Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ca2+‐DEPENDENT DIFFERENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CARBACHOL‐INDUCED DESENSITIZATION TO RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND HIGH K+ IN GUINEA‐PIG TAENIA CAECI

1 Carbachol (CCh)‐induced desensitization to CCh was interrupted by a transient resensitization during its early stage, with concomitant changes at the muscarinic receptor/G‐protein level in smooth muscle of guinea‐pig taenia caeci. To assess whether such a peculiar desensitizing process may heterologously regulate smooth muscle contraction, we examined the developmental processes of CCh‐induced desensitization to histamine and high K+ and compared it with that to CCh. 2 Under Ca2+‐containing physiological conditions, treatment with 10−4 mol/L CCh for 30 min induced heterologous desensitization to histamine and high K+. The development of desensitization to histamine was interrupted by a transient resensitization at 1 min in a manner similar to that to CCh. In contrast, CCh‐induced desensitization to high K+ reached a peak at 1 min and was followed by a gradual resensitization up to a partial restoration at 30 min. 3 Under Ca2+‐free conditions containing 0.2 mmol/L EGTA, treatment with 10−4 mol/L CCh for 30 min failed to induce heterologous desensitization to either histamine or high K+, whereas the CCh treatment developed homologous desensitization to CCh in a simple time‐dependent manner without a resensitization phase. 4 These results suggest that cellular responsiveness to receptor agonists and non‐receptor‐mediated depolarizing stimulation is differentially regulated by Ca2+‐dependent heterologous desensitization in smooth muscle.
Retraction notice to: Directed conversion of Alzheimer’s disease patient skin fibroblasts into functional neurons.

Liang Qiang,1,3 Ryousuke Fujita,1,3 Toru Yamashita,1,3 Sergio Angulo,2,3 Herve Rhinn,1 David Rhee,1 Claudia Doege,1 Lily Chau,1 Laetitia Aubry,1 William B. Vanti,1 Herman Moreno,2 and Asa Abeliovich1,* 1Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, andNeurology and Taub Institute, Columbia University, Black Building 1208, 650West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA 2The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology and Physiology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA 3These authors contributed equally to this work *Correspondence: aa900@columbia.edu DOI 10.1016/j.cell. 2011.07. 007
Are there age differences in attention to emotional images following a sad mood induction? Evidence from a free-viewing eye-tracking paradigm

ABSTRACT Two experiments examined age differences in the effect of a sad mood induction (MI) on attention to emotional images. Younger and older adults viewed sets of four images while their eye gaze was tracked throughout an 8-s presentation. Images were viewed before and after a sad MI to assess the effect of a sad mood on attention to positive and negative scenes. Younger and older adults exhibited positively biased attention after the sad MI, significantly increasing their attention to positive images, with no evidence of an age difference in either experiment. A test of participants’ recognition memory for the images indicated that the sad MI reduced memory accuracy for sad images for younger and older adults. The results suggest that heightened attention to positive images following a sad MI reflects an affect regulation strategy related to mood repair. The implications for theories of the positivity effect are discussed.
A modification of the RSA public-key encryption procedure (Corresp.)

The Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) public-key encryption algorithm can be broken if the integer R used as the modulus can be factored. It my however be possible to break this system without factoring R . A modification of the RSA scheme is described. For this modified version it is shown that, if the encryption procedure can be broken in a certain number of operations, then R can be factored in only a few more operations. Furthermore, this technique can also be used to produce digital signatures, in much the same manner as the RSA scheme.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: An update

Awareness of the existence of CCHS has led to increasingly frequent reports of such patients from all over the world. However, the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of this congenital disease entity remain unknown. For the respiratory physiologist, CCHS can be viewed as an experiment of nature that provides an important and unique window into central cardiorespiratory regulation. For the pediatrician, CCHS children represent an unique clinical challenge in coordinating the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures required to enhance the patients' quality of life.
Effect of Probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus on Citrobacter rodentium Colitis: The Role of Dendritic Cells

Modulation of the intestinal immune response early in life by administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or attenuating infectious diarrhea. We preinoculated the mice early in life with the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (La) at age 2 wk. Dendritic cells (DCs) were collected and purified from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleens of the BalbC/ByJ mice. DC isolation and adoptive transfer was used to examine the function of probiotics. We demonstrated that when mice were adoptively transferred with La-primed DCs (t-LaDC) instead of oral consumption with La, there was a similar effect on fecal bacteria counts, IgA levels, and colonic histopathology, as well as cytokine levels in MLN when there was intestinal bacterial infection. The above findings suggest that DCs play a key role in probiotics attenuating Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) colitis. Moreover, the location of La-primed DC hints that there is interaction of DCs and T cells in the digestive system of the host. Up-regulated expression of a surface marker on DCs indicated that inoculation with probiotics will stimulate the function of DCs, thereby further increasing immune response triggered by DC.
Functional electric stimulation: its efficacy and safety in improving pulmonary function and musculoskeletal fitness.

The efficacy and safety of functional electric stimulation (FES) in improving cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness in individuals with spinal cord injury was evaluated. Ten males and two females aged 16 to 46 years began an FES program from three months to 22 years after injury. Seven patients had paraplegia and five had quadriplegia. The FES protocol consisted of three phases: (1) leg extension, the stimulation of the quadriceps muscle group only, first without and then with weights; (2) ergometry, the stimulation of quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteal muscles to produce a bicycling motion; and (3) resistance, the addition of resistance during the bicycling motion described in phase 2. Values for tidal volume, oxygen consumption, and the respiratory quotient were obtained during each phase. Tidal volume and oxygen consumption levels increased significantly (p less than .001) from the start of FES to both the ergometry and the resistance phases. The respiratory quotient improved significantly (p less than .001) from the start of FES to resistance but not from the start of FES to ergometry. Thigh and calf girths were measured at the start of FES and during resistance. Thigh girths increased significantly from the beginning of the program to the resistance phase, p less than . 002 for the right leg and p less than . 001 for the left. Calf girth, however, showed no significant increase. Based on these improvements and the absence of any serious complications, we believe that FES is an effective and safe method to improve cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness in individuals with spinal cord injury.
Simple end-to-end suture versus augmented repair in acute Achilles tendon ruptures: A retrospective comparison in 98 patients

We retrospectively compared the results in 98 patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture treated with an augmented tendon repair (n = 59) to patients with an end-to-end suture (n = 39) after an average follow-up of 44 (22-69) months. 7 patients were operated on more than 2 weeks after the rupture, all with augmention. The complication rates in the augmention group were 0.1 and in the end-to-end suture group 0.2. We found no differences in subjective outcome or rerupture rate between the groups. In the augmentation group, the rate of complications was higher in those operated on after 2 weeks than in those operated on before. A simple end-to-end suture seems sufficient.
Lipid Profile of Cigarette Smokers in an Ancient City

Reports have shown that sudden death is 2-4 times more often in heavy cigarette smokers than non smokers. Cigarettes smoke has been confirmed to contain toxicants that can disrupt normal metabolic processes. This study was carried out to assess the status of lipid fractions in smokers in a population in South West Nigeria. 25 males who were smoking 5 – 8 sticks of cigarette per day aged 20 – 45 years were selected as the study group, while 20 aged matched males who never smoked cigarette were selected as the control group. The concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), were determined using standard enzymatic colorimetric methods and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using Friedewalds formula. The concentrations of all the lipid fractions were significantly higher (p<0.05) in smokers than that of non smokers except HDL-C which was otherwise. The various ratios of LDL/HDL, TC/HDL, and TG/HDL were all higher in the smokers than in the non smokers. The percentage of LDL in total cholesterol was higher in smokers than non-smokers, but reverse was the case with HDL. There were significant and direct association between TG and LDL (r=0.902, p<0.01), TC(r=0.931, p<0.01) but inverse relationships were observed between TG and HDL (r=0.839, p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the BMI of the smokes and non smokers. The results of this study show that smokers are at much greater risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques and different heart diseases than non-smokers.
Effect of endurance exercise training on Ca2+–calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II expression and signalling in skeletal muscle of humans

Here the hypothesis that skeletal muscle Ca2+–calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII) expression and signalling would be modified by endurance training was tested. Eight healthy, young men completed 3 weeks of one‐legged endurance exercise training with muscle samples taken from both legs before training and 15 h after the last exercise bout. Along with an ∼40% increase in mitochondrial F1‐ATP synthase expression, there was an ∼1‐fold increase in maximal CaMKII activity and CaMKII kinase isoform expression after training in the active leg only. Autonomous CaMKII activity and CaMKII autophosphorylation were increased to a similar extent. However, there was no change in α‐CaMKII anchoring protein expression with training. Nor was there any change in expression or Thr17 phosphorylation of the CaMKII substrate phospholamban with training. However, another CaMKII substrate, serum response factor (SRF), had an ∼60% higher phosphorylation at Ser103 after training, with no change in SRF expression. There were positive correlations between the increases in CaMKII expression and SRF phosphorylation as well as F1ATPase expression with training. After training, there was an increase in cyclic‐AMP response element binding protein phosphorylation at Ser133, but not expression, in muscle of both legs. Taken together, skeletal muscle CaMKII kinase isoform expression and SRF phosphorylation is higher with endurance‐type exercise training, adaptations that are restricted to active muscle. This may contribute to greater Ca2+ mediated regulation during exercise and the altered muscle phenotype with training.
Herschel PEP/HerMES: the redshift evolution (0 ≤ z ≤ 4) of dust attenuation and of the total (UV+IR) star formation rate density

Using new homogeneous luminosity functions (LFs) in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) from VVDS and in the far-infrared (FIR) from Herschel/PEP and Herschel/HerMES, we studied the evolution of the dust attenuation with redshift. With this information, we were able to estimate the redshift evolution of the total (FUV + FIR) star formation rate density (SFRDTOT). By integrating SFRDTOT, we followed the mass building and analyzed the redshift evolution of the stellar mass density (SMD). This article aims at providing a complete view of star formation from the local Universe to z ~ 4 and, using assumptions on earlier star formation history, compares this evolution with previously published data in an attempt to draw a homogeneous picture of the global evolution of star formation in galaxies. Our main conclusions are that: 1) the dust attenuation AFUV is found to increase from z = 0 to z ~ 1.2 and then starts to decrease until our last data point at z = 3.6; 2) the estimated SFRD confirms published results to z ~ 2. At z > 2, we observe either a plateau or a small increase up to z ~ 3 and then a likely decrease up to z = 3.6; 3) the peak of AFUV is delayed with respect to the plateau of SFRDTOT and a probable origin might be found in the evolution of the bright ends of the FUV and FIR LFs; 4) using assumptions (exponential rise and linear rise with time) for the evolution of the star formation density from z = 3.6 to zform = 10, we integrated SFRDTOT and obtained a good agreement with the published SMDs.
Spatial machine learning applied to multivariate and multimodal images. (Machine learning spatial appliquée aux images multivariées et multimodales)

This thesis focuses on multivariate spatial statistics and machine learning applied to hyperspectral and multimodal and images in remote sensing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this thesis the following topics are considered:Fusion of images:SEM allows us to acquire images from a given sample using different modalities. The purpose of these studies is to analyze the interest of fusion of information to improve the multimodal SEM images acquisition. We have modeled and implemented various techniques of image fusion of information, based in particular on spatial regression theory. They have been assessed on various datasets.Spatial classification of multivariate image pixels:We have proposed a novel approach for pixel classification in multi/hyper-spectral images. The aim of this technique is to represent and efficiently describe the spatial/spectral features of multivariate images. These multi-scale deep descriptors aim at representing the content of the image while considering invariances related to the texture and to its geometric transformations.Spatial dimensionality reduction:We have developed a technique to extract a feature space using morphological principal component analysis. Indeed, in order to take into account the spatial and structural information we used mathematical morphology operators
No evidence of Epstein–Barr virus association with Merkel cell carcinoma

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive tumor of cutaneous neuroendocrine cells with a reported 13‐fold increased incidence in immunocompromised patients, raising the possibility that it is driven by an oncogenic virus. Additionally, Merkel cell hyperplasia is seen in the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐driven process oral hairy leukoplakia, and EBV is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several other malignancies.
Efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate to prevent stain absorption on freshly bleached enamel: An in vitro study

Background: Teeth when subjected to bleaching bring about the desiccation of the enamel, making it more susceptible to stain absorption. While subjecting the freshly bleached enamel surface to various surface treatments of Fluoride and Casein Phosphopeptide - Amorphous Calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) brought about the reduction in stain absorption, which is assessed in this study. Aims: The study aims to evaluate the tea stain absorption on freshly bleached enamel surface of extracted human teeth with varied surface treatment. The stain absorption was evaluated at the end of one hour and 24 hours post bleaching. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted human permanent maxillary central incisors were subjected to bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for eight days. They were divided into four groups of 10 each. Group I was control group. Group II was immersed in tea solution without surface treatment, while Group III and IV were immersed in tea solution with surface treatment of topical Fluoride and CPP-ACP respectively. Spectrophotometer was used for color analysis. Results: Surface treatment with CPP-ACP and topical fluoride on freshly beached enamel surface, significantly reduced the stain absorption. Conclusion: Remineralizing agents reduce stain absorption after tooth bleaching.
Representational momentum for rotations in depth: effects of shadings and axis.

Representational momentum is a positive memory distortion for an object's final position following the presentation of an implied event (J.J. Freyd, 1987). Positive memory distortions occur when observers accept test positions beyond the final presented position, or forward along the implied trajectory, as the same more readily than positions behind the final position. Four experiments explored implied events depicting rotations about various depth axes in shaded and silhouette conditions. Positive memory distortions were observed for all depth rotations under certain shading conditions, with some differences in the size of the distortion between axes. No directional effects (e.g., right vs. left) were observed. The overall positive memory distortions observed for depth rotations contrasted with the negative distortions previously observed for translation motion in depth (T.L. Hubbard, 1995 ).
Providing alcohol to underage youth: the view from young adulthood.

BACKGROUND Many underage drinkers obtain alcohol from legal-age family, friends, and acquaintances. This study aimed to understand the attitudes and behaviors of young adults related to providing alcohol to underage drinkers. METHODS Participants were 755 current or recent college students of legal drinking age (ages 22 to 26) who were approached by a minor to provide alcohol at least once since turning 21. Interviewers assessed frequency of providing alcohol, relationship to the recipients, and general attitudes about providing alcohol to minors. Separate questions asked about younger (under 18) and older (18 to 20) minors. Correlates and predictors of provision and frequency of provision were examined via logistic regression and Poisson regression, focusing on demographics, sensation-seeking, behavioral dysregulation, age at first drink, parental history of alcohol problems, fraternity/sorority involvement, attitudes about provision, violations, peer drinking norms, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk during and post-college. RESULTS Most participants (84.6%) provided alcohol to minors at least once. Provision to older minors was more prevalent (82.8%) than to younger minors (20.7%); it was also more frequent. Few (2.4%) were ever caught providing alcohol. Recipients were more commonly friends or family members rather than acquaintances or strangers. Legal concerns about providing alcohol (82.5 and 53.7% for younger and older minors, respectively) were more prevalent than health concerns (55.7 and 9.5%). Legal concerns consistently predicted lower likelihood of provision, independent of demographics. Health concerns and lower post-college AUD risk scores also independently predicted lower likelihood of provision, but only to older minors. Fraternity/sorority involvement and higher peer drinking norms were associated with higher provision frequency, whereas legal concerns and college violations were associated with lower provision frequency. CONCLUSIONS Young adults who have recently turned 21 could represent an important target for prevention strategies to reduce underage drinking on college campuses. More research is needed to understand the motivations of young adults who provide alcohol to underage drinkers.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebral response to visual stimulation in medically unexplained visual loss

Background. Medically unexplained visual loss occurs in 1 to 5% of patients attending ophthalmology clinics and for many it runs a chronic course. A psychogenic aetiology is presumed in such cases, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. Recent studies have established the value of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in understanding the mechanisms of unexplained motor and sensory symptoms. The purpose of this study was to use a similar strategy (fMRI) to evaluate the cerebral responses to visual stimulation in a group of patients with medically unexplained visual loss, in an attempt to determine the underlying neural mechanisms. Method. Brain activation induced by periodic (monocular) 8 Hz visual stimulation was detected by fMRI in five patients with unexplained visual loss who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for conversion disorder, and seven normal volunteers. Between-group differences in mean power of activation were estimated by fitting a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model at each intracerebral voxel in standard space. Results. Compared with controls, patients showed reduced activation in visual cortices, but increased activation in left inferior frontal cortex, left insula-claustrum, bilateral striatum and thalami, left limbic structures, and left posterior cingulate cortex. Conclusions. This preliminary study has identified novel neural correlates in patients with unexplained visual loss. The abnormal pattern of activation may reflect inhibition of primary visual cortex or a shift towards non-conscious (implicit) processing.
The Go—No‐Go paradigm in attention deficit disorder

We administered the go—no‐go paradigm to 44 boys with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and 32 control subjects who did not have ADD. This task requires a subject to emit a simple motor response to one cue while inhibiting the response in the presence of another cue. Commission errors suggest impulsivity, and omission errors suggest inattention. ADD subjects made more total errors than did control subjects (p < 0.03), and more ADD subjects made multiple errors (p < 0.001). Within the ADD group, the nonhyperactive (ADDnoH) subjects were characterized by a high number of commission errors early, and significant improvement with practice (p < 0.01). In contrast, the hyperactive ADD subjects (ADD/H) did not differ from control subjects in number of early commission errors, but differed from both control subjects and ADDnoH subjects in their failure to improve with practice. In addition, the incidence of omission errors was highest in the ADD/H group. This paradigm can be easily incorporated into the assessment of children with suspected ADD and provides an objective measure of inattention and impulsivity. Our data provide cognitive support for the empirical distinction between hyperactive and nonhyperactive children with ADD.
Susceptibility of multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care units: results from the European MYSTIC study group.

The MYSTIC program monitors worldwide in vitro susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates from centers that prescribe meropenem. This report focuses on 107 isolates of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which commonly causes infections that are difficult to treat in hospitalized patients. We chose samples from patients from 33 European intensive care units (ICUs). There was considerable inter-country variation in the proportion of P. aeruginosa that were MDR, ranging from 50% in Turkey to < or =3% in Spain, the UK, Germany, Bulgaria and Malta. Amongst the MDR isolates, the percentage resistance (MIC50/90 in mg/L) to the antibiotics tested were amikacin 18.7% (32/>128), meropenem 29.1% (8/64), imipenem 44.9% (16/64), cefepime 49.5% (32/64) and piperacillin/tazobactam 57.9% (128/>128).