Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronan-CD44 Interaction Promotes c-Src-mediated Twist Signaling, MicroRNA-10b Expression, and RhoA/RhoC Up-regulation, Leading to Rho-kinase-associated Cytoskeleton Activation and Breast Tumor Cell Invasion*

Dysregulation of microRNAs is observed in many cancers, including breast cancer. In particular, miR-10b appears to play an important role in tumor cell invasion and breast cancer progression. In this study, we investigated hyaluronan (HA)-induced CD44 (a primary HA receptor) interaction with c-Src kinase and the transcriptional factor, Twist, in breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231 cells). Our results indicate that HA binding to CD44 promotes c-Src kinase activation, which, in turn, increases Twist phosphorylation, leading to the nuclear translocation of Twist and transcriptional activation. Further analyses reveal that miR-10b is controlled by an upstream promoter containing the Twist binding site(s), whereas ChIP assays demonstrate that stimulation of miR-10b expression by HA/CD44-activated c-Src is Twist-dependent in breast tumor cells. This process results in the reduction of a tumor suppressor protein (HOXD10), RhoA/RhoC up-regulation, Rho-kinase (ROK) activation, and breast tumor cell invasion. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with PP2 (a c-Src inhibitor) or Twist-specific siRNAs effectively blocks HA-mediated Twist signaling events, abrogates miR-10b production, and increases HOXD10 expression. Subsequently, this c-Src/Twist signaling inhibition causes down-regulation of RhoA/RhoC expression and impairment of ROK-regulated cytoskeleton function (e.g. tumor cell invasion). To further evaluate the role of miR-10b in RhoGTPase signaling, MDA-MB-231 cells were also transfected with a specific anti-miR-10b inhibitor in order to silence miR-10b expression and block its target functions. Our results demonstrate that anti-miR-10b inhibitor not only enhances HOXD10 expression but also abrogates HA/CD44-mediated tumor cell behaviors in breast tumor cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that the HA-induced CD44 interaction with c-Src-activated Twist plays a pivotal role in miR-10b production, leading to the down-regulation of tumor suppressor protein (HOXD10), RhoGTPase-ROK activation, and tumor cell invasion. All of these events are critical prerequisite steps for the acquisition of metastatic properties by human breast cancer cells.
Why Brush Your Teeth Is Better Than Teeth – Children's Word Production Is Facilitated in Familiar Sentence-Frames

Adult production is influenced by the larger linguistic contexts in which words appear. Children, like adults, hear words in recurring linguistic contexts, but little is known on the effect of that context on their speech. We look at the production of irregular plurals in English (e.g., mice, feet) to argue that children attend to the larger phrases words appear in and make use of that distributional knowledge in production. We assess the role of linguistic context by comparing irregular plurals elicited with a general question (What are all these? ) versus a lexically specific frequent frame (e.g., Three blind —). In study 1, 4;6 year-olds produced many more correct irregulars after lexically specific frequent frames (72%) than after a general question (32%). Corpus data on spontaneous speech offered analogous findings: Children did not overregularize irregular plurals after lexically-specific frames. In study 2, we confirm children's sensitivity to the relation between particular words and phrases: A familiar frame (So many) enhanced production (52%) but not as much as the lexically specific frames in Study 1. Children's word production is affected by the larger patterns words appear in. Consequently, studies of lexical and morphological acquisition need to take linguistic context into account when assessing children's abilities. This has implications for models of both lexical and morphological acquisition.
More Than a Text Message: Dismantling Digital Triggers to Curate Behavior Change in Patient-Centered Health Interventions

Digital triggers such as text messages, emails, and push alerts are designed to focus an individual on a desired goal by prompting an internal or external reaction at the appropriate time. Triggers therefore have an essential role in engaging individuals with digital interventions delivered outside of traditional health care settings, where other events in daily lives and fluctuating motivation to engage in effortful behavior exist. There is an emerging body of literature examining the use of digital triggers for short-term action and longer-term behavior change. However, little attention has been given to understanding the components of digital triggers. Using tailoring as an overarching framework, we separated digital triggers into 5 primary components: (1) who (sender), (2) how (stimulus type, delivery medium, heterogeneity), (3) when (delivered), (4) how much (frequency, intensity), and (5) what (trigger’s target, trigger’s structure, trigger’s narrative). We highlighted key considerations when tailoring each component and the pitfalls of ignoring common mistakes, such as alert fatigue and habituation. As evidenced throughout the paper, there is a broad literature base from which to draw when tailoring triggers to curate behavior change in health interventions. More research is needed, however, to examine differences in efficacy based on component tailoring, to best use triggers to facilitate behavior change over time, and to keep individuals engaged in physical and mental health behavior change efforts. Dismantling digital triggers into their component parts and reassembling them according to the gestalt of one’s change goals is the first step in this development work.
Energy allocation strategies for turbo codes with short frames

Turbo codes have been shown to approach the Shannon limit for error correcting capability at low signal-to-noise ratios given large sized frames. Extensive research efforts have been examining ways to enhance the performance of turbo codes for short frames (e.g., voice transmission). One way of enhancing the performance is to optimize the energy allocated to each bit stream to achieve the best performance possible. In standard turbo codes, all bits are transmitted with equal energy. Changing the energy allocation strategy can enhance the performance of turbo codes with short frame lengths. Using computer simulation and analytic bounds, different strategies are discussed and applicability to short frame applications investigated.
Conserved and Divergent Rhythms of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism-Related and Core Clock Gene Expression in the Cactus Opuntia ficus-indica1[C][W]

The cactus Opuntia ficus-indica is a constitutive Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species. Current knowledge of CAM metabolism suggests that the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PPCK) is circadian regulated at the transcriptional level, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) are posttranslationally controlled. As little transcriptomic data are available from obligate CAM plants, we created an expressed sequence tag database derived from different organs and developmental stages. Sequences were assembled, compared with sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonredundant database for identification of putative orthologs, and mapped using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Orthology and Gene Ontology. We identified genes involved in circadian regulation and CAM metabolism for transcriptomic analysis in plants grown in long days. We identified stable reference genes for quantitative polymerase chain reaction and found that OfiSAND, like its counterpart in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and OfiTUB are generally appropriate standards for use in the quantification of gene expression in O. ficus-indica. Three kinds of expression profiles were found: transcripts of OfiPPCK oscillated with a 24-h periodicity; transcripts of the light-active OfiNADP-ME and OfiPPDK genes adapted to 12-h cycles, while transcript accumulation patterns of OfiPEPC and OfiMDH were arrhythmic. Expression of the circadian clock gene OfiTOC1, similar to Arabidopsis, oscillated with a 24-h periodicity, peaking at night. Expression of OfiCCA1 and OfiPRR9, unlike in Arabidopsis, adapted best to a 12-h rhythm, suggesting that circadian clock gene interactions differ from those of Arabidopsis. Our results indicate that the evolution of CAM metabolism could be the result of modified circadian regulation at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
onoamine oxidase inhibition by Rhodiola rosea L . roots aphne van Diermena

Aim of the study: Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) is traditionally used in Eastern Europe and Asia to stimulate the nervous system, enhance physical and mental performance, treat fatigue, psychological stress and depression. In order to investigate the influence of Rhodiola rosea L. roots on mood disorders, three extracts were tested against monoamine oxidases (MAOs A and B) in a microtitre plate bioassay. Materials and methods: Methanol and water extracts gave the highest inhibitory activity against MAOs. Twelve compounds were then isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation using chromatographic methods. 1 13 hodiola rosea L.
The effect of intracameral epinephrine on pupil size during phacoemulsification and its postoperative effect on specular findings and macular thickness

Objective: To evaluate pupillary size and vital signs following intraoperative intracameral adrenaline during phacoemulsification and postoperative effect of on co specular microscopy findings and macular thickness by OCT. Methods: A prospective interventional study carried out from December 2014 to December 2015 on 90 eyes. They were divided randomly into further 6 groups (15 each). The inclusion criteria consisted of no history of ocular pathologic conditions, trauma, previous ocular surgery, or recent ocular medication use. All patients were dilated preoperatively by phenylephrine 10% and operated under local peribulbar anesthesia. Then systemic monitoring regarding (pulse rate, blood pressure) and measurement of the horizontal pupil diameter by a caliper to the nearest 0.25mm pre and post intracameral adrenaline injection. Results: In our study there were great effect for intracameral epinephrine, with concentrations used, in dilatation and maintainance of papillary dilatation, The mean pre intracameral epinephrine was 4.53± 1.27 mm.The mean post epinephrine papillary diameter was 6.46± 1.00 mm. Three cases from group 1/10000 weren't dilated properly. Also three cases from group 1/9000 weren't dilated properly after intracameral epinephrine. Conclusion: Intracameral epinephrine even in higher concentrations is effective in papillary dilatation especially in cases with long duration and poorly dilated cases by usual topical mydriatics.
Neutrino dispersion in external magnetic fields

We calculate the neutrino self-energy operator {sigma}(p) in the presence of a magnetic field B. In particular, we consider the weak-field limit eB<<m{sub l}{sup 2}, where m{sub l} is the charged-lepton mass corresponding to the neutrino flavor {nu}{sub l}, and we consider a 'moderate field' m{sub l}{sup 2}<<eB<<m{sub W}{sup 2}. Our results differ substantially from the previous literature. For a moderate field, we show that it is crucial to include the contributions from all Landau levels of the intermediate charged lepton, not just the ground state. For the conditions of the early universe where the background medium consists of a charge-symmetric plasma, the pure B-field contribution to the neutrino dispersion relation is proportional to (eB){sup 2} and thus comparable to the contribution of the magnetized plasma.
Using Support Vector Machines, Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Belief Networks for Partially Occluded Object Recognition

Artificial neural networks have been widely used for machine learning tasks such as object recognition. Recent developments have made use of biologically inspired architectures, such as the Convolutional Neural Network, and the Deep Belief Network. A theoretical method for estimating the optimal number of feature maps for a Convolutional Neural Network maps using the dimensions of the receptive field or convolutional kernel is proposed. Empirical experiments are performed that show that the method works to an extent for extremely small receptive fields, but doesn't generalize as clearly to all receptive field sizes. We then test the hypothesis that generative models such as the Deep Belief Network should perform better on occluded object recognition tasks than purely discriminative models such as Convolutional Neural Networks. We find that the data does not support this hypothesis when the generative models are run in a partially discriminative manner. We also find that the use of Gaussian visible units in a Deep Belief Network trained on occluded image data allows it to also learn to classify non-occluded images.
Smokers' sensory beliefs mediate the relation between smoking a light/low tar cigarette and perceptions of harm

Background The sensory belief that ‘light/low tar’ cigarettes are smoother can also influence the belief that ‘light/low tar’ cigarettes are less harmful. However, the ‘light’ concept is one of several factors influencing beliefs. No studies have examined the impact of the sensory belief about one's own brand of cigarettes on perceptions of harm. Objective The current study examines whether a smoker's sensory belief that their brand is smoother is associated with the belief that their brand is less harmful and whether sensory beliefs mediate the relation between smoking a ‘light/low tar’ cigarette and relative perceptions of harm among smokers in China. Methods Data are from 5209 smokers who were recruited using a stratified multistage sampling design and participated in Wave 3 of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey, a face-to-face survey of adult smokers and non-smokers in seven cities. Results Smokers who agreed that their brand of cigarettes was smoother were significantly more likely to say that their brand of cigarettes was less harmful (p<0.001, OR=6.86, 95% CI 5.64 to 8.33). Mediational analyses using the bootstrapping procedure indicated that both the direct effect of ‘light/low tar’ cigarette smokers on the belief that their cigarettes are less harmful (b=0.24, bootstrapped bias corrected 95% CI 0.13 to 0.34, p<0.001) and the indirect effect via their belief that their cigarettes are smoother were significant (b=0.32, bootstrapped bias-corrected 95% CI 0.28 to 0.37, p<0.001), suggesting that the mediation was partial. Conclusions These results demonstrate the importance of implementing tobacco control policies that address the impact that cigarette design and marketing can have in capitalising on the smoker's natural associations between smoother sensations and lowered perceptions of harm.
Design of a Tapered and Twisted Blade for the NREL Combined Experiment Rotor

A tapered/twisted blade was designed to operate on the Combined Experiment Rotor (CER) of the National Renewable Energy Lab. , which is a stall-regulated downwind wind turbine having a rated power of 20 kilowatt. The geometry of the new blade set was optimized based on annual energy production subject to the constraints imposed on the design. These constraints were mainly related to scientific needs for fundamental research in rotor aerodynamics. A trade-off study was conducted to determine the effect of the different design constraints. Based on the results of this study, which considered nonlinear twist and taper distributions as well as the NREL S809, S814, S822 and S823 airfoils, a blade having a linear taper and a nonlinear twist distribution that uses the S809 airfoil from root to tip was selected. This blade configuration is the logical continuation of the previous constant-chord twisted and untwisted blade sets and will facilitate comparison with those earlier blades. Despite the design constraints based on scientific needs, the new blade is more representative of commercial blades than the previous blade sets.
Root-crown ratios of permanent teeth in long-term survivors after acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated during childhood and adolescence

Anti-cancer treatment may affect developing teeth by growth retardation Aim: The aims of the present cross-sectional, descriptive study was to assess the root-crown (R/C) ratios in permanent teeth in long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during childhood, and to compare them to R/C ratios from a healthy Finnish population. Patients and methods: In total 141 CCSs were included in this study of which 72 were males. They were diagnosed with ALL before the age of 16, observed for a minimum of five years after diagnosis and > 18 years at the time of survey. There were 3942 teeth in total and after exclusions 3179 were measured. The results were compared to the R/C ratios of a healthy Finnish population using a method described by Hölttä and coworkers. Crown height and root length were measured on panoramic radiographs (PRGs). Results: Except from maxillary central incisors, the results show no difference in R/C ratios between genders (P < 0,05). In male CCSs there was a lower R/C ratio in maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars compared to the healthy Finnish population (P < 0,05). In female CCSs there was a lower R/C ratio in maxillary laterals, canines, premolars and molars and mandibular premolars and first molars (P < 0,05). When comparing the age groups; <5, 5-13, ≥13, there was a significant difference between maxillary second molars, mandibular premolars and second molars. For maxillary second molars the R/C ratio was lowest in the age groups 5-13 and ≥13. For mandibular premolars and second molars the R/C ratio was lowest in the group 5-13. Conclusion: The results in this study show that R/C ratios of permanent teeth in CCSs are lower for several of the tooth pairs. This indicates that ALL treatment may affect tooth development.
Targeting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with the chimeric monoclonal antibody G250 labeled with (131)I or (111)In: an intrapatient comparison.

PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that the chimeric monoclonal antibody G250 (cG250) can be internalized by G250 antigen-expressing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. Thus, accumulation in tumors of cG250 labeled with residualizing radionuclides might be higher than that of nonresidualizing (131)I-cG250. Here, we present a study comparing intrapatiently the accumulation of (131)I-cG250 and (111)In-cG250 in RCC metastases. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Five patients were i.v. injected with 222 MBq (111)In-ITC-DTPA-cG250 and 222 MBq (131)I-cG250 on days 0 and 4, respectively. Directly and 4 days after the injection of both antibody preparations, whole body gamma camera images were acquired. The scintigraphic images were analyzed visually and quantitatively. The radioactivity in tissues was calculated and expressed as percentage injected dose in organs or percentage injected dose/g in metastases. For the latter, tumor:blood ratios were also calculated. Twenty-five metastases were analyzed completely. RESULTS At 4 days postinjection, the (111)In-ITC-DTPA-cG250 images revealed more metastatic lesions (n = 47) than (131)I-cG250 (n = 30). Quantitative analysis of the images showed higher activities of (111)In-ITC-DTPA-cG250 than (131)I-cG250 in 20 of 25 lesions. The mean overall half-life of both antibody preparations in plasma was similar. CONCLUSIONS (111)In-ITC-DTPA-cG250 outperformed (131)I-cG250 for visualization of metastatic RCC lesions, not just because of the superior gamma camera characteristics of (111)In, but more importantly, also because higher tumor:blood ratios were obtained. The higher activities of (111)In-ITC-DTPA-cG250 in metastatic lesions might be caused by internalization and subsequent intracellular retention of the radiolabel, implying that in future radioimmunotherapy trials with cG250 in RCC patients, the use of a residualizing radionuclide should be considered.
Surgical bypass and permanent iodine-125 seed implantation vs. surgical bypass for the treatment of pancreatic head cancer

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Iodine-125 (125I) seed implantation in the treatment of locally advanced unresectable pancreatic head cancer. A prospective nonrandomized study was performed using data collected from patients between January 2009 and December 2012. A total of 34 patients underwent surgical bypass and permanent 125I seed implantation (group A), and 32 patients underwent biliary and gastric bypass (group B). The preoperative variables, operative data, postoperative complications and follow-up information were examined. No significant differences were identified in clinical characteristics, mortality, morbidity and length of hospital stay between the two groups. Tumor responses were significantly different between between patients in group A and B (partial response, 56 vs. 0%, P<0.001; progression, 24 vs. 84%, P=0.013). The time until disease progression was significantly longer in group A compared to group B (8±1 vs. 5±2 months; P<0.001). The median survival time was significantly longer in group A compared to group B (11 vs. 7 months; P<0.001). The quality of life was improved significantly in group A compared to group B. In the first month following surgery, pain scores were improved (24±10 vs. 54±19; P<0.001). Following repeated measure analysis, pain scores were significantly lower in group A compared to group B (P<0.05) at 9 months following surgery. The results of the present study suggest that 125I seed implantation is feasible, safe and effective for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic head cancer.
Modified randomized devices for Simmons' model

To improve the performance of Simmons' randomized response model in the estimation of a sensitive proportion πA, two randomization devices, based on three outcomes, are introduced. The former acts as a dual method to that discussed in Singh et al. (23) since it calls for a "yes" response when a blank card is drawn; the latter resorts to Simmons' device if a blank card occurs. Under the two models, the estimators of πA are obtained in closed form and their efficiency is investigated by means of analytical and numerical comparisons. It is proved that the second device always works better than Simmons' one.
Kursk Explosion by Brian Savage and

On 12 August 2000 two explosions damaged the Russian submarine, the Kursk. The largest event was well recorded at seismic networks in northern Europe, which we then modeled. We developed a hybrid method based on generalized ray theory that treats an explosive source embedded in a fluid and recorded along continental paths. Matching record sections of observations with synthetics, we obtain an estimate of explosive size of slightly over 4 t. Several earth models determined previously, K8 and a Baltic model, were used to assess accuracy. These results are in general agreement with other investigators using more empirical methods. Knowing the conventional missile yield and the explosion size allows for an estimate of approximately five missiles exploded in the second larger explosion onboard the Kursk.