Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Importance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis in therapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone given every 14 days for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in routine clinical practice

1 Department of Haematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, 2 Hematology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France, 3 Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 4 Hematology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, 5 Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 6 Haematology, St George ’ s University of London, London, UK, 7 UO Ematologia 1 – CTMO, Fondazione Policlinico MaRe IRCCS, Milano, Italy, 8 University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium, 9 Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 10 AMLtd, London, UK and 11 Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
Climatic and Environmental Changes Affecting Communities in Atlantic Canada

Small rural coastal communities located in Atlantic Canada are vulnerable to the effects of climate and environmental changes. Major storms have impounded the coastline, causing much physical damage and affecting the socioeconomics of these communities that are composed of an aging population. The current study relays findings based on interviews completed in 2011–2012, following the 2010 winter storms in Atlantic Canada. It portrays the physical and social–ecological impacts affecting 10 coastal communities located in the provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. Semi-structured interviews held in these provinces are the basis for the contributions of this research. The findings reveal physical changes related to coastal erosion from high-wave impacts and storm surge causing flooding of the coastal zone. Also considered are strategies preferred and actually implemented by residents, such as building of protection walls, although undesirable. Due to funding constraints, however, many of these large-scale flood protection projects are not possible without governmental support. Instead, it is suggested that development be controlled and some respondents in this study upheld that relocation be used to alleviate the situation. Finally, more work is required to improve emergency planning. Better concerted short- and long-term responses need to be coordinated by local authorities and higher up in the government in order to ensure the sustainability of these coastal communities.
cDNA sequence of the rat U snRNP‐associated protein N: description of a potential Sm epitope.

Anti‐Sm antibodies from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were used to isolate cDNA clones encoding the snRNP‐associated protein N from a rat brain derived cDNA library. The predicted primary structure of the 240 amino acid protein has a proline rich carboxyl terminus and shares a region of sequence similarity with other snRNP polypeptides, A and B/B‘. Anti‐Sm sera recognize a beta‐galactosidase fusion protein containing only the carboxyl‐terminal 80 amino acids of N; antibodies eluted from this fusion protein also react with A, B/B’ and N on immunoblots, suggesting that these proteins share an Sm epitope located within this segment. Polyclonal antibodies raised against a 23 amino acid synthetic peptide derived from this conserved region of N recognize A, N and B/B‘ on immunoblots and can immunoprecipitate the Sm class of U snRNAs. These results confirm that this sequence defines a potential Sm epitope. RNA blotting analyses demonstrate that a 1.6 kb mRNA expressed predominantly in brain encodes the N polypeptide in both rats and humans. At low stringency rat N cDNA also hybridizes to a 1.3 kb mRNA species which encodes B/B’, suggesting that N is structurally related to, but distinct from B/B‘. Although B/B’ proteins are thought to be expressed in all human cells, only N and B, but not B′, are observed on immunoblots of human brain proteins probed with anti‐Sm sera. The apparent difference in the complement of proteins associated with snRNP particles in human brain versus elsewhere suggests a possible mechanism for the regulation of brain‐specific mRNA splicing.
The effects of methylphenidate on whole brain intrinsic functional connectivity

Methylphenidate (MPH) is an indirect dopaminergic and noradrenergic agonist that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and that has shown therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, dementia, and Parkinson's disease. While effects of MPH on task‐induced brain activation have been investigated, little is known about how MPH influences the resting brain. To investigate the effects of 40 mg of oral MPH on intrinsic functional connectivity, we used resting state fMRI in 54 healthy male subjects in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. Functional connectivity analysis employing ICA revealed seven resting state networks (RSN) of interest. Connectivity strength between the dorsal attention network and the thalamus was increased after MPH intake. Other RSN located in association cortex areas, such as the left and right frontoparietal networks and the executive control network, showed MPH‐induced connectivity increase to sensory‐motor and visual cortex regions and connectivity decrease to cortical and subcortical components of cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuits (CST). RSN located in sensory‐motor cortex areas showed the opposite pattern with MPH‐induced connectivity increase to CST components and connectivity decrease to sensory‐motor and visual cortex regions. Our results provide evidence that MPH does not only alter intrinsic connectivity between brain areas involved in sustained attention, but that it also induces significant changes in the cortico‐cortical and cortico‐subcortical connectivity of many other cognitive and sensory‐motor RSN. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5379–5388, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bead Capture on Magnetic Sensors in a Microfluidic System

The accumulation of magnetic beads by gravitational sedimentation and magnetic capture on a planar Hall-effect sensor integrated in a microfluidic channel is studied systematically as a function of the bead concentration, the fluid flow rate, and the sensor bias current. It is demonstrated that the sedimentation flux is proportional to the bead concentration and has a power law relation to the fluid flow rate. The mechanisms for the bead accumulation are investigated and it is found that gravitational sedimentation dominates the bead accumulation, whereas the stability of the sedimented beads against the fluid flow is defined by the localized magnetic fields from the sensor.
Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4

Currently BGP-4 [BGP-4] is capable of carrying routing information only for IPv4 [IPv4]. This document defines extensions to BGP-4 to enable it to carry routing information for multiple Network Layer protocols (e.g., IPv6, IPX, etc.). The extensions are backward compatible - a router that supports the extensions can interoperate with a router that doesn't support the extensions.
Unusually low prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in urine samples from infertile men and healthy controls – a prevalence study

BMJ Open publishes all reviews undertaken for accepted manuscripts. Reviewers are asked to complete a checklist review form (http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/resources/checklist.pdf) and are provided with free text boxes to elaborate on their assessment. These free text comments are reproduced below. Some articles will have been accepted based in part or entirely on reviews undertaken for other BMJ Group journals. These will be reproduced where possible.
Defect core structure in nematic liquid crystals.

The core structure of half-integer wedge disclinations in nematic liquid crystals has been investigated within the Landau-de Gennes theory, by solution of the appropriate Euler-Lagrange equations. Close to the nematic-isotropic transition the energy density exhibits a domain-wall-like structure around the core which disappears at low temperatures. The inner core does not consist of isotropic fluid, and the core is heavily biaxial at all temperatures.
Components of Switching Intentional Set

Despite the intuition that we can shift cognitive set on instruction, some behavioral studies have suggested that set shifting might only be accomplished once we engage in performance of the new task. It is possible that set switching consists of more than one component cognitive process and that the component processes might segregated in time. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) during two set-switching tasks to test whether different component processes were responsible for (i) set initiation and reconfiguration when presented with the instruction to switch, and (ii) the implementation of the new set once subjects engaged in performing the new task. The response switching (RS) task required shifts of intentional set; subjects selected between responses according to one of two conflicting intentional sets. The results demonstrated the existence of more than one constituent process. Some of the processes were linked to the initiation and reconfiguration of the set prior to actual performance of the new task. Other processes were time locked to performance of new task items. Set initiation started with modulation of medial frontal ERPs and was followed by modulation over parietal electrodes. Implementation of intentional set was associated with modulation of response-related ERPs.
Tipping the balance in glomerulonephritis.

Many forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) are believed to be autoimmune in origin, with both humoral and cellular immune responses directed against resident or planted glomerular antigens. In a proportion of cases the antigens are known, such as the α3 chain of type IV collagen constituent of the
Development and loss of tolerance to ethanol in goldfish.

The brain concentration of ethanol at the time when goldfish lose their righting reflex (overturn) upon immersion iim 3.1% (w/v) ethanol and the time for onset of overturn were used as measures of ethanol action. In studies of tolerance to ethanol the fish were exposed continuously to 0.8% ethanol in time aquarium water and then tested for overturn in time 3.1% ethanol. After the exposure to the 0.8% solution for periods of time ranging from 3 to 48 hours. significant increases in brain ethanol content at overturn (7-10 µg/mg of wet brain) relative to control levels (3.59 ± 0.4 µg/mg of wet brain) were observed. The increase is interpreted as representing acquired tolerance to ethanol by goldfish. Sustained exposure to 0.8% ethanol for periods up to 48 hours produced no greater tolerance than did exposure for three hours. This tolerance disappeared within two to six hours, as measured by the decline in brain ethanol content at overturn, after return of the fish to water subsequent to a 24-hour exposure to O.8% ethanol. Thus goldfish reproducibly exhibit acquired tolerance which has a rapid time course for both onset and disappearance.
Garlic in Clinical Practice: An Evidence-Based Overview

Background and objective: Garlic has been widely used in clinical practice, and there were many systematic reviews (SRs) describing its effects. But none reviewed the clinical utility comprehensively, so we aimed to evaluate its effects from every aspect of its effects. Methods: We comprehensively searched medical electronic databases, asked the experts in this field, along with reference tracking, and manual searching. We included all kinds of SRs, including Cochrane SRs and non-Cochrane SRs. Two authors independently selected articles for relevant SRs, and extracted data of included SRs, resolved differences by consultation with a third reviewer. Results: We described nine SRs about garlic. Available evidence showed that garlic can reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients and patients with elevated systolic BP (SBP), but not in normotensive subjects. Evidence about the effects of garlic on lipid parameters was contentious, so we cannot make a decision whether garlic is effective enough for reducing total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TAG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). As evidence was very limited and insufficient, relations between garlic intake and reduced risks of all kinds of cancers, antiglycemic and antithrombotic effects of garlic, the effects of garlic on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were unclear. Garlic as a preventative or treatment option for the common cold or peripheral arterial occlusive disease or pre-eclampsia and its complications could not be recommended, as only one relatively small trial evaluated the effects separately. Conclusions: Garlic might be effective in some areas of clinical practice, but the evidence levels were low, so further researches should be well designed using rigorous method to avoid potential biases.
EBSD and TEM investigation of the hot deformation substructure characteristics of a type 316L austenitic stainless steel

The evolution of crystallographic texture and deformation substructure was studied in a type 316L austenitic stainless steel, deformed in rolling at 900 °C to true strain levels of about 0.3 and 0.7. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used in the investigation and a comparison of the substructural characteristics obtained by these techniques was made. At the lower strain level, the deformation substructure observed by EBSD appeared to be rather poorly developed. There was considerable evidence of a rotation of the pre‐existing twin boundaries from their original orientation relationship, as well as the formation of highly distorted grain boundary regions. In TEM, at this strain level, the substructure was more clearly revealed, although it appeared rather inhomogeneously developed from grain to grain. The subgrains were frequently elongated and their boundaries often approximated to traces of {111} slip planes. The corresponding misorientations were small and largely displayed a non‐cumulative character. At the larger strain, the substructure within most grains became well developed and the corresponding misorientations increased. This resulted in better detection of sub‐boundaries by EBSD, although the percentage of indexing slightly decreased. TEM revealed splitting of some sub‐boundaries to form fine microbands, as well as the localized formation of microshear bands. The substructural characteristics observed by EBSD, in particular at the larger strain, generally appeared to compare well with those obtained using TEM. With increased strain level, the mean subgrain size became finer, the corresponding mean misorientation angle increased and both these characteristics became less dependent on a particular grain orientation. The statistically representative data obtained will assist in the development of physically based models of microstructural evolution during thermomechanical processing of austenitic stainless steels.
Characterization of Metagenomes in Urban Aquatic Compartments Reveals High Prevalence of Clinically Relevant Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewaters

The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating problem and a threat to public health. Comparative metagenomics was used to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in wastewater and urban surface water environments in Singapore. Hospital and municipal wastewater (n = 6) were found to have higher diversity and average abundance of ARGs (303 ARG subtypes, 197,816 x/Gb) compared to treated wastewater effluent (n = 2, 58 ARG subtypes, 2,692 x/Gb) and surface water (n = 5, 35 subtypes, 7,985 x/Gb). A cluster analysis showed that the taxonomic composition of wastewaters was highly similar and had a bacterial community composition enriched in gut bacteria (Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Roseburia, Ruminococcus), the Enterobacteriaceae group (Klebsiella, Aeromonas, Enterobacter) and opportunistic pathogens (Prevotella, Comamonas, Neisseria). Wastewater, treated effluents and surface waters had a shared resistome of 21 ARGs encoding multidrug resistant efflux pumps or resistance to aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramins (MLS), quinolones, sulfonamide, and tetracycline resistance which suggests that these genes are wide spread across different environments. Wastewater had a distinctively higher average abundance of clinically relevant, class A beta-lactamase resistant genes (i.e., blaKPC, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM). The wastewaters from clinical isolation wards, in particular, had a exceedingly high levels of blaKPC-2 genes (142,200 x/Gb), encoding for carbapenem resistance. Assembled scaffolds (16 and 30 kbp) from isolation ward wastewater samples indicated this gene was located on a Tn3-based transposon (Tn4401), a mobilization element found in Klebsiella pneumonia plasmids. In the longer scaffold, transposable elements were flanked by a toxin–antitoxin (TA) system and other metal resistant genes that likely increase the persistence, fitness and propagation of the plasmid in the bacterial host under conditions of stress. A few bacterial species (Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that were cultured from the isolation ward wastewaters on CHROMagar media harbored the blaKPC-2 gene. This suggests that hospital wastewaters derived from clinical specialty wards are hotspots for the spread of AMR. Assembled scaffolds of other mobile genetic elements such as IncQ and IncF plasmids bearing quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS2) and the class A beta-lactamase gene (blaTEM-1) were recovered in wastewater samples which may aid the transfer of AMR.
The Experience of Kidney Graft Failure: Patients' Perspectives

In this article we describe the phenomenon of kidney graft failure from the unique perspective of patients. Fifteen patients took part in semistructured interviews. We analyzed interviews using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The content analysis yielded five main emergent themes: life disruption, suffering, meaning making, resistance/acceptance, and social comparison. These results are discussed within the theoretical framework of psychosocial transition put forward by Parkes. A comprehensive description of the experience of kidney graft failure emerging from the patients' perspectives can provide a better understanding of the psychosocial aspects— not only the body aspects—of the phenomenon. It can help health care professionals better address patients' suffering, which is experienced by a person as a whole, and to offer support that promotes adaptation to kidney graft failure.
A follow‐up study of children with food allergy. Clinical course in relation to serum IgE‐ and IgG‐antibody levels to milk, egg and fish

Eighty‐two children with food sensitivity were followed‐up for 2‐5 years. Most children showed a decreasing sensitivity and the clinical course of food allergy seemed to reflect the course of the humoral immune responses to the offending foods. The occurrence of IgE‐ and IgG‐antibodies parallelled in most cases. However, an early, high IgG/IgE food antibody ratio seemed to be a good prognostic sign, indicating a possible blocking capacity of IgG‐antibodies.
Exploring information quality dimensions of government agency's information services through social media: a case of the Ministry of Education and Culture in Indonesia

In this digital age, information services have been considered as one vital aspect of modern lives. Along with the dramatic increase of social media users, some government agencies have chosen this new media as information services delivery channel. One important aspect that affects user satisfaction of information services through social media is information quality. Hence, this study aims to investigate information quality dimensions that affect user satisfaction of government's information services through social media using a case study of the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemdikbud) in Indonesia. Thus, data of 150 respondents were collected through a survey towards the agency's social media followers. This study found that intrinsic information quality, namely accuracy, believability, reputation and objectivity, is essential to user satisfaction. In terms of representational quality, ease of understanding and interpretability is considered crucial while in the contextual information quality, completeness, timeliness, informativeness and value-added is deemed important.
On constraint qualifications in directionally differentiable multiobjective optimization problems

We consider a multiobjective optimization problem with a feasible set defined by inequality and equality constraints such that all functions are, at least, Dini differentiable (in some cases, Hadamard differentiable and sometimes, quasiconvex). Several constraint qualifications are given in such a way that generalize both the qualifications introduced by Maeda and the classical ones, when the functions are differentiable. The relationships between them are analyzed. Finally, we give several Kuhn-Tucker type necessary conditions for a point to be Pareto minimum under the weaker constraint qualifications here proposed.
Cancer patients' sources of information: use and quality issues

Appropriate information, offered at the right time, has been recognised as a key factor in enabling patients to cope with a diagnosis of cancer. This paper describes the sources of information that are currently being utilised by patients and the perceived quality of these sources. A sample of 430 patients were asked to indicate on a series of Likert scales their views of 19 commonly available sources of information.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Multifetal Pregnancy: A Study at a Teaching Hospital

Multiple pregnancies are associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes as compared to singleton pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes in multifetal pregnancy at a teaching hospital in western region of Nepal. It was a prospective observational study. It was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, from January 2012 to December 2014. This study included data on all women admitted between January 2012 to December 2014 with 28 completed weeks gestation having multifetal pregnancies in labor during the above mentioned period. The data was obtained from the hospital medical record department and the birth register. It included demographic details, complications of pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes. The data was expressed as frequencies, percentages, and mean. There were a total of 144 multiple pregnancies who had delivered with the overall incidence of 1.9 per 1000 births during the study period. There were 5 triplet pregnancies among these. The main maternal adverse outcomes were preterm delivery (62.58%), anemia (8.6%), pregnancy induced hypertension (5%), and antepartum hemorrhage (2.2%). The mean gestational age at delivery was 34.6 weeks for twins and 33 weeks for triplets. The commonest mode of delivery was vaginal 54% of first twin and 52% of second twins whereas 3 triplets delivered by caesarean section and two delivered vaginally. The most common neonatal complication was low birth weight. The most common cause of neonatal death was prematurity with neonatal sepsis. So it was concluded that multiple pregnancy have high maternal and neonatal complications, mainly preterm delivery that increases the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality.