Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Perception of Physiotherapists of Karachi in their Role to Rehabilitate and Manage Obesity

Background: Physiotherapists as providers of primary health care are well placed in promoting physical activity and lifestyles changes, but the role and practice of physiotherapist towards its promotion among obese individuals has not been fully investigated. The objective of this study is to examine perceptions of Karachi physiotherapists regarding their role in management of obesity, the learning needs for, and hurdles facing by them in the rehabilitation. Methods: It was cross-sectional survey that has been conducted among 100 Physiotherapists from three tertiary care hospitals & universities of Karachi from April to June 2013. There has been used Self-administered questionnaire and sampling was Convenient Purposive sampling in qualitative research. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Questionnaire was intended to determine physiotherapist’s perceptions of their role and consisted of questions about respondent’s demographics profile, practice and domains related to management of obesity and associated conditions. Result: In this study 93% of participants agreed that physiotherapists has role in the management of patients with obesity by developing exercise interventions.95% plays role in functional mobility and 94%in cardio respiratory training programme. In this study participants were found less aware about weight loss management. Barrier found in patient treatment is due to lack of patient motivation. Conclusion: This study revealed physiotherapist played important role in patient rehabilitation management with obesity, especially in a area of mobility and exercise prescription for conditions associated with obesity. In future there is need to take into account the different perspectives of physical therapy and with a larger sample size representing all four states of Pakistan.
Human resource management in the North American automotive industry: A meta‐analytic review

Purpose – This article aims to provide a quantitative review of the range and effects of human resource management (HRM) practices in the North American automotive industry.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 14 studies provided data for an employee‐level meta‐analysis of the relationships comprising high performance work systems in the automotive manufacturing sector. As an extension of research in this context, we hypothesized that three clusters of organizational practices (work systems, HR policies, and leadership) would be associated with two clusters of employee‐level psychosocial outcomes (person‐focused, organizational‐focused) which, in turn, would be related to employee performance.Findings – It was found that work systems and HR policies related to both person‐focused (comprising individual job satisfaction, health, self‐esteem, and social support) and organization‐focused (comprising organizational commitment and perceptions of organizational justice) outcomes. The leadership cluster had .
Changes of haematological parameters in common pheasant throughout the year

The haematological parameters of the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), the dynamics of changes in blood count parameters with regard to the season of the year and reproduction status, and the effects of sex and body condition on the haematological parameters of blood were studied. In total, 574 blood samples were collected. The samples were collected from pheasants from the age of 6 months, prior to the laying period, and after the laying period. Packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration significantly increased in males during the period of growth and decreased during the period of reproductive activity. Significantly higher values were detected in males compared to females in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. A statistically significant positive relationship was detected between weight and the values of most of the parameters related to red blood cells.
Corporate Failures and the Denomination of Corporate Bonds: Evidence from Emerging Asian Economies Over Two Financial Crises

Using a novel financial data-set which covers an extensive time period between 1995 to 2012, we test for the impact of currency denomination of bonds on Asian firms’ survival probabilities. Our data span two financial crises: the 1997–98 Asian crisis and the 2007–09 global financial crisis. We find that during the former crisis firms with foreign currency denominated bonds face a higher probability of failure compared to firms with domestic bonds. On the other extreme, we find no notable differences between the 2007–09 financial crisis and tranquil times for both domestic and foreign issuers.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STREAMWATER E. COLI CONCENTRATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN NEW ZEALAND

Stream water E. coli concentrations, collected from 73 sites across the Waikato region, North Island of New Zealand, have been analysed in conjunction with a range of environmental variables. Faecal contamination of streams and rivers occurs throughout the region and median E. coli concentrations range between 1 and 1,300 cfu/100 mL. At 75% of the sites, the median concentration exceeds the national guideline of 126 cfu/100 mL for contact recreation. The pattern of faecal contamination across the region is strongly influenced by grazing livestock. No strong correlation is apparent between median E. coli and point sources; this is attributed to a relatively low number of consented discharges that can cause faecal contamination. The amount of poorly drained soil within a watershed explains a relatively large proportion of the variation in streamwater faecal contamination. Median turbidity is a relatively strong correlate of median E. coli across the region and may be a useful surrogate variable for E. coli at a given site. A statistical model to determine median E. coli concentrations as a function of environmental factors exp lains c. 70% of the observed variance.
Prefabricated resin veneer: A case report of a simplified restorative technique

Background: the aim of the study was to describe the step-by-step of clinical cases using prefabricated composite resin veneers (PCRVs), manufactured with the composite Brilliant New Generation (Coltene, Altstätten, Switzerland). Direct composite veneers presented some drawback as the difficult of execution and color instability of the composite over the time. The simplified application of the PCRVs presented as an interesting alternative in cases of smile asymmetry, large deficient restorations and discolored tooth. In the present investigation, the complete description of the PCRVs technique can help the dentist during the planning and execution of treatments with the Componeer system. Conclusion: the treatment with Componeer Brilliant NG showed excellent aesthetic results. PCRVs technique is simpler than direct composite veneers. The specific characteristics of the system can promote results with greater aesthetic longevity. It is important to highlight that this procedure does not replace the already established veneer technique with dental ceramics. Clinical implication: PCRVs presented an excellent surface gloss. Their dimensions based on the golden ratio facilitate the technique and turns as an excellent alternative in the aesthetic restorative treatment in the anterior region.
Reflection of Explicit-Reflective Argumentation Based and Explicit- Reflective Nature of Science Teaching on Prospective Science Teachers’ Written Arguments

DOI: 10.14812/cufej.309431 In this study, it was investigate that the reflection of explicit-reflective nature of science (NOS) teaching and explicit-reflective argumentation based NOS teaching on prospective science teachers’ written arguments about NOS. The reflection of different teaching methods about NOS on prospective science teachers’ written arguments was assessed by using open-ended VNOS-C questionnaire (Lederman, AbdEl-Khalick, Bell, & Schwartz, 2002). Sample of the study was composed of 70 prospective science teachers and two experiment groups. It was tried to bring NOS aspects to prospective science teachers, when first experiment group was enrolled in explicit-reflective argumentation based NOS teaching, other experimental group was participated in explicit-reflective NOS teaching during a semester. These experimental groups was decided to randomly assigned as first and second experimental groups from intact groups at department of science education in a public university. Prospective science teachers’ views about NOS were evaluated by using VNOS-C as before and after implementation. Findings of the study showed that second experimental group participating explicit-reflective teaching about NOS had difficulties in constructing arguments before implementation but they showed development in constructing argument and constructing a low quality of scientific data and evidence after implementation. Another finding of the study showed that when explicitreflective argumentation based NOS teaching experimental group constructed low level of arguments before implementation, most of the participants constructed high level of arguments by using sound evidence and scientific data after implementation. Also, it was seen that a small number of prospective science teachers in this group used weak backing to questions about socially and culturally embedded NOS and creativity NOS aspects. As a result it was found that prospective science teachers get educated via argumentation based NOS teaching constructed more sound arguments about NOS than ones get educated via explicit-reflective based NOS teaching about NOS.
Perspectives from early career researchers on the publication process in ecology - a response to Statzner & Resh (2010)

Summary 1. Two senior ecologists summarised their experience of the scientific publication process (Statzner & Resh, Freshwater Biology, 2010; 55, 2639) to generate discussion, particularly among early career researchers (ECRs). As a group of eight ECRs, we comment on the six trends they described. 2. We generally agree with most of the trends identified by Statzner & Resh (2010), but also highlight a number of divergent perspectives and provide recommendations for change. Trends of particular concern are the use of inappropriate metrics to evaluate research quality (e.g. impact factor) and the salami slicing of papers to increase paper count. We advocate a transparent and comprehensive system for evaluating the research. 3. We stress the importance of impartiality and independence in the peer review process. We therefore suggest implementation of double-blind review and quality control measures for reviewers and possibly editors. Besides such structural changes, editors should be confident to overrule biased reviewer recommendations, while reviewers should provide helpful reviews but be explicit if a submission does not meet quality standards. Authors should always conduct a thorough literature search and acknowledge historical scientific ideas and methods. Additionally, authors should report low-quality copy editing and reviews to the editors. 4. Both early and late career researchers should jointly implement these recommendations to reverse the negative trends identified by Statzner & Resh (2010). However, more senior scientists will always have to take the lead with respect to structural changes in the publication system given that they occupy the majority of decision-making positions.
Effects of Zirconium Doping Into a Monoclinic Scheelite BiVO4 Crystal on Its Structural, Photocatalytic, and Photoelectrochemical Properties

Effects of zirconium (Zr) doping into BiVO4 powder on its structural properties and photocatalytic activity for O2 evolution were examined. The formation of BiVO4 powder crystallized in a monoclinic scheelite structure (ms-BiVO4) was achieved when the sample was doped with a relatively small amount of Zr. The photocatalytic activity of Zr-doped ms-BiVO4 powder was much higher than that of non-doped ms-BiVO4. However, further doping caused a reduction of photocatalytic activity for O2 evolution due to the occurrence of structural alterations into tetragonal scheelite and tetragonal zircon structures. Similar effects of Zr doping were also observed for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) system based on BiVO4 thin films doped with various amounts of Zr. Thus, Zr doping was confirmed to be effective for improvements of photocatalytic and PEC functions of BiVO4 for water oxidation.
Phenology is a major determinant of tree species range

Global warming is expected to have a major impact on plant distributions, an issue of key importance in biological conservation. However, very few models are able to predict species distribution accurately, although we know species respond individually to climate change. Here we show, using a process-based model (PHENOFIT), that tree species distributions can be predicted precisely if the biological processes of survival and reproductive success only are incorporated as a function of phenology. These predictions showed great predictive power when tested against present distributions of two North American species – quaking aspen and sugar maple – indicating that on a broad scale, the fundamental niche of trees coincides with their realized niche. Phenology is shown here to be a major determinant of plant species range and should therefore be used to assess the consequences of global warming on plant distributions, and the spread of alien plant species.
Interactive effects of sex and body size on the movement ecology of adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)

Animal movement occurs as a function of many factors including changing environmental conditions (e.g., seasonality) and the internal state (e.g., phenotypic traits) of the focal organism. Identifying how these factors interact can reveal behavioral patterns that would otherwise go undiscovered. Given a large sample size of individuals (n = 187), we used acoustic biotelemetry to examine the spatial ecology of adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley, 1859)) in a large hydropower reservoir in British Columbia, Canada. Dependent variables, including home-range size and lateral movement, were analysed as a function of interactive relationships among seasons (over a 2-year period) and phenotypic traits. Mixed models indicated relationships between home-range size and season, whereas variation in lateral movement was explained by month and a two-way interaction between sex and body size. Large females (765 mm total length) were estimated to move laterally up to five times greater than females half.
Square-Root Unscented Information Filter and Its Application in SINS/DVL Integrated Navigation

To address the problem of low accuracy for the regular filter algorithm in SINS/DVL integrated navigation, a square-root unscented information filter (SR-UIF) is presented in this paper. The proposed method: (1) adopts the state probability approximation instead of the Taylor model linearization in EKF algorithm to improve the accuracy of filtering estimation; (2) selects the most suitable parameter form at each filtering stage to simply the calculation complexity; (3) transforms the square root to ensure the symmetry and positive definiteness of the covariance matrix or information matrix, and then to enhance the stability of the filter. The simulation results indicate that the estimation accuracy of SR-UIF is higher than that of EKF, and similar to UKF; meanwhile the computational complexity of SR-UIF is lower than that of UKF.
Mobility and Congestion in Urban India

We develop a methodology to estimate robust city-level vehicular speed indices, exactly decomposable into uncongested speed and congestion. We apply it to 180 Indian cities using 57 million simulated trips measured by a web mapping service. We verify the reliability of our simulated trips using a number of alternative data sources, including data on actual trips. We find wide variation in speed across cities that is driven more by differences in uncongested speed than congestion. Denser and more populated cities are slower, only in part because of congestion. Urban economic development is correlated with faster speed despite worse congestion. (JEL O15, O18, R23, R41)
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX GENES AND PARASITES IN CYPRINID FISH

In this paper, I reviewed current knowledge on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in fish, specifically focusing on the MHC IIB class in cyprinid species. The general hypotheses on the origin of MHC genes and the mechanisms maintaining the polymorphism of these genes are presented and exemplified by studies performed on fish. Among them, parasite-mediated selection (balancing selection) and reproductive mechanisms based on mating preferences are the most often cited mechanisms maintaining the extensive MHC polymorphism in fish. In fish, MHC polymorphism in populations is driven by parasites through overdominant selection or frequency-dependent selection. However, the intermediate number of MHC alleles was documented at the individual level associated with the lowest parasite load. A trade-off between investing in MHC and other components of life maintenance has been hypothesized and documented by inter-species (comparative analyses) and within-species studies. Sexual selection acts in the evolution of MHC polymorphism, where good or compatible genes of the male are generally selected by the female through mating preference. A mating preference for MHC genes has been documented in several fish species and it seems that the MHC diversity of the potential mating partner is evaluated by the olfactory system.
Low but contrasting neutral genetic differentiation shaped by winter temperature in European great tits

Gene flow is usually thought to reduce genetic divergence and impede local adaptation by homogenising gene pools between populations. However, evidence for local adaptation and phenotypic differentiation in highly mobile species, experiencing high levels of gene flow, is emerging. Assessing population genetic structure at different spatial scales is thus a crucial step towards understanding mechanisms underlying intraspecific differentiation and diversification. Here, we studied the population genetic structure of a highly mobile species – the great tit Parus major – at different spatial scales. We analysed 884 individuals from 30 sites across Europe including 10 close-by sites (< 50 km), using 22 microsatellite markers. Overall we found a low but significant genetic differentiation among sites (FST = 0.008). Genetic differentiation was higher, and genetic diversity lower, in south-western Europe. These regional differences were statistically best explained by winter temperature. Overall, our results suggest that great tits form a single patchy metapopulation across Europe, in which genetic differentiation is independent of geographical distance and gene flow may be regulated by environmental factors via movements related to winter severity. This might have important implications for the evolutionary trajectories of sub-populations, especially in the context of climate change, and calls for future investigations of local differences in costs and benefits of philopatry at large scales.
Endangered river fish: factors hindering conservation and restoration

Globally, riverine fish face many anthropogenic threats including riparian and flood plain habitat degradation, altered hydrology, migration barriers, fisheries exploitation, environ- mental (climate) change, and introduction of invasive species. Collectively, these threats have made riverine fishes some of the most threatened taxa on the planet. Although much effort has been devoted to identifying the threats faced by river fish, there has been less effort devoted to identifying the factors that may hinder our ability to conserve and restore river fish populations and their watersheds. Therefore, we focus our efforts on identifying and discussing 10 general factors (can also be viewed as research and implementation needs) that constrain or hinder effective con- servation action for endangered river fish: (1) limited basic natural history information; (2) limited appreciation for the scale/extent of migrations and the level of connectivity needed to sustain pop- ulations; (3) limited understanding of fish/river-flow relationships; (4) limited understanding of the seasonal aspects of river fish biology, particularly during winter and/or wet seasons; (5) challenges in predicting the response of river fish and river ecosystems to both environmental change and var- ious restoration or management actions; (6) limited understanding of the ecosystem services pro- vided by river fish; (7) the inherent difficulty in studying river fish; (8) limited understanding of the human dimension of river fish conservation and management; (9) limitations of single species ap- proaches that often fail to address the broader-scale problems; and (10) limited effectiveness of governance structures that address endangered river fish populations and rivers that cross multiple jurisdictions. We suggest that these issues may need to be addressed to help protect, re- store, or conserve river fish globally, particularly those that are endangered.
Mental models and reasoning

The theory of mental models has a long history going back to the logic diagrams of C. S. Peirce in the nineteenth century. But it was the psychologist and physiologist Kenneth Craik who first introduced mental models into psychology. Individuals build a model of the world in their minds, so that they can simulate future events and thereby make prescient decisions (Craik, 1943). But reasoning, he thought, depends on verbal rules. He died tragically young, and had no chance to test these ideas. The current “model” theory began with the hypothesis that reasoning too depends on simulations using mental models (Johnson-Laird, 1980). Reasoning is a systematic process that starts with semantic information in a set of premises, and transfers it to a conclusion. Semantic information increases with the number of possibilities that an assertion eliminates, and so it is inversely related to an assertion’s probability ( JohnsonLaird, 1983, Ch. 2; Adams, 1998). And semantic information yields a taxonomy of reasoning. Deductions do not increase semantic information even if they concern probabilities, but inductions do increase it. Simple inductions, such as generalizations, rule out more possibilities than the premises do. Abductions, which are a special case of induction, introduce concepts that are not in the premises in order to create explanations (see Koslowski, this volume). The present chapter illustrates how the model theory elucidates these three major sorts of reasoning: deduction, abduction, and induction. Deductions yield valid inferences in which true premises are bound to yield true conclusions. Psychologists sometimes suggest that deductions play less of a role in daily life than probabilities. However, the maintenance of consistent beliefs is necessary for sensible decisions, because if beliefs are inconsistent then at least one of them is false, and to act on a false belief is a recipe for disaster (see Collins & Hahn, this volume). To test consistency, however, is to use a deductive procedure. Indeed, some systems of logic work on the principle that a deduction is valid because its premises are inconsistent with the denial of its conclusion ( Jeffrey, 1981). And deductions can be about uncertainties, possibilities, and probabilities. So they are crucial in everyday life. Abductions of explanations serve diverse purposes. They can resolve inconsistencies. You know that your friends have gone shopping, and that if so they’ll be back in fifteen minutes. When they haven’t returned in two hours, you worry. You inferred their imminent return, and their absence conflicts with your conclusion. In orthodox logic, you don’t have to withdraw 19 MENTAL MODELS AND REASONING