Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracheal intubation through the I-gel™ supraglottic airway versus the LMA Fastrach™: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The i-gel™ is a supraglottic airway device not requiring inflation of a cuff for lung ventilation. Its design allows for unobstructed passage of a tracheal tube and previous studies have demonstrated a favorable alignment with the glottic inlet. In this prospective randomized study, we compared the success rate of blind tracheal intubation using the i-gel and the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Fastrach™. METHODS One hundred sixty patients requiring general anesthesia and airway management were randomized to tracheal intubation using the i-gel or the LMA Fastrach. After induction of general anesthesia, the allocated device was inserted and adequate lung ventilation was confirmed. Blind tracheal intubation was then attempted. First attempt and overall tracheal intubation success rates were evaluated and tracheal intubation times were measured. RESULTS Eighty patients were recruited in each study group. Successful tracheal intubation was obtained on the first attempt in 69% of patients with the i-gel and 74% of patients with the LMA Fastrach (95% confidence interval [CI] of difference, -9% to 19%, P = 0.60). The overall intubation success rate was lower using the i-gel than it was using the LMA Fastrach (73% vs 91%, 95% CI of difference, 7% to 31%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS On first attempts, successful blind tracheal intubation was obtained at comparable rates using the i-gel and the LMA Fastrach. However, when the first attempt was unsuccessful, subsequent attempts through the i-gel did not significantly increase tracheal intubation success rate. The LMA Fastrach yielded a higher overall intubation success rate.
Parental Child‐Rearing Conflicts Through Adolescence: Trajectories and Associations With Child Characteristics and Externalizing Patterns

&NA; Research on longitudinal interparental conflict patterns and offspring development is scarce. The population‐based TOPP study (N = 459) was used to investigate (1) child‐rearing conflict trajectories through four time points during childhood and adolescence (ages 8–16), and (2) associations between conflict trajectories and child characteristics (i.e., birth order, gender, externalizing patterns from early childhood). Latent profile analysis identified six distinct trajectories. Conflict levels decreased for most respondents over the adolescent offspring period, but offspring's birth order and externalizing problems were related to less typical trajectories and higher levels of conflict. Onset of externalizing problems was of additional importance for the course of parental child‐rearing conflicts. The results highlight the perception of the whole family as an interwoven system.
Interleukin‐33 regulates tissue remodelling and inhibits angiogenesis in the eye

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision loss worldwide. Loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a major pathological hallmark in AMD with or without pathological neovascularization. Although activation of the immune system is implicated in disease progression, pathological pathways remain diverse and unclear. Here, we report an unexpected protective role of a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐33 (IL‐33), in ocular angiogenesis. IL‐33 and its receptor (ST2) are expressed constitutively in human and murine retina and choroid. When RPE was activated, IL‐33 expression was markedly elevated in vitro. We found that IL‐33 regulated tissue remodelling by attenuating wound‐healing responses, including reduction in the migration of choroidal fibroblasts and retinal microvascular endothelial cells, and inhibition of collagen gel contraction. In vivo, local administration of recombinant IL‐33 inhibited murine choroidal neovascularization (CNV) formation, a surrogate of human neovascular AMD, and this effect was ST2‐dependent. Collectively, these data demonstrate IL‐33 as a potential immunotherapy and distinguishes pathways for subverting AMD pathology. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Seeking information in circles: The application of Chatman’s life in the round theory to the information small world of Catholic clergy in northern Nigeria

This study explores Chatman’s proposition of the theory of life in the round that members of a small world who live in the round will not cross the boundaries of their world to seek information. The study tests Chatman’s proposition to find out whether it is applicable to the special population of Catholic clergy. The study was conducted with Catholic clergy from northern Nigeria. Findings show that these clergy are not likely to cross boundaries of their small worlds to seek information about their ministry or private lives. They prefer to seek such information within their circle of clergy. The findings align with Chatman’s conclusion that life lived in the round has a negative influence on information seeking. This study advances the understanding of Chatman’s theory of life in the round and positions religious status as a factor that is capable of influencing the information-seeking process.
Studies of Jak/STAT3 expression and signalling in psoriasis identifies STAT3‐Ser727 phosphorylation as a modulator of transcriptional activity

Jak/Tyk proteins have recently aroused as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of psoriasis. In psoriasis, these proteins signal through STAT molecules including STAT3, and STAT3 expression and activation has been shown augmented in psoriatic lesions. Here, we characterized the expression of Jak/Tyk proteins in lesional compared with non‐lesional psoriatic skin. Jak1, Jak2 mRNA and protein and Tyk2 mRNA appeared to be downregulated, whereas Jak3 mRNA expression was increased. Moreover, STAT3 expression and activation was examined in psoriasis. STAT3 is activated at two phosphorylation sites: Tyr705 and Ser727. Both phosphorylation sites were phosphorylated in lesional psoriatic skin. The activation of STAT3 by Jak/Tyk proteins was studied in cultured normal human keratinocytes. Tyr705 phosphorylation was induced by IL‐6 and IL‐20 in a Jak2‐dependent manner, and moreover, phosphorylation of Tyr705 produced a strong increase in STAT3 transcriptional activity. TNFα, 12‐O‐Tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) and UVB irradiation induced Ser727 phosphorylation of STAT3 in an ERK1/2‐ and p38 MAPK‐dependent manner, which resulted in a modulatory effect on STAT3 transcriptional activity. Our results demonstrate how different signalling pathways can integrate and lead to regulation of STAT3 transcriptional activity.
Actuarial and Financial Mathematics Conference: Interplay between Finance and Insurance

We examine the ingredients of Solvency II, namely its free capital, provision and solvency capital requirement. They are of course linked by the accounting equality but we claim that they should be more deeply related to each other since solvency naturally should require positivity of available capital. Taken in general, this condition indeed almost dictates a formula to derive provision from free capital. The derivation suggests the property of market consistency of provision and the definition of optimal replicating portfolio. This does not show up in actual building of Solvency II, while we show that coherent risk measures allow an integrated construction.
Panobinostat in lymphoid and myeloid malignancies

Introduction: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are a class of antineoplastic agent targeting the epigenome, specifically chromatin remodelling, resulting in modulation of genes responsible for apoptosis and cell cycle regulation, and also hyperacetylation of many non-histone proteins. Panobinostat is a potent pan-histone inhibitor of HDAC enzymes implicated in cancer development and progression. Activity has been demonstrated in hematological diseases, such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), myeloma and myeloid malignancies. Areas covered: We discuss basic pharmacology, followed by early phase trial results and analyse recent large Phase II trials in HL, CTCL, myeloid malignancies and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). Future directions for drug development including potential predictive biomarkers are considered. Expert opinion: The results of Phase II trials prove that oral panobinostat is deliverable with dosing regimens of three times per week, either weekly or biweekly. The major hematologic side-effect of myelosuppression, in particular thrombocytopenia, is transient and manageable, as are the non-hematologic side-effects. Encouraging responses are observed in HL, CTCL, myelofibrosis and WM. The safety and efficacy results from studies of combination therapy with azacitidine in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes suggest that this agent may find a place in the management of a range of hematologic cancers.
Microvascular Perfusion Abnormalities of the Thalamus in Painful but Not Painless Diabetic Polyneuropathy

OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy (DN) remains undetermined, with both central and peripheral mechanisms implicated. This study investigates whether thalamic perfusion abnormalities occur in painful DN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen subjects with type 1 diabetes (no DN = 6, painful DN = 5, painless DN = 7) and six healthy volunteers (HV) were recruited. Microvascular perfusion characteristics (relative cerebral blood volume [rCBV], flow [rCBF], and transit time [ttFM]) of the thalamus and caudate nucleus were assessed using magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. The caudate nucleus was chosen to serve as an in vivo control region. RESULTS Subjects with painful DN had significantly greater thalamic rCBV (means [SD]; painful DN, 228.7 [19.5]; no DN, 202.3 [25.8]; painless DN, 216.5 [65.5]; HV, 181.9 [51.7]; P = 0.04) and the longest ttFM(s) (painful DN, 38.4 [3.6]; no DN, 35.3 [13.2]; painless DN, 35.9 [13.7]; HV, 33.7 [14.9]; P = 0.07). There was no significant difference in markers of caudate nucleus perfusion. CONCLUSIONS Painful DN is associated with increased thalamic vascularity. This may provide an important clue to the pathogenesis of pain in DN.
The Internet and services marketing - the case of Danish retail banking

Examines various aspects of the motives, perceptions and expectations connected with the introduction of Internet banking in Danish retail banking. Responses from 60 key managers in the largest retail banks in Denmark show that they believe that Internet banking will become more important in the future, whereas all other distribution channels are predicted to become less important. Describes further the relationship between the perceptions of and expectations from Internet banking, the reasons for offering an Internet bank and the way it has been organized in the banks.
Review of impacts of rural land use and management on flood generation: Impact study report

The way that land is used and managed affects how rain and snowmelt water runs off into field drains and ditches and then into streams and rivers. Any change in land use and management practices in an area therefore has the potential to affect the frequency and extent of the flooding of local farms and rural communities. These local effects can also propagate downstream and contribute to flooding at larger scales. A team drawn from the disciplines of agriculture, soil science, hydrology, hydrogeology and socio-economic science carried out a detailed and extensive review, documented the current state of knowledge, and prepared a plan for research over the next 10 years to improve the scientific understanding of these effects and to establish best practice in the design and implementation of measures for preventing and mitigating this flooding.
A Fast Phase Unwrapping Method for Large-Scale Interferograms

Two-dimensional phase unwrapping (PU) is a critical processing procedure of synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Thus far, many PU methods with high accuracy have been proposed. However, the limitation of computer's memory requirement is ignored in the design of most of these methods. To effectively solve this problem, a fast PU method for large-scale interferograms is proposed in this paper. With this method, a large-scale interferogram is first partitioned into small tiles according to a strategy based on the residue clustering characteristics, which is the extension and improvement of our previous work. The new tiling strategy has a significant advantage over our earlier work, since it can exactly ensure the consistency between local and global PU results of the L1-norm criterion. In order to solve the dilemma that high execution speed and high accuracy cannot be satisfied at the same time, which is usually encountered in practice, each tile will be independently unwrapped by minimum-spanning-tree-based PU method either in parallel or in series after tiling processing. By comparing between two representative large-scale PU methods (the SNAPHU method proposed by Chen and Zebker and a large-scale minimum-cost flow method supplied by GAMMA software), it can be seen that the proposed approach is not only efficient in solving large-scale PU problems but also effective in avoiding the inconsistency between local and global PU results generated by image tiling.
Congruence of Inherent and Acquired Values Facilitates Reward-Based Decision-Making

Most real-life cues exhibit certain inherent values that may interfere with or facilitate the acquisition of new expected values during associative learning. In particular, when inherent and acquired values are congruent, learning may progress more rapidly. Here we investigated such an influence through a 2 × 2 factorial design, using attractiveness (high/low) of the facial picture as a proxy for the inherent value of the cue and its reward probability (high/low) as a surrogate for the acquired value. Each picture was paired with a monetary win or loss either congruently or incongruently. Behavioral results from 32 human participants indicated both faster response time and faster learning rate for value-congruent cue–outcome pairings. Model-based fMRI analysis revealed a fractionation of reinforcement learning (RL) signals in the ventral striatum, including a strong and novel correlation between the cue-specific decaying learning rate and BOLD activity in the ventral caudate. Additionally, we detected a functional link between neural signals of both learning rate and reward prediction error in the ventral striatum, and the signal of expected value in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, showing a novel confirmation of the mathematical RL model via functional connectivity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Most real-world decisions require the integration of inherent value and sensitivity to outcomes to facilitate adaptive learning. Inherent value is drawing increasing interest from decision scientists because it influences decisions in contexts ranging from advertising to investing. This study provides novel insight into how inherent value influences the acquisition of new expected value during associative learning. Specifically, we find that the congruence between the inherent value and the acquired reward influences the neural coding of learning rate. We also show for the first time that neuroimaging signals coding the learning rate, prediction error, and acquired value follow the multiplicative Rescorla–Wagner learning rule, a finding predicted by reinforcement learning theory.
On the acquisition of negation in Tamil and English

The facts of negation acquisition in Tamil do not appear to differ from acquisition of negation in English despite claims made to the contrary in a recent article by Vaidyanathan (1991). The purpose of this brief note is to draw attention to an apparent misunderstanding in this article of the results I had reported for children learning American English (Bloom, 1970). The focus of my study was explicitly on the acquisition of SENTENCE negation in the period in which children begin to acquire the syntax of simple sentences. The developmental sequence of the three meaning categories I identified, nonexistence > rejection > denial, was true for sentences. At the same time that the children whom I studied were producing their first sentences with the meaning nonexistence, they were using the single word no much more frequently to mean rejection. This is clear from the summary figure comparing frequencies of single-word and sentence negation in Bloom (1970: 187). I suggested: 'One reasonable explanation for early attention to syntactic expression of nonexistence before rejection was the adequacy of "no" as a single-word utterance. "no" worked in expressing rejection' (219). Subsequent research confirmed what one would expect from these results: in the period of single-word speech before simple sentences appear, younger children learn no to mean rejection primarily (Belkin, 1975; Pea, 1980, 1982). The three children whom I studied were 1 ;y and just beginning to combine words when the study of sentence negation began. Vaidyanathan began with two children learning Tamil when they were and reports: 'In both the children veendaam [meaning rejection or pro-hibition] in isolation when they first started using it and only later was it used with nouns as well as with verb infinitives' Furthermore, the first stage in the development of negation by these children is characterized as the use of 'negative free forms like veendaam reject, and non-negative
Effects of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta1-selective blocker, on electrical storm refractory to class III antiarrhythmic drugs.

BACKGROUND Occasionally it is difficult to inhibit electrical storm (ES) with standard pharmacological treatment. In the present study the effect of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta(1)-selective blocker, on ES refractory to class III antiarrhythmic drugs was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS The study group comprised 42 consecutive patients who developed ES for which intravenous class III antiarrhythmic drugs, such as amiodarone and nifekalant, were ineffective. Landiolol was administered intravenously with an initial dose of 2.5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), which was doubled if it was ineffective, up to a maximum dose of 80 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). Landiolol inhibited ES in 33 patients (79%) at a mean dose of 7.5+/-12.2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). All patients in whom landiolol was ineffective died of arrhythmia. Of the 33 patients in whom landiolol was effective, 25 survived and were discharged (60% of all patients). Landiolol significantly decreased heart rate (P<0.0001), but did not affect blood pressure. Landiolol was not discontinued for adverse effects in any of the responders. Age, APACHE II score, and pH of arterial blood gas differed significantly between the responders and nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS Landiolol is useful as a life-saving drug for class III antiarrhythmic drug-resistant ES. The main mechanism of ES refractory to class III antiarrhythmic drugs could be abnormal automaticity but not reentry.
Knowledge about Tuberculosis: A Precursor to Effective TB Control—Findings from a Follow-Up National KAP Study on Tuberculosis among Nigerians

Tuberculosis (TB) constitutes a significant and major public health emergency globally. Nigeria is one of the 22 high burden Tuberculosis countries. A high level of community awareness and positive perception towards TB and its management is crucial for the success of any control strategy. A national baseline survey was conducted in 2008 and a follow-up study in 2012 to measure knowledge of TB among the general population. This study therefore evaluated the knowledge of the target population about Tuberculosis in the follow-up study. A cross-sectional study design was employed with a total of 3,021 respondents interviewed from six states selected randomly from each of the six geopolitical zones in the country. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were adopted. From the findings, about 60% of the respondents were aged between 21 and 40 years and more than half had secondary school education. Over 80% had ever heard about TB. Although there has been a significant improvement in correct knowledge of the cause of TB from baseline (19%) in 2008 to 26.5% in 2012 (p < 0.001), findings showed that prioritized interventions are needed to improve communication and information dissemination on Tuberculosis to the general public, to aid TB control and all prevention efforts.
The null generic subject pronoun in Finnish: a case of incorporation in T

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The Karsikko and Cross-Tree Tradition of Finland The Origins, Change and End of the Custom

According to an East -Finnish custom that came to an end around the beginning of the 20th century, the karsikko (conifer shorn of branches) and the cross-tree were prepared when the deceased was taken for burial. The Roman-Catholic Church and the Reformation introduced into folk beliefs the idea that the deceased did not journey all the way to the community of the dead. Restoring the social order of the community that had been disturbed by death then required that the dead be placed in the intermediary stage dictated by the tripartite division of the rite of passage in status. It was also necessary to establish a boundary between the living and the dead as a precaution against the undesired return of the deceased.
The Importance of High-Frequency Amplification for Young Children

In recent years, the utility of providing highfrequency amplification to some hearing-impaired individuals has been questioned. Specifically, in some cases, the provision of gain in the high frequencies may fail to improve speech perception or even result in a decrease in performance (Skinner 1980; Murray and Byrne 1986; Rankovic 1991; Ching, Dillon and Byrne 1998; Hogan and Turner 1998; Turner and Cummings 1999). The results of these studies have important implications for clinical practice. If highfrequency amplification cannot improve speech perception, then attempts to provide gain in this frequency region may not be necessary or desirable under certain circumstances. Although the studies cited above were conducted only with adults, these findings often have been generalized to include the provision of amplification to infants and young children. The goal of this paper is to review the relevant studies in terms of their applicability to children and to present recent data from two studies conducted with hearing-impaired children.
Bacillus thuringiensis – Based Biopesticides Against Agricultural Pests in Latin America

Twenty years after its discovery, the first attempts to use the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to control pests were made in Europe. Due to the successes achieved in some laboratory trials, commercial production of this pathogen began in France, where commercial formulations entered the market in 1938 as the product Sporeine. In the U.S., the use of this pathogen increased after 1950, mainly for the control of lepidopteran pests, resulting in the production of a formulation called Thuricide (Beegle & Yamamoto, 1992; Peferoen & Lambert, 1992; Lord, 2005).