Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of visual deficiencies in children with learning problems in the region of Johannesburg

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vision deficiencies in the children from the schools of the learning disabled compared to the children from the mainstream schools. One hundred and twelve (N = 112) children from the two learning disabled schools and eighty (N = 80) children from the mainstream school, in Johannesburg had their vision assessed. The evaluation of functional vision included visual acuity (Snellen Acuity), refractive status (Static Retinoscopy), ocular health status (Internal and External evaluations), accommodation (Monocular Estimate Method (MEM), ±2.00D Flippers, Donder's push up method), binocularity (Cover Test, Vergence Facility, Smooth Vergences, Near Point of Convergence (NPC) and ocular motilities (Direct Observation). The results of this study revealed a significant relationship of poor vergence facility (Cramer's V =0.369); lead of accommodation of the right (Cramer's V = 0.379) and left eye (Cramer's V= 0.386); poor amplitude of accommodation of the left eye (Cramer's V=0.316) and the mainstream group. A significant relationship was found between the learning disabled group and poor saccadic accuracy (Cramer's V=0.343) and a high lag of accommodation of the right (Cramer's V= 0.379) and the left eye (Cramer's V= 0.386). Both the learner groups in the current study present with different visual deficiencies, and thus comparisons in terms of prevalence is complicated. It will be erroneous to say one group presents with a high prevalence of visual deficiencies than the other nor to conclude that the prevalence of visual deficiencies is the same in both groups. The results of this study provide further support for full vision screenings (including visual integrity pathway, and visual efficiency skills) to be routinely done in both mainstream and schools for the learning disabled. ---000---
Gender Discrimination Among Audit Partners: Differences in Audit Quality

This thesis examines the gender effect on audit quality and the effect of gender discrimination on that effect for U.S. firms. Gender discrimination and chances for women to grow into high business positions are large topics of attention. Previous research on differences between gender in the audit profession show a gender effect on audit quality regarding female audit partners. With the growing debate about the female workforce and the possibilities for women in accounting the debate about discrimination in audit firms arises. This thesis investigates whether gender discrimination among audit partners has an effect on the proposed gender effect from prior research. Using univariate and multivariate tests, the findings show that a gender effect on audit quality exists and that discrimination has some effect on this proposed effect. However, it is still unclear in which direction.
Factors affecting attendance rate to continuing medical education activities in health directorate- Iraq 2013

Background: attending to continuing medical education (CME) activities in Kerbala health directorate affected by different motivations & barriers; individual, structural and organizational. So assessment the attending rate will be helpful to highlight on these factors. Objectives :(1)Assessment the attending rate into CME activities in Kerbala health directorate. (2) barriers & motivations to physicians acquiring the skills and engaging in the CME. (3) identify a general suggestions to improve the attendance and propose solutions to better prepare physicians for ongoing self-assessment and lifelong learning. Method : semi-structured descriptive cross sectional study carried out from 22 nd of June to 30 th of December 2013 at kerbala health directorate, the study sample was 203 specialist doctors, from 6 hospitals &6 administrative departments. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program version 17 and chi square test used for data analysis, and p-value= 0.05 considered statistically significant. Result :94.1% was regular & irregular attending rate, males more regular than females, hospital working more regular attending, as long as the physicians were approached CME activities with; different strategies, external motivations, uses multiple new technologies to learn, setting curriculum, presence of assessment & evaluation, fixed policy, budget, minimize structural & organizational barriers the attending rate would be increased. Conclusion: high attendance rate with poor efficiency & competence of specialist doctors in Kerbala health directorate into CME, participation need mixed external & internal motivating factors, different approaches, well organized planning activities by setting curriculum, assessment, evaluation, budget, fixed policy, minimize managerial barriers with suitable timing, place & provide incentives. Key words : assessment, attending rate, motivations & barriers, postgraduate, CME, policy, lifelong learning, medical educator
ASPECTS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MENTAL ILLNESS: STUDIES IN RECORD LINKAGE

fine themselves rigidly to it; they present a carefully balanced account of the known pharmacological effects of each drug, and are at pains not to overemphasize those actions that fit in with the general notion. Finally, the authors briefly discuss the drugs currently used to treat tremor. No similar comprehensive contemporary monograph on tremor exists and this book will serve as a useful reference to the many scientists who have tried to unravel the mystery of tremor. However, it is more a progress report than a definitive work, for, as the authors conclude, 'It has become increasingly clear during the preparation of this monograph that any attempt to draw generalised conclusions concerning tremor, whether normal or disease-or drug-induced, is doomed to failure'. Future work, helped and perhaps prompted by this book, may allow the authors to modify this conclusion.
The relationship between pre-service teachers' use of 21st century learner skills and 21st century teacher skills

The main purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis as teachers teach the way learn within the scope of 21st century learner skills and 21st century teacher skills. For this purpose; single survey, causal-comparative and correlational survey research models were conducted with co-utilization. The participants of the study were 2506 preservice teachers who were selected via cluster sampling technique from 54624 preservice teachers in Turkey. With this context; 21 st century learner skills use scale and 21 st century teacher skills use scale were developed and utilized to collect the data. According to research findings, preservice teachers use of 21st century learner skills and its sub dimensions (cognitive, autonomous, collaboration and flexibility, and innovativeness skills), and 21st century teacher skills and its sub dimensions (administrative, technopedagogical, affirmative, flexible teaching, and generative skills) above midlevel. In addition to these, preservice teachers’ use of 21st century learner skills and 21st century teacher skills differ regarding university, department, and university*department. It was found that use of all sub dimensions of 21st century learner skills use predicts 21st century teacher skills use.
Imaginative , Innovative , and Creative Curriculum ( IICC )

Education is a valued asset for economic, social and cultural development. Literature clearly shows that the development of nations depends on the capacity of individuals and peoples to be imaginative to continually adapt and invent in a fast changing and complex world. It is to develop the know how of concepts and practices of the physical and social world. This capacity needs to be enhanced by key skills like numeration, information technology (IT), communication, team work, self-management and problem solving (Diamond 1998, Biggs 2003, The Higher Education Academy 2006).
Title Effects of Fluoride on Two Chemical Models of Enamel Demineralization

This study evaluated the effects of fluoride on subsurface enamel demineralization induced by two commonly used chemical models. Forty-eight enamel blocks were demineralized at pH = 5.0 by an acetate buffer (Group 1), a lactate buffer (Group 2), an acetate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 3) and a lactate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 4) at 25 ◦C for 3 weeks. The surface destruction percentage (SDP), mineral loss and lesion depth of the blocks were studied using micro-computed tomography. An elemental analysis of the enamel surface was evaluated using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Surface micro-hardness was determined by the Knoop Hardness Test. The mean lesion depth of Groups 1 through 4 were 134.1 ± 27.2 μm, 96.1 ± 16.5 μm, 97.5 ± 22.4 μm and 91.1 ± 16.2 μm, respectively (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3 > 4). The SDPs of groups 1 through 4 were 7.8 ± 8.93%, 0.71 ± 1.6%, 0.36 ± 1.70% and 1.36 ± 2.94% (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3, 4). The fluoride in mean weight percentages of groups 1 through 4 were 1.12 ± 0.24%, 1.10 ± 0.20%, 1.45 ± 0.40% and 1.51 ± 0.51%, respectively (p < 0.001; group 3, 4 > 1, 2). The mean Knoop hardness values of groups 1 through 4 were 27.5 ± 13.3, 39.7 ± 19.3, 73.6 ± 44.2 and 91.0 ± 57.2, respectively (p < 0.001; group 4 > 3 > 2 > 1). The chemical model using an acetate buffer solution created significantly deeper zones of subsurface demineralization on enamel than the lactate buffer solution. An acetate buffer may damage the enamel surface, but the surface damage can be prevented by adding fluoride.
DISCREPANCY BETWEEN CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL DETERMINATIONS OF GASTRIC CANCER AND PROGNOSIS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between patients' prognosis and the discrepancy between macroscopic and pathological findings in gastric cancer. Consecutive 900 patients with gastric cancer who underwent resection for gastric cancer, were studied for the discrepancy between naked-eye and pathological findings of gastric cancers and for immunological makers, such as CD3 T, CD4 T cell, CD8 Tcell and immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP). We demonstrated that patients whose tumors were both macroscopically and histologyically diagnosed early cancers showed significantly lower IAP levels than those whose tumors were macroscopically diagnosed adcanced, but histologyically diagnosed early cancers, and they also had better outcome than the other. In conclusion, surgeons' naked-eye determinations are very important to fight against gastric cancer, especially in patients with well differentiated adenocarcinoma, and moreover, patients who have more immunosuppressive conditions are tend to take misdiagnose.
Contribution of non-genetic factors to the reproductive performance of Mirandesa cows

1School of Agriculture of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança Animal Sci. Dept. Bragança. Portugal. 2IRTA. Animal Welfare Subprogramme. Monells (Girona). Spain. 3Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). Department of Clinical Sciences Uppsala. Sweden. 4Consellería do Medio Rural. Farm Counselling Services. Xunta de Galicia. Lugo. Spain. 5University of Santiago de Compostela. Deinal Spin-off. Lugo. Spain. 6University of Santiago de Compostela. Faculty of Veterinary. Department of Anatomy and Animal Production. Lugo. Spain. 7Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV). Vila Real. Portugal.
CARDIFF METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Prifysgol Fetropolitan Caerdydd CARDIFF SCHOOL OF SPORT DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) SPORT AND EXERCISE SCIENCE 2013-4 The Relationship between Re-injury Anxiety and the Sources of Sport Confidence (Dissertation submitted under the discipline of Sport Psych

To include: collation of information and ideas and evaluation of those ideas relative to the extant literature/concept/theory and research question/problem; adoption of a personal position on the study by linking and combining different elements of the data reported; discussion of the real-life impact of your research findings for coaches and/or practitioners (i.e. practical implications); discussion of the limitations and a critical reflection of the approach/process adopted; and indication of potential improvements and future developments building on the study; and a conclusion which summarises the relationship between the research question and the major findings.
A Faceted Eye on Intellectual Giftedness: Examining the Personality of Gifted Students Using FFM Domains and Facets

The study examines the personality profile of gifted vs. average-ability students from the perspective of the FFM. The issue was approached by (1) reviewing the literature for well-established personality characteristics of the gifted, (2) establishing correspondences between these traits and FFM domains/facets, and (3) formulating a domain and a facet-level model which were hypothesized to discriminate significantly between gifted and nongifted students. The domain-level model consisted of Openness and Agreeableness. The facet-level model included 14 traits: Anxiety, Impulsiveness, Gregariousness, Assertiveness, Fantasy, Feelings, Aesthetics, Ideas, Compliance, Modesty, Tendermindedness, Order, Achievement, and Deliberation. The models were tested on three samples (N1=515 high-school students, 155 gifted; N2=132 psychology students, 28 gifted; N3=443 psychology students, 91 gifted). Results indicate that the domain-level model does not discriminate significantly between gifted and nongifted students in each sample, whereas the proposed 14-facet model yields a significant discrimination across all samples. The latter model may be further adjusted by removing facets which proved inconsistent or unsubstantial in distinguishing between the two groups. This yields a 7-facet discriminant function, which is also significant across samples, indicating that gifted students are consistently distinguished by a combination of high Ideas, Fantasy, Aesthetics, and Assertiveness, but low Gregariuosness, Modesty, and Tendermindeness. Educational implications and limitations are discussed.
Microsatellite markers in avocado (Persea americana Mill.): development of dinucleotide and trinucleotide markers

This paper compares the development of microsatellite markers from two genomic DNA libraries of avocado cultivar Hass enriched for dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats. Sequencing showed 86 and 31% of clones from the respective libraries to contain microsatellites. However, banding profiles of trinucleotide loci were easier to interpret than those of dinucleotide loci. Of 376 dinucleotidecontaining clones, 81% harbored AG repeats and 19% contained AC repeats. A subset of 104 trinucleotide-containing clones consisted of ATG repeats (44%), AGT repeats (30%), and AAG repeats (16%). Array lengths of up to 34 were attained in the dinucleotide repeat microsatellites, whereas trinucleotide arrays never exceeded 11 elements. Typing 37 genotypes at 25 loci (11 dinucleotide and 14 trinucleotide loci) revealed a total of 204 alleles, of which 60% originated from the dinucleotide loci. Average heterozygosity of the diand trinucleotide loci was 73.4 and 52.6%, respectively. Many loci, especially dinucleotide loci, exhibited allele size differences that were not multiples of the repeat unit, suggesting nonstepwise mutational mechanisms. Several loci were additionally characterized by large gaps in the allele size distribution. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Three cases of a complete hydatidiform mole along with a coexisting live fetus (CMCF) with different clinical courses but similar outcome without a surviving neonate are presented along with a review

Twin pregnancy consisting of a hydatidiform mole and a normal coexisting fetus is rare; the incidence of such an occurrence ranges from 1 in 22 000 to 100 000 pregnancies and this may be increasing with the greater use of assisted reproductive techniques (1). The management of these pregnancies is difficult because they can be associated with complications such as fetal death, vaginal bleeding, pre-eclampsia,
Brannan M, Fleetwood S, O'Mahoney J, Vincent S. Critical Essay: Meta-Analysis: A Critical Realist Critique and Alternative. Human Relations (2016)

Meta-analysis has proved increasingly popular in management and organisation studies as a way of combining existing empirical quantitative research to generate a statistical estimate of how strongly variables are associated. Whilst a number of studies identify technical, procedural and practical limitations of meta-analyses, none have yet tackled the metatheoretical flaws in this approach. We deploy critical realist meta-theory to argue that the individual quantitative studies, upon which meta-analysis relies, lack explanatory power because they are rooted in quasi-empiricist meta-theory. This problem, we argue, is carried over in meta-analyses. We then propose a ‘Critical Realist Synthesis’ as a potential alternative to the use of meta-analysis in organisation studies and social science more widely.
Effective interventions for reducing diabetes distress: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Aims: To identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which diabetes distress (DD) was assessed in adults under experimental conditions and to undertake meta-analysis of intervention components to determine effective interventions for reducing DD. Methods: Systematic review searching Medline, Psychinfo and Embase to March 2013 for studies measuring DD. Two reviewers assessed citations and full papers for eligibility based on RCT design and Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale or Diabetes Distress Scale outcome measure. Interventions were categorised by content and medium of delivery. Meta-analyses were undertaken by intervention category where ≥7 studies were available. Standardised mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were computed and combined in a random effects meta-analysis. Results: Of 16 627 citations reviewed, 41 RCTs involving 6650 participants were included. Twenty-one a priori meta-analyses were undertaken. Effective interventions were psycho-education (−0.21 [−0.33, −0.09]), generalist interventionist (−0.19 [−0.31, −0.08]), ≥6 sessions (−0.14 [−0.26, −0.03]) and ≥3 months duration (−0.14 [−0.24, −0.03]). Motivational interviewing reduced DD (−0.09 [−0.18, −0.00]) and improved baseline elevated glycaemia (−0.16 [−0.28, −0.04]). Although statistical significance was observed most effect sizes were below 0.2. Conclusion: The review signposts interventions likely to reduce elevated DD in Type 1 and Type 2 and across the age profile. Interventional research is needed and warranted targeting elevated distress.
On the concept of dynamical reduction: the case of coupled oscillators

An overview is given on two representative methods of dynamical reduction known as centre-manifold reduction and phase reduction. These theories are presented in a somewhat more unified fashion than the theories in the past. The target systems of reduction are coupled limit-cycle oscillators. Particular emphasis is placed on the remarkable structural similarity existing between these theories. While the two basic principles, i.e. (i) reduction of dynamical degrees of freedom and (ii) transformation of reduced evolution equation to a canonical form, are shared commonly by reduction methods in general, it is shown how these principles are incorporated into the above two reduction theories in a coherent manner. Regarding the phase reduction, a new formulation of perturbative expansion is presented for discrete populations of oscillators. The style of description is intended to be so informal that one may digest, without being bothered with technicalities, what has been done after all under the word reduction. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Coupling functions: dynamical interaction mechanisms in the physical, biological and social sciences’.
3D Printed Maps and Icons for Inclusion: Testing in the Wild by People who are Blind or have Low Vision

The difficulty and consequent fear of travel is one of the most disabling consequences of blindness and severe vision impairment, affecting confidence and quality of life. Traditional tactile graphics are vital in the Orientation and Mobility training process, however 3D printing may have the capacity to enable production of more meaningful and inclusive maps. This study explored the use of 3D printed maps on site at a public event to examine their suitability and to identify guidelines for the design of future 3D maps. An iterative design process was used in the production of the 3D maps, with feedback from visitors who are blind or have low vision informing the recommendations for their design and use. For example, it was found that many representational 3D icons could be recognised by touch without the need for a key and that such a map helped form mental models of the event space. Complex maps, however, require time to explore and should be made available before an event or at the entrance in a comfortable position. The maps were found to support the orientation and mobility process, and importantly to also promote a positive message about inclusion and accessibility.
Identifying Indoor Navigation Landmarks Using a Hierarchical Multi-Criteria Decision Framework

Landmarks play a vital role in human wayfinding by providing the structure for mental spatial representations and indicating locations with which to orient. Less research effort has been allocated towards automated landmark identification in indoor environments despite a growing interest in indoor navigation in the scientific community. In this paper, we propose a computational framework to identify indoor landmarks that is based on a hierarchical multi-criteria decision model and grounded in theories of spatial cognition and human information processing. Our model of landmark salience is represented as a hierarchical integration process of low-level features derived from a three-part, higher-level, salience vector (i.e., cognitive, spatial, and subjective salience). We use a fuzzy hierarchical composite-weighted (objective and subjective) Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to derive the rankings for identified objects at decision points (i.e., intersections). The top N objects are then selected and compared to a list of landmarks derived from an eye-tracking based virtual reality (VR) experiment. A substantial overlap of 79% was observed between these two lists. The proposed framework is capable of reliably and accurately detecting indoor landmarks, which can be employed in the development of landmark-based robot/autonomous agent motion and indoor guidance systems.