Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding diarrhoea and its prevention and the use of oral rehydration therapy among mothers of children under the age of five visiting a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, India

Background: Diarrheal diseases remain the second most leading cause of mortality and morbidity next to pneumonia among under-five mortality globally, contributing to 1/5th of child deaths.Methods: Cross sectional hospital based questionnaire study conducted among 200 mothers of children within the age group of 6-60 months with diarrhoea attending the paediatric outdoor or treated in the paediatric indoor (OPD) at YMCH hospital using personal interview method. Filled up questionnaires was collected and was attached along with the filled up proforma.Results: Of 200 mothers, 24.3% knew the correct meaning of diarrhoea, with 73.8% of them not knowing the correct cause of diarrhoea. Only 44.3% knew that it could be prevented. Majority 88.7% did not know to look for signs of dehydration. Less than half of the mothers had only heard of ORT. By using c2-test, preparation ORS was found to be associated with the mother’s education (p=0.04) proving that knowledge is better among those mothers with formal education. No association was found between ORS preparation and age of the mother (p=0.229), religion (p=0.342), and gender of the child (p=0.061). Conclusions: The findings of this research indicate that only 73.8% of the mothers had knowledge regarding the cause of the diarrhoea and less than half 11.3% has only heard and used ORT properly.
Designing localized algorithms for large-scale wireless sensor networks : a geometric perspective

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide the service of monitoring and sensing physical environment. With the pervasive applications of WSNs in various fields, the increasing network scale brings considerable challenges in many aspects, from high-level applications to low-level networking and communication. In this thesis, we try to understand large-scale WSNs from geometric perspective. In particular, by exploiting the multi-fold geometric properties of WSNs (e.g., sensor nodes’ locations and connectivity as well as their unique sensing/communicating models), we can build geometric models and apply geometric algorithms to address perplexing problems of large-scale WSNs. In contrast to typical geometric techniques which require global information as input, we design localized algorithms which can be performed by individual sensor nodes in a distributed manner using only locally available information, to benefit large-scale WSNs in terms of time cost, system adaptivity and robustness, energy efficiency, as well as network performance. In many applications, a large-scale WSN is deployed to monitor and survey timevariant events, which demands a fast boundary detection technique. Considering sensor nodes may be deployed in a 3D volume, the first focus of this thesis is boundary detection for large-scale 3D WSNs. We model a 3D WSN as point cloud sampled from a hypothetic 3D volume. Borrowing the idea of direct visibility, we present an on-line boundary detection algorithm to identify the sensor nodes on the boundary surfaces of the 3D volume using only local position information. Additionally, we propose a localized parametrization algorithm to regulate the detected arbitrarily shaped network boundaries into spheres, thereby supporting other network functionalities, e.g., distinguishing internal boundaries from the external one, and geographic routing. We evaluate our strategies of boundary detection and regulation with extensive implementations and simulations.
Clinico Pathological Study and Management of Benign Breast Disease

Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze the incidence, mode of presentation of Benign Breast Disease, Clinical & pathological correlation of benign breast disease, and to Study & compare various modes of management. Materials and Methods: The study of benign breast lumps includes random selection of a total of 50 cases. Besides the routine investigations Fine Needle Aspiration Cytotogy (FNAC) was done in almost all the cases. The follow up of the prospective cases were re-examined at the hospitals. 20 patients returned to the hospital for follow-up. The follow-up included recording of the patients' symptoms and clinical findings related to recurrent breast lumps. At the end of the study period and follow-up the material was analysed and the results were tabulated. The test of significance used in the statistical analysis was the proportion test. Conclusion: The findings of this clinico-pathological study of benign breast lumps collaborates with the findings of earlier works in most aspects, but differs with respect to the management of fibroadenomas in teenagers.
Maximising organ donation and transplantation through the use of organs from increased risk donors

Organ transplantation remains the best treatment for many patients with end organ disease. However, there is a discrepancy between organ supply and demand. Many donor organs are not used for transplantation because of risk attributes in the deceased donor ranging from infectious risks to specific risks associated with the cause of death. The aims of this thesis were to identify the number of deceased donors with risk attributes and then quantify the risks associated with using organs from such donors. This information was then used to provide evidence to the transplant community on which to base their decisions on using organs from such donors. This thesis used data in the UK Transplant Registry, which prospectively collects data on the clinical characteristics and follow-up of all donors and transplant recipients in the UK, and the Potential Donor Audit, which is a prospectively populated registry including all patients who die in UK critical care units of donation age. The main findings of this thesis were that there are a large number of deceased donors with risk attributes, in particular donors with increased risk behaviour for blood borne viral disease or with hepatitis C virus infection, whose organs are currently not used for transplantation, but that could safely be used. The thesis also describes that the transmission of meningitis/encephalitis from deceased donors to transplant recipients is a rare but serious complication of transplantation, but that transplantation of usually excellent organs from such donors should not be contraindicated. Different transplant centres display marked variations in practice in using organs from donors with different risk attributes, but centres that display greater risk appetite in using organs from higher risk donors do not have worse transplant outcomes compared to centres with lower risk appetites.
Data famine in big data era : machine learning algorithms for visual object recognition with limited training data

Big data is an increasingly attractive concept in many fields both in academia and in industry. The increasing amount of information actually bu ilds an illusion that we are going to havenoughdata to solve all the data driven problems. Unfortunately it is not true, especially for areas where machine learning m ethods are heavily employed, since sufficient high-quality training data doesn’ t necessarily come with thebig data, and it is not easy or sometimes impossible to collect suffici ent training samples, which most computational algorithms depend on . This thesis mainly focuses on dealing situations with limited training data in visual object recognition, by developing novel machine learning algorithms to overcom e the limited training data difficulty. We investigate three issues in object recognition involvin g limited training data: 1. one-shot object recognition, 2. cross-domain object rec ognition, and 3. object recognition for images with different picture styles . For Issue 1, we propose an unsupervised feature learning algorithm by constructing a deep structure of the stacked Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) auto-encode r, in order to extract “semantic” information from unlabeled source images. For Issu e 2, we propose a Domain Adaptive Input-Output Kernel Learning algorithm to reduce the domain shifts in both input and output spaces. For Issue 3, we introd uce a new problem involving images with different picture styles, successfu lly formulate the relationship between pixel mapping functions with gradient based im age descriptors, and also propose a multiple kernel based algorithm to learn an op timal combination of basis pixel mapping functions to improve the recognition ac curacy. For all the proposed algorithms, experimental results on publicly availa ble data sets demonstrate the performance improvements over previous state-of-arts .
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to study the biological activity of anticancer agent

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive and selective spectroscopic technique for the detection and characterization of analytes, which are adsorbed on suitable metal surfaces. SERS as a strategy has been widely used in detecting target molecules, and the screening of drug activity is mainly to study the biological effects of drug combined with target, so a study on biological activity of anticancer drug based on SERS is a concern to some researchers. SERS combines the advantages of positive identification of molecules in situ, stand-alone detection, well-established instrumentation with high sensitivity, and its noninvasive detection. In this paper, we review on the application of SERS in studying anticancer agent from three aspects, such as studying the effects of anticancer agent on cancer cells, detection of anticancer agent in human plasma, and testing the interaction between anticancer agent and DNA or protein.
From injury to full repair: nerve regeneration and functional recovery in the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris

ABSTRACT Spontaneous nerve regeneration in cephalopod molluscs occurs in a relative short time after injury, achieving functional recovery of lost capacity. In particular, transection of the pallial nerve in the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) determines the loss and subsequent restoration of two functions fundamental for survival, i.e. breathing and skin patterning, the latter involved in communication between animals and concealment. The phenomena occurring after lesion have been investigated in a series of previous studies, but a complete analysis of the changes taking place at the level of the axons and the effects on the animals' appearance during the whole regenerative process is still missing. Our goal was to determine the course of events following injury, from impairment to full recovery. Through imaging of the traced damaged nerves, we were able to characterize the pathways followed by fibres during regeneration and end-target re-innervation, while electrophysiology and behavioural observations highlighted the regaining of functional connections between the central brain and periphery, using the contralateral nerve in the same animal as an internal control. The final architecture of a fully regenerated pallial nerve does not exactly mirror the original structure; however, functionality returns to match the phenotype of an intact octopus with no observable impact on the behaviour of the animal. Our findings provide new important scenarios for the study of regeneration in cephalopods and highlight the octopus pallial nerve as a valuable ‘model’ among invertebrates. Summary: Following sectioning of the octopus pallial nerve, functionality returns within 1–5 months, with no observable impact on behaviour, highlighting the octopus as a valuable model for nerve regeneration among invertebrates.
Bioactive adrenomedullin, proenkephalin A and clinical outcomes in an acute heart failure setting

Objectives In an acute heart failure (AHF) setting, proenkephalin A 119–159 (penKid) has emerged as a promising prognostic marker for predicting worsening renal function (WRF), while bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) has been proposed as a potential marker for congestion. We examined the diagnostic value of bio-ADM in congestion and penKid in WRF and investigated the prognostic value of bio-ADM and penKid regarding mortality, rehospitalisation and length of hospital stay in two separate European AHF cohorts. Methods Bio-ADM and penKid were measured in 530 subjects hospitalised for AHF in two cohorts: Swedish HeArt and bRain failure inVESTigation trial (HARVEST-Malmö) (n=322, 30.1% female; mean age 75.1+11.1 years; 12 months follow-up) and Italian GREAT Network Rome study (n=208, 54.8% female; mean age 78.5+9.9 years; no follow-up available). Results PenKid was associated with WRF (area under the curve (AUC) 0.65, p<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis of the pooled cohort, penKid showed an independent association with WRF (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.74, p=0.004). Bio-ADM was associated with peripheral oedema (AUC 0.71, p<0.001), which proved to be independent after adjustment (aOR 2.30, p<0.001). PenKid was predictive of in-hospital mortality (OR 2.24, p<0.001). In HARVEST-Malmö, both penKid and bio-ADM were predictive of 1-year mortality (aOR 1.34, p=0.038 and aOR 1.39, p=0.030). Furthermore, bio-ADM was associated with rehospitalisation (aOR 1.25, p=0.007) and length of hospital stay (β=0.702, p=0.005). Conclusion In two different European AHF cohorts, bio-ADM and penKid perform as suitable biomarkers for early detection of congestion severity and WRF occurrence, respectively, and are associated with pertinent clinical outcomes.
Elasca: Workload-Aware Elastic Scalability for Partition Based Database Systems

Providing the ability to increase or decrease allocated resources on demand as the transactional load varies is essential for database management systems (DBMS) deployed on today’s computing platforms, such as the cloud. The need to maintain consistency of the database, at very large scales, while providing high performance and reliability makes elasticity particularly challenging. In this thesis, we exploit data partitioning as a way to provide elastic DBMS scalability. We assert that the flexibility provided by a partitioned, shared-nothing parallel DBMS can be used to implement elasticity. Our idea is to start with a small number of servers that manage all the partitions, and to elastically scale out by dynamically adding new servers and redistributing database partitions among these servers as the load varies. Implementing this approach requires (a) efficient mechanisms for addition/removal of servers and migration of partitions, and (b) policies to efficiently determine the optimal placement of partitions on the given servers as well as plans for partition migration. This thesis presents Elasca, a system that implements both these features in an existing shared-nothing DBMS (namely VoltDB) to provide automatic elastic scalability. Elasca consists of a mechanism for enabling elastic scalability, and a workload-aware optimizer for determining optimal partition placement and migration plans. Our optimizer minimizes computing resources required and balances load effectively without compromising system performance, even in the presence of variations in intensity and skew of the load. The results of our experiments show that Elasca is able to achieve performance close to a fully provisioned system while saving 35% resources on average. Furthermore, Elasca’s workload-aware optimizer performs up to 79% less data movement than a greedy approach to resource minimization, and also balance load much more effectively.
Big problems in little patients: Nationwide blunt cerebrovascular injury outcomes in the pediatric population.

BACKGROUND Blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) are uncommon but potentially devastating. The epidemiology, outcomes, and screening criteria are well described in adults, but data in pediatric patients are extremely limited. The purpose of this study was to characterize pediatric BCVI in a large nationwide sample. We hypothesized that outcomes of BCVI in the pediatric blunt trauma population will vary by age. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the Kids' Inpatient Database for pediatric BCVI from 2000 to 2012. Epidemiology, associated injuries, outcomes (including stroke and mortality), and the utility of standard screening criteria were analyzed. RESULTS There were 1,182 cases of BCVI identified, yielding an incidence of 0.21%. Patients were predominately male (69%; mean age, 15 ± 5 years). Injuries were 59% carotid, 13% vertebral, and 28% unspecified, with 15% having bilateral or multivessel BCVI. Although younger patients (<11 years) had significantly lower ISS and decreased severe associated injuries (all p < 0.01), they had a similar mortality rate (10%) versus the older cohort. Additionally, the stroke rate was significantly higher among the younger patients versus their older peers (29% mortality for <11 years vs. 15% for ≥11 years, p < 0.01). Only four of seven commonly utilized risk factors were associated with BCVI overall, but none were significantly associated with BCVI in younger children (<11 years). CONCLUSION This represents the first nationwide assessment of BCVI in the pediatric population. Pediatric BCVI carry considerable mortality and stroke risk. Despite being less severely injured, younger children (<11 years) had similar a mortality rate and a significantly higher stroke rate compared with older pediatric patients. Furthermore, commonly utilized adult screening criteria had limited utility in the younger cohorts. These findings suggest pediatric BCVI may require screening and treatment protocols that are significantly different than currently utilized adult-based programs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic/Epidemiological Study, level III.
Outcome of Teriparatide Treatment on Fracture Healing Complications and Symptomatic Bone Marrow Edema in Four Adult Patients With Hypophosphatasia

The response to teriparatide has been described in very few cases of hypophosphatasia (HPP). In this cross‐sectional study, we report the prevalence of symptomatic bone marrow edema (BME) and fracture healing complications in a large cohort of childhood and adult HPP patients and discuss the results of teriparatide treatment in four cases. From 2016 to 2018, 51 patients with a diagnosis of HPP were seen at our institution. The diagnosis of HPP was established by low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), elevated serum pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate (PLP), at least one typical clinical symptom of HPP and supported by ALPL mutation analysis. In this study cohort, 28 (56%) and 14 (27%) patients had a history of fracture or a history of BME, respectively. Four patients, including middle‐aged to elderly women and men who all presented with persistent symptomatic BME or fracture healing complications, were treated with teriparatide. DXA was performed prior to treatment and laboratory values were measured on a regular basis during treatment. Treatment with teriparatide showed variable effects in terms of clinical and biochemical response. Although all four patients displayed a temporary increase in ALP activity, only two patients with a mild form of adult HPP and moderately increased PLP levels showed definite clinical and radiological improvement after teriparatide treatment. In conclusion, fracture healing complications and BME occur frequently in HPP patients. Teriparatide shows variable clinical and biochemical effects depending on the severity of the disease. PLP levels and the number of ALPL alleles might be good parameters to predict treatment outcomes. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPATUHAN PERAWAT DALAM MELAKUKAN HAND HYGIENE FIVE MOMENTS DI RS. HERMINA JATINEGARA

Keperawatan merupakan profesi yang membantu dan memberikan pelayanan yang berkontribusi pada kesehatan dan kesejahteraan individu. Dimana tugas utama perawat memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada klien, mematuhi tugas dan etika yang telah ditentukan diantaranya hand hygiene five moments, agar pasien dan perawat terhindar dari kuman yang dapat memberikan infeksi nosokomial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan perawat dalam melakukan hand hygiene five moments five moments. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain survey cross sectional study pada 80 responden perawat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik dari 80 responden sebagian besar (75,0%) berjenis kelamin perempuan. Sebagian besar (75,0%) responden berusia lebih dari 30 tahun. Dari segi pendidikan, sebagian besar (81,3%) diploma keperawatan. Dan lama kerja Dan dari segi lama kerja 11-20 tahun sebagian besar (73,8%). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia, jenis kelamin, lama kerja, pengetahuan, ketersediaan fasilitas, aturan dan lingkungan sosial rumah sakit dengan kepatuhan perawat dengan melakukan hand hygiene five moments five moments di Rs. Hermina Jatinegara. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalahPerawat yang belum patuh melakukan hand hygiene five moments agar dapat meningkatkan kinerja perawat dalam pelaksanaan hand hygiene five moments agar dapat mengurangi angka kejadian infeksi nosokomial dengan cara mengadakan review ulang kepada semua petugas kesehatan tentang langkah cuci tangan yang baik dan benar.
A Gram-Negative False-Negative: Normal Procalcitonin Level in a Patient with Multiple Klebsiella Pneumoniae Intra-Abdominal Abscesses: A Case Report and Literature Review

sodium 135 mmol/L [135-145 mmol/L], bicarbonate 24 mmol/L [22-32 mmol/L], normal anion gap, blood urea nitrogen 11 mg/dL [7-20 mg/dL], creatinine 1.0 mg/dL [0.6-1.2], normal liver enzymes and coagulation studies. C-reactive protein was 5.50 mg/dL. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 80 mm/hr. TSH was 43.15 μIU/ mL with a low T4 of 0.4 ng/dL. Procalcitonin was 0.07 ng/mL (upper limit of normal 0.09 ng/mL).
Assessment of Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, and Depression among Emergency Physicians Working in Shifts

Background: Around-the-clock provision of medical care is needed particularly in acute care areas. Emergency physicians are constantly affected by rotating shifts. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and depression among emergency physicians. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional case–control study. Participants were divided into two groups; primary participants were 68 emergency physicians working in a shift work system and the controls were 69 family medicine physicians working in a fixed daytime shift. A self-administered questionnaire was filled by all participants that comprised the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Based on the PSQI, around 83.8% of emergency physicians had poor sleep quality, compared to 50.7% in the control group. Daytime sleepiness (ESS >10) was significantly higher in the emergency physicians in comparison to the control group (41.2% vs. 14.5%). A strong correlation was found between poor sleep quality and depression in emergency physicians (r = 0.437, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Emergency physicians working in a shift work system had a significant increase in daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality. Depressive symptoms were noted among emergency physicians suffering from poor sleep quality.
Statistical Signal Processing: Detection, Estimation, and Time Series Analysis

1. Introduction. 2. Rudiments of Linear Algebra and Multivariate Normal Theory. 3. Sufficiency and MVUB Estimators. 4. Neyman-Pearson Detectors. 5. Bayes Detectors. 6. Maximum Likelihood Estimators. 7. Bayes Estimators. 8. Minimum Mean-Squared Error Estimators. 9. Least Squares. 10. Linear Prediction. 11. Modal Analysis.