Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Mixture of Coffee or Chocolate to Milk in the Progression of Des-Remineralization of Tooth Enamel - An in Vitro Study

Objective: To evaluate if there is any interference when adding coffee or chocolate to cow milk in the enamel des-remineralization process (orange juice/saliva). Material and Methods: 48 specimens of human enamel (4x4 mm) were included in acrylic resin, ground flat, polished and randomly divided into the following experimental groups (n = 8): G1-saliva, G2-orange juice, G3 orange juice / milk; G4-Orange Juice / Chocolate, G5- Orange Juice / Coffee + milk and G6- milk. Each group was immersed for 60 seconds on each solution proposed and then immersed for 30 minutes in saliva. This cycle was repeated 4 times. Prior to these cycles, the Knoop microhardness average of each specimen was obtained. After the challenges proposed, the final microhardness average was calculated. The values obtained from the difference between the initial and final microhardness were subjected to ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p <0,05). Results: The orange juice had the highest change in microhardness and statistically different from all other groups. The microhardness change was statistically similar in the groups submitted to orange juice followed by immersion in milk, in chocolate and in the mixture milk + coffee. The pure milk and saliva caused no change in surface hardness of enamel. Conclusion: Milk or the addition of chocolate and coffee to milk was able to produce a protective effect of the enamel surface against an erosive challenge.
The predictors and performance-related outcomes of bi-directional work-family conflict: An empirical study

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of the conflicting domains of work and life with employees' self-evaluated performance. Absenteeism has also been included in the study as a variable that has direct effects on both family-work conflict (FWC) and performance. Demographic variables have been taken in as background predictors of the independent variables of the basic model. The study was conducted on employees of local banks in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Findings revealed that work-family conflict (WFC) has no significant effect on performance whereas FWC and absenteeism were found to be significant and negative predictors of performance. Absenteeism was also found to have a positive association with FWC. A cultural analysis was conducted to understand the effects of the demographic variables. Key words: Work-family conflict (WFC), family-work conflict (FWC), absenteeism, self-evaluated performance.
Comparison of gap in noise test results between congenital blind and sighted subjects with normal hearing

Background and Aims: Main feature of auditory processing abilities is temporal processing including temporal resolution, temporal ordering, temporal integration and temporal masking. Many studies have shown the superiority of blinds in temporal discrimination over sighted subjects. In this study, temporal processing was compared in congenital blind subjects with sighted controls via gap in noise test (GIN). Methods: This analytic -prescriptive non-invasive cohort study was conducted on 22 congenital blinds (11 males and 11 females) with a mean age of 26.22 years and 22 sighted control subjects (11 males and 11 females) with a mean age of 24.04 years with normal hearing in faculty of Rehabilitation Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Gap in noise test results, approximate threshold and percent of corrected answers, were obtained and then, were analyzed by Mann-Whitney non-parametric statistical test. Results: There was a significant difference in the approximate threshold and the percent of corrected answers between congenital blinds and sighted control subjects (p 0.05). Conclusion: Auditory temporal resolution ability, the lower approximate threshold and the more corrected answers in gap in noise, in blind subjects is better than the sighted control group and it might be related to the compensative neuroplasticity after visual deprivation.
Antifungal potential and biochemical effects of monoterpenes and phenylpropenes on plant

Marei G.I. Kh. , Abdelgalei S.A.M. (2018): Antifungal potential and biochemical effects of monoterpenes and phenylpropenes on plant pathogenic fungi. Plant Protect. Sci., 54: 9–16. To develop new natural fungicides, six monoterpenes and two phenylpropenes were tested for their antifungal activity against eight plant pathogenic fungi. The results of the mycelial growth inhibition assay showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde was the most potent compound against the eight tested fungi with EC50 values ranging between 0.75 and 3.19 mg/l. This compound caused the higher mycelial growth inhibition than carbendazim. Furthermore, (–)-menthone exhibited strong antifungal activity against alternaria solani (EC50 = 9.31 mg/l), Penicillium digitatum (EC50 = 16.14 mg/l), and rhizoctonia solani (EC50 = 24.69 mg/l). Likewise, eugenol showed potent antifungal activity against P. digitatum, r. solani, Fusarium solani, and a. solani, whereas EC50 values were less than 30.0 mg/l. In a separate experiment, trans-cinnamaldehyde, p-cymene, eugenol, and (–)-menthone were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on pectin methyl esterase and cellulase. The tested compounds exhibited the pronounced inhibition of enzyme activities with trans-cinnamaldehyde being the most potent inhibitor for both enzymes.
An empirical investigation on factors influencing on electronic banking for developing export

Article history: Received January 12, 2013 Received in revised format 30 April 2013 Accepted 12 May 2013 Available online May 14 2013 Developing economy needs appropriate infrastructure in different areas including electronic banking. This paper presents an empirical investigation on important factors influencing electronic banking for developing exports in Iran. The proposed study of this paper designs a questionnaire and distributes it among 200 regular customers who use banking services of various banks in city of Tehran, Iran. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.752 and there are five factors including internet infrastructure, advanced services, usability and information design. The most important sub-criteria include building required culture, customer awareness, the role of government, internet knowledge and compatibility with internet technology. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of Dividend and Earnings Announcements on Share Prices: Nepalese Evidence

The paper investigates the effect of dividend and earnings announcements on share prices in Nepal between 2000 and 2011. The study finds, dividend increased (decreased) announcement effect positively (negatively) during the dividend announcement period. Similarly, the announcement of Dividend increasedEarnings increased (Dividend decreased-Earnings decreased) shows positive (negative) influence on the share prices. The study also finds the significant effect of constant dividend announcement on share price. The reason behind this phenomenon could be that the investors perceive ‘no change in the dividend’ positively. This result suggests that the both dividend increase and decrease convey useful information to the market. The results accept the dividend signalling hypothesis but reject the semi-strong form of market efficiency.
Acute High Temperature Response in Wheat

Agronomy Journa l • Volume 110 , I s sue 4 • 2018 High temperatures for short periods (acute heat stress as heat waves) have the potential to significantly reduce grain production and quality of arable cropping systems. Along with expected global increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration and average ambient temperature, due to climate change, there will be an increase in the frequency of heat waves combined with increasingly severe terminal drought for many cropping regions (IPCC, 2012). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a significant staple grain with worldwide production of 672 million tonnes in 2012 (FAOSTAT, 2014) and providing an important source of human nutrition. Sustaining production into the future requires the ongoing adaption of cropping systems through breeding and appropriate agronomic strategies which limit the impact of abiotic stresses including high-temperature effects. In the development of adaptive management strategies, simulation modeling provides a powerful tool to investigate the effects of climate and weather variability on wheat production (Semenov and Porter, 1995; Wang et al., 2017), where those insights are possible due to the mechanistic nature of biophysical models (Jamieson and Semenov, 2000). Currently, however, few crop models adequately account for the response of wheat to high temperature as heat wave conditions during the reproductive and grain filling phase (Barlow et al., 2015). Consequently there is a need for algorithms which describe the crop response to such high temperature (Barlow et al., 2015; Zheng et al., 2012), with an emphasis on response during the reproductive and grain filling phases (Sánchez et al., 2014). Wheat production is affected by high temperatures through the plants response to both (i) above-optimum temperatures for an extended period (Fischer, 1985), or (ii) heat-shock response which is triggered by a few days of extremely high air temperatures, particularly during the reproductive phase (>32°C) (Blumenthal et al., 1994; Stone and Nicolas, 1994; Wardlaw and Wrigley, 1994). The optimum temperature for grain development ranges from 12 to 22°C (Farooq et al., 2011) and although increasing temperature and photosynthesis boosts supply of assimilates, this may not fully compensate for shortened duration of starch deposition, where generally higher temperature produces smaller grains and limits yield (Andrew, 1987; Spiertz Acute High Temperature Response in Wheat
Bifurcation of nonlinear Tollmien–Schlichting waves in a high-speed channel flow

Plane Poiseuille flow has long served as the simplest testing ground for Tollmien–Schlichting wave instability. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive comparison of equilibrium Tollmien–Schlichting wave solutions arising from new high-resolution Navier–Stokes calculations and the corresponding predictions of various large-Reynolds-number asymptotic theories developed in the last century, such as double-deck theory, viscous nonlinear critical layer theory and strongly nonlinear critical layer theory. In the relatively small to moderate amplitude regime, the theories excellently predict the behaviour of the numerical solutions at Reynolds numbers of order $10^{6}$ and above, whilst for larger amplitudes our computations suggest the need for further asymptotic theories to be developed.
Managerial Entrenchment and Corporate Social Performance

We examine empirically the relationships amongst managerial entrenchment practices, social performance, and financial performance. We hypothesize that entrenched managers may collude with non-shareholder stakeholders in order to reinforce their entrenchment strategy; this is particularly so in firms that have efficient internal control mechanisms. Moreover, we prove that the combination of entrenchment strategies and the implementation of socially responsible actions have particularly negative effects on financial performance. We test these contentions with a sample of 358 companies, from 22 different countries, for the period 2002-2005. Copyright (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Syddansk Universitet Total and Trimester-Specific Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Birth and Early Childhood Weight A Prospective Cohort Study on Monozygotic Twin Mothers and Their Offspring

Citation for pulished version (APA): Scheers Andersson, E. , Silventoinen, K. , Tynelius, P., Nohr, E. A. , Sørensen, T. I. A. , & Rasmussen, F. (2016). Total and Trimester-Specific Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Birth and Early Childhood Weight: A Prospective Cohort Study on Monozygotic Twin Mothers and Their Offspring. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 19(4), 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016. 37
The incorporation of risk into the clean-surplus valuation model: evidence from UK stocks

Prior studies on equity valuation, use Ohlson’s (1995) valuation model which assumes risk neutrality. This paper ex-amines the issue of how one can generalize and modify the analysis in order to incorporate risk. To do so we replace the risk free rate with a risk-adjusted interest rate that can be used as a firm’s cost of equity capital. More specifically, we test the empirical validity of the standard clean-surplus valuation model against that of the clean surplus approach within a risk-adjusted framework for two sectors of the British equity market using panel data techniques. To anticipate the results, these models appear to be equally reliable empirical share valuation models, for the two sectors examined by this paper. GLS . This m-statistic has an asymptotic 2 k (cid:70) distribution. Accepting the null hypothesis suggests the use of the generalized least square estimator. Rejecting the null hypothesis indicates the use of the ordinary least square estimator df (degrees of freedom), p-value at 95% confidence level.
Job and worker flows: New stylized facts for Germany

We study the relationship between cyclical job and worker flows at the establishment level using the new German AWFP dataset spanning from 1975-2014. We find that worker turnover moves more procyclical than job turnover. This procyclical worker churn takes place along the entire employment growth distribution of establishments. We show that these procyclical conditional worker flows result almost exclusively from job-tojob transitions. Growing establishments fuel their employment growth by poaching workers from other establishments as the boom matures. At the same time, non-growing establishments replace these workers by hiring from other establishments and non-employment.
LEAD (Pb) EXPOSURE THROUGH DRINKING WATER: LESSONS TO BE LEARNED FROM RECENT U.S. EXPERIENCE

Lead (Pb) particles that detach from the plumbing and contaminate drinking water can pose a significant health threat, which is often underestimated. Laboratory simulation of this problem revealed that standard quantification protocols in the US may miss 80% of the lead present in the water. At the same time, a significant fraction of this undetected particulate lead may be bioavailable when ingested. A critical review of the Washington DC lead-in-water crisis suggested that lead in water might constitute a greater public health risk than generally acknowledged, in at least some circumstances. It also revealed deficiencies in the public health response as well as in alerting the public to elevated levels of lead, and the subject continues to be mired in controversy. Our independent testing at six Washington DC public schools in 2008 showed that problems with elevated lead still persist at 2-41% of taps sampled at each school, even after remedial measures were implemented.
A pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor under short hydraulic retention time for municipal wastewater treatment: performance and microbial community identification

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) processes are a promising method of recovering energy from municipal wastewater. In this study, a pilot-scale AnMBR with extremely short hydraulic retention time (HRT = 2.2 h) was operated at a flux of 6 L/(m 2 h) for 340 days without any membrane cleaning. The average value achieved for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 87% and for methane yield was 0.12 L CH 4 /gCOD removed . Based on mass balance analysis, it was found that about 30% of total influent COD was used for methane conversion, 15% of COD for sulfate reduction, 10% for biomass growth and 10–20% of COD remained in the effluent. Microbial community analyses indicated that seasonal changes of feedwater (in terms of organic components and temperature) led to the variations of microbial community structures. Among the bacterial communities, Chloroflexi , Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the three most predominant phyla. In the archaeal consortia, WCHA1-57 and Methanobacterium surpassed Methanosaeta and Methanolinea to become the predominant methanogens during the long-term operation of short HRT. The sulfate-reducing bacteria, accounting for less than 2% of total abundance of bacteria, might not be the dominant competitor against methanogens.
Stimulation of Neural Cells by Lateral Currents in Conductive Layer‐by‐Layer Films of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

electron displays and lighting elements. [13,14] We strongly believe that one of the most prolific areas of their applications will be in biomedicine, where compact, strong, and high-performance devices can be engineered. These devices will exploit the properties of SWNTs and will compete with existing products. The novel technologies of diagnostics and therapeutics can be based on SWNT composites and individual tubes. Along these lines, SWNTs have been demonstrated as potential sensing materials of biological systems, [15–19] which are typically considered for the use in ex vivo modality. The potential use of SWNT-based structures for the purpose of healing neurological and brain-related injuries represents one of the major scientific and practical interests. The high mechanical strength and electrical properties possessed by SWNTs makes these materials perfect candidates for various prosthetic devices, including bone and joint repair. It is important to realize, however, that successful utilization of SWNT-based devices in biomedicine is hinged on the ability of such materials to interface with living cells, support their growth, and at the same time preserve their viability. [20–24] These factors are not well understood for any SWNT structures, which limits the development of in vivo, that is, implantable devices from such materials. The actual processes and techniques used for the preparation of macroscopic objects from SWNTs will play a significant role in determining cellular effects of SWNT composites. Substrates prepared from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as well as SWNTs have been reported to be biocompatible platforms for neuronal growth and differentiation. [25–27] The use of carbon nanofiber composites as devices for neural- and bone-tissue-implant integration has also been described. [28] Molecular engineering of any SWNT-based composite should have a great effect on how the material performs during long-term contact with tissue. The layer-by-layer (LBL) approach to prepare SWNT structures can be particularly useful in this respect because it allows one to exert control over the structure of the SWNT/polymer systems from angstrom to nanometer and micrometer scale, which is necessity for the engineering of the cell/SWNT interface. [29] Recently, we demonstrated that SWNT LBL films can support the growth, viability, and differentiation of neuronal NG10815 neuroblastoma/glioma hybrid cells. [30] The first example of free-standing SWNT/polymer thin-film membranes that can be mechanically compatible with tissues and can be used as implants and repair devices for neurological- or brain-related injuries has been demonstrated. [30] The free-standing SWNT/ polyelectrolyte multilayers can serve as a prototype for a variety of nanotube-based implants.
The Incompressible Euler Limit of the Boltzmann Equation with Accommodation Boundary Condition

The convergence of solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations set in a domain with boundary to solutions of the Euler equations in the large Reynolds number limit is a challenging open problem both in 2 and 3 space dimensions. In particular it is distinct from the question of existence in the large of a smooth solution of the initial-boundary value problem for the Euler equations. The present paper proposes three results in that direction. First, if the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations satisfy a slip boundary condition with vanishing slip coefficient in the large Reynolds number limit, we show by an energy method that they converge to the classical solution of the Euler equations on its time interval of existence. Next we show that the incompressible Navier-Stokes limit of the Boltzmann equation with Maxwell's accommodation condition at the boundary is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary condition, and we express the slip coefficient at the fluid level in terms of the accommodation parameter at the kinetic level. This second result is formal, in the style of [Bardos-Golse-Levermore, J. Stat. Phys. 63 (1991), 323-344]. Finally, we establish the incompressible Euler limit of the Boltzmann equation set in a domain with boundary with Maxwell's accommodation condition assuming that the accommodation parameter is small enough in terms of the Knudsen number. Our proof uses the relative entropy method following closely the analysis in [L. Saint-Raymond, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 166 (2003), 47-80] in the case of the 3-torus, except for the boundary terms, which require special treatment.
INITIAL HEIGHT AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON DEFERRED

Thus study was conducted with the objective of evaluating production and forage characteristics of Signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) deferred at different initial heights and nitrogen doses. Three initial sward heights (low 10 cm, medium 20 cm and high 30 cm), three nitrogen doses (40, 80 and 120 kg/ha) and a control treatment, of no fertilization were evaluated. The experimental design utilized was of completely randomized blocks with three replications, in a subdivided-plot arrangement. There was no interaction between sward initial height and nitrogen dose for the variables analyzed. The Signalgrass deferred at an elevated initial height presented greater masses of forage, live stem, dead stem and dead leaves; higher percentage of dead stem and falling rate; and lower number of vegetative tillers, percentage of live leaves and live leaf/live stem ratio. Elevation in the nitrogen dose increase along with the number of live and vegetative tillers; masses of forage, live stem, dead stem, dead leaves and live leaves; percentage of live stem; and live tissue/dead tissue ratio; and reduced the percentage of dead leaves and the live leaf/live stem ratio. Signalgrass can be deferred at low and medium initial heights and varied nitrogen doses, according to the objectives and possibilities of the
Fertility and hatchability of eggs and growth performance of mini- incubator hatched indigenous chicken in rural areas of Bangladesh

A study was conducted to investigate the performance of mini-hatchery of Indigenous chicken set under four villages of Jhenaigati upazilla of Sherpur district in Bangladesh. A total of 1070 eggs from Indigenous chicken were collected in 4 batches and 628 chicks were hatched artificially. Data were recorded on fertility, hatchability, body weight of chicks from week 1 (BWWK1) to week 17 (BWWK17). Least square means were obtained using SAS GLM and mean comparisons were performed with Duncan’s MultipleRange Test. Fertility (%), hatchability (%) and mortality (%) of indigenous chicken eggs were 70.81, 77.52, 19.63, respectively. Comparable fertility and hatchability of Indigenous chicken eggs were found in this study. Body weight of male birds at third, fifth, seventh, eighth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth weeks were significantly higher than females as expected. Male birds were found heavier than the female birds in this study and artificially hatched birds grew better up to 11 weeks of age. The coal brooding system was superior to electric and natural brooding. Hand mixed feed gave better growth of birds than commercial feed and scavenging feed resources. Better growth of farm 2 was observed and replication of management system of farm 2 could be advised for other farmers to get a better growth. Batch, farm, brooding system and feeding system were found to be contributed to significant (P Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 26 (3): 528 – 536 (2015)