Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat propagation from a concentrated external energy source in a gas

This paper investigates the heat propagation process in a gas from concentrated energy sources with deposition times, $t'_d$, of the order of the characteristic acoustic time, $t'_a$, across the region where the temperature will be increased by a factor of order unity. Heat propagation takes place by two different mechanisms that act separately in two different neatly defined spatial regions of comparable size. Around the source, we find a conductive region of very high temperature where the spatial pressure variations are negligible. The edge of the resulting strongly heated low-density region appears as a contact surface that acts as a piston for the outer flow, where the pressure disturbances, of order of the ambient pressure in the distinguished regime $t'_d \,{\sim}\, t'_a$ considered here, generate a shock wave that heats up the outer gas as it propagates outwards. The mass and energy balances for the conductive region provide a differential equation linking its pressure with the velocity of its bounding contact surface, which is used, together with the jump conditions across the shock, when integrating the Euler equations for the outer compressible flow. Solutions for the heating history are obtained for point, line and planar sources for different values of the ratio $t'_d/t'_a$, including weak sources with $t'_d \,{\gg}\, t'_a$ and very intense sources with $t'_d \,{\ll}\, t'_a$. The solution determines in particular the temperature profile emerging as the pressure perturbations become negligible for times much larger than the acoustic time.
Intraday Price Discovery and Volatility: An Examination of the Mexico Futures Market (MexDer) using ultra high frequency data ∗

This paper conducts a pilot study on a high frequency dataset of futures prices from an emerging market economy (Mexico) to investigate the price effects of trading intensity. We extend the Ben Sita and Westerholm (2006) model, which divides the intensity effect into liquidity and information components, by including trading volume as an additional measure of intensity. Analyzing ten months of tick by tick data, we find that the time duration between transactions exerts a negative influence on price changes for interest rate futures. Additionally, increases in order flow and trade volume have a positive influence on price changes. This evidence suggests that managing both time and trading volume are important aspects of trading in the Mexican futures market.
Examining Predictors of Real-World User Engagement with Self-Guided eHealth Interventions: Analysis of Mobile Apps and Websites Using a Novel Dataset

Background The literature suggests that the product design of self-guided electronic health (eHealth) interventions impacts user engagement. Traditional trial settings, however, do not enable the examination of these relationships in real-world use. Objective This study aimed to examine whether the qualities of product design, research evidence, and publicly available data predict real-world user engagement with mobile and Web-based self-guided eHealth interventions. Methods This analysis included self-guided mobile and Web-based eHealth interventions available to the public—with their qualities assessed using the Enlight suite of scales. Scales included Usability, Visual Design, User Engagement, Content, Therapeutic Persuasiveness, Therapeutic Alliance, Credibility, and Research Evidence. Behavioral data on real-world usage were obtained from a panel that provides aggregated nonpersonal information on user engagement with websites and mobile apps, based on a time window of 18 months that was set between November 1, 2016 and April 30, 2018. Real-world user engagement variables included average usage time (for both mobile apps and websites) and mobile app user retention 30 days after download. Results The analysis included 52 mobile apps (downloads median 38,600; interquartile range [IQR] 116,000) and 32 websites (monthly unique visitors median 5689; IQR 30,038). Results point to moderate correlations between Therapeutic Persuasiveness, Therapeutic Alliance, and the 3 user engagement variables (.31≤rs≤.51; Ps≤.03). Visual Design, User Engagement, and Content demonstrated similar degrees of correlation with mobile app engagement variables (.25≤rs≤.49; Ps≤.04) but not with average usage time of Web-based interventions. Positive correlations were also found between the number of reviews on Google Play and average app usage time (r=.58; P<.001) and user retention after 30 days (r=.23; P=.049). Although several product quality ratings were positively correlated with research evidence, the latter was not significantly correlated with real-world user engagement. Hierarchical stepwise regression analysis revealed that either Therapeutic Persuasiveness or Therapeutic Alliance explained 15% to 26% of user engagement variance. Data on Google Play (number of reviews) explained 15% of the variance of mobile app usage time above Enlight ratings; however, publicly available data did not significantly contribute to explaining the variance of the other 2 user-engagement variables. Conclusions Results indicate that the qualities of product design predict real-world user engagement with eHealth interventions. The use of real-world behavioral datasets is a novel way to learn about user behaviors, creating new avenues for eHealth intervention research.
Hydrodynamics of Dense Fluidized Beds for Application in Concentrated Solar Energy Conversion

In the frame of the call for projects of the European Commission which aims to find alternative HTF in order to extend working temperature and to decrease environmental impact of standard Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) used in concentrating solar power(CSP) plants, we proposed to use Dense Particle Suspensions -DPS- fluidized with air (approximately 50% of solid) in tubes as new HTF. DPS will enable operating temperature over 1 000°C which corresponds to the sintering temperatures of the solid against 560°C for the most efficient molten salts, thus increasing the plant efficiency and decreasing the cost per kWh produced, have no lower limitation of temperature and are riskless. A cold mockup of receiver using DPS has been built for the preliminary study of the concept. The operation of the mockup has shown the possibility to ensure a regular and adaptable upward flow of solid in the range 10 to 65 kg/h per tube. This paper compares the experimental results of the cold mockup running with the predictions of a multi-fluid approach 3D numerical code.
The ATLAS3D project – XXI. Correlations between gradients of local escape velocity and stellar populations in early-type galaxies

We explore the connection between the local escape velocity, Vesc, and the stellar population properties in the ATLAS 3D survey, a complete, volume-limited sample of nearby early-type galaxies. We make use of ugriz photometry to construct Multi-Gaussian Expansion models of the surface brightnesses of our galaxies. We are able to fit the full range of surface brightness profiles found in our sample, and in addition we reproduce the results of state-ofthe-art photometry in the literature with residuals of 0.04 mag. We utilize these photometric models and SAURON integral-field spectroscopy, combined with Jeans dynamical modelling, to determine the local Vesc derived from the surface brightness. We find that the local Vesc is tightly correlated with the Mg b and Fe5015 line strengths and optical colours, and anticorrelated with the Hβ line strength. In the case of the Mg b and colour–Vesc relations we find that the relation within individual galaxies follows the global relation between different galaxies. We intentionally ignored any uncertain contribution due to dark matter since we are seeking an empirical description of stellar population gradients in early-type galaxies that is ideal for quantitative comparison with model predictions. We also make use of single stellar population (SSP) modelling to transform our line strength index measurements into the
Botryococcus braunii as a Phycoremediation Tool for the Domestic Waste Water Recycling from Cooum River, Chennai, India

The micro algae are the green photosynthetic micro organisms, which are the primary producers of the aquatic ecosystems. The green micro algae have evolved long back approximately two and a half billion years ago and initiated the process of photosynthesis in the world. The Botryococcus braunii is a green photosynthetic micro alga fixes atmospheric CO2 for energy production and it is well known for high quantity of lipid accumulation. Along with normal fatty acids the long chain different types of hydrocarbon production exudates outside of the cells are the characteristic features of this specific micro alga. At the same time, this unique micro alga has been reported to grow well in the sewage waste water and can be used to remove toxic metals and unwanted nutrients from waste water. In this present study, a new and novel strain of Botryococcus braunii has been isolated from the temple ponds around the Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India. The effective treatment of domestic waste water from different sites around Chennai city using Botryococcus braunii has been well evaluated in this current study. The physiochemical parameters like COD, BOD, electrical conductivity (EC) and ammonia have been removed more than 70% from domestic waste water especially in Adyar River (AR) domestic waste water when compared to other waste water. The growth kinetics of the Botryococcus braunii strain in the domestic waste water AR and NB (Napier’s bridge) have shown good results when compared to other samples. The micro alga B. braunii strain is well known for its high lipid production and which was achieved from the biomass harvested from the domestic waste water sample AR. The total carotenoid content was also found in the micro algal biomass from the sample AR. This overall research study suggested that the implication of some important micro algae for the treatment of waste water can remediate the water resource as well as the biomass yield can be economically useful for many applications.
Performance Matched Discretionary Accrual Measures

Prior research shows that extant discretionary accrual models are misspecified when applied to firms with extreme performance. Nonetheless, use of such models in tests of earnings management and market efficiency is commonplace in the literature. We examine the specification and power of the test based on a performance-matched discretionary accrual measure and compare it with traditional discretionary accrual measures (e.g., Jones and Modified-Jones Models). Performance matching is on return on assets and industry and is designed to control for the effect of performance on measured discretionary accruals. The results suggest that our performance-matched discretionary accrual measure is a viable alternative to existing discretionary accrual models for use in earnings management research.
Critical reflections on performing arts impact evaluations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a critically reflective account of the process of conducting an impact evaluation of a dance-theatre company’s staged productions and workshops. Design/methodology/approach There are two main approaches: the introspective critical reflection on the process of performing an impact evaluation; and the drawing/colouring methods used to perform it. Findings It is more difficult to provide impact evaluations of the soft rather than hard outcomes of publicly funded performance arts. The engagement of third-party evaluators may help overcome the challenge that many “accepted” approaches are outwith the skill or financial resources of smaller non-profit organisations. Research limitations/implications Although based on a single case, the authors believe that the evidence how the use of innovative methodologies may be more appropriate to performing arts impact evaluations, even those less familiar to management researchers. Practical implications This paper offers insights into various methods of impact evaluation that may be of use to smaller non-profit arts organisations who may be constrained by limited skills and financial resources. Originality/value This paper provides an original contribution to understanding innovative methodologies to perform arts impact evaluations, particularly those assessing soft outcomes, and a contribution in recognising the role of academic researchers in performing such evaluations.
The WIRCam Deep Survey I. Counts, colours, and mass-functions derived from near-infrared imaging in the CFHTLS deep fields

We present a new near-infrared imaging survey in the four CFHTLS deep fields: the WIRCam Deep Survey or “WIRDS”. WIRDS comprises extremely deep, high quality (FWHM ~ 0.6″) J, H, and Ks imaging covering a total effective area of 2.1 deg2 and reaching AB 50% completeness limits of ≈ 24.5. We combine our images with the CFHTLS to create a unique eight-band ugrizJHKS photometric catalogues in the four CFHTLS deep fields; these four separate fields allow us to make a robust estimate of the effect of cosmic variance for all our measurements. We use these catalogues in combination with ≈ 9800 spectroscopic redshifts to estimate precise photometric redshifts (σΔz/(1 + z) ≲ 0.03 at i < 25), galaxy types, star-formation rates and stellar masses for a unique sample of ≈ 1.8 million galaxies. Our JHKs number counts are consistent with previous studies. We apply the “BzK” selection to our gzK filter set and find that the star forming BzK selection successfully selects 76% of star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 1.4 < z < 2.5 in our photometric catalogue, based on our photometric redshift measurement. Similarly the passive BzK selection returns 52% of the passive 1.4 < z < 2.5 population identified in the photometric catalogue. We present the mass functions of the total galaxy population as a function of redshift up to z = 2 and present fits using double Schechter functions. A mass-dependent evolution of the mass function is seen with the numbers of galaxies with masses of M ≲ 1010.75 still evolving at z ≲ 1, but galaxies of higher mass reaching their present day numbers by z ~ 0.8−1. This is consistent with the present picture of downsizing in galaxy evolution. We compare our results with the predictions of the GALFORM semi-analytical galaxy formation model and find that the simulations provide a relatively successful fit to the observed mass functions at intermediate masses (i.e. 10 ≲ log (M/M⊙) ≲ 11). However, as is common with semi-analytical predictions of the mass function, the GALFORM results under-predict the mass function at low masses (i.e. log (M/M⊙) ≲ 10), whilst the fit as a whole degrades beyondredshifts of z ~ 1.2. All photometric catalogues and images are made publicly available from TERAPIX and CADC.
Applicability of pediatric risk of mortality score in predicting mortality in pediatric severe cerebral falciparum malaria cases

Introduction: Pediatric risk of mortality score (PRISM-3) has been applied in pediatric intensive care settings for varied diagnoses. We planned to study the outcome when PRISM score is applied to a single clinical diagnosis. Objectives: To study the applicability of PRISM score in predicting mortality in pediatric severe cerebral malaria cases. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis of severe cerebral malaria cases admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit over 3 years from 2009 to 2012 whose peripheral blood smear was positive for Plasmodium falciparum. Cases that presented with single seizure without altered sensorium were excluded. The PRISM scores, predicted mortality and observed mortality, were studied from demographic and clinical data. Results: Of the total 38 cases, 22 (57.8%) cases were females and 16 (42.10%) cases were males. There were 4 (10.52%) infants, 15 (39.4%) children from 1 to 5 years age and 19 (50%) cases were above 5 year age. A total of 14 cases, 36.84% had PRISM score ≤10, whereas 16 cases (42.1%) had score 10-20 and 8 cases had scored above 20. Mean predicted mortality was 17.84%, whereas observed mortality was 21.05%. Observed mortality had statistically significant association with PRISM score and predicted mortality rate. Conclusion: PRISM score and the expected mortality rate were good indicators in expecting the outcome of severe cerebral malaria cases. PRISM score can be effectively applied in severe cerebral malaria cases in predicting the outcome. Key words: Cerebral malaria, Pediatric risk of mortality score, Mortality, Pediatric intensive care unit
A summer climate regime over Europe modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract. Recent summer heat waves in Europe were found to be preceded by precipitation deficits in winter. Numerical studies suggest that these phenomena are dynamically linked by land-atmosphere interactions. However, there exists as yet no complete observational evidence that connects summer climate variability to winter precipitation and the relevant circulation patterns. In this paper, we investigate the functional responses of summer mean and maximum temperature (June–August, Tmean and Tmax) as well as soil moisture proxied by the self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) to preceding winter precipitation (January–March, PJFM) for the period 1901–2005. All the analyzed summer fields show distinctive responses to PJFM over the Mediterranean. We estimate that 10 ~ 15% of the interannual variability of Tmax and Tmean over the Mediterranean is statistically forced by PJFM. For the scPDSI this amounts to 10 ~ 25%. Further analysis shows that these responses are highly correlated to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) regime over the Mediterranean. We suggest that NAO modulates European summer temperature by controlling winter precipitation that initializes the moisture states that subsequently interact with temperature. This picture of relations between European summer climate and NAO as well as winter precipitation suggests potential for improved seasonal prediction of summer climate for particular extreme events.
Subtle Signals of Inconspicuous Consumption

While theories of signaling and conspicuous consumption suggest that more explicit markers facilitate communication, this article examines the utility of subtle signals. Four studies demonstrate that while less explicit branding increases the likelihood of misidentification (e.g., observers confusing a high-end purchase for a cheaper alternative), people with more cultural capital in a particular domain prefer subtle signals because they provide differentiation from the mainstream. Such insiders have the necessary connoisseurship to decode the meaning of subtle signals that facilitate communication with others "in the know. " Consistent with the notion that these effects are driven by outward communication, they are stronger in identity-relevant product domains and situations where consumption is more public. This work highlights the communication value of less explicit signals and discusses the implications for branding, signal persistence, and the communication of identity. (c) 2010 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF SOME CERMET SPECIMENS

The temperature dependence of Young's and shear moduli of four types of cermet specimens, known as''nickel-bonded titanium carbide,'' as well as Ni and TiC were determined by a dynamic resonance method. The Young's modulus temperature curves of the cermets are characterized by a linear decrease from room temperature until about 700 to l.OOO deg C. In this upper temperature region, an inflection in the relation develops, accompanied by an increase in internal friction. Both these effects are attributed to viscous grain boundary slip. For shear modulus, only the linear portion of the modulus temperature relation was obtained. In this linear region, the relative decrease in shear modulus for the cermet specimens is greater than the relative decrease in Young's modulus for the same type of specimen. This means that Poisson's ratio rises with temperature for the cermets. (auth)
Impact of working Capital Management on Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

Working capital management is indispensable in strengthening firms’ liquidity position. A weak liquidity position poses a threat to the solvency of the company and makes it unsafe as well as unsound. The persistent winding up of most Nigerian manufacturing firms and the recent decline in the world oil price which significantly affected all the oil producing countries in the world of which Nigeria is not an exception demand for effective and efficient management of resources to guarantee going concern. This study examined the impact of working capital management on financial performance of quoted consumer goods manufacturing firms in Nigeria by specifically examined the impact of working capital management on return on assets and gross operating profit. The secondary data used were obtained from annual financial statements over a period of ten (10) years from 2005 to 2014 of purposively sampled fifteen (15) firms. Descriptive statistics were used to measure variations, statistical inferences were drawn using correlation and panel regression analysis was applied on performance and working capital management indicators to test the formulated hypotheses. The findings revealed that efficient working capital management increases financial performance. In conclusion, a negative relationship exists between Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) and financial performance while there is a positive relationship between Average Collection Period (ACP) and financial performance. The study recommended that firms within the industry may increase their average collection period above the present industry average collection period of 58 days and proper analysis of working capital components should be constantly carried out to ensure that those critical areas for decision making process as it related to each of the performance measurement variables are identified and properly examined.
Influence of Sewage Sludge and Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth, Nutrient Content and Heavy Metal Uptake by Rice Straw

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilization on the growth, yield, nutrient and heavy metal uptake into rice straw (Oriza setiva L cv. BRRI dhan-36). There were five 5 treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4) consisting of 5 levels of sewage sludge (0, 60, 120, 200 and 300 t/ha) and 5 levels of nitrogen (280, 49, 35, 28 and 21 kg/ha). In the experiment the highest height of the rice plant (97.33 cm per plant) and number (55.00) of tillers per four plants were recorded with the treatment, 300 t/ha sewage sludge plus 21 kg/ha nitrogen. The length of spikelet was significantly high in all treatments compared to the treatment, 300 t/ha sewage sludge plus 21 kg/ha nitrogen. On the other hand, both the fresh and dry weight of rice straw was significantly high in the aforesaid treatment compared to the other treatments. The contents of N, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in rice straw increased significantly with increasing sewage sludge levels and were observed high at the treatment, 300 t/ha sewage sludge plus 21 kg/ha nitrogen, but the amount of P and Mn uptake decreased significantly with increasing sewage sludge levels showing an antagonistic effect. Cr, Cd and Ni contents were below detectable level.