Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Importance of Weed Control in Chickpea under Rainfed Condition

2 Abstract: The study was conducted to examine the response of chickpea to different production inputs including control, insecticides, fertilizer, weed control and inoculation of seed in relation to growth and grain yield at Arid Zone Research Institute (AZRI) Farm, D.I. Khan during 2007-08. All the treatments were arranged in a rand omized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. The data revealed that combined application of different inputs increased the number of branches plant , number of pods plant , 1000 grains 1 1 weight and grain yield of chickpea compared to control and other treatments. The highest grain yield of 2183 kg ha was obtained with full package (FP) showing 59.34% increase over control crop yield. This yield 1 increase remained only 7.52% when weed control was excluded from the full package. The yield (2183 kg ha ) 1 of full package (T2) was 48.20% more than the yield of 1473 kg ha obtained with treatment (T5) including all 1 inputs of full package except weed control. These results suggested that weed control improved the inputs efficiency in increasing chickpea yield under rainfed conditions.
Employees’ Empowerment, Service Quality and Customers’ Satisfaction in Hotel Industry

This study explored the relationship between employees’ empowerment, service quality and customer satisfaction among the front office staff in hotels in Benin City, Nigeria. To achieve the stated objective, questionnaires was used to collect data from respondents. Multiple regression analysis was used for the analysis of the data. Findings revealed that two dimensions of employee empowerment had a positive, and non- significant relationship with customers’ satisfaction. Regarding the strength of the relationship, the result showed that both structural and psychological dimensions had a positive, but not significant relationship. The result of the relationship between employee’s empowerment, and service quality showed a positive and significant relationship. The study further showed a positive but not significant relationship between employee’s empowerment, and customer’s satisfaction. Positive and significant relationship also exists between service quality and customer’s satisfaction. Based on these findings, the researchers suggested that authorities in charge of hotel industry in Benin City should structure their organisation to enhance intrinsic motivation of staff towards offering of quality service that could translate to customer satisfaction. Furthermore, it was suggested that emphasis on the right service culture, and organisational structure that promote meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact should be encouraged among the front office staff. Keywords: Employee empowerment, Customer’s satisfaction, Structural empowerment, Psychological empowerment.
Ex-situ Morphological and Morphometric Studies of the Testis In the West African Dwarf Buck GoatEx-situ Morphological and Morphometric Studies of the Testis In the West African Dwarf Buck Goat

This study was carried out to document ex-situ morphological and morphometric characteristics of the testis in the West African Dwarf (WAD) buck goat. For this aim, 24 post pubertal WAD buck testes were collected at the Ipata Abattoir in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. Gross morphologic results revealed that WAD testis was ellipsoidal in shape with 2 borders (free and attached), margins (medial and lateral) and similar surfaces (ventral and dorsal). The surfaces were covered by an outer tunica vaginalis and a deep tunica albuginea. Histomorphology showed the testis comprised mostly of rounded and some irregularly shaped seminiferous tubules (ST). Each ST was lined by a basement membrane and a layer of germinal epithelium with lumen filled with spermatozoa surrounded by an adluminal space. Gross morphometric results showed that there were no significant differences in the weight, length, width and height of the right and left testis. Also in the volumes of testes obtained by water displacement method and using the prolate ellipsoid formula. There was a strong correlation between the weights and volumes of testes obtained using these methods. There were significant differences between the volumes of testes obtained by using the prolate spheroid and Lambert formulae, when compared with those obtained by water displacement method respectively. But there was no significant difference in testicular volume obtained by the prolate ellipsoid formula and the water displacement method. Histomorphometric results revealed no significant differences in the seminiferous tubular diameter, seminiferous luminal diameter and germinal epithelia height of the right and left testes respectively. The morphological and morphometric data highlighted in this study would be useful in comparative regional anatomy and researches on the testis of these valuable breed of goats.
Home Bias in Open Economy Financial Macroeconomics

Home bias is a perennial feature of international capital markets. We review various explanations of this puzzling phenomenon highlighting recent developments in macroeconomic modelling that incorporate international portfolio choices in standard two-country general equilibrium models. We refer to this new literature as Open Economy Financial Macroeconomics. We focus on three broad classes of explanations: (i) hedging motives in frictionless financial markets (real exchange rate and non-tradable income risk), (ii) asset trade costs in international financial markets (such as transaction costs or differences in tax treatments between national and foreign assets), (iii) informational frictions and behavioural biases. Recent theories call for new portfolio facts beyond equity home bias. We present new evidence on crossborder asset holdings across different types of assets: equities, bonds and bank lending and new micro data on institutional holdings of equity at the fund level. These data should inform macroeconomic modelling of the open economy and a growing literature of models of delegated investment.
Acute kidney injury in patients with cerebrovascular stroke and its relationship to short-term mortality

The adverse outcome after cerebrovascular stroke (CVS) is determined not only by the neurological deficits but also by medical comorbidities including kidney dysfunction. We studied the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) with CVS and its relationship to short-term mortality. This study included 80 patients with stroke (mean age: 62.5 ± 6.2 years). Stroke severity was determined using Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS). Serum creatinine (SCr), creatinine clearance (CrCl) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) concentrations were the measured markers of AKI. Follow-up was done for 3-months or till death. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate contributors to mortality. Compared to reference group, patients had higher SCr (p 0.75 ng/ml). Mortality rate was 35%. Compared to survivors, patients who died had lower SSS, higher SCr and KIM-1 and lower CrCl (all p < 0.001). Higher SCr [Hazard ratio (HR), 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.93], KIM-1 [HR, 1.63; 95%CI, 1.21 to 2.19] and lower CrCl [HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.65] significantly predicted worse short-term survival. We conclude that AKI is a common complication of CVS. Increase in SCr, KIM-1 and decrease in CrCl concentrations are associated with worse short-term outcome with stroke.
Settlement prediction for soft ground improved by columns

A simple method of calculating the consolidation settlement of soft subsoil improved by a floating cement-stabilised column–slab system subjected to embankment loading has been proposed, and the method has been applied to three case histories in Fukuoka, Japan. The proposed method adopts the methodology of treating a part of the soil–cement column improved layer with a thickness of Hc as an unimproved layer and calculating its compression using the properties of the soft soil only. Based on coupled finite-element analysis results using a unit cell model, two bilinear functions with variables of the improvement area ratio (α) and the improvement depth ratio (β) by the columns have been proposed to determine the value of Hc. Both the proposed method and the method currently used in Japan (proposed by the Japanese Institute of Construction Engineering (JICE)) were used to calculate the settlement (compression) of the soft layers for three case histories in Fukuoka, Japan. Comparing the calculated results wit.
PATTERN OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN FEMALE CANCER PATIENTS IN A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN TELANGANA, INDIA

ABSTRACT Chemotherapy and radiation are one of the important components of treatment for many cancers. Anti-neoplastic agents are used with caution due to their high toxicity and narrow therapeutic window. Studies describing pattern of adverse drug reactions in cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy patients are less in India. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of ADR’s due to cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy in hospitalized patients and to assess the causality and severity of these reactions in Telangana state, India. This was a prospective observational study conducted in a private hospital in Telangana region from January to august. Two thousand three hundred and forty two ADR’s were recorded from 254 patients. Most common ADR’s were vomiting (10.7 %), nausea (10.7 %) and fatigue (10.7 %). Majority of the ADR’s (53.5 %) were affecting the Gastro-intestinal system. Naranjo scale for causality assessment showed 54.3 % of the reaction to be “definite”, 36.8 % to be “probable”. Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale for severity showed most reaction (84.1 %) to be of “moderate level”, while 13.3 % of reactions were of “mild level”. There is an immediate need to create awareness among health care professionals regarding the importance of the pharmacovigilance system. Use of preventive measures is to be enhanced in order to reduce the incidence and severity of ADR’s. This study showed most ADR’s are preventable with effective ADR monitoring. Keywords: Adverse drug reaction (ADR), ADR monitoring, Pharmacovigilance, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.
Who are the Outsiders and What Do They Want? Welfare State Preferences in Dualized Societies

This paper makes three contributions. First, it presents a new conceptualization and measurement of outsider-status, which is based on social class and which takes into account that the category of outsiders is composed differently in different countries, depending on labor markets and welfare states. Second, it argues theoretically and shows empirically that the class-based measure of insider-and outsider status has a stronger explanatory power with regard to individual-level welfare preferences than the measure based on labor market status. And third, it demonstrates empirically that dualization, combined with skill-levels, shapes people’s preferences with regard to different welfare policies: Outsiders have stronger preferences for redistribution and for social investment than insiders. The analyses are based on micro-level ISSP data.
Kozakia baliensis, THE NEW POTENTIAL ACITIC ACID BACTERIUM USES FOR DIHYDROXYACETONE PRODUCTION

Many species of acetic acid bacteria are able to oxidize various substrates such as carbohydrates, alcohol, sugar or sugar alcohol and accumulate their oxidation products in the culture medium. The key oxidative products by acetic acid bacteria are applied in industry such as food industry and medicine. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is one of attracting oxidation products because it can be blended in chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. DHA is used as the main active ingredient in self- tanning cream preparations and a precursor for chemical synthesis of various fine chemical compounds. Moreover, DHA is used for the treatment of vitiligo. The aims of this work were to produce and optimize the culture conditions for DHA production by growing cells and resting cells of Kozakia baliensis. When using the culture conditions for DHA production by growing cell of K. baliensis as follow; 5% inoculum, 5% glycerol, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% peptone and incubation at 30˚C with shaking at 200 rpm, then production of DHA in shaking flask between Erlenmeyer-flask and baffled-flask was compared. It was clearly shown that production of DHA under the conditions in baffled-flask better than in Erlenmeyer-flask. The yield of DHA was about 36.46 and 29.54 mg/ml at 48 h, respectively. Production of DHA at 30˚C and 37˚C by K. baliensis was investigated. It was interestingly found that K. baliensis grew at 37˚C and produced DHA with the yield of 29.12 mg/ml at 72 h. However, it was lower than that of the production at 30˚C with the yield of 36.46 mg/ml at 48 h. Furthermore, production of DHA by resting cells of K. baliensis demonstrated that glycerol concentration for biotransformation should be ranging between 0.5-6.0% (w/v). Increasing in the initial glycerol concentration at 7-10 % (w/v) led to substrate inhibition by which DHA production yield obtained was less than 50%. For resting cell conditions, DHA production at 1 g of wet cell weight in 1% glycerol solution shown to produce the highest DHA of 9.97 mg/ml at 6 h. Therefore, the production of DHA by the resting cell conditions was faster than that of growing cell conditions.
Carbon monoxide in the solar atmosphere I. Numerical method and two-dimensional models

The radiation hydrodynamic code CO5BOLD has been supplemented with the time-dependent treatment of chemical reaction networks. Advection of particle densities due to the hydrodynamic flow field is also included. The radiative transfer is treated frequency-independently, i.e. grey, so far. The upgraded code has been applied to two-dimensional simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) in the non-magnetic solar photosphere and low chromosphere. For this purpose a reaction network has been constructed, taking into account the reactions that are most important for the formation and dissociation of CO under the physical conditions of the solar atmosphere. The network has been strongly reduced to 27 reactions, involving the chemical species H, H2, C, O, CO, CH, OH and a representative metal. The resulting CO number density is highest in the cool regions of the reversed granulation pattern at mid-photospheric heights and decreases strongly above. There, the CO abundance stays close to a value of 8.3 on the usual logarithmic abundance scale with (H) = 12 but is reduced in hot shock waves which are a ubiquitous phenomenon of the model atmosphere. For comparison, the corresponding equilibrium densities have been calculated, based on the reaction network but also under the assumption of instantaneous chemical equilibrium by applying the Rybicki & Hummer (RH) code. Owing to the short chemical timescales, the assumption holds for a large fraction of the atmosphere, in particular the photosphere. In contrast, the CO number density deviates strongly from the corresponding equilibrium value in the vicinity of chromospheric shock waves. Simulations with altered reaction networks clearly show that the formation channel via hydroxide (OH) is the most important one under the conditions of the solar atmosphere.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of benthic invertebrate communities at Culbin Sands lagoon, Moray Firth, NE Scotland, and impacts of the disturbance of cockle harvesting

In the present study, Culbin Sands lagoon, a protected site in NE Scotland, was surveyed every 2 to 4 weeks during a three-year period (1994-1996) to study benthic invertebrate communities. Beds of Mytilus edulis covered 18000 m 2 . 53 macroinfaunal species were identified outside these areas. The most conspicuous were: the lugworm Arenicola marina (mean up to 55 casts m -2 ); and bivalves Cerastoderma edule (mean up to 158 ind. m -2 ) and Macoma balthica (mean up to 79 ind. m -2 ) after settlement. The standing stock ranged from 20 to 32 g AFDW m -2 yr -1 respectively from more exposed to more sheltered areas. Most species showed a clear recruitment peak in autumn, but others (e.g. Capitella capitata , and Spionidae) displayed several peaks in a year. Communities were also compared between the sampling sites before and after an incidental disturbance caused by cockle Cerastoderma edule harvesting, which took place in June 1995. One site showed –0.7% variation in the total standing stock, but +22% for smaller-cockles, as larger filter-feeding cockles were removed therefore enhancing their own larval settlement. Polychaete Spionidae populations also increased after larger cockles were removed. The polychaete Arenicola marina population returned to its normal activities just after the dramatic disturbance of the sediment.
ON THE FLOW PAST RECTANGULAR CYLINDERS: PHYSICAL ASPECTS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION

This paper concerns with unsteady incompressible flows around rectangular cylinders with side ratio varying from 1 to 10. Phenomenological aspects are discussed and numerical simulations are performed using a SIMPLEC finite volume code. A third-order QUICK scheme is employed for the advective terms in the Navier-Stokes equations, while a second-order fully implicit method is used for the time discretization. For validation purpose, preliminary simulations are carried out at Re = 300. Afterwards, the flow patterns and the wake periodic features are examined at Re = 1,000, 5,000, and 22,000, for which turbulent effects should not be neglected. In some of those cases, large-eddy simulation (LES) is employed, using the classical sub-grid Smagorinsky model. Important physical mechanisms determining vortex shedding frequency are placed in evidence. The present predictions are compared with numerical and experimental results from other works and a good agreement is reached.
Egg distribution in the large copper butterfly Lycaena dispar batavus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): Host plant versus habitat mediated effects

The large copper butterfly, Lycaena dispar batavus, a subspecies of much conservation interest, is host-specific to the great water dock, Rumex hydrolapathum, but little is known of the relationship between herbivore and host in wild populations. This study investigated the distribution of both R. hydrolapathum plants and L. d. batavus eggs in four different habitat types within the Weerribben National Park, The Netherlands, during the summer of 1993. As expected, host plant distribution strongly influenced that of its herbivore. Further, both species had significantly aggregated distributions, and that of R. hydrolapathum was in agreement with the negative binomial model. Host plant selection for oviposition showed no significant relationship with physical plant characteristics, such as plant height and the number of leaves, and at the scale studied, habitat type was of only limited influence. The possible influence of the vegetational architecture surrounding host plants is discussed.
Potassium and nitrogen poising: Physiological changes and biomass gains in rice and barley

Britto, D. T. , Balkos, K. D. , Becker, A. , Coskun, D. , Huynh, W. Q. and Kronzucker, H. J. 2014. Potassium and nitrogen poising: Physiological changes and biomass gains in rice and barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1085-1089. Soil nitrogen, potassium, and water are three of the most important factors influencing, often interdependently, the growth of plants. Maximizing plant growth is not simply a matter of maximizing the availability of these and other nutrients; indeed, excess supply can be deleterious to plant performance. Rather, optimal performance may come about by adjusting the supply of each of the disparate factors required for plant growth, not only individually, but in relation to one another. In our work investigating the nutritional maximization of plant growth, we have found that altering the ratios of N and K provided to seedlings of cereal grasses can result in very substantial increases in vegetative biomass accrual, e.g., >220% of low-K+ controls, in short-term studies with rice, the world's most important cereal grain, and even greater gains in grain yield, in the longer term. Hence, the findings in our laboratory are of direct relevance to the aim of NSERC's Green Crop Network, which was to contribute to the amelioration of climate change by improvement of carbon capture and sequestration in crop plants. In addition, these findings may help to increase the world's food supply, the security of which is sometimes at odds with proposed means to thwart climate change. Our work in this area has also led to a potential breakthrough of a more fundamental sort in plant nutritional biology, which may in itself have important practical implications: evidence that aquaporin-type transport proteins conduct rapid NH3 fluxes into roots at toxic levels of external ammonia/ammonium.
Squeezing Kappa (κ) Out of the Transportable Array: A Strategy for Using Bandlimited Data in Regions of Sparse Seismicity

The κ parameter (Anderson and Hough, 1984), and namely its site‐specific component ( κ ), is important for predicting and simulating high‐frequency ground motion. We develop a framework for estimating κ and addressing uncertainties under the challenging conditions often imposed in practice: (1) low seismicity (limited, poor‐quality, distant records); (2) limited‐bandwidth data from the Transportable Array (TA; maximum usable frequency 16 Hz); and (3) low magnitudes ( M L 1.2–3.4) and large uncertainty in stress drop (corner frequency). We cannot resolve stress drop within the bandwidth, so we propose an approach that only requires upper and lower bounds on its regional values to estimate κ . To address uncertainties, we combine three measurement approaches (acceleration spectrum slope [AS]; displacement spectrum slope [DS]; and broadband spectral fit). We also examine the effect of crustal amplification, and find that neglecting it can affect κ by up to 35%. DS estimates greatly exceed AS estimates. We propose a reason behind this bias, related to the residual effect of the corner frequency on κ AS and κ DS. For our region, we estimate a frequency‐independent mean S ‐wave Q of 900±300 at 9–16 Hz, and an ensemble mean κ over all sites of 0.033±0.014 s. This value is similar to the native κ of the Next Generation Attenuation‐West 2 ground‐motion prediction equations, indicating that these do not need to be adjusted for κ for use in southern Arizona. We find that stress‐drop values in this region may be higher compared to estimates of previous studies, possibly due to trade‐offs between stress drop and κ . For this dataset, the within‐approach uncertainty is much larger than the between‐approach uncertainty, and it cannot be reduced if the data quality is not improved. The challenges discussed here will be relevant in studies of κ for other regions with bandlimited data; for example, any region where data come primarily from the TA.