Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial Habitat use by Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in the Sierra Foothills

Abstract Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) are endemic to western North America and are found in a diversity of aquatic habitats. To date, few studies have examined the ecology of populations in ephemeral or intermittent ponds. Here, we studied the terrestrial habitat requirements of Western Pond Turtles in an intermittent pond that dries in years with below-average rainfall. We tracked terrestrial movements of Western Pond Turtles in an ephemeral pond at the San Joaquin Experimental Range in Madera County, California, USA, in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada. We used radiotelemetry in 2012–13 to record their terrestrial locations and timing of departure from, and return to, the pond. Also, we examined the terrestrial microhabitat turtles selected for aestivation and overwintering. Turtles began leaving the pond as it dried in the late spring and early summer, spending an average of 235 d out of water, and their return to the pond was correlated with increasing rainfall during late winter. The majority of terrestrial locations were concealed completely in litter or duff and 95% of terrestrial locations during the study occurred within 187 m of the pond edge. Turtles in our study generally exhibited terrestrial habitat use similar to that of populations in intermittent lotic systems such as the many snow-melt and rain-fed rivers in northern California. Our results reinforce the importance of terrestrial habitat in the life history of Western Pond Turtles and the context-dependence of their habitat needs.
Detection of CO J = 1-0 in the z = 3.79 radio galaxy 4C 60.07

We report on the detection of the lowest CO J = 1−0 transition in the powerful high-redshift radio galaxy 4C 60.07 at z = 3.79. The CO emission is distributed in two spatially and kinematically distinct components as was previously known from the observations of the higher excitation CO J = 4−3 line. The total molecular gas mass in 4C 60.07 inferred from the CO J = 1−0 emission is M(H2) � 1.3 × 10 11 M� ,s ufficient to fuel the inferred star-formation rate of ∼1600 Myr −1 for 10 8 yrs. From our high-resolution CO J = 1−0 VLA maps we find the dynamical mass of 4C 60.07 to be comparable to that of a giant elliptical at the present time. A significant fraction of the mass is in the form of molecular gas suggesting that 4C 60.07 is in an early state of its evolution. The merging nature of 4C 60.07 along with its large dynamical mass imply that this system is a giant elliptical caught in its formative stages.
Three-Dimensional T 2-Weighted Imaging of the Brain Using Very Long Spin-Echo Trains

Spin-echo trains used in clinical fast-SE-based imaging generally employ high flip angles (>100 ̊) for the refocusing RF pulses. The echo-train durations are typically less than the T2s of interest for short effective-TEs or less than two to three times these T2s for long effective-TEs. For brain imaging at 1.5T, these limits yield echo-train durations of <100ms and <300ms, respectively. Longer durations can degrade image contrast and cause artifacts such as blurring.
Clinical and Histologic Features of 26 Canine Peripheral Giant Cell Granulomas ( Formerly Giant Cell

Clinical and histologic features of 26 cases of canine peripheral giant cell granuloma (formerly giant cell epulis) are reported. Two main histologic categories were evident: (1) ‘‘classic’’ peripheral giant cell granuloma, characterized by variable numbers of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) admixed with densely cellular mononuclear spindle-shaped cells in variable amounts of collagenous matrix, and (2) the ‘‘collision’’ peripheral giant cell granuloma, with features of both a peripheral giant cell granuloma and a fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin. In the 16 dogs for which the outcome was known, 2 peripheral giant cell granulomas recurred after excision. No age or sex predilection was evident; however, lesions were more common in maxillary than in mandibular gingiva. In contrast to cats, peripheral giant cell granulomas in dogs behave like fibromatous epulides of periodontal ligament origin and seldom recur after excision. Positive staining with TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) of the MNGCs and a fraction of the mononuclear cell population is consistent with osteoclastic origin.
Do Analysts Disclose Cash Flow Forecasts with Earnings Estimates When Earnings Quality is Low?

Cash flows are incrementally useful to earnings in security valuation mainly when earnings quality is low. This suggests that when earnings quality decreases, analysts will be more likely to supplement their earnings forecasts with cash flow estimates. Contrary to this prediction, we find that analysts do not disclose cash flow forecasts when the quality of earnings is low. This is because cash flow forecast accuracy depends on the accuracy of the accrual estimates and the precision of accrual forecasts decreases for firms with low quality earnings. Consequently, as earnings quality decreases, cash flow forecasts become increasingly inaccurate compared to earnings estimates. Cash flow estimates that lack reliability are not useful to investors and, consequently, unlikely to be reported by analysts. This result provides an explanation for why analysts are less likely to report cash flow estimates when earnings quality is low.
Efficient Curve 25519 Implementation for ARM Microcontrollers

This work investigates efficient and secure implementations of Curve25519 to build a key exchange protocol on an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller, along with the related signature scheme Ed25519 and a digital signature scheme proposal called qDSA. As result, performance-critical operations, such as modular multiplication, are greatly optimized; in this particular case, a 50% speedup is achieved, impacting the performance of higher-level protocols.
Ensemble Solute Transport in 2-D Operator-Scaling Random 1 Fields

1. Abstract Motivated by field measurements of aquifer hydraulic con5 ductivity (K), recent techniques were developed to construct 6 anisotropic fractal random fields, in which the scaling, or 7 self-similarity parameter, varies with direction and is de8 fined by a matrix. Ensemble numerical results are analyzed 9 for solute transport through these 2-D “operator-scaling” 10 fractional Brownian motion (fBm) ln(K) fields. Both the 11 longitudinal and transverse Hurst coefficients, as well as the 12 “radius of isotropy” are important to both plume growth 13 rates and the timing and duration of breakthrough. It is 14 possible to create osfBm fields that have more “continuity” 15 or stratification in the direction of transport. The effects 16 on a conservative solute plume are continually faster-than17 Fickian growth rates, highly non-Gaussian shapes, and a 18 heavier tail early in the breakthrough curve. Contrary to 19 some analytic stochastic theories for monofractal K fields, 20 the plume growth rates never exceed Mercado’s [1967] purely 21 stratified aquifer growth rate of plume apparent dispersivity 22 proportional to mean distance. Apparent super-stratified 23 growth must be the result of other demonstrable factors, 24 such as initial plume size. 25
3 Genetic Modifiers of Disease : Somatic Expansion and Chromatin

Instability of repetitive DNA sequences within the genome is associated with a number of human diseases. The expansion of trinucleotide repeats is recognized as a major cause of neurological and neuromuscular diseases, and progress in understanding the mutations over the last 20 years has been substantial. Here we provide a brief summary of progress with an emphasis on technical advances at different stages.
The Role of Rhyme Awareness in Learning to Read a Regular Orthography

The present research examined whether children's awareness of phonological similarities between words with respect to rhyme and consonantal word onset is of the same importance for learning to read German as it was found to be for learning to read English. In two longitudinal studies differences in phonological sensitivity among children before learning to read (at age 6 to 7) were tested with versions of Bradley & Bryant's (1985) oddity detection task. Children's reading and spelling achievements were tested about one year later at the end of grade one, and again at around the age of 10. The main finding was a developmental change in the predictive relationship of rhyme and word-onset awareness. Rhyme awareness was only minimally predictive for reading and spelling achievement at the end of grade one, but gained substantially in predictive importance for reading and spelling achievement in grades three and four. No such predictive improvement was observed for word-onset awareness. It is proposed that rhyme awareness is initially of little importance, because in the first phase of learning to read German children rely heavily on indirect word recognition via grapheme-phoneme translation and blending. The gain in the predictive importance of rhyme awareness is explained by its helpful effect on the establishment of mental representations of written words. Such mental representations allow fast, direct word recognition and orthographically correct spellings. Awareness of larger phonological units is helpful for the efficient establishment of such representations, by allowing connections of recurring grapheme clusters in written words with phonology.
The Effectiveness of Reciprocal Peer Tutoring (RPT) On the Academic Performance of Students in Mathematics

The importance of facilitating study and practice materials that are consistent with graded assessments and instructional objectives is well known, if not commonly used, in educational practice. This study focused on the effectiveness of Reciprocal Peer Tutoring (RPT) against the traditional approach in learning. A well-established procedure of RPT was developed for an effective peer tutoring process that can be implemented with a minimum of teacher participation was used in this study. Students engaging in RPT are paired at random and given instruction on how to prepare practice exercises and or multiple choice format tests within the scope of the topic as Indicated in study guides provided to them. During an RPT activity, each student of a dyad is independently responsible for synthesizing course content, preparing math exercises and constructing multiple-choice format test questions, complete with answers and explanation. Each dyad then administers practice test to each other every RPT session and prior to formal class examinations. Group monitors are also appointed to give feedback on RPT activities and also served as on-Line peer tutor via e-mail. This one-on-one email-based mentoring will enable students under RPT group and the researcher to thrive in the online learning environment. Access to lesson outlines and sample problems through @yahoogroups.com was established. Likewise, posting of assignments aligned to e-tutor lesson modules can be accessed through the same e-tutor bulletin board. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of RPT on the academic performance of engineering students in College Algebra was conducted at New Era University, College of Engineering and Technology during the second semester of Academic Year 2008-2009 with a sample size of 35 first year engineering students for each sample group using cluster sampling method. It was found that RPT Intervention was more effective in causing significant increase in student’s performance and RPT was a more effective strategy than that of the traditional chalk and board to improve student’s performance In College Algebra. Based on the findings and conclusions, the researcher recommended considering the use of RPT as an alternative instructional Intervention to improve student’s performance In College Algebra and in other courses. Furthermore, it was recommended to modify/strengthen the research to determine whether RPT procedures can be redesigned to make them more meaningful for the learning needs of college students.
Effects of Relationship/Marriage Education on Co-Parenting and Children's Social Skills: Examining Rural Minority Parents' Experiences.

Research indicates that the quality of co-parenting and couple relationships has an impact on parenting and on children's development, including their social skills and academic abilities. However, few applied studies have tested whether efforts to enhance the couple and coparenting relationship result in benefits to the children, and no research exists that tests these assumptions with underrepresented populations. This article provides information on an ongoing novel study of Head Start parents and their children. An initial cohort of 80 primarily African American, low-income parents participated in a quasi-experimental study as either participants in a relationship education program or as participant controls. Relationship education participants completed a 6-week community education program focusing on couple and co-parenting dynamics and relationship quality. Relationship education participants demonstrated better outcomes than the control participants in the area of co-parenting disagreements and reported positive effects on preschool children's social competence. Participants' scores on both measures show significant improvement at one-year follow-up, while control parents and their children demonstrate more co-parenting disagreements and decreases in children's social competence. This promising early finding, if validated through final results of the study, may lead to enhanced family programming that includes marriage and relationship education as a means to promote more prosocial behaviors in children.
A PETROLOGICAL, GEOCHEMICAL, ISOTOPIC AND FLUID-INCLUSION STUDY OF 370 Ma PEGMATITE–APLITE SHEETS, PEGGYS COVE, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA

Dans la region de Peggys Cove, dans le sud de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, on trouve une abondance de couches sub-horizontales zonees contenant aplite et pegmatite granitiques a tourmaline recoupant le leucomonzogranite du batholite hyperalumineux de South Mountain (372 Ma), enrichi localement en xenolites metasedimentaires. La muscovite extraite de l'aplite, la pegmatite, et des assemblages a quartz - muscovite - tourmaline des poches miarolitiques produit des spectres 4 0 Ar/ 3 9 Ar plats indiquant un âge de 370 Ma. Les observations petrographiques concordent avec l'hypothese d'un refroidissement rapide suite a la cristallisation et une alteration deuterique minimale, quoiqu'un degre d'ordre Al/Si erratique du feldspath fait penser a une deformation heterogene. tout comme une extinction roulante dans le quartz; il semble donc que la formation de la pegmatite se soit faite dans un milieu dynamique. Les compositions des roches globales et des mineraux indiquent que les echantillons d'aplite et de pegmatite ne sont pas geochimiquement evolues par rapport aux exemples dans les banques globales de donnees geochimiques pour de telles roches. Les donnees a propos des terres rares sur roches globales montrent que les aplites ne pourraient pas etre derivees d'un magma leucomonzogranitique par simple cristallisation fractionnee. Les valeurs de δ 1 8 O pour les roches globales, entre +11.7 et +14.7‰, et les mineraux, sont elevees par rapport aux donnees sur les roches du batholite de South Mountain (entre +8.5 et +12.5‰), et montrent que le bain fondu qui a genere la pegmatite avait atteint l'equilibre avec un materiau metasedimentaire a la source. Les etudes des inclusions fluides indiquent une cristallisation d'un magma qui a exsolve une phase fluide moderement saline (20-25% en poids de NaCI ou equivalent), et limitent la formation de la pegmatite a environ 600-650°C a 3-3.5 kbar. Des signes abondants d'une decrepitation des inclusions indiquent que le milieu de formation subissait d'importants changements en pression, ce qui concorde avec l'extinction roulante du quartz et la mise en ordre du feldspath potassique. D'apres les observations et les donnees, nous proposons une modele de devolatilisation des xenolithes metasedimentaires, abondants dans les roches hotes, pour expliquer la generation locale de magma enrichi en bore au cours de periodes de variations en pression de la phase fluide, en partie liees aux contraintes regionales. Ces pegmatites a tourmaline ne resultent donc pas de processus conventionnels de fractionnement a un stade tardif d'evolution d'un magma granitique. Les textures des pegmatites, par exemple le developpement de cristaux de feldspath potassique en peigne, et des aplites concordent avec une seule periode de dilatation et de mise en place en couches du magma.
Responses of problematic algae to algaecide exposures

8 Introduction 9 Materials and methods 10 Results 14 Discussion 15 Acknowledgements 18 Literature cited 19 List of figures 27 III. RESPONSES OF LYNGBYA MAGNIFICA GARDNER TO AN ALGAECIDE EXPOSURE IN THE LABORATORY AND FIELD 31 Abstract 3
Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Wheat Straw for Full Carbohydrates Biorefinery

Liquid hot water (LHW) and alkali-promoted LHW pretreatments of wheat straw were comparatively studied at temperatures from 100 °C to 180 °C to investigate their ethanol production and pentose recovery. An amount of 4.52 g/L ethanol was obtained by fermentation from the synergistic substrate treated with LHW under optimal temperature (140 oC) and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). Under these conditions, the recovery rate of pentose was 48.8% and 58.1% for xylose and arabinose, respectively. After the pretreatment and bioconversion processes, 20.3% cellulose, 10.5% xylan, and 19.5% lignin remained solid. The alkali promoter introduced into LHW enhanced the bioconversion efficiency of the substrate, which resulted in 5.82 g/L ethanol, and 57.5% xylose and 59.0% arabinose recovery, respectively. The results from this study contributed an effective manner for co-production of ethanol and pentose, enlarging the utilization efficiency of carbohydrates.
Femtosecond Photoionization of Ion Beam Desorbed Aliphatic and Aromatic Amino Acids: Fragmentation via α-Cleavage Reactions

We report the photoionization of ion beam desorbed amino acids using femtosecond laser pulses at 195 and 260 nm. Ionization of ion-desorbed glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine using 195 nm laser pulses is found to produce almost exclusively a decarboxylated ion fragment, while tyrosine and tryptophan produce a functional group cation. The adiabatic ionization potentials for the former amino acids correspond to the removal of an electron from the amine nitrogen atom, while for tyrosine and tryptophan it corresponds to the removal of an electron from the aromatic functional group. We find that fragmentation is initiated by the formation of a radical site which leads to an α-cleavage reaction and, depending upon which electron is removed, results in the formation of a decarboxylated ion or a functional group ion. These results indicate that a significant fraction of the amino acids are desorbed intact, but are fragmented when ionized. Except for leucine, isoleucine, and phenylala.
Bats in the dry and wet Pantanal

1Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul,79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil 3Faculdade Intercultural Indígena, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, 79825-070 Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil 4Laboratório de Evolução, Sistemática e Ecologia de Aves e Mamíferos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Quantifying the Strength of Soil Moisture–Precipitation Coupling and Its Sensitivity to Changes in Surface Water Budget

Abstract This paper presents a new index to quantify the strength of soil moisture–precipitation coupling in AGCMs and explores how the soil moisture–precipitation coupling in Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3)–Community Land Model version 3 (CAM3–CLM3) responds to parameterization-induced surface water budget changes. Specifically, this study (a) compares the regions of strong coupling identified by the newly proposed index and the index currently used in the Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE); (b) examines how the surface water budget changes influence the strength of soil moisture–precipitation coupling as measured by the two indexes, respectively; and (c) examines how these changes influence the memory of the coupled land–atmosphere system as measured by the correlation between soil moisture and subsequent precipitation. The new index and the GLACE index are consistent in identifying central North America and West Africa as major regions of strong coupling during June–August (.
First record of Trochulus clandestinus (Hartmann, 1821) in Austria (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Hygromiidae)

The north-west alpine distributed hairy snail Trochulus clandestinus (Hartmann, 1821) was recorded for the first time from Austria. Two living specimens were found in Vorarlberg 11 July 2016. The animals were subjected to genetic barcoding and their genital organs were dissected. The taxonomic situation within north-west alpine species of the genus Trochulus is not unambiguously resolved, but the assignment of the Austrian specimens as T. clandestinus is the most reliable at the current state of knowledge. The habitat of the Austrian location concurs with those of autochthonous populations in Switzerland. Nevertheless, for now it cannot be clearly stated whether the species settled in Vorarlberg directly after the end of the last glaciation or whether the current finding is a result of recent anthropogenic introduction.
Third-order equations nonlinear ordinary differential equations . II . On the complete integrability and linearization of References

References lated-urls http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/462/2070/1831.full. html#re Article cited in: html#ref-list-1 http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/462/2070/1831.full. This article cites 15 articles, 1 of which can be accessed free Email alerting service here the box at the top right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in
Production of massive particles during reheating

What is commonly called the reheat temperature, ${T}_{\mathrm{RH}},$ is not the maximum temperature obtained after inflation. The maximum temperature is, in fact, much larger than ${T}_{\mathrm{RH}}. $ As an application of this we consider the production of massive stable dark-matter particles of mass ${M}_{X}$ during reheating, and show that their abundance is suppressed as a power of ${T}_{\mathrm{RH}}{/M}_{X}$ rather than $\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}{M}_{X}{/T}_{\mathrm{RH}})$. We find that particles of mass as large as $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ times the reheat temperature may be produced in interesting abundance. In addition to dark matter, our analysis is relevant for baryogenesis if the baryon asymmetry is produced by the baryon (or lepton) number violating decays of superheavy bosons, and also for relic ultra-high energy cosmic rays if decays of superheavy particles are responsible for the highest energy cosmic rays.