Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxicological Evaluation of Dietary Garlic (Allium sativum) Powder in European Sea Bass Dicentrarchuslabrax Juveniles

The effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) powder as a feed additive on hematological and biochemical health characteristics of European Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles were studied. Experimental fish were fed diets supplemented with garlic powder at 0 (control), 2%, 4%, or 6% levels for a period of 60 days. Results showed that the red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (%), and mean corpuscular Hb in fish fed garlic powder diets at dietary inclusion levels of 4% and 6%, were significantly lower than the control values. Serum glucose was significantly lower in Sea bass that were fed garlic powder diets (4% and 6%) compared to the control group. Serum triglyceride and globulin levels in fish fed a 4% garlic powder diet were significantly higher than the control values, whereas these two variables in the 2% and 6% garlic treatments were similar to the control values. The cholesterol levels in the 2% and 6% treatment groups were lower than the value recorded for the control group. As a result, it is suggested that garlic powder supplementation in diets for Sea bass juveniles should not exceed 2%. The present study is the first attempt to examine the effects of dietary garlic powder on the hematological and biochemical status in Sea bass juveniles.
Nonstoichiometry and stability in water of undoped SrCeO3

La fase SrCeO3 da origen a una importante familia de perovskitas conductoras protonicas con potenciales aplicaciones tecnologicas. En este trabajo se estudia la formacion de la fase y la estructura de SrCeO3 con la relacion Sr:Ce no estequiometrica para la serie Sr1±xCeO3±a (0.98 iU x iU 1.04). Los analisis por microsonda (EPMA) y difraccion de rayos X (DRX) indican que en las muestras sinterizadas a 1350°C, la fase principal es rica en estroncio para todo valor de x. Se discute la posible ubicacion del exceso de SrO tanto en la region intergranular como en el propio grano. Tambien se examina la estabilidad de la composicion con estequiometria nominal SrCeO3 en una atmosfera con una alta presion de vapor de agua (pH2O), observandose que la degradacion a Sr(OH)2.H2O y CeO2 ocurre a pH2O iÝ 3.6atm (expuesto durante 2 horas).
Enriching diets for childhood mental and physical development

Malnutrition is a public health problem in South Africa, especially among rural black children. Intakes below 67% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) are common for calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, C, D, E, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B6. Key nutrients for growth and development include calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, folate and other B-vitamins. Calcium is essential for bone mineralisation during the adolescent growth spurt. Iron deficiency is associated with impaired growth, delayed psychomotor development and impaired immunity. Zinc is associated with normal growth, bone mineralisation and neuropsychological function. Vitamin A is essential for normal growth, eyesight and immunity. Folate is necessary for the development of new cells, especially during phases of accelerated growth. Other B-vitamins are linked to a variety of behavioural and cognitive outcomes. Factors compromising the nutritional status of children include amongst others, an inadequate nutrient intake due to poverty, inadequate nutrition education, diarrhoeal diseases, teenage dieting and allergies. To ensure optimal growth and development, strict diets should be discouraged and sound meal patterns should be encouraged, including starting the day with breakfast, and eating a variety of foods to ensure adequate intakes of nutrients and fibre. Regular physical activity promotes a healthy body weight and normal bone mineralisation.
Categorization of Activities of Daily Living of Lower Limb Amputees During Short-Term Use of a Portable Kinetic Recording System: A Preliminary Study

The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine the relevance of the categorization of the load regime data to assess the functional output and usage of the prosthesis of lower limb amputees. The objectives were a) to introduce a categorization of load regime, b) to present some descriptors of each activity, and c) to report the results for a case. The load applied on the osseointegrated fixation of one transfemoral amputee was recorded using a portable kinetic system for 5 hours. The periods of directional locomotion, localized locomotion, and stationary loading occurred 44%, 34%, and 22% of recording time and each accounted for 51%, 38%, and 12% of the duration of the periods of activity, respectively. The absolute maximum force during directional locomotion, localized locomotion, and stationary loading was 19%, 15%, and 8% of the body weight on the anteroposterior axis, 20%, 19%, and 12% on the mediolateral axis, and 121%, 106%, and 99% on the long axis. A total of 2,783 gait cycles were recorded. Approximately 10% more gait cycles and 50% more of the total impulse than conventional analyses were identified. The proposed categorization and apparatus have the potential to complement conventional instruments, particularly for difficult cases.
Prox-regular functions in variational analysis

The class of prox-regular functions covers all l.s. c. , proper, convex functions, lower-C2 functions and strongly amenable functions, hence a large core of functions of interest in variational analysis and optimization. The subgradient mappings associated with prox-regular functions have unusually rich properties, which are brought to light here through the study of the associated Moreau envelope functions and proximal mappings. Connections are made between second-order epi-derivatives of the functions and proto-derivatives of their subdifferentials. Conditions are identified under which the Moreau envelope functions are convex or strongly convex, even if the given functions are not.
Object- and View-specificity in Agreement: The Case of Embodied Perspective

Children can draw visually realistic objects if they know how to focus on the embedded object contour as shown by the Embedded Figure Test (1-3). However, an object contour is not a useful visual cue for drawing in perspective. Even at age eleven, only a minority of children draw in perspective (4). The current brief review shows what kind of stimulus model is needed to elicit a perspective drawing much earlier than after a protracted stage-wise development. It is demonstrated that when perspective is embodied in the spatial model itself, and object-and view-specificity are in agreement, visual awareness is not required in order to be able to draw in perspective. It is concluded that early perspective mapping can be carried out by normally developing, and not just by highly practised talented or autistic children.
Spatial Labour Market Matching

We analyse the extent to which spatial interactions affect the labour market matching process. We apply spatial econometrics methods, including spatial panel Durbin models, which are rarely used in labour market matching analysis. We use the data on stocks and inflows of unemployed individuals and vacancies registered at public employment offices in Poland. We conduct the analysis at the NUTS-3 and NUTS-4 levels in Poland for the period 2003-2014. We find that (1) spatial interactions affect the matching processes in the labour market; (2) workers commute long distances, and many of these commutes involve crossing only one administrative border; (3) spatial indirect, direct, and total spillover effects determine the scale of outflows from unemployment in the focal and adjacent areas; and (4) spatial modelling is a more appropriate approach than classical modelling for the matching function.
Exploring Cell Intrinsic Factors to Promote Regeneration of Injured Central Nervous System Axons

Author(s): Warsinger-Pepe, Natalie Rose | Abstract: The identification of cell intrinsic factors that enhance the regeneration of central nervous system (CNS) axons is of particular interest for axon growth and functional recovery following traumatic injury to the nervous system. We have taken both an unbiased and hypothesis-driven approach to identify candidate factors that have the potential to enhance the regenerative capacity of injured CNS neurons. Candidates identified by both approaches were analyzed using in vitro and in vivo models to assess their potential in promoting growth of injured axons. In the unbiased approach, multiple datasets derived from whole genome transcriptional profiling of regenerating dorsal root ganglion (DRGs) cells were used to identify a sub-set of transcription factors predicted to be master regulators of regeneration. These candidates were tested for their regenerative potential in vitro in DRGs utilizing lentiviral gene transfer. Using a hypothesis-driven approach, we selected candidate factors based on a known role in axon establishment and growth during development. In this study, we identify a novel role for protein kinase M zeta (PKM-[zeta]) and atypical protein kinase C iota/ lambda (aPKC-[lambda]). These were recently shown to regulate axon specification in developing CNS neurons. Our results suggest that PKM-[zeta] acts as a negative regulator and aPKC-[lambda] functions as a positive regulator of neurite outgrowth in adult DRGs. Complementary in vivo experiments in axon regeneration after optic nerve and dorsal column injury reveal inconclusive data in regards to the role of PKM-[zeta] and aPKC-[lambda] in axon regeneration
CHAPTER 5 Distribution and Mobility of Wealth of Nations

We estimate the empirical bimodal cross-section distribution of real Gross Domestic Product per capita of 120 countries over the period 1960–1989 by a mixture of a Weibull and a truncated normal density. The components of the mixture represent a group of poor and a group of rich countries, while the mixing proportion describes the distribution over poor and rich. This enables us to analyse the development of the mean and variance of both groups separately and the switches of countries between the two groups over time. Empirical evidence indicates that the means of the two groups are diverging in terms of levels, but that the growth rates of the means of the two groups over the period 1960–1989 are the same.
Persuading with narratives against gender violence. Effect of similarity with the protagonist on identification and risk-perception

This study focuses on analysis of the factors that can increase the persuasive effectiveness of information campaigns using narratives. An experiment was carried out in which similarity with the protagonist was manipulated in a video about a victim of gender violence. e protagonist was portrayed as living in Spain, and she was said to be Spanish (high similarity) or Argentinian (low similarity). e participants (75 Spanish women) then filled out a questionnaire with measures about emotional impact, identification with the protagonist, and risk perception about becoming a victim of abuse. Results showed that similarity with the protagonist has an indirect influence on risk perception through negative emotions and identification.
Energy level alignment at the methylammonium lead iodide/copper phthalocyanine interface

The energy level alignment at the CH3NH3PbI3/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) interface is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). XPS reveal a 0.3 eV downward band bending in the CuPc film. UPS validate this finding and further reveal negligible interfacial dipole formation – verifying the viability of vacuum level alignment. The highest occupied molecular orbital of CuPc is found to be closer to the Fermi level than the valance band maximum of CH3NH3PbI3, facilitating hole transfer from CH3NH3PbI3 to CuPc. However, subsequent hole extraction from CuPc may be impeded by the downward band bending in the CuPc layer.
EFFECT OF A HIGH PROTETS DIET ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN RATS by Roxanne

Effect of a High Protein Diet On Glucose Tolerance in Rats by Roxanne Mary Sanchez Dr. John C. Young, Examination Committee Chair Professor o f Kinesiology University o f Nevada, Las Vegas The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a high protein diet on glucose tolerance in the rat model. Nine Sprague Dawley rats received a high protein diet (65% protein, 35% fat) and eight rats consumed a standard chow diet over the course o f eight weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at the end of the third and the seventh week to measure blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations. The diet did not effeet glucose toleranee in the first OGTT (t = 1.2095, p = .1226) or the second OGTT (t = -.9855, p = .1700) as reflected by the area under the glueose concentration curve. Similarly, the high protein diet did not effect the area under the insulin concentration curve during the first OGTT (t = .5425, p = .2978) or the second OGTT (t = . 1709, p = .4333).
The Role of the Middle Atmosphere in Simulations of the Troposphere during Northern Hemisphere Winter: Differences between High- and Low-Top Models

Abstract This paper compares present-day simulations made with two state-of-the-art climate models: a conventional model specifically designed to represent the tropospheric climate, which has a poorly resolved middle atmosphere, and a configuration that is built on the same physics and numerical algorithms but represents realistically the middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere. The atmospheric behavior is found to be different between the two model configurations, and it is shown that the differences in the two simulations can be attributed to differences in the behavior of the zonal mean state of the stratosphere, where reflection of quasi-stationary resolved planetary waves from the lid of the low-top model is prominent; the more realistic physics in the high-top model is not relevant. It is also shown that downward propagation of zonal wind anomalies during weak stratospheric vortex events is substantially different in the two model configurations. These findings extend earlier results that a poorly .
Input-to-State Stability of Stochastic Memristive Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delay

This paper is concerned with the input-to-state stability problem of a class of memristive neural networks. We consider the neural networks that take into account both the stochastic effects and time-varying delay, and introduce the notions of meansquare exponential input-to-state stability. Using the stochastic analysis theory and Ito formula for stochastic differential equations, we establish sufficient conditions for both mean-square exponential input-to-state stability and mean-square exponential stability. Numerical simulations are also provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.
THE GALAXY-WIDE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MEAN ELECTRON DENSITY IN THE H ii REGIONS OF M51 AND NGC 4449

Using Advanced Camera for Surveys-Hubble Space Telescope images to yield continuum-subtracted photometric maps in Hα of the Sbc galaxy M51 and the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 4449, we produced extensive (over 2000 regions for M51 and over 200 regions for NGC 4449) catalogs of parameters of their H ii regions: their Hα luminosities, equivalent radii, and coordinates with respect to the galaxy centers. From these data we derived, for each region, its mean luminosity-weighted electron density, 〈ne〉, determined from the Hα luminosity and the radius, R, of the region. Plotting these densities against the radii of the regions, we find excellent fits for 〈ne〉 varying as R−1/2. This relatively simple relation has not, as far as we know, been predicted from models of H ii region structure, and should be useful in constraining future models. Plotting the densities against the galactocentric radii, r, of the regions, we find good exponential fits with scale lengths of close to 10 kpc for both galaxies. These values are comparable to the scale lengths of the H i column densities for both galaxies, although their optical structures, related to their stellar components, are very different. This result indicates that to a first approximation the H ii regions can be considered in pressure equilibrium with their surroundings. We also plot the electron density of the H ii regions across the spiral arms of M51, showing an envelope which peaks along the ridgelines of the arms.
Inference via Low-Dimensional Couplings

We investigate the low-dimensional structure of deterministic transformations between random variables, i.e., transport maps between probability measures. In the context of statistics and machine learning, these transformations can be used to couple a tractable "reference" measure (e.g., a standard Gaussian) with a target measure of interest. Direct simulation from the desired measure can then be achieved by pushing forward reference samples through the map. Yet characterizing such a map---e.g., representing and evaluating it---grows challenging in high dimensions. The central contribution of this paper is to establish a link between the Markov properties of the target measure and the existence of low-dimensional couplings, induced by transport maps that are sparse and/or decomposable. Our analysis not only facilitates the construction of transformations in high-dimensional settings, but also suggests new inference methodologies for continuous non-Gaussian graphical models. For instance, in the context of nonlinear state-space models, we describe new variational algorithms for filtering, smoothing, and sequential parameter inference. These algorithms can be understood as the natural generalization---to the non-Gaussian case---of the square-root Rauch-Tung-Striebel Gaussian smoother.
Abundances of Planetary Nebula NGC 5315

The ISO and IUE spectra of the elliptical nebula NGC 5315 is presented. These spectra are combined with the spectra in the visual wavelength region to obtain a complete, extinction corrected, spectrum. The chemical composition of the nebulae is then calculated and compared to previous determinations. The HST NICMOS observations of the nebula in 3 emission lines are also presented. These observations are used to determine the helium abundance as a function of position in the nebula. A discussion is given of possible evolutionary effects.
Abstracting Grammar from Social–Cognitive Foundations: A Developmental Sketch of Learning

Although the understanding of the development of infants’ social cognition and cooperative reasoning has progressed significantly, to date, it has yet to be worked through in any detail how this knowledge interacts with and constrains emerging syntactic representations. This review is a step in that direction, aiming to offer a more integrated account of the learning mechanisms that support linguistic generalizations. First, I review the developmental literature that suggests social–cognitive foundations get linguistic constructions “off the ground. ” Second, I focus on building layers of abstractions on top of this foundation and the kind of cognitive processes that are involved. Crucially important in this explanation will be the fact that humans possess a unique set of social–cognitive and social motivational-skills that allows language to happen. Furthermore, early linguistic categories are formed around the underlying functional core of concepts and on the basis of their communicative discourse function. This, combined with powerful pattern-detection skills, enables distributional regularities in the input to be paired with what the speakers intend to communicate.
Sentencing Outcomes Under Competing But Coexisting Sentencing Interventions: Untying The Gordian Knot

The latest evolutionary phase of criminal sentencing is a return to determinate sentencing structures. However, the concurrent application of sentencing guidelines and mandatory minimum statutes in various jurisdictions often distorts and convolutes evaluations of such interventions’ effectiveness. To remedy this problem, the effects of such distinct reforms must be separated from one another. Previous research has been unsuccessful in accomplishing this task. The authors attempt to remedy this deficiency by using 1997-1998 federal sentencing data to isolate the effects of the minima from those of the guidelines and assessing how the predictors and conditioners of sentencing outcomes vary between them. The authors find several significant and some unexpected differences in the effect of predictors across models of incarceration and sentence length for the two intervention types.
UTILIZATION OF RICE HUSK AS RAW MATERIAL IN SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS SILICATES MCM-41

The research about synthesis and characterization of MCM-41 from rice husk has been done. Silica (SiO2) was extracted from rice husk by refluxing with 3M hydrochloric solution at 80 °C for 3 h. The acid-leached rice husk was filtered, washed, dried and calcined at 650 °C for 6 h lead the rough powder of rice husk silica with light brown in color. Characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectroscopy method. Rice husk silica was dissolved into the sodium hydroxide solution leading to the solution of sodium silicate, and used as silica source for the synthesis of MCM-41. MCM-41 was synthesized by hydrothermal process to the mixture prepared from 29 g of distilled water, 8.67 g of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB), 9.31 g of sodium silicate solution, and amount mL of 1 M H2SO4. Hydrothermal process was carried out at 100 °C in a teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave heated in the oven for 36 h. The solid phase was filtered, then washed with deionised water, and dried in the oven at 100 °C for 2 h. The surfactant CTMAB was removed by calcination at 550 °C for 10 h with heating rate 2 °C/min. The as-synthesized and calcined crystals were characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and N2 physisorption methods. In order to investigate the effect of silica source, the same procedure was carried out by using pure sodium silicate as silica source. It was concluded that silica extracted from rice husk can be used as raw materials in the synthesis of MCM-41, there is no significant difference in crystallinity and pore properties when was compared to material produced from commercial sodium silicate.