Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multicenter study of the lactational amenorrhea method ( LAM ) III : effectiveness , duration , and satisfaction with reduced client – provider contact 1

The objective of this effort was to assess the use and efficacy of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) with reduced numbers of client–provider contacts. A co-sponsored multicenter study of LAM was performed to test the efficacy and acceptability of the method under “post-marketing” conditions, with investigator-initiated contact occurring only twice: at the time of intake and then again at month 7 of postpartum. These data are assumed to provide an assessment of LAM’s use, efficacy, and performance that more closely reflects the prevailing conditions of these populations during normal use. Three hundred and sixty-two subjects were recruited through centers that had participated in the previous, more contact-intensive studies. Using a cooperatively developed protocol, data were gathered prospectively on at least 10 and up to 50 LAM acceptors at nine sites, and entered and cleaned on site. Data were further cleaned and analyzed at the Georgetown University Institute for Reproductive Health (IRH) and the Department of Nutrition at the University of Connecticut. Using country-level and pooled data, descriptive statistics and life tables were produced. LAM efficacy in this sample is 100% because there were no pregnancies at any of the participating sites. Satisfaction with the method was high, and the rate of continuation on to another method after LAM was 66.7% at 7 months postpartum. Of the women who had never used family planning prior to LAM, 63.0% went on to use another method of family planning in a timely manner. LAM can be highly effective as an introductory postpartum family planning method when offered in a variety of cultures, health care settings, and industrial and developing country locales. Under conditions of limited client–provider contact, LAM remains effective and leads to acceptance of another method by about two-thirds of the acceptors. Women are able to use LAM effectively without extensive counseling or follow-up, with a high level of user satisfaction. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
A long-term cooperation in education and research in the field of geodesy between KIT and UFPR

This article presents the results obtained within the international academic cooperation between Federal University of Paraná, in Brazil, and the University of Karlsruhe, in Germany. The focus was on the development of the two projects: GEOMACK-I (UNIBRAL Program), and SIRGAS Densification in Brazil with High Precision GPS Positioning, error modelling and integration of the vertical component (PROBRAL Program). Also presented is the main research developed within this cooperation. 1 The International Cooperation with UFPR From 1981 to 1983, an international agreement allowed the cooperation between Brazil and Germany and the strengthening of the Graduate Program in Geodetic Sciences (PPGCG) of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) with the support of the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) (Bähr 2005). This initiative helped to consolidate the Brazilian Graduate Program and opened the establishment of long-term technical and scientific cooperation between UFPR and German faculties. Although the contact lost intensity during the 1990s, it was intensified since 2001, expanding academic mobility to a new partner, the University of Karlsruhe (now KIT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Within a GEOMACK-1 project, one of the first projects of the so called UNIBRAL initiative of CAPES/DAAD was established. This project had the financial support of CAPES (Brazilian academic exchange service, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) and DAAD (German academic exchange service, Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst) (UNIBRAL (CAPES/DAAD) nodate) and was coordinated by Prof. Dr. Hans-Peter Bähr and Prof. Dr. Claudia Krueger. The GEOMACK-1 project included brief teaching missions of professors from Karlsruhe in Curitiba. Prof. Dr. Bernhard Heck of the Geodetic Institute of KIT was one of the German professors that showed great enthusiasm in the initiative and visited Curitiba within the project. During 2004 and 2005, he developed academic activities with active participation in the UFPR Graduate Program. After the UNIBRAL project ended, he provided the basis for a new joint project within the PROBRAL program (CAPES/DAAD) entitled „SIRGAS Densification in Brazil with High Precision GPS Positioning: error modelling and integration of the vertical component“. In the following, a summary of the results achieved in these projects coordinated by Prof. Dr. Bernhard Heck is presented. Erschienen bei KIT Scientific Publishing Schriftenreihe des Studiengangs Geodäsie und Geoinformatik 2018,1 DOI Einzelbeitrag: 10.5445/KSP/1000080228 Festschrift zur Verabschiedung von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Bernhard Heck (Schw)Ehre, wem (Schw)Ehre gebührt DOI Festschrift: 10.5445/KSP/1000080324 Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International Lizenz (CC BY-SA 4.0): https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en
“ OBSERVER EFFECT ” IN LATE 19 TH AND EARLY 20 TH CENTURY MEASUREMENTS OF VOWEL CHARACTERISTIC TONES

In the late 19 and early 20 century various tools and techniques existed for vowel characteristic tone measurements, including the use of such instruments as tuning forks and resonators. This subtle method demanding from the researcher a sensitive ear and a good training nevertheless remained subjective and depended to a great extent on the explorer’s will. Contrary to modern data descriptions, most of vowel measurements were given as precise single values and not as value areas. Thus several questions arise: what are the possible reasons underlying the choice of a concrete value by a researcher? Could this choice be deliberate? Was it due to the measuring technique imperfection? What role could tradition and psychological aspect play? In order to answer these questions, values suggested by Helmholtz, Koenig and Rousselot are analyzed in the present study in correlation with the descriptions of measurement methods existing at that time.
Unintentional Seismicity Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing normally creates only small magnitude events: the microseismicity that is often used to image the fracture growth. These weak microseismic events have magnitudes less than zero, and are often challenging to even detect on surface let alone be felt. However, concern is rising associated with hazards associated with larger magnitude events that might be felt on surface. A few cases of larger earthquakes have recently been reported. In Oklahoma, an earthquake with a magnitude of Md=2.8 (duration magnitude estimated from the seismogram coda) may have been related to hydraulic fracturing (Holland, 2011). In the UK during April and May of 2011, hydraulic fracturing near Preese Hall resulted in an event with magnitude ML=2.3 (local magnitude scale) and later another ML=1.5 (de Pater and Baisch, 2011). Between 2009 and 2011, 38 earthquakes including a ML=3.8 resulted from hydraulic fracturing in the Horn River Basin shale gas reservoir in north-east British Columbia, Canada (BCOGC, 2012). No physical damage or injury was reported for any of these cases, although public attention in the UK case did result in a temporary hydraulic fracturing moratorium. The UK moratorium was eventually lifted after detailed studies and recommendations for seismic monitoring with operational protocols tied into a ‘traffic light’ system, using magnitude levels of any seismicity associated with future developments.
One-Shot Scene-Specific Crowd Counting

We consider the problem of crowd counting in static images. Given an image, the goal is to estimate a density map of this image, where each value in the density map indicates the density level of the corresponding location in the image. In particular, we consider a novel problem setting which we call the one-shot scene-speciﬁc crowd counting. During training, we assume that we have labeled images collected from different scenes. Each scene corresponds to a camera at a ﬁxed location and angle. Given a target scene, we assume that we have one single labeled image collected from that scene. Our goal is to adapt the crowd counting model to this speciﬁc scene based on this single example. We argue that this setting is more realistic in terms of deploying crowd counting algorithms in real-world applications. We propose a novel one-shot learning approach for learning how to adapt to a target scene using one labeled example. Our experiment results demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms other alternative methods.
Household Social Environmental Influences on African-American Adolescents' Smoking Habits

Because most smokers begin smoking during adolescence and because there are few studies that focus on African-American adolescent’s smoking behavior, the purpose of this study was to determine if a significant difference exists in the prevalence of smoking between African-American adolescent teens living with household members who smoke and those living with household members who do not smoke. The subjects in this study were 585 adolescents (342 females and 243 males) who received services at the Center Hill Health Center from 2001 to 2004. The data was collected from the medical records of the clients selected for this study. The data in this study was analyzed using chi square tests of independence. The first analysis revealed that a significant difference existed between the smoking status of the household members of adolescents who were smokers compared to those who where non- smokers (χ 2 = 14.58, df = 1, p < .05.).
EFFECT or DIFFERENT SOILS ON AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION LOSSES FROM SURFACE APPLIED UREA GRANULES

High initial soil pH has been reported by many workers to lead to high NH, losses due to its influence on the NH3/NH4 equilibria (Ernst and Massey, 1960; Ferguson et al., 1984). High urease activity increases the rate of urea hydrolysis and thus increases the solution concentration of NH3. Reynolds and Wolf (1987) recently reported that the H* ion buffering capacity of the soil was strongly related to NH j volatilization loss and attributed this to the ability of a well buffered soil to resist an increase in pH following the hydrolysis of urea.
Skew-free 1-to-32 Optical Clock Distribution on Adhesively Bonded Silicon Nanomembrane

Silicon photonics is a promising solution for on-chip optical clock distribution. We developed an adhesive bonding process to integrate silicon nanomembranes onto silicon chips. The single-mode strip waveguide fabricated on this adhesively bonded silicon membrane has a propagation loss of 4.3 dB/cm. A grating-coupled 1-to-32 H-tree optical distribution is experimentally demonstrated. Each branch includes 1.1 cm long strip waveguides, five Y-splitters, and three 90° bends. This optical distribution has a insertion loss of 13.9 dB, a uniformity of 0.72 dB, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 880 GHz determined by optical autocorrelation.
Hydration, thirst and fluid balance in resting and exercising individuals

Adequate fluid consumption is central to human survival. Previous literature suggests that there some misconceptions regarding hydration and fluid balance in some populations. Available data also show that the role of thirst sensations in maintaining fluid balance in different settings is also equivocal. Therefore, this thesis aimed to examine the perception of hydration, thirst and fluid intake in freeliving populations, to examine the feasibility of thirst as a marker of hydration status and to investigate the effect of thirst related sensations on fluid balance in resting and exercising individuals under different ambient temperatures. The findings in this thesis (Chapter 3) show that individuals who work within the fitness industry demonstrated substantial knowledge about drinking practices, hydration status and health consequences of water consumption, but lack understanding on the type of beverages that adequately hydrate the body. Further, thirst perception and mood states did not affect (P>0.05) the fluid intake in free living individuals (Chapter 4) and resting individuals under cool and warm exposure (Chapter 6), but some other factors such as subjective feelings of mouth dryness and the extent of hydration status might influence the fluid intake behaviour in these populations. In addition, following ingestion of flavoured carbohydrate drinks, thirst sensations was rated lower over time (P<0.05) during exercise in the cool, but was higher over time in the warm temperature (Chapter 7). Moreover, subjective feelings related to dehydration such as mouth dryness, thirst perception, desire to drink (water pleasantness) and hunger rating could be used as index of hydration status to signify at least a 1% body mass loss due to food and fluid restriction in resting individuals (Chapter 5). In conclusion, the findings in this thesis provide some new insight with respect to hydration, thirst and fluid balance in different populations under different settings. Nevertheless, some inconclusive findings regarding the role of thirst related sensations in fluid balance require further investigations.
POSSIBLE FUTURE PATHWAYS 4 LInkIng gLOBAL TO LOcAL USIng mULTI-ScALE ScEnARIOS 4 LInkIng gLOBAL TO LOcAL USIng mULTI-ScALE ScEnARIOS oriented research

The chapter focuses on how global and local forest sector issues can be linked to each other and how futures or foresight work can act as capacity-building tools for this. In particular, we focus on the multi-scale participatory scenario (MSPS) approach, showing how it has been used for this purpose and what it could offer for the forest sector to better link the global and local scales. The chapter is not a “review” article of MSPS but rather introduces the approach, presents practical examples of it, and elaborates the advantages and disadvantages of the approach. The purpose is also to illustrate how it may work as a capacity-building tool for futures thinking in SFM. Finally, research and policy implications are presented.
Evaluation of Late-Maturing Peach and Nectarine Fruit Quality by Chemical, Physical, and Sensory Determinations

In this work, both analytical and sensory determinations were carried out to evaluate the quality of yellow (‘Summerset‘, ‘Tardiva 2000‘, ‘Fairtime”, ‘Guglielmina’) and white flesh (‘Daniela’) late-ripening peach and nectarine (‘California’ and ‘Fairlane’) cultivars. Analytical measurements included weight, diameter, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH, and peel color. To describe and quantify the peach and nectarine sensory profile, a panel of 10 judges generated 15 descriptors. According to univariate analysis of fruit quality attributes, ‘Fairtime’, ‘Summerset, ‘Daniela’, and ‘California’ produced large and attractive fruits with an extensive red peel color. On the other hand, ‘Guglielmina’, ‘Daniela’, ‘Tardiva 2000’, and ‘Fairlane’ produced superior quality fruit in terms of soluble solids, titratable acidity, sweetness, and flavor. The white flesh peach ‘Daniela’ produced fruits with the best balance between external and internal quality. Cluster analysis on standardized component coordinates from biplot analysis allowed for the identification of two main groups. One group included ‘Daniela’, ‘Guglielmin’, ‘Tardiva 2000’, and ‘Fairlane’, along with attributes that are more indicative of ripe fruit such as soluble solids, sweetness, sugar/acid, juiciness, ground color index, peel color uniformity, flesh color intensity, mealiness, peach odor and flavor, and flower odor and flavor. The other group included ‘Summerset’, ‘Fairtime’, and ‘California’ along with weight, diameter, consistency, flesh firmness, percentage of cover color, bitterness, titratable acidity, sour odor and flavor, and grassy odor and flavor. The dual approach adopted in this study indicates that cultivars with large and attractive fruits are often lacking real eating quality. This poses serious doubts on the real value of exterior appearance for recognizing high-quality peaches and nectarines.
1 Analyzing the Effect of Intraseasonal Meteorological 2 Variability and Land Cover on Aerosol-Cloud Interactions 3 during the Amazonian Biomass Burning Season 4 5

11 High resolution aerosol, cloud, water vapor, and atmospheric profile data from the Moderate 12 Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are utilized to examine the impact of 13 aerosols on clouds during the Amazonian biomass burning season in Rondônia, Brazil. It is 14 found that increasing background column water vapor (CWV) throughout this transition 15 season between the Amazon dry and wet seasons exerts a strong effect on cloud properties. 16 As a result, aerosol-cloud correlations should be stratified by column water vapor to achieve a 17 more accurate assessment of the effect of aerosols on clouds. Previous studies ignored the 18 systematic changes to meteorological factors during the transition season, leading to possible 19 misinterpretation of their results. Cloud fraction is shown generally to increase with aerosol 20 optical depth (AOD) for both low and high values of column water vapor, whereas the 21 relationship between cloud optical depth (COD) and AOD exhibits a different relationship. 22 COD increases with AOD until AOD ~ 0.25 due to the first indirect (microphysical) effect. 23 At higher values of AOD, COD is found to decrease with increasing AOD, which may be due 24 to: (1) the inhibition of cloud development by absorbing aerosols (radiative effect) and/or (2) 25 a retrieval artifact in which the measured reflectance in the visible is less than expected from a 26 cloud top either from the darkening of clouds through the addition of carbonaceous biomass 27 burning aerosols or subpixel dark surface contamination in the measured cloud reflectance. If 28 (1) is a contributing mechanism, as we suspect, then a linear relationship between the indirect 29 effect and increasing AOD, assumed in a majority of GCMs, is inaccurate since these models
ACM SRC Grand Final Paper The ClockMe System: Computer-Assisted Screening Tool for Dementia School of Interactive Computing | College of Computing | Georgia Institute of Technology

Due to the ever rapidly growing senior population, there is a strong need to develop alternatives to enhance the current cognitive screening practices. The Clock Drawing Test, a paper-and-pencil test, has been used as one of the most popular cognitive screening tools for dementia. In this paper, I present my approach to develop a computerized Clock Drawing Test, the ClockMe System. Based on my observational study of the current practice of dementia screening at a clinic, I have designed and developed the ClockMe System. This System includes two different applications (1) ClockReader for patients who take the Clock Drawing Test and (2) ClockAnalyzer for clinicians who use the CDT results to make diagnoses or to monitor patients. The preliminary study shows promise for computerized screening in clinical environments. Based on the initial study results, I have enhanced the current ClockMe System and have deployed it to conduct a three-month field study with volunteers at the Emory Alzheimer’s Research Center. The contribution of this research is the creation of a computerized screening tool that can help clinicians identify cognitive impairment through a more accessible and quick-and-easy screening process.
Employer Responses to an Ageing Workforce: a Qualitative Study

This report examines the way in which employers in England are responding to an ageing workforce. It draws on two bodies of evidence: (1) a large quantitative survey of employer behaviour conducted in 2004/05 by the National Institute of Social and Economic Research (NIESR) - the Survey of Employers Policies, Practices and Preferences (SEPP); (2) a set of 70 qualitative interviews with employers in five key sectors, conducted in 2006 by the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce (CROW).
Bacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Used as an Avian Therapy in Algeria

This study addresses the problem of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics isolated from infected chickens and the use of medicinal plants and their bioactive substances in vitro. On 75 strains isolated from a dead chickens belonging to the three families the Enterobactereaceae; the Staphylococeae; the Pseudomonaceae bacteria. The antibiogram tests were used to select ten resistant bacteria strains in this study. Ethonobotanical study was done to select the most medicinal plants used for the therapy of animals in Algeria. The essential oils of six medicinal plants were extracted by Hydro distillation (Clevenger). The plants with their yields in essential oils are: Thymus vulgaris (2.75%), Salvia officinalis (2.50%), Rosmarinus officinalis (2.43%), Thymus capitatus (1.82%), Ruta chalepensis (0.93%), Artemisia herba alba (0.90%). By measuring the activity of the oils on agar medium, this test has provided the following results: The essential oils of different plants gave the diameters of inhibition zones between 0 mm and 53.33±1.53 mm, for the 5 μl discs, and between 0 mm and 52.33±2.52 mm, for the 10 μl discs, while discs of 15 μl, those diameters vary between 0 mm and 56.67±1.15 mm. The results of MICS of oils studied are encouraging, oils of Thymus capitatus, Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis share a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 1.25 and 20 (μL.mL) with a effect bactericidal / bacteriostatic, except the oil Salvia officinalis presents a bactericidal effect. The oils of Thymus vulgaris, Artemisia herba alba and Ruta chalepensis have a MIC respectively of 1.25 to 10 (μL.mL), 5 to 40 (μL.mL), 1.25 and 40 (μL.mL). The effect is bactericidal effect for these oils.
Synchronization Techniques in Distributed Multimedia Presentation

In the last two decades, the transmission of multimedia streams using best effort network has been an attractive research area in multimedia communication. Multimedia streams have well defined temporal relations within themselves, generated when captured at the sender. At receiver these temporal relations have to be reconstructed to ensure smooth and synchronized multimedia presentation. The characteristics of best effort network –delay and jitterdegrade the temporal relations present in multimedia streams. Many methods have been proposed in order to mitigate the effect of network delay and jitter on the media streams. This paper classifies the work in the field of distributed multimedia synchronization. We have illustrated the techniques used in the three different multimedia synchronization types, namely, intra-media synchronization, inter-media synchronization and inter-destination synchronization. Keywords-distributed; multimedia; jitter; temporal relations; synchronization.
The acoustic properties of laryngeal contrast in Najdi Arabic initial stops

The aim of the present study is to investigate the acoustic properties of the laryngeal contrast in Najdi Arabic initial stops, with a particular focus on whether both voicing and aspiration are active features in the language. Temporal and spectral acoustic properties were investigated in /b, d, ɡ, t, k/ in word-initial position as produced by 12 native speakers of Najdi Arabic. The results revealed that Najdi Arabic contrasts prevoiced and aspirated stops, a rarely documented phenomenon. VOT and F0 onset were found to be robust acoustic correlates for the stop voicing contrast in the variety, showing tenseness for the voiceless set and active voicing for the voiced one. The implications of the acoustic details of laryngeal contrast in Najdi Arabic for the phonological representations are discussed, particularly in relation to the active distinctive features in the phonological system in Najdi Arabic.