Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NEW EJECTA SHELL SURROUNDING A WOLF-RAYET STAR IN THE LMC

We have obtained CCD spectra of newly-discovered shell-like nebulae around the WN4 star Breysacher 13 and the WN1 star Breysacher 2 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The shell around Br 13 shows definite signs of enrichment in both nitrogen and helium, having much stronger [N II] and He I emission lines than are seen in typical LMC H II regions. From the measured electron temperature of about 17,000 K in the shell, we derive He/H and N/O aubndance ratios which are factors of two and more than ten higher, respectively, than the average LMC interstellar values. The derived oxygen abundance in the Br 13 shell is down by a factor of eight compared to the local LMC ISM; however, the derived electron temperature is affected by the presence of an incomplete shock arising from the interaction of the stellar wind with photoionized material. This uncertainty does not affect the basic conclusion that the Br 13 shell is enriched by processed material from the Wolf-Rayet star. In contrast, the shell around Br 2 shows no clear evidence of enrichment. The nebular spectrum is characterized by extremely strong [O III] and He II emission and very weak [N II]. We derive normal He, O, and N abundances from our spectrum. This object therefore appears to be simply a wind-blown structure associated with a relatively dense cloud near the Wolf-Rayet star, although the very high ionization state of the gas is unusual for a nebula associated with a Wolf-Rayet star.
The importance of parameter resampling for soil moisture data assimilation into hydrologic models using the particle filter

The Sequential Importance Sampling with Resampling (SISR) particle filter and the SISR with parameter resampling particle filter (SISR-PR) are evaluated for their performance in soil moisture assimilation and the consequent effect on baseflow generation. With respect to the resulting soil moisture time series, both filters perform appropriately. However, the SISR filter has a negative effect on the baseflow due to inconsistency between the parameter values and the states after the assimilation. In order to overcome this inconsistency, parameter resampling is applied along with the SISR filter, to obtain consistent parameter values with the analyzed soil moisture state. Extreme parameter replication, which could lead to a particle collapse, is avoided by the perturbation of the parameters with white noise. Both the modeled soil moisture and baseflow are improved if the complementary parameter resampling is applied. The SISR filter with parameter resampling offers an efficient way to deal with biased observations. The robustness of the methodology is evaluated for 3 model parameter sets and 3 assimilation frequencies. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that the particle filter is a promising tool for hydrologic modeling purposes, but that an additional parameter resampling may be necessary to consistently update all state variables and fluxes within the model.
The Flavours of the Indigenous: Branding Native Food Products in Contemporary Australia

Tis essay investigates the recent incorporation of Australian ‘native’ ingredients into a range of food products. Examples of the packaging of products containing such ingredients are analysed to provide an overview of ‘native’ food packaging, demonstrating the semiotic diversity of ideas of ‘indigeneity’ in this context. Te essay then explores how these multiple infections relate to wider discourses of racialised diference in contemporary Australia, focusing on how discussions of ‘natural’ phenomena refect confusion over who can be said to ‘properly’ belong to a place – a question that involves such urgent concerns for postcolonial societies as the (il)legitimacy of settler claims to land ownership. Much analysis of contemporary racisms positions them as articulating cultural rather than biological diferences. Understandings of diference nonetheless continue to be inscribed with reference to particular bodies. ‘Native’ foods are a potent site for investigating such processes: food is ofen presented as a key site of cross-cultural exchange and interaction, but despite this cultural infection, ‘native’ foodstufs are ofen marketed as ‘natural’. Tis constitutes a crucial diference between native foodstufs and the extensive range of products branded through references to ‘exotic’ ethnicities. Exploring the entanglement of multiple narratives used to position native food products, this essay reveals how the realm of ecology, conceived of as ‘natural’ and therefore exterior to politics, is used as a forum for very political questions of ‘belonging’.
MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADVERSE EFFECT BY ACCELERATING FENNEL GROWTH AND FLOWERING

Prof. Dr. I.M.A. Haridy, Hort. Res. Inst. , ARC. ABSTRACT: The present experiment was conducted during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons in the Farm of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department in El Kanater El Khairia, Egypt to study the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) and citric acid (CA) individually and in combination on Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare plants, in order to alleiviate climate change adverse effect by induce early flowering and to stimulate the growth and yield. Ascorbic acid and citric acid were sprayed at two rates 100 and 200 ppm. The following results were recorded: In general, Indian fennel plants were significantly responded to ascorbic and citric acid. Ascorbic acid at 100 and 200 ppm and citric acid at 200ppm increased the vegetative growth (plant height and number of branches/plant), number of umbels/plant, fruit yield/plant and essential oil production. Ascorbic and Citric acid each of them at 100 and 200 ppm decreased the time to flowering, this means that, the antioxidant ascorbic and citric acid stimulating fennel growth, shortening the juvenility stage and induce early flowering. The treated plants by the combination of ascorbic and citric acid at 200ppm gave the highest vegetative growth (plant height and number of branches/plant), number of umbels/plant, fruit yield/plant, essential oil production and accelerating flowering by 27 days in the 1 season and 22 day in the 2 one in comparison with control. Ascorbic acid at 200 ppm plus CA at 200 ppm gave the highest anethole content and the lowest fenchone. Ascorbic acid at 200ppm with CA at 200 ppm produced the least time to flowering. The application of the combination of ascorbic and citric acid at the highest rate 200ppm had a promotion effect in growth traits and inducing early flowering, therefore accelerating fruiting of fennel plants before the sharp fluctuations of climate that occurred in the spring which in turn had a bad effect in fruiting of umbelliferous plants.
Coupling techniques for nonlinear hyperbolic equations. I Self-similar diffusion for thin interfaces

We investigate various analytical and numerical techniques for the coupling of nonlinear hyperbolic systems and, in particular, we introduce an augmented formulation that allows for the modelling of the dynamics of interfaces between fluid flows. The main technical difficulty to be overcome lies in the possible resonance effect when wave speeds coincide and global hyperbolicity is lost. As a consequence, non-uniqueness of weak solutions is observed for the initial-value problem, and these solutions need to be supplemented with further admissibility conditions. This paper is devoted to investigating these issues in the setting of self-similar vanishing viscosity approximations to the Riemann problem for general hyperbolic systems. Following earlier works by Joseph, LeFloch and Tzavaras, we establish an existence theorem for the Riemann problem under fairly general structural assumptions on the nonlinear hyperbolic system and its regularization. Our main contribution consists of nonlinear wave interaction estimates for solutions that apply to resonant wave patterns.
How synchronous are neogene marine plankton events

An electronic supplement of this material may be obtained on adiskette or Anonymous FTP from KOSMOS.AGU. ORG. (LOGIN toAGU's FTP account using ANONYMOUS as the username andGUEST as the password. Go to the right directory by typing CDAPEND. Type LS to see what files are available. Type GET and thename of the file to get it. Finally, type EXIT to leave the system.)(Paper 94PA01456, How synchronous are Neogene marine planktonevents? , by C. Spencer-Cervato, H. R. Thierstein, D. B. Lazarus, andJ-P Beckmann). Diskette may be ordered from American GeophysicalUnion, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W. , Washington, DC 20009; $15.00. Payment must accompany order. We analyzed the synchrony and diachrony of commonly used Neogene biostratigraphic events from data published in the Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and in the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). On the basis of the combined biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic evidence, new Neogene age models were constructed for 35 globally distributed DSDP and ODP holes. Biostratigraphic events from the four major plankton groups (calcareous nannofossils, diatoms, planktonic foraminifera, and radiolarians) were compiled from DSDP and ODP reports. After the elimination of possible sources of error such as stratigraphic hiatuses and reworking of specimens, 124 biostratigraphic events that occurred in at least four holes were analyzed in detail: for each event a biochronologic age estimate was derived by projection of the depth of the event onto the line of correlation of each hole, and from these a global mean age for each event was calculated, together with its standard deviation. Average standard deviations for event ages by fossil group are: calcareous nannofossil first appearance datums (FADs): 0.57 m.y. (21 events), calcareous nannofossil last appearance datums (LADs): 0.60 m.y. (25 events), diatom FADs: 0.57 m.y. (7 events), diatom LADs: 0.85 m.y. (14 events), planktonic foraminifera FADs: 0.88 m.y. (22 events), foraminifera LADs: 0.68 m.y. (16 events), radiolarian FADs: 0.30 m.y. (9 events), radiolarian LADs: 0.31 m.y. (10 events). Since the average sample spacing in the sites used for this analysis is only 0.185 m.y. , we have examined the data for true patterns of diachrony and for other biases. Diachrony is more frequent among cosmopolitan than among endemic taxa, thus there is a general trade-off between the obtainable age precision and the geographic extent of a bioevent. Precision of age calibrations also decreases with increasing age. Although some of these features may be due to investigator bias, they appear in part to be real phenomena, and thus could also provide opportunities for further exploration of important paleobiological processes, such as change in environmental gradients through time, evolutionary adaptation of species populations and migration due to water mass changes.
Changes in Parenting and Youth Adjustment Across the Military Deployment Cycle: Parenting and Youth Adjustment Across Deployment

The present study examined how changes in at-home parents’ mental health and parenting practices related to changes in their children’s adjustment throughout the course of a service members’ military deployment. Participants included at-home parents from 114 National Guard families who were interviewed at four different occasions across the deployment cycle. Results revealed changes across the deployment cycle among three indicators: parental warmth, depressive symptoms, and children’s externalizing behaviors. Changes in parental warmth were associated with changes in children’s adjustment. Overall, these findings indicate that during a parental separation, at-home parents’ responses to children have important implications for children’s adjustment.
Circumferential Grooves for a Modern Transonic Compressor: Aerodynamic Effects, Benefits and Limitations

It has been shown in many cases that a notable aerodynamic stability enhancement can be achieved using circumferential grooves on transonic compressors. This advantage, however, often involves degradation in efficiency at design point conditions. In order to analyze the correlations between efficiency, surge margin and other flow quantities on the one hand and the geometric parameters related to circumferential grooves on the other, an automated multi objective geometry optimization of circumferential grooves for a transonic compressor has been performed. For the surge point determination an iterative approach was used to change the static back pressure until the numerical surge limit was determined with a sufficiently small uncertainty. As a result of the optimization two different types of grooves have been identified. The first type is comparatively small and located only little downstream the leading edge of the rotor. It is capable of increasing the surge margin, while only slightly decreasing efficiency. The second groove type is located more towards the trailing edge and significantly bigger in cross sectional size. It can improve the efficiency of the rotor, but at the same time blockage is generated. Combining the two groove types, also the effects combine, resulting in an increased surge margin and increased efficiency. Applying more than one groove of type one further increases the surge margin compared to a single groove, however the gain is limited. Important groove parameters of optimized grooves are further studied, regarding their sensitivity. The working principles and flow phenomena of the grooves increasing the surge margin are analyzed in detail.
Timeline of Gas Production under Anaerobic Conditions

For the study of biogas production by anaerobic digestion of lignocellulose substrate, it was designed an experiment in which the quantity of gas released by the anaerobic hydrogen producing bacteria was measured. The experiment aimed to highlight the differences occurred in the quantity and composition of the gas provided in 5 consecutive experiments conducted in similar conditions. The experimental data were processed and it was analysed the timeline evolution of the gas production rate of which kinetic was numerically modelled by several three-parameter logistic functions. Even being a preliminary study, it is innovative because it combines experiment with simulation and it proved two mathematical models, based on Gompertz and logistic functions. It was found that the anaerobic digestion process with hydrogen production has a sigmoid dependence on time.
Citizens’ Perception of Different Aspects Regarding German Livestock Production

Farm animal husbandry and animal welfare still are of growing interest in our society. Studies show a mismatch of citizens’ expectations and the present situation in many countries. Therefore intensive livestock production systems seem to lose their societal acceptability. Especially modern pig and poultry production systems are criticized, but dairy farming is also affected. This can more and more be observed in Germany, one of the EU’s biggest livestock producing countries. Against this background, the Scientific Advisory Board on Agricultural Policy, Food and Consumer Health Protection at the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture established guidelines to ensure prospective animal husbandry practices, accepted by the majority of the German society. In this paper we present the actual perception of German citizens and the importance of different husbandry aspects based on seven of these guidelines. Thereby, pig, cattle and poultry production systems are considered and the animal species fattening pigs, dairy cattle as well as laying hens are compared. An online survey with at all 2.400 respondents was conducted in 2017. The survey is based on a qualitative pilot study. Therefore citizens were invited for focus groups about the topics pig, poultry and cattle production in Germany. For each topic six focus groups (poultry: eight) took place in three (poultry: four) German cities. Participants discussed about their perception of actual animal husbandry with respect to housing systems, animal health and well-being, regarding the crucial points of the Scientific Advisory Board’s guidelines. Using content analysis, main present husbandry factors in participants’ perception were identified: flooring type, space per animal, fresh air supply, manipulable material, outdoor access and daylight. Using a ranking procedure with these husbandry factors, main criticism points as well as sideshows could be identified for each of the three production systems, in particular fattening pig production, dairy cattle production and laying hens production. The results will contribute to establish livestock production systems in consensus with citizens’ preferences. Furthermore, results will be important for the constructions of upcoming stables for all investigated animal species.
Home bias in the syndicated loan market

The authors examine the propensity of Australian banks to participate in syndicated loans to corporate borrowers from 12 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. As in other studies of international asset allocation, the authors find that these banks participate more often, and more intensively, in syndicates making loans to Australian firms (cid:16) despite such loans providing fewer opportunities for international diversification. However, much of this apparent bias can be attributed to differences in familiarity characteristics (cid:16) a different legal system, no local banking presence and significant distance from Australia all contribute to the preference for local lending. As these characteristics are likely to proxy for information availability, our results provide further support for the view that home bias phenomena are at least partly due to information problems.
No . 66 July 2007 Price : £ 6 . 00 Opportunities and implications of using the co-products from biofuel production as feeds for livestock by

The Home-Grown Cereals Authority (HGCA) has provided funding for this project but has not conducted the research or written this report. While the authors have worked on the best information available to them, neither HGCA nor the authors shall in any event be liable for any loss, damage or injury howsoever suffered directly or indirectly in relation to the report or the research on which it is based.
Increased concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Evaluation in dairy cows in early lactation

Twelve multiparous Holstein–Friesian dairy cows in early lactation were used to investigate the potential of using perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with a high concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) to increase the efficiency of milk production. Ad libitum access to one of two varieties of zerograzed herbage was given continuously for 3 weeks: treatment High Sugar (HS), an experimental perennial ryegrass variety (Ba11353) bred to contain a high concentration of WSC, harvested in the afternoon; or Control, a standard variety of perennial ryegrass (cv. AberElan), harvested in the morning. All dairy cows also received 4 kg d )1 of a standard dairy concentrate. Dairy cows given the HS diet treatment consumed 2AE8 kg dry matter (DM) d )1 more than Control dairy cows (P <0 AE01), and the DM digestibility of the diet on the HS treatment was significantly greater than that of the diet on the Control treatment (0AE75 vs. 0AE72; s.e.d. 0AE010; P <0 AE05). Excretion of urinary purine derivatives (PD) tended (P <0 AE1) to be higher from dairy cows on the HS treatment, implying increased microbial protein flow to the duodenum, although there was no significant difference in the apparent efficiency of rumen fermentation of either dietary nitrogen (N) or DM expressed as a ratio to urinary PD. Milk yields and milk composition were not significantly affected by dietary treatment, although true protein yields of milk were higher (P <0 AE05) from dairy cows given the HS treatment. The proportion of dietary N excreted in urine was significantly lower from HS cows, although the values were low for both treatments (0AE20 g g )1 vs. 0AE27 g g )1 ; s.e. d. 0AE020; P <0 AE05). It is concluded that increased DM intakes by dairy cows given the HS treatment led to increased milk protein outputs. With a proportional decrease in urinary N excretion, the use of perennial ryegrass with a high WSC concentration, in the context of the harvesting regime used in this study, may help to reduce N pollution from dairy systems into which it is incorporated.
Cosmic string power spectrum, bispectrum, and trispectrum

We use analytic calculations of the post-recombination gravitational effects of cosmic strings to estimate the resulting CMB power spectrum, bispectrum and trispectrum. We place a particular emphasis on multipole regimes relevant for forthcoming CMB experiments, notably the Planck satellite. These calculations use a flat-sky approximation, generalizing previous work by integrating string contributions from last scattering to the present day, finding the dominant contributions to the correlators for multipoles l>50. We find a well-behaved shape for the string bispectrum (without divergences) which is easily distinguishable from the inflationary bispectra which possess significant acoustic peaks. We estimate that the nonlinearity parameter characterizing the bispectrum is approximately 0 > or approx. f{sub NL} > or approx. -40 (given present string constraints from the CMB power spectrum). We also apply these unequal time correlator methods to calculate the trispectrum for parrallelogram configurations, again valid over a large range of angular scales relevant for WMAP and Planck, as well as on very small angular scales. We find that, unlike the bispectrum which is suppressed by symmetry considerations, the trispectrum for cosmic strings is large. Our current estimate for the trispectrum parameter is {tau}{sub NL{approx}}10{sup 5}, which may provide one of the strongest constraints on themore » string model in future analysis. « less
Enforcing animal welfare law: the NSW experience

As animal law in Australia is a relatively new field, there has been little research into the operation of State and Territory animal welfare legislation. Yet to understand any area of law requires not only knowledge of the relevant legislation and cases but also an appreciation of how the law 'in the books' is interpreted and applied. This is particularly important in a field where the regulatory subjects lack any direct legal claim and are unable to articulate their own experience. The abdication by governments of responsibility for much of the law enforcement in this field makes it even more crucial that the practical operation of the law be subject to scrutiny. This article aims to contribute to this process by examining some aspects of the operation of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 (NSW). The first part situates the Act within the legal and regulatory framework governing animal welfare in NSW, while the second part provides data with respect to its enforcement. The final part seeks to identify general issues in relation to animal law enforcement arising from the first two sections. The article does not purport to be an exhaustive study of animal welfare law enforcement in NSW but to identify some of the matters that merit further discussion and research. While the focus of the study is NSW, the discussion is likely to have relevance for animal law enforcement in Australia more generally.