Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
13 Soil Nitrogen Budgets

Nitrogen budgets, or N balances, are a valuable tool for expanding our understanding of the soil N cycle. Nitrogen budgets have been used to estimate the size of various N pools, N gains from the atmosphere, N losses to the environment, and to study the interactions among soil N cycle processes. Nitrogen budgets have also been used to compare the eff ects of management practices on the soil–crop N cycle. A major advantage of constructing an N budget is that it requires a “systems approach”, i.e., the identifi cation and estimation of the major N cycle processes in a system. Constructing N budgets requires a synthesis of the individual N processes, described throughout this monograph, into a coherent view of the entire cycle. High-quality N budgets should lead to more effi cient use of N, and lower environmental losses. Constructing a nutrient budget for N is particularly diffi cult because N exists in oxidation states from +5 (NO3), to 0 (N2), to −3 (NH4). Nitrogen is also transformed by diverse agents, including microbes, chemical reactions, plants, and animals. Furthermore, it can be transported between compartments by air and water. Nitrogen exists in compounds with a wide range of stabilities, from long-lived soil organic matt er to short-lived urea, as inorganic forms with slow reactivity (clay-fi xed ammonium) to rapid reactivity (solution ammonium N), and as a nearly inert gas (N2) to a highly reactive gas (NH3). These facts explain why N budgets have challenged many generations of soil scientists, and why N budgets remain a challenge today. The goals of this chapter are to review, analyze, and interpret selected N budgets, and the components making up budgets, to illustrate diff erent approaches for constructing budgets and to examine the soil N cycle in various agricultural systems. This chapter is not a comprehensive literature review, but will emphasize N balances on the fi eld-plot scale, and larger spatial scales.
Investigations on the enhancing efficacy of granulovirus on nucleopolyhedrovirus of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner).

The implementation of microbial control of insect pests especially with nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) is less popular among the farmers owing to its slow action and reduced efficacy against grown up larvae. The infectivity of NPV against grown up larvae were reported to be enhanced by the presence of a viral enhancing factor (VEF) in granuloviruses (GV). Hence, investigations were carried out to find out the effect of Helicoverpa armigera Granulovirus (HaGV) on the nucleopolyhedrovirus of H. armigera (HaNPV) against second, third, fourth and fifth instar larvae. Results of the studies revealed that treatment of HaNPV, HaGV applied at LC 50 doses alone or a combination of HaNPV (LC 50 ) + HaGV (LC 25 ) significantly caused higher mortalities due to polyhedrosis or polyhedrosis mixed with granulosis than other individual treatments tested at LC 25 , LC 50 or their combinations. Data on the LT 50 values against different instars indicated that combination of HaNPV + HaGV and HaGV alone at different doses resulted in lowered mortality and extension in survivorship time. Only in HaNPV treated at LC 50 doses, the LT 50 was found to be significantly the shortest recording 99.52, 100.31, 102.92 and 104.46 h against second, third, fourth and fifth instar larvae respectively. It was found that the efficacy of HaNPV was not enhanced by the HaGV and the decrease in the infectivity of HaNPV by HaGV might be due to out competing nature of HaGV for tissue sites or it might possess a viral factor such as a protein or peptide, for inhibiting viral replication. The efficacy of HaNPV was also not enhanced by the heat inactivated HaGV.
Int. J. Biosci

A three-factor experiment was set at the Horticulture Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during April-May 2014 to study the effects of the controlled deterioration (CD) on the bush bean seeds at the constant temperature of 35o C. The 3 factors considered were: two bush bean varieties; four ageing periods (0, 4, 8, and 16 days); and three seed moisture contents (12, 16 and 20% moisture content). The twenty four treatment combinations compared in the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with the three replications for the eight parameters were: % germination, % abnormal seedlings, % dead seeds, % soil emergence and seedling evaluation test for the root and shoot lengths as well as their dry matter contents. Identical prototypes of notable (5-1% level) degradations were recorded everywhere. But the disparities were clear under the extreme stresses. Moreover, highly noteworthy (1% level) relations were traced amid all the traits ranging from -0.466 (seed dry matter x abnormal seedling) to 0.983 (normal seedling x root length). So, the controlled deterioration technique was very effectual in judging the physiological statuses of the varieties studied. Thus, the germination test might be add-on by a vigour test. The latter of which could be assessed by quantifying the seedlings’ root and shoot lengths and/or their dry matter accumulations. Moreover, in the seed quality certification, the suitable limits of vigour for the chosen traits could also be got by this technique. But the seeds of several bush bean varieties should be exploited to fix-up the agreeable limits of the traits. In addition to that, the variety BB1 could also be used in hybridization program as a parent to have better seeds of inherent quality. Finally, to shorten time, the ageing epoch could also be condensed by elevating the seed moisture contents to a certain stage. * Corresponding Author: Mohammad R. Reza International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub. net Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 188-202, 2015
Relationships of the First Trimester Maternal BMI with New-born Anthropometric Characteristics and Visfatin Levels throughout Pregnancy

Background: Birth weight has been shown to be influenced by numerous factors including, maternal characteristics such as maternal BMI. In pregnancy, there is increased adipose tissue which can cause to maternal obesity and insulin resistance. There is visfatin expression increase specific to pregnancy. Aim: We planned this study to assess relationships of the first trimester maternal BMI with new-born anthropometric characteristics and visfatin levels throughout pregnancy. Methods and Material: This longitudinal, observational study on 100 nulliparous pregnant women carried out in Birjand, Iran, over three trimesters in 2016. The researcher asked the participants to fill out the Researcher-made questionnaire including demographic and anthropometric characteristics including first trimester BMI and then referred them to laboratory to serum sample taking from mothers and visfatin levels measurement in the three trimesters. Neonate’s anthropometric measures (weight, height, head circumference) and sex of new-borns were obtained from hospital reports. Results: Pearson correlation test indicated significant correlation between birth weight and the first trimester maternal BMI (r= 0.27, P=0.02). Also, Spearman’s correlation test showed a weak negative correlation between head circumference with mean visfatin level (r= -0.23, P=0.04). Linear regression showed that birth weight predicts 28% of variation of BMI. Also, there was significant difference between the maternal level of education and the mean of birth weight (P=0.027). Conclusions: Results of the present study showed that the mean of birth weight was comparable with capital cities in Iran, it is necessary to strengthen the existing mother and child health care program and to develop new approaches.
Break-up and seafloor spreading domains in the NE Atlantic

Abstract An updated magnetic anomaly grid of the NE Atlantic and an improved database of magnetic anomaly and fracture zone identifications allow the kinematic history of this region to be revisited. At break-up time, continental rupture occurred parallel to the Mesozoic rift axes in the south, but obliquely to the previous rifting trend in the north, probably due to the proximity of the Iceland plume at 57–54 Ma. The new oceanic lithosphere age grid is based on 30 isochrons (C) from C24n old (53.93 Ma) to C1n old (0.78 Ma), and documents ridge reorganizations in the SE Lofoten Basin, the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone region, in Iceland and offshore Faroe Islands. Updated continent–ocean boundaries, including the Jan Mayen microcontinent, and detailed kinematics of the Eocene–Present Greenland–Eurasia relative motions are included in this model. Variations in the subduction regime in the NE Pacific could have caused the sudden northwards motion of Greenland and subsequent Eurekan deformation. These events caused seafloor spreading changes in the neighbouring Labrador Sea and a decrease in spreading rates in the NE Atlantic. Boundaries between major oceanic crustal domains were formed when the European Plate changed its absolute motion direction, probably caused by successive adjustments along its southern boundary. Supplementary material: Figures showing the long wavelength of the NAG-TEC magnetic anomaly grid, detailed magnetic anomalies and isochrons, and a Table documenting aeromagnetic surveys for NAG-TEC magnetic compilation are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.3661925
Early Childhood Education Papers (Belia) Early Childhood Confidence is Based on the Implementation of Mushrooms in the House Apron Game in Kindergarten Aisyiyah Procot District

Early childhood self-confidence is a deep conviction that the child possesses all his abilities and is aware of the deficiencies that exist in him that comes from the conscience and can do something useful for himself and others around him. Children who have confidence in carrying out their ac- tivities are always convinced that he is able to do the activity well and provide optimal results. The purpose of this study was to explain the differences in early childhood confidence based on the application of mushroom house apron games. This method in this research is quantitative res. Design True Experimental with type Posttest-Only Control Design. The population is all students kindergarten Aisyiyah be born, Tegal, with a sample of a kindergarten class experimental class B number of 20 children and a kindergarten class control class B and a number of 20 children. Data were obtained from the scale of confidence early childhood consists of 43 items that have been tested for validity and reliability. The scale is stuffed after treatment by investigators with the help of classroom teachers. Analysis of data using different test Independent Sample T-test. Based on the results of the study showed that, there are differences in early childhood confidence is based on the application of the mushroom house apron game. It is shown from the calculation of Independent Sample T-test, valuet of 3.467> t table 2,016 and sig (2-tailed) of 0.001 <0.05, and the mean of the experimental class at 129.8 while the mean control class is 108, 3 means that there are differences in early childhood confidence is based on the application of the mushroom house apron. The results also showed confidence in early childhood experimental class higher than the class of the control that does not use a mushroom house apron game.
11-Year Radar-Based Study of Tornadic Thunderstorms over Central Oklahoma

In an 11-y period (2000–2010) 126 tornadoes affected central Oklahoma within a 111-km (60-nm) radius of the Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX) WSR-88D. The tornadoes resulted in 265 injuries and 3 deaths. This study used archived WSR-88D data to obtain information about storm characteristics such as mode, width, height, and measures of the mesocyclone, at the time of initial tornado formation. The radar data provided information about the supercell spectrum and highlighted differences between tornado-producing supercells and tornado-producing quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs), especially with respect to midlevel rotational velocity. Warning lead-time information also was obtained and compared with the radar characteristics. No specific radar attribute was strongly correlated with lead time, likely due to the multitude of variables involved in the tornado warning process. A strong correlation did exist between lead time and storm mode. Applying these findings in an operational environment similar to that found in central Oklahoma may enhance tornado warning performance.
Effect of Silica Fume on Engineering Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Concrete is a most widely used man-made construction material in the world. It is obtained by mixing cementitious materials, water, aggregate and sometimes admixtures in required proportions. The concrete widely used in large-scale construction demands high strength, high flowability, and high durability. This paper is an attempt to study the various engineering properties of a concrete made with additives such as silica fume, a synthetic fiber and a super plasticizer in different material proportions. Recron 3s fibers manufactured by Reliance Industry Limited, India (RIL) and commonly available in the local retail market of India have been used. The experimental investigations include the X-ray diffraction test, the basic tests for cement, and conventional tests for concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength. The capillary and porosity tests have been also conducted to study the effects of concrete in respect of resistance to seeping or dampening. It has been observed that silica fumes and Recron fibers enhance the resistance to capillary and porosity problems in concrete, besides enhancing the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength. Generally it is seen from this investigation that the optimum properties of concrete have been obtained with 20% silica fume replacement and 0.2% fiber content.
Metalanguage and Learning Grammar among Iranian EFL Learners

This research was conducted on Iranian EFL learners in Tehran Institute of Technology (The West Branch) to examine the effect of teachers’ metalanguage on learners’ learning of grammatical points. In each level of elementary and intermediate, two groups were chosen, an experimental and a control group. In the experimental group, the teachers used metalanguage to teach grammar points. However, in control group the teachers used examples to teach grammar points. The result indicated that the metalanguage had impacted the learners’ learning of grammatical points. The effect was more obvious with regard to the learning of grammatical points where the intermediate learners remarkably did better than the elementary ones.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Juggling with media van der Schuur

The increasing prevalence of media multitasking among youth has raised concerns regarding its negative effects on youths’ functioning. Although the number of empirical studies on the consequences of media multitasking for youth has grown rapidly, there has been no attempt to integrate theory with the results of these studies. This review integrates available findings on the relationship between media multitasking and three domains of youths’ functioning: cognitive control, academic performance, and socioemotional functioning. Three databases (PsycINFO, ERIC, and CMMC) were searched to identify relevant studies, resulting in 8448 citations. Fifty-six studies met the inclusion criteria: nine studies on cognitive control, 43 on academic performance, and four on socioemotional functioning. Overall, the findings indicate a small to moderate negative relationship between media multitasking and the three domains of youths’ functioning. However, evidence regarding the causal direction of this relationship is lacking. Based on the included studies, we identify several research gaps and present five main directions for future research: examining causality, establishing more targeted theories, improving media multitasking measurements, focusing on individual and contextual differences, and including representative samples. THIS CHAPTER IS PUBLISHED AS: van der Schuur, W. A. , Baumgartner, S. E. , Sumter, S. R. , & Valkenburg, P. M. (2015). The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 204-215. doi:10.1016/j.chb. 2015.06. 035
Computer Science

Text alignment and text quality are critical to the accuracy of Machine Translation (MT) systems, some NLP tools, and any other text processing tasks requiring bilingual data. This research proposes a language-independent bisentence filtering approach based on Polish (not a position-sensitive language) to English experiments. This cleaning approach was developed on the TED Talks corpus and also initially tested on the Wikipedia comparable corpus, but it can be used for any text domain or language pair. The proposed approach implements various heuristics for sentence comparison. Some of the heuristics leverage synonyms as well as semantic and structural analysis of text as additional information. Minimization of data loss has been? ensured. An improvement in MT system scores with text processed using this tool is discussed.
Metalloproteinases involvement in liver tumoral pathology- an update

MMPs and TIMPs involvement in tissue destruction may be incriminated in malignant invasion and metastasis, showing correlations between the overexpression, aggressiveness, tumor stage and prognosis. Recent data provide evidence of their complex role in creating an auspicious microenvironment for tumor growth in primary and metastatic sites. The investigation of MMPs and TIMPs functional interdependency is an important direction, useful in carcinogenesis intrinsic mechanisms deciphering, its apparently paradoxical role being incompletely defined. Literature review regarding MMPs and TIMPs study in primary and secondary hepatic tumors allows us to affirm that defining a precise profile of their activities is extremely difficult. The most studied metalloproteinase, in liver tumoral microenvironment, were MMP2 and MMP9 together with their inhibitors TIMP 2 and TIMP1, respectively. The expression variability of both MMPs and TIMPs is associated to promoter or inhibitor action of stromal cells and / or tumor cells, as liver microenvironment has a modulatory action for MMPs and TIMPs. MMPs capacity to intervene in many biological processes is attributed to their ability of ECM proteolysis, as a possible initiator of unrevealed functions. The understanding of biochemical and structural aspects of MMPs, and the capacity to form molecular complexes with TIMPs open the perspectives of design of potent specific inhibitors for MMPs and, thus, the development of new therapies for primary and metastatic liver cancers.
The Application of Lesson Study in Teaching English as a Foreign Language

Lesson Study is a professional development method involving a group of teachers working collaboratively towards a jointly prepared research lesson. The purpose of this study is to apply Lesson Study in the English as a Foreign Language context of Turkey. The participants are three English instructors and 18 students in the English Preparatory Program at a Turkish university. The instructors prepared a research lesson, and the lesson was presented by one of the instructors while the other instructors were observing students. Following the first lesson, a post-lesson discussion among the instructors was carried out, and students filled out an open-ended survey about the lesson. After necessary revisions were made in line with the participants’ suggestions, the lesson was presented to another group of learners at the same level, and the opinions of students and teachers about the revised lesson were collected once again. The analysis of the qualitative data revealed that Lesson Study led to the improvement of the research lesson. Moreover, it was found that Lesson Study was considered beneficial by the instructors as a means of professional development.
Legal Bonding, Investor Recognition, and Cross-Listing Premia in Emerging Markets

Using the IFC investable measure to designate firms as either investable or non-investable prior to cross-listing, this paper shows Level 2/3 cross-listing firms that were previously non-investable enjoy the largest ‘cross-listing premia’. Since previously non-investable firms are likely to experience the largest increase in their shareholder base post-listing, the results are consistent with the notion that enhanced ‘recognition’ explains cross-listing premia. For these firms, a combination of bonding and greater recognition serves to deliver large cross-listing premia. For previously investable firms, bonding alone is sufficient to deliver cross-listing premia.
Relating firm performance to corporate governance characteristics: a research perspective on the publicly listed information technology companies in Australia

The objective of this research is to relate company performance (in terms of different measures) tocorporate governance characteristics (like board size, internal or external majority governance) for thepublicly listed information technology (IT) companies in Australia. A sample of 55 such companies areconsidered. Results reveal that, contrary to the popular belief in respect to positive influence ofexternal board members, performance of the IT companies tend to worse with higher degree of boardindependence. We attribute the characteristics of these outcomes to the dynamic properties of the ITindustrial sector in Australia. Linear regression models relating the performance measures to boardcharacteristics along with other financial information have also been developed. The number of seniormanagement members has been identified as the key board characteristic factor in these models,implying the importance of major internal control over highly independent board for the publiclylisted Australian IT companies.
Title : Diurnal fluctuations of dissolved N 2 O concentrations and estimates of N 2 O emissions from a spring-fed river : implications for IPCC methodology

There is uncertainty in the estimates of indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The uncertainty is due to the challenge and dearth of in situ measurements. Recent work in a subtropical stream system has shown the potential for diurnal variability to influence the downstream N transfer, N form, and estimates of in-stream N2O production. Studies in temperate stream systems have also shown diurnal changes in stream chemistry. The objectives of this study were to measure N2O fluxes and dissolved N2O concentrations from a spring-fed temperate river to determine if diurnal cycles were occurring. The study was performed during a 72 hour period, over a 180 m reach, using headspace chamber methodology. Significant diurnal cycles were observed in radiation, river temperature and chemistry including dissolved N2O-N concentrations. These data were used to further assess the IPCC methodology and experimental methodology used. River NO3-N and N2O-N concentrations averaged 3.0 mg L and 1.6 μg L respectively, with N2O saturation reaching a maximum of 664%. The N2O-N fluxes, measured using chamber methodology, ranged from 52-140 μg m h while fluxes predicted using the dissolved N2O concentration ranged from 13-25 μg m h. The headspace chamber methodology may have enhanced the measured N2O flux and this is discussed. Diurnal cycles in N2O % saturation were not large enough to influence downstream N transfer or N form with variability in measured N2O fluxes greater and more significant than diurnal variability in N2O % saturation. The measured N2O fluxes, extrapolated over the study reach area, represented only 6x10 percent of the NO3-N that passed through the study reach over a 72 h period. This is only 0.1% of the IPCC calculated flux