Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of continued nitrogen enrichment on greenhouse gas emissions from a wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China: A 5 year nitrogen addition experiment

Mounting evidence supports that wetland ecosystems, one of the largest carbon pools on the earth, are exposed to ample nitrogen (N) additions due to atmospheric deposition or N loading from upstream agricultural fertilizer application. However, our understanding of how N enrichment affects the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in wetlands is weak. A 5 year N addition experiment was conducted to examine the responses of CH4 and N2O fluxes as well as ecosystem respiration from wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, through 2005 to 2009. Four levels of N addition (control, 0 kg N ha−1 yr−1; low‐level, 60 kg N ha−1 yr−1; medium‐level, 120 kg N ha−1 yr−1; high‐level, 240 kg N ha−1 yr−1) were designed in this study. Overall, our results show that medium and high levels of N addition increased ecosystem respiration by 28% and 69% (P < 0.05), respectively, while low‐level N addition has no effect on ecosystem respiration (P > 0.05). High‐level N fertilization exerted stronger effects on ecosystem respiration in the initial year than the following years. It indicated that the effects of high‐level N fertilization on CO2 might be overestimated by short‐term observations. High‐level N fertilization increased N2O emissions by 396% over the 5 years (P < 0.05), but the low‐ and medium‐level‐N addition did not exert any apparent effect on N2O emissions (P > 0.05). N2O emission under high‐level N addition in the first and fifth years showed stronger pronounced responses to N addition compared with that from the third and fourth years, indicating the importance of long‐term field observation. Over the 5 years, however, the low and medium‐level N addition showed no effect on N2O emissions. The four levels of N addition exerted no effect on CH4 emissions (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between GHGs and soil temperature or water table depth varied among different plots and experimental time. Our findings highlighted the importance of gas species, experimental time, and the amount of fertilizer N with regard to the responses of GHG emissions to N fertilization.
An Information Behaviour Approach to Conspiracy Theories: Listening in on Voices from Within the Vaccination Debate

Introduction. We report on a research study that uses the vaccination debate as a case to understand the information worlds of conspiracy theories. We pay specific attention to the information behaviours of the believers of anti-vaccination theories through self-reports of people who have since converted to pro-vaccination and examine the circumstances under which this belief revision occurred. Method. We used publicly available data, mainly from a curated portal for personal blogs where converts from anti-vaccination to pro-vaccination post the stories of their information journeys. Analysis. Text from blog posts about the personal experiences from twelve different individuals on the topic were manually coded and analysed by two researchers using content analysis, and informed by a constructive grounded theory approach. Results. All twelve individuals moved from a paradigm of passionate belief in antivaccination, primarily based on online and social media information, and toward a more informed understanding, only when the issue affected them in a very personal manner. This prompted them to seek authoritative information from a healthcare professional, after which they shed their fears and reservations about vaccines, and proceeded to vaccinate their children. Conclusion. People trust their primary health care professionals, but they do not often hear such trusted and authoritative voices on social media and the Internet, which has become the first point of information seeking for many. Social media and many other open online forums
Building the High Growth Venture: An Exploratory Study on How to Build a High Growth Venture

Entrepreneurship is said to be the answer for job creation, but little explanation is offered on how to perform entrepreneurship. This thesis aims to reduce the gap by exploring how a high growth venture can be built. In this paper the entrepreneurial process was explored through a comparative case study, examining five entrepreneurs who have repeatedly built successful ventures. First and foremost, this paper found that it is possible to create a model giving practical advice on how to build a high growth venture. The paper found that the goal of the model was to find a product market fit, meaning that the product being sold was bought. But fit was found to exist in various degrees. For high growth ventures two factors of fit were commonly found optimized. They had one, a repeatable and scalable business model which delivered high value for customers. And two, a definition of the tiniest possible product which could be sold. In total these two factors were found to maximize margins which gave profit to fuel growth. The model for building a high growth venture was found to optimize the fit in an iterative process revolving around the customer. When a sufficient fit was found the venture changed from performing exploration to exploitation of the fit, which meant high growth given a good enough fit.
The effects of habitat type and nitrogen deposition on the invasion of Hydrocotyle vulgaris in wetland plant communities

Biological invasions can have strong negative impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Water level and nitrogen deposition are important factors that can affect plant invasions in wetlands. Hydrocotyle vulgaris of the Apiaceae family is a perennial herb introduced to China that can be established and multiplied rapidly in a variety of habitats. Although it is considered highly invasive, few studies have tested the effects of habitat and nitrogen deposition on invasion by H. vulgaris. We designed a greenhouse experiment to test the following hypotheses: nitrogen deposition promotes invasion by H. vulgaris in both flooded and unflooded habitats; and invasion by H. vulgaris affects the growth of native plants in both flooded and unflooded habitats. Four perennial, herbaceous species were selected to measure the competitive effect of H. vulgaris in wetland communities:Pontederia cordata, Acorus calamus, Iris wilsonii, and Myriophyllum aquaticum. These are among the most common species that co⁃exist with H. vulgaris in the XiXi National Wetlands Park. We assessed two levels of invasion by H. vulgaris (present or absent) with two levels of flooding (water levels of 0 cm [not flooded] and 15 cm [flooded]) and two levels of nitrogen deposition (0 and 15 g N / m as NH4NO3). We measured the stem length, leaf area, numbers of leaves and nodes, and relative dominance of H. vulgaris; and the biomass and diversity of the other four plant
Study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Gram positive organisms causing UTI in a tertiary care hospital in eastern region of Nepal

Background : Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most important cause of mortality and morbidity affecting all age groups with an estimated 150 million cases occurring globally per year. Resistance to antibiotics is highly prevalent in bacterial isolates causing UTI. Objectives : To observe the isolation of gram positive bacteria causing UTIs and determine their resistance pattern to antibiotics. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in BPKIHS from August 2009- August 2010. A total of 11022 urine samples from patients who visited BPKIHS were analyzed. All specimens were inoculated on routine culture media. Bacterial isolates were identified by conventional bacteriological methods. Susceptibility testing was performed by standard methods as recommended by clinical laboratory standard institute. Results: A total of 459 gram positive uropathogens were isolated. Altogether 5 different gram positive bacteria were isolated among which Staphylococcus aureus (47%) was the most predominant organism followed by Enterococcus species (34%), Enterococcus faecalis (18%), and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (1%). UTI caused by gram positive uropathogens was seen in 68.8% females as compared to 31.2% males. Multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates accounted for 308 out of 459 isolates (67.10%). Multidrug resistance was commonest with Enterococcus spp (71.5%) followed by Streptococcus spp (66.6%). Drugs, which retained usefulness for Gram-positive isolates were vancomycin, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Conclusion : The study revealed that bacterial resistance in gram positive uropathogens in tertiary hospital in eastern region continues to be a great problem. So, regular monitoring of emergence of resistance is highly recommended and specific antibiotics should be given only after the laboratory results are available. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 119-124 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/hren.v11i2. 8218
An Experimental Study of an Over-the-Counter Market

We study experimentally an over-the-counter (OTC) market mechanism that distinguishes itself from the standard double-auction (DA) mechanism by an important informational feature: in the DA setting traders post their bids and asks publicly, while in our OTC market each agent looks for the best counterpart through bilateral and private offers, and only the prices of closed transactions are made public. Although in many actual markets negotiations and transactions occur on a private, bilateral basis, OTC markets have not been previously studied in the experimental literature. We find that the lack of public information that characterizes our OTC mechanism with respect to a DA mechanism induces an efficiency loss. We also show that this efficiency loss is due to the fact that, in the OTC mechanism, closing prices converge to a price below the competitive price and the traded quantity is lower than the competitive quantity. This situation generates the so-called intra-marginal inefficiency. Finally, we investigate the efficiency and convergence properties of the OTC mechanism when demand or supply shocks modify the competitive equilibrium. Among other things, we show that shocks increasing the competitive quantity improve the OTC’s efficiency, and we clarify the causes of this phenomenon. JEL classification: C92, D41, D47, D83.
Neutron-rich Helium isotopes based on hyperspherical harmonics

We present recent results for neutron-rich Helium isotopes obtained from the hyperspherical harmonics method. Ground-state properties, like the binding energy and the point-proton radius are shown for the two-neutron halo nucleus 6He using two-body low-momentum interactions derived from chiral forces. The applicability of the method to the four-neutron halo nucleus 8He is discussed. As an excited-state observable we present a recent calculation of the nuclear electric polarizability of $^6$He from a semi-realistic potential. A comparison of the calculated quantities to experimental data is performed.
Limit state analysis of hemispherical domes with finite friction

While it is recognised that often masonry vaulted structures fails by way of sliding, because this condition involves violation of the normality rule for plastic analysis, most of the ex- isting procedures assume that sliding is prevented by sufficiently high friction at the interface be- tween blocks or voussoirs and that failure is achieved by relative rotation of blocks. The inclusion of the sliding mechanism poses the problem of the uniqueness of the solution found applying standard limit -state analysis procedures. The paper first provides a simple proof of the unique- ness based on the condition of symmetry and equilibrium for domes with general load conditions. The proof of the unique solution allows a straightforward treatment of this class of problems as one of standard limit-state analysis. On these bases a computer procedure, using a lower bound approach, has been developed to de- fine the condition of stability of such structures. Particularly for domes this procedure leads to determine admissible membrane surfaces within the thickness.
Potential Predictability of Summer Mean Precipitation in a Dynamical Seasonal Prediction System with Systematic Error Correction

Potential predictability of summer mean precipitation over the globe is investigated using data obtained from seasonal prediction experiments for 21 yr from 1979 to 1999 using the Korea Meteorological Administration‐ Seoul National University (KMA‐SNU) seasonal prediction system. This experiment is a part of the Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CLIVAR) Seasonal Model Intercomparison Project II (SMIP II). The observed SSTs are used for the external boundary condition of the model integration; thus, the present study assesses the upper limit of predictability of the seasonal prediction system. The analysis shows that the tropical precipitation is largely controlled by the given SST condition and is thus predictable, particularly in the ENSO region. But the extratropical precipitation is less predictable due to the large contribution of the internal atmospheric processes to the seasonal mean. The systematic error of the ensemble mean prediction is particularly large in the subtropical western Pacific, where the air‐sea interaction is active and thus the two-tier approach of the present prediction experiment is not appropriate for correct predictions in the region. The statistical postprocessing method based on singular value decomposition corrects a large part of the systematic errors over the globe. In particular, about two-thirds of the total errors in the western Pacific are corrected by the postprocessing method. As a result, the potential predictability of the summer-mean precipitation is greatly enhanced over most of the globe by the statistical correction method; the 21-yr-averaged patterncorrelation value between the predictions and their observed counterparts is changed from 0.31 before the correction to 0.48 after the correction for the global domain and from 0.04 before the correction to 0.26 after the correction for the Asian monsoon and the western Pacific region.
Some biological aspects of Spotted Flounder Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea )

In this study, some biological features of spotted flounder Citharus linguatula (L.,1758) were investigated from Izmir Bay. 2555 specimens were captured with bottom trawl net by R/V Egesuf between January 2005-May 2006. It is determined that the samples of population distributed between I-VI age groups. Minimal, maximal and mean total length were established as 9.1cm, 23.9 cm and 15.90±0.096 cm, respectively. Minimal, maximal and mean weights were found as 5.02g, 105.34g and 32.06±0.61g, respectively. The weight-length relationships and von Bertalanffy growth equations were calculated as W=0.005*L 3.14 , r= 0.98, L t = 27.38 * [1-e -0.2142 (t+1.6353) ].
Contemporary Developments in Behavioral Finance

Investors need not be rational for markets to be efficient. The axiom of efficient market hypothesis that it is not possible to earn excess profits because the available information gets factored in instantaneously fell flat due to influence of human behavior on the investment process. Exuberance of investors escalates asset values unduly on the back of financial irrationality. The intersection of human behavior and the investment decisions has since evolved as “behavioral finance. ” Research demonstrates that investment decision-making process is more human than analytical, owing to behavioral biases. Recent studies in prospect theory and heuristic decision-making process focused more on investor behavior causing market anomalies. At a time when irrational behavior is demonstrated not only in security markets but also in other markets such as property, bullion and commodities, this paper explores the contemporary research in behavioral finance.
Scientific Investigation of the Saint Elijah's Icon from Dragus Village, Brasov County for its Preservation and Restoration

The Saint Elijah's glass icon was investigated by FTIR and mass spectrometry methods for identifying the painting materials in order to preserve and restore it. The glass icon was realized in fatty tempera with egg yolk and vegetal oil was used as binder. The painting materials are as follows: red (lead minium), blue (Prussian blue), green (Prussian blue+ massicot), white (ZnO and lead white), yellow (massicot lead yellow, PbO), gypsum and Ca carbonate as color diluents.
The geomagnetic field intensity in New Zealand : Palaeointensities from Holocene lava flows of the Tongariro Volcanic Centre

Very few absolute palaeointensity data exist from Holocene-aged rocks in New Zealand. Here we present a new suite of high-quality palaeointensities, supported by detailed rock magnetic investigations. Samples from 23 sites representing 10 distinct eruptive units of the Tongariro Volcanic Centre, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, were studied. Both traditional double heating and microwave palaeointensity methods were employed. The reliability of the palaeointensity data varies with rock magnetic properties of the samples, corresponding, in particular, to their positions within the lava flows. The highest success rates are from samples obtained from near the flow tops where a significant proportion of the remanence unblocked at intermediate temperatures (200-350 °C). By contrast, samples from flow centres, particularly the parts showing platey fracturing, have the lowest success rates. Reliable, high-quality palaeointensity results ranging from 32.4 ± 5.1 μT to 72.1 ± 4.7 μT were obtained from six flows with ages between c. 12 800 yr BP and the present. These correspond to virtual dipole moments that increase from 52 ± 10 ZAm2 in the early Holocene and peak at 112 ± 14 ZAm2 about 300 yr ago. The data agree well with calibrated relative palaeointensities from New Zealand lake sediments. The volcanic and sedimentary data together yield a Holocene virtual axial dipole moment curve that fits the global average variation well in the early Holocene, but which differs significantly in recent millennia. This difference is associated with recent migration of the southern high latitude core-mantle boundary flux lobe towards New Zealand, as is seen in global field models. (Less)
Effectiveness of bio-fertilizers with organic matter on the growth, yield and nutrient content of onion (Allium cepa L.) plants

The present investigation was conducted during two successive seasons (2011 and 2012) to optimize the use of cattle manures at rates of 10, 20 and 40 ton fed -1 with or without bio-fertilizer (nitrobeine). Obtained results proved that all the tested vegetative growth parameters (fresh and dry weight of bulb and leaves, bulb diameter and plant length) were significant improved by increasing organic matter levels combination with bio-fertilizer (cattle manure + nitrobeine). Moreover, the highest values were obtained from the application of using organic cattle manure 20 ton fed -1 + nitrobeine in chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids by 0.187, 0.106, 0.293 and 0.132, respectively. Also, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, potassium and sodium uptake of bulb and leaves tissues as follows: (8.86, 1.56, 7.72 and 1.44 kg fed -1 ) and (5.21, 0.40, 4.94 and 0.88 kg fed -1 ), respectively. As well as, protein content recorded highest significant values in Onion plants.
"This can't happen here!" Community Reactions to School Shootings in Finland

The recent school shootings in Jokela and in Kauhajoki received immediate worldwide media coverage on mass violence in a welfare society. This article examines community response to these incidents. We have gathered comparable survey data from the local communities Jokela (N=330) and Kauhajoki (N=319). Both surveys were conducted approximately six months after the shootings, and they represent local adult populations. With these data, we analyse the reactions of local residents to the shootings. We focus on questions such as whether the shootings were considered isolated tragedies or not, and whether they could have been prevented or not. The article considers what implications these recent critical incidents may have for Finland as a Nordic welfare society.
Wildlife Conservation and Land Development Risk in Virginia, USA

There is rich literature in reserve site selection for wildlife conservation, but little has investigated the spatial correlation of risks presented by hazards. This paper contributes to the literature by applying the modeling framework developed in Busby et al. (2011), which incorporates spatially correlated risk into the reserve site selection problem, to a Virginia landscape where fine-scale species data is available. In this context, we consider both homogeneous and heterogeneous on-site land development risks. Finally, we apply a budget constraint to our maximal covering species problem to investigate how land cost impacts optimal reserve design and the level of species protection. Using fine-scale species data in the analysis, we identify the types of settings where incorporating spatially correlated risk into conservation reserve design can lead to significant improvements in species protection.
Psychoanalytical Child Psychotherapy: The Parent’s Role

The comprehension of the parents’ relation with their child’s psychotherapy has developed considerably since the beginning of child psychoanalysis, elevating the importance of active participation of family into the patient’s treatment, as also the attention of the therapist to unconscious phenomena that occur in this context. This issue refers to a narrative revision of psychoanalytical literature about presence of parents in child psychotherapy, which objective refers to analyze the way contemporaneous authors who work with psychoanalytical perspective understand the parents’ role in child psychotherapy. Initially, were consulted books of classic authors in psychoanalysis, and a specifi c book of more contemporaneous authors about the matter of the parents’ role in child psychotherapy. Articles about the same theme were then searched into the scientifi c electronic basis SciELO (Scientifi c Electronic Library Online), PePsic (portal of Electronic Psychology Journals) and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature). Were selected for analysis 19 articles published at online papers. It was verifi ed that the texts approached specially the position of analyst/psychotherapist and the relations established with the patient’s parents, being emphasized, mainly, the necessity of receiving the parents’ anguishes and their transference directed to the therapist, creating an space of continence, refl ection and ressignifi cance of the child’s problem.
Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Stress Hormones During the Process of Birth

Objective: This study aims to determine whether mode of delivery is associated with the endocrine stress response in mother and newborn.Study Design: This prospective observational study was conducted with 86 women with a normal singleton pregnancy who delivered healthy infants between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation in a tertiary center. Study groups included; (1) women undergoing normal vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia, (2) women undergoing vaginal delivery with immersion in water for pain relief during labor, (3) women delivered through elective caesarean section without labor. After delivery, thyroid stimulating hormone, cortisol, insulin, prolactin and Beta-endorphin levels were measured in maternal and umbilical cord serum and their relationships between modes of delivery were investigated.Results: It was found that the concentrations of cortisol and beta-endorphin after vaginal delivery with immersion in water group in both mothers and infants were higher than other two modes of delivery and these differences were statistically significant. Umbilical cord concentration of cortisol was the lowest in the caesarean section group.Conclusions: Maternal and fetal stress response was found to be associated with the mode of delivery and labor.