Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluvial architecture of Belgian river systems in contrasting environments: implications for reconstructing the sedimentation history

Abstract Accurate dating is necessary to get insight in the temporal variations in sediment deposition in floodplains. The interpretation of such dates is however dependent on the fluvial architecture of the floodplain. In this study we discuss the fluvial architecture of three contrasting Belgian catchments (Dijle, Geul and Amblève catchment) and how this influences the dating possibilities of net floodplain sediment storage. Although vertical aggradation occurred in all three floodplains during the last part of the Holocene, they differ in the importance of lateral accretion and vertical aggradation during the entire Holocene. Holocene floodplain aggradation is the dominant process in the Dijle catchment. Lateral reworking of the floodplain sediments by river meandering was limited to a part of the floodplain, resulting in stacked point bar deposits. The fluvial architecture allows identifying vertical aggradation without erosional hiatuses. Results show that trends in vertical floodplain aggradation in the Dijle catchment are mainly related to land use changes. In the other two catchments, lateral reworking was the dominant process, and channel lag and point bar deposits occur over the entire floodplain width. Here, tracers were used to date the sediment dynamics: lead from metal mining in the Geul and iron slag from ironworks in the Amblève catchment. These methods allow the identification of two or three discrete periods, but their spatial extent and variations is identified in a continuous way. The fluvial architecture and the limitation in dating with tracers hampered the identification of dominant environmental changes for sediment dynamics in both catchments. Dating methods which provide only discrete point information, like radiocarbon or OSL dating, are best suited for fluvial systems which contain continuous aggradation profiles. Spatially more continuous dating methods, e.g. through the use of tracers, allow to reconstruct past surfaces and allow to reconstruct reworked parts of the floodplain. As such they allow a better reconstruction of past sedimentation rates in systems with important lateral reworking.
Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Function and ysfunction in Schizophrenia

atients with schizophrenia have pronounced deficits in memory for events— episodic memory. These deficits severely affect patients’ uality of life and functional outcome, and current medications have only a modest effect, making episodic memory an important domain or translational development of clinical trial paradigms. The current article provides a brief review of the significant progress that cognitive euroscience has made in understanding basic mechanisms of episodic memory formation and retrieval that were presented and discussed t the first CNTRICS (Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) meeting in Washington, D.C. uring that meeting a collaborative decision was made that measures of item-specific and relational memory were the most promising onstructs for immediate translational development. A brief summary of research on episodic memory in schizophrenia is presented to rovide a context for investigating item-specific and relational memory processes. Candidate brain regions are also discussed.
The impact of losses in income due to ill health: Does the EQ-5D reflect lost earnings?

Two key questions in the context of UK health policy are: do the published preference indices for EQ-5D reflect the impact of lost earnings? Are we currently implicitly including indirect costs in our analyses? It is crucial to investigate whether or not individuals take into account any possible impact of lost income in health state valuation exercises. If respondents do consider income effects, and these considerations change valuations, then these effects would need to be excluded both under the current NICE reference case, or where productivity costs are included in the numerator to avoid double counting. This study adapts the study design used to generate population value sets for EQ-5D, as first used in the Measurement and Valuation of Health (MVH) Study, and carries out valuations of hypothetical EQ-5D states using Time Trade Off (TTO) exercises through an online survey administered in the Netherlands. Furthermore, this study uses a number of different TTO questions to explore the impact of losses in income on the valuation of hypothetical health states, and to determine the relationship between income and health.
Derivatives of orbital function and an extension of Berezin-Gel’fand’s theorem

Abstract A generalization of a result of Berezin and Gel’fand in the context of Eaton triples is given. The generalization and its proof are Lie-theoretic free and requires some basic knowledge of nonsmooth analysis. The result is then applied to determine the distance between a point and a G-orbit or its convex hull.We also discuss the derivatives of some orbital functions.
The Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Intervention on Interracial Anxiety and Avoidance

Interracial anxiety, psychological discomfort in the context of interactions with racial outgroup members, is associated with less satisfying interracial interactions and more avoidance of interracial contact. For White Americans, avoidance of interracial contact, especially with Black Americans, is an especially pernicious outcome, as it can perpetuate racial bias and anxiety. Mindfulness, the awareness and acceptance of present-moment experience, has potential as an intervention to reduce avoidance in interracial interactions given its theoretical mechanism of weakening the relationship between anxiety and avoidance behavior, necessarily reducing anxiety. The present study examined the effects of brief mindfulness training on anxiety and avoidance behavior in an impending interracial conversation. 59 White undergraduates were presented with the image of a Black interaction partner with whom they would discuss a raciallycharged topic, and their anxiety about the impending conversation was assessed. After listening to mindfulness meditation or distraction control instructions, participants were asked to arrange chairs in advance of the supposed conversation. Avoidance was measured by the distance participants placed between chairs, as well as the latency until participants’ proposed reschedule date for the conversation, when they were told that the interaction had to be postponed. It was hypothesized that condition and anxiety would significantly interact, such that positive relationships between anxiety and avoidance behaviors in the control condition would be attenuated in the mindfulness condition. Results generally did not support these hypotheses and are discussed in the context of post-hoc analyses that suggested mindfulness instructions may have functioned to increase the salience of existing trait-level anxiety. INDEX WORDS: Mindfulness, Interracial anxiety, Avoidance, Intergroup anxiety, Mindfulnessbased interventions, Interpersonal distance THE EFFECTS OF A BRIEF MINDFULNESS INTERVENTION ON INTERRACIAL ANXIETY AND AVOIDANCE
Factors associated with overweight and obesity in high school students

Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 586 participantes procedentes de dos distritos de la región de Cajamarca (Perú). Realizamos la evaluación antropométrica según los estándares de crecimiento infantil de la Organización Mundial de Salud (se clasificó según puntuación z del índice de masa corporal). Se recolectó mediante un cuestionario estructurado información sobre los estilos de vida, consumo de alimentos, actividad física, síntomas depresivos, acoso escolar y percepción del peso. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariado para identificar las características asociadas.
CWP-Image-guided wavefield tomography for VTI media

Processing algorithms for transversely isotropic (TI) media are widely used in depth imaging and typically bring substantial improvements in reflector focusing and positioning. Here, we develop acoustic image-domain tomography (IDT) for reconstructing VTI (TI with a vertical symmetry axis) models from P-wave reflection data. The modeling operator yields an integral wave-equation solution, which is based on a separable dispersion relation and contains only P-waves. The zero-dip NMO velocity (Vnmo) and anellipticity parameter η are updated by focusing energy in space-lag images obtained by least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM). Application of LSRTM helps suppress apertureand illumination-induced artifacts in space-lag gathers and improve the robustness of η-estimation. The trade-off between Vnmo and η is mitigated by a three-stage inversion algorithm that gradually relaxes the constraints on the spatial variation of η. Assuming that the depth profile of the Thomsen parameter δ is known at two or more borehole locations, we employ image-guided interpolation to constrain the depth scale of the parameter fields and the migrated image. Image-guided smoothing is also applied to the IDT gradients to facilitate convergence towards geologically plausible models. The algorithm is tested on synthetic reflection and borehole data from the structurally complicated elastic VTI Marmousi-II model. Although the initial velocity field is purely isotropic and substantially distorted, all three relevant parameters (Vnmo, η, and δ) are estimated with sufficient accuracy. The algorithm is also applied to a line from a 3D ocean-bottom-node data set acquired in the Gulf of Mexico.
Elastic least-squares Gaussian-beam migration

Gaussian beam migration is an elegant imaging method which has the ability to image multiple arrivals while preserving the advantages of ray-based methods. In this paper, we extend this method to linearized least-squares imaging for elastic waves in isotropic media. We dynamically transform the multi-component data to the principal components of different wave modes using the polarization information available in the beam migration process, and then use Gaussian beams as wavefield propagator to construct the forward modeling and adjoint migration operators. Based on the constructed operators, we formulate a least-squares migration scheme which is iteratively solved using a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. With this method, we can obtain multiwave images with better subsurface illumination and higher resolution. It also allows us to achieve a good balance between computational cost and imaging accuracy, which are both important requirements for iterative least-squares migrations. Numerical tests on two synthetic datasets demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of our proposed method.
Integral Liouville theorem in a complete Riemannian manifold

If the Killing vector field in a Riemannian manifold is the gradient of a smooth real valued function, then it is called Killing potential. In this paper we have deduced a necessary condition for the existence of Killing potential in a complete Riemannian manifold. Yau proved the Liouville theorem of harmonic function in a Riemannian manifold using gradient estimation and after that many authors have generalized this concept and investigated various types of Liouville theorems of harmonic functions. In this article we have also proved a Liouville theorem in integral form of harmonic functions in a complete Riemannian manifold. Finally we have studied the behaviour of harmonic functions in a complete Riemannian manifold that satisfies some gradient Ricci solition and showed that harmonic function is a constant multiple of distance function along some geodesics.
Birthplace Diversity and Economic Growth: Evidence from the US States in the Post-World War II Period

This paper empirically investigates the impact of birthplace diversity on economic growth. We use panel data on US states over the 1960–2010 period. This rich data set allows us to better deal with endogeneity issues and to conduct a large set of robustness checks. Our results suggest that diversity among college-educated immigrants positively affects economic growth. We provide converging evidence pointing at the existence of skill complementarities between workers trained in different countries. These synergies result in better labor market outcomes for native workers and in higher productivity in the R&D sector. The gains from diversity are maximized when immigrants originate from economically or culturally distant countries (but not both), and when they acquired part of their secondary education abroad and their college education in the USA. Overall, a 10% increase in high-skilled diversity raises GDP per capita by about 6%. On the contrary, low-skilled diversity has insignificant effects.
Transitions to Adulthood and Generational Change in Portugal

Much of the research on contemporary youth in Western societies has shown that transitions to adulthood are being postponed, protracted, and becoming more complex (i.e., less likely to follow a predictable and “orderly” sequence as in earlier generations). Extended schooling periods, changes in the labor market and challenges to obtaining autonomous housing are some of the top drivers for such change. Demographers interpret such developments as a sign of a second demographic transition, whereas sociologists stress that they are a consequence of the broader process of social individualization, by which individuals are assuming an increasingly central role in the organization of their lives. While in younger cohorts the evidence base is strong concerning transitions to adulthood, in some national contexts comparisons with the past rely on impressionistic accounts or to easily assume that some social, economic, and cultural factors were present. Drawing on data from the “Family Trajectories and Social Networks: The life course in an intergenerational perspective” research project, this paper re-examines the transitions to adulthood of three Portuguese cohorts (born in 1935–1940, 1950–1955 and 1970–1975), namely in what concerns their timing, duration, and sequence. This is achieved by looking at their life-calendars across different domains (namely family and intimate relations, school, and work). Analysis of the results allows us to discuss critically to what extent current transitions to adulthood are different and to assess cohort heterogeneity according to class and gender. Additionally, it enables us to frame discussions on generational and structural change more adequately in Portugal.
Effects of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on Repurchase Intention in Restaurants on University of Cape Coast Campus

This study sought to examine the effects of service quality and customer satisfaction on the repurchase intentions of customers of restaurants on University of Cape Coast Campus. The survey method was employed involving a convenient sample of 200 customers of 10 restaurants on the University of Cape Coast Campus. A modified DINESERV scale was used to measure customers’ perceived service quality. The results of the study indicate that four factors accounted for 50% of the variance in perceived service quality, namely; responsiveness-assurance, empathy-equity, reliability and tangibles. Service quality was found to have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Also, both service quality and customer satisfaction had significant effects on repurchase intention. However, customer satisfaction could not moderate the effect of service quality on repurchase intention. This paper adds to the debate on the dimensions of service quality and provides evidence on the effects of service quality and customer satisfaction on repurchase intention in a campus food service context.
WIRELESS VOIP IMPLEMENTATION USING ASTERISK PBX AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTPHONE

This paper reechoes the need to use VOIP-based communication channels in order to reduce the heavy cost burden of communication in Sub Saharan Africa and other developing countries. We focus specifically on the context of the campus environment and implement IP PBX to cut down the cost of placing and receiving voice calls, instant messaging and voice mails with other colleagues connected to an asterisk server on WIFI-enabled networks. We are motivated by the ease and cost-effectiveness of setting up WIFI-enabled IP network infrastructure which in recent times could be extended to allow inter-institutional linkage to allow collaboration and research.
Distributed acoustic receptivity in laminar flow control configurations

A model problem related to distributed receptivity to free‐stream acoustic waves in laminar flow control (LFC) configurations is studied within the Orr–Sommerfeld framework, by developing a suitable extension of the Goldstein–Ruban theory for receptivity due to localized disturbances on the airfoil surface. One advantage of the proposed method is that it easily permits the prediction of receptivity due to a wide class of noncompact distributions for surface nonuniformities, such as small‐amplitude variations in suction velocity and surface admittance. The results, thus, complement the earlier work on the receptivity produced by local variations in these two quantities. It is shown that the cumulative effect of distributed receptivity can be substantially larger than that of a single, isolated suction strip or slot. Furthermore, even if the receptivity is spread out over very large distances, the most effective contributions come from a relatively short region in the vicinity of the lower branch of the neu.
Age of air as a diagnostic for transport timescales in global models

Abstract. This paper presents the first results of an age-of-air (AoA) inter-comparison of six global transport models. Following a protocol, three global circulation models and three chemistry transport models simulated five tracers with boundary conditions that grow linearly in time. This allows for an evaluation of the AoA and transport times associated with inter-hemispheric transport, vertical mixing in the troposphere, transport to and in the stratosphere, and transport of air masses between land and ocean. Since AoA is not a directly measurable quantity in the atmosphere, simulations of 222Rn and SF6 were also performed. We focus this first analysis on averages over the period 2000–2010, taken from longer simulations covering the period 1988–2014. We find that two models, NIES and TOMCAT, show substantially slower vertical mixing in the troposphere compared to other models (LMDZ, TM5, EMAC, and ACTM). However, while the TOMCAT model, as used here, has slow transport between the hemispheres and between the atmosphere over land and ocean, the NIES model shows efficient horizontal mixing and a smaller latitudinal gradient in SF6 compared to the other models and observations. We find consistent differences between models concerning vertical mixing of the troposphere, expressed as AoA differences and modelled 222Rn gradients between 950 and 500 hPa. All models agree, however, on an interesting asymmetry in inter-hemispheric mixing, with faster transport from the Northern Hemisphere surface to the Southern Hemisphere than vice versa. This is attributed to a rectifier effect caused by a stronger seasonal cycle in boundary layer venting over Northern Hemispheric land masses, and possibly to a related asymmetric position of the intertropical convergence zone. The calculated AoA in the mid–upper stratosphere varies considerably among the models (4–7 years). Finally, we find that the inter-model differences are generally larger than differences in AoA that result from using the same model with a different resolution or convective parameterisation. Taken together, the AoA model inter-comparison provides a useful addition to traditional approaches to evaluate transport timescales. Results highlight that inter-model differences associated with resolved transport (advection, reanalysis data, nudging) and parameterised transport (convection, boundary layer mixing) are still large and require further analysis. For this purpose, all model output and analysis software are available.
Young People Engaging in Volunteering: Questioning a Generational Trend in an Individualized Society

Today young people experience a world that is being significantly changed by large-scale transformations in education and labour markets. Youth, as a generation, is most affected by those changes, since they are more likely to reshape their ways of living in response to the conditions they face, which inevitably produce inequalities in their lives. Volunteering is one of their responses. This paper aims to discuss the generational motivations and attitudes of a group of 11 European young people to participate in a European Voluntary Service project during a period of one year. The data was collected through an ethnographic methodological approach conducted between 2013 and 2014 in a Youth Centre in northern Portugal. Results clearly indicate that young people have an instrumental relationship with volunteering, which is mainly focused on the individual benefits that they believe they will acquire in their personal and professional life. Volunteering emerges as an opportunity to escape and to overcome the persisting challenges and constraints posed by our society; namely unemployment and precariousness, both of which are on the rise amongst young generations around the world.
Buying beauty for the long run: (Mis)predicting liking of product aesthetics

How well can consumers predict future liking of different product designs? The present research identifies a systematic error in consumers’ preferences and predicted liking for product aesthetics. Consumers predict a faster decrease in liking for high (vs. low) arousal potential product designs (i.e., intense colors or intense patterns) over repeat exposure because high arousal potential designs are expected to become increasingly irritating. These predictions are misguided, however, falsely leading consumers to avoid products with high arousal potential designs when making decision for extended product use. Seven studies test this conceptualization in the lab and in the field. The first five studies examine predicted liking for product designs of varying arousal potential levels over repeat exposure and how these intuitions influence product design preferences for long (vs. short) term use. The last two studies then investigate the accuracy of these intuitions by directly comparing predicted versus experienced liking for product designs of varying arousal potential levels over repeat exposure. The studies reveal a systematic error in prediction whereby consumers overestimate satiation from high arousal potential product designs. Managerial and theoretical applications are discussed.
"Decessit sine prole" Childlessness, Celibacy, and Survival of the Richest in Pre-Industrial England

In explaining England's early industrial development, previous research has highlighted that wealthy pre-industrial elites had more surviving offspring than their poorer counter- parts. Thus, entrepreneurial traits spread and helped England grow rich. We contest this view, showing that lowerclass reproduction rates were no different from the elites when accounting for singleness and childlessness. Elites married less and were more often childless. Many died without descendants (decessit sine prole). We find that the middle classes had the highest reproduction and argue that this advantage was instrumental to England's economic success because the middle class invested most strongly in human capital.