Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lexicalization of light verb structures and the semantics of nouns

In this study I shall focus on two Romance idiomatic patterns and the semantics of nouns. It is shown that idioms, in addition to having distinct basic argument structure representations, are formed in syntax by various instantiations of Merge. It is argued that there is a lexicalization pattern reflecting semantic conflation (Talmy 1985, 2000) between cause and degree. This pattern, in syntactic terms, is the output of subsequent Merge operations (Chomsky 1995) between the object noun of a monadic argument structure, an indefinite quantifier and an adjunct phrase. The study of this lexicalization pattern is of interest with regard to the semantics of bare nouns, especially of bare count singular nouns in object position; it is proved that bare nouns are interpreted as properties, and, because of this, they permit quantification over degrees. By contrast, there is a second lexicalization pattern starting from a composite argument structure which licenses an individual or a kind denoting reading for the DP object.
Incidence, Costs and Predictors of Non-Union, Delayed Union and Mal-Union Following Long Bone Fracture

Fracture healing complications are common and result in significant healthcare burden. The aim of this study was to determine the rate, costs and predictors of two-year readmission for surgical management of healing complications (delayed, mal, non-union) following fracture of the humerus, tibia or femur. Humeral, tibial and femoral (excluding proximal) fractures registered by the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry over five years (n = 3962) were linked with population-level hospital admissions data to identify two-year readmissions for delayed, mal or non-union. Study outcomes included hospital length-of-stay (LOS) and inpatient costs. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine demographic and injury-related factors associated with admission for fracture healing complications. Of the 3886 patients linked, 8.1% were readmitted for healing complications within two years post-fracture, with non-union the most common complication and higher rates for femoral and tibial shaft fractures. Admissions for fracture healing complications incurred total costs of $4.9 million AUD, with a median LOS of two days. After adjusting for confounders, patients had higher odds of developing complications if they were older, receiving compensation or had tibial or femoral shaft fractures. Patients who are older, with tibial and femoral shaft fractures should be targeted for future research aimed at preventing complications.
THE OPTICALLY UNBIASED GRB HOST (TOUGH) SURVEY. VI. RADIO OBSERVATIONS AT z ≲ 1 AND CONSISTENCY WITH TYPICAL STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

The objective of this paper is to determine the level of obscured star formation activity and dust attenuation in a sample of gamma-ray burst (GRB) hosts, and to test the hypothesis that GRB hosts have properties consistent with those of the general star-forming galaxy populations. We present a radio continuum survey of all z < 1 GRB hosts in The Optically Unbiased GRB Host (TOUGH) sample supplemented with radio data for all (mostly pre-Swift) GRB-SN hosts discovered before 2006 October. We present new radio data for 22 objects and have obtained a detection for three of them (GRB 980425, 021211, 031203; none in the TOUGH sample), increasing the number of radio-detected GRB hosts from two to five. The star formation rate (SFR) for the GRB 021211 host of ∼825 M☉ yr−1, the highest ever reported for a GRB host, places it in the category of ultraluminous infrared galaxies. We found that at least ∼63% of GRB hosts have SFR < 100 M☉ yr−1 and at most ∼8% can have SFR > 500 M☉ yr−1. For the undetected hosts the mean radio flux (<35 μJy 3σ) corresponds to an average SFR < 15 M☉ yr−1. Moreover, ≳ 88% of the z ≲ 1 GRB hosts have ultraviolet dust attenuation AUV < 6.7 mag (visual attenuation AV < 3 mag). Hence, we did not find evidence for large dust obscuration in a majority of GRB hosts. Finally, we found that the distributions of SFRs and AUV of GRB hosts are consistent with those of Lyman break galaxies, Hα emitters at similar redshifts, and of galaxies from cosmological simulations. The similarity of the GRB population with other star-forming galaxies is consistent with the hypothesis that GRBs, a least at z ≲ 1, trace a large fraction of all star formation, and are therefore less biased indicators than once thought.
Reduction in Numbers of Bacteria after Pre-milking Teat Dipping in Milking Dairy Cows

This study was conducted to evaluate the amount of bacteria at the teat tips after pre-milking teat dipping, compared to cleaning with chlorine solution disinfectant only. Twenty-four clinically-healthy milking cows from a smallholder dairy farm in a Mae-on cooperative, Chiang Mai, Thailand, were used. After washing, udders were soaked in clean water containing 100 ppm of chlorine and dried with a single-used cloth. Then, samples from the teat tip area were collected after the teats became dry to form a control group (CONTROL). After the same preparation, a teat disinfectant was applied, as for pre-milking teat dipping, to form a treatment group (TREATMENT). Numbers of the colony- forming unit (CFU) of bacteria were counted on a standard agar plate, with those of coliform bacteria counted from a specific culture. Mean log of the CFU was compared between CONTROL and TREATMENT by the Student's T-test. A P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Based on values of the geometric mean of both groups, total bacterial count of CONTROL was about 3.5 times higher than that of TREATMENT. A result from statistical analysis showed that total bacterial counts in CONTROL were significantly higher than those in TREATMENT. In conclusion, pre-milking teat dipping is advantageous for smallholder dairy farms in which cows are intensively cleaned with chlorine solution disinfectant.
Developing Learning Environments for Blended and Online Learning

Developing online and blended learning programs at a university requires the selection of an appropriate framework which addresses the criteria of effective pedagogy. This paper aims to determine a framework for developing and evaluating online and blended learning environments within university educational contexts. The paper is based on the experience of developing blended and online teacher training programs in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages at Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia. First, the paper outlines the methodology of the project. Then, it explores various concepts and theoretical models of learning environments. The next part of the paper examines students’ perspective of the elements of the learning environment as defined by the framework of choice. The paper concludes with a comparative overview of the theoretical framework and its application within the Bond University context.
2.5D Visual Sound

Binaural audio provides a listener with 3D sound sensation, allowing a rich perceptual experience of the scene. However, binaural recordings are scarcely available and require nontrivial expertise and equipment to obtain. We propose to convert common monaural audio into binaural audio by leveraging video. The key idea is that visual frames reveal significant spatial cues that, while explicitly lacking in the accompanying single-channel audio, are strongly linked to it. Our multi-modal approach recovers this link from unlabeled video. We devise a deep convolutional neural network that learns to decode the monaural (single-channel) soundtrack into its binaural counterpart by injecting visual information about object and scene configurations. We call the resulting output 2.5D visual sound---the visual stream helps "lift" the flat single channel audio into spatialized sound. In addition to sound generation, we show the self-supervised representation learned by our network benefits audio-visual source separation. Our video results: http://vision.cs. utexas.edu/projects/2.5D_visual_sound/
Acupuncture for migraine: a protocol for a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised controlled trials

Introduction Although the effectiveness of acupuncture for episodic migraine has been confirmed by multiple clinical trials and Cochrane systematic reviews, the mechanisms underlying the specific effect of acupuncture for migraine remain controversial. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for both episodic migraine and chronic migraine by meta-analysis and explore the possible factors influencing the specific effect of acupuncture for migraine by meta-regression. Methods and analysis We will search for randomised control trials of acupuncture for migraine in the following eight databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED (via OVID) and four Chinese databases (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database and Wanfang Database) from inception to 31 December 2017. We will also search OpenSIGLE (opensigle.inist.fr) for conference abstracts. No language restriction will be applied. The selection of studies, data extraction and coding and assessment of risk of bias of the included studies will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Standard meta-analysis and, if appropriate, meta-regression will be performed using the R packages Meta and Metafor. Ethics and dissemination The results of this meta-analysis and meta-regression will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference. The data used in this meta-analysis will not contain individual patient data; therefore, ethical approval is not required. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018087270.
Latino Immigrant Employment During the Great Recession: A Comparison of the United States and Spain

The Great Recession profoundly impacted labor markets in the United States and Spain, the two most important destinations for Latin American immigrants. Unemployment rates dou­ bled within two years and increased at an even greater rate for Latino immigrants. Using na­ tional labor force surveys (Encuesta de Poblacion Activa for Spain and Current Population Survey for the U.S.), this article compares employment trends of natives, immigrants in general, and Latino immigrants in both countries by sectors. We conclude that despite the differences in the Spanish and U.S. economies and the historical distinctions between immigration flows from Latin America to both countries, the crisis’s effects on employment have similar features and show the greater vulnerability of immigrants in general and Latino immigrants in particular.
Effects of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on the Performance of Publicly Traded SMEs in Developing Economies

Corporate governance mechanisms are of particular interest to publicly listed SMEs, as ineffective governance mechanisms, or the nonexistence of effective ones, can lead to the speedy and sure demise of these enterprises, as they generally do not possess the resources to survive as their larger counterparts. This paper examines the role of various governance mechanisms on the performance or market valuation of publicly traded SMEs, using Tobin’s Q, as a measure of market valuation. In an effort to stimulate theory building and empirical research in the realm of small firms, the paper proposes a number of propositions regarding the relationship between the governance mechanisms of management share ownership, board composition, institutional investor shareholding, and top management team size, on the one hand; and the performance of publicly listed SMEs, on the other. It makes an important contribution to the literature, as no prior governance studies have been found that examine the governance-performance relationships in publicly listed SMEs in small, open, developing economies, such as Jamaica. The paper concludes by offering important insights and recommendations for further SME-related governance research, such as how structural equation modelling may be applied to this research stream.
Which Aspects of Central Bank Transparency Matter? A Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of Transparency of Survey Forecasts

We investigate whether a higher level of central bank transparency can reduce the degree of disagreement across individual forecasters, and whether it can improve the forecasting performance of survey respondents. The analysis is carried out on a panel data set that is richer than those used by previous studies. This unique data set allows us to test both for causality and for misspecification. Moreover, it allows us to identify the effects of various aspects of transparency separately and to assign weights to them reflecting their relative importance in reducing uncertainty. Finally, we construct a new composite measure of transparency using the estimated weights.
OGLE-2014-SN-131: A long-rising Type Ibn supernova from a massive progenitor

Context. Type Ibn supernovae (SNe Ibn) are thought to be thecore-collapse explosions of massive stars whose ejecta interact withHe-rich circumstellar material (CSM). Aims: We report thediscovery of a SN Ibn, with the longest rise-time ever observed,OGLE-2014-SN-131. We discuss the potential powering mechanisms and theprogenitor nature of this peculiar stripped-envelope (SE),circumstellar-interacting SN. Methods: Optical photometry andspectroscopy were obtained with multiple telescopes including VLT, NTT,and GROND. We compare light curves and spectra with those of other knownSNe Ibn and Ibc. CSM velocities are derived from the spectral analysis.The SN light curve is modeled under different assumptions about itspowering mechanism (56Ni decay, CSM-interaction, magnetar) inorder to estimate the SN progenitor parameters. Results:OGLE-2014-SN-131 spectroscopically resembles SNe Ibn such as SN 2010al.Its peak luminosity and post-peak colors are also similar to those ofother SNe Ibn. However, it shows an unprecedentedly long rise-time and amuch broader light curve compared to other SNe Ibn. Its bolometric lightcurve can be reproduced by magnetar and CSM-interaction models, but notby a 56Ni-decay powering model. Conclusions: Toexplain the unusually long rise-time, the broad light curve, the lightcurve decline, and the spectra characterized by narrow emission lines,we favor a powering mechanism where the SN ejecta are interacting with adense CSM. The progenitor of OGLE-2014-SN-131 was likely a Wolf-Rayetstar with a mass greater than that of a typical SN Ibn progenitor, whichexpelled the CSM that the SN is interacting with.The photometry is available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (http://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat? J/A+A/602/A93.
Optogenetic control of iPS cell‐derived neurons in 2D and 3D culture systems using channelrhodopsin‐2 expression driven by the synapsin‐1 and calcium‐calmodulin kinase II promoters

Development of an optogenetically controllable human neural network model in three‐dimensional (3D) cultures can provide an investigative system that is more physiologically relevant and better able to mimic aspects of human brain function. Light‐sensitive neurons were generated by transducing channelrhodopsin‐2 (ChR2) into human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived neural progenitor cells (Axol) using lentiviruses and cell‐type specific promoters. A mixed population of human iPSC‐derived cortical neurons, astrocytes and progenitor cells were obtained (Axol‐ChR2) upon neural differentiation. Pan‐neuronal promoter synapsin‐1 (SYN1) and excitatory neuron‐specific promoter calcium‐calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) were used to drive reporter gene expression in order to assess the differentiation status of the targeted cells. Expression of ChR2 and characterisation of subpopulations in differentiated Axol‐ChR2 cells were evaluated using flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining. These cells were transferred from 2D culture to 3D alginate hydrogel functionalised with arginine‐glycine‐aspartate (RGD) and small molecules (Y‐27632). Improved RGD‐alginate hydrogel was physically characterised and assessed for cell viability to serve as a generic 3D culture system for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and neuronal cells. Prior to cell encapsulation, neural network activities of Axol‐ChR2 cells and primary neurons were investigated using calcium imaging. Results demonstrate that functional activities were successfully achieved through expression of ChR2‐ by both the CaMKII and SYN1 promoters. The RGD‐alginate hydrogel system supports the growth of differentiated Axol‐ChR2 cells whilst allowing detection of ChR2 expression upon light stimulation. This allows precise and non‐invasive control of human neural networks in 3D.
Screening University Students for Rheumatic Heart Disease

Introduction: Screening using echocardiography is currently recognized as the state of art tool for early detection of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Unfortunately, primary and periodic examination freshman university students, does not include examination of the heart via echocardiography. Aim: To screen freshman medical students for RHD and other risk factors that can aggravate the progression of the heart disease. Methods: Freshman (first year) medical students were exposed to full cardiovascular examination. Four hundred students were targeted only 150 completed the exam. All students underwent a full anthropometric assessment for weight, height and Body mass index and screening for high blood pressure. A full cardiac exam was done for 100 students using a portable echocardiography machine. Results: Overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was 6.7% and 11.3% respectively. Pre-hypertension and hypertension were detected in 10.7% and 8% respectively. By echocardiography exam, mitral valve prolapse was detected in 4 (4%) and RHD in 3 students (3%) which was mostly mitral regurgitation was the main lesion in 100% of the cases. There was a direct positive significant correlation between overweight, obesity and hypertension at P<0.001. Conclusion: Screening for cardiovascular disease for freshman student is important to reveal hidden cardiovascular disease. Echocardiography is helpful tool in early identification of silent disease.
CSN 1 S 1 Gene : Allele Frequency , and the Relationship with Milk

The major proteins of milk are αs1-, αs2-, βand κ-caseins (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3), α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin which are present in different balanced concentration in bovine milk. The CSN1S1 gene has 22069 bp in length with 19 exons (Koczan et al. 1991). It has been reported that its position is located between the FBN14 and CSN3 markers, with 5.6 cM distance (Prinzenberg et al. 2003). So far, nine genetic variants (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I) of CSN1S1 in bovine milk have been identified. The ‘B’ allele is predominant in European cattle breeds, followed by CSN1S1*C (Rando et al. 1998; Formaggioni, 1999; Farrell et al. 2004). For CSN1S1 casein, Ayrshire cattle posses the ‘B’ variant only, Shorthorn, Guernsey, and Jersey cattle posses the ‘B’ and ‘C’ variants and Holstein cattle posses the ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ variants (Lin et al. 1986; Lien et al. 1999). The rare variants CSN1S1 ‘A’ and ‘D’ were found in German Holstein and German and Polish Red Cattle with low frequency. Homozygous genotypes CSN1S1 is one of the major genes encoding milk proteins of mammals. In this study we determined allele frequencies of CSN1S1-5` flanking region as well as exon 17 variants and their effects on milk traits in three indigenous cattle breeds Mazandarani, Golpaygani (Bos indicus) and Sarabi (Bos taurus) and Holstein cattle in Iran. CSN1S1*B variant was nearly fixed in Holstein but ranged from 0.40 to 0.66 in indigenous breeds. CSN1S1*C allele had higher frequency in indigenous breeds, especially in Bos indicus. Four genetic variants of the promoter were found in all breeds in different frequencies with allele 2 being the prevalent in all breeds (frequency 0.359 to 0.711) and allele 4 the least frequent (0.074 to 0.011). Allele B of the coding region was found in combination with all four promoter alleles. Allele 4 of the promoter was not found in any cow having the exon 17 allele C in all breeds except Mazandarani. BC / 23 genotype yielded the highest fat percentage (P<0.05) in Holstein but it had no significant effect in Golpaygani. There was not any homozygous CSN1S1*CC cow, to investigate the influence of C variant for fat content. None of the genetic combinations had significant effect on fat yield, although variant '2' of promoter indicated a negative effect. No significant effect among various combined genotypes on milk yield was found, but CSN1S1*B tended to higher milk production. Differences of allelic frequencies and milk production traits found among these breeds might be due to differences in origin of breeds or selection breeding programs.
Performance of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat . cv . ‘ Chandrama ’ grown at different levels of planting density and stem maintained per plant

Chrysanthemum has wide acceptability as cut flower due to its wide range of colour, types and exotic forms. Keeping in view the market demand of these flowers a study was conducted at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia to note the differences in growth habit of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. cv ‘Chandrama’ under the influence of different plant densities and stems maintained per plant. The results revealed that the plants under the treatment P 1 (12 plants/m) performed better in respect to all the growth and flowering parameter, however, leaves/plant was maximum in the treatment P 3 (20 plants/m). Number of stems/plant showed significant variation (on the basis of pooled data) in all the characters undertaken during the study. But the treatment failed to significantly influence plant height and leaf number. Unpinched single stemmed plants recorded greater leaf area, showed early flowering and also produced larger and heavier flowers with longer and thicker flower stalks and maximum shelf-life. Lower plant density plants were larger with respect to all the parameters.
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In this paper, we show substantial empirical evidence that house prices are more sensitive to shocks to percapita income, in countries where housing finance is more developed. This result is consistent with the theoretical framework developed in the paper, where we study the impact ofprogressive relaxation of financiai constraints on housing demand and equilibrium house prices. Our results are consistent with recent literature on financiai constraints and business investment, which argues that the investment of less constrained firms can be more sensitive to changes in cash flow. More broadly, our results challenge the traditional view that financiai development leads to smaller fluctuations in key economic variables. The policy implications are c1ear and important. Even iffinancial development is desirable for other reasons, the potential associated increase in volatility should be an explicit policy concern. "New York University, Stern School ofBusiness, and University ofChicago. E-mail: halmeida@midway.uchicago. edu. I am grateful to Owen Lamont, Stephen Malpezzi, Raghuram Rajan and Luigi Zingales for their guidance and specific suggestions. I also wish to thank Olympia Bover, Peter Englund, Stephen Malpezzi, Felipe Morande and Sock-Yong Phang for kindly providing me with data. Ali mistakes and omissions are my OWD. & Preliminary version.