Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OF THE PROJECT “ AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY STAGES OF SOLAR ERUPTIONS – FROM REMOTE OBSERVATIONS TO ENERGETIC PARTICLES ”

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), one of the most energetic manifestations of solar activity, are complex events, which combine multiple related phenomena occurring on the solar surface, in the extended solar atmosphere (corona), as well as in interplanetary space. We present here an outline of a new collaborative project between scientists from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Bulgaria and the University of Graz, Austria. The goal of the this research project is to answer the following questions: 1) What are the properties of erupting filaments, CMEs, and CME-driven shock waves near the Sun, and of associated solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes in interplanetary space? 2) How are these properties related to the coronal acceleration of SEPs? To achieve the scientific goals of this project, we will use remote solar observations with high spatial and temporal resolution to characterize the early stages of coronal eruption events in a systematic way – studying the preeruptive behavior of filaments and flares during energy build-up, the kinematics and morphology of CMEs and compressive shock waves, and the signatures of high energy non-thermal particles in both remote and in situ observations. ПРЕДСТАВЯНЕ НА ПРОЕКТ “ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ НА РАННИТЕ СТАДИИ НА СЛЪНЧЕВИТЕ ИЗРИГВАНИЯ – ОТ ДИСТАНЦИОННИ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ КЪМ ВИСОКОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИ ЧАСТИЦИ” Камен Козарев, Астрид Верониг, Петър Духлев, Костадинка Колева, Момчил Дечев, Росица Митева, Мануела Темер, Карин Дисауер Институт по Астрономия с НАО – Българска академия на науките Институт по физика, Университет „Карл-Франц“, Грац, Австрия Институт за космически изследвания и технологии – Българска академия на науките e-mail: kkozarev@astro.bas. bg Ключови думи: Коронални изхвърляния на маса, слънчеви високоенергетични частици, коронални ударни вълни, еруптивни влакна Резюме: Короналните изхвърляния на маса (Coronal Mass Ejections – CME), едно от найенергетичните проявления на слънчевата активност, са комплексни събития, съпътствани от множество свързани феномени върху слънчевата повърхност, в слънчевата атмосфера (короната), както и в междупланетното пространство. Тук представяме нов съвместен проект между учени от Българската академия на науките (БАН), България, и Университет “Карл-Франц”, Грац, Австрия. Целта на представения проект е да отговори на следните въпроси: 1) Какви са свойствата на еруптивните протуберанси, короналните изхвърляния на маса и ударните вълни предизвикани от тях в близост до слънцето (в слънчевата корона), както и на произтичащите от тях потоци високоенергетични частици в междупланетното пространство? 2) Как са свързани тези свойства с ускорението на слънчеви високоенергетични частици в короната? За да изпълним научните цели на този проект, ще използваме дистанционни слънчеви наблюдения с висока времева и пространствена разделителна способност, за да изследваме най-ранните етапи на слънчевите изригвания по систематичен начин – като проучим пред-еруптивното поведение на протуберанси и избухвания в
[Effects of comprehensive therapy on serum SPARC levels in ankylosing spondylitis patients accompanied with osteoporosis].

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of comprehensive therapy on serum secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) levels in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients accompanied with osteoporosis (OP), and to explore the possible mechanisms for SPARC in AS patients accompanied with osteoporosis. METHODS Totally 48 AS patients accompanied with OP (Group A) were treated with massage, intravenous infusion of Cervus and Cucumis Polypeptide Injection, and Bushen Quhan Zhiwang Decoction (BQZD) for 3 months. At the same time, 45 normal healthy subjects were recruited as the normal control group (Group B). Serum SPARC levels were measured by ELISA in Group A before and after comprehensive therapy and in those of Group B. The levels of bone mineral density of femoral neck (FN BMD), bone mineral density of 2 -4 lumbar spine (L2-4 BMD), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) were detected. Meanwhile, Bath AS disease activity index (BASDAI) and Bath AS functional index (BASFI) were detected in Group A before and after treatment. The correlations between the aforesaid indices and serum SPARC levels were analyzed. RESULTS Serum SPARC levels were significantly lower in those of Group A than in those of Group B (175. 30 +/- 72.04 micro/L vs 190. 52 +/- 86. 13 microg/ L, P <0. 01). Serum SPARC levels in those of Group A were negatively correlated with TNF-alpha (r = -0.261, P <0.01), positively with L2-4 BMD, TGF-beta1, and BSAP (r =0.437,0.256, 0.385, P <0.05, P <0.01). L2-4BMD and BSAP were independently predictors of serum SPARC in patients of Group A. After comprehensive therapy, the levels of TNF-alpha, BASDAI, and BASFI obviously decreased, TGF-beta1, BSAP, L2-4 BMD, and FN BMD obviously increased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). The serum SPARC levels also significantly increased (188.32 +/- 87.50 microg/L, P <0. 05). CONCLUSION Comprehensive therapy could effectively improve the bone metabolism, clinical symptoms and the activity function of joints, and elevate serum SPARC levels.
The Effectiveness of Decentralized Education Programs : A Multi-Dimensional Regression Discontinuity Approach

This paper develops ideal estimators to causally estimate the effect of two education reforms in India that expanded the access to schooling. These policies differed in their levels of decentralization in decision making. The different administrative levels decided which inputs the funds were allocated for and where the school-building was targeted. Comparing the two policies, I find evidence that the decentralized policy increases literacy rates more than the relatively centralized one. While one of the policies requires a Regression Discontinuity (RD) design, the other uses a multi-dimensional RD (MRD) approach. Since the MRD is new to the literature, I perform a Monte Carlo exercise to determine the ideal estimators, that may be used by researchers in other contexts as well. JEL: C1, O1, I20, I28, C5, O53,
In vivo neuroprotective role of NMDA receptors against kainate‐induced excitotoxicity in murine hippocampal pyramidal neurons

Activation of NMDA receptors has been shown to induce either neuronal cell death or neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons in vitro. We have investigated the effects of pretreatment with NMDA on kainate‐induced neuronal cell death in mouse hippocampus in vivo. The systemic administration of kainate (30 mg/kg), but not NMDA (100 mg/kg), induced severe damage in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields 3–7 days later, without affecting granule neurons in the dentate gyrus. An immunohistochemical study using an anti‐single‐stranded DNA antibody and TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling analysis both revealed that kainate, but not NMDA, induced DNA fragmentation in the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons 1–3 days after administration. Kainate‐induced neuronal loss was completely prevented by the systemic administration of NMDA (100 mg/kg) 1 h to 1 day previously. No pyramidal neuron was seen with fragmented DNA in the hippocampus of animals injected with kainate 1 day after NMDA treatment. The neuroprotection mediated by NMDA was prevented by the non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801. Taken together these results indicate that in vivo activation of NMDA receptors is capable of protecting against kainate‐induced neuronal damage through blockade of DNA fragmentation in murine hippocampus.
Assaultive Behaviour: Before it Happens…

This paper reviews risk factors associated with assaultive behaviour. The author will look at specific risk factors to evaluate when assessing patients with an aggressive potential and he will examine patient-staff relationships that might trigger assaultive behaviour. The author believes that a better knowledge of risk factors allows us to develop preventive attitudes, and these will be discussed in the latter part of this paper.
COMPOUND NEGATIVE BINOMIAL APPROXIMATIONS FOR SUMS OF RANDOM VARIABLES

The negative binomial approximations arise in telecommuni cations, network analysis and population genetics, while compound negative binomial approximations arise, for example, in insurance mathematics. In this paper , w first discuss the approximation of the sum of independent, but not identically d istributed, geometric (negative binomial) random variables by a negative binomial dis tribution, using Kerstan’s method and the method of exponents. The appropriate choices f the parameters of the approximating distributions are also suggested. The ra tes of convergence obtained here improve upon, under certain conditions, some of the kno wn results in the literature. The related Poisson convergence result is also studie d. W then extend Kerstan’s method to the case of compound negative binomial approximat ions and error bounds for the total variation metric are obtained. The approximat on by a suitable finite signed measure is also studied. Some interesting special cases are investigated in detail and a few examples are discussed as well. 2000 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification:Primary: 60E05; Secondary: 62E17, 60F05.
Reduced-rank adaptive multiuser detection in hybrid direct-sequence time-hopping ultrawide bandwidth systems

In this paper a range of reduced-rank adaptive multiuser detectors (MUDs) are proposed and investigated for the hybrid direct-sequence time-hopping ultrawide bandwidth (DS-TH UWB) systems. The adaptive MUDs are operated based on the recursive least square (RLS) principles. Three types of reduced-rank techniques are investigated, which are the principal component (PC), cross-spectral metric (CSM) and Taylor polynomial approximation (TPA). These reduced-rank adaptive techniques are beneficial to achieving low-complexity, high spectral-efficiency and robust detection in hybrid DSTH UWB systems. In this contribution bit error rate (BER) performance of the hybrid DS-TH UWB systems using proposed reduced-rank adaptive MUDs is investigated by simulations, when communicating over UWB channels modelled by the Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) channel model. Our simulation results show that, given a sufficiently high rank of the detection subspace, the reduced-rank adaptive MUDs are capable of achieving a similar BER performance as that of the full-rank ideal minimum mean-square error MUD (MMSE-MUD) but with significantly lower detection complexity. Furthermore, the TPA-based reduced-rank adaptive MUD is capable of yielding a better BER performance than the PC- or CSM-based reduced-rank adaptive MUD, when the same but relatively low rank detection subspace is assumed.
Co-Relational Scrutiny between Dermatoglyphics and Blood Group Patterns Revisited

The bequest of the dermatoglyphic patterns is polygenic. Fingerprint (dactylography / Dermatoglyphics) is well thought-out as the unsurpassed denotes of identification. It was Harold Cummins, 1926 who coined the term dermatoglyphics and provided doorway to many other researchers to explore these ample field. Dermatoglyphics has been widely utilized for formative health both physical and noetic. A range of studies with gender variations Down‟s syndrome, Schizophrenia, Rubella embryopathy and other genetic disorders have been carried out throughout the orb to prove their coalition with dermatoglyphics. The present study was guided by antecedent researches on a sodality between fingerprint pattern and blood group. The distribution of different pattern of fingerprints in individual fingers withal showed some peculiarities in cognation to blood group. To learn about the relationship between these two perennial attributes and reveals the possibility of applying their pertinence. Hence, an endeavour was made to review the literature on these two facets along with its consequentiality.
) norvegicus Rattus Modeling the influence of morphology on the movement ecology of groups of infant rats

Body morphology appears to strongly determine the behavior of infant rats in an arena (May et al., 2006). In this article, we systematically examined the influence of body-flexibility on the group behavior of infant rats (Rattus norvegicus) by comparing one-, two-, and three-segmented simulated rats with 7and 10-day-old rats in an arena. Simulated rats provided very different fits to 7-day-old rat pups compared with 10-day-old pups. With respect to 7-day-old pups, three-segmented rats were similar on 83% of our metrics, two-segmented rats were similar on 33% of our metrics, and one-segmented rats were similar on 66% of our metrics. Both oneand three-segmented simulated agents matched 7-day-old rats better than two-segment agents, but it is still premature to conclude which of the three simulated agents best matched the 7-day-old rats. However, no group of simulated rats was similar to 10-day-old pups on any metric. Our results suggest that morphology strongly determines behavior in groups of 7-day-old rats, but that other mechanisms, from more active intersegment control to more influential top-down control, are required to explain the group behavior of 10-day-old rats.
Comparison of different computer programs to predict the seismic performance of SPEAR building by means of Pushover Analysis the SPEAR building by means of Pushover Analysis

Nowadays several computer programs allow the development of simple and complex nonlinear models and analyses. However, the potentialities and limitations of each program and each type of model should be more clarified in order to turn the application of such methods more common and straightforward, especially in Design offices. The main goal of this study is to compare several nonlinear 3D models of the SPEAR building, using different software packages. In this work, different approaches of a lumped plasticity model are developed using SAP2000, being their performance evaluated by means of nonlinear static results (N2 method is used). The results of the lumped plasticity models are compared with a distributed plasticity model developed in SeismoStruct; a comparison between results is presented and discussed. The results obtained allow a better understanding of the characteristics and potentialities of all procedures, helping the users to choose the best approach to perform 3D nonlinear static analysis.
Conductance step for a single-atom contact in the scanning tunneling microscope: Noble and transition metals.

Conductance steps for atomic point contacts of Au, Ni, and Pt have been measured. Jump-to-contact and jump-to-tunnel processes have been identified and their conductances measured. Differences between conductance steps for noble and transition metals are interpreted as being due to the d orbitals that, in transition metals, provide new channels to the electron conductance. This interpretation is supported by a theoretical analysis, which shows good agreement with the experimental data. @S0163-1829~96! 03323-1#
Effect of cattle manure and zeolite applications on physiological and biochemical changes in soybean grown under water deficit stress

In order to study the effects of cattle manure and zeolite applications on physiological and biochemical changes in soybean grown under conditions of water stress, an experiment was conducted at Varamin, Iran during 2011 growing season. The experimental design was carried out in a randomized complete blocks with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. Main factor was water stress (normal irrigation and irrigation withholding after 50% flowering) and sub factors were included cattle manure (0, 15 and 30 ton per hectare) and zeolite application (with and without). The results showed that water stress significantly decreased relative water content and electrolyte leakage while increased antioxidant enzyme activity. By contrast, zeolite and cattle manure application had positive effect on relative water content and improve of electrolyte leakage. These treatments alleviate enzyme activity and lipid or protein peroxidation. In general, we concluded that zeolite and manure application can ameliorate growth conditions for soybean plants grown under water deficit stress.
Durability And Performance Characteristics Of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

In recent years, the recycling of concrete to produce aggregates suitable for nonstructural concrete applications is emerging as a commercially viable and technically feasible operation. In this paper, we report on performance and durability tests carried out to determine the fresh and hardened properties of concrete made with commercially produced coarse recycled concrete aggregate and natural fine sand. Test results indicate that the difference between the characteristics of fresh and hardened recycled aggregate concrete and natural aggregate concrete is relatively narrower than reported for laboratory-crushed recycled aggregate concrete mixes. For concrete without blast furnace slag, having similar volumetric mix proportions and workability, there was no difference at the 5% significance level in concrete compressive and tensile strengths of recycled concrete and control normal concrete made from natural basalt aggregate and fine sand. Water absorption rates and carbonation of recycled concrete and reference concrete were comparable. However, the abrasion loss of recycled aggregate concrete made with ordinary Portland cement increased by about 12% compared to normal concrete, while the corresponding drying shrinkage was about 25% higher at one year.
EEG experiment for examining the role of human mirror system in the formation of symbolic communication systems

Regarding the role that mirror neuron system plays in the perception process of language or any communication systems, there are two competing views available: the byproduct view and the causation view. Though these two hypotheses suggest very different mechanisms, they are indissociable in traditional before–after experiment design. In this paper, a new experiment paradigm is proposed. By combining the EEG measurement of human mirror system activities and experimental semiotics approach, the competing two views become dissociable. This will not only help us to clarify the role of mirror system in the message perception process, but also enable us to learn more about the neural mechanisms for understanding each other, especially when we need to develop novel communication systems together.
Seeking Medical Help for Sexual Concerns in Mid- and Later Life: A Review of the Literature

Research consistently reports that older people tend not to seek medical help for sexual concerns or difficulties. This article reviews the literature to examine help-seeking for, and doctor–patient interactions about, sexual problems in the middle and later life age groups. Twenty-five articles from 1999 to 2010 were identified and analyzed. Significant barriers to seeking medical help included psychosocial factors relating to the patient, such as thinking that sexual changes were “normal with ageing,” and also to the doctor—for example, assuming that sex was less important to older patients than it was to their younger patients. Inadequate training at medical school for health care professionals (HCPs) was also identified as a barrier. People were more likely to seek help if their doctor had asked about sexual function during a routine visit sometime during the previous three years. However, doctors tended not to take a proactive approach to sexual health management, and indeed often had limited knowledge of later-life sexuality issues. There are clear implications for sexual well-being if the doctor does not ask and the patient does not tell. Providing education about later-life sexuality for HCPs is crucial if we are to meet the needs of older patients in useful and effective ways.
Motor unit recruitment by size does not provide functional advantages for motor performance

• Motor unit recruitment according to size (orderly recruitment) is almost universally observed in human muscles. • Using genetic optimization methods on neuromuscular models, we explored the functional basis for orderly recruitment. • We show that the key features for optimal muscle performance are the number of motor neurons innervating the muscle and the distribution of their innervation numbers, and that a random recruitment order is as effective as a recruitment ordered by size. • This implies that size‐ordered recruitment of motor neurons universally arises due to its intrinsic linkage to innervation number and not for function optimization. • These findings have implications for our understanding of human neural control of movement.
Is a More Financially Open World Riskier ? Dynamic Dependence between Global Financial Openness and the Frequency of Financial Crises

The paper studies co-movement and causality between global financial openness and nearly all known types of financial crises during 1970–2014. It builds on a composite measure of global financial openness, based on three well-established indicators (de-jure, de-facto capital account openness and the KOF economic globalization index). I use linear and nonparametric Granger (no) causality tests as well as wavelet-based techniques to characterize the dynamic dependence, which appears rather weak. Only in case of systemic and triple crises, this dependence is found relatively more robust. I offer two tentative explanations for the weak openness-crisis nexus. First, the impact of global financial openness on the frequency of crises can be indirect, through global macro-fundamentals (world real GDP growth rates, global inflation and commodity prices). Second, capital account liberalization can be self-reinforcing. Despite an increased risk of crises, countries, which have partly implemented such reforms, are likely to proceed. In doing so, they are often guided by their peers in a regional integration agreement. Overall, the findings of the paper question the widespread assertion that increasing global financial openness undermines financial stability.
Almost Periodic Oscillation in a Watt-type Predator-prey Model with Diffusion and Time Delays

In this paper, we consider a Watt-type predatorprey model with diffusion and time delays. Firstly, by means of Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, some new sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of at least one positive almost periodic solution for the above model. Secondly, by using the comparison theorem, we give a permanence result for the model. Thirdly, by constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional, the global asymptotical stability of the model is also investigated. To the best of the author’s knowledge, so far, the results in this paper are completely new. Finally, an example and numerical simulations are employed to illustrate the main result of this paper.