Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors in Surgical Patients with Verified Preoperative Myocardial Infarction

A series of 89 surgical patients (111 operations) with preoperative myocardial infarction (MI) was analysed for factors predisposing to the development of a postoperative reinfarction. Six of them suffered postoperative MI, and three of these patients died. In the statistical analysis the following risk factors emerged: age over 60 years, anaemia, hypertension, and the fact that the previous MI had been posterior. Abdominal operations were more dangerous concerning reinfarction than other operations. In the other series of 11 deceased patients with postoperative reinfarction collected from the autopsy material, about the same risk factors were found. The most important factor seemed to be hypotension, which complicated the surgery. All 11 patients had arrhythmias in their preoperative electrocardiogram. Previously treated heart failure was present in five of these patients. Postoperative symptoms analysed in the first series suggest that if a patient with preoperative MI has arrhythmias, hypotension, dyspnoea, diffuse unlocalized pain or chest pain after sugery, he is very likely to have a reinfarction.
Assessing Fit Between Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Youth Depression and Real-Life Coping in Early Adolescence

The modest efficacy of psychological interventions for youth depression, including evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs), suggests a question: Do the therapy components match the coping strategies youths find helpful when dealing with depressed mood? Answering this question may help strengthen treatments. We asked 105 middle schoolers across a range of depression symptom levels to identify the coping strategies they used when they felt sad (habitual responses) and those that made them feel better (perceived-effective responses). Habitual and perceived-effective responses were coded for resemblance to EBPs, and each youth's habitual responses were coded for their match to the youth's perceived-effective responses. Most perceived-effective responses (92.6%) matched EBP components (most frequent: Behavioral Activation); however, 65.0% of the EBP components did not match any youth's habitual or perceived-effective responses. Youths at higher depression symptom levels were significantly more likely than low-symptom youths to report (a) habitual responses that did not match EBP components, (b) habitual responses that did not match their own perceived-effective responses, and (c) perceiving no effective response. The higher their depression symptom level, the less likely youths were to use strategies identified by researchers and perceived by themselves as effective, and the less likely they were to identify any perceived-effective coping strategy. The findings suggest a need to (a) determine which EBP components do in fact enhance youth coping, (b) design the most effective ways to help youths master those effective components, and (c) facilitate more frequent use of those strategies the youths already find effective.
Quality of life: a survey of parents of children/adults with an intellectual disability who are availing of respite care

Accessible summary This article describes the findings of a small-scale survey investigating the quality of life of parents of children and adults with an intellectual disability who are availing respite care with a response rate of 38% (n = 49). The findings of the study which was conducted in 2008 on parents’ experience of respite care in an Irish setting indicated that: • Demand exceeds supply and many parents face a lengthy wait gaining access to respite care • Respite care was not necessarily associated with parental desire for an improvement in quality of life • The majority of parents reported that their quality of life was either ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ • Further studies need to be conducted to establish what services are deemed most valuable to parents Summary Two-thirds of the people registered on the Irish National Intellectual Disability Database (NIDD) reside at home with family members frequently supporting them (Kelly et al., National Intellectual Disability Database Committee Annual Report 2006, Health Research, 2007). Use of respite care services by parents with a child/adult with an intellectual disability (ID) in Ireland is growing in the context of social policy initiatives for greater social inclusion of people with disabilities. Irish parents who care for their child/adult with an ID at home are not asking for the care of their child/adult to be taken away from them, but to assist them in this role and to help them to meet the demands of personal, family, social and work life, they need to be supported with reliable, flexible and responsive services (Redmond & Richardson, J Appl Res Intellect Disabil, 2003; 16: 205–218). Parents often have to negotiate complex barriers to access support services such as respite, health or social care (Sloper, Child Care Health Dev, 1999; 25: 85–99). Chadwick et al, (Child Adolesc Ment Health 2002; 7: 66–72) suggest that respite care was primarily regarded as a service that was provided to relieve parental burdens. This article draws on a recent study that investigated the quality of life of parents of children/adults who have an intellectual disability and who are availing of respite care. The findings suggest that parents are experiencing ‘good’ to ‘excellent’ quality of life and that demand exceeds supply. More work needs to be carried out to establish what services are deemed most valuable to parents and to show how their needs can be met to the best of the Health Service Providers ability.
Rumination and Moderators of Multifinality: Predicting Internalizing Symptoms and Alcohol Use During Adolescence

Rumination, a perseverative cognitive process that involves repetitively and passively focusing on negative emotions, is a transdiagnostic risk factor for the development of psychopathology. Although rumination has been linked to various forms of psychopathology including depression, anxiety, and alcohol misuse, little is known about the conditions that lead to multifinality. Here, we test putative moderators (Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011) of the association between rumination and subsequent internalizing symptoms and frequency of alcohol use during adolescence. Participants included 388 youth (52% girls; 90% Caucasian) in a longitudinal birth cohort study who completed questionnaires in Grades 9 and 11. Brooding, a maladaptive form of rumination measured in Grade 9, was associated with greater internalizing symptoms in Grade 11 and greater perceived peer rejection in Grade 9 amplified this association. Brooding was also associated with greater frequency of alcohol use among adolescents who reported having more friends who use alcohol. Gender differences were also examined. Findings provide support for some of the predictions regarding moderators of multifinality made by Nolen-Hoeksema and Watkins. Implications of understanding divergent trajectories in the prevention of psychopathology are discussed.
Context-Specific Associations Between Harsh Parenting and Peer Rejection on Child Conduct Problems at Home and School

Although harsh parenting and peer rejection are independently associated with childhood conduct problems (CP), these patterns are often informant specific, suggesting that their associations across contexts (i.e., home and school) should be considered. In a sample of 142 children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; ages 5–10; 66% male), we used structural equation modeling to evaluate the structure of multi-informant (parent, teacher) and multimethod (semi-structured interview, questionnaire) rated aggressive, rule-breaking, and oppositional behavior. Next, we explored context-specific associations by modeling harsh parenting and peer rejection as simultaneous and independent predictors of home and school CP. We observed several key findings: (a) the structure of parent- and teacher-reported CP was best accounted by context-specific CP (i.e., home vs. school) and a second-order general CP factor; (b) harsh punishment and peer rejection each independently predicted the second-order general CP factor; and (c) peer rejection was uniquely associated with school CP, whereas harsh punishment was associated only with the second-order general CP factor and did not exhibit specificity with home CP. Whereas harsh parenting and peer rejection were each independently associated with generalized CP, peer rejection showed an additional, unique context-specific association with CP exclusively expressed at school. We discuss potential explanatory mechanisms underlying context-specific associations of CP, as well as address etiological and clinical implications for understanding informant-discrepancies in CP.
Polymorphism in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C codon 939 and aflatoxin B1–related hepatocellular carcinoma in the Guangxi population

Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may influence individual variations in DNA repair capacity, and this may be associated with the risk and outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure. In this study, we focused on the polymorphism of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) codon 939 (rs#2228001), which is involved in nucleotide excision repair. We conducted a case‐control study including 1156 HCC cases and 1402 controls without any evidence of hepatic disease to evaluate the associations between this polymorphism and HCC risk and prognosis in the Guangxi population. AFB1 DNA adduct levels, XPC genotypes, and XPC protein levels were tested with a comparative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, TaqMan polymerase chain reaction for XPC genotypes, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Higher AFB1 exposure was observed among HCC patients versus the control group [odds ratio (OR) = 9.88 for AFB1 exposure years and OR = 6.58 for AFB1 exposure levels]. The XPC codon 939 Gln alleles significantly increased HCC risk [OR = 1.25 (95% confidence interval = 1.03‐1.52) for heterozygotes of the XPC codon 939 Lys and Gln alleles (XPC‐LG) and OR = 1.81 (95% confidence interval = 1.36‐2.40) for homozygotes of the XPC codon 939 Gln alleles (XPC‐GG)]. Significant interactive effects between genotypes and AFB1 exposure status were also observed in the joint‐effects analysis. This polymorphism, moreover, was correlated with XPC expression levels in cancerous tissues (r = −0.369, P < 0.001) and with the overall survival of HCC patients (the median survival times were 30, 25, and 19 months for patients with homozygotes of the XPC codon 939 Lys alleles, XPC‐LG, and XPC‐GG, respectively), especially under high AFB1 exposure conditions. Like AFB1 exposure, the XPC codon 939 polymorphism was an independent prognostic factor influencing the survival of HCC. Additionally, this polymorphism multiplicatively interacted with the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D codon 751 polymorphism with respect to HCC risk (ORinteraction = 1.71). Conclusion: These results suggest that the XPC codon 939 polymorphism may be associated with the risk and outcome of AFB1‐related HCC in the Guangxi population and may interact with AFB1 exposure in the process of HCC induction by AFB1. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;)
Concurrent and Predictive Associations Between Infants’ and Toddlers’ Fearful Temperament, Coparenting, and Parental Anxiety Disorders

This study investigated the bidirectional relations between two dimensions of coparenting (the way parental figures cooperate in parenting), undermining and support, and child fearful temperament longitudinally from infancy to toddlerhood, while inspecting the moderating role of parents’ anxiety disorders. Questionnaire data on coparenting and child fearful temperament were obtained from 135 mothers, fathers, and their firstborns at 4 months, 12 months, and 30 months. Parental anxiety disorder severity was assessed with a semistructured interview before the birth of the child. Multilevel analysis revealed that, across measurement moments, undermining coparenting, but not supportive coparenting, was concurrently related to higher child fearful temperament. Parental anxiety disorder severity was related to more undermining coparenting but not to supportive coparenting. No moderation effects for parental anxiety disorder or for parent gender were found in the relations between coparenting and child fearful temperament. We conclude that more parental anxiety is related to a lower quality of the coparenting relationship, which in turn is associated to more child fearful temperament. More specifically, it appears that undermining coparenting, and not supportive coparenting, is related to child fearful temperament and parental anxiety disorder severity. Our results suggest that undermining coparenting, by both father and mother, is one of the mechanisms that may contribute to the intergenerational transmission of anxiety from parent to child. The coparenting relationship may be a useful target in the prevention and treatment of child anxiety.
A Retrospective Analysis of Chicken Diseases Diagnosed at The BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre of Gazipur

The pattern of occurrence of poultry diseases in commercial poultry farms was studied on post-mortem and other laboratory examinations of 3057 cases either dead or live chickens submitted for diagnosis of diseases at the BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre, Gazipur during the two years period from January 2000 to December 2001. Of the 3057 birds obtained, of which diagnosis was confirmed in 79.9% cases and 20.1% remain undiagnosed due to lack of facilities. Highest case of diseases was recorded in breeder (37.2%) followed by broiler (34.9%), and lowest in layer (27.9%) birds. The diagnosed diseases of layers included colibacillosis (7.4%), salmonellosis (25.3%), fowl cholera (7.0%), mycoplasmosis (17.7%), Newcastle disease (8.8%), Gumboro disease (12.4%), coccidiosis (7.2%), GI nematodes (4.6%), GI cestodes (0.6%), egg peritonitis (3.4%), gangrenous dermatitis (0.8%), ascites (0.7%), aspergillosis (2.6%) and omphalitis (1.5%). The broilers (34.9%) and breeders (37.2%) were more or less equally susceptible to various diseases with exception of reproductive diseases. It may be concluded from this study that all age groups and types of chickens are susceptible to various diseases but laying period is most vulnerable, and most mortality of chickens are caused by salmonellosis, colibacillosis, fowl cholera, Gumboro disease, Newcastle disease and mycoplasmosis which demand immediate attention for prevention and control in commercial poultry farms. Key words: Retrospective analysis; diseases; layers; broilers; breeders DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v1i1. 1914 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. ( 2003 ). 1 ( 1 ) : 29 - 31
Acute Rejection of Myofibers in Nonhuman Primates: Key Histopathologic Features

Abstract The aim of this study was to define the histologic features of acuterejection of myofibers, particularly in the context of therapeutic myogenic cell transplantation. Myoblasts expressing or not expressing &bgr;-galactosidase were transplanted into 13 macaques that were divided into 3 protocols: withdrawal of immunosuppression, low immunosuppression, and progressive reduction of immunosuppression. The biopsy samples were obtained from cell-grafted sites at different intervals, and cryostat sections of biopsies were analyzed. The grafts were lost in all the monkeys at different periods after transplantation depending on the protocol and in association with low blood levels of tacrolimus. In all cases, graft loss was associated with the presence of dense focal accumulations of CD8-positive and CD4-positive lymphocytes and a component of macrophages. The lymphocyte accumulations totally or partially surrounded some myofibers and often invaded them; they were mainly endomysial. These histopathologic patterns in nonhuman primates and their similarity with preliminary observations in humans may facilitate the translation of these results tothe histologic diagnosis of acute rejection of myofibersin human clinical trials of myogenic cell transplantation and probably gene therapy.
Exposure to Community Violence and the Trajectory of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in a Sample of Low-Income Urban Youth

This study examined trajectories of psychopathology in a sample of low-income urban youth and tested exposure to community violence as a predictor of these trajectories. Self-report and parent-report survey measures of psychological problems and exposure to community violence were collected annually over 3 years from a sample of 364 fifth- to ninth-grade low-income urban youth (64% female; 95% youth of color). Linear growth models showed that youth experienced declines in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms across adolescence. Exposure to community violence was more strongly associated with externalizing symptoms than with internalizing symptoms but predicted declines in both types of symptoms. Results also indicated that youth reported more internalizing and externalizing symptoms than their parents reported for them. Exposure to community violence may explain unique trajectories of mental health problems among low-income urban youth. In addition, youth efforts to adopt a tough façade in the face of community violence could lead to higher rates of externalizing problems relative to internalizing problems, whereas desensitization processes may better explain reductions in both types of symptoms over time. Finally, youth report may be more valid than parent report in the context of urban poverty.
Spinal manipulation for the early management of persistent non‐specific low back pain – a critique of the recent NICE guidelines

The recent NICE guidelines for the early management of chronic back pain recommend 'offering a course of manual therapy including spinal manipulation, comprising up to a maximum of nine sessions over a period of up to 12 weeks' (1). Even before the document was published, the President of the 'British Chiropractic Association' wrote to all chief executives of English Primary Care Trusts (2). In this letter, he pointed out that NICE had 'assessed the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of available treatments' and suggested that a 'wider provision of spinal manipulative therapy services by the NHS could be achieved by contracting with chiropractors currently working within the private sector' (2).
Interaction Behaviors of Bilingual Parents With Their Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Given concerns that bilingual exposure might confuse children with disabilities—including autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—bilingual parents may restrict exposure to one language, often the community-dominant language. We investigated a potential consequence of this decision; the possibility that non-native language use might influence parental communicative behaviors during interaction with the child. We recruited 39 parent–child dyads, each with a young child with ASD (mostly boys) and parent/carer (mostly mothers). Parents were either monolingual speakers of community-dominant English (n = 20) or bilingual with English as the second language (n = 19). We confirmed our assumption that the latter group would have significantly poorer non-native English language via standardized assessment of expressive vocabulary, and ensured children were matched on age, ASD symptoms, and developmental level. We sampled parent–child interaction—including in each of bilinguals’ native and non-native languages—and coded parents’ amount and complexity of speech, communicative synchrony, and imitations and expansions of their child’s speech. Few differences presented across bilingual parents’ native versus non-native language samples, but this group showed reduced synchrony and use of expansions compared to monolinguals. Further, bilinguals’ English-language knowledge was associated with self-reported comfort using this language and with two coded interaction measures. These empirical data only partially support qualitative accounts that non-native language use may influence bilingual parents’ interaction behaviors with their young children. With growing rates of ASD diagnosis and increasing cultural/linguistic diversity around the world, further dedicated clinical and experimental attention to this issue is clearly warranted.
Socioeconomic Status, Amygdala Volume, and Internalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

The associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, amygdala volume, and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents are unclear and understudied in the extant literature. In this study, we examined associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and amygdala volume by age across childhood and adolescence to test whether socioeconomic disadvantage would be associated with larger amygdala volume at younger ages but with smaller amygdala volume at older ages. We then examined whether SES and amygdala volume were associated with children’s levels of anxiety and depression. Participants were 3- to 21-year-olds from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics study (N = 1,196), which included structural magnetic resonance imaging. A subsample (n = 327; 7–21 years of age) completed self-report measures of anxiety and depression. Lower family income and parental education were significantly associated with smaller amygdala volume in adolescence (13–21 years) but not significantly associated with amygdala volume at younger ages (3–12 years). Lower parental education, but not family income, was significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, even after accounting for family history of anxiety/depression. Smaller amygdala volume was significantly associated with higher levels of depression, even after accounting for parental education and family history of anxiety/depression. These findings suggest that associations between SES and amygdala structure may vary by age. In addition, smaller amygdala volume may be linked with an increased risk for depression in children and adolescents.
Parental Perspectives in Cases of Suspected Child Abuse

Hedy Cleaver, Pam Freeman HMSO, £22, pp 178 ISBN 0 11 321786 2 In suspected child abuse the interaction between those who investigate it and the parents is fraught with problems. Some readers of Parental Perspectives in Cases of Suspected Child Abuse may feel that it does not tell them anything they haven't experienced already. But the subject is worthy of detailed exploration. Regardless of the type of allegation that is being made, the initial response of most parents is to conclude that social services …