Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Working Memory, Short-Term Memory, and Reading Disabilities

The purpose of the present study was to synthesize research that compares children with and without reading disabilities (RD) on measures of short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM). Across a broad age, reading, and IQ range, 578 effect sizes (ESs) were computed, yielding a mean ES across studies of —. 89 (SD = 1.03). A total of 257 ESs were in the moderate range for STM measures (M = —.61, 95% confidence range of —.65 to —.58), and 320 ESs were in the moderate range for WM measures (M = —.67, 95% confidence range of —.68 to —.64). The results indicated that children with RD were distinctively disadvantaged compared with average readers on (a) STM measures requiring the recall of phonemes and digit sequences and (b) WM measures requiring the simultaneous processing and storage of digits within sentence sequences and final words from unrelated sentences. No significant moderating effects emerged for age, IQ, or reading level on memory ESs. The findings indicated that domain-specific STM and WM differences between ability groups persisted across age, suggesting that a verbal deficit model that fails to efficiently draw resources from both a phonological and executive system underlies RD.
Robust performance analysis with LMI-based methods for real parametric uncertainty via parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

Robust performance analysis for linear time-invariant systems with linear fractional transformation real parametric uncertainty is considered. New conditions of robust stability/performance based on parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions are proposed. The robust stability/performance measures are: robust pole location, robust H/sub /spl infin// performance and robust H/sub 2/ performance. Linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based sufficient conditions for the existence of parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions are derived by using the quadratic separation concept. The performances of the proposed conditions are compared with existing tests.
[Till death us do part].

What do you do to start reading til death us do part? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this til death us do part.
Dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens during consummatory phases of oral ethanol self-administration.

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND This present study was designed to clarify the role of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens during operant ethanol self-administration by separating bar pressing (ethanol seeking) from ethanol consumption. Furthermore, we sought to define the relationship between ethanol in the brain and the accumbal dopamine response after oral self-administration of ethanol. METHODS Two separate groups of male Long-Evans rats were trained to bar press with 10% ethanol or water. Rats were trained to elicit an escalating number of bar presses across daily sessions before gaining access to the drinking solution for 20 min. Microdialysis was performed before (during a waiting period), during, and after bar pressing and drinking. A handling control group was included, but did not receive training. RESULTS A significant increase in dopamine occurred during placement of the rats into the operant chamber in trained rats and handling controls. The lever-pressing period did not produce an increase in dialysate dopamine. Accumbal dopamine was increased in the first 5 min of ethanol, but not water, consumption. Ethanol appeared in the dialysate sample following ethanol availability, and peak concentrations were reached at 10 min. Most of the ethanol and water consumption occurred within 5 min of fluid access. The probes were distributed in the core (32%), shell (32%), and core plus shell (36%) regions of the nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS The enhancement of dopamine during transfer into the operant chamber does not depend on anticipation or operant training with ethanol or water reinforcement. Furthermore, the difference between the time course of accumbal dopamine and ethanol in dialysates suggests that the dopamine response is not solely due to pharmacological effects of ethanol. The dopamine response may be associated with the stimulus properties of ethanol presentation, which would be strongest during consumption.
Ocean acidification and marine trace gas emissions

The oceanic uptake of man-made CO2 emissions is resulting in a measureable decrease in the pH of the surface oceans, a process which is predicted to have severe consequences for marine biological and biogeochemical processes [Caldeira K, Wickett ME (2003) Nature 425:365; The Royal Society (2005) Policy Document 12/05 (Royal Society, London)]. Here, we describe results showing how a doubling of current atmospheric CO2 affects the production of a suite of atmospherically important marine trace gases. Two CO2 treatments were used during a mesocosm CO2 perturbation experiment in a Norwegian fjord (present day: ∼380 ppmv and year 2100: ∼750 ppmv), and phytoplankton blooms were stimulated by the addition of nutrients. Seawater trace gas concentrations were monitored over the growth and decline of the blooms, revealing that concentrations of methyl iodide and dimethylsulfide were significantly reduced under high CO2. Additionally, large reductions in concentrations of other iodocarbons were observed. The response of bromocarbons to high CO2 was less clear cut. Further research is now required to understand how ocean acidification might impact on global marine trace gas fluxes and how these impacts might feed through to changes in the earth's future climate and atmospheric chemistry.
Self-Reported Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

Abstract Anxiety may be more transient in children and adolescents than in adults. The present study involves a longitudinal design enabling the investigation of the continuity/discontinuity of self-reported anxiety in children and adolescents. A sample of 68 children was followed over 3 years. Results indicate that, on the whole, self-reported anxiety decreased over time. This was true for overall anxiety and its sub-types, with the exception of social concerns/concentration, which did not decrease over time. Consistent with past research involving normal fear, girls and younger children were found to score higher on anxiety than boys and older children did. However, those groups scoring higher at inception also demonstrated the most marked decreases over the 3-year period. In addition to the changes found over time, the data indicated continuity in anxiety such that levels of anxiety at inception were significant predictors of follow-up anxiety, although only a small amount of variance was shared. The authors concluded that adult models of anxiety cannot be applied to youth and that future research should investigate the contribution of contextual factors to the development of anxiety in children.
Tranexamic Acid and Total Knee Arthroplasty Phuc (

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most commonly performed elective orthopaedic procedures in the United States [1]. By 2030, the number is estimated to grow by 673% to 3.48 million TKAs performed a year [1]. TKA provides significant pain relief and improvement in quality of life [2]. However TKA surgery is not without complications. Of note is the risk of bleeding and requirement for transfusion. TKA surgery has been shown to have significant blood loss that sometimes requires blood transfusions [3-5]. Bleeding during total knee arthroplasty can be from different factors such as patient characteristics (hemophiliac, anticoagulation, cirrhosis, etc.) and surgical technique (bone cuts, soft tissues dissection, blood vessel injury). In some studies, transfusion rate after TKA has been as high as 30% [4]. Transfusion of blood products is not a benign procedure and is associated with many possible risks such as infection, acute systemic reactions, and death [6]. Transfusions also increase rehabilitation time and lengthen hospital stay and cost for the patient and payers [7,8]. Therefore, controlling blood loss during and after surgery is an important goal in order to achieve good results in TKA. One such method is to use tranexamic acid during TKA surgery.
Magnetization of mesoscopic copper rings: Evidence for persistent currents.

We have measured the low-temperature magnetization response of ${10}^{7}$ isolated mesoscopic copper rings to a slowly varying magnetic flux. At sufficiently low temperature, the total magnetization response oscillates as a function of the enclosed magnetic flux on the scale of half of a flux quantum. The amplitude of the oscillatory moment is \ensuremath{\approxeq}1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}15}$ ${\mathrm{Am}}^{2}$ and decreases exponentially with increasing temperature on the scale of the correlation energy ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{c}}$=hD/(2L${)}^{2}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}80 mK. This is evidence for a flux-periodic persistent current in each ring of average value 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$e${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathit{F}}$/L.
Food Stamp Benefits and Child Poverty

In 2000, 8.8 million children lived in households participating in the Food Stamp Program, making this assistance program a crucial component of the social safety net. Despite its importance, little research has examined food stamps' effect on children's overall well-being. Using the Current Population Survey from 1989 to 2001, we consider the impact of food stamps on three measures of poverty—the headcount, the poverty gap, and the squared poverty gap. We find that in comparison to the headcount measure, food stamp benefits lead to large reductions in the poverty gap and squared poverty gap measures. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
Coefficient bounds for new subclasses of bi-univalent functions

In the present investigation, we consider two new subclasses N_{\Sigma}^{\mu}({\alpha},{\lambda}) and N_{\Sigma}^{\mu}({\beta},{\lambda}) of bi-univalent functions defined in the open unit disk U={z:|z|<1}. Besides, we find upper bounds for the second and third coefficients for functions in these new subclasses.
EKF-based in-hand object localization from joint position and torque measurements

The ability to manipulate objects is the primary purpose of any robotic hand. However, when executing a grasp, the object and fingers rarely move exactly as planned. These unobserved deviations in the pose of the object or the contact configuration can make it impossible to solve a given task. In this paper, we presents a new approach to estimate the state of the grasp using only position and torque measurements from the joints of the hand. Based on the popular extended Kalman filter framework, the algorithm estimates the pose of the manipulated object, as well as the contact forces and positions on the surface of the object. It is able to reliably detect new and the loss of contacts and to incorporate this information in the estimation filter. The validity of this new method is shown in different grasp and manipulation tasks using David, a humanoid platform of DLR.
Lessons Learned In Implementing Agile Software Development Metrics

The conventional software metrics are not directly adaptable to agile approach due to their intrinsic differences in the focus, goals and process of software development. Subsequently, this paper examines the current state of agile-metrics initiatives in a specific product line of a multinational technology company. Using qualitative interviews based data from five stakeholders the study examines adoption of metrics and as a result provides concrete recommendations toward agile-metrics initiative in the case company.
The silent period of sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

The behavior of single sympathetic preganglionic neurons, during and after repetitive antidromic driving, was studied with extracellular microelectrodes in the cat's spinal cord. It was found that repetitive antidromic excitation of spontaneously active units could produce a subsequent, long-lasting inactivity or "silent period". A similar silent period could be produced by antidromic excitation of units in the acutely isolated and deafferentated, upper thoracic, spinal cord. It occurred whenever the neuron soma had been involved in high-frequency activity. It is concluded that the silent period of sympathetic preganglionic neurons is generated in the spinal cord and is due to accumulation of post-activation depression by the cell bodies of the affected units.
Real-time RT-PCR for the detection and quantitative analysis of equine rhinitis viruses.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Equine rhinitis viruses (ERV) cause respiratory disease and loss of performance in horses. It has been suggested that the economic significance of these viruses may have been underestimated due to insensitive methods of detection. OBJECTIVES To develop a sensitive, rapid, real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay suitable for the routine diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of the A and B variants of ERV. METHODS TaqMan primer probe sets for ERAV and ERBV were designed from conserved regions of the 5' UTR of the ERV genome. Over 400 samples from both clinically affected and asymptomatic horses were employed for validation of the assays. ERAV samples positive by rRT-PCR were verified by virus isolation and ERBV positive samples were verified by rRT-PCR using a different set of primers. RESULTS The detection limit of the rRT-PCR for both viruses was 10-100 genome copies. Of 250 archival nasal swabs submitted for diagnostic testing over a 7 year period, 29 were ERAV positive and 3 were ERBV positive with an average incidence rate per year of 10 and 1.5%, respectively. There was evidence of co-circulation of ERAV and ERBV with equine influenza virus (EIV). Of 100 post race urine samples tested, 29 were ERAV positive by rRT-PCR. Partial sequencing of 2 ERBV positive samples demonstrated that one was 100% identical to ERBV1 from a 270 bp sequence and the other was more closely related to ERBV2 than ERBV1 (95% compared to 90% nucleotide identity in 178 bp). CONCLUSIONS The rRT-PCR assays described here are specific and more sensitive than virus isolation. They have good reproducibility and are suitable for the routine diagnosis of ERAV and ERBV. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE These assays should be useful for investigating the temporal association between clinical signs and rhinitis virus shedding.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Fortified Biscuits as a Nutritional Supplement for Zinc Deficient Rats

Zinc deficiency is a global nutritional disorder affecting majority of healthy people rather than those suffering from chronic diseases, affects about one third of people around the worldand thereby causing clinical manifestations. This work represents new modality to increase the intestinal absorptivity and bioavailability of zinc from the diet by replacing traditional bulk form by zinc nanoparticles to be used in preparations of zinc fortified biscuits as a nutritional supplement for zinc deficiency disease in rats. Zinc oxide nanoparticles of 25 ± 5 nm sizes were synthesized by co-precipitation approach and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction. Zinc deficient rats model was performed by nourishing on zinc deficient diet for five weeks to acquire zinc deficiency. Three levels nano zinc oxide Fortified Biscuits (13.5 ppm, 27 ppm and 54 ppm) were prepared to be compared with bulk form of zinc oxide. Results showed that, rapid enhancement of body growth rate, appetite and hair growth was recorded for nano zinc treated groups that might be attributed to the increased intestinal absorptivity and bioavailability of the nano scaled zinc oxide as a result of its ultra-small sizes compared to the regular bulky zinc oxide form. The toxicological evaluation of the applied nano zinc oxide concentrations didn’t cause any apparent toxicity and the lethal dose (LD50) cannot be established within the applied doses, where no mortality during the designed experiment period. Histopathological examination support the capability of the nano zinc oxide formulation to replace the traditional bulk forms of oral zinc supplements for rapid and efficient recovery with no significant histopathological abnormalities in Liver, Kidneys and Testis. The present work recommend dose of 13.5 ppm nano zinc fortified biscuits for managing mild zinc deficiency and the dose of 27 ppm for more sever conditions.
Circumcision and urinary tract infection in infants.

Sir . —Among 182 febrile infants less than 3 months of age, Krober and colleagues 1 found 20 cases of urinary tract infection (UTI). 1 In their study, UTI was more common in male infants (14/20), especially uncircumcised ones (12/14, 86%). Wiswell et al 2 also reported a decreased incidence of UTI in circumcised male infants in the first eight months of life. 2 In a study of Jewish infants with fever in the first month of life, we have found that of 47 febrile infants, eight (17%) suffered from UTI. 3 Urinary tract infection was diagnosed only by suprapubic aspiration of the bladder contents. All of the infants were male, and UTI appeared a few days after circumcision (range, one to ten days). Intravenous pyelograms were obtained in all eight infants and in three disclosed anomalies of the urinary tract. Circumcision may prevent UTI due to phimosis and rectal contamination
Dynamic service selection games in heterogeneous small cell networks with multiple providers

The strategic deployment of small cells, overlaid on existing wireless infrastructure is foreseen as a key technologies enabling wireless operators to offer a plethora of innovative technologies to their customers. This, in turn, introduces novel technical challenges arising from the selfish behavior of the customers who ultimately seek to select their preferred wireless service while optimizing the quality-price trade-off of this choice. Consequently, wireless providers have to select the optimal pricing policies which maximize their revenues while anticipating the customers' behavior. In this paper, we provide a game-theoretic model suitable for modeling and analyzing the complex interactions between providers and customers in heterogeneous wireless networks. The proposed game is based on a hybrid model that combines a Stackelberg formulation in which the service provider acts as a leader and the customers, acting as followers, engage in a non-cooperative Wardrop game. For the customers' game, we show the existence and give the analytic expression of the Wardrop equilibria irrespective of the number of providers, services offered and quality of services functions. Then, we propose and study different best response based dynamics at the customers' level. We show that these dynamics converge to the equilibrium if only a portion of the customers are allowed to change strategy at each instant. For characterizing the equilibrium of the Stackelberg game, we propose a novel distributed algorithm that can be adopted by the providers and customers in a practical network. Numerical results show that providers are able to reasonably predict the customers' behavior by evaluating the outcome of the so called Krasnoselskij algorithm, and, subsequently optimize their price.
Monozygotic twins are discordant for chronic periodontitis: clinical and bacteriological findings.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess, in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs in whom the proband of the twin pair was suffering from moderate to severe chronic periodontitis, the contribution of genetics, periodontal pathogens and lifestyle factors towards the clinical phenotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, 18 adult twin pairs were selected on the basis of interproximal attachment loss (AL) >or=5 mm in >or=2 non-adjacent teeth in one twin member. The study included 10 MZ and eight DZ twin pairs, in whom the periodontal condition, presence of periodontal pathogens, educational level, smoking behaviour and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. RESULTS Both MZ and DZ twins were discordant regarding AL and alveolar bone loss. Discordance was greater in DZ compared with MZ twins. In MZ twins, the discordance could not be explained by education, smoking, BMI and periodontal pathogens. In DZ twins, 45.6% of the discordance could be explained by more pack-years of the probands. CONCLUSION The results confirm a possible role of genetic factors in periodontitis. However, the magnitude of the genetic effects on disease severity may have been overestimated previously.
Carnitine Content and Expression of Mitochondrial β-Oxidation Enzymes in Placentas of Wild-Type (OCTN2+/+) and OCTN2 Null (OCTN2−/−) Mice

Placenta requires energy to support its rapid growth, maturation, and transport function. Fatty acids are used as energy substrates in placenta, but little is known about the role played by carnitine in this process. We have investigated the role of carnitine in the expression of the enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation in placenta of OCTN2−/− mice with defective carnitine transporter (OCTN2). Heterozygous (OCTN2+/−) female mice were mated with heterozygous (OCTN2+/−) male mice. Pregnant mice were killed and fetuses and placentas were collected. Carnitine was measured using HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect enzyme expression. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically. The fetal and placental weights were similar among the three genotypes (OCTN2+/+, OCTN2+/−, and OCTN2−/−). The levels of carnitine were markedly reduced (<20%) in homozygous OCTN2−/− null fetuses and placentas compared with wild-type OCTN2+/+ controls. However, carnitine concentration in placenta was 2- to 7-fold higher than in the fetus in all three genotypes. Immunohistochemistry revealed that β-oxidation enzymes are expressed in trophoblast cells. Catalytic activities of these enzymes were present at comparable levels in wild-type (OCTN2+/+) and homozygous (OCTN2−/−) mouse placentas, with the exception of SCHAD, for which activity was significantly higher in OCTN2−/− placentas than in OCTN2+/+ placentas. These data show that placental OCTN2 is obligatory for accumulation of carnitine in placenta and fetus, that fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes are expressed in placenta, and that reduced carnitine levels up-regulate the expression of SCHAD in placenta.
The ESPAD Study: implications for prevention

The European Schools Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) was concerned with the substance use, beliefs, attitudes and risk factors among over 50,000 16-year-olds in 26 European countries. Based on this data, the present paper focuses on critical issues in prevention and uses a country-level analysis with focus on the extent that contextual and cultural factors interact with factors influencing the use of alcohol and other drugs. The results indicate that: (i) an emphasis on risks and dangers may be a poor prevention strategy since many young people do not believe the widely accepted dangers of certain forms of substance use (e.g. cigarette smoking); (ii) misperception of norms in relation to substance use, that is, the belief that use of alcohol and other drugs is more common than it actually is, emerged in most countries with the exception of Nordic countries; (iii) the correlation between perceived access to substances and actual use depended on the substance involved; correlations were strongest.