Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Picoalgae in Danish coastal waters during summer stratification

The abundance and relative importance of picoalgae (autotrophic picoplankton, APP) were surveyed in Danish marine waters during summer stratification to test the hypothesis of high APP importance under oligotrophy. A picoalgal community dominated by Synechococcus was found at 28 of 29 stations visited. Abundance in the mixed surface layers ranged from 6 X lo6 cells 1-I in the eutrophic German Bight to 4.5 X lo8 cells l1 in the Baltic. Differences in cell sizes among different areas were also found. Total APP biovolumes and < 2 pm fractionated chlorophyll concentrations showed no relationship; consequently the APP biomass as indicated by chlorophyll was calculated from the bio- volume estimates. High relative APP importance was negatively related to total chlorophyll, A power function with an exponent close to -1 showed the best model of the relative importance. However, an analysis of the APP chlorophyll values in the mixed surface waters showed a constant biomass of 0.5 to 0.6 pg chl 11, although with a trend for higher values in the Baltic and lower values in the German Bight. Thus, picoalgal biomass could be considered constant over the entire range of total chlorophyll, and increases in total autotrophic biomass were mainly due to increases in the nanoplankton
Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Political Participation of Iranian Women

Political participation as one of the various types of participation is considered as an indicator of social and political development in a country. Political participation of women as a substantial portion of the population of developing countries is particularly important for political stability and vitality of the society. The purpose of this article is to compare the relationship between social capital and political participation of Iranian women. Survey method was employed here for collecting and analyzing data. Research population included all women (with literacy level no less than primary education) of the city of Isfahan in September and October 2011. The sample included 288 people who were selected by cluster-sampling. For data collection, questionnaires were used whose validity was evaluated using formal method, and their reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α) and data were analyzed using SPSS16 and AMOS18 in Windows. Results revealed that meaningful correlations exist between aspects of social capital and the degree and manner of the political participation of the participants.
Social Media Induced Technostress and its Impact on Internet Addiction: A Distraction-conflict Theory Perspective

Using social media is the most common activity on the Internet, and much research has examined the phenomenon. While the current literature focuses on the positives of using social media, there is a comparative lack of research on its negative effects, especially in the context of the workplace. Research has identified one critical negative impact of contemporary technology as technostress, which refers to stress induced by information and communication technologies. In this paper, we apply distraction-conflict theory (DCT) to the literature on social media, technostress, and addiction to theorize that one can view social media in the workplace as a distraction conflict, which, in turn, can induce technostress and, subsequently, Internet addiction. To test this theoretical model, we conducted a survey on 1731 participants recruited from Mechanical Turk. The survey examined the similarities and differences between two popular social media platforms: Facebook and YouTube. Overall, the results provide support for positive associations between the distraction felt from social media and social media-induced technostress and between social mediainduced technostress and Internet addiction. While Facebook and YouTube have similarities, we found notable differences as well. This study contributes to the IS field by using DCT as a novel and valuable lens through which researchers and practitioners can think about the negative effects of using social media at work. The paper also offers insight into implications for research, practice, and future research areas.
Accent Type and Givenness: An Exp Visual Prim

In this paper we address the question of whether the intonational marking of discourse referents in German varies according to their degree of activation. We distinguish three activation states corresponding to given, accessible, and new information (cf.[1]). In a perception experiment using synthesised sentences as auditory and drawings as visual primes, we investigated the effect of the mode of presentation on a referent’s assumed activation state and the appropriateness of three different accent patterns for the marking of different activation states. Our results show differences in the priming effect on the activation state for the two modes of presentation: Auditorily primed referents seem to be activated to a higher degree than visually primed ones. Furthermore, it could be shown that the type of nuclear accent is a relevant cue for the perception of different degrees of givenness.
Energy's role in the extraversion (dis)advantage: How energy ties and task conflict help clarify the relationship between extraversion and proactive performance

While academic and practitioner literatures have proposed that extraverts are at an advantage in team-based work, it remains unclear exactly what that advantage might be, how extraverts attain such an advantage, and under which conditions. Theory highlighting the importance of energy in the coordination of team efforts helps to answer these questions. We propose that extraverted individuals are able to develop more energizing relationships with their teammates and as a result are seen as proactively contributing to their team. However, problems in coordination (i.e., team task conflict) can reverse this extraversion advantage. We studied 27 project-based teams at their formation, peak performance, and after disbandment. Results suggest that when team task conflict is low, extraverts energize their teammates and are viewed by others as proactively contributing to the team. However, when team task conflict is high, extraverts develop energizing relationships with fewer of their teammates and are not viewed as proactively contributing to the team. Our findings regarding energizing relationships and team task conflict clarify why extraversion is related to proactive performance and in what way, how, and when extraverts may be at a (dis)advantage in team-based work.
THE IMPACTS OF INFORMATION SHARING AND LOWER-TIER SUPPLIER SELECTION PROCESS ON THREE KEY ELEMENTS OF LOWER-TIER SUPPLIER VISIBILITY OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impacts of information sharing and lower-tier supplier selection processes on three key elements of lower-tier supplier visibility objectives. Data was collected from a survey of 74 companies and through interviews with 19 industry executives from 15 companies. The analyses of the data show that both the information sharing and lower-tier supplier selection process/approaches are correlated with three key elements of lower-tier supplier visibility objectives, namely: relationships with lower-tiers, lower-tier risks, and lower-tier performance. The analyses also show that most of the information sharing processes/activities and lower-tier supplier-selection approaches are considered to be important by company executives surveyed and interviewed.
Phylogenetic Reconstruction Among Species of Chiritopsis and Chirita Sect. Gibbosaccus (Gesneriaceae) Based on nrDNA Its and cpDNA trnl-F Sequences

Abstract Sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear DNA (ITS) and the trnL-F regions of chloroplast DNA for fifteen species of Chirita and seven species of Chiritopsis were used to assess phylogenetic relationships between Chiritopsis and Chirita section Gibbosaccus. Parsimony and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses were conducted using separate nuclear and chloroplast data sets, as well as a combined data set. Phylogenetic trees resulting from separate analyses proved highly congruent and the combined analysis of the two data sets produced a well-supported topology of the species and sections examined. Section Gibbosaccus proved paraphyletic and Chiritopsis polyphyletic in all analyses. Our results provide evidence that the species of Chiritopsis are embedded in section Gibbosaccus and were derived at least twice from within section Gibbosaccus. Finally, we reconsider the morphological evolution and adaptation between and within the two genera. The present analyses indicate that nomenclatural changes will be needed to reflect more accurately relationships in the Gibbosaccus-Chiritopsis complex. Only about 10% of the species in Chirita have been sampled and further data are required before any taxonomic changes can be suggested.
Analyzing Spatial Diversity in Distributed Radar Networks

We introduce the notion of diversity order as a performance measure for distributed radar systems. We define the diversity order of a radar network as the slope of the probability of detection (PD) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curve evaluated at PD = 0.5. We prove that the diversity order of both joint detection and optimal binary detection grows as √ K, K being the number of widely distributed sensors. This result shows that the communication bandwidth between the sensors and the fusion center does not affect the asymptotic growth in diversity order. We also prove that, amongst fixed decision rules, the OR rule leads to the best performance and its corresponding diversity order only grows as (log K). Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) systems depend to a great extend on geometry, and we introduce the notion of a random radar network in order to study the effect of geometry on overall system performance. We first approximate the distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at each sensor by an exponential distribution, and we derive the corresponding moments for a specific system model. We extend this analysis to multistatic systems and prove that each sensor should individually be large enough to cancel the interference so that the system exploits the available spatial diversity.
Effect of Operating Conditions on PAHs Emission from a Single H 2O 2 PEM Fuel Cell

This study investigates the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a single hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) under different flowrates, temperatures, sampling periods, and membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs). The results show that Nap, PA, BeP, FL, Pyr, BbC, Ant, and Flu were dominant in anode and cathode emissions of the single PEMFC under different operating conditions. The emission concentrations of Total-PAHs and Total-BaP equivalent carcinogenic potency (BaPeq) were lower from the anode than from the cathode emission. Moreover, the concentrations of molecular-weight (MW) classified PAHs were in the order low (L) MM> high (H) MW> middle (M) MW-PAHs. When the anode/cathode gas flowrates were greater or smaller than 52/35 sccm but at the same sampling volume, the emission concentrations of Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq increased. The concentration of Total-PAHs decreased but the mass of Total-PAHs increased with the increase of sampling time. However, 64% and 82% of PAH mass were emitted within 12 and 24 h, respectively, based on 36 h sampling at anode/cathode gas flowrates = 52/35 sccm. The concentrations of Total-PAHs or Total-BaPeq of anode or cathode emission were slightly higher at 90°C than at 65°C. The performances of commercial MEAs were in the order SGL < E-TEK < GORE. Nevertheless, the concentrations of anode or cathode emission Total-PAHs or Total-BaPeq for the PEMFC using different MEAs followed the order GORE > E-TEK2 > E-TEK > SGL, while the sums of anode and cathode Total-PAHs emission factors varied with the order SGL > E-TEK > E-TEK2 > GORE (13.3 ± 0.55, 11.5 ± 0.21, 7.91 ± 0.47, and 3.17 ± 0.22 μg g-MEA, respectively). When using the (lab-made) E-TEK2 as the MEA of PEMFC, the PAH profiles of anode and cathode emission gases were similar to those of some carbon materials.
Innovation patterns and intellectual property in SMEs of a developing country

Con fundamento en resultados empiricos, este articulo reabre la discusion acerca de la relacion entre propiedad intelectual e innovacion en paises en desarrollo. La propiedad intelectual otorga un monopolio para la explotacion comercial de una innovacion. La expectativa de gozar de un monopolio puede promover la innovacion; sin embargo, una vez establecido el monopolio, este puede desincentivar la difusion de la idea y el desarrollo de innovaciones derivadas de ella. Despues de revisar los terminos del debate en las literaturas clasica y actual, enfocamos nuestra atencion en dos cuestiones empiricas: (1) que patrones de comportamiento frente a la propiedad intelectual coexisten entre las pequenas y medianas empresas de un pais en desarrollo como Colombia y (2) como se relacionan estos patrones con el desempeno innovador de las firmas.
A Critique of Attempts to Introduce Hotelling's rule in Sraffa's Theory

This paper argues that the Hotelling’s rule on the rise of royalties during the exhaustion of exhaustible natural resources cannot be retained within a Sraffian framework. At first, a critic of the major attempts that were developed in this domain is conducted. Then this paper brings forward the evidence that the value theory is changed by adding the Hotelling’s rule and is no longer consistent with Sraffa’s thinking. This paper also offers an alternative interpretation in which the rise of the rent on exhaustible natural resources is only dependent on technical requirements.
Living With Individuals With Severe Mental Disorders Piloting a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Family Members

Living with a person who experiences mental health problems can have an adverse effect on well-being. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychological treatment for relatives of people with mental health problems, byusing an interrupted time-series design. The sample comprised 20 individuals, who completed assessment measures at baseline and 6 months later. Sixteen of these participants then received the treatment and were assessed again at the end of the program. There were no significant changes in outcomes between the baseline and the second assessments done 6 months later and there were significant improvements in well-being following treatment. The program shows promise as a treatment for relatives of people with mental health problems and therefore warrants further evaluation in more controlled studies. 1University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain 2Manchester University, UK Corresponding Author: Karmele Salaberría, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avda. de Tolosa 70, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. Email: mcarmen.salaberria@ehu.es 522057 BMOXXX10.1177/0145445514522057Behavior ModificationPolo-López et al. research-article2014 at Fac.cc. Quimicas de Upv/Ehu on October 10, 2014 bmo.sagepub. com Downloaded from 620 Behavior Modification 38(5)
1 Pre-Olympic Ice-Skaters Training Versus Muscle 2 Fatigability Assessed by sEMG 3

The aim of this study was to investigate the size of the change in fatigability of gluteus 9 maximus muscles during difficult endurance training in dynamic conditions. The research covered 10 involved eight female athletes of the Polish National Team in short track, which had been prepared 11 to the Olympic Games in PyeongChang. The sEMG system was used to measure fatigue of right 12 and left gluteus maximus muscles, in the modified Biering-Sorensen test. The test was conducted 13 five times during the training: before training, after warmup, and after each of 3 series of the 14 endurance training. Comparing the mean frequency of the surface electromyography power 15 spectrum of the first and the last seconds of the test, statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) of the 16 average frequency value of the right muscle from 55.61±7.08 Hz to 48.64±4.48 Hz and left muscle 17 from 58.78±4.98 Hz to 53.18±4.62 Hz was reported. In the conducted Biering-Sorensen test, the value 18 of the muscle signal frequency measured by surface electromyography decreases, which may prove 19 the muscle fatigue. Reductions in the frequency measured in the first and the last second of the test, 20 was higher of the right lower limb. The size of the d Cohen effect in fatigue drops along with 21 subsequent five tests during the training. 22
The Bundestag and German Citizens: More Communication, Growing Distance

This contribution examines how links between citizens and members of the Bundestag have evolved since 1949. The focus is on institutional incentives relating to the electoral system and the rules of procedure in the Bundestag. In addition, new incentives arising from technological developments (especially internet and Web 2.0 applications) are explored regarding their effect on individual parliamentary behaviour vis-à-vis citizens and the Bundestag's ‘corporate’ links with citizens (links not based on electoral incentives in the constituencies and the chamber). In particular, the development of petitions and electronic petitions are assessed. While the evidence presented suggests that Bundestag members have enhanced communication with citizens, this has not halted the decline in popular support for the House. In line with other advanced liberal democracies, trust in parliament is declining as a result of a more critical, less deferential citizenry.
Humoral and Cellular Effects of Stress-An Extensive Model System

The influence of stress on the immune system of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied by measuring leukocytes levels using flow cytometry and mRNA immune components by real time qPCR. Acute and chronic oxidative stresses were generated by different regimes of exposure of carp to environmental air. In acute stress, induced by single air exposure, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6 and TNFα) and the down-regulatory ones (IL10 and TGFβ) showed significant simultaneous elevations (515, 147, 373, 300 and 198% respectively). Following chronic stress (multiple air exposures) however, a drastic decline of 80%, in macrophages/monocytes, B-cells likes and plasma-cells like, occurred in peripheral blood. No statistical changes in IL6 and TNFα, as well as in IgM and C3s mRNA levels could be shown during this experiment. CD4 mRNA decreased up to 6% in the 2nd week of chronic stress and elevated only to 55% at the 3rd week Vs a temporal decline of up to 22% in CD8a mRNA at the 2nd week. The regulatory cytokines (IL10, FoxP3 and TGFβ) as well as the pro-inflammatory ones (IL1β and IL17) decreased significantly up to 0.06, 0.2, 5, 6 and 4% respectively, at the second week before being restored to normal at the 3rd week. Moreover, a persistent decrease, up to null levels, in the cytokines IFNγ2b, IL12b and IL8 was also revealed. These downregulations were suggested as a result of the impaired Th1 and/or cytotoxic cell function and, to a certain degree, the leukocytes mobilization. The above findings show that in contrast to the detrimental effects of chronic stress, in which cells and functions of acquired immunity were partially or completely impaired, the acute stress was found rather beneficial and in line with the known ephemeral “fight and flight” response.
Factors controlling atmospheric methane consumption by temperate forest soils

Over the past 6 years (1988–1993), we have examined the effects of soil temperature, soil moisture, site fertility, and nitrogen fertilization on the consumption of atmospheric CH4 by temperate forest soils located at the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts. We found that soil temperature is an important controller of CH4 consumption at temperatures between −5° and 10°C but had no effect on CH4 consumption at temperatures between 10° and 20°C. Soil moisture exerts strong control on CH4 consumption over a range of 60 to 100% water-filled pore space (% WFPS). As moisture increased from 60 to 100% WFPS, CH4 consumption decreased from 0.1 to 0 mg CH4-C m−2 h−1 because of gas transport limitations. At 20 to 60% WFPS, site fertility was a strong controller of CH4 consumption. High-fertility sites had 2 to 3 times greater CH4 consumption rates than low-fertility sites. Nitrogen-fertilized soils (50 and 150 kg NH4NO3-N ha−1 yr−1 ) had annually averaged CH4 consumption rates that were 15 to 64% lower than annually averaged CH4 consumption by control soils. The decrease in CH4 consumption was related to both the years of application and quantity of nitrogen fertilizer added to these soils.
Selected conditions for endometrial acceptance and preferred forms of psychological asistance

Abstract A study of 41 patients was conducted in order to provide an empirical basis for cooperation between a psychologist and a support group of patients with endometriosis. Our aim was to identify psychological variables which have a connection with the disease’s acceptance. The patients’ ages and duration of their illness were taken into account. We demonstrated that there is a positive relationship in accepting the illness through: perceived control and the ability to reduce pain, a declared ability to cope, a sense of harmony with one’s body, and disclosure of negative emotions - mostly anger and sadness. A significantly negative association was shown for: the disease’s duration, coping style with stress concentrating on the emotions, alienation from the body, and “catastrophizing”. Preference for the form of psychological support was also studied. Most preferred were: physician communication training, and individual consultations with a psychologist. Streszczenie W celu dostarczenia empirycznych podstaw dla programu współpracy psychologa z grupą wsparcia chorych z endometriozą przeprowadzono badanie z udziałem 41 pacjentek. Celem było zidentyfikowanie zmiennych psychologicznych wykazujących związek z poziomem akceptacji tej choroby. Uwzględniono wiek pacjentek i czas trwania choroby. Istotnie pozytywny związek z akceptacją choroby wykazano dla: postrzeganej kontroli i zdolności zmniejszania bólu, deklarowania zdolności do poradzenia sobie, ujawniania emocji negatywnych, w tym głównie gniewu i smutku oraz dla poczucia harmonii z własnym ciałem. Istotnie negatywny związek wykazano dla czasu trwania choroby, stylu radzenia sobie ze stresem skoncentrowanego na emocjach, alienacji wobec ciała i katastrofizowania. Badano także preferencję form wsparcia psychologicznego. Najwyżej preferowanymi okazały się: trening komunikacji z lekarzem i konsultacje indywidualne z psychologiem.
Effect of probiotic bacteria on the survival of acid tolerant nonO 157 Shiga toxin producing E . coli ( STEC ) strains in fermented goat ’ s milk

The ability of goat’s milk fermented with a probiotic, and in combination with commercial starter culture, to inhibit acid adapted (AA) and non-acid adapted (NAA) environmental nonO157 STEC strains was investigated. Acid adapted (AA) and NAA non-O157 STEC strains were not inhibited in the probiotic fermented goat’s milk while the goat’s milk fermented with the combination of probiotic and starter culture inhibited AA more than NAA non-O157 STEC strains. Environmental acid tolerant non-O157 STEC strains were not inhibited by probiotic, starter culture as well as combination; of starter culture with probiotic unless they were subjected to prior acid adaptation such as backslopping.