Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic identification of unknown names with specific roles

Automatically identifying persons in a particular role within a large corpus can be a difficult task, especially if you don’t know who you are actually looking for. Resources compiling names of persons can be available, but no exhaustive lists exist. However, such lists usually contain known names that are “visible” in the national public sphere, and tend to ignore the marginal and international ones. In this article we propose a method for automatically generating suggestions of names found in a corpus of Norwegian news articles, and which “naturally” belong to a given initial list of members, and that were not known (compiled in a list) beforehand. The approach is based, in part, on the assumption that surface level syntactic features reveal parts of the underlying semantic content and can help uncover the structure of the language.
Heavy metal content and antimicrobial activities of some Naturally occurring facial cosmetics in Nigeria

Cosmetics are products, chemical or natural applied to the face or body to improve appearance. However, concern for our physical appearance must be balanced with finding conscientious means by which to care for our skin and our health in general. Naturally occurring facial cosmetic samples (calabash stone and black antimony) were assessed for their heavy metal contents and antibacterial activities. The samples were digested using aqua regia (HNO 3 and HCl). The digested samples were analyzed for lead, cadmium, chromium and zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) Perkin Elmer Analyst 200. The cosmetics were screened against selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria using agar broth diffusion assay. Calabash chalk is relatively safer to use compared to black antimony which has higher concentrations of the metals investigated. The range of the geometric mean for the cosmetics samples were found to be: Pb, 3.74-171. 14μg/g; Cd, 0.10-0.56 μg/g; Cr, 0.39-7.69 μg/g; and Zn, 0.07-251. 60μg/g. Zinc and Lead were high in black antimony. Calabash chalk possessed moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogene s but showed no bioactivity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Black antimony, however, showed considerable antibacterial activity even against P. aeruginosa. These cosmetics when used continuously, entirely or as additives in cosmetic or personal care products will expose users to low level metal poisoning. Bioccumulation of the metals may lead to deleterious human health effects. The use of black antimony as cosmetics should be discouraged because of the high content of lead and cadmium. Further study to explore the potential antibacterial activity of the cosmetics materials is suggested. Key words: Heavy Metals, Lead, Cadmium, Cosmetics, Antibacterial, Health Effects
Quality Evaluation of Mobile Networks Using VoIP Applications: A Case Study with Skype and LINE based-on Stationary Tests in Bangkok

This paper presents the performance evaluation of 3G mobile networks for one kind of multimedia application called Voice over IP (VoIP) within Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, using Line and Skype, two popular VoIP applications. This study used evaluation of voice quality provided by both applications. The tests have been conducted using stationary scenarios over 5 major 3G mobile networks, served by 5 operators, within 14 universities in the inner city of Bangkok in order to gather data of degraded speech files. Then, the data was measured using Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) to find Mean Opinion Score (MOS) before analyzing with ANOVA and T-test, which are statistical tools, so that the discussion and conclusion can be eventually derived.
THE STATE OF THE ART AND THE STATE OF THE PRACTICE The Role of Meta-Information in C2 Decision-Support Systems Cognitive Domain Issues, C2 Analysis C2 Concepts and Organizations Submission Number: C-100

Command and control (C2) in complex, dynamic, high-risk warfighting environments is clearly challenging, particularly because of the increasing complexity of available technology for processing and presenting information. Commanders need to understand and act on large volumes of information from a variety of sources and are particularly challenged by the need to reason about the qualifiers of that information, which we will refer to as meta-information (e.g., uncertainty, recency, pedigree). We have explored the role of meta-information in C2 using Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) techniques to identify when and how, in current practice, human interaction with meta-information impacts decision-making, especially when that decision-making is supported by automation. Too often critical meta-information is not processed, ineffectively displayed, or not displayed at all in existing C2 decision support systems. The result of our analyses is a number of design recommendations for C2 decision-support systems and guidelines for identifying and recognizing the need for meta-information processing and display. In this paper, we present the results of our analyses and discuss their implications with respect to the design of human-system interfaces and the development of computational information processing methods.
Mix-and-Match: A Model-Driven Runtime Optimisation Strategy for BFS on GPUs

It is universally accepted that the performance of graph algorithms is heavily dependent on the algorithm, the execution platform, and the structure of the input graph. This variability remains difficult to predict and hinders the choice of the right algorithm for a given problem. In this work, we focus on a case study: breadth-first search (BFS), a level-based graph traversal algorithm, running on GPUs. We first demonstrate the severity of this variability by presenting 32 variations of 5 implementation strategies for GPU-enabled BFS, and showing how selecting one single algorithm for the entire traversal can significantly limit performance. To alleviate these performance losses, we propose to mix-and-match, at runtime, different algorithms to compose the best performing BFS traversal. Our approach is based on two novel elements: a predictive model, based on a decision tree, which is able to dynamically select the best performing algorithm for each BFS level, and a quick context switch between algorithms, which limits the overhead of the combined BFS. We demonstrate empirically that our dynamic switching BFS achieves better performance, outperforming our non-switching implementations by 2x and existing state-of-the-art GPU BFS implementations by 3x. We conclude that mix-and-match BFS is a competitive approach for doing fast graph traversal, while being easily extended to include more BFS implementations and easily adaptable to other types of processors or specific types of graphs.
Computational Study for Analysis of the Potential for Drag Reduction for Flow around a Circular Cylinder and Cactus-Shaped Cylinders

In the present paper, computational investigations of drag reduction on a smooth circular cylinder and cactus-shaped cylinders have been performed. The numerical study was performed using commercial CFD software Star CCM+ solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations at a Reynolds number of 140000. The k-ω model was tested. At first, the simulations were run for two-dimensional (2-D) smooth circular cylinders where three different domain sizes and eighteen different meshes for each domain size were considered. Therefore, 18 simulations were run for each domain size i.e. 54 simulations in total for the smooth circular cylinder. After analyzing the results obtained a suitable and best domain size and mesh were selected to further progress with the analysis of two-dimensional cactus shaped cylinder. For the analysis of cactus shaped cylinder, 20 variants i.e. 20 simulations of cactus geometry were investigated with 4 different numbers of peaks and 5 different numbers of amplitudes. Finally, the computational results obtained for drag coefficients, mean pressure distribution, mean stream wise velocity distribution and also the Strouhal frequency of vortex shedding were validated against experimental data. For cactus-shaped cylinders, results obtained for 20 peaks/bumps and 8 amplitudes showed reduction in drag, the surface pressure had better recovery, the wake turbulent velocity was lower, the Strouhal numbers were lesser and the mean stream wise velocity healed faster.
Complementarity between human capital and trade in regional technological progress

The effect of openness and trade orientation on economic growth remains a highly contentious issue in the literature. Trade facilitates the spread of knowledge and the adoption of more advanced and efficient technologies, which hastens total factor productivity (TFP) growth and, hence, per capita income. New technologies that spread through trade require a sufficiently skilled labour force to adapt them to the domestic productive environment. Thus, openness and human capital accumulation will lead to TFP growth and the greater the complementarity between both variables, the higher the TFP growth. This paper discusses the implications of these assumptions and tests their empirical validity, using a pool of data for manufacturing industry in Spanish regions in a period in which both the stock of human capital and openness experienced a notable increase.
Simultaneous lidar and EOS MLS measurements, and modeling, of a rare polar ozone filament event over Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii

In mid‐March 2005, a rare lower stratospheric polar vortex filamentation event was observed simultaneously by the JPL lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, and by the EOS MLS instrument onboard the Aura satellite. The event coincided with the beginning of the spring 2005 final warming. On 16 March, the filament was observed by lidar around 0600 UT between 415 K and 455 K, and by MLS six hours earlier. It was seen on both the lidar and MLS profiles as a layer of enhanced ozone, peaking at 1.7 ppmv in a region where the climatological values are usually around or below 1 ppmv. Ozone profiles measured by lidar and MLS were compared to profiles from the Chemical Transport Model MIMOSA‐CHIM. The agreement between lidar, MLS, and the model is excellent considering the difference in the sampling techniques. MLS was also able to identify the filament at another location north of Hawaii.
Dynamics of Polystyrene Melts through Hierarchical Multiscale Simulations

A quantitative understanding and prediction of the dynamics of entangled polymer melts is a long-standing problem. In this work we present results about the dynamical and rheological properties of atactic polystyrene melts, obtained from a hierarchical approach that combines atomistic and coarse-grained dynamic simulations of unentangled and entangled systems. By comparing short chain atomistic and coarse-grained simulations, the time mapping constant is determined. Self-diffusion coefficients, after correcting for the chain end free volume effect, show a transition from Rouse to reptation-like behavior. In addition, the entanglement molecular weight is calculated through a primitive path analysis. All properties are compared to experimental data.
Development, persistence, and variability of upwelling filaments off the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula

The development, persistence, and variability of upwelling filaments off the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula are examined by means of advanced very high resolution radiometer infrared imagery observed between 1982 and 1990. These observations indicate that the regime is broadly similar to that observed in the California Current system and is closely related to the large scale wind climatology of the subtropical gyre. Upwelling generally starts in late May or early June and persists until late September or early October. In May or June, a narrow band of cold water of quite uniform width is observed along much of the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula. This band has a “fringed” appearance; that is it consists of many narrow “fingers” of cool water extending 20–30 km offshore. The major filament structures generally do not begin to form until late July or August. The filaments appear first as bulges in the upwelling front. These bulges grow offshore to form filaments that reach their maximum length (200–250 km) in September. The lengths of the filaments gradually decrease until the filaments become relatively rare in late October. Typically, five or six fully developed filaments are observed off the Iberian Peninsula late in the upwelling season. Most of these are associated with major topographic features of the region, in particular the large capes which are common to the north and south of the peninsula. It is therefore postulated that the dominant dynamical processes related to filament formation off Iberia is topographic forcing. The exceptions are two major filaments commonly observed along the more regular coastline of northern Portugal. It is hypothesized that these filaments are formed by flow instabilities resulting in meandering of the southward flowing jet. These instabilities may possibly be initiated by the large capes of northern Spain.
A re-examination of host relations in the Aphelinidae ( H ymenoptera : Chalcidoidea )

Host relations arnong the Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are highly intriguing from an evolutionary view. Females are usua1ly primary endoparasitoids ofwhiteflies or scale insects, whereas the development of the male is different and has been used for classification. In heteronomous hyperparasitoids (adelphoparasitoids or autoparasitoids) the male develops as a hyperparasitoid of conspecific females or other endoparasitoid species. We review the consequences of this mode of development which is unique because decisions concerning host selection are inextricably linked with progeny sex ratio. Autoparasitoid field sex ratios can fluctuate drarnatica1ly concurrent with changes in the relative availability of male and female hosts. A recent adaptive explanation for these sex ratios involves understanding the reproductive constraints acting on heteronomous parasitoids. Host relations in these parasitoids can show a degree of plasticity. We argue that in many instances autoparasitism mar be facultative in nature and should not be used for classification. Heterotrophic parasitism, wherein the male develops as a primary parasitoid oflepidopterous eggs, has been poorly understood in the past due to uncertainties in reports of the biology and taxonomy of heterotrophic parasitoids. The host relations of this group are clarified.
Fixed and Random Effects Models for Count Data

The most familiar fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) panel data treatments for count data were proposed by Hausman, Hall and Griliches (HHG) (1984). The Poisson FE model is particularly simple and is one of a small few known models in which the incidental parameters problem is, in fact, not a problem. The same is not true of the negative binomial (NB) model. Researchers are sometimes surprised to find that the HHG formulation of the FENB model allows an overall constant - a quirk that has also been documented elsewhere. We resolve the source of the ambiguity, and consider the difference between the HHG FENB model and a "true" FENB model that appears in the familiar index function form. The familiar RE Poisson model using a log gamma heterogeneity term produces the NB model. The HHG RE NB model is also unlike what might seem the natural application in which the heterogeneity term appears as an additive common effect in the conditional mean. We consider the lognormal model as an alternative RENB model in which the common effect appears in a natural index function form.
Multiplicative Weights Updates as a distributed constrained optimization algorithm: Convergence to second-order stationary points almost always

Non-concave maximization has been the subject of much recent study in the optimization and machine learning communities, specifically in deep learning. Recent papers Ge et al, Lee et al (and references therein) indicate that first order methods work well and avoid saddle points. Results as in Lee et al, however, are limited to the \textit{unconstrained} case or for cases where the critical points are in the interior of the feasibility set, which fail to capture some of the most interesting applications. In this paper we focus on \textit{constrained} non-concave maximization. We analyze a variant of a well-established algorithm in machine learning called Multiplicative Weights Update (MWU) for the maximization problem $\max_{\mathbf{x} \in D} P(\mathbf{x})$, where $P$ is non-concave, twice continuously differentiable and $D$ is a product of simplices. We show that MWU converges almost always for small enough stepsizes to critical points that satisfy the second order KKT conditions. We combine techniques from dynamical systems as well as taking advantage of a recent connection between Baum Eagon inequality and MWU (Palaiopanos et al).
This is a postprint version of the following published document: C. Santiuste, J. Díaz-Álvarez, X. Soldani, and H. Miguélez. Modelling thermal effects in machining of carbon fiber reinforced polymer

Machining-induced damage is commonly observed when manufacturing components based on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Despite the importance of thermal effects in machining CFRPs, this problem has been poorly analyzed in the literature. Predictive tools are not available for thermal phenomena involved during cutting, while only few experimental studies have been found. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of orthogonal machining of CFRPs including thermal effects is presented. Predicted thermal and mechanical intralaminar damage showed strong influence of fiber orientation. Thermally affected area was larger than mechanically damaged zone. This fact confirms the importance of accounting for thermal effects when modelling CFRP machining.
Impact of eight isolates of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) from Gagnoa (Côte d’Ivoire) on rice ( Oryza sp) cultivars production

Rice yellow mottle virus, of the genus Sobemovirus, causes a major disease in Africa especially in the lowland and irrigated rice ecologies. Yield losses due to the virus were estimated between 5-100% and depend on genotype. This study, conducted in a screen house, aimed at assessing the impact of eight RYMV isolates from a restrictive environment Gagnoa (Cote d’Ivoire) on 10 differential rice varieties. The plants were inoculated manually by rubbing the leaves from the leaf base to the tip with fingers moistened with inoculum. Virus content and percentage yield reduction of different rice cultivars have been assessed. Result showed that an important variability was observed in the reaction of different rice genotypes infected by different isolates of RYMV. In susceptible cultivars Bouake 189, PNA647F4-56 and H232-44-1-1 virus content and yield reduction varied respectively from 0.08 to 0.264 and 20 to 95%. In resistant cultivars, Gigante, Lac 23, Moroberekan and Faro 11, virus content and yield reduction varied respectively from 0.03 to 0.188 and 5 to 17%. The lowest virus content and yield reduction was observed with the isolate 7 from upland rice. The significant difference in the interaction observed between the different genotypes of rice and isolates of RYMV suggested the existence of different strains of RYMV within a restrictive environment. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: AfricaRice, Sobemovirus, aggressive, virus content, yield reduction, virulence
Quantitative precipitation estimation based on high-resolution numerical weather prediction and data assimilation with WRF – a performance test

Quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting (QPE and QPF) are among the most challenging tasks in atmospheric sciences. In this work, QPE based on numerical modelling and data assimilation is investigated. Key components are the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in combination with its 3D variational assimilation scheme, applied on the convection-permitting scale with sophisticated model physics over central Europe. The system is operated in a 1-hour rapid update cycle and processes a large set of in situ observations, data from French radar systems, the European GPS network and satellite sensors. Additionally, a free forecast driven by the ECMWF operational analysis is included as a reference run representing current operational precipitation forecasting. The verification is done both qualitatively and quantitatively by comparisons of reflectivity, accumulated precipitation fields and derived verification scores for a complex synoptic situation that developed on 26 and 27 September 2012. The investigation shows that even the downscaling from ECMWF represents the synoptic situation reasonably well. However, significant improvements are seen in the results of the WRF QPE setup, especially when the French radar data are assimilated. The frontal structure is more defined and the timing of the frontal movement is improved compared with observations. Even mesoscale band-like precipitation structures on the rear side of the cold front are reproduced, as seen by radar. The improvement in performance is also confirmed by a quantitative comparison of the 24-hourly accumulated precipitation over Germany. The mean correlation of the model simulations with observations improved from 0.2 in the downscaling experiment and 0.29 in the assimilation experiment without radar data to 0.56 in the WRF QPE experiment including the assimilation of French radar data.
An empirical analysis of health effects from electrification : evidence from Norway 1900-1921

Does access to electricity from hydroelectricity plants affect the health of a population? The aim of this thesis is to analyze the health effects from hydroelectricity at a time when electrification was more or less synonymous with gaining access to electric light from simple light bulbs. Exploiting data on health and the roll out of hydroelectricity plants in Norway in the period from 1900 to 1921, we assess the relationship between electrification and three health variables: infant mortality, tuberculosis and diarrhea. Utilizing a staggered differences-in-differences approach, we find a positive effect of electrification on health. This implies that access to even simple electric appliances has positive consequences for health standards. The findings are interesting in two regards. Firstly, they contribute to the existing literature on the modernization and industrialization of Norway, as well as to the previous literature on health effects from electrification. Secondly, they are interesting in a contemporary policy perspective, as about 15 percent of the world population lack access to electricity today. Our findings are consistent with the previous literature, although the estimated effect is smaller in magnitude. Partly, this can be explained by the simplicity of the appliances resulting from electrification at the time. Also, our estimated effects are intention-to-treat effects averaged across the entire population, whereas the actual effect in treated households is likely to be larger in magnitude.