Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suspicion in the workplace: Organizational conspiracy theories and work‐related outcomes

Belief in conspiracy theories about societal events is widespread and has important consequences for political, health, and environmental behaviour. Little is known, however, about how conspiracy theorizing affects people's everyday working lives. In the present research, we predicted that belief in conspiracy theories about the workplace would be associated with increased turnover intentions. We further hypothesized that belief in these organizational conspiracy theories would predict decreased organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Finally, we hypothesized that these factors would mediate the relationship between organizational conspiracy theories and turnover intentions. In three studies (one correlational and two experiments, Ns = 209, 119, 202), we found support for these hypotheses. The current studies therefore demonstrate the potentially adverse consequences of conspiracy theorizing for the workplace. We argue that managers and employees should be careful not to dismiss conspiracy theorizing as harmless rumour or gossip.
A technique for enhancing and matching the resolution of microwave measurements from the SSM/I instrument

The authors describe and apply a correction technique for matching the resolution of all the frequencies of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) to the 25-km spatial resolution of the 37-GHz channel. To accomplish this, it is necessary to increase the spatial resolution of the 19- and 22-GHz channels while degrading that of the 85-GHz channel. It is found that the approach produces adequate enhancement of the spatial resolution to make such a correction worthwhile. Results suggest that this technique decreases brightness temperature differences stemming solely from spatial resolution differences by over 50% for the low resolution channels with only a modest increase in random noise. The correction can also help to better resolve small features which would otherwise be lost due to the lack of resolution. >
Agency, Shmagency: Why Normativity Won't Come from What is Constitutive of Action

There is a fairly widespread – and very influential – hope among philosophers interested in the status of normativity that the solution to our metaethical and more generally metanormative problems will emerge from the philosophy of action. What we need, so the thought goes, is to better understand what action and agency consist in. With this understanding in hand, we will then have all that we need in order to give a philosophical account of reasons for action, or of (practical) normativity altogether.In this paper I argue that this hope is unfounded. Focusing on the work of Rosati, Velleman and Korsgaard, I argue that normativity cannot be grounded in what is constitutive of action. After presenting the objection to this strategy, I then address several – actual and possible – retorts, concluding that these thinkers have not been able to address the worry, and that it does not seem likely that they can.
Dissociation of binding and antiresorptive properties of hydroxybisphosphonates by substitution of the hydroxyl with an amino group

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the R1 moiety of bisphosphonates in binding to bone mineral and for antiresorptive action. For this, the R1 chain of three clinically useful hydroxybisphosphonates (etidronate, pamidronate, and olpadronate) was substituted with an amino group. The effects of the aminosubstituted bisphosphonates were compared with those of their hydroxy counterparts in a crystal growth assay and in fetal mouse long bone cultures which are representative of bisphosphonate actions in vivo. It was found that all three aminosubstituted compounds and their hydroxy analogs bound with similar affinity to bone mineral and inhibited the growth of calcium oxalate crystals to the same extent. Surprisingly, the antiresorptive effect of olpadronate was totally abolished by the amino substitution of the hydroxyl group while that of pamidronate was reduced by about six‐fold and that of etidronate did not change. These studies demonstrate the involvement of the entire bisphosphonate molecule in the cellular mechanism of antiresorptive action. In addition, the aminosubstituted analog of olpadronate, which lacks any antiresorptive action but retains all other properties of olpadronate, provides an excellent tool for the study of specific cellular effects involved in bisphosphonate action.
Therapeutic strategies for invasive fungal infections in neonatal and pediatric patients

Invasive Candida and Aspergillus infections are the most commonly encountered fungal infections. They appear to be life threatening in the setting of profound immunosuppression, whereas cases that are resistant to antifungal therapy are occasionally encountered. Novel antifungal triazole and echinocandin agents appear to exhibit good activity as first-line or salvage therapy, whereas the use of amphotericin B formulations is particularly valuable in neonates. Significant differences in toxicity have been demonstrated among various antifungal agents with in vitro activity from available comparative data on fungal infections in children: however, no clear difference in treatment efficacy has been demonstrated. However, very little data are available about neonates. Host factors and responsible fungal species most frequently guide the choice of therapy.
Systèmes modèles pour la réplication d'une information génétique.

Les recherches decrites dans cette these ont pour but le developpement de systemes modeles pour 'reparer' des sites abasiques dans des doubles helices d'ADN. Nous ne pensons pas retablir la base naturelle manquante, mais introduirons une modification chimique du site abasique pour restaurer la stabilite du duplex. La base opposee au site abasique sera utilisee pour selectionner un "reactif de reparation" complementaire au sens de l'appariement de type Watson-Crick, parmi plusieurs reactifs possibles. Cette etape de selection devrait donc constituer une sorte de "transfert d'information" ou de "replication" de la base opposee vers le site abasique, et elle devrait etre interessante a ce titre. Nous voudrions que notre systeme de reparation de sites abasiques utilise des reactions qui soient reversibles a l'echelle de l'experience. Cela devrait permettre une correction in situ des erreurs commises par le systeme. Nous voudrions egalement que les unites de reparation reagissent avec le squelette de l'ADN, mais sans le couper. Nous pensons qu'eviter la coupure du brin rendra notre systeme beaucoup plus fiable. Nous avons choisi la reaction entre des aldehydes et des derives d'amines pour former des derives d'imines. Ces reactifs peuvent reagir de maniere reversible dans l'eau a pH 7. Cette these est divisee en trois chapitres principaux; dans le chapitre deux une etude bibliographique de la litterature sur laquelle nos travaux sont bases est presentee. Le chapitre trois contient les travaux sur la reparation des sites abasiques naturels. Le chapitre quatre concerne les travaux sur la reparation des sites abasiques artificiels.
Sequestration of Dietary Alkaloids by the Spongivorous Marine Mollusc Tylodina perversa

Abstract Specimens of the spongivorous Mediterranean opisthobranch Tylodina perversa that had been collected while feeding on Aplysina aerophoba were shown to sequester the brominated isoxazoline alkaloids of their prey. Alkaloids were stored in the hepatopancreas, mantle tissues, and egg masses in an organ-specific manner. Surprisingly, the known sponge alkaloid aerothionin which is found only in A. cavernicola but not in A. aerophoba was also among the metabolites identified in wild caught specimens of T. perversa as well as in opisthobranchs with a documented feeding history on A. aerophoba. Mollusc derived aerothionin is postulated to be derived from a previous feeding encounter with A. cavernicola as T. perversa was found to freely feed on both Aplysina sponges in aquarium bioassays. The possible ecological significance of alkaloid sequestration by T. perversa is still unknown.
Angle closure following neodymium-YAG(Nd YAG) laser capsulotomy in the aphakic eye.

SIR, Wishart, Spaeth, and Bryzees' report an incidence of 14% of angle closure glaucoma among 76 patients with the exfoliation syndrome. They believe that earlier reports indicating no association between a narrow anterior chamber and the exfoliation syndrome represent incomplete observation. I reported an association between angle closure and exfoliation syndrome in 1979.2 In 1981' I gave a full description of 13 patients with angle-closure glaucoma out of a total of 107 with glaucoma and exfoliation syndrome, 12%, a percentage similar to that of Wishart et al. I suggested a mechanism of 'iridocapsular' block and presented three patients cured by peripheral iridectomy, first described by Herbst,4 and one by mydriasis. I concluded that such cases would be discovered by better observation and therefore correct management would follow. Edinburgh University Department of R S BARTHOLOMEW Ophthalmology, Eye Pavilion, Chalmers Street, Edinburgh EH3 9HA
Modeling progression risk for smoldering multiple myeloma: results from a prospective clinical study

Abstract The risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM) from the precursor condition smoldering MM (SMM) varies considerably among individual patients. Reliable markers for progression to MM are vital to advance the understanding of myeloma precursor disease and for the development of intervention trials designed to delay/prevent MM. The Mayo Clinic and Spanish PETHEMA have proposed models to stratify patient risk based on clinical parameters. The aim of our study was to define the degree of concordance between these two models by comparing the distribution of patients with SMM classified as low, medium and high risk for progression. A total of 77 patients with SMM were enrolled in our prospective natural history study. Per study protocol, each patient was assigned risk scores based on both the Mayo and the Spanish models. The Mayo Clinic model identified 38, 35 and four patients as low, medium and high risk, respectively. The Spanish PETHEMA model classified 17, 22 and 38 patients as low, medium and high risk, respectively. There was significant discordance in overall patient risk classification (28.6% concordance) and in classifying patients as low versus high (p < 0.0001), low versus non-low (p = 0.0007) and high versus non-high (p < 0.0001) risk. There is a need for prospectively validated models to characterize individual patient risk of transformation to MM.
Shift in feather mite distribution during the molt of passerines: the case of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica)

Feather mites show a high diversity of distribution patterns on the wings of birds, but we are currently unable to make precise predictions about the distribution of mites on a given bird at a given time. This is especially intriguing be- cause factors such as air turbulence, humidity, or temperature are already recognized as shaping feather mite distribution. We hypothesize that feather mites, rather than responding to single factors, respond at the same time to different con- straints when deciding where to live. To test this hypothesis, we studied the distribution of mites along the wings of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica L., 1758) in Europe before molting and in Africa during and after molt. Feather mite preferen- ces shifted according to the stage of molt of the bird, with a pattern suggesting a clear compromise between being as close as possible to the non-molting distribution while avoiding the molt of the occupied feather and the early stages of growth of new feathers. Thus, we suggest that interacting factors, rather than single variables, must be studied to further advance the understanding of the distribution of feather mites on the wings of birds. Resume ´ : Les acariens des plumes presentent une grande diversitede patrons de repartition sur les ailes des oiseaux; il est, cependant, impossible al'heure actuelle de faire des predictions precises sur la repartition des acariens sur un oiseau particulier aun moment donne ´. Ce fait est assez intrigant puisqu'il est dejareconnu que des facteurs tels que la turbulence de l'air, l'humiditeet la temperature sont responsables de la repartition des acariens des plumes. Nous emettons l'hy- pothese selon laquelle les acariens des plumes, plutot que de reagir ades facteurs individuels, repondent simultanement a plusieurs contraintes differentes lorsqu'ils decident ouse loger. Afin de tester cette hypothese, nous avons etudiela reparti- tion des acariens sur les ailes de l'hirondelle rustique ( Hirundo rustica L., 1758) en Europe avant la mue et en Afrique
Peptide YY in children: a review

Abstract Background: Peptide YY has been found to reduce food intake via the vagal-brainstem-hypothalamic pathway. There is some indication that PYY levels may differ in early childhood in comparison with adult studies. Studies of PYY in children have yet to be synthesized. Methods: This review synthesized 21 articles including studies with infants/newborns, primary school age children and populations with special health needs. Results: Some important differences emerge between studies of PYY in children in comparison to those with adults. In those studies with infants and newborns, there is a high level of PYY in preterm and full term neonates in comparison with school age children and adults. As children get older the relationship between PYY levels and body composition and obesity is more similar to that of adults. Fasting PYY levels may be lower in obese children in comparison with adults and weight loss may restore a higher postprandial level of PYY in contrast with adults whose levels remain low. Conclusions: Additional studies are needed to better understand the role of higher PYY in infancy and to assess the effectiveness of different diets on children throughout time-points in growth and development as well as those with different racial/ethnic background.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of working memory impairment after traumatic brain injury

OBJECTIVES To examine patterns of brain activation while performing a working memory task in persons with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy controls. It is well established that working memory is an area of cognition that is especially vulnerable to disruption after TBI. Although much has been learned about the system of cerebral representation of working memory in healthy people, little is known about how this system is disrupted by TBI. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain activation during a working memory task (a modified version of the paced auditory serial addition test) in nine patients with TBI and seven healthy controls. RESULTS Patients with TBI were able to perform the task, but made significantly more errors than healthy controls. Cerebral activation in both groups was found in similar regions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, and resembled patterns of activation found in previous neuroimaging studies of working memory in healthy persons. However, compared with the healthy controls, the TBI group displayed a pattern of cerebral activation that was more regionally dispersed and more lateralised to the right hemisphere. Differences in lateralisation were particularly evident in the frontal lobes. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of working memory in TBI seems to be associated with alterations in functional cerebral activity.
Small intestinal ulcers and intestinal flora in rats given indomethacin.

INDOME'rHAcIN (1->-chlorobenzoyl) -5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid-an anti-inflammatory agent used for arthritis, has been reported to produce peptic ulcers in man 14 and animals.5'8 After one of us experienced epigastric distress while taking indomethacin, a preliminary experiment in rats was undertaken. Surprisingly, the drug did not produce upper gastrointestinal ulcers, but instead, we observed striking longitudinal ulcers on the mesenteric side of the distal jejunum and the ileum. The purpose of this paper is to describe the lesions produced by single doses of indomethacin in the rat. Further, we have used this model to investigate the role of the intestinal flora in the production of the smallintestinal ulcers.
Dynamics of an open elastic rod with intrinsic curvature and twist in a viscous fluid

A twisted elastic rod with intrinsic curvature is considered. We investigate the dynamics of the rod in a viscous incompressible fluid. This fluid is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations and the fluid-rod interaction problem is solved by the generalized immersed boundary method combined with the Kirchhoff rod theory. We classify the equilibrium configurations of an open elastic rod as they depend on the rod’s intrinsic characteristics and fluid properties. We assume that the intrinsic curvature and twist are distributed uniformly along the rod. In the case of zero intrinsic curvature (i.e., the stress-free state of the rod is straight), we find a critical value of twist, below which the straight state of the rod is stable. When the twist is above this critical value, however, the rod buckles locally and produces a loop or a plectoneme or a combination of both. When the constant intrinsic curvature is nonzero, we also find a critical value of twist that distinguishes a buckled rod from a stable helix. W.
Comparison of the Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a Cognitive Screening Tool in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting

Identifying the presence of cognitive impairment in patients admitted for inpatient rehabilitation is important as it may impact on their ability to participate in a rehabilitation program. The Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) has been used by clinicians as a cognitive screening tool for its convenience, even though it is not sensitive, and often fails to detect cognitive impairment. Recently, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has been developed as a brief cognitive screening tool to detect mild-moderate cognitive impairment. We performed a longitudinal study to compare the utility of the MMSE and MoCA in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. A total of 50 consecutive patients were studied with an average age of 71.7 years of age. The mean test score for MMSE was 26.5 and 22.2 for the MoCA. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the scores was 0.695 (p < 0.003). The mean performance time for the MMSE was 7.4 minutes and 14.8 minutes for the MoCA. MMSE did not perform well as a screening instrument for mild cognitive impairment as there were 43 patients who scored 24 or more on MMSE, and 25 patients (58%) scored 25 or less on MoCA, indicating the presence of cognitive impairment. Even though the MoCA takes longer to administer, the additional important information provided indicates that the MoCA should be used rather than the MMSE as a cogni-tive screening tool.
Effect of taking dietary supplement on hematological and biochemical parameters in male bodybuilders an equation model

Background: The improved physical action following administration of supplements to bodybuilders was supported by changes in laboratory parameters. Despite the fact that these supplements are sometimes associated both advantage and side effects, this study were conducted for the purpose of evaluating the possible effects of some commonly used supplements in bodybuilders on the hematological and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: In this study, we included 40 male bodybuilders as cases and 40 controls in the age group of 20-40 years. They used different kinds of supplements for 1 year. In general, all the supplements used were classified into two groups: hormonal and non-hormonal. Laboratory tests were requested for evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters. Results: In an equation model, we found that weight (P = 0.024), duration of bodybuilding (P < 0.001), and duration of hormone supplement consumption (P < 0.001) were loaded significantly on the latent variables, demographic and dietary supplement, respectively. The relationship between dietary supplement and biochemical and hematological parameters was significant (P = 0.01) and some of these parameters including creatinine (P = 0.023), blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001), and red blood cell distribution (RDW) (P = 0.046) had a significant role than others. In a multivariate regression model, we found that WBC (P < 0.001), platelets (P < 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; P < 0.001), creatinine (P < 0.001), AST (P = 0.005), and ALT (P = 0.001) were higher in athletes than in controls. Conclusions: It is strongly advised that there should be some concerns about possible supplement-induced changes in the laboratory exams for bodybuilders. The available supplements are unchecked and not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). More studies should be designed for a better and precise administration of each supplement in athletes.
Oxidized phospholipids reduce vascular leak and inflammation in rat model of acute lung injury.

RATIONALE Acute inflammation and vascular leak are cardinal features of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nonspecific tissue inflammation and injury in response to infectious and noninfectious insults lead to oxidative stress and the generation of lipid oxidation products, which may inhibit the acute inflammatory response to bacterial components. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OxPAPC) may attenuate the acute lung inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enhance lung vascular barrier recovery, we used in vivo and in vitro models of LPS-induced lung injury. METHODS Rats received intratracheal aerosolized LPS (5 mg/kg) or sterile water with concurrent intravenous injection of OxPAPC (0.5-6.0 mg/kg) or saline alone. Nonoxidized PAPC was used as a control. At 18 h, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and the lungs were removed for histologic analysis. Measurements of endothelial transmonolayer electrical resistance and immunofluorescent analysis of monolayer integrity were used in an in vitro model of LPS-induced lung vascular barrier dysfunction. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In vivo, aerosolized intratracheal LPS induced lung injury with profound increases in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils, protein content, and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and interleukin 1beta, as well as tissue neutrophils. OxPAPC, but not nonoxidized PAPC, markedly attenuated the LPS-induced tissue inflammation, barrier disruption, and cytokine production over a range of doses. In vitro, oxidized phospholipids attenuated LPS-induced endothelial barrier disruption and reversed LPS-induced cytoskeletal remodeling and disruption of monolayer integrity. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate in vivo and in vitro protective effects of oxidized phospholipids on LPS-induced lung dysfunction.