Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Effect of Five Essential Oils on Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Background and Objectives: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the causative agent of gastroenteritis due to consumption of contaminated seafood. The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of Essential Oils (EOs) of five plants (Artemisia absinthium, Zataria multiflora Boiss., Pulicaria gnaphalodes, Trachyspermum ammi and Cuminum cyminum) and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Materials and Methods: The EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The detection of inhibitory effect of the EOs on the tested bacteria was carried out by agar disc-diffusion method and then MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) of the EOs against both bacteria were determined. Results: The analysis of the components of the EOs by gas chromatography mass spectrometry allowed the identification of 76 compounds. Of the five tested EOs, four oils exhibited an antimicrobial effect against both strains of V. parahaemolyticus. In all EOs tested, Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus showed more sensitivity than non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. The strongest EO against pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were T. ammi with 63.42% thymol and C. cyminum with 29.02% cuminaldehyde and 20.70% α-terpinene-7-al, equally (31 mm inhibition zone). Non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus showed the most sensitivity against Z. multiflora Boiss. EO with 73.64% carvacrol (27 mm inhibition zone and the lowest MIC (0.025%) and MBC (0.05%)). Despite the large amount of thujone, A. absinthium EO in this study did not show antibacterial activity in disk diffusion assay, MIC or MBC values. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that Z. multiflora Boiss. and T. ammi have strong antimicrobial activity against both pathogenic and non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus.
Long-term Digital Storage by Switching Storage Medium

Digital information has a variety of benefits, but long-term digital storage is generally more expensive than analog storage and the risk of information loss can become high. This is known as the “Digital Dilemma. ” In this study, we propose an efficient method for long-term digital storage from an economic, practical, and future point of view under the condition of advances made in information technology. We analyze an efficient timed switch from an old medium to a new medium based on the lifecycle of the medium using statistical data. This study focused on memory media and estimated migration timing by proposing four evaluation items, i.e., the cost of digital storage, future of a memory medium, network externality of a memory medium, and decision to purchase based on price fluctuations. The timed switch from the present position to the next position depends on the beneficiaries, and the proposed model reflects their position from the statistical data of floppy disks, optical discs, and flash memory by the quantitative approach. We determined the efficient timed switch from an old medium to a new medium using the proposed method.
On Multiplicities of Non-isolated Intersection Components

In 1942, B.L. van der Waerden observed a very interesting fact in [24]. (We translate here from the original German): "However, to the best of my knowledge, the multiplicity of a non-isolated intersection point of 3 surfaces has never yet been defined. " (For a wealth of background material see, e.g., [9, 10, 13, 21]. Of course, it is very difficult to investigate embedded primary components, see, e.g., [11].) The focus of this paper is a discussion of this observation. First, our theorem 1 shows that indeed we need contributions of non-isolated intersection components to the intersection theory in P as developed in [4] and [18, 20] (see [7,3] for the relation between [4] and [20].). Second, our theorem 2 establishes that non-isolated intersection points of 3 surfaces have not always multiplicities. Third, our theorem 3 shows that certain non-isolated intersection points do indeed have multiplicities. This is demonstrated by examples. Here is our first example (see also [19]).
Build-up effect of auditory stream segregation using amplitude-modulated narrowband noise

5 Introduction . 7 Materials and Methods. 12 Participants . 12 Apparatus . 12 Stimulus Sequences . 12 Procedure . 14 Data Analysis . 17 Results and Discussions . 18 Summary . 25 References . 26
STRONG LENSING EFFICIENCY OF GALAXY CLUSTERS IN DARK ENERGY COSMOLOGIES

We study the efficiency for producing strong gravitational lensing events of galaxy clusters numerically simulated in different dark-energy cosmologies with constant and time-variable equation of state, and we compare the results with those obtained in standard ACDM and OCDM models. Our main results are (1) that the expected abundance of gravitational arcs with large length-to-width ratio depends on the equation of state of dark energy at the epoch of formation of the halo; and (2) that the high sensitivity of strong-lensing cross sections of galaxy clusters to dynamical processes like mergers, which was found in earlier studies, varies substantially between different cosmologies, being stronger for models in which halos are less concentrated. As expected, the largest differences in the lensing optical depth occur at intermediate and high redshift.
A Is for Apple: Mnemonic Symbols Hinder the Interpretation of Algebraic Expressions

Abstract This study examined how literal symbols affect students' understanding of algebraic expressions. Middle school students (N = 322) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions in which they were asked to interpret an expression (e.g., 4c + 3b) in a story problem. Each literal symbol represented the price of an item. In the c-and-b condition, the symbols used were the 1st letters of the items (e.g., price of a cake in dollars = c; price of a brownie in dollars = b). In the other 2 conditions, c and b were replaced with nonmnemonic English letters (x and y) or Greek letters (? and ? ). Incorrect interpretations of the expression were most common among students in the c-and-b condition. Moreover, students in this condition were more likely than students in the other conditions to misinterpret the symbols as labels for objects (e.g., c stands for cake). An analysis of participating students' textbooks revealed that mnemonic symbols were used correctly and were not uncommon. Results suggest that the use of mnemonic symbols may hinder students' interpretation of algebraic expressions.
Prevalence of carbapenem resistant bacterial strains isolated from different clinical samples: study from a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Background Carbapenems are considered as drugs of choice for the treatment of the infections caused by drug resistant bacteria. However, in the recent years the prevalence of carbapenem resistant gram negative bacteria has increased significantly. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase producing gram negative bacteria among all the clinical isolates. Material and methods A total of 3246 non-repeated, different clinical specimens from patients attending Kathmandu Model Hospital, from July 2013 to January 2014 were cultured and the gram negative bacterial isolates obtained were subjected to identification with the help of colony morphology, Gram’s stain and conventional biochemical tests. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Phenotypic confirmation of carbapenemase and AmpC beta-lactamase production was done by combined disc method. Results 890 samples showed the growth of bacterial pathogens. Out of total 769 gram negative bacteria, 57 were found to be carbapenem resistant. Of which, highest number (47) of the isolates were found to be metallo-β lactamase (MBL) producers. Six bacterial isolates produced both ( Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) KPC and MBL, whereas only one isolate was found to be positive for both MBL and AmpC. Three bacterial strains showed carbapenem resistance due to over production of AmpC β-lactamase. Conclusion Among carbapenem resistant gram negative bacteria, MBL was present as the major enzyme responsible for resisting carbapenem antibiotics.
Non-White Poverty and Macroeconomy : The Impact of Growth

Although poverty research has a very long history in the social sciences, serious debate on the sufficiency of economic growth to eliminate poverty was rekindled by the inception of the “War on Poverty” by the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations during the early 1960s. Forty years later, the measurement of growth’s effect on poverty remains an important input to the policy question of whether, how much, and how govern­ ment efforts should address poverty reduction. Early work by Henry J. Aaron (1967) found that poverty among certain groups seemed highly sensitive to economic growth, while other groups were barely affected. Subsequent researchers have realized that poverty has a spa­ tial as well as a demographic dimension, and more recent work has examined poverty by “race and region” using disaggregated time series. The present study further refines the examination of poverty by racial/ethnic group and region by investigating the impact of economic progress on poverty across black, Hispanic, and white populations measured over 35 years at the level of the census region. To our knowledge, this is the first research to study all three of these groups using regional data. A regional analysis is important because the North, Midwest, South, and West have had different industrial structures and different economic histories over the last three decades. As shown in Figure 1, regional poverty rates of blacks and Hispanics relative to whites are quite different. Moreover, regional differences exist in the levels and growth rates of real per capital GDP, in the secular decline in manufac­ turing, and in the pattern of the unemployment rate. In addition to economic events, we control Non-White Poverty and Macroeconomy: The Impact of Growth
Effect of Alpha1-Adrenergic Antagonist Prazosin on Behavioral Alterations Induced by MK-801 in a Spatial Memory Task in Long-Evans Rats

Summary Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders are current topics in behavioral neuroscience. Application of non-competitive antagonists of NMDA receptors (such as MK-801) was proposed as a model of schizophrenia, as it leads to specific behavioral alterations, which are partly analogous to human psychotic symptoms. This study examined an animal model of schizophrenia induced by a systemic application of MK-801 (0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg) into rats tested in the active allothetic place avoidance (AAPA) task. Previous studies suggested that MK-801 may interact in vivo with other neurotransmitter systems, including noradrenergic system. Our experiments therefore evaluated the hypothesis that both locomotor stimulation and deficit in avoidance behavior in AAPA task induced by this drug would be reversible by application of alpha1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (1 and 2 mg/kg). The results showed that both doses of prazosin partially reversed hyperlocomotion induced by higher doses of MK-801 and an avoidance deficit measured as number of entrances into the shock sector. Interestingly, no effect of prazosin on the MK-801-induced decrease of maximum time between two entrances (another measure of cognitive performance) was observed. These results support previous data showing that prazosin can compensate for the hyperlocomotion induced by MK-801 and newly show that this partial reduction sustains even in the forced locomotor conditions, which are involved in the AAPA task. The study also shows that certain parameters of avoidance efficiency may be closely related to locomotor activity, whereas other measures of cognition may more selectively reflect cognitive changes.
Effects of High and Low Saturation of Red Hue on Long-Term Memory Performance

Little is known about the mechanism of our physiological reactions to color and its impact on cognition. Despite that knowledge deficit, many researchers have used different colors as an environmental setting in studies on study and recall context variations and memory. The goal of this study was to examine whether manipulation of color properties, manipulation of color context, or both factors have an effect on memory recall. Each of the 2 independent variables—color presented at study and color presented at test—had 3 levels: high saturation of red hue, low saturation of red hue, and neutral (gray) hue. A total of 180 students were assigned to 1 of the 9 conditions in a 3 × 3 randomized-groups design. Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of color saturation on memory recall indicating that high saturation, both at time of study and time of test, resulted in better recall than a neutral hue or low saturation. The results relating color context and recall were nonsignificant, demonstrating that a change in color context from study to test did not result in greater forgetting. This finding clearly indicates that the manipulation of color saturation is the primary cause for the outcome in memory recall in this study. Implications for use of color to improve memory in a variety of learning situations are discussed. ANI G. NIKOLOVA
The Role of Lateralization in Feeding Behavior and Scratching Preference in Relation to Social Behavior in Captive Caribbean Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber)

Lateralization is defined as a behavior or mental process displayed by an animal in wh ich there is a distinctive side preference. Caribbean flamingos have been shown to display lateralization in neck resting behavior (Anderson, Williams, & O"Brien, 2009), and relationships between this side preference and aggression (Anderson, Williams, & Bono, 2010) and pair-bonding (Williams & Anderson, 2012) have been previously found. The pre sent study investigated whether Caribbean flamingos display lateral behavioral preferences in foot scratching and two types of stamp-feeding behavior, and examined the relationship, if any, between these lateral behaviors and both pair-bonding and aggression. Four of the birds displayed an individual-level lateral preference on one of the two feeding behaviors. Foot scratching preference was related to age such that older birds tended to utilize the right foot more for scratching. Results also suggested that birds who scratch with the left foot are mo re likely to be involved in, to be targeted in, and to lose fights, suggesting that lateral foot usage during scratching may be somehow related to social behaviors in this species, but as significant lateral scratching preferences were not found, such results must be viewed with caution. The lateral feeding behaviors did not appear to be significantly related to social cohesion.
The influence of landscape on the spatial and temporal distribution of stream macroalgal communities of two types of subtropical biomes

The influence of landscape on the spatial and temporal distribution of stream macroalgal communities of two types of subtropical biomes. Landscape properties must be considered in the interpretation of ecological patterns of stream macroalgal communities. In this study, we sampled streams with different types of riparian cover from two biomes (highland grassland, HG, and seasonal semideciduous forest, SSF) for a period of one year. Each stream was visited four times, once in each season, during which we observed the algal growth and recorded measurements of a set of physical and chemical properties. Nineteen macroalgal taxa were recorded for HG, while 21 were recorded for SSF, but only three species were common to both biomes. Student's t-test results showed that significant differences existed between HG and SSF only for stream depth for abiotic variables and for abundance for biotic variables, while the results of a detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) revealed that the taxonomic compositions were sharply different at the landscape level. In addition, the DCA results showed that when each landscape was considered individually, the HG macroalgal communities had a clear spatial structure, while for SSF macroalgal communities no spatial structure was detected. These results suggest that although the taxonomic richness of HG and SSF are relatively similar, the landscape conditions of each biome, mainly riparian cover types, could be relevant in the determination of quantitative and qualitative differences in the stream macroalgal communities both between and within biomes.
Modelling of African Farm Dynamics Using Bivariate Binary Logistic Regression in WinBUGS

The recent development and implementation of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is generating application of complicated models over a wide range of sciences. For two correlated binary responses, bivariate binary logistic regression is a suitable way to identify the related covariates and at the same time, their interactions validity can be investigated in terms of logarithm of odds ratio. Present study uses data obtained from a longitudinal survey conducted in 2002-2005 to make a guideline for the agricultural development and food security in Africa. Defining the term Extensification and Intensification as two traditions for the farm dynamics in the selected African states, a simple data analysis code for bivariate binary regression analysis in WinBUGS is developed and comparison is made with the analysis obtained in R under maximum likelihood estimation. Results indicate that some factors for instance ‘availability of new crop technology’, ‘import of Maize’ and ‘stopped intercropping’ shows some negative association with farm dynamics response variable, which concludes that these factors discouraging the production of Maize and areal increase in both Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimation approach. Whereas ‘Change in fertilizer use’, ‘cultivated area increase’ and ‘started selling maize’ shows positive association. This indicates that these factors support the argument of areal and Maize production increase. Farm holders access to modern crop technologies, in combination with commercial incentives to staple crop production emerge as the most important explanation of dynamism. Thus for independent modelling of Extensification and Intensification dynamics, both Bayesian and frequentistic approach mimics the result. But the joint association provides distinctive result in Bayesian approach that concludes that Extensification and Intensification are two diverse way of farm dynamics.
Double‐Sharpened Decimation Filter Employing a Pre‐droop Compensator for Multistandard Wireless Applications

This paper presents a double‐sharpened decimation filter based on the application of a Kaiser and Hamming sharpening technique for multistandard wireless systems. The proposed double‐sharpened decimation filter uses a pre‐droop compensator which improves the passband response of a conventional cascaded integrator‐comb filter so that it provides an efficient sharpening performance at half‐speed with comparison to conventional sharpened filters. In this paper, the passband droop characteristics with compensation provides –1.6 dB for 1.25 MHz, –1.4 dB for 2.5 MHz, –1.3 dB for 5 MHz, and –1.0 dB for 10 MHz bandwidths, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed double‐sharpened decimation filter is suitable for multistandard wireless applications.
AG. CD4+ and B lymphocyte expression quantitative traits at rheumatoid arthritis risk loci in untreated early arthritis: implications for causal gene identification.Arthritis and Rheumatology 2017, epub ahead of print

While this could be seen as surprising, given the previously reported differences between CD4+ T cell eQTLs according to activation status in vitro (30), the contrastingly cross-sectional nature of our study, which focused on unstimulated ex vivo cells from systemically inflamed and uninflamed peripheral blood samples, render the findings complimentary rather than contradictory, in our view. Indeed, the fact that eQTL effects did not 8 THALAYASINGAM ET AL
The Effect of Active Learning Instruction on the Intermediate Iranian EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension Ability

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of active learning instruction of listening on the listening comprehension ability of the intermediate Iranian EFL learners; moreover, it investigated the difference between male and female learners who had experienced active learning instruction in terms of the mentioned variable. The participants were 52 Iranian EFL learners who were distributed into control and experimental groups after making sure of their homogeneity through a proficiency test. To evaluate learners’ listening comprehension, a researcher-made listening test (pre-test), which was validated and its reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated to be 0.762, was conducted at the beginning of the term as a pre-test. During the term, which took about 20 sessions, active learning instruction of listening was fulfilled by the use of peer teaching and four types of tasks (jigsaw task, gap filling task, graphic organizer task, and information transfer task) as the treatment for the experimental group. In contrast, the learners of the control groups experienced traditional approach to instruction of listening comprehension. At the end of the term, the same listening comprehension test was applied as the post-test. The results of independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney U test revealed that active learning instruction of listening comprehension had a significant effect on the learners' listening comprehension ability of those in experimental groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in terms of listening comprehension between males and females of the experimental groups. The findings can provide insights to teachers and teacher trainers to be aware of beneficial characteristics of active learning instruction in the development of listening comprehension.
Earnings co-movements and earnings manipulation

This study develops a theory that predicts the lower the degree to which firms’ earnings are correlated with the industry the greater the probability a firm will issue a biased signal of firm performance. The theory provides for causal predictions in our empirical tests in which we examine the probability a firm will be subject to an Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release (AAER). The empirical findings provide support for the theory, even after controlling for various predictive variables from the literature, indicating the degree of earnings co-movements with the industry is in fact a causal factor in managers decisions to bias earnings reports. We further illustrate that low co-movement firms are less conservative than high co-movement firms, which provides an application of our theory to a broader setting. Overall, we provide both a theory and an empirical validation of the theory helping to discipline the thinking about earnings management and allowing for causal relations to be uncovered.
MULTICATEGORICAL VARIABLES FOR DETERMINING THE GENETIC DIVERGE BIOMASS AND SACCHARIN

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of biomass and saccharin sorghum genotypes, based on 19 agronomic traits by the means of the experimental area of the University of the State of Mato evaluated 25 genotypes of saccharin sorghum and 36 genotypes of biomass sorghum, in a randomized complete Tocher optimization, UPGMA hierarchical and Projection distances in 3D plan and comparing their results. The study showed the most divergent genotypes and the behav have proved partially concordant in the grouping of genotypes. The combined use of the clustering methods enabled a more accurate assessment for inference, and evidence the existence of genetic variability among saccharin an