Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the curative activity of primaquine by concomitant administration of mirincamycin

Mirincamycin, a lincomycin derivative with unequivocal but limited activity against the pre-erythrocytic and persisting exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium cynomolgi, has been evaluated for capacity to enhance the radical curative potential of the conventional primaquine-chloroquine combination. Established infections with sporozoites of the above plasmodium in rhesus monkeys served this evaluation. The results showed that the dose of primaquine required for cure of 50% of active infections was reduced by one-half to two-thirds by coadministration with 2.5 mg of mirincamycin per kg, 1/16 the 50% curative dose of this lincomycin derivative when used in a mono-drug regimen. The dimensions of the enhancement of the curative activity of primaquine were inversely related to the size of the sporozoite inoculum. The smallest dose of mirincamycin productive of enhancement was 2.5 mg/kg; whether doses larger than 2.5 mg/kg would have been more effective was not determined. There is much to be done before it is known whether a mirincamycin-primaquine combination is useful for suppressive cure or radical cure of the human malarias. Irrespective of that result, the current study serves to focus attention on a somewhat novel approach to the development of more effective and better-tolerated regimens for radical cure, an alternative to the empirical chemical synthesis and screening approach that has dominated searches heretofore.
Evaluation of a 5‐Tier Scheme Proposed for Classification of Sequence Variants Using Bioinformatic and Splicing Assay Data: Inter‐Reviewer Variability and Promotion of Minimum Reporting Guidelines

Splicing assays are commonly undertaken in the clinical setting to assess the clinical relevance of sequence variants in disease predisposition genes. A 5‐tier classification system incorporating both bioinformatic and splicing assay information was previously proposed as a method to provide consistent clinical classification of such variants. Members of the ENIGMA Consortium Splicing Working Group undertook a study to assess the applicability of the scheme to published assay results, and the consistency of classifications across multiple reviewers. Splicing assay data were identified for 235 BRCA1 and 176 BRCA2 unique variants, from 77 publications. At least six independent reviewers from research and/or clinical settings comprehensively examined splicing assay methods and data reported for 22 variant assays of 21 variants in four publications, and classified the variants using the 5‐tier classification scheme. Inconsistencies in variant classification occurred between reviewers for 17 of the variant assays. These could be attributed to a combination of ambiguity in presentation of the classification criteria, differences in interpretation of the data provided, nonstandardized reporting of results, and the lack of quantitative data for the aberrant transcripts. We propose suggestions for minimum reporting guidelines for splicing assays, and improvements to the 5‐tier splicing classification system to allow future evaluation of its performance as a clinical tool.
Impact of dynamic variability on SRAM functionality and performance in nano-scaled CMOS technologies

In this paper we demonstrate that fast oxide trapping mechanism can be responsible for significant dynamic variability of Vt, gm and Id at circuit operating conditions. An estimation of the effect of these variabilities has been made using Monte Carlo simulations. The impact of the measured variabilities on SRAM performance is found appreciable since a margin of ~50mV in the minimum supply voltages is required to overcome this effect.
In vitro Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells into Islet-Like Clusters Promoted by Islet Neogenesis-Associated Protein Pentadecapeptide

Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) are considered an ideal tool for the supply of insulin-producing cells to treat diabetes mellitus, with high differentiation efficiency. Islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP) is an initiator of islet neogenesis, and the peptide sequence comprising amino acids 104-118, named INGAP pentadecapeptide (INGAP-PP), has been shown to increase β-cell mass in animals and human pathological states. Here, we report a novel 4-step method to promote hASCs to differentiate into islet-like clusters (ILCs) more efficiently by adding INGAP-PP. The hASCs were isolated, purified and differentiated using a 4-step protocol including trichostatin A, INGAP-PP/scrambled peptide (Scrambled-P), dexamethasone, nicotinamide, glucagon-like peptide-1, transforming growth factor β1 and exendin-4. Results showed that ILCs in the INGAP-PP group were more similar to the fresh islets with regard to both size and morphology and expressed significantly higher levels of both insulin and C-peptide than those in the Scrambled-P group. Moreover, the ILCs from the INGAP-PP group secreted higher levels of insulin and C-peptide than those from the Scrambled-P group in response to both a low (5.6 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose challenge and secreted 6 times more hormones under the high-glucose challenge. Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry showed that ILCs of the INGAP-PP group expressed human pancreatic endocrine hormones and transcription factors. Transplantation of ILCs into diabetic rats partially reversed diabetes and prolonged their life span. In conclusion, the INGAP-PP protocol can efficiently induce hASCs to differentiate into ILCs in vitro, and thus hASCs could be a promising source of cells for transplantation to treat diabetes mellitus.
PENGARUH KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL, KECERDASAN INTELEKTUAL, PERILAKU BELAJAR, KOMPETENSI DOSEN, DAN FASILITAS PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN AKUNTANSI

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intellectual Intelligence, Learning Behavior, Lecturer Competence, and Learning Facility on Partial Level of Accounting Understanding. This research uses survey method, with student population of Faculty of Economics of Private University in Solo Accredited B. Sampling technique using purposive sampling and judgment sampling. so that in get sample of student of Faculty of Economics Slamet Riyadi (UNISRI) and Setia Budi University (USB) and University of Tunas Development (UTP), and at least have to take at least semester V, so get sample of 95 student, because UTP cannot do research so that only UNISRI students and USB samples. The type of data used primary and secondary data. The analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test, and coefficient of determination. The result of this research Emotional Intelligence and Learning Facility have no significant effect to the level of Accounting Understanding while Intellectual Intelligence, Learning Behavior, and Lecturer Competence have significant influence to the Level of Understanding of Accounting. Keywords: emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence, learning behavior, lecturers competence, learning facility, accounting understanding level
Collaboration for children: leadership in a complex space. A voluntary sector perspective.

The thesis explores inter-organisational collaboration across the divide between public and voluntary sectors in the context of children’s services in the UK. It explores how voluntary sector leaders ‘make things happen’ (Huxham and Vangen 2000) in this context, where the formal authority, control of resources, and decision-making appear to be in the hands of the public sector. Findings highlight the challenges of influencing dominant public sector agencies, the tensions which voluntary sector leaders experience, and the impact of the continually changing policy environment. The study emphasises the significance to these leaders of a distinct sense of voluntary sector identity, and of the contribution which voluntary organisations can make to the collaboration, and ultimately to the lives of children and families. This leads them to engage in activities which question, challenge, and disrupt their collaboration partners, whilst also engaging in more supportive and facilitative activities. The empirical research focuses on the practice of voluntary sector leaders through interviews and observations, but also presents an analysis of key government policy documents from children’s services during the period 2003-2012. This analysis reveals the ambiguity of concepts and narratives of cross-sector collaboration in these texts. Although policies and formal collaborative entities change when government changes, the ambiguity remains. Despite the challenges of this context, voluntary sector participants weave together layers of connectedness, which build collaborative capacity for future collaboration. This connectedness frequently begins with interpersonal relationships, but over time becomes embedded in the collaborative environment. The research suggests that this longer term approach to building collaborative relationships may provide a more positive perspective for voluntary sector leaders, who are frustrated by the experience of responding to public sector dominance and short-term policy initiatives.
Essays On The Persistence Of The Forecast Bias Of Option Implied Volatility

Chapter I contains a literature review on the forecast bias of implied volatility based on the two fundamental questions addressed in the literature. Does implied volatility evolve as suggested by its term structure? And, is ex post realized volatility consistent with ex ante implied volatility forecasts? Chapters II and III contribute to this literature by focusing on explanations for and interpretations of forecast bias persistence. Some literature review sections which deal with specific applications of bias persistence were embedded in Chapters II and III, instead of the literature review in Chapter I, so as not to disrupt the flow of this dissertation.The first strand investigates the evolution of implied volatility itself across time. Application of the expectations hypothesis suggests that the shape and slope of today's implied volatility term structure should be consistent with expected future changes of short-dated implied volatility. Analysis of the information content in VIX (CBOE Volatility Index) futures in Chapter II reveals a persistent forecast bias. I find that while there is evidence to uphold expectations hypothesis during the 2008-9 credit crisis period and before, in general ex ante forecasts of the future level of the VIX, implied by the VIX term structure, overshoot actual ex post changes, especially over shorter tenors. Strategies designed to profit from the bias reported have not been successful in eliminating the arbitrage opportunity. The forecast bias has increased as additional capital has flowed in, a result which does not support the slow-moving capital explanation of arbitrage persistence. Instead, I present evidence to suggest that the VIX-VIX Futures Puzzle is propagated by significant inflows of capital from non-professional investors via the proliferation of ETF (exchange-traded fund) offerings.The second fundamental question addressed in this literature investigates the extent to which implied volatilities accurately forecast the ex-post realized volatility of underlying asset prices. In other words, are option premiums justified by the subsequent payouts? Chapter III is devoted to this question, based on an expansive dataset of implied volatility for over thirty currency pairs across developed and emerging economies. I report the forecast biasness and propose that the magnitude of such may be used as a proxy for the degree of financial integration achieved for a particular country. I motivate this concept by furnishing a simple theoretical framework based on Dornbusch, Fischer, Samuelson (1977), based on the foundation that currencies with lower (greater) cross-border trading frictions would be expected to have options markets that exhibit lower (higher) levels of forecast bias. The transmission mechanism from cross-border currency trading frictions to FX implied volatility forecast bias is the hedging activity of currency option market-makers, based on the Black-Scholes approach to option-pricing. I conclude by introducing a new financial integration index which offers a number of benefits to existing approaches.
Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Treatment and Prevention of Antibody Mediated Rejection

Background: Acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a rare complication which often results in the loss of kidney graft. The objective of this retrospective monocentric study was to evaluate three different approaches to AMR. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data files from 1226 patients who had undergone renal transplantation in 1/2002 – 12/2008. In 2002 2003, patients with AMR were treated with 5 plasmaphereses (PP group, n= 13), and in 2004 2008 they received 5 PP along with intravenous immunoglobulin (PP+ IVIG, 0.2g/kg, n=21). Third group consisted of patients with persistence of presence of donor specific antibodies who received a single dose of rituximab (PP+ IVIG+ anti-CD20, n= 11). At 12 months followup data were analyzed. Results: First year graft survival was significantly higher in the PP+ IVIG group than in PP group (90.5% vs. 46.2%; p= 0.027), similarly patient survival was higher in the same group (95.2% vs. 76.9%; p= 0.001). The incidence of infectious complications was similar. First year graft survival in rituximab group was 63.5%. Conclusion: In this retrospective single center study the superiority of plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin was proven in the treatment of early acute antibody-mediated rejection of renal allograft.
Enhanced radiosensitivity of malignant glioma cells after adenoviral p53 transduction.

OBJECT The goal of this study was to determine whether adenoviral vector-mediated expression of human wildtype p53 can enhance the radiosensitivity of malignant glioma cells that express native wild-type p53. The p53 gene is thought to function abnormally in the majority of malignant gliomas, although it has been demonstrated to be mutated in only approximately 30%. This has led to studies in which adenoviral transduction with wild-type human p53 has been investigated in an attempt to slow tumor cell growth. Recent studies suggest that reconstitution of wild-type p53 can render cells more susceptible to radiation-mediated death, primarily by p53-mediated apoptosis. METHODS Rat RT2 glioma cells were analyzed for native p53 status by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis and for p53 expression by Western blot analysis. Clonogenic survival and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay were used to characterize RT2 cell radiosensitivity and apoptosis, respectively, with and without prior transduction with p53-containing and control adenoviral vectors. Animal survival length was monitored after intracerebral implantation with transduced and nontransduced RT2 cells, with and without cranial radiation. The RT2 cells were demonstrated to express native rat wild-type p53 and to markedly overexpress human p53 following adenoviral p53 transduction. The combination of p53 transduction followed by radiation resulted in marked decreases in RT2 cell survival and increases in apoptosis at radiation doses from 2 to 6 Gy. Animals receiving cranial radiation after intracerebral implantation with RT2 cells previously transduced with p53 survived significantly longer than control animals (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The ability to enhance the radiosensitivity of malignant glioma cells that express wild-type p53 by using adenoviral transduction to induce overexpression of p53 offers hope for this approach as a therapeutic strategy, not only in human gliomas that express mutant p53, but also in those that express wild-type p53.
Single‐ and Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Dapoxetine Hydrochloride, a Novel Agent for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation

Dapoxetine is a serotonin transporter inhibitor currently in development for the treatment of premature ejaculation. This randomized, 2‐sequence, 2‐treatment crossover study assessed the single‐ and multiple‐dose pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine following once‐daily administration of dapoxetine 30 mg and 60 mg to healthy male volunteers. Dapoxetine was rapidly absorbed following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached approximately 1 hour after dosing; plasma concentrations after single doses of dapoxetine decreased rapidly to approximately 5% of peak concentrations by 24 hours. Elimination was biphasic, with an initial half‐life of approximately 1.4 hours and a terminal half‐life of approximately 20 hours. Dapoxetine showed time‐invariant pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality between doses, and its pharmacokinetics was unaffected by multiple dosing. The pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine metabolites, desmethyldapoxetine and dapoxetine‐N‐oxide, was similarly unaffected by multiple dosing. There were no serious adverse events; the most commonly reported adverse events were diarrhea, dizziness, and nausea.
Evaluation of a Staff-Only Hospitalist System in a Tertiary Care, Academic Children's Hospital

Objective. The staff/housestaff hospitalist system has been evaluated in 2 pediatric centers in the United States. In Canada, fewer residents and duty hour restrictions led to the development of a staff-only hospitalist system. The objective of this study was to compare the staff-only pediatric hospitalist system and the staff/housestaff hospitalist system with respect to traditional outcome measures. Design. This cohort study (staff-only hospitalist system versus staff/housestaff system) used electronic health records data (July 1, 1996, to June 30, 1997) for all admissions (n = 3807) to the general pediatric inpatient unit of an urban, tertiary care, pediatric, teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada. Outcome measures included length of hospital stay, subspecialty consultations, readmission to the hospital, and death during the hospital stay. Results. The median length of hospital stay was reduced by 14% for patients admitted to the staff-only hospitalist system, compared with the staff/housestaff hospitalist system (2.5 and 2.9 days, respectively). This difference remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, gender, and comorbidity. There were no significant differences between the 2 models of care with respect to subspecialty consultation, hospital readmission, or mortality rates. A stratified analysis showed similar findings for the 10 most frequent diagnostic groups. Conclusions. The staff-only hospitalist system was associated with a significant reduction in the hospital length of stay, without evidence of adverse effects on mortality or readmission rates, compared with the staff/hospitalist system. In the context of recent restrictions on resident duty hours in the United States, these findings may be of interest to pediatric teaching hospitals considering the development of a similar staff-only hospitalist model.
Characterization, Function, and Transcriptional Profiling Analysis of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Gene (GbHMGS1) towards Stresses and Exogenous Hormone Treatments in Ginkgo biloba

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the mevalonate pathway as it catalyzes the condensation of acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA. In this study, A HMGS gene (designated as GbHMGS1) was cloned from Ginkgo biloba for the first time. GbHMGS1 contained a 1422-bp open-reading frame encoding 474 amino acids. Comparative and bioinformatics analysis revealed that GbHMGS1 was extensively homologous to HMGSs from other plant species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the GbHMGS1 belonged to the plant HMGS superfamily, sharing a common evolutionary ancestor with other HMGSs, and had a further relationship with other gymnosperm species. The yeast complement assay of GbHMGS1 in HMGS-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YSC6274 demonstrated that GbHMGS1 gene encodes a functional HMGS enzyme. The recombinant protein of GbHMGS1 was successfully expressed in E. coli. The in vitro enzyme activity assay showed that the kcat and Km values of GbHMGS1 were 195.4 min−1 and 689 μM, respectively. GbHMGS1 was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues, including the roots, stems, leaves, female flowers, male flowers and fruits. The transcript accumulation for GbHMGS1 was highest in the leaves. Expression profiling analyses revealed that GbHMGS1 expression was induced by abiotic stresses (ultraviolet B and cold) and hormone treatments (salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethephon) in G. biloba, indicating that GbHMGS1 gene was involved in the response to environmental stresses and plant hormones.
The Proteome of Shigella flexneri 2a 2457T Grown at 30 and 37 °C*

To upgrade the proteome reference map of Shigella flexneri 2a 2457T, the protein expression profiles of log phase and stationary phase cells grown at 30 and 37 °C were thoroughly analyzed using multiple overlapping narrow pH range (between pH 4.0 and 11.0) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A total of 723 spots representing 574 protein entries were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, including the majority of known key virulence factors. 64 hypothetical proteins and six misannotated proteins were also experimentally identified. A comparison between the four proteome maps showed that most of the virulence-related proteins were up-regulated at 37 °C, and the differences were more notable in stationary phase cells, suggesting that the expressions of these virulence factors were not only controlled by temperature but also controlled by the nutrients available in the environment. The expression patterns of some virulence-related genes under the four different conditions suggested that they might also be regulated at the post-transcriptional level. A further significant finding was that the expression of the protein ArgT was dramatically up-regulated at 30 °C. The results of semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that expression of argT was not regulated at the transcriptional level. Therefore, we carried out a series of experiments to uncover the mechanism regulating ArgT levels and found that the differential expression of ArgT was due to its degradation by a periplasmic protease, HtrA, whose activity, but not its synthesis, was affected by temperature. The cleavage site in ArgT was between position 160 (Val) and position 161 (Ala). These results may provide useful insights for understanding the physiology and pathogenesis of S. flexneri.
Leadership and Management Training for School Heads: A Milestone Achievement for Fiji

This study reports on how a group of Fijian school leaders felt about a leadership and management training programme they had just completed. As a preliminary study, it gathered data by means of a survey questionnaire and document analysis. The data analysis reveals the principals' positive perceptions of the programme overall, although they felt some areas need more attention, notable among them being both context-specific and field-based learning, which the leaders consider essential in future training programmes in leadership and management to meet the special circumstances of the school. Implications of the study's findings are also pertinent to other jurisdictions within and beyond the Pacific region for leadership preparation and development to improve leadership practices, an essential ingredient in school effectiveness.