Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A QUANTITATIVE BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE LEAD METHOD FOR LOCALIZATION OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE-HYDROLYZING ENZYMES

The purpose was to study the nature of the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) localized to plasma membranes by the lead method and the significance of the lead-catalyzed hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for the staining of fixed kidney. A modified Wachstein and Meisel's medium was used. The staining of sections of microsomal sediments from rat kidney was compared with the in vitro activity of (Na+ + K+)–, Mg++– and Ca++– ATPase in the presence of lead. The histochemical relevance of these observations was tested on sections of rat kidney. Localization of (Na+ + K+)–ATPase was not possible at concentrations of lead below the inactivating level (0.5 mM). Mg++–ATPase and Ca++– ATPase were only partially inhibited by 3.6 mM lead and were localized to plasma membranes in glutaraldehyde-fixed kidney. The staining followed a course of activation by Ca++ and Mg++ characteristic for enzymatic hydrolysis and different from the activation of nonenzymatic hydrolysis of ATP. Staining of fixed tissue was maximal at 2-3 mM lead and decreased at higher concentrations. In Mg++–deficient media membrane staining was weak or absent at 5.2-6.8 mM lead, where the rate of nonenzymatic hydrolysis of ATP was high. Thus, in the medium used the lead-catalyzed hydrolysis of ATP contributed little to the staining of fixed kidney.
The Effects of the GSEs, CRA, and Institutional Characteristics on Home Mortgage Lending to Underserved Markets

This study longitudinally compares the characteristics of loans made or bought by different institutions to see which types of lenders lead the mortgage finance industry in making credit available for low- and moderate-income families and which are merely following behind. Hypotheses are tested via a case study analysis of conventional home mortgage lending in Indiana for 1992–96. Results show that, although the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)—Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac— made gains in underserved markets during this period, at no time were they ever leading the market. There is also no clear evidence that the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) was a major contributor to gains made by underserved markets, perhaps because Indiana citizen groups failed to take advantage of its provisions. Contrary to some people’s fears, increasing market share for larger lenders did not appear to be detrimental to underserved markets. The results also raise the disturbing possibility that subprime lenders may have stolen away borrowers who could have gotten better deals elsewhere. Given the rapid pace of change in home mortgage lending and the recent adoption of new programs by the GSEs, the key findings of this study may soon need to be updated.
Internet use and addiction among medical students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia

Background The use of Internet has now become indispensable, and the technology has revolutionized the medical education and practice worldwide. Currently, medical students and professionals have an enormous opportunity to keep them always updated with the exponential growth of knowledge because of potential progression of Internet throughout the world that enables them to become a lifelong learner. Internet addiction is a widespread phenomenon among students and academicians at universities in Malaysia. Students use the Internet for recreational purpose and personal and professional development. The Internet has become an integral part of day-to-day life of the university students, including medical students. The aim of the present study was to examine the Internet use and addiction among students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which a questionnaire, Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire, developed by the Center for Internet Addiction, USA, was used. One hundred forty-nine medical students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin participated in this study. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results The mean scores were 44.9±14.05 and 41.4±13.05 for male and female participants, respectively, which indicated that both the genders were suffering from mild Internet addiction. Conclusion This study shows almost similar level of Internet usage among medical students irrespective of their socioeconomic background, with no statistically significant (p>0.05) differences, except among the years of study (p=0.007). Overall, from the research data and having worked with this cohort very closely, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin medical students can be labeled as wonted and recurring users of the Internet. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to define as Internet addicts or pathological users of the Internet because of small sample size and cross-sectional study.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is sufficient for the chemotaxis of monocytes and lymphocytes in transgenic mice but requires an additional stimulus for inflammatory activation.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a chemotactic cytokine, acts in vitro as a chemotactic and activating factor for multiple types of leukocytes. To determine the chemotactic and activating effects of MCP-1 in vivo, we constructed transgenic mice that express human MCP-1 in type II alveolar epithelial cells and secrete it into the bronchoalveolar space. We found that MCP-1 overexpression led to a marked increase in the numbers of both monocytes and lymphocytes that could be recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. This accumulation of mononuclear leukocytes could be reversed by the administration of an MCP-1-blocking Ab. In spite of its chemotactic effect, MCP-1 expression did not cause the inflammatory activation of accumulated leukocytes. Lungs of MCP-1 transgenic mice also showed no morphologic evidence of inflammation. However, MCP-1 mice had an increased sensitivity to other inflammatory stimuli. MCP-1 mice treated with either i.p. LPS or i.v. yeast wall glucan developed consolidated pulmonary infiltrates consisting predominantly of macrophages. Nontransgenic mice developed no such infiltrates. These results demonstrate that MCP-1 is chemotactic for monocytes and lymphocytes in vivo and that MCP-1 expression alone does not cause inflammatory activation of cells, but leads to an enhanced inflammatory response upon treatment with other stimuli.
Simulation of deoxynivalenol intake from wheat consumption in Japan using the Monte Carlo method

The aim of this study was to evaluate the current advisory level in Japan for deoxynivalenol (DON) in foods. To this end, we estimated the intake of DON based on its presence in wheat using a probabilistic computer simulation method. Values for the concentration of DON in wheat were based on those reported in surveys of 638 wheat samples conducted from 2002 to 2004. Data regarding consumption of 108 wheat-based products according to age group were obtained from the 2002 Japan national survey on food consumption. Two data sets on the consumption of wheat-based products and contamination of DON in wheat were analysed using three DON regulatory scenarios: no regulation, 1100 µg kg−1 and 2000 µg kg−1. Because consumption distributions contained two peaks for each age category, it was assumed that two log-normal distributions for each age category were needed to achieve a better fit to the distribution models. The results of simulated DON intake using the Monte Carlo method showed that children aged 1–6 years have the highest DON intake. However, the 95th percentile of simulated intake of DON in each age group was below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 1 µg kg−1 body weight using any regulation scenario. The 99th percentile of simulated DON intake in the 1–6-year-old group was greater than TDI at approximately 2 µg kg−1 body weight. These results suggest that the current dietary intake of DON from wheat consumption does not exert a significant health effect, but we may need to reconsider the current regulation value for the 1–6-year-old age group. In addition, we may need a better method to fit the distribution to the log-normal distribution better.
Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935.

BACKGROUND Overweight in adults is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In contrast, the long-term effect of overweight in adolescence on morbidity and mortality is not known. METHODS We studied the relation between overweight and morbidity and mortality in 508 lean or overweight adolescents 13 to 18 years old who participated in the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. Overweight adolescents were defined as those with a body-mass index that on two occasions was greater than the 75th percentile in subjects of the same age and sex in a large national survey. Lean adolescents were defined as those with a body-mass index between the 25th and 50th percentiles. Subjects who were still alive were interviewed in 1988 to obtain information about their medical history, weight, functional capacity, and other risk factors. For those who had died, information on the cause of death was obtained from death certificates. RESULTS Overweight in adolescent subjects was associated with an increased risk of mortality from all causes and disease-specific mortality among men, but not among women. The relative risks among men were 1.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.7; P = 0.004) for mortality from all causes and 2.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 4.1; P = 0.002) for mortality from coronary heart disease. The risk of morbidity from coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis was increased among men and women who had been overweight in adolescence. The risk of colorectal cancer and gout was increased among men and the risk of arthritis was increased among women who had been overweight in adolescence. Overweight in adolescence was a more powerful predictor of these risks than overweight in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Overweight in adolescence predicted a broad range of adverse health effects that were independent of adult weight after 55 years of follow-up.
THE DECISION‐MAKING PROCESS: ALLOGRAFT VERSUS AUTOGRAFT

THE DECISION WHETHER to use allograft or autograft in ventral cervical fusions has been widely discussed. The literature includes several prospective randomized trials. Extensive clinical evidence indicates that autograft use results in increased arthrodesis rates and less graft collapse. However, autograft harvest has a substantial morbidity rate. Allografts avoid the morbidity associated with autograft harvest but result in decreased arthrodesis rates and increased graft collapse rates. The decreased arthrodesis rate associated with allografts becomes more significant in multilevel surgery and in patients who smoke. The introduction and use of ventral cervical plates have made allograft use more attractive by increasing arthrodesis rates and decreasing graft collapse.
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM; TRADISI DAN MODERNISASI DI TENGAH TANTANGAN MILENIUM III

Pendidikan Islam dalam menghadapi millinium ke III atau abad 21 harus segera berbenah, tidak lagi hanya membangga-banggakan sejarah keemasan masa lalu, namun juga menpersiapkan (merencanakan) kehidupan di masa sekaranag untuk memperoleh harapan (masa depan) yang lebih baik. Hal ini bisa terjadi dengan memodernisasikan lembaga-lembaga pendidikan, serta mengintregrasikan keilmuan (Islamisasi keilmuan) serta meninggalkan dikotomi keilmuan yang selama ini mengganggu umat Islam. Modernisasi dilakukan untuk memiliki daya saing yang didasari dengan budaya mutu berbasis komitmen kerja yang diilhami oleh nilai-nilai islami.
A Case of Merkel Cell Carcinoma March

The University of Colorado Health Sciences Center holds weekly second opinion conferences focusing on cancer cases that represent most major cancer sites. Patients seen for second opinions are evaluated by an oncologist. Their history, pathology, and radiographs are reviewed during the multidisciplinary conference, and then specific recommendations are made. These cases are usually challenging, and these conferences provide an outstanding educational opportunity for staff, fellows, and residents in training.
Multiple cognitive deficits during the transition to Alzheimer's disease

The literature on cognitive markers in preclinical AD is reviewed. The findings demonstrate that impairment in multiple cognitive domains is typically observed several years before clinical diagnosis. Measures of executive functioning, episodic memory and perceptual speed appear to be most effective at identifying at‐risk individuals. The fact that these cognitive domains are most implicated in normal cognitive aging suggests that the cognitive deficit observed preclinically is not qualitatively different from that observed in normal aging. The degree of cognitive impairment prior to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) appears to generalize relatively well across major study characteristics, including sample ascertainment procedures, age and cognitive status of participants, as well as time to diagnosis of dementia. In episodic memory, there is evidence that the size of the preclinical deficit increases with increasing cognitive demands. The global cognitive impairment observed is highly consistent with observations that multiple brain structures and functions are affected long before the diagnosis of AD. However, there is substantial overlap in the distribution of cognitive scores between those who will and those who will not be diagnosed with AD, hence limiting the clinical utility of cognitive markers for early identification of cases. Future research should consider combining cognitive indicators with other types of markers (i.e. social, somatic, genetic, brain‐based) in order to increase prediction accuracy.
Mode of cell death in the rat metrial gland during peripartum regression

In the rodent uterus, the metrial gland develops during midpregnancy and undergoes regression prior to parturation. The involution of the gland is reported to be accompanied by the loss of gland cells due to their death in situ. Cell death has been classified by using morphological criteria into two types: necrosis and apoptosis. To study the mechanism involved in the peripartum regression of the rat metrial gland, we examined the mode of cell death in the gland during the last week of gestation. We identified apoptotic cells in the regressing metrial gland by using DNA fragmentation, in situ DNA 3'‐end labeling, and electron microscopy. Expression of progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor (ER) was also demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in the gland. The mean weight of metrial gland nodes decreased after day 18 of pregnancy. The apoptotic granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells that were detected by using the in situ DNA 3'‐end labeling method were observed on day 16 of pregnancy, and they increased in number after day 20 of pregnancy. Intense fragmentation of DNA was also found from day 20 to day 22 of pregnancy. Electron microscopy demonstrated apoptotic GMG cells in the regressing metrial glands, confirming the results of the labeling studies. Immunohistochemical study revealed that expression of PR and ER, which were localized mainly in fibroblast‐like stromal cells but not in GMG cells, was almost unchanged during late pregnancy. Apoptotic cell death is the major mode of rat metrial gland cell death in the peripartum loss of metrial gland cells. Anat. Rec. 252:369–377, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosures: the case of the US companies

The aim of this study is to increase understanding of the potential effects of corporate characteristics on the extent of corporate social responsibility CSR disclosure. The sample consists of companies from the Fortune list for the year 2011 as they are more likely to disclose CSR information. The environmental, social, and governance disclosure scores are introduced in order to determine the extent of CSR disclosure. Results based on the multiple regression models indicate a positive relationship of CSR disclosure to the return on sales, the return on equity and assets while the financial leverage is negatively related with CSR disclosure.
Defects of pars interarticularis in athletes: a protocol for nonoperative treatment.

The purpose of this study was to report the results of a specific treatment protocol for athletes with spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine. A retrospective study with recent follow-up was performed on 82 patients treated with restriction of activity, bracing, and physical therapy. All of the patients were involved in sports at first onset of symptoms. Sixty-six patients were boys and 16 were girls. Activities involving repetitive hyperextension and/or extension rotation of the lumbar spine were described as painful in 98% of the patients. Of the 62 patients with spondylolysis, 53 (85%) had an L5 defect and nine (15%) an L4 defect (90% of these 62 patients' defects were located in the most caudad mobile vertebra). Thirty-seven patients had bilateral pars defects, and 25 had unilateral defects. Eight patients had normal roentgenograms, but these eight had abnormal bone scans. Nine patients with spondylolysis underwent posterolateral fusion. Average follow-up was 4.2 years. Fifty-two (84%) had excellent results, eight had good results, and two had fair results. Twenty patients had a spondylolisthesis: 12 were grade I, six were grade II, and two were grade III. Twelve patients (60%) required surgery; 9 had excellent results, one had good results, one had a fair result, and one had a poor result. Pars defects must be suspected in the differential of low back pain in young athletes. Oblique radiographs are frequently diagnostic; however, if the history and examination are suggestive despite normal plain films, a bone scan should be obtained. Nonoperative management of pars defects is frequently successful. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE VASOCONSTRICTIVE FACTOR*

The normal pulmonary blood pressure in a series of 60 normal controls studied at the Institute of Cardiology and at the Brompton hospital was 16/7 mm. Hg with reference to the sternal angle, the mean being 11 mm. and the range 8/2-28/14 mm. The mean cardiac output was 8 litres a minute, and the common range 5 5 to 10-5 litres a minute. The left atrial pressure averaged 2 to 3 mm. Hg. The pulmonary vascular resistance, which in simple units is the pulmonary artery pressure minus the left atrial pressure in mm. Hg divided by the pulmonary blood flow in litres a minute, was therefore about 1 unit or 80 dynes sec. /cm. -5. Definition of Pulmonary Hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension literally implies a pulmonary blood pressure above 30/15 mm. which is the upper limit of the normal range. In practice serious pulmonary hypertension usually means a pressure at or around systemic level, but rarely in excess of 150 mm.
Identification of infectious microbiota from oral cavity environment of various population group patients as a preventive approach to human health risk factors.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE This study presents the results of comparative investigations aimed to determine microbiota that can occur in the oral environment in different human populations. The objective of the research was to identify pathogenic oral microbiota, the potential cause of health complications in patients of different population groups. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study included 95 patients requiring dental or surgical treatment; their oral cavity environment microbiota as risk factors of local and general infections were assessed. RESULTS In clinical assessment, differences occurred in oral cavity conditions between patients with malformations of the masticatory system, kidney allograft recipients and individuals without indications for surgical procedures. The presence of various pathogenic and opportunistic bacterial strains in oral cavities were revealed by direct microscopic and in vitro culture techniques. CONCLUSIONS Colonization of oral cavities of patients requiring surgical treatment by the potentially pathogenic bacteria constitutes the threat of their spread, and development of general infections. Assessment of oral cavity infectious microbiota should be performed as a preventive measure against peri-surgical complications.
Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants with multiple glycosylation defects for production of glycoproteins with minimal carbohydrate heterogeneity

The production of glycoproteins with carbohydrates of defined structure and minimal heterogeneity is important for functional studies of mammalian carbohydrates. To facilitate such studies, several Chinese hamster ovary mutants that carry between two and four glycosylation mutations were developed. All of the lines grew readily in culture despite the drastic simplification of their surface carbohydrates. Therefore, both endogenous glycoproteins and those introduced by transfection can be obtained with specifically tailored carbohydrates. The lectin resistance properties of the mutants showed that each line expresses a novel array of cell surface carbohydrates useful for identifying specific roles for carbohydrates in cellular interactions. In addition, they showed that the epistatic relationships among different glycosylation mutations are not entirely predictable, providing insight into the complexity of the carbohydrate structures at the Chinese hamster ovary cell surface.
Türkçe Eğitimi Programında Lisansüstü Öğrenim Gören Öğrencilerin Bilimsel Araştırma Yapmaya Yönelik Kaygı Düzeyleri

Bu arastirmanin amaci, Turkce Egitimi alaninda lisansustu ogrenim goren ogrencilerin bilimsel arastirma yapmaya yonelik kaygi duzeylerini saptamak ve bu kaygi duzeylerini cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelemektir. Bu calisma betimsel bir nitelik tasimakta olup karsilastirmali iliskisel tarama modelindedir. Arastirmanin evrenini 2013-2014 egitim-ogretim yilinda Ankara Universitesi Egitim Bilimleri Enstitusu Egitimin Kulturel Temelleri Anabilim Dali Turkce Egitimi Modulu’nde lisansustu ogrenim goren ogrenciler olusturmaktadir. Veriler, arastirmacilarca olusturulan “Kisisel Bilgi Formu”ndan ve Buyukozturk (1997) tarafindan gelistirilen “Arastirma Yapmaya Yonelik Kaygi Olcegi”nden elde edilmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda ogrencilerin kaygi duzeylerinin orta duzeyde oldugu soylenebilir. Cinsiyet degiskeni baglaminda erkek ogrencilerin kadin ogrencilere gore bilimsel arastirma yapma konusunda daha kaygili olduklari gorulmustur. Ogrencilerin bilimsel arastirma yapmaya yonelik kaygi duzeyleri; yas, lisansustu ogrenim duzeyleri, arastirma gorevlisi olup olmama, ogrencilerin daha once bilimsel arastirma yontemlerine iliskin herhangi bir ders alip almama ve bilimsel bir makaleye sahip olma durumlarina gore anlamli bir farklilik gostermemektedir.
Dissolved gas analysis of mineral oil for power transformer fault diagnosis using fuzzy logic

This paper reviews the use of fuzzy logic (FL) for dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of mineral oil for power transformer fault diagnosis (PTFD). A brief overview of conventional PTFD techniques using DGA of mineral oil is firstly surveyed. Then, applications of FL techniques for PTFD reported in international journals for evaluating power transformer conditions are extensively reviewed. Various FL techniques for PTFD have been developed to reduce operating costs, enhance operational reliability, and improve power and services supplied to customers. These FL techniques enable researchers to analyze fault phenomena and diagnose transformer faults, and these approaches have evolved rapidly as highly effective approaches for PTFD. Potential improvements to FL-based systems are also discussed. Our conclusion is that no single DGA technique enables detection of the full range of faults, which is needed for reliable assessment of all power transformer conditions. Therefore, the most effective PTFD technique is to combine outputs from various DGA diagnostic methods and to aggregate them into an overall evaluation.