Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of ras oncogene‐induced gene expression and anchorage‐independent growth in a series of somatic cell mutants

The mechanism or mechanisms by which ras oncogenes induce morphological transformation and anchorage‐independent growth are poorly understood but are thought to involve stable alterations in gene expression. We previously described a genetically dominant, mutant rat fibroblast cell line (ER‐1‐2) that is resistant to ras‐induced anchorage‐independent growth. We now describe a cell line derived from ER‐1‐2 cells, termed ER‐1‐2T, that has apparently sustained a second, dominant mutation that conferred on these cells the ability to form colonies in soft agar. Analysis of these and control cell lines demonstrated that deregulation of many of the genes commonly associated with the transformed phenotype could be dissociated from anchorage‐independent growth. After infection with a ras‐expressing retrovirus, both control and ER‐1‐2 cell lines constitutively expressed elevated levels of the c‐jun, junB, fosB, c‐myc, collagenase, ornithine decarboxylase, osteopontin, stromelysin, cathepsin L, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 genes. These data indicate that signaling events downstream of ras were largely intact in ER‐1‐2 cells and that the defect in these cells lies either on a pathway separate from those that control stable, ras‐mediated expression of these genes or at a point in the cell‐division cycle distinct from those that control expression of the genes. In contrast, only c‐jun, junB, c‐myc, and ornithine decarboxylase were expressed at a significantly elevated level in ER‐1‐2T cells. Thus, deregulated expression of the genes analyzed was not sufficient for anchorage‐independent growth. Furthermore, deregulation of most of them was also not necessary. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementation of an Image Stitching Algorithm to a Low-Cost Digital Microscope

In this work we propose an implementation approach to a feature-based algorithm that stitch images which comes form MicroScanner, a low cost digital microscope created at Mogai Information Technology. This program solve the trade-off problem between field of view and resolution. These codes were developed in C++ language, with help of OpenCV library. The sequence of pictures taken is used by the program to reduce computing costs and increase reliability of the resulting mosaic. In addition, the results achieved maintain the quality from original images, and presents better quality and more effective results than previous related works.
The development of the granular convoluted duct in the rat submandibular gland

The development of the granular convoluted duct in the submandibular gland of male rats, 4 to 12 weeks of age, was investigated. During this period, the average weight of the gland increased from 213 to 526 mg, the total DNA and RNA contents doubled, and the protein content tripled. Radioautographs were prepared from Epon embedded sections of the gland of the rats given 3H‐thymidine and stained with toluidine blue. The glands of 4‐week‐old rats consisted mainly of acinar cells (45%), intercalated ductal cells (20%) and striated ductal cells (16%). A few granular convoluted ductal cells were seen in the striated duct close to the intercalated duct. The frequency (and absolute number) of granular convoluted ductal cells increased linearly from 1% (3 × 106) at four weeks to 26% (68 × 106) at eight weeks, while the calculated number of striated ductal cells remained stationary. The absolute number of acinar cells and intercalated ductal cells nearly doubled between four to eight weeks of age. The proliferative activity of all cell types declined with age but between six and ten weeks of age the rate of proliferation of ductal cells was relatively higher than the rate of proliferation of the acinar cells. Morphologically the size and number of granules in the granular convoluted ductal cells increased with age. Based on the above data it is concluded that the granular convoluted ductal cells developed from that segment of the striated ductal cells which is in close proximity with the intercalated ductal cells. The heterogeneity of the granules in the granular convoluted ductal cells observed from six weeks of age might denote the functional diversity of the cells.
The Physical Development of Mongols

Because it is a well differentiated and common form of mental defect, mongolism has been exhaustively studied. Most of the studies, however, have been directed at the possible aetiology of this condition. This paper is not concerned with aetiological problems but is a discussion of two purely physical findings in mongol boys, height and skeletal age. Some findings in adult male mongols have been included for reasons that will be apparent.
Disclosure Policies With Multiple Users

In this paper, we examine how the presence of multiple users with conflicting objectives affects the informativeness of a firm's disclosures when the firm has discretion over disclosure content, and the costs of deviating from truthful disclosures are endogenous. We consider interactions among three parties: an Incumbent, an Entrant, and a representative stockholder. The Incumbent, which represents a public firm, privately observes some valuation-relevant information, which we refer to as the Incumbent's "type. " Since the firm is publicly held, the Incumbent can communicate its type only via a public disclosure. After making this disclosure, the Incumbent distributes its profits to the stockholder as a terminal (liquidating) dividend that depends on its type and on the Entrant's action. The Entrant is a potential competitor who will enter if the Incumbent's information appears "favorable" relative to the cost of entry. Entry represents increased competition in the Incumbent's product market and therefore decreases the terminal dividend. The stockholder
Photosynthetic sulfide oxidation by Chloroflexus aurantiacus, a filamentous, photosynthetic, gliding bacterium

Chloroflexus, a newly described genus of filamentous, photosynthetic, gliding bacteria, oxidizes sulfide anaerobically under photoautotrophic or photoheterotrophic growh conditions and deposits elemental sulfur outside the cell. The formation of sulfur granules outside the cell supports the idea that this organism is related to the green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae).
Interplay between Notch signaling and the homeoprotein Xiro1 is required for neural crest induction in Xenopus embryos

The neural crest is a population of cells that originates at the interface between the neural plate and non-neural ectoderm. Here, we have analyzed the role that Notch and the homeoprotein Xiro1 play in the specification of the neural crest. We show that Xiro1, Notch and the Notch target gene Hairy2A are all expressed in the neural crest territory, whereas the Notch ligands Delta1 and Serrate are expressed in the cells that surround the prospective crest cells. We have used inducible dominant-negative and activator constructs of both Notch signaling components and Xiro1 to analyze the role of these factors in neural crest specification without interfering with mesodermal or neural plate development. Activation of Xiro1 or Notch signaling led to an enlargement of the neural crest territory, whereas blocking their activity inhibited the expression of neural crest markers. It is known that BMPs are involved in the induction of the neural crest and, thus, we assessed whether these two elements might influence the expression of Bmp4. Activation of Xiro1 and of Notch signaling upregulated Hairy2A and inhibited Bmp4 transcription during neural crest specification. These results, in conjunction with data from rescue experiments, allow us to propose a model wherein Xiro1 lies upstream of the cascade regulating Delta1 transcription. At the early gastrula stage, the coordinated action of Xiro1, as a positive regulator, and Snail, as a repressor, restricts the expression of Delta1 at the border of the neural crest territory. At the late gastrula stage, Delta1 interacts with Notch to activate Hairy2A in the region of the neural fold. Subsequently, Hairy2A acts as a repressor of Bmp4 transcription, ensuring that levels of Bmp4 optimal for the specification of the neural plate border are attained in this region. Finally, the activity of additional signals (WNTs, FGF and retinoic acid) in this newly defined domain induces the production of neural crest cells. These data also highlight the different roles played by BMP in neural crest specification in chick and Xenopus or zebrafish embryos.
Growth and Inequality ... 1 Growth and Inequality : A study of Swedish municipalities 1

This paper explores the relationship between the growth rate of the average income and income inequality using data at the municipal level in Sweden for the period 1992-2007. We estimate a fixed effects panel data growth model where the within-municipality income inequality is one of the explanatory variables. Different inequality measures (Gini coefficient, top income shares, and measures of inequality in the lower and upper ends of the income distribution) are also examined. We find a positive and significant relationship between income growth and income inequality, measured as the Gini coefficient and top income shares, respectively. In addition, while inequality at the upper end of the income distribution is positively associated with the income growth rate, inequality at the lower end of the income distribution seems to be negatively related to the growth rate. Our findings also suggest that increased income inequality enhances growth more in municipalities with a high level of average income than in those with a low level of average income.
Protein kinase C-beta II expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma predicts for inferior outcome of anthracycline-based chemotherapy with and without rituximab

Protein kinase C-β II (PKC-β II) expression has been reported to indicate inferior prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. This study compared prognostic significance of immunohistochemically determined PKC-β II expression in de novo DLBCL treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP) chemotherapy with and without rituximab. Outcomes were assessed in 80 consecutive patients, 48 treated with CHOP, and 32 with rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP). PKC-β II expression correlated with inferior overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in CHOP-treated patients with low-risk International Prognostic Index (IPI) disease (0–2 adverse factors), but not in the overall patient group unstratified by IPI. PKC-β II expression correlated with inferior OS and PFS in R-CHOP-treated patients unstratified by IPI status. Immunohistochemically demonstrated PKC-β II expression thus identified patient subgroups where alternative treatment strategies may confer superior outcome. We now report that PKC-β II expression has prognostic significance not only for CHOP therapy in low-risk IPI disease, but also for all patients receiving CHOP plus rituximab.
Spousal Support as Experienced by People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT: About 30% of people with multiple sclerosis require some form of supportive assistance at home, and 80% of that assistance is usually provided by spouses or partners. So, the explanation and understanding of patients’ experiences of support received from their spouses enable spouses and healthcare professionals to reform their actions toward positive support. This study aimed to explore the experiences of people with multiple sclerosis regarding support from their spouses. A qualitative content analysis method was used to conduct this study. The study participants were 25 patients with multiple sclerosis who were chosen through purposeful sampling from multiple sclerosis associations of Isfahan and Tehran (Iran). Data were collected through nonstructured interviews from September 2011 to August 2012. Four themes and nine subthemes emerged through data analysis. The main themes were play a supportive role, establish a friendly and comfortable relationship, help patient to fight the disease, and help to maintain and to improve patients’ functional ability. The results could help in improving the quality of spouses’ support in people with multiple sclerosis. Moreover, it could aid in determining the educational needs of patients as supported persons and spouses as supporters. The results could lead to increased knowledge of healthcare experts about the issue of how Iranian people with multiple sclerosis are being supported by their wives/husbands. Furthermore, it would help them to design caring models to promote successful supporting strategies for patients.
Boron nitride nanosheets decorated with silver nanoparticles through mussel-inspired chemistry of dopamine

Boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was successfully synthesized via mussel-inspired chemistry of dopamine. Poly(dopamine)-functionalized BNNS (PDA-BNNS) was prepared by adding dopamine into the aqueous dispersion of hydroxylated BNNS (OH-BNNS) at alkaline condition. AgNPs were decorated on PDA-BNNS through spontaneous reduction of silver cations by catechol moieties of a PDA layer on BNNS, resulting in AgNP-BNNS with good dispersion stability. Incorporation of PDA on BNNS not only played a role as a surface functionalization method of BNNS, but also provided a molecular platform for creating very sophisticated two-dimensional (2D) BNNS-based hybrid nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticle-decorated BNNS.
Effect of soluble dietary fibre on the viscosity of gastrointestinal contents and the acute glycaemic response in the rat

The postprandial glycaemic response following a meal is reduced with the addition of soluble dietary fibre. The reductions in the glycaemia are thought to be due largely to increased viscosity of the gastrointestinal (GI) contents retarding digestion and absorption. The aims of the present study were to determine the effect that the GI tract has on the viscosity of meals containing different soluble fibres and to determine whether the glycaemic response of a meal (containing the soluble fibre) was predicted by the viscosity of the digesta in the small intestine. High carbohydrate diets containing 70 g soluble fibre (guar gum, xanthan gum or methylcellulose)/kg or 70 g insoluble fibre (wheat bran)/kg were diluted in water to a final fibre concentration of 18 g/kg. Following dilution the wheat bran diet had no measurable viscosity, while the viscosities of the soluble fibre diets were elevated. When the diets were fed to male Sprague–Dawley rats for 2 weeks the viscosities of the stomach and small intestinal digesta were not predicted by the viscosity of the diets measured before ingestion The action of the GI tract on the viscosity of the soluble fibres was investigated in vitro by dilution of the diets with acidic and neutralizing solutions, mimicking gastric and duodenal secretions. Dilution of diets with either acidic and neutralizing solutions or saline control significantly lowered the viscosity of all diets, while alterations in the pH of the diets had little impact on the resultant viscosity. When fasted rats were orally administered with the differing diets (0.25 g carbohydrate/kg body weight), the postprandial glucose response was reduced following the soluble-fibre-containing meals when compared with the wheat bran-supplemented meal, although the reduction in glycaemia only reached statistical significance with xanthan supplementation. These results indicate that there are large changes in the viscosity of a meal containing soluble fibre following ingestion, and that dilution of the diet by GI secretions is important in determining the resultant viscosity in the small intestine. Furthermore, the large differences in viscosity of the GI contents following consumption of the diets containing the soluble fibres were not predictive of the postprandial glycaemic response.
Effects of ephedrine on the onset time of neuromuscular block and intubating conditions after cisatracurium: preliminary results.

We studied the effects of intravenous ephedrine on the onset time and the intubating conditions 2 min after a bolus dose of cisatracurium (0.15 mg kg-1). Thirty patients anaesthetized with sufentanil and propofol were randomly divided in 2 groups to receive either ephedrine (70 micrograms.kg-1) or saline, 5 s before propofol. Cisatracurium was administered after loss of consciousness. Neuromuscular block was assessed at the adductor pollicis using accelography. Tracheal intubation was performed 2 min after cisatracurium injection and rated as excellent, good, poor or bad. At intubation, neuromuscular block (% height of control T1) was greater in patients receiving ephedrine (36.1 +/- 25.8% vs 57.9 +/- 25.1%) (mean +/- SD). The frequency of excellent intubating conditions was higher after ephedrine (86.6%) than after saline (40.0%). The onset time of cisatracurium was shorter after ephedrine (167 +/- 64.8 s vs 234.9 +/- 63.1 s). Thus, a low dose of ephedrine given before induction of anaesthesia improves the intubating conditions 2 min after 0.15 mg kg-1 cisatracurium and this effect likely relates to a quicker onset of neuromuscular block.
Anatomical and radiological study of the thoracic paravertebral space in dogs: iohexol distribution pattern and use of the nerve stimulator.

OBJECTIVE To describe the landmarks and methodology to approach the thoracic paravertebral space in dogs; to evaluate if intercostal muscular response could be evoked by a nerve-stimulator; to radiographically assess the distribution pattern of a radio-opaque contrast medium after thoracic paravertebral injections. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, controlled, experimental trial. ANIMALS Two mongrel dog cadavers (anatomical study) and 24 mongrel dogs (experimental study). METHODS For the anatomic study 0.2 mL kg(-1) of new methylene blue (NMB) was injected at the 5th thoracic paravertebral space; for the experimental study dogs were divided into three groups and received 1 (T(5)), 2 (T(4) and T(6)) or 4 (T(4), T(5), T(6) and T(7)) paravertebral injections of iohexol. The paravertebral approach was performed with insulated needles using landmarks and a blind technique. When the needle tip reached the respective thoracic paravertebral space, the nerve-stimulator was switched-on and the presence/absence of intercostal muscular twitch was registered, thus a total volume of 0.2 mL kg(-1) of iohexol, divided into equal parts for each injection point, was administered. Radiological studies were performed with two orthogonal projections at different times. Positive injection was confirmed when the paravertebral space was occupied by iohexol in both projections. RESULTS NMB was distributed in the T(5) paraverterbal space. In the experimental study, when the needle tip reached the respective paravertebral space, intercostal twitching was obtained in 80% of the total injections with a stimulating current of 0.5 mA. The incidence of positive cases when the intercostal twitch was obtained with 0.5 mA was 83.3%. The main distribution pattern observed was cloud like without longitudinal diffusion. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intercostal muscular responses obtained with a stimulating current of 0.5 mA could be useful to locate thoracic spinal nerves in dogs and in our study the injected solution was confined to one thoracic paravertebral space.
Expert Concepts of Sustainable Service Innovation in Restaurants in Taiwan

Sustainable service innovation is a critical attribute in restaurant management that is widely recognized by experts and restaurant owners. In this paper, we investigated ideas on sustainable service innovation in restaurants gathered from interviews with restaurant managers, government experts and scholars in Taiwan. The analytical results show that five dimensions are major indicators of sustainable service innovation in the restaurant management field. These include the following dimensions: sustainable service innovation, food service technology, organizational learning, adoption of innovation and organizational environment. We also found that these five dimensions are important and that they deeply impact restaurant performance. We discuss the characteristics of these five attributes, and talk about the theoretical and empirical implications of research findings.
A Comparison of Acute Reversible Pre‐ and Postsinusoidal Portal Hypertension on Salt and Water Retention in the Dog

To define the relationship between portal hypertension and renal excretion of salt and water, two acute animal models of portal hypertension were investigated. In both models, it was necessary for systemic and renal hemodynamics to remain unchanged during the creation of portal hypertension so as to eliminate the effects of change in these parameters on renal excretion.
Assessment of cortical inhibition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by paired-chirp auditory evoked potentials

In order to further research cortical impairment in ADHD patients, late auditory evoked potentials were measured. By using paired-chirp auditory late responses, we compared the ADHD group against a control group, focusing on the inhibition elicited by the stimuli. The results show overall smaller amplitudes in the N100 and P200 waves, as well as a reduced inhibition in test chirp for ADHD patients. A frequency study using the wavelet phase synchronization stability transform was made in order to strengthen the results, as well as analysis of variance test for frequency and reproducibility index for amplitude. Both amplitude and frequency show there is an impaired auditory inhibition in ADHD patients, for interstimulus intervals of 500 and 700 ms, and reinforce the knowledge that impairments in this condition are present in multiple cortical areas.
Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of Essential Oils of Piper septuplinervium and P. subtomentosum (Piperaceae)

Essential oils of Piper subtomentosum (leaves and inflorescences) and Piper septuplinervium (aerial parts) were analyzed by GC-MS; sixty-three compounds were determined, representing 92.0%, 86.9 %, and 91.8 % of the total relative oil composition of the leaves, inflorescences, and aerial parts, respectively. The most abundant component in the aerial parts and inflorescence oils was α-pinene (27.3%, 21.0%, respectively), and δ-cadinene was the main component of the leaf oil. Insecticidal activity of the essential oils were determined on the Spodoptera frugiperda second instar larvae; the essential oil from the aerial parts of P. septuplinervium was the most active against insect pests (LC50= 9.4 μL/L of air). Statistical analysis by direct Pearson correlation showed that the insecticidal activity of the essential oils was primarily due to camphene and α- and β-pinene. The effect of the oils on the insect life cycle was also evaluated, and in some cases, a delay in growth and inhibition of the oviposition in the females were observed.