Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Celibacy, emigration, and genetic structure in small populations.

High rates of celibacy and emigration have been reported for many populations. This failure to mate is expected to increase random inbreeding by decreasing the effective population size. If celibates and emigrants are not a random sample of the population with respect to kinship, however, their failure to mate may decrease nonrandom inbreeding and compensate for the increase in random inbreeding. An algebraic model is developed which predicts the effect of nonrandom failure to mate on genotype distributions, and which can be used to compare that effect with those of consanguinity avoidance and random inbreeding. Data from a small French Caribbean population is used to demonstrate the use of the model. The results indicate that, with regard to maintaining genetic variability within populations, failure to reproduce may often be the most important aspect of mating structure. Two of the most basic assumptions underlying much of population genetics theory are random mating and infinite population size. While attempts to relax various aspects of these assumptions have been made, existing models are in many ways unrealistic representations of human populations. Ethnographic studies show that, with respect to kinship, human mating patterns are anything but random. These mating patterns may have consequences for rates of inbreeding and genetic drift, and thereby may influence genetic variability within and between populations. This has long been recognized, but the effects of observed mating patterns have not been adequately quantified. Recently, a model which can predict the effects of complex mating patterns on genotype distributions has been presented (Leslie, MacCluer and Dyke, 1978). That model and most other existing models of genetic structure assume universal mating, at least among those individuals who survive to mating age. Not all individuals in natural populations find mates, however. The object of this paper is to present a model which 1Support for this research was provided by PHS grants GMO-1748 and HD-071618. Funds for computer use were provided by the Pennsylvania State University and the State University of New York at Binghamton. 2Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, 13901. 3Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802. Human Biology , February 1980, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 115-130. ® Wayne State University Press, 1980 This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.102 on Sun, 31 Jul 2016 05:07:04 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 116 Paul W. Leslie , Bennett Dyke, and Warren T. Morrill shows how celibacy and emigration affect the level of heterozygosity, and which can be used in conjunction with the consanguinity avoidance model mentioned above.
Response Styles in Affect Ratings: Making a Mountain Out of a Molehill

Ratings of affect words are the most commonly used method to assess pleasant affect (PA) and unpleasant affect (UA). The reliance on self-reports would be problematic if affect ratings were heavily influenced by response styles. Several recent publications have indeed suggested (a) that the influence of response styles on affect ratings is pervasive, (b) that this influence can be controlled by variations of the response format using multitrait-multimethod models, and (c) the discriminant validity of PA and UA is spurious. In this article, we examined the evidence for these claims. We demonstrate that (a) response styles have a negligible effect on affect ratings, (b) multiple response formats produce the same results as a single response format, and (c) the discriminant validity of PA and UA is not a method artifact. Rather, evidence against discriminant validity is due to the use of inappropriate response formats that respondents interpreted as bipolar scales.
Lumped Modeling of Differentially Driven Symmetric Inductors for RF IC Design

This paper presents a lumped scalable model of integrated inductors for RF IC design. The model is validated up to 20 GHz by comparison with on-wafer measurements of both single-ended and differentially driven spirals covering 0.2- to 8.3-nH inductance values. Average errors on inductance, self-resonance frequency and quality factor are 2%, 5%, and 7%, respectively. High accuracy, full geometrical scalability and compactness promote the proposed model as a reliable time-saving design tool. As an example of model exploitation, an image-reject down-converter for 5-GHz wireless local area networks is presented. In this circuit differentially driven symmetric inductors are adopted to implement monolithic filters, which provide an image-rejection ratio as high as 56 dB
Missing Internet Traffic Reconstruction using Compressive Sampling

Missing traffic is a commonly problem in large-scale network. Because the traffic information is needed by network engineering task for network monitoring, there are several methods that recover the missing problem. In this paper, we proposed missing internet traffic reconstruction based on compressive sampling. The main contributions of this study are as follows: (i) explore the influence of the six missing patterns on the performance of the traffic matrix reconstruction algorithm; (ii) trace the link sensitivity; and (iii) detect the time sensitivity of the network. Using Abilene data, the simulation results show that compressive sampling can perform internet traffic monitoring such as reconstruction from missing traffic, finding link sensitivity, and detecting time sensitivity.
Factors associated with risk for unprotected receptive and insertive anal intercourse in men aged 40 and older who have sex with men

Abstract The frequency of HIV infection is increasing in men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 40 and older yet little is known about factors that influence their risky sexual behavior, such as sexual positioning. The goal of this study was to examine multi-level factors associated with unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) and unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI) in MSM aged 40 and older. A community-based sample of 802 self-identified MSM aged 40–94 years was recruited through targeted outreach from community venues (e.g., bars, social events) in South Florida and completed an anonymous pen-and-paper questionnaire. Logistic regression showed that younger age (i.e., aged 40–59; odds ratio [OR]=0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4, 0.9), HIV-positive status (OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.9, 4.0), drug use (OR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.7), a larger number of male sexual partners (OR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.3), and lower scores on internalized homonegativity (OR=0.9; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.0) were associated with higher risk for URAI. Younger age (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.6), HIV-positive status (OR=1.5; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.1), drug use (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 22.3), Viagra use (OR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.4), larger number of sexual partners (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.6, 2.9), and holding views more characterized by high optimism concerning the future (OR=1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.1) were associated with higher risk for UIAI. These results provide useful information that may guide the development of tailored prevention interventions to reduce the growing rates of HIV among MSM aged 40 and older.
The Link between the PDL1 Costimulatory Pathway and Th17 in Fetomaternal Tolerance

Fetomaternal tolerance has been shown to depend both on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and negative signals from the PD1–PDL1 costimulatory pathway. More recently, IL-17–producing T cells (Th17) have been recognized as a barrier in inducing tolerance in transplantation. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of PDL1-mediated regulation of fetomaternal tolerance using an alloantigen-specific CD4+ TCR transgenic mouse model system (ABM-tg mouse). PDL1 blockade led to an increase in embryo resorption and a reduction in litter size. This was associated with a decrease in Tregs, leading to a lower Treg/effector T cell ratio. Moreover, PDL1 blockade inhibited Ag-specific alloreactive T cell apoptosis and induced apoptosis of Tregs and a shift toward higher frequency of Th17 cells, breaking fetomaternal tolerance. These Th17 cells arose predominantly from CD4+Foxp3− cells, rather than from conversion of Tregs. Locally in the placenta, similar decrease in regulatory and apoptotic markers was observed by real-time PCR. Neutralization of IL-17 abrogated the anti-PDL1 effect on fetal survival rate and restored Treg numbers. Finally, the adoptive transfer of Tregs was also able to improve fetal survival in the setting of PDL1 blockade. This is to our knowledge the first report using an alloantigen-specific model that establishes a link between PDL1, Th17 cells, and fetomaternal tolerance.
Patterns of Experienced Aging with a Finnish Cohort

A cohort study of eighty-year old residents in Jyväskylä (pop. 66,000), central Finland, was carried out in 1990 as part of the EVERGREEN-project. A total of 262 persons born in 1910 were interviewed in the cohort study. The survey data produced a fairly accurate picture of the respondents' objective situation. In order to shed further light on how the respondents felt about growing old, tape recorded narrative stories were collected from a subsample of twenty persons (10 women and 10 men). The stories revealed the subjective meanings and evaluations attached by the individuals concerned to their own aging. Being members of the same culture and the same age cohort, they also shared the same way of perceiving themselves and the surrounding world. It became obvious that there existed some kind of boundary conditions for the experience of aging. The model of boundary conditions for the experience of aging was developed on the basis of the narratives.
Are alexithymia and depression distinct or overlapping constructs?: a study in a general population.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and depression in a general population sample (N = 1,888), as measured by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21), using factor analysis. The items of the TAS-20 and the BDI-21 loaded on separate factors with only a minor overlap concerning physical worries. However, in a subset of subjects, who were both alexithymic and depressed, loadings were highly overlapping. These findings suggest that alexithymia and depression may be highly associated. Another conclusion might be that psychometric properties of the TAS should be further developed to make differentiation between alexithymia and depression possible.
Neurotrophin‐3 stimulates neurogenetic proliferation via the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathway

The effects of neurotrophin‐3 (NT3) administered into the ventricular space of 13.5‐day‐old mouse embryos on neurogenesis in the developing cerebral cortex were examined. 5‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected into pregnant mice 3 hr after the NT3 administration to label the neural progenitor cells. NT3 increased the number of BrdU‐positive cells without altering their distribution. The increment in BrdU‐positive cells 24 hr after the BrdU injection was attributed to Pax6‐/BrdU‐positive cells (neural stem cells), which was followed by a significant elevation of the number of Tuj1‐/BrdU‐positive cells (neurons) 36 or 48 hr after the BrdU injection, suggesting that NT3 facilitated neurogenesis by acting in two sequential steps, i.e., causing proliferation of neural stem cells and generation of neurons from these progenitors. NT3 stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and ERK5 in the cortical progenitors, and the effects of NT3 on the increase in total BrdU‐positive cells and Pax6‐/BrdU‐positive cells were diminished by an MEK inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of MEK‐mediated ERK signal transduction in the NT3 actions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

OBJECTIVE To characterize and quantify the sleep complaints of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). METHODS The PSQI was applied to 30 patients with FM according to American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and to 30 healthy controls in individual sessions under similar conditions. RESULTS The median global PSQI scores were [median (25-75%)] 12.0 (10-16) and 3.0 (2.0-5.0) in patients with FM and controls, respectively (p < 0.001). All PSQI component scores except sleep medications were significantly higher in patients than controls. Sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction were the most frequent sleep difficulties experienced by patients with FM. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the PSQI is a useful instrument for characterizing and quantifying sleep disturbances in patients with FM.
Sprint running research speeds up: A first look at the mechanics of elite acceleration

The relationship between force and acceleration has been regarded as seminal since first identified by Isaac Newton. However, more than three centuries after Newton’s formulation of the force, mass, acceleration relationship (F = m·a), we have a limited understanding of the gait mechanics that determine how quickly we can accelerate ourselves. This topic has general relevance for scientific and engineering efforts in legged locomotion, and direct application in athletics. Yet, in contrast to other topics in the rich history of locomotion research (Hill, 1950; Muybridge, 1957; Gray, 1959), maximal, straight-line acceleration has received relatively little attention. Prior work has generally not met either of two basic challenges: first, acquiring ground reaction force data from multiple, sequential steps, and second, enrolling the athletic subjects who excel at this type of performance. In their recent contribution to the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Rabita et al. (2015) have met both challenges simultaneously. By contributing the first ground force data on elite sprinters during acceleration, their study complements and extends the understanding of running mechanics established largely under constant-velocity conditions.
The splenic injury outcomes trial: An American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multi-institutional study

BACKGROUND Delayed splenic hemorrhage after nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt splenic injury (BSI) is a feared complication, particularly in the outpatient setting. Significant resources, including angiography (ANGIO), are used in an effort to prevent delayed splenectomy (DS). No prospective, long-term data exist to determine the actual risk of splenectomy. The purposes of this trial were to ascertain the 180-day risk of splenectomy after 24 hours of NOM of BSI and to determine factors related to splenectomy. METHODS Eleven Level I trauma centers participated in this prospective observational study. Adult patients achieving 24 hours of NOM of their BSI were eligible. Patients were followed up for 180 days. Demographic, physiologic, radiographic, injury-related information, and spleen-related interventions were recorded. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine factors associated with DS. RESULTS A total of 383 patients were enrolled. Twelve patients (3.1%) underwent in-hospital splenectomy between 24 hours and 9 days after injury. Of 366 discharged with a spleen, 1 (0.27%) required readmission for DS on postinjury Day 12. No Grade I injuries experienced DS. The splenectomy rate after 24 hours of NOM was 1.5 per 1,000 patient-days. Only extravasation from the spleen at time of admission (ADMIT-BLUSH) was associated with splenectomy (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–12.4). Of patients with ADMIT-BLUSH (n = 49), 17 (34.7%) did not have ANGIO with embolization (EMBO), and 2 of those (11.8%) underwent splenectomy; 32 (65.3%) underwent ANGIO with EMBO, and 2 of those (6.3%, p = 0.6020 compared with no ANGIO with EMBO) required splenectomy. CONCLUSION Splenectomy after 24 hours of NOM is rare. After the initial 24 hours, no additional interventions are warranted for patients with Grade I injuries. For Grades II to V, close observation as an inpatient or outpatient is indicated for 10 days to 14 days. ADMIT-BLUSH is a strong predictor of DS and should lead to close observation or earlier surgical intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic/epidemiological study, level III; therapeutic study, level IV.
Features of a Chemical Composition of Dry Leaves of Stevia vebaudiana

This work is dedicated to the study of a chemical composition of dry leaves of Stevia. Dry leaves of Stevia contain diterpene glycosides that contribute to their sweet taste, which makes possible the use of Stevia as a sugar substitute in a production of flour confectionery products. The evaluation of amino acid composition of dried leaves of Stevia showed that their composition includes 7 essential amino acids, among them the limiting amino acid is valine.During experimental researches it was established that they are containing in a sufficient quantity water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in their composition. We have studied the effect of processing conditions on the degree of milling of dry leaves of Stevia. It was revealed that the pressure of 5 MPa in the contact zone of the working elements do not guarantee a product with a desired degree of milling. Milling of dried leaves of Stevia at a pressure equal to 10 MPa, allows achieving a high degree of size reduction with a simultaneous formation of the main physical and chemical characteristics of amilledproduct. It was established that granulometric composition of dry leaves of Stevia, obtained by milling in a rotor-roller disintegrator, presents the highest content of particles with a size from 5 to 30 ìm, ensuring high consumer properties of the obtained biologically active additives (BAA).
Clustering-based model of cysteine co-evolution improves disulfide bond connectivity prediction and reduces homologous sequence requirements

MOTIVATION Cysteine residues have particular structural and functional relevance in proteins because of their ability to form covalent disulfide bonds. Bioinformatics tools that can accurately predict cysteine bonding states are already available, whereas it remains challenging to infer the disulfide connectivity pattern of unknown protein sequences. Improving accuracy in this area is highly relevant for the structural and functional annotation of proteins. RESULTS We predict the intra-chain disulfide bond connectivity patterns starting from known cysteine bonding states with an evolutionary-based unsupervised approach called Sephiroth that relies on high-quality alignments obtained with HHblits and is based on a coarse-grained cluster-based modelization of tandem cysteine mutations within a protein family. We compared our method with state-of-the-art unsupervised predictors and achieve a performance improvement of 25-27% while requiring an order of magnitude less of aligned homologous sequences (∼10(3) instead of ∼10(4)). AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The software described in this article and the datasets used are available at http://ibsquare.be/sephiroth. CONTACT wvranken@vub.ac. be SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
Dasatinib may overcome the negative prognostic impact of KIR2DS1 in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

To the editor: Most chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients achieve complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). [1][1] However, many relapse on therapy discontinuation. [2][2] The curative effect of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in CML is believed to
Graph spaces of first-order linear partial differential operators

Symmetric positive systems of first-order linear partial differential equations were introduced by K.O. Friedrichs (1958) in order to treat the equations that change their type, like the equations modelling the transonic fluid flow. Recently, some progress in their understanding has been made by rewriting them in terms of Hilbert spaces, characterising the admisible boundary conditions by intrinsic geometric conditions in the graph spaces. In this paper we streamline the available proofs of the properties of graph spaces (most completely presented by M. Jensen (2004)), providing some additional results in the process; thus paving the way for further study of Friedrichs’ systems.
CMOS-Based Multichip Networked Flexible Retinal Stimulator Designed for Image-Based Retinal Prosthesis

We propose and characterize a CMOS LSI-based neural stimulator for retinal prosthesis technology. The stimulator is based upon a multichip architecture in which small-sized CMOS stimulators named ldquounit chipsrdquo are organized on a flexible substrate. We designed a unit chip with an on-chip stimulator and light-sensing circuitry. We verified that all the functions implemented on the unit chip worked correctly and that an organized unit chip can be used as a retinal stimulator with multisite image-based patterned stimulation. We also demonstrated light-controlled retinal stimulation for the first time in an in vivo animal experiment on a rabbit's retina.
Abnormal imitation‐related cortical activation sequences in Asperger's syndrome

Subjects with Asperger's syndrome (AS) are impaired in social interaction and imitation, but the underlying brain mechanisms are poorly understood. Because the mirror‐neuron system (MNS) that matches observed and executed actions has been suggested to play an important role in imitation and in reading of other people's intentions, we assessed MNS functions in 8 adult AS subjects and in 10 healthy control subjects during imitation of still pictures of lip forms. In the control subjects, cortical activation progressed in 30 to 80‐millisecond steps from the occipital cortex to the superior temporal sulcus, to the inferior parietal lobe, and to the inferior frontal lobe, and finally, 75 to 90 milliseconds later, to the primary motor cortex of both hemispheres. Similar activation sites were found in AS subjects but with slightly larger scatter. Activation of the inferior frontal lobe was delayed by 45 to 60 milliseconds and activations in the inferior frontal lobe and in the primary motor cortex were weaker than in control subjects. The observed abnormal premotor and motor processing could account for a part of imitation and social impairments in subjects with AS. Ann Neurol 2004
Species-specific cloned DNA probes for the identification of Campylobacter hyointestinalis

Conventional microbiological methods for isolating and identifying Campylobacter species are laborious, tedious, and subjective. Because of the increasing importance of Campylobacter species in human and animal diseases and the recent emergence of many new species and atypical strains, we are developing chromosomal DNA probes for rapid and simple identification of Campylobacter species, especially those of veterinary importance. We report the cloning and characterization of chromosomal DNA fragments from Campylobacter hyointestinalis, an organism isolated from pigs with proliferative enteritis. To obtain C. hyointestinalis-specific probes, chromosomal DNA fragments from C. hyointestinalis were cloned into plasmid vector pGEM-3Z. Recombinant plasmids were screened for C. hyointestinalis-specific inserts by DNA hybridization, using chromosomal DNA from either C. hyointestinalis or C. fetus which had been 32P labeled. Recombinants which hybridized to C. hyointestinalis, but not C. fetus, DNA were 32P labeled and screened further for sensitivity and specificity. Three probes were identified that were species specific and capable of detecting 10(4) C. hyointestinalis organisms by bacterial spot blotting in 48 h. We anticipate that these probes will be useful for routine species identification and for epidemiological studies.