Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Display Social and Environmental Sustainability of Food Products

Sustainability concept has become an important subject in the people daily consumption. Therefore, many companies have changed their way of working to meet consumers’ new expectations in terms of food impacts on the environment and society. In food market, consumers are considered as principal stakeholders and therefore the most important actors for the transition towards a more sustainable production. Moreover the issue of the sustainability of products and its eco-labeling has been raised in order to allow consumers to choose "sustainable" products. We propose in this article to evaluate the consumer behavior toward sustainable food products information. Sustainability is reflected in its environmental and social dimensions. An experiment results show that the information on sustainability brings additional value to the product. Social sustainability is becoming increasingly more important for consumers compared to environmental impacts. Results lead to recommendations about the way it will be suitable to display the product sustainability information. 
Ambulatory Glucose Profile: Representation of Verified Self-Monitored Blood Glucose Data

Sixty-nine individuals with diabetes (23 with type I, 15 with pregestational, and 31 with gestational) used specially modified reflectance meters containing memory chips enabling the instruments to store 440 individual blood glucose values with corresponding time and date. These data were organized into 14-day periods and then collapsed into a graphic depiction, the Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP), which was represented as the pattern of the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of blood glucose values. These three curves illustrate the median level of control and provide an index of variability in control at each hour of a “typical day. ” We observed distinctive AGPs related to the variability in metabolic control and the type of diabetes. Comparisons between diagnostic groups showed consistent differences between groups, independent of level of glycemic control. Review of serial AGPs obtained for sequential 2-wk periods for 23 non-pregnant individuals with type I diabetes and 10 women with gestational diabetes revealed changes in AGP corresponding to alterations in regimen. The AGP provides a new approach to the evaluation of glycemic control, with applications to patient and physician education, clinical investigation, and individual patient care.
Multi-site closed-loop stimulation strategy for seizure control with a generalized neurostimulator

The requirements of exploring multi-site responsive stimulation for epilepsy treatment have driven the development of neurostimulator with more recording channels, more stimulation channels, and more powerful on-board calculation. In this paper, a multi-channel closed-loop stimulation system based on FPGA platform, which implements 32-channel 30kS/s recording and 4-channel arbitrary waveform (up to 1mA, ±15V voltage compliance) constant-current stimulation, was adopted for seizure control on kainic-acid injected rodents. Seizure can be detected autonomously within the FPGA and trigger flexible stimulation patterns using a custom application on PC. Four triple-electrodes were implanted into rat's motor cortex, CA1, CA3 and STN for signal recording and electrical stimulation. The responsive stimulations were delivered once seizure patterns were detected on any channel. In-vivo results showed various epileptiform electrographic patterns at different site with different onset time. The multi-site stimulation in different brain area rather than single target stimulation are promisingly a better strategy for seizure control.
A mouse model for the cystic fibrosis delta F508 mutation.

Most cystic fibrosis (CF) patients produce a mutant form (delta F508) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is not properly processed in normal cells but is active as a chloride channel in several experimental systems. We used a double homologous recombination (‘Hit and Run’) procedure to generate a mouse model for the delta F508 mutation. Targeted embryonic stem (ES) cells (Hit clones) were found; of these either 80 or 20% of the clones had lost the delta F508 mutation, depending on the distance between the linearization site in the targeting construct and the delta F508 mutation. Correctly targeted clones underwent a second selection step resulting in ES cell clones (Run clones) heterozygous for the delta F508 mutation with an efficiency of 2–7%. Chimeric mice were generated and offspring homozygous for the delta F508 mutation showed electrophysiological abnormalities in nasal epithelium, gallbladder and in the intestine, and histological abnormalities in the intestine, typical of CF. Our data suggest that the delta F508 mice have residual delta F508 CFTR activity which would explain the mild pathology of the delta F508 mice. The delta F508 mouse may provide a useful model for the study of the processing defect of delta F508 CFTR and for the development of novel therapeutic approaches based on circumvention of the processing block.
Genome scan in familial late‐onset Alzheimer's disease: A locus on chromosome 6 contributes to age‐at‐onset

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common, genetically complex, fatal neurodegenerative disorder of late life. Although several genes are known to play a role in early‐onset AD, identification of the genetic basis of late onset AD (LOAD) has been challenging, with only the APOE gene known to have a high contribution to both AD risk and age‐at‐onset. Here, we present the first genome‐scan analysis of the complete, well‐characterized University of Washington LOAD sample of 119 pedigrees, using age‐at‐onset as the trait of interest. The analysis approach used allows for a multilocus trait model while at the same time accommodating age censoring, effects of APOE as a known genetic covariate, and full pedigree and marker information. The results provide strong evidence for linkage of loci contributing to age‐at‐onset to genomic regions on chromosome 6q16.3, and to 19q13.42 in the region of the APOE locus. There was evidence for interaction between APOE and the locus on chromosome 6q and suggestive evidence for linkage to chromosomes 11p13, 15q12‐14, and 19p13.12. These results provide the first independent confirmation of an AD age‐at‐onset locus on chromosome 6 and suggest that further efforts towards identifying the underlying causal locus or loci are warranted. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple modes of activation of the stress‐responsive MAP kinase pathway in fission yeast

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe wis1+ gene is essential for cell survival under stress conditions. The MAPKK homologue Wis1 is required for activation of the MAPK homologue Spc1, and integrity of the Wis1–Spc1 pathway is required for survival in extreme conditions of heat, osmolarity, oxidation or limited nutrition. We show here that Wis4, a protein kinase of a new MAPKKK class, phosphorylates Wis1 in vitro and activates it in vivo. Win1 is also required for full activation of Wis1, and Win1 rather than Wis4 mediates the osmotic stress signal. Surprisingly, the pathway can still be activated by heat or oxidative stress independently of the phosphorylation of two conserved Wis1 residues. Evidence is presented that the Pyp1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, which dephosphorylates Spc1, is central to this alternative activation mechanism.
Study on the ERCC 1 gene polymorphism response to chemotherapy and prognosis of gastric cancer

We conducted a cohort study to investigate the role of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the excision repair crosscomplimentary group 1 (ERCC1) gene polymorphism in response to chemotherapy and clinical outcomes of gastric cancer. A total of 231 patients with newly diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed primary gastric cancer participated in the study. ERCC1 rs11615 and rs3212986 were genotyped. Individuals with the ERCC1 rs11615 TT genotype and the T allele showed a significant poorer response to chemotherapy compared to the wild-type genotype. Patients carrying the rs11615 TT genotype (22.8 months) and the T allele (24.2 months) showed a significantly shorter median survival time when compared with the GG genotype (33.7 months). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that adjusted hazard ratios of overall survival in those carrying the rs11615 TT genotype and the T allele were 2.79 (1.15-7.26)
Ataque de nervios: relationship to anxiety sensitivity and dissociation predisposition

We investigated the relative importance of “fear of arousal symptoms” (i.e., anxiety sensitivity) and “dissociation tendency” in generating ataque de nervios. Puerto Rican patients attending an outpatient psychiatric clinic were assessed for ataque de nervios frequency in the previous month, and they completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) and the Dissociation Experiences Scale (DES). ASI scores were especially high in the ataque‐positive group (M=41.6, SD=12.8) as compared with the ataque‐negative group (M=27.2, SD=11.7), t(2, 68)=4.6, P<. 001. Among the whole sample (N=70), in a logistic regression analysis, the ASI significantly predicted (odds ratio=2.6) the presence of ataque de nervios, but the DES did not. In a linear regression analysis, ataque severity was significantly predicted by both the ASI (β=.46) and the DES (β=.29). The theoretical and clinical implications of the strong relationship of the ASI to ataque severity are discussed. Depression and Anxiety 0:1–7, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The performance of administrative and self-reported measures for risk adjustment of Veterans Affairs expenditures.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of different prospective risk adjustment models of outpatient, inpatient, and total expenditures of veterans who regularly use Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care. DATA SOURCES We utilized administrative, survey and expenditure data on 14,449 VA patients enrolled in a randomized trial that gave providers regular patient health assessments. STUDY DESIGN This cohort study compared five administrative data-based, two self-report risk adjusters, and base year expenditures in prospective models. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS VA outpatient care and nonacute inpatient care expenditures were based on unit expenditures and utilization, while VA expenditures for acute inpatient care were calculated from a Medicare-based inpatient cost function. Risk adjusters for this sample were constructed from diagnosis, medication and self-report data collected during a clinical trial. Model performance was compared using adjusted R2 and predictive ratios. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In all expenditure models, administrative-based measures performed better than self-reported measures, which performed better than age and gender. The Diagnosis Cost Groups (DCG) model explained total expenditure variation (R2=7.2 percent) better than other models. Prior outpatient expenditures predicted outpatient expenditures best by far (R2=42 percent). Models with multiple measures improved overall prediction, reduced over-prediction of low expenditure quintiles, and reduced under-prediction in the highest quintile of expenditures. CONCLUSIONS Prediction of VA total expenditures was poor because expenditure variation reflected utilization variation, but not patient severity. Base year expenditures were the best predictor of outpatient expenditures and nearly the best for total expenditures. Models that combined two or more risk adjusters predicted expenditures better than single-measure models, but are more difficult and expensive to apply.
Photosensitive mycosis fungoides or actinic reticuloid?

We report two patients who satisfied the diagnostic criteria for actinic reticuloid (AR) on initial presentation, in whom genotypic analysis of early skin biopsies failed to show T‐cell gene receptor rearrangements. Both patients progressed to widespread skin involvement associated with histopathological and genotypic features of mycosis fungoides (MF). Arguably, these patients may have had photosensitive MF from the outset, but their clinical features, phototesting, and subsequent demonstration of a T‐cell gene receptor rearrangement in the skin could also suggest progression of AR to MF.
Importance of Protein Kinase C Targeting for the Phosphorylation of Its Substrate, Myristoylated Alanine-rich C-kinase Substrate*

We visualized the translocation of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) in living Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells using MARCKS tagged to green fluorescent protein (MARCKS-GFP). MARCKS-GFP was rapidly translocated from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm after the treatment with phorbol ester, which translocates protein kinase C (PKC) to the plasma membrane. In contrast, PKC activation by hydrogen peroxide, which was not accompanied by PKC translocation, did not alter the intracellular localization of MARCKS-GFP. Non-myristoylated mutant of MARCKS-GFP was distributed throughout the cytoplasm, including the nucleoplasm, and was not translocated by phorbol ester or by hydrogen peroxide. Phosphorylation of wild-type MARCKS-GFP was observed in cells treated with phorbol ester but not with hydrogen peroxide, whereas non-myristoylated mutant of MARCKS-GFP was phosphorylated in cells treated with hydrogen peroxide but not with phorbol ester. Phosphorylation of both MARCKS-GFPs reduced the amount of F-actin. These findings revealed that PKC targeting to the plasma membrane is required for the phosphorylation of membrane-associated MARCKS and that a mutant MARCKS existing in the cytoplasm can be phosphorylated by PKC activated in the cytoplasm without translocation but not by PKC targeted to the membrane.
Effect of agriculture-nutrition education and extension services on early adoption and diffusion of biofortfied crops: The case of orange-fleshed sweetpotato in Kenya

Biofortification of crops to combat micronutrient deficiencies is gaining global recognition. Projects promoting biofortified crops use intensive agriculture-nutrition education and extension to increase adoption of such crops. This study used discrete choice regression analysis and data collected from households targeted by a project with one of the most intense agriculture-nutrition education and extension program to test the effect of such program on the adoption and diffusion of biofortfied crops. The study was conducted in western Kenya and involved 537 households with children under 5 years, a pregnant or lactating women. The study finds that intensive agriculture-nutrition education and extension programs adopted by some of the biofortification projects indeed increases the likelihood of adoption and diffusion of biofortified crops. It specifically finds that participation in events that offer practical education on the agronomy and preparation of foods from such crops, participation in mother-to-mother nutrition support platforms and nutrition-focused health talks affect adoption and diffusion of biofortified crops, but with varying degrees of importance. Among control factors, ability to conserve the planting material over dry period and household assets-endowments are important in both adoption and diffusion of biofortified crops. The paper discusses the implications of these findings. Acknowledgement : This research was undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB). Funding for this work provided by the SUSTAIN project under DFID.
Studies into the Effect of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Herbimycin A on NF-κB Activation in T Lymphocytes EVIDENCE FOR COVALENT MODIFICATION OF THE p50 SUBUNIT (*)

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A was found to block NF-κB stimulation in response to interleukin-1 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in EL4.NOB-1 thymoma cells and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in Jurkat T lymphoma cells. The effect appeared not to involve inhibition of tyrosine kinase activation as neither interleukin-1 nor phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced major changes in tyrosine phosphorylation in EL4.NOB-1 or Jurkat cells, respectively. Herbimycin A did not interfere with IκB-α degradation, and in unstimulated cells, it modified NF-κB prior to chemical dissociation with sodium deoxycholate. Because herbimycin A is thiol-reactive, we suspected that the target was the p50 subunit of NF-κB, which has a key thiol at cysteine 62. Herbimycin A inhibited DNA binding when added to nuclear extracts prepared from stimulated cells, which were shown to contain high levels of p50. Incubation of herbimycin A with 2-mercaptoethanol attenuated the effect. Herbimycin A was also shown to react directly with p50, blocking its ability to bind to the NF-κB consensus sequence. However, a mutant form of p50 in which cysteine 62 was mutated to serine was insensitive to herbimycin A. Finally, we demonstrated that the compound inhibited the expression of interleukin-2 (an NF-κB-regulated gene) in EL4.NOB-1 cells. These data therefore suggest that herbimycin A inhibits NF-κB by modifying the p50 subunit on cysteine 62 in the NF-κB complex, which blocks DNA binding and NF-κB-driven gene expression. The results urge caution in the use of herbimycin A as a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor and suggest that the development of agents that selectively modify p50 may have potential as a means of inhibiting NF-κB-dependent gene transcription.
PATIENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS HEALTH EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN SAUDI ARABIA

Objectives: To assess health educational activities in primary health care centers in Riyadh City. Methods: The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire directed at adult patients who attended primary health care centers from February – April 2006, in Riyadh City. Out of the 750 patients who were selected randomly, 569 (75.9%) successfully completed the questionnaire. The data collected were on a set of variables including socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables, source of health knowledge and patients’ attitudes towards a number of health-related aspects. Data were presented and analyzed in a descriptive fashion. Results: Only 20% of PHC patients had received health education in the past twelve months. The majority of respondents identified TV and friends/relatives as the main sources of their health education. A considerable percentage of the patients with chronic conditions lacked knowledge about their illnesses. The results indicate that the deficiency in knowledge was the result of some of the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to review and evaluate health education programs conducted in PHC centers. Special emphasis should be placed on health education activities for those living with chronic health conditions.
Runx1 Is a Co-activator with FOXO3 to Mediate Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ)-induced Bim Transcription in Hepatic Cells*

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) regulates essential cellular functions such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apo pto sis. The Bcl-2 family of proteins has been implicated as mediators of TGFβ-induced apo pto sis. We demonstrated previously that TGFβ induces the expression of Bim (Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death), a member of the BH3-only family of pro-apo pto tic Bcl-2 proteins, to induce cell death in B-lymphocytes. Here, we investigated the mechanism of TGFβ-mediated Bim expression in two hepatocyte cell lines that undergo apo pto sis with TGFβ, AML-12 and Hep3B. We show that TGFβ induces Bim protein and mRNA levels, and its expression is sufficient to induce cell death. Gene array results revealed that Runx1, a member of the Runx family of transcription factors, was induced by TGFβ, and this induction was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, TGFβ specifically induced the expression of Runx1 protein from an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent, cap-independent, mRNA transcript, and its overexpression was sufficient to induce hepatocyte apo pto sis. Deletion and mutation analyses of the murine Bim promoter identified a putative forkhead binding element, at position −174 to −168 from the transcription start site, as the mediator of Runx1 induction. Co-immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Runx1 does not bind directly to the identified forkhead binding element but rather binds the transcriptional regulator FOXO3, which occupies this site. Finally, small interfering RNA knockdown of Runx1 or FOXO3 decreased TGFβ-induced Bim expression. Our results support a mechanism in which TGFβ stimulates Bim transcription by up-regulating Runx1 expression, which binds FOXO3, and the two cooperate in the transcriptional induction of Bim.
Contribution of multiple sensory information to place field stability in hippocampal place cells

Hippocampal place cells in rats display spatially selective firing in relation to both external and internal cues. In the present study, we assessed the effects of removing visual and/or olfactory cues on place field stability. Place cell activity was recorded as rats searched for randomly scattered food in a cylinder. During an initial recording session, the lights were on and the only available cue was a single white cue card. Following this session, three sessions were run in a row with the cue card removed. In addition, the lights were either turned off or left on and the floor was either cleaned or left unchanged, thus creating four conditions: dark/cleaning, dark/no cleaning, light/cleaning, and light/no cleaning. A fifth session was run with the cue card back on the cylinder wall and the lights turned on. The rat remained in the cylinder during all sessions without being removed at any time. In the dark/cleaning and light/cleaning conditions, most place fields were not stable (i.e., abruptly shifted position). In addition, half of the cells stopped firing in the dark/cleaning condition. In contrast, in the dark/no cleaning and light/no cleaning conditions, most place fields remained stable across sessions. These results suggest that 1) rats are not able to rely on only movement‐related information to maintain a stable place representation, 2) visual input is necessary for the firing of a large number of cells, and 3) olfactory information can be used to compensate for the lack of visuospatial information. Hippocampus 2000;10:64–76. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental Mutagens Induced Transversions but not Transitions in Regulatory Region of Mitochondrial DNA

One of the long-term objectives of the research in our laboratory was to determine whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations were generated in cell lines exposed to a variety of known mutagens. Many of these mutagens are known to increase oxidative stress in the cell, and one potential outcome of this would be an increased incidence of point mutations in mtDNA. Recently, there has been some controversy regarding the validity of point mutations in the regulatory region of mtDNA as a predictive or causative marker for carcinogenesis. Studies were undertaken to assess whether nuclear mutagens such as arsenic (As), asbestos, and ultraviolet (UV) and γ-radiation, induced both heteroplasmic and homoplasmic point mutations in mtDNA. A direct sequencing approach was used to reduce the occurrence of experimental errors and cross-checked all base changes with databases of known polymorphisms. Our results showed that, while base changes did occur, there was no marked difference between the number of changes in treated and untreated cells. Furthermore, in human lymphocyte samples from subjects exposed to As, most of these base changes were previously reported. Interestingly, there was an increase in the number of transversions (purine ( pyrimidine) in smokers from a human population study, but as with the findings in cell culture samples, there was no difference in the total number of base changes. Data suggest that only a change in the number of rare transversions would be indicative of an increase in point mutations in mtDNA after exposure to mutagens.