Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy and physical functioning post-stroke: Exercise habits and functioning 4 years later? Long-term follow-up after a 1-year long-term intervention period: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Introduction: Physical activity is mandatory if patients are to remain healthy and independent after stroke. Objective: Maintenance of motor function, tone, grip strength, balance, mobility, gait, independence in personal and instrumental activities of daily living, health-related quality-of-life and an active lifestyle 4 years post-stroke. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Results: Four years post-stroke, 37 of the 75 participating persons were eligible for follow-up; 19 (54.3%) from the intensive exercise group and 18 (45%) from the regular exercise group. Both groups were performing equally well with no significant differences in total scores on the BI (p = 0.3), MAS (p = 0.4), BBS (p = 0.1), TUG (p = 0.08), 6MWT (p = 0.1), bilateral grip strength (affected hand, p = 0.8; non-affected hand, p = 0.9) nor in the items of NHP (p > 0.005). Independence in performing the IADL was 40%, while 60% had help from relatives or community-based services. Conclusion: This longitudinal study shows that persons with stroke in two groups with different exercise regimes during the first year after stroke did not differ in long-term outcomes. Both groups maintained function and had a relatively active life style 4 years after the acute incident. The results underline the importance of follow-up testing and encouragement to exercise, to motivate and sustain physical activity patterns, to maintain physical function, not only in the acute but also in the chronic phase of stroke.
Parameter-less population pyramid with feedback

The Parameter-less Population Pyramid (P3) is a recent method proposition that includes the linkage learning mechanisms based on the Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM) clustering. P3 was shown to be effective for solving various hard theoretical problems. In this paper, we show that for problems built from the bimodal deceptive functions the effectiveness of P3 is low due to low quality of linkage information gathered by P3. Therefore, we propose the feedback operation that periodically copies the current best individual to the lowest subpopulation of the pyramid. Such mechanism triggers the climb of the valuable individual from the lowest to the highest pyramid level (subpopulation). This process intensifies the operations performed on the best individual and may lead to breakthroughs. Moreover, it influences the DSM and thus causes the improvement of the linkage information quality.
An analysis of Zipf-Mandelbrot language measures and their application to artificial languages

Studies of word frequency distributions have been used in linguisties for some time and are frequently used in information socnce research for such purposes as predicting numbers of key words or computing the significance of a word by its frequency of occurrence In this paper we provide a historical review of some of the developments in a particular aspect of word frequency analysis known as Zipf's Law but in fact first explicitly formulated by E U Condon, and later modified by B Mandelbrot. We present an exploratory analy sis of the use of Mandelbrot's parameters in discriminating among languages and language usage Some suggestions are made for using these parameters to characterize artificial (command) languages or the manner of use of these languages by different groups, for the purpose of enabling a computer interface to respond to users in a manner suited to their backgrounds or skills.
Parameter Estimation of a Plant Uptake Model for Cyanide: Application to Hydroponic Data

A plant uptake model is applied to describe free cyanide and ferrocyanide transport and fate in willow (Salix eriocephala var. Michaux) grown in hydroponics. The model is applied to experimental data to determine best-fit parameter values, their associated uncertainty, and their relative importance to field-scale phytoremediation applications. The fitted model results, using least-squares optimization of the observed log concentrations, indicate that free cyanide volatilization from leaf tissue and free cyanide cell wall adsorption were negligible. The free cyanide maximum uptake rate and assimilate (noncyanide 15N) first-order leaf loss rate were the only coefficients that significantly affected the model goodness of fit and were concurrently sensitive to data uncertainty in the parameter optimization. Saturation kinetics may be applicable for free cyanide uptake into plants, but not for ferrocyanide uptake, which may occur via preferential protein-mediated or inefficient transpiration stream uptake. Within the free cyanide system, the relative magnitudes of the saturation uptake parameters and the demonstration of an active role for plants in uptake relative to transpiration suggest the potential importance of preferential diffusion through the cell membranes as reported in the literature, rather than protein-mediated uptake. The fitted 13-parameter model matched the observed data well except for the predicted stem and leaf tissue assimilate concentrations, which were significantly underestimated, particularly in the free cyanide system. These low predicted values, combined with the slightly underestimated solution free cyanide removal, suggest that noncyanide 15N redistribution in phloem should be considered.
Case study interpretation—Fort Lauderdale: Case 3

CASE HISTORY The patient is a 58-year-old woman diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by normal karyotype, an internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation of fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene, and a 4 bp insertion mutation of nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene. The patient underwent induction and consolidation chemotherapy but developed relapsed AML shortly thereafter. She underwent reinduction chemotherapy and was scheduled to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplant when was noted to have circulating peripheral blasts consistent with persistent AML. The patient was referred to our institute for consideration of clinical trial utilizing a novel FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PLX3397) as a possible bridge to transplantation (1,2). The bone marrow samples were comprehensively evaluated at two time points: at baseline; prior to therapy with the FLT3 inhibitor (Sample 1) and after 28 days of PLX3397 therapy (Sample 2) to assess response. The patient’s complete blood counts and blood differential counts corresponding to the bone marrow Samples 1 and 2, and the differential counts and some core biopsy characteristics of bone marrow Samples 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 1.
Effect of Phenylbutazone on Uric Acid Metabolism

is obstructed by swelling of the mucosa it may be of benefit to blow oxygen on the obstructed part. It is safe to say that we became more and more conservative in regard to bronchoscopy as time went on, the general impression being that the amount of secretions increases after bronchoscopy. Tapotement and " squeezing " of the thorax seemed to have much greater effect, especially if suction from the bronchi was done simultaneously. Frequent changes in position are also of importance, to avoid atelectasis.
Identidad y Fronteras urbanas en Santiago de Chile

Este articulo analiza a traves de un ejercicio etnografico los procesos deconstruccion identitaria de los habitantes de barrios pobres y medios de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se plantea que las identidades que alli se construyen son expresion de los procesos de segregacion urbana de la ciudad de Santiago y ellas dan cuenta del debilitamiento de un modelo urbano asentado en la heterogeneidad social, la nocion de espacio publico y valores como la ciudadania politica y la integracion social. Paradojalmente, esta misma segregacion urbana abre tambien paso a un imaginario y una practica de vida comunitaria y tribal que refuerza y protege al nosotros de la peligrosidad de los otros .
Burnout of academic staff in South African higher education institutions

The objectives of this study are to assess the psychometric properties of an adapted version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) for academic staff in South African higher education institutions and to investigate differences between the burnout levels of different demographic groups. A survey design was used, with stratified random samples (N = 595) taken of academics in six South African universities. Exploratory factor analysis with target rotations resulted in a three-factor model of burnout, consisting of Exhaustion, Mental Distance and Professional Efficacy. The scales showed acceptable internal consistencies and construct equivalence for two language groups. Practically significant differences were found in the burnout levels of academics with regard to their age.
Milking the Milkers: A Study on Buyer Power in the Dairy Market of Peru

The literature on imperfect competition suggests the existence of two conditions facilitating the exercise of buyer market power: the existence of an inelastic and upward-sloping supply, and the existence of high concentration in purchases. In this study, we use monthly aggregate data (from 1999-2014) of the raw milk market in Peru. We test whether those conditions hold, by analyzing the market and estimating the supply elasticity. Our findings suggest the existence of buyer power in raw milk market since an inelastic raw milk supply and a highly concentrated market is verified. Our assessment is reinforced with the role played by the existing market power of the firms at the downstream segment and the existence of entry barriers in that market segment. JEL Classification-JEL: L11, L12, L13, L41, L42
Assessment not only drives learning, it may also help learning

There is considerable research in cognitive psychology which could provide guidance to medical education researchers and teachers, but which is often ignored because it can be difficult to generalise results from the material or tasks commonly used in psychology laboratories to medical education. It was with great interest, therefore, that I read an article on testenhanced learning, by Larsen, Butler and Roediger, in the October issue of Medical Education. I was then asked to comment on a related article in this issue of the journal that demonstrates the phenomenon in a clinical teaching setting. Larsen et al. described a line of research from cognitive psychology called the ‘testing effect’, which had been applied to both laboratory and educationbased contexts. They were forced to conclude simply with a discussion of its potential implications for medical education. The Kromann et al. paper, in this issue of the journal, suggests that some of that potential can be realised.
Nerve regulation of class I and Class II‐asymmetric forms of acetylcholinesterase in rat skeletal muscles

Two classes of collagen‐tailed, asymmetric forms (A‐forms) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) have been described in skeletal muscles of vertebrates. They are distinguished by their different solubilization requirements: class I A‐forms are solubilized in the presence of high salt, whereas class II A‐forms require in addition a chelating agent for solubilization. We report here that class II A‐forms are less sensitive to nerve section than are class I A‐forms. The latter form decreases faster and to a lower level of activity after denervation. The decay of both AChE classes is more rapidly in short‐stump nerves than in long ones. The effect of nerve section on class II A‐forms appears to be dependent on the particular muscle group being studied. Both classes of A‐forms reappear after muscle reinnervation, but the class I A‐forms recovered earlier. More interestingly, both classes of A‐forms increase in normally innervated skeletal muscles after contralateral nerve injury. In this case, however, the class II A‐forms change first. Muscular disuse induced by contralateral tenotomy is also followed by a rise in class II A‐forms. Our results, showing differences in response and flexibility in the changes of the two classes of A‐forms in several experimental conditions, represent a relevant contribution to the understanding of the regulation and functional role of the asymmetric forms of AChE in vertebrate skeletal muscles.
The Catenin p120ctnInteracts with Kaiso, a Novel BTB/POZ Domain Zinc Finger Transcription Factor

ABSTRACT p120 ctn is an Armadillo repeat domain protein with structural similarity to the cell adhesion cofactors β-catenin and plakoglobin. All three proteins interact directly with the cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin; β-catenin and plakoglobin bind a carboxy-terminal region in a mutually exclusive manner, while p120 binds the juxtamembrane region. Unlike β-catenin and plakoglobin, p120 does not interact with α-catenin, the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), or the transcription factor Lef-1, suggesting that it has unique binding partners and plays a distinct role in the cadherin-catenin complex. Using p120 as bait, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified a novel transcription factor which we named Kaiso. Kaiso’s deduced amino acid sequence revealed an amino-terminal BTB/POZ protein-protein interaction domain and three carboxy-terminal zinc fingers of the C2H2 DNA-binding type. Kaiso thus belongs to a rapidly growing family of POZ-ZF transcription factors that include the Drosophila developmental regulators Tramtrak and Bric à brac, and the human oncoproteins BCL-6 and PLZF, which are causally linked to non-Hodgkins’ lymphoma and acute promyelocytic leukemia, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies to Kaiso were generated and used to immunolocalize the protein and confirm the specificity of the p120-Kaiso interaction in mammalian cells. Kaiso specifically coprecipitated with a variety of p120-specific monoclonal antibodies but not with antibodies to α- or β-catenin, E-cadherin, or APC. Like other POZ-ZF proteins, Kaiso localized to the nucleus and was associated with specific nuclear dots. Yeast two-hybrid interaction assays mapped the binding domains to Arm repeats 1 to 7 of p120 and the carboxy-terminal 200 amino acids of Kaiso. In addition, Kaiso homodimerized via its POZ domain but it did not heterodimerize with BCL-6, which heterodimerizes with PLZF. The involvement of POZ-ZF proteins in development and cancer makes Kaiso an interesting candidate for a downstream effector of cadherin and/or p120 signaling.
Cholinergic dysfunction and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury. Part 1: the structure and function of cerebral cholinergic systems.

T USE OF cholinesterase inhibitors as treatments for cognitive impairments among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common practice in inpatient and outpatient neurorehabilitation settings. The history of this therapeutic approach begins in the mid-1970s, with research and clinical reports describing the potential benefits of physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, for the treatment of posttraumatic cognitive and behavioral problems.1–4 The systemic toxicity and multiple-times daily dosing schedule limited patient, family, and clinician enthusiasm for routine use of physostigmine, and cholinergic augmentation remained an uncommon practice until the release of the current generation of cholinesterase inhibitors (ie, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. As reviewed in detail elsewhere,5–10 subsequent case reports, case series, large open-label studies, and randomized controlled studies have been encouraging with respect to the potential benefits of such treatments in the early and late postinjury periods and suggested that
Serum antibodies to dietary antigens in patients with HIV-1 infection.

Diarrhoea is a common complication of HIV-1 infection [1], but in a considerable proportion of patients, especially in earlier stages of the disease, the cause of diarrhoea remains unclear despite extensive investigation [2]. Increased levels of serum antibodies against food proteins have been described in HIV-infected children [3], similar to patients with non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity [4], coeliac disease [5], or chronic inflammatory bowel disease [6]. These abnormalities are thought to result from increased gut permeability leading to increased uptake of dietary antigens and an aberrant mucosal IgG response in these patients [7]. Increased intestinal permeability [8] and an increase of IgG in mucosal secretions [9] have also been found in patients infected with HIV-1. Since abnormal immunity to dietary antigens may contribute to the pathogenesis of diarrhoea, we investigated serum antibodies to food proteins in HIV-1-infected patients with and without diarrhoea.
Early reduction of WT1 transcripts during induction chemotherapy predicts for longer disease free and overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia

We investigated the prognostic significance of early peripheral blast clearance as assessed by WT1 transcript reduction during the first days of standard induction therapy in 57 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Quantification of WT1 transcript by real-time quantitative PCR in peripheral blood on days 1 and 5 of treatment was performed. WT1 ratio was defined as the ratio of copy number measured on day 1 and on day 5. The median WT1 ratio was greater in patients attaining CR as compared to non-responders (11.68 vs. 2.14, respectively; P=0.0006). Furthermore, DFS and OS were significantly longer in patients displaying a WT1 ratio greater than 5.82 (i.e. the median value of whole cohort) than in patients with WT1 ratio of 5.82 or under (P=0.024 and P<0.001, respectively). These data suggest that early decrease of WT1 copy number in peripheral blood predicts for better outcome and should be considered in the management of AML patients.
Different lens or different picture? Comparing methods of defining dramatic change in psychotherapy

Abstract Objectives: Differing methodologies that identify dramatic change in psychotherapy have been thought to be capturing similar phenomena. We compared three methods—percentage improvement-50% (PI-50), rapid response (RR), and sudden gains (SG)—to identify similarities and differences between these approaches. Methods: Using a large database (n = 11,764) from a western university counseling center, we examined client characteristics (including initial severity and number of sessions in a course of treatment) and treatment outcomes (including overall change and meeting clinically significant criteria) using the Outcome Questionnaire-45. Results: Approximately 47% of clients (n = 5516) met criteria for one or more of the dramatic change definitions examined. Only 498 clients (3.7%) met criteria for all three methods, while 1349 (11.5%) met criteria for only one; RR identified the most clients (41.9%) and SG identified the fewest (4.9%). All definitions were associated with higher rates of clinically significant change at termination. Compared to those who recovered gradually, dramatic changers showed higher initial severity and more overall change. RR showed fewer sessions and PI-50 and SG showed more sessions than those who recovered gradually. Conclusions: Given these differences, consensus needs to be reached in the literature regarding the definition of dramatic change. We call for further theory development and research to help formulate a definition that can be simply applied and that more fully and parsimoniously captures the phenomenon of dramatic change.
Vertebral bone marrow fat associated with lower trabecular BMD and prevalent vertebral fracture in older adults.

CONTEXT Bone marrow fat (BMF) and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual x-ray energy absorptiometry (DXA) are negatively correlated. However, little is known about the association of BMF with fracture or with separate trabecular and cortical bone compartments. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the relationships between vertebral BMF, BMD by quantitative computed tomography, and fracture in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik cohort. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes measures included vertebral BMF (L1-L4) measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, quantitative computed tomography and DXA scans of the hip and spine, and DXA vertebral fracture assessments. Previous clinical fracture was determined from medical records. RESULTS In 257 participants without recent bone-active medication use, mean age was 79 (SD 3.1) years. Mean BMF was 53.5% ± 8.1% in men and 55.0% ± 8.4% in women. Those with prevalent vertebral fracture (21 men, 32 women) had higher mean BMF in models adjusted for BMD. In separate models by sex, the difference was statistically significant only in men (57.3% vs 52.8%, P = 0.02). BMF was associated with lower trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) at the spine (-10.5% difference for each 1 SD increase in BMF, P < 0.01), total hip, and femoral neck, but not with cortical vBMD, in women. In men, BMF was marginally associated with trabecular spine vBMD (-6.1%, P = 0.05). Total hip and spine areal BMD (aBMD) were negatively correlated with BMF in women only. CONCLUSION Higher marrow fat correlated with lower trabecular, but not cortical, BMD in older women but not men. Higher marrow fat was associated with prevalent vertebral fracture in men, even after adjustment for BMD.
Adalimumab induction and maintenance therapy achieve clinical remission and response in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease

Background/Aims This was a Phase 2 study (NCT02015793) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of adalimumab in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Methods Thirty, adult Chinese patients with CD (CD Activity Index [CDAI] 220–450; high-sensitivity [hs]-C-reactive protein [CRP] ≥3 mg/L) received double-blind adalimumab 160/80 mg or 80/40 mg at weeks 0/2, followed by 40 mg at weeks 4 and 6. An open-label extension period occurred from weeks 8–26; patients received 40 mg adalimumab every other week. Serum adalimumab concentration and change from baseline in fecal calprotectin (FC) were measured during the double-blind period. Clinical remission (CDAI <150), response (decrease in CDAI ≥70 points from baseline), and change from baseline in hs-CRP were assessed through week 26. Nonresponder imputation was used for missing categorical data and last observation carried forward for missing hs-CRP/FC values. No formal hypothesis was tested. Adverse events were monitored. Results Mean adalimumab serum concentrations during the induction phase were 13.9–18.1 µg/mL (160/80 mg group) and 7.5−9.5 µg/mL (80/40 mg group). During the double-blind period, higher remission/response rates and greater reductions from baseline in hs-CRP and FC were observed with adalimumab 160/80 mg compared to that with 80/40 mg. Adverse event rates were similar among all treatment groups. Conclusions Adalimumab serum concentrations in Chinese patients with CD were comparable to those observed previously in Western and Japanese patients. Clinically meaningful remission rates and improvement in inflammatory markers were achieved with both dosing regimens; changes occurred rapidly with adalimumab 160/80 mg induction therapy. No new safety signals were reported.