Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health Indexes and Retirement Modeling in International Comparisons

It is widely believed that health plays a major role in retirement decisions. The most important problem in including health in retirement models is the lack of availability of a good measure of health at the individual level in existing data sets. This problem is exacerbated when a model spanning multiple countries is desired, because self-reports on health may not be comparable across countries. Arguably, physical measures are less influenced by cultural and linguistic differences than self-reports on general health or even on health conditions. The authors develop a cross-country measurement model for health in which the relations between functional limitations, self-reports, and physical measures like grip strength are used to construct health indexes. Comparability across countries is achieved by using the physical measurements to define the measurement scales, and allowing other parameters to vary across countries to account for cultural and linguistic differences in response patterns. The usefulness of the health indexes is then investigated by including it in some simple retirement models.
Strategic Management Journal : a citations study

Highlights the distribution of various forms of publication, authorship trends, most frequently cited periodicals and geographical distribution of the literature in the area of strategic management. It is found that researchers use journals more frequently than other from of documents and authorship pattern concentrated mainly on single and joint authors in books where as in journals. The top ranking journals in the field of strategic management are Strategic Management Journal, Academy of Management Journal and Administrative Science Quarterly that represent 32% of the literature coverage. The results reveal the geographical distribution of core journals ofthis literature, which are mainly concentrated in the USA & UK. The methodology is based on the bibliometrics techniques of citation analysis, which are applied in all the articles published in the Strategic Management Journal for two consecutive years 2005 and 2006.
Does School Spending Matter? The New Literature on an Old Question

Social scientists have long sought to examine the causal impact of school spending on child outcomes. For a long time, the literature on this topic was largely descriptive so that it had been difficult to draw strong causal claims. However, there have been several recent studies in this space that employ larger data-sets and use quasi-experimental methods that allow for much more credible causal claims. Focusing on studies of students in the United States, this paper briefly discusses the older literature and highlights some of its limitations. It then describes a recent quasi-experimental literature on the impact of school spending on child outcomes, highlights some key papers, and presents a summary of the recent findings. Policy implications and areas for future research are discussed.
Management of Autoimmune Encephalitis: An Observational Monocentric Study of 38 Patients

Over the last years the clinical picture of autoimmune encephalitis has gained importance in neurology. The broad field of symptoms and syndromes poses a great challenge in diagnosis for clinicians. Early diagnosis and the initiation of the appropriate treatment is the most relevant step in the management of the patients. Over the last years advances in neuroimmunology have elucidated pathophysiological basis and improved treatment concepts. In this monocentric study we compare demographics, diagnostics, treatment options and outcomes with knowledge from literature. We present 38 patients suffering from autoimmune encephalitis. Antibodies were detected against NMDAR and LGI1 in seven patients, against GAD in 6 patients) one patient had coexisting antibodies against GABAA and GABAB), against CASPR2, IGLON5, YO, Glycine in 3 patients, against Ma-2 in 2 patients, against CV2 and AMPAR in 1 patient; two patients were diagnosed with hashimoto encephalitis with antibodies against TPO/TG. First, we compare baseline data of patients who were consecutively diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis from a retrospective view. Further, we discuss when to stop immunosuppressive therapy since how long treatment should be performed after clinical stabilization or an acute relapse is still a matter of debate. Our experiences are comparable with data from literature. However, in contrary to other experts in the field we stop treatment and monitor patients very closely after tumor removal and after rehabilitation from first attack.
Semi-Supervised Clustering with User Feedback

We present an approach to clustering based on the observa- tion that "it is easier to criticize than to construct. " Our approach of semi- supervised clustering allows a user to iteratively provide feedback to a clus- tering algorithm. The feedback is incorporated in the form of constraints, which the clustering algorithm attempts to satisfy on future iterations. These constraints allow the user to guide the clusterer toward clusterings of the data that the user finds more useful. We demonstrate semi-supervised clustering with a system that learns to cluster news stories from a Reuters data set. 1
Analysis of Assessment Data from Statistics Courses: Grade Distributions, Surface Learning and Threshold Concepts

This technical report presents statistical analysis of summative assessment data (mid-term tests and final exams) collected from business statistics modules. The analysis showed that grade distributions tend to have two modes which in turn, suggests that a large group of learners exercised surface learning strategies while a smaller group exercised deep learning strategies. The phenomenon persisted under different formats of assessment and module organisation, and across two institutions. The final part of the report summarises threshold concepts of statistics and quantitative analysis, as taught in business schools. The concepts were classified as basic, disciplinary and procedural. The classification helped to understand that the volume of procedural knowledge to be learned in statistics prevents from in-depth learning and passage through ‘a portal’ of disciplinary threshold concepts. A forced experiment to run a short course in statistics only reinforced the conclusion and posed irresolvable challenge because short courses and assessment cycles stimulate surface learning. Indicative topic outlines that were developed through several iterations for both, long (one term) and short (half-term) introductory modules in statistics are presented in Appendices.
The logic of variation : A cross-linguistic account of wh-question formation

Generative linguists and categorial grammarians aim to develop a system of Universal Grammar to explain structural variation across languages while at the same time accounting for uniformity in interpretation. The generative tradition has provided a broad empirical perspective on cross-linguistic diversity. The type-logical tradition provides logical tools to understand this diversity in deductive terms. This dissertation aims to establish a two-way communication between these two perspectives. This book presents the logic of variation as a system of universal grammar. Its central claim is that the combination of structural variation and uniform semantic interpretation in wh-question formation can be accounted for in terms of three assumptions: (1) Higher-order type assignment: higher-order type assignment to wh-elements accounts for the uniformity in the semantic interpretation of wh-questions; (2) A fixed structural module: variation in the structural realization is bounded by a restricted set of structural rules which is claimed to be fixed by Universal Grammar; consequently, (3) Strong lexicalism: cross-linguistic variation in wh-question formation must be entirely reducible to differences in lexical type-assignment, that is, there are no languagespecific structural rules. Empirical support for this view is provided for by presenting a broad cross-linguistic analysis of languages that structurally differ in wh-question formation. This study will be relevant to linguists in the generative tradition and mathematical linguists who are concerned with the formal system of natural language variation and the syntax-semantics interface. The various grammar fragments discussed in the thesis have been implemented with Grail, Richard Moot's parser for categorial type logics. (The CD-rom accompanying the printed edition of this thesis allows the reader to further explore the fragments which are discussed and/or to formulate alternative analyses.)
Awareness And Utilization Of The Ohio Automated Rx Reporting System By Physician Assistants

Chronic pain has become a public health epidemic. As pain complaints increase, so does the potential for drug abuse/misuse. Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are active in 49 of the 50 states to assist providers in recognizing drug abuse/misuse. There is no clear standardization of who utilizes the PDMP and how. Little is still known about the ways PDMP results are incorporated into clinical decision making, what barriers exist, and how providers may or may not alter their prescribing plans based on the results. Laws surrounding prescribing practices and use of the Ohio Automated Rx Reporting System (OARRS) are constantly updated. Existing literature was reviewed regarding state PDMPs, OARRS, Ohio Revised Code, limitations of PDMPs, and physician assistants (PAs) role in using the OARRS. Current literature shows underutilization and lack of awareness of the OARRS by PAs. Quantitative data was collected using a twenty-six question electronic survey distributed to PAs actively licensed to practice in the State of Ohio as of February 25, 2014 (n= 2563) with a rate of return of 15.6%. Results showed 73.80% of PAs indicated that they were currently enrolled in OARRS and 26.20% indicated they were not enrolled. Of the PAs enrolled in OARRS, 71.87% responded that they do utilize the OARRS and of those enrolled, 74.04% report an average use of at least once per week. Routines for enrolling, accessing, and responding to OARRS results vary widely. As iv controlled substance prescribing and use of OARRS increases, it is important to understand what approaches are most effective for identifying and addressing enrollment and utilization of the OARRS. Future trends for OARRS education on increasing enrollment and utilization of OARRS are described.
Computer Addiction Pb: A Study Of Computer Dependency

Original motivations initial investigations - does computer dependency exist? an overview of the methods used analysis of demographic data - who is computer dependent? sex differences in computer use and dependency - why were there so few females in the sample? computing activities - the nature of the phenomenon computing and other leisure activities - was computing an isolated activity? social and psychological influences - what might have led to the development of computer dependency? different types of computer dependency the effects of computer dependency - the advantages and disadvantages to the individual and others discussion of the findings - should computer dependency be considered a serious problem?
Improved singular value decomposition by using neural networks

In this paper dedicated parallel processing techniques based on neural networks for iterative computation of singular value decomposition (SVD) in a real-time signal processing environment is explored. Recently proposed linear neuron multilayer feedforward networks for SVD are investigated in relation to well-known existing numerical SVD techniques. A new modified feedforward neural architecture with fewer feedforward neuron layers is presented which is found to be more suitable for the SVD of ill-conditioned matrices compared to Cichocki's networks. Also, we have introduced an appropriate method for evaluating different neural SVD architectures based on their numerical stability.
Intergenerational Trauma and Aboriginal women: Implications for Mental Health during Pregnancy

Intergenerational trauma explains why populations subjected to long-term and mass trauma show a higher prevalence of disease, even several generations after the original events. Residential schools and other legacies of colonization continue to impact Aboriginal populations, who have higher rates of mental health concerns. Poor maternal mental health during pregnancy can have serious health consequences for the mother, the baby, and the whole family; these include impacting the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of children and youth. This paper has the following objectives: to define intergenerational trauma and contextualize it in understanding the mental health of pregnant and parenting Aboriginal women; to summarize individual-level and population-level approaches to promoting mental health and examine their congruence with the needs of Aboriginal populations; and to discuss the importance of targeting intergenerational trauma in both individual-level and population-level interventions for pregnant Aboriginal women. Various scholars have suggested that healing from intergenerational trauma is best achieved through a combination of mainstream psychotherapies and culturally-entrenched healing practices, conducted in culturally safe settings. Pregnancy has been argued to be a particularly meaningful intervention point to break the cycle of intergenerational trauma transmission. Given the importance of pregnant women’s mental health to both maternal and child health outcomes, including mental health trajectories for children and youth, it is clear that interventions, programs, and services for pregnant Aboriginal women need to be designed to explicitly facilitate healing from intergenerational trauma. In this regard, further empirical research on intergenerational trauma and on healing are warranted, to permit an evidence-based approach.
The prevalence of caries and tooth wear in cleft children aged between 6 months and 6 years in the West of Scotland.

Aim: To compare the prevalence of caries and tooth wear in the primary teeth of children with clefts with comparable national data and to determine whether there is an association between the occurrence of a cleft and socioeconomic deprivation in the West of Scotland. Method: Ethical approval was granted from the West of Scotland Ethics Committee and the local Research and Development Office. Children attending the Oral Orthopaedic Prevention Clinic at Glasgow Dental Hospital and School were examined for caries according to British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) criteria (Pitts et al., 1997) by two trained and calibrated examiners (KB and RW). A copy of the data collection criteria is appended (Appendix 1). Subjects were divided into five age groups: 0.5 – 1.49, 1.5 – 2.49, 2.5 – 3.49, 3.5 – 4.49 and 4.5 – 6.0 years. Mean dmft scores were compared to available national data (NDIP, 2008) for nursery and 5-year-old children in Scotland. Tooth wear scores for each age group were compared to available national data for the same age groups. Results: Two hundred and nine subjects were examined: 45.9% were female, 54.1% male. Twenty-one (10%) had a recognised syndrome and were reported separately, leaving 188 subjects in the main study. Cleft Palate (CP) was the most commonly occurring cleft in both syndromic and non-syndromic groups, followed in decreasing numbers by UCLP, BCLP, UCL and BCL. The only age group of cleft children with a significantly higher level of caries than the general population was the 4.5 – 6.0 year-olds. Only 37.2% of the cleft subjects in this age group were caries free compared to the national figure of 57.7%. The mean dmft for the cleft group was 3.24 compared to 1.86 nationally. The other age groups had similar dmft and percentages of subjects caries free compared to the national data. The differences did not reach significance. All the age groups in this study exhibited more tooth wear than their non-cleft peers. When looking specifically at wear extending into dentine, both the 1.5 – 2.49 and 3.5 – 4.49 age groups had significantly more wear when compared to the national data (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: By the age of 4.5 years, cleft children in the West of Scotland have significantly more caries than their non-cleft peers. Children with a cleft aged 1.5 – 2.49 and 3.5 – 4.49 exhibit significantly more tooth wear into dentine on the upper primary incisors than their non-cleft peers.
Dependable and Secure Distributed Data Storage in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a type of computing that provides simple,on-demand access to pools of highly elastic computing resources.These resources are provided as a service over a network(often the Internet), and are now possible due to a seriesof innovations across computing technologies, operations, andbusiness models. Cloud enables the consumersof the technologyto think of computing as effectively limitless, of minimalcost, and reliable, as well as not be concerned about how it isconstructed, how it works, who operates it, or where it is located.Cloud computing is a style of computing where computing resourcesand are easy to obtain and access, simple to use, cheap,and just work.Cloud data user does not possess direct control of his data, security is one of the few challenging issues which need to be addressed. Security in Cloud Computing can be addressed in many ways viz. authentication,integrity or correctness, confidentiality and data error localization. Data integrity or correctness is an issue where there may be some unauthorized alteration in the data without consent of the data owner. To prevent data access from unauthorized access, it proposes a distributed scheme to provide security of the data in cloud. This could be achieved by using homomorphism token with distributed verification of erasure-coded data. Proposed scheme perfectly stores the data and identifies the any tamper at the cloud server and also performs some operations like data updating, deleting and appending. The proposed design allows users to audit the cloud storage with very lightweight communication and computation cost. KeywordsCloud computing,Data integrity, Cloudservice provider (CSP), Homomorphic encryption and Dynamic operations.
INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY TUMORS OF THE PANCREAS

Purpose: To evaluate MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) findings of intraductal papillary tumors of the pancreas and correlate them with histopathology. Material and Methods: Seventeen patients with intraductal papillary tumor of the pancreas underwent MRCP before surgery. MRCP findings were correlated to histopathology with regard to the presence of septa and excrescent nodules in the cystic lesion, communication between the cystic lesion and the main pancreatic duct (MPD), degree of dilatation of MPD, and dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD). Results: MRCP demonstrated septa in 17 cases (100%), excrescent nodules in 8 cases (47.1%), communication between the intraductal papillary tumor and the MPD in 14 cases (82.3%), dilatation of MPD over 50% in 6 cases (35.3%), and dilatation of CBD in 3 cases (17.6%). These findings showed excellent correlation with histopathology. The septum on MRCP corresponded with a layer of connective tissue with pancreatic duct epithelium. Excrescent nodules in the carcinomas consisted not only of malignant cells, but also of dysplasia and adenoma. Excrescent nodules in adenomas were consistent not only with minimal papillary growth of adenoma, but also with proliferation of fibrosis, and hematoma and organized fibrin with minimal fibrosis. Pancreatic tissue was affected by chronic pancreatitis in all cases. Cases with dilatation of CBD on MRCP were due to microscopic invasion by the carcinoma. Conclusion: MRCP appearances of intraductal papillary tumors are well correlated with the findings at histopathology.
Impact Of IEC Intervention On Knowledge Regarding AIDS Amongst Senior Secondary School Children Of East Delhi

Research questions: 1. What is the level of awareness regarding HIV/AIDS amongst school children in East Delhi? 2. What is the impact of IEC intervention on the level of awareness regarding HIV/AIDS in these children? Objective: To find out the impact of IEC intervention on awareness regarding HIV/AIDS amongst senior secondary boys and girls in schools of East Delhi. Study design: Pre and post IEC interventional study. Settings: In four randomly selected senior secondary schools in East Delhi. Participants: 294 boys and 333 girls of class XI and XII in pre IEC group and 239 boys and 203 girls in post IEC group. Intervention: An IEC package of exhibition of posters, videotapes and intra group open discussion. Outcome variables: Proportion (prevalence) of school children having correct knowledge of various aspects of HIV/AIDS after IEC intervention. Statistical analysis: Chi-square test. Results: IEC intervention significantly generated an enhancing effect on most aspects of their awareness towards HIV/AIDS among both boys and girls. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to impart health education for dispelling misconceptions regarding this disease.
THE IMPACT OF AGE AND SEX IN THE PATTERN OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the primary cause of death in the world. Over the last threedecades, invasive procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneouscoronary interventions (PCI) have resulted in significant improvements in survival and quality oflife for patients. Besides traditional modifiable risk factors, it has been proved that some fixed, nonmodifiablefactors contribute in the behaviour of coronary involvement. To see whether the age andsex as a coronary risk factor contribute this differential coronary involvement, we conducted thisstudy.Objective: To determine the frequency of coronary artery disease (CAD) as it varies with age andgender.Methods: It is a descriptive study carried out at NICVD Karachi. All the subjects were adults withprevious history of ischemic heart disease and recommended coronary angiography based onhistory and non-invasive tests.Results: There were 79.6% male patients and the mean age was 52 years (ranged from 28 to 85year). In 80% of patient femoral artery access was used for performing the procedure. Rightcoronary artery was found dominant in 73% angiograms.Left anterior descending artery was the most frequently involved artery(73.6%) among majorcoronary arteries and obtuse marginal was most frequently involved (20.4%) branche artery.Ramus intermedius was found diseased in 4.2%. The frequency of involvement of Left Main arteryand distal segments of major coronary arteries was increased with advancing age but there was nosignificant association between age and sex and involvement of other coronary arteries.Conclusion: In conclusion males have a higher recorded rate of coronary angiography and singlevessel disease is the most common finding. Females and ages above 80 and below 40 had lowincidence of angiographic events.