Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Caste-specific and sex-specific expression of chemoreceptorgenes in a termite

The sophisticated colony organization of eusocial insects is primarily maintained through the utilization of pheromones. The regulation of these complex social interactions requires intricate chemoreception systems. The recent publication of the genome of Zootermopsis nevadensis opened a new avenue to study molecular basis of termite caste systems. Although there has been a growing interest in the termite chemoreception system that regulates their sophisticated caste system, the relationship between division of labor and expression of chemoreceptor genes remains to be explored. Using high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we found several chemoreceptors that are differentially expressed among castes and between sexes in a subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus. In total, 53 chemoreception-related genes were annotated, including 22 odorant receptors, 7 gustatory receptors, 12 ionotropic receptors, 9 odorant-binding proteins, and 3 chemosensory proteins. Most of the chemoreception-related genes had caste-related and sex-related expression patterns; in particular, some chemoreception genes showed king-biased or queen-biased expression patterns. Moreover, more than half of the genes showed significant age-dependent differences in their expression in female and/or male reproductives. These results reveal a strong relationship between the evolution of the division of labor and the regulation of chemoreceptor gene expression, thereby demonstrating the chemical communication and underlining chemoreception mechanism in social insects.
Cold accretion flows and the nature of high column density H I absorption at redshift 3

Simulations predict that galaxies grow primarily through the accretion of gas that has not gone through an accretion shock near the virial radius and that this cold gas flows towards the central galaxy along dense filaments and streams. There is, however, little observational evidence for the existence of these cold flows. We use a large, cosmological, hydrodynamical simulation that has been post‐processed with radiative transfer to study the contribution of cold flows to the observed z= 3 column density distribution of neutral hydrogen, which our simulation reproduces. We find that nearly all of the H I absorption arises in gas that has remained colder than 105.5 K, at least while it was extragalactic. In addition, the majority of the H I is falling rapidly towards a nearby galaxy, with non‐negligible contributions from outflowing and static gas. Above a column density of Graphic cm−2, most of the absorbers reside inside haloes, but the interstellar medium only dominates for Graphic cm−2. Haloes with total mass below 1010 M⊙ dominate the absorption for Graphic cm−2, but the average halo mass increases sharply for higher column densities. Although very little of the H I in absorbers with Graphic cm−2 resides inside galaxies, systems with Graphic cm−2 are closely related to star formation: most of their H I either will become part of the interstellar medium before z= 2 or has been ejected from a galaxy at z > 3. Cold accretion flows are critical for the success of our simulation in reproducing the observed rate of incidence of damped Lyman‐α and particularly that of Lyman limit systems. We therefore conclude that cold accretion flows exist and have already been detected in the form of high column density H I absorbers.
Customer loyalty: A Relationship Dynamics Perspective

Customer loyalty has been widely perceived as an outcome of business relationships (Alejandro et al., 2011; Palmatier et al., 2006; Čater & Čater, 2010). Previous business marketing studies have focused on the associations between relationship dimensions and customer loyalty. They also have specifically focused on either manufacturing or service industries. Additionally, the linkages between different types of customer loyalty and relationship dimensions may be different in different relationship periods. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the relationship dimensions leading to behavioural loyalty or affective loyalty in different relationship periods between the service industry and the manufacturing industry. A qualitative study was conducted with 11 in-depth interviews in the UK; 5 in the manufacturing industry and 6 in the service industry. Template analysis was used to analyse the data. Different types of trust, commitment and adaptation are included in this research to study their linkages with behavioural loyalty and affective loyalty in different relationship periods. The research suggests that the linkages between relationship dimensions and different types of customer loyalty vary in different relationship periods and between industries. In the manufacturing industry, the emergence of trust in an organization, prior to relationship initiation, is very important in building behavioural loyalty. In the service industry, cognitive trust at a personal level, built through seller adaptation, was shown to lead to behavioural loyalty. However, there are also some similarities. Affective and cognitive trust in an organization is very important in building attitudinal loyalty. The nature of trust changes from cognitive to affective in both industries as a relationship continues. Based on a new definition of customer loyalty from a competitive perspective, an evolutionary model is put forward to illustrate the dynamics of customer loyalty. In the model, competing suppliers and experience are identified as elements, and the changes of network positions, technologies and market trends are identified as drivers.
Title Does mentoring new peer reviewers improve review quality ? A randomized trial Permalink

Background: Prior efforts to train medical journal peer reviewers have not improved subsequent review quality, although such interventions were general and brief. We hypothesized that a manuscript-specific and more extended intervention pairing new reviewers with high-quality senior reviewers as mentors would improve subsequent review quality. Methods: Over a four-year period we randomly assigned all new reviewers for Annals of Emergency Medicine to receive our standard written informational materials alone, or these materials plus a new mentoring intervention. For this program we paired new reviewers with a high-quality senior reviewer for each of their first three manuscript reviews, and asked mentees to discuss their review with their mentor by email or phone. We then compared the quality of subsequent reviews between the control and intervention groups, using linear mixed effects models of the slopes of review quality scores over time. Results: We studied 490 manuscript reviews, with similar baseline characteristics between the 24 mentees who completed the trial and the 22 control reviewers. Mean quality scores for the first 3 reviews on our 1 to 5 point scale were similar between control and mentee groups (3.4 versus 3.5), as were slopes of change of review scores (-0.229 versus -0.549) and all other secondary measures of reviewer performance. Conclusions: A structured training intervention of pairing newly recruited medical journal peer reviewers with senior reviewer mentors did not improve the quality of their subsequent reviews.
Genomic analysis of a Candida glabrata clinical isolate resistant to antifungals unveils novel features of drug resistance in this pathogenic yeast

An alarming increase in the incidence of infections caused by C. glabrata has been reported in the last years, in part, due to the emergence of strains resistant to azoles. Although some knowledge has been gathered on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to antifungals in C. glabrata, little is known on the genetic adaptive responses that occur at the genomic level. In this work the genome sequences of a C. glabrata clinical isolate (named FFUL887) resistant to voriconazole, fluconazole and caspofungin was compared with the genome of the reference strain CBS138, which was found to be susceptible to all the abovereferred antifungals. The genomic sequence determined for the FFUL887 isolate includes 12.29 Mb, corresponding to 99.1% of the total genome size estimated by flow cytometry. Around 80.000 genomic variations were identified, 10.000 of them corresponding to missense mutations occurring in the coding sequence of 3.200 genes (60% of the predicted C. glabrata ORFeome). Around 100 proteins previously associated with drug resistance in C. glabrata were found to harbour mutations in the FFUL887 genome including the transcription factor CgPdr1, a key player in the control of drug resistance in C. glabrata. Using a transcriptomic analysis it was found that the FFUL887 isolates over-expresses several described targets of CgPdr1 including the drug efflux pumps CgCDR1, CgPDH1 and CgQDR2, all previously demonstrated to contribute for azole resistance in C. glabrata. These observations, together with phenotypic data, demonstrate that the CgPdr1 encoded by FFUL887 has a new gain-of-function mutation.
Influence of embedded steel column base strength on earthquake-induced residual deformations

Recent experiments on steel columns under multi-axis cyclic loading suggest that a steel column may experience appreciable axial shortening due to local buckling. Reconnaissance reports from recent earthquakes indicate that a number of embedded column base (ECB) connections in steel frame buildings were found to be lightly damaged although they are expected to remain elastic. As a result, the amount of inelastic damage concentrated in the respective steel columns was much less than it was expected to be. This paper investigates the influence of the ECB strength on the residual deformations of first story interior steel columns in steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) under multi-axial cyclic loading. The evaluation is conducted with rigorous finite element (FE) simulations. The developed FE model is able to simulate the pinching hysteretic behavior of typical ECBs. The parametric study involves two main cases. In the first one the ECB remains in elastic. In the second case the inelastic behavior is spread to the ECB and the steel column itself. The simulation results suggest that the resultant plastic deformation within the steel column is much smaller in the latter. The onset of column local buckling is delayed; therefore, the residual column axial shortening becomes fairly minimal. In particular, it is reduced by 50% at lateral drift demands associated with low-probability of occurrence earthquakes.
Accurate abundance patterns of solar twins and analogs - Does the anomalous solar chemical composition come from planet formation?

We derive the abundance of 19 elements in a sample of 64 stars with fundamental parameters very similar to solar, which minimizes the impact of systematic errors in our spectroscopic 1D-LTE differential analysis, using high-resolution (R � 60 000), high signalto-noise ratio (S /N � 200) spectra. The estimated errors in the elemental abundances relative to solar are as small as � 0.025 dex. The abundance ratios [X/ Fe] as af unction of [Fe/H] agree closely with previously established patterns of Galactic thin-disk chemical evolution. Interestingly, the majority of our stars show a significant correlation between [X/Fe] and condensation temperature (TC). In the sample of 22 stars with parameters closest to solar, we find that, on average, low TC elements are depleted with respect to high TC elements in the solar twins relative to the Sun by about 0.08 dex (� 20%). An increasing trend is observed for the abundances as a function of TC for 900 < TC < 1800 K, while abundances of lower TC elements appear to be roughly constant. We speculate that this is a signature of the planet formation that occurred around the Sun but not in the majority of solar twins. If this hypothesis is correct, stars with planetary systems like ours, although rare (frequency of � 15%), may be identified through a very detailed inspection of the chemical compositions of their host stars.
Al, Si, and Mg occupancies in tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated sites in synthetic aluminous tremolite

Abstract A series of aluminous tremolites was synthesized at 800-850 °C and 6-13 kbar along the join Ca1.8Mg5. 2Si8O22(OH)2-Ca1.8(Mg4.2Al)(AlSi7)O22(OH)2 by means of the Mg-Tschermaks substitution. Although the amphibole yields were high (97-99 wt%), traces of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amorphous silica, and, for the most aluminous mixture, corundum, were identified in some synthesis products. The samples were characterized by electron microprobe (EMP), X-ray diffraction Rietveld structure refinement (XRD), Fourier- transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy for the purpose of identifying the extent of Al, Mg, and Si order-disorder in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites. Both EMP and 27Al NMR verify that the Mg-Tschermaks substitution, with even distribution of Al between tetrahedral and octahedral sites, is obeyed in these amphiboles up to a limit of 1.9 total Al atoms per formula unit (apfu). 29Si MAS NMR spectra indicate that Al substitutes essentially equally into both the T1 and T2 sites. For octahedral sites, the FTIR spectra indicate the presence of Al on the M1, M3, or both sites (presently indistinguishable) by the presence of an (MgMgAl)-OH band at 3652 cm-1, which increases steadily with increasing Al content. The FTIR and 27Al MAS NMR spectra show that Al is always present in the M1-M3 sites as well as the M2 site but partitioned among these sites in ways that are not clearly resolved at present. It is clear in this study that Al is more widely distributed over the octahedral and tetrahedral sites in synthetic aluminous tremolite with only a moderate Al content (< 2.0 Al apfu) than has been traditionally thought.
EXPONENTIAL AND CHARACTER SUMS WITH MERSENNE NUMBERS

Abstract We give new bounds on sums of the form ∑ n≤NΛ(n)exp (2πiagn/m) and ∑ n≤NΛ(n)χ(gn+a), where Λ is the von Mangoldt function, m is a natural number, a and g are integers coprime to m, and χ is a multiplicative character modulo m. In particular, our results yield bounds on the sums ∑ p≤Nexp (2πiaMp/m) and ∑ p≤Nχ(Mp) with Mersenne numbers Mp=2p−1, where p is prime.
The LoTSS view of radio AGN in the local Universe

This paper presents a study of the local radio source population, by cross-comparing the data from the first data release (DR1) of the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7 main galaxy spectroscopic sample. The LoTSS DR1 provides deep data (median rms noise of 71 μJy at 150 MHz) over 424 square degrees of sky, which is sufficient to detect 10 615 (32 per cent) of the SDSS galaxies over this sky area. An improved method to separate active galactic nuclei (AGN) accurately from sources with radio emission powered by star formation (SF) is developed and applied, leading to a sample of 2121 local (z < 0.3) radio AGN. The local 150 MHz luminosity function is derived for radio AGN and SF galaxies separately, and the good agreement with previous studies at 1.4 GHz suggests that the separation method presented is robust. The prevalence of radio AGN activity is confirmed to show a strong dependence on both stellar and black hole masses, remarkably reaching a fraction of 100 per cent of the most massive galaxies (> 1011 M⊙) displaying radio-AGN activity with L150 MHz ≥ 1021 W Hz−1; thus, the most massive galaxies are always switched on at some level. The results allow the full Eddington-scaled accretion rate distribution (a proxy for the duty cycle) to be probed for massive galaxies, and this accretion rate is found to peak at Lmech/LEdd ≈ 10−5. More than 50 per cent of the energy is released during the ≤2 per cent of the time spent at the highest accretion rates, Lmech/LEdd > 10−2.5. Stellar mass is shown to be a more important driver of radio-AGN activity than black hole mass, suggesting a possible connection between the fuelling gas and the surrounding halo. This result is in line with models in which these radio AGN are essential for maintaining the quenched state of galaxies at the centres of hot gas haloes.
The Illusion of Deterrence in Isaac Ehrlich's Research on Capital Punishment

In this critique of Professor Ehrlich's recent research on capital punishment,' we conclude that he has failed to provide any reliable evidence that the death penalty deters murder. His data are inadequate for the purposes of his analysis and he misapplies the highly sophisticated statistical techniques he employs. We begin with an evaluation of the data he uses to measure the critical variables in his theoretical formulation and then consider flaws in his analysis which would invalidate his conclusions even if his data were adequate. We conclude by explaining how Ehrlich's analysis produces results which seem consistent with the deterrence hypothesis when in fact they are not.2
Observations of PAN and its confinement in the Asian summer monsoonanticyclone in high spatial resolution

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of trace gases in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region on the basis of observations by the CRISTA infrared limb sounder taken in low-earth orbit in August 1997. The spatially highly resolved measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and O3 allow a detailed analysis of an eddy-shedding event of the ASM anticyclone. We identify enhanced PAN volume mixing ratios (VMRs) within the main anticyclone and within the eddy, which are suitable as a tracer for polluted air originating in India and China. Plotting the retrieved PAN VMRs against potential vorticity (PV) and potential temperature reveals that the PV value at which the PAN VMRs exhibit the strongest decrease with respect to PV increases with potential temperature. These PV values might be used to identify the extent of the ASM. Using temperature values also derived from CRISTA measurements, we also computed the location of the thermal tropopause according to the WMO criterion and find that it confines the PAN anomaly vertically within the main ASM anticyclone. In contrast, the shed eddy exhibits enhanced PAN VMRs for 1 to 2 km above the thermal tropopause. Using the relationship between PAN as a tropospheric tracer and O3 as a stratospheric tracer to identify mixed air parcels, we further found the anticyclone to contain few such air parcels, whereas the region between the anticyclone and the eddy as well as the eddy itself contains many mixed air parcels. In combination, this implies that while the anticyclone confines polluted air masses well, eddy shedding provides a very rapid horizontal transport pathway of Asian pollution into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere with a timescale of only a few days.
Modulator of Apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1) is a tumor suppressor protein linked to RASSF1A

Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1) is a BH3-like protein that plays key roles in cell death or apoptosis. It is an integral partner to the tumor suppressor protein, Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A), and functions to activate the Bcl-2 family proapoptotic protein, Bax. Although RASSF1A is now considered a bona fide tumor suppressor protein, the role of MOAP-1 as a tumor suppressor protein is yet to be determined. In this study, we present several lines of evidence from cancer databases, immunoblotting of cancer cells, proliferation and xenograft assays as well as DNA microarray analysis to demonstrate the role of MOAP-1 as a tumor suppressor protein. Frequent loss of MOAP-1 expression, in at least some cancers, appears to be attributed to mRNA downregulation and the rapid proteasomal degradation of MOAP-1 that could be reversed utilizing the proteasome inhibitor, MG132. Overexpression of MOAP-1 in several cancer cell lines resulted in reduced tumorigenesis and upregulation of genes involved in cancer regulatory pathways that includes apoptosis (p53, Fas and MST1), DNA damage control (PARP and ATM), those within the cell metabolism (IR-, IR- and AMPK) and a stablizing effect on microtubules. The loss of RASSF1A (an upstream regulator of MOAP-1) is one of the earliest detectable epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor proteins in cancer and we speculate that the additional loss of function of MOAP-1 may be a second hit to functionally compromise the RASSF1A/MOAP-1 death receptor dependent pathway and drive tumorigenesis.
Evaluation of mushroom compost for the bio control root-knot nematode

The collection of infected roots to Meloidogyne javanica nematode of tomato cherry variety, in a greenhouse of Neyshabor city, Iran, carries to laboratory, then sectional and insemination to amount one gram of infection roots to Meloidogyne javanicain African violet Media to treatments oyster mushroom compost Pleurotuso streatus variety in 30%, 50% and 70% density for control Meloidogyne javanica in African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha) media. The present research in format trial on base plan randomize complete block to with 5 treatments and 3 replications was conducted in 15 plots. Qualitative and quantitative traits such as shoot fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves and effect compost concentration of oyster mushroom cultivation in beds of violets on nematode egg number and nematode number. The result showed that increasing concentration of compost fungal nematode population dropped so significantly reduce the nematode population at 70 percent. Also in this study, egg number, nematode number and properties of shoot fresh weight significant but root fresh weight, dry weight and leaf number not significant.
Large roughness element effects on sand transport, Oceano Dunes, California

The effect of large roughness elements on sand transport efficiency was evaluated on a coastal sand sheet by measuring sand flux with two types of sand traps [Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and the Cox Sand Catcher (CSC)] at 30 positions through a 100 m‐long × 50 m‐wide roughness array comprised of 210 elements each with the dimensions 1·17 m long × 0·4 m high × 0·6 m wide. The 210 elements were used to create a roughness density (λ) of 0·022 (λ = n bh/S, where n is the number of elements, b the element breadth, h the element height, and S is the area of the surface that contains all the elements) in an area of 5000 m2. The mean normalized saltation flux (NSF) values (NSF = outgoing sand flux/incoming sand flux) at the furthest downwind distance for the two trap types were 0·44 and 0·41, respectively. This is in excellent agreement with an empirical model prediction of 0·5. The reduction in saltation flux is similar to an earlier separate study for an equivalent λ composed of elements of similar height (0·36 m), even though the roughness element forms were different (rectangular in this study as opposed to circular) as were the horizontal porosity of the arrays (49% versus 16%). This corroborates earlier results that roughness element height is a critical parameter that enhances reduction in sand transport by wind for similar λ configurations. The available data suggest the form of the relationship between transport reduction efficiency and height is likely a power relationship with two limiting conditions: (1) for elements ≤ 0·1 m high the effect is minimized, and (2) as element height matches and then exceeds the maximum height of the saltation layer (≥ 1 m), the effect will stabilize near a maximum of NSF ≈ 0·32. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.