Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Umbilical artery aneurysm in a severe growth‐restricted fetus with normal karyotype

Umbilical cord aneurysm is the least common of all the structural anomalies of the placenta and umbilical cord, with only relatively scarce data reported in the literature (Benirschke, 1994). These vascular anomalies have a tendency to rupture or thrombosis leading to poor fetal outcome (Benirschke, 1994). The mainly rare diagnoses of reported umbilical artery aneurysms have concerned fetuses with trisomy 18 and were performed in the third trimester of pregnancy (Sepulveda et al., 2003). In this report, we describe the second-trimester diagnosis of aneurysm of the umbilical artery with early and severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in a fetus with normal karyotype. A 27-year-old woman, gravida 1, was referred to our Fetal Medicine Centre at 22 weeks of gestation due to the detection of severe IUGR and oligohydramnios during a routine prenatal ultrasound. Her previous medical and surgical histories were unremarkable. The patient denied smoking, alcohol, or recreational drug use and there was an accurate gestational dating. At our department ultrasound examination confirmed the severe IUGR with biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length were measured at 42 mm, 135 mm and 27 mm respectively. Severe cardiomegaly with a cardiac area/chest area ratio equal to 0.60 was present, while no arrhythmia or cardiac defects were observed. In the umbilical cord, a single left umbilical artery was found. An anechoic lesion with hyperechogenic rim measuring 16 mm in its larger diameter was located at the level of the placental cord insertion (Figure 1). Color flow and Doppler examinations showed nonpulsatile turbulent flow through the lesion. The lesion appeared to be continuous with the left single artery and not the umbilical vein. Both uterine arteries and umbilical artery showed normal flow velocity waveforms and elevated systolic-diastolic ratio (left uterine artery: RI 0.76; right uterine artery: RI 0.85; umbilical artery: RI: 0.80) and normal middle cerebral artery and ductus venosus blood flow velocimetry. Chromosome
Computer-Mediated Deception: Strategies Revealed by Language-Action Cues in Spontaneous Communication

Abstract Computer-mediated deception threatens the security of online users’ private and personal information. Previous research confirms that humans are bad lie detectors, while demonstrating that certain observable linguistic features can provide crucial cues to detect deception. We designed and conducted an experiment that creates spontaneous deception scenarios in an interactive online game environment. Logistic regression, and certain classification methodologies were applied to analyzing data collected during fall 2014 through spring 2015. Our findings suggest that certain language-action cues (e.g., cognitive load, affective process, latency, and wordiness) reveal patterns of information behavior manifested by deceivers in spontaneous online communication. Moreover, computational approaches to analyzing these language-action cues can provide significant accuracy in detecting computer-mediated deception.
Biologia Plantarum Xx (x): Xxx-xxx, 20xx Anatomy, Photochemical Activity, and Dna Polymorphism in Leaves of Dwarf Tomato Irradiated with X-rays

The response of higher plants to ionising radiation depends on factors related to both radiation properties and plant features including the species, cultivar, age, and structural complexity of the target organ. Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays to investigate the possible variations in leaf morpho-anatomical traits, photosynthetic efficiency, and genomic DNA. In order to assess if and how responses depend on leaf developmental stage, we analysed two types of leaves nearly mature leaves (L1) and actively developing leaves (L2), whose lamina size corresponded to 70 and 25 %, respectively, of the lamina size of fully expanded leaves. Results showed that X-rays prevented full lamina expansion of L2 leaves at all doses and induced early death in tissues of plants irradiated with doses higher than 20 Gy. Most anatomical modifications were not clearly dose-dependent and the radiation-induced increase in phenolic compounds was irrespective of dose. At high doses of X-rays (50 and 100 Gy), photochemical efficiency decreased significantly in both leaf types, whereas total chlorophyll content was significantly decreased only in L2 leaves. The random amplification of polymorphic DNA data showed that X-rays induce mutagenic effects in L2 leaves even at low doses, despite the absence of severe phenotypic alterations. The genetic structure found in the population of samples corroborates the results of anatomical and eco-physiological analyses: the 20 Gy dose seems to mark the threshold dose above which genetic alterations, structural anomalies, and perturbations in the photosynthetic apparatus become significant, especially in actively expanding leaves.
Evaluation of Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging at Inclusion in an Active Surveillance Protocol for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer

PurposeWe aimed to determine whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, by means of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), is able to guide magnetic resonance–guided biopsy in patients fit for active surveillance (AS) and identify patients harboring high-grade Gleason components not suitable for AS. Materials and MethodsOur study was approved by the institutional review board of all participating hospitals, and all patients signed informed consent at inclusion. Fifty-four consecutive patients with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) at inclusion for AS. Cancer-suspicious regions (CSRs) upon 3-T MP-MRI were identified in all patients, and magnetic resonance–guided biopsy was performed in all CSRs to obtain histopathological verification. For all CSRs, a median ADC (mADC) was calculated. Wilcoxon signed ranks and Mann-Whitney tests was performed to detect differences between the groups. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate the accuracy of mADC to predict the presence of PCa in a CSR. Level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. ResultsMean mADC in the CSRs with PCa was 1.04 × 10−3 mm2/s (SD, 0.29), whereas the CSRs with no PCa displayed a mean mADC of 1.26 × 10−3 mm2/s (SD, 0.25; P < 0.001). Cancer-suspicious regions with a high-grade Gleason component displayed a mean mADC of 0.84 × 10−3 mm2/s (SD, 0.35) vs a mean mADC for the low-grade CSRs of 1.09 × 10−3 mm2/s (SD, 0.25; P < 0.05). A diagnostic accuracy of mADC for predicting the presence of PCa in a CSR with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73 was established (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.84). ConclusionsMedian ADC is able to predict the presence and grade of PCa in CSRs identified by MP-MRI.
Analysis of eIF4E and 4EBP1 mRNAs in head and neck cancer

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in conjunction with its binding protein, 4EBP1, regulates the translation of cap‐dependent mRNAs. An aberrant increase in eIF4E shifts the balance in favor of translation of transcripts that promote cell proliferation and malignancy. eIF4E protein is commonly elevated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and its overexpression is associated with increased recurrence. An underlying mechanism for eIF4E overexpression is gene amplification, and we wanted to determine whether eIF4E mRNA could serve as a prognostic maker of HNSCC.
An isoenzyme survey of Trypanosoma brucei s.l. from the Central African subregion: population structure, taxonomic and epidemiological considerations

In order to improve our knowledge about the taxonomic status and the population structure of the causative agent of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Central African subregion, 169 newly isolated stocks, of which 16 came from pigs, and 5 reference stocks, were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, for 17 genetic loci. We identified 22 different isoenzyme profiles or zymodemes, many of which showed limited differences between them. These zymodemes were equated to multilocus genotypes. UPGMA dendrograms revealed one main group: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense group I and 3 T. brucei ‘non-gambiense’ stocks. T. b. gambiense group I zymodemes were very homogenous, grouping all the human stocks and 31% of the pig stocks. Two main zymodemes (Z1 and Z3) grouping 74% of the stocks were found in different remote countries. The genetic distances were relatively high in T. brucei ‘non-gambiense’ zymodemes, regrouping 69% of pig stocks. The analysis of linkage disequilibrium was in favour of a predominantly clonal population structure. This was supported by the ubiquitous occurrence of the main zymodemes, suggesting genetic stability in time and space of this parasite's natural clones. However, in some cases an epidemic population structure could not be ruled out. Our study also suggested that the domestic pig was a probable reservoir host for T. b. gambiense group I in Cameroon.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK RESPONDEN DENGAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM KEGIATAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG NONA DI KOTA AMBON PROPINSI MALUKU

Pengelolaan kawasan Hutan Lindung sering dihadapkan pada dilema antara kepentingan pelestarian hutan sebagai penyanggah berbagai aspek kehidupan dengan kepentingan dan kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap kawasan tersebut. Efektifitas pengelolaan kawasan tersebut akan terganggu karena rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat dan interaksinya yang kurang mendukung. Masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Nona (HLGN) masih memiliki ketergantungan erat dengan kawasan ini dan berhubungan dengan mata pencaharian mereka dari pengelolaan dusungnya. Dusung adalah areal kebun tradisional masyarakat Maluku, dimana terdapat berbagai jenis tanaman berkayu dan didominasi oleh jenis pohon penghasil buah-buahan, sebagian dikombinasikan dengan tanaman-tanaman bermanfaat lainnya maupun hewan ternak. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengukur partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan kawasan Hutan Lindung dan menganalisis heterogenitas dan karakteristik individu dan organisasi masyarakat yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi dalam pengelolaan kawasan Hutan Lindung. Riset ini menggunakan analisis distribusi frekuensi dengan tabulasi silang yang kemudian diuji dengan teknik Chi kuadrat (Chi Square). Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa faktor heterogenitas dan karakteristik (individu dan organisasi) yang mempunyai hubungan erat dan berpengaruh terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan kawasan HLGN adalah pengetahuan tentang hutan lindung, luas penguasaan lahan dusung, status pemilikan dusung, lama keterlibatan dalam organisasi serta hubungan pengurus dan anggota masyarakat dalam organisasi.
The Contribution of Physicians, Physician Assistants, and Nurse Practitioners Toward Rural Primary Care: Findings From a 13-State Survey

Background:Estimates of the relative contributions of physicians, physician assistants (PAs), and nurse practitioners (NPs) toward rural primary care are needed to inform workforce planning activities aimed at reducing rural primary shortages. Objectives:For each provider group, this study quantifies the average weekly number of outpatient primary care visits and the types of services provided within and beyond the outpatient setting. Methods:A randomly drawn sample of 788 physicians, 601 PAs, and 918 NPs with rural addresses in 13 US states responded to a mailed questionnaire that measured reported weekly outpatient visits and scope of services provided within and beyond the outpatient setting. Analysis of variance and &khgr;2 testing were used to test for bivariate associations. Multivariate regression was used to model average weekly outpatient volume adjusting for provider sociodemographics and geographical location. Results:Compared with physicians, average weekly outpatient visit quantity was 8% lower for PAs and 25% lower for NPs (P<0.001). After multivariate adjustment, this gap became negligible for PAs (P=0.56) and decreased to 10% for NPs (P<0.001). Compared with PAs and NPs, primary care physicians were more likely to provide services beyond the outpatient setting, including hospital care, emergency care, childbirth attending deliveries, and after-hours call coverage (all P<0.001). Conclusions:Although our findings suggest that a greater reliance on PAs and NPs in rural primary settings would have a minor impact on outpatient practice volume, this shift might reduce the availability of services that have more often been traditionally provided by rural primary care physicians beyond the outpatient clinic setting.
A novel 2.43 Mb deletion of 7q11.22–q11.23

We present a patient with a novel heterozygous deletion of 7q11.22–q11.23. Standard cytogenetic analysis using the ELN cosmid 82C and the ELN/ LIMK1 cosmid 34B FISH probes suggested a diagnosis of Williams syndrome. Although he has supravalvular aortic stenosis and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, which are common in this condition, he does not have the clinical gestalt of Williams syndrome. 44k oligo array CGH analysis showed a 2.43 Mb deletion, encompassing the proximal 1.43 kb of the Williams syndrome critical region and extending approximately 1 Mb beyond it. The deletion of further genes outside the Williams syndrome critical region does not appear to be having a phenotypic effect at present. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF CHLOROPHYLL AND ITS DERIVATIVES IN THE PIGMENT MIXTURES: HPLC-CHROMATOGRAPHY, VISIBLE AND MASS SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES

This work represents an application of the Visible Spectrometry, High Pres­sure Liquid Cromatography and Electronspray Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry analysis for the identification of chlorophyll and its derivatives, pheophytin and chlorophyllide, in their purified mixtures (the chlorophyll, pheophytin and chlorophyllide fraction, respectively). The chlorophyll, pheophytin and chlorophyllide fractions were obtained by using a pigment extraction from the plant material (Spinacia Oleracea L), coupled with the column chromatography. The main components in the chlorophyll, pheophytin and chlorophyllide fractions were identified as chlorophyll a & b, pheophytin a & b and chlorophyllide a, respectively. Spectrophotometrically determined concentration ratios of the main identified pigments, chlorophyll a/b (in the chlorophyll fraction), pheophytin a/b (in the pheophytin fraction) and chlorophyllide a/b (in the chlorophyllide fraction) were: 4.95/1, 1.05/1 and 6.89/1, respectively.
Evaluation of nanohydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste for occluding dentin tubules.

PURPOSE To compare dentin tubule occlusion by dentifrices containing either nanohydroxyapatite (10%nHAP and 15%nHAP), sodium monofluorophosphate (Na-MFP) or NovaMin (NovaMin). METHODS All 80 participants wore four intraoral appliances bearing dentin blocks while using one of the four test dentifrices (n = 20/dentifrice) twice daily for 14 days. The four appliances were removed in pairs after 7 and 14 days. One treated block from each of the test periods (7 and 14 days) and their untreated controls were examined with SEM to determine the level of tubule occlusion. The remaining two treated blocks and their controls were used to determine tubule permeability to dye solution. Effectiveness was compared statistically (ANOVA/Tukey's) based on % area covered by deposited precipitate layer (%DPL), % dye penetration inhibition (%DPI) and percentage of fully-open (%FOT), partially-occluded (%POT) and completely-occluded (%COT) tubules in each block calculated relative to the number of tubules in their control blocks. RESULTS SEM showed increased %COT and %DPL overtime. After 7 and 14 days, %COT, %POT, %DPL and %DPI were significantly lower with Na-MFP when compared to 10%nHAP (P < 0.01), NovaMin (P < 0.05) and 15%nHAP (P < 0.001), the three of which were not significantly different from each other in those four variables. A reverse trend was observed with %FOT (P < 0.001). Within the same dentifrice, no difference in %COT, %POT, %FOT, %DPI and %DPL after 7 and 14 days, except with Na-MFP in which %DPL significantly (P< 0.05) increased with usage. In conclusion, nanohydroxyapatite-containing and NovaMin-containing toothpastes showed equal and more effectiveness in occluding dentin tubules than Na-MFP toothpaste.
Hearing Preservation Via a Cochleostomy Approach and Deep Insertion of a Standard Length Cochlear Implant Electrode

Objective The suggestion that the depth of insertion of the electrode into the cochlea is critical to hearing preservation has led to the development of a generation of short electrodes designed to minimize intracochlear trauma and avoid contact with the apical region of the cochlea. This study aims to describe our experience of hearing preservation surgery using a deeply inserted standard length electrode array covering the region of residual hearing. Study Design A retrospective case note review was performed identifying cases of attempted hearing preservation using standard length electrodes. Setting Study based at Manchester Royal Infirmary, a tertiary referral center. Patients Fourteen cochlear implants in 13 patients were identified for further analysis from the Manchester Cochlear Implant Programme database. Intervention(s) Each patient received the same design of implant using a “soft” surgical technique. Main Outcome Measure Preoperative and postoperative air conduction thresholds were compared to assess the degree of hearing preservation. Results Successful hearing preservation was demonstrated in 12 of 14 cases, and the postoperative residual hearing thresholds in 3 adolescents receiving a standard length electrode array were found to have improved. Preservation of speech recognition was not measured in this study, rather hearing was tested by pure tone audiogram. Follow-up at the time of this study ranged from 1 week to 23 months. Conclusion This study demonstrates that deep insertion of the electrode into the cochlea does not preclude successful hearing preservation. It also highlights that residual hearing can be consistently preserved using a “cochleostomy” approach.
Discrete-time quantum walk on complex networks for community detection

We define the discrete-time quantum walk on complex networks and utilize it for community detection. We numerically show that the quantum walk with the Fourier coin is localized in a community to which the initial node belongs. Meanwhile, the quantum walk with the Grover coin tends to be localized around the initial node, not over a community. The probability of the classical random walk on the same network converges to the uniform distribution with a relaxation time generally a priori. We thus claim that the time average of the probability of the Fourier-coin quantum walk on complex networks reveals the community structure more explicitly than that of the Grover-coin quantum walk and a snapshot of the classical random walk. We first demonstrate our method of community detection for a prototypical three-community network, producing the correct grouping. We then apply our method to two real-world networks, namely Zachary's karate club and the US Airport network. We successfully reveals the community structure, the two communities of the instructor and the administrator in the former and major airline companies in the latter.
Sporulation in bacillus subtilis. Antigenic changes during spore formation.

1. Antisera, prepared against extracts of cells and spores of Bacillus subtilis, were used in immunoelectrophoretic studies of the changes occurring in cell extracts during the course of spore formation. 2. At least 15 antigens could be detected in vegetative-cell extracts by the antiserum prepared against cell extracts and at least seven could be demonstrated in spore extracts by the homologous antiserum. 3. Cross-absorption studies showed that two of these antigens were probably completely specific for vegetative-cell extracts and that one was probably completely specific for spore extracts. The remainder were probably present in very small quantities in the heterologous extract. 4. In extracts of cells sporulating in an ;exhaustion medium' those antigens characteristic of the spore began to appear about 1hr. after the end of exponential growth. 5. In cells sporulating in a resuspension medium, spore antigens were detected at 4hr. , and by 7hr. a decrease in vegetative-cell antigens was observed. 6. In an asporogenous mutant blocked early in sporulation there was neither an increase in spore antigens nor a decrease in vegetative-cell antigens. 7. In an asporogenous mutant blocked later in sporulation, there was an increase in spore antigens similar to that which occurred in the sporogenous strain.
Effectiveness of a Statewide Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Program in North Carolina.

IMPORTANCE Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a serious condition, with an incidence of approximately 30 cases per 100,000 person-years in the first year of life. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a statewide universal AHT prevention program. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In total, 88.29% of parents of newborns (n = 405 060) in North Carolina received the intervention (June 1, 2009, to September 30, 2012). A comparison of preintervention and postintervention was performed using nurse advice line telephone calls regarding infant crying (January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010). A difference-in-difference analysis compared AHT rates in the prevention program state with those of other states before and after the implementation of the program (January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011). INTERVENTION The Period of PURPLE Crying intervention, developed by the National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome, was delivered by nurse-provided education, a DVD, and a booklet, with reinforcement by primary care practices and a media campaign. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Changes in proportions of telephone calls for crying concerns to a nurse advice line and in AHT rates per 100,000 infants after the intervention (June 1, 2009, to September 30, 2011) in the first year of life using hospital discharge data for January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011. RESULTS In the 2 years after implementation of the intervention, parental telephone calls to the nurse advice line for crying declined by 20% for children younger than 3 months (rate ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87; P < .001) and by 12% for children 3 to 12 months old (rate ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.99; P = .03). No reduction in state-level AHT rates was observed, with mean rates of 34.01 person-years before the intervention and 36.04 person-years after the intervention. A difference-in-difference analysis from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011, controlling for economic indicators, indicated that the intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on AHT rates (β coefficient, -1.42; 95% CI, -13.31 to 10.45). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The Period of PURPLE Crying intervention was associated with a reduction in telephone calls to a nurse advice line. The study found no reduction in AHT rates over time in North Carolina relative to other states. Consequently, while this observational study was feasible and supported the program effectiveness in part, further programmatic efforts and evaluation are needed to demonstrate an effect on AHT rates.