Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resource Management for Improving Soft-Error and Lifetime Reliability of Real-Time MPSoCs

Multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) has been widely used in many real-time embedded systems where both soft-error reliability (SER) and lifetime reliability (LTR) are key concerns. Many existing works have investigated them, but they focus either on handling one of the two reliability concerns or on improving one type of reliability under the constraint of the other. These techniques are thus not applicable to maximize SER and LTR simultaneously, which is highly desired in some real-world applications. In this paper, we study the joint optimization of SER and LTR for real-time MPSoCs. We propose a novel static task scheduling algorithm to simultaneously maximize SER and LTR for real-time homogeneous MPSoC systems under the constraints of deadline, energy budget, and task precedence. Specifically, we develop a new solution representation scheme and two evolutionary operators that are closely integrated with two popular multiobjective evolutionary optimization frameworks, namely NSGAII and SPEA2. Extensive experimental results on standard benchmarks and synthetic applications show the efficacy of our scheme. More specifically, our scheme can achieve significantly better solutions (i.e., LTR-SER tradeoff fronts) with remarkably higher hypervolume and can be dozens or even hundreds of times faster than the state-of-the-art algorithms. The results also demonstrate that our scheme can be applied to heterogeneous MPSoC systems and is effective in improving reliability for heterogeneous MPSoC systems.
The Psychology of Advertising

1. Setting the Stage. 2. How Consumers Acquire and Process Information from Advertising. 3. How Advertising Affects Consumer Memory. 4. How Consumers Form Attitudes Towards Products. 5. How Consumers Yield to Advertising: Principles of Persuasion and Attitude Change. 6. How Advertising Influences Buying Behaviour. 7. Beyond Persuasion: Achieving Consumer Compliance Without Changing Attitudes.
Why Are Aggregate Investing Activities Negatively Associated with Future Market Returns? The Role of Intangible Investments

We examine whether differences in the accounting measurement of investment activities help explain the negative association between aggregate investments and future returns. We decompose aggregate investment activity into investments in tangible and intangible assets. We find that the previously documented negative association between aggregate investment and future market returns is largely explained by investments in intangible assets, especially in goodwill. These effects are stronger in recent periods and in the technology sector. In contrast, we find investments in tangible assets explain less of the negative association and are generally limited to both earlier time periods and the non-technology sector. Our results suggest the recognition of speculative M&A activities on the balance sheet helps explain the negative association between aggregate investments and future returns.
Target Performance Goals in CEO Compensation Contracts and Management Earnings Guidance

We study how compensation committees set CEOs’ earnings performance goals in annual incentive plans (AIPs) and their implications for managers’ strategic earning guidance behavior. We find corporate boards rely on earnings forecasts provided by both financial analysts and managers in setting performance goals. Also, the weight boards place on a manager’s earnings forecasts increases with managers’ information advantage over analysts. We next examine the implications of this process for management earnings guidance. We find that the forecasts issued by management ahead of compensation committee meetings (“event-window guidance”) are more pessimistic than those issued at other times. This pessimism in event-window earnings guidance is present when performance goals are linked to earnings-based measures such as Earnings-Per-Share (EPS), but not when they are linked to revenue, suggesting that pessimistic event-window guidance is likely motivated by a desire to depress earnings performance goals. Furthermore, pessimism in event-window guidance is associated with higher bonus payouts as well as total payouts to CEOs. Lastly, meeting or beating performance goals significantly reduces the likelihood of forced CEO turnover. Overall, this study provides insights into the process of setting managerial performance goals and management’s strategic disclosure behavior arising from this process.
FineLoc: A Fine-Grained Self-Calibrating Wireless Indoor Localization System

Self-calibrating wireless indoor localization systems construct the radio map even the indoor floor plan automatically, which avoids the labor-intensive site survey process; however, existing systems utilizing the feature of Wi-Fi signals can only provide coarse-grained indoor maps, which hinders improvement of localization accuracy. In this paper, we present FineLoc, a fine-grained self-calibrating localization system based on the freely-deployed Bluetooth low energy (BLE) nodes and crowdsourced data, which can profile more detailed layout information of the indoor space. We first reveal that existing systems can only generate inaccurate floor plans owning to the coarse-grained Wi-Fi reference information. Then, we utilize the increasingly popular BLE beacon nodes as the source of reference information, with which a series of dead-reckoning optimization and new schemes particularly for finer-grained indoor map construction are presented. We implement a prototype FineLoc system, which is deployed in around $11,000\;\mathrm{m}^2$11,000m2 areas. Our experimental results with the prototype show that FineLoc can achieve 80 percent localization errors within $1.6\;\mathrm{m}$1.6m, $1.4\;\mathrm{m}$1.4m, and $1.1\;\mathrm{m}$1.1m in the library, classroom building, and office building, respectively, with an average density of deployed BLE nodes less than $2.6/100\;\mathrm{m}^2$2.6/100m2.
An Empirical Study of Low-carbon Cognitive,Attitudes and Behaviors

With the process of sustainable development,circular economy,energy saving,low-carbon economy are continued to be advocated and implemented,low-carbon responsibility of the citizens is obvious.In view of this,we take Nanchang resident for the survey,taking an empirical analysis of their daily lives in the low-carbon awareness,attitudes and behaviors.Our study finds that residents has a lower low-carbon cognitive level,uncertainty low-carbon attitude and the heterogeneity of lowcarbon behavior,low-carbon attitude and low-carbon cognition was moderately positive correlation,low-carbon behavior and low carbon attitude showed a weaker positive correlation,low-carbon behavior and low-carbon cognition showed a weak positive correlation.We suggest playing the role of government agencies and news media in the low-carbon education of residents,improving the participation of residents in low-carbon policies,promoting low-carbon living and low-carbon consumption,and creating a harmonious low-carbon culture and low-carbon environment,to enhance the residents' low-carbon living standards and the contribution of low-carbon urban construction.
Use of Leverage, Short Sales, and Options by Mutual Funds

We study the use of leverage, short sales, and options by equity mutual funds. Consistent with agency-induced motives for the use of these complex instruments, we find that they are often used by poorly monitored funds, and are associated with poor outcomes for investors such as lower performance, higher idiosyncratic risk, more negative skewness, greater kurtosis, and higher fees. Consistent with moral hazard, we also find that mutual funds that use these instruments hold riskier equity positions. Mutual funds attempt to use complex instruments to reduce the risk of their portfolios but in an imperfect and costly way. JEL Classification: G11, G23
Building Less Flawed Metrics

Metrics are useful for measuring systems and motivating behaviors. Unfortunately, naive application of metrics to a system can distort the system in ways that undermine the original goal. The problem was noted independently by Campbell and Goodhart, and in some forms it is not only common, but unavoidable due to the nature of metrics. There are two distinct but interrelated problems that must be overcome in building better metrics; first, specifying metrics more closely related to the true goals, and second, preventing the recipients from gaming the difference between the reward system and the true goal. This paper describes several approaches to designing metrics, beginning with design considerations and processes, then discussing specific strategies including secrecy, randomization, diversification, and post-hoc specification. Finally, it will discuss important desiderata and the trade-offs involved in each approach.
A Study on the Role Path of Independent Directors in Listed Companies

The function of independent director system in listed companies has always been a hot issue in academic circles.Starting with the board voting system,the article explores the relationship between the independent directors and the enterprise value and performance,and further analyzes the role path of the independent directors through AMOS path analysis.The research finds that because of the low percentage of the independent directors on the board,they cannot have an obvious influence on the enterprise value and performance,but they can improve the corporate governance mechanism,thus indirectly affecting the enterprise value and performance.After the grouping detection of the samples,we find out that the independent directors with a higher proportion of seats have a significant effect on the enterprise value and performance in a direct way.Therefore,this article recommends that the independent director system should be perfected by encouraging the listed companies to further increase the proportion of seats of the independent directors on the board.
Factors Affecting Adoption of Electronic Banking: An Analysis of the Perspectives of Banks' Customers

Electronic banking services are being used with increasing frequency in most countries, including Jordan. Although previous studies have confirmed the importance for such services for both banks and customers, the level of electronic banking services' adoption in Jordan is still low. This study aims to identify and understand factors that affect bank customers' use of electronic banking services. This study integrates technology acceptance model (TAM) with the theory of planned behavior model (TPB) and incorporates five cultural dimensions and perceived risk to propose a theoretical model. The primary data were collected from 387 valid questionnaires which were distributed to random banking customers in all 26 licensed banks in Jordan. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The main findings of the study are: uncertainty avoidance has a positive and significant impact on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Perceived risk has the stronger impact on customers' attitude, which in turn influences customers' intention to use electronic banking services.
Customers’ Intention to Use Electronic Payment System for Purchasing

The purpose of this research was to study the factors of characteristic of business, website quality and trust affected intention to use electronic payment systems for online purchasing. This survey research used questionnaire as a tool to collect the data of 300 customers who purchased online products and used an electronic payment system. The descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. The results revealed that customers had a good opinion towards the characteristic of the business and website quality. However, they have a moderate opinion towards trust and intention to repurchase. In addition, the characteristics of the business affected the purchase intention the most, followed by website quality and the trust with statistical significance at 0.05 level. For particular, the terms of reputation, communication, information quality, perceived risk and word of mouth affected the intention to use the electronic payment system. In contrast, the terms of size, system quality and service quality did not affect intention to use an electronic payment system. Keywords—Electronic payment, intention, online purchasing, trust.
Small Shops for Sale! The Effects of Big-Box Openings on Grocery Stores

This paper evaluates the effects of big-box openings on the closure of grocery stores at the municipality level. To estimate these effects, I use a discontinuity in commercial regulation in Spain as the source of exogenous variation for the period 2003 to 2011. More specifically, this regulation, which varies by region, establishes entry barriers on big-box stores in municipalities of less than 10,000 inhabitants. I first test whether there is a discontinuity on the number of big-box openings when crossing the population threshold from regulated to non-regulated areas. This first stage shows that non-regulated municipalities recorded 0.3 more big-box openings than the regulated ones. I then use this discontinuity as an instrument to examine the effects of these openings on the number of grocery stores. The results show that, four years after the big-box opening, between 20 and 30% of the grocery stores in the municipality have disappeared. However, even if a big-box store opening is a big threat to grocery stores the results also indicate that it does not seem to be the case for the city centre’s activity given that the empty commercial premises are taken by some new small retail stores. Additionally, when examining by typology, the conventional big-boxes (those selling well-known brands) seem to compete more with grocery stores than do the discount big-boxes (those selling their own, lower price brands) and the former are, therefore, more instrumental in forcing them to close down.
Rearranging links: a cost-effective approach to improve the reliability of multistage interconnection networks

The use of multiprocessor systems is the main method for providing a high computational power. Multistage interconnection networks (MINs) are widely used to connect processors and memory modules in multiprocessor systems. Therefore, the design of an efficient MIN is an essential requirement for the development of multiprocessor systems. In addition, a critical parameter for any efficient interconnection network is reliability. However, the problem in the way of designing high-reliable interconnection networks is high hardware cost. To solve this problem, contribution of this paper is to propose a new approach to improve the reliability of the MINs, called the rearranging links. The proposed approach is implemented on two common MINs namely extra-stage shuffle-exchange network (SEN+) and augmented shuffle-exchange network (ASEN). Meticulous analysis of terminal reliability proves that the proposed approach is an efficient method to improve the reliability of MINs. In addition, performed cost analysis confirms that utilising it leads to emerge cost-effective MINs.
A VoIP call classifier for carrier grade based on Support Vector Machines

espanolActualmente, los tecnicos de companias de VoIP realizan pruebas y clasifican las llamadas como buenas o malas. Asimismo, existen plataformas automaticas que realizan llamadas VoIP para clasificarlas, sin realizar procesamiento de audio; proceso necesario cuando se pretende detectar el False Answer Supervision (FAS), una caracteristica comun e indeseable de las llamadas VoIP. Se implemento una Maquina de Vectores de Soporte (SVM) junto con varias funciones utilizadas en el reconocimiento de voz para emular la toma de decisiones de los humanos (tarea de clasificacion y analisis de audio realizada por los tecnicos). Los experimentos se basaron en la comparacion entre los resultados obtenidos de los metodos de clasificacion actuales y los derivados de la SVM. Se utilizo una validacion cruzada de diez veces para evaluar el rendimiento del sistema. Derivado de los resultados, la metodologia propuesta muestra un mejor porcentaje de clasificacion exitosa comparado con una plataforma automatica llamada CheckMyRoutes. EnglishCurrently, VoIP company technicians conduct tests to classify call quality as good or bad. Even though, there are automatic platforms that make test VoIP calls to classify them, they do not perform audio processing to detect False Answer Supervision (FAS), which is a common and undesirable feature of VoIP calls. In this paper, a Vector Support Machine (SVM) along with several functions used in voice recognition were implemented to emulate the human decision procedure (the task of audio classification and analysis performed by technicians). The experiments were based on the comparison between the results obtained from the current classification methods and those derived fromthe SVM. A 10-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the system performance. The tests results from the proposed methodology show a better percentage of successful classification compared to a selected automatic platform called CheckMyRoutes.
Accurate Corruption Estimation in ZigBee under Cross-Technology Interference

Cross-Technology Interference affects the operation of low-power ZigBee networks, especially under severe WiFi interference. Accurate corruption estimation is very important to improve the resilience of ZigBee transmissions. However, there are many limitations in existing approaches such as low accuracy, high overhead, and requirement of hardware modification. In this paper, we propose an accurate corruption estimation approach, AccuEst, which utilizes per-byte SINR (Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio) to detect corruption. We combine the use of pilot symbols with per-byte SINR to improve corruption detection accuracy, especially in highly noisy environments (i.e., noise and interference are at the same level). We extract pilot symbols by leveraging protocol signatures. In addition, we design an adaptive pilot instrumentation scheme to strike a good balance between accuracy and overhead. We implement AccuEst on the TinyOS 2.1. 1/TelosB platform and evaluate its performance through extensive experiments. Results show that AccuEst improves corruption detection accuracy by 79.4 percent on average compared with state-of-the-art approach (i.e., CARE) in highly noisy environments. In addition, AccuEst reduces pilot overhead by 83.7 percent on average compared to the traditional pilot-based approach. We implement AccuEst in a coding-based transmission protocol, and results show that with AccuEst, the packet delivery ratio is improved by 22.1 percent on average.
Minimum corporate website disclosure levels and information asymmetry: Evidence from Johannesburg Stock Exchange small-cap companies

The use of corporate websites as communication medium may contribute to good governance and specifically transparency as one of the basic principles of governance, mitigating the effect of the agency problem. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the link between voluntary corporate website disclosure and information asymmetry for the smallest JSE-listed companies. Rule 26, as issued by the LSE for its AIM-listed companies, was used as proxy for disclosure while the bid-ask spread stood as a proxy for information asymmetry. The results of a content analysis showed that the majority of smaller listed JSE companies are not on par with their UK counterparts. Using agency theory, it was argued that if information voluntarily disclosed by companies on their corporate websites is useful to investors, it should theoretically decrease information asymmetry. Although empirical evidence of a negative relationship between disclosure and the bid-ask spread was found, the relationship changed to not significant once controlled for market capitalisation. Besides the bid-ask spread, the association between disclosure and both share price volatility and share turnover (both as alternative proxies for information asymmetry) was tested, and both were found non-significantly related to disclosure. The results reported do suggest that the Rule 26 minimum corporate website disclosures may not be sufficient in persuading investors to change their trading behaviour. Although there has been no research on the voluntary compliance and effect of Rule 26 website disclosure on information asymmetry using JSE small-cap data, a major limitation of this study is that generalisation of results is limited to small listed companies.
Redirected Walking, an Investigation into Noticeable, but Usable Gains and the Role of Hardware in Threshold Detection

Redirected Walking uses rotation, translation and curvature gains to manipulate users of VR environments. This paper presents a new detection threshold for rotation, translation and curvature gain for the HTC Vive. The calculated rotation gain was 13% increased and 21% decreased rotation. For translation gain, 19% increased and 5% decreased movement. The detection threshold for curvature gain was a circle with a radius of less than 22m. When comparing these results to previous studies, which used hardware with lower resolution, frame rate and FOV, the results indicate that it is easier to detect two type of gain, increased rotation and decreased translation gain in the HTC Vive. Further I investigate if there is a range of gains that is noticeable, but is still comfortable for the user. The results indicate that for most, there are detectable gains that are still comfortable when noticeable. Though how great the difference in gain is between noticeable and uncomfortable is extremely dependant on the person’s sensitivity to the given gain.
Facing Strategies for Organization Restructuring in PT ASDP Indonesia Fery (Persero)

The organizational restructuring carried out by PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) was based on a critical problem, namely a change in the company's business strategy. The purpose of this study was to analyze employee perceptions of organizational restructuring and see the effect of organizational restructuring on organizational climate, job satisfaction and change management. The research methodology uses AHP and SEM analysis with a total of 123 respondents consisting of employees and four experts. The results showed that organizational restructuring had a significant effect on change management, organizational climate, whereas it did not directly significant affect to job satisfaction, whereas AHP results showed that determining the main strategy of factors is change management with the main actor is BOD and the main goal is to maximize company performance and the main strategy is decentralization.
Relationship between Leverage and Firm Size Toward to Real Earning Management (Unit Analysis of Mining Company Indonesia Exchange Stock Period 2012 Until 2015)

This study found new results from the development of previous research. Previous research, earnings management is measured through discreationary accruals by disbursing total accruals with non-discreationary accruals using the Jones Modified model (Dechow et al., 1995) with the formula TA = Nit â€“ CFOit. Previous research and this study were conducted on mining companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in the period 2012 to 2015. The results of previous studies that leverage had no effect on earnings management and earnings management is an intervening variable that has a significant influence on earnings quality. (Irene Barus et al., 2018). This study aims to analyze the relationship between leverage ratio and firm size to real earnings management using discretionary accruals through real daily earnings management activities. Managers tend to choose earnings management through real activity manipulation rather than earnings management through accruals (Graham et al. 2005; Roychowdhury (2006: 338). The results of this study indicate leverage variables have a positive and significant effect on real earnings management activities.