Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA AND METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE INFECTING HYPOTHENEMUS HAMPEI ( COLEOPTERA : SCOLYTIDAE ) POPULATIONS EMERGING FROM FALLEN COFFEE BERRIES

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil sprays of the entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on coffee berry borer (cbb) adults, Hypothenemus hampei , emerging from fallen berries through time. Each fungus was applied to a plot 5000 m 2 in size of the Colombian variety in the third harvest year. The experimental plot was formed with 9 trees, and the experimental unit was the central tree. In this tree all the green uninfested berries were left and the whole tree covered with a screen cage to avoid further cbb infestation or escape. Nine treatments replicated ten times were arranged in a complete randomized design. Conidia of each fungus were suspended in emulsified oil and water and applied on the base of the trees at a dosage of 1 ́ 10 9 conidia/tree. Under each experimental tree 350 cbb-infested coffee berries were placed on the soil to serve as a source for aerial infestation of the trees. Infested berries were applied the same day of the spray and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after fungus application. Results showed that infection levels of both fungi on cbb were the highest during the first five days after application, reaching nearly 30% for B. bassiana and 11% for M. anisopliae . However, the infection decreased for 20 days but peaked again at 25 days post-treatment with 24.3% for B. bassiana and 7.7% for M. anisopliae. These results are explained by the formation of propagules in the soil by these fungi, due probably to the accumulation of infective conidia on infected insects which infect other insects leaving the fruits. The two species were recovered from the soil even after two months and fluctuation in numbers of colony forming units was attributed to the rainfall during the study period and the fungus conidiation. B. bassiana was shown to be more infective than M. anisopliae , considering that the latter is more frequently associated to soil habitats. The authors believe efficiency of these fungi can be increased if improvements are made to the formulations, e.g., using a granulated formulation to avoid leaching of the conidia from the soil during heavy rainy seasons. During this study it was found that H. hampei is a new host of Paecilomyces lilacinus .
(E)-2-Benzylidenecycloalkanones XII.* Kinetic Measurement of Bovine and Human Serum Albumine Interaction with Selected Chalcones and Their Cyclic Chalcone Analogues by UV Spectrophotometry

UV-VIS spectroscopic investigations of interaction of bovine and human serum albumin with selected chalcones (1) and their cyclic chalcone analogues: (E)-2-(4’-X-benzylidene-1-tetralones (3), benzosuberones (4) with dimethylamino and methoxy substituents and (E)-2-(2’,4’-dimethox- ybenzylidene)-1-indanone (2) were performed in polar respiration medium. Absorption maxima of the tested compounds were investigated in the presence of bovine and human serum albumin at the 0, 10, 30 and 60 minute timepoints of the interaction. The absorbance of all studied compounds in the presence of proteins decreased after one hour of the reaction. Molecule 4a showed the strongest and fastest kinet initial interaction with both albumins.
A Possible Mechanism for the Eye Rotation of Typhoon Herb

An elliptical eye that rotated cyclonically with a period of approximately 144 minutes in Typhoon Herb 1996 was documented. The elliptical region had a semimajor axis of 30 km and a semiminor axis of 20 km. Two complete periods of approximately 144 min were observed in the Doppler radar data. The rotation of the elliptical eye in the context of barotropic dynamics at three levels were explored: linear waves on a Rankin vortex, a nonlinear Kirchhoff vortex, and with a nonlinear spectral model. The linear wave theory involves the existence of both the high (potential) vorticity gradient near the eye edge and the cyclonic mean tangential ﬂow in the typhoon. The propagation of (potential) vorticity waves in the cyclonic mean ﬂow makes the elliptical eye rotate cyclonically. The rotation period is longer than the period of a parcel trajectory moving in the cyclonic mean ﬂow around the circumference, because the vorticity wave propagates upwind. The nonlinear theory stems from the rotation of Kirchhoff’s vortex. Estimates of the eye rotation period from both linear and nonlinear theories agree with observations of the eye rotation period when the observed maximum wind from Herb is used. Nonlinear numerical computations suggest the importance of the interaction of neutral vorticity waves, which determine the shape and the rotation period of the eye. The calculations also support the rotation of the eye in approximately 144 min in the presence of axisymmetrization, vorticity redistribution, wave breaking, and vortex merging processes.
Evaluation of legumes as a substrate for probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

The aim of this study was to evaluate suitability of legumes as carriers for probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, leading to the development of new probiotic foods for consumers who have to restrict or dislike dairy products. The growth and metabolic activity of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during fermentation of waterbased leguminous porridges, prepared from soy bean, soy flour, green lentil, husked lentil, white bean, speckled bean, red bean, yellow pea, chickpea, and chickpea flour, were monitored. Viable cell counts, pH values, and contents of organic acids were analysed during static fermentation of autoclaved substrates at 37 °C for 48 h. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was able to grow up to the counts higher than 6 log CFU g–1 (measured values in the range of 7.8–8.9 log CFU g–1), which is legislative limit for labelling food as probiotic. pH values of fermented substrates varied between 4.0–6.0, concentration of lactic acid ranged from 99.9 to 687.7 mg kg–1, and level of ace.
Effect of Operating Temperature on Individual Half-Cell Reactions in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Systematic steady-state measurements were performed in order to investigate the effect of operating temperature on the individual half-cell reactions in all vanadium redox flow cells. Results confirm that the kinetic losses are dominated by the negative half-cell reaction. Steady-state polarization and AC impedance measurements allowed for extraction of kinetic parameters (exchange current densities, activation energy) of the corresponding half-cell reaction.
CSU-CHILL polarimetric radar measurements from a severe hail storm in eastern Colorado

Abstract Polarimetric radar measurements made by the recently upgraded CSU-CHILL radar system in a severe hailstorm are analyzed permitting for the first time the combined use of Zh, ZDR, linear depolarization ratio (LDR), KDP, and ρhυ to infer hydrometeor types. A chase van equipped for manual collection of hail, and instrumented with a rain gauge, intercepted the storm core for 50 min. The period of golfball-sized hail is easily distinguished by high LDR (greater than or equal to −18 dB), negative ZDR (less than or equal to −0.5 dB), and low ρhυ (less than or equal to 0.93) values near the surface. Rainfall accumulation over the entire event (about 40 mm) estimated using KDP is in excellent agreement with the rain gauge measurement. Limited dual-Doppler synthesis using the CSU-CHILL and Denver WSR-88D radars permit estimates of the horizontal convergence at altitudes less than 3 km above ground level (AGL) at 1747 and 1812 mountain daylight time (MDT). Locations of peak horizontal convergence at these t.
Neuropsychological Performance in Remitted Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Case-Control Study

Background: Neurocognitive deficits in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) might hamper social readjustment and impede full recovery. Their reversibilityafter remission remains controversial.Diverge results are mainly explained by methodological biases.The aim of the present study was to (1) examine the cognitive performance in a well-defined homogenous group of MDD patients in remitted state and to (2) determine clinical features associated with cognitive deficits. Methods : We recruited thirty outpatients meeting the DSM-IV criteria of former MDD, 18 to 60 years-old, free from axis-I comorbid disorders and regularly consulting in the psychiatry department of Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia. Patients were in state of clinical remission for at least three months with HDRS score below 7 at the time of assessment. They were compared to thirty control subjects matched for age, sex, level of instruction and IQ. Participants were assessed for attention and processing-speed, working memory, verbal fluency, non-verbal memoryand executive functions. Results: Remitted MDD patients displayed cognitive dysfunction in attention and processing-speed, non-verbal memory and executive functions. Patients with a single depressive episode showed a general intact cognitive performance. A positive correlation was found between number of previous depressive episodes and longer duration of the illness respectively with attention and processing-speed, mental flexibility and non-verbal memory performance. Conclusions: Our results further reinforce the hypothesis of long-lasting cognitive impairment in remitted MDD patients.Findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction cannot be considered as trait marker but appears to be sensitive to depressive recurrence.
LABOUR MARKET EFFECTS OF FLEXICURITY FROM A REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE

One of the main questions for politicians is how to introduce more flexibility in the labour market while still providing employees with ample social security. The concept of flexicurity has sprung to attention through its success in Denmark. This paper explores whether the Danish model can also be successful in other European countries. A simultaneous equations model is constructed and estimated using regional data, which is an extension of the Blanchard-Katz model developed in 1992. It is found that a European country such as the Netherlands can permanently lower its unemployment rate and increase its participation and employment growth rates at the regional level, by 1.47, 2.08 and 1.05 percentage points respectively, if it copies the Danish model. Copyright (c) 2009 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.
CURVE is the Institutional Repository for Coventry University Methane emissions from oil and gas transport facilities – exploring innovative ways to mitigate environmental consequences

Climate change impacts are increasingly becoming more evident through heavy rainfall episodes and subsequent flooding, elevation of mean annual temperature, heat waves and so on. Methane is a significant greenhouse gas that has been linked to these climate change impacts and the oil and gas industry is a major source of anthropogenic methane emission. Recent studies have suggested that the tropical regions (e.g. Nigeria) hold some unexpectedly high methane concentrations and that the recent changes in the global methane burden is poorly understood, partly because methane monitoring outside the major nations is rare. Therefore, this paper presents a first effort to quantify methane emissions from one of the most vulnerable oil and gas infrastructures in Nigeria (a tropical rainforest country and the largest oil and gas producer in Africa). A combination of the IPCC tier-1 approach and an adapted GREET model was used to estimate methane emissions from the system 2C pipeline. We tested the hypothesis of no significant change in methane emission trend from the pipeline over a six-year period using the between group t test inferential analysis. Key findings include: (a) a crude oil throughput of 8.7 to 238 (10 3 m 3 ) emitted methane ranging from 4,734 x 10 -8 to 1,288 x 10 -6 (Gg) respectively, with a cumulative methane release of 1,149 x 10 -6 (Gg) in January 2005 to 4,397 x 10 -5 (Gg) in December 2012; and (b) surprisingly, methane emissions along the system 2C transport pipeline seem to have continued without significant change (p = 0.7327 at 95% confidence interval) between 2005, and 2008 to 2012 despite the low crude oil throughput in 2009. This article has provided some first estimates of methane release from oil and gas infrastructure in Nigeria, and indicated the likelihood of continuous but rising methane emissions, as suggested by recent international studies. These findings are unique and contribute to the current debate on methane emissions from the largely unmonitored tropical region of which Nigeria is key. Therefore, we recommend that stakeholders should set up and agree a study plan for the identification and continuous monitoring of methane emissions from across the key Nigerian oil and gas infrastructure. Meaningful corporate engagement in international schemes such the Natural Gas STAR program, Climate and Clean Air Coalition, Global Methane Initiative etc. would promote strategic and measurable methane reduction plans in Nigeria.
Influence of channel aspect ratio on the onset of purely-elastic flow instabilities in three-dimensional planar cross-slots

In this work, we perform creeping-flow simulations of upper-convected Maxwell and simplified Phan-Thien– Tanner fluids to study the purely-elastic steady bifurcation and transition to time-dependent flow in threedimensional planar cross-slots. By analysing the flow in geometries with aspect ratios ranging from the near Hele-Shaw flow like limit, up to the very deep, two-dimensional limit, we are able to characterize the mechanism of the cross-slot bifurcation with significant detail. We conclude that the bifurcation mechanism is similar to a buckling instability, by which fluid is redirected via paths of least resistance, resulting in the emergence of peripheral stagnation points, above and below the central stagnation point. The intake of matter at the centre via the inlet axis is thus reduced, being compensated by fluid flowing through low resistance corridors along the central vertical axis, above and below the central point. Furthermore, we propose and locally compute a modified Pakdel–McKinley criterion, thereby producing a scalar stability field and suggesting emergent peripheral stagnation points also indirectly contribute to the onset of time-dependent flow. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Single-mother poverty: how much do educational differences in single motherhood matter?

Recent research on family demography and social inequality has paid attention to the divergence in family structures by education. This research has shown how single motherhood prevalence has increased markedly among the low educated, while remaining stable at relatively low levels among the highly educated. Because single motherhood is associated with a host of economic disadvantages, these trends can amplify social inequalities. In this chapter, I use data for 15 countries from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database to analyze whether educational differences in single motherhood increase single-mother poverty, and the poverty gap between single-mother and coupled-parent households. Single-mother poverty rates and the single-mother poverty gap would both be lower in the absence of educational differences in single motherhood. However, the importance of educational differences in single motherhood is conditional on how high single-mother poverty rates are in different educational groups; educational differences in single motherhood matter less when educational differences in single-mother poverty are smaller. I conclude that social policies should aim to reduce poverty among all families. As a side-effect, educational differences in single motherhood would be less important in shaping social inequality.
Spatial variation in female southern elephant seal mass change assessed by an accurate non-invasive photogrammetry method

Abstract Physically weighing large marine mammals sequentially over time has presented researchers with a logistical challenge and has severely limited sample sizes. Using a well-established photogrammetry method we developed a simple mathematical method to calculate accurate mass measurements at specific stages in the life cycle of a top marine predator. Female southern elephant seals (n = 23) at Marion Island were sampled sequentially using photogrammetry and three-dimensional models (based on each photogrammetry project) were built for estimation of body mass. Simple equations were applied to obtain mass at critical instances in their life cycle. Marion Island elephant seal mass data was compared to data obtained from physically weighed elephant seals from King George, South Georgia and Macquarie islands. Females from Marion Island are smaller, but their percentage lactation mass loss is similar to females from these other populations. The similarity of percentage mass loss during lactation between different female populations illustrates the accuracy and practicality of the photogrammetric method over a temporal scale. Photogrammetric mass estimation can be used alongside datasets of physically weighed animals and can greatly benefit ecology and life history studies.
Optical and near-IR long-term monitoring of NGC 3783 and MR 2251−178: evidence for variable near-IR emission from thin accretion discs

We present the long-term near-IR light curves for two nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), NGC 3783 and MR 2251-178. The near-IR data are complemented by optical photometry obtained over the same period of time. The light curves in all bands are highly variable and good correlations can be seen between optical and near-IR variations. A cross-correlation analysis for NGC 3783 suggests that some disc near-IR emission is present in the J-band flux, while the H and K bands are dominated by emission from a torus located at the dust sublimation radius. For MR 2251-178 the cross-correlation analysis and the optical-near-IR flux-flux plots suggest that the near-IR flux is dominated by disc emission. We model the optical to near-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of both sources and find that disc flaring might be a necessary modification to the geometry of a thin disc in order to explain the observations. The SED of MR 2251-178 gives some indications of the presence of near-IR emission from a torus. Finally, we consider the implications of the standard alpha-disc model to explain the different origin of the variable near-IR emission in these AGN.
Effects of Salt Compensation on the Climate Model Response in Simulations of Large Changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Freshwater hosing experiments with a comprehensive coupled climate model and a coupled model of intermediate complexity are performed with and without global salt compensation in order to investigate the robustness of the bipolar seesaw. In both cases, a strong reduction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is induced, and a warming in the South Atlantic results. When a globally uniform salt flux is applied at the surface in order to keep the global mean salinity constant, this causes additional widespread warming in the Southern Ocean. It is shown that this warming is mainly due to heat transport anomalies that are induced by the specific parameterization in ocean models to represent eddy mixing. Surface salt fluxes tend to move outcropping isopycnals equatorward. As the density perturbation originates at the surface, changes in isopycnal slopes are generated that lead to anomalies in the bolus velocity field. The associated bolus heat flux convergence creates a warming enhancing the bipolar seesaw response, particularly in the Southern Ocean. The importance of this mechanism is illustrated in coupled model simulations in which this parameterization in the ocean model component is switched on or off. Additional experiments in which the same total amount of freshwater is delivered at rates 10 times smaller show that the effect of the global salt compensation is not important in this case, but that the eddy-mixing parameterization is still responsible for a substantial temperature response in the Southern Ocean.
Growth performance of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) stocked at varying densities in floating cages in Godavari Estuary,Andhra Pradesh, India

Present study was undertaken in Godavary Estuary, Andhra Pradesh for evaluation of the effect of three stocking densities on growth performance, survival and production of Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) in floating cages and for optimisation of stocking density in cage farming. Seabass fingerlings having length and weight of 8.36±0.32 cm and 8.10±0.61 g respectively, were stocked in six cages (6 m dia; 3 m net depth) at three different stocking densities of 15, 30 and 45 nos. m-3 and their growth performance was monitored every fortnight for five months. All fishes were fed with chopped trash fish @ 8 - 12% of body weight. After 150 days of grow-out culture, seabass fingerlings reached 36.0±6.0 cm in length and 690.7±41.3 g in weight at density of 15 nos. m-3, 33.9±0.4 cm and 633.2±17.9 g at density of 30 m-3 and 30.2±0.4 cm and 465.0±21.2 g at density of 45 nos. m-3. Growth was allometric and did not differ with stocking density. Survival percentage was comparatively higher at lower (87.3%) and moderate (83.9%) stocking densities, while production was higher at moderate (1363.2 kg) and higher (1258.4 kg) stocking densities (p<0.5). Gain in weight as well as specific growth rate (SGR) were higher at lower and moderate stocking densities (p<0.5). The results of the study indicated that among the three stocking densities tested, 30 nos. m-3 is superior to 15 and 45 nos. m-3, with higher yield.
Community and International nutrition Weight Gain of Kenyan School Children Infected with Hookworm , Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides Is Improved Following Once-or Twice-Yearly Treatment with Albendazole 1 ' 2

We studied growth in infected children given one dose (600 mg) or two doses of albendazole per school year. Children were examined and allocated at random within sex by descending hookworm egg count to one of three groups: placebo (n = 93), one dose (Ix, n = 96) or two doses (2x, n = 95). Each child was treated and then re-examined and treated 3.6 and 8.2 mo later (Exams 2 and 3). The Ix and 2x groups gained significantly more by Exam 3 than the placebo group in weight (1.1 and 0.9 kg more, respectively), percent weight-for-age (3.3 and 2.7 percentage points more), percent weight-for-height (3.1 and 2.9 percentage points more), percent arm circumference-for-age (2.3 and 2.0 percentage points more) and triceps and subscapular skinfolds but did not differ significantly from each other. The placebo group showed significant decreases be tween exams (P < 0.0002) in percent weight-for-age and percent arm circumference-for-age and no change in percent weight-for-height, whereas the Ix and 2x groups exhibited significant increases (P < 0.005). At Exam 3, arithmetic mean egg reduction rates for the Ix and 2x groups were 84 and 95% for hookworm, 42 and 32% for Trichuris and 55 and 87% for Ascaris, respectively. We conclude that one or two doses of albendazole per year resulted Â¡nsimilar growth improvements, despite rein fection, in school-age children Â¡nan area where these helminths and poor growth are prevalent. J. Nutr. 123: 656-665, 1993.