Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining Outcome Variability: Correlates of Treatment Response in a Child and Adolescent Anxiety Clinic

Examined correlates of treatment response in a clinic providing cognitive-behavioral therapy for children with anxiety disorders. Youth (ages 7 to 15) with a primary Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev., or 4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1987, 1994) anxiety-disorder diagnosis (overanxious disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, or avoidant disorder) participated. After completing a full course of treatment and posttreatment (n = 135) and 1-year follow-up (n = 107) assessments, participants were classified into 1 of 2 groups-poor treatment response and good treatment response-using parent diagnostic reports. Discriminant function analyses indicated that higher levels of maternal- and teacher-reported child-internalizing psychopathology at pretreatment, higher levels of maternal self-reported depressive symptoms, and older-child age were all associated with less favorable treatment response. Other factors, such as child ethnicity, child sex, family income, family composition (i.e., dual parent vs. single parent), child-reported symptomatology, and maternal-reported level of child-externalizing behavior problems did not predict treatment response. Both practical and conceptual implications of the findings are discussed.
Effective Use of Knowledge Management Systems: A Process Model of Content Ratings and Credibility Indicators

Knowledge management systems (KMSs) facilitate the efficient and effective sharing of a firm's intellectual resources. However, sifting through the myriad of content available through KMSs can be challenging, and knowledge workers may be overwhelmed when trying to find the content most relevant for completing a new task. To address this problem, KMS designers often include content rating schemes (i.e., users of the KMS submit ratings to indicate the quality of specific content used) and credibility indicators (indicators describing the validity of the content and/or the ratings) to improve users' search and evaluation of KMS content. This study examines how content ratings and credibility indicators affect KMS users' search and evaluation processes and decision performance (how well and how quickly users selected alternatives offered by the KMS). Four interrelated laboratory experiments provide evidence that ratings have a strong influence on KMS search and evaluation processes, which in turn affects decision performance. Finally, this study demonstrates that certain credibility indicators can moderate the relationship between rating validity and KMS content search and evaluation processes.
Pattern formation in vertically oscillated convection

A fluid layer driven out of equilibrium by both a thermal gradient and time-periodic vertical oscillations displays a number of interesting behaviour. Here we review results from the first experimental investigation of this system as well as a number of related and novel numerical findings. At primary onset these results include modulation-enhanced conduction stability as well as fluid motion in either harmonic or subharmonic resonance with the drive frequency. In the nonlinear parameter range we find a wide variety of singly resonant states, a region where both temporal responses coexist, and a number of novel coexistence patterns–including quasiperiodic crystals and superlattices. Four-wave interactions between harmonic and subharmonic modes are shown to select the structure of these complex patterns. The role of inversion symmetry in the emerging planforms is discussed.
Some temporal and sequential properties of behavior during conditioning and extinction.

Either directly or indirectly, measurements of operant behavior are usually in the form of probabilities of occurrence of the behavior. Response rate, resistance to extinction, percentage of correct choices, and sundry error scores are included in the class. Latency of response, commonly used where running behavior is under study and also in reaction time and avoidance paradigms, is a related subgroup in which the probabilities of occurrence are supplemented by reference to an initial zero point in time. Although the concept of probability of occurrence has proved useful as an index to the effects of various experimental operations (Skinner, 1957), many properties of learned behavior are not well elucidated by these measures, and, furthermore, have received little theoretical or experimental treatment. For example, the probabilities of the individualcomponent response members cannot easily describe serial dependencies among different responses, as in the chaining of behavior. Rather, as Frick and Miller (1951) have shown, the transitional (conditional) probabilities among different response classes must be considered in order to quantify such sequential effects. Furthermore, when the variability in successive members of the saIne response class is of interest, measures such as response force (Notterman, 1959) and speed (Dinsmoor, 1958), spatial location of the response (Antonitis, 1951; Herrnstein, 1959), and bodily orientation at the time of the response (Antonitis, 1951; Guthrie & Horton, 1946) have been adopted. These measures are not entirely without difficulties. Calculation of empirical estimates of transitional probabilities between two or more mutually exclusive response classes becomes exceedingly tedious when carried beyond the second or third order of approximation. All the various response-variability measures present problems of instrumentation. The present report describes the behavior of several more measures, which were observed under the relatively simple procedures of continuous reinforcement and a subsequent extinction session. The merit of these measures is that they are easily summarized quantitatively and simply instrumented, and furthermore appear to be sensitive to reinforcement operations.
Depression and Attribution in Abused Children and Their Nonoffending Caregivers

This study examined depression and attribution in 17 abused children and their nonoffending caregivers. Analysis indicated that negative attributions were significantly related to higher scores on depression of both children and caregivers, that depression scores of caregivers were unrelated to depression of their abused children, but that caregivers, nevertheless, assessed their children's self-reported depression as similar to their own self-reported depression.
Expression Analysis of the Yersiniabactin Receptor GenefyuA and the Heme Receptor hemR ofYersinia enterocolitica In Vitro and In Vivo Using the Reporter Genes for Green Fluorescent Protein and Luciferase

ABSTRACT The enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains have several systems for scavenging iron from their environment. We have studied the expression of the fyuA gene, which encodes the outer membrane receptor for the siderophore yersiniabactin (Ybt), and the hemR gene, which encodes the receptor for heme, using the reporter genes gfp (encoding green fluorescent protein) and luc (encoding firefly luciferase). To study gene expression in vitro as well as in vivo, we have constructed several translational reporter gene fusions to monitor simultaneously expression of fyuA andhemR or expression of one gene by agfp-luc tandem reporter. Results of the in vitro expression analysis (liquid media) indicated that fyuA and hemR are strongly derepressed under iron starvation conditions, resulting in strong fluorescence and/or luminescence at 27°C. In the in vivo BALB/C mouse infection model, tissue-specific expression of fyuA andhemR reporter fusions was observed. Surprisingly,fyuA and hemR reporter constructs were weakly expressed by yersiniae located in the liver and intestinal lumen, whereas strong expression was found for yersiniae in the peritoneal cavity and moderate expression was found in the spleen. Strikingly, yersiniae carrying fyuA orhemR reporter fusions exhibited threefold-stronger signals when grown in the peritoneal cavity of mice than those growing under iron derepression in vitro. This hyperexpression suggests that besides Fur derepression, additional activators may be involved in the enhanced expression of fyuA and hemRunder peritoneal growth conditions. Differential expression of thefyuA and hemR reporter fusions could not be observed, suggesting similar regulation of fyuA andhemR in the mouse infection model.
Dark Current Random Telegraph Signals in Solid-State Image Sensors

This paper focuses on the Dark Current-Random Telegraph Signal (DC-RTS) in solid-state image sensors. The DC-RTS is investigated in several bulk materials, for different surface interfaces and for different trench isolation interfaces. The main parameter used to characterize the DC-RTS is the transition maximum amplitude which seems to be the most appropriate for studying the phenomenon and identifying its origin. Proton, neutron and Co-60 Gamma-ray irradiations are used to study DC-RTS induced by both Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and Displacement damage (Dd) dose. Conclusions are drawn by analyzing the correlation between the exponential slope of the transition maximum amplitude histogram and the location of the DC-RTS-induced defects. The presented results can be extrapolated to predict DC-RTS distributions in various kinds of solid state image sensors.
Practical random sampling of potential defects for analog fault simulation

Analog simulation is much less efficient than digital simulation, so it is essential to reduce the number of potential defects to be simulated when assessing defect coverage of an analog circuit's test. Simple random sampling (SRS) is a published technique for digital fault sampling; stratified sampling is an improvement explored for analog fault simulation. This paper compares the defect coverage estimation accuracy of several sampling techniques and our improvements based on defect-likelihood-weighted selection, as measured by confidence interval. For practical cases, it is shown that the estimation accuracy of SRS gets progressively worse as defects become less uniform in likelihood, but with weighted selection, accuracy improves. We conclude that defect coverage can always be estimated sufficiently accurately by simulating fewer than a thousand defects (and usually much fewer), regardless of circuit size, analog/digital content, and defect likelihood distribution.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS OF THREE FIRE ANT SPECIES IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE TWO SOCIAL FORMS OF SOLENOPSIS INVICTA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)

An electrophoretic study of the genetics of three fire ant species in North America was undertaken with the primary objective of further clarifying the genetic relationship between two social forms of Solenopsis invicta. Such social forms are common in many groups of ants and may, in some cases, represent significant intermediate stages in the speciation process. The monogyne and polygyne forms of S. invicta, while differing in a number of important biological traits, are genetically indistinguishable, in contrast to the substantial genetic differentiation observed between S. invicta and a second, closely related, introduced species, S. richteri. The native fire ant, S. geminata, is genetically the most distinct of the three species studied, in accord with its taxonomic placement in a different species complex. Hypotheses concerning the derivation of the polygyne form of S. invicta from the monogyne form which invoke their long‐term reproductive isolation in South America and separate introductions to North America appear unfounded.
Intracellular but not extracellular conversion of nitroxyl anion into nitric oxide leads to stimulation of human neutrophil migration.

Considerable controversy exists in the literature with regard to the nature of the agent mediating the biological effects of nitroxyl (NO-) donors. Here it is demonstrated that Angeli's salt (AS), a generator of NO-, enhanced human neutrophil migration. Under aerobic conditions, AS was converted to peroxynitrite to a small extent. However, using methionine, a scavenger of peroxynitrite, it was shown that peroxynitrite was not involved in AS-induced migration. AS equally enhanced human neutrophil migration under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, which strongly suggests that extracellular conversion of NO- to . NO by oxygen was not required. Furthermore, metHb and L-cysteine, which react more readily with NO- than with . NO, inhibited AS-induced migration, whereas the response towards gaseous . NO remained unaffected. AS induced an increase in the intracellular level of cGMP, although the curves for migration and cGMP level appeared to be slightly different in their concentration dependence. An inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase and antagonists of cGMP-dependent protein kinase had a more pronounced inhibitory effect on . NO-induced migration than on AS-induced migration. This suggests that the cGMP signalling cascade is partially, but not solely, responsible for AS-induced migration. As it has been demonstrated that soluble guanylate cyclase can only be activated by . NO, and not by NO-, these data indicate that NO- is at least partly converted intracellularly to . NO.
Is intensive care for very immature babies justified?

Neonatal intensive care is generally considered justified in the majority of very premature infants, but there is some concern about the effectiveness of the techniques used at the margins of viability (22–24 wk of gestation). The controversy that exists in this area is largely due to a lack of agreed endpoints for geographically based populations where all live births are considered. Evaluation of outcome must also take the quality of neurological function in surviving infants into consideration, and in reviewing these data the reader is struck by the few reports providing information on a high proportion of survivors. To inform this debate, the “best data” for analysis are reviewed based on a number of criteria of quality for survival and outcome studies. Based on these data sets, >25% of babies born alive at 24 wk and below survive without major disability.
Wealth and Virtue: The ‘rich country–poor country’ debate in Scottish classical political economy

‘where the Necessaries of Life are cheap, there also will Labour and Art be cheap’ This is disputed (Jonathan Swift's marginalia to John Browne's Essays on the Trade and Coin of Ireland , 1729) There would be no novelty in arguing that the eighteenth-century Scottish ‘inquiry into the origin and causes of the wealth of nations’ can a posteriori be seen as a series of considerations on why certain countries were rich and others were poor, whether the rich were getting richer while the poor were getting poorer or whether they were all marching together into some common future of ‘abundance’. The thesis of this paper is both more specific and more historical than that. It argues that there was a distinct debate in eighteenth-century Scottish political economy about the relationship of rich and poor countries as they coexisted and fought for international markets in historical time. While only the bare outlines of this debate can be presented here, these alone may serve to indicate how crucial this debate was to the shaping of classical political economy in the Scottish Enlightenment. The terminal dates of this Scottish debate are 1752 and 1804. It was provoked by the publication in 1752 of David Hume's Political Discourses , and came to an end in the last major work of eighteenth-century Scottish political economy, Lord Lauderdale's Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Public Wealth .
Liver transplantation in alcoholic patients

Alcoholic liver disease is one of the most common causes of cirrhosis and indications for orthotopic liver transplantation in Europe and North America. The reluctance to transplant alcoholics stems in part from the view that alcoholics bear responsibility for their illness. There is also the perception that the alcoholic person is likely to relapse into alcohol use after transplantation and thereby damage the allograft.
Prosodie et contact de langues: le cas du système tonal du français centrafricain

L’objectif de cette etude est d’apporter une contribution aux recherches portant sur les effets prosodiques du contact de langues a travers l’etude du systeme prosodique du francais centrafricain, une variete de francais ayant emerge suite au contact avec une langue africaine a densite tonale maximale, le sango. La Republique centrafricaine est un pays extremement multilingue. Entre 60 et 100 langues y sont parlees, outre les deux langues officielles que constituent le sango – lingua franca, et le francais – langue principale de l’enseignement et de l’administration publique. Dans la capitale, Bangui, le sango est la langue parlee d’ordinaire dans la vie quotidienne, tandis que le francais s’utilise essentiellement dans des contextes professionnels. Cette etude se base sur des enregistrements de parole spontanee de 12 locuteurs francophones de Bangui. Des analyses acoustiques montrent que l’intonation du francais centrafricain partage des caracteristiques communes avec le sango. La majorite de mots ont des patrons tonals qui restent inchanges quel que soit leur place dans l’enonce, et chaque syllabe porte un ton. Le systeme se distingue ainsi considerablement du systeme intonatif du francais europeen ou la courbe melodique est contrainte au niveau post-lexical et depend entre autres de facteurs rythmiques, syntaxiques et pragmatiques. La conclusion principale de cette etude est que le francais centrafricain se classifie d’un point de vue typologique comme une langue a tons lexicaux. Il ressort que le systeme prosodique du francais centrafricain est plus proche de celui du sango et que de celui du francais europeen. Les faits mis au jour dans cette these montrent que la prosodie peut changer de facon fondamentale dans une situation de contact de langue.
Evaluando el impacto de la implantación de la calidad en las Administraciones Públicas. Las Cartas de Servicios en la Comunidad de Madrid

La ponencia se divide en las siguientes partes. La primera ubica las Cartas de Servicio (CdS) en tanto herramientas de transformacion en la gestion publica. En la segunda y tercera partes se presentan de forma detallada los resultados derivados de la introduccion de las CdS en la Administracion de la Comunidad de Madrid, utilizando como referente el capital humano y los recursos materiales y tecnologicos, y diferenciando un conjunto de indicadores sobre cada una de esas dimensiones. En la cuarta parte, se realizan unas reflexiones sobre las CdS y sus resultados a la luz de los datos empiricos de la investigacion. Finalmente, se cierra la ponencia con una conclusion que sintetiza los contenidos principales del trabajo y sugiere una linea de trabajo para el futuro.
Autonomic nervous function in mice and voles (Microtus arvalis): investigation by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability

We have studied the autonomic nervous function in voles (Microtus arvalis) and mice. For this purpose, ECGs were recorded from conscious and unrestrained voles and mice using radiotelemetry and the autonomic nervous function was investigated by the power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Heart rate in voles was lower than mice and the coefficient of variance was larger in voles. In the power spectra of voles and mice, there were two major spectral components with the high frequency (HF) peak generally appearing between 2.0 and 4.0 Hz, and the low frequency (LF) peak appearing below 0.6 Hz. On the basis of this data, we set the two frequency bands as LF (0.1-1.0 Hz) and HF (1.0-5.0 Hz) to evaluate autonomic nervous function. The LF and HF powers were larger in voles than mice. The LF/HF ratio was thought to provide a convenient index of autonomic nervous balance and was smaller in voles than mice. The LF powers in both species were reduced by atropine, but propranolol reduced the LF power only in mice. The HF power was reduced by atropine only in voles. The intrinsic heart rate produced by a double blockade with atropine and propranolol in voles was almost the same as control levels, but in mice was lower than controls. The ratio of the LF and HF powers by a double blockade were almost the same as those of the administration of atropine in voles, but nearer to propranolol in mice. These results suggested that the parasympathetic nervous function was predominant in voles, but the sympathetic one was predominant in mice.
Adverse drug effects, compliance, and initial doses of antihypertensive drugs recommended by the Joint National Committee vs the Physicians' Desk Reference.

BACKGROUND Compliance problems are common causes of the inadequate treatment of hypertension, with 16% to 50% of patients quitting treatment within 1 year. Dose-related adverse drug events (ADEs) frequently cause compliance problems, and many ADEs occur with the initial doses of antihypertensive drugs. Thus, it is an established tenet to initiate antihypertensive therapy at low doses to avoid ADEs that diminish patients' quality of life and reduce compliance. However, what are the lowest effective doses of antihypertensive drugs? OBJECTIVE To compare the initial doses recommended in the Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) with those recommended by the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI). METHODS Review of the latest JNC VI report (1997) and the 1999 and 2000 editions of the PDR and the medical literature. RESULTS The JNC VI recommends substantially lower initial doses for 23 (58%) of 40 drugs, compared with the PDR. In addition, for 37 (82%) of 45 drugs, PDR guidelines do not suggest lower initial doses for old or frail patients than for younger adults. CONCLUSIONS Although the PDR is the drug reference most used by physicians, it does not reflect the lowest initial doses that are recommended by the JNC VI for many of the most prescribed antihypertensive drugs. Because avoidance of ADEs is essential to maintaining compliance with antihypertensive therapy, and because many antihypertensive ADEs are dose related, physicians must know the very lowest, effective, least ADE-prone doses. Patients and physicians would benefit by establishing mechanisms to make this information readily available to all practicing physicians.
Basal and metal‐induced expression of metallothionein isoform 1 and 2 genes in the RWPE‐1 human prostate epithelial cell line

The human prostate gland has low basal expression of the metallothionein‐1 and ‐2 proteins. In prostate cancer, MT‐1/2 protein expression is variable and correlates directly with the increasing Gleason score of the tumor. The goal of the present study was to determine if the RWPE‐1 cell line is a good model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the alterations in MT‐1/2 expression that occur during the development of prostate cancer. It was shown that the RWPE‐1 cell line and in situ prostate tissue have identical expression profiles of MT‐1 and MT‐2 isoform‐specific mRNAs (MT‐1E, MT‐1X and MT‐2A) and similar levels of MT‐1/2 protein. It was also shown that the RWPE‐1 cells respond to Zn+2 and Cd+2 exposure by induction of the basally expressed MT mRNAs and the accumulation of high levels MT‐1/2 protein (in excess of 10% of total protein). It was also shown that additional MT‐1 mRNAs were expressed when the cells were exposed to either metal; MT‐1A, MT‐1F, MT‐G and MT‐1H for Cd+2‐exposed cells; and, MT‐1F, MT‐G and MT‐1H for Zn+2‐exposed cells. The results suggest that RWPE‐1 cells may be a valuable system to define the interplay between Zn+2 concentration, Cd+2 exposure and MT in normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.