Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secondary circulation within a tropical cyclone observed with L-band wind profilers

Abstract. In association with the passage of a Tropical Cyclone (TC) around Japan, the secondary circulation in the region from the outer side to the center was investigated in detail by two separately located L-band wind profilers and the rawinsonde observations from 1 to 2 October 2002, for the first time. As the wind profilers can observe wind fields not only within rainbands but also in between, the mesoscale wind circulation including the vertical wind component in wide areas from the lower layer to the upper layer was investigated. While the TC center approached the profiler stations, several rainbands associated with the TC subsequently passed. Relatively warm, moist inflow with a cyclonic rotation was observed in the lower-troposphere while the TC center approached. The inflow reached the inside of the main rainband where the updraft was observed. Above 5-km height (with temperature below 0°C), outflow and weak downdraft corresponding to falling frozen particles were observed. It is considered that the frozen particles formed precipitating clouds mainly in the outer rainband region. The continuous wind circulation transported water vapor from the lower troposphere to the upper troposphere via the vicinity of TC center. On the other hand, after the passage of the TC center, the developed rainband passed, which was located in the south and southwest quadrant of the TC. It is suggested with the profilers' data that the rainband was intensified mainly by warm and moist outflow below 3-km height.
Possibilities for the use of whey in tel kadayıf (a Turkish dessert) production

The utilisation of whey is very important for preventing the waste of a protein- and lactose-rich dairy by product and protecting the environment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of whey use in tel (wire) kadayif (a Turkish dessert raw material) production on microbiological and technological properties and sensory characteristics of tel kadayif. For this purpose, 3 experimental tel kadayif samples were produced using different amounts (0%, 25%, and 50%) of fresh whey instead of water in the production of raw tel kadayif. The samples were placed in plastic bags and vacuum packaging and stored in a refrigerator (4 °C). Storage period (1, 3, 5, and 7 days) analysis was performed. The results of the research showed that nutritional value and sweetness increased, while the baking time decreased with respect to increases in the amount of whey used in tel kadayif. As a result of a collective evaluation of the study findings, it was concluded that a 25% whey addition and vacuum packaging would provide the most positive quality characteristics in tel kadayif desserts.
GRAPHS OF TORUS-VALUED HARMONIC MAPS, WITH APPLICATION TO A VARIATIONAL MODEL FOR DISLOCATIONS

This paper deals with a variational problem for dislocations in which the curl of the deformation tensor is constrained by a concentrated measure in a set of lines, called the dislocation density, while the energy density involves the deformation tensor and its gradient, specifically, the curl and the divergence in two distinct terms. To solve this constrained variational problem in finite elasticity, the notion of integral 1-current is used in the spirit of previous work by the same authors. No assumptions on the lines are made except the classical requirement to be closed loops or end at the crystal boundary. Since the displacement field is by essence multiple valued, it is chosen to work with torus-valued maps. Moreover, graphs of harmonics maps are at the heart of such a problem, and therefore our theory is grounded in an analysis of their properties with a view to dislocation modeling. Our main result shows that dislocation density and displacement graph boundary are bound notions. Generalizations of distributional determinants and cofactors appropriate for our purposes are also discussed. Indeed, it is shown that they are Radon measures whose singular parts are expressed in terms of the displacement graph boundary.
Can Paying Firms Quicker Affect Aggregate Employment?

In 2011, the federal government accelerated payments to their small business contractors, spanning virtually every county and industry in the US. We study the impact of this reform on county-sector employment growth over the subsequent three years. Despite firms being paid just 15 days sooner, we find payroll increased 10 cents for each accelerated dollar, with two-thirds of the effect coming from an increase in new hires and the balance from an increase in earnings. Importantly, however, we document substantial crowding out of non-treated firms employment, particularly in counties with low rates of unemployment. Our results highlight an important channel through which financing constraints can be alleviated for small firms, but also emphasize the general-equilibrium effects of large-scale interventions, which can lead to a substantially lower net impact on aggregate outcomes.
A comparison of the clinical effects associated with xylazine, ketamine, and a xylazine-ketamine cocktail in pigeons (Columba livia)

A study was conducted to compare the clinical effects of xylazine, ketamine, and a cocktail of them in pigeons (Columbia livia). For this study 15 adult and healthy pigeons were divided into 3 equal groups: A - xylazine (16 mg/kg), B - ketamine (60 mg/kg) and C - xylazine-ketamine cocktail (8 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg, respectively). All treatments were administered intramuscularly. Onset of action was smooth with a mean time of onset of 13.4 ± 2.78 min, 11 ± 1.49 min, and 1.6 ± 0.51 min, respectively. In group A and B light sedation and a light plane of anaesthesia were achieved, respectively, accompanied by superficial analgesia. Grou p C birds showed deep anaesthesia accompanied by profound analgesia. Hypothermia, respiratory depression (due to intercostals muscle relaxation and hypothermia) and bradycardia persisted until recovery in groups A and C, while birds in group B showed hyperthermia, tachycardia, and shallow respiration. The effects persisted for 33.7 ± 5.94 min, 47.7 ± 8.06 min, and 112.9 ± 36.51 min, with a recovery period of 65.9 ± 22.22 min, 52.6 ± 9.64 min, and 96.2 ± 19.06 min, for groups A, B, and C, respectively. Recovery was rough in group B and smooth in groups A and C. Results of the study suggested that in pigeons the use of xylazine (alone) is safe for handling and less painful procedures while a xylazine-ketamine cocktail is a suitable anaesthesia for painful procedures at the dosages used in the study. Ketamine alone is not recommended for anaesthesia in pigeons.
A systematic review and economic evaluation of prasugrel compared to clopidogrel after PCI

(PCI) for coronary artery disease usually get a platelet inhibitor (e.g. clopidogrel) for one year after the procedure. Prasugrel is a new platelet inhibitor which is available for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who undergo PCI in Norway. Methods: We aimed to analyze the effi cacy and cost-effectiveness of prasugrel compared to clopidogrel for ACS patients who have undergone PCI. This analysis was commis-sioned by the Norwegian Medicines Agency to support their decision on whether to give reimbursement to prasugrel as well as clopidogrel, which is reimbursed today. • We performed a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the effi cacy of prasugrel compared to clopidogrel. Cost-effectiveness analyses were performed in a previously developed Markov model (MOCCA) which simulates clinical events after a PCI is performed. In the model, health and costs are calculated to give the remaining life expectancy and lifetime costs, which again are used to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness of prasugrel compared to clopidogrel. Key messages: A systematic review and economic evaluation of prasugrel compared to clopidogrel after PCI
Production of Hydroponic Lettuce under Different Salt Levels of Nutritive Solution

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of salinity on the production of two cultivars of crisp lettuce under hydroponic cultivation. The research was performed in a protected environment at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), state of Paraiba, during in the period from 1 to 22 September 2016. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) which involved 4 × 2 factorial scheme with four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution (1.6, 3.6, 5.6 and 7.6 dS m-1) and two lettuce cultivars, Valentina (C1) and Alcione (C2), that totalized 8 treatments with 3 replicates. The evaluated variables were fresh and dry biomass of leaves, stems and roots. The results were subjected to analysis of variance by F-test (p < 0.05), the averages were compared by Tukey’s test (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05), and quantitative variables data were submitted to regression test. It was observed that the fresh leaves biomass and fresh stem biomass were significantly affected by salinity in all evaluated periods. However, cultivar factor singly presented significant statistical difference only for fresh root biomass. There was statistical interaction between the factors at 15 DAT for dry leaves biomass and at 21 DAT for dry stem biomass. It was concluded that, although some variables were significantly affected by the salinity of the nutritive solution, the hydroponic lettuce production was satisfactory in NFT system for electrical conductivity up to 3.5 dS m-1 for variables with commercial relevance.
Near‐surface air temperature lapse rates in the mainland China during 1962–2011

Land surface hydrological modeling is sensitive to near‐surface air temperature, which is especially true for the cryosphere. The lapse rate of near‐surface air temperature is a critical parameter when interpolating air temperature from station data to gridded cells. To obtain spatially distributed, fine‐resolution near‐surface (2 m) air temperature in the mainland China, monthly air temperature from 553 Chinese national meteorological stations (with continuous data from 1962 to 2011) are divided into 24 regional groups to analyze spatiotemporal variations of lapse rate in relation to surface air temperature and relative humidity. The results are as follows: (1) Evaluation of estimated lapse rate shows that the estimates are reasonable and useful for temperature‐related analyses and modeling studies. (2) Lapse rates generally have a banded spatial distribution from southeast to northwest, with relatively large values on the Tibetan Plateau and in northeast China. The greatest spatial variability is in winter with a range of 0.3°C–0.9°C · 100 m−1, accompanied by an inversion phenomenon in the northern Xinjiang Province. In addition, the lapse rates show a clear seasonal cycle. (3) The lapse rates maintain a consistently positive correlation with temperature in all seasons, and these correlations are more prevalent in the north and east. The lapse rates exhibit a negative relationship with relative humidity in all seasons, especially in the east. (4) Substantial regional differences in temporal lapse rate trends over the study period are identified. Increasing lapse rates are more pronounced in northern China, and decreasing trends are found in southwest China, which are more notable in winter. An overall increase of air temperature and regional variation of relative humidity together influenced the change of lapse rate.
Self-Regulated Learning, Motivation and Emotions Towards University Study. A Latent Class Approach

Students' attitudes, motivations and emotions towards university study have a great inuence on their university careers. In this work, we use a latent class factor analysis approach to reveal the underlying latent factors which summarise a series of items investigating students' positions in three domains: self-regulated learning, motivation, and emotions towards university study. Data come from a CAWI survey conducted in 2012 on a cohort of stu- dents enrolled in academic year 2006-07 at University of Padova, a large public university in north-east Italy. Results show that the underlying latent factors are in line with related psychological literature.
Bank Credit and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria

This paper assesses the significance of real bank credit in stimulating real output growth in the case of Nigeria. The study observes that credit Granger causes output. In testing the factors that mobilise credit, it finds that exports in general are negatively related to credit. However, while oil exports are negatively related to credit, non-oil export has positive relationship with credit. Credit is also positively linked to capital inflows and imports. These findings suggest that bank credit is inextricably linked to the opening of the economy to international trade and capital flows in non-oil. key words: Bank credit; Economic growth; Nigeria
The Form of Debt and Stock Returns: Empirical Evidence from Oman

This paper empirically examines whether stock prices have a significant effect on different forms of debt in a unique environment that is characterized by high leverage and high reliance on bank debt. Furthermore, firms in Oman are taxed at a flat rate and there are no personal income taxes. Our results show that stock returns have a significant effect on all types of debt. Debt ratios seem to move in line with that mechanistically induced by their stock returns. We also find new evidence that firms do take countermeasures to offset changes in their leverage that stem from equity value variations but at a low speed. Adding previously popular determinants of capital structure has only a modest economic impact on capital structure dynamics. When used with bank debt, stock returns continue to dominate other determinants of capital structure.
A guided inquiry based teaching and learning sequence on oscillations based on experiments and data-logging techniques

We present here a teaching and learning sequence on oscillations entirely based on experiments and data logging techniques. The sequence has been proposed to three different groups of students during curricular and extracurricular lessons. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a way to introduce upper secondary school students to complicated topics, such as those of coupled oscillations, avoiding the use of too much mathematics and calculus, but with an intense use of data logging techniques.
The Effects of Consumption, Private Investment, and Government Expenditures on Economic Growth in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Economic growth of one country is affected by many factors. This study was aimed to explain the effects of consumption, private investment, and government expenditures on economic growth in South Sulawesi, Indonesia either simultaneously or partially. The sources of data had been recorded from publications issued by the Central Statistics Agency and Investment Promotion Agency in the period 2001-2010. The techniques used to address the problem were a multiple linear regression analysis and a classical test assumption. The research findings indicated that simultaneously, household consumption, private investment, and government expenditures had significant and positive effects on the economic growth, either simultaneously or partially. Then, based on the classical assumption analysis, the results showed that the regression equation model was appropriate in predicting variables of economic growth as the dependent variable, because of the four classical analysis assumptions (normality, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity test obtained a non-biased test value. It was concluded that an increase in consumption, private investment and aggregate demand from year to year could boost the economic growth. The government is expected to issue a new policy that could encourage both domestic investors and foreign investments in areas, so that economic growth could be improved. Keywords : consumption, investment, expenditures, economic growth
Assessment for "Digital First Language" Speakers: Online Video Assessment and Feedback in Higher Education.

While feedback has been highlighted as the most powerful influence on student achievement, Weaver (2006) noted that up to 40% of tertiary students lack confidence in their feedback and many students express dissatisfaction with this aspect of their student experience (Rodway-Dyer, Dunne, & Newcombe, 2009). Chasms remain between academic feedback and student feed forward outputs, as research suggests that feedback is undervalued by “unresponsive” tertiary students due to misunderstanding, inconsistencies and lack of clarity, and that feedback is not as effective as staff imagine. This paper explores student and staff perceptions of a video feedback model for tertiary institutions. Each student received feedback in the form of an individualized video which was made available online, thus mirroring the established course assessment processes. A mixed methodology study revealed a mass preference for video feedback, with participants noting that video feedback personalized assessment processes and enhanced understanding. In excess of 90% of students rated video feedback as more valuable than written feedback, with 74% completely understanding the feedback provided by the marker, showing that technology may “provide the innovative edge that can help students engage more effectively with their feedback” (Crook et al., 2012, p. 387).
Smallholder Commercialization and Commercial Farming inCoffee-Spice Based Farming System of South West Ethiopia

This study assessed the determinants of smallholder commercialization and the status of commercial farms in terms crop type, cropping system and technology use in Sheka, Kaffa and Bench Maji zones using descriptive statistics and linear regression model. The result showed that the average smallholder commercialization in the study area was 60%, which is by far above the national average, 35%. The average marketability index of coffee, ginger, turmeric, maize and sorghum are found to be 80%, 83%, 85%, 51% and 35%, respectively. The result also indicate that the extent of smallholder commercialization is positively influenced by household education and farming experience, total harvest and the marketed proportion of high value crops, whereas negatively determined by family size, land holding, distance to village market, source of fertilizer and improved seed. Regarding commercial farms, more than 94%, 92% and 50% of commercial farms in Sheka, Kaffa and Bench Maji zones respectively, engaged in growing of high value crops. Given that these crops are one of the major crops being grown by smallholder farmers, strengthening the linkage between smallholder farmers and commercial farms could enhance the commercial transformation of agriculture in the study area. Besides, that about 90% and 93% of commercial farms in Sheka and Kaffa zones respectively follow sole cropping system, whereas 60% of commercial farms practiced the same system in Bench Maji zone. Moreover, commercial farms in the study area operate farming activity below expected level in terms of modern input use. Except maize, rice, ginger, turmeric, coffee and tea farms, the majority of commercial farms did not use improved crop technologies.
Optimizing embedded sensor network design for catchment‐scale snow‐depth estimation using LiDAR and machine learning

We evaluate the accuracy of a machine‐learning algorithm that uses LiDAR data to optimize ground‐based sensor placements for catchment‐scale snow measurements. Sampling locations that best represent catchment physiographic variables are identified with the Expectation Maximization algorithm for a Gaussian mixture model. A Gaussian process is then used to model the snow depth in a 1 km2 area surrounding the network, and additional sensors are placed to minimize the model uncertainty. The aim of the study is to determine the distribution of sensors that minimizes the bias and RMSE of the model. We compare the accuracy of the snow‐depth model using the proposed placements to an existing sensor network at the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory. Each model is validated with a 1 m2 LiDAR‐derived snow‐depth raster from 14 March 2010. The proposed algorithm exhibits higher accuracy with fewer sensors (8 sensors, RMSE 38.3 cm, bias = 3.49 cm) than the existing network (23 sensors, RMSE 53.0 cm, bias = 15.5 cm) and randomized placements (8 sensors, RMSE 63.7 cm, bias = 24.7 cm). We then evaluate the spatial and temporal transferability of the method using 14 LiDAR scenes from two catchments within the JPL Airborne Snow Observatory. In each region, the optimized sensor placements are determined using the first available snow raster for the year. The accuracy in the remaining LiDAR surveys is then compared to 100 configurations of sensors selected at random. We find the error statistics (bias and RMSE) to be more consistent across the additional surveys than the average random configuration.
The Impact of the Mandatory Corporate Governance Disclosures on the Banking Growth in UAE: Islamic versus Conventional Banks

The aim of this paper is to measure the degree of mandatory corporate governance disclosure and examine its impact on the bank’s growth using annual data for listed banks on the UAE financial markets during the period 2003-2013. Our empirical results show that the degree of mandatory corporate governance disclosure of conventional banks is significantly higher than the Islamic banks. In addition, the degree of mandatory corporate governance disclosure is significantly and positively related to the growth of deposits for both Islamic and conventional UAE listed banks
On the nature of GPS draconitic year periodic pattern in multivariate position time series

Plate tectonics studies using GPS require proper analysis of time series, in which all functional effects are understood and all stochastic effects are captured using an appropriate noise assessment technique. Both issues are addressed in this contribution. Estimates of spatial correlation, time correlated noise, and multivariate power spectrum for daily position time series of 350, 150, and 50 permanent GPS stations, respectively, collected between 2000–2007, 1998–2007, and 1996–2007 are obtained. The daily GPS global solutions were processed by the GPS Analysis Center at JPL. The detection power of the common‐mode signals is improved by including the time‐ and space‐correlated noise into the least squares power spectrum. Previous signals, such as those with periods of 13.63, 14.2, 14.6, and 14.8 days, are identified in the multivariate analysis. Significant signal with period of 351.6 ± 0.2 days and its higher harmonics are detected in the series, which closely follows the GPS draconitic year. The variation range of this periodic pattern for the north, east, and up components are about ±3, ±3.2, and ±6.5 mm, respectively. Three independent criteria confirm that this periodic pattern is of similar nature at adjacent stations, indicating its independence of the station‐related effects such as multipath. It is likely due to the other causes of the GPS draconitic year period driven into GPS time series. The multivariate power spectrum shows a cluster of signals with periods ranging from 5 to 6 days (quasiperiodic signals). In their aliased forms, the effects are likely partly responsible for the time‐correlated noise and partly for the periodic patterns at lower frequencies.