Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Task-related Factors in Assessing Young Children's Logical Ability in Class Inclusion

One of the ways in which we assess children's logical competence is to ask them questions. This is based on two rather weak assumptions – first, that they understand these questions in the same way adults do and secondly, that logical operations are required to answer these questions. However, since at the start, the child does not know the intentions behind our question, he has to consider the form in which the question is posed and use whatever contextual cues or clues are available to make a correct inference. Relevant information may or may not be contained in the question or the external context. Sometimes, both question and context contain these information, and variation in either can lead to a correct or incorrect answer, independent of the logical abilities theoretically being assessed.
Equity Offerings by Firms That Emerged from Bankruptcy

Entrepreneurship is not only used to create a business idea, but also to restructure a business in response to environmental conditions. Firms that issue equity after emerging from bankruptcy are unique in that they exhibit less asymmetric information than other firms that issue equity. They were previously subject to the SEC disclosure requirements when they had publicly-traded securities, and were required to disclose information about their assets, liabilities, and governance while operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy laws. Our analysis determines that the mean underpricing of the firms that engaged in public stock offerings after emerging from bankruptcy is 4.49 percent, while the mean underpricing for the traditional IPOs is 15.53 percent. A multivariate analysis reinforces the lower degree of underpricing of public offerings by firms that emerged from bankruptcy, while controlling for other characteristics that could affect the level of underpricing. We also find that the aftermarket stock price performance of the firms that emerged from bankruptcy is more favorable than that of traditional IPOs. All results are attributed to a lower degree of asymmetric information associated with public stock offerings by firms that emerge from bankruptcy.
Comparing two training methods, traditional CPR skill and distance training at the Red - crescent organization in Hormozgan province

Introduction: On - going relief skills training in Red - crescent organization are inevitable and crucial, but Geographical dispersion of relief bases and wide range of the staff deemed to be the reasons of the lack of the rescuers simultaneous access to educational classe s. Hence, the present study was done with the aim of finding the suitable method for training rescuing skills at the Red - crescent organization in Hormozgan province. Methods: The present experimental study included 84 high school students who were new volu nteers to work at the Red - crescent organization. The samples were taken with the method of cluster and random samplings, which classified into the two groups of 42 individuals. The two groups were trained with two different methods at the same time and sep arately, answering the questions of knowledge assessment before and after training. Finally the rates of their skills were assessed using models and checklists of performance assessment. The data were given to SPSS16 statistical software and analyzed through descriptive and analytical methods of statistics. Results: The results showed that there is no statistically significan t difference between the mean scores of the total questions regarding knowledge assessment for both group before and after training. Also the results indicated that, after the training, the number of correct answers to knowledge assessment questions were s ignificantly more rather than those prior to training period (P - value < 0.05). Also out of 10 indices of performance assessmen t checklist, 7 indices indicate the percentage of correct performance of experimental group (distance training) is significantly m ore than that of subject group (traditional training) (P - value < 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of the performance of the experimental group was considerably better than that of the traditional group, and comparing the range of the knowledge of both groups no significant difference is revealed. Therefore, the officials of Red - crescent organization need to make more attempts in planning more distance training class es at this organization. ( Parvin Rezaei, Ali Safari moradabadi, Hossein Montazerghaem, Hamid Reza Miri, Abbas Paknahad, Ali Alavi . Comparing two training methods, traditional CPR skill and distance training at the Red - crescent organization in Hormozgan province . Life Sci
Fiscal Sustainability in Central and Eastern European Countries - A Post-Crisis Assessment

The aim of this paper is to investigate public finance sustainability for a selected group of ten Central and Eastern European countries. In order to assess the fiscal sustainability of these countries we extend standard analyses typically used for developed countries to our group of ten CEE countries. To assess fiscal sustainability we use panel stationarity and cointegration tests, as well as estimates of certain parameters of fiscal reaction functions. Our research shows that despite the financial turmoil, CEE countries demonstrate the existence of a long-term relationship between revenues and expenditures and they have statistically relevant parameters of the fiscal reaction function. This indicates that the public finances in CEE countries are sustainable despite the crisis. However, the analysed group of countries shows sustainability only in a weak sense, which may pose a threat to public finances in the future.
Reducing Absenteeism and a Faster Return to Work

Demographic data shows the population is ageing, and consequently we are seeing an ageing workforce. Even though the effectiveness of older workers is not in question, older workers are suffering from age-related conditions, diseases and injuries. Measures that prevent health problems throughout the working life are crucial to reduce the amount of sickness and absence in order to avail an early return to work. Established methodologies in which work disability is well defined are the foundation for successful interventions. Research shows that measures to reduce absenteeism and a faster return to work are mostly organizational in nature. Therefore, these are mainly management tasks. Article present an array of interventions that are supported by various studies and recommendations by several European government and non-government organisations that demonstrate efficiency by reducing the amount of absence and facilitate an early return to work. The study verifies perception of suggested interventions between the Slovenian workforces.
The structural physical approximations and optimal entanglement witnesses

We introduce the notions of positive and copositive types for entanglement witnesses, depending on the distance to the positive part and copositive part. An entanglement witness W is of positive type if and only if its partial transpose WΓ is of copositive type. We show that if the structural physical approximation (SPA) of W is separable, then W should be of copositive type, and the SPA of WΓ is never separable unless W is of both positive and copositive types. This shows that the SPA conjecture is meaningful only for those of copositive type. We provide examples to show that the SPA conjecture fails even for the case of copositive types.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermodynamic and Dyeing Properties of Disperse Dyes Derived from 2-Amino-4-Trifluoromethylbenzothiazole

Monoazo disperse dyes were synthesized using heterocyclic amine by the process of diazotization and coupling. The dyes were synthesized by coupling different components to 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylbenzothiazole. The coupling components used are N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, bis(2-cyanoethyl)aniline, 3-acetylamino- N, N-diethylaniline, 5acetylamino-2-methoxy-N,N-diethylaniline, 2-Naphthol and 1-Naphthol respectively. The different properties of the dyes such as yield, melting point, molecular weight, molecular structure, molar extinction coefficient, degree of exhaustion and wash fastness properties on nylon were analysed. The thermodynamic parameters of the seven dyes on polyster were also investigated. The results showed that the dyes have very good extinction coefficient and excellent wash fastness, thus can be of commercial significance. The standard affinities of the dyes on polyester varied between 10.29 kJmol -1 to 20.60 kJmol -1 . The implication of the standard affinities is that dye with ∆ μ θ 20.6kJmol -1 has highest % exhaustion. [Report and Opinion. 2009; 1(5):58-66]. (ISSN: 1553-9873).
Micro gas turbine combustor performances in CO2/O2 oxidizer atmosphere

In fossil fuel energy power plants the oxy-combustion technique, is one of the possible approaches to the problem of greenhouse gases emissions, through the CO2 capture and subsequent storage. It is realized using recirculated flue gas enriched with oxygen as oxidizer and it is suitable more than other techniques to retrofit existing plants. The commercial gas turbine combustors currently available are however designed and optimized for air combustion. In this work, through a series of CFD simulations, a typical commercial micro turbine burner has been tested in oxy-combustion conditions, in order to verify the performances. Through this study it has been shown how these class of combustors cannot be used in an optimal way in terms of efficiency, pollutant emissions and oxygen consumption. Some possible solutions have been also proposed.
A reconstruction of radiocarbon production and total solar irradiance from the Holocene 14 C and CO 2 records: implications of data and model uncertainties

Abstract. Radiocarbon production, solar activity, total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar-induced climate change are reconstructed for the Holocene (10 to 0 kyr BP), and TSI is predicted for the next centuries. The IntCal09/SHCal04 radiocarbon and ice core CO2 records, reconstructions of the geomagnetic dipole, and instrumental data of solar activity are applied in the Bern3D-LPJ, a fully featured Earth system model of intermediate complexity including a 3-D dynamic ocean, ocean sediments, and a dynamic vegetation model, and in formulations linking radiocarbon production, the solar modulation potential, and TSI. Uncertainties are assessed using Monte Carlo simulations and bounding scenarios. Transient climate simulations span the past 21 thousand years, thereby considering the time lags and uncertainties associated with the last glacial termination. Our carbon-cycle-based modern estimate of radiocarbon production of 1.7 atoms cm−2 s−1 is lower than previously reported for the cosmogenic nuclide production model by Masarik and Beer (2009) and is more in-line with Kovaltsov et al. (2012). In contrast to earlier studies, periods of high solar activity were quite common not only in recent millennia, but throughout the Holocene. Notable deviations compared to earlier reconstructions are also found on decadal to centennial timescales. We show that earlier Holocene reconstructions, not accounting for the interhemispheric gradients in radiocarbon, are biased low. Solar activity is during 28% of the time higher than the modern average (650 MeV), but the absolute values remain weakly constrained due to uncertainties in the normalisation of the solar modulation to instrumental data. A recently published solar activity–TSI relationship yields small changes in Holocene TSI of the order of 1 W m−2 with a Maunder Minimum irradiance reduction of 0.85 ± 0.16 W m−2. Related solar-induced variations in global mean surface air temperature are simulated to be within 0.1 K. Autoregressive modelling suggests a declining trend of solar activity in the 21st century towards average Holocene conditions.
ASSESSING THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF A CONSISTENT ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN ON CONSUMER MEMORY

How effective is an advertising campaign that has consistently used the same theme since consumers' early childhood? To answer that question one has to consider the effect the campaign has had on consumers' memory. This research begins by discussing the structure of memory and schematic processes that occur when similar or related information is presented over time. Evidence is reviewed which suggests that early exposure would be critical in the brand schema's development. An experiment that tests the strength of the brand schema in a competitive environment and a survey that explores the importance of time of initial exposure to present-day affect and attitudes toward the brand are presented. The implications of the results for advertising research and practice are then discussed.
Detectable parallelism in the importance and the effects of perceived interactivity on students and internet users’ attitude: the case of Morocco and Tunisia

This article aims at hypothesizing about existing correlations between interactivity and subsequent learning in Moroccan class and interactivity and consumers’ purchase intent in Tunisia. On the one hand, it investigates whether and to what extent any sociolinguistic view to language will be needed or should be applicable to the classroom situation, whether students indeed constitute an entity that owes much of its language success to the degree of sociability among the learners and the type of activity and interaction/interactivity that take place during the learning process. On the other hand and in parallel to this classroom investigation, although the importance of interactivity in website design is well recognized in Tunisia, the attention paid to understanding the impact of interactivity on consumers remains mixed. This study, therefore, draws a coextending analysis to understand how the interactivity of web commerce sites can influence the purchase intent of consumers through cognitive and emotional involvement to the website. The results indicate that the active control, reciprocal communication and synchronicity lead to cognitive and emotional involvement of the users. The general framework for investigation is founded both on a Pragmatic-Linguistic Perception (PLP) to language and on a Stimulus -Organism -Response (SOR) paradigm highlighting, thus, how research on the area of perceived interaction/interactivity may lead to answers to fundamental questions raised through research on teacher’s feedback, interaction and subsequent learning in class on one hand and internet users’ emotional and cognitive involvement and ultimate purchase intent on the other.
Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep North Atlantic biodiversity at risk

This study aims to evaluate the potential for impacts of ocean acidification on North Atlantic deep-sea ecosystems in response to IPCC AR5 Representative Con- centration Pathways (RCPs). Deep-sea biota is likely highly vulnerable to changes in seawater chemistry and sensitive to moderate excursions in pH. Here we show, from seven fully coupled Earth system models, that for three out of four RCPs over 17 % of the seafloor area below 500 m depth in the North Atlantic sector will experience pH reductions ex- ceeding 0.2 units by 2100. Increased stratification in re- sponse to climate change partially alleviates the impact of ocean acidification on deep benthic environments. We report on major pH reductions over the deep North Atlantic seafloor (depth > 500 m) and at important deep-sea features, such as seamounts and canyons. By 2100, and under the high CO2 scenario RCP8.5, pH reductions exceeding 0.2 ( 0.3) units are projected in close to 23 % ( 15 %) of North Atlantic deep-sea canyons and 8 % (3 %) of seamounts - including seamounts proposed as sites of marine protected areas. The spatial pattern of impacts reflects the depth of the pH per- turbation and does not scale linearly with atmospheric CO2 concentration. Impacts may cause negative changes of the same magnitude or exceeding the current target of 10 % of preservation of marine biomes set by the convention on bio- logical diversity, implying that ocean acidification may offset benefits from conservation/management strategies relying on the regulation of resource exploitation.
Mycobiota of Lupinus albus seeds from a public germplasm collection

Seedborne mycobiota of Lupinus albus was assessed using blotter paper and agar media with Rose Bengal or semi-selective media for Pythium or Fusarium . Samples of 200 seeds were taken from each of 16 inventories, comprising 14 accessions originating from Germany, France, Ukraine, Syria, Hungary or Spain, and increased 1-2 times through propagation by the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station. A total of 307 fungus isolates were recovered and preserved with over 96% belonging to 10 genera: Penicillium (47%), Cladosporium (32%, including Cladosporium -like Chalastospora ) , Alternaria (4%), Aspergillus (4%), Fusarium (3%), Rhizopus (3%) , Ulocladium (3%), Chaetomium (0.5%) and Arthrinium (< 0.5%). By sub-sampling, fungi were further identified by morpho-cultural characters and/or DNA sequences as Alternaria infectoria , A. alternata, and A. tenuissima species-groups, Arthrinium arundinus , Aspergillus niger , Chalastospora gossypii , Cladosporium herbarum and C. cladosporioides species complexes, Chaetomium sp. , Fusarium acuminatum , Rhizopus stolonifer , and Ulocladium atrum group. Penicillia included P. hordei , but most Penicillia could not be assigned species names either by morphological traits or β-tubulin DNA sequence data.
Efficient protocol for in vitro callus induction and indirect plant regeneration of Solanum viarum (Dunal) - An important anticancer medicinal plant

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to standardize a protocol for rapid callus induction and plantlet regeneration from young leaves and in nodal explants of Solanum viarum (D) was described. For in vitro callus induction auxins such as IAA, NAA and 2, 4-D in combination with cytokinins like BAP and Kn were used. High fre- quency of greenish colored, fragile to nodular organogenic calli was obtained in nodal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA (3.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.5 mg/l). Indirect shoot organogenesis was achieved from the callu s using BAP (2.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l) induced maximum frequency of shoot regeneration (96%) with the maximum shoot number (16.2±0.14). All the in vitro raised shoots with the length of 3.0 -5.0 cm were transferred to rooting medium sup- plemented with different concentrations of auxins such as IAA, NAA and IBA (0.5 -2.0 mg/l). The best rooting response with high rooting frequency (96%) with the highest number of roots (18.3±0.21) were obtained on IBA (1.0 mg/l). The well rooted plantlets were transferred t o polycups containing soil and vermiculite in 1:1 ratio for hardening. Finally the hardened plantlets were transferred to field conditions. Rooted shoots showed the (98%) of survivability .
Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Hypophosphatemia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Hypophosphatemia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Impaired serum phosphate levels may contribute to respiratory muscle weakness that further negatively impacts Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. Recently, Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23) has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of body phosphate. The current study includes 2 groups: 70 COPD patients and 34 control subjects. Blood samples were taken for a panel of routine lab tests. FGF-23 was measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. Plasma FGF-23 levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (P=0.000). Tubular maximum absorption of phosphate was significantly reduced in COPD patients compared to the control group (P=0.04). Plasma FGF-23 negatively correlated with FEV1 and serum albumin. Elevated plasma FGF-23 levels found in COPD patients correlated with disease severity and may represent an additional factor causing low serum phosphate. Faktor Rasta Fibroblasta 23 i Hipofosfatemija Kod Pacijenata sa Hroničnom Opstruktivnom Bolešću Pluća Poremećeni nivoi fosfata u serumu mogu dodatno oslabiti respiratorne mišiće, što negativno utiče na pacijente sa hroničnom opstruktivnom bolešću pluća (HOBP). Nedavno je pokazano da faktor rasta fibroblasta 23 (FGF-23) ima važnu ulogu u regulisanju nivoa fosfata u telu. Ova studija obuhvatila je dve grupe: 70 pacijenata sa HOBP i 34 kontrolna subjekta. Uzeti su uzorci krvi za panel rutinskih laboratorijskih testova. FGF-23 meren je pomoću komercijalnih ELISA testova. Nivoi FGF-23 u plazmi bili su značajno viši u grupi pacijenata nego u kontrolnoj grupi (P=0,000). Maksimalna tubularna apsorpcija fosfata bila je značajno snižena kod pacijenata sa HOBP u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom (P=0,04). FGF-23 u plazmi bio je u negativnoj korelaciji sa FEV1 i albuminom u serumu. Povišeni nivoi FGF-23 u plazmi kod obolelih od HOBP u korelaciji su sa stadijumom oboljenja i možda predstavljaju dodatni faktor odgovoran za nizak nivo fosfata u serumu.
The relationship between matrix GLA protein (MGP) and carotid stenosis Relaia între proteina GLA matriceal (MGP) i stenoza carotidian

Serum matrix GLA protein was correlated with vascul ar calcification and atherosclerosis risk factors, however the relationship with carotid stenosis was not studied insofar. Objectives: to study the relat ionship between matrix GLA protein and carotid stenosis and its deg ree. Methods: 60 patients were studied, 23 males an d 37 females, aged 67.25 ± 9.42 years. Each patient was su bmitted to an Eco Doppler carotid examination, caro tid stenosis being classified as insignificant 50%. In each patient, matrix GLA pwas determined using ELISA method. Results: there were significant differences of matrix GLA protein serum level between subjects with (>20%) and without carotid st enosis (22.85 ± 2.92 nmol/L vs. 19.70 ± 3.06 nmol/L , p 50% 23. 46 ± 3.83 nmol/L). It was possible to establish a cut-of f value for severe stenosis (cut-off value 21.5 nmo l/L, AUROC 0.637, sensibility 75%, specificity 55.8%). In turn , matrix GLA protein level concentration did not co rrelate with cardiovascular risk factors, no significant differe nces being registered in relationship with sex, hyp ertension (21.85 ± 3.45 nmol/L vs. 21.1 ± 2.36 nmol/L), diabetes mel litus (21.77 ± 3.49 vs. 21.74 ± 3.29 nmol/L), obesi ty (21.44 ± 3.82 vs. 21.87 ± 3.09 nmol/L) or smoking habit (20. 91 ± 3.71 vs. 21.86 ± 3.29 nmol/L). Conclusion: ser um matrix GLA protein level may be used as both arterial calc ification and carotid atherosclerosis index.