Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simplified per-survivor Kalman processing in fast frequency-selective fading channels

Per-survivor processing (PSP) is now seen as an attractive approach to performing maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) over mobile radio channels that are rapidly time varying. An optimal PSP strategy incorporates statistical channel modeling and Kalman filtering. For severely time-dispersive channels, this approach becomes prohibitively complex. A novel filtering algorithm is presented to approximate Kalman PSP. MLSE with the new scheme offers a large reduction in computational complexity, and achieves performance close to the optimal Kalman approach and superior to existing PSP schemes in rapidly fading channels. The exact expressions presented for the pairwise error probability of MLSE with Kalman PSP may be used to predict the detector performance without resorting to lengthly simulations.
Highlights of the Bullionist Controversy

This paper surveys the literature of the Bullionist controversy which dominated the development of Classical monetary economics between 1797 and the early 1820s. It highlights the contributions of Henry Thornton to the early phase of the debate, particularly his refutation of the Real Bill doctrine, and of David Ricardo to its later phases. The role of the Real Bills doctrine in the evidence given by directors of the Bank of England to the Bullion Committee of 1810 is also analysed. Ricardo's subsequent work on the resumption of convertibility, and the dissenting, sometimes inflationist, opinions of Thomas Attwood and the Birmingham School are then discussed. The paper ends with a brief account of how the Bullionist controversy influenced the later development of classical monetary economics in the 19th century.
Annexin A2/P11 interaction: New insights into annexin A2 tetramer structure by chemical crosslinking, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and computational modeling

During the past few years, the structural analysis of proteins and protein complexes by chemical crosslinking and mass spectrometry has enjoyed increasing popularity. With this approach we have investigated the quaternary structure of the complex between annexin A2 and p11, which is involved in numerous cellular processes. Although high‐resolution data are available for both interaction partners as well as for the complex between two p11 subunits and two annexin A2 N‐terminal peptides, the structure of the complete annexin A2/p11 heterotetramer has not yet been solved at high resolution. Thus, the quaternary structure of the biologically relevant, membrane‐bound annexin A2/p11 complex is still under discussion, while the existence of a heterotetramer or a heterooctamer is the prevailing opinion. We gained further insight into the spatial organization of the annexin A2/p11 heterotetramer by employing chemical crosslinking combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, tandem mass spectrometry served as a tool for an exact localization of crosslinked amino acid residues and for a confirmation of crosslinked product assignment. On the basis of distance constraints from the crosslinking data we derived structural models of the annexin A2/p11 heterotetramer by computational docking with Rosetta. We propose an octameric model for the annexin A2/p11 complex, which exerts annexin A2 function. The proposed structure of the annexin A2/p11 octamer differs from so far suggested models and sheds new light into annexin A2/p11 interaction. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low and High Turnover Bone Disease in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Effects of Low-Ca + Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an effective phosphate (P04) binder in uremics, and its use reduces aluminum (AI) intake. By maintaining high serum Ca2+, it decreases serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Hypercalcemia, however, often limits the dosage. In order to evaluate the effects of a low-Ca peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) (1.25 mmol/L) on Ca metabolism, we studied the following in 12 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with hypercalcemia (6 with low PTH levels, low-turnover bone disease, group 1, and 6 with high PTH levels, high-turnover bone disease, group 2, documented by bone biopsies): serum Ca2+; serum PTH; bone morphology. The follow-up was 12 months. Results show that in both groups within the third month there was a decrease in serum Ca2+. In group 1 serum PTH increased, reaching the norm, and In group 2 it further Increased exceeding the norm. Because In both groups serum Ca2+ was normal, It was possible to increase oral CaC03 (10.5±2.5 g/day) to control P04 levels and to stop AI gels. In group 2, In order to avoid the further rise of serum PTH, the low-Ca PDS was supplemented with 2 μg/day of 1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D3); this was followed by a reduction In serum PTH with no increase in Ca2+ and P04. The use of low-Ca PDS may be useful In preventing hypercalcemia In CAPD patients treated with high oral doses of CaC03 and in improving low-turnover bone disease, while low-Ca PDS supplemented with vitamin D3 improves high-turnover bone disease.
Fundamentos psicológicos de la autoeficacia emprendedora en jóvenes mexicanos

1 Correo electronico: cmsalva@ual.es 2 Correo electronico: morales@colpos.mx Cada dia proliferan mas las investigaciones sobre la autoeficacia emprendedora, pese a todo no se hallan conclusiones determinantes debido, entre otros aspectos, a la complejidad inherente del termino. En este sentido, con este trabajo se pretende comprobar la relacion existente entre la satisfaccion vital e inteligencia emocional y la percepcion de autoeficacia emprendedora, contando con una muestra de 58 jovenes Mexicanos del Campus de Ciudad de Puebla. Los datos obtenidos a traves de analisis de ecuaciones estructurales revelan que tanto la satisfaccion vital como la inteligencia emocional influyen en la autoeficacia. En concreto, todo apunta a que para ser eficaces en el autoempleo, los mexicanos consideran especialmente relevantes el manejo de las emociones y la satisfaccion vital. Aun mas, los elementos de la satisfaccion vital que mayor peso presentan se encuentran relacionados con las expectativas de condiciones vitales. En este sentido, la implicacion practica que se desprende de este trabajo es que resulta imprescindible conocer los juicios subjetivos de las personas para asegurar el exito en al autoeficacia emprendedora.
Influence of the type of training task on intermanual transfer effects in upper-limb prosthesis training: A randomized pre-posttest study

Intermanual transfer, the transfer of motor skills from the trained hand to the untrained hand, can be used to train upper limb prosthesis skills. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between the magnitude of the intermanual transfer effect and the type of training task. The used tasks were based on different aspects of prosthetic handling: reaching, grasping, grip-force production and functional tasks. A single-blinded clinical trial, with a pre-posttest design was executed. Seventy-one able-bodied, right-handed participants were randomly assigned to four training and two control groups. The training groups performed a training program with an upper-limb prosthesis simulator. One control group performed a sham training (a dummy training without the prosthesis simulator) and another control group received no training at all. The training groups and sham group trained on five consecutive days. To determine the improvement in skills, a test was administered before, immediately after, and one week after the training. Training was performed with the ‘unaffected’ arm; tests were performed with the ‘affected’ arm, with the latter resembling the amputated limb. In this study half of the participants trained with the dominant hand, while the other half trained with the non-dominant hand. Participants executed four tests that corresponded to the different training tasks. The tests measured the reaching (movement time and symmetry ratio), grasping (opening time, duration of maximum hand opening, and closing time), grip-force production (deviation of asked grip-force) and functional (movement time) performance. Half of the participants were tested with their dominant arm and half of the participants with their non-dominant arm. Intermanual transfer effects were not found for reaching, grasping or functional tasks. However, we did find intermanual transfer effects for grip-force production tasks. Possibly, the study design contributed to the negative results due to the duration of the training sessions and test sessions. The positive results of the grip-force production might be an effect of the specificity of the training, that was totally focused on training grip-force production. When using intermanual transfer training in novice amputees, specific training should be devoted to grip-force.
Upregulation of MicroRNA‐126 Contributes to Endothelial Progenitor Cell Function in Deep Vein Thrombosis via Its Target PIK3R2

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication of surgery. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited into resolving venous thrombi. In this report, we investigated the effects of miR‐126 on EPCs function and venous thrombus resolution. We demonstrated that overexpression of miR‐126 enhanced EPCs' migration and tubulogenic activity in vitro, and promoted EPCs' homing and thrombus resolving in vivo. Moreover, we identified that miR‐126 directly targeted PIK3R2 and affected PI3K/Akt signaling axis. Overall, our findings demonstrated that miR‐126 promoted EPCs function through suppressing PIK3R2 expression and modulation of miR‐126 may represent a potential therapeutic intervention for treating DVT. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1613–1623, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance of Holstein and crossbred dairy cattle in Louisiana. 1. First lactation production.

Abstract This study involved 64 Holstein-sired crossbreds, 64 Brown Swiss-sired cross-breds, and 20 daughters of crossbred sires. These were compared to contemporary Holsteins. The females were sired by 24 Holstein and 18 Brown Swiss bulls selected from AI studs, and four crossbred sires produced in the herd. The mean deviations of crossbreds from the age-adjusted five-month rolling herd average of contemporary Holsteins were: -86, -498, and -1,173kg of milk for Holstein-sired crosses, Brown Swiss-sired crosses, and daughters of crossbred sires, respectively. The purebred-sired crosses were significantly superior (P
Pain influences hedonic assessment of visual inputs

It is acknowledged that the emotional state created by visual inputs can modulate the way we feel pain; however, little is known about how acute pain influences the emotional assessment of what we see. In this study healthy subjects scored affective images while receiving painful or innocuous electrical shocks. Painful stimuli did not make unpleasant images more unpleasant, but rendered pleasant pictures significantly less pleasant. Brain responses to visual inputs (64‐channels electroencephalogram) mirrored behavioural results, showing pain‐induced effects in the orbitofrontal cortex, the subgenual portion of the cingulate gyrus, the anterior prefrontal and the temporal cortices, exclusively during presentation of pleasant images. In addition to this specific effect on pleasant pictures, pain also produced non‐specific effects upon all categories of images, engaging cerebral areas associated with attention, alertness and motor preparation (middle‐cingulate, supplemental motor, prefrontal cortex). Thus, pain appears to have a dual influence on visual processing: a non‐specific effect related to orienting phenomena; and a more specific action exerted on supra‐modal limbic areas involved in the production of affective states. The latter correlated with changes in the subjective appraisal of visual stimuli, and may underlie not only the change in their subjective assessment but also reactive processes aimed at coping with unpleasant contexts.
Watchful waiting in benign prostatic hyperplasia

Purpose of review Watchful waiting is a well known approach to the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In recent years, several large longitudinal studies have published their findings on the natural history of BPH. In addition, several other studies reporting the outcomes of patients randomized to medical treatment versus placebo have been used to extrapolate patients who are at low risk for progression. Recent findings Both longitudinal studies and randomized placebo-controlled trials have confirmed the progressive nature of BPH, with symptom progression being the most common manifestation. Variables such as baseline prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, symptom score and bother score, decreased flow rate, and increased postvoid residual have all been linked to progression to acute urinary retention and need for surgery. Summary Historically, not much has been known about the natural history of BPH and thus, who would be a good candidate for watchful waiting. In this review, we discuss the natural history of BPH and the outcomes of affected patients managed with watchful waiting, as well as variables predictive of progression.
Visceral versus Somatic Pain: Similarities and Differences

Inflammatory bowel disease and the irritable bowel syndrome are conditions characterized by chronic pain that generates persistent, hyperalgesic states in many regions of the body. It is difficult to explain the pain of conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome by extrapolating directly from what is known about the mechanisms of somatic pain. Visceral and somatic pain show many differences not only in the psychophysics of the sensation, but also in the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate the sensory process. The activation and sensitization of visceral nociceptors are heavily influenced by the secretory and motor properties of the microenvironment where the sensory receptors are located. In some cases, epithelial cells can play a direct role in the activation of primary sensory neurons. Subclinical alterations of the epithelium can contribute to enhanced visceral sensitivity. Central hypersensitivity induced by visceral activation also shows differences with its somatic counterpart. Mobilization of AMPA receptors from the cytosol to the membrane of nociceptive neurons has been identified as a mechanism of sensitization of visceral pain pathways. Finally, functional pain syndromes, such as irritable bowel syndrome could be triggered or maintained by hormonal alterations, particularly those involving sex hormones such as estrogen.
Centralization or Decentralization of Facial Structures in Korean Young Adults

AbstractIt is well known that facial beauty is dictated by facial type, and harmony between the eyes, nose, and mouth. Furthermore, facial impression is judged according to the overall facial contour and the relationship between the facial structures. The aims of the present study were to determine the optimal criteria for the assessment of gathering or separation of the facial structures and to define standardized ratios for centralization or decentralization of the facial structures.Four different lengths were measured, and 2 indexes were calculated from standardized photographs of 551 volunteers. Centralization and decentralization were assessed using the width index (interpupillary distance / facial width) and height index (eyes-mouth distance / facial height). The mean ranges of the width index and height index were 42.0 to 45.0 and 36.0 to 39.0, respectively. The width index did not differ with sex, but males had more decentralized faces, and females had more centralized faces, vertically. The incidence rate of decentralized faces among the men was 30.3%, and that of centralized faces among the women was 25.2%. The mean ranges in width and height indexes have been determined in a Korean population. Faces with width and height index scores under and over the median ranges are determined to be “centralized” and “decentralized,” respectively.
Delineating Social Phobia

The natural history-including psychiatric symptoms, precipitating factors, onset and course of illness, and personality characteristics-of 47 social phobics, 80 agoraphobics, and 72 simple phobics was examined. The social phobia group differed from the agoraphobia group by having a lower mean age, fewer females and married members, and a higher educational and occupational status. They were less fearful generally, less obsessive, and less likely to follow a fluctuating or phasic course. There was overlap between the two groups with regard to main phobias, and they were similar with regard to adjacent symptomatology. Both the social and agoraphobia groups differed in similar and significant ways from simple phobics.
Immunogold Labelling of Cytokines in Glomeruli in Children with Various Renal Diseases

Precise localization of cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 was observed in glomeruli using immunogold electron microscopy in 21 children with various types of renal diseases. The distribution pattern of these cytokines, as well as immunoglobulins, C3c and fibrinogen (Fg), was essentially confined to the electron-dense deposits (EDDs) regardless of their location. Frequency of positive labelling of each cytokine was different among various types of renal disorder, that is, TGF-β was found mainly in lupus nephritis (LN), membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy, TNF-α in LN, and IL-1 in Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. IL-6 was detected only in 1 case of LN. TNF-α was also found in the cytoplasm of glomerular epithelial cells. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the relation of cytokines to mesangial expansion, extracellular matrix components such as type IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin were stained. The result was that there was no significant correlation between the signal intensity or distribution pattern of cytokines and that of extracellular matrix components. These findings indicate that these cytokines could be associated with the formation of EDDs together with immunoglobulins, C3c and Fg. The involvement of each cytokine in renal pathophysiology might also depend upon the type of renal disease. They also raise the possibility that the glomerular epithelial cells might produce or absorb TNF-α. However, these results did not show significant correlation between cytokine involvement and mesangial expansion.
BPTF inhibits NK cell activity and the abundance of natural cytotoxicity receptor co-ligands

Using syngeneic BALB/c mouse breast cancer models, we show that the chromatin remodeling subunit bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor (BPTF) suppresses natural killer (NK) cell antitumor activity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In culture, BPTF suppresses direct natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) mediated NK cell cytolytic activity to mouse and human cancer cell lines, demonstrating conserved functions. Blocking mouse NCR1 in vivo rescues BPTF KD tumor weights, demonstrating its importance for the control of tumor growth. We discovered that BPTF occupies heparanase (Hpse) regulatory elements, activating its expression. Increased heparanase activity results in reduced cell surface abundance of the NCR co-ligands: heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Using gain and loss of function approaches we show that elevated heparanase levels suppress NK cell cytolytic activity to tumor cells in culture. These results suggest that BPTF activates heparanase expression, which in turn reduces cell surface HSPGs and NCR co-ligands, inhibiting NK cell activity. Furthermore, gene expression data from human breast cancer tumors shows that elevated BPTF expression correlates with reduced antitumor immune cell signatures, supporting conserved roles for BPTF in suppressing antitumor immunity. Conditional BPTF depletion in established mouse breast tumors enhances antitumor immunity, suggesting that inhibiting BPTF could provide a novel immunotherapy.
Are gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and laparoscopic ablation equally effective treatments for endometriosis?

Although both laparoscopic ablation and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) are treatments for endometriosis, there are no studies that directly compare these two treatment options. METHODS: This study compares the use of GnRHa therapy and laparoscopic ablation concerning symptom relief, recurrence of symptoms, safety, side effects of treatment and improvement of quality of life in women ages 18-50 with diagnosed endometriosis. The study design is an evidence-based literature review, assessing each study for its research design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, treatment results, adverse affects and conclusions. RESULTS: All but one research study showed that GnRHa are effective at improving quality of life by relieving endometriosis symptoms up to one year post treatment. Side effects were consistent with hypoestrogenemia and were non-life threatening. Laparoscopic ablation was found to successfully treat endometriosis symptoms, but fertility rates were not consistently improved. Adhesion formation, infection and organ injury were complications of surgery, but were low in incidence. CONCLUSIONS: There are many factors that are necessary to consider when determining the most appropriate therapy. Both GnRHa and laparoscopic ablation are safe, reduce symptoms and improve the overall quality of life, therefore more research is needed in order to determine specific parameters for each treatment.
Genetic analysis of oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1) in Indian families: two novel frameshift mutations in the TYR Gene.

PURPOSE Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1) patients demonstrate a partial or total lack of melanin in the skin, hair and eye. OCA1 is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TYR gene located at chromosome band 11q14-q25. The purpose of this study was to carry out genetic analysis of OCA1 in Indian families. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from blood leukocytes of all the individuals in this study. Haplotype analysis was performed at the TYR locus using informative microsatellite markers. Eight sets of primers were used to amplify the entire coding region of the TYR gene for bidirectional direct sequencing mutation analysis. RESULTS Two novel deletions (c.937del8, c.1379del2) and a previously known nonsense mutation (R278X) in the TYR gene were identified from a total of 8 oculocutaneous albinism patients in India. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the distribution of two novel frameshift and a previously reported nonsense mutations in four OCA1 families from the Indian population. These findings will contribute to the development of a diagnostic method for OCA1 carrier status and genetic counseling for OCA1 affected families.
MIGRATION IN ENGLAND DURING THE LATE SEVENTEENTH AND EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES

The author examines the current state of research on migration in early modern England and reviews existing sources of data and their problems. He then presents new data on migration for the years 1660 to 1730 from biographical material provided by some 7000 witnesses appearing before church courts. Regional and social variations in migration and the factors affecting it are discussed (ANNOTATION)