Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manipulating the magnetic state of a carbon nanotube Josephson junction using the superconducting phase

The magnetic state of a quantum dot attached to superconducting leads is experimentally shown to be controlled by the superconducting phase difference across the dot. This is done by probing the relation between the Josephson current and the superconducting phase difference of a carbon nanotube junction whose Kondo energy and superconducting gap are of comparable size. It exhibits distinctively anharmonic behavior, revealing a phase mediated singlet to doublet transition. We obtain an excellent quantitative agreement with numerically exact quantum Monte Carlo calculations. This provides strong support that we indeed observed the finite temperature signatures of the phase controlled zero temperature level-crossing transition originating from strong local electronic correlations.
Impacts of Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Use on Travel Patterns

As a result of the phenomenal growth of the sharing economy in the travel industry, investigating its potential impacts on travelers and tourism destinations is of paramount importance. The goal of this study was to identify how the use of peer-to-peer accommodation leads to changes in travelers’ behavior. Based on two online surveys targeting travelers from the United States and Finland, it was identified that the social and economic appeals of peer-to-peer accommodation significantly affect expansion in destination selection, increase in travel frequency, length of stay, and range of activities participated in tourism destinations. Travelers’ desires for more meaningful social interactions with locals and unique experiences in authentic settings drive them to travel more often, stay longer, and participate in more activities. Also, the reduction in accommodation cost allows travelers to consider and select destinations, trips, and tourism activities that are otherwise cost-prohibitive. Implications for tourism planning and management are provided.
Gradient estimates and existence of mean curvature flow with transport term

In this paper we consider a hypersurface of the graph of the mean curvature flow with transport term. The existence of the mean curvature flow with transport term was proved by Liu, Sato and Tonegawa by using geometric measure theory techniques. We give a proof of the gradient estimates and the short time existence for the mean curvature flow with transport term by applying the backward heat kernel.
Gas-driven filter pressing in magmas: Insights into in-situ melt segregation from crystal mushes

Gas-driven filter pressing is the process of melt expulsion from a volatile-saturated crystal mush, induced by the buildup and subsequent release of gas pressure. Filter pressing is inferred to play a major role in magma fractionation at shallow depths (<10 km) by moving melt and gas relative to the solid, crystalline framework. However, the magmatic conditions at which this process operates remain poorly constrained. We present novel experimental data that illustrate how the crystal content of the mush affects the ability of gas-driven filter pressing to segregate melt. Hydrous haplogranite (2.1 wt% water in the melt) and dacite (4.2 wt% water in the melt) crystal mushes, with a wide range of crystallinities (34–80 vol% crystals), were investigated using in-situ, high-temperature (500–800 °C) synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy with high spatial (3 μm/pixel) and temporal resolution (∼8 s per three-dimensional data set). Our experimental results show that gas-driven filter pressing operates only below the maximum packing of bubbles and crystals (∼74 vol%). Above this threshold, the mush tends to fracture and gas escapes via fractures. Therefore, the efficiency of gas-driven filter pressing is promoted close to the percolation threshold and in situations where a mush inflates slowly relative to build-up of pressure and expulsion of melt. Such observations offer a likely explanation for the production of eruptible, crystal-poor magmas within Earth’s crust.
Emotional Intelligence and its Predictive Power in Iranian Foreign Language Learners' Language Achievement

The present study probes the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and foreign language learners' achievement in Iranian context. 111 High Intermediate language learners took part in this study. For the purpose of data collection, the researchers administered Bar-On questionnaire. The results show there is no relationship between total emotional intelligence and language achievement, but some of the main components of Emotional Intelligence, i.e. intrapersonal and general mood as well as some subcomponents of Emotional Intelligence, i.e. independence, self- assertion, and optimism have statistically meaningful relationship with language achievement at probability level of p<0.05 . Moreover, regression analyses demonstrate two of the main components of emotional intelligence, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences, can predict language achievement. The results also show emotional intelligence and age are positively correlated.
Lignocellulosic Composites Prepared Utilizing Aqueous Alkaline/Urea Solutions with Cold Temperatures

Lignocellulosic composites (LCs) were fabricated by partially dissolving cotton to create a matrix that was reinforced with osage orange wood (OOW) particles and/or blue agave fibers (AF). LCs were composed of 15–35% cotton matrix and 65–85% OWW/AF reinforcement. The matrix was produced by soaking cotton wool in a cold aqueous alkaline/urea solvent and was stirred for 15 minutes at 350 rpm to create a viscous gel. The gel was then reinforced with lignocellulosic components, mixed, and then pressed into a panel mold. LC panels were soaked in water to remove the aqueous solvent and then oven dried to obtain the final LC product. Several factors involved in the preparation of these LCs were examined including reaction temperatures (−5 to −15°C), matrix concentration (15–35% cotton), aqueous solvent volume (45–105 ml/panel), and the effectiveness of employing various aqueous solvent formulations. The mechanical properties of LCs were determined and reported. Conversion of the cotton into a suitable viscous gel was critical in order to obtain LCs that exhibited high mechanical properties. LCs with the highest mechanical properties were obtained when the cotton wools were subjected to a 4.6% LiOH/15% urea solvent at −12.5°C using an aqueous solvent volume of 60 ml/panel. Cotton wool subjected to excessive cold alkaline solvents volumes resulted in irreversible cellulose breakdown and a resultant LC that exhibited poor mechanical properties.
Numerical modelling of a piezo roof harvesting system: the right component selection

The present work focuses on a first study for a piezoelectric harvesting system, finalized to the obtaining of electrical energy from the kinetic energy of rainy precipitation, a renewable energy source not really considered until now. The system, after the realization, can be collocated on the roof of an house, configuring a “Piezo Roof Harvesting System”. After presenting a state of art of the harvesting systems from environmental energy, linked to vibrations, using piezoelectric structures, and of piezoelectric harvesting systems functioning with rain, the authors propose an analysis of the fundamental features of rainy precipitations for the definition of the harvesting system. Then, four key patterns for the realization of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system are discussed and analysed, arriving to the choice of a cantilever beam scheme, in which the piezoelectric material works in 31 mode. An electro-mechanical model for the simulation of performance of the unit for the energetic conversion, composed of three blocks, is proposed. The model is used for a simulation campaign to perform the final choice of the more suitable piezoelectric unit, available on the market, which will be adopted for the realization of the “Piezo Roof Harvesting System”.
CROP GROWTH IN EARLY SPRING AND RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY IN ALFALFA

The study was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, KP Agricultural University Peshawar. Fifteen alfalfa lines (M. sativa L.) were compared for crop growth rate (CGR), biomass yield and radiation use efficiency (RUE). The previous year experiment was defoliated on 13 th March 2006 at ground levels about 5 cm height. Fertilizer to the crop was applied every year in 1 st week of March to yield 30, 60, & 30 kg ha -1 N, P, & K, respectively after defoliation. Periodic samples were harvested from one meter row length at two locations and oven dried at 70 O C for about 36 h. Before samples, periodic leaf area index (LAI) was recorded with LI-2000 (LI-COR, USA) and subsequently light measurements were made using data logger (LI-1400, LI-COR, USA) and light sensors LI-190 and LI-191 (LI-COR, USA). The CGR showed variation in shapes and asymptotes for the different alfalfa lines which resulted differences in both fresh and dry matters yield at final sampling harvest. Alfalfa line Gramma-2 was the highest in dry matter yield (110 g m -2 ) followed by Flewish-pop (107 g m -2 ). Alfalfa line Pumha with 74 g m -2 was the lowest in dry matter yield. Differences were observed in LAI (p<0.05). High dry matter yield of alfalfa line Gramma-2 was due to higher LAI which was associated to highest leaf fraction (38%). Differences in RUE were also observed among the lines. Flewish-pop was the highest in RUE (0.20 g DM MJ -2 PAR absorbed), followed by Gramma-2 (0.18 g DM MJ -2 PAR absorbed). Mean CGR and RUE of the different lines showed association with dry matter yield of which the lateral one showed a strong association compared with the earlier one. We conclude that higher RUE than CGR is important for the line/variety to get quality fodder production.
Provisioning under the risk of starvation

Providing for altricial young can be risky. Fundamental to understanding the risks involved, along with their management, is the trade-off between current and future reproductive effort. Here we present a dynamic model ofprovisioning under an important source of risk: starvation. Given the choice of foraging or provisioning at each point in the provisioning period, we show that, when parents have a higher risk of running an energy deficit while foraging, offspring have a poorer chance of surviving to independence. Unexpectedly, our results also predict that, for low to moderate levels of such risk, surviving offspring are likely to show improved condition than if energy intake was more certain; by buffering themselves from the risk of starvation, parents put offspring at risk while ending up with more resources to invest in survivors. As the value of ensuring parental survival decreases, this effect becomes less pronounced and provisioning declines. Thus, a component of reproductive effort can decline with age or increase with longevity in response to a common source of biological risk. These results show that environmental variability can have effects on the evolution of provisioning for altricial young that do not follow from traditional life-history reasoning.
Investigating occupational well-being and leadership from a person-centred longitudinal approach: congruence of well-being and perceived leadership

The overall objective of this longitudinal study was to investigate the association between perceived leadership and employee well-being from a person-centred approach utilizing the principles of the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524; Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6, 307–324). First, we aimed to identify latent classes (i.e., subgroups) of employees that demonstrated similar mean levels of stability and change in occupational well-being (i.e., vigour and emotional exhaustion) across a mean time-lag of 14 months. Second, we ascertained whether employees in the latent well-being classes differed in their ratings of transformational, authentic, and abusive leadership behaviours across time. Self-report data were obtained from Finnish employees (N = 262, 88% women) working in a variety of municipal jobs. Using factor mixture modelling, four latent well-being classes were identified, indicating good (79%), low (10%), improving (8%), and deteriorating (3%) well-being. Congruence in both level and change of well-being and perceived leadership was found. That is, employees with better well-being across time reported more favourable leadership behaviours at both time points, and changes in employee well-being were reflected as changes in perceived leadership. The close relationship between perceived leadership and well-being is discussed from both a leader-centric (leadership as a resource) and a follower-centric (well-being as a resource) perspective.
Dinitrogen fixation in Kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil.

The quantification of symbiotic N 2 fixation by legumes is essential to determine their impact on N budgets. Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) are two promising pasture legumes for which such estimates are scarce. Dinitrogen fixation by 2- and 3-yr-old stands of these species was determined at two locations in Minnesota using the 15 N isotope dilution method. Species were evaluated for forage and N yields, the percent of N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa), and the amount of fixed N 2 at each of four harvests. The results for each parameter varied with location, legume species, and harvest, as demonstrated by a three-way interaction among these terms. Across environments, both species produced the greatest amount of forage, total N, and fixed N yields at the first harvest. The yields decreased with successive forage harvests at one location but stabilized at the other. The %Ndfa for Kura clover was stable across harvests and environments. The %Ndfa for birdsfoot trefoil varied during the season, with a peak at the end of the season. The yearly total forage, total N, and fixed N yields of Kura clover were stable across environments, and the total N and fixed N yields were greater than those of birdsfoot trefoil at one location. Overall, Kura clover fixed about 155 kg N ha -1 yr 1 , with a %Ndfa of 57; birdsfoot trefoil had amounts of fixed N2 that varied with locations (avg. of 145 kg N ha -1 yr -1 ), and it obtained about 62% of its herbage N from fixation.
Statistical novelty detection within the Yeongjong suspension bridge under environmental and operational variations

Structural health monitoring is concerned with estimating the current health state of a structure being monitored and aims to provide reliable information on the presence, location, and severity of damage. When the structure experiences damage, it causes changes in structural parameters such as stiffness reduction and consequently alters measured signals or features extracted from the measured signals. Therefore, damage diagnosis can often be performed by novelty detection, i.e., detecting the changes in the measured signals or the features by comparing the most recent data obtained from an unknown condition of the structure with the baseline data accumulated from its normal conditions. In reality, time-varying environmental and operational conditions such as temperature, wind, and traffic loading also induce changes in the measured signals or the features and consequently may produce false alarms. Therefore, to achieve successful novelty detection, it is necessary to distinguish the signal changes caused by abnormality from those caused by environmental and operational variations. This process is called data normalization. In this study, kernel principal component analysis is employed to perform data normalization and incorporated with a novelty index and generalized extreme value statistics for novelty detection. The proposed approach is applied to the field data obtained from the Yeongjong grand bridge in Korea and demonstrated to be a promising tool for detecting abnormality in the presence of environmental and operational variations.
Supervision of Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities by the Probation Service: Challenges and Problems

Background: Limited available evidence suggests that offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID) constitute a significant minority among probationers. Yet, little is known about how probation officers negotiate competing structural demands when supervising and managing this population. The author seeks to address this gap by focussing on the assessment proceedings by which probationers are evaluated in their criminogenic needs. It is envisaged that this will help to shed light on the decision-making by probation officers when engaging with probationers with ID. Method: This paper is based on qualitative methods. In total six semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with probation officers from the English North-West region. The data were analysed using the modified Grounded Theory approach. Findings: Three main themes emerged during the course of the analyses; revolving around the identification of probationers with ID, how ID is contextualised by probation officers during risk assessment activities, and role of ID in determining the outcomes of supervision. The data of this paper suggest that the proceedings used by the probation service to risk-assess and supervise offenders in the community promote positivist thought around culpability, intent and guilt. As a consequence, offenders with ID are at risk of being inaccurately assessed in their needs by the probation service, which increases the likelihood of this population being incorrectly managed and supervised. In conclusion, the assessment tools utilized by the probation service appear to favour measures of control and discipline over self-advocacy, thereby significantly increasing the risk for offenders with ID to be drawn into and processed through the criminal justice system.
Export Diversification and Economic Growth : Evidence from Cross-Country Analysis

The present paper investigates the export-growth relationship taking into account both diversification and nature of export composition. In a sample of sixty five countries for the period 1965-2005 the dynamic panel estimation reveals that export diversification and composition are important determinants of economic growth after controlling for the impacts of other variables like lagged growth, exports, investment, and infrastructure. Moreover, the relationship between export concentration and income is found to be nonlinear. These results hold even when the dataset is classified in four sub-panels based on export-economic growth relation establishing their robustness. It is also found that economic growth across countries increases with diversification of export up to a critical level of export concentration which is then reversed with increasing specialization leading to higher growth. These results on export-economic growth relationship have immense implications for growth. JEL Classification: F43, O57, H54
R Squared Measure of Stock Synchronicity

Stock market synchronicity is a new area of research in finance and economics literature. Morck at al (2000) are among the first to propose a model of stock market synchronous behaviour of emerging markets and suggested that R square values of emerging markets are higher than the developed economies. This study analyses stock market data of eight emerging economies and three developed nations, and finds evidence that R square values of emerging economies are higher than their counterparts. It is also found that higher inflation, country geographical size, low level of corporate governance mechanism and inflation causes the stock price to move in the same direction in observed emerging economies.
Investigating the Prospective Teachers’ Beliefs About Learning

The purpose of this research is to examine the learning-related beliefs of prospective teachers who continue their education at university. Within this overall purpose of the study the following questions were tried to be answered: 1) what level is the prospective teachers’ beliefs about traditional and constructivist (cognitive, social and radical) learning? 2) Do the traditional and constructivist beliefs of prospective teachers differentiate significantly according to their gender, class and branches? This study was conducted in survey model with 293 female and 174 male, a total of 467 prospective teachers at Dicle University in the academic year of 2014-2015. As data collection tool “Belief Scale towards Learning” developed by Bay et al. (2012) was used. As the results of the study, it was found that the prospective teachers had adopted more constructivist beliefs than traditional beliefs; there is no statistically significant difference between the beliefs of the prospective teachers about learning according to their gender; there is a significant difference according to their branch; it has been determined a significant difference between the beliefs about traditional, constructivist, radical and social constructivist learning according to the class variable. However, there was no significant difference between the prospective teachers’ cognitive learning beliefs according to class variables. Keywords: Beliefs, prospective teachers, learning
Prescribing pattern of acid suppressants in modern clinicalpractice - An analysis

The study was carried out in Gastroenterology Department of Sanjay Gandhi post Graduate Institute of Medical Science Lucknow, India. Data collection form was designed for both physicians and patients to know prescribing pattern of proton pump Inhibitors. A Total of 50 Physicians and 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Gastro esophageal reflux Disease (GERD) was the commonest indication for prescribing ASDs by Physicians. Step-Down therapy was preferred approach for prescribing AS Ds. Majority of Physicians prescribed AS Ds for 1-3 months. Omeprazole was the most commonly used PPIs in the treatment of Acid-peptic diseases. Maximum numbers of patients were suffered from Gaseous and bloating followed by abdominal pain and other symptoms. The most common occurrence of side effects with use of PPIs was Bowel change. Timing of PPIs administration and % of relief noticed with use of PPIs were reported. Percentage of cost addition (10%-30%) in the prescription due to acid-suppressants and patients satisfaction about cost of ASDs also included in this study.