Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is There Life After Policy Streams, Advocacy Coalitions, and Punctuations: Using Evolutionary Theory to Explain Policy Change?

This article reviews the current state of public policy theory to find out if researchers are ready to readdress the research agenda set by the classic works of Baumgartner and Jones (1993), Kingdon (1984) and Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith (1993). After reviewing the influences of institutional, rational choice, network, socio-economic and ideational approaches, the article pays tribute to the policy streams, punctuated equilibrium and policy advocacy coalition frameworks whilst also suggesting that future theory and research could identify more precisely the causal mechanisms driving policy change. The article argues that evolutionary theory may usefully uncover the micro-level processes at work, particularly as some the three frameworks refer to dymamic models and methods. After reviewing some evolutionary game theory and the study of memes, the article suggests that the benefits of evolutionary theory in extending policy theories need to be balanced by its limitations.
Intracellular translation initiation factor levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their role in cap‐complex function

Knowledge of the balance of activities of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) is critical to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying translational control. We have therefore estimated the intracellular levels of 11 eIFs in logarithmically growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against recombinant proteins. Those factors involved in 43S complex formation occur at levels comparable (i.e. within a 0.5‐ to 2.0‐fold range) to those published for ribosomes. In contrast, the subunits of the cap‐binding complex eIF4F showed considerable variation in their abundance. The helicase eIF4A was the most abundant eIF of the yeast cell, followed by eIF4E at multiple copies per ribosome, and eIF4B at approximately one copy per ribosome. The adaptor protein eIF4G was the least abundant of the eIF4 factors, with a copy number per cell that is substoichiometric to the ribosome and similar to the abundance of mRNA. The observed excess of eIF4E over its functional partner eIF4G is not strictly required during exponential growth: at eIF4E levels artificially reduced to 30% of those in wild‐type yeast, growth rates and the capacity for general protein synthesis are only minimally affected. This demonstrates that eIF4E does not exercise a higher level of rate control over translation than other eIFs. However, other features of the yeast life cycle, such as the control of cell size, are more sensitive to changes in eIF4E abundance. Overall, these data constitute an important basis for developing a quantitative model of the workings of the eukaryotic translation apparatus.
Savings, Investment, Productivity and Economic Growth of Australia 1861-1990: Some Explorations

Policy makers' concerns over sub-optimal savings rates in Australia mistakenly concentrate on symptoms rather than causes of low rates of growth in investment and productivity. A growth model of a small open economy is used to demonstrate possible interdependencies of these variables which are tested using cointegration and long-run Granger causality techniques for the periods 1861-1900 and 1949-90. As expected, no direct long-run relationship is found between savings and investment. However the interactions between investment and productivity growth are found to be complex and evolving, whilst savings appear to be determined residually in the growth process. Copyright 2000 by The Economic Society of Australia.
Pragmatic Functions of Presupposition in Advertising English

The functions of advertisement always give rise to the fact that trust and co-operation between the interlocutors are limited or lacking. Presupposition is frequently employed in order to enhance function of advertising language implicitly because of its own special properties and characteristics. This article refers to the historical and theoretical background of the study of presupposition and indicates pragmatic functions of presupposition in advertising English.
E-Complaint

SUMMARY This study looks at the recent phenomenon of online or e-consumer complaints often referred to as e-complaints and stresses that travel and tourism professionals should address such complaints. E-complaints are then examined using the service recovery process. A detailed examination of the service recovery literature is undertaken. Suggestions for the future direction of e-complaint research are also made.
Short-selling constraints and ‘quantitative’ investment strategies

This study uses stock lending data from Data Explorers to assess the impact of short-selling constraints on the profitability of eight investment strategies. Returns from unconstrained long–short portfolios are compared with those from ‘feasible’ portfolios, constrained to short-selling only those shares that can be borrowed. We find that only a small percentage of the firms identified by Datastream for short-selling are available for lending, but our results suggest that differences in profitability between unconstrained and feasible strategies are statistically insignificant. We also find that the stock borrowing fee for the majority of the strategies is normally less than 1% per annum, showing that prior UK studies, which assumed that the short-selling fee is flat at 1.50% per annum, have overestimated such cost. Overall, these results indicate that stock loan unavailability and stock borrowing fees do not explain the persistence of returns from anomaly-exploiting quantitative investment strategies in the UK stock market.
Crafting the Neoliberal State: Workfare, Prisonfare, and Social Insecurity1

In Punishing the Poor, I show that the ascent of the penal state in the United States and other advanced societies over the past quarter-century is a response to rising social insecurity, not criminal insecurity; that changes in welfare and justice policies are interlinked, as restrictive ‘‘workfare’’ and expansive ‘‘prisonfare’’ are coupled into a single organizational contraption to discipline the precarious fractions of the postindustrial working class; and that a diligent carceral system is not a deviation from, but a constituent component of, the neoliberal Leviathan. In this article, I draw out the theoretical implications of this diagnosis of the emerging government of social insecurity. I deploy Bourdieu’s concept of ‘‘bureaucratic field’’ to revise Piven and Cloward’s classic thesis on the regulation of poverty via public assistance, and contrast the model of penalization as technique for the management of urban marginality to Michel Foucault’s vision of the ‘‘disciplinary society,’’ David Garland’s account of the ‘‘culture of control,’’ and David Harvey’s characterization of neoliberal politics. Against the thin economic conception of neoliberalism as market rule, I propose a thick sociological specification entailing supervisory workfare, a proactive penal state, and the cultural trope of ‘‘individual responsibility. ’’ This suggests that we must theorize the prison not as a technical implement for law enforcement, but as a core political capacity whose selective and aggressive deployment in the lower regions of social space violates the ideals of democratic citizenship.
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT, PUBLIC VALUE AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND UNEMPLOYMENT PILOT PROJECT

This paper analyses the regulatory, commercial and socio-economic goals underlying UK public procurement policy, highlighting the conflicts inherent between them and arguing that there is an overemphasis on commercial goals. A critique of the market model leads to consideration of the utility of the ‘public value’ concept as a means of assessing the achievement of public procurement goals in a balanced way through a greater emphasis on public consultation and the impacts and outcomes of procurement. An analytical framework is proposed, based on public value, against which to assess the delivery of public procurement policies. The framework is used to analyse a pilot project conducted in Northern Ireland on increasing employment through public service and construction projects. The paper demonstrates the achievement of a range of procurement goals and values and concludes by calling both for further research into the validity of the concept of public value and more extensive application of the framework.
Employee commitment to the implementation of flexible manufacturing systems

Empirically examines the factors contributing to employee commitment in the implementation of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), a class of highly automated manufacturing systems. Identifies and categorizes a number of employee commitment elements from diverse disciplines into five factors, using a confirmatory factor analysis approach. A linear regression analysis was performed with the perceived level of employee commitment to FMS implementation as the dependent variable and five factors including educational opportunity, job discretion, management support, job security, and financial incentives as the explanatory variables. In the regression analysis, the educational opportunity factor entered the model, suggesting that it is a significant factor constituting employee commitment for successful FMS implementation.
Salience vs. Commitment: Dynamics of Political Hashtags in Russian Twitter

Social media sites like Twitter enable users to engage in the spread of contagious phenomena: everything from information and rumors to social movements and virally marketed products. In particular, Twitter has been observed to function as a platform for political discourse, allowing political movements to spread their message and engage supporters, and also as a platform for information diffusion, allowing everyone from mass media to citizens to reach a wide audience with a critical piece of news. Previous work1 suggests that different contagious phenomena will display distinct propagation dynamics, and in particular that news will spread differently through a population than other phenomena. We leverage this theory to construct a system for classifying contagious phenomena based on the properties of their propagation dynamics, by combining temporal and network features. Our system, applicable to phenomena in any social media platform or genre, is applied to a dataset of news-related and political hashtags diffusing through the population of Russian Twitter users. Our results show that news-related hashtags have a distinctive pattern of propagation across the spectrum of Russian Twitter users. In contrast, we find that political hashtags display a number of different dynamic signatures corresponding to different politically active sub-communities. Analysis using ‘chronotopes’ sharpens these findings and reveals an important propagation pattern we call ‘resonant salience. ’
Nonlinear model identification and control of wind turbine using wavenets

In this paper a PI control strategy using neural network adaptive RASP1 wavelet for WECS's control is proposed. It is based on single layer feed forward neural networks with hidden nodes of adaptive RASPl (rational functions with second-order) wavelet functions controller and an infinite impulse response (IIR) recurrent structure. The IIR is combined by cascading to the network to provide double local structure resulting in improving speed of learning. This particular neuro PI controller assumes a certain model structure to approximately identify the system dynamics of the unknown plant (WECSs) and generate the control signal. The results are applied to a typical turbine/generator pair, showing the feasibility of the proposed solution
Land and Agrarian Reform in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province: Caught by Continuities

Investigating continuities and discontinuities is useful for an analysis of changes over time. Continuity is not just a simple, unbroken line of events, but involves a set of institutional and discursive linkages. The paper explores continuities in that relate to the agricultural expert system that has gradually taken shape in South Africa and that plays a prominent role in the design of land reform. The persistence of continuities indicates the extent to which dramatic transformations of the institutional infrastructure in agriculture have occurred, but with fewer changes in its content. Historical and contemporary analysis allows us to underline the continuity of prescriptions and modes of ordering in the past and present, evident in three land and agrarian reform projects in the Eastern Cape
Hepatitis C virus‐related thrombocytopenia: clinical and laboratory characteristics compared with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombocytopenia can be a complication of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. However, there is little published data regarding the clinical and laboratory manifestations of HCV‐related thrombocytopenia (HCV‐TP) compared with adult chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (CITP). We reviewed the medical records for all patients evaluated for chronic thrombocytopenia by the Haematology Service between January 1996 and June 2000. All patients were screened for HCV infection at the time of initial diagnosis. Of 250 patients who fulfilled American Society of Hematology criteria for CITP, 76 (30%) were HCV seropositive. HCV‐TP patients were older [mean age (±SD) 54·9 ± 8 years vs. 40·3 ± 8 years, P ≤ 0·001] and equally distributed between both sexes. HCV‐TP patients had less severe thrombocytopenia, defined as platelet count ≤10 × 109/l (4% vs. 46% for CITP, P ≤ 0·001). However, 56 (74%) had a platelet count ≤50 × 109/l. Symptoms and signs of thrombocytopenia were less frequent in HCV‐TP, but major bleeding was more frequent (25% vs. 10%, P = 0·0059). Serum cryoglobulins and anticardiolipin antibodies were more frequent in HCV‐TP (90% and 62% respectively), but rare in CITP (7% and 15%, P ≤ 0·001 compared with HCV‐TP). HCV infection can be associated with significant thrombocytopenia and appears to be a distinct clinical entity.
Integration of Genomic Data for Inferring Protein Complexes from Global Protein–Protein Interaction Networks

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play crucial roles in virtually every aspect of cellular function within an organism. One important objective of modern biology is the extraction of functional modules, such as protein complexes from global protein interaction networks. This paper describes how seven genomic features and four experimental interaction data sets were combined using a Bayesian-networks-based data integration approach to infer PPI networks in yeast. Greater coverage and higher accuracy were achieved than in previous high-throughput studies of PPI networks in yeast. A Markov clustering algorithm was then used to extract protein complexes from the inferred protein interaction networks. The quality of the computed complexes was evaluated using the hand-curated complexes from the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences database and gene-ontology-driven semantic similarity. The results indicated that, by integrating multiple genomic information sources, a better clustering result was obtained in terms of both statistical measures and biological relevance.
Opening the Nasal Valve with External Dilators Reduces Congestive Symptoms in Normal Subjects

Background We examined whether the use of two different external nasal dilator devices influenced the size of the nasal valve area and symptoms of nasal congestion. Methods This was a randomized blind-allocation, open three-way crossover study of Breathe Right, Side Strip Nasal Dilators, and placebo. We studied 12 healthy subjects (10 female, 2 male; age range 26–56 years). Measures of total volume and total minimum cross-sectional area were collected. Subjective symptoms were collected using a visual analog scale and an ordinal scale. Results With both products, there was significant increase in the size of the minimum cross-sectional area compared to placebo, p = 0.004. This is supported by the decrease in the subjective reports of congestion; on the visual analog scale, compared to placebo p = 0.012 and the ordinal scale, compared to placebo, p = 0.004. Conclusion Both devices significantly increase the size of the nasal valve area and reduce congestion in normal subjects.
Action prediction based on physically grounded object affordances in human-object interactions

Nowadays in human-robot interactions, robots must do reasoning beyond the present with predicting the future actions. This task requires the subtle details inherent in human movements that may imply a future action. In this paper, we employ a probabilistic method for action prediction in human-object interactions. The key idea of our approach is the description of the so-called object affordance, the concept which allows us to deliver a trajectory visualizing a possible future action. We experimentally validated the proposed method using two datasets.
Comparative Performance of Volatility Models for Oil Price

In this paper, we compare the performance of volatility models for oil price using daily returns of WTI. The innovations of this paper are in two folds: (i) we analyse the oil price across three sub samples namely period before, during and after the global financial crisis, (ii) we also analyse the comparative performance of both symmetric and asymmetric volatility models for the oil price. We find that oil price was most volatile during the global financial crises compared to other sub samples. Based on the appropriate model selection criteria, the asymmetric GARCH models appear superior to the symmetric ones in dealing with oil price volatility. This finding indicates evidence of leverage effects in the oil market and ignoring these effects in oil price modelling will lead to serious biases and misleading results.
Simple Financial Analysis and Abnormal Stock Returns - Analysis of Piotroski's Investment Strategy

We investigate (1) whether Piotroski’s (2000) simple nancial statement analysis can successfully be applied to the UK market in a more recent time period (1991-2008) and (2) whether the observed return patterns indicate abnormal returns. Piotroski shows that his strategy increases market-adjusted returns by 7.5 percentage points annually and that shorting expected losers and buying expected winners generates an average 23% annual return within a value stock portfolio in the US between 1976 and 1996. We nd that the strategy is also successful when applied to the UK market as a whole. In the growth stock portfolio alone, shorting expecting losers and buying expected winners generates an average market-adjusted return of 13.8% and a 9.6 percentage points higher return compared to the entire growth stock portfolio. However, in contrast to Piotroski, we do not nd that the strategy generates any signicant returns in the value stock portfolio in the UK. In addition to his study, our study demonstrates that the results persist after adjusting returns with risk characteristicmatched portfolio returns, that the strategy explains future returns for the entire market after controlling for known risk variables, and that the risk-adjusted returns do not decrease over time. Overall, the ndings suggest that an investor, using simple nancial analysis, could have systematically earned abnormal returns not explicable by common risk factors.
Integrated enhancement- and depletion-mode FET's in modulation-doped Si/SiGe heterostructures

We present results of enhancement and depletion mode transistors fabricated on the same layer structure of Si/SiGe, without using gate recess. The current in the enhancement mode device is controlled by a p-n junction, while that of the depletion-mode device is controlled by a Schottky barrier. A peak transconductance of 327 mS/mm and 417 mS/mm has been achieved in 0.5-/spl mu/m gate length depletion and enhancement-mode transistors, respectively.
Testing equity market efficiency around terrorist attacks

This article uses the nine major bombings since 1998 that have been attributed to Al Qaida to examine market efficiency, including a test of rumours that investors traded with advance knowledge of attacks. Analysis of these related, but individually unexpected, events confirms markets are semi-strong efficient: it now takes well under a trading day to fully price in a completely unexpected attack. On balance, markets also proved strongly efficient with no conclusive evidence of insider trading.
Predicting advanced proximal colonic neoplasia with screening sigmoidoscopy.

CONTEXT Indications are not well defined for follow-up colonoscopy for all patients with distal colonic tubular adenomas (TAs) found at screening sigmoidoscopy. OBJECTIVE To determine whether distal adenoma size, number, and villous histology, along with family history and age, are predictors of advanced proximal colonic neoplasia. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis conducted between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1995. SETTING Large group-model health maintenance organization in northern California. PATIENTS A total of 2972 asymptomatic subjects aged 50 years or older undergoing colonoscopy as follow-up to a screening sigmoidoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Based on sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and pathology reports, occurrence of advanced proximal neoplasia, defined as adenocarcinoma or TAs 1 cm or larger or with villous features or severe dysplasia located beyond sigmoidoscopic view. RESULTS The prevalence of advanced proximal neoplasia was similar among patients with no TAs at sigmoidoscopy, those with TAs less than 1 cm in diameter, and those with TAs 1 cm in diameter or larger (prevalence, 5.3%, 5.5%, and 5.6%, respectively). Of patients with a distal tubulovillous or villous adenoma, 12.1% had advanced proximal neoplasia. In multivariate analyses, having a distal tubulovillous adenoma or villous adenoma was the strongest predictor of advanced proximal neoplasia (odds ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.69-3.14). Age of 65 years or older, having more than 1 adenoma, and a positive family history of colorectal cancer were also significant predictors. Distal adenoma size was not a significant predictor in any multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Advanced proximal neoplasia is not uncommon in subjects with or without distal TAs, but subjects with advanced distal histology and those older than 65 years are at increased risk. Age-specific screening using sigmoidoscopy starting at ages 50 to 55 years and colonoscopy after age 65 years may be justified.
Flexible parametric estimation of duration and competing risk models

In this paper we specify and estimate a flexible parametric proportional hazards model. The model specification is flexibly parametric in the sense that the baseline hazard is nonparametric while the effect of the covariates takes a particular functional form. We also add parametric heterogeneity to the underlying hazard model specification. We specify a flexible parametric proportional competing risks model which permits unrestricted correlation among the risks. Unemployment duration data are then analyzed using the flexible parametric duration and competing risks specifications. We find an important effect arising from the exhaustion of unemployment insurance and significantly different hazards for the two types of risks, new jobs and recalls. Copyright 1990 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.