Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDREN 'S EARNINGS AND FATHERS ' LIFETIME EARNINGS : ESTIMATES USING ADMINISTRATIVE DATA ∗

A large and growing literature has examined the intergenerational elasticity (IGE) in earnings in the United States. Recent studies have sought to correct for attenuation bias and by doing so has found relatively large estimates of the IGE in earnings – as high as 0.6. Haider and Solon (2006) demonstrate that the association between lifetime earnings and current year earnings varies over the lifecycle, and, as a result, the ages at which earnings are measured will affect estimates of the IGE in earnings. By using a new dataset that contains nearly career-long earnings histories of fathers and of children’s earnings around an age that likely is a good proxy for lifetime earnings, we provide an estimate of the IGE in earnings that corrects for both “life-cycle” biases and attenuation bias. We estimate the association between fathers’ and sons’ lifetime earnings to be between 0.3 and 0.4 and the association between fathers’ and daughters’ lifetime earnings to be between 0.2 and 0.3. These estimates imply that the United States is substantially more mobile than recent studies have indicated.
Fiscal federalism reforms in the European Union and the Greek crisis

Based upon existing fiscal federal arrangements, this article considers the options facing the European Union to reform its own framework. There are two plausible ways the EU can stabilize the finances of its member states over the longer term. The first is to take steps that complement the market discipline of individual member states. For market discipline to play this positive role, three conditions need to be met: (1) markets need to have accurate information on member state finances; (2) the market valuation of a given state also has to be an accurate valuation of the sustainability of that state’s finances; and (3) populations need to interpret market discipline as a signal about their government’s competence and punish governments that face market pressure. Such a system is possible under the current Stability and Growth Pact, and indeed it appears that all three conditions held in summer 2009. Any bailout of a member state, however, undermines this type of system. More political integration would be needed to prevent a state from getting into a situation where a bailout would be an option. The Brazilian model is a precedent that the European Union could emulate.
Decreased Levels of CD54 (ICAM-1)-Positive Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood in Untreated Patients with Active Juvenile Dermatomyositis

ABSTRACT Significant abnormalities are observed in the peripheral blood of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients with active disease. In this study, we confirm that there is a significant increase in the relative percentage of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of a group of untreated children with newly diagnosed active JDM compared to healthy children (P < 0.0001). In order to investigate if properties intrinsic to B cells contributed to their relative increase in JDM, the percentage of B cells expressing activation markers (CD23, CD25, CD54, and CD69) was measured and compared to pediatric controls. Compared to healthy children less than 10 years of age (not significantly different from the JDM group), the JDM patients had an increase in the proportion of lymphocytes expressing CD19 (B cells;P = 0.0017) and decreases in the percentage of lymphocytes that were CD3− CD16+ and/or CD56+ (NK cells; P = 0.01) and CD3+ CD8+ (T suppressor/cytotoxic cells;P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in any of the B-cell activation markers assessed. Of note, the percentage of CD54+ non-B lymphocytes (i.e., T cells and NK cells expressing CD54) was significantly lower in the JDM patients (25% ± 5%) than in the “age-related” healthy control group (43% ± 4%;P = 0.013). These results suggest the following for untreated children with active JDM: (i) the increase in the percentage of peripheral blood B cells is not due to intrinsic B-cell activation, and (ii) CD54/ICAM-1+ non-B cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells are being removed from circulation and may be participating in the pathophysiology of the disease.
US inflation dynamics on long-range data

In this article, we evaluate inflation persistence in the United States using long-range monthly and annual data. The importance of inflation persistence is crucial to policy authorities and market participants, since the level of inflation persistence provides an indication on the susceptibility of the economy to exogenous shocks. Departing from classic econometric approaches found in the relevant literature, we evaluate inflation persistence through the nonparametric Hurst exponent within both a global and a rolling window framework. Moreover, we expand our analysis to detect the potential existence of chaos in the data generating process, in order to enhance the robustness of our conclusions. Overall, we find that inflation persistence is high from 1775 to 2013 for the annual data-set and from February 1876 to May 2014 in monthly frequency, respectively. Especially from the monthly data-set, the rolling window approach allows us to derive that inflation persistence has reached to historically high levels in the post–Bretton Woods period and remained there ever since.
Understanding the Components of Bank Failure Resolution Costs

In this paper, we demonstrate how the resolution costs associated with over 1,000 bank failures from 1986 to 2007 are distributed across the method of resolution, bank size, regulatory periods, and the existence of fraud. In addition, we document the time spent in the resolution by the resolution method and legislative period. Finally, we show how various classes of claimants against the failed banks bear the costs of the failure.
Taxing Tourism in Spain: Results and Recommendations

This paper analyses the foundations, possible applications and the effects of tourism taxation in Spain. The article begins with an analysis of the economic and environmental reasons for taxing tourism, which would seem to call for taxes based on the principle of benefit, for either revenue or corrective purposes. Subsequently, we describe the praxis of tourism taxation in Spain, with special mention being given to the now repealed Balearic ecotasa. Finally, the effects of two fiscal modifications with revenue or corrective objectives are studied through the use of an applied general equilibrium model developed for the Spanish economy. We thus see that a 10% tax on lodging brings in significant public receipts, increases social welfare and has no effect on the environment. On the other hand, an increase of VAT rates on tourism-related sectors could have the same effects on tourist expenditure but at the costs of greater impact for Spain's economy.
Application of hierarchical linear growth modeling on social capital competitiveness

Abstract Research on society and economic development by social capital has been increasing- noticeably in recent years. However, while some literature is available on s organizational sociology of, political sociology, and economic sociology; little information for detecting how the time trend and social capital affect the national competitiveness is available on macroeconomic and management. Thus, this work used the hierarchical linear growth modeling to consider the social capital competitiveness. Overall, the results indicated that the time trend, social capital, and the degree of economic development positively related to the national competitiveness. Thus, this work suggests that each country should not only improve the degree of economic development, but also accumulate and use the social capital well, in order to enhance national competitiveness effectively.
Using Panel Data to Test for Fiscal Sustainability within the European Union

Most empirical evidence suggests that the sustainability hypothesis, stating that government revenues and expenditures should cointegrate with a unit slope on expenditures, does not hold within the European Union, a finding at odds with many theoretical models. This paper argues that these results can be attributed in part to the use of in-appropriate time-series techniques, and that the use of panel data can generate more accurate tests. By using newly devised panel unit-root and cointegration techniques it is shown that the sustainability hypothesis cannot be rejected when applied to a panel composed of 15 European countries between 1970 and 2004. © 2009 Mohr Siebeck.
Schools and Marketization

The development of a social market in education in England and Wales since 1988 has required schools to develop strategies to competition for pupils. They have done so within a context in which such concepts as `the market' and `marketing' have been alien. This paper develops an analytical methodology based on Cowell's interpretation within service organizations, through the examination of four key cultural and managerial developments the range of understanding of markets and marketing held within the school; their organizational responses to the market; their use of market analytical tools; and their development of appropriate marketing strategies. By applying this methodology to a sample of schools, the paper shows the variation in the development of a market culture between them, and derives an Index for Marketing Cultural Development. From this, a simple typology of cultural responses to marketization is derived.
Institutional choice and policy transfer: reforming British and German railway regulation

The notions of “policy learning” and “policy transfer” have become increasingly influential in the public-policy literature. By utilizing a comparative analysis of regulatory change in the railways in Britain and Germany, it is argued that an institutional approach adds to the understanding of “learning” and “transfer” processes, as well as explaining which institutions mattered as Britain and Germany adopted distinctively different regulatory regimes. The institutional approach points to the constraints involved in the selection of regulatory design ideas and, by assessing three institutional factors that structure relationships between the policy domain and its environments, suggests that in the case of railway privatization in Britain and Germany in the 1990s, it was the structure of the political-administrative nexus that centrally shaped why particular policy options were selected while others were neglected.
Institutional Design and Formal Autonomy: Political versus Historical and Cultural Explanations

This article tests two competing hypotheses in the study of the institutional design of regulatory agencies. Political explanations consider the degree of institutional design of regulatory agencies as a function of political factors, such as the degree of policy conflict and political uncertainty. By contrast, historical-cultural explanations of institutional design claim that the design of regulatory agencies is a function of path dependency and national administrative traditions. In this article, we test these hypotheses on a data set of 293 regulatory agencies that were created between 1945 and 2000 in Sweden, the Netherlands, and Denmark. We find strong support for historical-cultural explanations, while our findings suggest that political factors play almost no role in the institutional design of regulatory agencies within parliamentary regimes.
Comparison of hypersensitivity rates to intravenous and intramuscular PEG‐asparaginase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

Pegylated‐asparaginase (PEG‐ASP) is a critical treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and has traditionally been delivered via intramuscular (IM) injection. In an attempt to reduce pain and anxiety, PEG‐ASP has increasingly been delivered via intravenous (IV) administration. The study objective was to perform a meta‐analysis and systematic review to compare and generate pooled hypersensitivity rates for IM and IV PEG‐ASP.
Labour market transitions of young women and men in sub-Saharan Africa

This report presents the results of the School-to-work transition surveys (SWTS) implemented in eight sub-Saharan African countries – Benin, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, the United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Uganda and Zambia – in 2012 or 2013. The indicators resulting from the surveys and analysed in this report provide a detailed picture of the youth in the labour market in a part of the world where labour market information is sparse and sporadic. Results show that unemployment of young people remains a matter of concern, but that issues relating to the quality of work available to young people are of even greater relevance to the design and implementation of policy interventions. The report also draws attention to the path and length of the school-to-work transition for young people who are currently employed and draws some conclusions about the characteristics or experiences that can help to achieve a smoother transition. The SWTSs are made available through the ILO “Work4Youth” (W4Y) Project. This Project is a five-year partnership between the ILO and The MasterCard Foundation that aims to promote decent work opportunities for young men and women through knowledge and action. The W4Y Publications Series covers national reports, with main survey findings and details on current national policy interventions in the area of youth employment, regional synthesis reports and thematic explorations of the 28 datasets from the target W4Y countries. No. 9
Flexible Employment in Later Life: Public Policy Panaceas in the Search for Mechanisms to Extend Working Lives

Flexible employment has been suggested as an important policy solution to ‘the problem’ of inactive older workers. Temporary contracts, part-time jobs, self-employment and freelance consulting have been seen as viable options for people needing to make gradual transitions into retirement and for governments wishing to encourage an extension to working lives. Using the case of the UK, the paper examines the multi-stakeholder appeal of flexible transitions into retirement. However, the term has been poorly defined and conceptualised. Drawing on her own research, the author challenges the notion of flexible extensions to working lives for the oldest members of the labour force.
Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: The value of cytology in preoperative diagnosis

Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (cPanNETs) account for 13% to 17% of PanNETs. Although the value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) imaging and cyst fluid analysis (CFA) in their preoperative diagnosis has been well described, limited information is available about the diagnostic role of cytology samples obtained from fine‐needle aspiration (FNA).
Analysis of Media Agenda-Setting Effects on Consumer Confidence in the Safety of the U.S. Food System

Results from continuous tracking of consumer confidence and media coverage of food safety events over a 67 week period between May 2008 and August 2009 are reported. An ordered probit model is used to test the hypothesis that media coverage of food safety events affects consumer confidence in the safety of the U.S. food system. The results show that media coverage significantly and negatively affected consumer confidence in the safety of nation’s food supply during the sample period. Socioeconomic and demographic factors such as geographic region, use of media source, household size, age, ethnicity, education, and gender also had significant affects on consumer confidence in the safety of United States food supply.
Traveler geographic origin and market segmentation: the multi trips destination case.

Abstract Most market segmentation studies focus on the nationalities of visitors as one of the basic elements of segmentation. For some destinations, nationality will be a sufficient segmentation tool, but for destinations with a variety of visitor groups, other descriptors have to be added. This paper will both focus on the limitations of the use of nationality for segmentation, and will compare it to the use of other segment descriptors, mainly mode of travel. The empirical basis is work conducted in the Jotunheimen mountains of Southern Norway, a region visited by foreign tourists for more than 150 years. In addition to the focus on visits in general, this paper will extend the marketing focus to the use of different types of attractions and activities in this region.
Speculative Trading in Reits

The role of speculative trading in markets is often debated. The recent extremes in the real estate economic cycle has created an ideal setting to investigate the role of speculative trading in the marketplace. Specifically, we focus on speculative trading in REITs during the recent boom and bust in real estate. While we find a strong relationship between speculative trading in REITs and the economic cycle, we do not find evidence that speculative trading is related to future returns. Increased speculative trading is apparent in REITs during the boom years, but the level of speculative trading in REITs is unrelated to the negative returns in REITs exhibited after the bust.
Social network effects on the adoption of sustainable natural resource management practices in Ethiopia

Soil loss, nutrient depletion and land degradation contribute to the skimpy performance of smallholder agriculture and pose serious policy challenges in developing countries. Surprisingly, natural resource management practices that enhance sustainability while improving productivity have not been fully adopted despite continuous efforts of promotion. Using data collected from 2901 farm households in the Farmers Innovation Fund (FIF) of the World Bank, this study examines factors delaying adoption of resource management and farming practices from the perspective of social learning and network size. Specifically, the study aims at identifying the extent to which differences in network structure matter in providing opportunities to learn about new ways of sustainable resource management practices using regression analysis. The result confirms that social network size plays a significant role in enhancing adoption of natural resource management practices. Moreover, external sources of information such as extension provision play a crucial role in enhancing adoption of resource management practices. Thus, future endeavours should link extension services to informal networks to enhance adoption of sustainable natural resource management practices.
Why does pre-clinical success in cardioprotection fail at the bedside?

This editorial refers to ‘Translational failure of anti-inflammatory compounds for myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of large animal models’ by G.P.J. van Hout et al. , pp. 240–248. Translating findings from experimental studies into effective treatments for patients is never an easy task. Hurdles are particularly high when one tries to reproduce at the bedside the positive effects of cardioprotective interventions obtained in animal models of ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Despite the wealth of successful cardioprotective interventions in animals, none of the subsequent clinical trials has yet fulfilled this goal or changed clinical practice. Some small ‘proof-of-concept’ clinical studies have shown encouraging results, only to be negated later by larger trials.1 Controversy and frustration are evident in the reviews2,3 and position papers4–6 that have been written on this topic; however, these documents have done little to allay doubts. One possible explanation for the difficulty in translating pre-clinical findings into clinically useful therapies may have to do with the design of experimental studies. Van Hout et al . 7 address this matter by undertaking a meta-analysis of the experimental studies, i.e. by carrying out a systematic review of the available evidence as it is typically done in the clinical settings. By using this approach, they point out some potential weaknesses …
DICKE’S SUPERRADIANCE IN ASTROPHYSICS. II. THE OH 1612 MHz LINE

We apply the concept of superradiance that was introduced by Dicke in 1954 to the OH molecule 1612 MHz spectral line, which is often used for the detection of masers in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars. Because the detection of 1612 MHz OH masers in the outer shells of envelopes of these stars implies the existence of a population inversion and a high level of velocity coherence, and that these are two necessary requirements for superradiance, we investigate whether superradiance can also happen in these regions. Superradiance is characterized by high-intensity, spatially compact, burst-like features taking place over timescales on the order of seconds to years, depending on the size and physical conditions present in the regions harboring such sources of radiation. Our analysis suggests that superradiance provides a valid explanation for previous observations of intensity flares detected in that spectral line for the U Orionis Mira star and the IRAS 18276-1431 preplanetary nebula.
The Use Of Cross-Sectional Estimates Of Profit Functions For Tests Of Relative Efficiency: A Critical Review

As a result of the development of duality theory, cost functions and profit functions have been used in a number of recent studies of production. In a number of applications, i t is substantially easier to obtain good estimates of these functions than of the traditional production function and duality theory shows that any ‘well-behaved’ cost or profit function corresponds to a neoclassical production function. One major difficulty with this approach may arise when cross-sectional data are used. The main arguments of cost and profit functions are price variables and these are not likely to vary greatly between firms at a single point in time. This point has been raised before (see, for example, Christensen and Greene 1976; Varian 1978, p. 124). However, many aulhors have either ignored i t or have adopted procedures which create spurious variations in measured prices. The most serious of these spurious variations result from the incorporation of quality differences in ‘price’ variables. The problems associated with cross-sectional estimation of cost and profit functions are illustrated using the methodology developed by Lau and Yotopoulos (1971, 1972) and Yotopoulos and Lau (1973) for testing relative efficiency. This is an inherently cross-sectional approach and in most applications wages are the main price variable used. In this note, the effects of using quality variables in place of prices are explored and the results derived by Lau and Yotopoulos and other writers using their methodology are examined critically.
Internal-External Attitudes, Personal Initiative, and the Labor Market Experience of Black and White Men

Internal-external attitudes tap the perceived payoffs to initiative and have therefore received considerable attention in the psychological literature as a generator of initiative. The National Longitudinal Surveys data for young and middle-aged men used in this study provide considerable support for the hypothesis that internal-external attitudes are strongly related to a number of aspects of labor market experience. Confidence in these findings is strengthened by the fact that the observed relationships were independent of individual differences in a wide range of skills, abilities, and demographic characteristics, and were supported by longitudinal data as well. Not only does initiative appear to have considerable payoffs for both young and middle-aged men, it also appears to pay off for blacks as well as whites, especially among the young.