Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Political Instability and Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Afribank PLC (Mainstreet Bank) Maiduguri Branch

Political instability and investment Performance is becoming more complex to organization. The performance of an organization can be enhanced if the environment of the business is well known in terms of stability to the operation of the organization. This paper therefore is set to examine the performance of organizations under unstable political environment. There are certain factors however that affects the performance of the business. This may include the change in government (political risks) associated with the performance of organization. Due to political instability, how have organizations performed in the short, medium and long term investments? Data was collected on the political instability and the performance of organizations in the country from 1979 to 1993. The chi-square and correlation statistical tools were used to determine and to ascertain the relationship and the level of performance of organizations. The study concludes that, the performance of organization depends on stability of government. However, the study recommends that, a country with high instability of government makes it difficult for organizations to perform. Thus, organizations require relatively stable operating environment for better performance.
Biases in diet sampling methods in the Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti

This study quantifies for the first time the biases associated with different methods (direct observations, pellets, remains, and pellets plus remains referred to as pooled data) used to assess the diet of the Spanish Imperial EagleAquila adalberti. With respect to prey items delivered to the nest as a surrogate of the most objective method to assess the diet, pellets, remains and pooled data overestimated birds and underestimated mammals. With regards to the size of the prey, prey remains, pellets and pooled data underestimate larger prey (>601 g) but overestimated smaller and medium size preys (<300 g and 301–600 g). Concerning dietary breadth, prey remains provided the widest trophic spectrum. Our results suggest that the three methods used to quantify the diet in Spanish Imperial Eagles are significantly different and that the pooled data (pellets plus prey remains) is not a reliable alternative method for direct observations to reduce this bias. Biases in the diet can differ considerably among prey categories, and based on our data it is not possible to generalise about the most appropriate method for estimating raptor diets. Thus, the reported biases should be seriously considered in management and conservation strategies for threatened species based on indirect studies on raptor diet.
Effect of bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of knol-khol

An experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design at Horticulture farm, S.K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during rabi season of 2009-10 to study the effect of biofertilizers Azospirillum, Azotobacter and PSB and different fertility levels of NPK on growth, yield and quality of Knol-khol (Brassica caulorapa L.). The experiment consist of 16 treatment combinations viz., four levels of fertility (control, 50%, 75% and 100% recommended dose of NPK) and four different biofertilizer inoculations (control, Azotobactor, Azospirillum and PSB). Among different bio-fertilizers the inoculation of PSB leads to maximum plant height, number of leaves per plant, knob diameter, biological yield per plant, average weight of knob, volume of knob, yield of knob per hectare, NPK content in Knob, protein content, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll content over rest of Biofertilizers but at par with Azospirillum. The inoculation of Azotobacter also recorded better performance. These bacterial inoculants responded to with an increase in growth, yield and quality parameters as compared to control. So, better results were obtained by the application biofertilizer inoculants.
"Primate Bushmeat Consumption: A Source of Zoonotic Disease Risk in Tombel Area, Southwest Region, Cameroon"

In sub-Saharan Africa, primate bushmeat consumption is considered the primary risk factor for human-wildlife contact and zoonotic disease transmission, particularly for the transmission of simian retroviruses. Despite the frequent zoonotic disease out-breaks from the primate bushmeat consumption in some parts of Africa, many Cameroonians still consider the monkey bushmeat as a delicacy. The main objective of this study was to investigate the consumption behaviour of monkey meat in Tombel area. The survey method constituted the administration of five hundred and fifty questionnaires to a selected population in the study area. The results of this study showed that the Age-class and Awareness of Ebola disease is significantly related, X2 = 13.53 df= 3 at P<0.05. Also, the Age range with 15-25yrs has the highest knowledge 31.52% on the Ebola disease zoonoses. The survey also recorded a significant correlation between Gender and the Awareness of zoonotic diseases, R2 = 0.728 at P < 0.05. In addition, the Female respondents recorded the highest knowledge on the existence of primate zoonoses 53.32%, while the male respondents recorded 46.68%. The study has shown that 75.88% of the respondents consuming primates were aware that their illnesses are transmissible to humans while 24.12% were unaware. This study further discovered that 82.75% of the respondents have heard about Ebola disease while 17.25% had no knowledge on the existence of Ebola disease. About 69.22 % of the respondents accepted that they consume the monkey bush meat while 30.78% unaccepted its consumption. The national government of Cameroon might need to create jobs in order to discourage wildlife hunting and trapping; hence, the wildlife conservation public sensitization campaigns would deepen understanding on the cost of primate zoonotic epidemic from bush meat consumption.
Polarimetric and spectroscopic optical observations of the ultra-compact X-ray binary 4U 0614+091

Aims: We present a polarimetric and spectroscopic study of the persistent ultra compact X-ray binary 4U 0614+091 aimed at searching for the emission of a relativistic particle jet and at unveiling the orbital period of the system. Methods: We obtained r-band polarimetric observations with the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) equipped with the PAOLO polarimeter and with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) equipped with the ALFOSC instrument, covering ~ 2 hours and ~ 0.5 hours observations, respectively. We carried out low resolution spectroscopy of the system using the ESO Very Large Telescope equipped with FORS1 for ~ 1.5 hours (16 spectra covering the range 430-800 nm). Results: The polarimetric analysis performed starting from the TNG dataset revealed a polarisation degree in the r-band of 3 % +/- 1 %. From the NOT dataset, due to the lower S/N ratio, we could obtain only a 3 sigma upper limit of 3.4 %. From the joining of a spectroscopic and photometric analysis, through the study of the equivalent width variations of the CII 724 nm line and the r-band light curve, we could find a hint of a ~ 45 min periodicity. Conclusions: A polarisation degree P of ~ 3 % in the r-band is consistent with the emission of a relativistic particle jet, which is supposed to emit intrinsically linearly polarised synchrotron radiation. Since no variations of P with time have been detected, and the accretion disc of the system does not contain ionised hydrogen, scattering by free electrons in the accretion disc has been rejected. The period of ~ 45 min obtained through the analysis of the system light curve and of the equivalent width variations of the selected spectral line is probably linked to the presence of a hot spot or a superhump in the accretion disc, and lead to an orbital period > 1 hour for the binary system.
CMIP5 multi‐model hindcasts for the mid‐1970s shift and early 2000s hiatus and predictions for 2016–2035

Compared to uninitialized climate change projections, a multi‐model ensemble from the CMIP5 10 year decadal prediction experiments produces more warming during the mid‐1970s climate shift and less warming in the early 2000s hiatus in both the tropical Indo‐Pacific region and globally averaged surface air temperature (TAS) in closer agreement with observations. Assuming bias in TAS has stabilized in the 10 year predictions, after bias adjustment, TAS anomalies for the 2016–2035 period in the 30 year predictions initialized in 2006 are about 16% less than the uninitialized projections. One contributing factor for the improved climate simulation is the bias adjustment, which corrects the models' systematic errors and higher‐than‐observed decadal warming trend. Another important factor is the initialization with observations which constrains the ocean such that the starting points of the initialized simulations are close to the observed initial states.
The Effects of Different Pre-treatments , Temperature and Photoperiod on Germination of Caper ( Capparis ovata Desf . )

The objecive of the study was to increase germination rate of caper seeds with the treatment of various growth regulators and physical methods. In combination with these treatments, determination of optimum environment for the germination of caper seeds was also investigated. For the break down of the seed dormancy, prechilling in refrigerator, treatment with gibberellic acid (2000 ppm) and potassium nitrate (2000 ppm), scarification of seeds and combinations of these treatments were applied. In order to determine appropriate germination conditions, germination of caper seeds were tested at different temperatures (15, 20 and 20-30 uC) and photoperiods (dark, light and dark/light cycle). Germination rates of seeds varied between 0 and 74 %. The highest germination rate with 74 % were obtained from the combination of prechillihg at 4 °C in refrigerator, 2000 ppm GA3, seed scarification and 20-30 ° C dark/light treatments.
Seismic properties of soil in the Eastern Baltiс Sea Region based on the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio method

The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare seismic properties of soil under different geological conditions of the southern part of the Baltic Shield and the northwestern part of the East European Platform. Horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) were estimated with respect to seismic stations of the Baltic Virtual Seismic Network (BAVSEN). The HVSRs were made based on the analysis of ambient seismic noise and regional seismic events. Distinct peak amplitudes of HVSRs for the stations located on the Baltic Shield, the southern slope of the Baltic Shield and the sedimentary cover of the northwestern part of East European Platform were revealed. The stability of amplitudes and frequencies of HVSR peaks, soil vulnerability index and interrelation between frequency and unconsolidated sediment thickness were estimated. The results can be of practical importance for the solution of problems of engineering seismology and for the assessment of dynamic properties of soil and vulnerability of buildings.
A Global Glacial Ocean State Estimate Constrained by Upper-Ocean Temperature Proxies

We use the method of least squares with Lagrange multipliers to fit an ocean general circulation model to the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) estimate of near sea surface temperature (NSST) at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; circa 23–19 thousand years ago). Compared to a modern simulation, the resulting global, last-glacial ocean state estimate, which fits the MARGO data within uncertainties in a free-running coupled ocean–sea ice simulation, has global-mean NSSTs that are 2°C lower and greater sea ice extent in all seasons in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Increased brine rejection by sea ice formation in the Southern Ocean contributes to a stronger abyssal stratification set principally by salinity, qualitatively consistent with pore fluid measurements. The upper cell of the glacial Atlantic overturning circulation is deeper and stronger. Dye release experiments show similar distributions of Southern Ocean source waters in the glacial and modern western Atlantic, suggesting that LGM NSST data do not require a major reorganization of abyssal water masses. Outstanding challenges in reconstructing LGM ocean conditions include reducing effects from model biases and finding computationally efficient ways to incorporate abyssal tracers in global circulation inversions. Progress will be aided by the development of coupled ocean–atmosphere–ice inverse models, by improving high-latitude model processes that connect the upper and abyssal oceans, and by the collection of additional paleoclimate observations.
Determinants of Technical Inefficiency in Sentul Chicken Farming in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia

This study was conducted to identify determinants of technical inefficiency among Sentul chicken farmers. This was investigated using the stochastic frontier production function which incorporates a model for the technical efficiency effect. Farm level survey data from 100 Sentul chicken farmers were obtained using well structured questionnaire. The parameters were estimated simultaneously with those of the model of technical efficiency effects. The result showed that age, education, experience, family size, number of chicken ownership, extension and credit have significant effect on technical inefficiency, while gender has no significant effect on technical inefficiency. Keywords : Sentul, chicken, technical inefficiency
The Institutionalisation of Multi-level Changes: Sustainable Development, Values and Territory

This article addresses the institutional changes that local communities face when implementing sustainable development policies. Analyses suggest that because of the strength of the territorial institutions, most institutionalisation and innovation are incremental and create marginal organisational changes, in part icular, within local governments. However, some institutions are designed to improve the territorial consistency of public sustainability decisions.
Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate?

We address the effects of negative campaign advertising on turnout. Using a unique experimental design in which advertising tone is manipulated within the identical audiovisual context, we find that exposure to negative advertisements dropped intentions to vote by 5%. We then replicate this result through an aggregate-level analysis of turnout and campaign tone in the 1992 Senate elections. Finally, we show that the demobilizing effects of negative campaigns are accompanied by a weakened sense of political efficacy. Voters who watch negative advertisements become more cynical about the responsiveness of public officials and the electoral process.
INNOVATION AND BUSINESS STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE FIRM PERFORMANCE: STUDY OF SMEs CLUSTER IN MALANG

This research aims to know the direct influence of innovation against the performance of the company and to find out the direct influence of business strategy on performance of the company. The population of this research was the whole SME Centre In Malang. The number of samples used was 100 SMEs. Sampling procedure was done by using the method of probability sampling, with Proportional Random Sampling techniques namely sampling proportionately to each region. Data analysis used in this research was Multiple Regression method. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it shows that innovation directly and positively effects performance of the company. Furthermore, the results of this study also found that business strategy will affect the achievement of the company's performance. This means that if the companies do innovation and business strategy, it will improve the company's performance
Herbicidal effect on weed growth, crop yield and soil microbes in olitorius jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

A field experiment was conducted during 2007-2008 at Barrackpore on Gangetic alluvium soil to find out the effect of pre-emergence (trifluralin and S-metolachlor) and post-emergence (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, quizalofop ethyl and cyhalofop butyl) herbicides on weed management, growth and fibre yield of olitorius jute, nutrient removal by weeds and effect on soil microbes. The grass and sedges were the dominant weed flora present in the ratio 1: 0.76 on dry weight basis. Trifluralin controlled the grasses but the problem of sedge weeds occurred (97.9 g m -2 ) and the natural balance of grass:sedge weed complex shifted towards sedge weeds (grass:sedge 1:9). Like trifluralin, the post-emergence grass herbicides (quizalofop ethyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl) also allowed sedges to grow. The yield reduction in olitorius jute due to weeds was as high as 47.8%. The field was dominated by sedges (along with grass), so, application of S-metolachlor @ 0.50 kg ha-1 (PE) on soil surface just after jute sowing proved effective in controlling weeds (79.04%), supporting higher jute plant height (252 cm) and achieving higher fibre yield (2.41 Mg ha-1 ). Weeds in jute field at 45 DAS removed 16.59 kg N, 3.67 kg P 2 O 5 and 33.88 kg K 2 O ha -1 . Nutrient contents were much higher in sedge weeds (1.01% N, 0.34% P 2 O 5 and 2.63% K 2 O) than the grasses (0.81% N, 0.09% P 2 O 5 and 1.22% K 2 O). Application of pre and post emergence herbicides in jute affected the total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi population in soil initially but the microbial population improved gradually and reached to normal level by harvest of jute.
Luminosity-dependent unification of active galactic nuclei and the X-ray Baldwin effect

The existence of an anti-correlation between the equivalent width (EW) of the narrow core of the iron Kline and the luminosity of the continuum (i.e. the X-ray Baldwin effect) in type-I active galactic nuclei has been confirmed over the last years by several studies carried out with XMM-Newton, Chandra and Suzaku. However, so far no general consensus on the origin of this trend has been reached. Several works have proposed the decrease of the covering factor of the molecular torus with the luminosity (in the framework of the luminosity-dependent unification models) as a possible explanation for the X-ray Baldwin effect. Using the fraction of obscured sources measured by recent X-ray and IR surveys as a proxy of the half-opening angle of the torus, and the recent Monte- Carlo simulations of the X-ray radiation reprocessed by a structure with a spherical-toroidal geometry by Ikeda et al. ( 2009) and Brightman & Nandra (2011), we test the hypothesis that the X-ray Baldwin effect is related to the decrease of the half-opening angle of the torus with the luminosity. Simulating the spectra of an unabsorbed population with a luminosity-dependent covering factor of the torus as predicted by recent X-ray surveys, we find that th is mechanism is able to explain the observed X-ray Baldwin effect. Fitting the simulated data with a log-linear L 2−10 keV− EW relation, we found that in the Seyfert regime (L 2−10 keV≤ 10 44.2 erg s −1 ) luminosity- dependent unification produces a slope consistent with the o bservations for average values of the equatorial column densities of the torus of log N T H & 23.1, and can reproduce both the slope and the intercept for log N T H ≃ 23.2. Lower values of N T H are obtained considering the decrease of the covering factor of the torus with the luminosity extrapolated from IR observations (22.9. log N T. 23). In the quasar regime (L 2−10 keV > 10 44.2 erg s −1 ) a decrease of the covering factor of the torus with the luminosity slower than that observed in the Seyfert regime (as found by recent hard X-ray surveys) is able to reproduce the observations for 23.2. log N T. 24.2.
Improved confinement in JET high β plasmas with an ITER-like wall

The replacement of the JET carbon wall (C-wall) by a Be/W ITER-like wall (ILW) has affected the plasma energy confinement. To investigate this, experiments have been performed with both the C-wall and ILW to vary the heating power over a wide range for plasmas with different shapes. It was found that the power degradation of thermal energy confinement was weak with the ILW; much weaker than the IPB98(y,2) scaling and resulting in an increase in normalized confinement from H98 ∼ 0.9 at βN ∼ 1.5 to H98 ∼ 1.2−1.3 at βN ∼ 2.5 − 3.0 as the power was increased (where H98 = τE/τIPB98(y,2) and βN = βTBT/aIP in % T/mMA). This reproduces the general trend in JET of higher normalized confinement in the so-called ‘hybrid’ domain, where normalized β is typically above 2.5, compared with ‘baseline’ ELMy H-mode plasmas with βN ∼ 1.5 − 2.0. This weak power degradation of confinement, which was also seen with the C-wall experiments at low triangularity, is due to both increased edge pedestal pressure and core pressure peaking at high power. By contrast, the high triangularity C-wall plasmas exhibited elevated H98 over a wide power range with strong, IPB98(y,2)-like, power degradation. This strong power degradation of confinement appears to be linked to an increase in the source of neutral particles from the wall as the power increased, an effect that was not reproduced with the ILW. The reason for the loss of improved confinement domain at low power with the ILW is yet to be clarified, but contributing factors may include changes in the rate of gas injection, wall recycling, plasma composition and radiation. The results presented in this paper show that the choice of wall materials can strongly affect plasma performance, even changing confinement scalings that are relied upon for extrapolation to future devices.
Investigation of Organic Matter Release in Emulsion Liquid Membrane Treatments

The emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique is a process used for separation. It uses organic diluents, extractants, and surfactants. Due to the organic nature of these constituents, an unwanted organic matter release to the external phase occurs during the separation process. The present study demonstrates this organic matter release to the external phase in the ELM process used for the removal of lead ions from industrial storage battery wastewater. Toluene, kerosene, mineral oil, and xylene, as organic diluents, sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate (Tween 85), as surfactants, and di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), as extractant, were used. In the process of lead ion removal from storage battery wastewater, while lead ion concentration decreased to 200 mg/l.
Willingness to pay for fair trade coffee - the impact of conformity on ethical consumption

In this study the willingness to pay and conformity-seeking behaviour of Swedish consumers when purchasing fair trade coffee were examined. It was conducted through a conjoint analysis on data collected from two different questionnaires; one that presented objective information on fair trade, and one that linked fair trade to aspirational cues. The results indicated that ethical claims of fair trade elicit additional utility that increases consumers’ willingness to pay for fair trade coffee. The findings also suggested that conformity-seeking behaviour related to self-image seem to be one of the buying motives behind purchase of fair trade coffee.
The mass of the neutron star in the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1012 + 5307

We have measured the radial velocity variation of the white dwarf secondary in the binary system containing the millisecond pulsar PSR J 1012 + 5307. Combined with the orbital parameters of the radio pulsar, we infer a mass ratio q (≡M1/M2) = 10.5 ± 0.5. Our optical spectroscopy has also allowed us to determine the mass of the white dwarf companion by fitting the spectrum to a grid of DA model atmospheres: we estimate M2 = 0.16 ± 0.02 M⊙, and hence the mass of the neutron star is 1.64 ± 0.22 M⊙, where the error is dominated by that of M2. The orbital inclination is 52 ± 4°. For an initial neutron star mass of ∼ 1.4 M⊙, only a few tenths of a solar mass at most has been successfully accreted over the lifetime of the progenitor low-mass X-ray binary. If the initial mass of the secondary was ∼ 1 M⊙, our result suggests that the mass transfer may have been non-conservative.