Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous and Oral Tranexamic Acid on Perioperative Hemoglobin Levels During Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent shown to reduce perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but there are limited data regarding the efficacy of intravenous (IV) in comparison to oral (PO) TXA. Objective: The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of IV and PO TXA on perioperative hemoglobin (Hgb) levels in patients who have undergone TKA. Methods: In this single-center, retrospective chart review, patients at least 18 years of age who received IV or PO TXA following medical center protocol from 1 of 3 orthopedic surgeons were included. The primary outcome was the change in Hgb within 24 hours following TKA. Secondary outcomes included comparisons of postsurgical complications and hospital length of stay. Results: The IV TXA group contained 62 participants, and the PO TXA group contained 61 participants. Patients receiving PO therapy had a larger decrease in Hgb compared with the IV TXA group (−2.382 vs −1.908, P = 0.02), but there were no statistically significant differences in mean length of stay (3.13 vs 2.95, P = 0.27), venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurrence (0 vs 0, P = 1), or requirement for transfusions (6 vs 5, P = 0.76). Conclusions and Relevance: IV and PO TXA may not be equivalent in outcomes for patients undergoing TKA. This study found a statistically significant decrease in the mean change of Hgb in patients receiving PO TXA compared with IV TXA. However, the rate of transfusions, mean length of stay, and rate of VTE were similar between groups.
Platelet count and mortality of H7N9 infected patients in Guangdong, China

Abstract Avian influenza A (H7N9) is a serve zoonosis with a high mortality rate. Timely and effective diagnosis and early warning is crucial for the clinical treatment of H7N9 patients. The previous studies indicated that thrombocytopenia was associated with the prognosis of influenza cases, but the related evidence of platelet change within the course of the disease remains largely insufficient. A total of 130 laboratory-confirmed H7N9 cases and their corresponding medical records from August 2013 to March 2015 were collected from 23 hospitals of 13 cities in Guangdong, China. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the outcome of H7N9 cases and their average platelet count (PC) including maximum, minimum, range, admission and discharge/death of the PC value. Furthermore, we built a classification and regression tree (CART) model to predict the fatality rate which varied with average PC. There was a 7% chance for a mortality from H7N9 if PC was over 207.0 × 10^9/L, while there was a 46.3% chance of a mortality from H7N9 when PC was between 123.9 × 10^9/L and 207.0 × 10^9/L, and 81.3% chance of a mortality from H7N9 when PC was less than 123.9 × 10^9/L. This study demonstrates that using platelet count to predict the fatality of H7N9 is significant, and lower platelet counts of H7N9 patients were associated with higher risk of mortality of H7N9 patients, which may need to be taken into consideration when planning clinical treatment.
Current insights into the mechanism of mammalian immunoglobulin class switch recombination

Abstract Immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) is the gene rearrangement process by which B lymphocytes change the Ig heavy chain constant region to permit a switch of Ig isotype from IgM to IgG, IgA, or IgE. At the DNA level, CSR occurs via generation and joining of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) at intronic switch regions located just upstream of each of the heavy chain constant regions. Activation-induced deaminase (AID), a B cell specific enzyme, catalyzes cytosine deaminations (converting cytosines to uracils) as the initial DNA lesions that eventually lead to DSBs and CSR. Progress on AID structure integrates very well with knowledge about Ig class switch region nucleic acid structures that are supported by functional studies. It is an ideal time to review what is known about the mechanism of Ig CSR and its relation to somatic hypermutation. There have been many comprehensive reviews on various aspects of the CSR reaction and regulation of AID expression and activity. This review is focused on the relation between AID and switch region nucleic acid structures, with a particular emphasis on R-loops.
Associations of Socioeconomic Deprivation and Preterm Birth With Speech, Language, and Communication Concerns Among Children Aged 27 to 30 Months

Key Points Question What are the associations of socioeconomic deprivation and gestational age with preschool language ability? Findings In this cohort study of 26 341 children in Scotland, neighborhood deprivation and lower gestational age were associated with additive risks for speech, language, and communication concerns at age 27 to 30 months. Meaning Policies designed to lessen deprivation could be an important strategy for reducing preschool language impairment, including for children born preterm.
Why ophthalmology? Analysis of the motivating factors influencing the choice of ophthalmology as a career among different generations in Brazil

OBJECTIVES: The increasing demand for medical specialties with flexible working hours has been associated with the important role of quality of life as a determining factor when choosing a career in medicine, which might change the motivations for pursuing a career in ophthalmology. We aim to identify the main determinants of ophthalmology as a career choice as well as the reasons that motivated previous generations to follow this path. METHODS: Responses to self-administered online questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 225 responses were analyzed, including those of baby boomers (21), generation X (48), generation Y (131) and generation Z (25). Although the main reasons for choosing ophthalmology as a career are the same for all the generations in this study (flexible working hours, self-satisfaction from helping people improve their vision and the possibility of performing surgical procedures), some reasons for this career choice are more important to the younger generations (short-term results and short procedures), and some are more important to the older generations (the influence of an ophthalmologist in the family). CONCLUSION: The main reasons for choosing ophthalmology as a career are essentially the same over time. The differences in secondary motivations could be explained by generational differences.
NMDAR activation regulates the daily rhythms of sleep and mood

Abstract Study Objectives The present studies examine the effects of NMDAR activation by NYX-2925 diurnal rhythmicity of both sleep and wake as well as emotion. Methods Twenty-four-hour sleep EEG recordings were obtained in sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived rats. In addition, the day–night cycle of both activity and mood was measured using home cage ultrasonic-vocalization recordings. Results NYX-2925 significantly facilitated non-REM (NREM) sleep during the lights-on (sleep) period, and this effect persisted for 3 days following a single dose in sleep-deprived rats. Sleep-bout duration and REM latencies were increased without affecting total REM sleep, suggesting better sleep quality. In addition, delta power during wake was decreased, suggesting less drowsiness. NYX-2925 also rescued learning and memory deficits induced by sleep deprivation, measured using an NMDAR-dependent learning task. Additionally, NYX-2925 increased positive affect and decreased negative affect, primarily by facilitating the transitions from sleep to rough-and-tumble play and back to sleep. In contrast to NYX-2925, the NMDAR antagonist ketamine acutely (1–4 hours post-dosing) suppressed REM and non-REM sleep, increased delta power during wake, and blunted the amplitude of the sleep-wake activity rhythm. Discussion These data suggest that NYX-2925 could enhance behavioral plasticity via improved sleep quality as well as vigilance during wake. As such, the facilitation of sleep by NYX-2925 has the potential to both reduce symptom burden on neurological and psychiatric disorders as well as serve as a biomarker for drug effects through restoration of sleep architecture.
miR‐483‐3p suppresses the proliferation and progression of human triple negative breast cancer cells by targeting the HDAC8>oncogene

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subclass of breast cancer (BC) distinguished by lack of hormone receptor expression. It is highly aggressive and difficult to treat with traditional chemotherapeutic regimens. Targeted‐therapy using microRNAs (miR) has recently been proposed to improve the treatment of TNBC in the early stages. Here, we explore the roles of miR‐483‐3p/HDAC8 HDAC8 premiR‐vector on tumorigenicity in TNBC patients. Clinical TNBC specimens and three BC cell lines were prepared. miR‐483‐3p and expression levels were measured using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell cycle progression was assessed by a flow‐cytometry method. We also investigated cell proliferation by 3‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and colony formation assay. We used a to overexpress miR‐483‐3p, and a HDAC8‐KO‐vector for knocking out the endogenous production of HDAC8. Our data showed significant downregulation of miR‐483‐3p expression in TNBC clinical and cell line samples. The HDAC8 was also upregulated in both tissue specimens and BC cell lines. We found that increased levels of endogenous miR‐483‐3p affects tumorigenecity of MDA‐MB‐231. Downregulation of HDAC8 using the KO‐vector showed the same pattern. Our results revealed that the miR‐483‐3p suppresses cellular proliferation and progression in TNBC cell lines via targeting HDAC8. Overall, our outcomes demonstrated the role of miR‐483‐3p as a tumor suppressor in TNBC and showed the possible mechanism via HDAC8. In addition, targeted treatment of TNBC with miR‐483‐3p might be considered in the future.
Gene expression profiles of bovine genital ridges during sex determination and early differentiation of the gonads†

Abstract Most current knowledge of sex determination in mammals has emerged from mouse and human studies. To investigate the molecular regulation of the sex determination process in cattle, we used an RNA sequencing strategy to analyze the transcriptome landscape of male and female bovine fetal gonads collected in vivo at key developmental stages: before, during, and after SRY gene activation on fetal days D35 (bipotential gonad formation), D39 (peak SRY expression), and D43 (early gonad differentiation). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in male vs. female germinal ridges and among group genes showing similar expression profiles during the three periods. There were 143, 96, and 658 DEG between males and female fetuses at D35, D39, and D43, respectively. On D35, genes upregulated in females were enriched in translation, nuclear export, RNA localization, and mRNA splicing events, whereas those upregulated in males were enriched in cell proliferation regulation and male sex determination terms. In time-course experiments, 767 DEGs in males and 545 DEGs in females were identified between D35 vs. D39, and 3157 DEGs in males and 2008 in females were identified between D39 vs. D43. Results highlight unique aspects of sex determination in cattle, such as the expression of several Y chromosome genes (absent in mice and humans) before SRY expression and an abrupt increase in the nuclear expression of SOX10 (instead of SOX9 expression in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm as observed in mice) during male determination and early differentiation. Summary sentence Gene expression analysis of male and female bovine fetal gonads collected in vivo before and after SRY expression sheds light on unique aspects of sex determination and early sex differentiation in cattle.
Association between obesity phenotypes in adolescents and adult metabolic syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Abstract Obesity phenotypes can be regarded as an indicator of CVD risk factors. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of adolescents with different obesity phenotypes and the role of obesity phenotypes in prediction of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. For this population-based cohort study, 2159 adolescents aged 11–18 years were included. Subjects were divided into four obesity phenotype groups: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to estimate the incidence of the MetS in adults after a median follow-up of 11·3 years. The incidence rate of the MetS in early adulthood was 111·6 (95 % CI 98·7, 126·3) per 10 000 person-years, with higher values in boys (210·1 (95 % CI 183·0, 241·3)), compared with girls (39·7 (95 % CI 30·2, 52·1)). In the age- and adult BMI-adjusted model, the hazard ratio of the MetS in adulthood for boys was 3·33 (95 % CI 2·08, 5·32) among MUO phenotype followed less than 6 years, 1·71 (95 % CI 1·01, 2·90) among MHO, and 2·52 (95 % CI 1·72, 3·68) among MUNW. All associations were attenuated in girls except for MUO phenotype followed less than 6 years (5·72 (95 % CI 2·14, 15·3)). In conclusion, MUNW and MHO phenotypes in boys, but not in girls, and MUO phenotype in both sexes with less than 6 years of follow-up increased the risk of adult MetS compared with MHNW. It seems that lack of obesity at least in boys does not protect them from MetS development in adulthood.
Semi‐automated von Willebrand factor multimer assay for von Willebrand disease: Further validation, benefits and limitations

Accurate diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (VWD) enables effective patient management. von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer analysis provides useful information regarding VWF multimer structure, thereby aiding VWD subtyping and management; however, historically technically challenging assays have had limited utility. This study evaluates the Sebia Hydrasys Hydragel‐11 semi‐automated VWF multimer assay and further validates the Hydragel‐5 gel system, as primarily pertaining to VWD diagnostics and monitoring of therapy.
Implementation of the nurse practitioner role within a Victorian healthcare network : an organisational perspective

Objective This paper presents a discussion of the development of a framework to implement and sustain the nurse practitioner (NP) role within one health service designed to strengthen the capacity of the health system and which could be readily transferable to other health services. Setting Eastern Health (EH) is a multi‑campus tertiary health care organisation servicing a population of approximately 800,000 people in the east and outer eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. EH is committed to advancing the nursing profession and exploring innovative, research based models of practice that are responsive to the needs of the community it serves. Primary argument The Framework documents the processes of providing a new career pathway for advanced practice nurses that incorporates education and training, and utilises current evidenced‑based practice guidelines to define and promote the scope of practice. Conclusion Strong organisational support to facilitate interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary learning opportunities assists integration of the NP role into the healthcare team. Role clarity will assist interprofessional teams to understand and value the role NPs provide.
Incidence and etiology of hypoglycemia in neonatal intensive care unit admissions.

[Abstract] Objective Hypoglycemia is a common problem in newborns and can cause many undesirable neuro 唱 logical effects such as seizures,psychomotor retardation and decreased IQ.The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and etiology of hypoglycemia in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)admissions.Methods This de唱 scriptive study was performed on 927 neonates admitted to NICU of Emamreza Hospital belonging to neonatal re 唱 search center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences since 23th July 2007 for one year.After admission in NICU blood sugar was tested with glucometer and if it was less than 40 mg/dl and was confirmed by laboratory,the patient entered to study.According to history and physical examination more diagnostic studies were performed to determine the etiology of hypoglycemia.Results During one year study 927 neonates admitted in NICU,109 of them (11畅76%)had hypoglycemia.The most common causes of hypoglycemia were prematurity ,asphyxia and small for gestational age.Conclusion This study showed that the incidence and etiology of neonatal hypoglycemia in our NICU was as same as western countries and less than the incidence of hypoglycemia in developing country .
CMB Targets after Planck

We show that a combination of the simplest $\alpha$-attractors and KKLTI models related to Dp-brane inflation covers most of the area in the ($n_{s}$, $r$) space favored by Planck 2018. For $\alpha$-attractor models, there are discrete targets $3\alpha=1,2,. ,7$, predicting 7 different values of $r = 12\alpha/N^{2}$ in the range $10^{-2} \gtrsim r \gtrsim 10^{-3}$. In the small $r$ limit, $\alpha$-attractors and Dp-brane inflation models describe vertical $\beta$-stripes in the ($n_{s}$, $r$) space, with $n_{s}=1-\beta/N$, $\beta=2, {5\over 3},{8\over 5}, {3\over 2},{4\over 3}$. A phenomenological description of these models and their generalizations can be achieved in the context of pole inflation. Most of the $1\sigma$ area in the ($n_{s}$, $r$) space favored by Planck 2018 can be covered models with $\beta = 2$ and $\beta = 5/3$. Future precision data on $n_s$ may help to discriminate between these models even if the precision of the measurement of $r$ is insufficient for the discovery of gravitational waves produced during inflation.
Multi-year vector dynamic time warping-based crop mapping

Abstract. Recent automated crop mapping via supervised learning-based methods have demonstrated unprecedented improvement over classical techniques. Classification accuracies of these methods degrade considerably in cross-year mapping. Cross-year crop mapping is more useful as it allows the prediction of the following years’ crop maps using previously labeled data. We propose vector dynamic time warping (VDTW), an innovative multi-year classification approach based on warping of angular distances between phenological vectors. The results prove that the proposed VDTW method is robust to temporal and spectral variations compensating for different farming practices, climate and atmospheric effects, and measurement errors between years. We also describe a method for determining the most discriminative time window that allows high classification accuracies with limited data. We carried out tests with Landsat 8 time-series imagery from years 2013 to 2015 for the classification of corn and cotton in the Harran Plain of southeastern Turkey. In addition, we tested VDTW corn and soybean in Kansas, the US for 2017 and 2018 with the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel data. The VDTW method improved cross-year overall accuracies by 3% with fewer training samples compared to other state-of-the-art approaches.
Regression to the Mean's Impact on the Synthetic Control Method: Bias and Sensitivity Analysis

To make informed policy recommendations from observational data, we must be able to discern true treatment effects from random noise and effects due to confounding. Difference-in-Difference techniques which match treated units to control units based on pre-treatment outcomes, such as the synthetic control approach have been presented as principled methods to account for confounding. However, we show that use of synthetic controls or other matching procedures can introduce regression to the mean (RTM) bias into estimates of the average treatment effect on the treated. Through simulations, we show RTM bias can lead to inflated type I error rates as well as decreased power in typical policy evaluation settings. Further, we provide a novel correction for RTM bias which can reduce bias and attain appropriate type I error rates. This correction can be used to perform a sensitivity analysis which determines how results may be affected by RTM. We use our proposed correction and sensitivity analysis to reanalyze data concerning the effects of California's Proposition 99, a large-scale tobacco control program, on statewide smoking rates.
Design-adherent estimators for network surveys

Network surveys of key populations at risk for HIV are an essential part of the effort to understand how the epidemic spreads and how it can be prevented. Estimation of population values from the sample data has been probematical, however, because the link-tracing of the network surveys includes different people in the sample with unequal probabilities, and these inclusion probabilities have to be estimated accurately to avoid large biases in survey estimates. A new approach to estimation is introduced here, based on resampling the sample network many times using a design that adheres to main features of the design used in the field. These features include network link tracing, branching, and without-replacement sampling. The frequency that a person is included in the resamples is used to estimate the inclusion probability for each person in the original sample, and these estimates of inclusion probabilities are used in an unequal-probability estimator. In simulations using a population of drug users, sex workers, and their partners for which the actual values of population characteristics are known, the design-adherent estimation approach increases the accuracy of estimates of population quantities, largely by eliminating most of the biases.
Distributed Deep Learning with Event-Triggered Communication

We develop a Distributed Event-Triggered Stochastic GRAdient Descent (DETSGRAD) algorithm for solving non-convex optimization problems typically encountered in distributed deep learning. We propose a novel communication triggering mechanism that would allow the networked agents to update their model parameters aperiodically and provide sufficient conditions on the algorithm step-sizes that guarantee the asymptotic mean-square convergence. The algorithm is applied to a distributed supervised-learning problem, in which a set of networked agents collaboratively train their individual neural networks to recognize handwritten digits in images, while aperiodically sharing the model parameters with their one-hop neighbors. Results indicate that all agents report similar performance that is also comparable to the performance of a centrally trained neural network, while the event-triggered communication provides significant reduction in inter-agent communication. Results also show that the proposed algorithm allows the individual agents to recognize the digits even though the training data corresponding to all the digits are not locally available to each agent.