Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining Clinical Symptoms of Getting Poisoned by Aluminum Phosphide in Comparison with Getting Poisoned by Zinc Phosphide, in Relation with Patients of Loqman Hospital

Aluminum phosphide and zinc phosphide poisoning has been increased during the last years in Iran. Aluminum and zinc phosphides are two rodenticides that are used a lot as a result of easy access and low price; however, they have caused poisoning issues and even death. In this research, 50 medical files of acute zinc phosphide poisoning and 50 cases of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning that have been admitted to poisoning wards of Loghman poison center in Tehran from march 2010 to September 2011 would be studied. In fact, this research compares the presentation of toxicity, prognostic factors and outcome between these two groups. Dizziness, shortness of breath, digestive disorders, nervous disorders, cardiovascular problems, pulmonary edema, hypocalcaemia, electrocardiographic disorder, Thrombocytopenia, and methemoglobinemia are all symptoms of getting poisoned by these two phosphides. Since there is not a specific antidote for them, it is very important to diagnose apparent clinical symptoms related to them. The purpose of present paper is to recognize these symptoms better and to make medical groups familiar with different aspects of toxicology related to aluminum and zinc phosphides poisoning. Although shock and severe hypotension resistant to treatment are the most common causes of morbidity in ALP poisoning, they have been seen with low frequency in ZP poisoning. Moreover, though hemodynamic instability and cardiac dysrrhythmias are common symptoms in ALP poisoning, they are not common symptoms in ZP poisoning. In spite of similar mechanisms for both poisons, acute ZP poisoning shows less mortality in comparison with ALP poisoning.
Effective Strategies and Interventions for Adolescents in a Child Protection Context: Literature Review

Adolescence is a time of significant developmental transition that is considered to be second only to infancy in the magnitude of changes that occur. Adolescents experience numerous developmental challenges at varying pace, including: increasing need for independence; evolving sexuality; transitioning through education and commencing employment; consolidating advanced cognitive abilities; and negotiating changing relationships with family, peers and broader social connections. The adolescent period is also marked by increased involvement in risk behaviours that may predispose young people to poor long-term outcomes. Many of these risk behaviours are relatively transitory in nature and are resolved by the beginning of adulthood. However, there is increasing evidence of the significant level of emotional and behavioural difficulties such as depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, substance misuse and suicidal thoughts that are experienced by some Australian adolescents.
Fish Oil–Derived Fatty Acids, Docosahexaenoic Acid and Docosapentaenoic Acid, and the Risk of Acute Coronary Events: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

BackgroundPrevious findings concerning the serum levels of fish-derived (n-3) fatty acids and coronary heart disease are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the serum n-3 end-product fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and eicosapentaenoic acid and the risk of acute coronary events in middle-aged men. Methods and ResultsWe studied this association in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, a prospective population study in Eastern Finland. Subjects were randomly selected and included 1871 men aged 42 to 60 years who had no clinical coronary heart disease at baseline examination. A total of 194 men had a fatal or nonfatal acute coronary event during follow-up. In a Cox proportional hazards’ model adjusting for other risk factors, men in the highest fifth of the proportion of serum DHA+DPA in all fatty acids had a 44% reduced risk (P=0.014) of acute coronary events compared with men in the lowest fifth. Men in the highest fifth of DHA+DPA who had a low hair content of mercury (≤2.0 &mgr;g/g) had a 67% reduced risk (P=0.016) of acute coronary events compared with men in the lowest fifth who had a high hair content of mercury (>2.0 &mgr;g/g). There was no association between proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid and the risk of acute coronary events. ConclusionsOur data provide further confirmation for the concept that fish oil–derived fatty acids reduce the risk of acute coronary events. However, a high mercury content in fish could attenuate this protective effect.
Methylphenidate improves learning impairments and hyperthermia‐induced seizures caused by an Scn1a mutation

Developmental disorders including cognitive deficit, hyperkinetic disorder, and autistic behaviors are frequently comorbid in epileptic patients with SCN1A mutations. However, the mechanisms underlying these developmental disorders are poorly understood and treatments are currently unavailable. Using a rodent model with an Scn1a mutation, we aimed to elucidate the pathophysiologic basis and potential therapeutic treatments for developmental disorders stemming from Scn1a mutations.
Medical audit changes physicians' prescribing of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections.

OBJECTIVE To reduce the prescribing of antibiotics in respiratory tract infections (RTI). DESIGN AND SUBJECTS The Audit Odense model for registration and quality development was used for RTI. Twenty general practitioners registered their consultations for RTIs during 4 weeks in February-March (n = 1124) and November-December (n = 926) in 1995. Diagnosis, choice of antibiotics and diagnostic tools were registered. In between the two registrations an active intervention took place. Consultations for RTIs among 25 physicians (who had not participated in any intervention or follow-up discussion) served as a control. SETTING General practice in southern Sweden. OUTCOME MEASURES Prescribing of antibiotics before and after an intervention. RESULTS The proportion of patients not receiving an antibiotic increased from the first to the second registration in both groups, in the intervention group from 45 to 55% (p < 0.001) and in the control group from 36 to 40% (p = 0.0298). The reduction was most evident in patients diagnosed with tonsillitis and bronchitis. This was in concordance with an increase in the use of desktop diagnostics (Strep A and CRP). CONCLUSION These results indicate that it is possible to achieve a change in the utilisation of antibiotics in the treatment of RTIs and that the Audit Project Odense (APO) model could be a valuable tool.
Classical and Quantum Strings in compactified pp-waves and Godel type Universes

We consider Neveu-Schwarz (NS) pp waves with spacetime supersymmetry. Upon compactification of a spacelike direction, these backgrounds develop closed null curves (CNCs) and closed timelike curves (CTCs), and are U dual to supersymmetric G\"odel type universes. We study classical and quantum strings in this background, with emphasis on the strings winding around the compact direction. We consider two types of strings: long strings stabilized by NS flux and rotating strings which are stabilized against collapse by angular momentum. Some of the latter strings wrap around CNCs and CTCs, and are thus a potential source of pathology. We analyze the partition function, and in particular discuss the effects of these string states. Although our results are not conclusive, the partition function seems to be dramatically altered due to the presence of CNCs and CTCs. We discuss some interpretations of our results, including a possible sign of unitary violation.
b 1 - and b 2 -Adrenoceptor-Mediated Thermogenesis and Lipid Utilization in Obese and Lean Men*

The aim of this study was to elucidate the roles of the b 1 - and the b 2 -adrenoceptors in thermogenesis and lipid utilization in obesity. The b 1 -adrenoceptor study was performed in 9 obese and 10 lean men and consisted of 4 30-min periods during which subjects received consecutive infusions of 0, 3, 6, and 9 m g/kg fat-free mass (FFM) z min dobutamine. Energy expenditure, lipid oxidation, and plasma non- esterified fatty acids and glycerol concentrations increased similarly inbothgroupsduring b 1 -adrenergicstimulation.The b 2 -adrenoceptor study was performed in 10 obese and 11 lean men and involved 3 45-min periods during which 0, 50, and 100 ng/kg FFM z min salbutamol were given in combination 1.2 m g/kg FFM z min atenolol (bolus, 50 m g/kg FFM). During b 2 -adrenergic stimulation, the increases in energy expenditure and plasma nonesterified fatty acids and glycerol concentrations were reduced in the obese group. Furthermore, lipid oxidation significantly increased in the normal weight group, but remained similar in the overweight group. In conclusion, these data suggest that b 1 -adrenoceptor-mediated metabolic processes are sim- ilar in both groups, but b 2 -adrenoceptor-mediated increases in thermogenesis and lipid utilization are impaired in the obese.
Physico-chemical analysis of Albian (Lower Cretaceous) amber from San Just (Spain): implications for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological studies

Amber from a Lower Cretaceous outcrop at San Just, located in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula (Escucha Formation, Maestrat Basin), was investigated to evaluate its physico-chemical properties. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Differential Thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, infra-red spectroscopy, elemental and C-isotope analyses were performed. Physico-chemical differences between the internal light nuclei and the peripheral darker portions of San Just amber can be attributed to processes of diagenetic alteration that preferentially took place in the external amber border colonized by microorganisms (fungi or bacteria) when the resin was still liquid or slightly polymerized. δ13Camber values of different pieces of the same sample, from the nucleus to the external part, are remarkably homogeneous, as are δ13Camber values of the darker peripheral portions and lighter inner parts of the same samples. Hence, neither invasive microorganisms, nor diagenetic alteration, changed the bulk isotopic composition of the amber. δ13C values of different amber samples range from -21.1‰ to -24‰, as expected for C3 plant-derived material. C-isotope analysis, coupled to palaeobotanical, TG and DTG data and infra-red spectra, suggests that San Just amber was exuded by only one conifer species, belonging to either the Cheirolepidiaceae or Aracauriaceae, coniferous families probably living under stable palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological conditions.
Monthly oral ibandronate is well tolerated and efficacious in postmenopausal women: results from the monthly oral pilot study.

CONTEXT Ibandronate, a potent, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate developed for intermittent administration in postmenopausal osteoporosis, aims to overcome current adherence issues with daily and weekly oral bisphosphonates through once-monthly oral dosing. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of once-monthly oral ibandronate. DESIGN A randomized, 3-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I study (Monthly Oral Pilot Study) was conducted. SETTING The study was conducted at five clinical trial centers in the United Kingdom and Belgium. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Subjects were postmenopausal women (age, 55-80 yr; > or =3 yr post menopause; n = 144). INTERVENTION(S) Once-monthly oral ibandronate 50, 100, or 150 mg or placebo was used. After the first cycle, the 50-mg arm was split, with participants continuing on either 50 or 100 mg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary outcome measures were safety, serum and urinary C-telopeptide (CTX), and serum ibandronate AUC0-infinity. RESULTS Once-monthly oral ibandronate was well tolerated, with a similar overall and upper gastrointestinal safety profile to placebo. Once-monthly ibandronate was also highly effective in decreasing bone turnover; substantial reductions from baseline in serum CTX (-56.7% and -40.7% in the 150- and 100-mg arms, respectively; P < 0.001 vs. placebo) and urinary CTX (-54.1% and -34.6%, respectively; P < 0.001 vs. placebo) were observed at d 91 (30 d after the final dose). Analysis of the area under the effect curve (d 1-91) for change from baseline (percent x days) in serum CTX and urinary CTX indicated a dose-response relationship. The AUC0-infinity for ibandronate increased with dose but not in a dose-proportional manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a potential role for once-monthly oral ibandronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Outcome after ischemia in the developing sheep brain: An electroencephalographic and histological study

The role of seizures occurring with perinatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathies is unclear. We examined the relationships between the time course of parasagittal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and pathological outcome following transient cerebral ischemia, which was induced in 33 chronically instrumented fetal sheep by occluding the carotid arteries after ligation of the vertebral‐carotid anastomoses. The EEG was quantified with real‐time spectral analysis. Histological outcome was assessed 72 hours later. After 10 or 20 minutes of ischemia, EEG activity was depressed and then progressively recovered and mild selective neuronal loss was seen. The length of this depression correlated with the duration of ischemia (r = 0.88). After 30 or 40 miniutes of ischemia, EEG activity remained depressed for 8 ± 2 hours, followed by a rapid transition to low‐frequency epileptiform activity that reached maximum intensity at 10 ± 3 hours. By 72 hours, EEG intensity had fallen below control levels. This sequence of prolonged depression, epileptiform activity, and then loss of intensity was associated with the development of laminar necrosis of the underlying cortex. These electrophysiological sequelae may have prognostic value. The results indicate that after a severe hypoxicischemic insult, the parasagittal cortex becomes hyperexcitable before the final loss of activity. Secondary neuronal death may occur in this phase.
Cimex lectularius (“Bed Bugs”): Recognition, Management, and Eradication

Abstract Reports of bed bug infestations in major cities in the United States and abroad have been in the public press. Physicians and other clinicians who care for children need to be able to recognize bed bug bites and understand the social, psychological, and medical implications that this diagnosis will have on patients and their families. In this article, a case presentation serves to guide discussion regarding establishing the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and the management of bed bug bites and their complications. Integrated pest management programs involving housing managers, residents, and professional pest exterminators provide both chemical and nonchemical solutions for eradication of bed bug infestations.
Differential contributions of the parahippocampal place area and the anterior hippocampus to human memory for scenes

Past neuroimaging research has identified a parahippocampal place area (PPA) in the posterior medial temporal lobe (MTL), which responds preferentially to visual scenes and plays a role in episodic memory for this class of stimuli. In the present positron emission tomography study, we examined to what extent the functional characteristics of the PPA resemble those of other, more anterior MTL regions across various learning and recognition‐memory tasks. We also determined whether the involvement of the PPA in recognition of previously studied scenes is specific to a particular type of scene information. We found that, like the PPA, anterior hippocampal regions showed a novelty response (higher activation for novel than repeated scenes) and a stimulus‐related response (higher activation for scenes than objects) during learning, indicating that MTL structures other than the PPA contribute to the encoding of novel stimulus relationships in scenes. However, these anterior hippocampal regions showed no involvement during recognition of either spatial or nonspatial information contained in scenes. The PPA, by contrast, was consistently involved in recognition of all types of scene details, presumably through interactions with co‐activated parietal and occipitotemporal cortices. We suggest that MTL contributions from the PPA are sufficient to support recognition of scenes when the task can be based on a perceptually based familiarity process. Hippocampus 2002;12:718–723. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron microscopic evidence for multiple types of secretory vesicles in bovine chromaffin cells.

It has been previously shown that the neuron-like chromaffin cells from the bovine adrenal medulla are heterogeneous. Among other differences, the cells also differed in secretory vesicles represented in their cytoplasm. The present study investigates the types of secretory vesicles in bovine chromaffin cells by electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis revealed five types of electron-dense secretory vesicles in chromaffin cells. These were as follows: elementary large catecholamine-storing chromaffin granules of rounded shape, large dense core vesicles of ovoid and rod-like shapes, small dense core vesicles as well as ribosome-coated vesicles of intermediate density. Among the electron-lucent vesicles there were small synaptic-like microvesicles, endocytotic clathrin-coated vesicles, growth cone vesicles, and emptied large light core vesicles. The structural and functional backgrounds of different types of secretory vesicles are described, focusing on their formation and potential role.
25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D, DEMENTIA, AND CEREBROVASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN ELDERS RECEIVING HOME SERVICES

CEREBROVASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN ELDERS RECEIVING HOME SERVICES To the Editor: In this cross-sectional study, Buell et al.1 showed that 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] 20 ng/mL indicated a 2.2-fold risk for all-cause dementia, a 2.7-fold risk for Alzheimer disease (AD), and a 2.3-fold risk for stroke. These results remained significant even after adjustment for a list of covariates. However, adjusting for all potential confounders is essential to determine if the association is really significant or explained by confounders.2 Confounder “C” is defined by 2 conditions: a covariate significantly associated with both the outcomes “Y” and “X”; and the association of “X” with “Y” vanished when adjusting for both “C” and “X. ”2 In addition, “C” remains a confounder even when it is not statistically significant by itself because it changes the effect of the exposure of “Y” to “X” when it is included in the model, or because it is a confounder only when included with other covariates.2 This point is particularly important since vitamin D belongs to a complex biologic system. First, 25(OH)D insufficiency causes an elevation of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). 3 This inverse correlation does not answer whether 25(OH)D insufficiency itself or secondary hyperparathyroidism acts on brain tissue. The association of elevated serum PTH with cognition has been reported in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism whose clinical features include dementia, which could be reversed after parathyroidectomy.4 In the Helsinki Aging Study, high PTH concentrations also indicated an independent twofold risk for a 5-year cognitive decline.3 Due to the difficulties of interpretation of any separate effects, PTH should be considered a potential confounder while investigating vitamin D and cognition. In addition, vitamin D regulates the absorption and flow of calcium, which has also been associated with dementia. The elevation of intracellular calcium leads to neuronal cell death.5 Schram et al.5 found that high serum calcium concentrations were associated with worse global cognitive function at baseline and a faster cognitive decline over age 75. Future investigations are necessary to adjust for the covariates of PTH and calcium while exploring the association between variable 25(OH)D and dementia.
Apolipoprotein E ε4 and Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease-Let's Talk About Sex.

The apolipoprotein E (cid:2) 4 ( APOE4 ) allele is the most potent genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) and female sex is associated with increased risk. In both sexes, car-riersofthe alleleharbor a dose-dependent increase in riskofADdevelopment,com-paredwiththosewiththeneu- tral APOE3 orprotective APOE2 . Weunderstandthe APOE4 risk to be greater in women, and our current dogma raises several
Selenium Depletion in Hemodialysis Patients Treated with Polysulfone Membranes

Background/Aims: Epidemiological, animal and human studies have indicated that selenium deficiency is a risk factor for death from malignant diseases. The mechanisms that could modify selenium status may, therefore, be of particular interest in hemodialysis patients, considering their high cancer mortality rates. We aimed at evaluating the effect of hemodialysis with polysulfone membranes on selenium status. Methods: Twenty- eight chronically dialyzed patients and 32 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum and dialysis fluid selenium concentrations, serum total protein, and hemoglobin concentrations and serum glutathione peroxidase activity were determined before and after the hemodialysis procedure. Results: The (mean ± SD) serum selenium and total protein concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in healthy controls (75.9 ± 8.3 µg/l, 78 ± 6 g/l, and 23.8 ± 4.8 mU/20 µl, respectively) than in the patients. There was no significant difference between serum selenium concentration before (63.6 ± 11.6 µg/l) and after (64.4 ± 11.4 µg/l) hemodialysis sessions, although hemoglobin and total serum protein concentrations and serum glutathione peroxidase activities increased (from 98.5 ± 1.3 to 114.8 ± 1.5 g/l, from 64 ± 8 to 71 ± 9 g/l, and from 16.8 ± 1.8 to 18.9 ± 1.9 mU/20 µl, respectively) significantly (p < 0.05) during hemodialysis, indicating hemoconcentration. The selenium concentration doubled, and protein appeared in the dialysates during dialysis session. The correlation of the selenium concentrations with the protein concentrations in the dialysate is significant (p < 0.01) with a Spearman R value of 0.97. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that selenium is lost through the pores of polysulfone membranes during hemodialysis which is associated with their protein permeability.
Long‐term survival with non‐proportional hazards: results from the Dutch Gastric Cancer Trial

Randomized clinical trials with long‐term survival data comparing two treatments often show Kaplan–Meier plots with crossing survival curves. Such behaviour implies a violation of the proportional hazards assumption for treatment. The Cox proportional hazards regression model with treatment as a fixed effect can therefore not be used to assess the influence of treatment of survival. In this paper we analyse long‐term follow‐up data from the Dutch Gastric Cancer Trial, a randomized study comparing limited (D1) lymph node dissection with extended (D2) lymph node dissection. We illustrate a number of ways of dealing with survival data that do not obey the proportional hazards assumption, each of which can be easily implemented in standard statistical packages. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.