Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from commercial broiler flocks on the Delmarva peninsula.

The growth and biological characteristics of isolates of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) from commercial broiler chickens in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S.A. appear to be identical to those previously reported in the literature. The clinical disease and lesions are also similar to those reported from other poultry growing regions including South Africa and Europe. The diagnostic cases included in this report were often associated with known respiratory pathogens, namely, lentogenic Newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus, and Escherichia coli bacteria. The role of ORT in the disease cases presented in this report is unclear.
Mitochondria take center stage in aging and neurodegeneration

A critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage has been hypothesized in both aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Much of the evidence has been correlative, but recent evidence has shown that the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations accelerates normal aging, leads to oxidative damage to nuclear DNA, and impairs gene transcription. Furthermore, overexpression of the antioxidant enzyme catalase in mitochondria increases murine life span. There is strong evidence from genetics and transgenic mouse models that mitochondrial dysfunction results in neurodegeneration and may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and cerebellar degenerations. Therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in these diseases therefore have great promise. Ann Neurol 2005;58:495–505
Cellular VPS4 Is Required for Efficient Entry and Egress of Budded Virions of Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus

ABSTRACT Membrane budding is essential for the egress of many enveloped viruses, and this process shares similarities with the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In eukaryotic cells, the budding of intraluminal vesicles (IVLs) is mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery and some viruses require ESCRT machinery components or functions to bud from host cells. Baculoviruses, such as Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), enter host cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Viral DNA replication and nucleocapsid assembly occur within the nucleus. Some progeny nucleocapsids are subsequently trafficked to, and bud from, the plasma membrane, forming budded virions (BV). To determine whether the host ESCRT machinery is important or necessary for AcMNPV replication, we cloned a cDNA of Spodoptera frugiperda VPS4, a key regulator for disassembly and recycling of ESCRT III. We then examined viral infection and budding in the presence of wild-type (WT) or dominant negative (DN) forms of VPS4. First, we used a viral complementation system, in combination with fluorescent tags, to examine the effects of transiently expressed WT or DN VPS4 on viral entry. We found that dominant negative VPS4 substantially inhibited virus entry. Entering virus was observed within aberrant compartments containing the DN VPS4 protein. We next used recombinant bacmids expressing WT or DN VPS4 proteins to examine virus egress. We found that production of infectious AcMNPV BV was substantially reduced by expression of DN VPS4 but not by WT VPS4. Together, these results indicate that a functional VPS4 is necessary for efficient AcMNPV BV entry into, and egress from, insect cells.
Anthracobic Acids A and B, Two Polyketides, Produced by an Endophytic Fungus Anthracobia sp.

Two new polyketides, anthracobic acids A and B (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from a cultured endophytic fungus, Anthracobia sp. The NMR study revealed that both anthracobic acids contain a carboxylic acid conjugated tetraene attached to an octahydronaphthalene moiety. Both compounds showed antimicrobial activity.
Advances in Brief Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Immunity with Heat Shock Protein 70 Induced by 15-Deoxy-D 12 , 14-prostaglandin J 2 in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate Cells 1

The biological modifier D-prostaglandin J2 and related prostaglandins have been reported to have significant growth-inhibitory activity with induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps). Tumor-derived Hsps have been shown previously to elicit specific immunity to tumors from which they are isolated. In this study, 15-deoxy-D-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2)induced Hsp70 was purified from transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate cells (TRAMP-C2). It was then tested for its ability to activate specific CTLs and induce protective immunity against prostate cancer in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment of cells with 8.0mM 15d-PGJ2 for 24 h caused significant induction of Hsp70 expression. The yield of Hsp70 purified from 15dPGJ2-treated cells was 4–5-fold higher when compared with untreated TRAMP-C2 cells. Vaccination of mice with Hsps isolated from TRAMP-C2 cells elicited tumor-specific CTLs and prevented the growth of TRAMP-C2 tumors. These results indicate that the induced heat shock proteins may have promising applications for antitumor, T-cell immunotherapy. In particular, these findings have important implications for the development of novel anticancer therapies aimed at promoting an immune response to prostate tumors.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF TEAT IN SURTI GOATS

The present study was conducted on twenty clinically healthy adult surti goats weighing 15 to 20 kg, free from clinical and sub-clinical mastitis or teat injuries. Teats were examined by ultrasonography (USG) with 7.5 -10 MHz linear transducer using direct contact and water bath techniques. Ultrasonographically, parenchyma, lobes, major duct, gland cistern, teat cistern, teat/streak canal were visualized. Measurement of the structures i.e. teat end width (TEW), teat canal length (TCL), teat cistern width (TCW) and teat wall thickness (TWT) were also recorded using in build caliper in USG machine. The mean ± SE measurements of TEW, TCL, TCW and TWT in lactating goats were 1.34± 0.07, 1.74± 0.13, 0.38± 0.04 and 0.55± 0.02 cms, respectively, whereas the corresponding mean ± SE values in non lactating goats were 1.02± 0.03, 1.06± 0.06, 0.24± 0.01 and 0.46± 0.02 cms.
PULMONARY RESPONSES TO INHALED POORLY SOLUBLE PARTICULATE IN THE HUMAN

This review focuses on the human pulmonary effects of talc, carbon black, coal dust, diesel exhaust, and titanium dioxide as examples of poorly soluble, nonfibrous particles (PSPs). Other particulates with similar characteristics (e.g., iron oxide) are included when considering the question of whether there is a characteristic human response to this class of compounds. The overall objective is to characterize the responses to these compounds using information from epidemiology, pathology, and cell biology so that comparisons with animal responses can be made. Exposure to PSPs is associated with two broad classes of disease in the human: pneumoconiosis and chronic obstructive lung disease. The basic pathologic features and pathogenesis of the different lesions associated with exposure to PSPs are described. This is followed by a review of the evidence linking exposure to coal, carbon black, diesel exhaust, talc, and titanium dioxide with these diseases. With the exception of diesel exhaust, which contains genotoxic constituents, PSPs have not been definitely linked to human lung cancer. Some questions relevant to this review are: 1. How does the human lung respond to PSPs? Specifically, (a) what are the morphologic features, and (b) what is their pathogenesis? 2. Is there evidence for clearance overload in the human, and if so, what are the characteristics of the associated tissue response? 3. Are PSPs associated with lung cancer in the human? 4. What are the major similarities and differences between human and rodent lung cancers? 5. Do inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, and fibrosis play a role in the development of human lung cancer?
A sustainability index for karst environments.

3 Abstract: With growing populations and ever increasing pressure on resources, the need to live sustainably with our environment has increased in significance. When considering such anthropogenic pressures, karst landscapes are as vulnerable, if not more so, than any other environment. Such vulnerability arises from the rapid transit times of percolating water, the poor filtering ability of carbonate bedrock, and the highly specialized biota of subterranean karst. The Karst Sustainability Index (KSI) was created as a standardized metric of sustainable development practices in karst settings. The KSI uses predetermined targets to ascertain the overall sustainability of a karst region. Indicators are designed to incorporate common measures of sustainability for the three domains of social, environmental, and economic resource use. Benchmarking the current state of karst environments allows the comparison of sustainability practices temporally and spatially to highlight areas where remedial policies or actions are needed. This is the first index to incorporate the emerging field of environmental sustainability with karst landscape assessment. To test the applicability of the KSI, a study was undertaken in the Tampa Bay Metropolitan Area, which encompasses four counties that are entirely karst. The TBMA was found to be progressing towards the sustainable management of karst resources, and the KSI provided a robust measure of sustainability.
A novel viewpoint of proton decay

In this paper, we update the standard model [Formula: see text] operators of Weinberg (1979) using a modified notation which accommodates the bilepton extension of the standard model. This may lead to an enhancement of the proton lifetime by orders of magnitude due to mixing first-family with third-family quarks. By contrast, [Formula: see text] operators which can provide Majorana neutrino masses retain the family structure of their counterparts in the standard model.
Long-term clinical effects of a peritoneal dialysis fluid with less glucose degradation products.

BACKGROUND Glucose degradation products (GDPs) are cytotoxic in vitro and potentially toxic in vivo during peritoneal dialysis (PD). We are presenting the results of a two-year randomized clinical trial of a new PD fluid, produced in a two-compartment bag and designed to minimize heat-induced glucose degradation while producing a near neutral pH. The effects of the new fluid over two years of treatment on membrane transport characteristics, ultrafiltration (UF) capacity, and effluent markers of peritoneal membrane integrity were investigated and compared with those obtained during treatment with a standard solution. DESIGN A two-group parallel design with 80 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients was used. The patients were randomly assigned to either the new fluid (N = 40) or to a conventional one (N = 40), and were stratified with respect to age, diabetes, and time on PD. Peritoneal transport characteristics were assessed by the Personal Dialysis Capacity (PDCtrade mark) test at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after inclusion and by weighing the overnight bag daily. Infusion pain and handling were evaluated using a questionnaire. Peritoneal mesothelial and interstitial integrity were evaluated by analyzing overnight effluent dialysate concentrations of CA 125, hyaluronan (HA), procollagen-1-C-terminal peptide (PICP), and procollagen-3-N-terminal peptide (PIIINP) at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS The handling of the new two-compartment bag was considered easy, and there were no indications of increased discomfort with the new system. Furthermore, no changes in peritoneal fluid or solute transport characteristics were observed during the study period for either fluid, and neither were there any differences with regard to peritonitis incidence. However, significantly higher dialysate CA 125 (73 +/- 41 vs. 25 +/- 18 U/mL), PICP (387 +/- 163 vs. 244 +/- 81 ng/mL), and PIIINP (50 +/- 24 vs. 29 +/- 13 ng/mL) and significantly lower concentrations of HA (395 +/- 185 vs. 530 +/- 298 ng/mL) were observed in the overnight effluent during treatment with the new fluid. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the new fluid with a higher pH and less GDPs is safe and easy to use and has no negative effects on either the frequency of peritonitis or peritoneal transport characteristics as compared with conventional ones. Our results indicate that the new solution causes less mesothelial and interstitial damage than conventional ones; that is, it may be considered more biocompatible than a number of conventional PD solutions currently in use.
Site-selective differences in cytochrome P450 isoform activities. Comparison of expression in rat and rhesus monkey lung and induction in rats.

The distribution of pulmonary cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) isoforms has been investigated primarily in immunohistochemical studies, which are neither quantitative nor reflective of the functions of these enzymes. Studies of enzyme activities have been performed using whole-lung homogenates or isolated cells, but there is little information on the regioselective expression of P450 monooxygenases. The aims of this study were to compare the activities of P450 monooxygenases in different lung subcompartments in two commonly studied animal models, i.e. rats and monkeys, and to explore the possibility that inducing agents would result in activity up-regulation that is highly site-selective, using rats as a model. Microdissection techniques were used to separate the airways from blood vessels and lung parenchyma. In rats, CYP1A1 (ethoxyresorufin) and CYP2B (pentoxyresorufin) dealkylase activities were highest in the parenchyma, whereas CYP2E1 (p-nitrophenol) hydroxylase activity was highest in the airways. P450 reductase activities were similar in airways and parenchyma and were lower in trachea. In monkeys, no significant site-selective differences in CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 activities were found. In contrast, CYP2E1 activity was higher in the distal bronchioles and parenchyma than in the proximal airways. P450 reductase activities were similar in microsomes prepared from all subcompartments of monkey lung. Induction of rat CYP1A1 activity by beta-naphthoflavone (administered ip) was much greater in the airways and lung parenchyma ( approximately 30-fold) than in the liver ( approximately 10-fold) or trachea ( approximately 2.5-fold). Oral administration of phenobarbital or acetone increased CYP2B and CYP2E1 activities in rat liver but had no significant effect on P450 activities in subcompartments of rat lung. These findings support the conclusion that there are regiospecific and species-specific differences in the activities of P450 isoforms and that the inducibility of rat pulmonary P450s is dependent on the isoform and lung region.
Growing Experience with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplantation

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is rarely used as a bridge to lung transplantation (BTT) because of its associated morbidity and mortality. However, recent advancements in perfusion technology and critical care have revived interest in this application of ECMO. We retrospectively reviewed our utilization of ECMO as BTT and evaluated our early and midterm results. Nineteen patients were placed on ECMO with the intent to transplant of which 14 (74%) were successfully transplanted. Early and midterm survival of transplanted patients was 75% (1 year) and 63% (3 years), respectively, with the most favorable results observed in interstitial lung disease patients supported in the venovenous configuration. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–bridged transplant survival rates were equivalent to nonbridged recipients, but early morbidity and mortality are high and the failure to bridge to transplant is significant. Overall, successfully bridged patients can derive a tangible benefit, albeit with considerable consumption of resources.
The state of the art and future perspectives in systems of systems software architectures

Currently, software systems have become increasingly large and complex, often resulted by the integration of several operationally independent systems, resulting in a new class of systems: the Systems of Systems (SoS). In another perspective, software architectures play a major role in determining system quality, since they form the backbone of any successful software-intensive system. Attention given to the software architectures of SoS is also certainly fundamental to the success of such systems. However, it is observed that there is a lack of works that present a wide and, at the same time, a detailed panorama about how SoS architectures have been treated. In this scenario, the main contribution of this paper is to present the state of the art on software architectures of SoS, mainly regarding their development, representation, evaluation, and evolution. This work also contributes with future research topics on SoS architectures that should be still investigated. Besides that, we intend this paper opens new perspectives of research in the software architecture area, intending to contribute to the success of SoS.
Prognostic Significance of Molecular Analysis of Peritoneal Fluid for Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background Accurately distinguishing serosal invasion in patients with gastric cancer (GC) prior to surgery can be difficult. Molecular analysis of peritoneal fluid (MAPF) for free cancer cells with higher sensitivity than other methods; however, its prognostic value for GC remains controversial, precluding its application in clinical practice. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and other databases were systematically searched. Thirty-one studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and peritoneal recurrence-free survival (PRF). Results The current meta-analysis focused on patients with GC and negative cytological diagnoses. The results showed that positive MAPF status (MAPF+) led to poorer prognoses for OS (HR 2.59, 95% CI 1.99–3.37), DFS (HR 4.92, 95% CI 3.28–7.37) and PRF (HR 2.81, 95% CI 2.12–3.72) compared with negative MAPF status (MAPF-). Moreover, among the patients with GC who received curative treatment, the MAPF+ patients had poorer prognoses for OS (HR 3.27, 95% CI 2.49–4.29), DFS (HR 3.90, 95% CI 2.74–5.57) and PRF (HR 5.45, 95% CI 3.70–8.03). A meta-analysis of multivariate-adjusted HRs demonstrated that MAPF+ status was an independent prognostic factor for patients with GC who underwent curative treatment (OS: HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.47–3.28; PRF: HR 3.44, 95% CI 2.01–5.87). Using the identical target genes (CEA, CEA/CK20) as molecular markers, the patients with GC who were MAPF+ had significantly worse prognoses for OS (CEA: HR 3.03, 95% CI 2.29–4.01; CEA/CK20: HR 4.24, 95% CI 2.42–7.40), DFS (CEA: HR 3.99, 95% CI 2.24–7.12; CEA/CK20: HR 4.31, 95% CI 1.49–2.48) and PRF (CEA: HR 4.45, 95% CI 2.72–7.31; CEA/CK20: HR 6.46, 95% CI 3.62–11.55) than the patients who were MAPF-. Conclusion/Significance The above results demonstrate that MAPF could be a prognostic indicator for patients with GC who have a negative cytological diagnosis and/or are receiving curative treatment. MAPF could provide clinicians with additional prognostic information that could aid in developing individualized treatment plans prior to surgery. The widely used target genes CEA, CEA/CK20 were confirmed to be valuable MAPF markers for predicting the prognosis of GC.
The effects of dextro-amphetamine on behavioral deficits produced by sleep loss in humans.

Nineteen normal subjects were tested on a battery of psychological tests after 44 and 68 hours of sleep loss, with and without simultaneous administration of d-amphetamine. Ten mg of the drug were given at 44 hours and 15 mg at 68 hours. The results support the following conclusions. Sleep loss produces greater decrement in some performances than in others; measures of performance which reflect " lapses" seem to be more affected than measures which are relatively insensitive to lapses. d -Amphrtsmine returns only the least impaired performances to the non-sleep-deprived level; measures of performance sensitive to lapses still differ significantly from the non-sleep-deprived level.
Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and long‐term survival of the Strata® valve in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

Lundkvist B, Koskinen L‐OD, Birgander R, Eklund A, Malm J. Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and long‐term survival of the Strata® valve in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 124: 115–121. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Primary repair versus diversion in penetrating colon injuries

Al – Kindy Col Med J 2013; Vol. 9 No. 1 P:71 Abstract Back ground: In Iraq, after 2003 had more accidents of the shell, bullet and stab abdominal wounds, more over colon injuries. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the most appropriate management of penetrating colon injuries, comparing the primary repair with the diversion. Methods: Eighty patient series with shell, bullet and stab colonic injuries during 4.5 years period from June 2006-december 2010 at Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital. The study compared the use of primary repair versus diversion, analyzing variables such as sex, age, severity of injury and mortality rate. Results: there were total 80 patients ,62 (77.5%) male and 18(22.5%) female . male :female ratio 3.4:1. the most affected age group was 21-30 years. 47 patients 58.75% were shell injuries.28 patients 35% were bullet injuries. 5 patients 6.25% were stab wounds. 46 patients 57.5% managed by primary repair ,one of them 1.25% died, while diversion in34patients 42.5% different grades of colon injuries ,5 of them 6.25% died ,this was due to different factors such as multiple organ injuries and post operative complications. Conclusion: the primary repair is safe and effective regarding morbidity and mortality in the management of grade II, III penetrating colon injuries with minimal risk factors as compared to diversion.
Probable intrafamily transmission of a highly virulent CTX-M-3-producing Escherichia coli belonging to the emerging phylogenetic subgroup D2 O102-ST405 clone.

References 1 Novick RP. Autoinduction and signal transduction in the regulation of staphylococcal virulence. Mol Microbiol 2003; 48: 1429–49. 2 Kuroda M, Kuroda H, Oshima T et al. Two-component system VraSR positively modulates the regulation of cell-wall biosynthesis pathway in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 2003; 49: 807–21. 3 Meehl M, Herbert S, Gotz F et al. Interaction of the GraRS two-component system with the VraFG ABC transporter to support vancomycin-intermediate resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 2679–89. 4 Komatsuzawa H, Fujiwara T, Nishi H et al. The gate controlling cell wall synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 2004; 53: 1221–31. 5 Nishi H, Komatsuzawa H, Fujiwara T et al. Reduced content of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol in the cytoplasmic membrane affects susceptibility to moenomycin, as well as vancomycin, gentamicin, and antimicrobial peptides, in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 4800–7. 6 Berger-Bachi B, Rohrer S. Factors influencing methicillin resistance in staphylococci. Arch Microbiol 2002; 178: 165–71. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010 doi:10.1093/jac/dkq155 Advance publication 13 May 2010