Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor, estrogen, and progesterone receptor expression in primary sweat gland carcinomas and primary and metastatic mammary carcinomas.

The distinction between primary sweat gland carcinomas and metastatic breast carcinoma to the skin is sometimes difficult. In an effort to improve this discrimination, we compared the immunohistochemical staining pattern of 42 primary sweat gland carcinomas (SGCs) with 30 metastases from breast carcinoma (BC) to the skin, 125 primary BCs, and 30 noncutaneous metastases from BCs. The antibodies used were against the receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF-R), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). The frequencies of positive staining were as follows for EGF-R: 34 (81%) of 42 SGCs, 5 (17%) of 30 BCs metastatic to skin, 28 (22%) of 125 primary BCs, and 6 (20%) of 30 noncutaneous BC metastases. For ER, the frequencies were 9 (21%) of 42 SGCs and 10 (33%) of 30 BCs metastatic to skin. The frequencies for PR were 8 (19%) of 42 SGCs and 8 (27%) of 30 BCs metastatic to skin. These results suggest that expression of EGF-R may be diagnostically helpful, because it is strongly associated with SGCs when compared with metastatic BCs (P < .0001). This association is also present when ductal eccrine and apocrine types of SGC, which are the histologic subtypes of SGC most difficult to distinguish from metastatic BC, are separately analyzed (P < .001). The frequencies of expression of ER and PR in SGCs and BCs metastatic to skin were not significantly different.
Selectively Enhanced Motion Perception in Core Video Gamers

In this study we examined the effects of action video game play on performance for encoding global motion. There were no significant differences between video game player (VGP) and non-video game player (NVGP) performance for either translational or rotational motion. For radial motion, VGPs were significantly better than NVGPs at discriminating contracting, but not expanding, elements. We postulate that VGPs are selectively sensitive to radial contractions because, while this type of optic flow information is abundant in action video games, it is not encountered in abundance in the real world.
Brain Activation during Facial Emotion Processing

Functional neuroimaging studies have helped identify neural systems involved in cognitive processing and more recently have indicated limbic activation to emotional stimuli. Some functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported increased amygdala response during exposure to emotional stimuli while others have not shown such activation. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that activation of the amygdala is related to the relevance of the emotional valence of stimuli. Healthy young participants (7 men, 7 women) were studied in a high-field (4 tesla) scanner using blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal changes in a blocked "box car" design. They viewed facial displays of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust as well as neutral faces obtained from professional actors and actresses of diverse ethnicity and age. Their task alternated between emotion discrimination (indicating whether the emotion was positive or negative) and age discrimination (indicating whether the poser was older or younger than 30). Blocks contained the same proportion of emotional and neutral faces. Limbic response was greater during the emotion than during the age discrimination conditions. The response was most pronounced in the amygdala, but was also present in the hippocampus and circumscribed voxels in other limbic regions. These results support the central role of the amygdala in emotion processing, and indicate its sensitivity to the task relevance of the emotional display.
Identification of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MMP‐1 promoter in chondrosarcoma

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of at least 26 enzymes that facilitate cellular invasion via the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Specifically, the ability to degrade collagen types III and I is important in tumor invasion and metastasis. Over expression of the MMP‐1 gene has been shown to correlate with poorer outcome in GI tract and gynecological tumors. This level of expression of this gene has been shown to be significantly increased by the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MMP‐1 promoter sequence as a result of the creation of an ETS binding site. This SNP results from the addition of a single guanine base at −1,607 bp 24 . Two chondrosarcoma cell lines and a series of 10 resected chondrosarcoma specimens underwent DNA extraction, purification, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. The presence of the single nucleotide polymorphism at −1,607 bp was confirmed within the promoter region for MMP‐1 in human chondrosarcoma. Because all three genotypes were found in the clinical samples, the SNP may indeed provide a mechanistic explanation for a more aggressive biologic behavior locally and distally for a subset of chondrosarcomas. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:130–133. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Differential Diagnosis of Desquamative Gingivitis: Review of the Literature and Clinical Guide for Dental Undergraduates

Background: Desquamative gingivitis is an elucidating term used to demonstrate epithelial desquamation, erythema, erosions, and/or vesiculobullous lesions of the gingiva. Detection and differentiation between conditions that manifest desquamative gingivitis have been almost a continuing problem for dental undergraduates. Several studies have described the association between desquamative gingivitis and other relevant conditions. This study aimed to review the current literature on desquamative gingivitis and to formulate a clinical guide for the differential diagnosis of desquamative gingivitis designated as a teaching aid tool for dental undergraduates. Materials and Methods: A search strategy based on the key words “desquamative gingivitis, guidelines, diagnosis, undergraduate, teaching” was performed in Medline and Google Scholar. Papers published between 1932 and December 2014 were scrutinized. Only articles that describe the terminology and classification of DG-associated disorders or the diagnostic procedures of DG were selected, then obtained in full text and analyzed. Results: 47 studies were included and reviewed narratively. Conclusion: The clinical signs and symptoms of desquamative gingivitis are insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis. We proposed a clinical flowchart aimed to help dental undergraduates achieving their goal in making an accurate and easy diagnosis. However, this guideline needs further evaluation.
Doing Recovery Online

Although problem gambling is becoming more prevalent, research shows that many problem gamblers do not seek help. Online social support forums have become an increasingly popular option for receiving support for problem gambling. Few researchers have explored how participants within these forums interact, or what is supportive about participation in online communities. Melding netnography (ethnographic approaches online), discourse analysis, and ethnomethodology, we analyzed the discursive interactions of self-identified problem gamblers on an online forum. We report on the characteristics of this unique setting, the common discourses that members used, and how they discursively accomplished various interactional tasks, including constructing identities, and negotiating membership, legitimacy, and support. We conclude with recommendations for practitioners and researchers interested in better understanding people trying to overcome problem gambling and other behavioral concerns.
N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase III expression is regulated by cell‐cell adhesion via the E‐cadherin–catenin–actin complex

Recently, our research group investigated the effects of cell–cell interactions on N‐linked oligosaccharides (N‐glycans). We found that N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT‐III) activity, and thus, the enzyme product‐bisected N‐glycans were induced in cells cultured under dense condition in an E‐cadherin‐dependent manner [26]. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanism, we examined the effects of α‐catenin, which is a component of the E‐cadherin–catenin complex that can bind to actin cytoskeleton, on the regulation of GnT‐III expression in the human colon carcinoma DLD‐1 cells. GnT‐III activity was not substantially increased in cells cultured under dense conditions, compared with those cultured under sparse conditions. However, restoration of α‐catenin gene to DLD‐1 cells resulted in a significant increase in GnT‐III activity and in production of the bisected N‐glycans, which were detected by E4‐PHA, suggesting that the E‐cadherin–catenin complex is required for the induction. Moreover, treatment with cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of F‐actin polymerization, completely blocked the upregulation of GnT‐III expression in the dense culture. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that GnT‐III expression is tightly regulated by cell–cell adhesion via the E‐cadherin–catenin complex and actin cytoskeleton formation.
Genetic Variation in Northern Japanese Populations of the Starfish Asterina pectinifera

Abstract The starfish Asterina pectinifera of the family Asterinidae is endemic Japanese species and commonly found in Japanese waters. In order to examine the degree of genetic variation and the main-tenace mechanism of polymorphism within population, we studied the allozyme variation in five northern Japanese local populations of the starfish by electrophoresis. The species showed much higher genetic variability than many other shallow water echinoderms. Based on other allozyme studies and the ecological data, it was suggested that the high genetic variation of the starfish was closely related to the population size. Additionally, the relation between the degree of enzyme variation and the quaternary structure of enzymes was also examined, and the results suggested the close relation between the enzyme variability and functional constraints.
Purification and Characterization of Cholesterol Oxidase from a Novel Source-Enterobacter cloacae

The renewed interest in exploring various natural habitat/environments for discovering novel microbial sources as stable cholesterol oxidase producers is on the incline due to its broad-range of clinical and industrial applications. A search was conducted to isolate cholesterol oxidase producing bacteria from samples collected from different environments. A total of 98 bacterial isolates capable of degrading cholesterol were obtained from various soil samples collected from in and around Chennai. The bacterial strain producing the highest level of cholesterol oxidase was selected, identified as Enterobacter cloacae by molecular studies and used for all further studies. Purification of cholesterol oxidase was carried out by ammonium sulphate precipitation (80% w/v) followed by Q sepharose and DEAEcellulose chromatographie techniques. The enzyme was purified to 4.63 fold with a recovery of 93.8 mg of purified protein from 2,889 mg of total protein. The purification yield of the enzyme was 14.86% and its specific activity was 21.8 Umg. SDS PAGE and MALDI TOF analyses proved that the enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 56.50461. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at pH 7.0 and was stable up to 40C for an hour. Metal ions such as, Mn, K and Zn inhibited the enzyme activity by 82, 37.66 and 32.8% respectively while most of the other metal ions showed less than 25% inhibition. Triton X-100 and Tween-80 failed to inhibit its activity, however SDS decreased in its activity by 35.2%. Therefore E.cloacae can be exploited for industrial production of stable cholesterol oxidase.
Dyrk1A negatively regulates the actin cytoskeleton through threonine phosphorylation of N-WASP

Neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is involved in tight regulation of actin polymerization and dynamics. N-WASP activity is regulated by intramolecular interaction, binding to small GTPases and tyrosine phosphorylation. Here, we report on a novel regulatory mechanism; we demonstrate that N-WASP interacts with dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A). In vitro kinase assays indicate that Dyrk1A directly phosphorylates the GTPase-binding domain (GBD) of N-WASP at three sites (Thr196, Thr202 and Thr259). Phosphorylation of the GBD by Dyrk1A promotes the intramolecular interaction of the GBD and verprolin, cofilin and acidic (VCA) domains of N-WASP, and subsequently inhibits Arp2/3-complex-mediated actin polymerization. Overexpression of either Dyrk1A or a phospho-mimetic N-WASP mutant inhibits filopodia formation in COS-7 cells. By contrast, the knockdown of Dyrk1A expression or overexpression of a phospho-deficient N-WASP mutant promotes filopodia formation. Furthermore, the overexpression of a phospho-mimetic N-WASP mutant significantly inhibits dendritic spine formation in primary hippocampal neurons. These findings suggest that Dyrk1A negatively regulates actin filament assembly by phosphorylating N-WASP, which ultimately promotes the intramolecular interaction of its GBD and VCA domains. These results provide insight on the mechanisms contributing to diverse actin-based cellular processes such as cell migration, endocytosis and neuronal differentiation.
Risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in manual harvesting farmers of Rajasthan

Manual harvesting is a physically demanding occupation with several work-related issues in which musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) happen most commonly. The risk factors for MSDs among manual harvesting farmers are not investigated properly in low and low-middle-income nations. Therefore, a study among 140 farmers of Rajasthan, India was carried out through the usage of Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) technique to identify ergonomic risks. χ2 analysis was used to find the relationship between the MSDs and various factors. Also, logistic regression methodology was applied to get the most influencing factor for MSDs in different body regions. The lower-back, fingers, shoulders and wrists/hands were the body parts in which more than 50% workers reported MSDs. MSDs in one or more body regions were found to be associated with age, daily working in farms, farming experience, gender, hand dominance and perceived work fatigue. The age was majorly associated with MSDs in all body regions except the shoulder and neck as per the outcome of logistic regression. The outcome of RULA grand score had been found higher than or equal to 5 in 92% of the farmers which give directions for further research and changes.
Male contraception – quo vadis?

Recent developments in the regulation of fertility have taken place mainly within female contraception. New hormones and forms of their application are being regularly introduced. The concept of male hormonal contraception is decades old. However, until very recently, little effort has been spent trying to develop this new form of contraception for the market. Condoms and vasectomy are widely used despite their shortcomings. This reflects the willingness of male partners to share the responsibility of contraception. Condoms offer good protection from sexually transmitted disease and will therefore not be fully replaced by other forms. However, development of reliable male hormonal contraception is important in offering more choice for men and couples when choosing long‐term contraception, particularly in cases where female contraception presents significant side‐effects or other problems.
Effects of Coastal Lighting on Foraging Behaviorof Beach Mice

Abstract: Introduction of artificial light into wildlife habitat represents a rapidly expanding form of human encroachment, particularly in coastal systems. Light pollution alters the behavior of sea turtles during nesting; therefore, long‐wavelength lights—low‐pressure sodium vapor and bug lights—that minimize impacts on turtles are required for beach lighting in Florida (U.S.A.). We investigated the effects of these two kinds of lights on the foraging behavior of Santa Rosa beach mice ( Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus). We compared patch use and giving‐up densities of mice for experimental food patches established along a gradient of artificial light in the field. Mice exploited fewer food patches near both types of artificial light than in areas with little light and harvested fewer seeds within patches near bug lights. Our results show that artificial light affects the behavior of terrestrial species in coastal areas and that light pollution deserves greater consideration in conservation planning.
Teashirt 3 Regulates Development of Neurons Involved in Both Respiratory Rhythm and Airflow Control

Neonatal breathing in mammals involves multiple neuronal circuits, but its genetic basis remains unclear. Mice deficient for the zinc finger protein Teashirt 3 (TSHZ3) fail to breathe and die at birth. Tshz3 is expressed in multiple areas of the brainstem involved in respiration, including the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC), the embryonic parafacial respiratory group (e-pF), and cranial motoneurons that control the upper airways. Tshz3 inactivation led to pronounced cell death of motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus and induced strong alterations of rhythmogenesis in the e-pF oscillator. In contrast, the preBötC oscillator appeared to be unaffected. These deficits result in impaired upper airway function, abnormal central respiratory rhythm generation, and altered responses to pH changes. Thus, a single gene, Tshz3, controls the development of diverse components of the circuitry required for breathing.
Direct vasodilator effects of physiological hyperinsulin‐aemia in human skeletal muscle

Systemic hyperinsulinaemia induces vasodilatation in human skeletal muscle. This effect is gradual in onset, and at low insulin levels not maximal until at least 3 h. To investigate whether the vasodilator response to insulin results from a direct vascular effect, we infused insulin directly into the cannulated brachial artery (perfused forearm technique) in a total of 30 experiments in 20 healthy, lean, normotensive volunteers. Local, intra‐arterial, infusion of insulin (180 min, 0.3 mU dL−1 forearm volume min−1, n = 15, forearm venous insulin concentration approximately 540 pmol L−1) induced a gradual increase in forearm blood flow (FBF; venous occlusion plethysmography) from 1.86 ± 0.17 to 3.64 ± 0.64 mL dL−1 min−1 after 180 min (anovaP < 0.001). Percentage increases in FBF after 60, 120 and 180 min averaged 14.4 ± 5.9, 59.4 ± 25.5 and 124.6 ± 51.2% respectively. Forearm glucose uptake increased from 0.24 ± 0.05 to a maximum of 1.98 ± 0.28 μmol dL−1 min (P < 0.001). Furthermore, insulin infusion increased forearm lactate release and potassium uptake. In 10 out of these 15 individuals, the forearm glucose uptake was further increased in a second, separate, repeat experiment with concomitant intra‐arterial infusion of glucose 5% (0.2 mL dL−1 min−1), resulting in forearm venous glucose concentrations of approximately 15 mmol L−1. This combined infusion achieved a similar vasodilator response to the infusion of insulin alone. The individual vascular responses of the two paired experiments showed a strong correlation (r = 0.87, P < 0.01). In five subjects time and vehicle control experiments were performed, showing no changes in FBF or metabolism during the 180 min. We conclude that the slow vasodilator response to insulin (as observed during systemic infusion) can, at least partly, be explained by a direct vascular effect of insulin. Insulin‐mediated skeletal muscle glucose uptake precedes this effect, but seems not to be an important determinant of the vasodilator response to insulin.
Serum lactate is not predicted by anion gap or base excess after trauma resuscitation.

OBJECTIVE The inability to normalize lactate predicts death after trauma, but lactate may not be immediately available in every center. We postulated that, in a normal acid-base environment, lactate would correlate with the anion gap and the base excess of an arterial blood gas. METHODS We studied 52 consecutive, invasively monitored patients with trauma admitted directly to the intensive care unit (ICU) from the emergency department or operating room in our level I center to determine whether base excess and anion gap could predict lactate. Lactate, base excess, and anion gap were recorded upon admission to the ICU and 8, 16, 24, 36, and 48 hours after admission. Correlation coefficients (r2) were calculated for the total patients, the 43 survivors, and the nine non-survivors. RESULTS Serum lactate was significantly higher in nonsurvivors at 16 hours after post ICU admission (4.0 +/- 1.69 vs. 2.84 +/- 1.49, p < 0.05), and this trend persisted; the greatest difference was seen at 48 hours after admission (2.92 +/- 1.47 vs. 1.76 +/- 0.57, p < 0.001). There were no differences in base excess or anion gap between survivors and nonsurvivors. We found no consistent correlation between lactate versus anion gap, lactate versus base excess, or anion gap versus base excess. CONCLUSIONS There is no correlation between lactate, base excess, and anion gap after initial resuscitation. Neither anion gap nor base excess was capable of predicting lactate; therefore, lactate must be directly measured. The lack of correlation of anion gap with base excess or lactate suggests the presence of unmeasured anions, an impairment in acid-base regulation after injury and resuscitation, or both.
In situ study on the pathogenesis and immune reaction of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV‐1) infections in mice

The mouse model was used to study the pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV‐1) after primary and secondary intranasal infections. Within a few hours after infection, EHV‐1 was found in nasal and olfactorial epithelium and sub‐epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa, but antigen‐specific immune cells were never detected. Next to the lung, EHV‐1 was transmitted early and directly to the brain, both via the olfactory route and the trigeminal nerve, but traces of degenerative or inflammatory processes were not detected there. In the lung, the immune cells residing or invading the parenchyma did not contain viral DNA or proteins. The primary immune response in the lungs was an alveolar and interstitial inflammation, dominated by the sequential appearance of neutrophils and macrophages, while the number of T and B lymphocytes remained unaltered. Within 24 hr after re‐infection, lymphocytes accumulated around the blood vessels, outnumbering monocytes more than twofold, without neutrophils appearing. The lymphocytes comprised of little more B than T cells and the T cells were predominantly CD8+ cells. Those and B cells infiltrated the parenchyma. These results show the route of virus distribution and demonstrate the lack of antigen‐specific immune cells in the lungs of mice after primary intranasal infection with EHV‐1.