Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investors’ Reactions to Company Advertisements: The Persuasive Effect of Product-Featuring Ads

Purpose – This article aims to focus on product-featuring advertising targeted to stock investors – that is, ads that provide investors with impressions about the company’s products, over and above financial information. The purpose is to explicate and test the psychological mechanisms by which such ads may exert influence on investors. Design/methodology/approach – An experiment is conducted with a representative sample of real investors, to test the effect and explore the underlying mechanisms. Two additional laboratory experiments reveal moderating factors of this effect. Findings – The results show that highlighting the company’s product features in an investor ad increases investors’ interest in investing in the company’s stock, by enhancing investors’ subjective evaluations of the company’s products. This effect emerges independent of factors related to preexisting brand perceptions (e.g. brand recognizability and likeability) and is mediated by dual causal channels: by increasing expectations about.
Plea-Bargaining and Prosecution

Criminal Law and Economics applies economic theory to explain crime, law enforcement, criminal law and criminal procedure. This pathbreaking book draws together sixteen chapters by leading scholars in the field, summarizing theoretical and empirical work researched to date on criminal law and economics. The topics range from private and public enforcement of the law, criminal procedure and regulation to terrorism, cyber crime and tax evasion. The expert contributors also cover the political economy of criminal law as well as behavioral criminal law and economics.
Differentiation of the Subspecies of Campylobacter fetus by Genomic Sizing

Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis are currently differentiated by tolerance to glycine and by their epidemiology. Analysis of C. fetus DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, after digestion with the restriction endonucleases Smd and SaA, was used to differentiate between the subspecies. All strains presently identified as C. fetus subsp. fetus had a genomic size of 1.1 Mb, whereas the majority of the C. fetus subsp. venerealis strains had a genomic size of 1.3 Mb. An additional group of strains, which were previously described as C. fetus subsp. venereaZis biovar “intermedius” and were able to tolerate higher concentrations of glycine than the rest of the C. fetus subsp. venerealis strains, had an average genome size of 1.5 Mb. We suggest that pulsed-field gel electrophoresis may be useful as an additional aid in the differentiation of C. fetus strains at the subspecies level.
DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS

There has been a long-standing debate on the question of whether or not electric currents in solar active regions are neutralized. That is, whether or not the main (or direct) coronal currents connecting the active region polarities are surrounded by shielding (or return) currents of equal total value and opposite direction. Both theory and observations are not yet fully conclusive regarding this question, and numerical simulations have, surprisingly, barely been used to address it. Here we quantify the evolution of electric currents during the formation of a bipolar active region by considering a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the emergence of a sub-photospheric, current-neutralized magnetic flux rope into the solar atmosphere. We find that a strong deviation from current neutralization develops simultaneously with the onset of significant flux emergence into the corona, accompanied by the development of substantial magnetic shear along the active region's polarity inversion line. After the region has formed and flux emergence has ceased, the strong magnetic fields in the region's center are connected solely by direct currents, and the total direct current is several times larger than the total return current. These results suggest that active regions, the main sources of coronal mass ejections and flares, are born with substantial net currents, in agreement with recent observations. Furthermore, they support eruption models that employ pre-eruption magnetic fields containing such currents.
Antimicrobial dressings

• Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. • Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (? ) • Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.
A combined prosodic and linguistic treatment approach for language-communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorders: A proof of concept study

This study aimed to determine whether the use of prosodically varied speech within a traditional language therapy framework had any effect on the listening skills, pragmatic skills and social interaction behaviour of three children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A single participant multiple baseline design across behaviours was implemented. Three participants with ASD were selected for this research. The listening skills, pragmatic skills and social interaction behaviour of the participants were compared before treatment, after a 3-week period of treatment and after a 2-week withdrawal period from treatment, utilising prosodically varied speech within a traditional language therapy approach. Statistical significance was not calculated for each individual due to the limited data, but visual inspection indicated that all the participants showed positive behavioural changes in performance across all areas after 3 weeks of treatment, independent of their pre-treatment performance level. The use of prosodically varied speech within a traditional language therapy framework appears to be a viable form of treatment for children with ASD.
SEARCHING FOR TROJAN ASTEROIDS IN THE HD 209458 SYSTEM: SPACE-BASED MOST PHOTOMETRY AND DYNAMICAL MODELING

We have searched Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars (MOST) satellite photometry obtained in 2004, 2005, and 2007 of the solar-type star HD 209458 for Trojan asteroid swarms dynamically coupled with the system's transiting “hot Jupiter” HD 209458b. Observations of the presence and nature of asteroids around other stars would provide unique constraints on migration models of exoplanetary systems. Our results set an upper limit on the optical depth of Trojans in the HD 209458 system that can be used to guide current and future searches of similar systems by upcoming missions. Using cross-correlation methods with artificial signals implanted in the data, we find that our detection limit corresponds to a relative Trojan transit depth of 1 ×10−4, equivalent to ∼1 lunar mass of asteroids, assuming power-law Trojan size distributions similar to Jupiter's Trojans in our solar system. We confirm with dynamical interpretations that some asteroids could have migrated inward with the planet to its current orbit at 0.045 AU, and that the Yarkovsky effect is ineffective at eliminating objects of >1 m in size. However, using numerical models of collisional evolution we find that, due to high relative speeds in this confined Trojan environment, collisions destroy the vast majority of the asteroids in <10 Myr. Our modeling indicates that the best candidates to search for exoTrojan swarms in 1:1 mean resonance orbits with “hot Jupiters” are young systems (ages of about 1 Myr or less). Years of Kepler satellite monitoring of such a system could detect an asteroid swarm with a predicted transit depth of 3 × 10−7.
A Slope-based Method for Matching Elevation Surfaces

A method is presented for the co-registration of overlapping elevation surfaces based on local slope analysis. Comparison and statistical analysis of local slope versus local elevation difference between overlapping surfaces allows for the estimation of both vertical and horizontal offsets between the two surfaces. This method is then used to re-align the flightlines of a Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) dataset collected in southern Idaho resulting in a dataset with significantly higher accuracy than the original. The relative horizontal accuracy is doubled, with a final value of approximately 25 to 30 cm, while the relative vertical accuracy is improved by several centimeters to a final value of approximately 6 to 7 cm.
1 mRNA transcriptome of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) early embryos from farmed and wild broodstocks

A number of efforts have been made to elucidate factors regulating egg quality in fish. Recently, we have shown that eggs originating from wild broodstock (WB) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are of superior quality to those derived from farmed broodstock (FB), and this is associated with differences in chemical composition of egg yolk. However, non-yolk cytoplasmic components accumulated during oogenesis, such as maternal transcripts, have not been studied extensively in fish. The aim of the present study was to characterize putative maternal mRNA transcriptome in fertilized eggs of Atlantic cod, and to compare transcript pools between WB and FB in order to investigate the relation between egg developmental potential and putative maternal mRNA deposits. We performed high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing. For each WB and FB groups, five cDNA libraries were individually tagged and sequenced, resulting in 98,687 (WB) and 119,333 (FB) average reads per library. Sequencing reads were de novo assembled, annotated, and mapped. Out of 13,726 identified isotigs, 238 were differentially expressed between WB and FB, with 155 isotigs significantly upregulated (P<0.05; fold change ≥2.0) in WB. The sequence reads were mapped to 11,340 different Atlantic cod transcripts and 158 sequences were differentially expressed between the two groups. Important transcripts involved in fructose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation were differentially represented between the two broodstock groups, showing potential as biomarkers of egg quality in teleosts. Our findings contribute to the hypothesis that maternal mRNAs affect the egg quality and, consequently, early development of fish.
SELF CONSISTENT MODEL FOR THE EVOLUTION OF ECCENTRIC MASSIVE BLACK HOLE BINARIES IN STELLAR ENVIRONMENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATIONS

We construct evolutionary tracks for massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) embedded in a surrounding distribution of stars. The dynamics of the binary is evolved by taking into account the erosion of the central stellar cusp bound to the massive black holes, the scattering of unbound stars feeding the binary loss cone, and the emission of gravitational waves (GWs). Stellar dynamics is treated in a hybrid fashion by coupling the results of numerical three-body scattering experiments of bound and unbound stars to an analytical framework for the evolution of the stellar density distribution and for the efficiency of the binary loss-cone refilling. Our main focus is on the behavior of the binary eccentricity, in the attempt of addressing its importance in the merger process and its possible impact for GW detection with the planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), and ongoing and forthcoming pulsar timing array (PTA) campaigns. We produce a family of evolutionary tracks extensively sampling the relevant parameters of the system which are the binary mass, mass ratio and initial eccentricity, the slope of the stellar density distribution, its normalization and the efficiency of loss-cone refilling. We find that, in general, stellar dynamics causes a dramatic increase of the MBHB eccentricity, especially for initially already mildly eccentric and/or unequal mass binaries. This affects the overall system dynamics; high eccentricities enhance the efficiency of GW emission, accelerating the final coalescence process. When applied to standard MBHB population models, our results predict eccentricities in the ranges 10−3–0.2 and 0.03–0.3 for sources detectable by LISA and PTA, respectively. Such figures may have a significant impact on the signal modeling, on source detection, and on the development of parameter estimation algorithms.
Subsidizing Innovation and Production

This paper studies the interaction between production subsidies and innovation subsidies. We develop a model which allows us to calculate the socially optimal subsidies (and how they vary with changes in the economic environment), and to understand how firms react to each type of subsidy. In a three-stage game, the government chooses production and innovation subsidies in the first stage to maximize welfare in the presence of a shadow cost of public funds; two firms invest in cost-reducing RD and the two firms compete in quantities in the last stage. We find that production subsidies crowd out innovation, since they reduce the gain for firms from investing in R&D. On the other hand, providing a production subsidy reduces the cost of the innovation subsidy, and vice versa. The optimal production subsidy is U-shaped with respect to spillovers, while the innovation subsidy is increasing in spillovers. The production subsidy is higher for very low spillovers, while the innovation subsidy is higher for moderate/high spillovers. In equilibrium, because of the innovation subsidy, R&D increases with spillovers, and so does welfare. Optimal subsidies increase with research costs and with the slope of inverse demand, and have an inverted-U shape with respect to initial costs and demand height. We also consider the case of a financially constrained government, as well as the case of a uniform subsidy to production and innovation costs.
Relativity and Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom

This work continues our previous works on electron deep orbits of the hydrogen atom. An introduction shows the importance of the deep orbits of hydrogen (H or D) for research in the LENR domain, and gives some general considerations on the Electron Deep Orbits (EDOs). In a first part we quickly recall the known criticism against the EDO and how we face it. In particular, a solution to fix all problems is to consider a modified Coulomb potential with finite value inside the nucleus. For this reason, we deeply analyzed the specific work of Maly and Va’vra on deep orbits as solutions of the Dirac equation, with such a modified Coulomb potential without singular point. Then, by using a more complete ansatz, we made numerous computations on the wavefunctions of these EDOs, allowing to confirm the approximate size of the mean radii of orbits and to find further properties. Moreover, we observed that the essential element for obtaining deep orbits solutions is special relativity. At a first glance, this fact results from an obvious algebraic property of the expression of energy levels obtained by the relativistic equations. Now, a comparative analysis of the relativistic and of the non-relativistic Schrodinger equation allows us to affirm that Special Relativity leads to the existence of EDOs because of the non-linear form of the relativistic expression for the total energy, which implies a relativistic non-linear correction to the Coulomb potential
Smooth Breaks and Nonlinear Mean Reversion: Post-Bretton Woods Real Exchange Rates

The recent literature on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) has emphasized the role of two phenomena that may lead to the rejection of the PPP hypothesis: structural breaks and nonlinear adjustment induced by transaction costs. These two hypotheses are analyzed separately in the literature. We develop tests for unit roots that account jointly for structural breaks and nonlinear adjustment. Structural breaks are modeled by means of a Fourier function that allows for infrequent smooth temporary mean changes and is hence compatible with long-run PPP. Nonlinear adjustment is modeled by means of an ESTAR model. Our tests present good finite sample properties. The tests are applied to a set of 15 OECD countries’ RERs and are able to reject the null of a unit root in 14 cases. The breaks are usually associated with the great appreciation and later depreciation of the dollar in the 1980s and the ESTAR adjustment appears to play an important role.
The Cranial Nerves of Mabuya quinquetaeniata III :

The present study deals with the nervus trigeminus of Mabuya quinquetaeniata. The results showed that the nervus trigeminus has one root, and two separate ganglia, a maxillomandibular ganglion and an ophthalmic one. The maxillomandibular ganglion is continuous with the ophthalmic ganglion. The lateral part of the ventromedial division of the trigeminal root gives off the anguli oris nerve and nerves to the adductor mandibularis externus and the pseudotemporalis muscles. The constrictor dorsalis nerve innervates the protractor pterygoideus, levator pterygoideus, and depressor palpbrae inferioris muscles. It has no anastomosis with ramus palatinus of the nervus facialis. The ramus frontalis is connected with the lacrimal plexus. The ramus nasalis anastomoses with the ethmoidal ganglion and divides into its to rami lateralis and medialis nasi within the nasal capsule. The ramus maxillaris gives off lacrimal and temporal branches in the postorbital region. In the orbital region, it is termed infraorbital nerve and gives off a nerve to the Harderian gland, the supralabial gland and the upper teeth. It fuses with the ramus palatinus lateralis of the nervus facialis. It receives an anastomosing branch from the ramus palatines medialis and fuses with the ramus palatines intermedialis for a short distance. It carries ganglionic cells at the point of fusion. It enters the maxilla as superior alveolar nerve and gives off nerve to the narial muscles. The ramus mandibularis gives off nerves to the pseudotemporalis and pterygomandibularis muscles. It gives off the ramus cutaneous recurrens and then enters the primordial canal as the inferior alveolar nerve, where it gives off a mixed nerve and a sensory one and then receives the chorda tympani (N.VII). The mixed nerve (the inferior alveolar nerve + chorda tympani) gives rise to the rami intermandibularis oralis, intermandibularis medius (ramus paralingualis) and intermandibularis caudalis. The ramus intermandibularis medius is connected with the ramus lingualis lateralis (N.XII). The ramus intermandibularis caudalis gives motor fibres to the intermandibularis muscle. [Abdel-Kader, T. G. ; Ali, R. S. and Ibrahim, N. M. The Cranial Nerves of Mabuya quinquetaeniata III: Nervus Trigeminus ] Life Science Journal, 2011; 8(4):650-669] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com.
The Habits and Adaptation of the 0 ligocene Saber Tooth Carnivore

_________________________________________ _ Introduction ______________________________________ _ Habits and adaptation of Recent Felidae _____________ _ Predation _____________________________________ _ Panther a _______________________________ -_-J? elis ________ -----------------------------Acinonyx _________________________________ _ Cranial variation ______________________________ _ Dentition _____________________________________ _ Structure of the limbs __________________________ _ The structure of I-lo1Jlophone·us ______________________ _ General characters _____________________________ _ Page 125 125 126 126 126 126 127 127 127 128 128 128 Page The structure of Hoplophoneus-Continued Range of variation______________________________ 128 Cranial characters_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 Hoplophoneus primaevus primaevus Leidy______ 129 I-1 oplophoneus primaevus latidens Thorpe_______ 130 Dentition _____________________________________ . ; 130 AJdal skeleton_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 Appendicular skeleton___________________________ 131 Mode of life of I-loplophoneus_________________________ 132 Comparison of Smilodon and Hoplophoneus_____________ 133 References cited____________________________________ 135
1 BANK MARKET POWER AND SME FINANCING CONSTRAINTS

Theoretical models of lending and industrial organization theory predict that firm access to credit depends critically on bank market structure. However, empirical studies offer mixed results. Some studies find that higher concentration is associated with higher credit availability consistent with the information hypothesis that less competitive banks have more incentive to invest in soft information. Other empirical studies, however, find support for the market power hypothesis that credit rationing is higher in less competitive bank markets. This study tests these two competing hypotheses by employing for the first time a competition indicator from the Industrial Organization literature – the Lerner index – as an alternative to traditional measures of concentration. We test the information and the market power hypotheses using alternative measures and firm borrowing constraints. We find that the results are sensitive to the choice between IO margins and traditional concentration measures. In particular, the HHI seems to support the information hypothesis while the Lerner index supports the market power hypothesis. The Lerner index, however, is found to be a more consistent indicator of market power across different measures of financing constraints. Moreover, the Lerner index is found to exhibit the larger marginal effect on the probability that a firm is financially constrained among a large set of firm level, bank market and environmental control variables. Our results are robust to alternative measures of financial constraints and cast doubt on the validity of relying on concentration measures as proxies of competition in corporate lending relationships (247 words). Corresponding author: Gregory F. Udell, Finance Department, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, 1309 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405-1701, USA e-mail address: gudell@indiana.edu _________________________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors thank the Spanish Savings Banks Foundation (Funcas) for financial support. We thank comments from Allen Berger, Tim Hannan and Joaquin Maudos. We also thank comments from Tony Saunders, José Manuel Campa, Hans Degryse and other participants in the I Fall Workshop on Economics held in Granada in October 2005.
Title Life satisfaction , positive youth development , and problembehaviour among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong

This paper examines the relationships among life satisfaction, positive youth development, and problem behaviour. A total of 7,975 Secondary One students (4,169 boys and 3,387 girls; with most aged 12) of Chinese ethnicity recruited from 48 schools responded to validated measures of life satisfaction, positive youth development and problem behaviour. While life satisfaction was positively correlated with different measures of positive youth development, these measures were negatively correlated with measures of substance abuse, delinquency and intention to engage in problem behaviour. Based on a series of structural equation models, a non-recursive model was found to best fit the data, which suggests that adolescents having higher levels of positive youth development are more satisfied with life and have fewer problem behaviour, with life satisfaction and problem behaviour negatively reinforcing each other.