Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and methodological review of dynamical friction in major mergers

We investigate the process of dynamical friction from the point of view of the dynamics of galaxy mergers. We are particularly interested in providing an accurate formula for the merger time between galactic halos of similar mass, also known as major mergers. We have reviewed the theoretical foundations of this mechanism, as well as used 605 isolated simulations of binary collisions of galaxies to test a new non-separable expression for the merger timescale. Our study reveals some plausible reasons why merger time formulas existing in the literature may not perform successfully for major mergers, related to both the theory and the methodology applied in the analysis of numerical results.
Plano de ações estratégicas para o enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT) o Brasil 2011-2022

O Plano de Acoes Estrategicas para o Enfrentamento das Doencas Cronicas Nao Transmissiveis (DCNT) no Brasil, 2011-2022, define e prioriza as acoes e os investimentos necessarios para preparar o pais para enfrentar e deter as DCNT nos proximos dez anos. Para a consecucao desse Plano, foram estabelecidas diretrizes que orientarao a definicao ou redefinicao dos instrumentos operacionais que o implementarao, como acoes, estrategias, indicadores, metas, programas, projetos e atividades. Em sua primeira parte, sao apresentadas as informacoes epidemiologicas do Brasil referentes aos quatro principais grupos de DCNT (circulatorias, câncer, respiratorias cronicas e diabetes) e seus fatores de risco em comum modificaveis (tabagismo, alcool, inatividade fisica, alimentacao nao saudavel e obesidade). A abordagem integrada desses fatores de risco atuara nos quatro principais grupos de DCNT e trara beneficios para as demais DCNT. Na sequencia, sao descritas as intervencoes consideradas mais custo-efetivas, bem como aquelas compreendidas como as “melhores apostas”, ou seja, acoes a serem executadas imediatamente para que produzam resultados acelerados em termos de vidas salvas, doencas prevenidas e custos altos evitados.
Multi-Points Cooperative Relay in NOMA System with N-1 DF Relaying Nodes in HD/FD Mode for N User Equipments with Energy Harvesting

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is the key technology promised to be applied in next-generation networks in the near future. In this study, we propose a multi-points cooperative relay (MPCR) NOMA model instead of just using a relay as in previous studies. Based on the channel state information (CSI), the base station (BS) selects a closest user equipment (UE) and sends a superposed signal to this UE as a first relay node. We have assumed that there are N UEs in the network and the N-th UE, which is farthest from BS, has the poorest quality signal transmitted from the BS compared the other UEs. The N-th UE received a forwarded signal from N - 1 relaying nodes that are the UEs with better signal quality. At the i-th relaying node, it detects its own symbol by using successive interference cancellation (SIC) and will forward the superimposed signal to the next closest user, namely the ( i + 1 ) -th UE, and include an excess power which will use for energy harvesting (EH) intention at the next UE. By these, the farthest UE in network can be significantly improved. In addition, closed-form expressions of outage probability for users over both the Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels are also presented. Analysis and simulation results performed by Matlab software, which are presented accurately and clearly, show that the effectiveness of our proposed model and this model will be consistent with the multi-access wireless network in the future.
PENGARUH UKURAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH, PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DAN BELANJA MODAL TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of local government size, regional original income and capital expenditure on the financial performance of local governments in Badung Regency for the period 2013 - 2017. Data analysis techniques used are multiple linear regression analysis. The results of data analysis show that the size of the local government has a negative effect on the financial performance of local governments. This shows that the size of the local government that is proxied by the total assets owned by the local government has not contributed to the financial performance of the local government. Original regional income has a positive effect on the financial performance of local governments. This shows that the higher the local revenue generated, the higher the financial performance of the local government. And capital expenditure has a positive effect on the financial performance of local governments. This shows that the higher capital expenditure made by the government, the higher the financial performance of local governments. Keywords: size, PAD, capital expenditure, financial performance
Strategy for Data: Open it or Hack it?

The open data ventures can be summarized in a way that companies are reluctant to share their data with anyone, whereas governments open their data for citizens, institutions, and businesses as much as they can. However, this principle is changing, since there is added value in the digital information and datasets the companies possess and they are slowly understanding the value of crowdsourcing. In order to engage external experts, companies are reluctant to open their data, but they are interested in hosting hackathons. Hackathons are seen as a valuable direction to engage developers with private data. In this article, we observed and analyzed different industry cases for strategies and opinions on how and why organizations arrange hackathon events to extract information from their data, and how this relates to the popular open data movement. Our results indicate that hackathons offer more control and practical solutions over the fundamental open data approach. It would seem that hackathons provide better inroads for the companies to monetize their datasets and information assets, while open data could bring more visibility to the brand.
A modified faster R-CNN method to improve the performance of the pulmonary nodule detection

In order to realize the accurate and quick positioning of pulmonary nodules in hundreds of two-dimensional CT chest images and reduce the burden of radiologist, the paper proposes a modified faster R-CNN method to improve the performance of the pulmonary nodule detection. Firstly, data enhancement technology is adopted to expand the dataset. Secondly, the image is fed into VGG-16 with de-convolution to extract the shared convolution features. Then, the shared convolution feature is sent to the region proposal network (RPN) to output candidate lung nodule region. Finally, the candidate lung nodule region and the previous shared convolution features are input into ROI pooling layer at the same time, and the characteristics of the corresponding candidate area are extracted. Through the connection layer, a multi task classifier is used to position the regression of the candidate region. According to the features of complex chest image background, large detecting object range and relatively small size of pulmonary nodule compared with natural objects, we design a smaller anchor box to accommodate changes in lung nodule size. In order to get the more accurate description of the characteristics of pulmonary nodules, we add a de-convolution layer with 4, 4, 2 and 512 for nuclear size, step size, filling size and number of nuclei respectively after the last layer of VGG-16 network conv5_3 , resulting in a higher de-convolution feature resolution. Finer granularity can be restored compared with the original feature map. The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy is up by 6.9 percentage points compared with the original model. This model can well detect solitary pulmonary nodules and pulmonary nodules and small nodules, showing certain clinical significance for early screening of lung cancer.
Numerical simulation of flow over ogee crested spillways under high hydraulic head ratio

ABSTRACT Ogee spillway is one of the most common types of the spillway. Researchers have attempted to investigate the hydraulics of ogee structure under hydraulic heads near the design head. Herein, an ogee-crested spillway is studied at heads significantly greater than the design head. The efforts are undertaken to study the hydrodynamic field under high head ratio conditions by conducting a numerical simulation using OpenFOAM with five turbulence closures including standard k–ε, realizable k–ε, RNG k–ε, k–ω SST and LRR. The comparisons of flow parameters under different head ratios with the experimental data demonstrated that the LRR model had the best performance, which shows its strength in cases dealing with flow separation or significant streamline curvature. It is found that with increasing hydraulic head, up to seven times that of the design head, the flow separation zone grows linearly. Discharge coefficients are studied for a wide range of head ratios. It is concluded that increasing head ratio up to five leads to an increase in the discharge coefficient due to decreasing pressure on the ogee crest. As head ratio increases to greater values, the discharge coefficient drops suddenly due to some changes in the pressure field.
Distinct role of flexible and stable encoding in sequential working memory

The serial-position effect in working memory is considered important for studying how a sequence of sensory information can be retained and manipulated simultaneously in neural memory circuits. Here, via a precise analysis of the primacy and recency effects in human psychophysical experiments, we propose that stable and flexible coding take distinct roles of retaining and updating information in working memory, and that their combination induces serial-position effects spontaneously. We found that stable encoding retains memory to induce the primacy effect, while flexible encoding used for learning new inputs induces the recency effect. A model simulation based on human data, confirmed that a neural network with both flexible and stable synapses could reproduce the major characteristics of serial-position effects. Our new prediction, that the control of resource allocation by flexible-stable coding balance can modulate memory performance in sequence-specific manner, was supported by pre-cued memory performance data in humans.
Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Fundamental principles of classical (Newtonian) physics are employed to probe the cosmological lambda Λ; it yields the values ρvac = 2.61 x 10-39 g cm-3 and Λ = 4.87 x 10-66 cm-2. It is revealed that Λ is a fundamental physical constant defined by vacuum density-light speed ρvacc2 correlation. However, the constant accelerates along the groups and periods of a universal spatial periodicity equivalent to the chemical periodicity. Previous results are cited to show that chemical elements are quantum harmonic (periodic) oscillators QHOs and their waveform oscillations exclusively define the vacuum field. The cosmological periodic unit CPU is introduced, it relies on the cosmological principle to argue that a relative physical quantity evaluated for the QHO applies to constituents of corresponding cosmological spatial quanta. Compelling evidences, backed with relevant data and quantitative expressions, are presented to argue that: there was never a big bang, it is a Linde-universe sans “chaotic”; nature posts no singularity; mass does not curve spacetime, neither does metric space curvature trace directly to gravitation nor particle creation, gravity is classical, not quantum; reality is quadri-phasic not mono-phasic with a clear distinction between the atomic waveform defined with absolute atomic mass and condensed matter defined with relative atomic mass; every chemical element exists in three particle-generations thus, dark matter is invisible form (conjugate) of the visible element, its waveform manifests dark energy, it is not implicated in metric space expansion; Planck scale does not exist, radioactivity constrains fundamental length to atomic radius of the heaviest element.
Prandtl number dependence of stratified turbulence

Abstract Stratified turbulence has a horizontally layered structure with quasi-two-dimensional vortices due to buoyancy forces that suppress vertical motion. The Prandtl number $\textit {Pr}$ quantifies the relative strengths of viscosity and buoyancy diffusivity, which damp small-scale velocity and buoyancy fluctuations at different microscales. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) require high resolution to resolve the smallest flow features for large $\textit {Pr}$. To reduce computational demand, $\textit {Pr}$ is often set to 1. In this paper, we explore how varying $\textit {Pr}$ affects stratified turbulence. DNS of homogeneous forced stratified turbulence with $0.7 \le \textit {Pr} \le 8$ are performed for four stratification strengths and buoyancy Reynolds numbers $\textit {Re}_b$ between 0.5 and 60. Energy spectra, buoyancy flux spectra, spectral energy flux and physical space fields are compared for scale-specific $\textit {Pr}$-sensitivity. For $\textit {Re}_b \gtrsim 10$, $\textit {Pr}$-dependence in the kinetic energy is mainly found at scales around and below the Kolmogorov scale. The potential energy and flux exhibit more prominent $\textit {Pr}$-sensitivity. As $\textit {Re}_b$ decreases, this $\textit {Pr}$-dependence extends upscale. With increasing $\textit {Pr}$, the spectra suggest eventual convergence to a limiting spectrum shape at large, finite $\textit {Pr}$, at least at scales at and above the Ozmidov scale. The $\textit {Pr}$-sensitivity of the spectra in the most strongly stratified $\textit {Re}_b<1$ case differed from the rest, since large horizontal scales are affected by viscosity and diffusion. These findings suggest that $\textit {Pr}=1$ DNS reasonably approximate $\textit {Pr} > 1$ DNS with large $\textit {Re}_b$, as long as the focus is on kinetic energy at scales much larger than the Kolmogorov scale, but otherwise stray from $\textit {Pr} > 1$ spectra around and below the Kolmogorov scale, and even upscale when $\textit {Re}_b \lesssim 1$.
Establishing the link between the graph of a parametric curve and the derivatives of its component functions

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the effects of an instructional intervention in which GeoGebra and the think-pair-share method were used to teach the relationship between the graph of a parametric curve and the derivatives of its component functions. The participants in the study were 19 prospective mathematics teachers. To assess the understanding of the participants regarding the content of the instruction, two comparable tests were administered as a pre- and post-test. In order to determine whether there was a difference between the students’ performance on the two tests, a paired samples t-test was conducted on the test scores; the results revealed a significant difference in favour of the post-test. Thus, it was concluded that the adopted teaching method, which included the use of GeoGebra, in delivering the focused content had a positive impact on the students’ understanding.
On the discrepancy of random subsequences of $\{n\alpha\}$

Let $\alpha$ be an irrational number, let $X_1, X_2, \ldots$ be independent, identically distributed, integer-valued random variables, and put $S_k=\sum_{j=1}^k X_j$. Assuming that $X_1$ has finite variance or heavy tails $P (|X_1|>t)\sim ct^{-\beta}$, $0<\beta<2$, in Part I of this paper we proved that, up to logarithmic factors, the order of magnitude of the discrepancy $D_N (S_k \alpha)$ of the first $N$ terms of the sequence $\{S_k \alpha\}$ is $O(N^{-\tau})$, where $\tau= \min (1/(\beta \gamma), 1/2)$ (with $\beta=2$ in the case of finite variances) and $\gamma$ is the strong Diophantine type of $\alpha$. This shows a change of behavior of the discrepancy at $\beta\gamma=2$. In this paper we determine the exact order of magnitude of $D_N (S_k \alpha)$ for $\beta\gamma<1$, and determine the limit distribution of $N^{-1/2} D_N (S_k \alpha)$. We also prove a functional version of these results describing the asymptotic behavior of a wide class of functionals of the sequence $\{S_k \alpha\}$. Finally, we extend our results to the discrepancy of $\{S_k\}$ for general random walks $S_k$ without arithmetic conditions on $X_1$, assuming only a mild polynomial rate on the weak convergence of $\{S_k\}$ to the uniform distribution.
Harmonic Minimization in Three-Phase Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper proposes a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) for fast convergence and harmonic minimization in three-phase eleven-level hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (HC-MLI). Selective harmonic elimination pulsewidth modulation (SHE-PWM) technique implemented through MPSO has been used in the proposed work for synthesizing an eleven-level output voltage using two dc sources, a precharged capacitor, and twelve switches. The switching angles of the three-phase eleven-level HC-MLI has been computed for eliminating specified lower order odd harmonics such as 5th, 7th, 11th, and 13th from the output voltage of the HC-MLI. In the proposed MPSO optimized HC-MLI, capacitor voltage balance is also ensured even at higher modulation indices by utilizing the redundant switching states available at different switching instances of the HC-MLI. The performance of the MPSO optimized three-phase eleven-level HC-MLI has been verified through simulation and experimentation on a 1.5-kW prototype using closed-loop control. The results obtained through MPSO are compared with the results obtained through genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in terms of convergence rate and harmonic content. It has been found that MPSO gives improved results in comparison to GA and PSO.
Pengaruh variabel makro ekonomi, harga emas dan harga minyak dunia terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan(studi pada bursa efek indonesia periode 2013 – 2017)

Pasar modal merupakan salah satu instrumen ekonomi dewasa ini yang mengalami perkembangan sangat pesat. Salah satu ukuran kinerja dari pasar modal adalah indeks saham. Ada banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi Indeks Saham, antara lain tingkat suku bunga domestik, kurs valuta asing, kondisi perekonomian internasional, siklus ekonomi suatu negara, tingkat inflasi, peraturan perpajakan, jumlah uang yang beredar (M.Samsul,2008). Selama periode pengamatan antara tahun 2013-2017 terjadi fenomena dimana hubungan antar variabel makro ekonomi dengan pergerakan IHSG tidak sesuai dengan teori. Hal ini didukung oleh adanya kesenjangan dari hasil penelitian terdahulu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh variabel Tingkat Inflasi, PDB, Kurs Rp/USD, Harga Emas dan Harga Minyak Dunia terhadap IHSG. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis regresi berganda yang dilakukan dengan SPSS 23. Salah satu syarat untuk melakukan uji analisis berganda perlu dilakukan uji asumsi klasik. Hal ini diperlukan agar persamaan regresi yang dihasilkan bersifat BLUE (Best,Linear,Unbiased,Estimator). Selain itu untuk menilai goodness of fit suatu model dilakukan uji koefisien determinasi, uji F, dan uji T. Penelitian ini menggunakan data bulanan dari tahun 2013 – 2017untuk tiap variabel penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Tingkat inflasi berpengaruh negatif terhadap IHSG sementara variabel PDB, Kurs Rp/USD, Harag Emas dan Harga Minyak Dunia tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap IHSG. Selain itu diperoleh bahwa nilai adjustedR squareadalah 42,2%. Ini berarti 42,2% pergerakan IHSG dapat diprediksi dari pergerakan kelima variabel independen tersebut.
Mind the (Convergence) Gap: Bond Predictability Strikes Back!

We show that the difference between the natural rate of interest and the current level of monetary policy stance, which we label Convergence Gap (CG), contains information that is valuable for bond predictability. Adding CG in forecasting regressions of bond excess returns significantly raises the R2, and restores countercyclical variation in bond risk premia that is otherwise missed by forward rates. Consistent with the argument that CG captures the effect of real imbalances on the path of rates, our factor has predictive ability for real bond excess returns. The importance of the gap remains robust out-of-sample and in countries other than the United States. Furthermore, its inclusion brings significant economic gains in the context of dynamic conditional asset allocation. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Memory type estimators of population mean using exponentially weighted moving averages for time scaled surveys

Abstract Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic is a memory type statistic that used present and past information to estimate the population parameter. This study utilizes EWMA statistic to propose a ratio and product estimator for the surveys based on time scale. The usual ratio and product estimators consist of only current sample information, whereas the proposed estimators consist of current as well as past sample information. The mean square error expressions of the proposed estimators are derived and mathematical conditions are established to prove the efficiency of proposed estimators. It is revealed from the results of simulation study that utilization of the past samples information excels the performance of estimator in terms of efficiency. Two real life examples are presented to demonstrate the use of proposed estimators.
Pengaruh Modal, Tenaga Kerja Dan Bahan Baku Terhadap Pendapatan Pengusaha Industri Sanggah Di Kecamatan Mengwi

As the industrial center, Mengwi District has the opportunity to develop better and more advanced sanggah industry, so that it will affect the high income level. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of capital, labor and raw materials simultaneously and partially to the income of industrial entrepreneurs sanggah in District Mengwi.The location of this research is in District Mengwi, Badung regency. The scope of this research is carried out by focusing on the income of the sanggah industrial entrepreneurs and the factors that influence them. The method of determining the sample in this study using the method of Non Probability Sampling. By using the Slovin formula, the population of 132 industrial business entrepreneurs and error limits of 10 percent, then obtained a sample of 57 industrial entrepreneurs.Teknik data analysis used to solve problems in this study is a technique of multiple linear regression analysis.The results showed that capital, labor, and raw materials simultaneously significantly influence the income of industrial entrepreneurs sanggah in District Mengwi. Capital, labor, and raw materials partially have a positive and significant impact on the income of industrial entrepreneurs in Mengwi District. This means that the greater the capital spent, the labor used and the amount of raw materials owned, the greater the likelihood of the number of products produced, so the possibility of income received greater than the proceeds from the sale of production.