Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Snack-centered Nutrition Education on Promoting Knowledge, Attitude, and Nutritional Behaviors in Elementary Students

Background: Unhealthy nutrition at early years of life causes some diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, and bone and joint diseases during adulthood. In other words, many of wrong health behaviors are rooted in childhood experiences. This study was conducted to examine effect of interventional programs on knowledge, attitude and nutritional behavior of students at 5th grade of elementary schools. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study in which, 168 elementary female students (in Paveh city, Iran) were assigned randomly to two experimental (n=84) and control (n=84) groups. A valid questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Pretest was done in both groups. According to results obtained from pretest, educational intervention was implemented in 2 sessions holding health food festival and classes for intervention group. Each session continued for 30-45 minutes. Two months after intervention, questionnaires were redistributed among two experimental and control groups to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and performance of participants. The obtained data were analyzed through SPSS 16.0 software. Results: Results showed a significant increase between means of knowledge scores and attitude level of students toward snack in experimental and control groups (p=0.008). Also, compared with control group, there was a significant improve between mean scores of snack-related behaviors in experimental group after educational intervention (p=0.04). Conclusion: Since, this study confirmed effectiveness of snack-centered nutritional education on increasing knowledge, attitude, and nutritional behaviors of students, it is recommended to design and implement suitable interventional programs to improve nutritional awareness, attitudes, and behaviors of students.
The status of EFL education in Korean Public Elementary Schools : from some teachers' perspective /

This study is guided by six sets o f research questions: (1) What have been the successful aspects of the EFL curriculum in Korean public elementary schools? To what factors can the success be attributed? (2) What have been the unsuccessful or less successful aspects o f the EFL curriculum in Korean public elementary schools? To what factors can the lack o f success be attributed? (3) What should be done to improve the EFL curriculum in Korean public elementary schools? (4) Regarding the professional development of preand in-service KTEs in Korean public elementary schools, what have been the successful aspects? To what factors can the success be attributed? (5) Regarding the professional development o f preand in-service KTEs in Korean public elementary schools, what have been the unsuccessful or less successful aspects? To what factors can the lack of success be attributed? (6) What should be done to improve the professional development o f preand in-service KTEs in Korean public elementary schools? The methodology o f the study was comprised of four complementary parts: a “standardized open-ended survey” (SOS), in-person interviews, interviews via email correspondence, and a document search. The survey questions were open-ended to allow the respondents maximum freedom in their range of responses. Following the survey part o f the study, some of the study participants who agreed to do so were interviewed in
Coretta Phillips Who ' s who in the pecking order ? : Aggression and ' normal violence ' in the lives of girls and boys

Recent research has focused on the aggression and violence experienced by young people in local schools and neighbourhoods. Self-report bullying, victimisation and offending studies have documented the pervasive nature of this violence in the lives of young people and the legitimacy that it has. This paper explores some emergent themes in this research which spans different disciplines, also drawing heavily on the findings from a small, exploratory study of girls’ violence. The discussion centres on the social context of aggression and violence, the functionality of such behaviour, and its normalisation in adolescent life. The paper concludes by examining the implications of this body of work for theory, policy and practice.
Impact of bereavement among relatives in Italy and Sweden after the Linate airplane disaster

Objectives: Victims of major disasters are at risk for development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to compare two groups of bereaved relatives from Italy and Sweden, and to examine the role of psychosocial support and psychological reactions 18 months after traumatic bereavement. Methods: In all, 153 bereaved relatives of deceased victims in the Milano/Linate aeroplane crash were assessed by a questionnaire. Reactions of psychological distress were measured by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results: In the whole group, 53.2% showed symptoms indicating that they might meet the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. The frequency was higher among the Italian relatives (58.7%) compared with the Swedish relatives (42.6%). Females showed more signs of post-traumatic reactions compared with males in the total population, as did spouses and parents within the Italian group. The general health status, measured by subjective evaluation, was significantly affected in both groups as a result of the disaster. A significant recovery after 18 months was reported, although not to the pre-accident level. The Swedish relatives had a pattern of using more psychotherapy compared with the Italians, among whom it was more common to use medication for both anxiety and sleeping problems. The need for psychotherapy and medication was related to higher scores on IES-R. Conclusions: (1) Traumatic losses deeply affect bereaved relatives. Health is affected and a large group of these relatives develop strong symptoms of post-traumatic stress. (2) Swedish bereaved relatives seem to be more apt to ask for professional help, e.g. psychotherapy, while in Italy it is more common to rely on family, friends and medication. (3) Acute organized psychosocial support in the aftermath can possibly facilitate for victims to handle a traumatic loss but it does not prevent the development of strong post-traumatic reactions. Future investigations may show how it is possible to optimize the help with more specific interventions of support and treatment.
The Dubawnt Lake palaeo‐ice stream: evidence for dynamic ice sheet behaviour on the Canadian Shield and insights regarding the controls on ice‐stream location and vigour

We report evidence for a major ice stream that operated over the northwestern Canadian Shield in the Keewatin Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation 9000–8200 (uncalibrated) yr BP. It is reconstructed at 450 km in length, 140 km in width, and had an estimated catchment area of 190000 km2. Mapping from satellite imagery reveals a suite of bedforms (‘flow‐set’) characterized by a highly convergent onset zone, abrupt lateral margins, and where flow was presumed to have been fastest, a remarkably coherent pattern of mega‐scale glacial lineations with lengths approaching 13 km and elongation ratios in excess of 40:1. Spatial variations in bedform elongation within the flow‐set match the expected velocity field of a terrestrial ice stream. The flow pattern does not appear to be steered by topography and its location on the hard bedrock of the Canadian Shield is surprising. A soft sedimentary basin may have influenced ice‐stream activity by lubricating the bed over the downstream crystalline bedrock, but it is unlikely that it operated over a pervasively deforming till layer. The location of the ice stream challenges the view that they only arise in deep bedrock troughs or over thick deposits of ‘soft’ fine‐grained sediments. We speculate that fast ice flow may have been triggered when a steep ice sheet surface gradient with high driving stresses contacted a proglacial lake. An increase in velocity through calving could have propagated fast ice flow upstream (in the vicinity of the Keewatin Ice Divide) through a series of thermomechanical feedback mechanisms. It exerted a considerable impact on the Laurentide Ice Sheet, forcing the demise of one of the last major ice centres.
Evaluation of different measures to control wilt causing pathogens in chickpea

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated from the wilted chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants. To manage the wilt complex cultural practices, use of biocontrol agents and fungicides were tried under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Sow- ing of chickpea at different dates revealed that early sowing (10th Oct.) resulted in maximum disease incidence (32.20%), whereas, late sowing (24th Nov.) the minimum (13.35%). Twenty and 50 cm row to row spacing resulted in maximum (29.17%) and minimum (17.35%) disease incidence respectively. In vitro evaluation of biological control agents revealed the superiority of Trichoderma viride. Trichoderma over Trichoderma virens in controlling the pathogens. Carbendazim at 100, 200, 500 ppm caused maximum per cent inhibition of the pathogens under in vitro conditions. Fungicides applied as seed treatment reduced disease incidence significantly. Seed treatment with carbendazim increased seed germination (71.24%), though it was at par with carbendazim + mancozeb (62.21%) and mancozeb (61.46%). Seed coating with T. viride resulted in minimum disease incidence (9.24%), however, it was at par with T. virens (9.72%). Maximum yield (10.10 q/ha) was recorded with the application of carbendazim, followed by carbendazim + mancozeb (9.77 q/ha) and T. viride (8.10 q/ha).
Seeds as a source of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus for seedling establishment in temperate regions: A synthesis

Seeds are a source of organic (carbon, C) and mineral (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) nutrients for the growing seedling. There is much information on seed mass and N and P contents, and the relationship between these and seedling mass. Within the world’s temperate regions, these collectively show that N and P concentrations remain constant or rise with increase in seed mass and that seeds are larger and more nutrient-enriched in poorer soils. Seed N and P were more important than seed C in accounting for seedling mass in 85% of studies we assessed. In nutrient- and water-limited environments that are not light-limited, large seeds routinely provision the seedling with N and P that enhance C-fixation and thus general growth in the first wet season. This system is so efficient that growth response to soil nutrients may be negligible in first-year seedlings arising from seeds > 15 mg mass, N content > 5 mg and P content > 1.6 mg. The elongating taproot system absorbs nutrients and maintains water uptake as soil water retreats, enhancing the chances of survival in the first dry season. We outline an interpretative scenario for the special role of large seeds (>15 mg) in nutrient- and water-limited environments that recognizes the critical role of N and P for photosynthesis in ensuring sufficient C-supply to the rapidly descending roots for effective drought-avoidance by the young plant.
On the effects of entry

The problem of entry receives a great deal of attention in presentday Industrial Economics. The main question typically asked in this connection, ever since the work of Bain and Sylos-Labini, is what the best strategies are for oligopolists facing the threat of entry into their industry, that is, the implications of potential entry on their optimal policies regarding pricing, investment, R & D, advertising and so on. Were entry to occur, conventional wisdom says, the effects woulod be unambiguous : profits per firm, and perhaps also outputs per firm would fall, while the industry as a whole becomes "more competitive" in some sense, in particular expanding output. These effects are commonly taken for granted in discussions of entry, as obvious truths or, at best, as underlying assumptions. The natural question arises of whether this deep-rooted piece of conventional wisdom is in fact correct for the general case, as the behaviour of oligopoly is, alas, complex enough to keep many surprises in store.
Linking the Big Five-Factors of personality to charismatic and transactional leadership; perceived dynamic work environment as a moderator

In this multi-source study we investigated the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and both charismatic and transactional leadership behavior, and whether dynamism (the degree that the work environment is deemed dynamic) moderates these relationships. We also tested whether dynamism moderates the relationship between leadership behavior and effectiveness. Personality was measured through self ratings using the NEO-PI-R. Subordinates rated their leaders' behavior, and peers and superiors provided ratings of effectiveness. Consistent with trait activation theory, results showed that perceived dynamic work environment moderated the relationships of four of the Big Five-Factors with both charismatic and transactional leadership. Also, charismatic leadership was positively related to perceived effectiveness, but only in dynamic contexts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Implementation Prepaid Energy Meter Supported by RFID and GSM Technologies

this paper introduces a modified management system for smart electrical energy meter. The proposed smart meter has feature to inform the consumer about energy consumption, this feature serves energy consumption reduction by self-awareness of real consumption. The other important feature is to eliminating the difficulties by direct contact by employee and consumer to getting the reading of the conventional meter and also reduction of error in bill. The proposal system consists of two parts: client’s side part (the prepaid meters in consumer houses) and server side (electrical sub-station). The client part consists of an RFID reader, credit cards, GSM network, Arduino microcontroller and electronic meter. The system operates with high accuracy which could tell the user the amount of energy consumed at any moment and these results the user will be urged to rationalize energy consumption.
in search of a purpose : Source use and authorial voice in L 2 student

Although much of the research into source use by international students has tended to focus on issues of plagiarism, there has recently been recognition that their difficulties in this respect may be more pedagogical than moral. However, much remains to be known about the nature of such students‟ source use. In order to throw light on the ways in which novice L2 writers use source material in their writing and to understand what difficulties they experience, this paper reports on a small case study involving a group of Japanese postgraduate students. Analysis of five Pre-Master‟s dissertations written by these students, as well as interviews conducted with the writers, revealed that they varied in their ability to handle source material effectively. In many cases, their use of source material appeared to be symptomatic of weak authorial stance and apparent lack of a clear argument. Based on these findings, the study concludes with the recommendation that instruction on the use of source material focus to a greater extent on its rhetorical function in constructing knowledge.
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN PREMATURE INFANTS

Background: Birth involves strong oxidative stress for the infant, implying an increased production of free radicals. The aims of this study were to assess the antioxidant response to oxidative insult at birth, by estimating the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in umbilical cord blood, and to evaluate their dependency on the degree of maturation of the newborns. Methods: In the present study, 60 preterm infants (study group) as well as a full-term healthy reference group (A=53) were included. Additionally, the preterms were divided in 3 groups according to their condition at the end of the 1st week of life: preterm control (B=25), on oxygen support (C=18), and ventilated group (D=17). Results: The obtained results indicate markedly lower antioxidant capacity of the preterm infants: they had significantly lower SOD and GPX activity than the full-term infants (p<0.001, for both). Investigated antioxidants also showed significant differences between the groups of preterms. SOD activity was higher in preterms with postnatal respiratory failure compared to preterm control (p<0.001). On the contrary, GPX activity was decreased in the oxygen supported group (10%) and even more in the ventilated group (28.5%) (p<0.001, for both). The newborns enzyme activities were also profoundly modulated by the gestational age and birth weight, specifically the GPX. Kratak sadr`aj
Antifungal Activity of Two Xenorhabdus Species and Photorhabdus luminescens, Bacteria Associated with the Nematodes Steinernema Species and Heterorhabditis megidis

Abstract Antimycotic substances produced by phase one of Xenorhabdus nematophilus (two isolates from Steinernema carpocapsae), Xenorhabdus bovienii (two isolates from Steinernema feltiae and one isolate from Steinernema intermedia), and Photorhabdus luminescens (from Heterorhabditis megidis) and by phase two of Xenorhabdus nematophilus (one isolate) were tested for their spectrum of activity against 32 species of fungi from a range of habitats. The plant pathogenic fungi, Botrytis cinerea, Ceratocystis ulmi, Ceratocystis dryocoetidis, Mucor piriformis, Pythium coloratum, Pythium ultimum, and Trichoderma pseudokingii, were completely inhibited by all phase one variants, whereas the mycorrhizal fungus Suillus pseudobrevipes was not inhibited. Wood decay and food spoilage fungi were partially inhibited by the phase one variant of most of the isolates. The degree of antifungal activity of the cell-free filtrates of the isolates of phase one was not significantly different from each other whereas that of phase two was significantly weaker.
A mindset for EFL: learners’ beliefs about the role of natural talent

This article explores the role of the psychological construct of ‘implicit theories’ or ‘mindsets’ in the context of foreign language learning. It considers psychology-based research of the construct in respect to the EFL context and reports on a small exploratory study using interviews carried out with tertiary-level learners in Austria and Japan. The authors wish to argue for the relevance and importance of the construct for ELT, explore some of the potential issues raised by the initial study, and consider some of the pedagogical implications arising from both the literature and the findings.
A GOODNESS OF FIT TEST FOR ERGODIC MARKOV PROCESSES

We introduce a goodness of fit test for ergodic Markov processes. Our test compares the data against the set of stationary densities implied by the class of models specified in the null hypothesis, and rejects if no model in the class yields a stationary density that matches with the data. No alternative needs to be specified in order to implement the test. Although our test compares densities it involves no smoothing parameters, and is powerful against 1√n local alternatives.
The Influence of the Banking Sector Functions on Economic Activity in Macedonia

Abstract The subject of this paper is the way in which the banking sector in Macedonia contributes to the economic growth by performing five basic functions: savings mobilization, risk diversification, resource allocation, corporate control and easing exchange. The basic purpose of this paper is, through assessment of the relative importance of each of the functions of the banking sector and analysis of the relationship existing between the banking sector intermediation and economic growth (as measured by GDP) to investigate the impact of the banking sector on the real sector performance in the Macedonia. According to the obtained results the paper provides conclusions for opportunities and directions for increasing the efficiency of the banking sector in the Republic of Macedonia.
Match Making, Structural Holes, and Arranged Marriages: The Process of Small Multinational Enterprises International Alliance Formation

The analysis found that to share in the gains of a globalizing economy, smaller multinational enterprises find surrogates outside their firm, third party enablers, to help bridge informational structural holes and build multi-nodal social networks that link cross-cultural alliances partners. Using a qualitative case study, propositions for future testing were developed that highlight similarities and differences between large and small firms, the role third parties play with small firms, and how these third-party behaviors co-evolve with the alliance partners. Conceptual and practical issues related to the changing role of third parties are identified and discussed.
Nutritional Status and Associated Factors Among Lactating Mothers in Nekemte Referral Hospital and Health Centers, Ethiopia

Lactating mothers from low-income countries including Ethiopia are considered as a nutritionally vulnerable group due to different socio demographic factors which impact on the health and wellbeing of children. Adequate nutrition for the mothers during lactation is therefore important for their good health as well as for that of their offspring.We aimed to assess nutritional status, and associated factors among lactating mothers in Nekemte Hospital and Health Centers, East Wollega, Ethiopia.Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to June 2014. Body Mass index was used to measure the nutritional status by measuring height and weight of the lactating mothers using standard procedures. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, maternal nutritional status, and associated factorswas collected from all lactating mothers who visited both health institutions during postnatal care and EPI program. The association of nutritional status with socio-economic and demographic factorswere analyzed using descriptive statistics, binary and multiple logistic regression analysis. This study revealed that majority of the women 260(81.3%) was in the age range of 17-25 yrs and attending school 292 (91.3%). The prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and Obesity were 65(20%), 240(75%), 20(4.7%) and (0.3%), respectively.From multiple logistic regression analysis family size (AOR=4.604, 95%CI=1.903-11.140 andfamily income (AOR=0.250, 95%CI=0.100-0.623) were significantly associated with the nutritional status of the study participants.Nutritional statuses of the lactating mothers were short of the national and international recommendations. Therefore, sustained nutrition education is recommended to the lactating mothers and their families and communities to improve food intake, proper dietary knowledge during lactation in order to enhance health and nutrition outcomes of lactating mothers and their children.Proper family planning and the way that lactating mothers increase their income should be designed by concerned body.
Latin American Export Structure and the US Growth Spillover Effect in the Great Recession

Using panel data analysis, and focusing on export-structure related aspects of the Latin American economies, this paper finds that output fluctuations in Latin America are synchronized with the United States’ business cycle in the period 1961-2012. Moreover, non-primary commodity exporters and Latin American countries whose exports have mainly been destined for the US market display an intensified output fluctuation co-movement with the US. These findings have crucial implications to address the uneven performance of Latin American economies in the Great Recession as a consequence of the real GDP contraction in the United States in 2009.