Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CONNOTATIONS OF ARABIC COLOUR TERMS (

Following Allan (2009), this paper investigates the X-phemistic uses of Arabic colour terms with especial reference to Jordanian Arabic. The study, adopting colour-based metaphors, explores the figurative uses of black, white, yellow, red, green, and blue; the most common colours that are used figuratively. The connotations of Arabic colour terms are judged on the basis of whether the phrases in which colour terms occur are orthophemistic, euphemistic, or dys- phemistic. It could be said, building on the colours explored in this study, that colours have many orthophemistic connotations, and that dysphemistic connota- tions of the colours under study are more common than euphemistic connotations. It was also found that the uses of black, yellow, red and blue are predominantly dysphemistic. In contrast, white mostly has positive connotations, but green is found to be associated with both euphemistic and dysphemistic connotations.
Enhanced Interactivity in Secondary Mathematics

During the past decade the interactive whiteboard has passed from being a novelty to being part of the equipment of many mathematics teaching rooms within the UK, and to a much lesser extent, parts of Western Europe, North America, South East Asia and Australasia. In part this is a response to government educational policy aimed at learning for the globalized digital age but it is also a reflection of self-government within schools and their intention to support individualized student motivation and learning through more appropriate pedagogy. Early evidence suggests that practitioners pass through stages of developing both technology and pedagogy moving from the use of technology for presentational purposes to its use as a stimulus for interactive learning (Glover et al., 2003). The availability of equipment alone is no guarantee of enhanced teaching and learning (Miller et al., 2004). Government reports by the inspectorate and the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) in England in 2005 point to the need for teachers to become more aware of the inherent value of interactivity at the heart of ABSTRACT
Development of retort process for ready-to-eat (RTE) soy-peas curry as a meat alternative in multilayer flexible retort pouches.

Effect of retort processing on the shelf life and safety of ethnic Indian food product namely soya peas curry was investigated. Ready-to-eat soya peas curry was packed in laminated retort pouches and processed in a steam-air retort with overriding pressure. Time-temperature profile of processing was determined and the same was used for heat penetration characteristics. The thermal processing parameters like retort temperature, heating lag factor (J h ), heating rate index (f h ), process time (B), F 0 value and Cook value (C g ) were determined. The retort processed soya peas curry was analysed for microbiological, sensory and chemical characteristics under refrigerated (4-5°C), ambient (27-30°C) and accelerated temperature (45°C) for a period of 9 months. Microbiological analysis indicated that retort processing achieved commercial sterility. The changes in chemical characteristics and sensory quality on storage were insignificant. The samples were rated excellent by the taste panel and remained in good condition even after 9 months of storage.
The Measurement of Cognitive Distance: Methods and Construct Validity

Cognitive distances are mental representations of large-scale environmental distances that cannot be perceived from a single vantage point but require movement through the environment for their apprehension. A comprehensive review of techniques for measuring cognitive distance is organized around five classes of methods: ratio scaling, interval/ordinal scaling, mapping, reproduction, and route choice. Advantages and disadvantages of each class are discussed, with particular reference to assessing estimation accuracy, and to their usefulness in various research contexts. Several general issues related to construct validity are also discussed.
Unconditional bases of invariant subspaces of a contraction with finite defects

The main result of the paper is that a system of invariant subspaces of a (completely non-unitary) Hilbert space contraction $T$ with finite defects (rank$(I-T^*T)<\infty$, rank$(I-TT^*)<\infty$) is an unconditional basis (Riesz basis) if and only if it is uniformly minimal. Results of such type are quite well known: for a system of eigenspaces of a contraction with defects $1-1$ it is simply the famous Carleson interpolation theorem. For general invariant subspaces of operators with defects $1-1$ such theorem was proved by V. I. Vasyunin. Then partial results for the case of finite defects were obtained by the author. The present paper solves the problem completely.
Sites U1302 and U1303

1Expedition 303 Scientists, 2006. Sites U1302 and U1303. In Channell, J.E. T. , Kanamatsu, T. , Sato, T. , Stein, R. , Alvarez Zarikian, C.A. , Malone, M.J., and the Expedition 303/306 Scientists, 2006. Proc. IODP, 303/306: College Station TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/ iodp.proc.303306.103. 2006 2Expedition 303 Scientists’ addresses. Background and objectives
Culture, Identity and Indigenous Australian Peoples

this chapter should assist you to: − understand concepts of race − articulate concepts of culture, identity and social organisation − understand the diversity of Indigenous cultures and the role of cultural identity and practices − reflect on the role of cultural practices and identity for Indigenous cultures globally and in australia − reflect on the diversity of aboriginal and torres strait Islander identity, cultures and societies.
LONELINESS, SHYNESS, AND DEPRESSION: THE ETIOLOGY AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF EVERYDAY PROBLEMS IN LIVING

into the present pdf format file from an original copy of the published article. To reduce the size of the file, the scanned images were converted to text using OCR software, prior to converting to the final pdf file that you are now reading. Please note that occasionally this process introduces errors that were not in the original. We have attempted to correct such errors, but acknowledge that some may still exist. If you discover a substantial error, please contact Craig Anderson using the following email address: caa@iastate.edu.
Culture as a consequence : A multi-level multivariate meta-analysis of the effects of individual and country characteristics on work-related cultural values

Culture as a consequence is a neglected topic. Addressing this, we explore what factors are related to and potentially shape culture, what explains cultural variations within countries, and what the relationship is between cultural values at the individual and national levels. To answer these questions, we use a multi-level multivariate meta-analysis of 508 studies. The findings indicate that national and individual cultural values may be determined by the micro characteristics of age, gender, education, and socio-economic status as well as the macro characteristics of wealth and freedom. This provides a basis for explaining cultural change, both at the individual and national levels. Also, up to 90% of the variance in cultural values is found to reside within countries, stressing that national averages poorly represent specific individuals.
Patient Knowledge and Understanding of Radiation From Diagnostic Imaging

sider banning physicians from accepting food and beverages in the workplace. Any potential interventions should be targeted toward older physicians, internists, and those in solo or 2-person practices. Our study has several limitations. First, because of social desirability bias, our results likely represent a lowerbound estimate of the actual frequency of physicians prescribing brand-name drugs at the patients’ requests. Second, we were unable to adjust the result for the frequency with which physicians were asked by patients for a specific brand-name drug. Finally, our study was not able to examine whether a brand-name drug was actually dispensed at the pharmacy, given that some states have laws that allow pharmacists to substitute a generic for a brand-name prescription.
The Utility of demographic variables in describing the environmentally responsible behaviour of households in Australia

The use of demographic variables has demonstrated mixed results as a basis for the description of environmentally conscious consumer behaviour. This paper empirically examines the consumption of petrol and electricity against income, education level, occupation status and age. The results from a nationally representative sample in Australia showed no support for the “typical” demographic profile of the environmentally concerned consumer, but confirmed the utility of demographic variables for describing environmentally conscious consumer behaviour. Income was found to be positively correlated with consumption. The results are compared with the US and Canadian studies.
Work organization and preferences dynamics

We present a model with intergenerational transmission of preferences providing a joint explanation of preference evolution and of work organization changes in a society. We focus on the preference for autonomy, defined as an individual's degree of initiative and the value they attach to self direction. We show that the economy has several steady states with different levels of worker autonomy and of the degree of coercion in the work place. The Industrial Revolution and the recent return of flexible forms of organization enable us to illustrate the existence of organizational path dependency. Indeed, the current technological shocks, impacting on the long-run distribution of preferences, modify the future possibilities of adoption of new organizational forms.
Introduction to Ambiguity in Culture and Literature

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, the peer-reviewed, full-text, and open-access learned journal in the humanities and social sciences, publishes new scholarship following tenets of the discipline of comparative literature and the field of cultural studies designated as "comparative cultural studies. " Publications in the journal are indexed in the Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature (Chadwyck-Healey), the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (Thomson Reuters ISI), the Humanities Index (Wilson), Humanities International Complete (EBSCO), the International Bibliography of the Modern Language Association of America, and Scopus (Elsevier). The journal is affiliated with the Purdue University Press monograph series of Books in Comparative Cultural Studies. Contact:
Risk or Mispricing? From the Mouths of Professionals

This article uses two experiments to assess whether security characteristics are associated with returns because investors believe they affect risk, or because investors believe they reflect mispricing. We examine how beta, market-to-book ratios, and firm size affect the returns Wall Street professionals expect, and how those factors affect perceived risk and mispricing. Consistent with traditional asset pricing models, professionals expect firms with higher betas to be riskier investments and to generate higher returns. Consistent with behavioral models, professionals expect firms with higher market-to-book ratios to be overpriced (and riskier). Professionals expect large firms to be less risky, but most do not view firm size to be a sign of mispricing.
Loneliness and Depression among Polish University Students: Preliminary Findings from a Longitudinal Study.

It is widely acknowledged that loneliness and depression are prevalent among university students and may contribute to poor academic achievements or higher probability of dropping out of university. However, the associations between these two phenomena are complex and not fully understood. In this paper we describe preliminary findings from a longitudinal study investigating the interrelationships between loneliness and depression in a representative sample of students of the University of Rzeszow (Poland). The obtained results confirm those from previous studies reporting a stronger and more stable effect of loneliness on depression than vice versa. A temporally stable influence of loneliness on depression suggests that interventions aiming to reduce the intensity of the feeling of loneliness should result in lowering the severity of depressive symptoms. University counselling services should offer interventions targeting loneliness among the students in order to help them to adapt to the challenges of the university education and protect them from developing depression.
The ability of the encephalitic arbovirus Semliki Forest virus to cross the blood brain

The ability of the encephalitic arbovirus Semliki Forest virus to cross the blood brain 1 barrier is determined by the charge of the E2 glycoprotein 2 Mhairi C. Ferguson, Sirle Saul, Rennos Fragkoudis, Sabine Weisheit, Jonathan Cox, 3 Adjanie Patabendige, Karen Sherwood, Mick Watson, Andres Merits and John K. 4 Fazakerley 5 The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF 6 Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia 7 The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easterbush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG 8 Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool 9 Edinburgh Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, 10 University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG 11 Immunology laboratory, Vancouver General Hospital, JPPN1 Room 1569a, 855 West 12th 12 Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada 13 ±both authors contributed equally 14 # john.fazakerley@pirbright.ac. uk 15 Word count for abstract: 249 16 Word count for text: 7623 17 18 JVI Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 13 May 2015 J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.03645-14 Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Terrestrial laser scan error in the presence of dense ground vegetation

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data‐sets are seeing increasing use in geology, geomorphology, forestry and urban mapping. The ease of use, affordability and operational flexibility of TLS suggest that demand for it is likely to increase in large‐scale mapping studies. However, its advantages may remain restricted to specific environments, because of difficulties in defining bare‐ground level in the presence of ground‐level vegetation. This paper seeks to clarify the component contributions to TLS elevation error deriving from vegetation occlusion, scan co‐registration error, point cloud georeferencing error and target position definition in TLS point cloud data. A multi‐scan single‐returns TLS point cloud data‐set of very high resolution (∼250 points/m2) was acquired for an 11 hectare area of open, substantially flat and 100% vegetated coastal saltmarsh, providing data for the empirical quantification of TLS error. Errors deriving from the sources discussed are quantified, clarifying the potential proportional contribution of vegetation to other error sources. Initial data validation is applied to the TLS point cloud data after application of a local‐lowest‐point selection process, and repeat validation tests are applied to the resulting filtered point cloud after application of a kriging‐based error adjustment and data fusion with GPS. The final results highlight the problem of representing bare ground effectively within TLS data captured in the presence of dense ground vegetation and clarify the component contributions of elevation error deriving from surveying and data processing.
Evaluating Optimised Decision Procedures for Propositional Modal K(m) Satis ability

Heavily-optimised decision procedures for propositional modal satisability are now becoming available. Two systems incorporating such procedures for modal K, Dlp and KsatC, are tested on randomly-generated CNF formulae with several sets of parameters, varying the maximum modal depth and ratio of propositional variable to modal subformulae. The results show some easy-hard-easy behaviour, but there is as yet no sharp peak as in propositional satis ability.
ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICS AND STABILITY OF A HIGH -SPEED VEHICLE WITH ELECTRODYNAMICS LEVITATION AND GUIDANCE

Some methods and numerical results on dynamics and stability of a maglev vehicle with discrete track structure obtained in the Institute of transport systems and technology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are discussed. 1. Mathematical model of a vehicle with a discrete track structure . A levitating vehicle is modelled by a rigid body or a few such bodies connected to each other by means of elastic and dissipative ties. The behaviour of the corresponding generalised co-ordinates ) ,. , ( 1 n q q q = is described by the Lagrange equations Q q L q L dt d = −     ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ & (1) where ) , ( q q L L & = is the Lagrange function and ) ,. , ( 1 n Q Q Q = is a vector of nonconservative forces (the last include, in particular, aerodynamical and electrodynamical forces). The currents in the ground coils are determined by the equation ) (t e Ri dt di S = + , (2) where k i ik s S 1 , ] [ = = is a matrix of inductances and R is a resistance of coils, ) ,. , ( 1 p i i i = and ) ,. , ( 1 p e e e = are vectors of currents and electromotive forces . The num ber of coils p is determined by the condition that the currents in the dropped coils are negligible. The value ) (t ek depends on the current co-ordinates of exciting magnets and, therefore, on ) (t q ; in their turn, the forces ) (t Q depend on the currents ) (t i . So, equations (1) and (2) are coupled and should be solved simultaneously. Integration is performed on the interval ] / , 0 [ v H T = where H is a pitch of coils and v is a vehicle speed, then (in view of the shift of the vehicle) new initial conditions 0 ) 0 ( , 1 ,., 1 ), ( ) 0 ( ), ( ) 0 ( 1 = − = = = + p k k i p k T i i T q q are assigned and the process is repeated. 2. Stationary motion: calculation of electrodynamical forces. Under stationary rectilinear motion, the values ) (t qi in a moving co-ordinate system are constants; the vertical co-ordinate of the vehicle 0 z is determined by the condition mg z F = ) ( where ) (z F is the mean value of the total levitation force and m is the vehicle mass. The currents in neighbouring coils satisfy the relation ) ( ) ( 1 T t i t i k k + = + , so it is sufficient to find the current only in one coil for a fixed z and, therefore, for known ) ( ) ( T t e t e k k + = . There exist some analytical methods for solving this problem (see, e.g. [1,2]). Below two new methods using different ideas are proposed. The first method is based on the fact that the diagonal elements of the matrix S , 0 s s ii = (self inductance of the coil) substantially exceed the off -diagonal elements k i q s s q ik − = = , (mutual inductances of the corresponding coils). So it is natural to use a successive approximation method accepting the solution of system (2) with ) ( 0 k i sik ≠ = as the initial approximation. The last may be written as follows
$C^{1,α}$-regularity for surfaces with $H$ in $L^p$

In this paper, we prove several results on the geometry of surfaces immersed in R 3 with small or bounded L 2 norm of | A | . For instance, we prove that if the L 2 norm of | A | and the L p norm of H , p > 2, are sufﬁciently small, then such a surface is graphical away from its boundary. We also prove that given an embedded disk with bounded L 2 norm of | A | , not necessarily small, then such a disk is graphical away from its boundary, provided that the L p norm of H is sufﬁciently small, p > 2. These results are related to previous work of Schoen– Simon (Surfaces with quasiconformal Gauss map. Princeton University Press, Princeton, vol 103, pp 127–146, 1983) and Colding–Minicozzi (Ann Math 160:69–92, 2004).
Nonparametric Wavelet Thresholding and Profile Monitoring for Non-Gaussian Errors

Recent advancements in data collection allow scientists and researchers to obtain massive amounts of information in short periods of time. Often this data is functional and quite complex. Wavelet transforms are popular, particularly in the engineering and manufacturing fields, for handling these types of complicated signals. A common application of wavelets is in statistical process control (SPC), in which one tries to determine as quickly as possible if and when a sequence of profiles has gone out-ofcontrol. However, few wavelet methods have been proposed that don’t rely in some capacity on the assumption that the observational errors are normally distributed. This dissertation aims to fill this void by proposing a simple, nonparametric, distribution-free method of monitoring profiles and estimating changepoints. Using only the magnitudes and location maps of thresholded wavelet coefficients, our method uses the spatial adaptivity property of wavelets to accurately detect profile changes when the signal is obscured with a variety of non-Gaussian errors. Wavelets are also widely used for the purpose of dimension reduction. Applying a thresholding rule to a set of wavelet coefficients results in a “denoised” version of the original function. Once again, existing thresholding procedures generally assume independent, identically distributed normal errors. Thus, the second main focus of this dissertation is a nonparametric method of thresholding that does not assume Gaussian errors, or even that the form of the error distribution is known. We improve upon an existing even-odd cross-validation method by employing block thresholding and level dependence, and show that the proposed method works well on both skewed and heavy-tailed distributions. Such thresholding techniques are essential to the SPC procedure developed above.
Methodology For Generating High-Confidence Cost-Sensitive Rules For Classification

Rule based classifiers are often used to make crucial decision in domains like medicine and business intelligence, where there is a need to build insightful models that are quick to train, perform accurate classification, and take the costs of mistakes into account while making or helping with predictions. The existing techniques that address these requirements suffer from some disadvantages that cause them to generate overly complicated rule sets that sometimes do not perform well on new data, or do not take differing misclassification costs into account. The work proposed here aims to build a rule based classifier that extracts rules that have higher support and confidence than existing techniques as well as a classification model that minimizes the cost incurred from misclassifications by making cost sensitive decisions and flagging instances that are likely to be misclassified.