Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Excitations and impurity dynamics in a fermionic Mott insulator with nearest-neighbor interactions

We study analytically and with the numerical time-evolving block decimation method the dynamics of an impurity in a bath of spinless fermions with nearest-neighbor interactions in a one-dimensional lattice. The bath is in a Mott insulator state with alternating sites occupied and the impurity interacts with the bath by repulsive on-site interactions. We find that when the magnitudes of the on-site and nearest-neighbor interactions are close to each other, the system shows excitations of two qualitatively distinct types. For the first type, a domain wall and an antidomain wall of density propagate into opposite directions, while the impurity stays at the initial position. For the second one, the impurity is bound to the antidomain wall while the domain wall propagates, an excitation where the impurity and bath are closely coupled.
Mobility and persistence of alachlor, atrazine and metolachlor in plainfield sand, and atrazine and isazofos in honeywood silt loam, using field lysimeters

Mobility and persistence of commercial formulations of alachlor, metolachlor and isazofos were studied under two moisture regimes using 75 x 15 cm field lysimeters. Formulated atrazine was also applied to each lysimeter for reference purposes. Alachlor- and metolachlor-treated lysimeters were packed with Plainfield sand, while Honeywood silt loam was used to pack isazofos-treated lysimeters. Effluent was monitored for each chemical, and selected cores were sectioned (7 x 10 cm) and analyzed to determine mobility profiles and persistence at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 21. The 50% disappearance times (DT50) for alachlor, atrazine, isazofos and metolachlor were: : atrazine > metolachlor > alachlor; in Honeywood silt loam: Des-Atr. > atrazine > isazofos.
CYTOMORPHOLOGY OF CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMORS

Twenty eight cases of transmissible venereal tumors were recorded during the period from March, 2013 to, February, 2015. They accounted for 39% of all the canine neoplasms. Impression cytology revealed sheets of round cells with cytoplasmic basophilia, intracytoplasmic vacuolation, round to oval nuclei with coarse chromatin and mitotic figures. In all genital TVTs, the cells were predominantly lymphocytic type and in case of extragenital TVTs, the cells were predominantly plasmacytic type.
The optimized interpolation of fish positions and speeds in an array of fixed acoustic receivers

Hedger, R. D. , Martin, F. , Dodson, J, J., Hatin, D. , Caron, F. , and Whoriskey, F. G. 2008. The optimized interpolation of fish positions and speeds in an array of fixed acoustic receivers. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1248-1259.The principal method for interpolating the positions and speeds of tagged fish within an array of fixed acoustic receivers is the weighted-mean method, which uses a box-kernel estimator, one of the simplest smoothing options available. This study aimed to determine the relative error of alternative, non-parametric regression methods for estimating these parameters. It was achieved by predicting the positions and speeds of three paths made through a dense array of fixed acoustic receivers within a coastal embayment (Gaspe Bay, Quebec, Canada) by a boat with a GPS trailing an ultrasonic transmitter. Transmitter positions and speeds were estimated from the receiver data using kernel estimators, with box and normal kernels and the kernel size determined arbitrarily, and by several non-parametric methods, i.e. a kernel estimator, a smoothing spline, and local polynomial regression, with the kernel size or smoothing span determined by cross-validation. Prediction error of the kernel estimator was highly dependent upon kernel size, and a normal kernel produced less error than the box kernel. Of the methods using cross-validation, local polynomial regression produced least error, suggesting it as the optimal method for interpolation. Prediction error was also strongly dependent on array density. The local polynomial regression method was used to determine the movement patterns of a sample of tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt and kelt, and American eel (Anguilla rostrata). Analysis of the estimates from local polynomial regression suggested that this was a suitable method for monitoring patterns of fish movement.
Entry-Deterring Nonlinear Pricing with Bounded Rationality

This paper considers an entry-deterring nonlinear pricing problem faced by an incumbent firm of a network good. The analysis recognizes that the installed user base/network of incumbent monopolist has preemptive power in deterring entry if the entrant’s good is incompatible with the incumbent’s network. This power is, however, dramatically weakened by the bounded rationality of consumers in the sense that it is vulnerable to small pessimistic forecasting error when the marginal cost of entrants falls in some medium range. These findings provide a formal analysis that helps reconcile two seemingly contrasting phenomena: on one hand, it is very difficult for a new, incompatible technology to gain a footing when the product is subject to network externalities; on the other hand, new technologies may frequently escape from inefficient lock-in and supersede the old technologies even in the absence of backward incompatibility. Our results therefore shed light on how the market makes transition between incompatible technology regimes.
Waveguide structures in heavy metal oxide glass written with femtosecond laser pulses above the critical self-focusing threshold

We study the feasibility of femtosecond laser writing of optical waveguides in bulk 35PbO∙35Bi2O3∙15Ga2O3∙15GeO2 glass, motivated by the extended transparency interval of heavy metal oxide glasses in the mid-infrared regime. Its large linear and nonlinear refractive indices cause critical self-focusing to occur even at low laser energies, leading to filamentary propagation and material damage. However, the vicinity of the laser-damaged region shows a considerable increase in the refractive index, which we attribute to a collateral, stress-induced densification due to the high pressures generated in the focal region. These regions of increased refractive index are strongly birefringent and sufficiently large to support efficient light propagation in transversally written structures. Optical waveguides with a refractive index increase ⩾10−3 and minimal mode ellipticity have been obtained.
Current Guidelines in the Management of Upper GI SET

Subepithelial tumors that occur in the gastrointestinal tract include all lesions with smooth prominentia in the inner cavity of gastrointestinal tract and no change in the mucosal surface on endoscopy. They were previously called submucosal tumors and are frequently detected in patients with cancer screening examination. The term “subepithelial tumor” includes lesions in the mucosal layer that grow under the epithelium. Subepithelial tumors are classified into non‐ neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Most lesions are asymptomatic and clinically insignificant. However, carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are malignant or have the potential to become malignant. Even with developed endoscopic facilities and abundant research, subepithelial tumors are still very difficult to diagnose with noninvasive methods, such as endoscopy or endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), before surgery. There are various methods available for histological diagnosis of the tumor, including a bite‐on‐bite biopsy, EUS guided fine‐ needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and submucosal tunneling with endoscopic resection (STER). To find and treat malignant lesions at an early stage, appropriate diagnostic approaches are necessary, depending on the characteristics of the lesions.
Periodic endolithic algal blooms in Montastraea faveolata corals may represent periods of low-level stress

Cores from the scleractinian coral Montastraea faveolata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) sensu weil and Knowlton (1994) from the Mesoamerican Reef possess obvious green bands, sometimes occurring annually, but more often at less frequent intervals. Bands are remnant concentrations of the endolithic green alga Ostreobium spp. that grow parallel to and below the living coral tissue. We dated green bands in 58 M. faveolata cores collected from four sites on the Mesoamerican Reef. We found that the bands are not related to coral skeletal growth reductions, but instead are caused by algal blooms within the coral skeleton. We hypothesize that the blooms occur during periods of coral paling (the partial loss of pigmentation), during which more light penetrates through the translucent coral tissue into the coral skeleton. This hypothesis is supported by observations of discontinuous banding within the skeleton, the patchiness of pigment loss in living corals, and ecological observations of endolithic algal blooms in living bleached corals. At three sites, there was a significant increase in green band occurrence over time, which suggests that coral paling may have increased over the last several decades.
Influence of cellulose polymerization degree and crystallinity on kinetics of cellulose degradation

Cellulose was treated in ethylene glycol with p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate as a catalyst at different temperatures. At the highest treatment temperature (150 °C) liquefaction of wood pulp cellulose was achieved and was dependant on cellulose polymerization degree (DP). Furthermore, the rate of amorphous cellulose weight loss was found to increase with cellulose degree of polymerization, while the rate of crystalline cellulose weight loss was reciprocal to the size of the crystallites. The cellulose degradation was studied by monitoring of the molecular mass decrease by size-exclusion chromatography. It was revealed that microcrystalline cellulose degrades via a ‘quantum mode’ mechanism, while the degradation of Whatman filter paper no 1. and cotton linters proceeded randomly and were partly dependent on the starting polymerization degree, crystallinity, and treatment temperature. The kinetics of cellulose degradation in heterogeneous media was described by means of a one-stage model, characterised by the consumption of glycosidic bonds in amorphous and crystalline cellulose regions until the levelling-off degree of polymerization is reached.
Rainfall downscaling in a space‐time multifractal framework

A space‐time multifractal analysis on radar rainfall sequences selected from the Global Atmospheric Research Program Atlantic Tropical Experiment database is presented. It is shown that space‐time rainfall can be considered with a good approximation to be a self‐similar multifractal process, so that a multifractal analysis can be carried out assuming Taylor's hypothesis to hold for rainfall over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The advection velocity needed to rescale the time dimension is estimated using different tracking techniques. On each selected rainfall sequence, a very good scaling is observed for spatial scales ranging from 4 to 256 km and for timescales from 15 min to 16 hours. A recently developed scale‐covariant multifractal model is then reformulated for numerical simulation of space‐time rainfall fields. The two parameters of the log‐Poisson distribution used as cascade generator within the model are systematically estimated from each selected rainfall sequence, and the dependence of one of these parameters on the large‐scale rain rate is highlighted. The model is then applied to disaggregate large‐scale rainfall, and some comparisons between synthetically downscaled and observed rainfall are discussed.
Do All Femoral Neck Stress Fractures with Effusion on MRI Require Surgical Fixation ?

We commend Steele et al. on their publication. In their article, the authors recommend considering early prophylactic surgical intervention in patients with high-grade femoral neck stress injuries (FNSIs) with a macroscopic fracture line measuring less than 50% of the femoral neck width and an ipsilateral hip effusion at the time of initial screening MRI. We question this recommendation on the basis of contemporary research with a very similar military cohort [1].
A new approach for time-lapse data weighting in electrical resistivity tomography

ABSTRACTApplications of time-lapse inversion of electrical resistivity tomography allow monitoring variations in the subsurface that play a key role in a variety of contexts. The inversion of time-lapse data provides successive images of the subsurface properties showing the medium evolution. Image quality is highly dependent on the data weighting determined from the data error estimates. However, the quantification of errors in the inversion of time-lapse data has not yet been addressed. We have developed a methodology for the quantification of time-lapse data error based on the analysis of the discrepancy between normal and reciprocal readings acquired at different times. We applied the method to field monitoring data sets collected during the injection of heated water in a shallow aquifer. We tested different error models to indicate that the use of an appropriate time-lapse data error estimate yielded significant improvements in terms of imaging. An adapted inversion weighting for time-lapse data impl.
Screening Risk-Averse Agents Under Moral Hazard 1

Principal-agent models of moral hazard have been developed under the assumption that the principal knows the agent's risk-aversion. This paper extends the moral hazard model to the case when the agent's risk-aversion is his private information, so that the model also exhibits adverse selection. We characterize the optimal menu of contracts; while its detailed properties depend on the setting, we show that some of them must hold for all environments. In particular, the power of incentives always decreases with risk-aversion. We also characterize the relationship between the outside option and the optimal contracts. We then apply our results to insurance, managerial incentive pay, and corporate governance.
Fire History and Forest Structure along an Elevational Gradient in the Southern Cascade Range, Oregon, USA

We examined stand structure, demography, and fire history using tree cores and fire scar data across an approximately 7000-hectare study area over an elevational gradient in the southern Cascade Range, Oregon, USA. Our plots were located in mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana [Bong.] Carr), red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Loudon), and mixed conifer forest types. Stand demography from high elevation mountain hemlock forests showed continuous regeneration since the early 1600s and no fire scars present. Red fir forests showed both continuous and episodic regeneration over the past several centuries, providing evidence for a mixed-severity fire regime. Lodgepole pine stands were even-aged with no fire scar evidence and likely established following high severity fire events. Mixed conifer forests were uneven-aged. The majority of trees that we sampled established between 1880 and 1920. Interpretation of our data is limited by a small number of fire scars and relatively small sample size. However, our study highlights the spatial complexity of forest types and concomitant fire regimes on this landscape.ResumenExaminamos la estructura, demografía, e historia del fuego usando datos provenientes del barrenado y cicatrices de fuego en árboles en un área de estudios de aproximadamente 7000 ha sobre un gradiente de elevación en la cordillera Cascade en Oregon, EEUU. Nuestras parcelas estaban ubicadas en bosques de tsuga (Tsuga mertensiana [Bong.], Carr), abeto rojo (Abies magnifica A. Murr.), pino contorta (Pinus contorta Loudon), y otros tipos de bosques de coníferas mixtos. La demografía de los rodales de los bosques altos de tsuga mostró regeneración continua desde principios del año 1600 y no presentaron cicatrices de fuego. Los bosques de abeto rojo mostraron tanto regeneración continua como episódica en las últimas centurias, lo que proveyó de evidencias de un régimen de fuegos de severidad mixta. Los rodales de pino contorta eran todos coetáneos, sin evidencias de cicatrices de fuego y probablemente establecidos luego de eventos de fuego de alta severidad. Los bosques de coníferas mixtos fueron todos disetáneos. La mayoría de los árboles que muestreamos se habían establecido entre 1880 y 1920. La interpretación de nuestros datos está limitada por un bajo número de cicatrices de fuego y un tamaño de muestras relativamente pequeño. Sin embargo, nuestro estudio refleja la complejidad espacial de los tipos forestales y concomitantemente de los regímenes de fuego en este paisaje.
Deciding ike Humans

With the objective of building robots that accompany humans in daily life, it might be favourable that such robots act humanlike so that humans are able to predict their behaviour without effort. Decision making is one crucial aspect of daily life. As Damasio demonstrated, human decisions are often based on emotions. Earlier work thus developed a decision making framework for artificial intelligent systems based on Damasio’s Somatic Marker Hypothesis and revealed that overall, the decisions made by an artificial agent resemble those of human players. This paper enhances this work in so far that a detailed evaluation of the first 30 decisions made by the modelled agent during this gambling task was done by human subjects. Therefore 26 human participants were recruited who had to evaluate different graphical outputs that visualized the course of the Iowa Gambling Task played by either a modelled agent or a human. The results revealed that participants tend to categorize the course of the game as human, even if it was from the modelled agent. Furthermore, the evaluation of the different courses showed that participants were not able to differentiate between modelled and human output, but they were able to differentiate these from random courses of the game.
Self‐Powered Trace Memorization by Conjunction of Contact‐Electrification and Ferroelectricity

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a newly invented technology that can effectively harvest ambient mechanical energy from various motions with promising applications in portable electronics, self‐powered sensor networks, etc. Here, by coupling TENG and a thin film of ferroelectric polymer, a new application is designed for TENG as a self‐powered memory system for recording a mechanical displacement/trace. The output voltage produced by the TENG during motion can polarize the dipole moments in the ferroelectric thin film. Later, by applying a displacement current measurement to detect the polarization density in the ferroelectric film, the motion information of the TENG can be directly read. The sliding TENG and the single‐electrode TENG matrix are both utilized for realizing the memorization of the motion trace in one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional space, respectively. Currently, the ferroelectric thin film with a size of 3.1 mm2 can record a minimum area changing of 30 mm2 and such resolution can still be possibly improved. These results prove that the ferroelectric polymer is an effective memory material to work together with TENG and thereby the fabricated memory system can potentially be used as a self‐powered displacement monitor.
A Hybrid Firefly Algorithm â€“ Ant Colony Optimization for Traveling Salesman Problem

Abstra k . Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan suatu metode baru yaitu hybrid firefly algorithm-ant colony optimization (hybrid FA-ACO) untuk menyelesaikan masalah traveling salesman problem (TSP). ACO memiliki komputasi terdistribusi sehingga dapat mencegah konvergensi dini dan FA memiliki kemampuan konvergensi yang cepat dalam pencarian solusi. Untuk memperbaiki solusi dan mempercepat waktu konvergensi, digunakan metode kombinasi. Pendekatan kombinasi ini meliputi pencarian solusi dengan FA dan pencarian global dengan ACO. Solusi lokal dari FA dinormalisasi dan digunakan untuk menginisialisasi feromon untuk pencarian global ACO. Hasil dari hybrid FA-ACO dibandingkan dengan FA dan ACO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode yang diusulkan dapat menemukan solusi yang lebih baik tanpa terjebak lokal optimum dengan waktu komputasi lebih pendek. K ata kunci : Traveling Salesman Problem, Firefly Algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization, metode hybrid. Â Abstract. In this paper, we develop a novel method hybrid firefly algorithm-ant colony optimization for solving traveling salesman problem. The ACO has distributed computation to avoid premature convergence and the FA has a very great ability to search solutions with a fast speed to converge. To improve the result and convergence time, we used hybrid method. The hybrid approach involves local search by the FA and global search by the ACO. Local solution of FA is normalized and is used to initialize the pheromone for the global solution search using the ACO. The outcome are compared with FA and ACO itself. The experiment showed that the proposed method can find the solution much better without trapped into local optimum with shorter computation time. K eywords: Traveling Salesman Problem, Firefly Algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization, hybrid method.
The rate of cooling of the pulsating white dwarf star G117−B15A: a new asteroseismological inference of the axion mass

ABSTRACT We employ a state-of-the-art asteroseismological model of G117−B15A, the archetypeof the H-rich atmosphere (DA) white dwarf pulsators (also known as DAV or ZZ Cetivariables), and use the most recently measured value of the rate of period changefor the dominant mode of this pulsating star to derive a new constraint on the massof axion, the still conjectural non-barionic particle considered as candidate for darkmatter of the Universe. Assuming that G117−B15A is truly represented by our as-teroseismological model, and in particular, that the period of the dominant mode isassociated to a pulsation g-mode trapped in the H envelope, we ﬁnd strong indicationsof the existence of extra cooling in this star, compatible with emission of axions ofmass m a cos 2 β =17.4 +2.3−2.7 meV.Key words: elementary particles – stars: oscillations – stars: individual: ZZ Cetistars – stars: white dwarfs 1 INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXTAxions are hypothetical weakly interacting particles whoseexistence was proposed about 35 years ago as a solutionto the strong charge-parity problem in quantum chromo-dynamics (Peccei & Quinn 1977; Weinberg 1978; Wilczek1978). They are well-motivated candidates for dark mat-ter of the Universe, and their contribution depends on theirmass (Raﬀelt 2007), a quantity that is not given by the the-ory that predicts their existence. There are two types ofaxion models: the KVSZ model (Kim 1979; Shifman et al.1980), where the axions couple with photons and hadrons,and the DFSZ model (Dine et al. 1981; Zhimitskii 1980),where they also couple to charged leptons like electrons. Inthis paper, we are interested in DFSZ axions, those thatinteract with electrons. The coupling strength of DFSZ ax-ions to electrons is deﬁned through a dimensionless couplingconstant, g