Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronology of Lake El'gygytgyn sediments – a combined magnetostratigraphic, palaeoclimatic and orbital tuning study based on multi-parameter analyses

Abstract. A 318-metre-long sedimentary profile drilled by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) at Site 5011-1 in Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic, has been analysed for its sedimentologic response to global climate modes by chronostratigraphic methods. The 12 km wide lake is sited off-centre in an 18 km large crater that was created by the impact of a meteorite 3.58 Ma ago. Since then sediments have been continuously deposited. For establishing their chronology, major reversals of the earth's magnetic field provided initial tie points for the age model, confirming that the impact occurred in the earliest geomagnetic Gauss chron. Various stratigraphic parameters, reflecting redox conditions at the lake floor and climatic conditions in the catchment were tuned synchronously to Northern Hemisphere insolation variations and the marine oxygen isotope stack, respectively. Thus, a robust age model comprising more than 600 tie points could be defined. It could be shown that deposition of sediments in Lake El'gygytgyn occurred in concert with global climatic cycles. The upper ~160 m of sediments represent the past 3.3 Ma, equivalent to sedimentation rates of 4 to 5 cm ka−1, whereas the lower 160 m represent just the first 0.3 Ma after the impact, equivalent to sedimentation rates in the order of 45 cm ka−1. This study also provides orbitally tuned ages for a total of 8 tephras deposited in Lake El'gygytgyn.
AGES AND METALLICITIES OF CLUSTER GALAXIES IN A779 USING MODIFIED STRÖMGREN PHOTOMETRY

In the quest for the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters, Rakos and co-workers introduced a spectrophotometric method using modified Strömgren photometry, but with the considerable debate toward the project's abilities, we re-introduce the system by testing for the repeatability of the modified Strömgren colors and compare them with the Strömgren colors, and check for the reproducibility of the ages and metallicities (using the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) technique and the GALEV models) for the six common galaxies in all three A779 data sets. As a result, a fair agreement between two filter systems was found to produce similar colors (with a precision of 0.09 mag in (uz − vz), 0.02 mag in (bz − yz), and 0.03 mag in (vz − vz)) and the generated ages and metallicities are also similar (with an uncertainty of 0.36 Gyr and 0.04 dex from PCA and 0.44 Gyr and 0.2 dex using the GALEV models). We infer that the technique is able to relieve the age–metallicity degeneracy by separating the age effects from the metallicity effects, but it is still unable to completely eliminate it. We further extend this paper to re-study the evolution of galaxies in the low mass, dynamically poor A779 cluster (as it was not elaborately analyzed by Rakos and co-workers in their previous work) by correlating the luminosity (mass), density, and radial distance with the estimated age, metallicity, and the star formation history. Our results distinctly show the bimodality of the young, low-mass, metal-poor population with a mean age of 6.7 Gyr (± 0.5 Gyr) and the old, high-mass, metal-rich galaxies with a mean age of 9 Gyr (± 0.5 Gyr). The method also observes the color evolution of the blue cluster galaxies to red (Butcher–Oemler phenomenon), and the downsizing phenomenon. Our analysis shows that modified Strömgren photometry is very well suited for studying low- and intermediate-z clusters, as it is capable of observing deeper with better spatial resolution at spectroscopic redshift limits, and the narrowband filters estimate the age and metallicity with fewer uncertainties compared to other methods that study stellar population scenarios.
An Eulerian finite element method for PDEs in time-dependent domains

The paper introduces a new finite element numerical method for the solution of partial differential equations on evolving domains. The approach uses a completely Eulerian description of the domain motion. The physical domain is embedded in a triangulated computational domain and can overlap the time-independent background mesh in an arbitrary way. The numerical method is based on finite difference discretizations of time derivatives and a standard geometrically unfitted finite element method with an additional stabilization term in the spatial domain. The performance and analysis of the method rely on the fundamental extension result in Sobolev spaces for functions defined on bounded domains. This paper includes a complete stability and error analysis, which accounts for discretization errors resulting from finite difference and finite element approximations as well as for geometric errors coming from a possible approximate recovery of the physical domain. Several numerical examples illustrate the theory and demonstrate the practical efficiency of the method.
Residual Wage Disparity and Coordination Unemployment

How much of residual wage dispersion can be explained by an absence of coordination among firms? To answer, we construct a dynamic directed search model with identical workers where firms can create high- or low-productivity jobs and are uncoordinated in their offers to workers, calibrated to the U.S. economy. Workers can exploit ex post opportunities once approached by firms, and can conduct on-the-job search. The stationary equilibrium wage distribution is hump-shaped, skewed significantly to the right, and, with baseline parameters, generates residual dispersion statistics 75–90% of those found empirically. However, the model underestimates the average duration of unemployment.
The prediction of job involvement for pharmacists and accountants

The job involvement of the individual seems to be potentially fundamental to the satisfaction of certain salient psychological needs that could lead to positive organizational implications. This study investigates the predictiveness of job involvement of 375 professionals in the pharmacy (n = 200) and accountancy (n = 175) occupations by means of Multiple Regression Analysis through personality characteristics and job satisfaction. A number of significant but weak relationships are reported varying between 1.29% and 9.85% common variance. Job involvement is predicted reasonably well for the total sample (19.35%) and the sub-samples of professionals (11.01% and 24.71% respectively). OPSOMMING Werkbetrokkenheid van die individu blyk potensieel ’n fundamentele rol te speel in die bevrediging van sekere onderliggende psigologiese behoeftes, wat kan lei tot positiewe organisasie uitkomste. Hierdie studie van 375 professionele persone vanuit die apteker- (n = 200) en rekenmeester- (n = 175) beroepe ondersoek die verhouding en voorspelbaarheid van werkbetrokkenheid deur middel van Meervoudige Regressie Analise en werksatisfaksie en persoonlikheidstrekke faktore as onafhanklike veranderlikes. ’n Aantal stastisties betekenisvolle, maar matige verwantskappe word geraporteer (gemeenskaplike variansies tussen 1.29% en 9.85%). Werkbetrokkenheid is redelik goed voorspel vir die totale steekproef (19.35%) asook die professionele sub-groepe (11.01% en 24.71% onderskeidelik).
Reduction of Al-induced oxidative damage in wheat

Aluminum stress inhibited root growth and caused serious oxidative damage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Under Al stress, added Ca significantly improved root growth, decreased Al, H2O2 and TBARS content and increased O2 - generation, Ca content, improved CAT activity, and decreased OXO and FA-POX activity. Interestingly, Ca levels did not have any significant effect on SOD activity under Al stressed condition. Histochemical data also showed that added Ca decreased the accumulation of phenolic compounds synchronously with the reduction of Al and H2O2 content in the Al-stressed roots. Both biochemical and histochemical data revealed that added Ca reduced oxidative coupling reactions (i.e. cross-link formation) of phenolic compounds by decreasing FA-POX and thus improving the root growth of wheat seedlings under Al stress. The results suggest that the exogenously supplied Ca may be involved in alleviating Al-induced oxidative damage by regulating ROS level via antioxidant enzyme activities and improving root growth by displacing Al from the root surface.
Rapid Detection of Heavy Metals with the Response of Carotenoids in Daucus Carota

In this paper, a rapid detection method for heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) is reported. The method was based on the response of natural cell-bounded carotenoids in Daucus carota to short term exposure of heavy metals. The cells were cultured for 90 days in dark. The presence of carotenoids in cells was confirmed spectrometrically with optical density (OD) measured at λ= 450 nm. The responses of the cells to 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 ppm of heavy metals were confirmed by the increase of OD after the short term exposure, with the lowest detection were recorded at 0.01, 0.10, and 0.01 ppm respectively. The OD increase might be a result of the synthesis of carotenoids, which was probably triggered by the increase of oxidative stress. With an average optimum response time of 40 minutes, the cell could be potentially utilized in biosensor.
Mice with humanized liver endothelium

The only curative treatment option for a large proportion of patients suffering from a liver disorder is liver transplantation. The use of ex vivo genetically modified autologous liver cells instead of whole liver transplantation could overcome the problem of donor scarcity. Even though clinical trials have shown that transplantation of liver cells is feasible, long-term outcome is disappointing due to poor translation of animal studies to humans amongst others. In the present thesis, we sought out to solve this problem by developing a mouse with a "humanized liver", which would serve as an excellent in vivo model for studies on liver-directed cell and gene therapy. The aim of the present thesis was to identify cells that are suitable for liver engraftment and use these mice with a humanized liver in gene therapy. First we found that human fetal liver sinusoidal endothelial cells have the unique ability to engraft and repopulate the mouse liver niche, while macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells fail to do so. In addition, we were unable to generate liver endothelium from human hematopoietic progenitor cells, either by direct transplantation of hematopoietic progenitor cells or by inducing endothelial regeneration in mice with human immune systems. Furthermore, human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells had a much higher liver engraftment and repopulation potential than human adult hepatocytes. Transplantation of fetal liver hepatocytes (hepatoblastst) failed to generate mature functional liver cells in vivo following transplantation further emphasizing the utility of endothelial cells for liver cell therapy. We subsequently used our model of mice with human liver endothelium to study ex vivo regulated erythropoietin gene therapy and in vivo gene therapy specifically targeted to human endothelium.
Precision Teaching, Frequency-Building, and Ballet Dancing

This article reports the effectiveness of a brief intervention aimed at achieving fluency in basic ballet moves in a 9-year-old Norwegian girl by use of frequency-building and Precision Teaching procedures. One nonfluent ballet move was pinpointed, and instructional and training procedures designed to increase the frequency of accurate responding were employed. During 9 days of training, the frequency of correct responses increased from 80 per min to 188 correct/per min with no learning possibilities. Follow-up probes after 32 weeks showed that frequency remained at the initial level. A Standard Celeration Chart, including follow-up data, is presented. Results and the use of behavioral methods in fine arts are discussed. DESCRIPTORS: ballet, frequency-building, precision teaching, Standard Celeration Chart
OECD Science , Technology and Industry Working Papers 2006 / 01 Productivity Impacts of Offshoring and Outsourcing

Despite the attention that offshore outsourcing currently demands in the public media, there is little empirical evidence on its economic impact. As a consequence of rising fears of job losses associated with the phenomenon, most existing research on the subject is primarily concerned with addressing related labour market issues. The impacts on productivity, however, have received only little attention. This paper surveys the empirical literature on offshore outsourcing and its productivity effects. Due to the small number of existing studies, the survey also includes research that may serve as indirect evidence of the phenomenon’s link to productivity, such as its effect on skill upgrading. The most apparent conclusion drawn from the review is that there appears to be no clear patterns as to how offshore outsourcing affects productivity, and that much depends on both sector and firm-specific characteristics. There are some indications, however, that positive productivity effects from foreign material sourcing depends on the degree to which firms are already globally engaged, but also that such engagements generally could be close to their optimum level in developed economies. There is little existing research on offshoring of services, but it appears that its productivity enhancing effects generally are small in manufacturing plants while being of a somewhat greater magnitude for firms in the services sector.
Pilots psychophysiological condition assesment

Due to increasing safety standards in air transport, the emphasis is put on human factors in this domain. Thisregards especially the improvement of piloting precision during flight training and the elimination of internal andexternal influences with negative effect on pilots. This paper is focused on evaluation of pilot’s psychophysiologicalstate during flight training on a simulator and in an aircraft and also on pilot’s reaction on transfer from analogueto digital visual presentation of avionic data. The best indicator for evaluating human’s psychophysiologicalcondition could be a heart rate because of its descriptive activity of human heart and its psychophysiologicalcharacter based on sympathovagal balance of autonomic nervous system. In this paper heart rate frequencyis measured by FlexiGuard biotelemetry mobile device and by a Garmin c chest belt. This paper is orientedtowards description and comparison of the most common methods for physiological parameters assessment, i.e.time and frequency domain analysis and non-parametric methods analysis. The paper also describes a wavelettransform. The results show that not every parameter resulting from each analysis could be a good indicatordescribing pilot’s stress. Results also show which parameters might work as good indicators of pilot’s stress– those are LF/HF ratio and parameters measured by wavelet transform. Best way to define pilot’s stress onsimulators in real time indicates to be wavelet.
WORKING PAPER SERIES 11 010 2

We assess whether the voting records of central bank boards are informative about future monetary policy. First, we specify a theoretical model of central bank board decisionmaking and simulate the voting outcomes. Three different versions of model are estimated with simulated data: 1) democratic, 2) consensual and 3) opportunistic. These versions differ in the extent to which the chairman and other board members exchange information prior to the voting. The model shows that the voting pattern is informative about future monetary policy provided that the signals about the optimal policy rate are noisy and that there is sufficient independence in voting across the board members, which is in line with the democratic version. Next, the model predictions are tested on real data on six countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States). Subject to various sensitivity tests, it is found that the democratic version of the model corresponds best to the real data and that in all countries the voting records are informative about future monetary policy, making a case for publishing the records. JEL Codes: C78, D78, E52, E58.
Exploring the decision to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards early: The case of International Financial Reporting Standards 13

Using an exploratory interpretive research approach and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 13 as a case study, this article investigates the factors that affect the decision to adopt a specific IFRS early. The research findings are significant as very little interpretive research has been performed on financial reporting from a South African perspective. The findings reveal that the majority of the interviewees did not elect to adopt IFRS 13 early. Technical constraints – such as the need to provide additional accounting disclosure – discouraged the early adoption of the standard. Factors such as the effect of adoption on earnings, decisions made by competitors and the relevance of the standard to business operations were also considered as part of this decision. Perhaps most significant is the logic of resistance to new standards evidenced by a general dismissal of the view that IFRS 13 provides more useful information to users of financial statements.
Estimating the External Returns to Education : Evidence from China ∗

Good understanding on the human capital externalities is important for both policy makers and social science researchers. Economists have speculated for at least a century that the social returns to education may exceed the private returns. In this paper, using the longitudinal data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), we examine how individual wage changes associated with the share of college graduates in the same province across years for a person who has never moved by implementing individual fixed effects estimates. The individual fixed effect model shows that the external returns to education in China appear to be negative and on the order of -2%, which might be biased by potential endogeneity. Concerned with this problem, we then implement the IV fixed effect estimates and find positive external returns to education at about 10%. We also find this returns differ across individual heterogeneity.
Spectroscopy of TT Arietis in "positive superhumps" state

An analysis of spectral and photometric observations of the novalike TT Ari obtained in the interval 1999–2001 is presented. The photometry in November 1999 shows “positive superhumps” with a period of 0. 14815 and full amplitude 0.13–0.14 mag. The emission lines equivalent widths are also modulated with the “positive superhumps” period, as its value in the interval from August 2000 to January 2001 is 0. 148815. The analysis shows that the flux in the emission lines vary in anti-phase with the continuum. It is found that Hα asymmetry is modulated with the expected precessional period of 1. 81715 supporting the precession accretion disc model for the “positive superhumps” observed in TT Ari. An expansion of the TT Ari accretion disc due to a mass transfer rate reduction is proposed as a possible mechanism for the appearance of the “positive superhumps”. The Hα profile shows a weak, blue-shifted absorption, whose strength is modulated with the orbital period of the system. The Hα Doppler tomogram reveals the presence of an asymmetric source of emission in the accretion disc. Eclipse of this emission source by the outflowing wind is the most likely explanation of the phase dependent Hα P-cygni profile. The He iλ6678 tomogram shows a strong asymmetric emission source located at the back side of the disc. The asymmetric emission sources in Hα and He iλ6678 tomograms are thus located on the opposite sides of the system mass center. The emission of the secondary is detected in He iλ6678 Doppler tomogram, which allows us to secure the absolute phasing of the radial velocities. We derive a new orbital ephemeris of TT Ari by analysis of all availible high state radial velocities.
Sparse, adaptive Smolyak algorithms for Bayesian inverse problems

Based on the parametric deterministic formulation of Bayesian inverse problems with unknown input parameter from infinite dimensional, separable Banach spaces proposed in [28], we develop a practical computational algorithm whose convergence rates are provably higher than those of Monte-Carlo (MC) and Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo methods, in terms of the number of solutions of the forward problem. In the formulation of [28], the forward problems are parametric, deterministic elliptic partial differential equations, and the inverse problem is to determine the unknown, parametric deterministic coefficients from noisy observations comprising linear functionals of the solution. Sparsity of the generalized polynomial chaos (gpc) representation of the posterior density being implied by sparsity assumptions on the class of the prior [28], we design, analyze and implement a class of adaptive, deterministic sparse tensor Smolyak quadrature schemes for the efficient approximate numerical evaluation of expectations under the posterior, given data. The proposed algorithm is based on a greedy, iterative identification of finite sets of most significant, “active” chaos polynomials in the the posterior density analogous to recently proposed algorithms for adaptive interpolation [7, 8]. Convergence rates for the quadrature approximation are shown, both theoretically and computationally, to depend only on the sparsity class of the unknown, but are bounded independently of the number of random variables activated by the adaptive algorithm. Numerical results for a model problem of coefficient identification with point measurements in a diffusion problem confirm the theoretical results.
Lattice cohomology of normal surface singularities

For any negative definite plumbed 3-manifold M we construct from its plumbed graph a graded Z[U]-module. This, for rational homology spheres, conjecturally equals the Heegaard-Floer homology of Ozsvath and Szabo, but it has even more structure. If M is a complex singularity link then the normalized Euler-characteristic can be compared with the analytic invariants. The Seiberg--Witten Invariant Conjecture is discussed in the light of this new object.
The Tully-Fisher Zero Point Problem

A long standing problem for hierarchical disk galaxy formation models has been the simultaneous matching of the zero point of the Tully-Fisher relation and the galaxy luminosity function (LF). We illustrate this problem for a typical disk galaxy and discuss three solutions: low stellar mass-to-light ratios, low initial dark halo concentrations, and no halo contraction. We speculate that halo contraction may be reversed through a combination of mass ejection through feedback and angular momentum exchange brought about by dynamical friction between baryons and dark matter during the disk formation process.
Study of maternal mortality.

Objectives: To study the maternal mortality and the common complications leading to maternal death over a period of 7 years from January 1999 to December 2005. Methods: A retrospective study of hospital records and death summaries of all maternal deaths over the 7 year period was carried out. Results: Maternal mortality rates (MMR) of 258.14 to 683.9 per 100,000 live births were observed over the 7 years. Of the women who died 92.3% were from rural areas. 70.8 percent were unbooked for delivery. 78.5 percent were in 21-30 year age group. Hemorrhage was the commonest cause of death followed by eclampsia. Anemia was the major indirect cause of maternal mortality. Conclusions: Hemorrhage and eclampsia were major causes of death. Anemia was an important indirect cause of death.