Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealing Hidden Substructures in the MBH–σ Diagram, and Refining the Bend in the L–σ Relation

Using 145 early- and late-type galaxies (ETGs and LTGs) with directly measured supermassive black hole masses, MBH, we build upon our previous discoveries that: (i) LTGs, most of which have been alleged to contain a pseudobulge, follow the relation M BH ∝ M * , sph 2.16 ± 0.32 ; and (ii) the ETG relation M BH ∝ M * , sph 1.27 ± 0.07 is an artifact of ETGs with/without disks following parallel M BH ∝ M * , sph 1.9 ± 0.2 relations that are offset by an order of magnitude in the MBH direction. Here, we searched for substructure in the diagram of MBH versus central velocity dispersion σ, using our recently published multi-component galaxy decompositions, by investigating divisions based on the presence of a depleted stellar core (major dry merger), a disk (minor wet/dry merger, gas accretion), or a bar (evolved unstable disk). The Sérsic and core-Sérsic galaxies define two distinct relations: M BH ∝ σ 5.75 ± 0.34 and M BH ∝ σ 8.64 ± 1.10 , with Δ rms ∣ BH = 0.55 and 0.46 dex, respectively. We also report on the consistency with the slopes and bends in the galaxy luminosity (L)–σ relation due to Sérsic and core-Sérsic ETGs, and LTGs that all have Sérsic light profiles. Two distinct relations (superficially) reappear in the MBH–σ diagram upon separating galaxies with/without a disk (primarily for the ETG sample), while we find no significant offset between barred and non-barred galaxies, nor between galaxies with/without active galactic nuclei. We also address selection biases purported to affect the scaling relations for dynamically measured MBH samples. Our new MBH–σ relations, dependent on morphological type, more precisely estimate MBH in other galaxies, and hold implications for galaxy/black hole coevolution theories, simulations, feedback, the pursuit of a black-hole fundamental plane, and calibration of virial f-factors for reverberation mapping.
Quantum algorithms for Second-Order Cone Programming and Support Vector Machines

We present a quantum interior-point method (IPM) for second-order cone programming (SOCP) that runs in time O~(nrζκδ2log⁡(1/ϵ)) where r is the rank and n the dimension of the SOCP, δ bounds the distance of intermediate solutions from the cone boundary, ζ is a parameter upper bounded by n, and κ is an upper bound on the condition number of matrices arising in the classical IPM for SOCP. The algorithm takes as its input a suitable quantum description of an arbitrary SOCP and outputs a classical description of a δ-approximate ϵ-optimal solution of the given problem.Furthermore, we perform numerical simulations to determine the values of the aforementioned parameters when solving the SOCP up to a fixed precision ϵ. We present experimental evidence that in this case our quantum algorithm exhibits a polynomial speedup over the best classical algorithms for solving general SOCPs that run in time O(nω+0.5) (here, ω is the matrix multiplication exponent, with a value of roughly 2.37 in theory, and up to 3 in practice). For the case of random SVM (support vector machine) instances of size O(n), the quantum algorithm scales as O(nk), where the exponent k is estimated to be 2.59 using a least-squares power law. On the same family random instances, the estimated scaling exponent for an external SOCP solver is 3.31 while that for a state-of-the-art SVM solver is 3.11.
Quantum Expectation-Maximization for Gaussian Mixture Models

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a fundamental tool in unsupervised machine learning. It is often used as an efficient way to solve Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation problems, especially for models with latent variables. It is also the algorithm of choice to fit mixture models: generative models that represent unlabelled points originating from $k$ different processes, as samples from $k$ multivariate distributions. In this work we define and use a quantum version of EM to fit a Gaussian Mixture Model. Given quantum access to a dataset of $n$ vectors of dimension $d$, our algorithm has convergence and precision guarantees similar to the classical algorithm, but the runtime is only polylogarithmic in the number of elements in the training set, and is polynomial in other parameters - as the dimension of the feature space, and the number of components in the mixture. We generalize further the algorithm in two directions. First, we show how to fit any mixture model of probability distributions in the exponential family. Then, we show how to use this algorithm to compute the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) estimate of a mixture model: the Bayesian approach to likelihood estimation problems. We discuss the performance of the algorithm on datasets that are expected to be classified successfully by those algorithms, arguing that on those cases we can give strong guarantees on the runtime.
Influence of seed invigoration treatments on germination and vigor of chickpea P

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of invigoration treatments on seed germination, seedling growth and vigor of aged seed of chickpea, by subjecting one year old seed of chickpea to various invigoration treatments viz., hydration, hydration followed by seed treatment with thiram, seed treatment with 50 ppm GA3, 2% KH2PO4, 2% CaCl2 and 2% KNO3 for 8 hours and osmoconditioning with -0.5 MPa PEG for 6 hours followed by shade drying to 9% moisture content. The invigorated aged seed along with untreated aged seed and fresh seed (check) was tested for germination and seedling quality. Among the invigoration treatments, seed treated with CaCl2 and osmo-conditioning with PEG showed significantly higher germination and other seed quality traits over untreated aged seed. The germination and seedling vigor index in CaCl2 treated seed were significantly higher than that in fresh seed also.
Forecasting Lightning Activity by Using an Explicit Charging and Discharging Scheme in WRF-ARW

Lightning and storm electrification schemes developed previously for simulation studies using numerical cloud models have been adapted to work with the microphysics of the operational Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-ARW). Lightning forecasts were evaluated in benchmark cases using convection-allowing (3 km horizontal grid spacing) model simulations of three contrasting convective systems: a continental squall line, a major hurricane (Rita 2005), and a winter storm. The areal coverage and magnitude of the simulated hourly flash origin density for the continental squall line were qualitatively comparable to that observed by a total lightning detection system. As was observed, no flashes were produced in the simulated winter storm case. The simulated spatial pattern of flash origin density of the hurricane and the gross charge structure in the eyewall were both in reasonable agreement with observations. Keywords—lightning forecast, lightning, numerical weather prediction, electrification
Variation in Scent Compounds of Oil-Bearing Rose ( Rosa damascena Mill . ) Produced by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction , Hydrodistillation and Solvent Extraction

In this research, rose oil and rose water were hydro-distilled from the fresh oil-bearing rose flowers (Rosa damascena Mill.) using Clevenger-type apparatus. Rose concretes were extracted from the fresh rose flowers by using non-polar solvents, e.g. diethyl ether, petroleum ether, cyclo-hexane, chloroform and n-hexane, and subsequently by evaporation of the solvents under vacuum. Absolutes were produced from the concretes with ethyl alcohol extraction at -20°C, leaving behind the wax and other paraffinic substances. Scent compounds of all these products detected by gas chromatography (GC-FID/GC-MS) were compared with the natural scent compounds of fresh rose flower detected by using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fiber. A total of 46 compounds analysis were identified by HSSPME-GC-MS in the fresh flower, and a total of 15 compounds were identified by GC-MS in the hydrodistilled rose oil. While main compounds in rose oil were geraniol (35.4%), citronellol (31.6%), and nerol (15.3%), major compound in fresh rose flower, rose water and residue water was phenylethyl alcohol (43.2, 35.6 and 98.2%, respectively). While the highest concrete yield (0.7%) was obtained from diethyl ether extraction, the highest absolute yield (70.9%) was obtained from the n-hexane concrete. The diethyl ether concrete gave the highest productivity of absolute, as 249.7 kg of fresh rose flowers was needed to produce 1 kg of absolute.
Structure elucidation of �-stigmasterol and �-sitosterol from Scsbania urandittorallinn

The flowers of Sesbania grandiflora (Linn.) Pers. afforded a 3:2 mixture of [3-stigmasterol (la) and [3-sitosterol (lb), and oleanolic acid (2), while the leaves of Heliotropium indicum Linn. yielded [3-carotene (3), lutein ( 4), a mixture of polyprenols (5), and a mixture ofb-stigmasterol and b-sitosterol. The structures of la, lb, and 3 were elucidated by extensive lD and 2D NMR analyses. Antimicrobial activity tests on 3 indicated that it has high activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger, slight activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and inactive against Bacillus subtilis.
Phthalimide containing donor-acceptor polymers for effective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes have been dispersed by novel phthalimide containing donor-acceptor type copolymers in organic media. Brominated phthal imide comonomer has been copolymerized with several electron rich structures using Suzuki and Stille co upling reactions. Carbon nanotube dispersion capabi lity of the resultant polymers has been assessed by exploiting the non-covalent interaction of nanotube surface wi th the πsystem of conjugated backbone of polymers. Four pol ymers have been found to be good candidates for ind ividually dispersing nanotubes in solution. In order to ident ify the dispersed nanotube species, 2D excitation-e mission map and Raman spectroscopy have been performed. Molecul ar dynamics modelling has been utilized to reveal t he binding energies of dispersants with the nanotube s urface and the simulation results have been compare d with the experimental findings. Both experimental and theore tical results imply the presence of a complex mecha nism that governs the extent of dispersion capacity and selec tivity of each conjugated polymeric dispersant in s olubilizing carbon nanotubes.
Failure-Resilient Routing for Server-Centric Data Center Networks with Random Topologies

Data center networks with random topologies provide several promising features, such as near-optimal bisection bandwidth and flexibility of incremental growth. However, network failures are ubiquitous and significantly affect the performance of cloud services, such as availability and bandwidth. Existing random topology based data centers do not provide specific fault-tolerance mechanisms to recover the network from failures and to protect network performance from downgrading. In this work, we design FTDC, a faulttolerant network and its routing protocols. FTDC is developed to provide high-bandwidth and flexibility to data center applications and achieve fault tolerance in a self-fixing manner. Upon failures, the nodes automatically explore valid paths to deliver packets to the destination by exchanging control packets. FTDC is a generalized solution that can be applied to multiple existing data center topologies. Experimental results show that FTDC demonstrates high performance with very little extra overhead during network failures.
Determinants of auditor independence : A comparison of the perceptions of auditors and non-auditors in Lagos , Nigeria

Audit independence refers to the ability of the external auditor to act with integrity and impartiality during his/her auditing functions. Public opinions about audit independence are based more on their perception of auditor independence than on actual independence. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of auditor independence as perceived by practicing auditors, and non-auditor executives. Particularly, this paper studies perception about the effects of provision of non-audit services, audit firm and client company size, auditor regulation, audit/client relations, auditor tenure, and audit market competition in the Nigerian context. This study uses a survey method to study the determinants of perceptions of auditor independence among auditors and non-auditor professionals. Twenty statements were included in the questionnaire representing the seven variables of interest. Seventy-nine auditors and 127 non-auditor professionals were included in the final sample. The results show that there is a general agreement about the factors that enhance auditor independence, and those that impair auditor independence between the two groups however there were differences in the degree to which they affect auditor independence.
Chapter 2 Signal Acquisition and Preprocessing

This chapter describes the detailed settings of the knee joint vibroarthrographic signal acquisition system. The text also presents a cascade moving average filter method to estimate the baseline wander in the raw signal, along with the combination of the ensemble empirical mode decomposition and detrended fluctuation analysis algorithms to remove the random noise. The filtering techniques for reduction of muscle contraction interference are also reviewed in the chapter. 2.1 Signal Analysis Procedures The common flowchart of VAG signal analysis procedures is shown in Fig. 2.1. The data acquisition system collects the raw time series and conditions the signal with bandpass filters and amplifiers. The task of the signal preprocessing procedure is to remove the artifacts in the raw signal. Such artifacts mainly include baseline wander, random noise, and periodical power-line interference. With the artifactfree signal, several computational methods can then be employed to study the signal in the time scale or time-frequency domain. Advanced approaches can also be applied to characterize the fractal and statistical properties of the VAG signal. The distinct features extracted from the signal provide the particular information about the signal variability and complexity in waveform shifting, frequency range, or statistics [16–18]. The feature computing procedure mainly focuses on combining and refining the most informative feature sets, by using feature selection or mapping techniques [20]. Finally, the pattern analysis tools can be utilized to distinguish the pathological signals recorded from symptomatic patients and the normal signals recorded from healthy subjects [3, 28, 34]. 2.2 Signal Acquisition As shown in Fig. 2.2, VAG signals can be recorded with one or more accelerometers [9, 21, 22] or an electro-stethoscope [8]. The sensor can be taped to the subject’s patella [21, 22, 24], middle of the patella [9, 24, 38], lateral condyle of the tibia © The Author(s) 2015 Y. Wu, Knee Joint Vibroarthrographic Signal Processing and Analysis, SpringerBriefs in Bioengineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-44284-5_2 17 18 2 Signal Acquisition and Preprocessing Signal Preprocessing Feature Computing and Pattern Classifications VAG Signal Acquisition Spatiotemporal/ Time-Frequency/ Statistical Analysis Fig. 2.1 Diagram of knee joint VAG signal analysis methodology
Anatomical & Histological Study to Explore Possible Connections Between Ascending Aorta & Pulmonary trunk

Introduction: Our previous study described additional connection between ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk with absence of Tendon of Infundibulum in between them. But no comprehensive study was conducted so far regarding the detailed analysis of the structure of such connections. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted taking fifty-seven formalin fixed cadaveric specimens. All specimens were dissected between the aortic and pulmonary roots to detect the tendon of infundibulum or any other connection. Any measurement was taken by digital calipers. Observations: No fascial band was found at the root of ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. But additional band like connections were observe in between them fifty-four cases. The Haematoxylin-Eosin Masson’s Trichrome, Verhoeff’s & Gomori’s Silver stains revealed variable composition of such connections. Among them 70.3 percent connections showed a dens zone inside. Conclusion: The prime fibre of the connections are collagen. But the dense zone inside the connection showed a variable composition of collagen, elastic & reticulin fibres.
STRICT LOCAL MARTINGALES AND BUBBLES BY CONSTANTINOS KARDARAS, DÖRTE KREHER1

This paper deals with asset price bubbles modeled by strict local martingales. With any strict local martingale, one can associate a new measure, which is studied in detail in the first part of the paper. In the second part, we determine the “default term” apparent in risk-neutral option prices if the underlying stock exhibits a bubble modeled by a strict local martingale. Results for certain path dependent options and last passage time formulas are given.
Proportional fairness in heavy traffic : process limit convergence and insensitivity of the limit process

Proportional fairness is a popular service allocation mechanism to describe and analyze the performance of data networks at flow level. Recently, several authors have shown that the invariant distribution of networks operating according to proportional fairness admits a product form distribution under critical loading. They focus however on exponential job size distributions, leaving the case of general job size distributions as an open question. Motivated by this, we consider a network operating under proportional fairness where the job size distributions belong to a dense class of distributions. We establish a heavy-traffic process limit theorem and show that the invariant distribution of the limit process is determined by the first moments of the job sizes. Our analysis relies on a uniform convergence result for a fluid model, which is of independent interest. AMS subject classification: 60K25, 68M20, 90B15
Optical evidences of the inception mechanisms of natural bipolar cloud-to-ground lightning

High-speed video records of two bipolar cloud-toground flashes were analyzed in detail. They were both initiated by single positive return strokes and were followed by more than one subsequent negative stroke. Due to the elevated cloud-base height of its parent thunderstorm, the initiation processes of each subsequent stroke could be registered optically below cloud base. In the first event (Case 1) it was possible to observe that all four subsequent negative strokes were initiated by recoil leaders that retraced one horizontal channel segment previously ionized by the positive leader that preceded the first stroke. Those recoil leaders connected to the original vertical channel segment and propagated towards ground, producing four subsequent strokes that had the same ground contact point of the original positive discharge. The second event (Case 2), on the other hand, presented fifteen subsequent strokes that were initiated by recoil leaders that did not reach the original channel of the positive stroke. They diverged vertically towards ground, making contact approximately 11 kilometers away from the original positive strike point. These are the first optical evidences that both singleand multiple-channel bipolar flashes occur as a consequence of recoil leader activity in the branches of the initial positive return stroke. For both events their total channel length increased progressively with time at a growth rate equivalent to a propagation speed of the order of 10 m/s, comparable to those reported for typical positive leaders. Keywords— Lightning; Bipolar Lightning; High-Speed Cameras; Lightning Location Systems; Inception Mechanism
A Study on Abrasive Wear and Corrosion Behaviour of Boronized AISI 8640 Cast Steel

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of boronizing heat treatment on the wear properties and corrosion behaviour of the AISI 8640cast steel. X-ray results show that boride film contained FeB, Fe2B phases. The boride layer thickness and hardness raised with an increasing boronizing temperature and time.it has been found that the abrasive wear loss of the boron steels decreases because of wear tests. As a result, the boronizing process contributed positively on the change of wear mechanism of the AISI 8640 steel. Severe plastic deformation wear mechanism was observed on samples, whereas micro-ploughing wear mechanism was observed on samples boronized at 950 o C for 2h and 8h. Boronized steels exhibited a higher corrosion resistance than that of unboronized steels. Kerword: AISI 8640 steel, Boronizing, Corrosion, Abrasive wear.
Vocational Skill Competence of Agricultural Science Teachers and Youth Empowerment in Rivers State Nnodim , A . U &

The study was carried out to ascertain the vocational skills competence of agricultural science teachers in secondary schools in Rivers State, and its implications for youth empowerment. It was a survey study, conducted in 120 secondary schools out of a total of 245, with a sample size of 360 teachers purposively chosen. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, designed in the pattern of Likert 5point rating scale of SA-5; A4; U3; D-2; SD-1 respectively. Data obtained were analysed with Mean and Standard Deviation, while the hypothesis was tested with z-test statistics at 0.05% significant level. The study found that agricultural science teachers lack most of the vocational skills in agricultural science content areas of crop, livestock and fishery production. Findings also show that poor facilities and inadequate training among others constrained the effectiveness of teacher’s skills acquisition, and negatively affects youth empowerment, especially in agriculture. The study therefore, recommended that agricultural science teachers should be given adequate training even as teachers to acquire skills and update their knowledge in agriculture, while facilities and other skill training equipment be provided in the schools.
Stock Price Reactions to Dividend Announcements

Stock market efficiency has been of considerable importance in finance literature. Three forms of efficient market hypothesis (EMH) have been examined by researchers and analysts. This paper examines the stock price reactions to dividends, one of the publicly available information, to test the semi-strong form of EMH. The study is based on the dividend announcements of 149 companies which are part of the BSE-200 Index that announced dividends for the financial year 2002. To test the stock price reactions, the expected returns are found out by regressing the daily returns of companies and market index for the period January 1998 up to the relevant date applicable to companies. Based on these results, abnormal returns, average abnormal returns (AAR) and cumulative average abnormal returns (CAAR) are worked out for 29 days prior to and 30 days after the dividend announcement (event) date. The analysis of the results shows that AARs do not approximate to zero and CAARs show wide fluctuations indicating that abnormal returns can be earned several days after the event day. CAARs show that abnormal returns can be earned 24 days after the event day. From this we conclude that Indian market is not efficient in the semi-strong form.