Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of the Development of Scour and Backfilling

This paper deals with the development of scour holes in time and space around individual offshore monopiles. It is based on physical flume tests of a model-scale pile subjected to current and/or irregular water waves. The main focus is on backfilling, i.e. the wave-induced or current-wave-induced deposition of sediment into holes that have been previously scoured. The development of the scour depth, scour volume and a so-called scour shape factor is quantified which may be useful to understand and benchmark the development of scour holes.
THE IMPACT OF COMPETENCY CERTIFICATION AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

The study is designed to determine and analyze the impact of the relationship between competence and leadership style with the performance of employees in the operation department of Mining Company in the east of Indonesia. This research was conducted at PT Vale Indonesia Tbk, PT Freeport Indonesia and PT Newmont Indonesia as representative of mining companies which apply competency certification in the east of Indonesia. The population in this study is 105 workers. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling. These results indicate that the recognition does not affect the relationship between competence and transformational leadership style on employee’s performance. Employees are more motivated to work optimally to achieve good performance which is supported by superiors that act as a motivator for performance improvements. Therefore it is suggested that the superior always gives recognition in the form of praise or other simple expressions further to encourage his subordinates to work optimally. It is suggested that if the frequency of motivation practice increases there will be better superiors and subordinates relationship.
The North Atlantic Oscillation influence on Europe: climate impacts and associated physical mechanisms

A multivariable analysis of the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the climate of the North Atlantic and European sectors is presented using the 40 yr (1958-1997) consis- tent data set from NCEP. Using high and low NAO index composites, anomaly fields of climate vari- ables are then interpreted based on physical mechanisms associated with the anomalous mean flow (characterised by the surface wind field) and the anomalous eddy activity (characterised by the sur- face vorticity and the 500 hPa storm track fields). It is shown that NAO-related temperature patterns are mainly controlled by the advection of heat by the anomalous mean flow. However, large asym- metries between minimum and maximum temperatures, and more significantly, between positive and negative phases of NAO imply the importance of a different mechanism, namely, the modulation of short wave and long wave radiation by cloud cover variations associated with the NAO. Further- more, NAO influence on 2 different precipitation-related variables—precipitation rate and precip- itable water—displays different patterns. Precipitable water is shown to be strongly related to the corresponding anomaly fields of temperature while precipitation rate appears to be controlled by the surface vorticity field and associated strength of the tropospheric synoptic activity.
An Efficiency Analysis of Vicarious Liability Under the Law of Agency

Under the law of agency, business principals often are held liable for the torts of their agents. ' If the victim of an agent's2 tortious conduct can recover full compensation directly from the agent, however, the victim ordinarily has no reason to seek compensation from the agent's principal.3 The law of vicarious liability, therefore, exists primarily as a way to cope with the problem of judgment-proof agents.4 An important basis for the imposition of vicarious liability on a business principal is the existence of "control" or a right of "control" by the principal over the physical conduct of his agent. ' If a tort is committed within the scope of the agent's employment,6 the existence of control is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the imposition of vicarious liability.7 The principal also incurs vicarious liability if his agent, in the performance of his duties, commits a tort during the course of an "inherently dangerous activity. " '8 Although these liability rules are widely in force, the theories advanced to explain them are at best incomplete. ' As a step toward a rigorous theoretical basis for explanation and reform of the law, this Note develops a formal economic model of the principal-agent relationship to identify the circumstances under which vicarious liability is and is not an efficient liability rule. "°
Overview of two introduced spiders, Tegenaria agrestis Walckenaer and Tegenaria duellica Simon (Agelenidae), in Washington State: Life history development, interactions and medical importance

by Melissa M. Gaver-Wainwright Ph.D. Washington State University December 2009 Chair: Richard S. Zack The European spider Tegenaria agrestis was introduced into Washington State in the 1930s and is a concern today due to the suspicion that its bite causes necrotic lesions. The introduction of the closely related congener species, Tegenaria duellica, in the 1960s may influence populations of T. agrestis through ecological similarities and competitive interactions. I examined three aspects of the potential medical importance of T. agrestis. First, the bacterial diversity was surveyed to determine if the spider carries any pathogenic bacteria, second, the ability of the spiders to transfer methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and third, the hemolytic activity of the venom. We found ten genera of bacteria on the exterior surface of the spiders, and none of the spiders exposed to MRSA transferred this pathogen. The hobo spider venom was not deleterious to vertebrate red blood cells. Because the occurrence of intraguild predation between closely related spiders can effect population numbers, an investigations of the interactions between these species were conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Studies were, the time taken to utilize a congener web for prey capture; antagonistic interactions between adult female conspecifics and congeners; antagonistic interactions between similarly sized juvenile
Recria de bezerras com suplementação no outono e pastagem cultivada no inverno

This trial evaluated the effects of different levels of supplementation on the growth of weaned female beef calves grazing native pasture during the fall. Development of these same animals grazing pastures of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) during the winter were also investigated. One hundred-eighteen female calves averaging seven months of age from three distinct herds: H1 and H2 (Aberdeen Angus animals) and H3 (crossbred Aberdeen Angus animals) were used. Calves grazing the native pasture were supplemented with a commercial concentrate as follows: 0.7, 1.0 or 1.3% of body weight (BW). During the winter, animals were moved to pastures of black oat and annual ryegrass and were all maintained in the same group. The following measurements were taken: BW, body condition (BC), average daily gain (ADG), body condition gain (BCG), and relative growth (RG). No significant supplementation levels ´ herd interactions were detected. Animals grazing native pasture supplemented with 1.3% BW as concentrate had greater ADG (0.405 kg) than those supplemented with 0.7% BW (0.300 kg). The ADG of animals grazing black oat and annual ryegrass did not differ and averaged 0.820 kg. Within the three herds, animals from H3 had greater BW and BC than those from H1 and H2. Calves from H1 with lower initial BW and BC showed compensatory growth and had similar BW and BC compared to H2 calves at the end of the winter period. H1 calves had higher RG (77.1% of BW and 32.4% of BC) than H2 and H3 calves, which averaged 57.1% of BW and 14.7% of BC. Initial BW and BC were highly correlated (r=0.811) but both were not correlated with ADG during rearing. The final BW and BC were affected by initial BW and ADG during rearing. Calves with the greatest BW at weaning were not always the heaviest animals at one year of age.
How effective is river restoration in re-establishing groundwater–surface water interactions? – A case study

In this study, we investigated whether river restoration was successful in re-establishing groundwater–surface water interactions in a degraded urban stream. Restoration measures included morphological changes to the river bed, such as the installation of gravel islands and spur dykes, as well as the planting of site-specific riparian vegetation. Standard distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and novel active and passive DTS approaches were employed to study groundwater–surface water interactions in two reference streams and an experimental reach of an urban stream before and after its restoration. Radon-222 analyses were utilized to validate the losing stream conditions of the urban stream in the experimental reach. Our results indicated that river restoration at the study site was indeed successful in increasing groundwater–surface water interactions. Increased surface water downwelling occurred locally at the tip of a gravel island created during river restoration. Hence, the installation of in-stream structures increased the vertical connectivity and thus groundwater–surface water interactions. With the methods presented in this publication, it would be possible to routinely investigate the success of river restorations in re-establishing vertical connectivity, thereby gaining insight into the effectiveness of specific restoration measures. This, in turn, would enable the optimization of future river restoration projects, rendering them more cost-effective and successful.
Integrative fish stock assessment by frequentist methods: confidence distributions and likelihoods for bowhead whales

Frequentist concepts of confidence distribution, reduced likelihood and likelihood synthesis are presented as tools for integrative statistical analysis, leading to distributional inference. Bias correction, often achieved by simulations, is emphasised. The methods are illustrated on data concerning bowhead whales off Alaska, and they are briefly compared with Bayesian methods.
Implications of Multimodal Deep Learning for Textual and Visual Data

While deep learning has been successful in a wide range of tasks in different fields, most of the current neural network based systems are still learning in merely one source of knowledge such as text, image or wave. In this work, we propose a novel method that acquires knowledge from both textual and visual data. Our analyses also show that it was possible to learn a function that map an arbitrary image or sequence of words into vectors in a joint high dimensional semantic space. These vectors are then evaluated on two vision-cross-language tasks; image-caption relevance ranking and image retrieval from text query. Different from prior work in the same direction, we only have a decent model on the text data and a weak model on image data. Furthermore, both the quantity and quality of our training text corpus are far better than those of our image dataset. From the poor performance of our vision model, we achieve 15× improvement after incorporating the knowledge from
Influence of undersowing perennial forages in maize on grain, fodder yield and soil properties in the sub-humid region of western Ethiopia

In the densely populated mixed farming areas of western Ethiopia, the integration of forages with food crops may be crucial to the achievement of sustainable crop and livestock production. This study investigated the effects of pure grass (Chloris gayana), legumes (Stylosanthes hamata, Desmodium intortum and Macrotyloma axillare) and grass/legume mixtures of the same species undersown in maize, on maize grain yields, fodder yields and soil parameters. The forages were undersown six weeks after planting the maize. After harvesting the maize, pastures were maintained as fodder crops for the subsequent two seasons. Maize, grown with and without fertiliser, and native grass fallow were control treatments. In the year of establishment, the undersown forages increased (p < 0.001) total fodder production without depressing (p < 0.05) maize grain yield. During the following two improved fallow years, the cultivated forages produced much higher (p < 0.05) DM yields than the traditional fallow. Amongst the improved fallows, the average forage DM yield was highest on C. gayana and the grass legume mixtures than on the pure legume stands (p < 0.05). During year four only D. intortum and S. hamata treatments produced maize grain and residue yields comparable to moderately fertilised maize (p < 0.05). Maize grain and stover yields from the other fallows and unfertilised maize treatments were lower (p < 0.05) than that of fertilized maize. Integrating D. intortum and its grass legume mixture and S. hamata as improved fallow, maximised the overall nett return compared to pure maize with or without fertiliser and the traditional fallow.
Levels of Acid Sphingomyelinase (ASM) in Caenorhabditis elegans in Microgravity

Abstract Both Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients and astronauts in spaceflight suffer from muscle atrophy. Previous research suggests that the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, but it is not known if ASM influences muscle atrophy in microgravity. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were exposed to microgravity conditions on the International Space Station (ISS) within the confines of a Fluid Mixing Enclosure (FME). Return of the FME yielded 72,050 live nematodes, the first demonstration of C. elegans survival of space travel in an FME. After the nematodes returned to Earth, in much larger numbers than seen in previous FME experiments, the size and ASM expression levels in experimental worms were compared to control Earth-bound worms. C. elegans that returned from the ISS were larger in both length and cross-sectional area than the control worms, and they exhibited decreased expression of ASM-1 and ASM-2 proteins. Further research must be conducted to elucidate the role of ASM in muscle atrophy, as there were many limitations to this study. Understanding the role of ASM in muscle atrophy may lead to the discovery of novel targets for treatment of both ALS and muscle atrophy in microgravity. This study was a student led initiative and undertaken as a project within the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP), under the auspices of the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education and the Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Space Education.
Entrepreneurial Activities, Innovation and Economic Growth: The Role of Cyclical Factors - Evidence from OECD Countries for the Period 2001-2009

This article examines the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth for 19 OECD countries from 2001 to 2009. We used two measures for entrepreneurship: the level of entrepreneurial activities and potential innovation. We estimated a growth function using techniques of panel data. The results show a significant and positive impact of the variables used to measure entrepreneurship on economic growth. The results also show that the impact of innovation becomes more potential significant and higher in the presence of a favorable institutional framework. These results have strong implications for economic policy. The government will further promote entrepreneurial activities, especially which generate innovation, by providing a favorable institutional framework.
Effect of pollination of strawberry by Apis mellifera L. and Chrysoperla carnea S. on quality of the fruits

The contribution of Apis mellifera L. and Chrysoperla carnea S. as strawberry pollinators were evaluated using primary flowers of the Festival cultivar from Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. The treatments were: self-fertilizing (SF), open pollination (OP), Apis mellifera (AM) and Chrysoperla carnea (CC). The pollination rate per treatment showed that there were significant differences in AM (85.20 ± 2.41) compared with SF (41.51 ± 3.92), OP (77.98 ± 2.11) and CC (48.46 ± 2.97). There were significant differences for misshaped rate in AM (16.78 ± 1.20) compared with SF (52.53 ± 1.54), OP (23.34 ± 1.03) and CC (47.88 ± 2.02). The total anthocyanin, weight, diameter and total solid soluble of the fruits were significant higher in AM compared with SF, OP and CC treatments. The number of ovules fertilized was positively correlated with the weight of the fruit. Chrysoperla carnea is considered as poor pollinator, but the use of Apis mellifera could be an alternative to increment production and quality of fruit of strawberries cultivated in Irapuato, Gto. , Mexico.
Pre-installation challenges: classifying barriers to the introduction of smart home technology

Increasing technological developments indicate potential for a variety of improvements in the domestic environment. As part of an interdisciplinary research project, this study interviewed households prior to the installation of smart home technologies (SHTs) in order to identify critical issues at the pre-installation phase. Semi-structured interviews took place in 16 houses before the installation of SHTs, when a range of smart sensors and controls were presented to households for the first time. At this stage, they started to make key decisions about which devices to use, where to install, and how to position them. Participants mentioned diverse issues surrounding the introduction of SHTs. To guide the qualitative analysis, an organizing framework for research on smart homes and their users was used. This paper indicates that, even though participants appreciate the functional aspects of SHTs and the possibilities of a better living, their concerns related to technology (hardware & software), design (acceptability & usability) and spaces (home as complex places) are numerous. These results complement the existing literature (which focuses more on the use phase) with the perceived enablers and barriers prior to the installation of SHTs.
Temperature dependence of the superfluid density in a noncentrosymmetric superconductor

For a noncentrosymmetric superconductor such as CePt3Si, we consider a Cooper pairing model with a two-component order parameter composed of spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairing components. We calculate the superfluid density tensor in the clean limit on the basis of the quasiclassical theory of superconductivity. We demonstrate that such a pairing model accounts for an experimentally observed feature of the temperature dependence of the London penetration depth in CePt3Si, i.e., line-node-gap behavior at low temperatures.
HOW TO IMPROVE THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS OF CATCHING-UP ECONOMIES?

The article outlines the main directions of the development of national innovation systems in the new EU member states as the catching-up economies coming from the systemic change. Attempts to copy experience of high income economies in building their national innovation systems are not appropriate and adaptation to systemic change specific aspects are needed. Critically important is to increase the learning capacity of the whole society. It requires detection of the major path-dependency problems of national innovation system and implementation of appropriate policy instruments. Dominating linear innovation model based on thinking and policy making should be replaced by the interactive learning based system. Innovation diffusion management and network should be improved. A balanced approach between high and low tech industries is needed. Next to the technological competence the improvements in managerial and organisational competence are requested.
WHEN IS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL EVOLUTIONARILY STABLE (OR IS IT)

The evolution of resistance by insect and weed pests to chemical pesticides is a problem of increasing importance in applied ecology. It is striking that the evolution of resistance by target pest species in biological control is much less frequently reported, particularly in control involving parasitoids and predators, rather than pathogens. Although it is conceivable that this reflects biases in reporting or frequency of application, we suggest that there is a puzzle here worthy of scrutiny, and we outline several potential underlying causes. In order of discussion (not necessarily of importance), these are: (1) lack of genetic variation; (2) genetic constraints on selection; (3) weak selection; (4) temporally varying selection; and (5) coevolutionary dynamics. We, in particular, focus on the potential for weak selection on the host for increased resistance, despite effective control. The very spatial mechanisms (e.g., refuges, metapopulation dynamics) believed to facilitate the per- sistence of many natural enemy-victim systems with strong biological control may also incidentally provide an environment where selection is weak on target pests to evolve improved resistance to control agents, thereby biasing coevolution toward the enemy. The basic insight is that in a spatially heterogeneous environment, a strong limiting factor on a population can be a weak selective factor. The hypotheses presented here provide ingre- dients needed to predict which biological control systems might be evolutionarily stable, and which not. Our aim in this thought piece is to stimulate more attention to the evolu- tionary dimension of biological control systems.
Dynamics of Nonlocal Fisher concentration points: a nonlinear analysis of Turing patterns

The so-called ’nonlocal Fisher’ model takes into account an influence neighborhood for inhibition in classical Fisher ecological invasion. In this area, it has been introduced to represent front propagation with redistributed resources. More recently it has also been proposed as the simpler model exhibiting Turing instability and the biological interpretation refers to adaptive evolution. One aspect of the present paper is to propose a nonlinear analysis of these Turing patterns. More precisely, we introduce a rescaled equation in order to take into account rare mutations (small diusion). We analyze in which circumstances such a model exhibits stable patterns, among them the Dirac concentrations (that are interpreted as morphs in adaptive dynamics) are remarkable. We use a change of variables, similar to the phase in WKB method, that describes more accurately the phenomenon and leads to a constrained Hamilton-Jacobi equation. It allows us to interpret several features of the patterns, as the weights of the Dirac concentration points, the asymmetry variable regulating their velocities and other relevant quantities. Key-words Adaptive evolution, Redistributed resources, Turing instability, Nonlocal Fisher equation, Dirac concentrations, Hamilton-Jacobi equation.
FRACTURE ENERGY OF WOOD AND ROOT BURL WOOD OF THUYA (TETRACLINIS ARTICULATA)

The fracture energy of wood and root burl wood of thuya, coming from the forest of Essaouira (Morocco), was measured using a single edge notched specimen bending (SENB) test method. The variations along the longitudinal and transverse directions were studied using specimens taken from one radial section of thuya wood and on radial section of thuya burl, originating from two different trees. Thuya burl was more resistant than thuya wood to crack propagation in RL system (in the tangential plane). This difference is explained by the presence of dark growths, composed of cells with thicker walls that make the burl wood usually denser than thuya wood. Thuya burl was more resistant to crack propagation in RL system (tangential plane) than in TL system (radial plane), which is consistent with the radial orientation of the dark growths. The observed decrease of fracture energy along the longitudinal direction was explained by the progressive reduction of dark growth concentration.