Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIHYDROURACIL AS A GROWTH FACTOR FOR MUTANT STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

Growth support of a mutant strain of Escherichia coli by the pyrimidine dihydrouracil has been reported (Slotnick, 1956). Although this organism does not grow in minimal medium containing one of a large variety of naturally occurring pyrimidine bases, nucleosides or nucleotides, it was termed a "pyrimidineless" mutant because of its response to dihydrouracil. Further investigation has revealed that ,3ureidopropionic acid, ,B-alanine and pantothenic acid can also serve as growth factors in addition to dihydrouracil, and that dihydrouracil is not a precursor of the nucleic acid pyrimidines of this organism. Furthermore, it has been observed that two other mutant strains of E. coli originally characterized as requiring fl-alanine or pantothenic acid for growth can also utilize dihydrouracil and ,B-ureidopropionic acid.
Some Recent Publications on Ancient Warships

This paper comments on some recent publications concerning ‘liburnians’ and other ancient warships, which the author considers misleading. Most of the passages considered here have to do with the number embodied in the name of an ancient warship or used in its description—did it indicate the number of files of oarsmen in that type of ship, or the number on each side. It makes a great difference in the case of triremes of the Classical era. Were they sizeable ships with six files of oarsmen at three different levels, or smaller, lighter and faster craft with only three files of oarsmen, perhaps the arrangement shown on the Athenian ‘Siren Vase’ (Tilley, 2007: figs 3–4) or perhaps in some other way.
Regional myocardial oxygen tension: 19F MRI of sequestered perfluorocarbon

A novel noninvasive method of measuring local myocardial oxygen tension (pO2) In the perfused rat heart using 19F MRI is demonstrated. Tissue pO2 was determined on the basis of the 19F spin‐lattice relaxation rate (R1) of perflubron (perfluorooctyl bromide) sequestered in the heart after IV infusion of an emulsion. Spectroscopic measurement of R1 was previously used to measure a global weighted average of oxygen status. 19F MRI now provides 3D spatial resolution indicating local cardiac pO2 under normally perfused, globally ischemic, and regionally ischemic conditions.
Increased expression of integrin beta1 is a poor prognostic factor in small-cell lung cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between the expression of integrin beta1 and response to chemotherapy and survival in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). One-hundred and four patients with SCLC, who had received an initial course of chemotherapy between February 1989 and July 1999, were entered into the study. There were 91 males and 13 females, with a median age of 65 years (range 40-85 years). The clinical stage of the tumors was recorded as limited disease in 43 patients and extensive disease in 61. Each patient received a full-dose of combination chemotherapy. Transbroncheal biopsy specimens of tumors obtained before chemotherapy were subjected to immunostaining for integrin beta1. Twenty-nine patients could not be evaluated for integrin beta1 immunostaining, because the tissue samples had been crushed during the biopsy procedure. Fifty-three patients had tumors with < or = 25% integrin beta1-positive cells and 22 patients had tumor with > 25% integrin beta1-positive cells. Among 75 patients whose biopsy specimens were evaluable for integrin beta1, the overall response rate to chemotherapy was 87%. When the relationship between integrin beta1 expression and tumor response to chemotherapy was considered, 17 out of 22 patients with high expression of integrin beta1 and 48 out of 53 patients with low expression of integrin beta1 showed tumor response, although the resistance rate in patients with high expression of integrin beta1 was over twice that of patients with low expression of integrin beta1 (23% vs. 9%, respectively). By comparison, the overall survival of patients with high expression of integrin beta1 (n = 22) was significantly worse than that of individuals whose tumors had low expression of integrin beta1 (n = 53; log-rank test, p=0.043; Wilcoxon test, p=0.049). The association between survival and prognostic factors was examined by multivariate regression analysis; clinical stage and integrin beta1 were found to be independent factors (p = 0.018 andp = 0.041, respectively). In conclusion, the high expression of integrin beta1 in tumor cells is a poorprognostic factor in patients with SCLC.
Serum Magnesium and Dyslipidemia in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Hypomagnesaemia is a common feature in patients with type-2 diabetes. It may be a cause or consequence of diabetes. This study was designed to find out the serum magnesium levels and its influence on serum lipids, in type 2 diabetics and how it is associated with the duration & complication of the disease. 45 known diabetic patients and 25 controls were taken for the study in and around Puducherry. The mean length of time the patients were diagnosed as diabetics were, 7.28 (± 2.1) years. This period was taken as the duration of disease. The serum magnesium and HDLc were significantly lowered (p<0.001) and all other lipid profile levels (TG, TCh, LDLc, VLDLc) were significantly higher (p<0.001) in cases. Our correlation study revealed a significant negative association between Serum Magnesium (Mg) and fasting plasma glucose and duration of the disease expressing its role in complication processes. Serum Mg also depicted significant negative relation with TG and VLDLc (r= -0.519,r = -0.518) and positive relation with serum HDLc (r =0.741), which explains associative evidence of its role in dyslipidemia. Our study substantiates the known importance of Mg supplementation in diabetics to prevent complications.
The Role of Shame in the Relation Between Peer Victimization and Mental Health Outcomes

Youth who experience peer victimization are at risk of developing mental health problems. However, little is known about the emotional causal mechanisms linking peer victimization with these negative outcomes. This study investigated whether shame mediated this relationship. At three time points (T1-T3), 396 10- to 13-year-olds completed measures of peer victimization, shame (characterological, bodily, and behavioral; shame proneness), and mental health (depression, social anxiety, and externalizing behavior). Three multiple mediation models tested the indirect effects of T1 victimization on T3 mental health through the four T2 shame-related variables. Analyses revealed indirect effects for the shame-related mediators on depression, social anxiety, and externalizing behaviors. Specifically, indirect positive effects for characterological and bodily shame on depression and social anxiety were found, with greater bodily shame linked to higher levels of social anxiety in girls but not boys. In addition, an indirect negative effect for behavioral shame on externalizing problems was found, with higher levels of externalizing problems in victimized boys but not in girls. Finally, an indirect positive effect for shame proneness and externalizing problems was found. To clarify the directionality, three additional mediation models were run with mental health symptoms as predictors of shame and subsequent victimization. Indirect effects for the shame-related mediators were found for all outcomes, specifically bodily shame and shame proneness as mediators between internalizing and externalizing symptoms and victimization. These three models were compared and contrasted with the hypothesized models. In sum, findings support the role of shame as an underlying emotional mechanism of peer victimization, and may guide intervention programs to address the mental health concerns of victimized youth.
Ethnicity, Aging, and Oral Health Outcomes: A Conceptual Framework

An expanded version of Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization is used as the theoretical and analytical framework for the International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes (ICS-II). The conceptual framework for understanding determinants of oral health is based on a "systems" perspective. The framework posits that characteristics of the external environment, the dental care delivery system, and the personal characteristics of the population influence oral health behaviors. The expanded behavioral model conceptualizes health behaviors (oral hygiene practices and dental services utilization) as intermediate dependent variables, which in turn influence oral health outcomes (evaluated, perceived, patient satisfaction). The framework is presented with an increased focus on the effects of race-ethnicity and age cohort, the major exogenous variables used in this study for systematic assessment of the differences in the multitude of factors influencing oral health. The framework can be applied by policy analysts and health services managers to help describe, predict, and explain population-based health behaviors and health outcomes.
Fetal and Neonatal Exposure to Nicotine Disrupts Postnatal Lung Development in Rats: Role of VEGF and Its Receptors

Many women are unable to quit smoking during pregnancy and therefore are prescribed drugs, including nicotine (nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]), to aid with smoking cessation. However, the consequences to the offspring of pregnant NRT users have not been well studied. The goals of this study were to determine the consequences of fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine on lung development and function. Female rats were exposed to nicotine for 2 weeks prior to mating until weaning. Lungs were collected from saline and nicotine-treated rats from birth to adulthood to assess postnatal lung structure and function. Although nicotine exposure altered alveolarization at weaning, an effect that resolved by adulthood, it did not affect lung function at any of the ages investigated. However, nicotine exposure significantly decreased lung vascularization. The current study suggests that perinatal exposure to nicotine alters lung development, an effect which may be mediated via decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling.
REPAIR OF MAJOR CRANIO‐ORBITAL DEFECTS WITH AN ELASTOMER‐COATED MESH AND AUTOGENOUS BONE PASTE

We present a method for repairing defects in the craniofacial region in which an elastomer-coated mesh is used as a template with bone paste. The method was developed by animal experimentation first, and then successfully used in the maxillofacial and mandibular regions. We have used this method to repair 16 craniofacial defects with satisfactory results, and complications have been kept to a minimum.
Induction of unusual pancreatic neoplasms, with morphologic similarity to human tumors, and evidence for their ductal/ductular cell origin

A variety of pancreatic neoplasms, including giant cell, poorly differentiated or other unusual types, some morphologically similar to those observed in humans were induced in Syrian hamsters. Unclassified or anaplastic forms were also noted in the hamster. The finding of a blood group A‐like antigen, which is produced by normal pancreatic ductal and ductular cells, in all of these induced tumors, but none in acinar, insular, and mesenchymal cells, suggests their ductal/ductular cell origin.
Clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions with psychoactive drugs: antidepressants and antipsychotics and the cytochrome P450 system

Psychotherapeutic drugs (antipsychotics and antidepressants) are widely used for treating anxiety. Many psychotherapeutic drugs are metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19 and CYP2D6, and are often administered with other drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful when coadministering psychotherapeutic drugs whose metabolism might be inhibited by other drugs. In particular, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit the metabolism of psychotherapeutic drugs mediated by CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. It is useful to phenotype CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 (extensive metabolizers or poor metabolizers) before giving such medication.
A Study of Auricle Morphology for Identification in

Background: External ear is a significant feature for human face identification. Its size, shape and spatial location on human face are vital from aesthetic point of view. The knowledge of morphometry of normal human auricle and its symmetry is also required for the surgical resection. Aim: The aim of the current study was to estimate the morphometry of external ear and its anatomical landmarks with respect of identification. Methods: In the current, morphometric, cross sectional study was done on 400 Indian students (males = 200 and females = 200) of Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre.The parameters was analysed by using camera and adobe Photoshop software (version 7.0). The data was statistically analyzed by using student’s t test. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In our cohort, all parameters were higher in males except left lobular width, which was higher in females. The mean observation of the right and left ear length of males were 4.61± 0.41 cm, 4.54± 0.44 cm respectively, while in females were 3.68± 0.42 cm, 3.67±0.54 cm respectively. The mean value of the right and left ear width of males were 3.17±0.37 cm, 3.03±0.47 cm respectively, and while in females 2.57 ± 0.32 cm, 2.55±0.41 cm respectively. The mean value of the left right and left lobular length of males were 1.56±0.12 cm, 1.50± 0.19 cm and in females were 1.09± 0.13 cm, 1.08±0.13 cm respectively. The mean values of the right and left lobular width of males were 1.58± 0.26 cm, 1.51± 0.37 cm and in females were 1.53± 0.35 cm, 1.53±0.35 cm respectively. Free lobule = 88.5% and the attach lobule = 11.5% respectively. Conclusion: This study makes possible the identification of an individual such as race, sex and age whose identity is unknown. Medico legally it is considerable parameter for forensic investigation to optimize the crime.
A mid-infrared spectroscopic atlas of local active galactic nuclei on sub-arcsecond resolution using GTC/CanariCam

AA-H acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the 2011 Severo Ochoa Programme MINECO SEV-2011-0187. AA-H and AH-C acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through grant AYA2012-31447, which is party funded by the FEDER programme, PE from grant AYA2012-31277, and LC from grant AYA2012-32295. CRA acknowledges financial support from the Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (PIEF-GA-2012-327934). T.D-S. acknowledges support from ALMA-CONICYT project 31130005 and FONDECYT 1151239.
Light Regulation of the Arabidopsis Respiratory Chain. Multiple Discrete Photoreceptor Responses Contribute to Induction of Type II NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase Genes1

Controlled oxidation reactions catalyzed by the large, proton-pumping complexes of the respiratory chain generate an electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane that is harnessed for ATP production. However, several alternative respiratory pathways in plants allow the maintenance of substrate oxidation while minimizing the production of ATP. We have investigated the role of light in the regulation of these energy-dissipating pathways by transcriptional profiling of the alternative oxidase, uncoupling protein, and type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase gene families in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. Expression of the nda1 and ndc1 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase genes was rapidly up-regulated by a broad range of light intensities and qualities. For both genes, light induction appears to be a direct transcriptional effect that is independent of carbon status. Mutant analyses demonstrated the involvement of two separate photoreceptor families in nda1 and ndc1 light regulation: the phytochromes (phyA and phyB) and an undetermined blue light photoreceptor. In the case of the nda1 gene, the different photoreceptor systems generate distinct kinetic induction profiles that are integrated in white light response. Primary transcriptional control of light response was localized to a 99-bp region of the nda1 promoter, which contains an I-box flanked by two GT-1 elements, an arrangement prevalent in the promoters of photosynthesis-associated genes. Light induction was specific to nda1 and ndc1. The only other substantial light effect observed was a decrease in aox2 expression. Overall, these results suggest that light directly influences the respiratory electron transport chain via photoreceptor-mediated transcriptional control, likely for supporting photosynthetic metabolism.
Vibrio Alginolyticus: An Emerging Pathogen of Foodborne Diseases

Vibrio alginolyticus is a natural host of estuarine and coastal waters as well as seafood and cannot be eradicated in these niches. This bacterium capable of carrying the pathogenic gene trh is a threat to public health. There are, however, despite the increased complexity related to the particular ecology of these bacteria, many ways to prevent these infections from the harvest site to the consumer's plate without forgetting bathing waters that can cause serious septicemia. The identification of these risks can not be sure without a molecular characterization of virulence genes.
Sperm selection for ICSI: shape properties do not predict the absence or presence of numerical chromosomal aberrations.

BACKGROUND We hypothesize that the potential relationship between abnormal sperm morphology and increased frequency of numerical chromosomal aberrations is based on two attributes of diminished sperm maturity: (i) cytoplasmic retention and consequential sperm shape abnormalities; and (ii) meiotic errors caused by low levels of the HspA2 chaperone, a component of the synaptonemal complex. Because sperm morphology and aneuploidies were assessed in semen, but not in the same spermatozoa, previous studies addressing this relationship were inconclusive. We recently demonstrated that sperm shape is preserved following fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Thus, we examined the shape and chromosomal aberrations in the same sperm. METHODS We performed phase contrast microscopy and FISH, using centromeric probes for chromosomes X, Y, 10, 11 and 17 in 15 men. The fluorescence and respective phase contrast images were digitized using the Metamorph program. We studied 1286 sperm (256 disomic, 130 diploid and 900 haploid sperm) by three criteria: head and tail dimensions, head shape and Kruger strict morphology. Furthermore, in each analysis, we considered whether disomic or diploid sperm may be distinguished from haploid sperm. RESULTS There was an overall, but not discriminative, relationship between abnormal sperm dimensions or shape and increased frequencies of numerical chromosomal aberrations. However, approximately 68 of the 256 disomic, and four of 130 diploid sperm showed head and tail dimensions comparable with the most normal, lowest tertile of the 900 haploid spermatozoa. Considering all 1286 sperm, among those with the most regular, symmetrical shape (n = 367), there were 63 and five with disomic and diploid nuclei, respectively. In line with these findings, among the 256 disomic sperm, 10% were Kruger normal. CONCLUSIONS Sperm dimensions or shape are not reliable attributes in selection of haploid sperm for ICSI.
Household Size and the Demand for Food: A Puzzle Resolved?

When household size increases at constant per-capita income, the presence of intrahousehold public goods should free resources that may be directed towards private, as well as public goods. In poor countries, the expectation has been that some freed resources will flow toward food, yielding a positive relationship between food expenditures and household size at constant per-capita income. Deaton-Paxson (1998) use a standard theoretical model to generate this prediction, but then find precisely the opposite pattern in a very thorough empirical analysis across both poor and rich countries. This contradiction has become known as the Deaton-Paxson puzzle. We demonstrate that the conditions upon which their theoretical prediction is based do not survive in a generalized model. Moreover, the generalized model generates a prediction completely consistent with the empirical evidence. The “puzzle” is therefore an artifact of an overly restrictive theoretical construct.
DIGLOSSIA AND MULTILINGUALISM - ISSUES IN LANGUAGE CONTACT AND LANGUAGE SHIFT IN THE CASE OF HONG KONG PRE AND POST- 1997.

This paper looks at patterns of language use in Hong Kong around the time of the end of colonial rule by Britain in 1997 to identify some of the issues arising in that context from language contact and language shift. Two different models used in the study of multilingualism or bilingualism will be discussed – language use reflecting function or status (diglossia) and overlapping language forms reflecting linguistic constraints (code-switching). The changes in language use and form in Hong Kong are seen to be more dynamic than traditional models of diglossia or code-switching suggest, which may partly indicate the special history of language contact in Hong Kong, but also may indicate the need for more flexible models of multilingualism.
Hepatitis C virus infection in the general population: A community‐based study in West Bengal, India

Limited information is available about the prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the general population of India. A community‐based epidemiologic study was carried out in a district in West Bengal, India. By a 1:3 sampling method, 3,579 individuals were preselected from 10,737 inhabitants of 9 villages of the district, of whom 2,973 (83.1%) agreed to participate. Twenty‐six subjects (0.87%) were HCV antibody positive. The prevalence increased from 0.31% in subjects <10 years of age to 1.85% in those ≥60 years. No difference in prevalence between men and women was observed. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated in 30.8% (8 of 26) of anti‐HCV‐positive subjects compared with 3.2% (94 of 2,947) anti‐HCV‐negative subjects (P < .001). HCV RNA was detectable in 80.8% (95% CI, 65.6%‐95.91%) of the anti‐HCV‐positive subjects by reverse transcription‐primed polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The participants were HCV types 1b in 2 (9.5%), 3a in 8 (38.1%), 3b in 6 (28.6%), and unclassified in 5 (23.8%). Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis assigned the unclassified type to genotype 3e. In conclusion, this study provides general population‐based estimates of HCV prevalence, including genotypes, from a South Asian country. Although the prevalence of HCV infection in this population was lower than that reported from industrialized countries of the west, the total reservoir of infection is significant and calls for public health measures, including health education to limit the magnitude of the problem. (Hepatology 2003;37:802‐809.)