Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Market Hypothesis: Review of existing research and criticism

Over the past 40 years the importance of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is well documented and discussed. EMH is useful for analyzing the way equity markets function and consequently for providing appropriate information for investment decision. There is a huge body of research focused on EMH which provides empirical evidence that supports or rejects it. This paper provides a review of much of the published research in this broad area, throughout the said period. Empirical research on various equity markets, such as North American, European, Middle Eastern and North African, as well as Asian, are surveyed. A special attention is paid to the Greek stock market. Furthermore, evidence for the three forms of market efficiency, i.e. weak, semi-strong or strong is reviewed. It ought to be noted that certain tests initially used for empirical research have been recently replaced by newer ones that also measure nonlinear serial dependencies. An ascertainment derived from the reviewed literature is that a definitive conclusion supporting or rejecting EMH cannot be drawn. Further, an examination of various criticisms raised for EMH over the past years is conducted. Finally, a number of conclusions which can be reliably drawn from the evidence of the reviewed articles are discussed.
Characterization of nine alfalfa varieties for differences in ovule numbers and ovule sterility

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage species worldwide. In order to discover the mechanism of low seed production, two cytological experiments were carried out to investigate ovule numbers per floret and ovule fertility among nine different alfalfa varieties. Results showed that there was significant difference in ovule numbers per floret among the nine alfalfa varieties (P<0.05), and the number of ovules per floret ranged from 7 to 13. The highest ovule number was Huangyangzhen while the lowest one was Ladak. Results also showed that there was significant difference in ovule fertility among different alfalfa varieties (P<0.05), and the average percentage of ovule sterility was 34.90%. The highest percentage of ovule sterility was observed in Russia with 49.07%, while the lowest percentage sterility was 25.20% in Zhungeer. Alfalfa seed set under artificial-pollination showed a significantly linear correlation with ovules per floret (P<0.05) but no significant correlation under self-pollination treatments. The results showed that the fertile ovules per pistil accounted for 51-75% with total ovules per pistil, but the percentages of actual seed yields with potential seed yields of the nine varieties were only 2.49-6.06%, which suggested that ovule sterility maybe just one of the limiting factors for alfalfa seed production. Our results indicated that female fertility of alfalfa was remained in the nature reproductive ability, which was probably due to the breeding selection program of alfalfa that was mainly focused on yield or quality, but seldom on seed production.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Silver NanoparticlesBiosynthesized Using Fruit Juices

Synthesis of nanosized particles with antimicrobial property is of significance in therapeutic applications of nanotechnology. The present study reports an environmental friendly and rapid method for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity. This green synthetic method used various fruit juices like sweet lime, lime and orange as a reducing and capping agent for silver nitrate. Different thermal reduction methods-microwave oven and hot plate were used for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. The silver ions were reduced into silver nanoparticles within few minutes of reaction. Silver nanoparticles so prepared were characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope. An effort was also been made to predict the size of the silver nanoparticles using UV-visible spectra by Mie Scattering protocol. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed useful information about the morphology of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial property against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Agar well diffusion method was adopted to assay the nanoparticles for bactericidal activity against test organisms on nutrient agar plates. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from orange fruit juice were more effective as antibacterial agent. The maximum zones of inhibition of 8.0 mm, 6.0 mm, 8.0 mm and 5.0 mm were observed against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The study shows that gram negative bacteria are more susceptible to antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles. Such studies are crucial in the demonstration of therapeutic importance of silver nanoparticles.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation After Nonmyeloablative Conditioning

High-dose chemoor chemoradiotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been recognized as an effective therapy for a number of hematologic malignancies with tumor cells resistant to conventional doses of chemotherapy (1). The aims of the high-dose conditioning are (i) to abolish host immune responsiveness prior to transplantation to avoid graft rejection and (ii) to deliver doses of cytotoxic anticancer agents beyond the range that is toxic to the bone marrow cells, thereby potentially increasing antitumor efficacy (1). The curative potential of allogeneic HCT is not only due to the high-dose chemoradiotherapy but also due to immune-mediated graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects (2–4). The existence of a GVT effect was first suggested by Barnes et al. in 1956 (5). They observed that mice receiving syngeneic HCT and injection of congenic leukemic cells after total body irradiation (TBI) almost uniformly died from
NOVEL MICROPROPAGATION SYSTEM FOR EUCALYPTUS URO-GRANDIS ( 1 )

The in vitro culture and micropropagation of woody species, especially Eucalyptus spp. remains difficult. In this study, an alternative, lower cost film OTP ® which has characteristics similar to PFA film, made of TPX (4-methyl-1-pentane polymer) and CPP (a polypropylene), were evaluated to develop a novel disposable film culture vessel, termed “Vitron” for culturing Eucalyptus uro-grandis plantlets. Three film culture systems, “Miracle Pack” (MP), which is made of fluorocarbon polymer film (Neoflon ® PFA film) MP-PFA, MP-OTP (MP with OTP film) and Vitron, were placed under CO2 enrichment, low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and sugar-free medium. The phenol resin foam (Oasis) (OASIS ® , Smithers-Oasis, USA) was used as a substrate. The growth and development in vitro and ex vitro of E. uro-grandis shoots from the four leaves stage to the rooting stage were compared for all three culture systems. The effects of the extent and concentration of CO2 on E. uro-grandis growth cultured in the Vitron film culture system were also examined. The best growth and quality of E. uro-grandis plantlets were obtained by culturing the Vitron vessel placed in 3000 ppm CO2 enrichment 24 hours/day at a low PPFD with sugar-free liquid medium, and Oasis as a substrate. This study suggests that the novel Vitron culture system is suitable for the photoautotrophic micropropagation of E. uro-grandis.
Effect of alloy grain size on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of the austenitic steel TP 347

Generally, oxide scales formed on high Cr steels are multi-layered and the kinetics are strongly influenced by the alloy grain boundaries. In the present study, the oxidation behaviour of an austenite steel TP347 with different grain sizes was studied to identify the role of grain-boundaries in the oxidation process. Heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere at 1050 °C was applied to modify the grain size of the steel TP347. The mass gain during subsequent oxidation was measured using a microbalance with a resolution of 10-5 g. The scale morphology was examined using SEM in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Oxidation of TP347 with a grain size of 4 µm at 750 °C in air follows a parabolic rate law. For a larger grain size (65 µm), complex kinetics is observed with a fast initial oxidation followed by several different parabolic oxidation stages. SEM examinations indicated that the scale formed on specimens with smaller grain size was predominantly Cr2O3, with some FeCr2O4 at localized sites. For specimens with larger grain size the main oxide is iron oxide. It can be concluded that protective Cr2O3 formation is promoted by a high density of fast grain-boundary diffusion paths which is the case for fine-grained materials.
Patterns and processes of littoral zooplankton composition in relation to the trophic state of the environment

Avhandlingen handlar om hur kompositionen hos litoralt djurplankton varierar med omgivningens trofiska niva (m.a.o. eutrofieringsgrad). Arbetets inledande mal ar att beskriva hur mangden och artmangfalden hos djurplankton i strandnara vattnen och de omgivande organismsamhallen andras med narsaltshalter. Huvudsyftet ar att utreda allmanna mekanismer som styr dessa monster och som pa sa satt kan vara viktiga i att reglera samhallen aven i andra ekologiska system. Undersokningarna gjordes i alandska flador over flera tillvaxtsasonger samt i laboratorier dar omgivningsforhallanden i fladorna kunde simuleras och manipuleras. Djurplankton i dessa lagunlika vikar ar lagliga modellsystem. Flador ar lampligt avgransade fran det omgivande havet och forekommer allmant i norra Ostersjoregionen. Saledes kan de inom ett litet omrade som Aland representera hela regionala gradienten fran naringsfattiga till naringsrika forhallanden. De sma kraft- och hjuldjuren som djurplankton bestar av befinner sig i mitten av naringsvaven. De sammankopplar olika typer av mikrobiell produktion vidare till hogre konsumenter och ar pa sa satt centrala for organismsamhallens struktur och funktion i nastan alla akvatiska miljoer. I likhet med primarproducenterna (d.v.s. vaxter och alger som direkt paverkas av narsaltshalterna, och som bl.a. utgor foda och habitat for djurplankton) samvarierar kompositionen hos djurplankton tydligt med omgivningens trofiska niva tills den blir hog. Sedan borjar hela samhallskompositionen utveckla sig at tva skilda hall. Dessa monster kan for djurplanktonets del forklaras med att dess komposition ingalunda styrs endast av primarproducenterna, utan av ett komplicerat samspel mellan dessa resurser samt konkurrerande och hogre konsumenter (d.v.s. predatorer pa flera hogre trofinivaer). Detta kom fram speciellt i laboratorieforhallanden da kompositionen hos dessa samhallskomponenter manipulerades. Bade deras sammansattning och relativa tatheter i sig, samt en kombination av bada visade sig styra djurplanktonkompositionen. Lokala processer (inom fladorna) och synnerligen forandringar hos olika fundament- (speciellt vass, borstnate och rodstrafse), karn- (speciellt yngel av a bborre och mort) och nyckelarter (stora predatorer som gadda) verkar kunna avgora till vilken grad djurplanktonkompositionen samvarierar med omgivningens trofiska niva. Inte bara samhallen utan ocksa de mekanismer som styr dem andras med omgivningens trofiska niva. Flador ar ypperliga naturliga laboratorier for att studera dessa och aven andra allmanekologiska monster och mekanismer. De ar ocksa oerhort viktiga miljoer for hela kustregionens natur.
Predictors of Academic Achievement in Primary School Students

Academic achievement is considered an important indicator for successful future. The present study examines the role of intellectual functioning, study habits and behavioral adjustment in predicting academic achievement of primary school children. It was hypothesized that study habits and intellectual functioning would positively predict high academic achievement. It was also hypothesized that behavioral maladjustment (impulsivity and distractibility, delinquency, family dysfunction, somatic concerns, social skills deficits and social withdrawal) would predict low academic achievement. The sample consisted of 280 school children of grade 4 and 5 equally divided for high (n = 140) and low academic achievement (n = 140). Both boys (n = 143) and girls (n = 137) along their teachers (n = 54) and mothers (n = 280) participated in the study. Personality Inventory for Children (Lachar and Gruber, 2001) and Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (Raven, 1984) were administered along with a demographic information questionnaire. The results showed that delinquency and social withdrawal significantly predicted low academic achievement; however, family dysfunction, impulsivity and distractibility, social skills deficits, and somatic concerns did not significantly predict academic achievement. Implications of these results for parents, educationists, and school psychologists were discussed.
EVALUATION OF MILK PRODUCTION OF DAIRY GOATS FED ENSILED SUGARCANE TOPS WITH MULBERRY AND CALLIANDRA CALOTHYRSUS

Abstract A study was conducted to compare the effects of feeding Morus alba (Mulberry) with Calliandra calothyrsus (Calliandra) legume forages as protein supplements to a basal diet ensiled sugarcane tops. Twelve (12) dairy goats (Toggenburg, Alpine and their crosses) were used to measure feed intake and milk yields. Sugarcane tops silage was offered as a basal diet and supplemented with Mulberry and Calliandra each at two levels of 200g and 300g. The total DMI was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the supplemented groups than the unsupplemented group but not different among supplemented groups. The total DMI was lower (P<0.05) for the unsupplemented animals. Daily milk yields ranged from 0.12 to 0.28 kg/d. Total milk yields were similar across the groups. However, the highest total milk yield was produced by the group fed 300g Mulberry. Does fed diet D (200g Calliandra) had the highest DMI although milk yield was highest for does fed diet C (300g Mulberry).
Effect of ration composition fed to cows on the mobile bag digestibility

Four multiparous Danish Holstein Friesian cows fitted with rumen, duodenal and ileal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design to study the effect of different concentrate supplements on the intestinal digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen of artificially dried hay and rapeseed cake, estimated by the mobile bag method. Both original feeds and undegraded residues were examined. The cows were fed artificially dried hay ad libitum and one of four concentrate diets. The four concentrate diets represented two levels and two types of concentrate, where types were either dried sugar beet pulp or barley. High and low levels of concentrate were 6 and 1.5 kg/day, respectively. The type of the concentrates had no effect (P>0.05) on the total daily dry matter intake. Mobile bag N digestibility was generally not influenced by the ration fed to the cows. However, for undegraded residues of rapeseed cake a numerically small, but statistically significant higher mobile bag digestibility was found for dried sugar beet pulp compared to barley. For mobile bag dry matter digestibility the effects of ration were significant for both original and undegraded rapeseed cake whereas no effect was found for hay.
Use of sorghum on stepwise substitution of maize in broiler feeds in Niger

With an objective to demonstrate the merits of diets based on locally produced non-tannin sorghums as against Maize a total of 240 1-day-old broiler chicks Early bird strain were randomly allocated to 20 pens (12 birds per pen) with four pens per treatment and five treatments, at the Maradi Government poultry farm in Niger for a period of 12weeks. Birds were allowed to consume feed and water on an ad-libitum basis. The treatments diets were: i) Maize -based, ii) 75% Maize+25% Sorghum, iii) 50% Maize+50% Sorghum, iv) 25% Maize + 75% Sorghum, and v) Sorghum. Birds consumed water and feed on an ad-libitum basis with body weights recorded on day 0, 21, and 49. At the end of the experiment, 5 birds per pen were randomly chosen and slaughtered for carcass analysis. All growth and carcass data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using the Proc Mixed procedure of R. Live weight was used as a covariate during carcass data analysis. Bodyweight means of 41g at d-0 and 1419 g at d-49 were similar (P = 0.17) for birds fed on all five treatments. Mean Gain/feed (G/F) ratios were similar with a mean of 540 g/kg to d-49. Birds fed Maize based, sorghum-based or Maize-sorghum-based diets had similar growth performance and carcass characteristics. Thus, tannin free sorghum had nutritional value comparable to that of Maize, and in West Africa local sorghum is a good alternative for poultry feeds when grains price are similar.
Dimethylformamide Reduces Cerebral Ischaemia in Diabetic Rats Hours after Its Occurrence; A New Horizon

The antioxidant properties of dimethylformamide (DMF) depend on its interference with the hydroxyl-radical-transduction pathway. Diabetes is a risk factor of cerebral ischaemia (CI), and both entities are associated with oxidative stress (OS). We evalu- ated DMF’s effects on CI in non-diabetic rats (NDRs) and in diabetic rats (DRs). One hour after CI, the animals were divided into two treatment groups (300 μl subcutane- ous): either DMF or isotonic saline solution. Treatment effects were analysed in NDRs or DRs without CI. Eight hours after CI, a neurophysiologic score (NS) was determined; CI and OS biomarkers were measured in the ischaemic cerebral hemisphere. Infarct/oedema volumes were measured on dyed brain slices. DMF reduced infarct volume in NDRs and DRs but only improved the NS in DRs. Basal concentrations of all the biomarkers were similar in the NDRs and DRs. Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) did not change with DMF. Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with CI, and DMF only reduced it in DRs. RAGE, nitrite/nitrate and nitrotyrosine increased with CI only in DRs (all prevented by DMF). We conclude that DMF’s benefits on CI were greater in the DRs due to a higher susceptibility of diabetic animals to the OS produced by CI. The results open a new hori- zon in CI treatment since DMF has not been investigated before.
Stellar mass map and dark matter distribution in M 31

Aims. Stellar mass distribution in the Andromeda galaxy (M 31) is estimated using optical and near-infrared imaging data. Combining the derived stellar mass model with various kinematical data, properties of the dark matter (DM) halo of the galaxy are constrained. Methods. SDSS observations through the ugriz filters and the Spitzer imaging at 3.6 microns are used to sample the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the galaxy at each imaging pixel. Intrinsic dust extinction effects are taken into account by using far-infrared observations. Synthetic SEDs created with different stellar population synthesis models are fitted to the observed SEDs, providing estimates for the stellar mass surface density at each pixel. The stellar mass distribution of the galaxy is described with a 3-dimensional model consisting of a nucleus, a bulge, a disc, a young disc and a halo component, each following the Einasto density distribution (relations between different functional forms of the Einasto density distribution are given in Appendix B). By comparing the stellar mass distribution to the observed rotation curve and kinematics of outer globular clusters and satellite galaxies, the DM halo parameters are estimated. Results. Stellar population synthesis models suggest that M 31 is dominated by old (>7 Gyr) stars throughout the galaxy, with the
Majocchi’s Granuloma in a Healthy Adult Man – a Case Report

Abstract Majocchi’s granuloma was first described by Domenico Majocchi in 1883, as a deep chronic dermatophyte infection of hair follicles, in which dermatophytes penetrate the dermis through hair canals, forming granulomatous changes in the dermis and/or hypodermis. Majocchi’s granuloma has two different clinical variants: the first is a small perifollicular papular type, seen in otherwise healthy individuals, that occurs secondary to trauma (e.g. in women with chronic tinea pedis that extends to the legs and who shave their legs); the second is a type with deep plaques or nodular lesions in immunocompromised hosts. The diagnosis is primarily made using direct microscopy of unstained specimens and fungal cultures, while additional diagnostics (histology, PCR) are generally not necessary. It is most commonly caused by Trichophyton rubrum. We present a 26-year-old otherwise healthy man exhibiting blue erythematous patches over the skin of his abdomen on clinical examination, which agglomerated to form slightly raised plaques with irregular ovoid contours, spreading from umbilicus to the pubic region; they were covered with multiple red-blue, erythematous partly coalescing scales, eroded, firm papules and nodules. On pressure, some nodules excreted viscid and turbid sero-purulent content. The lesions were slightly itchy. The patient was previously unsuccessfully treated during at least 4 weeks with a topical steroid cream prescribed by his physician. Direct microscopy for fungi of skin scrapings and pus mounted in potassium hydroxide was negative. Cultures of the contents and scrapings were performed on Sabouraud’s glucose agar and Trichophyton rubrum was isolated. The diagnosis of Majocchi’s granuloma was made, and the patient was treated with itraconazole (200 mg daily) for eight weeks, when all lesions resolved and fungal culture was negative. Misapplication of topical corticosteroids over a long period, as in our case, can produce Majocchi’s granuloma. When assessing skin lesions of unusual appearance, especially if aggravated by corticosteroids, dermatologists and general practitioners should consider tinea incognito, which may appear in its invasive form of Majocchi’s granuloma. The available world literature shows that Majocchi’s granuloma presenting as tinea incognito caused by topical corticosteroids has been reported extremely rarely.
Perinatal and Maternal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Polyhydramnios: A Hospital Based Study

Background: Polyhydramnios is the term for abnormal increase in the amniotic fluid. It has been shown that AFI is quite reliable in determining normal or elevated volumes. The aim of this study to evaluated the perinatal and maternal outcome in pregnant women with polyhydramnios. Material & Methods: This analytical study was conducted on 300 unselected pregnancies attending in Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Bhilwara, Rajasthan. Most of the cases of polyhydramnios were admitted in the hospital till they delivered, other patients were followed up as outpatient and they were admitted to the hospital for delivery. Pregnancy outcome were recorded for the patients who were classified as having an excess amount of amniotic fluid. Results: In our study showed that out 0f 300 patients, 168 (56%) were in the age group of 21-25 yrs, 62.3% cases were multigravida in our study. In our study 73% of the cases were delivered vaginally. Out of which 15% were induced and 58% were delivered spontaneously. 27% of the cases were delivered by LSCS, out of which 16% were emergency LSCS and 11% were elective LSCS. In our study there were many perinatal complications. Out of them preterm birth was the most common complication. Conclusion: The conclusion of this prospective study was occurrence of polyhydramnios is directly related to advanced maternal age with multigravida. Caesarean section as a mode of delivery was found to be higher in cases of polyhydramnios.