Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Response to Anonymous Referee # 1

Understanding future impacts of sea-level rise at the local level is [. 1 ]important for mitigating its effects. In particular, quantifying the range of sea-level rise outcomes in a probabilistic way enables coastal planners to better adapt strategies, depending on cost[. 2 ], timing and risk tolerance. For a time horizon of 100 years, frameworks have been developed that provide such [. 3 ]projections by relying on sea-level fingerprints where contributions from different processes are sampled 5 at each individual time step and summed up to create probability distributions of sea-level rise for each desired location. While advantageous, this method does not readily allow for including new physics developed in forward models of each component. For example, couplings and feedbacks between ice sheets, ocean circulation, and solid-Earth uplift cannot easily be represented in such frameworks. Indeed, the main impediment to inclusion of more forward model physics in probabilistic sea-level frameworks is the availability of dynamically computed sea-level fingerprints that can be directly linked to local mass 10 changes. Here, we demonstrate such an approach within the Ice-Sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM), where we develop a probabilistic framework that can readily be coupled to forward process models such as those for ice sheets, glacial-isostatic adjustment , hydrology and ocean circulation, among others. Through large scale uncertainty quantification, we demonstrate how this approach enables inclusion of incremental improvements in all forward models and provides fidelity to time-correlated processes. The projection system may readily process input and output quantities that are geodetically consistent with space 15 and terrestrial measurement systems. The approach can also account for numerous improvements in our understanding of sea-level processes. 1removed: paramount to 2removed: and timing . For long-term projections, from present-day to the end of the 21st century 3removed: probabilistic projections . They rely
How to become a solar tycoon ? The effects of historical and social aspirations on strategic decisions : Evidence from a serious game

Following the Behavioral Theory of the Firm, we conceive of firms? and managers? strategic decisions as a function of performance feedback. We argue that managers are prone to adjust production, R&D investments and sales prices when substantially underor over-performing their aspirations. We further enquire the influence of respondent characteristics, competitive dynamics and the machine type chosen. We test our assumptions using as a novel combination of a serious game and survey data collected amongst a sample of participants in the Netherlands and Germany. We find strong support for a trade-off between exploration and exploitation. Exploitation is driven by historical success in production as well as an increase in resources. Exploration is driven by an increase in slack resources compared to historical aspirations, but not by direct production feedback or social comparison. Overall the results for historical aspirations seem more consistent than the results for social aspirations.
Differential response of photosynthetic electron transport and CO 2 assimilation in sensitive ( S 156 ) and resistant ( R 123 ) Phaseolus vulgaris L . ( bush bean ) genotypes to chronic ozone exposure

Copyright: © 2018. Authors. Licensee: Die SuidAfrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attibution License. Tropospheric ozone is currently regarded as one of the most important air pollutants, since it causes more damage to vegetation world-wide than all the other pollutants combined (Ashmore and Bell 1991). Due to its oxidative nature ozone causes leaf damage and a decrease in photosynthesis. Ozone tolerance varies widely between species and genotypes. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the physiological and biochemical constraints imposed by chronic ozone exposure of two bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes with known difference in sensitivity, namely S156 (sensitive) and R123 (resistant), to charcoal-filtered air and 80 nmol.mol-1 O3. The study was conducted in open-top growth chambers (OTCs) over the entire growth period by measuring chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP-test) and photosynthetic gas exchange of the test plants weekly. The status of the photosynthetic apparatus was assessed by analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics (JIP test) and CO2 response curves (A:Ci). O3-induced physiological effects were detected in S156 long before appearance of necrotic spots on the trifoliate leaves. Photosynthesis was substantially inhibited in S156, mainly due to disengagement of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), inhibition of intersystem electron transport and the reduction of endelectron acceptors of PSI (ferredoxin, NADP+), causing the concomitant decrease in the carboxylation and regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. Seed and pod yield closely reflected the photosynthetic response of the test plants. Although leaves of both the genotypes were affected visually, it was S156 that displayed severe necrotic ozone injury on the trifoliate leaves. Our data contribute to and complement the existing knowledge on the processes underlying the phytotoxicity of O3 needed for development of tolerant genotypes.
Title Three-dimensional non-destructive optical evaluation of laser-processing performance using optical coherence tomography

We demonstrate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a non-destructive diagnostic tool for evaluating laser-processing performance by imaging the features of a pit and a rim. A pit formed on a material at different laser-processing conditions is imaged using both a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) and OCT. Then using corresponding images, the geometrical characteristics of the pit are analyzed and compared. From the results, we could verify the feasibility and the potential of the application of OCT to the monitoring of the laser-processing performance.
Relationships between Pre-service Elementary Teachers ' Mathematics Anxiety and Content Knowledge for Teaching

This work builds upon previous research involving individuals’ attitude toward mathematics and their achievement in mathematics. We focus on two important components of attitude toward mathematics, namely mathematics test anxiety and numerical anxiety, and their relationship with pre-service elementary teachers' mathematical content knowledge for teaching, which is a distinct construct within achievement in mathematics. The findings of this study are that mathematics test anxiety has a significant correlation with mathematical knowledge for teaching, while the correlation between numerical anxiety and mathematical knowledge for teaching is much lower.
EVALUATING SERVICE QUALITY & CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN EMERGING MARKETS

Organizations regularly monitor service quality and satisfaction in an attempt to improve customer retention. SERVQUAL and regression are commonly used for this purpose. SERVQUAL measures perceived importance and performance along key service dimensions. Regression derives importance by linking service ratings to a satisfaction measure. There is dispute over which approach is more appropriate, as well as the specifics of each application. To add to this debate both are applied to retail banking in an emerging market. SERVQUAL and regression results identify different service dimensions as being most important to bank customers. Implications for the service mix therefore differ depending upon the approach adopted. During analysis thirteen service dimensions emerge, indicating that standardized instruments developed in the West may miss attributes important in developing countries. In conclusion, regression is considered more statistically reliable for evaluating service quality and satisfaction. Furthermore a multinomial method is more appropriate than conventional multiple regression given the data’s categorical nature.
The efficacy of good practice to prevent long-term leaching losses of phosphorus from an irrigated dairy farm

Phosphorus (P) can be leached from intensive land uses, including grazed dairy farming. There is some evidence to suggest that P-leaching can enrich groundwater, especially where fertiliser or farm dairy effluent P (FDE) is applied to soils of low sorption capacity. We measured P fractions in leachate at 70 cm depth from two soils of low-P sorption capacity in an intensively grazed dairy farm, one a free-draining shallow soil and another a deep and moderately well-drained soil. As per industry good practice, the soils were maintained at an agronomic optimum and received P as either fertiliser or a lower rate of fertiliser plus FDE, applied according to regional rules and industry guidelines to avoid the FDE ponding on the soil surface and leaching to depth. Our hypothesis was that rules and guidelines were not sufficient to prevent P losses, especially in the free-draining soil. In response to annual applications of 40 kg P ha−1 yr−1 as fertiliser or 30 kg P ha−1 yr−1 as fertiliser and 10 kg P ha−1 yr−1 as FDE, dissolved and particulate P concentrations increased annually 4 to 7%. Mean total P load over the 14-yr period of measurement (2001–2015) from the FDE-treated, free-draining shallow soil was 1.46 kg ha−1 yr−1, much greater than the same soil without FDE (0.25 kg ha−1 yr−1) or the moderately well-drained soil with or without FDE applied (0.12 kg ha−1 yr−1, for both treatments). Leaching losses were attributed to a combination of high hydraulic conductivity enhanced by the presence of macropores and the increasing P saturation of macropore walls. An enrichment in dissolved reactive P was also detected in a well intercepting groundwater at 10-m depth. However, the source of the enrichment was unclear. These data suggest that despite following industry good practice, regional rules and industry guidelines significant P losses may occur when FDE is applied to soil at rates designed to maintain soil Olsen P in an agronomically optimal concentration. It is unclear if applying less FDE at lower rate, would decrease P losses. Therefore, less P must be applied, made less available for loss, or P-rich FDE not applied to this freely draining shallow stony soil (or similar soils) under irrigation.
The Role of E-Cadherin in the Assessment of Esophageal Mucosal Damage in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea / Hypopnea Syndrome

Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол 2019; 29(3) / Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol 2019; 29(3) Цель исследования — оценить содержание Е-кадгерина в плазме крови лиц с гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью (ГЭРБ) и с ГЭРБ в сочетании с синдромом обструктивного апноэ/гипопноэ сна (СОАГС). Материал и методы. Обследовано 120 пациентов с ГЭРБ и/или СОАГС, которым выполнялась эзофагогастродуоденоскопия с биопсией нижней трети пищевода с целью морфологической верификации ГЭРБ. Диагностика нарушений дыхания во сне проводилась с использованием компьютерной пульсоксиметрии. Группу 1 (n = 29) составили пациенты с ГЭРБ, группу 2 (n = 35) — пациенты с ГЭРБ в сочетании с СОАГС, группу 3 (n = 30) — пациенты с СОАГС, группа 4 (n = 26) — группа сравнения. Концентрацию Е-кадгерина в плазме крови определяли с помощью иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. Статистически значимых различий между пациентами с ГЭРБ и группой сравнения по плазменному уровню N-терминального фрагмента Е-кадгерина получено не было (0,207 (0,128; 0,295) и 0,128 (0,067; 0,281) нг/мл соответственно, р = 0,082). Однако пациенты с эрозивным эзофагитом характеризуются более высоким содержанием Е-кадгерина в плазме крови, чем пациенты группы сравнения (0,284 (0,176; 0,858) и 0,128 (0,067; 0,281) нг/мл соответственно, р = 0,03). У пациентов с ГЭРБ и СОАГС отмечались статистически значимо более высокие концентрации Е-кадгерина в плазме крови по сравнению с пациентами с ГЭРБ (0,379 (0,277; 0,538) и 0,207 (0,128; 0,295) нг/мл соответственно, р = 0,017). Обнаружена положительная зависимость концентрации Е-кадгерина в плазме крови от значения индекса апноэ/гипопноэ (r = 0,43, p < 0,05). Выводы. СОАГС негативно влияет на состояние гистоархитектоники слизистой оболочки пищевода пациентов с ГЭРБ, что подтверждается увеличением N-терминального фрагмента Е-кадгерина в плазме крови испытуемых и может указывать на потерю Е-кадгерина в слизистой пищевода с развитием нарушения функционирования плотных запирательных контактов. Ключевые слова: гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь, синдром обструктивного апноэ/гипопноэ сна, Е-кадгерин, межклеточная адгезия, эрозивный эзофагит, слизистая оболочка пищевода, индекс апноэ/ гипопноэ Конфликт интересов: автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Роль Е-кадгерина в оценке повреждения слизистой оболочки пищевода у пациентов с гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью, ассоциированной с синдромом обструктивного апноэ/гипопноэ сна
Moving Up The Ladder: The Influence of Heterogeneous Mentors and Research Orientations on Academic Careers

In today’s knowledgeintensive societies a c demics’ careers are often more uncertain and challenging than the predictable upward path of the academic ladder would suggest. We investigate two factors enabling or hinder ing academic careers : (a) mentoring and (b) research orientations. Our study is based on a sample of 248 academics at two leading European universities of technology. We combi ne multinomial logit models and sequential logit models to understand career success throughout the whole career trajectory. Regarding (a) mentoring we find that academics mentored by PhD supervisors different from themselves uccessfully make the initial step up the academic ladder. Yet, those with PhD supervisors similar to them are more likely to secure tenured positions. Regarding (b) research orientation our results show that academics’ research orientation substantially influence s their careers : Scholars mainly focusing on Bohrtype research, i.e. pure basic research, are least successful; academics mainly focusing on Edison-type research, i.e. pure applied researc h, thrive up to mid-career stages; and academics mainly focusing on Pasteur -type research, i.e use-inspired research, outperform others when it comes to obtaining associate and full professorships. The academics most likely to get tenure are those who are able to bridge between the quest for fundamental understanding and socioeconomical ly relevant applications of their research .
Short-term vibration training and female jump performance: A feasibility study investigating a relatively low-cost, platform

This study investigated the effects of a short-term vibration training intervention, using a relatively low-cost side-alternating platform, on the jump performance and corresponding lower body power of a young recreationally active female population. Following institutional ethics approval, nine recreationally active females (mean: age = 21.1 ± 0.6 years; height = 1.66 ± 0.08 m; mass = 68.1 ± 9.8 kg), recruited via a convenience sampling method, were randomly assigned to a whole-body vibration training (WBVT) or control group. The WBVT group performed static squats and lunges, once-per-week over a six-week period, on a side-alternating vibration platform. The control group followed an identical training protocol without vibration exposure. Lower body muscular power was assessed pre- and post- intervention using three maximal vertical countermovement jumps (VCMJ), performed on a contact mat. Results of a repeated measures t-test revealed the WBVT group significantly improved their VCMJ performance (P= 0.012) over the six-week intervention. The control groups’ performance remained relatively stable with no significant increase in jump performance (P =0.68). The current study supports the inclusion of vibration training as part of an exercise regime to increase jumping performance and power in a recreationally active female population. As findings show comparable improvements to those from other studies following similar training protocols, using more expensive vibration platforms, further investigation is now warranted to ascertain responses to vibratory signals received from the variety of low-cost, vibration platform types currently available.
FIRM PERFORMANCE AND CEO COMPENSATION STRUCTURE: EVIDENCE FROM THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY

5 INTRODUCTION . 6 1. PERFORMANCE AND CEO COMPENSATION . 9 1.1. Performance of financial institutions . 9 1.2. CEO compensation structure . 13 1.3. Theoretical views on the compensation-performance relationship . 15 1.4. Review of previous empirical studies . 19 2. DATA AND METHODOLOGY . 24 2.1. Data . 24 2.2. Variables used in estimations . 26 2.3. Methodology . 29 2.3.1. Wilcoxon rank sum test . 29 2.3.2. Panel regression models . 30 2.3.3. Quantile regression . 31 3. EMPIRICAL RESULTS . 33 3.1. CEO compensation at financial institutions . 33 3.2. Performance differences between compensation item users and non-users . 35 3.3. Results of panel models . 37 3.4. Results of quantile regression . 42 3.5. Summary of results . 45 CONCLUSION . 51 KOKKUVÕTE . 54 LIST OF REFERENCES . 57 APPENDICES . 63 Appendix 1. Overview of variables used in estimations. 63 Appendix 2. Frequency distributions of performance variables . 64 Appendix 3. Correlations between the variables used in estimations . 66 Appendix 4. The average CEO compensation structure in US firms . 67 Appendix 5. ROA differences across compensation item users and non-users in US firms . 68 Appendix 6. ROE differences across compensation item users and non-users in US firms . 69 Appendix 7. TSR differences across compensation item users and non-users in US firms . 70 Appendix 8. Fixed effects estimates with ROA as dependent variable in the context of US firms . 71 Appendix 9. Fixed effects estimates with ROE as dependent variable in the context of US firms . 72 Appendix 10. Fixed effects estimates with TSR as dependent variable in the context of US firms . 73 Appendix 11. Quantile regression estimates with ROA as dependent variable in the context of US firms . 74 Appendix 12. Quantile regression estimates with ROE as dependent variable in the context of US firms . 75 Appendix 13. Quantile regression estimates with TSR as dependent variable in the context of US firms . 76
Glycemic Outcomes of Cinnamon

Introduction: Cinnamon is currently marketed as a remedy for obesity, glucose intolerance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Integrative medicine is a new concept that combines conventional treatment with evidence-based complementary therapies. Aim: The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the experimental evidence available for cinnamon in improving glycaemic targets in animal models and humans. Results: Insulin receptor auto-phosphorlylation and de-phosphorylation, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4 ) receptor synthesis and translocation, modulation of hepatic glucose metabolism through changes in Pyruvate kinase (PK) and Phosphenol Pyruvate Carboxikinase (PEPCK), altering the expression of PPAR (γ) and inhibition of intestinal glucosidases are some of the mechanisms responsible for improving glycaemic control with cinnamon therapy. We reviewed 8 clinical trials that used Cinnamomum cassia in aqueous or powder form in doses ranging from 500 mg to 6 g per day for a duration lasting from 40 days to 4 months as well as 2 clinical trials that used cinnamon on treatment naïve patients with pre-diabetes. An improvement in glycaemic control was seen in patients who received Cinnamon as the sole therapy for diabetes, those with pre-diabetes (IFG or IGT) and in those with high pre-treatment HbA1c. In animal models, cinnamon reduced fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and HbA1c. Conclusion: Cinnamon has the potential to be a useful add-on therapy in the discipline of integrative medicine in managing type 2 diabetes. At present the evidence is inconclusive and long-term trials aiming to establish the efficacy and safety of cinnamon is needed. However, high coumarin content of Cinnamomum cassia is a concern, but Cinnamomum zeylanicum with its low coumarin content would be a safer alternate.
Extending Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem to Dynamic Matching in Mobility Markets

In mobility markets – especially vehicle for hire markets – drivers offer individual transportation by car to customers. Drivers individually decide where to go to pick up customers to increase their own utilization (probability of carrying a customer) and utility (proﬁt). The utility drivers retrieve from customers comprises both costs of driving to another location and the revenue from carrying a customer and is thus not shared between different drivers. In this thesis, I present the Vehicle for Hire Problem (VFHP) as a generalization of the Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem (KPRP) to evaluate different strategies for drivers in vehicle for hire markets. The KPRP is a multi-round game model presented by Chakrabarti et al. (2009) in which daily laborers constitute agents and restaurants constitute resources. All agents decide simultaneously, but independently where to eat. Every restaurant can cater only one agent and agents cannot divert to other resources if their ﬁrst choice is overcrowded. The number of agents equals the number of resources. Also, there is a ranking of restaurants all agents agree upon, and no two resources yield the same utility. The VFHP relaxes assumptions on capacity and utility: Resources (customers) are grouped in districts, agents (drivers) can redirect to other resources in the same district. As the distance between agent and resource reduces the agent’s utility and the location is not identical for all agents, the utility of a given resource is not identical for all agents. To study the impact of the different assumptions, I build four different model variants: Individual Preferences (IP) replaces the shared utility of the KPRP with uniformly distributed utilities per agent. The Mixed Preferences (MP) model variant uses the utility assumption of the VFHP, but the capacity of all districts remains 1. The Individual Preferences with Multiple Customers per District (IPMC) model variant groups customers in districts, and uses the uniform utilities introduced in the IP model variant. Mixed Preferences and Multiple Customers per District (MPMC) implements all assumptions of the VHFP. In this thesis, I study different strategies for the KPRP and all variants of the VFHP to build a foundation for an incentive scheme for dynamic matching in mobility markets. The strategies comprise history-dependent and utility-dependent strategies. In history-dependent strategies, agents incorporate their previous decisions and the utilization of resources in previous iterations in their decision. Agents adapting utility-dependent strategies choose the resource offering the highest utility with a given probability.