Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Findings in Trauma Victims.

INTRODUCTION In medico-legal evaluation of trauma patients, the bio-psychological effects of the trauma and the severity of the injuries require to be evaluated. In this study, assuming the fact that psychiatric assessment is not taken into consideration in physical trauma cases, we planned to show the presence of psychological trauma in our medico-legally evaluated patients who presented with different types of traumas and to review the mental findings and diagnoses in trauma victims. METHOD We retrospectively analyzed the hospital records of 1975 patients aged 18 years or older who presented to the Department of Forensic Medicine at Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine for medico-legal evaluation between 1999 and 2009. Psychiatric assessment was performed in 142 patients by the Department of Psychiatry. The data contained in medico-legal reports and patient records were then examined with respect to patients' age, gender, nature of traumatic events, psychiatric diagnoses, descriptive characteristics of the patients, severity of trauma and past history of mental disorder and trauma experience. Results of the medicolegal evaluations were also analyzed. RESULT Of the 142 patients, 80 (56.3%) were female and their average age was 40.30±17.17 years. The most frequent traumatic events were traffic accidents (29.6%) and violence-related blunt force trauma (28.9%). When the distribution of the most common psychiatric diagnoses was examined, it was found that anxiety disorders were found in 69 cases (48.6%), adjustment disorders were found in 16 cases (11.3%) and mood disorders were found in 12 cases (8.5%). Among anxiety disorders, acute stress disorder (n=39) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n=27) were the most common ones. In 27 cases of the 142, it was determined that, psychiatric symptoms and findings did not meet the diagnostic criteria of any psychiatric disorder. Diagnosis of psychiatric disorder was not significantly related with traumatic experiences, comorbidity, marriage status, education level or lack of health insurance. CONCLUSION We assume elucidating the presence of a psychological trauma is crucial not only for the health benefit but also for legal rights of the patient. The necessity of considering merely the international diagnostic criteria in determining the existence of psychiatric trauma and its severity level can bring forth some difficulties in medico-legal evaluation.
La victimisation, la polyvictimisation et la délinquance chez les enfants et les jeunes adultes au Royaume-Uni

Cette etude explore l’impact et la nature de l’accumulation de victimisations sur la deviance autodeclaree des enfants et des jeunes adultes. Dans le cadre d’une enquete representative menee aupres de menages au Royaume-Uni en 2009, l’exposition a une gamme elargie d’experiences de victimisation ainsi que la delinquance autodeclaree ont ete evaluees grâce a 4036 interviews aupres de participants de deux groupes : des enfants âges de 11 a 17 ans et des jeunes adultes âges de 18 a 24 ans. L’âge, le sexe (masculin) et le fait d’avoir vecu certaines formes de victimisation augmentaient considerablement les probabilites de polyvictimisation au cours de l’enfance. L’impact de la victimisation sur la delinquance variait selon le type de victimisation, le sexe et le groupe d’âge. La victimisation sexuelle durant l’enfance etait fortement associee a la delinquance chez les femmes mais avait moins d’impact chez les hommes âges de moins de 18 ans. La polyvictimisation avait le plus d’impact sur la delinquance des enfants âges de 11 a 17 ans mais n’influencait pas significativement celle des jeunes femmes adultes. Les professionnels qui travaillent aupres des enfants et des jeunes doivent etre a l’affut des concomitances et du caractere cumulatif de la victimisation durant l’enfance. Ils doivent egalement etre outilles afin de reperer et d’aider ceux qui sont vulnerables a la polyvictimisation.
Oxidative stress index may play a key role in patients with pemphigus vulgaris

Background Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation are seen in many dermatologic disorders, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, acne vulgaris, pemphigus vulgaris (PV), lichen planus and alopecia areata. In PV, the increased production of ROS from activated neutrophils reduces the concentrations of antioxidant vitamins and enzymes.
Disability, disorder, and identity.

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the most important diagnostic tool, worldwide, to ensure that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities receive the supports they need to live richer, fuller lives. And yet, the ICD has naming conventions that create a conundrum for the field, requiring that all "conditions" in the ICD be named as a "disorder. " This article discusses the effect of naming on how people with intellectual disability are perceived by others and how they perceive themselves. The importance of continuing to move the field toward the adoption of functional/person-environment fit models of disability is discussed.
Biomechanics of the Gazi type pelvis external skeletal fixator

Abstract External skeletal fixation is an alternative method of treatment to conventional therapy and open surgical procedures in pelvis fractures. The appropriate type of frame and the configuration of the connecting bars of these fixators are under investigation. In the Gazi type pelvis external fixator (GPEF) which has been developed, a 70° angulation is applied to the connecting bars of the anterior quadrangular frame. This configuration, which is expected to improve the stability of the posterior column of the pelvis, was evaluated biomechanically on a phantom with various types of pelvic fractures and separations. The results suggest that the GPEF effectively controls anterior column pelvis fractures such as unilateral pubic ramus fractures, unilateral ischium pubis rami fractures and symphysis pubis separations under vertical loads. The fixator is partially capable of stabilizing the posterior column; however, loads above 700 N cause separation at the fracture site. Further studies and clinical trials are essential to determine the GPEF's effectiveness in reducing blood loss and in providing stability at the posterior column.
Dependency Parsing of Code-Switching Data with Cross-Lingual Feature Representations

This paper describes the test of a dependency parsing method which is based on bidirectional LSTM feature representations and multilingual word embedding, and evaluates the results on mono-and multilingual data. The results are similar in all cases, with a slightly better results achieved using multilingual data. The languages under investigation are Komi-Zyrian and Russian. Examination of the results by relation type shows that some language specific constructions are correctly recognized even when they appear in naturally occurring code-switching data. Tiivistelma Tutkimus arvioi dependenssianalyysin menetelmaa, joka perustuu kaksisuun-taiseen LSTM-piirrerepresentaatioon ja monikieliseen 'word embedding'-malliin, seka arvioi tuloksia yksi-ja monikielisissa aineistoissa. Tulokset ovat samanta-paisia, mutta hieman korkeampia moni-kuin yksikielisissa aineistoissa. Tutkitut kielet ovat komisyrjaani ja venaja. Tulosten yksityiskohtaisempi analyysi riippu-vuuksien mukaan osoittaa, etta tietyt kielikohtaiset suhteet on tunnistettu oikein jopa niiden esiintyessa luonnollisissa koodinvaihtoa sisaltavissa lauseissa. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. Licence details:
Systematic Analysis of Pyrazinamide-Resistant Spontaneous Mutants and Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a first-line antitubercular drug known for its activity against persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. We set out to systematically determine the PZA susceptibility profiles and mutations in the pyrazinamidase (pncA) gene of a collection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) clinical isolates and PZA-resistant (PZAr) spontaneous mutants. The frequency of acquired resistance to PZA was determined to be 10−5 bacilli in vitro. Selection at a lower concentration of PZA yielded a significantly larger number of spontaneous mutants. The methodical approach employed allowed for determination of the frequency of the PZAr phenotype correlated with mutations in the pncA gene, which was 87.5% for the laboratory-selected spontaneous mutants examined in this study. As elucidated by structural analysis, most of the identified mutations were foreseen to affect protein activity through either alteration of an active site residue or destabilization of protein structure, indicating some preferential mutation site rather than random scattering. Twelve percent of the PZAr mutants did not have a pncA mutation, strongly indicating the presence of at least one other mechanism(s) of PZAr.
Investor’s Disposition Error at Emerging Market: Evidence for Experiential and Rational Thinking Styles

This study aims to examine the role of two information processing styles toward investor’s disposition errors. This experimental study used a full factorial design 2 x 2 x 2 (two decision outcomes: negative and positive, two types of action: inaction (hold stock) and action (sell stock), two information processing styles: rational and experiential styles. The subjects in this experiment consisted of 181 participants. The experimental results conclude several important findings. First, there was a significant interaction of information processing styles, types of action, and decision outcomes in shaping degree of participant’s satisfaction/regret in investment decisions. Interestingly, when the decision outcome was negative (actual loss) and type of action was to hold losing stock, degree of regret was higher for subjects who were in an experiential styles than rational thinking styles. Likewise, when decision outcome was positive (missed loss) and type of action was to hold stocks, degree of satisfaction was higher for subjects who were in an experiential style rather than rational thinking styles. Second, the result of this study indicated that the emotion of satisfaction/regret was more predominant on subjects who were in an experiential thinking style than a rational thinking style. This result revealed that disposition error was greater on subjects who were in an experiential style than a rational thinking styles. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n5p313
Perceptions of Social Support from Pregnant and Parenting Teens Using Community-Based Doulas

Few studies have examined community-based doula care during the childbearing period. This descriptive study was designed to explore and describe the perceptions of disadvantaged pregnant and parenting teens (N = 24) who received support from culturally matched, community-based doulas. Their reported perceptions included enhanced knowledge about childbearing, support during childbirth, self-care, and early attachment to the newborn. Participants concurred that the community-based doula intervention had a positive impact on their supportive networks. This innovative model can supplement perinatal programs through utilization of culturally sensitive, community-based doulas that provide comprehensive relationship-based caring.
The Factor V R2 Allele: Risk of Venous Thromboembolism, Factor V Levels and Resistance to Activated Protein C

Summary Case-control studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the relative risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the factor V R2 allele. We calculated odds ratios in 581 patients and 469 agematched controls. The odds ratio for the R2 allele in patients relative to controls was 1.21 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.74). These results do not support the hypothesis that the R2 allele is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. There was no relationship between factor V levels and R2 carrier status. Normalised APC sensitivity ratios were not lower in carriers of the R2 allele. In an in vitro model progressive APC resistance was observed with factor V levels of 60% and less but ratios less than 2.4 (equivalent to a normalised ratio of 0.73) did not occur until factor V levels were less than 20%. The relationship between APC resistance and factor V level was not observed in a factor VIII-independent model.
Heathlands confronting global change: drivers of biodiversity loss from past to future scenarios.

BACKGROUND Heathlands are dynamic plant communities characterized by a high cover of sclerophyllous, ericoid shrubs that develop over nutrient-poor soils. Interest in the preservation of these habitats in Europe has increased over the last decades, but over this time there has been a general decline in habitat quality, affecting community structure, ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Negative drivers that trigger these changes include land-use changes (i.e. habitat destruction and fragmentation), pollution, climate change, natural succession and human management, as well as the presence of invasive exotic species. SCOPE Based on recent scientific literature, the effect of each of these potential drivers on a wide set of factors, including physiological traits, species richness and diversity, community structure, ecosystem functions and soil conditions, is reviewed. The effects of these drivers are generally understood, but the direction and magnitude of factor interactions, whenever studied, have shown high variability. CONCLUSIONS Habitat loss and fragmentation affect sensitive species and ecosystem functions. The nature of the surrounding area will condition the quality of the heathland remnants by, for example, propagule pressure from invasive species. The dominant ericoid shrubs can be out-competed by vigorous perennial grasses with increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition, although interactions with climate and management practices may either counteract or enhance this process. Grazing or periodic burning promotes heath loss but site-specific combined treatments maintain species diversity and community structure. Climate change alone moderately affects plant diversity, community structure and ecosystem functions. Combined with other factors, climatic changes will condition heath development, mainly with regard to key aspects such as seed set and seedling establishment, rare species occurrence and nutrient cycling in the soil. It is essential to address the effects of not only individual factors, but their interactions, together with land-use history, on heathland development and conservation in order to predict habitat response to future scenarios.
Involvement of cyclic AMP and its receptor protein in filamentation of an Escherichia coli fic mutant

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) inhibited septum formation in Escherichia coli PA3092 and induced cell filamentation at elevated temperatures. This phenomenon was first observed in E. coli PA3092 and is due to a temperature-sensitive mutation. We tentatively named this mutation fic (filamentation induced by cAMP). The fic gene was located near rpsL (formerly strA) on the E. coli K-12 map. the inhibitory effect of cAMP on cell division and filamentation in a fic mutant was not observed in a crp mutant. When cAMP was removed from the culture medium, filaments were divided into rods as the intracellular cAMP level decreased. These results suggest that the cAMP-cAMP receptor protein complex causes filamentation in the fic mutant, E. coli PA3092.
The Potential Use of Stem Cells for Cochlear Repair

In light of the currently defined characteristics of stem cells, a re-evaluation of hair cell regeneration in birds suggests that there may be a stem cell population located in the inner ear. It is yet to be determined if the mammalian cochlea contains stem cells, but the presence of a mammalian vestibular stem cell population would not appear to be out of the realm of possibility. This paper reviews the latest advances in stem cell biology and suggests that stem cells may be an appropriate biological tool to be used for cochlear repair. The potential use of several types of stem cells, including embryonic, neural and hematopoietic stem cells, as agents for cochlear repair is examined.
Evaluation of a humoral factor in liver regeneration utilizing liver transplants.

Summary Information has been obtained concerning the extracellular control of liver regeneration by transplanting, with blood vessel anastomoses, auxiliary livers into isologous rats. Partial or whole livers, vascularized one of three ways, were inserted into hosts with whole or partially hepatectomized livers in which there was either a normal blood supply or an absence of portal flow. Bile ducts of transplants were either cannulated or ligated. Hepatic parenchymal cell activity was determined by number of mitoses and incorporation of 32 P into DNA. Findings obtained from a variety of host and transplant combinations indicate the following. ( a ) They failed to confirm a factor, as more conventionally described by others, in hepatic regeneration. A partial (30%)-liver transplant failed to initiate a parenchymal cell response in whole host livers and, similarly, partial hepatectomy of the latter resulted in no stimulation of such cells in whole-liver transplants. An explanation for the difference in results is presented which suggests that there is a portal blood factor (PBF) which is capable of stimulating hepatic cells and that its effectiveness is inversely related to the number of liver cells present. ( b ) This PBF was neither destroyed nor inhibited in systemic blood, since livers in portacaval-shunted, partially hepatectomized, nontransplanted animals responded similarly to such livers in nonshunted animals. ( c ) The diversion of portal blood through a whole-liver transplant prior to its entry into the systemic circulation prevented such a response in the liver remnant of the host as well as in the transplant. ( d ) Diversion of portal blood through a partial liver transplant resulted in a response in the transplant similar to that which occurred in the remnant of a partially hepatectomized, nontransplanted animal, despite the presence of an additional whole liver (host), which failed to demonstrate stimulation. ( e ) When a partial liver was transplanted into a hepatectomized host and the transplant received portal blood, it responded as would a similar nontransplanted liver remnant, whereas the host liver remnant response was considerably diminished, indicating utilization of the factor by the transplant so that little was available for stimulation of the host liver. Such findings are difficult to relate to reduction of inhibitor by partial hepatectomy as a factor in regeneration. They more readily suggest that a disturbance of the “normal” relationship between the quantity of PBF available and the number of hepatic cells present results in the regenerative response. With proliferation of liver cells and restoration of the “equilibrium,” regeneration ceases. Studies relative to the nature, site of origin, mechanism of action, and regulation of concentration of PBF are in progress.
The Sizes of Peptides Generated from Protein by Mammalian 26 and 20 S Proteasomes

Knowledge about the sizes of peptides generated by proteasomes during protein degradation is essential to fully understand their degradative mechanisms and the subsequent steps in protein turnover and generation of major histocompatibility complex class I antigenic peptides. We demonstrate here that 26 S and activated 20 S proteasomes from rabbit muscle degrade denatured, nonubiquitinated proteins in a highly processive fashion but generate different patterns of peptides (despite their containing identical proteolytic sites). With both enzymes, products range in length from 3 to 22 residues, and their abundance decreases with increasing length according to a log-normal distribution. Less than 15% of the products are the length of class I presented peptides (8 or 9 residues), and two-thirds are too short to function in antigen presentation. Surprisingly, these mammalian proteasomes, which contain two “chymotryptic,” two “tryptic,” and two “post-acidic” active sites, generate peptides with a similar size distribution as do archaeal 20 S proteasomes, which have 14 identical sites. Furthermore, inactivation of the “tryptic” sites altered the peptides produced without significantly affecting their size distribution. Therefore, this distribution is not determined by the number, specificity, or arrangement of the active sites (as proposed by the “molecular ruler” model); instead, we propose that proteolysis continues until products are small enough to diffuse out of the proteasomes.
Disorders of Sexual Development in Wild and Captive Exotic Animals

Disorders of sexual development (DSDs) are an increasing concern in both captive and free-ranging wildlife species. Partial or complete reduction in fertility that results from intersex conditions or gonadal dysgenesis is detrimental to the reproductive potential of wildlife populations, and consequently, to their long-term survival. Compared to the wealth of information available on humans and domestic species, a better understanding of the factors influencing sexual development in wildlife is essential for developing and improving population management or conservation plans. This review attempts to bring together the different facets of DSDs as studied in the fields of reproductive physiology, endocrinology, ecotoxicology, wildlife biology, and environmental health.
Complications during apnea testing in the determination of brain death: Predisposing factors

Article abstract Apnea testing in brain death determination may result in cardiovascular complications. Hypotension occurred in 24% and cardiac arrhythmias occurred in <1% of the 145 apneic oxygenation procedures. Complications were noted in only 15% of apnea tests performed without any predisposing factors. Significantly more complications (39%) were observed in apnea tests with inadequate precautions, particularly in apnea tests without adequate preoxygenation (50%).
Surface Chemistry Interactions of Cationorm with Films by Human Meibum and Tear Film Compounds

Cationorm® (CN) cationic nanoemulsion was demonstrated to enhance tear film (TF) stability in vivo possibly via effects on tear film lipid layer (TFLL). Therefore the interactions of CN with human meibum (MGS) and TFLL in vitro and in vivo deserve special study. MGS and CN were spread at the air/water interface of a Langmuir surface balance to ensure a range of MGS/CN oil phase ratios: 20/1, 10/1, 5/1, 3/1, 2/1 and 1/1. The films capability to reorganize during dynamic area changes was evaluated via the surface pressure-area compression isotherms and step/relaxation dilatational rheology studies. Films structure was monitored with Brewster angle microscopy. CN/TFLL interactions at the ocular surface were monitored with non-contact specular microscopy. The in vitro studies of MGS/CN layers showed that (i) CN inclusion (at fixed MGS content) increased film elasticity and thickness and that (ii) CN can compensate for moderate meibum deficiency in MGS/CN films. In vivo CN mixed with TFLL in a manner similar to CN/MGS interactions in vitro, and resulted in enhanced thickness of TFLL. In vitro and in vivo data complement each other and facilitated the study of the composition-structure-function relationship that determines the impact of cationic nanoemulsions on TF.