Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antecedents to Agenda Setting and Framing in Health News: An Examination of Priority, Angle, Source, and Resource Usage from a National Survey of U.S. Health Reporters and Editors

The influence of news media on audience cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors in the realm of politics, race relations, science, and health has been extensively documented.Agenda setting and framing studies show that news media influence how people develop schema and place priorities on issues, with media stories serving as a major source of issue frames. Although news media are an important intermediary in the translation of scientific knowledge to different publics, little has been documented about the production of health news and factors that may predict media agenda setting and framing in health journalism. We used data from a 2005 national survey of U.S. health reporters and editors to examine predictors of source, resource, story angle, and frame usage among reporters and editors by variables such as organizational structure, individual characteristics of respondents (such as education and years working as a journalist),and perceptions of occupational autonomy. Multivariable logistic regression models revealed several differences among U.S. health reports and editors in the likelihood of using a variety of news sources, resources, priorities, and angles in reporting. Media agenda setting and framing theories suggest that practitioners familiar with media processes can work with journalists to frame messages, thereby increasing the probability of accurate and effective reporting. Results from this study may help to inform interactions between public health and medical practitioners and the press [corrected].
Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis and Risk of Persistent Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Background:The mechanisms responsible for the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) and its complications are not fully understood. Aim:To assess the role of clinical and host molecular factors for the development and outcome of persistent systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with AP. Methods:We included 191 patients with AP in the study. The considered variables were demographic characteristics, prognosis and outcome, etiology, laboratory findings and complications. Interleukin (IL) 10 (−1082 G/A, −592 C/A), TNFA-308 (G/A) and ILB-31 (C/T) polymorphisms were determined by pyrosequencing. An amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction method was used to genotype the IL8-251 (A/T) polymorphism. Results:Demographic characteristics were not statistically significant risk factors for the acquisition of persistent SIRS in patients with AP. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia were more likely to develop persistent SIRS (P < 0.05). No association with the TNFA, ILB, IL8-251 (A/T) and IL10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was detected from the allele, genotype or haplotype frequencies. Conclusions:Patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced AP were more likely to develop persistent SIRS.
Reducing “atypical squamous cells” overdiagnosis on cervicovaginal smears by diligent cytology screening

The frequency of possible reasons for “atypical squamous cells” (ASC) overdiagnosis on Papanicolaou (Pap) smears was analyzed. Pap smears of 199 women with negative biopsy outcome after an ASC diagnosis were reviewed. Special attention was paid to presence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs), perimenopausal cells (PM cells), immature metaplastic cells, hormone‐related alterations, and drying artefacts. Comparisons were made using χ2 test between the two ASC qualifiers and also between premenopausal and peri/postmenopausal women. Possible reasons for ASC overdiagnosis could be assigned on Pap smear review in 88/199 (44.2%) negative biopsies. Overall, PM cells were the most frequent reason for ASC overdiagnosis, being present in 35/199 (17.6%) smears. RTIs were the next most common cause (14.6%). PM cells were the most significant confounding factors for persistent ASC undetermined significance (ASC‐US) over interpretation (20.2%) while in none of the cases these were interpreted as ASC‐H (P = 0.004). Of these, 32 smears belonged to peri/postmenopausal women while only three to premenopausal women (P < 0.001). Immature metaplastic cells were significantly more frequent cause of ASC‐H rather than ASC‐US interpretation (P = 0.007). RTIs and drying artefacts were more frequently overcalled as ASC‐US (in premenopausal women) while hormonal changes were interpreted as ASC‐H. Hormone related changes, immature metaplastic cells and drying artefacts more commonly resulted in ASC interpretation in peri/ postmenopausal smears. The results of this study suggest that diligent screening can substantially reduce ASC overdiagnosis, thereby reducing the referrals/ follow ups. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of rectum in an 11‐year‐old boy: A case report

Colorectal carcinoma in pediatric population is relatively rare (<1% of all cancers in first two decades) and behaves aggressively as compared with the same in adult population. We report a case of 11‐year‐old adolescent male, who presented with pain abdomen and melena. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology from the growth in rectum revealed mucinous adenocarcinomas, which was later confirmed on histopathology. The patient also had positive peritoneal fluid cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012 © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic value of liquid‐based (Liqui‐PREP) preparations and interobserver reproducibility in fine needle aspiration cytology of the nodular thyroid lesions

The aim of this study is to define the diagnostic role of Liqui‐Prep (LP) technique for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions and to assess interobserver variabilities. In all, 98 thyroid FNA (fine needle aspiration) cytology samples from 83 patients for preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules, prepared by the LP, were examined. The LP slides were independently evaluated by three pathologists and they were classified into the five categories according to the Bethesda system. The histopathologic diagnoses were grouped as follows: benign, follicular neoplasm, and malignant. Agreements between LP and histopathologic diagnoses were investigated using kappa values. Marginal homogenity and kappa tests were used for statistical analysis for the evaluation of the agreement between the pathologists and the interobserver variability of the thyroid aspiration cytology results. The presence of nucleoli, nuclear grooving, overlapping, intranuclear inclusion, and nuclear irregularity were recorded and scored on each case based on LP slide review. Concurrences between LP and the histologic diagnoses for the three pathologists were almost perfect (k = 0.798; k = 0.826; k = 0.880). When the observers were paired there was no significant difference from the diagnostic point of view. Interobserver agreement among the three pathologists was moderate. Initially diagnostic difficulties may occur because of the inadequate experience of the pathologists concerning the evaluation of the cytologic changes associated with this new technique. Liqui‐Prep technique is useful for the cytologic diagnosis of the thyroid nodules. The nuclear irregularity was the most essential feature for the differentiation of malignant lesions from follicular neoplasm by the LP method. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screeningtest des Geruchssinnes mit Riechdisketten

BACKGROUND Aim of the study was the development of a new screening test of olfaction with reusable diskettes as odorant applicators. METHODS A screening test of olfaction was designed using 8 diskettes containing different odorants. The diskettes can be opened to release the odor and are closed after testing. The test was designed as a triple forced multiple choice test using a questionnaire, resulting in a score from 0 to 8 correct answers. Ninety-one volunteers with a normal sense of smell and 13 patients with subjective hyposmia or anosmia were tested to validate the developed test. The same volunteers were also tested with the sniffin' sticks test, another screening test of olfaction that is already validated. After testing, the volunteers were asked to compare the two tests. RESULTS Among the 91 volunteers with normal sense of smell, 10 achieved a score of 7, and 81 a score of 8 in the smell disk test. The 13 patients with hyposmia or anosmia achieved a score between 0 and 5. Based on the test design, there is a probability of 99.74% that a person who achieves a score of 7 or 8 will have normal olfaction. In the sniffin' sticks test, 85 volunteers with normal sense of smell achieved a score in the normal range for this test (6-8) whereas 6 volunteers were below with a score of 4 or 5. The 13 patients with hyposmia or anosmia scored between 0 and 6. The smell disk test was preferred by 86 persons, the sniffin' sticks test by 5, and 12 assessed both tests as equal. CONCLUSIONS The developed screening test is reliable for identifying patients with a normal sense of smell, and it can distinguish them from patients with hyposmia and anosmia. The diskettes proved to be reliable and comfortable applicators for odorants in clinical practice.
METHODOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 2-DE TO STUDY ROOT PROTEOMICS DURING NEMATODE INFECTION IN COTTON AND COFFEE PLANTS

The identification of plant proteins expressed in response to phytopathogens is a remaining challenge to proteome methodology. Proteomic methods, such as electrophoresis and mass spectrometry have been extensively used for protein differential expression studies in several plants including Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and wheat. However, in coffee (Coffea canephora) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), bidimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis has been rarely employed. Moreover, global protein expression in both agricultural plants in response to biotic stress conditions had not been reported until now. In this study, Meloidogyne paranaensis and M. incognita, two devastating phytonematodes for numerous crop cultures, were used to infect resistant genotypes of coffee and cotton plants. The protein expression of infected- and non-infected roots were evaluated by 2-DE following in silico experiments. Additionally, gels were stained with silver nitrate and/or Coomassie brilliant blue in order to obtain an optimized method for proteomic analysis of plant-nematode interaction. The 2-DE analysis revealed an enhanced number of protein spots, as well as differentially expressed proteins, when Coomassie brilliant blue was used. The results obtained here could be extended to other plant species, providing valuable information to root-nematode interactions.
SUPPLEMENT 2 SPECIAL ISSUE: BONE AND SOFT TISSUE

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is an uncommon and mostly indolent soft tissue neoplasm, which usually occurs in the subcutaneous tissue of the extremities in children and young adults. Although the histologic features of AFH are well established, reports of its cytomorphology are very limited. This report characterizes the cytomorphologic features of five cases of AFH, with correlation to clinical, histology, and cytogenetic findings. Smears of fine needle aspiration (FNA; four cases) and intraoperative scrape (one case) were reviewed from five patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of AFH. A review of six previously reported AFH cases with cytomorphology was also performed. The tumor presented as a cystic, deep dermal mass in three pediatric cases and as a solid, deeply seated mass in two adults. The cytomorphologic features are mostly nondistinctive and include cellular smears with ovoid to spindled histiocytoid cells that may be isolated or in clusters. Some of these cells are atypical and others contain hemosiderin. Large cellular clusters with a capillary structure and a whorled arrangement of tumor cells can be appreciated in some cases. There is always a bloody background, but a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate is uncommon. The presences of EWSR1 rearrangement in one case and three copies of FUS gene in another case were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Diagnosing AFH by FNA cytology alone can be challenging because of its rarity and usually nonspecific cytologic findings. Clinical correlation and ancillary studies are essential to reach a specific diagnosis of AFH in small needle biopsies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012;40:E86–E93. ' 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioequivalence Study of Troxipide Tablet Formulations

Troxipide is a novel gastro protective agent with antiulcer, anti-inflammatory and mucus secreting properties. This bioequivalence study was carried out to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of troxipide in plasma in an open label, comparative, randomized, two way cross over design involving two treatments and two periods with one week washout period in 28 healthy male subjects. Blood samples were collected at intervals up to 28 hours, as per the approved protocol. Plasma concentrations of troxipide were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and noncompartmental method was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. The mean (±S.D.) values of the pharmacokinetic parameters (test vs. reference) were C max (1052.47±254.41 vs. 1039.10±301.54 ng ml -1 ), AUC (0-t) (8737.48±1545.24 vs. 8850.04±1892.63 ng h ml - 1 ), AUC (0- ∞ ) (9622.12±1692.57 vs. 9695.02±2133.95 ng h ml -1 ), and t ½ (7.44±1.85 vs. 7.24±2.10 h). There were no statistically significant differences between C max , AUC (0-t) and AUC (0- ∞ ) and their log transformed data (p>0.05) for the test and reference formulations. The 90% of confidence intervals (C.I.s) for the test/reference ratio of mean C max , AUC (0-t) , and AUC (0- ∞ ) were within the acceptable range of 80.00 to 125.00. The mean (±S.D.) times to maximal plasma concentration (t max ) of troxipide were 3.04±0.93 vs. 3.07±1.39 h for the test and the reference formulations respectively. Both the formulations were well tolerated. In conclusion, the two formulations were bioequivalent and may be used interchangeably.
ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF MAIZE STARCH-BASED POLYMER USING Rhizopus oryzae LIPASE, SCALE UP, AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION

The industrial utilization of native starches is limited because of their inherit nature, with characteristics such as water insolubility and their tendency to form unstable pastes and gels. In this investigation, a lipase produced from Rhizopus oryzae was used for modification of maize starch with palmitic acid at a reaction temperature of 45°C for 18 hr in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The synthesis of maize starch palmitate was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra with a higher degree of substitution (DS) of 1.68. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the maize starch palmitate is more stable even up to 496°C as compared to unmodified maize starch (231.4°C). Maize starch palmitate possesses high degree of substitution and thermal properties and thus can be widely used in food and pharmaceutical industry.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Rosen and associates 8 suggested that it is a breakdown product of injured alveolar lining cells; others have concluded that the ma­ terial is merely a passive transudate from the plasma. 7 ' 9 The observation that circulating plasma albumin may be sequestered by the lungs when pulmonary infiltrates develop has pro­ vided indirect evidence that transudation of plasma constituents is significant in the pathogenesis of the disease. 2 ' 6 Direct evi­ dence of transudation has been difficult to obtain, and only recently has there been support for this concept in the form of an electrophoretic and histochemical study of fluid expressed from the lung of a single fatal case. 9 Bronchopulmonary irrigation has provided a method for obtaining bronchoalveolar ma­ terial for controlled observations. 2 ' 4 ' 6 From the pulmonary washings of patients with alveolar proteinosis, a substance which is morphologically and histochemically iden­ tical to the characteristic proteinaceous ma­ terial found in histologic sections can readily be isolated. 2 ' 4 " 6 In the present study, the antigenic properties of pulmonary washings from three patients with alveolar proteinosis are compared with the antigenic activity of washings from a patient with bronchitis and a patient with alveolar cell carcinoma. In addition, the origin of the soluble protein in these washings has been studied by allowing this material and the serum of the five sub­ jects to react and cross-react in agar gel with homologous, heterologous, and purified plasma protein antisera.
Optimization of Ellagitannase Production by Aspergillus niger GH1 by Solid-State Fermentation

Ellagic acid is one of the most bioactive antioxidants with important applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. However, there are few biotechnological processes developed for its production, because it requires precursors (ellagitannins) and the corresponding biocatalyst (ellagitannase). The aim of this study was to optimize the culture conditions for ellagitannase production by Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation (SSF). The bioprocess was carried out into a column bioreactor packed with polyurethane foam impregnated with an ellagitannins solution as carbon source. Four strains of Aspergillus niger (PSH, GH1, HT4, and HC2) were evaluated for ellagitannase production. The study was performed in two experimental steps. A Plackett–Burman design was used to determine the influencing parameters on ellagitannase production. Ellagitannins concentration, KCl, and MgSO4 were determined to be the most significant parameters. Box–Behnken design was used to define the interaction of the selected parameters. The highest enzyme value was obtained by A. niger PSH at concentrations of 7.5 g/L ellagitannins, 3.04 g/L KCl, and 0.76 g/L MgSO4. The methodology followed here allowed increasing the ellagitannase activity 10 times over other researcher results (938.8 U/g ellagitannins). These results are significantly higher than those reported previously and represent an important contribution for the establishment of a new bioprocess for ellagic acid and ellagitannase production.
Protective Role of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Dietary Fumonisin B1-induced Toxicity and DNA-Fragmentation in Sprague-Dawley Rats

The genus Fusarium, especially F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum, has been found in several agricultural products worldwide, especially in maize. Regardless the occurrence of symptoms, the presence of Fusarium in maize constitutes an imminent risk due to its ability to produce fumonisins, mycotoxins with proven carcinogenic effect on rats, swine, and equines and already classified as possible carcinogens to humans. The toxicity of incremental levels of fumonisin B1 (FB1), that is, 50, 100, and 200 mg FB1/kg diet, and the role of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis DSM 20076 (LL) and Pediococcus acidilactici NNRL B-5627 (PA) supplementation in counteracting the FB1 effects in intoxicated rats were monitored over a period of 4 weeks. Effects on the feed intake and body weight gain were noticed. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the level of liver and kidney functions markers and DNA fragmentation was also noticed in rat groups T100 and T200. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) supplementation could bring back the normal serum biochemical parameters in rats fed on fumonisin B1-contaminated diets (T50 and T100) compared to FB1-treated groups. In rats of high-dosage dietary groups supplemented with LAB (T200-LL and T200-PA), the supplementation reduced the serum activity levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatinine by 11.3, 11.9, 32, and 20%, respectively. DNA fragmentations were observed in the rat group treated with 200 mg FB1 after 3 weeks, while fragmentation was noticed in treated groups with 100 and 200 mg FB1 after 4 weeks. No DNA fragmentation was apparent in FB1-treated rats co-administered the LL or PA strain. These results suggest that in male rats consuming diets containing FB1, there is a time- and dose-dependent increase in serum enzyme activities and DNA lesions. Moreover, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis (LL) and P. acidilactici (PA) strains have a protective effect against antigenotoxicity and precancerous lesions.
Biochemical changes induced by salt stress in halotolerant bacterial isolates are media dependent as well as species specific

ABSTRACT Halophilic bacteria respond to salt stress by regulating the cytosolic pools of organic solutes to achieve osmotic equilibrium. In order to understand the metabolic regulation of these organic solutes, for the first time, we have investigated the effect of salt on growth and biochemical changes in four major moderately halophilic bacterial strains isolated from a saltern region of the Kumta coast, India. The strains under study were Halomonas hydrothermalis VITP9, Bacillus aquimaris VITP4, Planococcus maritimus VITP21, and Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14, which exhibited similar salt tolerance (0% to 10% w/v NaCl) with optimal growth at 5% w/v NaCl. Biochemical analysis showed that the total intracellular organic solutes increased significantly with increasing NaCl concentration in the growth medium, and the compositions of the solutes were dependent on the type of strain and also on the nutrient richness of the growth medium. Glutamic acid levels increased in all the strains under salt stress, indicating the significance of glutamic acid as the anionic counterpart of K+/Na+ ions and precursor for other synthesized nitrogenous osmolytes. Though initial studies were performed with thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry was used to identify the major solutes accumulated by the strains under salt stress, such as proline (VITP4), ectoine (VITP14 and VITP9), and sugars (VITP21) under minimal medium and glycine betaine (by all the strains under study) under complex growth medium conditions. Such comparative study on the stress-dependent metabolic differences of different microbes, under identical experimental condition, helps to identify possible bacterial sources for the production of industrially important solutes.
Surgical Treatment and Prognostic Analysis of 93 Cases of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Objective:To explore the surgical treatment and prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods:This was a retrospective study of 93 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma that were treated surgically at our hospital from June 1999 to June 2005. Prognostic factors were also analyzed. Results:Fifty-two cases were treated with curative resection, 21 with palliative resection, and 9 with nonoperative drainage. Eleven cases underwent palliative drainage operations. The median survive time was 31 months in the curative resection group, 13.7 months in the palliative resection group, and 11 months in the nonoperative drainage group. Patient age, serum total bilirubin, clinical type of Bismuth-Corlette, tumor differentiation, and lymph node metastases were important factors for predicting the prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusions:Resection was the main treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and curative resection was the best way to obtain better prognosis. Age, preoperative serum total bilirubin, bismuth clinical type, tumor histopathological grading, and lymph node metastases were considered to have a significant effect on prognosis.