Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the inclusive νμ charged current cross section on iron and hydrocarbon in the T2K on-axis neutrino beam

We report a measurement of the nu(mu) inclusive charged current cross sections on iron and hydrocarbon in the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) on-axis neutrino beam. The measured inclusive charged current cross sections on iron and hydrocarbon averaged over the T2K on-axis flux with a mean neutrino energy of 1.51 GeVare (1.444 +/- 0.002(stat)(-0.157)(+0.189)- (syst)) x 10(-38) cm(2)/ nucleon and (1.379 +/- 0.009(stat)(-0.147)(+0.178) (syst)) x 10(-38) 38 cm(2)/ nucleon, respectively, and their cross-section ratio is 1.047 +/- 0.007(stat) +/- 0.035(syst). These results agree well with the predictions of the neutrino interaction model, and thus we checked the correct treatment of the nuclear effect for iron and hydrocarbon targets in the model within the measurement precisions.
Analysis of the binge drinking models with demographics and nonlinear infectivity on networks

Two new binge drinking models incorporating demographics on different weighted networks are investigated. First, the dynamics of the drinking model with the linear infectivity φ(k) = k on the unweighted network is investigated. The basic reproduction number R0 and the uniqueness and stability of all the equilibria are derived. Second, the model with the nonlinear infectivity φ(k) = k(0 < a < 1) and two kinds of weights is introduced, and stability of all the equilibria is studied. At last, some simulations are presented to illustrate our analytic results. Our results show that the spread of drinking behaviors on the fixed weighted network is the most easily to break out, and the infectivity exponent also has a greater effect on the spread of drinking behaviors than that of the weight exponent.
Toxicological Effects of Differently Polluted Dam Waters Spiked with Pesticides on Freshwater Snails Lymnaea Natalensis

Pesticides extensively used in agricultural fields to ensure high quality crop yields indirectly find their way to aquatic bodies where they affect aquatic biota. We investigated the effects of pesticides in different dam waters on esterase enzyme activity of the freshwater snail species Lymnaea natalensis. Groups of adult snails were exposed to 0.006 ppm chlorpyrifos and 0.003 ppm aldicarb in polluted water from Umguza dam and relatively pristine water from Hillside dam for 14 days. Carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase and arylesterase activities were measured. Both pesticides caused significant inhibition of esterase activity after the 14 day exposure period, with exposures to Umguza dam water showing higher inhibition as compared to exposures to Hillside dam water. Aldicarb and chlorpyrifos both showed a time-dependent inhibition of enzyme activity, the former causing a higher inhibitory effect as compared to the latter. Acetylcholinesterase was inhibited up to 80% following exposure to aldicarb while exposure to chlorpyrifos in Umguza water caused only 40% inhibition. Carboxylesterases were similarly inhibited with higher inhibition observed in snails exposed to Umguza dam water when compared to snails exposed to Hillside dam water, while arylesterases were inhibited in the range 80-90%, with an exception of chlorpyrifos spiked Hillside dam water which caused 45% inhibition. Contaminated Umguza dam water also appeared to enhance the effects of pesticides when compared to the relatively pristine Hillside dam water. Alteration of esterase activity can be used as an early warning signal indicating exposure to environmental pollutants. The results of this study therefore, highlight the adverse effects of pesticides on non-target aquatic organisms, evidenced by the inhibition of esterase activity.
Effets de régimes hyperlipidique et cafeteria sur le développement de l'obésité et ses désordres associés chez la souris

Introduction : L'obesite est causee par un desequilibre prolonge entre les apports energetiques et l'activite physique, dependant du metabolisme de base, de la production de chaleur et des effets thermogeniques du regime et de l'activite physique. Chez les rongeurs, l'obesite induite par le regime peut etre obtenue par differents regimes et approches. A cet egard, les regimes hyperlipidiques sont consideres comme les regimes de reference pour generer des modeles de l'obesite chez le rongeur et engendrent des pathologies similaires a celles rencontrees chez l'homme. Cependant, ce regime alimentaire est loin d'etre standardise et a ete critique sur le fait que la prise energetique totale et non uniquement les lipides regissait l'accumulation de graisse corporelle chez l'homme. Ainsi, les regimes cafeteria ont ete introduits : en offrant en plus d'un regime non purifie un choix de plusieurs aliments appetants, de composition, d'apparence et de texture differentes, ils permettent le developpement de l'obesite en declenchant l'hyperphagie. Objectif : L'objet de ces travaux a ete de comparer chez des souris obeses les effets d'un regime hyperlipidique a ceux d'un regime cafeteria sur la prise de nourriture, la prise de poids et les determinants du metabolisme et de l'homeostase energetique. Resultats : Nos resultats demontrent qu'un regime hyperlipidique et un regime cafeteria permettent tous deux d'obtenir un phenotype obese mais sans causer necessairement les memes changements metaboliques. Le regime cafeteria, caracterise par un contenu en glucides (principalement le sucrose) plus eleve et un contenu en lipides plus faible, semble avoir des consequences plus nefastes pour le foie et provoque des changements plus prononces au niveau du microbiote intestinal. Malgre un contenu en cholesterol plus faible que dans le regime hyperlipidique, les souris nourries au regime cafeteria presentaient une cholesterolemie similaire. Les niveaux d'expression des genes impliques dans le metabolisme du cholesterol dans l'intestin grele et le foie suggerent une augmentation de la synthese de cholesterol de novo et une modification de son transport, ces effets etant plus marques chez les souris nourries au regime hyperlipidique. Conclusion : Ces resultats remettent en question le statut des regimes hyperlipidiques pour declencher l'obesite et pour generer ses pathologies associees. Les regimes cafeteria sont aussi efficaces a cet egard et sont plus proches des regimes consommes chez l'homme.
USING FORWARD-LOOKING INFRARED RADIOGRAPHY TO ESTIMATE ELK DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN EASTERN KENTUCKY

OF THESIS USING FORWARD-LOOKING INFRARED RADIOGRAPHY TO ESTIMATE ELK DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN EASTERN KENTUCKY Elk (Cervus elaphus) in eastern Kentucky appear to have increased in number since reintroduction in 1997, but rugged landscapes and cryptic elk behavior have precluded use of typical population survey methods to accurately estimate population size. In December 2006, I used forward-looking infrared radiography (FLIR) to survey the elk population in eastern Kentucky. Elk locations identified by FLIR were used to create a landscape based model to estimate the density distribution of elk within a 7,088 km core area of the elk restoration zone. FLIR detected 76% of elk groups of < 10 individuals and 100% of elk groups of ≥ 10 individuals. The density of elk was positively associated with the amount of herbaceous area, herbaceous edge, herbaceous area weighted mean patch fractal dimensions, proximity to release sites, the number of elk released at each site and urban core area index, and negatively associated with road density. My model estimated the elk population at 7,001 (SE = 772, 95% CI = 5,4888,514) individuals within the core area, 53% of which were < 10 km from release sites. The predicted elk distribution pattern and abundance estimate derived from this model will be important for wildlife managers in successfully managing the Kentucky elk population.
PERFORMANCE OF ARTEMIA SHELL-FREE EMBRYOS, M oina micrura AND PHYTOPLANKTON ON LARVAE OF REARED AFRICAN CATFISH

Starter feeds are important in the growth of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) larvae. A study was conducted to investigate the performance of Artemia shell-free embryos, Moina micrura (Kurz) and phytoplankton as starter feed for larvae rearing of C. gariepinus. The experiment lasted 15 days in a set of nine tanks of 900-litre capacity. The study was divided into two phases of 5 and 10 days. During the end of the 15 days, the larvae fed on M. micrura had a growth rate of 32.95±12.62 % day -1 , survival of 76.51±7.33% and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of 0.17±0.00. The larvae fed on Artemia exhibited a growth rate, survival and SGR of 85.5±74.4% day -1 , 97.71±0.00 % and 0.28±0.18, respectively. The larvae fed on phytoplankton exhibited a growth rate, survival and SGR of 36.1± 44.58% day -1 , 45.73±24.14% and 0.12±0.11, respectively. The difference in performance between the feeds was mainly due to differences in their nutrient composition and levels. This study recommends the use of Artemia embryos as the best starter feed for the rearing of C. gariepinus larvae followed by the M. micrura.
Knowledge Management in Education in Indonesia: An Overview

Our era hic and nunc was known as â€œknowledge eraâ€, â€œknowledge communityâ€ or â€œknowledge societyâ€. The reason is that knowledge has become the central of this era. The main problem is on how to manage this knowledge in order to become an asset as problem â€“ solving tool, especially in the area of education. That is why, in early of 1990s experts tried to explore the notion of â€œknowledge managementâ€. As a consequence, knowledge management has been recognized as an effective instrument for improving the performance and productivity of an organization in this knowledge era including in education areas. Today, knowledge management has become â€œthe heart of education and research in terms of development and improvementâ€ worldwide. In this context, knowledge management is a process, process of acquisition,validation, utilization, sharing, storage and diffusion of knowledge. However, in Indonesia many educational institutions have not been implementing knowledge management as a strategic vision, a mission nor as goals comprehensively. One of the reasons is the limitation of a medium in accessing knowledge management information and in getting into the sources of knowledge.This paper is an overview of knowledge management in an educational context. The general ideas on knowledge management in education are explored in this paper. Such as, experts have emphasized that educational institutions are the centre of knowledge acquisition. Therefore,educational institutions should manage knowledge as the heart of education in a sustainable way. In addition, this paper analyzes knowledge management concept from the perspective of education and explores strategies in sustaining knowledge management in education, which in turn, can solve educational problems. This paper also provides a framework of knowledge management process in education for future practice in Indonesia.
NILS Working paper no 170. The impact of major--job mismatch on college graduates' early career earnings

In this paper, I assess the impact of the mismatch between college major and job on college graduates' early career earnings using a sample from China. I find that on average a major--job mismatched college graduate suffers from a small income loss. I argue that Chinese universities' emphasis on both general skills and major-specific skills could possibly explain why the average income penalty from major--job mismatch is very limited for college graduates in China. I also find that the income loss is heterogeneous and skewed that about one third of the major--job mismatched college graduates earn more than those matched ones.
THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION ASYMMETRY ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT THROUGH ACCRUAL AND REAL ACTIVITIES DURING GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS

This study examines the impact of the 2008-2009 financial crisis on the earnings managementbehavior of Indonesian listed firms. This study gives evidence of how the presence of informationasymmetry affects management incentives to manage earnings, especially through real activities.When information asymmetry is high, stakeholders do not have sufficient resources, incentives oraccess to relevant information to monitor manager’s actions, which gives rise to the practice ofearnings management. This research replicate the work of Richardson (2000) and Rahmawatiand Baridwan (2006) but in the setting of during global financial crisis. This study examines theeffect of SarbOx on earnings management behavior and shows that earnings management hasshifted from accrual management to real account management. Using 55 manufacturing firmsfrom 2008 to 2011, this study adds to our knowledge of earning management and informationasymmetry during global financial crisis in Indonesia.
The Effect of Screen Quotas on the Self-Sufficiency Ratio in Recent Domestic Film Markets

This study examined the impact of the screen quota system and other determinants on the self-sufficiency ratio. The regression models show the quota system is not a significant predictor of the self-sufficiency ratio, suggesting the system may not be an effective mechanism to limit the number of foreign film screenings in domestic theaters. Gross domestic product, box office revenue, and production investment were found to be strong predictors, and cultural discount and English-speaking language are not significant determinants.
Persistence, Signal-Noise Pattern and Heterogeneity in Panel Data: With an Application to the Impact of Foreign Direct investment on GDP

GMM estimation of autoregressive panel data equations in error-ridden variables when the noise has memory, is considered. The impact of variation in the memory length in signal and noise spread and in the degree of individual heterogeneity are discussed with respect to ﬁnite sample bias, using Monte Carlo simulations. Also explored are also the impact of the strength of autocorrelation and the size of the IV set. GMM procedures using IVs in diﬀerences on equations in levels, in general perform better in small samples than procedures using IVs in levels on equations in diﬀerences. A case-study of the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on GDP, inter alia, contrasting the manufacturing and the service sector, based on country panel data supplements the simulation results.
How uncertainties in future climate change predictions translate into future terrestrial carbon fluxes

We forced a global terrestrial carbon cycle model by climate fields of 14 ocean and atmosphere general circulation models (OAGCMs) to simulate the response of terrestrial carbon pools and fluxes to climate change over the next century. These models participated in the second phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP2), where a 1% per year increase of atmospheric CO2 was prescribed. We obtain a reduction in net land uptake because of climate change ranging between 1.4 and 5.7 Gt C yr−1 at the time of atmospheric CO2 doubling. Such a reduction in terrestrial carbon sinks is largely dominated by the response of tropical ecosystems, where soil water stress occurs. The uncertainty in the simulated land carbon cycle response is the consequence of discrepancies in land temperature and precipitation changes simulated by the OAGCMs. We use a statistical approach to assess the coherence of the land carbon fluxes response to climate change. The biospheric carbon fluxes and pools changes have a coherent response in the tropics, in the Mediterranean region and in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. This is because of a good coherence of soil water content change in the first two regions and of temperature change in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
Using asset management companies to resolve non-performing loans in China

To address the banking system’s non-performing loan (NPL) problem, the Chinese government set up four asset management corporations (AMCs). They were to buy bad debts from mainly the big four state-owned commercial banks and dispose of them over 10 years, taking a large step towards NPL resolution. So far, these AMCs have made a limited contribution to the resolution of the NPL problem. They have taken over well over half of the NPLs of the big four banks and probably resolved more than half of those acquired. However,under plausible recovery scenarios, the AMC losses would surpass the current financial contributions to the AMCs from both the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and the People’s Bank of China (PBC). This raises the question of who will pay for the AMC losses. Since their cash recoveries have lagged their interest obligations, they also face cash flow pressures. In response, the Chinese government has offered investment banking business licenses as incentives for the AMCs to meet the deadlines and recovery targets of their NPL resolution.
Cadmium Accumulation by a Citrobacter sp.: the Chemical Nature of the Accumulated Metal Precipitate and its Location on the Bacterial Cells

SUMMARY: Cells of a strain of a Citrobacter sp. , pre-grown in cadmium-free continuous culture, accumulated cadmium extensively when resuspended in a buffer that contained Cd2+ and glycerol 2-phosphate. The accumulated compound was identified by X-ray microanalysis and magic angle spinning NMR analysis as cell-bound cadmium phosphate, probably CdHPO4. Its accumulation is consistent with the activity of a phosphatase, induced during pre-growth, that continues to function in the resuspended cells to liberate HPO2- 4 from glycerol 2-phosphate. This anion then combines with Cd2+ to form insoluble cell-bound CdHPO4.
Awareness of Stroke in Adults and Pediatrics among Fayoum University Hospital Workers and Medical Students

Background: Stroke is a devastating public health problem in Egypt and it is considered the third leading cause of death in the developed countries. The hospital workers are an important source of stroke knowledge. Objective: We aim to assess the stroke knowledge among Fayoum University hospital workers and medical students. Methods: A cross sectional hospital based survey was conducted on (202) participants from Fayoum University hospital workers and medical students. They were divided into two groups: health care providers (HCPs) and non-health care providers (NHCPs) who were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on stroke knowledge in both adults and children. Results: The HCPs represented (65.8%) of the study sample, (93.6%) had knowledge about stroke while (30.7%) only knew that stroke might occur in the pediatric age group; (17.3%) knew the possible causes and only (4.5 %) were oriented that the inborn errors of metabolisms might be a cause of stroke in children. The common known important stroke risk factors reported were hypertension (65.8%); followed by obesity (58.9%), stress (55.9%), and smoking (48.5%). The main source of information was through getting contact with someone having stroke in both groups (34.6%, 21.7% respectively). Eighty five percent of HCPs and 40.6% of NHCPs might transfer the patients to the hospital as a first action seeking for proper treatment. Conclusion: A huge gap of knowledge about stroke symptoms was present between the HCPs and NHCPs indicating the urgent need for a community based stroke awareness programs. [Egypt J Neurol Psychiat Neurosurg. 2011; 48(3): 235-240]
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Concentration of Airborne Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) of Different Hospitals in Northern Jordan

Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) constitute an increasing nosocomial problem especially in hospitals due to intrinsic and acquired resistance to antimicrobials agent. Our objective is to evaluate the CoNS in the adult intensive care units (ICU) and nursery intensive care units (NICU) of Northern Jordan Hospital, to different antibiotics. 128 air samples of 100 liters volume/min were collected by a microbiological air sampler from the above units during the period June to December, 2005. Air samples were impacted on Trypticase soy agar (TSA), and then incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Each bacterial colony appeared on agar plates were sub-cultured on TSA or blood agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24-48 h, and then identified by standard methods. The average bacterial count in the ICU and NICU was 311.7 and 322 cfu/m 3 , respectively. CoNS were the most prevalent bacteria of all Gram positives in ICU (26.5%) and NICU (23.5%) with S. saprophyticus been the most isolated species (> 65%). CoNS were the most commonly isolated Gram positive cocci in ICU and showed remarkable resistance to Novobiocin (66.9 %), but high susceptibility (> 90%) to Ciprofloxacin. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Intrduction Indoor air quality of hospitals is remarkably important because the hospital environment is full of microorganisms which may influence the health of people in the hospital and cause nosocomial and other infections through airborne exposure (1). Airborne bacteria are one of these pathogens and evaluation of their count, types and diversity in hospitals rooms especially ICU and NICU is very important to control and prevent nosocomial infections (2 4). Human related organisms from patients, hospital staff and visitors are spread during human activities (5). The contaminated air droplets from patients and staff, outdoor contaminated air (1), number of visitors and the amount of materials brought in from outside are recognized as sources of hospital
Feedback control of occupant motion during a crash

Abstract Passive in-vehicle safety systems such as the air bag and the belt restrain the occupant during a crash. However, often their behavior is not optimal in terms of occupant injuries. This paper discusses an approach to design an ideal restraint system. The problem is formulated as a feedback tracking problem with the objective to force the controlled variables, i.e., the acceleration of the head and the chest of the occupant, to follow a priori defined reference signals by simultaneous manipulation of the belt and the air bag. The reference signals have to reflect minimal injuries to the head, the chest, and the neck. More or less realistic numerical models of a crash test are far too complex to be used in control design processes. Therefore, a strategy is presented to derive simple, linear MIMO models. These models approximate the local dynamic behavior of the complex model and are suitable for control design. Analysis of the interactions in these simple models makes it plausible that the control design problem can be split into two separate tracking problems. Next, stabilizing low order controllers are designed using these models, and implemented in the closed loop system with the realistic numerical model. Results are presented, suggesting that feedback control with low order controllers is extremely effective as a basis for ideal restraint systems. Reductions of the adopted injury measures of at least 40% in comparison with the uncontrolled restraint system are achieved.