Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of prominence for disposition effect: a systematic review

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the disposition effect that is exhibited by the investors through the review of research articles in the area of behavioral finance. When the investors are hesitant to realize the losses and quick to realize the gains, this phenomenon is known as the disposition effect. This paper explains various theories, which have been evolved over the years that has explained the phenomenon of disposition effect. It includes the behavior of individual investors, institutional investors and mutual fund managers. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used the existing literatures from the various authors, who have studied the disposition effect in either real market or the experimental market. This paper includes literature over a period of 40 years, that is, Dyl, 1977, in the form of tax loss selling, to the most recent paper, Surya et al. (2017). Some authors have used the PGR-PLR ratio for calculating the disposition effect in their study. However, some authors have used t-test, ANNOVA, Correlation coefficient, Standard deviation, Regression, etc., as a tool to find the presence of disposition effect. Findings The effect of disposition can be changed for different types of individual investors, institutional investors and mutual funds. The individual investors are largely prone to the disposition effect and the demographic variables like age, gender, experience, investor sophistication also impact the occurrence of the disposition effect. On the other side, the institutional investors and mutual funds managers may or may not be affected by the disposition effect. Practical implications The skilled understanding of the disposition effect will help the investors, financial institutions and policy-makers to reduce the adverse effect of this bias in the stock market. This paper contributes a detailed explanation of disposition effect and its impacts on the investors. The study of disposition effect has been found to be insufficient in the context of Indian capital market. Social implications The investors and society at large can gains insights about causes and influences of disposition effect which will be helpful to create sound investment decisions. Originality/value This paper has complied the 11 causes for the occurrence of disposition effect that are found by the different authors. The paper also highlights the impact of the disposition effect in the decision-making of various investors.
Comparative behavior studies of growing dairy and beef bulls from two different breeds

This study aimed at comparing the behaviour of growing bulls from two different breeds – Lithuanian black and white (dairy cattle breed, n=22) and Aubrac (beef cattle breed, n=17). The hypothesis tested in this study was that breed differences would result in differences in the behaviour of the bulls and that a clear understanding of such differences could lead to improved husbandry to meet their needs. Animals were raised in insulated barn in pens with deep litter, both breeds under similar conditions (animals were 11 to 14 month old, each group in separate 100 m2 pen). Aubrac bulls spent more time in standing, ruminating, drinking and aggressive behaviour and less time in eating than the Lithuanian black and white bulls. There were no significant differences in lying and moving behaviour. These differences possibly related to different breed of animals, and should inform decision making about the management of the two breeds studied.
Accurate Gastric Cancer Segmentation in Digital Pathology Images Using Deformable Convolution and Multi-Scale Embedding Networks

Automatic gastric cancer segmentation is a challenging problem in digital pathology image analysis. Accurate segmentation of gastric cancer regions can efficiently facilitate clinical diagnosis and pathological research. Technically, this problem suffers from various sizes, vague boundaries, and the non-rigid characters of cancerous regions. For addressing these challenges, we use a deep learning based method and integrate several customized modules. Structurally, we replace the basic form of convolution with deformable and Atrous convolutions in specific layers, for adapting to the non-rigid characters and larger receptive field. We take advantage of the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling module and encoder-decoder based semantic-level embedding networks for multi-scale segmentation. In addition, we propose a lightweight decoder to fuse the contexture information, and utilize the dense upsampling convolution for boundary refinement at the end of the decoder. Experimentally, sufficient comparative experiments are enforced on our own gastric cancer segmentation dataset, which is delicately annotated to pixel-level by medical specialists. The quantitative comparisons against several prior methods demonstrate the superiority of our approach. We achieve 91.60% for pixel-level accuracy and 82.65% for mean Intersection over Union.
STABILIZATION OF VARIABLE BIT RATE VIDEO STREAMS USING LINEAR LYAPUNOV FUNCTIONS ON WIRELESS MOBILE NETWORK

Streaming videos over wireless networks suffers from low video quality due to network ability limitations. The quality of the channel and the characteristics of source play the major role in transmitting video stream over mobile environments. On failure of wireless video transmission, retransmission method was employed to improve the reliability of wireless link. However, retransmission of video leads to significant impact on energy consumption and bounded average waiting time is also increased. The longer waiting time on retransmission results in buffer starvation. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the variable bit rate of transmitted video signal and increase the stability level when buffer starvation is occurs. In order to overcome such limitation, a technique named Response based Stabilization Analysis (RSA) using Distributed Optimality Bit Rate Allocation (RSA-DOBRA) is proposed in this paper. Initially, video stream is segregated into frames of different classes (i.e., size). Each frame is transmitted based on the variable bit rate response using Optimal Quantization process. Secondly, Linear Lyapunov Functions is employed with RSA to prove the stability of different bit rates on wireless video streaming. The application of Linear Lyapunov Function maintains the stability level of bit rate on different class of frame transmission on wireless link. Finally, Distributed Optimality Bit Rate Allocation uses the time slicing procedure to reduce the bounded average waiting time. RSA performs the time slicing based on multiplexed wireless video transmission on variable bit rate to avoid buffer starvation. RSA at the final stage reduces the energy consumption by improving the reliability of wireless link. Experiment is conducted on factors such as buffered starvation rate, waiting time on video frame transmission, and energy consumption rate.
Multichannel preamble sampling MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

In this article, a multichannel preamble sampling MAC protocol, MCPS, especially tailored for wireless sensor networks, is proposed and thoroughly evaluated. MCPS is a low-power MAC protocol operating on multichannel using carrier sensing for collision avoidance. Specifically, MCPS exploits all the non-overlapping channels provided by IEEE 802.15. 4 physical layer. Basically, MCPS uses one dedicated common control channel to wake up an intended receiver using a preamble sampling technique. However, data transmission takes place in a dedicated data channel. Indeed, MCPS allocates to every pair of sensor nodes a unique data channel that aims at being 2-hop conflict free. Hence, the probability of collision is highly reduced and even completely mitigated in some scenarios. Moreover, MCPS allows each sensor node to dynamically adjust its transmission power when sending strobed preamble or periodically generated data. Indeed, for each possible distance separating a pair of communicating nodes, MCPS adapts the appropriate transmission power and selects the appropriate data channel. Using multiple channels, MCPS allows multiple simultaneous data communications along with handshaking on the common control channel, hence reducing the end-to-end delay and improving the throughput while being energy efficient. MCPS has been implemented using OMNET++ simulator under INET framework, on top of the IEEE 802.15. 4 physical layer, which was improved to support the multichannel communication. The authors compare the performance of MCPS with McMAC and X-MAC. Simulation results show that MCPS greatly improves the network performance especially in terms of throughput, waiting time, end-to-end delay, and energy per bit.
The identification and analysis of factors perceived as important to the success of interactive distance education

The purpose of this study was to provide distance education instructors, who teach over a two-way audio and two-way video interactive system, a list of strategies or skills that could be applied in the distance education environment to help ensure success. Further, differences in perceptions among users of the system regarding importance of these strategies were identified. A Delphi study was done, utilizing a professional panel, to establish important strategies for distance education. The results of the Delphi study resulted in the identification of 99 important items. These items were placed in a survey which was administered to four groups of users of the Iowa Communications Network to determine perceptions concerning importance of these items. The validated survey was administered to the four groups made up of a 9 member professional panel, 20 community college faculty members and 247 of their students (93 students at origination sites and 154 students at receive sites). Two non-parametric tests were utilized to identify significant differences in perceptions of importance on the items in the survey. The results of the statistical analysis of the Kruskal-Wallace H Test indicated that, in 89 of the items, there were no significant differences found at <. 05 level. A second test, the Mann-Whitney U Test, was conducted on those 10 items with significant differences. R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. There was considerable agreement between the participants as to importance level of the strategies for successful distance education. The faculty and professional panel recorded the least differences in both tests indicating close professional agreement. The largest number of significant differences were found between the students at the origination sites and each of the other groups. R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. CHAPTER
Profil kemandirian belajar mahasiswa bimbingan dan konseling

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kemandirian belajar mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling. Profil kemandirian belajar mahasiswa dilihat berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, dan aspek kemandirian belajar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis pendekatan survei. Sampel penelitian sejumlah 248 mahasiswa program studi Bimbingan dan Konseling, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Teknik penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, yaitu skala kemandirian belajar. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemandirian belajar mahasiswa sebagian besar berada pada kategori sedang sejumlah 209 mahasiswa (84,3%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan usia, sebagian besar tingkat kemandirian mahasiswa berada pada kategori sedang. Berdasarkan aspek kemandirian belajar, ditemukan bahwa aspek motivasi dalam belajar merupakan aspek tertinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 731, aspek yang kedua adalah aspek perilaku dalam belajar dengan nilai rata-rata 689 dan aspek yang ketiga adalah aspek pemahaman belajar dengan nilai rata-rata 680. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi agar kemandirian belajar mahasiswa dapat dioptimalkan dengan peningkatan strategi regulasi belajar dan dukungan dari pihak perguruan tinggi.
Ray Achene Polymorphism and Germination in Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus)

Ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L. #3 PTNHY) growing at six localities between 28°46′N and 13°O'N latitudes in India produced polymorphic ray achenes that varied in size and weight. Frequency of small achenes (1.9 to 2.2 mm) was higher at lower latitude (13°O'N) and that of large achenes (2.5 to 2.8 mm) at higher latitude (28°46′N). Achene weight was positively correlated with its germination percentage. Large-heavy achenes showed better germination than small-light ones.
Chromosomal Evolution a N D T H E M O D E O F Speciation I N T H R E E Species O F Peromysclts

The possibility that the Peromyscus maniculatus complex of deer mice arose via the process described as "centrifugal speciation" (Brown, 1957) has been discussed by Bowers et a l . , 1973, Lawlor, 1974, Baker et al., 1975, and Greenbaum et a l . , 1978. This study was designed to yield additional da ta on the cytogenetics of three species of this complex in order to evaluate the "centrifugal speciation" model as a viable explanation of the evolutionary origin of the complex. Peromyscus melanotis and P . polionotus are believed to be peripheral isolates from the stock that evolved into the species P. maniculatus (Blair, 1950, Bowers et al., 1973). P. maniculatus is a widespread species occurring in a variety of habitats, whereas P , melanotis is a high montane s ~ e c i e s found in coniferous forest and P , polionotus is a deep sand species found in grassy fields a t lower elevations near sea level (see Hooper, 1968, for general distribution of these three species). I t is probable that P. melanotis and P. polionotus are more closely related to P. maniculatus than they are to each other. Based on gross chromosome morphology, the karyotypes of P. polionotus and P. melanotis are more like each other than either is like the karyotypes of P. nzaniculatus. We have examined the G-banding and C-banding pattern of P . polionotus a n d compared i t to the banding patterns of P. maniculatus and P . melanotis (Greenbaum et al., 1978) to determine whether this similarity in karyotype is reflected in homologous banding patterns or is a product of convergent evolution. If the chromosomal data for the species complex are to fit the centrifugal speciation model then the karyotypes of P. polionotus and P. nzelanotis must be most like the primitive condition and the karyotype of P. maniculatus must be the most derived. Additionally, the centrifugal speciation model would predict more chromosomal polymorphism a n d geographic variation in the "central stock" (P. maniculatus) and less in the peripheral isolates (P, polionotus and P , melanotis). Our study is designed to determine the chromosomal homologies in these species and thereby test the hypothesis that this group is the result of centrifugal speciation.
Prediction of delivery type based on the theory of planned behaviors

Nowadays, the rate of cesarean section has surpassed the rate recommended by World Health Organization. One of the reasons for this increase is women’s request for cesarean section. Objective: Given the increase in cesarean section rates as a health problem in Iran and its effects on maternal mortality, this study aimed to predict the type of delivery based on the theory of planned behavior. Method: This cross-sectional study recruited 200 pregnant women presenting to rural health centers of Urmia using random cluster sampling in 2014. The data collection tool was a questionnaire containing constructs of the theory of planned behavior, including knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms and behavioral intention. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using paired t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Women’s mean age was 27.94.8 years, 68.5% of mothers stated that they intended to have normal delivery and 31.5% were inclined to cesarean section. Significant relationships were observed between the delivery choice and education level P, trimester of pregnancy P , conception type (wanted, unwanted) P , history of abortions and previous stillbirths P  and type of previous delivery P . Among the constructs of the theory of planned behavior, subjective norms was the most effective (P < 0.0001), and attitude was the least important factor in predicting the type of delivery (P = 0.01). Conclusion: It is recommended that intervention programs based on constructs of the theory of planed behavior be implemented with emphasis on subjective norms to help pregnant women choose natural delivery
EXPRESSION OF CAREER SELF-EFFICACY OF STUDENTS ENROLLED IN UNIVERSITY PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS STUDY PROGRAMMES

Research background and hypothesis. An assumption that the fourth-year students of university physical education and sports study programmes have greater career self-efficacy than the first-year students is made in the article. Research aim was to reveal peculiarities of the expression of the career self-efficacy of the students enrolled in university physical education and sports study programmes. Research methods. The random sample size consisted of 278 first and fourth-year full time students of physical education and sports study programmes from Lithuanian Sports University and Šiauliai University. Two methods were used to carry out the survey: Career Self-Efficacy Sources Scale (CSESS) and Career Decision-Making SelfEfficacy Scale-Short Form (CDMSE-SF). Research results. The research showed that there was a statistically significant difference (t (276) = –1.96; p < 0.05) between the first and fourth-year students of university physical education and sports study programmes in respect of the level of career self-efficacy. The fourth-year students were able to make a better use of occupational information (4.08 ± 0.54) than the first-year students (3.95 ± 0.56). It was determined that indicators of goal selection and career planning were higher (p < 0.05) in the case of the fourth-year students than in the case of the first-year students. Discussion and conclusions. It was determined that, in comparison with the first-year students, the career selfefficacy of the fourth-year students of university physical education and sports study programmes was more based (p < 0.05) on the following sources: vicarious experience, verbal persuasion and performance accomplishments. Comparison of the levels of career self-efficacy of the first and fourth-year students of university physical education and sports study programmes revealed that the fourth-year students had greater career self-efficacy (p < 0.05) and that indicators of the components of their career self-efficacy – occupational information, goal selection and career planning were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the first-year students.
Elevation as a category of grammar: Sanzhi Dargwa and beyond

Abstract Nakh-Daghestanian languages have encountered growing interest from typologists and linguists from other subdiscplines, and more and more languages from the Nakh-Daghestanian language family are being studied. This paper provides a grammatical overview of the hitherto undescribed Sanzhi Dargwa language, followed by a detailed analysis of the grammaticalized expression of spatial elevation in Sanzhi. Spatial elevation, a topic that has not received substantial attention in Caucasian linguistics, manifests itself across different parts of speech in Sanzhi Dargwa and related languages. In Sanzhi, elevation is a deictic category in partial opposition with participant-oriented deixis/horizontally-oriented directional deixis. This paper treats the spatial uses of demonstratives, spatial preverbs and spatial cases that express elevation as well as the semantic extension of this spatial category into other, non-spatial domains. It further compares the Sanzhi data to other Caucasian and non-Caucasian languages and makes suggestions for investigating elevation as a subcategory within a broader category of topographical deixis.
Revision of Phymatolithon purpureum (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta) based on ultrastructural and molecular data

ABSTRACT To elucidate the taxonomy and phylogeny of Phymatolithon purpureum (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Woelkerling & L.M. Irvine, we observed the type specimens and fresh samples using SEM (ultra-morphology) and analysed DNA sequences. Phymatolithon purpureum was originally described as Lithothamnion purpureum P. Crouan & H. Crouan from Mingant, Brittany, France. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses using psbA and COI–5P regions placed our collections from Ireland, UK and France in a clade with ‘P. borealis W.H. Adey, J.J. Hernandez-Kantun & P.W. Gabrielson (MH252286)’ from Iceland and ‘uncultured Corallinales (GQ917711 and GQ917512)’ from Roscoff, Brittany, France, near the type locality of P. purpureum. We show that P. purpureum is conspecific with P. borealis and P. polymorphum f. papillatum (Foslie) Foslie based on morphology and molecular data. Also, although P. purpureum has been often confused with P. laevigatum (Foslie) Foslie because of their similar morphology (e.g. smooth surface and sunken tetra/bisporangial conceptacles), our molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that P. purpureum and P. laevigatum are sister taxa. Our sequences from lectotype material of P. laevigatum and syntype material of Lithothamnion emboloides Heydrich are identical.
Spreading of Alternatives Without a Perception of Choice

Choosing something improves a person’s attitude toward it, a classic example of behavior affecting attitudes. Three studies re-examine the causal role of behavior in this “post-choice spreading of alternatives” phenomenon, demonstrating that neither the behavior of choosing nor the self-perception of having made a choice is required for it to occur. A rationalization process similar to the one that follows from actively choosing can occur whenever someone merely accepts an outcome as a true state of affairs. When a person accepts an externally assigned outcome, the negative features of that outcome no longer seem as important, allowing attitudes to improve. People normally accept outcomes they have personally chosen, but they may also accept outcomes they neither chose nor could reject. Thus, we question the causal role of behavior in a classic phenomenon. This finding contradicts explanations for post-choice spreading based on self-perception theory, where people learn their attitudes from their own voluntary behaviors. Though future work would be needed to confirm, we also discuss potential implications for cognitive dissonance theory, suggesting that agency over choice may not be prerequisite for dissonance, as previously believed. Relaxing this prerequisite expands the scope of phenomena to which dissonance theory could potentially apply.