Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Analysis In Theory And Practice

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Efficient and Scalable Multi-Source Streaming Broadcast on GPU Clusters for Deep Learning

Broadcast operations (e.g. MPI_Bcast) have been widely used in deep learning applications to exchange a large amount of data among multiple graphics processing units (GPUs). Recent studies have shown that leveraging the InfiniBand hardware-based multicast (IB-MCAST) protocol can enhance scalability of GPU-based broadcast operations. However, these initial designs with IB-MCAST are not optimized for multi-source broadcast operations with large messages, which is the common communication scenario for deep learning applications. In this paper, we first model existing broadcast schemes and analyze their performance bottlenecks on GPU clusters. Then, we propose a novel broadcast design based on message streaming to better exploit IB-MCAST and NVIDIA GPUDirect RDMA (GDR) technology for efficient large message transfer operation. The proposed design can provide high overlap among multi-source broadcast operations. Experimental results show up to 68% reduction of latency compared to state-of-the-art solutions in a benchmark-level evaluation. The proposed design also shows near-constant latency for a single broadcast operation as a system grows. Furthermore, it yields up to 24% performance improvement in the popular deep learning framework, Microsoft CNTK, which uses multi-source broadcast operations; notably, the performance gains are achieved without modifications to applications. Our model validation shows that the proposed analytical model and experimental results match within a 10% range. Our model also predicts that the proposed design outperforms existing schemes for multi-source broadcast scenarios with increasing numbers of broadcast sources in large-scale GPU clusters.
Naturally Occurring Regulatory T cells (CD4+, CD25high, FOXP3+) in the Antrum and Cardia are Associated with Higher H. pylori Colonization and Increased Gene Expression of TGF‐β1

Background: Helicobacter pylori causes gastric inflammation. Despite the induction of H. pylori‐specific B‐ and T cells, the immune response is not sufficient to clear the infection. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) suppress the activation and proliferation of antigen‐specific T cells and mediate immunologic tolerance. FOXP3 was shown to be expressed in a subset of Treg cells known as ‘naturally occurring Treg cells’. These cells have not been sufficiently studied in context to H. pylori‐induced inflammation in human gastric mucosa.
Primary structure and binding activity of the hnRNP U protein: binding RNA through RGG box.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are thought to influence the structure of hnRNA and participate in the processing of hnRNA to mRNA. The hnRNP U protein is an abundant nucleoplasmic phosphoprotein that is the largest of the major hnRNP proteins (120 kDa by SDS‐PAGE). HnRNP U binds pre‐mRNA in vivo and binds both RNA and ssDNA in vitro. Here we describe the cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the hnRNP U protein, the determination of its amino acid sequence and the delineation of a region in this protein that confers RNA binding. The predicted amino acid sequence of hnRNP U contains 806 amino acids (88,939 Daltons), and shows no extensive homology to any known proteins. The N‐terminus is rich in acidic residues and the C‐terminus is glycine‐rich. In addition, a glutamine‐rich stretch, a putative NTP binding site and a putative nuclear localization signal are present. It could not be defined from the sequence what segment of the protein confers its RNA binding activity. We identified an RNA binding activity within the C‐terminal glycine‐rich 112 amino acids. This region, designated U protein glycine‐rich RNA binding region (U‐gly), can by itself bind RNA. Furthermore, fusion of U‐gly to a heterologous bacterial protein (maltose binding protein) converts this fusion protein into an RNA binding protein. A 26 amino acid peptide within U‐gly is necessary for the RNA binding activity of the U protein. Interestingly, this peptide contains a cluster of RGG repeats with characteristic spacing and this motif is found also in several other RNA binding proteins. We have termed this region the RGG box and propose that it is an RNA binding motif and a predictor of RNA binding activity.
Amyloid-β and tau synergistically impair the oxidative phosphorylation system in triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ)-containing plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuron and synapse loss. Tangle formation has been reproduced in P301L tau transgenic pR5 mice, whereas APPswPS2N141I double-transgenic APP152 mice develop Aβ plaques. Cross-breeding generates triple transgenic (tripleAD) mice that combine both pathologies in one model. To determine functional consequences of the combined Aβ and tau pathologies, we performed a proteomic analysis followed by functional validation. Specifically, we obtained vesicular preparations from tripleAD mice, the parental strains, and nontransgenic mice, followed by the quantitative mass-tag labeling proteomic technique iTRAQ and mass spectrometry. Within 1,275 quantified proteins, we found a massive deregulation of 24 proteins, of which one-third were mitochondrial proteins mainly related to complexes I and IV of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Notably, deregulation of complex I was tau dependent, whereas deregulation of complex IV was Aβ dependent, both at the protein and activity levels. Synergistic effects of Aβ and tau were evident in 8-month-old tripleAD mice as only they showed a reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential at this early age. At the age of 12 months, the strongest defects on OXPHOS, synthesis of ATP, and reactive oxygen species were exhibited in the tripleAD mice, again emphasizing synergistic, age-associated effects of Aβ and tau in perishing mitochondria. Our study establishes a molecular link between Aβ and tau protein in AD pathology in vivo, illustrating the potential of quantitative proteomics.
Characterisation of system performance of gps antennas in mobile terminals including environmental effects

Incident waves on a GPS antenna on mobile terminals suffer from multipath effects due to reflection, diffraction and scattering from environmental objects including buildings, trees, vehicles and ground. A traditional electromagnetic approach to analyse the GPS antenna performance is therefore unable to give a correct account of the antenna working in a real multipath environment. A new technique to characterise these environmental effects on the GPS antenna is presented in this paper, defined by three parameters; GPS Mean Effective Gain (MEGGPS), GPS Angle of Arrival (AoAGPS) distribution and GPS Coverage Efficiency (ηc).
How Does Intentional Earnings Smoothing Vary With Managerial Ability?

We investigate if high-ability managers are more likely to intentionally smooth earnings, a form of earnings management, and when they are more likely to do so. Although prior studies provide evidence that high-ability managers report higher quality earnings, the literature does not indicate whether this behavior is common because of (or happens in spite of) high-ability managers’ intentional smoothing activities. We find that (a) high-ability managers are significantly more likely to engage in intentional smoothing, (b) their intentional smoothing is associated with improved future operating performance, and (c) their intentional smoothing is more prevalent when the smoothing either benefits shareholders, the manager, or both. We do not, however, find evidence that high-ability managers who smooth are more likely to have engaged in informed trading or are more likely to consume perquisites. High-ability managers’ intentional smoothing is also associated with increased voluntary (but not forced) executive turnover, consistent with high-ability managers being motivated, at least in part, by how the capital market consequences of smoothing are expected to benefit shareholders, thereby bolstering their reputation.
The Epidemiology and Etiology of Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a noninflammatory disorder characterized by ectasia of the central or inferior portion of the cornea. This review presents the scant epidemiological information known to date and the factors believed to cause the development of the disease. They are the genetic factors for which evidence come from family studies, twin studies and genetic loci. There appears to be multiple genes causing a keratoconus phenotype with variable penetration. However, the genetic predisposition might not be enough; environmental factors, such as eye rubbing, atopy and UV exposure, may have a role in generating the disease.
Human antibody response to the major merozoite surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum is strain specific and short-lived

The precursor of the major merozoite antigen of Plasmodium falciparum, gp190, is considered a candidate for inclusion in a malaria vaccine. This protein, which consists of conserved, dimorphic, and polymorphic sequences, is very immunogenic in humans. In a longitudinal study carried out with 94 inhabitants of a rural community in Mali, West Africa, we show that in this endemic area naturally acquired gp190-specific antibodies are predominantly directed against the dimorphic parts of one of the main alleles of gp190. The presence of antibodies against these dimorphic regions correlates with the prevalence of the corresponding antigen in the infecting parasite population. Moreover, qualitative as well as quantitative differences were found in the time course of the humoral immune response to the dimorphic regions in adults and children, who differ in their susceptibility to malaria infection.
Relation between transamination of branched-chain amino acids and urea synthesis: evidence from human pregnancy.

Protein and nitrogen (N) accretion by the mother is a major adaptive response to pregnancy in humans and animals to meet the demands of the growing conceptus. Quantitative changes in whole body N metabolism were examined during normal pregnancy by measuring the rates of leucine N (QN) and carbon (QC) kinetics with the use of [1-13C,15N]leucine. Rate of synthesis of urea was measured by [15N2]urea tracer. Pregnancy-related change in total body water was quantified by H2[18O] dilution, and respiratory calorimetry was performed to quantify substrate oxidation. A significant decrease in the rate of urea synthesis was evident in the 1st trimester (nonpregnant 4.69 +/- 1.14 vs. pregnant 3.44 +/- 1.11 micromol . kg-1 . min-1; means +/- SD, P < 0.05). The lower rate of urea synthesis was sustained through the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. QN was also lower in the 1st trimester during fasting; however, it reached a significant level only in the 3rd trimester (nonpregnant 166 +/- 35 vs. 3rd trimester 135 +/- 16 micromol . kg-1 . h-1; P < 0.05). There was no significant change in QC during pregnancy. A significant decrease in the rate of transamination of leucine was evident in the 3rd trimester both during fasting and in response to nutrient administration (P < 0.05). The rate of deamination of leucine was correlated with the rate of urea synthesis during fasting (r = 0.59, P = 0.001) and during feeding (r = 0.407, P = 0. 01). These data show that pregnancy-related adaptations in maternal N metabolism are evident early in gestation before any significant increase in fetal N accretion. It is speculated that the lower transamination of branched-chain amino acids may be due to decreased availability of N acceptors such as alpha-ketoglutarate as a consequence of resistance to insulin action evident in pregnancy.
Combination of Cyclophosphamide and Carboplatin in Recurrent Malignant Gliomas.

Eventually, all patients with malignant gliomas recur or progress. Unfortunately, the optimal regimen in the salvage setting has not yet been defined. We retrospectively evaluated 52 patients with malignant gliomas who failed temozolomide therapy and were treated with a combination of intravenous carboplatin and oral cyclophosphamide. The median age of all patients, including those with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (n= 40) and anaplastic glioma (AG) (n= 12), was 45.5 years (range 23-68). All patients were treated with consolidation temozolomide after chemoradiotherapy. After temozolomide failure, second surgery was performed on 15, reirradiation on four and radiosurgery on three patients. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was 4 (range 1-8), the clinical benefit was 67.3%, a partial response was achieved in 26.9% and stable disease in 40.4%. In the GBM group, median progressionfree survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3 (95% CI, 2.31-3.69) and 8 (95% CI, 4.76-11.24) months, respectively. In the AG group, median PFS and OS were 5 (95% CI, 3.51-6.49) and 11 (95% CI, 6.38-15.62) months, respectively. The six-month PFS rate was 25%. Only one patient survived 18 months after treatment. Serious toxicity was mainly hematological. The combination of carboplatin and oral cyclophosphamide is a valuable option in temozolomide refractory patients with malignant glioma.
The Effect of Role Ambiguity on Competitive State Anxiety

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between role ambiguity and precompetition state anxiety (A-state). Consistent with multidimensional anxiety theory (Martens, Vealey, & Burton, 1990), it was hypothesized that role ambiguity would be positively related to cognitive but not to somatic A-state. Based on the conceptual model presented by Beauchamp, Bray, Eys, and Carron (2002), role ambiguity in sport was operationalized as a multidimensional construct (i.e., scope of responsibilities, role behaviors, role evaluation, and role consequences) potentially manifested in each of two contexts, offense and defense. Consistent with hypotheses, ambiguity in terms of the scope of offensive role responsibilities predicted cognitive A-state (R2 = .19). However, contrary to hypotheses, offensive role-consequences ambiguity also predicted somatic A-state (R2 = .09). Results highlight the importance of using a multidimensional approach to investigate role ambiguity in sport and are discussed in terms.
Rapamycin Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice: Inhibitory Effect on Monocyte Chemotaxis

Rapamycin has been shown to reduce neointimal thickening in the setting of balloon angioplasty and chronic graft vessel disease. This study was designed to test the effect of oral rapamycin on atherosclerotic plaque progression and the possible mechanism involved. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout mice were fed either a diet supplemented with cholesterol or with cholesterol and rapamycin. At 4 and 8 weeks, quantitative analyses of plaque area and macrophage numbers were determined. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and whole-blood rapamycin levels were measured. Rapamycin could be detected in the blood of mice (117 ± 7 pg/mL). In mice fed with rapamycin, atherosclerotic lesions covered 22% of the aortic arch as compared with 41% in cholesterol-fed mice. The macrophage count was significantly lower in the rapamycin-fed mice as compared with cholesterol-fed mice. Rapamycin, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited monocyte chemotaxis elicited by stromal cell-derived factor-1. Lesions in the cholesterol-fed mice had complex atherosclerotic plaque with acellular core, cholesterol clefts, and an abundant collection of monocytes/macrophages. Lesions in the rapamycin-fed mice were mainly composed of monocytes/macrophages. Oral rapamycin is effective in slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. Along with its multitude actions, attenuation of monocyte chemotaxis may be one more way by which rapamycin attenuates plaque progression.
The influence of intercultural factors in corporate education : a case study from the transport and logistics industry

III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . V GLOSSARY . 1 PREFACE . 5 1 – THE PROBLEM . 9 2 – BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY . 22 3 – METHODOLOGY. 59 4 – FINDINGS . 92 5 – CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS . 136 6 – REFLECTIONS . 170 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 190 APPENDICES . 201
Diallyl Disulphide, a Beneficial Component of Garlic Oil, Causes a Redistribution of Cell-Cycle Growth Phases, Induces Apoptosis, and Enhances Butyrate-Induced Apoptosis in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells (HT-29)

Colon cancer is a leading and expanding cause of death worldwide. A major contributory factor to this disease is diet composition; some components are beneficial (e.g, dietary fiber), whereas others are detrimental (e.g., alcohol). Garlic oil is a prominent dietary constituent that prevents the development of colorectal cancer. This effect is believed to be mainly due to diallyl disulphide (DADS), which selectively induces redox stress in cancerous (rather than normal) cells that leads to apoptotic cell death. However, the detailed mechanism by which DADS causes apoptosis remains unclear. We show that DADS treatment of colonic adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) initiates a cascade of molecular events characteristic of apoptosis. These include a decrease in cellular proliferation, translocation of phosphatidylserine to the plasma-membrane outer-layer, activation of caspase-3 and -9, genomic DNA fragmentation, and G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate (abundantly produced in the gut by bacterial fermentation of dietary polysaccharides), enhance colonic cell integrity but, in contrast, inhibit colonic cancer cell growth. Combining DADS with butyrate augmented the apoptotic effect of butyrate on HT-29 cells. These results suggest that the anticancerous properties of DADS afford greater benefit when supplied with other favorable dietary factors (short chain fatty acids/polysaccharides) that likewise reduce colonic tumor development.
No t fo r d ist rib uti on 1 Forgetting Preliminary considerations

Of all the common afflictions from which humankind suffers, forgetting is probably the most common. Each of us, every day, forgets something we wish we could remember. It might be something we have done, something we intended to do, a fact, a name of a person or restaurant, and so on ad infinitum. As we age, our incidents of forgetting increase and we worry more about them. A whole industry of books, tapes, and even new mental gymnasia has grown up to deal with the cognitive frailties of old age, the primary one being rampant forgetting. Compared to other nuisances of life, forgetting probably tops the list. The “common cold” is actually quite rare compared to forgetting in all its manifestations. As Underwood (1966) wrote: “Forgetting is a most exasperating and sometimes even painful phenomenon” (p. 542). More recently, Nairne and Pandeirada (2008) maintained that for most people “forgetting is a scourge, a nuisance, a breakdown in an otherwise efficient mental capacity” (p. 179), although they quickly noted that there is often an adaptive value in forgetting too. Despite the fact that psychologists have been studying learning and memory for 125 years, the current volume is the only one we can find devoted solely to the topic of forgetting. “Forgetting” is a term used in the titles of many works of fiction and even cultural critique (see Markowitsch & Brand, Chapter 2), but this volume is the first scientific one devoted to it. Strange, you might think. Given the ubiquity of forgetting in our daily lives, the quote by Nietzsche that heads our chapter must seem stranger still. Given its ubiquity, how can the existence of forgetting be doubted? Difficulties of these sorts usually revolve around matters of definition, and that is the case here. We turn to this issue first.
An Expressive Utility Account of Partisan Cue Receptivity : Cognitive Resources in the Service of Identity Expression

What motivates citizens to rely on partisan cues when forming political judgments? Extant literature offers two perspectives on this matter: an optimistic view that reliance on cues serves to enable adequate decision making when cognitive resources are low, and a pessimistic view that reliance on cues serves to channel cognitive resources to the goal of expressing valued political identities. In the present research we seek to further understanding of the relative importance of these two motives. We find that individuals low in cognitive resources are not more likely to follow partisan cues than are individuals high in cognitive resources. Furthermore, we find the highest level of cue receptivity is observed for those individuals who have both a strong social identification with their party and high cognitive resources. This suggests that partisan cue receptivity more often involves a harnessing of cognitive resources for the goal of identity expression.
Analysis of Selection Bias in a Case‐Control Study of Renal Adenocarcinoma

Crude estimation of the selection probability ratio (SPR), described previously, was extended to stratified and multivariateestimation and used to assess selection bias in a case-control study of renal adenocarcinoma. I t was shown that the directly pooledestimate of the SPR, using the same weights as the directly pooled estimate of the exposure odds ratio (OR) from the case-controlstudy (assuming the OR and SPR are common to all strata and data are abundant), can be multiplied with the OR to yield anadjusted OR that is free from selection bias. Medical records of 548 interviewed cases were compared with 640 noninterviewedcases, and interviews at 640 controls were compared with mailed questionnaires from 272 (60%) of the noninterviewed controls.Age-sex-adjusted point estimates of SPRs ranged from 0.65 to 1.4. Multivariate estimates from binomial regression ranged from0.34 to 2.0. Higher socioeconomic status and history of renal stones were predictors of participation by both cases and controls.Obesity in women, hypertension, and nonsmoking were predictors in cases only. Heart disease was associated with controlparticipation and case nonparticipation. This study cast doubt on the OR for obesity in women and hypertension in the
Chemokine IL-8 and Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and CXCR4 Gene Expression in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at First Relapse

In this study, we examined the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-8, CXCR3, and CXCR4 in leukemic cells from 100 children with relapsed B-cell progenitors (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IL-8, CXCR3, and CXCR4 were expressed in almost all bone marrow (BM) samples. The CXCR4 expression significantly correlated with known prognostic factors at relapse: time point and site of relapse. Patients who had a combined BM relapse (n=21) had lower IL-8 and CXCR4 expression than those who had an isolated BM relapse (n=79). The CXCR3 expression was higher in female patients (n=39) than in male patients (n=61). However, this did not reach prognostic relevance in relapsed ALL.