Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AVERSIVE CONTROL IN BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS: AN ANALYSIS OF JEAB AND JABA PUBLICATIONS (1958-2018)

We analyzed the frequency of publications on aversive control and publication trends concerning specific aversive contingencies. The articles were published between 1958 and 2018 in two journals: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) and Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA). We selected articles that presented at least one of the following descriptors in the title, abstract, or keywords: aversive, avoidance, escape, negative reinforcement, and punishment. We verified that the publication frequency on aversive control was higher in JEAB than in JABA until the 1990s, at which point the trend was reversed. An irregular increase has been observed in JEAB publications on the topic since 2000. The rise of applied research on aversive control is related to growing interest in negative reinforcement. This significant decrease in studies on aversive control may be related to stricter ethical regulations in research and related to the assertions of some authors to reduce the aversive control use. The increase in applied studies since the 1990s appears to be related to the greater use of functional assessments and the development of treatments for behavioral problems that result from negative reinforcement contingencies. Key words: aversive control, aversive contingencies, Behavior Analysis, publication.
Changes in New Zealand's business insolvency rates after the GFC

We examine the question of whether the rate of business insolvencies in New Zealand is related to overall macroeconomic conditions. In particular, our interest is in whether the rate of business insolvencies changed in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). We find that there was a large increase in insolvencies in New Zealand following the onset of the GFC in 2008. We also find that the timing of the change did not occur uniformly over the country but occurred at different times in four key regional centres. Sharply rising relative costs were the most important macroeconomic factor influencing corporate insolvencies in New Zealand, Auckland, Waikato and Wellington, but have been immaterial in determining New Zealand's total personal insolvencies. It is employment growth and house price inflation that have been significant in explaining total personal insolvencies.
Colour characterisation of LCD display systems

The main purpose of this research is to study the colour characterisation of digital display systems. Three distinct models for characterisation (GOG, PLCC and PLVC) are evaluated and compared and for two of these models (GOG and PLCC) two different sets of linearisation samples (either colour-ramps or grey-ramp samples) are used to perform the linearisation. To evaluate these models’ colorimetric measurements are made for 20 different display devices and colour characterization performance is reported as the main measure. Characterisation performance is calculated using several sets of samples including the widely used Macbeth ColorChecker chart and two new charts called Chart4 and Matlab60 (one of which was based on a method previously published by Cheung and Westland and another was based on a new method). A key aspect of this work is that all 256 levels of intensity were measured for the colour-ramps and for the grey-ramp linearisation samples for each of the 20 displays to allow subsampling of these data to explore the effect of the number of linearisation samples on characterisation performance. When the number of linearisation samples used was small (less than 10) the GOG model sometimes resulted in the smallest characterisation colour differences. However, for the PLCC and PLVC models performance tended to increase with the number of linearization samples and both of these models outperformed GOG with more 10 linearisation samples. For the PLCC model, better performance was usually obtained using the grey-ramp linearisation samples rather than using the colour-ramps linearization samples. It was possible, for each of the 20 displays, to reach average ab values that are less than 1.5 (ab <1.5, 90%) or ab < 1.0 (75%); however, the model that yields the best performance is difficult to ascertain in advance (a good strategy would be to evaluate all five models and select the one that performs best for the characterisation of any particular display). However, in the majority of cases, lowest colour differences (ab) were obtained using the PLCC model and all 256 of the grey-ramp samples for linearisation. This work has compared the performance of five different models using a large number of displays and has allowed a number of recommendations to be made about display characterisation. Although the majority of the work in this thesis was based on stationary displays the effect of motion on characterization performance was also explored. This is important since moving images are now commonplace in many applications. The results showed that a moving background has a small, but statistically significant, effect on the colour of patches.
Retracing the Right to Free Movement: Mapping a Path Forward

As a founding principle of the EU, a prerequisite for the exercise of most other EU rights, and a key component of EU integration, the freedom of movement right has carried great political and practical importance. It has also been one of the most contested, politically abused, and poorly understood of EU rights, particularly in the context of mobility of nationals from Central and Eastern Europe (“CEE”). Notably, misinformation regarding the free movement right that was spread by the media, politicians, and the public helped to propel both the UK’s renegotiation of its EU membership and, ultimately, its exit from the Union. Other EU-15 State politicians have also been perpetuating myths about freedom of movement and immigration. Scholars addressing free movement, even in the context of Brexit, have devoted little attention to this right’s conceptualization as it has evolved over time, to how EU branches other than the European Court of Justice have approached it, or to how CEE nationals have been positioned and impacted by mobility’s legal framework. Although some critical scholars have critiqued derogations from the free movement right imposed on CEE nationals in the aftermath of their States’ accession to the EU, they have also failed to situate their analysis within a broader look at the creation and application of the legal framework behind mobility. CEE movers in the UK and other EU-15 States have tended to be racialized by the media, politicians, and the public – that is, described and approached by individuals and institutions in ways which denigrate or assume their inferiority. Hence, several tenets of critical race theory (“CRT”) and critical whiteness studies (“CWS”) that expound the relationship between race, power, society, and law are helpful to the analysis of their mobility. This Article argues that the freedom of movement right has always been limited, and that CEE nationals’ mobility rights have been especially restricted by both EU statutes and case law – and further impeded by restrictive Member State policies. Ultimately, the right of free movement has been created and consistently applied in a way as to benefit EU-15 States’ economies, while approaching CEE movers as mere units of production. This broader understanding of this right is necessary to make Brexit negotiations more meaningful, and debates about intra-EU movers in other EU-15 States more responsible. Moreover, the discussion here also critiques CRT and CWS for overlooking the significance of immigrant background and of white minority ethnicities in the conceptualization and experience of equality. I suggest that both theoretical frameworks need to not only look beyond the black-white binary, but also consider contemporary transnational power dynamics to arrive at a more flexible and nuanced picture of micro-level racial and ethnic power relations in today’s globalized world.
Evaluation on Compression Wave Velocities and Moduli of Gyeongju Compacted Bentonite

Gyeongju bentonite is a buffer material primarily considered in Korea and it is highly compacted as a part of an engineered barrier system (EBS) of high-level radioactive waste repository. The compacted bentonite undergoes swelling stress by groundwater penetration and thermal stress by decay heat from a canister. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the compacted bentonite buffer material is crucial for the performance assessment of EBS. This paper aims to evaluate deformation properties of Gyeongju compacted bentonite using seismic methods. Two sets of compacted bentonite specimens were prepared having dry densities of 1.59 g/cm 3 and 1.75 g/cm 3 with water contents of 10.6% and 8.7%. Free-free resonant column tests were performed to measure constrained and unconstrained compression wave velocities. With the measured wave velocities, Young’s modulus (Emax) and constrained modulus (Mmax), material damping ratio (Dmin), and Poisson’s ratio at small strain were determined. As results, this paper evaluates the deformation properties of Gyeongju compacted bentonite and compares them with the results of previous researches.
Bursa ilinde elektrik akımı ile yaralanma sonucu ölümler

BACKGROUND: Electrical energy has gained wide acceptance since the middle of 20th century. Rapid progress of industrialization and widespread utilization of electrical appliances lead to many electrical accidents and deaths. Aim of our study was to analyze such injuries with a forensic perspective and to draw conclusions. METHODS: Sixty-three death cases (59 males, 4 females; mean age 32.5+/-12.7; range 5 to 62 years) due to electrical current injury that underwent forensic autopsy between the years of 1996-2003 in Bursa city of Turkey were included into the study. Demographic features, origin of death, scene of the injury, localization of entry and exit lesions were examined. RESULTS: The cases were most common in between 30-39 years of age and 93.7% were male. Sixty-three point five percent of the deaths were occupational accidents. Deaths occured usually in summer. Although homicidal and suicidal cases were rare in the literature, all of our cases were accidental in origin. CONCLUSION: The physician who performs autopsy should be thoroughly informed about the place of death due to electrocution. It is necessary to solve infra-structural problems, increase security measures and provide training about prevention of electrical injuries. Language: tr
Pilot Study on the Experiences of Hurricane Shelter Evacuees

Community members who evacuate to shelters may represent the most socially and economically vulnerable group within a hurricane’s affected geographic area. Disaster research has established associations between socioeconomic conditions and adverse effects, but data are overwhelmingly collected retrospectively on large populations and lack further explication. As Hurricane Florence approached North Carolina in September 2018, RTI International developed a pilot survey for American Red Cross evacuation shelter clients. Two instruments, an interviewer-led paper questionnaire and a short message service (SMS text) questionnaire, were tested. A total of 200 evacuees completed the paper survey, but only 34 participated in the SMS text portion of the study. Data confirmed that the sample represented very marginalized coastline residents: 60 percent were unemployed, 70 percent had no family or friends to stay with during evacuation, 65 percent could not afford to evacuate to another location, 36 percent needed medicine/medical care, and 11 percent were homeless. Although 19 percent of participants had a history of evacuating for prior hurricanes/disasters and 14 percent had previously utilized shelters, we observed few associations between previous experiences and current evacuation resources, behaviors, or opinions about safety. This study demonstrates that, for vulnerable populations exposed to storms of increasing intensity and frequency, traditional survey research methods are best employed to learn about their experiences and needs.
The Late(r) Bird Gets the Verb? Effects of Age of Acquisition of English on Adult Heritage Speakers’ Knowledge of Subjunctive Mood in Spanish

Many previous studies have found that adult heritage speakers exhibit significant variability in their production and comprehension of mood morphology in Spanish. Nonetheless, it remains unclear what specific factors predict heritage speakers’ likelihood of exhibiting such variability. The present study contributes to this question by testing the effect of both (a) age-of-acquisition of English and (b) Spanish proficiency on heritage speakers’ productive and receptive knowledge of mood morphology. Seventeen “early” heritage speakers (age of acquisition of English: 0 to 3.5 years), 20 “late” heritage speakers (age of acquisition of English: 4 to 6 years), and 18 later childhood immigrants (age of arrival in the US: 8 to 12 years) completed a Contextualized Elicited Production Task and a Mood Preference Task. Results of the two experiments suggest that the later childhood immigrants, despite “overusing” subjunctive in +Presupposition adjectival relative clauses, are significantly more likely than “early” and “late” heritage speakers to produce and prefer subjunctive mood in expected subjunctive contexts (with para que and in -Presupposition adjectival relative clauses). Within the heritage speaker groups, however, Spanish proficiency was a stronger predictor of subjunctive knowledge than age of acquisition of English, a finding with implications for both heritage language research and pedagogy.
The Nonlinear Theory of Schizophrenia

Objective: Nonlinear properties exist within the brain across a hierarchy of scales and within a variety of critical neural processes. Only a few studies of brain activity in schizophrenia, however, have used nonlinear methods. This review paper evaluates the contribution of the nonlinear sciences towards understanding schizophrenia. Method: Applications of nonlinear methods to the study of schizophrenia symptoms and to healthy and schizophrenia functional neuroscience data are reviewed. The main flaws of nonlinear algorithms and recent methods to correct these are also appraised. Results: Initial research methods utilized in the study of nonlinearity in schizophrenia have fundamental methodological limitations. In the last decade, many of these problems have been addressed, facilitating future progress. Research incorporating these improvements has been applied to normal electroencephalogram (EEG) data and to the symptoms of schizophrenia, but not systematically to brain imaging data collected from patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: There is strong statistical evidence for weak nonlinearity in normal EEG and in the fluctuations of the symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the contribution of nonlinear processes to brain dysfunction in schizophrenia is yet to be properly established or accurately quantified. Despite this, recent methodological advances suggest that a ‘nonlinear theory’ of schizophrenia may be helpful in understanding this disorder.
Principals' perceptions of the influence of School Governing Bodies on instructional leadership: a South African study

ABSTRACT This paper reports on an empirical on-going study concerning how School Governing Bodies (SGBs) influence the instructional leadership roles of school principals. The literature on instructional leadership discusses the multiple roles that school principals are expected to perform but fails to analyse how the stakeholders in schools influence their work. This paper is based on a research project that departs from the premise that principals do not work in isolation or in a vacuum but in collaboration with other stakeholders, such as SGBs. The research approach used in this study was qualitative and data was collected from five schools, using semi-structured interviews. The findings of this study show that different principals tend to establish different types of relationships with their governing bodies and that they receive various levels of support. Positive relationship between principals and their governing bodies seem to play important supportive role that encourage instructional leadership.
Digital manufacturing of occlusal splint: from intraoral scanning to 3D printing

Aim Digital technology has greatly improved its accuracy and precision in the last decade and has allowed for a complete digital workflow in several dental applications. The present paper describes the technique used by the authors for the manufacturing of intraoral occlusal splints featuring a digital workflow. Materials and methods The procedure includes an intraoral scan of the maxillary and mandibular arches, registration of vertical relationship, and computer-assisted design (CAD) technology of the occlusal splint and fabrication with a multi-jet 3D printer. Conclusion The presented technique allows for time efficient laboratory manufacturing, which could also be performed chair-side in the dental office. The delivered splint is accurate and precise and could be reproduced anytime if needed.
Formulation and Characterization of Adhesive Produced From Polystyrene Waste Using Response Surface Optimization

Polystyrene is extensively used in building and construction industry, packaging and transportation of fragile equipment due its low density, high melting point, low thermal conductivity, low water absorption, etc. Polystyrene after usage is usually discarded thereby causing environmental problems. The post-usage of polystyrene has, therefore, been a subject of intense research in recent times. The aim of this work is to produce adhesive from polystyrene wastes. Polystyrene waste (PS) was collected, processed and dissolved in tackifyer and formulated with diphnyle amine and diethylene glycol dibenzoate additives to produce adhesive using 3 levels variables factors and 4 levels testing factors of design expert optimization software. The produced adhesive was further characterized for viscosity, pH, percentages solid and moisture contents for their response surfaces. The results showed that the best fit viscosity for each run was Run 1B> Run 5A > Run 5D> Run 5B>Run 4D based on the regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The pH values obtained ranged from 4.0 to 6.3; percentage moisture content was in the order of Run 1B < 5A<4D<4B and percentage solid content was in the order of Run 1B<5A<4D. The best fitted adhesive was run 1B with 5.93 % moisture content; 5A has 7.57 % moisture content and 4D with 8.76% moisture content. The percentage solid content; Run 1B has 67.19 %, 5A has 68.16 % and 4D has 75.50 %. The produced adhesives were found within the standard range of adhesives used in production of particleboard.
Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organisational Structure

This paper models the inner workings of relationship lending, the implications for bank organizational structure, and the effects of shocks to the economic environment on the availability of relationship credit to small businesses. Relationship lending depends on the accumulation over time by the loan officer of "soft" information. Because the loan officer is the repository of this soft information, agency problems are created throughout the organization that are best resolved by structuring the bank as a small, closely-held organization with few managerial layers. The shocks analyzed include technological innovations, regulatory regime shifts, banking industry consolidation, and monetary policy shocks.
The analysis of gaps in the implementation of process standard on the supervision of productive learning aspect in vocational school

The purpose of this research was to elaborate the implementation of process standard on one of the aspects which determines the school's quality namely supervision, analyse the level of the gap, and design the solution regarding the gap in the implementation of process standard. It was a descriptive research with quantitative approach. The aspect of this research was the principal supervision. The data were collected using observation, interview, and documentation method. The result on supervision component showed that some principals did not function as the internal supervision.
Two decades of Acta Colombiana de Psicología: a bibliometric analysis

The aim of the present study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the journal Acta Colombiana de Psicología, by virtue of its two decades of uninterrupted work (1998-2017). Initially, historical elements are described in the trajectory of the journal and its chronological evolution is revealed from a database that in its final sample took into account 388 scientific articles. Subsequently, the appraisal of the productivity indices (Lotka) as well as of the topics and methodologies used was carried out. Likewise, an appraisal of the collaboration indicators and the relationships between the authors with respect to the signatory countries was performed. The results highlight the large number of papers from Mexican institutions, a sustained increase in collaboration is visualized -which is evident in the Lawani and Subramanyam indices-, and it is found that the largest amount of papers focused on the areas of clinical and health psychology. The analysis undertaken allows showing what the journal has achieved throughout two decades of scientific work during which it contributed fundamentally to the development of psychology in Latin America.
GNSS Multipath Error Modeling for Automotive Applications

In this paper, we provide GNSS multipath error models for automotive applications by leveraging methods used in aviation applications. These error models are intended for navigation integrity and continuity risk evaluation. We provide error models for code and carrier phase GNSS measurements under both static and dynamic multipath environments. The dynamic dataset was collected in realistic driving conditions for a vehicle traveling in an urban canyon and on a highway with overpasses and road signs. The static test was conducted in a more controlled environment, first, to precisely evaluate measurement errors under open sky, and then, to quantify the effect on multipath error of a semi-truck next to a car equipped with a commercial GNSS antenna. In this paper, we characterize the errors by the mean and standard deviation of a bounding Gaussian distribution and by the autocorrelation time constant of the measurement errors.
REVISITING CALENDAR ANOMALIES IN BRICS COUNTRIES

We use a GARCH-dummy approach to analyze the influence of calendar anomalies on conditional daily returns and risk for BRICS countries’ stock markets during 1996 to 2018. The month-of-the-year (MOY), turn-of-the-month (TOM), day-of-the-week (DOW), and holiday effects are investigated. The most striking DOW effect is given for Tuesdays. The TOM effect is validated, while we interestingly find no evidence of a January effect. A general holiday effect is not documented, but the Indian market shows a significant pre- and a post-holiday effect, the Chinese market is anomalous before public holidays and the South African market is affected after holidays only.
On the meaning of “the meaning of life”

When it comes to a question as notoriously unclear as “What is the meaning of life? ”, clarifying the question and its conceptual setting is a necessary step before attempting to answer the question. The analysis of the concept of “the meaning of life” is a twofold task; “the meaning” and “life” both need to be examined. In this paper, I primarily focus on “the meaning. ” I argue that, although there is much disagreement and confusion in the literature about the meaning of “the meaning” as it is applied to life, there is one most plausible interpretation of this notion. In the end, even though I do not answer the question of the meaning of life, I propose an account of what a correct answer to the question is supposed to look like, based on my original function analysis of “the meaning. ” Keywords: the meaning of life, meaningfulness, meaning in life.