Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Charging Scheduling Optimization for a Wirelessly Charged Electric Bus System

The introduction of wirelessly charged electric buses (WCEBs) into current public transportation system attracts many attentions in recent years. As the wireless charging technology enables energy transfer from power transmitters to electric vehicles (EVs) on road, it provides a promising solution to reduce the huge cost of battery with large size and long charging time, which are two critical impediments for EV applications. However, the system cost of WCEBs is huge. Under the dynamic electricity demands and the fluctuating electricity prices, the system operating electricity cost highly depends on the charging schedule. In this paper, according to the typical day-ahead electricity market, we explore an optimal charging scheduling scheme in a WCEB system to minimize the system operating electricity cost, while the characteristic of WCEBs is considered. The price of electricity fluctuates with the accumulated energy demands in both spatial and temporal domains. We first present a day-ahead reserved wholesale electricity determination algorithm, in which, the average speeds of WCEBs are presumed. Then, we propose an optimal charging scheduling algorithm, in which the WCEB charging schedules in slots are optimized sequentially. Both the reserved electricity and the predicted speeds in the slot are used. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed WCEB charging schedules.
Creating an extensive , multi-species planktonic foraminifera isotope record at an Eocene-Oligocene high latitude site

In order to gain a better understanding of the paleoceanographic implications of the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT), the most significant climatic change of the Cenozoic, a more comprehensive planktonic foraminifera stable isotope record is needed. After obtaining δO measurements to define relative paleodepths within the water column and δC measurements to determine the isotopic impact of vital effects, it is possible to use these planktonic species as tracers of surface water conditions across the transition. Here we measure more than forty different species across nineteen genera, eight narrow size fractions, and ten time slices when specimens are available. The samples, all from a high latitude, North Atlantic site, are well-preserved, an important requirement of isotopic studies. This dataset confirms findings of previous research on well-studied species, further constrains our understanding of minimally studied species, and provides data and isotopic context for several unstudied species. We also make note of taxonomic anomalies throughout the time interval. With a thorough isotopic understanding of the species included here, we then used this data to determine the overall significance of surface-todeep carbon and oxygen gradients across the EOT and the relative genus-level shifts in carbon and oxygen stable isotope measurements. Introduction The Eocene-Oligocene Transition (~34 Ma) is the largest climate shift of the Cenozoic and marks the transition from a greenhouse climate to an icehouse with the onset of Antarctic glaciation (Coxall and Wilson, 2011). In the deep ocean, this transition is recorded by a two-step increase in δO and a ~1 ‰ positive excursion δC of benthic foraminifera (Coxall et al., 2005; Scher et al., 2011; Diester-Haass and Zahn, 1996). The exact trigger for the onset of Antarctic glaciation across the EOT is still debated. Hypothesized causes include changes in ocean-atmosphere heat exchange related to the formation of the Southern Ocean with the opening of the Tasmanian Gateway and Drake Passage (Scher et al., 2006; Scher et al., 2015) and interaction of the long-term draw-down in atmospheric CO2 with orbital forcing (Coxall and Wilson, 2011; Pagani et al.,
Gas Conductance of the Jelly Capsule of Terrestrial Frog Eggs Correlates with Embryonic Stage, Not Metabolic Demand or Ambient Po2

Previous work indicates that the O2, conductance of the jelly capsule (Go2) and O2 consumption (V̇o2) of Pseudophryne bibronii eggs increase in parallel during development such that perivitelline Po2 remains high and constant throughout incubation at 12° C (Seymour and Bradford 1987). To determine whether the pattern of capsular change is adaptively regulated, the eggs were incubated at selected Ta (7°, 12°, 17°, and 22° C), ambient Po2 (10, 15, 21, 30, and 40 kPa), and substrate water potential (0 and −25 kPa), and we measured V̇o2 Go2, incubation time, and differentiation rate. The Go2 is not directly affected by Ta, ambient Po2, or water potential, but it depends strongly on developmental stage. The embryo is apparently programmed to secrete specific substances that modify capsule morphology at specific stages of development, and it does not respond to environmental conditions by altering the time course of secretion. Consequently, Po2 in the perivitelline space is not regulated but declines at higher temperatures. At 17° C and 22° C, V̇o2 becomes limited by capsule Go2 in late stages of development. However, winter breeding at field temperatures averaging about 12° C reduces the possibility of O2 limitation and retardation of embryonic development.
Automated Essay Scoring in the Presence of Biased Ratings

Studies in Social Sciences have revealed that when people evaluate someone else, their evaluations often reflect their biases. As a result, rater bias may introduce highly subjective factors that make their evaluations inaccurate. This may affect automated essay scoring models in many ways, as these models are typically designed to model (potentially biased) essay raters. While there is sizeable literature on rater effects in general settings, it remains unknown how rater bias affects automated essay scoring. To this end, we present a new annotated corpus containing essays and their respective scores. Different from existing corpora, our corpus also contains comments provided by the raters in order to ground their scores. We present features to quantify rater bias based on their comments, and we found that rater bias plays an important role in automated essay scoring. We investigated the extent to which rater bias affects models based on hand-crafted features. Finally, we propose to rectify the training set by removing essays associated with potentially biased scores while learning the scoring model.
Ultrapotent Human Neutralizing Antibody Repertoires Against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus From a Recovered Patient

We describe the MERS-CoV-neutralizing antibody repertoires from a survivor and characterized 13 ultrapotent mAbs. The mAbs, MERS-GD27 and MERS-GD33, exhibited the strongest neutralizing activities. Both targeted receptor-binding domain via different contacts. The epitopes of MERS-GD27 overlapped with DPP4-binding sites.
Lactobacillus fermentum Improves Tacrolimus‐Induced Hypertension by Restoring Vascular Redox State and Improving eNOS Coupling

SCOPE The aim is to analyze whether the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (LC40) can prevent endothelial dysfunction and hypertension induced by tacrolimus in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Tacrolimus increases systolic blood pressure (SBP) and impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine and these effects are partially prevented by LC40. Endothelial dysfunction induced by tacrolimus is related to both increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-driven superoxide production and Rho-kinase-mediated eNOS inhibition. LC40 treatment prevents all the aortic changes induced by tacrolimus. LC40 restores the imbalance between T-helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cells induced by tacrolimus in mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen. Tacrolimus-induced gut dysbiosis, that is, it decreases microbial diversity, increases the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and decreases acetate- and butyrate-producing bacteria, and these effects are prevented by LC40. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from LC40-treated mice to control mice prevents the increase in SBP and the impaired relaxation to acetylcholine induced by tacrolimus. CONCLUSION LC40 treatment prevents hypertension and endothelial dysfunction induced by tacrolimus by inhibiting gut dysbiosis. These effects are associated with a reduction in vascular oxidative stress, mainly through NOX2 downregulation and prevention of eNOS uncoupling, and inflammation possibly because of decreased Th17 and increased Treg cells polarization in mesenteric lymph nodes.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology at A Glance

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disease where destruction of the insulin producing pancreatic beta-cells leads to increased blood sugar levels. Both genetic and environmental factors play a part in the development of T1DM. Currently, numerous loci are specified to be the responsible genetic factors for T1DM; however, the mechanisms of only a few of these genes are known. Although several environmental factors are presumed responsible for progression of T1DM, to date, most of their mechanisms remain undiscovered. After several years of hyperglycemia, late onsets of macrovascular (e.g., cardiovascular) and microvascular (e.g., neurological, ophthalmological, and renal) complications may occur. This review and accompanying figures provides an overview of the etiological factors for T1DM, its pathogenesis at the cellular level, and attributed complications.
Two Novel Hypovirulence-Associated Mycoviruses in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botrytis cinerea: Molecular Characterization and Suppression of Infection Cushion Formation

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus causing disease on many important agricultural crops. Two novel mycoviruses, namely Botrytis cinerea hypovirus 1 (BcHV1) and Botrytis cinerea fusarivirus 1 (BcFV1), were fully sequenced. The genome of BcHV1 is 10,214 nt long excluding a poly-A tail and possesses one large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein possessing several conserved domains including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), showing homology to hypovirus-encoded polyproteins. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BcHV1 may belong to the proposed genus Betahypovirus in the viral family Hypoviridae. The genome of BcFV1 is 8411 nt in length excluding the poly A tail and theoretically processes two major ORFs, namely ORF1 and ORF2. The larger ORF1 encoded polypeptide contains protein domains of an RdRp and a viral helicase, whereas the function of smaller ORF2 remains unknown. The BcFV1 was phylogenetically clustered with other fusariviruses forming an independent branch, indicating BcFV1 was a member in Fusariviridae. Both BcHV1 and BcFV1 were capable of being transmitted horizontally through hyphal anastomosis. Infection by BcHV1 alone caused attenuated virulence without affecting mycelial growth, significantly inhibited infection cushion (IC) formation, and altered expression of several IC-formation-associated genes. However, wound inoculation could fully rescue the virulence phenotype of the BcHV1 infected isolate. These results indicate the BcHV1-associated hypovirulence is caused by the viral influence on IC-formation-associated pathways.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Two Empathy Measures: A Comparison of the Measurement Precision, Construct Validity, and Incremental Validity of Two Multidimensional Indices

The quality of empathy research, and clinical assessment, hinges on the validity and proper interpretation of the measures used to assess the construct. This study investigates, in an online sample of 401 adult community participants, the construct validity of the Affective and Cognitive Measure of Empathy (ACME) relative to that of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the most widely used multidimensional empathy research measure. We investigated the factor structures of both measures, as well as their measurement precision across varying trait levels. We also examined them both in relation to convergent and discriminant criteria, including broadband personality dimensions, general emotionality, personality disorder features, and interpersonal malignancy. Our findings suggest that the ACME possesses incremental validity beyond the IRI for most constructs related to interpersonal malignancy. Our results further indicate that the IRI Personal Distress scale is severely deficient in construct validity, raising serious concerns regarding past findings that have included it when computing total empathy scores. Finally, our results indicate that both questionnaires display poor measurement precision at high trait levels, emphasizing the need for future researchers to develop indices that can reliably measure high levels of empathy.
Characterization of chemicals released to the environment by electronic cigarettes use (ClearStream-AIR project): is passive vaping a reality? 3

BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-CIG) have been marketed as a safer alternative habit to tobacco smoking. We have developed a group of research protocols to evaluate the effects of e-CIG on human health, called ClearStream. No studies have adequately evaluated the effects of e-CIG use on the release of chemicals to the environment. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the chemicals released on a closed environment from the use of e-CIG (ClearStream-AIR). MethodsA60m 3 closed-room was used for the experiment. Two sessions were organized, the first using 5 smokers and the second using 5 users of e-CIG. Both sessions lasted5h . B etween sessions, the room was cleaned and ventilated for65h . S mokers used cigarettes containing0.6mgof nicotine while e-CIG users used commercially available liquid (FlavourArt) with nicotine concentration of11mg/ml . W e measured total organic carbon (TOC), toluene, xylene, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), nicotine, acrolein, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) glycerin and propylene glycol levels on the air of the room. ResultsDuring the smoking session, 19 cigarettes were smoked, administering11.4mgof nicotine (according to cigarette pack information). During the e-CIG session,1.6mlof liquid was consumed, administering17.6mgof nicotine. During the smoking session we found: TOC=6.66mg/m 3 ,t oluene=1. 7µg/m 3 , xylene=0. 2µg/m 3 , CO=11mg/m 3 ,n icotine=34µg/m 3 ,a crolein=20µg/mland PAH=9. 4µg/m 3 . N o glycerin, propylene glycol and NO x were detected after the smoking session. During the e-CIG session we found: TOC=0.73mg/m 3 and glycerin=72µg/m 3 . No toluene, xylene, CO, NO x ,n icotine, acrolein or PAHs were detected on room air during the e-CIG session.
The clinicopathological and prognostic significances of Dkk3 expression in cancers: A bioinformatics analysis.

BACKGROUND Dkk3 protein attenuates the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt5a and LRP6, and their interaction, and interacts with βTrCP to suppress wnt/β-catenin pathway. METHODS We performed a bioinformatics analysis of Dkk3 mRNA expression through Oncomine, TCGA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases up to July 10, 2017. RESULTS Up-regulated Dkk3 expression was higher in gastric, breast, and ovarian cancers than normal tissues (p< 0.05). Bitter's database showed a higher Dkk3 expression in ovarian cytoadenocarcinoma than clear cell adenocarcinoma (p< 0.05). Dkk3 was more expressed in ductal breast cancer in situ than invasive ductal breast cancer (p< 0.05), in mixed lobular and ductal cancer, and lobular cancer than ductal breast cancer (p< 0.05). In TCGA data, Dkk3 expression was lower in gastric cancers with than without Barret's esophagus (p< 0.05), in intestinal-type than diffuse-type cancers (p< 0.05), and in the cancers of elder than younger patients (p< 0.05). Dkk3 expression was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma (p< 0.05). Dkk3 expression was higher in ductal than lobular breast cancer, or in younger than elder patients with breast cancer (p< 0.05). According to Kaplan-Meier plotter, Dkk3 expression was negatively correlated with overall, progression-free, relapse-free or distant-metastasis-free survival rate of gastric, breast or ovarian cancer patients, but versa for lung cancer patients (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Dkk3 expression might be employed as a potential marker to indicate carcinogenesis and histogenesis, even prognosis.
Tropical Indian Ocean mooring array : Present status and future plans

1 Frontier Observational Research System for Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan 2 National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India 3 University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa 4 NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. 5 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. 6 LODYC, Paris, France 7 CSIRO Marine Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Examining the Intergenerational Stake Hypothesis in Grandparent–Grandchild Dyads

The intergenerational stake hypothesis posits that older people tend to feel more positively about their relationships with younger people in their family because they have a greater perceived “stake” in the relationship. Pairs of grandparents and grandchildren (n = 79) completed a brief survey that asked questions about relational closeness, shared activities, and relationship quality. Both self- and proxy reports were gathered from each participant. On average, grandparents reported significantly more favorable self-reports of emotional closeness than their grandchildren. However, proxy reports revealed that grandparents were actually quite accurate at predicting their grandchildren’s relational closeness responses. Moreover, difference score calculations identified a portion of the dyad sample (39 dyads) that appeared to refute the hypothesis in their relational closeness responses. Results from this study suggest that the generational stake phenomenon exists in the grandchild/grandparent relationship. However, the degree to which grandparents are aware of their grandchildren’s perspectives may vary.
Endeudamiento y eficiencia en las empresas agrarias

RESUMEN Existe unanimidad en señalar al desarrollo del sistema financiero como una de las causas del crecimiento económico. Pero los efectos de las distintas formas de financiación ajena a nivel mi-croeconómico no son tan evidentes. Profundizar en estos aspectos es una vía de interés que puede arrojar implicaciones sobre cómo mejorar la gestión empresarial. En este trabajo se contrasta la incidencia de las deudas a largo y corto plazo sobre la eficiencia de un conjunto de empresas agrarias. Se han usado datos contables de empresas agrícolas, ganaderas, mixtas y de servicios. En primer lugar se han obtenido las eficiencias de las explotaciones con métodos no paramétricos (DEA orientado a inputs). Posteriormente, en una segunda etapa, se han realizado regresiones censuradas tomando diferentes tipos de variables explicativas entre las que se incluyen ratios financieras. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa y positiva entre endeudamiento a corto plazo y eficiencia, lo que estaría de acuerdo con algunas teorías que señalan que las empresas con mayores obligaciones a corto plazo se esfuerzan más para poder satisfacer estos pagos y ésto repercute favorablemente en la asignación de recursos. Consolidar esta modalidad de financiación a través del fomento de relaciones estables entre acreedores y deudores puede ser una forma de potenciar la eficiencia empresarial.
Investigating Coherence among Turkish Elementary Science Teachers’ Teaching Belief Systems, Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Practice

This study investigated comprehensive science teaching belief systems and their relation to science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge and teaching practices. Rokeach's (1968) belief system was used as a framework for representing the hierarchy among in-service teachers' teaching beliefs. This study employed a multiple case study design with three in-service science teachers. Cases were selected based on participant's personal epistemology. Data were collected through interviews and classroom observations. Content analyses showed that when science teachers presented characteristics of autonomous self-construal more than related self-construal, they had a more advanced personal epistemology. In addition, these beliefs shaped participants' conceptions of teaching and learning science as well as self-efficacy beliefs, knowledge and practice. Given these results, it is important for social psychologists to collaborate with science teachers to support their self-construal.
Evaluating soft biometrics in the context of face recognition

EVALUATING SOFT BIOMETRICS IN THE CONTEXT OF FACE RECOGNITION Soft biometrics typically refer to attributes of people such as their gender, the shape of their head, the color of their hair, etc. There is growing interest in soft biometrics as a means of improving automated face recognition since they hold the promise of significantly reducing recognition errors, in part by ruling out illogical choices. Here four experiments quantify performance gains on a difficult face recognition task when standard face recognition algorithms are augmented using information associated with soft biometrics. These experiments include a best-case analysis using perfect knowledge of gender and race, support vector machine-based soft biometric classifiers, face shape expressed through an active shape model, and finally appearance information from the image region directly surrounding the face. All four experiments indicate small improvements may be made when soft biometrics augment an existing algorithm. However, in all cases, the gains were modest. In the context of face recognition, empirical evidence suggests that significant gains using soft biometrics are hard to come by.
Inverting Supervised Representations with Autoregressive Neural Density Models

We present a method for feature interpretation that makes use of recent advances in autoregressive density estimation models to invert model representations. We train generative inversion models to express a distribution over input features conditioned on intermediate model representations. Insights into the invariances learned by supervised models can be gained by viewing samples from these inversion models. In addition, we can use these inversion models to estimate the mutual information between a model's inputs and its intermediate representations, thus quantifying the amount of information preserved by the network at different stages. Using this method we examine the types of information preserved at different layers of convolutional neural networks, and explore the invariances induced by different architectural choices. Finally we show that the mutual information between inputs and network layers decreases over the course of training, supporting recent work by Shwartz-Ziv and Tishby (2017) on the information bottleneck theory of deep learning.
Initial Public Offerings on the UK When-Issued Market

Abstract We examine the determinants of an IPO firm's decision to trade on a when-issued market and find that better quality firms are more likely to trade on this market. Our ‘what-if’ analysis shows that for companies that choose to have when-issued trading, the actual offer price is almost 26% higher than it would have been had these firms chosen not to trade on this market. We interpret this higher offer price as a ‘rent’ that investors pay to acquire shares of such companies. We also show that the informational accuracy of the UK when-issued market is better than that of continental European when-issued markets.