Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SMALL EIGENVALUES OF THE LAPLACE OPERATOR ON COMPACT RIEMANN SURFACES

Let Sf be a compact Riemann surface, which we will assume to have curvature normalized to be — 1 , and let 0=A0<A1^A2^• • be the eigenvalues corresponding to the problem AF+AF=0 on Sf \ where A is the Laplacian for £P. In an otherwise very interesting and useful paper [2], McKean has stated that it is always the case that A ^ J. In this paper, we will show that this need not be true, and that in fact, it is possible to have as many An's in (0, | ) as one wishes. The existence of such An's is of considerable interest, since they figure explicitly in the finer points of the theory of the distribution of the lengths of shortest closed geodesies in free homotopy classes on S? (cf. [1]), as well as in the Riemann hypothesis for the Selberg zeta function corresponding to the trivial character on the fundamental group V of Sf. Our point of departure will be the version of the Selberg trace formula [3] appropriate to the case at hand, which runs as follows : Suppose Sf is the quotient of the upper half-plane by the discontinuous group r , consisting of, apart from the identity, hyperbolic transformations. Let % be a character of T, and let 0^A0(%)^Ai(%)^• • be the sequence of eigenvalues corresponding to the problem AF+AF=0 on £f, where the eigenfunction F(x) is required to transform under V by F{yx)=%(y)F(x). The discussion in [3] assures that the Aw(#)'s are real and ^ 0 , and that the set of such eigenfunctions is complete in the space consisting of those measurable functions on the upper half-plane which transform in this manner, and which are L over a fundamental domain of I \ Now suppose h(z) is an even function, holomorphic in a strip of the form | I m z | < %+e O>0) , and satisfying a growth condition of the form \h(z)\ = 0 ( l + |z|)~, uniformly in the strip. Associate with the sequence ô(%)> hix)* ' ' • of eigenvalues, a sequence R, consisting of those numbers r(x) that satisfy the equations hn(%)=l+r (x) (n=0, 1, 2, • • •)• Apart
A study of the adsorption of dyes on bovine serum albumin by the method of polarization of fluorescence.

The ability of serum to bind small molecules was brought into prominence by the work of de Haan (1922) on the excretion of vital dyestuffs by the kidney. Grollman (1925) later showed by ultra-filtration that serum albumin possesses the property not possessed by ovalbumin, serum globulin, or gelatin, of adsorbing phenol red at alkaline pH. He showed that all the proteins studied bound the dye when the dye and the protein were of opposite electrical charge, but that serum albumin could also bind the negatively charged dye when it was itself negatively charged, adsorption decreasing rapidly, 8. Bennhold (1932) pharmaco-logical
Racial Cues and Political Ideology

This research theorizes that the presence or absence in political conversation of racial cues—that is, references by elites and news media to images commonly understood as tied to particular racial or ethnic groups—may substantially influence wether citizens' racial cognitions contribute to their political judgments. In particular, such symbolic cues in discourse may activate an important linkage between an individual's racial perceptions and political ideology, which some scholars suggest have become closely intertwined in the U.S. political environment. With this in mind, an experiment was conducted in which the news discourse about crime was systematically altered—as including racial cues or not—within controlled political information environments to examine how individuals process, interpret, and use issue information in forming political judgments. The findings suggest that racial cues not only trigger the association between racial perceptions and political ideology but in turn may prompt individuals to become more ideologically distinct in their political evaluations.
Escherichia coli Diacylglycerol Kinase Is an Evolutionarily Optimized Membrane Enzyme and Catalyzes Direct Phosphoryl Transfer*

In this contribution the kinetic mechanism and substrate specificity of Escherichia coli diacylglycerol kinase were examined. Steady state kinetic studies were carried out under mixed micellar conditions using a novel continuous coupled assay system. The kinetic data were consistent with a random equilibrium mechanism, implying that diacylglycerol kinase catalyzes direct phosphoryl transfer from MgATP to diacylglycerol. This was supported by failure to detect an enzyme-phosphate covalent intermediate and by the observation that the bisubstrate analog adenosine 5′-tetraphosphoryl-3-O-(1,2-dihexanoyl)-sn-glycerol inhibits the enzyme (K i ≪K m ,DAG). While diacylglycerol kinase’sk cat/K m is modest compared with the efficiency of many water-soluble enzymes, the enzyme nevertheless appears to be an evolutionarily optimized biocatalyst in the sense that its chemical reaction rate approaches the substrate diffusion-controlled limit. The in vivo rate-limiting step of DAGK’s reaction appears to be, in part, the transbilayer diffusion of diacylglycerol from the outer leaflet to the inner leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane where DAGK’s active site is located. DAGK was observed to maintain a high nucleotide substrate specificity, with most of this specificity being expressed in the form of reductions ink cat for ATP analogs.
Depression and anxiety in the United States: findings from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the unadjusted and adjusted prevalence estimates of depression and anxiety at the state level and examined the odds ratios of depression and anxiety for selected risk behaviors, obesity, and chronic diseases. METHODS The 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, a random-digit-dialed telephone survey, collected depression and anxiety data from 217,379 participants in 38 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Current depressive symptoms were assessed with the standardized and validated eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and lifetime diagnosis of depression and anxiety was assessed by two additional questions (one question for each diagnosis). RESULTS The overall prevalence of current depressive symptoms was 8.7% (range by state and territory, 5.3%-13.7%); of a lifetime diagnosis of depression, 15.7% (range, 6.8%-21.3%); and of a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety, 11.3% (range, 5.4%-17.2%). After sociodemographic characteristics, adverse health behaviors, and chronic illnesses were adjusted for, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma, smoking, and obesity were all significantly associated with current depressive symptoms, a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety, and a lifetime diagnosis of depression. Physically inactive adults were significantly more likely than those who were physically active to have current depressive symptoms or a lifetime diagnosis of depression, whereas those who drank heavily were significantly more likely than those who did not to have current depressive symptoms or a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Depression and anxiety were strongly associated with common chronic medical disorders and adverse health behaviors. Examination of mental health should therefore be an integral component of overall health care.
The Evaluation of New Biomarkers of Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Peripheral Arterial Disease

This study confirmed the role of hypertriglyceridemia and CRP as risk factors in the development of peripheral arterial disease. Lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol in patients could indicate its reduced protective role in preventing the atherogenic process. PAF-AH can not be considered a reliable diagnostic indicator of peripheral arterial disease since the changes in enzyme activity may reflect the altered lipid parameters. Correlation between the CRP concentrations and the concentrations of VEGF, Ang-2 and its receptor Tie-2 appears to suggest an association between inflammation and angiogenesis in the development of peripheral arterial disease. An increased concentration of Ang-2 and Tie-2 receptor could indicate increased vascular remodeling in response to the presence of risk factors and could be considered new biomarkers of angiogenesis which indicate the presence of peripheral arterial disease. The absence of significant correlation between the concentrations of the biochemical parameters investigated and the angiographic score suggests that other factors play a more important role in the progression of the disease. Further research is needed on larger groups of subjects to confirm the value of PAF-AH, VEGF, Ang-2 and Tie-2 receptor, as new diagnostic indicators of atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries.
Sympathoadrenal neural crest cells: The known, unknown and forgotten?

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are highly migratory progenitor cells that give rise to a vast array of differentiated cell types. One of their key derivatives is the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that is comprised in part from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and organ of Zuckerkandl, the sympathetic chain and additional prevertebral ganglia such as the celiac ganglia, suprarenal ganglia and mesenteric ganglia. In this review we discuss recent advances toward our understanding of how the NCC precursors of the ANS migrate to their target regions, how they are instructed to differentiate into the correct cell types, and the morphogenetic signals controlling their development. Many of these processes remain enigmatic to developmental biologists worldwide. Taking advantage of lineage tracing mouse models one of our own aims is to address the morphogenetic events underpinning the formation of the ANS and to identify the molecular mechanisms that help to segregate a mixed population of NCCs into pathways specific for the sympathetic ganglia, sensory ganglia or adrenal medulla.
Metabolism of Lactose by Staphylococcus aureus and Its Genetic Basis

The metabolism of lactose was found to be controlled by three genes: a gene for the synthesis of a β-galactosidase attacking only phosphorylated galactosides; a gene for a protein permitting concentration of phosphorylated galactosides which probably acts by transferring phosphates to them; and a gene regulating the first two structural genes. The three genes are closely linked and may have the same order as in Escherichia coli. Galactose-6-phosphate was found to be a better inducer of lactose utilization than is galactose or any other inducer. The inhibition of induction by isopropylthiogalactoside was found to occur at the level of the protein permitting the concentration of galactoside phosphates.
Unique fixed point theorems for α–ψ-contractive type mappings in fuzzy metric space

Abstract Fixed point theory is one of the most powerful tools in nonlinear analysis. The Banach contraction principle is the simplest and most versatile elementary result in fixed point theory. The principle has many applications and was extended by several authors. In this paper, we introduce a concept of α–ψ-contractive type mappings and establish fixed point theorems for such mappings in complete fuzzy metric spaces. Starting from the Banach contraction principle, the presented theorems are the extension, generalization, and improvement of many existing results in the literature. Some example and application to ordinary differential equations are given to illustrate the usability of obtained results.
In vitro Androgenesis in Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.)

Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.), commonly known as pepper, sweet pepper or bell pepper, belongs to the family Solanaceae and is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. This indispensable item of kitchen occupying an important place in Indian diet is consumed daily in one or the other form as a condiment and spice, vegetable, adding colour, flavour, pungency and piquancy to various foodstuffs. It is an excellent source of vitamins A, B-complex, C, E and is rich in minerals like molybdenum, manganese, folate and potassium (Simonne et al., 1997).
Laser Development for Sodium Laser Guide Stars at ESO

A breakthrough in the development of sodium laser guide star technology at ESO was made in 2009. The laser research and development programme has led to the implementation of a narrowband Raman fibre laser emitting at the wavelength of the sodium lines at 589 nm with demonstrated power beyond 50 W. Fibre lasers are rugged and reliable, making them promising candidates for use in the next generation of laser guide star systems, such as the Adaptive Optics Facility planned for installation on VLT UT4 in 2013.
KEEPING ACCOUNTS BY THE BOOK: THE REVELATION(S) OF ACCOUNTING

Our paper addresses what the moral foundations of accounting are, regardless of capitalistic operations, as we are seeking to trace a genealogy of accounting thinking disconnected from coincidence with Capitalism. We demonstrate that the three monotheisms have bared the core of accounting. We purport to explicate how the three monotheisms (Judaism, Christianity divided into Roman Catholicism and Protestantisms, and Islam) have successively revealed the nature of accounting to moralise people’s day-to-day conduct. Our approach to the revelation of accounting is informed with practice theory to study how accounting was used in believers’ day-today activities and faith management. To this end, we read theological debates on accounting from Rabbinic, Islamic, Catholic and Protestant literatures raised at the time of the Reformation. Our study reveals that, in the four religions, bookkeeping serves as routine and rules to account for daily conduct, its content being contingent upon common understandings (viz. God’s identity, capabilities and expectations) and teleoaffective structures (viz. definition of and ways to salvation). Through this paper, we demonstrate that accounting issues have always served as a sub-practice in moral practices and is therefore not necessarily coincidental with economic operations. Ultimately, we contribute to literature on the genesis of accounting, accounting as situated practice and accounting as moral practice.
A proteomic study reveals the diversified distribution of plasma membrane‐associated proteins in rat hepatocytes

To investigate the heterogeneous protein composition of highly polarized hepatocyte plasma membrane (PM), three PM‐associated subfractions were obtained from freshly isolated rat hepatocytes using density gradient centrifugation. The origins of the three subfractions were determined by morphological analysis and western blotting. The proteins were subjected to either one‐dimensional (1‐D) SDS–PAGE or two‐dimensional (2‐D) benzyldimethyl‐n‐hexadecylammonium chloride (BAC)/SDS–PAGE before nano‐Liquid Chromatography‐Electrospray Ionization—tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS). A total of 613 non‐redundant proteins were identified, among which 371 (60.5%) proteins were classified as PM or membrane‐associated proteins according to GO annotations and the literatures and 32.4% had transmembrane domains. PM proteins from microsomal portion possessed the highest percentage of transmembrane domain, about 46.5% of them containing at least one transmembrane domain. In addition to proteins known to be located at polarized liver PM regions, such as asialoglycoprotein receptor 2, desmoplakin and bile salt export pump, several proteins which had the potential to become novel subfraction‐specific proteins were also identified, such as annexin a6, pannexin and radixin. Our analysis also evaluated the application of 1‐D SDS–PAGE and 2‐D 16‐BAC/SDS–PAGE on the separation of integral membrane proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 965–984, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different requirements for GATA factors in cardiogenesis are mediated by non‐canonical Wnt signaling

GATA factors and Wnt signals are key regulators of vertebrate cardiogenesis, but specific roles for individual GATA factors and how they interact with Wnt signaling remain unknown. We use loss of function and overexpression approaches to elucidate how these molecules regulate early cardiogenesis in Xenopus. In order to minimize indirect effects due to abnormal early embryogenesis, we use pluripotent embryonic tissues as cardiogenic assays. We confirm central roles for GATA4, 5, and 6 in cardiogenesis, but also discover individual and different requirements. We show that GATA4 or 6 regulate both cardiogenic potential and subsequent cardiomyocyte differentiation but that GATA5 is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte differentiation. We also show that Wnt11b signaling can rescue reduced cardiac differentiation resulting from loss of function of GATA4 and 6 but not GATA5. We conclude that Wnt11b mediates the differential requirements for GATA factors during vertebrate cardiogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 240:649–662, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics

Two groups of male university students who had been diagnosed as dyslexic when younger, and two groups of control subjects of similar age and IQ to the dyslexics, were scanned whilst reading aloud and during a task where reading was implicit. The dyslexics performed less well than their peers on a range of literacy tasks and were strikingly impaired on phonological tasks. In the reading aloud experiment, simple words and pseudowords were presented at a slow pace so that reading accuracy was equal for dyslexics and controls. Relative to rest, both normal and dyslexic groups activated the same periand extra-sylvian regions of the left hemisphere that are known to be involved in reading. However, the dyslexic readers showed less activation than controls in the left posterior inferior temporal cortex [Brodmann area (BA) 37, or Wernicke’s Wortschatz], left cerebellum, left thalamus and medial extrastriate cortex. In the implicit reading experiment, word and pseudoword processing
Strongly homotopy Lie algebras

The present paper can be thought of as a continuation of the paper "Introduction to sh Lie algebras for physicists" by T. Lada and J. Stasheff (International Journal of Theoretical Physics Vol. 32, No. 7 (1993), 1087--1103, appeared also as preprint hep-th/9209099) which provided an exposition of the basic ingredients of the theory of strongly homotopy Lie algebras sufficient for the underpinnings of the physically relevant examples. We demonstrate the `strong homotopy' analog of the usual relation between Lie and associative algebras and investigate the universal enveloping algebra functor emerging as the left adjoint of the symmetrization functor. We show that the category of homotopy associative algebras carries a natural monoidal structure such that the universal enveloping algebra is a unital coassociative cocommutative coalgebra with respect to this monoidal structure. The last section is concerned with the relation between homotopy modules and weak homotopy maps. The present paper is complementary to what currently exists in the literature, both physical and mathematical.
The matrix 1 protein of influenza A virus inhibits the transcriptase activity of a model influenza reporter genome in vivo.

The M1 protein of influenza virus inhibits the in vitro transcriptase activity of ribonucleoprotein cores from virions. This inhibitory activity is thought to be relevant in vivo because accumulation of M1 at the late stages of viral replication may be the cue to halt viral mRNA production. A model influenza reporter genome was used to explore the effect of M1 on the activity of the influenza virus transcriptase complex within cultured cells. Expression of M1 in cells bearing the model influenza virus reporter genome was accompanied by a reduction of CAT gene expression to 12% of control levels. Quantification of RNA by ribonuclease protection assay revealed that the influenza reporter genome mRNA levels in M1-expressing cells were reduced by approximately 74% compared with those of cells expressing a control protein. These findings are consistent with the proposed model in which M1 is responsible for limiting viral transcription during late stages of infection. By expressing truncated forms of M1, the inhibitory activity was found to reside within the amino-terminal half of the M1 protein. Two independent inhibitory domains were identified in this region: one between amino acid residues 1-90 and the other spanning residues 91-127.
Effects of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy and physical exercise on sick leave and employment in primary care patients with depression: two subgroup analyses

Objectives Depression can negatively impact work capacity, but treatment effects on sick leave and employment are unclear. This study evaluates if internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) or physical exercise (PE), with already reported positive effects on clinical outcome and short-term work ability, has better effects on employment, sick leave and long-term work ability compared with treatment as usual (TAU) for depressed primary care patients (German clinical trials: DRKS00008745). Methods After randomisation and exclusion of patients not relevant for work-related analysis, patients were divided into two subgroups: initially unemployed (total n=118) evaluated on employment, and employed (total n=703) evaluated on long-term sick leave. Secondary outcomes were self-rated work ability and average number of sick days per month evaluated for both subgroups. Assessments (self-reports) were made at baseline and follow-up at 3 and 12 months. Results For the initially unemployed subgroup, 52.6% were employed after 1 year (response rate 82%). Both PE (risk ratio (RR)=0.44; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.87) and ICBT (RR=0.37; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.84) showed lower rates compared with TAU after 3 months, but no difference was found after 1 year (PE: RR=0.97; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.57; ICBT: RR=1.23; 95% CI 0.72 to 2.13). For those with initial employment, long-term sick leave (response rate 75%) decreased from 7.8% to 6.5%, but neither PE (RR=1.4; 95% CI 0.52 to 3.74) nor ICBT (RR=0.99; 95% CI 0.39 to 2.46) decreased more than TAU, although a temporary positive effect for PE was found. All groups increased self-rated work ability with no differences found. Conclusions No long-term effects were found for the initially unemployed on employment status or for the initially employed on sick leave. New types of interventions need to be explored.
Nucleolus-tethering system (NoTS)

Multiple biological processes are regulated by complicated interaction networks formed by protein-protein or protein-RNA interactions. Nuclear bodies (NBs) are a class of membrane-less subnuclear structures, acting as reaction sites, storage and modification sites, or transcription regulating sites involved in signaling transduction. Biochemical and fluorescence-based methods are widely used to study protein-protein interactions, but false-positive results are a major issue, especially for some fluorescence-based methods. Moreover, these methods fail to be applied to study the formation of NBs, which were characterized by a popular bacterial Lac operator and/or repressor (LacO/LacI) system in mammalian cells. Methods investigating assembly of plant NBs are not available. We have recently developed a nucleolar marker protein nucleolin2 (Nuc2)-based method named Nucleolus-tethering System (NoTS) and showed its application in interaction assay among nucleoplasmic proteins and initiation of plant specific NBs, photobodies. In this extraview, we will compare NoTS with the traditional methods and discuss the assembly mechanisms of NBs, in addition to advantages, limitations, and perspectives about the application of NoTS.