Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid particle acceleration due to recollimation shocks and turbulent magnetic fields in injected jets with helical magnetic fields

One of the key questions in the study of relativistic jets is how magnetic reconnection occurs and whether it can effectively accelerate electrons in the jet. We performed 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of a relativistic electron–proton jet of relatively large radius that carries a helical magnetic field. We focused our investigation on the interaction between the jet and the ambient plasma and explore how the helical magnetic field affects the excitation of kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability (WI), the kinetic Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (kKHI), and the mushroom instability (MI). In our simulations these kinetic instabilities are indeed excited, and particles are accelerated. At the linear stage we observe recollimation shocks near the centre of the jet. As the electron–proton jet evolves into the deep non-linear stage, the helical magnetic field becomes untangled due to reconnection-like phenomena, and electrons are repeatedly accelerated as they encounter magnetic-reconnection events in the turbulent magnetic field.
Emotion Recognition Using Fusion of Audio and Video Features

In this paper we propose a fusion approach to continuous emotion recognition that combines visual and auditory modalities in their representation spaces to predict the arousal and valence levels. The proposed approach employs a pre-trained convolution neural network and transfer learning to extract features from video frames that capture the emotional content. For the auditory content, a minimalistic set of parameters such as prosodic, excitation, vocal tract, and spectral descriptors are used as features. The fusion of these two modalities is carried out at a feature level, before training a single support vector regressor (SVR) or at a prediction level, after training one SVR for each modality. The proposed approach also includes preprocessing and post-processing techniques which contribute favorably to improving the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Experimental results for predicting spontaneous and natural emotions on the RECOLA dataset have shown that the proposed approach takes advantage of the complementary information of visual and auditory modalities and provides CCC of 0.749 and 0.565 for arousal and valence, respectively. The proposed approach outperforms the baseline system and several traditional approaches based on auditory and visual handcrafted features.
Spectro-timing analysis of MAXI J1535–571 using AstroSat

We report the results of the analysis of an AstroSat observation of the black hole candidate MAXI J1535–571 during its hard-intermediate state. We studied the evolution of the spectral and timing parameters of the source during the observation. The observation covered a period of ∼5 d and consisted of 66 continuous segments, corresponding to individual spacecraft orbits. Each segment was analysed independently. The source count rate increased roughly linearly by ∼30 per cent. We modelled the spectra as a combination of radiation from a thermal disc component and a power law. The timing analysis revealed the presence of strong quasi-periodic oscillations with centroid frequency νQPO fluctuating in the range of 1.7–3.0 Hz. We found a tight correlation between the QPO centroid frequency νQPO and the power-law spectral index Γ, while νQPO appeared not to be correlated with the linearly increasing flux itself. We discuss the implications of these results on physical models of accretion.
A Schr\"odinger potential involving $x^\frac{2}{3}$ and centrifugal-barrier terms conditionally integrable in terms of the confluent hypergeometric functions

The solution of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation for a potential involving an attractive 2/3 ~ x and a repulsive centrifugal-barrier 2 ~ x terms is presented in terms of the non-integer-order Hermite functions. The potential belongs to one of the five bi-confluent Heun families. This is a conditionally integrable potential in that the strength of the centrifugal-barrier term is fixed to 2 / ( 91 72 ) m  . The general solution of the problem is composed using fundamental solutions each of which presents an irreducible linear combination of two Hermite functions of a scaled and shifted argument. The potential presents an infinitely extended confining well defined on the positive semi-axis and sustains infinitely many bound states.
Example-Driven Query Intent Discovery: Abductive Reasoning using Semantic Similarity

Traditional relational data interfaces require precise structured queries over potentially complex schemas. These rigid data retrieval mechanisms pose hurdles for non-expert users, who typically lack language expertise and are unfamiliar with the details of the schema. Query by Example (QBE) methods offer an alternative mechanism: users provide examples of their intended query output and the QBE system needs to infer the intended query. However, these approaches focus on the structural similarity of the examples and ignore the richer context present in the data. As a result, they typically produce queries that are too general, and fail to capture the user's intent effectively. In this paper, we present SQuID, a system that performs semantic similarity-aware query intent discovery . Our work makes the following contributions: (1) We design an end-to-end system that automatically formulates select-project-join queries in an open-world setting, with optional group-by aggregation and intersection operators; a much larger class than prior QBE techniques. (2) We express the problem of query intent discovery using a probabilistic abduction model , that infers a query as the most likely explanation of the provided examples. (3) We introduce the notion of an abduction-ready database, which precomputes semantic properties and related statistics, allowing SQuID to achieve real-time performance. (4) We present an extensive empirical evaluation on three real-world datasets, including user-intent case studies, demonstrating that SQuID is efficient and effective, and outperforms machine learning methods, as well as the state-of-the-art in the related query reverse engineering problem.
Three-dimensional Boltzmann-hydro Code for Core-collapse in Massive Stars. III. A New Method for Momentum Feedback from Neutrino to Matter

We present a new method for neutrino-matter coupling in multi-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) with the full Boltzmann neutrino transport. This development is motivated by the fact that accurate conservation of momentum is required for reliable numerical modelings of CCSN dynamics including a recoil of proto-neutron stars (PNSs). The new method is built on a hybrid approach in which we use the energy-momentum tensor of neutrinos to compute the momentum feedback from neutrino to matter in the optically thick region while we employ the collision term in the optically thin region. In this method we utilize a general relativistic description of radiation-hydrodynamics with angular moments, which allows us to evaluate the momentum feedback from neutrino to matter without inconsistency with our Boltzmann solver. We demonstrate that the new method substantially improves the accuracy of linear momentum conservation in our CCSN simulations under reasonable angular resolutions in momentum space, alleviating the difficulty in giving the diffusion limit precisely with the discrete ordinate (Sn) method. It is the first ever demonstration that the PNS kick can be handled directly and properly in multi-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with the full Boltzmann neutrino transport.
Unraveling the Mott-Peierls intrigue in vanadium dioxide

Vanadium dioxide is one of the most studied strongly correlated materials. Nonetheless, the intertwining between electronic correlation and lattice effects has precluded a comprehensive description of the rutile metal to monoclinic insulator transition, in turn triggering a longstanding "the chicken or the egg" debate about which comes first, the Mott localisation or the Peierls distortion. Here, we suggest that this problem is in fact ill-posed: the electronic correlations and the lattice vibrations conspire to stabilise the monoclinic insulator, and so they must be both considered not to miss relevant pieces of the VO$_2$ physics. Specifically, we design a minimal model for VO$_2$ that includes all the important physical ingredients: the electronic correlations, the multi-orbital character, and the two components antiferrodistortive mode that condenses in the monoclinic insulator. We solve this model by dynamical mean-field theory within the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Consistently with the first-order character of the metal-insulator transition, the Born-Oppenheimer potential has a rich landscape, with minima corresponding to the undistorted phase and to the four equivalent distorted ones, and which translates into an equally rich thermodynamics that we uncover by the Monte Carlo method. Remarkably, we find that a distorted metal phase intrudes between the low-temperature distorted insulator and high-temperature undistorted metal, which sheds new light on the debated experimental evidence of a monoclinic metallic phase.
Comparing the Circulation of Library Materials Ordered by Faculty and Librarians

Circulation data for materials received over a two-year period by an undergraduate library were analyzed to determine if faculty members or librarians were more effective selectors. The results indicate differing patterns of use of the materials ordered by the two groups. Circulation is unevenly distributed among the materials ordered by faculty while the usage of librarian ordered materials is more uniform. This could result from the differences in the selection processes between the two groups. At least as informative as comparative data between the two groups is the fact that many materials ordered by both groups never circulated at all. Multiple approaches are needed to build an undergraduate collection which will support the needs of its users. This study evaluates the selection practices of an undergraduate institution by comparing items ordered by teaching faculty and those ordered by librarians to determine whether faculty-ordered materials or librarian-ordered materials circulate more.
Improving the quality and usability of everyday products: A case for report systems

Quality is “fit for purpose” and not a feature inherent to an entity. For products designed for interactive use, the concept of usability has expanded the term quality in consideration of ergonomic features. The user perceived quality (UPQ) of products represents one face of quality, the other face being the objective quality. Designing a product in consideration of UPQ requires the translation of user centered criteria into product related. In determining UPQ, various reasons may exist for not being able to fully recognize users' needs. In addition, the vendor may fail in materializing recognized needs of users. The “Survival Path Model for Undocumented Features” demonstrates that causes of failure introduced during the planning phase of a product can survive all phases of the life cycle and become efficient with the help of latent failures. These reasons suggest that installing a report system that conveys relevant information from the practice can be beneficial. This article discusses the outcome of a successful simulation of a report system and its contribution to the product quality of a well-designed printing unit. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cloud Computing for Libraries

Cloud computing is a computing platform that allows access over internet by using desktop computers, laptops, tablet PCs and smart phones without any software and storage unit. Mobile devices are provided to access information at anytime from anywhere. Mobile cloud computing is adaptation of the structure of cloud within a mobile environment. Many organizations use this technology and save time and money, such as libraries. Libraries have been adopting their reference services to the new technology and library functions have been moving to the cloud. This paper defines cloud computing, mobile cloud computing, presents the opportunities and challenges, in addition these shows the usage of cloud computing using the references of librarians in university libraries from Ankara, Turkey.
On design-oriented research and digital learning materials in higher education

The context of the research described in this thesis is formed by a number of research projects that were aimed at the design, development, implementation, use and evaluation of innovative digital learning materials. Most of these projects were carried out mainly within Wageningen University. In this thesis, these projects are collectively referred to as 'WU Projects'. During this research it became clear that available literature provided insufficient support with respect to a number of issues. Examples are 'How to phrase research questions? ', 'What output to expect? ', 'What type of evaluation is relevant? ' and 'What methods should be used? '. In fact, in parallel with the WU projects, the body of literature on methodology for design related research approaches in several disciplines was growing considerably. This thesis aims to contribute to this methodological discussion. In addition, this thesis presents a view on the characteristics and possibilities of digital learning materials in higher education. In Chapters 2,3 and 4, a methodological framework for design, development, implementation, use and evaluation of innovative digital learning materials in higher education is defined and elaborated. Research that fits this framework is called design-oriented research (DOR). The framework is the result of a systems-oriented theoretical discussion of literature from a range of knowledge domains such as learning and instruction, knowledge and information systems research and engineering design. The concepts and terminology are illustrated with examples from publications that resulted from various WU projects. In addition, part of the framework is captured in a glossary of terms. The glossary aims to provide a coherent and ‘workable’ set of terms and corresponding definitions or descriptions. For many terms, this implies a compromise between natural language preferences of members of different disciplines. In Chapter 4, a classification of outputs that are potentially valuable is presented. An important implication of the view presented in this chapter, is that the actual design goal can be output, rather than input of a DOR project. This is in agreement with the view of instructional design and design of digital learning resources as processes of constraint exploration and constraint satisfaction. In Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 the most important strategic decisions in DOR projects that aim to deliver digital learning materials in higher education are discussed. In Chapter 5, a classification of design goals with their relation to various knowledge domains is presented. In Chapter 6, a classification of large-scale use scenarios with their relation to design requirements is given. Finally, Chapter 7 describes requirements and opportunities for evaluation in design-oriented research in education and reflects on evaluation in a number of WU projects. This leads to a number of suggestions for improvement with respect to evaluation in DOR.
S-Layer Glycoprotein From Lactobacillus kefiri Exerts Its Immunostimulatory Activity Through Glycan Recognition by Mincle

The development of new subunit vaccines has promoted the rational design of adjuvants able to induce a strong T-cell activation by targeting specific immune receptors. The S-layer is a (glyco)-proteinaceous envelope constituted by subunits that self-assemble to form a two-dimensional lattice that covers the surface of different species of Bacteria and Archaea. Due to their ability to self-assemble in solution, they are attractive tools to be used as antigen/hapten carriers or adjuvants. Recently, we have demonstrated that S-layer glycoprotein from Lactobacillus kefiri CIDCA 8348 (SLP-8348) enhanced the LPS-induced response on macrophages in a Ca2+-dependent manner, but the receptors involved in these immunomodulatory properties remain unknown. Therefore, we aim to determine the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) recognizing this bacterial surface glycoprotein as well as to investigate the role of glycans in both the immunogenicity and adjuvant capacity of SLP-8348. Here, using a mild periodate oxidation protocol, we showed that loss of SLP-8348 glycan integrity impairs the cell-mediated immune response against the protein. Moreover, our data indicate that the adjuvant capacity of SLP-8348 is also dependent of the biological activity of the SLP-8348 glycans. In order to evaluate the CLRs involved in the interaction with SLP-8348 an ELISA-based method using CLR–hFc fusion proteins showed that SLP-8348 interacts with different CLRs such as Mincle, SingR3, and hDC-SIGN. Using BMDCs derived from CLR-deficient mice, we show that SLP-8348 uptake is dependent of Mincle. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SLP-8348-induced activation of BMDCs as well as its adjuvant capacity relies on the presence of Mincle and its signaling adaptor CARD9 on BMDCs, since SLP-8348-activated BMDCs from Mincle−/− or CARD9−/− mice were not capable to enhance OVA-specific response in CD4+ T cells purified from OT-II mice. These findings significantly contribute to the understanding of the role of glycans in the immunomodulation elicited by bacterial SLPs and generate a great opportunity in the search for new adjuvants derived from non-pathogenic microorganisms.
Deletion of CD137 Ligand Exacerbates Renal and Cutaneous but Alleviates Cerebral Manifestations in Lupus

The CD137—CD137 ligand (CD137L) costimulatory system is a critical immune checkpoint with pathophysiological implications in autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated the role of CD137L-mediated costimulation on renal, cutaneous and cerebral manifestations in lupus and the underlying immunological mechanism. Lupus-prone C57BL/6lpr−/− (B6.lpr) mice were crossed to C57BL/6.CD137L−/− mice to obtain CD137L-deficient B6.lpr [double knock out (DKO)] mice. We investigated the extent of survival, glomerulonephritis, skin lesions, cerebral demyelination, immune deviation and long-term synaptic plasticity among the two mouse groups. Cytokine levels, frequency of splenic leukocyte subsets and phenotypes were compared between DKO, B6.lpr and B6.WT mice. A 22 month observation of 226 DKO and 137 B6.lpr mice demonstrated significantly more frequent proliferative glomerulonephritis, larger skin lesions and shorter survival in DKO than in B6.lpr mice. Conversely, microglial activation and cerebral demyelination were less pronounced while long-term synaptic plasticity, was superior in DKO mice. Splenic Th17 cells were significantly higher in DKO than in B6.lpr and B6.WT mice while Th1 and Th2 cell frequencies were comparable between DKO and B6.lpr mice. IL-10 and IL-17 expression by T cells was not affected but there were fewer IL-10-producing myeloid (CD11b+) cells, and also lower serum IL-10 levels in DKO than in B6.lpr mice. The absence of CD137L causes an immune deviation toward Th17, fewer IL-10-producing CD11b+ cells and reduced serum IL-10 levels which potentially explain the more severe lupus in DKO mice while leading to reduced microglia activation, lesser cerebral damage and less severe neurological deficits.
Transmission of Structure-Borne Sound in Buildings above Railway Tunnels

Transmission of structure-borne sound in buildings above railway tunnels is studied for a specific case: the sound is assumed to emanate from railway traffic and to be transmitted through the rock foundation into the building. Analytical models are presented for the propagation of structure-borne sound upward in buildings. The models are based on the assumption that the vibrational energy propagates from the foundation in the form of quasi-longitudinal waves. A finite ground impedance is taken into account as well as wave reflection from the roof. Results are presented for buildings constructed with either load-bearing walls or columns.
Hepatitis E Infection in HIV-Infected Patients

Background The hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. The majority of HEV cases occur in low-income countries, mainly Asia and Africa, where HEV causes large outbreaks associated with the consumption of contaminated water and high mortality in specific populations. In high-income countries, HEV infection is considered a zoonotic disease that is linked to the consumption of contaminated food. Although a high proportion of cases have self-limiting asymptomatic or subclinical infections, immunosuppression may modify the pathogenesis and clinical impact of this emerging disease. Results and Discussion Here, we review the current knowledge about the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, management and prevention of HEV infection in HIV-infected subjects. Conclusions Despite the increasing knowledge about the pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical impact of HEV infection, several major factors are faced by HIV-infected patients, including treatment recommendations, immunization and risk practices.
Contribution of the Cerebellum to Predictive Motor Control and Its Evaluation in Ataxic Patients

Goal-directed movements are predictive and multimodal in nature, especially for moving targets. For instance, during a reaching movement for a moving target, humans need to predict both motion of the target and movement of the limb. Recent computational studies show that the cerebellum predicts current and future states of the body and its environment using internal forward models. Sensory feedback signals from the periphery have delays in reaching the central nervous system, ranging between tens to hundreds of milliseconds. It is well known in engineering that feedback control based on time-delayed inputs can result in oscillatory and often unstable movements. In contrast, the brain predicts a current state from a previous state using forward models. This predictive mechanism most likely underpins stable and dexterous control of reaching movements. Although the cerebro-cerebellum has long been suggested as loci of various forward models, few methods are available to evaluate accuracy of the forward models in patients with cerebellar ataxia. Recently, we developed a non-invasive method to analyze receipt of motor commands in terms of movement kinematics for the wrist joint (Br/Kr ratio). In the present study, we have identified two components (F1 and F2) of the smooth pursuit movement. We found that the two components were in different control modes with different Br/Kr ratios. The major F1 component in a lower frequency range encodes both velocity and position of the moving target (higher Br/Kr ratio) to synchronize movement of the wrist joint with motion of the target in a predictive manner. The minor F2 component in a higher frequency range is biased to position control in order to generate intermittent small step-wise movements. In cerebellar patients, the F1 component shows a selective decrease in the Br/Kr ratio, which is correlated with decrease in accuracy of the pursuit movement. We conclude that the Br/Kr ratio of the F1 component provides a unique parameter to evaluate accuracy of the predictive control. We also discuss the pathophysiological and clinical implications for clinical ataxiology.