Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature Effect on Yield and Yield Components of Different Rice Cultivars in Flowering Stage

In order to study the effect of cold stress in flowering stage on yield and yield components of different rice cultivars, an experiment was performed as split plot factorial based on completely randomized design (CRD) in greenhouse of deputy of rice research institute of Iran (Amol) in 2010, in three repetitions. Treatment included 5 varieties as main factors that included cultivars of shirudi, fajr, local tarom, hybrid, and line 843. Two levels of temperatures (13°C, stress temperature) and (32°C, normal temperature, control) along with flowering stage were selected as two subfactors. Three seedlings were planted in each plot. The cold stress was done in flowering stage with holding pots at 13°C for 15 days. Results showed that low temperature had significant effect in level of 1 percent on all characters, such as the number of panicles, the length of panicle, and the number of full, empty, and total grains; as a result, yield had caused significant reduction. Interaction between temperature and varieties showed that most tolerant variety in relation to temperature stress along with least percentage yield (19%) is shirudi variety and the most sensitive one with most percentage of yield decrease (29%) was local tarom variety.
What Determines Sectoral Trade in the Enlarged EU?

In this paper, we estimate a sectoral gravity model for trade within a heterogeneous trade bloc, the enlarged EU, comprised of a high-income group (wealthiest EU), a middle-income group (Greece, Portugal and Spain), and a low-income group (new Central and Eastern European member countries). The estimation was conducted on sectors with different degrees of scale economies and skill-intensities in the presence of transport costs. The results offer support for the call to incorporate trade theories based on both endowments and scale economies. In addition, whilst integrating poorer countries is beneficial for all of the participants in the bloc, there is still a role for a redistribution policy, such as the EU's Regional Policy, which should comprise a mix of policies, focusing on both income and education/skills, together with infrastructure development.
Bis(Imino) Pyridyl Iron Complexes: the Effect of Polymerization Conditions on Activities and Thermal Behaviors of Polyethylene

Two late transition metal catalysts based on 2,6-bis(imino)pyridine iron(II) were synthesized by introducing methyl substitution (catalyst A) and t-Butyl substitution (catalyst B) at the ortho position of the aryl rings of the ligand. Comparative ethylene polymerizations using the catalysts showed quiet different behaviors. The activity of catalyst A was higher than that of catalyst B in all of the polymerization conditions used. The highest activities of these catalysts were obtained at almost 25°C. Activities of the catalysts increased with increasing both monomer pressure and [Al]: [Fe] molar ratio. Multi modal peaks were appeared in the DSC analysis of oligomers obtained by catalyst A, while in the DSC analysis of the polymer obtained using catalyst B unimodal peaks were appeared. It is suggested that catalyst A containing less bulkier substitution produced polymer with different molecular weight fractions and different melting points. Besides, the t-butyl group in catalyst B resulted in producing polyethylene (PE) with single sharp DSC peaks; the latter is due to the formation of highly linear polyethylene. Polymerization temperatures affected the pattern of DSC thermograms in terms of number and shape of the peaks of the obtained polymers by catalyst A. Catalyst A produced linear oligomers contained liner olefinic part with a number average molecular weight in the range of 260 to 361.
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF INTENSIFYING PRODUCTION OF MAIN FIELD CROPS

The starting hypothesis of the present study was the assumption that the intensity of production of main feld crops on family farms can be raised to a higher level by rational use of mineral fertilizers as one of the fastest, simplest and economically most rational measures. The determination/resolution to increase the level of intensity of production of main crops in this way has derived from the results of the survey conducted on 75 family farms in Vojvodina, which showed that family farms, despite the performed analysis of soil fertility and received recommendations from the expert agricultural services for optimum application of mineral fertilizers, in most cases (73%) did not respect obtained recommendations. Therefore the aim of this paper is to estimate the economic effects of the intensifying production of main feld crops on family farms through rational use of mineral fertilizers. The obtained results show that the most signifcant economic effects of intensifying production can be achieved on farms of 10-20 ha of arable land.
Kale dry matter yield responses to nitrogen and phosphorus application.

Forage brassica crop establishment and subsequent growth are affected by nutrient availability, particularly of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The effects of P and N applications on kale dry matter (DM) accumulation were examined in three field experiments in Canterbury and one in the Central North Island region of New Zealand. Nitrogen, as urea (46%), was applied at sowing and mid-season and P as triple superphosphate (P = 21 %) was hand broadcast, hand broadcast and soil incorporated or banded at 0 or 50 kg P ha -1 at sowing. Nitrogen fertiliser doubled kale yields at Te Pirita, from 5 to 10 t DM ha -1 but there was no difference between the 100 and 200 kg N ha -1 rates. Total DM increased with P supply from 5 t DM ha -1 in the control to a mean of 8 t DM ha -1 with 50 kg P ha -1 . At Fairlie, total DM yield increased with P supply and with N application when P was applied. Total DM at Methven increased more than 2 t ha -1 when 170 kg N ha -1 was applied compared with the 70 kg N ha -1 for kale crops. There was also an effect of background soil P at Methven, mostly affecting the stem DM accumulation. Because of the nature of the treatments (nested) at Te Pirita and Fairlie, it was not possible to determine whether the effect of N was due to the total N applied or the time of application. The lack of response, to all the treatments, at Lochinvar was probably due to moisture stress meaning the initial soil N (mean 220 kg N ha -1 ) and P (Olsen P = 22) levels were adequate for the 4-6 t DM ha -1 crops grown. For most situations a P application of up to 50 kg ha -1 is recommended at establishment with N managed more dynamically throughout the growing season based on soil N and crop yield potential. Additional keywords: Banded, broadcast, Brassica oleracea var. acephala, establishment, Gruner kale, independent, interaction, leaching, metabolisable energy
Do Crises Catalyze Creative Destruction? Firm-level Evidence from Indonesia

Abstract Using Indonesian manufacturing census data (1991–2001), this paper rejects the hypothesis that the East Asian crisis unequivocally improved the reallocative process. The correlation between productivity and employment growth did not strengthen, and the crisis induced the exit of relatively productive firms. The attenuation of the relationship between productivity and survival was stronger in provinces with comparatively lower reductions in minimum wages, but not due to reduced entry, changing loan conditions, or firms connected to the Suharto regime suffering disproportionately. On the bright side, firms that entered during the crisis were relatively more productive, which helped mitigate the reduction in aggregate productivity.
the Arabian Platform : introduction Sedimentary basin tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to Geological Society

The Palaeozoic to recent evolution of the Tethys system gave way to the largest mountain chain of the world extending from the Atlantic to Pacific oceans – the Alpine– Himalayan Mountain chain, which is still developing as a result of collision and northwards convergence of continental blocks including Apulia in the west, the Afro-Arabian Plate in the middle and the Indian Plate in the east. This Special Publication addresses the main problems of the middle part of this system incorporating the Balkans, Black Sea and Greater Caucasus in the north and the Afro-Arabian Plate in the south. Since the Early Mesozoic a number of small to large scale oceanic basins opened and closed as the intervening continental fragments drifted northwards and diachronously collided with and accreted to the southern margin of the Eurasian Plate. Despite the remarkable consequences of this, in terms of subduction, obduction and orogenic processes, little is known about the timing and palaeogeographic evolution of the region. This includes the amounts of shortening and interplay between synconvergent extension and compression, development of magmatic arc and arc-related basins and the timing and mechanism of their deformation. The chapters presented in this Special Publication present new information that help to fill some of the gaps of
Petrochemistry and tectonic setting of Lower Cretaceous tholeiites from Franz Josef Land, U.S.S.R.

The whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry of six samples of Lower Cretaceous tholeiitic basalt from Franz Josef Land, U.S.S.R. , have been studied. Geochemical criteria indicate that the basalts are initial rifting tholeiites characterised by low contents of Ti and other H-elements, suggesting derivation from a depleted mantle source. These tholeiites formed during a Lower Cretaceous rifting stage in the formation of the Arctic Ocean basin, most likely the opening of the Canada Basin.
Multiscale Modeling in Property Predictions of Materials

Summary A framework of applications of multiscale modeling to property prediction of advanced materials will be briefly presented. A methodology will be shown to link micro-scale to the continuum scale, integrating micro-scale modeling of microstructure with the large Thermo-Calc c database. This paradigm is successfully applied to the case of Fe-12Ni-6Mn maraging steel. We predict the mechanical properties of the maraging steel such as hardness. We found that our predictions in hardness is in agreement with experimental data.
Allochrony: A new way of analysing life histories, as illustrated with mammals

Many life-history features of animals can be scaled to body size. This allometric approach has provided important insights into the evolution of life histories. Here we propose a new approach which involves scaling life-history features in relation to life span or other life-history time periods. We illustrate this ‘allochronic method’ using life-history data from 190 species and 14 orders of mammals provided by Asdell’s Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction (Hayssen et al., 1993). Among these species, the durations of gestation, lactation and the post-weaning juvenile period were scaled to age at sexual maturity (first conception). Gestation time and lactation time both tended to show negative allochrony (slope < 1.0) with increasing age at first conception, whereas the juvenile period showed positive allochrony (slope > 1.0). These trends appear to be robust, as they are seen within various orders and families, body-size classes, dietary types and foraging modes. These data suggest that species differences in the age at sexual maturity depend more on differences in developmental time during the post-weaning juvenile period than during the pre-weaning period. Ecological comparisons further reveal that faunivorous mammals tend to spend a greater percentage of their maturation time as post-weaning juveniles than omnivores, granivore/frugivores or herbivores. Arboreal mammals also have proportionately longer juvenile periods than scansorial and terrestrial species. These trends appear to be related to the greater time required for the young of faunivorous and arboreal species to develop foraging and locomotor skills sufficient to permit reproduction. We conclude that the ability of the allochronic method to reveal new interesting patterns warrants its further use as a basic tool for analysing life histories.
The nuclear physics input to astrophysics modelling, and the r- and p-processes: Where do we stand 50 years after B 2 FH and Cameron?

This is a brief review of the progress made since the sem- inal contributions to the foundations of the theory of nucleosynthesis by M. Burbidge, G. Burbidge, Fowler and Hoyle, and by Cameron. The reviewed topics are (1) the nuclear physics input to the nucleosyn- thesis models (nuclear masses, fission, rates of -decays, neutrino reac- tions, photoreactions, and nuclear charged particle-induced or neutron- induced reactions), (2) the nuclear physics and astrophysics aspects of the r-process, and (3) the same items for the p-process.
Assessing Self Care Practices of People Living with AIDS attendingantiretroviral clinic Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Background: The shift from acute to chronic illness of HIV/AIDS requires a self-management model in which patients assume an active and informed role in healthcare decision. Promoting self-care management for people living with AIDS includes addressing complex issues such as keeping to treatment regimen, dietary pattern, physicalexercise and seeking for social support. This study provides baseline information about the self-care practices of people living with AIDS attending antiretroviral clinic of General Hospital Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the antiretroviral clinic of General Hospital Kafanchan, Kaduna between August and September, 2014. A sample size of 412 People living with AIDS was selected using systematicsampling technique. A structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data using four research assistants fromthe antiretroviral clinic who were trained on the purpose of the study, contents of the instrument and how to administerthe instrument on clinic days while maintaining objectivity and confidentiality. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0 at 95% confidence interval. Results: Respondents described their dietary pattern as good. Majority (88%) kept to their clinic appointment and did not miss taking their drugs as prescribed. Respondents felt more at home seeking support from family members, health workers and significant others. Most of the respondents embarked on exercises such as walking, running and doing physical work. Conclusion: Self-care management practice is critical for people living with AIDS. There is need for continuous counseling and closer monitoring of people living with AIDS by health care providers to enable them sustain their selfcare management. It is also suggested that physical exercise be included in their health education to promote health and wellbeing.
Final Author comments in reply to two anonymous reviewers on “ A 6-year global cloud climatology from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder AIRS and a statistical analysis in synergy with CALIPSO and CloudSat ” by C

We present a six-year global climatology of cloud properties, obtained from observations of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) onboard the NASA Aqua satellite. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) combined with CloudSat observations, both missions launched as part of the A-Train in 2006, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the retrieved AIRS cloud properties such as cloud amount and height. In addition, they permit to explore the vertical structure of different cloud types. AIRS-LMD cloud detection agrees with CALIPSO about 85% over ocean and about 75% over land. Global cloud amount has been estimated from 66%to74%, depending on the weighting of not cloudy AIRS footprints by partial cloud cover from 0 to 0.3. 42% of all clouds are high clouds, and about 42% of all clouds are single layer low-level clouds. The ‘radiative’ cloud height determined by the AIRS-LMD retrieval corresponds well to the height of the maximum backscatter signal and of the ‘apparent middle’ of the cloud. Whereas the real cloud thickness of high opaque clouds often fills the whole troposphere, their ‘apparent’ cloud thickness (at which optical depth reaches about 5) is on average only 2.5 km. The real geometrical thickness of optically thin cirrus as identified by AIRS-LMD is identical to the ‘apparent’ cloud thickness with an average of about 2.5 km in the tropics and midlatitudes. High clouds in the tropics have slightly more diffusive cloud tops than at higher latitudes. In general, the depth of the maximum backscatter signal increases nearly linearly with increasing ‘apparent’ cloud thickness. For the same ‘apparent’ cloud thickness optically thin cirrus show a maximum backscatter about 10% deeper inside the cloud than optically thicker clouds. We also show that only the geometrically thickest opaque clouds and (the probably surrounding anvil) cirrus penetrate the stratosphere in the tropics.
Quality Of Life Of People With Diabetes In Benin City As Measured With WHOQOL- BREF.

Purpose: To assess the impact of diabetes on the health-related quality of life of Nigerians. Methods: 112 diabetic patients treated in the University of Benin teaching Hospital (UBTH) and Owen-Jackson Obaseki foundation clinic along with 81 healthy controls without diabetes were recruited. Both groups were given the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaireshort version (WHOQoL-BREF). HRQoLs were acquired to assess quality of life domains that included physical and psychological health, social relationships, and environmental domains. Means, standard deviations, and statical tests for differences were performed.Results: The mean age of patients with diabetes and the control group was 59.0 (range 31-80) and 53.0 (range31-80) respectively. Among the diabetic group 65(58%) were males while 47(42%) were females. Similarly, in the control group there were more males 44(54.3%) than females 37(45.7%). The HRQoL of patients with diabetes was lowest in the social domain. When compared with the control group the HRQoL of patients was lower in all domains except the environment domain (P=0.6478). Conclusion: This study shows diabetes impacts the lives of affected Nigerians in multiple areas and Nigerian physicians must address its social consequences.
Some Features of the Syntax of Proverbs in Cameroon Pidgin English

This paper examines the structure of Cameroon Pidgin English proverbs. The data are drawn from a sample of proverbs which seem to have originated from the context of use of the language itself and are therefore not translations from foreign languages and cultures. The analysis, which is done following Quirk et al.’s model of syntactic study [1] [2], reveals that simple sentences occur more frequently than compound and complex sentences, with compound sentences being very limited in number. The SVO and SVC clause patterns are dominant in simple sentences and so are positive structures as opposed to negative ones in the whole corpus. Complex sentence proverbs usually contain adverbial and relative clauses. While the position of relative clauses is fixed, that of adverbial clauses is mobile and as a result, cases of fronting are common. Another the-matisation technique is clefting, where the element “na” (it is… that) reproduc-es an earlier sentence constituent and introduces a relative clause in an other-wise simple sentence. This is one of the structural features of Cameroon Pidgin that obviously does not come from the superstrate English; seemingly, it does not come from the substrate Cameroon indigenous languages either.
Skilling up for training: a feasibility study investigating acute effects of stochastic resonance whole-body vibration on postural control of older adults

The present pilot study investigated the feasibility of applying a single bout stochastic resonance whole-body vibration in deconditioned elderly individuals and the effects on static and dynamic balance and reaction time. We report the results of a non-blinded randomized control trial with a pre-test/post-test design. Twenty elderly individuals were randomized into either single bout stochastic resonance whole-body vibration (SR-WBV) (n=10, frequency 5 Hz, Noise 4) or control (n=10). SR-WBV received 5 sets of 1 min stochastic whole-body vibration (5 Hz, Noise 4: vibration with a randomly varying frequency, 1=low, 4=high) with 1 min rest in between. The control group rested for 10 min without any intervention. Functional reach test (FRT), semi-tandem stand (STS), Expanded Timed Get Up-and-Go Test (ETGUG), single task- (ST) and dual task walking time (DT), chair rising (CR), and foot (RTF) and hand reaction time (RTH) were measured before and after the intervention. Within- and between group differences were analyzed using repeated measures. In order to assess the meaningfulness of pre-training to post-training changes, the effect size (ES) was calculated according to Cohen’s d. All participants in the study accepted and adhered to the WBV session and performed scheduled follow-up measurements. There were no adverse events. Change values for dynamic balance showed a strong trend towards improvement for FRT of about 4.5% (ES=0.52, P=0.161). Change values for RTF (5.9%; ES=0.55; P =0.169) showed a trend towards improvement in the SR-WBV only. The results suggest that stochastic resonance WBV is both safe and well accepted by elderly individuals in assisted living institutions, and might have beneficial effects on balance in these adults. Further research is warranted to determine whether this device might be of use in the skilling-up phase of an exercise program when training is initiated in strongly deconditioned and/or frail elderly. The new training protocol is expected to allow for safe skilling-up training of deconditioned older adults in assisted living institutions.
Biodiversity , taxonomy , conservation , ecology and utilization of freshwater aquatic fungi from India

The number of fungi recorded in India exceeds 28,000 species, the largest biotic community recorded after insects. These organisms are without plastids, nutrition absorptive, never phagrotrophic, without an amoeboid pseudopodial phase, cell walls containing chitin and â-glucans mostly, mitochondria with flattened cristae, peroxisomes nearly present. Individual assternae present, thallus being unicellular or filamentous and consisting of multicellular coenocytic, haploid hyphae reproducing sexually or asexually, the diploid phase generally short lived, saprobic, mutualistic or parasitic. Water is a mobile medium and a transporting vehicle for fungi. Zoosporic fungi colonize diverse habitats in fresh water and help in recycling of organic matter, energy budget, and food chain besides the disease production. It comprises Chytridiomycetes, Hyphochytridiomycetes and Oomycetes. This group consists of 200 genera and 1160 species. Physicochemical factors like pH, temperature, altitude, water flow; depth, aerobic nature, pollutants, vegetation, macro and microelements are known to influence their biodiversity status, distribution, seasonal variation and activity. The available taxonomic information on water-borne conidial fungi from Indian sub-continent is far from satisfaction. Reliable quantitative and qualitative information are essential to fill up the lacunae in the existing knowledge. Extensive surveys have to be made in order to understand the diversity and distribution patterns of this group of fungi growing under Indian conditions. Further studies on culturing, on the ecology and physiology of water-borne conidial fungi are necessary besides studying the role of these fungi in aquatic eco-system.