Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Large Observational Study on Adherence to French Prescribing Guidelines and Financial Cost of the Anti-HER2 Antibody Trastuzumab

Objective:This observational study aimed at analyzing adherence to prescribing guidelines of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Efficacy and costs were also evaluated. Methods:The adherence to the trastuzumab treatment plan was analyzed according to both the French postlicensing guidelines published in 2001 and clinical guidelines from the regional cancer network in a cohort of 131 consecutive patients. Results:The level of appropriateness to the molecular target was very high (92% of the patients showed a positive HER2 status, defined as HER2 3+ confirmed by immunohistochemistry or 2+ confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization). The treatment plan was made according to the French postlicensing guidelines in 41 patients (31.3%) and to the regional clinical guidelines for 109 patients (83.2%). The main reason for the difference was the type of molecules authorized for combination to trastuzumab. The median overall survival of the studied population was 18.6 months and the median progression-free survival rate was 7.7 months. Up to death or end of the study, the overall cost for the treatment of breast cancer with trastuzumab per patient and per year was &U20AC;47,832. Conclusion:This quite low adherence of clinicians to the French postlicensing guidelines is in contrast with the high level of adherence to the regional clinical guidelines. The reason is that the latter are less rigid about previously received treatments and enlarge the potential associated cytotoxics to vinorelbine. This supports the French National Cancer Institute decision to get expert clinicians involved together with the French agency for sanitary security of health products and the high health authority in a common elaboration of guidelines.
Perceived social support and the psychological well-being of AIDS orphans in urban Kenya

Parental deaths due to AIDS seriously affect the psychological well-being of children. Social support may provide an effective resource in the care of vulnerable children in resource-limited settings. However, few studies have examined the relationships between social support and psychological well-being among AIDS orphans. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore associations between perceived social support (PSS) and the psychological well-being of AIDS orphans, and to identify socio-demographic factors that are associated with PSS. Data were collected from 398 pairs of AIDS orphans (aged 10–18 years) and their caregivers in Nairobi, Kenya. The participants provided information on their socio-demographic characteristics, the children's PSS, and the children's psychological status (based on measures of depressive symptoms and self-esteem). Of the 398 pairs, 327 were included in the analysis. PSS scores of AIDS orphans showed significant correlations with depressive symptoms (ρ =−0.31, p<0.001) and self-esteem (ρ=0.32, p<0.001). Socio-demographic factors, such as HIV-positive status of children (β=3.714, p=0.014) and cohabitation with siblings (β=3.044, p=0.016), were also associated with higher PSS scores. In particular, HIV-infected children (n=37) had higher scores of PSS from a special person (β=2.208, p=0.004), and children living with biological siblings (n=269) also had higher scores of PSS from both a special person (β=1.411, p=0.029) and friends (β=1.276, p=0.039). In conclusion, this study showed that PSS is positively associated with the psychological well-being of AIDS orphans. Siblings and special persons can be effective sources of social support for AIDS orphans, which help to promote their psychological well-being.
An approach for detecting learning styles in learning management systems based on learners ’ behaviours

Automatic detection of learning styles in learning management systems (LMSs) is an important problem in which many researchers have proven their interest because it enhances learning efficiency by implementing adaptation dynamically. In an attempt to find out an effective solution for the problem, we propose a new literature-based method to estimate students’ learning styles automatically. We used recorded data of learners’ behaviours during their interactions with learning objects and a mapping rule to infer learning styles with respect to the Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model. The results of our method obtained through an experimental course were compared with those obtained through the Index of Learning Style questionnaire. The comparison showed a high precision of our method in identifying learning styles. Moreover, the method does not depend on a particular LMS. These characteristics indicate that the proposed method is promising and capable for wide use.
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor is essential for cardiomyocyte development

The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a transmembrane protein that is known to be a site of viral attachment and entry, but its physiologic functions are undefined. CAR expression is maximal in neonates and wanes rapidly after birth in organs such as heart, muscle, and brain, suggesting that CAR plays a role in the development of these tissues. Here, we show that CAR deficiency resulted in an embryonic lethal condition associated with cardiac defects. Specifically, commencing ∼10.5 days postconception (dpc), CAR−/− cardiomyocytes exhibited regional apoptosis evidenced by both histopathologic features of cell death and positive staining for the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3. CAR−/− fetuses invariably suffered from degeneration of the myocardial wall and thoracic hemorrhaging, leading to death by 11.5 dpc. These findings are consistent with the view that CAR provides positive survival signals to cardiomyocytes that are essential for normal heart development. genesis 42:77–85, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensorimotor cortical activity in patients with complete spinal cord injury: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Residual activation of the cortex was investigated in nine patients with complete spinal cord injury between T6 and L1 by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Brain activations were recorded under four conditions: (1) a patient attempting to move his toes with flexion-extension, (2) a patient imagining the same movement, (3) passive proprio-somesthesic stimulation of the big toes without visual control, and (4) passive proprio-somesthesic stimulation of the big toes with visual control by the patient. Passive proprio-somesthesic stimulation of the toes generated activation posterior to the central sulcus in the three patients who also showed a somesthesic evoked potential response to somesthesic stimulation. When performed under visual control, activations were observed in two more patients. In all patients, activations were found in the cortical areas involved in motor control (i.e., primary sensorimotor cortex, premotor regions and supplementary motor area [SMA]) during attempts to move or mental imagery of these tasks. It is concluded that even several years after injury with some local cortical reorganization, activation of lower limb cortical networks can be generated either by the attempt to move, the mental evocation of the action, or the visual feedback of a passive proprio-somesthesic stimulation.
Risk factors of persistent diarrhea in children below five years of age.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Persistent diarrhea is a known cause of childhood mortality, morbidity and malnutrition in developing countries. This study was conducted to find out the host and environmental risk factors associated with persistent diarrhea in Bangladeshi children below 5 years of age. DESIGN Prospective analytic case-control study. SETTING Tertiary hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS Fifty children with persistent diarrhea and 50 controls with acute diarrhea (matched for age and sex) comprised the study subjects. RESULTS Most of the children (82%) were aged below 2 years. Among the risk factors, Grade III malnutrition (p<0.008), irrational antibiotic use during acute diarrheal episode (p<0.0000005), use of unsafe drinking water (p<0.004) and lack of exclusive breast-feeding up to the first four months of life (p<0.004) were significantly associated with persistent diarrhea. Logistic analysis showed irrational antibiotic use (p<0.0001) during an episode of acute diarrhea and lack of exclusive breast-feeding (p<0.05) during the first four months of life as independent risk factors associated with persistent diarrhea. CONCLUSION Improvement of nutritional status, encouraging exclusive breast-feeding during the first four months of life, discouraging the irrational use of antibiotic for the treatment of acute diarrhea, and provision of safe drinking water may be important for the prevention of persistent diarrhea as these have been identified as risk factors in Bangladeshi children below five years of age.
Prevalence of HIV-1 Dual Infection in Long-Term Nonprogressor–Elite Controllers

Introduction:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) dual infection (DI) in long-term nonprogressor–elite controller patients (LTNP-EC) has been described only in sporadic cases and then, consequences in disease progression are not clearly established. To fill-up this limited knowledge, we analyzed, for the first time, the prevalence, host genetic polymorphisms, and clinical consequences of HIV-1 DI in a group of LTNP-EC. Methods:For DI detection, nucleotide sequences in env gene from viruses from 20 LTNP-EC were analyzed by maximum likelihood. Epidemiological and clinical parameters and host factors of patients were also studied. Results:DI was detected in 4 (20%) of the 20 LTNP-EC, of which 3 maintained the elite controller status. CD4+ T-cell counts were not different between single and DI patients although higher CD8+ T-cell counts were observed in DI patients, and, consequently, the CD4+/CD8+ ratios were lower in LTNP-EC DI patients. Conclusions:Prevalence of HIV-1 DIs in LTNP-EC is similar to other groups of HIV-1 patients; in addition, DI was not associated with loss of disease control in the patients. These DI LTNP-EC patients showed, in comparison with single infected patients, higher numbers of CD8+ T cells and lower CD4+/CD8+ ratios.
On Discontinuities in Motor Learning: A Longitudinal Study of Complex Skill Acquisition on a Ski-Simulator

Abstract The qualitative behavioral reorganizations that occurred during the acquisition of a complex motor skill were examined. Five novice participants practiced for 39 sessions of ten 1-min trials on a modified version of the ski-simulator. Analyses focused on the motion of the apparatus platform, modeled as a self-sustained oscillator. At the beginning of the experiment, all participants adopted a behavior that could be modeled with a highly nonlinear stiffness function and a Rayleigh damping function. The behavior in the final part of the experiment was captured by a qualitatively different model, with a linear stiffness function and a van der Pol damping behavior. The transition from the initial to the final model was gradual and was marked in most cases by an abrupt increase of oscillation frequency. During the transition stage, the 2 damping behaviors seemed alternately exploited within each trial. The results are discussed in the framework of the dynamical systems approach to motor coordination and learning, considering motor skill acquisition as a phase transition.
Transnational corruption and innovation in transition economies

In this paper, we examine how transnational corruption affects host country firms' innovation behaviour and performance in transition economies of Eastern Europe and Central and Western Asia. Using firm-level data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey, we show that the involvement of foreign firms in corruption practices reduces the propensity of firms in host countries to invest in research and development and harms their ability to improve their existing products and services. Using a simultaneousequations recursive model and controlling for various innovation determinants, we also show that the reduction in innovation effort ultimately also hurts the host country's long-term ability to successfully bring new products on the market through indirect effects.
The challenge of defining wellbeing

Wellbeing is a growing area of research, yet the question of how it should be defined remains unanswered. This multi-disciplinary review explores past attempts to define wellbeing and provides an overview of the main theoretical perspectives, from the work of Aristotle to the present day. The article argues that many attempts at expressing its nature have focused purely on dimensions of wellbeing, rather than on definition. Among these theoretical perspectives, we highlight the pertinence of dynamic equilibrium theory of wellbeing (Headey & Wearing, 1989), the effect of life challenges on homeostasis (Cummins, 2010) and the lifespan model of development (Hendry & Kloep, 2002). Consequently, we conclude that it would be appropriate for a new definition of wellbeing to centre on a state of equilibrium or balance that can be affected by life events or challenges. The article closes by proposing this new definition, which we believe to be simple, universal in application, optimistic and a basis for measurement. This definition conveys the multi-faceted nature of wellbeing and can help individuals and policy makers move forward in their understanding of this popular term.
Altered expression of transforming growth factor‐β1 in cervical neoplasia as an early biomarker in carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix

Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is a potent growth inhibitor of epithelial cell growth, but can also stimulate stromal cell growth. Loss of responsiveness to TGF‐β1 or loss of TGF‐β1 itself may be important in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to invasive cervical carcinoma.
Association of plasma dilution with cardiopulmonary bypass-associated bleeding and morbidity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of cardiopulmonary bypass-associated plasma dilution with blood product transfusion and postoperative morbidity. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Single academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred forty adults undergoing cardiac surgery between January 4, 2005 and September 19, 2007. INTERVENTIONS Records were analyzed for demographics, blood volumes (BVs), and fluid balance. Plasma protein concentrations (% of baseline) at the end of bypass were calculated. The lowest and highest quartiles of plasma protein concentration were correlated with blood product administration and postoperative complications. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS At the end of bypass, calculated plasma protein concentrations ranged from a low of 10% to a high of 111% of baseline. Concentrations below 45% of baseline were associated with increased blood product administration, longer ventilator support, and longer intensive care unit stay. CONCLUSIONS Patient morbidity and likelihood of transfusion were associated with calculated plasma protein concentrations below 45% of baseline. Bleeding and administered fluids decrease both hematocrit and plasma proteins. Infusion of washed, salvaged blood or red blood cells raises hematocrit, but further dilutes clotting factors. If this dilution is excessive, coagulopathy may ensue. Patients with the smallest BVs are at greatest risk, but dilution can negatively impact patients with large BVs as well if the fluid used for cardiopulmonary bypass prime and anesthesia management represents a significant fraction of total BV.
A Model of Users' Satisfaction with Taiwan's Government Website

Taiwan's Government web portal has been the sole communication link between citizens and E-Government since being launched in 2002 to provide citizens with government-related information promptly via effective classification. The assessment of the service quality and citizens' satisfaction with E-Government has rarely been explored. The present study explored how the service quality of E-Govemment subsequently affects the users' psychological and behavioral responses. A structural model was proposed that contained four constructs: service quality, service value, users' satisfaction, and behavioral intention as well as their interrelations. A survey was used to collect users' ratings. Structural equation modeling was applied to verify the factor analysis of the obtained data and fit of a model. Analyses indicated adequate fit of model as follows: E-Government service quality → service value → users' satisfaction → behavioral intention.
Transient inertial flows: A new degree of freedom for particle focusing in microfluidic channels

This paper reports a new inertial particle focusing approach using a rapidly changing flow rate in microfluidic channels. The transient flow rate effects manipulates the relative velocity between the particles and the main flow, therefore changes the balance between the (inertial) hydrodynamic forces acting on the particle. A comparative analysis was conducted with a theoretical basis in inertial flow phenomena for both constant and transient flow rates in straight rectangular channels. Results found using an apparent size correlation (ASC) three-dimensional particle tracking method indicate that particles focus in different equilibrium positions depending on whether a constant or changing flow rate is applied.
Exchange Rate and Stock Prices in Nigeria: Firm-Level Evidence

ABSTRACT This study examined the symmetry and asymmetry of the exchange rate-stock price nexus for 54 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). We employed asymmetric Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model proposed for time series, using daily data for the period from December 12, 2001 to December 8, 2017 . For comparative purposes, we also estimated the symmetric version. In the linear model, we found insignificant relationship between exchange rate and stock prices in most of the firms. Similarly, in the NARDL estimations, we observed that exchange rate movements do not have asymmetric impacts on stock prices in almost all the firms. In line with these findings, we recommend that financiers cannot make informed investment decisions using information obtained from the exchange rate market. In addition, the monetary authorities may need to reconsider the strict use of exchange rate as a policy tool to attract foreign portfolio investment.
When do psychiatric side effects emerge during antiviral treatment of hepatitis C?

BACKGROUND This retrospective study aimed to determine the time-frame regarding the first appearance of psychiatric side effects in the course of antiviral treatment and the subsequent referral to consultation-liaison psychiatric services. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Medical records of patients receiving combined antiviral treatment with alpha interferon and ribavirin for hepatitis C at a hepatology outpatient clinic and referred to psychiatric consultation between April 2000 and July 2011 were scrutinized. RESULTS Time between the initiation of antiviral treatment and the first appearance of psychiatric symptoms was 10.64±10.68 weeks. Patients were referred to psychiatric examination 16.1±12.7 weeks after antiviral treatment had been commenced. The time frame of the emergence of psychiatric symptoms and the referral for psychiatric consultation did not correlate with the patients' age or sex. No relationship between substance/alcohol abuse and psychiatric history and the timing of psychiatric side effects and their assessment were found. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that psychiatric side effects appear late in the course of combined antiviral treatment arising after 10.64±10.68 weeks the treatment started. The results also showed that some patients' psychiatric symptoms appeared immediately after the beginning of the antiviral therapy. This finding underlines the importance of monitoring patients' psychiatric condition as soon as antiviral treatment commences.
The Spread of Modern Industry to the Periphery since 1871

Ever since the Industrial Revolution of the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries, industrialization has been the key to modern economic growth. The fact that modern industry originated in Britain, and spread initially to north-western Europe and North America, implied a dramatic divergence in living standards between the industrial North (or 'West') and a non-industrial, or even de-industrializing, South (or 'Rest'). This nineteenth-century divergence, which had profound economic, military, and geopolitical implications, has been studied in great detail by many economists and historians. Today, this divergence between the 'West' and the 'Rest' is visibly unravelling, as economies in Asia, Latin America and even sub-Saharan Africa converge on the rich economies of Europe and North America. This phenomenon, which is set to define the twenty-first century, both economically and politically, has also been the subject of a considerable amount of research. Less appreciated, however, are the deep historical roots of this convergence process, and in particular of the spread of modern industry to the global periphery. This volume fills this gap by providing a systematic, comparative, historical account of the spread of modern manufacturing beyond its traditional heartland, to Southern and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, or what we call the poor periphery. It identifies the timing of this convergence, finding that this was fastest in the interwar and post-World War II years, not the more recent 'miracle growth' years. It also identifies which driving forces were common to all periphery countries, and which were not. Contributors to this volume - Gareth Austin, University of Cambridge Jean-Pascal Bassino, Ecole normale superieure de Lyon Agustin Benetrix, Trinity College Dublin Loren Brandt, University of Toronto Gerardo della Paolera, Universidad de San Andres Xavier Duran, Manchester Business School Ewout Frankema, Wageningen University Matteo Gomellini , Banca d'Italia Aurora Gomez Galvarriato, Harvard University Bishnupriya Gupta, University of Warwick Martin Ivanov, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Morten Jerven, Simon Fraser University Ula? Karakoc, London School of Economics Alexander Klein, University of Kent Michael Kopsidis, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies Debin Ma, London School of Economics Andrei Markevich, The New Economic School Graciela Marquez Colin, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Aldo Musacchio, Brandeis University Steven Nafziger, Williams College Kevin O'Rourke, All Souls College, Oxford ? evket Pamuk, The Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History Laura Panza, University of Melbourne Dwight Perkins, Harvard University Thomas Rawski, University of Pittsburgh Tirthankar Roy, London School of Economics Max-Stephan Schulze, London School of Economics John Tang, Australian National University Gianni Toniolo, Duke University Tamas Vonyo, Bocconi University Jeffrey Williamson, emeritus, Harvard University