Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of outcome measurements and reference group(s) to evaluate and compare implant success and failure.

BACKGROUND There is a lack of consensus on measures to assess implant performance in clinical research. OBJECTIVES To investigate the outcomes measures and reference groups employed to evaluate and compare implant success and failure. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (OVID) and Web of Science with searching reference lists of included papers. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Inclusion: root form, titanium implants in dentate or edentulous individuals. Longitudinal studies reporting survival or success outcomes on at least 20 participants ≥ mean 5 years. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Descriptive statistics. RESULTS Two-hundred and sixteen studies were included. Implant survival was the most commonly reported primary outcome (60%) with success at 15.7%. Success constituted a wide variety of measures with little consistency. A percentage of 98.6% of studies employed the implant as the unit of analysis with little consideration of clustering within patients. The status of periodontal and general heath of study groups was unclear for more than 80% studies. The proportion of studies comprising randomized trials or using appropriate analytical methods increased from 1980 to 2011. LIMITATIONS Considers only English language and there was no author contact. CONCLUSION In view of the disparate outcome measures employed to assess dental implant performance, agreement is needed both on a core set of implant outcomes and their statistical management.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Medication-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Review

Research meta-analyses have found that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is beneficial for persistent symptoms of schizophrenia. This review describes and updates the evidence base for this statement. A review of the existing literature (Medline, PsychInfo, and Embase) was carried out according to the guidelines for systematic reviews. Based on the findings of this review, the updated conclusion is that CBT has emerged as an effective adjuvant to antipsychotic medication in the treatment of persistent symptoms of schizophrenia. Studies of the use of CBT in the prodromal phase of psychosis and in combination with family therapy are currently underway.
Women, Sport and Performance: A Physiological Perspective

This comprehensive book, by Christine L. Wells, PhD, represents an extraordinary undertaking. Only a woman as talented, bright, capable, and energetic as Dr Wells could have initiated and completed alone so voluminous a work on this subject. The author has, indeed, accomplished a monumental task and has done an excellent job. The language is clear and articulate and the book conveys a tremendous amount of information. One of the most difficult tasks for any writer is selecting an audience and directing the message to that specific audience. Although this book is intended, according to the author, for the physical education teacher, the coach, and the athlete, the language is too technical and sophisticated for most; much of the content is too technical also. Many of the terms are not defined adequately for the intended audience, and much of the content is too deep and even unnecessary for explaining the information
Effects of Continuity of Care on Medication Duplication Among the Elderly

Background:The effects of continuity of care on health care outcomes are well documented. However, little is known about the effect of continuity at the physician or the site level on the process of care for patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs). Objective:The objective of this study was to examine the effects of physician continuity versus site continuity on duplicated medications received by patients with and without MCCs. Research Design and Subjects:This study utilized a longitudinal design with an 8-year follow-up from 2004 to 2011 of patients aged 65 or older under a universal health insurance program in Taiwan (55,573 subjects and 389,011 subject-years). Generalized estimating equation models with propensity score method were conducted to assess the association between continuity and medication duplication. Results:The rates of subjects receiving duplicated medications ranged from 40.38% to 43.50% with 1.45–1.62 duplicated medications during the study period. The findings revealed that better continuity, either at the physician level or the site level, was significantly associated with fewer duplicated medications. This study also indicated that the physician continuity had a stronger effect on medication duplication than did site continuity. Furthermore, the magnitude of the protective effect of continuity against duplicated medications increased when the patients had more chronic conditions [physician continuity: the marginal effect ranged from −10.7% to −52.9% (all P<0.001); site continuity: the marginal effect ranged from −0.4% (P=0.063) to −31.4% (P<0.001)]. Conclusion:Improving either physician continuity or site continuity may result in fewer duplicated medications, particularly for patients with MCCs.
Control of periodontal infections: a randomized controlled trial I. The primary outcome attachment gain and pocket depth reduction at treated sites.

OBJECTIVE To compare the treatment outcome of scaling and root planing (SRP) in combination with systemic antibiotics, local antibiotic therapy and/or periodontal surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and eighty-seven patients were assigned to eight groups treated by SRP plus none, one, two or three adjunctive treatments and monitored for 24 months in a randomized controlled clinical trial using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Systemic amoxicillin + metronidazole (SMA), local tetracycline delivery (LTC) and periodontal surgery (SURG) were evaluated as adjuncts. Changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were statistically evaluated by ancova of main effects. RESULTS Effects of adjunctive therapy to SRP were minimal at 3 months. Between 3 and 6 months PPD reduction occurred particularly in patients receiving periodontal surgery. After 6 months, both CAL gain and PPD reduction reached a plateau that was maintained at 24 months in all groups. The 24-month CAL gain was improved by SMA (0.50 mm) while PPD was reduced by SMA (0.51 mm) and SURG (0.36 mm). Smoking reduced CAL gain and PPD reduction. CONCLUSION Patients receiving adjunctive therapies generally exhibited improved CAL gain and/or PPD reduction when compared with the outcome of SRP alone. Only additive, not synergistic effects of the various adjunctive therapies were observed.
Effect of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on plaque, gingival inflammation and staining in gingivitis patients: a systematic review.

AIM To systematically evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinses on plaque, gingival inflammation and staining in gingivitis patients. MATERIAL & METHODS Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through April 2011. Randomized controlled clinical trials comparing CHX to placebo/control mouthrinses or oral hygiene (OH) ≥ 4 weeks were included. RESULTS Among 1355 titles, 30 publications fulfilled the selection criteria. Meta-analysis (MA) showed significant weighted mean differences (WMD) favouring CHX. This was -0.39 [95% CI: -0.70; -0.08] for the Plaque Index Silness & Löe, -0.67 [95% CI: -0.82; -0.52] for the Plaque-Index Quigley & Hein (PIQH), -0.32 [95% CI: -0.42; -0.23] for the Gingival Index (GI), -0.08 [95% CI: -0.10; -0.05] for the bleeding aspect of the GI, -0.21 [95% CI: -0.37; -0.04] for the Papillary BIeeding Index, -0.16 [95% CI: -0.26; -0.07] for Bleeding on Marginal Probing and 0.91 [95% CI: 0.12;1.70] for the Lobene Stain Index. MA of studies with a low risk of author-estimated bias showed a WMD of -0.68 [95% CI: -0.85; -0.51] for the PIQH and -0.24 [95% CI: -0.29; -0.20] for the GI in favour of CHX. Relative to control, the reduction with CHX for plaque was 33% and for gingivitis 26%. CHX rinsing groups demonstrated significantly more staining. CONCLUSIONS In gingivitis patients, CHX mouthrinses together with OH versus placebo- or control mouthrinse provide significant reductions in plaque and gingivitis scores, but a significant increase in staining score.
Evaluating indoor pedestrian navigation interfaces using mobile eye tracking

This article describes two user studies that evaluate different interface designs of indoor pedestrian navigation systems displaying landmarks. In particular, very reduced and abstract interfaces only showing route segments and landmarks are compared to depictions additionally showing floor plans. For this purpose, not only the time it took the participants to fulfill the task, but also eye-tracking data were analyzed. The first experiment (N = 81) was carried out with a smartphone. In the second study (N = 69), a device with a bigger screen was used so that gazes on different screen elements could be analyzed. Results show that the participants reach their destination faster with the abstract interface and, moreover, spend less visual attention on this interface.
Impact of platform switching on inter-proximal bone levels around short implants in the posterior region; 1-year results from a randomized clinical trial.

AIM To assess the outcome of short implants (8.5 mm) supplied with a conventional platform-matched implant-abutment connection or a platform-switched design. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty patients with one or more missing teeth in the posterior zone were randomly assigned to be treated with implants with either a conventional (control) or a platform-switched (mismatch 0.35-0.40 mm) implant-abutment connection (test). Follow-up visits were conducted 1 month and 1 year after placing the implant crown. Outcome measures were inter-proximal bone loss, using standardized peri-apical radiographs, implant survival, clinical parameters and patients' satisfaction. RESULTS One year after loading, inter-proximal bone loss around test implants (0.51 ± 0.51 mm) was significantly less than around control implants (0.73 ± 0.48 mm) (p = 0.011). Moreover, bone loss was less around 1 versus 2 adjacent implants (p = 0.001), in both the test (0.29 ± 0.36 versus 0.71 ± 0.55 mm) and control (0.46 ± 0.42 versus 0.88 ± 0.45 mm) group. With regard to implant survival, clinical parameters and patients' satisfaction no differences were observed between the test and control group. CONCLUSION This study suggested that crestal bone resorption may be reduced by platform switching. One year after loading, inter-proximal bone levels were better maintained at implants restored according to the platform switching concept.
Refining definitions of periodontal disease and caries for prediction models of incident tooth loss.

AIM To assess the suitability of different definitions of caries and periodontitis for inclusion in tooth loss prediction models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) is a population-based cohort study conducted in 1997-2001 (SHIP-0) and 2002-2006 (SHIP-1). This sample comprised 2,780 subjects aged 20-81 years with complete information on dental and periodontal status [DMFS status, clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD)]. Analyses on five-year tooth loss were limited to half-mouth data. RESULTS The predictive value of tested definitions was markedly age- and gender-dependent: in 20-39-aged men, the number of decayed or filled surfaces best predicted the number of lost teeth, whereas in young women CAL≥4 mm performed best. In older subjects, periodontal definitions were superior to caries definitions: mean CAL performed best in 40-59-year olds, whereas AL- or PD-related definitions predicted best in 60-81-year olds. On tooth level, mean CAL was the superior definition to assess 5-year incident tooth loss in all strata except for young men. CONCLUSIONS Caries parameters best predicted incident tooth loss in men aged 20-39 years; in the intermediate and oldest age group and in young women, mean AL was most informative. Therefore, prediction models need to be developed for different age and gender groups.
Self-Discrepancy and Eating Disorder Symptoms Across Eating Disorder Diagnostic Groups.

This study examined self-discrepancy, a construct of theoretical relevance to eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, across different types of EDs. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN; n = 112), bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 72), and binge eating disorder (BED; n = 199) completed semi-structured interviews assessing specific types of self-discrepancies. Results revealed that actual:ideal (A:I) discrepancy was positively associated with AN, actual:ought (A:O) discrepancy was positively associated with BN and BED, and self-discrepancies did not differentiate BN from BED. Across diagnoses, A:O discrepancy was positively associated with severity of purging, binge eating, and global ED psychopathology. Further, there were significant interactions between diagnosis and A:O discrepancy for global ED psychopathology and between diagnosis and A:I discrepancy for binge eating and driven exercise. These results support the importance of self-discrepancy as a potential causal and maintenance variable in EDs that differentiates among different types of EDs and symptom severity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Characterization of Intracellular Activity of Antitubercular Constituents the Roots of Euclea natalensis.

Abstract Naphthoquinones and triterpenes isolated from the roots of Euclea natalensis. A.DC (Ebenaceae) were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Crude extract, diospyrin and 7-methyljuglone isolated from the plant, exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8.0, 8.0, and 0.5 µg ml−1, respectively, against M. tuberculosis. H37 Rv (ATCC 27294), a drug-sensitive strain. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 7- methyljuglone against a panel of clinical pan-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. ranged from 0.32 to 1.25 µg/ml. The concentration of 7-methyljuglone that effected a 90% reduction of growth of M. tuberculosis. Erdman within J774.1 macrophages was 0.57 µg/ml. The superior intracellular and extracellular inhibition of M. tuberculosis. by 7-methyljuglone relative to that of the antituberculosis drugs streptomycin and ethambutol suggests that this compound be considered as a lead for further investigations.
Antibacterial activities of chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Hedyotis pilulifera

Abstract Context: Hedyotis pilulifera (Pit.) T.N. Ninh (Rubiaceae) has been used in Vietnamese ethnomedicine; the methanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity in our preliminary screening. Objectives: In this study, compounds from H. pilulifera were isolated and their antibacterial activity in vitro was evaluated. Materials and methods: The aerial parts of H. pilulifera (1.4 kg) were extracted with MeOH, suspended in water and ethyl acetate extract was chromatographed on a silica gel column. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by the combination analyses of spectroscopy including 1D-, 2D-NMR, HRMS and in comparison with the reported NMR data in the literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated for inhibitory effect using the microdilution method toward Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium smegmatis, and MIC values were determined. Results: Twenty compounds were isolated, including five triterpenoids, two steroids, two aromatic compounds, three fatty acids, one quinone derivative, one lignan glycoside, one ceramide and five glycolipids. Among these, oleanolic acid showed significant antibacterial activity against M. smegmatis with the MIC value of 2.5 μg/mL. Remarkably, rotungenic acid showed strong activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, M. smegmatis with MIC values of 2.5, 2.5 and 1.25 μg/mL, respectively. Rotundic acid exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis with the MIC value of 5 μg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the antibacterial activity of rotungenic acid, stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione and (2S,3S,4R,2′R)-2-(2′-hydroxytetracosanoylamino) octadecane-1,3,4-triol was reported for the first time. Conclusions: Oleanolic acid, rotungenic acid, and rotundic acid were considered to be useful for developing new antimicrobial therapeutic agents for human.
Life course dental caries determinants and predictors in children aged 12 years: a population-based birth cohort.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the main dental caries life course determinants and predictors of dental caries at age 12. METHODS This study was nested in a population-based birth cohort started in 1993 in Pelotas, Brazil. A sample of 359 children was followed-up. Dental examinations and interviews were performed at 6 and at 12 years old. Dental caries (DMFT) at 12 years old was the outcome. Exploratory variables included socioeconomic and demographic variables at birth, children's nutritional and development characteristics, primary dental caries, oral health related behaviors and dental service use at age 6 and 12. Poisson regression was used in order to provide relative risk ratio estimates. Attributable risk or etiology fraction and population attributable risk for both main early life variables were calculated. Dental caries prediction (DMFT >or= 1) at 12 years old was tested using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Children who presented height-for-age deficit at 12 months (RR 1.50 CI: 95%=1.03-2.18), children who showed a DMFT of 1-3 and 4-19 at 6 years (RR=2.01; CI: 95%=1.33-3.03, and RR=2.66; CI: 95%=1.81-2.53, respectively) and those children aged 12 in the highest tertile of proportion of teeth experiencing gingival bleeding (RR=1.58; CI: 95%=1.11-2.24) presented a higher level of dental caries at age 12. Attributable risk for dental caries at age 12 were 79.1% and 74.2% for deficit in height for age at 12 months and for primary dental caries at age 6 years respectively; population attributable risk for dental caries at age 12 were 3.1% for deficit in height for age at 12 months and 64.9% for primary dental caries at age 6. The level of accuracy in predicting dental caries at age 12 by using life course socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical data was modest. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support the hypothesis linking social, biological and behavioral exposures and dental caries at 12 years old. In addition, the findings reinforce the lack of accuracy of dental caries predictors therefore limiting the individuals high-risk approach as a public health strategy.
A Comparative Study of Three Different Fixation Techniques for Displaced Two- and Three-Part Proximal Humeral Fractures

목적: 전위된 상완골 근위부 이, 삼분 골절에서 비관혈적 정복 및 경피적 핀 고정술(I군), 이분굴곡날 금속판 및 강선 장력대 고정술(II군), 잠김 압박 금속판 고정술(III군) 간의 치료 결과를 비교, 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 전위된 상완골 근위부 이, 삼분 골절로 수술적 치료를 받고 1년 이상 추시관찰이 가능하였던 I군 16예, II군 19예, III군 18예 를 대상으로 하였다. 방사선학적 결과는 골유합 시기 및 Paavolainen의 방법으로 상완골 경간각을 평가하였고, 임상적 결과는 Neer의 기능 적 평가법을 사용하였으며, 각 군을 다시 65세 이상과 65세 미만으로 나누어 평가하였다. 결과: 골유합률 및 골유합기간, 상완골 경간각, Neer의 평가법 상 임상적 결과에서 II, III군이 I군보다 우수한 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). II군과 III군 사이에서는 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 65세 이상의 환자에서 65세 이하의 환자보다 임상적 결과가 불량하였으며 (p=0.02), 65세 이상 환자에서는 Neer의 평가법 상 III군(평균 87.5점)이 I군(평균 77.2점), II군(평균 79.3점)보다 우수한 임상적 결과를 보 였으나 각 군의 증례 수가 적어 통계학적인 의미를 가지지 못하였다. 합병증은 II, III군에서 발생률이 유의하게 적었다(p=0.005). 결론: 방사선학적 결과 및 임상적 결과에서 II, III군이 I군에 비해 더 좋은 결과를 보였고 II군과 III군 사이에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 전위된 상완골 근위부 골절에 잠김 압박 금속판 고정술과 이분굴곡날 금속판 및 강선 장력대 고정술 모두 유용한 치료 방법으로 판단된다.
Caries and background factors in Norwegian and immigrant 5-year-old children.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the caries status of 5-year-olds in a low caries area, and study associations between dental caries and parent-related factors: parents' education, national origin, oral health behaviours and attitudes. METHODS The material consisted of 523 children and was a stratified random sample. Clinical and radiographic examination was performed in 2007. Enamel and dentine caries were recorded at surface level. Parents filled in questionnaires regarding socioeconomic status, their own oral health behaviours and attitudes. RESULTS Most participants (66%) had no caries experience and 16% had enamel caries only. Dentine caries experience was present in 18% of the children, and 5% had dentine caries experience in five or more teeth. Surfaces with enamel caries constituted half of all surfaces with caries experience. In multiple logistic regression, statistically significant risk indicators for the child having dentine caries experience at the age of five were: having one or both parents of non-western origin (OR = 4.8), both parents (OR = 3.0) or one parent (OR = 2.1) with low education, parental laxness about the child's tooth brushing (OR = 2.8), parents' brushing their own teeth less than twice a day (OR = 2.2) and having parents with frequent sugar intakes (OR = 1.8). CONCLUSION Caries prevalence in 5-year-olds was strongly associated with parent-related factors signifying that information on parents' socioeconomic status, dental behaviours and attitudes should be considered when planning dental services for young children. Our results suggest that the real high risk group is non-western children whose parents have low education.
Primary prevention of eating disorders: characteristics of effective programmes and how to bring them to broader dissemination.

OBJECTIVE Based upon the observation of advances in the primary prevention of eating disorders (ED), it is summarized that school-based programmes, focusing on risk factors for females with interactive elements, dissonance induction and booster sessions yield significant effects even under strong methodological conditions. However, beyond the presented research findings it remains often unclear, if and how programmes can be brought to a broader dissemination within a community, region or country. METHOD Introducing the programme PriMa (German school-based programme for the primary prevention of anorexia nervosa (AN) for girls up to the age of 12), we describe the process of programme evaluation (including 1.006 girls from 42 schools in Thuringia, Germany, who participated in a controlled study using a pre-post-design and a 3 months follow-up), programme implementation and development of follow-up programmes, including an intervention for boys and flanking secondary preventive actions (such as a telephone hotline). RESULTS Using standardized measures, the girls in the intervention group of PriMa reported significant improvements in body self esteem, figure dissatisfaction, knowledge and eating attitudes. The teachers, who conducted the programme, felt well qualified and were evaluated significantly positive by their students. Based upon the PriMa evaluation, we established a comprehensive health promotion programme at 60 Thuringian schools within the last 3 years, which could function as a model of a fruitful cooperation between a governmental institution (Thuringian Ministry of Culture) and a research institution (University Hospital Jena). CONCLUSIONS Existing programmes have the potential for effective prevention of ED. To confirm these effects under 'real world conditions' within a given community will still be a great challenge that often requires methodological and organizational concessions and compromises.