Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysing data of the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) to detect patterns of agricultural land-use change at municipality level.

European landscapes have featured considerable changes towards intensification and marginalisation. These major trends are expected to continue in the future. Besides, the cultivation of bioenergy crops has become an important factor in agricultural land use. A thorough understanding of land-use processes for management purposes is needed. In this study, the spatial and temporal pattern of agricultural land use and land-use change was classified at the scale of municipalities from 2005 to 2010. The study region was the German federal state Hesse. By using data of the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) of the European Union and with the help of k-means cluster analysis, five types of agricultural land-use patterns and dynamics (TLPDs) were detected. These TLPDs represent different sub-regions. Sub-regions with favourable physical conditions for cultivation are dominated by arable land. A progressive land-use change occurred by conversion of grassland to arable land. In sub-regions, where physical conditions are rather unfavourable, especially in mountainous areas, grassland is the predominant land use. But on the remaining arable land, there is a slight change in favour of maize. The knowledge of sub-regions with spatially and temporally different agricultural land use could be utilised to develop land management instruments like site-specific agri-environmental schemes.
‘Ordinary decent domestic violence’: A discursive analysis of family law judges’ interviews

This study examined judges’ constructions of the ‘best interests of the child’ in child custody and access arraignments where there were allegations of domestic violence within the context of an interview. Using interviews with six Irish District Court judges, a micro-structural discourse analysis enabled the identification of socio-cultural discourses, scientific knowledge and judges’ own values and beliefs biases about custody arraignments in cases of domestic violence. Judges’ discourses were shaped by an idealisation of the nuclear family unit which resulted in a pro-access philosophy (Theme 1). The knowledge that domestic violence had occurred challenged this ideology and, to rhetorically manage this dilemma, judges’ talk normalised or trivialised abusive parents’ behaviour, which rendered domestic violence irrelevant to child custody and access (Theme 2). Mothers who alleged domestic violence when they disputed contact between fathers and their children were pathologised through talk (Theme 3). It is recommended that systems be put in place, including judicial training, to facilitate judges in their decision-making process in this highly discretionary and complex area of the law.
Do Introductory Political Science Courses Contribute to a Racial “Political Efficacy Gap”? Findings from a Panel Survey of a Flagship University

ABSTRACT This article examines findings of a panel study of more than 1,000 students enrolled in introductory political science courses at a flagship public university. The survey assessed whether completing an introductory course had a positive effect on political efficacy, focusing on gender and race. We found that, at the aggregate level, completing an introductory political science course had little or no impact on self-reported measures of political efficacy. However, we found evidence of significant differences in external political efficacy between black and white students, even when controlling for factors such as background characteristics and course performance (i.e., grades). Our findings raise important questions about the “civic” function of the undergraduate political science curriculum, particularly regarding racial political inequalities.
Colour distributions in E-S0 galaxies - IV. Colour data and dust in E's from Nieto's B, R frames

The colours distributions (with R in Cousins's system) have been measured in 44 E classified galaxies in the Local Supercluster, from pairs of frames collected by Nieto and co-workers in 1989-91. These are nearly all from the CFHT, and of sub-arsec resolution. Great attention has been given to the effects of unequal PSF's in the B and R frames upon colour distributions near centre; such effects are illustrated from model calculations and from pseudo-colours obtained from pairs of frames taken in the same band but with different seeing conditions. Appropriate corrections were systematically applied in order to derive central colours and inner gradients, although still affected by the limited resolution of the frames. The radial colour distributions have been measured in more detail than usual, considering separately the near major axis and near minor axis regions of the isophotal contours. Azimuthal colour distributions, in rings limited by selected isophotes, were also obtained. Dust "patterns", i.e. patches, lanes, arcs, . , have been detected and mapped from the colour distributions. An ad hoc dust pattern importance index (or DPII ) in a scale of 0 to 3, has been introduced to qualify their size and contrast. We have tried to find evidence of a diffuse dust concentration towards the disk, if one is apparent. Positive results (noted by the dd symbol) have been obtained for disky E's, whenever the inclination of their disk to the line of sight is large enough, and eventually also in the small isolated disks sometimes present in both boxy and disky galaxies. The red central peak occurring in many E-galaxies might be the signature of a central concentration of dust, also in cases where this peak is isolated rather than embedded in some extensive colour pattern. The properties of the near centre colour profiles have been related to a classification of nuclear photometric profiles into "flat topped" and "sharply peaked" (equivalent to "core-like" and "power-law" in the terminology of Faber et al. 1997). The published here data include the following: . Short descriptions and codes for the characters of the distribution of each object, and comparison to the results of recent surveys. A table of the mean at the centre and at two selected isophotes, a "core colour gradient" and the usual logarithmic gradient. Maps of near core isochromes and B isophotes for comparison. Images of the colour distribution are made available in electronic form.
Trade Credit Insurance and Asymmetric Information Problem

Abstract The presence of different risk factors in international trade gives evidence of the necessity of support in gaps that may affect exporters’ activity. To maximize the trade volumes and in the same time to minimize the exporters’ risks the stakeholders use trade credit insurance. The paper provides analysis of conceptual background of the trade credit insurance in the world. We analyzed briefly the problems, arising in insurance markets due to asymmetric information, such as adverse selection and moral hazard. Also we discuss the main stages of development of trade credit insurance in countries worldwide. Using comparative and graphical analysis we provide a brief evaluation of the dynamics of claims and recoveries for different forms of trade credit insurance. We found that the claims related to the commercial risk for medium and long trade credits in recent years exceed the recoveries, while with the political risk the reverse trend holds. And we originally consider these findings in terms of information asymmetry in the trade credit insurance differentiated by type of risk.
Large orbital moment and spin-orbit enabled Mott transition in the Ising Fe honeycomb lattice

BaFe2(PO4)2 is an unusual Ising insulating ferromagnet based on the Fe$^{2+}$ spin S=2 ion, whose susceptibility suggests in addition a large orbital component to the Fe local moment. We apply density functional theory based methods to obtain a microscopic picture of the competing interactions and the critical role of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in this honeycomb lattice system. The low T ferromagnetic phase displays a half-semimetallic Dirac point pinning the Fermi level and preventing gap opening before consideration of SOC, presenting a case in which correlation effects modeled by a repulsive Hubbard $U$ fails to open a gap. Simultaneous inclusion of both correlation and SOC drives a large orbital moment M_L of more than 0.7 $\mu_B$ (essentially L=1) for spin aligned along the c-axis, with a gap comparable with the inferred experimental value. The large orbital moment accounts for the large Ising anisotropy, in spite of the small magnitude of the SOC strength on the 3d (Fe) ion. Ultimately, the Mott-Hubbard gap is enabled by degeneracy lifting by SOC and the large Fe moments, rather than by standard Hubbard interactions alone. We suggest that competing orbital occupations are responsible for the structural transitions involved in the observed re-entrant rhombohedral-triclinic-rhombohedral sequence.
Oscillating foils of high propulsive efficiency

Thrust-producing harmonically oscillating foils are studied through force and power measurements, as well as visualization data, to classify the principal characteristics of the flow around and in the wake of the foil. Visualization data are obtained using digital particle image velocimetry at Reynolds number 1100, and force and power data are measured at Reynolds number 40 000. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions of linear and nonlinear inviscid theory and it is found that agreement between theory and experiment is good over a certain parametric range, when the wake consists of an array of alternating vortices and either very weak or no leading-edge vortices form. High propulsive efficiency, as high as 87%, is measured experimentally under conditions of optimal wake formation. Visualization results elucidate the basic mechanisms involved and show that conditions of high efficiency are associated with the formation on alternating sides of the foil of a moderately strong leading-edge vortex per half-cycle, which is convected downstream and interacts with trailing-edge vorticity, resulting eventually in the formation of a reverse Kármán street. The phase angle between transverse oscillation and angular motion is the critical parameter affecting the interaction of leading-edge and trailing-edge vorticity, as well as the efficiency of propulsion.
Chemical analyses of the seeds of some forage legumes from Turkey: a chemotaxonomic approach

The seeds of six forage legumes (Leguminosae) were investigated for their protein, tannin contents and fatty acid compositions. The protein contents of forage legume seeds were found to be between 23.1 and 37.2%. On the other hand, the tannin contents of the same seeds were found to be between 0.67 and 6.33%. The fatty acid compositions of these six different species were determined by gas chromatography of the methyl esters of their fatty acids. The seed oils of different Leguminous taxa contained linoleic and linolenic acids as their major components. The seed oils of Lathyrus annuus, Onobrychis crista-galli, Trigonella foenum-graceum, Lotus corniculatus , and Leuceana leucocephala species contain 50.0, 59.4, 69.5, 37.06, and 52.6% linoleic acid, respectively, as the major component fatty acids, whereas in the seed oil of Lathyrus cicer , linolenic acid accounts for 29.7% as the major component fatty acid. The ratios of these fatty acids in the Leguminous genera were found to be highly variable. In the study of taxa, palmitic acid was found in the major saturated fatty acids, on the other hand oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were found in major unsaturated fatty acids.
Limited Observation in Mutual Consent Networks

This paper studies mutual consent social networks in which individuals imperfectly monitor others' network ties and have incomplete information about the benefits of network participation. I introduce the Conjectural Pairwise Stability concept, which generalizes Jackson and Wolinsky's (1996) Pairwise Stability concept to allow for limited observation, and apply it to a specific mutual consent network formation game. While limited observation generally leads to the existence of less efficient stable networks, I find that it can also lead to the existence of efficient stable networks. Moreover, stability restrictions considered in previous work lose their refining power as observation becomes more limited.
CORONA, JET, AND RELATIVISTIC LINE MODELS FOR SUZAKU/RXTE/CHANDRA-HETG OBSERVATIONS OF THE CYGNUS X-1 HARD STATE

Using Suzaku and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), we have conducted a series of four simultaneous observations of the galactic black hole candidate Cyg X-1 in what were historically faint and spectrally hard “low states. ” Additionally, all of these observations occurred near superior conjunction with our line of sight to the X-ray source passing through the dense phases of the “focused wind” from the mass donating secondary. One of our observations was also simultaneous with observations by the Chandra-High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG). These latter spectra are crucial for revealing the ionized absorption due to the secondary's focused wind. Such absorption is present and must be accounted for in all four spectra. These simultaneous data give an unprecedented view of the 0.8–300 keV spectrum of Cyg X-1, and hence bear upon both corona and X-ray emitting jet models of black hole hard states. Three models fit the spectra well: coronae with thermal or mixed thermal/non-thermal electron populations and jets. All three models require a soft component that we fit with a low temperature disk spectrum with an inner radius of only a few tens of GM/c2. All three models also agree that the known spectral break at 10 keV is not solely due to the presence of reflection, but each gives a different underlying explanation for the augmentation of this break. Thus, whereas all three models require that there is a relativistically broadened Fe line, the strength and inner radius of such a line is dependent upon the specific model, thus making premature line-based estimates of the black hole spin in the Cyg X-1 system. We look at the relativistic line in detail, accounting for the narrow Fe emission and ionized absorption detected by HETG. Although the specific relativistic parameters of the line are continuum dependent, none of the broad line fits allow for an inner disk radius that is >40 GM/c2.
tonics , tectonophysics riable behavior of the Dead Sea Fault along the southern ava segment from GPS measurements ́

The Dead Sea Fault is a major strike-slip fault bounding the Arabia plate and the Sinai subplate. On the basis of three GPS campaign measurements, 12 years apart, at 19 sites distributed in Israel and Jordan, complemented by Israeli permanent stations, we compute the present-day deformation across the Wadi Arava fault, the southern segment of the Dead Sea Fault. Elastic locked-fault modelling of fault-parallel velocities provides a slip rate of 4.7 0.7 mm/yr and a locking depth of 11.6 5.3 km in its central part. Along its northern part, south of the Dead Sea, the simple model proposed for the central profile does not fit the velocity field well. To fit the data, two faults have to be taken into account, on both sides of the sedimentary basin of the Dead Sea, each fault accommodating 2 mm/yr. Locking depths are small (less than 2 km on the western branch, 6 km on the eastern branch). Along the southern profile, we are once again unable to fit the data using the simple model, similar to the central profile. It is very difficult to propose a velocity greater than 4 mm/yr, i.e. smaller than that along the central profile. This leads us to propose that a part of the relative movement from Sinai to Arabia is accommodated along faults located west of our profiles. 2014 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Corresponding author. E-mail address: frederic.masson@unistra.fr (F. Masson).
Demographic Correlates of Psychological Distress among Women Presenting at Gynecological Clinics in Lahore, Pakistan.

Background: The present study was aimed to find the relationship between psychological distress and demographic characters among women with gynecological. It was hypothesized that there would be a correlation between demographic characters and psychological distress. Settings & Design: Patients were selected from outpatient departments of various public and private hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Purposive sampling strategy was used and research design of the present study was co relational. Materials and Method: The sample comprised of 110 married women with gynecological problems. To identify the demographic characters, semi structured interview was devised. Symptom Checklist – Revised [1] was used to measure psychological distress. Statistical Technique: Through Pearson Product Moment Co relation was the used analysis. Results: It was revealed that low level of education, low socio economic status, nuclear family system, and unhealthy relationships were associated with psychological distress among women with gynecological problems. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be implied from the present study that steps for health promotion should be taken along with counseling guide lines to decrease level of distress. Health professional should be trained so as to identify the psychological symptoms and to counsel them and teach appropriate stress management skills.
A new basal iguanodontian (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia

Abstract. We report the discovery of an almost complete skeleton of a new iguanodontian dinosaur, Talenkauen santacrucensis n. gen. et sp. , from Maastrichtiano rocks of southwestern Patagonia. Talenkauen is odd in the presence of plate-like structures on both sides of the thorax, which are better interpreted as uncinate processes than dermal armor. Talenkauen and the also Maastrichtian Thescelosaurus neglectus Gilmore from North America, represent the only two ornithischians in which this peculiar feature is currently known. Some derived features unite Talenkauen with other Gondwanan ornithopods, but all the evidence does not offer enough support for an iguanodontian clade endemic from the Southern Hemisphere. Small- to medium-sized ornithischians appear to have been the dominant plant-eating dinosaurs in Antarctica and Australia during the Cretaceous, in contrast with the outstanding abundance of medium sized to giant sauropods in central Gondwana (e.g., South America, Africa, India). Resumen. UN NUEVO IGUANODONTE BASAL (DINOSAURIA, ORNITHISCHIA) DEL CRETACICO SUPERIOR DE LA PATAGONIA. Se reporta el descubrimiento de un esqueleto casi completo de un nuevo dinosaurio iguanodonte, Talenkauen santacrucensis n. gen. et sp. , de rocas de edad Maastrichtiano del sudoeste de Patagonia. Talenkauen posee placas en ambos lados del torax, las cuales son interpretadas como procesos uncinados en lugar de armadura dermica. Talenkauen y Thescelosaurus neglectus (Maastrichtiano, America del Norte), son los unicos dos ornitisquios en los que se conoce esta peculiar caracteristica. Algunos caracteres derivados unen a Talenkauen con otros ornitopodos gondwanicos, pero el conjunto de la evidencia disponible no ofrece sustento suficiente para reconocer un clado de iguanodontes endemico del Hemisferio Sur. Los ornitisquios de pequeno y mediano tamano parecen haber sido los dinosaurios herbivoros dominantes en Antartida y Australia durante el Cretacico, contrastando con la gran abundancia de sauropodos de mediano a gran tamano registrada en Gondwana central (p. ej., America del Sur, Africa, India).
Evaluation of Carrot Quality Using Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

Carrot has a relatively high content of Vitamin C and it is a major source of natural carotenoids. However, carrot has a short shelf-life and is better consumed fresh. A quick assessment of its quality attributes is important to preserving its freshness. The objective of this study was to apply Vis-NIR spectroscopy to noninvasively assess and predict the various quality attributes of carrot (cv. Nectar), namely color ( L*a*b* ), moisture content (MC), total soluble solids (TSS), firmness, Vitamin C, and β -carotene. Two spectroscopic sensors (400-1,000 nm and 900-1,700 nm) were utilized and samples included whole root and 25.4 mm thick sliced disc. The best prediction models using partial least squares regression yielded correlation coefficient, r, and ratio of performance to deviation or r(RPD) of 0.50(0.73), 0.84(0.88), 0.86(2.07), 0.69(0.66), 0.97(1.44), 0.90(1.49), 0.47(1.47), and 0.92(1.76) for color indices, L* a* b* , firmness, MC, TSS, Vitamin C, and β -carotene, respectively. However, using only the wavelengths selected by interval partial least squares, the r(RPD) values for the aforementioned attributes improved and are presented as follows: 0.92(1.97), 0.96(2.83), 0.98(5.85), 0.99(6.65), 0.98(3.91), 0.99(5.93), 0.98(4.16), and 0.98(4.43), respectively. Generally, Vis-NIR region had higher prediction performance than NIR region, and whole roots had similar prediction performance as sliced samples. This study shows that rapid determination of quality parameters of carrot is possible through non-destructive Vis-NIR sensing, which could be useful for quality tracking during carrot supply chain. Moreover, results of this study could be improved using a larger sample size.
Planar magnetic structures in coronal mass ejection-driven sheath regions

Abstract. Planar magnetic structures (PMSs) are periods in the solar wind during which interplanetary magnetic field vectors are nearly parallel to a single plane. One of the specific regions where PMSs have been reported are coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven sheaths. We use here an automated method to identify PMSs in 95 CME sheath regions observed in situ by the Wind and ACE spacecraft between 1997 and 2015. The occurrence and location of the PMSs are related to various shock, sheath, and CME properties. We find that PMSs are ubiquitous in CME sheaths; 85 % of the studied sheath regions had PMSs with the mean duration of 6 h. In about one-third of the cases the magnetic field vectors followed a single PMS plane that covered a significant part (at least 67 %) of the sheath region. Our analysis gives strong support for two suggested PMS formation mechanisms: the amplification and alignment of solar wind discontinuities near the CME-driven shock and the draping of the magnetic field lines around the CME ejecta. For example, we found that the shock and PMS plane normals generally coincided for the events where the PMSs occurred near the shock (68 % of the PMS plane normals near the shock were separated by less than 20° from the shock normal), while deviations were clearly larger when PMSs occurred close to the ejecta leading edge. In addition, PMSs near the shock were generally associated with lower upstream plasma beta than the cases where PMSs occurred near the leading edge of the CME. We also demonstrate that the planar parts of the sheath contain a higher amount of strong southward magnetic field than the non-planar parts, suggesting that planar sheaths are more likely to drive magnetospheric activity.