Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Effectiveness and Satisfaction of an Electronic Charting System in Taiwan

Purpose/Objectives: An efficient but comprehensive documentation system is essential for reducing nursing workload and ensuring adequate time for direct patient care. A “focus” is a nursing diagnosis or patient problem. The purpose of this project is to review and revise the focuses in the electronic charting system and to develop new focuses for documentation of clinical pathways. In addition, this project evaluated the impact of these changes on time required for documentation and nurse satisfaction. Background/Rationale: In 2012, a large hospital in Taiwan implemented a self-developed electronic charting system that had 217 focuses in the database. Staff reported low job satisfaction and too much time on documentation. Three major issues were identified, including repetitious and redundant documentation, incorrect templates, and an incomprehensive database. Description: A clinical nurse specialist devised quality improvement project was implemented on one 50-bed surgical unit. Forty-one focuses were revised and 13 new focuses were developed for clinical pathways. The implementation of new focus templates enhanced evidence-based practice and prevented redundant documentation. Focus templates also incorporated nursing policies and/or patient education materials. Two outcome indicators, time spent documenting and nurse satisfaction, were evaluated 3 months after implementation. Outcomes: Documentation time decreased by 60% (from 138.5 to 55.8 hours) per week. The median documentation time per patient per day decreased from 18.4 minutes to 9.3 minutes. Average scores for satisfaction in usability, content, functionality, and effectiveness were increased. Conclusion: Evidence-based focus templates used for documentation can reduce documentation time and increase nurse satisfaction. Clinical nurse specialists play an important role in leading the development of quality improvement projects while improving work efficiency.
Release of acetylcholine from perfused cerebral ventricles in unanaesthetized dogs during waking and sleep.

The cerebral ventricles were perfused with sterile artificial cerebrospinal fluid in unanaesthetized dogs from a cannula in the lateral ventricle to a cannula either in the upper cervical subarachnoid space or in the aqueduct of Sylvius. The perfusate was assayed for acetylcholine on rat blood pressure or frog rectus muscle. Even when no eserine was added to the perfusion fluid the output of acetylcholine in 475 samples taken during wakeful state was between 0.01 to 5ng/min in 354 (74.5%) and above 5 ng in 53 (11.2%). No acetylcholine was detected in 68 samples (14.3%). In 129 samples obtained during sleep (excluding periods of REM sleep) no acetylcholine was detected in 75 (58%) samples and an output of less than 1 ng/min was observed in the rest. Acetylcholine appeared in the effluent of samples taken during sleep when rapid eye movements occurred or before waking.
Medical and legal confusion surrounding gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD).

BACKGROUND Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is used as a recreational drug, with significant associated morbidity and mortality; it is therefore a class C drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971). However, its precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD) remain legally available despite having similar clinical effects. AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether the relative proportions of self-reported ingestions of GHB or its precursors GBL and 1,4BD were similar to those seen in analysis of seized drugs. DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective review of our clinical toxicology database to identify all cases of self-reported recreational GHB, GBL and 1,4BD use associated with ED presentation in 2006. Additionally all seized substances on people attending local club venues were analysed by a Home Office approved laboratory to identify any illicit substances present. RESULTS In 2006, there were a total of 158 ED presentations, of which 150 (94.9%) and 8 (5.1%) were GHB and GBL self-reported ingestions respectively; 96.8% (153) were recreational use. Of the 418 samples seized, 225 (53.8%) were in liquid form; 85 (37.8%) contained GHB and 140 (62.2%) contained GBL. None of the seized samples contained 1,4BD and there were no self-reported 1,4BD ingestions. CONCLUSION Self-reported GHB ingestion was much more common than GBL ingestion, whereas GBL was more commonly found in the seized samples. These differences suggest that GBL use may be more common than previously thought and we suggest that there should be further debate about the legal status of the precursors of GHB.
Nontrivial phase coupling in polariton multiplets

Data supporting the publication Ohadi, H. ; Gregory, R. L. ; Freegarde, T. ; Rubo, Y. G. ; Kavokin, A. V. ; Berloff, N. G. ; Lagoudakis, P. G. , Nontrivial Phase Coupling in Polariton Multiplets. Physical Review X 2016, 6 (3), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.6. 031032
Modelling the electrodialytic recovery of sodium lactate

The recovery of sodium lactate from model solutions by ED (electrodialysis) was studied using a sequential experimental procedure so as to assess the main engineering parameters (i.e. ion transport numbers in solution and electro‐membranes, effective solute and water transport numbers, effective membrane surface area, surface resistances and limiting current intensity) affecting ED stack design and/or optimization. Of the major factors that determine the performance of this ED process, Ω (the current efficiency) was about 88% in the constant‐current region, while ε (the specific energy consumption) increased from 0.14 to 0.31 kWh·kg−1 for a solute recovery yield of 95% and j (current density) increasing from 112 to 337 A·m−2. The specific‐resistance values of the anion‐ or cation‐exchange membranes were found to be five or two times greater respectively than those extracted from literature and measured in aqueous NaCl solutions.
Causal discovery in an adult ADHD data set suggests indirect link between DAT1 genetic variants and striatal brain activation during reward processing

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable disorder affecting both children and adults. One of the candidate genes for ADHD is DAT1, encoding the dopamine transporter. In an attempt to clarify its mode of action, we assessed brain activity during the reward anticipation phase of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task in a functional MRI paradigm in 87 adult participants with ADHD and 77 controls (average age 36.5 years). The MID task activates the ventral striatum, where DAT1 is most highly expressed. A previous analysis based on standard statistical techniques did not show any significant dependencies between a variant in the DAT1 gene and brain activation [Hoogman et al. (2013); Neuropsychopharm 23:469–478]. Here, we used an alternative method for analyzing the data, that is, causal modeling. The Bayesian Constraint‐based Causal Discovery (BCCD) algorithm [Claassen and Heskes (2012); Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence] is able to find direct and indirect dependencies between variables, determines the strength of the dependencies, and provides a graphical visualization to interpret the results. Through BCCD one gets an opportunity to consider several variables together and to infer causal relations between them. Application of the BCCD algorithm confirmed that there is no evidence of a direct link between DAT1 genetic variability and brain activation, but suggested an indirect link mediated through inattention symptoms and diagnostic status of ADHD. Our finding of an indirect link of DAT1 with striatal activity during reward anticipation might explain existing discrepancies in the current literature. Further experiments should confirm this hypothesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“CONE DYSTROPHY WITH SUPERNORMAL ROD ELECTRORETINOGRAM”: A COMPREHENSIVE GENOTYPE/PHENOTYPE STUDY INCLUDING FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE AND EXTENSIVE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical, electrophysiologic, and genetic features in “cone dystrophy with supernormal rod electroretinogram (ERG). ” Methods: Twenty-four cases between 5 and 59 years of age were ascertained. Full-field ERGs, incorporating the international standards, were used to derive intensity-ERG response functions. ON-OFF ERGs were performed. Fundus autofluorescence imaging was performed on 15 subjects. Deoxyribonucleic acid was available in 18 cases and was screened for a mutation in KCNV2. Results: Photophobia and nyctalopia were common. Autofluorescence was variable but often showed a ring-like area of high density that in middle-aged individuals, usually surrounded by an area of macular retinal pigment epithelial atrophy. Scotopic ERG amplitudes overlapped with the normal range but had characteristic a- and b-wave intensity-response functions; all had a broadened a-wave to the brightest flash. Photopic ERGs were abnormal; there was a delay in some ON and most OFF responses. Mutations in KCNV2 were detected in 18 cases, including 4 with novel mutations. Conclusion: Individuals with mutations in KCNV2 manifest a wide range of macular and autofluorescence abnormalities. A ring-like area of parafoveal high density autofluorescence is common. ERG amplitudes are variable, but the intensity-ERG response functions and bright flash ERG waveforms are pathognomonic.
Spectrum Structure and Behaviors of the Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann Systems

The spectrum structures and behaviors of the Vlasov--Maxwell--Boltzmann (VMB) systems for both two species and one species are studied in this paper. The analysis shows the effect of the Lorentz force induced by the electromagnetic field leads to some different structure of spectrum from the classical Boltzmann equation and the closely related VPB system. And the significant difference between the two-species VMB model and one-species VMB model are given. The structure in high frequency illustrates the hyperbolic structure of the Maxwell equation. Furthermore, the long time behaviors and the optimal convergence rates to the equilibrium of the VMB systems for both two species and one species are established based on the spectrum analysis, and in particular the phenomena of the electric field dominating and magnetic field dominating are observed for the one-species VMB system.
A Two Process Model of Infant Visual Attention.

I would like to construct a model for you, a model of infant atten tion. It would be better to construct it rather than simply to describe it for at least two reasons. First, it should be easier to follow,· it provides a convenient way of organizing a large body of research on infant attention. Second, and more importantly, it should also provide some idea of how the model gradually evolved. This model is not formal by any means. It is not yet at the stage where we can estimate parameters or make quantitative predictions. Instead it is an example of the typical flow chart, schematic, arrow, and box type of model so common in psychology today. However, as I hope to show in this paper, most of the boxes and arrows have empirical support. The model has also been a valuable heuristic; it has guided our research on infant attention and has suggested new hypotheses we might not have otherwise discovered. Before the model is discussed, however, it might be valuable to review the literature on infant attention, very briefly and superficially, for those of you who might not be too familiar with the rapid growth of this area over the last few years. Actually, observers of infants have been interested in attention for many years. The interest goes back at least as far as Darwin (1877) who describes in his infant biography the kinds of stimuli his little son looked at and at what age the boy first started visually tracking a candle or other moving objects. Sub sequently, other studies began to appear,· some (e.g. Beasley, 1933; Ling, 1942) were refinements of Darwin's study of visual tracking ability; and others (e.g. Staples, 1932; Valentine, 1914), examinations of infant visual preferences. In one of the latter ones an experimenter held balls of yarn of different colors in front of his infant to see which
Ubiquitous Activation of the Nipah Virus Fusion Protein Does Not Require a Basic Amino Acid at the Cleavage Site

ABSTRACT Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus, causes a systemic infection in vivo and is able to replicate in cultured cells of many species and organs. Such pantropic paramyxoviruses generally encode fusion (F) proteins with multibasic cleavage sites activated by furin or other ubiquitous intracellular host cell proteases. In contrast, NiV has an F protein with a single arginine (R109) at the cleavage site, as is the case with paramyxoviruses that are activated by trypsin-like proteases only present in specific cells or tissues and therefore only cause localized infections. Unlike these viruses, cleavage of the NiV F protein is ubiquitous and does not require the addition of exogenous proteases in cell culture. To determine the importance of the amino acid sequence at the NiV F protein cleavage site for ubiquitous activation, we generated NiV F proteins with mutations around R109. Surprisingly, neither the exchange of amino acids upstream of R109 nor replacement of the basic residue itself interfered with F cleavage. Thus, R109 is not essential for F cleavage and activation. Our data demonstrate that NiV F-protein activation depends on a novel type of proteolytic cleavage that has not yet been described for any other paramyxovirus F protein. NiV F activation is mediated by a ubiquitous protease that requires neither a monobasic nor a multibasic cleavage site and therefore differs from the furin- or trypsin-like proteases known to activate other ortho- and paramyxovirus fusion proteins.
Enteric glia mediate neuronal outgrowth through release of neurotrophic factors

Previous studies have shown that transplanted enteric glia enhance axonal regeneration, reduce tissue damage, and promote functional recovery following spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms by which enteric glia mediate these beneficial effects are unknown. Neurotrophic factors can promote neuronal differentiation, survival and neurite extension. We hypothesized that enteric glia may exert their protective effects against spinal cord injury partially through the secretion of neurotrophic factors. In the present study, we demonstrated that primary enteric glia cells release nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor over time with their concentrations reaching approximately 250, 100 and 50 pg/mL of culture medium respectively after 48 hours. The biological relevance of this secretion was assessed by incubating dissociated dorsal root ganglion neuronal cultures in enteric glia-conditioned medium with and/or without neutralizing antibodies to each of these proteins and evaluating the differences in neurite growth. We discovered that conditioned medium enhances neurite outgrowth in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Even though there was no detectable amount of neurotrophin-3 secretion using ELISA analysis, the neurite outgrowth effect can be attenuated by the antibody-mediated neutralization of each of the aforementioned neurotrophic factors. Therefore, enteric glia secrete nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 into their surrounding environment in concentrations that can cause a biological effect.
Loss of Uhrf1 in neural stem cells leads to activation of retroviral elements and delayed neurodegeneration

Ramesh et al. show that conditional deletion of Uhrf1 in the developing cerebral cortex resulted in global DNA hypomethylation with a strong activation of the intracisternal A particle (IAP) family of endogenous retroviral elements. The high load of viral proteins and other transcriptional deregulation ultimately lead to postnatal neurodegeneration.
Pathology of Serratia marcescens mastitis in cattle.

Microbiological, cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations were carried out on four dairy cows affected by Serratia marcescens mastitis. The animals under study were from a herd of 120 lactating cows bred in the province of Rome. In the above herd, S. marcescens mastitis showed a prevalence of 20.8%. S. marcescens was the only bacterial agent isolated, prior to and after slaughter, from the teat milk, the mammary gland and the supramammary lymph nodes of the four cows under study. Cytologically, the four subjects exhibited high cell counts in their milk, with an average of up to 5,570,000 cells/ml in S.marcescens-infected quarters. Macroscopically, nodular lesions were apparent scattered throughout the mammary parenchyma, with enlargement of the regional lymph nodes. Histologically, a chronic, non-purulent mastitis, characterized by a marked fibrous tissue proliferation and the coexistence of corpora amylacea within the glandular alveoli, was observed in association with chronic hyperplastic lymphadenitis involving the supramammary lymph nodes of the four cows. Immunohistochemically, S. marcescens was demonstrated, by means of monoclonal antibodies, both in the mammary gland and in the supramammary lymph nodes from these four animals.
Pain Associated with Secondary Lymphedema among Cancer Patients

The many distressing symptoms associated with lymphedema include heaviness, tightness, pain, cramps, and a crawling sensation. The severity of the pain, the most common of these symptoms, depends upon the severity of the lymphedema. Lymphedema pain can be caused by: the compression of nerves due to swelling; the increased pressure on nerves resulting from fibrosis due to chronic inflammations (which occur frequently with lymphedema); cellulitis, lymphangitis, or other infections; overexertion of the affected limb as it struggles to cope with excess strain and weight; and the wounds and weeping sores that are usually present in the later stages of lymphedema. Effects of lymphedema include limited range of motion and impaired function of the affected limb, and pain (which is present in more than 30 percent of lymphedema patients) (8). Pain can undermine rehabilitation efforts in this patient group and negatively affect quality of life. However, in spite of these related problems, lymphedema remains a neglected aspect of breast cancer survivorship (9). Pain Associated with Secondary Lymphedema among Cancer Patients
Creatine in Huntington disease is safe, tolerable, bioavailable in brain and reduces serum 8OH2′dG

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 64 subjects with Huntington disease (HD), 8 g/day of creatine administered for 16 weeks was well tolerated and safe. Serum and brain creatine concentrations increased in the creatine-treated group and returned to baseline after washout. Serum 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8OH2′dG) levels, an indicator of oxidative injury to DNA, were markedly elevated in HD and reduced by creatine treatment.
Uterine rupture as seen in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: a five-year review

Eighty-five cases of uterine rupture were seen and managed in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, within a 5-year period from 1986 to 1990. The total number of deliveries during the period was 10 247 giving an incidence of 0.83% uterine rupture or 1 in 121 deliveries. About 82% of the cases occurred within the age range of 20-30 years. The highest incidence of uterine rupture was seen in Para 5 and four cases of uterine rupture occurred in primigravida. Abdominal tenderness was the commonest clinical feature in this series. Anterior uterine rupture occurred in almost 60% of the cases managed. Rupture of the unscarred uterus was seen in 58.5% of the cases with the majority being due to cephalopelvic disproportion. Four cases of traumatic rupture were identified; one of which was due to road traffic accident. Repair of uterine rupture with sterilisation following active resuscitation was the commonest surgical procedure employed and was not associated with any maternal mortality. Associated maternal and perinatal mortalities were 9.8% and 85.4% respectively and hypovolaemic shock was the major cause of maternal death.
Passing for "normal": features that affect the community inclusion of people with mental illness.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate specific features that indicate to community members that a person has a mental illness and the emotional reactions elicited by these features, in hopes of understanding barriers to the community integration of people living with mental illnesses. METHOD Participants were 15 community members who had considerable experience with people with mental illnesses but no extensive clinical training (e.g., store clerks, landlords, clergy). A mixed qualitative-quantitative design elicited 1) participants' subjective experience of interacting with people with mental illness and 2) participants' ratings of specified features of people with mental illness. RESULTS Interpretive phenomenological analysis of qualitative interviews suggested that a person's mental illness was only apparent from afar if s/he was responding to internal stimuli or wearing bizarre or inappropriate clothing. The person's illness usually became apparent through interacting with the community member. Participants reported feeling kind benevolence towards people with mental illness and rated the likelihood of people with mental illness to be threatening or violent as very low. Overall, participants' ratings of features of people with mental illness corroborated qualitative themes. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that stigma is not elicited simply by the presence of a person with a mental illness, and that the presence of a mental illness in most cases only becomes apparent through social interaction. Also, these data support conclusions that personal experience with people with mental illness reduces fear and increases benevolence and that personal contact should be integral to community integration and anti-stigma campaigns.
The c‐sis gene encodes a precursor of the B chain of platelet‐derived growth factor.

The relationship between platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and the proto‐oncogene c‐sis has been determined by amino acid sequence analysis of PDGF and nucleotide sequence analysis of c‐sis genomic clones. The nucleotide sequences of five regions of the human c‐sis gene which are homologous to sequences of the transforming region (v‐sis) of simian sarcoma virus (SSV) were determined. By alignment of the c‐sis and v‐sis nucleotide sequences the predicted amino acid sequence of a polypeptide homologous to the putative transforming protein p28sis of SSV was deduced. Both predicted sequences use the same termination codon and additional coding sequences may lie 5′ to the homologous regions. Amino acid sequence analysis of the PDGF B chain shows identity to the amino acid sequence predicted from the c‐sis sequences over 109 amino acid residues. Polymorphism may exist at two amino acid residues. These results suggest that c‐sis encodes a polypeptide precursor of the B chain. A partial amino acid sequence of the PDGF A chain is also described. This chain is 60% homologous to the B chain and cannot be encoded by that part of c‐sis which has been sequenced but could be encoded by sequences which lie 5′ to the five regions of v‐sis homology in c‐sis, or at a separate locus.