Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-class SVM based remote sensing image classification and its semi-supervised improvement scheme

Support vector machine (SVM), which is based on statistical learning theory (SLT), has shown much better performance than most other existing machine learning methods, which are based on the traditional statistics. The original SVM was developed to solve the dichotomy classification problem. Various approaches have been presented to solve multi-class problems. Using multi-class SVM classifier we have obtained high class rate of 95.4% in remote sensing image classification. However for the class number of remote sensing image is much great, manually obtaining of training samples is a much time-consuming work. Hence, we present a multi-class SVM based semi-supervised approach. We choose the initial cluster centers manually first, then label the samples as the training ones automatically with fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. It is believed that this method upgrades the classification efficiency greatly with practicable class rate.
Identifying children at high somatic risk (α1 antitrypsin deficiency): possible long‐term effects on parents' reproduction, marital status and social class level

ABSTRACT Neonatal identification of children at high somatic risk due to inherited α1 antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) has been found to elicit a negative emotional reaction in a majority of the parents, at least initially. This sub‐study was conducted to determine whether the identification and follow‐up of the children's ATD had negatively influenced the families' reproduction, marital status and social class level (defined by parental occupation) during the 5 years following the identification of the children's ATD. No such negative effects were found in comparing these characteristics among 61 families with a child with ATD versus 183 control families living in the same area and having a child of the same sex and age. Unexpectedly, the ATD‐children's families (fathers) had a significantly higher social class level, raising the question of a possible gene advantage associated with ATD.
Reaching the quantum limit in a fountain clock using a microwave oscillator phase locked to an ultrastable laser

A cesium fountain clock is operated utilizing a microwave oscillator that derives its frequency stability from a stable laser by means of a fiber-laser femtosecond frequency comb. This oscillator is based on the technology developed for optical clocks and replaces the quartz-based microwave oscillator commonly used in fountain clocks. As a result, a significant decrease in the frequency instability of the fountain clock is obtained, reaching $7.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}{[\ensuremath{\tau}\text{ }(\text{s})]}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$. We could demonstrate that for a significant range of detected atom numbers the instability is limited by quantum projection noise only, and that for the current status of this fountain clock the microwave source poses no limit on the achievable frequency instability.
Function of masticatory muscles during the initial phase of activator treatment.

The function of masticatory muscles and the development of the bite force were studied in 15 children before and during the first six months of the treatment of distal occlusion with an activator. Electromyographic recordings of the activity of the anterior and posterior portions of the temporal muscle, the masseter muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle were made bilaterally in the rest position of the mandible and with the activator inserted. Recordings were also made during chewing and swallowing of apple and peanuts and during chewing of chewing gum as well as during maximal bite in the intercuspal position and on the activator. The mean voltage amplitude, the duration and the coordination of the activity were analysed. The maximum bite force was measured at the first molars and at the incisors. In most of the children, the clinical improvement was rapid as evident from a decrease in overjet and in the ANB angle as well as a change in the molar relation. The bite force measured at the incisors increased during the period of treatment. The muscle activity in the rest position was low and was the same with or without the activator. Thus, insertion of the activator did not increase the muscle activity. The activity of the posterior portion of the temporal muscle in the rest position was comparatively high at the start of treatment but decreased during the period of observation. The activity of the masseter and temporal muscles during maximal bite and chewing was influenced by the occlusal instability created during the course of treatment. The decrease of the postural activity of the posterior temporal muscle may reflect an adaptation to a new mandibular position.
Subfoveal serous retinal detachment in patients with uveitic macular edema.

OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical characteristics and effect on visual acuity (VA) of a subfoveal serous retinal detachment (SRD) associated with macular edema (ME) in patients with uveitis. METHODS Clinical and optical coherence tomograph characteristics were retrospectively assessed in 37 patients with uveitic ME with a subfoveal SRD (case individuals) and 61 patients with uveitic ME without a subfoveal SRD (control individuals), matched for uveitis location, sex, and age. Scans of the case and control individuals took place between September 19, 2003, and July 21, 2008. RESULTS Patients with a subfoveal SRD had a shorter history of uveitis (P = .03) and ME (P = .03) and a lower VA (P = .003). Mean total retinal thickness (TRT) in cases exceeded that of controls (449 vs 326 μm; P < .001). The median subfoveal SRD duration was 2 months, and 29 of 36 SRDs (81%) had disappeared at the 3-month follow-up examination. The improvement in VA and the decrease in TRT after 3 months were better in the subfoveal SRD group than in the control group (P = .001 for VA and P = .001 for TRT), resulting in similar VA and TRT after 3 months. CONCLUSIONS A subfoveal SRD was associated with lower VA and developed typically in the early stages of uveitis and ME. The subfoveal SRD and VA reacted favorably to treatment with periocular and systemic steroids and/or oral acetazolamide.
Bioavailability of different methionine sources for broilers from 1 to 21 days old

This trial aimed to evaluate the bioavailability of DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methyl) butanoic acid (DL-HMBA) and a poly-herbal ingredient (PHI) in relation to DL-methionine (DLM) on broilers. A sample of 1100 broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 strain, both male and female, were fed either a basal diet without industrial methionine supplementation or a basal diet that was supplemented with three DL-HMBA levels (0.170, 0.340, and 0.511%) or three DLM levels (0.111, 0.221, and 0.332%) in an amount equivalent to 65% of the respective DL-HMBA levels (on a product weight basis) and three levels of PHI (0.111, 0.221, and 0.332%) in amounts equivalent to the used DLM levels from 1 to 21 days of age. The simultaneous linear regression analysis (slope ratio) revealed a relative bioavailability of DL-HMBA of 39% compared to that of DLM for weight gain and 44% for feed conversion. However, the performance data from birds that were supplemented with PHI did not significantly adjust to simultaneous regression designs; therefore, it was not possible to determine the PHI bioavailability in relation to the DLM. Considering together all of the studied parameters, the relative bioavailability of DL-HMBA was 42% compared to the DLM on a product basis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la biodisponibilidad de DL-2-hidroxi-4- (metil) butanoico (DL-HMB) y de un poli ingrediente herbal (PIE) en relacion con DL-metionina (DLM) en pollos de engorde. 1100 pollos Cobb 500, machos y hembras, fueron alimentados con una dieta basal sin suplementacion de metionina industrial, o una dieta suplementada con tres niveles de DL-HMB (0,170; 0,340; 0,511%), o tres niveles de DLM (0,111; 0,221; 0,332%) en una cantidad equivalente al 65% del nivel de DL-HMB o tres niveles de PIE (0,111; 0,221; 0,332%), en una cantidad equivalente a los niveles de DLM, de 1 a 21 dias de edad. El analisis de regresion lineal simultanea (slope ratio) revelo biodisponibilidad relativa de 39% de DL-HMB, en comparacion con el DLM para aumentar el peso y de 44% para la conversion alimenticia. Sin embargo, los datos de rendimiento de las aves suplementadas con PIE no se ajustaron significativamente a los modelos de regresion simultaneos, por consiguiente, no es posible determinar la biodisponibilidad relativa del PIE a la DLM. Consideran todos los parametros estudiados, la biodisponibilidad relativa de DL-HMB fue del 42% en comparacion con el DLM en la base del producto.
Quantitative apical membrane proteomics reveals vasopressin-induced actin dynamics in collecting duct cells

Significance Vasopressin is a peptide hormone that regulates renal water excretion to maintain whole-body water balance. It does so by regulating trafficking of a molecular water channel, aquaporin-2, to and from the plasma membrane of collecting duct cells. This study uses two state-of-the-art methods (protein mass spectrometry of affinity-isolated apical plasma membrane proteins and live-cell imaging of actin dynamics) to uncover the central role of the actin dynamics in the trafficking of aquaporin-2–containing vesicles. The results coupled with prior data produce a model in which vasopressin signaling triggers actin accumulation near the tight junction and concomitant depletion of actin from the central regions of the apical plasma membrane, thereby providing access of aquaporin-2–containing vesicles to the apical plasma membrane. In kidney collecting duct cells, filamentous actin (F-actin) depolymerization is a critical step in vasopressin-induced trafficking of aquaporin-2 to the apical plasma membrane. However, the molecular components of this response are largely unknown. Using stable isotope-based quantitative protein mass spectrometry and surface biotinylation, we identified 100 proteins that showed significant abundance changes in the apical plasma membrane of mouse cortical collecting duct cells in response to vasopressin. Fourteen of these proteins are involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation, including actin itself, 10 actin-associated proteins, and 3 regulatory proteins. Identified were two integral membrane proteins (Clmn, Nckap1) and one actin-binding protein (Mpp5) that link F-actin to the plasma membrane, five F-actin end-binding proteins (Arpc2, Arpc4, Gsn, Scin, and Capzb) involved in F-actin reorganization, and two actin adaptor proteins (Dbn1, Lasp1) that regulate actin cytoskeleton organization. There were also protease (Capn1), protein kinase (Cdc42bpb), and Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (Arhgef2) that mediate signal-induced F-actin changes. Based on these findings, we devised a live-cell imaging method to observe vasopressin-induced F-actin dynamics in polarized mouse cortical collecting duct cells. In response to vasopressin, F-actin gradually disappeared near the center of the apical plasma membrane while consolidating laterally near the tight junction. This F-actin peripheralization was blocked by calcium ion chelation. Vasopressin-induced apical aquaporin-2 trafficking and forskolin-induced water permeability increase were blocked by F-actin disruption. In conclusion, we identified a vasopressin-regulated actin network potentially responsible for vasopressin-induced apical F-actin dynamics that could explain regulation of apical aquaporin-2 trafficking and water permeability increase.
Gonorrhea incidence forecasting research based on Baidu search data

The popularization of the Internet provide people with more quick and direct access to information channel, the network search data record the netizens' tens of thousands of search concerns and needs to provide the necessary data base for the research of social and economic behavior. Search behaviors' anonymity just can meet the venereal-disease suspected patients' privacy need. This paper will use search data in the prediction of the incidence of gonorrhea, begin from theory analysis to reveal the relationship between the Baidu search keyword search volume and gonorrhea incidence, and then apply quantitative empirical analysis methods, after that dirive four key factors from 206 search data derived using statistics method and the factor analysis method, finally establish the model between gonorrhea incidence and Baidu search data, validate significant correlation between them. The conclusion can provide a certain gonorrhea incidence prediction reference for Chinese Center For Disease Control And Prevention, and the method discussed in this paper also can be used for other network economic behavior prediction and can also provide reference.
Commentary: Dynamics of the Aorta and the Influence on Stent-Graft Sizing

Dynamic imaging techniques that are able to characterize aortic motion during the cardiac cycle are becoming an increasingly important adjunct in the management of patients undergoing endovascular repair of aneurysms or heart valves. This imaging technique is evolving quickly, and its availability is spreading to a rapidly growing number of institutions worldwide. In this issue of JEVT, Pol et al. describe the dynamic changes of the aorta in 18 patients investigated with the use of electrocardiographically-gated computed tomographic angiography (CTA). They reported cardiac-dependent diameter changes at several levels relevant to endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Furthermore, they assessed dynamic length and angle changes of the aorta using commercially available advanced postprocessing software. The importance of heartbeat-dependent changes in aortoiliac configuration should not be underestimated, particularly as they relate to EVAR complications, such as endoleak and stent-graft migration. Some of these sequelae may very well be due to sizing mismatch and lack of insight into the shape and size changes of the vascular anatomy. Other authors have reported aortic distensions at several levels to be statistically significant and clinically relevant because they were clearly larger than the intraand interobserver variability. This is an important finding since this distension may lead to improper stent-graft sizing (usually undersizing) and selection. Furthermore, it complicates stent-graft design since it became clear that stent-grafts have to be capable of withstanding pulsatility for a long time. The main conclusion of the article by Pol et al., however, was that the mean aortic distension in the aneurysm neck was small and within the range of observer variability. The cardiac-dependent distension in the iliac arteries, on the other hand, exceeded observer variability, so distal oversizing of 20% should be considered. We would like to offer several remarks regarding these conclusions because, to some extent, the methodology of this study might account for these observations. The changes in diameter were measured manually in a plane perpendicular to the aorta in all cardiac phases (n510). The observer variability of manual aortic diameter measurements ranges between 2 and 5 mm and may therefore not be precise enough to properly investigate cardiac-dependent diameter changes. A computer-aided semiautomatic measurement would usually bring down this measurement error and thus improve reliability of the findings. Furthermore, only the maximum diameters of several different phases were compared to
Future asymptotics of tilted Bianchi type II cosmologies

In this paper we study the future asymptotics of spatially homogeneous Bianchi type II cosmologies with a tilted perfect fluid with a linear equation of state. By means of Hamiltonian methods we first find a monotone function for a special tilted case, which subsequently allows us to construct a new set of monotone functions for the general tilted type II cosmologies. In the context of a new partially gauge-invariant dynamical system, this then leads to a proof for a theorem that for the first time gives a complete description of the future asymptotic states of the general tilted Bianchi type II models. The generality of our arguments suggests how one can produce monotone functions that are useful for determining the asymptotics of other tilted perfect fluid cosmologies, as well as for other sources.
Deoxycytidine kinase. 3. Kinetics and allosteric regulation of the calf thymus enzyme.

Abstract The kinetic behavior of calf thymus deoxycytidine kinase was studied over a 100-fold variation in deoxycytidine concentration, and several abrupt transitions were observed in slopes of double reciprocal plots, suggesting negative homotropic cooperativity in the binding of this substrate. This is in apparent contrast to the simpler kinetics seen when an alternate substrate, deoxyguanosine, or the substrate analogue, 1-β-d-arabinofuranozylcytosine, was used in place of deoxycytidine. Convex reciprocal plots were also obtained with variable ATP-Mg2- or with an alternative phosphate donor, dTTP-Mg2-, although the latter yielded more marked negative curvature and lower Vmax values. Inhibition by end product, dCTP, was complex, particularly when deoxycytidine was varied over a wide range of concentrations, but below the first transition concentration dCTP plotted as a noncompetitive inhibitor. With variable ATP-Mg2-, dCTP gave the appearance of noncompetitive inhibition at low ATP-Mg2-, but shifted to apparent competitive inhibition against high phosphate donor concentrations. End product inhibition is overcome by dTTP at low deoxycytidine concentrations, but with increased nucleoside concentrations dTTP replaces the dCTP effect with its own highly complex pattern of inhibition. Like dTTP, UDP also stimulates at low nucleoside concentrations and becomes inhibitory as the deoxycytidine concentration is elevated. However, this inhibition can be reversed by dTTP, provided that the ATP-Mg2- concentration is limiting.
Physiological Effects of Boot Weight and Design on Men and Women Firefighters

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two leather (L1, L2) and two rubber (R1, R2) boots on firefighters’ metabolic and respiratory variables during simulated firefighting tasks. Twenty-five men and 25 women, while wearing full turnout clothing, a 10.5-kg backpack, gloves, helmet, and one of four randomly assigned pairs of firefighter boots, walked for 6 min at 3 mph (4.8 km/hr) on a level treadmill while carrying a 9.5-kg hose and climbed a stair ergometer for 6 min at 45 steps per min without the hose. Minute ventilation ( E), absolute and relative oxygen consumption ( and ml.kg.min-1, respectively), CO2 production (), heart rate (HR), and peak inspiratory (PIF) and expiratory (PEF) flow rates were measured, and an average of the breath-by-breath data from minute 6 was used for analysis. During treadmill exercise, a 1-kg increase in boot weight caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in E (9%), (5 – 6%), (8%), and HR (6%) for men, whereas a 1-kg increase caused significant increases in (3 – 4.5%) and (4%) for women. During stair ergometry, a 1-kg increase in boot weight caused significant increases in E(~3%), relative (~2%), (3%), and PIF (~4%) in men and women (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in absolute (~3.5%) in men only. Mean increases in metabolic and respiratory variables per 1-kg increase in boot weight were in the 5 to 12% range observed previously for men during treadmill walking but were considerably smaller for women. Mean increases in oxygen consumption during stair ergometry were statistically significant but were smaller in the current study than previously observed and may not be practically significant. There was no significant effect of boot design in addition to boot weight for either mode of exercise.
GAMES IN JUST MINUTES

Machine learning algorithms for controlling devices will need to learn quickly, with few trials. Such a goal can be attained with concepts borrowed from continental philosophy and formalized using tools from the mathematical theory of categories. Illustrations of this approach are presented on a cyberphysical system: the slot car game, and also on Atari 2600 games.
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema in the adult respiratory distress syndrome

Chest x-rays of 15 patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE). PIE was radiographically detected in 13 (88%) patients, 10 (77%) of whom also had pneumo-thorax. In five of these, pneumothorax occurred within the first 12 h after interstitial emphysema appeared. Pneumomediastinum was less common and occurred in five (39%) patients.The appearance of PIE and its complications, i.e., pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, óccurred over a wide range of mean airway pressures and positive end-expiratory pressures; there was no direct relationship between barotrauma and mean airway pressure or positive end-expiratory pressure. In 12 of the 13 patients all manifestations of barotrauma occurred at or above a peak airway pressure of 40 cm H2O, indicating a threshold level of peak airway pressure which would place the ARDS patient at high risk for developing pulmonary barotrauma. Time on the respirator at peak airway pressures above 40 cm H2O, clinical severity of ARDS, and associated pulmonary pathology (emphysema, bacterial pneumonia) appear to play a role in developing barotrauma.
Effect of excitation conditions on the durability of high standoff electronic components and assemblies under multiaxial vibration excitation

Electronic assemblies often experience multiaxial vibration environments in use and tall, heavy components are more vulnerable under such loading than are short, light components. The added vulnerability comes from higher response due to nonlinear dynamic amplification of the response under simultaneous multiaxial excitation, termed multi degree of freedom (MDoF) excitation. This paper investigates the geometric nonlinearities and the resulting cross-axis interactions that tall and heavy electronic components experience when subjected to vibration excitation simultaneously along two orthogonal axes. Multiaxial vibration experiments were conducted on tip-loaded cantilever beams to explore the nonlinear vibration response of tall, heavy electronic components. Harmonic base-excitation was simultaneously applied in two orthogonal axes (with a different frequency in each axis), and the phase “difference” between these two harmonic signals was parametrically varied to see the effect on the response amplitude. Based on prior studies, the frequency of the transverse excitation was selected to be the fundamental natural frequency of the cantilever beam and that of the axial direction was selected to be twice as large to maximize the cross-axis interaction. Phase is seen to have a very significant effect on the nonlinear amplification of the response. Nonlinear finite element simulations were conducted to verify and explain the experimental observations.
Cholesterol content in market hen eggs.

The yolk cholesterol content in eggs of White Hisex laying hybrid from 3 specialized commercial farms averaged 1230, 1330 and 1230 mg/100 g of yolk over an 11-months laying period, i.e. 303, 304 and 309 mg cholesterol/100 g of consumable egg portions. In testing Babcock B-380, Moravia SSL, Shaver Starcross 288, and Hisex HX-1, the av. cholesterol content varied from 1200 to 1360 mg/100 g of yolk or from 372 to 444 mg/100 g of consumable egg portions. Throughout the egg-laying period, the yolk cholesterol content fluctuated rather irregularly and showed great variability (variation coefficient 9.7-18.2%). The values recorded failed to follow any of the common functions of the trend. Intensive market egg production was found to be associated with decreases in yolk cholesterol content.