Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Do Personal Real Estate Transactions Affect Productivity and Risk Taking? Evidence From Professional Asset Managers

Housing decisions require intensive attention from households. However, the existing housing literature has not examined the potential connection between costly and time-consuming real estate purchases and the behavior and work productivity of individuals involved in the housing search and acquisition process. In addition, micro evidence on the link between home purchase decisions and the investment/risk choices of households is limited and inconclusive. Our study fills these gaps in the literature by examining the real estate acquisitions of professional asset managers. Overall, we find evidence that major purchases, such as real estate acquisitions, lead to distractions, as evidenced by reduced performance, less active trading, and increased susceptibility to behavioral biases such as the disposition effect. We also find evidence that managers tend to increase the riskiness of their professional portfolios after real estate purchases. This increase in risk is concentrated in cases of purchases of investment properties and purchases using extensive leverage, suggesting consistent risk-taking appetites across personal and professional portfolios. These findings suggest that housing transactions may shed light on the decision making, risk taking, and work productivity of a broad set of homeowners, such as asset managers, corporate executives, and even rank and file employees.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Reexamining the Nature and Magnitude of the Public Health Problem Commentary on “Evidence That Iron Deficiency Anemia Causes Reduced Work Capacity”

This commentary assesses the strength of the causal evidence presented by Haas and Brownlie in this supplement and examines the potential magnitude of iron-deficiency anemia on welfare. From both the laboratory and field experiments, the evidence is strong and suggests that the potential magnitude of the effect of iron-deficiency anemia on work productivity is substantial. This commentary briefly discusses some of the limitations of using the estimates of effects on physiological capacity for measuring the effect on the social and economic well-being of individuals and society. Biological data are relevant to social and economic development, but additional field studies may be as important as the laboratory experiments to answer questions that also affect work productivity, household maintenance and child raising activities, and hence affect social and economic development. We extend the critical evidence review of human field studies that received disproportionately less attention than the laboratory studies in Haas and Brownlie. We provide some estimates of the magnitude of effects on well-being based on how this information has been used. Future field studies that examine the effect of iron-deficiency anemia and work output in an economic sense should measure increases in productivity but should complement this information with data on wages, income or some measure of profits to derive a money metric measure of increased productivity. Additional information on individual time allocation in household work, child care and leisure may also be required to capture social benefits deriving from improved work capacity. J. Nutr. 131: 691S–696S, 2001.
Prevalence of acute mountain sickness at 3500 m within and between families: a prospective cohort study.

AIM To investigate symptoms, prevalence and associated factors of acute mountain sickness (AMS) in families upon a fast ascent to 3450 m. METHODS 87 children, 70 adolescents, and 155 parents (n=312) were assessed for AMS 8-10 and 20-24 hours after fast passive ascent by the Lake Louise Score (LLS). Pain sensitivity and oxygen saturation (SO2) were measured and familial clustering was assessed. RESULTS AMS prevalence was significantly lower in children (21%) compared to adolescents (34%) and adults (39%) on day 1 (p<0.05), but not on day 2 (18% vs. 19% and 25%). Cumulative prevalence of AMS was 30, 37, and 45% in children, adolescents, and adults, respectively (p<0.001). Familial clustering of AMS was consistent and explained 25%-50% of variability in AMS. Pain sensitivity significantly increased from low to high altitude and was higher at low altitude in those with compared to those without AMS. SO2 at high altitude was not related to the presence of AMS. CONCLUSIONS After fast ascent to 3500 m, AMS prevalence was lower in children than in adolescents and adults on day 1, but not on day 2. Thus, children may travel at least as safely to an altitude of 3500 m as adolescents and adults, even if risk factors (pain sensitivity and heredity) are present.
Regulation of dendritic cell function by insulin/IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling through klotho expression

Abstract Insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promotes the activation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling in immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells for naive T cells. Klotho, an anti-aging protein, participates in the regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling, thus the Ca2+-dependent migration is reduced in klotho-deficient DCs. The present study explored the effects of insulin/IGF-1 on DC function through klotho expression. To this end, the mouse bone marrow cells were isolated and cultured with GM-CSF to attain bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). Cells were treated with insulin or IGF-1 and followed by stimulating with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α formation was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Phagocytosis was analyzed by FITC-dextran uptake assay. The expression of klotho was determined by quantitative PCR, immunoprecipitation and western blotting. As a result, treatment of the cells with insulin/IGF-1 resulted in reducing the klotho expression as well as LPS-stimulated TNF-α release and increasing the FITC-dextran uptake but unaltering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in BMDCs. The effects were abolished by using pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/Akt with LY294002 and paralleled by transfecting DCs with klotho siRNA. In conclusion, the regulation of klotho sensitive DC function by IGF-1 or insulin is mediated through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in BMDCs.
Media Attention for Jerusalem Declaration: a Comparative Discourse Analysis on International Online Newspapers

this study examines the discourse strategies used in the news headings in representing the social actors related to the case of Donald Trump’s declaration to Jerusalem as Israel Capital. The study employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyze the representation of political social actors in the case. In addition, it also describes the linguistic realization of the strategies and the function of strategies use in representing the actors. Three international online newspapers are chosen systematically as representative media which released the news related to the case; the newspapers are: CNN News, The Guardian, and Al Jazeera. The study uses the theory of representation of social actors put forward by Theo van Leeuwen (2008). The theory involves a socio-semantic network of social actors. In the network, it is presented two main divisions, exclusion (process of omitting actors) and inclusion (process of presenting social actor(s) in a representation). The results show that there are some different techniques and discourse strategies in presenting the representation of political social actors related to the case. Thus, it can be concluded that the different representation used by each media is because of its own ideology and its believe in framing the case. Keywords— CDA, International Online Media, Jerusalem
Food insecurity, socio-economic factors and weight status in two Iranian ethnic groups

ABSTRACT Objective. To study the association of weight status with food insecurity (FI) and socio-economic status (SES) in Azeri and Kurd ethnic groups living in Urmia city, North-Western Iran. Design. In this cross-sectional study, 723 participants (427 women and 296 men) aged 20–64 years old, from two ethnic groups (445 Azeri and 278 Kurd), were selected through a combination of cluster, random and systematic sampling methods. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics were assessed by a valid questionnaire, and household food security status was analyzed using an adapted household food insecurity access scale through face-to-face interviews at homes. General and central obesities were measured and evaluated using standard methods. Results. Based on the findings, moderate-to-severe FI, as well as low SES, was more dominant in Kurds, compared to Azeris. After adjusting for confounders, being female(OR = 4.33, CI 95%: 2.35–7.97) and moderate-to-severe FI (OR = 2.00, CI 95%: 1.01–3.97) in Azeris and being female (OR = 5.39, CI 95%: 2.28–12.23) and higher total cost of household/capita (OR = 1.005, CI 95%: 1.002–1.009) in Kurds were related to higher odds of general obesity while low (OR = 0.41, CI 95%: 0.18–0.91) and moderate(OR = 0.13, CI 95%: 0.02–0.60) education levels were linked to lower chance of general obesity. Furthermore, the chance of central obesity was lower in Azeris with high educational levels (OR = 0.64, CI 95%: 0.21–0.94), females (OR = 0.72, CI 95%: 0.34–0.86), home owners (OR = 0.56, CI 95%: 0.31–0.91) and females Kurds (OR = 0.60, CI 95%: 0.37–0.97) with moderate-to-severe FI and higher total income per capita. In contrast, the chance of central obesity increased in Kurds with increased age (OR = 1.06, CI 95%: 1.02–1.10) and total cost of household per capita (OR = 1.004, CI 95%: 1.000–1.008). Conclusion. These findings show that the association between moderate-to-severe FI and risk of general/central obesity varies in Azeris, compared to Kurds. However, better SES decreased the chance of general/central obesity in both ethnic groups.
The natural rate of growth, the balance of payments constrained growth model and structural change : the case of sub-Saharan Africa

The research aims to answer questions related to the relevance of aggregate demand and the balance of payments constraint for low income countries, with specific reference to the sub-Saharan African region. We empirically test if the natural rate of growth is endogenous to the actual rate of growth. The results across different estimation techniques provide robust evidence that the natural rate of growth is endogenous to demand changes. Applying a political economy and institutionalist approach to the post-Keynesian theory, we show that the responsiveness in the natural rate of growth to demand changes is most sensitive for low income economies and negatively correlated with key institutional indicators. The above results motivate the application of a demand-led growth model. In the post-Keynesian literature, the main constraint to growth in an open economy is the balance of payments equilibrium growth rate. We therefore empirically test the latter for 22 countries for the 1960 to 2014 period. The results provide strong support that the sub-Saharan region was balance of payments constrained. In the long run growth in potential output should equal growth in demand, hence we analyse the long run relationship between the natural rate of growth and the balance of payments constrained growth rate using a 4 year average. The results show that within limits, supply adjusts to demand. The results provide further support that the main constraint to long run growth is the balance of payments equilibrium growth rate. In light of our findings, long run growth can be raised by increasing the income elasticity of demand for exports and decreasing the income elasticity of demand for imports. The respective elasticities of demand are determined by the structure of economic activity. Closer regional integration can help alleviate the demand constraint and facilitate structural transformation along Kaldorian lines for sustainable growth and development.
Clinical and bacteriological profile of community acquired pneumonia in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

BACKGROUND Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common clinical problem. The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical and bacteriological profile of CAP in Shimla. METHODS Seventy patients with community acquired pneumonia were enrolled in this study. In all the patients blood culture, sputum culture, pleural fluid culture (if available) and serological studies for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae specific IgM antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were done. RESULTS Of the 70 patients, 53 (75.6%) had an identifiable atiology with 12 patients having evidence of mixed infection. No organisms could be isolated in 17 patients inspite of using serological methods for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, invasive procedures like bronchoscopic aspirations in addition to the conventional methods like sputum culture, blood culture and pleural fluid culture. The most frequent pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 19; 35.8%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 12; 22%), Staphylococcus aureus in (n=9; 17%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 8; 15%), Escherichia Coli (n = 6; 11%), beta-haemolytic streptococci (n = 4; 7.5%) and other Gram-negative bacilli (n = 5, 9%). CONCLUSION Age smoking and under lying co-morbid conditions specially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were significantly associated with the development of CAP (p < 0.01).
Determinants of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Parathyroid Hormone Variability in Dialysis Patients

Background/Aims: Treatment strategies for abnormal mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease are largely based on achieving target ranges of biomarkers that vary considerably over time, yet determinants of their variability are poorly defined. Methods: Observational study including 162 patients of three dialysis cohorts (peritoneal dialysis, n = 78; hemodialysis, n = 49; hemodiafiltration, n = 35). Clinical and biochemical determinants of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) variability were analyzed in the peritoneal dialysis cohort. All cohorts were used for comparison of PTH and FGF23 intra-subject variability (intra-class correlation), and their intra-subject variability in different modes of dialysis was explored. Results: High PTH variability was independently associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and factors of lipid and glucose metabolism, whereas high FGF23 variability was mainly associated with lower baseline serum phosphorous. These results were consistent in multivariate and sensitivity analyses. The intra-subject variability of FGF23 was lower than for PTH irrespective of dialysis mode. Conclusions: Baseline vitamin D status and serum phosphorous are independent determinants of the longitudinal variation in PTH and FGF23, respectively. The clinical utility of FGF23 measurement remains unknown, yet it appears favorable based on its greater temporal stability than PTH in dialysis patients.
The persistence of gender inequality in leadership: Still a long way to go?

In most developed societies, women have gained considerable access to leadership roles over the last century. Since the 1999 Treaty of Amsterdam (Article 2 EC), gender equality has become one of the essential tasks of the European Community. Achieving gender balance within leadership ranks has been guided by social and ethical considerations, such as fairness and legality. More recently, research has provided evidence for the “business case” of gender diversity in leadership. Female presence in leadership roles has been found to be correlated with higher corporate performance, greater capitalization of talent, enhanced leadership, team performance and motivation, and other factors (Eagly, 2016). However, these outcomes are contingent upon particular conditions in which diversity can be leveraged to improve organizational outcomes (e.g., for a discussion, see Dawson, Kersley and Natella, 2016; Eagly, 2016; Post and Byron, 2015).
The Rationality of Tourists Consumption Expenditure Decision Making: A Sample of Tourists Visiting Jeju Island

The rationality of tourists' expenditure decision making has been a controversy in the field of tourism and behavioral economics. Using a sample of tourists visiting Jeju island, this study examined whether tourists' expenditure decision making is rational or irrational. Particularly, this study separately examined each of the three different types of the tourists' consumption expenditures: food and beverage, transportation and lodging, and cultural and entertainment. Date were conveniently collected from 150 tourists of Jeju island at a rental car shop on June 2011. In order to test the rationality of the tourists's expenditure, the respondents were asked about their expected and real expenditure on the three different types of expenditure before they rented a car and when they returned the car. Results showed that tourists consumption expenditure decision making could be characterized by both rationality and irrationality. Overall, the tourists were likely to spend their expenditure rationally. However, in terms of the entertainment & shopping items, the respondents were likely to spend their expenditure irrationally. 핵심용어(Key words) :관광객 소비지출(Tourists consumption expenditure), 의사결정 합리성(Rationality of decision making), 경제학의 합리성(Rationality of economics), 행동경제학의 비합리성(Irrationality of behavioral economics) *** 이 논문은 2011년 한국관광학회 제70차 국제관광학술대회에서 발표한 내용을 수정ᆞ보완한 것임 *** 경기대학교 대학원 여가관광개발학과 박사과정, 교신저자. e-mail: doctorj5@daum.net *** 경기대학교 관광개발학과 부교수. e-mail: dwko@kgu.ac. kr 32 관광학연구 제35권 제7호(통권 제93호)
Impact of Anticoagulation before Stroke on Stroke Severity and Long-Term Survival

Background Therapeutic anticoagulation by vitamin K antagonists is highly effective in reducing stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Vitamin K antagonist treatment before stroke reduces stroke severity and short-term mortality. Aims This study analyses vitamin K antagonists, used in patients with atrial fibrillation diagnosed before the index stroke. We also focus on the impact of preadmission anti-thrombotic medication on long-term survival. Methods We analyzed 2390 stroke patients consecutively admitted to the Department of Neurology, Charité Berlin, Germany between 2003 and 2004. Mean follow-up was 38 months (range 0–68). Using univariable and multivariable regression models, we identified factors for preadmission anticoagulation in patients with known atrial fibrillation and analyzed the impact of antithrombotic therapy preadmission on functional disability and long-term survival after stroke. Results Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 534 (22.3%) of the 2390 stroke patients. In 348 (65.2%) of all atrial fibrillation patients, atrial fibrillation was already known before the index stroke. Three hundred twenty-five (93.4%) atrial fibrillation patients were amenable to anticoagulation, according to guidelines, 75 (23.1%) received vitamin K antagonists, and 20 (6.2%) had an international normalized ratio of 2–3 at the time of stroke onset. Males and younger patients were more likely to receive anticoagulation preadmission, while previous stroke had no significant impact on vitamin K antagonist prescription. Age (odds ratio 1.02 (95% confidence interval 1.00–1.04) per year), history of coronary artery disease (odds ratio 1.51 (95% confidence interval 1.01–2.26)), and therapeutic anticoagulation (odds ratio 0.28 (0.09–0.84)) were independent predictors of stroke severity. Age (hazard rates 3.11 (95% confidence interval 1.47–6.59), 4.65 (95% confidence interval 2.27–9.57), and 11.1 (95% confidence interval 4.90–25.1) for age categories 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years), preadmission antiplatelet therapy (hazard rate 1.85 (95% confidence interval 1.21–2.82)), and stroke severity on admission (hazard rate 1.60 (95% confidence interval 1.03–2.46) and hazard rate 3.23 (95% confidence interval 1.88–5.55) for National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale categories 6–15 and >15 points) were associated with risk of death during follow-up. Conclusions In patients in which atrial fibrillation was diagnosed prior to the index stroke, about 23% received anticoagulation according to guideline recommendations. Therapeutic anticoagulation at stroke onset significantly decreased the risk of moderate to severe stroke on admission but showed no significant association with long-term survival.
Low-tie IMA and selective D3 lymph node sampling in laparoscopic rectal resection for carcinoma rectum: comparison of surgical and oncological outcomes with the open technique.

Background Level of proximal lymphovascular ligation remains controversial in carcinoma rectum. High-tie inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) claims better lymph node clearance; low-tie IMA minimizes autonomic nerve injury (ANI) and ensures vascularity to anastomosis. Objective of this study is to compare postsurgical complications and oncological clearance in laparoscopic rectal resection (LRR) and open rectal resection (ORR) for carcinoma rectum, with low-tie IMA and selective D3 lymphadenectomy. Methods Retrospective analysis was done comparing LRR and ORR done with low-tie IMA for carcinoma rectum/rectosigmoid for significant differences (P<0.05) regarding postsurgical complications and histopathology parameters. Results A total of 118 patients; 48 in LRR group and 70 in ORR group were studied. They were comparable in age, site of lesion and clinical TNM (cTNM) stage. Comorbidities and symptoms requiring upfront surgery were more among ORR. 75% LRR and 55.3% ORR had neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT). Duration of surgery was longer in LRR. Clavien-Dindo grade >3 was similar in two groups. Histopathology characteristics were also comparable; including specimen length, lymph node yield, length of distal margin and pathologic TNM (pTNM) stage. Selective D3 lymphadenectomy was done in 37.5% LRR and 37.14% ORR. And 4.16% in LRR and 4.28% in ORR were had positive IMA root lymph nodes. Conclusions The post-surgical complications and oncological clearance of LRR done with low-tie IMA and selective D3 lymphadenectomy were found equivalent to ORR. Low-tie IMA without routine splenic flexure mobilisation had no technical issues regarding the anastomosis.
Neisserial Immunoglobulin A1 Protease Induces Specific T-Cell Responses in Humans

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease, an exoenzyme of pathogenic neisseriae, can trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines from human monocytic subpopulations. Here, we demonstrate a dose-dependent T-cell response to recombinant gonococcal IgA1 protease (strain MS11) in healthy human blood donors. This response was delayed in comparison to the immune response against tetanus toxoid. Stimulation with IgA1 protease led to the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as CD19+ B cells and CD56+ NK cells, indicated by de novo expression of CD69. Only CD4+ T cells proliferated and stained positive for intracellular gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Both proliferation and IFN-γ production were dependent on antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex class II. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with IgA1 protease produce IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor alpha but no, or very low amounts of, interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-4, indicating a Th1-based proinflammatory immune response. These findings support the significance of IgA1 protease as a virulence determinant of bacterial meningitis and its function as a dominant proinflammatory T-cell antigen.