Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF GYNECOLOGISTS AND MIDWIVES OF YAZD CONCERNING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THERAPEUTIC ABORTION (LEGAL) AND CRIMINAL ABORTION

Introduction: Abortion has always been a controversial issue and all religions, humanistic and medical communities have opposed it . The complications of illegal abortion are one of the most common reasons of hospital admission in developing countries. W.H. O estimates that the one eight of all pregnancy deaths is due to illegal abortion. Lack of knowledge of the medical team about the abortion regulations and rules can endanger the pregnant mothers life and also create certain problems for medical communities . Methods : This cross- sectional study was conducted in 2007 and included 110 gynecologists and midwives in Yazd who were studied by census method. Data was collected via self-made questionnaire and data analysis was done by software SPSS program and statistical tests included square K and T test. Results : Of the total of 110 patients, 16.4% were gynecologists and 83.3% were midwives, 31.8% worked in academic centers and 68.2% were employed at other centers. The awareness level of 25.5% was good. There was a meaningful difference between the awareness level of academic employed and nonacademic employed and also between those who had studied abortion rules regulations. Conclusion: As 74.5% of the study population had low levels of awareness about the abortion rules, education of midwives & gynecologists about rules & regulations is strongly recommended as it not only helps women's health, but also decreases their legal problems.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION ON IMPROVING VITAMIN D LEVELS AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENT OR DEFFICIENT TYPE2 DIABETICS

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired insulin secretion, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with 50,000 IU vitamin D on improving serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in vitamin D insufficient or deficient type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 81 type 2 diabetic patients with vitamin D levels between 10-30 ng/ml were randomly assigned to intervention (50,000 IU vitamin D 3 once a week) and control (placebo once a week) groups according to gender. The study duration was 8 weeks. At the beginning and the end of study, blood samples were collected after 12 hours overnight fasting and fasting serum glucose, insulin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured. Insulin resistance was obtained by HOMA-IR calculation. Results: After 8 weeks supplementation with vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was significantly increased and reached to normal levels in the intervention group. Fasting serum glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased in the vitamin D group, but there were no significant changes in the placebo group. Conclusion: Supplementation with 50,000 IU vitamin D for 8 weeks compared to placebo can improve inadequate levels of vitamin D and glycemic indicators in vitamin D insufficient or deficient type 2 diabetic patients.
Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients: Complete Dentures and Implant-Supported Prostheses

This text book provides comprehensive information about the principles, techniques and procedures involved in the fabrication of complete denture. The authors have described in detail about biological and functional aspects of edentulism, how to diagnose them and the treatment plan and modalities for the same. It has several topics ranging from the basics of the edentulous state, health of the oral tissues and provides the basic information regarding the treatment with the complete dentures and tooth supported prosthesis. This edition has emphasized more on the implants section as this treatment is being accepted by more and more people.
Traditional acupuncture: exploring the rationale and theory of change in the specific context of early breast cancer and chemotherapy in research and practice

Acupuncture is an increasingly popular complementary therapy. Acupuncture research, however, leaves uncertainty as to its effectiveness and raises question about what traditional acupuncture (TA) is. This thesis aims to examine what acupuncture is, by using the Theory of Change (ToC) as a novel approach to elucidate the pathways for change. Early breast cancer (EBC) is used as a complex exemplar providing the TA practitioner with the opportunity to utilise TA in all of its complexity. A ToC framework was developed from the professional accrediting body of TA. This ToC framework was applied to two sets of literature: firstly acupuncture research where validated outcome measures were used; secondly research on the exploration of practitioner and patients’ perceptions of TA. A longitudinal study was constructed to examine change over time during the EBC experience. This study entailed interviewing 14 women before, during and after chemotherapy while they received up to ten sessions of TA. The two practitioners were also interviewed; they kept diaries and treatment logs of the process creating additional data. Grounded theory methods were used to analyse the data. The ToC was refined after analysis of all the data to provide a comprehensive insight into the components of TA providing further weight to the idea that it is a complex intervention. Treatment entails a continuous process with multiple pathways to change. TA offers great flexibility in addressing chronic illness with acute features or daily fluctuations of a range of problems. The concept of outcome patterns arose from this which is ripe for further exploration. The therapeutic relationship is part of the intervention, used to engage the individual with new insights into health and changing behaviour as well as to enable disclosure leading to person-centred goals of treatment. Therapeutic befriending emerged as a notion suitable for further exploration within CAM.
Duration of gonorrhoea and chlamydia infection at the pharynx and rectum among men who have sex with men: a systematic review.

UNLABELLED Background Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are the two most common sexually transmissible infections (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide. Infections at the pharynx and rectum are usually asymptomatic; however, the natural history of these infections remains unknown. The aim of this study is to estimate the duration of both infections at the extragenital sites from published epidemiological cohort studies. METHODS English peer-reviewed articles were searched from 1 January 2000 to 12 March 2015 in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central). The prevalence-to-incidence ratio from each study was calculated to reflect the duration of each infection. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42014007087). RESULTS There were 2585 records identified, with 1721 abstracts and 52 full-text articles screened, resulting in four studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Pharyngeal gonorrhoea (114-138 days) had a shorter duration of infection than rectal gonorrhoea (346 days). In addition, chlamydia had a longer duration of infection at the pharynx (667 days) and rectum (579 days) compared with gonorrhoea infection. CONCLUSIONS Gonorrhoea has a shorter duration of infection than chlamydia, suggesting that annual STI screening will be more effective at diagnosing chlamydia than gonorrhoea. The current STI guidelines recommend screening gonorrhoea and chlamydia at least once a year in MSM; it would only detect ~30% of incident pharyngeal gonorrhoea cases, with a mean duration of 4 months.
Surface Wrinkling: A Versatile Platform for Measuring Thin‐Film Properties

Surface instabilities in soft matter have been the subject of increasingly innovative research aimed at better understanding the physics of their formation and their utility in patterning, organizing, and measuring materials properties on the micro and nanoscale. The focus of this Review is on a type of instability pattern known as surface wrinkling, covering the general concepts of this phenomenon and several recent applications involving the measurement of thin‐film properties. The ability of surface wrinkling to yield new insights into particularly challenging materials systems such as ultrathin films, polymer brushes, polyelectrolyte multilayer assemblies, ultrasoft materials, and nanoscale structured materials is highlighted. A perspective on the future directions of this maturing field, including the prospects for advanced thin‐film metrology methods, facile surface patterning, and the control of topology‐sensitive phenomena, such as wetting and adhesion, is also presented.
Retrospective study of hepatitis C outcomes and treatment in HIV co-infected persons from the Australian HIV Observational Database.

BACKGROUND The widespread availability of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) is expected to drastically improve the treatment uptake and cure rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this paper, rates of and factors associated with HCV treatment uptake and cure in the HIV co-infected population in Australia were assessed before access to DAAs. METHODS The medical records of patients in the Australian HIV Observational Database who were reported to be HCV antibody positive from 1999 to 2014 were reviewed for HCV treatment data. Patients with detectable HCV RNA were included in this analysis. Logistic regression models were applied to identify factors associated with treatment uptake and HCV sustained virological response (SVR) 24 weeks' post treatment. RESULTS The median follow-up time of those with chronic HCV/HIV co-infection was 103 months (interquartile range 51-166 months). Of 179 HCV viraemic patients, 79 (44.1%) began treatment. In the adjusted model, a higher METAVIR score was the only significant factor associated with treatment uptake (odds ratio (OR) 8.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.00-39.3, P=0.004). SVR was achieved in 37 (50%) of 74 treated patients. HCV genotypes 2/3 compared with 1/4 remained the only significant factor for SVR in an adjusted multivariable setting (OR 5.44, 95% CI 1.53-19.4, P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS HCV treatment uptake and SVR have been relatively low in the era of interferon-containing regimens, in Australian HIV/HCV coinfected patients. With new and better tolerated DAAs, treatment of HCV is likely to become more accessible, and identification and treatment of HCV in co-infected patients should become a priority.
Transgender women and HIV-related health disparities: falling off the HIV treatment cascade.

Background Transgender women living with HIV infection experience poorer health outcomes across the HIV continuum of care. While disparities are well established, their underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study examined the HIV continuum of care (also known as the HIV treatment cascade), including linkage and engagement in care and health status among transgender women and cisgender women and cisgender men living with HIV. METHOD Case-control matching was applied to a cohort of 1101 people living with HIV; 70 transgender women living with HIV were matched on years since testing HIV positive with cisgender women and cisgender men. Participants provided measures indicative of the HIV treatment cascade that included linkage and engagement in care, receiving and adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and HIV viral suppression. Common correlates of HIV-related health status: depression symptoms, HIV-related stress, alcohol and drug use, healthcare conspiracy beliefs, medical mistrust, emotional social support and tangible social support, were also assessed. RESULTS Transgender women were significantly less likely to receive ART, were less adherent to ART and had poorer HIV viral suppression than cisgender persons. Multivariable models demonstrated that health disparities were predicted by transgender women having poorer tangible social support over and above the other correlates of health outcomes. CONCLUSION Tangible support is amenable by interventions such as building and strengthening supportive networks and paraprofessional services. Socially supportive interventions should be considered critical in efforts to decrease HIV health disparities among transgender women.
Treatment of Kaposis sarcoma in HIV‐1 infected individuals with emphasis on resource poor settings

BACKGROUND In many countries, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the commonest malignancy among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of current therapeutic regimens for the treatment of HIV associated KS, with a focus on options that may be available in resource poor settings. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched Cochrane HIV/AIDS Group trials register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2002), MEDLINE, EMBASE, AIDSLINE, CINAHL, CANCER LIT, AIDSDRUGS, AIDSTRIALS, African index medicus, physicians data query protocols, United Kingdom Co-ordinating committee on Cancer Research Register of Cancer trials, proceedings and abstracts from AIDS and cancer conferences. The search was conducted between 1st October 2001 and completed 14th December 2002. We also contacted experts in the field of cancer. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials of therapy for KS in HIV infected adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All reviewers assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS Five trials involving 915 people were included. Two trials involving 499 people compared pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) to a standard regimen among patients with advanced KS were analysed together. There was no difference in mortality between the two regimens RR1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83 to 1.91). The response to PLD was superior to that of the control regimen RR 2.16, (95% CI 1.68 to 2.78). Two other trials involving 402 people demonstrated that topical alitretinoin was effective treatment compared to placebo among patients with cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. The results were analysed separately due to heterogeneity; (1) the relative risk (RR) was 5.34 (95%CI 2.16 to 13.21) and (2) RR 1.96, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.01). The final trial compared different radiotherapy regimens for treatment of cutaneous KS. The initial complete response of lesions to 20Gy given in 10 fractions or 40Gy in 20 fractions was similar and slightly superior to that of lesions treated with 8Gy as a single fraction, RR 1.58, (95% CI 1.01 to 2.48) and RR 1.65, (95% CI 1.06 to 2.57) respectively. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Alitretinoin gel is effective in treating cutaneous KS, PLD is effective treatment for advanced KS and radiotherapy appears effective in treating cutaneous lesions. Apart from the trial of radiotherapy no trials applicable to developing settings were identified.
Three‐Dimensional Integration of Organic Resistive Memory Devices

Since the discovery of conducting polymers [ 1 ] , organic-based electronics such as organic light-emitting diodes, transistors, photovoltaics, and memory devices have been spotlighted as potentially innovative devices given their easy and lowcost fabrication by spin-coating or ink-jet printing, and their fl exibility. [ 2–15 ] Among these, organic memories have been extensively investigated for data-storage application. [ 11 , 14 , 16–21 ]
Activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinases by β-arrestin scaffolds

Using both confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and biochemical approaches, we have examined the role of β-arrestins in the activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) following stimulation of angiotensin II type 1a receptors (AT1aR). In HEK-293 cells expressing hemagglutinin-tagged AT1aR, angiotensin stimulation triggered β-arrestin-2 binding to the receptor and internalization of AT1aR-β-arrestin complexes. Using red fluorescent protein-tagged ERK2 to track the subcellular distribution of ERK2, we found that angiotensin treatment caused the redistribution of activated ERK2 into endosomal vesicles that also contained AT1aR-β-arrestin complexes. This targeting of ERK2 reflects the formation of multiprotein complexes containing AT1aR, β-arrestin-2, and the component kinases of the ERK cascade, cRaf-1, MEK1, and ERK2. Myc-tagged cRaf-1, MEK1, and green fluorescent protein-tagged ERK2 coprecipitated with Flag-tagged β-arrestin-2 from transfected COS-7 cells. Coprecipitation of cRaf-1 with β-arrestin-2 was independent of MEK1 and ERK2, whereas the coprecipitation of MEK1 and ERK2 with β-arrestin-2 was significantly enhanced in the presence of overexpressed cRaf-1, suggesting that binding of cRaf-1 to β-arrestin facilitates the assembly of a cRaf-1, MEK1, ERK2 complex. The phosphorylation of ERK2 in β-arrestin complexes was markedly enhanced by coexpression of cRaf-1, and this effect is blocked by expression of a catalytically inactive dominant inhibitory mutant of MEK1. Stimulation with angiotensin increased the binding of both cRaf-1 and ERK2 to β-arrestin-2, and the association of β-arrestin-2, cRaf-1, and ERK2 with AT1aR. These data suggest that β-arrestins function both as scaffolds to enhance cRaf-1 and MEK-dependent activation of ERK2, and as targeting proteins that direct activated ERK to specific subcellular locations.
NOTCH1 directly regulates c-MYC and activates a feed-forward-loop transcriptional network promoting leukemic cell growth

The NOTCH1 signaling pathway directly links extracellular signals with transcriptional responses in the cell nucleus and plays a critical role during T cell development and in the pathogenesis over 50% of human T cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cases. However, little is known about the transcriptional programs activated by NOTCH1. Using an integrative systems biology approach we show that NOTCH1 controls a feed-forward-loop transcriptional network that promotes cell growth. Inhibition of NOTCH1 signaling in T-ALL cells led to a reduction in cell size and elicited a gene expression signature dominated by down-regulated biosynthetic pathway genes. By integrating gene expression array and ChIP-on-chip data, we show that NOTCH1 directly activates multiple biosynthetic routes and induces c-MYC gene expression. Reverse engineering of regulatory networks from expression profiles showed that NOTCH1 and c-MYC govern two directly interconnected transcriptional programs containing common target genes that together regulate the growth of primary T-ALL cells. These results identify c-MYC as an essential mediator of NOTCH1 signaling and integrate NOTCH1 activation with oncogenic signaling pathways upstream of c-MYC.
Calorie restriction up-regulates the plasma membrane redox system in brain cells and suppresses oxidative stress during aging

The plasma membrane (PM) contains redox enzymes that provide electrons for energy metabolism and recycling of antioxidants such as coenzyme Q and α-tocopherol. Brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders involve impaired energy metabolism and oxidative damage, but the involvement of the PM redox system (PMRS) in these processes is unknown. Caloric restriction (CR), a manipulation that protects the brain against aging and disease, increased activities of PMRS enzymes (NADH-ascorbate free radical reductase, NADH-quinone oxidoreductase 1, NADH-ferrocyanide reductase, NADH-coenzyme Q10 reductase, and NADH-cytochrome c reductase) and antioxidant levels (α-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10) in brain PM during aging. Age-related increases in PM lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, and nitrotyrosine were attenuated by CR, levels of PMRS enzyme activities were higher, and markers of oxidative stress were lower in cultured neuronal cells treated with CR serum compared with those treated with ad libitum serum. These findings suggest important roles for the PMRS in protecting brain cells against age-related increases in oxidative and metabolic stress.
Alterations in mitosis and cell cycle progression caused by a mutant lamin A known to accelerate human aging

Mutations in the gene encoding nuclear lamin A (LA) cause the premature aging disease Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome. The most common of these mutations results in the expression of a mutant LA, with a 50-aa deletion within its C terminus. In this study, we demonstrate that this deletion leads to a stable farnesylation and carboxymethylation of the mutant LA (LAΔ50/progerin). These modifications cause an abnormal association of LAΔ50/progerin with membranes during mitosis, which delays the onset and progression of cytokinesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the targeting of nuclear envelope/lamina components into daughter cell nuclei in early G1 is impaired in cells expressing LAΔ50/progerin. The mutant LA also appears to be responsible for defects in the retinoblastoma protein-mediated transition into S-phase, most likely by inhibiting the hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein by cyclin D1/cdk4. These results provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for premature aging and also shed light on the role of lamins in the normal process of human aging.
The Airtraq Optical Laryngoscope: experiences with a new disposable device for orotracheal intubation

The Airtraq Optical Laryngoscope (AOL; manufactured by Prodol Meditec, Vizcaya, Spain) is a new disposable device developed to facilitate orotracheal intubation in patients with normal and difﬁcult airways, but there are only limited data on its use in clinical practice [1]. We therefore evaluated the performance of the AOL in anaesthetised patients requiring orotracheal intubation for elective thyroid surgery. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Informed patient consent was obtained for the planned strategy of airway manage-ment and the anonymous use of patient data for scientiﬁc purposes. advanced
Key findings from the WHO collaborative study on substitution therapy for opioid dependence and HIV/AIDS.

AIMS Opioid substitution treatment has been studied extensively in industrialized countries, but there are relatively few studies in developing/transitional countries. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of opioid substitution treatment (OST) in less resourced countries. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Purposively selected OST sites in Asia (China, Indonesia, Thailand), Eastern Europe (Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine), the Middle East (Iran) and Australia. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and twenty-six OST entrants. MEASUREMENTS Participants were interviewed at treatment entry, 3 and 6 months. Standardized instruments assessed drug use, treatment history, physical and psychological health, quality of life, criminal involvement, blood-borne virus (BBV) risk behaviours and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C. FINDINGS Participants were predominantly male, aged in their early 30s and had attained similar levels of education. Seroprevalence rates for HIV were highest in Thailand (52%), followed by Indonesia (28%) and Iran (26%), and lowest in Australia (2.6%). Treatment retention at 6 months was uniformly high, averaging approximately 70%. All countries demonstrated significant and marked reductions in reported heroin and other illicit opioid use; HIV (and other BBV) exposure risk behaviours associated with injection drug users (IDU) and criminal activity, and demonstrated substantial improvement in their physical and mental health and general wellbeing over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS OST can achieve similar outcomes consistently in a culturally diverse range of settings in low- and middle-income countries to those reported widely in high-income countries. It is associated with a substantial reduction in HIV exposure risk associated with IDU across nearly all the countries. Results support the expansion of opioid substitution treatment.