Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Optical Power, High Gain and High Dynamic Range Directly Modulated Optical Link

In order to achieve a high output power, high gain and high dynamic range directly modulated optical link, we have developed a high power and low noise DFB laser and a high power handling and high efficiency photodiode with specific designs. The laser exhibits high power (180 mW), high efficiency (0.4 W/A), low RIN and a 7.4 GHz modulation bandwidth. The UTC photodiode offers high efficiency (1 A/W), high saturation current (90 mA) and 15 GHz modulation bandwidth. We have realized a low loss optical link with no amplifier and no impedance matching network. We have obtained a 7.3 GHz modulation bandwidth link with a gain higher than . Third order intermodulation of the devices at various different polarization points has been investigated to deduce the optical link dynamic range. At 2.5 GHz, we have demonstrated an OIP3 of 37 dBm and a SFDR close to 120 dB · Hz2/3.
How do Multinationals Build Social Capital? Evidence from South Africa

This paper looks at the self-reporting of social engagement by multinational firms in South Africa, developing previous measures of social capital to fit the unique context of the multinational firm in particular mapping the configurations of declared engagement and the firms' provision. It finds large intersectoral variation which cannot be predicted by one factor alone, and sometimes wide intrasectoral variation. In particular (and for different reasons) 'extractive' and 'industrial' sector firms traditionally criticised for their impact on communities - and 'medical' sector firms are engaged in practices conducive to the generation of social capital.
Can the hamstring muscles protect the anterior cruciate ligament during a side‐cutting maneuver?

Because anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in European handball the present study assessed knee joint shear forces to estimate ACL loading in six elite female handball players during a side‐cutting maneuver. A pilot investigation in three dimensions showed that peak moments occurred in the sagittal plane at a high velocity. Therefore, analysis of the movement was performed in two dimensions using high‐speed cinematography, ground reaction forces, and electromyography (EMG). Film and force plate data allowed for calculation of net joint moments (inverse dynamics), estimates of instantaneous muscle‐tendon lengths, contraction velocities, and peak loading of the ACL. During the breaking phase of the maneuver the peak knee joint moment was 239 Nm (99–309), which yielded an ACL‐load of 520 N (215–673). The corresponding peak EMG amplitudes for the hamstring muscles were 34–39% of maximum EMG. During the breaking phase the quadriceps muscle contracted eccentrically with a velocity of 216–253% fiber length/s. In constrast, the hamstring muscles contracted concentrically with a velocity of 222–427% fiber length/s. These results suggest that a side‐cutting maneuver produces loads that are insufficient to rupture the ACL. Furthermore, the rapid concentric hamstring contraction suggests that even during maximal activation, the ability of the hamstrings to reduce the ACL load is marginal.
Classifying psychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury and orthopaedic injury in children: adequacy of K-SADS versus CBCL

Primary objective: To evaluate the convergence between the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Research design: Cross-sectional psychiatric study of 72 children with traumatic brain injuries or orthopaedic injuries aged 5–14. Methods and procedures: Sensitivity, specificity, total predictive value and odds ratio were calculated to evaluate the association between CBCL summary scores and K-SADS diagnosis of at least one psychiatric disorder (K-SADS-1), and of CBCL subscales and K-SADS diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Lowered cut-off scores of t ≥ 60 were used. Main outcomes and results: Convergence between the CBCL total problem scale and K-SADS-1 was poor. Convergence between ‘at least one elevated CBCL subscale’ and K-SADS-1, and between CBCL attention problems and social problems scales and K-SADS diagnosis of ADHD was excellent. Conclusions: Caution is needed when using the total problem scale of CBCL in predicting global psychological impairment because underestimation of problems is likely. The attention and social problems scales of CBCL can be used to estimate ADHD.
Dynamic Trade-Offs In Financial Performances Of Romanian Companies

Our research objectives are twofold: (1) we use the Du Pont model and market ratios such as PER (price-earnings-ratio) and EPS (earnings-per-share) to explain the causes of financial perfor- mances of Romanian companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange for 2002-2009 and to identify the dynamic trade-off among efficiency, profitability and leverage across companies; (2) we develop a cross-sectional analysis of the links between financial statements based and market based indicators, aiming at determining whether fundamental analysis is a significant source of information for equity market investors. We find that over the period Romanian companies’ performances fluctuated signifi- cantly, maybe with the exception of financial leverage and to some extent TAT, regardless of how one measures performance, and that companies were not capable of using the trade-off between profitabil- ity and efficiency to boost their ROA and ROE. Companies’ performance in the stock market is not explained by their operational and financial performance, with the exception of PER and EPS. These results indicate a decoupling between companies’ performance reflected in their financial reports and the performance investors obtain from trading them in the stock market. They also point towards the little importance awarded by for companies’ performance shown in their financial reports.
REVIEW OF BEST PRACTICE ROAD SAFETY INITIATIVES IN THE CORPORATE AND/OR BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

This project investigated the potential to introduce road safety based initiatives in the corporate environment. The report includes: (1) a literature review; (2) a review of European research and programs; (3) interviews with government and corporate representatives; and (4) a review of the occupational health and safety legal perspective. From the literature review it was concluded that the fleet safety initiatives which have potential to be effective are: (1) selecting safer vehicles; (2) some particular driver training and education programs; (3) incentives (not rewards); and (4) company safety programs in companies with an overall safety emphasis. European research and programs vary widely from the incorporation of fleet safety into quality assurance of transport in Sweden to the use of driver training and driver discussion groups in other jurisdictions. In Europe, as in Australia and other parts of the world, evaluation of the effectiveness of fleet safety initiatives is rarely undertaken. The current OHS legislation in Victoria allows considerable opportunity for promotion of best practice injury prevention measures. However, the lack of regulations specifically targeting vehicle and driver safety in the occupational setting means that enforcement is only relevant to a small range of fleet safety problems. (a)
Microtubule Plus End: A Hub of Cellular Activities

Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers, which control many aspects of cellular architecture. Growing MT plus ends accumulate a specific set of evolutionary conserved factors, the so‐called MT plus‐end‐tracking proteins (+TIPs). +TIPs regulate MT dynamics and the reciprocal interactions of MTs with the cell cortex, mitotic kinetochores or different cellular organelles. Most +TIPs can directly bind to MTs, but the molecular mechanisms of their specific targeting to the growing plus ends remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that the members of one particular +TIP family, EB1 and its homologues, are present in all eucaryotic kingdoms, interact directly with the majority of other known plus‐end‐associated proteins and may be responsible for their specific accumulation at the MT tips.
Cultural Effects on Corporate Governance in Thailand: A Study Through the Three-Pillared Model

This paper argues that balance of power is the core of all stable economic systems of which evidence can be found in European economic history. Also recent deductive studies on modern organizational economics have shown the necessity of balancing two interacting thrusts inside firms: to achieve firms' objectives and to keep their activities efficient. Both streams of evidence lead this paper to synthesize the balance of power as the core of corporate governance. This theoretical framework argues that a firm can be understood and conceptualized in several realms. Whereas the legal realm of the firm is commonly used in theoretical analysis, its narrowly characterized nexus-of-contract hinders scholars from understanding the complexity of the governance realm which can be construed as the balance of power driven by three interacting components, namely Authoritative capability, Control power and Cultural consensus. The balance of the first two components is presumably influenced by the third component. Therefore the role of Cultural consensus, consisting of trust, cultural values, social norms, social belief and ethics, is scrutinized in parallel with these components. Since a sizable portion of Thai listed companies are in practice controlled by majority shareholders and their families, these companies represent the ideal subjects for study through the lens of the Trimiti or 3Cs model. Selected proxies of the three governance components are tested against the performance indices of a sample of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand and significant relationships are found. The Trimiti model is proved to be an effective new tool of corporate governance study.
Protein identification by accurate mass matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of tryptic peptides.

The spatial distribution of proteins in tissue sections can be used to identify potential markers for pathological processes. Tissue sections are often subjected to enzymatic digestion before matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging. This study is targeted at improving the on-tissue identification of tryptic peptides by accurate mass measurements and complementary off-line liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) analysis. Two adjacent mouse brain sections were analyzed in parallel. The first section was spotted with trypsin and analyzed by MALDI imaging. Direct on-tissue MS/MS experiments of this section resulted in the identification of 14 peptides (originating from 4 proteins). The second tissue section was homogenized, fractionated by ultracentrifugation and digested with trypsin prior to LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis. The number of identified peptides was increased to 153 (corresponding to 106 proteins) by matching imaged mass peaks to peptides which were identified in these LC/ESI-MS/MS experiments. All results (including MALDI imaging data) were based on accurate mass measurements (RMS <2 ppm) and allow a confident identification of tryptic peptides. Measurements based on lower accuracy would have led to ambiguous or misleading results. MS images of identified peptides were generated with a bin width (mass range used for image generation) of Δm/z = 0.01. The application of accurate mass measurements and additional LC/MS measurements increased both the quality and the number of peptide identifications. The advantages of this approach for the analysis of biological tissue sections are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Results indicate that accurate mass measurements are needed for confident identification and specific image generation of tryptic peptides in tissue sections.
Psychological Well-Being in Adult Life

in magnitude of research? studies of psychological problems dwarf the literature on positive psychological functioning? and in the meaning of basic terms (e.g., typical usage equates health with the absence of illness). A person is viewed as men tally sound if he or she does not suf fer from anxiety, depression, or other forms of psychological symp tomatology. This prevailing formula tion never gets to the heart of Well ness; to do so, we must define mental health as the presence of the positive. To explicate the positive is, how ever, to grapple with basic values and ideals of the human experience. These values are no less evident in definitions of human suffering, al though consensus in identification of the negative is somehow easier to achieve. Despite these challenges, much has been written, within the field of psychology and outside it, regarding the contours of positive psychological functioning. DEFINING FEATURES OF WELL-BEING
Motivational Factors And The Hospitality Industry: A Case Study Examining The Effects Of Changes In The Working Environment

The Mandarin Oriental Hotel in Bangkok is a world-wide leader in hospitality management. A critical ingredient for their success has been developing and maintaining superior performance from their employees. How is that accomplished? What Human Resource Management (HRM) practices should organizations invest in to acquire and retain great employees? Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of providing a supportive work environment, one that engenders employee satisfaction and promotes effective service performance among hospitality employees. But what is a supportive environment for hotel workers who are required to be responsive to the needs of guests twenty four hours a day? The Mandarin Oriental’s unique approach involved building a separate area in the hotel dedicated to the well-being of their employees. This area—The O-Zone—originated from the idea of providing workplaces which support fun and enjoyment as part of work-life balance. The case focuses attention on how changes in the working environment can significantly enhance the recognition and appreciation of employees A dedicated employee center in the hospitality industry has not been explored before and offers up an exceptional opportunity to examine the effect on motivation and how the center may be appreciated differently by employees based on gender, department and work experience—an important consideration for Human Resources when designing incentive programs.
Comparative study of IQML and MODE direction-of-arrival estimators

We present a comparative study of using the iterative quadratic maximum likelihood (IQML) and the method of direction estimation (MODE) for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of narrowband incident signals with a uniform linear array. The conditions for local convergence and the theoretical performance of IQML are derived. Although the DOA estimates obtained via MODE are asymptotically statistically efficient, we show that those obtained via IQML are almost always inconsistent and have (much) larger mean squared errors. We also show that the amount of computations required by IQML is usually much larger than that required by MODE, especially for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a large number of snapshots.
Peripherally induced and anticipating elevator muscle activity during simulated chewing in humans.

1. During chewing, little muscle activity is required to make open-close movements with the mandible, and much additional muscle activity (AMA) of the closing muscles is needed to overcome the resistance of food. The neuromuscular control of the AMA was investigated. 2. Subjects made rhythmic open-close movements at their natural chewing frequency controlled by a metronome. Food resistance was simulated by an external force, acting on the jaw in a downward direction during part of the closing movement. Sequences of cycles with a force were unexpectedly alternated with sequences of cycles without a force. Jaw movement, and surface electromyograph (EMG) of the masseter, temporalis, and digastric muscles on both sides were recorded during cycles before and after the transition from force to no force (Disappear experiment) and vice versa (Appear experiment). 3. The movement trajectory of the second and following cycles after the transition from force to no force or vice versa were similar. Thus adaptation to the changed circumstances occurred in both types of experiments within two open-close cycles. 4. In the first cycle with force in the Appear experiments, the AMA started, on average, 129 ms after the onset of the force. In all other cycles with force, the AMA started, on average, 70 ms before the onset of the force at a low level and steeply increased 23 ms after the onset of the force. 5. In the first cycle without force in the Disappear experiments, the AMA started, on average, 69 ms before the moment at which the force would have started. However, the large contribution to the AMA had disappeared. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Local analogues of high-redshift star-forming galaxies: integral field spectroscopy of green peas

We use integral field spectroscopy, from the SWIFT and Palm3K instruments, to perform a spatially-resolved spectroscopic analysis of four nearby highly star-forming `green pea' (GP) galaxies, that are likely analogues of star-forming systems at z~2.5-3. By studying emission-line maps in H$\alpha$, [NII]$\lambda \lambda$6548,6584 and [SII]$\lambda$$\lambda$6716,6731, we explore the kinematic morphology of these systems and constrain properties such as gas-phase metallicities, electron densities and gas-ionization mechanisms. Two of our GPs are rotationally-supported while the others are dispersion-dominated systems. The rotationally-supported galaxies both show evidence for recent or ongoing mergers. However, given that these systems have intact disks, these interactions are likely to have low mass ratios (i.e. minor mergers), suggesting that the minor-merger process may be partly responsible for the high SFRs seen in these GPs. Nevertheless, the fact that the other two GPs appear morphologically undisturbed suggests that mergers (including minor mergers) are not necessary for driving the high star formation rates in such galaxies. We show that the GPs are metal-poor systems (25-40 per cent of solar) and that the gas ionization is not driven by AGN in any of our systems, indicating that AGN activity is not co-eval with star formation in these starbursting galaxies.
US adult attitudes and practices regarding smoking restrictions and child exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: changes in the social climate from 2000-2001.

OBJECTIVE A substantial proportion of homes and automobiles serve as settings for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, and many public settings that children frequent are still not smoke-free. Tobacco control efforts are attempting to increase smoking bans. The objective of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of smokers and nonsmokers regarding smoking bans and child ETS exposure in multiple public and private settings and to report changes from 2000-2001. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the annual Social Climate Survey of Tobacco Control were analyzed for changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding tobacco. These data were collected via automated, random-digit-dialing telephone surveys that were conducted in the summers of 2000 and 2001. The samples were weighted by race and gender to be representative of the US population. RESULTS Response rates for eligible adults actually contacted were 1501 (75%) of 1876 in 2000 and 3002 (84%) of 3566 in 2001. The majority of adults, both smokers and nonsmokers, support smoking bans in a wide variety of places. The percentage of all respondents reporting the presence of smoking bans in several public and private places increased from 2000-2001: the household (69%-74%), in the presence of children (84%-88%), convenience stores (68%-74%), fast-food restaurants (52%-58%), and non-fast-food restaurants (25%-28%). Support for smoking bans also increased in shopping malls (71%-75%), fast-food restaurants (77%-80%), and indoor sporting events (78%-80%). There were no significant changes in support for smoking bans in convenience stores, restaurants, or outdoor parks. Adults' knowledge of the harm caused by tobacco was unchanged, with the vast majority of adults recognizing the dangers of exposure to ETS from parental smoking (95%) and exposure to ETS in cars (77%). CONCLUSIONS Small improvements in adult attitudes and practices regarding children's ETS exposure occurred from 2000-2001. However, a significant number of adults in the United States still report ignorance of the harmful effects of child ETS exposure, and there was no improvement in reported knowledge in this 1-year period. In contrast, a growing majority of smokers and nonsmokers favor restrictions on smoking in public settings, suggesting that states and communities have public support for broad public smoking restriction policies. There are significant roles that pediatricians can play in preventing children's ETS exposure, through both patient and family education and by moving smoking restriction policies forward on their community's agenda.
Assessment of the Reproducibility of Performance Testing on an Air-Braked Cycle Ergometer

The purposes of this study were (I) to assess the reproducibility of endurance performance testing on an air-braked cycle ergometer, and (II) to compare laboratory performances to performances in road races. Ten well-trained, competitive cyclists (peak power output [PPO] 443 +/- 37 W, [values are mean +/- SD]) undertook either: (I) three 20 km and three 40 km time trials (TT) on an air braked ergometry system (Kingcycle) (n = 6), and/or (II) three 40 km laboratory TT and two 40 km road TT competitions (n = 8). The time taken for the laboratory simulated 20 km and 40 km TT rides were highly reproducible (coefficient of variation 1.1 +/- 0.9% and 1.0 +/- 0.5%, respectively). However, the mean power output and heart rate were significantly different (p < 0.0001) between the 20 km and 40 km TT (327.5 +/- 16.9 vs 303.9 +/- 14.9 W and 171.4 +/- 5.1 vs 168.3 +/- 4.4 beats/min, respectively). A strong relationship (r = 0.99, p < 0.001) was observed between the mean cycling time and the average sustained power output. A significant correlation (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) was also observed between laboratory and road race times, although road race times were, on average, some 8% slower. These findings indicate that the Kingcycle ergometry system can be used as a reliable method of assessing short term endurance cycling performance.
Characteristics of corporate social responsibility assurance practices

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 LIST OF TABLES 6 LIST OF ANNEXURES 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 11 CHAPTER 2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORTING 30 CHAPTER 3 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ASSURANCE 83 CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 128 CHAPTER 5 EMPIRICAL CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORTING RESULTS 164 CHAPTER 6 EMPIRICAL CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ASSURANCE RESULTS 178 CHAPTER 7 CONTRIBUTION AND CONCLUSION 274 BIBLIOGRAPHY 289