Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students' Experiences with an Automated Essay Scorer.

The purpose of this research is to analyze preservice teachers’ use of and reactions to an automated essay scorer used within an online, case-based learning environment called ETIPS. Data analyzed include post-assignment surveys, a user log of students’ actions within the cases, instructor-assigned scores on final essays, and interviews with four selected students. These in-depth data about students’ reactions to and opinions of the ETIPS automated essay scorer help inform the field about users’ perceptions of automated scoring.
Distributed system management via elastic servers

Most distributed management applications are implemented as client server systems. The traditional client server paradigm fixes the functionality and interfaces provided by server processes at compile time. We propose the use of a more flexible paradigm: management by delegation to elastic servers. Elasticity, the ability to dynamically add and remove functionality of a server while it is executing is necessary for many distributed system management applications. An example application which utilizes elastic servers to compress large amounts of real-time operational data and to accomplish autonomous management decisions is described. <<ETX>>
The utility of potential field enhancements for remote predictive mapping

Potential field (gravity and magnetic) data are fundamental to geologic mapping approaches based on geophysical interpretations. Lithologic and structural information can be extracted from amplitudes and trends of the gravity and magnetic anomalies. To assist in the interpretation, data enhancements are commonly used to transform the original data into new quantities that emphasize or suppress some specified component, resulting in a more easily interpreted representation. The number of available enhancements is rapidly increasing and begs the following question: Are they all useful and effective? Based on modelling, theoretical arguments, and real data examples, we evaluate 12 enhancements in terms of their effectiveness. Four of the 12 are found to be redundant, giving almost identical results when used for quantitatively mapping the edges of magnetic sources or, equivalently, geologic contacts. Two others produce similar levels of detail, so both enhancements are not needed. Two other enhancements are susceptible to noise in the data, leading to a lack of continuity in the mapped contact locations. One of the enhancements produces extra, false contact locations, which can complicate mapping, especially in areas of complex source distributions. When enhancements are used to derive images for qualitative interpretation, only two out of the four that are appropriate for this kind of interpretation give useful information.
Comparisons of multiple access schemes for personal communication systems in a mixed cellular environment

The paper deals with the evaluation of performances of packet reservation multiple access (PRMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) in a mixed cellular environment, composed by a regular grid of macrocells plus microcells deployed in the most congested areas. The investigation aims at evaluating the impact of the different interference mechanisms on traffic performance and bases on the comparison between two technical solutions proposed in literature. The approach is quite innovative since the analysis is carried out considering realistic spatial traffic statistics, which are characterized, even with a nominally uniform user distribution, by fluctuations resulting in uneven traffic loads on different cells. Different propagation models for macrocells and microcells have been adopted. >
Maximizing the detection and localization of Ga-67 tumors in thoracic SPECT MLEM (OSEM) reconstructions

Iterative reconstruction algorithms are usually regularized by applying a penalty function, by post-filtering, or by halting the algorithm after some number of iterations. It is difficult to know a, priori what is the optimal combination of regularization methods. One method of selection is to use a localization receiver operating characteristic (LROC) study. LROC extends ROC analysis by incorporating a search and localize component into the task. Using LROC, we investigated the combination of iteration number and 3D Gaussian filter which will maximize the detectability and localization accuracy of 1 cm gallium-avid tumors in maximum-likelihood (ordered-subset) expectation maximization SPECT reconstructions of the chest region. In our study, five observers read 200 images per test condition, divided equally over two reading sessions. In each case, the observer indicated the most probable location of the lesion in the image and provided a confidence rating (as in an ROC experiment). The best performance in our experiment was achieved using reconstruction with 8 iterations of MLEM followed by a 3D Gaussian filter with a 4-pixel (1.3 cm) FWHM.
Understanding preprint sharing on Sciencepaper Online from the perspectives of motivation and trust

The objective of this study is to explore preprint sharing in the context of quick sharing of scientific papers through the lens of knowledge sharing, which is largely overlooked by the previous literature. In this study, we developed a research model from the perspectives of motivation and trust basing on the Theory of Reasoned Action. We carried out an online survey of authors who had contributed their preprints to the Chinese preprint system, Sciencepaper Online. The results showed that trust is the key determinant of Attitude towards preprint sharing, while Anticipated Extrinsic Reward impacts both Image and Sense of Self-Worth which further impact Attitude. Attitude and Subjective Norm both impact Intention. These findings and their implications for theory and practice are discussed. We believe that the current research usefully contributes to the theoretical development of the structural model concerning quick sharing of preprints both in the specific context of Sciencepaper Online and other quick sharing platforms more generally, and also provide useful insights into and helpful suggestions for Chinese preprint sharing practice.
Placing the Library at the Heart of Plagiarism Prevention: The University of Bradford Experience

Plagiarism is a vexing issue for Higher Education, affecting student transition, retention, and attainment. This article reports on two initiatives from the University of Bradford library aimed at reducing student plagiarism. The first initiative is an intensive course for students who have contravened plagiarism regulations. The second course introduces new students to the concepts surrounding plagiarism with the aim to prevent plagiarism breaches. As the Plagiarism Avoidance for New Students course was introduced there has been a significant drop in students referred to the disciplinary program. This article discusses the background to both courses and the challenges of implementation.
Handling Spelling Errors in Online Catalog Searches.

The purpose of this paper is to add to our understanding and knowledge of spelling errors in online catalog searches based on empirical studies of spelling errors in online catalog searches and suggest ways in which systems that detect such errors should handle the errors that they detect. One study of spelling errors in online catalog searches involved a categorization of user queries for subjects that were extracted from four university libraries’ online catalog transaction logs. The results of the analysis demonstrated that less than 6% of user queries that match the catalog’s controlled and free-text terms contain spelling errors. This percentage did not account for spelling errors in user queries that failed to match the catalog’s controlled and free-text terms, because of the difficulty of verifying certain terms and phrases and of collection failure. The results of a related study involved user responses to an experimental online catalog that detected possibly misspelled words. While the majority of users corrected misspelled query words, a sizable proportion made an action that was even more detrimental than the original misspelling; for example, they added another word or phrase to the query in addition to the misspelled word. This paper concludes with three recommendations for improvements to online catalogs to assist users in the correction of misspelled query words and the detection of queries that fail due to collection failure.
The provision, use, study time and effectiveness of media: a mathematical model

Many institutions regularly conduct surveys of students. In some cases these provide descriptive statistics about students’ actual use of course components and the descriptive statistics are discussed using ordinary language. A number of refinements to these surveys are proposed. It is argued that mathematical modeling as used in the discipline of economics can usefully complement existing approaches. A mathematical model of student use of media is developed. The parameters are empirically estimated for an equation expressing the amount of study of a particular component in terms of its ‘essentiality’ and its effectiveness. Thus an ordinary language account can be given greater precision thanks to the mathematical modeling.
Korelasi Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman dengan Kemampuan Menulis Resensi Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti

This research is proposed to described the third year students’ reading comprehension at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti, to describe the third year students’ review ability at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti, and to analyze the correlation between students’ reading comprehension and review ability at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti, this research used qualitative approach with coorelational method. Sample of this research was determined using proportional random sampling which taken 15% of the amount of the students each class. Based o research findings and data analysis, it can be inferred as follows: first, the ability of students reading comprehension at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti can be classified as “good” (70,10). Second, the ability of students’ review can be classified as “good” (73, 88). Third, there is a significance correlation between the third year students’ reading comprehension and students’ review ability at SMP Negeri 3 Linggo Sari Baganti which its reliability 95%.
Effect of traffic patterns on automatic polarization control with polarization and time-division multiplexed optical packet transmission

We investigate a feedback scheme for automatic polarization control suitable for packet and burst transmission on systems using polarization and time-division-multiplexed traffic. A key feature of the control scheme is to make the packet pattern essentially invisible to the controller enabling the use of standard polarization control modules and control algorithms. The scheme is evaluated experimentally in terms of packet loss ratio (PLR) measurements for different burst lengths and patterns covering the entire range of potential traffic loads. In terms of measured PLR the results show a maximum power penalty of only 0.2 dB compared with continuous light transmission.
Picture This: Effects of Graphics on the Processing of Television News

Two experiments, one with college students and one with older participants, examine how the addition of text and animated graphics influence the processing of television news stories. Recall data suggest graphics help younger and older viewers store and retrieve information presented in television news stories. Graphics also enhanced encoding of harder stories for younger viewers but not older viewers. The recognition and heart rate data indicate that older viewers engage in more controlled processing of television messages, whereas college students process television in a more automatic fashion.
3D numerical simulation of the transport of chemical signature compounds from buried landmines

The transport of the chemical signature compounds from buried landmines in a three-dimensional (3D) array has been numerically modeled using the finite-volume technique. Compounds such as trinitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, and their degradation products, are semi volatile and somewhat soluble in water. Furthermore, they can strongly adsorb to the soil and undergo chemical and biological degradation. Consequently, the spatial and temporal concentration distributions of such chemicals depend on the mobility of the water and gaseous phases, their molecular and mechanical diffusion, adsorption characteristics, soil water content, compaction, and environmental factors. A 3D framework is required since two-dimensional (2D) symmetry may easily fade due to terrain topography: non-flat surfaces, soil heterogeneity, or underground fractures. The spatial and temporal distribution of the chemical-signature-compounds, in an inclined grid has been obtained. The fact that the chemicals may migrate horizontally, giving higher surface concentrations at positions not directly on top of the objects, emphasizes the need for understanding the transport mechanism when a chemical detector is used. Deformation in the concentration contours after rainfall is observed in the inclined surface and is attributed to both: the advective flux, and to the water flux at the surface caused by the slope. The analysis of the displacements in the position of the maximum concentrations at the surface, respect to the actual location of the mine, in an inclined system, is presented.
Computational neuroscience : realistic modeling for experimentalists

Foreword Introduction Introduction to Equation Solving and Parameter Fitting Modeling Networks of Signaling Pathways Modeling Local and Global Calcium Signals Using Reaction-Diffusion Systems Monte Carlo methods for Simulating Realistic Synaptic Microphysiology Using Mcell Which Formalism to Use for Modeling Voltage-Dependent Conductances Accurate Reconstruction of Neuronal Morphology Modeling Dendritic Geometry and the Development of Nerve Connections Passive Cable Modeling - a Practical Introduction Modeling Simple and Complex Active Neurons Realistic Modeling of Small Neuronal Circuits Modeling of Large Networks Modeling of Interactions Between Neural Networks and Musculoskeletal Systems
Guided Local Search with Shifting Bottleneck for Job Shop Scheduling

Many recently developed local search procedures for job shop scheduling use interchange of operations, embedded in a simulated annealing or tabu search framework. We develop a new variable depth search procedure, GLS (Guided Local Search), based on an interchange scheme and using the new concept of neighborhood trees. Structural properties of the neighborhood are used to guide the search in promising directions. While this procedure competes successfully with others even as a stand-alone, a hybrid procedure that embeds GLS into a Shifting Bottleneck framework and takes advantage of the differences between the two neighborhood structures proves to be particularly efficient. We report extensive computational testing on all the problems available from the literature.
Understanding Factors Influencing E-Government in Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia rise through the ranks of United Nations report prepared stands at 58 in the world, and 4 in the Gulf region in preparation for e-government, according to United Nations reports. In particular, has been ranked the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in all over the world for its online service index 75. While this is still modest for the aspirations of the Saudi government to see to the implementation of e-government in 2013. The aim of this paper is to study the activities of egovernment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to identify the factors currently impeding the development and implementation of e-government in this country. While issues such as technological issues, cultural and organizational, and social that should be considered and handled carefully by any government considering adoption in Saudi Arabia, this research indicates that factors such as access to the Internet and the integration of various government agencies also constitute a major challenge of e-government to be implemented in Saudi Arabia, and the implementation of egovernment is the lack of strategic frameworks, leadership, and legal and regulatory issues related to infrastructure
Strontium Metagermanate, SrGeO3

This form of strontium germanium trioxide has the same structure as that reported by Hilmer [Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. (1963). 7(5), 573–576] except that it has monoclinic rather than hexagonal symmetry. Two forms of SrGeO3 are known at present: this monoclnic form and a triclinic form reported by Nadezhina, Pobedimskaya, Ilyukhin & Belov [Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. (1981), 26(1), 27-32; 26(3), 268-271]. The present structure has alternate stacking of ternary rings of GeO4 groups and close-packed Sr atoms along [001], and is a six-layer polytype.
Techniques for Organizing and Presenting Search Results: A Survey

With the exponential growth of information available on the Internet, an important challenge is to find useful information using search engines. Most user queries tend to be short and imprecise in nature, and consequently, search engines bring back several thousands or millions of results that a user has to sift through. In most cases, users have to come up with appropriate keywords to find documents of interest, and modify those keywords based on results returned by the search system. One of the key techniques used by researchers and practitioners to address the issue of information overload involves organizing and presenting search results in a way that helps users find documents of interest. In order to better understand these techniques, the paper presents a classification methodology based on the structure and use of the document corpus metadata inside a search engine. This paper uses this classification methodology to explain techniques such as classification and clustering used to organize search engine results, and techniques such as lists and categories used to display organized results in the user interface. The paper then addresses whether these techniques are effective in satisfying the information needs of users from available empirical evidence and relates the evaluation to the classification methodology. The key contributions of this paper are (a) a classification methodology for the various techniques used to organize and present search results, (b) an extensive survey of these techniques with examples and figures where appropriate, and (c) a discussion regarding alignment of these techniques with respect to user needs.
Digitally mastered? Technology and transition in the experience of taught postgraduate students

Taught Master's students have been largely overlooked in research into learners' engagement with digital technologies. This article reports work to redress this imbalance, in which an extended email correspondence was conducted with 23 Master's students. Specifically, it investigates (1) the extent to which these students start their courses both functionally competent in the use of IT and digitally literate, and (2) the relationship between students' engagement with digital technologies and their experience of transition to postgraduate study in five areas: knowledge and skills, autonomy, ‘deeper’ learning, enculturation into an academic community, and self-concept. Findings suggest that students may initially be less functionally competent in IT than might be expected, but use these tools in an informed manner. Engagement with a wider range of digital technologies parallels their shift from novice to expert practice and their developing self-concept as researchers; however, non-digital means also remain important in mediating all aspects of transition.
A multi-agent simulation using cultural algorithms: the effect of culture on the resilience of social systems

Explanations for the collapse of complex social systems including social, political, and economic factors have been suggested. Here we add cultural factors into an agent-based model developed by Kohler for the Mesa Verde Prehispanic Pueblo region. We employ a framework for modeling cultural evolution, cultural algorithms developed by Reynolds (1979). Our approach investigates the impact that the emergent properties of a complex system will have on its resiliency as well as on its potential for collapse. That is, if the system's social structure is brittle, any factor that is able to exploit this fragility can cause a collapse of the system. In particular, we will investigate the impact that environmental variability in the Mesa Verde had on the formation of social networks among agents. Specifically we look at how the spatial distribution of rainfall impacts the systems structure. We show that the distribution of agricultural resources is conducive to the generation of so called "small world" networks that require "conduits" or some agents of larger interconnectivity to link the small worlds together. Experiments show that there is a major decrease in these conduits in early 1200 A.D. This can have s serious potential impact on the networks resiliency. While the simulation shows an upturn near the start of the 14th century it is possible that the damage to the network had already been done.
A new PLL frequency synthesizer using multi-programmable divider

In this paper, we propose a new phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer utilizing the multiprogrammable divider which can attain a higher speed lock-up time by increasing the loop gain. The effectiveness of the PLL frequency synthesizer with the multiprogrammable divider are shown by theoretical considerations and experimental results.
Analysis of internet access and use by academic staff in the University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the extent/level of internet access, and use by academic staff in the University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, as a teaching/research tool.Dsign/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection, with academic staff in the University of Calabar as respondents.Findings – The findings of the survey show extensive internet use by the respondents, although with a low level of access to the internet (26.92 per cent), as most of the respondents have access to the internet through a commercial internet cybercafe off campus, while only 3.08 and 1.54 per cent could access the internet in their offices and university library, respectively. The basic reasons for internet access, and use by the respondents, are for communication through e‐mail (16.87 per cent), teaching (15.66 per cent), and research related activities (14.58 per cent). The findings also indicated that although there exists a high level of skills in internet access.
From Pitches to Notes: Creation and Segmentation of Pitch Tracks for Melody Detection in Polyphonic Audio

Abstract Despite the importance of the note as the basic representational symbol in Western music notation, the explicit and accurate recognition of musical notes has been a difficult problem in automatic music transcription research. In fact, most approaches disregard the importance of notes as musicological units having dynamic nature. In this paper we propose a mechanism for quantizing the temporal sequences of the detected fundamental frequencies into note symbols, characterized by precise temporal boundaries and note pitches (namely, MIDI note numbers). The developed method aims to cope with typical dynamics and performing styles such as vibrato, glissando or legato.