Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trichoderma communities with an xceptional potential for biocontrol of phytopathogens

Trichoderma strains exhibit enormous potential for applications in biotechnology, in particular as biocontrol agents against pathogens. However, little is known about the diversity of plant-associated Trichoderma communities at a global scale and their antagonistic spectrum. In order to gather information about structure and function, we compared Trichoderma biomes of endemic (Aeonium, Diospyros, Hebe, Rhododendron) and cosmopolitan plants (Zea mays) in a global study encompassing the area Northwest Africa to New Zealand via the European Alps and Madagascar. At the quantitative level we found no differences between cosmopolitan and endemic plants. Statistically significant differences were detected at the qualitative level: Trichoderma populations of endemic plants were highly specific and diverse with hot spots appearing in Madagascar and New Zealand. By contrast, maize plants from all sites shared the majority of Trichoderma species (65.5%). Interestingly, the high above ground biodiversity in ecosystems containing endemic plants was confirmed by a high below ground Trichoderma diversity. Despite the differences, we found a global Trichoderma core community shared by all analysed plants, which was dominated by T. koningii and T. koningiopsis. Amplicon-based network analyses revealed a high similarity between maize Trichoderma grown world-wide and distinct populations of endemic plants. Furthermore, Trichoderma strains from endemic plants showed a higher antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens compared to maize-associated strains. Our results showed that endemic plants are associated with a specific Trichoderma microbiome which possesses a high antagonistic activity indicating that it has potential to be used for biocontrol purposes. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Phosphorus retention and availability in three contrasting soils amended with rice husk and corn cob biochar at varying pyrolysis temperatures

The reactive nature of phosphorus (P) leads to the formation of insoluble Fe, Al and Ca phosphates in highly weathered tropical soils, thus reducing P availability for plant uptake. Biochar with its heterogeneous surface properties as influenced by feedstock and pyrolysis temperature can affect P retention and availability in tropical soils. In the present study, incubation studies were conducted for 90 days to investigate the effect of corn cob and rice husk biochar on P sorption and desorption in two acid (Typic Plinthustult-A & Plinthic Acrudox-B) and one neutral soil (Quartzipsamment-C). The biochars were pyrolyzed at varying temperatures (300 °C, 450 °C and 650 °C) and applied at a rate of 1% (w/w) to the soils. Phosphorus sorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Phosphorus desorption was done on the residual samples that received initial P concentrations of 21.5 mg L, 43.0 mg L and 86.0mg L solution using 10mM KCl. The P sorption capacity of the two acid soils i.e. A (395mg kg) and B (296mg kg) were more than two fold that of the neutral soil (C) (105mg kg). Addition of the biochar types to soil A raised the equilibrium P concentration in solution at decreasing pyrolysis temperature. Similar trend was observed in soil B with the exception of corn cob and rice husk biochar at 650 °C which increased the soil's (B) P sorption capacity. In soil C, both biochar types increased P sorption capacity with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. Phosphorus desorbability increased with increasing initial P concentrations in the three soils. Generally, P desorbability increased in the acid soils but decreased in the neutral soil upon biochar amendment. Decreases in P adsorption and consequently increases in P desorption were more pronounced when the 300 °C biochar types were amended with the soils. The study thus showed that biochar pyrolyzed at 300–450 °C could be used to reduce P sorption and increase P bioavailability especially in acid soils. The addition of biochar to neutral or alkaline soils might increase P retention possibly in the shortterm, reducing P bioavailability.
Are entrepreneurs made on campus ? ? How entrepreneurial orientation of universities influences graduates ? occupational choice

Many universities are becoming more entrepreneurial by supporting spin-off activity of students and staff, installing entrepreneurship programs and creating networks to local entrepreneurs. But how do these activities affect university graduates? employment choices? By utilizing three different data sources this question is addressed in the present study in the case of German university graduates. Information collected through a large-scale graduate survey, implemented by the International Centre for Higher Education Research, is combined with a ranking system of university entrepreneurial orientation and official regional labor data. Empirical analysis suggests that the likelihood of entering self-employment is significantly positively related to the entrepreneurial orientation of the university.
New tectonostratigraphic framework for the northeastern Kisseynew Domain , Manitoba ( parts of NTS 63 O )

High-resolution images from the 2006 Wuskwatim Lake aeromagnetic survey were used in conjunction with new mapping and isotopic data to reinterpret the geology of the Kisseynew Domain (KD) west of the Thompson Nickel Belt (TNB). The results suggest that a 60 km wide zone, previously considered to consist entirely of Burntwood Group migmatite and younger granite, is structurally interleaved with heterogeneous orthogneiss and paragneiss resembling Superior Province basement and the lower part of its cover sequence (Ospwagan Group). These units are exposed in structural culminations suggesting a widespread distribution under a structural cover of the Burntwood Group in the northeastern KD. Iron formations that form aeromagnetic markers may correspond to similar units within the Pipe Formation, making parts of the region prospective for Thompsontype nickel mineralization.
Early growth process and paths of entrepreneurial science-based firms

Our research brings to light the differences in terms of the speed with which science-based firms can access and mobilize critical resources at the early growth stage, and how these differences are influenced by national institutional settings. Drawing on a study of 18 biopharmaceutical firms in the UK and 17 in the Netherlands, we find that early growth of science-based firms involves the simultaneous process of early fundraising, managerial and technological development. This is an unfolding and interrelated process and depends on direct and indirect ties or relations. We also find that the unique features of technological development, including the profound and persistent (scientific) uncertainty surrounding R&D that characterizes these firms, plays a strong role in the early growth of science-based firms. Using process analysis, we identify different speeds of early growth: rapid, gradual and arrested development. In discussing these, we illuminate the effect of institutional settings on how early growth unfolds.
Unintended effects of temporal debt suspension

During the recent financial crisis, temporal debt suspension programs have been designed to postpone payments on existing debt of the firms more subject to the credit crunch. We argue that these programs ? and their temporal effects in term of short-term positive benefits ? may induce a short-term orientation, and so may negatively impact eligible firms. We test our hypotheses by exploiting a quasinatural experiment provided by a financial debt suspension program implemented in Italy after 2009 and applying a difference-in-differences design with coarsened exact matching to a unique database with 382,690 firm-year observations between 2006-2015. Our results show that temporal debt suspension programs, which provide firms with short-term benefits, produce some unintended effects, like an increase of financial leverage and maturity, without increasing R&D intensity. Moreover, we find that the provision of short-term benefits reduces firms’ performance and increases their bankruptcy risk. Overall, our findings suggest that temporal debt suspension programs, whereas designed to help eligible firms to overcome temporary financial constrains, could actually have unintended negative consequences by inducing firms’ short-term orientation.
FLUIDS 4 , 014304 ( 2019 ) Resolved simulations of sedimenting suspensions of spheres

Daniel P. Willen1,* and Andrea Prosperetti2,3,† 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA 3Faculty of Science and Technology and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
P 2 . 3 MEASUREMENTS OF CO 2 FLUXES IN THE MEXICO CITY MEGACITY

Urban areas are acknowledged to be major sources of anthropogenic CO2 (IPCC, 2001), however, there are few direct measurements of CO2 emissions in urban areas. This is particularly true for megacities, such as Mexico City, where there is a rapid growth with a wide range of direct and indirect sources, such as the high levels of traffic and land use changes involved with urbanization. Several authors have attempted to quantify the CO2 levels in urban environments through emission inventories from estimates of fossil fuel consumption, evaluations of the amount of carbon sequestered in urban vegetation, and short term studies of CO2 concentrations. Grimmond et al. (2002) provided a list of studies measuring CO2 concentrations in urban environments. For Mexico City, results of only two studies have been reported; the first was a study during 1981 and 1982, in which CO2 was sampled at different locations in the city and analyzed by gas chromatography (Baez et al., 1988). In the second study CO2 concentrations were measured by a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at a fixed site in the southwest of the city in a residential area during fall 2001 (Grutter, 2003).
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Structure and Grammaticalization of Serial Verb Constructions in Sign Language of the Netherlands A Corpus-Based Study

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Pain Management for Joint Replacement Cases – Physiotherapy Perspective

Introduction Total joint arthroplasty is considered as one of the most successful surgical procedures to relieve pain and improve physical function for patients with severe osteoarthritis of knees or hips. In Hong Kong, there are about 6,000 total knees or total hip arthroplasty operations performed in public hospitals yearly. Adequate and appropriate post-operative pain management allows faster rehabilitation, reduces risk of complications and hence, associated with shorter length of stay in hospital (Parvizi et al, 2011). However, after hip or knee arthroplasty, a significant proportion of patients experience certain period of pain which may persist for months. Previous studies showed that at least 7%-23% of patients experienced long-term pain after hip arthroplasty and at least 10%-34% of patients had long-term pain after knee arthroplasty (Beswick et al, 2012). In order to improve the quality of the outcomes after total joint arthroplasty, multimodal pain management is used to tackle the pain. This is a multidisciplinary approach with input from surgeons, anesthesiologists, as well as physiotherapists. Surgeons and anesthesiologists work much during the pre-operative period, during operation and post-operative period by using spinal analgesia, epidural analgesia, local analgesia, nerve block, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, Gabapentin, Tramadol, etc. (Beswick et al, 2012; Fischer et al, 2008).
Interactive comment on “ iFit : An intensity based retrieval for volcanic SO 2 from scattered sunlight UV spectra ” by Ben Esse

Remote sensing of volcanic SO2 emissions via Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) has become a major tool in volcanology. DOAS analyses differences between a measured light spectrum and a background spectrum. The background spectrum is usually recorded by the same instrument in the temporal proximity to the measured spectrum but in another viewing direction. Using such a background spectrum allows DOAS for an automatic correction of most instrumental effects, stratospheric effects, and shared tropospheric effects. As a drawback, this method is insensitive for a contamination of the background with e.g. volcanic SO2 and DOAS then potentially underestimates the absolute volcanic SO2 emissions. Salerno et al. (2009) and Lübcke et al. (2016) presented alternative approaches which use a synthetic background spectrum in order to detect/circumvent a possible background contamination.
Development of the symmetrical laser shock test for weak bond inspection

This study aims to assess the capability of the LAser Shock Adhesion Test to detect weak bonds in assemblies made of carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates as well as understand the behaviour of different bonded composite structure under a shock load. A specific setup based on symmetrical laser shocks has been used. After each test, ultrasounds are used to determine if the bond has been damaged or not. At first, samples with two contaminants de-icing fluid and finger prints were studied. Then, the bond quality of two partially contaminated aircraft parts were investigated. These original results demonstrate the efficiency of the symmetrical laser shocks method as a Non-Destructive Test for bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer assemblies.
WP / 18 / 100 Real Sectoral Spillovers : A Dynamic Factor Analysis of the Great Recession

This paper studies changes in the transmission of common versus sectoral idiosyncratic shocks across different U.S. nonfarm business sectors during the Great Recession, and evaluates the cross-sectoral spillovers. Shocks are identified by dynamic factor methods. We find that the Great Recession is largely a time of heightened impact of common shocks— which accounts for 3/4 of aggregate volatility—and large spillovers of negative financerelated shocks. Moreover, in contrast with the earlier literature that failed to find a significant role of sectoral shocks (propagated through the input-output linkages across sectors) in driving variability in aggregate industry output, this study allows spillovers of shocks to operate through other mechanisms intertemporally. We find that prior to the recession the majority of aggregate fluctuations is explained by sector-specific shocks. JEL Classification Numbers: C32, C67, E32, E23
Update on the rare-earth element potential of the Gammon Ferruginous Member of the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale in southwestern Manitoba by

Manitoba Geological Survey Summary Anomalous concentration and enrichment of rareearth elements (REE) in comparison to most other Cretaceous shale horizons have been noted in outcrops of the Gammon Ferruginous Member along the Manitoba escarpment and in the Pembina River valley of southwestern Manitoba, and have prompted additional work to address the potential for economic REE deposits in this unit. The highest REE values were obtained from inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry of samples from the Spencer’s ditch locality near the escarpment edge; subsequent testing revealed up to 3844 ppm total rare-earth element oxides. Apatite, which accounts for ~35% of the mineral mass (–300/+100 mesh size fraction), was identified in initial tests as the most likely host for most of the REE (heavy REE may also be contained in zircon grains, which make up ~0.01% of the mineral mass). Although the apatite was initially thought to be of magmatic origin, electron-probe microanalyses and petrographic examination of heavy mineral separates indicate that these grains may actually be biological apatite (or bioapatite), representing fossilized bone material. The discovery of an association of REE and fossil bone material may represent a useful diagnostic tool to identify, perhaps by using a portable X-ray fluorescence unit, potential fossiliferous bone beds similar to those known to contain exceptionally well-preserved marine reptile fossils in Manitoba. Further testing is underway to determine if there is any potential for economic REE mineralization within the Gammon Ferruginous Member, unrelated to the bone beds.
Title Optimum Reversible Data Hiding and Permutation Coding

This paper is mainly devoted to investigating the connection between binary reversible data hiding and permutation coding. We start by undertaking an approximate combinatorial analysis of the embedding capacity of reversible watermarking in the binary Hamming case, which asymptotically shows that optimum reversible watermarking must involve not only “writing on dirty paper”, as in any blind data hiding scenario, but also writing on the dirtiest parts of the paper. The asymptotic analysis leads to the information-theoretical result given by Kalker and Willems more than a decade ago. Furthermore, the novel viewpoint of the problem suggests a near-optimum reversible watermarking algorithm for the low embedding distortion regime based on permutation coding. A practical implementation of permutation coding, previously proposed in the context of maximum-rate perfect steganography of memoryless hosts, can be used to implement the algorithm. The paper concludes with a discussion on the evaluation of the general rate-distortion bound for reversible data hiding.
Allelic frequency of PON 1 Q 192 R , CYP 2 C 19 * 2 and CYP 2 C 19 * 17 among Jordanian patients taking clopidogrel

Purpose: To investigate the influence of allelic frequencies of PON1 Q192R, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 genetic polymorphisms on the response to clopidogrel among Jordanian patients. Methods: Polymorphisms in CYP2C19 were assessed among 148 patients using PCR-RFLP assay. Results: The CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*17, and PON1 Q192R allele frequencies were 9.8, 28.72 and 28.7 %, respectively. On the genotyping side, the frequencies of CYP2C19*1/1* and CYP2C19*1/2* were 80.4 and 19.6 %, respectively, but none of the patients had CYP2C19*2/2* genotype. The genotype frequencies CYP2C19*17 were 47.97, 46.62 and 5.41 % for wild-type C-C, heterozygote C-T, and the mutant T-T, respectively. PON1 genotype was 42.7 % for QQ, and 57.8 % for QR. None of the patients had RR genotype. Conclusion: Relative to other populations, the observed allelic frequencies are consistent with the values reported for Caucasian and Middle Eastern populations.
広島大学学術情報リポジトリ Hiroshima University Institutional Repository Title MUC 1 in lung adenocarcinoma : cross-sectional genetic and serological study

Background: Mucin 1 (MUC1) contributes to the growth and metastasis of various cancers, including lung cancer, and MUC1 gene length polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to lung cancer and its prognosis. In contrast, the association between rs4072037, a single nucleotide polymorphism in MUC1, and lung cancer has not been well studied. Methods: In the present study, we determined the rs4072037 genotype and measured serum KL-6 levels to evaluate the association between lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and rs4072037 or serum KL-6 levels. DNA samples were available for 172 patients and these were included in the genomic analyses. In addition, 304 patients were included in the serum analyses. Furthermore, 276 healthy volunteers were included in both genomic and serum analyses. Results: The rs4072037 genotype was not associated with susceptibility to lung ADC or its prognosis. Interestingly, serum KL-6 levels significantly differed according to rs4072037 genotype in those with T1 or T2 (P < 0.001), N0 or N1 (P = 0.002) and M0 (P < 0.001), but not in those with T3 or T4 (P = 0.882), N2 or N3 (P = 0.616) and M1a or M1b (P = 0. 501). Serum KL-6 levels were significantly associated with the presence of lung ADC, as well as with its progression and prognosis, indicating the crucial involvement of KL-6/MUC1 in the development of lung cancer and its progression. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we conclude that rs4072037 does not have a significant impact on the pathogenesis or prognosis of lung ADC, whereas serum KL-6 levels, which might reflecting the molecular length of MUC1, are significantly associated with lung ADC.
Designing Value : Design Protection and the Market Value of Firms

We provide the first longitudinal study of the impact of design protection on the market value of firms by using data on both Swedish national and European design rights 2003-2013. We furthermore analyse design protection together with patents, research and development and trademarks. Using nonlinear least-squares estimation, we show that design protection is positively related to the market value of firms. The effect is similar in size to patents and research and development. The use of design protection is concentrated to manufacturing industries, but is not as linearly related to firm size as patents. The results of the study show that in general, financial markets tend to reward companies who invest in design protection. Designing Value: Design Protection and the Market Value of Firms∗
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Dissecting deep learning networks Visualizing mutual information

Deep Learning (DL) networks are recent revolutionary developments in artificial intelligence research. Typical networks are stacked by groups of layers that are further composed of many convolutional kernels or neurons. In network design, many hyper-parameters need to be defined heuristically before training in order to achieve high cross-validation accuracies. However, accuracy evaluation from the output layer alone is not sufficient to specify the roles of the hidden units in associated networks. This results in a significant knowledge gap between DL’s wider applications and its limited theoretical understanding. To narrow the knowledge gap, our study explores visualization techniques to illustrate the mutual information (MI) in DL networks. The MI is a theoretical measurement, reflecting the relationship between two sets of random variables even if their relationship is highly non-linear and hidden in high-dimensional data. Our study aims to understand the roles of DL units in classification performance of the networks. Via a series of experiments using several popular DL networks, it shows that the visualization of MI and its change patterns between the input/output with the hidden layers and basic units can facilitate a better understanding of these DL units’ roles. Our investigation on network convergence suggests a more objective manner to potentially evaluate DL networks. Furthermore, the visualization provides a useful tool to gain insights into the network performance, and thus to potentially facilitate the design of better network architectures by identifying redundancy and less-effective network units.