Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Tomato Lycopene and Zingiber officinale Extracts on Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Adult Albino Rats (Comparative study)

Background: Gentamicin (GEN) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is widely used in clinical practice in treatment of severe gram negative bacterial infections. Tomato lycopene (LYC) and Zingiber officinaleethyl acetate extract (ZOEAE) are powerful antioxidants against free radicals and oxidative attacks. Aim of the work: the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of tomato LYC and ZOEAE against GEN induced oxidative stress and apoptosis on kidney of adult albino rats. Material and methods: the study was conducted for 10 days on 72 adult albino rats of both sexes, divided into six main groups; one control (subdivided into 4 subgroups) and five treated groups (8 rats in each subgroup & group). Apart from Group І(control groups) the treated groups are treated as follow: Group ІI (LYC) treated orally with LYC (200 mg /kg/day). Group ІII (ZOEAE) treated orally with ZOEAE (200 mg /kg/day). Group IV (GEN) treated with IP injection of GEN (67.4 mg/kg/day). Group V (GEN + LYC) treated with GEN (67.4 mg/kg/day) along with LYC (200mg/kg/day). Group VI (GEN + ZOEAE) treated with GEN (67.4 mg /kg/day) along with LYC (200 mg/kg/day). All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose, their blood and kidney tissues were subjected to biochemical analysis, while the remaining kidney tissues were stained for histopathological study. Results: GEN administration for 10 days significantly increased serum urea and creatinine concomitant with marked renal histopathological changes, suggesting nephtotoxicity. Also, it significantly increased renal malondialdehyde and decreased renal reduced glutathione and catalase activity, suggesting free radical formation. GEN also caused DNA fragmentation, suggesting apoptosis. Co-administration with either tomato LYC or ZOEAE produced approximate comprehensive improvements of all studied parameters with the superiority of ZOEAE as regard histopathology. Recommendations: Supplementation with antioxidants e.g. LYC and ZOEAE in GEN treated patients had beneficial impacts through alleviating the oxidative stress and improving renal functions DNA fragmentation assay – DNA laddering
Human Capital Development and Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach

Abstract While developed and most developing nations have seen the need and continue to invest heavily in the development and training of her manpower as shown by huge budgetary allocations to education and health, Nigeria continues to play politics with her human capital development policy which has been poor and only been effective on paper despite the huge outlay of human capital available at our disposal. This study therefore examined the impact of human capital development on the macroeconomic performance of Nigeria. Using autoregressive distributed lagged model, the study proxied human capital development using government expenditure on education, government expenditure on health, secondary school enrolment rate, and school enrolment rate at tertiary level, while per capita GDP was used as proxy variable for measuring macroeconomic performance. The results of the estimated short and long run ARDL models indicated, an insignificant and negative relationship between human capital development and gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) in the short run. Another result of this study is that, only tertiary enrolment rate (TER) has a significant and positive impact on gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC). This finding was an indication of relatively good but insufficient efforts by government to boost human capital. The study concluded that while human capital development is crucial for accelerated macroeconomic performance, government efforts aimed at boosting human capital has had a depressing effect on macroeconomic performance. On the strength of this, the study recommended that government and economic policy makers in Nigeria should place greater emphasis on human capital development.
Detection a New Antiseptic Resistant Variant of qac Gene in Some Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Sources

The increasing use of antiseptic compounds creates selective pressure cause emergence of antiseptic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus . Resistance mechanism of antiseptic is driven mainly by multi drug resistant (MDR) efflux protein.Sixty five isolates of S.aureuswere collected from different clinical sources and subjected to 11 antibiotics most of them are recognized by efflux systems as extruded substrates. Range of efflux activity was estimated using cartwheel method. Simultaneous discrimination of antiseptic coding genes (qacA/B, smr and norA)as well as nuc and mecA genes among multidrug resistantS.aureus(MRSA) isolates was preformed using multiplex PCR assay , 61 isolatesamong 65 were positive tonucand mecA genes, 58 of them were positive to norA, 14 of them were positive to qacA/B and only two were positive to smr. All isolates detected with qacA/B characterized by fluoroquinolones resistant and most of them show strong efflux activity at cartwheel assay, all of the 14 isolates positive qacA/B were sequenced to differentiate between variants depending on position 323 (aspartic in QacA, alanine in QacB), 3 of them harbored asparagines amino acid at position 323 and considered to be a new variants that reported for the first time.
Chitosan surface modified PLGA nanoparticles loaded with brigatinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract In the current study, surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) of brigatinib (BRB) were prepared by studying the variables PLGA (polymer), PVA (stabilizer) and chitosan (coater) against experimentally obtained responses. The optimized NPs (F2) were evaluated in vitro for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and drug entrapment (EE), in vitro release, hematocompatibility and in vitro anticancer studies. The optimized NPs’ (F2) composition, PLGA (75 mg), PVA (0.55% w/v), chitosan (0.75% w/v) and 30 mg of BRB was found to be optimum with particle size (406.3 ± 5.1 nm), PDI (0.277), ζ potential (30.4 ± 3.3 mV) and %EE (82.32%). The in vitro release profile showed a sustained release pattern of the F2 nanoparticles of BRB. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed a significant anticancer activity for F2 NPs against A549 cell lines in comparison to free BRB. The result obtained in this work indicated the immense potential of nanoparticles to effectively deliver the BRB to the cancer site for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
CMAR_A_218676 8209..8218

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Despite numerous discoveries regarding the molecular genesis and progression of primary cancers, the biology of metastasis remains poorly understood. Compared to very large numbers of circulating tumor cells that are now known to accompany nearly all cancers, a relatively limited number of lesions actually develop in most patients with metastases. We hypothesized that phenotypic changes driven by differential gene expression in a finite subpopulation of tumor cells render those cells capable of metastasis and sought to identify key pathways through analysis of gene expression in primary and metastatic lesions from the same patients. Methods: We compared whole-genome expression in 4 matched samples of primary and metastatic sarcoma, then evaluated candidate genes with differential expression via quantitative PCR in 30 additional matched sets, tumor tissue immunostaining, siRNA loss-of-function in a sarcoma cell migration assay, and clinical correlation with overall and disease-free survival after metastasectomy. Results: Comparison of microarray signals identified differential expression of cell adhesion genes, including upregulation of KRT7 and MUC1 in metastases; KRT7 and MUC1 upregulation was confirmed in 22 (73%) and 20 (67%) matched sets of metastatic/primary tumors, respectively. Silencing of KRT7 and MUC1 via targeted siRNAs suppressed sarcoma cell migration in vitro, and a significant correlation (two-sided) was observed between both KRT7 and MUC1 expression in metastases and overall patient survival. Conclusion: KRT7 and MUC1 may play a significant role in enabling sarcoma metastasis, and they may therefore be important prognostic biomarkers as well as potential targets for therapeutic prevention of metastasis.
A STUDIES ON MONOSODIUM L- GLUTAMATE TOXICITY IN ANIMAL MODELS- A REVIEW

This review assesses many of the health implications and toxicity associated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) in animal models. MSG is the sodium salt of the amino acid responsible for their savoury taste of the food. The prevalence of this salt as a food additive in Asian, American and European cuisine and other diets. Debate over the healthiness of MSG and its effects on human obesity and other health problems has led to a negative public opinion. This literature review assesses that the consumption of MSG brings to pertain weight gain, obesity, locomotor and learning deficit, behavior and memory changes in rats. Increased obesity and body mass in rats is also associated with diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorder and fatty liver. The studies further suggest that MSG is neurotoxic in rats when injected neonatally. This review asserts the neonatal consumption of MSG leads to scarring of the neurons in the hippocampus and inhibited glutamate synthesis, resulting in impaired spatial memory and learning. Most of the studies provide evidence that ingestion of MSG is associated with neuro-endocrine disorders, metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress and learning and memory deficit based on the clinical studies.
Seropositivity for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Pregnancy in Tertiary Care Hospital in South-West India

Objective: To compile the prevalence of seropositivity for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in antenatal clinic and to study some of the epidemiological factors. Setting: Tertiary care hospital Study design: Screening for HIV positivity of women attending antenatal clinic and those getting admitted directly in labour was carried out and positive screening tests were confirmed using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Rapid HIV [Tridot HIV and Immunocomb] tests. Information regarding epidemiological factors and obstetric performance was compiled. Results: From June 1997 through November 2001, there were 14,382 pregnancies screened and 122 of them were seropositive [0.8 percent]. More than half of the cases were housewives [66 percent],and were primigravidas [57 percent]. Majority [85 percent] was aged between 20 and 30 years, and 70 percent were in third trimester when detected. Antiretroviral prophylaxis was opted by 44 percent patients. Incidence of Caesarean delivery was higher [37percent] and in half such cases [26 of 45] it was adopted for HIV status. Most of the seropositive women [84 percent] had male partners working away from their native villages. Detection of seropositive cases when compiled year wise, showed rising trend [0.2 percent in 1997 to 1.4 percent in 2001] Conclusion: Detection of HIV seropositive cases in antenatal clinics shows rising trend. Migration for employment of male partner seems to be the defining factor.
Objects365: A Large-Scale, High-Quality Dataset for Object Detection

In this paper, we introduce a new large-scale object detection dataset, Objects365, which has 365 object categories over 600K training images. More than 10 million, high-quality bounding boxes are manually labeled through a three-step, carefully designed annotation pipeline. It is the largest object detection dataset (with full annotation) so far and establishes a more challenging benchmark for the community. Objects365 can serve as a better feature learning dataset for localization-sensitive tasks like object detection and semantic segmentation. The Objects365 pre-trained models significantly outperform ImageNet pre-trained models with 5.6 points gain (42 vs 36.4) based on the standard setting of 90K iterations on COCO benchmark. Even compared with much long training time like 540K iterations, our Objects365 pretrained model with 90K iterations still have 2.7 points gain (42 vs 39.3). Meanwhile, the finetuning time can be greatly reduced (up to 10 times) when reaching the same accuracy. Better generalization ability of Object365 has also been verified on CityPersons, VOC segmentation, and ADE tasks. The dataset as well as the pretrained-models have been released at www.objects365. org.
Effects of Lycium barbarum on bacterial translocation in thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats

Background and study aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Lycium barbarum (LB) on bacterial translocation (BT) frequency in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in rats. Materials and methods: Group 1 was the control. In group 2 (TAA), rats received TAA daily for 3 days. In group 3 (TAA+LB), Lycium barbarum was administered orally 25 mg/kg for 21 days prior to the first TAA injection. In group 4 (LB), rats received only Lycium barbarum. Results: In our study, Lycium barbarum treatment did not attenuate liver damage. Lycium barbarum treatment decreased ileal E. coli counts and intestinal damage but it did not alter BT frequency. Conclusions: In conclusion, the effects of Lycium barbarum on BT may be related to ongoing severe liver damage in this model.
Controls on tetrahedral Fe(III) abundance in 2:1 phyllosilicates

Abstract Fe(II) only occupies octahedral sites in phyllosilicates, whereas Fe(III) can occupy both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The controls on Fe(III) distribution between tetrahedral and octahedral sites have been a matter of great interest to understand the interplay between formation environment (Fe abundance, redox conditions) and crystal-chemical factors (stability of the crystal lattice) during crystallization of Fe-phyllosilicates. Here, for the first time, we present a model of Fe(III) distribution in 2:1 phyllosilicates. We investigated 21 samples of 2:1 phyllosilicates of submarine hydrothermal origin using XRD, chemical analysis, and Mössbauer spectroscopy (and other supporting techniques not presented here). An additional data set of 49 analyses of 2:1 phyllosilicates from the literature was also used. Overall, the data cover a wide range of dioctahedral and trioctahedral phyllosilicates, including end-member minerals and interstratified phases. Dioctahedral phyllosilicates have a steric control whereby tetrahedral Fe(III) is only allowed if at least five out of six octahedral atoms are larger than Al (typically Fe[III], Fe[II], Mg) that produces an expanded structure where tetrahedral sites can accommodate Fe(III). After this threshold, further Fe(III) atoms occupy tetrahedral sites preferentially (~73% of further Fe[III] atoms) over octahedral sites. In trioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates there is no steric hindrance to tetrahedral Fe(III) because the crystal dimensions are such that tetrahedral sites can accommodate Fe(III). On average, Fe(III) enters tetrahedral and octahedral sites in similar proportion, and the only apparent control on tetrahedral Fe(III) abundance is Fe(III) availability during crystallization. This model allows to predict Fe(III) distribution between structural sites, provides an avenue for further exploration of the thermodynamic stability of phyllosilicates using cationic size, and provides a tool to better describe stability/reactivity of Fe-rich phyllosilicates, the most reactive of phyllosilicates and very relevant in geochemical and biological processes.
Alone, Together: Product Discovery through Consumer Ratings

Consumer ratings have become a prevalent driver of choice. I develop a model of social learning in which ratings can inform consumers about both product quality and their idiosyncratic taste for them. Depending on consumers’ prior knowledge, I show that ratings relatively advantage lower quality and more polarizing products. The reason lies in the stronger positive consumer self-selection these products generate: to buy them despite their deficiencies, their buyers must have a strong taste for them. Relatedly, consumer ratings should not be used to infer which products are polarizing: what is polarizing ex-ante needs not be so among its buyers. I test these predictions using Goodreads book ratings data, and find strong evidence for them. Goodreads appears to serve mostly a matching purpose: tracking the behavior of its users over time reveals an increasing degree of specialization as they gather experience on the platform: they rate books with a lower average and number of ratings, while focusing on fewer genres. Thus, they become less similar to their average peer. Taken together, the findings suggest that consumer ratings contribute to both the long tail and, relatedly, consumption segregation. For managers, this illustrates, counterintuitively, the reputational benefits of polarizing products, particularly early in a firm’s lifecycle, but only when paired with the ability to match with the right consumers.
Mineralogical and physico–chemical properties of bentonites from the Jastrabá Formation (Kremnické vrchy Mts., Western Carpathians)

Abstract In the past years an increasing demand for bentonites resulted in the opening of new bentonite deposits in the Jastrabá Formation. The shortage of information, in particular analytical data, on the bentonites from the newly opened Jastrabá Fm. deposits was the motivation for the current study. Smectite is the predominant mineral in all bulk bentonites from the new deposits. Its amount varied between 43 and 90 wt. %. The bulk bentonites also contain variable amounts (10–57 wt. %) of mineral admixtures such as feldspars, mica, opal-CT, kaolinite, quartz and sometimes goethite. The smectite mineral comprising the studied bentonites was montmorillonite. The octahedral Al in the structure of montmorillonite was partially substituted by Mg, and to a lesser extent by Fe. The interlayer space of montmorillonite is occupied predominantly by divalent exchangeable cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+). The dehydroxylation temperature of smectites (>600 °C) determined on the DTG curves indicates the presence of the cis-vacant variety of montmorillonites. The mean crystallite thicknesses of smectites (TMEAN) calculated by BWA analyses ranges from 7.2 to 11.5 nm. The shape of the crystallite thickness distributions (CTDs) for smectites is lognormal in all cases. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and total specific surface area (TSSA) increases with increasing amount of smectite. The CEC of 101 meq/100g and TSSA of 616 m2/g correspond to bulk bentonite from the Stará Kremnička III deposit containing 89 wt. % of smectite.
Direct Certification in the National School Lunch Program Expands Access for Children

Under the policy of direct certification for free school meals, school districts certify for free meals those enrolled students who are in households getting food stamps or welfare, based on information shared by state food stamp and welfare agencies. Students in these eligible households are automatically approved for free meals without having to complete the application process. This paper examines the impacts of direct certification on students' likelihood of becoming certified for free meals, using data from a national survey of school food service directors as well as state-level administrative data on program participation. The key finding is that direct certification leads to a statistically significant increase in the number of children getting free school meals. More generally, this finding highlights a promising approach for improving access to means-tested programs without compromising program integrity.
SPECIES, HOST RANGE, AND IDENTIFICATION KEY OF WHITEFLIES OF BOGOR AND SURROUNDING AREA

Species identification, host range, and identification key of whiteflies of Bogor and surrounding area. Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a group of insects that are small, white, soft-bodied, and easily found on various agricultural crops. Whitefly is a phytophagous insect; some species are important pests in agricultural crops that can cause direct damage and can become vectors of viral diseases. The last few years the damage caused by whitefly in Indonesia has increased. Unfortunately, information about their species and host plants in Indonesia, including in Bogor, is still limited. Kalshoven, in his book entitled Pest of Crops in Indonesia, published in the 1980s reported that there were 9 species of whitefly in Indonesia. The information on the book should be reconfirmed. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whitefly species and its host plants in Bogor and its surroundings. Whiteflies is identified based on the ‘puparia’ (the last instar of the nymph) collected from various agricultural plants, ornamental plants, weeds, and forest plants. A total of 35 species of whiteflies were collected from 74 species and 29 families of plants. The collwcted whiteflies consist of four species belong to Subfamily Aleurodicinae and 31 species of Subfamily Aleyrodinae. The most often found whitefly species were Aleurodicus dispersus, A. dugesii, and Bemisia tabaci. A dichotomous identification key of whiteflies was completed based on morphological character of 35 collected species. The number of whitefly species in Bogor and surrounding areas were far exceeded the number of species reported previously by Kalshoven from all regions in Indonesia.
The Effect of Unemployment Insurance on Geographical Mobility

This paper investigates the effects of unemployment insurance generosity on workers’ geographical mobility decisions. Identification is based on an unanticipated reform that reduced the unemployment insurance (UI) replacement rate (RR) in Spain for workers who were laid-off after July 14, 2012. Using administrative data from social security records and a regression discontinuity design, I find that the UI cut increased the probability to migrate to a different province by 4 percentage points, which represents a 25 percent increase with respect to the pre-reform mean. This result is driven by young educated men with no family responsibilities, and at the top 25 percent of the sample income distribution. The findings also suggest that the increase in mobility is due to actual changes in the province of residence, rather than to an increase in commuting distances.
Political equality and quality of government

This paper examines the relationship between political equality and quality of government. Our hypothesis is that political equality fosters access to inclusive education and ultimately promotes good governance. We empirically test this hypothesis using data for 145 countries with diﬀerent levels of economic development. In order to overcome potential endogeneity problems, our identiﬁcation strategy exploits the variation in political equality in geographically neighbouring countries by means of spatial econometric techniques. The results reveal a positive and statistically signiﬁcant eﬀect of political equality on the quality of government. This implies that countries where the political power is more evenly distributed tend on average to have higher levels of institutional quality. In fact, this result is not aﬀected by the inclusion in the analysis of a substantial number of controls that may be correlated with both political equality and quality of government, including the level of democracy and the degree of economic inequality. In fact, the observed link between political equality and governance remains robust to alternative measures of quality of government, estimation techniques, and other sensitivity checks. Our estimates also show that education acts as a transmission channel linking political equality and quality of government.