Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Honeybees generalize among pollen scents from plants flowering in the same seasonal period

ABSTRACT When honey bees (Apis mellifera) feed on flowers, they extend their proboscis to absorb the nectar, i.e. they perform the proboscis extension response (PER). The presence of pollen and/or nectar can be associated with odors, colors or visual patterns, which allows honey bees to recognize food sources in the environment. Honey bees can associate similar, though different, stimuli with the presence of food; i.e. honey bees discriminate and generalize among stimuli. Here, we evaluated generalization among pollen scents from six different plant species. Experiments were based on the PER conditioning protocol over two phases: (1) conditioning, in which honey bees associated the scent of each pollen type with sucrose, and (2) test, in which honey bees were presented with a novel scent, to evaluate generalization. Generalization was evinced by honey bees extending their proboscis to a novel scent. The level of PER increased over the course of the conditioning phase for all pollen scents. Honey bees generalized pollen from Pyracantha coccinea and from Hypochaeris radicata. These two plants have different amounts of protein and are not taxonomically related. We observed that the flowering period influences the olfactory perceptual similarity and we suggest that both pollen types may share volatile compounds that play key roles in perception. Our results highlight the importance of analyzing the implications of the generalization between pollen types of different nutritional quality. Such studies could provide valuable information for beekeepers and agricultural producers, as the generalization of a higher quality pollen can benefit hive development, and increase pollination and honey production. Summary: The proboscis extension response of honey bees was conditioned using different pollen scents, then tested with novel pollen scents. Honey bees generalized the pollen scents from plants that share the same flowering period.
I'm tired of listening: The effects of supervisor appraisals of group voice on supervisor emotional exhaustion and performance.

Employee voice, or speaking up with constructive expressions in the workplace, is beneficial to organizations as it is often a catalyst for positive change. Despite its benefits, voice may have mixed implications for supervisors who are frequently the targets of group members' ideas or concerns. We draw on the transactional theory of stress to examine the positive and negative effects of group promotive and prohibitive voice on supervisor emotional exhaustion and performance. Specifically, we theorize and find that supervisors appraise group promotive voice as fostering their well-being and personal growth (i.e., challenge appraisal) and, conversely, appraise group prohibitive voice as inhibiting their well-being and personal growth (i.e., hindrance appraisal). These appraisals, in turn, influence supervisors' emotional exhaustion and performance. Furthermore, we investigate a supervisor's personal sense of power as a boundary condition that influences the effects of group voice on supervisor appraisals of group voice and subsequent emotional exhaustion and performance. We test our model using a multiwave field sample design (Study 1) and an in-person experimental design (Study 2). Across these 2 studies, we find negative indirect effects of group promotive voice on supervisor emotional exhaustion through challenge appraisals of group voice and positive indirect effects of group prohibitive voice on supervisor emotional exhaustion through hindrance appraisals of group voice as well as conditional indirect effects of supervisors' personal sense of power. Our model offers novel insights into supervisors' appraisals of group voice and the implications for their emotional exhaustion and performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Nicotine smoking concentrations modulate GABAergic synaptic transmission in murine medial prefrontal cortex by activation of α7* and β2* nicotinic receptors

Nicotine is the major addictive component of cigarettes, reaching a brain concentration of ~300 nM during smoking of a single cigarette. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mechanisms underlying temporary changes of working memory during smoking are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether 300 nM nicotine modulates γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic synaptic transmission from pyramidal neurons of the output layer (V) of the murine medial PFC. We used patch clamp in vitro recording from C57BL/6 mice in the whole‐cell configuration to investigate the effect of nicotine on pharmacologically isolated GABAergic postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in the absence or presence of methyllycaconitine (MLA) or dihydro‐β‐erythroidine (DHβE), selective antagonists of α7‐ and β2‐containing (α7* and β2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), respectively. Our results indicated that nicotine, alone or in the presence of MLA, decreases electrically evoked IPSC (eIPSC) amplitude, whereas in the presence of DHβE, nicotine elicited either an eIPSCs amplitude increase or a decrease. In the presence of DHβE, nicotine increased membrane conductance leaving the paired pulse ratio unchanged in all conditions, suggesting a non‐β2* mediated effect. In the presence of MLA, nicotine decreased the mean spontaneous IPSC (sIPSC) frequency but increased their rise time, suggesting a non‐α7* AChR‐mediated synaptic modulation. Also, in the presence of DHβE, nicotine decreased both eIPSC rise and decay times. No receptors other than α7* and β2* appear to be involved in the nicotine effect. Our results indicate that nicotine smoking concentrations modulate GABAergic synaptic currents through mixed pre‐ and post‐synaptic mechanisms by activation of α7* and β2* AChRs.
miR‐4510 blocks hepatocellular carcinoma development through RAF1 targeting and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signalling inactivation

Therapeutic outcomes using the multikinase inhibitors, sorafenib and regorafenib, remain unsatisfactory for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, new drug modalities are needed. We recently reported the remarkable capacity of miR‐4510 to impede the growth of HCC and hepatoblastoma through Glypican‐3 (GPC3) targeting and Wnt pathway inactivation.
Changes in radiographic findings and plantar pressure distribution following forefoot reconstructive surgery for patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate changes in radiographic findings and plantar pressure distribution after rheumatoid forefoot surgery. Methods: This study was performed on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who underwent Swanson implant arthroplasty for the 1st metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint combined with shortening oblique osteotomy at the 2nd through 5th metatarsal necks (group Sw, 55 feet). The following two groups were used as controls: group NS, consisting of 75 feet in RA patients without scheduled forefoot surgery, and group HC, consisting of 24 feet in healthy female subjects. Plantar pressure distribution, and radiographic findings of hallux valgus angle, the angle between the metatarsal bones, talocalcaneal angle, calcaneal pitch angle and calcaneo-first metatarsal angle (CFMA) were measured pre- and one year postoperatively. Peak pressure was measured in nine sections. Results: Calcaneal pitch angle decreased and CFMA increased in group Sw. Peak pressure at the 1st interphalangeal joint (IP) and the 2nd and 3rd MTPs in group Sw decreased, while that at midfoot increased. Conclusion: While the clinical outcome in group Sw was favorable, postoperative longitudinal arch decreased. Postoperative peak pressure at the 2nd through 5th MTPs was comparable with that in group NS; however, it was significantly lower than that in group HC.
A systematic review and thematic synthesis exploring how a previous experience of physical activity influences engagement with cardiac rehabilitation

Background: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is recognised internationally as an effective therapy to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of hospital readmission for individuals diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome. Despite this, half of eligible individuals choose not to engage and the main reason is lack of interest. Furthermore, prior to attending, 40% of eligible individuals report meeting physical activity guidelines. It is unclear whether this influences decisions about engagement. Aims: The aim of this review is to examine systematically qualitative evidence describing patients’ perceptions and experiences, and synthesise what is known about how a previous experience of physical activity in adults diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome influences engagement with physical activity during cardiac rehabilitation. Methods: A systematic review and thematic synthesis was conducted of primary qualitative studies to examine peer-reviewed literature published between1990 and 2017, accessed from database searches of MEDLINE, CINHAL, PsycINFO and Embase. Results: The initial search produced 486 studies, and of these 12 relevant studies were included in this review. Studies included 388 participants from six countries. For previously active individuals, communication factors, self-perceptions of an exercise identity and experience of cardiac rehabilitation influence engagement in physical activity during cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusion: In adults diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, communication post event and during cardiac rehabilitation is a source of self-appraisal and creates expectations of cardiac rehabilitation. In addition, perceptions of an exercise identity and experience of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation influence decisions about engagement. To improve uptake and adherence, health professionals should consider previous physical activity levels and tailor information to optimise physical activity post event.
What cognitive processes are "sluggish" in sluggish cognitive tempo?

OBJECTIVE Sluggish cognitive tempo refers to a constellation of symptoms that include slowed behavior/thinking, reduced alertness, and getting lost in one's thoughts. Despite the moniker "sluggish cognitive tempo," the evidence is mixed regarding the extent to which it is associated globally with slowed (sluggish) mental (cognitive) information processing speed (tempo). METHOD A well-characterized clinical sample of 132 children ages 8-13 years (M = 10.34, SD = 1.51; 47 girls; 67% White/non-Hispanic) were administered multiple, counterbalanced neurocognitive tests and assessed for sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms via multiple-informant reports. RESULTS Bayesian linear regressions revealed significant evidence against associations between sluggish cognitive tempo and computationally modeled processing speed (BF01 > 3.70), and significant evidence for associations with slower working memory manipulation speed. These findings were consistent across parent and teacher models, with and without control for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive symptoms and IQ. There was also significant evidence linking faster inhibition speed with higher parent-reported sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide strong evidence against characterizing children with sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms as possessing a globally sluggish cognitive tempo. Instead, these symptoms appear to be related, to a significant extent, to executive dysfunction characterized by working memory systems that are too slow and inhibition systems that are too fast. Behaviorally, these findings suggest that requiring extra time to rearrange the active contents of working memory delays responding, whereas an overactive inhibition system likely terminates thoughts too quickly and therefore prevents intended behaviors from starting or completing, thereby giving the appearance that children are absent-minded or failing to act when expected. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Temporal trends from 1981 to 2013 of 28 per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in liver tissue of cod (Gadus morhua) sampled near southeast Gotland, in the Baltic Sea. A total of 10 PFASs were detected, with ∑28PFAS geometric mean concentrations ranging from 6.03 to 23.9 ng/gww. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant PFAS, which increased at a rate of 3.4% per year. Most long‐chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids increased at rates of 3.9 to 7.3% per year except for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), which did not change significantly over time. The perfluoroalkyl acid precursors perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid were detected, of which the former (FOSA) declined at a rate of –4.4% per year, possibly reflecting its phase‐out starting in 2000. An alternate time trend analysis from 2000 to 2013 produced slightly different results, with most compounds increasing at slower rates compared to the entire study period. An exception was perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), increasing at a faster rate of 3.7% measured from 2000 on, compared to the 3.0% per year measured starting from 1981. Analysis of the total fluorine content of the samples revealed large amounts of unidentified fluorine; however, its composition (organic or inorganic) remains unclear. Significant negative correlations were found between concentrations of individual PFASs (with the exception of PFOS) and liver somatic index. In addition, body length was negatively correlated with PFOA and perfluorononanoate, but positively correlated with perfluorododecanoate (PFDoDA) and FOSA. Additional studies on endocrine, immunological, and metabolic effects of PFAS in marine fish are essential to assess the environmental risk of these substances. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:300–309. © 2019 The
Rosai-Dorfman Disease with Systemic Multiple Involvement: A Case Report.

Journal Compilation © 2020 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3336 1https://www.medicaljournals. se/acta/content/abstract/10.2340/00015555-3336 Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an uncommon, benign non-Langerhans’ cell histiocytic disorder, typically involving bilateral painless cervical lymphadenopathy. RDD only rarely affects extranodal sites, such as the skin, orbit, respiratory tract, central nervous system and soft tissues (1). RDD occurs most commonly in children or young adults, with no obvious difference according to sex. With no specific laboratory data, diagnosis of RDD is usually based on pathology, characterized by proliferation of histiocytes (S-100 and CD68-positive, CD1a-negative) evidently displaying phagocytosis, an inflammatory setting of lymphocytes, and a mass of plasma cells. We report here a rare case of a patient with RDD with combined bilateral macular damage and systemic extensive skin lesions, accompanied by elevated interleukin (IL)-6 in the blood.
Erratum: XBP1S Regulates MUC5B in a Promoter Variant–Dependent Pathway in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Airway Epithelia

1. Lee HS, Kee SJ, Shin JH, Kwon YS, Chun S, Lee JH, et al. Xpert MTB/RIF assay as a substitute for smear microscopy in an intermediate-burden setting. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;199: 784–794. 2. Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, Catanzaro A, Daley C, Gordin F, et al.; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175: 367–416. [Published erratum appears in Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175:744–745. ] 3. Kwon YS, Koh WJ, Daley CL. Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2019;82:15–26. 4. Philley JV, DeGroote MA, Honda JR, Chan MM, Kasperbauer S, Walter ND, et al. Treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis 2016;8:275–296. 5. Friedrich SO, Rachow A, Saathoff E, Singh K, Mangu CD, Dawson R, et al.; Pan African Consortium for the Evaluation of Anti-tuberculosis Antibiotics (PanACEA). Assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay as an early sputum biomarker of response to tuberculosis treatment. Lancet Respir Med 2013;1:462–470. 6. Sali M, De Maio F, Caccuri F, Campilongo F, Sanguinetti M, Fiorentini S, et al. Multicenter evaluation of Anyplex Plus MTB/NTM MDRTB assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and multidrug-resistant isolates in pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2016;54:59–63.
Evaluating the construct validity of the King–Devick test in a psychological outpatient clinical sample

Abstract The King–Devick test (K–D) has demonstrated sensitivity as a screener measure of ocular motor and cognitive problems. Despite its empirical support in the assessment of patients with certain injuries and disorders (e.g., concussion, reading disorders), less is known about the construct validity of the K–D. This study examined this topic in an outpatient, diagnostically heterogeneous clinical sample. A total of 70 individuals seen for an outpatient psychoeducational evaluation completed the K–D in addition to measures of intellectual abilities, speeded reading ability, simple and sustained attention, and executive functioning. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that poorer K–D performance was associated with poorer processing speed, speeded reading ability and response time to target stimuli (r = .26–.31, p < .05). K–D performance was unrelated to other intellectual abilities, other aspects of attention, or executive functioning (all p > .05). Results suggest that the K–D demonstrates good convergent and discriminant validity in a heterogeneous outpatient clinical sample including individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, specific learning disorders, and a number of different depressive and anxiety disorders. Findings support its wider use as a measure of reading ability and processing speed in clinical contexts.
Feasibility of using Determine TB-LAM to diagnose tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients in programmatic conditions: a multisite study

ABSTRACT Background: Determine TB-LAM is a urine-based point-of-care assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Objective: To assess the feasibility of using LAM to diagnose TB in adult HIV-positive patients in resource-limited settings. Methods: We performed a multi-centric mixed-methods cross-sectional descriptive study in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, and Mozambique. We used the study and program monitoring tools to estimate user workload, turn-around time (TAT), and proportion of patients with LAM and sputum-based results. We conducted semi-structured interviews to assess the user acceptability of the LAM. Results: The duration of the LAM testing activity per patient was 27 min (IQR 26–29); staff continued with other duties whilst waiting for the result. More patients had a LAM versus a sputum-based result: 168/213 (78.9%) vs 77/213 (36.1%), p < 0.001 in DRC; 691/695 (99.4%) vs 429/695 (61.7%), p < 0.001 in Malawi; and 646/647 (99.8%) vs 262/647 (40.5%), p < 0.001 in Mozambique. The median TAT in minutes when LAM was performed in the consultation room was 75 (IQR 45–188) in DRC, 29 (IQR 27–39) in Malawi, and 36 (IQR 35–41) in Mozambique. In comparison, the overall median TAT for sputum-based tests (smear or GeneXpert) was 2 (IQR 1–3) days. The median time to the first anti-TB drug dose for LAM-positive patients was 155 (IQR 90–504) minutes in DRC and 90 (IQR 60–117) minutes in Mozambique. The overall inter-reader agreement for the interpretation of the LAM result as positive or negative was 98.9%, kappa 0.97 (95%CI 0.96–0.99). Overall, LAM users found the test easy to perform. Major concerns were use of the reading card and the prior requirement of CD4 results before LAM testing. Conclusion: It is feasible to implement the LAM test in low resource settings. The short TAT permitted same day initiation of TB treatment for LAM-positive patients.
Influences of added sugar consumption in adults with type 2 diabetes risk: A principle-based concept analysis.

AIM The aim of this study is to describe the concept added sugar in the context of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in adults. BACKGROUND Dietary added sugars are associated with a greater risk for T2D; however, it is unclear if added sugars influence T2D risk directly or if their effects are mediated by excess caloric intake and weight gain. DESIGN A principle-based concept analysis following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted to clarify the concept of added sugar. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Embase. Multidisciplinary, empirical evidence was appraised using four guiding principles outlined by the principle-based concept analysis method. RESULTS Thirty-five publications were included in this concept analysis. The concept, added sugar in the context of T2D risk, was found to be epistemologically immature and lacked conceptual clarity. CONCLUSIONS Added sugar is an immature concept warranting further refinement for conceptual advancement. To enhance conceptual clarity, the term "added sugar" should be used consistently in the scientific literature when discussing foods or beverages containing added sugars or caloric sweeteners. A clearer delineation of added sugar and its association with T2D risk in adults is critical to advance this concept within the scientific literature.
Xen gel stent occlusion with iris pigment epithelium

directed to examine the entire course of this slender nerve. The majority of affected patients are oligosymptomatic with diplopia only and can be observed with serial contrastenhanced MRIs coupled with symptomatic management such as prism glasses or strabismus surgery. It is important to periodically monitor these patients as there is a potential for haemorrhage or growth resulting in brainstem compression. Concerning symptoms include sensory changes, paresis, ataxia and other cranial nerve palsies. Surgical resection is almost always associated with persistence or worsening of superior oblique weakness and carries the risk of stroke, intracranial haemorrhage and damage to surrounding cranial nerves. Therefore, surgery is not recommended as initial treatment of an isolated CNIV schwannoma, but may be necessary if the tumour rapidly enlarges causing mass effect. In slowly progressive cases, radiotherapy may be considered as an alternative treatment modality. In particular, gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery has recently delivered promising results with small case series reporting reduced tumour volume and improvement of diplopia. This is the longest published follow-up period for a presumed CNIV schwannoma, demonstrating its typical extremely slow-growing nature. Clinical and radiologic observation is favoured over neurosurgical intervention in such cases.