Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Family Foster Parents Who Quit, Consider Quitting, and Plan to Continue Fostering

We examine why some foster families continue to foster whereas others do not. Reasons for quitting include lack of agency support, poor communication with caseworkers, lack of say in foster children's future, and difficulties with foster children's behavior. As compared with continuing foster parents, former foster parents and foster parents planning to quit say that they receive less postlicensure training and are less likely to have a foster-parent mentor. As compared with continuing and former foster parents, current foster parents planning to quit are more likely to say they need day care, transportation, and help with health-care costs.
Unique Genetic and Survival Characteristics of Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung

Introduction: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma is a unique histologic subtype of lung cancer, and our knowledge of its genetic and clinical characteristics is rapidly evolving. Here, we present next- generation sequencing analysis of nucleotide variant and fusion events along with clinical follow-up in a series of lung mucinous adenocarcinoma. Methods: We collected 72 mucinous adenocarcinomas from the United States and Korea. All had been previously assessed for KRAS and EGFR mutations. For KRAS wild-type cases (n = 30), we performed deep targeted next-generation sequencing for gene fusions and nucleotide variants and correlated survival and other clinical features. Results: As expected, KRAS mutations were the most common alteration found (63% of cases); however, the distribution of nucleotide position alterations was more similar to that observed in gastrointestinal tumors than other lung tumors. Within the KRAS-negative cases, we found numerous potentially targetable gene fusions and mutations, including CD74-NRG1, VAMP2-NRG1, TRIM4-BRAF, TPM3-NTRK1, and EML4-ALK gene fusions and ERBB2, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. Unexpectedly, we found only two cases with TP53 mutation, which is much lower than observed in lung adenocarcinomas in general. The overall mutation burden was low in histologically confirmed mucinous adenocarcinomas from the public The Cancer Genome Atlas exome data set, regardless of smoking history, suggesting a link between TP53 status and mutation burden in mucinous tumors. There was no significant difference for recurrence-free survival between stage-matched mucinous and nonmucinous adenocarcinomas. It was notable that all recurrence sites were in the lungs for completely resected cases. Conclusions: Our data suggest that mucinous adenocarcinoma is typified by (1) frequent KRAS mutations and a growing list of gene fusions, but rare TP53 mutations, (2) a low mutation burden overall, and (3) a recurrence-free survival similar to stage-matched nonmucinous tumors, with recurrences limited to the lungs.
The Effects of Sociodemographic Variables, Training, and Attitudes on the Lifetime Reporting Practices of Mandated Reporters

This study examined the effects of sociodemographic, training, and attitudinal variables on the child maltreatment lifetime reporting proportion (LRP) of 382 randomly selected pediatricians, master's level social workers (MSWs), and physician assistants (PAs). Findings indicated a lifetime mean of 24 suspected cases of child maltreatment and an average of 16 reported cases with an LRP of 69%. Pediatricians reported the highest LRP (76%), followed by MSWs (63%) and PAs (60%); differences in LRP were partially reduced to nonsignificance after adjusting for the other independent variables. Multivariate analysis revealed that the strongest predictors of LRP were case-related attitudes, professional concerns, institutional setting, and the amount of training the professional received. These results demonstrate the importance of professional education and opinions of mandated reporters in reporting practices.
Perioperative versus Preoperative Chemotherapy with Surgery in Patients with Resectable Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus: A Phase III Randomized Trial

Background: Perioperative chemotherapy for resectable squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus remains elusive. Thus, we assessed whether a perioperative regimen of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5- fluorouracil (PCF) improved outcomes among patients with curable squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus comparing with preoperative chemotherapy alone. Methods: Overall, 346 patients with resectable squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus were randomly assigned to receive surgery plus perioperative chemotherapy (175, arm A) or preoperative chemotherapy (171, arm B). Both arms received two preoperative cycles of PCF: intravenous paclitaxel (100 mg per square meter of body surface area) and cisplatin (60 mg per square meter of body surface area) on day 1, and a continuous intravenous infusion of 5- fluorouracil (700 mg per square meter of body surface area per day) for 5 days. Arm A received two added postoperative cycles of PCF. The primary end point was relapse-free survival, and the secondary end point was overall survival. Results: Compared with preoperative chemotherapy group, perioperative chemotherapy group had a greater likelihood of 5-year relapse-free survival (hazard ratio for relapse, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.73; 31% versus 17%, p < 0.001) and of 5-year overall survival (hazard ratio for death, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.59–0.95; 38% versus 22%, p < 0.001). A pathologic complete response rate was achieved in 77 of 320 patients (24.1%) who underwent resection after chemotherapy. The increased PCF-related toxic events were not detected with the addition of two postoperative cycles of PCF. Conclusion: In patients with operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, perioperative regimen of PCF can significantly improve 5-year relapse-free and overall survival comparing with preoperative chemotherapy alone. (The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01225523.)
Characterization of transgene expression and pDNA distribution of the suctioned kidney in mice

Abstract We have previously developed an efficient and safe transfection method for the kidney in mice: renal suction-mediated transfection. In this study, we verified the detailed characteristics of transgene expression and plasmid DNA (pDNA) in mice to develop therapeutic strategies and application to gene function analysis in the kidney. After naked pDNA was administered intravenously, the right kidney was immediately suctioned by a tissue suction device. We examined the spatial distribution of transgene expression and pDNA in the suctioned kidney using tissue clearing by CUBIC, ClearT2, and Scale SQ reagents. Spatial distribution analysis showed that pDNA was transfected into extravascular cells and sufficiently delivered to the deep renal cortex. In addition, we revealed that transgene expression occurred mainly in peritubular fibroblasts of the suctioned kidney by tissue clearing and immunohistochemistry. Next, we confirmed the periods of pDNA uptake and activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-κB and activator protein 1 by luciferase assays. Moreover, the use of a pCpG-free plasmid enabled sustained transgene expression in the suctioned kidney. In conclusion, analyses of the spatial distribution and immunostaining of the section suggest that pDNA and transgene expression occurs mainly in peritubular fibroblasts of the suctioned kidney. In addition, we clarified some factors for efficient and/or sustained transgene expression in the suctioned kidney.
GUILT, SHAME, AND SUICIDAL IDEATION IN A MILITARY OUTPATIENT CLINICAL SAMPLE

Increased suicide risk among US military personnel is a growing concern. Research has linked trauma exposure, including exposure to combat‐related injuries, death, and atrocities to suicidal ideation among combat veterans. Guilt (feeling bad about what you did to another) and shame (feeling bad about who you are) have been proposed as potential contributors to suicidal ideation among military personnel, but have not yet received much empirical attention.
Introduction to The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus, and Heart.

®orld Health Organization (WHO) Classifications of Tumors have historically provided a global standard for tumor diagnosis. Familiarity with these classifications is essential for clinicians because they provide the foundation for accurate patient diagnosis and optimal medical management. In addition, the diagnostic terminology and criteria recommended by the WHO should be incorporated into study design of clinical trials and molecular studies such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). WHO Classifications are periodically updated to incorporate important advances to make them relevant to current knowledge and clinical practice. The 2015 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart has just been published 1 and the Journal of Thoracic Oncology will be publishing a series of articles summarizing key points about the new classification outlining the major changes from the 2004 classification. 2–4 † The International Association for Research on Cancer (IARC) under the leadership of Dr. Hiroko Ohgaki coordinated this project and was the publisher of this book. IARC hosted a consensus meeting in Lyon, France, April 24–26, 2014, where all major changes in the classification from the 2004 book were discussed and approved (Figure). The 2015 WHO Classification features the incorporation of many exciting new advances in thoracic tumor diagnosis and classification. It was formulated by a multidisciplinary group of international experts with broad international representation. The primary changes in the lung classification, which are highlighted in the first paper in this series, 3 relate to lung cancer where over the past decade remarkable progress in genetics and therapy has had a major impact on tumor classification. These most significant changes are consequent to the 2011 IASLC/ATS/ERS Classification 5 including recommendations for routine molecular testing and use of immunohistochemistry, a new approach to small biopsies and cytology and a novel way of subtyping of surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas that has provided a powerful new tool for identifying prognostic and molecular correlations. Large scale genomic studies from the TCGA 6,7 and Clinical Lung Cancer Genome Project 8 provided a strong genetic foundation for reclassification of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. These changes have major clinical relevance as histologic type and genetics are now driving personalized medicine for lung cancer patients. New concepts in adenocarcinoma classification with lepidic versus invasive patterns are also having an impact on the approach to tumor size measurement for TNM staging of small tumors ≤3cm and therefore the surgical management of patients. Support from the IASLC, through their Pathology Committee and by providing multidisciplinary input, contributed greatly to the development of this classification. 5,9
Relationship between functional tests and knee muscular isokinetic parameters in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

To measure quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength with Isokinetic dynamometer in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and also to examine the relationship between muscle strength and functional test scores and subjective assessment. In this case-control study a total of 30 subjects (15 healthy and 15 patients with diagnosed PFPS) completed Kujala questionnaire concerning subjective functional knee assessment. Then muscle strength was measured with Isokinetic dynamometer in sitting position during 10 to 90 degree of knee flexion in 60 and 120 degree per sec speeds. Finally two kinds of functional tests (step down and semi-squat) were performed by each subject. There was no relationship between functional test scores and Isokinetic strength assessment. There was a poor relationship between functional test scores and Kujala questionnaire score (r = 0.47 for semi squat test and 0.37 for step down test). The overall mean scores of quadriceps Isokinetic parameter in 60 degree per sec speed, functional test scores and KuJala subjective knee assessment scores was less in patients with PFPS. This study showed that both Isokinetic dynamometry and functional tests must be done individually in patients with PFPS.
A PILOT RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR PERINATAL DEPRESSION ADAPTED FOR WOMEN WITH LOW INCOMES

Perinatal women with identified depression in prenatal care settings have low rates of engagement and adherence with depression‐specific psychotherapy. We report the feasibility and symptom outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) modified (mCBT) to address the needs of perinatal, low‐income women with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IN VULNERABLE GROUPS OF OLDER ADULTS, THEIR COURSE AND TREATMENT, AND PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY

Although a number of epidemiology studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) in older adults have been reported, most of them suffer four limitations: (1) the sample was not nationally representative; (2) the sample was relatively small or only one or two sociodemographic correlates of MDD were examined; (3) psychiatric comorbidity was not examined; and (4) the clinical characteristics of MDD were not reported. This study (1) examines the prevalence of DSM‐IV MDD across different demographics, especially the vulnerable ones; (2) identifies clinical characteristics of DSM‐IV MDD, such as onset, course, and treatment; and (3) evaluates the comorbidity of DSM‐IV MDD with anxiety disorder, substance‐use disorder, and personality disorder.
Management of incomplete remission and treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis

Background: Incomplete remission and treatment resistance are common even in first-episode psychosis patients. Objective: The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the available interventions and treatment pathways for the management of incomplete remission and treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis. Methods: The review undertook a computerized and manual literature search for relevant articles published within recent years. Results: Standard therapy has to be optimized in order to prevent treatment non-response. The early detection strategies of incomplete remission and treatment resistance include re-evaluation of the diagnosis and optimization of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions including the treatment of co-morbid disorders. If partial or non-response is confirmed, pharmacological and psychosocial treatment adaptations should be applied stepwise as presented in the current review. Interventions have to be offered in a timely manner because early adaptation of treatment is associated with a greater probability of remission.
Acute animal studies on electrically induced collision block of pudendal nerve motor activity

In this paper we describe acute experiments in five adult male dogs on testing of a pudendal nerve cuff electrode implant for collision block of motor signals to the periurethral sphincter. The average quasi‐trapezoidal stimulus parameters at an “operating point” where antidromic unidirectionally propagating action potentials (needed to produce a motor collision block) were most effectively produced were regulated current level of 14.2 mA (S.D. 2.3 mA), pulse width of 500 μsec (S.D. 71 μsec), and a 90% to 10% exponential fall‐time (following the rectangular stimulus phase) of 840 μsec (S.D. 147 μsec). With these parameters for single monophasic stimuli, an average pressure reduction at the distal urethra of 89% (S.D. 6%) could be elicited in comparison to the maximal single stimulus pressure response. In two tests of collision block with stimulus trains a substantial decrease in distal urethral pressure could be elicited using either monophasic or the electrochemically preferable balanced‐charge biphasic (BCB) waveforms (e.g., pressure reductions of 76% and 89% with 30 Hz BCB collision block).
SMOKING AND SUICIDALITY IN SUBJECTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY ON ALCOHOL AND RELATED CONDITIONS (NESARC)

Smoking in patients with bipolar disorder is known to be related to suicidality. This link has not been investigated, however, in community‐based samples. The aim of this study is to delineate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of bipolar smokers and examine the relationship between these characteristics and suicidal ideation or attempts in an epidemiologic database, the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).
Differential Effects of GdCl3‐ or MDP Treatment on Rat Liver Microcirculation and Gene Expression in the Hepatic Non‐Parenchymal Cell Fraction in LPS Shock

Background: Dichloromethylenebisphosphonate (MDP) and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) are substances frequently used for experimental depletion of Kupffer Cells (KC) in models of endotoxin shock. The aim was to determine whether depletion of KC through pretreatment with GdCl3 or MDP alters the hepatic microcirculation during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced shock in rats and to test if there are substance‐specific differences. Methods: Rats received either MDP or GdCl3 or saline prior to induction of LPS shock. Hepatic microcirculation was evaluated by intravital microscopy (sinusoidal diameter, sinusoidal bloodflow, leukocyte adhesion), and the gene expression in the hepatic non‐parenchymal cell fraction was determined by RT‐PCR. Results: GdCl3 pretreatment prevented sinusoidal narrowing but did not restore sinusoidal blood flow and did not normalize leukocyte‐endothelial interaction time after LPS. In contrast, MDP pretreatment improved hepatic microcirculation consistently for all parameters measured compared to GdCl3 pretreated animals. In the non‐parenchymal cell fraction, eNOS gene expression was preserved and gene expression of TNF‐α was blocked after MDP but not after GdCl3 application prior to LPS shock. Conclusions: The results show that GdCl3 and MDP cannot be used equivalently for experimental KC depletion in the condition of LPS‐induced shock. These findings should be taken into consideration in studies that evaluate the role of Kupffer cells in models of endotoxin‐induced shock.
EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR INSOMNIA: INFLUENCE OF SLIGHT‐TO‐MODERATE DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOM SEVERITY AND WORRYING

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) is a well‐known, effective treatment for primary insomnia. However, the majority of sleeping problems occur in the presence of another medical or psychiatric disorder. Depression and general anxiety disorder (with a main feature of excessive generalized worrying) are disorders that frequently co‐occur with insomnia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether depressive symptom severity or worrying influences the subjective effectiveness of CBT‐I.
THE ROLE OF PSYCHIATRIC, CARDIOMETABOLIC, AND MUSCULOSKELETAL COMORBIDITY IN THE RECURRENCE OF DEPRESSION‐RELATED WORK DISABILITY

Comorbid psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disease, chronic hypertension, diabetes, and musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent in depression. However, the extent to which these conditions affect the recurrence of depression‐related work disability is unknown. The specific aims of the study were to investigate the extent to which comorbid other psychiatric disorders, cardiometabolic, and musculoskeletal conditions were associated with the recurrence of depression‐related work disability among employees who had returned to work after a depression‐related disability episode.
BCL-2 Expression is Prognostic for Improved Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective: We used a large patient population to identify immunohistochemical biomarkers to enable improved prognostication in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Methods: A tissue microarray was constructed using duplicate 0.6 mm cores of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 609 patients with NSCLC. Immunohistochemical was used to detect 11 biomarkers including epidermal growth factor receptor, Her2, Her3, p53, p63, bcl-1, bcl-2, Thyroid transcription factor, carcinoembryonic antigen, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. A clinical database was generated prospectively at the time of tissue collection. Survival outcomes were obtained from a Provincial Cancer Registry database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to look for a relationship between biomarker expression, smoking history, and survival. Results: Survival data for 535 cases were available. As of June 2005, 429 patients (80%) had died; of these 286 (54%) died of lung cancer, 117 (22%) died of other known causes, and for 26 (5%) the cause of death was not available. Univariate analysis revealed that bcl-2 (p = 0.007) was the only biomarker prognostic for improved overall survival (OS). bcl-2 (p = 0.021) and p63 (p = 0.025) were both found to be prognostic for improved disease-specific survival (DSS). Multivariate analysis (using age and biomarker expression) revealed that bcl-2 expression is prognostic for improved OS (p = 0.005) and DSS (p = 0.021). Conclusions: Our results suggest that bcl-2 expression is prognostic for improved OS and DSS in NSCLC. Testing for bcl-2 expression in a prospective study will help to determine its clinical relevance in prognostication.
A META‐ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY AND MEDICATION FOR CHILD OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDER: MODERATORS OF TREATMENT EFFICACY, RESPONSE, AND REMISSION

Individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) for the treatment of youth with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Although meta‐analyses have confirmed these results, there has been minimal examination of treatment moderators or an examination of treatment response and symptom/diagnostic remission for these two treatment types. The present report examined the treatment efficacy, treatment response, and symptom/diagnostic remission for youth with OCD receiving either CBT or SRIs relative to comparison conditions, and examined treatment moderators.
RehAtt – scanning training for neglect enhanced by multi-sensory stimulation in Virtual Reality

Background: There is a lack of effective treatment for neglect. We have developed a new training method, RehAtt™. The objective of this study was to determine whether RehAtt™ improves spatial attention in chronic neglect after stroke. Methods: RehAtt™ consists of a computer with monitor, 3D glasses, and a force feedback interface (Robotic pen) giving sensory motor activation to the contra-lesional arm. The software combines visual scanning training with multi-sensory stimulation in 3D virtual reality (VR) game environment. Fifteen stroke patients with chronic neglect (duration > 6 month) had repeated baseline evaluations to confirm stability of symptoms. There were no test–retest effects for any of the tests. Thereafter, all patients trained 15 h in RehAtt™ (3 × 1 h for 5 weeks). A neglect test battery and Catherine Bergego Scale, CBS, were used to assess behavioral outcome after intervention. CBS was also used at a 6-month follow-up. Results: Using repeated measurement analysis improvements due to the training were found for Star cancellation test (p = 0.006), Baking tray task (p < 0.001), and Extinction test (p = 0.05). In the Posner task improvements were seen fewer missed targets (p = 0.024). CBS showed improvements in activities of daily life immediately after training (p < 0.01). After 6 months the patients still reported improvement in CBS. Conclusion: RehAtt™ is a new concept for rehabilitation of neglect. Training with the VR-method improved spatial attention and showed transfer to improved spatial attention in activities of daily living in chronic neglect. Our results are promising and merit further studies.