understand what might affect farmers' incomes from UFPs, the difficulties and barriers farmers face in developing UFPs, and the influence of the UFPs policy. A semi-structured questionnaire study and two qualitative interview studies with local households and local forest authority directors were administered in Guangxi and Hunan Provinces, China. A lack of related knowledge and market information was the major barrier to cultivating UFPs. The UFPs policy has had negligible influence in encouraging the development of UFPs. According to participants, the main difference between households that were and were not cultivating UFPs was related to improved market access and information. Interviewees felt that cooperation and support from the government and from UFP processors would enhance their interests in the cultivation of UFPs.
Reproductive factors and family history of breast cancer in relation to plasma prolactin levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Many reproductive factors are associated with breast cancer risk, potentially through a hormonal pathway. The peptide hormone prolactin is essential in mammary development and lactation and may be a link between risk factors and breast cancer. While higher prolactin levels are associated with increased breast cancer risk, few determinants of prolactin levels are known. We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis among 1,089 premenopausal and 1,311 postmenopausal women within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the NHS II to examine the associations of reproductive factors, benign breast disease and family history of breast cancer with plasma prolactin levels. Parous women had significantly lower prolactin levels than nulliparous women (parous vs. nulliparous multivariate‐adjusted geometric means = 14.1 ng/mL vs. 16.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001 for premenopausal and 9.1 vs. 10.1, p = 0.04 for postmenopausal women), although levels did not decrease with increasing number of children for either premenopausal (p‐trend = 0.23) or postmenopausal (p‐trend = 0.07) parous women. Age at first birth was not associated with prolactin levels. The reduction in prolactin levels among parous premenopausal women appeared to attenuate with increasing time since first birth, but the trend was not statistically significant (p‐trend = 0.12). Age at menarche, duration of lactation and benign breast disease were not associated with prolactin levels. Family history of breast cancer was associated with significantly higher prolactin levels when compared with no family history among premenopausal (15.9 ng/mL vs. 14.3 ng/mL, p = 0.04) but not postmenopausal (p = 0.73) women. In conclusion, the associations of parity and family history with breast cancer risk may be mediated, at least in part, by prolactin levels. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bacterial isolates and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in NICU.

BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the newborns in the developing world. OBJECTIVES To determine the common bacterial isolates causing sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. METHODS A one year discriptive prospective study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit to analyse the results of blood culture and to look into the sensitivity of the commonly used antibiotics. RESULTS The blood culture yield by conventional method was 44.13% with nosocomial sepsis accounting for 10.79%. 84.08% were culture proven early onset sepsis and 15.95% were late onset sepsis. Klebsiella infection was the commonest organism isolated in early, late and nosocomial sepsis but statistically not significant. Gram positive organisms were 39.36% in which Staphylococcus aureus was the leading microorganism followed by coagulase negative staphylococcus areus. Gram negative organisms were 60.64% amongst them Klebsiella was the most often encountered followed by Pseudomonas. The most common organism Klebsiella was 87.5% and 78.3% resistance to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Among gram negative isolates 87.5% and 77.2% were resistance to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Among gram positive isolates 58.5% and 31.5% resistance were noted to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Resistance to cefotaxim to gram negative and gram positive isolates were 87.34% and 59.35% respectively. CONCLUSION Klebsiella is most common organism which is almost resistance to first line antibiotics. Resistance to both gram negative and gram positive isolates among firstline antibiotics and even with cefotaxim is emerging and is a major concern in neonatal intensive care unit.
Increase resistant rates and ESBL production between E. coli isolates causing urinary tract infection in young patients from Iran

Emerging antimicrobial resistance rates and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli recovered from urinary tract infections (UTI) is an increasing problem in specific regions, limiting therapeutic options. One hundred E. coli isolates causing UTI in patients with age from 2 months to 12 years admitted at CMC in the period of April 2009 to March 2010 were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Surprisingly high resistance rates were recorded for E. coli against TMP/SMX (84%), cefalotin (66%), cefuroxime (50%), cefixime (50%) and ceftriaxone (45%). Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates was followed by meropenem (98%), amikacin (95%), nitrofurantoin (91%) and gentamicin (68%). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase production, was observed in 32% of community and 42% of nosocomial isolates. The results of this study and numerous observations regarding the increasing resistance to these antibiotics, in several countries, emphasize the need for local population-specific surveillance for guiding empirical therapy for UTI in children.
Libraries against libraries for combinatorial selection of replicating antigen–antibody pairs

Antibodies are among the most highly selective tight-binding ligands for proteins. Because the human genome project has deciphered the proteome, there is an opportunity to use combinatorial antibody libraries to select high-affinity antibodies to every protein encoded by the genome. However, this is a large task because the selection formats used today for combinatorial antibody libraries are geared toward generating antibodies to one antigen at a time. Here, we describe a method that accelerates the identification of antibodies to a multitude of antigens simultaneously by matching combinatorial antibody libraries against eukaryotic antigen libraries so that replication-competent cognate antigen–antibody pairs can be directly selected. Phage and yeast display systems are used because they each link genotype to phenotype and can be replicated individually. When combined with cell sorting, the two libraries can be selected against each other for recovery of cognate antigen–antibody clones in a single experiment.
Malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian school children.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that malocclusion and its impact on quality of life has no effect on 8- to 10-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren as measured by an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) instrument. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based sample of 1204 8- to 10-year-old children attending elementary schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Dental examinations were carried out by two calibrated examiners. OHRQoL was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire. The Dental Aesthetic Index was used for the clinical assessment of malocclusion. Dental caries and socioeconomic factors were used as controlling variables. Bivariate analysis involved the chi-square test and the Fisher exact test. A Poisson regression model was employed for the multivariate analysis (P < .05). RESULTS Anterior segment spacing and anterior mandibular overjet were significantly associated with impact on OHRQoL (P < .05). Schoolchildren with malocclusion were 1.30-fold (95% CI: 1.15-1.46; P < 0.001) more likely to experience a negative impact on OHRQoL than those without malocclusion. Children belonging to families with an income less than or equal to two times the minimum wage were 1.59-fold (95% CI: 1.35-1.88; P < 0.001) more likely to experience a negative impact on OHRQoL than those belonging to families with the highest income. CONCLUSIONS Schoolchildren with malocclusion from lower-income families experience a greater negative impact on OHRQoL.
Transient weight misadjustment properties for the finite precision LMS algorithm

Implementation of the least mean squares (LMS) algo- rithm in finite precision (FP) arithmetic introduces degradations in performance compared to the infinite precision (IP) implementation. This paper derives a new and more accurate analytical result for the expected misadjustment in the LMS weight vector due to FP effects. Whereas previous results have been applicable only during steady state, the results of this present paper are applicable to both the transient adaptation period and steady state. Experimental data are then pre- sented which show the new analytical results to be valid for approxi- mating the weight misadjustment during the transient adaptation pe- riod over a wide range of filter and data values.
Prevalence of Workers With Shifts in Hearing by Industry: A Comparison of OSHA and NIOSH Hearing Shift Criteria

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of workers with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health significant threshold shifts (NSTS), Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard threshold shifts (OSTS), and with OSTS with age correction (OSTS-A), by industry using North American Industry Classification System codes. Methods: From 2001 to 2010, worker audiograms were examined. Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios for NSTS were estimated by industry. NSTS, OSTS, and OSTS-A prevalences were compared by industry. Results: Twenty percent of workers had an NSTS, 14% had an OSTS, and 6% had an OSTS-A. For most industries, the OSTS and OSTS-A criteria identified 28% to 36% and 66% to 74% fewer workers than the NSTS criteria, respectively. Conclusions: Use of NSTS criteria allowing for earlier detection of shifts in hearing is recommended for improved prevention of occupational hearing loss.
cis- and trans-Acting Functions of Brome Mosaic Virus Protein 1a in Genomic RNA1 Replication

ABSTRACT RNA viruses employ a combination of mechanisms to regulate their gene expression and replication. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a tripartite positive-strand RNA virus used to study the requirements for virus infection. BMV genomic RNA1 encodes protein 1a, which contains a methyltransferase (MT) domain and a helicase domain that are required for replication. 1a forms a complex with the 2a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for the replication and transcription of all BMV RNAs. RNA1 expressed with 2a from Agrobacterium-based vectors can result in RNA1 replication in Nicotiana benthamiana. A mutation in the 1a translation initiation codon significantly decreased RNA1 accumulation even when wild-type (WT) 1a and 2a were provided in trans. Therefore, efficient RNA1 replication requires 1a translation from RNA1 in cis, indicating a linkage between replication and translation. Mutation analyses showed that the full-length 1a protein was required for efficient RNA1 replication, not just the process of translation. Three RNA1s with mutations in the 1a MT domain could be partially rescued by WT 1a expressed in trans, indicating that the cis-acting function of 1a was retained. Furthermore, an RNA motif in the 5′-untranslated region of RNA1, named the B box, was required for 1a to function in cis and in trans for BMV RNA accumulation. The B box is required for the formation of the replication factory (M. Schwartz, J. Chen, M. Janda, M. Sullivan, J. den Boon, and P. Ahlquist, Mol. Cell 9:505-514, 2002). Results in this work demonstrate a linkage between BMV RNA1 translation and replication.
Shock absorption capacity of restorative materials for dental implant prostheses: an in vitro study.

PURPOSE To measure the vertical occlusal forces transmitted through crowns made of different restorative materials onto simulated peri-implant bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted using a masticatory robot that is able to reproduce the mandibular movements and forces exerted during mastication. During robot mastication, the forces transmitted onto the simulated peri-implant bone were recorded using nine different restorative materials for the simulated single crown: zirconia, two glass-ceramics, a gold alloy, three composite resins, and two acrylic resins. Three identical sample crowns for each material were used. Each crown was placed under 100 masticatory cycles, occluding with the flat upper surface of the robot to evaluate the vertical forces transmitted. Two-way analysis of variance was used. Alpha was set at . 05. RESULTS The statistical evaluation of the force peaks recorded on the vertical z-axis showed mean values of 641.8 N for zirconia; 484.5 N and 344.5 N, respectively, for the two glass-ceramics; 344.8 N for gold alloy; 293.6 N, 236 N, and 187.4 N, respectively, for the three composite resins; and 39.3 N and 28.3 N, respectively, for the two acrylic resins. Significant differences were found between materials (P < .0001), except for the comparison between gold alloy and one of the glass-ceramics. CONCLUSION Composite and above all acrylic resin crowns were more able to absorb shock from occlusal forces than crowns made of zirconia, ceramic material, or gold alloy.
Chicken RNA-binding protein T-cell internal antigen-1 contributes to stress granule formation in chicken cells and tissues

T-cell internal antigen-1 (TIA-1) has roles in regulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA translation, and stress granule (SG) formation in human cells. As an evolutionarily conserved response to environmental stress, SGs have been reported in various species. However, SG formation in chicken cells and the role of chicken TIA-1 (cTIA-1) in SG assembly has not been elucidated. In the present study, we cloned cTIA-1 and showed that it facilitates the assembly of canonical SGs in both human and chicken cells. Overexpression of the chicken prion-related domain (cPRD) of cTIA-1 that bore an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag (pntGFP-cPRD) or Flag tag (pFlag-cPRD) induced the production of typical SGs. However, C-terminal GFP-tagged cPRD induced notably large cytoplasmic granules that were devoid of endogenous G3BP1 and remained stable when exposed to cycloheximide, indicating that these were not typical SGs, and that the pntGFP tag influences cPRD localization. Finally, endogenous cTIA-1 was recruited to SGs in chicken cells and tissues under environmental stress. Taken together, our study provide evidence that cTIA-1 has a role in canonical SG formation in chicken cells and tissues. Our results also indicate that cPRD is necessary for SG aggregation.
Components of normal serum block the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis factor activity in vitro.

BACKGROUND Sera from some patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) increase glomerular albumin permeability (P(alb)) in vitro. The hypothesis that a component of normal serum can protect the glomerular permeability barrier was tested using sera from FSGS patients, normal individuals, and several mammalian and avian species. METHODS In most experiments, isolated rat glomeruli were incubated in medium containing FSGS serum known to increase P(alb) in vitro, normal serum, or both active FSGS and normal serum. In other experiments, fractions of normal serum and serum from other vertebrate species were incubated with active FSGS serum. P(alb) was calculated from glomerular capillary expansion in response to an oncotic gradient. To enrich the blocking activity, normal pooled human plasma was subjected to various biochemical manipulations. RESULTS Normal human serum prevented the increase in P(alb) (active FSGS sera, 0.77 +/- 0.12; active FSGS sera:normal serum, 1:1 mix, 0.06 +/- 0.30, P < 0.001). Protection diminished as the concentration of normal serum was decreased. Specific fractions of human serum, including human albumin and immunoglobulin fractions, were not protective. Blocking activity was present in 80% ammonium sulfate precipitate and certain fractions from size-exclusion chromatography of normal pooled human plasma. Normal serum from each of the vertebrate species tested also prevented the increase in P(alb). Preincubation with normal serum was protective during subsequent incubation with FSGS serum, but normal serum was not protective after preincubation with FSGS serum. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a factor or factors in normal serum block the permeability effect of active FSGS sera. This phenomenon may account for variability in proteinuria among patients with FSGS and may explain inconsistent proteinuria following injection of FSGS sera into experimental animals. Characterization of the protective substance(s) and the mechanism by which the increase in permeability is blocked may provide insight into the pathogenesis of FSGS.
Surgical repair of a rupture of the pectoralis major muscle

Muscle rupture is rarely treated surgically. Few reports of good outcomes after muscular suture have been published. Usually, muscular lesions or partial ruptures heal with few side effects or result in total recovery. We report a case of an athlete who was treated surgically to repair a total muscular rupture in the pectoralis major muscle. After 6 months, the athlete returned to competitive practice. After a 2-year follow-up, the athlete still competes in skateboard championships.
Restatements and accounting quality: a comparison between IFRS and US-GAAP

Purpose This paper aims to examine whether sanctioning adoption of IFRS for US firms would produce accounting information of the same quality as those produced under US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This is a timely research since the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC; 2014) has asked for further review. Design/methodology/approach This study uses restatements of financial statements made by a sample of foreign firms listed on US stock exchanges using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in comparison to a control sample of US firms using US GAAP during the period of 2001to 2010. Statistical analysis of the frequency, sources and magnitude of the restatements and market revaluations to the announcement of the restatements are examined. Cross-country differences are also examined. Findings The results indicate that IFRS firms have a lower rate of restatements than US GAAP firms but with no significant differences in terms of sources of restatements and the impact on net income or shareholders’ equity. The market revaluations to restatement announcements show no significant differences between the two accounting regimes. Cross-sectional analyses indicate IFRS firms are on average from countries characterized by weak rule of law, ineffective corruption controls and lower efforts to promote private sector advancement. Research limitations/implications The sample size in the paper is relatively small. To increase validity of the inferences from the Results, this issue should be readdressed with larger sample. Practical implications Results are important to accounting practitioners and policymakers. Social implications Results are contributing in clarifying the SEC’s concerns of adopting the IFRS by US-based firms; thus, saving the investors the additional efforts and costs in comparing financial statements prepared under different accounting regimes. Originality/value This research is the first to use restatements as accounting quality criteria. The results suggest that adoption of IFRS by US-based firms would not produce accounting information that is significantly different in quality from those generated under US GAAP. This result should be of interest to the SEC in clarifying its concerns.
Job stability and the transition to adulthood

Adulthood has been traditionally viewed as a sequential acquisition of markers that signify maturity (Blatterer, 2007). A debate exists among researchers regarding the timing and significance of these markers of adulthood. Some researchers argue that young adults are choosing to delay entry into adulthood (Arnett, 2007), while others argue it is due to economic circumstances and the inability of young people to successfully transition into stable employment (Arnett, 2007). This research examined how job stability affects subsequent markers of adulthood, and provided information that will advance the debate regarding the nature of the transition to adulthood. Through secondary analysis of a U.S. based dataset, Add Health (the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health) this research utilized duration analysis to examine job stability among young people, and the relationship between job stability and marriage. The sample consisted of 6,504 participants ranging from age 25 to 34. The pattern of results that emerged in this study suggested that job stability among young people is a complex area of research that requires further exploration.