Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organizational Innovations: A conceptualization of how they are created, diffused and sustained

Organizational innovations are essential for firms’ long-term competitiveness. In spite of this, there is less research on organizational innovations than on technical innovations. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to our understanding of how organizational innovations are created, diffused, and sustained. The journey started by exploring the creation and diffusion of organizational innovations through a literature-review-based article and an empirical study on the organizational innovation ‘TQM’. The journey continued with an empirical study elaborating upon the role of the board in sustaining the organizational innovations ‘TQM’, ‘TPS’, and ‘Lean’. In each empirical study, data were collected through interviews, supplemented by secondary data. The three concepts ‘creation’, ‘diffusion’ and ‘sustainability’ of organizational innovations were found to be three intertwined concepts, rather than three separate and sequential ones. One reason was that organizational innovations were constantly re-invented through the processes of creation, diffusion, and sustainability. In this context, the concept ‘Sustainability’ refers to an improvement trajectory, rather than to a particular organizational innovation. The improvement trajectory is path-dependent and directs the creation, diffusion and sustainability of organizational innovations to and within a firm. Due to this complexity, a question was raised about how the creation, diffusion and sustainability of organizational innovations can be understood and conceptualized (RQ1). The answer is a conceptual model that integrates the three concepts ‘creation’, ‘diffusion’ and ‘sustainability’ in a five-step process, circling around a firm-specific improvement trajectory. The five steps are: ‘Desirability’, ‘Feasibility’, ‘First-Trial’, ‘Implementation’ and ‘Sustainability’. Each step is affected by three sets of influencing factors: the external context and interpersonal diffusion channels, the firm-specific internal context, and the characteristics of the innovation itself. To find out how the characteristics of organizational innovations affect the applicability of the conceptualization (RQ2), the conceptual model was tested on a different organizational innovation ‘Google’, identified in an empirical study conducted at Google, known for its focus on continuous innovation. The test showed that the conceptual model was valid also for ‘Google’ and was useful in identifying both similarities and differences in the creation, diffusion, and sustainability of ‘TQM’/’TPS’/’Lean’ on one side and ‘Google’ on the other.
The Relationship Between Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) and Insertion Torque of Dental Implants: an in Vitro Study

Purpose: The aims of the present study are to correlate the ISQ values, registered by the Osstell ISQ system, with the insertion torque during the placement of the implant, and to assess the influence of the thread initiator on the ISQ values and on the insertion torque. Materials and methods: 140 rough surface implants screw-shaped implants, placed in 10 bovine ribs, were assigned to Group A (using the thread initiator before the insertion of the implant) or Group B (thread initiator was not used). The implants were implantedusing a manual torque wrench so insertion torque was registered. Once the implants were in place, primary stability was measured by means of RFA with the Osstell ISQ. Results: When the thread initiator was used (group A), the mean insertion torque was 24,36 ± 14,88 N and when the thread initiator was not used (group B) the mean insertion torque was 35,30 ± 10,51N. The mean ISQ of the thread initiator group was 69,14 ± 8,39 and of the non thread initiator group was 72,17 ± 5,76. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0,587 (p<0,05) for group A and 0,193 (p<0,11) for group B. Conclusions: It seems that the fact of using or not the thread initiator have no influence in the ISQ values. However, the IT decreased when the thread initiator is employed.
Reactor physics calculations for {sup 99}Mo production at the annular core research reactor

The Isotope Production and Distribution Program at the U.S. Department of Energy has designated Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) as the most appropriate facility for the production of {sup 99}Mo, a radioisotope whose daughter, {sup 99m}Tc, is used in more than 36,000 medical procedures per day in the United States and is considered to be a vital medical diagnostic and treatment tool. The isotope would be produced at SNL using the annular core research reactor (ACRR) facility and collocated hot cell facility. The {sup 99}Mo would be produced using the fission process by irradiating {open_quotes}targets{close_quotes} coated with {sup 235}U in the form of highly enriched U{sub 3}O{sub 8}. After {approximately}7 days of continuous irradiation in the ACRR, a target would be re- moved from the reactor core for processing. The isotope would be extracted by chemically precipitating the molybdenum using the {open_quotes}Cintichem{close_quotes} process and would be shipped to the various pharmaceutical companies by commercial or chartered airline.
The Three-Dimensional Structure of Transatlantic African Dust Transport : A New Perspective from CALIPSO LIDARMeasurements

The lack of information on the vertical distribution of dust, in turn, results in large uncertainties when attempting to evaluate the impacts of dust on climate processes. We analyzed over two years of LIDAR measurements from NASA’s CALIPSO and CloudSat satellites to document the vertical pathways of transatlantic transport of Saharan dust. Our analysis overcomes the limitations of quantitative dust detections with passive satellite measurements over land and low clouds and provides the fine vertical resolved structures. The results show the strong seasonal shift in dust source regions and transportation pathways due to the meteorological and thermodynamical conditions, which also control the dust vertical distribution as well as the depth of the dust layer. The dust layer top descending rates of 35 m/degree in summer, 25 m/degree in autumn and spring, and 10 m/degree in winter are found, respectively, while the dust is being transported across the Atlantic. Comparison with the model simulation highlights the potentials of dust observations using CALIPSO LIDAR. The observed seasonal dependence of these pathways gives new insights into the transport of the Saharan dust and provides important guidance for simulations of the production and transport of the global dust aerosol.
Hastanelerde Liderlik Davranışlarının Personel İş Doyumuna Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Alan Çalışması

Orgutler amaclarini is doyumu yuksek isgorenler sayesinde gerceklestirir. Orgutlerde is doyumu veya doyumsuzlugunu etkileyen temel faktorlerden birisi de, yoneticilerin sergiledikleri liderlik davranislaridir. Bundan dolayi yoneticiler orgutun temel kaynagi olan personelin is doyum duzeyini dusunmek zorundadir. Bu calismanin amaci, liderlik davranislarinin personel is doyumu uzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir
Knowledge Management and Management Accounting

The science of management accounting began to develop in the eighties of the last century, the science of knowledge management in the nineties. Today's businesses bases on knowledge thus, knowledge management and management accounting are an integral part of the organization and the organizational processes. The importance of knowledge is not only in knowledge itself, or the knowledge of the individual or the organization, but the knowledge of using processes in knowledge management systems, which brings to the organizations a competitive advantage. Similarly, we can conclude for management accounting. Organization can be more effective and have a competitive advantage in the market by changing the organizational processes of management accounting, as confirmed by the results of research (Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal, 2001; Cadez, 2006; Kaplan, 1998; Schiller, 2010; Vaivio, 2008). In the conceptual model, which requires empirical study and is based on quantitative research, we will try to linked strength and directness or indirectness impact of changes in management accounting processes on efficiency and innovation organizations.
Household environmental health hazards’ effect on under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: What can we learn from the Demographic and Health Survey?

ABSTRACT Household environmental health hazards or simply household health hazards (HHH) are pathogens and chemicals in the household that can cause health problems. In this study, we assess their effect on under-five mortality (U5MR) in 12 sub-Saharan African countries, using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Referring to the principal component analysis approach, we measure the HHH by the following indicators: source of water and its location, type of toilet facility, flooring material, type of wall, type of roof and type of cooking fuel. In an unadjusted multilevel discrete-time hazard model, we find that HHH affect positively child mortality in 9 of the 12 countries, whereas this effect presented itself only in 4 countries when controlling for other covariates. However, using a model with interaction between the child’s age and HHH, we find it interesting that increasing levels of the HHH are consistently associated with increasing risk of death during 24–59 months after birth in eight countries. Future researches are needed to decipher the mechanisms behind these findings, whether explained by the accumulation of hazardous environment in early childhood, or frequent contact with noxious environments at a later stage of childhood, or both.
Predicting apparent passive permeability of Caco-2 and MDCK cell-monolayers: A mechanistic model

Experimentally derived apparent permeabilities, Papp, through cell monolayers such as Caco-2 and MDCK are considered to be an in-vitro gold standard for assessing the uptake efficiency of drugs. Here, we present a mechanistic model that describes ‘passive’ Papp values (i.e., neglecting active transport) by accounting for the different resistances solutes encounter when permeating a cell monolayer. We described three parallel permeation pathways, namely a cytosolic-, paracellular-, and lateral route, each of which consists of a number of serial resistances. These resistances were accounted for via a mechanistic depiction of the underlying processes that are largely based on literature work. For the present Papp dataset, about as much chemicals are dominated by the cytosolic route as were dominated by the paracellular route, while the lateral route was negligible. For the cytosolic route by far the most chemicals found their main resistance in the various water layers and not in the membrane. Although correlations within the subclasses of chemicals dominated by a specific permeation route were rather poor, we could overall satisfyingly predict Papp for 151 chemicals at a pH of 7.4 (R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.48). For a specific evaluation of the intrinsic membrane permeability, Pm, a second experimental dataset based on experiments with black lipid membranes, BLM, was evaluated. Pm could be predicted for 37 chemicals with R2 = 0.91 and RMSE = 0.64 log units.
A Study of Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum and Its Predisposing Factors

Erythema toxicum neonatorum is one of the commonest skin lesions observed in neonates. Despite this lesion being common, its etiology and predisposing factors remains elusive. This study was designed to evaluate various neonatal and maternal factors which predisposes to the development of erythema toxicum neonatorum. A cross-sectional case control study was conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, where 200 newborns with erythema toxicum neonatorum and 200 newborns as controls were sampled for neonatal and maternal variables which may predispose to erythema toxicum neonatorum. Neonatal variables studied were: gender, birth weight, gestation, mode of delivery, whether the baby was born through meconium stained amniotic fluid and if the newborn had received a bath after delivery. Maternal variables studied were: parity, maternal smoking and history of atopy in the mother. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the odds and risks of developing erythema toxicum neonatorum. Higher odds of developing ETN was observed in neonates weighing more than 2500 grams [OR= 3.58; 95% CI (1.92; 6.67)], term gestation [OR= 4.03; 95% CI (1.94; 8.39)], and those neonates born through meconium stained amniotic fluid [OR= 6.882; 95% CI (1.53; 30.91)]. A number of studies have shown a significant relationship between normal birth weight and term neonates as predisposing factors in the development of erythema toxicum neonatorum. However, what our study adds is that there was a higher risk of acquiring erythema toxicum neonatorum in babies born through meconium stained amniotic fluid.
Ethanolic extract of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) attenuates morphine physical dependence in mice

Introduction: Previous studies revealed that anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) has several pharmacological effects including analgesic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activities. This study aimed to evaluate its effect on morphine physical dependence in mice.Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male NMRI mice (25-30 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8. Control group received morphine and normal saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.) and other groups received diazepam (5 mg/kg) plus one of three doses of P. anisum (50,100 or 200 mg/kg, i.p.). Dependence was induced by administration of increasing doses (50-75 mg/kg, i.p.) of morphine. A time of 30 minutes after naloxone injection was considered for the critical period of the withdrawal syndrome. The number of jumps and scores of 0 to 3 were given for incidences of wet dog shakes, teeth chattering, climbing, writing, diarrhea, grooming, and rearing during a 30-minute period.Results: All doses of P. anisum (P 0.05). Climbing, rearing and wet dog shakes reduced only by the high dose of the extract (P < 0.05). Teeth chattering reduced by 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results obviously show that P. anisum ethanolic extract is effective in suppression of morphine physical dependence and further studies are needed to find out the responsible constituents and also the exact mechanisms of actions.
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): active galactic nuclei in pairs of galaxies

There exist conflicting observations on whether or not the environment of broad and narrow line AGN differ and this consequently questions the validity of the AGN unification model. The high spectroscopic completeness of the GAMA survey makes it ideal for a comprehensive analysis of the close environment of galaxies. To exploit this, and conduct a comparative analysis of the environment of broad and narrow line AGN within GAMA, we use a double-Gaussian emission line fitting method to model the more complex line profiles associated with broad line AGN.We select 209 type 1 (i.e., unobscured), 464 type 1.5-1.9 (partially obscured), and 281 type 2 (obscured) AGN within the GAMA II database. Comparing the fractions of these with neighbouring galaxies out to a pair separation of 350 kpc h-1 and delta z < 0:012 shows no difference between AGN of different type, except at separations less than 20 kpc h-1 where our observations suggest an excess of type 2 AGN in close pairs. We analyse the properties of the galaxies neighbouring our AGN and find no significant differences in colour or the star formation activity of these galaxies. Further to this we find that sigma 5 is also consistent between broad and narrow line AGN. We conclude that the observations presented here are consistent with AGN unification.
Study of carrier trapping in stacked dielectrics

Polysilicon/silicon-nitride/thermal-oxide/n-Si (SNOS) and polysilicon/oxide/silicon-nitride/thermal,oxide/n-Si (SONOS) capacitors were fabricated with various nitride thicknesses. It is shown that formation of an oxide layer on the nitride (NOX) reduces current conduction by more than two orders of magnitude at higher fields. Studies of the flat-band voltage shift with injected carrier fluence show opposite flat-band voltage shifts for SNOS (negative) and for SONOS (positive), under positive gate stress. NOX apparently acts as a hole injection barrier.
Feeding ecology of Central Baltic sprat Sprattus sprattus larvae in relation to zooplankton dynamics: implications for survival

We investigated the larval feeding ecology of sprat Sprattus sprattus L. , an important commercial fish species in the Central Baltic Sea. We collected seasonally resolved larval abundance and gut content as well as zooplankton data, with the goal of identifying mechanisms leading to variability in larval survival. Our results show sprat larvae feed progressively on larger food items as they grow during the season depending on their size and the composition of the available prey. We found first-feeding larvae early in the spawning season to prey exclusively upon microplankton. Small larvae fed mainly upon nauplii of the copepods Acartia spp. , Temora longicornis and Centropages hamatus (ca. 65%), whereas larger larvae consumed up to 80% Acartia spp. copepodites and adults, as well as cladocerans. Trends in sprat larval diets were to a large degree explainable by selective feeding. Feeding success and gut fullness increased linearly with larval size. Trophic niche breadth increased linearly until larvae reached a predator size of 16 mm, after which it decreased. We explain the latter decline by a restricted size spectrum of prey available to larger sprat larvae, which points towards the importance of considering the structure of the zooplankton community when evaluating the predator size to niche breadth relationship. Our results suggest first-feeding Baltic sprat larvae to be always food-limited, while larger larvae are not. We hypothesize medium-sized sprat larvae to be the life stage that has the potential to cause most of the interannual variability in sprat larval survival, which is dependent on a match between larval production and the state of the plankton cycle.
Toward a Detection Framework for Android Botnet

Android is one of the most popular and widespread operating systems for smartphones. It has several millions of applications that are published at either official or unofficial stores. Botnet applications are kind of malware that can be published using these stores and downloaded by the victims on their smartphones. In this paper, we propose Android botnet detection method based a new set of discriminating features extracted based from the analysis of Android permissions (i.e. Protection levels for all available Android permissions). Then we compared the prediction power of different machine learning models before and after adding these features to the state-of-art requested permissions features in Android. We used four popular ML classifiers (i.e. Random Forest, MultiLayer Perceptron neural networks, Decision trees, and Naïve Bayes) for our experiments and we found that the new set of features have a tiny improvement on the performance in the case of decision trees and Random forest classifiers.
Does heat treatment facilitate muscle regrowth following hind limb immobilization ?

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy DOES HEAT TREATMENT FACILITATE MUSCLE REGROWTH FOLLOWING HIND LIMB IMMOBILIZATION? By Joshua Taylor Selsby December 2005 Chair: Stephen Dodd Major Department: Applied Physiology and Kinesiology In order for skeletal muscle to return to its original state following immobilization, reloading of the muscle is necessary. Reloading is characterized by a period of increased oxidant damage to skeletal muscle macromolecules. Previous work has shown that antioxidant supplementation during reloading will decrease oxidant stress and augment the rate of muscle hypertrophy. We have previously shown that heating can provide a potent antioxidant effect. It was hypothesized that heating in conjunction with reloading would result in a faster rate of hypertrophy than reloading alone. In order to test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (Con), immobilized (Im), reloaded (R7C), and reloaded heated (R7H) groups (n=10/group). Animal hind limbs in the Im, R7C and R7H group were plantarflexed and immobilized bilaterally for one week. At the conclusion of one week, Im animals were killed and reloaded animals were returned to their cages for one week. Beginning 24 hrs.
A High Gain Observer and Sliding Mode Controller for an Autonomous Quadrotor Helicopter

This paper deals with the design of a high gain observer and sliding mode controller for a remotely controlled quadrotor vertical take off and landing aircraft. Under the restriction that only the inertial coordinates and yaw angle are available for measurement, a high gain observer is designed which allows estimating on-line the roll and pitching angles as well as all the linear and angular velocities of the vehicle. The problem is solved in two steps: first, a high gain observer design is carried out by means a change of coordinates of the quadrotor system. Second, a dynamic sliding mode controller is proposed using the state estimate of the quadrotor helicopter. We show the asymptotic stability of the couple observer–controller. Finally, computer simulations are developed for showing the performance of the proposed observer–based control.
Effect of different intensities of calorie restriction on liver and muscle mitochondrial oxidative stress

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of calorie restriction (CR) on liver and muscle mitochondrial oxidant production and antioxidant enzymes activity in adult rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=28) were subjected to 25-75% CR for 15 days. H2O2 production was decreased in muscle mitochondria of 25-50% CR group. H2O2 production decreased in liver mitochondria of 25% CR group. The protein carbonyl content decreased in liver and muscle mitochondria of 25-50 % CR groups. TBARS levels were decreased in liver and muscle of (25-50%) CR groups. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in liver mitochondria of 25% and 50% CR groups. Catalase activity was increased in liver and muscle of 25-50% CR groups. The 4-Hydroxy-2- neonal modified proteins increased in muscle of 75% CR rats. Results of the present study demonstrate that short term CR of 25-50% reduces the oxidative stress levels in muscle and liver mitochondria.
Bilingualism: The good, the bad, and the indifferent*

The present paper summarizes research showing that bilingualism affects linguistic and cognitive performance across the lifespan. The effect on linguistic performance is generally seen as a deficit in which bilingual children control a smaller vocabulary than their monolingual peers and bilingual adults perform more poorly on rapid lexical retrieval tasks. The effect on cognitive performance is to enhance executive functioning and to protect against the decline of executive control in aging. These effects interact to produce a complex pattern regarding the effect of bilingualism on memory performance. Memory tasks based primarily on verbal recall are performed more poorly by bilinguals but memory tasks based primarily on executive control are performed better by bilinguals. Speculations regarding the mechanism responsible for these effects are described.