Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of some plant cakes against plant parasitic nematodes in tea

An experiment was conducted to study the performance of some indigenous plant cakes against plant parasitic nematodes in tea at Entomology Laboratory, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar during August 2014 to November 2015. Indigenous crude plant cakes of Marigold (Tagetes sp.) (leaves, flowers and stems), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) (leaves and fruits), Chirota (Swertia chirayaita) (leaves and stems), Neem (Azadirachta indica) (leaves) and Mahagoni (Swietenia mahogani) (seeds) were selected for the study. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Soil samples were analyzed in the Nematology Laboratory, Entomology Division for the counting of the nematodes. Extraction was done by Baermann Funnel Method with slight modification. Then nematodes were counted through Stereoscopic microscope. The result revealed that the treatment differences were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). All the treatments showed the toxic effect in reducing nematode populations significantly from the soil. Among them, Marigold plant cake showed the highest (78.80%) mortality of nematodes in the treated soil followed by Mahogani (77.08%) and Neem (75.40%). It is concluded that the tested plant cakes may effectively be utilized as the safer nematicidal products in integrated management of nematodes in tea.
Jupiter-INIA: A new oat variety with improved β-glucan and protein contents

Júpiter-INIA is a new oat ( Avena sativa L.) cultivar selected in preliminary field trials for higher β-glucan and protein content, resistance to disease and lodging, and similar yield than the other cultivated oat varieties. The objective of the present research was to compare agronomic, industrial performance and groat nutritional quality of ‘Júpiter-INIA’ with the widespread commercial ‘Supernova-INIA’ in southern Chile. Field trials were conducted at four different locations during four seasons in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. ‘Júpiter-INIA’ had about 20% more β-glucan (4.25 vs . 3.31 g 100 g -1 , P < 0.0001) and protein (16.14 vs . 12.78 g 100 g -1 , P < 0.0001) contents than ‘Supernova-INIA’. The overall plant height, lodging, and disease reaction to crown rust were lower in ‘Júpiter-INIA’ than in ‘Supernova-INIA’. Grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and hectoliter weight, were lower in ‘Júpiter-INIA’ than in ‘Supernova-INIA’; however, its mean values were within the range for oat cultivars. Dehulled-grain yield and stained grains were similar to ‘Supernova-INIA’. This results point out that ‘Júpiter-INIA’ groat had superior nutritional quality than ‘Supernova-INIA’, and thus it could be an important contribution to be included in the development of healthy oats-containing food products. ABSTRACT
CRITICAL NITROGEN CURVE AND NITROGEN NUTRITION INDEX FOR SPRING MAIZE IN NORTH-EAST CHINA

The study was conducted at three sites during 2008 and 2009 in the North-East China Plain (NECP). Field experiments consisted of five or six nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (0–350 kg N ha−1). Shoot biomass and N concentration (Nc) of spring maize (Zea mays L.) were determined on six sampling dates during the growing season. Nitrogen application rate had a significant effect on aerial biomass accumulation and Nc. As expected, shoot Nc declined during the growing period. A critical N dilution curve (Nc = 36.5 W −0.48) was determined in China, which was a little different from those reported for maize in France and Germany. Besides, the N nutrition index (NNI) calculated from this critical N dilution curve was significantly related to relative grain yield, which can be expressed by a linear with plateau model (R2 = 0.66; P < 0.001). NNI can be used as a reliable indicator of the level of N deficiency during the growing season of maize.
Oxylobium/Gastrolobium (Fabaceae : Mirbelieae) conundrum: further studies using molecular data and a reappraisal of morphological characters

A molecular phylogeny of Oxylobium , Gastrolobium and related genera, including Brachysema , Jansonia , Nemcia and Podolobium, is presented. The study was conducted using five molecular regions and 48 taxa, utilizing chloroplast DNA (the trn K 5¢¢ intron, psb A/ trn H intergenic spacer, trn L intron and adjacent trn L/ trn F intergenic spacer) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ETS and ITS) markers. Oxylobium is shown to be polyphyletic, while Gastrolobium is paraphyletic, containing within it the genera Brachysema , Jansonia and Nemcia , as well as Oxylobium lineare . This concurs with a previous molecular analysis and the results of the two analyses are compared. Morphological traits, such as subtending bracts, ovule number and fluoroacetate content, are shown to be homoplastic and suites of characters for defining the different genera using different morphological characters are presented. Our results support a recent monograph that expands Gastrolobium to include Brachysema , Jansonia , Nemcia and Oxylobium lineare . This revision leaves Oxylobium and Podolobium occurring exclusively in eastern Australia, while Gastrolobium occurs almost exclusively in south-western Australia, with only two species, G. brevipes and G. grandiflorum , occurring outside this area.
A Synthesizable Memory Grid using BRAMs and Function Generators to Enhance Throughput Efficiency in Regular Expression Pattern Matching Circuits

Attacks on various computer networks are usually in form of patterns of attack. The patterns are recognizable mostly based on the data that the respective packet payloads contain. Attack patterns usually occur as strings or regular expression patterns, which are then converted into their equivalent automata. To create an efficient automata, there is a need for the automata design to consume less memory resources per each state of the automata. This is important whenever the design attempts to detect variations of these patterns. This paper explains the design, structure, and suitability of the hardware memory architecture for a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based automata design. The new design implementation is based on the input compression technique called Equivalence Classification (EC) which is used to drive a Nondeterministic Fine Automata (NFA) referred to as Equivalence Class Decoding NFA (ECD-NFA). The ECD-NFA approach creates classes of compressed inputs represented by positive integers simply called ECDs, which are the class descriptors. The compressed ECDs are then used to drive the automata, instead of unclassified raw character-inputs. This paper further extends the design by creating a memory grid that utilizes half the total number of required primitive block RAMs (BRAMS). Also, by re-writing the algorithm for the table look-up operation, the design utilizes a minimal number of function generators. Function generators are implemented as 6-input look-up tables (LUTs) on the target Xilinx FPGA Virtex-6 device. The efficiency of such LUT-based designs is determined by the throughput efficiency. The throughput efficiency (TE) is computed based on the ratio of LUTs utilized by the states of the automata and the design throughput. The preliminary results obtained for the TE is 3.55, while the clock rate obtained was 440.51MHz
Foreign Aid, FDI and Economic Growth in East European Countries

This paper examines the effectiveness of foreign aid and foreign direct investment in the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. The model includes the labor force, capital stock, foreign aid and foreign direct investment, and is estimated using pooled annual time series data from 1993 to 2002. Before carrying out the estimation, the time series properties of the data are diagnosed and an error-correction model is developed and estimated using a fixed-effects estimator. The results indicate that an increase in the stock of domestic capital and inflow of foreign direct investment are significant factors that positively affect economic growth in these countries. Foreign aid did not seem to have any significant effect on real GDP.
Microbicide Action of IAA and IAA/HRP on Staphylococcus Aureus

Action of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in absence and presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was evaluated on the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus: biofilm producer; enterotoxins producer (seb-gene, SEB); methicillin resistance (mecA) and control-stain by: i) dose-response on microorganism growth and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by spectrophotometry at 625nm; ii) membrane damage by flow cytometry using fluorescence detector at 610nm and 530nm; iii) biofilm production by spectrophotometry at 570 nm; iii) antioxidant enzyme activity as catalase and superoxide dismutase by spectrophotometry at respective 240nm and 550nm. Dose-response on microorganism growth was seen and MIC by IAA alone was 40mM for biofilm, 50mM for SEB and control-stain, and 60mM for mecA; HRP potentiated the IAA action on biofilm, SEB and mecA. Subinhibitory IAA concentration increased membrane damage for only biofilm and control-strain; however in presence of HRP the injury was potentiate in all stains. Except for biofilm, all strains showed similar increase in catalase activity by IAA and IAA/HRP. Superoxide dismutase activity was similarly increased in presence of IAA and IAA/HRP for all stains. IAA alone or combined with HRP presents microbicide action on S. aureus with different pathological characteristics; probably involving reactive oxygen species since increased activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Quantification of CO emissions from the city of Madrid using MOPITT satellite retrievals and WRF simulations

Abstract. The growth of mega-cities leads to air quality problems directly affecting the citizens. Satellite measurements are becoming of higher quality and quantity, which leads to more accurate satellite retrievals of enhanced air pollutant concentrations over large cities. In this paper, we compare and discuss both an existing and a new method for estimating urban-scale trends in CO emissions using multi-year retrievals from the MOPITT satellite instrument. The first method is mainly based on satellite data, and has the advantage of fewer assumptions, but also comes with uncertainties and limitations as shown in this paper. To improve the reliability of urban-to-regional scale emission trend estimation, we simulate MOPITT retrievals using the Weather Research and Forecast model with chemistry core (WRF-Chem). The difference between model and retrieval is used to optimize CO emissions in WRF-Chem, focusing on the city of Madrid, Spain. This method has the advantage over the existing method in that it allows both a trend analysis of CO concentrations and a quantification of CO emissions. Our analysis confirms that MOPITT is capable of detecting CO enhancements over Madrid, although significant differences remain between the yearly averaged model output and satellite measurements (R2 = 0.75) over the city. After optimization, we find Madrid CO emissions to be lower by 48 % for 2002 and by 17 % for 2006 compared with the EdgarV4.2 emission inventory. The MOPITT-derived emission adjustments lead to better agreement with the European emission inventory TNO-MAC-III for both years. This suggests that the downward trend in CO emissions over Madrid is overestimated in EdgarV4.2 and more realistically represented in TNO-MACC-III. However, our satellite and model based emission estimates have large uncertainties, around 20 % for 2002 and 50 % for 2006.
Distribution of the Huanglongbing (Greening) Liberobacter Species in Fifteen African and Asian Countries

The distribution of the two Huanglongbing (greening) liberobacter species, Liber- obacter asiaticum and Liberobacter africanum, was studied by DNA-DNA hybridization with probe In 2.6 which is specific for L. asiaticum and AS 1.7 which is specific for L. africanum, as well as by PCR followed by XbaI restriction of the amplified DNA. Only L. asiaticum was found in iso-lates from the 11 Asian countries studied (i.e., India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Taiwan and China). Only L. africanum was found in samples from South Africa and Zimbabwe. Both L. asiaticum and L. africanum were present in Reunion and Mauritius, sometimes in separate trees or even co-existing in the same trees. Citrus leaves from New Caledonia and Western Samoa, showing zinc deficiency symptoms or yellows, but not blotchy mottle, were found to be free of liberobacters.
Coexistence of nearly neutral species

Aims The neutral theory of biodiversity provides a powerful framework for modeling macroecological patterns and interpreting species assemblages. However, there remain several unsolved problems, including the effect of relaxing the assumption of strict neutrality to allow for empirically observed variation in vital rates and the ‘problem of time’—empirically measured coexistence times are much shorter than the prediction of the strictly neutral drift model. Here, we develop a nearly neutral model that allows for differential birth and death rates of species. This model provides an approach to study species coexistence away from strict neutrality. Methods Based on Moran’s neutral model, which assumes all species in a community have the same competitive ability and have identical birth and death rates, we developed a model that includes birth–death trade-off but excludes speciation. This model describes a wide range of asymmetry from strictly neutral to nearly neutral to far from neutral and is useful for analyzing the effect of drift on species coexistence. Specifically, we analyzed the effects of the birth–death trade-off on the time and probability of species coexistence and quantified the loss of biodiversity (as measured by Simpson’s diversity) due to drift by varying species birth and death rates. Important Findings We found (i) a birth–death trade-off operating as an equalizing force driven by demographic stochasticity promotes the coexistence of nearly neutral species. Species near demographic trade-offs (i.e. fitness equivalence) can coexist even longer than that predicted by the strictly neutral model; (ii) the effect of birth rates on species coexistence is very similar to that of death rates, but their compensatory effects are not completely symmetric; (iii) ecological drift over time produces a march to fixation. Trade-off-based neutral communities lose diversity more slowly than the strictly neutral community, while non-neutral communities lose diversity much more rapidly; and (iv) nearly neutral systems have substantially shorter time of coexistence than that of neutral systems. This reduced time provides a promising solution to the problem of time.
Double‐diffusive convection in groundwater wells

Double‐diffusive convection caused by variations in solute concentration and temperature within a fluid body has previously been studied in connection with oceanic mixing processes, astrophysics, metallurgy, geology, and vadose zone hydrology but has not previously been studied in connection with thermohaline transport in a groundwater well. This paper considers whether double‐diffusive convection induced by salinity and/or temperature variations is a plausible mechanism for heat and solute transport in a groundwater well. This is examined theoretically using Rayleigh number stability “onset” criteria for fluid in a cylinder that considers the cylindrical well geometry and geothermal/solute boundary conditions. Theoretical results suggest that both monotonic and oscillatory double‐diffusive convection are plausible transport phenomena in groundwater wells. These analyses have important implications for hydrogeology because they provide another theoretically plausible mechanism by which heat and solute may mix in a well. This previously unaccounted for thermohaline mixing phenomenon may therefore be critical in the interpretation of well hydrogeologic and hydrochemical data.
From sequencing to analysis: Building a comparative genomics tool for the biologist end-user

Colibacillosis, caused by Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli, is a disease with significant impact, causing extensive animal and financial losses globally. Though this disease is common and difficult to treat and manage, mechanistically, more knowledge is desired. Here, we present the fully closed genome sequence of a typical avian pathogenic E. coli strain belonging to the serogroup (O78). 1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1802 University Blvd, VMRI 2, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 * Primary researcher and author 2 Victorian Bioinformatics Consortium, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia 3 Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia § Corresponding Author
Effects Of Dual-Career And Marital Conflict On The Mental Health Of Couples

The main purpose of this present article is to examine the effects of dual-career family and marital conflict on the general health of couples in Malaysia. Since marital conflict has been proven to predict health outcomes in couples, this study aims to find out how an individual’s conflict tactics has an impact on their spouse’s reaction. Besides, as the number of women entering the work force continues to rise, there is a need for us to find out the health effects of dual-career family. A random sample of 399 participants from Selangor who were either married or cohabitating were used in this study. Characteristics of conflict tactics in relation to general health were assessed and it was found that the results were significant though there is a low correlation between the two variables. However, results supported the hypothesis that how an individual handles conflict may have a positive influence on spouse’s ability to handle conflict. Significant relationship also exists between self-image with general health and also career salience with general health. This means that a person with a better sense of self and a promising career is more likely to have a better mental health.
Characterization of viruses associated with garlic plants propagated from different reproductive tissues from Italy and other geographic regions.

Garlic is an important crop cultivated worldwide and several different viruses have been associated with propagative material. Garlic is propagated from bulbs and/or from vegetative topsets of the inflorescences known as bulbils. The effects of the geographic origin and the type of the propagative material on the phylogenetic relationships and genetic variability of the coat protein genes of four allium viruses are presented here. Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), Garlic virus X (GVX), and Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) were detected in single and mixed infections in plants grown either from bulbils and/or bulbs originating from Italy, China, Argentina, and the U.S.A. OYDV and LYSV fell into five and three well supported clades respectively whereas isolates of GVX and GCLV all clustered into one well-supported clade each. Some of the OYDV and LYSV clades presented evidence of host tissue selection while some phylogenetic structuring based on the geographic origin or host was also observed for some virus clades. Unique haplotypes and novel coat protein amino acid sequence patterns were identified for all viruses. An OYDV coat protein amino acid signature unique to Chenopodium quinoa , an uncommon host of the virus, was of particular interest. The type of propagative material affected the population dynamics of all of the viruses. The virus populations in plants propagated from bulbs were more diverse than in plants propagated from bulbils.
Retrieving Leaf Area Index from Remotely Sensed Data Using Advanced Statistical Approaches

Mapping and monitoring leaf area index (LAI) is critical to model surface energy balance, evapotranspiration, and vegetation productivity. Remote sensing helps in rapid collection of LAI on individual fields over large areas, in a time and cost-effective manner using empirical regression between LAI and spectral vegetation indices (SVI). However, these relationships may be ineffective when sun-surface sensor geometry, background reflectance and atmosphereinduced variations on canopy reflectance are larger than variations in the canopy itself. This requires development of superior and region-specific LAI-SVI models. In recent years, statistical learning methods such as support vector machines (SVM) and relevant vector machines (RVM) have been successful over the ordinary least square (OLS) regression models for complex processes. The objective of this study is to develop and compare OLS, SVM, and RVMbased reflectance models to estimate LAI for major summer crops in the Texas High Plains. The LAI was measured in 47 randomly selected commercial fields in Moore and Ochiltree counties. Data collection was made to coincide with Landsat 5 satellite overpasses on the study area. Numerous derivations of SVIs were examined for estimating LAI using OLS, SVM, and RVM models. Analysis of the results indicated that the SVI-LAI models based on the ratio of TM bands 4 and 3, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are most sensitive to LAI. The R2 values for selected models varied from 0.79 to 0.96 with the SVM model producing the best results. However, accuracy of reported LAI models needs further evaluation that accounts for in-field spatial variability in the LAI for wider applicability.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF 40% TOPOICAL SALICYLIC ACID AND CRYOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PALMOPLANTAR WARTS.

Background; Palmoplantar warts (verrucae) are extremely common. Although many will spontaneously disappear without treatment, treatment may be sought for a variety of reasons such as discomfort. There are a number of different treatments for cutaneous warts, with salicylic acid and cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen being two of the most common forms of treatment. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 40% topical salicylic acid versus cryotherapy in the treatment of palmoplantar warts. Study Setting; Department of General Medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, which is a tertiary care Hospital. Study Design; Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Results; Of these 102 study cases, 57 (55.9%) were males and 45 (44.1%) were females. Mean age of our study cases was 25.22 ± 6.03 years Mean weight of our study cases was 61.42 ± 10.39 kilograms. Mean weight in group A was 61.25 ± 10.44 kilograms while in Group B was 61.59 ± 10.46 kilograms (p= 0.872). Size of lesion was equally distributed as in 51 (50%) of our study cases it was less than 1 centimeters while in remaining 50 % was in the range of 1 to 1.5 centimeters. In 78 (76.5%) of our study cases, number of lesions was 1- 3 and mean no. of lesions was 2.48 ± 1.35. Mean duration of disease was 4.72 ± 2.90 weeks (with minimum duration was 1 week while maximum duration was 10 weeks). In group A treated with salicylic acid, efficacy was noted in 34 (66.7%) of our study cases, while in group B treated with cryotherapy, efficacy was seen in 29 (56.9%) of our study cases. Conclusion; Efficacy of 40 % topical salicylic acid is more than cryotherapy. It can be safely used for the treatment of plantar warts, as no serious side effects were observed in our study. Being cost effective, it provides cheaper treatment option compared with cryotherapy which is quite expensive. Early treatment can help patients to maintain routine daily lives and physical activities such as sports without any pain and side effects. Keywords; Salicylic acid, Cryotherapy, warts.