Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Examination of the Combined Influences of Maternal Cognitions, Affect, and Behavior on Child Outcomes: A Model Comparison Approach

AN EXAMINATION OF THE COMBINED INFLUENCES OF MATERNAL COGNITIONS, AFFECT, AND BEHAVIOR ON CHILD OUTCOMES: A MODEL COMPARISON APPROACH Elizabeth A. Heideman Marquette University, 2011 The primary goal of this study was to better understand the combined influence of maternal affect, cognitions and behavior on child internalizing and externalizing behavior. Specifically, mothers and children completed a series of measures designed to assess parenting stress, parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and child internalizing and externalizing behavior. Participants were 115 mothers and their school-aged children who participated in an outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Results suggest that child reported maternal warmth and control were important in influencing the development of internalizing behavior in children. Additionally, maternal parenting stress, warmth and control were found to be important influences in the development of externalizing behavior in children. The findings from this study demonstrate that the affective component of parenting (i.e., parenting stress) is the most powerful indicator of child external outcomes. Specifically, how stressed parents feel about being a parent significantly impacts not only how they behave toward their children but also directly affects how their children behave. Finally, an important finding of this research is the unique perspective parents and children have over internalizing and externalizing behaviors and their perceptions of maternal parenting behavior. More specifically, this study suggests that when examining internalizing behavior in children, child perceptions of parenting are the most important consideration; however, when examining externalizing behavior, both maternal and child perceptions of parenting are important to consider. This highlights the importance of understanding both mothers’ and children’s perceptions of parenting behavior in order to best understand the influence this has over the development of internalizing and externalizing outcomes in children.
The moderating role of individual variables in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of individual variables (organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) and work locus of control (WLOC)) that have been suspected to intervene as moderators on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. Design/methodology/approach Self-administered survey was completed by 272 bank employees in Istanbul, Turkey. Findings The results of moderation analyses clearly indicated a significant effect of OBSE and WLOC on the link between justice perceptions and organizational commitment. People are more committed to organizations when they have high OBSE. WLOC together with OBSE moderated the relationship between procedural justice and organizational commitment: people engaged less in their organizations when they perceived low procedural justice and reported lower OBSE. This relationship was revealed only when external WLOC scores were high. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted in Istanbul, Turkey and the sample was limited to 272 participants. These results show that managers should not only hire personnel with high OBSE but they also should provide a participative work atmosphere where employees can perform with all their potential and capacity that may help them reveal their internal WLOC. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed in the end. Originality/value The study provides some valuable contributions to the existing body of literature by exhibiting the role of individual variables in the strong relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. The findings of the study also contribute to banking sector that has been critical and popular in Turkey since 2001.
An Empirical Study of Operational Performance Parity Following Enterprise System Deployment

This paper presents an empirical investigation into whether the implementation of packaged Enterprise Systems (ES) leads to parity in operational performance. Performance change and parity in operational performance are investigated in three geographically defined operating regions of a single firm. Order lead time, the elapsed time between receipt of an order and shipment to a customer, is used as a measure of operational performance. A single ES installation was deployed across all regions of the subject firm's operations. Findings illustrate parity as an immediate consequence of ES deployment. However, differences in rates of performance improvement following deployment eventually result in significant (albeit smaller than pre‐deployment) performance differences. An additional consequence of deployment seems to be an increased synchronization of performance across the formerly independent regions.
Does Global Human Resource Practice Affect Employee Job Satisfaction In Palestinian Firm's? An Evidence‐Based Analytical

The paper aim to explore the impact of global human resource practice on employee job performance in Palestinian firm's based on human resource studies in several cultures. A literature review covered the relationship between the variables. A quantitative method used in this study, the result indicate global human resource practice has a positive significant impact on employee job satisfaction in Palestinian firms. This paper contributes to existing knowledge by testing HR practices in different firms. However, the study result provide practitioners with better insights into some practices that could elevate the employee job satisfaction. Future studies needs to explore other global human resource practices affect on organizational commitment, employee behaviors and attitude in different industries and different countries.
Estimating Wealth Distribution: Top Tail and Inequality

This article describes mathematical methods for estimating the top-tail of the wealth distribution and therefrom the share of total wealth that the richest $p$ percent hold, which is an intuitive measure of inequality. As the data base for the top-tail of the wealth distribution is inevitably less complete than the data for lower wealth, the top-tail distribution is replaced by a parametric model based on a Pareto distribution. The different methods for estimating the parameters are compared and new simulations are presented which favor the maximum-likelihood estimator for the Pareto parameter $\alpha$. New criteria for the choice of other parameters are presented which have not yet been discussed in the literature before. The methods are applied to the 2012 data from the ECB Household and Consumption Survey (HFCS) for Germany and the corresponding rich list from the Manager Magazin. In addition to a presentation of all formulas, R scripts implementing them are provided by the author.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Education and Youth Entrepreneurship in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria

Entrepreneurship is increasingly being accepted as an important and innovative strategy for improving the livelihood and economic independence of young people. Also, information and communication technology (ICT) is believed to help the youths develop varied skills including entrepreneurial skills. This paper examines the role of ICT education in enhancing youth entrepreneurship in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Relying on Bandura’s theory of self efficacy, the paper explains that youth’s firm belief that they can radically change their life influences their motivation, decision, and ability to establish and run an enterprise; and that ICT education plays a crucial role in developing appreciable levels of self efficacy and entrepreneurial spirit in the youths. Data for the study were generated through the questionnaire administered to 1,890 respondents. Results of the study show that: youths in urban areas are increasingly accessing ICT education; ICT education enhances entrepreneurship in many ways; and more youths have high self efficacy as a result of the ICT education they have received. However, the study found that only few youths are into entrepreneurial activities, owing to the challenges influencing entrepreneurship in Nigeria. The challenges listed by the youths include poor education or illiteracy, inadequate access to factors of production, insufficient capital, poor motivation, lack of credit facilities, inadequate entrepreneurial training, constrained access to local and international markets, and inadequate infrastructural facilities including access road and electricity. The paper concludes that helping the youths to overcome these challenges will position them to contribute to national development.
The impact of metazooplankton on the structure of the microbial food web in a shallow, hypertrophic lake.

Shallow, hypertrophic Lake Sobygard is characterized by strong fluctuations in the plankton community structure over short time scales, and cascading predation effects from higher to lower trophic levels. We examined the coupling between the classical and microbial food web for a 1 month period, during which the typical zooplankton summer succession from rotifers (mainly Brachionus spp.) to cyclopoid copepods and daphnids occurred. In addition to the analysis of the plankton succes- sion, we performed mesocosm experiments, comparing the microbial community structure in treat- ments with and without metazooplankton. We focused on the development of different functional groups within the microbial food web: total heterotrophic bacteria, filamentous bacteria (as grazing- resistant forms), prokaryotic and eukaryotic, autotrophic picoplankton (pAPP and eAPP), hetero- trophic nanoflagellates (HNF) and ciliates. During the first experiment, the metazooplankton was dominated by rotifers which exerted only moderate top-down control on small ciliates, HNF and APP. Cascading predation effects were visible after the collapse of the rotifer population; enhanced protozoan grazing resulted in a decrease in single-celled bacteria and an increase in filamentous bacteria. During the second experiment, characterized by dominance of Cyclops vicinus, strong alter- ations in the microbial food web structure occurred. The most obvious effects were an efficient predation control of planktonic ciliates by copepods and a shift of the picoplankton towards fila- mentous bacteria and a very high biomass of pAPP, which we interpret as a result of enhanced protozoan grazing pressure on bacterioplankton. After the peak in cyclopoids, Daphnia spp. became the dominant zooplankton taxa which resulted in the well known strong predation effects on all microbial components. The two experiments confirm that metazooplankton species composition is an important structuring factor for the microbial food web. Two functional groups deserve special attention: filamentous bacteria and pAPP. Filamentous bacteria, which attained nearly 50% of total heterotrophic bacterial biomass during the second period, seem to be a sensitive indicator of the overall planktonic food web structure and showed significant responses in the enclosures. With a special staining procedure, we analysed the abundance of filamentous bacteria in Lugol-fixed samples collected since 1984 during periods when either daphnids, cyclopoids or rotifers dominated the meta- zooplankton community. On average, high abundance of filaments was always associated with Cyclops-dominated situations, low numbers with Daphnia dominance and high, but rather variable numbers with rotifer dominance. A general close correlation of pAPP with filamentous bacteria might indicate that pAPP also possess a reduced edibility for protozoans.
Chapter 2 STUDIES FROM ADAM KNOCKOUT MICE

ADAMs are membrane anchored glycoproteins that contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. This chapter will focus on recent insights that have emerged from studies of “knockout” mice for ADAM proteases that are widely expressed or at least expressed in a variety of different cells and tissues (ADAMs 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17 and 19). These studies have shown that ADAM10 is important for signaling via the cell surface receptor Notch during development, while ADAM17 is critical for the development of the lung, epithelial structures and semilunar heart valves because of its role in the functional activation of ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor. ADAM19 is essential for proper development of heart valves and the ventricular septum, although the underlying mechanism remains to be established. On the other hand, ADAMs 8, 9, 12 and 15 are dispensable for normal development and adult life in mice, at least under laboratory conditions. However, ADAM15 has a critical role in pathological neovascularization, making it a potential target for the design of inhibitors of angiogenesis. The availability of viable knockout mice for several widely expressed ADAM proteases sets the stage for a more comprehensive analysis of potential functions of these proteins in physiological and pathological processes. Furthermore, in light of the essential roles of ADAMs 10, 17 and 19 in development, it will be interesting to generate conditional knockout mice in order to evaluate the function of these proteases in adult animals.
Computational Models for Spatial Prepositions

Developing computational models of spatial prepositions (such as on, in, above, etc.) is crucial for such tasks as human-machine collaboration, story understanding, and 3D model generation from descriptions. However, these prepositions are notoriously vague and ambiguous, with meanings depending on the types, shapes and sizes of entities in the argument positions, the physical and task context, and other factors. As a result truth value judgments for prepositional relations are often uncertain and variable. In this paper we treat the modeling task as calling for assignment of probabilities to such relations as a function of multiple factors, where such probabilities can be viewed as estimates of whether humans would judge the relations to hold in given circumstances. We implemented our models in a 3D blocks world and a room world in a computer graphics setting, and found that true/false judgments based on these models do not differ much more from human judgments that the latter differ from one another. However, what really matters pragmatically is not the accuracy of truth value judgments but whether, for instance, the computer models suffice for identifying objects described in terms of prepositional relations, (e.g., “the box to the left of the table”, where there are multiple boxes). For such tasks, our models achieved accuracies above 90% for most relations.
Reflexivity in Qualitative Research: A Journey of Learning

Conducting research, more so, fieldwork, changes every researcher in many ways. This paper shares the various reflexivities – the journeys of learning – that we underwent as field researchers. Here, we share the changes brought about to ourselves, as a result of the research process, and how these changes have affected the research process. It highlights the journey of discovering how we, as researchers, shaped and how we were shaped by the research process and outputs. All these efforts were done in our attempts to discover and understand various social phenomena and issues such as poverty, development, gender, migration, and ill health in the Philippines. This article includes the challenges encountered in our epistemological stance/s and personal and methodological concerns shown in our reflexivity notes/insights. Indeed, it is when researchers acknowledge these changes, that reflexivity in research constitutes part of the research findings. It is through this consciousness of the relational and reflective nature of being aware of personal and methodological concerns that we honor ourselves, our teammates/co-researchers and all others involved with the research project. As researchers, we need to be cognizant of our contributions to the construction of meanings and of lived experiences throughout the research process. We need to acknowledge that indeed it is impossible to remain “outside of” one's study topic while conducting research.
Substrate quality affects microbial‐ and enzyme activities in rooted soil

The rhizosphere reflects a sphere of high substrate input by means of rhizodeposits. Active microorganisms and extracellular enzymes are known to be responsible for substrate utilization in soil, especially in rooted soil. We tested for microbial- and enzyme activities in arable soil, in order to investigate the effects of continuous input of easily available organics (e.g., root-exudates) to the microbial community. In a field experiment with maize, rooted and root-free soil were analyzed and rhizosphere processes were linked to microbial activity indicators such as specific microbial growth rates and kinetics of six hydrolytic extracellular enzymes: β-glucosidase, β-cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, acid phosphatase, leucine- and tyrosine-aminopeptidase. Higher potential activities of leucine-aminopeptidase (2-fold) for rooted vs. root-free soil suggested increased costs of enzyme production, which retarded the specific microbial growth rates. Total microbial biomass determined by the substrate-induced respiration technique and dsDNA extraction method was 23% and 42% higher in the rooted surface-layer (0–10 cm) compared to the root-free soil, respectively. For the rooted soil, potential enzyme activities of β-glucosidase were reduced by 23% and acid phosphatase by 25%, and increased by 300% for β-cellobiohydrolase at 10–20 cm depth compared to the surface-layer. The actively growing microbial biomass increased by the 17-fold in rooted soil in the 10–20 cm layer compared to the upper 10 cm. Despite the specific microbial growth rates showing no changes in the presence of roots, these rates decreased by 42% at 10–20 cm depth compared to the surface-layer. This suggests the dominance in abundances of highly active but slower growing microbes with depth, reflecting also their slower turnover. Shifts in microbial growth strategy, upregulation of enzyme production and increased microbial respiration indicate strong root effects in maize planted soil.
The Interaction of a Baroclinic Mean Flow with Long Rossby Waves

Abstract The effect of a baroclinic mean flow on long oceanic Rossby waves is studied using a combination of analytical and numerical solutions of the eigenvalue problem. The effect is summarized by the value of the nondimensional number when the mean flow shear keeps a constant sign throughout the water column. Because previous studies have shown that no interaction occurs if the mean flow has the shape of the first unperturbed mode (the non–Doppler shift effect), an implicit assumption in the application of the present work to the real ocean is that the relative projections of the mean flow on the second and higher modes remain approximately constant. Because R2 is large at low latitudes between 10° and 30° (the southern branches of subtropical gyres or the regions of surface westward shear), the phase speed of the first mode is very slightly decreased from the no mean flow standard theory case. Between 30° and 40° latitudes (the northern branches of the subtropical gyres or the regions of surface eastw.
Infant Skin Barrier, Structure, and Enzymatic Activity Differ from Those of Adult in an East Asian Cohort

Skin physiology is dynamically changing over the first years of postnatal life; however, ethnic variations are still unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize infant skin barrier function, epidermal structure, and desquamation-related enzymatic activity as compared to that of adult skin in an East Asian population. The skin properties of 52 infants (3-24 months) and 27 adults (20-40 years) were assessed by noninvasive methods at the dorsal forearm and upper inner arm. Transepidermal water loss and skin surface conductance values were higher and more dispersed for infants compared to adults. Infant skin surface pH was slightly lower than adult on the dorsal forearm. The infant SC and viable epidermis were thinner compared to adults with differences that were site-specific. Although the chymotrypsin-like activity for infant skin was comparable to adult level, the caseinolytic specific activity was significantly higher for the infant cohort. These observations indicate a differently controlled pattern of corneocyte desquamation in infants. In conclusion, structural and functional differences exist between infant and adult skin in the East Asian population pointing to dynamic maturation of the epidermal barrier early in life.
A Tactile Computer Mouse for the Display of Surface Material Properties

We present a novel input/output device to display the tactile properties of surface materials. The proposed Tactile Computer Mouse (TCM) is equipped with a series of actuators that can create perceptually relevant tactile cues to a user. The display capabilities of our TCM match the major tactile dimensions in human surface material perception, namely, hardness, friction, warmth, microscopic roughness, and macroscopic roughness. The TCM also preserves necessary interaction capabilities of a typical computer mouse. In addition to the TCM design, we introduce data acquisition procedures and concepts that are necessary to derive a parametric representation of a surface material and further demonstrate the corresponding rendering approach on the TCM. We conducted subjective experiments to determine tactile property ratings of real materials, perceived property ratings using the TCM, and how precisely subjects match the real materials to corresponding virtual material representations using the TCM in the absence of visual and audible clues. Our experimental results show that our TCM successfully displays the five fundamental tactile dimensions and that the twenty participants were able to perceive the TCM-produced virtual surface material tactile sensations with a recognition rate of 89.6 percent for ten different materials.
Epidemiological profile of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Gorakhpur Division, Uttar Pradesh, India

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a major threat to control of TB worldwide. Adequate information on socioepidemiological factors and their interaction is required for its control. The aim was to study the social and epidemiological profile of MDR-TB patient in Gorakhpur division. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 157 MDR-TB patients from Gorakhpur division admitted at DR-TB Center of a tertiary care center were interviewed during initiation of MDR-TB treatment using structured questionnaire and collected data were described using descriptive statistics. Results: More than 2/3rd of patients were male and the mean age was 32.15 ± 13.19 years. Overcrowding was present in 82.8% of households and ventilation of living room was inadequate in 72.7% of households. About 21.7% had history of contact with TB cases. Two-third of the patients practice unhygienic sputum disposal practices at home and at public places it was more than 90%. More than 60% of patients have the history of irregular treatment in intensive phase and 80% in continuation phase. Nearly 68.8% of patients were resistance to isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R) and 18.5% were resistance to H, R, and S (streptomycin) followed by H, R and E (Ethambutol). Nearly 3.8% of patients were HIV positive and 7% had history of diabetes. 64.3% were under severe thinness category according to the WHO classification. Conclusion: Study point out need of nutritional counseling and support throughout the treatment. Use of incentives, enhancing contact tracing and increasing awareness regarding sputum disposal practices are recommended for effective control.