Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular tolerance and safety of intravenous lidocaine in the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 2.1 Historical review . 5 2.2 Pharmacology . 8 2.3 Lidocaine uses . 14 CHAPTER 3: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS . 35 3.1 Statistical analysis and optimal dose determination . 35 CHAPTER 4: ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT OF PREDEFINED DOSES OF INTRAVENOUS LIDOCAINE IN BROILER CHICKENS (Gallus gallus domesticus) PILOT STUDY . 40 4.1 Objective and hypothesis . 40 4.2 Study design . 40 4.3 Experimental design . 41 4.4 Data analysis . 43 4.5 Results . 44 4.6 Conclusions . 45 CHAPTER 5: CARDIOVASCULAR TOLERANCE TO INTRAVENOUS LIDOCAINE IN THE BROILER CHICKEN (Gallus gallus domesticus) EFFECTIVE DOSE 50 DETERMINATION PHASE . 47 5.1 Objective and hypothesis . 47 5.2 Study design . 47 5.3 Experimental design . 48 5.4 Data analysis . 49 5.5 Results . 50 5.6 Conclusions . 51 CHAPTER 6: CARDIOVASCULAR SAFETY OF INTRAVENOUS LIDOCAINE IN THE BROILER CHICKEN (Gallus gallus domesticus) EFFECTIVE DOSE 50 CONFIRMATION PHASE . 54 6.1 Objective and hypothesis . 54 iv 6.2 Study design . 54 6.3 Experimental design . 55 6.4 Data analysis . 55 6.5 Results . 56 6.6 Conclusions . 56 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS . 58 REFERENCES . 64 VITA . 86
The Role of Print Exposure in Reading Skills of Postsecondary Students with and without Reading Disabilities.

Exposure to print is a significa nt predictor of vocabulary growth and declarative knowledge in normally achieving readers (Stanovich,West,&Harrison, 1995). Research has also shown that initial diffe rences in print exposure can be used to predict diffe rences in reading comprehension in children studied ten years aft er initial assessment (Cunningham & Stanovich, 1997). The pr esent study seeks to broaden this research by using print exposure to explore similarities and diffe rences in both reading comprehension and vocabulary in a sample of students with well-documented learning disabilities in the area of reading (RD), and a control group without reading disabilities. Print exposure was related to untimed reading comprehension scores and vocabulary scores for the students with RD and to timed comprehension scores and vocabulary scores for the control group.
A Distance Model of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Cross Entropy to Solve Preference Problem on Alternatives

In the field of decision-making, for the multiple attribute decision-making problem with the partially unknown attribute weights, the evaluation information in the form of the intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, and the preference on alternatives, this paper proposes a comprehensive decision model based on the intuitionistic fuzzy cross entropy distance and the grey correlation analysis. The creative model can make up the deficiency that the traditional intuitionistic fuzzy distance measure is easy to cause the confusion of information and can improve the accuracy of distance measure; meanwhile, the grey correlation analysis method, suitable for the small sample and the poor information decision-making, is applied in the evaluation. This paper constructs a mathematical optimization model of maximizing the synthesis grey correlation coefficient between decision-making evaluation values and decision-makers’ subjective preference values, calculates the attribute weights with the known partial weight information, and then sorts the alternatives by the grey correlation coefficient values. Taking venture capital firm as an example, through the calculation and the variable disturbance, we can see that the methodology used in this paper has good stability and rationality. This research makes the decision-making process more scientific and further improves the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making.
Fuel consumption of some tractor models for ploughing operations in the sandy-loam soil of Nigeria at various speeds and ploughing depths

Tractors acquired in Oyo State-Nigeria are primarily utilized for ploughing operations which represents the most costly single item in the budget of an arable farmer. Tractor fuel consumption constitutes a significant parameter that affects tractors performances for ploughing operations. The effect of ploughing speed and depth on tractors fuel consumption was therefore examined in a bid to establish their optimum operating conditions. The soil characteristics of the study site were determined using laboratory tests. Ploughing operations, using ASABE standard D497.5 , were carried out on 100 × 500 m research farmland using Massey Ferguso n ( MF 435, 100 hp), Fia t ( F130D, 100 hp) and Stey r( CVT170, 100 hp) tractors that were purchased in 2009. Field experiments were conducted at 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 km h -1 ploughing speeds for ploughing depths of 20, 25 and 30 cm. The soil type in the study site is predominantly sandy-loam. Mean fuel consumption for Fiat, MF and Steyr models were 23.35, 23.58 and 24.55 L ha -1 while average of 16.78, 22.02 and 32.67 L ha -1 of diesel were used to plough 20, 25 and 30 cm depths respectively. Fuel consu m ption values increases with ploughing dept significantly, there is 31% increase from 20 to 25 cm and 48% increase from 25 to 30 cm depths. Mean fuel consumption at 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 km h -1 ploughing speeds were 20.0, 24.25 and 27.23 L ha -1 respectively. Fuel consumption increased by 4.25 L (21%) when speed is increased from 5.5 to 6.5 km h -1 and 2.98 L (12%) when speed increases from 6.5 to 7.5 km h -1 . Mean fuel consumptio n (23.35, 23.58, 24.55) L ha -1 for MF, Fiat and Steyr tractors respectively were significantly different at the various speeds and ploughing depths ( p r 2 ≤ 0.99). The most appropriate combination of ploughing operating parameters in terms of tractor fuel economy is achieved using Fiat tractors at 6.5 km h -1 ploughing speed and 25 cm ploughing depth. Tractors’ performance for ploughing operation depends significantly on ploughing speed, ploughing depth and tractor type. However, the depth of crop roots should determine the appropriate ploughing depth in order to minimize expenses on fuel. Keywords: t ractor performance, s oil types, p loughing depth, p loughing speed, f uel consumption
Genetic variation in Coffea canephora L. (Var. Robusta) accessions from the founder gene pool evaluated with ISSR and RAPD

Discovered in Congo in 1898, Coffea canefora var. robusta accounts for 25 to 40% of the coffee grown in the world. Most genetic diversity of robusta coffee accessions conserved in ex situ collections has been estimated from morphological characteristics. There are limited studies on genetic variability and diversity in C. robusta. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess the level of genetic variability among robusta coffee accessions from the founder gene pool in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The present study clearly established the high variability in the Congolese genepool. RAPD primers detected a higher level of polymorphic loci (95%) than ISSR markers (52%). Each accession could be genotyped using RAPD markers and both markers were efficient in revealing the genetic variability. Jaccard’s similarity coefficients generated to determine the genetic distances among accessions, revealed that most of the accessions were genetically distant from each other. The accessions tested represent useful genetic materials for breeding for resistance to tracheomycose and other traits in DRC.
The Immediate and Delayed Effect of Dynamic Assessment on EFL Reading Ability.

Dynamic assessment rooted in sociolinguistic theory of Vygotsky has a long history in applied linguistics but has recently been the hot topic of EFL studies. The present study aimed at investigating the difference between applying dynamic and non-dynamic assessment of EFL reading comprehension ability and examining its immediate and delayed effect. 197 Iranian university students participated in this study. The design of the study was quasi-experimental and several t-tests were used for answering the research questions. The results of the study indicated a significant difference between dynamic and non-dynamic assessment of reading ability in favor of dynamic assessment. Also a beneficial effect of dynamic assessment for EFL readers was found and the effect didn’t fade away over time. This beneficial immediate and delayed effect on EFL reading ability can have useful implications for EFL learners, teachers and testers.
Effects of Corn Processing on In Vitro and In Situ Digestion of Corn Grain in Holstein Steers

This study was conducted to determine effects of whole (intact), coarsely-ground (4 mm), finely-ground (1 mm), steam-flaked and steam-flaked-ground (1 mm) corns on in vitro and in situ DM digestibilities and also in vitrofermentation characteristics. After 48 h incubation, in vitro dry matter digestibilities of whole, steam-flaked, coarsely-ground, steam-flaked-ground, and finely-ground corns were 6.79, 61.68, 76.48, 85.72 and 90.31%, respectively. Steam-flaked-ground corn showed the highest digestibility until 24 h incubation (p<0.01). After 48 h incubation, pH of whole corn decreased with a small range. However the values of pH of other media significantly decreased (p<0.01). The gas productions of finely-ground and steam-flaked-ground corns were higher than those of the other corns (p<0.01). After 24 h incubation, NH 3 -N concentration of finely-ground and steam-flaked-ground corns increased rapidly. Total VFA was the highest in finely-ground corn, followed by steam-flaked-ground, steam-flaked, coarsely-ground and whole corns. Incorporating steam-flaked corn resulted in the highest propionate concentration (p<0.01) and the lowest acetate: propionate value (p<0.05). Finely-ground corn showed the highest in situ DM digestibility throughout the incubation period (p<0.01), followed by coarsely-ground, steam-flaked and whole corns, respectively. Overall, DM of whole corn was merely digested in vitro as well as in situ.
Cost overruns in Swedish transport projects

Cost overrun of transport projects is one of the most important problems in transport planning. It also makes the result of the cost-benefit analyses uncertain, thus decreasing their usefulness for decision making. In recent years more emphasis has been put on improving cost calculations and reducing cost overruns, in Sweden and internationally. Still cost overruns have not decreased. We find that the average cost overrun in Swedish road projects is similar to other countries, while it is lower than in other countries for rail. Small projects (
Systematic Tail Risk

Abstract We test for the presence of a systematic tail risk premium in the cross section of expected returns by applying a measure of the sensitivity of assets to extreme market downturns, the tail beta. Empirically, historical tail betas help predict the future performance of stocks in extreme market downturns. During a market crash, stocks with historically high tail betas suffer losses that are approximately 2 to 3 times larger than their low-tail-beta counterparts. However, we find no evidence of a premium associated with tail betas. The theoretically additive and empirically persistent tail betas can help assess portfolio tail risks.
Household Energy Demand and the Equity and Efficiency Aspects of Subsidy Reform in Indonesia

The proper design of price interventions in energy markets requires consideration of equity and efficiency effects. In this paper, budget survey data from 29,000 Indonesian households are used to estimate a demand system for five energy sources, which is identified by the spatial variation in unit values (expenditures divided by quantities). We correct for the various quality and measurement error biases that result when unit values are used as proxies for market prices. The price elasticities are combined with tax and subsidy rates to calculate the marginal social cost of price changes for each item. The results suggest that even with high levels of inequality aversion there is a case for reducing the large subsidies on kerosene in Indonesia, supporting the reforms that have been announced recently.
High-Performance Polymer Electret for Micro Seismic Generator

Development of micro seismic generator for energy harvesting applications is presented. In order to fabricate MEMS-friendly high-performance electret film, CYTOP is adopted as an electret material and the charge density and the charge stability of CYTOP is experimentally characterized. When corona charging is employed, charge density as large as 2.8 mC/m 2 is obtained for 3 μm-thick CYTOP film, which is 3 times larger than that of Teflon AF. It is found in thermally-stimulated discharge measurement that charge implanted in CYTOP is stable at least up to its glass transition temperature. In power generation experiments using a prototype seismic generator, maximum output power of 6.4 μW is obtained with 1 mm p-p oscillation at 20 Hz. It is also found that the trend of the experimental data is in good accordance with that of the theoretical prediction.
Perceptions of the Drivers of Sexual and Gender Based Violence in Post Conflict Northern Uganda

This paper explores the perceived forms and drivers of sexual and gender based violence in post conflict settings with focus on Northern Uganda. It applied qualitative approaches primarily using indepth interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Study findings revealed that although all forms of violence are perceived to be prevalent, physical and emotional violence were perceived to be the most occurring. Men were perceived to be the main perpetrators of violence. However, there were cases of men who reported to experience violence from women. Few men reported violence to authorities because it was perceived to be stigmatizing; such men would be perceived as weak in a patriarchal society that perceives ideal men to be strong and less susceptible to physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Early marriages are a major form of gender based violence which was perceived as normal in a number of communities despite the evidence that it contributes to negative social and reproductive health outcomes . Sexual violence cases in form of rape, defilement as well as incest were perceived to be on the rise in the sub-region. The study identified several drivers of SGBV including poverty, power imbalances in access to and control over resources, insecurity, blaming HIV infection on female partners, HIV related stigma and discrimination, alcohol and substance abuse.
Physical evaluation, morphological and identification of seminal proteins in Santa Ines sheep

Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Anatomia e Fisiologia Animal, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal, Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal, Belém, Pará, Brasil. Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Laboratório de Proteômica, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Zootecnista, Autônomo, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Médico veterinário, Autônomo, FR Comércio e Serviços Veterinários LTDA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. *Endereço para correspondência: roseanepmoliveira@gmail.com
Approaches to study educational and occupational trajectories and outcomes

http://www.uam. es/ptcedh Departamento Interfacultativo de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Abstract: This article analyzes the main approaches to study educational and occupational outcomes and trajectories. Young people have to decide when and what to study, later on, where to work. Their life levels will depend on those decisions, but the different ways that in both areas they are able to take and their outcomes in education and in the labor market depend on various factors. Among explications it is possible to identify six large approaches: human capital from economics, cultural and social capital from sociology, the socioeconomic status or familiar background approach and the educational and psychological approaches. These approaches are not contrary necessarily, they can be complementary, and their explanatory power depends on place and time, however, the literature does not have an effort to present together their contributions, methodologies and empirical results. This work seeks to remedy that situation and to point out some methodological and empirical weakness.
The audit expectation gap in Malaysia : an investigation into its causes and remedies

Increased litigation and criticism of auditors has left little room for doubt that auditors are facing a liability and credibility crisis. The auditing profession has named this problematic issue the “audit expectation gap”. To complement the previous study of Lee et al (2007), this study aims to investigate the causes of the audit expectation gap in Malaysia. 35 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. This study found that the causes of the audit expectation gap in Malaysia are complicated. They arise from a combination of misconceptions or ignorance on the part of users, the complicated nature of the audit function, unreasonable expectations, inappropriate legislation, and under-performance by auditors due to reasons including “low balling” and unreasonable audit fees amongst others. This study draws on these findings and proposes various remedies that may help to bridge the audit expectation gap in Malaysia.
Prevalence and Reasons for Smoking among Upper Secondary Schoolboys in Hulu Langat, Malaysia

Smoking in adolescence is a great health concern as it is related to many chronic diseases and mortality in later life. It is also associated with other high-risk behaviours among adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and reasons for smoking among upper secondary schoolboys. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among Form 4 and Form 5 students. Three schools in the District of Hulu Langat were identified and students from these schools were selected randomly. The students were given a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 343 students were included in the study. The prevalence of smoking among the schoolboys was 37%. Although the majority of them initiated smoking between 13-15 years old (67%), 21% of them began smoking below 12years of age (primary school). There was a significant association between adolescent smoking and smoking among family members (p<0.05). The common reasons reported for initiating smoking were curiosity (69%) and peer pressure (51%). However, the common reasons for continuing smoking were stress (70%) and addiction (49%). Schoolwork was reported as the most important factor which contributed to their stress. Smoking prevention programmes should begin early in primary schools. Adolescents should be educated on effective coping strategies in managing stress and learning to be assertive
The Cause of Mountains: The Politics of Promoting a Global Agenda

Due to the localized nature of mountains, their great diversity, and the fact that their specificity is rarely taken into account by national policies, their inscription on the world's environmental agenda can be considered a tour de force. Through the case study of mountains, this paper focuses on the process of framing an environmental object as “global. ” While “global” is usually considered a descriptor, I here look at it as a contingent, constructed, and contested notion. The construction of an object and its framing as environmental and as global are political acts. The goal of this paper is not to demonstrate whether the elaboration of a global mountain agenda is “right” or “wrong” but to demonstrate that it is contingent, i.e. relevant for certain actors in certain contexts. The identification of mountains as a global issue has proven to have implications for certain actors harboring specific agendas and to be a powerful motor for collective action in a globalized world.
Ab initio studies of high-pressure structural transformations in silica

Three successive pressure-induced structural transformations of stishovite ~rutile-structure SiO 2) to denser phases are predicted by the first-principles pseudopotential method within the local-density approximation. The transition from the rutile to the orthorhombic CaCl 2 phase occurs at 47 GPa, the transition from the CaCl 2 to the Pnc2 structure at 98 GPa, and finally thePnc2 phase transforms to the pyrite phase at 226 GPa. It is clearly illustrated that the first transition is associated with an elastic instability which arises from the strong coupling between elastic constants and the softening rutile B1g mode. The fully optimized structures of the four polymorphs of silica are obtained as a function of pressure. In addition, all zone-center transverse optic modes of the rutile and CaCl 2 phases are determined as a function of pressure. The results are in excellent agreement with available experimental data. @S0163-1829~97! 02506-X#
Efect of Personality on Job Performance of Employees: Empirical Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan

2 Abstract: After globalization and privatization phase of banking sector of Pakistan, culture of banks have been transformed into performance based culture so it is highly important for the HRM department of banking sector to hire those employees who can perform at their full potential. This study is investigating that how the personality affects the job performance of employees so that through their personality analysis best performing workforce could be hired for banking sector of Pakistan. Results of the research confirm the hypothesis that personality is a good predictor of performance. Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Openness to Experience has positive and significant effect on Job Performance of employees while neuroticism has negative effect on task and contextual performance of Employees.
Changes in biodiversity and environmental stressors influence community structure of an experimental eelgrass Zostera marina system

Changes in biodiversity can result in decreased ecosystem functioning and loss of ecosystem services, but altered biodiversity is only one of many stressors impacting ecosystems. In many estuaries, environmental stressors such as warming water temperatures and eutrophication are increasing and negatively impacting biological communities, particularly seagrasses such as the important habitat-forming species Zostera marina (eelgrass). These negative impacts may change the diversity, composition, and functioning of this important ecosystem, but the interac- tions of stressors with changes in biodiversity are poorly understood. We manipulated eelgrass communities in a factorial experiment to test how changes in crustacean grazer diversity, warmer water temperatures, and nutrient enrichment interact to affect ecosystem biomass, stability, and community composition. We found that the presence and richness of crustacean grazers had a larger effect on grazer, algal, and sessile invertebrate biomass than experimental warming or nutrient enrichment. Diverse grazer assemblages stabilized epiphytic algal biomass in the face of stressors, and counteracted the promotion of epiphytic microalgae by stressors. Nutrient enrich- ment and warming both promoted epiphytic microalgae, while reducing macroalgae and eel- grass. A more diverse grazer assemblage stabilized epiphytic algal biomass, but we did not detect interactions among environmental stressors and grazer diversity. These results emphasize that loss of herbivore diversity can exacerbate the impacts of environmental stressors on grazing, rel- ative dominance of microalgae versus macrophytes, producer biomass, and stability.