Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Boynuz Köreltme İşlemi Uygulanan Buzağılarda Pre-Emptive Uygulanan Dexketoprofen Trometamol’un Akut Kortizol, İnflamatuar Yanıt ve Oksidatif Stres Üzerine Olan Etkisi

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexketoprofen trometamol (DEX) on acute cortisol, inflammatory response and oxidative stress following hot-iron disbudding in calves. Twelve male Holstein Friesian dairy calves, weighing between 52 and 82 kg and 6-8 weeks of age were used for disbudding procedure. While calves (n = 6) in DEX group were treated with DEX (IV, 2 mg/kg) 30 min before disbudding, calves (n = 6) in control group were received only 0.9% saline (IV, 2 mg/kg). All calves were disbudded by an electrically heated hot-iron dehorner under local anaesthesia. The heart and respiratory rate were recorded before and after disbudding. Blood samples were collected at 30 min before and 15, 30 and 60 min after disbudding for analysis of serum cortisol, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, total antioxidant activity, malondialdehyde, glutathione and nitric oxide. In both groups, cortisol concentration was immediately increased after disbudding but dropped to lower level than baseline at 60 min after disbudding in DEX group (P<0.05). It was concluded that combination of a lidocaine and DEX may decrease or prevent acute cortisol, inflammatory response and oxidative stress during disbudding procedure.
Agricultural Practices Influence Dissolved Nutrients Leaching through Intact Soil Cores

Nitrogen and P leaching from agricultural land to ground water poses a threat to water quality, but it may be possible to control dissolved nutrient leaching by choosing appropriate management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of agricultural practices on dissolved N and dissolved P leaching from topsoil to subsurface soil after crop harvest. Intact soil cores and small disturbed soil columns were collected from a factorial (tillage × crop x fertilizer source) field experiment, 3 yr after the treatments were established. Soils were leached with synthetic rainwater in the laboratory and nutrient loads (kg ha -1 ) were calculated. Dissolved N and dissolved P loads were not affected by tillage and were similar following corn (Zea mays L.) (in a continuous corn rotation) and soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr. ] (in a soybean/corn rotation) production. Soils receiving inorganic fertilizer had a 70% greater nitrate (NO 3 -N) load and 48% less dissolved reactive P than soils receiving organic fertilizer, suggesting that fertilizing soils with a combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers might be a good way to reduce both NO 3 -N and dissolved reactive P transport to water systems. The NO 3 -N load increased as the soil NO 3 -N concentration increased (R 2 = 0.36) while the dissolved reactive P load was positively related to the soil Mehlich-3 P concentration (R 2 = 0.50) and soil P saturation ratio (M3-PSR) (R 2 = 0.55). These results suggest that the leaching of dissolved N and dissolved P compounds is influenced more by the type of fertilizer applied than tillage or cropping practices.
Underwriters and the Broken Chinese Wall: Institutional Holdings and Post-IPO Securities Litigation

We examine whether underwriters have an information advantage over other institutional investors in new public companies. We focus our attention on a sample of publicly traded firms that have become the target of an IPO-related securities class action lawsuit filed under Section 11 of the 1933 Securities Act between January 1991 and December 2006 and a matched sample of similar non-sued firms. We compare aggregate institutional holdings changes in sued and non-sued firms as well as holding revisions by different types of institutions that are classified based on their involvement in the IPO process. Our empirical evidence suggests that lead underwriters retain an information advantage in the firms they take public and that they capitalize on this information by closing out or reducing their holdings in sued firms prior to the eventual litigation date. At the same time, an examination of analyst opinions suggests that analysts affiliated with lead underwriters are somewhat reluctant to reduce their earnings forecasts or downgrade sued firms prior to the litigation date.
PMAS optical integral field spectroscopy of luminous infrared galaxies - II. Spatially resolved stellar populations and excitation conditions,

Context. The general properties (e.g., activity class, star formation rates, metallicities, extinctions, average ages, etc.) of luminous (LIRGs) and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) in the local universe are well known because large samples of these objects have been the subject of numerous spectroscopic works over the past three decades. There are, however, relatively few studies of the spatially-resolved spectroscopic properties of large samples of LIRGs and ULIRGs using integral field spectroscopy (IFS). Aims. We are carrying out an IFS survey of local (z < 0.26) samples of LIRGs and ULIRGs to characterize their two-dimensional spectroscopic properties. The main goal of this paper is to study the spatially resolved properties of the stellar populations and the excitation conditions in a sample of LIRGs. Methods. We analyze optical (3800–7200 A) IFS data taken with the Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer (PMAS) of the central few kiloparsecs of eleven LIRGs. To study these stellar populations, we fit the optical stellar continuum and the hydrogen recombination lines of selected regions in the galaxies. We analyzed the excitation conditions of the gas using the spatially resolved properties of the brightest optical emission lines. We complemented the PMAS observations with existing HST/NICMOS near-infrared continuum and Paα imaging. Results. The optical continua of selected regions in our LIRGs are well fitted with a combination of an evolved (∼0.7−10 Gyr) stellar population with an ionizing stellar population (1−20 Myr). The latter population is more obscured than the evolved population, and has visual extinctions in good agreement with those obtained from the Balmer decrement. Except for NGC 7771, we find no clear that there is an important contribution to the optical light from an intermediate-aged stellar population (∼100−500 Myr). Even after correcting for the presence of stellar absorption, a large number of spaxels with low observed equivalent widths of Hα in emission still show enhanced [N ii]λ6584/Hα and [S ii]λλ6717, 6731/Hα ratios. These ratios are likely to be produced by a combination of photoionization in H ii regions and diffuse emission. These regions of enhanced line ratios are generally coincident with low surfacebrightness H ii regions and diffuse emission detected in the Hα and Paα images. We used the PMAS spatially resolved line ratios and the NICMOS Paα photometry of H ii regions to derive the fraction of diffuse emission in LIRGs. We find that this fraction varies from galaxy to galaxy, and it is generally less than 60%, as found in other starburst galaxies.
Axisymmetric instabilities in gravitating discs with mass spectrum

Starting from an axisymmetric, differentially rotating thin disc at equilibrium, in which the velocity dispersion is not large and in which the particles are characterized by a mass distribution and by a relationship between mass and velocity dispersion, we consider the stability of such a configuration against small axisymmetric disturbances. The analysis is performed kinetically and the behaviour of the marginal stability curves for different values of the system’s parameters is investigated. Specifically, we consider the implications of changes in the parameters characterizing the mass spectrum range and the law relating the mass and velocity dispersion. Our results show that the characteristics of the system can significantly affect the critical stability parameters. We point out that such effects may strongly influence the evolution of the interstellar medium in disc galaxies.
Strutture lineari-ordinate nel reticolo delle partizioni di un insieme e applicazioni ai gruppi di Butler

Ci si occupa di uno strumento lineare-combinatorio (una {0,1} tabella detta “tenda” con funzionamento e trasformazioni affatto originali che puo essere utilizzato in molti ambiti in cui sia rilevante l’esistenza di una base ridondante. Analizzando le proprieta della tenda associata ad un automorfismo di uno spazio vettoriale su Z2 di dimensione finita, si migliora significativamente un recente risultato sulle rappresentazioni di uno spazio vettoriale di dimensione finita. Da tale miglioramento scaturisce una caratterizzazione dei gruppi abeliani completamente decomponibili. Inoltre, vengono affrontati alcuni problemi sui rapporti fra la struttura d’ordine e la struttura lineare del reticolo delle partizioni di un insieme finito pervenendo ad una loro piu maneggevole formulazione. Infine, ci si occupa delle applicazioni dello strumento tenda nello studio dei B(1) -gruppi di Butler in particolare in relazione alle loro decomposizioni dirette.
How to Control the Lysimeter Bottom Boundary to Investigate the Effect of Climate Change on Soil Processes?

The water flux in lysimeters with a tension‐controlled bottom boundary depends strongly on the applied pressure head. The surrounding subsurface conditions have a significant influence on the measured pressure heads that are used to control the bottom boundary of transferred lysimeters. Use of nonappropriate water table depths and soil textural properties which do not correspond to the conditions where the lysimeter originated can lead to large differences in soil water fluxes. The control of the bottom boundary of transferred lysimeters should be managed by measured pressure heads from the site where the lysimeter was taken from in order to enable a direct comparison of changes in soils and to investigate the effect of climate change on soil processes and soil functions.
The Impact of Macroprudential Supervision on the Capital Operation of Commercial Banks

Based on the 8320 observations in 40 quarters of 16 listed banks, this paper empirically analyses the macro-prudential supervision's impact on commercial bank's capital operation through the dynamic unbalanced panel system GMM model. The results show that macro-prudential supervision has exerted active supervision on China's commercial banks, guiding China's commercial banks to establish a capital restraint mechanism and improving the bank's internal capital supplement mechanism. The response of commercial banks to capital supervision is positive. The regulatory rating results influence the active adjustment of the bank's follow-on capital ratio. Commercial banks basically meet the requirements for prudent management of countercyclical capital. Based on the analysis of the data in the article, this paper suggests that the regulatory authorities further strengthen the bank's capital supervision and make the bank's macro-prudential supervision appear more counter-cyclical. At the same time, we must appropriately improve the banking ownership structure, increase the sources of external funds for commercial banks, and enhance the transparency of the financial system so that uninsured loan holders can play a significant role in binding banks.
Exploring the Use of Igala Language in Teaching Statistics to Sample of Selected Primary Six Learners

The observed poor performance in statistics aspect of mathematics has been traced to inability to communicate the subject effectively at the primary school level being the foundation. This study therefore explores the use of Igala language in teaching statistics to primary six learners. The study adopted a quasi-experimental non equivalent pre-test and post-test research design. The sample (N=380) made of boys (N = 235) and girls (N=145) was drawn using a multistage sampling technique. Primary School Statistics Achievement Test (PSSAT) with the reliability coefficient of 0.82 was used to collect data. Analyses show that pupils taught statistics using Igala language only achieved significantly higher than those taught using Igala combined with English language as well as English language only group. Pupils taught statistics using Igala combined with English language also achieved significantly higher than those taught using English language only. There was no significant difference in terms of achievement between male and female pupils taught statistics using Igala language and also Igala language combined with English language group. It was recommended among others that school authorities and Ministry of Education should encourage mathematics teachers to teach primary school mathematics to pupils’ in the affected Local Government Areas in Igala.
Design and Development of a Laboratory Scale Biomass Gasifier

A laboratory scale downdraft biomass gasifier was designed to deliver a mechanical power of 4 kW and thermal power of about 15 kW. The gasifier was manufactured as a single piece having a water seal and cover. The gasifier was tested in natural downdraft and forced downdraft mode. Ignition of the fuel beneath the grate, during natural downdraft mode, using wood shavings as fuel, produced gas which burned with a blue flame for 15 minutes. Ignition at the throat, using either palm kernel shells or wood shavings, during the natural downdraft mode, the gasifier did not produce syngas. During the forced downdraft mode, fuel was ignited at the throat. Gasification was successful with the palm kernel shells, during forced downdraft, which produced gas which burned steadily with luminous flame for 15 minutes per kilogram of biomass fed. However, wood shavings experienced some bridging problems during the forced downdraft mode of operation. The fuel conversion rate of the gasifier, when using palm kernel shells as fuel in forced downdraft mode, was 4 kg/h. Forced downdraft mode of operation yielded better results and is the preferred operation of the gasifier.
Removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions by steam-activated sulphurised carbon prepared from sugar-cane bagasse pith : kinetics and equilibrium studies

Removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using steam activated sulphurised carbon (SA-S-C) prepared from bagasse pith (a sugar-cane industry waste). Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of solute concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, temperature and ionic strength. The maximum removal took place in the pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. The maximum adsorption of 98.8 % (24.70 mg/g) took place by SA-S-C with 8.9 % sulphur content at pH 6.0 from an initial Cd(II) concentration of 50 mg/dm 3 . The sorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. Kinetic parameters as a function of initial concentration and temperature were determined to predict the adsorption behaviour of Cd(II) onto SA-S-C. Decrease in ionic strength of the solution was found to improve the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The equilibrium data could be best fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation over the entire concentration range (50 to 1 000 mg/dm 3 ). The effectiveness of the SA-S-C for Cd(II) removal was examined and compared with other adsorbents reported in the literature. At solution pH of 6.0, the maximum adsorption capacity of SA-S-C calculated by the Langmuir isotherm is 149.93 mg/g at 30°C. Acid regeneration was tried for several cycles with a view to recover the sorbed metal ions and also to restore the sorbent to its original state.
Morphoanatomy of fruit, seed and seedling of Ormosia

Ormosia paraensis Ducke, known as “tento”, has seeds that are used to make handcrafts and wood that is worked on by furniture makers. For forest identification and seeds technology, the information about the morphoanatomy of their fruits, seeds and seedlings is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to morphoanatomically describe the fruit, seeds and the post-seminal development of “tento”. For the morphoanatomical description, the evaluations were examined by optical and electron microscopy scanning. The fruit is a nutant legume, brown to black, dehiscent and with one or two seeds of lateral placentation, being the epicarp slim, the mesocarp woody and the endocarp spongy, measuring about 4.4 cm, 3.9 cm and 2.0 cm in length, width and thickness, respectively. The seeds are bitegmic, exalbuminous and rounded with average dimensions: length of 12.36 mm, width of 9.68 mm and thickness of 8.03 mm. The “tento” seedlings have simple and alternate leaves, with tap roots and cylindrical stem, being its germination hypogeal cryptocotyledonary.
Cross-scale determinants of palm species distribution

We investigate palm species distribution, richness and abundance along the Mokoti, a seasonally-dry river of southeastern Amazon and compare it to the patterns observed at a large scale, comprising the entire Brazilian territory. A total of 694 palms belonging to 10 species were sampled at the Mokoti River basin. Although the species showed diverse distribution patterns, we found that local palm abundance, richness and tree basal area were significantly higher from the hills to the bottomlands of the study region, revealing a positive association of these measures with moisture. The analyses at the larger spatial scale also showed a strong influence of vapor pressure (a measure of moisture content of the air, in turn modulated by temperature) and seasonality in temperature: the richest regions were those where temperature and humidity were simultaneously high, and which also presented a lower degree of seasonality in temperature. These results indicate that the distribution of palms seems to be strongly associated with climatic variables, supporting the idea that, by 'putting all the eggs in one basket' (a consequence of survival depending on the preservation of a single irreplaceable bud), palms have become vulnerable to extreme environmental conditions. Hence, their distribution is concentrated in those tropical and sub-tropical regions with constant conditions of (mild to high) temperature and moisture all year round.
Fatigue Performance of Recycled Hot Mix Asphalt: A Laboratory Study

The paper introduces and analyses the results of an experimental trial on the fatigue resistance of recycled hot mix asphalt for road pavements. Based on the gyratory compaction and the indirect tensile strength test, the mix design procedure has optimized nine different mixes, considering both conventional limestone and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), the latter used at different quantities, up to 40% by weight of the aggregate. A standard bitumen and two polymer modified binders were used for the production of the mixes. The fatigue study was carried out with four-point bending tests, each one performed at 20°C and 10 Hz. The empirical stiffness reduction method, along with the energy ratio approach, based on the dissipated energy concept, was adopted to elaborate the experimental data. Unaged and aged specimens were checked, to analyse the ageing effects on the fatigue performance. In comparison with the control mixes, produced only with limestone, improved fatigue performance was noticed for the mixtures prepared with RAP, especially when made with polymer modified binders, under both aged and unaged conditions. Both the approaches adopted for the experimental data analysis have outlined the same ranking of the mixes.
Centralized and Decentralized Decision Making Structures in the Banking System: A Preliminary Model

This paper proposes to study the welfare consequences of centralized and decentralized lending decision structures in the banking system. Centralized systems tend to perform better when companies can make use of hard information, whereas decentralized structures are better in case of small firms that rely on relationship banking and soft information. Moreover, a preliminary model shows that a decentralized systems performs better when economic agents (firms) are uncertain of the state of the economy (good or bad).
How the derivative becomes visible: the case of Daniel

This paper reports how an advanced 11-grade student (Daniel) perceived the derivative from a graph of a function at a task-based interview after a short introduction to the derivative. Daniel made very impressive observations using, for example, the steepness and the increase of a graph as well as the slope of a tangent as representations of the derivative. He followed the graphs sequentially and, for example, perceived where the derivative is increasing/decreasing. Gestures were an essential part of his thinking. Daniel’s perceptions were reflected against those of a less successful student reported previously [Hahkioniemi, NOMAD 11, no. 1 (2006)]. Unlike the student of the previous study, Daniel seemed to use the representations transparently and could see the graph as a representation of the derivative.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF FOOD REMNANT BASED LOW COST FIBER RICH FOODS

Background: Recently new cereal based fibre rich food products have been developed by many food industries. But they are of high cost. Objective: In view of this, an attempt was made to utilize remnant of foods (fruit pomace and cauliflower greens) to develop low cost fibre rich products for people suffering from obesity, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia and to assess the sensory quality of developed products. Material and Methods: In the present study, fruit pomace and cauliflower greens were used at the level of 5%, 10% and 15% in the development of Chappati, pancake, buns and cookies whose acceptability was evaluated on 9-point hedonic scale. Results: The results of the study revealed that with increase in level of fruit pomace in Chappati, cookies and pancakes, no significant difference (p≤0.05) was found in the acceptability of colour, flavor and texture and all were acceptable at all level of supplementation. However, the acceptability for texture of buns was decreased significantly (p≤0.05). Similarly, Chapatti and pancakes supplemented with cauliflower greens were acceptable at all levels of supplementation but supplementation of cauliflower greens decreased the overall acceptability of cookies and buns. ConclusionsThe products supplemented with fruit pomace were more acceptable than cauliflower greens. Both these food remnant can be efficiently used at home as well as commercial level to formulate fibre rich low cost health foods.
Abyssal Circulation Driven by a Periodic Impulsive Source in a Small Basin with Steep Bottom Slope with Implications to the East Sea

In the theory of source-driven abyssal circulation, the forcing is usually assumed to be steady source (deep-water formation). In many cases, however, the deep-water formation occurs instantaneously and it is not clear whether the theory can be applied well in this case. An attempt is made to resolve this problem by using a simple reduced gravity model. The model basin has large depth change compared for its size, like the East Sea, such that isobaths nearly coincide with geostrophic contours. Deep-water is formed every year impulsively and flows into the model basin through the boundary. It is found that the circulation driven by the impulsive source is generally the same as that driven by a steady source except that the former has a seasonal fluctuation associated with unsteadiness of forcing. The magnitudes of both the annual average and seasonal fluctuations increase with the rate of deep-water formation. The problem can be approximated to that of linear diffusion of momentum with boundary flux, which well demonstrates the essential feature of abyssal circulation spun-up by periodic impulsive source. Although the model greatly idealizes the real situation, it suggests that abyssal circulation can be driven by a periodic impulsive source in the East Sea.