Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitude of undergraduate medical students toward psychiatry: A cross-sectional comparative study

Context: Both psychiatry as a specialty and mental illnesses carry a lot of stigmatizing attitudes. Even medical professionals are not immune to prevailing stigma. Psychiatrists are perceived to have less scientific attitude, earn less money, to be less respected, and to have less prestige. Aims: The present study was designed to know the attitude of medical students with different years of exposure to medical education, toward psychiatry as a specialty. Settings and Design: The study was conducted at JLN medical College, Ajmer. The participants were divided into two groups, undergraduate and interns, respectively. It was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Materials and Methods: Self-administered sociodemographic and Attitude Toward Psychiatry-30 items questionnaires were given to the second-year and medical intern and the scores were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS version 21. Results: Nearly 84% of second-year medical students and 52% of interns had positive attitude toward psychiatry (P = 0.001). Only five second-year (5%) and two intern (1.8%) students affirmatively indicated to choose psychiatry as a career choice, while 73% denied choosing psychiatry as a specialty. Conclusions: Second-year medical students showed more positive attitude than the intern group. Increasing negative attitude in higher classes might be due to poor teaching of psychiatry in under graduate training, ridiculous stereotypic comments and remarks by medical teachers and practitioners belonging to other specialty branches.
Contributions to the use of analogical proportions for machine learning : theoretical properties and application to recommendation. (Contributions à l'usage des proportions analogiques pour l'apprentissage artificiel : propriétés théoriques et application à la recommandation)

Le raisonnement par analogie est reconnu comme une des principales caracteristiques de l'intelligence humaine. En tant que tel, il a pendant longtemps ete etudie par les philosophes et les psychologues, mais de recents travaux s'interessent aussi a sa modelisation d'un point de vue formel a l'aide de proportions analogiques, permettant l'implementation de programmes informatiques. Nous nous interessons ici a l'utilisation des proportions analogiques a des fins predictives, dans un contexte d'apprentissage artificiel. Dans de recents travaux, les classifieurs analogiques ont montre qu'ils sont capables d'obtenir d'excellentes performances sur certains problemes artificiels, la ou d'autres techniques traditionnelles d'apprentissage se montrent beaucoup moins efficaces. Partant de cette observation empirique, cette these s'interesse a deux axes principaux de recherche. Le premier sera de confronter le raisonnement par proportion analogique a des applications pratiques, afin d'etudier la viabilite de l'approche analogique sur des problemes concrets. Le second axe de recherche sera d'etudier les classifieurs analogiques d'un point de vue theorique, car jusqu'a present ceux-ci n'etaient connus que grâce a leurs definitions algorithmiques. Les proprietes theoriques qui decouleront nous permettront de comprendre plus precisement leurs forces, ainsi que leurs faiblesses. Comme domaine d'application, nous avons choisi celui des systemes de recommandation. On reproche souvent a ces derniers de manquer de nouveaute ou de surprise dans les recommandations qui sont adressees aux utilisateurs. Le raisonnement par analogie, capable de mettre en relation des objets en apparence differents, nous est apparu comme un outil potentiel pour repondre a ce probleme. Nos experiences montreront que les systemes analogiques ont tendance a produire des recommandations d'une qualite comparable a celle des methodes existantes, mais que leur complexite algorithmique cubique les penalise trop fortement pour pretendre a des applications pratiques ou le temps de calcul est une des contraintes principales. Du cote theorique, une contribution majeure de cette these est de proposer une definition fonctionnelle des classifieurs analogiques, qui a la particularite d'unifier les approches preexistantes. Cette definition fonctionnelle nous permettra de clairement identifier les liens sous-jacents entre l'approche analogique et l'approche par k plus-proches-voisins, tant au plan algorithmique de haut niveau qu'au plan des proprietes theoriques (taux d'erreur notamment). De plus, nous avons pu identifier un critere qui rend l'application de notre principe d'inference analogique parfaitement certaine (c'est-a-dire sans erreur), exhibant ainsi les proprietes lineaires du raisonnement par analogie.
Prediction model of lymphovascular invasion based on clinicopathological factors in Chinese patients with invasive breast cancer

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and tumor size, histological grade, and the expression statuses of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin, and P53 in invasive breast cancer, then establish a prediction model of LVI based on the associated clinicopathological factors. A total of 392 patients with primary invasive breast cancers were enrolled, and their paraffin-embedded tissues were manufactured into the tissue microarray. We evaluated the expression statuses of ER, PR, HER-2, Ki67, EGFR, VEGF, E-cadherin, and P53 based on immunohistochemistry, histological grade and LVI based on the hematoxylin and eosin stain, and tumor size. The positivity of LVI was significantly higher in the patients with HER-2 positive expression, Ki67 high expression, and tumor size >2 cm by Chi-square test. HER-2, Ki67, and tumor size were risk factors of LVI by multivariate analysis. The areas under the receiver operating curve of HER-2, Ki67, tumor size, and the combination of the 3 clinicopathological factors were 0.614 [P = . 001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.544–0.683], 0.596 (P = .006, 95% CI: 0.529–0.662), 0.575 (P = .03, 95% CI: 0.510–0.641), and 0.670 (P < .001, 95% CI: 0.607–0.734), respectively. HER-2 positive expression, Ki67 high expression, and tumor size >2 cm were risk factors of LVI, whereas the power of the prediction model of LVI based on the 3 clinicopathological factors in invasive breast cancer was low.
Condom use attitude and self-efficacy, and STIs risk perception among Iranian female sex workers: A psychometric study

Abstract In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate psychometric properties of the Persian versions of condom use self-efficacy (CUSES), attitude toward condom use (ATCUS), and sexually transmitted infection risk perception (STIsRP) scales among Iranian female sex workers (FSWs). We translated original versions of the scales into Persian, and through census, recruited and interviewed 140 FSWs. Appropriate validity, reliability, functionality and simplicity were demonstrated for the scales. We found the measurement model with a good fit to the data (χ2 [104] = 89.537, p < .01, CFI = 0.978, NFI = 0.931, TLI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.055 [0.023–0.081]). Our findings supported the applicability of the Persian CUSES, ATCUS, and STIsRP in the Iranian and other Persian-speaking FSW populations.
Comparative study of transepidermal water loss in patients with and without hyperhidrosis by closed-chamber measurer in an air-conditioned environment

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the difference in transepidermal water loss in patients diagnosed with hyperhidrosis and healthy subjects, in an air-conditioned environment. Methods Twenty patients diagnosed with hyperhidrosis and 20 healthy subjects were subjected to quantitative assessment using a closed-chamber device, in six previously established sites. Results The measurements showed different transepidermal water loss values for healthy subjects and patients with hyperhidrosis, especially in the hands and feet. In the Control Group, the median for the hands was 46.4g/m2/hour (p25: 36.0; p75: 57.6), while in the Hyperhidrosis Group, the median was 123.5g/m2/hour (p25: 54.3; p75: 161.2) – p<0.001. For the feet, the Control Group had a median of 41.5g/m2/hour (p25: 31.3; p75: 63.5) and the Hyperhidrosis Group, 61.2g/m2/hour (p25: 32.3; p75: 117) – p<0.02. Measurements of the axillas also showed differences. In the Control Group, the median was 14.8g/m2/hour (p25: 11.8; p75: 19.0) and, in the Hyperhidrosis Group, 83.5g/m2/hour (p25: 29.5; p75: 161.7) – p<0.001. Conclusion Measuring transepidermal water loss is sufficient for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with hyperhidrosis.
Implementation of a Carrier Screening Program in a High-Risk Undergraduate Student Population Using Digital Marketing, Online Education, and Telehealth

Background/Aims: Access to preconception carrier screening, which provides at-risk couples with more reproductive options, is critically important. To address this need in the Jewish community, genetic counselors at Emory University launched JScreen (www.jscreen.org), a national online genetic disease education and carrier screening program. To reach the preconception demographic, JScreen initiated a study evaluating the impact of marketing and education on knowledge and screening activity on college campuses. Methods: Students at 10 universities were targeted with a marketing campaign designed for this initiative. Those who elected screening were provided pre-test video education designed for the study. Success was assessed through enrollment in testing, comparison of pre- and post-education knowledge quizzes, and patient satisfaction surveys evaluating genetic counseling and the JScreen process. Results: A total of 1,794 participants were enrolled. Over 99% of those screened were not pregnant. Knowledge quiz scores improved significantly post-education, and patient satisfaction was over 98%. Conclusions: Findings suggested that the use of targeted marketing helped promote preconception screening in this population. The study demonstrated that video education was effective in educating participants about benefits and limitations of testing. Also, the use of telehealth technology facilitated access to professional genetic counseling services. This study serves as a model for future public health initiatives.
PyTransport: A Python package for the calculation of inflationary correlation functions

PyTransport constitutes a straightforward code written in C++ together with Python scripts which automatically edit, compile and run the C++ code as a Python module. It has been written for Unix-like systems (OS X and Linux). Primarily the module employs the transport approach to inflationary cosmology to calculate the tree-level power-spectrum and bispectrum of user specified models of multi-field inflation, accounting for all sub and super-horizon effects. The transport method we utilise means only coupled differential equations need to be solved, and the implementation presented here combines the speed of C++ with the functionality and convenience of Python. This document details the code and illustrates how to use it with a worked example. It has been updated to be a companion to the second version of the code, PyTransport 2.0, which includes functionality to deal with models of inflation with a curved field space metric.
On the Security of the Multivariate Ring Learning with Errors Problem

The Multivariate Ring Learning with Errors ( m -RLWE) problem was introduced in 2015 by Pedrouzo-Ulloa, Troncoso-Pastoriza and P´erez-Gonz´alez. Instead of working over a polynomial residue ring with one variable as in RLWE, it works over a polynomial residue ring in several variables. However, care must be taken when choosing the multi-variate rings for use in cryptographic applications as they can be either weak or simply equivalent to univariate RLWE. For example, Pedrouzo-Ulloa et al. suggest using tensor products of cyclotomic rings, in particular power-of-two cyclotomic rings. They claim incorrectly that the security increases with the product of the individual degrees. In this paper, we present simple methods to solve the search m -RLWE problem far more eﬃciently than is stated in the current literature by reducing the problem to the RLWE problem in dimension equal to the maximal degree of its components (and not the product) and where the noise increases with the square-root of the degree of the other components. Our methods utilise the fact that the deﬁning cyclotomic polynomials share algebraically related roots. We use these methods to successfully attack the search variant of the m -RLWE problem for a set of parameters estimated to oﬀer more than 2600 bits of security, and being equivalent to solving the bounded distance decoding problem in a highly structured lattice of dimension 16384, in less than two weeks of computation time or just a few hours if parallelized on 128 cores. Finally, we also show that optimizing module-LWE cryptosystems by introducing an extra ring structure as is common practice to optimize LWE, often results in a total breakdown of security.
A small single-domain protein folds through the same pathway on and off the ribosome

Significance All proteins are synthesized by the ribosome and therefore have the opportunity to fold for the first time while they are still attached to it. Although protein folding in vitro has been extensively characterized, we are just beginning to understand how proteins fold on the ribosome, which is essential to understanding protein folding in vivo. Here, we characterize and compare the folding pathway of a single protein domain on the ribosome and in bulk solution. By probing the response of the protein to mechanical force, chemical denaturant, and point mutations, and comparing experimental results to simulations, we show that this single protein domain folds through the same pathway on and off the ribosome. In vivo, proteins fold and function in a complex environment subject to many stresses that can modulate a protein’s energy landscape. One aspect of the environment pertinent to protein folding is the ribosome, since proteins have the opportunity to fold while still bound to the ribosome during translation. We use a combination of force and chemical denaturant (chemomechanical unfolding), as well as point mutations, to characterize the folding mechanism of the src SH3 domain both as a stalled ribosome nascent chain and free in solution. Our results indicate that src SH3 folds through the same pathway on and off the ribosome. Molecular simulations also indicate that the ribosome does not affect the folding pathway for this small protein. Taken together, we conclude that the ribosome does not alter the folding mechanism of this small protein. These results, if general, suggest the ribosome may exert a bigger influence on the folding of multidomain proteins or protein domains that can partially fold before the entire domain sequence is outside the ribosome exit tunnel.
A novel online functional testing methodology based on a fully distributed continuous monitoring approach applied to communicating systems. (Une méthode de test fonctionnel en-ligne basée sur une approche de monitorage distribuée continue appliquée aux systèmes communicants)

MANETs represent a significant area of network research due to the many opportunities derived from the problematics and applications. The most recurring problematics are the mobility, the availability and also the limited resources. A well-known interest in networks and therefore in MANETs is to monitor properties of the network and nodes. The problematics of the MANETs can have a significant impact on the monitoring efforts. Mobility and availability can create incomplete results for the monitoring. The usual properties discussed in monitoring are simple ones, e.g., average CPU consumption, average bandwidth and so on. Moreover, the evolution of networks has led to an increasing need to examine more complex, dependent and intertwined behaviors. The literature states that accuracy of the approaches is not reliable and difficult to achieve due to the dynamic properties of the MANET. Therefore, we propose a decentralized and distributed monitoring architecture that rely on multiple points of observation. The decentralized approach combines gossip and hierarchical algorithms to provide an effective monitoring approach. Through extensive experimentation, we concluded that although we were able to achieve exceptional performance, network fragmentation still has a harsh impact on the approach. Trying to improve our approach, we proposed a distributed approach, relying on stronger bedrock to enhance the overall efficiency and accuracy. It provides a consensus mechanism that allows it to aggregate and provides a more meaningful and accurate result. We support our proposal with numerous mathematical definition that models local results for a single node and global results for the network. Our experiments were evaluated with an emulator built in-house that relies on Amazon Web Services, NS-3, Docker and GoLang with varying number of nodes, network size, network density, speed, mobility algorithms and timeouts. Through this emulator, we were able to analyze multiple aspects of the approaches by providing a repeatable, documented and accessible test beds. We obtained promising results for both approaches, but for the distributed approach, especially regarding accuracy
Which Game Narratives Do Adolescents of Different Gameplay and Sociodemographic Backgrounds Prefer? A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate which narrative elements of digital game narratives are preferred by the general adolescent population, and to examine associations with gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and gameplay frequency. Further, the study aims to discuss how results can be translated to serious digital games. Materials and Methods: Adolescents were recruited through school to complete a survey on narrative preferences in digital games. The survey included questions on sociodemographic information, frequency of gameplay, and an open-ended question on what could be an appealing narrative for them. Data were analyzed in a mixed-methods approach, using thematic analysis and chi-square analyses to determine narrative preferences and the associations between game narrative elements and player characteristics (gender, SES, and frequency of gameplay). Results: The sample consisted of 446 adolescents (12-15 years old) who described 30 narrative subthemes. Preferences included human characters as protagonists; nonhuman characters only as antagonists; realistic settings, such as public places or cities; and a strong conflict surrounding crime, catastrophe, or war. Girls more often than boys defined characters by their age, included avatars, located the narrative in private places, developed profession-related skills, and included a positive atmosphere. Adolescents of nonacademic education more often than adolescents of academic education defined characters by criminal actions. Infrequent players more often included human characters defined by their age than frequent players. After performing a Bonferroni correction, narrative preferences for several gender differences remained. Conclusion: Different narrative elements related to subgroups of adolescents by gender, SES, and frequency of gameplay. Customization of narratives in serious digital health games should be warranted for boys and girls; yet, further research is needed to specify how to address girls in particular.
Prevalence of excessive internet use and its association with psychological distress among university students in South India

Background: Excessive internet use, psychological distress, and its inter-relationship among university students can impact their academic progress, scholastic competence, career goals, and extracurricular interests. Thus, a need exists to evaluate the addictive internet use among university students. Objectives: This study was set up to examine the internet use behaviors, internet addiction (IA), and its association with psychological distress primarily depression among a large group of university students from South India. Methods: Totally 2776 university students aged 18–21 years; pursuing undergraduate studies from a recognized university in South India participated in the study. The patterns of internet use and socioeducational data were collected through the internet use behaviors and demographic data sheet, IA test (IAT) was utilized to assess IA and psychological distress primarily depressive symptoms were evaluated with Self-Report Questionnaire-20. Results: Among the total n = 2776, 29.9% (n = 831) of university students met criterion on IAT for mild IA, 16.4% (n = 455) for moderate addictive use, and 0.5% (n = 13) for severe IA. IA was higher among university students who were male, staying in rented accommodations, accessed internet several times a day, spent more than 3 h per day on the Internet and had psychological distress. Male gender, duration of use, time spent per day, frequency of internet use, and psychological distress (depressive symptoms) predicted IA. Conclusions: IA was present among a substantial proportion of university students which can inhibit their academic progress and impact their psychological health. Early identification of risk factors of IA can facilitate the effective prevention and timely initiation of treatment strategies for IA and psychological distress among university students.
UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection

Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a dimension reduction technique that can be used for visualisation similarly to t-SNE, but also for general non-linear dimension reduction. UMAP has a rigorous mathematical foundation, but is simple to use, with a scikit-learn compatible API. UMAP is among the fastest manifold learning implementations available – significantly faster than most t-SNE implementations.
Hypoplastic thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusion: therapeutic goals

ABSTRACT Platelet transfusions consist a major part of the management of hypoplastic thrombocytopenia, the latter occurring mainly among patients with hematological malignancies. Platelet transfusions have led to a reduction of deaths attributable to thrombocytopenia–induced bleeding, despite their possible complications; nonetheless, prophylactic administration of platelets to patients with severe thrombocytopenia or before invasive procedures should be based on specific criteria, as well as therapeutic administration during active bleeding. Recently developed ex-vivo procedures have resulted in producing safer blood products, yet it remains unclear whether these pathogen-inactivated products have sufficient efficacy. What is more, another significant problem that remains to be more effectively addressed is the developing refractoriness to platelet transfusions.