Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research, Education, and Nonclinical Service Productivity of New Junior Anesthesia Faculty During a 2-Year Faculty Development Program

BACKGROUND:As a specialty, anesthesiology has relatively low research productivity. Prior studies indicate that junior faculty development programs favorably affect academic performance. We therefore initiated a junior faculty development program and hypothesized that most (>50%) new junior faculty would take <50 nonclinical days to achieve a primary program goal (e.g., investigation or publication), and <5 nonclinical days to achieve a secondary program goal (e.g., teaching or nonclinical service). METHODS:Twenty new junior faculty participated in the 2-year program which had a goal-oriented structure and was supported by nonclinical time, formally assigned mentors, and a didactic curriculum. Goal productivity equaled the number of program goals accomplished divided by the amount of nonclinical time received. Primary goal productivity was expressed as primary goals accomplished per 50 nonclinical days. Secondary goal productivity was expressed as secondary goals accomplished per 5 nonclinical days. RESULTS:Median primary goal productivity was 0.45 primary goals per 50 nonclinical days (25th–75th interquartile range = 0.00–0.73). Contrary to our hypothesis, most new junior faculty needed >50 nonclinical days to achieve a primary goal (17/20, P = 0.0026). Median secondary goal productivity was 0.57 secondary goals per 5 nonclinical days (25th–75th interquartile range = 0.38–0.77). Contrary to our hypothesis, most new junior faculty needed >5 nonclinical days to accomplish a secondary goal (18/20, P = 0.0004). It was not clear that the faculty development program increased program goal productivity. CONCLUSIONS:Even with structured developmental support, most new junior anesthesia faculty needed >50 nonclinical days to achieve a primary (traditional academic) goal and >5 nonclinical days to achieve a secondary goal. Currently, most new anesthesia faculty are not productive in traditional academic activities (research). They are more productive in activities related to clinical care, education, and patient care systems management.
Milk Yield and Quality of Holstein and Jersey Breeds of Cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria

About 1660 randomly collected milk yield records of 450 Jersey and 15 Holstein-Friesian cows were used to evaluate the effects of breed, month of lactation and milking time on the milk yield and quality of commercial dairy cows under the tropical climate of Nigeria. Mean milk yield and milk protein were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Holstein Friesian than in Jersey but Jersey breed had significantly higher (P<0.05) milk fat, solid non-fat, total solid, lactose, and titerable acidity. Milk yield in the month of January (4.96Kg) was significantly higher(P<0.05) compared with milk yield in the months of September and December (4.16Kg and 4.26Kg respectively). The milking of cows in the morning gave a significantly higher (P<0.05) quantity of milk than evening milking. There were significant (P<0.05) interraction effects of Breed x Time, Breed x Month, Time x Month, and Breed x Time x Month. The present study showed that Holstein-Friesian and Jersey breeds have potentials for milk production traits in the tropics and these could be harnessed to develop the Nigerian commercial dairy industry. However, the performance of the two breeds is subject to environmental factors such as time and month of milking. Key words: Milk yield, Milk quality, Jersey, Holstein/Freisian
A Theoretical Framework for Possibilistic Independence in a Weakly Ordered Setting

The notion of independence is central in many information processing areas, such as multiple criteria decision making, databases, or uncertain reasoning. This is especially true in the later case, where the success of Bayesian networks is basically due to the graphical representation of independence they provide. This paper first studies qualitative independence relations when uncertainty is encoded by a complete pre-order between states of the world. While a lot of work has focused on the formulation of suitable definitions of independence in uncertainty theories our interest in this paper is rather to formulate a general definition of independence based on purely ordinal considerations, and that applies to all weakly ordered settings. The second part of the paper investigates the impact of the embedding of qualitative independence relations into the scale-based possibility theory. The absolute scale used in this setting enforces the commensurateness between local pre-orders (since they share the same scale). This leads to an easy decomposability property of the joint distributions into more elementary relations on the basis of the independence relations. Lastly we provide a comparative study between already known definitions of possibilistic independence and the ones proposed here.
The role of Mediterranean diet in health and disease: an updated mini review

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the Mediterranean diet and its association to disease and health benefits derived from the adherence to it.Design/methodology/approach – The review includes the most updated studies found in PubMed all in relation to the adaptation of the Mediterranean diet.Findings – The cardioprotection of Mediterranean diet has been established. A number of cancer types could be prevented by following the Mediterranean type diet and the specific ingredients of it are also investigated to find their impact on health. Longevity is also favored by the adoption of this dietary pattern as is the population group diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and mental health disorders. The results about its consumption and obesity need further investigation. Patients with HIV, being on specific treatment, are advised not to follow the Mediterranean diet.Originality/value – This paper gives a concise, up‐to‐date overview to nutritionists and dietitians on the Mediterranean diet and its re.
Encontro do Plasmodium (S) tropiduri no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Relata-se o encontro, pela primeira vez no Estado de Sao Paulo - Brasil, de lagartos do genero Tropidurus, parasitados pelo Plasmodium (S) tropiduri, mencionando alguns dos achados anteriores do parasito em outras areas do pais e na Venezuela. Sao salientadas as baixas parasitemias encontradas e a semelhanca morfologica das formas estudadas com a descricao do parasita feita por Aragao e Neiva. Sao mostradas ainda as dificuldades no achado das formas exoeritrociticas encontradas no trombocitos. Assinala-se o encontro em baixa densidade, do A. (N) evansae e A. (N.) argyritarsis, numa das areas estudadas.
Can Vitamins and Mineral Supplements Improve Sports Performance?

Vitamin and mineral supplements are among the most popular supplements used by athletes and active people. Athletes use supplements to improve sports performance, prevent illness, recover from hard training, compensate for poor diet, and provide them energy. Is athletes' faith in micronutrients well placed? This article reviews the effects of energy-producing nutrients (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6), blood-building nutrients (iron, folate, vitamin B12, and copper), bone-building nutrients (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D), and antioxidants (vitamins E and C) on sports performance.
Diagnostic tests for Cushing's syndrome differ from published guidelines: data from ERCUSYN.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate which tests are performed to diagnose hypercortisolism in patients included in the European Registry on Cushing's syndrome (ERCUSYN), and to examine if their use differs from the current guidelines. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed data on the diagnostic tests performed in 1341 patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) who have been entered into the ERCUSYN database between January 1, 2000 and January 31, 2016 from 57 centers in 26 European countries. Sixty-seven percent had pituitary-dependent CS (PIT-CS), 24% had adrenal-dependent CS (ADR-CS), 6% had CS from an ectopic source (ECT-CS) and 3% were classified as having CS from other causes (OTH-CS). RESULTS Of the first-line tests, urinary free cortisol (UFC) test was performed in 78% of patients, overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in 60% and late-night salivary cortisol (LSaC) in 25%. Use of LSaC increased in the last five years as compared with previous years (P < 0.01). Use of HDDST was slightly more frequent in the last 5 years as compared with previous years (P < 0.05). Of the additional tests, late-night serum cortisol (LSeC) was measured in 62% and 48-h 2 mg/day low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) in 33% of cases. ACTH was performed in 78% of patients. LSeC and overnight 1 mg DST supported the diagnosis of both PIT-CS and ADR-CS more frequently than UFC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Use of diagnostic tests for CS varies across Europe and partly differs from the currently available guidelines. It would seem pertinent that a European consensus be established to determine the best diagnostic approach to CS, taking into account specific inter-country differences with regard to the availability of diagnostic tools.
Treatment of patients with colorectal cancer: emphasis on liver metastases

The treatment of colorectal liver metastases has progressed considerably in recent years. Coordinated multidisciplinary management of patients on clinical trials has resulted in 5-year survival rates exceeding 50%, and for certain patients cure is now a realistic goal. For all patients, the approval of six new drugs has contributed to an increase in median survival from 6 months to over 20 months. Recent molecular discoveries promise an era of tailored therapy in which only patients known to benefit will be treated, an approach that will enable more efficient use of the already stretched resources. Clinical trials continue to investigate different combinations and methods of administering approved therapies, but if the progress of the past decade is to be replicated it is imperative that we embrace innovative treatment strategies and novel trial designs. In this review, we highlight the developments that have improved survival for patients with colorectal liver metastases and discuss the many issues that challenge further progress.
"Dredging Method"- A Conservative Surgical Approach for the Treatment of Ameloblastoma of Jaw

Ameloblastoma is an aggressive benign odontogenic tumor of jaws with different clinical features and histologic patterns. The resection of mandible in growing young patient is associated with number of complications such as loss of jaw bone support, deformity, dysfunction and psychological distress even after reconstruction. An alternative conservative surgical procedure "Dredging Method" is a procedure which can eradicate the tumor as well as restore the normal contour and function of jaw. The procedure was followed in twenty four cases of histologically confirmed mandibular ameloblastoma in Bangladeshi patients, with recurrence of three cases in an average of two years follow up. The recurrent cases could be handled easily due to early detection in regular follow up. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2. 7951 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 72-77)
Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Leukocyte-Independent Plasma Extravasation and Mast Cell Activation during Endotoxemia☆

Abstract Background. Independently from leukocyte adherence, endothelial factors and mast cell activation seems to promote microvascular permeability. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to play a significant role in endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence. The aim of our study was to investigate if there is also a role for PAF in mediating leukocyte-independent microvascular permeability changes and activation of mast cells during endotoxemia. Therefore, during endotoxemia microvascular permeability and mast cell activation were determined after inhibition of L-selectin-mediated leukocyte adherence by fucoidin and after inhibition of PAF effects by the PAF receptor antagonist BN52021. Materials and methods. In male Wistar rats, red cell velocity ( V RBC ), venular wall shear rate, microvascular permeability, leukocyte adherence, and mast cell activation were determined in mesenteric postcapillary venules using intravital microscopy at baseline and 60 and 120 min after start of a continuous infusion of endotoxin (ETX; 2 mg/kg/h, Escherichia coli O26:B6) (ETX group). Animals in the FUCO/ETX group received fucoidin (25 mg/kg body wt) in addition to the procedure described above. Animals in the FUCO/ETX/PAF-ANT group received fucoidin and the PAF receptor antagonist BN52021 (5 mg/kg body wt) prior to the continuous endotoxin infusion. Control animals (control group) received only equivalent volumes of NaCl 0.9%. Results. There were no microhemodynamic and macrohemodynamic differences between groups. In all endotoxin-challenged groups macromolecular leakage and mast cell activity increased significantly, starting at 60 min. Both macromolecular leakage and mast cell activity were significantly higher in the FUCO/ETX group than in the FUCO/ETX/PAF-ANT group and control group. Differences in macromolecular leakage between groups were significant at 120 min. Differences in mast cell activity between groups were significant at 60 and 120 min. Conclusions. The results of our study demonstrate a leukocyte-independent plasma extravasation that can be inhibited by the PAF receptor antagonist BN52021, indicating the involvement of PAF in the pathophysiology of leukocyte-independent microvascular damage during early endotoxemia. Mast cell activity seems to precede leukocyte-independent macromolecular leakage.
Dual α2-adrenergic agonist and α1-adrenergic antagonist actions of dexmedetomidine on human isolated endothelium-denuded gastroepiploic arteries

UNLABELLED The actions of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on human vascular smooth muscle are unclear. We investigated its effects on isolated, endothelium-denuded human gastroepiploic arteries in vitro and compared them with clonidine (CLO). DEX had little direct effect on resting tension, whereas CLO produced small contractile responses, an effect which is blocked by the alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist prazosin. DEX markedly enhanced the high K(+) (40 mmol/L)-induced contraction, and this effect was reversed by the alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonists yohimbine and rauwolscine but unaffected by prazosin. However, CLO had little effect on the K(+) contractions. Interestingly, larger concentrations (>10(-7) mol/L) of both alpha(2)-adrenergic stimulants significantly inhibited the contractions elicited by the alpha(1)-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (10(-6) mol/L) and, to a lesser extent, those elicited by the alpha(1)/alpha(2)-agonist norepinephrine (10(-6) mol/L). These results suggest the possibility that DEX and CLO each have a high affinity for alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in human isolated gastroepiploic arteries, resulting in a reduced efficacy of alpha(1)-adrenergic activation by alpha-agonists. The differing affinities of the drugs for alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors may help explain their additional actions: 1) DEX enhances the high K(+)-induced contraction presumably through alpha(2)-adrenoceptor activation, and 2) CLO acts on alpha(1)-adrenoceptors as a partial agonist when present alone. IMPLICATIONS Dexmedetomidine may not directly affect smooth muscle in human peripheral resistance vessels within the usual range of plasma concentrations (<10(-7) mol/L) achieved in clinical practice. However, in large doses, it could enhance the response to nonadrenergic vasoconstrictor agonists while antagonizing the vasoconstrictor response to alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonists.
Indiscernibles, EM-Types, and Ramsey Classes of Trees

It was shown in \cite{sc12} that for a certain class of structures $\I$, $\I$-indexed indiscernible sets have the modeling property just in case the age of $\I$ is a Ramsey class. We expand this known class of structures from ordered structures in a finite relational language to ordered, locally finite structures which isolate quantifier-free types by way of quantifier-free formulas. As a corollary, we may conclude that certain classes of finite trees are Ramsey, some previously known. See updated paper for new references.
Characterization of coherent Conditional Probabilities as a Tool for their Assessment and Extension

A major purpose of this paper is to show the broad import and applicability of the theory of probability as proposed by de Finetti, which differs radically from the usual one (based on a measure-theoretic framework). In particular, with reference to a coherent conditional probability, we prove a characterization theorem, which provides also a useful algorithm for checking coherence of a given assessment. Moreover it allows to deepen and generalise in useful directions de Finetti’s extension theorem (dubbed as “the fundamental theorem of probability”), emphasising its operational aspects in many significant applications.
America's critical juncture: the Affordable Care Act and its reverberations.

The fiery battle over the formulation and passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (or Affordable Care Act) of 2010 has given way to a new war over adjectives to describe it. “Great” or “appalling”; “momentous accomplishment” or “unconstitutional takeover. ” This war of description is understandable given the clashing values, interests, and partisan struggles for power that the legislation sparked. But it is also a distraction from identifying and analyzing the content of the legislation and its historic significance as a critical juncture in restructuring previous patterns of health care financing and delivery and in initiating new developmental trajectories. While we attempt to make sense of the political processes that created the Affordable Care Act (ACA), it behooves us to also consider how the ACA will almost certainly foster a new politics. The enactment of the Affordable Care Act will trigger new paths of institutional development, generating new sets of relationships, commitments, and patterns of operation (e.g., North 1990; Pierson 2000). This new political trajectory will impact the distributional effects of health policy, the scope of decision making, and the representation of diverse interests in health policy debates (Mettler and Soss 2004; EspingAnderson 1990). In particular, the ACA will likely give rise to three gradual and likely uneven developmental patterns: (1) a shift in policy from distributing health insurance according to the ability to pay and obtain generous employer coverage to extending health insurance as a social right by redistributing resources from the affluent and healthy;
ypoxia / ischemia upregulates Id 2 expression in neuronal cells n vivo and in vitro

Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (Id2) belongs to a family of transcriptional modulators characterized by a helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif that lacks the basic amino acid domain necessary to bind DNA. The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the role of Id2 in hypoxia/ischemia (H/I)-induced neuronal apoptosis. Following H/I induction in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in cerebral cortices of the penumbra area increased gradually, while the Id2 mRNA and protein expression were also significantly upregulated. The hypoxia-mimetic, cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-treated rat neuroblastoma B35 cell line also schemia euronal cell poptosis demonstrated enhanced Id2 mRNA and protein expression as well as increased number of cells in the sub-G1 populations after H/I exposure. Consistently, the expression of Bax, a proapoptotic protein, was also up-regulated in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, triple immunofluorescence demonstrated the obvious co-localization of Id2, TUNEL and NeuN in neurons of the penumbra area. These data suggest that H/I upregulates Id2 expression in neuronal cells, and Id2 might play an important role in H/I-induced neuronal
Nursing interventions on the needs of people with spinal cord injury: an integrative review

Objective: To identify the nursing interventions used in care practices to the people with Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) in the prehospital care, hospital attendance or in home care. Method: Integrative Review in BVS and PubMed, using these descriptors: Nursing, Spinal Cord Injuries, Paraplegia and Quadriplegia. Results: The most prevalent interventions were: to position the patient correctly; to change the decubitus and to eliminate pressure in the injured area; to observe the urinary and bowel eliminations, inspect the skin; to perform the vesical catheterization and enema; to promote the hygiene. The educational interventions to people with SCI and their families, emphasizing to the achievement of self-care, are still limited. Conclusion: Most of the interventions were related to these patterns: Activity and exercise; Elimination; Nutrition and Metabolism. There is a need to create a specific script to systematize nursing care to people with SCI and their families.
Wrist Septic Arthritis: An 11 Year Review.

BACKGROUND This report utilizes 11 years (2003-2013) of clinical records of patients for a retrospective evaluation of the effectiveness of various combinations of diagnostic methods, treatment options and surgical procedures to try to determine the optimal combinations to improve the rate of success for the treatment of septic wrist arthritis. METHODS Analysis of records of 40 patients treated for septic wrist arthritis in our hospital involving records of physical examination, full blood analysis, biochemical, microbial profiles, type of surgical intervention, length of stay, number of surgical interventions to resolution and the rate of morbidity and mortality. The patients were subdivided into 2 groups, consisting of 6 (mortality) in one group and 34 (non-mortality) in the other. The various parameters as listed above were compared for differences. The patient records included those from immunocompromised elderly patients, with other existing medical complications such as gout, pseudogout, cellulitis and arthritic flare that made accurate diagnosis of septic wrist arthritis challenging. RESULTS There is a trend showing better success in the treatment of septic wrist arthritis among patients without co-morbid medical problems. Due to the unavoidable delays in microbial identification, it was noted that escalation of antibiotics should be adopted especially for the immunocompromised patients. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus, the most common microbial pathogen in our findings, point to the need to adopt a lower threshold for escalation of antibiotics for immunocompromised patients with slow reversal of infection in order to reduce morbidity, mortality, number of surgeries and length of post-operative stay.