Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trypanosoma vivax in Brazil.

T. vivax, have been described from cattle in the New World (Wenyon 1926; Laveran and Mesnil, 1912; Clark and Benavides, 1935). In general it seems to be agreed that the first three species cause few or no symptoms of disease in cattle and are often only demonstrable by culture (T. theilert) or the inoculation of susceptible small mammals (T. evansi and T. equinum). T. vivax, however, usually can be quickly detected in fresh blood films andits pathogenicity varies from the production of a so called symptornless infection to an acute disease. Clearly any information on the distribution of such a trypanosome in the cattlerearing areas of South America is of great economic importance. T. vivax occurs in areas where its normal insect vector, the tsetse fly Glossina, is absent. Apparently it has become adapted to a purely mechanical means of transmission by such insects as horse-flies and stableflies. We have no idea when this trypanosome was imported into the Americas from Mrica, but it was first reported from French Guiana by Leger and Vienne in 1919 under the name of T. guyanense. This name, however, was preoccupied and Lavier (1921) proposed the name T. viennei for this organismo Leger and Vienne (1919) concluded that the infection had been introduced with cattle from Venezuela. A year later Tejera (1920) reported a morphologically identical trypanosome in Venezuelan cattle, and because of its similarity to T. cazalboui (a synonym of T. vivax) suggested that it had been imported from Mrica. Later observations showed that the infection was widespread throughout Venezuela (Fernandez, 1931: Kubes, 1944), Dutch and French Guiana (Nieschulz and Frickers, 1938; Berny and Saint-Prix, 1935), Colombia (Plata 1931, 1931a, 1951; Rave, 1967; Uribe, 1931; Wells et ai., 1968), Panama (Johnson, 1941) and in the Carribean islands of Martinique (Carougeau, 1929) and Guadeloupe (Fabre and Bemard, 1926; Fabre 1929). Apart from a single reference to T. theileri in cattle from São Paulo (Carini, 1911) we have been unable to trace any references to bovine trypanosomiasis in Brazil, and this is strange when one remembers the wide distribution of T. vivax in neighbouring countries. In March 1967 the local agricultural research institute (Institute de Pesquisas Experimental Agropecuaria do Norte) asked the Institute Evandro Chagas to examine its water butfalo (Bubalus bubalus) herd as some of the animals, in spite of eating well, were not gaining weight. During the examination of blood films, trypanosomes were encountered in one animal. The parasite was identified as T. vivax and the strain was isolated in laboratorybred sheep.
Perturbed and spontaneous regional cerebral blood flow responses to changes in blood 1 pressure after high level spinal cord injury: the effect of Midodrine

40 Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) above the T6 spinal segment suffer from orthostatic 41 intolerance. How cerebral blood flow (CBF) responds to orthostatic challenges in SCI is poorly 42 understood. Furthermore, it is unclear how interventions meant to improve orthostatic tolerance 43 in SCI influence CBF. This study aimed to examine: 1) the acute regional CBF responses to 44 rapid changes in blood pressure (BP) during orthostatic stress in those with SCI and able-bodied 45 individuals 2) the effect of Midodrine (alpha 1 -agonist) on orthostatic tolerance and CBF 46 regulation in SCI. Ten individuals with SCI >T6, and 10 age-and sex-matched controls (AB) had 47 beat-by-beat BP, as well as middle and posterior cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, PCAv) 48 recorded during a progressive tilt-test to quantify the acute CBF response, and orthostatic 49 tolerance. Dynamic MCAv and PCAv to BP relationships were evaluated continuously in the 50 time domain and frequency domain (via transfer function analysis). The SCI group was tested 51 again after administration of 10 mg Midodrine to elevate BP. Coherence (i.e., linearity) was 52 elevated in SCI between BP-MCAv and BP-PCAv by 35% and 22% respectively compared to 53 AB, while SCI BP-PCAv gain (i.e., magnitudinal relationship) was reduced 30% compared to 54 AB (all P <0.05). The acute (i.e., 0-30s after tilt) MCAv and PCAv responses were similar 55 between groups. In SCI, Midodrine led to improved PCAv responses 30-60s following tilt (10±3 56 vs. 4±2 %decline; P <0.05), and a 59% improvement in orthostatic tolerance ( P <0.01). The 57 vertebrobasilar region may be particularly susceptible to hypoperfusion in SCI, leading to 58 increased orthostatic intolerance. 59 61 62 63
EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING

Employment is a large part in the lives of almost all adults and as such represents a valid area for concern, assessment, and intervention. It is important that nurses address this issue because they are so vitally involved in all phases of rehabilitation. They have more contact with the patient than other health professionals and therefore have more knowledge of the patient’s desires and abilities. Nurses have a great opportunity to develop with the patient realistic goals based upon these desires and abilities, and to direct interventions toward the attainment of employment. The major goal for almost all workingage persons is employment. It is seen by society as a measure of status and productivity in addition to being a source of income. It helps fulfill many of Maslow’s hierarchical needs such as those of survival, stimulation, safety and security, love, esteem, and self-actualization (Maslow, 1954). Warr (1982) delineates benefits of employment as the following: it provides a source of money, an energy outlet, a source of variety, temporal structuring, social contacts, and status in society. Warr points out that unemployment results in a loss of these benefits and that this loss has an additive effect, which may lead to depression, anxiety, and decrease in self-esteem. It is especially important for persons with spinal cord injuries to attain satisfactory employment status, because their basic living costs are increased (Burkhauser & Haverman, 1982; Trieschmann, 1980) and because self-esteem and life-satisfaction may already be significantly lowered by other factors. These factors include: a negatively altered body image, a lack of mobility to perform routine tasks, and alienation from family and friends. Haraguchi (1982) points out that society also would gain from increased employability and employment of the disabled by reaping the benefits of decreased unemployment compensation and increased taxable income. It can be seen, then, that employment is of great value both to the individual and to society. Nurses (and other health professionals dealing with spinal cord injured persons) Michelle O’Grady, BSN
Apoptosis in the preimplantation mouse embryo: Effect of strain difference and in vitro culture

Cell death by apoptosis occurs predominantly in the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst, the cell population which carries the germ line and gives rise to the foetus. The frequency of apoptosis in blastocysts varies widely within outbred species such as human and cow. We have addressed the basis of this variation by examining the relative influence of strain difference and in vitro culture conditions on apoptosis, using embryos from two different strains of mice (MF1 and C57BL6/CBA) in two different culture media (M16 and kSOM). In both strains and all crosses apoptosis was first detected by nuclear fragmentation or TUNEL [Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d‐UTP nick end‐labelling] labelling at the early blastocyst stage. This was true for embryos which had developed in vivo, and in vitro in both M16 and kSOM. The apoptotic index in blastocysts was found to be significantly different between both media and strain (P < 0.0001). Blastocysts from MF1 × MF1 at equivalent stages had an apoptotic index of 32.4% in M16 and 20.3% in kSOM. Blastocysts from C57BL6/CBA × C57BL6/CBA had an apoptotic index of 19.3% in M16 and 14.4% in kSOM. When embryos of similar cell number were compared, a significantly greater apoptotic index was found for cultured MF1 × MF1 embryos with a cell number between 40 and 59 compared to similar directly flushed C57BL6/CBA embryos (P = 0.001), and MF1 embryos (P < 0.0005). MF1 × MF1 embryos and C57BL6/CBA × MF1 embryos of 60–79 cells had a greater apoptotic index in M16 than kSOM (P < 0.0005) but the difference between media was not significant for C57BL6/CBA × C57BL6/CBA. When strain was compared MF1 × MF1 embryos of 60–79 cells had a significantly greater apoptotic index than C57BL6/CBA × MF1 in both media (P < 0.0005 M16; P = 0.002 kSOM) and than C57BL6/CBA × C57BL6/CBA in M16 (P = 0.019). Our data suggest that genetic make‐up and the chemical composition of simple medium are equally important in determining the level of apoptosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 67–77, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Epidemiologic studies have shown that sleep duration is associated with overall mortality. We conducted a systematic review of the associations between sleep duration and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality. PubMed was systematically searched up to January, 2008 to identify studies examining the association between sleep duration and mortality (both all‐cause and cause‐specific) among adults. Data were abstracted serially in a standardized manner by two reviewers and analyzed using random‐effects meta‐analysis. Twenty‐three studies assessing the associations between sleep duration and mortality were identified. All examined sleep duration measured using participant self‐report. Among the 16 studies which had similar reference categories and reported sufficient data on short sleep and mortality for meta‐analyses, the pooled relative risk (RR) for all‐cause mortality for short sleep duration was 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.15]. For cardiovascular‐related and cancer‐related mortality, the RRs associated with short sleep were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.18) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.13), respectively. Similarly, among the 17 studies reporting data on long sleep duration and mortality, the pooled RRs comparing the long sleepers with medium sleepers were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.30) for all‐cause mortality, 1.38 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.69) for cardiovascular‐related mortality, and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.32) for cancer‐related mortality. Our findings indicate that both short sleepers and long sleepers are at increased risk of all‐cause mortality. Further research using objective measures of sleep duration is needed to fully characterize these associations.
Facebook as an assisted learning tool in problem-based learning: the Bahrain case

Facebook is one of the social media technologies with applications in many domains, including education. This study describes the students’ engagement with Facebook as an assisted learning tool in problem-based learning (PBL) cohort in Bahrain. Additionally, we analyse the reception of the students towards Facebook as a learning aid tool. A range of mixed methods data collection techniques and triangulation was performed to reveal the complexity of the topic under investigation. The data collection was through (pre and post) questionnaires and an interview. The empirical data showed that the use of Facebook as a learning tool had a positive impact on students. The study provides experimental evidence that social networks and more specifically Facebook can be used as an educational tool in PBL context to help engage students in the use of social media.
Algebraic realization of equivariant vector bundles.

Subsequent work of Akbulut and King [AK1], [AK2] did not only provide a more conceptual approach to the algebraic realization problem for manifolds, but it also opened the way to study the corresponding problem for manifolds which carry an additional structure. In many situations such an additional structure, like the one of a smooth vector b ndle over the manifold, is captured by a map to a classifying space. Assuming that the classifying space is a real algebraic variety 7, and χ : M -» 7is such a map, one would like to find an algebraic realization for (M9 χ), i.e., a non-singular real algebraic variety X and a diffeomorphism φ : X -» M such that χ ο φ is homotopic to an entire rational map. We have additional structures in mind whose isomorphism classes are in 1-1 correspondence with
Experimental study of current loss and plasma formation in the Z machine post-hole convolute

M. R. Gomez, R. M. Gilgenbach, M. E. Cuneo, C. A. Jennings, R. D. McBride, E. M. Waisman, B. T. Hutsel, W. A. Stygar, D. V. Rose, and Y. Maron Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA Department of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (Received 23 August 2016; published 24 January 2017)
Association between outcome and changes in plasma lactate concentration during presurgical treatment in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus: 64 cases (2002-2008).

OBJECTIVE To determine whether changes in presurgical plasma lactate concentration (before and after initial fluid resuscitation and gastric decompression) were associated with short-term outcome for dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 64 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed, and signalment, history, resuscitative treatments, serial presurgical lactate concentrations, surgical findings, and short-term outcome were obtained for dogs with confirmed GDV. RESULTS 36 of 40 (90%) dogs with an initial lactate concentration <or= 9.0 mmol/L survived, compared with only 13 of 24 (54%) dogs with a high initial lactate (HIL) concentration (> 9.0 mmol/L). Within HIL dogs, there was no difference in mean +/- SD initial lactate concentration between survivors and nonsurvivors (10.6 +/- 2.3 mmol/L vs 11.2 +/- 2.3 mmol/L, respectively); however, there were significant differences in post-treatment lactate concentration, absolute change in lactate concentration, and percentage change in lactate concentration following resuscitative treatment. By use of optimal cutoff values within HIL dogs, survival rates for dogs with final lactate concentration > 6.4 mmol/L (23%), absolute change in lactate concentration <or= 4 mmol/L (10%), or percentage change in lactate concentration <or= 42.5% (15%) were significantly lower than survival rates for dogs with a final lactate concentration <or= 6.4 mmol/L (91%), absolute change in lactate concentration > 4 mmol/L (86%), or percentage change in lactate concentration > 42.5% (100%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Calculating changes in plasma lactate concentration following initial treatment in dogs with GDV may assist in determining prognosis and identifying patients that require more aggressive treatment.
Melanoma skin cancer detection and classification based on supervised and unsupervised learning

Image processing is having very important role in medical domain. Melanoma skin cancer is critical and dangerous for human beings. Early detection of Melanoma skin cancer is very much necessary for the patient because this Melanoma skin cancer directly lead to the death of a person. If it is detected at early stage then Melanoma skin cancer is completely curable. In this paper early detection and classification of Melanoma skin cancer is done using different classifiers as Neural Network and Support Vector Machine.
The Impact of Comorbidity on the Management of Pathological Gambling

Abstract A 30-year-old woman with severe pathological gambling and cyclothymia presented to our program with no previous history of pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment. Pathological gambling is an impulse-control disorder not otherwise specified (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) in which comorbidity is common, particularly with substance abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder and mood disorders. As described in this case, pathological gamblers with bipolar comorbidity may be effectively treated with mood stabilizers such as lithium. After receiving 10 weeks of lithium treatment, the patient showed improvement in both gambling behavior and affective instability. The identification of specific subtypes among patients with pathological gambling may be relevant to the choice of pharmacologic treatment.
Effect of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation with Animal Fat on Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicken

Study was carried out to find out the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on carcass characteristics in Venncobb broiler chicks fed with diet containing animal fat. Eighty day old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allotted to two treatment groups (T1 and T2) with four replicates of ten chicks each. The birds were fed with standard broiler chicken ration (BIS, 1992) containing 5% animal fat. T1 was the control, while T2 was supplemented with L-carnitine (900 mg/kg feed). At the end of 42 days, five birds from each treatment were slaughtered in order to determine carcass traits and organ weights. The results revealed that the supplementation of L-carnitine lowered the abdominal fat content of birds. However, L-carnitine supplementation had no effect on the body weight gain, slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, giblet yield percentage and weight of internal organs.
Joint Learning of Distributed Representations for Images and Texts

This technical report provides extra details of the deep multimodal similarity model (DMSM) which was proposed in (Fang et al. 2015, arXiv:1411.4952). The model is trained via maximizing global semantic similarity between images and their captions in natural language using the public Microsoft COCO database, which consists of a large set of images and their corresponding captions. The learned representations attempt to capture the combination of various visual concepts and cues.
Diet of a Cryptic but Widespread Invader, the Oriental Weatherfish (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in Idaho, USA

Abstract The oriental weatherfish (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) is invasive to 13 U.S. states and at least 9 other countries. Although this cryptic fish species is widespread, very little is known regarding its ecology. We used baited minnow traps to collect 237 individuals from water bodies connected to the Boise River, Idaho. To determine the diet of the fish within this invasive population, we dissected and examined stomach contents of the sampled fish. Most of the stomachs (158 of 237) were empty, and 42 contained only the trap bait. However, 37 contained natural food items. Gravimetric analysis, frequency of occurrence, and mean percent by number all indicated macroinvertebrates as the primary diet component, with chironomid larvae as the most numerous prey eaten. Graphical analysis of prey-specific abundance also indicated that oriental weatherfish fed on a generalized diet, of which detritus is likely an important part. An omnivorous diet may, in part, explain the species' ability to expand its invasive range quickly and successfully. Our findings add to a growing list of traits indicating that the oriental weatherfish fits the profile of a highly successful invader. As such, the oriental weatherfish should be a target species for further ecological research.
Crystal structure of (4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)(4-methylphenyl)methanone

In the title compound, C13H17NO2, the dihedral angle between the planes of the piperidine and benzene rings is 51.7 (2)°. The bond-angle sum around the N atom [359.8 (3)°] indicates sp 2 hybridization of the atom. In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules, forming chains along [001].
Influence of arterial oxygen tension on coronary vasodilator action of nitroglycerine.

In 11 anesthetized open-chest dogs, controlled perfusion of the left circumflex coronary artery was accomplished by shunting blood from the femoral artery and vein via a peristaltic pump. The pO2 of the perfusing blood was altered by changing the proportion of arterial and venous blood reaching the inflow side of the pump. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was measured during stepwise reduction in the left circumflex coronary flow (LCF) over the range 120–10 cc/min. Resistance to coronary blood flowin the perfused myocardial segment was calculated as the ratio CPP/LCF and plotted against flow. Resistance-flow curves for the perfused coronary segments were obtained at pO2 values ranging between 95 and 25 mm Hg. Lowering the pO2 of the perfusing blood caused a reduction in coronary vascular resistance (CVR) in the perfused segment. When nitroglycerine was infused in a dosage of 3–6 μg/kg per minute, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were unaltered but CVR was reduced. The reduction in CVR was inversely.
Cosine-modulated filterbanks based on extended Gaussian functions

A new family of cosine-modulated filterbanks based on functions called extended Gaussian functions (EGFs) is obtained. The design is particularly simple since it is mainly based on a closed-form expression. Nearly perfect reconstruction cosine-modulated filterbanks are obtained as well as guidelines to estimate the filterbank parameters. This analytical design method can be used to produce, with a controlled accuracy, filterbanks with practically no upper limitations in the number of coefficients and subbands. Furthermore, a slight modification of the prototype filter coefficients is sufficient to satisfy exactly the perfect reconstruction constraints. An analysis of the time-frequency localization of the discrete prototype filters also shows that under certain conditions, EGF prototypes are at less than 0.3% from the optimal upper bound.
Point Cloud Compression using Depth Maps

In this paper we investigate the usage of depth maps as a structure to represent a point cloud.The main idea is that depth maps implicitly deﬁne a global manifold structure for the underlying surface of a point cloud. Thus, it is possible to only work on the parameter domain, and modify indirectly the point cloud. We show that this approach simpliﬁes local computations on the point cloud and allows using standard image processing algorithms to interact with the point cloud. We present results of the application of standard image compression algorithms applied on depth maps to compress a point cloud, and compare them with state-of-the-art techniques in point cloud compression. We also present a method to visualize point clouds in a progressive manner, using a multiresolution analysis of depth maps.
The Amphibian Pronephros

The amphibian pronephric system is reviewed in terms of ontogeny and phylogeny, function, growth, and degeneration. The cassical concept of a derivation from a hypothetical segmental tubular archinephros, and of its nephrotomal origins are well known, and earlier workers have accumulated considerable information about the origin, development, and inductive property of the pronephric duct. Yet knowlegde of pronephros phylogenetic development within the amphibia, of causal factors involved in its growth and degeneration, and an understanding of its functional behavior are somewhat limited. Some recent work in these latter fields by the author, together with that of earlier contributions by others, has been described. It may be concluded that except perhaps for its phylogenetic development (and to some extent the properties of the duct), there exists only a superficial and meager understanding of nearly all aspects of the amphibian pronephric system, the investigation of which should provide fruitful fields for the embryologist.