Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Panmictic population structure in the migratory marine sparid Acanthopagrus australis despite its close association with estuaries

Recent studies have revealed surprising levels of genetic structuring within populations of marine species that were previously thought to be widely dispersed. Such subdivision may reflect unexpected physical or biological barriers to dispersal, including philopatric behaviour. Here we investigate the genetic structure of the eastern Australian yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis—a widely distributed species that is thought to be highly dispersive but is also known to spawn in close association with estuaries. Our data from surveys of allele frequencies at 6 microsatel- lite DNA loci for 350 fish revealed high levels of genetic diversity within all sites but no genetic dif- ferentiation of groups of recruits collected from sites separated by a distance of up to 50 km (allele fre- quency differentiation: FST = 0.002, p > 0.05). Moreover, there was no differentiation of adults spread across the distributional range of the species (several 100s of kilometers, FST = 0.002). We conclude that A. australis spawning is opportunistically associated with estuaries in general, and that the spe- cies essentially forms a panmictic population with a genetic homogeneity reflecting the predicted active northwards dispersal of adults and the southwards dispersal of larvae as affected by the East- ern Australian Current.
Tidal and seasonal variations in calving flux observed with passive seismology

The seismic signatures of calving events, i.e., calving icequakes, offer an opportunity to examine calving variability with greater precision than is available with other methods. Here using observations from Yahtse Glacier, Alaska, we describe methods to detect, locate, and characterize calving icequakes. We combine these icequake records with a coincident, manually generated record of observed calving events to develop and validate a statistical model through which we can infer iceberg sizes from the properties of calving icequakes. We find that the icequake duration is the single most significant predictor of an iceberg's size. We then apply this model to 18 months of seismic recordings and find elevated iceberg calving flux during the summer and fall and a pronounced lull in calving during midwinter. Calving flux is sensitive to semidiurnal tidal stage. Large calving events are tens of percent more likely during falling and low tides than during rising and high tides, consistent with a view that deeper water has a stabilizing influence on glacier termini. Multiple factors affect the occurrence of mechanical fractures that ultimately lead to iceberg calving. At Yahtse Glacier, seismology allows us to demonstrate that variations in the rate of submarine melt are a dominant control on iceberg calving rates at seasonal timescales. On hourly to daily timescales, tidal modulation of the normal stress against the glacier terminus reveals the nonlinear glacier response to changes in the near‐terminus stress field.
Human Capital Development in Nigeria: Does Financial Deepening Matter?

This study investigated the impact of Financial Deepening on Human Capital development in Nigeria. Human Development Index (HDI) was used as proxy for Human Capital development due to its multidimensional nature while the ratios of Credit to the Private Sector, Broad Money Supply and Market Capitalization were used to proxy financial deepening. Data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2015) and World Development Indicators from 1981 to 2015 were used. Johansen Cointegration Test was employed to determine the existence of long-run relationship between Financial Deepening and Economic Development while Error Correction Model was used to determine the adjustment factor and causality. It was found that there is a unidirectional causality running from financial deepening to Human Capital Development. The study concluded that financial deepening is important and beneficial in improving Human Capital in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that Policy Makers should sustain existing financial deepening policies to improve education and health care delivery and ultimately increase the economic outputs of the nation. Keywords : Human Capital, Financial Deepening and Economic Growth
Context Effects : Evidence from Eye Movements

This study aimed at examining context effects of processing science terminology in Chinese during the reading process. The science texts were first chosen, and then they were replaced by science terminology with familiar words; other common words remained in both texts. The results implied that readers spent longer rereading durations and total fixation durations for the same common words in science texts than for corresponding texts. Readers performed shorter gaze durations for replaced words than the science terminology. However, the first fixation durations for the two-word types did not show significant differences from each other. Besides, readers sought for more contextual information to aid their comprehension. The adult readers seemed to successfully process the meanings of each Chinese characters but they failed to access the meanings of science terminology at the initial processing stage. With the assistance of contextual information, the adult readers were able to comprehend the unfamiliar words. Instruction for teaching science in school was suggested to improve the learning processes.
Dark energy and modified gravity in the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure

We develop an approach to compute observables beyond the linear regime of dark matter perturbations for general dark energy and modified gravity models. We do so by combining the Effective Field Theory of Dark Energy and Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure approaches. In particular, we parametrize the linear and nonlinear effects of dark energy on dark matter clustering in terms of the Lagrangian terms introduced in a companion paper [1], focusing on Horndeski theories and assuming the quasi-static approximation. The Euler equation for dark matter is sourced, via the Newtonian potential, by new nonlinear vertices due to modified gravity and, as in the pure dark matter case, by the effects of short-scale physics in the form of the divergence of an effective stress tensor. The effective fluid introduces a counterterm in the solution to the matter continuity and Euler equations, which allows a controlled expansion of clustering statistics on mildly nonlinear scales. We use this setup to compute the one-loop dark-matter power spectrum.
Institutional Factors Affecting Academic Entrepreneurship: The Case of University of Tehran

The role of universities has been highlighted in the social and economic development of communities with the addition of entrepreneurial mission to the educational and research missions of the universities. Thus, the subjects related to the academic entrepreneurship and commercialization of knowledge has recently been taken into consideration by many researchers and politicians in various countries. In Iran, concept of academic entrepreneurship is newly established and is in its initial stages of formation and institutionalization. Considering this gap in the literature, identifying institutional factors which affect academic entrepreneurship in Iran is the main objective of this study. For this purpose, the Institutional Economy theory of North (1990) was used to investigate the formal and informal institutional factors that foster academic entrepreneurship in Iran. In this study a mixed approach was implemented, taking advantage of interviews and a questionnaire to collection the data from the experts involved in academic entrepreneurship activities in University of Tehran. For sampling purposes, the objective judgmental method was used as a non-probability sampling approach. Data collection and analysis continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Then, 41 semi-structured and open interviews were conducted. The quantitative sample size was calculated based on the Cochran’s Formula (60 persons). Findings revealed that main formal institutional factors that affect academic entrepreneurship in Iran include as follows: (i) rules, structure and governance of the university, (ii) entrepreneurship and business training programs, (iii) university-industry relationship, (iv) governmental policies and regulations, (v) intellectual property laws, and (vi) educational and research structure of the university while principle informal institutional factors include: (i) method of enforcing rules, (ii) political considerations, (ii) role models and academic reward system, and (iii) academicians' attitudes toward entrepreneurship.
Contribution of Cooperative Banks to the Regional Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from France

In this paper, we propose to study the contribution of the French cooperative banks in regional economic growth. This study is based on dynamic panel data estimation regarding that the data used are generated from 88 regional cooperative banks in France practicing in 26 different regions for the period 2006-2012. The empirical results by the system generalized method of moments method allow us to confirm that cooperative banks is positively associated with economic growth after controlling for various determinants. In fact, the development of cooperative banks by improving their financial situation can promote regional economic development
Genetic components for age at puberty and associated traits in female swine

Despite recent improvements in litter size (Knauer and Hostetler, 2015), management practices and reproductive efficiency, many sow herds struggle to improve sow longevity (Stalder et al., 2004). Sows need to remain in the breeding herd for greater than three parities to recuperate gilt development costs (Stalder et al., 2003). Thus, implementation of new phenotypic metrics into genetic selection practices is imperative for genetic progress in sow retention. A younger age at puberty has been associated with improved gilt retention and enhanced sow longevity (Knauer et al., 2010), yet age at puberty is not typically recorded in nucleus herds. Traits highly correlated with age at puberty such as age at first mating and/or age at farrowing are typically recorded on sow farms yet are not included in genetic evaluations. Capturing age at puberty is labor intensive. The trait requires females be checked daily for estrus in the presence of a boar. Given the positive impact of young puberty, the objective of this study was to evaluate four generations of divergent selection for age at puberty in swine and estimate genetic components for age at puberty and other swine estrous traits.
Laryngeal coarticulation. Section 1: Coarticulatory investigations of the devoicing gesture

This paper reviews the current state of our knowledge about the organization of the devoicing gesture in speech. First of all, the influence of place and manner of articulation on the devoicing gesture in single voiceless consonants is discussed. This provides the background for consideration of coarticulatory effects in two main classes of consonantal sequences. The first class involves sequences of voiceless stop (or fricative) plus sonorant (e.g. /pl/). It is well-known that the sonorant can undergo devoicing, induced by the coarticulatory effect of the adjacent voiceless consonant. It is much less clear if and how laryngeal-oral interarticulatory coordination in modified with respect to the pattern found for single voiceless consonants. This could be of great theoretical interest since there are reports that total duration of voicelessness in e.g. /pl/ is longer than in /p/. It would be intriguing if the devoicing gesture, accordingly, were longer in the former case, as it is not clear what current theory of coarticulation could handle this. The second class involves sequences of purely voiceless sounds. Here the view is of coarticulation as coproduction, i.e. what sounds in consonant sequences are associated with a separate laryngeal gesture, and how multiple gesture blend. While a considerable amount is known about the laryngeal movements per se, it is argued (as for the first class of sequences) that the laryngeal findings need to be linked more closely to improved knowledge of the organization of the relevant oral gesture
Effect of economic growth on CO2 emission in developing countries: Evidence from a dynamic panel threshold model

Abstract This study investigated the effect of economic growth on CO2 emission using the dynamic panel threshold framework. The analysis is based on data from a panel of 31 developing countries. The results indicate that economic growth has negative effect on CO2 emission in the low growth regime but positive effect in the high growth regime with the marginal effect being higher in the high growth regime. Thus our finding provides no support for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis; rather a U-shaped relationship is established. Energy consumption and population were also found to exert positive and significant effect on CO2 emission. Including financial development indicator in the model did not change the conclusion about EKC hypothesis. Employing panel causality methods, there is evidence of significant causal relationship between CO2 emission, economic growth, energy consumption and financial development. The findings emphasize the need for transformation of low carbon technologies aimed at reducing emissions and sustainable economic growth. This may include energy efficiency and switch away from non-renewable energy to renewable energy.
Neoplastic Non-Angiogenic Growth by Means of Vascular Co-Option

The creation of the term angiogenesis goes back to 1787 [1] and the role of vessels in cancer has being studied since. In 1971 Folkman [2] introduced the hypothesis, until now widely accepted, that tumour growth is angiogenesis dependent [3]. However, the discovery that cancer can also grow without angiogenesis, by co-opting pre-existing vessels both in humans [4-7] and in mice [8] has demonstrated that this is not always the case. The observation that cancer cells can exploit pre-existing vessels provides a new aspect of the interaction between host and tumors, sheds new light on the biology of the latter and has implications for resistance to antiangiogenic drugs and development of new vascular targeting strategies.
Effects of Animation on Multi-Level Learning Outcomes for Learners with Different Characteristics: A Meta-Analytic Assessment and Interpretation

Abstract This meta-analytic research assesses the effectiveness of animation in facilitating multi-level learning (factual knowledge, comprehension, and application) by summarizing the findings of 34 published experimental studies that involved 13,515 participants. All studies compared animation with static graphics in an instructional setting. Two hundred eighty one effect sizes were generated. Results indicated that generally animation has a small positive effect on facilitating multi-level learning. Results also indicated that animation is not equally effective for different levels of learning. This study provides the foundation for hypothesis generation related to future design and development and the instructional use of animations.
Methods of measurement of milk yield and composition in nursing mares: a review

This review describes and analyses the most commonly used methods of estimating milk yield of nursing mares : milking without or with oxytocin injection, weighing the foal before and after suckling, dilution of labelled water in foal body water : milking only does not appear to constitute an accurate method. Weighing before and after suckling requires numerous measurements, due to the foal's frequent sucks. Foal body water dilution does not disturb the mother-offspring relationships, but can only be used when -milkis the sole water source for the foal. Conditions of sampling and analysis for milk composition in nursing mares are described; incomplete milking (without oxytocin injection) involves a bias regarding milk fat content because milking is unusual. An oxytocin injection allows evaluation of the composition of secreted milk. The period of mare-foal separation should be short and close to the natural interval between sucks. Milk analysis should take into aceount the composition of mare milk fat and protein; infrared spectrophotometry should be calibrated for mare's milk. Some of the differences in the Iiterature on milk secretion data can probably be explained by the methods of measurement of milk yield and composition.
Evaluation of lipid peroxidation associated with three anesthetic protocols in dogs

L'Etude a consiste a evaluer le stress oxydatif induit lors de trois protocoles d'anesthesie differents, en mesurant les concentrations plasmatiques en malondialdehyde (MDA) avant, pendant et apres l'anesthesie chez le chien. 24 chiens croises (poids moyen 17.4′2.7 kg) ont ete repartis en 4 groupes de 6 animaux, dont un groupe temoin. Dans le groupe I, les animaux ont ete premediques au sulfate d'atropine (0.02 mg.kg-1, SC) et au maleate d'acepromazine (0.1 mg.kg - 1 , IM), induits au thiopental sodique (10 - 1 IV) et maintenus avec de l'halothane (2.5-3 vol%). Le groupe II a recu les memes agents pour la premedication et l'induction mais l'anesthesie a ete conduite au citrate de fentanyl (0.01 mg.kg - 1 , IV) et une ventilation controlee. Les animaux du groupe III ont recu la meme premedication suivie d'une anesthesie epidurale lombo-sacree a l'aide d'une solution de lidocaine a 2% (0.3 mL.kg - 1 ). Ceux du groupe IV n'ont recu aucune medication ; des echantillons de sang ont ete preleves aux memes echeances que les animaux des trois autres groupes. Les echantillons de sang veineux ont ete utilises pour mesurer la concentration de MDA dans les conditions suivantes: avant l'anesthesie (ligne de base), lors de la premedication (30 minutes), durant la phase d'anesthesie profonde (120 minutes), a la fin de l'anesthesie (140 minutes) et le jour suivant (24 heures). La pression sanguine et la temperature centrale ont ete mesurees a chaque fois par des techniques indirectes. L'anesthesie a l'halothane entraine une augmentation statistiquement significative des concentrations sanguines de MDA a 120 minutes (2.06 ′ 0.1 μmol.l-1; p<0.05) et 24 heures (2.20 ′ 0.19 μmol.l-1; p<0.01) par rapport aux concentrations de base mesurees avant l'induction (1.61 ′ 0.04 μmol L-1; p<0.05), et par rapport aux divers protocoles (anesthesie epidurale, temoin). Aucune autre modification n'a ete retrouvee dans les autres groupes. Cela confirme qu'une anesthesie a l'halothane induit un stress oxydatif qui ne se retrouve pas avec les autres techniques anesthesiques utilisees dans cette etude.
Teacher Quality and Student Inequality

This paper uses 11 years of administrative data from North Carolina public high schools to examine the extent to which the allocation of teachers within and across public high schools is contributing to inequality in student test score performance. The existence of nearly 3,500 teacher transfers allows separate identification of each teacher’s quality from other school-level factors. I find that teaching quality is fairly equitably distributed both within and across high schools: students among the bottom (top) decile of a student background index are taught by teachers who are, on average, at the 41st (57th) percentile of the value-added distribution.
Physiological responses of rice cultivars exposed to different temperatures and flood depths in a water seeded system

Temperature and flood depths influence the growth and development of irrigated rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial response of two rice genotypes on oxidative stress, growth and nitrogen accumulation of rice seedlings under different temperatures and flood depths in a water seeded system. The study was conducted in 2012 using a phytotron chamber. Treatments were a combination of two air temperatures regimes (17 and 20 degreesC), two rice genotypes (IRGA 425 and Epagri114) and three flood dephs (1, 5 and 9 cm). The results showed that temperature affected seedling performance, with greater dry mass for roots and shoots, as well as greater nitrogen accumulation at 20 degreesC at a flood depth of 1 cm for both genotypes. The H2O2 concentration in the root increased with increasing flood depth, with a significantly greater increase for the 114 Epagri genotype. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) varied depending on the genotype, with SOD being the most expressive, increasing its activity with increasing flood depth. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased significantly with increasing flood depth, with less interference for IRGA 425. Temperature and flood depth affected nitrogen absorption, dry matter accumulation and oxidative stress in rice seedlings in the system tested. The lowest stresses were observed in rice plants subjected to the flood depth of 1 cm at 20 degreesC, and cultivar IRGA 425 was more tolerant to increased depth of water when compared to cultivar Epagri 114.
Ice flow modelling to constrain the surface mass balance and ice discharge of San Rafael Glacier, Northern Patagonia Icefield

ABSTRACT We simulate the ice dynamics of the San Rafael Glacier (SRG) in the Northern Patagonia Icefield (46.7°S, 73.5°W), using glacier geometry obtained by airborne gravity measurements. The full-Stokes ice flow model (Elmer/Ice) is initialized using an inverse method to infer the basal friction coefficient from a satellite-derived surface velocity mosaic. The high surface velocities (7.6 km a−1) near the glacier front are explained by low basal shear stresses (<25 kPa). The modelling results suggest that 98% of the surface velocities are due to basal sliding in the fast-flowing glacier tongue (>1 km a−1). We force the model using different surface mass-balance scenarios taken or adapted from previous studies and geodetic elevation changes between 2000 and 2012. Our results suggest that previous estimates of average surface mass balance over the entire glacier (Ḃ) were likely too high, mainly due to an overestimation in the accumulation area. We propose that most of SRG imbalance is due to the large ice discharge (−0.83 ± 0.08 Gt a−1) and a slightly positive Ḃ (0.08 ± 0.06 Gt a−1). The committed mass-loss estimate over the next century is −0.34 ± 0.03 Gt a−1. This study demonstrates that surface mass-balance estimates and glacier wastage projections can be improved using a physically based ice flow model.