Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and its Vaccine Among Female Undergraduates in Awka, South Eastern Nigeria

1Department of Microbiology, Godfrey Okoye University, Thinker’s corner, Emene, Enugu, NIGERIA. 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, NIGERIA. 3Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, NIGERIA. 4Department of Microbiology, Paul University, Awka, NIGERIA. 5Department of Microbiology, Renaissance University, Enugu, NIGERIA. 6Department of Microbiology, Novena University, Delta State, NIGERIA.
Managerial Behavior in M&A: The Role of Executive Compensation, Board Demographics and the M&A Advisor

3 Table of contents . 4 1: Introduction . 6 2: Literature review and hypotheses . 10 2.1 Bidder announcement returns . 10 2.2 What induces managers to make acquisitions? 13 2.3 Cost of the acquisitions . 14 2.4 What makes the firm choose a top-tier advisor? 15 3: Data and methodology . 17 3.1 Data . 17 3.2 Methodology . 19 4: Results . 23 4.1 Descriptive statistics and correlations . 23 4.2 Bidder announcement returns . 25 4.3 What induces managers to make acquisitions? 27 4.4 Cost of the acquisitions . 29 4.5 What makes the firm choose a top-tier advisor? 31 5: Conclusions . 33 References . 36
Emotional Intelligence: A Psychometric Analysis

The paper describes the construction and the construct validation of an extensive test battery for use in the selection process in business and business education. It is based on notions of social competence and emotional intelligence (EI) in broad senses of the terms. Participants were 226 persons who had applied for admittance to the undergraduate program of the Stockholm School of Economics. Many indices were constructed on the basis of their test responses. In a second-order factor analysis, four factors were identified: mental stability, emotional intelligence proper, dominance (including creativity and mental energy), and compulsiveness. These factors were related to emotional skills and to standard personality scales (Big Five, MPI, and Myers-Briggs scales), as well as to scales measuring risk-taking attitudes and variables measuring response styles. It was found that the secondary factors were less subjected to self-presentation bias than the Big Five scales, and that they were about equal to the .
Advances in the action plan for Emys orbicularis in the Valencia region, Spain

Significant advances in the knowledge of the distribution of Emys orbicularis and on its conservation and management have been achieved by the implementation of an Action Plan. A recent survey has confirmed the presence of E. orbicularis for 8 out of 16 originally known sites. After this survey, conservation measures for the remaining populations have been focused on habitat protection. This has been realized through a network of local nature parks, protected wetlands, and NATURA 2000 sites. Complementary measures are a programme for controlling the expansion of Trachemys scripta, the purchase of endangered wetlands (Marjal de Peniscola, Marjal y Estanys de Almenara), the creation of a sanctuary (Marjal dels Moros) for E. orbicularis, and an environmental education programme dealing with the need of protection for native chelonians.
Costs and Losses Imposed on California Ranchers by Yellow Starthistle

Abstract While the significant ecosystem damage caused by invasive weeds has been well documented, the economic consequences of specific invasive weed species are poorly understood. Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L., hereafter YST) is the most widespread noncrop weed in California, resulting in serious damage to forage on natural range and improved pasture. A survey was administered to California cattle ranchers to investigate YST infestation rates, loss of forage quantity and value, and control or eradication efforts. The results were used to estimate countywide losses and costs for 3 focus counties, as well as statewide losses/costs, due to YST in California. Total losses of livestock forage value due to YST on private land for the state of California are estimated at $7.65 million per year, with ranchers' out-of-pocket expenditures on YST control amounting to $9.45 million per year. Together, these amount to the equivalent of 6%–7% of the total annual harvested pasture value for the state. Therefore, while the impacts are relatively small within the statewide total agricultural production system, losses and costs due to YST infestation do constrain California's livestock grazing sector.
Common Risk Factors in Equity Markets

Empirical measures of world consumption growth risk have failed to rationalize the cross-section of country equity returns. We propose a new factor, termed “the global consumption factor”, to explain the patterns in risk premiums on international equity markets. We identify this factor as the difference between the return on a portfolio of equity market indices with high consumption growth rates and the return on a portfolio of equity market indices with low consumption growth rates. We show that the global consumption factor accounts for about 70% of the cross- sectional variation in equity returns from 47 developed and emerging market countries over a four-decade period. Our risk factor reflects changes in the cross-country consumption dispersion and commands a significant premium to compensate investors for taking on common macroeconomic risks. Empirically, we find that high consumption growth economies have considerably higher consumption dispersion risk than low consumption growth economies, and this can explain their higher average returns.
Ownership concentration and firm performance: Evidence from Turkish firms

This paper examines the determinants of ownership concentration and the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance in Turkish firms. The empirical results show that ownership concentration increases with firm size, controlling for total risk and the industry of the firm. The results also suggest that the measure of firm performance is important in analyzing the relationship between firm performance and its ownership structure. A quadratic relationship between the largest shareholder’s concentration and Tobin’s Q is observed in Turkish firms. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the relationships obtained for developed markets cannot be generalized to emerging markets.
An Explicit Test for Capital Structure Convergence

We employ the panel convergence methodology developed by Phillips and Sul (2007) to test for leverage convergence across a set of US firms. There is no convergence detected when the whole sample is tested. However, we detect convergence clubs, i.e. subgroups of convergent firms. There is one big club detected, comprising about 70% of the whole sample, and many small ones. The convergence within the big club and most of the small ones happens in rates, i.e. leverage has the same rate of change across the firms of a club. Firms belonging to the big club are bigger, more profitable, have more tangible assets, fewer growth opportunities and higher payout ratios than the rest of the firms. In addition, they exhibit counter-cyclical leverage over the business cycle, while the rest of the firms’ leverage is not sensitive to changes in macroeconomic conditions. Given that these are distinctive characteristics of financially unconstrained firms, these results imply that firms belonging to the big club are financially unconstrained, while the rest of the firms are financially constrained. Our contribution to the ongoing debate for the existence of convergence among firms’ leverage is twofold: (i) to obtain our results, we do not impose any of the direct or indirect restrictions used in the existing literature and so we avoid all pitfalls associated with them and (ii) we can distinguish constrained from unconstrained firms, without having to employ any of the classification criteria used in the literature.
Comparison of primary aerosol emission and secondary aerosol formation from gasoline direct injection and port fuel injection vehicles

Abstract. Gasoline vehicles significantly contribute to urban particulate matter (PM) pollution. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, known for their higher fuel efficiency than that of port fuel injection (PFI) engines, have been increasingly employed in new gasoline vehicles. However, the impact of this trend on air quality is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated both primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from a GDI and a PFI vehicle under an urban-like driving condition, using combined approaches involving chassis dynamometer measurements and an environmental chamber simulation. The PFI vehicle emits slightly more volatile organic compounds, e.g., benzene and toluene, whereas the GDI vehicle emits more particulate components, e.g., total PM, elemental carbon, primary organic aerosols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Strikingly, we found a much higher SOA production (by a factor of approximately 2.7) from the exhaust of the GDI vehicle than that of the PFI vehicle under the same conditions. More importantly, the higher SOA production found in the GDI vehicle exhaust occurs concurrently with lower concentrations of traditional SOA precursors, e.g., benzene and toluene, indicating a greater contribution of intermediate volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds in the GDI vehicle exhaust to the SOA formation. Our results highlight the considerable potential contribution of GDI vehicles to urban air pollution in the future.
Diversity Performance of Multiantenna Systems for UMTS Cellular Phones in Different Propagation Environments

We present the evaluation of the diversity performance of several two-antenna systems for UMTS terminals. First, a two-antenna system with poor antenna-to-antenna isolation is described. Then, with the help of a neutralization technique, we introduced an optimized structure with high antenna-to-antenna isolation. The key parameters for an efficient diversity performance are then discussed, some of them being actually dependent on the propagation environment (uniform, indoor, outdoor, and outdoor-to-indoor chosen here). All these parameters, the total efficiency, the envelope correlation coefficient, the mean effective gain, the diversity gain, and the effective diversity gain, are computed with the help of the simulated radiation patterns of both antenna systems. Next, these key parameters are measured in a reverberation chamber to validate the simulations we achieved in the uniform environment. The comparison of the performance of the two prototypes is especially showing the usefulness of using a neutralization technique for enhanced diversity antenna systems.
Physical Activity Level and Obesity Prevalence of Primary and Secondary Students

Abstract This study aimed at examining physical activity level and obesity prevalence of Turkish students at age of 6-12 according to age and gender variables. The study covered 2378 children in total. Researchers used pedometers in order to determine physical activity level of children, and evaluated the pedometer score standards. Body compositions were determined as per Body Mass Index (BMI) and evaluated under BMI standards. Independent t test, one-way analysis of variance test, Tukey HSD test, and Chi-square test were used in this study. In the pedometer step counts, there were differences associated with gender in each age (p<0,001). There was a significant difference in BMI values and the pedometer step counts of boys and girls according to their ages (p<0.001). There was difference in both groups according to age (p<0.001). There were gender-related differences in ages (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively) in standard value of the pedometer step counts and the pedometer step counts. It is considered important for public health to bring body compositions of boys and girls up to normal levels by increasing their physical activity levels.
Multidecadal Covariability of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature, African Dust, Sahel Rainfall, and Atlantic Hurricanes

AbstractMost studies of African dust and North Atlantic climate have been limited to the short time period since the satellite era (1980 onward), precluding the examination of their relationship on longer time scales. Here a new dust dataset with the record extending back to the 1950s is used to show a multidecadal covariability of North Atlantic SST and aerosol, Sahel rainfall, and Atlantic hurricanes. When the North Atlantic Ocean was cold from the late 1960s to the early 1990s, the Sahel received less rainfall and the tropical North Atlantic experienced a high concentration of dust. The opposite was true when the North Atlantic Ocean was warm before the late 1960s and after the early 1990s. This suggests a novel mechanism for North Atlantic SST variability—a positive feedback between North Atlantic SST, African dust, and Sahel rainfall on multidecadal time scales. That is, a warm (cold) North Atlantic Ocean produces a wet (dry) condition in the Sahel and thus leads to low (high) concentration of dust i.
Survey on Chemical Pathology Teaching in Medical Curricula: Insight into Patient Safety

Chemical pathology is a branch of laboratory medicine in which biochemical methods are applied to the study, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diseases. In particular, appropriate utilization of the laboratory investigations and proper interpretation of the results require a thorough knowledge in both the analytical techniques and the clinical-biochemical basis of the diseases. Chemical pathology is a well-recognized specialty. The discipline originated in the late 19th century with the use of simple chemical tests to detect various analytes in blood, urine and other bodily fluids. Subsequently, more sophisticated techniques are applied including the use and measurement of enzyme activities, immunoassays, spectrophotometry, electrophoresis, chromatography, mass spectrometry, and genetic analysis.
Long-run Implications of the Brazilian Capital Stock and Income Estimates *

The present study aims to analyze the empirical as well as theoretical implications related to the possible inconsistencies between the Brazilian capital stock estimate and its associated investment decision. The common practice of using the country’s accumulated (depreciated) fixed capital formation data as a proxy for the capital stock series generates a set of incompatible facts with dynamic models built on balanced growth and on aggregate production functions. Moreover, a related issue on the Brazilian capital income is considered in our analysis. According to the country’s National Accounts, the participation of capital income reaches about half of the aggregate income which is an unusual high share compared to international standards. It is shown that this problem can also be solved using alternative methods that lead to a more suitable capital stock series to be used in recursive equilibrium models. Finally, the long-run impacts of using the proposed capital stock series is studied using a modified basic growth model calibrated to reproduce some Brazilian empirical facts
Boron tolerance in twelve NS wheat cultivars.

High concentrations of micronutrient boron may cause significant yield losses in wheat. One of the consequences of excess boron in wheat is root growth suppression. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of root growth suppression during germination in the presence of different concentrations of boric acid (0-control, normal boron supply, 50 (B 50), 100 (B 100) and 150 (B 150) mg H3BO3/l). Twelve wheat cultivars, developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, were included in the analyses. The cultivars demonstrated significant differences with respect to root growth suppression at boron treatments. The genotypes were separated by hierarchical cluster analysis in two distinct phenotypic groups. The roots of cultivars Nevesinjka, Rapsodija, Milijana, Helena and Sonata are boron tolerant, whereas Kosuta, Partizanka, Simonida, Kantata, Sofija, Balerina and Pesma are sensitive to excess boron.
Italian Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energy Sources

EU Directive 2009/72/CE imposes to the European Countries environmental and energy targets. The Italian goal is to attain a 17% share in electricity production from renewable energy sources (RES) by 2020. To make investment in renewables attractive, market prices must be profitable and the gap between the private and social costs of renewables must be filled using “persuasive” tools. The acceptance of such a burden may be controversial because it results in an increase in prices. It is interesting to estimate the consumer’s willingness to pay (WTP) for green electricity. We based our research on a national survey conducted in November 2007 in Italy. We used a stochastic payment card (SPC) including a “certainty correction” and proposing five degrees of acceptance. An empirical analysis shows that there is a substantial willingness among Italian consumers to partially cover the cost of achieving the RES goal.
The Macroeconomics of Stock Prices in the Medium Term and in the Long Run

In this paper we develop a macro-model of stock prices that predicts that the growth rates in real stock prices and real dividends gravitate towards predictable constants in the long run, but fluctuate on approximately decennial frequencies due to movements in capital's income share. The model can be used to analyse the effects on stock prices of technology shocks, supply shocks, imperfections in the credit markets, change in taxes, and whether stocks are less risky in the long run than in the short run. Using macroeconomic data over 130 years for 22 OECD countries, the data give support for the model.
ARPN Journal of Science and Technology::Evaluation of Some Geo Mechanical Parameters of the Soil Samples from Ganakbari Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Geo mechanical parameters are evaluated here in. The unconfined compressive strength (qu) value ranges from o.38 kg/cm 2 to 1.60 kg/cm 2 and the average value is 1.06 kg/cm 2 . The analyzed soil is ‘medium to stiff’ based on ‘qu ‘. The UCS is closer to the typical strength for kaolinite and illite. The soil is brittle to ductile in nature. The values of cohesion (C) vary from 0.1 kg/cm 2 to 0.6 kg/cm 2 in the Madhupur Clay. The values of the angle of internal friction () vary from 7o to 34o. The values of cohesion decrease with increasing the values of moisture content. The obtained values of ‘’ are closer to the typical values for illite and kaolinite. The shear stress increases linearly with increasing normal stress. The compression index (Cc) varies from 0.16 to 0.20 and the average value is 0.18. The soil samples are medium plastic based on compression index values. The compression index (Cc) increases with increasing the value of void ratios and moisture content. The soil might be normally consolidated to over consolidated in nature. Keyword: Geomechanical parameters, unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, compression index.
The effect of substrates on yield and quality of strawberry fruits cultivated in a heated foil tunnel

The experiment was aimed at comparing the effects of two types of peat-coconut substrates used for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cultivation in the soilless system. The study results demonstrated a direct effect of the substrate on the yield quantity and quality of strawberry fruits. Cultivar ‘Albion’ proved to have the highest yield under conditions of hydroponic cultivation. A higher yield as well as increased contents of extract, sugars, organic acids, polyphenols, and anthocyanins were found in fruits from plants cultivated in the peat-coconut substrate (50:50). A different observation was made for vitamin C content, the highest content of which was determined in fruits of cultivar ‘Polka’ cultivated in the substrate containing 80% of peat and 20% of coconut.
Lateralized Processing of Faces The Role of Features, Configurations, and Familiarity

We investigated the lateralized processing of featural and configural information in face recognition in two divided visual field studies. In Experiment 1, participants matched the identity of a cue face containing either featural (scrambled faces) or configural (blurred faces) information with an intact test face presented subsequently either in the right visual field (RVF) or in the left visual field (LVF). Unilateral presentation was controlled by monitoring eye movements. The results show an advantage of the left hemisphere (LH) over the right hemisphere (RH) for featural processing and a specialization of the RH for configural compared to featural processing. In Experiment 2, we focused on configural processing and its relationship to familiarity. Either learned or novel test faces were presented in the LVF or the RVF. Participants recognized learned faces better when presented in the LVF than in the RVF, suggesting that the RH has an advantage in the recognition of learned faces. Because the recognition of familiar faces relies strongly on configural information (Buttle & Raymond, 2003), we argue that the advantage of the RH over the LH in configural processing is a function of familiarity.
A Stylized Applied Energy-Economy Model for France

Abstract We build, calibrate and simulate a stylized energy-economy model designed to evaluate the magnitude of carbon tax that would allow the French economy to reduce by a factor of four its CO2 emissions at a forty-year horizon. We estimate the substitution possibilities between fossil energy and other factors for households and firms. We build two versions of the model, the first with exogenous technical progress, and the second with an endogenization of the direction of technical progress. We show that if the energy-saving technical progress rate remains at its recent historical value, the magnitude of the carbon tax is quite unrealistic. When the direction of technical progress responds endogenously to economic incentives, CO2 emissions can be reduced by more than that allowed by the substitution possibilities, but not by a factor of four. To achieve this, an additional instrument is needed, namely a subsidy to fossil energy-saving research. The redirection of technical progress, which is a driver of energy transition, comes at a small cost in terms of the overall growth rate of the economy. Keywords: CGE model, Energy, Environment, Carbon tax
Calculation of Expected Sliding Distance of Breakwater Caisson Considering Variability in Wave Direction

In this study, the reliability design method developed by Shimosako and Takahashi in 2000 for the calculation of the expected sliding distance of the caisson of a vertical breakwater is extended to take into account the variability in wave direction. The effects of directional spreading and the variation of deepwater principal wave direction about its design value were found to be minor compared with those of the obliquity of the deepwater design principal wave direction from the shore-normal direction. Reducing the significant wave height at the design site by 6% to correct the effect of wave refraction when using Goda's model was found to be appropriate when the deepwater design principal wave direction was about 20 degrees. When we used the field data in a part of the east coast of Korea, taking the variability in wave direction into account reduced the expected sliding distance to about one third of that calculated without taking the variability in wave direction into account, and the required caisson width was reduced by about 10% at the maximum.