Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University Commercialization Strategies in the Development of Regional Bioclusters

To analyze university contribution to economic development, the present study examines universities' technology transfer policies and their associated economic development impact. The article examines how a university defines itself as part of a region as well as what activities, if any, do university commercialization strategies in context of their regional environment affect spin-off activity. Furthermore, this study explores the ways universities contribute to regional economic development by examining existing theories and analyzing universities' relationships with both government and industry in two regions. This study draws from Roberts and Malone's (1996) selectivity–support typology and highlights this article's argument by comparing the commercialization strategies of world-class universities strategies in the development of regional biotechnology clusters in Massachusetts and in Connecticut. This article investigates the notion of whether universities can differently influence the economic development processes of the while still having successful commercial outcomes. These findings build on previous research (Clarysse et al., 2005; Degroof and Roberts, 2004; Powers and McDougall, 2005), which argues that low support–low selectivity policies may be more suitable to entrepreneurially developed environments, whereas high support–high selectivity policies are more efficient in entrepreneurially underdeveloped environments. Masachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is located in a strong technopole region, whereby many of its support structures for spin-off formation are provided by the regional infrastructure of the Cambridge–Boston region. In contrast, Yale University, which has an underdeveloped entrepreneurial context, has had to take a more proactive role in providing incubation capabilities to their spin-off projects. This finding supports a contingent based perspective of academic entrepreneurship, whereby low support–low selectivity policies are more fitted to entrepreneurially developed environments, whereas high support–high selectivity policies are more efficient in entrepreneurially underdeveloped environments.
Liquidity in JGB Markets: An Evaluation from Transaction Data

There is no single, widely-accepted definition of "market liquidity" even though the expression "market liquidity is high/low" is frequently used, and measuring market liquidity is not easy. Recognizing these challenges, this paper formulates a set of new liquidity indicators using transaction data of the markets related to Japanese government bonds (JGBs), including futures, cash, and special collateral (SC) repo, thereby examining market liquidity from various angles. Traditional liquidity indicators of the JGB futures market such as the bid-ask spread and the daily price range to transaction volume ratio suggest that liquidity in the JGB market has not declined significantly, even after the expansion of quantitative and qualitative monetary easing (QQE) in October 2014. However, the indicators newly formulated in this paper -- the volume of limit orders at the best-ask price, the impact of a unit volume of transactions on the market price in the JGB futures market, the divergence in quotes offered by dealers in the JGB cash market, and the lending fee of JGBs in the SC repo market -- all suggest that liquidity in the JGB market has been declining since fall 2014. While this may be a temporary phenomenon following the rapid decline in the long-term yield observed after the expansion of QQE as well as the short- and medium-term yields turning negative, it may also reflect other factors such as the massive purchases of JGBs by the Bank of Japan, structural changes in the markets, and regulatory changes. These findings underscore the need to monitor liquidity in the JGB market continuously and from many sides, using various indicators. In addition, it is important to enhance dialogue with market participants, thereby carefully monitoring the market's view on liquidity, which does not show up in the aforementioned indicators.
Agriculture commerciale à Abidjan : le cas des cultures maraîchères

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Neuropsychological outcome following childhood stroke – a review

ABSTRACT Objectives: Childhood stroke is a rare but devastating occurrence. Its infrequency has meant that a clear body of knowledge has not been fully established regarding its impact on neuropsychological outcome. Our aims were (i) to critically review the recent literature on neuropsychological outcome following childhood stroke; (ii) to investigate the factors related to neuropsychological outcome following childhood stroke. Methods: Literature searches were conducted and revealed 39 relevant papers from the period 1999–2015. Results: The review found that a significant number of children experience difficulties in a wide range of neuropsychological domains, with particular vulnerabilities noted in attention, speed of information processing and executive functioning. There were inconsistent findings regarding the correlates of neuropsychological outcome, which is likely due to methodological limitations of the studies. Conclusions: This review strongly indicates that childhood stroke can affect a myriad of neuropsychological domains, with attention, speed of processing and executive function particularly vulnerable. Methodological issues, particularly around heterogeneous samples and measurement difficulties, limit the conclusions that can be drawn regarding the predictors of outcome.
Does Proxy Access Increase Shareholder Wealth? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

The financial crisis of 2008 and the subsequent 2010 Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) led to a revision of shareholder proxy access rules by the SEC in August 2010. Seemingly technical in nature, proxy access -- the right for shareholders to nominate a candidates to a public firm's board of directors -- lies at the heart of shareholder control and has far-reaching consequences in the balance of power between shareholders and managements.We use the repeal of new proxy access rules by the U.S. Court of Appeals as a natural experiment to analyze whether proxy access creates or destroys shareholder value. We finds that the repeal of the proxy access reform resulted in a decline of valuations for firms with plausibly entrenched managements, smaller firms in which investors could have made greater use of enhanced proxy access, and firms in which more investors qualified to make immediate use of greater proxy access. Further, the results indicate that the intended proxy access reform had rather weak effects: there are no valuation changes for large firms, firms that have only few anti-takeover provisions and firms in which no single investor could have made immediate use of greater proxy access. Finally, we find no evidence that the market expected special interest investors (unions and pension funds) to be sufficiently empowered to be able to push through politically motivated, value-destroying policies. We conclude that whenever proxy access was strong enough to affect firm valuations, the market valued proxy access reform positively, leading to an increase in shareholder wealth.
Project Failures Arising from Corporate Entrepreneurship: Impact of Multiple Project Failures on Employees' Accumulated Emotions, Learning, and Motivation

In this paper, we consider an organizational paradox inherent to corporate entrepreneurship; that is, the pursuit of entrepreneurial projects is necessary for organizational rejuvenation, renewal, and/or organic growth; however, the high failure rate of entrepreneurial projects likely has enduring implications for the project team members and, by extension, the organization. Drawing on the psychology and emotion literatures, we model the human capital costs of corporate entrepreneurship arising from the multiple failures of entrepreneurial projects. Specifically, we explore how and with what consequence negative emotions can accumulate across multiple failures; when this accumulation is most likely to occur; and what the nature of this accumulation is across organizational contexts, employee differences, and time. This theorizing complements extant scholarship focused on the financial benefits and costs of corporate entrepreneurship by investigating the negative impact of multiple project failures on employees.
Melatonin induces pro‐apoptotic signaling pathway in human pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC‐1)

Abstract: Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a poor prognosis for long‐term survival rate at all stages of invasiveness. It responds poorly to radio‐ and chemotherapy because the tumor cells are resistant to apoptosis. Melatonin has been reported to inhibit pancreatic cancer growth in experimental studies in animals but the effect of melatonin on cultured human pancreatic carcinoma cells has not been tested. Moreover, we have recently shown that melatonin stimulates production of two major anti‐apoptotic heat shock proteins, HSP27 and HSP 90, in pancreatic carcinoma cells. This study investigated the changes in intrinsic pathway of apoptosis at the mitochondrial level and cascade of caspases in human pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC‐1) cells subjected to melatonin and/or luzindole. Melatonin (10−8–10−12 m), the nonselective melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole (10−8–10−12 m) or a combination of both agents were added to PANC‐1 cell cultures. Cells were harvested, and the cytoplasmic proteins were isolated after 24 and 48 hr of incubation and analyzed employing co‐immunoprecipitation and western blot. Administration of melatonin to the PANC‐1 cells resulted in the stimulation of Bcl‐2/Bax and caspase‐9 proteins levels. The strongest signal of these pro‐apoptotic factors was observed at the low concentration (10−12 m) of melatonin. Pretreatment with luzindole alone and prior to the addition of melatonin reversed the stimulatory effect of this indoloamine on Bcl‐2/Bax and caspase‐9 proteins expression in PANC‐1 cells. This is the first study to demonstrate a pro‐apoptotic effect of low (physiological) concentration of melatonin on the pancreatic carcinoma cells. In conclusion, melatonin induced pro‐apoptotic pathways in human pancreatic carcinoma, probably by interaction with the Mel‐1 A/B receptors.
Consumer Lifestyles and Adoption of High-Technology Products: A Case of South Korea

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify relevant lifestyle factors that affect consumer adoption of technology products. Furthermore, this study attempts to examine the impact of lifestyle factors on perception and adoption of consumer technology products. Using the technology acceptance model as a theoretical framework, the conceptual model depicts the relationships among lifestyles, perceptions, and intention. Two-step structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Results of this study show that consumer lifestyle factors (fashion consciousness, leisure orientation, Internet involvement, and e-shopping preference) are direct and indirect antecedents of consumers’ intention to adopt high-tech products. Findings of this study provide marketers with insights into how knowledge about lifestyle factors can be integrated into marketing and advertising strategies.
Interactive effects of personal and organizational resources on frontline bank employees’ job outcomes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of person-job (P-J) fit on the impact of organizational resources (training and service technology), and a personal resource (customer orientation) on frontline bank employees’ job performance and turnover intentions. Design/methodology/approach – A large-scale survey of 530 frontline employees of a national bank in New Zealand serves as the study setting. Findings – Among others, results show that P-J fit fully mediates the impact of training on turnover intentions and job performance. Research limitations/implications – The cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow causal inferences. Therefore, future studies should adopt longitudinal designs. Practical implications – Management should be careful in planning and providing organizational resources to frontline employees to enhance their perception of P-J fit. Also investing in the recruitment and selection of customer-oriented frontline employees would be a prudent course o.
Willingness to Be Financially Informed and the Benefits of Nudging Investors to Do So

Bhattacharya et al. (2012) shows that many investors are reluctant to accept and follow financial advice. This study analyzes three possibilities which could cause this misbehavior: non-monetary costs, willingness to become informed and comprehensibility of financial information. As so many investors do not accept financial advice, the study further analyzes if it is beneficial to nudge investors to do what is good for them (i.e. a risk profiling task). In order to improve the comprehensibility of financial information, the study further tests if different kinds of investors prefer different kinds of risk description formats. The results show that non-monetary costs and the comprehensibility of financial information are not the reasons why so many investors are reluctant to become informed investors. Moreover, nudging investors to do what is good for them is especially beneficial for investors who are intrinsically insufficiently motivated to become informed and who are financially unexperienced. Last but not least, the data clearly shows that different kinds of investors prefer different kinds of risk description formats.
Development of a Semiquantitative Degenerate Real-Time PCR-Based Assay for Estimation of Numbers of Butyryl-Coenzyme A (CoA) CoA Transferase Genes in Complex Bacterial Samples

ABSTRACT We describe a new degenerate real-time PCR approach to simultaneously quantify phylogenetically different butyrate-producing bacteria based on the detection of butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA) CoA transferase genes. This pathway is present in numerically important groups of butyrate producers within the human colon, and thus this assay estimates the butyrate-producing ability of the microbiota.
The heritability of hemolysis in stored human red blood cells

The transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) with maximum therapeutic efficacy is a major goal in transfusion medicine. One of the criteria used in determining stored RBC quality is end‐of‐storage hemolysis. Between donors, a wide range of hemolysis is observed under identical storage conditions. Here, a potential mechanism for this wide range is investigated. We hypothesize that the magnitude of hemolysis is a heritable trait. Also, we investigated correlations between hemolysis and RBC metabolites; this will establish pathways influencing hemolysis as future targets for genetic analysis.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Childhood Asthma—Time to Use Inflammometry Rather Than Spirometry?

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of the childhood, and the prevalence seems to be increasing (1,2). It is widely recognized that basically asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways, emphasized in the concept that anti-inflammatory therapy provides the first line treatment of the disease (3). However, the diagnosis and follow-up of asthma is still largely based on secondary manifestations such as variable airways obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness or symptoms, rather than on the direct assessment of airway inflammation. The relationship between symptoms, lung function, and actual airway inflammation has been found to be poor, reflecting that conventional measures of asthma, do not accurately predict the underlying airway inflammation (4–7). Whether symptoms and lung function provide the best means for targeting anti-inflammatory therapy in asthma may thus be questioned. Therefore, the need for noninvasive clinical tools assessing asthmatic inflammation have been acknowledged (3,8). Such an ideal ‘‘inflammometer’’ for the diagnosis and follow-up of asthma should reliably reflect the inflammatory process in asthma, be noninvasive, reproducible, and practical for clinical purposes. Hopefully, this tool would be also more sensitive than the conventional lung function measurements in the diagnosis of asthma, because decreased lung function suggests already ongoing airway remodeling that may persist to adult life (9). Moreover, longitudinal intervention studies have underlined the prognostic importance of early initiation of anti-inflammatory therapy (10,11). Several methods for assessment of airway inflammation in children have been proposed (12). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage provide a great potential for the investigation of obstructive lung diseases of infancy and childhood for research purposes. However, bronchoscopy can be performed only when the diagnosis is dependent on direct visualization of the airways, and these ethical aspects, invasiveness, and costs limit its usefulness in clinical practice. Urine and blood samples are easily obtainable and allow repeated measurements. Urinary leukotriene E4 (13), peripheral blood eosinophil count, and
Using linguistics for creating better international brand names

International product sales are increasingly important for most companies. As a result, cross-border brand naming is becoming a significant marketing issue. This article describes linguistic assets such as phonetics (sounds), etymology (roots of words) and rhetoric (persuasive discourse) and proposes a comprehensive framework for analysing how these linguistic assets transfer (or do not transfer) to a number of target linguistic contexts. Using this analysis, managers should follow the ‘Joyce principle’ and attempt to build meaningful brand names across languages, thus adding value to their global brand names.
A Comparative Study on Human Activity Recognition Using Inertial Sensors in a Smartphone

Activity recognition plays an essential role in bridging the gap between the low-level sensor data and the high-level applications in ambient-assisted living systems. With the aim to obtain satisfactory recognition rate and adapt to various application scenarios, a variety of sensors have been exploited, among which, smartphone-embedded inertial sensors are widely applied due to its convenience, low cost, and intrusiveness. In this paper, we explore the power of triaxial accelerometer and gyroscope built-in a smartphone in recognizing human physical activities in situations, where they are used simultaneously or separately. A novel feature selection approach is then proposed in order to select a subset of discriminant features, construct an online activity recognizer with better generalization ability, and reduce the smartphone power consumption. Experimental results on a publicly available data set show that the fusion of both accelerometer and gyroscope data contributes to obtain better recognition performance than that of using single source data, and that the proposed feature selector outperforms three other comparative approaches in terms of four performance measures. In addition, great improvement in time performance can be achieved with an effective feature selector, indicating the way of power saving and its applicability to real-world activity recognition.
Maternal smoking in pregnancy as a determinant of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory polyarthropathies during the first 7 years of life.

OBJECTIVES Personal smoking and gender are determinants of adult rheumatoid arthritis. We assessed the independent and joint effects of maternal smoking in pregnancy and gender on the development of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory polyarthropathies (RA&IP, ICD-9 code 714) in particular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA, ICD-9 code 714.3) in the first 7 years of life in a cohort of Finnish children born in 1987. METHODS We identified 58 841 singleton births from the Finnish Medical Birth Registry and followed-up on them through other nationwide registries for 7 years. The birth registry provided categorical information on the mother's smoking during pregnancy: no smoking as a reference, low exposure (<10 cigarettes per day) and high exposure (>10 cigarettes per day). RESULTS There were 75 cases of RA&IP yielding an incidence rate of 18.5 per 100 000 person-years. Of these, 31 were classified as JRA with an incidence rate of 7.6 per 100 000 person-years. In logistic regression, both the risks of RA&IP (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-3.40) and JRA (3.03; 1.36-6.76) were increased in girls. High exposure to tobacco smoke increased the risks of RA&IP (2.57; 1.13-5.89) and JRA (2.98; 0.95-8.78) in girls, but not in boys. The adjusted ORs for girls with heavy exposure were 4.64 (1.94-11.07) for RA&IP and 6.76 (2.00-22.9) for JRA compared with unexposed boys. CONCLUSION This is an original finding of a potential effect of foetal exposure to tobacco smoke on the risks of RA&IP and JRA in girls.
Dynamic assessment of learning ability improves outcome prediction following acquired brain injury

Primary purpose: There is a need to improve the prediction of outcome following acquired brain injury. The previous focus has been on specifying the relative contribution of such variables as pre-morbid intellectual ability, socioeconomic status, severity of injury and performance on neuropsychological assessments. To date, findings remain discrepant and often inconclusive. The present study examined whether dynamic assessment testing scores predict outcome. Research design: Both standard and dynamic assessment of 77 individuals with acquired brain injury was performed. Dynamic assessment identifies the learning potential of the individual, rather than measuring their statically assessed cognitive ability. The individual's potential to learn the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), with guided instruction and feedback, was assessed and compared with standardized static measures. Results: Using Rasch analysis, individual learning potential was determined and, unlike the standard WCST scores, was predictive of integration into the community following brain injury. Conclusion: It is concluded that dynamic testing potentially may offer advantages over the traditional standard cognitive tests in predicting the outcome for people with brain injuries.