Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-term residual effects of various amendments on organic C and N, and available nutrients in soil under organic crop production

Two 3-year (2008-2010, wheat-pea-barley) field experiments were conducted on certified organic farms near Spalding (Dark Brown Chernozem-Typic Haploboroll) and Star City (Gray Luvisol-Typic Haplocryalf) in northeastern Sas-katchewan, Canada, to determine the residual effects of compost, alfalfa pellets, wood ash, rock phosphate, Penicillium bilaiae, gypsum and MykePro on organic C and N (total organic C [TOC], total organic N [TON], light fraction organic C [LFOC], light fraction organic N [LFON]) and mineralizable N (Nmin) in the 0 - 15 cm soil layer, and ammonium-N, nitrate-N, extractable P, exchangeable K and sulphate-S in the 0 - 15, 15 - 30 and 30 - 60 cm soil layers in autumn 2010. Compared to the unamended control, mass of TOC, TON, LFOC and LFON increased with compost and alfalfa pellets in both soils. However, the increases were much more pronounced for LFOC (by 125% - 133%) or LFON (by 102% - 103%) than TOC (by 19% - 29%) or TON (by 25% - 40%). The Nmin also increased in these two treatments compared to the control, but the increases were much smaller for compost than alfalfa pellets. In general, residual nitrate-N increased with increasing rate of compost and alfalfa pellets in the 0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm layers in both soils. Extractable P increased with compost and exchangeable K with alfalfa pellets, but only in the 0 - 15 cm soil layer. Sulphate-S increased with compost, but mainly in the 30 - 60 cm soil layer. Soil pH usually increased with compost and more so with wood ash, but no effect of any amendment on ammonium-N. Overall, the quantity of organic C and N, and available nutrients in soil increased with compost and/or alfalfa pellets, but the magnitude varied with amendment and/or soil type. In conclusion, our findings suggest that soil quality and fertility can be improved with these organic amendments, suggesting sustainability of production from organic crops.
Running head : Entrepreneurs ’ health Health of Entrepreneurs vs . Employees in a National Representative Sample

Prior research has found entrepreneurs to experience significantly higher job control and job demands compared with employees. This suggests that entrepreneurs have so-called active jobs and thus may benefit from positive health consequences. The present research compared entrepreneurs' health with employees' health in a national representative sample with regard to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10) diagnoses of somatic diseases, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses of mental disorders, blood pressure, well-being (life-satisfaction) as well as behavioural health indicators (sick days, physician visits). Entrepreneurs showed significantly lower overall somatic and mental morbidity, lower blood pressure, lower prevalence rates of hypertension, and somatoform disorders, as well as higher well-being and more favourable behavioural health indicators. The results are discussed with regard to the active job hypothesis and recommendations for future research are provided.
Characterization of Cu 3 SbS 3 thin films grown by thermally diffusing Cu 2 S and Sb 2 S 3 layers

Copper antimony sulphide (Cu3SbS3) with a p-type conductivity and optical band gaps in the range of 1.38 to 1.84 eV is considered to be a promising solar harvesting material with non-toxic and economical elements. In this study, we reported the fabrication of Cu3SbS3 thin films using successive thermal evaporation of Cu2S and Sb2S3 layers followed by annealing in an argon atmosphere at a temperature range of 300-375°C. The structural and optical properties of the asdeposited and annealed films were investigated. The annealed films notably show the crystalline phase of the Cu3SbS3, identified from the X-ray diffraction analysis and endorsed by the Raman analysis as well. Whereas their chemical state of the constituent elements was characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The measured highest resistivity of the annealed film was found to be ~0.2 Ω-cm. Hence, our obtained results for the fabricated Cu3SbS3 thin films bring to light that Cu3SbS3would be a good absorber layer in solar cells due to their low resistivity, a higher value of the optical absorption coefficient (~10 cm), the low transmittance (<5%) and an optical direct band gap of 1.6 eV in the visible range of the solar spectrum.
Australasian ( ACIS ) 1231-2002 World Wide Web Diffusion Among Indonesian Bank Employees : a case of international research in information systems

This paper investigates the roles of formal and informal networks and perceived compatibility with task/ work in World Wide Web (WWW) diffusion among Indonesian bank employees. In doing so the paper also provides insights into various factors that influence the international information system research processes. It is anticipated that these factors (or some variations) will be important determinants of the success of any international IS research. A structural equation model is first developed based on an extensive literature review for the WWW diffusion. Data is collected via a questionnaire based survey in Indonesian banks following the process of international IS research. The results show that the informal network and compatibility are significant factors of WWW diffusion among the Indonesian banking employees, but the formal network is not. Possible explanations of the results are provided from cultural perspectives.
Peak Isokinetic Torques of Football Players Participating in Different Levels in Cyprus and Lower Limb Asymmetries

BACKGROUND: Lower body strength is considered to be a critical component towards successful exercise performance in football players. The aim of this study was to describe the peak isokinetic torque of the knee in professional football players of different League divisions in Cyprus and assess bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of strength. METHODS: Four hundred and twenty-nine professional male football players participated in this study (Division 1, n = 245 and Division 2, n = 184). The isokinetic muscle function of the knee was measured using the Humac Norm Testing and Rehabilitation system (CSMi Medical & Solution, USA). Measurements were collected at angle speeds of 60 °/sec and 300 °/sec, for 3 and 25repetitions respectively. RESULTS: At both angle speeds, peak isokinetic torque of the knee joint was significantly higher in the right and left knees of players in Division 1 (D1) compared to those competing in Division 2 (D2). At both testing speeds, peak flexor torque of the left hamstrings was significantly higher in players participating in Division 1 compared to those competing in Division 2. The right hamstrings yielded similar results, except at 60 °/sec, where no difference was found between the groups. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable data regarding the forces produced by the lower body of football players participating in D1 and D2 in Cyprus, whilst also disclosing there to be no bilateral imbalances or abnormal H/Q ratios. The results of this study may provide pertinent information that can be used by the coaching staff for training and recruiting purposes.
Characterization of polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber from far field measurements

The development of theoretical and experimental method for the characterization of Polarization Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber (PM PCF) from far filed intensity measurements has been reported. To maintain the polarization in PCF different air hole diameter along orthogonal axes adjacent to the core region has been introduced. This helps in creating an effective index difference between the two orthogonal polarization modes. It is shown that air hole spacing (Λ), air hole diameter (d) and effective cladding index differences of PM-PCF can also be obtained from its far field measurements.
From the Variscan to the Alpine Orogeny: crustal structure of the Bohemian Massif and the Western Carpathians in the light of the SUDETES 2003 seismic data

SUMMARY The Variscan orogeny is the major Middle to Late Palaeozoic tectonometamorphic event in central Europe, and the Bohemian Massif is the largest exposure of rocks deformed during this orogeny. The Bohemian Massif consists of the Saxothuringian, Barrandian and Moldanubian units. Adjacent to this massif in the southeast, the Western Carpathians form an arc-shaped mountain range related to the Alpine orogeny during the Cretaceous to Tertiary. The complex crustal-scale geological structure of the Variscan Bohemian Massif and the Western Carpathians, and especially their contact, were analysed in this study employing the data of the SUDETES 2003 international seismic refraction experiment. The analysed seismic data were acquired along the 740 km long, NW–SE oriented S04 profile that crossed the Bohemian Massif and the Western Carpathians before terminating in the Pannonian Basin. The data were interpreted by 2-D trial-and-error forward modelling of P waves, and additional constraints on crustal structure were provided by gravity modelling. The complex velocity structure derived in our analysis included low velocities of 5.85 km s−1 at the contact of the Saxothuringian and Barrandian units that reflect the presence of low-density granites. There are distinct lateral variations in deep crustal structure in the transition between the Bohemian Massif and the Western Carpathians. The abrupt change of the crustal thickness in this transition zone may be associated with the Pieniny Klippen Belt, a deep-seated boundary between the colliding Palaeozoic lithospheric plate to the north and the ALCAPA microplate to the south. In the upper crust of this transition, low velocities of 4 km s−1 extend to 6 km and represent the sedimentary fill of the Carpathian Flysch and Foredeep that thins towards the foreland. This basin is also expressed as a pronounced gravity low. The Moho in the Carpathians reaches a depth of 32–33 km. In contrast, in the Pannonian Basin the Moho rises to a depth of 25 km, which corresponds to the Pannonian gravity high.
Total Hip and Knee Replacement in Eastern Libya: A Post-Conflict Case Series

Background : Total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) are effective procedures for alleviating pain and improving hip and knee function. Literature has not covered the experience of developing countries with arthroplasty – especially in an unstable post-conflict setting. Methods : Patient records were obtained from a major surgical center in Benghazi where total joint arthroplasties (TJA) are performed for a period of twenty months and key parameters were analyzed. The patients were followed up on an outpatient basis at regular time intervals (one week, one month, three months and six months) and any complications were documented. Results : A total of 135 total knee (81.5%, n=110) and total hip (18.5%, n=25) replacements were done in Benghazi mostly on elderly (mean age=60.2 years) females (72.2%, n=100). The most common causative pathology in both groups was osteoarthritis (80.6%, n=108). The most common complication was superficial infection (4.4%, n=6) by Staph aureus . The Harris Hip Score and Knee Society Score were used to determine the functional outcomes of THR and TKR respectively – both showing high values. The Short form 36 (SF36) health survey was carried out to assess the patients' satisfaction levels. For all the axes, the obtained score was over 80%. Discussions : THR and TKR are major orthopedic surgeries that constitute an advancement in the treatment of chronic joint pain. Most of the demographic features of our patients match up well with previous literature – with certain exceptions. There was no difference in thromboembolic incidence between the group of patients who received LMWH and those who simply started early mobilization and physiotherapy. Despite a number of hindrances faced by the hospital due to the conflict (i.e. funding limitations and drug shortages), a low rate of complications was maintained. No thromboembolic incidents or mortalities occurred. Conclusions : Libyan surgeons have had a good experience with TJA and patients have been satisfied with the outcomes.
Comment on 'the Value of Tax Shields is Not Equal to the Present Value of Tax Shields', Including an Arbitrage Opportunity

In a recent paper, Pablo Fernandez (2002) makes the unusual and paradoxical sounding claim that for cash flows in perpetuity with a constant growth rate g, the value of the tax shields VTS is NOT equal to the present value of the tax shields. To be specific, Fernandez purportedly shows that the formula for the present value of the tax shields is as follows. VTS = TDKu/(Ku - g) Where Ku is the return to unlevered equity, g is the constant growth rate, T is the tax rate and D is the market value of debt. Fernandez (2002) asserts that the value of the tax shield, as given in equation, should be properly interpreted as the difference in the taxes paid by the unlevered and levered firms, where the taxes have different risk profiles. Let VTxU be the present value of the taxes paid by the unlevered firm, discounted by KTxU, which is the appropriate risk-adjusted discount, and let VTxL be the present value of the taxes paid by the levered firm, discounted by KTxL, which is the appropriate risk-adjusted discount. In this note, we assess the validity of the proposed expression for the value of the tax shield. The note is organized is as follows. In Section One, we review and discuss the assumptions underlying the model that Fernandez uses to derive equation 1. In Section Two, we examine critically the derivation of equation 1 and its general relevance and applicability.
Role of Oxidants and Anti Oxidants in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

Over the last two decades, it has become increasingly clear that reactive oxygen species (ROS), including free radicals are involved in cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the clinical implications of these oxidants. The ROS are common by-products of many oxidative biochemical and physiological processes. Therefore the present study was carried out to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and status of superoxide dismutase in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Total 185 patients of both sexes were included in the study and further classified into 3 groups as hypertensive, Ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease/stroke. The 60 healthy subjects who were not on any kind of prescribed medication or dietary restrictions were included in the control group. MDA is estimated as a marker of lipid peroxidation, levels were significantly increased in all groups than controls (p＜0.001). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities was significantly lower in all groups than control (p＜0.001), GPX levels were decreased in all groups except hypertension (p＜0.001), NO level were decreased in all the groups except cerebro vascular disease / stroke when compared to the control. Significantly lower level of total antioxidant capacity and prominent scavenger of superoxide anion radicals suggests that failure of antioxidant defense mechanism against oxidative stress may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
How to be arboreal and diurnal and still stay alive: microhabitat use, time of activity, and defense in neotropical forest snakes

Abstract Previous studies indicate that (1) defensive displays are associated with habitat use in snakes, (2) visual defenses correlate better with habitat than with phylogeny, and (3) arboreal snakes are more exposed to predators than terrestrial species. We hypothesize that similar patterns exist for diurnal versus nocturnal snakes, and test these hypotheses against the occurrence of 13 defense types directed to visually oriented predators in 92 colubrids from two Neotropical assemblages, one from central Amazonia (26 genera, 41 species) and another from the Atlantic Forest (23 genera, 62 species). Arboreal species and genera displayed more visual defensive tactics than terrestrial ones. Frontal display, gaping, gular inflation, head elevation, neck S-coil, and, apparently, head triangulation, tended to be more frequent in arboreal species, whereas dorsoventral body depression and, apparently, polymorphism, were more frequent in terrestrial ones. Peculiarities of the arboreal microhabitat, such as the prevalence of a green background, a likely higher exposition to predators, and the variety of directions from which a predator would approach may have led to the evolution of peculiar visual defensive tactics in arboreal species. With regard to time of activity, the number of visual defensive tactics was not different between diurnal and nocturnal species or genera. However, frontal display, gaping, gular inflation, and crypsis were prevalent in diurnal snakes, whereas mimicry and, apparently, head triangulation were more frequent in nocturnal forms. Furthermore, green was significantly more frequent in diurnal species, whereas contrasting color patterns were more frequent in nocturnal species. A cluster analysis based on the occurrence of visual defenses resulted mostly in heterogeneous groups of genera regarding phylogenetic position (clade), preferred microhabitat and time of activity. In general, our analyses indicate that the way Neotropical snakes defend themselves from predators results from a complex interaction between ecological factors and phylogenetic constraints.
Associations Between Initial Presentation of Multiple Myeloma and Renal Function: the Experience of Two European Centers

Background: This study aimed to describe the baseline renal, histopathological and hematological characteristics and any clinical or biochemical associations of patients with a first coded diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM). The incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and association with mortality were also investigated. Methods: A retrospective case review was performed to identify 287 MM patients from two European centers. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 2.0 and SAS version 9.2. Results: MM patients referred to renal centers were more likely to be elderly and male. The most common form of renal impairment was acute kidney injury (AKI). The most common paraprotein-associated lesions were myeloma cast nephropathy (MCN, 51%), light chain deposition disease (17%) and AL-amyloidosis (9.4%). MM with AKI was found to be a more aggressive disease, being associated with worse hematological features and increased risk of short-term death. Of the AKI patients requiring RRT, 80% required it at presentation. There was no increased risk of death in the RRT requiring vs. non-RRT requiring cohort. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) may predispose to renal damage and may increase likelihood of AKI in context of MM. Conclusion: MM-related renal failure is a medical emergency with the need for rapid diagnosis and prompt supportive care, RRT and MM-directed therapy. J Hematol. 2016;5(1):8-16 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14740/jh229w
Probing thermonuclear supernova explosions with neutrinos

Aims: We present neutrino light curves and energy spectra for two representative type Ia supernova explosion models: a pure deflagration and a delayed detonation. Methods: We calculate the neutrino flux from $\beta$ processes using nuclear statistical equilibrium abundances convoluted with approximate neutrino spectra of the individual nuclei and the thermal neutrino spectrum (pair+plasma). Results: Although the two considered thermonuclear supernova explosion scenarios are expected to produce almost identical electromagnetic output, their neutrino signatures appear vastly different, which allow an unambiguous identification of the explosion mechanism: a pure deflagration produces a single peak in the neutrino light curve, while the addition of the second maximum characterizes a delayed-detonation. We identified the following main contributors to the neutrino signal: (1) weak electron neutrino emission from electron captures (in particular on the protons Co55 and Ni56) and numerous beta-active nuclei produced by the thermonuclear flame and/or detonation front, (2) electron antineutrinos from positron captures on neutrons, and (3) the thermal emission from pair annihilation. We estimate that a pure deflagration supernova explosion at a distance of 1 kpc would trigger about 14 events in the future 50 kt liquid scintillator detector and some 19 events in a 0.5 Mt water Cherenkov-type detector. Conclusions: While in contrast to core-collapse supernovae neutrinos carry only a very small fraction of the energy produced in the thermonuclear supernova explosion, the SN Ia neutrino signal provides information that allows us to unambiguously distinguish between different possible explosion scenarios. These studies will become feasible with the next generation of proposed neutrino observatories.
Genuine multipartite entanglement detection and lower bound of multipartite concurrence

The problems of genuine multipartite entanglement detection and classification are challenging. We show that a multipartite quantum state is genuine multipartite entangled if the multipartite concurrence is larger than certain quantities given by the number and the dimension of the subsystems. This result also provides a classification of various genuine multipartite entanglement. Then, we present a lower bound of the multipartite concurrence in terms of bipartite concurrences. While various operational approaches are available for providing lower bounds of bipartite concurrences, our results give an effective operational way to detect and classify the genuine multipartite entanglement. As applications, the genuine multipartite entanglement of tripartite systems is analyzed in detail.
The Impact of Inventory Inaccuracy in the Food Manufacturing Industry: A Case Study

Inventory is one of the most important assets of an organization. In many industries, recorded inventory does not always match physical inventory. Inventory inaccuracy can negatively impact an organization’s financial strength, customer satisfaction, and competitive advantage. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of inventory inaccuracy in the food manufacturing industry. Data collection was conducted by observing the inventory management process and interviewing inventory management associates at food manufacturing plants in Pennsylvania, United States. Our findings suggest there are multiple departments involved in the inventory management process, and the causes of inventory inaccuracy can occur at various stages during processes such as receiving, the material usage recording process, and cycle counting. As a result, inventory inaccuracy impacts an organization’s resources and performance in terms of time, cost, and risk. The participants in this study also offered their perspectives to minimize inventory inaccuracy; some suggestions include proper training, clear procedures, increasing the accountability of associates, clear cycle count scheduling, and investing in an efficient system.