Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postflexion larvae and juvenile daily growth patterns of the Alborán Sea sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walb.): influence of wind

The Alboran Sea is a hydrographically complex and variable area in which wind-driven coastal upwelling occurs. Its most abundant small pelagic resource is the sardine ( Sardina pilchardus ), which is subject to major interannual oscillations. Postflexion stages of sardine larvae were sampled in their main nursery grounds in the north Alboran Sea, and sardine juveniles were sampled periodically throughout the recruitment season. Daily growth analysis was used to identify periods favourable for larval survival and to assess the evolution of daily increment widths during the first months of life. The results showed that juveniles born later in the spawning season grew relatively faster than those born earlier. Two main growth phases were observed in juveniles: an initial one in which daily increment widths increased progressively, and a second one in which widths fluctuated, showing a decreasing trend. The beginning of the second phase was almost synchronous among different sub-cohorts, suggesting that it was triggered by environmental factors. The estimated mean daily growth rates during the larval phase were higher in surviving juveniles than in postflexion larvae born in the same month, supporting the “bigger is better” hypothesis in relation to larval survival. The influence of the environmental regime on growth was explored, and the evolution of a growth-related index, derived from otolith increment width variability, was compared with a single environmental descriptor, a “wind index” based on wind stress and direction. This analysis suggested that larval survival and larval and juvenile growth rates showed a positive correlation with NW component winds, associated with upwelling events on the continental shelf and calm sea weather conditions in the inshore nursery grounds. Conversely, Levantine and southern wind periods, which interrupt the upwelling and create rough seas in the inshore bays, lead to a decrease in growth rates in juveniles and low larval survival.
The effects of microorganism on coffee pulp pretreatment as a source of biogas production

Coffee pulp waste composition consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and caffeine, tannin, and polyphenol as inhibitor substance. The high cellulose compound in coffee pulp can be used for alternative raw materials in the manufacture of biogas. This study aims to define the composition of the mixture of microorganisms of Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma harzianum, and Aspergillus niger that are best to use in coffee pulp pretreatment to degrade inhibitor substance. The best result of pretreatment will be applied to biogas production. The first step is to do a pretreatment of the coffee pulp with variable Pseudomonas putida : Trichoderma harzianum : Aspergillus niger with a ratio of 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:2, 2:1:1, 2:1:2, 2:1:1 (v:v:v), then variables that are most excellent in degrading inhibitor substance are selected. The second step, is doing anaerobic fermentation for 20 days at mesophilic temperature (30-40°C) on a reactor working volume of 4.5 L. In the making of biogas, a varied starter as much as 10% of the total are put into the reactor in the form of a mixture of cow dung : rumen fluid with a ratio of 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 (w/v). The parameters measured include the decreasing of the inhibitor substance, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), biogas (CH 4 and CO 2 ) and calorific value of combustion (Heating value). This study results a composition of ingredients within the pretreatment process which includes a mixture of microorganisms with a ratio of Pseudomonas putida : Trichoderma harzianum : Aspergillus niger is 1:2:1 (v:v:v). For biogas, a mixture of cow dung and rumen fluid can produce higher methane gas is the ratio of cow dung : rumen fluid is 1:2 (w/v) with the concentration of methane (CH 4 ) formed at 1.825%. At the concentration of methane is 1.825%, the heating value obtained is 76.032 kcal/kg with volume biogas 0.0032 m 3 / kg converted of COD.
Two Practical and Cost Effective Methods for Urinary Schistosomiasis Screening in Yemeni Schoolchildren

Background: The study was conducted to estimate and compare the validity and performance of two screening methods for uri­nary schistosomiasis: the interview - reporting blood in urine- and detecting microhematuria by reagent strip. Methods: In year 2003, 515 schoolchildren from five schools in Abyan and Taiz governorates in Yemen, were in-terviewed by healtworker for hematuria, and then urine samples were collected and tested for microhematuria by urine strip and for the presence and count of Schistosoma hematobium by filtration method. Validity and performance indicators were esti­mated and compared for the two methods using the filtration method as the reference- standard- test. Results: The mean age of the schoolchildren was 10.7±2.5 years. Boys represented 65% of the sample. The prevalence of the infection as determined by filtration, interview and reagent strip methods was 21.4%, 22.15, and 30.9%, respectively. Sen­sitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of the urine strip was higher than the same indicators for the interview method. Com­bining the results of both screening methods increased all validity and performance indicators. A statically significant ( P < 0.001) association was found between urine strip positivity level and infection intensity. Conclusion: The urine strip had higher validity and performance indicators than the interview method. For its low -cost, sim­ple and rapid application, we recommend using it for screening infected schoolchildren in areas endemic with S. hemato­bium in combination with the interview method to enhance its performance.
Adapting tam and ECT: continuance intention of e-shopping in Saudi Arabia

The objective of this study is to clarify the theoretical problem and identify factors that could explain the level of continuance intention of e-shopping in context of Saudi Arabia. The study proposes a revised technology acceptance model that integrates expectation confirmation theory to measure age differences with regard to continuance online shopping intentions. Structural equation model confirms model fit. The research findings confirm that Perceived usefulness, enjoyment, and subjective norms are determinants of online shopping continuance. The structural weights are mostly equivalent between the young and old groups, but the regression path from subjective norms to perceived usefulness is not invariant, with that relationship being stronger for the younger respondents. This research moves beyond online shopping intentions and includes factors affecting online shopping continuance. The model explains 65% of the intention to continue shopping online. The research findings suggest that online strategies cannot ignore either the direct and indirect effects on continuance intentions.
OMEGA: OSIRIS Mapping of Emission-Line Galaxies in A901/2

Abstract This work presents the first results from an ESO Large Programme carried out using the OSIRIS instrument on the 10m GTC telescope (La Palma). We have observed a large sample of galaxies in the region of the Abell 901/902 system (z∼0.165) which has been extensively studied as part of the STAGES project. We have obtained spectrally and spatially resolved H-alpha and [NII] emission maps for a very large sample of galaxies covering a broad range of environments. The new data are combined with extensive multi-wavelength observations which include HST, COMBO-17, Spitzer, Galex and XMM imaging to study star formation and AGN activity as a function of environment and galaxy properties such as luminosity, mass and morphology. The ultimate goal is to understand, in detail, the effect of the environment on star formation and AGN activity.
Tag Reporting Rate Estimation: 3. Use of Planted Tags in One Component of a Multiple-Component Fishery

Abstract Tag return models are used to estimate survival and tag recovery rates. With additional information on tag reporting rates, one can separate the survival rate into its fishing and natural mortality rate components. One method of estimating the tag reporting rate is to secretly plant tags in fishers' catches. However, if the fishery has more than one component, it may not be possible to plant tags in all components. Nevertheless, it is possible to estimate the reporting rates of all components in a multiple-component fishery and the fishing and natural mortality rates, if at least one component has a known reporting rate and the catches are known for each component. We simulate a variety of tag return experiments in which tags are planted in one component of a multicomponent fishery. The simulations show that this method is most effective (i.e., provides good precision of parameter estimates) when a sufficient number of tagged fish are planted into a fishery component with a high reporting rate an.
Overview of the FASOLT experiment and final results

Within the frame of the FASOLT project the German Aerospace Center (DLR) performed channel measurements and optical data transmission tests on a 61 km near ground horizontal path. The transmitter was situated on a mountain top in the German Alps with the receiver placed on top of a building at the DLR site in Oberpfaffenhofen. Partners in the FASOLT project were Contraves Space, Switzerland and EADS Military Aircraft, Germany. During a period of several months various data sets of scintillation data were recorded in one and two laterally separated transmitter configurations and under different environmental conditions. A significant decrease of number and depth of fades was observed for the two transmitter setup. This paper presents an overview on the scintillation statistics of this particular optical channel. Also beam offsets due to refraction have been measured and results are presented here. As well as these measurements, data transmission tests at bit rates of 100 Mbps have been performed. A two transmitter configuration with a transmit power of 1 W per laser and a sensitive APD receiver front-end plugged in to a 75mm Rx telescope have been used. Despite severe scintillations, bit error rates (BER) below 1e-4 could be observed, though synchronization losses of the data and clock recovery affected the results. Tests at 155 Mbps (OC-3) and 270 Mbps (SMPTE 259M) were not successful due to high atmospheric attenuation. This paper gives an overview of the entire experimental setup, sums up the results of this long-haul data transmission experiment, and gives an outlook to further DLR activities in the field of free-space optics.
The Predictiveness of Achievement Goals: A 2 × 2 Framework Analysis From a Social Cognitive Perspective

Using the Revised Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ-R) (Elliot & Murayama, 2008), we explored first-year university students’ achievement goal orientations on the premise of the 2 × 2 model. Similar to recent studies (Elliot & Murayama, 2008; Elliot & Thrash, 2010), we conceptualized a model that included both antecedent (i.e., enactive learning experience) and consequence (i.e., intrinsic motivation and academic achievement) of achievement goals. Two hundred seventy-seven university students (151 women, 126 men) participated in the study. Structural equation modeling procedures yielded evidence that showed the predictive effects of enactive learning experience and mastery goals on intrinsic motivation. Academic achievement was influenced intrinsic motivation, performance-approach goals, and enactive learning experience. Enactive learning experience also served as an antecedent of the four achievement goal types. On the whole, evidence obtained supports the AGQ-R and contributes, theoretically, to 2 × 2 model.
Modelling lactation curves of dairy goats by fitting random regression models using Legendre polynomials or B-splines

Abstract: A total of 17 356 test-day milk yield (TDMY) records from 642 first lactations of Alpine goats were used to model variations in lactation curve using random regression models (RRM). Orthogonal Legendre polynomials and B-splines were evaluated to obtain adequate and parsimonious models for the estimation of genetic parameters. The analysis was performed using a single-trait RRM, including the additive genetic, permanent environmental, and residual effects. We estimated the mean trend of milk yield, and the additive genetic and permanent environmental covariance functions through random regression using different orders of orthogonal Legendre polynomial (three to six) and B-spline functions (linear, quadratic, and cubic, with three to six knots). This study further evaluated different number of classes of residual variances. The covariance components and the genetic parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method. Heritability estimates presented similar trends for both functions. The RRM with a higher number of parameters better described the genetic variation of TDMY throughout the lactation. The most suitable RRM for genetic evaluation of TDMY of Alpine goats is a quadratic B-spline function with six knots, for the mean trend, curves of additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, and five classes of residual variance.
Chemical composition of winter triticale grain depending on type of tillage in crop rotation

Triticale is a fodder cereal with a high nutritional value of grains. It can also be used for food purposes, so the chemical composition of the grain is important. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the macroelement content in the grains of winter triticale cultivars under the use of different tillage methods and the percentage of cereals in the crop rotation. The research shows that the chemical composition of grains depends on the weather conditions, tillage method, and the share of cereals in crop rotation, as well as the genetic factor. In the year of the study, with the highest precipitation in the growing period, the highest concentrations of magnesium and phosphorus were found. The accumulation of nitrogen and sodium in triticale grain was higher in the year with lower precipitation. In crop rotation with a lower percentage of cereals, higher concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium were found. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium did not depend on the method of soil tillage, whereas in ploughing conditions, higher concentrations of potassium, calcium and sodium were found. Alekto cultivar was characterized by a higher content of macroelements (nitrogen and sodium) in the grains, while Fredro cultivar, of calcium. The content of phosphorus in grain was similar in Alekto and Cerber cultivars.
IBERGIRHYNCHIA CONTRARIA (F. A. ROEMER, 1850), AN EARLY CARBONIFEROUS SEEP–RELATED RHYNCHONELLIDE BRACHIOPOD FROM THE HARZ MOUNTAINS, GERMANY—A POSSIBLE SUCCESSOR TO DZIEDUSZYCKIA?

Abstract A new genus Ibergirhynchia, a member of the rhynchonellide superfamily Dimerelloidea, is described for the species Terebratula contraria Roemer, 1850, from Early Carboniferous deposits of the Harz Mountains, Germany. Ibergirhynchia contraria is from a monospecific brachiopod limestone that formed on top of the drowned Devonian Iberg Reef which persisted as a seamount during Famennian and Early Carboniferous times. Ibergirhynchia contraria is considered a cold seep-related brachiopod based on this locality. Such seep associations have been observed for Mesozoic representatives of the rhynchonellide superfamily Dimerelloidea. Ibergirhynchia is considered the first Paleozoic representative of the family Rhynchonellinidae. Ibergirhynchia resembles Dzieduszyckia externally and may be derived from this dimerelloid.
Regulatory Effectiveness and the Empirical Impact of Variations in Regulatory Governance

This paper assesses for 28 developing countries over the period 1980-2001 whether the existence of a regulatory law and higher quality regulatory governance are significantly associated with superior electricity outcomes. The analysis draws on theoretical and empirical work on the impact of independent central banks and of developing country telecommunications regulators. The empirical analysis concludes that a regulatory law and higher quality governance are positively and significantly associated with higher per capita generation capacity levels. In addition, this positive impact continues to increase for at least three years and probably for over 10 years as experience develops and regulatory reputation grows. The results are robust to alternative dynamic specifications and show no sign of any significant endogeneity biases.
On the Intertemopral Allocation of Consumption, Mortality and Life-history Strategies

This paper studies the bio-evolutionary origin of time preference. By examining human life-history strategies, it shows that time preference reflects the change in the value of survival, which in turn depends on future reproduction and production. It also demonstrates that our biologically endowed time preference is fully embodied in mortality, is always larger than one, reaches its lowest at around age twenty and increases thereafter. These implications are consistent with empirical findings. JEL Classification Numbers: B41, D91
Saggio introduttivo: sistemi di scuola secondaria comprensivi versus selettivi. Una comparazione in termini di equità (English version included)

The ‘comprehensivization’ of secondary school is a reform process that began in some European school systems in the 60s and 70s. With the comprehensive-type reform, a unitary scholastic model such as that which had already been in use for some time in the United States was introduced in a large part of Western Europe Countries. Our main problem has been verifying whether and to what extent the promises of greater equity linked to the comprehensive model, and those of greater quality linked to the selective one have been confirmed by the facts, comparing the respective results achieved by the comprehensive and traditional (or selective) systems, above all from the viewpoint of equity/quality of performance. In our contribution we shall deal with this issue, with an overview of the European panorama (based on different data sources) and summaries of papers dealing in depth with the situations in four countries (Germany, Italy, England and Sweden).
Electrohydrodynamic Thrust for In-Atmosphere Propulsion

The electrohydrodynamic thrust generated by wire–cylinder electrodes under high dc voltage is experimentally analyzed. Some recent experimental studies have shown that electrohydrodynamic thrusters produced by corona discharge and ionic wind are able to deliver high thrust-to-power ratio, which reopens prospects for electrohydrodynamic propulsion. From simple considerations based on ultralight aircraft mass, aerodynamics, battery mass, and experimental electrohydrodynamic thrust densities, their potential for applications is showcased. Furthermore, an experimental study is performed, for which the experimental observations are presented in terms of electric field and thrust density. This allows a simplified and synthetic presentation of propulsive properties. Various experimental biases have been identified and corrected. The measure of time-periodic oscillations of the airflow in the back of the thruster pinpoints a possible wake effect due to the impact of ionic wind on electrodes. The variations of the associated drag are studied when varying the position of the collecting electrodes. It is shown that aerodynamic losses can be significant in experimental electrohydrodynamic thrusters.
Pricing accuracy, liquidity and trader behavior with closing price manipulation

We study the effects of closing price manipulation in an experimental market to evaluate the social harm caused by manipulation. We find that manipulators, given incentives similar to many actual manipulation cases, decrease price accuracy and liquidity. The mere possibility of manipulation alters market participants’ behavior, leading to reduced liquidity. We find evidence that ordinary traders attempt to profitably counteract manipulation. This study provides examples of the strategies employed by manipulators, illustrates how these strategies change in the presence of detection penalties and assesses the ability of market participants to identify manipulation.
The Influence of Economic Growth To Poverty and Its Relation To The Pro Poor In Indonesia

This research aims to examine the extent to which Indonesia is able to carry out pro poor growth. To solve this problem, the authors use Pro Poor Growth Index as an analysis tool. The results show that during 2004-2013, economic growth in Indonesia is pro-poor so that the benefits of economic growth can be felt throughout society. Another objective of this research was to determine the effect of economic growth on poverty in Indonesia, both directly and indirectly. In the indirect effects, economic growth will affect intermediary aspects. These aspects consist of inequality, human development, and unemployment. The author used path analysis as an analysis tool. The results showed that human development is the most influential intermediary aspect on the relationship between economic growth and poverty so that the government has to increase the education, health, and purchasing power aspects so that the poverty rate decreased faster. Keywords: pro-poor growth, economic growth, inequality of income distribution, human development, unemployment, poverty, path analysis
Biology and phylogenetic placement of a new species of Lasiokapala Ashmead from Argentina (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)

Within the ant‐parasitic wasp family Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera), the Kapala clade is a monophyletic group attacking Ectatomminae and Ponerinae. Members often express extreme phenotypic features, especially in the morphology of the paired frenal spines. Although the means of attack and developmental history of the eucharitid wasps within the ant nest are very similar, the means by which they oviposit and optimize encounters of their active first‐instar larvae with ants is highly variable. The relationships and life‐history strategies of Lasiokapala Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) and related taxa within the Kapala clade are discussed based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data. Descriptions are provided for the adults (both sexes), eggs and planidia of Lasiokapala spiralicornis sp.n. from Santiago del Estero (Argentina). Females deposit their eggs on the underside of leaves of Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae) and the likely host is postulated to be the genus Ectatomma (Formicidae: Ectatomminae). Even within a closely related group of genera, there is extreme independent divergence in morphology of scutellar spines, antennae and other features, but the larvae and larval biology are highly conserved across a much larger group of Eucharitidae.