Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Predictive Models for Assisting Network Forensic Investigations of DNS Tunnels

In recent times, DNS tunneling techniques have been used for malicious purposes, however network security mechanisms struggle to detect them. Network forensic analysis has been proven effective, but is slow and effort intensive as Network Forensics Analysis Tools struggle to deal with undocumented or new network tunneling techniques. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach, based on feature subsets of network traffic evidence, to aid forensic analysis through automating the inference of protocols carried within DNS tunneling techniques. We explore four network protocols, namely, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and POP3. Three features are extracted from the DNS tunneled traffic: IP packet length, DNS Query Name Entropy, and DNS Query Name Length. We benchmark the performance of four classification models, i.e., decision trees, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbours, and neural networks, on a data set of DNS tunneled traffic. Classification accuracy of 95% is achieved and the feature set reduces the original evidence data size by a factor of 74%. More importantly, our findings provide strong evidence that predictive modeling machine learning techniques can be used to identify network protocols within DNS tunneled traffic in real-time with high accuracy from a relatively small-sized feature-set, without necessarily infringing on privacy from the outset, nor having to collect complete DNS Tunneling sessions.
Design Thinking: Interior Architecture and Interior Design in Thailand

This research aims to explore the aspects of design thinking of students from two different curricula: Interior Architecture (five years) and Interior Design (four years) to see what different aspects of design thinking. The research method is a survey based on quantitative approach. A questionnaire is developed from Perry scheme of intellectual development and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) model. Then, both aspects were compared to see the difference. The findings indicate that the pattern of design thinking and learning style from two curricula are different and can be improved the thinking and learning styles of design students in Thailand.
Degenerate detectors are unable to harvest spacelike entanglement

We show, under a very general set of assumptions, that pairs of identical particle detectors in spacelike separation, such as atomic probes, can only harvest entanglement from the vacuum state of a quantum field when they have a nonzero energy gap. Furthermore, we show that degenerate probes are strongly challenged to become entangled through their interaction through scalar and electromagnetic fields even in full light contact. We relate these results to previous literature on remote entanglement generation and entanglement harvesting, giving insight into the energy gap’s protective role against local noise, which prevents the detectors from getting entangled through the interaction with the field.
Kindergarten Readiness: The Impact of Sensory Integration on Preschool Children's Readiness for the Transition to Kindergarten

The goal of this quantitative, descriptive pilot study was to identify the frequency of sensory processing disorders (SPD) in preschool students who are preparing for the transition into kindergarten. The research also explored the relationship between preschool teachers' perspectives of challenging classroom behavior and parents' reports of sensory processing in the home. Researchers distributed the Sensory Processing Measure for Preschoolers (SPM-P) assessment to parents and a behavioral questionnaire to teachers in three northern California preschools. Thirty-two SPM-P assessments were distributed to parents and 15 (47%) were accurately completed and returned. Of this sample, 2 (13%) student scores on the SPM-P reflected SPD. The SPM-P assessments not returned by parents were categorized as nonSPD students. Based on this assumption, 6.2% of the children within the greater population of 32 demonstrated sensory processing disorder. Results of the behavioral questionnaire found that teachers identified 3 or more maladaptive classroom behaviors for students who met the criteria for SPD. The research suggests that there may be a relationship between maladaptive classroom behavior and a child’s ability to process sensory information. Thus, further education on sensory processing and environmental adaptations that encourage positive participation in school may benefit teachers, parents, and children.
Assimilation of Argo float positions in the north western Mediterranean Sea and impact on ocean circulation simulations

Assimilation of Argo float trajectories (350m parking depth) in a high resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea has been performed to test the importance of this type of data for operational systems. Starting from a state corresponding to the 28th year of the simulation, two experiments were performed, one with assimilation and one without, during three months in winter 2005. Four Argo floats released in the context of the MFSTEP project are used. The results are very encouraging, showing significant and consistent changes in the ocean circulation. Comparison with independent data of transport through the Channel of Corsica indicates that the results are more realistic with assimilation, showing a non negligible impact of the assimilation process on the large scale circulation of the basin.
Molecular line emission in NGC 1068 imaged with ALMA: I. An AGN-driven outflow in the dense molecular gas

Aims. We investigate the fueling and the feedback of star formation and nuclear activity in NGC 1068, a nearby (D = 14 Mpc) Seyfert 2 barred galaxy, by analyzing the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas in the disk. We aim to understand if and how gas accretion can self-regulate.Methods. We have used the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to map the emission of a set of dense molecular gas (n(H2) ' 1056 cm3) tracers (CO(3-2), CO(6-5), HCN(4-3), HCO+(4-3), and CS(7-6)) and their underlying continuum emission in the central r ∼ 2 kpc of NGC 1068 with spatial resolutions ∼0:3000:500 (∼20-35 pc for the assumed distance of D = 14 Mpc). Results. The sensitivity and spatial resolution of ALMA give an unprecedented detailed view of the distribution and kinematics of the dense molecular gas (n(H2) ≈ 1056cm3) in NGC 1068. Molecular line and dust continuum emissions are detected from a r ∼ 200 pc off-centered circumnuclear disk (CND), from the 2.6 kpc-diameter bar region, and from the r ∼ 1:3 kpc starburst (SB) ring. Most of the emission in HCO+, HCN, and CS stems from the CND. Molecular line ratios show dramatic order-of-magnitude changes inside the CND that are correlated with the UV/X-ray illumination by the active galactic nucleus (AGN), betraying ongoing feedback. We used the dust continuum fluxes measured by ALMA together with NIR/MIR data to constrain the properties of the putative torus using CLUMPY models and found a torus radius of 20+6 10 pc. The Fourier decomposition of the gas velocity field indicates that rotation is perturbed by an inward radial flow in the SB ring and the bar region. However, the gas kinematics from r ∼ 50 pc out to r ∼ 400 pc reveal a massive (Mmol ∼ 2:7+0:9 1:2 × 107 M) outflow in all molecular tracers. The tight correlation between the ionized gas outflow, the radio jet, and the occurrence of outward motions in the disk suggests that the outflow is AGN driven. Conclusions. The molecular outflow is likely launched when the ionization cone of the narrow line region sweeps the nuclear disk. The outflow rate estimated in the CND, dM=dt ∼ 63+21 37 M yr1, is an order of magnitude higher than the star formation rate at these radii, confirming that the outflow is AGN driven. The power of the AGN is able to account for the estimated momentum and kinetic luminosity of the outflow. The CND mass load rate of the CND outflow implies a very short gas depletion timescale of ≤1 Myr. The CND gas reservoir is likely replenished on longer timescales by efficient gas inflow from the outer disk. © ESO 2014.
Plant n-alkane production from litterfall altered the diversity and community structure of alkane degrading bacteria in litter layer in lowland subtropical rainforest in Taiwan

n-Alkane and alkane-degrading bacteria have long been used as crucial biological indicators of paleoecology, petroleum pollution, and oil and gas prospecting. However, the relationship between n-alkane and alkane-degrading bacteria in natural forests is still poorly understood. In this study, long-chain n-alkane (C14–C35) concentrations in litterfall, litter layer, and topsoil as well as the diversity and abundance of n-alkane-degrading bacterial communities in litter layers were investigated in three habitats across a lowland subtropical rainforest in southern Taiwan: ravine, windward, and leeward habitats in Nanjenshan. Our results demonstrate that the litterfall yield and productivity of long-chain n-alkane were highest in the ravine habitats. However, long-chain n-alkane concentrations in all habitats were decreased drastically to a similar low level from the litterfall to the bulk soil, suggesting a higher rate of long-chain n-alkane degradation in the ravine habitat. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) analysis using next-generation sequencing data revealed that the relative abundances of microbial communities in the windward and leeward habitats were similar and different from that in the ravine habitat. Data mining of community amplicon sequencing using the NCBI database revealed that alkBgene-associated bacteria (95 % DNA sequence similarity to alkB-containing bacteria) were most abundant in the ravine habitat. Empirical testing of litter layer samples using semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction for determining alkB gene levels confirmed that the ravine habitat had higher alkB gene levels than the windward and leeward habitats. Heat map analysis revealed parallels in pattern color between the plant and microbial species compositions of the habitats, suggesting a causal relationship between the plant n-alkane production and microbial community diversity. This finding indicates that the diversity and relative abundance of microbial communities in the litter layer are affected by n-alkane plant composition in the litterfall.
Joint inversion of long‐offset and central‐loop transient electromagnetic data: Application to a mud volcano exploration in Perekishkul, Azerbaijan

Mud volcanism is commonly observed in Azerbaijan and the surrounding South Caspian Basin. This natural phenomenon is very similar to magmatic volcanoes but differs in one considerable aspect: Magmatic volcanoes are generally the result of ascending molten rock within the Earth's crust, whereas mud volcanoes are characterised by expelling mixtures of water, mud, and gas. The majority of mud volcanoes have been observed on ocean floors or in deep sedimentary basins, such as those found in Azerbaijan. Furthermore, their occurrences in Azerbaijan are generally closely associated with hydrocarbon reservoirs and are therefore of immense economic and geological interest. The broadside long‐offset transient electromagnetic method and the central‐loop transient electromagnetic method were applied to study the inner structure of such mud volcanoes and to determine the depth of a resistive geological formation that is predicted to contain the majority of the hydrocarbon reservoirs in the survey area. One‐dimensional joint inversion of central‐loop and long‐offset transient electromagnetic data was performed using the inversion schemes of Occam and Marquardt. By using the joint inversion models, a subsurface resistivity structure ranging from the surface to a depth of approximately 7 km was determined. Along a profile running perpendicular to the assumed strike direction, lateral resistivity variations could only be determined in the shallow depth range using the transient electromagnetic data. An attempt to resolve further two‐dimensional/three‐dimensional resistivity structures, representing possible mud migration paths at large depths using the long‐offset transient electromagnetic data, failed. Moreover, the joint inversion models led to ambiguous results regarding the depth and resistivity of the hydrocarbon target formation due to poor resolution at great depths (>5 km). Thus, 1D/2D modelling studies were subsequently performed to investigate the influence of the resistive terminating half‐space on the measured long‐offset transient electromagnetic data.
Modeling of wave-induced irradiance variability in the upper ocean mixed layer

A Monte Carlo based radiative transfer model has been developed for calculating the availability of solar radiation within the top 100 m of the ocean. The model is optimized for simulations of spatial high resolution downwelling irradiance Ed fluctuations that arise from the lensing effect of waves at the water surface. In a first step the accuracy of simulation results have been verified by measurements of the oceanic underwater light field and through intercomparison with an established radiative transfer model. Secondly the potential depth-impact of nonlinear shaped single waves, from capillary to swell waves, is assessed by considering the most favorable conditions for light focusing, i.e. monochromatic light at 490 nm, very clear oceanic water with a low chlorophyll a content of 0.1 mg m−3 and high sun elevation. Finally light fields below irregular wave profiles accounting for realistic sea states were simulated. Our simulations suggest that under open ocean conditions light flashes with 50 % irradiance enhancements can appear down to 35 m depth, and light variability in the range of ±10 % compared to the mean Ed is still possible in 100 m depth.
Combining expenditure surveys and tax registers: the case of Milan municipality

In this paper we combine two data sources: the sample survey on family expenditure conducted by the Milan Municipality and the Chamber of Commerce of Milan (wave 2007-2008) and the tax register matched to the local population and family register in the data-warehouse AMeRIcA, regarding residents in Milan in 2007. 2 We mainly focus on data combination and run a few matching exercises following Jenkins et al (2008) approach. Using both information on individuals and households we select four variables (Census Section, Type of Family and two compounded variables for age and sex) and combine them into four matching criteria applied in a first stage independently and in a second one hierarchically. Results are encouraging since we match more than 70% of the survey households through the automated matching exercise.
Categorizing Cruise Lines by Passenger Perceived Experience

In the travel and hospitality industries, categorization of products, brands, and experiences permits efficient comparison and evaluation that aids decision making—from consumer choice to organizational strategy. However, categories often involve self-categorization (e.g., marketer defined) that may not reflect the reality of dynamic markets and industries. In this study of the cruise industry, we derive a new categorization approach using consumer perceptions of their cruise experiences to challenge a long-standing industry typology. Results using a variety of statistical tests of J.D. Power data from more than 3,000 cruisers yield a new and more informative category structure and assignment of cruise lines to it. Analyses reveal differences between the new cruise categories in terms of determinants that influence customer choice. Discussion highlights benefits to travel practitioners of using dynamic and customer-based categories, as well as to researchers of applying advanced statistical techniques to expose unexpected and insightful patterns in secondary data.
You are so kind – and I am kind and smart: Actor – Observer Differences in the Interpretation of On-going Behavior

The dual perspective model of agency and communion predicts that observers tend to interpret a target’s behavior more in terms of communion than agency, whereas actors interpret their behavior more in terms of agency. The present research for the first time tests this model in real interactions. Previously unacquainted participants had a short conversation and afterwards rated their own behavior (actor perspective) and their interaction partner’s behavior (observer perspective) in terms of agency(self-confident, assertive) and communion(trustworthy, empathic). Supporting the dual perspective model, observers rated the actor’s behavior higher on communion than on agency, and higher on communion than actors themselves did. Findings for actors were more complex: Actors rated their own behavior as more agentic than observers did. However, they also rated their behavior high on communion. We discuss implications for the dual perspective model as well as for (mis)understandings in social interactions.
Distribution of Cell Size in Growing Cultures of Bacteria and the Applicability of the Collins-Richmond Principle

SUMMARY: Theoretical cell-size distributions for populations of growing cells are calculated for different models of cell growth and for different degrees of variability in size of cells at division. From these computations, it is concluded that the coefficient of variation (c.v.) is almost independent of the relationship of growth rate to cell size. It is 20% if there is no variability in the cell size at division. For a case typical for enteric rod-shaped bacteria, the variability in cell size at division is about 10% and the calculated c.v. in cell size of the population in this case increases to 22-23%. Calculations based on the microscopic observations of others are in the range of 20-25%. It is proposed that the c.v. of the size distribution serve as a standard in assessing the accuracy of the electronic instruments that size bacteria. Evidently, only the higher moments of the population cell size distribution contain information bearing on the growth dependence of the organisms on their size. It is pointed out that this means that the Collins-Richmond principle must be applied only to precise and accurate data.
Reconciling the Chinese Financial Development with its Economic

Focused on the case of China’s financial development, the present discursive essay sets out to argue that if the Chinese financial system distorted the allocation of funds then economic growth could not be sustained and financial depth would remain deficient. The essay puts forward selected financial facts and policies, discusses their relevance in the particular context of China’s economic development goals and concludes that although the Chinese financial system is not developed according to the standards of industrialized countries, financial intermediation has nevertheless been efficient in terms of promoting savings and credit to the extent that might have been good enough to facilitate economic growth. Furthermore, in order to reconcile China’s financial efficiency-growth apparent paradox, the essay supports the view that analyzing China’s financial system using market-based standards may not be valid.
Shelf-Life of Refrigerated Raw Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) Patties

The objective of this study was to determine the maximum shelf-life of raw anchovy patties preserved under refrigeration conditions. Organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological analysis of anchovy patties were performed every other day throughout 10 days. Total volatile basic nitrogen and trimethylamine values increased throughout storage (P<0.05) and reached 52.6 and 10.6 mg/100 g at the 10 th day, respectively. There was slight but significant change in pH values of the patties (P<0.05). All microbial counts, total and coliform bacteria, proteolytic microorganism, and yeast-mold count, significantly increased throughout storage (P<0.05). Acceptability of the products significantly decreased as storage time increased (P<0.05). Maximum shelf-life of anchovy patties was found 6 days at 4±2°C.
Openness and Economic Performance: A Comparative Study of China and the Asian NIEs

Being the world's largest developing economy, China's successful economic performance since 1978 has had a powerful impact on the global economy. Its open policy features an evolutionary process, involving the gradual liberalization of foreign exchange, international trade and foreign direct investments. This paper evaluates how this evolutionary process has contributed to China's economic success in comparison with the development experiences of the Asian newly industrialized economies (NIEs). It concludes that despite the economic crisis in 1997–98, China and the NIEs represent a successful development model, which is built upon openness and huge investments in physical and human capital.
Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on Macrothallus Initiation in Dumontia contorta (Rhodophyta)

Gametophytic and sporophytic microthalli of Dumontia contorta from Isle of Man appear to persist indefinitely in the vegetative state at photoperiods of 14 h and longer, but form erect, branched, tubular macrothalli at photoperiods of 12 h or less. Responses of microthalli kept under different daylengths at 2,000 lux, and those of microthalli kept under daylength-adjusted light intensities, giving equal daily light doses, did not differ from one another. The critical daylength for this short-day response is approxin~ately 12 h. The response to short-day conditions was inhibited by a short white night-break of 0.25 h given in the middle of a 16 h dark period, irrespective of light intensity (2,000 or 180 lux); this suggests a genuine photoperiodic response as known from flowering plants. However, a relatively large number of short-day cycles (at least 31) are required to produce some effect. Macrothalli formation involves 2 separate steps. The first step (induction of macrothallus initials) depends entirely on daylength, the second (development of initials into macrothalli) on both daylength and temperature. This was deduced from the fact that macrothallus initials were formed under shortday conditions irrespective of temperature (4 to 24'), whereas macrothalli were formed from initials under short-day conditions but only at temperatures of 16" (critical temperature) or lower. At 26" microthalli died gradually. Like microthalli, macrothalli grow optimally at 16 to 18". It follows, therefore, that macrothalli cannot be expected to grow from macrothallus initials above 16" and under short-day conditions, since elongation of short cells in the f~laments of macrothallus initials (start of macrothallus growth) would be blocked. Elongation of these cells was probably also blocked by longday conditions because macrothallus initials did not grow out after transfer of microthalli from shortday to long-day conditions at 12"
Soil-site suitability for Indian mustard in Malwa plateau in Rajasthan

Ten typical pedons in Malwa plateau of Banswara district, Rajasthan were evaluated for their suitability to Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. ] cultivation using limitation method regarding number and intensity of limitations. The study suggests that Indian mustard is moderately suitable in soils of Pedon P5, P8 and P9 but marginally suitable in soils of Pedon P4, P7. Whereas soils of Pedon P1, P2, P3 and P10 are not suitable for Indian mustard cultivation. Soil depth, drainage, erosion, texture and organic carbon are the major limitations for crop growth in the most of soils of Malwa plateau. Results showed that the suitability classes can be improved if the correctable limitations (soil fertility characteristics) are altered through soil amelioration measures.