Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient receptor potential channel 6 regulates abnormal cardiac S-nitrosylation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Significance The pathological Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) muscles show increased stretch-induced intracellular Ca2+ and nitrosative stress. Whether there is a link between the two, and how the former impacts the nitrosylated proteome, is unknown. Here, we report that transient receptor potential channel 6 (Trpc6) modulates increased nitrosative stress in dmdmdx:utrn+/− mice, as reflected by an increase in protein S-nitrosylation, and provide a broad high-throughput analysis of S-nitrosylation in this model. We found that S-nitrosothiol targets are conserved in dmdmdx:utrn+/− myocardium, but intensified in a Trpc6-dependent manner. Restoration of more normal S-nitrosylation profiles in dmdmdx:utrn+/− mouse hearts lacking Trpc6 corresponds to improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis. These findings link Trpc6-mediated Ca2+ signaling and nitrosative stress in the redox pathobiology of DMD. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder with dystrophin loss that results in skeletal and cardiac muscle weakening and early death. Loss of the dystrophin–sarcoglycan complex delocalizes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to alter its signaling, and augments mechanosensitive intracellular Ca2+ influx. The latter has been coupled to hyperactivation of the nonselective cation channel, transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (Trpc6), in isolated myocytes. As Ca2+ also activates NOS, we hypothesized that Trpc6 would help to mediate nitric oxide (NO) dysregulation and that this would be manifest in increased myocardial S-nitrosylation, a posttranslational modification increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and muscle disease. Using a recently developed dual-labeling proteomic strategy, we identified 1,276 S-nitrosylated cysteine residues [S-nitrosothiol (SNO)] on 491 proteins in resting hearts from a mouse model of DMD (dmdmdx:utrn+/−). These largely consisted of mitochondrial proteins, metabolic regulators, and sarcomeric proteins, with 80% of them also modified in wild type (WT). S-nitrosylation levels, however, were increased in DMD. Genetic deletion of Trpc6 in this model (dmdmdx:utrn+/−:trpc6−/−) reversed ∼70% of these changes. Trpc6 deletion also ameliorated left ventricular dilation, improved cardiac function, and tended to reduce fibrosis. Furthermore, under catecholamine stimulation, which also increases NO synthesis and intracellular Ca2+ along with cardiac workload, the hypernitrosylated state remained as it did at baseline. However, the impact of Trpc6 deletion on the SNO proteome became less marked. These findings reveal a role for Trpc6-mediated hypernitrosylation in dmdmdx:utrn+/− mice and support accumulating evidence that implicates nitrosative stress in cardiac and muscle disease.
The structure of hyperfinite Borel equivalence relations

We study the structure of the equivalence relations induced by the orbits of a single Borel automorphism on a standard Borel space. We show that any two such equivalence relations which are not smooth, i.e., do not admit Borel selectors, are Borel embeddable into each other. (This utilizes among other things work of Effros and Weiss.) Using this and also results of Dye, Varadarajan, and recent work of Nadkarni, we show that the cardinality of the set of ergodic invariant measures is a complete invariant for Borel isomorphism of aperiodic nonsmooth such equivalence relations. In particular, since the only possible such cardinalities are the finite ones, countable infinity, and the cardinality of the continuum, there are exactly countably infinitely many isomorphism types. Canonical examples of each type are also discussed.
Focal properties of an aberration-free fiber micro-lens

The focusing properties of an aberration-free fiber micro-lenses are studied. The simulation results show that the focal spot size (radius of the waist) is no changed with micro-lenses clad radius for a given focal length when the micro-lenses clad radius is larger than twice the fiber core radius, and the empirical formulas are given for computing focal shift and spot size respectively, it provide convenient means to make sure the location and size of the waist of the beam emerging from the fiber micro-lenses. The proposed formulas cover the range of parameter range of beam Fresnel number Nw&#60;2 and Nr>4Nw.
Uptake of Copper Acetamidinate ALD Precursors on Nickel Surfaces

The adsorption and thermal activation of copper(I)-N,N′-di-sec-butylacetamidinate on a Ni(110) single-crystal surface were characterized in connection with the use of that compound as a precursor for the growth of copper films via atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes. Studies were carried out under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions by using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low-energy ion scattering (LEIS), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). A temperature window between approximately 350 and 450 K was identified for the clean deposition of the precursor on the surface: lower temperatures are insufficient for activation of the dissociative adsorption, and higher temperatures lead to continuous decomposition beyond Cu monolayer saturation. Approximately three ALD-like cycles are required to reach full Cu monolayer saturation, the equivalent of a film growth rate of approximately 0.75 A/cycle. Preadsorption of hydrogen on the surface does not modify any of this behavior be.
Aerobic Exercise Training and Incentive Spirometry Can Control Age-Related Respiratory Muscles Performance Changes in Elderly

As aging occurs, the respiratory system undergoes a measurable decline in physiological functions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of walking exercise and incentive spirometry in controlling age related respiratory muscles function changes in elderly. Forty elderly subjects of both sexes their age ranged from 65 to 74 years and included into two equal groups; group (A) received walking exercise and incentive spirometery three times a week for 3 months, where group (B) received no physical therapy intervention. The mean values of VC, FEV1, MVV, PImax, PEmax and PEND were significantly increase in group (A), while changes in group (B) were not significant. Also; there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Application of breathing exercise with an incentive spirometer in addition to walking exercise can control age related respiratory muscles function changes in elderly.
Structural and ultrastructural analysis of embryonic development of Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) (Characiforme; Prochilodontidae)

Summary This survey was performed to characterize the embryogenesis of Prochilodus lineatus. Seven stages of embryo development were identified – zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, larval and hatching – after a period of incubation of 22 h (24 °C) or 14 h (28 °C). The following cleavage pattern was identified: the first plane was vertical (2 blastomeres); the second was vertical and perpendicular to the first (4 blastomeres); the third was vertical and parallel to the first (4 × 2); the fourth cleavage was vertical and parallel to the second (4 × 4); the fifth was vertical and parallel to the first (4 × 8); and the sixth cleavage was horizontal (64 blastomeres). At the blastula stage (3.0–4.0 h (24 °C); 1.66–2.0 h (28 °C)) irregular spaces were detected and periblast structuring was initiated. At the gastrula stage (4.0–8.0 h (24 °C); 3.0–6.0 h (28 °C)) the epiboly, convergence and cell movements, as well as the formation of embryonic layers, had begun. The segmentation stage (10.0–15.0 h (24 °C); 7.0–10.0 h (28 °C)) was characterized by a rudimentary formation of organs and systems (somites, optic vesicle and intestinal delimitation). The embryo at the larval stage (16.0–21.0 h (24 °C); 11.0–13.0 h (28 °C)) showed a free tail, more than 25 somites, an optic vesicle and a ready-to-hatch larval shape. The blastomeres at cleavage stage had disorganized nuclei indicating high mitotic activity. At gastrula, the blastomeres and the periblast had euchromatic nuclei and a large number of mitochondria and vesicles. The yolk was organized into globose sacs, which were dispersed into small pieces prior to absorption.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Aspects

Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GCOP) is the most common cause of osteoporosis in adults aged 20–45 years as well as the most common cause of iatrogenic osteoporosis. GC excess, either endogenous or exogenous, induces bone loss in 30–50% of cases. Indeed, bone loss leading to fractures is perhaps the most incapacitating, sometimes partially irreversible, complication of GC therapy. Nevertheless, GCOP is often underdiagnosed and left untreated. The following article provides an update on the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of GC-induced bone loss, as well as some guidelines on diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic strategies for this medical condition, in an effort to promote a better knowledge and greater awareness of GCOP by both the patient and the physician.
SUIT : a methodology and framework for Selection of User Interface development Tools

This thesis describes the findings of an industrial survey that identified the context of use for software development projects. This context of use is parameterised and combined with a categorisation of UIDT functionality to produce an extensible and tailorable reference model or framework for UIDT evaluation and selection. An accompanying methodology - which together with the framework is known as SUIT (Selection of User Interface Development Tools) - guides the use of the framework such that project-specific context of use can be modelled and thereafter systematically considered during UIDT selection. This thesis proposes that such focussed and documented consideration of context of use during UIDT selection increases the quality of a selection decision and therefore facilitates reuse of UIDT evaluation and selection results. An evaluative study is described which demonstrates the effectiveness and viability of the SUIT framework and methodology as a paper-based UIDT evaluation facility. The same study also identifies the need for a computer-based tool to support the management of UIDT evaluation data and to assist its comparison and analysis. Experiences with this study, the results of the industrial study, and the structure of the framework and methodology provided input into a set of requirements for a computer-based visualisation environment that supports the comparison and analysis of UIDT data. The SUIT data visualisation environment and its qualitative evaluation are described. The evaluation results identify the usefulness and practicability of the SUIT approach when supported by the visualisation environment. They also suggest a number of refinements and extensions to the tool. The results provide an initial corpus of knowledge regarding practical strategies used by evaluators to compare and analyse UIDT evaluation data. These strategies are modelled using a novel purpose-built graphical notation that focuses on sequencing, flexibility, and patterns of activity.
Comment on "Buffered Tree Population Changes in a Quaternary Refugium: Evolutionary Implications"

Tzedakis et al . ([1][1]) reconfirmed the traditional, historic biogeographical model of temperate species in Europe. Under this model, temperate-adapted species survived the long unfavorable episodes of the Pleistocene glacials in refugial areas, and then expanded their ranges during interglacial
The Movements of the Mandibular Inter-Articular Disc

was entirely secondary to condylar movement. However, the shape of the disc itself indicates certain patterns of movement and these are now considered briefly. Lubrication: The anterior and posterior wedge shape of the disc maintains convergent synovial films. Levelling: Fick (1911). noted that a flattening of the disc took place as it passed on to the eminence and Ashton & Zuckerman (1954) have noted the
Title : Different Effects of Bifeprunox , Aripiprazole , and Haloperidol on Body Weight Gain , Food and Water Intake , and Locomotor Activity in Rats Running title : Bifeprunox-induced decreases in body weight and locomotor activity

Following on the success of Aripiprazole with its high clinical efficacy and minimal side effects, further antipsychotic drugs (such as Bifeprunox) have been developed based on the same dopamine D2 partial agonist pharmacological profile as Aripiprazole. However clinical trials of Bifeprunox have found differing results to that of its predecessor, without the same significant clinical efficacy. This study has therefore investigated the different effects of 10 week treatment with Aripiprazole (0.75 mg/kg, 3 times per day), Bifeprunox (0.8 mg/kg, 3 times per day) and Haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, 3 times per day) on body weight gain, food and water intake, white fat mass, and 8 week treatment on locomotor activity. Treatment with Bifeprunox was found to significantly reduce all of the measured parameters except white fat mass compared to the control group. However, Aripiprazole and Haloperidol treatment reduced water intake compared to the control, without any significant effects on the other measured parameters. These findings further demonstrate the potential pharmacological differences between Aripiprazole and Bifeprunox, and identify potential weight loss side effects and increased anxiety behaviour with Bifeprunox treatment.
Distribution of human papilloma virus type 16 E6/E7 gene mutation in cervical precancer or cancer: A case control study in Guizhou Province, China

HPV‐16 varies geographically and is correlated with cervical cancer genesis and progression. This study aimed to determine the distribution of HPV‐16 E6/E7 genetic variation in patients with invasive cervical cancer or precancer in Guizhou Province, China. A case‐control study was designed, and the distribution of HPV‐16 E6/E7 genetic variation was compared among women with cervical cancer, precancer, and sexually active without cervical lesion. HPV infection was detected through flow‐through hybridization and gene chip techniques to determine the prevalence of HPV 16 E6/E7 genetic variation. Among 90 specimens (30 cervical cancer, 30 precancer, 30 controls), 81 were subjected to HPV‐16 E6/E7 gene sequencing. The rates of DNA sequence mutation and amino acid mutation were 76.5% (62/81) and 66.7% (54/81), respectively. Both E6 and E7 genes showed higher mutation rate than their prototypes. The prevalence of E6/E7 mutation significantly differed between the cervical cancer and the controls (P < 0.05) and between the cervical precancer and the controls (P < 0.05). Mutations were simultaneously detected at the E6‐D32E (T96A) and E7‐M28V (A82G)/L94P (T281C) sites of the amino acid sequence. The most common genetic variation was D32E/M28V/L94P, which accounted for 35.8% of the cases (29/81). D32E/M28V/L94P mutation was higher in the cervical cancer and precancer compared with the prototype. HPV‐16 E6/E7 genetic variations, such as D32E/M28V/L94P, are more prevalent in cervical cancer or precancer than those in the controls. The possible correlation between genetic variation and cancerigenesis may be used to design an HPV vaccine for cervical carcinoma. J. Med. Virol. 88:345–350, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concise Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Novel Unsaturated Acyclic Pyrimidine Nucleosides

Novel acyclic nucleoside analogues were designed and synthesized as open-chain analogues of neplanocin A. The coupling of the allylic bromide with pyrimidine bases using cesium carbonate afforded a series of novel acyclic nucleosides. The synthesized compounds 15–22 were evaluated for their antiviral activity against various viruses such as HIV, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HCMV.
Psychiatric Illness and Virologic Response in Patients Initiating Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Background:Mental illness (MI) and substance abuse (SA) are common in HIV-positive patients. MI/SA consistently predict poorer antiretroviral adherence, suggesting that affected patients should be at higher risk of poor virologic and immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Participants:198 HAART-naive patients initiated HAART at an academic medical center serving a heterogeneous population. Methods:Participants were assigned a predicted probability from 0 to 1 of having each of the following: (1) any mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder; (2) clinically relevant depression; (3) alcohol abuse/dependence; and (4) drug abuse/dependence. Probabilities were based on responses to questions on an MI/SA screening instrument (Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Symptoms Screener [SAMISS]) and other clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and were derived using predictive logistic regression modeling from a separate validation study of the SAMISS compared with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnoses. Using survival analysis techniques, we assessed baseline predicted probability of psychiatric illness as a predictor of time from HAART initiation to virologic suppression (first viral load [VL] <400 copies/mL), from HAART initiation to overall virologic failure (first VL ≥400 copies/mL after suppression, time set to 0 for patients never achieving suppression), from virologic suppression to virologic rebound (first VL ≥400 copies/mL), and from HAART initiation to immunologic failure (first CD4 cell count lower than baseline). Results:A higher predicted probability of any psychiatric disorder was associated with a slower rate of virologic suppression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.86 per 25% increment, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75 to 0.98) and a faster rate of overall virologic failure (aHR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.40). Associations with other outcomes were consistent in direction but not statistically significant. Predicted probability of depression was associated with slower virologic suppression (aHR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.98), and predicted probabilities of alcohol and drug abuse/dependence was associated with faster overall virologic failure (aHR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.74 and aHR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.39, respectively). Conclusions:These results are consistent with an inferior virologic response to first HAART among patients with concurrent mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, suggesting a clinical benefit to identification and treatment of psychiatric illness among patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.
The human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 and truncated variants induce segregation of lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane of Candida albicans

Abstract The human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 and several truncated variants differ in their capability to transmigrate over the plasma membrane of Candida albicans. We investigated whether retention at the cell perimeter or membrane transmigration affects their membrane-disrupting activities and candidacidal properties. Using fluorescein-labeled peptides, we demonstrate that LL-37 and its C-terminally truncated peptide LL-31 remain permanently associated with the perimeter of the cell. The N-terminally truncated peptide RK-31 initially accumulated at the cell boundary, but transmigrated into the cytoplasm within 30 min. The C-terminally truncated peptide LL-25 transmigrated instantaneously into the cytoplasm. The ultrastructural effects on the plasma membrane were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy combined with filipin cytochemistry. All peptides, whether they transmigrated over the plasma membrane or not, induced phase separation in the plasma membrane. All peptides induced leakage of cell components, including nucleotides and proteins. Proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE in combination with mass spectrometry, which revealed that predominantly proteins smaller than 50 kDa had leaked out of C. albicans.
Three dimensional flow development in the wake of elongated bluff bodies

The results from Floquet stability analysis of the flow around nominally two-dimensional long plates with elliptical leading edges and blunt trailing edges are presented, elucidating the early stages of wake transition to turbulent flow. Three modes of instability are found: Mode A, Mode B and a period doubling mode. The first two of these also occur in wake transition for circular cylinders and square cross-sectioned cylinders. For sufficiently large aspect ratio, Mode B is found to be the dominant instability mode. This research indicates the generic turbulence transition scenario suggested for circular twodimensional bodies does not apply to all two-dimensional bluff bodies.
Five Principles for Crowd-Source Experiments in Face Recognition

The past few years have seen impressive gains inlong standing and difficult problems in face recognition. Thesegains have come about through the use of deep learning algorithmsthat consist of multi-layered neural networks. In part,the success of these algorithms is due to the easy availability ofextremely large datasets of faces that are annotated and labelledby humans. The reliance on crowd-sourced data for machinelearning and algorithm evaluation raises methodological issuesthat are not widely appreciated in computer vision. Several ofthese issues have come to light in recent work using crowdsourcing to benchmark human face identification on largedatabases that are used to test face recognition algorithms. Wedefine and discuss these issues using face recognition as a casestudy. We focus on: a. ) the characteristics of the human participants;b. ) the difference between aggregate and fused measuresof human accuracy; and c. ) the lack of standard methods forcontrolling critical characteristics of the “imposter” distributionin large and variably diverse data sets. We will show thatestimates of human accuracy can vary widely depending on howthese factors combine in any given evaluation.We conclude withrecommendations on best practices in mitigating this variabilityand arriving at stable estimates of ground truth acquired bycrowd-sourcing.
Cognitive functionality of older men in St. Catherine, Jamaica

Background: The scientific literature is replete with factors that influence the cognitive functionality of older men but no such study has been done in Jamaica. Aims: In this study we report our findings on the cognitive functionality of three cohorts of older men in a rural area. This is the first data published on the cognitive functionality of older men from Jamaica. Material and Method: The investigation was carried out with the administration of a 132-item questionnaire. The measure includes items on demographics, retirement and health status, the seeking and avoidance of medical care, health treatment, medication use, childhood illness, happiness and the mini-mental status examination. The measure was given to 2,000 men 55 years and older who were randomly selected from St. Catherine. Results: The multivariate analysis of the model revealed three significant determinants of cognitive functionality: Age (OR = 0.346, 95% CI = 0.206, 0.582), social support (OR = 0.683, 95% CI = 0.443, 1.053) and having children (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.130, 5.183). There is a negative relationship between age and cognitive functionality and a positive relationship between having children and cognitive functionality. Conclusions: Our main conclusions are that the two significant determinants of cognitive functionality of older men (age and having children) in Jamaica are unique given the many determinants of cognitive functioning cited in the scientific literature. The plethora of factors points to the need for further research to understand the range of factors that influence the cognitive functionality of older Jamaicans.