Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, FTIR, UV‐VIS, ESI‐MS, and PM5 studies as well as emission properties of a new Schiff base of gossypol with 5‐methoxytryptamine and a new hydrazone of gossypol with dansylhydrazine

A new Schiff base of gossypol with 5‐methoxytryptamine (GSTR) and a new hydrazone of gossypol with dansylhydrazine (GHDH) have been synthesized and studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐VIS), electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy (ESI‐MS) as well as the parametric method PM5. The spectroscopic methods have provided clear evidence that GSTR exists in chloroform solution as an enamine–enamine tautomer, whereas GHDH is present in chloroform as a N‐imine–N‐imine tautomer. The fluorescence spectra of both compounds indicate that their quantum yield of fluorescence is increased by one or two orders of magnitude compared to that of pure gossypol. The ESI‐MS spectra of the 1:1 mixtures of GSTR or GHDH with formic acid have demonstrated that both compounds exist as protonated monomers in the gas phase, whereas GHDH can also exist in a stable protonated dimeric structure. The structures of the stable tautomers are calculated and visualized using the PM5 semiempirical method. The intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds within these structures are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 521–535, 2006
La col·lecció paleontològica Gómez-Alba del MGB-MCNB

Se presenta el catalogo de la coleccion paleontologica que habia pertenecido al recientemente fallecido Dr. Julio Gomez-Alba, antiguo conservador de Paleontologia del Museo de Geologia de Barcelona, actualmente integrado en el Consorcio del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barcelona. La propuesta de donacion de la coleccion a la ciudad de Barcelona se realizo en noviembre de 2010 y fue aceptada por el Instituto de Cultura de Barcelona (ICUB) en fecha 11 de febrero de 2011. Formada por 4.990 ejemplares y 25 lotes, no es la coleccion de un investigador en paleontologia sino la de un paleontologo generalista. Muchos ejemplares de esta coleccion fueron figurados en una guia de campo elaborada por Gomez-Alba (1988) sobre los fosiles de Espana y de Europa. El catalogo es, aparte de algunas correcciones menores, la transcripcion literal de la base de datos originalmente asociada a la coleccion que –desde su aceptacion– no ha sido actualizada ni revisada.
Functional Indicators of Glutamate Transport in Single Striatal Astrocytes and the Influence of Kir4.1 in Normal and Huntington Mice

This study evaluates single-cell indicators of glutamate transport in sulforhodamine 101-positive astrocytes of Q175 mice, a knock-in model of Huntington's disease (HD). Transport-related fluorescent ratio signals obtained with sodium-binding benzofuran isophtalate (SBFI) AM from unperturbed or voltage-clamped astrocytes and respective glutamate transporter currents (GTCs) were induced by photolytic or synaptic glutamate release and isolated pharmacologically. The HD-induced deficit ranged from −27% (GTC maximum at −100 mV in Ba2+) to −41% (sodium transients in astrocytes after loading SBFI-AM). Our specific aim was to clarify the mechanism(s) by which Kir4.1 channels can influence glutamate transport, as determined by either Na+ imaging or transport-associated electrical signals. A decrease of Kir4.1 conductance was mimicked with Ba2+ (200 μm), and an increase of Kir4.1 expression was obtained by intravenous administration of AAV9–gfaABC1D–Kir4.1–EGFP. The decrease of Kir4.1 conductance reduced the sodium transients but increased the amplitudes of somatic GTCs. Accordingly, after genetic upregulation of Kir4.1, somatic GTCs were found to be decreased. In individual cells, there was a negative correlation between Kir4.1 currents and GTCs. The relative effect of the Kir4.1 conductance was higher in the astrocyte periphery. These and other results suggest that the Kir4.1 conductance affects glutamate transporter activity in a dual manner: (1) by providing the driving force (voltage dependency of the transport itself) and (2) by limiting the lateral charge transfer (thereby reducing the interference with other electrogenic transporter functions). This leads to the testable prediction that restoring the high conductance state of passive astrocytes will not only normalize glutamate uptake but also restore other astrocytic transporter activities afflicted with HD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Insufficiency of astrocytic glutamate uptake is a major element in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the heterogeneity of astrocytes and their differential susceptibility to therapeutic interventions, it becomes necessary to evaluate the determinants of transport activity in individual astroglial cells. We have examined intracellular Na+ transients and glutamate transporter currents as the most telling indicators of glutamate clearance after synaptic or photolytic release of glutamate in striatal slices. The results show that, in Huntington's disease, glutamate uptake activity critically depends on Kir4.1. These channels enable the high conductance state of the astrocytic plasma membrane, which ensures the driving force for glutamate transport and dumps the transport-associated depolarization along the astrocyte processes. This has significant implications for developing therapeutic targets.
Informational coping style and depressive symptoms in family decision makers.

BACKGROUND Overwhelmed family decision makers of chronically critically ill patients must comprehend vital information to make complex treatment decisions that are consistent with patients' preferences. Exploration of informational coping styles of family decision makers may yield evidence for tailored communication practices supporting the psychological and informational needs of family decision makers. OBJECTIVES To describe patterns in the demographic characteristics and informational coping styles of family decision makers; to assess differences in informational satisfaction, role stress, and depressive symptoms between family decision makers classified as monitors and as blunters; and to describe the predictive associations between informational coping styles, informational satisfaction, and role stress on depressive symptoms in family decision makers. METHODS A secondary data analysis of 210 family decision makers of cognitively impaired patients who required 3 days or more of mechanical ventilation. On enrollment, decision makers completed the abbreviated Miller Behavioral Style Scale to assess informational coping styles, the Critical Care Family Satisfaction Survey's informational subscale to assess informational satisfaction, a single-item measure of role stress, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale to assess depressive symptoms. RESULTS No associations emerged between demographic characteristics and informational coping styles of family decision makers. Monitors had higher depression scores than did blunters. Both information coping style and informational satisfaction influenced depressive symptoms; however, role stress was the most significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS Family decision makers classified as monitors were at higher risk for depression than were those who seem to avoid information. Targeting monitors with additional psychological and informational support may mitigate their psychological impairment.
Evaluation of the Charité Jet Lag Scale

The first German Charité Jet Lag Scale (CJS), based on the only validated English questionnaire, was introduced in a former study. In addition to providing further jet lag investigations, this second method-comparison study aims to evaluate the CJS. Consistent interviewing methods are essential for future research in identifying possible cross-cultural tendencies, advancing jet lag definition, and establishing potential alleviation methods. Jet lag in 17 German chorus members (5 male, 12 female, mean age 42.35 ± 13.06 years) was monitored on their 2½-week trip from Germany to Argentina and back by use of actigraphy, sleep diaries, and the CJS. Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson and Lin correlations, and Bland-Altman diagrams were applied to assess CJS reliability and validity between all measurement methods. CJS study analysis results reconfirmed the prevalence of jet lag at approximately 60%. Moreover, the study assessed high Cronbach’s alpha values and significant positive correlations for several corresponding and related sleep parameters and CJS items such as total sleep time (TST) and sleep onset latency (SOL). The confidence limits in the Bland-Altman diagrams remained within the limits of earlier studies (TST ± 1 h, SOL ± 30 min). Overall, jet lag measures in this study confirmed previous jet lag studies. Evidence indicates positive reliability and validity of the CJS, with lower specificity in some parameters. We conclude that the CJS is applicable for complex jet lag studies. The findings provide support for further development of the scale and its capability as a consistent jet lag interviewing method.
A mathematical model of social conformity as a function of group size To Chin

This paper aims to model mathematically the dependence of conformity on majority size with the intention of attaining the following three goals: (1) The model should make psychological sense and should be (at least partially) based on exisiting psychological laws. (2) The model should be mathematically as simple as possible to reduce the number of free parameters which are usually very di cult to be estimated based on known information. (3) The model should behave correctly qualitatively and t the data well quantitatively. Since Asch published his experiments on conformity, many studies have been done to investigate the relationship between the size of the majority and the degree of conformity. [2] However, the results from di erent experiments are often inconsistent. In most experiments, only a few di erent group sizes are tested. These make mathematical modeling of the relationship between group size and conformity highly challenging. Therefore, only data from Asch's original experiments is used here to avoid the problem due to inconsistent and often con icting data. The validity of this model should thus be more carefully examined once the inconsistencies among the experimental ndings are resolved. Existing models such as the SIM model [2] often do not have clear psychological basis. Conformity (or social impact) is assumed to be some ad-hoc mathematical function of size of majority. In addition, there are often too many free parameters which often have little or none intuitive meaning. It also makes data tting more di cult as di erent combination of parameter values may generate similar behavior, making it hard to decide which value is the real value of the parameter in concern. In response to these problems, this paper aims to propose a new, mathematically minimalistic model with clear psychological basis (namely Luce's utility) and good t with (Asch's) experimental data. It is also hoped that this will generate motivation for new experiments that aims to resolve the inconsistencies between existing data. The reader is refered to Asch's paper [1] for a detailed description of the experimental setting and procedure.
Better Practices In Advertising Can Change A Cost Of Doing Business To Wise Investments In The Business

ABSTRACT The intelligence, measurement, knowledge, models, and desktop “best practice” tools discussed in this article are the types of “products” being developed by the 21st-century business researchers who are determined to add quantifiable value to the business enterprise—and the fact-based support being used by the brand and agency teams that are determined to win in the marketplace, quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year. By accounting for, improving, and achieving a return on advertising investments consistent with quarterly business objectives, what is traditionally viewed as a “cost of doing business” can be transformed to “wise investments in the business. ”
The carcinostatic activity of 5-hydroxy-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone.

5-Hydroxy-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (5-HP) is highly active intraperitoneally against leukemia L-1210, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and lymphoma L-5178Y over a broad dose range. 5-HP is also active on leukemia L-1210 and the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by delayed treatment. Activity by oral routes or subcutaneously is poor. Moderate activity is displayed against the Lewis lung carcinoma and adenocarcinoma 755. 5-HP is the most active antileukemic agent in this series to date.
Experimental Evidence of Contagious Stretching and Ingroup Bias in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Previous observational research suggests that stretching is contagious in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Here we report the first experimental evidence of this response through a reanalysis of a previous experiment testing for contagious yawning in this species. Using a repeated measures design, 16 birds were tested as pairs alongside familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics with and without visual barriers. Our results show that stretching behavior was temporally clustered only when the birds could see one another, corroborating previous observational findings supporting contagion. Additionally, for the first time, we show an ingroup bias in this response. That is, while the overall frequency of stretching did not significantly differ as a function of conspecific familiarity, contagious stretching was only present when cage mates were paired together. These findings are discussed in relation to recent research studying social cognition in this species.
Role of Stat3 in Regulating p53 Expression and Function

ABSTRACT Loss of p53 function by mutation is common in cancer. However, most natural p53 mutations occur at a late stage in tumor development, and many clinically detectable cancers have reduced p53 expression but no p53 mutations. It remains to be fully determined what mechanisms disable p53 during malignant initiation and in cancers without mutations that directly affect p53. We show here that oncogenic signaling pathways inhibit the p53 gene transcription rate through a mechanism involving Stat3, which binds to the p53 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Site-specific mutation of a Stat3 DNA-binding site in the p53 promoter partially abrogates Stat3-induced inhibition. Stat3 activity also influences p53 response genes and affects UV-induced cell growth arrest in normal cells. Furthermore, blocking Stat3 in cancer cells up-regulates expression of p53, leading to p53-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. As a point of convergence for many oncogenic signaling pathways, Stat3 is constitutively activated at high frequency in a wide diversity of cancers and is a promising molecular target for cancer therapy. Thus, repression of p53 expression by Stat3 is likely to have an important role in development of tumors, and targeting Stat3 represents a novel therapeutic approach for p53 reactivation in many cancers lacking p53 mutations.
Spinal anesthesia in severe preeclampsia.

of hypotension after spinal anesthesia among severely preeclamptic parturients exclude patients in active labor because labor itself attenu-ates the frequency and severity of the hypotensive response to neuraxial anesthesia during cesarean delivery. Most studies are relatively small ( n < 150), and the details of preoperative antihypertensive and magnesium regimens vary. Three prospective trials have demonstrated that preeclamptic parturients experience less frequent and less severe hypotension and require smaller doses of vasopres-sors than normotensive controls after the initiation of spinal Spinal anesthesia is widely regarded as a reasonable anesthetic option for cesarean delivery in severe preeclampsia, provided there is no indwelling epidural catheter or contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia. Compared with healthy parturients, those with severe preeclampsia expe- rience less frequent, less severe spinal-induced hypotension. In severe preeclampsia, spinal anesthesia may cause a higher incidence of hypotension than epidural anesthesia; however, this hypotension is typically easily treated and short lived and has not been linked to clinically significant differences in outcomes. In this review, we describe the advantages and limitations of spinal anesthesia in the setting of severe preeclampsia and the evidence guiding intraopera-tive hemodynamic management. (Anesth
Modulation of macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus

Infectious bursal disease is one of the most important naturally occurring viral diseases of chickens worldwide. The causative agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), belongs to the family Birnaviridae. This viruscauses an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The virus infects and destroys actively dividing IgM-bearing B cells. Although B cells are the principal targets for IBDV, recent data show that the virus also infects macrophages. IBDV-infected macrophages produce various cytokines and chemokines which may play an important role in the protection and/or pathogenesis of IBDV. In this review, the modulatory effects of IBDV on macrophages will be discussed.
Follow-up of infants with single umbilical artery.

Of 39,773 white and black consecutive single births, 344 (0.9%) had single umbilical artery (SUA). The incidence was higher in whites (1.2%) than in blacks (0.5%). Despite high mortality in infants with SUA (14.0%) the incidence was still 0.7% among surviving infants. Associated malformations were present in 19 of 36 dead infants with SUA, or 52.8%, and in 11 of 266 SUA survivors, or 4.1%. Cardiovascular and genitourinary anomalies were not higher in dead infants with SUA compared to all dead malformed infants. A follow-up study of infants up to 4 years of age was undertaken, comparing 266 SUA survivors with 798 matched controls. Among malformations found in survivors, only inguinal hernia was significantly higher in SUA children compared to controls. The incidences of other specific abnormal conditions were not significantly different in the two groups. The mean values of body weight, body length, and head circumference at 4 months, 1 year, and 4 years of age, were almost equal in the two groups, as were the mental and motor scores at 8 months and the I.Q. at 4 years of age.
The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning

The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is the first comprehensive and authoritative handbook covering all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning. Written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual chapters summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history, and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading. The volume also includeswork related to developmental, social and clinical psychology, philosophy, economics, artificial intelligence, linguistics, education, law, and medicine. Scholars and students in all these fields and others will find this to be a valuable collection.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially devastating disease that affects women during the last months of pregnancy or the first months after delivery. The aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain unclear, but oxidative stress and the generation of a cardiotoxic fragment of prolactin may play key roles. Diagnosing PPCM remains a challenge, as symptoms may mimic those women experience during normal pregnancy and the peripartum period. A high index of suspicion is thus necessary to make the diagnosis. Patients with PPCM have a varied clinical course, as some patients achieve full recovery while others progress to end-stage heart failure and even death. Standard heart failure treatment is indicated, although special provisions are necessary in pregnant and lactating women. Additional research into the pathophysiology of this disease, including possible genetic contributions, may lead to novel treatment strategies that can improve outcomes.
Up‐regulation of CD81 (target of the antiproliferative antibody; TAPA) by reactive microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord injury in the rat

We examined the expression of CD81 (also known as TAPA, or target of the antiproliferative antibody) after traumatic spinal cord injury in the rat. CD81, a member of the tetraspanin family of proteins, is thought to be involved in reactive gliosis. This is based on the antiproliferative and antiadhesive effects of antibodies against CD81 on cultured astrocytes, as well as its up‐regulation after penetrating brain injury. CD81 expression following dorsal hemisection of the spinal cord was determined immunohistochemically at time points ranging from 1 day to 2 months postlesion (p.l.). In the unlesioned cord a low background level of CD81 was observed, with the exception of the ependyma of the central canal and the pia mater, which were strongly CD81‐positive. One day p.l. , CD81 was diffusely up‐regulated in the spinal cord parenchyma surrounding the lesion site. From 3 days onward, intensely CD81‐positive round cells entered the lesion site, completely filling it by 7 days p.l. Staining with the microglial markers OX‐42 and Iba1 revealed that these cells were reactive microglia/macrophages. At this time, no significant CD81 expression by GFAP‐positive reactive astrocytes was noted. From the second week onward, CD81 was gradually down‐regulated; i.e., its spatial distribution became more restricted. The CD81‐positive microglia/macrophages disappeared from the lesion site, leaving behind large cavities. After 2 months, astrocytes that formed the wall of these cavities were strongly CD81‐positive. In addition, CD81 was present on reactive astrocytes in the dorsal funiculus distal from the lesion in degenerated white matter tracts. In conclusion, the spatiotemporal expression pattern of CD81 by reactive microglia and astrocytes indicates that CD81 is involved in the glial response to spinal cord injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 428:266–277, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amount, content and context of infant media exposure: a parental questionnaire and diary analysis

Recent research has indicated that there are long‐term consequences of early media exposure. This study examined the amount, content and context of television exposure across the infancy period in the USA. Parents of 308 infants aged 6–18 months completed questionnaires detailing parental attitudes regarding their children’s television use and 24‐hour television diaries to provide an accurate measurement of household television usage. Television exposure during infancy varied as a function of infant age, sibling status, socio‐economic status and parental attitudes toward television. Regression analyses indicated that parental attitudes were not associated with the amount of television exposure, but were associated with the content of television exposure. These findings indicate that television exposure changes rapidly across infancy and is associated with parental attitudes.