Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and type distribution, and HPV‐associated cytological abnormalities in anal specimens from men infected with HIV who have sex with men

Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and typing using the PapilloCheck® test and cytological examination were carried out in anal samples collected from 67 men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have sex with men. Fifty (74.6%) patients had anal HPV infection, 46 (68.7%) had high‐risk (HR) HPV infection, and 38 (56.7%) had multiple infection involving 2–9 (median, 3) HPV types. The HPV types identified most frequently were HPV 44/55 (19.4%), HPV 53 (19.4%), HPV 16 (16.4%), HPV 39 (16.4%), and HPV 42 (14.9%). Thirty‐two of the 66 interpretable smears (48.5%) revealed cytological abnormalities: 9 (13.4%) atypical cells of undetermined significance, 20 (30.3%) low‐grade intraepithelial lesions, and 3 (4.5%) high‐grade intraepithelial lesions. Cytological abnormalities were associated significantly with HPV detection (P < 0.001), multiple HPV infection (P < 0.001), and increased number of HPV types (P < 0.001). The HPV types associated most frequently with cytological abnormalities were HPV 39 (28.1%), HPV 42 (28.1%), HPV 53 (28.1%), HPV 16 (25.0%), HPV 44/55 (25.0%), and HPV 59 (21.9%). HPV DNA detection as well as cytological abnormalities were associated neither with HIV RNA detection in plasma nor with CD4+ T‐cell count. Differences in age or in time since HIV acquisition were not observed in patients with or without cytological abnormalities. The present study confirms the high prevalence of anal HR‐HPV infection and cytological abnormalities in men infected with HIV who have sex with men. HPV testing and/or cytological analysis may be helpful in selecting the patients to be referred to proctological examination. J. Med. Virol. 82:592–596, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Red-Free Light for Measurement of Intraocular Pressure Using Goldmann Applanation Tonometer without Fluorescein

Purpose To evaluate the use of red-free light for the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) using a Goldmann applanation tonometer without fluorescein. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 500 eyes in 250 patients attending the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic at Suez Canal University Hospital. The IOP was measured using a Goldmann applanation tonometer mounted on a Haag-Streit slit-lamp. The measurements were performed first using red-free light without fluorescein. Then the measurements were repeated with cobalt blue light and topical fluorescein on the same eyes. Results The mean IOP was 15.23 ± 3.3 (SD) mm Hg using the red-free light without fluorescein, whereas it was 15.78 ± 3.7 (SD) mm Hg when measured using cobalt blue light after the application of fluorescein to the conjunctival sac. This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Measurement of IOP with a Goldmann applanationtonometer with red-free light and without the use of fluorescein is simple, saves time, and gives an accurate IOP measurement relative to the traditional measurement technique with cobalt blue light and topical fluorescein.
A signal-substrate match in the substrate-borne component of a multimodal courtship display

The environment can impose strong limitations on the efficacy of signal transmission. In particular, for vibratory communication, the signaling environment is often extremely heterogeneous at small scales. Nevertheless, natural selection is expected to select for signals well-suited for effective transmission. Here, we test for substrate-dependent signal efficacy in the wolf spider Schizocosa stridulans Stratton 1991. We first explore the transmission characteristics of this important signaling mo- dality by playing recorded substrate-borne signals through three different substrates (leaf litter, pine litter, and red clay) and measuring the propagated signal. We found that the substrate-borne signal of S. stridulans attenuates the least on leaf litter, the substrate upon which the species is naturally found. Next, by assessing mating success with artificially muted and non-muted males across different signaling substrates (leaf litter, pine litter, and sand), we explored the relationship between substrate-borne signaling and signaling substrate for mating success. We found that muted males were unsuccessful in obtaining copulations re- gardless of substrate, while mating success was dependent on the signaling substrate for non-muted males. For non-muted males, more males copulated on leaf litter than any other substrate. Taken together, these results confirm the importance of sub- strate-borne signaling in S. stridulans and suggest a match between signal properties and signal efficacy - leaf litter transmits the signal most effectively and males are most successful in obtaining copulations on leaf litter (Current Zoology 56 (3): 370-378, 2010).
Renal response to repetitive exposure to heme proteins: chronic injury induced by an acute insult.

BACKGROUND Renal diseases are conventionally classified into acute and chronic disorders. We questioned whether acute, reversible, renal insults may be induced to incite a chronic scarring process, employing as an acute insult the glycerol model of heme protein-induced renal injury. METHODS Rats were subjected to weekly injections of hypertonic glycerol for up to six months. Renal function was serially determined, and the effect of such insults on renal histology and renal expression of collagen and fibrogenic cytokines was assessed. RESULTS After the first injection of glycerol, which, expectedly, induced a prompt fall in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), subsequent injections encountered a remarkable renal resistance in that the fall in GFR was markedly blunted. This resistance to acute decline in renal function in rats subjected to repetitive injections of glycerol was accompanied by less necrosis and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells after such injections. The attenuation in the fall in GFR in response to repetitive exposure to glycerol-induced heme protein injury was maintained for up to six months. A progressive decline in GFR appeared after three months and was accompanied by histologic tubulointerstitial injury, the latter assessed at six months. These kidneys demonstrated up-regulation of collagen I, III, and IV in conjunction with increased expression of the oxidant-inducible, chemotactic cytokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and the oxidant-inducible, fibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). The exposure of the kidney to a single injection of hypertonic glycerol increased the expression of both cytokines some three to five days following this exposure, while the exposure of NRK 49F cells in culture to an iron-dependent model of oxidative stress also increased expression of TGF-beta1 and collagen mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that this nephrotoxic insult, repetitively administered, encounters a resistance in the kidney such that the expected fall in GFR does not occur. However, with time, such resistance is accompanied by a decrease in GFR, the latter associated with chronic tubulointerstitial disease. Thus, a long-term cost is exacted, either along with, or as a consequence of, such resistance. We suggest that chronic up-regulation of such oxidant-inducible genes such as TGF-beta1 and MCP-1 contributes to tubulointerstitial disease, and iron-mediated oxidative stress may directly induce TGF-beta1.
Corporate Risk Culture

We examine the formation and evolution of corporate risk culture, that is, the preferences toward risk and uncertainty shared by a firm’s leaders, as well as its effect on corporate policies. We document persistent commonality in risk attitudes inside firms, which arises through the selection of leaders with similar preferences and is rooted in the founders’ risk attitudes. Changes in corporate risk culture over time affect corporate investment policies, whereas cross-sectional differences in founders’ risk attitudes, that is, firms’ initial risk culture, contribute to differences across firms in persistent firm policies, such as research and development intensity.
La percepción que los corredores kenianos tienen de sus actividades entrenamiento

El presente estudio se enmarca dentro de la Teoria del RendimientoExperto. Esta teoria propone que para llegar a ser experto en undominio, un sujeto debe superar un periodo de adquisicion extensivo consistenteen miles de horas de practica intencionalmente disenada para mejorar.El presente estudio busco analizar las percepciones subjetivas de un grupode corredores kenianos de larga distancia sobre sus tareas de entrenamientopara lo cual cumplimentaron un cuestionario basado en una taxonomia deactividades de entrenamiento valoradas en cuatro dimensiones: Relevancia,Esfuerzo, Concentracion y Diversion. En este estudio participaron 27 corredoresde fondo kenianos divididos en tres grupos de niveles por su marca.El rango de edades de los participantes fue de 21 a 39 anos (M= 25,39; DT=3,82). Todos estos corredores eran especialistas de las pruebas de media maratony maraton. Fueron divididos en tres grupos de nivel de rendimientopor su marca: Medio, Alto y Muy Alto. Los resultados mostraron comolas dimensiones de Concentracion, Esfuerzo y Disfrute diferenciaron a loscorredores por su nivel, asimismo se manifesto el papel que las actividadesgrupales de entrenamiento tienen para estos corredores, lo que plantea lacuestion si los modelos de desarrollo de la excelencia desarrollados en enlos paises desarrollados sirven para explicar este fenomeno en los paises envias de desarrollo.
Otologic Effects of Topical Mitomycin C: Phase I-Evaluation of Ototoxicity

Hypothesis: To determine ototoxicity of topical mitomycin C when placed in the middle ear at varying concentrations. Background: Despite meticulous surgical technique and diligent postoperative care, some patients develop excessive scar and granulation tissue in the middle ear or mastoid cavity. Poor wound healing may result in infection, tympanic membrane perforation, or conductive hearing loss, which may necessitate further surgery. Use of topical mitomycin C in the ear may be beneficial in reducing scar and granulation tissue formation. This phase of the study was developed to determine the safety of topical mitomycin C in the rat model relative to ototoxicity. Methods: Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated with auditory brainstem response testing before and after treatments. Topical mitomycin C was injected in the middle ear of the right ear of eight animals. Varying concentrations of 0.125 to 0.5 mg/ml were used. Saline was injected in the left ear of each animal to serve as a control. Four separate animals were evaluated with placement of topical mitomycin C on Gelfoam into the middle ear. In two animals, Gelfoam was placed in the middle ear for 1 minute and then removed. In two animals, Gelfoam was placed in the middle ear and left in place. Auditory brainstem response testing was performed at 4 weeks and at 8 weeks. Results: Using a high concentration of mitomycin C (>0.25 mg/ml) resulted in ototoxicity, with an increase in the auditory brainstem response threshold at 4 weeks and at 8 weeks. At low concentrations (<0.20 mg/ml), no change in auditory brainstem response threshold was noted. Animals treated with Gelfoam soaked in mitomycin C showed no change in auditory brainstem response threshold. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that topical mitomycin C on Gelfoam applied in the middle ear appears safe when low concentrations are used, even in the rat, which has a higher susceptibility to gentamycin toxicity than humans. Higher concentrations may lead to ototoxicity based on changes in Wave V on auditory brainstem response. This treatment may prove to be an important option for patients suffering from chronic granulation tissue or scar tissue in the external or middle ear.
Micro Hand Gesture Recognition System Using Ultrasonic Active Sensing

In this paper, we propose a micro hand gesture recognition system and methods using ultrasonic active sensing. This system uses micro dynamic hand gestures for recognition to achieve human–computer interaction (HCI). The implemented system, called hand-ultrasonic gesture (HUG), consists of ultrasonic active sensing, pulsed radar signal processing, and time-sequence pattern recognition by machine learning. We adopt lower frequency (300 kHz) ultrasonic active sensing to obtain high resolution range-Doppler image features. Using high quality sequential range-Doppler features, we propose a state-transition-based hidden Markov model for gesture classification. This method achieves a recognition accuracy of nearly 90% by using symbolized range-Doppler features and significantly reduces the computational complexity and power consumption. Furthermore, to achieve higher classification accuracy, we utilize an end-to-end neural network model and obtain a recognition accuracy of 96.32%. In addition to offline analysis, a real-time prototype is released to verify our method’s potential for application in the real world.
'n Evaluering van die volumetermetode om aggregaatstabiliteit van 'n vertisol te kwantifiseer

Die 0–10 mm laag van twee proefpersele van 'n vertiese grond waarop graansorghum sonder enige bewerking met behoud van 'n stoppeldeklaag (GBS) en met die Stoppel verwyder (GBG), verbou is, is gemonster. Grond- koolstofinhoud was 1,82% en 1,15% onderskeidelik. Massas (120 g) van < 2 mm- en < 8 mm-fraksies is versadig en gedreineer by 'n reeks matrikspotensiale (ψm) vanaf –5 tot –40 kPa. Na elke ewewigsinstelling is die monsters in 'n volumeter geplaas en aan 'n reeks (5–1600) vertikale slae onderwerp waarna die volumes bepaal is. Bokant 1000 slae het monstervolumes konstant gebly. Die < 8 mm-fraksie van GBS-monsters het groter finale volumes (dit wil se minder aggregaatverval) gelewer as die < 2 mm-fraksie. By GBG was daar min of geen verskille tussen volumes nie. Dit dui op stabiele aggregaatvorming in die 2–8 mm-gebied vir die GBS-behandeling. Verder het GBS groter finale monstervolumes bereik as GBG. Met behulp van die volumeter kon dus aangetoon word dat die aanwesigheid van organiese materiaal aggrega.
Trimetazidine Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Promoting AMP-activated Protein Kinase–dependent Autophagic Flux

Abstract: Trimetazidine (TMZ), a metabolic agent, may protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Because of the critical role of autophagy in cardioprotection, we aimed to evaluate whether autophagy was involved in TMZ-induced protection during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to H/R injury, and they were divided into 7 groups: control, control+TMZ, control+chloroquine (Cq)/compound C (com C), H/R, H/R+TMZ, H/R+Cq/com C, and H/R+TMZ+Cq/com C. Autophagic flux was primarily assessed by Western blot and tandem fluorescent mRFP-GFP-LC3. Assays for MTS, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and lactate dehydrogenase release were performed to assess cell injury. Our results showed that TMZ pretreatment had a cardioprotective effect against H/R injury. The H/R+TMZ group had an increased ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I and increased autophagic flux (degradation of p62 and increases in autophagosomes and autolysosomes). TMZ also reduced apoptosis and enhanced cell survival while inducing autophagy. Correspondingly, autophagy inhibition with Cq blocked this protective effect. Furthermore, TMZ-induced enhancement of autophagy could be related to increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and decreased Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, which was abolished by an AMPK-specific inhibitor (com C). Our data provide evidence that TMZ pretreatment protects against H/R injury by promoting autophagic flux through the AMPK signaling pathway.
Semantic Familiarity, Relevance, and the Development of Deductive Reasoning

This study examined the developmental progression of deductive reasoning between Grades 6 and 12 and the role of semantic content relevance in the solution oftbe Wason selection task. A rating procedure was used to establish the degree of relevance between antecedent and consequent clauses of conditional (if . then . ) propositions. Results were consistent with the general position that formal deductive reasoning becomes available in adolescence and that relevant propositional content is not a sufficient condition for adequate deductive reasoning performance. High-relevant content enhanced level of performance for those having deductive reasoning competence, and lowrelevant content failed to support adequate performance. Findings are interpreted within the distinction between the use of the inference rule competence and the facilitation of relevant semantic content.
Could quality of life impact the prevalence of metabolic syndrome? Results from a population-based study of Swedish women: the Women's Health in the Lund Area Study.

BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome is regarded as an important risk factor for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome could be associated with impaired quality of life (QoL). METHODS The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) project covers 10,766 women born between December 2, 1935, and December 1, 1945, living in the Lund area, of Sweden by December 1, 1995. The primary objectives of this project were to survey perimenopausal women in this area and to evaluate their health status and lifestyles. We used the criteria for the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), which include three or more of five risk factors: central obesity, elevated serum triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and elevated blood pressure and fasting glucose. Analysis of most aspects of daily life and QoL according to the Gothenburg Quality of Life Instrument (GQL) was done. GQL refers to the WHO definition of health. RESULTS A total number of 6913 (64.2%) women with a mean age (56.1) years fulfilled the criteria for screening procedure in the WHILA study. A positive association between women with metabolic syndrome and the following aspects of quality of life were found: "Partnership," "free time," "memory," and being "appreciated outside home. " However, "economy," "health," "body image," and "fitness" had a negative association to the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION QoL is an important factor for metabolic syndrome. Apart from traditional biological factors, prevention of metabolic syndrome should also encompass QoL.
Reproductive success in reindeer males in a herd with varying sex ratio

In polygynous species, male reproductive success is often correlated with dominance status of individual males and sex ratio in the population. Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, is a polygynous species, and here we compared the variation in male reproductive success and dominance status during two successive years in a herd with a male:female sex ratio of 1:7 and 1:3. Copulations were recorded, together with data on male dominance hierarchy and size of mating groups. Male reproductive success was estimated by paternity analysis of calves using microsatellite DNA markers. The distribution of reproductive success among the males was highly skewed for both years with the most dominant male also being the most successful. The largest mating group was established in the herd with the least skew in sex ratio. In this herd some of the adult males present were less reproductively successful than some of the more subordinate younger males. Estimates of the mating group size of males, correcting for dominance status when more than one male is present in the groups, gave good prediction of individual males’ reproductive success.
Mantenimiento y preservación de hongos en agua destilada y aceite mineral

Mantener y conservar una coleccion de hongos es una tarea que demanda constante dedicacion y vigilancia. Requiere conocer las caracteristicas morfologicas, fisiologicas y bioquimicas de los hongos, asi como sus requerimientos en cuanto a los metodos de preser-vacion. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue evaluar la viabilidad, pureza y estabilidad morfologica macroscopica y microscopica de hongos levaduriformes y filamentosos, preservados en agua destilada y aceite mineral durante largos periodos de tiempo. Se escogieron al azar 411 hongos (170 levaduriformes y 241 filamentosos), todos ellos preservados por duplicado bajo capa de aceite mineral y agua por Castellani. Para la evaluacion de las levaduras se realizaron pruebas rapidas, bioquimicas y fisiologicas y para los hongos filamentosos pruebas bioquimicas y cultivos en lamina. El analisis estadistico se realizo utilizando medidas de tendencia central y analisis de varianza (ANOVA). De 170 levaduras, 100% se conservaron viables, puras y estables morfologicamente por los dos metodos de preservacion, durante un periodo de tiempo entre 2 – 48 anos. De 241 hongos filamentosos, 100% se conservaron puros y viables, mientras que 95,4% se mantuvieron estables morfologicamente, por ambos metodos usados, durante un periodo de tiempo entre 3 – 47 anos. No se encontra-ron diferencias estadisticamente significativas al comparar ambos metodos de conservacion. Los metodos de conservacion de agua por Castellani y capa de aceite mineral garantizan la preservacion adecuada de hongos levaduriformes y filamentosos durante largos periodos de tiempo, asegurando viabilidad, pureza y estabilidad morfologica.
Second messenger signaling for neuronal polarization: Cell mechanics‐dependent pattern formation

Neuronal polarization is a critical step in the neuronal morphogenesis. Despite the identification of several evolutionarily conserved factors for neural polarization, the exact mechanisms by which cells initiate and maintain polarity remain to be characterized. Here, we review the recent progress on the roles of second messengers, specifically the cyclic nucleotides and membrane‐associated phospholipids, in the initiation, propagation, and integration of polarization signals, and propose an inhibitor‐free model for neural polarization. The characteristic features of neuron polarization include the formation of single axon and multiple dendrites. These features involve chemical and mechanical mechanisms such as reaction‐diffusion and tug‐of‐war, by which second messengers can act in concert to initiate and stabilize the cellular asymmetry. Nevertheless, biochemical factors eliciting the long‐range inhibition remain ambiguous. Thus, we provide a simple, inhibitor‐free model that can incorporate known cytochemical and cytomechanical factors, and produce features of neuronal polarization in environments provided with minimized extracellular regulators. © 2014 The Authors Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 388–401, 2015