Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of primary high voltage supply lines on the high speed AC railways systems

The High Speed/High Capacity railway lines uses the 2x25kV-50Hz power supply system that is supplied at high-voltage by dedicated lines that can be placed in close proximity to the railway line. The power system adopted for HS railway lines includes a lot of harmonic sources. Resonance phenomena can cause harmonics amplification with consequent problems as voltages distortion, interference problems and electromagnetic interference with communication lines. This paper presents a detailed model for the railway system (including the primary line) with the aim to evaluate the resonance frequency of the impedance seen by the pantograph.
Cross-level effects of ethical climate on the relationship between psychological contract breach and ethical decision-making intention

This study explored the relationship between psychological contract breach and ethical decisionmaking intention. Previous studies analyzed the relation mainly from the Western cultural perspective, thus leaving the Eastern context. In this regard, the present study examined the cross-level moderating effect of ethical climate on variables at the individual level. Forty state-owned and private companies participated in the study. The findings suggest that organizational ethical climate is not a significant moderator of the relation between individual psychological contract breach and ethical decision-making intention. On the contrary, the findings indicated that individual psychological contract breach and organizational ethical climate significantly influence the ethical decision-making intention of employees.
Molecular Dendritic Calcium Spikes Are Tunable Triggers of Cannabinoid Release and Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons

Understanding the relationship between dendritic excitability and synaptic plasticity is vital for determining how dendrites regulate the input–output function of the neuron. Dendritic calcium spikes have been associated with the induction of long-term changes in synaptic efficacy. Here we use direct recordings from cerebellar Purkinje cell dendrites to show that synaptically activated local dendritic calcium spikes are potent triggers of cannabinoid release, producing a profound and short-term reduction in synaptic efficacy at parallel fiber synapses. Enhancing dendritic excitability by modulating dendritic large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels improves the spread of dendritic calcium spikes and enhances cannabinoid release at the expense of spatial specificity. Our findings reveal that dendritic calcium spikes provide a local and tunable coincidence detection mechanism that readjusts synaptic gain when synchronous activity reaches a threshold, and they reveal a tight link between the regulation of dendritic excitability and the induction of synaptic plasticity.
Direct Measurement of the Anti-Influenza Agent Zanamivir in the Respiratory Tract following Inhalation

ABSTRACT In a single-center, randomized study, zanamivir (Relenza) concentrations in induced sputum samples and nasal washings of healthy adults following oral inhalation were measured. Concentrations in sputum exceeded the median viral neuraminidase 50% inhibitory concentration at 6, 12, and 24 h, and those in nasal washings did so at 6 and 12 h. There were no zanamivir-related adverse events or laboratory abnormalities.
Differences in proviral DNA load between HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients

Introduction:The lesser pathogenicity of HIV-2 relative to HIV-1 is generally attributed to its slower replication. To compare the amounts of total HIV DNA during human HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR method with a unique external quantification standard based on a single plasmid harboring both the HIV-1 and the HIV-2 LTR. Methods:Viral DNA load was compared between 40 HIV-1-infected and 42 HIV-2-infected antiretroviral-naive patients. Results:The difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral DNA load was highly significant in patients with CD4 cell counts > 500 cells/μl [HIV-1: n = 14; median, 2.5; interquartile range (IQR), 2.1–2.7; HIV-2: n = 22, median, 1.6; IQR, 1.0–2.0] and in patients with CD4 cell counts between 300 cells/μl and 500 cells/μl (HIV-1: n = 12; median, 2.7; IQR, 2.3–2.8; HIV-2: n = 11; median, 2.0; IQR, 1.0–2.4). Too few HIV-2-infected patients had CD4 cell counts < 300 cells/μl to detect a significant difference but DNA values were again lower in HIV-2-infected patients (HIV-1: n = 14; median, 2.9; IQR, 2.2–3.2; HIV-2: n = 9; median, 2.7; IQR, 2.2–3.3). Conclusions:These differences are in line with the natural histories of the two infections and show that HIV-2 infection is a valid model for studying the pathophysiology of HIV infection in general.
Associations of high sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels with the prevalence of asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis

High sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), an inflammatory biomarker, has been demonstrated to contribute to the process of atherosclerosis and artery stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hs‐CRP level is associated with asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS).
International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies 2011 , Symposium O Compensation Engineering for Silicon Solar Cells

This paper discusses the role of compensation engineering as a means to allow higher concentrations of dopants in silicon than would otherwise be acceptable for solar cell fabrication. Special attention is given to tri-doping, a technique consisting on the addition of gallium to boron and phosphorus doped UMG-Si (upgraded metallurgical grade silicon) feedstock to better control the net dopant density. Firstly, we review the current understanding of compensated silicon, focusing on the fundamental electronic properties of charge carriers: their density, mobility and lifetime. Based on those parameters, we then model solar cell efficiency in order to identify the advantages and limitations of compensation engineering. Given the current uncertainty of the majority and minority carrier mobilities, we study the possible impact of different levels of mobility reduction on solar cell efficiency. This modelling indicates that it is possible to achieve reasonable solar cell efficiencies, around 18%, even in cases of strong dopant compensation and mobility reduction. Lastly, the alternative of using n-type compensated silicon is briefly discussed, taking into account recent evidence that such material can degrade significantly upon illumination. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) – National University of Singapore (NUS).
The Role of Descriptive Norm within the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Korean Americans' Exercise Behavior

There are few studies investigating psychosocial mechanisms in Korean Americans' exercise behavior. The present study tested the usefulness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting Korean American's exercise behavior and whether the descriptive norm (i.e., perceptions of what others do) improved the predictive validity of the theory of planned behavior. Using a retrospective design and self-report measures, web-survey responses from 198 Korean-American adults were analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses. The theory of planned behavior constructs accounted for 31% of exercise behavior and 43% of exercise intention. Intention and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of exercise behavior. Although the descriptive norm did not augment the theory of planned behavior, all original constructs—attitude, injunctive norm (a narrow definition of subjective norm), and perceived behavioral control—statistically significantly predicted leisure-time physical activity intention. Future studies should consider random sampling, prospective design, and objective measures of physical activity.
Letter: irritable bowel syndrome—how a low‐FODMAP diet or yoga might help. Authors’ reply

1. Schumann D, Langhorst J, Dobos G, Cramer H.Randomised clinical trial: yoga vs a low-FODMAP diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;47:203-211. 2. Kanazawa M, Hongo M, Fukudo S. Visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26:119-121. 3. Major G, Pritchard S, Murray K, et al. Colon hypersensitivity to distension, rather than excessive gas production, produces carbohydrate-related symptoms in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:124-133. 4. Barbara G, Stanghellini V, de Giorgio R, et al. Activated mast cells in proximity to colonic nerves correlate with abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:693-702. 5. Ravnefjord A, Pettersson M, Rehnstr€ om E, Martinez V. Acute colonic ischaemia in rats results in long-term structural changes without alterations of colonic sensitivity. Int J Exp Pathol. 2008;89:476-489. 6. Xu XJ, Zhang YL, Liu L, Pan L, Yao SK. Increased expression of nerve growth factor correlates with visceral hypersensitivity and impaired gut barrier function in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a preliminary explorative study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45:100-114. 7. Andersson PO. Vascular control in the colon and rectum. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1984;93:65-78. 8. Vinay AV, Venkatesh D, Ambarish V. Impact of short-term practice of yoga on heart rate variability. Int J Yoga. 2016;9:62-66. 9. Uno Y. Low-FODMAP diet for exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46:1021-1022. 10. Costa RJS, Snipe RMJ, Kitic CM, Gibson PR. Systematic review: exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome-implications for health and intestinal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46: 246–265.
Lateral visual hemifield asymmetry and sex differences in recognizing low and high spatial frequency filtered faces

The present study investigated whether low and high spatial frequency filtered images of faces were recognized differently when briefly presented in the right and the left visual fields of men and women. The method of confidence rating was applied to assess pooled Receiver Operating Characteristic curves based on z scores and the d´ parameter of Signal Detection Theory for recognition indices, in addition to response times. The results showed that men better recognized low spatial frequency filtered faces than high spatial frequency filtered faces in both visual fields, suggesting that both the right and left hemispheres in males prioritize low spatial frequencies to recognize faces. The results for women were similar to men only when the faces were shown in the left visual field. When the faces were presented in the right visual field, women better recognized high spatial frequency filtered faces, suggesting that the left hemisphere in females prioritizes high spatial frequencies, whereas the right hemisphere in females prioritizes low spatial frequencies to recognize faces.
Catheter-associated thrombosis: thromboprophylaxis for cancer patients who carry factor V Leiden?

Patients with cancer are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism [1]. In the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), there are no unequivocal indications for testing for the presence of thrombophilic abnormalities in either patients or their relatives [2]. However, it has been reported recently that overall, the risk of venous thrombosis in the presence of the factor V Leiden mutation was three-fold increased compared with non-carriers and that patients with cancer and factor V Leiden had a two-fold increased risk of venous thrombosis compared with non-carriers with cancer [3]. In addition, a retrospective cohort study among unselected cancer patients [4] and a cohort study of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma [5] reported a relative risk of venous thrombosis of 3.1 and 4.4, respectively, for cancer patients with the factor V Leiden mutation compared with cancer patients without the factor V Leiden mutation. The use of indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) may be very useful in different clinical situations, including children undergoing anticancer treatment [6]. However, subclavian vein
A Pacific Interdecadal Climate Oscillation with Impacts on Salmon Production

Evidence gleaned from the instrumental record of climate data identifies a robust, recurring pattern of ocean–atmosphere climate variability centered over the midlatitude North Pacific basin. Over the past century, the amplitude of this climate pattern has varied irregularly at interannual-to-interdecadal timescales. There is evidence of reversals in the prevailing polarity of the oscillation occurring around 1925, 1947, and 1977; the last two reversals correspond to dramatic shifts in salmon production regimes in the North Pacific Ocean. This climate pattern also affects coastal sea and continental surface air temperatures, as well as streamflow in major west coast river systems, from Alaska to California.
Belief bias in the perception of sample size adequacy

In two experiments participants were instructed to set aside their own, complete knowledge of a statistical population parameter and to take the perspective of an agent whose knowledge was limited to a random sample. Participants rated the appropriateness of the agent's conclusion about the adequacy of the sample size (which, objectively, was more than adequate). They also rated the agent's intelligence. Whereas previous work suggests that unbelievable statistical conclusions impact reasoning by provoking critical thought which enhances the detection of research flaws, the present studies presented participants an unflawed scenario designed to assess effects of believability on bias. The results included the finding that participants’ complete knowledge did indeed bias their perceptions not only of the adequacy of the sample size, but also of the rationality of the agent drawing the conclusion from the sample. The findings were interpreted in the context of research on belief bias, social attribution, and Theory of Mind.
Analysis of the effectiveness of proline substitutions and glycine replacements in increasing the stability of phage T4 lysozyme

It was previously shown that the two replacements Gly 77 ↠ Ala (G77A) and Ala 82 ↠ Pro (A82P) increase the thermostability of phage T4 lysozyme at pH 6.5. Such replacements are presumed to restrict the degrees of freedom of the unfolded protein and so decrease the entropy of unfolding [B. W. Matthews, H. Nicholson, and W. J. Becktel (1987) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA Vol. 84, pp. 6663–6667].
Cessation among state quitline participants with a mental health condition.

INTRODUCTION Telephone quitlines are an effective treatment option for tobacco cessation in the general population. Many participants who use quitline services have mental health conditions (MHC), yet few published studies have examined the use of quitline services in this population. This study examined the prevalence of MHC among state quitline participants and compared cessation outcomes among those with and without MHC. METHODS Demographic and tobacco use data were collected at enrollment and 7 months post-enrollment using standardized assessments for 10,720 eligible participants who enrolled in a state quitline between September, 2010 and August, 2012. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported MHC was 19.8% (2,086/10,720 callers). The intent to treat quit rate for participants with a MHC was 16.4% compared to 21.5% for those without a MHC (p < .001), and the responder quit rate was 36.9% for those with a MHC compared to 44.4% for those without (p < .001). The adjusted odds ratio describing the association of MHC status and tobacco cessation was identical for both the intent-to-treat and responder populations, and indicated that participants with MHC were 23% less likely to quit (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study identified that participants with MHC accessed a state quitline, but were less likely to quit. The finding was independent of other factors influencing tobacco cessation, such as gender, race, and education. These findings indicate that although quitline services are an option for tobacco cessation among persons with MHC, further research is needed to determine why cessation rates are lower.
Clinical and radiographic predictors of GOLD-unclassified smokers in the COPDGene study.

RATIONALE A significant proportion of smokers have lung function impairment characterized by a reduced FEV(1) with a preserved FEV(1)/FVC ratio. These smokers are a poorly characterized group due to their systematic exclusion from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) studies. OBJECTIVES To characterize the clinical, functional, and radiographic features of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)-Unclassified (FEV(1)/FVC ≥ 0.7 and FEV(1) < 80% predicted) and lower limits of normal (LLN)-unclassified (FEV(1)/FVC ≥ LLN and FEV(1) < LLN) subjects compared to smokers with normal lung function and subjects with COPD. METHODS Data from the first 2,500 subjects enrolled in the COPDGene study were analyzed. All subjects had 10 or more pack-years of smoking and were between the ages of 45 and 80 years. Multivariate regression models were constructed to determine the clinical and radiological variables associated with GOLD-Unclassified (GOLD-U) and LLN-Unclassified status. Separate multivariate regressions were performed in the subgroups of subjects with complete radiologic measurement variables available. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS GOLD-U smokers account for 9% of smokers in COPDGene and have increased body mass index (BMI), a disproportionately reduced total lung capacity, and a higher proportion of nonwhite subjects and subjects with diabetes. GOLD-U subjects exhibit increased airway wall thickness compared to smoking control subjects and decreased gas trapping and bronchodilator responsiveness compared to subjects with COPD. When LLN criteria were used to define the "unclassified" group, African American subjects were no longer overrepresented. Both GOLD-U and LLN-Unclassified subjects demonstrated a wide range of lung function impairment, BMI, and percentage of total lung emphysema. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with reduced FEV(1) and a preserved FEV(1)/FVC ratio are a heterogeneous group with significant symptoms and functional limitation who likely have a variety of underlying etiologies beyond increased BMI. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT000608764).
Long-term Prediction of Cardiovascular Outcomes by Circulating CD34+ and CD34+CD133+ Stem Cells in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular risk varies substantially in the population with diabetes, and biomarkers can improve risk stratification. Circulating stem cells predict future cardiovascular events and death, but data for the population with diabetes are scant. In this study we evaluated the ability of circulating stem cell levels to predict future cardiovascular outcomes and improve risk discrimination in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cohort of 187 patients with type 2 diabetes was monitored for a median of 6.1 years. The primary outcome was time to a first cardiovascular event, defined as 3-point major adverse cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) plus hospitalization for cardiovascular causes. At baseline, we measured six stem/progenitor cell phenotypes in peripheral blood based on expression of CD34, CD133, and KDR. RESULTS The primary outcome occurred in 48 patients (4.5/100 patient-years). Patients with incident cardiovascular events had significantly lower CD34+ and CD34+CD133+ cells than those without. Higher rates of cardiovascular events occurred in patients with below median levels of CD34+ and CD34+CD133+. In Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, a reduced CD34+ (hazard ratio 2.21 [95% CI 1.14–4.29]) and CD34+CD133+ (2.98 [1.46–6.08]) cell count independently predicted future events. Addition of the CD34+ cell count to the reference model or the UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine improved C statistics, continuous net reclassification improvement, and/or integrated discrimination index. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes, a reduced baseline level of circulating CD34+ stem cells predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes up to 6 years later and improves risk stratification.
Minimum probability-of-error perturbation precoding for the one-bit massive MIMO downlink

Linear precoders have been shown to perform reasonably well at low SNR when the basestation of a MIMO downlink employs one-bit digital-to-analog converters to quantize the precoder outputs. However, at medium-to-high SNRs, an error floor is encountered due to the coarse quantization. This paper examines methods for slightly perturbing the transmitted signal prior to quantization in an effort to improve downlink performance at higher SNRs. The perturbation is performed with the goal of minimizing the worst-case probability of error among the user terminals, and assumes that the symbols to be transmitted are drawn from a finite alphabet constellation. Two different types of perturbations are studied, and it is found via simulation that the methods can provide dramatic gains in downlink performance.
Papillary tumor of the pineal region

Primary pineal gland malignancies are uncommon and seldom have papillary architecture. We report a case of a 22‐year‐old male patient who presented with progressive headache, horizontal nystagmus and worsening diplopia. MRI of the brain showed a lesion in the pineal region. The patient was taken for resection of the lesion which was classified as papillary tumor of pineal region (PTPR). Histologically, the neoplasm was cellular, characterized by eosinophilic cells with indistinct borders, large pleomorphic nuclei, numerous apoptotic figures without necrosis or microvascular proliferation. Prominent perivascular pseudorosettes were seen. Diffuse immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 8–18 was noted. Synaptophysin antibody showed membranous and cytoplasmic positivity. Weak staining for GFAP, vimentin, S‐100 protein, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were observed only focally. This is a case report of this rare pineal region neoplasm which only recently has been described as a histopathologic entity. Although the clinicopathological characteristics of this tumor are not entirely understood, a brief review of the literature as well as our contribution suggest an indolent neoplasm with a tendency for local recurrence. Histologically, PTPR demonstrates a unique assortment of epithelial, ependymal, and neuroendocrine features. The differential diagnosis of papillary neoplasms of the pineal region is reviewed.