Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Themes of Relational Uncertainty and Interference From Partners in Depression

This article draws on the relational turbulence model to illuminate the dynamics of depression in romantic relationships using a thematic analysis of online discourse. Three content areas of relational uncertainty were apparent: (a) depression uncertainty (questions about physical harm, source of depression, and understanding), (b) self and partner uncertainty (questions about helplessness and identity), and (c) relationship uncertainty (questions about physical intimacy, relationship satisfaction, and the future of the relationship). Three content areas of interference from partners also emerged: (a) daily routines (disruptions to household tasks; finances, work, and school; children and parenting; and family and social life), (b) personal well-being (disruptions to health and safety as well as treatment), and (c) the relationship (disruptions to sexual activity, emotional intimacy, and openness). Relational uncertainty and interference from partners coincided in people's experiences in seven ways. The article concludes by discussing the conceptual, empirical, and pragmatic implications of the findings.
Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Infants Born at Less Than Thirty-Five Weeks of Gestational Age

Background: The aims of this study were to observe the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization rate and to identify the risk factors for hospitalization for RSV infection among infants in Korea born at <35 weeks of gestational age and who had not previously received palivizumab. Methods: We conducted a study over a 2.5-year period (between April 2007 and September 2009) that included premature infants (<35 weeks of gestational age) who underwent follow-up during 1 year after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Demographic information was collected for each subject at baseline, and the reasons for hospitalization were obtained during the 1-year follow-up period. Results: The study population included 1022 subjects who completed follow-up interviews. Eight hundred seventeen infants were included in analysis for RSV hospitalization. Excluded from the study were 167 subjects with chronic lung disease who had received palivizumab prophylaxis and 38 subjects who were not tested for RSV. The overall incidence of RSV hospitalization in the group that did not receive palivizumab was 4.5% (37 of 817 patients). Independent risk factors associated with RSV hospitalization were multiple gestation (P = 0.022) and longer duration of mechanical ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit (P = 0.039). Conclusion: This study showed the epidemiology and risk factors of RSV hospitalization in preterm infants in Korea. RSV infection was one of the main causes of hospitalization after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit in patients born at <35 weeks of gestational age.
Revealing and Concealing Ill Identity: A Performance Narrative of IBD Disclosure

Revealing a hidden, chronic illness is a risky and vulnerable act. Ill individuals often remain socially stigmatized, and those who live with invisible illness must legitimize their ill identity since they infrequently look sick. For individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), disclosing one's illness carries unique challenges because of the grotesque and taboo nature of the disease. To this end, the bathroom or “water closet” is more than a functional place—it is a space to hide one's ill identity. For many, the point of departure from safety to vulnerability occurs when there is a desire to disclose. In this descriptive essay, revelation of an invisible illness, IBD, and disclosure to others are explored as embodied and situated communication. Through performance narrative, the author shares stories of her disclosive moments to inform others about IBD, explores how the water closet can be a metaphoric boundary, examines various strategies used in revealing hidden illness, and offers possible implications for IBD disclosure to the self and relationships with others.
Etiology and Seasonality of Viral Respiratory Infections in Rural Honduran Children

Background: Limited data are available in Honduras that describe the etiology and seasonality of respiratory infections, especially in rural outpatient settings. Better data may lead to improved therapeutic and preventive strategies. The goal of our study was to determine the viral etiology and seasonality of acute respiratory infections in a rural Honduran population of children. Methods: Prospective clinic surveillance was conducted to identify children < 5 years of age presenting with respiratory symptoms of < 5 days duration. We obtained data on age, sex, medical history, breastfeeding history, symptoms, risk factors, household setting, temperature, respiratory rate and chest examination findings. To assess the association between specific viruses and weather, regional meteorological data were collected. Nasopharyngeal samples were tested for 16 respiratory viruses using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel. Results: From February 2010 through June 2011, 345 children < 5 years of age were enrolled; 17%, 23%, 30% and 31% were <6, 6–11, 12–23 and 24–60 months old, respectively. Including all clinics in the region, 44.5% of patients < 5 years of age with documented respiratory diagnoses were enrolled. At least 1 virus was identified in 75.4% children, of which 7.5% were coinfections; 13.3% were positive for parainfluenza, 11.9% for influenza, 8.1% for human metapneumovirus and 7.5% for respiratory syncytial virus. Rainfall correlated with parainfluenza (P < 0.0001), influenza (P < 0.0001), human metapneumovirus (P = 0.0182) and respiratory syncytial virus (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: These results suggest that the spectrum of viruses in ill, rural, Honduran children is similar to that in North and Central America, although the seasonality is typical of some tropical regions.
Communicating Stigma: The Pro-Ana Paradox

This study explores the personal experience of pro-ana bloggers, members of an online community for people with eating disorders. Using Erving Goffman's work on stigma, this study explores the motivations, benefits, and drawbacks of blogging about a stigmatized mental illness, as taken from the bloggers' own perceptive. We conducted 33 interviews with bloggers from seven different countries via phone, Skype, and e-mail. Participants were motivated to blog because they found social support, a way to cope with a stigmatized illness, and means of self-expression. Participants described blogging as a cathartic experience and perceived the social support they received from other members of the pro-ana community as a benefit. The fear that the eating disorder will be revealed if the blog is exposed and the concern that the blog encourages disordered eating were the perceived negative consequences of maintaining such a blog. Thus, blogging about anorexia serves to both alleviate and trigger anxiety about living with this stigmatized illness. Recommendations for future research are made.
Preventing Coronary Artery Abnormalities: A Need for Earlier Diagnosis and Treatment of Kawasaki Disease

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the timing of coronary artery (CA) abnormalities in light of the expanding clinical spectrum of Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: We reviewed all cases of KD admitted to Children’s Hospital Colorado from January 2007 through February 2011 who had CA abnormalities. A retrospective chart review was conducted to collect demographic, clinical, laboratory and echocardiogram (ECHO) data. CA abnormalities were defined as Z score ≥2.5 or presence of ectasia or aneurysms. Results: A total of 210 patients with KD were identified. Fifty-seven (27.1%) of the 210 children with KD had CA abnormalities. Forty-six of the 57 (81%) children with CA abnormalities had CA abnormalities noted on their initial ECHO. Of the 46 children who had CA abnormalities detected on their initial ECHO, 37 (80%) had their ECHO on or before illness day 10. The median day of illness when abnormalities were detected on initial ECHO was day 7 (interquartile range: 5–8; range: 2–24 days). Only 25 of the 46 children (54%) were classified as complete KD, but 40 (87%) had the triad of conjunctivitis, rash and mucous membrane involvement. Thirteen (28%) had intravenous immunoglobulin–resistant disease. Conclusion: The majority of CA abnormalities in children with KD were identified in the initial ECHO, during the first week of illness. Earlier diagnosis and treatment is needed to impact the incidence of CA abnormalities in children with KD. Increased clinical suspicion and earlier use of ECHO in the initial workup of children with suspected KD may lead to more rapid diagnosis and treatment.
A Retrospective Analysis of Nosocomial Viral Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tract Infections

Background: Viral nosocomial infections (NIs) in children are common and most frequently affect the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract. Few studies are dedicated to this topic. We aimed to determine incidence and characteristics of these specific viral NIs at our hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of nosocomial gastroenteritis and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) of hospitalized patients at the University Children’s Hospital Basel over a 12-month period. Patients with new-onset gastroenteritis or RTI during hospitalization or a physician diagnosis of NI on discharge were included for analysis. NIs were defined by use of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations and specific agents’ incubation periods. Results: Overall, 5493 patients were hospitalized accounting for 22,251 hospital days. Forty-five (0.8%) patients acquired an NI: 15 cases of gastroenteritis (mean age, 9.9 months; range: 3–24; NI incidence: 0.7 per 1000 hospitalization days) and 30 cases of RTI (mean age, 63.7 months; range: 1–174; NI incidence: 1.3 per 1000 hospitalization days). Main agents were rotavirus (10/15 gastroenteritis, 67%) and rhinovirus (22/30 nosocomial RTI; 73%). Physicians reported 9 cases of NI, of which 2 (22%) did not fulfill the criteria for an NI, 3 were surgical site infections, 1 was a case of rotavirus gastroenteritis and 3 were RTIs by rhinovirus. Conclusions: Viral NIs, especially caused by rotavirus and rhinovirus, are frequent in children of all ages but underestimated if exclusively reported by physicians. Prospective studies should further investigate the role and epidemiology of rhinovirus in nosocomial RTI, ideally by use of automated information technology support.
STREAM PERIPHYTON PHOTOACCLIMATION RESPONSE IN FIELD CONDITIONS: EFFECT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND SEASONAL CHANGES 1

The photochemical behavior of intact stream periphyton communities in France was evaluated in response to the time course of natural light. Intact biofilms grown on glass substrata were collected at three development stages in July and November, and structural parameters of the biofilms were investigated (diatom density and taxonomy). At each season, physiological parameters based on pigment analysis (HPLC) and pulse‐amplitude‐modulated (PAM) chl fluorescence technique were estimated periodically during a day from dawn to zenith. Regardless of the community studied, the optimal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), the effective PSII efficiency (ΦPSII), the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), and the relative electron transport rate (rETR) exhibited clear dynamic patterns over the morning. Moreover, microalgae responded to the light increase by developing the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle. The analysis of P‐I parameters and pigment profiles suggests that July communities were adapted to higher light environments in comparison with November ones, which could be partly explained by a shift in the taxonomic composition. Finally, differences between development stages were significant only in July. In particular, photoinhibition was less pronounced in mature assemblages, indicating that self‐shading (in relation to algal biomass) could have influenced photosynthesis in older communities.
Evaluation of CD64 Expression on Neutrophils as an Early Indicator of Neonatal Sepsis

Background: Enhanced neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) expression is likely to be useful in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. This study evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of nCD64 expression as an early indicator of neonatal sepsis. Methods: Sixty neonates (culture positive, 24; negative, 36) with suspected sepsis and 30 controls were studied prospectively. CD64 expression was evaluated flow cytometrically on neutrophils and monocytes. Mean and median nCD64 expression, mean and median monocyte CD64/nCD64 (M/N CD64) ratios were computed. Results were correlated with blood culture and other conventional indices of sepsis. Results: The sick neonates had significantly higher mean and median nCD64 expression compared with controls. Monocyte CD64 values did not differ significantly among the groups. Both mean and median M/N CD64 ratios were significantly lower in the former group. Culture-positive neonates had significantly higher mean and median nCD64 values and significantly lower mean and median M/N CD64 ratios than clinically indistinguishable but culture-negative neonates. Both groups were significantly different with respect to these indices from normal controls. Median M/N CD64 ratio was the best discriminant by virtue of highest area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.903), with sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 88.9%, respectively. Conventional indices were inferior, both singly and in combination. Conclusions: Enhanced nCD64 reported as median M/N CD64 ratio is a highly sensitive marker of culture-positive neonatal sepsis. It additionally identifies a separate group among culture-negative sick neonates and may be useful to guide antibiotic administration especially in these neonates.
Therapeutic Zinc and Copper Supplementation in Acute Diarrhea Does Not Influence Short-Term Morbidity and Growth: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of zinc and copper supplementation in acute diarrhea on morbidity and growth during 12 weeks of follow-up. In a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of 724 children aged 6–59 months, none of the 11 evaluated outcomes showed significant association with zinc or zinc and copper supplementation. Thus, therapeutic zinc supplementation may not always yield short-term benefits.
Risk Factors for Salmonella Gastroenteritis in Children Less Than Five Years of Age in Taiwan

Background: Nontyphoid Salmonella spp. have been among the most common pathogens of acute gastroenteritis in children in Taiwan. However, the principal sources of transmission remain poorly defined. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted from January 2009 to October 2010. Cases were children aged 2–60 months who were hospitalized at 3 medical centers in Taiwan because of diarrhea and found to have culture-proven nontyphoidal Salmonella infection. Controls were healthy children or children with acute diseases other than gastroenteritis and matched to cases by age, gender, study site and enrollment date. Results: A total of 396 cases and 930 matched controls were included for analysis. Multivariate analysis using conditional logistic regression identified contact with household members having diarrhea (matched odds ratio [mOR], 17.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.82–36.34; P < 0.0001), consumption of instant powdered milk (mOR, 2.04; 95% CI: 1.05–3.94; P = 0.0344), visits to health-care facilities (mOR, 1.66; 95% CI: 1.12–2.48; P = 0.0126) and consumption of purchased groundwater (mOR, 1.50; 95% CI: 1.06–2.11; P = 0.0214) within 1 week preceding enrollment as independent factors associated with increased risk of salmonellosis. Hand washing before meals (P = 0.0311), breastfeeding (P = 0.0370), consumption of chicken (P = 0.0019) and consumption of food prepared by caregivers (P = 0.0011) were protective against Salmonella infection. Conclusions: The principal transmission routes of Salmonella infection in Taiwanese children are person-to-person, waterborne and environmental contacts. The possibility of powdered milk and groundwater contamination of Salmonella cannot be excluded and requires further investigation.
Three-year Antibody Persistence and Safety After a Single Dose of Combined Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib)–Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C-tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Hib-primed Toddlers

Background: Persistence of seroprotective bactericidal antibody titers is important for long-term protection against meningococcal serogroup C disease in young children. Antibody persistence values were determined in children up to 3 years after vaccination with a single dose of the combined Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)–Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (MenC)-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccine (Hib-MenC-TT; www.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00326118). Methods: The children had been randomized at ages 12–18 months to receive either 1 dose of Hib-MenC-TT (Hib-MenC group) or separately administered Hib-TT conjugate vaccine and MenC-CRM197 (MCC) vaccine (Hib plus MCC group). All children had been primed in infancy with a Hib vaccine. Antibodies against MenC were measured by a serum bactericidal assay using rabbit complement (rSBA-MenC) and antibodies against Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The rSBA-MenC titers ≥1:8 were demonstrated 3 years after vaccination in 64.2% and 53.2% of participants in the Hib-MenC group and in the Hib plus MCC group, respectively. Antipolyribosylribitol phosphate concentrations ≥0.15 µg/mL persisted in >98% of participants in both groups. The rSBA–MenC geometric mean titers and antipolyribosylribitol phosphate geometric mean concentrations remained higher 3 years after vaccination than before vaccination. No serious adverse events assessed by the investigator as being related to vaccination were reported. Conclusion: In this antibody persistence study of Hib-primed but MenC-naïve toddlers who received a single dose of Hib-MenC-TT, protective antibody levels against Hib and MenC were maintained in the majority of children 3 years after vaccination.
Antiretroviral Regimens Containing a Single Protease Inhibitor Increase Risk of Virologic Failure in Young HIV-infected Children

Rifampin-based tuberculosis treatment can cause subtherapeutic concentrations of protease inhibitors and virologic failure in children receiving antiretroviral therapy. Among 217 children on antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis cotreatment (in 78) was associated with virologic failure. Ritonavir-based single protease inhibitor antiretroviral therapy regimen predicted virologic failure (adjusted odds ratio 3.7, 95% confidence interval 1.5–8.9, P = 0.004) on multivariate analysis.
Polymicrobial Acute Respiratory Infections in a Hospital-based Pediatric Population

Background: The clinical impact of polymicrobial respiratory infections remains uncertain. Previous reports are contradictory regarding an association with severe disease. Methods: Three hundred forty-six specimens from children with acute respiratory illness identified at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Clinical Microbiology Laboratory were evaluated by direct immunofluorescent assay and/or viral culture by Clinical Microbiology Laboratory and later by molecular study for the presence of influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus and human bocavirus. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from medical records. Results: Multiple viruses were detected in 46 (21.7%) of 212 virus-positive specimens with the most frequent virus–virus combinations being HRV-respiratory syncytial virus (n = 12), HRV-human bocavirus (n = 6) and HRV-parainfluenza virus 3 (n = 4). Risk factors for coinfection included male gender (OR [odds ratio]: 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–3.46), 6 months to 1 year age (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 0.75–6.19) and history of immunosuppression (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 0.99–4.23). Children with viral coinfections were less likely than children with single virus infections to be admitted to an intensive care unit (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.08–1.27); however, this may be explained by undetected viral–bacterial coinfections. Conclusions: HRV, respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus, and polymicrobial infections were prevalent in this study. Although the cross-sectional design could not easily examine polymicrobial infection and disease severity, prospective, population-based research regarding the clinical impact of such infections is warranted.
Influence of Evidence Type and Narrative Type on HPV Risk Perception and Intention to Obtain the HPV Vaccine

This research examines the influence of evidence type (statistical, narrative, or hybrid) and narrative type (first-person or third-person) on risk perception about human papillomavirus (HPV) and behavioral intention to get the HPV vaccine. In total, 174 college students who had not received the HPV vaccine participated in a controlled experiment. Results show that the hybrid message containing both statistical and narrative descriptions of HPV resulted in greater perceived risk of getting HPV than either of the messages containing just one type of evidence—statistical or narrative. Moreover, the first-person narrative message led to greater risk perception about HPV than the third-person narrative message. Both evidence type and narrative type had an indirect effect on intention to get the HPV vaccine free of cost through HPV risk perception. Implications of the findings for vaccine risk communication are discussed.
DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE SYNECHOCOCCUS (CYANOBACTERIA) ON NITRATE VERSUS AMMONIUM ARE NOT DETERMINED SOLELY BY NITROGEN SOURCE REDOX STATE 1

The preference of phytoplankton for ammonium over nitrate has traditionally been explained by the greater metabolic cost of reducing oxidized forms of nitrogen. This “metabolic cost hypothesis” implies that there should be a growth disadvantage on nitrate compared to ammonium or other forms of reduced nitrogen such as urea, especially when light limits growth, but in a variety of phytoplankton taxa, this predicted difference has not been observed. Our experiments with three strains of marine Synechococcus (WH7803, WH7805, and WH8112) did not reveal consistently faster growth (cell division) on ammonium or urea as compared to nitrate. Urease and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities varied with nitrogen source in a manner consistent with regulation by cellular nitrogen status via NtcA (rather than by external availability of nitrogen) in all three strains and indicated that each strain experienced some degree of nitrogen insufficiency during growth on nitrate. At light intensities that strongly limited growth, the composition (carbon, nitrogen, and pigment quotas) of WH7805 cells using nitrate was indistinguishable from that of cells using ammonium, but at saturating light intensities, cellular carbon, nitrogen, and pigment quotas were significantly lower in cells using nitrate than ammonium. These and similar results from other phytoplankton taxa suggest that a limitation in some step of nitrate uptake or assimilation, rather than the extra cost of reducing nitrate per se, may be the cause of differences in growth and physiology between cells using nitrate and ammonium.