Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Profiling and Chemopreventive Activity of Phloretin on 7,12-Dimethylbenz (A) Anthracene Induced Oral Carcinogenesis in Male Golden Syrian Hamsters

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the chemopreventive effects of phloretin against 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis in male golden Syrian hamsters in order to discover resources to improve the traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: Hamsters were divided into four groups of 10 animals each. Group I was served as an untreated control. Group II hamsters were painted with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin on the left buccal pouches three times a week for 14 weeks. Group III hamsters were orally administrated with phloretin at a dose of 40 mg/kg body Weight (b.wt) on days alternate to DMBA application. Group IV hamsters were orally administrated with phloretin alone and served as the drug control. The experiment was terminated at the end of fourteenth week. The experimental animal′s tumors were subjected into morphological examination and subsequently screened the pathological changes and estimate the activities of bi-products of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants enzymes and phase I and II detoxification enzyme status. Results: In DMBA alone treated hamster showed increased levels of lipid peroxidation by products, leads to decreased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants status, activities of phase I and II detoxification enzyme status were altered. Normalized the neoplastic changes, decreased the levels of lipid by products, retain the antioxidants and restored the phase I and II enzymes were observed in phloretin administrated animals during DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis. Conclusion: Phloretin has possible chemopreventive role in which modulating the antioxidant and detoxification enzyme status, thereby retarding DMBA induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis.
PENGEMBANGAN KREATIVITAS PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI AKTIVITAS BERMAIN

Kreativitas merupakan salah satu potensi anak yang harus dikembangkan sejak dini. Setiap anak memiliki bakat kreatif, bila ditinjau dari segi pendidikan, bakat kreatif dapat dikembangkan, oleh karena itu perlu dipupuk sejak usia dini. Melalui aktivitas bermain yang sistematis dan disesuaikan dengan kelompok usia pertumbuhan dan perkembangan maka potensi kreativitas anak akan berkembang secara optimal. Bermain sangat penting bagi anak. Penting bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Herbert Spencer (Catron & Allen, 1999) menyatakan bahwa anak bermain karena mereka punya energi berlebih. Anak bermain karena mereka berinteraksi guna belajar mengkreasikan pengetahuan. Jadi bermain sangat besar sumbangannya terhadap daya kreativitas anak usia dini. Kata kunci : Anak usia dini, kreativitas, aktivitas bermain
Clustering and Switching in Phonemic Fluency Following Pallidotomy for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Phonemic fluency impairments have been reported as one of the most consistent cognitive declines following pallidotomy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In 39 pallidotomy patients, we evaluated two dissociable processes involved in phonemic fluency: (1) clustering, the ability to generate words within clusters or subcategories, which has been related to intact temporal lobe functioning; and (2) switching, the ability to shift between clusters, which has been related to frontostriatal integrity. We also correlated the location of the lesion in the pallidum and adjacent structures with the effect on phonemic fluency. Pallidotomy patients generated significantly fewer words on phonemic fluency for up to a year following surgery, with a decline in the total number of switches made, rather than a decline in the number of clusters generated. Patients whose lesions on postoperative neuroimaging fell entirely or mostly within the GPi performed worse on switching than patients whose lesions fell half outside of the GPi, either within the GPe or the internal capsule. However, no significant differences were found for lesion location 6 months following surgery. The findings support the hypothesis that the GPi plays a role in cognitive functioning.
Iceberg Discharges into the North Atlantic on Millennial Time Scales During the Last Glaciation

High-resolution studies of North Atlantic deep sea cores demonstrate that prominent increases in iceberg calving recurred at intervals of 2000 to 3000 years, much more frequently than the 7000-to 10,000-year pacing of massive ice discharges associated with Heinrich events. The calving cycles correlate with warm-cold oscillations, called Dansgaard-Oeschger events, in Greenland ice cores. Each cycle records synchronous discharges of ice from different sources, and the cycles are decoupled from sea-surface temperatures. These findings point to a mechanism operating within the atmosphere that caused rapid oscillations in air temperatures above Greenland and in calving from more than one ice sheet.
Coagulation and fibrinolysis disorder in muscular dystrophy

To investigate whether there are any basic abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis in muscular dystrophy, we measured serum levels of the MM isozyme of creatine kinase (CK‐MM), fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), plasma levels of fibrinogen, antithrombin (AT), and D‐dimer in 36 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), 11 with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), 5 with Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), 5 with myotonic dystrophy (MyD), and 5 with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 2. FDP levels were elevated in the patients with DMD, BMD, and FCMD (1.0 to 84.9 μg/ml), but not in the patients with MyD and SMA type 2. In DMD, BMD, and FCMD, FDP levels significantly correlated with CK‐MM, but not with age, fibrinogen, AT, D‐dimer, and type of dystrophy (multiple regression analysis; r2 = 0.814, P < 0.0001). These findings suggested that enhanced coagulation and fibrinolysis are associated with muscle degeneration in patients with DMD, BMD, and FCMD. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 399–402, 2001
Stability with Inheritance in the Conditional Strategy.

The conditional strategy is a theoretical framework that explains the existence within populations of individuals that express alternative behavioral, physical or life history tactics (phenotypes). An example is fighters and sneakers in many animal mating systems. In the conditional strategy the alternative tactics are chosen by individuals based on their state, for example large or small bodied. Since state is often heritable, due for example to additive genetic variance, the alternative tactics may also have inheritance. As the tactics do not have equal fitnesses, it is generally believed that any such inheritance would prevent the evolutionary stability of the conditional strategy. However, in previous work we introduced an Inheritance Theorem and were able to prove that a conditional strategy with tactic inheritances can have a unique equilibrium proportion of the tactics. We now prove a second property of our Inheritance Theorem, namely the stability of the equilibrium. This means that if the tactics are perturbed from their equilibrium proportions, they will return across generations to their equilibrium proportions. An example is provided in mites. We have therefore established an Inheritance Theorem which includes both the existence of an equilibrium and its stability for alternative tactics in a conditional strategy.Copyright 1998 Academic Press Limited
Tomographic cerebral blood flow measurements in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and evaluation of the vasodilatory capacity by the acetazolamide test.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in a series of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease using xenon-133 inhalation and single photon emission computer tomography. The spontaneous course of CBF changes in a consecutive series of stroke patients was evaluated. A quite heterogeneous pattern of flow changes was observed: In patients with large cortical/subcortical infarcts, extensive hypoperfused areas were observed, often significantly larger than the corresponding hypodense lesion on the CT scan. Smaller CT lesions caused relatively smaller flow changes. Patients with lacunar infarcts showed only a discrete reduction of CBF, but comprising most of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Repeated CBF studies in the chronic phase showed, that the clinical improvement commonly noted in stroke patients is not related to a CBF increase. On the contrary, the CBF lesions tended to become somewhat larger and more demarcated even in cases where the finding of a normal angiogram and a transient state of hyperemia suggested a dissolution of the intracerebral embolus. The pathogenetic mechanisms for these persisting low flow areas in CT intact structures was discussed. One possibility was a selective neuronal cell damage in the peri-infarct areas caused by the ischemic insult. Such lesions would leave the structures macroscopically intact, but decrease both the metabolic demands and CBF. However, this interpretation finds little support in recent microscopic neuropathological studies in man. A more likely possibility was then considered to be disconnection (diaschisis) where the reduced flow is due to a decreased neuronal function caused by undercutting of afferent or efferent nervefibers. A crossed cerebellar diaschisis was observed in all patients with major infarcts in the forebrain. These findings were observed already in the acute phase, but persisted quite unchanged throughout the subacute and chronic phases. The patients with lacunar infarcts showed cerebellar diaschisis in the acute phase only, suggesting that a transient suppression of remote areas is possible too. In order to differentiate between permanent flow changes caused by a functional impairment and a possible hemodynamic component, CBF was measured before and after administration of a potent cerebral vasodilator, acetazolamide (Diamox). In normal cases tested with Diamox, an even CBF increase is noted throughout the hemispheres, while the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen remains stable. In patients having a severe stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery, this vasodilatory stress test will identify the patients having poor collateral capacity via the circle of Willis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Re-evaluation of the role of image guidance in minimally invasive pituitary surgery: benefits and outcomes

Objective: To evaluate the utility of performing endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery with computer-based neuronavigation, and to examine the efficacy of computer-based neuronavigation compared to fluoroscopy. Patients: We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent pituitary surgery between September 1998 and September 2008. Of 120 consecutive patients, 70 met inclusion criteria and were fully examined. The inclusion criteria were that patients had undergone endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery performed by the same neurosurgeon at the same institution. Nineteen of the patients were treated using intraoperative fluoroscopy and 48 were treated using the BrainLAB VectorVision neuronavigation system. Preparation times, surgical times and associated complications were analyzed. Results: Our results indicate that image guidance reduces the overall operating room time and complication rate. Average preparation time for fluoroscopy and computer-based neuronavigation was 70.3 and 67.3 min, respectively (p = 0.3299). Average surgical time with fluoroscopy and BrainLAB was 131 and 107.9 min, respectively (p = 0.0079). The results were also analyzed with regard to other parameters such as associated complications, age and diagnoses. Conclusion: Computer guided endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery provides a three-dimensional image to the surgeon, allowing for greater visual accuracy and surgical precision and a faster procedure without radiation exposure or the need for additional personnel.
The next generation of insecticides: dsRNA is stable as a foliar-applied insecticide.

BACKGROUND RNAi is a powerful tool used to study gene function. It also has been hypothesized to be a promising new method for control of insect pests on crops, although the perceived instability of dsRNA in the environment has constrained thinking about the options for this new type of pest control. RESULTS We confirmed that foliar application of Colorado potato beetle dsRNA actin is highly effective for control, demonstrated that treatment with actin-dsRNA protects potato plants for at least 28 days under greenhouse conditions and found that the dsRNA is not readily removed by water once dried on the leaves. CONCLUSION These new results suggest that foliar application of dsRNA could be a valuable control strategy for some pests. Technological aspects of spraying dsRNA that need to be considered in the future are discussed.
Modulation of astrocyte P2Y1 receptors by the carboxyl terminal domain of the gap junction protein Cx43

Gap junction proteins, connexins, provide intercellular channels that allow ions and small signaling molecules to be transmitted to adjacent coupled cells. Besides this function, it is becoming apparent that connexins also exert channel‐independent effects, which are likely mediated by processes involving protein–protein interactions. Although a number of connexin interacting proteins have been identified, only little is known about the functional consequences of such interactions. We have previously shown that deletion of the astrocytic gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43) causes a right‐ward shift in the dose‐response curve to P2Y1R agonists and decreased P2Y1R expression levels. To evaluate whether these changes were due to reduced gap junctional communication or to protein–protein interactions, Cx43‐null astrocytes were transfected with full‐length Cx43 and Cx43 domains, and P2Y1R function and expression levels evaluated. Results indicate that restoration of P2Y1R function is independent of gap junctional communication and that the Cx43 carboxyl terminus spanning the SH3 binding domain (260–280) participates in the rescue of P2Y1R pharmacological behavior (shifting to the left the P2Y1R dose‐response curve) without affecting its expression levels. These results suggest that the Cx43 carboxyl‐terminus domain provides a binding site for an intracellular molecule, most likely a member of the c‐Src tyrosine kinase family, which affects P2Y1R‐induced calcium mobilization. It is here proposed that a nonchannel function of Cx43 is to serve as a decoy for such kinases. Such modulation of P2Y1R is expected to influence several neural cell functions, especially under inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders where expression levels of Cx43 are decreased. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PyrazofurinEnhancement of 5-Azacytidine AntitumorActivity in L5178Y and Human Leukemia Cells1

Pyrazofurin(P9, which is an inhibitorof orotidybate decarboxylase (the conversion of orotidine 5'-monophos phate to uridine 5-monophosphate) results in marked reductions of intracellular levels of uridine triphosphate and cytidine5'-triphosphate.These triphosphateribonu cleotides are known inhibitors of uridine-cytidine kinase. Exogenousuridineis rapidlyphosphorylatedto uridine5'monophosphatebythisenzymeinthe presenceof PFand therebycircumventsthe lethaleffectof PF.Therefore,the effect of PF treatment on the cellular metabolism of 5azacytidine (5-aza-C), a nucleoside drug analog of cyti dine, was studied in the experimentaltumorcell L5178Y and humanleukemiacells. PF, in concentrations(5 x 106 N)whichinhibitedoroti dybatedecarboxybaseand produced 80% reduction in uridinetriphosphateresultedin more rapidaccumulation of 5-aza-C into, and enhanced killingof, rapidlydividing leukemiacells. Ribonucleotideanalysisby high-pressure liquidchromatographydemonstrateda 400%increaseof 5-aza-cytidine 5'-triphosphate in PF-treated cells. This triphosphorybated form of 5-aza-C was incorporated in greater quantitiesinto RNAthat resultedin a 40% reduc tion of [3Hjleucineincorporationinto protein, indicating that the synergisticlethal effectsobservedwiththis drug sequenceof PF â€”+ 5-aza-Cwere by augmentedinhibition of proteinsynthesis,the previouslyproposedmajoranti tumormechanismof 5-aza-C. PF followedby 5-aza-Cfor thetreatmentof rapidlyproliferatinghumanleukemiamay be a useful sequential drug combinationwhen these patientshave failed morestandardformsof antileukemic therapy.
REDUCCIÓN DE PÉRDIDA DE CALIDAD DE MELÓN (Cucumis Melo) DURANTE LA CONGELACIÓN MEDIANTE APLICACIÓN PREVIA DE DESHIDRATACIÓN OSMÓTICA

El proposito de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de un pre-tratamiento osmotico con dos niveles de humedad (85 y 75%) y el tiempo de almacenamiento sobre la perdida de fase liquida (∆m), cambio de volumen (∆V) y luminosidad (L*) de cilindros de melon congelados (2 cm de diametro y 1.5 cm de altura). Las muestras previas a la congelacion se deshidrataron en una solucion osmotica (SO) de sacarosa comercial a 65 °Brix a 28 °C. La SO se agito permanentemente a 440 rpm mediante un agitador mecanico con una relacion fruta-solucion de 1-20. Las muestras frescas (control) y las osmodeshidratadas se congelaron a -40 °C en un ultra-congelador, posteriormente se empacaron en bolsas de congelacion y se almacenaron en un congelador a -18 °C durante 15 dias. La ∆m se determino por diferencia de peso empleando una balanza analitica, el volumen se midio con un calibrador digital y L* se midio con un colorimetro. El ANOVA evidencio efectos significativos (p<0.05) del pre-tratamiento osmotico y del tiempo de almacenamiento sobre ∆m, ∆V y L*. Las muestras deshidratadas osmoticamente hasta niveles de humedad de 85 y 75% presentaron menores perdidas de ∆m con respecto a la muestra control, alcanzando en el dia 15 valores de 24.42, 33.35 y 38.8% respectivamente. Asimismo, los tratamientos 85 y 75% presentaron menores perdidas de volumen con 29.96 y 31.64% respectivamente, mientras que el control perdio el 41.25%. Las muestras frescas presentaron valores superiores de L* (41) con respecto a los tratamientos 85% (35.88) y 75% (45), pero estas diferencias no son relevantes en la calidad del melon. La aplicacion de pre-tratamientos osmoticos a la congelacion de melon evidencio un efecto crioprotector (reduccion de perdidas de calidad); esta aplicacion de pre-tratamientos osmoticos ofrece un alto potencial para la reduccion de perdidas de calidad a otras frutas durante la congelacion.
Heat convection in a vertical channel: Plumes versus turbulent diffusion

Following a previous study [Gibert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 084501 (2006)], convective heat transfer in a vertical channel of moderate dimensions follows purely inertial laws. It would be therefore a good model for convective flows of stars and ocean. Here we report new measurements on this system. We use an intrinsic length in the definition of the characteristic Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers. We explicit the relation between this intrinsic length and the thermal correlation length. Using particle imaging velocimetry, we show that the flow undergoes irregular reversals. We measure the average velocity profiles and the Reynolds stress tensor components. The momentum flux toward the vertical walls seems negligible compared to the shear turbulent stress. A mixing length theory seems adequate to describe the horizontal turbulent heat and momentum fluxes, but fails for the vertical ones. We propose a naive model for vertical heat transport inspired by the Knudsen regime in gases.
Prediction of Fault-Prone Software Modules Using a Generic Text Discriminator

This paper describes a novel approach for detecting fault-prone modules using a spam filtering technique. Fault-prone module detection in source code is important for the assurance of software quality. Most previous fault-prone detection approaches have been based on using software metrics. Such approaches, however, have difficulties in collecting the metrics and constructing mathematical models based on the metrics. Because of the increase in the need for spam e-mail detection, the spam filtering technique has progressed as a convenient and effective technique for text mining. In our approach, fault-prone modules are detected in such a way that the source code modules are considered text files and are applied to the spam filter directly. To show the applicability of our approach, we conducted experimental applications using source code repositories of Java based open source developments. The result of experiments shows that our approach can correctly predict 78% of actual fault-prone modules as fault-prone.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • 6: The aetiology of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Exacerbations of COPD are thought to be caused by interactions between host factors, bacteria, viruses, and changes in air quality to produce increased inflammation in the lower airway. The evidence for this and the potential mechanisms by which they result in the characteristic symptoms of exacerbations is reviewed. A better understanding of the causes and processes is needed for the appropriate use of existing treatments and the development of new ones. Future studies need to define populations clearly, stratify for known confounding factors, and should aim to identify clinical correlates so that clinical practice can be modified appropriately.
JAK/STAT/SOCS SIGNALING CIRCUITS AND ASSOCIATED CYTOKINE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATION AND HYPERTROPHY IN THE HEART

ABSTRACT Cytokines are important mediators of cardiac disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that members of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines promote cardiac hypertrophy through the activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway. Aberrant Jak/STAT signaling may promote progression from hypertrophy to heart failure. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are underexplored, negative regulators of Jak/STAT signaling. SOCS proteins may also interact with other inflammatory pathways known to affect cardiac function. A better understanding of the therapeutic potential of these proteins may lead to the controlled progression of heart failure and the limitation of myocardial depression. This review summarizes the cardiophysiological effect of the IL-6 cytokine family, outlines the mechanistic pathway of Jak/STAT signaling, explores the regulatory role of SOCS proteins in the heart, and discusses the potential of using SOCS proteins clinically.
Warner ’ s randomized response model

This paper proposes a new strati$ed randomized response model based on Warner’s (J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 60 (1965) 63) model that has an optimal allocation and large gain in precision. It also presents a drawback of the Hong et al. (Korean J. Appl. Statist. 7 (1994) 141) model under their proportional sampling assumption. It is shown that the proposed model is more e8cient than the Hong et al. (Korean J. Appl. Statist. 7 (1994) 141) strati$ed randomized response model. Additionally, it is shown that the estimator based on the proposed method is more e8cient than the Warner (J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 60 (1965) 63), the Mangat and Singh (Biometrika 77 (1990) 439) and the Mangat (J. Roy. Statist. SQC. Ser. B 56 (1) (1994) 93) estimators under the conditions presented in both the case of completely truthful reporting and that of not completely truthful reporting by the respondents. c © 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.