Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of dynamic matrix remodelling on en masse migration of fibroblasts on collagen matrices

Fibroblast migration plays a key role during various physiological and pathological processes. Although migration of individual fibroblasts has been well studied, migration in vivo often involves simultaneous locomotion of fibroblasts sited in close proximity, so-called ‘en masse migration’, during which intensive cell–cell interactions occur. This study aims to understand the effects of matrix mechanical environments on the cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions during en masse migration of fibroblasts on collagen matrices. Specifically, we hypothesized that a group of migrating cells can significantly deform the matrix, whose mechanical microenvironment dramatically changes compared with the undeformed state, and the alteration of the matrix microenvironment reciprocally affects cell migration. This hypothesis was tested by time-resolved measurements of cell and extracellular matrix movement during en masse migration on collagen hydrogels with varying concentrations. The results illustrated that a group of cells generates significant spatio-temporal deformation of the matrix before and during the migration. Cells on soft collagen hydrogels migrate along tortuous paths, but, as the matrix stiffness increases, cell migration patterns become aligned with each other and show coordinated migration paths. As cells migrate, the matrix is locally compressed, resulting in a locally stiffened and dense matrix across the collagen concentration range studied.
EARLY LIFE BENEFITS AND LATER LIFE COSTS OF A TWO AMINO ACID DELETION IN DROSOPHILA SIMULANS

Linking naturally occurring genotypic variation to the organismal phenotype is critical to our understanding of, and ability to, model biological processes such as adaptation to novel environments, disease, and aging. Rarely, however, does a simple mutation cause a single simple observable trait. Rather it is more common for a mutation to elicit an entangled web of responses. Here, we employ biochemistry as the thread to link a naturally occurring two amino acid deletion in a nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein with physiological benefits and costs in the fly Drosophila simulans. This nuclear encoded gene produces a protein that is imported into the mitochondrion and forms a subunit of complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase, or cox) of the electron transport chain. We observe that flies homozygous for the deletion have an advantage when young but pay a cost later in life. These data show that the organism responds to the deletion in a complex manner that gives insight into the mechanisms that influence mitochondrial bioenergetics and aspects of organismal physiology.
Adapting Pediatric Obesity Treatment Delivery for Low-Income Families: A Public—Private Partnership

Objective. The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of delivering a pediatric weight management intervention adapted for low-income families.Academic researchers, a Medicaid health plan, a State Medicaid agency, and community pediatric providers partnered in the project. Methods. Participants were 48 families with 52 overweight/obese children aged 4 to 12 recruited from Medicaid health plan and providers’ offices. Elements of efficacious pediatric obesity interventions were modified for low literacy and implemented in person and telephonically with parents. Results. Families report ents in food shopping and preparation, and child eating and activity habits. The retention rate was 88%. Children grew significantly taller (F = 7.1; P = .012) but did not gain significant weight (F = 0.91; P = .35), with a trend toward decreased BMI ( F = 3.2; P = .08). Conclusions. The authors demonstrate the feasibility of delivering an adapted pediatric obesity intervention with low-income families. They also discuss implications for public—private partnerships among key stakeholders to address pediatric obesity in this high-risk population.
Management of obstructed labor : a retrospective study

RESULTS : 38.37% (94/245) women presented with dead babies in whom destructive operations [most commonly craniotomy (74.44%)] were performed in 91.49% and LSCS in 8.51%. Complications following LSCS and destructive operations were 7.09 % and 21.11% respectively. Perinatal mortality was 12.90%. At birth, 28.57% babies were severely depressed. 8.57% of the live born babies continued with poor apgar scores at 5 minutes. Maternal mortality was 2.04%.
Autism spectrum disorder: Presentation and prevalence in a nationally representative Australian sample

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in Australia, and examine the developmental profile of children with autism spectrum disorder compared to their peers. Design/Setting: Secondary analyses were undertaken on data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants: Children were recruited at kindergarten (K cohort) and birth (B cohort), and subsequently completed two-yearly ‘waves’ of assessments. Main Outcomes: Autism spectrum disorder diagnostic status was ascertained at Wave 4 along with age of diagnosis by parent report. Standardised tools were used to assess children’s quality of life, behaviour, receptive vocabulary and non-verbal intelligence. Results: Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder was 2.5% (95% confidence interval = [2.0, 3.0]) in the B cohort compared to 1.5% (95% confidence interval = [1.2, 2.0]) in the K cohort. In both cohorts, children with autism spectrum disorder had poorer mean quality of life, emotional-behavioural functioning and receptive vocabulary compared with non-autism spectrum disorder peers, and a higher proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder had problems in these areas. However, between 6% and 9% of children with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder and 12–20% with mild autism spectrum disorder were not reported to have problems with social interaction. Conclusion: The prevalence of a parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder before age 7 in Australia was higher in the B cohort. Data from future Longitudinal Study of Australian Children waves will clarify whether autism spectrum disorder has been diagnosed earlier in the B cohort or if there is a continued increase in prevalence. Future waves will also provide crucial information about the types and severity of problems experienced during the primary and secondary school years which will assist service planning.
Task Condition and Pupillometry Full

While eye tracking is gaining popularity in IS research, pupillometry is relatively less explored in IS eye tracking studies. Research however suggests that pupillometry may serve as an excellent unobtrusive measure to study user information processing behavior. The Adaptive decision making theory asserts that task demand affects information processing behavior. Grounded in this theory, we argue that users’ pupillary responses will be different under different task conditions (task demand). We tested our assertion via an eye tracking laboratory experiment. Our results show that pupillary responses were significantly different under different task conditions.
Imaging findings in neonatal hypoxia: a practical review.

OBJECTIVE The findings of hypoxia in the term neonate are unique; neonatal brain imaging findings differ from those of older children. Evaluation of neonatal brain images for signs of hypoxic injury requires attention to a specific set of signs. CONCLUSION Imaging findings in term neonates must be assessed according to different rules from those used in other age groups. Four major signs are proposed as a means of facilitating the diagnosis of hypoxia in the neonate.
Learning and memory test performance in alcoholics as a function of monetary incentive.

The performance deficits of alcoholics on tests of learning and memory are typically attributed to cognitive impairment. This study tests an alternative hypothesis that the deficits are due to motivational impairment. A face-name learning and memory test was administered to 30 sober male nonalcoholic and 40 alcoholic subjects in a 2 x 2 [Group (alcoholic, nonalcoholic) x Monetary incentive (incentive, no incentive)] between-subjects design. The monetary incentive was made contingent upon performance. Alcoholics required significantly more trials to learn face-name pairs, and they recalled fewer face-name pairs at the delayed recall. Incentive subjects manifested a trend toward impairment on the trials-to-learn measure. However, there were no significant Group x Incentive interactions in learning or memory, or on a self-report questionnaire of subjective states (e.g., effort expended) experienced during the test. Thus, no evidence was found to support the impaired motivation hypothesis; the cognitive hypothesis remains as the most credible hypothesis to account for the performance deficits of alcoholics.
Choroid plexus ependymal cells host neural progenitor cells in the rat

We previously demonstrated that choroid plexus epithelial (modified ependymal) cells (CPECs) differentiated into astrocytes after grafting into the spinal cord. In the present study, we examined whether CPECs from rats at postnatal 1 day (P1), 7 day (P7), and 8 weeks (P8W) can function as neural progenitor cells that give rise to neurons and glial cells. Cell spheres were produced in cultures of whole tissue of the choroid plexus from the fourth ventricle of rats at each postnatal period. β‐tubulin class III (Tuj‐1), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)‐, and O4‐positive cells differentiated from cell spheres in the differentiation medium. We produced a monoclonal antibody 3E6 specifically labeling microvilli of CPECs. Using this monoclonal antibody, CPECs were isolated from the choroid plexus of P8W rats by cell sorter (FACS). Immunocytochemistry confirmed that there was no contamination from fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, or Schwann cells in the FACS‐isolated 3E6‐labeled cells. Cell spheres formed in the cultures of these 3E6‐labeled CPECs. After expansion, these cell spheres gave rise to Tuj‐1‐ (5%), GFAP‐ (45%), and O4‐positive cells (0.16%). The remaining cells (45%) were unlabeled neural or glial markers. Some CPECs of the P8W rat were immunohistochemically stained with lineage‐associated markers of Musashi‐1 and epidermal growth factor‐receptor (EGF‐R). In addition, infusion of EGF or fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF2) into the ventricle increased the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐positive cells among CPECs from 0.03% (untreated) to 1.14% (38‐fold, EGF) and 1.03% (35‐fold, FGF2), respectively. These findings indicate that neural progenitor cells exist among CPECs in the rat. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bond and Stock Market Response to Unexpected Earnings Announcements

Abstract This study examines whether earnings changes convey information in bond markets and finds a significant positive (negative) reaction to unexpected earnings increases (decreases). The results are consistent whether earnings announcements precede or follow dividend announcements. Thus, earnings surprises convey information to bond markets and changes in firm value are split among bondholders and stockholders. This is in contrast to evidence from studies examining unexpected dividend announcements where bond price reaction is asymmetric. Cross-sectional analysis reveals that bond excess returns are positively related to earnings surprises.
Inhibition of interleukin 17 production by curcumin in mice with collagen-induced arthritis

Autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have been thought to be mediated by the cytokine interleukin 17 (IL-17). Curcumin (1,7-Bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6 heptadiene- 3, 5-di-one) is an active ingredient derived from rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn. , displaying remarkable anti-inflammatory. Curcumin has been re-ported to have the suppressive effect on the development of an experimental animal model of RA, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). However, there is no evidence for the effect of cur-cumin on IL-17 production of CIA mice. In the present study, we demonstrated that curcu-min inhibited the production of IL-17 in vitro. The treatments of curcumin exhibited an in-hibitory activity against CIA. We further demonstrated that curcumin suppressed IL-17 production of CIA mice using enzyme-linked immunospot assay and intracellular cytokine staining. We reported that curcumin had the inhibitory activity on IL-17 production in CIA mice. The suppression of CIA might result from the inhibition of IL-17 production.
A population‐based study of fatigue and sleep difficulties in inflammatory bowel disease

Background: There has been little investigation of fatigue, a common symptom in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to evaluate fatigue more comprehensively, considering relationships with psychological and biological factors simultaneously in a population‐based IBD community sample. Methods: Manitoba IBD Cohort Study participants (n = 318; 51% Crohn's disease [CD]) were assessed by survey, interview, and blood sample. Fatigue, sleep quality, daytime drowsiness, stress, psychological distress, and quality of life were measured with validated scales. Hemoglobin (Hg) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were also obtained. Differences were tested across disease activity and disease subtype. Results: Elevated CRP was found for 23% of the sample and 12% were anemic; 46% had active disease. Overall, 72% of those with active and 30% with inactive disease reached clinical thresholds for fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; P < 0.001); 77% and 49% of those with active or inactive disease, respectively, experienced poor sleep (P < 0.001). There were few differences between those with CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) on the factors assessed, except for higher CRP levels in CD (mean 8.8 versus 5.3, P < 0.02). Multiple logistic regression analyses found that elevated fatigue was associated with active disease (odds ratio [OR] 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–7.8), poor sleep quality (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.9–8.6), and perceived stress (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.2–8.1), but not with hours of sleep, Hg, or CRP. Conclusions: Fatigue and poor sleep are not only highly prevalent in active disease, but both are still significant concerns for many with inactive disease. Psychological factors are associated with fatigue in IBD in addition to disease and sleep considerations. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
Characterization of Upset-Induced Degradation of Error-Mitigated High-Speed I/O's Using Fault Injection on SRAM Based FPGAs

Fault-injection experiments on Virtex-IItrade FPGAs quantify failure and degradation modes in I/O channels incorporating triple module redundancy (TMR). With increasing frequency (to 100 MHz), full TMR under both I/O standards investigated (LVCMOS at 3.3V and 1.8V) shows more configuration bits have a measurable detrimental performance effect when in error
Effect of changing water quality on galvanic coupling

Two galvanic pipe‐loop couples (lead‐copper and lead–bronze) were exposed to controlled changes in water quality (disinfectant, pH, alkalinity, and phosphate) and monitored for changes in lead and copper release. In addition open circuit potential (OCP) profiles were measured along the junction of dissimilar metals to determine the extent of the zone affected by galvanic coupling. Grab sampling results showed changes in water quality caused transient (short‐lived) increases in lead and decreases in copper that corresponded to the galvanic action of lead on the other coupled metal. OCP measurements indicated that the galvanic effect on corrosion potential can induce a shift of up to 600 mV. The extent of the galvanically affected zone was limited, penetrating no more than a few inches from the juncture along the surface of each pipe. Additional testing confirmed strong effects of external versus internal coupling on the OCP profiles in the galvanically affected zone.
Student attitudes towards communication skills training in a medical college in Western Nepal.

CONTEXT Previous studies have shown that students have both positive and negative attitudes towards communication skills training. However, studies in Nepal are lacking. OBJECTIVES The present study was carried out to determine the positive and negative attitudes of student respondents using the previously validated communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) (see Appendix). METHODS The study was carried out among third- and fourth-semester students at the Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. These students are in the pre-clinical part of their course and learn the basic science subjects through an integrated, system-based curriculum. Gender, age, nationality of the respondents, occupation of parents, medium of instruction at school, attitude towards communication skills training during the clinical years, and self-rating of communication abilities were recorded. Association of the positive and negative attitudes with these variables was determined using appropriate statistical tests (p < 0.05). FINDINGS A total of 123 students participated in the study; 74 (60.2%) were male, and 104 (84.5%) had studied in English-medium schools. The median positive attitude score was 51 (inter-quartile range 7). Nationality and attitude towards communication skills training during the clinical years showed a significant association. The mean negative attitude scale score was 31.18 (SD = 4.96). A significant association was noted with attitude towards communication skills training during the clinical years. Both scales range from 13-65, with higher scores indicating stronger attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Communication skills training should be modified and strengthened. Formal courses during the clinical years are required. Training sessions for the faculty and further studies across different semesters and in different medical colleges in Nepal are needed.
Impending and actual pathological fractures in patients with bone metastases of the long bones. A retrospective study of 233 surgically treated fractures.

OBJECTIVE Analysis of short-term and long-term complications after cemented osteosynthesis for pathological fractures. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING South Municipal Hospital and the Daniël den Hoed Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. SUBJECTS 199 patients consecutive surgically treated between 1978 to 1990 for 233 fractures (161 actual and 72 impending) caused by metastatic lesions of the femur, humerus and tibia. INTERVENTIONS Local resection of the tumour was followed by endoprostheses (n = 52) and by internal plate osteosynthesis (n = 167); 14 fractures were treated with intramedullary nails. Bone cement was added in 211 cases (91%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain relief, mobilisation, complications. RESULTS Pain relief was achieved in about 90%. 145 (76%) who were treated for fractures of the lower extremity were able to walk again. There were 13 local complications: 26 (11%) implanted devices failed (cumulative probability 40%, after 60 months). In 11 cases the fixation failed after 7 weeks. The failure rate was 16% in the subtrochanteric region treated with an angled blade (probability 70% after four years). The patients' survival rate was 55% after six months and 20% at two years. CONCLUSION Despite the poor life expectancy, our results indicate that hemiarthroplasty or osteosynthesis with bone cement for treatment of pathological (impending) fractures is a safe way to restore limb function and to improve quality of life.
EVOLUTION OF COADAPTATION IN A TWO‐LOCUS EPISTATIC SYSTEM

Abstract Although recent advances in genome biology have dramatically increased our understanding of the contribution of gene interactions to the development of complex phenotypes, we still lack general agreement on the process and mechanisms responsible for the evolution of epistatic systems. Even if genes in a species are indeed integrated into coadapted complexes of interacting components, simple additive evolution may eventually result in epistatic differentiation of populations. Consequently, the prevalence of epistatic gene action does not tell us anything about the role of epistatic selection in the history of population divergence. To elucidate the contribution of epistatic selection in the evolution of coadaptation, we investigate the fixation process of two mutations that interact synergistically to enhance fitness. We show by diffusion analysis and simulations that epistatic selection on cosegregating variants does not by itself promote the evolution of epistatic systems; rather, accumulation of neutral mutations may play a crucial role, creating an appropriate genetic milieu for adaptive evolution in the future generations.
On ZRP wind input term consistency in Hasselmann equation

The new ZRP wind input source term (Zakharov et al. 2012) is checked for its consistency via numerical simulation of Hasselmann equation. The results are compared to field experimental data, collected at different sites around the world, and theoretical predictions of self-similarity analysis. Good agreement is obtained for limited fetch and time domain statements
I{CONVERGENCE ON CONE METRIC SPACES

The concept of I{convergence is an important generaliza- tion of statistical convergence which depends on the notion of an ideal I of subsets of the set N of positive integers. In this paper we introduce the ideas of I{Cauchy and I {Cauchy sequences in cone metric spaces and study their properties. We also investigate the relation between this new Cauchy type condition and the property of completeness.
Mendelian Randomization.

Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants to determine whether an observational association between a risk factor and an outcome is consistent with a causal effect.1 Mendelian randomization relies on the natural, random assortment of genetic variants during meiosis yielding a random distribution of genetic variants in a population.1 Individuals are naturally assigned at birth to inherit a genetic variant that affects a risk factor (eg, a gene variant that raises low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol levels) or not inherit such a variant. Individuals who carry the variant and those who do not are then followed up for the development of an outcome of interest. Because these genetic variants are typically unassociated with confounders, differences in the outcome between those who carry the variant and those who do not can be attributed to the difference in the risk factor. For example, a genetic variant associated with higher LDL cholesterol levels that also is associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease would provide supportive evidence for a causal effect of LDL cholesterol on coronary heart disease. One way to explain the principles of mendelian randomization is through an example: the study of the relationship of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides with coronary heart disease. Increased HDL cholesterol levels are associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease, an association that remains significant even after multivariable adjustment.2 By contrast, an association between increased triglyceride levels and coronary risk is no longer significant following multivariable analyses. These observations have been interpreted as HDL cholesterol being a causal driver of coronary heart disease, whereas triglyceride level is a correlated bystander.2 To better understand these relationships, researchers have used mendelian randomization to test whether the observational associations between HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels and coronary heart disease risk are consistent with causal relationships.3-5