Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flexicurity : labour market performance in Denmark

Unemployment is at a low and stable level in Denmark. This achievement is often attributed to the so-called flexicurity model combining flexible hiring and firing rules for employers with income security for employees. Whatever virtues this model may have, a low and stable unemployment rate is not automatically among them since the basic flexicurity properties were also in place during the 1970s and 1980s where high and persistent unemployment was prevalent. Labour market performance has changed due to a series of reforms during the 1990s, the main thrust of which were a shift from a passive focus of labour market policies to a more active focus on job search and employment. The policy tightened eligibility for unemployment benefits and their duration as well as introduced workfare elements into unemployment insurance and social policies in general. Thereby policy makers attempted to strengthen the incentive structure without taking resort to general benefit reductions. We argue that the workfare policies have played an important role running primarily via motivation/threat and wage effects. However, active labour market policies are resource demanding, and although the workfare reforms have improved cost effectiveness, there is still an issue as to whether the resources going into active labour market policies are used efficiently. JEL Code: J30, J40, J60, H53. Torben M. Andersen School of Economics and Management University of Aarhus 8000 Aarhus Denmark tandersen@econ.au. dk Michael Svarer School of Economics and Management University of Aarhus 8000 Aarhus Denmark August 2007 This paper is based on presentations on the Danish flexicurity model in various places, including the Danish Ministry of Finance, Danmarks Nationalbank, the Swedish Ministry of Labour, the EU commission, and an IMF-workshop. We thank for comments and suggestions which have significantly influenced this paper. We thank Birgitte Højklint for reading the manuscript.
Actin branches out to link pathogen perception and host gene regulation

Cellular functions of actin, and associated actin binding proteins (ABPs), have been well characterized with respect to their dynamic cytosolic role as components of the complex cytoskeletal network. In this regard, the collective research in this field has vastly expanded our knowledge of the role of actin to more recently identify a key role within the nucleus as an integral part gene organization and expression. Herein, we describe the requirement of the ABP actin depolymerizing factor-4 (ADF4) as a regulator of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 expressing the effector AvrPphB via ADF4’s cytosolic and nuclear functions. In total, our work has identified significant alterations in the expression of the resistance protein RPS5 in an ADF4 phosphorylation dependent manner. In this mini-review, we provide compelling evidence in support of both a nuclear function for ADF4, as well as potential targeting of the actin cytoskeleton bythe bacterial effector AvrPphB.
Early Detection and Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Value of Imaging Multistep Human Hepatocarcinogenesis

The method for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been well established in Japan, by means of regularly screening patients at risk for developing HCC by imaging and serological markers of tumor. The principal screening protocol includes performing ultrasonography (US) every 3 months and testing for tumor markers every month in patients at high risk for HCC. There has been another important issue of accurate characterization of nodular lesions found in cirrhotic liver. This problem has been solved by the development of imaging modalities such as US angiography with intra-arterial injection of CO2, computed tomography during hepatic arteriography and computed tomography during arterial portography. It is most important to differentiate the typical hemodynamic patterns of a low-grade dysplastic nodule having arterial hypovascularity with portal perfusion preserved from those of HCC characterized by arterial hypervascularity with decreased portal perfusion. At present, these findings are easily obtained by contrast-enhanced phase invasion harmonic imaging, which is a noninvasive US technology.
Cryptosporidium wrairi sp. n. from the guinea pig Cavia porcellus, with an emendation of the genus.

SYNOPSIS. Cryptosporidium wrairi sp. n. is described from the laboratory guinea pig Cavia porcellus. The life cycle is given insofar as it is known. Two schizogonous generations are described; the 1st with 8 merozoites, the 2nd with 4 merozoites. The latter generation was previously referred to as the sporulated oocyst, but evidence is presented to show that it is a schizont. Micro- and macrogametogony are also described. No oocysts were found. Cross-transmission to mice, chickens, turkeys and rabbits was unsuccessful. The generic character of oocysts with 4 naked sporozoites is discarded and the presence of endogenous stages in the striated border of epithelial cells is used as the emended generic character. A listing of valid and non-valid species is given.
A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE MEIOTIC DIVISIONS IN NORMAL AND SUBFERTILE OR STERILE BOARS AND BULLS.

Summary. Metaphase and anaphase figures from the meiotic divisions have been analysed and grouped in six boars and five bulls with normal fertility and in four boars and seven bulls which were relatively infertile or completely sterile. All animals had a normal semen picture except for two boars which showed spermatozoa with an acrosomal defect. The duration of metaphase and anaphase of the first and second meiotic divisions varied very little between normal animals, but varied significantly in the sterile or subfertile males. Dividing figures with an abnormal picture exist to a certain degree in normal animals and in some of the defective ones their frequency was higher. Even if chromosome changes are apparently present in some nuclei it seems more probable that the primary and main cause of the formation of defective gametes is to be found in non-chromosomal structures, as for instance the division apparatus.
Disclosure of HIV status among HIV clinic attendees in Jamaica.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine factors related to disclosure of HIV serostatus among clinic attendees in an outpatient HIV clinic at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI). METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of 107 attendees to a HIV clinic at the University Hospital of the West Indies. Participants were selected on a convenience basis. The instrument was developed for this study and covered socio-demographic data and self-report of disclosure and other variables related to HIV experience such as perceptions of family support. Data were analysed using nonparametric tests. RESULTS Findings demonstrate a 49% disclosure rate among males and 60% among females. The results further indicate that age, sexual orientation, mode of transmission, and perception of family support were significantly associated with disclosure. Age and perception of family support were found to be significantly associated with consistent condom use. Age and perception of family support were the factors demonstrating the most significant correlations with age being significantly associated with disclosure to partner. Perception of family support was significantly associated with disclosure to family. CONCLUSION Findings from this study demonstrate a low disclosure rate among HIV clinic attendees. Given that disclosure of HIV serostatus is critical in the control of the spread of HIV this report highlights the need for the development of prevention interventions focussed on de-stigmatization for both infected and non-infected persons.
Learning Visually Grounded Common Sense Spatial Knowledge for Implicit Spatial Language

Spatial understanding is crucial for any agent that navigates in a physical world. Computational and cognitive frameworks often model spatial representations as spatial templates or regions of acceptability for two objects under an explicit spatial preposition such as “left” or “below” (Logan and Sadler 1996). Contrary to previous work that define spatial templates for explicit spatial language only (Malinowski and Fritz 2014; Moratz and Tenbrink 2006), we extend such concept to implicit spatial language, i.e., those relationships (usually actions) that do not explicitly define the relative location of the two objects (e.g., “dog under table”) but only implicitly (e.g., “girl riding horse”). Unlike explicit relationships, predicting spatial arrangements from implicit spatial language requires spatial common sense knowledge about the objects and actions. Furthermore, prior work that leverage common sense spatial knowledge to solve tasks such as visual paraphrasing (Lin and Parikh 2015) or object labeling (Shiang et al. 2017) do not aim to predict (unseen) spatial configurations.
Multi‐channel wireless mapping of gastrointestinal serosal slow wave propagation

High‐resolution (HR) extracellular mapping allows accurate profiling of normal and dysrhythmic slow wave patterns. A current limitation is that cables traverse the abdominal wall or a natural orifice, risking discomfort, dislodgement or infection. Wireless approaches offer advantages, but a multi‐channel system is required, capable of recording slow waves and mapping propagation with high fidelity.
Assessment of hepatic fatty infiltration using dual-energy computed tomography: a phantom study

The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the quantification of liver fat content (LFC). We prepared two phantoms: homogenized mixtures of porcine liver and fat and homogeneous mixtures of liver- and fat-equivalent solutions. Tubes containing mixtures with known fat concentrations were scanned on a dual-source CT scanner using two DE scanning protocols (80 kV/Sn140 kV and 100 kV/Sn140 kV). Attenuation curves obtained from DECT were used to describe attenuations of various degrees of LFC at different energies. LFC was calculated from DECT data and compared with the known LFC. The phantom made of liver/fat mixtures was not used for liver fat quantification because the increase of fat content did not show a decline of CT numbers. This may be due to inhomogeneity as observed in CT images. Attenuation curves obtained from two DE scanning protocols had the ability to discriminate small differences in fat concentrations. Our results also showed a strong correlation between DECT measurements and known LFC (R2 > 0.99, P < 0.005). DECT will be a reliable tool for liver fat quantification. Furthermore, attenuation curves obtained from DECT data can be used for discriminating various degrees of LFC.
Rees products and lexicographic shellability

We use the theory of lexicographic shellability to provide various examples in which the rank of the homology of a Rees product of two partially ordered sets enumerates some set of combinatorial objects, perhaps according to some natural statistic on the set. Many of these examples generalize a result of J. Jonsson, which says that the rank of the unique nontrivial homology group of the Rees product of a truncated Boolean algebra of degree $n$ and a chain of length $n-1$ is the number of derangements in $\S_n$. \
Generation of a recombinant Moloney murine leukemia virus carrying the v-src gene of avian sarcoma virus: transformation in vitro and pathogenesis in vivo

A Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) recombinant carrying the v-src gene of avian sarcoma virus was generated by the introduction of a cloned portion of v-src from Schmidt-Ruppin A avian sarcoma virus into a molecular clone of M-MuLV provirus at the recombinant DNA level. The v-src sequences (lacking a portion of the 5' end of v-src) were inserted into the p30 region of the M-MulV gag gene so that M-MuLV gag and v-src were in the same reading frame. Transfection of this chimeric clone, pMLV(src), into NIH 3T3 cells which were constitutively producing M-MuLV gag and pol protein resulted in the formation of foci of transformed cells. Infectious and transforming virus could be recovered from the transformed cells. This virus was designated M-MuLV(src). M-MuLV(src)-transformed cells contained two novel proteins of 78 and 90 kilodaltons. The 78-kilodalton protein, p78gag-src, contained both gag and src determinants, exhibited kinase activity in an immune kinase assay, and is probably a fusion of Pr65gag and src. The 90-kilodalton protein, which is of the appropriate size to be the gPr80gag fused to src, contained gag determinants as well as a V8 protease cleavage fragment typical of the carboxy terminus of avian sarcoma virus pp60src. However, it could not be immunoprecipitated with an anti-v-src serum. M-MuLV(src)-transformed cells showed elevated levels of intracellular phosphotyrosine in proteins, although the elevation was intermediate compared with cells transformed with wild-type v-src. M-MuLV and amphotropic murine leukemia virus pseudotypes of M-MuLV(src) were inoculated into newborn NIH Swiss mice. Inoculated mice developed solid tumors at the site of inoculation after 3 to 6 weeks, with most animals dying by 14 weeks. Histopathological analysis indicated that the solid tumors were mesenchymally derived fibrosarcomas that were both invasive and metastatic.
Left Atrial Appendage After Electrical Isolation: To Occlude or Not To Occlude, That Is the Question.

The left atrial appendage (LAA) has been considered for years as a less relevant part of the left atrium. During the years, its function and role have been extensively studied. The LAA is recognized as the major source (95%) of cardiac emboli in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). In addition, the LAA has been shown to have important roles in atrial natriuretic peptide secretion and as an underreported trigger site of AF.1–7 From an anatomic point of view, the LAA has a trabecular tubular shape with variable morphologies and derives from the embryonic left atrium as an outgrowth of the pulmonary veins.6,7 See Article by Panikker et al Catheter ablation of AF is a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of AF and has been shown to be superior to antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm.8,9 Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is the primary target for ablation.9 Procedural success rates vary depending on the experience of the operator and on the subtype of atrial fibrillation: higher in paroxysmal and lower in persistent and long-standing, persistent AF. Many patients continue to experience AF recurrences, despite permanent PV isolation. In such cases, several authors have identified additional targets for ablation outside the pulmonary veins, the so called non-PV triggers.10–12 The most common non-PV trigger sites are the superior vena cava, the coronary sinus, the atrial septum, the posterior wall, the ligament of Marshall, and, more recently emphasized, the LAA.12–19 It is important to consider that the Cox-Maze III surgery data have demonstrated a 90% success rate at maintaining sinus rhythm and a low incidence of thromboembolic events, and this procedure excludes or excises the LAA.20 The surgical data and the experience and lessons learned by …
Mitochondrial Dna Levels of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Thigh, Fat and Abdomen of HIV-1 Seropositive and Negative Individuals

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated in subcutaneous adipose tissue from lipoatrophic HIV-1-infected patients treated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). To further assess mitochondrial toxicity, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies/cell were measured in subcutaneous fat from various sites. Peripheral adipose tissues were obtained from the abdominal wall near the umbilicus, anterior lateral thigh, and dorsal cervical region of the neck of individuals from four cohorts: 1) seven lipoatrophic HIV-1-infected patients receiving a regimen with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for >6 months; 2) seven non-lipoatrophic HIV-1-infected patients receiving NRTIs-containing HAART; 3) five HIV-1-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy <2 weeks (naive); 4) and five HIV-1-negative participants. Along with the adipose tissue samples, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were also obtained from each patient for mtDNA depletion examination. Total DNA was isolated and mtDNA copies/cell quantitated by competitive and realtime PCR. MtDNA copies/cell in abdomen, thigh, and neck fat were depleted in lipoatrophic HIV-1 seropositive compared to the seropositive naive and seronegative cohorts. MtDNA copies/cell in thigh and neck fat were also decreased in non-lipoatrophic subjects exposed to NRTIs compared with NRTI-naive and HIV seronegative controls. PBMC values did not differ among the cohorts and there was no correlation with lipoatrophy state or HIV-1 serostatus. Additionally, differences in mtDNA copies/cell were observed in the fat depots from seronegative subjects. Thigh fat mtDNA levels were 45–55% lower than abdomen and neck. These studies help demonstrate that mtDNA levels can vary in different subcutaneous adipose depots suggesting possible metabolic differences.
Detection and simultaneous confirmation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by an automated Real-Time PCR method with strain differentiation by analysis of DNA melting curve characteristics

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be a burden to the global healthcare system. Locally, the prevalence of MRSA in New Zealand has increased significantly over the last 10 years underscoring the urgency to control the colonisation and spread of MRSA. Following on from a previous multi-centre study looking at MRSA colonisation in the nares and throats of a New Zealand population using a PCR method, this study aims to determine the usefulness of DNA melting curve analysis in the differentiation of MRSA strains. Specifically investigated is a possible relationship between the isolate DNA melting temperature (TM) and MRSA strain. Bacterial typing can be used to confirm or refute the relatedness of isolates and to plan MRSA control programmes and while the determination of MRSA strains is currently done using staphylococcal protein A gene typing based upon repeat pattern analysis and pulse-field gel electrophoresis, these processes are often time consuming, require specialist skills, and are performed at reference laboratories. In this study, 10 MRSA isolates where detected from a total of 270 volunteers using the Roche LightCycler MRSA Advanced Test. It was found that the WSPP was the most frequently isolated strain. In addition, by using the DNA melting temperatures, an apparent link was found: the WSPP strain had the highest TM, followed by the AK3 strain, and lastly, the WK/AK1 strain had the lowest TM. Moreover, no variation in TM was observed between different volunteer isolates of the same strain type (WSPP, AK3, and WK/AK1 displayed consistent TM values of 59.6 o C, 58.1 o C, and 57.7 o C, respectively). The significance of swiftly determining the MRSA strain is somewhat understated. From an infection control/epidemiology perspective, it provides information on origin and mutation shift of the pathogen, helping in the control of MRSA epidemics, thus contributing to our knowledge of strain dynamics. More importantly perhaps, it provides information on determining the course of treatment for the patient as strains differ in their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. While it is too early to draw conclusions from this data, it certainly warrants further investigation.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the End-User Computing Satisfaction Instrument

The dimensionality of the user satisfaction construct is an important theoretical issue that has received considerable attention. Focusing on end users who directly interact with application software, Doll and Torkzadeah (1988) develop a 12-item application specific instrument for providing an overall assessment of end-user computing satisfaction (EUCS). They also contend that EUCS is comprised of five component measures (content, accuracy, format, ease of use, timeliness) that explain the construct and permit more precision in formulating and testing research hypotheses. The acceptance of the EUCS as a standardized instrument requires confirmation that it explains and measures the user satisfaction construct.Based on a sample of 409 respondents from 18 organizations, this research uses confirmatory factor analysis (LISREL) to test alternative models of underlying factor structure and assess the reliability and validity of factors and items. Without respecifying the model, the results provide some support for Doll and Torkzadeh's proposed model of the five first-order factors and one second-order (higher-order) factor. Thus the evidence supports the use of: (1) the 12-item instrument as an overall measure of EUCS; and (2) the five component factors for explaining the EUCS construct.
Indirect activation of the SV23 and SV24 splice variants of human constitutive androstane receptor: analysis with 3‐hydroxyflavone and its analogues

Naturally occurring splice variants of human CAR (hCAR), including hCAR‐SV23 (insertion of amino acids SPTV) and hCAR‐SV24 (APYLT), have been shown to be expressed in liver. However, little is known regarding how hCAR‐SV23 and hCAR‐SV24 are activated. Therefore, we investigated the mode of activation of these hCAR splice variants.
Progesterone mediates nutritionally induced effects on embryonic survival in gilts.

The role of plasma progesterone as a potential mediator of nutritionally induced effects on embryonic survival in gilts was assessed in two experiments. Gilts were individually fed 2.5 kg/d for one estrous cycle and inseminated 12 and 24 h after onset of next estrus (d 0). In Exp. 1, 52 gilts were randomly allocated to either N (1.5 x maintenance feed/d) or H (twice maintenance/d) groups from d 1. In 21 gilts, blood samples were collected on d -1, 0, 1, and 2, and gilts were slaughtered on d 3 to 5. Interval from LH peak to postovulatory progesterone rise was shorter (P = .02) in N (28.8 +/- 2.3 h) than in H (38.6 +/- 3.2 h) gilts, with no difference in rate of rise. Embryonic survival was 86.5 +/- 2.1 and 74.2 +/- 6.2% in N and H gilts, respectively, with a higher variability in Group H (P < .05). In 31 gilts, blood samples were collected 48 and 72 h after estrus onset, and gilts were slaughtered on d 11 and 12. Plasma progesterone concentrations at 72 h were higher (P = .02) in N than in H gilts (14.7 +/- 1.2 vs 10.8 +/- 1.0 ng/mL). Uterine plasmin/trypsin inhibitor concentrations were higher (P = .03) in H than in N gilts, but IGF-I concentrations did not differ. In Exp. 2, gilts were randomly allocated to either H or HP groups on d 1. The HP gilts were given six injections of progesterone (75 mg every 12 h) starting 24 h after estrus onset. Gilts were slaughtered on d 28 +/- 3. Plasma progesterone concentrations at 36, 48, 60, 84, and 108 h after estrus onset were higher (P < .001) in HP than in H gilts. Embryonic survival was also higher (P = .004) in HP (84.8 +/- 2.6%) than in H gilts (70.0 +/- 4.0%). Thus, periovulatory plasma progesterone can be the mediator of nutritionally induced effects on embryonic survival.