Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes on plasmatic electrolytes and behavior of freshwater fish, Luciobarbus bocagei, as a function of acute copper exposure

Copper is continuously increasing in water and its toxic effects on aquatic organisms arise, among others, from biochemical interactions. In Northeastern Portugal, different watercourses are suffering negative impacts, namely in the Portelo stream, affected by collapse and continuous input of mining deposits, including Cu content. Therefore, the impact of sub-lethal Cu concentrations on fish Na+, K+ and Ca2+ plasma concentrations was evaluated to assess osmoregulatory adverse effects. Also, the same evaluations were conducted after fish were changed to clean water, to assess fish ability to revert electrolytes levels. Acute toxicity tests were conducted, using barbels (Luciobarbus bocagei) under two different copper concentrations. Fish behavior and Condition Factor (K) were also evaluated. Barbels under Cu exposition showed several changes at physiological and behavioral levels, such as ion imbalance, lowere aerobic scope and mortality and reduced K. According to our results, plasma K+ and Ca2+ levels may increase, while Na+ levels may decrease in fish exposed to Cu, allowing fish to an osmotic adjustment and reduced susceptibility to Cu, in an attempt to survive under environmental stress. Under the conditions of these experiments, fish also showed a capacity to reverse levels of electrolytes, when they cease to be exposed to Cu; however, that depends upon exposure concentration.
Nonmetallic transport of a quasi-one-dimensional metallic Si ( 557 ) -Au surface

The sheet conductivity of a Au-covered Sis557d facet surface was measured by microscopic four-point probemethods using an independently driven four-tip scanning tunneling microscope and temperature-variablemonolithic probes. This surface is composed of a periodic array of Au chains and known to have a quasi-one-dimensional metallic band structure. Its surface conductivities parallel to the Au chains ss
Numerical Investigation of Free Surface Flows

The Star-CCM+ simulation software has been used to model a number of benchmark free surface flow cases, including the two dimensional submerged NACA 0012 foil, the surface piercing NACA 0024 foil, and the well investigated KCS vessel. The findings from the foil benchmark cases have permitted substantial improvement in the accuracy and convergence of the results for the KCS vessel when compared to preliminary studies undertaken as part of the master's project. It has been observed that a minimum set of temporal and spatial resolutions are required to yield an acceptable numerical solution, and guidelines to ensure that these requirements are met have been formulated, including modification of the default Star-CCM+ solver parameters for supposedly steady state free surface flows. Time step independent solutions for all of the cases investigated have been found, however the mesh resolution requirements to obtain this independence vary significantly, and some practical limitations regarding mesh size in the ship case precludes taking the most demanding requirements found and using them as a general recommendation. Some additional work, focusing on investigation of additional ship cases, has been proposed with the objective of clarifying guidelines for creating a time step independent mesh for ship flow problems. In general, a modelling approach has been identified using the Star-CCM+ software which yields a satisfactory result for a ship resistance prediction and a good starting point for further investigation of the nominal wake scaling problem.
Large contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic sources to fine organic aerosols in Tianjin, North China

Abstract. In order to better understand the molecular composition and sources of organic aerosols in Tianjin, a coastal megacity in North China, ambient fine aerosol (PM2.5) samples were collected on a day/night basis from November to December 2016 and from May to June 2017. The organic molecular composition of PM2.5 components, including aliphatic lipids (n-alkanes, fatty acids, and fatty alcohols), sugar compounds, and photooxidation products from isoprene, monoterpene, β-caryophyllene, naphthalene, and toluene, was analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and saccharides were identified as the most abundant organic compound classes among all of the tracers detected in this study during both seasons. High concentrations of most organics at night in winter may be attributed to intensive residential activities such as house heating as well as the low nocturnal boundary layer height. Based on tracer methods, the contributions of the sum of primary and secondary organic carbon (POC and SOC respectively) to aerosol organic carbon (OC) were 24.8 % (daytime) and 27.6 % (night-time) in winter and 38.9 % (daytime) and 32.5 % (night-time) in summer. In detail, POC derived from fungal spores, plant debris, and biomass burning accounted for 2.78 %–31.6 % (12.4 %; please note that values displayed in parentheses in the following are average values) of OC during the daytime and 4.72 %–45.9 % (16.3 %) at night in winter, and 1.28 %–9.89 % (5.24 %) during the daytime and 2.08 %–47.2 % (10.6 %) at night in summer. Biomass-burning-derived OC was the predominant source of POC in this study, especially at night (16.0±6.88 % in winter and 9.62±8.73 % in summer). Biogenic SOC from isoprene, α-∕β-pinene, and β-caryophyllene exhibited obvious seasonal and diurnal patterns, contributing 2.23±1.27 % (2.30±1.35 % during the daytime and 2.18±1.19 % at night) and 8.60±4.02 % (8.98±3.67 % and 8.21±4.39 %) to OC in winter and summer respectively. Isoprene and α-∕β-pinene SOC were obviously elevated in summer, especially during the daytime, mainly due to strong photooxidation. Anthropogenic SOC from toluene and naphthalene oxidation showed higher contributions to OC in summer (21.0±18.5 %) than in winter (9.58±3.68 %). In summer, toluene SOC was the dominant contributor to aerosol OC, and biomass burning OC also accounted for a high contribution to OC, especially at night-time; this indicates that land/sea breezes also play an important role in the aerosol chemistry of the coastal city of Tianjin in North China.
Genetic characterization of the rice sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA in North Vietnam by rep-PCR and sequence analysis.

Representative isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA associated with rice sheath blight obtained from North Vietnam were characterized using rep-PCR fingerprinting and ITS-5.8S rDNA sequencing. For rep-PCR assays primers ERIC2 and BOXA1R were used. Sequences of these isolates were aligned with other known R. solani sequences from the GenBank. Rep-PCR analysis revealed that two genotypes (Rep-Vet1 and Rep-Vet2) were present based on the fingerprinting dendrograms having the similarity coefficient score at 75% differentiation. The two clonal populations were scattered and had different geographical localizations in North Vietnam.
Bolometric light curves and explosion parameters of 38 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae

Literature data are collated for 38 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SE SNe; i.e. SNe IIb, Ib, Ic and Ic-BL) that have good light curve coverage in more than one optical band. Using bolometric corrections derived in previous work, the bolometric light curve of each SN is recovered and template bolometric light curves provided. Peak light distributions and decay rates are investigated; SNe subtypes are not cleanly distinguished in this parameter space, although some grouping of types does occur and there is a suggestion of a Phillips-like relation for most SNe Ic-BL. The bolometric light curves are modelled with a simple analytical prescription and compared to results from more detailed modelling. Distributions of the explosion parameters shows the extreme nature of SNe Ic-BL in terms of their 56Ni mass and the kinetic energy, however ejected masses are similar to other subtypes. SNe Ib and Ic have very similar distributions of explosion parameters, indicating a similarity in progenitors. SNe~IIb are the most homogeneous subtype and have the lowest average values for 56Ni mass, ejected mass, and kinetic energy. Ejecta masses for each subtype and SE SNe as a whole are inconsistent with those expected from very massive stars. The majority of the ejecta mass distribution is well described by more moderately massive progenitors in binaries, indicating these are the dominant progenitor channel for SE SNe.
Correlation of Prolactin and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Infertile Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

Introduction: Thyroid and prolactin hormone levels are associated with fertility disorders among women. This study aims to find out the correlation between hyperprolactinemia and its correlates with hypothyroidism in female infertility. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 200 women who were experiencing from the condition of infertility and was referred to the department of biochemistry at Dr. Essa’s laboratory institute at Karachi, Pakistan. The patients were enrolled for a period of 5 years, which is from 2011 to 2015. The inclusion criteria was cases with a diagnosis of primary infertility with over one year duration of marriage. Legitimate written informed consent was performed on patient recruitment. Moreover the collected data was interpreted by using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The total of 200 recruited cases gathered in the study to evaluate the fertility status. Comparing the TSH value with the fertility status of the women the TSH hormone levels were abnormal in 36(100) of our patients who were infertile with none of the abnormal TSH hormone levels found in fertile women with a p-value of <0.001. The prolactin hormone levels similarly showed 79(89) of the patients having abnormal prolactin hormone level who were infertile while 103(86) patients have normal prolactin hormone levels and they were fertile with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: There were a higher percentage of patients with abnormal prolactin levels who were infertile compared to abnormal thyroid levels. In conclusion estimation of prolactin and TSH levels might be considered essential in assessment of patient with fertility disorders.
Impact of Training and Development on Employees Performance in Bosnia And Herzegovina

Companies today are forced to compete and to act professionally in those harsh times, so it is very important to have right employees for better company`s rating. It is crucial that staff needs to have better knowledge, skills and competencies. More and more companies are acknowledging Human Resources (training and development) as their main key for success and bigger focus is on employee – customer relation. Main objective of this study was to find out impact of training and development on employee‘s performance and Bosnia and Herzegovina was taken as an example. This study was back grounded by the two different questionnaires one for the employees and one for the managers or owners of the companies. Results revealed that there is a huge impact on employees performance when it comes to the training programs and employees are fully aware that training programs give them better knowledge, improved skills and ideas for future career paths. Keywords: training, development, human resource management
Net Community Production and Carbon Exchange From Winter to Summer in the Atlantic Water Inflow to the Arctic Ocean

The eastern Fram Strait and area north of Svalbard, are influenced by the inflow of warm Atlantic water, which is high in nutrients and CO2, influencing the carbon flux into the Arctic Ocean. However, these estimates are mainly based on summer data and there are still doubt on the size of the net ocean Arctic CO2 sink. We use data on carbonate chemistry and nutrients from three cruises in 2014 in the CarbonBridge project (January, May, and August) and one in Fram Strait (August). We describe the seasonal variability and the major drivers explaining the inorganic carbon change (CDIC) in the upper 50 m, such as photosynthesis (CBIO), and air-sea CO2 exchange (CEXCH). Remotely sensed data describes the evolution of the bloom and net community production. The focus area encompasses the meltwater-influenced domain (MWD) along the ice edge, the Atlantic water inflow (AWD) and the West Spitsbergen shelf (SD). The CBIO was 2.2 mol C m-2 in the MWD derived from the nitrate consumption between January and May. Between January and August, the CBIO was 3.0 mol C m-2 in the AWD, thus CBIO between May and August was 0.8 mol C m-2. The ocean in our study area mainly acted as a CO2 sink throughout the period. The mean CO2 sink varied between 0.1 and 2.1 mol C m-2 in the AWD in August. By the end of August, the AWD acted as a CO2 source of 0.7 mol C m-2, attributed to vertical mixing of CO2- rich waters and contribution from respiratory CO2 as net community production declined. The oceanic CO2 uptake (CEXCH) from the atmosphere had an impact on CDIC between 5 to 36%, which is of similar magnitude as the impact of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3, CCALC) dissolution of 6% to 18%. CCALC was attributed to be caused by a combination of the sea-ice ikaite dissolution and dissolution of advected CaCO3 shells from the south. Indications of denitrification were observed, associated with sea-ice meltwater and bottom shelf processes. CBIO played a major role (48 to 89%) for the impact on CDIC.
HILBERT C -BIMODULES AND COUNTABLY GENERATED CUNTZ-KRIEGER ALGEBRAS

Communicated by S Str˘atil˘a Abstract. Results by Cuntz and Kreiger on uniqueness, simplicity and the ideal structure of the algebras OA associated with finite matrices with entries in {0,1} are generalized to the case where A is an infinite matrix whose rows and columns are eventually zero, but not identically zero. Similar results have been recently obtained by Kumjian, Pask, Raeburn and Renault from the viewpoint of Renault's theory of groupoids. An alternative approach, based on the realization of OA as an algebra generated by a Hilbert C - bimodule introduced by Pimsner, is proposed and compared.
Foraging Fish as Zoogeomorphic Agents: An Assessment of Fish Impacts at Patch, Barform, and Reach Scales

Flume studies have demonstrated that foraging by fish can modify the structure and topography of gravel substrates, thereby increasing particle entrainment probabilities and the amount of sediment mobilized during subsequent experimental high flows. However, the zoogeomorphic impact of benthic foraging has not previously been investigated in the field. This paper reports field experiments that examined the nature and extent of disturbance of riverbed gravels by foraging fish, predominately Cyprinids, at patch, riffle, and reach scales and complementary ex situ experiments of the impacts on bed stability. At patch scale, benthic feeding fish displaced particle sizes ≤90 mm in diameter, increased bed surface microtopography and grain protrusion, and loosened surface structures. Although enhanced mobility was expected from these structural changes, foraging also caused localized coarsening of sediments, and the ex situ experiments recorded significantly reduced grain entrainment, bedload flux, and total transported mass from foraged patches. Foraging disturbed bed materials at all 12 riffles in the study reach and, on average, disturbed 26.1% of riffle area per 24 h feeding period. These findings demonstrate for the first time that foraging fish, which are widespread and feed perennially, can act as zoogeomorphic agents in rivers, affecting grain‐size distributions and bed material structure, with potential implications for bed stability and bedload transport at reach and river scales. Whether fish increase or reduce bed mobility is probably dependent on a host of factors, including the net effects of both structural disturbance and biogenic particle sorting, as these affect entrainment stresses under subsequent competent flows.
Precambrian geological history of the Dnipro Rapids

This article provides a concise description of chronological sequence of Rapids in the Dnipro within the area between the cities Dnipro and Zaporizhia, their role in the maritime transport of the Dnipro, and the relationship between humans and the river during a number of historical epochs; it presents the role of the Dnipro Rapids, also known as the Porohy of the Dnipro, as unique natural formations in the great River Dnipro, which flows through three countries and cuts through the Ukraininan Crystalline Shield. The article analyzes the sequence of measures taken by the supporters of conservation of nature along the Dnipro Rapids area, representatives of nature-conservation organizations and all people interested in Dnipro Rapids and conservation of its unique natural heritage - beginning with founding “Dniprovski Porohy” National Geological Reserve in Zaporizhia Oblast in 1974 to organizing “Dniprovi Porohy” Regional Landscape Park on the territory between Stari Kodaky village and the border of Zaporizhia Oblast. This paper highlights the diversity of geological processes which have taken place over a long and dynamic geological history, described in the stone chronicle or rocks and minerals, and which formed the Dnipro Rapids, an object of interest of many generations to come. This article emphasizes the fact that the geological component of a valuable natural phenomenon was described for the first time only in the results of particular studies by Valerian Domger, who conducted his research for the building of Katerynynska Railway upon instructions from the Geological Committee from 1881 to 1884. The pegmatite, diabase, granite, syenite with peculiarities of their mineral composition, elements of bedding, described by V Domger for the Nenasytetsky and Lohanivsky and other Rapids and islands, were not the only phenomena which have disappeared beneath the Dnipro waters forever. The small quarries, where the young geologist described the Sarmatian limestones, left no signs of their existence and not a single outcrop of the limestone survived. Therefore, the routes of V O Domger, the discoverer of the Nikopol manganese deposits, Tomakivska fauna of the Mediterranean type and Mandrykivska fauna, one of the best preserved in the world, are of great historical value. Likewise, his field studies have still not lost their scientific significance. This paper succinctly describes the geological history of the area of the Dnipro Rapids and the oldest crystalline rocks of the Aul series and non-stratified formations of the Dnipropetrovsk and other natural complexes, involved in the formation of certain rapids.
Prescribed burning Prescribed burning in southwestern Australian forests

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology. org F management in biodiverse and densely populated southern Australia is a highly contested issue, sharing many features with scientific and public debates in other fire-prone regions of the world (Keeley et al. 2012; Fernandes et al. 2013; Ryan et al. 2013). In southern Australia, fire is an inevitable, natural, and vital element of the environment (Pyne 1998, 2006), and thus fire management is integral to sustainable ecosystem management (Burrows 2008; Bradstock et al. 2012). Many Australians choose to live in fire-prone, temperate regions, leading to conflict between public safety and ecological management objectives, and requiring politicians and land managers to strike a balance between ecological, economic, and social values. Recent major wildfire events and subsequent parliamentary, judicial, or coroner’s inquiries in the states of Victoria (Teague et al. 2010) and Western Australia (Keelty 2011) have highlighted community protection as the primary goal of fire management in populated agricultural and forested landscapes of southern Australia. Fire managers are continually faced with the challenge of meeting expectations for community protection while simultaneously conserving biodiversity and preserving the natural environment. The relative importance placed on these conflicting objectives by the community and by fire managers varies somewhat with time since the previous bushfire disaster, so that fire regimes appropriate for meeting multiple objectives continue to be debated (Pyne 1998, 2006; Bradstock et al. 2012; Attiwill and Adams 2013). Here, we explore these complex issues through a detailed study of the management of fire in the forests of southwestern Australia, which form part of one of the world’s biodiversity hotpots and are also home to more than 90% of the human population of the state of Western Australia. A relatively long history of prescribed burning to achieve multiple objectives, supported by applied research into fire behavior and ecology (Abbott and Burrows 2003; Burrows 2008), makes fire management in the southwest an exemplar for fire management in southern Australia. The Western Australian experience is also relevant to fire-prone, forested landscapes in temperate environments around the world.
RESPONSE OF GARLIC PLANTS TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MORINGA LEAVES EXTRACT, GLUTAMINE AND CYSTEINE

Foliar application with some amino acids provides plant with readymade nutrition, thus it has positive effect on plants metabolism with a corresponding promotion in crop quantity and quality. Thus, two field experiments were conducted at Kaha Vegetable Research Farm, Qalubia governorate, Egypt during the two successive winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 in a clayey loamy soil under flood irrigation system. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Sids 40 was used to study the effect of foliar application with three concentrations of each, moringa leaves extract (5, 10 and 15 g/ L), glutamine (50, 100 and 200 ppm) or cysteine (50, 100 and 200 ppm) on growth, yield, quality and gloves oil content. Gloves were planting at mid of September in both seasons. A Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used. The obtained results revealed that foliar spray with moringa leaves extract 10 g/ L, glutamine 200 ppm or cysteine 100 ppm treatments gave the highest values of plant growth criteria i.e. plant length, number of leaves/ plant, leaves chlorophyll content and leaves area of garlic at both seasons as compared to the other treatments and control. Concerning yield and yield components, spraying with moringa leaves extract 10 g/ L, glutamine 200 ppm or cysteine 100 ppm increased curing yield (ton/ fed.) by (59.4 %, 60.1 % and 59.2 %) and (42.1 %, 42.9 % and 41.9 %) and blubs dry matter % by (10.5 %, 11.7 % and 11.2 %) and (10.6 %, 10.1 % and 10.6 %) over the control, in the first and second seasons, respectively. Also, using the same above mentioned treatments were the best and gave significant increases of bulb quality (average cured bulb diameter and weight), chemical constitutes: K (%) and P (%,) total free amino acids (g/ 100 g dry weigh) and essential oil (mg/ kg dry weight). Results of the present work highlighted the positive effect of moringa leaves extract as natural substance and as it can mimic the role of synthetic amino acids, it could be applied safely (as plant foliar spray) for preserve human health and environment.