Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adrenal Cortical Stress Effects in Senility *

Five groups of subjects (normal young persons, normal old persons, young persons with functional psychosis, persons with senile dementia and old schizophrenics), each comprising 5 men and 5 women, were blindfolded for one half hour. Samples of blood and saliva were taken immediately before, immediately after and 3 1/2 hours after blindfolding. The sodium-potassium ratio was determined in the saliva and the number of eosinophils was counted in each sample of blood. Prior to blindfolding, young persons with functional psychoses had the highest eosinophil count of all the subjects, the counts of this group being significantly higher than those of normal old persons. Moreover, differences between the former group and normal young subjects or old persons with senile dementia were of borderline significance. In response to blindfolding, normal young subjects showed a significant eosinopenia, as did also the senile dementia patients. However, in the former case, the eosinopenia was apparent immediately after blindfolding, but not 3 to 4 hours later. The senile dementia patients on the other hand presented no immediate eosinopenia but showed a very significant change 3 to 4 hours later. The remaining groups showed no significant change in the number of circulating eosinophils in response to blindfolding. In the case of the salivary Na/K ratio the senile dementia and elderly schizophrenic subjects had significantly higher values than the other groups prior to blindfolding. In response to blindfolding, the normal young subjects showed a significant increase in the Na/K immediately after blindfolding with a return to normal 3 to 4 hours later. On the other hand, old schizophrenics showed a significant decline immediately after blindfolding with a persistence of low values 3 to 4 hours later. All other groups showed no significant change as a result of blindfolding. These studies provided physiological tests for distinguishing senile dementia from schizophrenia in elderly psychotics. Also, because of the inverse relationship between the change in the level of the circulating eosinophils and salivary Na/K ratio on the one hand and the change of the level the sugar- and salt-action hormones of the adrenal cortex on the other, it is suggested that the elderly schizophrenic reacts to blindfolding by an immediate increase in the output of salt-active corticoids, while the senile dementia patients reacts to the same stress by a delayed increase in the output of sugar-active corticoids.
Categorical Decisions , Rating Judgments , and Information Preservation

Research using rating measures has yielded strong evidence that perception is continuous. Nevertheless, it is possible that perception is discrete but that rating data result from different mental processes than identification measures. For Experiment 1, subjects provided identifications alone or identifications and goodness ratings for stimuli from a matrix of handwritten words. The two measures were found to be simply and directly related, and no evidence was found that identification responses change when ratings are collected for the same stimulus exposure. Moreover, an extension of the Fuzzy Logical Model of Perception that specifies the relationship between identifications and ratings provided a close quantitative account of the data. These findings were replicated under more limited exposure conditions in Experiment 2. These results support the conclusions that (1) rating and identification measures reflect the same perceptual processes and (2) that perception is continuous.
Stenting after ureteroscopy for ureteral lithiasis: results of a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES Routine ureteral stenting after ureteroscopy for stone removal is common. However ureteral stent negatively impact quality of life and can cause significant morbidity. This study was carried out to report our experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 529 patients underwent ureteroscopy for the treatment of ureteral stones. In 436 pts (82%) a stent was placed, in 281 double J (removed within 2-4 weeks) and in 155 mono J (removed within 24 h). Ninethy-three did not received stenting. At 24 hour the mesaured outcomes were post operative pain, fever and hematuria, at 4 weeks need for hospital care (readmission or visit in the clinic) for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), hematuria, fever or pain. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between two groups regarding the complications at 24 hour after the treatment ( pain p = 0.6, fever = 0.7, hematuria p = 0.8). At 4 weeks after the ureteroscopy the incidence of LUTS, hematuria, pain and fever requiring the need for hospital care (readmission or visit in the clinic) was higher in the group with double J stent respect to the group with mono J stent (p < 0.05). At 3 months follow-up no difference was oberved between the two groups regarding stone-free rate and incidence of ureteral stricture formation. CONCLUSIONS Routine stenting is necessary after ureteroscopy for ureteral lithiasis to prevent pain and fever without difference in stone free rate and incidence of stricture formation rate between the two groups. LUTS, hematuria and/or pain needing for hospital care were more frequent in the group with double J stent in spite of high stone free rate and low incidence of stricture formation. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to assess the role of using "short" and "long-term" stenting after ureteroscopy lithotripsy, considering that the choice actually depends on the surgeon's intraoperative judgment.
Fine Needle Aspiration

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been widely used as a diagnostic tool for the past half century. Differing from large bore cutting needle biopsy, FNA utilizes 22- to 27-gauge needles. The cell samples aspirated from a lesion are characteristically smeared on glass slides for immediate microscopic evaluation. An adequacy report and a preliminary diagnostic impression are rendered in approximately 10 to 15 minutes. A final report is generally rendered within 24 hours. The method has been used as one of the most cost-effective, complication-free, and rapid techniques for preoperative investigation of tumors and tumor-like conditions. Its usefulness in the diagnosis and management of oncology patients is emphasized in this article.
Perceptions and Reactions of The Public to Diarrhoea

A questionnaire about diarrhoea and how people react to it was answered by 400 people aged 16-70 years, most of whom were in employment (77% of respondents). There was wide varia tion in perceptions and reactions. Older persons and people in skilled trades were more likely to consider any increased bowel looseness or frequency of their usual bowel habit as diarrhoea, compared to younger persons and people in professional and managerial positions. Over half the respondents rated a single soft stool as diarrhoea, and almost a third accepted likewise an increased frequency of defaecation. The most unpleasant aspect of diarrhoea was considered to be incontinence with soiling of underclothes. At the onset of diarrhoea, 16% of respondents would not wait even a day or two but would go straight to a pharmacist, and 8% would go direct to a doctor. Persons in professional and managerial positions were less likely to attend their doctor straight away than people in other occupational groups. The findings show that for improved clinical management and public health surveillance, health professionals should not accept the term when it is used by patients, but seek details of their defaecation patterns and the form of their stools. Improved public education is needed as to self-help, appropriate treat ment and when to seek pharmaceutical and medical advice.
Chaperone‐mediated autophagy components are upregulated in sporadic inclusion‐body myositis muscle fibres

Sporadic inclusion‐body myositis (s‐IBM) is an age‐associated degenerative muscle disease. Characteristic features are muscle‐fibre vacuolization and intramuscle‐fibre accumulations of multiprotein aggregates, which may result from the demonstrated impairments of the 26S proteasome and autophagy. Chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective form of lysosomal degradation targeting proteins carrying the KFERQ motif. Lysosome‐associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A) and the heat‐shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) constitute specific CMA components. Neither CMA components nor CMA activity has been studied in normal or disease human muscle, to our knowledge.
Exploring the impact of an interprofessional care protocol on the Exploring the impact of an interprofessional care protocol on the patient experience and outcomes for seniors with diabetes patient experience and outcomes for seniors with diabetes

Contemporary healthcare has placed intensified focus on the patient experience. Ultimately the patient experience is influenced by relationships with healthcare providers. In order to make a positive impact on patient outcomes and quality of care, the patient experience must be positive. Interprofessional collaboration is recognized as a key aspect of a culture that fosters patient-centered care and a positive patient experience. This quasi impact of interprofessional collaboration to develop a preventive services care protocol for seniors with diabetes. Patients were studied over six months using pre outcomes and qualitative data from the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire are used to explore the impact of an interprofessional care protocol on the patient experience for seniors with di conclusive, suggest that significant improvements in blood glucose levels and aspects of quality of life perceptions of being able to manage self care and reported feeling ill less often followed the interprofessional protocol. The study offers insights into the importance of interprofessional collaboration as a factor that can enhance the patient experience and presents a continuing education model to facilitate interprofessional collaboration within the healthcare workforce setting.
Epidemiology of hand injuries in children presenting to an orthopedic trauma center in southeast of iran.

BACKGROUND Hand injuries are among the most common childhood injuries. No study has been performed regarding the epidemiology of hand injuries in the pediatric population of Iran. This study aimed to examine the epidemiology of hand injuries among children in southeast of Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed via census sampling on patients, aged 16 years or less, with a final diagnosis of hand injury. Patients presenting to the orthopedic department of Khatam-al-Anbia General Hospitalof Zahedan, Iran, were selected from March 2012 to December 2013. Data were analyzed retrospectively, using a chart review. RESULTS Two-hundred patients (136 males and 64 females with the mean age of 13±2.8 years) with 205 hand injuries were included in this study. As the results indicated, door-related injuries were the most common type (25%), accounting for 24% and 28% of injuries in male and female patients, respectively (P=0.016). Most injuries occurred at home (64%) and the lowest number was reported at school(22%) (P=0.012). Compared to boys, girls were more likely to be injured at home (78% vs. 57%) (P=0.13). In addition, the dominant hand was mostly injured by doors (28%). The most common type of injury was laceration(81%) and the least common type was finger amputation (7%); also, children with finger amputation were significantly younger than those with other types of hand injuries (P<0.001). Thumb alone (20%) and index and middle fingers together with anequal percentage (3.5%) were the most commonly injured digits. Also, the mean hospitalization cost was 297± 38 dollars. CONCLUSIONS Most hand injuries occurred at home and were door-related; they were also more frequentamong younger children. Prospective studies in order to identify specific protective door devices could potentially decrease the frequency of these injures.
The transferrin receptor expressed by gonococcal strain FA1090 is required for the experimental infection of human male volunteers

Iron, an essential nutrient for most microorganisms, is sequestered by the host to decrease the concentration of iron available to bacterial pathogens. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhoea, can acquire iron by direct interaction with human iron‐binding proteins, including the serum glycoprotein, transferrin. Iron internalization from host transferrin requires the expression of a bacterial receptor, which specifically recognizes the human form of transferrin. Two gonococcal transferrin‐binding proteins have been implicated in transferrin receptor function, TbpA and TbpB. We constructed a gonococcal transferrin receptor mutant without the introduction of additional antibiotic resistance markers and tested its ability to cause experimental urethritis in human male volunteers. The transferrin receptor mutant was incapable of initiating urethritis, although the same inoculum size of the wild‐type parent strain, FA1090, causes urethritis in >90% of inoculated volunteers. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration that a bacterial iron acquisition system is an essential virulence factor for human infection.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Modifies Tubulin Participation in Phospholipase Cβ1 Signaling

Tubulin forms the microtubule and regulates certain G-protein-mediated signaling pathways. Both functions rely on the GTP-binding properties of tubulin. Signal transduction through Gαq-regulated phospholipase Cβ1(PLCβ1) is activated by tubulin through a direct transfer of GTP from tubulin to Gαq. However, at high tubulin concentrations, inhibition of PLCβ1 is observed. This report demonstrates that tubulin inhibits PLCβ1 by binding the PLCβ1 substrate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Tubulin binding of PIP2 was specific, because PIP2 but not phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate inhibited microtubule assembly. PIP2 did not affect GTP binding or GTP hydrolysis by tubulin. Muscarinic agonists promoted microtubule depolymerization and translocation of tubulin to the plasma membrane. PIP2 augmented this process in both Sf9 cells, containing a recombinant PLCβ1 pathway, and SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Colocalization of tubulin and PIP2 at the plasma membrane was demonstrated with confocal laser immunofluorescence microscopy. Although tubulin bound to both Gαq and PLCβ1, PIP2 facilitated the interaction between tubulin and PLCβ1 but not that between tubulin and Gαq. However, PIP2 did augment formation of tubulin–Gαq–PLCβ1 complexes. Subsequent to potentiating PLCβ1 activation, sustained agonist-independent membrane binding of tubulin at PIP2- and PLCβ1-rich sites appeared to inhibit Gαq coupling to PLCβ1. Furthermore, colchicine increased membrane-associated tubulin and also inhibited PLCβ1 activity in SK-N-SH cells. Thus, tubulin, depending on local membrane concentration, may serve as a positive or negative regulator of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Rapid changes in membrane lipid composition or in the cytoskeleton might modify neuronal signaling through such a mechanism.
Cavity perturbation method for characterization of liquid crystals up to 35 GHz

Liquid Crystals (LCs) are very promising agile materials for tunable microwave components [Z]. Hence, precise microwave measurements are required. In this paper the measurement results of two LCs are presented using a cavity perturbation method with two cavities at 9GHz between -25°C and 45°C and at 3SGHz between -10/sl degC and 80sl degC. The cavities are rectangular waveguide resonators with two insertion holes for LC-filled FTFE-tubes. The complex permittivity as well as the complex permeability of these samples are extracted. The tunability of the LCs are measured by using an external magnetostatic field in order to orient the LC-molecules. Besides the quasi-standard LC K15, a novel mixture is investigated, having a higher tunability and lower losses compared to K1S at microwaves.
[Prehospital thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarct].

Efficacy of reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is strictly time-dependent. Most benefit is achieved with initiation of therapy within the first 60–90 min after onset of symptoms. The majority of patients with AMIs are seen within this time window by emergency medical services. Moreover, average time gain of about 60 min is possible by prehospital thrombolysis. Randomized studies yielded a better outcome when a time gain of 90 min and more was achieved. Prehospital diagnosis of AMI is reliable. Moreover, out-of-hospital thrombolysis has no additional specific risks nor is it an obstacle for later percutaneous intervention. Consequently, patients seen within the first 60–90 min after onset of symptoms or for whom a time gain of 90 min or more can be expected should receive immediate prehospital thrombolysis. D 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Trigeminal numbness and tic relief after microvascular decompression for typical trigeminal neuralgia.

OBJECTIVE After most operative treatments for trigeminal neuralgia, long-term tic relief is closely correlated with postoperative numbness in the trigeminal distribution. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is proposed to relieve tic through a nontraumatic mechanism. We investigated the relationship between postoperative trigeminal numbness and tic relief in a large, prospectively followed cohort of patients treated with MVD for typical trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS Of 1204 patients who underwent MVD for typical tic during a 20-year period, 522 had single MVDs on a single side, had not undergone ablative trigeminal procedures before or after MVD, and were still being followed in 1994. In 1994, patients graded facial numbness using a questionnaire (response rate, 92%) with a 5-point scale. Multivariate Cox and logistic regression methods were used. The analyses were adjusted for the time that had passed between the performance of MVD and the completion of the questionnaire (minimum, 2 yr). RESULTS Seventeen percent of patients reported some degree of persistent facial numbness. Decompression of a vein at MVD (odds ratio, 2.5) and failure to find compression by the superior cerebellar artery (odds ratio, 2.0) independently predicted postoperative facial numbness, which in turn predicted postoperative burning and aching facial pain (odds ratio, 5.2-5.9). A trend toward worse outcome was noted in patients with numb faces (P = 0.3). Similar findings were noted in subgroups of patients in whom the superior cerebellar artery was decompressed at MVD (n = 381) and in whom a superior cerebellar artery with no vein was found (n = 120). In the latter subgroup, facial numbness (5.8% of patients) significantly predicted worse long-term outcome (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION We found no evidence that postoperative trigeminal numbness predicts relief of typical tic after MVD. Trigeminal numbness was related to operative findings at MVD and predicted postoperative burning and aching facial pain. To minimize postoperative facial dysesthesia, trauma to the trigeminal root during MVD should be avoided when possible.
Sexuality and Health-Related Quality of Life After Prostate Cancer in African-American and White Men Treated for Localized Disease

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in sexual attitudes and quality of life of White and African-American men who have undergone radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Respondents included 1,112 White and 118 African-American men. Response rates differed by race, with 51% of White men and 28% of African-American men returning the questionnaire assessing demographics, medical history, sexual functioning, attitudes about seeking help for sexual problems, sexual self-schema, and health-related quality of life. African Americans were more likely than Whites to have undergone radiation therapy (p < .0001) and were more likely to indicate that a desire to maintain sexual functioning influenced their treatment choice (p < .0001). African-American men also had more positive attitudes than did White men toward seeking help for sexual problems and were more likely to report seeking past help and intending to seek future help. African-American men reported more problems with sexual desire (p = .0003), although their sexual function scores did not differ significantly from those of Whites. African-American men may be more at risk for distress when prostate cancer treatment causes sexual dysfunction.
Racial Disparity: Substance Dependency and Psychological Health Problems among Welfare Recipients

This study explored the racial disparity of substance dependency and psychological health among White, African American, and Hispanic Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients as well as the relationship between substance dependency and psychological health. It analyzed 1,286 TANF recipients from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data. Analysis of variance indicated that Whites were experiencing more nicotine and alcohol dependency and psychological distress than others, but African Americans and Hispanics were experiencing more cocaine dependency than Whites. Ordinary least squares regression revealed that nicotine dependency is significantly related to the psychological distress of Whites. Alcohol dependency is significantly associated with the psychological distress of three groups. Culturally competent programs are suggested.
Executive process training in young and old adults

ABSTRACT There is a growing body of research on the modifiability of executive functions in different stages of life. Previous studies demonstrate robust training effects but limited transfer in younger and particularly in older adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a theoretically derived intervention for executive functioning, addressing several basic processes (updating, shifting, and inhibition), can induce transfer effects in early and late adulthood. Fifty-nine healthy adults, 29 young and 30 older adults, were randomly assigned to either training or no-contact control groups. The training groups received 15 sessions of executive process training for about 45 min/session during 5 weeks. A test battery including a criterion task and near, intermediate, and far transfer tasks was administered before and after training. Results showed pronounced age-equivalent gains on the criterion task. Near transfer was seen to non-trained updating and inhibition tasks for the young and older trained participants. However, only the young adults showed intermediate transfer to two complex working memory tasks. No far transfer effects were seen for either age group. These findings provide additional evidence for age-related constraints in the ability to generalize acquired executive skills, and specifically show that training of multiple executive processes is not sufficient to foster transfer beyond the very near in older adults.
Motions of the retinal image during fixation.

The ability of an observer to maintain steady fixation on a test object is limited by involuntary eye tremor. Such tremor is characteristic of balanced muscular systems such as those serving to rotate the eye. Rotations of the eye cause proportional displacements of the retinal image of a stationary test object. Data are given for typical excursions of the retinal image during various exposure intervals from 0.01 to 1 sec in duration. The data show that under good experimental conditions the retinal image is virtually stationary for exposures up to 0.01 sec in duration. Exposures of 0.1 sec entail an average displacement of 25 sec of arc (a visual angle corresponding to the diameter of a single foveal cone). Exposures as long as 1 sec permit an average excursion of about 3 min of arc.