Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stature and Sex Estimation Using Foot Measurements for Malays and Chinese in Malaysia

The aim of this study was to develop formulae for stature and sex estimation using foot length and foot width. A total of 150 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 30 years were recruited from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kampus Kuala Lumpur (UKMKKL). The subjects were Malays (45 males and 45 females) and Chinese (30 males and 30 females). Stature, foot length and foot width were measured using anthropometric instruments in millimetres. Statistical analysis indicated that bilateral variation of various lengths was insignificant for all the foot measurements (Foot length/FL: t(298) = -0.235, p = 0.815; Foot width/FW: t(298) = 0.932, p = 0.352). Sex differences were found to be highly significant for all the measurements (Stature/S: t(148) = 12.550, p < 0.05; FL:t(148) = 11.692, p < 0.05; FW:t(148) = 8.321, p < 0.05). Stature was highly significant in Chinese rather than Malay (t(148) = -3.103, p < 0.05) but no significant differences were found in all the foot measurements (FL: t(148) = 0.002, p = 0.999; FW:t(148) = 1.362, p = 0.175). The highest correlation was found between stature and foot length in all groups. Linear and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to develop formulae for stature estimation. However, the latter was found to be more accurate as the correlation coefficient was highest in the combination of foot length and foot width in all the formulae (S = 585.298+(4.898xFL)-(1.453xFW), F(2,149 = 149.324, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.670). Formulae for sex estimation were obtained by using the Classification Tree Analysis. Result had indicated that sex estimation formulae can help to determine the sex with 86.3-87.5% accuracy in females and 85.2-85.7% accuracy in males by using foot length while the accuracy is 68.4-76.8% in females and 77.8- 81.0% in males by using foot width.
Gene effects and combining abilities for oil content in sunflower.

Considering the worldwide importance of sunflower oil, objective of this study was to evaluate gene effects and combining abilities of six sunflower open pollinated varieties. Varieties were crossed according to incomplete diallel method and produced fifteen F1 progenies. Comparing the mean values of F1 progenies to parents mean in most cases superdominance was expressed as a mode of inheritance. Nonetheless, dominance of better parent and partial dominance of better parent were also recorded as a mode of inheritance. GCA/SCA ratio indicated greater importance of non-additive genetic component in oil content expression. The genetic variance analysis showed that dominant component was more important and dominant genes prevailed compared to recessive genes for oil content in sunflower.
DETECTION OF A DISTINCT METAL-POOR STELLAR HALO IN THE EARLY-TYPE GALAXY NGC 3115

We present the resolved stellar populations in the inner and outer halo of the nearby lenticular galaxy NGC 3115. Using deep Hubble Space Telescope observations, we analyze stars 2 mag fainter than the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB). We study three fields along the minor axis of this galaxy, 19, 37, and 54 kpc from its center—corresponding to 7, 14, and 21 effective radii (re). Even at these large galactocentric distances, all of the fields are dominated by a relatively enriched population, with the main peak in the metallicity distribution decreasing with radius from [Z/H] ∼ −0.5 to −0.65. The fraction of metal-poor stars ([Z/H] < −0.95) increases from 17% at 16–37 kpc to 28% at ∼54 kpc. We observe a distinct low-metallicity population (peaked at [Z/H] ∼ −1.3 and with total mass 2 × 1010M☉ ∼ 14% of the galaxy's stellar mass) and argue that this represents the detection of an underlying low-metallicity stellar halo. Such halos are generally predicted by galaxy formation theories and have been observed in several late-type galaxies, including the Milky Way and M31. The metallicity and spatial distribution of the stellar halo of NGC 3115 are consistent with the galaxy's globular cluster system, which has a similar low-metallicity population that becomes dominant at these large radii. This finding supports the use of globular clusters as bright chemodynamical tracers of galaxy halos. These data also allow us to make a precise measurement of the magnitude of the TRGB, from which we derive a distance modulus of NGC 3115 of 30.05 ± 0.05 ± 0.10sys (10.2 ± 0.2 ± 0.5sys Mpc).
ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE EU'S CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICITS

In this paper, we test for the stationarity of EU current account deficits. Our testing strategy addresses two key concerns with regard to unit root panel data testing, namely (i) the identification of which members-states are stationary, and (ii) the presence of cross-sectional dependence. For this purpose, we employ a moving block bootstrap approach to the Hadri (2000) test. While there is evidence that current account sustainability applies to panels comprising EU members, this is not the case when non-EU economies are considered.
Predicting Job Crafting From the Socially Embedded Perspective: The Interactive Effect of Job Autonomy, Social Skill, and Employee Status

Job crafting represents the bottom-up process of change employees make in their work boundaries and plays an important role in the management of organizational change. Following the socially embedded perspective, we examine the roles of job autonomy, social skill, and employee status in predicting job crafting. Study 1 with a sample of 509 part-time employees found that job autonomy and social skill not only directly but also interactively influenced job crafting. Study 2 with a sample of 564 full-time employees further revealed that job autonomy had a stronger impact on job crafting when employee status was high, but for those with a high level of social skill, job autonomy influenced job crafting regardless of the level of employee status. Our results suggest that managers and change agents can promote job crafting for organizational change by enhancing employees’ ability to interact with others effectively, along with the increase of job autonomy.
Liver Function Tests in Normal Pregnant Women

Changes in liver function tests (LFTs) are normal during pregnancy. However, severe liver disease, although rare, can occur and must be recognized at an early stage to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is important to differentiate between normal physiological changes and disease pathology. This review highlights the important LFT changes that take place during normal pregnancy.
The Impact of Temporary Employment on Labour Productivity: Evidence from an Industry-Level Panel of EU Countries

In recent years the availability of new industry-level data allowed to evaluate the impact of labour market policies more consistently than previous standard cross-country studies. In this paper an industry-level panel is exploited to evaluate the impact of less stringent Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) for temporary employment (TE) in EU countries. A reduced form model is estimated to identify the overall effect on labour productivity growth. The advantage of using industry-level data is fourfold. First, as in standard cross-country studies, the cross-country variation of EPL is still exploited. Second, in contrast with the cross-country analysis, the specification allows us to control for unobserved fixed effects, potentially correlated with the level of EPL. Third, as the previous literature emphasised, the within-industry “composition effect” appears to be negligible, allowing us to identify the “independent effect” of TE. Fourth, to the extent that events in a single industry are not able alone to affect the policy in a country, the specification is less subject to the simultaneity problem between variable of interest and policy. The theoretical literature on TE has not established a clear prediction on the sign of the effect, existing different convincing reasons for both directions. Thus, the results of the analysis have potentially important policy implications. Our finding is that the introduction of temporary contracts has a negative, even if small in magnitude, effect on labour productivity growth.
Service Quality, Brand Loyalty, and Profit Growth in Uk Budget Hotels

Although past studies advocate a positive impact of service quality on business performance, empirical studies investigating the nature of the relationship between service quality and profit growth in the hotel industry are limited. This study contributes to an ongoing debate as to whether service quality has a direct or indirect influence on profitability in the hotel industry. The data were collected from a national budget hotel company in the UK and the research hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling via the LISREL software. The findings of the study found that service quality had a positive influence on brand loyalty and premium price. The effect of service quality on profit growth was indirect and mediated by premium price, brand loyalty, and sales growth.
Centralized vs. Decentralized Management: An Experimental Study

We study the tradeoffs between centralized and decentralized management using a new experimental game, the decentralization game. This game models an organization with two divisions and one central manager. Each division must choose or be assigned a product type. Both divisions benefit from coordinating their product types, but each prefers to coordinate on products that are close to its local tastes. The central manager aims to maximize the sum of division payoffs. Which product type achieves this goal varies with taste shocks that are known to the divisions but not the central manager. Under centralization, the central manager assigns products to divisions after receiving the divisions’ messages about the state of the world (i.e., the taste shock); under decentralization, the divisions choose their own products. Contrary to the theory, overall performance is higher under centralization than under decentralization. Communication between divisions and suggestions from central managers modestly improves performance under decentralization. Nonetheless, centralization remains the best-performing organizational form.
Psychosocial development and driving behaviours: some results from the Australian Temperament Project

A set of items concerning road safety and driving behaviour was included in the most recent, thirteenth survey wave of the Australian Temperament Project, a large, longitudinal community study of children’s development and wellbeing from infancy to adulthood. Responses obtained during the most recent survey included self and parent reports of young people’s experiences as a learner driver, driving exposure, crash and offence experiences, and the frequency of some risky driving behaviours. A series of analyses indicated that it was possible to identify young drivers likely to engage in risky driving from data collected in mid-childhood (using teacher reports) and early adolescence (using parent and self reports). Young drivers with a tendency towards risky driving behaviours differed from others in measures of temperament (especially persistence), behaviour problems (especially aggression and hyperactivity), social competence, school adjustment, and the quality of relationships. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211985.
Compared Ultrasonographic Study of the Third and Lateral Ventricles ofNewborn at Term and of the Premature One

Aim: Define the average values of the cerebral ventricles size in ultrasonography transfontanellar in premature newborns and newborns at term in Benin environment. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study of analytical aiming. It took place over a period of 6 months, from May 1st to October 31st, 2012 at the National Hospital University Centre Koutoukou Hubert Maga in neonatal units and medical scanning. It focused on 100 newborns (subjects) including 50 premature newborns and 50 newborn at term. They all met the inclusion criteria. The cranial perimeter was also measured. Results: The average cranial perimeter in premature newborn is 31.24 ± 6.23 cm while the one of the newborn at term is 33.34 ± 4.31 cm. In cerebral ultrasonography, the average value of the lateral ventricles in premature newborns is 2.43 ± 2.13 mm to the right side and 2.39 ± 2.03 mm to the left side while in newborns at term, the average value of the lateral ventricles is 1.81 ± 1.52 mm to the right side and 2.02 ± 1.33 mm to the left. As for The 3rd ventricle, it measures on average 3.62 ± 3.50 mm in premature newborns and 2.32 ± 2.56 mm in newborns at term. Conclusion: there was a significant statistically difference between the ventricles size in premature newborns and newborns at term.
Chapter 2 Prosodic Structure and Word Recognition

Prosodic structure is a dimension which belongs to spoken language. Although a good writer may aim for, say, rhythmic effects in prose, these rely upon the reader's ability to 'hear' them 'in the mind's ear', i.e. mentally to convert the written prose to a spoken form. As this chapter will outline, listeners make extensive and varied use of prosodic information in recognizing spoken utterances. However, because prosody is a property of spoken language, and because there has (purely for reasons of empirical tractability) been much less psycholinguistic research on spoken than on written language, the study of prosody's role in recognition is relatively underdeveloped. A recent comprehensive literature review in this area, covering the role of prosody in the comprehension of syntactic and discourse structure as well as in the recognition of spoken words (Cutler, Dahan & van Donselaar, 1997), lists some three hundred references, but this is a tiny amount compared with, for instance, the literature on visual word recognition, even that based on just one laboratory task (lexical decision). Moreover, as Cutler et al. conclude, the literature is very unbalanced: some topics have been repeatedly examined, in studies differing only in minor details, while other topics have been ignored completely. This is also true of research in different languages; as in all areas of Psycholinguistics, most research has been conducted in English, but among other languages some have received considerable research attention, some none at all. Particularly relevant here is the comparison between German and Dutch: the prosodic structure of these two languages is very similar, and has been comprehensively described for both languages in the phonetic literature, but although the psycholinguistic literature now contains a quite substantial number of experimental studies of the processing of Dutch prosody, there have been remarkably few comparable studies in German.
Intersectionality as a tool for social movements: Strategies of inclusion and representation in the Québécois women’s movement

As a social movement strategy, intersectionality is used to foster the inclusion and representation of minority groups. In this article, we examine how Québécois women’s organizations use intersectionality as a tool to include immigrant and Native women. We argue that intersectionality can entail different practices with potentially conflicting goals. We conclude that social movement scholars would benefit from paying attention to intersectionality and to how it is practised by activists and organizations. Indeed, a focus on intersectionality sheds light on the tensions inherent in the processes by which organizations construct collective identities, formulate political demands, manage internal conflicts and build alliances.
Nature and spirit of exchange and interpersonal relationships fostering grassroots innovations

Exchange and interpersonal relationships are central to the functioning and sustainability of socio-economic activities, including innovation. Grassroots innovations (GI) are dynamic and relational phenomena that evolve with grassroots innovators’ beliefs, expectations and obligatory relationships for varied resources, and the actualization of their desire to make novel and beneficial products. In this paper, the dynamics of exchange and interpersonal relationships that underpin the GI phenomenon are explored through the lens of exchange theory and the consideration of the psychological contract. While exchange theory provides an explanation for the interdependent and dyadic socio-economic relations present in GI, the psychological contract provides a view on the perceptions and expectations that are embedded in exchange and innovation activities. These two theoretical lenses serve as a foundation for the research to engage with the subjective reality of the grassroots innovators’ experiences. In examining the subjective reality of the innovation experiences of the grassroots innovators; the research thereby discerns the dominant form of exchange and socio-economic structure that fosters GI from ideation to commercial scaling. Through the use of phenomenological exploration and detailed thematic analysis of the innovation experiences of the thirteen Indian grassroots innovators, the research determined the nature and spirit of the relational commercial exchanges that both entail and foster GI. The paper starts off with the discussion of the theoretical foundations of the research. Thereafter, the paper briefly discusses the research methodology and the exchange dynamics present in GI. In assimilating the research findings, the paper enlists the features of exchanges embedded in GI phenomenon and highlights the capacity of relational commercial exchanges in fostering GI. The paper further proposes, through this discussion, an interpretive framework for understanding how exchange influences the development of GI. Finally, the paper concludes with an identification of the dynamics of exchange within the GI process, and ascertains the necessary conditions for GI to flourish in commercial space.
The Interface between Organizational Learning Capability, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and SME Growth

This paper investigates the interface between organizational learning capability, entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and small business performance. It reports on the findings from 350 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Cyprus operating in the services and retailing sectors. The findings indicate a positive relationship between EO and sales and market share growth, but not between EO and employment growth. There is also a positive relationship between organizational learning capability and EO. This paper contributes to the small business management literature by providing a holistic analysis of the interface between organizational learning capability, EO, and growth.
Impact of regional climate change on water availability in the Volta basin of West Africa.

The impact of climate change on the temporal and spatial distribu- tion of precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration and surface runoff in the Volta Basin (400 000 km 2 ) of West Africa is investigated. Trend analysis shows clear positive trends with high levels of significance for temperature time series. Precipitation time series show both positive and negative trends, although most significant trends are negative. In the case of river discharge, a small number of (mostly positive) significant trends for the wet season are observed. High resolution regional climate simulation using explicit dynamic downscaling of the IS92a ECHAM4 global climate scenario indicates a slight increase in total annual precipitation of 5%, but also a significant decrease (up to 70%) of precipitation in April, which marks the transition from the dry season to the rainy season. The total duration of the rainy season is shortened. The simulated dry season temperature increase is around 1°C, while in the rainy season an increase of up to 2°C is projected. Expected temperature increase is smallest in the coastal areas and increases towards the north of the basin. An increase in mean annual surface runoff by 18% is anticipated. Predicted changes in precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration and surface runoff show strong regional differences. BACKGROUND Sufficient water resources are the life-blood of the economies of West African countries. Over 70% of the inhabitants of West Africa depend primarily on rainfed agriculture for their livelihood. Hydropower is the main source of electric power generation, crucial for socio-economic development, and is strongly dependent on availability of rainfall. Changes in the amount and distribution of rainfall have significant impacts on water availability and thereby directly influence socio-economic activities in the region. Against this background, the interdisciplinary GLOWA-Volta project (http://www.glowa-volta.de), the framework within which this study is performed, focuses on the Volta Basin in West Africa. This international basin is characterized by distinctive interannual and inter-decadal variability in precipitation. The availability of water in the Volta Basin is of major importance for agriculture, as well as for industrial use (e.g. aluminium industry) and power generation at Lake Volta, impounded by one of the world's largest dams. Due to increasing population pressure and corresponding intensification of agriculture, the competition for water resources between these
Prevalence and Severity of Depression among Undergraduate Students in Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study

Purpose : To highlight the prevalence and severity of depression among undergraduate students in public and private universities in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods : In this cross-sectional study a total of 408 undergraduate students from both public and private universities in Karachi, Pakistan completed Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) questionnaire to appraise the presence and extent of depression among the participants. Their sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender and course of study as well as drug use data were also collected and analyzed. Results : Depression prevalence was 53.43 % (38.07 % for males and 61.00 % for females). A significant disparity in the prevalence of depression across ethnicity was observed. Less than 50 % (n = 163) of the students were satisfied with their duration of degree course work while 111 (27.20 %) participants were not sure about this. The intensity of depression increased with declining satisfaction level (Gamma = 0.264, p = 0.001) which affected the performance and results of students during their studies. A majority of the participants (89 %, n = 358) of our study have never used medicines to alter their mood. Conclusion : The findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding the unique strains and mental health effect of university education on undergraduate students, especially female students. Keywords : Depression, Undergraduate students, Mood alteration, Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), Mental health, Risk assessment
Triadimefon ameliorates negative effects of in vitro salt stress on two cultivars of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)

Triadimefon (TRD) is a member of triazol plant growth regulator group which is responsible for increasing stress tolerance. Effects of TRD on two cultivars of Medicago sativa (Hamedani and Yazdi) were investigated. The in vitro grown plantlets in MS medium were cultured in TRD at concentration 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/l combined with 0, 100 and 140 mM NaCl respectively. The changes in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment, carbohydrate, α-tochopherol, glycine betain, proline and proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity as well as its expression were measured after four weeks post treatment. NaCl treatment decreased overall plant growth and reduced the total chlorophyll, carbohydrate content, PDH activity and increased α-tochopherol, glycine betain content and proline content. The level of PDH transcript was changed in different combinations of NaCl and TRD, however, at 140 mM NaCl and 2 mg/l TRD expression was decreased. When plants were subjected to salt stress, TRD minimized the inhibitory effects of NaCl on plant growth by increasing, total chlorophyll, carbohydrate, α-tochopherol, glycine betaine content.