Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability Generalization

The assessment of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) by means of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule has received a remarkable popularity in the social sciences. Using a meta-analytic tool—namely, reliability generalization (RG)—population reliability scores of both scales have been investigated on the basis of a random effects model in 147 studies. Correcting for measurement errors, the results demonstrate moderate to high internal consistency coefficients and variations of the PA and NA reliability scores with regard to time frame instructions, language of items, and sample characteristics. The percentage of PA and NA true score variance differs in subpopulations up to 11%. RG analysis of test–retest coefficients illustrates state-like fluctuations and trait-like stability of both scales. Calculations of the fail-safe number point at the robustness of the results. Applications of RG coefficients compared to single-study coefficients highlight the relevance of population coefficients for research and assessment situations.
A tale of two flatties: different responses of two terrestrial flatworms to past environmental climatic fluctuations at Tallaganda in montane southeastern Australia

Comparative phylogeographic studies of animals with low mobility and/or high habitat specificity remain rare, yet such organisms may hold fine‐grained palaeoecological signal. Comparisons of multiple, codistributed species can elucidate major historical events. As part of a multitaxon programme, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) variation was analysed in two species of terrestrial flatworm, Artioposthia lucasi and Caenoplana coerulea. We applied coalescent demographic estimators and nested clade analysis to examine responses to past, landscape‐scale, cooling‐drying events in a model system of montane forest (Tallaganda). Correspondence of haplotype groups in both species to previously proposed microbiogeographic regions indicates at least four refuges from cool, dry conditions. The region predicted to hold the highest quality refuges (the Eastern Slopes Region), is indicated to have been a long‐term refuge in both species, but so are several other regions. Coalescent analyses suggest that populations of A. lucasi are declining, while C. coerulea is expanding, although stronger population substructure in the former could yield similar patterns in the data. The differences in spatial and temporal genetic variation in the two species could be explained by differences in ecological attributes: A. lucasi is predicted to have lower dispersal ability but may be better able to withstand cold conditions. Thus, different contemporary population dynamics may reflect different responses to recent (Holocene) climate warming. The two species show highly congruent patterns of catchment‐based local genetic endemism with one another and with previously studied slime‐mould grazing Collembola.
Formation of microbumps and protrusions on metal thin films by localized laser irradiation

We present results on the formation of microbumps, and high-aspect-ratio nano-scale protrusions on metal films as a result of single-pulse localized laser irradiation. A Q-switched nanosecond-pulse Nd:YAG laser, emitting at its fourth harmonic of 266 nm, was employed. Gold or platinum films with thicknesses of several hundred nanometers were irradiated in ambient or under low-vacuum conditions, with circular laser spots, several micrometers in diameter. A mask projection technique was used to generate these spot patterns. The resulting structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The formation mechanism of these structures is briefly discussed.
Inflammation promotes survival and migration of the CG4 oligodendrocyte progenitors transplanted in the spinal cord of both inflammatory and demyelinated EAE rats

Oligodendrocyte progenitor CG4 cells were labeled with bisbenzimide and transplanted in the lumbar spinal cord of rats 15 to 17 days prior to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced by immunization with the encephalitogenic peptide of myelin basic protein (amino acids 68–88; C1) in adjuvant, either alone or in combination with a single injection of an anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody to enhance central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. In control animals without EAE, the survival and migration capacity of CG4 cells was minimal. In striking contrast, both the survival and migration of this oligodendrocyte progenitor cell line were greatly enhanced in animals with EAE. In both disease models, large number of CG4 cells were still found in the spinal cord 50 days after transplantation, by which time they had migrated up to 6 cm from the transplantation site. Migrating CG4 cells were found in the subpial space, around the ependyma and blood vessels, and as well as in the grey and white matter of the CNS parenchyma. In all these locations, the CG4 cells were often associated with reactive astrocytes. These data strongly support the concept that inflammatory responses within the CNS promote, rather than inhibit, the survival and migration of transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitors in the adult CNS. J. Neurosci. Res. 50:853–861, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The human sex ratio. Part 2: A hypothesis and a program of research.

This is the second of a two-part study on the human sex ratio. "It is hypothesised that hormone levels of both parents at the time of conception affect the probability of a male birth high levels of estrogen and testosterone increasing this probability and high levels of gonadotropin decreasing it. " The author discusses how such a hypothesis accommodates observed variations of sex ratio and outlines two methods of testing the hypothesis in future research. (EXCERPT)
The effect of re-operation on survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND Treatment options for glioblastoma (GBM) at recurrence have limited efficacy. Re-surgery has been used for confirmation of recurrent disease and to provide relief of symptoms but the real impact on survival is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for GBM patients followed between 01/2005 and 06/2010 at our Institution. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-two patients with recurrent GBM were evaluated. One hundred and two patients (44%) were treated with re-surgery followed by chemotherapy and 130 patients (56%) with chemotherapy alone. In multivariate analysis, no significant effect of re-surgery was found, with age (p=0.001), MGMT methylation (p=0.002) and PFS at 6 months (p=0.0001) being significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION Second surgery might have a limited impact in the clinical course of recurrent GBM patients.
Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy of CIA and CNA Intrusion Arches.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Excessive overbite is one of the most common problems that confront the orthodontist. Deep bite can be due to infraocclusion of posterior teeth, supraocclusion of anterior teeth or a combination of the two. Correction of same can be carried out by extrusion of molars, intrusion of incisors or by a combination of both respectively. Various intrusion arches are recommended for correcting deep bite by true intrusion of anterior teeth, Utility arches, Segmental arch, Connecticut Intrusion Arch (CIA) and Connecticut New Arch (CNA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of CIA and CNA intrusion arches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tracings recorded from pre and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 25 patients treated by CIA (Group I) and another 25 patients treated by CNA (Group II) intrusion arches in deep bite cases after four months of treatment were analysed and findings were recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Paired t-test was used to compare pre and post-treatment changes within Groups I and II and unpaired t-test was used to compare treatment changes between Group I and Group II. A P-value of < 0.05 was set for statistical significance. RESULTS Findings of this study demonstrate that an average of 1mm of intrusion takes place with CIA intrusion arch and 1.3mm with CNA intrusion arch in a period of 4 months. Both intrusion arches do not affect the position of molar in vertical or anteroposterior plane. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Both CIA and CNA intrusion arches are effective in bringing about intrusion of lower incisors.
ENZYMATIC EXPRESSION AND GENETIC LINKAGE OF GENES CONTROLLING GALACTOSE UTILIZATION IN SACCHAROMYCES.

Mutations in our breeding stocks of Saccharomyces that produce the galactosenegative phenotype by blocking specific steps in this reaction sequence are gal, which affects the activity of galactokinase ( ROBICHON-SZULMAJSTER 1958) and gu,, which affects the activity of phosphoglucomutase (DOUGLAS 1961). Other mutations also affect the galactose phenotype of yeast. The transport of galactose into the cell is affected in gu, mutants (DOUGLAS and CONDIE 1954, ROBICHON-SZULMAJSTER 1961 ) while the phenotype of long-term adaption to galactose (WINGE and ROBERTS 1948; SPIEGELMAN, SUSSMAN, and PINSKA 1950) is a consequence of the gu, mutation. Suppression of the gu, phenotype is brought about by the recessive mutation iwhich allows constitutive synthesis of galactokinase, transferase and epimerase (DOUGLAS and PELROY 1963). The present work concerns the roles of the mutations ga,, gu,, and gal" in the galactose pathway, and the linkage relationships of the galactose genes. Evidence will be presented to show that gu7 and gal" block the synthesis of transferase and epimerase, respectively, and that gu4 prevents the synthesis of all three of the
Mitogen stimulation affects contractile protein mRNA abundance and translation in embryonic quail myocytes

In cultures of differentiated, fusion-blocked muscle cells obtained from embryonic Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), mitogen stimulation leads to an immediate reduction in the rates of synthesis of skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) and alpha-actin. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this downregulation were examined. The cellular abundances of the alpha-actin and MHC mRNAs were affected differently by mitogen stimulation; alpha-actin mRNA abundance declined by an amount which quantitatively accounted for the observed decrease in alpha-actin synthesis, whereas MHC mRNA abundance remained virtually unchanged during the first 6 h following mitogen stimulation, a period during which MHC synthesis declined by more than 70%. MHC mRNA abundance did decline between 6 and 12 h after mitogen stimulation. Downregulation of MHC synthesis therefore involves an initial block in mRNA translation combined with a later loss of MHC mRNA from the cytoplasma, while alpha-actin synthesis is regulated at the level of mRNA abundance. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, in addition to transcriptional activation of muscle-specific genes, skeletal muscle differentiation normally involves cell cycle-dependent modulations in cellular factors which control message stability and message translation.
The Cross‐Section of Expected Stock Returns

Two easily measured variables, size and book-to-market equity, combine to capture the cross-sectional variation in average stock returns associated with market 3, size, leverage, book-to-market equity, and earnings-price ratios. Moreover, when the tests allow for variation in 3 that is unrelated to size, the relation between market /3 and average return is flat, even when 3 is the only explanatory variable. THE ASSET-PRICING MODEL OF Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965), and Black (1972) has long shaped the way academics and practitioners think about average returns and risk. The central prediction of the model is that the market portfolio of invested wealth is mean-variance efficient in the sense of Markowitz (1959). The efficiency of the market portfolio implies that (a) expected returns on securities are a positive linear function of their market O3s (the slope in the regression of a security's return on the market's return), and (b) market O3s suffice to describe the cross-section of expected returns. There are several empirical contradictions of the Sharpe-Lintner-Black (SLB) model. The most prominent is the size effect of Banz (1981). He finds that market equity, ME (a stock's price times shares outstanding), adds to the explanation of the cross-section of average returns provided by market Os. Average returns on small (low ME) stocks are too high given their f estimates, and average returns on large stocks are too low. Another contradiction of the SLB model is the positive relation between leverage and average return documented by Bhandari (1988). It is plausible that leverage is associated with risk and expected return, but in the SLB model, leverage risk should be captured by market S. Bhandari finds, howev er, that leverage helps explain the cross-section of average stock returns in tests that include size (ME) as well as A. Stattman (1980) and Rosenberg, Reid, and Lanstein (1985) find that average returns on U.S. stocks are positively related to the ratio of a firm's book value of common equity, BE, to its market value, ME. Chan, Hamao, and Lakonishok (1991) find that book-to-market equity, BE/ME, also has a strong role in explaining the cross-section of average returns on Japanese stocks.
Informed consent: a patients’ perspective

The medico-legal issues surrounding informed consent are highly topical and contentious. Current attitudes to consent emphasize the high level of ’good medical practice’ expected by a ’reasonable patient/parent’. The authors’ objectives were to assess the levels of knowledge and information expected by patients and parents, prior to signing consent forms for a surgical procedure. Each patient or parent was asked a series of questions prior to signing a consent form. Answers were recorded on a standard questionnaire. More than 80 per cent of respondents were happy with the information provided in out-patients, however, over half of these could not list even one complication of their operation. Two-thirds of those surveyed sought information elsewhere, while over half expected to be informed of all known complications, even if the rate of complications was less than one per cent. In conclusion, the information provided by surgeons might not meet the expectations of today’s informed patients.
Cytotoxic Trials by the Gynecologic Oncology Group

The Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) is a large organization with collaboration among institutions in the USA. The group has been active in many important trials involving gynecologic cancers. Until March 2011, 477 protocols were completed (82 phase III, 311 phase II, and other phase I, staging or special studies) while 50 are currently active (1). From the first (GOG 1) to the last trial (GOG 9919), many of them have generated a large body of knowledge providing answers in areas of controversy derived from retrospective studies. Others have given important information which guide the clinical practice in gynecologic cancer care worldwide. We cover in this chapter key GOG studies focusing on the role of chemotherapy for cervical, uterine, ovarian cancers, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms.
Survival in Finnish Centenarians in Relation to Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism

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EVIDENCE FOR SELECTION AGAINST HYBRIDS IN THE FAMILY CYPRINIDAE (GENUS NOTROPIS)

Notropis cornutus and N. chrysocephalus are two cyprinid fishes which hybridize extensively in the midwest. In this paper, statistical analysis was used to determine if the deficiency of Notropis cornutus × N. chrysocephalus hybrids can be attributed partly to selection against hybrids. Principal component analysis was used to construct a folded hybrid index (FHI) using morphological and electrophoretic characters which distinguish N. cornutus, N. chrysocephalus, and their hybrids. A Wilcoxon signed‐rank test comparing mean FHI between successive age classes within cohorts and regression analysis of FHI on age supported the conclusion that hybrids are less fit than parentals in nature; however, this analysis did not include a test of selection at zygotic and larval life history stages or partial infertility of hybrids. Selection eliminated hybrids at a rate of 9.2% per year. Considering the intensity of selection and the age of hybridization, it is surprising that premating reproductive isolating mechanisms have not been perfected by selection against gametic wastage as predicted by classical speciation theory. It appears that the reinforcement of premating isolating mechanisms is an extremely slow process, if it occurs at all, despite apparently intense selection against hybrids.
"Between the Fixed and the Changing": Examining and Comparing Reliability and Validity of 3 Sedation-Agitation Measuring Scales

The goal of the study was to compare the reliability and validity of 3 Sedation Agitation Scale. Two nurses and a physician conducted 130 observations simultaneously. They found an excellent interrater reliability in the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (r > 0.86), and high correlations between the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and the Sedation Agitation Scale and Visual Analog Scale scales (r = 0.92, r = 0.85). The research findings will help to assert Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale as a daily assessment tool in the intensive care unit, and it will pave the way for construction a sedation protocol according to the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale level.
Investigating nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and skills patterns towards clinical management system: Results of a cluster analysis

To determine whether definable subtypes exist within a cohort of Hong Kong nurses as related to the clinical management system use in their clinical practices based on their knowledge, attitudes, skills, and background factors. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The sample of 242 registered nurses was recruited from three hospitals in Hong Kong. The study employs personal and demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes, and skills scale. A cluster analysis yielded two clusters. Each cluster represents a different profile of Hong Kong nurses on the clinical management system use in their clinical practices. The first group (Cluster 1) was labeled ‘lower attitudes, less skilful and average knowledge’ group, and represented 55.4% of the total respondents. The second group (Cluster 2) was labeled as ‘positive attitudes, good knowledge but less skilful’. They comprised almost 44.6% of this nursing sample. Cluster 2 had more older nurses, the majority were educated to the baccalaureate or above level, with more than 10 years working experience, and they held a more senior ranking then Cluster 1. A clear profile of Hong Kong nurses may benefit healthcare professionals in making appropriate education or assistance to prompt the use of the clinical management system by nurses an officially recognized profession. The findings were useful in determining nurse-users' specific needs and their preferences for modification of the clinical management system. Such findings should be used to formulate strategies to encourage nurses to resolve actual problems following computer training and to increase the depth and breadth of nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and skills toward such system.
Use of percentiles for the body mass index in anorexia nervosa: diagnostic, epidemiological, and therapeutic considerations.

OBJECTIVE Percentiles for the body mass index (BMI) offer a possibility to epidemiologically assess the linear weight criterion of 85% average body weight commonly used for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. METHOD BMI values corresponding to 85% average body weight were calculated and assessed with percentiles derived from epidemiological studies in both the United States and Germany. The underweight range was characterized epidemiologically. RESULTS The weight criterion used for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa corresponds to BMI values between the 5th and 10th centiles in both populations. In epidemiological terms the lowest BMI values in individuals aged 10 years and older occur during adolescence. In the general population BMI values <16 kg/m2 are rarely observed. Upon the use of higher BMI cutoffs in the underweight range females clearly predominate. The BMI increase associated with the 5th or 10th centile in the age range between 18 and 30 years is quite low suggesting that many underweight females in the general population gain only minimal weight during this age span. DISCUSSION The diagnostic, epidemiological, and therapeutic implications for anorexia nervosa are discussed.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 5-3-2012 A NEW LOOK AT USER COMMITMENT TOWARDS INFORMATION SYSTEMS : EVIDENCE FROM AMAZON ' S MECHANICAL TURK

This study is concerned with the factors affecting user commitment towards an information system, and specifically explores reasons to use crowd-sourcing systems such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk. The first research objective is to integrate two frameworks of user commitment into one unified framework, resolving differences in terminology and bringing the different bases of commitment into line. The findings demonstrate that, although five bases of commitment have been identified in theory, only four bases can be distinctively identified through empirical research. These bases are internalisation, affection, compliance, and calculation. The second objective is to understand which of the bases of commitment in this unified framework are most material in understanding behavioural intention to use an information system. The findings highlight the importance of perceived sacrifices of non-use (calculative commitment). This study is among the first studies to use Amazon's Mechanical Turk crowd-sourcing platform in information systems research, and offers an additional methodological contribution by developing a procedure to detect Mechanical Turk respondents that do not take crowd-sourcing tasks seriously.