Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Digital Replantation versus Revision Amputation

Abstract Background Earlier, digit viability judged the success of digital replantation. Now, utility health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures can better assess the impact of digital replantation. Methods Overall, 264 digital injury patients were sent a regimen of utility measures: Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions, visual analog scale (VAS), time trade-off (TTO), and standard gamble (SG). Overall, 51 patients responded completely to all of these—36 replantation patients and 15 revision amputation patients. The utility results of these patients were stratified between replantation versus revision amputation; dominant hand replantation versus nondominant hand replantation; and dominant hand revision amputation versus nondominant hand revision amputation. Results The mean VAS score of replant (0.84) and revision amputation (0.75) groups was significantly different (p = 0.05). The mean DASH score of dominant hand replantations (29.72) and nondominant hand replantations (17.97) was significantly different (p = 0.027). The dominant hand revision amputation had higher anxiety levels in comparison to nondominant hand revision amputation (p = 0.027). Patients with two or more digits replanted showed a significant decrease in VAS, TTO, and SG scores in comparison to patients who only had one digit replanted (p = 0.009, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions This study suggests that HRQOL can offer better indices for outcomes of digital replantation. This shows some specific replantation cohorts have a significantly better quality of life when compared with their specific correlating revision amputation cohort. These findings can be employed to further refine indications and contraindications to replantation and help predict the quality of life outcomes.
The Transformation of Wall Street: A History of the Securities and Exchange Commission and Modern Corporate Finance

The Transformation of Wall Street is a comprehensive and insightful historical analysis of the Securities andamp; Exchange Commission from the perspective of a leader in securities regulation. The Transformation of Wall Street offers an in-depth look at the history of the SEC's origins, accomplishments, and failings since its creation in 1934. Each chapter in the book takes historical look at the tenure of the various SEC chairmen. The first edition, published in 1977, covered the SEC through the Nixon-Ford presidential administration. A revised edition was published in 1995, updating the book through 1992. Now, the third edition continues the history until 2001, the end of Arthur Levitt's Chairmanship, with a treatment of auditing issues through the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (July 2002). In this revised edition, author Joel Seligman draws on unpublished SEC files and extensive personal interviews to provide a comprehensive examination of the origins, accomplishments, and failings of the SEC and its leaders, from the creation of the SEC in 1934 to the present. The new material, among other things, addresses: The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, which has had a significant impact on private securities litigation after its passage in 1995 The structure of the securities markets (which are in an important transition because of Electronic Communications Networks; decimalization; international competition; and the continuing evolution to greater institutionalization of our markets as well as the growth of several new products, most recently security futures products) Municipal securities markets (which were largely ignored before the recently resigned Arthur Levitt) Several issues with respect to the accounting profession (most notably auditor independence and the independence of accounting standard-setting boards). In addition, this work focuses on Chairman Levitt, whom the author believes was one of the most accomplished of the post World War II chairs, and had the challenge of being a Chair appointed by a Democratic party president during a period when Republicans controlled both houses of Congress as well as a period of extraordinary ferment in the securities market.
Cooperating with a palliative home-care team: expectations and evaluations of GPs and district nurses

Background: Palliative home-care teams often cooperate with general practitioners (GPs) and district nurses. Our aim was to evaluate a palliative home-care team from the viewpoint of GPs and district nurses. Methods: GPs and district nurses received questionnaires at the start of home-care and one month later. Questions focussed on benefits to patients, training issues for professionals and cooperation between the home-care team and the GP/ district nurse. A combination of closed-and open-ended questions was used. Results: Response rate was 84% (467/553). Benefits to patients were experienced by 91%, mainly due to improvement in symptom management, ‘security’, and accessibility of specialists in palliative care. After one month, 57% of the participants reported to have learnt aspects of palliative care, primarily symptom control, and 89% of them found cooperation satisfactory. Dissatisfaction was caused mainly by lack of information from the home-care team to primary-care professionals. Conclusion: GPs and district nurses welcomed the palliative home-care team and most experienced benefits to patients. Strengthened communication initiated by the home-care team would enhance cooperation.
Bridging the Gap Between Tools for Learning and for Doing Statistics

Computers have changed the way we think about data and data analysis. While statistical programming tools have attempted to keep pace with these developments, there is room for improvement in interactivity, randomization methods, and reproducible research.In addition, as in many disciplines, statistical novices tend to have a reduced experience of the true practice. This dissertation discusses the gap between tools for teaching statistics (like TinkerPlots, Fathom, and web applets) and tools for doing statistics (like SAS, SPSS, or R). We posit this gap should not exist, and provide some suggestions for bridging it. Methods for this bridge can be curricular or technological, although this work focuses primarily on the technological.We provide a list of attributes for a modern data analysis tool to support novices through the entire learning-to-doing trajectory. These attributes include easy entry for novice users, data as a first-order persistent object, support for a cycle of exploratory and confirmatory analysis, flexible plot creation, support for randomization throughout, interactivity at every level, inherent visual documentation, simple support for narrative, publishing, and reproducibility, and flexibility to build extensions.While this ideal data analysis tool is still a few years in the future, we describe several projects attempting to close the gap between tools for learning and tools for doing statistics. One is curricular, a high school level Introduction to Data Science curriculum. Others are technological, like the experimental LivelyR interface for interactive analysis, the MobilizeSimple R package, and Shiny microworlds.Much of this work was inspired by Biehler (1997), which describes the attributes necessary for a software package for learning statistics. Biehler’s vision has largely come to light, but advancements in computing and ‘data science’ have moved the goalposts, and there is more to learning statistics than before. This work envisions a tool not only encompassing these advancements, but providing an extensible system capable of growing with the times.
An ERP study on hostile attribution bias in aggressive and nonaggressive individuals

Hostile attribution bias (e.g., tendency to interpret the intention of others as hostile in ambiguous social contexts) has been associated with impulsive aggression in adults, but the results are mixed and the complete sequence of hostile inferential processes leading to aggression has not been investigated yet. The goal of this event-related brain potentials (ERPs) study was to track the neural activity associated with the violation of expectations about hostile versus nonhostile intentions in aggressive and nonaggressive individuals and examine how this neural activity relates to self-reported hostile attributional bias and impulsive aggression in real life. To this end, scenarios with a hostile versus nonhostile social context followed by a character's ambiguous aversive behavior were presented to readers, and ERPs to critical words that specified the hostile versus nonhostile intent behind the behavior were analysed. Thirty-seven aggressive and fifty nonaggressive individuals participated in the study. The presentation of a critical word that violated hostile expectation caused an N400 response that was significantly larger in aggressive than nonaggressive individuals. Results also showed an enhanced late positive potential-like component in aggressive individuals when hostile intention scenarios took place in a nonhostile context, which is associated with impulsive aggression in real life even after having controlled for the effect of self-reported hostile attributional bias. The Hostile Expectancy Violation paradigm evaluated in this study represents a promising tool to investigate the relationship between the online processing of hostile intent in others and impulsive aggression. Aggr. Behav. 43:217-229, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Only Sustainable Edge: Why Business Strategy Depends On Productive Friction And Dynamic Specialization

Offshoring and outsourcing have generated substantial savings and often controversial news coverage for many companies. But these technologies aren't even close to being the real story. Two of business' leading strategy thinkers argue that the only sustainable advantage will come not from using technology to cut costs - but to get better faster than rivals. The authors identity two key forces - dynamic specialisation and productive friction that will dramatically reshape the competitive landscape and show what firms must do to understand, build and exploit these forces before their competitors do.
Triethylenetetramine and Metabolites: Levels in Relation to Copper and Zinc Excretion in Urine of Healthy Volunteers and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Triethylenetetramine (TETA), a selective CuII-chelator used in the treatment of Wilson's disease, is now undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of heart failure in diabetes. Despite decades of clinical use, knowledge of its pharmacology in human subjects remains incomplete. Here, we first used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect and identify major metabolites of TETA in human plasma and urine, and then used this method to measure concentrations of TETA and its metabolites in the urine of healthy and diabetic subjects who were administered increasing doses (300, 600, 1200, and 2400 mg) of TETA orally. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were performed before and after dosing participants. Two major metabolites of TETA were detected in human urine, N1-acetyltriethylenetetramine (MAT) and N1,N10-diacetyltriethylenetetramine, the latter being novel. Both metabolites were verified with synthetic standards by LC-MS. The proportion of unchanged TETA excreted as a fraction of total urinary drug-derived molecules was significantly higher in healthy than in matched diabetic subjects, consistent with a higher rate of TETA metabolism in the latter. TETA-evoked increases in urinary Cu excretion in nondiabetic subjects were more closely correlated with parent drug concentrations than in diabetic subjects, whereas, by contrast, urinary Cu was more closely associated with the sum of TETA and MAT. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that MAT could play a significant role in the molecular mechanism by which TETA extracts CuII from the systemic compartment in diabetic subjects.
Hepatitis C virus and HIV co-infection in people with severe mental illness and substance use disorders

Objectives:The 5–7% of adults in the United States with severe mental illness (SMI), especially the 50% who are ‘dually diagnosed’ with co-occurring substance use disorders (SUD), are at an elevated risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, little is known about HIV/HCV co-infection in this population. This paper examines the prevalence and correlates of HIV, hepatitis C, and HIV/HCV co-infection in a large, multisite sample of SMI clients. Design:We conducted a re-analysis of data on prevalence and correlates of blood-borne infections in a multisite sample of SMI clients. Methods:In 1997–1998, 755 SMI clients were tested for HIV, hepatitis B virus and HCV, and assessed for demographic, illness-related and other behavioral risk factors for blood-borne infections. The prevalence and correlates of co-infection were examined, as well as the knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviors of individuals with HCV mono-infection. Results:Of the 755 participants, 623 (82.5%) were negative for both HIV and HCV, 23 (3.0%) were positive for HIV, 109 (14.4%) were positive for HCV, and 13 (1.7%) were co-infected with HIV and HCV. Overall, 2.5% of dually diagnosed participants were co-infected, whereas only 0.6% of SMI participants without a comorbid SUD diagnosis were co-infected. Co-infection was associated with psychiatric illness severity, ongoing drug abuse, poverty, homelessness, incarceration, urban residence and minority status. HCV-mono-infected clients continued to engage in high levels of risk behavior for HIV. Conclusion:In addition to efforts to identify and treat SMI patients with HIV/HCV co-infection, HCV-mono-infected clients should be targeted for prevention interventions.
Negotiating Weights for Burden Sharing Rules Among Heterogeneous Parties: Empirical Evidence from a Survey Among Delegates in International Climate Negotiations

Given the vital and controversial debate on fairness concerns in international climate negotiations, the acceptance of a climate treaty may be fostered if the distribution of costs and benefits from global environmental protection is perceived to be “fair”. Since an agreement must be acceptable to all negotiating countries, it is likely that no single burden sharing concept will gain unconditional support from all parties. We have conducted a world-wide survey among participants in international climate negotiations to address the question whether negotiating weights for different fairness concepts may enlarge the bargaining space among heterogeneous agents and overcome the currently dominating self-interested use of fairness claims. Even though our empirical results confirm different positions on burden sharing among key regions, there is evidence that a broad majority favors allocations that are based on a variety of fairness rules. Turning the debate rather towards justice claims based on needs than towards culpability may serve as a fruitful starting point to depart from a purely egoistic use of equity rules in international climate negotiations.
Sitting ducks: banks, mortgage lending, and the Great Depression in the Chicago area, 1923-1933

What are the main causes of bank failure? This thesis contributes to answering this question by focusing on the city of Chicago during the Great Depression, which experienced one of the country’s highest urban bank failure rates. Focusing on the long-term evolution of state banks’ balance sheets, it finds that what greatly mattered for their survival was the inherent liquidity of their pre-Depression portfolios. Indeed, all banks, including survivors, suffered tremendous deposit withdrawals. Yet those that ended up failing could be identified as weak ex ante. Such weaknesses were linked to the inherent liquidity of their portfolios: the higher their amount of long-term illiquid assets (in particular, mortgages) before the Depression started, the more likely they were to fail ex post. The first paper identifies mortgage holdings as the most important predictor of bank failure, and explains how their intrinsic lack of liquidity came to matter more than their low quality. The second paper zooms in on mortgage contracts themselves, and finds that debt dilution due to the “second mortgage system” led to a lower probability of repayment. Nevertheless, this second paper shows that increased default rates affected banks only insofar as foreclosure was a long drawn-out process that lasted more than eighteen months in Illinois – a great impediment to bank survival in case of a liquidity crisis. The third paper asks whether mortgage securitization would have solved the liquidity issue, and uncovers the extent of actual securitization taking place at the time in Chicago. However unbinding commitments and the lack of a regulated exchange created inefficiencies not unlike those of today. Together these results reassert banks’ responsibility in liquidity risk management. While credit risk continues to be an essential feature of banking, and has been recognized as such, renewed attention needs to be paid to the ways in which banks manage the inherent liquidity of their portfolios.
Applying Social Network Analysis Techniques to Community-Driven Libre Software Projects

Source code management repositories of large, long-lived libre (free, open source) software projects can be a source of valuable data about the organizational structure, evolution, and knowledge exchange in the corresponding development communities. Unfortunately, the sheer volume of the available information renders it almost unusable without applying methodologies which highlight the relevant information for a given aspect of the project. Such methodology is proposed in this article, based on well known concepts from the social networks analysis field, which can be used to study the relationships among developers and how they collaborate in different parts of a project. It is also applied to data mined from some well known projects (Apache, GNOME, and KDE), focusing on the characterization of their collaboration network architecture. These cases help to understand the potentials of the methodology and how it is applied, but also shows some relevant results which open new paths in the understanding of the informal organization of libre software development communities.
SCF-FBXO31 E3 Ligase Targets DNA Replication Factor Cdt1 for Proteolysis in the G2 Phase of Cell Cycle to Prevent Re-replication*

Background: SCF E3 ligases regulate degradation of proteins involved in many processes including cell cycle progression and DNA repair. Results: SCF-FBXO31 interacts with and regulates the degradation of Cdt1 in G2 phase. Conclusion: FBXO31 regulates Cdt1 proteolysis during the G2 phase to prevent re-replication. Significance: SCF-FBXO31 regulation of Cdt1 is a novel pathway involved in the precise regulation of DNA replication. FBXO31 was originally identified as a putative tumor suppressor gene in breast, ovarian, hepatocellular, and prostate cancers. By screening a set of cell cycle-regulated proteins as potential FBXO31 interaction partners, we have now identified Cdt1 as a novel substrate. Cdt1 DNA replication licensing factor is part of the pre-replication complex and essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. We show that FBXO31 specifically interacts with Cdt1 and regulates its abundance by ubiquitylation leading to subsequent degradation. We also show that Cdt1 regulation by FBXO31 is limited to the G2 phase of the cell cycle and is independent of the pathways previously described for Cdt1 proteolysis in S and G2 phase. FBXO31 targeting of Cdt1 is mediated through the N terminus of Cdt1, a region previously shown to be responsible for its cell cycle regulation. Finally, we show that Cdt1 stabilization due to FBXO31 depletion results in re-replication. Our data present an additional pathway that contributes to the FBXO31 function as a tumor suppressor.
Impact of Organized Retailing on the Unorganized Sector

The retail business, in India, is estimated to grow at 13 per cent per annum from US$ 322 billion in 2006-07 to US$ 590 billion in 2011-12. The unorganized retail sector is expected to grow at about 10 per cent per annum from US$ 309 billion 2006-07 to US$ 496 billion in 2011-12. Organized retail which now constitutes a small four per cent of retail sector in 2006-07 is likely to grow at 45-50 per cent per annum and quadruple its share of total retail trade to 16 per cent by 2011-12. The study, which was based on the largest ever survey of all segments of the economy that could be affected by the entry of large corporates in the retail business, has found that unorganized retailers in the vicinity of organized retailers experienced a decline in sales and profit in the initial years of the entry of organized retailers. The adverse impact, however, weakens over time. The study has indicated how consumers and farmers benefit from organized retailers. The study has also examined the impact on intermediaries and manufacturers. The results are indicative of the mega-and-minimetro cities around a limited number of organized retail outlets. Based on the results of the surveys, the study has made a number of specific policy recommendations for regulating the interaction of large retailers with small suppliers and for strengthening the competitive response of the unorganized retailers.
Developing Lexicons in a Continuous Meaning Space

When people are acquiring language, it is not always clear from context which words refer to which objects, and the examples they see for any particular word will not all be the same. Previous approaches to the problem of learning or building a lexicon have characterized it as creating a mapping between a fixed set of words and a fixed set of meanings. This paper describes simulations of lexicon development using an agent-based model in which word-meanings are distributions over a continuous feature space; agents communicate about objects and infer the meanings of words based on the example objects they see. Agents in the model are able to develop a shared lexicon, and the meanings they reach are efficient given what objects tend to be present. Even when the objects are entirely random, the lexicons that develop tend to result in a near-optimal probability of communicative success. If new agents are being introduced into the population, the lexicon will continue to change, and will have periods of stability punctuated by periods of fluctuation.
Epidemiological perspective of domestic and personal hygiene in India

When the application of epidemiology moves from mass phenomenon in a society or community to the specific family or individual level occurrences, new vistas unfold. The classical epidemiological triad, with its multi-mode influences and interactions, becomes modified as a result of several lifestyle factors coming into operation. It is well known that even under severely adverse climatic conditions, microbes are able to survive, and even propagate, if an appropriate micro-climate is encountered. This principle also applies to human beings. Many incidences of disease or ailments, occurrence or absence, can be traced to the home habitat, micro-ecosystem, human behaviour and lifestyles. Hygienic practices are largely a matter of behaviour and usually have biological and social origin. Human behaviour is influenced and determined by social traditions, customs and culture. Furthermore, factors such as health consciousness, practical knowledge of health sciences, motivation and concern for taking steps for promoting health and preventing disease, can change behaviour and make the lifestyle conducive to health. In a village or slum area, families live in more-or-less the same environment. However, in the event of an outbreak of a communicable disease, many escape the attack. While some experience frequent episodes of illness, others continue to live fairly healthily. Obviously, several social and cultural factors and associated human behaviours seem to make the difference between health and disease. This discussion examines the domestic and personal hygiene in its epidemiological perspective.