Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production and Structure of Rapidly Solidified Al-Si Alloys

Al-Si alloys with compositions 8, 12, 16wt% Si were manufactured by chill casting and melt-spinning (MS) methods. The resulting ribbon samples have been characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry and compared with their ingot counterparts. Microstructural examinations revealed that microstructures of the melt-spun ribbons were quite fine compared to their ingot counterparts. Both XRD analyses and microstructural examinations indicated that the solubility of Si in a -Al phase was nearly complete.
The short-term dynamics of information risk

In this paper we measure information risk as the adverse selection component of the posted spread and examine its time-series properties at daily frequency. Using three spread decomposition models, we find that information risk exhibit the long memory property evident in studies of asset return volatility. Market-wide volatility is more important in explaining the daily variations of a stock’s information risk than its firm-specific volatility. Information risk increases with the number of trades but decreases with trading volume. Our results are robust to tests for structural breaks.
Microbiological Quality Analysis of Raw and Pasteurized Milk Samples Collected from Addis Ababa and Its Surrounding in Ethiopia

This study was conducted to evaluate microbiological quality of raw and pasteurized milk samples collected from different locations in Ethiopia in 2016/2017G.c. Two types of milk samples were collected from different part of Addis Ababa and its surrounding of selected sites. A total of 48 samples were analyzed including 28 raw milk samples from the local producers, collectors and dairy markets and 20 different brands of pasteurized treated milk samples collected from different processing industries and from super market. The samples were examined for determining the Total Bacterial Count (TBC) and Total Coli form Count (TCC). The results revealed that the raw and half of pasteurized milk samples were substandard in terms of TBC and TCC. No growth in terms of TBC and TCC in sample number Ra-12 and no growth at TCC in sample number Ra-3. The range of TBC and TCC in raw milk samples was 5*103 to 3.18*108cfu/ml and 1.81*102 to 3.08*106cfu/ml, respectively. The TBC and TCC range in pasteurized milk samples was from 4.4*101 to 4.43*105cfu/ml and 4.5*101 to 2.3*104cfu/ml, respectively. In some samples the result was much greater of the recommended level by the Ethiopian Standards Agency /ESA/. Exceptionally sample numbers Pa1-6 and Pa-20 of pasteurized milk samples had no growth at all both in terms of TBC and TCC sample number pa-8, 9, 14, and 15 have no growth in terms of TCC. Statistical analysis of data revealed that there is significant difference between results of different samples which implies the contamination of raw and pasteurized milk is above standards. The finding of the study is an indication about the initial bacterial load in raw milk samples as well as in the processed milk sample. So from the consumer point of view, it needs high attention from the regulatory body and other concerned institutions especially on pasteurized types of milk because it is considered to be safe for consumption without any further treatment within the mentioned expiry date. Depends on the result this substandard/lower quality milk leads to high public health hazards. Besides, different regulatory bodies may also realize the importance of frequently inspection of the market milks to ensure whether they meet the minimum standers for the society in terms of quality and safety.
A study of the use of business improvement initiatives: the association with company size and level of national development

This paper investigates the awareness, use and effectiveness of improvement initiatives in organisations of different sizes and in different countries. In particular, comparisons are made between large firms and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), between organisations in the developing and developed worlds and between organisations in China and India and the rest of the developing world. A questionnaire survey of 453 organisations across 44 countries was conducted with the findings indicating that there are significant differences in comparability of tools. For some tools there are no significant differences between developed and developing countries as well as between large organisations and small organisations. For other tools, there are significant differences with organisations in developing countries, in general, more aware and more likely to use business improvement initiatives when compared to organisations in developed countries. Similarly, organisations in China and India have a higher awareness of and are more likely to adopt improvement initiatives when compared to the rest of the developing world. Finally, larger firms are more aware and more likely to use improvement initiatives when compared to SMEs.
Stop playing up!: Physical education, racialization and resistance

Situated in the southern suburbs of New Zealand’s largest city, South Auckland is known for poverty, crime and cultural diversity. It is home to large numbers of indigenous Maori and migrant Pasifika (Pacific Island) youth. Based on a year-long critical ethnography of a multiethnic high school, this article explores the place of physical education in the lives of young people in one school. Both a source of concern and a space of hope for diverse youth, physical education holds a unique place in their lives. On the one hand, physical education is implicated with narrow body norms while on the other hand it provides a space for relationship building, play and critical resistance. This article explores the complex potential for physical education as both a key site of learning for Pasifika and Maori youth, and one also politically fraught, given its close association with racialized and gendered body discourses.
6 Adenosinergic System in the Mesenteric Vessels

Adenine-based purines, such as adenosine, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are ubiquitous signalling molecules that mediate diverse biological actions and physiological processes. Adenosine is an important signalling molecule in the brain, lungs, kidneys, heart, blood vessels and immune systems (Lu et al., 2004), that exerts a potent action on many physiological processes including vasodilation, hormone and neurotransmitter release, platelet aggregation, and lipolysis (Baldwin et al., 2004; Podgorska et al., 2005). Reports of adenosine and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), effects on the heart and blood vessels (Drury & Szent-Gyorgyi, 1929), were the first in a major line of research concerning the physiological actions of purines. Since then, the list of biological processes in which extracellular purines participate has dramatically increased. Insights into the physiological roles of purines came from studies of their biological sources and the stimuli for their release.
Sistemas de manejo e os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em latossolo de cerrado com a sucessão soja-milho

Os estoques de C e N no solo sao determinados pelo balanco entre adicao e perda no sistema, sendo o preparo do solo e o sistema de culturas determinantes nesse processo. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de sistemas de manejo do solo baseados em sistemas de preparo, plantas de cobertura e adubacao fosfatada nos estoques de C e N em fracoes fisicas da materia orgânica do solo e na biomassa e respiracao microbiana em um solo cultivado por 11 anos na sucessao soja-milho. O experimento foi iniciado em 1999 em um Latossolo Vermelho argiloso com teor de P adequado para obtencao de 80 a 90 % de rendimentos potenciais de culturas anuais. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas divididas, tendo tres sistemas de manejo baseados em preparo do solo e plantas de cobertura (sistema de preparo convencional com milheto, sistema plantio direto com milheto e sistema plantio direto com mucuna-preta) nas parcelas e duas doses de P (0 e 100 kg ha-1 ano-1 de P2O5 na forma de superfosfato triplo, aplicados no sulco de semeadura) nas subparcelas. Amostras de solo foram retiradas no enchimento de graos da soja (marco de 2010), nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm de profundidade, e submetidas ao fracionamento fisico da materia orgânica do solo e a analises microbianas. O sistema plantio direto promoveu estratificacao de C orgânico e N total, enquanto o preparo convencional promoveu distribuicao mais homogenea na camada de 0 a 20 cm de profundidade. A adubacao fosfatada por 11 anos promoveu acumulo de C orgânico e N total em solos com adequada disponibilidade inicial de P, com relacao aquele que nao recebeu adubacao com P, independentemente do sistema de preparo e das plantas de cobertura. O sistema plantio direto apresentou maior estoque de C orgânico e N total, maior C biomassa microbiana e menor respiracao microbiana em relacao ao sistema de preparo convencional, ambos tendo o milheto como planta de cobertura. Quando sob plantio direto, maior estoque de C orgânico e N total, semelhante C biomassa microbiana e maior respiracao microbiana foram obtidos com o milheto como planta de cobertura, em relacao a mucuna. A taxa de conversao do C adicionado pelas culturas em C orgânico do solo foi de 4,0, 8,2 e 14,3 % para sistema de preparo convencional com milheto, sistema plantio direto com milheto e com mucuna, respectivamente.
Phase II control charts for autocorrelated processes

Abstract A large amount of SPC procedures are based on the assumption that the process subject to monitoring consists of independent observations. Chemical processes as well as many non-industrial processes exhibit autocorrelation, for which the above-mentioned control procedures are not suitable. This paper proposes a Phase II control procedure for autocorrelated and possibly locally stationary processes. A time-varying autoregressive (AR) model is proposed, which is capable of dealing with the autocorrelation as well as with local non-stationarities of the temporal process. Such non-stationarities are induced by the time-varying nature of the AR coefficients. The model is optimized during Phase I when it is assured that the process is in control and as a result the model describes accurately the process. The Phase II proposed control procedure is based on a comparison of the current time series model with an alternative model, measuring deviations from it. This comparison is carried out using Bayes factors, which help to establish the in-control or out-of-control state of the process in Phase II. Using the threshold rules of the Bayes factors, we propose a binomial-type control procedure for the monitoring of the process. The methodology of this paper is illustrated using two data sets consisting of temperature measurements at two different stages in the manufacturing of a plastic mould.
WAVELET COMOVEMENT ANALYSIS BETWEEN TENDENCY SURVEYS AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN TURKEY

─Abstract ─ It is now common practice to measure economy-wide expectations so that additional information on the future path of economic variables like growth, unemployment and inflation could be extracted. The well-known methodology is to use tendency surveys, which cover producers and/or consumers. Following Yildirim (2002), this paper is an attempt to assess whether there is any considerable pattern of comovement between selected macroeconomic variables (growth, unemployment and inflation) and tendency surveys (the Consumer Tendency Survey-CTS and Business Tendency Survey-BTS) in Turkey. Our originality is that we employ the wavelet comovement analysis, developed by Rua (2010), which is a strong methodological improvement combining the measures of comovement in time and frequency domain. We use monthly data to examine the period of January 2007 – March 2011 so that our analysis involves pre- and post- global financial and economic crisis. Our findings show that business tendency surveys exhibit significant comovement with industrial production and inflation in high and low frequency. On the other hand, consumer tendency surveys follow similar patterns with the change in inflation in high frequency especially during the global crisis period of 2009
Weed Management Practices for Organic Production of Trailing Blackberry: I. Plant Growth and Early Fruit Production

Weed management practices were evaluated in a new field of trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) established in western Oregon. The field was planted in May 2010 and certified organic in May 2012. Treatments included two cultivars, Marion and Black Diamond, grown in 1) non-weeded plots, where weeds were cut to the ground just before harvest; 2) hand-weeded plots, hoed two to three times per year; and 3) weed mat plots, covered with black landscape fabric. Each treatment was fertilized with fish emulsion and irrigated by drip. Weeds increased from 2010 through 2012 in both non-weeded and hand-weeded plots and required 38 and 90 h·ha L1 of labor to removethe weeds in the latter treatment in 2011and 2012, respectively. Weeds in weed mat plots, in comparison, were confined primarily to the planting holes in the fabric and required only 1 h·ha L1 of labor for weed removal each year. Blackberry growth, in terms of number and dry weight of the primocanes, was similar among treatments during the first year after planting but differed with cultivar and weed management the next season. In2011,'BlackDiamond'producedshorterbutanaverageofthreemoreprimocanesper plantthan'Marion',whereasplantsinhand-weededandweedmatplotsproducednearly twice as many primocanes as non-weeded plots. Hence, when fruit were produced on floricanes (the previous year's primocanes) for the first time in 2012, 'Black Diamond' had 15% more yield than 'Marion', and weed control increased yield by 67% with hand- weeding and 100% with weed mat, on average. 'Black Diamond' and weed control also produced larger berries (measured as average individual fruit weight) with a greater water content but a lower soluble solids concentration. So far, of the three practices studied, weed mat was best suited to organic production of blackberries. The initial cost of the weed mat was far less than the cost of hand-weeding during the first 3 years after planting, and after only one season of fruit production, the yield benefit of weed mat provided enough profit to warrant its use over no weeding or hand-weeding.
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY CATTLE FARMS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY BY STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS

The aim of this study was to determine the technical efficiency of dairy cattle farms in Turkey. The main material of the study consists of primary data that were gathered in 2012 from 148 dairy cattle farms in the Eastern Mediterranean Region by the face to face interview method. Data were analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis method. The effects of socio-economic variables on technical efficiency were calculated using the SFA TE Effects Model. According to research results, the average technical efficiency score was found as 79%. Positive correlation between milk production and the amount of roughage usage, and negative correlation between milk production and labor force usage were found. The socio-economic variables of education, dairy cattle experience and labor force indexes were found positive. However, only dairy cattle experience was found to be significant among these variables. According to the research results, sourcing was found to be sufficient in dairy cattle farms; whereas, efficiency was found insufficient. It is possible to get higher productivity with the same amount of input usage by managing the production process as well.
Odd primary homotopy types of the gauge groups of exceptional Lie groups

The $p$-local homotopy types of gauge groups of principal $G$-bundles over $S^4$ are classified when $G$ is a compact connected exceptional Lie group without $p$-torsion in homology except for $(G,p)=(\mathrm{E}_7,5)$.
CATEGORY SPACE DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION FOR SUPERVISED LEARNING By ANTHONY O'NEAL SMITH A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Ful llment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CATEGORY SPACE DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION FOR SUPERVISED LEARNING By Anthony O'Neal Smith August 2013 Chair: Anand Rangarajan Major: Computer Engineering In this research, we investigate the reasons that make the multiclass classi cation problem di cult and suggest that category ambiguity is at the heart of the problem. We analyze previous e orts at multiclass classi cation and explain how they do not account for this ambiguity when they suggest simple voting schemes or o er the combination of pairwise binary classi ers as solutions. Then we demonstrate that most other methods lack the notion of a geometric space to represent the classes. These essential concepts have been neglected because in the past, classes were perceived to be independent. This leads to limited approaches in which techniques assume distinct classes and assign nominal labels to them. We argue that class relationships exist that must be exploited. The approach we propose gives an alternate method for dimensionality reduction so that multiclass classi cation techniques can overcome several of the problems that exist with pairwise classi cation schemes and exhibits better performance on many problems. We look to separate objects according to similar qualities and characteristics by projecting to a space a Category Space de ned by the number of classes and the properties of the classes. After dimensionality reduction to the category space, we use a classi cation technique to evaluate performance on a large collection of benchmark data sets. Finally, we detail the strengths of our approach, and provide a framework for alternative objective functions for linear and kernel-based projections. Our contributions span the range of dimensionality reduction, classi cation, and optimization for multiclass problems.
Protection through L-Carnitine on Tissue Oxidant Status and Sialic Acid Content in Tilmicosin-Induced Alterations in BALB/c Mice

Kart A. , M. Karapehlivan, K. Yapar, M. Citil, A. Akpinar: Protection through LCarnitine on Tissue Oxidant Status and Sialic Acid Content in Tilmicosin-Induced Alterations in BALB/c Mice. Acta Vet Brno 2007, 76: 203-207. The macrolide antibiotic tilmicosin is known to induce cardiotoxic effect when administered at large doses. In this work, the effects of tilmicosin were evaluated with respect to alterations in total sialic acid, malondialdehyde and glutathione content of the heart, liver, kidney and lung tissues after single subcutaneous injection of 75 mg/kg tilmicosin with or without L-carnitine (500 mg/kg for 5 days daily via s.c. route) in BALB/c mice. L-carnitine is a co-factor serving in the mitochondrial β-oxidation of long chain fatty acids, and it was reported to be protective in several types of toxicity cases probably via multi-factorial mechanisms. Twenty eight mice were divided into 4 groups including group 1 (control), group 2 (L-carnitine), group 3 (tilmicosin) and group 4 (tilmicosin plus L-carnitine). Following the administration of treatments, tissue samples were collected, and the samples were assayed for malondialdehyde, glutathione and total sialic acid content. Mice receiving tilmicosin treatment alone had significantly higher malondialdehyde and total sialic acid concentrations (except for MDA of lungs) but lower glutathione concentration in selected tissues compared to those of the control, group 2 (Carnitine only) and group 4 (L-carnitine plus tilmicosin) (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found associated with the assayed indicators between the control and mice treated with L-carnitine plus tilmicosin. These results suggest that tilmicosin may cause oxidative stress in the heart, liver, lung and kidneys, but the adverse effects could be attenuated by L-carnitine administration.
The mean free path of hydrogen ionizing photons during the epoch of reionization

We use the Aurora radiation-hydrodynamical simulations to study the mean free path (MFP) for hydrogen ionizing photons during the epoch of reionization. We directly measure the MFP by averaging the distance 1 Ry photons travel before reaching an optical depth of unity along random lines-of-sight. During reionization the free paths tend to end in neutral gas with densities near the cosmic mean, while after reionizaton the end points tend to be overdense but highly ionized. Despite the increasing importance of discrete, over-dense systems, the cumulative contribution of systems with $N_{\rm{HI}} \lesssim 10^{16.5}~{\rm cm^{-2}}$ suffices to drive the MFP at $z \approx 6$, while at earlier times higher column densities are more important. After reionization the typical size of HI systems is close to the local Jeans length, but during reionization it is much larger. The mean free path for photons originating close to galaxies, $\rm{MFP_{gal}}$, is much smaller than the cosmic MFP. After reionization this enhancement can remain significant up to starting distances of $\sim 1$ comoving Mpc. During reionization, however, $\rm{MFP_{gal}}$ for distances $\sim 10^2 - 10^3$ comoving kpc typically exceeds the cosmic MFP. These findings have important consequences for models that interpret the intergalactic MFP as the distance escaped ionizing photons can travel from galaxies before being absorbed and may cause them to under-estimate the required escape fraction from galaxies, and/or the required emissivity of ionizing photons after reionization.
The Health and Production Consequences of Poor Body Condition Score: The Untold Story about BCS

Animal welfare is a growing concern in the dairy industry; both public opinion and farm economics are driving forces in improving the well-being of dairy cows. In North America, lameness is the most important cause of bovine welfare issues (Vermunt, 2007); it also has a negative association with milk production and reproductive performance and leads to increased risk of culling or death (Rajala-Schultz and Gröhn, 1999a; Warnick et al., 2001; Bicalho et al., 2008).
Directions of Colour Changes of Nectar Honeys Depending on Honey Type and Storage Conditions

Abstract The colour of honey is one of the most important quality criteria for consumers. The colour depends mainly on the content of plant pigments but the honey consistency, shape, and size of the crystals may also influence the honey colour parameters. It is related to the crystallisation and decrystallisation processes of honey during storage. In the present study, directions of colour changes of honey during storage were evaluated using a tristimulus colorimeter and the CIE 1976 L*a*b* and CIE L*C*ho systems. The effect of time (3 and 9 months) and storage conditions (cold storage, room temperature storage with access to light, and room temperature storage without access to light) on the colour of nectar honeys was investigated. The results obtained showed that both the type of honey and the storage conditions influenced the honey colour parameters. Significant differences in direction and intensity of the colour changes of honey during storage were observed. These differences make it difficult to indicate which storage conditions are optimal to preserve the colour of the honey. It was found that acacia and heather honeys were the most susceptible to colour changes during long-term storage in all of the study’s applied conditions, whereas rape and buckwheat honeys were the most stable in colour parameters.