Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Flow Reduction Influences the Intracranial Aneurysm Occlusion: A Prospective 4D Phase-Contrast MRI Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flow-diverter stents are widely used for the treatment of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms. Various parameters may influence intracranial aneurysm thrombosis, including the flow reduction induced by flow-diverter stent implantation, which is assumed to play a leading role. However, its actual impact remains unclear due to the lack of detailed intra-aneurysmal flow measurements. This study aimed to clarify this relationship by quantitatively measuring the intra-aneurysmal flow using 4D phase-contrast MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We acquired prospective pre- and post-stent implantation 4D phase-contrast MR imaging data of a consecutive series of 23 patients treated with flow-diverter stents. Velocity field data were combined with the intraprocedural 3D angiogram vessel geometries for precise intracranial aneurysm extraction and partial volume correction. Intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic modifications were compared with occlusion outcomes at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: The averaged velocities at systole were lower after flow-diverter stent implantation for all patients and ranged from 21.7 ± 7.1 cm/s before to 7.2 ± 2.9 cm/s after stent placement. The velocity reduction was more important for the group of patients with aneurysm thrombosis at 6 months (68.8%) and decreased gradually from 66.2% to 55% for 12-month thrombosis and no thrombosis, respectively (P = .08). CONCLUSIONS: We propose an innovative approach to measure intracranial flow changes after flow-diverter stent implantation. We identified a trend between flow reduction and thrombosis outcome that brings a new insight into current understanding of the flow-diversion treatment response.
Simulated Multi-Angular Microwave Radiation of Montainous Area

The relief of land surface will bring error into the retrieval of land surface parameters, e.g. soil moisture, snow water equivalent, etc., using passive microwave remote sensing, especially in mountainous areas. However, until recently, the topography effects on the microwave radiation of mountainous areas didn’t arouse widely concern. Based on the simulation scheme of former researches, we simulated the microwave radiation of a 40 km by 40 km square pixel, of which the surface temperature and soil moisture were inhomogeneous. The simulated brightness temperature shows noticeable angler dependence with respect to both the azimuth and elevation angle.
Influence of Running Phases on the Postural Balance of Modern Pentathlon Athletes in a Laser Run Event

Background: The Laser Run combined event is part of the modern pentathlon, consisting of successive shooting and running phases. The main factor hindering accurate and fast shooting is the increasing fatigue caused by running effort. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the running phases on the postural balance in the shooting position of pentathletes in a Laser Run event. Methods: 25 modern pentathletes (18.6 ± 1.7 years), members of the Polish Association of Modern Pentathlon, completed a Laser Run event. During each shooting series, a Zebris dynamometric platform recorded the displacement of the centre of pressure (COP). Results: Significant changes in the average velocity of the COP (F = 3.43; p = 0.0223) and the width of the ellipse of the COP shifts area WoE (F = 3.30; p = 0.0259) between the first and the second shooting series were observed. The average velocity of the COP in series I was 72.6 m/s and increased to 84.3 m/s in series II. In turn, the average width of the ellipse of the COP in series I reached 29.1 mm and in series II, 34.1 mm. Conclusions: The fatigue caused by the running phases in the Laser Run affects the stability of the shooting position of pentathletes. Disturbances that occur after the first running phase are maintained at the same level during the subsequent shooting series. The fatigue level does not affect the magnitude of the disturbances of the postural balance in the shooting position.
Specific Functional Connectivity Patterns of Middle Temporal Gyrus Subregions in Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

As one of the key regions in the “social brain” network, the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) has been widely reported to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but there have been contradictory results in terms of whether it shows hyperconnectivity or hypoconnectivity. Delineating roles of MTG at the subregional level may eliminate the observed inconsistencies and provide a new avenue to reveal the neurophysiologic mechanism of ASD. Thus, we first performed connectivity‐based parcellation using the BrainMap database to identify fine‐grained functional topography of the MTG. Then, the MTG subregions were used to investigate differences in the functional connectivity in children and adults with ASD using two data sets from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. Four distinct subregions in the human left and right MTG were identified, including the anterior MTG (aMTG), middle‐anterior MTG (maMTG), middle‐posterior MTG, and posterior MTG (pMTG). The bilateral pMTG was more vulnerable in both children and adults with ASD than in the typically developing (TD) group, mainly showing hypoconnectivity with different brain regions. In addition, the bilateral aMTG and right maMTG also showed altered functional connectivity in adults with ASD compared to the TD group. Moreover, all these altered MTG subregions were mainly associated with social cognition and language, as revealed by functional characterization. Further correlation analyses also showed trends of association between altered connectivity of the left aMTG and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores in adults with ASD. Together, these results suggest a potential objective way to explore sub‐regional differences associated with such disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 410–422. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased levels of urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein after switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide: a prospective observational study

A single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted between September 2016 and August 2018 in 33 HIV-positive Japanese patients who switched antiretroviral drug regimens from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). The study assessed changes in urinary levels of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) after switching from TDF to TAF and determined the potential of renal parameters to predict improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Median urinary levels of L-FABP were found to be 2.0, 1.4, and 1.3 µg/g creatinine before, at 6 months, and at 12 months after switching to TAF, respectively. The urinary levels of L-FABP, β2 microglobulin (β2MG), and eGFR and the protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) were not significantly related to the annual change in eGFR after switching from TDF to TAF. Our results demonstrate a significant decrease in urinary levels of L-FABP after switching from TDF to TAF. However, neither urinary L-FABP, β2MG, PCR, nor eGFR predicted the annual change in eGFR after the change in medication.
Alu‐mediated Xq24 deletion encompassing CUL4B, LAMP2, ATP1B4, TMEM255A, and ZBTB33 genes causes Danon disease in a female patient

Cullin 4B (CUL4B), lysosomal‐associated membrane protein Type 2 (LAMP2), ATP1B4, TMEM255A, and ZBTB33 are neighboring genes on Xq24. Mutations in CUL4B result in Cabezas syndrome (CS). Male CS patients present with dysmorphic, neuropsychiatric, genitourinary, and endocrine abnormalities. Heterozygous CS females are clinically asymptomatic. LAMP2 mutations cause Danon disease (DD). Cardiomyopathy is a dominant feature of DD present in both males and heterozygous females. No monogenic phenotypes have been associated with mutations in ATP1B4, TMEM255A, and ZBTB33 genes. To facilitate diagnostics and counseling in CS and DD families, we present a female DD patient with a de novo Alu‐mediated Xq24 rearrangement causing a deletion encompassing CUL4B, LAMP2, and also the other three neighboring genes. Typical to females heterozygous for CUL4B mutations, the patient was CS asymptomatic, however, presented with extremely skewed X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI) ratios in peripheral white blood cells. As a result of the likely selection against CUL4B deficient clones, only minimal populations (~3%) of LAMP2 deficient leukocytes were identified by flow cytometry. On the contrary, myocardial LAMP2 protein expression suggested random XCI. We demonstrate that contiguous CUL4B and LAMP2 loss‐of‐function copy number variations occur and speculate that male patients carrying similar defects could present with features of both CS and DD.
Impact of Prior Bevacizumab Treatment on VEGF-A and PlGF Levels and Outcome Following Second-Line Aflibercept Treatment: Biomarker Post Hoc Analysis of the VELOUR Trial

Purpose: Aflibercept is a targeted anti-VEGF therapy used to treat patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) following progression on oxaliplatin-based regimens. This post hoc study evaluated the effect of prior bevacizumab treatment and growth factor levels on patient outcomes associated with aflibercept in the VELOUR phase III trial. Experimental Design: Baseline biomarker plasma concentrations were measured using a bead-based multiplex assay. Patients were grouped according to prior bevacizumab treatment, second‐line treatment, and serum biomarker concentrations, and analyzed for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Plasma samples were available for 553 patients (placebo n = 265; aflibercept n = 288), of which 169 had received prior bevacizumab. Nine biomarkers implicated in angiogenesis or bevacizumab resistance correlated with prior bevacizumab therapy. VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF) were the most significantly increased in patients who had received prior bevacizumab compared with those who had not received prior bevacizumab. In the placebo group, patients with high VEGF-A (>144 pg/mL) levels at baseline had worse OS and PFS compared with patients with lower levels at baseline (9.6 vs. 12.9 months). This was also seen in patients who received placebo and had high baseline PlGF (>8 pg/mL; 9.7 vs. 11.7 months). In the aflibercept group, prolonged OS and PFS were observed regardless of baseline VEGF-A or PlGF levels. Conclusions: High VEGF-A and PlGF serum levels may underlie development of resistance to bevacizumab in patients with mCRC. Aflibercept retains its activity regardless of baseline VEGF-A and PlGF levels and may be an effective second-line treatment for patients with bevacizumab-induced resistance.
Foot accelerations are larger than tibia accelerations during sprinting when measured with inertial measurement units

ABSTRACT Accelerometers are often placed on the tibia to measure segmental accelerations, and external mechanical load during running. However, in applied sport settings it is sometimes preferable to place accelerometers on the dorsal foot to avoid tibial impact injuries. This study aimed to quantify the differences in accelerations measured at the dorsal foot compared with the distal tibia during running. Sixteen recreationally active participants performed a sprint protocol on a non-motorised treadmill. Accelerometers were positioned bilaterally on the medial tibia (TIBLeft and TIBRight), and bilateral dorsal foot surfaces (DORLeft and DORRight). Continuous acceleration signal waveform analysis was performed using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (1DSPM). Resultant accelerations were greater for DORLeft than TIBLeft for 60% of the gait cycle (p < 0.001) and greater for DORRight than TIBRight for 50% of the gait cycle (p < 0.003). The larger accelerations at the dorsal foot than the tibia can be explained by movement at the ankle joint, and the placement location relative to the hip. The dorsal foot location can be used to effectively measure accelerations and external mechanical load when it is not feasible to place the accelerometer on the tibia, however results between the two locations should not be compared.
Real-time monitoring and regulating auditory cortex alpha activity in patients with chronic tinnitus

Objective. Low levels of alpha activity (8–13Hz) mirror a state of enhanced responsiveness, whereas high levels of alpha are a state of reduced responsiveness. Tinnitus is accompanied by reduction of alpha activity in the perisylvian regions compared to normal hearing controls. This reduction might be a key mechanism in the chain of reactions leading to tinnitus. We devised a novel spatial filter as an on-line source monitoring method, which can be used to control alpha activity in the primary auditory cortex. In addition, we designed an innovative experimental procedure to enable suppression of visual and somatosensory alpha, facilitating auditory alpha control during alpha neurofeedback. Approach. An amplitude-modulated auditory stimulation with 40 Hz modulation frequency and 1000 Hz carrier frequency specifically activates the primary auditory cortex. The topography of 40 Hz oscillation depicts the activity of the auditory cortices. We used this map as a spatial filter, which passes the activity originating from the auditory cortex. To suppress superposition of auditory alpha by somatosensory and visual alpha, we used a continuous tactile jaw-stimulation and visual stimulation protocol to suppress somatosensory alpha of regions adjacent to the auditory cortex and visual alpha for local regulation of auditory alpha activity only. Main results. This novel spatial filter for online detection of auditory alpha activity and the usage of multi-sensory stimulation facilitate the appearance of alpha activity from the auditory cortex at the sensor level. Significance. The proposed procedure can be used in an EEG-neurofeedback-treatment approach allowing online auditory alpha self-regulation training in patients with chronic tinnitus.
Logic Petri Net Synthesis for Cooperative Systems

Logic Petri Nets (LPNs) is a high-level Petri net, which have the capability to model the batch and indeterminate processing of resources in cooperative systems. Their modeling capability is equivalent to that of inhibition Petri nets (IPNs) but the former maintains simpler net structures. This paper presents a systematic LPN synthesis approach for cooperative systems. First, a normal/logic transition with its connected places is treated as a basic design module. Then, we synthesize the basic design modules firstly to construct LPN models by connecting with shared resource places. Finally, some control strategies are designed to guarantee the resulting LPNs with desirable properties such as boundedness, liveness, and reversibility. An example for constructing an E-commerce system is proposed to illustrate the proposed approach. The paper is of significance in the sense that it provides industrial engineers and academic researchers a methodology of applying LPNs to modeling and analysis of cooperative systems.
Measuring Coping Among Family Members with Substance-Misusing Relatives: Testing Competing Factor Structures of the Coping Questionnaire (CQ) in England and Italy

Abstract Background: The Coping Questionnaire measures affected family members’ responses to their relatives’ substance misuse related problems. The Coping Questionnaire examines three main coping strategies: engaged, tolerant-inactive, and withdrawal coping. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to compare competing conceptual measurement models across two countries, including one-factor, three-factor, and higher order factor models. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from five previous studies was conducted. Samples of affected family members from England (N = 323) and Italy (N = 165) were aggregated into two country specific groups. Series of confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the degree of model fit and the effects of socio-demographic variables on the coping factors. Results: A bifactor model fitted the data most closely relative to the one- and three-factor models. High rates of common variance (60–65%) were attributable to the general coping factor, while a high proportion of the variance related to the withdrawal coping subscale score was independent (66–89%) of the general coping factor. Family members’ country, age, gender, the type of relationship and the main problematic substance had significant effects on the coping factors. Conclusions: A bifactor model related to coping behaviors is consistent with the theoretical assumptions of the general coping literature. The concept of a general coping factor also fits the theoretical assumptions of the stress-strain-coping-support model, with family members showing a general tendency to cope with the harmful circumstances which arise due to substance misuse.
Deep Convolutional Networks for Cloud Detection Using Resourcesat-2 Data

Cloud cover creates obstruction in Earth Observation studies. The obstruction is harder to distinguish from features having similar reflectance on the ground, such as snow. To distinguish clouds from snow in a VNIR image, we use an additional SWIR band. The images were fed into a deep Fully Convolutional Network that can fuse the multiresolution SWIR and VNIR bands together, in order to produce pixelwise classification. The accuracy obtained by the model on the test image was 93.35%. We compare the performance of this model with a more commonly used technique, Random Forests. To analyze the effect of SWIR, we use another deep learning model, trained only on the VNIR image, and compare the accuracies obtained.
To study correlation of foot length and gestational age of new born by new Ballard score

Background: It is important to know an infant’s gestational age because its behaviour and anticipated problems can be predicted on this basis. It is also important for prediction of morbidity, mortality and further management. Methods: Study was done for two years.254 newborns delivered at MYH hospital and admitted in MYH and CNBC nursery were studied. Their gestational age ranged from 27 to 42 weeks. Results: Gestational age and foot length also showed a positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Both AGA and SGA babies showed positive correlation of gestational age with foot length with correlation coefficient of 0.99 and 0.99 respectively. Conclusions: Foot length of 73.7 mm can be used as a cut- off point for differentiating between term and preterm babies. Foot length measurements can be easily used by peripheral health workers to differentiate between term and preterm babies. They can be used at remote places by peripheral health workers.
Suppression of Superoxide-Hydrogen Peroxide Production at Site IQ of Mitochondrial Complex I Attenuates Myocardial Stunning and Improves Postcardiac Arrest Outcomes

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: Cardiogenic shock following cardiopulmonary resuscitation for sudden cardiac arrest is common, occurring even in the absence of acute coronary artery occlusion, and contributes to high rates of postcardiopulmonary resuscitation mortality. The pathophysiology of this shock is unclear, and effective therapies for improving clinical outcomes are lacking. Design: Laboratory investigation. Setting: University laboratory. Subjects: C57BL/6 adult female mice. Interventions: Anesthetized and ventilated adult female C57BL/6 wild-type mice underwent a 4, 8, 12, or 16-minute potassium chloride-induced cardiac arrest followed by 90 seconds of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mice were then blindly randomized to a single IV injection of vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) or suppressor of site IQ electron leak, an inhibitor of superoxide production by complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Suppressor of site IQ electron leak and vehicle were administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Measurements and Main Results: Using a murine model of asystolic cardiac arrest, we discovered that duration of cardiac arrest prior to cardiopulmonary resuscitation determined postresuscitation success rates, degree of neurologic injury, and severity of myocardial dysfunction. Post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation cardiac dysfunction was not associated with myocardial necrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, or mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Furthermore, left ventricular function recovered within 72 hours of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, indicative of myocardial stunning. Postcardiopulmonary resuscitation, the myocardium exhibited increased reactive oxygen species and evidence of mitochondrial injury, specifically reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species generation at electron transport chain complex I. Suppressor of site IQ electron leak, which inhibits complex I-dependent reactive oxygen species generation by suppression of site IQ electron leak, decreased myocardial reactive oxygen species generation and improved postcardiopulmonary resuscitation myocardial function, neurologic outcomes, and survival. Conclusions: The severity of cardiogenic shock following asystolic cardiac arrest is dependent on the length of cardiac arrest prior to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and is mediated by myocardial stunning resulting from mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I dysfunction. A novel pharmacologic agent targeting this mechanism, suppressor of site IQ electron leak, represents a potential, practical therapy for improving sudden cardiac arrest resuscitation outcomes.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pharmacokinetic Variability of Small Molecule Targeted Cancer Therapy

Pharmacokinetic (PK) variability in cancer clinical trials may be due to heterogeneous populations and identifying sources of variability is important. Use of healthy subjects in clinical pharmacology studies together with detailed knowledge of the characteristics of patients with cancer can allow for quick identification and quantification of factors affecting PK variability. PK data and sources of variability of 40 marketed molecularly targeted oncology therapeutics were compiled from regulatory approval documents covering an 18‐year period (1999–2017). Variability in PK parameters was compared and contributors to variability were identified. The results show that PK variability was ~ 16% higher for peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration time curve (AUC) in patients with cancer compared with healthy subjects. Several factors were identified as major contributors to variability including hepatic/renal impairment and cytochrome P450 inhibition/induction. Lower PK variability in healthy subjects may represent an opportunity to perform rapid and robust pharmacological and PK assessments to inform subsequent studies in the development of new cancer therapies.
Evaluation of Reinforced Slope Dynamics Using ALOS-2/PALSAR-2

Reinforced slope dynamics can be studied using the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscattering analysis. This study provides the results of the InSAR analysis obtained from the reinforced slope monitoring by ALOS-2/PALSAR- 2. The vertical displacement values from the GEONET and the Line-of-Sight InSAR analysis have been compared. Correct InSAR image pair selection is of primary importance if the Line-of-Sight image error to be reduced. Recurrent field surveys are necessary to find the link between the InSAR analysis results and the reinforced slope dynamics.