Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Leadership and Innovation in Ecotourism Services Activity in Candirejo Village, Borobudur, Central Java, Indonesia

This paper is aimed to study the roles of leadership and innovation in the development of local people based ecotourism services. The survey is conducted in Candirejo village, Borobudur District, Magelang Regency. The study of a descriptive approach is employed to identify people's behavior in ecotourism services. The results showed that ecotourism services have developed and provided benefits to the people. The roles of leadership and innovation interact positively with a cooperative to organize an ecotourism services management. The leadership is able to identify substances, to do the vision and missions of environmental and cultural conservation. The innovation provides alternative development efforts and increases the added value of ecotourism. The cooperative management was able to support a process to realize the goals of ecotourism, to build participation and communication, and to perform organizational learning. The phenomenon of the leadership in the Candirejo ecotourism enriches the studies of the ecotourism management. During this time, the ecotourism management is always associated with the standard management of national park. The ecotourism management of Candirejo is considered successful even outside the national park management. Keywords—Borobudur, Candirejo, ecotourism, inovation, Leadership.
Hyperkinetic Syndrome and Disruptive Early Experiences

Five children aged 8–10 years presenting to child psychiatric clinics with hyperkinetic syndrome and severe disruptive early experiences are described. At referral all had been living in stable families for a minimum of four years. Biological risk factors were absent. It is proposed that the disruption of early attachments resulted in ill-regulated search and exploratory behaviour and that this had a continuing effect on the children's ability to focus and control attention skills and motor behaviour.
Physicochemical interaction of Escherichia coli cell envelopes and Bacillus subtilis cell walls with two clays and ability of the composite to immobilize heavy metals from solution

Isolated Escherichia coli K-12 cell envelopes or Bacillus subtilis 168 cell walls were reacted with smectite or kaolinite clay in distilled deionized water (pH 6.0); unbound envelopes or walls were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and the extent of adsorption was calculated. At saturation, both clays adsorbed approximately 1.0 mg (dry weight) of envelopes or walls per mg (dry weight) of clay. Clays showed a preference for edge-on orientation with both walls and envelopes, which was indicative of an aluminum polynuclear bridging mechanism between the wall or envelope surface and the clay edge. The addition of heavy metals increased the incidence of planar surface orientations, which suggested that multivalent metal cation bridging was coming into play and was of increasing importance. The metal-binding capacity of isolated envelopes, walls, clays, and envelope-clay or wall-clay mixtures was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy after exposure to aqueous 5.0 mM Ag+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cr3+ nitrate salt solutions at pHs determined by the buffering capacity of wall, envelope, clay, or composite system. The order of metal uptake was walls greater than envelopes greater than smectite clay greater than kaolinite clay for the individual components, and walls plus smectite greater than walls plus kaolinite greater than envelopes plus smectite greater than envelopes plus kaolinite for the mixtures. On a dry-weight basis, the envelope-clay and wall-clay mixtures bound 20 to 90% less metal than equal amounts of the individual components did. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improving the tolerance of a protein a analogue to repeated alkaline exposures using a bypass mutagenesis approach

Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) is a cell surface protein expressed by Staphylococcus aureus. It consists of five repetitive domains. The five SPA‐domains show individual interaction to the Fc‐fragment as well as certain Fab‐fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from most mammalian species. Due to the high affinity and selectivity of SPA, it has a widespread use as an affinity ligand for capture and purification of antibodies. One of the problems with proteinaceous affinity ligands in large‐scale purification is their sensitivity to alkaline conditions. SPA however, is considered relatively stable to alkaline treatment. Nevertheless, it is desirable to further improve the stability in order to enable an SPA‐based affinity medium to withstand even longer exposure to the harsh conditions associated with cleaning‐in‐place (CIP) procedures. For this purpose, a protein engineering strategy, which was used earlier for stabilization and consists of replacing the asparagine residues, is employed. Since Z in its “nonengineered” form already has a significant tolerance to alkaline treatment, small changes in stability due to the mutations are difficult to assess. Hence, in order to enable detection of improvements regarding the alkaline resistance of the Z domain, we chose to use a bypass mutagenesis strategy using a mutated variant Z(F30A) as a surrogate framework. Z(F30A) has earlier been shown to possess an affinity to IgG that is similar to the wild‐type but also demonstrates decreased structural stability. Since the contribution of the different asparagine residues to the deactivation rate of a ligand is dependent on the environment and also the structural flexibility of the particular region, it is important to consider all sensitive amino acids one by one. The parental Z‐domain contains eight asparagine residues, each with a different impact on the alkaline stability of the domain. By exchanging asparagine 23 for a threonine, we were able to increase the stability of the Z(F30A) domain in alkaline conditions. Also, when grafting the N23T mutation to the Z scaffold, we were able to detect an increased tolerance to alkaline treatment compared to the native Z molecule. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning , purification , and identification of the liver canalicular ecto-ATPase as NTPDase 8

Michel Fausther,* Joanna Lecka,* Filip Kukulski, Sébastien A. Lévesque, Julie Pelletier, Herbert Zimmermann, Jonathan A. Dranoff, and Jean Sévigny Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Biocenter, J. W. Goethe-University, AK Neurochemistry, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; and Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
Primary epithelial tumours of the appendix in a black population: a review of cases.

AIM To determine the prevalence, histologic types and clinical features of primary epithelial tumours of the vermiform appendix in a predominantly black population. METHODS All cases of primary tumours of the appendix identified by review of the histopathology records at the University of the West Indies between January 1987 and June 2007 were selected. Relevant pathologic and clinical data were extracted with supplementation from patient charts where available. Non-epithelial tumours were excluded. The total number of appendectomy specimens over the period was also ascertained. RESULTS Forty-two primary epithelial tumours were identified out of 6,824 appendectomies yielding a prevalence rate of approximately 0.62%. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine cell tumours (carcinoids, 47.6%) and benign non-endocrine cell tumours (adenomas, 45.2%) were most common with nearly equal frequency. The median age was 43 years, with no sex predilection. Carcinoid tumours occurred in younger patients (mean age 32 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. A clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis was the most common reason for appendectomy (57.1%) and was histologically confirmed in 75% (18 of 24) of cases. In total, 16.7% of cases were diagnosed after incidental appendectomy. CONCLUSION Appendiceal epithelial tumours are rare in our experience, and are represented principally by carcinoid tumours and adenomas. Carcinoid tumours occurred in younger patients but were slightly more common in men than women. Tumours were not suspected clinically and were diagnosed incidentally in specimens submitted for acute appendicitis supporting the need for histological evaluation in all resection specimens.
Founding Family Control and Capital Structure: The Risk of Loss of Control and the Aversion to Debt

This paper tests the hypothesis that Founding Family Controlled Firms (FFCFs) are more averse to control risk than similar non-FFCFs and therefore avoid debt. Higher levels of debt increase the likelihood of bankruptcy and the level of control risk. We show that FFCFs use less debt; their choice of debt is more sensitive to conditions associated with control risk; and that leverage is not significantly related to managerial ownership in non-FFCFs, indicating that founding family control, not managerial ownership, matters in determining leverage.
Vascular Biology, Atherosclerosis and Endothelium Biology Anthrax Lethal Toxin Induces Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction

Hemorrhage and pleural effusion are prominent pathological features of systemic anthrax infection. We examined the effect of anthrax lethal toxin (LT), a major virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis , on the barrier function of primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells. We also examined the distribution patterns of cytoskeletal actin and vascular endo-thelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin), both of which are involved in barrier function regulation. Endothelial monolayers cultured on porous membrane inserts were treated with the LT components lethal factor (LF) and protective antigen (PA) individually, or in combination. LT induced a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance that correlated with increased permeability to fluorescently labeled albumin. LT also produced a marked increase in central actin stress fibers and significantly altered VE-cadherin distribution as re-vealed by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell surface enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with LF, PA, or the combination of an inactive LF mutant and PA did not alter barrier function or the distribution of actin or VE-cadherin. LT-induced barrier dysfunction was not dependent on endothelial apoptosis or necrosis. The present findings support a possible role for LT-induced barrier dysfunction in the vascular permeability changes accompanying systemic anthrax infection. (Am J Pathol 2005, 166:1871–1881)
Retina development in zebrafish requires the heparan sulfate proteoglycan agrin

Recent studies from our laboratory have begun to elucidate the role of agrin in zebrafish development. One agrin morphant phenotype that results from agrin knockdown is microphthalmia (reduced eye size). To begin to understand the mechanisms underlying the role of agrin in eye development, we have analyzed retina development in agrin morphants. Retinal differentiation is impaired in agrin morphants, with retinal lamination being disrupted following agrin morpholino treatment. Pax 6.1 and Mbx1 gene expression, markers of eye development, are markedly reduced in agrin morphants. Formation of the optic fiber layer of the zebrafish retina is also impaired, exhibited as both reduced size of the optic fiber layer, and disruption of retinal ganglion cell axon growth to the optic tectum. The retinotectal topographic projection to the optic tectum is perturbed in agrin morphants in association with a marked loss of heparan sulfate expression in the retinotectal pathway, with this phenotype resembling retinotectal phenotypes observed in mutant zebrafish lacking enzymes for heparan sulfate synthesis. Treatment of agrin morphants with a fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) receptor inhibitor, rescue of the retinal lamination phenotype by transplantation of Fgf8‐coated beads, and disruption of both the expression of Fgf‐dependent genes and activation of ERK in agrin morphants provides evidence that agrin modulation of Fgf function contributes to retina development. Collectively, these agrin morphant phenotypes provide support for a crucial role of agrin in retina development and formation of an ordered retinotectal topographic map in the optic tectum of zebrafish. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
The Alteration of QT Dispersion in Hemodialysis Subjects

Objective: We attempted to observe the alterations in QTd and QTcd in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients before and after hemodialysis (HD) to determine the relevant determinants of QTc duration in HD. Methods: The HD was carried out 2 or 3 times/week in a standard setting for 4–4.5 h. No drug therapy was applied during HD, except for isotonic NaCl infusions and sodium heparin. Maintenance drug therapy, including digitalis, antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and β-blocking agents, was not changed. In the study, we investigated the alterations in QTd and QTcd in 68 CRF patients before and after HD with 12-lead ECG. Plasma Na+, K+, ionized Ca, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and hemoglobin were also controlled before and after HD. Results: In our study QTd and QTcd significantly increased at the end of HD (p < 0.01). Plasma Na+ and K+ decreased, and ionized Ca increased after HD (p < 0.05, 0.01). Plasma Na+, K+, ionized Ca levels, ultrafiltration volume and myocardial ischemia appear to be the main determinants of QTc duration in HD, not hypertension, gender, patient age, or duration of chronic HD. Conclusion: Changes in plasma Na+, K+ and ionized Ca, the ultrafiltration volume and presence of ischemic heart disease in HD have significant effects on QTcd. ECG data demonstrate that the risk of arrhythmia could be higher with decreased plasma Na+ and K+, increased ionized Ca, the presence of ischemic heart disease and an increased ultrafiltration rate during HD. These results might provide some valuable references for proper HD programs.
The Intrinsic Appeal of Evil: Sadism, Sensational Thrills, and Threatened Egotism

Three main sources of intrinsic appeal and satisfaction from performing violent acts are described. First, sadism involves deriving pleasure directly from the suffering of the victim. An opponent-process model is suggested. Second, the quest for thrilling sensations to escapefrom boredom can produce violent acts, including many in which the harmful consequences were not intended. Third, threatened egotism entails that one 's favorable view of self (or public image) has been attacked, and violent responses are directed toward the source of this attack. Relevant individual differences (respectively, low guilt, high sensation seeking, and narcissism) moderate these patterns. Analyzing the intrinsic appeal of evil acts is a useful complement to analyzing situational determinants of violence.
Psychological stress and rheumatoid arthritis in parents after death of a child: a national follow‐up study

Objective: To examine the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in parents after the death of a child. Methods: All 21 062 parents whose child had died (younger than 18 years) between 1980 and 1996 in Denmark were included in the bereaved (exposed) cohort, and 293 745 parents matched on family structure were selected randomly from the general population for the unexposed cohort. Results: We observed 600 incident RA cases during the follow‐up (35 in the exposed cohort, 565 in the unexposed cohort). The relative risk (RR) of first hospitalisation for RA was 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–1.24]. The RR was close to 1 throughout the 18 years of follow‐up. Conclusion: Our findings do not support an association between severe psychological stress and RA.
Evaluation of cervical cone biopsies for coexpression of p16INK4a and Ki‐67 in epithelial cells

Diffuse overexpression of p16INK4a in basal and parabasal cells of cervical epithelium is a hallmark of human papillomavirus‐mediated transformation. Focal p16INK4a expression is occasionally observed in nondysplastic epithelium. In normal cells, expression of p16INK4a triggers cell cycle arrest. However, cells undergoing transformation in intraepithelial lesions actively proliferate. To prove that the different expression patterns of p16INK4a, i.e., focal versus diffuse, reflect biologically different entities, we hypothesized that p16INK4a‐positive cells in epithelia displaying focal p16INK4a expression pattern do not coexpress proliferation‐associated Ki‐67 protein, while p16INK4a‐positive cells in lesions with diffuse p16INK4a expression may do. A total of 138 cervical cone biopsies were stained for the expression of p16INK4a and Ki‐67 using a primary antibody cocktail. All metaplastic lesions (n = 21) displayed focal staining for p16INK4a, and in all of these lesions p16INK4a‐positive cells were found to be negative for Ki‐67 expression. Diffuse expression of p16INK4a was observed in 12/21 (57.1%) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 lesions, all of them simultaneously showed Ki‐67 immunoreactivity in a large proportion of p16INK4a‐positive cells. Seventeen of 23 (73.9%) CIN2 lesions and all 27 (100%) CIN3/carcinoma in situ (CIS) as well as all 46 (100%) carcinoma cases displayed diffuse and combined expression of p16INK4a and Ki‐67. Coexpression of Ki‐67 and p16INK4a in the same cell is entirely restricted to cervical lesions displaying diffuse p16INK4a expression, whereas in lesions with focal p16INK4a expression, p16INK4a‐expressing cells are negative for Ki‐67. Thus, diffuse expression of p16INK4a reflects lesions with proliferation‐competent cells, while p16INK4a‐expressing cells associated with focal expression patterns are cell cycle arrested.
The effect of market reform on racial differences in hospital mortality

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether racial differences in hospital mortality worsened after implementation of a New Jersey law in 1993 that reduced subsidies for uninsured hospital care and changed hospital payment from rate regulation to price competition.DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: State discharge data for New Jersey and New York from 1990 to 1996.STUDY DESIGN: We used an interrupted time series design to compare risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rates between states over time. Adjusting for patient characteristics, baseline interstate differences, and common intertemporal trends, we compared the effect sizes for whites and blacks in the following 4 groups: overall, uninsured, insured under age 65, and Medicare patients.DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The study sample included 1,357,394 patients admitted to New Jersey or New York hospitals between 1990 to 1996 with stroke, hip fracture, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure, or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The increase in mortality in New Jersey versus New York was significantly larger among blacks than among whites for AMI (2.4% points vs 0.1% points, P-value for difference .026) but not for the other 6 conditions. In groupings of conditions for which hospital admission is non-discretionary and conditions in which admission is discretionary, we found qualitatively larger increases in mortality for blacks but no statistically significant racial differences among patients overall, uninsured patients, insured patients under age 65, or Medicare patients.CONCLUSIONS: Market-based reform and reductions in subsidies for hospital care for the uninsured in New Jersey were associated with worsening racial disparties in in-hospital mortality for AMI but not for 6 other common conditions.
Leptin Treatment during the Neonatal Period is Associated with Higher Food Intake and Adult Body Weight in Rats

For this study, we have determined the effects of neonatal leptin treatment on the evolution of body weight. Experiment 1: pups were divided into two groups: LepF - injected with leptin (8 micro g/100 g of body weight) for the first 10 days of lactation and control (C) - receiving saline. Experiment 2: pups were divided into two groups: LepL - injected with the same leptin concentration of experiment one for the last 10 days of lactation, and C, which received saline. Body weight and food intake were monitored until age 150 days, after which leptin concentrations were measured by ELISA. The LepF group had a significant increase in body weight (p < 0.05) from day 98 onward, in food intake (p < 0.05) from day 74 onward, and higher serum leptin concentration compared to the control (108 %, p < 0.05). The LepL group had a significant increase in body weight (p < 0.05) from day 113 onward, in food intake from day 121 onward (p < 0.001), and higher serum leptin concentration compared to controls (6.9 %, p < 0.05). These results suggest that both periods of lactation constituted a critical window for body weight and food intake programming, but the effects are more marked when the leptin is injected within the first ten days.
A Danish diabetes risk score for targeted screening: the Inter99 study.

OBJECTIVE To develop a simple self-administered questionnaire identifying individuals with undiagnosed diabetes with a sensitivity of 75% and minimizing the high-risk group needing subsequent testing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A population-based sample (Inter99 study) of 6,784 individuals aged 30-60 years completed a questionnaire on diabetes-related symptoms and risk factors. The participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. The risk score was derived from the first half and validated on the second half of the study population. External validation was performed based on the Danish Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People with Screen Detected Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION) pilot study. The risk score was developed by stepwise backward multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The final risk score included age, sex, BMI, known hypertension, physical activity at leisure time, and family history of diabetes, items independently and significantly (P<0.05) associated with the presence of previously undiagnosed diabetes. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.804 (95% CI 0.765-0.838) for the first half of the Inter99 population, 0.761 (0.720-0.803) for the second half of the Inter99 population, and 0.803 (0.721-0.876) for the ADDITION pilot study. The sensitivity, specificity, and percentage that needed subsequent testing were 76, 72, and 29%, respectively. The false-negative individuals in the risk score had a lower absolute risk of ischemic heart disease compared with the true-positive individuals (11.3 vs. 20.4%; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We developed a questionnaire to be used in a stepwise screening strategy for type 2 diabetes, decreasing the numbers of subsequent tests and thereby possibly minimizing the economical and personal costs of the screening strategy.
[Telomerase activity and telomere length in CD4+,CD8+ and CD19+ lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the telomerase activity and the telomere length in CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD19(+) lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Telomerase activity of CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD19(+) cells from patients with SLE and normal controls was examined by telomeric repeats amplification protocol. Telomere length in those cells was measured by Southern blot method. RESULT CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD19(+) cells in patients with SLE showed high telomerase activity, but only telomerase activity of CD19(+) cells was significantly higher than that in controls. The length of telomere in CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells was significantly shorter than that in controls, but not in CD19(+) cells. CONCLUSION Higher telomerase activity in CD19(+) cells and shortened telomere length in CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells of patients with SLE may be associated with pathogenesis of SLE.