Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Enzymes Supplementation ( Rovabio and Kemin )

Use of non starch polysaccharides (NSP) degrading enzymes in poultry diets has increased considerably in recent years. However, the effects of exogenous enzymes can be variable and are dependent on a large number of factors such as the age of the bird and the quality and type of diet (Bedford, 2000). Neither corn nor soybean meal is regarded as viscous feedstuffs even though they do contain appreciable amounts of NSP’s. Corn contains approximately 0.9% soluble NSP and 6% insoluble NSP, whereas soybean meal contains approximately 6% soluble NSP and 18-21% insoluble NSP (Bach Knudsen, 1997). Noy and Sklan (1994) reported that ileal digestibility of corn starch rarely exceeds 85% in broilers between 4 and 21 d of age, indicating opportunities to further improve the digestibility of resistant starch in the jejunum and ileum through amylase supplementation. Furthermore, proteases could potentially degrade such soybean proteins as glycinin and conglycinin and some anti-nutritional factors (lectin and trypsininhibitor) in inadequately processed soybean meal (Thrope and Beal, 2001). Legume NSP are much more complex in An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of exogenous enzymes supplementation (ES) on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broilers chickens. One hundred and eighty day old chicks with 40 ± 2 g initial body weight in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications were fed experimental diets included, 1) basal diet no enzymes (control), 2) basal diet + Rovabio® multi enzymes and 3) basal diet + Kemin® multi enzyme. The diets of all groups were formulated in an isonitrogeous and isoenergetic diet based on corn and soybean. Data on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass characters, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol and triglyceride levels were collected for 3 periods starter (1-21 d), grower (22-42 d), finisher (43-49 d) and total (1-49 d). Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) among different experimental diets for weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The lowest feed consumption and weight gain were observed in control group while the highest were obtained in groups that fed with multi enzyme supplementation. Also, poor feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in control group and best FCR (lowest) were in groups that were fed multi enzymes. In carcass traits no differences (P>0.05) between groups were observed. Adding enzyme significantly increased the concentration of blood HDL and decreased triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL at 21, 42 and 49 d of age (P<0.05). Results from this experiment suggest that multi enzyme supplementation can improve broiler performance.
Catalysis, Heavy Fermions, Solitons, Cold Fusion, Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) and all that

We consider in the paper an idea of a soliton and heavy fermion catalysis for a cold fusion similar to a muon catalysis. This catalysis is achieved via quasi- chemical bonds for heavy fermions and solitons as well. We consider also a soliton catalysis (for KP-solutions), which is quite different. This kind of catalysis is similar to enzymatic catalysis. In the paper we construct a model for a cold fusion reactor based on Onsager–Prigogine irreversible thermodynamics. We give examples of several compounds with heavy fermions (heavy electrons) which are hydrogen storages. Samples of those compounds can be (in principle) cold fusion reactors if filled with a deuter. It is necessary to do several experiments (de- scribed in the paper) in order to find a proper compound which will be a base for a battery device. We consider also a case with cold plasma (e.g. in metals) filled with a deuter. Solitons in a plasma can catalyse a fusion in two regimes: as quasiparticles and in enzymatic-like regime.
Networked embedded greenhouse monitoring and control

Networked embedded systems have become quite important nowadays, especially for monitoring and control of distance and dislocated objects. Small greenhouses are typical examples. First, they are usually located far away from the owners house, and second, the plant growth is an example of the process which needs constant 24 hours monitoring. In this paper networked embedded greenhouse monitoring and control based on simple embedded web servers and 1-wire protocol for connecting sensors and actuators is described. Hardware and software architecture of embedded web servers are described and the experimental results of monitoring and control of laboratory greenhouse model are presented.
Work Stress Among Bank Employees: A Case Study of Bank Rakyat

The extent of stress faced by skilled employees in organizations is often substantial. In several professions, stress is intrinsic to the duty itself, where competing demands, challenges and pressures escort the duty and therefore cannot be avoided. On the organizational level, stress exists in every company. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute of to work stress among Bank Rakyat’s employees. This study also aimed to determine if there were any statistically significant differences in the respondents’ level of work stress by demographic factors (gender, status, education qualification, job position and length of service). The survey was carried out at 12 branches of Bank Rakyat in the northern region of the Malaysian Peninsula. A total 154 bank employees participated in this study. Data was collected through a 40-item questionnaire on a five-point Likert Scale. The findings of this study showed that only organizational factors had a significant influence on work stress level. The study also revealed that the overall level of work stress among the respondents was moderate. While on the difference between the level of work stress by demographic factors, this study found that there was no statistically significant difference between these factors.
Economic Value and Produced Milk Quality in Holstein Lactating Cows in Organic System

In the past decade, a global demand for products from organic agriculture has increased rapidly. Milk quality is of major interest for all parties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare cow performance and product quality in conventional and organic system. Twenty Holstein dairy cows were allotted to one of 2 diet groups, which including: a conventional diet (CON), and an organic system with high forage (OHF). Multiparous cows (3rd and 4th parity) were randomly assigned to the treatments. Range forages were used as part of diets and cows were offered concentrate and silage two times a day. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were measured across 200 d. Furthermore, somatic cell count, feed cost and feed efficiency were determined at 20 day intervals. The milk yield was different for cows that treated with the OHF (22.5 kg/d) and CON (28.9 kg/d) systems, respectively. Body weights were not affected by treatments; however, differences in body condition scores (P<0.05) were observed. Although energy corrected milk, milk urea nitrogen, cortisol and β-hydroxybutyrate acid were higher in cows fed CON system; milk fat, phytanic acid, hippuric acid and profit to cost ratio were higher (P<0.05) in cows fed organic system. Additionally, lower feed efficiency, feed cost and blood urea nitrogen were observed in cows fed organic diets (P<0.05).
Complementing South African inflation surveys: A suitable forecasting tool

Central banks currently perform inflation expectation surveys in order to better align their inflation expectations with that of the general public. However, surveys are time-consuming, complicated, expensive and not always accurate, thus compromising the credibility of these expectations. The complexity of inflation targeting and the difficulty of forecasting in real time can also cause policymakers to consider more basic models, which can lead to inexact forecasts. This article employs less complicated models, such as the seasonally adjusted autoregressive integrated moving average and Holt-Winters exponential smoothing models, to provide equally reliable forecasts. A more complex approach in the form of a non-linear autoregressive neural network process was also employed to model the strategic and rational manner in which the general public formulates their expectations. Overall, the forecast estimates provided by these models were superior when compared with the inflation expectations provided by the International Monetary Fund, South African Reserve Bank and Bureau for Economic Research.
Perceptions of Interactivity - The Roles of User Control and Feedback.

FRANKOSKY, REBECCA MEGAN. Perceptions of Interactivity The Roles of User Control and Feedback. (Under the direction of Dr. Douglas Gillan). The concept of interactivity, or the feeling that interaction creates, has been a topic of interest in many fields due to its probable importance to create positive and engaging user experiences, as well as its potential to aid the learning process. Yet, the meaning of interactivity is conceptually unclear and there is little consensus on exactly what interactivity entails. Activity theory, a framework recently used within the HCI community, views human interaction as being mediated by technology and highly dependent on dynamic internal factors and external contexts. While activity theory is a relevant framework for situating interaction it does not offer operational definitions of interaction or interactivity. The present study aimed to contribute to the concept explication of interactivity, through examination user perceptions of interactivity across different scenario contexts. Specifically, two features or dimensions, user control and feedback, which are thought to contribute to interactivity were analyzed. Results show significant positive relationships between both dimensions and perceived interactivity across all contexts for experimentally manipulated conditions. User control remained significant for all scenario contexts when using perceptions of user control as rated by participants. Feedback, when measured as participant perception, was not significantly associated with interactivity for two of the six contexts. Notably, the strength of the relationship between user control or feedback in predicting perceived interactivity depended on the scenario context. In line with activity theory, different scenario contexts may provide different user expectations, and thus influence perceptions of interactivity. © Copyright 2014 Rebecca Megan Frankosky
Chinese dyslexic children’s learning of an orthographically transparent language: Evidence for a facilitation effect.

The aim of the present research is to compare phonological abilities and visuo-spatial abilities in Chinese dyslexic children (CDC) vs. Italian dyslexic children (IDC). Specifically, 10 CDC, 10 IDC, 10 Chinese and 10 Italian children with typical development (TD) were administered instruments to assess reading, writing, visual-perceptual, and visual-spatial memory abilities. CDC showed lower performance in the reading task, in the text and sentence dictation tasks, in the visual-perceptual, visual-motor integration, and visual-spatial memory tasks, as compared to Chinese TD. IDC made more errors in the reading task and more phonological errors in the text and in the sentence dictation tasks, as compared to the Italian TD, but no significant differences emerged in visual-perceptual, visual-motor integration and visual-spatial memory abilities. The most important result is that CDC made significantly less errors in the reading task and in the phonological dictation task, despite they performed worse in the visual-perceptual, visual-motor integration and visual-spatial memory tasks, as compared to IDC. Indeed, CDC’ perceptual deficits do not appear to impair learning of reading and writing in a language with transparent orthography, despite those perceptual deficits represent a fundamental component of Chinese dyslexic children’s profile. Educational and practical implications are discussed.
ProPagation of drY habitat f er n SPecieS uSing SPor

Spores sourced from historic herbarium specimens have been used to introduce wild-collected material to the royal botanic garden edinburgh (rbge) living plant collection. the ability of dry habitat ferns to maintain spore viability for prolonged periods makes it possible to grow plants from the historically important rbge herbarium collections. the factors that affect the ability of spores to germinate from herbarium collections are described. three fern species from the Pteridaceae – Actiniopteris semiflabellata, Anogramma leptophylla and Aleuritopteris scioana – which were not previously in cultivation at rbge were germinated from herbarium material of different ages. germination was observed from all three species. Plants produced in this experiment were accessed into the rbge living plant collection for future horticultural research and germination trials.
Antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of Vitex negundo are mediated through calcium channel blockade

Vitex negundo has reputation in the traditional medicine in diarrhea and gut spasm. This study was carried out to provide possible pharmacological basis to its medicinal use in hyperactive gut disorders. In castor oil-induced diarrheal model, the crude extract of V. negundo , caused a dose-dependent protection (53-71%), similar to loperamide. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparation, V. negundo caused inhibition of spontaneous and high K + -induced contractions, with EC 50 values of 0.36 (0.22-0.61) and 1.30 mg/mL (0.27-5.89; n=4-5), respectively, suggestive of spasmolytic activity, mediated possibly through calcium channel blockade (CCB). The CCB activity was further confirmed when pre-treatment of the tissue with V. negundo (0.03-0.3 mg/mL) caused a rightward shift in the Ca ++ concentration-response curves (CRCs), similar to diltiazem or loperamide. These data indicate that the antidiarrheal and spasmolytic effects of the crude extract of V. negundo are mediated through the presence of CCB-like constituent(s). DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjp.v8i3. 15296 Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology Vol.8(3) 2013 317-322
GCR intensity during the sunspot maximum phase and the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field

The maximum phase of the solar cycle is characterized by several interesting features in the solar activity, heliospheric characteristics and the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity. Recently the maximum phase of the current solar cycle (SC) 24, in many relations anomalous when compared with solar cycles of the second half of the 20-th century, came to the end. The corresponding phase in the GCR intensity cycle is also in progress. In this paper we study different aspects of the sunspot, heliospheric and GCR behavior around this phase. Our main conclusions are as follows: 1) The maximum phase of the sunspot SC 24 ended in 06.2014, the development of the sunspot cycle being similar to those of SC 14, 15 (the Glaisberg minimum). The maximum phase of SC 24 in the GCR intensity is still in progress. 2) The inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field consists of three stages, characterized by the appearance of the global heliospheric current sheet (HCS), connecting all longitudes. In two transition dipole stages beside the global HCS there are additional local HCSs, while the inversion stage lies between two transition dipole ones and there is no global HCS in this stage. The inversion stage of the current SC 24 is the longest when compared with those for SC 21-23. The second transition dipole stage and hence the whole inversion period of the heliospheric magnetic field in SC 24 provisionally ended in 08.2014. 3) The behavior of the GCR intensity in the period of the sunspot maximum phase and the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic fields for SC 21-23 demonstrates all the characteristic features for this period: the two-gap structure corresponding to two-peak structure in the sunspot activity, and the energy hysteresis. In the current SC 24 the GCR intensity shows rather unusual features and we should wait for one or even two years to see the whole picture.
The Relevance of Soft Information for Predicting Small Business Credit Default: Evidence from a Social Bank

Using a unique, hand‐collected database of 389 small loans granted by a French social bank dealing with genuinely small, informationally opaque businesses (mainly social enterprises), our study highlights the relevance of including soft information (especially on management quality) to improve credit default prediction. Comparing our findings with those of previous studies also reveals that the more opaque the borrower, the higher the predictive value of soft information in comparison with hard. Finally, a cost‐benefit analysis shows that including soft information is economically valuable once collection costs have been accounted for, albeit to a moderate extent.
INVESTIGATION OF SYSTEM LATENCY DETECTION THRESHOLD OF VIRTUAL AUDITORY DISPLAY

It is important in a virtual auditory display (VAD) system to reproduce not only static sound information, but also dynamic variation of sound. Thus, to achieve a highly precise virtual auditory display system, the system should be responsive to a listener’s head movement. However, system latency (SL), in which the listener’s head movement is reflected in the sound, certainly exists. If SL is detectable to the listener, it results in incongruousness. Consequently, the detection threshold (DT) of SL must be well investigated and SL should be sufficiently smaller than it. However, there have been relatively few studies on the DT of SL. Moreover, as inter-subject differences have been reported, it is necessary to examine DT in more detail. In this study, the DT and difference limen (DL) were investigated using two kinds of experiments and compared. As a result, averaged DT and DL over listeners were estimated to be 94 ms and 70 ms, respectively. Moreover, a strong correlation between the DT and DL (r=0.81 (p < .01)) was observed. This may mean that DL can be regarded as DT when the minimum system latency of the system is sufficiently small. Therefore, by taking the average of our results and previous studies, DT of SL was estimated as being around 75 ms.
Back to Work: Parental Benefits and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in the Medium Run

The authors estimate policy impacts of a generous parental benefit in Germany by using a natural experiment and German census data. They estimate policy effects for the short run (first two years after childbirth) as well as for the medium run (that is, three to five years after childbirth). Although the results confirm the evidence from previous studies for the short run, pronounced patterns emerge for the medium run. First, effects on mothers’ employment probability are positive, significant, and large, ranging up to 10%. These gains are driven primarily by increases in part-time employment and working hours but also by full-time employment for high-income mothers. Moreover, mothers return to their previous employers at significantly higher rates, and employers reward this by raising job quality. The overall positive and sizeable impacts of the reform are centered on mothers from the medium and high terciles of the income distribution; low-income mothers do not benefit.
GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG SOME Vicia narbonensis L. VARIETIES AS REVEALED BY KARYOTYPE AND PROTEIN ANALYSIS

The genus Vicia belongs to the Legumes, family leguminosae which is considered one of the largest families of flowering Plants and repre- sents tremendous morphological, ecologi- cal and genetic diversity. It includes approximately 140 species (Weber and Schifino-Wittman, 1999) in which Vicia narbonensis L. (narbon bean) is one of an annual leguminous species with the potential to become an important grain and straw crop for animal feed. The understanding of the interpretation of evolutionary pathway depends on karyo- type studies are of a particular importance. V. narbonensis represents a species with relatively large genome (7.3 Pg/1C) (Navratilova et al., 2003) and the previous studies revealed that all accessions of V. narbonensis have one karyotype (Perino and Pignome, 1981; Singh and Lelley, 1982; Cremonini et al., 1998a; Ashour et al., 2005). Others found different karyotype formulae for some accessions (Svesschnikova, 1927; Yamamoto, 1973; Cremonini et al., 1998b; Koul et al., 1999; Navratilova et al., 2003). The use of gel electrophoresis of seed protein in phylogeny is supported by the fact that mature seeds posses the same protein components unchanged with age or environmental stress, and thus provide valid evidence for genetic relatedness (Crawford, 1990). Sammour (1987) car- ried out a comparative study on seed proteins of a number of wild Vicia species and its varieties. The study showed variation among V. narbonensis var. Aegyptiaca, which originated from V. narbonensis var. narbonensis and V. narbonensis var jordanica. El-Badan (2003) found close similarity in the seed protein profiles of the cultivated Vicia species and Vicia narbonensis var narbonensis indicated that this species can be considered as the immediate progenitor of V. faba. The previous studies confirmed that V. narbonensis is the closest genome of the wild species to V. faba and may share some common gene loci from a common ancestor and evolved in different pathways (Ashour et al., 2005). Consequently, for breeding and seed production, reliable genotype identification is necessary. In this study seeds of V. narbonen- sis from 9 locations in the Middle East were used for karyological and protein analysis. This study aims to clarify the genetic diversity among V. narbonensies varieties collected from different geo- graphical regions and to join three unknown V. narbonensis varieties to their similar group (variety) based on karyo- type and protein analysis.
Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Financial Variables on Investment Behavior in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) Countries

The objective of this paper is to propose an econometric analysis of the impact of financial variables on investment behavior in Sub-Saharan African countries. More specifically, the study estimates an investment function using cointegration techniques with a view to highlight the impact of Stock Exchange prices on the evolution of long-term investment and its determination in the short term. In order to take account of the effect on investment of the uncertainty in economic growth observed in recent years, we worked out several indicators of volatility in Stock Exchange prices of which, the real interest rate and the rate of growth of value-added.