Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors for adverse events during anesthesiologist-led sedation or anesthesia for diagnostic imaging in children: a prospective, observational cohort study

Abstract Background Pediatric sedation for diagnostic radiological procedures remains the mainstay for adequate imaging quality. Objectives To clarify the risk of adverse events during anesthesiologist-led sedation or anesthesia for diagnostic radiological procedures in children in order to improve quality of care. Methods We enrolled children aged <15 years given sedation or anesthesia by an anesthesiologist and scheduled for computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or nuclear medicine imaging November 2010-September 2014. We recorded adverse events occurring in the first 24 h. Results Of 1,042 patients enrolled, adverse events were recorded in 254 (24.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 21.9 to 27.1). Adverse respiratory events occurred in 31 (3.0%), cardiovascular events in 7 (0.7%), sedation was prolonged in 165 (15.8%), there was one case of contrast allergy (0.01%), and there were 50 other minor complications (4.9%). Of the respiratory complications, there were 14 of airway obstruction (1.3%), 2 of apnea (0.2%), 14 of oxygen desaturation (1.3%), and one of laryngospasm (0.01%). There were no life threatening complications or consequences. Age <1 year (adjusted odds ratio [adjusted OR] 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.3) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification 2 and 3 (adjusted OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 19.8, and adjusted OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 30.9, respectively) were risk factors for respiratory complications. Conclusions Adverse events were common during sedation or anesthesia, but no life threatening or sentinel events occurred under experienced supervision. Caution should be exercised in children <1 year or with an ASA classification >1.
Postprints from CPL Title A Comparison of Three Fire Models in the Simulation of Accidental Fires Permalink

The assumptions and the results of applying three fire modeling approaches to study three accidental fires that occurred in single-family dwellings, are presented in this work. The modeling approaches used are: a simplified analytical model of fire growth, a zone model (CFAST) and a field model (FDS). The fires predicted are: a house fire of suspected initial location but of unknown ignition source, a small-apartment fire initiated by the ignition of a sofa which extinguished due to oxygen depletion, and a one-story house fire started by a malfunctioning gas heater. The input to each model has been kept as independent as possible from the other models while consistent with the forensic evidences. The predictions from the models of the fires’ characteristics are analyzed in the context of the forensic evidences for each accidental fire to compare the models’ predictive capabilities. It is found that in spite of the differences in the sophistication of these three modeling approaches, the results were in relatively good agreement, particularly in the early stages of the fire. Simpler models can be used as a first step towards less approximate modelling or to confirm the order of magnitude of the results from more complex models. The results of this work can be used to reach conclusions about the complexity of the model required to describe a particular fire scenario.
Running head : SPEED-ACCURACY TRADEOFFS IN HUMAN SPEECH PRODUCTION 1 Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs in Human Speech Production

Motor actions in speech production are both rapid and highly dexterous, even though speed and accuracy are often thought to conflict. Fitts’ law has served as a rigorous formulation of the fundamental speed-accuracy tradeoff in other domains of human motor action, but has not been directly examined in the domain of speech production. The present work seeks evidence for Fitts’ law in speech articulation kinematics by analyzing USC-TIMIT, a large database of real-time magnetic resonance imaging data of speech production. A theoretical framework for considering Fitts’ law in the domain of speech production is elucidated. Methodological challenges in applying Fitts-style analysis are addressed, including the definition and operational measurement of key variables in real-time MRI data. Results suggest the presence of clear tradeoffs between speed and accuracy for certain types of speech production actions, with wide variability across syllable position, and substantial variability also across subjects. Coda consonant targets immediately following the syllabic nucleus show the strongest evidence of this tradeoff, with correlations as high as 0.72 between speed and accuracy. Results are discussed with respect to potential limitations of Fitts’ law in the context of speech production, as well as the theoretical context. Future improvements in application of Fitts’ law are discussed. SPEED-ACCURACY TRADEOFFS IN HUMAN SPEECH PRODUCTION 3 Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs in Human Speech Production
Representation formulas for the field perturbations caused by low volume fraction inhomogeneities . Applications to electromagnetic imaging

In this talk I shall discuss some recent work concerning representation formulas for perturbations in the electromagnetic fields caused by low volume fraction inhomogeneities, and the practical use of these formulas for the purpose of identifying and “reconstructing” the inhomogeneities from relatively few boundary field measurements. In the simplest case we consider a conducting object that occupies a bounded, smooth domain Ω ⊂ IR. γ0(·) denotes the smooth background conductivity, that is, the conductivity in the absence of any inhomogeneities. We suppose that
Vector lattices of weakly compact operators on Banach lattices

A result of Aliprantis and Burkinshaw shows that weakly compact operators from an AL-space into a KB-space have a weakly compact modulus. Groenewegen characterised the largest class of range spaces for which this remains true whenever the domain is an AL-space and Schmidt proved a dual result. Both of these authors used vector-valued integration in their proofs. We give elementary proofs of both results and also characterise the largest class of domains for which the conclusion remains true whenever the range space is a KB-space. We conclude by studying the order structure of spaces of weakly compact operators between Banach lattices to prove results analogous to earlier results of one of the authors for spaces of compact operators.
Socioeconomic and Ethnobotanical Importance of the Breadfruit Tree (Artocarpus Communis J. G & G. Forster) in Benin

This study aims to evaluate ethnobotanical knowledge that populations hold and income from the exploitation of the breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) in southern Benin. The data collected by interview and focus group are related to the uses of Artocarpus communis, harvest methods and the habitat of specie. The results show that A. communis is used for: food, trade, artisanal, energetic, cultural and medicinal. Local populations know the species with unequal distribution among gender (Men ID = 0.75 and IE = 0.08) and Women (ID = 0.48 and IE = 0.06); and when it comes to age (Young ID = 0.56 and IE = 0.07; Adult ID = 0.606 and IE = 0.08; Old ID = 0.75 and IE = 0.1) suggesting that people make various uses of the species. The most used plant part was the fruit (VUT=11, 87). These organs (Fruits, Flowers, Leaf), are collected either by picking or collecting, (bark) by debarking and (root) by digging. 50.51% of people surveyed collected those organs on breadfruit trees present at homes, 14.65% on those present in fields, 11.62% in the dregs and 23.23% in fallow lands. The average fruit yield of an orchard is estimated at 17 tonnes/ha, which represents an average income of about 2817 USD/individual/year.
Changes in Brain Blood Flow on Frontal Cortex Depending on Facial Vibrotactile Stimuli

We provide patients who have problems with reduced salivation (hyposalivation) with artificial saliva treatment, humectants, and salivary gland massage (Ueda et al. 2005). However, treatment with artificial saliva and humectants is symptomatic, and although salivary gland massage can reinvigorate weak glands, to do so is difficult for people with disabilities and has varying effects, depending on operator skill. Thus, we have focused on increasing salivation through the use of vibrotactile stimulation, as reported by Hiraba et al. (2008). Before using this apparatus on patients, it was necessary to first estimate the effect on normal subjects. The biggest challenge with continuous use of stimulation is an adaptive effect. In particular, we were interested in determining whether the effect was continuous without attenuation, when patients continue using the apparatus every day (Despopoulos and Silbernagel, 2003). We investigated adaptation to the continuous use of vibrotactile stimuli for 4 or 5 days in the same subjects to determine whether this resulted in a decrease in salivation (Despopoulos and Silbernagel, 2003; Principles of Neural Science. 2000a). Before this experiment was performed, it was necessary to compare resting and stimulating salivary secretion and to investigate the most effective frequency for increasing salivary secretion. We examined the amount of salivation during vibrotactile stimuli with a single motor (1.9 μm amplitude) on the bilateral masseter muscle belly (on the parotid glands), using a dental cotton roll positioned at the opening of the secretory duct for 3 min. Furthermore, we examined the amount of salivation during vibrotactile stimuli with single and double motors (1.9 μm and 3.5 μm amplitudes) on the bilateral submandibular angles (on the submandibular glands). Then, we compared resting and stimulating salivation and investigated the most effective frequency for increasing salivary secretion. The effect of increased salivation in normal subjects was determined as the difference between resting and stimulating salivation. We defined a 5-min interval as the recovery time between resting and stimulating salivation from a preliminary study. First, we examined the most effective frequency for salivation of
Deep neural networks can be improved using human-derived contextual expectations

Real-world objects occur in specific contexts. Such context has been shown to facilitate detection by constraining the locations to search. But can context directly benefit object detection? To do so, context needs to be learned independently from target features. This is impossible in traditional object detection where classifiers are trained on images containing both target features and surrounding context. In contrast, humans can learn context and target features separately, such as when we see highways without cars. Here we show for the first time that human-derived scene expectations can be used to improve object detection performance in machines. To measure contextual expectations, we asked human subjects to indicate the scale, location and likelihood at which cars or people might occur in scenes without these objects. Humans showed highly systematic expectations that we could accurately predict using scene features. This allowed us to predict human expectations on novel scenes without requiring manual annotation. On augmenting deep neural networks with predicted human expectations, we obtained substantial gains in accuracy for detecting cars and people (1-3%) as well as on detecting associated objects (3-20%). In contrast, augmenting deep networks with other conventional features yielded far smaller gains. This improvement was due to relatively poor matches at highly likely locations being correctly labelled as target and conversely strong matches at unlikely locations being correctly rejected as false alarms. Taken together, our results show that augmenting deep neural networks with human-derived context features improves their performance, suggesting that humans learn scene context separately unlike deep networks.
The development of purchasing maturity and its impact on internal service quality and supplier satisfaction

In recent years, the purchasing function is increasingly recognized as a proactive, strategic and value-adding business function, rather than a more reactive and transaction oriented buying function. The main objective of the present exploratory study is to examine the impact of purchasing maturity on what we call ‘purchasing’s value creation’ toward its direct partners in the supply chain. More specifically, the article addresses two issues: first, the impact of the purchasing maturity process on purchasing’s internal service quality as perceived by internal customers is looked into. Secondly, the quality of the buyerseller relationships as perceived by suppliers in terms of supplier satisfaction is analyzed. To this end, a case study research consisting of several in-depth interviews and workshops within multiple companies is conducted. The present work-in-progress paper describes the theoretical foundation, the set-up of the study and the preliminary research results.
THE BLAZAR EMISSION ENVIRONMENT: INSIGHT FROM SOFT X-RAY ABSORPTION

Collecting experimental insight into the relativistic particle populations and emission mechanisms at work within TeV-emitting blazar jets, which are spatially unresolvable in most bands and have strong beaming factors, is a daunting task. New observational information has the potential to lead to major strides in understanding the acceleration site parameters. Detection of molecular carbon monoxide (CO) in TeV emitting blazars, however, implies the existence of intrinsic gas, a connection often found in photo-dissociated region models and numerical simulations. The existence of intrinsic gas within a blazar could provide a target photon field for Compton up-scattering of photons to TeV energies by relativistic particles. We investigate the possible existence of intrinsic gas within the three TeV emitting blazars RGB J0710+591, W Comae, and 1ES 1959+650 which have measurements or upper limits on molecular CO line luminosity using an independent technique that is based on the spectral analysis of soft X-rays. Evidence for X-ray absorption by additional gas beyond that measured within the Milky Way is searched for in Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) data between 0.3 and 10 keV. Without complementary information from another measurement, additional absorption could be misinterpreted as an intrinsically curved X-ray spectrum since both models can frequently fit the soft X-ray data. After breaking this degeneracy, we do not find evidence for intrinsically curved spectra for any of the three blazars. Moreover, no evidence for intrinsic gas is evident for RGB J0710+591 and W Comae, while the 1ES 1959+650 XRT data support the existence of intrinsic gas with a column density of ∼1 × 1021 cm−2.
Sublithographic vertical gold nanogap for label-free electrical detection of protein-ligand binding

Label-free electrical detection of protein-ligand binding using a vertical gold nanogap is presented. A sublithographic nanogap was created using a sacrificial ultrathin film deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a process similar to the formation of a cantilever in microelectromechanical system processing. Due to the atomic precision of the sacrificial Al2O3 thickness by ALD, a 7nm nanogap was successfully fabricated. After binding streptavidin to biotin on the gold surface, an electrical current was measured for various voltages. A dramatic current increase was observed in the case of biotin-streptavidin binding in comparison with the other two cases: a control group filled with air and a biotin-only binding group. There was a minimal current change in the cases of the biotin-PBST group, the biotin-BSA group, and the biotin-saturated streptavidin group, as compared with the biotin-streptavidin group. At a 0. 1μg∕ml concentration of streptavidin (1.5nM), the current difference before and after the.
Certain aspects of silver and silver nanoparticles in wound care: a minireview

Resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major health problem. In this context silver and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects and was used throughout history for treatment of skin ulcer, bone fracture, and supporting wound healing. In all of these applications prevention and treatment of bacterial colonized/infected wounds are critical. In this context silver and its derivatives play an important role in health care. Silver is widely used in clinical practice in the form of silver nitrate and/or silver sulfadiazine. In the last few years silver nanoparticles entered into clinical practice as both antimicrobial and antifungal agents. In addition, nanosilver is used in coating medical devices (catheters) and as component of wound dressings. In this paper we present summarized information about silver and nanoparticles made of silver in the context of their useful properties, especially antibacterial ones, being of a great interest for researchers and clinicians.
Leisure Studies and Spirituality: A Christian Critique

Conceptual discussions of leisure have often had spiritual overtones or linked leisure with spirituality. The links between the two concepts are becoming widely recognized and discussed in a wide range of leisure studies areas: therapeutic recreation, camping, recreational land management, outdoor recreation, tourism, and community recreation. Increasingly empirical research is being conducted on this relationship. Christians respond in a variety of ways to the increased social scientific interest in the relationship between leisure and spirituality: for some Christian spirituality is the only true spirituality; some compartmentalize or dichotomize spirituality; some believe nonChristians experience spirituality; some believe that spirituality reaches its fullest potential in relationship with God; and some see spirituality as a complex process. Positively, the renewed interest in spirituality may be seen as recognition of spiritual need and an opportunity for introducing Christian spirituality and the Christian spiritual tradition of leisure. However there are also areas of concern. First, there is a need to expand the “interiority” of contemporary discussions of leisure and spirituality and to emphasize transcendence. Second, contemporary discussions of leisure and spirituality often focus on the inner self with little discussion of relationships with others or of community. Third, there is a need to go beyond spiritual experience to spiritual well-being. Fourth, as the majority of theoretical reflection and empirical investigation on leisure and spirituality has focused on nature-based recreation and spirituality, more emphasis needs to be placed on all forms of leisure in all settings. Fifth, as the vast majority of studies on leisure and spirituality have been small scale qualitative studies, the adoption of various methods of studying and understanding the relationship between leisure and spirituality needs to be encouraged. Sixth, there is a need within the leisure studies field to make connections with the 20 centuries of Christian spirituality.
An historical overview and update of wolf–moose interactions in northeastern Minnesota

Wolf (Canis lupus) and moose (Alces americanus) populations in northeastern Minnesota, USA, have fluctuated for decades and, based on helicopter counts, moose numbers declined to a new low from 2006 to about 2012. Other steep declines were found in 1991 and 1998 during periods when moose counts were done with fixed-wing aircraft; these declines also appeared to be real. Winter wolf numbers, monitored in part of the moose range, had been increasing since about 2002 to the highest population in decades in 2009. However, from 2009 to 2016, wolves decreased precipitously, and the moosepopulation decline leveled off from 2012 to 2017. Calf:population ratios from 1985 to 1997 and from 2005 to 2016 were inversely related to wolf numbers in the wolf-study area the previous winter both as wolves increased and decreased in abundance. Similarly, log annual growth rates of moose numbers were negatively correlated with counts of wolves in the prior year. Other factors such as nutrition and parasites, and possibly climate change, likely have been involved in the recent moose decline. However, wolves, as in other areas, appear to have contributed to the decline in the northeastern Minnesota moose population at least in part through predation on calves, supporting earlier reports. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The Composition Of A Disrupted Extrasolar Planetesimal At SDSS J0845+2257 (Ton 345)

We present a detailed study of the metal-polluted DB white dwarf SDSS J0845+2257 (Ton 345). Using high-resolution HST/COS and VLT spectroscopy, we have detected hydrogen and eleven metals in the atmosphere of the white dwarf. The origin of these metals is almost certainly the circumstellar disc of dusty and gaseous debris from a tidally-disrupted planetesimal, accreting at a rate of 1.6E10 gs^-1. Studying the chemical abundances of the accreted material demonstrates that the planetesimal had a composition similar to the Earth, dominated by rocky silicates and metallic iron, with a low water content. The mass of metals within the convection zone of the white dwarf corresponds to an asteroid of at least ~130-170 km in diameter, although the presence of ongoing accretion from the debris disc implies that the planetesimal was probably larger than this. While a previous abundance study of the accreted material has shown an anomalously high mass fraction of carbon (15 percent) compared to the bulk Earth, our independent analysis results in a carbon abundance of just 2.5 percent. Enhanced abundances of core material (Fe, Ni) suggest that the accreted object may have lost a portion of its mantle, possibly due to stellar wind stripping in the asymptotic giant branch. Time-series spectroscopy reveals variable emission from the orbiting gaseous disc, demonstrating that the evolved planetary system at SDSS J0845+2257 is dynamically active.
Effective solution of the problem of the optimal stability polynomial

An effective method for finding the polynomial approximating the expo- nential function with order 3 at the origin and deviating from 0 by at most 1 on the longest interval of the real axis is put forward. This problem is reduced to the solution of four equations on a 4-dimensional moduli space of algebraic curves. A numerical realization of this method using summation of linear Poincares eries is described. Bibliography: 19 titles.
Height-Diameter Models for Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze in Natural Forests

The height-diameter relationship of Araucaria angustifolia trees in different sociological positions (dominant, codominant, dominated) was evaluated in a native forest in the south of Brazil, aiming to find accuracy in its estimation and its use as a component of forest description, growth and yield. The total number of trees of the three sociological positions was 657. Part of these trees of each sociological position was used to estimate the parameters of models, and the remaining for model evaluation. Thus, the objective of this work was to find the best height estimate using nonlinear models, linear with dummy variable, principal component with nonlinear regression, and principal component with mixed nonlinear regression. The criteria for accuracy of fit were adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error and mean error. The results showed that the fit using principal component with mixed nonlinear regression obtained consistent results and better accuracy. It showed that height growth capacity depends on the sociological position.