Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mass balance criteria in soil salinity management: different irrigation water qualities and leaching ratio

The accumulation of excess soluble salts in the root zone of arid and semiarid irrigated soils is a widespread problem that seriously affects crop productivity. The cultivated soil profile under irrigation is the main media in which the salinization occurs. In this study, the effects of different irrigation water salinity and leaching ratio on soil profile salt mass balance changes were investigated in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivated PVC lysimeters (115 cm in height and 40 cm diameter). Three irrigation water salinity (S1, S2, and S3, 0.25, 1.5 and 3.0 dS m -1, respectively) and four leaching ratios, LF, (10%, 20%, 35% and 50% more water than ET) levels were used in a fully randomized factorial design experiment with three replications. The total salt mass balance was calculated from the subtraction of total salt mass concentration supplied with irrigation water and total salt mass concentration washed out with the drainage water. When the salinity content of irrigation water increased leaching of SO4 2and Claccumulation in the soil increased. Increase in the leaching ratio (LF) caused increase in the leaching of Clthrough the soil profile. The major cations, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+, in the soil were also evaluated for their total mass concentrations regarding salinity content of irrigation water and LF. Ca2+ concentration in the soil profile increased with salinity level and the leaching ratio, whereas Mg2+ and Na+ mass concentrations decreased considerably. This is due to the high Ca2+ adsorption in the soil than that of Na+. The effect of LF on the ion mass accumulation or leaching varied depending on the ion type.
Effects of phonological awareness and naming speed on mathematics skills in children with mild intellectual disabilities

Abstract Objective: Both phonological awareness (PA) and naming speed have been identified as two skills related to the development of mathematics skills for children with and without learning disabilities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between PA and colour naming speed for 265 elementary school students with mild intellectual disabilities (MID). Methods: Participants were assessed using the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processes and the KeyMath Revised Diagnostic Inventory of Essential Mathematics. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses accounting for the effects of age indicated that children with MID rely on both PA and naming speed when solving mathematics problems, although PA was the more robust indicator of the two. Conclusion: As a whole, these results suggest that children with intellectual disabilities evidence the same types of reading and math relationships as shown for other populations of children.
Middle Woodland Ceramic Exchange in the Lower Illinois Valley

Abstract This paper examines the exchange of Middle Woodland ceramics within the Havana region of the Hopewell Interaction Sphere. Ceramics from six lower Illinois Valley sites and samples of surrounding clays are examined using neutron activation analysis. Statistical evaluation of the elemental data reveals the presence of foreign ceramics in all six site samples. The local ceramics encompass a variety of both fine and coarse wares, including several sherds initially anticipated as exotic based on style. In contrast, the foreign sherds consist almost exclusively of coarse tempered, utilitarian types. Contrary to conventional wisdom, these data suggest that fine tempered, special purpose vessels were manufactured near their place of discovery, while utilitarian pottery may have circulated among Middle Woodland communities. In documenting the presence of foreign sherds in all of the study samples, this study confirms the regular transport of ceramic vessels into and within the lower Illinois Valley region.
Task Complexity, Focus on L2 Constructions, and Individual Differences: A Classroom-Based Study.

Motivated by cognitive-interactionist frameworks for task-based learning, this study explores whether task complexity affects the extent to which learners focus on form–meaning connections during task-based work in a classroom setting, and whether this relationship is modulated by 3 individual difference factors—linguistic self-confidence, anxiety, and self-perceived communicative competence. Forty-three English as a second language learners from 6 intact classes worked in self-selected groups during their normal English classes. Each group performed 2 versions of the same argumentative task—a simple version and a complex version. The topics of the discussions were comparable, and the sequence of the tasks was counterbalanced. Twenty-three hours of audio- and videotaped data were collected and coded in terms of global and specific measures of speech production and various interactional features hypothesized to facilitate attention to second language constructions. Self-report questionnaires were employed to determine the mediating effects of the individual difference variables. Quantitative analyses revealed a few significant trends. One such trend is that participants demonstrated lower syntactic complexity but greater accuracy and lexical diversity when task complexity was increased. In addition, the more complex task proved more effective in inducing the use of specific, developmentally advanced constructions and in promoting interaction-driven language learning opportunities. However, no significant effects were observed for individual differences.
L'introuvable sécurité de l'emploi

Cet ouvrage presente une discussion du concept de "flexicurite" appliquee a la variete des experiences nationales europeennes. Il montre que, loin de se resumer a un dilemme entre un suppose "modele nordique" et un suppose "modele anglo-saxon", les experiences europeennes rassemblent des reussites plus variees, notamment dans le cas des pays "continentaux".
Arc-fault detector algorithm evaluation method utilizing prerecorded arcing signatures

The 2011 National Electrical Code® Article 690.11 requires photovoltaic systems on or penetrating a building to include a DC arc-fault protection device. In order to satisfy this requirement, new Arc-Fault Detectors (AFDs) are being developed by multiple manufacturers including Sensata Technologies. Arc-fault detection algorithms often utilize the AC noise on the PV string to determine when arcing conditions exist in the DC system. In order to accelerate the development and testing of Sensata Technologies' arc-fault detection algorithm, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) provided a number of data sets. These prerecorded 10 MHz baseline and arc-fault data sets included different inverter and arc-fault noise signatures. Sensata Technologies created a data evaluation method focused on regeneration of the prerecorded arcing and baseline test data with an arbitrary function generator, thereby reducing AFD development time.
Volunteering and mortality among older adults: findings from a national sample.

OBJECTIVES Although a number of authors have proposed that older volunteers should benefit in terms of better health and well-being, few researchers have examined the issue empirically to see whether this is true. The purpose of this article is to build on this literature by empirically examining the association between volunteering and mortality among older adults. METHODS Using data from a nationally representative sample, we use Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the effects of volunteering on the rate of mortality among persons aged 65 and older. RESULTS We find that volunteering has a protective effect on mortality among those who volunteered for one organization or for forty hours or less over the past year. We further find that the protective effects of volunteering are strongest for respondents who report low levels of informal social interaction and who do not live alone. DISCUSSION We discuss the possibility that the curvilinear relationship we observe between volunteering and mortality is due to a combination of factors, including self-identity, role strain, and meaningfulness. Other research using more precise data is needed to determine whether these ideas are supportable.
Glandular neoplasia and borderline endocervical reporting rates before and after conversion to the SurePathTM liquid‐based cytology (LBC) system

Reporting rates for glandular neoplasia in 464,754 cervical samples reported at six laboratories in 12‐month periods before and after the implementation of Surepath™ LBC processing are compared. The introduction of LBC processing is seen to have resulted in a significant (P = 0.001) increase in the detection rate for endocervical glandular neoplasia (from 2.2 per 10,000 tests to 3.9 per 10,000) while maintaining high levels of reporting specificity. An observed fall in the number of samples reported as showing borderline glandular neoplasia falls short of statistical significance, and the reporting of possible endometrial and ‘other’ glandular abnormalities appears to be unaffected. The underlying reasons for the observed improvement in detection of endocervical glandular neoplasia are discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
WHOLE FARM NUTRIENT FLOW AND MANURE MANAGEMENT

Most of the imported nutrients pass to the manure and then to the soil. If manure nutrient applications exceed the capacity of the crop to take up the nutrients, a surplus will remain in the soil at the end of the growing season. Excess available N will be in the form of nitrate, which is subject to winter leaching loss. Potassium is not a leaching problem, but K accumulation can lead to excess K levels in forage crops produced on the farm. Phosphorus also accumulates in the soil, and can be lost by runoff to surface water. Even the best on-farm management cannot prevent excess nutrient accumulation if nutrient flows are greatly out of balance. Nutrient flows must be better understood to help determine the best approaches to sustaining long-term dairy productivity and water quality. By measuring wholefarm nutrient flows – imports, exports, and major on-farm transformations, we can gain a better grasp of the situation that we face, and of potential solutions. METHODS Farm Descriptions. We measured nutrient flows on three dairy farms in western Washington. Two of the farms are typical of larger, feed-intensive dairies, while the third is a small pasturebased farm. We compared data from these farms with data published for a dairy in New York (Klausner et al., 1998). The New York farm has similar management to the larger Washington farms, except that it produces a larger proportion of its feed on farm. All of the farms manage their land for feed production and use manure as a major source of crop nutrients. Farm data are compared in Table 1.
Mitomycin C-induced expression of trpA of Salmonella typhimurium inserted into the plasmid ColE1

EcoRI endonuclease digestion of the deoxyribonucleic acid of a phi80 transducing phage carrying the entire tryptophan (trp) operon of Salmonella typhimurium (phi80 S.t.trpE-A) yielded a 4.3 X 10(6)-dalton fragment containing intact trpE, trpD, and trpC and a 3.35 X 10(6)-dalton fragment containing intact trpA. The trpA fragment inserted into EcoRI-cleaved plasmids ColE1 and CR1 was expressed regardless of its orientation of insertion. Mitomycin C, a compound that induces colicin E1 production in ColE1-containing bacteria, stimulated tryptophan synthetase alpha production in cells containing ColE1-TRPA plasmids with the trpA fragment inserted in one orientation but not the other. We conclude that in the inducible plasmids trpA can be expressed from the colicin E1 promoter.
Mobile Terminals toward LTE and Requirements on Device Technologies

This paper overviews the universal mobile telecommunications system long term evolution (LTE) and discusses the requirements for device technologies pertaining to mobile terminals. The LTE represents the next generation cellular phone technology that is intended to achieve a high peak data rate, low latency, and high radio efficiency in addition to low cost and sufficiently high mobility characteristics. Vigorous discussion regarding the specifications for LTE is currently ongoing in the 3rd generation partnership project. This paper also introduces various device technologies that support current mobile terminals.
Prevalence of dental disorders in pet dogs

Oral disorders of the dog represent for veterinarians a medical challenge and an important field of interest from the economical point of view. Although many epidemiological studies on dental diseases in beagles bred under controlled conditions have been realized, information on frequency of these alterations in populations of pet dogs, especially in Central Europe, is far from complete. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of the most common oral diseases in dogs in a Czech urban region. A total number of 408 dogs, presented at a private Czech urban veterinary hospital for different reasons, were analyzed. Site specificity and severity of dental diseases were assessed using modified indexing systems. Dental alterations could be found in 348 out of 408 dogs (85.3%). The most frequent diseases were (i) pe riodontitis (60.0% of 408 dogs), (ii) calculus (61.3%), (iii) missing teeth (33.8%), and (iv) abnormal attrition (5.9%). Furthermore, single cases of caries, tumors and enamel hypoplasia could be observed. Periodontitis occurred preferentially in the upper jaw of small dogs and increased with age. The labial/buccal side of teeth was affected more severely than the lingual/palatinal side. Differences between left and right side could not be observed. Malocclusion and insufficient oral hygiene care seem to predis- pose to periodontitis. As periodontitis, dental calculus occurred preferentially in small dogs and increased with age. The prevalence of calculus formation did not differ between left and right side. However, the upper jaw showed a higher degree of affection than the mandible. On the labial/buccal side of the teeth, a thicker calculus layer could be observed than lingually/palatinally. Interestingly, the degree of calculus formation and of periodontitis did not correlate in all cases, supporting the hypothesis that supragingival calculus per se is not an irritant. The pattern of tooth loss was the same between left and right side and between upper and lower jaw. Most commonly, the first premolars were missing followed by incisors and other premol ars and molars. Tooth loss for other reasons than periodontitis and single cases of tooth agenesis has not been detected in our study. (Abnormal) tooth wear was detected only in older dogs and affected mostly canines and premolars of large breeds. Age estimation based on dental attrition should be carried out with care, because tooth wear depends on keeping conditions and feeding of the dog. Our study confirmed the high prevalence of oral diseases in dogs. Veterinarians could improve the effectiveness of treatment concentrating their diagnostic efforts on age groups and types of teeth at highest risk, as assessed in this and other reports.
Zinc deficiency impairs T cell function in mice with primary infection of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda)

This study was designed to determine whether severe zinc deficiency would prolong the course of a primary Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in mice, and whether this could be related to impaired T cell function. Female BALB/c mice were fed a zinc‐sufficient (Zn+; 60 mg/kg), a zinc‐deficient (Zn‐; 0.75 mg/kg) or an energy restricted (PF; 60 mg zinc/kg) diet. After four weeks, some mice in each dietary group were given a primary infection with 100 larvae; nutritional, parasitological and immunological parameters were assayed over the following five weeks. Liver zinc concentrations were significantly reduced in Zn‐ mice compared with Zn+ mice. In certain cases, PF mice also had reduced liver zinc concentrations, showing the negative effects of restricted food intake on zinc status. Zinc deficiency prolonged the course of a primary infection, with the effects being most evident five weeks post‐infection when Zn+ mice had only 40% as many worms as Zn‐ mice. Parasite infection induced strong immunological responses in Zn+ mice in contrast to Zn‐ mice. The reduced production of IL‐4 and IFN‐γ, the reduced peripheral eosinophilia and reduced serum levels of IgE and IgG1 in Zn‐ mice were attributed to the zinc deficiency, whereas the reduced delayed type hypersensitivity response to parasite antigen and reduced production of IL‐5 were in certain instances attributed to reduced energy intake rather than zinc deficiency. These results show that zinc deficiency significantly impairs functions normally attributed to both Th1 and Th2 cell populations, and that these alterations are associated with elevated worm numbers in zinc‐deficient mice.
Multivariate Transient Price Impact and Matrix-Valued Positive Definite Functions

We consider a model for linear transient price impact for multiple assets that takes cross-asset impact into account. Our main goal is to single out properties that need to be imposed on the decay kernel so that the model admits well-behaved optimal trade execution strategies. We first show that the existence of such strategies is guaranteed by assuming that the decay kernel corresponds to a matrix-valued positive definite function. An example illustrates, however, that positive definiteness alone does not guarantee that optimal strategies are well-behaved. Building on previous results from the one-dimensional case, we investigate a class of nonincreasing, nonnegative and convex decay kernels with values in the symmetric $K\times K$ matrices. We show that these decay kernels are always positive definite and characterize when they are even strictly positive definite, a result that may be of independent interest. Optimal strategies for kernels from this class are well-behaved when one requires that the decay kernel is also commuting. We show how such decay kernels can be constructed by means of matrix functions and provide a number of examples. In particular we completely solve the case of matrix exponential decay.
Conjugation is necessary for a bacterial plasmid to survive under protozoan predation

Horizontal gene transfer by conjugative plasmids plays a critical role in the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Interactions between bacteria and other organisms can affect the persistence and spread of conjugative plasmids. Here we show that protozoan predation increased the persistence and spread of the antibiotic resistance plasmid RP4 in populations of the opportunist bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens. A conjugation-defective mutant plasmid was unable to survive under predation, suggesting that conjugative transfer is required for plasmid persistence under the realistic condition of predation. These results indicate that multi-trophic interactions can affect the maintenance of conjugative plasmids with implications for bacterial evolution and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
Genetic analysis of nitrogen fixation in a tropical fast‐growing Rhizobium

The Rhizobium strain ORS571, which is associated with the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata, has the property of growing in the free‐living state at the expense of ammonia or N2 as sole nitrogen source. Five mutants, isolated as unable to form colonies on plates under conditions of nitrogen fixation, were studied. All of them, which appear as Fix‐ in planta, are nif mutants. With mutant 5740, nitrogenase activity of the crude extract was restored by addition of pure Mo‐Fe protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae. A 13‐kb BamHI DNA fragment from the wild‐type strain, which hybridized with a probe carrying the nifHDK genes of K. pneumoniae, was cloned in vector pRK290 to yield plasmid pRS1. The extent of homology between the probe and the BamHI fragment was estimated at 4 kb and hybridization with K. pneumoniae nifH, nifK, and possibly nifD was detected. The pRS1 plasmid was introduced into the sesbania rhizobium nif mutants. Genetic complementation was observed with strain 5740(pRS1) both in the free‐living state and in planta. It thus appears that biochemistry and genetics of nitrogen fixation in this particular Rhizobium strain can be performed with bacteria grown under non‐symbiotic conditions.
The treatment of Wilms' tumor. Results of the national Wilms' tumor study

The National Wilms' Tumor Study, initiated in 1969, tested competing treatment strategems for patients with tumors ranging from Group (Gp) I (tumors confined to the kidney and totally removed) to Gp IV (remote metastases present at diagnosis). Three hundred and fifty‐nine of 606 registered patients were randomized in the trial. Gp I patients under 2 years of age fared well whether postoperative radiation therapy (RT) was or was not added to 15 months' maintenance actinomycin D (AMD). Their prognosis was better than that for older cohorts similarly treated, in whom the difference in relapse rates between treatment groups were suggestive of an RT effect. Combined AMD and vincristine (VCR) gave better results than either agent alone in patients with more advanced tumors (Gps II and III) still confined to the abdomen, all of whom received postoperative RT as well. Preoperative VCR given Gp IV patients in addition to postoperative RT, AMD, and VCR did not improve results. The frequency of mesoblastic nephroma (1%), of bilateral tumors (5%), and of incorrect preoperative diagnosis of Wilms' tumor (5%), the toxicities of the various regimens, and other ancillary data are presented and discussed.
A User's Cognitive Workload Perspective in Negotiation Support Systems: an eye-tracking Experiment

Replying to several research calls, I report promising results from an initial experiment which compares different negotiation support system approaches concerning their potential to reduce a user’s cognitive workload. Using a novel laboratory-based non-intrusive objective measurement technique which derives the user’s cognitive workload from pupillary responses and eye-movements, I experimentally evaluated a standard, a chat-based, and an argumentation-based negotiation support system and found that a higher assistance level of negotiation support systems actually leads to a lower user’s cognitive workload. In more detail, I found that an argumentation-based system which fully automates the generation of the user’s arguments significantly decreases the user’s cognitive workload compared to a standard system. In addition I found that a negotiation support system implementing an additional chat function significantly causes higher cognitive workload for users compared to a standard system.
Gaming The System

1 Within the privilege zone that bears the demand to produce a book in the first place, nothing, one might say, brings one closer to what Jameson called the “commodity structure of academic intellectual life”1 than the task of filling out one’s 1See C. Wright Mills, White Collar (New York: Oxford UP, 1956), 132; Jameson, Marxism and Form: Twentieth-Century Dialectical Theories of Literature (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1974), 393.