Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and molecular tracing of bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in cattle herds

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) are highly contagious pathogens that cause respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. BCoV is also associated with enteric disease in cattle of all ages. The aim of this thesis was to gain serological and molecular knowledge of BCoV and BRSV infections to help establish efficient future control in Sweden. In the first study, the prevalence of antibodies to BCoV and BRSV infections was studied in 20 conventional and 20 organic dairy herds in south-east Sweden. On two occasions, with a 1-year interval, 699 serum samples from 624 cows were tested by ELISA. The antibody prevalence to BCoV and BRSV was high (> 80%) at both sampling times. Conventional herds had a significantly higher seroprevalence than the organic herds (P < 0.01). There was a significant association (p < 0.001) of antibody prevalence and age of the cow, where titres were higher in older individuals. The findings in this study suggest that organic farm management routines may be effective in reducing the seroprevalence of these viruses. The second study was conducted on the molecular tracing of BCoV and BRSV throughout Sweden and also evolution of Betacoronavirus1. To investigate the molecular epidemiology of BCoV, the spike (S) gene of 27 PCR- positive samples from 2005 to 2009 were sequenced from 25 cattle herds. For BRSV, the glycoprotein (G) gene of PCR- positive samples during four years (2007 to 2011) were sequenced from 30 cattle herds. Sequence analysis revealed a high degree of identity among Swedish strains (> 97.7% for BCoV, > 94.5% for BRSV) regardless of clinical signs or animal age. Circulation of BCoV and BRSV between herds was found to occur throughout the year most often during the winter period. Identical sequences found in herds sampled within a few months' time suggested that these herds were part of a common transmission chain. Evolution analysis of the S gene of Betacoronavirus1 obtained since 1965 implies that BCoV strains are evolving genetically close to their human and canine counterparts. This study suggests that molecular analysis of strains can be a useful tool to support or rule out suspected transmission routes. Such knowledge is essential for the control of the spread of BCoV and BRSV between herds, regions and even countries.
Leading with emotional labor

Purpose – This paper seeks to argue that leaders perform emotional labor whenever they display emotions in an attempt to influence their subordinates' moods and motivations.Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper that integrates the literature on leadership with the research on emotional labor.Findings – This paper develops 15 propositions that distinguish emotional labor performed by leaders from that performed by front‐line service workers.Research limitations/implications – The paper suggests that leading with emotional labor is a fruitful research topic, and that considerable research could be done in this area.Practical implications – Instead of conducting business in a non‐emotional, “business‐like manner”, leaders would benefit by expressing their emotions in the workplace. Emotionally expressive leaders are more charismatic and are better motivators.Originality/value – This is the first paper to develop a theoretical model that describes how leaders perform emotional labor; thus t.
Initialization and Numerical Forecasting of a Supercell Storm Observed during STEPS

Abstract The feasibility of initializing a numerical cloud model with single-Doppler observations and predicting the evolution of thunderstorms has been tested using an observed case of a supercell storm during the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS). Single-Doppler observations from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) at Goodland, Kansas, are assimilated into a cloud-scale numerical model using a four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) scheme. A number of assimilation and short-range numerical prediction experiments are conducted. Both the assimilation and prediction results are compared with those of a dual-Doppler synthesis. The prediction results are also verified with reflectivity observations. It is shown that the analysis of the wind field captures the major structure of the storm as revealed by the dual-Doppler synthesis. Thermodynamical and microphysical features retrieved through the dynamical model show consistency with expectatio.
Nicotine Induces Progressive Properties of Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells by Inhibiting Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Expression and Plasma Membrane Localization

Lung cancer remains one of the most common cancer-related deaths worldwide. The cigarette smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer development. Interestingly, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator encoded by CFTR gene, an ATP-binding cassette transporter-class ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate anions across membrane of epithelial cells, has recently been suggested to play a role in the development and progression of many types of cancer. It has been well-documented that mutations of CFTR gene are the cause of cystic fibrosis, the most common fatal hereditary lung disease in Caucasian population; the function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the development of lung cancer however has not yet been established. In the present study, we aimed to interrogate the impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator on the nicotine-promoted progressive potency in lung adenocarcinoma cells by assessing capacities of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to cell migration, invasion, and clonogenicity and the expression of markers of cell proliferation and lung stem cell–related transcription factors in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The exposure of nicotine exhibited an ability to enhance progressive properties of adenocarcinoma cells including A549 cells, HCC827 cells, and PC-9 cells, alone with an inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein expression. Remarkably, an overexpression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator significantly inhibited the progressive potency of A549 cells, including capacity of cell migration and invasion and clonogenicity, along with a decreased expression of cell proliferative markers Ki67, p63, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and cancer stem cell marker CD133, stem cell pluripotency-related transcription factors octamer-binding transcription factor ¾, and sex-determining region Y-box 2, regardless of the presence of nicotine. In contrast, opposite effects were observed in A549 cells that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator was knockdown by short hairpin RNA to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. This study thus suggests that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator may play a tumor suppressor role in lung cancer cells, which may be a novel therapeutic target warranted for further investigation.
Pre-service Science and Mathematics Teachers' Thoughts about Technology

This study aims to investigate pre-service teachers' opinions about the technology. In this respect, the opinions of pre-service science and mathematics teachers were taken. The study was carried out at a university, located in the capital of Turkey. The data were collected from 20 pre-service teachers in the department of secondary school science and mathematics education. Criterion sampling was used. Interview form was developed to collect data. The results were presented in four themes: the role of technology in pre-service teacher's life, pre-service teachers' preferences about technology, pre-service teachers' technology competence, and pre-service teachers' opinions about use of technology in educational settings. It is expected that the results of the study will contribute to the revision of teacher education programs in terms of technology use and cultivate the learning environment by using technology more effectively.
Entrepreneurial Spillovers from Corporate R & D November , 2018

Theory suggests that innovative output from corporate R&D investment can cross the firm boundary to benefit other firms. Employee departures to entrepreneurship may be a powerful source of these R&D spillovers; human capital is inalienable and portable, and startups are crucial to economic growth. Using U.S. Census data, this paper documents that R&D increases employee entrepreneurship. R&D is instrumented with its tax credit-induced cost. R&D-driven startups are much more likely to receive venture capital. The ideas spilling into entrepreneurship seem to be riskier, benefiting from focused, high-powered incentives, and also appear to be poor complements to the firm’s assets. s s s s s s ∗Columbia GSB, NYU Stern. Emails: tania.babina@gsb.columbia. edu; sabrina.howell@nyu.edu. The Kauffman Foundation funded Sabrina Howell’s work on this project. We are grateful to Manuel Adelino, Julian Atanassov, Pierre Azoulay, Nick Bloom, Shai Bernstein, Patrick Bolton, Alon Brav, Wes Cohen, Ryan Decker, Will Gornall, Bronwyn Hall, Wei Jiang, Bill Kerr, Saul Lach, Josh Lerner, Brian Lucking, Song Ma, Holger Mueller, Ramana Nanda, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, Paul Oyer, Tomek Piskorski, John Van Reenen, David Robinson, David Scharfstein, Xinxin Wang, Neng Wang, and seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Board, the IMF, Duke, Toulouse School of Economics, U.S. Census Bureau, NY Fed, Drexel, and Columbia. We also thank Chris Galvan and Shirley Liu for data assistance. The research in this paper was conducted while the authors were Special Sworn researchers of the U.S. Census Bureau at the Triangle Census Research Data Center. Research results and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. This paper has been screened to ensure that no confidential data are revealed.
A study of accessory mandibular foramina in north Indian mandibles

Introduction: The surgeon who is going to perform a surgery in oral cavity e.g. a dental surgeon performing tooth extraction should be aware of accessory mandibular foramina for planning anaesthesia at an appropriate anatomical site as the branches of the facial nerve, pass through these foramina. Another applied use of morphological situation of accessory mandibular foramina may be utilized by the oncologist in planning radiation therapy infection and tumor cells following radiotherapy. Since the positions of these foramina in the mandibular bones are highly variable with the races, region, and ethnicity and if this information freely for particular region with the help of such types of studies like the present one. Thus we can increase utilization to enhance accuracy especially in the above mentioned areas of medical field. incidence of variations regarding the position and number of accessory mandibular foramina in human dry mandibles of north Indian population irrespective of gender and specific age in the light of similar studies in other globa draw significant conclusions. College and Institutes of Dental College, Bareilly, UP, were studied to find out the incidence of accessory mandibular foramina, a ma ndibular variant. present in 39.28% of mandibles. The commonest pattern of this variant was bilateral in 21.43% of mandibles. Out of these in 14.29% mandibles the variant w mandibles it was triple. In 17.86% mandibles the pattern was found to be unilateral.
Part II : Numerical simulations

We conducted high-resolution non-hydrostatic numerical simulations to study the effect of surfactants on near-surface turbulence. Laboratory experiments at the UM RSMAS ASIST facility presented in a companion paper report a reduction of turbulence below the air-sea interface and an increase of the surface drift velocity in the presence of surfactants. We implement the effect of surfactants as a rheological, viscoelastic boundary condition at the surface. Our numerical experiments are consistent with the results of the laboratory experiments. We also simulated the effect of surfactants on the temperature difference across the thermal molecular sublayer (cool skin) and on gas transfer velocity. The numerical simulations demonstrate an increase in the temperature difference across the cool skin and reduction of the gas transfer velocity in the presence of surfactant. The results also reveal the effect of surfactants on the different types of molecular sublayers (viscous, thermal and diffusion), which is important for the development of proper parameterization of the interfacial component of air-sea gas exchange under low and moderate wind speed conditions.
The Hamilton-Cartan formalism in the calculus of variations

In this paper, we give an exposition of the geometry of the calculus of variations in several variables. The main emphasis is on the Hamiltonian formalism via the use of a linear differential form studied in detail by Cartan. We present an overall survey of the subject. Many of the ideas are to be found in the books of Caratheodory [I], Cartan [2] and De Donder [3], and the papers by Hill [6], Lepage [7], Van Hove [12] and Weyl [13]. Expositions of certain aspects of our subject may be found in the books [5], [8], [9] and [11]. The main innovations in our treatment consist of the consistent use of fibered manifolds and the affine structure of jet bundles (cf. [4]), and the introduction of the Hamilton-Cartan form which makes possible an invariant treatment of the Hamiltonian formalism. In particular, the Hamiltonian as a function is not an invariant concept and depends on a trivialization of a fibered manifold. We include discussions of Noether's theorem, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and the second variation.
Free-living marine nematodes actively choose habitat when descending from the water column

Benthic organisms living in shallow high-energy areas are regularly suspended into the water column, where they dwell for longer or shorter periods before they re-enter the benthos. Marine free-living nematodes, normally the most abundant metazoans in soft sediments, lack a pelagic larval stage and are exceedingly poor swimmers. Although empirical data are lacking, nema- todes are regularly considered to settle as passive particles through the water column. We carried out an experiment to assess whether nematodes are able to choose settling spots when descending from the water column. In the laboratory, nematodes were extracted from sediment collected from a shal- low sandy bay and allowed to settle in a water column of 1 m to the bottom, which was seeded with 4 small containers containing: nothing, sediment without organic matter, sediment with added pelagic algae and sediment with added benthic algae (BA). The nematodes showed a clear prefer- ence for the BA containers, being about 7 times as abundant there than in the other treatments (p < 0.001). The nematode composition was different among treatments with 3 abundant species more or less confined to BA. The size distribution of the nematodes shows that the smallest nema- todes are also the most efficient in choosing habitat. This is in concordance with the prediction that swimming ability is coupled to nematode size and water viscosity. The results obtained show that the conception of nematodes as passive particles in the water column is not entirely valid.
Regulatory Federalism and the Distribution of Air Pollutant Emissions

Recent empirical work suggests that (i) incomes are converging through time, and (ii) income and pollution levels are linked. This paper weds these two literatures by examining the spatial and temporal distribution of pollution. After establishing that theoretical predictions about whether pollution will converge are critically linked to certain structural parameters, we explore pollution convergence using state-level data on two important pollutants-nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides-from 1929 to 1999. We find stronger evidence of converging emission rates during the federal pollution control years (1970-1999) than during the local control years (1929-1969). These results suggest that income convergence alone may not be sufficient to induce convergence of pollutant emissions.
Still Not Allowed on the Bus: It Matters If You're Black or White!

We employ a natural field experiment to study the extent and nature of racial discrimination in Queensland, Australia. Mimicking the historical case of Rosa Parks who was denied seating in a bus because she was black, an important moment for the U.S. civil rights movement, we sent trained testers who differed in ethnic appearance to bus stops asking the driver for a free ride on the basis that their bus pass was faulty (which it was). In total, we obtained 1,552 observations of testers either allowed a free ride or not, in each case recording the characteristics of the bus driver, the tester, and the circumstances. We find strong evidence of discrimination against black-skinned individuals. In the baseline scenario, white testers were accepted during 72% of the interactions versus only 36% for black testers. Indian testers were let on 51% of the time and Asian testers (mainly Chinese) were let on 73% of the time. Favors were more likely to be granted when the bus driver and tester were of the same ethnicity, and when there were fewer people in the bus. Patriotic appearance matters in that testers wearing army uniforms were accepted at a rate of 97% if they were white and 77% if they were black. Status appearance also mattered in that black testers dressed in business attire were just as likely to be favored as casually dressed white testers. When bus drivers were confronted with hypothetical baseline scenarios using photos taken of the real testers, 86% responded they would let on the black individual, more than double the actual number accepted, indicating dishonest self-reporting on this topic.
The Mid-Pleistocene Transition induced by delayed feedback and bistability

The Mid-Pleistocene Transition, the shift from 41 kyr to 100 kyr glacial-interglacial cycles that occurred roughly 1 Myr ago, is often considered as a change in internal climate dynamics. Here we revisit the model of Quaternary climate dynamics that was proposed by Saltzman and Maasch (1988). We show that it is quantitatively similar to a scalar equation for the ice dynamics only when combining the remaining components into a single delayed feedback term. The delay is the sum of the internal times scales of ocean transport and ice sheet dynamics, which is on the order of 10 kyr. We find that, in the absence of astronomical forcing, the delayed feedback leads to bistable behaviour, where stable large-amplitude oscillations of ice volume and an equilibrium coexist over a large range of values for the delay. We then apply astronomical forcing. We perform a systematic study to show how the system response depends on the forcing amplitude. We find that over a wide range of forcing amplitudes the forcing leads to a switch from small-scale oscillations of 41 kyr to large-amplitude oscillations of roughly 100 kyr without any change of other parameters. The transition in the forced model consistently occurs near the time of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition as observed in data records. This provides evidence that the MPT could have been primarily a forcing-induced switch between attractors of the internal dynamics. Small additional random disturbances make the forcing-induced transition near 800 kyr BP even more robust. We also find that the forced system forgets its initial history during the small-scale oscillations, in particular, nearby initial conditions converge prior to transitioning. In contrast to this, in the regime of large-amplitude oscillations, the oscillation phase is very sensitive to random perturbations, which has a strong effect on the timing of the deglaciation events.
IMPEDANCE-MISMATCHED HYPERLENS WITH INCREASING LAYER THICKNESSES

Structure with non-negative effective permittivities in the radial and tangential directions can also perform far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit since the dispersion curves can be long and flat enough and utilized to transfer the subwavelength information. Thus we propose an impedance-mismatched hyperlens with such a dispersion curve and increasing thicknesses (from the innermost layer to the outermost) to reduce reflection losses due to the impedance difference between the nearby layer pairs. Compared with the hyperlens with same thickness for each period, the resolution ability of the hyperlens with varying thicknesses can be improved dramatically, while the image intensity is weaker. Furthermore, the influence of the layer number on the imaging is also analyzed to improve the performance of the system and an improved hyperlens with repeated thickness setting is also utilized to increase the intensity of the magnified image.
Enzymatic Activity of Endophytic Bacterial Isolates from Selected Mangrove Plants in Kenya

Microorganisms are a preferred source of enzyme production due to their high production capability and low cost of production. Bacterial endophytes occupy unexplored sites hence they represent a new source of enzymes with diverse applications. Mangrove plants in Kenya have traditionally been used as medicinal plants due to their bioactive metabolites. However the enzymatic activity of mangrove plants associated endophytes has not been studied.The study is aimed at bioprospecting for enzymes with potential biotechnological applications from mangrove ecosystems.Forty-two bacterial isolates were cultured and isolated from the leaves and roots of six mangrove plants sampled from Mida Creek and Gazi Bay in the coastal region of Kenya. The isolates were screened for pectinases, chitinases, cellulases, proteases, and amylases. The isolates were identified based on morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis.The study showed bacterial isolates had enzymatic activity as follows; pectinases activity (69% of the isolates), Proteases (95% of the isolates), amylases activity (88% of the isolates), cellulases and chitinases (92% of the isolates each). Bacterial endophytes from leaves showed a higher enzymatic index of cellulases suggesting a potential role in degrading cellulose in the leaves of plants. The enzymes amylases and proteases were mostly exhibited by endophytes in roots suggesting a potential role in metabolizing sugar and amino acids in the roots. Isolates from the mangrove plantSonneratia albashowed highest enzymatic indices. The study also observed that isolates from mangrove plants sampled from Gazi bay had high means of enzymatic indices. Molecular identification showed the isolates were closely related toBacillus, Streptomyces, Myroides, andStaphylococcusspecies. Their respective enzymatic activities have been provided in this study.The study showed that Kenyan Mangrove plant-associated bacterial endophytes provide a good reservoir of enzymes with potential industrial applications.