Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cleft Lip and/or Palate: One Organization’s Experience With More Than a Quarter Million Surgeries During the Past Decade

Background A charitable surgical relief organization (Smile Train) enables local physicians in developing countries to provide surgical treatment of cleft lip and/or palate. The following study reviews the epidemiological data from more than 260,000 surgeries performed in India through this organization from 2000 until January 1, 2012. Methods Demographic and clinical patient data were collected from the participating surgeons, recorded in Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA), and analyzed using Software Package for the Social Sciences (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results The distribution of clefts treated was 20.2% of cleft lip, 13.9% of cleft palate (CP), and 65.9% of cleft lip and palate. The overall unilateral-bilateral ratio was 2.49:1 with a left-right ratio of 2.03:1. The male-female ratio was 1.58:1. Of the total patients, 2.67% had associated anomalies. The most frequently performed surgeries included primary repair of a unilateral cleft lip (41.62%), followed by primary repair of a CP (31.15%). The mean age at surgery was 7.91 years. The reported complication rate was 0.88%. Conclusions The data collected are from the largest reported cohort of orofacial cleft patients in India. The cleft type, sex distribution, and overall male predominance resemble previously reported distributions; however, fewer CP patients and greater cleft lip and palate patients presented than would be expected. The frequency of associated anomalies was lower than in previous reports. Although there is significant selection bias to milder cases from lower socioeconomic groups in this study, the large sample size is unique, and the data collected can provide a valuable framework to further study the epidemiology of cleft lip and/or palate in India.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in metastatic colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE To determine the reliability and validity of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in following the response of tumours to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. At present, CEA has an accepted role in detecting recurrence of colorectal cancer following complete resection. DESIGN Retrospective case series. PATIENTS Eighty-one patients with metastatic colorectal cancer seen at the Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre in 1992 whose CEA levels were above the upper limit of normal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in CEA levels as compared with the tumour response to chemotherapy (as assessed by radiologic studies, physical examination and surgery) and with survival. RESULTS Over one-half of the CEA levels measured were not consistent with the tumour responses to chemotherapy. The sensitivity of CEA in following the tumour response was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37 to 0.75) and the specificity was 0.53 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.63). A sample size of 2258 was calculated as necessary to determine the minimum number for establishing the reliability of CEA in measuring tumour response to chemotherapy. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. CEA was found to have no statistical value in determining survival in this group of patients (p = 0.09). Sample size was calculated for the survival statistics; an adequate sample size was used in this study (the minimum necessary being 20). CONCLUSION Neither this study nor a review of the literature supports the use of the CEA level in the setting of metastatic colorectal cancer. Sample size calculations discourage the implementation of a large prospective trial to investigate this topic further.
A Developmental Analysis of the " Psychological " Subject and Predicate of the Sentence

The purpose of this investigation was to study the early development of the distinction between the "psychological" subject and predicate and to determine its relationship to the grammatical subject and predicate distinction. In the first task, kindergarten and 2nd grade subjects were asked to select the most important word in each of several sentences. In the second task, two more groups of children at the same age levels were asked to produce opposites for the same set of sentences. It was found that, whereas the younger children's responses may be accounted for by factors of semantic features of individual words, the older subjects consistently centred on the grammatical predicate as the locus of opposition and most important word. Furthermore, this shift to the predicate in the older children was characterized by an emphasis on the verb.
Daclizumab induction, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids as an immunosuppression regimen for primary kidney transplant recipients1

Background. Recent reports have demonstrated the efficacy of interleukin-2-receptor blockers in lowering the incidence of early acute rejection in cyclosporine-treated kidney recipients when compared to patients not induced with an antibody product. The addition of daclizumab to a tacrolimus-mycophenolate mofetil-based immunosuppressive protocol was tested to evaluate whether there might be an additional reduction of the risk of rejection after renal transplantation. Methods. Since March 1998, we studied the effect of daclizumab in a nonrandomized, prospective study of 233 sequential recipients of first renal transplant. They were retrospective compared with a control group of 225 renal transplant recipients receiving a 10-day course of OKT3 induction, and tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and methylprednisolone maintenance. The study group received the same immunosuppressive regimen with the addition of daclizumab at 1 mg/kg for five doses over 10 weeks in the place of OKT3 therapy. There was at least 1HLA DR antigen compatibility match present between all donors and recipients. Patients were followed for 1 year after renal transplantation for the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection, patient and graft survival, and adverse events. Results. At 12 months, patient and graft survival for the daclizumab was 98 and 96 vs. 96 and 94% for the OKT3 group, respectively, and were not statistically different. Acute rejection rates (<6 months) were lower in the daclizumab group as compared with the OKT3 group, i.e., 5 (2.1%) vs. 16 (7.1%) (P =0.011) respectively. The incidence of infection requiring hospitalization appeared to be lower with daclizumab (7.3 vs. 16%, P <0.0036) with a similar trend with cyclomegalovirus infection, i.e., 1.6 vs. 4%, respectively (P =0.14). Conclusions. The combination of daclizumab, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids is safe and effective for kidney transplant recipients in lowering the incidence of early acute rejection and without any increase in morbidity when compared to our previous protocol, which may have an eventual impact in long-term graft survival.
Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus 16 Seropositivity in Australian Homosexual Men

Background: Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) has been causally associated with approximately 70% of anal cancers. This cancer is markedly increasing among homosexual men. There is limited knowledge of the epidemiology and natural history of anal HPV infection in homosexual men. Methods: Behavioral data and sera for antibodies to HPV16 L1 were collected annually for 1427 HIV-negative and 245 HIV-positive Australian homosexual men. Seroprevalence, seroincidence, and risk factors were calculated. Results: Among HIV-negative men, 25.4% were HPV16 seropositive at baseline compared with 44.3% of HIV-positive men. HPV16 seroincidence was 3.1/100 person-years among HIV-negative men and 1.3/100 person-years among HIV-positive men. Seroincidence among HIV-negative men remained >3% per year until 45 years of age, before declining. In multivariate analyses of data from HIV-negative men, seroprevalent HPV16 was associated with sexual risk behaviors and seropositivity for several viral sexually transmissible infections. Seroincident HPV16 was associated with younger age and unprotected anal intercourse with HIV-positive partners. Among men who predominantly practiced insertive anal intercourse, circumcision was associated with a 57% reduction in seroincident HPV16 (hazard ratio = 0.43, 95% confidence interval: 0.21–0.88, P = 0.021). Conclusions: HPV16 seroincidence remained common in men until their mid 40s suggesting that vaccination may be protective in sexually active young gay men. Both HPV16 seroprevalence and seroincidence correlated well with markers of higher risk sexual activity, particularly receptive anal sexual practices. An association between circumcision and decreased HPV16 seroconversion in HIV-negative men who preferred the insertive position in anal sex was observed.
Determinants of Success for Computer Usage in Small Business

Investigates the factors associated with successful computer use in small manufacturing firms. The proposed factors to influence computer-based information system (CBIS) success are drawn from prior studies of larger firms, based on their perceived importance in the small business setting. The nine success factors are formulated into corresponding hypotheses which test whether small manufacturing firms realize a higher level of CBIS success when they have: (1) greater use of external programming support, (2) higher levels of CBIS planning, (3) a chief executive with greater computer knowledge, (4) a chief executive who is more deeply involved in the computerization of applications, (5) higher levels of computer acceptance by employees, (6) more sophisticated computer controls, (7) used their computers for a longer period of time, (8) higher levels of computer training and (9) on-site computers (versus use of computer services). Success is defined as use of computer-generated reports by top executives, and the impact that the computer applications have on the business. Data were randomly selected from the population of all firms listed in the California Manufacturers Register for 1981. The sample included 93 manufacturing firms located in Los Angeles, employing fewer than 300 persons, and earning less than $30 million in sales revenues. One questionnaire was answered by the CEOs of the firms involved, and a second was completed by information systems administrators. Results indicate that chief executive knowledge of computers and involvement in computer operations are vital to CBIS success. In addition, onsite computer use is associated with CBIS success. The association between computer planning and computer success is weak. Results also show that external programming, employee acceptance of computers, the use of computer controls, length of computer use, and the level of computer training for employees are not associated with CBIS success. (SFL)
A Review of Existing Relational Aggression Programs: Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions

Abstract. Research suggests that involvement in relational aggression is associated with serious adjustment problems, including concurrent and future social maladjustment (e.g., problematic friendships; rejection), internalizing problems (e.g., depressive symptoms), and school avoidance. Despite the burgeoning literature focusing on the harmful and damaging nature of relationally aggressive behavior, this research has only recently begun to be used to inform school-based prevention and intervention programming. This article reviews the developmental research related to relational aggression and presents a systematic examination of nine published school-based prevention and intervention programs to prevent relational aggression. Programs reviewed target preschool through eighth-grade students. Strengths and limitations of each program are discussed. Recommendations are offered for future research to develop and validate school-based programming for relational aggression, and implications for school psychologists are discussed.
Impact of Home Care Management on the Involvement of Informal Caregivers by Formal Caregivers

This study explores the link between management characteristics of home care agencies and the involvement of informal caregivers in caregiving. Based on a study of policy documents of two agencies and semi-structured interviews with five team managers and 31 formal caregivers, we conclude that, although the importance of involving informal caregivers is emphasized in official documentation, actual contact with informal caregivers is often lacking. Comparison of the work processes of the two agencies shows that contact with informal caregivers and their potential involvement are enhanced by smaller teams, less task division, and clarity about the responsibilities of formal caregivers.
SEVERE HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA IN AUTOGRAFT RECIPIENTS DURING ACCELERATED LEUCOCYTE RECOVERY

Recently, Clark & Lee (1995) reported the occurrence of severe hypophosphataemia during stem cell harvesting in a chronic myeloid leukaemia patient. They postulated that the combination of severe anorexia, sepsis, growth-factorstimulated haemopoietic regeneration and the underlying CML was the cause for the hypophosphataemia. We report the occurrence of severe hypohphosphataemia in two autograft recipients. Common characteristics to both patients were the use of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) as autografts, severe mucositis and a steep growth-factorstimulated leucocyte rise. A 44-year-old female was hospitalized in July 1994 for high-dose chemotherapy and PBSC autograft. She had been diagnosed 1 year earlier as suffering from diffuse large cell lymphoma and was treated by the VACOP-B (etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone and bleomycin) protocol. In May 1994 she presented with paraparesis. A CT scan showed a paravertebral mass and she received three courses of DVIP (dexacort, etoposide, ifosfamide and cis-platinum) for a presumed relapse of the lymphoma with good response. PBSC harvesting was carried out with the use of G-CSF. On admission, day -7, she was well, with a normal biochemical profile including serum phosphate level. Highdose chemotherapy using the BEAM protocol (BCNU 300 mg/m2 on day -6, etoposide 400 mg/ m2/d and cytarabine 200mg/m2/d between days -5 and -2 and melphalan 150 mg/m2 on day -1) was given. G-CSF at 5 ,ug/kg/d was started on day 0. The following days were characterized by severe mucositis and anorexia. On day + 3 she developed neutropenic fever without evidence for septicaemia, and broad-spectrum antibiotics including vancomycin were administered. A precipitous fall in the serum phosphate level occurred between days +1 and +lo, reaching a nadir of 0*17mmol/l on day +10 (normal range 0.87-1.45 mmol/l) and necessitating the administration of intravenous phosphate. Fig 1A shows the temporal relationship between the fall in serum phosphate level and the steep rise in the peripheral Ieucocyte count, reaching a peak of 23.6 x 1OY/1 on day +lo. The patient’s course during the following days was characterized by generalized oedema. As severe hypophosphataemia may cause congestive cardiac failure, an echocardiogram was done. However, good contractility of both ventricles was demonstrated and the patient was treated with plasma infusions and diuretics. Otherwise there were no clinical manifestations that could be ascribed to hypophosphataemia. She was discharged from hospital on day +I 7. A 58-year-old female was diagnosed in November 1994 as suffering from non-secreting multiple myeloma. She was treated by alternating courses of VMCPIVBAP
The Pathogenicity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Nef in CD4C/HIV Transgenic Mice Is Abolished by Mutation of Its SH3-Binding Domain, and Disease Development Is Delayed in the Absence of Hck

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein is an important determinant of AIDS pathogenesis. We have previously reported that HIV-1 Nef is responsible for the induction of a severe AIDS-like disease in CD4C/HIV transgenic (Tg) mice. To understand the molecular mechanisms of this Nef-induced disease, we generated Tg mice expressing a mutated Nef protein in which the SH3 ligand-binding domain (P72XXP75XXP78) was mutated to A72XXA75XXQ78. This mutation completely abolished the pathogenic potential of Nef, although a partial downregulation of the CD4 cell surface expression was still observed in these Tg mice. We also studied whether Hck, one of the effectors previously found to bind to this PXXP motif of Nef, was involved in disease development. Breeding of Tg mice expressing wild-type Nef on an hck−/− (knockout) background did not abolish any of the pathological phenotypes. However, the latency of disease development was prolonged. These data indicate that an intact PXXP domain is essential for inducing an AIDS-like disease in CD4C/HIV Tg mice and suggest that interaction of a cellular effector(s) with this domain is required for the induction of this multiorgan disease. Our findings indicate that Hck is an important, but not an essential, effector of Nef and suggest that another factor(s), yet to be identified, may be more critical for disease development.
Complex Contagions Models in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks

Information contagions is one of the key applications in opportunistic mobile social networks (OMSNs). Most of the recent work only considers the simple contagions, in which the “infected” node will infect each of its opinion-free neighbors through simple contact. However, when the behaviors, beliefs, or preferences spread through the social contact, the willingness t o participate may require independent affirmation or reinforcement from multiple sources. In this paper, we first review two complex contagions schemes proposed recently: ring lattice-based complex contagions (RLCC) and grid-based complex contagions (GCC) approaches. However, these two approaches do not consider th e hierarchical structure in social network. Then, we present three novel hierarchical complex contagions models: tree-based complex contagions (TCC), which is a binary tree model; clique-based complex contagions (CCC), in which there is ak-clique and other nodes connect to every node in thek-clique, and hypercube-based complex contagions (HCC), which is a balanced hypercube model. Extensive analysis and simulations are conducted in comparison to these approaches. CCC has the smallest delivery delay when there is only one message, while HCC has the best performance when the number of messages increases. Keywords—Bisection width, complex contagions, diameter, hypercubes, node degree, opportunistic mobile social networks, trees.
A 2013/2014 northern hemisphere season surface antigen inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine - Assessing the immunogenicity and safety in an open label, uncontrolled study

The present study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the 2013/2014 trivalent surface antigen inactivated subunit seasonal influenza virus vaccine Fluvirin® in healthy adults (18 - ≤ 60 years) and elderly (>60 years). The vaccine contained 15 µg haemagglutinin protein from each of influenza A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09–like strain, A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2)–like strain and B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like strain (B/Yamagata) as recommended by the WHO in the 2013/2014 Northern Hemisphere season. Antibody response to each influenza antigen after vaccination was measured prior to vaccination and 21 d after by single radial hemolysis (SRH) assay or hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay in accordance with Guidance CPMP/BWP/214/96. 125 subjects (61 adults and 64 elderly) were enrolled in the study. Pre-vaccination protective antibody levels (SRH area ≥ 25 mm2) against A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and the B strain were detected in 17%, 20% and 57% of adults and in 36%, 20% and 55% of elderly, respectively, Post-vaccination, SRH area ≥ 25 mm2 was detectable in 95%, 82% and 92% in adult and in 80%, 84% and 92% of the elderly subjects for A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and the B strain, respectively. Geometric mean ratio (GMR) was higher in adult subjects (2.62–7.62) than in elderly subjects (2.33–3.42). All three CHMP licensure criteria were met for all strains contained in the vaccine for both age groups. The most frequently reported solicited local and systemic reactions were pain at the injection side, headache and fatigue. In conclusion, the vaccine demonstrated a good immunogenicity and an acceptable safety profile in both adults and elderly.
AglU, a protein required for gliding motility and spore maturation of Myxococcus xanthus, is related to WD‐repeat proteins

The aglU gene of Myxococcus xanthus encodes a protein similar to Het‐E1 (vegetative incompatibility) from Podospora anserina, acylaminoacyl‐peptidase from Bacillus subtilis, and TolB from Escherichia coli. These proteins all have evenly spaced SPDG repeats that are characteristic of a larger motif called the WD‐repeat. The WD‐repeat is predicted to form a β‐propeller structure that mediates the assembly of heteromeric protein complexes. AglU has a consensus lipoprotein attachment motif that includes a type II signal sequence followed by a cysteine residue. This suggests that AglU is matured, then attached to the outer membrane via fatty acid acylation at this Cys. Cells carrying a mutation in aglU are blocked in adventurous gliding and can swarm only if cells are in contact with one another. When starved of nutrients, the aglU mutant aggregates and forms multicellular fruiting bodies like the wild‐type strain, but is unable to produce heat‐resistant spores. This suggests that adventurous gliding motility, per se, is not required for development, but that AglU is essential for a terminal step of spore differentiation.
Stuttering attitudes in Hong Kong and adjacent Mainland China

Abstract The present study aims at studying the public attitudes towards stuttering in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Translated Chinese versions of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA–S) were distributed to convenience samples in Hong Kong and Mainland China, with a total number of 175 completed questionnaires returned in each sampling region (n 5 350). Mean ratings of respondents from Hong Kong and Mainland China were similar in most comparisons; yet, a few differences were noted. Larger but idiosyncratic differences characterized the Chinese respondents compared to more than 4000 respondents from numerous countries and languages around the world in the POSHA–S database archive. Overall, they documented aspects of stereotypes and potential stigma with respect to people who stutter. While premature to provide unambiguous conclusions, results suggest that Chinese respondents have unique stuttering attitudes.
Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Part II: Clinical Aspects, Limitations, and Recent Developments

Mapping and catheter ablation technologies have evolved rapidly over the past 15 years. For many supraventriclar tachycardias radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation has become a reasonable first line therapy. Ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) related to areas of ventricular scar, like prior myocardial infarction has been more difficult; techniques are still evolving. Published results come from centers that have specific interest in this problem. These centers differ in their approach to patient selection, selection of VTs for ablation, method for identifying the ablation target, and method of application of the RF energy. In addition, the definitions of acute and long-term success vary. The differences are important when attempting to assess the efficacy of catheter ablation. Furthermore, examination of these differences serves to highlight the current problems confronted in catheter ablation of VT.