Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of Unliganded Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin

ABSTRACT Here we report the crystal structure of hemagglutinin (HA) from influenza B/Hong Kong/8/73 (B/HK) virus determined to 2.8 Å. At a sequence identity of ∼25% to influenza A virus HAs, B/HK HA shares a similar overall structure and domain organization. More than two dozen amino acid substitutions on influenza B virus HAs have been identified to cause antigenicity alteration in site-specific mutants, monoclonal antibody escape mutants, or field isolates. Mapping these substitutions on the structure of B/HK HA reveals four major epitopes, the 120 loop, the 150 loop, the 160 loop, and the 190 helix, that are located close in space to form a large, continuous antigenic site. Moreover, a systematic comparison of known HA structures across the entire influenza virus family reveals evolutionarily conserved ionizable residues at all regions along the chain and subunit interfaces. These ionizable residues are likely the structural basis for the pH dependence and sensitivity to ionic strength of influenza HA and hemagglutinin-esterase fusion proteins.
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant evaluation and total phenolic content of the leaves and stem bark of Musanga cecropioides R.Br. ex Tedlie (Cecropiaceae), growing in Gabon

Musanga cecropioides R.Br. ex Tedlie (Cecropiaceae) is a plant used in the Gabonese traditional medicine in the treatment of various infectious and systemic diseases. In order to evaluate the pharmacological importance of this plant, phytochemical constituents of aqueous alcoholic extracts of the stem bark and leaves were screened using standard procedures. The in vitro antioxidant and total phenolic content of these extracts were determined using the free radical scavenging activity based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, respectively. Phytochemistry results revealed the presence of phenols, coumarins, gallic tannins and triterpenes in both parts of the plant, while flavonoids and alkaloids were specifically present in leaves and in stem bark, respectively. M. cecropioides stem bark extract displayed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.29±0.02 μg/ml), while stem bark and leaves extracts showed comparable polyphenol content (40.26±3.12 mg/g and 40.69±6.43 of extract, respectively). This study demonstrated that M. cecropioides stem bark and leaf extracts contain many phytochemicals, with an important amount of phenolic compounds, and possess antioxidant activities.
LES RELATIONS FAMILIALES À L'ÉPREUVE DE L'INCARCÉRATION solidarités et sentiments à l'ombre des murs

Cette recherche repose sur une sociologie participante et l'analyse de plus de 130 entretiens semi-directifs, menes avec des personnes incarcerees, des proches de detenu(e)s et des ex-detenu(e)s, sur les themes de la famille, de l'intimite et de la sexualite. Les ajustements familiaux aux contraintes de l'incarceration varient pendant le parcours carceral, selon le type de delit/crime reproche et les ressources (sociales, culturelles, etc. ) de l'individu et de son entourage. Les effets tangibles de l'enfermement sur l'intimite et la sexualite (du detenu et de ses proches) revelent la fonction sociale de la prison (malgre son humanisation) et dementent la notion d'individualite des peines. La socialisation carcerale (" faire son temps ") ecarte d'autant mieux le detenu de ses proches que la famille est souvent consideree comme la cause principale de la delinquance et que les proches sont stigmatises comme coupables par association : les ruptures des liens familiaux incluent donc des formes de protection des proches et de preservation de soi. Enjoint de se montrer apte a la liberation, le detenu dispose pourtant, avec ses proches, des meilleurs garants d'une reinsertion reussie. Malgre leur forte stigmatisation et leur faible prise en consideration par le systeme carceral, les proches de detenus sont pourtant sommes de mettre en œuvre une solidarite familiale.
Discourses of Danger and the Computer Hacker

This article argues that the hacker is constructed as an information deviant and that this image is helpful in providing rules for appropriate behavior in an information society. The hacker accounts in this article are designed to give the reader an understanding of the types of things being said about hackers. What is more important, however, is how these narratives are used to support a specific notion of property ownership and government secrecy. In making this argument, this article traces the development of the narrative about the hacker from harmless computer nerd to terrorist.
Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Reduced-Volume Oral Picosulfate and a Prepackaged Low-Residue Diet With 4-Liter PEG Solution for Bowel Preparation

BACKGROUND: Reduced-volume bowel preparation with a low-residue diet prior to colonoscopy would result in better patient compliance and sufficient bowel preparation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of reduced-volume sodium picosulfate and a prepackaged low-residue diet with that of the standard bowel preparation using 4 L of PEG solution. DESIGN: Prospective, single center, single blind, active control, randomized study (NCCCTS-12–619, KCT0000470). SETTING: Ambulatory outpatient clinic at the National Cancer Center, Republic of Korea. PATIENTS: A total of 194 subjects were randomly assigned for this study, 97 in each group. After exclusions, 94 subjects in the Picolight group and 90 in the PEG group completed the study and were analyzed. INTERVENTIONS: Sodium picosulfate with a prepackaged low-residue, one-day diet or 4-L PEG for bowel preparation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success rate of the bowel preparation, tolerability, adverse events, cecal intubation time, polyp detection rate and adenoma detection rate. RESULTS: The bowel preparation success rate was significantly higher (91.5% vs. 81.1%, p = 0.04) and the rates of adverse events, including abdominal distension, pain, nausea, vomiting and abdominal discomfort, were significantly lower in the picosulfate group than the PEG group. Cecal intubation times and the polyp and adenoma detection rates were similar in the 2 groups. LIMITATIONS: Single center, limited population, all colonoscopies were performed in the morning. CONCLUSIONS: Bowel preparation with low-volume oral picosulfate and a prepackaged low-residue diet enhances colon cleansing and is better tolerated than the standard bowel preparation.
Cannabis Use and Obesity and Young Adults

Background: There is shortage of evidence about the relationship between use of cannabis and obesity. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between cannabis use and overweight/obesity in young adults. Methods: Data were from a 21-year follow-up of mothers and their children recruited into the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a longitudinal pre-birth cohort. The study is based on 2566 young adults (1264 males and 1302 females) who had data available on cannabis use and age of initiation to use of cannabis and BMI at the 21-year follow-up (MUSP children). Those who did not provide data on cannabis use and BMI were excluded from the analysis. Results: Frequency of cannabis use and body mass index (BMI) was assessed at the 21-year follow-up. Potential confounders were prospectively measured between the child's birth and the 21-year follow-up. Some 50.9% of young adults reported use of cannabis in the last month or year and 34.1% had BMI ≤ 25. Multivariate analysis showed that those who had used cannabis were less likely to be categorised in the BMI ≥ 25 group with the least prevalence of overweight/obesity being observed in every day cannabis users (odds ratio = .2; 95% confidence interval [CI]:.1–.4). Conclusions and Scientific Significance: The existing data suggest lower prevalence of overweight and obesity among young adult cannabis users. Further research is needed to examine the mechanism of this association.
Controlling Images: How Awareness of Group Stereotypes Affects Black Women’s Well-Being

This paper presents research exploring how stereotypes that are simultaneously racialized and gendered affect Black women. We investigated the mental and physical health consequences of Black women’s awareness that others hold these stereotypes and tested whether this association was moderated by the centrality of racial identity. A structural equation model tested among 609 young Black women revealed that metastereotype awareness (i.e., being aware that others hold negative stereotypes of one’s group) predicted negative mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, hostility), which, in turn, predicted diminished self-care behaviors and greater drug and alcohol use for coping. High racial centrality exacerbated the negative association between metastereotype awareness and self-care. We discuss implications of the findings for clinical practice and for approaches to research using intersectionality frameworks.
Comparative histology of some craniofacial sutures and skull‐base synchondroses in non‐avian dinosaurs and their extant phylogenetic bracket

Sutures and synchondroses, the fibrous and cartilaginous articulations found in the skulls of vertebrates, have been studied for many biological applications at the morphological scale. However, little is known about these articulations at the microscopic scale in non‐mammalian vertebrates, including extant archosaurs (birds and crocodilians). The major goals of this paper were to: (i) document the microstructure of some sutures and synchondroses through ontogeny in archosaurs; (ii) compare these microstructures with previously published sutural histology (i.e. that of mammals); and (iii) document how these articulations with different morphological degrees of closure (open or obliterated) appear histologically. This was performed with histological analyses of skulls of emus, American alligators, a fossil crocodilian and ornithischian dinosaurs (hadrosaurids, pachycephalosaurids and ceratopsids). Emus and mammals possess a sutural periosteum until sutural fusion, but it disappears rapidly during ontogeny in American alligators. This study identified seven types of sutural mineralized tissues in extant and extinct archosaurs and grouped them into four categories: periosteal tissues; acellular tissues; fibrous tissues; and intratendinous tissues. Due to the presence of a periosteum in their sutures, emus and mammals possess periosteal tissues at their sutural borders. The mineralized sutural tissues of crocodilians and ornithischian dinosaurs are more variable and can also develop via a form of necrosis for acellular tissues and metaplasia for fibrous and intratendinous tissues. It was hypothesized that non‐avian dinosaurs, like the American alligator, lacked a sutural periosteum and that their primary mode of ossification involved the direct mineralization of craniofacial sutures (instead of intramembranous ossification found in mammals and birds). However, we keep in mind that a bird‐like sutural microstructure might have arisen within non‐avian saurichians. While synchondroseal histology is relatively similar in archosaurs and mammals, the microstructural differences between the sutures of these two clades are undeniable. Moreover, the current results suggest that the degree of sutural closure can only accurately be known via microstructural analyses. This study sheds light on the microstructure and growth of archosaurian sutures and synchondroses, and reveals a unique, undocumented histological diversity in non‐avian dinosaur skulls.
Impacto da hospitalização na independência funcional de idosos com doenças cardiovasculares

evaluar el impacto de la hospitalizacion sobre la independencia funcional de pacientes ancianos con enfermedades cardiovasculares. Metodos: estudio transversal, llevado a cabo con 201 historias clinicas de los ancianos hospitalizados en 2011 en una institucion de referencia en cardiologia en Belem-PA. Para el analisis de los datos, se utilizo el programa estadistico Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0, mediante la aplicacion de la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, asumiendo nivel α=5% y valor de P ≤ 0,05. Resultados: fueron de sexo masculino (60,8%); edad media de 71,1 anos; diagnostico de hospitalizacion fue infarto agudo de miocardio (39.3%). Los principales cambios para el autocuidado ocurrieron el plazo de 3-15 dias de hospitalizacion, sobre todo la higiene, mientras que mas de 15 dias permanecen influyeron en la capacidad de disfrazarse y de transferencia. Conclusiones: la hospitalizacion ha influenciado negativamente en la independencia funcional de los ancianos y afectando directamente a la enfermeria ayuda
Uterine effects of clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective controlled study.

BACKGROUND Previous data on the efficacy of clomiphene citrate, the most commonly used drug for treating anovulatory infertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), have shown a discrepancy between ovulation and pregnancy rates. In the present subanalysis (of a larger previously published randomized controlled trial), the effect of clomiphene citrate on several ultrasonographic markers of uterine receptivity in PCOS patients who ovulated under treatment was studied. METHODS Thirty-three PCOS women who ovulated under 150 mg daily clomiphene citrate and 33 healthy controls were studied. Uterine, subendometrial and endometrial blood flows, endometrial thickness and pattern were assessed using serial ultrasonographic assessments. The data were analysed before and after grouping the clomiphene citrate-stimulated ovulatory cycles for reproductive outcome [unfavourable (ovulation alone or early pregnancy loss) or favourable outcome (clinical pregnancy and/or live birth)]. RESULTS Both before and during treatment, uterine vascularity assessed at all sites was significantly lower in the PCOS group than in controls. Endometrial thickness and pattern were impaired in the PCOS group under clomiphene citrate treatment. A significant difference in all ultrasonographic parameters was observed between cycles ending in unfavourable versus those ended in favourable outcome. CONCLUSIONS Clomiphene citrate administration alters several surrogate ultrasonographic parameters of uterine receptivity, and this effect could be crucial for its efficacy.
Adriamycin in hyperthermic perfusion for advanced limb sarcomas.

From February 1989 to April 1991, 12 hyperthermic limb perfusions (HLP) with adriamycin (ADR) were performed in 12 patients with high grade soft tissue sarcomas (9 in the leg and 3 in the arm); two were at A.J.C. stage IIb, eight stage IIIb and two stage IV. ADR (0.7-1.5 mg/kg) was administered in bolus at a mean temperature of 41.5 degrees C and perfused for 60 min. No systemic toxicity was reported; seven patients had grade II locoregional toxicity, another four grade III and one grade IV. Tumor necrosis (radiological evaluation) was less than 25% in two patients, 25% to 50% in two, 50% to 75% in five and greater than 75% in three. Limb sparing surgery was feasible in ten patients. At present eight patients are alive; three had local recurrence and four distant metastases.
The effects of decreased audibility produced by high-pass noise masking on cortical event-related potentials to speech sounds/ba/and/da.

This study investigated the effects of decreased audibility produced by high-pass noise masking on cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) N1, N2, and P3 to the speech sounds /ba/and/da/presented at 65 and 80 dB SPL. Normal-hearing subjects pressed a button in response to the deviant sound in an oddball paradigm. Broadband masking noise was presented at an intensity sufficient to completely mask the response to the 65-dB SPL speech sounds, and subsequently high-pass filtered at 4000, 2000, 1000, 500, and 250 Hz. With high-pass masking noise, pure-tone behavioral thresholds increased by an average of 38 dB at the high-pass cutoff and by 50 dB one octave above the cutoff frequency. Results show that as the cutoff frequency of the high-pass masker was lowered, ERP latencies to speech sounds increased and amplitudes decreased. The cutoff frequency where these changes first occurred and the rate of the change differed for N1 compared to N2, P3, and the behavioral measures. N1 showed gradual changes as the masker cutoff frequency was lowered. N2, P3, and behavioral measures showed marked changes below a masker cutoff of 2000 Hz. These results indicate that the decreased audibility resulting from the noise masking affects the various ERP components in a differential manner. N1 is related to the presence of audible stimulus energy, being present whether audible stimuli are discriminable or not. In contrast, N2 and P3 were absent when the stimuli were audible but not discriminable (i.e., when the second formant transitions were masked), reflecting stimulus discrimination. These data have implications regarding the effects of decreased audibility on cortical processing of speech sounds and for the study of cortical ERPs in populations with hearing impairment.
Desarrollo de modelos epidemiológicos cuantitativos para el análisis del riesgo de introducción y difusión potencial de los virus de la fiebre aftosa y de la peste porcina clásica en España

Los objetivos de esta tesis han sido, por un lado, identificar las zonas y periodos con mayor riesgo de introduccion de los virus de la fiebre aftosa (VFA) y de la peste porcina clasica (VPPC) en Espana y, por otro, caracterizar su difusion una vez dentro de nuestras fronteras. Para ello se han desarrollado cuatro modelos, dos para el analisis del riesgo de introduccion y otros dos para evaluar su potencial difusion. [ABSTRACT]The objectives of this thesis have been, first, to identify areas and periods with increased risk of introduction of Foot-and-Mouth virus (FMDV) and Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) in Spain and, second, to characterize their spread once introduced into the country. For that reason, four models have been developed, two for the analysis of the risk of introduction and two others for the evaluation of the potential disease spread.
Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists Cause Differential Cardiac Gene Expression in Pressure Overload-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy

Abstract: Pharmacological blockade of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) is known as an efficacious therapy in chronic heart failure. Therapy with steroidal MR antagonists such as spironolactone or eplerenone (EPL) is often limited because of side effects. Recently, a new highly selective and potent, nonsteroidal MR antagonist, finerenone (FIN), has been developed. To investigate the effects of FIN on pressure-induced cardiac hypertrophy, the transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model was used in C57BL/6 mice treated with FIN (10 mg·kg−1·d−1), EPL (200 mg·kg−1·d−1) or vehicle (VEH). First, we analyzed cardiac gene expression 4 weeks after TAC using a pathway-focused quantitative polymerase chain reaction array. FIN caused a distinct cardiac gene expression profile compared to VEH and EPL, including differential expression of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) and Tnnt2 (troponin T type 2). FIN treatment led to a significant reduction of TAC-induced left ventricular (LV) wall thickening assessed by echocardiography. In accordance, FIN-treated mice showed a significant lower increase of calculated left ventricular mass compared with VEH- and EPL-treated mice (FIN: 28.4 ± 3.7 mg; EPL: 38.4 ± 4.3 mg; VEH: 39.3 ± 3.1 mg; P < 0.05). These data show beneficial effects of nonsteroidal MR antagonism by FIN on left ventricular mass development in pressure overload associated with a distinct cardiac gene expression profile.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure manifestations reported by patients and witnesses

Purpose: Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) continue to represent a serious diagnostic challenge for neurologists. Video–electroencephalography (EEG) studies have provided detailed knowledge of the spectrum of visible PNES manifestations. However, little is known about how patients or seizure witnesses experience PNES, although many diagnoses in seizure clinics are made on the basis of self‐reported information rather than video‐EEG observations. This study describes the range of PNES manifestations as they are reported by patients or seizure witnesses.
Characterization of large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels in cerebellar Purkinje neurons

We investigated the role of large conductance, calcium‐activated potassium channels (BK channels) in regulation of the excitability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Block of BK channels by iberiotoxin reduced the afterhyperpolarization of spontaneous action potentials in Purkinje neurons in acutely prepared cerebellar slices. To establish the conditions required for activation of BK channels in Purkinje neurons, the dependence of BK channel open probability on calcium concentration and membrane voltage were investigated in excised patches from soma of acutely prepared Purkinje cells. Single channel currents were studied under conditions designed to select for potassium currents and in which voltage‐activated currents were largely inactivated. Micromolar calcium concentrations activated channels with a mean single channel conductance of 266 pS. BK channels were activated by both calcium and membrane depolarization, and showed no sign of inactivation. At a given calcium concentration, depolarization over a 60‐mV range increased the mean open probability (PO) from < 0.1 to > 0.8. Increasing the calcium concentration shifted the voltage required for half maximal activation to more hyperpolarized potentials. The apparent affinity of the channels for calcium increased with depolarization. At −60 mV the apparent affinity was ≈35 µm decreasing to ≈3 µM at +40 mV. These results suggest that BK channels are unlikely to be activated at resting membrane potentials and calcium concentrations. We tested the hypothesis that Purkinje cell BK channels may be activated by calcium entry during individual action potentials. Significant BK channel activation could be detected when brief action potential‐like depolarizations were applied to patches under conditions in which the sole source of calcium was flux across the plasma membrane via the endogenous voltage‐gated calcium channels. It is proposed that BK channels regulate the excitability of Purkinje cells by contributing to afterhyperpolarizations and perhaps by shaping individual action potentials.
Myocardial blood flow and VO2 in conscious lambs with an aortopulmonary shunt.

We measured myocardial blood flow (QLVFW) and O2 consumption of the left ventricular free wall (VO2, LVFW) in 13 chronically instrumented, 7-wk-old lambs with an aortopulmonary left-to-right shunt (S) and in 10 control lambs without a shunt (C). The measured VO2, LVFW was compared with the calculated values obtained by two predictive indexes, the rate-pressure product (RPP) and the pressure-work index (PWI). Measured VO2, LVFW in S lambs was significantly higher than in C lambs [983 +/- 104 (SE) vs. 475 +/- 57 mumol X min-1 X 100 g LV-1, P less than 0.001]. This was achieved by the significantly higher QLVFW (294 +/- 33 vs. 145 +/- 15 ml X min-1 X 100 g LV-1, P less than 0.002), since the arteriovenous O2 difference across the left ventricular free wall was similar in both groups of lambs. Total coronary blood flow per unit body mass in S lambs was higher than in C lambs (14.1 +/- 1.5 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.6 ml X min-1 X kg-1, P less than 0.001), not only because of the increased VO2, LVFW per unit muscle mass, but also because of the increased total heart weight (102.4 +/- 6.4 vs. 81.2 +/- 4.9 g, P less than 0.02). Correct estimation of VO2, LVFW by means of the RPP and the PWI was only possible in C lambs. In S lambs the estimated values were significantly lower than the measured ones. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)