Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Drug and Alcohol Addiction from a Biological, Emotional and Relational Perspective

Drug and alcohol addiction is a very controversial issue in America today, and it is extremely common in our society. Evidence suggests that biological and physiological brain mechanisms are involved in drug and alcohol addiction, and that emotional and psychological development also play a key role. Furthermore addiction can be seen in terms of interpersonal relationships: the family system involved and the individual’s relationship with his or her drug of choice. Lastly, addiction can be understood in terms of effective treatment and what it takes for a person to recover. The purpose of this thesis was to explore various perspectives on drug and alcohol addiction, in order to develop a better understanding of the nature of this disease. Findings indicated that there are significant differences in the brain structure and function of individuals with an addiction when compared to non-addicted individuals. Research studies and personal interviews suggest that there also seems to be a strong connection between negative emotions and the development of a substance abuse problem. Additionally, it was determined that the effects of an addiction can influence entire family systems causing significant dysfunction (Black, 1981). The findings in this paper indicate that addictions are extremely complex and the bio-physiological, emotional, and relational aspects of an addiction all are important factors in understanding this disease. Running head: UNDERSTANDING ADDICTION 4
Patients’ Adult Attachment Interview classification and their experience of the therapeutic relationship: are they associated?

In the last decade of his career, Jeremy Safran became increasingly interested in investigating the ways in which attachment representations influence the therapeutic relationship. In this paper, we test such influence in a sample of thirty outpatients who received Brief Relational Therapy by comparing their independently coded pre-treatment Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) with their narratives in a post-treatment interview about the relationship with the therapist (the Patient Relationship Interview at Termination, PRI-T). The PRI-T was coded with the following three measures: i) The Patient Attachment to Therapist Rating Scale (PAT-RS), which assesses the quality of the patient’s attachment relationship to the therapist; ii) the Coherence scale from the AAI, adapted for use on the PRI-T; and iii) the Patient Attachment Classification System (PACS), which measures generalized differences in how individuals convey their experiences and feelings. Results suggest that patients’ AAI predicts how they experience, represent, and communicate about the therapeutic relationship at the end of treatment, as shown by the PAT-RS, the Coherence scale adapted for use on the PRI-T, and the PACS applied to the PRI-T. These findings lend support to Safran and others’ hypothesis that patients’ AAI-status plays a role in patients’ representations of the relationship with the therapist.
Love Attitudes and Violence: Consequences of Burden of Care on Women

espanolRESUMEN La violencia en pareja contra la mujer es la forma de violencia mas extendida. Las mujeres que permanecen en relaciones violentas viven con sentimientos de amor y cuidado. Este estudio tiene como objetivos analizar la relacion entre la violencia, las actitudes amorosas y la sobrecarga del cuidado, evaluar las diferencias de estas dos primeras en funcion del tipo de sobrecarga del cuidado, analizar el papel predictivo de las actitudes amorosas y la violencia sobre la carga del cuidado y estudiar el efecto mediador de las actitudes amorosas en la relacion entre violencia y sobrecarga del cuidado. Doscientas cincuenta mujeres del Pais Vasco (Espana), con edades entre los 30 y los 84 anos (M = 58.66, DT = 10.46) participaron en el estudio. Se ha utilizado un diseno de estudio transversal. Los resultados indican una relacion positiva entre la sobrecarga leve y el abuso psicologico ejercido, observandose que un estilo de amor de tipo agape y el abuso psicologico leve y severo ejercido predicen la carga percibida del cuidado. Asimismo, se aprecia que las actitudes amorosas median la relacion entre la violencia y la carga del cuidado. Se concluye que las actitudes amorosas y la violencia ejercida y recibida influyen en la percepcion de sobrecarga de la mujer cuidadora, lo que debe tenerse en cuenta al evaluar las relaciones de pareja. EnglishABSTRACT Intimate partner violence against women is considered one of the most widespread forms of violence. Women staying in violent relationships is associated with feelings of love and caregiving. The objectives of this study were to investigate potential associations between violence (received and perpetrated), love styles, and perceived caregiver burden; to assess differences in the type of violence as a function of perceived caregiver burden; to analyse the predictive role of violence received and perpetrated and love styles in caregivers’ burden; and to determine whether love styles mediate in the relation between violence and perceived caregivers’ burden. Two hundred fifty women from the Basque Country(Spain), aged between 30 and 84 years (M = 58.66, SD = 10.46) participated in the study. It is a transversal study design. Results show a positive correlation between low burden and psychological aggression perpetrated. Further, the Agape love style and severe and minor psychological aggression perpetrated, and minor injury perpetrated were predictors of perceived caregiving burden. Finally, the findings indicate that love styles mediate the relationship between violence and care burden. The study concludes that love styles and perpetrated and received violence influence women’s perceived caregiver burden. This should be taken into account when evaluating relationships.
The Effect of Translationese on SMT Tuning

Translationese is a term that is used to describe the special characteristics of translated texts, as opposed to originally authored tests (Gellerstam, 1986). Translations are different than original texts, which can be due both to influences from the source language and as a result of the translation process itself. For instance, texts that are translated tends to have shorter sentences, have a lower type/token ratio than original texts, and explicitate information, for instance by using more cohesive markers than in original texts. (Lembersky, 2013). Several studies have shown that it is possible to use text classification techniques to distinguish between original and translated texts with high accuracy (Baroni and Bernardini, 2006; Volansky et al., 2015), further supporting that there is a clear difference between original and translated texts. Translationese has been shown to have an effect in relation to the training of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems, where the best results are seen when the texts used for training the SMT system have been translated in the same direction as that of the SMT system. This has been shown both for the translation model (TM) (Kurokawa et al., 2009; Lembersky et al., 2012; Joelsson, 2016) and for the language model (LM) for which it is better to use translated than original texts (Lembersky et al., 2011). It works nearly as well to use predicted translationese as known translationese, both for the LM and TM (Twitto et al., 2015). It has also been shown that adding features related to translationese to the TM improves translation quality (Lembersky et al., 2012). Besides the data used for training the LM and TM, another important text for SMT training is the text used for tuning. The tuning text is used for tuning, or optimizing, the weights of the different models used in the SMT system. It is small compared to the other training data, and usually contains a couple of thousands of sentences, as opposed to millions of sentences for the LM and TM. To the best of our knowledge the effect of translationese has not previously been studied with respect to the tuning text. In this paper we perform a small pilot study investigating the effect of the translation direction in the tuning text. We explore this for translation between German (de) and English (en). Our expectation was that using a tuning text translated in the same direction as the SMT task would improve the translation quality. The results are somewhat conflicting, however, with different evaluations showing different results. It is clear, though, that the length ratio between the tuning texts is different depending on translation direction, which largely influences the SMT results. 2. Experimental setup
Impact of Delayed Acknowledgment on TCP performance over LEO satellite constellations

This paper aims at quantifying the impact of a default TCP option, known as Delayed Acknowledgment (DelAck), in the context of LEO satellite constellations. Satellite transmissions can suffer from high channel impairments, especially on the link between a satellite and a ground gateway. To cope with these errors, physical and link layer reliability schemes have been introduced, at the price of an increase of the end-to-end delay seen by the transport layer (e.g. TCP). Although DelAck is used to decrease the feedback path load and for overall system performance, the use of this option conjointly with satellite link layer recovery schemes might increase the delay and might be counterproductive. To assess the impact of this option, we drive simulation measurements with two well-deployed TCP variants. The results show that the performance gain depends on the variant used and that this option should be carefully set or disabled as a function of the network characteristics. DelAck has a negative impact on TCP variants which are more aggressive such as TCP Hybla, and should be disabled for these versions. However, it shows benefits for TCP variants less aggressive such as NewReno.
Stronger Risk Controls, Lower Risk: Evidence from U.S. Bank Holding Companies

We construct a Risk Management Index (RMI) to measure the strength and independence of the risk management function at bank holding companies (BHCs). U.S. BHCs with higher RMI before the onset of the financial crisis have lower tail risk, lower non-performing loans, and better operating and stock return performance during the financial crisis years. Over the period 1995 to 2010, BHCs with a higher lagged RMI have lower tail risk and higher return on assets, all else equal. Overall, these results suggest that a strong and independent risk management function can curtail tail risk exposures at banks.
Geometric Mean Maximization: Expected, Observed, and Simulated Performance

Portfolios can be optimized in a wide variety of ways, depending on the definition of risk and the goal stated. Although the traditional criterion of maximizing a portfolio’s Sharpe ratio remains the standard, many other alternatives exist and are currently used by practitioners. One of those alternatives is to maximize a portfolio’s geometric mean return, which amounts to maximizing the expected growth of the capital invested, or, similarly, the capital expected at the end of a holding period. In this article, we assess the expected, observed, and simulated performance of this criterion, and we compare it to those of the traditional criterion. We find that geometric mean maximization outperforms Sharpe ratio maximization in more than one dimension, ultimately providing investors with higher growth, much higher upside potential, and rather limited downside potential.
Performance Bounds on Sensor Placement Algorithms and Online Outlier Detection in the Power Grid

Accurate real-time estimation of the states is of critical importance in the operation of the power grid. The quality of the state estimates is essentially dependent on ensuring the collection of measurement data that provide maximal information about the states and ensuring the integrity of the collected data. This thesis addresses the problem of ensuring quality of the suboptimal solutions to the optimal sensor placement problem and also presents algorithms for detecting outliers or malicious data in the power grid. In the sensor placement problem, the number of sensors that can be deployed is often limited by costs and other resource constraints. Finding the best subset of sensor locations in a large network is prohibitively complex, forcing us to look for suboptimal algorithms. In this thesis we obtain numerical bounds on the suboptimal algorithms to assess the performance of these algorithms in the absence of the optimal solution. Given noisy measurements and knowledge of the state correlation matrix, we use the linear minimum mean squared error estimator as the state estimator to formulate the sensor placement problem as an integer programming problem. We develop a set of approximate algorithms and derive a set of analytical nested performance upper bounds to the optimal solution based on the structure of the data correlation matrix. The second part of the thesis investigates algorithms to ensure data integrity by detecting outliers in the sensor data. We study the detection of gross measurement errors and hidden data attacks in the power system as an online outlier detection problem. An online probability density based technique is presented to identify bad measurements within a sensor data stream in a decentralized manner using only the data from the neighboring buses and a onehop communication system. Analyzing the spatial and temporal dependency between the measurements, the proposed algorithm identifies the bad data. To develop an online outlier detection algorithm with lower complexity, a sparse online least-squares one-class support
Assessing the Utilization Level of E-Learning Resources among ODL Based Pre-Service Teacher Trainees.

Electronic resources have become a dominant feature of higher education, both traditional and distance learning based. Unlike in the past when universities relied majorly on the physical library and hard copy of books, e-books accessible through e-libraries are the dominant features of this century’s institutions of higher learning. This study investigated pre-service teacher trainees by distance and the utilization of e-learning resources. A survey research design was used to carry out the study. One hundred and forty four (144) pre-service teachers by distance from three institutions offering teacher training programmes by distance in South Africa completed the anonymous web based survey designed to gather data which provide answers to the five (5) research questions in the study. The results revealed a high utilization of e-resources to learn but a low utilization of e-resources to teach among the respondents. The study recommends institutional based training on the techniques of accessing and utilizing e-learning resources for pre-service teacher trainees in ODL institutions.
Birth Order Does Not Affect Ability to Detect Kin

Previous studies suggest that birth order affects kinship detection ability. Kaminski et al. (2010) argued that firstborns use contextual cues (e.g., maternal perinatal association) to assess kinship in their own family, leading to a disadvantage in assessing kinship from facial cues alone in strangers. In contrast, laterborns do not have the contextual cue of maternal perinatal association and hence rely more on facial cues, leading to an advantage in detecting kin from facial cues alone. However, Alvergne et al. (2010) found no evidence in support of such a birthorder effect. The current study aimed to replicate previous studies with better suited methods to determine the effect of birth order on kin recognition. 109 raters viewed 132 pairs of photographs of children (aged 3–17 years), and indicated whether each pair was related or unrelated. Half of the pairs were sibling pairs and half were unrelated child pairs that were age- and gender- matched to the related pairs. No image was shown more than once, related pairs were not known to be related to any other image in the study, and individuals from unrelated pairs were not known to be related to any other image. We used binomial logistic mixed effects modelling to predict kinship judgments from relatedness and birth order (with image pair and rater as random factors). Relatedness was the main factor driving kinship judgments; related child-pairs were more than twice as likely as unrelated pairs to be judged as kin. Kinship judgment accuracy was unaffected by rater birth order. These findings indicate that laterborns did not have an advantage in detecting child sibling pairs. Pre-registration, data, code, and preprint available at osf.io/h43ep.
Stakeholders' Conceptualization of Students' Attitudes and Persistence towards STEM: A Mixed Methods Instrument Development and Validation Study.

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v APPENDICES . xi LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xiii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Statement of the Problem . 1 Purpose of the Study . 6 Research Questions . 7 Definitions and Terms . 8 Delimitations and Limitations of the Study . 11 Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework . 13 Philosophical Assumptions-Postpositivism and Pragmatism.14 Theoretical Orientation . 16 Personal Experiences . 17 Literature Review . 17 Importance of non-cognitive skills . 18 Non-cognitive skills and K-12 education . 22 Non-cognitive skills in the labor market . 24 Measuring non-cognitive skills . 26 Attitudes . 28 Persistence.30 Concept mapping . 31 Significance of the Study . 34 Substantive Contributions . 34 Methodological Contributions . 34 Chapter 3: Methodology . 36 Research Design . 36 Overall QUAN priority sequential [concept mapping → quan] design . 37 Phase1: Concept Mapping Methodology-Instrument Development . 40
Organization and the structure of opportunities: Understanding the success of ethnic parties in postcommunist Europe

In this article, we formulate a theoretical framework that examines the “internal” organizational characteristics of ethnic minority political parties, the characteristics of the ethnic minority group they purport to represent, and the external environment that these parties face, to explain the political success of these parties. As an empirical plausibility probe of this framework, we use data from 1991 to 2016 for 41 ethnic minority parties across 12 countries and 89 national legislative elections. Using a logistic regression analysis, our findings suggest that party organizational capability is most associated with ethnic minority party success in postcommunist politics when compared to other “supply” and “structure of opportunity” variables.
Contextualising Relationships Between Mothers and Practitioners: Social Structures, Causal Factors, and Generative Mechanisms

This study seeks to build an explanation of the sociological, psychological, and political processes and practices involved in relationships between mothers and practitioners, as generative and causal powers that underlie and shape this. Critical realist’s primacy of ontology forms the starting point, with grounded theory as the epistemological force providing critical realism’s method, contextualising research, and embedding this more firmly into practice. As such, this article offers critical realist grounded theory (CRGT) as a tool for contextualising parent–practitioner relationships, drawing on retroductive argumentation, which involves moving from the level of observation and lived experiences to making (non-linear) inferences about underlying structures/mechanisms that may account for the phenomena. Thirty-four participants participated in six in-depth focus group discussions; three were with early years practitioners and three with mothers of children aged between 2 years and 4 years. Focused coding led to themes reflecting the lived experiences of mothers and practitioners, namely being valued, relationships, what happens at home, child at the centre, and when I am not there. In line with CRGT, multiple causal mechanisms (including the interpretations of each situation made by individuals) were identified that were active in the situated contexts. To improve relationships between mothers and practitioners, attention needs to be paid to the psychological, social, and political forces at play, as generative, causal, and contextual powers, that have an impact on the status and relationships of the players within this triad (mothers, practitioners, and child).
The Effectiveness of Webtoon to Develop Students’ Writing Skill in Narrative Text Of Tenth Grader In SMK PGRI 13 Surabaya

There are four main skills in learning English, writing, listening, reading, and speaking. In this research, the researcher focused on writing narrative text for tenth grader students of SMK PGRI 13 Surabaya. The medium that is used in this research is webtoon. It is kind of comic series which has picture and narration so it can be make the students learn how to write narrative text easier. The purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of webtoon in developing students’ writing skill in narrative text. The researcher used quantitative method and the data were collected through pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire. The researcher used two classes, experimental class and control class to do this research. After the data were collected and calculated, the result showed that the average of score got an increasing. Before getting treatment, the average score of experimental class was 55 and after getting treatment, the average score was becoming 69. Furthermore, based on the students’ response, it showed that mostly the students agreed that webtoon is useful to use in learning English, especially writing skill so webtoon can be effective to develop students’ writing skill in narrative text.