Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying, Working, and Living in Another EU Country: Spanish Youth's Point of View

The objective of the study is to examine the willingness of Spanish high school, college, and university students to go and study or work for some time in another EU country. The first research question was: Is the four-factor Pull/Anti-Pull/Push/Anti-Push structure proposed by Mullet et al . Studying, working, and living in another EU country: French youth's point of view. European Psychologist , 5 , 216-227. ) able to account for data regarding attitudes expressed by Spanish youths toward Spain and other EU countries? Findings strongly suggested a positive response to this question. The second question was: Is this structure able to predict willingness to study or work in another EU country in general, and more specifically, is this structure able to predict willingness to study or work in any specific EU countries? The response was clearly positive. A combination of six to eight predictors was able to account for one quarter to one third of the variance of the intent to go and study or work in Ireland and the United Kingdom, in Italy and France, and in Germany. In each case, the Push factor played an important role. Among Spanish youth, intent to study or work in another EU country depends primarily upon the needs expressed by these youth of acquiring: (a) the complete mastery of a second language, (b) specific technical training, and finally, (c) new life experiences (e.g. adventure, encounters, personal experiences) that are associated with a stay in another country.
A Feminist Inquiry into Intimate Partner Violence Law, Policy, Policing, and Possible Prejudices in Alaska

Intimate partner violence (IPV) correlates to patriarchal attitudes and disproportionately affects women. Previously, feminists fought IPV by using the criminal justice system. Now, feminists are examining the criminological data, and questioning whether the criminal justice system treats IPV with patriarchal attitudes and paternalistic policies that further diminish the power of women while continuing to favor masculine gender roles. The State of Alaska’s treatment of IPV serves as a prime example of how patriarchal attitudes, at best, lend to paternalistic justice even though the state judiciary and the ninth circuit routinely and actively strive to implement social justice. In order to thwart IPV, feminists, law makers, and the State of Alaska must retool attitudes and policies. This article discussed data which demonstrates that patriarchal thinking and attitudes can contribute to IPV and examines how patriarchal perspectives can underlie and shape IPV law and policy. It considers why it would be better to preemptively redefine society instead of continuing to respond to IPV using patriarchal norms. If patriarchal perspectives cannot be preempted, then the criminal justice system should respond to IPV with feminist solutions. It also discusses the alternative, feminist solutions for dealing with IPV in the criminal justice system and concluded on the argument and calling for action.
Arterial Thrombus Formation During Clinical Percutaneous Catheterization

Deposition of thrombotic material on catheters was observed following more than 50% of 93 diagnostic catheterizations. The incidence of deposition of thrombotic material on catheters remaining in the body for more than 1 day was 100%. Polyethylene and siliconized polyurethane catheters were less thrombogenic than Teflon end-occluded catheters.A definite time relationship between the thrombus formation and the duration of the catheterization procedure was noted.The growth of thrombi on the outside of catheters does not appear to be linear since catheters can remain in place for 10 days or more.Postcatheterization thrombosis is believed to be due to thrombi stripped from the catheter by the arterial wall. The thrombus which originally encases the catheter will pile up at the puncture site as the catheter is withdrawn. The thrombus may remain attached at the puncture site or embolize peripherally.
Evaluation of Four Commercially Available Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Phenotypic Confirmation Tests

ABSTRACT Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in members of the Enterobacteriaceae can confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, aztreonam, and penicillin. As such, the accurate detection of ESBL producers is essential for the appropriate selection of antibiotic therapy. Twenty previously characterized isolates and 49 clinical isolates suspected of ESBL production were tested by four ESBL phenotypic confirmatory methods for accuracy and ease of use. The four ESBL phenotypic confirmation tests included Dried MicroScan ESBL plus ESBL Confirmation panels (Dade Behring, Inc., West Sacramento, Calif.), Etest ESBL (AB BIODISK, Piscataway, N.J.), Vitek GNS-120 (bioMérieux, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), and BD BBL Sensi-Disk ESBL Confirmatory Test disks (BD Biosciences, Sparks, Md.). Results were compared to frozen microdilution panels prepared according to NCCLS specifications, and discrepant isolates were sent for molecular testing. The test sensitivities for the ESBL phenotypic confirmatory test methods used in this study were as follows: MicroScan ESBL plus ESBL confirmation panel, 100%; VITEK 1 GNS-120, 99%; Etest ESBL, 97%; and BD BBL Sensi-Disk ESBL Confirmatory Test disks, 96%. The test specificities were as follows: BD BBL Sensi-Disk ESBL Confirmatory Test disks, 100%; MicroScan ESBL plus ESBL confirmation panel and VITEK 1 GNS-120, 98%; and Etest ESBL, 94%. All methods were easy to perform; however, the Etest method required more expertise to interpret the results. All tests offer a feasible solution for confirming ESBL production in the clinical laboratory.
A disclosure index to measure the quality of annual reporting by museums in New Zealand and the UK

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the reporting practice of leading museums in New Zealand (NZ) and the UK to develop a museums' performance accountability disclosure index. Design/methodology/approach - The paper reports a study of annual reporting by 16 museums in NZ and the UK. Because of the unique nature of the industry the disclosure index uses a framework which draws on the balanced scorecard (BSC). The BSC provides a link between internal reporting of key performance issues and the need of a community organisation to report to the public. Findings - Overall, the quality of reporting in each country is found to be of a similar standard. The strongest parts of reports are those dealing with internal processes and objectives, and the weakest are those reporting on learning and growth. Originality/value - Museums are a key repository of tangible cultural heritage of huge intrinsic value both to the community now, but of more importance to future generations. However, the performance and accountability of this sector is basically without research or commentary, and this paper addresses this deficiency.
WebQuests in the Middle School Curriculum: Promoting Technological Literacy in the Classroom

On January 27, 1998, the president's State of the Union Address (Clinton, 1998) included a ten point plan calling for, among other things, to "connect every classroom and library to the Internet by the year 2000 and help students become technologically literate. " The president's focus on the use of technology in the classroom setting and promoting technological literacy among our students echoes the concern of many educators. Raizen, Sellwood, Todd, and Vickers (1995) suggest that technological literacy must include a wide range of opportunities for students to interact with a variety of tools and resources in order to develop a level of competence that will allow them to use technology effectively and productively in the workplace.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Hepialus xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

Abstract Although Hepialus xiaojinensis is important as the host of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, it remains poorly known especially in genetic structure and phylogeny status. To get a better understanding of it, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of H. xiaojinensis was sequenced for the first time. The genome was 15 397 bp in size and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and an AT-rich region, and the gene composition and the arrangement of which were consistent with other insects of Hepialidae. The base composition of the genome was A (41.44%), T (39.68%), C (11.52%), and G (7.36%), with an AT content of 81.13%. Moreover, we have performed phylogenetic analysis of H. xiaojinensis and other 11 Lepidoptera species.
Efficient Estimation of Agricultural Time Series Models with Nonnormal Dependent Variables

This article proposes using an expanded form of the Johnson S U family as a way to approximate nonnormal distributions in regression models. The distribution is one of the few that allows modeling heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. The technique is evaluated with Monte Carlo simulation and illustrated through an empirical model of the West Texas cotton basis. Given nonnormality, this technique can substantially reduce the variance of slope parameter estimates relative to least squares procedures. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
The impact of domestic and international terrorism on equity markets: evidence from Indonesia

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to show that the consequences of terrorist attacks are beyond what is reported in the media. Equity investors can be adversely affected by these incidents. The authors' work justifies the war on terror. Design/methodology/approach - Using event study methodology, the authors test how abnormal returns have changed for industrial portfolios in Indonesia following the recent terrorist attacks in the USA, the UK, Spain, India and even Indonesia. The authors adjust the CAPM to test whether systematic risks are altered around these events. Findings - The findings show that equity portfolios were adversely affected by the September 11 attacks and Bali bombings. The domestic terrorist attack generated the worst outcomes. It appears that systematic risk has increased by the amount of terrorist risk. Other attacks in London, Madrid and Mumbai were minimal. Originality/value - This study shows how domestic and international terrorist events affect the risk and return in an Asian capital market.
Critical pedagogy as a means to achieving social accountability in medical education

Varied social, economic, environmental, and geographic factors lead to often avoidable differences in health between various groups and populations. The reform of health care systems is key to reducing such ‘health inequity’ including the fair provision of timely high-quality healthcare to all members of society. The education of health providers themselves has a crucial role to play in the transformative change required to achieve this but, in the case of physicians, has been ineffective in doing so. An ideological movement is emerging, however, in medical education, that of social accountability which requires that medical schools further the enhancement of the health of the entire society it is part of rather than being interested in furthering the narrow aims of the medical establishment. The question is how to go about altering medical curricula in furtherance of social accountability. In this paper I argue that critical pedagogy provides an established framework for doing so which can be used to guide those interested in making medical education a force for social justice.
Delayed therapy with clopidogrel and everolimus prevents progression of transplant arteriosclerosis and impairs humoral alloimmunity in murine aortic allografts.

OBJECTIVES It was previously shown that the combination of clopidogrel and everolimus reduced the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether delayed onset of treatment, similar to the clinical situation after heart transplantation, inhibits progression of transplant arteriosclerosis. METHODS Fully allogeneic C57BL/6 (H2-b) donor aortas were transplanted into CBA.J (H2-k) recipients treated with clopidogrel and everolimus alone or in combination starting on Days 1, 7 or 14. Grafts were analysed by histology and alloantibodies were detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting after transplantation. RESULTS Delayed platelet inhibition with clopidogrel reduced the development of transplant arteriosclerosis [neointima formation (Day 14): 50±4 vs 84±9% (control)]. The combination of clopidogrel and everolimus almost abolished formation of transplant arteriosclerosis when therapy was started on Day 1 [neointima formation (Day 1): 14±5 vs 84±9% (control)] and also showed a remarkable reduction in both delayed treatment groups [neointima formation (Day 7): 24±7 vs 84±9% (control); neointima formation (Day 14): 28±11 vs 84±9% (control)]. Platelet inhibition alone and in combination with everolimus resulted in reduced alloantibody production. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that delayed treatment with clopidogrel and everolimus-representative of a clinical setting-prevents the progression of transplant arteriosclerosis and impairs humoral immunity in this experimental model.
Non-formal Educator Use of Evaluation Findings: Factors of Influence

Increasing demands for accountability in educational programming have resulted in more frequent calls for program evaluation activity in educational organizations. Many organizations include conducting program evaluations as part of the job responsibilities of program staff. Cooperative Extension is a national system offering non-formal educational programs through land grant universities. Many Extension services require non-formal educational program evaluations be conducted by its locally-based educators. Research on evaluation practice has focused primarily on the evaluation efforts of professional, external evaluators. The evaluation work of program staff that have many responsibilities including program evaluation has received little attention. This study examined how non-formal educators in Cooperative Extension use the results of their program evaluation efforts and what factors influence that use. A conceptual framework adapted from the evaluation use literature guides the examination of how evaluation characteristics, organizational characteristics and stakeholder involvement influence four types of evaluation use; instrumental use, conceptual use, persuasive use and process use. Factor analysis indicates ten types of evaluation use practiced by non-formal educators. Of the variables examined, stakeholder involvement is most influential followed by evaluation characteristics and organizational characteristics. The research implications from the study include empirical confirmation of the framework developed by previous researchers as well as the need for further exploration of potentially influencing factors. Practical implications include delineating accountability and program improvement tasks within Extension in order to improve the results of both. There is some evidence that evaluation capacity building efforts may be increasing instrumental use by educators evaluating their own programs. Non-formal educational organizations are encouraged to involve stakeholders in all levels of evaluation work as one means to increase use of evaluation findings.
Psychotherapy for schizophrenia in the year 2030: prognosis and prognostication.

A number of psychotherapy techniques have been developed that, to varying degrees, have empirical support demonstrating favorable effects in the treatment of schizophrenia (or serious mental illness [SMI]). These techniques, and the research, vary with respect to theoretical origins, format, treatment targets, and expected outcome. A historical perspective informs understanding of this proliferation. One landmark in psychotherapy research was the recognition of common factors: different therapies embody common therapeutic factors not central to any one school. Importantly, insights about common factors reflected a better theoretical understanding of the psychotherapy process and led to the translation of learning and conditioning theories into the psychotherapy vocabulary. This resulted in the distinction between specific and nonspecific treatment effects, which pose present-day research questions such as how common and specific factors interact, and the differentiation of techniques for specific recipients. Because psychotherapy research progresses over the next 25 years, it will be important to develop a model that can answer such questions while incorporating the proliferation of specific modalities and the search for the "right recipe. " This "search" will coincide with more attention to individual differences, it will incorporate quantitative modeling, and it will spawn an array of "tools" for treating problems associated with SMI. Because self-knowledge and personhood again become recognized dimensions of recovery, traditional psychodynamic principles and techniques will be revisited. This article explicates a 4-factor model that may be a view to the future.
For Whom is Mai? A Theoretical Perspective on Multilateral Agreements on Investments

Why do we observe some LDCs objecting to the prospect of a Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI), although they have been keen to liberalize investment in preferential agreements in recent years? In this Paper, we analyse the issue of MAI implementation and assess the welfare consequences of such a kind of agreement. In our model, participation in MAI involves a trade-off between less rent extraction from multinational firms (MNEs) and more abundant FDI inflows. At equilibrium, either all countries enter MAI, or all countries stay out, or only some of them enter. Coordination problems may induce multiple equilibria: the three types of equilibria may coexist. So, the implementation of MAI may depend not only on structural factors but also on the general ‘political climate’. When all countries join MAI, world welfare is maximized because this minimizes the hold-up problem faced by MNEs and stimulates investment. However, in an asymmetric world, welfare gains for all countries are not guaranteed.
A theoretical framework for the evaluation of university‐industry relationships

The purpose of this paper is to build up a theoretical framework to study university-industry interorganisational relations (U-1 IOR) and formulate hypotheses which will be tested on empirical data in a future research phase. Then, a taxonomy for university-industy relationships is proposed. Finally, the problem of evaluating relationships between universities and industries by defining the concept of ‘relationship performance’ is addressed.
Uncertainty, judgment, and the theory of the firm

Abstract: The effects of a truly uncertain future are more far-reaching than what has traditionally been assumed in transaction cost economics (TCE). Uncertain governance choices require that agents exercise judgment in the absence of other means of estimating the payoffs associated with complex combinations of transaction attributes, contractual contingencies, and governance structures. Judgments are made on an experimental basis to incrementally improve actors’ heterogeneous cognitive representations of the contractual landscape. I argue that uncertain governance choices are subject to specific decision-biases that interact with the potentially corrective function of current organization and asymmetries in actors’ access to decision-supporting systems. These asymmetries may affect the contracting parties’ preferences over differential governance structures. Specifically, by overestimating individual unbiased rationality and disregarding how access to decision-supporting systems may affect governance choice, TCE runs the risk of underestimating the degree of vertical integration in actual firms.
Geographic Proximity between Auditor and Client: How Does it Impact Audit Quality?

SUMMARY: Using a large sample of audit client firms, this paper investigates whether and how the geographic proximity between auditor and client affects audit quality proxied by accrual-based earnings quality. We define an auditor as a local auditor (1) if the auditor's practicing office is located in the same metropolitan statistical area (MSA) as the client's headquarters, and (2) if the geographic distance between the two cities where the auditor's practicing office and the client's headquarters are located is within 100 kilometers, or they are in the same MSA. As predicted, our empirical results are consistent with local auditors providing higher-quality audit services than non-local auditors. In addition, as predicted, this quality difference is weakened for diversified clients with more operating or geographic segments. The results are robust to a variety of sensitivity checks. Overall, our evidence suggests that informational advantages associated with local audits enable auditors to better constr.
Epigenetic Control of CACTA Transposon Mobility in Arabidopsis thaliana

Epigenetic mutation, heritable developmental variation not based on a change in nucleotide sequence, is widely reported in plants. However, the developmental and evolutionary significance of such mutations remains enigmatic. On the basis of our studies of the endogenous Arabidopsis transposon CACTA, we propose that the inheritance of epigenetic gene silencing over generations can function as a transgenerational genome defense mechanism against deleterious movement of transposons. We previously reported that silent CACTA1 is mobilized by the DNA hypomethylation mutation ddm1 (decrease in DNA methylation). In this study, we report that CACTA activated by the ddm1 mutation remains mobile in the presence of the wild-type DDM1 gene, suggesting that de novo silencing is not efficient for the defense of the genome against CACTA movement. The defense depends on maintenance of transposon silencing over generations. In addition, we show that the activated CACTA1 element transposes throughout the genome in DDM1 plants, as reported previously for ddm1 backgrounds. Furthermore, the CACTA1 element integrated into both the ddm1-derived and the DDM1-derived chromosomal regions in the DDM1 wild-type plants, demonstrating that this class of transposons does not exhibit targeted integration into heterochromatin, despite its accumulation in the pericentromeric regions in natural populations. The possible contribution of natural selection as a mechanism for the accumulation of transposons and evolution of heterochromatin is discussed.
Elemental composition of platelets. Part III. Determination of Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Mo, Rb, Sb, and Se in normal human platelets by neutron activation analysis.

The elements Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Mo, Rb, Sb, and Se were determined in platelets from seven normal donors. The results, in ng/g wet weight, for plasma-free platelets follow: "Pure" platelets: Ag = 29 +/- (18), au = 0.22 +/- (0.22), Cd = 6.2 +/- 3.4, Cs = 54.8 +/- 19.2, Cr = 6.1 +/- 2.5, Co = 7.5 +/- (5.0), Mo = 3.4 +/- 1.3, Rb = 10400 +/- 3000, Sb = 18 +/- (26), and Se = 782 +/- 127. "Impure" platelets: Au = 0.23 +/- (0.28), Cd = 6.4 +/- 2.6, Cs = 35.2 +/- 13.8, Cr = 8.2 +/- 2.9, Co = 2.9 +/- (3.0), Mo = 3.2 +/- 0.8, Rb = 8700 +/- 1700, Sb = 13.2 +/- (8.7), and Se = 679 +/- 57. To our knowledge, none of these 10 trace elements has been determined in platelets before. The selenium concentration in platelets exceeds that in other tissues (e.g., liver). We suggest that glutathione peroxidase or other unknown selenoenzymes are particularly important in platelet metabolism. Platelets are crucial for triggering thrombosis, and so may be involved as links between selenium deficiency and the concomitant increased death rate from cardiovascular disease.