Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A RELAXED EXTRAGRADIENT APPROXIMATION METHOD OF TWO INVERSE-STRONGLY MONOTONE MAPPINGS FOR A GENERAL SYSTEM OF VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES , FIXED POINT AND EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS

We introduce and study an iterative sequence for finding the common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping, the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem and the solutions of the general system of variational inequality for two inverse-strongly monotone mappings. Under suitable conditions, some strong convergence theorems for approximating a common element of the above three sets are obtained. Moreover, using the above theorem, we also find solutions of a general system of variational inequalities and a zero of a maximal monotone operator in a real Hilbert space. As applications, we utilize our results to study the zeros of the maximal monotone and some convergence problem for strictly pseudocontractive mappings. Our results include the previous results as special cases extending and improving the results of Ceng et al. [4], Yao and Yao [18] and some others. MSC(2000): Primary: 47J05, 47H09, 47H10; Secondary: 49J30.
Changes in maternal body composition, development of the conceptus and estimation of energy requirements for pregnant crossbred Holstein x Gyr cows

vi RESUMO . viii GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 REFERENCES . 7 CHAPTER 1 . 10 Body composition changes of crossbred Holstein × Gyr cows and conceptus during pregnancy1 . 10 ABSTRACT . 10 INTRODUCTION . 11 MATERIAL AND METHODS . 13 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 16 CONCLUSION . 27 LITERATURE CITED . 28 FIGURES . 35 CHAPTER 2 . 45 Energy requirements for pregnant crossbred Holstein Gyr cows1 . 45 ABSTRACT . 45 INTRODUCTION . 46 MATERIAL AND METODS . 47 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 55 CONCLUSION . 64 LITERATURE CITED . 64 FIGURES . 72
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES INSTITUTE OF PSYCHOLOGY A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BURNOUT AND COPING STRATEGIES BETWEEN HIV COUNSELORS: FACE TO FACE AND ONIlNE COUNSELING SERVICES IN ADDIS ABABA BY: DESALEGN GET ACHEW

The purpose of this study was to compare burnout and coping strategies between HIV counselors inface 10 face and online counseling settings in Addis Ababa. The sludy was design quanlilative and qualilative. For the quantitative data the participant were selected in a proportional stratified sampling technique included 64 face 10 face and 47 online HlV counselors in bOlh counseling sellings. In addition, 23 participants were selected a random purposive sampling technique to offer qualitative data from both counseling settings. For Ihe purpose of galhering the quanlitative data, the instruments namely: demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout InventOlY and the COPE questionnaire were used to gathered quantitative data. Qualitative data was also gathered in the FGD Guide and Interview Guide. Thus, this study revealed that HIV counselors in online counseling settings scored high on emotional exhaustion (30.3) , depersonalization (J 3.53) and low in personal accomplishment (28. 72) dimensions of burnout as compared to HIV counselors in face to face setting emotional exhaustion (26.21), depersonalization (J 1.71) and personal accomplishment (32.78) of burnout dimensions. And the difference was statistically significant in emotional exhaustion (t=-2.55, p<.05) and personal accomplishment. (t=-2.5, p<05) dimension. But there was no a significant difference on depersonalization dimension of burnout between the two groups. In addition, a statistically significant difference was found on problem focused coping strategy (t=2. 15, p<. 0 I) between the two groups. No statically significant was found in emotion focused coping strategy in both groups. Statistically negative correlation was observed between some demographic variables such as age with emotional exhaustion (1'=-.249, p< .01), age with depersonalization (1'= -.289, p< .01) dimensions of burnout and years of experiences and pe. '·sonal accomplishment (1'=-.253, p <. OI) dimension of burnout. A statistically positive correlation was also observed between average number of clients served per day and emotional exhaustion (1'=.233 p<05) in both groups. A statistically positive correlation was found between sex and emotional focused coping strategy at (1' =.202, p<.05) and problem focused coping strategy at (1'=.247, p<.OI) respectively. Lastly, a significant positive correlation was also observed in the emotional exhaustion dimension of the burnout and the emotional focused coping strategy at (1'=.263, P. <. 01) in both groups. Generally, this study has shown that HIV counselors sufJerfi'ommoderate to high level of burnout and online HIV counselors reported that they usedji'equently emotional focused coping strategy while face to face HIV counselors used problem focused coping strategy. Based on the findings, conclusions were made and recommendations were forwarded.
BackupChunk: Chunk-Based Backup System

The increasing volume of data being created combined with the current informatization of society is raising the need to efficiently protect data from loss or corruption. However, data backup is typically a costly and tedious process. Thus, this need for data protection is enabling the development of high efficiency storage, particularly solutions to allow the efficient backup of data and its modification history through techniques to achieve single-instance storage of information. This set of techniques is known as deduplication, and exploits data similarity in order to achieve lower network and data storage use. This document presents a backup system with support for efficient storage of multiple versions of data through a recent and more bandwidth-efficient deduplication technique. This system, known as BackupChunk, can detect redundancy across sites by exchanging only light metadata structures, thus achieving better backup performance than current solutions.
ACTING THE SAME BUT DIFFERENT: TH E ORIGINS AND DYNAM ICS OF HABITS AND ROUTINES

@ @ a「ウエイ。 」エ r・」オイイ・ョエ@。 」エゥッョ@ー。 エエ・イョウ@ッヲ@ゥョ、ゥカゥ、オ。 ャウ@Hィ。 「ゥエウI@」ッュ「ゥョ・@ゥョエッ@」ッャャ・」エゥカ・@イ・」オイイ・ョエ@。 」エゥッョ@ー。 エエ・イョウ@Hイッオエゥョ・ウIN aュッョァ@エィ・ゥイ@ッエィ・イ@ヲオョ」エゥッョウL@ィ。 「ゥエウ@。 ョ、@」ッャャ・」エゥカ・@ー・イヲッイュ。 ョ」・ウ@オョ、・イーゥョ@ー。 エエ・イョウ@ッヲ@ウエ。 「ゥャゥエケ@。 ョ、@ョッカ・ャエケ@。 エ 「ッエィ@エィ・@ゥョ、ゥカゥ、オ。 ャ@。 ョ、@ッイァ。 ョゥコ。 エゥッョ。 ャ@ャ・カ・ャウ@ッヲ@。 ョ。 ャケウゥウN@iョ@ッイ、・イ@エッ@オョ、・イウエ。 ョ、@エィ・@ゥョエ・イ。 」エゥッョ@「・エキ・・ョ@エィ・ウ・ エキッ@ャ・カ・ャウ@ッヲ@。 」エゥッョL@ウ」ィッャ。 イウ@イ・ウ・。 イ」ィ@エィ・ゥイ@ッイゥァゥョウ@。 ョ、@、ケョ。 ュゥ」ウN@tィゥウ@ー。 ー・イ@、ッ・ウ@ウッ@。 ウ@キ・ャャN@hッキ・カ・イL@ゥョ 」ッョエイ。 ウエ@エッ@ュオ」ィ@ーイゥッイ@エィ・ッイゥコゥョァ@ッョ@エィゥウ@ウオ「ェ・」エL@i@。 、ッーエ@。 @ウッ」ゥ。 ャ@」ッァョゥエゥカ・@ー・イウー・」エゥカ・@ッョ@ィオュ。 ョ@ー・イウッョ。 ャゥエケ 。 ョ、@ゥョ、ゥカゥ、オ。 ャ@ーウケ」ィッャッァケN@iョ@、ッゥョァ@ウッL@i@ーイッ「ャ・ュ。 エゥコ・@。 ウウオュ・、@ッョエッャッァゥ」。 ャ@、ゥウエゥョ」エゥッョウ@「・エキ・・ョ@ゥョ、ゥカゥ、オ。 ャウ@。 ョ、 」ッャャ・」エゥカ・ウL@。 ョ、@「・エキ・・ョ@エィ・@ュ・。 ョウ@。 ョ、@・ョ、ウ@ッヲ@ァッ。 ャ@ーオイウオゥエN@fイッュ@エィゥウ@ー・イウー・」エゥカ・L@ウッ」ゥ。 ャ@」ッョエ・クエ@。 ョ、 ウゥエオ。 エゥッョ。 ャ@」ッョエゥョァ・ョ」ケ@「・」ッュ・@」・ョエイ。 ャ@ヲ。 」エッイウ@ゥョ@エィ・@・クーャ。 ョ。 エゥッョ@ッヲ@ー・イウッョ。 ャゥエケ@。 ョ、@ッイァ。 ョゥコ。 エゥッョN@cッューャ・ク ゥョエイ。 M@。 ョ、@ゥョエ・イMー・イウッョ。 ャ@ーイッ」・ウウ・ウ@。 ャウッ@ーャ。 ケ@。 @」・ョエイ。 ャ@イッャ・N@tィ・@イ・ウオャエゥョァ@エィ・ッイケ@ーイッーッウ・ウ@エィ。 エ@「ッエィ@ゥョ、ゥカゥ、オ。 ャ ィ。 「ゥエウ@。 ョ、@」ッャャ・」エゥカ・@ー・イヲッイュ。 ョ」・ウ@・カッャカ・@ヲイッュ@ー。 エエ・イョウ@ッヲ@ウゥエオ。 エ・、@「・ィ。 カゥッイ@エィ。 エ@。 イ・@ュ・、ゥ。 エ・、@「ケ@」ッューャ・ク 」ッァョゥエゥカ・M。 ヲヲ・」エゥカ・@ーイッ」・ウウ・ウN@aョ、@キィ・ョ@ッオエ」ッュ・@「・ィ。 カゥッイウ@ウゥァョゥヲゥ」。 ョエャケ@・ョィ。 ョ」・@エィ・@カ。 ャオ・@・クー・イゥ・ョ」・@ッヲ ゥョ、ゥカゥ、オ。 ャウ@。 ョ、Oッイ@」ッャャ・」エゥカ・ウL@エィ・ケ@。 イ・@・ョ」ッ、・、@。 ウ@ィ。 「ゥエウ@。 ョ、Oッイ@イッオエゥョ・ウ@イ・ウー・」エゥカ・ャケN@aュッョァ@ゥエウ@ュ。 ェッイ 」ッョエイゥ「オエゥッョウL@ュケ@エィ・ッイケ@ッヲヲ・イウ@。 ョ@・クーャ。 ョ。 エゥッョ@ヲッイ@エィ・@ッイゥァゥョ@。 ョ、@。 、。 ーエ。 エゥッョ@ッヲ@ィ。 「ゥエ@。 ョ、@イッオエゥョ・L@。 ウ@キ・ャャ@。 ウ@エィ・ イッャ・@ッヲ@イ・」オイイ・ョエ@。 」エゥッョ@ー。 エエ・イョウ@ゥョ@エィ・@ァ・ョ・イ。 エゥッョ@ッヲ@「・ィ。 カゥッイ。 ャ@カ。 イゥ。 エゥッョ@。 ョ、@ョッカ・ャエケN@mケ@エィ・ッイケ@エィ・イ・「ケ 。 、、イ・ウウ・ウ@。 @ョオュ「・イ@ッヲ@ー・イウゥウエ・ョエ@アオ・ウエゥッョウ@イ・ァ。 イ、ゥョァ@エィ・@ュ・」ィ。 ョゥウュウ@キィ・イ・「ケ@ィ。 「ゥエウ@。 イ・@エイ。 ョウヲッイュ・、@ゥョエッ イッオエゥョ・ウL@。 ョ、@ィッキ@エィ・ウ・@ュ・」ィ。 ョゥウュウ@ウオーーッイエ@「ッエィ@ッイァ。 ョゥコ。 エゥッョ。 ャ@ウエ。 「ゥャゥエケ@。 ョ、@ョッカ・ャエケN
Running title : The particle size and lipid form effect 1 2 Effects of particle size and lipid form of corn on energy and nutrient digestibility 3 in diets for growing pigs 4 5

19 20 Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of corn particle 21 size and lipid form on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and 22 nutrients in diets for growing pigs. 23 Methods: In Exp.1, thirty barrows (initial BW: 53.1 ± 3.9 kg) were allotted to 1 of 5 24 diets formulated with 96.9% corn grounded to 441, 543, 618, 659, and 768 μm, 25 respectively. In Exp. 2, thirty-six barrows (initial BW: 54.7 ± 3.6 kg) were allotted to 26 1 of 6 diets formulated by including 2 or 15% corn germ (CG 2 or CG 15), 1 or 6% 27 corn oil (CO 1 or CO 6), 1% CO + 2% corn germ meal + (CO 1 + CGM 2), or 6% CO 28 + 15% corn germ meal (CO 6 + CGM 15), respectively. 29 Results: The ATTD of gross energy (GE) and the digestible energy (DE) in diet and 30 corn grain linearly decreased as the corn particle size increased (p < 0.05) from 441 to 31 768 μm. Particle size had a quadratic effect (p < 0.05) on the ATTD of NDF and ADF 32 in diets, and which firstly increased and then decreased as the corn particle size 33 increasing from 441 to 618 μm and 618 to 768 μm, respectively. The ATTD of GE, 34 EE, and the DE in CO 1 diet and CO 6 diet was greater (p < 0.05) than that in CG 2 35 diet and CG 15 diet, respectively. The ATTD of EE in CO 6 diet and CO 6 + CGM 15 36 diet was greater (p < 0.05) than that in CO 1 diet and CO 1 + CGM 2 diet. 37 Conclusion: Less than 618 μm was recommended for corn in growing pig’s diet and 38 extracted lipid had greater digestibility than the intact lipid in corn. Higher 39 concentration of extracted corn oil had greater digestibility of EE compared with 40 Ac ce pt ed Ar tic le
POLYPHENOLS AND CAFFEINE OF GREEN AND ROASTED COFFEE BEANS, AS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS

Green, light, medium and dark roasted coffee beans were used in the powder form to identify polyphenols by HPLC. Eleven components were identified in green, light and dark coffee roasted powder. Para Coumaric, Ferulic, Salicylic and Cinnamic acids were absent in medium roasted coffee powder. Polyphenol extract was more effective for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation than caffeine and mixture of polyphenols and caffeine. Antioxidant capacity by 2,2ˉ-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid cation radical (ABTS+ ) showed a higher percentage of inhibition for polyphenols of green coffee (86.09 %) than light (82.67 %), medium (81.14 %) and dark (79.43 %). Caffeine of dark coffee samples has the lowest value of inhibition (72.0 %) followed by medium coffee sample (72.95 %) then light sample (75.05 %), finally the green coffee sample (77.34 %). It seems that oxidative activity was affected with two factors: temperature and period of roasting.
Central nervous system pathology progresses independently of KC and CXCR 2 in globoid-cell leukodystrophy

Globoid-cell Leukodystrophy (GLD; Krabbe’s disease) is a rapidly progressing inherited demyelinating disease caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme Galactosylceramidase (GALC). Deficiency of GALC leads to altered catabolism of galactosylceramide and the cytotoxic lipid, galactosylsphingosine (psychosine). This leads to a rapidly progressive fatal disease with spasticity, cognitive disability and seizures. The murine model of GLD (Twitcher; GALC2/2) lacks the same enzyme and has similar clinical features. The deficiency of GALC leads to oligodendrocyte death, profound neuroinflammation, and the influx of activated macrophages into the CNS. We showed previously that keratinocyte chemoattractant factor (KC) is highly elevated in the CNS of untreated Twitcher mice and significantly decreases after receiving a relatively effective therapy (bone marrow transplantation combined with gene therapy). The action of KC is mediated through the CXCR2 receptor and is a potent chemoattractant for macrophages and microglia. KC is also involved in oligodendrocyte migration and proliferation. Based on the commonalities between the disease presentation and the functions of KC, we hypothesized that KC and/or CXCR2 contribute to the pathogenesis of GLD. Interestingly, the course of the disease is not significantly altered in KCor CXCR2-deficient Twitcher mice. There is also no alteration in inflammation or demyelination patterns in these mice. Furthermore, transplantation of CXCR2-deficient bone marrow does not alter the progression of the disease as it does in other models of demyelination. This study highlights the role of multiple redundant cytokines and growth factors in the pathogenesis of GLD. Citation: Reddy AS, Patel JR, Vogler C, Klein RS, Sands MS (2013) Central Nervous System Pathology Progresses Independently of KC and CXCR2 in Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy. PLoS ONE 8(6): e64647. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0064647 Editor: Cesar V. Borlongan, University of South Florida, United States of America Received January 28, 2013; Accepted April 17, 2013; Published June 3, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Reddy et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 HD055461 and NIH R01 NS 043205 (MS), Hunter’s Hope foundation and National TaySach’s and Allied Diseases Association (AR), RG4371 NMSS grant and R01 NS 052632 (RK). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: msands@dom.wustl. edu
Genetic polymorphisms determining of the physical performance in elite athletes

Rev Bras Med Esporte _ Vol. 13, No 3 – Mai /Jun, 2007 1. Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração – InCor (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP. 2. Unidade de Reabilitação Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercício, Instituto do Coração – InCor (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP. 3. Laboratório de Estudo Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica /IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP. Approved in 15/7/06. Correspondence to: Dndo. Rodrigo Gonçalves Dias, Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração – InCor (HC-FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 (10o andar), Cerqueira César – 05403-000 – São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Tel. : (5511) 3069-5579/5068, fax: (5511) 3069-5022. E-mail: diasrg99@yahoo.com. br Genetic polymorphisms determining of the physical performance in elite athletes
From The Heavily Indebted Poor Country ( HIPC ) to the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative ( MDRI ) : Inclusive Neoliberalism and Accumulati on by Subsidization

Introduction The Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative and th e Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) represent the international donor co mmunities’ latest response to the unsustainable debt levels of heavily indebted developing countr ies. The initial HIPC initiative was launched in 1996 but broadened into the Enhanc ed HIPC initiative in 1999, with the main aim of significantly reducing the net debt s tock of 41 HIPCs and bringing their debt-to-export ratios below the critical threshol d f 150 per cent (IDA and IMF 2006). However, in 11 out of 13 HIPC countries that fully bene fited from the HIPC initiative, debt-to-export ratios have deteriorated sin ce reaching the completion point. 1
Initial Teacher Efficacy of In-Service Secondary Teachers 25 Contextual Background to the Current Study

Teacher efficacy is largely unexplored in Trinidad and Tobago, resulting in a deficit in understanding of teachers’ beliefs about their ability to teach. This is important since teachers’ beliefs influence how they feel about their work, how they assess and perform teaching tasks, and the educational experiences they provide for their students. This study examined three dimensions of teacher efficacy of secondary school teachers who were newly enrolled in an in-service teacher training programme at a university in Trinidad and Tobago. Teacher efficacy for classroom management, instructional strategies, and student engagement was measured using the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale, and analysed for differences by participants’ sex, age, years of service, and school type. There were no differences in teacher efficacy by teachers’ sex and years of service. Teachers over 45 years reported significantly stronger teacher efficacy for classroom management than younger colleagues. Teachers at government-assisted schools reported significantly higher teacher efficacy for classroom management and student engagement than those at government schools. Follow-up research should examine the sources of efficacy information that influence teachers’ practice, in order to determine the contextual factors related to the school environment that influence teacher efficacy, and the influence of teacher training on teacher efficacy beliefs.
The Development of an Instrument to Assess Visuo-Semiotic Reasoning in Biology

Purpose: The significance of visuo-semiotic models in biology education has increased. Students have to develop visuo-semiotic skills, which could enable them to learn biology effectively. However, a lack of a universal theory of visual literacy has made it challenging to develop and assess visualization skills, including visuo-semiotic skills. The aim of the present research, therefore, was to develop an instrument for assessing visuo-semiotic reasoning in biology (VSR-b) in the context of amino acid structures. The research question guiding the research was “how could an instrument for assessing visuo-semiotic reasoning in biology be developed? ” Methods: Guided by a theoretical framework, the VSR-b Test was developed using a mixed-methods approach, by first identifying VSR-b Skills through a panel of nine experts after which items were designed and validated through the same panel of experts and pilot participants (n=18). The VSR-b Test was then tested on a group of molecular biology students (n=30). Findings: Results showed satisfactory reliability and inter-item correlation. However, further research is required to corroborate findings of the present research in other contexts, with particular emphasis on assessment and development of visuo-semiotic reasoning among students. Implications for research & practice: The current research has shown that VSR-b can be understood and assessed within the context of the theoretical cognitive process of visualization. It provides teachers and researchers a starting point in understanding how learning occurs through visuo-semiotic models. Instructional and curriculum designers, therefore, can use findings of this research as a guide to support student development in biology.
POSITIVE SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF INFINITE SEMIPOSITONE PROBLEMS INVOLVING THE p-LAPLACIAN OPERATOR M. CHOUBIN - S. H. RASOULI - M. B. GHAEMI - G. A. AFROUZI

We discuss the existence of a positive solution to the infinite semipositone problem −∆pu = aup−1−buγ − f (u)− c uα , x ∈Ω, u = 0, x ∈ ∂Ω, where ∆p is the p-Laplacian operator, p> 1, γ > p−1, α ∈ (0,1), a,b and c are positive constants, Ω is a bounded domain in RN with smooth boundary ∂Ω, and f : [0,∞)→ R is a continuous function such that f (u)→ ∞ as u→ ∞. Also we assume that there exist A > 0 and β > p−1 such that f (s)≤ Asβ , for all s≥ 0. We obtain our result via the method of suband supersolutions.
The rationale for gene therapy in primary T cell immunodeficiencies

1 INSERM U768, Paris, France; 2 Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; 3 Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department and 4 Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; 5 Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique– Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France.
Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during processing and ripening period of Keş Cheese

In this study the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during the production process and ripening period of Keş cheese was investigated. Three vats containing equal amounts of raw milk were inoculated with 102, 104, 106 cfu mL-1 E. coli O157:H7, respectively andone vat remained uninoculated. Keş cheese was produced from both inoculated and uninoculated milks with the traditional method of the region. Cheese samples ripened at 6°C for 90 days and E. coli O157:H7 enumarations were done from uninoculated milk, inoculated milks, curds and different stages of ripening period. Most Probable Number technique was used for the analysis of E. coli O157:H7. Classical culture methods were used for the detection of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactococci and coliform bacteria. Also, control cheese was analysed for dry matter, salt content in dry matter and pH value. Elimination times were 45 days for 102 cfu mL-1, 75 days for 104 cfu mL1, and 90 days for 106 cfu mL-1 of E. coli O157:H7. The final dry matter, salt content in dry matter and pH value were 82.52 %, 3.16 % and 4.58, respectively. Consequently, Keş cheese should be ripened at least 90 days in order to be considered as safe for public health.
The Iminosugar AMP-DNM Improves Satiety and Activates Brown Adipose Tissue Through GLP1

Obesity is taking on worldwide epidemic proportions, yet effective pharmacological agents with long-term efficacy remain unavailable. Previously, we designed the iminosugar N-adamantine-methyloxypentyl-deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM), which potently improves glucose homeostasis by lowering excessive glycosphingolipids. Here we show that AMP-DNM promotes satiety and activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) in obese rodents. Moreover, we demonstrate that the mechanism mediating these favorable actions depends on oral, but not central, administration of AMP-DNM, which ultimately stimulates systemic glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) secretion. We evidence an essential role of brain GLP1 receptors (GLP1r), as AMP-DNM fails to promote satiety and activate BAT in mice lacking the brain GLP1r as well as in mice treated intracerebroventricularly with GLP1r antagonist exendin-9. In conclusion, AMP-DNM markedly ameliorates metabolic abnormalities in obese rodents by restoring satiety and activating BAT through central GLP1r, while improving glucose homeostasis by mechanisms independent of central GLP1r.
Honesty Is the Best Policy – When There Is Money in It ∗ : Can Firms Promote Honest Reporting Behavior by Managers ?

This paper provides experimental evidence on how incentive compensation, peer-group behavior, and audit (team) effectiveness influence managerial reporting behavior. Results show that an increase in incentive compensation intensity induces subjects to report less truthfully. High level of peer honesty promotes truthful reporting; however, the effects are weaker when incentive compensation intensity is high. Audit (team) effectiveness shows no significant influence on reporting behavior. The results provide the first clear evidence that firms need to consider carefully the effect of incentive compensation as well as the influence of peer groups when designing contracts. Furthermore, without a credible penalty for untruthful financial report, increased audit (team) effectiveness will not promote honest reporting. JEL classification: G30; J33; M41