Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RFLP AND CYTOGENETIC EVIDENCE ON THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF ALLOTETRAPLOID DOMESTICATED PEANUT , ARACHIS HYPOGAEA ( LEGUMINOSAE ) 1

Nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to determine the wild diploid Arachis species that hybridized to form tetraploid domesticated peanut. Results using 20 previously mapped cDNA clones strongly indicated A. duranensis as the progenitor of the A genome of domesticated peanut and A. ipaensis as the B genome parent. A large amount of RFLP variability was found among the various accessions of A. duranensis, and accessions most similar to the A genome of cultivated peanut were identified. Chloroplast DNA RFLP analysis determined that A. duranensis was the female parent of the original hybridization event. Domesticated peanut is known to have one genome with a distinctly smaller pair of chromosomes ("A"), and one genome that lacks this pair. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated that A. duranensis has a pair of "X' chromosomes, and A. ipaensis does not. The cytogenetic evidence is thus consistent with the RFLP evidence concerning the identity of the progenitors. RFLP and cytogenetic evidence indicate a single origin for domesticated peanut in Northern Argentina or Southern Bolivia, followed by diversification under the influence of cultivation.
Dynamic walking models to understand asymmetric gait characteristics

Passive dynamic walking models remarkably predict gait behaviour such as walk-run transition speeds, preferred step length, stride frequencies and with the inclusion of springs ground reaction forces. Muscular or neurological conditions may lead to asymmetric walking characteristics that, in turn, come with long term health risks. Gait analysis may be used to understand an individual patient’s conditions to help rehabilitate them. However, people adapt their kinematic and kinetic walking patterns so it can be hard to distinguish the effects of gait alterations such as inertial imbalance or injury. In this thesis a compass walking model with no active controllers is explored to understand the dynamics of gait. To help us interpret the effects of mass imbalance with a prosthetic foot or orthotic device, asymmetric loading conditions are investigated. A simple spring-mass walking model is used to explore the effects of altered touch-down angles and effective leg stiffness to see if these are used as strategies to alter the characteristics of gait. Results show that an asymmetric touchdown angle alters step length while retaining a symmetric stance time. A hybrid model is then derived with springs to emulate human-like ground reaction forces and asymmetric inertial loading of the legs. Results support previous research that pushoff from the trailing leg propels the leg mass more than the body mass. Higher rates of joint forces, larger step lengths and a longer stance time on the residual limb may be due to the prosthetic leg stiffness or the higher location of centre-of-mass. These results help us understand how the dynamic components affect gait characteristics such as step length, stance time and walking speeds. This work is motivated by the needs of persons with disabilities and by the desire to understand human walking.
M USI C A L PI L L A RS A ND SIN G IN G R O C KS

The ancient Hindu temples are well known for their grand architecture and construction. Almost all of the temples have beautiful and majestic sculptures carved on their interior and exterior walls and pillars. Sacred deities such as various forms of God and Goddess, mythical figures such as vyalas, horses, elephants, dancing damsels and musicians playing their instruments are some of the prominent sculptures carved on temple pillars. It is also interesting to note that some of the pillars, which are constructed as simple circular columns with and without any carvings produce melodic tones when tapped on them with fingers. Several temples such as Vijaya Vitthala temple (15 century) in Hampi, Karnataka, Madurai Meenakshi temple (16 century), Nellaiyappar temple (8 century) in Tirunelveli and Suchindram Thanumalayan temple (17 century) in Tamilnadu have these musical pillars. These pillars are not hollow and both ends fixed. Thus these musical pillars indicate the acoustical knowledge of Hindu temple architects. It is known that in Hinduism music and dance are regarded as means of worship of Gods and Goddesses. The musical pillars contribute to the acoustical characteristics of worship spaces. These musical pillars are man made structures. However in nature, there are rocks that have the property of sounding like a bell when struck or rubbing them which are called Singing or ringing rocks. Examples of these natural singing rocks are found at Upper Black Eddy and Lower Pottsgrove Township (Pennsylvania, United States), Western Australia, Cumbria (England), Montana (United States), Querétaro (Mexico), Tiree (Scotland). The musical instruments which are made with rock or pieces of rock which are struck to produce musical notes called Lithophone. This paper presents a review of the acoustical studies of these pillars and rocks.
Parallel data processing with MapReduce

MapReduce is a parallel programming model and an associated implementation introduced by Google. In the programming model, a user specifies the computation by two functions, Map and Reduce. The underlying MapReduce library automatically parallelizes the computation, and han dles complicated issues like data distribution, load balan cing and fault tolerance. The original MapReduce implementation by Google, as well as its open-source counterpart, Hadoop, is aimed for parallelizing computing in large clusters of commodity machines. Other implementations for different environments have been introduced as well, such as Mars, which implements MapReduce for graphics processors, and Phoenix, the MapReduce implementation for shared-memory systems. This paper gives an overview of MapReduce programming model and its applications. We describe the workflow of MapReduce process. Some important issues, like fault tolerance, are studied in more detail. We also take a look at the different implementations of MapReduce.
Small Scale Problems of the Λ CDM Model : A Short Review

The ΛCDM model, or concordance cosmology, as it is often called, is a paradigm at its maturity. It is clearly able to describe the universe at large scale, even if some issues remain open, such as the cosmological constant problem, the small-scale problems in galaxy formation, or the unexplained anomalies in the CMB. ΛCDM clearly shows difficulty at small scales, which could be related to our scant understanding, from the nature of dark matter to that of gravity; or to the role of baryon physics, which is not well understood and implemented in simulation codes or in semi-analytic models. At this stage, it is of fundamental importance to understand whether the problems encountered by the ΛDCM model are a sign of its limits or a sign of our failures in getting the finer details right. In the present paper, we will review the small-scale problems of the ΛCDM model, and we will discuss the proposed solutions and to what extent they are able to give us a theory accurately describing the phenomena in the complete range of scale of the observed universe.
Syddansk Universitet Nanomechanics and ultrastructure of the internal mammary artery adventitia in patients with low and high pulse wave velocity

The collagen-rich adventitia is the outermost arterial layer and plays an important biomechanical and physiological role in normal vessel function. While there has been a lot of effort to understand the role of the medial layer on arterial biomechanics, the adventitia has received less attention. In this study, we hypothesized that different ultrastructural and nanomechanical properties would be exhibited in the adventitia of the internal mammary artery (IMA) in patients with a low degree of arterial stiffening as compared to those with a high degree of arterial stiffening. Human IMA biopsies were obtained from a cohort of patients with arterial stiffening assessed via carotid-femoral PWV. Patients were grouped as low PWV (8.5 ± 0.7 ms , n = 8) and high PWV (13.4 ± 3.0 ms , n = 9). Peakforce QNM atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the nanomechanical and morphological properties of the IMA. The nano-scale elastic modulus was found to correlate with PWV. We show for the first time that nanoscale alterations in adventitial collagen fibrils in the IMA are evident in patients with high PWV, even though the IMA is not involved in the carotid-femoral pathway. Our approach provides new insight into systemic structure-property changes in the vasculature, and also provides a method of characterizing small biopsy samples to predict the development of arterial stiffening. Statement of Significance Arterial stiffening occurs as part of the natural aging process and is strongly linked to cardiovascular risk. Although arterial stiffening is routinely measured in vivo, little is known about how localised changes in artery structure and biomechanics contributes to in vivo arterial stiffening. This study focusses on the role of the outermost layer of arteries, the adventitia, in arterial stiffening. The study provides data on nanoscale changes in collagen fibril structure and mechanical properties in the adventitia and shows how it relates to in vivo stiffness measurements in the vascular system. This is the first study to link in vivo arterial stiffening with nanomechanical changes in artery biopsy samples. Hence, this approach could be used to develop new diagnostic methods for vascular disease. 2018 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
YIELD AND FORAGE QUALITY OF SALTBUSH IRRIGATED WITH REJECT BRINE FROM DESALINATION PLANT BY REVERSE OSMOSIS

Rural communities located in the Brazilian Northeast, especially in the semiarid zone, live with water shortages resulting from erratic rainfall. This work proposes the cultivation of saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) in the Rural Settlement Project of Boa Fé, Mossoró/RN as alternative to the disposal of reject brine from desalination plant on yield of forage. The statistical design was a split-plot design, being four treatments at the plots, related to irrigation with reject brine water, at different levels of soil moisture by moisture from Field Capacity (FC) (100, 85, 70 and 50% of FC) and in subplots and two levels of organic manure (without fertilized and fertilized) with four replications. The variables of yield and forage quality of saltbush were analyzed. It was observed that saltbush has a great production capacity in terms of fresh matter and drought for saltbush under a level of 85% soil moisture in relation to the field capacity of soil, presenting minimal loss of yield; however, this proved to be productive even with the dry soil. The total yield was satisfactory, showing its viability for forage production.
Renal Effects of Goutweed ( Aegopodium podagraria L . ) Preparations and Metformin in Rats with the Disorders of Metabolism Induced by Protamine Sulphate and Atherogenic Diet

It has been previously shown that the tincture and the extract obtained from Aegopodium podagraria L. can be favorably combined with metformin. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the extract (1 g/kg), the tincture (1 ml/kg) and their combinations with metformin (50 mg/kg) on the excretory renal function in rats receiving the atherogenic diet combined with protamine sulfate during 15 days. The model was characterized by the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in water loading test, decrease in filtered load of sodium, its proximal and distal transport as well as excretion, the reduction of diuresis, potassium excretion, urine Na+/K+ ratio. Metformin decreased creatininemia but led to the further decline in diuresis due to the enhancement in water reabsorption, proteinuria (but not protein excretion) was increased. Goutweed extracts per se and combined with metformin, enhanced water reabsorption, while GFR tended to the increase and diuresis remained unchanged. It normalized the filtered load of sodium and its proximal, but not distal, transport resulting in higher sodium excretion, significantly increased potassium excretion (urine Na+/K+ ratio remained reduced). Goutweed tincture normalized sodium and potassium excretion as well as urine Na+/K+ ratio, GFR, filtered load and proximal, but not distal, transport of sodium. Water reabsorption was unchanged, diuresis increased. After combined use of the tincture with metformin the renal effects of the latter, but not of the tincture were realized, antiproteinuric effect and minimal activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma and urine were registered just in this group.
An Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Flow Hydraulic Parameters in Circular Crested Weir Using Flow 3 D

Circular crested weirs consist of a circular crested of upstream and downstream walls. These weirs are widely used in hydraulic engineering as water discharge structures and can be used to control water level in channels and tanks. In the present study, using Flow3D software, hydraulic properties were investigated to find weir geometry optimization through CFD method. Also, this study attempted to investigate flow on some sections of circular crested weirs in 3 groups and 11 models. Upstream and downstream slope changes as well as the height of the weir were also studied. To validate the model, laboratory models were used. In the research, flow depth parameters on crest, pressure distribution, velocity distribution, energy loss on circular crested weirs, as well as the height and changes of upstream and downstream slope were evaluated. Flow depth on the body of circular crest in this state is about 0.71 (H1). Upstream slope changes on flow depth on the weir’s crest revealed that increasing upstream slope causes to the increase of flow relative depth (H1/R) on the crest about 62%. Downstream changes in H1/R values less than 0.7 have no significant effect on discharge coefficient; however, increasing H1/R values seems to cause more change in slope.
Phonological Awareness : Principles and Implications for Reading Acquisition

This research synthesis identifies areas of convergence in reading research regarding the importance, dimensions, and effects of phonological awareness on the reading acquisition process. It also highlights similarities and differences between normal achievers and diverse learners. The following five areas of research convergence are identified: (l) phonological processing ability explains significant differences between good and poor readers; (2) phonological awareness is a general ability with multiple dimensions; (3) phonological awareness has a reciprocal relation to reading acquisition; (4) phonological awareness i5 necessary but not sufficient for reading acquisition; and (5) phonological awareness is teachable and promoted by attention to instructional variables. Also discussed are issues of construct validity, the importance of explicit teaching of phonological awareness, the value of combining phonological awareness instruction with instruction in letter-sound correspondences, and the value of providing intense and explicit instruction in phonological awareness to diverse learners who may potentially have reading disabilitles. A table allows comparison of the major studies reviewed. (Contains 32 references and 4 figures.) (DB) * * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * *
Characterization and Confirmation of Lactobacillus spp . from Selective Regional Yoghurts for Probiotic and Interference with Pathogenic Bacterial Growth 1

A probiotic is a viable microbial dietary supplement that is beneficial for the host through its effects in the intestinal tract. Probiotics are widely used to prepare fermented dairy products such as yoghurt and it is an important source of probiotic Lactobacilli. In this study, the samples were collected from different superstores of Chittagong and Bogra city of Bangladesh. Pure culture of specific probiotic isolates from each sample was performed and identified on the basis of their colonies morphologies and some biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase and IMViC (indole, methylred, voges proskavar, citrate utilization) test. Their identification as Lactobacillus spp. , was confirmed through PCR reaction using genus specific primer. The isolated Lactobacillus spp. , were resistant to inhibitory substances like NaCl (1-9%) and bile acid (0.05-0.3%). In addition, the satisfactory growth of isolated Lactobacillus spp. , was observed in alkaline condition. The isolated Lactobacillus spp. , showed positive result in different carbohydrate source such as glucose, xylose, galactose, etc and were able to produce organic acid in skim milk which was determined by titrimetic method. The Lactobacillus spp. , was examined for their antimicrobial activities against some test pathogens by modified agar overlay method and the high inhibition zones showed their potential antibacterial effects. The yoghurt is suggested as a source of potential probiotic strains and there were variations in probiotic properties of the isolated Lactobacillus spp. , obtained from selective regional yoghurt samples in this study.
Case control study of anxiety and depression among patients with miscarriage compared to those with successful pregnancy

Miscarriage is one of the most common complications in pregnancy. There is emerging evidence that psychological impact following miscarriage is not unusual. Understanding the magnitude of psychological morbidity is important in the management of miscarriage. The main objective of this study was to compare the mean Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score between women with miscarriage and women with successful pregnancy and to determine the socio-demographic factor and clinical characteristic that are associated with anxiety and depression. A descriptive case control study was conducted in a teaching hospital, over a period of 12-months (from October 2014 till September 2015). A total of 65 women were recruited with 32 women as the study group (miscarriage) and another 33 women as the control group (women with successful pregnancy). Mean HADS-anxiety score was higher in the study group compared to control group although it was not statistically significant (6.53 ± 3.427 vs 5.73 ± 2.875, p=0.309). Mean HADS-depression score was higher in the control group (4.34 ± 2.695 vs 4.45 ± 3.073, p=0.878). Women with maternal age more than 35 years and history of previous miscarriage had a higher tendency of anxiety and depression with higher mean HADS score. There was no association between other socio-demographic data and clinical characteristic with risk of anxiety and depression. As conclusion, there was no significant difference in women with miscarriage as compared to those with successful pregnancies, although older women with history of miscarriage had a preponderance to both disorders.
Title Fault localization through evaluation sequences

Predicate-based statistical fault-localization techniques find fault-relevant predicates in a program by contrasting the statistics of the evaluation results of individual predicates between failed runs and successful runs. While shortcircuit evaluations may occur in program executions, treating predicates as atomic units ignores this fact, masking out various types of useful statistics on dynamic program behavior. In this paper, we differentiate the short-circuit evaluations of individual predicates on individual program statements, producing one set of evaluation sequences per predicate. We then investigate experimentally the effectiveness of using these sequences to locate faults by comparing existing predicate-based techniques with and without such differentiation. We use both the Siemens program suite and four real-life UNIX utility programs as our subjects. The experimental results show that the proposed use of shortcircuit evaluations can, on average, improve predicate-based statistical fault-localization techniques while incurring relatively small performance overhead.
Propagation of Wind Energy into the Deep Ocean through a Fully Turbulent Mesoscale Eddy Field

The authors analyze the 3D propagation of wind-forced near-inertial motions in a fully turbulent meso- scale eddy field with a primitive equation numerical model. Although the wind stress is uniform, the near-inertial motion field quickly becomes spatially heterogeneous, involving horizontal scales much smaller than the eddy scales. Analysis confirms that refraction by the eddy relative vorticity is the main mechanism responsible for the horizontal distortion of the near-inertial motions, which subsequently trig- gers their vertical propagation. An important result is the appearance of two maxima of near-inertial vertical velocity (both with rms values reaching 40 m day (cid:1) 1 ): one at a depth of 100 m and another unexpected one much below the main thermocline around 1700 m. The shallow maximum, captured by the highest vertical normal modes, involves near-inertial motions with a spatial heterogeneity close to the eddy vorticity gradient field. These characteristics match analytical results obtained with Young and Ben Jelloul’s approach. The deep maximum, captured by the lowest vertical normal modes, involves superinertial motions with a frequency of twice the inertial frequency and much smaller horizontal scales. Because of these characteristics, not anticipated by previous analytical studies, these superinertial motions may represent an energy source for small-scale mixing through a mechanism not taken into account in the present study: the parametric subharmonic instability (PSI). This reveals a pathway by which wind energy may have a significant impact on small-scale mixing in the deep interior. Further studies that explicitly take into account PSI are needed to estimate this potential impact.
Impact of Voiding and Incontinence Symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life in Serbian Male Population

Results: Voiding and incontinence symptoms significantly correlate with all domains of QoL. Voiding and incontinence symptoms have a high influence on general health, social functioning, physical functioning and body pain. After adjusting for age and education, voiding and incontinence symptoms had a similar influence on QoL. In the multivariate model the influence of cardiovascular diseases and income on QoL was lower than voiding and incontinence symptoms.