Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Constitutive and Inducible Non-Endogenous Keto-Carotenoids Biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has gained significant attention as an alternative and sustainable source for biomass, biofuels and added-value compounds. The latter category includes keto-carotenoids, which are molecules largely employed in a wide spectrum of industrial applications in the food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors. Keto-carotenoids are not naturally synthesized by Synechocystis, at least in any significant amounts, but their accumulation can be induced by metabolic engineering of the endogenous carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the accumulation of the keto-carotenoids astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, resulting from the constitutive or temperature-inducible expression of the CrtW and CrtZ genes from Brevundimonas, is compared. The benefits and drawbacks of the two engineering approaches are discussed.
How effectively can implicit evaluations be updated? Using evaluative statements after aversive repeated evaluative pairings.

Implicit evaluations (attitudes) are often described as resistant to change, especially when they were initially formed in a seemingly associative manner, such as via repeated evaluative pairings (REP), and new learning is created via propositional material, such as evaluative statements (ES). The present research (total N = 2,124) tested the responsiveness of implicit evaluations instantiated via REP to updating via different types of ES. In Experiment 1, initial learning was created via repeatedly pairing a novel target with strongly negative stimuli (screams) in an aversive REP (A-REP) task. Subsequent ES of opposing valence providing diagnostic information about the target's behavior substantially updated implicit (IAT) evaluations. In Experiment 2, behavioral ES resulted in successful updating after A-REP whether or not they provided an explanation for the initial A-REP learning. A previously unobtained result emerged in Experiment 3 showing that updating was durable even after 1 day. Finally, in Experiment 4, implicit evaluations were updated via diagnostic behavioral ES, but not via an ES instruction to suppose that different pairings had occurred during A-REP. Taken together, these experiments challenge associative theories of implicit evaluation by demonstrating that diagnostic behavioral statements can durably override the effects of initial learning on implicit evaluations, even if such initial learning is aversive and involves direct experience with stimulus pairings. Moreover, by showing that verbal manipulations based on diagnostic behavior but not a mere supposition instruction had impact, the present project advances theory by starting to identify the nature of learning that can adaptively update social impressions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Prunin suppresses viral IRES activity and is a potential candidate for treating enterovirus A71 infection

Prunin suppresses HEVA71 translation in vitro and in vivo by impeding activity of the HEVA71 internal ribosome entry site. A translational antiviral Human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71) is a major cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease, which can lead to severe neurological complications including fatality; currently, however, HEVA71 lacks effective treatment options. Gunaseelan et al. screened for compounds that targeted the HEVA71 internal ribosome entry site and thereby impeded viral, but not human, protein synthesis. They found that the flavonoid prunin effectively inhibited HEVA71 protein synthesis in vitro and decreased viral loads and mortality in a mouse model of infection. Prunin may therefore warrant further investigation as a potential treatment option against hand, foot, and mouth disease. Human enterovirus A71 (HEVA71) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children and is considered a major neurotropic pathogen but lacks effective antivirals. To identify potential therapeutic agents against HFMD, we screened a 502-compound flavonoid library for compounds targeting the HEVA71 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that facilitates translation of the HEVA71 genome and is vital for the production of HEVA71 viral particles. We validated hits using cell viability and viral plaque assays and found that prunin was the most potent inhibitor of HEVA71. Downstream assays affirmed that prunin disrupted viral protein and RNA synthesis and acted as a narrow-spectrum antiviral against enteroviruses A and B, but not enterovirus C, rhinovirus A, herpes simplex 1, or chikungunya virus. Continuous HEVA71 passaging with prunin yielded HEVA71-resistant mutants with five mutations that mapped to the viral IRES. Knockdown studies showed that the mutations allowed HEVA71 to overcome treatment-induced suppression by differentially regulating recruitment of the IRES trans-acting factors Sam68 and hnRNPK without affecting the hnRNPA1-IRES interaction required for IRES translation. Furthermore, prunin effectively reduced HEVA71-associated clinical symptoms and mortality in HEVA71-infected BALB/c mice and suppressed hepatitis C virus at higher concentrations, suggesting a similar mechanism of prunin-mediated IRES inhibition for both viruses. These studies establish prunin as a candidate for further development as a HEVA71 therapeutic agent.
Disabled children, child protection systems and the Children Act 1989

It is now widely recognized that disabled children are particularly vulnerable to abuse but that a number of factors get in the way of protecting them. This article discusses research on the implementation of the Children Act as it applies to disabled children and the findings from in-depth interviews with young disabled people. The research concluded that: current child protection systems are not addressing the particular needs of disabled children; the Children Act regulations on short-term and long-term placements are often not complied with; and disabled children and young people have little say in decisions which affect them and few opportunities to communicate their experiences. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment Option for Uremic Pruritus

Uremic pruritus remains a frequent concern for hemodialysis [HD] patients with the most frustrating and disabling symptoms. Nearly 90% of patients on dialysis suffer from pruritus. Until present, there have been a lot of reviews discussing the pathophysiology and treatment of pruritus[1-14]. Previously, the word “uremic pruritus” has been used for symptoms of itching because it is a common skin derangement in patients with advanced renal failure. However, the usage of “uremic” may cause confusion because pruritus is not found in patients with acute kidney injury. In this regard Paitel et al. [9] recently proposed the term, “chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated pruritus” instead of “uremic pruritus” as a more precise nomenclature. In this review, the words “uremic pruritus”, “CKD-associated pruritus” and “pruritus” are used interchangeably because the authors would like to respect each author’s contribution. The prevalence of CKD-associated pruritus was found to range from 15-90% of patients [15, 16]. Recent data from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) reported that the prevalence of CKD-associated pruritus was 42% [17].
How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of Internet use disorders and what to do with “smartphone addiction”?

Aims: The present theoretical paper introduces the smartphone technology as a challenge for diagnostics in the study of Internet use disorders and reflects on the term “smartphone addiction. ” Methods: Such a reflection is carried out against the background of a literature review and the inclusion of Gaming Disorder in ICD-11. Results: We believe that it is necessary to divide research on Internet use disorder (IUD) into a mobile and non-mobile IUD branch. This is important because certain applications such as the messenger application WhatsApp have originally been developed for smartphones and enfold their power and attractiveness mainly on mobile devices. Discussion and conclusions: Going beyond the argumentation for distinguishing between mobile and non-mobile IUD, it is of high relevance for scientists to better describe and understand what persons are actually (over-)using. This is stressed by a number of examples, explicitly targeting not only the diverse contents used in the online world, but also the exact behavior on each platform. Among others, it matters if a person is more of an active producer of content or passive consumer of social media.
Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution, Black Carbon, and Their Source Components in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke

Background: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but few studies have considered incident disease in relation to PM from different sources. Objectives: We aimed to study associations between long-term exposure to different types of PM and sources, and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in three Swedish cities. Methods: Based on detailed emission databases, monitoring data, and high-resolution dispersion models, we calculated source contributions to PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm (PM10), PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤2. 5μm (PM2.5), and black carbon (BC) from road wear, traffic exhaust, residential heating, and other sources in Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå. Registry data for participants from four cohorts were used to obtain incidence of IHD and stroke for first hospitalization or death. We constructed time windows of exposure for same-year, 1- to 5-y, and 6- to 10-y averages preceding incidence from annual averages at residential addresses. Risk estimates were based on random effects meta-analyses of cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models. Results: We observed 5,166 and 3,119 incident IHD and stroke cases, respectively, in 114,758 participants. Overall, few consistent associations were observed between the different air pollution measures and IHD or stroke incidence. However, same-year levels of ambient locally emitted BC (range: 0.01−4.6 μg/m3) were associated with a 4.0% higher risk of incident stroke per interquartile range (IQR), 0.30 μg/m3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04, 7.8]. This association was primarily related to BC from traffic exhaust. PM10 (range: 4.4−52 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (range: 2.9−22 μg/m3) were not associated with stroke. Associations with incident IHD were observed only for PM2.5 exposure from residential heating. Discussion: Few consistent associations were observed between different particulate components and IHD or stroke. However, long-term residential exposure to locally emitted BC from traffic exhaust was associated with stroke incidence. The comparatively low exposure levels may have contributed to the paucity of associations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4757
The Pattern of Adherence in Patients with Bipolar I Disorder; an Eight Weeks Study

Objectives: Non-adherence limits the effectiveness of medications among patients with bipolar disorder. Many studies have investigated the predicting factors of non-adherence. This paper aims to present the pattern of adherence in patients with bipolar I disorder (BID). Methods: Seventy six patients with BID enrolled in a prospective study. The Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) was used to evaluate patients' adherence to medications, and repeated measure analysis was performed to reveal the pattern of variations. A Persian translation of Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) (shortened version) was used to assess the attitude of patients toward medications. Results: the repeated measure analysis revealed that the adherence to medications successively decreased (p<0.001). Age, gender, marital status, educational level, comorbid substance abuse did not alter the pattern. Conclusion: There is a decreasing pattern in the adherence to medications among BID patients, regardless of known predicting factors of non-adherence. It means even fully adherent patients could potentially become non-adherents during the course of maintenance treatment. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (IJPBS), Volume 3, Number 2, Autumn/Winter 2009: 39-43.
Adversarial Domain Adaption for Multi-Cultural Dimensional Emotion Recognition in Dyadic Interactions

Cross-cultural emotion recognition has been a challenging research problem in the affective computing field. In this paper, we present our solutions for the Cross-cultural Emotion Sub-challenge (CES) in Audio/Visual Emotion Challenge (AVEC) 2019. The aim of this task is to investigate how emotion knowledge of Western European cultures (German and Hungarian) can be transferred to Chinese culture. Previous studies have shown that the cultural difference can bring significant performance impact to emotion recognition across cultures. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised adversarial domain adaptation approach to bridge the gap across different cultures for emotion recognition. The highlights of our complete solution for the CES challenge task include: 1) several efficient deep features from multiple modalities and the LSTM network to capture the temporal information. 2) several multimodal interaction strategies to take advantage of the interlocutor's multimodal information. 3) an unsupervised adversarial adaptation approach to bridge the emotion knowledge gap across different cultures. Our solutions achieve the best CCC performance of 0.4, 0.471 and 0.257 for arousal, valence and likability respectively on the challenge testing set of Chinese, which outperforms the baseline system with corresponding CCC of 0.355, 0.468 and 0.041.
An Uncultivated Virus Infecting a Nanoarchaeal Parasite in the Hot Springs of Yellowstone National Park

Here, we present evidence of the first virus found to infect Nanoarchaeota, a symbiotic archaean found in acidic hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA. Using culture-independent techniques, we provide the genome sequence and identify the archaeal host species of a novel virus, NAV1. NAV1 is the first example of a virus infecting an archaeal species that is itself an obligate symbiont and dependent on a second host organism for growth and cellular replication. On the basis of annotation of the NAV1 genome, we propose that this virus is the founding member of a new viral family, further demonstrating the remarkable genetic diversity of archaeal viruses. ABSTRACT The Nanoarchaeota are small cells with reduced genomes that are found attached to and dependent on a second archaeal cell for their growth and replication. Initially found in marine hydrothermal environments and subsequently in terrestrial geothermal hot springs, the Nanoarchaeota species that have been described are obligate ectobionts, each with a different host species. However, no viruses had been described that infect the Nanoarchaeota. Here, we identify a virus infecting Nanoarchaeota by the use of a combination of viral metagenomic and bioinformatic approaches. This virus, tentatively named Nanoarchaeota Virus 1 (NAV1), consists of a 35.6-kb circular DNA genome coding for 52 proteins. We further demonstrate that this virus is broadly distributed among Yellowstone National Park hot springs. NAV1 is one of the first examples of a virus infecting a single-celled organism that is itself an ectobiont of another single-celled organism. IMPORTANCE Here, we present evidence of the first virus found to infect Nanoarchaeota, a symbiotic archaean found in acidic hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA. Using culture-independent techniques, we provide the genome sequence and identify the archaeal host species of a novel virus, NAV1. NAV1 is the first example of a virus infecting an archaeal species that is itself an obligate symbiont and dependent on a second host organism for growth and cellular replication. On the basis of annotation of the NAV1 genome, we propose that this virus is the founding member of a new viral family, further demonstrating the remarkable genetic diversity of archaeal viruses.
Digestive exophagy: Phagocyte digestion of objects too large for phagocytosis

Mammalian phagocytes carry out several essential functions, including killing and digesting infectious organisms, clearing denatured proteins, removing dead cells and removing several types of debris from the extracellular space. Many of these functions involve phagocytosis, the engulfment of a target in a specialized endocytic process and then fusion of the new phagosome with lysosomes. Phagocytes such as macrophages can phagocytose targets that are several micrometers in diameter (eg, dead cells), but in some cases they encounter much larger objects. We have studied two such examples in some detail: large deposits of lipoproteins such as those in the wall of blood vessels associated with atherosclerosis, and dead adipocytes, which are dozens of micrometers in diameter. We describe a process, which we call digestive exophagy, in which macrophages create a tight seal in contact with the target, acidify the sealed zone and secrete lysosomal contents into the contact zone. By this process, hydrolysis by lysosomal enzymes occurs in a compartment that is outside the cell. We compare this process to the well characterized digestion of bone by osteoclasts, and we point out key similarities and differences.
Microvascular Obstruction in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Looking Back to Move Forward. Focus on CMR

After a myocardial infarction (MI), despite the resolution of the coronary occlusion, the deterioration of myocardial perfusion persists in a considerable number of patients. This phenomenon is known as microvascular obstruction (MVO). Initially, the focus was placed on re-establishing blood flow in the epicardial artery. Then, the observation that MVO has profound negative structural and prognostic repercussions revived interest in microcirculation. In the near future, the availability of co-adjuvant therapies (beyond timely coronary reperfusion) aimed at preventing, minimizing, and repairing MVOs and finding convincing answers to questions regarding what, when, how, and where to administer these therapies will be of utmost importance. The objective of this work is to review the state-of-the-art concepts on pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and structural and clinical implications of MVOs in patients with ST-segment elevation MIs. Based on this knowledge we discuss previously-tested and future opportunities for the prevention and repair of MVO.
Fetal and neonatal abnormalities due to congenital herpes simplex virus infection: a literature review

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection during pregnancy can cause severe neonatal infections. It is also a rare cause of congenital infections. We aimed to describe fetal and neonatal abnormalities of congenital HSV infection in order to define the features that are accessible to prenatal diagnosis during ultrasound screening and/or during a work‐up for congenital malformations.
Persistence and adherence to dutasteride/tamsulosin fixed-dose versus free-combination alpha blocker/5ARI therapy in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia in Germany

Objective: To evaluate real-world persistence and adherence in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) receiving a fixed-dose combination of dutasteride plus tamsulosin (DUT-TAM FDC) versus α-blocker plus 5-α reductase inhibitor (AB/5ARI) free-combination therapy. Materials and methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study utilized the German IMS LRx (IQVIA) database. Patients ≥ 45 years old with BPH receiving DUT-TAM FDC or AB/5ARI free-combination therapy from July 1, 2011 to November 30, 2017 were included. Data were analyzed for 48 months from index date (date of first prescription). Persistence, measured as time to discontinuation (defined as a 90-day gap in therapy), was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank tests). Adherence, measured as medication possession ratio (MPR), was based on a comparison of mean prescribing duration and expected treatment duration. Results: A total of 141,667 patients were included (DUT-TAM FDC, n = 86,057; free AB/5ARI: n = 55,610). Small differences in persistence were observed between treatment arms. At month 12, 41.8% of DUT-TAM FDC-treated and 41.0% of AB/5ARI free-combination therapy-treated patients were persistent; at month 24, 28.2% and 27.1% were persistent, respectively. A higher proportion of DUT-TAM FDC-treated patients had MPR ≥ 0.80, ≥ 0.75 and ≥ 0.70 compared with AB/5ARI free-combination therapy (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Small differences observed in persistence between treatment arms may not translate to meaningful clinical relevance. Adherence was significantly better in the FDC arm, which may be clinically relevant as improved adherence is associated with better outcomes. Persistence and adherence to BPH therapy in Germany is low; further studies exploring the reasons behind this are required.
Juvenile mild traumatic brain injury elicits distinct spatiotemporal astrocyte responses

Mild‐traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents ~80% of all emergency room visits and increases the probability of developing long‐term cognitive disorders in children. To date, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying post‐mTBI cognitive dysfunction are unknown. Astrogliosis has been shown to significantly alter astrocytes' properties following brain injury, potentially leading to significant brain dysfunction. However, such alterations have never been investigated in the context of juvenile mTBI (jmTBI). A closed‐head injury model was used to study jmTBI on postnatal‐day 17 mice. Astrogliosis was evaluated using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and nestin immunolabeling in somatosensory cortex (SSC), dentate gyrus (DG), amygdala (AMY), and infralimbic area (ILA) of prefrontal cortex in both hemispheres from 1 to 30 days postinjury (dpi). In vivo T2‐weighted‐imaging (T2WI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed at 7 and 30 dpi to examine tissue level structural alterations. Increased GFAP‐labeling was observed up to 30 dpi in the ipsilateral SSC, the initial site of the impact. However, vimentin and nestin expression was not perturbed by jmTBI. The morphology of GFAP positive cells was significantly altered in the SSC, DG, AMY, and ILA up to 7 dpi that some correlated with magnetic resonance imaging changes. T2WI and DTI values were significantly altered at 30 dpi within these brain regions most prominently in regions distant from the impact site. Our data show that jmTBI triggers changes in astrocytic phenotype with a distinct spatiotemporal pattern. We speculate that the presence and time course of astrogliosis may contribute to pathophysiological processes and long‐term structural alterations following jmTBI.