Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF BREASTFEEDING–ASSOCIATED HYPERNATREMIA AMONG HOSPITALIZED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIC NEONATES

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the incidence of breastfeeding-associated hypernatremia and related risk factors among hospitalized hyperbilirubinemic neonates. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Nemazee Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during one year to determine the association between hypernatremia (serum sodium concentration of >150 mEq/L) and exclusive breastfeeding of the neonates. During the study period, 122 neonates were recruited and the patients’ history was taken through using the medical records (regarding child delivery) and asking the mother. Laboratory data including total and direct bilirubin levels, serum sodium level and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were recorded. P-valueResults: The study was carried out on 86 exclusively breastfed neonates (EBFN) and 36 neonates with mixed type of feeding. The incidence of hypernatremia among the EBFN and non-exclusively breastfed neonates (non-EBFN) was 9.3% and 2.7%, respectively. Moreover, 55% of the neonates with hypernatremia had a significant weight loss (>10% cummulative weight loss). A significant correlation was observed between hypernatremia and weight loss (P=0.008). Also, in spring and autumn, no hypernatremia was observed among 53 cases, and during summer and winter, 9 out of 69 neonates (13%) presented with hypernatremia (P=0.042). Conclusion: Hypernatremic dehydration is relatively common among EBFN. Regular weight monitoring, proper breastfeeding and environmental temperature control should be encouraged for preventing breastfeeding-associated hypernatremia.
The Impact of Dual Roles in Mentoring Relationships: A Mixed Research Study

In the field of counselor education, mentors often are involved in varying roles with mentees, such as being mentor, dissertation chair, and or chair to the mentee. Due to the various roles, both the mentor and mentee need to recognize how each of these roles impacts the development of the mentee and the overall mentoring relationship. The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between perceived dual roles of the mentor and the impact on the mentoring relationship. We found that counseling students and faculty who had experienced dual roles in their mentoring relationships had high career-related functions than did their counterparts who had not experienced dual mentoring relationships.
Examination of Factors Impacting Student Satisfaction with a New Learning Management System.

The purpose of this study was to determine factors that influenced student satisfaction with a new learning management system and to identify which of these factors were most important. The data was collected using an an online survey tool that was administered to students enrolled in courses designed and taught by faculty who participated in a pilot group testing a new learning management system (LMS). The findings support previous research in this area, indicating that usability of the LMS and availability of technical assistance is strongly correlated with student satisfaction. Study findings will be used to improve LMS training and institution-wide technology support.
Penn Wharton Budget Model : Dynamic OLG Model

The federal budget is one of the most important documents produced by our government and provides a roadmap for our nation’s priorities. However, there is currently a limited opportunity for policymakers to understand how a policy change will impact our nation’s economy and budget while they are writing legislation. Penn Wharton Budget Model (PWBM) seeks to inform policy discussions before bills are finalized and before lobbying and reputational stakes are put into the ground. PWBM combines modern advances in economic modeling, big data science, cloud computing and visualization tools to provide a “sandbox” in which different policy ideas can be tested before legislation is drafted. PWBM’s model consists of multiple integrated model components. This document describes the current version of PWBM’s Dynamic OLG Model, a dynamic general equilibrium overlapping generations model.
eroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum in sheep in the tate Minas Gerais , southeastern Brazil islaine

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with infection due to Neospora caninum in serum samples from 488 sheep originating from 63 farms in 63 municipalities distributed across eight of the twelve mesoregions of the state Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. For detection of N. caninum the sheep serum samples were subjected to the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT ≥ 50). To identify the risk factors associated with infection due to N. caninum a questionnaire was filled out for each herd by interviewing, the individual responsible for the herd, demanding information on the general characteristics of the property. Sixty-four sheep sera (13.1%; 95% CI = 10.3–16.4) presented IgG-specific anti-N. caninum antibodies with the following titers: 50 (49; 76.6%), 100 (7; 10.9%), 200 (4; 6.2%), 400 (3; 4.7%) and 800 (1; 1.6%). The prevalence of infected sheep per mesoregion ranged from 0 to 28.1%. Out of the 63 farms sampled, 31 (49.2%; 95% CI = 36.4–62.1) presented at least one seropositive sheep. No significant association was found between the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies and the risk factors evaluated on the farms, except for the mesoregion variable (p = 0.004; OR = 0.429; CI95% = 0.182–1.008). These results indicate that there is a need for additional research to define the epidemiological importance of this parasite as a cause of reproductive problems in sheep herds in
Oligodendroglial and Neuroglial Molecular Abnormalities in the Intracerebral Streptozotocin Model of Sporadic Alzheimer ’ s Disease

Background: The intracerebral streptozotocin (i.c. STZ) model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with sustained deficits in spatial learning and memory, impairments in brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling, increased oxidative stress, and characteristic histopathological changes of neurodegeneration. However, pathological alterations in the structural and functional integrity of white matter are well recognized but under-studied features of AD. Objective: This study characterizes effects of i.c. STZ on myelin, neuroglial, and related transcription factor encoding genes to assess their potential roles in neurodegeneration. Methods: Adult male Long Evans rats were treated with i.c. STZ or saline and sacrificed on Experimental Day 28. Temporal lobes were used to measure myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by ELISA, and mRNA levels of 29 genes with a custom PCR array. Results: I.C. STZ significantly reduced MAG and increased GFAP protein, had mixed inhibitory, neutral, or stimulatory effects on immature oligodendroglial genes, and broad inhibitory effects on the expression of mature oligodendroglial, neuroglial, and regulatory transcription factor genes. Conclusions: The i.c. STZ model of sporadic AD is associated with striking molecular abnormalities in temporal lobe white matter-related genes, suggesting that these responses have critical roles in disease pathogenesis. The findings support the concept that the i.c. STZ model is suitable for pre-clinical evaluation of drugs to remediate white matter degeneration in AD.
Genomic evidence of a widespread southern distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum for two eastern North American hickory species

Phylogeographical studies of temperate forest taxa often infer complex histories involving population subdivision into distinct refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, some temperate deciduous trees may have been broadly distributed in southeastern North America during the LGM. We investigate genome‐wide genetic structure in two widespread eastern North American tree species to determine if range expansion from genetically isolated refugia or from a broader, less genetically subdivided region better explains their post‐glacial history.
High Resolution Phylogeographic Map of Y-Chromosomes Reveal the Genetic Signatures of Pleistocene Origin of Indian Populations

Paleoanthropological evidence indicates that modern humans reached South Asia in one of the first dispersals out of Africa, which were later followed by migrations from different parts of the world. The variation of 38 binary and 20 microsatellite polymorphisms on the non-recombining part of the Y-chromosome was examined in 1434 male subjects of 87 different populations of India to investigate various hypothesis of migration and peopling of South Asia. This survey revealed a total of 24 paternal lineages, of which haplogroups H, R1a1, O2a and R2 accounted for approximately 70% of the Indian Y-Chromosomes. The high NRY diversity value (0.893) and coalescence age of approx. 45-50 KYA for H and C haplogroups indicated an early settlement of the subcontinent by modern humans. Haplogroup frequency and AMOVA results provide congruent evidence in support a common Pleistocene origin of Indian populations, with limited influence of Indo-European gene pool on the Indian society. The differential Y-chromosome and mt DNA pattern in the two Austric speakers of India signaled that an earlier male–mediated exodus from South East Asia largely involved the Austro-Asiatic tribes, while the Tibeto-Burman males migrated with females through two different routes; one from Burma probably brought the Naga-Kuki-Chin language and O3e Y-chromosomes and the other from Himalayas, which carried the YAP lineages into northern regions of subcontinent. Based on distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups (H, C, O2a, and R2) and deep coalescing time depths for these paternal lineages, we suggest that the present day Dravidian speaking populations of South India are the descendants of earliest Pleistocene settlers while Austro-Asiatic speakers came from SE Asia in a later migration event. Authors’ Addresses: R. Trivedi, Sanghamitra Sahoo , Anamika Singh, G. Hima Bindu, Jheelam Banerjee, Manuj Tandon, Sonali Gaikwad, Revathi Rajkumar, T. Sitalaximi, Richa Ashma, R. Trivedi and V. K. Kashyap, National DNA Analysis Centre, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, 30, Gorachand Road, Kolkata 700 014, West Bengal, India Sanghamitra Sahoo and V. K. Kashyap, National Institute of Biologicals, A-32, Sector 62, Institutional Area, NOIDA 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India Telephone: +91-120-2400027, Fax: +91-120-2403014, E-mail: vkk2k@hotmail.com G. B. N. Chainy, PG Department of Biotechnology,Vani Vihar, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751 004,
Trainee Shame-Proneness and the Supervisory Process

This study examined the influence of trainee shame-proneness on the supervisory process. A longitudinal design was employed to measure alliance ratings and perceived session impact of 43 counselor trainees undergoing a 5-session supervision process. Analysis of covariance revealed a significant relationship between supervisee shame-proneness and supervisory working alliance F (4, 126) = 3.38, p = . 0116. Independent samples t-tests revealed high shame-prone supervisees rated significantly lower impact t (41) = 2.53, p = . 02, d = 1.1. Implications for the practice of supervision are discussed.
Three‐year results of the Friendly Schools whole‐of‐school intervention on children’s bullying behaviour

A group randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of the Friendly Schools program to reduce student bullying behaviour. This socio‐ecological intervention targeted the whole school, classroom, family, and individual students to reduce bullying behaviour. Self‐report data were collected in 29 schools over three years from a cohort of 1968 eight to nine‐year‐olds. Surveys measured frequency of being bullied, bullying others, telling if bullied and observing bullying. Results indicate that intervention students were significantly less likely to observe bullying at 12, 24 and 36 months and be bullied after 12 and 36 months, and significantly more likely to tell if bullied after 12 months than comparison students. No differences were found for self‐reported perpetration of bullying. The findings suggest whole‐of‐school programs that engage students in their different social contexts appear to reduce their experiences of being bullied and increase their likelihood of telling someone if they are bullied.
Correlation between 25-hydroxy-Vitamin-D and senile diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes

Objective: This study aims to explore correlation between 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D and senile diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes. Methods: From January, 2015 to January, 2017, 80 patients with DPN in type 2 diabetes (DPN group) and 80 patients with non-DPN in type 2 diabetes (NDPN group) were collected in Baoding First Central Hospital as the study objects. Glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, plasma lipids, general clinical data and 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D level of the patients were tested and serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D deficiency status was statistically analyzed. Results: 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D level of DNP group was significantly lower than that of NDNP group while the incidence of 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D deficiency of DNP group was obviously higher than that of NDNP group. A negative correlation between 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D level and disease course, HbA1c, LDL-C as well as TC was found (P<0.05). With the single factor, logistic regression of the patients, disease course and HbA1c had positive correlation with DPN while 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D level had negative correlation with DPN. Conclusion: 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D is negatively correlated with DPN.
Social interactions and social preferences in social networks

We study social interactions when individuals hold altruistic preferences in social networks. Rich network features can be captured in the resulting best response function. The inward network links provide unique information for identifying the altruism effect. We demonstrate that the often ignored altruism is another serious confounding factor of peer effects. Specifically, the estimates of peer effects are approximately 36% smaller after taking into account social preferences. Furthermore, we could identify two types of effects caused by peers' outcomes: the spillover effects and the externality effects, which is impossible in a conventional social interactions model based on the self‐interest hypothesis.
Modified Polyaxial S1 Screw Placement in Patients with Difficult Sacral Anatomy - Technical Report

We present a case of a patient with unfavorable sacral angles and narrow iliac window created by large bilateral iliac crests who underwent L5-S1 anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) followed by posterior fixation using L5-pedicle screws and L5-S1-facet screws for lumbar degenerative disease. Due to the difficult sacral anatomy, S1 pedicle screw placement was deemed technically difficult. The use of a L5-S1 facet screw reduced the need for retraction and muscle dissection or inserting a pedicle screw via new incision. Although no longer the most commonly performed form of posterior instrumented fusion, facet screw fixation has similar pseudoarthrosis rates when compared to transpedicular screw fixation. Transfacet fixation, however, is less invasive compared to transpedicular fixation and can be incorporated with the traditional ALIF procedure. Moreover, facet screw fixation affords 4-cortical purchase of the facet joints and can be used in obese patients, patients with hypertrophic iliac crests and those with unfavorable sacral angles.
Effects of Clove Oil on Liver and Antioxidant Status of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

This study was design To evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of low and high doses of clove oil on diabetic rats. Forty female albino rats were equally divided into four groups. The first group served as control (G1). The other 3 groups were intraperitoneal injected with 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. One diabetic group (G2) kept untreated and served as positive control. The other diabetic groups (G3 and G4) were treated with 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of clove oil respectively. Results revealed that the STZ-induced diabetic group exhibited high significant increase in the activities of the liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) as well as reduction in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase compared to the control group. Diabetic groups treated with different doses of clove oil showed a decrease in the activities of liver enzymes in and increase in antioxidant enzymes activities compared to untreated diabetic group. Histopathological examination of liver tissues of diabetic rats indicated sever changes. However, their changes were overcome by clove oil treatment and the majority of the cells tend to be normal. Clove oil supplementation may act as antioxidant agents and could be an excellent adjuvant support in therapy of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Repellence effectiveness of essential oils from some Tanzanian Ocimum and Hyptis plant species against afro-tropical vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis

Essential oils from three plant species growing in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Ocimum gratissimum (OG), Ocimum tenuiflorum (OT) and Hyptis suaveolens (HS) all from family Labiateae, were extracted by hydrodistillation and evaluated for laboratory and field based repellency against afro-tropical vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. All oils were found to exhibit high mosquito repellency activity against Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto in the laboratory tests with RC50 values ranging from 2.0- to 15-×10−5 mg cm−2, whereas standard N,N-diethyl- 3-toluamide (DEET) was more repelling with RC50 value of 0.1×10−5mg cm−2. The formulation containing 10% of O. gratissimum provided protection against mosquito bites from Anopheles funestus of 70.5 to 95.7%, A. gambiae of 63.2 to 91.5% andCulex quinquefasciatus of 83.8 to 89.5%. The 30% O. gratissimum formulation was more effective with better protection against mosquito bites from A. funestus of 84.2 to 96.6%, A. gambiae of 73.7 to 91.5% and C. quinquefasciatus of 89.5 to 91.5%. The formulation containing 15% DEET showed slightly lower protection against mosquito bites from A. funestus of 70.5 to 78.9%, A. gambiae of 68.4 to 94.0%, C. quinquefasciatus of 85.5 to 89.5% (P<0.05). The individual components of the oils were identified by GC-MS. The implication of these results in the development and promotion of repellent plant extracts for commercialization is of priority in rural Tanzania where whole plants are currently used as repellents against mosquito vectors. Key words: Repellent plants, Labiatae, Anopheles gambiae, Culex quinquefasciatus, essential oils.
Children Friendship: The Role of Hope in Attributions, Emotions and Expectations

This research aimed to examine a) children’s attributions and emotions for their subjectively perceived friendships with their best friends as positive or negative, b) the role of children’s hope (pathways thinking, agency thinking) in the generation of their perception of their friendships as positive or negative, in the formulation of the subsequent attributions and emotions, and in the impact of attributions on emotions, and c) the effects of hope in the interactive impact of attributions and emotions on friendship expectations. The participants were 322 children, both gender, 5th and 6th grades, representing various parental socioeconomic levels. The results showed that the perceived satisfactory friendships were mainly attributed to internal, and self-friend interactive internal and controllable factors, while the estimated as non satisfactory friendships were predominately attributed to stable, friend’s controllable and internal, and self-friend interactive internal factors. The children experienced intense positive and negative emotions for their perceived satisfactory and non satisfactory friendships, respectively. Hope (mostly, agency thinking) positively influenced the generation of the perceived quality of the friendship, the subsequent attributions (particularly, stability) and emotions, and the impact of attributions on emotions, mainly in the negative friendships group. Also, in the positive friendship group, high-pathway thinking children had higher expectations of positive friendship, whereas, in the non satisfactory friendship group, low-agency thinking children had low expectations of positive friendship. Finally, hope proved formulator of the interactive effect of attributions (mainly, locus of causality) and emotions on friendship expectations. The findings from this study suggest the significant role of good friendship in children’s life, and indicate the importance of examining children friendship along the role of hope in evaluating, attributing causes, experiencing emotions and forming expectations.
Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals against planktonic and sessile Streptococcus mutans

Background Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide, encouraging the search for new and more effective antimicrobials. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals (eugenol, citronellol, sabinene hydrate, trans-cinnamaldehyde, terpineol and cinnamic acid) against Streptococcus mutans in planktonic and biofilm states as well as the cytotoxicity of these compounds. Methods The antibacterial activity of the selected compounds was evaluated by the determination of the minimal bactericidal concentration. The resazurin assay was used to assess the metabolic activity of sessile S. mutans. The cytotoxicity was determined using a fibroblast cell line. Results Among the tested phytochemicals, citronellol, cinnamic acid and trans-cinnamaldehyde were the most effective against both planktonic and sessile S. mutans, an effect apparently related to their hydrophobic character. Additionally, these three compounds did not compromise fibroblasts cell viability. Discussion Citronellol, cinnamic acid and trans-cinnamaldehyde demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity proposing their potential as a novel group of therapeutic compounds to control oral infectious diseases. Moreover, their effects are particularly relevant when benchmarked against eugenol, a phytochemical commonly used for prosthodontic applications in dentistry.
A Two-Step Computation of the Exact GAN Wasserstein Distance

In this paper, we propose a two-step method to compute the Wasserstein distance in Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGANs): 1) The convex part of our objective can be solved by linear programming; 2) The non-convex residual can be approximated by a deep neural network. We theoretically prove that the proposed formulation is equivalent to the discrete MongeKantorovich dual formulation. Furthermore, we give the approximation error bound of the Wasserstein distance and the error bound of generalizing the Wasserstein distance from discrete to continuous distributions. Our approach optimizes the exact Wasserstein distance, obviating the need for weight clipping previously used in WGANs. Results on synthetic data show that the our method computes the Wasserstein distance more accurately. Qualitative and quantitative results on MNIST, LSUN and CIFAR-10 datasets show that the proposed method is more efficient than stateof-the-art WGAN methods, and still produces images of comparable quality.