Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GnRH-PGF 2a and PGF 2a-PGF 2a synchronization in Akkaraman cross-bred sheep in the breeding season

The object of this trial was to determine the efficacy of GnRH-PGF2α treatment to synchronize oestrus in sheep during the breeding season. A total of 30 ewes aging 18-24 months and 6 healthy rams aging 2-3 years were used in this experiment. Animals were divided into two groups. The first group received intramuscular (i.m.) injection of GnRH analogue (busereline) and 5 d later i.m. injection of PGF2α analogue (Triaprost tromethamine). The second group (control) was given twice, at 9 d interval, i.m. injection of PGF2α. Fourty-eight hours after the application of PGF2α, 400 IU of PMSG was injected i.m. to all the ewes. After the detection of oestrous, the ewes were hand-mated naturally. Pregnancy was determined using ultrasonography on d 30 after the mating. Multiple embryos were determined in each ewe using ultrasonography. Oestrus response, pregnancy, lambing rates, and litter sizes were 93.7%, 85.7%, 83.3% and 1.70; 86.6%, 84.6%, 81.8%, and 1.66 in the groups I and II, respectively. Therefore, GnRH-PGF2α treatment has been found to be effective in the synchronization of the oestrus in ewes.
Evaluation of factors affecting customer loyalty in the restaurant industry

The aim of the present research was to investigate the factors affecting customer loyalty in the restaurant industry. Data was collected using questionnaire distributed in 10 randomly selected branches of Boof Chain Restaurant in Tehran. In each branch, 40 customers were selected for the study. Ultimately, the research sample consisted of 268 customers. Structured equation modeling was used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The obtained results show that food quality, service quality, restaurant environment, and perception of price fairness had a positive impact on customer satisfaction, but the impact of restaurant location on customer satisfaction was not confirmed. Also, food quality, service quality, and perception of price fairness had a positive effect on customer trust. The results show that food quality is the most important factor affecting customer satisfaction and trust in Boof Chain Restaurants. Customer satisfaction had a positive impact on customer loyalty, but the effect of customer trust on customer loyalty was not confirmed. Key words: Restaurant industry, loyalty, customer satisfaction, customer trust.
Value Relevance of Accounting Information and Firm Value: A Study of Consumer Goods Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria

Studies on the improvement of value relevance of accounting information between IFRS and other accounting standards’ regimes as well as on value change after the adoption of IFRS have yielded mixed results. This study investigates the value relevance of accounting information of companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) using modified Ohlson model. The population of the study consists of all the 28 listed firms under the consumer goods sector. Judgmental sampling technique was used to select ten of the firms. Secondary data obtained from the annual reports of sampled firms were used to investigate the value relevance of accounting numbers. Content analysis was used to measure the qualitative values of accounting information (relevance, faithful representation, understandability, comparability and timeliness). The outcome of Hausman’s test favoured the use of pooled OLS. ANOVA test was also conducted. The findings showed that there is no significant difference between the value relevance of accounting information prior and after the adoption of IFRS. The study therefore, could not support the idea that global adoption of uniform standards lead to improvements in reporting quality. It was concluded that transition in standards from SAS to IFRS has no significant influence on the accounting information as a predictor of firm’s value. Keywords : Value, Information, IFRS, Ohlson model, Accountants, Analyst
The New Political Role of Business in a Globalized World: A Review of a New Perspective on CSR and its Implications for the Firm, Governance, and Democracy

Scholars in management and economics widely share the assumption that business firms focus on profits only, while it is the task of the state system to provide public goods. In this view business firms are conceived of as economic actors, and governments and their state agencies are considered the only political actors. We suggest that, under the conditions of globalization, the strict division of labour between private business and nation-state governance does not hold any more. Many business firms have started to assume social and political responsibilities that go beyond legal requirements and fill the regulatory vacuum in global governance. Our review of the literature shows that there are a growing number of publications from various disciplines that propose a politicized concept of corporate social responsibility. We consider the implications of this new perspective for theorizing about the business firm, governance, and democracy.
Investigation and Analysis of Mathematics Anxiety in Middle School Students

Mathematics anxiety has become a focus in mathematics education as a passive mathematics learning experience. Through investigation of the relationships between mathematics anxiety, mathematics performance, mathematics interest, self-efficiency, gender difference, and grade difference, we’ve found that mathematics performance is statistically significant correlated to mathematics anxiety; both mathematics interest and selfefficiency are statistically significant negatively correlated to mathematics anxiety; there exists statistically significant difference between male students and female students in mathematics anxiety, and female students’ anxiety level is higher than male students’; there is no statistically significant difference among all the grades in mathematics anxiety, and grade nine students show the highest anxiety level during the middle school stage.
Patterns of morphological diversity and character association in chickpea genotypes through multivariate approach.

Pattern of morphological diversity and character association in twenty chickpea genotypes was assessed through multivariate approach. Three principal components were deduced (eigen value > 1) which contributed to a total of 62.83% variability among the genotypes. PC-I contributed 34.78% to total variation. Factor loadings revealed that all the characters contributed positively to PC-I except days to flowering and plant height. Days to flowering exerted maximum negative load on the factor I while the highest positive contribution to the PC -I was endorsed by number of pods/plant, seeds/plant, biological yield, and grain yield/plant. Secondary branches, plant height, seeds/plant, 100 -seed weight and biological yield had positive weight on PC -II where secondary branches followed by plant height showed the maximum contribution. Days to maturity, primary branches, plant height, seeds/pod and 100-seed weight exerted positive factor loadings on PC-III among which the highest weight was contributed by plant height followed by number of primary branches. Cluster I and II comprised of seven lines each. Long duration genotypes with high number of seeds/pod came under cluster I. However, the cluster II, classified genotypes with better grain yield and its components . However, the other six genotypes were long duration with maximum plant height and fell in cluster III . This study suggested enough scope for selection for grain yield and its components.
Simulating Carbon Sequestration using Cellular Automata and land use assessment; Case of: Karaj City, Iran

In this study, in the city of Karaj five classes of land use-cover including residential, agriculture, rangeland, forest and barren areas were considered and randomly in each class a total of 20 points were selected and vegetation and soil samples were taken. In plant samples, the amount of carbon sequestration was determined by calculating the amount of organic carbon by dry weight and in soil samples, the amount of carbon sequestration was determined by using Walleky and Black method, too. For each area, the average value of carbon sequestration of samples was introduced as carbon sequestration index of that class. Average values for each category were determined as an indicator of carbon sequestration of that class and then by using the DINAMICA EGO software a simulation was conducted using cellular automata approach to simulate changes in the classes of land use-cover in the city of Karaj. Finally, by using carbon sequestration index and the results of the simulation, changes in carbon sequestration in each class were calculated. On this basis, it was found that in the 15-year period from 2014 to 2029, not considering the residential class as the effective use of carbon sequestration, the greatest amount of carbon sequestration was found in the agricultural class and the lowest carbon sequestration was found in barren area. Also, agriculture class will be faced with the huge reduction of carbon sequestration, because of expansion of the residential area.
Thread Pitch Variant in Orthodontic Mini-screws: A 3-D Finite Element Analysis

Orthodontic miniscrews are widely used as temporary anchorage devices to facilitate orthodontic movements. Miniscrew loosening is a common problem, which usually occurs during the first two weeks of treatment. Macrodesign can affect the stability of a miniscrew by changing its diameter, length, thread pitch, thread shape, tapering angle and so on. In this study, a 3-D finite element analysis was done to show the effect of thread pitch variant on the stress distribution pattern of the screw-cortical bone interface. While orthodontic forces were applied, stresses were usually concentrated at the first thread of the screw in contact with the cortical bone. The cortical bone provided a significant percentage of stability compared to the trabecular bone against orthodontic forces. Therefore, spongy bone was removed from the finite element analysis. The changes of maximum von Mises stresses were shown on the charts. The results showed that stresses decreased with decrease in thread pitch, but they increase when thread pitch becomes less than a certain value. The pattern of stress distribution differed when the stresses were increased. The results are beneficial for the design of an ergonomic dual miniscrew, with better properties than the commercially available miniscrews and based on the results, a new dual miniscrew is recommended.
Cash to Price Ratio & Stock Returns: Evidence from Emerging Markets

This study examines the impact of size premium and value premium on average return in emerging economies i.e. Pakistan, India and China equity markets for the period from June 2000 to June 2015 by using three factors model. This study predicts the significance and positive relationship between value premium(C/P Ratio) and stock return for all non-financial companies listed on Karachi stock exchange, Bombay stock exchange and Shanghai stock exchange on the basis of market Capitalization. The regression results of the study illustrate that size premium predict returns more for small firms than big firms while market premium found significantly positive with stock returns in Pakistan, India, and China. Value premium is found positive for all created portfolios. Therefore, it can be concluded that value effect is present in three emerging markets. High C/P ratio outperforms the low C/P ratio stocks. In this study C/P ratio (value premium) integrated with size and market premium to check whether it can predict stock returns of small and large firms for high or low C/P ratio. The finding is similar that the positive relationship of value premium and stock return and the negative relationship of size premium and stock return. The explanatory power of Fama and French three-factor model is greater than CAPM for all three equity markets, so, the asset pricing model can facilitate investors in efficient portfolio diversification for getting enhanced returns.
Epidemiological study in roseola infantum in Babylon

Roseola is a mild febrile exanthematous illness occurring almost exclusively during infancy. Among the many alternative names for the disease are exanthem subitum (indicating the sudden and surprising appearance of the rash), the rose rash of infants and pseudo-rubella. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is the etiological agent of roseola infantum. The aim of this study is to predict the disease early by the time of high incidence of this disease, the common age of presentation and the commonest clinical findings. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Babylon city for 12 months, from the 1st March 2009 to the 1st February 2010. The study involved 48 cases of roseola who visited the outpatient clinic which were followed up for 3 days (22 cases were admitted to hospital and 26 cases were reevaluated after a second visit). In the result of this study we found roseola was highest in infants with age group 10-12 months. The cases in urban area is more than rural area, it occur more in the period from April to June. There was no significant sex predominance in the incidence of the disease. The most common clinical finding were occipital lymph node enlargement in all cases (100%) and cervical lymph node enlargement in (89.6 %) infants.
Permanent trading impacts and bond yields

We analyse four years of transaction data for euro-area sovereign bonds traded on the MTS electronic platforms. In order to measure the informational content of trading activity, we estimate the permanent price response to trades. We not only find strong evidence of information asymmetry in sovereign bond markets, but also show the relevance of information asymmetry in explaining the cross-sectional variations of bond yields across a wide range of bond maturities and countries. Our results confirm that trades of more recently issued bonds and longer maturity bonds have a greater permanent effect on prices. We compare the price impact of trades for bonds across different maturity categories and find that trades of French and German bonds have the highest long-term price impact in the short maturity class, whereas trades of German bonds have the highest permanent price impact in the long maturity class. More importantly, we study the cross-section of bond yields and find that after controlling for conventional factors, investors demand higher yields for bonds with larger permanent trading impact. Interestingly, when investors face increased market uncertainty, they require even higher compensation for information asymmetry.
Phylogenetic Analysis of 16S rDNA Sequences Manifest Rumen Bacterial Diversity in Gayals (Bos frontalis) Fed Fresh Bamboo Leaves and Twigs (Sinarumdinaria)

Six male Gayal (Bos frontalis), approximately two years of age and with a mean live weight of 203±17 kg (mean±standard deviation), were housed indoors in metabolism cages and fed bamboo (Sinarundinaria) leaves and twigs. After an adjustment period of 24 days of feeding the diet, samples of rumen liquor were obtained for analyses of bacteria in the liquor. The diversity of rumen bacteria was investigated by constructing a 16S rDNA clone library. A total of 147 clones, comprising nearly full length sequences (with a mean length of 1.5 kb) were sequenced and submitted to an on-line similarity search and phylogenetic analysis. Using the criterion of 97% or greater similarity with the sequences of known bacteria, 17 clones were identified as Ruminococcus albus, Butyrivibrio fibrosolvens, Quinella ovalis, Clostridium symbiosium, Succiniclasticum ruminis, Selenomonas ruminantium and Allisonella histaminiformans, respectively. A further 22 clones shared similarity ranging from 90-97% with known bacteria but the similarity in sequences for the remaining 109 clones was less than 90% of those of known bacteria. Using a phylogenetic analysis it was found that the majority of the clones identified (57.1%) were located in the low G+C subdivision, with most of the remainder (42.2% of clones) located in the Cytophage-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (CFB) phylum and one clone (0.7%) was identified as a Spirochaete. It was apparent that Gayal have a large and diverse range of bacteria in the rumen liquor which differ from those of cattle and other ruminants. This may explain the greater live weights of Gayal, compared to cattle, grazing in the harsh natural environments in which Gayal are located naturally.
A comparison of the spectral properties of high temperature annealed long period gratings inscribed by fs laser, UV, and fusion-arc

Long period gratings have been inscribed in standard single mode fibre using a fs laser system, a fusion arc and a UV laser and a comparative study carried out of their thermal behaviour. The fs laser induced gratings can survive temperatures in excess of 800 °C, however the inscription process can induce considerable birefringence within the device. Annealing studies have been carried out showing that below 600 °C, all three grating types show a blue shift in their room temperature resonance wavelengths following cyclic heating, while above 600 °C, the UV and arc induced LPGs exhibit a red shift, with the fs LPG showing an even stronger blue shift. High temperature annealing is also shown to considerably reduce the birefringence induced by the fs inscription process.
Developing instruction in magnetostatics at undergraduate level Part 2 Multi-step tasks as an instructional tool resulted from Educational Reconstruction

In this study the model of Educational Reconstruction was used to develop a teaching sequence in university magnetostatics to help students to learn the concepts of magnetic field and force. A developed teaching sequence with novel multi-step tasks was implemented and student learning was monitored. The results indicate that students‟ learning results were better after implementation of the teaching sequence and some typical misconceptions could be avoided. In addition, the students learned to use vector relations as a powerful method in support of their thinking and in problem-solving in magnetostatics. It seems that Educational Reconstruction is a functional method for making use of recognized learning difficulties, the physical content and the aims of the instruction in developing effective teaching in physics. This article is the second part of a study whose empirical background is reported in Part 1.
Declining impact of an introduced pathogen: ­Haplosporidium nelsoni in the oyster Crassostrea virginica in Chesapeake Bay

The protistan parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni, the causative agent of MSX (multinucleated sphere X) disease, is notorious for its devastating impacts on populations of the oyster Crassostrea virginica along the midAtlantic coast of the USA. The parasite was introduced from Asia (Burreson et al. 2000) sometime prior to 1957, when it emerged in Delaware Bay; by 1959, oysters were dying of H. nelsoni parasitism also in Chesapeake Bay (Andrews 1962, Haskin et al. 1966). Oyster mortality due to this parasite exceeded 90% on reefs in lower Delaware and Chesapeake Bays during the early years of the epizootic (Ford & Haskin 1982, Haskin & Andrews 1988), an acute impact that presumably reflected a new encounter between an introduced parasite and a naive host (Burreson et al. 2000). H. nel-
Use of the Microindentation Technique for Determining Interfacial Fracture Energy

The microindentation technique was used to determine the interfacial fracture energy of epoxy coatings on soda‐lime glass substrates. An analytical model was developed for calculating fracture energy based on indenter load versus debond crack size measurements. Finite‐element analysis was used to determine the relative amounts of opening and shear loadings at the debond crack tip. The calculated fracture energies are compared to values determined by the double‐cantilever‐beam technique and the four‐point flexure‐beam technique.
Comparison of Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay as a Confirmatory Test to Detect Antibody to Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Line Imuune Assay and Western Blot Methods

In low prevalent countries of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) like Bangladesh, it is recommended that all HIVpositive sera tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and/or rapid tests should be confirmed by Line Immune Assay (LIA) or Western Blot (WB) method. As these two tests are quite expensive, Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) was evaluated as a confirmatory test and as an alternative to these two methods in the present study. A total of 92 subjects consisting of 46 HIV-antibody-positive patients and 46 controls were included in the study. All samples of sera were tested by ELISA and IFA methods, and some 34 of 46 HIV-antibody-positive samples were tested by LIA. One ELISA positive serum was found negative by both IFA and LIA. This result indicates that ELISA was 100% sensitive and 98.7% specific for detection of HIV antibody. Comparison between LIA with IFA on 34 samples, and WB with IFA on 26 samples showed 100% correlation between these methods. The study concluded that the IFA method is equal in performance as LIA and WB methods for the detection of antibody to HIV and can be used as a confirmatory test.
Short Rate Dynamics and Regime Shifts

We characterize the dynamics of the US short-term interest rate using a Markov regime-switching model. Using a test developed by Garcia, we show that there are two regimes in the data: In one regime, the short rate behaves like a random walk with low volatility; in another regime, it exhibits strong mean reversion and high volatility. In our model, the sensitivity of interest rate volatility to the level of interest rate is much lower than what is commonly found in the literature. We also show that the findings of nonlinear drift in Ait-Sahalia and Stanton, using nonparametric methods, are consistent with our regime-switching model.
Framework for Comparative Research on Relational Information Displays

We identify critical issues in comparative research on relational information displays (RIDs). The key argument is that when conducting an analysis of the cognitive process of people viewing different displays, their perceptual processes must be held constant so that they do not affect the results. We propose that in order to help researchers more easily compare display types (e.g., graphs) for how effectively they convey information, two factors must be considered. First, each element (e.g., each bar in a bar graph) in graphs that are being compared has to be equally discriminable. Second, the number of elements in the graphs being compared has to be the same; the maximum number of elements is limited by from the graph that uses a presentation format (e.g., density) that has the fewest number of discriminable levels. We present a psychophysics experiment that identified differential discrimination thresholds for density levels.