Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What, where, whether - The role of working memory and inhibition in foraging performance

Foraging is establishing itself as a powerful way of studying visual search in humans. Cognitive abilities related to foraging and visual search in general include feature search ability, feature integration ability, metacognition and executive functions (EF’s) such as working memory (WM), inhibition and attentional flexibility. While the role of some of these abilities in visual search has been established, little is known about the relationship between EFsubcomponents and foraging. The primary goal of the current study was to determine to what degree two facets of working memory, object-based and location-based WM, play a role in foraging performance. A second goal was to clarify the role of inhibition in foraging, not least to verify whether it would remain insignificant as seen in previous studies. Eighteen individuals aged between 21 and 33 (M = 24.4, SD = 2.7) were tested on a foraging task along with three tasks measuring object-based WM, location-based WM and inhibition, respectively. The results indicate that object-based WM and location-based WM jointly account for a considerable proportion of variance in foraging performance. The role of each of the WM components differs depending on the foraging condition and variables in question. As seen in previous research, inhibition does not seem to contribute to foraging performance. The implications of these results are discussed.
Investigating the Implementation of Higher Order Thinking Skills in Malaysian Classrooms: Insights from L2 Teaching Practices

In preparing for the 21 st century workforce, many education systems have integrated creative and critical thinking elements in the teaching and learning process by instilling higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in students. This research examines English language (L2) teachers’ awareness and practices in promoting HOTS in the English Language classrooms in Malaysia. Data were collected from practicing L2 teachers through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and structured observations. Findings of this research suggest that implementation of HOTS in the L2 classroom is very minimal and hindered by various factors, particularly those related to student, pedagogical and institutional factors. This implies the need for a more holistic and integrated approach involving L2 teachers, students and administrators in ensuring the successful implementation of HOTS in the L2 classrooms.
GLOBULAR CLUSTER POPULATIONS: FIRST RESULTS FROM S4G EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES

Using 3.6 μm images of 97 early-type galaxies, we develop and verify methodology to measure globular cluster populations from the S4G survey images. We find that (1) the ratio, TN, of the number of clusters, NCL, to parent galaxy stellar mass, M*, rises weakly with M* for early-type galaxies with M* > 1010 M☉ when we calculate galaxy masses using a universal stellar initial mass function (IMF) but that the dependence of TN on M* is removed entirely once we correct for the recently uncovered systematic variation of IMF with M*; and (2) for M* < 1010 M☉, there is no trend between NCL and M*, the scatter in TN is significantly larger (approaching two orders of magnitude), and there is evidence to support a previous, independent suggestion of two families of galaxies. The behavior of NCL in the lower-mass systems is more difficult to measure because these systems are inherently cluster-poor, but our results may add to previous evidence that large variations in cluster formation and destruction efficiencies are to be found among low-mass galaxies. The average fraction of stellar mass in clusters is ∼0.0014 for M* > 1010 M☉ and can be as large as ∼0.02 for less massive galaxies. These are the first results from the S4G sample of galaxies and will be enhanced by the sample of early-type galaxies now being added to S4G and complemented by the study of later-type galaxies within S4G.
Policies for Mixed Communities: A Critical Evaluation

This paper challenges the belief that mixed community policies can effectively tackle poverty or reduce income inequality, on the basis that residential segregation is essentially a consequence not a cause of income inequality. The ideal of mixed communities as a mechanism for achieving social equality is firmly established in policy. However, to show that mixed neighbourhoods can reduce poverty or improve individuals’ life chances, requires evidence that living in a deprived neighbourhood makes residents (and their children) materially worse off than they would otherwise have been over the long run, by restricting residents’ capacity to develop their talents, networks and employability, and thus increasing the risks of them becoming, or staying, poor. In fact, though, the research evidence suggests that an individual’s characteristics, economic outcomes and life chances are very insensitive to the neighbourhood in which they live. Neighbourhood characteristics are symptoms not causes of individual poverty. Planning for a more even residential mix of rich, poor and the middle mass could reduce measured spatial income disparities to some degree, but this would be merely a concealment of the underlying problem. It is also likely to cost substantial resources to maintain. Relieving poverty effectively means tackling the factors which make people poor – at an individual and family level - not moving poor people to more affluent neighbourhoods, or leavening poor neighbourhoods with more affluent residents.
Socioeconomic resources and living arrangements of older adults in Lebanon: who chooses to live alone?

ABSTRACT During recent decades, Lebanon has experienced demographic and social changes which, coupled with political instability, have led to waves of youth migration and a higher proportion of older adults living alone. This paper uses the 2004 data of the ‘Pan Arab Project for Family Health’ to assess the levels of various living arrangements and to examine the correlates of living alone, with a focus on economic resources. The findings reveal that 12 per cent of older adults in Lebanon lived alone (17.3 per cent of women and 6.2 per cent of men). Financially better-off older adults and those who reported being satisfied with their income were, respectively, 4.4 and 1.7 times significantly more likely to live alone than their counterparts. The incomes of Lebanese older adults were mainly provided by their children (74.8%) and a relatively small share derived from pension schemes. Contrary to findings from other Arab countries, variations in living arrangements among Lebanese older adults seem to follow the western model whereby wealthier older individuals are more likely to live alone and to be residentially independent. Further studies are warranted to examine to what extent this trend is the result of past migration of adult children who are now established elsewhere and sending remittances home.
CLASSICAL OPTIMIZATION OF BAGASSE ASH CONTENT IN CEMENT-STABILIZED LATERITIC SOIL

Optimization of construction materials with laboratory data is a very possible way of minimizing waste of resources (materials and cost). There had been several successful attempts of optimization of construction materials. However, optimization in soil stabilization for road-work has been very rare because of its complexities. Compaction, California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength and durability tests were carried out on cement-stabilized soil. Constant cement contents of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% with variations of bagasse ash from 0% to 20% at 2% intervals and all percentages used were by the weight of dry soil. The classical method was applied in this work to optimize the amount of bagasse ash content in cement-stabilized lateritic soil. Geometric models that govern the relationships of cost of bagasse ash content, cement content, optimum moisture content and strength characteristics of the stabilized-soil matrix were used to develop non-linear programming model. Then it was linearized and solved using the simplex method with sensitivity analysis. The optimal solution at the desired unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio for sub-base of road-work for bagasse ash content, cement content and optimum moisture content were found to be 14.03%, 4.52% and 22.46% respectively. Optimzation and the use of bagasse ash gave a cost benefit of 9.24% with a better mix. The classical optimization technique appears to be suitable in soil stabilization. http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v35i3. 3
Exploring dynamical phase transitions and prethermalization with quantum noise of excitations

(Received 5 September 2014; revised manuscript received 4 May 2015; published 26 May 2015) Dynamical phase transitions can occur in isolated quantum systems that are brought out of equilibrium by sudden parameter changes. We discuss the characterization of such dynamical phase transitions based on the statistics of produced excitations. We consider both the O(N) model in the large-N limit and a spin model with long-range interactions and show that the dynamical criticality of their prethermal steady states manifests most dramatically not in the average number of excitations but in their higher moments. We argue that the growth of defect fluctuations carries unique signatures of the dynamical criticality, irrespective of the precise details of the model. Our theoretical results should be relevant to quantum quench experiments with ultracold bosonic atoms in optical lattices.
INVESTIGATION OF WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITION DURING POST- ANTHESIS STAGE

Nine wheat genotypes (DM-81-6, DM-82-1, Bahar, DN-11, DN-7, Pishtaz, WS-82-9, C-85-6 and C-84-12) were grown on research farm in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj (Iran), under two water regimes ( normal irrigation and no irrigation in post-anthesis growth stage) and in two growing seasons, to determine the effect of water regime on quality traits. Quality analyses were performed on grains: protein content, moisture content, hardness index, falling number, wet gluten, dry gluten, gluten index, zeleny sedimentation volume, bread volume and SDS sedimentation volume. The quality traits have differences among the genotypes. Water stress in the grain filling period was found to affect quality parameters. An increase in protein content, falling number, gluten index, dry gluten and SDS sedimentation volume, consistent with a decrease in grain yield, 1000 grains weight, bread volume and moisture content was observed when a terminal water stress happened. Likely water stress associated to with high temperature which in general happens under Mediterranean conditions over grain development, may have caused a higher accumulation of quality parameters.
Strong Normality, Modular Normality, and Flat Polynomials: Applications of Probability in Number Theory and Analysis

We use probabilistic methods, along with other techniques, to address three topics in number theory and analysis. Champernowne's number is well known to be normal, but the digits are highly patterned. The definition of normality reflects the convergence in frequency of the digits of a random number, but the behaviour of the discrepancy is better described by the law of the iterated logarithm. We use this to define "strong normality," and find that almost all numbers are strongly normal, and strongly normal numbers are normal. However, the base-2 Champernowne number is not strongly normal in the base 2. We use a method of Sierpinski to construct a number strongly normal in every base. Next, we define normality of an integer sequence modulo an integer q; this is a refinement of the existing notion of uniform distribution modulo q. If alpha is normal in the base r, the sequence given by the integer part of r^n alpha is uniformly distributed modulo every integer q > 1; however, the sequence is normal modulo q if and only if q divides r. This particular sequence does show pseudorandom behaviour modulo every q > r; we define "base-r normality modulo q" to capture this behaviour. The third topic concerns flat polynomials. A sequence of polynomials is "flat" if its values on the unit circle are bounded above and below by absolute constant multiples of p^n, where n is the degree. Beck showed that there exist flat sequences of polynomials with coefficients that are l-th roots of unity, for every l greater than some lower bound. Beck gave a lower bound of 400, but we correct a minor error in his proof and show that this should have been 851. Beck relied on a constant from Spencer's work on the discrepancy of linear forms. We repeat Spencer's calculation, slightly improving the value of his constant and giving a new bound of 492. An improvement of Spencer's method, due to Kai-Uwe Schmidt, allows us to lower the bound to 345.
Cattle Distribution on Steep Slopes.

Range managers in mountainous country are constantly faced with the problem of determining the proportion of the range that can be used readily by cattle. They know in a general way that steepness of slope, roughness of terrain, distance from water, and type of vegetation influence animal distribution. However, specific quantitative inf o rm at i on about the relative importance of these factors to the total problem of animal distribution and, consequently, patterns of grazing use, is needed to guide management effectively. This paper reports a study designed to provide such quantita*tive information about the effects of slope steepness on distribution of animals. Its intent is to guide ranchers in managing grazing on steep slopes. Earlier studies reported the effect of availability of water (Holscher and Woolfolk, 1953; Talbot, 1926; Valentine, 1947), the desirability of improving distribution of water (Costello and Driscoll, 1957; Goebel, 1956), and how steep slopes and rough topography hinder cattle movement (Phinney, 1950; Stoddart, 1960). Inaccessible and partly accessible areas should be discounted in computing stocking rates for moderate use of readily accessible range.
The effect of probiotic preparation enriched with selenium on performance parameters of laying hens.

The effects of the diet for laying hens supplemented with probiotic product with an organic form of selenium on body weight, egg production, feeed consumption and feed conversion were studied in this experiment. Isa Brown hens (n=90) were randomly divided at the age of 17 weeks into three groups (30 birds per group). Hens in all groups consumed the complete feed mixture ad libitum . In the control group water for drinking contained no additions. In the first experimental group probiotic product was added to the water, in the second experimental group the same probiotic prreparation enriched with O.8 to 1 mg of organic selenium per 1 g of the product was added to the water. The probiotic preparations were administered at the dose of 15 mg per 6 l of water daily, in both experimental groups. Experiment lasted 48 weeks. Hen´s body weight (g±SD) at the end of breeding period was within the groups as follows (in order Control–1st and 2nd experimental group): 1882.25±223.68, 1878.73±209.87 and 1860.15±190.90, P>0.05. Between the groups were recorded relatively balanced values in the consumption of food per feeding day, even in the experimental groups werelower feed consumption per eggs, as well as feed conversion recorded, no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) was achieved. Feed conversion was in the order of groups of 2.51, 2.33 and 2.24 kg. During the whole period, the number of eggs per hen was as follows: 274.36; 292.04 and 299.0 pieces. Average number of eggs per hen per month in the order of groups was 22.86±6.76; 24.33±5.93 and 24.91±6.21 pc (mean±SD). Higher egg production, but no statistically significant (P>0.05) was achieved in both experimental groups. The average laying intensity achieved values of 80.42, 81.15 and 83.30%, values of egg mass production per hen were 16.37, 18.14 and 17.61 kg. The results showed that addition of probiotic preparation and probiotic preparation enriched with organic selenium increased egg production and reduced consumption of feed per eggs, but statistically insignificantly. The other performance indicators showed no major influence of the addition compared with the results of the control group.
Secondary compounds characterization in some autochtonous species from a North-Eastern region of Tunisia

Several native species were collected in the region of Zaghouan (eastern-north of Tunisia, semi-arid) in order to evaluate their chemical diversity for an eventual animal use context, during the period of spring 2011. Some secondary compounds were determined by colorimetric quantification in leaves and twigs. Essential oils from these species were extracted by hydro-distillation and then analyzed using gas chromatography technique, coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results showed that among the studied species, Myrtus communis presented the highest total polyphenol (101.3 mg GAE/g DM), while Artemisia herba-alba and Ruta Chalepensis were the lowest ones (13.2 and 13.7 mg GAE/g DM respective ly). Condensed tannin content in Juniperus phoenicea (43.8 mg CE/g DM) was largely higher than in all the other species, in which it ranged approximately between 1 and 5 mg/g DM. In addition, saponin content was the utmost in J. phoenicea (25.2 mg/g DM) as compared to the others species, where it varied between almost 6 and 13 mg/g DM. The amount of flavonoids varied widely between 28.6 and 5.1 mg/g DM in Mentha pelagium and M. communis respectively. Essential oils of all species were composed of wide pools of identified components. For instance, the main compounds were 1.8-cineol in Rosmarinus officinalis (39%), thymol (61.3%) in Thymus vulgaris, and carvacrol (64.8%) in A. herba-alba. It was concluded that the vegetal diversity in the studied area presented a consequent chemical diversity, available for animals as fed in grazing or in housing conditions. These bioactive molecules, mainly essential oils, may be used for their antimicrobial actions to improve animal health and performance. In thi s connection, in vitro studies are currently carried out in our laboratory.
A Rssi Based Localization Algorithm for WSN Using a Mobile Anchor Node

Wireless sensor networks are attracting a great deal of research interest. One of the most interesting researches in these networks is localization of sensor nodes whose accurate is a strong requirement in many applications. In recent years, several techniques have been proposed for localization in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we present a localization scheme using only one mobile anchor station with receiving signal strength indicator technique, which reduces average localization errors and execution time. The satisfactory simulation results and also comparison of localization errors and execution time between our scheme and similar previous schemes depicts the efficiency of proposed method against previous schemes.
Influences on British South Asian women’s choice of teaching as a career: “you’re either a career person or a family person; teaching kind of fits in the middle”

This article reports the findings of the first year of a four year research project into the influences on British South Asian women’s choice of teaching as a career. Trainees from minority ethnic groups on a secondary PGCE (Postgraduate Certificate in Education) course in the English West Midlands were invited to discuss, both in focus groups and in response to semi‐structured interview questions, the reasons why they chose to enter teacher training and the issues they faced during the training period. The results reported here highlight the strong, positive influences of family and culture on the trainees’ choice of career, and their perceptions of why teaching offers them flexible and high status employment at the point of career entry. Subsequent research has tracked these trainees’ at the culmination of their first year of teaching, and will also monitor their views at the end of their third year in schools. The study is located in the UK, referring to both policy and literature relevant to this context. In contrast to the findings of much published research into the experiences of minority ethnic trainees in Initial Teacher Training (ITT) in the UK, which present negative perceptions of the training process, this study found that British South Asian women were broadly positive about the courses they took, their relationships with tutors, teachers and mentors, and the provision made for them by partnership schools. They were mainly optimistic about their prospects of career advancement and confident that they could combine a job in the teaching profession with other life demands relating to family, religious faith, culture and community.
Primary health care models and suitability for provision of e-services: an overview.

We present an overview of the most frequently distributed types of primary health care (PHC) models of delivery across different countries and cultural environments. We summarise and describe most important definitions, principles of classification, attributes, necessary conditions (e.g., patient-management systems, electronic health records, ICT platforms) and organisation and key performance indicators (KPI) for functioning of the primary health care systems. We review and explore the suitability of different PHC models for provision of electronic (e-) services.
Genetic diversity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants-regenerants produced by anther culture

Изучено генетическое разнообразие растений-регенерантов пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.), которые созданы методом культуры пыльников из гибридов, используемых в селекции этой культуры в Латвии. Метод проточной цитометрии применяли для определения плоидности каждого зеленого растения-регенеранта. В свою очередь, универсальным iPBS (inter primer binding sites) методом, основанном на анализе характерных последовательностей ретротранспозонов, определяли генетическое разнообразие этих растений. Анализу подвергали потомство 13 гибридов различного происхождения. В листьях большинства растений были миксоплоидные клетки. Семена дали только растения, имеющие клетки с плоидностью 2n = 6x. Большинство фертильных растений содержало в листьях более чем 40 % гексаплоидных (6x) клеток. Доля гексаплоидных клеток и их распределение по плоидности зависели от генотипа материнского гибридного растения. Доля спонтанной диплоидизации также зависела от генотипа растения. В описываемом эксперименте колхицинирование не оказало достоверного влияния на выход фертильных растений. У одного гибридного растения обнаружена новая доминантная аллель, отсутствующая у обоих родите лей, что указывает на возможное передвижение ретро транс позонов. Генетическое разнообразие растений-регенерантов, созданных методом культуры пыльников, вызвано как расщеплением родительских аллелей, так и сомаклональной изменчивостью.