Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic method for the estimation of earthquake source parameters from spectral inversion: application to the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence

We develop a probabilistic framework based on the conjunction of states of information between data and model, to jointly retrieve earthquake source parameters and anelastic attenuation factor from inversion of displacement amplitude spectra. The evaluation of the joint probability density functions (PDFs) enables us to take into account between-parameter correlations in the final estimates of the parameters and related uncertainties. Following this approach, we first search for the maximum of the a-posteriori PDF through the basin hopping technique that couples a global exploration built on a Markov chain with a local deterministic maximization. Then we compute statistical indicators (mean, variance and correlation coefficients) on source parameters and anelastic attenuation through integration of the PDF in the vicinity of the maximum likelihood solution. Definition of quality criteria based on the signal to noise ratio and the similarity of the marginal PDFs with a Gaussian function enable us to define the frequency domain for the inversion and to get rid of unconstrained solutions. We perform synthetic tests to assess theoretical correlations as a function of the signal to noise ratio and to define the minimum bandwidth around the corner frequency for consistent parameter resolution. As an application, we finally estimate the source parameters for the 2016-2017 Central Italy seismic sequence. We found that the classical scaling between the seismic moment and the corner frequency holds, with an average stress drop of $\Delta\sigma$ = 2.1 +- 0.3 MPa. However, the main events in the sequence exhibit a stress drop larger than the average value. Finally, the small seismic efficiency indicates a stress overshoot, possibly due to dynamic effects or large frictional efficiency.
States of Welfare: A Conceptual Challenge

A major problem hindering rigorous analysis in social policy is the diverse and imprecise meanings attached to the term "welfare state". In widespread usage the term has become emptied of all explanatory meaning and is used as a synonym for modern industrial states, all of which provide welfare for some of their inhabitants. The converse of the term (what modern industrial state is not a welfare state? ) is rarely if ever addressed. In an attempt to encourage debate on the development of productive theory, the paper therefore discusses issues surrounding a discriminating definition of "welfare states" and points to former assumptions that they "ensure a minimum real income for all", to distinguish them from unwelfare states which benefit some but not all. It suggests a research agenda to provide empirical data which would enable welfare states to be identified and classified in terms of the effectiveness of their policies and provisions.
Effects of L-Carnitine and Ginkgo Biloba on Spleen in Experimentally-Induced Epileptic Seizures Disease in Rats

Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model is playing important role to understand the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures and leading to a theory in which a repeated injection of PTZ causes seizure gradually. It is used widely in antiepileptic drug studies. The current study aimed to determine the possible protective and ameliorative effects of L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extracts (GLE) on spleen against PTZ induced epileptic seizures disease in rats. A total of 80 male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups; 1st group was the control; 2nd and 3rd were GLE and L-carnitine groups, respectively; while the 4th group was pentylenetetrazole rat group and the 5th and 6th groups were pre GLE and L-carnitine groups respectively; the 7th and 8th groups were post GLE and L-carnitine, respectively. PTZ leads to an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) and to a decrease in Glutathione Reductase (GSH), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase activity (GPX) and catalase. Marked disruption of spleen structure and loss in distinction between the white and red pulps, a marked decrease in the lymphocyte population in the white pulp. In the spleen sections in PTZ group. Faint or mild positive reactions of PCNA-ir were detected in spleen of PTZ rat group. Preand post treatment with GLE and L-carnitine were improved the biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical alterations in spleen that treated with PTZ.
Glimpses of MDA Compliance Survey in North 24 PGNS of West Bengal

Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in India. Since 2004, India adopted WHO’s strategy of Mass Drug Administration with DEC and Albendazole to eliminate filariasis. Aims and Objectives: To assess the coverage and compliance of MDA , to document the side effects reported and to identify the factors for non-compliance to MDA. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the fourrandomly-selected clusters in the district of North 24-Paraganas , West Bengal, India, covering 558 individualsfrom 128 households, using a predesigned pretested schedule. Result and Conclusion: MDA Coverages of both DEC and Albendazole in two Rural and two Urban clusters were97.9%, 95.1%, 98.1% and 27.5% respectively, with overall coverage being 81.9%. The effective coverage was estimated to be 70.7% which is below the cut-off level (≥85 percent) for the programme requirement. 17.9% surveyed household did not receive any drug. These percentages were highest in one of the urban clusters and lowest in both the rural clusters. Non Complianthouseholds were mostly Hindus andwere higher in higher Socio Economic Groups and more educated families. There wereonly 2.3 % of the study subjects who had developed at leastone adverse effectafter consumptionand amongst which nausea and drowsiness were most common.
Laser Stimulation of Nei-guan Acupuncture Point as an Adjunct Modality to Conventional Antiemetics in Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Nausea and to a lesser extent vomiting remain significant clinical problems after the administration of chemotherapy, with up to 60 % of patients reporting nausea despite use of antiemetics. Combining antiemetics with other nonpharmacological treatment may prove to be more effective in decreasing nausea than antiemetics alone. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using laser stimulation at pericardium 6 (neiguan – p6) acu-point in managing chemotherapy – induced nausea and vomiting. Methods: In this study (across matching controlled trials) the laser stimulation was applied bilaterally on P6 for five consecutive days after chemotherapy in ten patients who received chemotherapy. Another ten patients were standing as control group. On the second cycle of chemotherapy, the assigned of groups were reversed. The Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching (INVR) was used daily to evaluate signs and symptoms for both groups throughout the study (five days). Results: It was found that nausea, vomiting, retching (experience, occurrence and distress) were all significantly lower in the studied group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Results highlight the important role of safe and convenient nonpharmacological complementary therapies such as laser stimulation in the management of the complex symptoms of chemotherapyrelated nausea and vomiting.
The Micro and Macro of Managerial Beliefs

This paper studies how biases in managerial beliefs affect managerial decisions, firm performance, and the macroeconomy. Using a new survey of US managers I establish three facts. (1) Managers are not over-optimistic: sales growth forecasts on average do not exceed realizations. (2) Managers are overprecise (overconfident): they underestimate future sales growth volatility. (3) Managers overextrapolate: their forecasts are too optimistic after positive shocks and too pessimistic after negative shocks. I quantify the implications of these facts by estimating a dynamic general equilibrium model in which managers of heterogeneous firms use a subjective beliefs process to make forward-looking hiring decisions. Overprecision and overextrapolation lead managers to overreact to firm-level shocks and overspend on adjustment costs, destroying 2.1 to 6.8 percent of the typical firm’s value. Pervasive overreaction leads to excess volatility and reallocation, lowering consumer welfare by 0.5 to 2.3 percent relative to the rational expectations equilibrium. These findings suggest overreaction may amplify asset-price and business cycle fluctuations.
Digital Video Forgery Detection and Authentication Technique - A Review

Digital video is very important in day to day life. It is important in multimedia data for creating, processing, transmitting and storing digital information in many forms like image, audio, and video. The invention of video editing technology, video are used in a wide spread. Digital video is useful in education, medical treatment, and various another field. Unauthorized alteration or modification is done by an attacker to maliciously forge a video sequence for video forensic e.g. Frames are repeated, cropping the frame, copying the frame, deleting the frame. In this paper present review of several video forgery detection methods, those are used to find whether the video is real or fake and video authentication technique.
Social Network Structure and Economic Performance : Theory and Evidence ∗

Based on a novel computational multi-agent model, we identify the key mechanisms allowing the social network structure, summarized by four key social capital dimensions (network degree, centrality, bridging and bonding social capital), to affect individuals’ social trust, willingness to cooperate, economic performance and social utility. We then trace how the individual-level outcomes aggregate up to the society level. The model setup draws from the associated socio-economic theory and empirical findings for the Polish society following from our novel survey dataset. Model implications, summarized by aggregate-level comparative statics and individual-level correlations, are derived following a systematic simulation design. They are in agreement with the available cross-country data as well as provide intuitive additional implications (which cannot be tested yet due to insufficient data).
The Role of H3O+ in the Crystal Structure of Illite

In spite of decades of research on the subject, the crystal structure of illite is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to address this problem by investigating the nature of the interlayer content in illite IMt-2 from Silver Hill, Montana, using analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM), thermogravimetry (TG), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses. The ATEM data, together with literature and TG results, yielded the formula K0.70a0. 01(H2O)0.42 (Al1.53Fe2+0.06Fe3+0.19Mg0.28)Σ−2.06(Si3.44Al0.56)O10(OH)2 or, assuming the presence of H3O+, K0.69Na0. 01(H3O)+0.28(Al1.47Fe2+0.06Fe3+0.19Mg0.28)Σ−1.99(Si3.40Al0.60)O10(OH)2. The first formula indicates surplus interlayer and octahedral species, whereas the second shows no excess. The XRPD data were refined by Rietveld techniques, down to an Rp factor of 10.48–13.8%. The mineral composition consists largely of illite-2M1, illite-1M, and minor quartz. Although the refinement accuracy is limited by the intrinsic poor quality diffraction of the illites, the partially refined model is consistent with the chemical composition; in particular, attempts to introduce octahedral cations in excess of 2 were fruitless. All the results support the simple structural model, by which the illite structure strictly corresponds to a dioctahedral mica with H3O+ replacing K. As a consequence, the crystalchemical formula of illites should be calculated on the basis of six tetrahedral plus octahedral cations.
Discrete capacity choice problems in repeated and scaled investment

Most previous studies on real options are confined to the realm of continuous modelling while more practical discrete models are restricted by the methodology of solutions. This thesis applies the discount factor methodology to solve two scaling capacity choice problems: one is the scaling capacity expansions without switching options raised from Dxit and Pindyck (1994) and the other one is the case adding switching opportunities raised from Pindyck (1988). We respectively establish two discrete models for these two problems and examine their convergence to the continuous case by narrowing the discrete intervals. We verify with analytical inference and numerical results that the discrete models are soundly consistent with the continuous models, supporting the validity of the discount factor methodology.
Validity of Progress Testing in Healthcare Education

Progress testing is a novel form of assessment introduced fairly recently in the field of medical and healthcare education. It is a comprehensive test which assesses knowledge across all the content areas of medicine reflecting the end objectives of the curriculum. It offers several advantages compared to traditional assessments. All assessments in the field of education need to be valid and fit for purpose. Test validity is the extent to which a test accurately measures what it purports to measure. The aim of this review is to discuss the validity evidence of this modern medical knowledge assessment. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using several medical and educational databases (Medline via EBSCO, British Educational Index, Dentistry and Oral Science Source, Education abstracts and ERIC). Forty four (44) relevant papers were retrieved from the above search. Content validity is assured by a carefully designed blueprint, high quality items written by content experts and reviewed for quality control. Feedback from and to the students, supports the response process of the validity of the test whilst comprehensive psychometric characteristics of the test provide even further internal structure-related evidence. The construct validity is supported by the increase of the mean scores of the test according to the year and the relationship to other relevant tests and licensing examinations. The validity of progress testing seems to be supported by several sources of evidence. However, ongoing training, recourses investment and high commitment is required on behalf of the involved institutions to sustain the high reliability and validity of the test.
THE INFLUENCE OF PH AND ADSORBENT CONCENTRATION ON ADSORPTION OF LEAD AND ZINC ON A NATURAL GOETHITE

Adsorption characteristics of Pb and Cd were conducted on a natural goethite from Kaduna (Niperia) and compared same with a synthetic goethite. The adsorption data was fitted into Langmuir model which gave Langmuir constants k and X m for Pb and Cd as 4.99 & 2.40 and 1.43 & 1.05 respectively. The adsorption behavior was essentially the same, although, synthetic goethite sorbed a little more metal ion than the natural goethite. This was attributed to the higher proportion of goethite in synthetic than natural goethite per unit mass of sample rather than greater chemical reactivity of the synthetic goethite. The influence of variable pH and adsorbent concentrations on the sorption of Pb and Cd by the natural goethite was studied. Sorption efficiency was greatly governed by pH with nearly 100% adsorption of Pb occurring at initial pH of 5. Generally, Pb was sorbed more strongly with increasing pH from 3 to 5 than Cd and thus poses less environmental threat. Efficient removal of Pb was achieved at lower dose of goethite, as there was no appreciable increase in the amount of Pb adsorbed when the adsorbent dose was increased.
Hypersonic Technology Developments with EU Co-Funded Projects

Abstract : Through the well-known framework contracts, the EU is continuously supporting innovative technologies that might facilitate a step change required for air transport in the second half of this century and beyond. One of these goals is assessing high-speed flight transportation and its related technologies which are explored in LAPCAT and ATLLAS both being co-funded by the EC. Recently, they have been successfully extended towards a 2nd phase within the 7th Framework Programme. Whereas LAPCAT focuses on high-speed propulsion and aerothermodynamics, ATLLAS addresses rather the need for light-weight and high-temperature resistant materials. The present paper summarizes the objectives and the achievements for each of these projects. The definitions and requirements for the different technologies enabling the design, construction and manufacturing of these vehicles and their sub-systems are driven by new conceptual designs which are carried out in each of them. This assures testing and evaluations at realistic conditions
Industrial policy for a European industrial renaissance . A few reflections 1

This paper raises and attempts to address three questions that add to the recent debate on industrial policies to promote a European “industrial renaissance”. We ask (i) What type of de-industrialisation represents a threat for Europe? (ii) What type of structural change can industrial policy steer in a context of increasing international fragmentation of production, both across European countries and worldwide? (iii) What type of industrial policy shall we advocate, that goes beyond the manufacturing sectors? With no pretence to provide all the answers or yet another wish list of policy tools, we argue that we are “doomed to choose” (Hausmann and Rodrik, 2006) what type of structural transformation is Europe in need of, in a context of harsher global competition from the emerging countries; of staggering income polarisation within Europe itself; of relentless international fragmentation of production processes. First, we claim that industrial policy should target sectors and segments of value chains that support the manufacturing sector and not necessarily represent a hollowing out of the industrial base. Second, industrial policy should target structural transformation alongside large “missions” and learn from classical debates on industrialisationled development. Interventions should therefore go beyond the traditional vertical versus horizontal tools distinction and complement a “mission-oriented” plea with other tools, to avoid yet another “one size fits all” approach.
Local isotropy in turbulent boundary layers at high Reynolds number

To test the local-isotropy predictions of Kolmogorov's universal equilibrium theory, we have taken hot-wire measurements of the velocity fluctuations in the test-section-ceiling boundary layer of the 80×120 foot Full-Scale Aerodynamics Facility at NASA Ames Research Center, the world's largest wind tunnel. The maximum Reynolds numbers based on momentum thickness, R θ , and on Taylor microscale, R λ , were approximately 370 000 and 1450 respectively. These are the largest ever attained in laboratory boundary-layer flows. The boundary layer develops over a rough surface, but the Reynolds-stress profiles agree with canonical data sufficiently well for present purposes
The size of AB Doradus A from VLTI/AMBER interferometry

The pre-main sequence (PMS) star AB Dor A is the main component of the quadruple system AB Doradus. The precise determination of the mass and photometry of the close companion to AB Dor A, AB Dor C, has provided an important benchmark for calibration of theoretical evolutionary models of low-mass stars. The limiting factor to the precision of this calibration is the age of the system, as both the mass and luminosity of AB Dor A and C are well monitored by other ongoing programs. In this paper we present VLTI/AMBER observations of AB Dor A which provide a direct measurement of the size of this star, 0.96 ± 0.06R� . The latter estimate, combined with other fundamental parameters also measured for this star, allows a precise test of PMS evolutionary models using both H-R diagrams and mass-radius relationships. We have found that our radius measurement is larger than that predicted by the models, which we interpret as an evidence of the oversizing produced by the strong magnetic activity of AB Dor A. Considering, at least partially, this magnetic effect, theoretical isochrones have been used to derive constraints to the age of AB Dor A, favouring an age about 40–50 Myr for this system. Older ages are not completely excluded by our data.
The Market for Corporate Control: The Empirical Evidence Since 1980

C orporate takeovers have been very big business in the 1980s. The Office of the Chief Economist (OCE) of the Securities and Exchange Commission estimates that shareholders of target firms in successful tender offers from 1981 through 1986 received payments in excess of $54 billion over the value of their holdings before the tender offers. Almost $38 billion of the total was received after 1984. If we include the increased wealth of target firm shareholders resulting from leveraged buyouts, mergers, and corporate restructurings (prompted in large part by the threat of takeovers) these numbers are even larger. W. T. Grimm & Co. collects similar data for a larger sample of change-of-control transactions, including mergers and leveraged buyouts. They estimate that from 1981 to 1986 the total dollar value of the premiums over the pre-announcement price paid for securities involved in change-of-control transactions was $118.4 billion.1 Corporate restructurings have created even more
ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF A GAP AND A RING IN THE PROTOPLANETARY DISK AROUND TW HYA

We report the first detection of a gap and a ring in 336 GHz dust continuum emission from the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). The gap and ring are located at around 25 and 41 au from the central star, respectively, and are associated with the CO snow line at ∼30 au. The gap has a radial width of less than 15 au and a mass deficit of more than 23%, taking into account that the observations are limited to an angular resolution of ∼15 au. In addition, the 13CO and C18O J = 3 − 2 ? > lines show a decrement in CO line emission throughout the disk, down to ∼10 au, indicating a freeze-out of gas-phase CO onto grain surfaces and possible subsequent surface reactions to form larger molecules. The observed gap could be caused by gravitational interaction between the disk gas and a planet with a mass less than super-Neptune (2 M Neptune ? > ), or could be the result of the destruction of large dust aggregates due to the sintering of CO ice.
Differential geometry of time-dependent $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum mechanics

Time-dependent $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum mechanics is featured by a varying inner-product metric and has stimulated a number of interesting studies beyond conventional quantum mechanics. In this paper, we explore geometric aspects of time-dependent $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum mechanics. We not only find a geometric phase factor emerging naturally from cyclic evolutions of $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric systems, but also formulate a series of differential geometry concepts, including connection, curvature, parallel transport, metric tensor, and quantum geometric tensor. Our findings constitute a useful, perhaps indispensible, tool to tackle physical problems involving $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric systems with time-varying system's parameters. To exemplify the application of our findings, we show that the unconventional geometrical phase [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 187902 (2003)], consisting of a geometric phase and a dynamical phase proportional to the geometric phase, can be expressed as a single geometric phase identified in this work.