Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Sources of Teacher Self-Effcacy: The Potency of Teacher Interactions and Proximity to Instruction

Background Research over the past two decades documents how social capital, or the resources attained through social relationships, is associated with a range of outcomes at both the individual and organizational levels. Yet few, if any, studies explore the relationship between social capital and teaching self-efficacy. Given that teaching self-efficacy is a significant predictor of instructional effectiveness, identifying the kinds of social interactions that facilitate positive teaching self-efficacy can offer important information with respect to how schools and school systems can bolster teachers’ perceived competence and thus their instructional capacity. Objective This study integrates social capital and social cognitive theories to frame an investigation of the social sources that contribute to teachers’ self-efficacy over time. Specifically, we explore how social interactions that vary in their relationship with and proximity to instruction influence teachers’ developing self-efficacy. Research Design We analyzed self-report survey data from 345 teachers in the same district over 4 years. These data captured various social sources of teaching self-efficacy, including indicators of verbal persuasion and vicarious experiences, and allowed us to account for contextual variables found to influence teachers’ sense of mastery. We used the multilevel model for change framework to explore associations between these types of social interactions and teacher self-efficacy over time. Findings Results suggest that interactions firmly rooted in actual teaching practice—namely, those focused on a specific instructional episode (i.e., feedback about a class) or on particular teaching practices (i.e., discussions about specific teaching resources and artifacts)—were associated with higher reports of teaching self-efficacy over time. On the other hand, interactions that reflected more general or less targeted interactions about teaching (i.e., being sought out for general instructional advice or observing someone else teach) were not. Conclusions To further the capacity of individual teachers, school and system leaders should invest in supporting social interactions among teachers that afford direct and targeted opportunities to learn about particular instructional practices and to discuss specific teaching episodes. Interactions less proximal to classroom practice may be ineffective for promoting individual teachers’ feelings of teaching competence.
What makes a good self-advocacy project? The added value of co-production

Abstract This article describes how two self-advocates worked with two academics and others to produce a toolkit to help self-advocacy groups run better projects. We begin by explaining why this research needed doing and how we carried out the research. We then talk about what co-produced research means to us and how we think it is different from participatory or inclusive research. We discuss whether the research and this article were co-produced. We finish by looking at why we think co-production added value to this research. Our aim with this article is to help activists and academics work together to achieve two things: good-quality research findings; and big differences to disabled people’s lives.
Older men and women reflect on changes in sexual functioning in later life

Abstract The present study examined the reflections of older men and women on sexual functioning in later life. We interviewed 24 men and 23 women about sex, using constant comparisons and contrasts (relying on inductive and deductive reasoning) to analyze the interview data. Gender was used as a comparative framework. Our findings show that male erection and ejaculation and penetrative sex define sexual functioning for most respondents. Both men and women tend to identify men as a source of sexual challenges and decline in later life and as the ones who are more negatively affected by later life changes. Health care professionals should assist older adults in identifying more diverse views of sexual functioning in old age beyond a heteronormative perception, which equates sexual functioning with sexual intercourse. This could potentially result in greater satisfaction and lower distress concerning sexual functioning, particularly among older men.
EFL Learners' Attitudes towards Native-like Proficiency as an Achievement Target

The most appropriate models for teaching English have always been a point of interest in the SLA and EFL fields. In recent decades due to globalization, the standard model based on native speaker norms has been challenged by alternative models that do not rely on English spoken by native speakers. Therefore, this thesis set out to investigate whether Croatian secondary school EFL learners still aspire to emulate native speaker norms. In order to elicit their attitudes towards native-like proficiency as an achievement target, and see if there are attitudinal differences based on age, a questionnaire was administered to 68 secondary school EFL learners (23 freshmen and 45 juniors). The gathered data was analyzed by the means of SPSS. Participants’ responses showed a strong inclination towards attaining native-like proficiency, which suggests that the standard model of teaching English based on native speaker norms still has a looming presence in Croatian EFL classrooms.
Evaluation of centering ability of XP endo shaper, Edge Evolve and Hyflex CM in simulated curved canals (A comparative study)

Background and objectives: Cleaning and shaping principles of root canal must aim to respect the continuously tapering funnel from the root apex to the coronal access cavity, follow the original canal shape and maintain the apical foramen in its original spatial relationship to the periapical tissues and root surface. This study was conducted to compare centering ability using: XP endo shaper, Edge Evolve and Hyflex CM nickeltitanium instruments in simulated curved canals. Materials and methods: Sixty simulated curved canals of 40°curvature were divided into three groups and prepared to an apical size 30 using single-length technique for XP endo shaper, crown-down technique for Edge Evolve and Hyflex CM instruments. Centering ability was evaluated; the measurements were carried out at five different levels. Pre-and postoperative images of the canals were taken at a standardized position by a digital camera (Nikon D810 – 36 Megapixels, Japan) with 60mm macro lens. An assessment of the shape of the canal was determined using AutoCAD sofware. The data were analyzed statistically using one way ANOVA, Welch ANOVA, Least significant differences (LSD) and Games-Howell post hoc test. Results: the results of this study demonstrated that the Edge Evolve instruments showed a significantly better centering ability than both XP endo shaper and Hyflex CM at four levels of measurements except at last level (HO) which XP endo shaper scores the best centering ability. The Hyflex CM and XP endo shaper instruments scores similar results and were mostly close to each other after Edge Evolve instruments regarding canal centering ratio. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that Edge Evolve file maintained curvature significantly better than Hyflex CM and XP endo shaper files.
Hubungan Tingkat Kecanduan Gadget Dengan Gangguan Emosi Dan Perilaku Remaja Usia 11-12 Tahun

Latar Belakang: Gadget merupakan salah satu hasil perkembangan teknologi yang diciptakan dalam bentuk perangkat kecil. Kecanduan gadget dapat berdampak pada perkembangan anak dan remaja yaitu gangguan emosi dan perilaku. Gangguan emosi dan perilaku merupakan hendaya yang serius dalam perkembangan dan menurunkan produktivitas serta kualitas hidup. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan tingkat kecanduan gadget dengan gangguan emosi dan perilaku remaja usia 11-12 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian belah lintang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah remaja usia 11-12 tahun yang menggunakan gadget dari beberapa SD di Semarang. Pengambilan data berupa karakteristik, data tingkat kecanduan gadget menggunakan Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version , data gangguan emosi dan perilaku menggunakan ­ Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire , dan data status sosial ekonomi menggunakan kuesioner Bistok Saing. Uji statistik meggunakan uji chi-square . Hasil: Jumlah subyek penelitian sebanyak 75 orang. Dari uji bivariat chi-square didapatkan hasil yang bermakna antara tingkat kecanduan gadget dengan gangguan emosi dan perilaku remaja usia 11-12 tahun (p=0,002). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan ayah dengan gangguan emosi dan perilaku (p=0,521), tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan gangguan emosi perilaku (p=0,903), dan jumlah saudara dengan gangguan emosi dan perilaku (p=0,627). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan tingkat kecanduan gadget dengan gangguan emosi dan perilaku remaja usia 11-12 tahun.
Mismatched Decoding: DMC and General Channels

The setup of mismatched decoding is considered. By analyzing multi-letter expressions and bounds on the mismatch capacity of a general channel, several results pertaining to the mismatched discrete memoryless channel W with an additive metric q are deduced: it is shown that Csiszár and Narayan’s “product-space" improvement of the random coding lower bound on the mismatched capacity, C q (W ), is equal to the mismatched threshold capacity with a constant threshold level. It is also proved that C q (W ) is the highest rate achievable when the average probability of error converges to zero at a certain specified rate, which is o(1/n) in the case of q which is a bounded rational metric. Finally a lower bound on the average probability of error at rates above the erasures-only capacity of the DMC is derived.
Marketing alliances in digital firms: an analysis of benefits and risks

Purpose of the paper: The evolution of technologies and the impact they are having on business lead to the development of the so-called digital firms. For these firms marketing alliances can have an important value, as digital technologies have the potential to further increase the benefits of these initiatives. Despite the topicality of this theme a gap emerges concerning the development of co-marketing initiatives in digital firms. The purpose of the paper is to develop a pilot study to explore the topic, focusing on the main benefits and risks that could emerge. Methodology: To fill the emerged gap, a case study analysis has been performed on a sample of four Italian digital firms. The analysis is intended as a pilot study that can allow a better comprehension of the topic and prepare the field for a deeper quantitative analysis. Findings: The developed analysis led to the identification of three main areas of specificities concerning marketing alliances in digital firms: the vehicle, the (un)boundaries and the relation. Each of these areas include both benefits and risks. Research limits: The adopted methodology and the sample number hinder the possibility to reach general consideration on the addressed topic. Practical implications: Understanding the specificities of marketing alliances in digital firms could allow managers to better define these strategies, both in digital and non-digital sectors. Originality of the paper: The research fills a gap emerged in the existing literature on marketing alliances and digital firms, proposing some insights from case study.
Greek Affiliation as a Contributing Factor to College Academic Success: A Case Study

This study explores how an individual’s college academic success can be impacted by affiliation with a Greek organization. This research analyzes how Greek-affiliated students compare academically to non-Greek students, how the bonds between an individual and their Greek organization impact the academic success of the average individual, and the methods of academic support that Greek organizations provide to its members. Henri Tajfel’s Social Identity Theory is utilized as a framework of analysis. According to this theory, individuals who identify as being a member of a group adopt the behaviors and values of the group. Because Greek organizations implement some form of academic support for its members, this theory would explain how individuals can adopt the academically-inclined behaviors and values of their organization. Greek organizations were analyzed, and data was collected by administering a survey to Greek and non-Greek students at California State University Monterey Bay (CSUMB). Data shows that Greek-affiliated students do not perform as well academically as their nonGreek counterparts. However, an individual’s bond with their Greek organization has been shown to impact the academic performance of the individual. Greek Affiliation as a Contributing Factor to College Academic Success: A Case Study 3
Implementation of Efficient Binary To Gray Code Converter Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata

Quantum dot cellular automata is one of the emerging nano technology in IC industry because it can overcome the limitations of CMOS technology like power dissipation ,leakage current etc.QCA technology is used extensively in digital circuits and systems. In conventional computers information is transferred from one place to another by means of electrical current, in QCA by propagating the polarization state the information is transferred.QCA circuits are operated at terahertz frequency so switching time and power dissipation of the circuit reduces. In this paper QCA based high speed code converters are implemented with reduced no of cells and area.
From cohesion in text to coherence in comprehension

Text comprehension involves the construction of a coherent mental representation of the situations cohesively described by the text. We use the term 'coherence' for these representational relationships and 'cohesion' for the textual indications that coherent representations should be built. Cohesion can be indicated by lexical information (vocabulary-driven) or by grammatical information (grammar-driven). In either case, five types of coherence can result: REFERENTIAL, LOCATIONAL, CAUSAL, TEMPORAL and ADDITIVE strands, corresponding to identification of the who, where, why, when and what. This thesis asks how textual cohesion supports representational coherence, by addressing two research questions: 1. To what extent is each of the types of cohesion independent of the others in its effects on the reader? 2. Does coherence develop (on-line) throughout the comprehension process, does it come about (off-line) in a final wrappmg-up stage of the comprehension process or both? To explore effects of vocabulary-driven cohesion on coherence, a connectionist model is used. Vocabulary-driven cohesion is represented as a large number of weighted relations between the elements of the situations described by the text. A series of computational experiments measure the effects of vocabulary-driven cohesion on summary and data. The results show that vocabulary-driven cohesion relations both interact and make independent contributions to coherence. They also show that the more specific a situation is, the more likely it is the situation is summarised. The effects of grammar-driven cohesion are explored in two stages. First, a parametensation of local grammar-driven cohesion and coherence relations is developed, using the categories TYPE (CAUSAL, TEMPORAL, ADDITIVE) and POLARITY (POSITIVE, NEGATIVE). It is assumed that these relations are processed by combinations of parameters. A series of reading time experiments test the role of these parameters in the comprehension process. Those cohesion relations that are less specific direct resources to cohesion-based information in the text and support an incrementalcoherence hypothesis, whereas more specific relations direct resources to coherencebased information and support a delayed-coherence hypothesis.
Feedback concerning Compulsory Rotatory Internship Programme (CRIP) and specialty preference among Medical Interns

Internship in India is a crucial step in the career of a doctor. It comprises of long working hours and stressful environment with huge pressure of impending PG entrance exam which is conducted right after the internship programme. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 89 interns of a tertiary care teaching hospital with the help of a semi-structured proforma and focused group discussions to find out the factors that are help in choosing the specialty preference. Data analysis was done by Epi Info Version 7. Results show that male interns prefer to pursue post-graduation in the branches of Medicine & Surgery, whilst females preferred Obstetrics & Pediatrics. Factors like personal interest; financially rewarding, job availability and specialty reputation were found to influence the specialty preference. Rural practice was not preferred due to lack of infrastructure, lower income & family problems. PG entrance exam was found to be a major distraction during internship leading to inadequate development of clinical skills. It is challenging task to review and update the internship programme and PG Entrance Exam but changes must be brought with the highest priority. Keywords: Speciality preference, Internship, Medical interns, Compulsory rotatory internship programme (CRIP)
Influence of surface pores on selective laser melted parts under lubricated contacts: a case study of a hydraulic spool valve

ABSTRACT Hydraulic valve spools can be produced with hollow structures using SLM to increase dynamic response. The contact between the valve spool and body is crucial and relates to the performance of a hydraulic valve, which has not been studied. This paper investigates the reciprocating contact of an SLM-fabricated spool valve from a tribological aspect. By varying the process parameters, porous and standard spool samples (18Ni-300 steel) were produced using SLM. The lubricating behaviours of 18Ni-300 samples under various contact pressures and reciprocating frequencies were investigated in comparison to a real spool sample (hardened 38CrMoAl steel) using conventional manufacturing. The results indicate that the standard SLM 18Ni-300 spool sample has comparable tribological performance compared to the conventional manufactured 38CrMoAl sample. The SLM fabricated sample, with a number of large pores, has the highest friction coefficient under a wide range of contact conditions due to rough surfaces and cracks. Compared to the standard sample, the presence of a few small pores positively affects lubrication by providing local extra lubrication and serving as debris containers. Such an effect becomes very notable under low pressure, reducing the friction coefficients by half.
Are Truthful Bidders Paying too Much? Efficiency and Revenue in Display Ad Auctions

Display ad auctions have become the predominant means to allocate user impressions on a website to advertisers. These auctions are conducted in milliseconds online, whenever a user visits a website. The impressions are typically priced via a simple second-price rule. For single-item auctions, this Vickrey payment rule is known to be incentive-compatible. However, it is unclear whether bidders should still bid truthful in an online auction where impressions (or items) arrive dynamically over time and their valuations are not separable, as is the case with campaign targets or budgets. The allocation process might not maximize welfare and the payments can differ substantially from those paid in an offline auction with a Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) payment rule or also competitive equilibrium prices. We study the properties of the offline problem and model it as a mathematical program. In numerical experiments, we find that the welfare achieved in the online auction process with truthful bidders is high compared to the theoretical worst-case efficiency, but that the bidders pay significantly more on average compared to what they would need to pay in a corresponding offline auction in thin markets with up to four bidders. However, incentives for bid shading in these second-price auctions decrease quickly with additional competition and bidders risk losing.
Architectural Forms of Collective Memory

In 2015, the Moscow City Hall and the Gulag History Museum launched a competition for the creation of a commemorative monument dedicated to the victims of political repression in Russia during the 1920s to the 1950s. In this article we present three studies carried out on an array of 309 images (digital images, model photographs, drawings) related to the projects submitted for this competition. Each project image was accompanied by a text written by the author (artist, architect, designer). These images and texts were analyzed within the framework of the concept of collective memory and the theory of social representations. The first study focused on the texts and suggested that there are two dimensions of the collective memory about the commemorated event, a historical dimension and a human dimension. The second study focused on images, two dominant forms in the monument projects were identified. The third study showed that depending on whether the accompanying text favors the historical dimension of the event or its human dimension, the designers did not make identical use of the different architectural forms (identified in the previous study) to elaborate their project. These results suggest that the architectural forms of monument projects vary according to the historical vs. human dimension favored by the collective memory of their authors.
Gender inequality of job security: veiling glass ceiling in Korea

Abstract This study analyzes the potential existence of a glass ceiling effect in Korea. Previous studies considered the wage gap between genders and could not identify a glass ceiling effect in Korea; by contrast, this study considers gaps in job security as well as wage between genders and empirically identifies the existence of a glass ceiling. Taking job security into account shows that women workers suffer from the glass ceiling effect more seriously in the upper middle quantile, even if they are in regular jobs. Based on the empirical results presented here, social policy supports are suggested to ensure job retention of women workers as well as reduce the wage gap in countries intending to break the glass ceiling in the labor market. The empirical results in this paper provide some policy insights for developing countries facing the dual structure of the labor market as well as gender discrimination.