Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealing the antimicrobial and enzymatic potentials of culturable fungal endophytes from tropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.)

In recent years, fungal endophytes from diverse host species have been extensively studied for valuable compounds (enzymes, antimicrobial compounds). Investigations on fungal endophytes from tropical Nepenthes spp. are however limited, despite hosting a wide range of macro- and microorganisms. In this study, we explored fungal endophytes from N. ampullaria and N. mirabilis for enzymatic and antimicrobial potential. A total of 26 isolates were obtained and they demonstrated a variety of enzymatic activities, mostly producing cellulase, chitinase, lipase and Lasparaginase. These endophytes also have antifungal activity. Sequencing results on 12 selected isolates revealed a diverse endophytic community, comprising mainly of the species complex of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (and its teleomorph Glomerella) (3 isolates), Phomopsis sp. (2 isolates), Trichoderma asperellum, Penicillium simplicissimum and Aspergillus terreus. Several uncommon species were also revealed-Lasiodiplodia, Isaria, Sarcosomataceae and a yeast-like fungi Meyerozyma guilliermondii. We revealed the diversity and the novel profiling of enzymatic and antimicrobial potential of endophytes from Nepenthes.
Dynamics of the Trans-Neptune Region: Apsidal Waves in the Kuiper Belt

The role of apsidal density waves propagating in a primordial trans-Neptune disk (i.e., Kuiper belt) is investigated. It is shown that Neptune launches apsidal waves at its secular resonance near 40 AU that propagate radially outward, deeper into the particle disk. The wavelength of apsidal waves is considerably longer than waves that might be launched at Lindblad resonances, because the pattern speed, gs, resulting from the apsis precesssion of Neptune is much slower than its mean motion, Ωs. If the early Kuiper belt had a sufficient surface density, σ, the disk's wave response to Neptune's secular perturbation would have spread the disturbing torque radially over a collective scale λ* ≈ r(2μd Ω/|r dg/dr|)1/2, where μd ≡ πσr2/(1 M⊙) and Ω(r) and g(r) are respectively the mean motion and precession frequency of the disk particles. This results in considerably smaller eccentricities at resonance than had the disk particles been treated as noninteracting test particles. Consequently, particles are less apt to be excited into planet-crossing orbits, implying that the erosion timescales reported by earlier test-particle simulations of the Kuiper belt may be underestimated. It is also shown that the torque the disk exerts upon the planet (due to its gravitational attraction for the disk's spiral wave pattern) damps the planet's eccentricity and further inhibits the planet's ability to erode the disk.
Seasonal distribution and Condition factor of Clarias gariepinus from polluted Oluwa River , Nigeria

The Condition factor (k) of the Clarias gariepinus species in Oluwa River, Nigeria was done. Samples were collected monthly over a two-year period from July 2010 to June 2012 and were identified using standard method. They were subjected to morphometric studies including determination weightand lengths. Condition factor was calculated in relation to sex and sizes. The mean condition factor for males exhibited a range of 0.81±0.03 – 1.97±0.33 (mean 1.34±0.10) while those of females exhibited a range of 0.64±0.00 – 2.00±0.21 (mean 1.31±0.09)and that for combined sexes ranged from 0.54±0.27 to 1.94±0.11 (mean 1.31±0.10). In relation to total length range (TLR), males had the highest condition factor at 34.00 – 36.90cm while the least was recorded in 70.00-72.90cm range. Females had the highest condition factor in the range 37.0039.90cm and the least at range 70.00-72.90cm. For the combined sexes, highest condition factor was recorded in the TLR 37.00-39.90cm while the least was also recorded in the TLR 70.00-72.90cm. The mean ‘k’ indicated that male fishes were not in good condition in the months of July, August and November. Generally, male fishes and smaller sized fishes were found to be better suited to the environmental condition than the female and bigger fishes.
A Description and Interpretation of the NPGS Birdsfoot Trefoil Core Subset Collection

Systematic evaluations for a range of traits from accessions in National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) core subset collections should assist collection management and enhance germplasm utilization. The objectives of this research were to: (i) evaluate the 48-accession NPGS birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) core subset collection by means of a variety of biochemical, morphological, and agronomic characters; (ii) determine how these characters were distributed among the core subset accessions and associations among plant and ecogeographic characters; (iii) define genetic diversity pools on the basis of descriptor interpretive groups; and (iv) develop a method to utilize the core subset as a reference collection to evaluate newly acquired accessions for their similarity or novelty. Geographic information system (GIS) databases were used to estimate the ecogeography of accession origins. Interpretive groups were constructed to describe the range of core subset descriptor variation by cluster analysis and verified by discriminant analysis. Associations among plant descriptors and with ecogeographic characteristics were determined by Pearson's correlation coefficients or the Mantel Z statistic. The accessions were classified into four distinct genetic diversity pools that were described by plant traits and ecogeographic origins. The core subset used as a reference collection successfully classified three unique accessions not originally included in the core subset. This approach identified germplasm that was different from that present in most North American cultivars and can be used to evaluate future acquisitions. The concepts of interpretive groups, genetic diversity pools, and reference collection comparisons should be applicable for assessing and managing other core subset collections.
COMMON FIXED POINTS FOR TWO COMMUTING SURFACE HOMEOMORPHISMS

Let f and g be orientation-preserving surface homeomorphisms that commute under composition. Conditions are found ensuring that the ﬁxed point set of f contains a ﬁxed or periodic point for g . Proofs are based on Brouwer’s Plane Translation Theorem and the Cartwright-Littlewood Fixed Point Theorem.
Fishery of the spinycheek grouper , Epinephelus diacanthus ( Valenciennes ) , off Calicut along the Malabar Coast

Groupers constitute one of the important demersal resources off Malabar Coast. They contributed to 4 % of the trawl landings with an annual average catch of 2,727 t during 1992 to 2002. Their exploitation has registered a sharp increase with highest catch of over 5,000t in 1996 and 2002. The spiny-cheek grouper, Epinephelus diacanthus formed nearly 90% of the groupers landed. The length weight relationship of the species is Log W = 4.03+2.8203 Log L (r = 0.9899). The fish attained a length of 244,372,439,474 and 492 mm at the completion of 1 to 5 years respectively. L_ is 512 mm and K=0.65 y-'. The natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were found to be 1.16 y-' and 1.75 y-' respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) was higher than the Emax, indicating greater fishing pressure on this species.
Remote and in situ observations of an unusual Earth‐directed coronal mass ejection from multiple viewpoints

[1] During June 16–21, 2010, an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) event was observed by instruments onboard STEREO, SOHO, MESSENGER and Wind. This event was the first direct detection of a rotating CME in the middle and outer corona. Here, we carry out a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the CME in the interplanetary medium comparing in situ and remote observations, with analytical models and three-dimensional reconstructions. In particular, we investigate the parallel and perpendicular cross section expansion of the CME from the corona through the heliosphere up to 1 AU. We use height-time measurements and the Gradual Cylindrical Shell (GCS) technique to model the imaging observations, remove the projection effects, and derive the 3-dimensional extent of the event. Then, we compare the results with in situ analytical Magnetic Cloud (MC) models, and with geometrical predictions from past works. We find that the parallel (along the propagation plane) cross section expansion agrees well with the in situ model and with the Bothmer and Schwenn (1998) empirical relationship based on in situ observations between 0.3 and 1 AU. Our results effectively extend this empirical relationship to about 5 solar radii. The expansion of the perpendicular diameter agrees very well with the in situ results at MESSENGER (∼0.5 AU) but not at 1 AU. We also find a slightly different, from Bothmer and Schwenn (1998), empirical relationship for the perpendicular expansion. More importantly, we find no evidence that the CME undergoes a significant latitudinal over-expansion as it is commonly assumed. Instead, we find evidence that effects due to CME rotation and expansion can be easily confused in the images leading to a severe overestimation of the proper 3D size of the event. Finally, we find that the reconstructions of the CME morphology from the in situ observations at 1 AU are in agreement with the remote sensing observations but they show a big discrepancy at MESSENGER. We attribute this discrepancy to the ambiguity of selecting the proper boundaries due to the lack of accompanying plasma measurements.
How Much Is Too Much? Debt Capacity and Financial Flexibility

We estimate the debt capacity of a firm as the critical debt ratio that causes a downgrade in creditworthiness. Unused debt capacities depict the temporal access to external debt funds and measure a firm's financial flexibility. Firms with high unused debt capacities realize a larger fraction of their investment opportunity set, borrow more often, and issue higher volumes of debt. Firms that have exhausted their debt capacity issue equity or pay down debt when having a financial surplus. These patterns of actively using and restoring unused debt capacities imply that preserving financial flexibility is of first-order importance in corporate finance.
The use of colloquial words in advanced French interlanguage

This article addresses the issue of underrepresentation or avoidance of colloquial words in a cross-sectional corpus of advanced French interlanguage (IL) of 29 Dutch L1 speakers and in a longitudinal corpus of 6 Hiberno-Irish English L1 speakers compared with a control group of 6 native speakers of French. The main independent variable analysed in the longitudinal corpus is the effect of spending a year in a francophone environment. This analysis is supplemented by a separate study of sociobiographical and psychological factors that affect the use of colloquial vocabulary in the cross-sectional corpus. Colloquial words are not exceptionally complex morphologically and present no specific grammatical difficulties, yet they are very rare in our data. Multivariate regression analyses suggest that only active authentic communication in the target language (TL) predicts the use of colloquial lexemes in the cross-sectional corpus. This result was confirmed in the longitudinal corpus where a t-test showed that the proportion of colloquial lexemes increased significantly after a year abroad.
Charity as a signal of trustworthhiness

Charity as a Signal of Trustworthiness Being perceived as trustworthy comes with substantial economic benefits in many situations. Making other people think you are a trustworthy person may, therefore, be an important motive for charity and other forms of prosocial behavior, provided these activities work as signals of trustworthiness. This paper shows that donating money to an NGO substantially raises the other players’ beliefs about the donors’ trustworthiness in a simple trust game. Consequently, donors receive higher transfers. The magnitude of these benefits is substantial. JEL Classification: C72, C92, H41
Network design in games with spillovers

How should an organization be designed in order to provide its members with minimal incentives to defect? And how does the optimal design depend on the type of strategic interaction between defectors and remaining organizational members? This paper addresses such issues in a game theoretic model of cooperation, in which an organization is formally represented by a connected network, and where gains from cooperation are given by a partition function. We show that critical structural features of the organization depend in a clear-cut way on the sign of spillovers. In particular, positive spillovers favor the adoption of dispersed and centralized forms, while negative spillovers favor cohesive and horizontal ones. Moreover, if the organizational form determines all the communication possibilities of members, a highly centralized organization—the star—emerges under positive spillovers, whereas two horizontal architectures—the circle and the complete—emerge under negative spillovers.
Facilitating antidepressant-like actions of estrogens are mediated by 5-HT1A and estrogen receptors in the rat forced swimming test

ee front matter & 2006 syneuen.2006. 05.001 ng author. Departame -Xochimilco 101, Col Sa ess: monesca_71@yaho Summary Previous studies have shown that 17b-estradiol (E2) induces antidepressant-like actions per se and potentiates those produced by fluoxetine (FLX) in the forced swimming test (FST). The aim of the present work was to explore the participation of serotonin 1A receptors (5-HT1A) and estrogen receptors (ERs) in the antidepressant-like actions of E2, FLX or their combination in the FST. Although all antidepressants reduce behavioral immobility, antidepressants that modulate serotonergic neurotransmission increase swimming behavior whereas those that modulate the catecholaminergic neurotransmission increase climbing behavior. Thus, using this animal model, it is possible to infer which neurotransmitter system is modulating the action of an antidepressant compound. Ovariectomized female Wistar rats were used in all experiments. In the first experiment, an effective dose of E2 (10 mg/rat, 48 h) was combined with several doses (0.5, 1.0 and 2mg/kg) of RU 58668 (a pure ER antagonist) 48 h previous to the FST. The second experiment evaluated the action of (1mg/kg, 48 h or 23, 5 and 1 h) WAY 100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist) on the antidepressant-like action of FLX (10mg/kg, 23, 5 and 1 h). In the third experiment, the effect of RU 58668 (2mg/kg, 48) or WAY 100635 (1mg/kg, 48 h) on the antidepressant-like action of the combination of a sub-optimal dose of E2 (2.5mg/rat, 48h) plus a non-effective dose of FLX (2.5mg/kg, 23, 5 and 1 h) was evaluated. The results showed that RU 58668, the antagonist to the ER, canceled the antidepressant-like action of E2 in a dose-dependent manner. The antagonist to the 5-HT1A receptor blocked the antidepressant action of FLX only when administered simultaneously with FLX, i.e. 23, 5 and 1 h before the FST. Finally, the administration of both RU 58668, and WAY100635 canceled the
Individualism and sensitivity of investment to stock prices: evidence from emerging markets

Chui et al. (2010) argue that cultures with high levels of individualism are defined by overconfidence and self-attribution bias. Markus and Kitayama (1991) and Heine et al. (1999) note that these biases lead to less efficient stock prices with excess volatility. Foucault and Frésard (2012) show that sensitivity of investment to stock prices is an increasing function of informativeness of stock prices. They argue that sensitivity of investment to stock prices increase because value-maximizing managers are forced to use all available information to forecast the cash flows of their capital allocation decisions. They argue that information revealed via informative stock prices is new to value maximizing managers. Consequently, these managers incorporate this information in their analysis, thereby increasing sensitivity of investment to informative stock prices. This paper argues that individualism, being a significant determinant of information content in stock prices, can also affect sensitivity of investment to stock prices. Using data from 37 emerging markets, our results show that individualism significantly reduces sensitivity of investment to stock prices during the period between 2008 and 2014. Our results are robust to alternate estimation procedures. Our results also indicate that the effect of individualism on sensitivity of investment to stock prices is more pronounced when investment expenditures are large. Moreover, we also show that the impact of individualism on the sensitivity of investment to stock prices is moderated by the institutional, social, and cultural environment of the country. JEL Classification: G14; G15; G31
Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (OATAO)

Distributed software systems are often built by composing independent and autonomous peers with cross-organisational interaction and no centralised control. These peers can be administrated and executed by geographically distributed and autonomous companies. In a top-down design of distributed software systems, the peers’ interaction is often described by a global speciﬁcation called Conversation Protocol (CP) and one have to check its realisability i.e. , whether there exists a set of peers implementing this CP. In dynamic environments, CP needs to be updated wrt. new environment changes and end-user interaction requirements. This paper tackles CP evolution such that its realisability must be preserved. We deﬁne some evolution patterns and prove that they ensure the realisability. We also show how our proposal can be sup-ported by existing methods and tools based on reﬁnement and theorem proving, using the event-B langage and RODIN development tools. Abstract model describes CP behaviour abstractly that contains only initialisation of communication,
REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY EASTERN LITTLE TUNA Euthynnus affinis IN THE SUNDA STRAIT

Eastern little tuna is small pelagic fish that has high economic value. Fishing effort of the eastern little tuna for the last eight years have also exceeded the optimum level. To ensure the sustainability of the pelagic fish resources, it is necessary to perform the management efforts. This study was to observe reproductive Biology of the eastern little tuna, as one of the necessary information in the management of fishery resources. Fish -samples were collected from the catch of local fishermen in April-August 2015. Based on T test (α = 0,05), the eastern little tuna males and females showed positive allometric growth patterns. Average size of the first time caught fish for the female (308,37 mm) and male (280,63 mm) was smaller than that observed in those first time maturity gonads (ranging 407-408 mm for female and 438-440 mm for male ) . The eastern little tuna spawn gradually or partially (partial spawner), and have high reproductive potential with fecundity ranged 17.814-560.792 eggs (average fecundity: 109.807) in fish of 285-630 mm body length. The gonad maturity level of the eastern Little Tuna is dominated by Gonad maturity level I and II,(immature). The value of gonad maturity for the female level is about 0,0769-0,6879 and the male is 0,1913-0,3000.
Behavioural variations a m o n g strains o f Trichogramma spp . : Adaptabi l i ty to field-temperature condit ions

In order to select a candidate strain of Trichogramrna sp. for inundative releases against lepidopteran pests in cabbage field-crops in the Netherlands, the parasitization activity of a collection of 60 different Trichogramma spp. strains was studied during 2 h and 24 h exposures at 12 ~ C. Activity and parasitism varied significantly among strains and the two characteristics were not correlated, suggesting the action of two differentially temperature-dependent mechanisms influencing both characteristics. Native strains were characterized by a low activity at 12 ~ C, making their usefulness for inundative releases doubtful. In three strains tested at 12, 17, 20, 25 and 30 ~ C, activity increased linearly with temperature, until nearly all females parasitized at 20 or 25 ~ C. Parasitism increased with increasing temperature to a maximum at 20-25 ~ C and declined at 30 ~ C. Handling time decreased asymptotically with increasing temperature. The results of this study suggest that Trichogramma strains vary in adaptability to low temperature, making this characteristic a useful criterion for evaluation of candidate strains.
Study on abnormal uterine bleeding among adult women in a tertiary care hospital in Bihar, India

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common problem among patients coming to gynaecology outpatient department. There are various pathologies which can lead to AUB. History, blood investigations, ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and endometrial aspiration are the methods to rule out different causes. Later on, they are classified as per PALM-COEIN classification. It helps in better and successful management of AUB patients.Methods: It was a retrospective study done in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of AIIMS Patna from March 2014 to March 2016. A total of 272 cases were selected and data were collected in structured proforma on excel sheet.Results: The most common age-group presenting with AUB was 40 to 49 years of age (58%) and the most common histological pattern was secretory (47.7%). Menorrhagia was found to be the most common problem in AUB patients (58.45%). As per PALM- COEIN classification, the most common type in our study was found to be AUB-E (26.8%). In a sub-set of patients, who underwent hysterectomy, histopathological samples were compared to endometrial samples which were similar in 81.6% cases.Conclusions: Incidence and pattern of AUB varies according to the age of the patient. It is more common in perimenopausal age-group. Classification of AUB as per PALM-COEIN helps in better understanding of disease and successful management of patients.
The Virtues of VAR Forecast Pooling - A DSGE Model Based Monte Carlo Study

Since the seminal article of Bates and Granger (1969), a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have shown that pooling different forecasts of the same event tends to outperform individual forecasts in terms of forecast accuracy. However, the results remain heterogenous regarding the size of gains. As there are numerous sources for the large variation of the resulting gains, it is difficult to estimate the improvement in accuracy based on empirical findings. Consequently, we use Monte Carlo techniques which enable us to identify the gains of pooling from VAR forecasts under lab conditions. In particular, the results are allowed to vary with respect to sample size, forecast horizon, number of pooled forecasts, weighting scheme and structure of the model economy. Given strict lab conditions, our setup of the experiment yields a quantification of the virtues that can be obtained in almost any forecast situation. The analysis shows that pooling leads to a substantial reduction of MSE of about 20%, which is comparable to the elimination of estimation uncertainty. Most notably, this reduction is already obtained with an average of about four different forecasts.