Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le 1% le plus riche : L'exception québécoise

Un bilan rigoureux et incontournable de la croissance des inegalites et un avertissement salutaire quant a la pertinence et aux limites du modele quebecois (Alain Noel, professeur de science politique, Universite de Montreal). En analysant l’evolution du 1% le plus riche au Quebec, Nicolas Zorn montre bien comment les institutions jouent un role crucial dans la moderation ou l’elargissement des inegalites, bien davantage que l’innovation technologique ou la mondialisation. Ce livre est important pour ceux qui se preoccupent de l’accroissement des ecarts de revenus et il explique ce que nos societes peuvent accomplir pour s’en premunir (Emmanuel Saez, professeur d’economie, UC Berkeley). Ce livre fournit la description la plus complete et la plus claire sur le 1% quebecois, et est porteur d’une lecon essentielle : l’augmentation des inegalites n’est pas ineluctable, c’est avant tout un choix politique (Gabriel Zucman, professeur adjoint d’economie, UC Berkeley). Nicolas Zorn est analyste de politiques a l’Institut du Nouveau Monde et doctorant en science politique a l’Universite de Montreal. Specialiste des inegalites economiques, il a ecrit plusieurs etudes sur le sujet.
Effects of probiotic dietary supplementation on diarrhoea patterns, faecal microbiota and performance of early weaned calves

Twenty Lithuanian Black-and-White calves (10 bulls, 10 heifers) were used to evaluate the effects of the supplemental probiotic product, Enterococcus faecium M74 (2.4 g/day/calve), added to fresh milk and skimmed milk in a 56 day-study. The probiotic was administered by dietary supplementation to first group of calves and their respective pens (probiotic group), whereas the second group (control group) received no probiotic supple - mentation. The results of this trial indicate positive effects of the probiotic product Enterococcus faecium M74. The actual percentage of calves with diarrhoea was reduced from 50 % to 20% among the calves fed the pre-and probiotic diet. Probiotic supplementation reduced the faecal count of clostridia and enterococci. The calves fed Enterococcus faecium M74 weighed more at 20, 40 and 62 days of age by 4.9%, by 9.7% ( P < 0.05) and by 9.4% (P < 0.01), respectively, than the control calves. The calves fed Enterococcus faecium M74 had increased daily weight gains compared with the calves not fed a probiotic product. The average weight gain and the daily weight gain of the probiotic-supplemented calves were by 7.8 kg ( P < 0.01) and by 0.14 kg higher ( P < 0.01) compared with the control calves. The calves given the Enterococcus faecium M74 also had forage and total DM intakes that were numerically higher than those fed the control diet, without any additive. During the 56 days experimental period, the average feed conversion rate was improved by 12.9% in the probiotic-treated group.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Scientific disagreement and evidential pluralism: Lessons from the studies on hypercholesterolemia

Inconsistencies between scientific theories have been studied, by and large, from the perspective of paraconsistent logic. This approach considered the formal properties of theories and the structure of inferences one can legitimately draw from theories. However, inconsistencies can be also analysed from the perspective of modelling practices, in particular how modelling practices may lead scientists to form opinions and attitudes that are different, but not necessarily inconsistent (from a logical point of view). In such cases, it is preferable to talk about disagreement, rather than inconsistency. Disagreement may originate in, or concern, a number of epistemic, socio-political or psychological factors. In this paper, we offer an account of the ‘ loci and reasons ’ for disagreement at different stages of the scientific process. We then present a controversial episode in the health sciences: the studies on hypercholesterolemia. The causes and effects of high levels of cholesterol in blood have been long and hotly debated, to the point of deserving the name of ‘ cholesterol wars ’ ; the debate, to be sure, isn ’ t settled yet. In this contribution, we focus on some selected loci and reasons for disagreement that occurred between 1920 and 1994 in the studies on hypercholesterolemia. We hope that our analysis of ‘ loci and reasons ’ for disagreement may shed light on the cholesterol wars, and possibly on other episodes of scientific disagreement.
Monoclonal antibodies inhibit the adhesion of mouse B 16 melanoma cells in vitro and block lung metastasis in vivo.

Seven monoclonal antibodies against mouse B 16 melanoma cells (produced in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice) were selected that blocked the adhesion of melanoma cells to tissue culture dishes. These antibodies were found to be directed against antigens on the surface of mouse B 16 melanoma cells but not on normal mouse cells such as 3T3 fibroblasts. Similarly, the antigens could not be detected in normal mouse tissues (e.g., lung, kidney, liver) but were found in lungs colonized by B 16 melanoma cells. Significantly, three of these antibodies virtually abolished lung colonization of highly invasive B 16 sublines injected into the animals' bloodstream. They exerted their effect both when preabsorbed by the melanoma cell in vitro and when delivered to the animals prior to the tumor cells. It is suggested that monoclonal antibodies might be a promising tool for preventing metastasis.
Dissociating apathy and depression in Parkinson disease

Objective: To examine the hypothesis that apathy is a core feature of Parkinson disease (PD) and that apathy can be dissociated from depression. Methods: Eighty patients with PD and 20 patients with dystonia completed depression and apathy measures including the Marin Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Centers for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: There was a significantly higher severity and frequency of apathy in PD (frequency = 51%, 41/80) than in dystonia (frequency = 20%, 4/20). Apathy in the absence of depression was frequent in PD and did not occur in dystonia (PD = 28.8%, dystonia = 0%). Conclusions: Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) experienced significantly higher frequency and severity of apathy when compared with patients with dystonia. Apathy may be a “core” feature of PD and occurs in the absence of depression.
Efficient Dynamic Channel Allocation Techniques with Handover Queuing for Mobile Satellite Networks

Efficient dynamic channel allocation techniques with handover queuing suitable for applications in mobile satellite cellular networks, are discussed. The channel assignment on demand is performed on the basis of the evaluation of a suitable cost function. Geostationary and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been considered. In order to highlight the better performance of the dynamic techniques proposed, a performance comparison with a classical fixed channel allocation (FCA) has been carried out, as regards the probability that a newly arriving call is not completely served. It has also been shown that a higher traffic density, with respect to GEO systems, is manageable by means of LEO satellites. >
Renal function outcomes following selective angioembolization for iatrogenic vascular lesions after partial nephrectomy.

PURPOSE To report one of the largest series of clinical and renal function outcomes of treated iatrogenic vascular lesions (IVL) after partial nephrectomy (PN). Angioembolization (AE) is the treatment of choice for patients with these lesions, but the additional renal injury conferred by this treatment has not been well described. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who underwent open, laparoscopic, or robot-assisted PN from 2002 to 2012 were identified and those with AE were selected. Patients' charts were reviewed, and renal function was analyzed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification before and after PN and AE. RESULTS There were 849 patients who underwent PN and an IVL developed in 28 (3.3%). Twenty (71%) presented with gross hematuria at a mean of 10.2 ± 7.7 days after PN and 8 (28%) needed transfusion. All patients had identifiable IVL at the time of selective AE, and technical success was achieved in 24/28 (86%), although 4 needed subsequent additional AE. The paired decrease in eGFR after PN was significant (P<0.01), while the paired change in eGFR after AE was not with either short-term (2.8 days) or intermediate-term (362 days) follow-up (P=0.50). Four patients experienced transient worsening in CKD classification after AE, although three experienced CKD stage improvement. CONCLUSION Selective AE for IVL after PN is safe, efficacious, and does not lead to a significant impairment of renal function. It remains the preferred approach for the evaluation and management of post-PN hemorrhage.
Reconfigurable 1  $\times$ 4 Power Divider With Switched Impedance Matching Circuits

This letter presents a reconfigurable 1 × 4 power divider operated at 2.45 GHz. The proposed circuit has four power transmission states and is designed mathematically to satisfy matching conditions for each state. The experimental results for the transmission losses for each state are 1.2 dB ~ 1.9 dB while the isolations for non-path ports are greater than 25 dB and the reflection coefficients for each power transmission state are less than -20 dB at the target frequency.
Cysteine Residues in the Large Extracellular Loop (EC2) Are Essential for the Function of the Stress-regulated Glycoprotein M6a*

Gpm6a was identified as a stress-responsive gene in the hippocampal formation. This gene is down-regulated in the hippocampus of both socially and physically stressed animals, and this effect can be reversed by antidepressant treatment. Previously we showed that the stress-regulated protein M6a is a key modulator for neurite outgrowth and filopodium/spine formation. In the present work, mutational analysis was used to characterize the action of M6a at the molecular level. We show that four cysteines 162, 174, 192, and 202 within EC2 are functionally crucial sites. The presence of cysteines 162 and 202 is essential for the efficient cell surface expression of the M6a protein. In contrast, cysteines 174 and 192, which form a disulfide bridge as shown by biochemical analysis, are not required for the efficient surface expression of M6a. Their mutation to alanine does not interfere with the localization of M6a to filopodial protrusions in primary hippocampal neurons. The neurons expressing C174A and/or C192A mutants display decreased filopodia number. In non-permeabilized cells, these mutant proteins are not recognized by a function-blocking monoclonal antibody directed to M6a. Moreover, neurons in contact with axons expressing C174A/C192A mutant display significantly lower density of presynaptic clusters over their dendrites. Taken together, this study demonstrates that cysteines in the EC2 domain are critical for the role of M6a in filopodium outgrowth and synaptogenesis.
Terms of use : Click here AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADVERSE EVENTS , ANXIETY AND BODY SIZE OF ADOLESCENTS

Journal of Biosocial Science / Volume 46 / Issue 01 / January 2014, pp 122 138 DOI: 10.1017/S0021932013000242, Published online: 29 May 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge. org/abstract_S0021932013000242 How to cite this article: TOMASZ HANĆ, KLAUDIA JANICKA, MAGDALENA DURDA and JOACHIM CIEŚLIK (2014). AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADVERSE EVENTS, ANXIETY AND BODY SIZE OF ADOLESCENTS. Journal of Biosocial Science, 46, pp 122-138 doi:10.1017/S0021932013000242 Request Permissions : Click here
Distinct MRI Atrophy Patterns in Autopsy-Proven Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

To better define the anatomic distinctions between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), we retrospectively applied voxel-based morphometry to the earliest magnetic resonance imaging scans of autopsy-proven AD (N = 11), FTLD (N = 18), and controls (N = 40). Compared with controls, AD patients showed gray matter reductions in posterior temporoparietal and occipital cortex; FTLD patients showed atrophy in medial prefrontal and medial temporal cortex, insula, hippocampus, and amygdala; and patients with both disorders showed atrophy in dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex and lateral temporal cortex (P FWE-corr < .05). Compared with FTLD, AD patients had decreased gray matter in posterior parietal and occipital cortex, whereas FTLD patients had selective atrophy in anterior cingulate, frontal insula, subcallosal gyrus, and striatum (P < .001, uncorrected). These findings suggest that AD and FTLD are anatomically distinct, with degeneration of a posterior parietal network in AD and degeneration of a paralimbic fronto-insular-striatal network in FTLD.
FIFTY SHADES OF GREEN: INTERPRETING MAYA JADE PRODUCTION, CIRCULATION, CONSUMPTION, AND VALUE

Abstract This work addresses varying interpretations of the production, circulation, and consumption of jades in the Maya area from the Preclassic through the Postclassic periods (600 b.c.–a.d. 1697). Traditionally, exchange of jades has been seen as a dyadic relationship between elites (gifting and tribute). Some have argued for gradations of value in the circulation of jades, which probably circulated in both elite and commoner spheres. More recent research argues that jade blanks were commoditized because they could be standardized. In this article, we evaluate this last claim, concluding there is no evidence for standardization and commodification of jade blanks, and a dearth of jade blanks in archaeological deposits. We critique the expectation that commodities in some nonindustrial economies should be standardized, and make suggestions about what kinds of jade objects, if any, have greatest potential to become commodities in the Maya area.
ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSES TO CRISIS: THE CENTRALITY OF TRUST

Within this division, there is a real problem with the lower level people not trusting the people at the top, because the people feel that the management doesn't tell them the truth, doesn't level with them, isn't honest, has a hidden agenda, plays games. I could go on and on. I think it's worse today than I have ever seen it in my 33-year career in this company. --Automotive executive In the latter part of the twentieth century, organizational crises have become almost routine. Indeed, crises are occurring on a scale not previously encountered, most of them human-caused, either through faulty decisions (Janis, 1989), technological complexities (Perrow, 1984) or both (Pauchant & Mitroff, 1992). The purpose of this paper is to develop a midrange theory that explains why organizations respond differently during crisis, and how organizational performance may increase rather than decrease during crisis.
Inflammatory Factors in Major and Macular Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Concentrations of inflammatory factors were measured in 40 patients with macular edema due to major branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or macular BRVO who were treated by pars plana vitrectomy. Vitreous fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) were determined. Visual acuity and central macular thickness were significantly improved at 6 months in both groups. Vitreous fluid levels of VEGF and sICAM-1 were higher in the major BRVO group than the macular BRVO group, while the PEDF level was lower in the major group than the macular group. The mean visual acuity and central macular thickness at 6 months were not significantly different between the macular and major groups. In conclusion, patients with major BRVO had higher vitreous levels of inflammatory factors and lower vitreous levels of anti-inflammatory PEDF. Accordingly, regulating inflammatory factors might be more important in major BRVO than macular BRVO.
Developmental regulation of the effects of fibroblast growth factor‐2 and 1‐octanol on neuronogenesis: Implications for a hypothesis relating to mitogen–antimitogen opposition

Neocortical neurons arise from a pseudostratified ventricular epithelium (PVE) that lies within the ventricular zone (VZ) at the margins of the embryonic cerebral ventricles. We examined the effects of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) and 1‐octanol on cell output behavior of the PVE in explants of the embryonic mouse cerebral wall. FGF‐2 is mitogenic and 1‐octanol antimitogenic in the PVE. Whereas all postmitotic cells migrate out of the VZ in vivo, in the explants some postmitotic cells remain within the VZ. We refer to these cells as the indeterminate or I fraction, because they neither exit from the VZ nor reenter S phase as part of the proliferative (P) fraction. They are considered to be either in an extremely prolonged G1 phase, unable to pass the G1/S transition, or in the G0 state. The I fate choice is modulated by both FGF‐2 and 1‐octanol. FGF‐2 decreased the I fraction and increased the P fraction. In contrast, 1‐octanol increased the I fraction and nearly eliminated the P fraction. The effects of FGF‐2 and 1‐octanol were developmentally regulated, in that they were observed in the developmentally advanced lateral region of the cerebral wall but not in the medial region. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of aggressive behavior in general adult psychiatry: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence for pharmacologic management of outwardly directed aggressive behavior in general adult psychiatry. DATA SOURCES Literature searches in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane libraries from 1966 through March 2005 were used to identify relevant studies. The keywords aggression, violence, anger, and hostility combined with drug therapy, psychotropic drugs, adrenergic beta-antagonists, anticonvulsants, anti-depressants, antipsychotic agents, benzodiazepines, and lithium were searched. Furthermore, the retrieved publications were searched for additional references. STUDY SELECTION All randomized controlled trials addressing pharmacotherapy for aggression or aggression-related symptoms were included, except studies addressing the "emergency situation" and studies conducted in specialized psychiatric or non-psychiatric settings. DATA EXTRACTION Evidence synthesis was performed using the "best-evidence principle. " Two authors independently adjudicated methodological quality and generalizability to daily clinical practice. DATA SYNTHESIS Thirty-five randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. On the basis of a best-evidence synthesis model, weak evidence for antiaggressive effects of antipsychotics, anti-depressants, anticonvulsants, and beta-adrenergic-blocking drugs was found. Atypical antipsychotics appeared superior to typical antipsychotics. The use of various outcome measures and insufficient data reporting in the individual studies hampered the quantitative assessment of efficacy across studies. Further limitations of the available randomized controlled trials included small sample sizes, short study duration, and poor generalizability to daily clinical practice setting. CONCLUSIONS Whereas pharmacotherapy is frequently applied in aggressive patients, only weak evidence of efficacy of various drug classes was found. Consensus about the use of aggression measurement scales in clinical trials is necessary for future research. Furthermore, large-scale trials with more naturalistic designs, as opposed to classical randomized controlled trials with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, may be advisable in order to obtain results that are more generalizable to daily clinical practice.
Ocean acoustic tomography structured covariance estimation

Classic ocean acoustic tomography by Wiener inversion needs good estimates of the noise power affecting the errors between the in situ measurements of the travel times and their estimates obtained by reliable simulations. We investigate the maximum likelihood estimation of a structured covariance matrix, whose subspaces of interest are known, but whose associated powers are unknown. Using the ocean acoustic tomography constraints, we assume that the covariance is the sum of a full rank known matrix and an unknown component. We derive the maximum likelihood estimates for these noise powers and compute the Fisher information matrix to get insight into the geometric properties of the estimators. We verify with a realistic classic ocean acoustic tomography simulation the good quality of our noise power estimates.
The modelling of prenuclear accents in Central Catalan declaratives

The aim of this paper is to examine the phonetic and phonological properties of prenuclear accents in Central Catalan declaratives within the Autosegmental-Metrical approach of intonational analysis. Prenuclear accents show a rising movement whose peak tends to be aligned after the accented syllable. Three possible interpretations for the modelling of such rises are considered: 1) an H* with peak delay, 2) a bitonal accent (L*+H), and 3) the combination of two different tones, namely, a pitch accent (L*) and a word edge tone (H). Words with different stress distributions (oxytones, paroxytones and proparoxytones) are analysed to observe whether the presence of a word boundary has an effect on the location of the F0 peak. The results show that the F0 peak is consistently anchored at the end of the word no matter the number of post-accented syllables. Thus, prenuclear rises in Central Catalan declaratives are interpreted as a combination of an L* pitch accent and an H word edge tone.
Pseudoachondroplasia and painful sequelae

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is a well‐described autosomal dominant short limb dwarfing condition caused by mutations in the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein gene (COMP). The most debilitating complication of the disorder is joint pain starting in childhood, the extent and severity of which is poorly defined. The aim of this study was to fully assess the pain and identify additional clinical complications affecting those with PSACH. An online survey was distributed to individuals with PSACH. Of the 77 surveys analyzed, 83% reported chronic pain starting as early as the newborn period. Pain was most frequently reported in weight bearing joints including the knees, hips, and back, and significantly interfered with their overall quality of life. For pain relief, patients with PSACH used a wide variety of treatments. However, patients reported only a 60% resolution of pain with their current treatments. An increase in other comorbidities was not found, specifically osteoporosis was not increased. This study documents for the first time that pain is the most common presenting symptom in PSACH and is often overlooked until short stature becomes obvious. The recognition of chronic pain as one of the earliest manifestations of PSACH is important to allow for prompt diagnosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized analysis and synthesis of robust linear static anti-windup

We consider robust linear static anti-windup design for linear control systems subject to input saturation with uncertain parameters. Within this context, we use scenario-based randomized techniques and revisit the well known LMI-based static anti-windup design technique for continuous-time linear control systems. The proposed approach leads to convex (LMI-based) techniques to construct a randomized robust nonlinear L2 gain estimate and to design an optimal robust static linear anti-windup compensator. The advantages of the proposed technique are illustrated on a simulation example.