Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of epilepsy in Europe – a systematic review

Population‐based epidemiological studies on epilepsy are available mainly from the UK and the Nordic, Baltic and western Mediterranean countries. No studies were identified from large areas of Europe, especially from the former eastern Europe (except the Baltic countries) and the eastern Mediterranean countries. Based on the prevalence of epilepsy in different studies and accounting for incomplete case identification the estimated number of children and adolescents in Europe with active epilepsy is 0.9 million (prevalence 4.5–5.0 per 1000), 1.9 million in ages 20–64 years (prevalence six per 1000) and 0.6 million in ages 65 years and older (prevalence seven per 1000). Approximately 20–30% of the epilepsy population have more than one seizure per month. Based on the age‐specific incidence rates in European studies, the estimated number of new cases per year amongst European children and adolescents is 130 000 (incidence rate 70 per 100 000), 96 000 in adults 20–64 years (incidence rate 30 per 100 000) and 85 000 in the elderly 65 years and older (incidence 100 per 100 000). The proportion of both new and established cases with epilepsy in the young, adults and elderly in individual countries may differ substantially from total European distribution because of differences in age structure.
Postnatal ontogeny of the cochlea and flight ability in Jamaican fruit bats (Phyllostomidae) with implications for the evolution of echolocation

Recent evidence has shown that the developmental emergence of echolocation calls in young bats follow an independent developmental pathway from other vocalizations and that adult‐like echolocation call structure significantly precedes flight ability. These data in combination with new insights into the echolocation ability of some shrews suggest that the evolution of echolocation in bats may involve inheritance of a primitive sonar system that was modified to its current state, rather than the ad hoc evolution of echolocation in the earliest bats. Because the cochlea is crucial in the sensation of echoes returning from sonar pulses, we tracked changes in cochlear morphology during development that included the basilar membrane (BM) and secondary spiral lamina (SSL) along the length of the cochlea in relation to stages of flight ability in young bats. Our data show that the morphological prerequisite for sonar sensitivity of the cochlea significantly precedes the onset of flight in young bats and, in fact, development of this prerequisite is complete before parturition. In addition, there were no discernible changes in cochlear morphology with stages of flight development, demonstrating temporal asymmetry between the development of morphology associated with echo‐pulse return sensitivity and volancy. These data further corroborate and support the hypothesis that adaptations for sonar and echolocation evolved before flight in mammals.
Mentoring Clinical Nurses to Write for Publication: Strategies for Success

&NA;Clinical nurses often find writing a challenge, but it's important to disseminate clinical practice initiatives that result in notable patient outcomes. Nurses have a responsibility to share what they do to improve patient care. The increased emphasis on the development and evaluation of evidence-based practice has made it necessary for nurses to share best practices that are associated with improved patient outcomes. We developed a six-month Writing for Publication workshop series designed to teach clinical nurses about the writing process and mentor them through the stages of preparing a manuscript to submit for publication. This successful program helped novice nurse authors become published professionals and had a great impact on our organization.
Long‐term Survival After First‐Ever Stroke: The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project

Background and Purpose There have been relatively few community-based studies of long-term prognosis after acute stroke. This study aimed to provide precise estimates of the absolute and relative risks of dying in an unselected cohort of patients with a first-ever stroke. Methods Six hundred seventy-five patients were registered by a community-based stroke register (the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project) and prospectively followed up for up to 6.5 years. Their relative risk of death was calculated using age- and sex-specific mortality rates for Oxfordshire. Results During the first 30 days, 129 (19%) patients died. Patients who survived at least 30 days after a first-ever stroke thereafter had an average annual risk of death of 9.1%, 2.3 -fold the risk in people from the general population. Although the absolute (about 15%) and relative (about threefold) risks of death were highest in these 30-day survivors over the first year after the stroke, they were at increased risk of dying over the next few years (range of relative risk for individual years, 1.1-2.9). Predictably, older patients had a worse absolute survival but, relative to the general population, stroke also increased the relative risk of dying in younger patients. During the first 30 days stroke accounts for most deaths; after this time nonstroke cardiovascular disease becomes increasingly important and is the most common cause of death after the first year. Conclusions These data highlight the importance of long-term secondary prevention of vascular events in stroke patients, targeted as much at the cardiovascular as at the cerebrovascular circulation.
The objective structured interview for medical student selection

An objective structured interview is an integral part of the process of selecting and admitting applicants to study medicine at this university. During the nine years (to the end of 1986) that the interview has been used 1600 candidates were interviewed out of roughly 13 000 applicants, and from these, 584 students were admitted to the course. Analysis of the interview data was carried out based on two aspects of student progress: graduation with honours and failure to complete the course of study. The interview as a whole, and especially some of the subscales, appears to identify students who may fail to complete the course: it may also help to predict which students are likely to graduate with honours.
Analyzing Visual Signals as Visual Scenes

The study of visual signal design is gaining momentum as techniques for studying signals become more sophisticated and more freely available. In this paper we discuss methods for analyzing the color and form of visual signals, for integrating signal components into visual scenes, and for producing visual signal stimuli for use in psychophysical experiments. Our recommended methods aim to be rigorous, detailed, quantitative, objective, and where possible based on the perceptual representation of the intended signal receiver(s). As methods for analyzing signal color and luminance have been outlined in previous publications we focus on analyzing form information by discussing how statistical shape analysis (SSA) methods can be used to analyze signal shape, and spatial filtering to analyze repetitive patterns. We also suggest the use of vector‐based approaches for integrating multiple signal components. In our opinion elliptical Fourier analysis (EFA) is the most promising technique for shape quantification but we await the results of empirical comparison of techniques and the development of new shape analysis methods based on the cognitive and perceptual representations of receivers. Our manuscript should serve as an introductory guide to those interested in measuring visual signals, and while our examples focus on primate signals, the methods are applicable to quantifying visual signals in most taxa. Am. J. Primatol. 75:664–682, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pajak, Mekanisme Bonus dan Transfer Pricing

AbstractThe practice of transfer pricing is mostly carried out by multinational companies that want high profits through tax avoidance. in addition, bonus giving is also one of the motivations for obtaining high profits. This study aims to examine the effect of tax and bonus mechanisms on the company's decision to conduct transfer pricing. The research population used in this study were manufacturing companies listed on the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) period 2013 - 2017 which amounted to 142 companies and research samples totaling 23 companies using purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used in this study used logistic regression analysis. The results of the research partially indicate that tax has a significant effect on transfer pricing and the bonus mechanism has a significant effect on transfer pricing. The impact of transfer pricing has the potential to harm state revenues in the taxation sector, because companies will divert their taxable profits to countries that have lower tax rates. AbstrakPraktik transfer pricing mayoritas dilakukan oleh perusahaan multinasional yang menginginkan laba tinggi melalui penghindaran pajak. selain itu, pemberian bonus juga merupakan salah satu motivasi untuk mendapatkan laba yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh pajak dan mekanisme bonus terhadap keputusan perusahaan untuk melakukan transfer pricing. Populasi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI (Bursa Efek Indonesia) periode 2013 – 2017 yang berjumlah 142 perusahaan dan sampel penelitiam yang berjumlah 23 perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil dari penelitian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa pajak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap transfer pricing dan mekanisme bonus berpengaruh signifikan terhadap transfer pricing. Dampak transfer pricing berpotensi merugikan pendapatan negara pada sektor perpajakan, dikarenakan perusahaan akan mengalihkan laba kena pajaknya pada negara yang memiliki tarif pajak yang lebih rendahKata Kunci. pajak; mekanisme bonus; praktik transfer pricing
Self-triggered control for constrained systems: A contractive set-based approach

In this paper, a self-triggered control scheme for constrained discrete-time control systems is presented. The key idea of our approach is to construct a transition system or a graph structure from a collection of polyhedral sets, which are generated based on the notion of set-invariance theory. The inter-event time steps are then determined through a standard graph search algorithm to obtain the minimal total cost to a terminal state. The proposed strategy is illustrated through a numerical example.
Targeting HER 2 and angiogenesis in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Surgery combined with multimodal therapy remains the only curative therapy. However, local relapse or distant metastases occur in more than 50% of radically resected patients. Due to molecular therapies, targeting HER2 and angiogenesis, major advances in the treatment of gastric cancer could be achieved. Nevertheless, development of resistance to monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab, is arising. Currently a number of promising new therapeutic are under investigation, combining chemotherapy with newly developed agents to overcome cancer resistance. In this review we report current clinical applications of targeted therapies and overview ongoing trials, investigating the use of monoclonal antibodies in (HER2 positive) gastric cancer.
Social Enterprises and the Poor: Enhancing Social Entrepreneurship and Stakeholder Theory

20 PART I -RESEARCH FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 1 – BACKGROUND AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 22 1.1. A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Poverty and Poverty Reduction . 23 1.2. Social Entrepreneurship . 25 1.3. Stakeholder Theory . 35 1.4. Business and Society: Exploring the Role of Business in Poverty Reduction . 42 CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY . 45 2.1. Theory Building on Social Enterprises Engaging the Poor as Stakeholders . 45 2.2. Definition of the Research Question . 48 2.3. Overall Methodology . 48 2.4. Research Setting . 49 2.5. Defining SEPPS as Target Population . 51 2.6. Rapid Appraisal of Significant Segments of SEPPS in the Philippines . 53 2.7. Choosing the Theoretical Sample . 55 2.8. Use of Panel of Experts . 56 2.9. Theoretical Sample Defined . 57 2.10. Methods of Data Collection and Analysis . 60 2.11. Mintzberg’s Theory of Strategy Formation as Major Analytical Tool . 62 2.12. Research Scope, Limitations and Ethical Considerations . 63 2.13. Presentation of Research Results . 65 PART II -EMPIRICAL CASES CHAPTER 3 – ALTER TRADE GROUP: ENABLING SUPPLIERS AS TRANSACTIONAL AND TRANSFORMATIONAL PARTNERS . 68 3.
Pengaruh Self Assesment System Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak

The purpose of this study is to know the implementation of self assessment system of private person, to know Personal Taxpayer Compliance in one of KPP in Bandung and to know how much influence Self assessment system to Personal Taxpayer Compliance. The method used in research on one KPP Pratama in Bandung is descriptive analysis method where the technique used in collecting data is done through interviews, questionnaires and library research, Sampling technique with nonprobability sampling is a saturated sample, where all members of the population are sampled and techniques data analysis is done through descriptive analysis and verification analysis. Based on the results obtained the self assessment system is in the category good enough and for Personal Taxpayer Compliance is in the category quite well. Self assessment system has an effect on Personal Taxpayer Compliance of 46,0%, while the rest 54,0% influenced by other factors not examined in this research like condition of tax administration system, service at taxpayer, enforcement of tax law, tariff taxes and so forth. Thus it can be concluded that the influence of self assessment system on taxpayer compliance of individuals on one KPP Pratama in Bandung. Keywords: self assessment system, personal taxpayer compliance.
Amphetamine administered to the ventral tegmental area sensitizes rats to the locomotor effects of nucleus accumbens amphetamine.

This experiment investigated whether pre-exposure to injections of amphetamine into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) sensitizes the locomotor response to a subsequent test injection of amphetamine given into the nucleus accumbens (N.Acc.). Different groups of rats received three intra-VTA injections of amphetamine (2.5 micrograms/0.5 microliters/side) or saline (0.5 microliters/side), one injection given every 3rd day, and locomotor activity was measured for 60 min. Seven to 10 days later, all animals were tested with an intra-N.Acc. challenge injection of amphetamine (0, 1.5, 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter/side) and locomotor activity was again measured. In agreement with previous reports, intra-VTA amphetamine produced no behavioral effects acutely. However, when animals were subsequently challenged with an injection of amphetamine into the N.Acc. , animals pre-exposed to intra-VTA amphetamine showed significantly and dose-dependently greater levels of locomotor activity than saline pre-exposed rats. Animals pre-exposed to amphetamine in sites outside the VTA did not show sensitized responding when subsequently tested with intra-N.Acc. amphetamine. These findings support the view that the induction of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine results from an action of this drug in the cell body region of mesolimbic dopamine neurons (VTA), whereas its expression reflects an enhanced reactivity in the terminals of these neurons in the N.Acc. Implications of such findings for the molecular neurobiological basis of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine are discussed.
Intercellular communication in cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Fluorescein transfer between H‐2d target cells and H‐2b lymphocytes in vitro

Fluorescein permeable junctions occur infrequently between unsensitized C57BL/6 lymphocytes (H‐2b) and DBA/2 mastocytoma cells (H‐2d), but the incidence of such junctions increases significantly with lymphocytes from animals sensitized against the mastocytes. The mastocytoma cells were labeled intracellularly with fluorescein using permeant (non‐fluorescent) fluorescein dipropionate which is hydrolyzed to free fluorescein within the cells; they were additionally stained with neutral red.
THE USE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AS THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM) OF MOBILE BANKING

Information Technology services in banking business which is very dynamic and advanced makes the bankers must adjust to the presence of this technology. In this paper, the authors will explain the role of Mobile banking technology which is provided by CIMB Niaga in servicing its customers for banking transactions. The methodology used in this paper is quantitative with the purposive sampling one. Instrument used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as developed by Parasuraman and Davis by modifying them to fit the state of the research object. This research was conducted in Jakarta and several other places. Research and data collection took 6 months from November 2015 to April 2016. The variables included trust, perceived use (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), attitude toward use (ATU), Intent to use (ITU), and actual use (AU). After the data were collected, the regression analysis was performed. From the analysis result it was found that trust and perceived use (PU) variables did not positively and significantly influence the intent to use (ITU) variable, as well as the perceived use variables (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) which have no significant and positive effect on attitude variable on usage (ATU). For that case, the authors propose an improvement strategy to maintain and grow this business forward.
Life-cycle of internet trolls

Jussinoja, Terho Life-cycle of Internet Trolls Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2018, 107 p. Information Systems, Master’s Thesis This paper is a master’s thesis about internet trolls and trolling with the main goal of finding what is the life-cycle of internet trolls. In other words, how a person becomes a troll, how their trolling evolves, and how does trolling stop. Trolling definitions are also examined to see whether they are adequate. This thesis also covers the current state of research done on trolling, with the emphasis on literature that is relevant to the life-cycle of a troll. The literature will also be evaluated against the results from this study. Past research on trolling is quite scarce when comparing to the multiple topics it holds, suggesting that the scientific understanding of internet trolls is still less than ideal. Most of the previous studies have not been able to utilize trolls’ views, whereas this study only uses commentary from trolls. This study was conducted using a qualitative research method, thematic analysis, and used three different methods for data collection. Trolling has become more commonplace in recent years and it has been claimed to be a formidable problem for civil discourse on the internet and therefore deserves better insight on the matter. Media accounts, literature, and public opinions rarely match when it comes to trolling. This shows that there is plenty of confusion and misunderstandings on the topic. By discovering the reasons why an individual decides to troll, and how they decide to stop, there can be better technological solutions developed that might discourage people to start trolling or encourage them to stop.
Glucose and Glucoregulatory Modulation of Memory Scanning, Event-Related Potentials and EEG in Elderly Subjects

Endogenous P300b event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral performance measures, extracted during a visual memory scanning task, and spectral indices of resting electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, were assessed in 12 healthy elderly adults before and after double-blind oral administration of a placebo or glucose (50 mg) beverage. Glucoregulation was estimated by deriving a recovery index to categorize subjects as having better (BR) or poorer (PR) blood glucose recovery. Although glucoregulatory status did not impact on EEG or task performance, PR subjects exhibited reduced P300b areas relative to BR subjects prior to beverage administration. Glucose did not alter P300b or memory scanning performance but, regardless of glucoregulatory status, it increased the EEG power in the slow alpha frequency band. The study results suggest that peripheral glucoregulation can influence neuroelectric measures of cognition and that the acute ingestion of glucose can modulate central arousal processes.
Reply to: Efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in moderate acute hypercapnic respiratory failure

We thank Dr. Esquinas and Reazaul for their interest in our study and their thoughtful commentaries about some aspects of the methodology and the generalizability of the results. The protocol of the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was extracted from published studies on hypoxemic failure. (1) High-flow nasal cannula was used continuously, without interruptions, including nighttime until gas exchange and respiratory distress were reversed. Parameters of HFNC were adjusted depending on oxygen saturation (fraction of inspired oxygen) and respiratory rate (flow), as other more specific surrogates of breathing effort (esophageal pressure-time product) were not measured. (2) Regarding the types of patients with hypercapnia, they are described as a mixed population of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure and sleep-related or obesity hypoventilation. A large proportion (20 out of 30) became hypercapnic after being ventilated and extubated for reasons not related to their comorbid condition. Therefore they are not exclusively hypercapnic failure due to acute on chronic decompensation of COPD patients. This is why we do not restrict our conclusions to a specific patient population or disease, but to deranged physiology leading to hypercapnia. You can get the data about time to control hypercapnia and clinical improvement from our results (Table 1 Clinical and gas exchange parameters, p. 159). What we can not draw any conclusion is about the successful management of patients with noninvasive mechanical ventilation after HFNC failure, because there was only one patient in this category. (3) As we have stated in the manuscript, the results of our study due to its observational nature and small sample size, have to be considered preliminary and need to be tested in rigorous clinical trials. (4,5) Nonetheless, we think they represent one of the first series of successful use of this therapy in patients with hypercapnia. We only advocate the use of HFNC in patients with moderate hypercapnia that do not tolerate or have contraindications for non-invasive ventilation. So far, this ultimate mode has to remain the standard and first-line ventilatory treatment for hypercapnic respiratory failure. (6) Maria Eugenia Yuste1, Olga Moreno1, Susana Narbona1, Fernando Acosta1, Luis Peñas1, Manuel Colmenero1,2
Generic Quasi-Convergence for Essentially Strongly Order-Preserving Semiflows

Abstract By employing the limit set dichotomy for essentially strongly order-preserving semiflows and the assumption that limit sets have infima and suprema in the state space, we prove a generic quasi-convergence principle implying the existence of an open and dense set of stable quasi-convergent points. We also apply this generic quasi-convergence principle to a model for biochemical feedback in protein synthesis and obtain some results about the model which are of theoretical and realistic significance.