Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Getting Weighed Down: The Effect of Childhood Obesity on the Development of Socioemotional Skills

Childhood obesity not only has serious long-term health implications but also can hinder the development of socioemotional skills. We use data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children to examine the effect of childhood obesity on socioemotional difficulties. Using various specifications to estimate the socioemotional-skills production function, we show that obesity increases emotional problems for both genders and increases peer problems and decreases conduct problems for boys. Obesity does not appear to affect hyperactivity or prosocial behavior. Our results are robust to alternative identifying assumptions, the inclusion of a range of time-varying shocks, and alternative measures of adiposity. Our findings suggest that childhood obesity adversely affects emotional and social skills, which are both important determinants of human capital development and future economic prosperity.
Remission from mania is associated with a decrease in amygdala activation during motor response inhibition.

OBJECTIVES Neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder (BD) have provided evidence of brain functional abnormalities during both the states of mania and remission. However, the differences in brain function between these two states are still poorly known. In the current study, we aimed to use a longitudinal design to examine the functional changes associated with symptomatic remission from mania within the brain network underlying motor response inhibition. METHODS Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 10 BD patients and 10 healthy subjects were imaged twice while performing a Go/NoGo task. Patients were in a manic state when they underwent the first scan and fully remitted during the second scan. A mixed-effect ANOVA was used to identify brain regions showing differences in activation change over time between the two groups. RESULTS The left amygdala was the only brain region to show a time-dependent change in activation that was significantly different between BD patients and healthy subjects. Further analyses revealed that this difference arose from the patient group, in which amygdala activation was decreased between mania and subsequent remission. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that a decrease in left amygdala responsiveness is a critical phenomenon associated with remission from mania. It emphasizes the relevance of longitudinal approaches for identifying neurofunctional modifications associated with mood changes in BD.
Mining Maximal Cliques on Dynamic Graphs Efficiently by Local Strategies

Maximal Clique Enumeration (MCE) is a long standing problem in database community. Though it is extensively studied, almost all researches focus on calculating maximal cliques as a one-time effort. MCE on dynamic graph has been rarely discussed so far, the only work on this topic is to maintain maximal cliques with graph evolving. The key within this problem is to find maximal cliques that contains vertices incident to the inserted edge when edge insertion happens. Up to O(W2) candidates are generated in prior method based on Cartesian product, the overall complexity is O(W2n2) where n, W represents the number of vertices and maximal cliques on the graph. Besides, maximality verification of candidate is conducted frequently by global search. Change of maximal clique induced by graph's updating presents some localities. We propose novel local construction strategy to generate candidates based on linear scan, number of candidates is reduced to O(W), the overall complexity is then reduced to O(Wn2). Furthermore, we present heuristics to reduce the cost incurred by maximality verification. Theoretical analysis and experiments on real graphs indicate that our proposals are effective and efficient.
The impact of entrepreneurial leadership measurement validation on innovation management and its measurement validation

Purpose The paper aims to validate the measurement of entrepreneurial leadership in the context of innovation management and strategic entrepreneurship, and to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and the innovation process. It proposes the measurement of entrepreneurial leadership and outlines the reason and the importance of entrepreneurial leadership in the innovation process. The study further examines whether the innovation process would have direct impact on innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for an explanatory and confirmatory study using quantitative approach employing an online survey/questionnaire distributed to two groups of employees representing middle and senior management having mixed background such as finance, marketing, operations, and management. The first group consists of 222 respondents spread across multiple industries; and the second group consists of 60 respondents mainly from the financial services industry to validate the m.
Participation in job-related training in European countries: the impact of skill supply and demand characteristics

Abstract Ageing populations and accelerating economic change make it increasingly important to update the skill levels of populations over the whole life course. Adult education is believed to allow adults’ skills to adapt continuously to constantly changing economic requirements. Both research into adult education, and discussions on lifelong learning policies have been dominated by a supply side view of the labour market (the human capital approach), which has tended to underplay the role of the demand side of the labour market. This paper aims to extend previous analyses by examining how both labour supply and demand characteristics influence participation in non-formal job-related education in countries with different skill formation systems. The paper emphasises skill use at work. The purpose is to understand better the relationship between participation in adult education and workers’ skills profiles as well as the extent to which those skills are used in jobs and how this relationship differs in different countries. We used data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies and applied logistic regression analysis.
Small Toxic Proteins and the Antisense RNAs That Repress Them

SUMMARY There has been a great expansion in the number of small regulatory RNAs identified in bacteria. Some of these small RNAs repress the synthesis of potentially toxic proteins. Generally the toxin proteins are hydrophobic and less than 60 amino acids in length, and the corresponding antitoxin small RNA genes are antisense to the toxin genes or share long stretches of complementarity with the target mRNAs. Given their short length, only a limited number of these type I toxin-antitoxin loci have been identified, but it is predicted that many remain to be found. Already their characterization has given insights into regulation by small RNAs, has suggested functions for the small toxic proteins at the cell membrane, and has led to practical applications for some of the type I toxin-antitoxin loci.
Integration of Additional Purchase Cost to Reduce the Lead Time Uncertainty for One Level Assembly System

We consider the supply planning for one level assembly system under uncertainty of lead times. The finished product need several components for the assembly operation. The lead times can be uncertain for different reasons such as machine breakdowns, transport delay, strike, etc. In literature, this type of problem was studied in the case of random lead times that follow continuous distributions as well as in the case of any discrete laws with known distribution. We consider the case of discrete distributions to be closer to the industrial reality because often in real life situations the lead time is expressed as the number of periods. Typically, this is an inventory control problem where the objective is to minimize the component holding and backlog costs for the finished product due to the uncertainty of lead times. Indeed, as the finished product is assembled by using several types of components, the assembly is stopped even if a single type of component is delayed. The other components are stored between their arrival and the arrival of the latest component. To reduce stock and backlog costs, we propose to pay the supplier more, if he/she agrees to decrease his lead time uncertainty. A model describing this choice is suggested.
The Economic Effects of U.S. Presidential Tax Communication: Evidence from a Correlated Topic Model

Aside from affecting tax expectations, the U.S. President holds a unique position to in uence economic sentiment. We apply a probabilistic topic model and a dictionary-based sentiment analysis to extract information on the tone and the prevalence of tax policy in public statements by the U.S. president. Our econometric analyses show that prioritizing tax policy temporarily stimulates consumption, investment, and output. A positive tone in presidential tax news suggests that these results stem from sentiment effects. In accordance, we find that confidence rises and policy uncertainty decreases in response to more precise tax communication. The positive effect on output persists after controlling for tax foresight, underscoring the existence of a distinct sentiment effect.
The Cyclical Dynamics of Industries in West Germany - Testing the Industry Life Cycle Hypothesis

We test the industry life cycle hypothesis for 205 industries in West Germany between 1976 and 2009. In particular we analyse whether population indicators follow a cyclical path. Using a novel non-linear regression approach to identify life cycles we find that the number of establishments, employees, entries and exits follow in most industries a path that is well represented by at least a part of a cycle. Most industries that show cyclical behaviour run (partially) through their life cycle in the considered time period.
Unraveling the diverse nature of service quality in a sharing economy: A social exchange theory perspective of Airbnb accommodation

Purpose This paper aims to investigate customers’ perceptions of the service quality facets of Airbnb accommodation using social exchange theory as a suitable conceptual framework to explain aspects of interactivity between guests and hosts. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 25 accommodation-specific service quality attributes, structured according to Akbaba’s (2006) measurement scale and based on the service quality hierarchical conceptualization described by Brady and Cronin (2001) and Cronin and Taylor (1992), was distributed to Airbnb international guests visiting Phuket, Thailand. The sample was chosen through a two-stage sampling process and the PLS-SEM technique was used for data analysis. Findings The results showed that convenience and assurance are critical contributors to the measurement of service quality in remote Airbnb lodgings. The findings further revealed that Airbnb guests are mainly interested in lodgings which have access to certain tourist sights, and in easily accessible information and efficient resolution of problems during their stay. The authors also found that guests greatly value the convenience and flexibility offered by Airbnb, and that they particularly appreciate the warm hospitality provided by the hosts. Finally, Airbnb guests have very low expectations of the amenities and services available at the lodgings. Research limitations/implications Airbnb is one of the most well-known examples of hospitality in the sharing economy, and results cannot be generalized to similar accommodation providers in sharing economies. Despite the appropriateness of using the measurement tool provided by Akbaba (2006), it is only one option among others for measuring service quality. Practical implications The current study can assist hosts in gaining better knowledge of guests’ decision-making processes and in designing effective marketing strategies by focusing on guests’ requirements in terms of service quality. The effective use of competitive strengths and the prioritization of business resources would potentially enhance guests’ positive experiences at the accommodation and at the destination. Originality/value Limited numbers of studies have focused on the sharing economy and hospitality and in particular on Airbnb, and this is the first study with a focus on service quality issues in terms of Airbnb accommodation.
A comparative assessment of destination image, travel risk perceptions and travel intention by young travellers across three ASEAN countries: a study of German students

ABSTRACT This paper seeks to offer a comparative assessment of destination image and travel risk as perceived by young German travellers across three ASEAN countries, namely Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. In addition, effects of destination image and travel risk perception on intention to visit are evaluated. The results are drawn based on an online survey of 281 German university students who have recently travelled long-haul, each offering their perceptions of the three countries for analysis. It was found that destination image and travel risk perceptions vary across the studied destinations. Furthermore, destination image factors are discovered to display much stronger relationships with travel intention than the risk factors. The results reveal that travel risk perceptions only had some influence on visit intentions in Vietnam, which is perceived to have higher degrees of risk. Moreover, the relationship between tourist role and destination choice was confirmed.
Effects of Romosozumab Compared With Teriparatide on Bone Density and Mass at the Spine and Hip in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass

Romosozumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds sclerostin, has a dual effect on bone by increasing bone formation and reducing bone resorption, and thus has favorable effects in both aspects of bone volume regulation. In a phase 2 study, romosozumab increased areal BMD at the lumbar spine and total hip as measured by DXA compared with placebo, alendronate, and teriparatide in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. In additional analyses from this international, randomized study, we now describe the effect of romosozumab on lumbar spine and hip volumetric BMD (vBMD) and BMC at month 12 as assessed by QCT in the subset of participants receiving placebo, s.c. teriparatide (20 µg once daily), and s.c. romosozumab (210 mg once monthly). QCT measurements were performed at the lumbar spine (mean of L1 and L2 entire vertebral bodies, excluding posterior processes) and hip. One year of treatment with romosozumab significantly increased integral vBMD and BMC at the lumbar spine and total hip from baseline, and compared with placebo and teriparatide (all p < 0.05). Trabecular vertebral vBMD improved significantly and similarly from baseline (p < 0.05) with both romosozumab (18.3%) and teriparatide (20.1%), whereas cortical vertebral vBMD gains were larger with romosozumab compared with teriparatide (13.7% versus 5.7%, p < 0.0001). Trabecular hip vBMD gains were significantly larger with romosozumab than with teriparatide (10.8% versus 4.2%, p = 0.01), but were similar for cortical vBMD (1.1% versus –0.9%, p = 0.12). Cortical BMC gains were larger with romosozumab compared with teriparatide at both the spine (23.3% versus 10.9%, p < 0.0001) and hip (3.4% versus 0.0%, p = 0.03). These improvements are expected to result in strength gains and support the continued clinical investigation of romosozumab as a potential therapy to rapidly reduce fracture risk in ongoing phase 3 studies. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Factors Governing the Activity of Lyophilised and Immobilised Lipase Preparations in Organic Solvents

Active site titration and activity measurements were performed in hexane on lyophilised lipase preparations containing different amounts of phosphate buffer and lipase immobilised on porous polypropylene. Lyophilisation of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase with large quantities of phosphate salts (200 mM) increased the specific activity fourfold, and the number of rapidly titratable active sites increased to 50 % from the 13 % observed when smaller amounts of phosphate buffer were used (20 mM) during lyophilisation. The phosphate buffer worked as an immobilisation matrix for the lipase, and the increase in specific activity was at least partly due to decreased mass transfer limitations. When lipase was immobilised on porous polypropylene, the specific activity was 770 times higher than that of the best freeze‐dried preparation. At optimal enzyme loading, 93 % of the enzyme molecules were titrated at a high rate; this indicates that this adsorption on a hydrophobic surface was a very efficient means of reducing mass transfer limitations and of immobilising the enzyme in its active conformation for use in organic solvents. The variation in specific activity with water activity was found to correlate very well with the variation in titratable active sites when lipases from Burkholderia cepacia and Thermomyces lanuginosus were immobilised on porous polypropylene. The catalytic activity per competent active site was thus constant over the whole range of water activities.
Essays on learning, information, and expectations in macroeconomics and finance

Esta tesis estudia la formacion de expectativas macroeconomicas y financieras y en el rol que tiene la produccion de informacion sobre las fluctuaciones economicas. El primer capitulo desarrolla una teoria de la produccion de informacion que genera una economia con recuperaciones lentas y "booms" economicos que terminan en crisis economicas. En mi teoria, la informacion es producida a traves de dos mecanismos, la cantidad de informacion producida es pro-ciclica y la calidad de la informacion es anti-ciclica. El segundo capitulo presenta evidencia usando datos de prestamos a plazos en EE.UU. para medir la produccion de informacion privada durante el ciclo economico. Finalmente, el tercer capitulo documenta sesgos en terminos de exceso de optimismo y exceso de confianza en las predicciones de crecimiento del PBI real usando la "Survey of Professional Forecasters" en el Estados Unidos.
Extreme Risk In Resource Indices And The Generalized Logistic Distribution

The resource sector accounts for a substantial proportion of market capitalization on the US and South African stock exchanges. Hence, severe movements in related stock prices can drastically affect the risk profile of the entire market. Extreme value theory provides a basis for evaluating and forecasting such sporadic occurrences. In this article, we compare performances of classical extreme value models against the recently suggested generalized logistic distribution, for estimating value-at-risk and expected shortfall in resource indices. Our results suggest a significant difference in risk behavior between the two markets and the generalized logistic distribution does not always outperform classical models, as previous work may have suggested.
Response of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism to Cinacalcet Depends on Parathyroid Size

Background/Aims: Several reports have indicated that the measurement of parathyroid gland size assists the management of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. This study examined whether parathyroid gland enlargement influenced the response of secondary hyperparathyroidism to cinacalcet. Methods: Clinically stable hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism that was resistant to conventional treatment received cinacalcet for 6 months. Based on the parathyroid gland size measured by ultrasonography, the patients were divided into group S (gland <500 mm3) and group L (gland ≧500 mm3). Serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (intact PTH), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen were measured over time. Results: Twenty-four patients completed the study. In group S, all markers of bone metabolism and intact PTH were significantly decreased after 3 months of cinacalcet treatment. In contrast, there were no significant changes of these parameters, except for intact PTH, after 3 months in group L. After 6 months of cinacalcet treatment, however, all of the markers of bone metabolism were significantly decreased in both groups. Conclusions: The response to cinacalcet differed between groups S and L. Thus, the presence of parathyroid enlargement (nodular hyperplasia) may delay the response of secondary hyperparathyroidism to cinacalcet.
SPECT findings on psychosis in Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE This study examined whether psychosis in Alzheimer's disease is associated with cerebral perfusion patterns appreciable by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans. METHOD All cooperative outpatients enrolled in an Alzheimer's disease research center with the diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease and a Clinical Dementia Rating of mild or moderate were interviewed with their primary caregivers. Current and past psychiatric functioning was assessed by using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, and the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale. Patients without premorbid psychosis received SPECT scans, and the scans of the patients with delusions or hallucinations (N = 30) were compared to the scans of patients without these symptoms (N = 16). RESULTS The patients with delusions (N = 29) had hypoperfusion of the left frontal lobe in relation to the right frontal lobe. The patients with hallucinations (N = 10) had hypoperfusion in the parietal lobe. CONCLUSIONS Psychotic patients with Alzheimer's disease had a pattern of cerebral blood flow deficits significantly different from that of nonpsychotic patients. This suggests that patterns of cerebral dysfunction may be expressed symptomatically as psychosis.