Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synaptic organization of the glomerulus in the main olfactory bulb: Compartments of the glomerulus and heterogeneity of the periglomerular cells

According to the combinatorial receptor and glomerular codes for odors, the fine tuning of the output level from each glomerulus is assumed to be important for information processing in the olfactory system, which may be regulated by numerous elements, such as olfactory nerves (ONs), periglomerular (PG) cells, centrifugal nerves and even various interneurons, such as granule cells, making synapses outside the glomeruli. Recently, structural and physiological analyses at the cellular level started to reveal that the neuronal organization of the olfactory bulb may be more complex than previously thought. In the present paper, we describe the following six points of the structural organization of the glomerulus, revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy analyses of rats, mice and other mammals: (i) the chemical heterogeneity of PG cells; (ii) compartmental organization of the glomerulus, with each glomerulus consisting of two compartments, the ON zone and the non-ON zone; (iii) the heterogeneity of PG cells in terms of their structural and synaptic features, whereby type 1 PG cells send their intraglomerular dendrites into both the ON and non-ON zones and type 2 PG cells send their intraglomerular dendrites only into the non-ON zone, thus receiving either few synapses from the ON terminals, if present, or none at all; (iv) the spatial relationship of mitral/tufted cell dendritic processes with ON terminals and PG cell dendrites; (v) complex neuronal interactions via chemical synapses and gap junctions in the glomerulus; and (vi) comparative aspects of the organization of the main olfactory bulb.
Primary Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis and Utility of Line Probe Assay for Its Detection in Smear-Positive Sputum Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

In a high tuberculosis burdened country like India, rapid, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic tools for tuberculosis are an urgent need of the hour to prevent inappropriate treatment strategies and further spread of resistance. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of new smear-positive tuberculosis cases with primary resistance to rifampicin and/or isoniazid as well as identify the common mutations associated with it. Sputum of 200 newly diagnosed smear-positive cases of 1+ score and above was directly subjected to Line Probe Assay using the GenoType MTBDRplus assay kit. All samples were inoculated onto solid media and 61 samples were inoculated in automated liquid culture also. The Line Probe Assay gave hundred percent interpretable results with 2.5% of the study population showing resistant pattern. Only 1% of the cases were primary multidrug resistant tuberculosis and 1.5% showed isoniazid monoresistance. S531L and C15T were the most common genetic mutations seen for rifampicin and isoniazid resistance, respectively. 40% had absent rpoB wild type 8 band indicating probable silent mutation after clinical correlation. The average turnaround time for Line Probe Assay was far less (3.8 days) as compared to solid and liquid cultures (35.6 days and 13.5 days, resp.).
Effects of mode and order of administration on generic health-related quality of life scores.

OBJECTIVE We evaluate the effects of mode and order of administration on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores. METHOD We analyzed HRQOL data from the Clinical Outcomes and Measurement of Health Study (COMHS). In COMHS, we enrolled patients with heart failure or cataracts at three sites (University of California, San Diego, University of California, Los Angeles, and University of Wisconsin). Patients completed self-administered HRQOL instruments at baseline and months 1 and 6 post-baseline, including the EuroQol (EQ-5D), Health Utilities Index (HUI), Quality of Well-Being Scale--self-administered (QWB-SA), and the Short Form (SF)-36v2. At the 6 months follow-up, individuals were randomized to mail or telephone administration first, followed by the other mode of administration. We used repeated measures mixed effects models, adjusting for site, patient age, education, gender, and race. RESULTS Included were 121 individuals entering a heart failure program and 326 individuals scheduled for cataract surgery who completed the survey by mail or phone at the 6-month follow-up. The majority of the sample was female (53%) and white (86%). About a quarter of the sample had high school education or less (26%). The average age was 66 (36-91 range). HRQOL scores were higher (more positive) for phone administration following mail administration. The largest differences in scores between phone and mail responses occurred for comparisons of telephone responses for those who were randomized to a mail survey first compared with mail responses for those randomized to a telephone survey first (i.e., mode effects for responses that were given on the second administration of the HRQOL measures). The QWB-SA was the only measure that did not display the pattern of mode effects. The biggest differences between modes were 4 points on the SF-36v2 physical health and mental health component summary scores, 0.06 on the SF-6D, 0.03 on the QWB-SA, 0.08 on the EQ-5D, 0.04 on the HUI2, and 0.10 on the HUI3. CONCLUSIONS Telephone administration yields significantly more positive HRQOL scores for all of the generic HRQOL measures except for the QWB-SA. The magnitude of effects was clearly important, with some differences as large as a half-standard deviation. These findings confirm the importance of considering mode of administration when interpreting HRQOL scores.
The use of Twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics

As the use of Twitter has become more commonplace throughout many nations, its role in political discussion has also increased. This has been evident in contexts ranging from general political discussion through local, state, and national elections (such as in the 2010 Australian elections) to protests and other activist mobilisation (for example in the current uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen, as well as in the controversy around Wikileaks). Research into the use of Twitter in such political contexts has also developed rapidly, aided by substantial advancements in quantitative and qualitative methodologies for capturing, processing, analysing, and visualising Twitter updates by large groups of users. Recent work has especially highlighted the role of the Twitter hashtag – a short keyword, prefixed with the hash symbol ‘#’ – as a means of coordinating a distributed discussion between more or less large groups of users, who do not need to be connected through existing ‘follower’ networks. Twitter hashtags – such as ‘#ausvotes’ for the 2010 Australian elections, ‘#londonriots’ for the coordination of information and political debates around the recent unrest in London, or ‘#wikileaks’ for the controversy around Wikileaks thus aid the formation of ad hoc publics around specific themes and topics. They emerge from within the Twitter community – sometimes as a result of pre-planning or quickly reached consensus, sometimes through protracted debate about what the appropriate hashtag for an event or topic should be (which may also lead to the formation of competing publics using different hashtags). Drawing on innovative methodologies for the study of Twitter content, this paper examines the use of hashtags in political debate in the context of a number of major case studies.
An Experimental Investigation of Configural, Digital, and Temporal Information on Process Displays

The detection of a temporal event was investigated in two experiments comparing perceptual performance in terms of reaction time, hit rate, and number of false alarms on four separated and integrated display formats with and without historical information. In addition, the importance of supplementary digital information was examined. Experiment 1 showed that instantaneous displays were perceived faster than historical displays on high-rate events but not on low-rate events. The hit rate and the number of false alarms was higher on integrated displays than on separated displays. Experiment 2 used data with random noise added. Graphical integration across time and across the eight variables both had significant importance for the ability to see trends in the presence of noise. Adding digital information to graphical displays was found to decrease reaction time in general, but the hit rate may be reduced by adding numbers on integrated displays without a temporal dimension.
PELOD-2: An Update of the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score

Objective:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is the main cause of death in adult ICUs and in PICUs. The PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score developed in 1999 was primarily designed to describe the severity of organ dysfunction. This study was undertaken to update and improve the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, using a larger and more recent dataset. Design:Prospective multicenter cohort study. Setting:Nine multidisciplinary, tertiary-care PICUs of university-affiliated hospitals in France and Belgium. Patients:All consecutive children admitted to these PICUs (June 2006–October 2007). Intervention:None. Measurements and Main Results:We collected data on variables considered for the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score during PICU stay up to eight time points: days 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 18, plus PICU discharge. For each variable considered for the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score, the most abnormal value observed during time points was collected. The outcome was vital status at PICU discharge. Identification of the best variable cutoffs was performed using bivariate analyses. The PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score was developed by multivariable logistic regressions and bootstrap process. We used areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve to evaluate discrimination and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests to evaluate calibration. We enrolled 3,671 consecutive patients (median age, 15.5 mo; interquartile range, 2.2–70.7). Mortality rate was 6.0% (222 deaths). The PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score includes ten variables corresponding to five organ dysfunctions. Discrimination (areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.934) and calibration (chi-square test for goodness-of-fit = 9.31, p = 0.317) of the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score were good. Conclusion:We developed and validated the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score, which allows assessment of the severity of cases of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the PICU with a continuous scale. The PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score now includes mean arterial pressure and lactatemia in the cardiovascular dysfunction and does not include hepatic dysfunction. The score will be in the public domain, which means that it can be freely used in clinical trials.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON JOB STRESS LEVEL IN FOREIGN-OWNED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

This study examined the influence of socio-demographic factors on level of job stress in foreign-owned manufacturing companies in Ogun State, Nigeria with the specific objectives of investigating level of job stress as well as the socio-demographic characteristics influencing the job stress level. This study used cross sectional analytical design with quantitative approach. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and the data collected were statistically analyzed using percentage and weighted mean; while the hypotheses formulated were tested using spearman rank correlation and multiple regressions. The results of the study showed that with the exception of gender (P<0.05; coeff r = -0.003), and employees’ department (P<0.05; coeff r = -0.003) that impacted negatively on employees stress level, other socio-demographic characteristics such as age (P<0.05: coeff r = 0.074), marital status (P<0.05; coeff r = 0.125), educational level (P<0.05; coeff r = 0.037), employees’ cadre (P<0.05; coeff r= 0.038), years of working experience (P<0.05; coeff r= 0.146), income (P<0.05; coeff r= 0.025) and employees’ position (P<0.05; coeff r= 0.103) had positive impacts on the employees’ job stress level. This concludes that socio-demographic factors exert significant influence on employees’ job stress level. It is recommended that employers should always take into consideration employees’ socio-demographic characteristics when assessing their job stress level because it can provide useful information on specific individual characteristics influencing stress level in workplace. Keywords: socio-demographic, stress, employees, cross sectional analytical, Ogun
Shortening of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili after RNA-phage adsorption.

SUMMARY: The F-pilus retraction theory suggests that F-pili retract on contact with a recipient bacterium or pilus-specific bacteriophage, but there has been no direct demonstration of any form of pilus retraction. Electron microscopy is used here to study average length changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa RNA-phage pili after the adsorption of RNA-phage virions to the sides. The theory predicts that, if one phage per pilus is adsorbed, there should be a reduction of about 50% in the mean length due to the adsorption of virions at random points; retraction would be stopped at the point of adsorption when the virus reached the bacterial surface. A phage-resistant, pilus-bearing P. aeruginosa strain (PAO68), used as a control, showed no such change. The phage-sensitive strain PAOI showed an average reduction in pilus length of about 42.5% relative to its length before adsorption, or 50% relative to the PAO68 average. This strongly suggests pilus retraction in PAOI but not in PAO68. In electron micrographs, phage virions are seen almost always at the bases of PAOI pili, whereas virions adsorbed to PAO68 are randomly distributed along the pili.
ICT Usage and its Effect on Export Performance: Empirical Evidence from Small and Medium Enterprises in the Manufacturing Sector in Zimbabwe

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe have been considered as the future driver of economic development. And yet they are not spared from global competition that threatens their existence. Adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) has been regarded as one of the strategies for survival in this global competitive environment. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence on the effect of ICT usage on export performance of SMEs. This study was, therefore, undertaken to examine the effect of ICT usage on the export performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector in Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional survey of 243 SMEs was conducted in Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. Results show that overall ICT usage positively predicts the export performance of manufacturing SMEs. However, the ICT’s prediction of the export performance is dimension-specific. Of the three dimensions of ICT usage, only relationship building capabilities significantly predicts export performance while market intelligence and marketing capabilities do not significantly predict export performance. The paper recommends that the use of ICT should be aligned with the goals of the firms. Keywords : export performance; firm performance; information and communication technology; innovation; small and medium enterprises
Neurotrophins and their Trk‐receptors in the cerebellum of zebrafish

Neurotrophins (NTs) and their specific Trk‐receptors are key molecules involved in the regulation of survival, proliferation, and differentiation of central nervous system during development and adulthood in vertebrates. In the present survey, we studied the expression and localization of neurotrophins and their Trk‐receptors in the cerebellum of teleost fish Danio rerio (zebrafish). Teleostean cerebellum is composed of a valvula, body and vestibulolateral lobe. Valvula and body show the same three‐layer structure as cerebellar cortex in mammals. The expression of NTs and Trk‐receptors in the whole brain of zebrafish has been studied by Western blotting analysis. By immunohistochemistry, the localization of NTs has been observed mainly in Purkinje cells; TrkA and TrkB‐receptors in cells and fibers of granular and molecular layers. TrkC was faintly detected. The occurrence of NTs and Trk‐receptors suggests that they could have a synergistic action in the cerebellum of zebrafish. J. Morphol. 277:725–736, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ASENAPINE MALEATE USING REVERSE PHASE-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

A novel isocratic reverse-phase high performance liquid-chromatography method for determination of asenapine maleate was developed and validated after optimization of various chromatographic conditions. Samples were separated on a waters x-terra C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μ) analytical column. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile: 0.1M phosphate buffer (p 3.2) 65:35%v/v operated at 30 °C column oven temperature was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min and the column eluents were monitored at a wavelength of 272 nm. When sample was injected into the Finnigan surveyor high performance liquid-chromatography system through Finnigan surveyor auto-sampler injector, separation was achieved within 5.0 min. The present method was demonstrated and it was validated with the acceptable values for selectivity, linearity (within the expected concentration range (10–50 μg mL; r > 0.999)), recovery (>95%), precision (%RSD < 2.0), sensitivity (limit of detection: 1.85 μg mL and lower limit of quantification: 2.34 μg mL), robustness, and ruggedness.
Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Affective Fluctuations Associated with the Menstrual Cycle

&NA; Cyclic changes in the magnitude of negative affect were measured among a sample of 102 women who differed only in their use of oral contraceptives. Negative affect was measured by content‐analyzing verbal speech collected at four different phases of the menstrual cycle under conditions that disguised the real purpose of the study. While women with natural menstrual cycles produced a U‐shaped pattern of negative affect, women using combination oral contraceptives showed no cyclic affective changes. These results were not determined by self‐selection, prior expectations or reduction of physical discomfort among users of drug combinations. Further analysis suggested that the absence of affective fluctuations among users of drug combinations may be due, in part, to the effects of the drug on the intensity of menstrual flow, and in part, to its effects on MAO activity.
Specificity in the Development of Vertical Connections in Cat Striate Cortex

The main efferent axons of pyramidal cells in layer 2/3 in the adult cat striate cortex make collateral connections specifically within layer 2/3 and layer 5 and avoid the intervening layer 4. Intracellular dye injections in vitro were used to determine how, during early postnatal development, this precise pattern of laminar connections was achieved. These investigations revealed that the pattern of collateral outgrowth was specific from the very earliest time that axons began sprouting collaterals. During the first postnatal week, sprouts were seen exclusively within layers 2/3 and 5; no evidence for a transient connection to layer 4 was observed. Furthermore, collaterals emerged simultaneously within layers 2/3 and 5, despite the large difference in the postmigratory ages of the two layers. By the end of the second postnatal week, the adult number of collaterals was achieved. Further elaboration of the local arbors occurred by repeated branching of already existing collaterals, rather than by addition of new collaterals to the main axon. These results demonstrate that the formation of local connections between cortical layers is highly specific, in contrast to the development of clustered horizontal connections by these same cells within layers 2/3 and 5, which involves extensive remodelling of local connections.
The organizational resilience

Definizione di resilienza. Le origini e i principi della resilienza. Le diverse forme di resilienza. Le variabili che sviluppano la resilienza. Output legati alla resilienza. Un nuovo modello concettuale: il ciclo d'azione della resilienza.
The effect of stress on vowel space in daxi hakka Chinese

The present study examined the effect of stress on vowels, specifically duration, formant frequency and acoustic vowel space in CV syllable in Daxi Hakka Chinese. F1 and F2 values were measured at three equidistant time locations. Results show that the absence of stress results in the reduction of vowel duration, which is shortened by 23% in the unstressed condition. The presence of stress affects formants by raising F2 for front vowels, raising F1 for low vowels, and lowering F2 for back vowels. Space areas in the stressed condition are significantly greater than their unstressed counterparts in all three measurement points. The mean space areas are compressed by 17% from the stressed to the unstressed condition. The mean space areas in 50% point are the largest in the two stress conditions. There is a positive correlation between interspeaker duration and vowel space areas.
In Silico Medicine Approach to Predict Changes in Human Vertebrae Due to Osteoporosis and Treatment

It is generally accepted that trabecular architecture plays a pivotal role in the mechanical behaviour of bone. With age, bone undergoes structural changes, which can result in osteoporosis, leading to lifethreatening fractures, and inevitable decrease in the quality of life. While mathematical laws governing bone remodelling are under continued investigation, the aim of this project was to apply a simple in silico model to simulate changes in the bone architecture due to age, as previously reported in clinical studies. In addition, the effects of the current recommended treatments were investigated. Using high-resolution three-dimensional mu CT scans of whole human vertebrae, age-related bone loss and recovery simulation produced realistic simulations of structural change over 30 years.
The Effect of Care Worker’s Perception and Level of Human Rights and Social Support on Job Stress in Elderly Long-term Care Institutions in Korea

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the care worker’s perception of human rights infringement, level of human rights infringement, and social support on job stress. For doing this, we conducted a survey from July to December 2015, and a total of 284 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The main results of the study are as follows. First, the care worker's perception of human rights infringement was average of 3.66, higher than the medium. However, the level of human rights infringement was low as a whole, with verbal and emotional infringement 2.49, followed by physical threat infringement 2.11, physical violence infringement 1.91, and sexual violence infringement 1.48. Second, according to the result of examining the effect of the care-managers’ perception of human rights infringement, level of human rights infringement, and social support on job stress, sexual violence infringement had the biggest effect on the role conflict and role excessiveness in the level of human rights infringement. Also, verbal and emotional infringement and social support had the biggest effect on the role vagueness. Especially, social support was the protection factor for reducing the role vagueness. And, the result that sexual violence infringement is the major effective variable for role conflict and role excessiveness in job stress.