Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Instructional Behaviors and Students’ Self-Determination

Within SDT framework, many investigations have been done in the field of language learning showing teachers’ instructional behaviors can affect students’ perceived self-determination and learning outcomes (Noels, Clement, & Pelletier, 1999). In this paper, not only Iranian English teachers’ instructional behaviors, but also the relationship between students’ perceived instructional behaviors and their perceived self-determination were explored in a sample of 210 university students by means of questionnaires. The results indicated that the students agreed their teachers’ instructional behaviors were autonomy supportive, whereas they agreed that their teachers’ behaviors were controlling. They also indicated a significantly positive relationship between the students’ perceived teachers’ autonomy-supportive instructional behaviors and their perceived self-determination on the one hand, and on the other a non significant correlation between teachers’ controlling behaviors and students’ perceived self-determination. The findings of this study have implications for teachers to develop their autonomy-supportive behaviors to promote students’ autonomy in learning English.
Can different quantum state vectors correspond to the same physical state? An experimental test

A century after the development of quantum theory, the interpretation of a quantum state is still discussed. If a physicist claims to have produced a system with a particular quantum state vector, does this represent directly a physical property of the system, or is the state vector merely a summary of the physicist’s information about the system? Assume that a state vector corresponds to a probability distribution over possible values of an unknown physical or ‘ontic’ state. Then, a recent no-go theorem shows that distinct state vectors with overlapping distributions lead to predictions different from quantum theory. We report an experimental test of these predictions using trapped ions. Within experimental error, the results confirm quantum theory. We analyse which kinds of models are ruled out.
FLUORINE-RICH HIBSCHITE FROM SILICOCARBONATITE, AFRIKANDA COMPLEX, RUSSIA: CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY AND CONDITIONS OF CRYSTALLIZATION

Calcite – amphibole – diopside silicocarbonatite from the Afrikanda complex, in the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia, contains abundant crystals of F-rich hibschite associated with titanite, chlorite, calciocatapleiite and calcite. The crystals range from 10 to 50 μm across and consist of an oscillatory-zoned core and a uniform rim arising from variations in Al and Fe contents across the crystal. The hibschite contains from 4.2 to 6.0 wt. % F, which is unparalleled by any F-bearing silicate garnet described to date. The compositional variation of the Afrikanda hibschite can be described by the formula Grs 57–63 Kt 21–27 Fgr 8–11 Adr 0–13 , where Grs, Kt and Adr stand for the grossular, katoite and andradite, respectively, and Fgr denotes the hypothetical end-member Ca 3 Al 2 F 12 . The average Fgr content is 10 mol. %. The crystal structure of F-rich hibschite was refined in space group Ia 3 d to R 1 = 2.8%. In agreement with the chemical data, the refinement shows that about one-third of the tetrahedrally coordinated positions ( Z ) are vacant. These vacancies are coordinated by (OH) − and F − anions, which results in expansion of the unit cell [ a = 12.037(3) A] relative to that of grossular. The size of the Z -centered tetrahedron is sensitive to the substitution of (OH) − by F − , as indicated by the smaller center-to-corner and corner-to-corner distances measured for the Afrikanda hibschite relative to garnets with a similar Si content along the grossular–katoite join. The F-rich hibschite crystallized in the final stages of silicocarbonatite evolution from a low-temperature (200–250°C) deuteric fluid with log a (H + ) aq ≈ log a (F − ) aq ≈ −5.
Expansion of invasive species on ombrotrophic bogs: desiccation or high N deposition?

Summary 1. In many ombrotrophic bog areas the invasion of grass (e.g. Molinia caerulea ) and tree (e.g. Betula pubescens ) species has become a major problem. We investigated whether the invasion of such species is due to high atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition by conducting a fertilization experiment. 2. The effects of experimentally increased N input on Molinia , Betula and Eriophorum vaginatum were studied in desiccated bog vegetation in Ireland, where there is relatively low background N deposition. Four different N treatments were applied for 3 years: 0 (control), 2, 4 and 8 g m − 2 year − 1 . 3. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations in the peat moisture increased at high N addition rates, leading to significantly higher carbon : nitrogen (C : N) and nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) ratios in the top layer of the peat. The potential CO 2 production rate of the peat was not stimulated at high N addition rates due to severe acidification of the peat. 4. Despite high tissue N : P ratios (above 40), above-ground biomass production by Molinia was stimulated at high N addition rates, and foliar nutrient concentrations were unaffected. In contrast to Molinia , Betula and Eriophorum were unable to increase their above-ground biomass, probably due to P limitation. Regrowth of the lichen Cladonia portentosa was suppressed at high N addition rates. 5. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that the invasion of bogs by Molinia and Betula is likely to be less affected by desiccation than by increased N availability. Apparently, Molinia is well adapted to P-limiting conditions, which may explain its success in regions with increased N deposition levels. The high availability of P in many Dutch bogs compared with Irish bogs, together with prolonged high N deposition levels, may explain the strong increase in both Molinia and Betula observed in the Netherlands. As long as N and P availabilities in Dutch bogs are too high to prevent invasion of Betula and/or Molinia , management measures stimulating growth of Sphagnum mosses could probably reduce the negative effects of high N deposition levels.
Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacter sp from Dairy Cow's Milk in Boyolali and Sleman

Enterobacter sakazakii is considered as an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in severe forms of necrotizing colitis and meningitis especia lly in neonates with a mortality rare varying from 40%-80%. The natural habitat E.sakazakii is not well understood and has been reported as fr equency isolated from different environments including soil , rats, flies, milk powder factories, chocolate factories and households. A total of 100 samples we re obtained from dairy cow’s milk were studied. The presence of E.sakazakii and Enterobacter sp was detected using the Holt et al., 1994; Guillaum e et al. , 2005 and Turner et al., 2000 procedure on TSBA medium. E.sakazakii was not isolated from both district Sleman and Boyolali. However, E.cloacae was found in 33 of 75 isolates (44%) of samples from Sleman. Meanwhile 12.7% E.cloacae and 5.4% E.gergoviae was found of samples from Boyolali.
ACT-UK simulation centre: opportunities and challenges for research

Advanced Construction Technology Simulation Centre (ACT-UK) has recently been established at Coventry University, to provide an innovative facility for training future construction managers, enabled by semi-immersive virtual reality model of construction sites. In a typical training session, the trainees will face one snap-shot of construction site situation, called 'scenario' with the presence of various actors who will introduce site problems. By referring to information presented to them and interacting with the actors, the trainees will need to make decisions, and will receive feedback once the session ends. This innovative training presents important research challenges, especially due to many less well understood factors of the formation of skills afforded by this approach and the impact on performance in the workplace. The focus on 'soft' skills (rather than 'hard' technical skills) further heightens the complexity of understanding and 'measuring' the efficacy of this training. Within this context, the paper aims to propose a research framework, via a critical synthesis of key literature in related domains. The conceptual framework stands on three key sequential stages of pre-, on- and post-training, with one or more research themes in each stage. The framework integrates several research themes for harnessing the utility and realizing efficacy of this innovative learning approach. The research activities emanating from the framework will help to widen opportunities for the use of the ACT-UK in the future.
Ibuprofen-Glutathione Conjugate as Anti-inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Agent in Rat Brain Infused with β Amyloid (1-40)

Background: To date it is proved that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by a multifactorial etiology which comprises mitochondrial dysfunction, energy depletion, inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with glutathione depletion. All these factors are known to be impacted by beta amyloid protein (Aβ), which is responsible for the activation of amyloidogenic cascade. In the present work a rat intracerebroventricular Aβ(1-40) infusion model of early AD was employed to investigate the effects of Ibuprofen-Glutathione (IBU-GSH) conjugate on morphological modifications, Aβ plaque formation, apoptosis, learning, and memory performance. Methods: Water maze test was used to evaluate drug administration effects on spatial reference memory, immunohistochemistry was carried out to determine Aβ 1-40, iNOS and caspase-3 expression; semithin sections and ultrastructural analyses, by means of light and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, were realized to evaluate samples morphology; TUNEL analysis to identify apoptotic cells. Results and Conclusion: Results showed that in the Aβ+IBU-GSH conjugate treated group, long-term memory consolidation at day 12 was improved, while learning appeared slower respect to control. In Aβ-infused rats, a higher number of Aβ plaques, disorganized pyramidal pyknotic cells, apoptotic cells containing fragmented or swollen mitochondria, dilated blood vessels, and a low number of oligodendrocytes along with the high expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and caspase-3 were put in evidence. The inflammatory state seemed to be reversed by IBU-GSH treatment, as evidenced by a lower number of Aβ plaques and pyknotic cells, and reorganized neurons containing normal mitochondria; despite this, persistent dilated blood vessels, decreased iNOS expression, lower percentage of apoptosis, and weak caspase-3 levels were observed. Thus mitochondria involvement in the AD inflammatory state is here strongly suggested and neuro-protective and anti-apoptotic IBU-GSH conjugate effect could be useful to reduce the AD inflammatory state.
Effects of a grass-selective herbicide in a vetch-rye cover crop system on corn grain yield and soil moisture

Cover crop spring kill date and species affect spring water use by covers, summer moisture conservation by cover crop residue, and yield of subsequent corn (Zea mays L.). Data are needed on spring management strategies for cover crop mixtures of hairy vetch (HV) (Vicia villosa Roth) and cereal rye (Secale cereals L.), compared to pure stands, to make accurate corn fertilizer nitrogen (FN) recommendations and to optimize moisture use vs. conservation by cover crop mixtures. A 2-yr study evaluated a grass-selective herbicide (GSH) applied in late March to a pure rye cover and a vetch-rye mixture, allowing the vetch to accumulate N until early May. These treatments were compared to early May-killed pure rye, pure vetch, vetch-rye mixture, and no-cover control. Corn FN rates of 0, 45, 90, 180, and 270 kg ha -1 were applied in June. Corn grain yield was greater following pure stands of vetch than following any other cover crop treatment, regardless of kill date. The average economic optimum FN rate was about 150 kg N ha -1 without a cover. With a cover crop and compared to the control, the hairy vetch replaced about 80 kg FN ha -1 , the vetch-rye mixture replaced about 15 kg FN ha -1 , while the pure rye removed an additional 50 kg FN ha -1 . Spring soil moisture (0-20 cm) beneath growing covers was greater than or equal to the no-cover controls throughout the spring and the summer. There was no significant difference in corn FN response for the early kill date of rye with a GSH, compared with the conventional late-kill date.
Welfare Effects of Policy-induced Rising Food Prices on Farm Households in Nigeria

Against the background that domestic policies in Nigeria have been linked to an endemic - high, volatile and rising food prices in the country, this paper empirically examined the transmission of key monetary policy variables to domestic food prices in Nigeria. Furthermore, the study employed estimates of policy induced price changes from estimated cointegrating relations between commodity prices and policy variables, and demand elasticities from a system of household demand equations to estimate the associated compensating variation as a measure of the welfare impacts on farm households. The study found that government management of exchange rates and money supplies as well as withdrawal of subsidies from petroleum products have been the main driver of rising food prices in the country. While an average farmer was found to have benefited from the policy induced rising food prices with the mean compensated variation of -3.3% of the household budget, most of the farm households ended up being losers. The gainers were mostly owners of the relatively few large farms (-36.9%) including the commercial livestock farms (-38.9%), rice farm (-35.0%), and fish farms (-27.8%). Smallholders, which constituted about three-quarter of the farm households, lost on the average, about 8.1% of their purchasing power to the rising food prices, with female headed households also loosing 6.6% of their purchasing power.
Indeterminacy in the use of preset criteria for assessment and grading

When assessment tasks are set for students in universities and colleges, a common practice is to advise them of the criteria that will be used for grading their responses. Various schemes for using multiple criteria have been widely advocated in the literature. Each scheme is designed to offer clear benefits for students. Breaking down holistic judgments into more manageable parts is seen as a way to increase openness for students and achieve more objectivity in grading. However, such approaches do not adequately represent the full complexity of multi‐criterion qualitative judgments, and can lead to distorted grading decisions. Six anomalies in the ways assessors approach the grading task are identified, together with several likely contributing factors. Overall, the conclusion is that explicit grading models do not have as strong a theoretical foundation as is commonly supposed, and that holistic appraisal merits further investigation.
Impact of Green Building Design and Construction on Worker Safety and Health

Sustainable, or “green,” rating systems, such as the United States Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), are leading to changes in the way owners, designers, and contractors approach the design, construction, and operation of buildings. The processes and features included in green design and construction may have positive and/or negative impacts on construction worker safety and health. This paper presents the findings of a research study of the impact of green building design and construction practices on construction worker safety and health. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recordable and lost time injury and illness data from green projects (as identified by LEED) and from nongreen projects was collected through a structured questionnaire survey. The data collected was analyzed to test for the presence of a difference in OSHA recordable incident rates (RIRs) and lost time case rates (LTCRs) between green and nongreen projects. It was found t.
The influence of financial constraints on the investment-cash flow sensitivity in Dutch SMEs

The focus of empirical literature on the relation between investment and internal finance is on the influence of financial constraints. However, literature is ambiguous whether this influence has a positive or negative effect on the relationship. Clearly, Povel & Raith (2007) combines the results of these studies and proved that the ICFS is U-shaped. This paper is guided by the following question: Do financial constraints influence the relationship between internal finance and investments of Dutch SMEs? The sample is divided by using the SA-index into financial constrained, financial unconstrained or neither of both. This index is used since older / larger firms are expected to be less financial constrained than younger / smaller firms. The data analyse provide Dutch evidence showing that internal finance is postively related with investment. Consequently, this study finds evidence that internal finance influence the investments for Dutch SMEs during the period 2009-2012. This conclusion is robust for different measures for sizes and controlled for investment opportunities and industries. The focus of this research is however on the influence of financial constraints on this relationship. The influence of financial constraints on this relationship is not proved
Practices and perceptions of living apart together

This paper examines how people living apart together (LATs) maintain their relationships, and describes how they view this living arrangement. It draws on a 2011 survey on LAT in Britain, supplemented by qualitative interviewing. Most LATs in Britain live close to their partners, and have frequent contact with them. At the same time most see LAT in terms of a monogamous, committed couple, where marriage remains a strong normative reference point, and see living apart as not much different from co-residence in terms of risk, emotional security or closeness. Many see themselves living together in the future. However, LAT does appear to make difference to patterns of care between partners. In addition, LATs report advantages in terms of autonomy and flexibility. The paper concludes that LAT allows individuals some freedom to manoeuvre in balancing the demands of life circumstances and personal needs with those of an intimate relationship, but that practices of LAT do not, in general, represent a radical departure from the norms of contemporary coupledom, except for that which expects couples to cohabit.
Title An empirical study of the use of Frankl-Weyuker data flowtesting criteria to test BPEL web services

Programs using service-oriented architecture (SOA) often feature ultra-late binding among components. These components have well-defined interfaces and are known as web services. Messages between every pair of web services dually conform to the output interface of a sender and the input interface of a receiver. Unit testing of web services should not only test the logic of web services, but also assure the correctness of the web services during input, manipulation, and output of messages. There is, however, little software testing research in this area. In this paper, we study the unit testing problem to assure components written in orchestration languages, WS-BPEL in particular. We report an empirical study of the effectiveness of the Frankl-Weyuker data flow testing criteria (particularly the all-uses criterion) on WSBPEL subject programs. Our study shows that conventional data flow testing criteria can be much less effective in revealing faults in interface artifacts (WSDL documents) and message manipulations (XPath queries) than revealing faults in BPEL artifacts. Keywords—WS-BPEL; XPath; data flow testing
Evaluation of a cosmic-ray neutron sensor network for improved land surface model prediction

Abstract. In situ soil moisture sensors provide highly accurate but very local soil moisture measurements, while remotely sensed soil moisture is strongly affected by vegetation and surface roughness. In contrast, cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) allow highly accurate soil moisture estimation on the field scale which could be valuable to improve land surface model predictions. In this study, the potential of a network of CRNSs installed in the 2354 km2 Rur catchment (Germany) for estimating soil hydraulic parameters and improving soil moisture states was tested. Data measured by the CRNSs were assimilated with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter in the Community Land Model version 4.5. Data of four, eight and nine CRNSs were assimilated for the years 2011 and 2012 (with and without soil hydraulic parameter estimation), followed by a verification year 2013 without data assimilation. This was done using (i) a regional high-resolution soil map, (ii) the FAO soil map and (iii) an erroneous, biased soil map as input information for the simulations. For the regional soil map, soil moisture characterization was only improved in the assimilation period but not in the verification period. For the FAO soil map and the biased soil map, soil moisture predictions improved strongly to a root mean square error of 0.03 cm3 cm−3 for the assimilation period and 0.05 cm3 cm−3 for the evaluation period. Improvements were limited by the measurement error of CRNSs (0.03 cm3 cm−3). The positive results obtained with data assimilation of nine CRNSs were confirmed by the jackknife experiments with four and eight CRNSs used for assimilation. The results demonstrate that assimilated data of a CRNS network can improve the characterization of soil moisture content on the catchment scale by updating spatially distributed soil hydraulic parameters of a land surface model.
Agronomic traits, ensilability and nutritive value of five pearl millet cultivars grown in a Brazilian semi-arid region

SUMMARY Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. ) could play an important role as a feed source for ruminants in arid and semi-arid zones of the world owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. The current paper assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of five Brazilian pearl millet cultivars (IPA Bulk1BF, BRS 1501, CMS-03, CMS-01 and BN-2) in a typical Brazilian northeastern semi-arid climate. Forage was harvested at the dough stage of grain maturity (growth stage 86 according to the BBCH scale) and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 25 Santa Inês male lambs. The cultivars CMS-01, CMS-03 and BN-2 out-performed the others in terms of dry matter (DM) and digestible DM yield/ha. At DM partitioning among plant tissues, the cultivar IPA Bulk1BF had a greater DM associated with panicles and one of the greatest concentrations of organic matter, lactic acid and in vitro dry matter digestibility among the five cultivars. The cultivar BRS 1501 had greater butyric acid concentration as well as one of the highest pH values. Silage produced from BN-2 not only contained greater acetic acid concentration, but also showed one of the greatest total volatile fatty acid concentrations. There were no differences in feed intake and digestibility of nutrients and fibre fractions across all cultivars. Silage made from BN-2 resulted in greater urinary excretion of nitrogen than those produced from BRS 1501. Under the conditions of the present study, the results obtained for production of DM and digestible dry matter, and the ratio of plant fractions, indicates the possible use of these cultivars for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region.