Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution and size of the mojarra Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier) (Actinopterygii, Gerreidae) in a Southeastern Brazilian bay

Diapterus rhombeus is one of the most abundant fish species in the Sepetiba bay, which is a 520 km2 semi-closed coastal area in Southeastern Brazil. The size and distribution of this species have been described in order to assess the use of the area as a rearing ground in both spatial and temporal (seasonal) dimensions. A fish sampling program was conducted monthly by using an otter trawl between October 1998 and September 1999, in three bay zones (outer, middle and inner), defined according to depth and salinity gradient. Highly significant differences were found for CPUEs (number and biomass) among seasons and zones. Size ranged from 50 to 230 mm TL, and three size-groups were defined according to a maturation scale (n = 1435): 1 - immature ( 100 mm TL). Immature and L50 individuals were more abundant (number and biomass) during Autumn in the inner zone, while adults (L100) predominated during Summer in the outer zone. Evidences of movements of young-of-the-year (50-90 mm TL) individuals from the inner to the outer zone were detected as they reach larger sizes (180 mm TL) in the second year of life. Condition (k) was higher in larger sized individuals in the outer zone during Spring, when they are apt to start the reproductive process. Two cohorts were detected according to modal progression: the first (smaller size) showing faster growth than the second, evidencing a slower growth rate as they reach larger size. Distinct size classes occupying different bay zones suggest that the age-groups optimize their coexistence by partitioning the available resources, avoiding intra-specific competition.
Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae): Hepatic Responses in Mice Bearing Sarcoma 180

Indigofera suffruticosa es una planta utilizada para tratar procesos infecciosos e inflamatorios. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar los cambios histopatologicos en el tejido del higado de ratones con sarcoma 180 despues del tratamiento subcronica con el extracto acuoso obtenido por infusion y maceracion de las hojas de Indigofera suffruticosa. Los ratones machos fueron divididos en cuatro grupos de seis animales: pacientes G1 , G2 y G3 con Sarcoma 180 y G4 sin Sarcoma. G1 y G2 fueron tratados con infusion de maceracion respectivamente (50mg/kg.ip); Controles G3 y G4 recibieron solucion salina (15 ml/kg.ip). El analisis histopatologico y morfometrico de tejido hepatico despues de un tratamiento subcronico con extractos acuosos por infusion y la maceracion de los grupos G1, G2 y G4 fueron similares y no mostraron areas degradadas o la infiltracion de leucocitos en comparacion a G3, que muestra una marcada destruccion de la arquitectura del higado. Los resultados mostraron que despues de un tratamiento subcronico con el extracto acuoso de hojas de Indigofera suffruticosa obtenidos por infusion y la maceracion, se conservo la arquitectura hepatica, lo que sugiere su uso como una alternativa de agente hepatoprotector.
Crypto currencies ’ Internal and External Relations

This thesis is a descriptive statistical analysis of cryptocurrency market and its relation within cryptocurrencies and across asset classes, using correlation functions, orthogonalized impulse response functions and OLS regressions. Consistent with Wang (2014), bitcoin does not suffer from a liquidity trap, even though bitcoin is a decentralized system. This thesis concludes that bitcoin has a lead effect on only 2 out of 8 of the top cryptocurrencies, endowing diversification benefits within cryptocurrency market. This paper provides evidence on cryptocurrency market’s and US equity market’s impulse response dynamics which are insignificant, consistent with Gangwal’s (2016) results that adding cryptocurrencies to a diversified portfolio will yield to a higher Sharpe ratio. Lastly, the study reports bitcoin momentum factor having an impact on banking and financial industries’ excess returns.
Scaling Leaf Measurements to Estimate Whole Canopy Gas Exchanges of Cotton

Diurnal leaf and canopy gas exchanges of well-watered field grown cotton were measured. Our objective was to scale leaf-level values of transpiration and net assimilation to the whole canopy level using estimates of canopy leaf area. Single leaf gas exchange measurements were made with two portable photosynthesis systems and canopy measurements with four open Canopy Evapo-Transpiration and Assimilation (CETA) chamber systems. Canopy leaf area was measured at the end of the experiment and estimated during gas exchange by fitting values to a growth curve. Leaf level measurements were arithmetically scaled to estimate canopy level gas exchange based on canopy leaf area and then compared to the measured values. Scaled values of single leaf transpiration were very similar to canopy transpiration measurements, although both whole canopy transpiration and assimilation were overestimated around mid-day. We conclude that canopy cotton transpiration of well-watered field grown plants could be estimated within 5% throughout the day by scaling leaf level measurements to the whole canopy using measured canopy leaf area. Estimating canopy assimilation from leaf level measurements remains problematic.
DELIQUESCENCE AND EFFLORESCENCE OF SMALL PARTICLES: UNIFYING PERSPECTIVES FROM NUCLEATION THEORY

We examine size dependent deliquescence/efflorescence phase transformation for particles down to several nanometers in size. A thin layer criterion (TLC) is introduced to define a deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) for small particles. The usual bulk deliquescence conditions are recovered in the limit of large dry particle size. Nano-size particles are shown to deliquesce to metastable states via a nucleation process at relative humidity just below the DRH. The nucleation barrier is located at a critical solution layer thickness and vanishes at the DRH defined by the TLC. Methods from nucleation theory form the basis for the analysis and yield new insights into the theory, facilitate the interpretation of measurements, and point to unification of deliquescence and efflorescence processes for particles in the nano regime. Methods include thermodynamic area constructions, Legendre transforms relating the binary free-energy surfaces for deliquescence and efflorescence processes, and application of nucleation theorems.
Wages in High-Tech Start-Ups – Do Academic Spin-Offs Pay a Wage Premium?

Due to their origin in universities, academic spin-offs operate at the forefront of technological development. Therefore, academic spin-offs exhibit a skill-biased labour demand, i.e. academic spin-offs have a high demand for employees with cutting-edge knowledge and technical skills. In order to accommodate this demand, academic spin-offs may have to pay a relative wage premium compared to other high-tech start-ups. However, neither a comprehensive theoretical assessment nor the empirical literature on wages in start-ups unambiguously predicts the existence and the direction of wage differentials between academic spin-offs and non-spin-offs. This paper addresses this research gap and examines empirically whether or not academic spin-offs pay their employees a wage premium. Using a unique linked employer-employee data set of German high-tech start-ups, we estimate Mincer-type wage regressions applying the Hausman-Taylor panel estimator. Our results show that academic spin-offs do not pay a wage premium in general. However, a notable exception to this general result is that academic spin-offs that commercialise new scientific results or methods pay a wage premium to employees with links to the university sector − either as university graduates or as student workers.
Mechanism of the Northward-Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillation: Insights from a Zonally Symmetric Model*

Abstract The propagation and initiation mechanisms of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) in the south Asian summer monsoon are examined with a zonally symmetric atmospheric model. In the axially symmetric model the effects of zonally propagating atmospheric waves are intentionally excluded. The model specifies mean flows and depicts the lowest baroclinic mode and a barotropic mode in the free troposphere. The two vertical modes are coupled by the time-mean vertical wind shear. The model atmosphere produces a 15–20-day oscillation, which is characterized by northward propagation of convection from south of the equator to the Indian monsoon trough region and a reinitiation of convection in the region between 10°S and the equator. The northward propagation in the model is produced by the free troposphere barotropic divergence, which leads convection by about a quarter of a cycle. The vertical advection of summer-mean easterly vertical wind shear by perturbation vertical motion inside the con.
Neck Orientation Body Movement PROPRIOCEPTIONVISION Visual Location World − Centric Visual Input Saccades Head Movement Reaching Navigating ACTION Retinocentric Visual Location Head − Centric Visual Location Body − Centric Visual Location Eye Orientation

A hierarchical neural network model is used to learn, without supervision, sensory-sensory coordinate transformations like those believed to be encoded in the dorsal pathway of the cerebral cortex. The resulting representations of visual space are invariant to eye orientation, neck orientation, or posture in general. These posture invariant spatial representations are learned using the same mechanisms that have previously been proposed to operate in the cortical ventral pathway to learn object representation that are invariant to translation, scale, orientation, or viewpoint in general. This model thus suggests that the same mechanisms of learning and development operate across multiple cortical hierarchies.
Three-dimensional simulations of globule and pillar formation around HII regions: turbulence and shock curvature

Aims. We investigate the interplay between the ionization radiation from massive stars and the turbulence inside the surrounding molecular gas using three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations. Methods. We used the 3D hydrodynamical code HERACLES to model an initial turbulent medium that is ionized and heated by an ionizing source. Three different simulations were performed with different mean Mach numbers (1, 2, and 4). A non-equilibrium model for the ionization and the associated thermal processes was chosen. This turned out to be crucial when turbulent ram pressure is on the same order as the ionized-gas pressure. Results. The density structures initiated by the turbulence cause local curvatures of the dense shell formed by the ionization compression. When the curvature of the shell is sufficient, the shell collapses in on itself to form a pillar, while a smaller curvature leads to the formation of dense clumps that are accelerated with the shell and therefore remain in the shell during the simulation. When the turbulent ram pressure of the cold gas is sufficient to balance the ionized-gas pressure, some dense-gas bubbles have enough kinetic energy to penetrate the ionized medium, forming cometary globules. This suggests that there is a direct relation in the observations between the presence of globules and the relative significance of the turbulence compared to the ionized-gas pressure. The probability density functions present a double peak structure when the turbulence is low relative to the ionized-gas pressure. This could be interpreted in observations as an indication of the turbulence inside molecular clouds.
VNTR analyses demonstrate genotypic heterogeneity 1 of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolates from pigs housed in a 2 region with high pig density 3 4

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. RAPD and VNTR analyses demonstrate genotypic heterogeneity of isolates from pigs housed in a region with high pig density Heiko Nathues, Elisabeth Grosse Beilage, Lothar Kreienbrock, Renate Rosengarten, Joachim Spergser
ADAM17: A Gatekeeper in Immune-Oncology?

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Lowe PR, Corvaia N (2016) ADAM17: A Gatekeeper in Immune-Oncology? Int J Cancer Clin Res 3:058 Received: April 13, 2016: Accepted: June 17, 2016: Published: June 20, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Lowe PR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Lowe et al. Int J Cancer Clin Res 2016, 3:058
Making Asian Learners Talk: Encouraging Willingness to Communicate

Developing English for communicative purposes is a key objective of language classes in many parts of the world. As a logical prerequisite to communication practice, learners need to have Willingness to Communicate (WTC) before they will engage in L2 interaction (Macintyre et al., 1998). Teachers can play an important role in helping learners to develop WTC (Dörnyei, 2007), however, since research into this topic is relatively recent, not much is known about how teachers go about this process. For this reason, the present study investigated teachers’ perceptions of their role in fostering WTC through interviews and questionnaires and compared these with observations of their classroom practices. The research was conducted in New Zealand ESOL class that focused predominantly on communicative skills, catering mostly to Asian learners. The results showed that teachers believed they play a key role in helping learners to develop WTC and identified a range of strategies they used in class. Classroom observations confirmed the use of some strategies although no explicit encouragement of language practice outside the classroom was made. This paper identifies some possible reasons for this mismatch and concludes with practical recommendations for ESOL teachers who wish to support learners’ WTC.
APATITE FISSION-TRACK THERMOCHRONOLOGY OF THE UPPERMOST TECTONIC UNIT OF CRETE , GREECE : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE POST-EOCENE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE HELLENIC SUBDUCTION SYSTEM SH THOMSONI

Apatite fission-track thermochronology is applied to 31 samples from various components of the uppermost tectonic unit of the Island of Crete, Greece. This unit is one of several that presently lie in the hanging wall to a major extensional detachment fault that juxtaposes rocks metamorphosed at high pressure and low temperature during the Late Oligocene Early Miocene below against rocks that lack any Oligo-Miocene metamorphism. The data reveal a phase of accelerated Middle Miocene denudation that can be linked to erosion between ca. 17 Ma and II Ma . The discovery of the base of a denuded apatite partial annealing zone limits the total amount of denudation during this time period to ca. 4km. This implies a mean denudation rate of ca, 650 rnIm.y. Apatite fission-track ages ofup to ca. 30 Ma and shortened confined tracks from high-grade metamorphic rocks of the uppermost tectonic unit require that no significant denudation of these rocks occurred during accretion of the other Cretan tectonic units in the Oligocene I Early Miocene. This information means that significant reevaluation of previous tectonic models of the post-Eocene tectonic development of the Cretan segment of the Hellenic Subduction Zone is required. It is proposed that the Hellenic Subduction Zone has acted as a retreating plate boundary since at least the Late Eocene.
Dual-Function MIMO Radar-Communications Employing Frequency-Hopping Chirp Waveforms

A dual-function radar-communication system is a technology equipped with a joint platform that enables performing a radar function (primary function) and a communication function (secondary function) simultaneously. This duality has become increasingly necessary, since it alleviates congestion and ease competition over frequency spectrum. In this paper, we put forward a technique for information embedding, specifically to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar employing frequency-hopping chirp (FHC) waveforms. We use FHC codes to implement the primary function (i.e., MIMO radar operation), while embedding communication symbol, for example, phase shift keying (PSK), in each FHC code for secondary function (i.e., communication operation). We show that the communication operation does not interfere with the MIMO radar function. In addition, standard ratio testing is used at the communication receiver to detect the embedded PSK symbols. Furthermore, the waveform designed has the superiorities of high range resolution, constant time domain and almost constant frequencydomain modulus, large time-bandwidth product, and low time-delay and frequency-shift correlation peaks. Numerical results show that: 1) data rates can be accurately detected, and thus, several Mbps are achieved in the system; 2) the SER performance characteristics are significantly improved; 3) the orthogonal frequency-hopping chirp waveforms achieve better range and Doppler resolution with reduced sidelobes levels compared to that of conventional frequency hopping waveforms.
Modeling Tourism Development and Long-Run Economic Growth in Aruba

See also the article 'Tourism and Long-run Economic Growth in Aruba' in the International Journal of Tourism Research (2014). Volume 16, issue 5, pages 472-487. Tourism has over the past decades turned into a core activity for accelerated growth. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of tourism in the economy of Aruba. More specifically, this investigation attempts to answer the following questions: (1) is there is a long-run equilibrium relation between tourism development (TD) and economic growth in Aruba? ; and (2) if so, what is the causality direction between TD and economic growth? This exercise involves applying an econometric methodology consisting of unit root testing, cointegration analysis, vector error correction modeling (VECM), and Granger causality testing. The results show there is one cointegrating relation between these two variables, while the VECM comprises both a short- and a long-run relation. The short-run dynamics of the model suggests a speed of correction of 0.25%, meaning that it would take about 10.5 years to correct for disturbances back to equilibrium. The long-run relation indicates that a 1% change in tourism revenues would lead to a 0.49% increase in real GDP in the long-run, ceteris paribus. Our findings have also empirically verified the presence of the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis (TLGH) in the case of Aruba. They show that tourism is in part an endogenous growth process, requiring a systematic allocation of resources (e.g., financial means, leadership, creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship) to sustain its development for local and regional economies.
The various microbial activity at different ammonia nitrogen concentrations for thermophilic and mesophilic biogas processes

Anaerobic digestion of substrates with high content of nitrogen may results in an acetate conversation performed by the slow-growing syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacteria (SAOB). In the present experiment, a mixture of slaughterhouse waste, household waste and glycerol was digested at short hydraulic retention time (17 days) and at high organic loading rate (6.5 g VS/L d). Digestion was performed in the presence of a process additive containing trace elements in an experimental matrix including different temperatures (38/55°C) and diverse ammonium concentrations. The daily methane production was equal in all systems. However, an unexpectedly large difference in biogas production rate was observed. Mesophilic temperature and low ammonia concentration resulted in 87-99% higher biogas production rate compared to both mesophilic and termophilic digestion at high ammonia levels. The microbial analysis confirmed that SAOB were abundant in all reactors, suggesting that acetate degradation works well even though neither aceticlastic methanogens nor syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacteria theoretically should thrive in an environment with high ammonia concentration or short hydraulic retention times.
Evidence from diatom-bound nitrogen isotopes for subarctic Pacific stratification during the last ice age and a link to North Pacific denitrification changes

higher diatom-bound d 15 N, 70 wt % lower opal content and 1200 ppm lower biogenic barium. Taken together and with constraints on sediment accumulation rate, these results suggest a reduced supply of nitrate to the surface due to stronger stratification of the upper water column of the Bering Sea during glacial times, with more complete nitrate consumption resulting from continued iron supply through atmospheric deposition. This finding extends the body of evidence for a pervasive link between cold climates and polar ocean stratification. In addition, we hypothesize that more complete nutrient consumption in the glacial age subarctic Pacific contributed to the previously observed ice age reduction in suboxia and denitrification in the eastern tropical North Pacific by lowering the nutrient content of the intermediate-depth water formed in the subpolar North Pacific. In the deglacial interval of the Bering Sea record, two apparent peaks in export productivity are associated with maxima in diatom-bound and bulk sediment d 15 N. The high d 15 N in these intervals may have resulted from greater surface nutrient consumption during this period. However, the synchroneity of the deglacial peaks in the Bering Sea with similar bulk sediment d 15 N changes in the eastern Pacific margin and the presence of sediment lamination within the Bering Sea during the deposition of the productivity peaks raise the possibility that both regional and local denitrification worked to raise the d 15 N of the nitrate feeding Bering Sea surface waters at these times.
Macroeconomic Risk and Seasonality in Momentum Profits

We contribute to the growing debate on the relation between macroeconomic risk and stock price momentum. Not only is momentum seasonal, so is its net factor exposure. We show that winners and losers only differ in macroeconomic factor loadings in January, the one month when losers overwhelmingly outperform winners. In the remainder of the year, when momentum does exist, winner and loser factor loadings offset nearly completely. Furthermore, the magnitude of macroeconomic risk premia appears to seasonally vary contra momentum. In contrast, the relatively new profitability factor does a much better job of capturing the described seasonality.
A Comparison Study of ADI and LOD Methods on Option Pricing Models

This paper will focus on pricing options in marketing with two basic assets with risk and one basic asset without risk. In so doing, the Black-Scholes model and the European options which is applicable at the due date were used. By investigating the European option to find the proper price, it is necessary to solve an equation with partial derivatives which has two spatial variables. The finite differences will be used for such equations. Finite differences for one dimensional equations commonly ends in a three diagonal set which will be solved by calculation costs O(n) in which n is the number of discrete points. But here, since the problems are two dimensional, the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) and Locally One-Dimensional (LOD) are used to reduce the calculation costs. The open cost is at the level of discrete points and this is the advantage of these methods. Moreover, these methods enjoy acceptable stability. Though ADI and LOD are equal and easy in calculations, evaluating these methods in pricing the option indicates that the ADI method is sensitive to discontinuity or non-derivation which is the common property of income function; therefore, this thesis proposes the LOD method.