Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DMP1 and MEPE expression are elevated in osteocytes after mechanical loading in vivo: theoretical role in controlling mineral quality in the perilacunar matrix.

is more complex. We have identified 200 to 500 nucleotide CNS from -20kb of the transcription start site throughout the transcription unit and in the 20kb 3’ flanking region. Therefore, we are building a DMP1 BAC construct that will have all of these CNS and potential enhancer modules of the DMP1 gene driving a GFP reporter. In parallel, we have constructed a database of all transcription factors that bind within the DMP1 CNS and cross-indexed this set of binding sites with osteocyte selective transcription factors, identified in primary mouse osteocytes as well as other classes of transcription factors. We then constructed a small computational model for testing which regions of the DMP1 gene give the gene its osteocyte specificity and what regions are more likely responsible for the mechanical load responses. DMP1 expression, specifically in osteocytes of the mouse ulna, increases 2to 3-fold at 24 hours after a single 2.4N load for 30 seconds at 2 Hz. We constructed a finite element model (FEA) of the mouse ulna and demonstrated a direct statistically significant correlation between DMP1 expression and computed tissue strains. This correlation shows that DMP1 expression in osteocytes is highest in areas of maximal compressive and tensile strains in cortical bone, in both the longitudinal and cross-sectional axes. DMP1 is an early mechanical response gene as its expression is first elevated at 1hour after loading and continues to increase up to 24hours. Using a 3-D model relating the 3-dimensional strain field with DMP1 expression, the gene expression threshold (GEt) for DMP1 is approximately 1500 Istrain, as shown in Figure 1. Using information on the phenotype of the DMP1 knockout mice where DMP1 appears necessary for normal lacunar J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2007; 7(4):313-315
Implementation of SPN21 Curriculum in Brunei Darussalam: A review of selected implications on school assessment reforms

In the past twelve years (1997-2009), Brunei Darussalam has implemented three major educational policies: (1) inclusive education, in 1998; (2) the National Education System for the 21 st Century known in Malay as Sistem Pendidikan Negara Abad 21 or SPN21, 2008; and (3) education for the gifted / talented students, 2009. These changes are partly designed to diversify and broaden the provision of education and the development of the country’s human resources. However the success of these reforms will depend on many factors such as the suitability of the teachers, availability of funds, quality of schools, and changes in examinations. The present qualitative study analyses and reviews selected technical innovations to examinations that need to be undertaken concurrently with the ongoing curriculum reforms to support the new initiatives. The issues discussed include over-emphasis on examinations; assessment of affective skills; assessment of vocational and technical subjects; use of informal assessments in school-based evaluations; moderation of marks for borderline students; the relationship between formative and summative assessments; changes to teacher education courses that deal with school assessments; and nationalization of the senior secondary school examinations. A content analysis of the skills measured by current school examinations and a needs assessment research to reform the present school evaluation procedures were recommended to gain in-depth insights.
High prevalence of HBV infection, detection of subgenotypes F1b, A2, and D4, and differential risk factors among Mexican risk populations with low socioeconomic status

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may be underestimated among high‐risk individuals in regions of low HBs antigenemia. This study aimed to assess HBV serological markers, genotypes, and risk factors in Mexican patients with risk of HBV infection and low socioeconomic status. Demographics, clinical, and risk factor data were collected in patients with HIV (n = 289), HCV (n = 243), deferred blood donors (D‐BD) (n = 83), and two native populations, Mixtecos (n = 57) and Purepechas (n = 44). HBV infection was assessed by HBsAg, anti‐HBc, and HBV‐DNA testing. Overall, patients had low education and very‐low income. Totally, HBsAg prevalence was 16.5% (113/684) ranging from 0.7% (HCV) to 37.3% (D‐BD), while anti‐HBc was 30.2% (207/684). Among 52 sequences, genotypes H (n = 34, 65.4%), G (n = 4, 7.7%), subgenotypes F1b (n = 7, 13.5%), A2 (n = 6, 11.5%), and D4 (n = 1, 1.9%) were detected. Surgeries, sexual promiscuity, and blood transfusions had a differential pattern of distribution. In HCV patients, single (OR = 5.84, 95%Cl 1.91‐17.80, P = 0.002), MSM (OR = 4.80, 95%Cl 0.75‐30.56, P = 0.097), and IDU (OR = 2.93, 95%CI 1.058‐8.09, P = 0.039) were predictors for HBV infection. While IDU (OR = 2.68, 95%CI 1.08‐6.61, P = 0.033) and MSM (OR = 2.64, 95%CI 1.39‐5.04, P = 0.003) were predictors in HIV patients. In this group, MSM was associated with HBsAg positivity (OR = 3.45, 95%CI 1.48‐8.07, P = 0.004) and IDU with anti‐HBc positivity (OR = 5.12, 95%CI 2.05‐12.77, P < 0.001). In conclusion, testing with a combined approach of three different HBV markers, a high prevalence of HBV infection, a differential distribution of HBV genotypes, including subgenotypes F1b, A2, and D4, as well as risk factors in low‐income Mexican risk groups were detected.
Network Embeddedness and Bounded Rationality in Knowledge Partner Selection in Public Research Institutions

An emerging area of research on knowledge sharing and research collaboration addresses researchers’ decision-making regarding whether and with whom they share knowledge resources and collaborate on research. To provide insights into how to leverage knowledge in public research universities, we examined structural and attitudinal mechanisms of tie creation in knowledge networks by mapping and analyzing patterns of knowledge sharing and coproduction among faculty at the same university. In the study we develop exponential random graph models grounded in social capital theories and the notion of bounded nationality in human behavior. Our results reveal that the balance between social glue by mutual obligation (reciprocity) and social bridging exists in these knowledge networks and that faculty research partner selection is affected by the information they have and their limited cognitive capabilities.
18F-FDG PET/CT rarely provides additional information other than primary tumor detection in patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumors

AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) in detection and staging of pulmonary carcinoid tumors. METHODS: A total of 22 patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumors (14 typical, 8 atypical) were reviewed in this retrospective study. PET/CT images of all patients were evaluated for primary tumor as well as metastatic regional lymph nodes, bone and other distant metastases. PET/CT positivity of primary tumors was determined by visual interpretation. Tumor size, SUVmax and Hounsfield Unit (HU) values of the tumors were used to test for differences between tumor groups (typical carcinoids and atypical carcinoids). RESULTS: SUVmax of carcinoids ranged from 1.24 to 11.1 (mean, 5.0; median, 2.67). The mean largest diameter of primary tumors was 2.7 ± 1.3 cm, ranging from 1 to 5.5 cm. The overall sensitivity of FDG PET/CT for detection of pulmonary carcinoid tumors was 81.8%. Tumor size, SUVmax and Hounsfield Unit (HU) values of the atypical carcinoids were higher than those for typical carcinoids. However, the results were not statistically meaningful (P > 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET/CT in the detection of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes metastases were 25% and 83% respectively. One patient had bone metastasis. CONCLUSION: Although FDG PET/CT can be a useful tool for the detection of pulmonary carcinoid tumors and distant metastasis, it cannot discriminate typical carcinoids from atypical ones and absence of an FDG avid lesion cannot exclude pulmonary carcinoid tumors. Moreover, PET/CT is not a reliable tool in the staging of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes especially for those patients with typical carcinoids.
SweDCIS: Radiotherapy after sector resection for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Results of a randomised trial in a population offered mammography screening

We studied the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) after breast sector resection for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The study protocol stipulated radical surgery but microscopically clear margins were not mandatory. We randomised 1 046 operated women to postoperative RT or control between 1987 and 1999. The primary endpoint was ipsilateral local recurrence. Secondary endpoints were contralateral breast cancer, distant metastasis and death. After a median follow-up of 5.2 years (range 0.1–13.8) there were 44 recurrences in the RT group corresponding to a cumulative incidence of 0.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05–0.10). In the control group there were 117 recurrences giving a cumulative incidence of 0.22 (95% CI 0.18–0.26) giving an overall hazard ratio of 0.33 (95% CI 0.24–0.47, p < 0.0001). Twenty two percent of the patients had microscopically unknown or involved margins. We found no evidence for different effects of RT on the relative risk of invasive or in situ recurrence. Secondary endpoints did not differ. Women undergoing sector resection for DCIS under conditions of population based screening mammography benefit from postoperative RT to the breast. Seven patients needed RT-treatment to prevent one recurrence.
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF HYOID BONE

Assessment of human sex from skeletal remains plays a key role in anthropological and medico-legal studies. The present study was conducted to know the relationship of sex to size of hyoid bone. The study was done on 100 hyoid bones in different age groups obtained from medico-legal autopsies in Guntur Medical College, Guntur. All the studied parameters were greater in males than in females. The multivariant discriminant analysis of the studied seven parameters is helpful to find out the sex of the person with much accuracy.
Treatment of Food Industry Waste by Bench‐Scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket‐Anoxic‐Aerobic System

An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)‐anoxic‐aerobic system was used for treatment of tomato and bean processing wastewater. At various hydraulic retention times, ranging from 0.7 to 5 days, excellent removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia‐nitrogen (NH4‐N), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen was achieved with final effluent BOD/TSS/NH4‐N concentrations of less than 15/15/1 mg/L. Biogas yield in the UASB reactor varied from 0.33 to 0.44 m3/kgCODremoved. The kinetics of anaerobic treatment were investigated. The yield coefficient was 0.03 gVSS/gCOD; maximum specific growth rate was 0.24 day−1; Monod half velocity constant was 135 mgCOD/L; and specific substrate utilization rate was 3.25 gCOD/gVSS · d. Nitrification and denitrification kinetics were studied in batch experiments, and the rates were comparable with those in the continuous flow system.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT KETEPATAN WAKTU PELAPORAN KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this research is to analyze some factors that have an influence to the punctuality of financial reporting of manufacturing companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Some factors which are tested in this research are firm size, firm age, and public ownership structure, DER, ROA, CR, and auditor reputation as independent variable whereas punctuality of financial reporting as dependent variable. The result of the research proves that only firm size and public ownership structure variables which have influence to the punctuality of financial reporting whereas firm age, DER, ROA, CR variables and auditor reputation do not have any influence to the punctuality of financial reporting. Keywords: punctuality of financial reporting, firm age, DER, ROA, CR.
An investigation into corporate social responsibility disclosure in the Libyan oil and gas industry using a mixed-methods design : an institutional perspective

Given the growing interest in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD), especially in developing countries, this thesis adopts neo-institutional theory to investigate the extent and types of CSRD practices and factors influencing its adoption in oil and gas companies operating in Libya. Two methods of data collection were used: namely, semi-structured interviews and annual reports. The semi-structured interviews were conducted first with 14 oil and gas firms’ managers working in Libya, to identify the factors influencing CSRD adoption, and second with 6 external actors to confirm or reject such claims. The second method involved a collection of 106 annual reports for the period 2009-2013, to first identify the extent and types of CSRD practices, and second to proceed with a regression test to assess the relationship between CSRD determinants and the extent of CSRD practices. The findings from the qualitative analysis show that managers perceive a diversity of coercive, mimetic and normative pressures interplay to influence CSRD in the Libyan context. Particularly, the adoption of CSRD is influenced by the state through its governance body - the National Oil Corporation (NOC), foreign business partners, other foreign-owned companies’ behaviour, the need to uphold firms’ reputation, and pressures to meet societal expectations. Other determinants identified include government ownership, parent company factors, board size, board meeting, firm size, age, presence of CSR committee, and profitability. Furthermore, the absence of clear legal requirements, a shortage of knowledge and awareness, the absence of civil society organisations, the absence of the Environmental General Authority’s (EGA) role, and a lack of motivation from the government were found to act as major impediments to CSRD development. The findings obtained from the quantitative analysis show that the level of CSRD is low when compared with Western countries, but in relative terms, the most disclosed types of CSR information were related to the human resources and environment. Moreover, the findings obtained from the CSRD regression model suggest that CSRD practice is positively associated with government ownership, joint venture ownership, foreign ownership, frequency of board meetings, parent company factor, and firm size. However, CSRD has no statistically significant relationship with board size, CSR committee, and age of the company, while profitability is negatively associated with CSRD practices. These results contribute towards the literature adding to the knowledge of CSRD practices’ “implementation”, by empirically providing evidence for the context of CSRD in Libya. This is achieved by explaining how specific external and internal determinants contribute to or impede the development of CSRD practices. These findings, therefore, could be useful to corporate regulators and policy makers in developing a more focussed agenda of CSRD activity, when considering regulations for disclosure.
Integrating Marketing Communications: New Findings, New Lessons, and New Ideas

With the challenges presented by new media, shifting media patterns, and divided consumer attention, the optimal integration of marketing communications takes on increasing importance. Drawing on a review of relevant academic research and guided by managerial priorities, the authors offer insights and advice as to how traditional and new media such as search, display, mobile, TV, and social media interact to affect consumer decision making. With an enhanced understanding of the consumer decision journey and how consumers process communications, the authors outline a comprehensive framework featuring two models designed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of integrated marketing communication programs: a “bottom-up” communications matching model and a “top-down” communications optimization model. The authors conclude by suggesting important future research priorities.
STUDIES IN SENSATION: OBSERVATIONS ON THE LOCALIZATION OF THE SENSATIONS OF TOUCH AND PRICK

The sensory experience commonly referred to as a prick is of great interest, not because of its intrinsic importance, but because of the information about sensory mechanisms which can be obtained from its study. In this paper observations on the ability to localize the sensation of prick are reported and compared with the power of touch localization. The elicitation of the sensation of prick by means of mechanical stimulation with a needle has the disadvantage that the needle must first make contact with the skin, so that a sensation of touch may confuse observation of the prick. Bishop (1943) devised a means of stimulating the skin by an electric spark; he showed that stimulation at certain points gave rise to a sensation of touch while at other points on the skin a prick was felt. Repetitive stimulation of a "touch spot" gave rise to a sensation of pressure, whereas repeated stimulation of a " prick spot" caused pain. This method of stimulation of discrete spots by an electric spark has been employed in the present study. Elithorn, Piercy, and Crosskey (1952) studied the ability of patients to localize a touch stimulus applied to the fingers before and after the operation of leucotomy. They showed that before operation localization of touch follows a conceptual pattern of the hand in which all points on the skin are not equipotential. Errors are not made and referred at random but in accordance with this conceptual pattern. The observations which are reported here on the power to localize the sensations of touch and prick will be discussed in the light of the findings of Elithorn and others.
Determinants of Food Security in Farm Household in Drought Prone Area of Oromia Region: In Case of Dodota District

This study analyzed the determinants of major determinants of food security in farm household in drought prone area of Oromia Region taking evidence from rural kebele of Doddota wereda. In order to achieve these objectives demographic and socio-economic data were collected from 200 randomly selected households in Dodota District of Arsi Zone Oromia Regional State. The sample households were classified into food secure and food insecure groups based on estimated food expenditure value of meeting Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of 2200 kcal.The summary was made using STATA 11 software. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. The descriptive analysis of the study revealed that only 23% of the sample households were food secured and about 77% are food insecure. Binary logistic regression model has been employed to identify the major determinants of Food security.Therefore, policy needs to focus on supporting households in delivering services in the area of the determinants of household food security in the study area. Specially, focus should be given to the significant variables which determinate the food security in farm households of the study area. Keywords: Determinants of food security, binary logit. Oromia, Doddota.
Maternal experience influences the establishment of visual/auditory, but not olfactory recognition of the newborn lamb by ewes at parturition.

Maternal behavior in sheep is characterized by the rapid establishment of individual recognition of the lamb through the use of different sensory modalities. Olfactory recognition mediates acceptance at suckling whereas visual/auditory cues are involved in recognition from a distance. This study investigates (a) the timing of both types of recognition and (b) whether they can be influenced by maternal experience. Olfactory recognition was assessed at lambing, 30 min, 1, 2, or 4 hr postpartum by presenting successively an alien and the familiar lamb. Recognition at a distance was assessed at 6, 8, and 12 hr postpartum by using a two-choice test between the familiar and an alien lamb. A majority (33/51) of ewes showed selectivity at suckling as early as 30 min after parturition, and no differences due to maternal experience were observed. By contrast, in the two-choice recognition test, multiparous ewes showed a preference for their familiar lamb at 6 hr whereas primiparous mothers did so only after 24 hr of mother-young contact: The performance of biparous mothers was intermediate. Thus, both types of recognition can be rapidly established after parturition, and maternal experience has a differential effect on the dynamics of these learning processes.
Clinical predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder after closed head injury in children.

OBJECTIVE To describe injury, demographic, and neuropsychiatric characteristics of children who develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after closed head injury (CHI). METHOD Ninety-five children with severe CHI and amnesia for the event were prospectively followed for 1 year. Structured interviews were administered twice to the parents: shortly after injury to cover the child's premorbid status, and 1 year after injury. The child was also interviewed twice: shortly after injury to cover current status, and 1 year after injury. Outcome measures were diagnostic status (PTSD by parent or child) and symptom severity (PTSS by parent or child). RESULTS Twelve children developed PTSD by 1 year after injury, 5 according to parent report, 5 according to child report, and 2 according to both parent and child report. Predictors of PTSD at 1 year post-CHI included female gender and early post-CHI anxiety symptoms. Predictors of PTSS at 1 year post-CHI were (1) premorbid psychosocial adversity, premorbid anxiety symptoms, and injury severity; and (2) early post-CHI depression symptoms and nonanxiety psychiatric diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS PTSD developed in 13% of children with severe CHI accompanied by traumatic amnesia. Predictors of PTSD and PTSS after CHI, according to parent and child report, are consistent with predictors of PTSD and PTSS that develop after non-head injury trauma.