Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series LNG 2015-1568

In Austrian Standard German (ASG), the vowels as in the words Beeren ‘berries’ and Bären ‘bears’ are usually regarded to be merged. Some acoustic studies on ASG also suggest a merger between the vowels in Miete and Mitte and even between the BEEREN/BÄREN merger and the MIETE vowel. It has also been suggested that the vowels are undergoing change, but the motivation for change and the exact direction is still very much unclear. This paper re-investigates these mergers from a sociolinguistic viewpoint, based on corpus data, and shows that older speakers tend to merge the vowels more than younger speakers. The results point towards ongoing dispersion (or ‘unmerger’). In line with pragmatic studies on ASG, we suggest that this unmerger is motivated by accommodation toward Standard German as it is pronounced in Germany.
Deep Roots ? Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System ( BIS / BAS ) Sensitivity and Entrepreneurship

Highlights  A myriad of psychological constructs are connected to behavior and business venturing.  Two psychophysiological systems (i.e., BIS/BAS) underlie behavior and many psychological constructs.  Differences in BIS/BAS sensitivity appear to affect entrepreneurial intent, action, and performance.  BIS/BAS and associated Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) offer empirical and theoretical parsimony.  BIS/BAS and RST can integrate management inquiry involving personality, motivation, affect, impulsivity, and clinical profiles.
Satellite‐derived, melt‐season surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2000–2005) and its relationship to mass balance

Mean, clear‐sky surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet was measured for each melt season from 2000 to 2005 using Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)–derived land‐surface temperature (LST) data‐product maps. During the period of most‐active melt, the mean, clear‐sky surface temperature of the ice sheet was highest in 2002 (−8.29 ± 5.29°C) and 2005 (−8.29 ± 5.43°C), compared to a 6‐year mean of −9.04 ± 5.59°C, in agreement with recent work by other investigators showing unusually extensive melt in 2002 and 2005. Surface‐temperature variability shows a correspondence with the dry‐snow facies of the ice sheet; a reduction in area of the dry‐snow facies would indicate a more‐negative mass balance. Surface‐temperature variability generally increased during the study period and is most pronounced in the 2005 melt season; this is consistent with surface instability caused by air‐temperature fluctuations.
Is student evaluation of teaching worthwhile? An analytical framework for answering the question

Purpose – To present a framework to facilitate comprehension of research on the effectiveness of the teaching evaluation process.Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive review of the literature that identifies common categories and factors that can be used to construct an analytical framework.Findings – Identifies student related, course related and teacher related aspects of research on teaching evaluations. Factors commonly addressed within these aspects are also identified.Research limitations/implications – Use of the framework to analyse the literature on the student evaluation of teaching (SET) process leads to the view that the time is right to explore other methods of assessing classroom dynamics that could supplement the conventional teacher evaluation process.Practical implications – Educational literature is replete with studies of the SET system, yet due to the preponderance of these studies, it is difficult to take an overview on the effectiveness of this system. On the basis of a compr.
Aerosol optical properties at rural background area in Western Saudi Arabia

To derive the comprehensive aerosol in situ characteristics at a rural background area in Saudi Arabia, an aerosol measurements station was established to Hada Al Sham, 60 km east from the Red Sea and the city of Jeddah. The present sturdy describes the observational data from February 2013 to February 2015 of scattering and absorption coefficients, Ångström exponents and single scattering albedo over the measurement period. The average scattering and absorption coefficients at wavelength 525 nm were 109 ± 71 Mm (mean ± SD, at STP conditions) and 15 ± 17 Mm (at STP conditions), respectively. As expected, the scattering coefficient was dominated by large desert dust particles with low Ångström scattering exponent, 0.49 ± 0.62. Especially from February to June the Ångström scattering exponent was clearly lower (0.23) and scattering coefficients higher (124 Mm) than total averages because of the dust outbreak season. Aerosol optical properties had clear diurnal cycle. The lowest scattering and absorption coefficients and aerosol optical depths were observed around noon. The observed diurnal variation is caused by wind direction and speed, during night time very calm easterly winds are dominating whereas during daytime the stronger westerly winds are dominating (sea breeze). Positive Matrix Factorization mathematical tool was applied to the scattering and absorption coefficients and PM2.5 and coarse mode (PM10–PM2.5) mass concentrations to identify source characteristics. Three different factors with clearly different properties were found; anthropogenic, BC source and desert dust. Mass absorption efficiencies for BC source and desert dust factors were, 6.0 m g and 0.4 m g, respectively, and mass scattering efficiencies for anthropogenic (sulphate) and desert dust, 2.5 m g and 0.8 m g, respectively.
Sampling methods for assessing the diets of Atlantic puffin chicks

Three methods for sampling the diets of Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctjca chicks were compared and evaluated. Prey-carrying puffins were captured in mist-nets, or observed with a telescope or with unaided eyes. Prey samples collected in mist-nets yielded higher proportions of gravid capelin Mallotus villosus than did samples obtained visually. Telescopic samples produced higher estimates of the numbers of larval fish landed by puffins (larval fishes are often lost when food-laden birds are caught in mist-nets), and yielded underestimates of the lengths of male capelin Slight correction factors made the 3 prey sampling methods comparable Visual sampling procedures had the advantages of creating less disturbance and allowing puffins to deliver food to chicks. Use of telescopic sampling is, however, dependent on colony topography. Forage fishes, heavlly dominated by 2-yr-old capelin, made up 88% and 98% of the frequency and mass, respectively, of the prey delivered to puffin chicks. Small prey (larval capelin and sandlance Ammodytes spp., hake Urophycis tenuis, crustaceans) were most commonly fed to young chicks. Gravid and male capelin tended to be more commonly fed to chicks midway through the nestling period, a time of rapid growth. Spent female and immature capelin were fed more commonly to older chicks The lengths of gravid capelin tended to increase through the nestling penod. Gravid and spent female and male capelin and sandlance fed to puffin chicks were shorter in 1992 than in 1993 or 1994. Successful puffin chlcks on Great Island, Newfoundland, Canada, were fed an average of 1105 (SD = 435) prey items weighlng 2812 g (SD = 579) equivalent to 12506 kJ (SD = 2391). Extrapolation of these findings suggests that the population of Atlantic puffins in Newfoundland consumes about 8000+ t of forage fishes, mostly 2-yr-old female capelin during a breeding season. Data on age-class and gender status of prey harvests by marine birds will provide needed input in energetics and trophic models.
A Novel Finite Element Mesh Induced by the Fractal Koch Curve

We present a novel finite element mesh induced by the fractal Koch curve. This finite element mesh is specifically adapted for problems on domains with Koch curve boundaries where the contraction factor of the curve, α, is not equal to three. We describe the algorithm for creating such a mesh and determine the shape regularity of the mesh elements as a function of α. Moreover, we address the presence of singular corners in domains with prefractal Koch curve boundaries and present a refinement of the induced mesh to account for these singularities. Finally, using the theory of Grisvard we present an estimate for finite element interpolation error using the refined induced mesh.
WHAT you know is WHO you know? Communication patterns among resource users as a prerequisite for co-management

The social networks is one factor determining the flow of information within communities and as such may be important in determining successful implementation of community based management. We mapped the social network used for communication of knowledge and information related to natural resource extraction among villagers in a coastal seascape in Kenya. We further identified subgroups and examined their interrelations while measuring to what extent personal attributes such as occupation can explain observed group structure. Finally, we compared the local ecological knowledge held by villagers of different occupations with the structure of the communication network to map how well this structure can explain distribution of ecological knowledge among them. Results show that communication occurs primarily between fishermen who use the same gear type, which may inhibit exchange of ecological knowledge within the community. This may partly explain why the community has been unsuccessful in regulating resource extraction, especially since potentially influential groups of nonfishermen have a limited communication with the various fisher groups. Analysis of network structure also shows that groups most central, and hence potentially most influential, are dominated in numbers by migrant deep sea fishermen, hypothetically less motivated to initiate collective action for resource management. Hence, we conclude that a lack of collective action to remedy an unsustainable situation may be attributed to various different but distinct aspects of the specific structure of the social network.
Sensory and Physiochemical Comparison of Traditional Bone-In Dry-Aged Beef Loin with Bone-Less Dry Ageing and Ageing Using a Moisture Permeable Bag

Beef loins, were de-boned and left unpackaged (n = 12) or packaged using dry-ageing bags (n = 12). A third batch (n = 12) were not boned out and unpackaged. Loins were aged in a chill at 2°C, with steaks (2.54 cm) tested on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 for % yield, colour, texture, pH, cooking losses and microbiological status. Sensory affective analysis and a novel descriptive method (Ranking Descriptive Analysis) were also performed. The dry aged samples had significantly (P < 0.05) higher moisture losses followed by dry-ageing bag samples and bone-in samples. The bone-in samples scored lower for appearance at 21 days, were juicier, but had more off-flavour. Dry aged beef scored significantly higher than the bone-in samples for overall acceptability, but were not significantly better than the dry-ageing bag samples which had reduced moisture losses and greater tenderness. Microbiologically all treatments performed similarly. There were no significant differences in trim losses between dry-aged samples with or without the use of ageing bags. The sensory methods utilised allowed samples to be assessed hedonically and descriptively in real time without the necessity to freeze samples and without reverse storage design.
Evaluating the suitability of coupled biophysical models for fishery management

The potential role of coupled biophysical models in enhancing the conservation, management, and recovery of fish stocks is assessed, with emphasis on anchovy, cod, herring, and sprat in European waters. The assessment indicates that coupled biophysical models are currently capable of simulating transport patterns, along with temperature and prey fields within marine ecosystems; they therefore provide insight into the variability of early-life-stage dynamics and connectivity within stocks. Moreover, the influence of environmental variability on potential recruitment success may be discerned from model hindcasts. Based on case studies, biophysical modelling results are shown to be capable of shedding light on whether stock management frameworks need re-evaluation. Hence, key modelling products were identified that will contribute to the development of viable stock recovery plans and management strategies. The study also suggests that approaches combining observation, process knowledge, and numerical modelling could be a promising way forward in understanding and simulating the dynamics of marine fish populations.
Electrophysiological Methods for Study of Changes in Visual Analyzer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

The electrophysiological (EF) methods are objective methods for studying the visual analyzer function. These include electroretinography (ERG), electrooculography (EOG) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs). ERG and EOG are used for diagnosis and monitoring of a number of diseases of the retina. VEPs depend on the functional integrity of the entire optical path from the retina through the optic nerve, optic tract, the optical radiation to the visual cortex. The electrophysiological methods are widely used in studying the function of the visual analyzer in the ophthalmic and neurological practice, for objectively measuring the visual acuity and the visual field in non-cooperative patients, small children and in simulation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. One of the late complications of DM is diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, often leading to blindness. Nowadays, DR includes retinal neurodegeneration and microvascular complications. By EF studies can evaluate the function of the retina in diabetic patients in an objective manner using ERG, that reflects the EF activity of the neurons in the retina and VEPs, which indicate the electrical conductivity across the optic tract to the visual cortex.
Production , Purification and Optimization of Cellulase by Bacillus licheniformis HI-08 Isolated from the Hindgut of Wood-feeding Termite

Bacteria are potential microorganisms involved in enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural wastes by producing cellulases and other valuable chemicals. Different ionic solvents at different pH and temperature are also involved in the pretreatment of agricultural wastes to enhance the saccharification by cellulases. However, the remaining and conditioning of pretreatment buffers strongly inhibit the cellulase activity. In view of this, a symbiotic cellulolytic strain was isolated from the gut of building infesting termite Heterotermes indicola for the production of ionic-solvent tolerant cellulase. After screening by Congo red, strain HI-08 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was accounted for maximum cellulase production on 2% sugarcane bagasse (1156 U/mL). The crude cellulase was purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, affinity and size exclusion chromatography, with 12.02 purification fold and 32.33% overall recovery. Approximately 55 kDa molecular weight of gel-purified cellulase was revealed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The optimum temperature and pH for maximum cellulase activity was determined as 45°C and 7.0, respectively. Kinetic analysis of purified cellulase showed the Km and Vmax be 2.24 mg/mL and 454.05 μg/mL/min, respectively. Statistical optimization using RSM indicated that sugarcane bagasse was most useful agricultural waste for cellulase production, which proved its candidature in industrial bio ventures. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers
POSTNATAL GROWTH, AGE ESTIMATION, AND SEXUAL MATURITY IN THE FORMOSAN LEAF-NOSED BAT (HIPPOSIDEROS TERASENSIS)

Abstract Changes in body mass, length of forearm, and length of total epiphyseal gaps of young Formosan leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros terasensis) were monitored by marking and recapturing at a maternity colony in central Taiwan. Length of forearm and body mass of 1-day-old neonates averaged 43.3 mm ± 2.7 SD and 15.9 g ± 3.3 SD, respectively. Increase in forearm length and body mass was fastest in the 1st week after birth, but rate of increase decreased thereafter. Length of total epiphyseal gap increased to its maximum size at about 10 days after birth and subsequently decreased linearly. Growth constants derived from the logistic growth model were 0.096 and 0.114 for the increase in length of forearm and body mass, respectively. Age of H. terasensis between 1 and 44 days can be estimated either by length of forearm when forearm length is ≤91 mm or by length of total epiphyseal gap when forearm length is >91 mm. Subsequent monitoring suggested that males of H. terasensis are capable of reaching sexual maturity in their 1st year and females in their 2nd year. When compared with other bats, growth rate of H. terasensis was faster than that of many tropical species but slower than that of most temperate species.
Body Measurements and Their Correlation Between, Slaughter Weight and Hot Carcass Weight of Sudanese Desert Goats as Affect by Feeding Regimen and Castration

The experiment was conducted on desert male goats to evaluate the effect feeding regimen and castration on body measurements and their relationship between carcass measurements, slaughter weight and hot carcass weight. Seventy two (72) male desert goats aged 4-5 months and weighing 12.1 Kg (11.7-12.4 Kg) were used in these experiments. Goats were divided randomly into three groups; each group (24 males) was divided into two sub groups (12 males) in Factorial experimental randomized design. The results revealed that nutrition had significant (p
Marginally turbulent flow in a square duct

A direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow in a straight square duct was performed in order to determine the minimal requirements for self-sustaining turbulence. It was found that turbulence can be maintained for values of the bulk Reynolds number above approximately 1100, corresponding to a friction-velocity-based Reynolds number of 80. The minimum value for the streamwise period of the computational domain is around 190 wall units, roughly independently of the Reynolds number. We present a characterization of the flow state at marginal Reynolds numbers which substantially differs from the fully turbulent one: the marginal state exhibits a four-vortex secondary flow structure alternating in time whereas the fully turbulent one presents the usual eight-vortex pattern. It is shown that in the regime of marginal Reynolds numbers buffer-layer coherent structures play a crucial role in the appearance of secondary flow of Prandtl's second kind.
Measured foliations on nonorientable surfaces

— In this paper, we show that, for a nonorientable surface M, almost all measured foliations in M^F (M) have a compact leaf which is a one-sided curve. In order to do this, we introduce and study a generalization of interval exchange transformations. RESUME. — Nous montrons que presque tout feuilletage mesure (Tune surface non orientable possede une feuille compacte. Pour cela, nous utilisons les involutions lineaires, qui generalisent les echanges d'intervalles.
Assessment of Some Trace Elements in Obese and Non-Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

: Objective: This research was designed to evaluate the serum levels of Copper, Zinc, Nickle, and Chromium in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and to study its possible association with insulin resistance. Methods: Fifty-four women with PCOS and twenty-eight apparently healthy control women with regular menstruation with matching the age and BMI of the patient groups. There are twenty seven obese PCOS patients with BMI> 30 kg/m2 and another twenty-seven non-obese patient PCOS with BMI <30 kg/m 2 . Controls divided into fourteen obese with BMI> 30kg/m 2 and fourteen non-obese with BMI <30 kg/m 2 . Venous blood samples were collected to estimate serum levels of Copper, Zinc, Nickle, and Chromium. Results: The serum concentration of Copper (Cu) and Nickle (Ni) were significantly higher in PCOS Patients groups than controls groups, while the serum concentration of Zinc (Zn) was lowered in both obese and non-obese PCOS patients as compared to obese and non-obese controls samples respectively. There was no significant difference between obese PCOS women and non-obese PCOS women in the level of these elements. Conclusion Higher Serum Copper and Nickle with lower Zinc levels in PCOS patients than control subjects irrespective to BMI. Other study showed that significantly higher values of serum Cu (P<0.04) are also found in insulin resistant women with PCOS compared to the controls (34) . The mechanisms of the effect cupper on PCOS other than insulin resistance is of ROS, glutathione levels and serve a cofactor for enzymes involved in redox oxidase dismutase.
Genetic Aspect of Iraqi PregnantWomen with Pre-Eclampsia

Introduction: One of serious problems of pregnancy complication is the Pre-eclampsia syndrome (PE) which mostly leads to increase morbidity and mortality in mother and fetus. Objective: we aimed to study and evaluate the genetic polymorphism contribution of MTHFR gene in preeclampsia patients and healthy pregnant women. Methods: We examined maternal age, gestational age, BMI, serum homocysteine concentration,proteinuria,systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphism in 52 PE and 50 healthy pregnant women. After DNA extraction from blood samples of all participants the PCR-RFLP technique were applied for detection of MTHFR gene polymorphism. Results:We found the means of serumhomocysteine concentration,proteinuria, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure which were significantly higher in PE patients compared to healthy control (P˂0.05). The miner allele frequency of T genotype was significantly higher in PE patientsthan the subjects of control groups(P˂0.0001) and the risk of PE was higher by 20.9 folds in homozygous allele genotype(TT) when compared with wild genotype(CC) ( OR 20.9, 95% CI= 4.06107.4 P= 0.003). Conclusion:We concluded that the TT genotype of MTHFR gene is increased the risk of PE in pregnant patients of Iraqi population.