Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Combined Peer-Teacher Feedback on Thai Students' Writing Accuracy.

Nowadays, language errors are viewed as indicators of learners’ existing knowledge of the target language. Several studies have thus been conducted on the types and sources of these errors in order to help learners effectively acquire language skills. This is not an exception in Thailand where students’ English writing has been reported to be a chronic problem. However, there has been little research on the ways to help Thai students improve their English writing skills. Adopting the combined peer-teacher feedback model developed by Nguyen (2017, 2018) and employing a survey and a focus group semi-structured interview, this study reports on how this feedback model helped reduce Thai university students’ writing errors and how they responded to each error for the improvement of their writing accuracy. In addition to confirming the effectiveness of this feedback model in assisting Thai students, the study also discussed their evaluations of each error difficulty level, their revision strategies and the frequencies of their accurate corrections. The results of this study are therefore expected to shed more light on how to help Thai students overcome their English writing difficulties, reduce their writing errors and improve their writing skills. Furthermore, the study is hoped to partly reflect how in-service teachers tailor teaching approaches and materials to enhance the writing ability of EFL learners
Causality between FDI and Financial Market Development: Evidence from Emerging Markets

This paper studies the causal relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and financial market development (FMD) using panel data from emerging markets. Most studies of the relationship between FDI and FMD have focused on the role of FMD in the link between FDI and economic growth, with no deep understanding of direct causality between FDI and FMD, especially in emerging markets, where financial markets are in the development stage. We document bidirectional causality between FDI and stock market development indicators. For banking sector development indicators, the relationship is ambiguous and inconclusive. Care is therefore needed when analysing the relationship between FMD and FDI, as results may depend on whether the FMD variables used to evaluate causality are stock market or banking sector development indicators.
In vitro study of selected physiological and physicochemical properties of fish protein hydrolysates from 4 Australian fish species

Fish by-products from different fish species may be utilized to produce compounds possessing physiological and physical functional properties. A simple extraction process involving use of endogenous proteases and/or addition of exogenous enzyme preparation resulted in proteinaceous hydrolysates. The extracts from Salmon, Flathead, Silver warehou and Barramundi by-products were evaluated for selected physiological and physical properties. Fish by-products were subjected to four different treatments, with or without the addition of acid fungal protease (AFP). The peptides produced in fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) were examined for bioactive properties based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. Furthermore, dried FPHs were also examined for properties such as colour, solubility, heat stability, emulsion activity, and rheological properties. Time and addition of AFP to FPHs, influenced the degree of hydrolysis (DH), DPPH scavenging and ACE inhibition activities. Salmon FPH treated with AFP showed the highest DH (43.86 %) and ACE inhibitory activity (95.50 %). High antioxidant activity was observed for Flathead and Barramundi FPHs with DPPH scavenging activity of 45.86 % and 43.03%, respectively. The solubility of dried FPHs ranged from 93 to 100% and increased with decreased DH. Emulsifying capacity of FPH for Barramundi was the highest, whereas FPH for Silver warehou showed the highest emulsion stability. Heat induced the gelation of Barramundi and Silver warehou FPHs but not for Salmon and Flathead FPHs. These results have implications for the use of protein hydrolysate from fish by-products in food formulation technology and serve as important sources of bioactive compounds.
Determinants and Specificities of Eco-innovations – An Econometric Analysis for the French and German Industry based on the Community Innovation Survey

Many recent papers deal with exploring and explaining the determinants of eco-innovations for different countries supporting the formulation of efficient policy measures to trigger eco-innovation activities of firms. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of cross-country analyses allowing recognizing “international” stylized facts, but also regional characteristics of eco-innovations. Based on data from the fourth Community Innovation Survey (CIS) for France and Germany, the present paper tries to contribute to fill this gap. Using econometric methods, we are able to detect remarkable similarities between the different determinants of eco-innovation in the two countries. The results confirm the central role of regulation and cost savings as motivations for eco-innovation. Furthermore, eco-innovative activities seem to require more external sources of knowledge and information than innovation in general.
Financial Markets for Unknown Risks

New risks seem to be an unavoidable in a period of rapid change. The last few decades have brought us the risks of global warming, nuclear meltdown, ozone depletion, failure of satellite launcher rockets, collision of supertankers, AIDS and Ebola.l A key feature of a new risk, as opposed to an old and familiar one, is that one knows little about it. In particular, one knows little about the chances or the costs of its occurrence. This makes it hard to manage these risks: existing paradigms for the rational management of risks require that we associate probabilities to various levels of losses. This poses particular challenges for the insurance industry, which is at the leading edge of risk management. Misestimation of new risks has lead to several bankruptcies in the insurance and reinsurance businesses.2 In this paper we propose a novel framework for providing insurance cover against risks whose parameters are unknown. In fact many of the risks at issue may be not just unknown but also unknowable: it is difficult to imagine repetition of the events leading to global warming or ozone depletion, and, therefore, difficult to devise a relative frequency associated with repeated experiments.
The role of finance in the development of technology-based SMEs: evidence from New Zealand

Purpose- In this paper we discuss an exploratory study that involved face to face, qualitative inter-views with 20 technology-based small firms (TBSFs) and seven qualitative interviews with key in-formants and funders. The TBSFs were all located in New Zealand (NZ), a small open economy with a limited domestic market, a population of 4.3 million, current GDP per capita of US$32,260 (2010) and arguably an immature and limited financial infrastructure. The central research question for this study was whether TBSFs can raise appropriate finance that allows them to start, develop and remain in NZ? Design/methodology/approach- An exploratory study has involved a programme of 20 in-depth, face to face qualitative interviews with the founders and chief executives of TBSFs drawn from three contrasting locations in New Zealand and from across different technology-based sectors. A further seven interviews have been conducted with key informants drawn from the three locations. Findings- As might be expected from theory, there was a heavy reliance on internal funding and bootstrapping methods, although a number of TBSFs had in addition managed to raise additional private capital through their own contacts and networks. All the sample had relied upon internal fund-ing to some extent. However, a total of 13 (65 per cent) either relied totally on internal funding (from the initial start-up) or relied upon a combination of internal funding, bootstrapping and private inves-tors. Context was important with New Zealand being a small open and relatively remote economy when compared to the UK; where the EU provides a significant market for TBSF development. In contrast, NZ TBSFs, of necessity were heavily involved in distant overseas markets. Research Implications- There was evidence of a distinct finance gap in the external equity market in New Zealand. For amounts below NZ$1m, these could be sought from networks of business angels, even though such sources were limited and restricted. If the funding sought was in the range NZ$1m -$5m; this was likely to fall between the informal and formal venture markets. Associated with this was a distinct preference for relying on internal funding by NZ TBSFs. Originality/value- This paper provides a contribution by being the first serious study of TBSF devel-opment in New Zealand, specifically focusing on the role of finance. The example of TBSF develop-ment in New Zealand’s small, open economy is significant and comparisons are drawn with the extent of funding gaps and similar issues in TBSF development from a UK based study. These comparisons enable the findings to be set in context and implications developed.
A 3D Osteoblast In Vitro Model for the Evaluation of Biomedical Materials

Biomedical materials for bone therapy are usually assessed for their biocompatibility and safety employing animal models or in vitro monolayer cell culture assays. However, alternative in vitro models may offer controlled conditions closer to physiological responses and reduce animal testing. In this work, we developed a 3D spheroidal cell culture with potential to evaluate simultaneously material-cell and cell-cell interactions. Different cell densities of murine MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts or human primary osteoblasts (HOb) were used to determine the ideal procedure of spheroidal cultures and their adequacy to material testing. Cells were seeded on 96-well plates coated with agar and incubated in agitation from 1 to 7 days. Aggregate morphology was qualitatively evaluated considering the shape, size, repeatability, handling, and stability of spheroids. Higher cell densities induced more stable spheroids, and handling was considered appropriate starting from 2 × 104 cells. Confocal microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy indicate that most cells within the aggregate core are viable. Exposure to positive controls has shown a dose dependent cell death as measured by XTT assay. Aggregates were stable and presented good viability when employed on standardized testing of metallic and polymer-based biomaterials. Therefore, osteoblast spheroids may provide a promising tool for material screening and biocompatibility testing.
Level of Reflective Practice amongst Saudi Female Postgraduate Students at KSU

This paper investigates the level of reflective practice amongst Saudi female postgraduate students at King Saud University. The study is quantitative in nature, whereby a reflective practice self-assessment scale was administered to assess the reflective practice of 201 female postgraduate students at KSU. The scale concentrates on five dimensions; the ability and freedom to reflect, questioning assumptions, considering others’ viewpoints, using reflective methods/tools, and frequency of the refection on events. Findings of this study indicate that Saudi female postgraduate students at KSU reveal a decent level of reflective skills. Findings also display that there are some reflective requirements and skills which are more common in the scientific fields than they are in the literary fields. On the light of these results, recommendations for Saudi postgraduate instructors and program developers are provided accordingly.
COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON DETERMINATION

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the basic soil parameters which takes part in many biological, chemical and physical soil processes and the SOC is currently considered as a key indicator of soil quality. For this reason determination of the SOC is a part of soil complex monitoring which has been performed in Slovakia since 1993. From 1993 until 2007 the “wet” method of determination of the SOC was used. Since 2008 the “dry” method for determination of the SOC has been applied. The goal of this work has been to evaluate and compare two methods of the SOC determination; the “wet”(Ťiurin method in modification of Nikitin (TN)) and the “dry” determination of the SOC by means of the CN analyser (EA), which was performed on 95 soil samples of topsoil coming from 17 sampling sites with a wide range of the SOC (1–15%). Sampling sites include arable lands and grasslands and represent main soil types and subtypes of Slovakia. On the basis of statistical processing it has been found that in soils with the SOC content up to 3%, differences between two methods are minimal. However, in the case of a higher content of the SOC, the EA method reaches a higher value than the TN method. Obtained data shows that in the case of soil samples with a higher content of the SOC, when changing an analytical method, the PTF function that reduces differences and allows to use all time series monitoring data should be used for the purpose of the tracking trends of the SOC monitoring. Celem pracy bylo porownanie wynikow oznaczania wegla organicznego (SOC) w probkach gleb dwoma metodami: spalania „na mokro“ (Tiurina) oraz spalania „na sucho“ w autoanalizatorzee CN. Analizowano 95 probek gleb z 17 miejsc kompleksowego monitoringu gleb Slowacji, o zwawartości wegla organicznego od 1 do 15%. Analiza statystyczna wykazala, ze roznice wynikow oznaczania SOC dwoma metodami w probkach o zawarości wegla do 3% nie byly istotne statystycznie. Dla probek o wyzszej zawartości SOC, wyniki uzyskane metodą spalania „na sucho“ byly istotnie wyzsze niz uzyskane metodą Tiurina, dlatego do celow porownawczych zawartości SOC w tych glebach oznaczonych roznymi metodami nalezy stosowac odpowiednie przeliczniki.
The Sentiment Bias in the Market for Tennis Betting

This research examines the sentiment bias in the market for online tennis betting in the period 2000 - 2016. Google Trends data is used to measure the sentimental value of players in 6156 Grand Slam matches. A probit model combines this data with Bet365\'s decimal odds and a variable controlling for the home bias. Findings challenge market efficiency because bookmaker odds do not reflect the true outcome probability. Bookmakers strategically set the odds to rationally exploit sentimental bettor preferences. They underestimate the winning probability for the high-sentiment players in tournament finals and in matches with any of the Big Four. As a result of this reversed sentiment bias, bookmakers offer a relatively high price for bets on popular players. The strategy of placing bets on the relatively cheap low-sentiment player in tournament finals yields a return of -2.80%. It is an improvement on randomly betting, which makes the market for tennis betting weak-efficient. Additional analysis of the full sample revealed presence of the favorite-longshot bias. Overall, this study found sample evidence for market inefficiency of the market for tennis betting.
GRAIN GROWTH IN THE CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS OF THE YOUNG STARS CY Tau AND DoAr 25

We present new results from the Disks@EVLA program for two young stars: CY Tau and DoAr 25. We trace continuum emission arising from their circusmtellar disks from spatially resolved observations, down to tens of AU scales, at λ = 0.9, 2.8, 8.0, 9.8 mm for DoAr 25 and at λ = 1.3, 2.8, 7.1 mm for CY Tau. Additionally, we constrain the amount of emission whose origin is different from thermal dust emission from 5 cm observations. Directly from interferometric data, we find that observations at 7 mm and 1 cm trace emission from a compact disk while millimeter-wave observations trace an extended disk structure. From a physical disk model, where we characterize the disk structure of CY Tau and DoAr 25 at wavelengths shorter than 5 cm, we find that (1) dust continuum emission is optically thin at the observed wavelengths and over the spatial scales studied, (2) a constant value of the dust opacity is not warranted by our observations, and (3) a high-significance radial gradient of the dust opacity spectral index, β, is consistent with the observed dust emission in both disks, with low-β in the inner disk and high-β in the outer disk. Assuming that changes in dust properties arise solely due to changes in the maximum particle size (amax), we constrain radial variations of amax in both disks, from cm-sized particles in the inner disk (R < 40 AU) to millimeter sizes in the outer disk (R > 80 AU). These observational constraints agree with theoretical predictions of the radial-drift barrier, however, fragmentation of dust grains could explain our amax(R) constraints if these disks have lower turbulence and/or if dust can survive high-velocity collisions.
Brown dwarf disks with ALMA: evidence for truncated dust disks in Ophiuchus (Corrigendum)

The study of the properties of disks around young brown dwarfs can provide important clues on the formation of these very low-mass objects and on the possibility of forming planetary systems around them. The presence of warm dusty disks around brown dwarfs is well known, based on near- and mid-infrared studies. High angular resolution observations of the cold outer disk are limited; we used ALMA to attempt a first survey of young brown dwarfs in the $\rho$-Oph star-forming region. All 17 young brown dwarfs in our sample were observed at 890 $\mu $m in the continuum at $\sim0. \! ^{\prime\prime}5$ angular resolution. The sensitivity of our observations was chosen to detect $\sim0.5$ M$_\oplus$ of dust. We detect continuum emission in 11 disks ($\sim65$\%\ of the total), and the estimated mass of dust in the detected disks ranges from $\sim0.5$ to $\sim6$ M$_\oplus$. These disk masses imply that planet formation around brown dwarfs may be relatively rare and that the supra-Jupiter mass companions found around some brown dwarfs are probably the result of a binary system formation. We find evidence that the two brightest disks in $\rho$-Oph have sharp outer edges at R<~25 AU, in contrast to disks around Taurus brown dwarfs. This difference may suggest that the different environment in $\rho$-Oph may lead to significant differences in disk properties. A comparison of the M$_{disk}$/M$_\ast$ ratio for brown dwarf and solar-mass systems also shows a possible deficit of mass in brown dwarfs, which could support the evidence for dynamical truncation of disks in the substellar regime. These findings are still tentative and need to be put on firmer grounds by studying the gaseous disks around brown dwarfs and by performing a more systematic and unbiased survey of the disk population around the more massive stars.
Gravity anomalies, sub-surface structure and oil and gas migration in the Mamfe, Cameroon-Nigeria, sedimentary basin

Este estudio reporta resultados preliminares de una interpretacion formal de datos existentes de un area hasta hoy desprovista de estudios geofisicos, la cuenca de Mamfe (Camerun nor-occidental/ Nigeria sur-oriental). La importancia de esta cuenca se comprende por el hecho de que esta geneticamente relacionada con la depresion de Benue productora de hidrocarburos. Los mapas de anomalias gravimetricas regional y residual proporcionaron informacion sobre la estructura de la cuenca. Las componentes gravimetricas regional y residual se obtuvieron ajustando con el metodo de minimos cuadrados una superfi cie polinomial de tercer grado a la anomalia de Bouguer. La anomalia residual de tercer orden revela la presencia de dos bajos gravimetricos orientados NE-SW. La anomalia occidental cubre las poblaciones de Ekok y Agbokem, y la oriental comprende a Mukonyong, Mamfe y Bachuo Akagbe. Dos cinturones orientados aproximadamente E-W de anomalias gravimetricas positivas limitan por el norte y el sur respectivamente a las anomalias antes descritas. En general los bajos gravimetricos son debidos al relleno sedimentario de la cuenca, en tanto que las anomalias residuales positivas son el producto de afloramientos del complejo basamental. El patron de las anomalias nos permite inferir las caracteristicas generales de la cuenca. Ella comprende dos sub-cuencas separadas por un alto estructural. La cuenca occidental es la mas profunda y compuesta. Comprende dos sub-cuencas separadas por un alto estructural menor, posiblemente relacionado con la continuacion hacia la cuenca del complejo cristalino. En general, estas sub-cuencas tienden a ser mas someras hacia el oriente indicando que la cuenca evoluciono de oeste a este. Las direcciones de migracion de hidrocarburos probablemente generados en el depocentro han sido indicadas. La acumulacion de hidrocarburos a lo largo de estas direcciones es posible, pero estudios sismicos y gravimetricos mas detallados deben ser emprendidos para buscar trampas estructurales o estratigraficas. Este estudio puede servir de base a un programa integral de exploracion petrolera.
Clouds, Streams and Bridges: redrawing the blueprint of the Magellanic System with Gaia DR1

We present the discovery of stellar tidal tails around the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively) in the Gaia DR1 data. In between the Clouds, their tidal arms are stretched towards each other to form an almost continuous stellar bridge. Our analysis relies on the exquisite quality of the Gaia's photometric catalogue to build detailed star-count maps of the Clouds. We demonstrate that the Gaia DR1 data can be used to detect variable stars across the whole sky, and, in particular, RR Lyrae stars in and around the LMC and the SMC. Additionally, we use a combination of Gaia and GALEX to follow the distribution of Young Main Sequence stars in the Magellanic System. Viewed by Gaia, the Clouds show unmistakable signs of interaction. Around the LMC, clumps of RR Lyrae are observable as far as ∼20°, in agreement with the most recent map of Mira-like stars reported in Deason et al. The SMC's outer stellar density contours show a characteristic S-shape, symptomatic of the onset of tidal stripping. Beyond several degrees from the centre of the dwarf, the Gaia RR Lyrae stars trace the Cloud's trailing arm, extending towards the LMC. This stellar tidal tail mapped with RR Lyrae is not aligned with the gaseous Magellanic Bridge, and is shifted by some ∼5° from the Young Main Sequence bridge. We use the offset between the bridges to put constraints on the density of the hot gaseous corona of the Milky Way.