Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Foliar Application with Iron Plus Molybdenum on Quality Parameters and Chemical Composition of Jews Mallow Plant (Corchorus olitorius L.)

A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agricultural, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt in 2015/2016 season to estimate response of Jews mallow plant (Corchorus olitorius L.) cv. Balady to nitrogen (N) fertilizer and foliar spraying with Fe plus Mo. Nitrogen was applied in five rates (0, 50, 100, 125 and 150 %) as NH4NO3 (33.5% N) from recommended dose (RD) in the presence and absence of iron (Fe) plus molybdenum (Mo) as a foliar way, at the rates of 250 and 75 mg L Fe and Mo, respectively on vegetative growth parameters, chemical composition and quality parameters for Jews mallow plant. A completely randomized block design was used, with 10 treatments with three replicates. According to results, vegetative growth parameters, chlorophyll a, b and total, vitamin C, total carbohydrates and concentration of P, K, Fe and Mo in Jews mallow leaves plant increased significantly with increasing nitrogen fertilization rate up to 100% from recommended dose (RD) at marketing stage. With increase in N level up to 150% RD, fresh weight, concentration of N, protein percentage, NO3-N and NO2-N contents in the leaves of Jews mallow plant were significantly increased. On the different of this tendency; nitrate reductase enzyme activity (NRAA), vitamin C and total carbohydrates were significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 100 to 150 % RD in the leaves of Jews mallow plant. Also, results showed that foliar spraying with iron (Fe) plus molybdenum (Mo) in 50, 100, 125 and 150 % N from recommended dose significantly improved vegetative growth parameters, quality parameters and chemical composition, in Jews mallow leaves. Analysis of NO3-N and NO2-N contents in leaves revealed that NO3-N and NO2-N concentrations decreases while nitrate reductase enzyme activity (NRAA) was more pronounced increases in the presence of foliar spraying with iron (Fe) plus molybdenum (Mo) with all levels of N fertilization. Moreover, it is concluded that iron plus molybdenum at the rate of 250 and 75 mg L under 100% N from recommended dose increases vegetative growth parameters, quality parameters and chemical composition (except for NO3-N and NO2-N contents) in Jews mallow leaves. Thus protecting human health from the risk of accumulation of nitrates.
EFFECT OF N, P AND CU FERTILIZATION ON ONION YIELD, QUALITY AND NUTRIENTS UPTAKE

A pot experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during the winter season of 2013/2014 to investigate the effect of phosphorus, nitrogen and copper fertilization on yield and nutrients uptake of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was carried out in factorial experiment in complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications. The obtained results could be summarized as the following: Fertilizing onion plants with the highest level of phosphorus fertilizer (100 kg P2O5 fed ) produced the highest values of all studied characters in the season. Application of the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N fed) produced the highest values of yield, quality and nutrients uptake characters of onion in the season. Foliar spraying of onion plants with Cu at rate of 50 ppm significantly surpassed control treatment (without spraying with Cu) and produced the highest values of all studied characters in the season. It can be concluded that fertilizing onion plants with 100 kg P2O5 fed -1 and 150 kg N fed in addition to foliar spraying with 50 ppm Cu in the form of CuSO4 at three times in order to maximizing its yield, quality and nutrients uptake under the environmental conditions of Mansoura district, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.
Thermoreversible Siloxane Networks: Soft Biomaterials with Widely Tunable Viscoelasticity

Polysiloxane elastomers represent a widely utilized soft material with excellent rubber‐like elasticity, biocompatibility, and biodurability; however, there is a lack of an effective and straightforward approach to manipulate the material's viscoelastic response. A facile hydrosilylation reaction is employed to integrate ureidopyrimidinone hydrogen‐bonding side‐groups into linear and crosslinked siloxane polymers to achieve biocompatible soft materials with a highly tunable viscoelastic relaxation timescale. Stacking of H‐bonded moieties is avoided in the designed macromolecular architectures with tight, side‐groups substituents. The obtained siloxane network features the presence of both covalent crosslinks and truly thermoreversible crosslinks, and can be formulated across a broad material design space including elastic solids, recoverable viscoelastic solids, and viscous liquids. The elastomers exhibit unique temperature‐dependent shape‐memory capability and show good cytocompatibility. Importantly, a deformed material's shape‐recovery occurs regardless of external triggering, and through manipulation of network formulations, the shape‐recovery timescale can be easily tuned from seconds to days, opening new possibilities for biomedical, healthcare, and soft material applications.
An In Vitro Comparison of Quantitative Dissolution of Human Pulp in Different Irrigating Solutions

Pulp tissue from freshly extracted, intact vital premolars was removed in toto and was cut to get an approximate weight of 8.2 mg for each sample. Eighty samples thus obtained were divided into 4 groups of 20 samples each according to the irrigating solution used (5.25% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, BioPure MTAD and Distilled water (control group). Pulp tissue of specified equal weight (8.2 mg) was placed into each test tube of all groups carrying irrigants of measured volume (5ml each) at 37°C according to their specified subgroups time interval i.e. 10 min, 15 min, 20 min and 30 min respectively. The solution from each sample test tube was filtered and was left for overnight drying. The residual weight was calculated by filtration method. Results showed that the maximum amount of pulp was dissolved by 5.25% NaOCl at all time intervals. MTAD and 17% EDTA showed almost similar dissolution at all the time intervals.
Quercetin Effects on Hepatotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rats

Background: Most nanoparticles have adverse impacts on the liver, which is a vital body organ, by the induction of oxidative stress. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of quercetin (QCT) against the toxicity of nanoscale titanium dioxide (NTiO2) in Wistar rats. Methods: The present study was conducted on 32 adult female Wistar rats assigned into 4 groups of control, NTiO2 (50 mg/kg), NTiO2 + Quercetin (50 + 75 mg/kg), and Quercetin (75 mg/kg). The animals exposed to NTiO2 were administered by 50 mg/kg of NTiO2 for 21 days. The Quercetin + NTiO2 rats received Quercetin before exposing to NTiO2 for 7 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of serum were considered indicators of the hepatotoxicity. The oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. TUNEL assay and histological changes were also assessed. Results: The NTiO2 significantly elevated the MDA level (P < 0.01), enhanced the serum biomarker levels, reduced the CAT (P < 0.01) and SOD (P < 0.01) activities. The NTiO2 also aggregated the red blood cells, and caused inflammatory cell infiltration, nuclear pyknosis and fat deposit in hepatocytes, as well as induced apoptosis in the liver tissue. Pretreatment with QCT quenched oxidative stress, attenuated the histological changes, elevated the CAT (P < 0.01) and SOD (P < 0.01) activities, normalized the serum biomarker levels and decreased apoptosis (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The QCT has an inhibitory impact on hepatotoxicity induced by nanoparticles in rats.
Increase In Hepatic Quinolinic Acid Concentrations In Alcohol Withdrawn Rats.

BACKGROUND Behavioral associated disturbance involves excitotoxic quinolinate in alcohol withdrawal syndrome in man due to increase availability of tryptophan. In present study we investigated alcoholism related clinical features in relation to tryptophan and 5-HT levels in rat's model. METHODS Locally bred male Wistar rats, weighing 200-250 g were housed separately into 6 animals/ group with 12 h light: dark cycle at room temp 22±3 °C. They were given diet ad libitum, for three days then alcohol 8% (v/v) was added into the liquid diet. Matched control rats of each group were given maltose-dextrin as a substitute of alcohol. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome was assessed after 7 hours by replacing the alcohol-containing liquid diet with tap water. RESULTS Alcohol withdrawal group showed significant increase (p<0.001) in holo, apo, and total tryptophan 2, 3 dioxygenase enzyme activities, no significant change in brain tryptophan and 5HIAA however significant decrease (p<0.001) in brain 5HT was observed when compared with chow controls. Both alcohols administered and withdrawal groups showed significant rise in serum corticosterone by p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively. Liver quinolinic acid concentrations were increased significantly (p<0.01) with robust increase in alcohol withdrawn rats. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the excitotoxin tryptophan metabolite quinolinic acid of peripheral origin plays significant role in the behavioral manifestation of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Tryptophan metabolites should be targeted to develop new strategies in the progress of pharmacological interventions related to alcoholism.
Special electrochemical behaviour of sodium thiazolinyl-dithiopropane sulphonate during microvia filling

ABSTRACT In this work, galvanostatic measurements were employed to study the electrochemical behaviour of thiazolinyl-dithiopropane sulphonate (SH110) in a copper plating process, which indicated that it had a critical concentration of 12.5 mg L−1. At this critical concentration, it would accelerate copper deposition at strong forced convection but inhibit copper deposition at weak forced convection. To get more insight into SH110, its potential decomposition products, 3-mercapto-1-propanesulphonate (MPS) and 2-thiazoline-2-thiol (H1), were also investigated. It was found that MPS always presented an acceleration effect with its concentration increasing, whereas H1, with a simple molecular structure, also had a critical concentration, which was 1.25 mg L−1. As expected, superfilling can be achieved by using H1 as the single additive. Finally, the interaction between SH110 and H1 was studied to prove the decomposition of SH110, as well as to illustrate its action mechanism.
Nitric Acid Extraction into a TODGA Solvent Modified with 1-Octanol

ABSTRACT Distribution data for the partition of nitric acid between nitric acid solution and a solvent phase comprising various combinations of TODGA, octanol, and inert kerosene diluent have been generated, covering a range of conditions from 0 to 9 mol/L HNO3(aq), 0–100% octanol, 0–0.4 mol/L TODGA over a temperature range from 10°C to 50°C. The data have been used to derive a model describing the nitric acid equilibrium between the phases suitable for incorporation in process models of the innovative SANEX process, for example. For the nitric acid/octanol/diluent system, it was found that an accurate prediction of nitric acid distribution could be achieved using a model allowing 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 nitric acid/octanol adducts. For the nitric acid/TODGA/diluent system, the best models were found to be those allowing 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, and 2:2 nitric acid/TODGA adducts. Superimposing the models for nitric acid distribution into the individual extractants and comparing with experimental results for the nitric acid/octanol/TODGA system showed systematic differences indicative of antagonistic and synergistic effects applying in the ranges 0.5–1.5 mol/L HNO3 and >1.5 mol/L HNO3, respectively. These effects were modelled by the inclusion of 0:1:2, 1:1:1, 2:1:3, and 3:1:2 nitric acid/TODGA/octanol adducts. The effect of temperature on nitric acid extraction was well described by an Arrhenius type expression with an activation energy of −25.7 kJ/mol. No diluent dependence was found for nitric acid extraction.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: An Inorganic Phosphatase

Phosphorus is one of the most important macronutrients for the primary production. The transformation of dissolved organic phosphorus in the environment and its contribution to biological production in the different ecosystems is still a mystery. Recently, it was demonstrated that phosphate ester can be rapidly hydrolyzed in solutions containing iron oxide nanoparticles with enzyme kinetics. The catalyst is sensitive to temperature and pH changes and inhibited by tetrahedral oxyanions with an order of PO 4 < MoO 4 < WO 4 . The oxo-Fe structure in the iron oxide nanoparticles, like the metal center of natural phosphatase (e.g., purple acid phosphatase, PAP), might contribute to the observed catalytic activity. Iron oxide nanoparticles are very common and widely exist in the current earth environment, and phosphate esters are the main component of dissolved organic phosphorus in soil and waters. It is expected that iron oxide nanoparticles in aqueous environments, as an inorganic phosphatase, play a critical role for the phosphorus transformation from the view of the phosphorus cycle.
Role of the plant heterotrimeric G-proteins in the signal pathways regulation

Animal and fungal heterotrimeric G-proteins are among the well-known regulators of signaling pathways. Plant studies have shown that G-proteins may also be involved in the regulation of many processes. G-proteins are involved in hormonal regulation, control of cell proliferation, response to abiotic factors, control of biotic interactions and many others. It turned out that with a smaller variety of subunits, G-proteins of plants can have a greater variety of mechanisms for activating and transmitting signals. However, for most processes in plants the mechanisms of operation of heterotrimeric G-proteins remain poorly understood. This review is devoted to the analysis of modern ideas about the structure and functioning of heterotrimeric plant G proteins.
Effect of Propolis Extract as a Natural Preservative on the Microbial Content of Kareish Cheese

The present study aimed to utilize propolis extract as natural preservative and attractive healthy ingredients on the microbial content of kareish cheese during storage. Effect of two extracts of proplis (ethanolic and water extract) were used at different concentrations on the growth of three bacterial strains, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifdobacterium bifidium being used as starter. The affect of these extracts on some spoilage contaminants of dairy microorganisms in milk medium were also studied. The resultant kareish cheeses from different treatments (with ethanol and water propolis extracts) were analyzed for phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, microbiological and sensory properties when fresh and during storage (28 day) at 5±1°C. The counts of Str. thermophilus and Lb. bulgaricus in milk with different concentrations of propolis extracts were significantly higher than those in control. Ethanol extraction of propolis (EEP) and water extraction of propolis (WEP) at 600 and 1000 mg /100ml displayed a bactericidal effect with all of the tested spoilage microorganisms.The addition of propolis extract had a negligible effect on the content of cheese moisture, and slight decrease in total protein of cheese was observed along the storage period. High acidity of kareish cheese observed with increasing the concentration of added propolis extracts. Addition of different concentrations (6 and 10%) of propolis extracts (ethanolic and water) increased of the phenolic compounds, flavonids and antioxidant activity with the increase of propolis extracts. The counts of Lb. bulgaricus and Str. thermophilus in kareish cheese treatments were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than these in the control. However, counts of mesophilic (MBC) and psychrophilic (PBC), coliform bacteria and moulds & yeasts in kariesh cheese treatments were not detected until 21 days. Kareish cheeses made with water propolis extract (T3 andT4) were of higher sensory evaluation and with the best acceptablility during storage period, compared with cheese made by ethanolic propolis extract (T1 and T2).
Salmonella Within Macrophages--An Extreme Host-Pathogen Interface: Small Molecule Inhibitors of Bacterial Efflux and the Roles of Bacterial Lipid Metabolism and Mammalian Co-Culture During Infection

Pathogens withstand extreme host environments during infection. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium survives within host macrophages, immune cells intended to phagocytose and destroy pathogens. Through decades of study, we know much about how Salmonella endures this challenging niche. I leveraged this host-pathogen interface to identify small molecules that disrupt Salmonella infection of macrophages. I developed a medium-throughput fluorescence microscopy-based screening assay and image analysis pipeline to quantify intracellular bacterial load. With this platform, I identified 300 small molecules that reduce Salmonella infection of macrophages. Of the top 60 hits, I characterized three compounds that inhibit bacterial efflux pumps and sensitize Salmonella to host antimicrobial peptides. This result highlights the importance of bacterial efflux pumps in defense against host antimicrobials, and validates efflux pumps as a therapeutic target to treat infection. I also characterized the antimicrobial activity of clomipramine, a clinically used tricyclic antidepressant. I found that antiSalmonella activity was unrelated to clomipramine’s canonical inhibition of the serotonin reuptake transporter, and that clomipramine may activate host autophagy to clear bacteria. However, clomipramine was ineffective against Salmonella infection in vivo, which limits the possibility of repurposing this drug as an antimicrobial. Together, these studies exemplify the
Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Murraya koenigii Leaves Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts on Serum Lipid Profile of High Fat-Fructose Fed Rats

Cite this article: Phatak RS, Khanwelkar CC, Matule SM, Datkhile KD, Hendre AS. Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Murraya koenigii Leaves Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts on Serum Lipid Profile of High Fat-Fructose Fed Rats. Pharmacog J. 2019;11(4):836-41. Phcogj.com Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Murraya koenigii Leaves Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts on Serum Lipid Profile of High Fat-Fructose Fed Rats
EVOLUTION AND NUCLEOSYNTHESIS OF ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS IN THREE MAGELLANIC CLOUD CLUSTERS

We present stellar evolutionary sequences for asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the Magellanic Cloud clusters NGC 1978, NGC 1846, and NGC 419. The new stellar models for the three clusters match the observed effective temperatures on the giant branches, the oxygen-rich to carbon-rich transition luminosities, and the AGB-tip luminosities. A major finding is that a large amount of convective overshoot (up to 3 pressure scale heights) is required at the base of the convective envelope during third dredge-up in order to get the correct oxygen-rich to carbon-rich transition luminosity. The stellar evolution sequences are used as input for detailed nucleosynthesis calculations. For NGC 1978 and NGC 1846 we compare our model results to the observationally derived abundances of carbon and oxygen. We find that additional mixing processes (extra mixing) are required to explain the observed abundance patterns. For NGC 1846 we conclude that non-convective extra mixing processes are required on both the red giant branch and the AGB, in agreement with previous studies. For NGC 1978 it is possible to explain the C/O and 12C/13C abundances of both the O-rich and the C-rich AGB stars by assuming that the material in the intershell region contains high abundances of both C and O. This may occur during a thermal pulse when convective overshoot at the inner edge of the flash-driven convective pocket dredges C and O from the core to the intershell. For NGC 419 we provide our predicted model abundance values although there are currently no published observed abundance studies for the AGB stars in this cluster.
Nutritional value and safety of castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds detoxified in solid-state fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus

Abstract. Adebayo OC, Ogidi CO, Akinyele BJ. 2019. Nutritional value and safety of castor bean (Ricinus communis) seed detoxified in solid-state fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 17: 51-60. The nutrient and antinutrient contents of unfermented castor seeds (UCS), castor seeds fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus (CPF) and “Ogiri,” a naturally fermented condiment from castor seeds (CSF) were determined. Proximate analyses of all the samples were carried out using methods of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. The biosafety of the samples was carried out using the animal model. The raw castor seeds (UCS) had the highest carbohydrate (61.04%), ash (6.02%), fats (6.65%), fiber (6.62%), and calcium (0.30 mg/100g). Castor seeds fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus (CPF) had the highest protein content of 20.47%, magnesium of 7.16 mg/100g, alkaloids (7.40 mg/g) and saponins (6.69 mg/g) . CSF had the highest zinc (0.69 mg/100g). CPF had the lowest tannin (0.05 mg/g). All the essential amino acids increased significantly in the fermented samples. Tryptophan was absent in UCS but present in CSF and CPF with values of 0.78 mg/100g and 1.15 mg/100g, respectively. The hematological analysis of the rats fed CPF had the highest WBC of 5.43×109, which indicated a positive immunomodulatory effect. Hence, this study revealed that Pleurotus ostreatus degraded the toxic compounds in castor seeds to a large extent and enhanced the nutritional contents of the final product.
From Waste to Profit : Assessment of α-Amylase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities Along with the development of an Active Packaging Film for Valorization of Pea peels

The present study aimed to valorize pea peels (Pisum sativum) using new unusual aspects. In other words, to identify and quantify the phenolic profile of pea peels 80 % ethanol extract (PEE), to estimate the antioxidant and anti-α-amylase activities of successive extraction solvent fractions of the previously mentioned extract, to evaluate chitosan(Cs) / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / PEE edible film as antioxidant agent. The results exposed that ethyl acetate fraction had the highest amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids where their values were 165.43 mg GAE/g and 26.63 mg QE/g ,respectively. Hesperidin was documented as the most abundant polyphenol in pea peels ethanolic extract with remarkably high amount (2017.2μg/g). Butanol fraction recorded considerable anti-αamylase activity (IC50 = 1.61 mg/ml). The present study extremely evidenced the antioxidant activity of pea peel extracts. Besides , ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 values for DPPH, NO and H2O2 assays with the values of 167.23, 302.36 and 317.66 μg/ml, respectively. Interestingly, a significant and negative correlation was remarked between total flavonoids content and IC50 for the scavenging DPPH radical. Finally , it could be suggested that Cs/PVA film containing PEE can be used for development of active food packaging materials.
Determination of Amino Acid Composition in the Harpagophytum procumbens Root

The amino acid composition of the roots of Harpagophytum procumbens was investigated by the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with preliminary derivatization. Sixteen free and thirteen bound amino acids were quantitatively determined. The content of protein-bound amino acids was calculated. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 85-91, 2019 (June)