Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Evaluation of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Services For Children at A University Hospital: Lessons Learned to Enhance Efficacy

Objective: Consultation-liaison services provided by the child psychiatry department of a university hospital over a twelve-month period were evaluated to understand the issues which required short term improvement. Method: All consecutive referrals over a twelve-month period were recorded on a structured assessment form designed for clinical purposes. Findings: Of the 221 children who were referred, 59.3% (n=131) were from outpatient services and 40.7% (n=90) were from inpatient services. The age range of children was from 3 months to 18 years. Most of the consultation requests came from the Department of Pediatrics (76%). Brain pathologies were the most common medical illnesses (19.9%). Psychiatric diagnostic evaluation and intelligence assessment took precedence among reasons for referral. Major Depression was the most common diagnosis (12.8%) in children and older children were more depressed (p<0.0001). Major depression was found in 29.5% of mothers. There were no accompanying medical staff in 64.4% of the referrals and 30.8% of mothers were uninformed of the reasons for referral. Preparation for referral was associated with mothers’ positive responses (p<0.0001). Discussion: The rapid increase in psychiatric consultation requests for sick children of all ages including infants and toddlers necessitates reorganization in psychiatric consultation-liaison services. Special attention should be paid to detect major depression which was the most frequent diagnosis for both children and their mothers. It is important that the referring and consultant physicians should communicate and collaborate and that parental participation in the assessment and treatment processes is ensured. Conclusion: The institution of more comprehensive consultation-liaison services provided by a te
Anthocyanins/anthocyanidins and colorectal cancer: What is behind the scenes?

ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cause of cancer death. Phytochemicals, especially anthocyanins/anthocyanidins (A/A), have gathered attention of the scientific community owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cancer-inhibitory properties. In this review, we discussed the possible mechanisms whereby A/A exhibit intestinal anticarcinogenic characteristics. Anthocyanins/anthocyanidins inhibit the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway, attenuate Wnt signaling and suppress abnormal epithelial cell proliferation. In addition, A/A induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and downregulate Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. Furthermore, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) also contributes to the anti-carcinogenic effects of A/A. Finally, downregulation of metalloproteinases (MMPs) by A/A inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis. In conclusion, A/A exert their anti-tumor effects against colorectal carcinogenesis via multiple mechanisms, providing insights into the use of A/A as a natural chemopreventive intervention on major colorectal carcinogenesis.
Fatal familial insomnia with a mutation at codon 178 of the prion protein gene

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI), or familial selective thalamic degeneration with a mutation at codon 178 of the prion protein (PrP) gene, is a rapidly progressive autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive insomnia, dysautonomia, and myoclonus.We report here the clinical and postmortem findings as well as genomic analysis in a first non-Western case with FFI. This patient also clinically had cognitive impairments such as memory disturbance, delirium, and hallucinations, along with insomnia, dysautonomia, and myoclonus. This case implies a worldwide distribution of FFI and also highlights the need for more aggressive clinical application of genomic analysis of the PrP gene and polysomnographic study in patients with insomnia and cognitive impairments. NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 1313-1316
Activity requires soluble amyloid precursor protein α to promote neurite outgrowth in neural stem cell‐derived neurons via activation of the MAPK pathway

It is known that activity modulates neuronal differentiation in the adult brain but the signalling mechanisms underlying this process remain to be identified. We show here that activity requires soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) to enhance neurite outgrowth of young neurons differentiating from neural stem cells. Inhibition of sAPP secretion and anti‐APP antibodies both abolished the effect of depolarization on neurite outgrowth, whereas exogenous sAPPα, similar to depolarization, induced neurite elongation. Depolarization and sAPPα both required active N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) recruitment to induce neurite outgrowth. However, depolarization and sAPPα played different roles in modulating this signalling cascade. Depolarization induced ERK phosphorylation with fast kinetics via activation of NMDAR. By contrast, acute application of sAPPα did not lead to ERK activation. However, continuous generation of sAPPα was necessary for depolarization‐induced ERK phosphorylation, indicating that sAPPα promotes MAPK/ERK recruitment by an indirect mechanism. In addition, we found that blockade of NMDAR down‐regulated APP expression, whereas depolarization increased sAPPα, suggesting that activity may also act upstream of sAPP signalling by regulating the amount of cellular APP and extracellular sAPPα. Finally, we show that soluble amyloid precursor‐like protein 2 (sAPLP2), but not sAPLP1, is functionally redundant to sAPP in promoting neurite outgrowth and that soluble members of the APP family require membrane‐bound APP to enhance neurite outgrowth. In summary, these experiments indicate a novel role of APP family members in activity‐dependent neuronal differentiation.
Cladogenesis and phylogeography of the lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii (Agamidae) on the Tibetan plateau

Phrynocephalus vlangalii is restricted to dry sand or Gobi desert highlands between major mountain ranges in the Qinghai (Tibetan) Plateau. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence (partial ND2, tRNATrp and partial tRNAAla) was obtained from 293 Phrynocephalus sampled from 34 sites across the plateau. Partitioned Bayesian and maximum parsimony phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. vlangalii and two other proposed species (P. erythrus and P. putjatia) together form a monophyletic mtDNA clade which, in contrast with previous studies, does not include P. theobaldi and P. zetangensis. The main P. vlangalli clade comprises seven well‐supported lineages that correspond to distinct geographical areas with little or no overlap, and share a most recent common ancestor at 5.06 ± 0.68 million years ago (mya). This is much older than intraspecific lineages in other Tibetan animal groups. Analyses of molecular variance indicated that most of the observed genetic variation occurred among populations/regions implying long‐term interruption of maternal gene flow. A combined approach based on tests of population expansion, estimation of node dates, and significance tests on clade areas indicated that phylogeographical structuring has been primarily shaped by three main periods of plateau uplift during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, specifically 3.4 mya, 2.5 mya and 1.7 mya. These periods corresponded to the appearance of several mountain ranges that formed physical barriers between lineages. Populations from the Qaidam Basin are shown to have undergone major demographic and range expansions in the early Pleistocene, consistent with colonization of areas previously covered by the huge Qaidam palaeolake, which desiccated at this time. The study represents one of the most detailed phylogeographical analyses of the Qinghai Plateau to date and shows how geological events have shaped current patterns of diversity.
Ocular surface disease in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Purpose To analyse clinical signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), based on severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods This cross-sectional study included participants who were carefully phenotyped by a multidisciplinary team and categorised into groups based on severity of DPN. All study participants underwent ophthalmic evaluation and completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25). Results The 34 study participants were healthy controls (n=9), patients with DM and mild or no DPN (n=16) and patients with DM and severe DPN (n=9). Tear osmolarity was increased, and corneal nerve fibre length was decreased, with increasing severity of DPN. In addition, patients with DM were found to have decreased Schirmer's test values when compared with healthy controls. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in OSDI, tear breakup time or corneal sensitivity. No statistically significant correlations were noted between the OSDI or VFQ-25 scores and clinical signs of dry eyes. Conclusion This study demonstrates some increased clinical signs of ocular surface disease but not an increase in subjective symptoms of dry eyes, with increasing severity of DPN. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between OSDI scores and clinical signs of dry eye. A periodic evaluation of the ocular surface is important for patients with DM, in addition to retinopathy screening, as they may be asymptomatic but have severe dry eye disease, which can lead to further ocular surface complications such as corneal ulceration. Trial registration number NCT01695629.
Single dose Dexamethasone for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting – a Matched Case-Control Study of Postoperative Infection Risk

Dexamethasone is an effective prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting but is immunosuppressive and may predispose patients to an increased postoperative infection risk. This matched case-control study examined the association between the administration of a single intraoperative anti-emetic dose of dexamethasone (4 to 8 mg) and postoperative infection in patients undergoing non-emergency surgery in a university trauma centre. Cases were defined as patients who developed infection between one day and one month following an operative procedure under general anaesthesia. Controls who did not develop infection were matched for procedure, age and gender. Exclusion criteria included immunosuppressive medications, chronic glucocorticoid therapy, cardiac surgical and solid-organ transplantation procedures. Sixty-three cases and 172 controls were identified. Cases were more likely to have received dexamethasone intraoperatively (25.4 vs 11%, P=0.006), and less likely to have received perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (60.3 vs 84.3%, P=0.001). Stepwise, multivariate conditional logistic regression confirmed these associations, with adjusted odds ratios of 3.03 (1.06 to 19.3, P=0.035) and 0.12 (0.02 to 0.7, P=0.004) respectively for the associations between dexamethasone and perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, with postoperative infection. We conclude that intraoperative administration of dexamethasone for anti-emetic purposes may confer an increased risk of postoperative infection.
Relationship of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Load in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma in Patients Co-infected With Cryptococcal Meningitis

Abstract We measured human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples in a prospective study of 91 HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naive patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA was lower than in plasma (median 4.7 vs 5.2 log10 copies/mL, P < .0001) and positively correlated with plasma HIV RNA, peripheral CD4+ T-cell percentage, and CSF CXCL10. Plasma/CSF ratio of HIV RNA ranged widely from 0.2 to 265.5 with a median of 2.6. Cerebrospinal fluid quantitative cryptococcal culture positively correlated with CSF CCL2 and CCL3. CSF-plasma viral discordance was not associated with cryptococcal-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Screening for human papillomavirus infection in asymptomatic women in Hungary.

BACKGROUND A multicentre epidemiological survey was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, persistent cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women in Hungary. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 728 women were examined for the prevalence of HPV. The estimated overall rate of HPV infection was 17%. In univariate analysis the strongest predictors were young age (< or =24 years), unmarried family status, smoking, a pathological Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, having a condyloma and previous gynaecological cancer in the family (age and marital status being the most important predictors). In multiple regression analysis, young age (< or =24 years)(odds ratio = 1.86, 95% confidence interval = 1.19-2.90, P < 0.01), smoking (1.78, 1.17-2.71, P < 0.05), an abnormal Pap smear (6.92, 2.68-17.84, P < 0.001), having a condyloma (4.22, 1.42-12.58, P < 0.01) and living in a region where the unemployment rate is relatively high (1.56, 1.24-2.82, P < 0.01) were associated risk factors for HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HPV infection in young women in Hungary is high. Screening for HPV is suggested only in women with an unfavourable gynaecological history who are < or =24 years old.
Ability of Hamster Spermatozoa to Digest Their Own DNA1

Abstract Mammalian sperm chromatin is bound by protamines into highly condensed toroids with approximately 50 kilobases (kb) of DNA. It is also organized into loop domains of about the same size that are attached at their bases to the proteinaceous nuclear matrix. In this work, we test our model that each sperm DNA-loop domain is condensed into a single protamine toroid. Our model predicts that the protamine toroids are linked by chromatin that is more sensitive to nucleases than the DNA within the toroids. To test this model, we treated hamster sperm nuclei with DNase I and found that the sperm chromatin was digested into fragments with an average size of about 50 kb, by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Surprisingly, we also found that spermatozoa treated with 0.25% Triton X-100 (TX) and 20 mM MgCl2 overnight resulted in the same type of degradation, suggesting that sperm nuclei have a mechanism for digesting their own DNA at the bases of the loop domains. We extracted the nuclei with 2 M NaCl and 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) to make nuclear halos. Nuclear matrices prepared from DNase I-treated spermatozoa had no DNA attached, suggesting that DNase I digested the DNA at the bases of the loop domains. TX-treated spermatozoa still had their entire DNA associated with the nuclear matrix, even though the DNA was digested into 50-kb fragments as revealed by PFGE. The data support our donut-loop model for sperm chromatin structure and suggest a functional role for this type of organization in that sperm can digest its own DNA at the sites of attachment to the nuclear matrix.
Waveform Design for 5G Networks: Analysis and Comparison

The next-generation cellular network is to provide a large variety of services for different kinds of terminals, from traditional voice and data services over mobile phones to small packet transmission over massive machine-type terminals. Although orthogonal-subcarrier-based waveforms are widely used nowadays in many practical systems, they can hardly meet the requirements in the coming 5G networks. Therefore, more flexible waveforms have been proposed to address the unprecedented challenges. In this paper, we will provide comprehensive analysis and comparison for typical waveforms. To offer an insightful analysis, we will not only introduce the basic principles of the waveforms, but also reveal the underlying characteristics. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison in terms of different performance metrics will also be presented in thispaper, which provides an overall understanding of the new waveforms.
Ostrich (Struthio camelus) embryonic development from 7 to 42 days of incubation

ABSTRACT 1. Hatching success of ostrich eggs is poor (50–60% of fertile eggs). The current study was designed to identify the timing of key stages in the development of the ostrich embryo. 2. Growth of both embryo and wing length during 42 d of incubation was comparable and approximately linear, with a more or less weekly doubling in size up to 35 d of incubation. 3. The embryo eye size increased more rapidly than beak length and reached a maximum of ~16.2 mm by 28 d of incubation, whereas beak length increased continuously until hatching at 42 d. 4. Linear regression equations were derived from morphometric measurements of embryos between 7 and 42 d. 5. Information stemming from these results can be used to estimate the age of dead-in-shell embryos in an attempt to identify timing of incubation problems that potentially result in low hatchability of fertile eggs.
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) sperm competition in vitro — two are no less viable than one

Sperm competition is the competition between sperm of different males for the fertilization of an ovum. Queen honey bees mate with many males over a short period, establishing ideal conditions in which sperm competition might occur. One hypothesized mechanism by which sperm competition may occur is via sperm incapacitation (SI), which involves the killing and/or inhibition of function of sperm from one male by sperm (or seminal fluid) of another male. However, there is very little empirical support for SI in any animal. We tested whether reported increases in mortality of honey bee spermatozoa when semen from several drones is mixed can be attributed to SI. We found that when the collection method involves minimal manipulation, sperm viability is not reduced in samples of mixed semen from two drones relative to those of a single drone. Our results do not support the existence of SI by killing of sperm (during early encounter in vitro) between semen from unrelated drones, and suggest that reported reductions in sperm viability in mixed samples arise from mechanical damage during semen collection.ZusammenfassungEine Bienenkönigin (Apis mellifera) paart sich mit mehr als zehn Drohnen. Von diesem Spermagemisch gelangen allerdings nur 10 % in die Spermatheka, während der Rest wieder ausgeschieden wird. Ein solches Paarungssystem sollte die Evolution einer Spermakonkurrenz begünstigen, d.h. die Konkurrenz des Spermas verschiedener Männchen um die Besamung eines Eies. Eine der hypothetischen Möglichkeiten der Spermakonkurrenz ist die Spermaqualitätsminderung [sperm incapacitation (SI)], bei der die Samenflüssigkeit eines Männchens die Lebenfähigkeit oder die Funktion des Spermas eines anderen negativ beeinflussen kann. Für die SI-Hypothese gibt es für Tiere allgemein allerdings nur wenig empirische Daten. Wir testeten, ob es zu einer Zunahme der Spermienmortalität kommen könnte, wenn das Sperma mehrere Drohnen gemischt wird. Hierzu benutzten wir eine Mackensen’sche Spritze, um Sperma von Drohnen in Glasskapillaren aufzusaugen. Die Hälfte der Proben enthielt Sperma von Einzeldrohnen, während die andere Hälfte eine Mischung des Spermas zweier Drohnen darstellte. Nach vier Tagen untersuchten wir die Lebensfähigkeit der Spermien mittels eines lebend/tot Spermaviabilitätstestverfahrens, bei dem lebende Zellen grün und tote Zellen rot gefärbt erscheinen. Wir fanden, dass bei einer Sammelmethode, die die Spermamanipulation möglichst gering hält, die Lebensfähigkeit in Mischproben des Spermas von zwei Drohnen nicht geringer ist als in Einzelspermaproben. Unsere Ergebnisse geben also keinen Hinweis auf die Existenz einer SI-bedingten Spermaqualitätsminderung (zumindest nicht unter kurzzeitigen in vitro Testbedingungen) für Sperma nichtverwandter Drohnen.
Remote sensing of mineral dust aerosol using AERI during the UAE 2 : A modeling and sensiti

This invention concerns a tube filling apparatus (10). The apparatus includes a base (40) and a filling assembly (20) mountable on the base (40). The filling assembly (20) has a number of tube receiving recesses wherein tubes may, in use, be received. The apparatus (10) further includes a vibration plate (32) which is locatable between the base (40) and the filling assembly (20). In use, the tubes rest on the vibration plate (32) when they are located in the recesses. The apparatus (10) may also include transducer such as a speaker which is connected to the vibration plate (32) for, in use, vibrating the vibration plate (32), which is capable of moving independently from the filling assembly (20). This invention also concerns a method of filling tubes.
Institutional outbreak of rubella in a healthcare center in Chandigarh, North India

Rubella is traditionally considered a childhood disease but it has the potential to cause outbreaks in closed communities when a susceptible population accumulates. The present study reports an outbreak of rubella among healthcare workers in the pediatric center of a tertiary care North Indian hospital. The cases of rubella were identified by clinical features and confirmed by the detection of anti‐rubella IgM antibodies in blood by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 23 cases of rubella occurred over a period of one and a half month, out of which 9 (39%) were males. All the patients were in the age group of 21–35 years. None of the patients gave a history of rubella vaccination. This outbreak of rubella occurred due to the accumulation of a susceptible population in a closed hospital environment. There is need for the introduction of rubella vaccination in healthcare workers to prevent outbreaks at work place. J. Med. Virol. 82:341–344, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assay of crystal violet binding for rapid identification of virulent plasmid-bearing clones of Yersinia enterocolitica

A rapid, reliable, and simple method based on the binding of crystal violet (CV) is described for differentiating virulence-plasmid-bearing strains of Yersinia enterocolitica from their plasmidless derivatives. As with other plasmid-mediated properties of this organism, the binding of CV occurs at 37 degrees C but not at 25 degrees C. The CV-binding technique provides a simple and efficient means of screening Y. enterocolitica for virulence and for identifying individual plasmid-bearing colonies.