Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extension of the Stöber Method to Construct Mesoporous SiO2 and TiO2 Shells for Uniform Multifunctional Core–Shell Structures

Core–shell nanoparticles (CSNs) have attracted considerable attention because of their promising applications in a wide range of fields. Recently, substantial efforts have been focused on the development of facile and versatile methods for preparing CSNs with mesoporous SiO2 or TiO2 shells because of their fascinating properties, such as high surface area, large pore channels and high pore volume. This Research News reviews the recent progress in facile, versatile and reproducible approaches which are simply extended from the well‐known Stöber method to construct mesoporous SiO2 and TiO2 shells for uniform multifunctional core–shell nanostructures. Several strategies, including the surfactant‐templating process, the long‐chain organosilane‐assisted approach, the phase transfer assisted surfactant‐templating process, and the kinetics‐controlled coating approach, are discussed. In addition, new trends in this field for the creation of multifunctional CSNs and novel nanostructures are highlighted.
Making the link between dorsal stream sensitivity and reading

Different levels of dorsal stream functioning were teased apart to determine whether the observed deficits in dyslexic readers may exist as early as the retinal level, and to explore the relative contribution that the different aspects of dorsal processing may make to reading. The paradigm combining frequency doubled stimuli with endogenous cueing demonstrated that dyslexic readers possess a retinal level magnocellular deficit. Regression analyses provided evidence to suggest that different levels of dorsal processing relates to various aspects of reading skills, with low-level magnocellular M(y) processing relating to reading accuracy and irregular word reading, and dorsal stream functioning relating to all aspects of reading skills, including nonword reading.
Short article: Search guidance is proportional to the categorical specificity of a target cue

Visual search studies typically assume the availability of precise target information to guide search, often a picture of the exact target. However, search targets in the real world are often defined categorically and with varying degrees of visual specificity. In five target preview conditions we manipulated the availability of target visual information in a search task for common real-world objects. Previews were: a picture of the target, an abstract textual description of the target, a precise textual description, an abstract + colour textual description, or a precise + colour textual description. Guidance generally increased as information was added to the target preview. We conclude that the information used for search guidance need not be limited to a picture of the target. Although generally less precise, to the extent that visual information can be extracted from a target label and loaded into working memory, this information too can be used to guide search.
Circadian Trafficking of Calbindin-ir in Fibers of SCN Neurons

Calbindin-D28K (CalB)—containing cells form a distinct cluster within the core of the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). These cells are directly retinorecipient but lack detectable rhythms in clock gene expression or electrical activity. In studies exploring SCN connectivity using double-label immunochemistry, we previously reported an absence of contacts among CalB fibers and vasopressin (VP) cells in animals sacrificed during the day. Here, we explored circadian variations in CalB-immunoreactivity (-ir) and re-examined the connections between CalB and other SCN cell types at zeitgeber times (ZT) 4 and 14. The results reveal a circadian rhythm of CalB-ir in fibers of SCN cells with high expression during the night and subjective night and low expression during the day and subjective day. This circadian difference is not seen in the other brain regions studied. Significantly more appositions were detected between CalB fibers and VP cells during the night than during the day, while circadian variation in numbers of contacts was not seen between CalB fibers and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) cells. There was no detectable variation in appositions from any peptidergic fiber type onto CalB cells. The present findings suggest that CalB cells relay photic information to VP oscillator cells of the SCN shell in a temporally gated manner.
HEURISTICS , BIASES , AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONFLICT DETECTION DURING REASONING

Although human reasoning is often biased by intuitive heuristics, recent studies on conflict detection during thinking suggest that adult reasoners detect the biased nature of their judgments. Despite their illogical response, adults demonstrate a remarkable sensitivity to possible conflict between their heuristic judgment and logical or probabilistic norms. In this chapter I review emerging work on the development of this critical conflict or bias sensitivity. Taken together, the available evidence suggest that a lack of heuristic bias detection might be a key factor that distinguishes older and younger reasoners.
POST‐TRANSCRIPTIONAL DOWNREGULATION OF MHC CLASS I EXPRESSION IN ONCOGENE‐TRANSFORMED CELLS IS REVERTED BY IFN‐GAMMA AND TNF‐ALPHA

Transformation of murine NIH3T3 fibroblasts with retroviral vectors carrying the mos, myc and the Ha‐ras oncogene, respectively, was associated with a strong reduction of H2 antigen expression in the cell membrane. Analysis of H‐2K and β2‐microglobulin promoter‐driven CAT activity in these oncogenic transformants and normal NIH3T3 fibroblasts revealed unchanged promoter activity, suggesting post‐transcriptional control of MHC class I expression by these oncogenes. Treatment with IFN‐gamma and TNF‐alpha caused 2‐ to 3‐fold enhancement of H‐2K and β2‐microglobulin promoter activity, as well as a normalization (TNF‐alpha treatment) or enhancement (IFN‐gamma treatment) of H2 membrane expression. These data suggest that IFN‐gamma as well as TNF‐alpha can counteract downregulation of H‐2 genes by interference with an oncogene‐induced, post‐transcriptional block as well as by a direct enhancement of H‐2 gene transcription.
Multiple von Neumann Computers: An Evolutionary Approach to Functional Emergence

A novel system composed of multiple von Neumann computers and an appropriate problem environment is proposed and simulated. Each computer has a memory to store the machine instruction program, and when a program is executed, a series of machine codes in the memory is sequentially decoded, leading to register operations in the central processing unit (CPU). By means of these operations, the computer not only can handle its generally used registers but also can read and write the environmental database. Simulation is driven by genetic algorithms (GAs) performed on the population of program memories. Mutation and crossover create program diversity in the memory, and selection facilitates the reproduction of appropriate programs. Through these evolutionary operations, advantageous combinations of machine codes are created and fixed in the population one by one, and the higher function, which enables the computer to calculate an appropriate number from the environment, finally emerges in the program memory. In the latter half of the article, the performance of GAs on this system is studied. Under different sets of parameters, the evolutionary speed, which is determined by the time until the domination of the final program, is examined and the conditions for faster evolution are clarified. At an intermediate mutation rate and at an intermediate population size, crossover helps create novel advantageous sets of machine codes and evidently accelerates optimization by GAs.
Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations. Inconsistencies in reported incidence and prevalence exist and in relation to the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of patellofemoral pain. Methods An electronic database search was conducted, as well as grey literature databases, from inception to June 2017. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data and appraised methodological quality. If heterogeneous, data were analysed descriptively. Where studies were homogeneous, data were pooled through a meta-analysis. Results 23 studies were included. Annual prevalence for patellofemoral pain in the general population was reported as 22.7%, and adolescents as 28.9%. Incidence rates in military recruits ranged from 9.7–571.4/1,000 person-years, amateur runners in the general population at 1080.5/1,000 person-years and adolescents amateur athletes 5.1%–14.9% over 1 season. One study reported point prevalence within military populations as 13.5%. The pooled estimate for point prevalence in adolescents was 7.2% (95% Confidence Interval: 6.3%–8.3%), and in female only adolescent athletes was 22.7% (95% Confidence Interval 17.4%–28.0%). Conclusion This review demonstrates high incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain. Within the context of this, and poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority. PROSPERO registration CRD42016038870
Src Family Kinases and Syk Are Required for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Response to β-Glucan Particles

We report that particles of β-glucan, one of the surface components of yeasts, are powerful inducers of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in human neutrophils. β-Glucan triggered a prolonged phosphorylation of Src family kinases and Syk that were suppressed by the Src family inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3, 4-d] pyrimidine (PP2) and a novel Syk inhibitor, PRT-060318, respectively. PP2 and PRT-060318 also inhibited β-glucan-induced NET formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suggesting that both responses are triggered by a Src/Syk-regulated signaling pathway. Given that the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) markedly inhibited NET formation, our findings suggest that ROS are required for the full-blown formation of NETs in response to β-glucan particles. Contrary to β-glucan, ROS generation triggered by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was unaffected by PP2 and PRT-060318, but these compounds, as well as DPI, suppressed Src/Syk phosphorylation triggered by PMA. Whereas PP2 had no effect on PMA-induced NET formation, PRT-060318 had a significant, albeit partial, inhibitory effect, thus suggesting that ROS induce NET formation in part via activation of Syk. These findings were substantiated by the evidence that neutrophils from mice with the conditional deletion of Syk were defective in formation of NETs in response to β-glucan.
Surgical complications after renal transplantation in grafts with multiple arteries.

INTRODUCTION Renal transplantation with multiple arteries appears, in literature, associated to a major index of surgical complications. This study compared the surgical complications and short-term outcome renal transplants with multiple arteries and single artery grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of 64 renal transplants with multiple arteries performed between January 1995 and December 1999 were compared to the ones of 292 transplants with single renal artery. The aspects analyzed were number of arteries of the graft, donor type, vascular reconstruction technique, the occurrence of surgical complications, the incidence of delayed graft function, graft function 1 month after transplantation, graft loss and the patients' deaths. RESULTS The incidence of surgical complications in grafts with multiple arteries and single renal artery was respectively: vascular--3.1% and 3.1%; urological--6.3% and 2.7% and other surgical complications--15.6% and 10.6%, respectively. The incidence of lymphoceles was 3.1% in grafts with a single artery and 12.5% in grafts with more than 1 artery (p = 0.0015). The incidence of delayed graft function in grafts with multiple arteries and with a single renal artery was respectively 35.1 and 29.1% (p = 0.295). Mean serum creatinine at the 30th postoperative day was 2.46 and 1.81 in grafts with multiple and with 1 artery, respectively (p = 0.271). CONCLUSIONS Kidney transplantation using grafts with single and multiple arteries present similar indexes of surgical complications and short-term outcome; lymphoceles were more frequent among grafts with multiple arteries.
Immunological quantitation and immunoadsorption of urokinase-like plasminogen activators secreted by human cells.

A highly purified preparation of human urinary plas- minogen activator (urokinase) was used to produce specific rabbit urokinase antiserum. The urokinase used for rabbit immunizations contained both M, = 55,000 and 60,000 protein components. The previously unreported M, = 60,000 component is apparently another high molecular weight form of urokinase, since it can activate plasminogen and is indistinguishable in peptide composition from M, = 55,000 urokinase. The urokinase antiserum and 12‘I-labeled urokinase have been used to develop a urokinase competition radioim- munoassay which quantitatively determines urokinase in the 3 to 20 ng/sample range. The urokinase compe- tition radioimmunoassay has been used to quantitate urokinase-like plasminogen activator present in con- ditioned media from several different human cells. A specific (1g)-Seph- arose column was prepared which selectively binds two 50,000 to 60,000 molecular weight proteins produced by Detroit 562 (human pharyngeal carcinoma) and IMR-90 (human embryonic lung) cells in uitro. These two proteins appeared identical with high molecular weight urokinase on the basis of molecular weight, ability to activate plasminogen, and immunological reactivity. Specific antiurokinase Ig-Sepharose did not bind any M, = 73,000 protein which would
Intrahousehold Productivity Differentials and Land Quality in the Sudan Savanna of Mali

Inefficient allocation of resources has been documented in West African farming systems where food is produced by extended family farms on multiple plots managed by different members. We revisit this question in Mali by testing fertilizer use and productivity differentials, while introducing soil nutrient measurements as indicators of land quality. In contrast with previous studies, we find little evidence that intrahousehold allocation of fertilizer is inefficient. Gender and generation gaps in productivity persist but lessen as we control for land quality. Findings suggest that women’s fields may be less fertile but may also reflect distinctive objectives and modes of production. (JEL O12, Q18)
Predictors of organizational commitment among staff in assisted living.

PURPOSE This study examines the role of organizational culture, job satisfaction, and sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of organizational commitment among staff in assisted living. It is particularly important to examine organizational commitment, because of its close links to staff turnover. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from 317 staff members in 61 facilities, using self-administered questionnaires. The facilities were selected from licensed assisted living programs and were stratified into small, traditional, and new-model homes. Staff questionnaires were distributed by a researcher during 1-day visits to each facility. Organizational commitment was measured by the extent of staff identification, involvement, and loyalty to the organization. RESULTS Organizational culture, job satisfaction, and education were strong predictors of commitment, together explaining 58% of the total variance in the dependent variable. Higher levels of organizational commitment were associated with more favorable staff perceptions of organizational culture and greater job satisfaction. In addition, more educated staff members tended to report higher levels of organizational commitment. Other than education, sociodemographic characteristics failed to account for a significant amount of variance in organizational commitment. IMPLICATIONS Because job satisfaction and organizational culture were strong predictors of commitment, interventions aimed at increasing job satisfaction and creating an organizational culture that values and respects staff members could be most effective in producing higher levels of organizational commitment.
A mezőgazdasági termékek ágazaton belüli kereskedelme. Magyarország és az Európai Unió között [Intra-industry trade in agricultural products between Hungary and the European Union]

A tanulmany az EU-val folytatott magyar agrarkereskedelem agazaton beluli jelleget vizsgalja meg az 19921998 kozotti időszakban. A tarsulasi szerződes az agazaton beluli kereskedelem szolid emelkedesehez vezetett Magyarorszag es az EU kozott. Ez a novekedes azonban kulonboző mertekű volt orszagonkent es termekenkent. Az agazaton beluli kereskedelem szerkezetenek nagyfoku időbeli valtozekonysaga arra utal, hogy a szerkezetvaltas meg messze nem fejeződott be. A szerzőparos eredmenyei felhivjak a figyelmet az agazaton beluli kereskedelem szintje es foka kozotti kulonbseg fontossagara, es megerősitik azt az altalanos tapasztalatot, hogy a hagyomanyosan alkalmazott GrubelLloyd-index nem megfelelő merceje az utobbinak. A marginalis agazaton beluli kereskedelem szintje Magyarorszag es az EU kozott alacsony, es inkabb a vertikalis, mint a horizontalis agazaton beluli kereskedelem a meghatarozo. Ez azt sejteti, hogy a mezőgazdasagi kereskedelem novekedese Magyarorszag es az EU kozott inkabb agazatok kozotti, mint agazaton beluli volt a vizsgalt periodusban, ezert reszleges kereskedelemliberalizalasbol fakado alkalmazkodasi koltsegek viszonylag magasak voltak.
Multilayer dielectric filter design using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm

Design of multilayer dielectric filters involve the identification of suitable dielectric material and appropriate thicknesses of the layers that best satisfies the desired frequency response for the application. Such problems, like any other practical design optimization problem require simultaneous consideration of multiple objectives and constraints. In this paper, we introduce a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm that is capable of handling unconstrained and constrained, single and multiobjective problems without any restriction on the number and nature of variables, constraints and objectives. The algorithm handles constraints and objectives separately using two fitness measures derived out of nondominance, unlike most of its counterparts which use a single fitness measure. Unlike most evolutionary algorithms where only the good parents participate in mating, our algorithm ensures that all solutions participate in mating, which is useful for exploring highly nonlinear search spaces. The diversity of the solutions is controlled by the partner selection scheme that prefers elites with distant neighbors as mating partners. The results of two multiobjective test problems, three multilayer dielectric filter designs (low-pass, bandpass and stopband) and one variable layer low-pass filter design are presented in this paper to highlight the benefits offered by our algorithm in terms of modeling flexibility, computational efficiency and its ability to arrive at competitive nondominated designs. A comparison of our results with those obtained using a single objective aggregated formulation for the stopband filter design is also presented. We have also compared the performance of our algorithm with nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for the low-pass filter design where our results are better.
Fish oil treatment decreases superoxide anions in the myocardium and coronary arteries of atherosclerotic monkeys.

BACKGROUND This experiment sought to determine the effects of fish oil on superoxide anion production in the myocardium and coronary arteries of atherosclerotic monkeys. Recent evidence indicates that dietary supplementation with fish oil preserves normal vasomotion of atherosclerotic coronary arteries and reduces damage to the myocardium after ischemia and reperfusion, although the mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male cynomolgus monkeys were fed an atherogenic diet with (n = 15) or without (n = 15) half the fat calories from fish oil. After 12 months, chemiluminescence of lucigenin was used to measure superoxide anion production in coronary arteries and myocardium after 1 hour of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. The signals were calibrated with known quantities of xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Superoxide anion production in ischemic myocardium was (mean +/- SEM, nmol/mg dry wt per minute) 1 +/- 1 and 4 +/- 1 in monkeys fed fish oil and not fed fish oil, respectively (P < .05). Superoxide anion production in coronary arteries not exposed to ischemia and reperfusion was (nmol/mg dry wt per minute) 4 +/- 1 and 8 +/- 2 in monkeys fed fish oil and not fed fish oil, respectively (P < .05). Superoxide anion production in coronary arteries was (nmol/mg dry wt per minute) 5 +/- 2 and 16 +/- 3 in monkeys fed fish oil and not fed fish oil after ischemia and reperfusion, respectively (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with fish oil reduced vascular superoxide anion production and prevented the increase in vascular and myocardial superoxide anion production that accompanied ischemia and reperfusion. These phenomena may underlie some of the beneficial cardiovascular effects of fish oil.
The Learning Preferences among Nursing Students in the King Saud University in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Objective The present study aimed to identify the most common learning preferences among the nursing students in Saudi Arabia and to investigate the associations of certain demographic variables with the learning preferences. Methods All the undergraduate nursing students in the nursing college were requested to participate in this descriptive cross-sectional study. An Arabic version of the Felder-Silverman learning style model (FSLSM) questionnaire was used to examine the learning preferences among undergraduate nursing students. Results A total of 56 (43%) completed questionnaires were included in the final analysis. Results of the present study indicate that the most common learning preferences among the nursing students were visual (67.9%), followed by active (50%) and sequential (37.5%) learning preferences. The verbal style was the least common learning preference (3.6%) among the nursing students. There was no association between gender and learning preferences (p > .05). Conclusion The present study concluded that the visual, active, and sequential styles are the commonest learning preferences among the nursing students. The nursing educators should emphasize the use of this information in their teaching methods to improve learning skills among the nursing students.