Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Mother-Daughter Communication for Reproductive Health Knowledge Transfer in Southern Nigeria

Many reproductive health studies have examined trends and outcomes of adolescent sexual behaviour but have overlooked the patterns of reproductive communication between mothers and daughters that have implications on girls’ reproductive wellbeing. Although there is a need to safeguard adolescent health, not enough work exists at the interface between female reproductive change and communication. The patterns of communication determine the effectiveness of reproductive knowledge transfer to safeguard girls’ reproductive health at a time of social change. Despite widespread opinion about the taboo nature of sexual and reproductive communication in traditional African settings, its prevalence among mothers and daughters in Ugep, Nigeria, was found to be quite high. The context, form, direction and level of communication reveal that the females engage in reproductive communication in a private environment and through peaceful and friendly strategies. Communication is achieved through sharing of meaning and mutual understanding, which has implications for adolescent female reproductive health.
Modeling Microseism Generation by Inhomogeneous Ocean Surface Waves in Hurricane Bonnie Using the Non-Linear Wave Equation

It has been shown that hurricanes generate seismic noise, called microseisms, through the creation and non-linear interaction of ocean surface waves. Here we model microseisms generated by the spatially inhomogeneous waves of a hurricane using the non-linear wave equation where a second-order acoustic field is created by first-order ocean surface wave motion. We treat range-dependent waveguide environments to account for microseisms that propagate from the deep ocean to a receiver on land. We compare estimates based on the ocean surface wave field measured in hurricane Bonnie in 1998 with seismic measurements made roughly 1000 km away in Florida.
Potential distribution range of invasive plant species in Spain

Success of invasive species has been frequently estimated as the present distribution range size in the introduced region. However, the present distribution range is only a picture of the invasion for a given time step and do not inform on the potential distribution range of the species. Based on niche-based models we used climatic, geographic and landscape information on the present distribution range for 78 major plant invaders in Spain to estimate and map their potential distribution range. We found a positive relationship between present and potential distribution of species. Most of the species have not yet occupied half of their potential distribution range. Sorghum halepense and Amaranthus retroflexus have the widest potential distribution range. Sorghum halepense and Robinia pseudoacacia have the highest relative occupancy (i.e. proportion of potential distribution range currently occupied). Species with a larger minimum residence time have, on average, higher relative occupancy. Our study warns managers that it might be only a matter of time that currently localized invasive species reach their potential area of distribution.
Cognitive Processes Underlying Context Effects in Attitude Measurement

We begin this article with the assumption that attitudes are best understood as structures in longterm memory, and we look at the implications of this view for the response process in attitude surveys. More specifically, we assert that an answer to an attitude question is the product of a fourstage process. Respondents first interpret the attitude question, determining what attitude the question is about. They then retrieve relevant beliefs and feelings. Next, they apply these beliefs and feelings in rendering the appropriate judgment. Finally, they use this judgment to select a response. All four of the component processes can be affected by prior items. The prior items can provide a framework for interpreting later questions and can also make some responses appear to be redundant with earlier answers. The prior items can prime some beliefs, making them more accessible to the retrieval process. The prior items can suggest a norm or standard of comparison for making the judgment. Finally, the prior items can create consistency pressures or pressures to appear moderate. Because of the multiple processes involved, context effects are difficult to predict and sometimes difficult to replicate. We attempt to sort out when context is likely to affect later responses and include a list of the variables that affect the size and direction of the effects of context.
AS A BARRIER TO EMBEDDEDNESS AMONG ENGINEERING STUDENTS : DOES GENDER MATTER ?

INCIVILITY AS A BARRIER TO EMBEDDEDNESS AMONG ENGINEERING STUDENTS: DOES GENDER MATTER? Katelyn R. Reynoldson Old Dominion University, 2018 Director: Dr. Debra A. Major To meet the current demand for engineers, research has focused on how to attract and retain qualified candidates in the field, especially those that are underrepresented (e.g., women; NSB, 2016). The present study investigates incivility and embeddedness, which have been found to be antecedents of retention in both the workplace (Cortina, Magley, Williams, & Langhout, 2001; Mitchell, Holtom, Lee, Sablynski, & Erez, 2001) and the collegiate setting (Caza & Cortina, 2007; Major et al., 2015). To extend previous research, both constructs were examined simultaneously among undergraduate engineering students. Undergraduate, first-year engineers completed an online survey indicating the extent to which they experienced incivility in engineering, the primary source of the uncivil treatment, and their level of embeddedness in engineering. A comparison of means and three hierarchical moderated regressions were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Results indicated that men and women experienced similar levels of incivility in engineering. In addition, incivility significantly predicted two of the three dimensions of embeddedness: fit and links. Gender moderated the relationship between incivility and engineering fit such that men who experienced incivility experienced lower engineering fit while incivility did not influence engineering fit for women. Gender did not moderate the relationship between incivility and engineering links or sacrifice. Future research should examine persistence in relation to these variables to determine if embeddedness mediates the relationship between incivility and persistence in one's engineering major.
Niche breadth, rarity and ecological characteristics within a regional flora spanning large environmental gradients

Aim Species specialization, which plays a fundamental role in niche differentiation and species coexistence, is a key biological trait in relation to the responses of populations to changing environments. Species with a limited niche breadth are considered to experience a higher risk of extinction than generalist species. This work aims to measure the degree of specialization in the regional flora of the French Alps and test whether species specialization is related to species rarity and ecological characteristics.
Cellular Mechanisms of the Adverse Respiratory Health Effects Induced By Ambient Particulate Matter: A Review and Perspective

Environmental particulate matter (PM) pollution causes adverse respiratory health effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to high levels of PM, either acutely or chronically, is associated with increased loss of lung function, exacerbation, hospitalization, disease incidence, and/or mortality of certain chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. However, the detailed cellular mechanisms how PM induces the airway injury remain largely unknown. In this short review, we summarize recent advances on the fundamental mechanisms of PM-induced adverse respiratory health effects, with emphases on the damages in airway epithelial cells and the responses from the immune system. We further discuss the inadequacy of current studies and give a perspective on this burgeoning field.
Comparative Proximate and Mineral Composition of Moringa oleifera and Moringa ovalifolia Grown in Central Namibia

The objective of this study was to compare the proximate and mineral compositions of Moringa oleifera and Moringa ovalifolia grown together at Neudamm Experimental Farm in central Namibia. Moringa oleifera is well known for its rich nutritional value and was compared to the nutritional value of M. ovalifolia, a native plant of Namibia and Angola, which is less studied. Namibia being a semi-arid country, many plants in the rangelands are low in nutrients essential for livestock nutrition. This creates the necessity for planting fodder trees like moringa that withstand the harsh climatic conditions and retain their nutritional quality for the production of sustained livestock supplement. Leaves of both Moringa species were harvested with twiglets, shade dried fortnightly and taken to the laboratory where they were ground and passed through 1 mm sieve for proximate and mineral analysis. Statistically, M. oleifera nutrient values were significantly different (P < 0.05) in moisture, ash, crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) from M. ovalifolia, but had no differences in fat, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Also, M. oleifera was significantly different (P < 0.05) from M. ovalifolia in potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), but there were no differences in calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) values. This implies that both Moringa species have similar quantity of Ca, Na, P, Fe and Mn in their leaf tissues. The almost identical nutrient values of the two Moringa species, suggests that M. ovalifolia could serve as an alternative supplement for livestock since there is a known human-livestock competition for M. oleifera, and since M. ovalifolia is native and well adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of Namibia.
No Holdup in Dynamic Markets

In many markets, heterogenous agents make non-contractible investments before bargaining over both who matches with whom and the terms of trade. In static markets, the holdup problem—that is, inefficient investments caused by agents receiving only a fraction of their returns—is ubiquitous. Markets are often dynamic, however, with agents entering over time. Taking a general non-cooperative investment and bargaining approach, we show that the holdup problem vanishes in markets with dynamic entry as agents become patient: While there is substantial wiggle room for bargaining to determine outcomes, every bargaining outcome gives everyone her marginal product.
Research for Democracy: Linking Community Organizing and Research to Leverage Blight Policy

Urban scholarship has focused on the role of power and politics in fostering uneven development, showing that urban patterns are not inevitable but controllable. Yet shifting power from one group to another is easier said than done. How may community organizations acquire leverage that permits them to alter political decision making around space and urban development? This article describes a collaboration in Philadelphia between a citywide faith‐based coalition and a university policy research center. Called “Research for Democracy,” this collaboration combined research and organizing sophistication to successfully reshape citywide policy around neighborhood blight. Research for Democracy became a collaboration where community leaders' experiences were voiced in the collective research experience. This helped to reinforce alternative views on blight and break down the third dimension of power—the ability to shape the conceptions and ideas of the powerless. Armed with research ammunition that mirrored people's shared experiences, organizers strategically worked with other political actors to reshape the policy agenda around blight and break down the second dimension of power—policy agenda setting. As a consequence, Philadelphia's blight policy was broadened to include money for neighborhood stabilization, acquisition, and improvements, not solely demolition as was originally proposed.
Pagurus parvispina , a New Species of Hermit Crab ( Decapoda : Anomura : Paguridae ) from Northern Japan

A new species of hermit crab,Pagurus parvispina, is described and illustrated on the basis of eight specimens collected from southern Hokkaido and Iwate, northeastern Honshu mainland,Japan, at sublittoral depths of 100—200 m. It is a member of the “capillatus,,group, differing from its closest relative P. arcuatus Squires, 1964,from the northeastern Atlantic in having less dilated corneal region of the ocular peduncle and several tuf ts of long setae obscuring the lateral surface of the dactyl of the left third pereopod.
The application of ecological stoichiometry to plant–microbial–soil organic matter transformations

Elemental stoichiometry constitutes an inherent link between biogeochemistry and the structure and processes within food webs, and thus is at the core of ecosystem functioning. Stoichiometry allows for spanning different levels of biological organization, from cellular metabolism to ecosystem structure and nutrient cycling, and is therefore particularly useful for establishing links between different ecosystem compartments. We review elemental carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C:N:P) ratios in terrestrial ecosystems (from vegetation, leaf litter, woody debris, and dead roots, to soil microbes and organic matter). While the stoichiometry of the plant, litter, and soil compartments of ecosystems is well understood, heterotrophic microbial communities, which dominate the soil food web and drive nutrient cycling, have received increasing interest in recent years. This review highlights the effects of resource stoichiometry on soil microorganisms and decomposition, specifically on the structure and function of h.
Effects of snow, snowmelting and refreezing processes on air–sea-ice CO2 flux

Abstract The air–sea-ice CO2 flux was measured in the ice-covered Saroma-ko, a lagoon on the northeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, using a chamber technique. The air–sea-ice CO2 flux ranged from −1.8 to +0.5 mg C m−2 h−1 (where negative values indicate a sink for atmospheric CO2). The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the brine of sea ice was substantially lower than that of the atmosphere, primarily because of the influence of the under-ice plume from the Saromabetsu river located in the southeastern part of the lagoon. This suggests that the brine had the ability to take up atmospheric CO2 into the sea ice. However, the snow deposited over the sea ice and the superimposed ice that formed from snowmelting and refreezing partially blocked CO2 diffusion, acting as an impermeable medium for CO2 transfer. Our results suggest that the air–sea-ice CO2 flux was dependent not only on the difference in pCO2 between the brine and the overlying air, but also on the status of the ice surface. These results provide the necessary evidence for evaluation of the gas exchange processes in ice-covered seas.
Uses of CIDR, FSH and GnRH for Treatment of Anoestrus Syndrome in Dairy Cow

Primiparous cows with low body condition at calving have an extended anovulatory period. The objective of present study was to comparative use of CIDR, FSH and GnRH in treatment of anoestrus syndrome in dairy cow. In this study, 200 anestrus cows with similar body condition score and production state without history of any disease were selected. Animals were divided into the 4 groups of 50 cows in each, randomly. Animals of group 1 received no treatment and their estrous was evaluated during the 30 days. Animals of group 2 were received CIDR for 10 days and 24 hours after CIDR removal were received estradiol at the dose of 1 mg. Animals of group 3 and 4 were received 3000IU FSH and 5ml gonadotropin in the early treatment, respectively. At the end, estrous occurrence and fertility rate were evaluated. Our data showed that the difference between estrous induction and groups CIDR and GnRH was significant (P=0.001). The difference between estrous induction and groups GnRH and FSH was significant (P=0.001). The difference between fertility in the first insemination in groups CIDR and FSH was significant (P=0.028). The difference between fertility in the first insemination in groups CIDR and GnRH was no significant (P=0.076). The difference between fertility in the first insemination in groups GnRH and FSH was no significant (P=0.775). Also, difference between control group and CIDR was significant (P=0.001); difference between control group and FSH was significant (P=0.001) and difference between control group and GnRH was significant (P=0.025). The difference in fertility in the first insemination between groups CIDR and control was no significant (P=0.646). The difference in fertility in the first insemination between groups FSH and control was no significant (P=0.110) and the difference in fertility in the first insemination between groups GnRH and control was no significant (P=0.242).
A new diplopsalid species Oblea acanthocysta sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Oblea acanthocysta of the diplopsalid group is described as a new species from Omura Bay, West Japan. The motile cells are subspherical, have a large sulcal list at the left margin, and are characterized by the plate formula, Po, X, 3� , 1a, 6� , 3ct, 6s? , 5� , 2�� . The species resembles Oblea torta in shape and plate distribution, but is smaller and differs in the shape of plate 1� and position of plate 1a. Resting cysts of O. acanthocysta are spherical and pale brown in color, possess many hollow acuminate spines, and have a theropylic archeopyle. In the SSU rRNA gene se- quences of three cells of O. acanthocysta and two cells of O. torta, no intraspecific base substitutions were detected within either species. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the O. acanthocysta clade is included in the diplopsalids clade together with other diplopsalid species such as O. torta, Diplopsalis lebourae, Diplopsalopsis bomba and Gotoius ex- centricus. The sequences of O. acanthocysta are different from those of O. torta in 154 base pair substitutions, but O. acanthocysta and O. torta have a very close phylogenetic relationship.
Culture Matters: A Test of Rationality on Economic Growth

There are widespread debates as to whether cultural values have a bearing on economic growth. Scholarly articles have actually had conflicting results with proponents arguing there is whiles opponents have thought otherwise. The aim of this paper is to verify the assertions made by these two schools of thought from the perspective of culture as a rationality component using an input-output growth model. We basically employed an approach that sought to define and aggregate cultural values under rationality indices: instrumental, affective, value and traditional rationality from 29 countries with data from world value survey (1981-2009). We systematically had them tested in an endogenous growth model alongside traditional economic variables. We conclude that when these cultural variables are combined with the so-called economic variables, there is an improvement in the model explanation than before. In addition, two of these cultural indices indicated a statistically positive effect on economic growth (instrumental and affective rationality). However, traditional rationality index was also robust but with a negative coefficient. Value rationality showed a somewhat weaker link to economic growth and was statistically insignificant. The policy implications of these findings are also discussed.
ÖRGÜTSEL DESTEK, SOSYAL DESTEK VE LİDER DESTEĞİNİN İŞ PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİNDE LİDER-ÜYE ETKİLEŞİMİNİN ARACILIK ROLÜ

Bu calismanin amaci, orgutlerin calisanlarina orgutsel destek, lider destegi ve sosyal destek verdiginde calisanlarin is performansi duzeylerini ne olcude etkiledigi ve bu etkilesimde lider-uye etkilesiminin aracilik rolunu belirlemektir. Arastirmanin orneklemini, kamu calisanlari arasindan basit tesadufi yontem ile secilen 223 katilimci olusturmustur. Veriler yuz yuze anket yontemiyle elde edilmistir. Arastirmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde Sosyal Bilimler icin istatistik paketi kullanilmistir. (AMOS ve SPSS). Bu cercevede, degiskenler arasindaki iliskilerin belirlenmesinde korelasyon analizi, t-testi, varyans analizi ve regresyon analizi istatistiksel yontemleri kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda; orgutsel destek, lider destegi ve sosyal destegin bagimli degisken olan is performansi ile pozitif yonde anlamli bir iliskiye sahip oldugu gorulmustur.
Growth Agglomeration Effects in Spatially Interdependent Latin American Regions

We investigate the effect of agglomeration on regional growth in Latin America, using panel data and spatial panel data techniques. By exploringthe role of development in the agglomeration-growth relationship, we find evidence of the Williamson's hypothesis: agglomeration growth effects are magnified in less-developed regions. Moreover, we measure the spatial effects of agglomeration. They have a large geographical scope. International connections of Latin American regions are beneficial to obtain positive spatial effects of agglomeration. Nevertheless, spatial effects are stronger within countries. This finding points out the strong border effects in Latin America. Abstract We investigate the effect of agglomeration on regional growth in Latin America, using panel data and spatial panel data techniques. By exploring the role of development in the agglomeration-growth relationship, we find evidence of the Williamson's hypothesis: agglomeration growth effects are magnified in less-developed regions. Moreover, we measure the spatial effects of agglomeration. They have a large geographical scope. International connections of Latin American regions are beneficial to obtain positive spatial effects of agglomeration. Nevertheless, spatial effects are stronger within countries. This finding points out the strong border effects in Latin America.
Spatial variability in the population of Isognomon bicolor (C.B. Adams, 1845) (mollusca, bivalvia) on rocky shores in Espírito Santo, Brazil

This study aimed to compare the density of Isognomon bicolor on four rocky shores of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Further, size and weight comparisons were undertaken for the flat and creviced surfaces. Quarterly samplings were taken in 2006 and 2007, by removing organisms from 10 x 10 cm quadrants in the mid-intertidal zone, with five samples from flat surfaces and five from crevices. Although densities of I. bicolor were considered low as compared with those of other studies, this species is well established in the State. The most well-established population of I. bicolor was found in the rock crevices. The most important factor for the establishment of I. bicolor on rocky shores is substrate heterogeneity.
Updated U.S. Geothermal Supply Characterization

This paper documents the approach taken to characterize and represent an updated assessment of U.S. geothermal supply for use in forecasting the penetration of geothermal electrical generation in the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). This work is motivated by several factors: The supply characterization used as the basis of several recent U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) forecasts of geothermal capacity is outdated; additional geothermal resource assessments have been published; and a new costing tool that incorporates current technology, engineering practices, and associated costs has been released.