Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acid Phosphatase Activity In Albino Rats Treated With Aqueous Extracts

Medicinal plants have been shown to contain chemical compounds that are toxic to body organs. Thus, this research investigated the effects of aqueous extract of fresh leaves of Revisio generun on the prostrate in albino rats. Twenty adult male albino rats were grouped into five (A, B, C, D and E), each consisting of four rats. The animals in groups A, B, C and D were administered orally with aqueous extract of Revisio generum with doses 250, 350, 450 and 550mg/kg body weight respectively for seven consecutive days while group E which served as the control was given distilled water and feed only. There was decrease in physical activites in the treated animals compared with the control. The average body weight decreased in the test groups while the control group gained weight . There was a significant increase (P<0.005) in acid phosphatase activity in the treated animals when compared with the control. These observations were found to be dose dependent. The result gotten from this research reveals that the sample may cause harmful effects to the prostate gland as indicated by increase level of acid phosphatase.
Donation after circulatory determination of death: What information to whom?

In opt-in countries, consent to deceased organ donation is obligatory and happens at two levels: 1) The first-person consent to organ donation (or first-person consent), where the person herself/himself consents to organ donation while still alive, either by registering in a national registry for organ donation, by registering through the driving license, by signing an organ donor card, by writing advance directives or by simply telling family members of his/her wish to donate; 2) The surrogate consent to organ donation (or surrogate consent), which is done by the next-of-kin once the patient is dead or nearly dead. Ideally, the surrogate consent should be on behalf of the donor, i.e., it should represent, as for any medical surrogate consents, the patient’s wishes and best interest. In practice, the surrogate consent may be based instead on what the family wants. Informed consent is the person’s authorization of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures [1, 2], based on 1) sufficient and comprehensible information ([3], 2) the patient’s competence to make a decision [4], and 3) a voluntary and free choice, with the absence of manipulation or coercion [5]. This paper will analyze what information is necessary to provide in order to permit first-person and surrogate consent to donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD), as well as recipient consent to DCDD organs reception. DCDD programs have been developed in several countries as a means to increase the organ pool for transplantation, in addition to donation after brain determination of death (DBDD), living donation and the use of expanded criteria donors, i.e., the use of less optimal donors, such as those with comorbidities. Uncontrolled DCDD, which is also termed Maastricht category II [6], concerns patients sustaining a sudden refractory cardiac arrest [7, 8]. Controlled DCDD, also known as Maastricht category III [6], concerns donation after withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (W-LST), once health professionals and family members have agreed that there was no further benefit to continue life-sustaining therapy (LST) [9, 10]. DCDD protocols differ substantially from DBDD protocols, have generally inferior future graft outcome compared with DBDD [9], and raise many ethical issues. However, several of these elements of DCDD are often not disclosed to the general public, influencing firstperson consent to organ donation, to the concerned families, influencing the surrogate consent to organ donation, or to the recipients, influencing their willingness to receive such DCDD organs. We propose here some suggestions to improve the information provided to people regarding DCDD in order to permit an informed choice. Abstract
Correlated isotopic and microstructural studies of turbostratic presolar graphites from the Murchison meteorite

Abstract— –We present data from TEM and NanoSIMS investigations of Murchison (CM2) KFC1 presolar graphites. TEM examinations of graphite ultramicrotome sections reveal varying degrees of graphite disorder, leading to distinctions between well‐graphitized onions, more turbostratic platy graphites, and the most disordered cauliflower graphites. Aside from their larger size, platy graphites are roughly similar in isotopic composition and in internal grain properties to the well‐graphitized onions. Most carbide‐containing platy graphites exhibit large s‐process element enrichments (∼200× solar Mo/Ti ratios), suggesting origins predominantly in AGB carbon stars. The C isotopic distribution of platy graphites is similar to onions, with representatives in both 12C‐depleted (5 < 12C/13C < 40) and 12C‐enriched groups (100 < 12C/13C < 350) and a pronounced gap in the 40 < 12C/13C < 75 region that contains 75% of mainstream SiCs. The large 12C enrichments combined with the extreme s‐process element enrichments suggest formation in an environment inhomogeneously enriched in the nucleosynthetic products of thermal pulses in AGB stars. In contrast, numerous scaly cauliflower graphites show 18O enrichments and lack s‐process‐enriched carbides, suggesting a SN origin, as was the case for many Murchison KE3 SN graphites. The more turbostratic graphites (platy and scaly) are on average larger than onions, likely resulting from formation in a gas with higher C number density. Oxygen content increases progressively with increasing degree of graphite disorder, which can stabilize these grains against further graphitization and may be a reflection of higher O/C ratios in their formation environments.
Determination of unbound prednisolone, prednisone and cortisol in human serum and saliva by on-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and potential implications for drug monitoring of prednisolone and prednisone in saliva.

Prednisolone (PLN) and prednisone (PN) are widely used glucocorticoids. Drug monitoring of PLN and PN is not routinely done owing to the need for multiple blood sampling and challenging measurement of unbound PLN and PN in blood. Here we present a robust method for quantification of cortisol, PLN and PN in serum, ultrafiltrate and saliva by on-line solid-phase extraction LC-MS/MS. The method is linear for the three analytes over the range of 6-1400 nmol/L for serum and 2-450 nmol/L for ultrafiltrate and saliva. Within-run precision of all three analytes was <10% and total precision was <15%. This method was applied to create time-concentration profiles of cortisol, PLN and PN after an oral dose of prednisolone in a healthy volunteer. Salivary levels of PLN correlated well with ultrafiltrate levels (p < 0.01), while this correlation was only marginal for PN (p = 0.052). The PN/PLN ratio was significantly higher in saliva than in ultrafiltrate and serum (p < 0.01). Addition sums of both metabolites in saliva showed excellent correlation with those of ultrafiltrate (p < 0.01). These findings have not been presented before and may have important implications for future studies concerning drug monitoring of PLN and PN in saliva.
K‐ras, p53 mutations, and microsatellite instability (MSI) in gallbladder cancer

Despite the considerable progress in understanding the molecular pathology of carcinogenesis, the genetic mechanisms underlying the development and progression of gallbladder cancer (GC) are poorly understood. The survival of GC patients is generally poor. Therefore, it is very useful to define valuable prognostic factors. The most extensively studied oncogenes in gallbladder carcinogenesis are ras, commonly mutated in neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. K‐ras oncogene is altered in a subset of gallbladder patients and mainly in those having anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tract. Most of the studies of genetic abnormalities in GC have focused on p53 gene. p53 mutation/overexpression and/or LOH is present in more than 50% of gallbladder carcinomas, suggesting an important role in their pathogenesis. However, these results have not any predictive value yet. Moreover, the involvement of an alternative molecular pathway, that of microsatellite instability (MSI), is found in a limited group of GC patients. Additional research is necessary to establish its possible relation to defects of the mismatch repair (MMR) system and its proposed prognostic significance. Further elucidation of the molecular events specific to GC will help to identify novel molecular targets for the diagnosis and clinical management of the patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:644–649. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of a drinking quantity and frequency measure on the prevalence and demographic correlates of DSM-IV alcohol dependence.

BACKGROUND Recent research suggests that adding a quantity/frequency alcohol consumption measure to diagnoses of alcohol use disorders may improve construct validity of the diagnoses for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental and Behavior Disorders (DSM-V). This study explores the epidemiological impact of including weekly at-risk drinking (WAD) in the DMS-IV diagnostic definition of alcohol dependence via 3 hypothetical reformulations of the current criteria. METHODS The sample was the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample with 43,093 adults aged >18 in the U.S interviewed with the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule IV. The current (DSM-IV) definition of alcohol dependence was compared with 4 hypothetical alcohol dependence reformulations that included WAD: (1) WAD added as an eighth criteria; (2) WAD required for a diagnosis; (3) adding abuse and dependence criteria together, and including WAD with a 3 of 12 symptom threshold; (4) adding abuse and dependence criteria together, and including WAD with a 5 of 12 symptom threshold. RESULTS The inclusion of at-risk drinking as an eighth criterion of alcohol dependence has a minimal impact on the sociodemographic correlates of alcohol dependence but substantially increases the prevalence of dependence (from 3.8% to 5.0%). At-risk drinking as a required criterion or as part of a diagnosis that combines abuse with dependence criteria with a higher threshold (5+ criteria) decreases prevalence and has a larger impact on sociodemographic correlates. Blacks, Hispanics, and women are less likely to be included in diagnostic reformulations that include WAD, whereas individuals with low-income and education are more likely to remain diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Including WAD as either a requirement of diagnosis or as an additional criterion would have a large impact on the prevalence of alcohol dependence in the general population. The inclusion of a quantity/frequency requirement may eliminate false positives from studies of alcohol disorder etiology and improve phenotype definition for genetic association studies by reducing heterogeneity in the diagnosis, but may also reduce eligibility for treatment services among women and racial/ethnic minorities compared.
Related Work Our model can be viewed as a Deep Kalman Filter

System identification of complex and nonlinear systems is a central problem for model predictive control and model-based reinforcement learning. Despite their complexity, such systems can often be approximated well by a set of linear dynamical systems if broken into appropriate subsequences. This mechanism not only helps us find good approximations of dynamics, but also gives us deeper insight into the underlying system. Leveraging Bayesian inference, Variational Autoencoders and Concrete relaxations, we show how to learn a richer and more meaningful state space, e.g. encoding joint constraints and collisions with walls in a maze, from partial and highdimensional observations. This representation translates into a gain of accuracy of learned dynamics showcased on various simulated tasks.
Penicillin-binding proteins in Borrelia burgdorferi

Penicillin-binding proteins were identified in Borrelia burgdorferi membranes. A 94-kilodalton penicillin-binding protein was the first to be labeled with tritiated penicillin and was the first band to disappear in a competition experiment. Its binding ability was destroyed when membranes were preboiled. In addition, several of these penicillin-binding proteins comigrated with bands previously identified as surface proteins.
rmed self and a better apology : The effect of self-af fi rmation on transgressors ' responses to victims ☆

• Tested whether self-affirmation could promote more effective apologies. • Affirmed transgressors included more apology elements and fewer defensive strategies. • Affirmed transgressors were thus more likely to respond in ways that boost forgiveness. • First empirical research to identify a method for promoting more effective apologies. • Successful application of self-affirmation theory to interpersonal conflict resolution.
Cephalometric standards for the southern Chinese.

This study presents selected dento-skeletal and soft tissue profile population standards (norms) for southern Chinese children in Hong Kong. The random samples comprised 120 male and 120 female 12-year old subjects. Tabular data and computer graphics are presented for the males and compared to the females. All radiographs were recorded in natural head posture. Conventional analysis has shown the Chinese male to be sagittal Class I (ANB = 3.6°) with bimaxillary dental and alveolar protrusion. The males were 1–2 per cent larger in overall linear dimensions but very few significant intersex differences in angular measurements were found. The lips were more protrusive in the males (p ≤ 0.001). For the dental variables the overbite was significantly greater in the males, with p ≤ 0.01, but the overjet showed no significant difference. Because the great majority of both the Hong Kong Chinese population and the overseas Chinese originated from the southern province of China which adjoins Hong Kong, these cephalometric standards may be validly applied to the 60 million southern Chinese as well as to the substantial populations of overseas Chinese for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment evaluations.
Metformin or Oral Contraceptives for Adolescents With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease. There is limited evidence to support various treatment choices. This leads to variable treatment practices. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the use of metformin versus oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) for the treatment of PCOS in adolescents aged 11 to 19 years. DATA SOURCES: We performed literature searches through Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and gray literature resources, up to January 29, 2015. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts of identified citations, assessed full text eligibility, and extracted information from eligible trials. RESULTS: Four RCTs met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The reviewed evidence came from 170 patients. Overall, OCP treatment resulted in modest improvement in menstrual cycle frequency (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.27, P < .01, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.33 to −0.21) and mild reduction of acne scores (WMD = 0.3, P = .02, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.55). While metformin resulted in greater BMI reduction (WMD = −4.02, P < .01, 95% CI −5.23 to −2.81) it was associated with decreased dysglycemia prevalence (risk ratio: 0.41, P = .02, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.86) and improved total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels. Metformin and OCPs were similar in terms of impact on hirsutism. CONCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS: Current evidence is derived from very low to low quality evidence. Therefore, treatment choice should be guided by patient values and preferences while balancing potential side effects. Future high quality RCTs are needed to address several questions for the treatment of adolescents with PCOS.
Iatrogenic vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth.

Abstract A survey of 31 published cases and 11 original cases of vertical root fractures due to iatrogenic reasons revealed that most of the vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth occurred in mandibular bicuspids and molars in patients aged 41–60 years. The diagnosis of vertical root fracture is difficult because of the late appearance of the signs and the appearance of pure endodontic or periodontal problems. This survey revealed that the most common cause of vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth is the excessive force used during lateral condensation of gutta-percha. Widening of the periodontal ligament along one or both sides of the root, or bone loss in solitary tooth are the major radiographic findings. Mild pain or discomfort and swelling are the major clinical symptoms, and solitary pocket around one aspect of the suspect tooth is the major clinical sign.
Using with Discretion: identifying Emergent Practices around Interactive Public displays

In this paper we adopt a practice lens to investigate discretionary use of publicly available urban ubiquitous technology. We examine what happens when fifteen public interactive multipurpose displays are installed in different locations around a city for the free use of citizens. In city of Oulu, Finland, this technology attracted very little use in all but one location. We conducted a field study at this single “successful” location. There we identified four distinct technology-facilitated emergent practices. The practice lens enabled us to study the public displays not merely as technological entities, but as complex sociotechnical ensembles with cultural, spatial, temporal, social, material, and historical dimensions. This study addressed quite a novel context, technology and user group as regards Information Systems (IS) research. The study contributes to IS literature by pushing the study of discretionary use of technology far from organizational context to technological infrastructures available for citizens in urban settings. The study also offers novel empirical insights for practice oriented IS research. Especially the findings related to children and discretionary technology use are novel in this respect. The practice lens and our findings on the material and bodily aspects are also interesting for the discussions on sociomateriality in IS research.
MR findings in synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint : ur experience and review of literature

Objective: To compare Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) features and their diagnostic potential in the assessment of Synovial Chondromatosis (SC) of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint (TMJ). Materials and methods: Eight patients with symptoms and signs compatible with dysfunctional disorders of the TMJ underwent CT and MR scan. We considered the following parameters: soft tissue involvement (disk included), osteostructural alterations of the joints, loose bodies and intra-articular fluid. These parameters were evaluated separately by two radiologists with a “double blinded method” and then, after agreement, definitive assessment of the parameters was given. CT and MR findings were compared. Results: Histopathological results showed metaplastic synovia in all patients and therefore confirmed diagnosis of SC. MR resulted better than CT in the evaluation of all parameters except the osteostructural alterations of the joints, estimated with more accuracy by CT scan. Conclusions: CT scan is excellent to define bony surfaces of the articular joints and flogistic tissue but it fails in the detection of loose bodies when these are not yet calcified. MR scan therefore is the gold standard when SC is suspected since it can visualize loose bodies at early stage and also evaluate disk condition and eventual extra-articular tissues involvement. The use of T2-weighted images and contrast medium allows identifying intra-articular fluid, estimating its entity and discriminating from sinovial tissue.
Using the NAART to Estimate WRAT-4 Reading Grade Level in a Predominantly African American Sample

Tests of word-reading ability, such as the North American Adult Reading Test (NAART) and Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) Word Reading subtest, are often used by neuropsychologists to estimate premorbid intelligence. However, despite the fundamental basis in reading, little work has been done to calculate or estimate literacy level from NAART performance. Additionally, few prior studies have evaluated the use of word-reading tests in underrepresented populations such as African Americans or individuals with lower socioeconomic status and educational attainment. Finally, while the correlations between the NAART and older editions of the WRAT are known, no study has yet examined the relationship between the NAART and WRAT-Fourth Edition (WRAT-4). The purpose of the current study, then, was to replicate and extend prior research in these areas. NAART and WRAT-4 Word Reading (WRAT4WR) performances were examined in a sample of 173 primarily African American individuals who were HIV-positive and who had an average of fewer than 12 years of education. Analyses revealed a strong correlation between NAART error scores and WRAT4WR raw scores (r = −.866, p < .001). Linear regression was used to establish the predictive equation to estimate WRAT4WR scores from NAART errors. This information allows for determining reading grade-level equivalents based on NAART error scores.
Serum ca 50 as a tumor marker in pancreatic cancer: A comparison with CA 19‐9

CA 50 is a new tumor marker based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against a human colorectal carcinoma cell line. The CA 50 antigen is similar, but not identical, to the tumor marker CA 19‐9. The serum concentrations of CA 50 were measured by an immunoradiometric assay (CA 50 IRMA) in 95 patients with pancreatic cancer and in 94 patients with benign pancreatic, biliary and hepatocellular diseases. The CA 50 concentration was above the cut‐off limit of 17 U/ml in 71% of the patients with pancreatic cancer. Elevated CA 50 levels were also seen in 29% of the patients with benign diseases (up to 250 U/ml), especially in patients with extra‐hepatic cholestasis (34%) and hepatocellular jaundice (46%). The results of the immunoradiometric assay were compared to those of the commercially available CA 50 RIA inhibition test. The sensitivities of the two CA 50 assays for pancreatic cancer were similar, but the specificity of the IRMA assay was higher. The CA 50 and CA 19‐9 values showed a strong positive correlation and the assay parameters of the tests were almost similar. CA 50 seems a promising tumor marker in the detection and follow‐up of patients with pancreatic cancer.