Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Sustainable Mining: The Corporate Role in the Construction of Global Standards

Drawing upon research on the initiatives of Canadian mining companies, this paper examines private efforts in the mining sector to promote acceptable standards of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This paper asks how important emerging global CSR norms have been in influencing the adoption of CSR policies. Sustainable development is a universally accepted principle of environmental protection, and serves as an important indicator of the influence of global CSR norms on mining companies. Most mining companies have embraced the concept of sustainable development to frame their CSR policies. Emerging global CSR norms have thereby set the macro‐level context in which CSR policies have been adopted and evolved at the micro level.
Survey of several red cell and serum genetic markers in a Peruvian population.

Genetic information available on the American Indian (Amerindian) consists largely of blood group data (see [1] and papers cited in [1]). It is generally accepted that these data are insufficient to determine the origin of this population or its relationship to other ethnic groups [2]. Although Amerindian ancestry is considered predominantly Mongoloid, other contributory elements have been sug-gested. For example, some authors [3] point out that Amerindians and Polyne-sians resemble each other serologically more than either resembles the northeast The
The Polaris Oncology Survivorship Transition (POST) System: A Patient- and Provider-Driven Cancer Survivorship Planning Program.

BACKGROUND It is strongly recommended that individuals ending treatment for cancer have a "survivorship plan," and new standards require survivorship planning for accreditation, However, a comprehensive plan is often neglected. OBJECTIVE To present the development and field test results of a web-based, breast cancer survivorship care planning system. METHODS The Polaris Oncology Survivorship Transition (POST) blends input from the electronic health record (EHR), oncology care providers (OCPs), and patients to create a survivorship care plan (SCP). The content of the POST program was created with the assistance of end-user input (patients, oncologists, and primary care providers (PCPs)) and the full program was piloted on women ending treatment for breast cancer. This paper presents the pilot study that field-tested the POST In a clinical setting. Patients were recruited from outpatient care clinics and chemotherapy units in a comprehensive care center. The study included 25 women ending treatment for breast cancer in the past year, 4 OCPs, and PCPs. Patients received the POST computeπzed assessment and a tailored SCP. RESULTS The POST assists providers in crafting efficient and comprehensive SCPs and was rated highly satisfactory by all end-users. DISCUSSION The POST program can be used as a cancer survivorship planning program to assist OCPs in care planning for their patients ending treatment for breast cancer. CONCLUSION This study provides support for Incorporating computerized SCP programs into clinical practice. Use of the POST in clinical practice has the potential to improve survivorship planning.
The Predictive Ability Of Geographic Segment Disclosures

This research is aimed at evaluating whether geographically segmented (GEOG) data provide incremental information about the earnings process. Previous research on segment data has focused on the relevance of line-of-business (LOB) segment reports.1 But, to our knowledge, no similar research has been done on the GEOG disclosures which have been required since the introduction of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 14. The issue of providing segment disclosures has renewed significance because the SEC has been considering the extension of segment disclosures (both LOB and GEOG) to all interim financial statements (Ernst and Whinney [1985] and Craven and Feller [1984]). 2 In addition, segment
Generic head models for atlas‐based EEG source analysis

We describe a method for using a generic head model, in the form of an anatomical atlas, to produce EEG source localizations. The atlas is fitted to the subject by a nonrigid warp using a set of surface landmarks. The warped atlas is used to compute a finite element model (FEM) of the forward mapping or lead‐fields between neural current generators and the EEG electrodes. These lead‐fields are used to localize current sources from the subject's EEG data and the sources are then mapped back to the anatomical atlas. This approach provides a mechanism for comparing source localizations across subjects in an atlas‐based coordinate system, which can be used in the large fraction of EEG studies in which MR images are not available. The Montreal brain atlas was used as the reference anatomical atlas and 10 individual MR volumes were used to evaluate the method. The atlas was fitted to each subject's head by a thin‐plate‐spline (TPS) warp. The spatial locations of a generic 155‐electrode configuration were used to constrain the warp. For the purposes of evaluation, dipolar sources were placed on the inner cortical surface in the atlas geometry and transferred to each subject's brain space using a polynomial warp. The parameters of the warp were computed using an intensity‐based matching of the atlas and subject brains, thus ensuring that the sources were placed at approximately the same anatomical location in each case. Data were simulated in the subject geometry and a dipole fit was performed on these data using an FEM of the TPS warped atlas. The source positions found in the warped atlas were transferred back to the original atlas and compared to the original position. Sources were simulated at 972 locations evenly distributed over the inner cortical surface of the atlas. The mean error over all 10 subjects was 8.1 mm in the subject space and 15.2 mm in the atlas space. In comparison, using an affine transformation of the electrodes into atlas space and an FEM model generated from the atlas produced mean errors of 22.3 mm in subject space and 19.6 mm in atlas space. With a standard three‐shell spherical model the errors were 27.2 mm in the subject space and 34.7 mm when mapped to atlas space. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exact Calculation of the Joint Allele Frequency Spectrum for Isolation with Migration Models

Population genomic datasets collected over the past decade have spurred interest in developing methods that can utilize massive numbers of loci for inference of demographic and selective histories of populations. The allele frequency spectrum (AFS) provides a convenient statistic for such analysis, and, accordingly, much attention has been paid to predicting theoretical expectations of the AFS under a number of different models. However, to date, exact solutions for the joint AFS of two or more populations under models of migration and divergence have not been found. Here, we present a novel Markov chain representation of the coalescent on the state space of the joint AFS that allows for rapid, exact calculation of the joint AFS under isolation with migration (IM) models. In turn, we show how our Markov chain method, in the context of composite likelihood estimation, can be used for accurate inference of parameters of the IM model using SNP data. Lastly, we apply our method to recent whole genome datasets from African Drosophila melanogaster.
Topical inhibition of nuclear factor-&kgr;B enhances reduction in lung edema by surfactant in a piglet model of airway lavage

Objective:Acute respiratory distress syndrome is occasionally seen in newborn infants due to a severe inflammatory process in the lungs that affects capillary–alveolar permeability, epithelial integrity, and type I and II pneumocyte function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a topically applied nuclear factor-&kgr;B inhibitor (I&kgr;B kinase–NF-&kgr;B essential modulator binding domain [IKK-NBD] peptide) on gas exchange, lung function, lung fluids, and inflammation in a piglet model of repeated airway lavage that is characterized by surfactant deficiency, lung edema, and an inflammatory response. Design:Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. Setting:Research laboratory of a university children's hospital. Subjects:A total of 24 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated newborn piglets. Interventions:Repeated airway lavage was carried out until both the Pao2 decreased to approximately 40 mm Hg, while ventilating the piglets with an Fio2 of 0.6, and a peak inspiratory pressure of ≥18 cm H2O was needed to maintain tidal volume at 6 mL/kg. One group of piglets served as a control (n = 8), a second group (S, n = 8) received a porcine surfactant preparation (Curosurf), and a third group received IKK-NBD peptide admixed to surfactant (S+IN, n = 8). Measurements and Main Results:After 6 hrs of mechanical ventilation after intervention, S+IN group piglets showed decreased extravascular lung water (S+IN vs. S, 20 ± 3 vs. 28 ± 10 mL/kg; p < .05) and a lesser protein content in the epithelial lining fluid (S+IN vs. S, 38 ± 5 vs. 50 ± 5 mg/L; p < .05). Functional residual capacity (S+IN vs. S, 16.7 ± 6.3 vs. 12.2 ± 4.3 mL/kg; p < .05), alveolar volume (S+IN vs. S, 5.4 ± 1.8 vs. 4.6 ± 1.5 mL/kg; p < .05), and lung mechanics were improved. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed a lesser percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (S+IN vs. S, 70% ± 6% vs. 82% ± 3%; p < .01) and a reduction in the chemokine leukotriene B4 (S+IN vs. S, 2.0 ± 0.6 vs. 3.5 ± 1.4 pg/mL; p < .01). Conclusions:A topically applied nuclear factor-&kgr;B inhibitor improves lung edema and lung volumes and reduces inflammation in this newborn piglet model of airway lavage.
Consumer Products using Triclosan as Antimicrobial Agent in the Tropical Environment: Safe or Unsafe?

The tropical environments of the world receive the highest solar radiation throughout the year with an average annual temperature of not less than 180°C. The use of triclosan as an antimicrobial agent in consumer products such as toothpastes, mouthwash, soaps, under arm deodorants, liquid dishwashing soap and household equipment like textiles materials, toys and plastic kitchenware in this environment exponentially increased over the last few decades and its ability to form low chlorinated dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans) on intense solar radiation and incineration has posed a great risk potential to human health and the aquatic environments. This article aimed to create awareness to the general public on the potentially associated risks of using Triclosan containing materials and its possible implications on human health and the aquatic environments. Humans and aquatic animals get in contact with triclosan through oral, dermal, inhalation and accidental ocular exposures. In many temperate developed countries like US, UK, Canada and Australia, risk assessments was conducted on triclosan and its associated risks to Human health and aquatic environment, despites its traces in human body fluids and aquatic animal tissues, it is concluded that triclosan entering the environment in a way that poses no threat to humanity and aquatic lives. This conclusion came up with lots of uncertainties and conservatism especially due to a lack of adequate data to fully characterize the exposure to triclosan for the representation of the general population, dose estimation and conversion of spot urine samples for all age groups, adequacy of the margin of exposure (MOEs) and spatial differences between places. Moreover, indepth research on triclosan and its potentialities to affect human health and the aquatic environment is strongly recommended especially in the developing tropical countries in order to create awareness to the general public.
Increasing systematicity leads to better selection decisions: Evidence from a computer paradigm for evaluating selection tools

A computerized paradigm was created to allow for testing in the laboratory whether increasing systematicity helps the recruiter make better selection decisions. Participants were introduced to the job and the applicants on the computer screen and asked to select who they thought should be considered for the job and who should not. Level of systematicity, i.e. the extent to which the recruitment is methodical and uses prepared tools, was manipulated between subjects. Depending on experimental condition participants were helped by means of a tool for extracting judgment criteria (job analysis) and a tool for making judgments related to selected criteria (including calculation of a final score). The general prediction that increased systematicity leads to the selection of more qualified candidates was supported by the results, particularly when the motivation to put time and effort into the task was higher. The results support the claim from Industrial/Organizational psychologists that systematicity is a desirable characteristic in selection processes. The fact that increasing systematicity led to better selection decisions in a controlled laboratory experiment, along with process-related measures, suggests that this kind of paradigm could be useful when evaluating new tools for improving selection decisions, before they are tested in large (and costly) field studies of actual personnel selection.
The safety of rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality among adults with Type 2 diabetes. The thiazolidinediones including rosiglitazone are approved for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes on the basis of their ability to lower blood sugar and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the cardiovascular, skeletal and hematologic safety profile of rosiglitazone. METHODS Synthesis of evidence from recent trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, regulatory documents and clinical trials registries of manufacturers. CONCLUSION Rosiglitazone increases the risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction and fractures (in women) with Type 2 diabetes.
Chronic liver disease: systemic and splanchnic venous flow mapping with optimized cine phase-contrast MR imaging validated in a phantom model and prospectively evaluated in patients.

PURPOSE To validate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging cine phase-contrast blood flow mapping in vitro and in patients with chronic liver disease, with or without portal hypertension, and to assess the accuracy of azygos, splanchnic, and systemic blood flow measured with MR imaging in the detection of high-risk esophageal varices and compare these measurements with endoscopic evaluation, the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS The local ethics committee approved this study. Patients gave written informed consent. Two phantoms were used to validate the MR imaging phase-contrast flow sequence. Patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 59), chronic liver disease without cirrhosis (n = 12), and nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) (n = 11), and healthy control subjects with no liver disease (n = 25) were included. The patients underwent upper digestive system endoscopy. Mean abdominal aorta, portal venous, and azygos blood flow was measured on MR images, which were reviewed by two blinded observers to determine the presence and grade of esophageal varices. The reproducibility and intra- and interobserver variability of the blood flow measurements were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The performance of the MR blood flow measurements in staging high-risk varices was determined with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The correlation between MR visual analysis and endoscopic grading was assessed by using κ statistics. RESULTS MR flow rate measurements had excellent correlations with actual flow values in vitro (ICC > 0.990 for phantoms 1 and 2). Mean aortic flow was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis than in control subjects (P < .001). Mean azygos flow was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis than in patients with chronic liver disease without cirrhosis (P = .005) and control subjects (P < .001). Low intra- and interobserver variability (ICC > 0.990 for each blood flow type) and high reproducibility (ICC > 0.850 for each blood flow type) were demonstrated. The optimal cutoff mean azygos flow value was 2.3 mL/sec for varices with grades of 2 or higher. CONCLUSION MR imaging azygos flow measurement appears to be a promising technique for detecting high-risk esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension.
Pricing in Auction Markets for Collectibles: Theory and Experimental Evidence

This study investigates the pricing of alternative assets called collectibles, which comprise artwork, wine, antiques, and other similar assets. A model of an auction market for collectibles is induced from the results of prior empirical studies. The model incorporates some key characteristics of professional and non-professional investors who attend auctions of collectibles. Some additional predictions of the model are then confirmed using data derived from an experiment involving human subjects. The experimental results indicate: 1. Art enthusiasts derive utility from both financial returns and the pleasure associated with holding collectibles; hence they are willing to pay a premium — called a pleasure premium — to own collectibles. This direct confirmation of the existence of the pleasure premium is consistent with postulates contained in prior research. 2. Heterogeneous expectations on the part of non-professionals attending auctions make it likely that at least some non-professionals overbid for collectibles, making it unlikely that professionals will purchase them. 3. Pleasure premia included in the bids of non-professionals further reduce the probability of professionals purchasing collectibles at auctions and reduce the returns that are likely to be realized by successful bidders. 4. Overbidding by non-professionals forces professionals out of the market, ensuring that investments in collectibles return less than zero net present value; the probability of this occurring escalates rapidly as the number of non-professionals attending the auction increases, reaching virtual certainty at about ten. The results are consistent with prior studies indicating that investors who hold collectibles as investments derive little in the way of return benefits.
Williams-Beuren Syndrome and Burkitt Leukemia

Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS) is associated with constitutional deletion of 7q11.23, which includes the elastin gene. Cytogenetic abnormalities of chromosome 7 are frequently described in several human malignancies. Here, we report Burkitt Leukemia in an 8-year-old boy with WBS. In this patient, constitutional deletion of chromosome 7q11.23 including BCL7B was confirmed. WBS may predispose patients to Burkitt Leukemia
Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy in MALT Lymphoma of the Lacrimal Gland Treated with Rituximab

Non-gastric stage I extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of MALT are usually treated with local therapy. However, distant relapses in other extranodal sites are not uncommon suggesting under-staging of these patients using conventional image studies. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans are frequently negative in this subgroup of patients with lymphoma and therefore do not significantly contribute to the staging process. We present a case of lacrimal gland MALT lymphoma demonstrating the usefulness of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy for initial staging and evaluation of response to treatment.
Importance of angle correction in the measurement of blood flow velocity with transcranial Doppler sonography.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The angle of insonation cannot be assessed with conventional transcranial Doppler sonography. Findings in healthy control subjects suggest that the angle is relatively small in routine clinical practice. Data regarding the angle in middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis are scarce. In this study, the angle and its effect on flow velocity measurements were assessed with transcranial color Doppler sonography in patients with MCA stenosis. METHODS Eighteen patients (median age, 53 y; age range, 22-72 y) who satisfied qualifying criteria (eg, angiographically revealed unilateral MCA stenosis of > or =50%) were selected from 149 consecutive patients enrolled in a prospective study of transcranial color Doppler sonography and cerebral digital subtraction angiography. All had active neurologic symptoms. The angle of insonation and peak systolic and mean flow velocities in both MCAs were measured from videotapes generated at sonography. RESULTS The mean angle of insonation was 47 +/- 11 degrees (range, 19-64 degrees ) on the stenotic side and 34 +/- 18 degrees on the contralateral side (P <.05). Angle-corrected velocities were higher than uncorrected ones. Differences between angle-corrected and uncorrected peak systolic and mean flow velocities on the stenotic side were 46.6% and 45.9%, respectively, of uncorrected values. Differences between corrected and uncorrected peak systolic and mean velocities were larger on the stenotic side compared with those on the contralateral side (P <.05). CONCLUSION In patients with moderate or severe MCA stenosis, the angle of insonation can be substantial and cause large errors when flow velocities are measured without angle correction.
Between Strategy and Unpredictability

Restructuring through mergers has been a key strategy of union revitalization. In Germany, union merger activity has been extensive but seemingly unpredictable in its outcomes, with failed mergers outnumbering successful attempts by a ratio of 2:1. The authors use case studies of two attempted union mergers in Germany—one failed and one successful—to exemplify how these complex processes unfold. Drawing on Walton and McKersie’s (1991) work on negotiation, the authors show how common decision-making processes involving key actors at various organizational levels shape the trajectory of merger attempts. Looking beyond mergers to broader questions of union strategy, the authors argue that the concept of negotiated decision making can help reveal the strategic and logical dimensions of apparently unpredictable processes.