Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food allergy: an overdiagnosed but underappreciated problem.

Food allergy, an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly on exposure to a given food, is a common clinical problem and has had much attention in the lay press recently. The National Institutes of Health just released a landmark publication on food allergy: ‘‘The Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in the United States: Report of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel. ’’ This comprehensive document discusses the definition and epidemiology of food allergy and provides recommendations on diagnosis and management. Food allergy is self-reported in 12Y13% of Americans, but is confirmed by food challenge in only 3% of the population. This overdiagnosis can lead to a lack of awareness of the impact of food allergy in both physicians and the general population. In this issue, Dr. Zuber Mulla reminds us of the potentially life-threatening reactions seen with food allergy. They report on hospitalizations due to peanut allergy in children and young adults over a three-year period in Texas. Thirty-four patients were identified, of whom 6 required mechanical ventilation. The average cost per admission was $10,353.50. The risk of intubation was almost 16 times higher for asthmatics versus nonasthmatics. This is consistent with older studies in which the two main risk factors for fatal reactions in food allergic patients were asthma and a delay in the administration of epinephrine. In these same studies fatal reactions occurred more commonly in adolescents and young adults. In this study the hospitalization rate was highest in children younger than 5 years old but we do not know if these reactions were as severe as those in older patients. This study gives us further reason to take food allergy seriously. All cases of possible IgE-mediated food allergy should be confirmed with a combination of skin-prick testing and/or specific IgE determination and possibly oral challenges. Patients with food allergy and asthma, severe reactions to any food, or allergy to peanuts, nuts, or seafood should be given self-injectable epinephrine and information on food avoidance. More than 80% of fatal food reactions occur in patients already aware of their food allergy. This highlights the need for increased vigilance and education. The Food Allergy Network (www.foodallergy.org) is an excellent source of patient information. Some physicians believe that young children do not require self-injectable epinephrine due to milder selflimited reactions, but this study supports its provision regardless of age, even in infants. Although the majority of children outgrow milk and egg allergies, unfortunately peanut allergy is only outgrown in 20% of patients. There is promising work under way with oral peanut desensitization, but currently the only therapy for peanut allergy is food avoidance and preparation for management of acute reactions. Although all patients with food allergyYinduced anaphylaxis should see an allergist, before patients leave the hospital or emergency room they should already have received self-injectable epinephrine and early education.
Quantitative evaluation of permanent outages in distribution systems

This paper is primarily concerned with the formulation of a group of simple equations which can be used to provide numerical estimates of the rates and durations of system load point failures. The reliability indices obtained by an existing approximate technique2and by the equations developed in this paper are compared with those obtained by a Markov approach using a two state weather model. An equivalent component formation method suggested in the literature5is investigated. The paper shows that this method gives results which are no better than those obtained by the approximate technique2. The modified equations presented in this paper provide reliability indices which compare very closely with those calculated by the Markov approach. The concepts developed are extended to more complex configurations in which loadpoint reliability parameters are obtained by the technique of failure modes and effects analysis and therefore eliminate the necessity of forming equivalent components.
Induction of interleukin-8 secretion from gastric epithelial cells by a cagA negative isogenic mutant of Helicobacter pylori.

The ability of Helicobacter pylori strains to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression and protein secretion from gastric epithelial cell lines in vitro is variable. This cellular response is associated with bacterial expression of the CagA protein present in type I H pylori strains. To determine the role of CagA in this host cell response, an isogenic cagA negative mutant, N6.XA3, was constructed. The cagA negative isogenic mutant and the wild-type parental cagA positive strain, N6, were cocultured with AGS, ST-42 and KATO-3 gastric epithelial cell lines and secreted interleukin-8 assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In all three cell lines there was no significant difference in the IL-8 secretion induced by the cagA negative isogenic mutant, N6.XA3, and the wild-type parent strain, N6. These studies show that CagA is not the inducer of IL-8 secretion from gastric epithelial cells. As all wild-type CagA positive strains studied to date induce IL-8, the bacterial factor(s) inducing this inflammatory response is closely associated with the expression of CagA.
Combining Contextual and Modal Action Information into a Weighted Multikernel SVM for Human Action Recognition

Understanding human activities is one of the most challenging modern topics for robots. Either for imitation or anticipation, robots must recognize which action is performed by humans when they operate in a human environment. Action classification using a Bag of Words (BoW) representation has shown computational simplicity and good performance, but the increasing number of categories, including actions with high confusion, and the addition, especially in human robot interactions, of significant contextual and multimodal information has led most authors to focus their efforts on the combination of image descriptors. In this field, we propose the Contextual and Modal MultiKernel Learning Support Vector Machine (CMMKL-SVM). We introduce contextual information -objects directly related to the performed action by calculating the codebook from a set of points belonging to objectsand multimodal information -features from depth and 3D images resulting in a set of two extra modalities of information in addition to RGB images-. We code the action videos using a BoW representation with both contextual and modal information and introduce them to the optimal SVM kernel as a linear combination of single kernels weighted by learning. Experiments have been carried out on two action databases, CAD-120 and HMDB. The upturn achieved with our approach attained the same results for high constrained databases with respect to other similar approaches of the state of the art and it is much better as much realistic is the database, reaching a performance improvement of 14.27% for HMDB.
The Missing Satellite Problem in 3D

It is widely believed that the large discrepancy between the observed number of satellite galaxies and the predicted number of dark subhaloes can be resolved via a variety of baryonic effects which suppress star formation in low-mass haloes. Supporting this hypothesis, numerous high-resolution simulations with star formation and associated feedback have been shown to reproduce the satellite luminosity function around Milky Way-mass simulated galaxies at redshift zero. However, a more stringent test of these models is their ability to simultaneously match the satellite luminosity functions of a range of host halo masses and redshifts. In this work, we measure the luminosity function of faint (sub-Small Magellanic Cloud luminosity) satellites around hosts with stellar masses 10.5 < log_(10)M*/M⊙ < 11.5 to an unprecedented redshift of 1.5. This new measurement of the satellite luminosity function provides powerful new constraining power; we compare these results with predictions from four different simulations and show that although the models perform similarly overall, no one model reproduces the satellite luminosity function reliably at all redshifts and host stellar masses. This result highlights the continued need for improvement in understanding the fundamental physics that governs satellite galaxy evolution.
Voice and Context in Eighteenth-Century Verse: order in Variety

This volume arises from the Bill Overton Memorial Conference on ‘Eighteenth-Century Poetry’ convened in September 2013 by Dr Joanna Fowler, Professor Elaine Hobby and Professor Allan Ingram. The subject of the conference was chosen because of Bill’s career-long enthusiasm for and engagement with eighteenth-century verse, most evident in his work on the poetry of the ‘Anonymous Lady’, on the verse epistle and in the edition of the poetry of Lord Hervey on which he was working when he died in September 2012.
Infectivity of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in inner city homes.

Drs. Richard Riley and Allan Moodie have provided valuable information on the "Infectivity of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Inner City Homes" in the REVIEW (1974, 110, 810) . I would hope that one of the modifications of the continuing study will be the inclusion of a skin test at approximately 10 weeks in order to document more exactly the time of infection. The large interval between the 6th and the 20th week following the first test might have been too long. Another possibility should be considered to ex· plain the absence of late conversions in contacts of patients treated at home. The observation is also consistent with the hypothesis that all of the suscePtible contacts had already been infected by the time the index case was identified, leaving only those with heightened natm·al resistance at risk of subsequent infection. I believe that both factors, loss of infectivity after initiation of chemotherapy and previous infection of the more susceptible contacts, were operative.
Delayed hypersensitivity and arthus reactivity in relation to host resistance in salmonella-infected mice.

Mice vaccinated with living S. enteritidis or S. gallinarum but not with S. pullorum showed a typical delayed-type hypersensitive reaction when injected in the footpad with a protein-containing fraction obtained from cultures of the three strains. Mice immunized with killed suspensions of the three strains developed Arthus but not delayed sensitivity. The active material in the cell-free culture medium was partially purified by chromatography and high speed centrifugation. Delayed reactivity was transferable to normal mice by spleen cells but not by the serum obtained from mice vaccinated with living S. gallinarum. A close temporal relationship was formed between the development of delayed hypersensitivity and the emergence of effective antibacterial immunity. Arthus sensitivity showed no such correlation. S. pullorum whether given as a single dose of living organisms or repeatedly as daily intravenous injections, failed to induce a state of delayed hypersensitivity or any demonstrable antibacterial immunity to an intravenously-injected challenge by S. enteritidis. However, this organism contained an antigen that elicited delayed reaction in mice immunized with S. enteritidis or S. gallinarum. The significance of this observation is discussed.
Expression of the Epithelial Marker E-Cadherin by Thyroid C Cells and Their Precursors During Murine Development

Studies of chick–quail chimeras have reported that avian ultimobranchial C cells originate from the neural crest. It has consequently been assumed, without much supporting evidence, that mammalian thyroid C cells also originate from the neural crest. To test this notion, we employed both Connexin43-lacZ and Wnt1-Cre/R26R transgenic mice, because their neural crest cells can be marked. We also examined the immunohistochemical expression of a number of markers that identify migratory or postmigratory neural crest cells, namely, TuJ1, neurofilament 160, nestin, P75NTR, and Sox10. Moreover, we examined the expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial cell marker. At embryonic day (E)10.5, the neural crest cells densely populated the pharyngeal arches but were not distributed in the pharyngeal pouches, including the fourth pouch. At E11.5, the ultimobranchial rudiment formed from the fourth pouch and was located close to the fourth arch artery. At E13.0, this organ came into contact with the thyroid lobe, and at E13.5, it fused with this lobe. However, the ultimobranchial body was not colonized by neural crest–derived cells at any of these developmental stages. Instead, all ultimobranchial cells, as well as the epithelium of the fourth pharyngeal pouch, were intensely immunoreactive for E-cadherin. Furthermore, confocal microscopy of newborn mouse thyroid glands revealed colocalization of calcitonin and E-cadherin in the C cells. The cells, however, were not marked in the Wnt-Cre/R26R mice. These results indicated that murine thyroid C cells are derived from the endodermal epithelial cells of the fourth pharyngeal pouch and do not originate from neural crest cells. (J Histochem Cytochem 55: 1075–1088, 2007)
Prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder among Korean Adolescents and Associations with Non-psychotic Psychological Symptoms, and Physical Aggression.

OBJECTIVE We examined the prevalence rates of Internet gaming disorder among South Korean middle school students, the dominant symptoms of Internet gaming disorder, and the interrelationships between such disorder and non-psychotic psychological symptoms (ie, anxiety, depression, and impulsiveness) and with physical aggression. METHODS Data were collected from a national sample of 2024 students (70.3% gamers; 50.6% boys). Gaming disorder and prevalent symptoms were measured by the 9 diagnostic criteria proposed in DSM-5. RESULTS Our results showed 5.9% of the sample (boys 10.4%, girls 1.2%) was classified as adolescents with gaming disorder. Meanwhile, 8% (boys 14.2%, girls 5.9%) of the sample was found to be at high risk of gaming disorder. The prevalent symptoms were mood modification, behavioral salience, conflict, withdrawal, and relapse, in that order. A total of 9.2%, 15.1%, and 10.9% of the adolescents with gaming disorder had non-psychotic psychological anxiety, depression, and impulsiveness symptoms, respectively. Nearly 11% of students with Internet gaming disorder had 2 non-psychotic psychological symptoms or more. CONCLUSION These results provide supportive empirical evidence that Internet gaming disorder can lead to severe distress and that it can be associated with comorbid symptoms that are relevant to development or continuance of the gaming disorder.
Root coverage with a coronally positioned flap used in combination with enamel matrix derivative: 18-month clinical evaluation.

BACKGROUND Ginigival recession can be successfully treated with coronally positioned flaps. Twelve-month data failed to demonstrate that topical application of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) used in combination with the coronally positioned flap enhances clinical outcomes of the surgical technique used alone. This study was designed to examine the effects of EMD combined with the coronally positioned flap over an 18-month postoperative period. METHODS Thirty patients presenting with Miller Class I or II gingival recessions on single-rooted teeth participated in this parallel-design clinical study. Six weeks after phase I therapy, recession areas were surgically treated with a coronally positioned flap for root coverage. Teeth in the experimental group received EMD treatment of the exposed root, whereas control teeth did not. Clinical parameters evaluated at baseline and 18 months postoperatively included gingival recession, clinical attachment level, probing depth, and the apico-coronal dimension of the keratinized tissue. RESULTS Compared to baseline, 18-month measurements showed a significant reduction in probing depth, gain in attachment level, and decrease in gingival recession for control and experimental groups. When the results of the two treatment groups were compared, the experimental group presented with significantly greater root coverage than the control group (2.66 +/- 0.61 mm versus 1.73 +/- 0.70 mm, respectively), more gain in clinical attachment than the control group (2.80 +/- 0.76 mm versus 2.06 +/- 0.70 mm, respectively), and a greater gain in the apico-coronal dimension of the keratinized tissue than the control group (0.13 +/- 0.06 mm versus -0.06 +/- 0.01 mm, respectively). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that topical application of EMD is beneficial in augmenting the effects of the coronally positioned flap in terms of amount of root coverage, gain in clinical attachment, and in increasing the apico-coronal dimension of the keratinized tissue.
Get excited 1 RUNNING HEAD: Reappraising anxiety as excitement GET EXCITED: REAPPRAISING PRE-PERFORMANCE ANXIETY AS EXCITEMENT IMPROVES PERFORMANCE

Individuals often feel anxious in anticipation of tasks such as speaking in public or meeting with a boss. Feeling anxious immediately before or during performance tasks drains working memory, decreases self-confidence, and harms performance. Anticipating the harmful effects of anxiety, many people attempt to down-regulate anxiety. We find that an overwhelming majority of people believe trying to calm down is the best way to cope with pre-performance anxiety. However, across several studies involving karaoke singing, public speaking, and math performance, we demonstrate that reappraising anxiety as excitement is more effective. Compared to individuals who attempt to calm themselves down, individuals who reappraise their pre-performance anxiety as excitement increase their self-confidence, adopt an opportunity mindset (as opposed to a threat mindset), and improve their subsequent performance.
Resolution and uncertainty in 1D CSEM inversion: A Bayesian approach and open-source implementation

We show that resolution and uncertainty in CSEM inversion is most naturally approached using a Bayesian framework. Resolution can be inferred by either hierarchical models with free parameters for effective correlation lengths (“Bayesian smoothing”), or model–choice frameworks applied to variable resolution spatial models (“Bayesian splitting/merging”). We find that typical 1D CSEM data can be modelled with quite parsimonious models, typically O(10) parameters per common midpoint. Efficient opt imizations for the CSEM problem must address the challenges of poor scaling, strong nonlinearity, multimodality and the necessity of bound constraints. The posterior parameter uncertainties are frequently controlled by the nonlinearity, and linearised approaches to uncertainty are usually very poor. In Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches the nonlinearity and poor scaling make good mixing hard to achieve. A novel, approximate frequentist method we call the Bayesianized parametric bootstrap (sometimes called randomized maximum likelihood) is much more efficient than MCMC in this problem, is considerably better than linearized analysis, but tends to modestly overstate uncertainties. The software that implements these ideas for the 1D CSEM problem is made available under an open–source license agreement.
Exporting professional models: the expansion of the multinational audit firm and the transformation of the French accountancy profession since 1970

This paper analyses the transformations since 1970 in the French accountancy profession induced by the globalisation of France's economy. The growing internationalisation of French companies and the opening up of French financial markets to foreign investment are clearly identified as key factors in the multinational audit firms' expansion on the French professional services market. Far from offering a solely market-based argument, however, the paper introduces the professional model concept to examine how those firms have adapted to the French professional environment. While the Anglo-American professional tradition was able to generate the model of the big multinational firm and place it at the apex of professional practice, the French ideal of professionalism long equated independent practice with small practice under the protection of the State. The paper relates the various episodes in the progressive displacement of the French audit practitioner model by the Big firm model, and the ensuing redistribution of intra-professional hierarchies within the French profession. The Big firm model's success is analysed as resulting just as much from its greater capacity to meet the needs of major companies, and its ability to espouse local ways of producing social elitism, as from local professionals' failure to develop an alternative model able to compete with the multinational firm.
Accumulation of ligands for aryl hydrocarbon and sex steroid receptors in fish exposed to treated effluent from a bleached sulfite/groundwood pulp and paper mill

The accumulation of ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and fish sex steroid receptors was investigated using two separate controlled fish exposures to final effluent from a bleached sulfite/groundwood mill in New Brunswick, Canada. In the first experiment, hepatic tissue extracts from exposed fish were fractionated according to lipophilicity. Fractions with different octanol‐water (Kow) partition coefficients were tested for the presence of bioavailable chemicals that function as ligands for the AhR in H4IIE cells, rainbow trout hepatic estrogen receptors (ER), goldfish testicular androgen receptors (AR), and goldfish sex steroid binding protein (SSBP). Fish accumulated ligands for each receptor after 4‐d exposure to effluent. Single fractions contained ligands for the AhR and the ER, while multiple fractions competed for the AR and SSBP. Fish also accumulated ligands for the AhR and SSBP from Saint John River dilution water, indicating upstream sources of bioactive substances. Semipermeable‐membrane devices deployed concurrently with fish accumulated ligands from effluent for all receptors except the ER. In the second experiment, accumulated ligands were evaluated after exposure of fish to effluent for two different durations and following a depuration period. Hepatic mixed function oxygenase activity and whole‐liver hormonal activity, measured as binding to SSBP, returned to background following 6 d depuration and were reduced but still significant after 12‐d exposure to effluent. Whole‐liver extract affinities for the AR were maintained after extended exposure and depuration, indicating the potential for AR ligands to bioaccumulate. The accumulation of AhR ligands and ligands for sex steroid receptors provides a mechanistic linkage to effects on growth, development, and performance of fish exposed to effluent from this and other mills.