Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laminin 5 expression protects against anoikis at aerogenous spread and lepidic growth of human lung adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is characterized by frequent aerogenous spread (AE) and advancement along the alveolar wall (BAC growth). To elucidate the mechanism of AE metastasis and BAC growth in human lung adenocarcinoma, we established an in vivo orthotopic animal model and an in vitro culture. Investigation of expression levels of integrins, laminins and Type IV collagens, which are the major regulating molecules for cell attachment and anoikis was carried out and a clear correlation between the expression level of laminin 5 (LN5) and the BAC growth was observed using an orthotopic animal model. Introduction of LN5 cDNA to A549 cells increased anoikis resistance in an expression dependent manner. Cells with LN5 overexpression resisted with anoikis after treatment with PI3K‐Akt and ERK inhibitors. The amount of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was also higher in LN5 overexpressing cells. Major tyrosine residues of the EGF receptor at 1068, 1086 and 1173, except at 1148, remained phosphorylated only in the LN5 overexpressing cells even without EGF stimulation, that indicates the ligand independent activation of EGF receptor. BAC growth ratio and AE was confirmed to be significantly correlated with LN5 expression in surgically resected human lung adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that the activation of the EGF receptor by overexpressing LN5‐integrin‐FAK signaling pathway may play a crucial role in BAC growth and AE metastasis in human lung adenocarcinoma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of GABA Extract of Black Sticky Rice with Giant Embryo on Alcohol-Related Indices After Acute Alcohol Intake in Social Drinkers.

BACKGROUND This study was performed to evaluate the effect and safety of a high-gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing extract (GABA extract) of black sticky rice with giant embryo (BSRGE) on alcohol-related indices after acute alcohol intake in social drinkers. METHODS Subjects were randomized to the GABA extract (G) group, GABA extract and alcohol drinking (GA) group, or placebo intake and alcohol drinking (PA) group in a double-blind design. All subjects were administered GABA extract (200 mg GABA) or placebo at 9 am on study days 2 and 3, respectively. Subjects in the GA and PA groups were administered an equivalent dose of alcohol that was diluted in a drinking beverage for a total amount of 240 ml at 11 am on day 3. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale were measured just before alcohol drinking, and 6 times after alcohol drinking. RESULTS The peak and area under the curve (AUC) of the total stimulation scale score after alcohol intake in females were significantly higher in the GA than in the PA group, whereas no significant difference was found between the 2 groups in males. The peak and AUC of the total score on the sedation scale after alcohol intake in males were significantly lower in the GA than in the PA group, whereas both were significantly higher in the GA than in the PA group of females. The AUC for BAC in males was significantly lower in the GA than in the PA group, whereas no significant difference was found in females. No adverse events were reported in any of the groups including the G group. CONCLUSIONS Coadministration of a GABA extract to social drinkers while drinking alcohol is supposed to affect alcohol-related indices in terms of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and did not induce any adverse events.
Reactive Oxygen Species Formation by UV-A Irradiation of Urocanic Acid and the Role of Trace Metals in This Chemistry¶

Abstract We have extended our study of the decomposition of urocanic acid (UCA) with ultraviolet A radiation (UV-A) by the self-sensitized generation of singlet oxygen (see Photochem. Photobiol. 75, 565 [2002]). The chemistry has been found to be partially dependent on the presence of trace metal, most likely iron. Rigorous removal of metal impurities from the reaction mixture, using Chelex, retarded (but did not eliminate) the UV-A–initiated UCA degradation. The addition of small amounts of ferric chloride to the Chelex-treated solutions restored reactivity. Chelex treatment had a modest effect on the previously reported ability of UCA photoproducts to photonick supercoiled plasmid DNA. Also, photoinactivation of Sindbis virus on irradiation with the UCA photoproducts is now reported. Inactivation of the virus by a photoproduct mixture derived from a UCA solution that had been pretreated with Chelex was less rapid and gave better behaved time-course plots than was observed for photoproducts from non–Chelex treated solutions. These results are particularly noteworthy in light of the ubiquitous presence of both UCA and iron in the skin.
Catheter lock technique: in vitro efficacy of ethanol for eradication of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal biofilm compared with other agents.

Biofilm formation in central venous catheters (CVC) is a prerequisite for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). The catheter lock technique has been used to treat biofilm infection, but the ideal agent, concentration and the minimum exposure time necessary to eradicate the biofilms are not clearly known. In this study, biofilm-producing strains of staphylococci were used to find out the minimum biofilm eradication concentration of ethanol compared with three other conventional antibacterial agents. Eight representative methicillin-resistant staphylococci, from colonized CVCs, were studied. The biofilms were exposed to 1, 5 and 10 mg mL(-1) of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. The ethanol concentrations used were 20%, 40% and 80%. Biofilms were examined for the presence of live organisms after exposure to these agents from 30 min to 24 h. The three antibiotics were unable to eradicate the biofilms even after 24 h, while ethanol at 40% concentration could do so for all the isolates in 1 h. Our study highlights the efficacy and rationale of using 40% ethanol for a short period as catheter lock solution to eradicate biofilms and thus to prevent CRBSI, instead of using high concentrations of antibiotics for extended periods.
Effect of Strain and Storage Period on Some Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of Table Eggs

This study include the effect of strain and storage period and their interaction on some quantitative and qualitative traits and percentages of the egg components in the eggs collected at the start of production (at age 24 weeks). Eggs were divided into three storage periods (1, 7 and 14) days under refrigerator temperature (57)C. Fifty seven eggs obtained randomly from each strain including Isa Brown and Lohman White. General L i near M odel wi thi n SAS programme was used to anal yze the col l ected data and correlations between the studied traits were calculated for each strain.Average egg weight (EW), Haugh Unit (HU), yolk index (YI), yolk % (HP), albumin % (AP) and yolk to albumin ratio (YAR) was 56.629 gm, 87.968 %, 0.493, 22.13%, 67.74% and 32.76 respectively. Egg produced from ISA Brown surpassed those produced by Lohman White significantly (P<0.01) in EW (59.337 vs. 53.921 g) and AP (68.46 vs. 67.02 %), while Lohman White surpassed ISA Brown significantly (P<0.01) in HU (91.998 against 83.939 %), YI (0.498 against 0.487), YP (22.83 against 21.44%) and YAR (34.12 against 31.40). Storage period did not have any significant effect on EW and YI. Increasing the storage period caused a significant (P<0.01) decrease in HU. A non-significant increasing in YP and significant decreasing in AP % due to increasing storage period caused a significant increasing in YAR. The interaction between strain and storage period affect EW, HU and YI significantly (P <0.01), while its effect on YP, AP and YAR was not significant. Highest and significant (P<0.01) correlation was recorded between YP with YAR (0.99) in both strains, while the lowest values were between AP with YAR and being -0.97 and -0.95 in ISA Brown and Lohman White, respectively. The conclusion: increasing storage period caused a few decreasing in egg weight and this enabling the consumer to store eggs without any damage. Because of using the albumin in many food industries, so it is very important to focus on its weight. The correlations between some of the studied traits were significant, which means that selection for any trait will improve other traits. Keywords—Quality, Quantity, Storage period, Strain, Table egg
The lytic mechanism of Escherichia coli α-hemolysin associated to outer membrane vesicles

Alpha-hemolysin (HlyA) is an extracellular toxin secreted by Escherichia coli, targeting to plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. Recently it was found that this toxin is released to external media associated to bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), but the hemolytic mechanism in this way has not been studied yet. Our results report that HlyA is the only protein present in OMVs that is responsible for erythrocyte lysis, and show that no fusion event is involved in the lytic mechanism of OMVs-HlyA. Furthermore, the specific hemolytic activity is approximately 10 fold higher than that of purified free-HlyA, showing the same relative lysis efficiency and specificity for erythrocytes from different species. OMVs could be an important auxiliary way of secretion, acting mainly as a concentration mechanism of HlyA near the target cells. Cell lysis would occur after toxin transfer from OMVs to target membranes, as demonstrated by hemolysis kinetic studies, lipid mixing and western blot assays.
Clinical, serological and molecular evidence of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in India

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Orientation and position of substrata have large effects on epibiotic assemblages

The orientation and position of hard substrata used to test ecological hypotheses about sessile marine plants and animals have often been based on logistical convenience. Much of our understanding of the ecology of epibiota is based on artificial habitats (particularly the undersides of floating pontoons), despite epibiotic organisms being an important and conspicuous component of natural hard substrata (e.g. vertical surfaces of rocky reefs). We assessed the model that pontoons act as inherently different habitats from rocky reefs, independent of the size, shape, age and composition of the substratum, by comparing the development of epibiota on settlement panels in the 2 habitats. Panels orientated the same way on pontoons and rocky reefs were found to support different epibiotic assemblages, and panels orientated differently (vertical vs horizontal undersides) also supported different assemblages. Position (reef vs pontoon) affected a broader range of taxa than did orientation, although effects of each were generally inconsistent among sites. Covers of spirorbid polychaetes, encrusting bryozoans, mussels, colonial ascidians and red filamentous algae were affected greatly by position. Tubiculous polychaetes, barnacles and species of brown and green filamentous algae were influenced by orientation. This study provides experimental evidence that pontoons are fundamentally different habitats from natural rocky reefs. The results highlight the need for caution in the use and interpretation of studies using artificial habitats when testing hypotheses about naturally occurring assemblages.
Comparative analysis of antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from fresh green tea, commercial green tea and black tea on pathogens

Medicinal plants have been a major source of therapeutic agents for alleviation and cure diseases. In the present investigation comparative analysis of antimicrobial activity of green tea Camellia sinensis fresh leaves, commercial green tea leaves and dust tea against enteropathogens and specific fungi were carried out. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of Camellia sinensis was analyzed by using well diffusion method paper disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration. Synergistic activity of green tea and commercial antibiotic chlorophenicol was analyzed. The allopathic antibacterial drugs are said to be costlier and have more side effects. Moreover multiple drug resistant strains are on the raise in this era and thus complicating treatment. On the other hand herbal preparations are comparatively cheaper and have lesser side effects. So, herbal preparations can supplement other systems of medicine for the treatment of diseases caused by bacteria and fungi.
Family, socioeconomic and prenatal factors associated with failure to thrive in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

BACKGROUND The epidemiological profile of infants failing to thrive is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the prenatal and socioeconomic factors associated with these infants using standardized weight gain conditional on previous weight. METHODS In a large UK population cohort study, 11 718 infants born at term in 1991-1992 with no major congenital abnormalities were identified. Using a weight gain criterion conditional on initial weight from birth to 6-8 weeks, 6-8 weeks to 9 months, and birth to 9 months, the slowest gaining 5% were identified. RESULTS None of the prenatal factors was associated with failure to thrive in the multivariable analysis nor were traditional markers of socioeconomic deprivation such as poor parental education or low occupational status. Parental height was significantly correlated with slow infant weight gain in both separate periods and from birth to 9 months (Pearson's r = +0.20, P < 0.001). Eight times as many infants born to shorter parents (8.7%, 95% CI: 6.6, 11.3) showed slow weight gain as infants born to taller parents (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.5, 2.5). Higher parity was also related to slow infant weight gain; infants born in the fourth or subsequent pregnancy were twice as likely to fail to thrive from birth to 9 months (8.3%, 95% CI: 6.4, 10.6) as first-born infants (3.4%, 95% CI: 2.9, 10.6). CONCLUSIONS Future studies need to take account of parental height when calculating growth standards and look at why failure to thrive is more common, not in poorer families but in larger families.
Age and automation interact to influence performance of a simulated luggage screening task.

INTRODUCTION An experiment examined the impact of automation on young and old adults' abilities to detect threat objects in a simulated baggage-screening task. METHOD Younger and older adult participants viewed X-ray images of cluttered baggage, 20% of which contained a hidden knife. Some participants were provided an automated aid with a hit rate of 0.90 and a false alarm rate of 0.25. The aid provided assistance to participants in one of three forms: a text message that appeared before the stimulus image; a text message that appeared following the stimulus image; or a spatial cue concurrent with the stimulus image. Control participants performed the task with no assistance from an aid. RESULTS Spatial cuing improved performance for both age groups. Text cuing improved young adults' performance, but had no benefit for older participants. Effects were similar whether the text cue preceded or followed the search stimulus itself. DISCUSSION Results indicate that spatial cuing rather than text alerts may be more effective in aiding performance during a baggage screening task and such benefits are likely to occur regardless of operator age.
Performance of a complex manual control task during exposure to vertical whole-body vibration between 0.5 and 5.0 Hz.

An experiment is described in which seated subjects performed first-order pursuit tracking with a simultaneous discrete task; performance with the discrete task was dependent on performance of the continuous task. Vertical, z-axis, whole-body sinusoidal vibration was presented at frequencies from 0·5 to 5·0Hz at an acceleration magnitude of 2·0 ms−2 r.m.s. in three separate sessions. In the first session, inter-subject and intra-subject variability masked any disruption caused by the vibration. After further training, all vibration frequencies disrupted performance of the continuous task. Disruption was independent of vibration frequency below 3·15Hz and increased at 4·0 and 5·0Hz. A visual mechanism was assumed to account for the increased disruption at these higher frequencies. Mechanisms which may have been responsible for the disruption below 3·15 Hz are discussed. Effects of vibration on the discrete task were attributable to disruption in performance of the continuous task. The results illustrate th.
Ascites is a negative prognostic indicator in chronic hepatitis in dogs.

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is common but little is known about factors associated with survival. Ascites is a well-recognized negative prognostic indicator in humans. HYPOTHESIS Ascites is a negative prognostic indicator in CH in dogs. ANIMALS Thirty-four dogs with histologically confirmed CH presented to 1 institution between 1996 and 2005. METHODS Retrospective observational study. CH was diagnosed by histopathology of liver tissue according to the WSAVA criteria. Ascites was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. The association of ascites with survival from diagnosis or onset of owner-reported clinical signs until death from any cause or from liver disease was analyzed. Ascitic and nonascitic groups were further analyzed for differences in treatment and sex. RESULTS Fourteen of 34 dogs had ascites. Survival from diagnosis to death from liver disease was 0.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-0.6) for ascitic dogs and 24.3 months (CI 11.4-37.1) for nonascitic dogs (P < .001), and from onset of signs to death from liver disease was 2.0 months (CI 0.0-5.6) for ascitic dogs and 33.0 months (CI 8.6-57.4) for nonascitic dogs (P= .0020). Diet and spironolactone use differed between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Ascites is a significant negative prognostic indicator in dogs with CH. Veterinarians and owners can use this information to aid clinical decision making in affected dogs.
Terpenoids of methanol extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum exhibit anticancer activity against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice

Context: Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. is a widely used plant in the Indian indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of tumors. Objective: The present study evaluated the anticancer activity of methanol extract of C. infortunatum (MECI) against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice and isolation of bioactive terpenoids from it. Methods: HPLC analysis of the methanol extract showed the presence of three major components. Out of those, two compounds were isolated and characterized as oleanolic acid and clerodinin A. The anticancer activity of MECI was assessed by measuring the tumor growth response, percentage increase of life span, study of hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity like glutathion and CAT. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was also performed using EAC cell lines. Result and conclusion: Treatment with MECI causes significant decrease in the tumor cell volume and increase in the life span. The median survival time (MST) of EAC control group was found as 19.42 ± 0.91 d, whereas the MST was increased to 23.44 ± 2.69 d and 27.57 ± 2.57 d for the groups treated with MECI at 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. All the hematological parameters, malonaldehyde content and antioxidant enzymes’ activity were restored towards the normal level. IC50 value of MECI was found as 498.33 µg/mL in cytotoxicity study. The experimental results suggested that MECI has significant anticancer activity, which can be attributed to the presence of oleanolic acid and clerodinin A.
Antidepressant drugs in the elderly: Are the indications as long term as the treatment?

In a community study of 761 people aged 70 years and over 45 (5·9%) were found to be taking long term tricyclic antidepressants. Forty four were compared with matched controls. There was no evidence that tricyclic antidepressants were being used to compensate for poor physical health or function. Twenty subjects had a clear history of depression; three of these required additional treatment and five might have coped without continued drug treatment. Twelve of the remainder had started treatment with tricyclic antidepressants as hypnotics and 11 as a trial because of suspected depression. They had continued taking the drugs over a long period. Regular review of both the adequacy of and the necessity for continued treatment with tricyclic antidepressants in the elderly is recommended.
Consumption of Tea in Professionals and Non-professionals

Tea is an important part of our daily life and culture. People consume it for refreshment especially during breakfast or after breakfast. It tastes good and is the cheapest drink consumed worldwide. It contains fluoride which is very helpful in our physiological and some of the pathological conditions. It also contains caffeine, which is a CNS stimulant and causes addiction of it. Now it has become a need for its users due to its addiction. Our study aimed to find out its consumption and its addiction in different age groups and genders belonging to different professions. A cross-sectional method was used to collect data from different universities, offices and other public places in Karachi city. According to our survey tea consumption is prevalent among all age groups. 2-3 cups of tea is the mostly consumed amount of tea. People (around 49%) mostly consume 2-3cups of tea daily. The consumption of tea is more prevalent in males than in females. It causes addiction so the common symptoms found in people were headache and sedation. Tea consumption in the professional class is greater as compared to the non-professionals. While some other consume tea but they are not addicted of it. According to our survey 17% people had never consumed tea.