Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN REDDENING, GAS COVERING FRACTION, AND THE ESCAPE OF IONIZING RADIATION AT HIGH REDSHIFT

Using a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies, we establish an empirical relationship between reddening ( ), neutral gas covering fraction ( ), and the escape of ionizing (Lyman continuum, LyC) photons. Our sample includes 933 galaxies at of which have deep spectroscopic observations ( hr) at Å with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph on Keck. The high covering fraction of outflowing optically thick indicated by the composite spectra of these galaxies implies that photoelectric absorption, rather than dust attenuation, dominates the depletion of LyC photons. By modeling the composite spectra as the combination of an unattenuated stellar spectrum including nebular continuum emission with one that is absorbed by and reddened by a line-of-sight extinction, we derive an empirical relationship between and . Galaxies with redder UV continua have larger covering fractions of characterized by higher line-of-sight extinctions. We develop a model which connects the ionizing escape fraction with , and which may be used to estimate the ionizing escape fraction for an ensemble of galaxies. Alternatively, direct measurements of the escape fraction for our sample allow us to constrain the intrinsic LyC-to-UV flux density ratio to be , a value that favors stellar population models that include weaker stellar winds, a flatter initial mass function, and/or binary evolution. Last, we demonstrate how the framework discussed here may be used to assess the pathways by which ionizing radiation escapes from high-redshift galaxies.
Estradiol Treatment Increases Viability of Glioma and Neuroblastoma Cells in Vitro


The present study provides evidence that 17-beta-estradiol (E2) exerts cytoprotective effects on both glial and neuronal cell lines. In C6 rat glioma cells, the addition of E2 to serum free media enhances live cell number by 40% at 24 h and 75% at 96 h when compared to serum free media conditions. E2 treatment of C6 cells in serum free medium did not increase thymidine uptake at any sampling time, indicating that the observed effect of E2 on C6 cell number was not due to a mitogenic effect of the steroid hormone. The addition of E2 to SK-N-SH cells in serum free media maintained both total and live cell number at a level comparable to the fetal bovine serum (FBS) treated cells at both 24 and 48 h. At 96 h after treatment with E2, total and live cell numbers were diminished relative to the 48-h sample and the 96-h FBS group, but were still more than twice the number observed in serum free media. Associated with the reduced effects of E2 at 96 h was an increase in the ratio of dead to total cells, although it remained about 50% less than the serum free group. Through 48 h, E2 exposure did not increase thymidine uptake in SK-N-SH cells, indicating that the effect of E2 on SK-N-SH cells was cytoprotective rather than mitogenic. Collectively, these data support a cytoprotective action of E2 on neuronal or glial cell types in vitro.
A table masking countermeasure for low-energy secure embedded systems

Future wireless embedded devices will be increasingly powerful, supporting many more applications, including one of the most crucial, which is security. Although many embedded devices offer more resistance to bus probing attacks due to their compact size, susceptibility to power or electromagnetic analysis attacks must be analyzed. This paper presents a table masking countermeasure to resist differential power analysis (DPA) and differential electromagnetic analysis (DEMA). Real power and EM measurements are used to verify the countermeasure using second- and third-order DPA and DEMA attacks on a popular low-energy embedded ARM processor. Results show that the new table masking countermeasure provides increased security without large overheads of energy dissipation compared with previous countermeasures. With the emergence of security applications personal digital assistants, cellphones, and other embedded devices, low-energy countermeasures for resistance to DPA/DEMA are crucial for supporting future wireless embedded systems
Parents of schizophrenics, neurotics, and normals.

Introduction and Purpose Theories concerning the etiology of schizophrenia which emphasize the importance of past socialization experiences usually assign a high degree of direct or indirect significance to parental behavior. That is, most theories which link schizophrenia with the pattern of the patient’s upbringing usually assume that the pattern reflects how his parents dealt with him. It is presumed that the schizophrenic is somehow a product of disturbed and pathological behavior on the part of his parents. Basic to this viewpoint is the idea that parents of schizophrenics are more disorganized and less well adjusted than parents of normals and therefore more likely to expose their children to pathology-producing experiences. Despite the importance of this proposition to the functional approach to schizophrenia, it has not been carefully investigated. One does find studies in the literature 7-10,12,13 concerned with evaluating the validity of the proposition. However, most
Overview of chronic myeloid leukemia patients in Pakistan in the pre-imatanib era.

OBJECTIVE To study the patient characteristics of patients diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) at a tertiary care cancer hospital in Pakistan. METHODS AND MATERIALS A retrospective analysis was conducted on CML patients treated between 1996 and 2004 at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center. RESULTS A total of 461 CML patient charts were reviewed. The mean and median ages at presentation were much younger than in the prior reports in the western literature with a quicker progression of disease. CONCLUSION The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors will likely have more impact on the lifespan of CML patients in Pakistan when compared with patients in the western hemisphere due to younger age at diagnosis.
SMOKING INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN SERUM AND NEUTROPHIL OF THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Cigarette smoking has been implicated as a significant risk factor for the establishment and progression of several diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking in serum as well as in neutrophil oxidative damage and antioxidant status. Subjects were randomly chosen from male university students (22-25 years) in a rural community in the District of Midnapore, West Bengal, India. To understand status of oxidative damage, we measured the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA), activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. The MDA level and the LDH activity in serum and neutrophil were higher in smokers than the non-smokers. The activities of CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and the level of GSH were significantly lower in smokers in comparison to the non-smokers in both serum and neutrophil. These findings may suggest that, students with a short smoking history have evidence of oxidative stress and an impaired oxidant defense system. Alterations observed in smokers that increased oxidative stress can represent a risk factor for the development of chronic disease in earlier future.
WikiPathways: capturing the full diversity of pathway knowledge

WikiPathways (http://www.wikipathways.org) is an open, collaborative platform for capturing and disseminating models of biological pathways for data visualization and analysis. Since our last NAR update, 4 years ago, WikiPathways has experienced massive growth in content, which continues to be contributed by hundreds of individuals each year. New aspects of the diversity and depth of the collected pathways are described from the perspective of researchers interested in using pathway information in their studies. We provide updates on extensions and services to support pathway analysis and visualization via popular standalone tools, i.e. PathVisio and Cytoscape, web applications and common programming environments. We introduce the Quick Edit feature for pathway authors and curators, in addition to new means of publishing pathways and maintaining custom pathway collections to serve specific research topics and communities. In addition to the latest milestones in our pathway collection and curation effort, we also highlight the latest means to access the content as publishable figures, as standard data files, and as linked data, including bulk and programmatic access.
Active packaged lamb with oxygen scavenger/carbon dioxide emitter sachet: physical-chemical and microbiological stability during refrigerated storage

Lamb meat has been commercialized in Brazil almost exclusively as a frozen product due to the longer shelf life provided by freezing when compared to refrigeration. However, as a result of the current trend of increased demand for convenience products, a need has emerged for further studies to facilitate the marketing of refrigerated lamb cuts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of active packaging technology in extending the shelf life of lamb loins (Longissimus lumborum) stored under refrigeration (1±1 ° C) when compared to the traditional vacuum packaging. For this purpose, two kinds of sachets were employed: oxygen scavenger sachet and oxygen scavenger/carbon dioxide emitter sachet. Experiments were conducted in three treatments: 1) Vacuum (Control), 2) Vacuum + oxygen scavenger sachet and 3) Vacuum + oxygen scavenger/carbon dioxide emitter sachet. Microbiological (counts of anaerobic psychrotrophs, coliform at 45 ° C, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Salmonella and lactic acid bacteria) and physical-chemical (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, objective color, pH value, water loss from cooking and shear force) analyses were carried out weekly for a total storage period of 28 days. The experiment was performed three times for all treatments. Results showed that the lamb meat remained stable with respect to the majority of the evaluated physical and chemical indexes and remained within the standards established by Brazilian legislation for pathogenic microorganisms throughout the storage period in all three packaging systems. However, all treatments presented elevated counts of anaerobic psychrotrophic microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria, reaching values above 107 CFU/g at 28 days of storage. Thus, under the conditions tested, neither the oxygen scavenger sachet nor the dual function sachet (oxygen scavenger/carbon dioxide emitter) were able to extend the shelf life of refrigerated lamb loin when added to this meat vacuum packaged.
THE EFFECT OF FOLLICLE AGE ON FERTILITY IN BEEF CATTLE

s 1. Messerschmidt C. A. , Abreu F. M. , Cruppe L. H. , Biehl M. V. , Day M. L. , Pinto C. R. F. , Coutinho da Silva M. A. 2011. Effects of meclofenamic acid on luteal function of beef cattle. Presented at 37th Annual Conference of the IETS 2. Abreu F.M. , Cruppe L.H. , Roberts C.A. , Jinks E.M. , Pohler K.G. , Day M.L. and Geary T.W. 2011. The effect of follicle age on pregnancy rate in beef cows. Proceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science Vol. 62, 2011 3. Abreu F.M. , Cruppe L.H. , Maquivar M. , Utt M.D., Roberts C.A. , Mussard M.L. , Day M.L. and Geary T.W. 2011. Effect of follicle age on conception rate in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1/ pag 253 4. Cruppe L.H. , Souto L.A. , Maquivar M. , Abreu F.M. , Mussard M.L. , Ott T.L. , Pate J.L. and Day M.L. 2011. Effect of length of the preovulatory period on estradiol, progesterone, ISG-15 and Mx2 in cows. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1 / pag 253
Long-term outcomes after D2 gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: survival analysis of a single-center experience in China.

BACKGROUND Early gastric cancer (EGC) is well accepted as having a favorable prognosis, but some patients experience an ominous outcome after curative resection. This study was aimed at evaluating predictive factors associated with prognosis of D2 gastrectomies in patients with early gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 518 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent D2 gastrectomies were reviewed in this study. The clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes were analyzed. The survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The 5-year survival rate was 90.3%. Tumor infiltration, lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion were significant prognostic factors for survival. Gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, macroscopic type and histological type were not significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis was an independent poor prognosis factor. CONCLUSIONS Early gastric cancers with lymph node metastasis have a relatively poor prognosis after standard surgery. Even after curative resection, patients with EGC with positive lymph nodes should be closely followed and be considered as candidates for comprehensive therapies.
Biochemical studies on the mode of action of cytochalasin B. Preparation of (3H)cytochalasin B and studies on its binding of cells.

Abstract Tritium-labeled cytochalasin B of high specific activity (6 Ci per mmole) has been prepared by reduction of cytochalasin A with [3H]NaBH4. The structure of the radioactive product was shown to be identical with that of authentic cytochalasin B by high resolution mass spectrometry, chromatographic analysis, and derivatization. The synthesized compound produced the same effects as authentic cytochalasin B in a number of biological systems. The [3H]cytochalasin B was found to bind rapidly and reversibly to HeLa cells and to bovine blood platelets at both high (10-5 m) and low (10-7 m) drug concentrations. Scatchard plots of binding data indicated that there is a class of high affinity binding sites with dissociation constants of about 10-7 m (about 104 sites per platelet and 106 sites per HeLa cell) and a class of low affinity binding sites with dissociation constants of about 10-5 m. Similar results were obtained with red blood cells and SV40 transformed mouse fibroblasts. Low affinity sites were also found in Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, but high affinity sites were not detected. In comparison, bacterial cells bound relatively low levels of cytochalasin B at all drug concentrations.
Knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) of tuberculosis patients enrolled on treatment in Juba City, South Sudan 2010: a pilot study

Study setting: Juba Teaching Hospital, Juba city, Republic of South Sudan, 2010. Objective: To examine, knowledge, attitude and practices of tuberculosis (TB) patients enrolled on tuberculosis treatment, Juba, South Sudan. Design: Descriptive study Results: Knowledge in TB: Of the 102 patients interviewed; up to 80.4% were not knowledgeable on cause of TB, 52% did not know correct signs and symptoms of TB, 39.2% did not know overall treatment duration, 54.9% did not know the importance of strict adherence to treatment. Knowledge on correct diagnosis was 87.3% and on correct means of TB transmission was 79.4%. Practices and Attitudes: On practices; 94.1% respondents were able to perform at least one task to stop spread of disease, access to free TB test occurred in 100% of cases and for free drugs in 99% cases. Health care workers correctly suspected TB on first contact in 95.1% of cases. Patients were offered health education on drug side effects in 93.1% of cases, on HIV testing and counselling in 74.5% of cases. Disclosure of TB diagnosis by patient to family or community did not occur in 91.2% cases. Family, community and employers offered support to patients in 92.2%, 95.1% and 98% of cases respectively. Conclusion: We found key knowledge gaps among Juba TB patients enrolled on treatment. These knowledge gaps are probably responsible for the high treatment defaulter rates reported in Juba, South Sudan. Tuberculosis patients are still not interested to freely reveal disease diagnosis to members of the family and community at large.
End-to-End Recovery of Human Shape and Pose

We describe Human Mesh Recovery (HMR), an end-to-end framework for reconstructing a full 3D mesh of a human body from a single RGB image. In contrast to most current methods that compute 2D or 3D joint locations, we produce a richer and more useful mesh representation that is parameterized by shape and 3D joint angles. The main objective is to minimize the reprojection loss of keypoints, which allows our model to be trained using in-the-wild images that only have ground truth 2D annotations. However, the reprojection loss alone is highly underconstrained. In this work we address this problem by introducing an adversary trained to tell whether human body shape and pose parameters are real or not using a large database of 3D human meshes. We show that HMR can be trained with and without using any paired 2D-to-3D supervision. We do not rely on intermediate 2D keypoint detections and infer 3D pose and shape parameters directly from image pixels. Our model runs in real-time given a bounding box containing the person. We demonstrate our approach on various images in-the-wild and out-perform previous optimization-based methods that output 3D meshes and show competitive results on tasks such as 3D joint location estimation and part segmentation.
Do clinical and formal assessments of the capacity of patients in the intensive care unit to make decisions agree?

BACKGROUND The complex environment and technology of intensive care unit (ICU) care may impair the ability of patients to participate in medical decision making or give informed consent. We studied the agreement of the intuitive assessments of residents and nurses of ICU patients' cognition, judgment, and decision-making capacity, and whether those assessments agreed with abbreviated formal mental status testing. METHODS Using a prospective survey case study, we assessed 200 English-speaking patients within 24 hours of their ICU admission. Formal assessment of cognition, judgment, and insight was performed by a research assistant. We obtained independent intuitive ratings by nurses and residents of patient cognition, judgment, and ability to participate in medical decision making or give informed consent. RESULTS Residents' and nurses' assessment of cognition and judgment showed a high degree of agreement with weighted ks of greater than 0.76. Assessments of cognition by residents and nurses agreed with Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination in 70% and 73.6% of cases, respectively. Forty percent of the population had an unimpaired Mini-Mental State Examination score of greater than 23, and an additional 12% of the subjects were mildly impaired with scores of 20 to 23. When asked whether they would approach patient or family for consent for an invasive procedure, nurses and physicians said they would request informed consent from 66% and 62% of the patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Residents and nurses caring for patients newly admitted to the ICU agree in their assessment of cognition, judgment, and capacity to participate in medical decision making, and are not unduly influenced by ventilator status. Their assessments correlate highly with abbreviated formal mental status testing.
Reference values for hematology and plasma biochemistry variables, and protein electrophoresis of healthy Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni ssp.).

BACKGROUND Hermann's tortoise, Testudo hermanni, is currently on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list of endangered species. Reptile medicine relies also on laboratory analyses to evaluate health status, but reference ranges for hematology and biochemistry variables and protein electrophoresis in plasma of healthy tortoises are not available. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to establish reference ranges for select hematologic and biochemical variables in clinically healthy Hermann's tortoises, and evaluate the impact of sex and season. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 34 healthy tortoises at the end of September and beginning of July. Blood smears, HCT, concentrations of HGB and select plasma biochemical analytes, select enzyme activities, and plasma protein fractions were evaluated. Reference ranges were determined and checked for influence of sex and sampling time point. RESULTS Typical reptilian RBC and WBC were observed in blood smears. HCT and concentrations of HGB, uric acid and urea, and ALT and AST activities were significantly higher in males than in females. Concentrations of glucose, uric acid, and phosphate, and AST activity were significantly higher at the beginning of July, whereas concentrations of urea and Cl were higher at the end of September prior to hibernation. The electrophoretic protein fractions included albumin, and α, β, and γ globulins. CONCLUSIONS The reference ranges defined in the present study are useful for clinical tortoise medicine and conservation. Sex and seasonal sampling were identified as factors significantly affecting hematology and blood chemistry analytes; they should be taken into consideration when assessing tortoise health status.
Human imaging at 9.4 T using T2*‐, phase‐, and susceptibility‐weighted contrast

The effect of susceptibility differences on an MR image is known to increase with field strength. Magnetic field inhomogeneities within the voxels influence the apparent transverse relaxation time T2*, while effects due to different precession frequencies between voxels caused by local field variations are evident in the image phase, and susceptibility‐weighted imaging highlights the veins and deep brain structures. Here, these three contrast mechanisms are examined at a field strength of 9.4 T. The T2* maps generated allow the identification of white matter structures not visible in conventional images. Phase images with in‐plane resolutions down to 130 μm were obtained, showing high gray/white matter contrast and allowing the identification of internal cortical structures. The susceptibility‐weighted images yield excellent visibility of small venous structures and attain an in‐plane resolution of 175 μm. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.