Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of the chronic administration of caffeine on adipose mass and lipid profile of Wistar rats

This work aimed at verifying the effect of the chronic ingestion of caffeine on body weight and adiposity of Wistar rats. Sixteen male Wistar rats weighting on average 240 g were divided into two groups, one control and the other caffeine-treated (5 mg kg -1 , orally) for five weeks. At the end, the groups were evaluated for their differences in body weight; weight of the periepididymal, retroperitoneal, subcutaneous and mesenteric fat pads; size of the retroperitoneal adipocytes; liver and heart weight; glycemia and plasma lipids. Statistically significant differences were observed in adipocyte size and total serum cholesterol, while the results for the other parameters were not statistically different. Therefore, this study showed that, using an oral dose of caffeine within acceptable (non toxic) limits, it is possible to reduce the size of adipocytes of non-obese Wistar rats, as well as to reduce the serum cholesterol levels, even in the absence of physical activity or other active compounds.
Forcing of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics during the Dalton Minimum

Abstract. The response of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics to volcanic eruptions and to a decrease in solar activity during the Dalton Minimum is investigated with the fully coupled atmosphere–ocean chemistry general circulation model SOCOL-MPIOM (modeling tools for studies of SOlar Climate Ozone Links-Max Planck Institute Ocean Model) covering the time period 1780 to 1840 AD. We carried out several sensitivity ensemble experiments to separate the effects of (i) reduced solar ultra-violet (UV) irradiance, (ii) reduced solar visible and near infrared irradiance, (iii) enhanced galactic cosmic ray intensity as well as less intensive solar energetic proton events and auroral electron precipitation, and (iv) volcanic aerosols. The introduced changes of UV irradiance and volcanic aerosols significantly influence stratospheric dynamics in the early 19th century, whereas changes in the visible part of the spectrum and energetic particles have smaller effects. A reduction of UV irradiance by 15%, which represents the presently discussed highest estimate of UV irradiance change caused by solar activity changes, causes global ozone decrease below the stratopause reaching as much as 8% in the midlatitudes at 5 hPa and a significant stratospheric cooling of up to 2 °C in the mid-stratosphere and to 6 °C in the lower mesosphere. Changes in energetic particle precipitation lead only to minor changes in the yearly averaged temperature fields in the stratosphere. Volcanic aerosols heat the tropical lower stratosphere, allowing more water vapour to enter the tropical stratosphere, which, via HOx reactions, decreases upper stratospheric and mesospheric ozone by roughly 4%. Conversely, heterogeneous chemistry on aerosols reduces stratospheric NOx, leading to a 12% ozone increase in the tropics, whereas a decrease in ozone of up to 5% is found over Antarctica in boreal winter. The linear superposition of the different contributions is not equivalent to the response obtained in a simulation when all forcing factors are applied during the Dalton Minimum (DM) – this effect is especially well visible for NOx/NOy. Thus, this study also shows the non-linear behaviour of the coupled chemistry-climate system. Finally, we conclude that especially UV and volcanic eruptions dominate the changes in the ozone, temperature and dynamics while the NOx field is dominated by the energetic particle precipitation. Visible radiation changes have only very minor effects on both stratospheric dynamics and chemistry.
“The Art(ist) is present”: Arts-based research perspective in educational research

Abstract A growing interest in the concept of practice within workplace settings has been seen in the last two decades in a variety of fields. Although some authors highlighted the importance of this type of research, there is still a poor scientific understanding of this process. The first serious discussion and analysis of the construction of knowledge emerged during the 1900s. In the field of humanities, questions have been asked regarding the use of traditional research paradigms in terms of its limitation of understanding complex subjects. In line with this perspective, the current article provides an opportunity to advance the understanding of new research paths. Specifically, after an overview on the traditional research paradigms, particular references are devoted to the Arts-Based Research (ABR) approach and to the use of arts within the research processes. Then, this contribution provides a deep exploration of dance-based methods for educational research. As a transdisciplinary approach, the ABR can be used in different fields. For this reason, the current article tries to provide insights about the use of dance-based methods in the educational context. An in-depth literature review will highlight the issues linked to the use of dance in research paths highlights different connotations of it within the research process. The author identified and explored three main uses of dance in academic field.
Testing spontaneous localization theories with matter-wave interferometry

It is a basic unresolved question of quantum mechanics whether the Schrodinger equation holds for truly macro- scopic systems. Unitarity then implies that even mea- surement devices or conscious observers can, in princi- ple, be brought into a superposition of macroscopically distinct states. Most of the offered answers can be put into one of three categories. The affirmative statement, preferred in quantum cosmology, requires some interpre- tational exercise to explain why definite measurement outcomes are perceived in spite of all outcomes being si- multaneously realized in a multitude of 'Everett worlds'. A quite different attitude, expressed most stringently in the operationalist formulation of quantum mechan- ics, attributes a fundamental role to the divide between 'quantum system' and measurement device such that it is meaningless to pose the question in the first place. The third option is to hypothesize that there is an objective modification of the unitary Schrodinger dynamics, which gives rise to a macrorealist description of the physics on macroscopic scales (1). Whatever one thinks about the need or plausibility of such unconventional theories of the quantum-to-classical transition, they have the clear advantage that they can be tested in principle. This way they bring back to physics what is otherwise an issue of logical consistency and epis- temology. Another motivation to consider the possibil- ity that quantum physics is only an approximation to a deeper underlying theory may be drawn from the diffi- culties encountered when tries to reconcile it with the theory of gravity (2). mass due to an inherent amplification mechanism. The values of the localization parameters are chosen such that they affect only systems considered to be in the macro- scopic domain. In this letter, we propose to test the CSL model by performing matter wave interference with clusters in the mass range between 10 6 and 10 8 amu. We assess the various relevant environmental decoherence processes ex- pected to occur in an optimized time-domain Talbot-Lau interferometer with ultra-violet laser gratings, and in par- ticular the enhanced signal loss due to the finite cluster size. We conclude that it will become technologically fea- sible to test the quantum superposition principle at mass and time scales where it is predicted to fail according to recent estimates by Adler and Bassi (6, 7).
Estimation of Humoral Immunological Parameters among Chronic Periodontitis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Periodontitis is a bacterial infection of tooth-supporting tissues. The host reacts to this bacterial challenge by activating its defense mechanisms; the immune responses can be mediated either by humoral factors or by lymphocytes. Recently studies found that periodontitis might be related to several systemic diseases especially diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The current study was established to evaluate the alteration in humoral immune response in chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared controls. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 patients and 20 controls were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from each subject to determine serum concentrations of (IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4) by single radial immune diffusion method. In this study, clinical examination included plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing. Results: serum concentrations of IgG and IgA are significantly higher (p 0.05) differences in serum concentrations of each IgM and C4 between the patients and controls. Furthermore there are no significant (p> 0.05) correlation between serum immunological parameters and periodontal parameters. Conclusion : These findings corroborate the thought that the humoral immune response plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis with type 2 DM. In addition, elevated antibody levels may explain why diabetes aggravates periodontitis. Keywords: periodontitis, diabetes mellitus, immunoglobulin, complement componenet
Ethnic School Segregation and Self-Esteem

The authors examine whether school segregation is related to pupils’ global self-esteem and whether this association is mediated by teacher–pupil relationships. Multilevel analyses based on a survey of 2,845 pupils (aged 10 to 12) in 68 primary schools in Belgian urban areas reveal that, for native-Belgian pupils, a higher proportion of immigrants at school is associated with increasing self-esteem. Initially no such association was found for immigrant pupils, as the effect of schools’ ethnic composition on their self-esteem was suppressed by teacher–pupil relationships. For both groups, experiences of supportive relationships with teachers were largely associated with self-esteem.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN

The work focused on studying the elastic properties of chitosan composite system. The samples were prepared in form of compressed pellets. The structure and elemental analysis of chitosan was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR spectra have been recorded in the spectral range from 280-4000cm -1 . The velocity of sound of chitosan is obtained by the ultrasonic pulse-echo measurements, at room temperature. Both longitudinal and transverse velocities of chitosan are pressure dependence. From the value of density, longitudinal and shear ultrasonic velocity, the value of longitudinal modulus (L), shear modulus (G), bulk modulus (K), Young modulus (E) and Poisson ratio (σ) were calculated. The sound velocity increases as the density and pressure increase. The elastic modulus and Poisson’ ratio show increasing trend as the pressure of sample increases. The elastic modulus increases due to the compactness of the pressed sample. As the pressure and density increase, the atoms in chitosan became more compact thus the ultrasonic waves are dispersed between the atoms resulting in more propagation of wave.
Selling feelings for a wage: a labor process perspective on emotional labor power, its indeterminacy and incomplete commodification

Arlie Hochschild’s (1979; 1983/2003) pioneering contribution to the sociology of work on emotion work has been profound. For over 30 years her innovative emotional labor concept has inspired and underpinned an exponential growth in the study of workplace emotion from a range of theoretical perspectives within organization studies (Fineman 1993; Sieben and Wettergren 2010) and many other social science fields (Fineman 2008). Throughout this time her primary definition of emotional labor as “the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display” (1983, 7), as a requirement of paid employment, has been accepted by adherents and critics alike.
The Age of Discontent: Italian Households at the Beginning of the Decade

In the Italian public debate growing attention has been recently paid to “household impoverishment”. Subjective indicators of economic condition show that this concern reflects a common sentiment of the Italian population. On the other hand, estimates based on the Bank of Italy’s Survey of Household Income and Wealth reveal a surprising stability of income distribution in the period 1993-2002, after the sharp widening amid the 1991-92 recession. A number of possible reasons that can account for this apparent inconsistency are investigated: data deficiencies; disappointed expectations; significant distributive changes across socio-economic groups which have cancelled out at the aggregate level; higher income mobility not captured by static inequality indices.
Bose-Einstein condensation of helium and hydrogen inside bundles of carbon nanotubes

Helium atoms or hydrogen molecules are believed to be strongly bound within the interstitial channels (between three carbon nanotubes) within a bundle of many nanotubes. The effects on adsorption of a nonuniform distribution of tubes are evaluated. The energy of a single-particle state is the sum of a discrete transverse energy ${E}_{t}$ (that depends on the radii of neighboring tubes) and a quasicontinuous energy ${E}_{z}$ of relatively free motion parallel to the axis of the tubes. At low temperature, the particles occupy the lowest-energy states, the focus of this study. The transverse energy attains a global minimum value $({E}_{t}={E}_{\mathit{min}})$ for radii near ${R}_{\mathit{min}}=9.95\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and $8.48\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ for $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. The density of states $N(E)$ near the lowest energy is found to vary linearly above this threshold value, i.e., $N(E)$ is proportional to $(E\ensuremath{-}{E}_{\mathit{min}})$. As a result, there occurs a Bose-Einstein condensation of the molecules into the channel with the lowest transverse energy. The transition is characterized approximately as that of a four-dimensional gas, neglecting the interactions between the adsorbed particles. The phenomenon is observable, in principle, from a singular heat capacity. The existence of this transition depends on the sample having a relatively broad distribution of radii values that include some near ${R}_{\mathit{min}}$.
A database of microwave single-scattering properties for nonspherical ice particles

As satellite observations at high microwave frequencies have recently become available, there is an increasing demand for methods that accurately evaluate the single-scattering properties of nonspherical ice particles at these frequencies. Algorithm developers can use the single-scattering datasets in the retrievals of cloud ice water content and snowfall rate. However, the methods that correctly handle the scattering of complex nonspherical particles are computationally inefficient and impractical for physical retrieval algorithms, in which scattering needs to be evaluated many times for particles with various sizes and shapes. As a remedy, during the past several years we have computed the scattering properties—scattering and absorption cross sections, phase functions, asymmetric parameters, and backscattering cross sections —using an accurate discrete dipole approximation method and arranged the results into an easy-to-access database. The database contains the scattering properties at frequencies from.
Pleistocene vertical carbon isotope and carbonate gradients in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

We demonstrate that the carbon isotopic signal of mid‐depth waters evolved differently from deep waters in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during the Pleistocene. Deep sites (>3700 m) exhibit large glacial‐to‐interglacial variations in benthic δ13C, whereas the amplitude of the δ13C signal at Site 1088 (∼2100 m water depth) is small. Unlike the deep sites, at no time during the Pleistocene were benthic δ13C values at Site 1088 lower than those of the deep Pacific. Reconstruction of intermediate‐to‐deep δ13C gradients (Δ13CI‐D) supports the existence of a sharp chemocline between 2100 and 2700 m during most glacial stages of the last 1.1 myr. This chemical divide in the glacial Southern Ocean separated well‐ventilated water above ∼2500 m from poorly ventilated water below. The Δ13CI‐D signal parallels the Vostok atmospheric pCO2 record for the last 400 kyr, lending support to physical models that invoke changes in Southern Ocean deep water ventilation as a mechanism for changing atmospheric pCO2. The emergence of a strong 100‐kyr cycle in Δ13CI‐D during the mid‐Pleistocene supports a change in vertical fractionation and deep‐water ventilation rates in the Southern Ocean, and is consistent with possible CO2‐forcing of this climate transition.
Curvature of the L2-metric on the direct image of a family of Hermitian-Einstein vector bundles

For a holomorphic family of simple Hermitian-Einstein holomorphic vector bundles over a compact Kahler manifold, the locally free part of the associated direct image sheaf over the parameter space forms a holomorphic vector bundle, and it is endowed with a Hermitian metric given by the L 2 pairing using the Hermitian-Einstein metrics. Our main result in this paper is to compute the curvature of the L 2 -metric. In the case of a family of Hermitian holomorphic line bundles with fixed positive first Chern form and under certain curvature conditions, we show that the L 2 -metric is conformally equivalent to a Hermitian-Einstein metric. As applications, this proves the semi-stability of certain Picard bundles, and it leads to an alternative proof of a theorem of Kempf. 0. Introduction. Given a holomorphic family of simple Hermitian-Einstein holomorphic vector bundles over a fixed compact Kahler manifold and paramet- rized by a complex manifold, one obtains a coherent analytic sheaf over the parameter space by taking direct image. The locally free part of the direct image sheaf forms a holomorphic vector bundle over a Zariski open subset of the pa- rameter space and is endowed with a Hermitian metric given by the L 2 -pairings on global holomorphic sections of the Hermitian-Einstein bundles with respect to the Hermitian-Einstein metrics and the Kahler metric on the Kahler manifold. Our objective in this paper is to compute the curvature of this L 2 -metric. This work is partly motivated by earlier works of various authors on the analogous problem of computing the curvature of the Weil-Petersson metric on the moduli space of Hermitian-Einstein vector bundles over a compact Kahler manifold ((C), (ST), (ZT)), where the Weil-Petersson metric is defined similarly by the L 2 -pairing on the harmonic representatives of the Kodaira-Spencer classes associated to tangent vectors of the moduli space. In particular, the approach of Schumacher-Toma (ST) is especially inspiring to us, and their observation that the curvature form of the total space contains the harmonic representatives of the Kodaira-Spencer classes also plays an important role in our computations. In the case of a family of ample line bundles over a compact Kahler manifold of semi-positive Ricci cuvature, the curvature of the L 2 -metric takes a simple form (see Theorem 2). When the parameter space is a compact Kahler manifold, the L 2 -metric is conformally equivalent to a Hermitian-Einstein metric, which
Lessons From Research for Les Familles Exogames: A Literature Review

In this article, I draw from a recent graduating project where I examined the lessons from research for les familles exogames . This expression is used in the French early childhood education and education sectors to refer to families where one parent is French speaking while the other has another (predominantly the English) language (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2004). The focus of this article is on parental decisions with respect to language or languages spoken at home and choices of early childhood settings and schools. Given the focus on parental choice, the inquiry question is: What does the scholarly research say about linguistic and educational choices for young children from les familles exogames ? The inquiry centres on the linguistic and educational choices for young children from les familles exogames from sociocultural and ecological systems perspectives. I examine the extant literature on bilingualism and, more specifically, on bilingualism in les familles exogames , and I share implications from research that are meaningful to parents and early years professionals. Cet article est tire d’un projet de maitrise ou j’ai examine les enseignements tires de la recherche sur les familles exogames. L’expression « familles exogames » est utilisee, dans les secteurs de l’education et de l’education de la petite enfance en langue francaise pour designer les familles formees d'un parent francophone et d’un parent s’exprimant dans une autre (habituellement l’anglais) langue (Ministere de l’Education de l’Ontario, 2004). Ce document s’interesse notamment aux decisions que prennent les parents relativement a la langue parlee, ou aux langues parlees, a la maison ainsi qu’au choix du milieu de la petite enfance et de l’ecole. Puisque l’accent est mis sur le choix des parents, la question d’enquete est: Que disent les chercheurs au sujet des choix en matiere de langue et d’education pour les jeunes enfants de familles exogames? L’enquete s’articule autour des choix linguistiques et educatifs pour les jeunes enfants des familles exogames des points de vue socioculturel et des systemes ecologiques. J’ai ainsi passe en revue les ouvrages publies qui traitent du bilinguisme, et plus particulierement du bilinguisme dans les familles exogames, afin de communiquer des resultats de la recherche qui sont utiles aux parents et aux professionnels de la petite enfance.
COMPARISON OF POLYMER COMPOSITES BEHAVIOR TO LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT AND QUASI-STATIC INDENTATION

Fibre Reinforced Polymers (composites) are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their excellent quasi� �static mechanical properties in relation to density. However, it is known that polymer composites do not have good resistance to dynamic loads, especially to lowvelocity impact phenomena, which is one of the most important issues for composite struc� tures, particularly in aerospace due to the effect it has on material structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in polymer composite behavior between lowvelocity impact and the similar (the same boundary conditions) quasi� �static indentation. The composites used in this study were: Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fibre Rein� forced Polymer (GFRP) manufactured by the autoclave method (materials used in aerospace technology). Impact tests were carried out according to the ASTM D7136 standard. Quasistatic indentation was performed according to the ASTM D6264 standard. After the tests, the samples were subjected to nondestructive and microscopic testing methods to investigate the damage size and failure character. It was noted that lowvelocity impact causes significant damage to both kinds of composite structures, while the quasistatic indentation under the same impact force level results in some internal degradation of the laminate structures (barely visible damage). However, the size of it is extremely different to the case of lowvelocity impact. The failure types of composite structures after static and dynamic loads are similar. The major failure type in composites after static and dynamic loads are matrix cracks, delaminations, and in the case of impact fibrescracks. To obtain similar damage character and size (as in the impact effect) in the composite structure on account of quasistatic indentation, a much higher force level in comparison to dynamic loads is necessary.