Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attenuation and directional spreading of ocean wave spectra in the marginal ice zone

A theoretical model is used to study wave energy attenuation and directional spreading of ocean wave spectra in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). The MIZ is constructed as an array of tens of thousands of compliant circular ice floes, with randomly selected positions and radii determined by an empirical floe size distribution. Linear potential flow and thin elastic plate theories model the coupled water–ice system. A new method is proposed to solve the time-harmonic multiple scattering problem under a multidirectional incident wave forcing with random phases. It provides a natural framework for tracking the evolution of the directional properties of a wave field through the MIZ. The attenuation and directional spreading are extracted from ensembles of the wave field with respect to realizations of the MIZ and incident forcing randomly generated from prescribed distributions. The averaging procedure is shown to converge rapidly so that only a small number of simulations need to be performed. Far-field approximations are investigated, allowing efficiency improvements with negligible loss of accuracy. A case study is conducted for a particular MIZ configuration. The observed exponential attenuation of wave energy through the MIZ is reproduced by the model, while the directional spread is found to grow linearly with distance. The directional spreading is shown to weaken when the wavelength becomes larger than the maximum floe size.
Girl power: the European marriage pattern and labour markets in the North Sea region in the late medieval and early modern period1

This article argues that the European Marriage Pattern (EMP) has played a fundamental role in western Europe’s economic development. The EMP emerged in north-western Europe in the late medieval period as a result of the preaching of the Catholic Church promoting marriage based on consensus, the rise of labour markets, and specific institutions concerning property transfers between generations that encouraged wage labour by women. It resulted in a demographic regime embedded in a highly commercial environment, in which households interacted frequently with labour, capital, and commodity markets.We also discuss possible long-term consequences for human capital formation and institution building.
Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of commercial rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

Stojanovic-Radic, Z. , Nesic, M. , Comic, Lj. , Radulovic, N. : Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity ofcommercial rosemary oil ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Biologica Nyssana, 1 (1-2), December 2010: 83-88. Rosemary is well known as a spice and widely used plant in ethnomedicine worldwide. In this paper,commercial essential oil of rosemary was tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity together with itseffect on germination. Antimicrobial activity testing showed moderate effect to both G-positive and Gnegativebacteria. In order to determine its effect to the cell membrane, spectrophotometric analysis wasperformed. It was determined that rosemary affects the cell membrane of bacteria. Cytotoxic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil had been evaluated. As a plant object, germinative bulbs of Allium cepa were used. Cytotoxic activity that corresponded to the concentration of essential oil was determined. It hadbeen noticed that rosemary essential oil affected mitotic phase i.e. it significantly slowed down the mitosis.Also, investigation of rosemary essential oil's activity to germination was performed. It was determined thatit had high effect to the germination. Concentration of 5 mg/ml completely inhibited the germination ofTriticum vulgare. Key words : essential oil, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, effect on germination
Contextually Addressing the Complexity of Women’s Use of Force: Emergent Research and Practice Trends

Introduction: Laying the Groundwork This draft is intended to stimulate discussion regarding research about and programming responses to women’s use of force in their intimate relationships. The final product will be a book chapter regarding the information below that integrates participant feedback.  Changes the Criminal Justice System (CJS) have made are in response to battered women's advocates, members of the feminist movement, and research promoting the deterrence aspects of proor mandatory arrest policies (Sherman & Berk, 1984; Sherman, 1992) over the past several decades, particularly the implementation of mandatory (or presumptive) arrest policies requiring arrest if probable cause exists that an act of violence occurred.
Site-Specific Contributions of Glutamine-Dependent Regulator GlnR and GlnR-Regulated Genes to Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae

ABSTRACT The transcriptional regulator GlnR of Streptococcus pneumoniae is involved in the regulation of glutamine and glutamate metabolism, controlling the expression of the glnRA and glnPQ-zwf operons, as well as the gdhA gene. To assess the contribution of the GlnR regulon to virulence, D39 wild-type and mutant strains lacking genes of this regulon were tested in an in vitro adherence assay and murine infection models. All of the mutants, except the ΔglnR mutant, were attenuated in adherence to human pharyngeal epithelial Detroit 562 cells, suggesting a contribution of these genes to adherence during the colonization of humans. During murine colonization, only the ΔglnA mutant and the glnP-glnA double mutant (ΔglnAP) were attenuated, in contrast to ΔglnP, indicating that the effect is caused by the lack of GlnA expression. In our pneumonia model, only ΔglnP and ΔglnAP showed a significantly reduced number of bacteria in the lungs and blood, indicating that GlnP is required for survival in the lungs and possibly for dissemination to the blood. In intravenously infected mice, glnP and glnA were individually dispensable for survival in the blood whereas the ΔglnAP mutant was avirulent. Finally, transcriptome analysis of the ΔglnAP mutant showed that many genes involved in amino acid metabolism were upregulated. This signifies the importance of glutamine/glutamate uptake and synthesis for full bacterial fitness and virulence. In conclusion, several genes of the GlnR regulon are required at different sites during pathogenesis, with glnA contributing to colonization and survival in the blood and glnP important for survival in the lungs and, possibly, efficient transition from the lungs to the blood.
Value Implications of the Proportion of Non-Operating Income

The Senate Committee that investigated Enron’s collapse suggests that analysts misled the public by ignoring signals like the firm’s high proportion of non-operating income. The analysts denied intentional deceit, alleging instead that they were fooled by Enron. This study examines the implications of a firm’s proportion of non-operating income for its information environment and its valuation. The objective is to ascertain whether market participants’ ability to value a firm decreases as the proportion of nonoperating income increases. The results show that non-operating income is associated with information asymmetry and overvaluation. These results apply to the pre- and post-Enron era, so analysts should be more critical about firms’ non-operating income.
Titan’s Clouds from Gemini and Keck Adaptive Optics Imaging

Using adaptive optics on the Gemini and Keck II telescopes, we found a thin haze and discrete clouds in Titan's south polar troposphere. The discrete clouds vary on timescales of a few hours. We propose a seasonal mechanism to explain the formation of this spring polar tropospheric haze. Assuming that the clouds are located in or above the haze, we suggest that convection within this haze layer triggers methane condensation; subsequent latent heat release leads to vigorous convection and formation of transient clouds. Our results have significant implications for planning the Cassini mission flybys of Titan.
Ichnotaxonomy, functional morphology and paleoenvironmental context of Mesosauridae tracks from Permian of Brazil

Subaqueous vertebrate traces are fairly common in fossil record, but there are few studies on the theme due to the difficulties in classification and interpretation. In Brazil, subaqueous tracks were recorded in rocks of Irati Formation (Lower Permian, Parana Basin). According to morphological features and interpreta- tion, the ichnofossils were designated as a new ichnotaxon, Mesosaurichnium natans igen. nov. et isp. nov., and attributed to the activities of basal reptiles Mesosauridae. Based on faciology, the ichnofossils possibly were produced in a lower shoreface affected by storm waves and do not correspond to the original sedimentary surface, which was covered by a thin layer of crustacean shelly fragments during the production of the tracks. The tracks were produced by mesosaurids during the swimming next to the bottom with the long tail maintain- ing the propulsion. The mesosaurids were able to use the tail as the main propelling organ for fast swimming under undulatory propulsion, but with the paddle-like pedes acting as important accessory propellant during oscillatory propulsion, conferring greater maneuverability during slow swimming. Resumo Icnotaxonomia, morfologia funcional e contexto paleoambiental de pegadas de Meso- sauridae do Permiano do Brasil. Pegadas subaquaticas de vertebrados sao relativamente comuns no re- gistro fossilifero, mas ha poucos estudos sobre o tema devido a dificuldade na classificacao e interpretacao. No Brasil, pegadas subaquaticas foram registradas na Formacao Irati (Permiano Inferior, Bacia do Parana). De acordo com caracteristicas morfologicas e interpretacao morfofuncional, os icnofosseis foram designados como um novo taxon, Mesosaurichnium natans igen. nov. et isp. nov., e atribuidos aos repteis basais da familia Mesosauridae. Com base na faciologia, os icnofosseis foram produzidos na area de transicao entre as zonas de supramare e intermare e nao corresponderiam a superficie original, pois essa encontrava-se coberta por uma fina camada de fragmentos de carapacas de crustaceos na ocasiao da formacao das pegadas. Os mesossauride- os teriam produzido essas pegadas durante a natacao proxima ao fundo, tendo a cauda como principal orgao propulsor. Eles seriam capazes de utilizar a cauda como o principal orgao de propulsao para natacao rapida sob propulsao ondulatoria, mas com o pe em forma de nadadeira atuando como um importante propulsor acessorio durante a propulsao oscilatoria, conferindo maior capacidade de manobra durante a natacao lenta. Palavras-chave: pegadas subaquaticas, natacao, Mesosauridae, Permiano, Bacia do Parana.
Analysis of a Splitting Scheme for Damped Stochastic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Multiplicative Noise

In this paper, we investigate the damped stochastic nonlinear Schr\"odinger(NLS) equation with multiplicative noise and its splitting-based approximation. When the damped effect is large enough, we prove that the solutions of the damped stochastic NLS equation and the splitting scheme are exponential stable and possess some exponential integrability. These properties lead that the strong order of the scheme is $\frac 12$ and independent of time. Meanwhile, we analyze the regularity of the Kolmogorov equation with respect to the equation. As a consequence, the weak order of the scheme is shown to be twice the strong order and independent of time.
Influence of multiple in-medium scattering processes on the momentum imbalance of reconstructed di-jets

Experimental data measured in sqrt(s)=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC show a significant enhancement of events with an unbalanced pair of reconstructed jet momenta in comparison with p+p collisions. This enhancement of momentum imbalance is supposed to be caused by the different momentum loss of the initial back-to-back di-partons by scatterings within the created dense medium. For investigating the underlying partonic momentum loss we employ the on-shell transport model BAMPS (Boltzmann Approach for Multi-Parton Scattering) for full heavy-ion collisions, which numerically solves the 3+1D Boltzmann equation based on 2->2 as well as inelastic 2 3 scattering processes, together with PYTHIA initial state conditions for the parton showers. Due to the employed test-particle approach jet reconstruction within BAMPS events is not trivial. We introduce a method that nevertheless allows the microscopic simulation of the full evolution of the shower particles, recoiled medium particles, and the underlying bulk medium in one common microscopic framework. With this method it is possible to investigate the role of the medium recoil for the momentum imbalance A_J while using well-established background subtraction algorithms. Due to the available particle information in configuration as well as momentum space within BAMPS, it is additionally possible to reproduce the entire evolution of the reconstructed jets within the medium. With this information we investigate the sensitivity of the jet momentum loss from the difference in the partonic in-medium path lengths.
Impact Assessment with Opt-in Treatments: Evidence from a rural development project in Nicaragua

In this study we conduct an impact evaluation of a complex rural development project in Central America with multiple treatments taking place simultaneously, purposive program placement and project participant freedom to opt in to project interventions. For this purpose we use propensity score matching difference-in-differences estimation, and compare results of this method with weighted propensity score regression and simple difference-in-differences estimation. We find short term project impacts in household savings, in participation in groups and associations, and in reduction of stored grain losses. However, we find no project impacts in long-term outcomes associated with increased agricultural income or household asset accumulation. These results are not surprising, since the project evaluation was conducted two years into a three-year project, before beneficiaries had realized its full benefits. Our study calls attention to the need of more research on linking short term to long-term impacts and on longer term strategies to evaluate impacts of agricultural technology.
Wealth Share Analysis with “Fundamentalist/Chartist” Heterogeneous Agents

We build a multiassets heterogeneous agents model with fundamentalists and chartists, who make investment decisions by maximizing the constant relative risk aversion utility function. We verify that the model can reproduce the main stylized facts in real markets, such as fat-tailed return distribution and long-term memory in volatility. Based on the calibrated model, we study the impacts of the key strategies’ parameters on investors’ wealth shares. We find that, as chartists’ exponential moving average periods increase, their wealth shares also show an increasing trend. This means that higher memory length can help to improve their wealth shares. This effect saturates when the exponential moving average periods are sufficiently long. On the other hand, the mean reversion parameter has no obvious impacts on wealth shares of either type of traders. It suggests that no matter whether fundamentalists take moderate strategy or aggressive strategy on the mistake of stock prices, it will have no different impact on their wealth shares in the long run.
Influence of Face-to-Face Facilitation on the Academic Performance of Postgraduate Diploma Students in Distance Education of the National Open University of Nigeria: Implications for Counselling

The study investigated the influence of face-to-face facilitation on the academic performance of Postgraduate students’ in Distance Education of the National Open University of Nigeria. The study adopted an Ex-post facto research design. The sample consisted of 268 (134 facilitated students and 134 non-facilitated students). The instrument for data collection consisted of 2013/ 2014 first semester examination course result grades in four courses offered in the Postgraduate Diploma in Distance Education. The face, content and construct validities of these examinations were established by External examiners in the four subject areas appointed by the National Open University of Nigeria senate. The PGDDE examination course result grades were analysed using of t –test for independent samples at 0.05 level of significance. The finding showed that there were no statistically significant influence of face-to-face facilitation on the academic performance in Psychology of learning, Measurement and Evaluation and Good study Guide of facilitated postgraduate students’ and non-facilitated students. But face-to-face facilitation has a statistically significant influence on the academic performance in Sociology of Education between facilitated and non-facilitated students. The study recommended that since face-to-face facilitation seems to be ineffective mode of facilitation with PGDDE students, online modes of ODL facilitations should be made available on demand. Student counsellors should orient students on the two modes of facilitations so as to enable the students take informed decision based on their individual learning styles
Straw persistence and nutrient release from crambe abyssinica according to the time of management.

The production and maintenance of plant residues on soil surface as well as the dynamics of nutrient release are fundamental to the success of no-tillage system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the persistence and nutrient release from crambe straw in the municipality of Dourados, State of Mato Graso do Sul, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Grande Dourados located at 54° 56' W and 22° 12' S, 452 m above sea level. The experimental design used complete randomized blocks with five replications. Treatments consisted of two management times (flowering and harvest) combined with 5 sampling times after management: 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The dry matter produced by the crambe plants cut at flowering and at harvest is insufficient to properly cover soil surface under no-tillage system. The crambe straw cut at flowering shows high macronutrient levels and low decomposition (low C:N ratio). Conversely, cutting plants at harvest leads to low macronutrient levels and high persistence on soil surface (high C:N ratio). Persistence of crambe residues from plants cut at flowering is low, but straw yield at harvest is high. Potassium, magnesium and sulphur are released from residues right after the cutting of plants; on the other hand, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus are released later.
Knowledge and socio-demographic factors about colorectal cancer screening: cross sectional analysis the west of Iran

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in developed countries and the third one in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge on colorectal cancer and the related background factors in the urban population aged over 50 years in the western of Iran. This study was of descriptive cross-sectional type which was conducted among 500 individuals aged over 50 years in city Ravansar were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. Data collected by questioner and were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using independent t-test, ANOVA and correlation statistical tests at 95% significant level. The mean age of respondents was 58.32 years [95% CI: 57.7, 58.9], ranged from 50 to 73 years. Only 4.7 percent of the participants knew what colorectal cancer was and what its screening methods were. The mean score of knowledge construct about colorectal cancer among the participants was 5.72 with standard deviation of ±2.57. Furthermore, knowledge of cervical cancer was significant association with sex, educational level and positive family history of colorectal cancer. In addition, knowledge about colorectal cancer was significantly related to the age (r= -0. 095 & P=0.040). Based on our result, it seems that designing and implementation of educational programs to improve knowledge about colorectal cancer among population is necessary.
The Forward- and the Equity-Premium Puzzles: Two Symptoms of the Same Illness?

In this paper we revisit the relationship between the equity and the forward premium puzzles. We construct return-based stochastic discount factors under very mild assumptions and check whether they price correctly the equity and the foreign currency risk premia. We avoid log-linearizations by using moments restrictions associated with euler equations to test the capacity of our return-based stochastic discount factors to price returns on the relevant assets. Our main finding is that a pricing kernel constructed only using information on American domestic assets accounts for both domestic and international stylized facts that escape consumption based models. In particular, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that the foreign currency risk premium has zero price when the instrument is the own current value of the forward premium.
Effect of nitrogen on growth, biomass and oil composition of clary sage ( Salvia sclarea Linn.) under mid hills of north western Himalayas

A pot experiment was conducted during 2008-2009 at CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India to study the effect of nitrogen on growth, biomass and oil composition of clary sage (Salvia sclarea Linn.). In this study, growth parameters, viz. plant height, number of leaves, canopy spread and yield attributing characters like inflorescence length, plant biomass as well as oil composition were investigated. Besides this, quality evaluation was also done. Five doses of N application, viz. control, No nitrogen (T1), 1.5 g N/plant (T2), 3.0 g N/plant (T3), 4.5 g N/plant (T4) and 6.0 g N/plant (T5) were tested. Eighteen constituents were found in T1, 17 in T2, 21 in T3, 16 in T4 and 18 in T5, which are major in percentage and representing 86.24, 82.57, 93.23, 81.96 and 83.51% of the oil composition, respectively. Clary sage responded to N application up to 3.0 g N/plant and recorded significantly higher leaf, flower and total biomass/plant than other treatments. Likewise high content of linalyl acetate (32.11%) and linalool (19.10%) was recorded in this treatment.
Completing education and the timing of births and marriage: findings from a birth-month experiment in Sweden

We investigate the timing of fertility and marriage as it depends on educational attainment utilizing a birth-month experiment in Sweden that leads to exogenous variation in the age at completing schooling. Our analysis finds that the difference of 11 months in the age at school-leaving between women born in two consecutive months, December and January the following year, implies a delay in the age at first birth of 4.9 months. This effect of delayed graduation also persists for second births and the age at first marriage, but it does not affect completed fertility or the overall probability to marry prior to age 45.