Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective Elastic Thicknesses of the Lithosphere and Mechanisms of Isostatic Compensation in Australia

The isostatic compensation of the Australian lithosphere is examined using the coherence of the two-dimensional Fourier transforms of Bouguer gravity and topography. The isostatic model assumes regional compensation of an elastic plate that undergoes flexure in response to surface and subsurface loading. A least squares inversion of the observed coherence for continental Australia yields an effective elastic thickness of 130 km (corresponding flexural rigidity of 2.0×1025 N m). The model indicates that loads with wavelengths of greater than 1500 km are locally compensated, loads with wavelengths in the range 600–1500 km are partially supported by the strength of the lithosphere, and loads with wavelengths of less than 600 km are almost completely supported by lithospheric strength. Regions within the continent with different ages and tectonic histories exhibit effective elastic thicknesses that increase with the time since lithospheric stabilization. Precambrian shields in western, northern, and southern Australia are well fit by an elastic plate with a thickness of the order of 100 km. The Phanerozoic Interior Lowlands have elastic thicknesses that range from 30 to 80 km, and the Eastern Highlands have thicknesses of 15–35 km. The theoretical model of predicted coherence, which assumes statistically independent surface and subsurface loads, does not provide a good fit to the coherence spectrum for the intracratonic basins of central Australia. The disagreement of the model and observations is most simply explained by statistically correlated surface and subsurface loads. Calculations of load distributions show that most of the elevation of the Western Shield can be represented as a locally compensated plateau with wavelengths greater than 1000 km; smaller-amplitude, shorter-wavelength relief appears almost entirely as surface loading. Approximately half of the topographic amplitude of the Southeastern Highlands is locally compensated, and both surface and subsurface loading contribute significantly to the regionally compensated topography. The low rigidity and subsurface loading in southeastern Australia are consistent with crustal underplating, igneous intrusion, and thermal perturbation of the upper mantle as mechanisms for the uplift and compensation of the highlands.
The Development of Learning Devices Based Guided Discovery Model to Improve Understanding Concept and Critical Thinking Mathematically Ability of Students at Islamic Junior High School of Medan.

The purpose of this research was to: 1) development of learning devices based guided discovery model in improving of understanding concept and critical thinking mathematically ability of students at Islamic Junior High School; 2) describe improvement understanding concept and critical thinking mathematically ability of students at MTs by using learning devices based guided discovery model; 3) desc ribe students’ responses toward learning devices based guided discovery model in improving of understanding concept and critical thinking mathematically ability of students at MTs; and 4) describe the settlement process of the student’s answers in solving problems of understanding concepts and critical thinking mathematically ability of students. This research was a research development, it was conducted in two stages, the first stage is the development of learning devices based guided discovery with the reference Four-D model, and the second stage is to try-out of learning package. The populations of this research were all of the students at Private MTs of Medan and the sample chosen is purposive sampling which were in eighth grade A of Private MTs IRA and eighth grade A of MTs Lab. IKIP AlWashliyah. From the results of trials I and trials II obtained: 1) learning devices that meet the criteria of effectiveness, effectiveness in terms of a) students mastery learning in the classically; b) achievement of learning purpose; and c) learning time; 2) learning devices based guided discovery model is able to improve the understanding concept and critical thinking mathematically ability of students; 3) Students' responses to components of learning devices and learning activities were positive 4) the settlement process of the students’ answers to problems solving about the understanding concept and critical thinking mathematically ability of students with guided discovery model more varied and better. Furthermore, it was suggested that teachers can use guided discovery learning model by presenting problems related to daily life as an alternative student learning.
Antifeedant Activities of the Erythrinaline Alkaloids from Erythrina latissima against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera noctuidae)

The antifeedant activities of the Erythrina alkaloids from the seeds, seed pods and flowers of Erythrina latissima were investigated in laboratory dual- choice bioassays using third-instar Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) larvae. The new compound (+)-11 �-methoxy-10-oxoerysotramidine ( 1) from the flowers, showed potent dose dependant activity at concentration 500
The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases a nd Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in the Progression of Astrocytomas

Neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) constitute a group of tumors that are heterogeneous in epidemiology, biological behavior, genetic alterations, histological type, tumor location, pattern of spread, clinical presentation, natural history, age of occurrence, and prognosis (Behin et al., 2003; Louis, 2006; Stroher et al., 2000). According to the 2010 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results [SEER] data, there were approximately 22,020 deaths from cancers of the brain and nervous system in the U.S. As reported by Binder et al., (2003) and Wrensch et al., (2002), some 7 to 16 cases of primary CNS tumors per 100,000 person-years are diagnosed in adults; approximately 50% of these cases are metastatic tumors, according to Hill et al. 1999. CNS tumors are the third leading cause of cancer deaths in middle-aged adults, the second most common cause of death in children, and the most common solid tumor in children (Giles, 1995; Heuer et al., 2007). The incidence of CNS tumors in children and adolescents is approximately 2.7 cases per 100,000 patients per year. This figure accounts for 16% of the neoplasms within this group, making CNS tumors the second most frequent type of cancer (after leukemia) in young patients (20 years old and younger). The mortality rate observed with CNS tumors is one of the highest among childhood cancers. Diagnosis and treatment improvements, however, has contributed to the survival of these patients (Potter et al., 1998). Epidemiological studies have shown a slight increase in the incidence of CNS tumors during the 1980s and 1990s in children and the elderly (Fisher et al. 2007; Swensen & Bushouse 1998). The apparent increase in the number of cases of CNS cancers is directly linked to the implementation of high-resolution neuroimaging tools, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT), which have impacted the clinical diagnosis of neurological diseases (Cristensen et al., 2003; Fisher et al., 2007). Another
Environmentally Sustainable Practices at Small Community Sport Facilities

Despite the “greening” trend of professional/university sport organizations adopting more environmentally friendly approaches to the management of their sport facilities, a significant “greening gap” has grown between those organizations and the thousands of small community sport facilities (SCSFs) across the country. These SCSFs have yet been able to integrate environmentally sustainable (ES) policies into their operations in the way that the professional and university facilities have. As limited research existed in this area, I conducted a qualitative research investigation utilizing the framework of the diffusion of innovation theory to explore SCSF managers’ perceptions concerning the implementation of ES in the maintenance and operation of their facilities. In order to collect the necessary data to develop a deeper understanding of the SCSF managers’ perceptions, I conducted interviews with seven SCSF managers across New England to assess awareness and priority of ES in the SCSF managers’ jobs, as well as to identify what barriers the they saw as preventing them from implementing more ES enhancements. The results indicated that SCSF managers were only superficially aware of ES practices and that the respondents perceived that a lack of available funding was the greatest factor preventing them from implementing ES enhancements. However, a deeper analysis of the data revealed that it was not funding, but rather a fundamental lack of understanding of ES – or at least an inability to articulate what ES meant in the context of their job – that was the most significant factor limiting the adoption of ES innovations. Accordingly, the implication of these findings suggest that the roadmap to increased adoption of ES initiatives at SCSFs begins with an enhanced educational focus with the goal of elevating ES to a foundational pillar within university Sport Management curriculum.
Fetal Outcome in Isolated Oligohydraminos: A Prospective Study

Amniotic Fluid is essential for the growth and development of the growing fetus. It is maximum at around thirty seven weeks of pregnancy and then gradually decreases. Decrease in the amniotic fluid is associated with maternal obstetric complication like PIH, IUGR and increases the risk of fetal morbidity and mortality. This is a prospective study carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Sixty women with isolated oligohydraminos beyond 34 weeks of gestation were included in the study. In this study, meconium stained liquor, non reassuring heart rate and the rate of cesarean section was observed to be high in isolated oligohydraminos but however, there was no NICU admission and neonatal mortality in this study.
As formigas (Insecta: Hymenoptera) na concepção dos moradores de Pedra Branca, Santa Terezinha, estado da Bahia, Brasil

espanolSe discute como las hormigas (Insecta: Hymenoptera) son percibidas, conocidas y utilizadas por los habitantes del poblado de Pedra Branca, ubicado en el estado de Bahia, nordeste de Brasil. La investigacion de campo ocurrio de abril hasta diciembre de 2004. Dados han sido obtenidos de 20 hombres y 29 mujeres a traves de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grabadas, realizandose un abordaje emicista. Los resultados indican que el generico “hormiga” es usado como una categoria etnotaxonomica que reune organismos sistematicamente no relacionados, ademas de Formicidae de la clasificacion lineana. En el sistema de clasificacion etnoentomologico, los entrevistados han citado 42 nombres locales e hormigas, pero muchos son terminos sinonimos. Ellos atribuyeron caracteristicas cualitativas a las “hormigas”, muchas de las cuales son antropomorficas. “Hormigas” causan varios danos para los seres humanos una vez que ellas amenazan la salud, los materiales y los cultivos y plantas fructiferas locales. “Hormigas” tambien estan asociadas con condiciones meteorologicas. Informacion nativa sobre la historia natural de etnoespecies de “hormigas” culturalmente importantes ha sido registrada Cuatro conexiones etnozoologicas han sido registradas: medicinal, trofica, ludica y ritualistica. Se concluye que el conocimiento entomologico tradicional de los pobladores de Pedra Branca sobre las hormigas es racionalmente coherente con el conocimiento entomologico academico, y asi es importante como una fuente de informacion acerca de las especies locales, su biologia y comportamiento. EnglishThis paper discusses how ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera) are perceived, known and used by the dwellers of the county of Pedra Branca, which is located in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Fieldwork was carried out from April to December 2004. Data were obtained from 20 men and 29 women by performing open-ended, tape-recorded interviews and following an emicist approach. Results show that the generic “ant” is used as an ethnotaxonomic category that brings together not systematically related organisms, besides the Formicidae of the Linnaean classification. In their ethnoentomological classification system, interviewed people have cited 42 ant local names, but many are synonymous names. They have attributed qualitative characteristics to these “ants”, many of which are anthropomorphic. “Ants” cause several damages to human beings as they harm their health, materials, and local crops and fructiferous plants. Ants are also associated to meteorological conditions. Information on the natural history of culturally significant “ants” ethnospecies was recorded. Four ethnozoological connections were recorded: medicinal, trophic, ludic, and ritualistic. It is concluded that the traditional entomological knowledge of Pedra Branca’s inhabitants concerning the ants is rationally coherent with the academic entomological knowledge, and thus it is important as a source of information about the local species, their biology and behavior
A case of glomerulonephritis showing remarkable segmental extracapillary proliferation; Is this a new category disease or not?

Background: Significant capillary proliferation is common in post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) after streptococci and is a prognostic disease. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a disease characterized by segmental sclerosis although it may have a poor prognosis Case Presentation: A 50-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome underwent renal biopsy, which showed marked endocapillary proliferation due to enlarged vascular endothelial cells and infiltration of lymphocytes. However, there was no mesangial cell proliferation, mesangial matrix increase, or crescent formation. Electron microscopy showed fusion of podocytes without any electron-dense deposits. Immunostaining for CD68 and CD3 was positive, and the presence of macrophages and T-cells was suggested. Steroid therapy, including pulse therapy, was performed, and then cyclosporine was added to steroid therapy. Although urinary protein decreased, his renal function did not respond well to steroid therapy, and the patient initiated dialysis 2 years later. Conclusions: We report this case considering that it was nephritis of unknown origin showing segmental endocapillary proliferation that had not been recognized previously.
Characterization of Ethylcellulose and Hydroxypropyl MethylcelluloseMicrospheres for Controlled Release of Flurbiprofen

Characterization of Ethylcellulose and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Microspheres for Controlled Release of Flurbiprofen The objective of this study was to design and optimize polymeric microspheres of flurbiprofen (FLB) with ethylcellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) using response surface methodology. EC and HPMC were taken as independent variables whereas; the dependent variables were % drug release at pH 1.2, 4.5 and 7.4. FTIR spectra and TGA showed no significant difference between drug and polymers. DSC and XRD studies exhibited molecular dispersion of FLB within microspheres. Contour plots were drawn to predict the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Both polymers revealed their significant effects on drug release that followed the zero order which was further verified by the lowest values of Akaike information criterion. The mechanism of drug release followed super case II type of drug release. This study helped unraveling the influence of two factors on in-vitro drug release and thereby, proposed an appropriate sustained drug release formulation.
A gas-rich AGN near the centre of a galaxy cluster at z ~ 1.4

The formation of the first virialized structures in overdensities dates back to ~9 Gyr ago, i.e. in the redshift range z ~ 1.4 - 1.6. Some models of structure formation predict that the star formation activity in clusters was high at that epoch, implying large reservoirs of cold molecular gas. Aiming at finding a trace of this expected high molecular gas content in primeval clusters, we searched for the 12CO(2-1) line emission in the most luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN) of the cluster around the radio galaxy 7C 1756+6520 at z ~ 1.4, one of the farthest spectroscopic confirmed clusters. This AGN, called AGN.1317, is located in the neighbourhood of the central radio galaxy at a projected distance of ~780 kpc. The IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer was used to investigate the molecular gas quantity in AGN.1317, observing the 12CO(2-1) emission line. We detect CO emission in an AGN belonging to a galaxy cluster at z ~ 1.4. We measured a molecular gas mass of 1.1 x 10^10 Msun, comparable to that found in submillimeter galaxies. In optical images, AGN.1317 does not seem to be part of a galaxy interaction or merger.We also derived the nearly instantaneous star formation rate (SFR) from Halpha flux obtaining a SFR ~65 Msun/yr. This suggests that AGN.1317 is actively forming stars and will exhaust its reservoir of cold gas in ~0.2-1.0 Gyr.
THE NATURE OF PARAGHRVSOTILE

The structural and textural features of parachrysotile have been re-examined on the basis of electron-diffraction patterns of single fibrils found in a specimen of nemalite from Jeffrey mine, Asbestos, Qu6bec. Some of the diffuse reflections, hitherto regarded as cross-grating reflections from layers in a cylindrical structure, show humps of intensity similar to those producecl by Povlen-type chrysotile. Intensity profiles calculated for a cylindrical structure do not reproduce these humps of intensity. However, contrary to earlier suggestions, the fibrils are not lathlike, for the symmetry of a sinele-fibril diffraction pattern approximates that of a single-crystal rotation photograph. Parachrysotile probably resembles Povlen-type chrvsotile in containing a variable amount of a polygonal tubular component.
Direct Instruction and Music Literacy: One Approach to Augmenting the Diminishing?.

One of the many challenges facing music educators is diminishing class time in lower secondary school in the face of the increasingly crowded curriculum and the advent of arts 'taster' courses. However, music educators are still expected to be able to produce musically literate students capable of completing high level music courses in upper secondary school. This article reports on an intervention study which set out to accelerate music literacy acquisition among Year 7 students through use of a Direct Instruction (DI) teaching approach. Although controversial, Direct Instruction was chosen because its advocates claim its effectiveness and time efficiency in teaching basic skills. The study involved the development of a carefully scripted 10 minute per lesson DI music literacy program which was then implemented in a control group research setting. Two classes of Year 7 students (40 students) were taught music literacy via the DI program, while two separate Year 7 classes (34 students) acted as the control group. The intervention was administered over a trimester of 20 lessons (13 weeks), with levels of student music literacy tested via Gordon's Iowa Tests for Music Literacy at both the pre and post-test stages. The results revealed significant increases in music literacy levels among the DI classes, especially on the measures of rhythmic literacy. Given these results, the researchers recommend further investigation of the potential of DI as an instructional method in music education for better utilising diminishing class teaching time and improving student music literacy levels among lower secondary school students.
Responses of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates to Stream Channel Reconstruction in a Degraded Rangeland Creek in the Sierra Nevada

Streams on western rangelands are sometimes degraded to the point that reestablishing lost ecological values requires rebuilding their physical structure, shape, and form. We evaluated the biological response to reconstruction of a small rangeland stream channel through comparisons of aquatic invertebrate communities before and after engineering activities and in relation to local and regional reference stream conditions. We measured geomorphic and riparian habitat features along with benthic macroinvertebrates for two years prior to restoration actions and for two years afterward. Stream restoration activities included the construction of a new channel to replace an incised meadow stream reach (including addition of coarse rock substrate, erosion control fabric, and willow planting) and the rehabilitation of gullies and roads in the meadow and its watershed. In postproject monitoring, we found statistically significant changes in the macroinvertebrate community and trophic structure at the restored site. These were exhibited as increases in EPT taxa (mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies) and the proportion and diversity of sensitive taxa, decreased tolerant taxa, and an increase in consumers of riparian organic matter (shredders) and decrease in fine organic particle filter-feeders. A site monitored downstream of the restoration activities exhibited increased deposition of fines and sand one year after project construction, but was similar to preproject conditions in the second year, and the macroinvertebrate community was unchanged. Improved biological integrity at the restored site showed that rapid recovery can occur in rebuilt streams within rehabilitated watersheds, but neither degraded nor enhanced conditions were transferred to downstream habitat, at least over the initial postproject period.
Pharmacology of the GLP-1 Analog Liraglutide in Healthy Cats

ii Vita.iii List of Tables.iv List of Figures.vi List of Abbreviations.vii Chapter 1: Introduction.1 Chapter 2: The Incretin Effect.4 Incretins and Glycemic Regulation.6 Reduced Incretin Effect in T2DM.12 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Therapeutic Goals.13 Incretin-based Therapy in Humans with T2DM.14 Liraglutide Pharmacodynamics in People.16 Liraglutide Clinical Trials in People.17 Actual and Potential Side Effects of Liraglutide.19 Liraglutide Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.22 Incretin-based Therapies in Cats.23 vi Chapter 3: Pharmacology of the GLP-1 Analog Liraglutide in Healthy Cats.25 Introduction.25 Materials and Methods.27 Animals.27 Study Design.27 Hyperglycemic Clamp Procedure.28 GLP-1 Pharmacokinetics Study.29 Liraglutide Side Effects.29 Catheter Placement and Maintenance, Blood Collection, and Storage.29 Glucose and Hormone Measurements.31 Statistical Analysis.33 Results.34 Pharmacodynamics.34 Pharmacokinetics.40 Discussion.41 Acknowledgements.46 References.47
Active Galactic Nuclei as Feedback Source for the Host Galaxy

The Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), located in the nuclei of several galaxies, generate an extremely large quantity of energy (a factor of 10 3-4 times the radiation of the rest of the galaxy). The AGN are compact objects condensed in small distances (≤10 16-18 cm), their masses range on 10 6 -10 10 solar masses. In theory, the AGN central engine is an active Supermassive Black Hole that accretes its nearest material. In some AGN material and energy interaction between the nucleus and the galaxy have been detected. This interaction could change the stellar formation rate of the host galaxy and produce material feedback due to the blend of the AGN material and the galaxy material; those two materials have evolved in two drastic different media, while the AGN material has been processed in hard and high energy circumstances, the galaxy material has evolved mainly due to stellar formation. We present a study of 5 AGN with absorption produced by ionized materials ejected from the AGN. Our goal is to discuss if the AGN material can reach the galaxy and if so, to disturb the galaxy evolution.