Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation and evolution of dwarf early-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster I. Internal kinematics

We present new medium resolution kinematic data for a sample of 21 dwarf early-type galaxies (dEs) mainly in the Virgo cluster, obtained with the WHT and INT telescopes at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (La Palma, Spain). These data are used to study the origin of the dwarf elliptical galaxy population inhabiting clusters. We confirm that dEs are not dark matter dominated galaxies, at least not up to the half-light radius. We also find that the observed galaxies in the outer parts of the cluster are mostly rotationally supported systems with disky morphological shapes. Rotationally supported dEs have rotation curves similar to those of star-forming galaxies of similar luminosity and follow the Tully-Fisher relation. This is expected if dE galaxies are the descendants of low-luminosity star-forming systems that have recently entered the cluster environment and lost their gas due to a ram-pressure stripping event, quenching their star formation activity and transforming into quiescent systems, but conserving their angular momentum.
An Empirical Study on the Success Factors of Inter- Firm Alliances for New Product Development: With a Focus on the SMEs in Korea

The purpose of this study is to identify the major determinants of performance of the R&D alliances, with an aim toward raising the success rate in cooperative relationships. In particular, this study assesses whether the success factors of purchasing relationship identified in the literature apply equally to SMEs in Korea. The results of this study indicate that inter-firm cooperation, experienced cooperation, and efficiency of government support have positive impacts on the purchase rate of new products. On the other hand, R&D intensity and resources of competencies of the firm do not influence it. Additionally, market attractiveness does not moderate the effects of the five independent variables on the purchase. The extracted determinants according to the results of surveys give valuable and practical hints to the SMEs when they make a decision on their R&D alliances with large enterprises.
Pile-ups in thin foils: application to transmission electron microscopy analysis of short-range-order

The chemical force acting on dislocations in a short-range-ordered concentrated Ni-based alloy is investigated by post mortem and in-situ transmission electron microscopy. For this purpose, the positions of the dislocations in a pile-up are calculated, taking into account the stress relaxation at the free surfaces. The calculation shows that the distribution of the first dislocations of the pile-up is only slightly affected by the presence of the free surfaces, while the length of the pile-up strongly depends on the thickness of the foil. Analysis of pile-ups in two short-range-ordered Ni-based alloys shows that the chemical force resulting from short-range order (SRO) is noticeable up to the sixth dislocation of the pile-up. These results indicate the presence of very small short-range-ordered clusters, rather than a homogeneously distributed SRO.
Alleviation of Adverse Effects of Salt Stress in Wheat Cultivars by Foliar Treatment with Antioxidants I. Changes in Growth, Some Biochemical Aspects and Yield Quantity and Quality

Among the abiotic stresses, salinity is one of the most destructive factors which limit crop production considerably. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to study the differential responses of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to salinity stress (0, 3000 and 6000 mg/l) and foliar treatment with 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/l ascobin (compound composed of ascorbic acid and citric acid) were studied. Irrigation with different salinity levels caused significant reduction in most of growth parameters (plant height, number leaves/plant, leaf area/plant, circumference of main stem, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots) and some physiological parameters (IAA, GA cytokinins, photosynthetic pigments, polysaccharides and total carbohydrate contents). 3, The reduction effect on Giza 168 cultivar was higher than Sids 1 cultivar at different salinity levels. Meanwhile TSS% content was increased under salt stress conditions. The increase was higher in Giza 168 than Sids 1. Salinity stress with different levels caused higher reduction in yield and yield components (plant height, spike length, number of spikes/plant, number spikelets/spike, spike weight, grain weight/plant and 1000 grains weight) and nutritional value of the yielded grains (total carbohydrates and total protein) of Giza 168 than of Sids 1 cultivar. Application of ascobin with different concentrations not only mitigated the inhibitory effect of salt stress in both wheat cultivars, but also in some cases induced a stimulatory effect greater than that estimated in the control plants on growth parameters which were accompanied by marked increases in IAA, GA , 3 cytokinins, photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates and polysaccharides contents. While, decreases in ABA as compared with those of the reference controls. On the other hand, yield and yield components showed progressive increases with increasing ascobin treatments. Also the nutritional values of the yielded grains were also increased in response to ascobin treatment in both cultivars.
WFC3 TV3 Testing: UVIS Science Monitor

Ten runs of the UVIS science monitor program were executed during WFC3 Thermal-Vacuum test #3, which provides a performance monitor of the UVIS channel via bias, dark, flat field, PSF, and throughput test exposures. The results show very good repeatability and stability of all measured performance parameters and that the UVIS channel easily meets or exceeds nearly all of the Contract End Item requirements that can be assessed with these data.
Comparing the determinants of concern about terrorism and crime

Both crime and terrorism impose costs onto society through the channels of fear and worry. Identifying and targeting groups that are especially affected by worries might be one way to reduce the total costs of these two types of insecurity. However, compared with the drivers of the fear of crime, the determinants of concerns regarding global terrorism are less well known. Using nationally representative survey data, we analyse and compare the individual determinants of concern about global terrorism and crime. We show that worries about terrorism are driven by similar determinants as those about crime, which could have important policy implications. We, furthermore, provide an insight into the structure of the determinants of concerns regarding other public and private goods.
The effects of cooking on oxalate content in Malaysian soy-based dishes: Comparisons with raw soy products

The advantage of cooking cannot be summarized just as the better food digestion. Some investigations showed the effect of cooking on reduction of food anti-nutrients such as oxalate. This study was aimed to determine the effect of cooking on oxalate content and its negative effects on calcium availability in eight Malaysian soy-based dishes. Since there is few data which examined the effects of cooking on food oxalate content globally, thus this study was designed as the first in Malaysia. Oxalate in this research was analyzed by using enzymatic methods, while calcium content was determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The oxalate concentration was in the range of 6.43-19.40 mg/100 g for whole cooked samples, 9.03-11.90 mg/100 g for raw soy products, and 4.36-7.99 mg/100 g for cooked ones. There were 5 out of 12 samples containing oxalate, which was significantly lower (p 0.05). Oxalate in raw/cooked fermented soy products (tempeh) was slightly lower compared to the non-fermented ones. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in oxalate amount between fermented and non-fermented soy products. As Oxalate/Calcium ratio was below 1, oxalate did not have an effect on availability of calcium in the studied samples. Optimal cooking and food processing might be effective in reducing oxalate content in soy products. There is a need for more investigations about the effect of cooking on soy products to confirm the present results.
Use of Mango Seed Kernels for the Development of Antioxidant Rich Biscuits

Mango seeds are nutritionally dense by-product of mangoes but commonly discarded as waste. The purpose of the study was proper utilization of mango seed kernels. Mango seed kernels were processed and flour was prepared for the development of antioxidant rich biscuits. One control and four experimental samples were prepared by incorporating 10-40 percent level of mango seed kernel flour and evaluated for their sensory attributes. Control and acceptable experimental sample were analysed for their nutritional composition. Incorporation of mango seed kernel flour in biscuits at 30 percent level was organoleptically acceptable. The energy, crude fat, crude fiber and total ash content of developed biscuits were significantly higher (p<0.01) as compare to control samples. A significant increase (p<0.01) in minerals such as calcium, iron and magnesium content of developed biscuits was found. Antioxidant activity was found to be significantly higher (p<0.01) in mango seed kernel flour supplemented biscuits and percent increase in antioxidant activity was 23 per cent. Hence, the use of mango seed kernel flour can play an important role in improving nutritional value of diets.
A Better Life for All? Democratization and Electrification in Post-Apartheid South Africa

Does democracy affect basic service delivery? If yes, who benefits, and which elements of democracy matter—enfranchisement, the liberalization of political organization, or both? In 1994, 19 million South Africans gained the right to vote. The previously banned African National Congress was elected promising “a better life for all. ” Using a difference-in-differences approach, we exploit heterogeneity in the share of newly enfranchised voters across municipalities to evaluate how franchise extension affected household electrification. Our unique data set combines night-light satellite imagery, geo-referenced census data, and municipal election results from the 1990s. We include covariates, run placebo regressions, and examine contiguous census tracts. We find that enfranchisement increased electrification. In parts of the country where municipalities lacked distribution capacity, the national electricity company prioritized core constituencies of the ANC. The effect of democratization on basic services depends on the national government’s ability to influence distribution at the local level.
The activity and lethality of militant groups: Ideology, capacity, and environment

What determines the activity and lethality of militant groups? To answer this question, a two-step count method disentangles activity and lethality in terms of ideology, capacity, and environmental factors. A first step assesses the correlates of group activity, measured by the number of incidents in which a group was involved. The second step considers the number of fatalities, conditional on the number of incidents. Similar factors drive militant group activity and lethality, but some links are stronger than others. Specifically, ideological factors are particularly strong determinants of lethality; capacity and environmental factors matter more for activity.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ASSOCIATIVE POLYMER SOLUTIONS

Approximately half of oil production nowadays is a result of waterflood and a major concern of this process is mobility control of the injected phase. With the unfavorable mobility ratio, chanelling through permeable zones and the fingering effect can occur that leads to an early water breakthrough and inefficient flooding. By adding polymer to the injection water and, consequently, increasing the water viscosity, the displacement becomes more stable and a greater flood efficiency can be achieved. A large number of polymer field applications were carried out in recent years with varying degrees of success. During this period, new kinds of polymers have been developed to improve displacement properties. Associative water-soluble polymer is a new type of polymer that is recently introduced to oil field application. The main attractions of these polymers are their significant viscosity enhancement ability compared with the conventional polymers and their potential salinity-tolerance that would be more practical in the real application. This research investigates the physical properties of associative polymer solutions using laboratory work. The experiments were conducted in a sand-packed column to measure 2 main properties: permeability reduction and inaccessible pore volume. Permeability reduction is the ratio of water permeability upon the polymer solution permeability. For each polymer, permeability reduction is observed and it increases with increasing molecular weight and concentration. In the case of conventional polymer, permeability reduction is more sensitive to the polymer concentration especially at high concentration. Inaccessible pore volume is observed in each kind of polymer development. The effluent concentration profiles of the polymer and the salt used as the tracer from the experiment indicate that the IPVs for both associative and conventional polymers are approximately 30%. The superposition method is used to construct the model to interpret the experimental data more accurately.
REST/NRSF is a master negative transcriptional factor for neurogenic program by maintaining stem cell quiescence in adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Acknowledgement Dedication Glossary and Abbreviations List of Figures Chapter 1: Introduction A. Adult Neurogenesis. 1. Discovery and History of Field. 2. Short description of SVZ and SGZ niches. 3. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors Affecting Adult Neurogenesis 4. Contribution of newly generated neurons to hippocampal circuitry and function. B. REST/ NRSF. 1. Discovery and cloning. 2. Action as transcriptional repressor. Chapter 2: Materials and Methods. A. Generation of conditional induced NRSF knockout mice. B. Characterization of NRSF cKO phenotype. 1. Tamoxifen treatment scheme. 2. Sacrifice of animals, Perfusion and Tissue Processing. C. Immunohistochemistry and co-localization. D. Microscopic Analysis and quantification. E. Statistics and analysis. Chapter 3: Results 1. NRSF Expression Pattern in Adult Brain.
Subarcsecond mid-infrared and radio observations of the W3 IRS5 protocluster

Observations at mid-infrared (4.8–17.65 μ m) and radio (0.7–1.3 cm) wavelengths are used to constrain the structure of the high-mass star-forming region W3 IRS5 on 0$\farcs$1 (200 AU) scales. Two bright mid-infrared sources are detected, as well as diffuse emission. The bright sources have associated compact radio emission and probably are young high-mass stars. The measured sizes and estimated temperatures indicate that these sources together can supply the observed far-infrared luminosity. However, an optically thick radio source with a possible mid-infrared counterpart may also contribute significant luminosity; if so, it must be extremely deeply embedded. The infrared colour temperatures of 350–390 K and low radio brightness suggest gravitational confinement of the H ii regions and ongoing accretion at a rate of a few 10 -8 $M_{\odot}$ yr -1 or more. Variations in the accretion rate would explain the observed radio variability. The low estimated foreground extinction suggests the existence of a cavity around the central stars, perhaps blown by stellar winds. At least three radio sources without mid-infrared counterparts appear to show proper motions of ~100 km s -1 , and may be deeply embedded young runaway OB stars, but more likely are clumps in the ambient material which are shock-ionized by the OB star winds.
Effect of caseinomacropeptide concentrate addition on the growth of bifidobacteria

We investigated the effect of caseinomacropeptide concentrate (CMP) on the growth and metabolic activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum CCDM 94 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 in skim milk with the addition of glucose and of various combinations of yeast extract, L-cysteine-HCl, ascorbic acid, and CMP. The microorganisms grew well on the medium containing a combination of all the nutrients mentioned, and on that where only L-cysteine-HCl was missing. In the media enhanced with CMP a shorter lag-phase occurred than in those without CMP. The shortest lag-phase and the longest log-phase with a high growth rate were observed in media No. 2 (complete medium with CMP) and No. 8 (complete medium without L-cysteine-HCl).
The Impact of Creative Circles on EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Creative Circles approach in developing Saudi EFL middle school learners’ reading comprehension. The study was carried out at a Saudi middle school in Jeddah, involving three intact third grade classes. A triangulated approach was adopted in order to collect data by means of multiple instruments- reading comprehension test, reflective journals and semi-structured interviews over the period of a school term. The results revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group’s reading comprehension abilities. The success of Creative Circles approach could be attributed to its adoption of collaborative reading as a teaching/learning technique, explicit teaching of reading skills, attention to low-level and high level reading processes and metacognitive awareness. Moreover, the experimental group as well as their teacher indicated that the new approach has immensely helped in addressing the issue of vocabulary learning. They also described the approach as efficient and flexible in large and mix-abilities classes.
Urban Development and Air Pollution: Evidence from a Global Panel of Cities

We exploit a unique panel of 75 metro areas (‘cities’) across the globe and employ a cityfixed effects model to identify the determinants of within-city changes in air pollution concentration between 2005 and 2011. Increasing car and population densities significantly reduce air pollution concentration in city centers where air pollution induced health risks are greatest. These effects are largely confined to cities in non-OECD countries. Two possible mechanisms for the negative effect of car density are explored: (i) increasing car density permits a decentralization of residential and economic activity; and (ii) car usage substitutes for motorbike usage. We find limited evidence in favour of (i) and no evidence in favour of (ii). We also observe a complex relationship between income and pollution concentration as well as a general downward-trend in pollution concentration over time. Overall, our findings are indicative that densely populated polycentric cities may be ‘greener’ and ‘healthier’ than comparable monocentric ones.
Self-talk and injury rehabilitation

It has been argued that psychological interventions may help athletes to overcome the potential psychological barriers set by injury and speed up the rehabilitation process (Wiese, Weiss, & Yukelson, 1991). One psychological technique that has been proposed toward this aim is positive self-talk (Ievleva and Orlick, 1991). This study examined the effectiveness of self-talk on increasing performance during an injury rehabilitation program. An experimental (N=16) and a control group (N=14) were studied. Both groups underwent a quadriceps strengthening program on isokenetic dynamometer. During the training sessions the experimental group was presented positive messages by means of a computer multimedia program. Results showed that the experimental group improved its performance significantly more than the control group. It appears that the self-talk technique would be beneficial to performance enhancement during rehabilitation. Further, the results support the recommendation for psychological skills training in injury rehabilitation.
The long-term effect of relational information in classification learning

This study examines the long-term effect of mutual information in the learning of Shepardian classifications. Mutual information is a measure of the complexity of the relationship between features because it quantifies how the features relate to each other. For instance, in various categorisation models, Type VI concepts—originally studied by Shepard, Hovland, and Jenkins (1961)—are unanimously judged to be the most complex kind of 3-D Boolean concepts. This has been largely confirmed by empirical data. Yet, it is apparently inconsistent with the fact that this concept entails the greatest amount of mutual information of all the 3-D Boolean concepts. The present study was aimed at verifying whether individuals can use relational information, in the long run, to devise easier strategies for category learning. Subject performance was measured repeatedly for 1 hour on either successive Type VI concepts (using different features between problems) or successive Type IV concepts. The results showed that shortly after the second problem, Type VI concepts became easier to learn than Type IV ones. The gap between the mean per-problem error rates of the two concepts continued to increase as the number of problems increased. Two other experiments tended to confirm this trend. The discussion brings up the idea of combining different metrics in categorisation models in order to include every possible way for subjects to simplify the categorisation process.
Extratropical signature of the quasi‐biennial oscillation

Using the assimilated data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, we show that the extratropical signature of the tropical quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is seen mostly in the North Annular Mode (NAM) of atmospheric variability. To understand the extratropical manifestation of the QBO, we discuss two effects that have been suggested earlier: (1) The extratropical circulation is driven by the QBO modulation of the planetary wave flux, and (2) the extratropical circulation is driven by the QBO-induced meridional circulation. We found that the first effect is seen in wave 1 in the beginning of winter and in wave 2 in the end of winter. The QBO-induced circulation affects midlatitude regions over the entire winter. To investigate the QBO-NAM coupling, we use an equation that relates the stream function of the meridional circulation and the polar cap averaged temperature, which is a proxy for the NAM index. In addition to the annual Ω_a and the QBO frequency Ω_Q the spectrum of its solutions indicates the satellite frequencies at Ω_a ± Ω_Q.
Reconceptualizing Stigma: Toward a Critical Anti-Oppression Paradigm

Theorists concerned with mental health prejudice and discrimination have conceptualized these problems as stigma , typically defined as a labeling process that triggers stereotyping, followed by acts of discrimination that result in loss of status and reduced life options for people who are perceived to have mental illnesses (Goffman, 1963; Link & Phelan, 2001). Other stigma theorists have advocated for a social justice perspective (e.g., Corrigan, Watson, Byrne, & Davis, 2005; Perlin & Dorfman, 1993) or have recognized the need to consider meso- and macro-level factors (Pescosolido, Martin, Lang, & Olafsdottir, 2008) or structural arrangements (e.g., Corrigan, Markowitz, & Watson, 2004). Informed by critical theories and oppression literature, this paper offers theoretical arguments for replacing the current stigma model with a critical anti-oppression paradigm. This paradigm expands our lens to emphasize transforming the power dynamics inherent in system-level arrangements and structures that privilege those who are perceived as not having mental illnesses while disadvantaging others who are perceived to have mental illnesses. We conclude with implications of this paradigm for practice and research.