Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity and Transmission of H5 and H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Mallards

ABSTRACT Wild aquatic birds have been associated with the intercontinental spread of H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (Gs/GD) lineage during 2005, 2010, and 2014, but dispersion by wild waterfowl has not been implicated with spread of other HPAI viruses. To better understand why Gs/GD H5 HPAI viruses infect and transmit more efficiently in waterfowl than other HPAI viruses, groups of mallard ducks were challenged with one of 14 different H5 and H7 HPAI viruses, including a Gs/GD lineage H5N1 (clade 2.2) virus from Mongolia, part of the 2005 dispersion, and the H5N8 and H5N2 index HPAI viruses (clade 2.3.4.4) from the United States, part of the 2014 dispersion. All virus-inoculated ducks and contact exposed ducks became infected and shed moderate to high titers of the viruses, with the exception that mallards were resistant to Ck/Pennsylvania/83 and Ck/Queretaro/95 H5N2 HPAI virus infection. Clinical signs were only observed in ducks challenged with the H5N1 2005 virus, which all died, and with the H5N8 and H5N2 2014 viruses, which had decreased weight gain and fever. These three viruses were also shed in higher titers by the ducks, which could facilitate virus transmission and spread. This study highlights the possible role of wild waterfowl in the spread of HPAI viruses. IMPORTANCE The spread of H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the Gs/GD lineage by migratory waterfowl is a serious concern for animal and public health. H5 and H7 HPAI viruses are considered to be adapted to gallinaceous species (chickens, turkeys, quail, etc.) and less likely to infect and transmit in wild ducks. In order to understand why this is different with certain Gs/GD lineage H5 HPAI viruses, we compared the pathogenicity and transmission of several H5 and H7 HPAI viruses from previous poultry outbreaks to Gs/GD lineage H5 viruses, including H5N1 (clade 2.2), H5N8 and H5N2 (clade 2.3.4.4) viruses, in mallards as a representative wild duck species. Surprisingly, most HPAI viruses examined in this study replicated well and transmitted among mallards; however, the three Gs/GD lineage H5 HPAI viruses replicated to higher titers, which could explain the transmission of these viruses in susceptible wild duck populations.
Value of pentraxin-3 and galectin-3 in acute coronary syndrome: a short-term prospective cohort study

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Galectin-3 and pentraxin-3 are two prognostic biomarkers that have been studied in heart failure (HF). However, there are limited data on these biomarkers in the ACS population. The objective of the study was to determine the variables that are most affected by high concentrations of pentraxin-3 and galectin-3, and the influence they have on outcomes of all-cause mortality in patients with ACS. Methods: We included a total of 160 patients [ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI),n = 64; non STEMI/unstable angina (NSTEMI/UA), n = 38; and control subjects with chronic stable angina (CSA)/microvascular angina (MVA) n = 58]. Plasma pentraxin-3 and galectin-3 levels were assessed from these patients at the time of hospital admission. Major adverse cardiovascular events including all-cause mortality, rehospitalizations and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were assessed at 6 months. Results: The median concentration of pentraxin-3 and galectin-3 were significantly higher in STEMI than in NSTEMI patients (p < 0.005) or controls (p < 0.005). Greater numbers of deaths (4 versus 0) were observed in STEMI patients with higher levels of these biomarkers. In addition, ACS patients with high levels of pentraxin-3 and galectin-3 had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p < 0.005), and a moderate correlation was observed between LVEF and pentraxin-3 levels (r = -0.45, p < 0.005). Patients with higher galectin-3 levels were also observed to have a lower estimated glomerular fraction rate (eGFR), and a moderate correlation was observed between them (r = -0.34, p < 0.005). Conclusion: Pentraxin-3 and galectin-3 hold much promise in the ACS population as prognostic biomarkers.
The reverse shoulder prosthesis for glenohumeral arthritis associated with severe rotator cuff deficiency. a minimum two-year follow-up study of sixty patients surgical technique.

BACKGROUND Patients who have pain and dysfunction from glenohumeral arthritis associated with severe rotator cuff deficiency have few treatment options. The goal of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the short-term results of arthroplasty with use of the Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis in the management of this problem. METHODS We report the results for sixty patients (sixty shoulders) with a rotator cuff deficiency and glenohumeral arthritis who were followed for a minimum of two years. Thirty-five patients had no previous shoulder surgery, whereas twenty-three had had either an open or arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, one had had a subacromial decompression, and one had had a biceps tendon repair. All patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scoring system for pain and function and with visual analog scales for pain and function. They were also asked to rate their satisfaction with the outcome. The shoulder range of motion was measured preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS The average age of the patients was seventy-one years. The average duration of follow-up was thirty-three months. All measures improved significantly (p < 0.0001). The mean total score on the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons system improved from 34.3 to 68.2; the mean function score, from 16.1 to 29.4; and the mean pain score, from 18.2 to 38.7. The score for function on the visual analog scale improved from 2.7 to 6.0, and the score for pain on the visual analog scale improved from 6.3 to 2.2. Forward flexion increased from 55.0 degrees to 105.1 degrees , and abduction increased from 41.4 degrees to 101.8 degrees . Forty-one of the sixty patients rated the outcome as good or excellent; sixteen were satisfied, and three were dissatisfied. There were a total of thirteen complications in ten patients (17%). Seven patients (12%) had eight failures, requiring revision surgery to another Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis in five patients (one shoulder had two revisions) and revision to a hemiarthroplasty in two patients because of deep infection. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study suggest that arthroplasty with the Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis may be a viable treatment for patients with glenohumeral arthritis and a massive rotator cuff tear. However, future studies will be necessary to determine the longevity of the implant and whether it will provide continued improvement in function.
Use of Cell Phone by Farmers and its Implication on Farmers- Production Capacity in Oyo State Nigeria

Abstract—Relevant agricultural information disseminator (extension agent) ratio of 1:3500 farm families which become a menace to agricultural production capacity in developing countries necessitate this study. Out of 4 zones in the state, 24 extension agents in each zone, 4 extension agents using cell phones and 120 farmers using cell phone and 120 other farmers not using cell phone were purposively selected to give 240 farmers that participated in the research. Data were collected using interview guide and analysized using frequency, percentage and t-test. Frequency of contact with agricultural information centers revealed that cell phone user farmers had greater means score of X 41.43 contact as against the low mean X19.32 contact recorded by farmers receiving agricultural information from extension agents not using cell phone and their production was statistically significant at P < 0.05. Usage of cell phone increase extension agent contact and increase farmers’ production capacity.
Emotions' Impact On Tourists' Satisfaction with Ski Resorts: The Mediating Role of Perceived Value

ABSTRACT Emotions have been shown to play an important role in consumers' evaluation of their consumption experiences, including extended multiple-encounter touristic ones. The present research investigates the emotions used in the evaluation of customers' experience at a ski resort and how these emotions drive customers' satisfaction. Two quantitative studies are conducted in the French Alps and the data analyzed with descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The findings uncover the importance of three emotions—joy, excitement, and peacefulness—and a strong mediating role of overall perceived value between consumption emotions and satisfaction. Emotions related to “surprise” play no significant role in the evaluation of the ski resort experience. The present findings suggest that managers should focus on staging customers' stay at the resort to stimulate an emotional experience and position their packages based on the promise of such emotional experiences.
Multiplex PCR for the detection of tetracycline resistant genes.

Specific primer pairs were selected for the PCR amplification of 14 tetracycline resistant genes commonly found in Gram positive and Gram negative organisms. Combinations of primer pairs were used in multiplex PCR reactions to detect specific groups of tet genes as follows; Group I tet (B), tet (C), tet (D); Group II tet (A), tet (E), tet (G); Group III tet (K), tet (L), tet (M), tet (O), tet (S); Group IV tetA (P), tet (Q), tet (X). To test the multiplex PCR, Groups I and II were used on 25 clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Group III primers were used to investigate 19 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Multiplex PCR should result in significant savings in terms of labour and cost in analysis of a large number of strains when compared with using an individual PCR for targeting each gene. It may also be a useful method to differentiate the types of tetracycline resistance when used as an additional marker for the purpose of outbreak investigation and surveillance.
On metric convexity, the discrete Hahn-Banach theorem, separating systems and sets of points forming only acute angles

This text has three parts. The first one is largely autobiographical, hence my use of the first person. There I recall how Gerard Cohen influenced important parts of my research. The second is of a more classic mathematical nature. I present a discrete analogue of the Hahn-Banach theorem, which serves as a basis for generalising the notion of separating systems in the context of metric convexity. The third one aims at building a bridge between two communities of researchers, those interested in separating systems, and those interested in a certain question in combinatorial geometry - sets of points forming only acute angles - who seem not to be aware of each other, while they are working on precisely the same problem! Of course, these three themes are closely intertwined.
Much ado about nothing: the misestimation and overinterpretation of violent video game effects in eastern and western nations: comment on Anderson et al. (2010).

The issue of violent video game influences on youth violence and aggression remains intensely debated in the scholarly literature and among the general public. Several recent meta-analyses, examining outcome measures most closely related to serious aggressive acts, found little evidence for a relationship between violent video games and aggression or violence. In a new meta-analysis, C. A. Anderson et al. (2010) questioned these findings. However, their analysis has several methodological issues that limit the interpretability of their results. In their analysis, C. A. Anderson et al. included many studies that do not relate well to serious aggression, an apparently biased sample of unpublished studies, and a "best practices" analysis that appears unreliable and does not consider the impact of unstandardized aggression measures on the inflation of effect size estimates. They also focused on bivariate correlations rather than better controlled estimates of effects. Despite a number of methodological flaws that all appear likely to inflate effect size estimates, the final estimate of r = . 15 is still indicative of only weak effects. Contrasts between the claims of C. A. Anderson et al. (2010) and real-world data on youth violence are discussed.
Informed choice and decision making in women offered cell‐free DNA prenatal genetic screening

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Easten Hospital, Hong Kong *Correspondence to: Tsz-Kin Lo. E-mail: lo_tsz_kin@yahoo.com. hk
Effect of Hand Thinning on Maturity, Yield and Fruit Quality of Peach (Prunus Persica Batsch.) CV. Flordaprince

“Studies on the time of hand thinning on Flordaprince cultivar pf peach Prunus persica Batsch)” were carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 1998 and 1999. Hand thinning treatments performed at different stages viz. at pink bud, full bloom, fruit set and after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days of fruit set along with control. The fruit maturity was advanced by 2 to 8 days when hand thinning was done either at pink bud or full bloom or fruit set stage. The yield was significantly higher in control as compared to all other treatments. A significant improvement in fruit weight was observed in the first three treatments as compared to others. Total soluble solids, and total sugars were recorded to be the highest in hand thinning when done at full bloom, higher TSS/acid ratio and lowest acidity was recorded in the treatment of hand thinning done at fruit set stage.
Sexism and Eating Disorders: Gender differences, changes with age, and relations between both constructs

Concern about the prevalence of sexism and eating disorders (EDs) underlies this study, which had two goals: 1) To analyze gender differences and changes with age in sexism and in eating disorders (EDs) (DT-drive for thinness, BN-bulimia, BD-body dissatisfaction); and 2) to explore the relations between sexism and EDs. The sample comprised 941 students from 14 to 25 years old. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (Garner, 1990) were applied. The results confirm that males score significantly higher in sexism. Females score significantly higher in DT, BN, BD. Sexism decreased with age. BN increased with age, DT and BD did not vary, whereas some psychological traits (perfectionism, maturity fears, impulsivity, and social insecurity) decreased with age. Positive correlations between sexism and DT, fear of maturity, asceticism, and impulsivity were found.
Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women in Delhi, India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women in reproductive age. Surveillance studies on bacterial vaginosis are mostly based on specialist clinic settings. As few population-based prevalence surveys of bacterial vaginosis have been conducted, we studied the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the urban and rural communities in Delhi, and to associate the presence of bacterial vaginosis with demographic profile, risk factors and presence of other reproductive tract infections (RTIs)/ sexually transmitted infections (STIs). METHODS Vaginal specimens for Gram-stain evaluation of vaginal flora for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and culture of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp, blood samples for HIV and syphilis serology, and urine for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were collected from women (15-49 yr) from rural and urban areas. Information on demographic characteristics, risk factors and clinical symptoms was obtained. RESULTS Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 70 (32.8%) subjects. A high percentage though asymptomatic (31.2%) were found to have bacterial vaginosis. Highest prevalence was seen in urban slum (38.6%) followed by rural (28.8%) and urban middle class community (25.4%). All women with vaginal trichomoniasis were found to have bacterial vaginosis while 50 per cent of subjects having syphilis also had bacterial vaginosis. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The study showed high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis. The asymptomatic women having bacterial vaginosis are less likely to seek treatment for the morbidity and thus are more likely to acquire other STIs. Women attending various healthcare facilities should be screened and treated for bacterial vaginosis to reduce the risk of acquisition of other STIs.
A Meta-Analytic Assessment of the Effect of Immigration on Wages

In our increasingly interconnected and open world, international migration is becoming an important socio-economic phenomenon for many countries. Since the early 1980s, many studies have been undertaken of the impact of immigration on host labour markets. Borjas (2003) noted that the estimated effect of immigration on the wage of native workers varies widely from study to study and sometimes even within the same study. In addition, these effects cluster around zero. Such a small effect is a rather surprising outcome, given that in a closed competitive labour market an increase in labour supply may be expected to exert a downward pressure on wages. We revisit this issue by applying meta-analytic techniques to a sample of eighteen papers_new, which altogether generated 348 estimates of the percentage change in the wage of a native worker with respect to a one percentage point increase in the ratio of immigrants over native workers. While many studies in our sample employ US data, estimates are also obtained from Germany, The Netherlands, France, Norway, Austria, Israel and Australia. Our analysis shows that results vary across countries and are inter alia related to the type of modelling approach. Technical issues such as publication bias and quality of the estimates are addressed as well. A negative but small effect of immigration on wages of native groups with similar skills appears rather robust.
The Direct Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Target Fasting-induced Adipose Factor (FIAF/PGAR/ANGPTL4) Is Present in Blood Plasma as a Truncated Protein That Is Increased by Fenofibrate Treatment*

The fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF, ANGPTL4, PGAR, HFARP) was previously identified as a novel adipocytokine that was up-regulated by fasting, by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, and by hypoxia. To further characterize FIAF, we studied regulation of FIAF mRNA and protein in liver and adipose cell lines as well as in human and mouse plasma. Expression of FIAF mRNA was up-regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARβ/δ agonists in rat and human hepatoma cell lines and by PPARγ and PPARβ/δ agonists in mouse and human adipocytes. Transactivation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gel shift experiments identified a functional PPAR response element within intron 3 of the FIAF gene. At the protein level, in human and mouse blood plasma, FIAF was found to be present both as the native protein and in a truncated form. Differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes was associated with the production of truncated FIAF, whereas in human white adipose tissue and SGBS adipocytes, only native FIAF could be detected. Interestingly, truncated FIAF was produced by human liver. Treatment with fenofibrate, a potent PPARα agonist, markedly increased plasma levels of truncated FIAF, but not native FIAF, in humans. Levels of both truncated and native FIAF showed marked interindividual variation but were not associated with body mass index and were not influenced by prolonged semistarvation. Together, these data suggest that FIAF, similar to other adipocytokines such as adiponectin, may partially exert its function via a truncated form.
The Empiricism of Avicenna

The core of the article presents a systematic survey of Avicenna's empirical epistemology on the basis of his texts (for related subjects also discussed see the table of contents below). The human rational soul, upon its first creation, is absolutely potential, a tabula rasa. As the child grows up, experience (musāhada) provides him with information about the sensibles through the senses (hiss), from which he abstracts (tajrīd) intelligible concepts, and about himself and the operations of his soul through reflection (i'tibār). The natural operation of his mind (fitra) sorts out the concepts so developed and classifies and orders them according to notions of whether they are particular or general, essential or accidental; it invests them with mutual relations like those of affirmation and negation; and then combines them to form definitions and primary and self-evident propositions which constitute the logical and mathematical framework of thinking. Once these primary notions (awwaliyyāt) are acquired at the stage Avicenna calls dispositional intellect (al-'aql bi-l-malaka), and with further input from the senses, both external and internal, the intellect acquires other intelligibles through syllogistic thinking and the discovery of middle terms (hads), attaining the stages of actual and acquired intellect (al-'aql bi-l-fi'l , al-mustafād). With the help of the empirical datum of one's existence and then the realization of the existence of existence as such, the intellect is able to establish the existence of the necessary existent and of the immaterial substance of his self. In all these operations the function of the intellect is procedural; in itself it has no innate or a priori contents. The texts where Avicenna presents these theories are compared throughout with parallel passages from the work of John Locke, which show a striking similarity to them. The article concludes with a terminological study on the terms tajrīd, tajriba, musāhada, and ma'nā as used by Avicenna.
Frequency and genotype distribution of hepatitis delta virus in HBsAg Southeast of IRAN

Delta Virus (HDV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) have been identified In this study, 400 HBsAg-positive patients referred to the -nested PCR (RT-nested PCR) was performed. HDV genotype tests. To confirm the genotype, the seven patients have positive HDV RNA. After PCR pe of HDV, all polymorphisms were shown to be genotype I. : Hepatitis Delta virus, HBs-Ag, HDV genotype -kDa (Lwithin a genotype is 10-15 percent, while the rate is 40% for the different isolates(Gondert et al., 2006). HDV requires the help of HBV for viral assembly and transmission. HDV clinical signs are varied from a mild to chronic hepatitis or acute hepatitis. Hepatitis D infection may occur in two forms: The co and D and acute hepatitis D infection in chronic carriers of hepatitis B (super-infection)(Braga et al., 2014; Liao et al., 2014). In co-infection, the HDV acquires the helper function of HBV surface proteins (pre mature and achieve further penetration into hepatocytes , Mohammad 6
Accelerated nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging through phase multiplexing

We report a method for accelerated nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance imaging by detecting several signals in parallel. Our technique relies on phase multiplexing, where the signals from different nuclear spin ensembles are encoded in the phase of an ultrasensitive magnetic detector. We demonstrate this technique by simultaneously acquiring statistically polarized spin signals from two different nuclear species (1H, 19F) and from up to six spatial locations in a nanowire test sample using a magnetic resonance force microscope. We obtain one-dimensional imaging resolution better than 5 nm, and subnanometer positional accuracy.