Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHYSICIANS’ APPREHENSIONS IN MANAGING A FEBRILE CHILD

Objectives: Fever in children under the age of 5 years can be a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians and primary care physicians since it is often complicated to recognize the rationale. In this study, we intend to ascertain their understanding, attitudes and misapprehensions concerning fever in children. Methods: This transversal study was conducted from March to August 2014 by adopting a pre-validated questionnaire. The study population comprised of physicians working in different public and private sector hospitals and clinics of Karachi. Descriptive statistics was employed to acquire the response of respondents to questionnaire items. Kruskal-Wallis H test was executed to evaluate the association of gender, position, experience and institution of physicians with their responses. Results: The response rate for filling the questionnaire was 71%. More than 97% considered fever risky for a child, 92.25% considered that neurological disorders, seizures and fatality are problems associated with fever. More than 95% opined that when the fever increases then the possibility of febrile convulsions increases. High fever was considered as a sign of severe bacterial infection by majority (90.14%) of participants. Many (79%) opined that the body temperature of above 38°C must absolutely be treated in spite of the causal pathology. Majority of the physicians recommended physical methods such as baths (90.14%), cold application, (82.39%) and rubbing the body with alcohol (28.87%) to be utilized in reducing fever. Conclusion: The study revealed that there were misapprehensions about fever and its associated problems. This demands the execution of educational intervention employing international guiding principles concerning the appropriate management of the febrile child. Keywords: Fever, Physicians, Febrile child, Pakistan.
Can Mobile Web Surveys Be Taken on Computers? A Discussion on a Multi-Device Survey Design

This paper introduces an approach to designing a multi-device web survey by using a mobile touchscreen layout as base. We present the findings of an experiment in which we provided one half of an online panel with a survey designed for mobile browsers, and the other half with a standard web survey. Both questionnaire versions were accessible via regular as well as mobile browsers. Based on these results, we discuss whether it is feasible to use a survey with a mobile web layout as the main survey instrument for web respondents. For designing a multi-device, multi-browser survey, we suggest two strategies to be investigated further: optimizing the survey layout for each type of device separately, or optimizing a single design that is compatible with all devices.
Discriminación y estigmatización de las personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA: revisión de la literatura

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is a problem that encompasses multiple fields on a personal and social level, influencing both the infected person and the social network he/she develops in. The Stigma appears as a very important problem for those people who live with HIV/AIDS don´t look after treatment, don´t disclose their serostatus and isolate from society, widely deteriorating quality of life. The paper begins with a review of the literature using various databases. In total 43 articles were selected. Health professionals appear as important actors for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), as they provide support and help at several levels (including medical and personal ones), and any stigmatizing attitude expressed by them has a great impact, from there the importance of identifying and correcting any negative aspect even since academic training, through the inclusion of HIV–related content in the curriculum both undergraduate and continuing education.
Comparison of different methods of Helicobacter pylori detection in symptomatic gastroduodenal patients of Karachi.

Helicobacter pylori is a principal cause of chronic gastritis (CG), gastric and duodenal ulcers and a major risk factor for gastric cancer in humans. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence of H. pylori by different detection methods in symptomatic patients of Karachi. A total of 227 biopsy samples were collected from patients having complaints of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), chronic gastritis and/or abdominal discomfort (AD) from three different health providing institutions of Karachi during 20042006 and analyzed for the presence of H. pylori. Comparative evaluation of three different conventional diagnostic techniques with that of a highly specific PCR amplification of ureC gene were carried out and found H. pylori in 62.5%, 64.7%, 68.7% and 59% by PCR, histology, rapid urease test and culture respectively. Out of 227 biopsy samples collected, 120 (52.8%) were H. pylori positive by all methods comprising 62 male patients and 58 female patients. A significant association between H. pylori infection and gastro duodenal diseases was observed. Among 120 H. pylori infected patients 56 were comprised of PUD, 37 with CG, 19 with AD and 8 with Gastric cancer (GCa). The epidemiology of H. pylori infection is also discussed.
A review of assistive technology and writing skills for students with physical and educational disabilities

In recent years effective instruction in reading for learners with physical and educational disabilities has received great attention in the schools. However, instruction in the corollary skill of writing has received considerably less emphasis. This review paper notes that through the use of assistive technology, students with a variety of physical and educational disabilities can learn to effectively (a) plan and organize their writing, (b) draft and transcribe their work, and (c) edit and revise their narrative and expository writing. With teachers increasingly being held accountable for the development of literacy skills in all students, including those students with physical and educational disabilities, schools are paying substantial and growing attention to reading. The expressive side of the literacy coin, writing skills, is arguably equally significant and worthy of instructional emphasis. However, there are growing indicators that writing has not received enough attention in the national educational reform debate (National Commission on Writing, 2003, 2006; National Writing Project & Nagin, 2006).
Epidemiological survey on schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni in primary schools in the Sub-Division of Taïbong-Dziguilao, Far-North Region Cameroon

Objective : To assess the current state of schistosomiasis ( Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni ) in Taibong Sub Division, in Mayo-Kani Division, an epidemiological survey was conducted from September to November 2014 in four government primary schools, to determine the prevalence of these human parasites. Methodology and results : 360 pupils responded to a previously developed questionnaire and underwent urine and stool tests. The examination of urinary sediment and stool samples under the microscope revealed a prevalence of 05.83% (21/360) of bladder schistosomiasis caused by S. haematobium and 1.11% (04/360) of intestinal schistosomiasis caused by S. mansoni . The age groups of 9-11 years had the highest prevalence rate with 7.5% (09/120); while the prevalence rate in the age group of 6-8 years was 5.83% (07/120) and the lowest was the age group 12-14 years with (4.17%) (05/120). A non-significant difference (χ 2 = 0.21, df= 1, p> 0.05) was noted between the sexes. Girls and boys presented the same proportions in terms of infestation with S. haematobium (5.81%; 10/172) for girls against (5.85%; 11/188) for boys. The public primary school Dziguilao II is the most affected by schistosomiasis with (10/90; 11.11%). Conclusion : This study assessed the current level of endemicity of urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis in human populations of this mixed focus and permitted to put in place adequate means of perpetual control of these parasitic diseases. Keywords : Epidemiological survey, Schistosomiasis, prevalence, pupils, Taibong, Cameroon
Food Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Food Handlers in University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus

Abstract The study determined food hygiene knowledge and practices among food handlers in University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus. Two specific objectives, two corresponding research questions, and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. The population for the study was 165 food handlers. There was no sampling done. A researchers’- designed food hygiene knowledge and practices questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Frequencies and percentages were used to answer the research questions while Chi-square (X2) statistic was used to test the hypotheses at . 05 level of significance. Findings showed among others that all the respondents (100%) who have no formal education were knowledgeable about food hygiene; 90.8 per cent of those who have primary education, 92.3 per cent of those who have secondary education and 92.3 of those who have no tertiary education had good knowledge of food hygiene. There was no significant difference in the level of food hygiene knowledge possessed by food handlers based on level of education (P = >.05). There was no significant difference in the food hygiene practices of food handlers based on level of education (P = >.05). The study recommended among others, that managers of food business establishments should frequently supervise the hygienic condition under which food handlers working for them prepare food.
A picture is worth a thousand words : content-based image retrieval techniques

In my dissertation I investigate techniques for improving the state of the art in content-based image retrieval. To place my work into context, I highlight the current trends and challenges in my field by analyzing over 200 recent articles. Next, I propose a novel paradigm called ‘artificial imagination’, which gives the retrieval system the power to imagine and think along with the user in terms of what she is looking for. I then introduce a new user interface for visualizing and exploring image collections, empowering the user to navigate large collections based on her own needs and preferences, while simultaneously providing her with an accurate sense of what the database has to offer. In the later chapters I present work dealing with millions of images and focus in particular on high-performance techniques that minimize memory and computational use for both near-duplicate image detection and web search. Finally, I show early work on a scene completion-based image retrieval engine, which synthesizes realistic imagery that matches what the user has in mind.
End-of-Life Care in U.S. Nursing Homes: Resident and Facility Factors that Predict Presence and Use of Services

Over 1.7 million older adults currently reside in U.S. nursing homes (Dobbs, Hanson, Zimmerman, Williams, & Munn, 2006; Hanson, Reynolds, Henderson, & Pickard, 2005). For those individuals, over half will die in those facilities (Bern-Klug, 2009). For the overall deaths in the United States, 20% of those are occurring in nursing home facilities (Rice, Coleman, Fish, Levy, & Kutner, 2004; Zerzan, Stearns, & Hanson, 2000). By 2040 this statistic is predicted to double with over 40% of U.S. deaths occurring in nursing homes (Ersek, Grant, & Kraybill, 2005).
Development in children's attribution of embarrassment and the relationship with theory of mind and shyness

The present study examined the two-stage developmental theory of the understanding of embarrassment (Modigliani & Blumenfeld, 1979) through the administration of verbal and non-verbal measures. Moreover, the relationship between children's attributions of embarrassment and their ability to understand false beliefs and propensity to be shy was investigated. Ninety-five children (4 to 9 years old) were presented with brief stories in which the main character received negative, neutral, or positive social reactions. Verbal and non-verbal attributions of embarrassment were examined. In addition, a false-belief task and a shyness-propensity questionnaire were administered. Using verbal measures, older children reported more embarrassment in the negative and neutral conditions compared to younger children. However, using non-verbal measures, these age differences disappeared. This suggests that young children may have a “mature” understanding of embarrassment, but may not be able to express this linguistically. Verbal and non-verbal embarrassment attributions were not related to the understanding of false beliefs, but they were related to shyness propensity. The results are discussed in terms of socio-cognitive and emotional factors in understanding emotions.
Third generation educational use of computer games

This article outlines the characteristics and problems related to edutainment and of the associated research studies demonstrating that learning outcomes look promising. The article suggests that we are moving towards a new generation of educational use of games that is more inclusive. This new generation relies on constructivist learning theories and a deeper understanding of the potential and limitations of computer games in educational praxis. In this approach computer games are just another tool for the teacher which can be dispensed with great success for the right tasks, but have clear limitations and require qualifi ed teachers that can serve as facilitators of learning. [abstract ends]
Chunks are not enough: the insufficiency of feature frequency-based explanations of artificial grammar learning (in special issue on music cognition and performance)

Two experiments tested chunk frequency explanations of artificial grammar learning which hold that classification performance is dependent on some metric derived from the frequency with which certain features occur within the letter string stimuli. Experiment 1 revealed that classification performance was affected by close graphemic similarity between specific training (e.g., MXRVXT) and test strings (e.g., MXRMXT), despite the fact that similar strings did not contain frequently occurring features (e.g., bigrams or trigrams). This effect was replicated in Experiment 2a and Experiment 2b demonstrated that substituting letters to make the consonant strings pronounceable (e.g., substituting X, R, and T, in the consonant string MXRMXT with Y, A, I, to produce MYAMYI) affected classification performance, despite the fact that objective measures of feature frequency were not altered. It is argued that models of classification that focus entirely on the frequency of features within the literal stimulus are insufficient, and that some allowance must be made for how the stimulus is encoded.
News Work: The Impact of Corporate Newsroom Culture on News Workers & Community Reporting

i Dedication . iii Acknowledgements . iv List of Tables . xii List of Figures . xiii Chapter 1: The Place of Local Television News in the Community . 1 A Changing Media Environment . 8 Rationale for the Study . 10 Research Questions . 14 Organization of the Rest of the Study . 17 Chapter 2: Theories of Community, Political Economy, and Labor Affecting Local Television News Production and Dissemination . 21 The Role of Place in Community.21 The role of journalism . 26 The Political Economy of the Mainstream Mass Media . 31 Commodification . 31 Spatialization.34 Structuration . 36 Labor . 37 Labor process theory and the division of labor . 38 Audience labor . 40 News Work ix Chapter 3: The State of the Local Television News Business in 2017, and How It Got to be this Way . 43 Regulating in the Public Interest . 43 Deregulating in the Business Interest . 46 Competition + diversity + localism = public interest? 48 Competition.48 Diversity . 50 Localism . 53 Equals public interest? 55 The Place of Journalism in the Marketplace . 58 The case of Sinclair . 58 Positive outcomes of corporate ownership on local newsrooms . 61 Chapter 4: Research Methodology.63 Data Collection . 64 Survey . 65 Email distribution.66 Social media . 67 Interviews . 68 Author Background . 69 Considerations of Confidentiality . 71 Chapter 5: Corporate Power and Its Influence on News Construction . 73 Filter 1: Size, Ownership, and Profit . 74 Filter 2: Advertising as a Primary Income Source . 76
EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF MEDICAL REPRESENTATIVE ON PHYSICIAN PRESCRIBING PATTERN IN IRAQ

Objective: Evaluation of the interaction between medical representatives (MRs) and physicians and the effect of such interaction on physician prescribing behavior, according to the site of view for Iraqi pharmacists. Methods: A survey for 36 pharmacists in their private pharmacies in different areas of Baghdad governorate was done through the use of a specific set of questions in a questionnaire format. Results: Most participated pharmacists agreed that physicians at most times change their prescribing pattern by attendance of the MRs, additionally there is a significant decline in the number of prescriptions for the promoted drug by the absence of medical representative for long period of time, furthermore participated pharmacists agreed that there is an irrational prescribing patterns by most physicians in Iraq. Conclusion: The interaction between MRs and physicians in Iraq, usually result in non rational prescribing patterns, which may in turn negatively affecting the health of the patients and on the other hand increases the cost of medications. Keywords: Promotion, medical representative, prescribing pattern.
Numerical approximation of fluid-structure interaction problems with application to haemodynamics

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 2458 (2001)Faculte des sciences de baseChaire de modelisation et calcul scientifiqueJury: Robert Dalang, Marcus Grote, Yvon Maday, Jacques Rappaz Public defense: 2001-11-1 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-2458Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2017-05-12
A study on the association between HSV-2 and HIV serostatus in HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative individuals -

Background: HSV-2 is a common cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide and has become a prominent public health issue over recent years. The major public health importance of HSV-2 relates to its potential role in facilitating HIV transmission. This study was done to know the association of HSV-2 and HIV, to compare the seropositivity of HSV-2 in HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative individuals and also to study the influence of certain factors on HSV-2 infection. Methods: Blood samples collected from 132 HIV seropositive individuals and 50 HIV seronegative blood donors were screened for HSV-2 type specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. Results: 84 samples of the test group tested positive for HSV-2 (63.63%), which is significantly higher compared to 3 (6%) positives of the control group. HSV-2 seropositivity was significantly higher in individuals with multiple sexual partners, illiterates, daily wage workers. Conclusions: High seropositivity of HSV-2 in HIV seropositive individuals demonstrates the need for regular screening of HSV-2 in HIV seropositive individuals. It also clearly shows that education and occupation will influence the prevalence of HIV and HSV-2.
Tell me... why do you drink? : a study of drinking motives in adolescence

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
A Novel Cellular Pathway of Antigen Presentation and CD4 T Cell Activation in vivo

Dendritic cell activation of CD4 T cells in the lymph node draining a site of infection or vaccination is widely considered the central event in initiating adaptive immunity. The accepted dogma is that this occurs by stimulating local activation and antigen acquisition by dendritic cells, with subsequent lymph node migration, however the generalizability of this mechanism is unclear. Here we show that in some circumstances antigen can bypass the injection site inflammatory response, draining freely and rapidly to the lymph nodes where it interacts with subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages resulting in their death. Debris from these dying SCS macrophages is internalized by monocytes recruited from the circulation. This coordinated response leads to antigen presentation by monocytes and interactions with naïve CD4 T cells that can drive the initiation of T cell and B cell responses. These studies demonstrate an entirely novel pathway leading to initiation of adaptive immune responses in vivo.
Intergenerational Impact of Immigrants' Selection and Assimilation on Health Outcomes of Children

This study undertakes three comparisons using Cycle 2 (1996-97) data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) in Canada. First, the study compares the health outcomes of children of the Native-born Canadian (NBC) group with those of the immigrant group in general. Differences are also investigated within the three immigrant sub-groups: the American immigrant group, the European immigrant group and Asian immigrant group. Second, this study tests the hypothesis that the children of any immigrant group in Canada would have a higher level of health outcomes for the same level of resources. Third, the study examines the association of time of residency of immigrants in different groups and the health outcomes of their children. An immigrant family is defined as one in which at least one of the parents is foreign-born. Health outcomes are measured by the PMK's (person most knowledgeable about the child) assessment of the child's health. Ordered logit models are employed for estimation. The children selected for analysis are 4 to 13 years of age. The NLSCY data suggest that the health outcomes of children in the immigrant families in general are similar to that in the NBC group. However, the health outcomes of the Asian immigrant group are slightly lower and those of the American immigrant group are markedly better. Except for the American immigrant group, there is evidence that the children of any other immigrant group would have lower health status for the same level of resources. Decomposition results indicate that a higher level of observable and unobservable resources is responsible for markedly better outcomes for the American immigrant group; while a lower level of observable and unobservable resources is responsible for the lower level of outcomes for the Asian immigrant group. On the other hand, health outcomes are higher for the European immigrant group than for the NBC group when variation in resources is considered, while lower when variation in productivity coefficients is examined. Finally, there is statistical evidence that the health status of children of immigrant families would improve with the time of residency of immigrant parents, if it were lower initially. The findings of the study indicate that present health outcomes of children in the immigrant families, on average, are not a great concern. However, those of the Asian immigrant group may be a concern.