Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Mathematics Anxiety in Middle and High School Students Math Achievement

Math anxiety has been the focus of much psychological and educational research in the past few years, there are many international studies showing that mathematics anxiety is an influence on student’s achievements in school, but little research has been done about this issue in Bahrain. Bahrain is a country in the Arabian Gulf region, its economic development is increasing rapidly, and there is currently a focus on improving the school education outcomes to fit the 21st century requirements. Bahrain started a huge curriculum project in September 2013 by changing the primary math curriculum across the country, and will continue the changes to secondary curriculum in the coming years. These changes are intended to improve mathematics education in the country, since Bahraini math scores have been below the international mean for a very long time. This study attempts to investigate if there is a relationship between anxiety and underachieving in mathematics in Bahrain. The Revised Mathematics Anxiety (R-MANX) Survey (Bursal, 2006) was translated into Arabic and administered to 1352 primary students. The data was analyzed to explore the reliability and validity of the translated survey and the associations between Mathematics anxiety and achievement. This paper reports the findings of the study.
Oxidative Stress, Uric Acid, Vascular Inflammation in Non-Smoking Metabolic Syndrome Patients

 Abstract— S ubstantial evidence states that serum uric acid is an important, independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease especially in patients with hypertension, heart failure, or diabetes, relative to the oxidative stress that alters the plasma lipoprotein profile, the coagulative parameters, the endothelium and the cell membranes, but this is not supported by large scale clinical studies. There is increasing evidence that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are the most important pathogenic pathways explaining the propensity to atherosclerosis and its complications in metabolic syndrome. Most adipocytokines and proinflammatory biomarkers (adiponectin, cell adhesion molecules, TNF-α, IL, CRP) are elevated in the serum and vessel walls of patients with metabolic syndrome, being positive predictors for cardiovascular events. Aims: To investigate uric acid, oxidative stress, hs C-reactive protein and classical cardiovascular risk factors, in a never treated, non- smoking hypertensive adult patients group (age: 56,9±6,62, sex: m/f=14/22, waist: 93,2±20,3 Kg, ABP: 154.5±14/91.5±8.26 mmHg) with/without MetS vs age-, sex- matched control group. Methods: The concentration of serum and erythrocyte superoxiddismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malonaldialdehyde (MDA) were analysed by spectrofotometry. All the other risk factors (uric acid, fasting glucose, lipid profile) were assessed by validated standard procedures. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs CRP) has been performed by a sandwich ELISA method. Results: Plasma levels of oxidative stress parameters determined and hsCRP are significantly higher than the control group (p 0.7) with ABP values, the number of criteria for MetS, waist, BMI and hsCRP, they have an average correlation with age, weight, SCORE algorithm and are not correlated with fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, HDL-C. The coefficient of determination is significantly increased between the number of criteria for the MetS and oxidative stress parameters. Uric acid levels are correleted on average with weight, waist, BMI, average BP, diastolic BP and have a weak correlation with hs-PCR and oxidative stress parameters. Level of hsCRP activity is strongly correlated with waist, the number of criteria for MetS, oxidative stress markers, SCORE algorithm and has an average correlation with BMI, TG, HDL-C. Conclusions: Increase oxidative stress activity and CRP levels are associated with MetS. When applying multiple linear regression, adjusted for sex, age, classical cardiovascular risk factors, arterial blood pressure becomes a powerful and independent determinant factor of oxidative stress parameters; weight and waist are a powerful and independent determinant factors of hs-CRP values.
Aesthetic Principles of the Upper Front Teeth: Application of Golden Proportion (Levin) and Golden Percentage (Snow)

Abstract Objective: The objective of our work is to examine the presence of the much-discussed golden proportion provided by Levin, and of the golden percentage (Snow), on the widths of maxillary anterior teeth, by measurements made on digital images. Material and method: The material of this study consists of digital photographs taken of subjects with natural and esthetic teeth. We took photos of 68 subjects (35 women and 33 men), between 19 and 26 years. Using a computer program, we made the necesarry measurements, then we made the appropriate calculations of the above theories. Results: The golden proportion between the lateral and central incisor occurs in a higher proportion than between the canine and the lateral incisor. The values obtained by analyzing the golden proportion differ slightly from those proposed by Snow. Conclusions: The frequency of the golden proportion is not significant for the groups of teeth mentioned. With small modifications and taking into consideration ethnic differences, Snow's golden percentage is more valid and applicable than Levin's golden proportion is.
Tidal exchange, bivalve grazing, and patterns of primary production in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA

Willapa Bay, Washington, USA, is a shallow, coastal-plain, upwelling-influenced estuary where Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas are intensively cultivated. CTD transect data show that in the long-term average over the May to September growing season, Willapa Bay is a sink for oceanic phytoplankton, not a net exporter: as the tidal circulation stirs ocean water into the estuary, chlorophyll concentration declines by 30 to 60% relative to a hypothetical dilution of the ocean end-member. A 3D circulation model (General Estuarine Transport Model, GETM) was modified to include a phyto- plankton-like tracer subject to variable intertidal benthic grazing rates. The grazing rate that best reproduces the along-estuary phytoplankton biomass profile agrees, within confidence limits, with an estimate of cultivated-oyster filtration from literature values. Oysters and other intertidal benthic grazers may thus be the primary cause of the net loss of phytoplankton within the estuary in summer. These grazers appear to be within a small factor of their carrying capacity: as bay-total filtration capacity is increased in the model, the chlorophyll intrusion shortens and food intake per individual grazer declines. Nevertheless, only 8 to 15% of the net tidal supply of oceanic phytoplankton is consumed within the estuary. Even in this well-flushed system, the small-scale structure of tidal transport—rather than total oceanic supply—controls overall food availability for the benthos.
Magnitude of Refractive Errors among school children in a rural block of Haryana

Objectives: To study the prevalence of Refractive Errors in school children (6-15 years) and their association with age and sex. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Govt. Senior Secondary Schools of Block Lakhanmajra. Participants: 1265 school children (6-15 years). Methodology: Out of 16 Govt. Senior Secondary Schools, 4 were randomly chosen. Students aged 6-15 years studying in class 1 to 10 were included in the study. Visual Acuity (VA) test was performed using Snellen's E chart. The finding of clinical examination was recorded on a pretested Performa and were analysed. Statistical Analysis: percentages, Chisquare test and Fisher's exact test. Result: Out of 1265, 172 children (13.6 %) were found to have defective vision ("d6/9). Myopia affected only one eye in 22(1.74%) students while both eyes were affected in 131(10.36%) students. Hyperopia affected one eye only in 2(0.16%) students while in 17(1.34%) students both eyes were affected. The prevalence of myopia, hyperopia & astigmatism was more in girls (23.7%) as compared to boys (12.2%). The prevalence of myopia & astigmatism was more in higher age groups and the prevalence of hyperopia was more in lower age groups. Conclusion: Refractive errors can have a long term impact on the learning abilities of school children and visual screening by trained teachers can play an important role in early detection and prevention of further complications.
Evidence for a Minimum Ellipticity in Millisecond Pulsars

Neutron stars spin down over time due to a number of energy-loss processes. We provide tantalizing population-based evidence that millisecond pulsars (MSPs) have a minimum ellipticity of ϵ ≈ 10−9 around their spin axis and that, consequently, some spin down mostly through gravitational-wave emission. We discuss the implications of such a minimum ellipticity in terms of the internal magnetic field strengths and nuclear matter composition of neutron stars and show it would result in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave detectors, or their upgrades, detecting gravitational waves from some known MSPs in the near future.
The happy celiac: An oxymoron or a possibility?

Background: Several international studies, confirmed in Italy too, show a hard presence of socio-relational problems inside the celiac population. Methods: Qualitative study involving persons with celiac disease and their families. 25 individual semi-structured interviews were conducted in three Italian regions. Results: Problems of management of social life for celiac persons are experienced, specially in the fields of: school, work, travels and life outside the home. Conclusion: Chronic illness is a “biographical disruption” [1] and the whole society has to be invested to fight the burden of celiac persons in their possibility of access to public life.
Observations of turbulence beneath sea ice in southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

The first turbulence profiler observations beneath land fast sea ice which is directly adjacent to an Antarctic ice shelf are described. The stratification in the 325 m deep water column consisted of a layer of supercooled water in the up- per 40 m lying above a quasi-linearly stratified water column with a sharp step in density at mid-depth. Turbulent energy dissipation rates were on average 3◊10 8 m 2 s 3 with peak bin-averaged values reaching 4◊10 7 m 2 s 3 . The local dis- sipation rate per unit area was estimated to be 10 m Wm 2 on average with a peak of 50 m Wm 2 . These values are consistent with a moderate baroclinic response to the tides. The small-scale turbulent energetics lie on the boundary be- tween isotropy and buoyancy-affected. This will likely in- fluence the formation and aggregation of frazil ice crystals within the supercooled layer. The data suggest that the large crystals observed in McMurdo Sound will transition from initial growth at scales smaller than the Kolmogorov length- scale to sizes substantially (1-2 orders of magnitude) greater than the Kolmogorov scale. An estimate of the experiment- averaged vertical diffusivity of mass K yields a coefficient of around 2◊10 4 m 2 s 1 although this increased by a fac- tor of 2 near the surface. Combining this estimate of K with available observations of average and maximum cur- rents suggests the layer of supercooled water can persist for a distance of 250 km from the front of the McMurdo Ice Shelf.
Rapid precipitation in an Al 0 . 5 CrFeCoNiCu high entropy alloy

The effect of cooling rate on the microstructural evolution of Al0.5CrFeCoNiCu has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. As cast Al0.5CrFeCoNiCu contained three phases; Cr–Fe–Co–Ni solid solution dendrites, Cu rich interdendritic material and L12 precipitates. During cooling at rates between 10 and 50uC min, an additional exothermic event, at y1010uC, was observed in the heat flow curves. Microstructural examination after cooling revealed the presence of two distinct populations of intragranular precipitates not present in the as cast material. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that Cu rich precipitates formed within the dendrites, while a Cr–Fe–Co rich phase formed in the interdendritic constituent. Precipitation during cooling at rates approaching 1uC s indicates that the diffusion kinetics of Al0.5CrFeCoNiCu is not, as previously suggested, sluggish.
Benchmarking Current Capabilities for the Generation of Excitation and Photoionisation Atomic Data

The spectra currently emerging from modern ground- and space-based astronomical instruments are of exceptionally high quality and resolution. To meaningfully analyse these spectra, researchers utilise complex modelling codes to replicate the observations. The main inputs to these codes are atomic data such as excitation and photoionisation cross sections, as well as radiative transition probabilities, energy levels, and line strengths. In this publication, the current capabilities of the numerical methods and computer packages used in the generation of these data are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to Fe-peak species and the heavy systems of tungsten and molybdenum. Some of the results presented to highlight certain issues and/or advances have already been published in the literature, while other sections present new recently evaluated atomic data for the first time.
The effects of attentional focus and posture on suprapostural task performance: A developmental perspective.

Previous research has shown that healthy adults can improve task performance and postural control by the use of external attentional focus. The current study attempted to determine the effects of attentional focus on Pursuit Rotor tracking performance and postural sway in both children (age 9-11 yrs) and adults (age 18-25 years). Each participant completed 9 trials, 3 baseline measures, 3 seated posture measures and 3 standing posture measures. For the seated and standing trials, each participant was instructed to focus either internally, or externally, while tracking. An ATMI force plate was used to measure centre of pressure (COP). Overall, children had higher COP displacement and variability, and higher sway velocity than the adults. Adults exhibited better tracking performance than children, but children were able to achieve coupling between their sway frequency and tracking frequency, which indicates an interaction between the automatic processing of posture, and controlled processing of the task. R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission.
Macroeconomic Instability and the Incentive to Innovate

This paper investigates the channels through which macroeconomic volatility prevents or hinders innovative investment undertakings financed by the domestic business sector. The analysis is based on a sample of 48 countries, representing all levels of development, and uses various measures of macroeconomic instability, such as political, real and monetary volatility. The results suggest a negative impact of macroeconomic instability on the share of R&D financed by the domestic business sector. These outcomes highlight the desirability of counter-cyclical policy interventions aiming to prevent the avoidance or abandonment of private R&D undertakings in unstable macroeconomic environments.
The Value Relevance of Goodwill Impairments: UK Evidence

Using a sample of 528 firm-year observations, drawn from the top 500 UK listed firms for 2005 and 2006, this study employs a multivariate ordinary least squares regression to assess the value relevance of goodwill impairment losses following the adoption of IFRS No. 3 “Business Combinations”. Empirical results reveal a significant negative association between reported goodwill impairment losses and market value, suggesting that these impairments are perceived by investors to reliably measure a decline in the value of goodwill and incorporated in their firm valuation assessments. The study provides evidence consistent with IASB’s objectives in developing the impairment-only standard and reinforces the argument that, through IFRS 3, managers are more likely to use their accounting discretion to convey privately held information about the underlying performance of the firms.
Effects of Baking, Roasting and Frying on Total Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity in Colored Chickpea Seeds

Chickpea lines with colored testa (seed coat) contain high levels of polyphenolic compounds that exhibit high levels of antioxidant activity. In a previous study, we showed that common processing procedures, such as soaking and cooking, decrease the levels of these bioactive compounds and subsequent overall antioxidant activity. The observed reduction in total phenolic content was due to the movement of polyphenols from the seed coat to the soaking or cooking water. Here, the effects of baking, roasting and frying processes were examined in relation to total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and ferric-reducing ability of plasma antioxidant activity (FRAP AA) of colored chickpea seeds. Baked, fried and roasted colored chickpea seeds had significantly higher levels of TPC, TFC and FRAP AA than regular cream- and beige-colored seeds subjected to the same treatments. In contrast to our previous results with soaking and cooking, baking, frying and roasting retained most of the TPC, TFC and FRAP AA in the final products. Thus, colored chickpeas subjected to these three processing methods might be considered a functional food in addition to its traditional role of providing dietary proteins.
Patience and Comparative Development

This paper studies the relationship between patience and comparative development through a combination of reduced-form analyses and model estimations. Based on a globally representative dataset on time preference in 76 countries, we document two sets of stylized facts. First, patience is strongly correlated with per capita income and the accumulation of physical capital, human capital and productivity. These correlations hold across countries, subnational regions, and individuals. Second, the magnitude of the patience elasticity strongly increases in the level of aggregation. To provide an interpretive lens for these patterns, we analyze an OLG model in which savings and education decisions are endogenous to patience, aggregate production is characterized by capital-skill complementarities, and productivity implicitly depends on patience through a human capital externality. In our model estimations, general equilibrium effects alone account for a non-trivial share of the observed amplification effects, and an extension to human capital externalities can quantitatively match the empirical evidence.
The multifractal structure of satellite sea surface temperature maps can be used to obtain global maps of streamlines

Abstract. Nowadays Earth observation satellites provide information about many relevant variables of the ocean-climate system, such as temperature, moisture, aerosols, etc. However, to retrieve the velocity field, which is the most relevant dynamical variable, is still a technological challenge, specially in the case of oceans. New processing techniques, emerged from the theory of turbulent flows, have come to assist us in this task. In this paper, we show that multifractal techniques applied to new Sea Surface Temperature satellite products opens the way to build maps of ocean currents with unprecedented accuracy. With the application of singularity analysis, we show that global ocean circulation patterns can be retrieved in a daily basis. We compare these results with high-quality altimetry-derived geostrophic velocities, finding a quite good correspondence of the observed patterns both qualitatively and quantitatively; and this is done for the first time on a global basis, even for less active areas. The implications of this findings from the perspective both of theory and of operational applications are discussed.
Processes governing phosphorus availability in temperate soils

Phosphorus losses from agricultural soil to water bodies are mainly related to the excessive accumulation of available P in soil as a result of long-term inputs of fertilizer P. Since P is a nonrenewable resource, there is a need to develop agricultural systems based on maximum P use efficiency with minimal adverse environmental impacts. This requires detailed understanding of the processes that govern the availability of P in soil, and this paper reviews recent advances in this field. The first part of the review is dedicated to the understanding of processes governing inorganic P release from the solid phase to the soil solution and its measurement using two dynamic approaches: isotope exchange kinetics and desorption of inorganic P with an infinite sink. The second part deals with biologically driven processes. Improved understanding of the abiotic and biotic processes involved in P cycling and availability will be useful in the development of effective strategies to reduce P losses from agricultural soils, which will include matching crop needs with soil P release and the development of appropriate remediation techniques to reduce P availability in high P status soils.
Saving the world for all the wrong reasons: Extrinsic motivation reduces favorability of prosocial acts

When observing the prosocial acts of others, people tend to be very concerned with the reasons for act. A charitable donation motivated by concern for the charitable cause is seen as noble, while the same donation motivated by image enhancement is seen as disingenuous. In a series of six studies, participants consistently evaluated extrinsically motivated prosocial acts to be subjectively smaller and less impactful than the identical but intrinsically motivated act, and evaluated the extrinsically motivated actors less favorably than intrinsically motivated actors. These effects were robust across different prosocial domains and across different types of acts, including the donation of money and time and for conservation behaviors. These results demonstrate that motivation information causes people to violate strict adherence to principles of fungibility, using contextual information to evaluate equal fungible units differently. Two further studies establish that people will adjust their choices of products and resource allocation to punish extrinsically motivated actors and reward intrinsically motivated actors. The authors discuss these findings relative to formal principles of rationality, and propose an explanation of contextualized rationality. The implications of these findings for policymaking and implementation are discussed.