Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are you looking at me? The influence of facial orientation and cultural focus salience on the perception of emotion expressions

Abstract We examined the influence of cultural orientation salience on the emotion perception process in a contextualized emotion recognition task. We primed individual and collective focus in participants who later rated the emotion expressions of a central character (target) showing a happy, sad, angry, or neutral facial expression in a group setting. Facial orientation of a group of four other persons towards the target person was manipulated so that they faced either “inwards,” towards the central character, or “outwards,” towards the observer. Priming a collectivistic mind-set resulted in the perception of more intense emotions in the “inwards” facial orientation condition when the target showed angry, happy, or neutral expressions. Individualist focus influenced emotion perception in the “outwards” facial orientation condition in few cases. The findings highlight the significance of perceivers’ cultural orientation and social elements of the situation for emotion perception in line with the “culture as situated cognition” model.
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: ITS NATURE AND ANTECEDENTS

Theory and research on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) has presumed OCB as a set of desirable behaviors that contributes to the organizational effectiveness. So far OCB has been connoted as one of the antecedents of organizational performance. However, the antecedents of OCB are not thoroughly investigated. This study explores various existing definitions of OCB and then examines the dimensions of OCB. Based on the discussion on the dimensions of OCB, a number of antecedents were identified. When the antecedents are known, managers would be able to promote OCB among their employees for better performance.
Minimizing muscle fatigue through optimization of electrical stimulation parameters

Rapid onset of muscle fatigue in response to electrical stimulation is a major challenge when designing a neuroprosthesis. This study aimed to introduce a decision-making algorithm to optimize pulse amplitude and pulse duration, for current regulated electrical stimulators, to attain a target joint torque level while minimizing muscle fatigue. We measured ankle torque produced by different pairs of pulse amplitude and pulse duration applied to the plantar-flexors. In each session, we measured the maximum generated torque and calculated muscle fatigue (fatigue time and torque-time integral). Then, we determined the pulse amplitude and pulse duration pair that generated a target level of torque while minimizing muscle fatigue. High bilateral symmetry and day-to-day repeatability was observed for the torque time-series between the left and right plantar-flexors of each participant (median correlation coefficient = 0.95). Compared to the average fatigue obtained by various pulse amplitude and pulse duration pairs for a given level of torque, delivering pulses with the optimal pair reduced fatigue on average by 22.5% according to fatigue time and 6.6% according to torque-time integral. We created an empirical model describing how pulse amplitude and pulse duration can be modulated to generate specific levels of plantar-flexion torque with minimum muscle fatigue.
Preparation and in vitro evaluation of a novel chitosan-based hydrogel for injectable delivery of enrofloxacin

BACKGROUND: The development of injectable sustained-release products are of great interest to veterinary pharmaceuticals and animal health business. Recently, great attention has been paid to in situ gel-forming chitosan/beta-glycerophosphate (chitosan/β-GP) solutions due to their good biodegradability and thermosensitivity. OBJECTIVES: The general aim of this study was to prepare a novel in situ gel-forming drug delivery system with a sustained release profile for enrofloxacin. METHODS: Chitosan, β-GP and enrofloxacin were used in different concentrations and six formulations of chitosan/β-GP were prepared. The properties of the hydrogels including the pattern of drug release, gelation time, syringeability, morphology, FTIR spectra, and in vitro antimicrobial activity were evaluated. RESULTS: The release rate of enrofloxacin from the hydrogels and syringeability of the final solutions were decreased by increasing in β-GP and chitosan concentrations. All formulations could release the drug up to 120 hours but formulation 1 (chitosan-2%, β-GP-5% and enrofloxacin-1%) gave the best results based on its optimal drug release profile and viscosity. The FTIR studies showed that there were no interactions between enrofloxacin and hydrogel excipients. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the formed gel had a continuous texture, while the swelled gel in phosphate buffer had a porous structure. Microbiological tests revealed high bactericidal activities for this enrofloxacin- loaded hydrogel which were comparable to those of positive control (enrofloxacin suspension) in terms of inhibition zone, MIC and MBC values. CONCLUSION: Because of simple preparation and sustained release profile of the drug, this hydrogel could be a promising delivery system for enrofloxacin in animals.
Okul Deneyimi I Uygulamasının Aday Öğretmenlere Sağladığı Yararlar Konusundaki Görüşlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Arastirmanin amaci, Okul Deneyimi I uygulamasinin ogretmen adaylari icin hangi konularda ve ne duzeyde yararli oldugunu tespit etmektir. Arastirma 35 uygulama ogretmeni ile 80 ogretmen adayi uzerinde yapil- mistir. Veriler 32 sorudan olusan bir anket yoluyla toplanmistir. Anket yardimiyla elde edilen veriler Statistica programdan yararlanilarak analiz edilmistir. Uygulama ogretmenlerinin ve aday ogretmenlerin gorusleri ara- sinda fark olup olmadigini belirlemek amaciyla “t testi” yapilmistir. Grup- larin gorusleri arasindaki fark . 05 anlamlilik duzeyi dikkate alinarak yorum- lanmistir. Arastirmanin sonucunda uygulama ogretmenleri ile aday ogret- menlerin okul deneyimi I uygulamasinin ogretmen adaylarina sagladigi yararlar konusunda farkli goruslere sahip olduklari saptanmistir
One Size Fits All? A simple LSTM for non-literal token and construction-level classification

In this paper, we tackle four different tasks of non-literal language classification: token and construction level metaphor detection, classification of idiomatic use of infinitive-verb compounds, and classification of non-literal particle verbs. One of the tasks operates on the token level, while the three other tasks classify constructions such as “hot topic” or “stehen lassen” (“to allow sth. to stand” vs. “to abandon so.”). The two metaphor detection tasks are in English, while the two non-literal language detection tasks are in German. We propose a simple context-encoding LSTM model and show that it outperforms the state-of-the-art on two tasks. Additionally, we experiment with different embeddings for the token level metaphor detection task and find that 1) their performance varies according to the genre, and 2) word2vec embeddings perform best on 3 out of 4 genres, despite being one of the simplest tested model. In summary, we present a large-scale analysis of a neural model for non-literal language classification (i) at different granularities, (ii) in different languages, (iii) over different non-literal language phenomena.
The effect of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) in mothers about behavior of prevention from febrile convulsion in children

Febrile convulsion is the most common convulsions in children under 5 years. Therefore this study carried out to determine the effects of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on mothers' behavior preventing from febrile convulsion in their children. This is a pre-post Clinical trial, in which one hundred women referred to health centers of Arak city were participated. The subjects were randomly divided to case and control groups. Data gathering device is a questionnaire developed based on Health Belief Model (HBM). The questionnaire was filled for the members of the groups both before and three months after the educational intervention, then the gathered data was analyzed. Results of the study showed that before educational intervention the mothers' perceived susceptibility and severity from febrile convulsion in their children were less than average and their perceived barriers was more than average. After the educational intervention mothers' perceived barriers to prevent from convulsions decreased and their performance in this area increased (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Finding of this research confirmed that education based on HBM improves mothers' behavior preventing from febrile convulsion in their children.
High rates of infidelity in the Grey Fantail Rhipidura albiscapa suggest that testis size may be a better correlate of extra‐pair paternity than sexual dimorphism

The Grey Fantail Rhipidura albiscapa is a socially monogamous passerine endemic to Australia. Behavioural and morphological clues point to opposing conclusions as to its breeding system; sexual monomorphism and monochrome colorations suggest monogamy, whereas relatively large testes and a prominent cloacal protruberance are more indicative of multiple mating and sperm competition. We used five highly variable microsatellite loci to investigate the genetic breeding system of this species. Paternity was assigned to 49 of 69 (71%) offspring tested and the overall rate of partner infidelity was high, with 55% of offspring being sired by an extra-pair male and 64% of all clutches containing extra-pair young. This puts the Grey Fantail amongst the most promiscuous socially monogamous species yet studied. Where extra-pair fathers were identified, these were invariably in neighbouring territories, and although larger males did not gain more paternities overall, extra-pair offspring tended to be fathered by larger males than expected by chance. We interpret our findings in light of some of the potential costs and benefits associated with extra-pair paternity.
Corporate volunteering climate: mobilizing employee passion for societal causes and inspiring future charitable action

As a society, we grapple with a host of national and global social issues — ranging from hunger and poverty to education to financial stability. Today’s corporations are playing an increasing role in efforts to address such concerns, predominantly through corporate volunteering. Yet, because research on corporate volunteering has been primarily focused on the individual volunteer experience, we still know relatively little about how corporate volunteering can help address grand challenges. In this study, we introduce the concept of corporate volunteering climate in order to examine the broader, more system-level functioning of corporate volunteering in workplaces. Drawing on the sensemaking process, we theorize about how a corporate volunteering climate develops — to what extent is it driven by company-level policies versus employee convictions for a cause? We also explore the potential influence of corporate volunteering climate for volunteers and non-volunteers, both in terms of the workplace (through employee affective commitment) and in terms of the broader community (through employee intentions to volunteer, both in corporate opportunities and on personal time). The results of a study conducted with United Way Worldwide suggest that corporate volunteering climate not only arises through either employees’ belief in the cause or corporate policies, but also that these forces act as substitutes for one another. Moreover, by fostering a sense of collective pride among employees, this climate is related to affective commitment, as well as both corporate and personal volunteering intentions.
Interaction of guided waves in isotropic elastic plates with weak material nonlinearity : sum-frequency , difference-frequency , second harmonic and zero-frequency components

Abstract In this paper, the generation mechanism and conditions of the accumulative second harmonic and the zerofrequency were studied and the evaluation index of material nonlinearity at early stage was proposed. First, the propagation of finite-amplitude waves in an isotropic, homogenous, stress-free elastic plate is investigated theoretically. Weak material and geometric non-linearities are considered, and perturbation method is employed to obtain solutions of the non-linear equations of motion for harmonic generation in the guided waves. Solutions for zero-frequency, sum-frequency, difference-frequency, and the second-harmonic components are obtained by means of modal decomposition method. Two conditions for internal resonance are quantified: power or energy transfer from the primary wave mode to the second harmonic mode, and phase velocity matching. Unlike second harmonics, zero-frequency mode has no requirement on phase velocity matching and its signal is stronger than that of the traditional nonlinear ones, e.g., second or higher-order harmonics. And the second harmonic and zerofrequency only can be symmetric and can be excited by both a symmetric and an antisymmetric primary mode.
Analyzing Corporate Bond Recovery Rates: An Empirical Study on the Impact of Unobservable Firm Heterogeneity

This paper investigates the impact of unobservable firm heterogeneity on modeling corporate bond recovery rates at the instrument level. Based on the recovery information over a long horizon from 1986 to 2012, we find that an obligor-varying linear factor model presents significant improvements in explaining the variations of recovery rates with a remarkable high intra-class correlation being observed. It indicates that the inclusion of an obligor-varying random effect term has effectively explained the unobservable firm level information shared by instruments of the same issuer, and made the observable firm accounting ratios are almost replaceable. The empirical results have shown that the latent economic cyclical effects have been well represented by the inclusion of the firm heterogeneity. We find strong evidences for the normal distributional assumption of the single factor model although the historical recovery rates distribution shows strongly non-normal characteristics. Finally our study suggests that the choice of recovery rate models may influence portfolio risk significantly, and the obligor-varying factor model generates a more right skewed tail distribution than other methods on the aggregated portfolio.
Identification and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from raw chicken meat based on molecular and biological techniques

SUMMARY A PCR-based assay was developed to detect the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Iranian chicken meat samples and to evaluate plasmid- and chromosome-borne virulence genes. This feasible and informative method was able to provide a rapid and reliable characterization of field isolates. A total of 720 chicken meat samples were collected randomly from abattoirs in western Iran and tested by culturing and PCR methods. Of these, 132 (18.33%) were found to be positive for Y. enterocolitica by both methods. Isolates included biotypes 1A (0%), 1B (0%), 2 (18.18%), 3 (52.27%), 4 (17.42%), and 5 (12.12%), and serotypes included O:3 (36.84%), O:5,27 (59.84%), O:8 (5.30%), and O:9 (0%). Of the 46 Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3 isolates, the prevalence of virulence genes included yadA (82.60%), inv (100%), ail (95.65%), ystA (93.47%), and virF (58.69%). This study highlighted the importance of chicken meat as potential sources of Y. enterocolitica infection in Iran.
Understanding surprise : Can less likely events be less surprising?

Surprise is often thought of as an experience that is elicited following an unexpected event. However, it may also be the case that surprise stems from an event that is simply difficult to explain. In this paper, we investigate the latter view. Specifically, we question why the provision of an enabling factor can mitigate perceived surprise for an unexpected event despite lowering the overall probability of that event. One possibility is that surprise occurs when a person cannot rationalise an outcome event in the context of the scenario representation. A second possibility is that people can generate plausible explanations for unexpected events but that surprise is experienced when those explanations are uncertain. We explored these hypotheses in an experiment where a first group of participants rated surprise for a number of scenario outcomes and a second group rated surprise after generating a plausible explanation for those outcomes. Finally, a third group of participants rated surprise for the both the original outcomes and the reasons generated for those outcomes by the second group. Our results suggest that people can come up with plausible explanations for unexpected events but that surprise results when these explanations are uncertain.
High Temperature Tolerance in Aegilops Species and Its Potential Transfer to Wheat

High temperature (HT) stress is highly detrimental to crop productivity but there is limited variability for this trait among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The objectives of this research were to screen wild wheats (Aegilops species) for tolerance to HT stress at the reproductive stage and to measure physiological and yield traits associated with the tolerance. Fiftytwo accessions belonging to fi ve Aegilops species were evaluated at optimum temperature (OT) (25/19°C day/night) and HT (36/30°C) with a photoperiod of 18 h. Stress was imposed at anthesis and continued for 16 d. Across species, HT decreased chlorophyll, grain number per spike, individual grain weight, and grain yield per plant by 38, 40, 56, and 70%, respectively. Based on a decrease in grain yield, A. speltoides Tausch and A. geniculata Roth were most tolerant and A. longissima Schweinf. & Muschl. was highly susceptible to HT stress. Tolerance was associated with higher grain number per spike and/or heavier grains. Within A. speltoides, accession TA 2348 was highly tolerant to HT with 13.5% decline in grain yield and a heat susceptibility index (HSI) of 0.23 whereas TA 1787 and TA 2097 were highly susceptible with >82% yield decline and HSIs > 1.4. Among A. geniculata, two moderately HT tolerant accessions, TA 2899 and TA 1819, were identifi ed, with an HSI of 0.80. Our results suggest that there is genetic variability among Aegilops species that can be utilized in breeding wheat for HT tolerance at reproductive stage. G.P. Pradhan, P.V. V. Prasad, A.K. Fritz and M.B. Kirkham, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS 66506; B.S. Gill, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS 66506. Mention of trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by Kansas State University and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. Contribution no. 11-236-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Received 1 Apr 2011. *Corresponding author (vara@ksu.edu). Abbreviations: CTD, canopy temperature depression; GS, growth stage; HSI, heat susceptibility index; HT, high temperature; OT, optimum temperature; PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; SPAD, soil plant analysis development. Published in Crop Sci. 52:292–304 (2012). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2011.04. 0186 Published online 31 Oct. 2011. © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Published January, 2012
Leapfrog migration and habitat preferences of a small oceanic seabird, Bulwer's petrel (Bulweria bulwerii)

Our current understanding of migratory strategies and the reasons for their high variability along the phylogenetic tree remains relatively poor. Most of the hypotheses relating to migration have been formulated for terrestrial taxa; classically, oceanic migrations were considered as merely dispersive because of the scarcity of observations in the open ocean. We describe for the first time, the migration strategy of a small seabird, the Bulwer's petrel (Bulweria bulwerii), and provide new insights into the ecology and evolution of long‐distance marine migrations.
Impact of Scattering Model on Disdrometer Derived Attenuation Scaling

NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and the Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI) are currently entering the third year of a joint propagation study in Milan, Italy utilizing the 20 and 40 GHz beacons of the Alphasat TDP#5 Aldo Paraboni scientific payload. The Ka- and Q-band beacon receivers were installed at the POLIMI campus in June of 2014 and provide direct measurements of signal attenuation at each frequency. Collocated weather instrumentation provides concurrent measurement of atmospheric conditions at the receiver; included among these weather instruments is a Thies Clima Laser Precipitation Monitor (optical disdrometer) which records droplet size distributions (DSD) and droplet velocity distributions (DVD) during precipitation events. This information can be used to derive the specific attenuation at frequencies of interest and thereby scale measured attenuation data from one frequency to another. Given the ability to both predict the 40 gigahertz attenuation from the disdrometer and the 20 gigahertz time-series as well as to directly measure the 40 gigahertz attenuation with the beacon receiver, the Milan terminal is uniquely able to assess these scaling techniques and refine the methods used to infer attenuation from disdrometer data. In order to derive specific attenuation from the DSD, the forward scattering coefficient must be computed. In previous work, this has been done using the Mie scattering model, however, this assumes a spherical droplet shape. The primary goal of this analysis is to assess the impact of the scattering model and droplet shape on disdrometer-derived attenuation predictions by comparing the use of the Mie scattering model to the use of the T-matrix method, which does not assume a spherical droplet. In particular, this paper will investigate the impact of these two scattering approaches on the error of the resulting predictions as well as on the relationship between prediction error and rain rate.