Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Design Directions for Wearable Privacy

We explore how privacy preferences can be communicated towards disruptive cameras in privacy-sensitive spaces such as public beaches, where users are constrained in what technology they can carry and use. In order to get an informed consent between photographers and bystanders, we designed three conceptual privacy-mediating technologies: a smartphone app, a privacy-bracelet and a clothing-based approach. We then conducted 20 qualitative interviews to study peoples’ privacy feelings towards disruptive cameras at a beach and in a cafe and their attitudes towards our approaches. We found that there is high demand for such tools irrespective of location and that a dedicated privacy device was preferred by most of the participants.
Intradermal influenza vaccination--can less be more?

The current shortfall in anticipated doses of vaccine for the upcoming influenza season1 makes the reports by Belshe et al.2 and Kenney et al.3 in this issue of the Journal particularly timely. These studies raise the possibility of using alternative routes of immunization (e.g., intradermal, as opposed to intramuscular, administration) with smaller doses of vaccine as a means of “stretching” available doses of influenza vaccine in times of shortages. In addition, the studies indirectly raise provocative issues regarding the potential effect of these alternative routes of immunization in targeting specialized cells of the immune system to enhance the immunogenicity of .
Fatty acids in decomposing mangrove leaves : microbial activity, decay and nutritional quality

Changes in lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition in decomposing mangrove leaves of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and Kandelia candel (L.) were investigated in a subtrop- ical mangrove forest on Okinawa Island, Japan (26.5°N, 128°E) by field experiments for 18 wk (July to November 2000), using yellow senescent leaves, and compared with FAs in the green leaves and mangrove sediments. We tested the hypothesis that changes in FA composition during decomposition can indicate the state of leaf decay and periods of high and low microbial activity, and that bacteria may rapidly degrade polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). During decay, FA composition in the yel- low leaves changed in 2 wk from predominantly saturated FAs to monounsaturated FAs, and to the more branched FAs typical of bacteria, and lipid and N increased due to microbial colonization. How- ever, the microbial decomposition of leaves did not alter the concentrations of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), suggesting that these vascular plant-markers remain unchanged in mangrove detritus and surface sediments for more than 4 mo. Furthermore, bacteria did not degrade PUFAs as we had hypothesized, indicating that during decomposition of mangrove leaves, bacteria tend to conserve PUFAs (as they do nitrogen), thus enriching the detritus with nutrients. Comparison of ω3 and ω6 PUFAs between the 2 species showed that nutritional quality varies greatly with the state of the leaf material, increasing through time in B. gymnorrhiza and decreasing through time in K. candel.
The ACCESS Framework : reinforcement learning for accessibility and cognitive support for older adults

This dissertation focuses on the ACCESS Framework which is an open source software framework designed to address four issues with regards to older and novice users with accessibility needs – that they often do not know what support is available within their systems, that they often do not know how to change those settings they know exist, that they often lack the confidence to make the changes they know how to make, and are often unable to physically enable accessibility support. The software discussed in this dissertation serves as a bridge between what users are expected to know and what they actually know by assuming the responsibility for identifying user accessibility requirements and making those changes on the user‟s behalf. User interaction with the framework is limited to either expressing approval or disapproval with regards to corrective action. Individual corrections are deployed as plug-ins within this tool. Four studies were conducted during this research. Three of these studies were aimed at evaluating the ACCESS Framework directly with the remaining study being an exploration of a cognitive support tool deployed using the framework. Two of these studies involved participants attempting to perform specific, well-defined tasks on systems that had been configured to the extremes of what was possible with operating system settings. These tasks were attempted with and without the support of the framework. The final study was a focus group in which issues of the framework were discussed by individuals who had been through the experimental trials. The research provided strong evidence that this is an effective mechanism for accessibility configuration when there is a strong match between identified accessibility needs and available operating system support. The system was seen as understandable, useful and appropriate by participants, with a majority stating that they would be willing to use a similar system on their own machines.
Laser therapy for twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)

Monochorionic twins are subjected to specific complications which originate in either imbalance or abnormality of the single placenta serving two twins including twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome. The diagnosis is well established in overt clinical forms with the association of polyuric polyhydramnios and oliguric oligohydramnios. The best treatment of cases presenting before 26 weeks of gestion is fetoscopic laser ablation of the intertwin anastomoses on the chorionic plate. Although subjected to subtle variations, the core technique follows robust guidelines which could help understanding and acquiring the required skills and experience to perform this procedure. However appropriate and tailored hands‐on training and appropriate perinatal set‐up are critical not only for surgical management but also for the follow‐up and management of related complications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of DNA repair protein expression and activities between human fibroblast cell lines with different radiosensitivities

In order to investigate the molecular basis of variation in response to ionising radiation (IR) in radiotherapy patients, we have studied the expression of several genes involved in DNA double‐strand break repair pathways in fibroblast cell lines. Ten lines were established from skin biopsies of cancer patients with different normal‐tissue reactions to IR, and 3 from a control individual. For all 10 test cell lines, the cellular radiosensitivity was also known. Using Western blots we measured, in non‐irradiated cells, the basal expression levels of ATM, Rad1 and Hus1, involved in the control of cellular DNA damage checkpoints, together with DNA‐PKcs, Ku70, Ku80; XRCC4, ligaseIV and Rad51, involved in radiation‐ induced DSB repair. We also analysed the in vitro enzymatic activities, under non‐irradiated conditions, of the DNA‐PK and XRCC4/ligaseIV complexes. The levels of expression of the different proteins were similar in all the cell lines, but the activities of the DNA‐PK and XRCC4/ligaseIV complexes showed some differences. These differences did not correlate with either the normal tissue response of the patient in vivo or with cellular radiation sensitivity in vitro. The activity differences of these enzyme complexes, therefore, do not account for the variation of responses seen between patients. Int. J. Cancer 85:845–849, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is the Current Focus of the Global Physical Activity Recommendations for Youth Appropriate in All Settings?

Richards (justin.richards@sydney.edu.au) is with the Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney. Doherty and Foster are with the British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Dept of Population Health, University of Oxford. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2015, 12, 901 -903 http://dx.doi. org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0406 © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.
Simplified preparation of a refined milk formula comparable to rat's milk: influence of the formula on development of the gut and brain in artificially reared rat pups.

BACKGROUND Milk formulas for artificially reared (AR) rat pups are mostly based on complex cow's milk products, prepared by laborious and time-consuming processes. The aim of this study was to develop a simplified procedure for preparing a refined formula and to examine its influences on gut and brain development. METHODS The formula comprised a combination of purified cow's casein and whey proteins, five kinds of edible oil, minerals, and vitamins. Detailed analyses showed that the composition of macro- and micro-nutrients, osmolarity, and pH of the new formula closely resembled those of rat's milk. Rat pups, each with an intragastric cannula implanted at age 5 days, were artificially reared for the following 10-15 days. RESULTS The body weight gain of AR pups matched that of mother-reared (MR) pups. Histoplanimetrical analyses showed that the small intestine in AR pups was more developed in relation to area of a transverse section, number and length of villi, and thickness of tunica muscularis than that of MR pups. Fat components in the formula influenced the fatty acid composition and the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio in the small intestinal microvillus membrane (MVM) of AR pups, but not the MVM fluidity. Brain weight was not significantly different between the two groups at age 15-20 days. CONCLUSION This formula is useful for artificial rearing of rats and for identifying dietary components contributing to metabolic adaptation during the suckling period.
Cancer risk in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a population‐based study in Sweden

Increased risks of certain cancers have been observed in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, data on other cancer sites/types are lacking. We analyzed systematically the risk of developing 35 common cancers in patients with HCV infection using a nationwide Swedish database. Patients with HCV infection were identified from the Swedish Hospital Inpatient and Outpatient Register and Primary Health Care Database, and followed until the diagnosis of cancer. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for subsequent 35 common cancer sites/types between 1990 and 2010 in patients with HCV infection in Sweden. Increased risks were recorded for six cancers. The highest SIR was seen for liver cancer (36.67; 95% CI: 33.20–40.40). The decreased risk was for prostate cancer (0.73; 95% CI: 0.59–0.90) and melanoma (0.50; 95% CI: 0.30–0.79). A significant sex‐difference for cancer was observed only for liver cancer (40.72; 95% CI: 36.36–45.45 for men and 27.21; 95% CI: 21.90–33.41 for women). Also, increased SIRs were noted only for liver cancer during the entire period of follow‐up. HCV infection was associated with an increased incidence of liver cancer and additionally five other types of cancer. Active surveillance of other cancers may be needed in order to be diagnosed at an earlier stage.
How Customer Referral Programs Turn Social Capital into Economic Capital

Customers acquired through a referral program have been observed to exhibit higher margins and lower churn than customers acquired through other means. Theory suggests two likely mechanisms for this phenomenon: (1) better matching between referred customers and the firm and (2) social enrichment by the referrer. The present study is the first to provide evidence of these two mechanisms in a customer referral program. Consistent with the theory that better matching affects contribution margins, (1) referrer–referral dyads exhibit shared unobservables in customer contribution margins, (2) referrers with more extensive experience bring in higher-margin referrals, and (3) this association between the referrer's experience and margin gap becomes smaller over the referral's lifetime. Consistent with the theory that social enrichment affects retention, referrals exhibit lower churn only as long as their referrer has not churned. These findings indicate that better matching and social enrichment are two mechanisms through which firms can leverage their customers' networks to gain new customers with higher customer lifetime value and convert social capital into economic capital. One recommendation for the managers of the firm studied is to recruit referrers among their customers who have been acquired at least six months ago, exhibit high margins, and are unlikely to churn.
Physical activity levels among breast cancer survivors.

INTRODUCTION Obesity and weight gain are negative prognostic factors for breast cancer survival. Physical activity (PA) prevents weight gain and may decrease obesity. Little information exists on PA levels among cancer survivors. We assessed PA, including the proportion of breast cancer survivors engaging in recommended levels, by categories of adiposity, age, disease stage, and ethnicity in 806 women with stage 0-IIIA breast cancer participating in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study. METHODS Black, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic breast cancer survivors were recruited into the study through Surveillance Epidemiology End Results registries in New Mexico, Western Washington, and Los Angeles County, CA. Types of sports and household activities and their frequency and duration within the third yr after diagnosis were assessed during an in-person interview. RESULTS Thirty-two percent of breast cancer survivors participated in recommended levels of PA defined as 150 min x wk(-1) of moderate- to vigorous-intensity sports/recreational PA. When moderate-intensity household and gardening activities were included in the definition, 73% met the recommended level of PA. Fewer obese breast cancer survivors met the recommendation than overweight and lean breast cancer survivors (P < 0.05). Fewer black breast cancer survivors met the recommendation compared with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic breast cancer survivors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Most of the breast cancer survivors were not meeting the PA recommendations proposed for the general adult population. Efforts to encourage and facilitate PA among these women would be an important tool to decrease obesity, prevent postdiagnosis weight gain, and improve breast cancer prognosis.
Empirical propagation performance evaluation of LoRa for indoor environment

Wireless sensors are increasingly being used for smart Buildings. LoRa is a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology. Its CSS modulation provides wide bandwidth, increased processing gain and higher receiver sensitivity. Propagation analysis of this long-range low power wireless platform is essential to make it a prevailing technology of choice for IoT. This paper empirically evaluates the indoor propagation performance of LoRa. The practical measurements were critically analyzed against four propagation models; ITU site generic, log-distance, multi-wall and 3D ray tracing. Data was collected in the Hanover building at Glasgow Caledonian University using the LoRa transceivers. The aims of this research were (1) to assess the indoor propagation performance of LoRa technology and (2) to identify the model that best describes the indoor propagation of LoRa. The study concluded that multi-wall has the best overall performance amongst the models. This research work will facilitate the link budget design, network implementation and coverage diagnosis in similar indoor scenarios.
The periapical index: a scoring system for radiographic assessment of apical periodontitis.

Abstract A scoring system for registration of apical periodontitis in radiographs is presented. The system is termed the periapical index (PAI) and provides an ordinal scale of 5 scores ranging from 1 (healthy) to 5 (severe periodontitis with exacerbating features). Its validity is based on the use of reference radiographs of teeth with verified histological diagnoses. Results from studies involving 11 observers and 47 selected radiographs document that the PAI system is reasonably accurate, reproducible and able to discriminate between sub-populations. It may also allow for results from different researchers to be compared. The system may be suitable for the analysis of periapical radiographs in epidemiological studies, in clinical trials and in retrospective analyses of treatment results in endodontics.
What triggers young Millennials to purchase eco-friendly products?: the interrelationships among knowledge, perceived consumer effectiveness, and environmental concern

Abstract As the attention to environmental sustainability heightens, marketers increasingly claim that their products help preserve the environment. Without proper understanding of how emerging target markets, such as young Millennials, are triggered to purchase green claims, their efforts may be futile. Accordingly, the current study examined the interrelationships among major environmental antecedents, such as environmental knowledge (EK), perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), and environmental concern (EC) on environmentally conscious consumer behaviour (ECCB). The results of an online survey with younger Millennials revealed that EK and EC were significant predictors of ECCB, with EC being the stronger predictor. Unlike past literature, PCE was not directly related to ECCB. The study also found a strong mediating role of EC between EK and ECCB, as well as PCE and ECCB. Implications for green marketers are discussed, along with theoretical discussion.
Clonal origin of chronic myelocytic leukemia in man.

Knowledge of whether a tumor is unicellular or multicellular in origin may provide important insight into its pathogenesis. Information relevant to this point can be obtained by studying neoplasms arising in individuals with two or more genetically different cell populations, such as females heterozygous for the X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) locus. In these subjects, a given cell or clone of cells shows only one of the two enzyme types seen in a mixture of their cells. " 2 For example, electrophoretic analyses of mass cultures of fibroblasts derived from females heterozygous for the A and B genes at the G-6-PD locus show both type A and type B enzyme, whereas analyses of clones originating from single cells derived from the mass cultures show either type A or type B enzyme but never both A and B.2 Thus, neoplasms arising from a single cell in heterozygous females should exhibit only one enzyme type, while those with a multicellular origin should contain both enzymes. In the first application of this system to the study of neoplasms, Linder and Gartler3 found only type A or type B enzyme in leiomyomas whereas both A and B were found in adjacent normal uterine tissue. This observation strongly suggests a unicellular origin of these tumors. Subsequent studies of this kind provided evidence suggesting a multicellular origin of hereditary trichoepitheliomas,4 carcinoma of the colon,5' I the liver, and the breast,6 and perhaps also of chronic lymphocytic leukemia ;6 in a case of lymphoma, unicellular origin was suggested.5 In this paper we report the application of this system to chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). In addition to indicating a clonal origin of this malignancy, our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that erythrocytes and granulocytes have a common stem cell. Patients. -Three Negro females heterozygous for the common (A) electrophoretic variant of G-6-PD were studied. They had typical clinical and hematological features of CML. The Philadelphia chromosome was demonstrated in the first two cases, but cytogenetic studies were not done in the third case. Case 1 was a 15-year-old girl who had not yet been treated. At the time of study the peripheral white blood count was 700,000 cells per mm3 of which 6% were myeloblasts, 1% promyelocytes, 1% myelocytes, 44% metamyelocytes, 13% band forms, 31% mature polymorphonuclear cells, and 4% were mononuclear cells. Case 2 was an 86-year-old woman who was being treated with busulfan. At the time of study the peripheral white blood count was 18,000 cells per mm3 of which 3% were metamyelocytes, 7% band forms, 69% mature polymorphonuclear cells, and 21% were mononuclear cells. Case 3 was a 22-year-old woman who had been treated with busulfan for two months. Two weeks before the time of study the peripheral white blood count was 31,500 cells per mm3 of which 3% were myeloblasts, 35% myelocytes, 13% metamyelocytes, 23% neutrophils, 5% basophils, 5% eosinophils, and 16% were mononuclear cells. Methods. Blood was drawn in heparin for preparation of granulocytes7 and in
Comparison of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts in HIV‐negative pulmonary TB patients with those in normal blood donors and the effect of antitubercular treatment: Hospital‐based flow cytometric study

This study was designed to flow cytometrically determine baseline and sequential values of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets in patients without the human immunodeficiency virus and with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and to correlate these values with those obtained from normal male blood donors and with the radiologic extent of disease and response to therapy.
Corporate tax competition and profit shifting to tax havens

This paper presents the case that governments set corporate tax rates both in competition for real investment and in response to profit shifting. Multinational firms seek to maximize global profit by allocating capital across countries, leading to strategic interaction using corporate tax rates in competition for real investment. The role of tax havens in artificial profit shifting shows increased profit shifting has led to lower corporate tax rates. A simple theoretical model of tax competition and profit shifting predicts that statutory tax rates are strategic complements, and that tax rates respond negatively to profit shifting. These predictions are empirically confirmed by a spatial autoregressive model with bilateral investment weights instead of size, distance or uniform weights. Strategic interaction between governments for real investment is significant but smaller than previously estimated, and profit shifting to tax havens significantly affects corporate tax rates. The observed trend of falling corporate tax rates is a function of both tax competition for investment and profit shifting to tax havens.
Training effects of stair-climbing during office hours on female employees.

The feasibility of increased stair-climbing during office hours and the resulting training effects were evaluated in volunteer female subjects (mean age 30-8 yrs). Subjects were divided into exercise (stair-climbing) and control (lift-riding) groups. 59 females climbed stairs for 12 weeks and 26 females for 24 weeks. The mean number of floors climbed was 65 floors week−1. Daily stair-climbing consisted of 2-4 sessions, each about one minute in duration, the peak loads corresponding to about 70% of V02max Stair-using activity was independent of age. body weight and V02max at entry. Following 12 weeks of stair-climbing the only statistically significant change was a decrease in Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) during the stair-climbing lest in the exercise group. After 24 weeks a statistically significant decrease was further observed in RPE. The mean change in predicted V02max + 4·8% in older and +6·3% in less fit subjects was statistically significant in the exercise group compared to control group. An.