Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gate-Induced Drain Leakage Reduction in Cylindrical Dual-Metal Hetero-Dielectric Gate All Around MOSFET

In this paper, an analytical model of dual-metal hetero-dielectric (DM-HD) cylindrical gate all around (GAA) MOSFET has been proposed to address and solve a substantial issue of gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current in order to improve the device reliability, band-to-band tunneling (BTBT), and OFF state leakages. The structure is based upon asymmetric gate oxide structure by combining silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) gate dielectric at source side and vacuum dielectric at drain side, which significantly reduces BTBT and OFF-state gate leakages, thereby making it suitable for low-power applications. It is examined that GIDL i.e., an OFF-state leakage phenomenon, is reduced in DM-HD GAA MOSFET by lowering the BTBT. This can be done by reducing OFF-state leakages due to: 1) increase in tunneling width and 2) increased barrier height from source to channel. The results show that the OFF-state leakage current in DM-HD GAA MOSFET reduces to an order of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-\textsf {13}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-\textsf {9}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A as in the case of conventional GAA MOSFET. The results so obtained are compared with those of cylindrical dual-metal GAA (DM-GAA) MOSFET and GAA MOSFET to analyze its performance. OFF-state leakages at higher temperatures have also been analyzed.
Efficient Arbitrarily Divisible E-Cash Applicable to Secure Massive Transactions

A conventional divisible E-cash (DEC) system allows each user to withdraw a coin of value <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, then spend it in several times by dividing it into small ones of value <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, for some <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l \in \{0,1,\cdots, n\}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Observing that the price of many commodities is not just <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, it requires to pay more than one coin in a transaction. In order to improve the efficiency of spend protocol, we propose a new construction called arbitrarily DEC (ADEC) which can divide a large coin into several small ones with arbitrarily integer values. We propose a new construction of ADEC based on a public linked list. Using bilinear pairings, we instantiate two ADEC systems: one holds its useful properties in the standard model and the other one in the random oracle model. These two systems allow users to pay for transactions in constant time. Moreover, our construction can be applied to secure the E-commerce of merchant with high volumes of transactions, a merchant can get a result in constant time for depositing a coin and can complete the deposit procedure in a reasonable time, even if he/she deposits massive coins. Our schemes are quite practical for users/merchants using resource-constrained mobile devices.
Performance Analysis of Supervised Classifiers Using PCA Based Techniques on Breast Cancer

Focus of this paper is to recognize tumorous (malignant) and non-tumorous (benign) from the dataset. Wisconsin breast cancer data (WBCD) has been used and taken from UCI machine learning repository. Most popular supervised learning classifiers with PCA based dimensionality rebate techniques applied. Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes and Logistic Regression used with Linear, Sigmoid, Cosine, Poly and Radial basis function based PCA's. Numerous performance metrics tested after getting confusion matrix. Among them accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, false omission rate, precision, prevalence, f1-score, negative predicted value, false negative rate, false discovery rate and markedness. Our best performing models then relatively compared with other existing models. Sigmoid based Naïve Bayes exhibits best accuracy of 99.20%. K Nearest Neighbor also illustrate superb performance with all kernel PCA based techniques. Accuracy ranges from 96.4% to 97.8%
HIV-1 drug resistance at virological failure versus immunological failure among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting

Antiretroviral treatment failure has been defined by immunological failure (IF) in some resource-limited settings whereas defining by virological failure (VF) has been widely used in developed countries. There is limited comparison of the levels of HIV-1 drug resistance between using VF and IF for the diagnosis of treatment failure. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-1-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Of 95 patients, median CD4 and HIV-1 RNA were 158 cells/mm3 and 10,200 copies/mL, respectively. Patients in the IF group had higher HIV-1 RNA than those in VF group (23,820 versus 9510 copies/mL, P = 0.008). Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-, non-NRTI- and protease inhibitor-resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were observed in 57.9%, 94.7% and 5.3%, respectively. Q151M, a multidrug RAM, was more commonly observed in the IF group (14.8% versus 2.9%, P = 0.032). Using IF to diagnose treatment failure is associated with higher HIV-1 RNA levels and a higher rate of Q151M, which can limit the options for second-line ART.
A Randomized Study to Demonstrate Noninferiority of Once‐Daily OROS® Hydromorphone with Twice‐Daily Sustained‐Release Oxycodone for Moderate to Severe Chronic Noncancer Pain

This was a randomized, open‐label, comparative, parallel group study designed to demonstrate the noninferiority of once‐daily OROS® hydromorphone compared with twice‐daily sustained‐release (SR) oxycodone in subjects with chronic noncancer pain severe enough to require continuous opioid therapy. The core phase (24 weeks) consisted of titration and maintenance periods. This was followed by an optional extension phase (28 weeks), which collected data used to assess long‐term safety and efficacy outcomes. Five hundred four subjects were randomized between the 2 treatment groups. The primary efficacy analysis showed that OROS hydromorphone was noninferior to SR oxycodone (P = 0.011) as measured by change in Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) pain severity subscore “pain right now. ” The treatment difference with respect to change in BPI pain severity subscore “pain right now” was 0.29 (95% confidence interval: −0.27 to 0.84). The equianalgesic doses were 16 mg OROS hydromorphone and 40 mg SR oxycodone (median values). Secondary outcomes included other BPI scale items, the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Indices, and quality of life measured by the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) questionnaire. Both treatment groups showed improvements in the main secondary efficacy endpoints. No statistically significant differences were shown between the treatment groups, except for the scores for somnolence (MOS sleep subscale) and physical functioning (SF‐36), which both had a statistically significant difference between treatments groups in favor of OROS hydromorphone. Both study medications had equivalent and acceptable safety profiles. The results of this open‐label study showed that once‐daily OROS hydromorphone is a safe and well‐tolerated treatment for chronic pain and as efficacious as twice‐daily SR oxycodone.
The Impact of Relationship Quality on Experiental Marketing and Customer Satisfaction in the Case of Ticketing Online

This study aims to explain the influence of experiential marketing on customer satisfaction based on relationship quality. The population in this study was the user of ticketing online in Indonesia. This research used quantitative method through survey method. The data were collected using questionnaires based on Likert scale 1-6. The sample used 166 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method and statistical analysis method with SPSS version 23.The result revealed that simple linear regression on equation of first model showed positive influence between experiential marketing on customers’ satisfaction, relationship quality to experiential marketing and relationship quality on customers’ satisfaction.
Electroluminescence of GaSb/GaAs Quantum Dots

GaSb/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) exhibit the type-II band alignment where the spatial separation between electron and hole wave functions occurs. The carrier recombination is subsequently low, and seems not to be appropriate for light-emitting applications. In this work, the numerical simulations of electroluminescence (EL) from the GaSb/GaAs QD light-emitting diode (LED) are performed. The LED structure contains a single layer of the GaSb QDs which is inserted in a GaAs matrix, and employed as the active region of the LED. Electrical properties of the LED are presented by current density-voltage characteristics. Under forward-biased condition, simulation results indicate that the radiative recombination rate is high around the GaSb/GaAs interface and becomes gradually lower in the middle of each QD owing to the type-II band alignment. Interestingly, the radiative recombination can be enhanced and extend more into the QDs as the forward-biased voltage increases, enabling the possibility to realize light-emitting devices from type-II nanostructures. These observations can be explained by band diagrams. Furthermore, the blueshift in the EL peak energy with increasing the injected current density is found and almost proportional to the third root of the injected current density, confirming that the EL emissions are derived from the QDs.
Nodes in the Bitcoin Network: Comparative Measurement Study and Survey

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that has gained significant attention and growth in recent years. Unlike traditional currencies, Bitcoin does not rely on a centralized authority to control the supply, distribution, and verification of the validity of transactions. Instead, Bitcoin relies on a peer-to-peer (P2P) network of volunteers to distribute pending transactions and confirmed blocks, to verify transactions, and to collectively implement a replicated ledger that everyone agrees on. This P2P network is at the heart of Bitcoin and many other blockchain technologies. In this paper, we present a comparative measurement study of nodes in the Bitcoin network. We measure and analyze how many the so-called “volunteers” are in the Bitcoin P2P network by scanning the live Bitcoin network for 37 days in 2018 and compare them with the data reported by prior work in 2013~2016. This paper is motivated by the fact that Bitcoin has experienced explosive growth in terms of a number of users, transactions, value, and interest over a recent couple of years. Our investigation includes the IP addresses of Bitcoin nodes, size of the network, power law in the geographic distribution, protocol, and client versions, and network latencies and shows how today’s network is different from early days. In addition, based on the observations made from the measurement study, we propose a simple distance-based peer selection rule for improved connectivity and faster data propagation. The evaluation results show that our proposed lightweight and backward-compatible peer selection rule has the potential to reduce data dissemination latency.
Channel Selection of EEG Emotion Recognition using Stepwise Discriminant Analysis

EEG has been used by many applications recently, not only in the field of medicine but also telemarketing, games, and cybernetics. Measuring brain signal by involving EEG is complicated and delicate work because it involves many channels, frequency bands, and features. An efficient and effective method in EEG measurement is then becoming crucial among the scientists. This paper proposed a channel selection study for emotion recognition based on the EEG signal by using Stepwise Discriminant Analysis (SDA). SDA is the extension of statistical tool for discriminant analysis that include stepwise technique. In this paper, the data was obtained from the public emotion EEG dataset which was recorded using 62 channels of EEG devices for three target emotions (i.e., positive, negative and neutral). In order to handle high dimensionality in EEG signals, we extracted differential entropy feature from five frequency bands: delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. The selection criteria in SDA was based on Wilks Lambda score to get the optimal channel. In order to measure the performance of selected channels, we fed the features vector of the EEG signal to the LDA classifier. We conducted several scenarios from the different number of selected channels in experiments, such as 3, 4, 7, and 15 channels. The highest accuracy of 99.85% was obtained from 15 channels scenario in all combinations of frequency bands. Our results also confirm that alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands are reliable for EEG emotion recognition.
Cerebral Autoregulation in Orthostatic Intolerance

Abstract: Many of the primary symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (fatigue, diminished concentration) as well as some of the premonitory symptoms of neurally mediated syncope (NMS) are thought to be due to cerebral hypoperfusion. Transcranial Doppler measurements of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (CBV) is at present the only technique for assessing rapid changes in cerebral blood flow, and hence for evaluating dynamic cerebral autoregulation. However, controversies exist regarding data interpretation. At syncope, during the collapse of blood pressure (BP), diastolic CBV diminishes, whereas systolic CBV is maintained. Some consider this increase in CBV pulsatility to be indicative of a paradoxical increase in cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) prior to syncope. Others note that mean CBV decreases much less than does mean BP, implying that cerebral autoregulatory mechanisms are intact and functioning at syncope. Similarly, there is no evidence of impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation, as measured by standard linear transfer‐function analysis, in patients with NMS. Some patients with exaggerated postural tachycardia (POTS) have been found to have an excessive decrease in CBV during head‐up tilt. Controversy exists as to whether this decrease results from an excessive sympathetic outflow to the cerebral vasculature or from hyperventilation. However, many other equally symptomatic patients with a similar hemodynamic profile of exaggerated tachycardia during head‐up tilt have normal CBV changes during this maneuver and have normal dynamic cerebral autoregulation as determined by transfer‐function analysis. Whether these discrepancies reflect different pathologies in patients with POTS is currently unknown.
Incremental Online Verification of Dynamic Cyber-Physical Systems

Periodically online verification has been widely recognized as a practical and promising method to handle the non-deterministic and unpredictable behavior of dynamic CPS systems. However, it is a challenge to keep the online verification of CPS systems finishing quickly in time to give enough time for the running system to respond, if any error is detected. Nevertheless, the problems under verification for each cycle are highly similar to each other. Most of the differences are caused by run-time factors like changing of parameters’ values or the reorganization of active components in the system. Under this investigation, this paper presents an incremental verification technique for online verification of CPS systems. A method is given to distinguish the differences between the problem under verification and the previous verified problem. Then, by reusing the problem space of the previous verified problem as a warm-start base, the modified part can be introduced into the base, which can be solved incrementally and efficiently. A set of case studies on a real-case train control system is presented in this paper to demonstrate the performance of the incremental online verification technique.
Clinical and Histologic Evaluation of a New Injectable Implant:: Hydrophilic Polyacrylamide Gel

Hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel is a new, jellylike transparent implant that consists of 95% water and 5% polyacrylamide, and it has been applied in many countries for many years as a sort of injectable implant. However, there are no data regarding human tissue reaction to hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel to date. Thirty-one patients who had undergone the injection of hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel for soft-tissue augmentation from September 1998 to November 2001 wanted to remove the implant. Hematoxylin–eosin-stained sections from each cyst of tissue sample were investigated and analyzed with light microcopy. The tissue slices of 12 patients who had received an injection of silicone from 1988 to 1994 were reviewed. The difference in histologic features was assessed. The inflammatory reaction of hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel was characterized by the presence of more foreign body giant cells. The cellular response ranged from moderate or marked (4 to 18 months) to mild (>18 months). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Little lymphocyte infiltration was shown in all slices of hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel. There were clusters or diffuse lymphocyte infiltration on histologic observation of the liquid silicone. The difference was significant (P < 0.001). In summary, hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel may evoke a human tissue inflammatory response similar to other foreign materials. Lumpy subcutaneous nodules, mastodynia, and difficult removal may limit its application in breast augmentation.
High-Performance InGaZnO-Based ReRAMs

Amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) is one of the most promising oxide semiconductors for thin-film transistors and it has started to replace amorphous silicon in display drivers. However, attempts to use IGZO in resistive random access memories (ReRAMs) are still scarce. This work investigates the bipolar resistive switching properties of crossbar-ReRAM devices based on IGZO thin film. Aluminum bottom electrode and two different top electrodes (i.e., Al and Ag) were tested in the devices. It was discovered that an oxygen plasma treatment (OPT) on the bottom electrode could significantly improve the surface roughness of the bottom electrode, the ON/OFF ratio, and the switching uniformity. After the OPT, the endurance of ReRAMs was enhanced. The ON/OFF current ratios reached ~104 and 105 within 100 endurance cycles for Al and Ag top electrode devices, respectively. Furthermore, the ReRAMs memory window remained nearly constant during a retention test of 105 s. The conduction mechanisms of the two device structures were examined using Schottky emission and space-charge-limited-current pictures, and the memory effect was explained by the formation and the interruption of filaments.
Prediction of Successful College Academic Performance from Measures of Body-Cathexis, Self-Cathexis, and Anxiety

Measures of body-cathexis, self-cathexis, and anxiety were administered to 74 junior and senior students in educational psychology The body and self tended to be cathected to the same degree, and anxiety was highly correlated with both cathexes. Correlations with grade-point average were nonsignificant. Thus, values placed on body and self tended to be commensurate but lack predictive validity for college academic success.
The curative management of synchronous rectal and prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE Neoadjuvant "long-course" chemoradiation is considered a standard of care in locally advanced rectal cancer. In addition to prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy with or without androgen suppression (AS) are well established in prostate cancer management. A retrospective review of ten cases was completed to explore the feasibility and safety of applying these standards in patients with dual pathology. To our knowledge, this is the largest case series of synchronous rectal and prostate cancers treated with curative intent. METHODS Eligible patients had synchronous histologically proven locally advanced rectal cancer (defined as cT3-4Nx; cTxN1-2) and non-metastatic prostate cancer (pelvic nodal disease permissible). Curative treatment was delivered to both sites simultaneously. Follow-up was as per institutional guidelines. Acute and late toxicities were reviewed, and a literature search performed. RESULTS Pelvic external beam radiotherapy (RT) 45-50.4 Gy was delivered concurrent with 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Prostate total dose ranged from 70.0 to 79.2 Gy. No acute toxicities occurred, excluding AS-induced erectile dysfunction. Nine patients proceeded to surgery, and one was managed expectantly. Three relapsed with metastatic colorectal cancer, two with metastatic prostate cancer. Five patients have no evidence of recurrence, and four remain alive with metastatic disease. With a median follow-up of 2.2 years (range 1.2-6.3 years), two significant late toxicities occurred; G3 proctitis in a patient receiving palliative bevacizumab and a G3 anastomotic stricture precluding stoma reversal. CONCLUSION Patients proceeding to synchronous radical treatment of both primary sites should receive 45-50.4 Gy pelvic RT with infusional 5FU. Prostate dose escalation should be given with due consideration to the potential impact of prostate cancer on patient survival, as increasing dose may result in significant late morbidity. Review of published series explores the possibility of prostate brachytherapy as an alternative method of boost delivery. Frequent use of bevacizumab in metastatic rectal cancer may compound late rectal morbidity in this cohort. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE To our knowledge, this is the largest case series of synchronous rectal and prostate cancers treated with curative intent. This article contributes to the understanding of how best to approach definitive treatment in these patients.
The Value of Prosumers’ Flexibility under Different Electricity Market Conditions: Case Studies of Denmark and Croatia

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, power system strategies have focused on large scale integration of renewable energy sources (RES) subsidizing initial installations for a fixed time period to ensure investment profitability. However, increasing number of wind and solar (PV) power plants, not responsible for scheduling deviations due to their intermittent production, resulted in growing need for power system flexibility. By rescinding incentives and subsidies and exposing RES to the market, they become responsible for accurate prediction of their production and become penalized for deviations from the announced forecasts.Moreover, the suppliers, or the aggregators, will play an important role in unlocking and encouraging the flexible end-consumers with installed local RES and demand response (DR). They need to create market products in a form of different dynamic pricing schemes which award responsiveness to price signals and penalize passive behavior.The paper focuses on the value of household flexibility through electricity cost reduction in low and high developed energy power markets. Results show that households equipped with PV and different types of DR programs in high-liquid market (as one in Denmark), exposed to the volatile market prices and responsible for their PV production and demand forecast, achieve lower electricity cost comparing to poorly developed retail market in Croatia where consumers are better off in a two-price tariff system.
Positive Semidefinite Hankel Structured Low Rank Approximation using Vandermonde Decomposition

In this paper, we propose a decomposition based method for solving the positive semidefinite Hankel structured low rank approximation (PHSLRA) of a given matrix. This problem is formulated as an unconstrained optimization problem using the Vandermonde decomposition of the positive semidefinite Hankel matrix. We use the alternating minimization method to solve this optimization problem. To the best of our knowledge, an alternating minimization method for solving PHSLRA has not been proposed in the literature. We apply the proposed algorithm on various numerical examples to illustrate the superiority of our approach.