Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specific behavioral comorbidity in a large sample of children with functional incontinence: Report of 1,001 cases

Psychological comorbidity among children with functional incontinence is high: 20–30% of children with nocturnal enuresis (NE), 20–40% of those with daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) and 30–50% of those with fecal incontinence (FI) have clinically relevant comorbid disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze specific comorbid behavioral symptoms for different subtypes of incontinence in a large group of children.
Cannabis Use is Not Associated With the Development of Psychosis in an ‘Ultra’ High-Risk Group

Background: The association between cannabis use and the development of a first psychotic episode was studied in a group of 100 young people identified as being at very high risk for the onset of psychosis. Method: The ‘ultra’ high risk cohort was identified by the presence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms, or a combination of first-degree relative with a psychotic disorder and recent functional decline. Thirty-two per cent of the cohort developed an acute psychotic episode over the 12-month period after recruitment. As a component of a larger research study, the level of cannabis use by participants in the year prior to enrolment in the study was assessed at intake. Results: Cannabis use or dependence in the year prior to recruitment to this study was not associated with a heightened risk of developing psychosis over the following 12-month period and therefore did not appear to contribute to the onset of a psychotic disorder. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that cannabis use may not play an integral role in the development of psychosis in a high-risk group. While this study does not support a role for cannabis in the development of first-episode psychosis, we cannot conclude that cannabis use should be completely ignored as a candidate risk factor for onset of psychosis. A number of weaknesses of the study (the low level of cannabis use in the current sample, the lack of monitoring of cannabis use after intake) suggest that it may be premature to dismiss cannabis use as a risk factor for the development of psychosis and further research is urged in this area.
Company Life Cycle and Capital Structure of Manufacturing Sector In the Consumer Goods Industry

Determination of the optimal capital structure is to be done by each company Capital structure is the balance or ratio between foreign capital and equity capital. One proxy of capital structure is leverage. The well-known theory in determining the leverage or capital structure is the pecking order theory. This theory explains that the company will use the funds to have a safer risk in advance in the determination of corporate leverage. There are many variables that affect the determination of a company's leverage, so it has not acquired a standard model in determining the leverage or capital structure of the company. One variable that will be added to add an explanation of the determination of a company's leverage is the life cycle proposed by Dickinson (2011). Company life cycle differentiated by the company's cash flow includes cash flow from operating, financing, and investment. This study aims to determine whether the company life cycle that can explain the determination of leverage or capital structure of the company, and find out how the influence of other variables such as profitability, liquidity, size of firm, non debt tax shield, asset tangibility, and growth opportunities for determination of leverage or capital structure of the company. The study was conducted in the consumer goods sector companies in 2012 and 2013. This study uses regression with dummy variables. The results showed that in 2012 and 2013 variable life cycle can be one of the variables that can explain leverage the company's decision. Variables that affect the leverage is profitability, liquidity, non debt tax shield, asset tangibility, and growth opportunities. Variable has no effect on leverage is size of the company.
Effect of amino acids on goat cauda epididymal sperm cryopreservation using a chemically defined model system.

Studies were carried out to analyze the cryoprotecting efficacy of several amino acids by use of a chemically defined synthetic medium (modified Ringer's solution) and goat cauda epididymal sperm as the model system. Motile goat cauda sperm dispersed in the synthetic medium were subjected to a freezing protocol in a computer-controlled bio-freezer, cooling 0.25 degrees C x min(-1) to 5 degrees C, 5 degrees C x min(-1) to -20 degrees C, and 20 degrees C x min(-1) to -100 degrees C, prior to being plunged into liquid nitrogen. In the absence of amino acids, sperm cells completely lost their flagellar motility. Of all the amino acids tested, l-alanine showed maximal cryoprotection potential. l-Alanine at 135 mM offered optimum cryoprotection potential: recovery of sperm forward motility and total motility were 14 +/- 2% and 19 +/- 2%, respectively. l-Glutamine, l-proline, and glycine at optimum concentration (100-150 mM) cryopreserved approx. 11-17% total motility of the sperm cells, whereas amino acids such as l-arginine, l-lysine, and l-histidine offered little cryoprotection (0-5%) to the cells. Increasing the amino acid concentration beyond the optimum level sharply decreased the recovery of the sperm motility, which therefore showed a biphasic cryoprotection profile. Addition of amino acids enhanced (approx. 7-10%) the cryoprotection efficacy of the well-known cryoprotectants glycerol and a combination of glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide. The presence of glycerol caused a marked reduction (from 100-150 mM to 20-70 mM levels) in the optimal cryoprotective concentration of the amino acids. The combined cryoprotecting action of glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and amino acids provided motility recovery as high as 52%. The observation that amino acids and dimethyl sulfoxide had an additive effect in augmenting the cryoprotecting potential of glycerol suggests that the mechanism of their action is different from that of glycerol. This cocktail of cryoprotectants may be useful for cryopreservation of semen of various species.
Disclosing Instagram Influencer Advertising: The Effects of Disclosure Language on Advertising Recognition, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intent

ABSTRACT In this study we examined the effect of disclosure language (control/no disclosure, “SP,” “Sponsored,” and “Paid Ad”) in Instagram-based influencer advertising on ad recognition, brand attitude, purchase intention, and sharing intention among a sample of 237 students. In line with prior research, results indicated that disclosure language featuring “Paid Ad” positively influenced ad recognition, which subsequently interacted with participants' memory of a disclosure and mediated the effect of disclosure language on attitude toward the brand and sharing intention. The findings offer a significant contribution to the literature on consumers' information processing and understanding for new and developing native advertising executions. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Folate Deficiency and Gene Polymorphisms of MTHFR, MTR and MTRR Elevate the Hyperhomocysteinemia Risk.

BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We aimed to investigate the joint effect of homocysteine metabolism gene polymorphisms, as well as the folate deficiency on the risk of HHcy in a Chinese hypertensive population. METHODS This study enrolled 480 hypertensive patients aged 28 - 75 from six hospitals in different Chinese regions from 9/2005 - 12/2005. Known genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G, and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G were detected by PCRRFLP methods. Serum Hcy was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and serum folate was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS MTHFR C677T and MTR A2756G can independently elevate the risk of HHcy (TT vs. CC + CT, p < 0.001 and AG + GG vs. AA, p = 0.026, respectively), whereas MTHFR A1298C decreased HHcy risk (AC + CC vs. AA, p < 0.001) and showed a protective effect against HHcy risk. Importantly, the joint effect of these risk genotypes showed significantly higher odds of HHcy than non-risk genotypes, especially the patients with four risk genotypes. It is noteworthy that this deleterious effect was aggravated by folate deficiency. These findings were verified by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction model (p = 0.001) and a cumulative effects model (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We have first demonstrated that the joint effect of homocysteine metabolism gene polymorphisms and folate deficiency lead to dramatic elevations in the HHcy risk.
A research model for consumers’ perception of online consumer reviews = 온라인 소비자 리뷰의 인식에 관한 연구 모델

The absence of the filtering process for information flow on the Internet caused consumers‟ negative bias of online information, and it makes several consumers hesitate to adopt online information. Although it is important to resolve consumers‟ concerns for online information, there are not enough studies about how to handle this kind of issue. For this purpose, this study suggests that it is necessary to understand how consumers perceive online information. The first objective of this study is to develop a research model than can describe consumers‟ perceptual process of online information. Important variables that are significantly related with perception of online information and how they influence consumers‟ behavioral intention are identified in our research model. Through this procedure, our research model can delineate interrelationships among antecedents and consequences of perception of online information in terms of information credibility. Our research model suggests that perception of information credibility can be affected by attributes of diverse variables which are connected with four antecedents such as source, message content, medium, and individual characteristics. Also, this study proposes trust and behavioral intention as consequences of perceived information credibility. Based on our research model, it is possible to figure out how online information can exert a meaningful effect on consumers‟ behavioral intention.
The Fresh Start Mindset: Transforming Consumers’ Lives

This article introduces the fresh start mindset, defined as a belief that people can make a new start, get a new beginning, and chart a new course in life, regardless of their past or present circumstances. With historical roots in American culture and neoliberalism, and with contemporary links to liquid modernity and global consumer culture, this mindset structures reasoning, experience, and everyday language, and guides behavior across selfand other-transformative consumption domains. We develop a six-item scale (FSM) to measure the fresh start mindset and situate it within a broader nomological network, including growth mindset, personal capacity for change, optimism, future temporal focus, internal locus of control, self-efficacy, perseverance, resilience, and consumer variety seeking. Individuals with a stronger (vs. weaker) fresh start mindset invest in transformative change through changing their circumstances, including their own consumption choices (e.g., buying a new pair of sunglasses and getting a new self); they also are more supportive of transformative programs that assist those who are challenged to get a fresh start (i.e., disadvantaged youth, at-risk teens, veterans, and tax-burdened adults). Our work significantly contributes to transformative consumer research with attention to self-activities and programs for vulnerable populations that enable new beginnings.
Hop-by-hop routing with node-dependent topology information

This paper is focused on the problem of hop-by-hop routing in a network where different nodes have different views of the network topology. In particular, each node may be aware of just a subset of the network links, perceiving the rest as if their cost was infinite. We formalize the idea of node's individual view of the network with the concept of visibility sets and introduce a routing approach based on the notion of a feasible path, i.e., such path in the node's visibility set that satisfies certain specified restrictions. It is shown that, in a network with general visibility sets, forwarding the packet along an optimal feasible path is necessary and sufficient to guarantee its eventual delivery to destination without being dropped or routed to the same node twice. Based on the proposed approach, we derive the precise routing policy and formulate an efficient algorithm to search for a family of one-to-all optimal feasible paths in a network with embedded visibility sets. We then proceed to prove the correctness of the algorithm. The new routing method provides for execution of multiple dynamic routing protocols, possibly overlaying each other in the same address space, within a network with common kinds of metrics of arbitrary complexity. It solves the problem of interoperability when new metrics or novel link properties are being introduced and eliminates the necessity to run different protocols and protocol versions within disjoint routing domains.
The Impact of Return on Collateral in a Channel System

We empirically investigate the relationship between the return on collateral and monetary policy implementation in the channel system. Recent developments in monetary theory suggest that the return on government assets which measures the opportunity cost of holding collateral should have negative impacts on the interest‐rate spread and the interbank market rate. The central bank should set a higher spread when the return on collateral is below a cutoff but implements a lower spread when the return on collateral is higher than the cutoff. The interbank market rate tends to lie above the policy target rate when the return on collateral is low and vice versa. We use data from Eurozone area and six industrialized countries to test these theoretical implications. We propose two econometric models: one is more structural and closely related to the monetary model to test the negative relationships, and the other is based on the threshold autoregression model to detect the potential cutoffs. Our findings provide conditional support for the negative impact of return on collateral. (JEL E40, E52, E58)
ERP Systems Benefit Realization and the Role of ERP-Enabled Application Integration

This chapter proposes a conceptual framework that highlights how organizations can exploit ERP-enabled application integration to improve their overall post-implementation ERP benefits while examining the moderating effects of knowledge integration mechanisms. Specifically, the study proposed that intermediate ERP benefits, namely task efficiency and coordination improvement, as well as existing ERP factors, namely current ERP performance and extent of ERP implementation, affect ERP-enabled application integration, which in turn influences overall ERP benefits. A firm-level survey was used to collect data, and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The findings support the proposed hypotheses. Significant theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Automatic Detection of Pathological Voices Using Complexity Measures, Noise Parameters, and Mel-Cepstral Coefficients

This paper proposes a new approach to improve the amount of information extracted from the speech aiming to increase the accuracy of a system developed for the automatic detection of pathological voices. The paper addresses the discrimination capabilities of 11 features extracted using nonlinear analysis of time series. Two of these features are based on conventional nonlinear statistics (largest Lyapunov exponent and correlation dimension), two are based on recurrence and fractal-scaling analysis, and the remaining are based on different estimations of the entropy. Moreover, this paper uses a strategy based on combining classifiers for fusing the nonlinear analysis with the information provided by classic parameterization approaches found in the literature (noise parameters and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients). The classification was carried out in two steps using, first, a generative and, later, a discriminative approach. Combining both classifiers, the best accuracy obtained is 98.23% ± 0.001.
Healthy Buddies: A Novel, Peer-Led Health Promotion Program for the Prevention of Obesity and Eating Disorders in Children in Elementary School

OBJECTIVE. We designed and tested a novel health promotion program for elementary schools that was based on peer teaching from older to younger schoolchildren (“Healthy Buddies”). SUBJECTS AND METHODS. This prospective pilot study compared the effect of our program (2–3 hours/week, 21 weeks) in 2 Canadian elementary schools (intervention: n = 232 children, the whole school implementing the program; control: n = 151). Older students (4th through 7th grade) were given direct instruction from 1 intervention teacher and were paired with younger students (kindergarten through 3rd grade) for the whole school year. Students in 4th through 7th grade then acted as teachers for their younger “buddies. ” All lessons included 3 components of healthy living: nutrition, physical activity, and healthy body image. The students first learned how to be positive buddies and learned the 3 components of a healthy life. Thereafter, they learned how to overcome challenges to living a healthy life. Outcome measures (intervention and control schools at the beginning and end of the school year) included validated questionnaires that assessed healthy-living knowledge, behavior and attitude, a 9-minute fitness run, self-competence, body satisfaction, disordered eating symptoms, and anthropometry (BMI, blood pressure, and heart rate). RESULTS. Compared with control students, both older and younger intervention students showed an increase in healthy-living knowledge, behavior, and attitude scores and a smaller increase in systolic blood pressure. BMI and weight increased less in the intervention students in 4th through 7th grade and height more in the intervention students in kindergarten through 3rd grade. CONCLUSIONS. Our student-led curriculum improved knowledge not only in older schoolchildren but also in their younger buddies. It also decreased weight velocity in the older students. Student-led teaching may be an efficient, easy-to-implement way of promoting a healthy lifestyle from kindergarten to 7th grade.
Failures, Monitoring and New Trends of Power Transformers

This article presents a survey on failures, monitoring, and new trends of power transformers. There are three main types of power transformers, namely, oil immersed, gas-insulated, and dry-type transformers with or without cast coil insulation system. Operating stresses of power transformers have increased due to the load growth and the increased bulk power transactions, where recent and imminent alternating current (AC) systems are rated 1,100 kV and 1,200 kV, respectively. Failures of windings, onload tap changers (OLTC), and bushings are the main defective components as they represent about 84% of the failure statistics. Online and offline diagnostic monitoring of power transformers can be used to detect faults at an early stage, prevent degeneration into catastrophic phenomena, and monitor the aging process of the insulating systems. Many of the well-known preventive maintenance techniques are discussed. New trends of power transformers have recently taken many steps forward in different dimensions, e.g., Powerformer, Dryformer and Windformer utilizing high-voltage (HV) cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables, gas-insulated transformers (GIT), converter transformers rated ±800 kV, and high-temperature super conducting (HTS) transformers. The latter type represents a key technology for future power systems engineering as they offer many advantages over the others.
Use of Third Party Specialists’ Reports When Auditing Fair Value Measurements: Do Auditors Stay in Their Comfort Zone?

Recently, the auditor’s role in contributing to the reliability of critical accounting estimates reported by their clients, including fair value measurements (FVMs) has received significant attention because key management inputs to these estimates are subjective and susceptible to bias. Client management frequently use 3rd party specialists to assist in preparing the FVMs reported in financial statements. As a result auditors routinely evaluate client specialist reports, which contain both quantified and non-quantified data. We use this fair value setting to examine how the level of quantification in client evidence and client control environment risk influence auditors’ planned substantive testing. While auditing standards and risk-based auditing do not support choosing an audit approach based on the level of quantification in the client evidence, we find that in high client risk conditions, the level of quantification in the client evidence influences auditors’ proportionate effort allocation of planned testing of management’s estimate. Specifically, auditors allocated less proportionate effort to testing the subjective inputs of management’s estimate when the level of quantification in the client evidence and client risk were high. In a follow-up experiment, we provide evidence that a regulatory practice alert reminding auditors to focus more audit effort on FV inputs that are susceptible to management bias does not lead to a change in the proportion of auditors’ effort allocation observed in the first study. The alert also does not change auditors’ tendency to be influenced by the level of quantification in the client’s evidence. However, the practice alert motivates an increase in overall audit effort. Prior studies were aimed at documenting how attention to client risk can improve audit judgment. We provide new evidence, however, that auditor attention to client risk can exacerbate the influence of the quantification of client evidence on audit judgment, and that this effect is not remedied by a simple intervention.
Sleep Quality and Factors Affecting It in Patients with Chronic Psychiatric Disorders

Objective: The study aimed to determine sleep quality and factors affecting it in patients with chronic psychological disorders. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted at Gevher Nesibe Medical Faculty Hospital of Erciyes University between March 10 th , 2009 and April 10 th , 2009. In total, 132 patients with psychiatric disorders were included, and all the patients were asked to fill the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Personal Information Forms. Results: According to the data obtained, the mean scores of PSQI were as follows: sleep duration, 1.17±1.09 h; sleep efficacy, 1.23±0.97; daytime dysfunction, 1.40±1.01; sleep disorder, 1.16±0.83; sleep latency, 2.80±1.58; sleeping pills, 1.35±0.76; and global PSQI, 9.13±2.37. In total, 93.2% of the patients were found to have a bad sleeping quality. As the global PSQI scores increased, sleeping time, sleeping pill use, sleeping quality, sleeping activity, sleep latency, and daytime dysfunction scores also increased (p<0.05). In addition, there was a positive correlation among them. The correlation between the global PSQI scores and marital status and between the place of residence and occupational-professional status was found to be significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: As patients with chronic psychiatric disorders have frequent sleep problems, planning interventions for the sleep problems of patients can be recommended.