Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxicity and side effects of three insecticides on adult Chrysoperla carnea (Neu.: Chrysopidae) under laboratory conditions

Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), is an important predator of arthropod pests such as aphids, psyllids, thrips and whiteflies. Toxicity of endosulfan, imidacloprid and indoxacarb was assessed on male and female C. carnea in the laboratory. Contact bioassays were carried out in glass Petri dishes. The LC50 values for indoxacarb, imidacloprid and endosulfan were 0.011, 0.053, and 0.343 g AI/L for males, and 0.019, 0.098 and 0.398 g AI/L for females, respectively. Males were more sensitive than females to all three insecticides. To assess the sublethal effects, using IOBC (International Organization for Biological Control) method, adults were treated with LC25 of each insecticide. Analysis of variance did not show significant differences among treatments regarding the developmental time of the first, second and third instars, pupae and sex ratio. Differences between treatments and control were significant regarding pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods, fecundity, fertility, longevity of male and female. Mean longevity for control, imidacloprid, endosulfan and indoxacarb were 30 ± 2.3, 24.3 ± 3.3, 21.3 ± 2.4 and 19.7 ± 1.4 days for males, and 36.9 ± 2.5, 31.8 ± 2.9, 27.7 ± 1.7 and 26.7 ± 2.6 days for females, respectively. The highest and the lowest rates of fecundity were 540 ± 49 and 206 ± 42 in control and indoxacarb, respectively. Based on the IOBC classification method, imidacloprid, endosulfan and indoxacarb were slightly harmful (%30 < Total Effect Index < %79) against adults. The adult stage was very sensitive to indoxacarb, imidacloprid and endosulfan. Hence, these insecticides should not be applied when the density of adults is high in the field.
The cost implications of informed decision-making: a mathematical simulation model of the potential financial effects of a web-based prostate specific antigen decision aid

A i m and Objectives: Web-based Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) decision aids are known to promote informed decision-making. There is also some evidence that informed decision-making can result in reduced uptake of PSA testing, thus reducing subsequent costs related to urological intervention, specifically prostate biopsies. The aim of this study was to assess these potential financial benefits. The objectives were: first, to develop a mathematical simulation model based on data from a randomised controlled trial of a web-based PSA decision aid, Prosdex; second, to examine the effect of changes in PSA testing on prostate biopsy numbers and costs. M e t hods: The simulation model was built using an animated simulation package, Simul8, which allowed for the input of parameter data: 1) Setting; 2) Intention to undertake a PSA test, derived from a RCT of a web-based PSA decision aid; 3) Costs related to PSA tests and prostate biopsies. R e s ults: Total costs varied with changes in the number of PSA tests at a single GP practice, all-Wales and UK level. At the single GP practice level, the effect on costs of changes in PSA testing was minimal. For example, a reduction in PSA testing from 4.6% to 3.6% reduced total costs for the practice by only £1,800. At the UK level, the same reduction in PSA testing lowered costs by approximately £10 million; a relatively small amount of financial resource in the context of a national health budget such as that of the UK National Health Service. Conclusions: The financial impact of web-based PSA decision aids is minimal. The benefit of using PSA decision aids should be viewed in ethical terms and not in financial terms.
Nest Sites of Feral Honey Bees in California, USA

Summary &mdash; Nest site characteristics are described for 94 honey bee nests in trees, 17 in the ground, and 82 in man-made structures. Nests were in trees of mean diameter 85 cm primarily in live hardwoods, especially oaks. Entrances were mostly single knots or cracks in the main trunk at ground level and up to a mean height of 2.5 m. Most nests in the ground were in treeless areas; half had partially exposed combs, possibly aiding ventilation. Nests in buildings differed from those in trees by having smaller entrances. Compass orientation of comb in natural nest sites was commonly from 145° - 195°.
Banking on Foreigners: The Behavior of International Bank Lending to Latin America, 1985-2000

Rising international bank financing to developing countries has fueled a debate on the behavior of these claims. The authors analyze claims from seven home (lender) countries on ten host (borrower) countries in Latin America. They find that banks transmit shocks from their home countries and changes in their claims on other countries spill over to individual hosts. However, lending has become less"indiscriminate"and more responsive to host conditions over time. Responsiveness to the latter becomes less"pro-cyclical"as exposure increases. Finally, foreign bank lending reacts more to positive than to negative host shocks and is not significantly curtailed during crises.
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS): The coevolution of galaxy morphology and colour to z ∼ 1

We explore the evolution of the statistical distribution of galaxy morphological properties and colours over the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1, combining high-quality imaging data from the CFHT Legacy Survey with the large number of redshifts and extended photometry from the VIPERS survey. Galaxy structural parameters are measured by fitting S\'ersic profiles to i-band images and then combined with absolute magnitudes, colours and redshifts, to trace the evolution in a multi-parameter space. We analyse, using a new method, the combination of colours and structural parameters of early- and late-type galaxies in luminosity--redshift space. We found that both the rest-frame colour distributions in the (U-B) vs. (B-V) plane and the S\'ersic index distributions are well fitted by a sum of two Gaussians, with a remarkable consistency of red-spheroidal and blue-disky galaxy populations, over the explored redshift (0.5 < z <1) and luminosity (−1.5 < B−B∗ < 1.0) ranges. The combination of the UBV rest-frame colour and S\'ersic index n as a function of redshift and luminosity allows us to present the structure of early- and late-type galaxies and their evolution. We found that early type galaxies display only a slow change of their concentrations since z∼1; it is already established by z∼1 and depends much more strongly on their luminosities. In contrast, late-type galaxies get clearly more concentrated with cosmic time since z∼1, with only little evolution in colour, which remains dependent mainly on their luminosity. This flipped luminosity (mass) and redshift dependence likely reflects different evolutionary tracks of early- and late-type galaxies before and after z∼1. The combination of rest-frame colours and S\'ersic index n as a function of redshift and luminosity leads to a precise statistical description of the structure of galaxies and their evolution.
Emotional Regulation and Judicial Behavior

Judges are human and experience emotion when hearing cases, though the standard account of judging long has denied that fact. In the post-Realist era it is possible to acknowledge that judges have emotional reactions to their work, yet our legal culture continues to insist that a good judge firmly puts those reactions aside. Thus, we expect judges to regulate their emotions, either by preventing emotion’s emergence or by walling off its influence. But judges are given precisely no direction as to how to engage in emotional regulation. This Article proposes a model for judicial emotion regulation that goes beyond a blanket admonition to “put emotion aside. ” While legal discourse on judicial emotion has been stunted, scientific study of the processes of emotion regulation has been robust. By bringing these literatures together for the first time, the Article reveals that our legal culture does nothing to promote intelligent judicial emotion regulation and much to discourage it. An engagement model for managing judicial emotion promises to reverse this maladaptive pattern. It provides concrete tools with which judges may prepare realistically for emotional situations they necessarily will encounter, respond thoughtfully to emotions they cannot help but feel, and integrate lessons from such emotions into their behavior. Importantly, the medical community has begun to pursue just such a program to promote competent emotion regulation by doctors. The engagement model is far superior to all its alternatives. Other regulation strategies, such as avoidance, are fundamentally incompatible with judges’ professional responsibilities. Suppressing the expression and experience of emotion—encouraged by the status quo—is costly and normatively undesirable. Suppression is unrealistic, exacerbates cognitive load, impairs memory, and can paradoxically increase emotion’s influence while rendering that influence less transparent. The judicial-engagement model, in contrast, leverages the best of what the psychology of emotion regulation has to offer. It puts a name to what extraordinary judges already are doing well and makes it available to all judges. By setting aside not judicial emotion but, rather, the crude manner in which we have asked judges to manage it, we stand materially to improve the quality of judging.
Species diversity and spatial variation in fish assemblage structure of streams in connected tropical catchments in northern Australia with reference to the occurrence of translocated and exotic species

The freshwater piscifauna of the watercourses of the Barron and Mitchell systems, two northern Australian catchments with adjacent headwaters, was surveyed. Fifty-eight species of fish from 26 families, including several marine vagrants, were sampled from the freshwater reaches of the Barron River, compared to 28 species from 15 families from the Mitchell River. Species diversity and richness was higher in the coastal section of the Barron catchment owing to the influence of marine vagrants and species that were estuarine dependent for part of their life cycle. Detrended correspondence analysis of fish abundance data showed that sites in the coastal Barron catchment and the Mitchell catchment were widely separated in ordination space. Historically, barriers to fish movement determined species composition in both catchments, but there have been major changes in species composition as a result of extensive translocations of native fish into the Barron catchment over the last 50 years. Five species of exotic fish, including the cichlids Tilapia mariae and Oreochromis mossambicus, were established in the Barron system and one species in the Mitchell catchment. Cherax quadricarinatus, a crustacean endemic to western drainages, has been translocated into the Barron catchment and has since become widely established. This has implications for the interbasin transfer of irrigation water between the Barron and the Mitchell catchments potentially providing a mechanism for fish, including the exotic species O. mossambicus, to spread across northern Australia.
“Prevention is Better than Cure”: Can Exercise Prevent Dementia?

Neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia are among the ones for which no cure is found yet. Nevertheless, physical exercise in older adults has shown to be beneficial for enhancement of cognitive functions such as memory and learning. The underlying mechanism of these beneficial effects is suggested to be neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus, a brain structure essential for memory function. It is suggested that physical exercise and therewith neurogenesis can work as preventing factors for dementia. This paper examines whether physical exercise can prevent dementia. Despite the evidence for improvement of cognitive functioning and neurogenesis after physical exercise, this paper highlights a gap of knowledge in this field with regards to evidence and research on neurogenesis in humans.
Pattern and Etiology of Mandibular Fractures Reported at Nepalgunj Medical College: A Prospective Study

Background : Mandibular fracture is one of the most common fractures of the maxillofacial region. The pattern of mandibular fractures varies from country to country and these variations can be due to social, cultural, and environmental factors. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the etiology, incidence and pattern of mandibular fractures in western region of Nepal, reported at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital. Methodology: A prospective study of 130 patients with mandibular fractures was conducted in Department of Dentistry, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital from November 2013 to November 2014. These patients were examined both using clinical and radiographic parameters for mandibular fracture. Data concerning age, gender, causes of fracture and sites of fracture were analyzed. Result: Out of 130 patients, 104(80%) were male patients and 26(20%) were female patients. Most common age group was between 21-30 years. Most common cause of mandibular fracture was road traffic accidents accounting for 66(50.77%) cases followed by fall injury in 30(23.08%) cases. Most common site involved was parasymphysis 46(30.47%) followed by angle 27(17.89%). Road traffic accidents due to alcohol consumption 40(68.97%) was the leading cause followed by assault 10(17.24%) and fall 8(13.79%). Conclusion: Mandibular fractures are more frequent in male than female with higher frequency in 21-30 years age group. The most commonly fractured site was the parasymphysis. Road traffic accidents were the most common etiology and significantly associated with alcoholism. JNGMC Vol. 13 No. 2 December 2015
Response to interactive comments from Referee #1

The paper presents the application of a heated inlet to mitigate against the influence of hygroscopic growth of particles on the imputed particle size distribution and mass loading by an OPC, in this case the ‘lower-cost’ OPC-R1. The paper is well written and the procedures are mostly clear, though considering that this seems to be an ‘open-sourced’ project, it would be helpful to have more specific information on the construction of the heater – more information on electronics is included in the linked Github page, but not sufficient to recreate the design without significant leaps. However, my main concern is that it the interpretation of results is such that it is difficult to know whether such a device will actually improve measurements by low-cost sensors, or introduce other, possibly more difficult to correct errors. Additional experiments that seek to separate ‘drying’ from ‘particle evaporation’ (by varying particle volatility or treatment mechanisms) could do this, but are a substantial extension beyond what is included here.
Distinct element modelling of the mechanical behaviour of intact rocks using voronoi tessellation model

This paper aims to study the mechanical behaviour and failure mechanism of intact rocks under different loading conditions using the grain based model implemented in the universal distinct element code (UDEC). The grain based numerical model is a powerful tool to investigate complicated micro-structural mechanical behaviour of rocks. In the UDEC grain based model, the intact material is simulated as assemblies of a number of polygonal blocks bonded together at their contact areas. To investigate the ability of such a numerical framework, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests as well as direct tensile test were simulated in UDEC and then the results were compared with the laboratory experiments undertaken on Hawkesbury sandstone. There was a good agreement between the experimental and numerical under different loading conditions. In order to investigate the effect of micro-properties of the grain based model, blocks and contacts, on the laboratory scale intact rocks, a set of parametric study was undertaken. The results from this analysis confirmed that the block size is an intrinsic characteristic of a model which has significant effects on the mechanical behaviour of the numerical models. Also, it was concluded that the cohesion and friction angle of contact surfaces control both uniaxial and triaxial compressive strengths. Finally, it was found that in the triaxial compression test, as the applied confining pressure increases, the effect of contact cohesion on the strength decreases while the effect of friction angle increases.
Attraction of Nematodes to Living Mycelium of Nematophagous Fungi

Methods were designed to detect attraction and repulsion of nematodes by fungi and determine the attraction intensity of different fungi. Of 23 fungi tested, 15 attracted the bacteria-feeding nematode Panagrellus redivivus. Of the 14 nematophagous fungi tested, ten attracted and one repelled nematodes, whereas three were neutral. Among nine non-nematophagous fungi, five attracted nematodes. In general, the attraction intensity increased with increasing dependence of the fungi on nematodes for nutrients.
Redefinition, revised phylogeny, and relationships of Pseudopsinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2743

New evidence is presented to support transfer of the genera Nanobius, Asemobius, and Zalobius from the Piestinae to Pseudopsinae, currently in- cluding only Pseudopsis. The subfamily is rede-scribed, a key to genera given, and the natural history and distribution briefly reviewed. A revised cladistic analysis of the four genera is pre- sented with the conclusion that Pseudopsis is the sister group of the remaining genera. The rela- tionships of the subfamily are discussed; a close relationship to the Phloeocharinae rather than to the Oxytelinae is suggested.
The impact of resilience and perceived organisational support on employee engagement in a competitive sales environment

Orientation: Understanding the impact of resilience and perceived organisational support on employee engagement in a competitive sales environment.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between resilience, perceived organisational support and employee engagement among pharmaceutical sales employees in a competitive sales environment; and to establish whether resilience and perceived organisational support hold predictive value for employee engagement.Motivation for the study: Limited research has focused on the unique context of employee engagement as a construct in professional sales. A broader understanding of resilience and perceived organisational support can provide sales organisations with a lever to create an environment where sales employees are more fully engaged.Research design, approach and method: A quantitative, exploratory, cross-sectional survey approach was used. A sample of 125 sales representatives from a South African pharmaceutical organisation participated in the research. The measuring instruments included the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Perceived Organisational Support Scale (POS). Main findings: Perceived organisational support, but not resilience impacted employee engagement in a competitive sales environment.Practical and managerial implications: Sales organisations’ interventions to improve sales employee engagement should focus on perceived organisational support.Contribution: The individual role of each construct provided insight into the sales context. The relationship between the constructs offered a different lens through which the drivers of employee engagement in sales can be viewed. This study contributes towards sales literature by including positive psychology and organisational support in a model of employee engagement.
Corporate Tax Avoidance and the Properties of Corporate Earnings

This paper addresses the measurement differences between financial and tax reporting with an emphasis on the role each can have in gaining a better understanding of the other. The additional information provided by book-tax reporting differences can help tax administrators in determining compliance with the tax code, and assist investors in understanding the properties of reported corporate earnings. The paper also provides updated information on the magnitude and sources of book-tax reporting differences for U.S. corporations.
RSVD-based Dimensionality Reduction for Recommender Systems

We investigate dimensionality reduction methods from the perspective of their ability to produce a low-rank customer-product matrix representation. We analyze the results of using collaborative filtering based on SVD, RI, Reflective Random Indexing (RRI) and Randomized Singular Value Decomposition (RSVD) from the perspective of selected algebraic (i.e. application-independent) properties. We show that the Frobenius-norm optimality of SVD does not correspond to the optimal recommendation accuracy, when measured in terms of F1. On the other hand, a high collaborative filtering quality is achievable when a matrix decomposition - based on a combination of RRI and SVD referred to as RSVD-RRI - leads to increased diversity of low-dimensional eigenvectors. The diversity is observable from the perspective of cosine similarities analyzed in comparison to the analogical case of SVD. Such a feature is more desirable than the fidelity of the input matrix spectrum representation, despite the MSE-optimality of SVD.
Taxing short-term capital flows - An option for transition economies?

Die Wahrungskrise, die in den letzten Monaten Asien erschutterte, zeigte einmal mehr, wie riskant es sein kann, aufstrebende Marktwirtschaften in den internationalen Markt mit einzubeziehen. Der vorliegende Diskussionsbeitrag befast sich mit der Frage, ob es sinnvoll ware, den Kapitalzuflus in Transformationslander durch Steuern zu regeln. Anhand von Grafiken und Tabellen werden die Entwicklung und der Verlauf von Finanzstromen verdeutlicht.
Evidence of random walk in Pakistan stock exchange: An emerging stock market study

Abstract. The study reports the empirical evidence on the presence of weak-form efficiency under the random walk hypothesis on the emerging stock market of Pakistan; Pakistan stock exchange (PSX), formerly known as Karachi stock exchange (KSE) from January 01, 2009 to August 31, 2014, by investigating two categories of stock indices; one in which the selection of firms is based upon market capitalization and the other where the selection criteria of firms is based upon free-float methodology. The study applied both non-parametric and parametric tests; Kolgomorov-Simirnov (K-S), runs, serial correlation and unit root tests on daily returns of KSE-100 index; KSE- all share index; KSE-30 index and KMI-30 index. The study finds absence of random walk on the former two indices, where chronology of firms and selection criteria are based on traditional market capitalization technique. However, evidence of random walk is found in stock-indices where selection of firms is based on free floating methodology. The trace of random walk advocates the free floating methodology over market capitalization criteria. Keywords. Random walk, Weak-form efficiency, Karachi stock exchange, Pakistan stock exchange, Unit root test, Autocorrelation. JEL. G10, G12, G14.