Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Panchromatic SED modelling of spatially-resolved galaxies

We test the efficacy of the energy-balance spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code Magphys for recovering the spatially-resolved properties of a simulated isolated disc galaxy, for which it was not designed. We perform 226,950 Magphys SED fits to regions between 0.2kpc and 25kpc in size across the galaxy's disc, viewed from three different sight-lines, to probe how well Magphys can recover key galaxy properties based on 21 bands of UV--far-infrared model photometry. Magphys yields statistically acceptable fits to $> 99$ per cent of the pixels within the $r$-band effective radius and between 59 and 77 per cent of pixels within 20kpc of the nucleus. Magphys is able to recover the distribution of stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), specific SFR, dust luminosity, dust mass, and $V$-band attenuation reasonably well, especially when the pixel size is $> \sim1$ kpc, whereas non-standard outputs (stellar metallicity and mass-weighted age) are recovered less well. Accurate recovery is more challenging in the smallest sub-regions of the disc (pixel scale $< \sim 1$ kpc), where the energy balance criterion becomes increasingly incorrect. Estimating integrated galaxy properties by summing the recovered pixel values, the true integrated values of all parameters considered except metallicity and age are well recovered at all spatial resolutions, ranging from 0.2kpc to integrating across the disc, albeit with some evidence for resolution-dependent biases. These results must be considered when attempting to analyse the structure of real galaxies with actual observational data, for which the `ground truth' is unknown.
Financial Distress and Corporate Governance around Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy

United States faced a growing number of corporate bankruptcies during the subprime crisis. This article is intended to determine the effectiveness of some governance mechanisms on the financial distress probability of companies over the period 2007–2009. This period is divided into two parts; we take the date of filing for chapter 11 of the company Lehman Brothers (15 December, 2008) as the cutting point between the mortgage and the financial phases of the crisis. Aiming to highlight the influence of corporate governance mechanisms on financial distress probability, we then use, for each sub period, logit models on paired samples of firms which half opted for legal protection due to financial and commercial difficulties. Our results indicate that, during the first sub period, combining the functions of CEO and chairman of the board of directors is beneficial to the survival of the firm, whereas, during the second sub period, capital ownership by the CEO appears to be an incentive to keep the firm on float. This paper seeks to add to the corporate governance literature by considering how certain corporate governance mechanisms impacted the perennity of companies during the subprime crisis.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF NOSEMA SPECIES IN EAST- AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE, IRAN

Nosema is a genus of microsporidia, which have significant negative impacts on honeybees. The aim of this study is the epidemiological evaluation and molecular characterization of Nosema spices in various counties of East-Azerbaijan province (Northwest of Iran). 387 samples were collected from colonies maintained in various counties of East-Azerbaijan province. Samples after preparation were examined by a light microscope for presence of Nosema spores. PCR method (SSUrRNA gene) was used to differentiate between Nosema apis (N. apis) and N. ceranae. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Total infection prevalence of the microscopic evaluation and PCR tests were 225 (58.1%) and 260 (67.1%) respectively, total validity of PCR test against the microscopic test was computed equal to 1.1 in this case. Disease distribution in various counties of study area was variable and N. ceranae was the only Nosema species found to infect honeybees. The one species presence and different distribution of Nosema positive samples in various counties of East-Azerbaijan province may be due to multiple reasons. Furthermore, epidemiological information helps us to improve disease management practices in the studied area, apply new hygiene policy and reduce extra costs of production.
Examining the Effect of Joint and Dual Audits on Earnings Management Practices

The purpose of the paper is to determine the impact of the voluntary adoption of the joint external audit approach in reducing earnings management practices through accruals and real operations compared with the adoption of the dual external audit approach. The research follows a quantitative approach to collect and analyze data from companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange during the period 2010-2014. 104 firm-year observations are tested in the sample. The findings of the empirical study shows evidence that there are consistent earnings management practices in the studied sample regardless of the type of audit (joint or dual). There is a negative association between joint audit and discretionary accruals compared to dual audit. This means that firms with joint audit are less engaged in accrual earnings management practices. In addition, large firms that adopt joint audit are less engaged in accrual earnings management. However, there is no effect of joint audit on real earnings management practices compared to dual audit. Our results are consistent for firm size, profitability and leverage. Both firm profitability and leverage show positive association with earnings management practices while size did not have a significant effect on either type of practice. Finally, we find that firms with high (low) profitability that adopt joint audits are less (more) likely to engage in real earnings management practices. Our results are of use to regulators, external auditors and investors.
Econometrics analysis of soybean production in Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

The study is on economic analysis of soybean production in Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of soybeans farmers and estimate the production function for soybeans in the study area, estimate the cost and return of soybeans production. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents. Primary data were collected with a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; mean percentage and frequency and production function. The result showed that the soybeans farmers were mostly young people, married, and literate with large household sizes. Also, 88.3% of the farmers cultivated less than one hectare, while 11% cultivated between 1.0 to 2.0 hectares of land. The estimated production function had a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.943, implying that about 94.3% variation in the output of soybeans were accounted for by seed and labour, that increase in any of the variables will lead to increase in output of soybeans. The study, therefore, recommended that improved inputs be made available on time, in right amounts and at affordable prices to the farmers by the government and other stakeholders in other to enhance production.
Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis for Cold Tolerance at the Booting Stage in a Rice Cultivar, Hatsushizuku

We evaluated cold tolerance at the booting stage on the basis of seed fertility after cool-water treatment for three years (2005-2007) in 114 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) between temperate japonicas, Kirara397 (cold-sensitive) and Hatsushizuku (cold-tolerant). Composite interval mapping (CIM) was performed to identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) for cold tolerance. A QTL for cold tolerance at the booting stage was reproducibly detected in three trials on chromosome 1. Contribution of the QTL to the phenotypic variation ranged from 16.2 to 47.3%, and their additive effects were all towards Hatsushizuku. We also analyzed QTL for heading time and culm length, which are thought to affect cold tolerance. A QTL for heading time and that for culm length was detected every three years on the neighboring regions of chromosome 10, while no QTL for the two traits was detected on chromosome 1. These results suggest that the QTL on chromosome 1 has a major effect on the variation of cold tolerance between Kirara397 and Hatsushizuku without affecting heading time and culm length.
An updated list of AGILE brightγ-ray sources and their variability in pointing mode

Aims. We present a variability study of a sample of bright γ-ray (30 Mev−50 Gev) sources. This sample is an extension of the first AGILE catalogue of γ-ray sources (1AGL), obtained using the complete set of AGILE observations in pointing mode performed during a 2.3 year period from July 9, 2007 until October 30, 2009. Methods. The dataset of AGILE pointed observations covers a long time interval and its γ-ray data archive is useful for monitoring studies of medium-to-high brightness γ-ray sources. In the analysis reported here, we used data obtained with an improved event filter that covers a wider field of view, on a much larger (about 27.5 months) dataset, integrating data on observation block time scales, which mostly range from a few days to thirty days. Results. The data processing resulted in a better characterized source list than 1AGL was, and includes 54 sources, 7 of which are new high galactic latitude (|BII |≥ 5) sources, 8 are new sources on the galactic plane, and 20 sources from the previous catalogue with revised positions. Eight 1AGL sources (2 high-latitude and 6 on the galactic plane) were not detected in the final processing either because of low OB exposure and/or due to their position in complex galactic regions. We report the results in a catalogue of all the detections obtained in each single OB, including the variability results for each of these sources. In particular, we found that 12 sources out of 42 or 11 out of 53 are variable, depending on the variability index used, where 42 and 53 are the number of sources for which these indices could be calculated. Seven of the 11 variable sources are blazars, the others are Crab pulsar+nebula, LS I +61 ◦ 303, Cyg X-3, and 1AGLR J2021+4030.
Developmental trends in semantic fluency in preschool children

Abstract Semantic fluency is a measure of verbal functioning and cognitive flexibility. Its development is particularly rapid in preschool years. The goal of this study was to examine semantic fluency in preschool children in relation to child’s age and gender. The sample for this study comprised 133 children aged 3–6 years (mean age = 56.7 months; SD = 11.1 months) from Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In relation to child’s gender, there were 62 girls (46.6%) and 71 boys (53.8%). We used three different semantic fluency categories: animals, food and music instruments. The results of this study confirmed the effect of age on semantic fluency improvement. However, there were slightly different developmental trends for boys and girls in semantic fluency tasks. Girls achieved higher mean scores in all three semantic fluency tasks, but statistically significant differences were only for the category of music instruments. Given the rapid growth in semantic fluency in preschool children, it is very important to actively promote its development in early years.
Ensemble X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei from serendipitous source catalogues

Context. The X-ray variability of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) has been most often investigated with studies of individual, nearby sources, and only a few ensemble analyses have been applied to large samples in wide ranges of luminosity and redshift. Aims. We aim to determine the ensemble variability properties of two serendipitously selected AGN samples extracted from the catalogues of XMM-Newton and Swift, with redshift between ∼0. 2a nd∼4.5, and X-ray luminosities, in the 0.5–4.5 keV band, between ∼10 43 erg/ sa nd∼10 46 erg/s. Methods. We used the structure function (SF), which operates in the time domain, and allows for an ensemble analysis even when only a few observations are available for individual sources and the power spectral density (PSD) cannot be derived. The SF is also more appropriate than fractional variability and excess variance, because these parameters are biased by the duration of the monitoring time interval in the rest-frame, and therefore by cosmological time dilation. Results. We find statistically consistent results for the two samples, with the SF described by a power law of the time lag, approximately as SF ∝ τ 0.1 . We do not find evidence of the break in the SF, at variance with the case of lower luminosity AGNs. We confirm a strong anti-correlation of the variability with X-ray luminosity, accompanied by a change of the slope of the SF. We find evidence in support of a weak, intrinsic, average increase of X-ray variability with redshift. Conclusions. The change of amplitude and slope of the SF with X-ray luminosity provides new constraints on both single oscillator models and multiple subunit models of variability.
Exploring the basis of thermotolerance in the reef coral Goniastrea aspera

The shallow-water reef coral Goniastrea aspera Verill 1865 has previously been reported to demonstrate differences in within-colony susceptibility to bleaching at elevated sea tem- peratures; parts of the colony which are exposed to the highest solar radiation are more thermotoler- ant than areas which are less exposed. In this paper, we show that at elevated experimental sea tem- perature the 'high light' surfaces lose fewer symbiotic algae, have lower levels of oxidative stress, higher levels of host antioxidant-enzyme copper zinc superoxidase dismutase (CuZnSOD), and host heat-shock proteins 60 and 70, compared to the less exposed surfaces. In addition, 'high light' sur- faces show less chronic photoinhibition and greater Photosystem II (PS II) recovery potential when exposed to high irradiance at ambient sea temperature. In contrast, no differences were noted in algal defences (e.g. antioxidant enzymes and stress protein production, and xanthophyll cycling) either at elevated or ambient temperatures. These results are noteworthy because they suggest that corals which acclimatise to high irradiance can, as a result, develop increased thermotolerance which may prevent bleaching at high sea temperatures. Importantly, they also demonstrate the significance of the host tissues in maintaining the intact symbiosis of G. aspera under thermal stress.
Executive Remuneration And Firm Performance: Evidence From A Panel Of Mutual Organisations

The empirical relationship between the remuneration of: the highest paid director (HPD), mean Board remuneration (Director), and the Chairperson of the Board (Chair) and firm- level performance is examined on a panel of mutual building societies over the 1991 to 1996 period. Two measures of performance are employed: profitability and the change in total factor productivity (TFP). A strong positive relationship between profitability and pay is found for the HPD but not for the Director or Chair. The relationship between pay and TFP change is generally weak for all three measures of executive remuneration. A strong relationship between size and the executive remuneration measures is found, particularly for the Director. Although there is evidence of pay being used as a governance device, the pay-size relationship is consistent with managerial theories of the firm. Surprisingly, our results are similar to those reported for joint stock firms.
A Standardized Approach for Spleen Trauma in the Children

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of pediatric blunt spleen trauma patients who were treated with a standard fluid protocol. Patients and Method: Children who were treated in a university hospital for blunt spleen trauma between 2012 and 2015 were included. Age, gender, mechanism of the injury, spleen injury scale, concomitant injuries, hemoglobin levels, thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis, administration of blood and blood products, and hospital stay duration and results were evaluated. The fluid requirements of the stable children were calculated according to Holliday-Segar equation. The fluid intake of the children was adjusted so that the urine output was 1 ml/kg/h. Results: Totally 28 children who were at the age of 3-18 years were evaluated. Injury grade(G) was G1 in 3 patients, G2 in 12 patients, G3 in 10 patients, G4 in 2 patients, and G5 in 1 patient. There were no side effects related to the fluid protocol and the monitoring of the urinary output was helpful. Grade 5 patient needed an immediate splenectomy. Thrombocytosis was developed in four patients during the hospitalization and it suggested an impaired clearance of spleen in Grade 4 patients. Re-bleeding developed in one G3 patient after discharge. No mortality was observed. Conclusion: Our management protocol was successfully applied and spleen loss was observed only in a case of grade 5 injury. Adjusting the fluid volume according to the urinary output prevented volume overload and re-bleeding. Thrombocytosis may occur after severe splenic trauma and it should be carefully followed up.
Effect of mechanical scarification, chilling, and gibberellic acid on germination of Leucaena leucocephala seeds

Leucaena leucocephala is a tree species used for several agricultural purposes in Mediterranean region. The seeds of these species exhibit dormancy causing delayed germination. A series of experiments evaluated the effects of various treatments on the germination of leucaena leucocephela L. seeds. Germination of fresh seeds was 46% but it was improved (to about 70%) by mechanical scarification using sand paper. A germination of about 60% was obtained when dry seeds were pre-chilled at 4 ̊C for 2,3 and 4 weeks prior to germination that various storage periods of pre-chilling had no influence upon germination enhancement of seeds. Exposure of seeds to -18 ̊C inhibited germination in comparison to the control. There was no significant increase in germination percentage after cold treatment. Maximum improvement being achieved when seeds were kept dry under alternating cold/ warm temperatures for 8days at two day intervals prior to germination, since germination percentage increased to 73%. A significant promotion was recorded when seeds treated with 100 mg/l GA3 prior to germination and that pre-chilled treatment improved germination percentage compared with those un-chilled the maximum (70%) at 100 mg/l of GA3.The effect of nutrient media on seed germination was studied on MS and B5 media after being stored for one week in refrigerator (at 4°C) or in the freezer (-18°C). The germination percentage of Leucaena seeds cultured on MS medium showed a significant increase over the control for those stored one week at 4°C, when the effect of B5 medium on seed germination was found to be similar to the control (50%) for seeds stored one week at 4°C. These results demonstrate that alternating temperatures (cold/warm) provide faster and highest germination percentage and could be secured at low cost which would be adequate to large scale treatment of Leucaena leucocephala seeds.
Effect of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) Calyx in Laying Hen Diet on Egg Production Performance, Egg Quality and TBARS Value in Plasma and Yolk

บทคดยอ ศกษาผลการใชกระเจยบแดง 2 รปแบบ ในอาหารไกไขตอ สมรรถภาพการผลตไข คณภาพไข และคา TBARS ในพลาสมาและไขแดง โดยใชไกไขพนธซพบราวนอาย 33 สปดาห จำนวน 270 ตว สมไกไขออกเปน 6 กลม กลมละ 5 ซำๆ ละ 9 ตว อาหารทดลองประกอบดวย อาหารควบคม อาหารควบคมทเสรม α-tocopheryl acetateในระดบ 250 มก. /กก. อาหารทประกอบดวยสารสกดหยาบกระเจยบแดงในระดบรอยละ 1 และ 2 และอาหารทประกอบดวยกระเจยบแดงผงในระดบรอยละ 2 และ 4 เกบขอมลสมรรถภาพการผลตไข คณภาพไข และวดคา TBARS ในพลาสมาและไขแดงหลงจากทไกไดรบอาหารทดลองเปนเวลา 4 และ 8 สปดาห รวมทงวดคาTBARS ในไขแดงหลงจากเกบรกษาไขเปนระยะเวลา 10 และ 20 วนในตเยนและอณหภมหอง ผลการทดลองพบวาไมมความแตกตางทางสถตในเรองสมรรถภาพการผลตไข คณภาพไข และคา TBARS ในพลาสมาและไขแดงในสปดาหท 4 และ 8 ระหวางกลมทดลอง (p>0.05) กระเจยบแดงมแนวโนมวาจะชวยลดคา TBARS ในไขแดงทเกบรกษา ขณะทคา TBARS ในไขแดงเพมขนอยางมนยสำคญเมอระยะเวลาในการเกบรกษาเพมขนในทง 2 วธการเกบรกษา ผลการทดลองสรปไดวาการใชกระเจยบแดงทง 2 รปแบบ และ 2 ระดบ ไมสงผลเสยตอผลผลตไขและคณภาพไข กระเจยบแดงไมสามารถแสดงผลใหเหนเดนชดในการเปนสารตานออกซเดชน อาจเนองมาจากระดบความเขมขนของสารประกอบฟนอลกในกระเจยบแดงทเสรม ระยะเวลาในการเกบรกษาเปนปจจยสำคญทมผลตอการลดลงของคณภาพไขและการเพมขนของคา TBARS ในไขแดงในทง 2 วธการเกบรกษา คำสำคญ: สมรรถภาพการผลตไข คณภาพไข Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn ไกไข คาTBARS กระเจยบแดง Abstract An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Roselle calyx in two preparation forms in layerdiets on egg production performance, egg quality and TBARS value in plasma and yolk. Two hundred and seventy,33-week-old, CP Brown laying hens were randomly allocated into 6 treatments with 5 replications of 9 hens each.The dietary treatments were control diet, control diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg α-tocopheryl acetate, dietcontaining 1 and 2% of Roselle calyx crude extracts, and diet containing 2% and 4% Roselle calyx powder. Eggproduction performance was recorded, egg quality was measured and TBARS value in plasma and yolk wereanalyzed after fed experimental diets for 4 and 8 weeks. Yolk TBARS after storage for 10 and 20 days in refrigeratorand room temperature were also determined. The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in eggproduction performance and egg quality and TBARS value in plasma and yolk at the 4th and 8th week amongtreatment groups (p>0.05). Roselle calyx tended to decrease TBARS value in yolk (p>0.05) while TBARS value in yolksignificantly increased when storage times increased (p<0.01) in both storage methods. In conclusion, both forms andlevels of Roselle had no adverse effect on egg production and egg quality. As an antioxidant, Roselle could not clearlyshow antioxidant activity. This may be due to the concentration of phenolic compound level in supplementedRoselle. Storage time was an important factor to decrease egg quality and increase TBARS value in yolk in bothstorage methods. Keywords: egg production performance, egg quality, Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. , laying hen, Roselle, TBARS value
The response of Monoterpenes to Different Enzyme Preparations in Gewürztraminer (Vitis vinifera L.) Wines

The α-terpineol, linalool, nerol and geraniol, which are the main aromatic monoterpenes in the grapevine variety Gewurztraminer, were determined in the grapes, must and wine after treatment with six different pectolytic enzymes [Lallzyme-β (‘Lall’); Rohavin VR-C (‘VRX’), Rohapect D5L (‘D5L’), Rohavin MX (‘MX’), Rohapect VRC (‘VRC’), Endozym cultivar A (‘Cult. A’)], and after treatment with β-glucosidase (βG, EC 3.2.1.21). The concentrations of monoterpenic compounds were determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS. The most abundant monoterpene in the grapes of Gewurztraminer was geraniol (66.7 μg/L), followed by nerol (13.3 μg/L), α-terpineol (7.8 μg/L) and finally linalool (3.3 μg/L). Gewurztraminer wine from must treated with the Lall enzyme preparation was the most aromatic, which was also confirmed by chemical and sensory analysis in which the concentrations of nerol (45.9 μg/L), geraniol (31.8 μg/L), α-terpineol (10.5 μg/L) and linalool (6.1 μg/L) were determined. The wines produced from must treated chemically with enzymes showed higher concentrations of many of the monoterpene compounds compared to the control, although the sensorial analysis did not affirm this convincingly.