Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing Role of Library Professional in Digital Environment: A Study

New paradigms has evolved in the field of library and information science in last two decades due to ICT impact and digitalization of library resources and totally change the earlier meaning of library from document preservation to knowledge management. The library professionals are facing new challenges because of unprecedented explosion of information and its availability in different forms which are created by globalization, privatization and liberalization of every aspect of human life in one way and emergence of ICT and its application in generation, communication and access of information in another way. To cope with these problems, the modern librarianship needs to be change in their philosophy and practices from custodian of document to information provider. There has been a paradigm shift in the way libraries used to manage as traditional store house to access providers. Therefore, the present digital environment has brought a lot of changes not only on the library and information services but also on the roles and expectations of the library professionals to satisfy their user’s information demand.
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology Sampling Correction in Pedigree Analysis

Usually, a pedigree is sampled and included in the sample that is analyzed after following a predefined non-random sampling design comprising several specific procedures. To obtain a pedigree analysis result free from the bias caused by the sampling procedures, a correction is applied to the pedigree likelihood. The sampling procedures usually considered are: the pedigree ascertainment, determining whether a population unit is to be sampled; the intrafamilial pedigree extension, determining what part of the pedigree is to be sampled; and selective censoring of the sampled pedigree, determining whether it should be included in the sample to be analyzed. The probability of pedigree ascertainment is determined by the total set of potential probands in the true pedigree from which the sampled pedigree is obtained and we indicate how the necessary information on this set can be collected. If insufficient information on this set is observed, it is impossible to correct the pedigree likelihood adequately. Here we show that, if only the structure of this set is known, then an ascertainment-model-based pedigree likelihood can be obtained by conditioning on this structure. An ascertainment-model-free (AMF) pedigree likelihood can be correctly constructed by conditioning on all the data in this set, i.e. on both its structure and its phenotypic content. However, if this set has missing data, the AMF likelihood becomes undefined, which limits the utility of this AMF approach originally proposed by Ewens and Shute (1986). We also consider the sampling correction necessary when the pedigrees included in the sample analyzed have been subjected to censoring. The forms of likelihood correction developed here provide asymptotically unbiased estimators of the genetic model only if the formulated model is correct, which means that it must correctly allow for the most important features of the true inheritance of the trait studied. Otherwise, if no special case of the formulated general model is close to the true inheritance model, then the forms of likelihood correction proposed here result in biases, the magnitude and direction of which depend on both the true model and the general analysis model that should subsume it.
Remembrance of Things Past: Cultural Trauma, the “Nanking Massacre,” and Chinese Identity

Over the last two decades a new approach has developed in the social sciences. It is called cultural sociology. Traditionally, the “science of society” has been associated with a resolutely objective and external point of view, and the object of this view has been to locate the invisible “social structures” that determine actors’ lives from outside of their consciousness, via political and economic coercion or reward. Karl Marx and Max Weber have each been responsible for creating parts of this modern social science legacy. A New Perspective Cultural sociology provides an alternative perspective on the social and how to study it. Inspired particularly by an interpretation of the later ideas of Emile Durkheim, but also by the more cultural strand of Weber’s work, cultural sociology connects this legacy from social science with “humanistic” scholarship and theory, drawing from such thinkers as Wilhelm Dilthey, Ferdinand Saussure, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Claude LeviStrauss, Roland Barthes, Northrup Frye, Victor Turner, and Clifford Geertz. The culturalsociological perspective suggests that socially structured consciousness is, in itself, a highly significant “cause” of action. Individual actors are trying not only to avoid punishment or gain reward but to be faithful to their beliefs, to be emotionally engaged, and to be coherent in a moral sense. From the cultural-sociological perspective, consciousness is not only individual. Social organizations from couples in love to peer groups, from gangs to political parties, from organizations to nations – each of these collectivities has a “consciousness” of its own. Every group has a collective consciousness, whether fragmented or integrated, which exerts as much power as social structure in the more traditional, external sense. But collective consciousness exerts its “force” differently. Composed of symbols rather than instrumental resources, it draws boundaries between inside and outside and protects the space in between. The symbols that compose collective consciousness are organized by binary codes that compose variations on “us” versus “them,” and by narratives that convert this religious-like division between the sacred and profane into stories about struggles between good protagonists and threatening or deviant antagonists, in which the life of the collectivity, its very collective identity, is at stake. Cultural sociology has been applied to a range of empirical areas, from the impact of computers on society and environmental movements to musical performances and painting, from social movements for civil rights to movements for men’s rights, from studies of the transition from authoritarianism in Spain to studies of truth and reconciliation in the new South Africa. In these and other studies, cultural sociology has emerged as a distinctively “strong” program in contrast with the “weak” sociology of culture approach. The latter takes cultural phenomena as an object, understanding such
Effect of feeding Thymolina® powder on the carcass characteristics and morphology of small intestine in ross 308 broiler chickens

In the present experiment, 320 one day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were used completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and each replicate contained 20 broiler chickens. Experimental treatments include control, 0.5, 1, and 2% of Thymolina powder in chickens’ diet. Thymolina ® is an anti-bacterial powder drug which is made by composing 4 medicinal plants. A significant difference observed between treatments in each parameter of the Intestinal morphology (villus height, villus width, crypt depth and epithelial thickness). Goblet cells number was not affected. Our findings indicated that using Thymolina ® in the diet of broiler chickens causes improvements in carcass characteristics. Therefore, it may improve the carcass characteristics and morphology of small intestine in broiler chickens.
Complex Fair Value Measurements and Material Weaknesses: It's Not All Bad News

U.S. and international regulators and standard setters have criticized companies and audit firms for failing to establish and audit internal controls for complex fair value measurements (FVMs). In this study, we examine the association between FVMs and the likelihood of reporting a material control weakness, as well as settings in which this association may be reduced. We find that companies with FVM portfolios concentrated in Level 2 and Level 3 FVMs are more likely to report material weaknesses, confirming regulators’ concerns that the FVMs are associated with lower financial reporting quality. However, we do not find this association for large companies, clients of audit firm industry experts, or clients of audit firms with FVM-specific expertise. These results suggest that despite the inherent complexity of Level 2 and Level 3 FVMs, company- and auditor-specific characteristics can impact companies’ abilities to create an effective internal control structure around some FVMs.
Shareholder protection, creditor rights and bank dividend policies

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of legal protection of bank minority shareholders (noncontrolling shareholders) and bank creditors (e.g. depositors or debt-holders) on bank dividend payout policies using a panel data set of 5,918 banks from 52 countries over the period 1998-2007, after controlling for country-level deposit insurance coverage and bank- and country-level regulatory pressures. Design/methodology/approach - – Tobit panel regression models are used to examine the impact of legal protection of shareholders and creditors on bank dividend payout amounts. And, logit panel regression models are used to examine the impact of legal protection of shareholders and creditors on banks’ likelihood to pay dividends. Findings - – The authors support the outcome hypothesis by finding that banks pay higher amount of dividends and, are more likely to pay dividends in strong minority shareholder protection countries. However, the authors reject the substitute hypothesis by finding that banks pay higher dividends and are more likely to pay dividends in weak creditor rights countries, and banks do not substitute weak creditor rights with lower dividend payout amounts. Contrary, the authors support the literature which argues the importance of creditor rights for capital market development because one possible reason for low dividend payouts in strong creditor rights countries could be that the banks retain more profits for extending more loans. Practical implications - – By finding that creditor rights index has a negative relation with bank dividend policies in contrast to its positive relation with nonfinancial firms’ dividend policies, the authors support the literature which argues that managers of banks give less importance to factors such as current degree of financial leverage, the contractual constraints such as dividend restrictions in debt contracts, and the financing considerations such as the cost of raising external funds, while deciding about the dividend payments. The authors also suggest to keep financial and nonfinancial firms separate, to better understand the dividend puzzle. Originality/value - – Extant literature recognizes that legal institutions such as shareholder protection and creditor rights affect corporate firms’ dividend policies significantly but largely excludes banking sector. This paper, by examining the relations between legal protection of shareholders and creditors and bank dividend policies, fills this research gap.
Considering Divorce: An Expansion of Becker's Theory of Marital Instability

Using a national probability sample (N = 1,360) of husbands and wives married to one another in 1978, we explore the correlates of thinking about divorce in order to extend Becker's theory of marital instability by adding sociological variables and measuring individual utilities. Wive's thoughts of divorce increase with their work experience, having a youngest child aged 6-11, and egalitarian housework attitudes and decrease with age at marriage,marital duration, and husband's housework contribution.Husbands' thoughts of divorce increase with wife's work experience and wife's egalitarian housework attitudes and decrease with the presence of children under 6,marital duration, and age differences. To the extent that thought of divorce relates to eventual divorce, these findings imply that the husband's earnings and the presence of children may deter divorce less now than they have in the past.
A new 3p interstitial deletion including the entire MITF gene causes a variation of Tietz/Waardenburg type IIA syndromes

Thomas Schwarzbraun, Lisa Ofner, Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach, Barbara Schaperdoth, Karl-Heinz Preisegger, Christian Windpassinger, Klaus Wagner, Erwin Petek, and Peter M. Kroisel* Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Institute of Human Genetics, Universitatsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany Department of Ophthalmology, Universitatsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Institute of Human Genetics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Postprandial Glucose and Vascular Disease

The high plasma glucose concentrations in patients with diabetes are associated with an increased risk of vascular disease. In patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, vascular changes often predate clinical diagnosis of hyperglycaemia. Impaired glucose tolerance precedes diabetes and may therefore be an important phase in the development of vascular changes. There is evidence to suggest that hyperglycaemia interferes with the activity and function of endothelial cells. In vitro data show that high glucose concentrations can activate protein kinase C (PKC) in endothelial cells, specifically PKC α. This activation appears to stimulate expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, facilitating the adhesion and uptake of leukocytes into the endothelium. In addition, high glucose concentrations affect the permeability of tight junctions between endothelial cells, which also seems to be mediated by PKC. Thus, PKC activation may be central to the effects of glucose‐stimulated vascular changes. Evidence for direct stimulation of endothelial cells by glucose may support the hypothesis that postprandial glucose spikes are important in the early development of micro‐ and macrovascular disease. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic control of the duration of gestation in sheep.

Summary. Results of egg transfer and of reciprocal crossing among breeds of sheep with a range of 1 week in mean gestation period indicate that the genotype of the fetus is the major determinant of the duration of gestation, over a range of litter sizes from 1 to 5 and a wide range of combinations of size of donor and recipient breeds. It is concluded that the fetus accounts for at least two-thirds of the genetic variation in gestation period in this species. Evidence for the role of the fetus in determining the duration of gestation comes from two independent sources, namely endocrine studies of the fetal pituitary-adrenal axis (Liggins, Kennedy & Holm, 1967; Liggins, 1969), and genetic studies, with the most critical evidence provided by interbreed egg transfer (Dickinson, Hancock, Hovell, Taylor & Wiener, 1962; Moore, 1968). We present here the results of interbreed egg transfer and crossbreeding experiments involving breeds with a wider range of gestation periods than have been used in earlier experiments. They provide striking evidence of the role of the fetal genotype in determining the duration of gestation in this species. Descriptions of the animals involved in the egg transfer experiment and of the procedures used for synchronizing oestrus in donors and recipients have been reported by Bradford, Quirke & Hart (1971). The time of onset of oestrus was recorded twice daily, and the actual time of parturition was recorded to the nearest hour, except for ewes lambing unattended during the night for which parturition was listed as occurring at 07.00 hours. The duration of gestation was calculated to the nearest half day. Where donor and recipient ewes were not exactly synchronized, the time of onset of oestrus in the donor was used as the basis for computing the gestation period; all but seven of the fifty-three recipient ewes for which gestation periods are reported were synchronized within 12 hr of the donor. In addition to the pregnancies following egg transfer, data were obtained on seventy-seven control pregnancies, mostly of donor ewes, following intra-breed mating. The same rams, in most cases one or two per breed, were used at the oestrus from which eggs were collected and on the control group. Extensive data were also available on gestation periods from the parental flocks. Lambs in the experiment were born during a 3-month period, March to
Pump Up the Volume: Could Excessive Neural Gain Explain Tinnitus and Hyperacusis?

Naturally occurring stimuli can vary over several orders of magnitude and may exceed the dynamic range of sensory neurons. As a result, sensory systems adapt their sensitivity by changing their responsiveness or ‘gain'. While many peripheral adaptation processes are rapid, slow adaptation processes have been observed in response to sensory deprivation or elevated stimulation. This adaptation process alters neural gain in order to adjust the basic operating point of sensory processing. In the auditory system, abnormally high neural gain may result in higher spontaneous and/or stimulus-evoked neural firing rates, and this may have the unintended consequence of presenting as tinnitus and/or sound intolerance, respectively. Therefore, a better understanding of neural gain, in health and disease, may lead to more effective treatments for these aberrant auditory perceptions. This review provides a concise summary of (i) evidence for changes in neural gain in the auditory system of animals, (ii) physiological and perceptual changes in adult human listeners following an acute period of enhanced acoustic stimulation and/or deprivation, (iii) physiological evidence of excessive neural gain in tinnitus and hyperacusis patients, and (iv) the relevance of neural gain in the clinical treatment of tinnitus and hyperacusis.
Exploring private universities service quality in Kenya: A structural equation modeling technique

The Kenyan private higher education sub-sector is considered one of the fastest rising and as such, pivotal within the economy. Whereas achieving higher service quality is challenging among private universities, it is not easy to come up with extraordinary service delivery deliverables which will fully entice customers. Therefore, a university has to discern their customers well, and in turn, provide superior services in order to achieve significant customer satisfaction. The aim of the present research was to empirically investigate specific dimensions of service quality (SQ) that influence customer satisfaction with, service delivery in private universities and the consequent contribution towards internal customers’ satisfaction in a Kenyan context. One aspect emphasized is taking cognizant dimensions tested in intricate situations as well as the reality in a developing country which in itself is self-contradictory. The study employed an adapted HEdPERF survey type with higher education service quality attributes namely; non-academic, academic, reputation, access, programme issues and understanding aspects, and structural equation modelling (SEM). The fit of the HEdPERF model to the data gained through stratified random sampling from ‘internal customers’ – students and employees was checked using SEM. Results claimed that in respect to private higher education, not all HEdPERF SQ variables are significant to internal customers. Two dimensions of SQ were identified and have the greatest predictive power on internal customers’ satisfaction ratings with regard to the quality of service, and these were presented in model(s) to indicate their inter-relatedness in terms of service quality and customer satisfaction. This research presents significant insights towards better understanding of internal customers’ attitudes. Private universities will be able to design and improve their internal services and/or internal marketing strategies as per their consumers’ preferences in a different cultural context. Finally, the use of SEM in exploring the HEdPERF model is also a valuable contribution.
A shared control parameter for F0 and intensity

Fundamental frequency of vocal fold vibration (F0) and acoustic intensity are correlated for physiological and linguistic reasons. Previous studies have established that aerodynamic factors and vocal fold control mechanisms are partly responsible for the correlation. Intonational accents are also a source of co-variation of F0 and intensity. This paper addresses the question of whether these physiological and linguistic mechanisms are sufficient to account for observable relations between F0 and intensity in a carefully controlled context. Analyses of over 14,000 H*+L pitch accents from an imitation study indicate that in addition to physiological and linguistic mechanisms, there is a shared control parameter that induces covariation in F0 and intensity. This parameter is proposed to reflect variation in attention, cognitive effort, and/or arousal.
What is a self-made expat? Self-disclosures of self-initiated expatriates

The label expatriates is increasingly used by and applied to a growing number of persons who do not fit classical concepts of company-driven expatriation. While relevant research is engaged in establishing interaction with smaller samples of self- initiated expatriates, the present article represents netnography of a larger, international sample of self-designated self-initiated expatriates who, independently of any research intervention, engaged in an online conversation headlined “Self-Made Expats? ” on the international expatriates platform internations.com. While key findings from this non- responsive approach to the self-disclosures of an internationally diverse web community of self-made expatriates support certain dimensions of prevailing academic definitions, they also suggest reconsidering the so far disclaimed relevance of entrepreneurialism for the concept of self-initiated expatriation.
Attitudes and barriers to employment in HIV-positive patients.

BACKGROUND Unemployment in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population remains a major issue. Recent changes in the benefits system have triggered concerns about (re)integration into work for adults with HIV. AIMS To examine attitudes and barriers to employment in HIV patients. METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional study in the Royal Free HIV outpatient department from December 2008 to February 2009. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, date of HIV diagnosis, combination antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, employment status, attitudes to work, psychological health and perception of barriers to employment. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with not working. RESULTS Five hundred and forty-five HIV patients took part. Overall, 26% were not working and of these, half (53%) had been unemployed for >5 years. Associations with not working were having been diagnosed with HIV >10 years before, poor psychological health and poor attitudes to employment. There was no association between objective measures of health (CD4 count) and employment status. Those not working were less likely to agree with that 'work is good for physical and mental health' (90 versus 97%: P < 0.01) and more likely to agree that 'should only work if 100% fit and well' (76 versus 51%: P < 0.001) compared to workers. Those currently not working had negative perceptions of their abilities to gain employment and to remain in work. CONCLUSIONS There are opportunities for HIV services to provide psychological support around attitudes associated with unemployment and to help HIV-positive men in particular obtain and remain in work.