Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Association between Route of HIV Transmission and the Development of Non-AIDS Defining Cancers

Characterization of the Association between Route of HIV Transmission and the Development of Non-AIDS Defining Cancers By Michalina Rubin Since the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) as a treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the number of non-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) defining cancers (NADCs) has increased in the HIV community. NADCs have an increased prevalence in the HIV-positive population compared to their HIV-negative counterparts and account for the majority of the mortality burden in HIV infected people. This study aims to discover if route of transmission of HIV is an independent risk factor for NADCs or merely a proxy measure for other closely associated risk factors. This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study using data from the HIV Atlanta Veterans Administration Cohort Study (HAVACS). The association between HIV transmission route and risk of NADC development was assessed using logistic and polytomous logistic regression. Models were also created for predicting NADC occurrence based on viral, immunologic, and life-style risk factors. The odds of having acquired HIV through male/male sexual (MSM) transmission in the HIVpositive veterans who have a NADC is 1.31 times the odds of having acquired HIV through heterosexual transmission in the HIV-positive HAVACS veterans, with a 95% confidence interval of (0.74, 2.30). The odds of having acquired HIV through intravenous drug use (IDU) in HIV-positive patients who developed any NADC is 1.00 times the odds of having acquired HIV through heterosexual transmission in HIV-positive veterans, with a 95% confidence interval of (0.51, 1.93). Predictive analyses produced c-statistics of 0.77 to 0.89 and showed that viremia, immunosuppression, oncogenic viral co-infections, high risk lifestyle factors, and route of HIV transmission are strong predictors of NADCs in HIV positive veterans. Though no significant associations were found due to sample size limitations, MSM route of HIV transmission appears to pose an increased risk of NADC development. Further studies should be done to validate this association. Characterization of the Association between Route of HIV Transmission and the Development of Non-AIDS Defining Cancers
Translation , Theory and Practice : an Interactive Approach

In this article, the development and assessment of a web-course in translation specifically designed for online collaborative learning will be analysed. After discussing the concepts of collaboration lea rning, problem-based learning and computer-supported colla boration learning within the constructivist paradig m it will seek to demonstrate that the field of translat ion lends itself particularly well to these online collaborative modes of learning. It will then discuss the pedagog ical considerations behind the creation of the coll aborative “Say what you mean. Mean what you say” translation website and investigate how Modern Languages studen s at Northumbria University reacted to using it. This investigation will focus on the impact of online c ollaboration on learners’ achievement, satisfaction and participati on. By highlighting the contrast between learners’ very positive feedback and high level of satisfaction with their m xed achievement and participation that stemmed fr om their difficulties in applying the skills necessary to ta ke full advantage of an online collaborative settin g t will discuss the merits and pitfalls of collaboration le arning. It will conclude on the crucial importance of key skills for online collaboration to be successful and the i mpact this has on universities’ e-learning strategy .
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND ADOPTION OF IMPROVED CASSAVA TECHNOLOGIES : A STRATEGY FOR RURAL TRANSFORMATION IN OBUBRA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA , CROSS RIVER STATE , NIGERIA

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Cross River University of Technology (CRUTECH), Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria Corresponding author’s email: bon4all_2006@yahoo.com, Mobile phone No.: 08133555422 This study analyzed adoption of improved cassava technologies: A strategy for rural transformation in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State. Data were collected from one hundred and twenty improved cassava farmers from Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed in this study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, specifically, multiple regression analysis. The result showed that 25.83% of them earned between N11,000.00-N20,000. Only 16.67% of the respondents earned farm income between N1,000.00-N10,000.00. The regression analysis, however, revealed that education, agricultural extension visit, effective agricultural communication strategy and adoption of improved cassava technologies has positive influence on output of improved cassava production and are significant at 5 percent level of significance. It was therefore recommended that the government should post more extension agents to the study area since agricultural extension visit/training of cassava farmers on adoption of new technologies in cassava production has positive influence on output of improved cassava produced in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State. Improved cassava farmers in the study area should use labour saving machines for cassava production.
Median nerve electrical stimulation causes wake-promotion by downregulating the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid b receptor via orexins pathway in comatose rats caused by traumatic brain injury

Our previous studies have shown that median nerve electrical stimulation (MNS) causes wake-promotion by activating the orexins system in traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced comatose rats. To better understand the mechanism of MNS induced wake promotion, the purpose of this experiment was to investigate the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid b receptor (GABAbR) in the prefrontal cortex after MNS in comatose rats, as well as the relationship between GABAbR and the orexins system. One hundred and twenty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group, TBI group, stimulated group and an antagonist group. We established TBI models by free fall drop. In the stimulated group, the TBI induced comatose rats were stimulated by the median nerve. In the antagonist group, comatose rats were given SB334867, an orexin receptor 1 antagonist, by intracerebroventricular injection and MNS. Then, the behavior changes were evaluated and the expression of GABAbR was detected by the western-blot and immunohistochemistry at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. Results showed that 5 of 30 rats were awakened in the TBI group, 22 of 30 awakened in the stimulated group and 13 of 30 rats were awakened in the antagonist group. The expression of GABAbR in the prefrontal cortex in different groups was as follows: control group < stimulated group < antagonist group < TBI group (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data indicated that MNS has wake-promoting effects in comatose rats caused by TBI. One possible mechanism is that MNS might decrease the expression of GABAbR via the orexins pathway.
The Double Auction Market and Inequality

Do markets exacerbate inequalities? We compare distributional outcomes produced by robot-populated double auction markets to a well-defined theoretical benchmark. We examine robot trading in two double auction environments with identical aggregate supply and demand curves but different individual agent supply and demand curves. The Law of Supply and Demand predicts the same theoretical competitive equilibrium price and quantity for the two treatments. The first market environment is constructed such that in competitive equilibrium the resulting profits are equal for all agents. The second treatment is constructed to yield substantial income inequality in competitive equilibrium. We model two types of trading strategies“zero intelligence” traders and “snipers” who are more sophisticated than “zero-intelligence” traders in two market environments. We compare our observations to the outcomes predicted by competitive equilibrium theory regarding transaction prices, allocative efficiency and the distribution of profits among traders, varying the proportion of snipers in the market. The predictions of the competitive theory are consistent with outcomes for low volumes of snipers in the market. As the volume of snipers in the markets increases, the competitive predictions, however, are not consistent with observed outcomes. Most importantly, in scenarios where allocative efficiency falls short of competitive equilibrium predictions, the inequality based on the observed distribution of profits among traders is larger than the inequality predicted by the competitive equilibrium.
To the men in my life: My husband Svante My sons Pontus, Jonas, Axel och Gustav And my father Viking Olov

Frid, C. 2003. Children with Down Syndrome an epidemiological study with special focus on congenital heart defects. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1218. 62 pp. ISBN 91-554-5496-8 To assess the impact of congenital malformations in Down syndrome (DS) on morbidity, mortality and outcome at birth, information on all children with DS born in the northern part of Sweden in 197380 (n=211) and 1995-98 (n=88) was collected. Most common were congenital heart defects (CHD), dominated by atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD). Up to age 10 years, morbidity and mortality were more than 10 times higher in DS children with CHD than in healthy DS children. The DS children seemed more vulnerable at birth than Swedish children in general: they had increased frequencies of Cesarean sections, premature birth, asphyxia, and low birthweight, and higher proportions of children small for gestational age, regardless of the presence of CHD. Infant mortality decreased from 14.2% to 2.3% between the two periods. All children with AVSD with and without DS born in Sweden 1973-1997 (n=801) were followed up retrospectively to 2001. Children with isolated AVSD without complex additional CHDs were studied more closely (n=502). A reduction in age at operation and postoperative mortality (from 28 to 1%) was observed. No significant difference in 5-year postoperative mortality between genders or between DS and non-DS children was found. The 5-year postoperative mortality in DS decreased from 35% in 1973-77 to about 10% in 1993-97. CHD had a major influence on morbidity, infectionrate and mortality in DS, but not on DS birth variables. The formerly high mortality in CHD is now reduced. In isolated AVSD measures seem equally successful in DS and non-DS children. Mortality is still 3 times higher in DS children with isolated AVSD than in healthy DS children.
Determination of Agricultural Characteristics of Some Silage Sorghum and Sudan Grass Varieties Grown as Second Product

The aim of this paper was to investigate some plant traits and yield of silage sorghum cultivars and sudangrass grown as the second crop in the center of agricultural research and applying, in the 2015 year. In the experiment was used three sorghum (Rox, Early Sumac, and Leoti), two sorghum x sudangrass hybrid (Nutri Honey and Hay Day) and one, Sudan-grass (Gözde 80) under irrigated conditions of Iğdır. The experimental layout was completely randomized block design with three replicates. Plant height of cultivars (cm), dry matter ratio (%), green herbage and dry matter yield (kg da-1), leaf ratio (%), the stem ratio (%), ear rate (%), the number of leaves per plant and the plant weight (g) was determined in the trial. According to results of experiments, plant heights (197.1-299.4 cm), green yield (3482-8337 kg da-1), dry matter ratio (32.0-38.0 %), dry matter yield (1141.2-2658.1 kg da-1), leaf ratio (15.7-20.0%), the stem ratio (71-78 %), the panicle ratio (7.3-9.3%), the number of leaves (9.5-12.5), the plant weight (375.5-875.4 g plant-1) was obtained. Additionally, positive and a significant correlation was observed between the of plant weight and the dry matter yield on the green herbage yield, but the effects of plant height, leaf, stem, leaves rates were insignificant. These results suggested that Hay Day, Leoti and Early Sumac will be able to grow as a silage in respect of green herbage and dry matter yields under the ecological condition of this region.
1 Volume 12 ( 1 ) , 2010 Course and Outcome of Critically ill Obstetric Patients in the ICUs of a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

Research Question: What is the course and outcome of critically ill obstetric patients? Aims: To study the spectrum, hospital course, required interventions, maternal mortality in critically ill obstetric patients and to identify the risk factors associated with it. Settings: Medical ICUs Study design: Retrospective study Patients: All obstetric patients admitted during the period of March 2008 to March 2009 Results: Out of 29 obstetric patients 22(76%) patients were postpartum, five antepartum and two post abortion. Maternal mortality was 24% (n=7). Five (18%) of the patients had ARDS and 18(63%) patients needed ventilatory support. The mean APACHE II score was 11.8±4.61 with median value of scoring as 12 and predicted mortality of 12%. Among the 7 patients who expired, 3(42.8%) deaths were due to post partum haemorrhage, and one each due to post abortal sepsis, post partum sepsis with renal failure, cerebral venous thrombosis and acute viral hepatitis with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).
Towards Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection Based on Short Wave Infrared Imaging and Spectral Signatures

Biometric verification systems are currently being deployed in numerous large-scale andeveryday applications. Among other vulnerabilities, presentation attacks directed to thesensor (e.g., using a face mask or a gummy finger) pose a severe security threat. To preventsuch attacks, presentation attack detection (PAD) techniques have been proposed in thelast decade. For the particular case of fingerprint recognition, most approaches are basedon conventional optical or capacitive sensors, acquiring a single image, and which can thusdetect only a limited number of materials used to fool the sensor.In this paper we propose a PAD algorithm based on normalised spectral signaturesextracted from ShortWave InfraRed (SWIR) images captured at four different wavelengths.It has been shown that the information contained in the selected SWIR wavelengths canhelp to discriminate skin from other materials. The extracted features are classified usinga Support Vector Machine (SVM), thereby yielding a fast real-time performance which canbe implemented on almost any application. The experimental evaluation shows that allbut one material considered can be detected, including unknown materials (i.e., not usedto train the classifier).
Impact of Environmental Concern, Advertisement and Word Of Mouth on Green Purchase Behavior: An Analysis from Pakistan

Environmental concern, Advertisement and Word of mouth are the important predictor of green purchasing behavior. This study is done to examine the impact of environmental concern, advertisement and word of mouth with green purchase behavior. Green marketing practices are lack in Pakistani market as compare to other countries. There was need to identify the reason of this problem. Findings of our study revealed that environmental concern, advertisement and word of mouth significantly impact on green purchase behavior. Further those different steps should be taken in order to increase the positive word of mouth as this variable can impact more on green purchase behavior as compared to other variables.
TO AUTOMATED DESIGN AND INVESTIGATION OF CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIERS

In this paper a procedure for automated design and investigation of the class E power amplifier is developed using the possibilities of a general-purpose circuit analysis program such as PSpice. The integration of the design and analysis stages allows reuse of the design procedure as well as fast power amplifier components sizing and characteristics assessment. Power amplifiers are the most power consuming building blocks of RF transceivers. Their efficiency is expressed by the part of the dc power, which is converted to RF power. The main parameters for power amplifier efficiency assessment and comparison are the drain efficiency (DE), power-added efficiency (PAE) and overall efficiency [1]. In the present paper they are automatically calculated from the simulation results using postprocessing in the graphical analyzer Probe. In addition, based on parametric analysis, the efficiency characteristics and the output power are automatically obtained as a function of the supply voltage, operating frequency, number of the transistor gates, etc. Based on macrodefinitions in Probe, calculation of RMS input and output powers is accomplished. Examples are presented illustrating the applicability of the proposed approach to computer-aided design and investigation of the class E power amplifiers. It allows an adequate and fast obtaining of the amplifier characteristics, comparison of variants, as well as performance optimization at the design stage.
An exploration of the relationship between vicarious racism , police videos , and their impact on the Facebook consumer

This quantitative exploratory study used conflictual police videos on Facebook as a marker for vicarious racial trauma on social media to investigate its correlation with trauma symptoms. The literature has yet to examine the impact of vicarious trauma experienced on social media. This study collected data from participants who completed an anonymous online questionnaire reflecting on previous experiences watching conflictual police videos. The findings suggest: a positive correlation between vicarious racial trauma experienced on Facebook with trauma symptoms; that police shooting videos had a stronger correlation to trauma symptoms compared to police arrest videos; and a moderate relationship between negative past police interactions and trauma symptoms. Although the findings did not reach statistical significance, it suggests an association between vicarious racial trauma experienced on social media and trauma symptoms, which would warrant future research. The limitations to this investigation are discussed, and suggestions for future research are outlined. AN EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VICARIOUS RACISM, POLICE VIDEOS, AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE FACEBOOK CONSUMER A project based upon an independent investigation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work.
Effect of drying temperatures on antioxidant properties of Napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum )

This study was carried out to determine the effect of oven drying temperatures on antioxidant properties of Napier grass. Fresh samples of Napier grass were oven dried at 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 °C for 7 h. Fresh and dried samples were extracted with water (95 °C, 30 min) and the extracts were analysed for total phenolic content (TPC) assay, total flavonoid content (TFC) assay, diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The data show significant changes in TPC and TFC of Napier grass. DPPH radical scavenging activity of all the samples were significantly increased after drying. Ferric reducing potential of fresh Napier grass extract (71.31 ± 1.30) and samples dried at 50 °C (66.62 ± 2.77) and 90 °C (65.58 ± 5.98) were not significant. Sample dried at 50 °C showed no significant difference with that of fresh Napier grass extract in FTC and TBA assay indicating it is a recommended drying temperature in preserving antioxidants. The results suggested that Napier grass extract possess high antioxidant properties and it can be potent natural antioxidants. It also shows that sample dried at 50 °C have the greatest antioxidant properties.
The effective use of computers and graphing calculators in college algebra

Statement of the problem. This study addressed the current problem of obtaining quantitative literacy among college students. In particular, the study focused on enhancing achievement with the use of technology in the form of computers and graphing calculators. The purpose of this study was to: (a) develop a computer-assisted instructional module to aid in the instruction of functions using concrete visualization, (b) use the module and the graphing calculator to aid in the instruction of functions through concrete visualization, (c) use this technology to aid in mathematical modeling, and (d) investigate the effects of this technology on the achievement and attitude of college algebra students. Methods. Sixty-eight subjects were equally divided into experimental and control groups. Data collection instruments included: the Mathematics Department Algebra Test (MDAT), which measures basic algebra knowledge; the College Algebra Achievement Test (CAAT), which measures college algebra knowledge with a focus on functions; the Mathematical Modeling Achievement Test (MMAT), which measures modeling knowledge in terms of real-world problem solving; and the View of Mathematics Inventory (VMI), which assesses attitudes toward mathematics. Pretests and posttests of the MDAT, CAAT, MMAT, and VMI were administered to all students. Gain scores were compared using a two-sample t test statistic. Also, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality and the Wilcoxon nonparametric test were used. Results. Results were significant in student achievement in the understanding of the concept of functions (p $<$.025) and in mathematical modeling (p $<$.05). The overall group attitude of students toward learning mathematics with the use of technology was not significant. Conclusions. The experimental group had a better understanding of the algebra concepts and of modeling real-world problem solving applications through the use of concrete visualization. Students' attitudes toward mathematics remained basically the same for both groups. However, students in the experimental group reported that the computer-assisted instruction module designed for this study, the TI-81 graphing calculator, and the DERIVE software were highly effective tools and enhanced their understanding of the concept of functions and mathematical modeling. Through the use of technology, computers and graphing calculators, students have enhanced their concept images with regard to functions and modeling.