Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intentions Towards Social Entrepreneurship Among University Students In India

Social entrepreneurship is the ability to be an agent of change for various economic, environmental, social and political issues at local and global levels. It is believed that exposure of youth to social entrepreneurial theories and practice in institutes of higher education can impact this change. The students in various universities armed with knowledge and skills that they gained, with the support of entrepreneurial culture and environment while in campus may help them to choose social entrepreneurship as a career option after their formal education. In this backdrop, this research aims to identify the levels of entrepreneurial intentions and social entrepreneurship among University students. A sample of 150 university students across the country was included in the research. Factor analysis was used to identify factors that influence social entrepreneurship intentions. Five factors which influence social entrepreneurship intentions were identified - social entrepreneurship interest, entrepreneurial attitude, proactive personality, entrepreneurship education and perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship amongst social entrepreneurship intentions factors. The results were significant which indicated that there was a positive linear inter-factor association.
GST polymorphisms and early-onset coronary artery disease in young South African Indians.

BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify environmental agents which influence the onset and progression of disease. Dysfunctional detoxification enzymes are responsible for prolonged exposure to reactive molecules and can contribute to endothelial damage, an underlying factor in coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess 2 common polymorphic variant isoforms in GSTM1 and GSTP1 of GST in young CAD patients. METHODS All patients (N=102) were South Africans of Indian ancestry, a population associated with high CAD risk. A corresponding age-, sex- and race-matched control group (N=100) was also recruited. Frequency of the GSTM1 +/0 (v. +/0 and 0/0) and GSTP1 A105/G105 (v. wild-type A105/A105) genotypes was assessed by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively. RESULTS The GSTM1 0/0 and GSTP1 A105/A105 genotypes occurred at higher frequencies in CAD patients compared with the control group (36% v. 18% and 65% v. 48%, respectively). A significant association with CAD was observed in GSTM1 0/0 (OR=2.593; 95% CI 1.353 - 4.971; p=0.0043) and GSTP1 A105/A105 (odds ratio (OR)=0.6011; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3803 - 0.9503; p=0.0377). We found a significant association between smoking and CAD; the presence of either of the respective genotypes together with smoking increased the CAD risk (GSTP1 A105 RR=1.382; 95% CI 0.958 - 1.994; p=0.0987 and GSTM1 null RR=1.725; 95% CI 1.044 - 2.851; p=0.0221). CONCLUSION Our findings support the association of genotypes GSTM1 0/0 and GSTP1 A105/A105 and smoking with CAD.
Comparison of endoscopic brush cytology with biopsy for detection of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastroduodenal diseases.

Upper GI endoscopy was performed in 50 adult patients attending the gastroenterology OPD with gastroduodenal diseases. Gastric antral mucosal brushings were taken for cytological evaluation and urea broth test followed by antral biopsy. The slides prepared were stained with Wright Giemsa (WG), Hema toxylin & Eosin (H&E) and Papanicolaou (Pap). Brush Cytology Smears were compared with biopsy sections for detection of Helicobacter pylori and the staining techniques were evaluated to see which stain was easiest to perform and interpret on routine basis. H&E stained sections were examined for histomorphological parameters associated with H. pylori infection. Brush cytology was rapid and simple with observed sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 100%. On evaluating the various stains, M.B. and W.G. were found to the rapid and easy to perform and the bacteria stood out very well against the background. Of the histomorphological parameters studied, presence of actively and lymphoid aggregates and absence of intestinal metaplasia correlated positively with the presence of the bacteria. Cytological brushing urea broth test was not very sensitive (55.2%) and specific (51%) for detection of the bacteria.
Union partnership as a facilitator to HRM: improving implementation through oppositional engagement

Abstract This paper provides a nuanced insight into the workplace level interactions between a union and HRM systems within a union-management partnership arrangement. Soft outcomes of HRM systems typically suffer from compromised implementation by managers struggling to balance competing operational priorities, but we show how a union limits this poor implementation. Qualitative and documentary data were retrieved from a major UK retailer and a trade union to examine how union activity interacts with HRM delivery. Firstly, union communication systems enhanced or replaced company systems of employee voice. Secondly, union activity policed management implementation of HRM practices to limit their subjugation to short-term productivity increases, improving outcomes for employees and the HRM system for the company. These outcomes were achieved through oppositional engagement within the context of partnership, which points towards a persisting and productive pluralism within the cooperative rhetoric.
Do larger pictorial health warnings diminish the need for plain packaging of cigarettes?

AIMS To assess the effects on brand appeal of plain packaging and size of pictorial health warnings (PHWs). DESIGN Three (30%, 70% and 100% size front-of-pack PHWs) by two (branded versus plain) between-subjects online experiment. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1203 adult smokers. MEASUREMENTS Rating of cigarette brands, smoking attitudes and intentions, purchase intent. FINDINGS Compared to branded packs, plain packs reduced smokers' ratings of 'positive pack characteristics' (P < 0.001), 'positive smoker characteristics' (P < 0.001) and 'positive taste characteristics' (P = 0.039). Plain packs were rated as being smoked by people who were more 'boring' than those who smoked branded packs (P = 0.001). By contrast, increasing size of PHW above 30% only reduced ratings of 'positive pack characteristics' (P = 0.001), but also decreased ratings of smokers as being 'boring' (P = 0.027). Plainness and size of PHW interacted in predicting ratings of 'positive pack characteristics' (P = 0.008), so that when packs were plain, increasing the size of PHW above 30% did not further reduce ratings. Presentation of only plain packs increased the likelihood that smokers would not choose to purchase any pack (20.3%) compared to presentation of only branded packs (15.3%) (odds ratio = 1.4; P = 0.026), while size of PHWs had no influence upon purchase choice. CONCLUSIONS Plain packaging probably plays a superior role in undermining brand appeal and purchase intent to increasing health warning size. Policymakers should not rely solely upon large health warnings, which are designed primarily to inform consumers about smoking harms, to also reduce brand appeal: both strategies are likely to be required.
Small, hard macular drusen and peripheral drusen: associations with AMD genotypes in the Inter99 Eye Study.

PURPOSE To study associations of small, hard macular drusen and peripheral drusen with genotypes associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Digital grayscale fundus photographs recorded in red-free illumination were graded for the presence of drusen in 1107 subjects aged 30 to 66 years. Participants were genotyped for AMD-related polymorphisms in complement factor H (CFH), in LOC387715, and in complement factor B (CFB). RESULTS The prevalence of 20 or more small, hard macular drusen per eye was 14%, with no association to the investigated polymorphisms. Peripheral drusen were associated with CFHY402H (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.4-13, for CC versus TT genotypes) as was macular drusen >63 microm (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1, for CC versus TT genotypes). Macular drusen >63 microm were associated with the presence of 20 or more small, hard macular drusen (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6) and with peripheral drusen (OR, 2.5; 95% CI,1.2-5.4) CONCLUSIONS In this study, the presence of 20 or more small, hard macular drusen per eye was not associated with known AMD-related polymorphisms, whereas the study confirmed an association of peripheral drusen with CFHY402H. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00289237).
Take Charge of Pain: evaluating a community‐targeted self‐management education program for people with musculoskeletal pain

Issue addressed Musculoskeletal conditions are highly prevalent, affecting 28% of the Australian population. Given the persistent nature of many musculoskeletal conditions self-management is recognised as an important aspect of effective disease management. However, participant recruitment and retention for formal self-management programs is a challenge. Methods Arthritis SA (Arthritis Foundation of South Australia, a non-profit community health organisation) redesigned a shorter, community-orientated self-management education program delivered by health professionals. The program utilises aspects of the Stanford model of chronic disease self-management and motivational interviewing as well as principles of adult learning to create an effective learning environment. The program aims to guide participants to learn and practise a range of pain management strategies that are known to be effective in improving quality of life. This study used a pre- and post-test (at 6 weeks) design to determine whether this program achieved benefits in self-reported health outcomes. Outcomes that were measured included pain, fatigue, health distress, self-efficacy and communication. Results A response rate of 47% (n=102) was achieved and small but statistically significant improvements in mean [s.d. ] pain scores (6.1 [2.3] to 5.4 [2.4], P=0.001), health distress (2.3 [1.3] to 2.0 [1.3], P=0.002) and self-efficacy (6.2 [2.1] to 6.8 [2.2], P=0.002) were found. Conclusion Community-based participants of this shorter, focused program recorded small but significant improvements in self-reported pain, health distress and self-efficacy. For those who completed the current program, Arthritis SA is currently exploring the potential of developing a booster session to promote sustainable positive health outcomes. So what? Supporting self-management through education is recognised as important but also as a key challenge for effective management of musculoskeletal conditions. Using a pre-post evaluation design, this study demonstrated effectiveness (short-term improvements for self-reported pain, health distress and self-efficacy) for a redesigned and shortened community-targeted program focusing on musculoskeletal pain.
The relationship between fear and pain levels during needle procedures in children from the parents' perspective

The primary objective was to determine the levels of and potential relationships between procedure‐related fear and pain in children. Secondary objectives were to determine if there are associations between the child's age and sex, diagnostic group, time since diagnosis, time since last needle insertion, cortisol levels and the parent's fear level in relation to fear and pain.
Posttranscriptional Activation of the Transcriptional Activator Rob by Dipyridyl in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT The transcriptional activator Rob consists of an N-terminal domain (NTD) of 120 amino acids responsible for DNA binding and promoter activation and a C-terminal domain (CTD) of 169 amino acids of unknown function. Although several thousand molecules of Rob are normally present per Escherichia coli cell, they activate promoters of the rob regulon poorly. We report here that in cells treated with either 2,2"- or 4,4"-dipyridyl (the latter is not a metal chelator), Rob-mediated transcription of various rob regulon promoters was increased substantially. A small, growth-phase-dependent effect of dipyridyl on the rob promoter was observed. However, dipyridyl enhanced Rob's activity even when rob was regulated by a heterologous (lac) promoter showing that the action of dipyridyl is mainly posttranscriptional. Mutants lacking from 30 to 166 of the C-terminal amino acids of Rob had basal levels of activity similar to that of wild-type cells, but dipyridyl treatment did not enhance this activity. Thus, the CTD is not an inhibitor of Rob but is required for activation of Rob by dipyridyl. In contrast to its relatively low activity in vivo, Rob binding to cognate DNA and activation of transcription in vitro is similar to that of MarA, which has a homologous NTD but no CTD. In vitro nuclear magnetic resonance studies demonstrated that 2,2"-dipyridyl binds to Rob but not to the CTD-truncated Rob or to MarA, suggesting that the effect of dipyridyl on Rob is direct. Thus, it appears that Rob can be converted from a low activity state to a high-activity state by a CTD-mediated mechanism in vivo or by purification in vitro.
Pathways to Entrepreneurship Training Towards Addressing Youth Unemployment in Nigeria

Pathways to Entrepreneurship Training Towards Addressing Youth Unemployment in Nigeria by Edward Agbai MS, Walden University, 2015 PCE, University of Liverpool, 2014 HND, Rivers State Polytechnic, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University May 2018 Abstract The inadequacy of entrepreneurial knowledge among 21-25 year olds in Nigeria with recent undergraduate degrees has led to youth unemployment after graduating from universities. The development of entrepreneurship skills through entrepreneurship education programs for the students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria may bridge the unemployment gap. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of thisThe inadequacy of entrepreneurial knowledge among 21-25 year olds in Nigeria with recent undergraduate degrees has led to youth unemployment after graduating from universities. The development of entrepreneurship skills through entrepreneurship education programs for the students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria may bridge the unemployment gap. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to gain a robust common understanding of how undergraduates from 21-25 years old can obtain the entrepreneurial knowledge required for self-employment in Nigeria. Data collection involved semistructured interviews, field notes, and archived training documents, with a purposeful sample of 15 undergraduate degree holders over 21 years old, who had been self-employed, in different industries and possessed entrepreneurial knowledge and experiences. Using Yin’s 5 step data analysis process, member checking, and triangulation resulted in the emergence of codes, themes, and categories. The key themes were knowledge of business management, identification of business opportunities, information from workshop and seminars, information from social media and customer service, information on innovation, and mentor and mentee relationship. The findings from this study provide the empirical evidence needed to support entrepreneurship education as well as insight on tertiary institutions’ commitment to entrepreneurship education that may lead to the creation of employment and empowers entrepreneurs towards national growth and development. The implications for positive social change include reshaping the way undergraduates prepare for self-employment, leading to a reduction of unemployment among youths in Nigeria. Pathways to Entrepreneurship Training Towards Addressing Youth Unemployment in Nigeria by Edward Agbai MS, Walden University, 2015 PCE, University of Liverpool, 2014 HND, Rivers State Polytechnic, 2002
Addressing transport barriers to work in low income neighbourhoods: A review of evidence and practice

This evidence review explores the links between poverty and transport to support a wider study into how the transport barriers to work for residents in low income neighbourhoods can be addressed. It argues that transport issues faced by households in poverty are not just a matter of physical infrastructure but are shaped by the nature and location of both housing and employment. For this reason, the review includes discussion of how poverty interacts with these domains in ways that often reinforce transport barriers for low income households. It also considers how these barriers are not just practical or material but also shaped by a range of social, cultural and psychological factors in terms of attachment to place and 'spatial horizons'.
Differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast precursors on pure and silicon-substituted synthesized hydroxyapatites

Calcium phosphate-based materials should show excellent bone-bonding and cell-mediated resorption characteristics at the same time, in order to be employed for bone replacement. In this perspective, pure (HAp) and silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (Si-HAp, 1.4% wt) porous cylinders were prepared starting from synthesized powders and polyethylene spheres used as porogens, and investigated as supports for osteoblast and osteoclast progenitor differentiation. A systematic and detailed biological characterization is reported, in terms of cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, differentiation and bioresorption, aimed at proposing a complete and reliable picture of bone cell in vitro behavior, comprehensive of both the osteogenesis and the bone resorption processes. In order to achieve this purpose, cytocompatibility, differentiation and gene expression by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were carried out using parietal bone-derived pre-osteoblasts obtained from neonatal mice and the bioresorption capability was assessed by seeding human peripheral blood monocytes, as osteoclast precursors. It resulted that both pure and Si-substituted HAps were able to promote differentiation of precursor cells in mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In particular, the Si-HAps enhanced the pre-osteoblast proliferation and showed higher osteoclast-mediated bioresorption capability, as supported by the presence of larger and more numerous resorption lacunae, whereas HAps promoted a more robust cell differentiation in terms of both osteocalcin gene expression by qRT-PCR and cell morphological evaluation by SEM analysis.
Blood lead and cadmium and birth weight among sub‐arctic and arctic populations of Norway and Russia

BACKGROUND Delivering women and their newborns in the Kola Peninsula of Russia and the neighboring arctic area of Norway were studied to explore relationships between maternal cadmium and lead status and birth weight as a pregnancy outcome. METHODS Life-style information, maternal blood and cord blood specimens were collected from 50 consecutive mother-infant pairs from hospital delivery departments in three Russian and three Norwegian communities. Pregnancy outcomes were verified by consulting medical records. Lead and cadmium were determined in the blood samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS The median blood-cadmium concentration for the Russian mothers was 2.2 nmol/L (n = 148) versus 1.8 nmol/L in the Norwegian group (n = 114, p = 0.55). A weak association was observed between maternal cadmium and amount smoked (r = 0.30, p<0.001); no correlation was found between maternal blood cadmium and birth weight. The corresponding maternal lead values were 0.14 (Russia) and 0.06 micromol/L (Norway), p<0.001. The latter lead concentration constitutes one of the lowest adult population values reported to date. Maternal and cord blood lead levels were strongly correlated (r = 0.88, p<0.001). In a multivariate linear regression model, maternal blood lead was recognized as a negative explanatory variable (p<0.05) for birth weight and child's body mass index (BMIC), with or without adjustment for gestational age. A similar association was suggested by ANOVA-analysis of maternal blood lead by quartiles. CONCLUSION Maternal blood-lead level as an environmental factor is an apparent predictor of low birth weight and BMIC. It reduced substantially the contribution of a country factor in explaining the observed differences in birth weight.
A prospective randomized antiplatelet trial of cilostazol versus clopidogrel in patients with bare metal stent.

BACKGROUND Cilostazol is a newly developed antiplatelet drug that has been widely applied for clinical use. Its antiplatelet action appears to be mainly related to inhibition of intracellular phosphodiesterase activity. Recently, cilostazol has been used for antiplatelet therapy after coronary bare metal stent implantation for thrombosis and restenosis prevention. This prospective randomized and double blind trial was designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of cilostazol for the prevention of late restenosis and acute or subacute stent thrombosis. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients who underwent elective stent were randomly assigned to treatment group with cilostazol 200 mg/d (n = 60), clopidogrel 75 mg/d and aspirin 100 mg/d or to control group with clopidogrel treatment 75 mg/d (n = 60) and aspirin 100 mg/d. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed 6 - 9 months later. RESULTS Nine months major adverse cardio-cerebral event (MACCE) were lower in treatment groups (P < 0.05). The quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) at 6 months follow-up showed that minimum lumen diameter (MLD) was higher in treatment group than that of control group [(2.14 +/- 0.52) mm vs (1.82 +/- 0.36) mm, P < 0.05]. Late lumen loss (LL) [(0.82 +/- 0.42) mm vs (1.31 +/- 0.58) mm; P < 0.01], restenosis rate (RR) (14% vs 32%; P < 0.05) and target lesion revascularizaion (TLR) rate (5% vs 17%; P < 0.05) were lower in treatment group than in control group. CONCLUSION Cilostazol therapy is an effective regimen for prevention not only stent thrombosis but also RR and TLR through reducing MLD without the risk of increasing bleeding.
Coligranulomatosis (Hjärre and Wramby’s disease) reconsidered

ABSTRACT Coligranulomatosis (Hjärre and Wramby’s disease) is considered to be a disease of chickens, turkeys and partridges that occurs sporadically in individual, adult birds. Therefore, the condition is not of economic importance, but is of interest due to the similarity of its lesions to those of tuberculosis. In a number of cases the disease could be reproduced by inoculation via artificial routes of granuloma homogenate or Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from the lesions. Oral inoculations always failed. Occasionally, also serious outbreaks of granuloma disease have been reported in chickens, turkeys and quails. E. coli bacteria were either not isolated or isolated, but the disease could not be reproduced with the isolates, which means that the essence of Koch’s postulates was not fulfilled. Also other evidence of causality was not presented. Therefore, these disease cases might have been wrongly diagnosed as coligranulomatosis. Instead they may have been caused by Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, a parasite, which has the ability to induce severe granulomatosis in chicken flocks as has been shown recently. It is concluded that whenever severe granuloma disease is observed in poultry flocks at a large scale and is thus economically relevant, T. gallinarum should be included and rank high in the list of differential diagnoses.
"How do you even Define Success?": Parents' Experiences of Raising Children Today

i Acknowledgements . i