Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of alternating feeding regimes with varying dietary phosphorus levels on growth, mineralization, phosphorus retention and loading of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Excessive phosphorus (P) levels in freshwater aquaculture effluents are a major environmental problem in certain receiving water bodies. This study aimed to test an approach alternating that alternating feeding P deficient and P sufficient diets and measure P loading from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture. Three experimental practical diets consisting of P-deficient (0.4% P, P04), optimum level of P (0.6% P, P06) and P-sufficient as control diet (0.8% P, P08) were formulated. Six different feeding regimes of P-sufficient diet continuously (P08), P-deficient diet continuously (P04), optimum dietary level of P (P06) continuously, one week P-deficient/one week optimum level of P diet (P04/P06.1), 2 weeks P-deficient/2 weeks optimum level of P diet (P04/P06.2) and 4 weeks P-deficient/ 4 weeks optimum level of P diet (P04/P06.4) were tested. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation level 16 weeks. Fish fed all alternating regimes showed growth rate (weight and length) comparable to those of continuous feeding with P08 and P06 diet. The feed conversion ratios (FCR) for all alternating regimes were comparable to that of the P08 and P06 continuous feeding regime. Neither the thermal unit growth coefficient (TGC) nor condition factor (K) significantly influenced by feeding regimes. Vertebrae P, ash and whole body ash content did not differ among regimes. Except fish fed continuous P04 diet, the ash and P content in opercula and whole body total P content were not significantly different among each other in a continuous feeding and alternating feeding schedule. Fish fed all alternating regimes showed significantly lower P consumption than those fed continuously fed with P08 and P06. Different feeding regimes had no effect P retention. Significantly higher P loading (solid and dissolved) was noted in fish fed continuously with P08 diet, in contrast P loading values were lower for all alternating feeding regimes. The study demonstrated that growth and tissue mineralization of fish maintained on alternating feeding regimes with P04 and P06 diet were comparable to those continuously fed with diet of P08. These results demonstrate that it is possible to reduce P intake by 34% and reduce P loading 52% by adopting alternating feeding regimes compared to P08 diet. This study provides evidence that alternating feeding of P deficient and optimum dietary levels using practical ingredients can be adopted as a means of reducing P loading from rainbow trout culture without compromising growth.
On Ψ direct sums of Banach spaces and convexity

Abstract Let X1, X2, …, XN be Banach spaces and ψ a continuous convex function with some appropriate conditions on a certain convex set in RN−1. Let (X1⊕X2⊕…⊕XN)Ψ be the direct sum of X1, X2, …, XN equipped with the norm associated with Ψ. We characterize the strict, uniform, and locally uniform convexity of (X1 ⊕ X2 ⊕ … ⊕ XN)Ψ; by means of the convex function Ψ. As an application these convexities are characterized for the ℓp, q-sum (X1 ⊕ X2 ⊕ … ⊕ XN)p, q (1 < q ≤ p ≤ ∈, q < ∞), which includes the well-known facts for the ℓp-sum (X1 ⊕ X2 ⊕ … ⊕ XN)p in the case p = q.
Counteractive effects of regional transport and emission control on the formation of fine particles: a case study during the Hangzhou G20 summit

Abstract. To evaluate the effect of temporary emission control measures on air quality during the 2016 G20 summit held in Hangzhou, China, an intensive field campaign was conducted with a focus on aerosol chemistry and gaseous precursors from 15 August to 12 September 2016. The concentrations of fine particles were reduced during the intense emission control stages, with the reduction of carbonaceous matter being mostly responsible for this observed decrease. This, in turn, was mainly ascribed to the decrease of secondary organic aerosols via the suppression of daytime peak secondary organic carbon (SOC)formation. Although the regional joint control was enacted extending to the Yangtze River Delta region, the effect of long-range transport on the air quality of Hangzhou was ubiquitous. Unexpectedly high NOx concentrations were observed during the control stage, when the strictest restriction on vehicles was implemented, owing to contributions from upstream populous regions such as Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. In addition, the continental outflow traveling over the ocean triggered a short pollution episode on the first day of the G20 summit, resulting in a significant enhancement of the nitrogen/sulfur oxidation rates. In the wake of the summit, all air pollutants evidently rebounded after the various control measures were lifted. Overall, the fraction of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA; in this case sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium aerosols – SNA) in PM2.5 increased as relative humidity increased; however, the overall concentration of PM2.5 did not increase. Aerosol components that had distinctly different sources and formation mechanisms, e.g., sulfate/nitrate and elemental carbon, exclusively showed strong correlations during the regional/long-range transport episodes. The sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium to elemental carbon (SNA∕EC) ratio, which was used as a proxy for assessing the extent of secondary inorganic aerosol formation, was found to be significantly enhanced under transport conditions from northern China. This study highlighted that emission control strategies were beneficial for curbing particulate pollution, in addition to the fact that regional/long-range transport may offset local emission control effects to some extent.
Criminals interpreting for criminals: breaking or shaping norms?

The concept of norms has been applied in Interpreting Studies to achieve a greater understanding of the principles regulating this activity in close connection to each particular context and its specific features. In less explored settings, such as prisons, a norm-based analysis can become a useful tool to describe a partially unknown reality. This study aims to explore the degree of compliance to norms by non-professional interpreters in prison settings. For these purposes, the main norms of interpreter behaviour (as defined in codes of ethics) will be examined through the lens of a corpus of 19 interpreted prison interviews, as well as users’ and interpreting experts’ reactions to them. Results will show that, on occasion, non-professional interpreters challenge relevant norms (accuracy, impartiality, confidentiality.) in a conscious or unconscious manner. Such deviations may be due to lack of translational competence, voluntary moves to improve one’s own or a fellow inmate’s face before the prison administration, or adjustment to users’ expectations, among others. The reactions they trigger among users and interpreting experts vary depending on the norm challenged, the role of each stakeholder or their communicative goals.
Impact of Micro Economic Variables on Firms Performance

The aim of our study is to analyze the factors that affect performance of the cement sector focusing particularly on Pakistani firms. The study further finds the impact of size on performance, to examine the relationship between age of the firm and firm performance, to measure the effect of growth on firm’s performance and to highlight the impact of leverage on performance of the firm. There are twenty six cement companies listed in KSE. However, for the purpose of this paper only twenty companies were selected whose data was readily available over the period of eleven years from 2002 to 2012. Methodology: The data for the study was extracted from the annual reports of all the companies. In this study panel data analysis is used. Findings: After analyzing the data we have come to a point that all of the four variables have significant impact on the performance of the firm. We have seen that leverage has a positive impact effect on the performance of the firm when ROA is analyzed. Size, age and growth have a positive impact on return on equity (ROE) while leverage has a negative impact. Recommendations: This paper shows new insights for policy makers to improve the performance of Pakistani firms.
Economic and Politico-Institutional Variables Applied to the Analysis of Subnational Public Spending in Argentina

Using a panel data with fixed effect for the period 1993-2004, we aim at ascertaining whether the participation of public expenditure categories in total public spending of Argentine provinces was influenced by economic, fiscal and politico-institutional variables, such as provinces’ political sign; possibility of reelection of the executive branch; provisions limiting public spending, public debt, or restrictions to the use of credit; and the structure of the legislative bodies. While estimated coefficients for fiscal effort, financial sufficiency, and public debt were significantly different from zero, results fell short of being conclusive for the other variables, except for categorical variables standing for limits on spending and credit use.
Optimal Test Design With Rule-Based Item Generation

Optimal test-design methods are applied to rule-based item generation. Three different cases of automated test design are presented: (a) test assembly from a pool of pregenerated, calibrated items; (b) test generation on the fly from a pool of calibrated item families; and (c) test generation on the fly directly from calibrated features defining the item families. The last two cases do not assume any item calibration under a regular response theory model; instead, entire item families or critical features of them are assumed to be calibrated using a hierarchical response model developed for rule-based item generation. The test-design models maximize an expected version of the Fisher information in the test and control critical attributes of the test forms through explicit constraints. Results from a study with simulated response data highlight both the effects of within-family item-parameter variability and the severity of the constraint sets in the test-design models on their optimal solutions.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY OF PERSIAN VERSION OF DOUBLE DICHOTIC DIGIT TEST IN GIRLS AGED 7 TO 11 YEARS

Background and Aim: The double dichotic digit test (DDT) is a simple test for assessing and screening auditory processing system. The purpose of this study was to develope a double DDT, in Persian language and find its basic norm values in girls aged 7 to 11 years. Methods: The Persian version of double DDT is composed of 3 different 25 numerical lists. Numbers in each list were recorded dichotically. The present cross‐sectional study was performed on 200 girls aged 7 to 11 years. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 30 of the study subjects. Results: The mean scores of the right and left ears in the free recall condition increased from 92.33 and 86 percent in 7 year olds to 99.75 and 98.16 percent in 11 year olds and in the directed condition from 95 and 88.80 percent in 7 year olds to 100 and 98.41 percent in 11 year olds. In the free recall condition the right ear advantage value decreased from 6.33 percent in 7 year olds to 1.58 percent in 11 year olds, respectively and in directed recall condition, decreased from 6.91 percent in 7 year olds to 1.59 percent in 11 year olds. The test has as high consistency reliability (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to results of the present study, the Persian version of the double DDT has suitable reliability for assessing the central auditory processing system in 7 to 11 year old girls.
Audit quality, monitoring mechanisms and auditor reporting behaviour

This study extends previous research by empirically investigating the relationship of audit quality and governance monitoring mechanisms with the probability of receiving a qualified audit report. Using Australian manufacturing company data we find that Big 4 auditors are more likely to issue a clean audit report. We also note that auditors are less likely to qualify a certain firm’s financial statements when higher levels of non-audit fees are derived. Finally, this study adds to the growing body of literature that documents the importance of boards’ role in monitoring management behavior; that is, we find that smaller size boards appear to be less effective than larger size boards. The above findings have implications about the perception of auditor independence and effectiveness of board of directors.
Implementation of Total Quality Management Based Knowledge Management and Its Effect on Customer Satisfaction and Organization Performance (Studies on Four and Five Star Hotels in Bali)

This study aims to examine and explain the effect of implementation of Total Quality Management on Organizational Performance, by Customer Satisfaction and Knowledge Management as a mediating variable. A structural model which is composed of four variables, was developed based on literature studies conducted. The developed model is analyzed by using Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The samples in this study are four and five star hotels in Bali as many as 87 hotels, and the respondents are the General Manager and Operational Manager as many as 164 people. The data was collected by the research instrument in the form of perception measured using a Likert scale. The findings showed that the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) in the four and five star hotels in Bali, do not directly affect the organizational performance, but the indirect effect if it can increase customer satisfaction and enhance the role of knowledge management first which is owned by the employees of the hotel. This findings of this study also successfully provide important implications in the form factor of leadership and continuous improvement as the foundation of the success of the practice of Total Quality Management on four and five star hotels in Bali. Keywords :Total Quality Management, Knowledge Management, Customer Satisfaction, Organizational Performance.
Study on Determination of Categories of Soil Quality Variable Concentrations in Brackish water Ponds of Java Island, Indonesia

Soil quality plays pivotal role in increasing productivity and brackish water ponds successfulness, including ponds of Java Island, Indonesia. However, the availability of data on concentration categories for soil quality variables for ponds soils in Java Island, which is volcanic-dominated soils and the largest area for ponds in Indonesia, is still scarce. This study was aimed to categories soil quality variable concentrations as an initial point in interpreting pond soils quality of Java Island. Soil samples were collected from two different soil depths of 923 sampling points representing 13 regencies/cities of West Java, Central Java, and East Java Provinces. Twenty soil quality variables were measured based on in-situ and ex-situ measurements. The t-Student and U-Mann Whitney tests were applied to analyses the differences in soils quality at each soil depth which were firstly analyzed using z-score to eliminate outlier data. The data were firstly rearranged from the smallest to the largest data prior to measuring data deciles; the deciles, as considered as the basic measurement, were used for categorizing each soil quality variable. The results of this study indicated that the pH and nutrients are higher at pond top soils, 0-0.2 m compared to that observed on the depth of 0.2-0.5 m. Concentration of soil quality variables such as SKCl, SP, SPOS, TPA, TAA, TSA, and pyrite relatively similar between the two depths. Data of each soil quality variable were categorized into very low, low, moderate, high, and very high to facilitate a comparison to other data of ponds soil qualities. The results of this study are not recommended for assessing the relationship between ponds soil quality and ponds productivity; yet are usefull in measuring which variable of ponds soil quality is categorized as very low, low, moderate, high or very high; and also useful in making decision on pond soils quality management in Java Island.
Prey preferences of adult sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax in the northeastern Atlantic: implications for bycatch of common dolphin Delphinus delphis

In the northeastern Atlantic, adult sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is one of largest fish living on the shelf, and this species has important commercial value. However, pelagic trawl fisheries that target sea bass have negative operational interactions with common dolphins (Delphinus delphis). Our goal was to determine the diet of adult sea bass in the Bay of Biscay from stomachcontent and stable-isotope analyses, and explore the dietary overlap between sea bass and common dolphins. We found that sea bass primarily target small pelagic fish, most notably mackerel (Scomber scombrus), scads (Trachurus spp.), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), and sardine (Sardina pilchardus). These four species also dominated the diets of common dolphins. This overlap in feeding preferences could increase the risk of dolphins being caught by trawl fisheries while feeding among sea bass, and may be an underlying mechanism to explain the high rate of common dolphin bycatch observed in the pelagic trawl fishery for sea bass in the Bay of Biscay. Understanding the foraging ecology and trophic interactions of predator species is an essential step for identifying and resolving management issues in the northeastern Atlantic and other marine ecosystems. © 2013 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
Clinical Decision Support System in Oncology: Oncologist's Perceptions and Suggestions

Background: A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a health information technology system that is designed to provide physicians and other health professionals with overall information about the patients and their health record or in other words clinical decision support (CDS), i.e. assistance with clinical decision-making tasks. Purpose: The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, perception and expectations of oncologists from North India (particularly J&K) about the CDSS. Methodology: 100 Oncologists of various hospitals and research institutes of North India were selected as participants for the present survey. A well-prepared questionnaire was provided to the participants containing the questions related to information, perception and prospects towards CDSS. The participants were asked to mark their response on a 5-PointLikert Scale i.e. from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. The time motion study was also conducted to identify the issues related to the retrieval of patient information and domain knowledge. Results: The Oncologists had significant knowledge of CDSS and their perception towards CDSS was found to be substantial. The Oncologists felt the need of implementing CDSS in their hospitals so as to increase the healthcare facilities, speed-up the treatment process and reduce the healthcare cost. The Oncologists expected that the CDSS should have the characteristics to store the patient’s clinical history, practice guidelines and updates related to cancer care. The time motion study showed that the Oncologists spend most of their time in accessing patient information during patient evaluation because they don’t have any web based database to directly access the information, rather have to largely depend on printed text. Conclusion: There is a huge demand of implementing CDSS in cancer hospitals and research institutes so as to make the cancer treatment and research more effective, affordable and less time consuming.
Magnetic after-effect study of dislocation relaxation in Fe-based alloys

Dislocation-related relaxation processes are studied by measuring the magnetic after-effect spectra as a function of temperature in a variety of non-deformed and cold-worked iron alloys. In the α-Fe and Fe–1%Cu alloys the peak centred at about 320 K appears as a consequence of plastic deformation. On the basis of the behaviour of its parameters, such as the temperature position of the peak, the full width at half maximum and the integrated intensities, this feature is assigned to the relaxation process of thermally activated dislocation motion.
The Australian Space Eye: studying the history of galaxy formation with a CubeSat

The Australian Space Eye is a proposed astronomical telescope based on a 6U CubeSat platform. The Space Eye will exploit the low level of systematic errors achievable with a small space based telescope to enable high accuracy measurements of the optical extragalactic background light and low surface brightness emission around nearby galaxies. This project is also a demonstrator for several technologies with general applicability to astronomical observations from nanosatellites. Space Eye is based around a 90 mm aperture clear aperture all refractive telescope for broadband wide field imaging in the i' and z' bands.
Exploring innovative community and household energy feedback approaches

ABSTRACT Most research to date on the provision of energy feedback to households has focused on assessing the efficacy of numeric-based feedback. This paper describes the application and evaluation of more visual energy feedback techniques (carbon mapping, thermal imaging) at different scales, alongside traditional methods (web-based energy and environmental visualization platform, home energy reports) delivered through community workshops, home visits and the internet, across six low-carbon communities in the UK. Overall, most of the feedback approaches were able to engage and raise awareness amongst the householders. Whilst carbon mapping was felt to be aimed more at community groups and local councils by providing evidence of past and future community action, displaying carbon maps at community workshops helped to show that others were also engaged in energy action. Thermal imaging was successful in engaging individual local residents through both community workshops and home visits, especially when included in the home energy reports. This stimulated discussions on future energy savings through building fabric upgrade. However, the data-driven web-based platform had limited uptake due to online log-in requirement and information overload. Such insights are useful for those involved in scaling up the deployment of energy feedback to encourage energy demand reduction.
Neurodegenerative and Vascular Involvement in Post Stroke Dementia

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia are not rare conditions in patients with stroke. The close link between cerebrovascular disease and dementia appears a clear public health problem. With an ischemic stroke, the onset of vascular dementia could be triggered, mostly in those patients with a pre-existing cognitive decline. The underlying mechanisms of post-stroke cognitive impairment are not known in detail. Neurodegeneration and vascular factors are activated, with coexistence, when also overlap, of these two pathological mechanisms within the neuro-vascular unit. Several works have found that acute stroke can cause changes in brain volume affecting cognitive abilities frequently, but not constantly, as found in Alzheimer’s disease patients. This review analyzes previous data on the role of stroke in initiating or promoting neurodegenerative dementia.