Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasticity and polymorphism in seed germination of Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae)

— Seeds of 12 populations of Mimulus guttatus representative of the Wasatch Mountain ecotype were incubated for 17 months (one natural season plus a year) in five artificial climates found in phytotron studies to be important to the growth of the plants of that form of monkey flower. In all but the coldest climate, germination occurred promptly (3-8 days, on average), peaked during the first three weeks, and then tapered off gradually well into the second season. Generally, the amount and timing of germination was plastic, showing much the same range of responses in widely different climates both overall and for individual populations. However, in some cases, there were significant differences between populations indicative of polymorphism within the species. For example, germination was significantly slower, more variable, and less in amount the higher the elevation of origin of the populations. The responses of the population suggest the presence of both nuich plasticity and much polymorphism for germination characteristics in this form of M. guttatus. The purpose of this investigation is to study seed germination in the yellow Monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus Fischer ex DC, in greater depth than was possible in the earlier surveys (Vickery 1963, 1967). In those surveys small samples of a series of species and varieties of Mimulus were studied in a broad range of artificial climates. The present study concentrates on the Wasatch ecotype of Mimulus guttatus (Vickery 1978) and on five artificial climates found in phytotron studies to be important for the growth of M. guttatus (Vickery 1972, 1974). Materials and Methods Seeds from 12 populations of M. guttatus were collected for the study from the Wasatch mountain area of northern Utah and southern Idaho (Table 1). The experiments were carried out in four laboratory artificial climates and one greenhouse climate (Table 2). The seeds were germinated on moist blotters in petri dishes. Samples of 500 seeds, 125 per petri dish, were used for each population in each climate. The climates included extremes of the earlier studies (1 and 5), optimal and suboptimal growth conditions (3 and 4, respectively), and the contrasts of fluctuating and steady temperatures (1 and 2 vs. 3, 4, and 5). Germination was scored for 17 months, that is, through the 5-month germination season normal for M. guttatus in the Wasatch Mountains plus an additional year. Results and Discussion Overall, germination in the four warmer climates (2-5), started as early as the third Table 1. Origins of the populations of Mimulus guttatus studied, arranged by culture number, locality, and
Convergence in Global Environmental Performance - Assessing Country Heterogeneity

A large body of literature explores convergence in environmental performance (EP) using a simple measure of the percentage change of per capita CO2 as dependent variable and the level of per capita CO2 and GDP as explanatory variables. As such it conforms to the standard convergence literature in the economic growth literature. This study differs from these studies by constructing a measure based on production theory, where production processes explicitly results in the production of two outputs; a good output (GDP) and a bad output (CO2). Based on this we derive an EP index that can be expressed as the ratio of the inverse of the change of the emission intensity. We use the derived EP index to test the beta-convergence hypothesis for a panel of 94 countries. The results reveal strong evidence in support of beta-convergence in environmental, or carbon, performance. Moreover we find evidence of heterogeneity between groups of countries in line with the concept of “club” convergence and also heterogeneity between countries within country groups, especially for the high-income group. Additionally, we find evidence of a negative relation between environmental performance and fossil fuel share both at the global level as well as within sub-samples, which tend to vary with capital intensity. As such the results conform to the results from studies of the dynamics of per capita emissions. These results are therefore very informative and can help in both regional and international negotiations regarding burden sharing of global CO2 emissions. The results also suggest a balanced policy mix between efficiency and conservation policies in order to promote good environmental performance.
GALAXY PROPERTIES AND UV ESCAPE FRACTIONS DURING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION: RESULTS FROM THE RENAISSANCE SIMULATIONS

Cosmic reionization is thought to be primarily fueled by the first generations of galaxies. We examine their stellar and gaseous properties, focusing on the star formation rates and the escape of ionizing photons, as a function of halo mass, redshift, and environment using the full suite of the Renaissance Simulations with an eye to provide better inputs to global reionization simulations. This suite probes overdense, average, and underdense regions of the universe of several hundred comoving Mpc3, each yielding a sample of over 3000 halos in the mass range of 107–109.5 at their final redshifts of 15, 12.5, and 8, respectively. In the process, we simulate the effects of radiative and supernova feedback from 5000 to 10,000 Population III stars in each simulation. We find that halos as small as 107 are able to host bursty star formation due to metal-line cooling from earlier enrichment by massive Population III stars. Using our large sample, we find that the galaxy-halo occupation fraction drops from unity at virial masses above 108.5 to ∼50% at 108 and ∼10% at 107 , quite independent of redshift and region. Their average ionizing escape fraction is ∼5% in the mass range of 108–109 and increases with decreasing halo mass below this range, reaching 40%–60% at 107 . Interestingly, we find that the escape fraction varies between 10%–20% in halos with virial masses of ∼3 × 109 . Taken together, our results confirm the importance of the smallest galaxies as sources of ionizing radiation contributing to the reionization of the universe.
The effects of catastrophizing and labeling on pain tolerance, sensation, and affect

The Effects of Catastrophizing and Labeling on Pain Tolerance, Sensation, and Affect by Otto Pedraza Dr. Marta Meana, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Psychology University of Nevada, Las Vegas The present study examined the effects of labeling on pain tolerance, sensation, and affect for individuals who are high or low pain catastrophizers, as measured through the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Participants completed the PCS and were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 labeling conditions: A maximizing, a minimizing, and a neutral label condition. All participants then took part in a cold-pressor test. The com­ pressor measure o f pain tolerance, as well as visual analog scales of sensory and affective ratings of pain, provided the dependent measures. Participants also completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (AST) and the Somatic Amplification Questionnaire (SAQ). Results indicated that high pain catastrophizers have significantly reduced pain tolerance, increased pain sensations, and increased pain unpleasantness compared with low pain catastrophizers. In addition, significant correlations were foimd between the dependent measures. Main effects for labeling, and interaction effects between pain catastrophizing and labeling, were not supported.
Physiological and growth responses of the montane bryophyte Racomitrium lanuginosum to atmospheric nitrogen deposition.

• The effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on the moss Racomitrium lanuginosum within montane heath in Scotland were investigated over 5 yr. • Permanent field plots were sprayed with KNO3 or NH4 Cl solutions, at doses equivalent to 10 and 40 kg N ha-1 yr-1 , in 3-6 applications each summer. • Racomitrium growth and cover were severely reduced by N addition, whilst the proportion of dead shoots greatly increased. N dose decreased inducibility of shoot nitrate reductase activity (NRA), suggesting that N saturation of Racomitrium occurred, and caused an increase in potassium leakage. At high dosage, effects of NH4 + were more detrimental than NO3 - . • Physiological responses to N indicate that the habitat's critical load (CL) is exceeded by addition of 10 kg N ha-1 yr-1 . The differential toxicity of the two forms of N suggests that predominant ion type in deposition should be taken into consideration when CLs are set. In contrast to tissue N, NRA correlated well with shoot growth, and may thus be a useful biological indicator of moss condition.
Foot-raising behaviour and active participation during the initial phase of post-metamorphic drifting in the gastropod Lacuna spp.

Macroc~nematographic video recordings showed that Lacuna spp can ploduce a mucous thread and Initiate drifting when exposed to water flows (parhcularly oscillating currents) The gastropods can play an active role in thelr dispersal by raislng the metapodlum regardless of their orientahon to water flow direction until most of the sole s surface no longer contacts the substratum (only the most antenor [propodial] region remalns flued) The mucus produced and accumulated at the posterior of the sole of the foot is then taken away \mth the water current, and stretched up to 160 times the length of the gastropod The mucous thread pulled by water currents then transports the gastropod enabling it to drift in an almost neutrally buoyant fashion In Lacuna spp , the productton of a mucous thread also greatly reduces sinking rates (3to 8-fold), while extension of the foot and antennae during the descent does not Mucous threads also increase the drifting gastropod s ability to obtain rapid contact with, and attach to, nearby substrata
Self-Efficacy and Writing: A Different View of Self-Evaluation

Both in our teaching and in our research, self-evaluation is coming to be recognized as an important facet of the writing process. Donald Murray first opened our eyes to the importance of self-evaluation when he described how he conducts a writing conference. One of the first questions he asks when a writer turns in a piece is "How do you feel about it? " He then goes on to ask a series of questions that encourage the writer to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the work. In a recent CCC article, "How Writers Evaluate Their Own Writing" (CCC, May, 1982), Susan Miller similarly stresses that self-evaluation is an essential step in effective writing processes. Several other composition researchers including Beach, Perl, Pianko, Flower and Hayes, and Sommers have demonstrated that assessment of one's written work can influence
Direct Numerical Simulation of a Hypersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Large Domain

The direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a spatially-developing hypersonic turbulent boundary layer is presented. The freestream Mach number is M∞ = 7.2. The simulation is performed on a large computational domain resulting in a variation of Reynolds number based on momentum thickness from a value of Reθ = 1650 at the inlet of the domain to Reθ = 3300 at the outlet. A large rescaling length is used in the prescription of the inflow boundary condition to minimize spurious numerical correlation between the inflow and recycling plane. The evolution of boundary layer parameters and basic statistics with streamwise distance through the computational box is investigated. An effect of the wall temperature condition in the DNS (cold wall) on the behavior of the boundary layer is observed.
Effects of selenium on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Selenium (Se) supply (0, 3, 6, 12, 24 mg kg −1 ) on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, Se accumulation and distribution of flue-cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). Results showed that low-dose Se treatments (≤6 mg kg −1 ) stimulated plant growth but high-dose Se treatments (≥12 mg kg −1 ) hindered plant growth. Optimal Se dose (6 mg kg −1 ) stimulated plant growth by reducing MDA content and improving photosynthetic capability. However, excess Se (24 mg kg −1 ) increased MDA content by 28%, decreased net photosynthetic rate and carboxylation efficiency by 34% and 39%, respectively. The Se concentration in the roots, stems, and leaves of the tobacco plants significantly increased with increasing Se application. A linear correlation ( R = 0.95, P leaf > stem. The Se concentration in the roots was 3.17 and 7.57 times higher than that in the leaves and stems, respectively, after treatment with 24 mg kg −1 Se. In conclusion, the present study suggested that optimal Se dose (6 mg kg −1 ) improved the plant growth mainly by enhancing photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency and Rubisco content in the flue-cured tobacco leaves. However, the inhibition of excess Se on tobacco growth might be due to high accumulation of Se in roots and the damage of photosynthesis in leaves.
Influence of the quality of mother plants on selected parameters of Fragaria x ananassa ‘Elsanta’ daughter plants

High quality planting material is the basis for good strawberry yields. The productivity of strawberry mother plants depends on many factors, but there is little published work on the effects of type and initial size of mother plants on the quality of daughter plants. In the presented study, strawberry mother plants (cultivar ‘Elsanta’) were grown in an unheated tunnel in plastic pots filled with peat-based substrate (5 dm 3 ). The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of type (fresh-dug plants and frigo) and initial size (A and A+ plants) of strawberry mother plants on selected parameters of daughter plants (crown diameter, fresh and dry weight as well as number and area of leaves). The study was carried out in 2006 and 2007. Strawberry mother plants were planted in the second decade of April and daughter plants were detached in the second decade of August. All measurements were performed on the second daughter plant on the mother plant runner. Statistical analysis showed that type of mother plants had a significant effect on number of leaves in daughter plants. Daughter plants obtained from mother plants established from fresh-dug plants had the highest number of leaves. The initial size of mother plants significantly influenced the fresh and dry weight of daughter plants. Smaller mother plants (“A-size”) produced daughter plants with higher fresh and dry weight. The results obtained in the second year of the study were affected by high incidence of powdery mildew.
Industrial centralization in Indonesia

In certain situations' economic liberalization policies can increase the degree of spatial centralization of resources and spatial concentration of manufacturing in large metropolitan areas. In addition, historical patterns of location make it difficult to alter the degree of centralization. This article explores these issues by specifying and estimating a nested logit model of industrial location of manufacturing activity in Java, focusing on the unincorporated sector. The results indicate that plants strongly prefer locations with mature plants in related industries which offer a built-up stock of local knowledge. In addition the 1983 liberalization in Indonesia was associated with increased centralization of the unincorporated sector. Although the liberalization gave unincorporated firms better access to government and other centralized services, firms needed to centralize to take advantage of these opportunities because the bureaucratic process is centralized and communications are poor. The relative increased growth of the corporate sector following liberalization may also have helped to further draw unincorporated plants into centralized locations. Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press.
Design of a fully digital analog SiPM with sub-50ps time conversion

The thesis presents a design that implements digitization of an analog SiPM's fast output on chip realized in order to minimize the complexity and increase the photon detection granularity. The design comprises a time-to-digital converter (TDC) in 0.35um CMOS technology. The TDC is a multi-path gated ring oscillator with a 6 bit counter for coarse bits and 9 phase detectors for the fine bits. Schematic and post-layout simulations indicated a 65ps LSB in the typical corner with a DNL of +/-0.55LSB and an INL of +/-1LSB. The TDC design does not comprise any additional calibration circuitry.
Investigating the Temporal Dynamics of Interorganizational Exchange: Patient Transfers among Italian Hospitals1

Previous research on interaction behavior among organizations (resource exchange, collaboration, communication) has typically aggregated those behaviors over time as a network of organizational relationships. The authors instead study structural-temporal patterns in organizational exchange, focusing on the dynamics of reciprocation. Applying this lens to a community of Italian hospitals during 2003–7, the authors observe two mechanisms of interorganizational reciprocation: organizational embedding and resource dependence. The authors show how these two mechanisms operate on distinct time horizons: dependence applies to contemporaneous exchange structures, whereas embedding develops through longer-term historical patterns. They also show how these processes operate differently in competitive and noncompetitive contexts, operationalized in terms of market differentiation and geographic space. In noncompetitive contexts, the authors observe both logics of reciprocation, dependence in the short term and embedding over the long term, developing into population-level generalized exchange. In competitive contexts, they find no reciprocation and instead observe the microfoundations of status hierarchies.
Leisure Facilitators and Recreation Specialization for Female Participants in Running Events

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between leisure facilitators and recreation specialization for female participants in running events. To achieve the goal of this study, 330 surveys were collected from female participants living in the Seoul area selected through a convenience sampling method. After examining the correlation between leisure facilitators and recreation specialization, the relationship between the two variables was assessed through multiple linear regression analysis. First, for socio-demographic variables pertaining to females who participated in running events, significant differences were found between frequency of participating in running events, participants’ running duration, running exercise participation time, and frequency of running exercise participation as sub-factors of leisure facilitators. Second, for socio-demographic variables pertaining to females who participated in running events, significant differences were revealed between income, frequency of participating in running events, participants’ running duration, running exercise participation time, and frequency of running exercise participation as sub-factors of recreation specialization. Last, regarding sub-factors of leisure facilitators for females participating in running events, intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints, and structural constraints had positive effects on past experience as an economic investment in recreation specialization. Intrapersonal constraints and structural constraints had positive effects on centrality-to-lifestyle for recreation specialization factors.
Preliminary phytochemical screening of Diospyros mespiliformis

Ethno medical practice mostly revolves round phytochemistry. Phytochemical screening of medical plants would therefore help discover a wide range of more efficacious drugs safer and cheaper drugs. The various plant parts of Diospyros mespiliformis were collected from Basawa, Zaria. They were air dried, pulvurised and serially extracted by cold extraction procedure starting with methanol. The methanol extract was then serially extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and finally saturated butanol. The result revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides etc. in various extracts of the various plant parts. The work ‘preliminary phytochemical analysis’ of the root extract of the root, leaf and bark extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis has opened up a fresh line of research into discoveries of new drugs in many classes. It will be more fortunate if the new drugs thereafter discovered have better efficacy and less toxicity than the already existing ones in the classes.
Influence of Different Obturation Systems on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Roots

Objective: This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots filled by different obturation systems. Material and methods: Ninety-six upper central incisors were used and decoronated, retaining 12 mm of the roots. On the basis of obturation systems, the roots were divided into 4 groups (n=24): Group1 (COGR): control group (unprepared, unfilled), Group 2 (AVGR): ActiV GP points/ActiV GP sealer, Group3 (GPGR): Gutta percha points/AH plus sealer, and Group4 (GAGR): Gutta percha points/ActiV GP sealer. The last three groups were obturated with the single cone technique. The roots were then stored in 100% relative humidity at 37 °C for 2 weeks. A vertical compressive force was exerted with a universal testing machine until a fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results : Mean (SD) failure loads for groups ranged from 920.51 ± 210.37 to 1113.44 ± 489.42 N. The fracture resistance between the different study groups indicated no statistical difference. Conclusions: ActiV GP system did not exert a significant effect on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.
NGC 5694: another foster son of the Galactic halo

We present the results of the analysis of high-resolution spectra obtained with UVESFLAMES@VLT for six red giant branch stars in the outer-halo metal-poor ([Fe/H]I=1.98 and [Fe/H]II=-1.83) Galactic globular cluster NGC 5694, which has been suggested as a possible incomer by Lee et al. (2006) based on the anomalous chemical composition of a single cluster giant. We obtain accurate abundances for a large number of elements and we find that: (a)the six target stars have the same chemical composition within the uncertainties, except for Na and Al; (b) the average cluster — — — —
Living on the edge: vulnerability to poverty and public transfers in Mexico

Abstract Social policy in Mexico has focused on identifying and supporting households in extreme poverty. Yet, the country has a significant number of households just above the poverty line who are not eligible, by definition, for antipoverty programmes and are at risk of falling into poverty in the event of adverse shocks without appropriate social safety nets. This study uses cross-section and longitudinal data to understand better the profile of those ‘vulnerable’ households, their risk exposure, and the extent to which they are covered by public transfers and insurance mechanisms. The analysis shows that until 2010 most social programmes, including the few with productive components, barely covered the vulnerable. The study calls for public policies to pay attention to the vulnerable and find a policy mix on the continuum between targeted interventions and universal insurance schemes to serve this income group.