Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of blood group‐related antigens in cholangiocarcinoma in relation to non‐neoplastic bile ducts

The abnormal expression of blood group related antigens has been reported in many malignant tumours; however, such expression in cholangiocarcinoma has not been examined systematically. The expression of blood group‐related antigens (A, B, H, Lewisa, Lewisb, Lewisx, Lewisy, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 and carcinoembryonic antigen) was investigated immunohistochemically in 75 cases of cholangiocarcinoma (31 peripheral type and 44 hilar type). In non‐neoplastic bile ducts, A, B, and H antigens were expressed in large bile ducts, while Lewisa,b,y and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 were variably expressed in both large and small bile ducts. Lewisx and carcinoembryonic antigen was not found in non‐neoplastic bile ducts. In cholangiocarcinomas, A, B, and H, antigens were more frequent in the hilar type than in the peripheral type, although the difference was not significant. The expression of the blood‐group related antigens, particularly A, Lewisa,b,y, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9, was frequent in the tumour cells in well differentiated adenocarcinomas, while their immunoreactivity was less frequent in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. The superanuclear and luminal expression of these antigens in carcinoma cells was frequent in well differentiated adenocarcinomas, and the diffuse, cell membranous and stromal expression of these antigens was relatively frequent in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinoma. The A, B, and H immunoreactivity of both non‐neoplastic bile ducts and cholangiocarcinomas was consistent with the host blood group type. These findings suggest that both the expression and intracellular distribution of blood group‐related antigens in cholangiocarcinoma are related to the differentiation of cholangiocarcinoma and, possibly, to the parent structure.
What is Sino-Tibetan? Snapshot of a Field and a Language Family in Flux

Sino-Tibetan is one of the great language families of the world, containing hundreds of languages spoken by over 1 billion people, from Northeast India to the Southeast Asian peninsula. The best-known languages in the family are Chinese, Tibetan, and Burmese. Although the existence of the family has been recognized for nearly 200 years, significant progress in reconstructing the history of the family was not achieved until the latter half of the twentieth century. In recent decades, this progress has accelerated, thanks to an explosion of new data and new approaches. At the same time, a number of interesting controversies have emerged in the field, centered on such issues as subgrouping and reconstruction methodology.
Pneumococcal ClpP modulates the maturation and activation of human dendritic cells: implications for pneumococcal infections

DCs are essential for host immune response to pathogens. Pneumococcal diseases still remain to be a major global‐health issue, and HSP100/ClpP is a ubiquitously present virulence determinant for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here, we show that ClpP expression facilitates the uptake and phagocytosis of pneumococci by human DCs, and it could increase apoptosis of DCs infected with pneumococci. Furthermore, pneumococcal ClpP is required for optimal production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and an efficient activation of adaptive immune response in DCs. Complementary, purified rClpP protein recognizes TLR4 and functionally activates human DCs by augmenting the expression of surface molecules and the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines dependent on MAPKs and NF‐κB signaling pathways. Besides, ClpP‐treated DCs induce T cell proliferation and contribute to Th1 immune response. This study describes a novel role of ClpP in the interaction of DCs with pneumococci that could provide new insight for the progression of pneumococcal diseases and has important implications for designing pneumococcal protein vaccines.
Dancing effects on the magnitude of the vestibular-cervical reflex

Objective: Determine the influence of dance movements on the vestibular system and compare the response magnitude of the vestibulospinal pathway between dancers and non-dancers. Methodology: The sample consisted of 61 subjects, aged between 18 and 35 years, 31 dancers and 30 controls. Cervical VEMP recordings were taken in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A total of 100 tone-burst stimuli were promediated at a frequency of 500 Hz, intensity of 95 dB NAn. Results: The cVEMP of the dancers exhibited waves earlier and with greater amplitudes than those of the controls. A significant intergroup difference was observed for n23 latency and n23 amplitude and p13-n23 interlatency. Conclusion: Greater amplitudes and lower vestibulospinal reflex latencies were observed for dancers compared to non-dancers. Correspondence to: Aline Cabral de Oliveira-Barreto, Inácio Barbosa Av. , 1100, Aruana, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; Tel: +55 79 999211700. E-mail: alinecabralbarreto@ gmail.com
Marginally Calcified Totally Necrotic Tumor of the Pancreas: A Subset of Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor With Near-Total Necrosis?

FIGURE 1. Consecutive cases of marginally calcified totally necrotic tumor of the pancreas with uncertain pathological diagnosis. a, Marginally calcified near-total necrotic SPT of the pancreas. A 37-year-old female patient underwent robot-assisted spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy under the impression of SPT of the pancreas. Tumor was incidentally detected during routine medical checkup (a-i and a-ii). Extensive necrotic debris consisted in most part of the tumor. Note that only less than 5% was found to be a viable SPT of the pancreas, (original magnification, 200) (a-iii) and immunostaining of A-catenin detected in both nucleus and cytoplasm, (original magnification, 200) (a-iv). b-d and f, Marginally calcified totally necrotic pancreatic tumor. b-i to f-i, Preoperative axial image studies show the characteristic marginally calcified tumor of the pancreas. All patients underwent distal pancreatectomy under the impression of SPT of the pancreas. However, only thick and friable necrotic materials were filled in shell-like calcified capsules in all cases (b-ii to g-ii). Letters to the Editor Pancreas & Volume 42, Number 1, January 2013
Extraction of an actomyosin‐like protein from amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum

An actomyosin‐like protein has been extracted from amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum, V‐12. The purified protein exhibited a reversible change in viscosity upon addition of ATP, indicating an ATP sensitivity of 75–85% and a specific viscosity of 0.1. At low ionic strength in the presence of Mg++ and ATP the amoeba protein displayed the phenomenon of superprecipitation. The protein extract was found to be an adenosinetriphosphatase (ATP'ase) hydrolyzing ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. Both Mg++ and Ca++ at low ionic strength accelerated the ATP ase activity whereas at high ionic strength only Ca++ stimulated ATP hydrolysis. The ATP'ase activity was inhibited by ethylene‐diamine‐tetraacetic‐acid, Mersayl and p‐chloromercuribenzoate. The physico‐chemical and enzymatic properties of the extracted amoeba protein are qualitatively comparable to those of muscle actomyosin, and very similar in quantitative properties to smooth muscle actomyosin and the actomyosin‐like proteins of blood platelets, leucocytes and slime mold plasmodia. The significance of the presence of this actomyosin‐like protein in Dictyostelium amoebae is discussed in relation to amoeboid form and movement.
Pharmacokinetics of cefetamet (Ro 15-8074) and cefetamet pivoxil (Ro 15-8075) after intravenous and oral doses in humans

This report summarizes the results of three pharmacokinetic studies of cefetamet and cefetamet pivoxil conducted in normal adult male volunteers. In the first study the pharmacokinetics of cefetamet were evaluated after intravenous infusion of doses ranging from 133 to 2,650 mg. Over this dose range, the pharmacokinetics were linear. A dose-proportional increase in the area under the curve from zero to infinity was observed, whereas total clearance (140.3 +/- 23.6 ml/min), renal clearance (130.3 +/- 18.2 ml/min), volume of distribution at steady state (0.288 +/- 0.023 liter/kg), fraction excreted unchanged in the urine (94 +/- 11%), and elimination half-life (2.07 +/- 0.18 h) were independent of dose. In a second study the absolute bioavailability of single 1,500-mg doses of a tablet formulation of the pivaloyloxymethylester of cefetamet was evaluated under conditions of fasting and after a standard breakfast. Administration with food increased the extent of absorption (from 31 +/- 7 to 44 +/- 4%) while decreasing the rate of absorption (time to maximum concentration of drug in plasma increased from 3.0 +/- 0.6 to 4.8 +/- 0.4 h). The third study consisted of multiple oral administration of 1,000 mg of a similar oral tablet formulation twice daily for 10 days. This regimen was preceded and followed by intravenous administration of a 500-mg bolus dose of cefetamet. Oral doses were administered with breakfast and dinner. The absolute bioavailability of the tablet formulation was assessed after the first dose and after both the morning and the evening doses on day 10 of oral therapy. The compound was consistently absorbed to the extent of approximately 50% with no significant differences observed between the morning and evening doses on day 10.
Effect of Dietary Vegetable Oils on the Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Fingerlings of Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

This study evaluated the suitability of canola and flaxseed oils as source of supplemental dietary lipid for fingerlings of rainbow trout. Triplicate groups of the 30 fingerlings were fed twice daily by iso-nitrogenous, and iso-calorific diets for 8 weeks. Experimental diets consisted of 30.2% protein, 18.6 kJ/g energy and 16.6% lipid from fish oil, canola oil, flaxseed oil, 1:1 blends of fish and canola oils, 1:1 blends of fish and flaxseed oils, 1:1 blends of canola and flaxseed oils and 1:1:1 blends of fish, canola and flaxseed oils. Protein and lipid was significantly highest in fish fed the fish and canola oils diet. Condition factor of fingerlings reared on fish oil diet were significantly higher than other treatments. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly higher in fish fed the flaxseed oil diet and canola and flaxseed oils diet. The results of fatty acid profile revealed that flesh fatty acid composition is effected by dietary fatty acid composition. The highest amounts of HUFA n-3 were detected in fish fed fish oil diet, which was significantly different from other treatments. Present results indicate the fingerlings can be reared on diets in which fish oil has been replaced with canola and flaxseed oils.
Geometrical Properties of the Human Child Cervical Spine With a Focus on the C1 Vertebra

Objective: Child dummies and injury criteria used in automotive crashworthiness environments are based on scaling from the adult and/or between children of different ages. Cartilage-to-bone ossification, spinal canal and joint developments of the spine, and strength attainments do not grow linearly from birth to maturity. Though this is known to medical professionals, age-based quantitative analyses are needed to accurately model the pediatric spine. The objective of this study was to quantify longitudinal growths of various regions of the first cervical vertebrae, responsible for transmitting the axial load from the base of the skull through the condyles to the neck/torso. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of 54 children from one day to 18 years of age were retrospectively used to determine the following geometrical properties: bilateral neurocentral synchondroses widths, the width of posterior synchondrosis, outer and inner anteroposterior and transverse diameters, spinal canal area, and depths of the anterior and posterior arches of the C1 vertebra. Both axial and sagittal CT images were used in the analysis. Sagittal images were used to quantify data for the anterior and posterior arches and axial images were used for all described cross-sectional parameters. Results: Geometrical properties were extracted and reported for the various parameters at 6 months; one year; 18 months; and 3, 6, and 10 years of age corresponding to the dummy family ages routinely used in motor vehicle crashworthiness research and other applications. The outer transverse diameter ranged from 4.97 to 7.08 cm; outer and inner antero-posterior diameters ranged from 2.99 to 4.18 and 2.19 to 3.03 mm; and spinal canal area ranged from 4.34 to 6.68 mm2. Other data are given in the body of the article. The growths of the first cervical vertebra quantified in terms of the above variables occurred nonlinearly with age and the degree of nonlinearity depended on the type of the geometrical parameter. Growths did not match with the simple scaling ratios based on the adult spine, used in different studies reported in the current literature. Conclusions: These early nonlinear and nonuniform age- and local geometry–specific variations should be considered in human finite element models for an accurate transfer of the external load from the atlas to the subaxial spine and to improve their fidelity and biomechanical capabilities.
Functions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TFIIF during Transcription Start Site Utilization

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that substitutions in the Tfg1 or Tfg2 subunits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor IIF (TFIIF) can cause upstream shifts in start site utilization, resulting in initiation patterns that more closely resemble those of higher eukaryotes. In this study, we report the results from multiple biochemical assays analyzing the activities of wild-type yeast TFIIF and the TFIIF Tfg1 mutant containing the E346A substitution (Tfg1-E346A). We demonstrate that TFIIF stimulates formation of the first two phosphodiester bonds and dramatically stabilizes a short RNA-DNA hybrid in the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) active center and, importantly, that the Tfg1-E346A substitution coordinately enhances early bond formation and the processivity of early elongation in vitro. These results are discussed within a proposed model for the role of yeast TFIIF in modulating conformational changes in the RNAPII active center during initiation and early elongation.
Detection of Kobe-type and Otsu-type Babesia microti in wild rodents in China's Yunnan province

SUMMARY Babesiosis is an emerging tick-transmitted zoonosis prevalent in large parts of the world. This study was designed to determine the rates of Babesia microti infection among small rodents in Yunnan province, where human cases of babesiosis have been reported. Currently, distribution of Babesia in its endemic regions is largely unknown. In this study, we cataloged 1672 small wild rodents, comprising 4 orders, from nine areas in western Yunnan province between 2009 and 2011. Babesia microti DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 4·3% (72/1672) of the rodents analyzed. The most frequently infected rodent species included Apodemus chevrieri and Niviventer fulvescens. Rodents from forests and shrublands had significantly higher Babesia infection rates. Genetic comparisons revealed that Babesia was most similar to the Kobe- and Otsu-type strains identified in Japan. A variety of rodent species might be involved in the enzootic maintenance and transmission of B. microti, supporting the need for further serological investigations in humans.
Living kidney donors in need of kidney transplants: a report from the organ procurement and transplantation network.

BACKGROUND Our aim was to use the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database to determine the number of renal waitlist candidates who previously had been living donors. METHODS All living renal donors in the OPTN database were cross-checked against the renal waitlist history files. Additionally, renal transplant programs were contacted that had listed candidates as qualified for four additional allocation points available to patients who previously had donated an organ. Confirmatory phone calls to transplant programs yielded additional cases previously unreported to the United Network for Organ Sharing. RESULTS A total of 56 previous living donors were identified as having been subsequently listed for cadaveric kidney transplantation. Forty-three have received transplants; 36 currently have functioning grafts. One died after transplantation. Two candidates died while waiting. CONCLUSIONS Living renal donation has long-term risks that may not be apparent in the short term. The numbers here reported underestimate the actual number of living donors with renal failure, because they include only patients listed for a kidney transplant. To determine risk factors for postdonation renal failure, long-term living-donor follow-up data are needed.
Hedging with small uncertainty aversion

We study the pricing and hedging of derivative securities with uncertainty about the volatility of the underlying asset. Rather than taking all models from a prespecified class equally seriously, we penalise less plausible ones based on their “distance” to a reference local volatility model. In the limit for small uncertainty aversion, this leads to explicit formulas for prices and hedging strategies in terms of the security’s cash gamma.
Bacterial adherence: a method for detecting antibody production by single cells.

A technique believed to be a further method for the detection of antibody production by single cells is described. Rats were immunized with a variety of bacteria, and lymph node cells removed during the secondary response were studied for their capacity to induce motile bacteria to adhere to their surface. About 100,000 lymph node cells from immunized and nonimmunized animals have been studied, in drops containing either one cell or many thousands. It was found that adherence occurred only when the test bacteria shared an antigen with the immunogen. Ninety-eight per cent of the identifiable positive cells belonged to the plasma cell series. It was not possible to render plasma cells positive for adherence by incubating them in a high-titered immune serum either in vivo or in vitro. Evidence is presented that the phenomenon depends on an antigen-antibody reaction between the bacteria and cell-associated antibody; that it is possible to differentiate two major types of adherence, viz., H-adherence and O-adherence; and that the positive cells actually are antibody-producers. It is believed that this quick simple test may help in the screening of large cell populations for antibody-producing cells.
INCREASE OF FREQUENCY IN DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION RELIEVES APRAXIA OF EYELID OPENING IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE: CASE REPORT

OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. However, approximately 5% of patients might develop apraxia of eyelid opening after DBS of the subthalamic nucleus. We provide data on a new noninvasive treatment approach to this adverse event. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We report 2 patients who acquired apraxia of eyelid opening after DBS. This adverse event was relieved by changing the stimulation parameters. INTERVENTION The stimulation frequency was increased from 100 Hz to 180 Hz in 1 patient and 160 Hz in the other, resulting in a total relief of symptoms. CONCLUSION Increasing stimulation frequency may be beneficial in apraxia of eyelid opening acquired after DBS of the subthalamic nucleus.
DNA elimination and its relation to quantities in the macronucleus of Tetrahymena.

The macronucleus of Tetrahymena contains a large number of DNA molecules of subchromosomal size. They belong to about 270 species each one occurring at an average number of 45 copies. Macronuclei divide unequally and nothing is known of segregation control. This and the elimination and degradation of DNA during macronuclear amitosis make the clonal stability of macronuclei a problem of qualitative and quantitative control on a subchromosomal level. We studied the contribution of DNA elimination to the quantitative composition of the macronucleus cytophotometrically in single cells of different strains. This was done under standard conditions and under conditions known to influence the amount of macronuclear DNA. The following results were found: Elimination of DNA occurs at almost every division. The size of the elimination body is highly variable but still positively correlated with the macronuclear DNA content. In T. thermophila the amount of eliminated DNA is 2.5% of the G2 content and is not dependent on the growth state. It varies with species, amounting to as much as 8% in T. pigmentosa. During conditions which increase the macronuclear DNA content, very little DNA is eliminated. On the other hand, large amounts are eliminated under other conditions causing the macronuclear DNA content to decrease. DNA to be eliminated at division is synthesized at the same time as bulk DNA. We developed a computer program which helps us study the effects of DNA elimination and unequal divisions upon the copy numbers of subchromosomal DNA classes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Symmetrical epileptogenic foci in monkey cerebral cortex. Mechanisms of interaction and regional variations in capacity for synchronous discharges.

WE HAVE previously reported the results of a series of experiments in the cat concerning the interaction of acute relatively large bilateral epileptogenic foci in homologous areas of cerebral cortex 1,2 (predominantly posterior sigmoid and suprasylvian gyri). In the intact animal, this interaction often resulted in the rapid production of persistent synchronous and symmetrical patterns of bilateral discharge including 21/2 to 31/2 cycles per second (cps) spike-slow wave complexes. Relevant behavioral concomitants of these bilateral discharges resembled some of the clinical phenomena observed in patients with idiopathic petit mal or grand mal seizures during similar bilateral discharges: bilateral facial muscle and forelimb myoclonus, transient suspension or imperfect continuation of a repetitive act, and occasional generalized convulsive seizures. Investigations of the underlying anatomical pathways involved in this interaction of bilateral cortical foci indicated the significant role of the corpus callosum. Synchrony of bilateral discharge failed to occur after total
Role of mitochondria in the maintenance of platelet function during in vitro storage

Aims/Objectives: Platelets undergo structural and biochemical alterations during in vitro storage and these are collectively called platelet storage lesions (PSL). The mitochondrion is an important cell organelle involved not only in energy production but also in the regulation of cellular functions and viability. This implies that some platelet functions may be regulated by mitochondria; hence, preservation of mitochondrial functions may be important for the maintenance of platelet quality in stored platelet concentrates (PCs). This work describes the effects of various compounds on mitochondrial functions important for the maintenance of platelet quality in in vitro stored PCs.