Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Pre-Service Teachers' Attitudes towards Individuals with Mental Illness through an Introduction to Special Education Course

﻿Mental illness in children and adults continues to be a controversial and misunderstood topic. Previous research has examined different populations' attitudes toward mental illness, and efforts to change community attitudes toward individuals with mental illness have included contact with the mentally ill and education programs. However, little research has examined teachers’ attitudes toward the mentally ill, nor programs for positively impacting those beliefs. The purpose of the present study was to first assess preservice teachers’ beliefs toward individuals with mental illness and to determine if the completion of an undergraduate Introduction to Special Education course could positively impact their attitudes toward individuals with mental illness. Participants included students attending three different institutions of higher education who were divided into three groups: general education majors, special education majors, and education minors. Results indicated that significant differences were obtained for all institutions and groups among their pre-test and post-test scores on the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill scale (CAMI). Implications for practice and future research are presented.
Factors affecting teachers’ student-centered classroom computer use

The present study aims at investigating which factors are relevant to induce teachers’ student-centered classroom computer use. Survey data were collected from 361 teachers at comprehensive schools. Based on a systemic view of technology use in schools, different individual teacher characteristics and school contextual factors were examined. Results from a four-step hierarchical regression reveal that student-centered classroom computer use could be significantly predicted by certain contextual factors: the type of school (secondary modern and high school), the existence of an ICT school policy plan, as well as by the individual teacher characteristics of belief in constructivist pedagogy and their frequency of classroom computer use. The final regression model accounted for approximately 31% of the variance in the outcome measure for these factors.
Selenium uptake and distribution in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) grown in an aeroponic system

Cultivated plants generally are a poor source of dietary selenium (< 0.1 mg/kg wet weight). In this work the influence of sodium selenate on selenium distribution in the chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) cultivars ‘Anivip’ and ‘Monivip’ was studied in an aeroponic system in a greenhouse. The plants roots were moistened every fifteen minutes with a Resh nutrient solution with added selenium (10 mg L-1) in the form of sodium selenate. The content of total selenium in chicory roots and leaves was studied after different periods of time and different temperatures of exposure to the selenium enriched nutrient solution. In two separate experiments chicory was treated with selenium enriched nutrient solution for 40 days at 10 ºC in the slow growing phase, and for 5, 7 and 10 days at 20 ºC in the developmental phase at the beginning of formation of the flower stem. The concentration in leaves increased with time during plant growth, and in Se treated groups was 370 and 139 mg kg-1 in ‘Anivip’ and 460 and 205 mg kg-1 in ‘Monivip’ leaves after 40 and 10 days of exposure, respectively. A smaller increase in selenium content was obtained in roots, namely to 73 and 46 mg kg-1 in ‘Anivip’ roots and to 87 and 46 mg kg-1 in ‘Monivip’ roots after 40 and 10 days of exposure, respectively. All results are expressed on a lyophilised matter basis. In long and short term treatment, the selenium content in ‘Monivip’ cultivar was higher than in ‘Anivip’. No visible toxic effects on the chicory plants were observed.
An Empirical Invistigation of Determinants Associated with Audit Report Lag in Jordan

This paper examines whether external auditor's reliance on the work of internal audit function and audit committee's characteristics are associated with audit report lag. We posit that an effective audit committee and more reliance on the work of client's internal auditor reduce external audit efforts, thus reducing audit report lag. Data was obtained from 87 survey respondents (external auditors) of listed companies in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) in Jordan and annual reports of the respective firms for the year 2009. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis show that, an active audit committee (more frequent meetings) and a high percentage of reliance on the work of internal audit function by the external auditors are associated with shorter audit report lag. The results of this study would offer important implications to accounting and auditing policy makers, ASE, external auditors and Jordanian public companies.
Assignment1 of the murine Ki-67 gene (Mki67) to chromosome band 7F3–F5 by in situ hybridization

The human Ki-67 antigen is expressed in proliferating cells of all tissues. The prototype monoclonal antibody Ki-67 as well as related antibodies (MIB-family) against the Ki-67 protein are routinely used in tumor diagnostics (Gerdes, 1990; Hall, 1992). Human chromosome bands 10q25→qter, the location of the human Ki-67 gene (Fonatsch et al., 1991), harbor a region of conserved synteny with mouse chromosome 7, including six genes whose mouse homologs have been mapped genetically (MGD, March 1998). Cytogenetic mapping of two genes, Adam8 (Kataoka et al., 1997) and Mki67 (this report), places this region near to the end of the mouse chromosome. Between this location and the telomere, a genetically mapped segment of at least 10 cM with homology to human chromosome 11 (MGD, March 1998) is squeezed in.
Fatigue and its association with sleep disorders, depressive symptoms and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aetiopathogenesis of fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) is not clear. It could be associated with structural changes of the central nervous system, but also with mood and sleep disorders. The purpose of the study was to evaluate frequency of fatigue and its association with sleep and mood disorders in MS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The examined group consisted of 122 MS patients (mean age 37.7 ± 10.8 years). The following questionnaires were used: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS Fatigue was present in 75 MS patients (61.5%). Excessive daytime sleepiness was observed in 25 (20.5%), insomnia in 73 patients (59.8%). According to MADRS, depressive symptoms were present in 33 (27%), according to HADS in 15 people (12.3%). Anxiety was present in 32 patients (26.2%). We observed an association between fatigue (FSS) and sleep disorders (ESS, AIS) and also between fatigue and either depression (MADRS, HADS-D) or anxiety (HADS-A). The FSS score was not associated with age, sex, disease course and duration, Expanded Disability Status Stage (EDSS), treatment or level of education in MS patients. In inactive professionally people we noted significantly higher FSS scores (44.8 ± 13.8) in comparison with active individuals (37.2 ± 14.9; p = 0.0053). CONCLUSIONS Fatigue is a very common symptom in MS, sometimes associated with sleep disorders, depressive symptoms or anxiety. The treatable causes of fatigue in MS such as sleep and mood disturbances should be identified and treated.
Distribution Intensity and New Car Choice

The authors develop a new method to assess how changes in the intensity of mature distribution networks—specifically, those in the U.S. automotive industry—might affect consumer choice. They capture distribution intensity by car make (e.g., Honda, Toyota) at the disaggregate level using the exact geographic locations of individual buyers and new car dealers. They develop three buyer-centric measures for the intensity level of each competing make from this information: (1) dealer accessibility (the buyer's distance to the nearest outlet for each make), (2) dealer concentration (the extent to which multiple dealers for each make are located near a given buyer), and (3) dealer spread (the dispersion of the multiple dealers for each make relative to the buyer's location). The authors propose a logit choice model, estimated with Bayesian methods, to study the association of these measures with new car choices. They apply the model to buyer records in the midsize premium sedan category, drawn from an anonymous sample provided by the Power Information Network. All three buyer-centric measures of intensity were significantly related to new car choice. Buyers were more likely to select cars whose dealer networks had shorter distances to the closest outlet (accessibility), more dealers within a given radius from the buyer (concentration), and locations that skewed toward the buyer (spread). Based on the modeling results, the market share elasticity of distribution intensity averages approximately . 6 across the new car models included in the study. The approach should help firms evaluate the potential effects of expanding or contracting distribution networks for mature products.
Services operations management and humanitarian logistics

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the nature of service operations management and its application to the field of humanitarian logistics. The purpose of this paper is to assess developments in the humanitarian logistics (HUMLOG) literature over the last six years and to lay out some opportunities for the HUMLOG academic community in the area of services operations management.Design/methodology/approach – A systematic, quantitative review, consistent with suggestions that the methodological rigor of reviews of the management literature should be strengthened, was undertaken.Findings – The paper suggests that there is an opportunity for HUMLOG academics to engage in the service operations management arena and apply their knowledge and skills to answer fundamental questions in the areas of servitisation, service developments, service standardisation, and the role of humanitarian aid (HA) organisations as logistics service providers and to apply their expertise in business services.Research limitations/imp.
Physiology and cytological chemistry blue-green algae.

INTRODUCTION . 33 CYTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY . 33 Outer Layers . 33 Side walls . 33 End walls; division . 34 Mucilage/sheath . 36 Membranes . 36 Plasmalemma . 36 Photosynthetic lamellae (thylakoids) . 37 Pigments, lipids, and elements of electron transport chains.38 Gas vacuoles (pseudovacuoles) . 41 Other Intracellular Components . 42 DNA . 42 Ribosomes and RNA . 43 Glycogen granules (a-granules) . 43 Cyanophycin granules (structured granules) . 44 Phosphate granules (volutin, metachromatin) . 45 Poly-,-hydroxybutyrate granules . 45 Polyhedral bodies. 45 Lipid deposits . 46 Phycobilisomes and biliprotein pigments . 46 Other inclusions . 49 Overall Chemical Composition . 49 PHYSIOLOGY . 50 Photosynthetic Light Reactions . 50 Intact cells . 50 Cell-free systems . 51 Carbon Metabolism . 53 Pathways of CO2 fixation and carbohydrate breakdown . 53 Acetate metabolism . 54 Respiration . 55 Intact cells . 55 NADH and NADPH (etc.) oxidation . 55 Interactions with photosynthesis . 55 Nitrogen Metabolism . 56 Nitrogen (N2) fixation . 57 Reduction of nitrate and nitrite . 57 Incorporation of ammonia . 57 Amino acid metabolism . 58 Nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis . 58 Sulfur Metabolism . 58 Genetics . 58 Cyanophage . 59 Movement . 60 Mechanism . 60 Movement in the dark; effects of nonphotic parameters . 61 Effects of light on movement: changed speed of movement . 61 Orientation relative to the direction of light . 61 Response to a gradient of intensity . 62 Culture 62 Inorganic nutrition. 6
Omega-3 prevents myelin degeneration in rat foetuses exposed to radiation

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of antioxidant omega-3 fatty acid (FA) on demyelinisation and degeneration of nerves in central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS) of rat foetuses. 38 pregnant rats weighing 140–155 g were used. Rats were divided into five groups. Group 1: 7 rats exposed to radiation treatment (RT) for 1 hour/day only; Group 2: 7 rats exposed to RT + Omega-3 FA (p.o.) for 1 hour/day; Group 3: 7 rats exposed to RT for 4 hours/day; Group 4: 7 rats exposed to RT + Omega-3 FA (p.o.) for 4 hours/day; and Group 5: 10 rats with no treatment. Nerve injury was induced by whole-body exposure to 20-μT magnetic field. Omega-3 FA was given orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg. After 18 days, foetuses were delivered by the milking method; CNS and PNS were taken out for pathological examination. The degeneration scores of Group 2 were significantly lower than those of Group 1, whereas the degeneration scores of Group 4 were significantly higher than those of Groups 1 and 3. In conclusion, radiation increases demyelinisation and degeneration of nerves in the rat foetuses’ CNS and PNS. Omega-3 FA prevents myelin and nerve degeneration in rat foetuses in low-dose radiation exposure.
Explaining Access to Credit by Rural Households: Results based on a Study of Several States in India

Against the backdrop of evolution of rural credit system in India as well as its observed failure to be inclusive in character, this paper makes use of a fairly large data set of the Center for Mangement in Agriculture in Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad to try to explain several hitherto unaddressed issues – why certain rural households fail to have any access to credit from any source, and especially from the much-publicized and much-pampeered formal source, and even from the emerging MFIs. Three probit models are used to explain this phenomenon in terms of village and household characteristics of the sample households. The paper highlights the need for strengthening rural infrastructure, which is often found to stand in complementary relation with credit demand and credit access. Emphasis is also laid on strengthening of semi-formal souces of credit known as micro-finance, which seem to follow a market logic rather than strict regulatory approach of formal banking system, and doesn’t always favor large borrowers and large projects, in spite of apparent economies of scale of such projects. Familiarity to powerful rural personnel seem to be playing a dubious role in influencing credit demand and credit access – a matter which needs to be addressed revamping of development policy administration in the countryside.
Impact of Technology on the Banking Sector

Managing the business processes that facilitate order fulfillment and delivery of goods and services supplied to customers is the prime concern of operations management. Consequently, the study of the processes of order fulfillment and delivery in the Internet era necessitates an understanding of the interaction between operations management and information systems (Lyons, 1998). Despite the growing importance of e-commerce to organizations of all types, e-operations is a neglected area of study.
FoxM1 is up‐regulated in gastric cancer and its inhibition leads to cellular senescence, partially dependent on p27kip1

The FoxM1 transcription factor, a master regulator of mitotic gene expression, promotes the pathogenesis of several malignancies. However, little is known about its expression and function in gastric cancer. In the present study we determined whether FoxM1 is over‐expressed in gastric cancer, and whether it is required to maintain an immortal phenotype of gastric cancer cells. The over‐expression of FoxM1 was observed in 37/42 tumour specimens from patients with gastric cancer. When FoxM1 in gastric cancer cells was knocked‐down, impaired clonogenicity and cellular senescence occurred independently of p53 and p16 status. FoxM1 depletion led to the down‐regulation of its target genes c‐MYC and Skp2, coupled with the accumulation of the CDK inhibitor p27kip1. Importantly, the FoxM1 inhibition‐mediated cellular senescence and clonogenic defect was attenuated by the abolition of p27kip1 induction. Telomerase reverse transcriptase, the key component of telomerase essential for cellular immortalization, was also inhibited in the FoxM1‐depleted cells. Taken together, the FoxM1 gene is aberrantly activated in gastric cancer and its inhibition triggers p53‐ and p16‐independent senescence of cancer cells by regulating the expression of p27kip1 and other targets. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of FoxM1 in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, which may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications in gastric cancer. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 2001 serological survey in the Czech Republic--viral hepatitis.

Within serological surveys 2001, prevalence of markers of hepatitis viruses A (anti-HAV), B (anti-HBc, HBsAg, anti-HBs) and for the first time also C (anti-HCV) was investigated. Sera were collected in 2001 and tested by respective kits AxSYM, Abbott. HAV: 2,623 sera were tested for the presence of anti-HAV antibodies. Comparison with serological surveys of 1984 and 1996 revealed again shifts of the age prevalence curve for anti-HAV antibodies towards higher age groups corresponding to time intervals between epidemiological surveys. High prevalence rates of anti-HAV antibodies (more than 20%) were only found for the population age groups who lived in the period of high incidence of VHA, i.e. up to 1965. The prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies increased by about 5-10% in the population under 20 years of age, the increase being significant and assumingly attributable to vaccination against VHA, and remained the same as in 1996 in the age group 20-29 years. HBV: 2,568 sera were tested for the presence of anti-HBc antibodies and 76 reactive specimens were further tested for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs antibodies. The prevalence of anti-HBc antibodies continuously increases with age. The total prevalence of anti-HBc antibodies calculated for the Czech population is 5.59% compared to 6.95% recorded in 1996. The calculated prevalence rate of HBsAg is 0.56% and that of anti-HBs antibodies is 3.99% for the non-vaccinee population. HCV: The prevalence rate of anti-HCV antibodies was 0.2% with 6 out of 2,950 sera testing positive. Age dependence could not be assessed because of the small number of positive persons. HCV infection is known to afflict high-risk groups, likely to escape a general serological survey, rather than the normal population.
Extended-Range Spectroscopic pH Measurement Using Optimized Mixtures of Dyes

The spectroscopic technique for pH measurement is a well-established laboratory technique that can give high-accuracy pH values. Recent studies have shown the advantage of this technique over standard potentiometric methods for pH measurements in fresh water and seawater and also at high temperatures and pressures. However, a limitation of the spectroscopic technique is that a single pH dye is sensitive only over a narrow pH range. We have developed optimized dye mixtures that are both sensitive and accurate over a broad pH range. The measurement is robust and simple, requires a minimum of two wavelengths, and is independent of the volume of the dye mixture added. Optimization of the dye mixture formulation to maximize accuracy in a broad range of pH involves varying both the dye type and its mole fraction and also accounting for spectral noise. This technique has been successfully applied for in situ pH measurements of oilfield formation waters.
Multiparticle production and thermalization in high-energy QCD

We argue that multiparticle production in high energy hadron and nuclear collisions can be considered as proceeding through the production of gluons in the background classical field. In this approach we derive the gluon spectrum immediately after the collision and find that at high energies it is parametrically enhanced by ln(1/x) with respect to the quasiclassical result (x is the Bjorken variable). We show that the produced gluon spectrum becomes thermal (in three dimensions) with an effective temperature determined by the saturation momentum Q{sub s},T=cQ{sub s}/2{pi} during the time {approx}1/T; we estimate c={radical}(2{pi})/2{approx_equal}1.2. Although this result by itself does not imply that the gluon spectrum will remain thermal at later times, it has an interesting applications to heavy ion collisions. In particular, we discuss the possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation of the produced gluon pairs and estimate the viscosity of the produced gluon system.
Incidence and subtypes of dementia in southern Taiwan Impact of socio‐demographic factors

Objective To determine the incidence rate (IR) and subtypes of dementia in southern Taiwan. Methods From a cohort of 2,915 community inhabitants aged 65 years and over, 2,507 and 2,175 subjects participated in the first- and second-year follow-up surveys, respectively. A two-phase study used the Mini-Mental State Examination in phase I and the Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery and the neurobehavioral examination in phase II. We applied International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10NA criteria for dementia, National Institute of Neurological and Communication Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) guidelines for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Association Internationale pour la Recherche et I'Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS-AIREN) criteria for vascular dementia (VaD). Results The annual IR for total dementia was 1.28%, which increased with age from 0.77% for 65- to 74-year-olds to 6.19% for persons aged 85 years or older. AD (25 cases, 41.7%, IR = 0.54%) was the most common cause of dementia, followed by VaD (19 cases, 31.7%, IR = 0.41%) and mixed dementia (9 cases, 15.0%). After adjusting for sex, increasing age was significantly associated with total dementia and AD (p < 0.01). Illiteracy was associated with a marginally increased risk for total dementia (aRR = 1.59, p < 0.1) as was being female for AD (aRR = 1.92, p < 0.1). The 2-year mortality rate was high among the demented (48% in total dementia, 38% in AD, and 60% in VaD). Conclusions The age-specific incidence of dementia in Taiwan is approaching that of developed countries and the low prevalence of dementia (especially VaD) may be mainly due to the high mortality. Age was the major risk factor for total dementia and AD. Being female was probably a risk factor for AD, as was illiteracy for total dementia.
Localization of tonal stimuli in the vertical plane.

Listeners, when requested to judge the location of tone bursts on the vertical plane, tended to place the stimuli on a vertical scale in accordance with their respective pitch. Higher‐pitched sounds were perceived as originating above lower‐pitched sounds. This phenomenon was also observed in congenitally blind persons and in young children who presumably were unaware of the use of the words high and low in describing differently pitched sounds. In additional tests, visual cues were found to influence the range of the scale within which listeners perceived the sound sources and they could even bias the location judgments of high‐pitched tone bursts despite contrary binaural cues. But the main implication of the data is that tonal stimuli have intrinsic spatial characteristics, which result in the perception of frequencies with shorter periods as being higher in space than those with longer periods.