Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New aspects of lithostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of late Proter- ozoic to early Cambrian rocks of the southern Damara Belt and their corre- lation with the central and northern Damara Belt and the Gariep Belt

Results from stratigraphic studies in the southern Damara Belt allow detailed correlations between the metamorphic Damara Sequence of the internal Hakos Terrane, and low-grade to non-metamorphic units of the external Naukluft Nappe Complex and foreland succession. The oldest units comprise the Bitterwater, Doornpoort, Klein Aub and Eskadron Formations which were previously included in the pre-Damara Sinclair Sequence, but are now grouped into a new major, lowermost division of the Damara Sequence, the Tsumis Group. They are followed by the Nosib Group, which forms the base of the Damara Sequence elsewhere in the Damara Belt. Metamorphic units of the Kudis and Vaalgras Subgroups (Hakos Group) are shown to represent deep-water facies equivalents of dominantly shallow-water marine carbonate-bearing units of the Naukluft Nappe Complex, the Court and Buschmannsklippe Formations of the new Witvlei Group (Hegenberger, in prep.), and the lower Nama Kuibis Subgroup. Two discrete glaciogenic units, represented by the older Blaubeker Formation and the younger Naos and Blasskrans Formations, are recognized. Stratigraphic evidence from the Gariep Belt indicates correlation of the basal Stinkfontein Group with the Nosib Group and of the overlying Hilda Subgroup and the Holgat Formation with the Kudis Subgroup-Court Formation and the lower Vaalgras Subgroup-Buschmannsklippe Formation and their stratigraphic equivalents in the Naukluft Nappe Complex, respectively. The lower Kaigas Formation tillite occurs in a stratigraphic position corresponding to that of the Blaubeker tillite, while the upper Numees Formation is shown to be a correlate of the Naos and Blasskrans Formations. Correlations between the southern Damara Belt and the central and northern Damara Belt indicate that the Kudis Subgroup and Court Formation are to be correlated with the Khomas Subgroup, comprising the Karibib Formation, the Tinkas Formation, and the older, pre-tectonic parts of the Kuiseb Formation in the Swakop and northern Khomas Terranes, and the Tsumeb Subgroup of the northern foreland and Owambo Basin. The Blaubeker Formation tillite thus corresponds to the Chuos Formation, while the Naos Formation, which has been traditionally equated with the Chuos Formation, is believed to be much younger and to correspond to the regional unconformity which separates the Tsumeb Subgroup from the overlying Mulden Group. Accordingly, it is suggested that the latter is stratigraphically equivalent to the Vaalgras Subgroup and Buschmannsklippe Formation of the upper Witvlei Group and, probably, also the Kuibis Subgroup of the lower Nama Group. Stratigraphic equivalents of these units in the central metamorphic zones of the Damara Belt are believed to be the younger, syn-tectonic parts of the Kuiseb Formation of the Khomas Terrane.
Human Development Indices: Old and New

In October 2010, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) disseminated the revised methodology of the Human Development Index (HDI) and added three indices, namely, Inequality in Human Development Index (IHDI), the Gender Inequality Index (GII) and the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to the family of human development indices. These changes were justified on grounds of measuring deprivation, poverty and inequality in the state of human development within and across countries. This paper compares the estimated HDI using the old and new (revised) methodology, and examines the feasibility of constructing the new human development indices (IHDI, GII and MPI) in the states of India. Results indicate that the value of HDI computed using the new methodology is substantially lower than that computed with the old methodology cutting across the states. However, the overall ranks of the states in the new and old HDI are similar. The computation of life table for socioeconomic groups would be helpful to disaggregate HDI and IHDI. The MPI can be computed using data from the National Family and Health Survey-3, but it needs considerable improvement in the conceptualisation and contextualisation of multi-dimensional poverty indicators.
Improved analytical model for predicting the magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent-magnet machines

A general analytical technique predicts the magnetic field distribution in brushless permanent magnet machines equipped with surface-mounted magnets. It accounts for the effects of both the magnets and the stator windings. The technique is based on two-dimensional models in polar coordinates and solves the governing Laplacian/quasi-Poissonian field equations in the airgap/magnet regions without any assumption regarding the relative recoil permeability of the magnets. The analysis works for both internal and external rotor motor topologies, and either radial or parallel magnetized magnets, as well as for overlapping and nonoverlapping stator windings. The paper validates results of the analytical models by finite-element analyses, for both slotless and slotted motors.
Collective action from a distance: Distance shapes how people view victims of injustice and decreases willingness to engage in collective action

The present research examines whether distance affects not only how people view victims of injustice, but also group members’ willingness to engage in collective action. Across two experiments, examining both spatial (Experiment 1) and temporal (Experiment 2) distance, distant victims were seen as less familiar and more likely to be viewed at a relatively more superordinate level of identity (less in terms of subgroup identity) compared to near victims. In addition, participants were less willing to engage in collective action on behalf of distant victims, relative to near victims. Across studies, decreased collective action on behalf of distant victims, relative to near victims, was explained by the tendency to view victims in a more abstract way—as less familiar (Experiment 2) and at a more superordinate level (Experiments 1 and 2). Across both studies, results also demonstrated that participants were less willing to engage in collective action on behalf of out-group targets, relative to in-group targets, which was explained by perceptions of familiarity (Experiment 2). Implications for collective action and more broadly social change are discussed.
High-pressure structure and bonding in CaIrO3: The structure model of MgSiO3 post-perovskite investigated with time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction

Abstract The structure of CaIrO3 (Cmcm) has been refined at high pressure and at low temperature using time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data. Evidence supporting deviation from space group Cmcm to Cmc21 is inconclusive. As CaIrO3 (Cmcm) unit-cell volume changes, refinements indicate deformation of cation-centered coordination polyhedra, rather than tilting. Structure models demonstrate Ca2+-centered polyhedra are an order of magnitude more compressible than Ir4+-centered octahedra. Bond valence sums show significant chemical strain (over-bonding) of calcium and oxygen at ambient conditions. Implications for structure change in MgSiO3 post-perovskite are discussed and a method for predicting the Clapeyron slope between perovskite and post-perovskite phases is proposed based on extrapolation of the volume-ratio between cation-centered polyhedra.
Combining Registration and Fitting for Functional Models

A registration method can be defined as a process of aligning features of a sample of curves by monotone transformations of their domain. The aligned curves exhibit only amplitude variation, and the domain transformations, called warping functions, capture the phase variation in the original curves. In this article we precisely define a new type of registration process, in which the warping functions optimize the fit of a principal components decomposition to the aligned curves. The principal components are effectively the features that this process aligns. We discuss the relationship of registration to closure of a function space under convex operations, and define consistency for registration methods. We define an explicit decomposition of functional variation into amplitude and phase partitions, and develop an algorithm for combining registration with principal components analysis, and apply it to simulated and real data.
An Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Pulses in Haryana

Title of Thesis : An Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Pulses in Haryana Name of degree holder : Kamal Kumar Admission No. : 2015A07M Title of degree : Master of Science Name and address of Major : Dr. J. K. Bhatia (Asst. Scientist) Advisor Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (Haryana) India Degree awarding University/ : CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar Institute Year of Award of Degree : 2017 Major Subject : Agricultural Economics Total No. of Pages in the : 53+iii+XII Dissertation Number of words in the Abstract : 473
Schematic Representation Across Age and in Patients with vmPFC Lesions

This study tested the mechanism of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in representing schemata, be it excitatory or inhibitory. Participants were administered a behavioural task distinguishing their ability to activate a relevant schema from their ability to inhibit an irrelevant schema. Healthy participants were highly accurate throughout the task, indicating proficiency in both abilities. However, older adults demonstrated a need for greater cognitive resources to inhibit a previously relevant schema. Non-confabulating patients with vmPFC lesions acted similarly to control participants, while patients with vmPFC lesions with either current or prior demonstration of confabulation performed abnormally. Specifically, their inability to inhibit irrelevant schemata was more severe than their inability to activate a relevant one. The results suggest that the nature of vmPFC damage leading to confabulation may also be responsible for erroneous schema representations. A sub-region of the vmPFC is proposed to underlie the representation of schemata through semantic lateral inhibition.
Evolution of the sheared magnetic fields of two X class flares observed by Hinode XRT

We present multi-wavelength observations of the evolution of the sheared magnetic fields in NOAA Active Region 10930, where two X-class flares occurred on 2006 December 13 and December 14, respectively. Observations made with the X-ray Telescope (XRT) and the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) aboard Hinode suggest that the gradual formation of the sheared magnetic fields in this active region is caused by the rotation and west-to-east motion of an emerging sunspot. In the pre-flare phase of the two flares, XRT shows several highly sheared X-ray loops in the core field region, corresponding to a filament seen in the TRACE EUV observations. XRT observations also show that part of the sheared core field erupted, and another part of the sheared core field stayed behind during the flares, which may explain why a large part of the filament is still seen by TRACE after the flare. About 2 - 3 hours after the peak of each flare, the core field becomes visible in XRT again, and shows a highly sheared inner and less-sheared outer structure. We also find that the post-flare core field is clearly less sheared than the pre-flare core field, which is consistent with the idea that the energy released during the flares is stored in the highly sheared fields prior to the flare.
CONNECTANCE OF BRAZILIAN SOCIAL BEE - FOOD PLANT NET- WORKS IS INFLUENCED BY HABITAT, BUT NOT BY LATITUDE, ALTI- TUDE OR NETWORK SIZE.

Several recent studies suggest that the level of generalization (measured as percentage connectance) of plantpollinator networks has several ecological correlates, e.g. latitude and altitude. Here we report on levels of generalization in 27 two-mode networks of social bees and their food plants in various Brazilian habitats and urban environments. Social bees are generalist foragers and are among the most abundant flower visitors in Brazil. They probably account for 30-50% of all plant – flower visitor interactions. Connectance was significantly influenced by habitat. Cerrado forests showed lower connectance than the dry dune habitats, with Atlantic rain forest and urban sites taking intermediate position and arid Caatinga being similar to dunes. This shows that generalization in a plant – flower visitor community can be influenced by habitat even within a group of generalist flower visitors, in our case social bees. We show that the strength of the interactions is not different between Cerrado and semi-arid habitats (dunes and Caatinga) and discuss other explanations for our findings.
$KK$-theory as the $K$-theory of $C^*$-categories

Let complex C algebras be endowed with a norm-continuous action of a fixed compact second countable group. From a separable Calgebra A and a σ-unital C-algebra B, we construct a C-category Rep(A,B) and an isomorphism κ : K(Rep(A,B)) → KK(A,B), i ∈ Z2, where on the left-hand side are Karoubi’s topological K-groups, and on the right-hand side are Kasparov’s equivariant bivariant K-groups.
The effects of turbulent collision-coalescence on precipitation formation and precipitation-dynamical feedbacks in simulations of stratocumulus and shallow cumulus convection

Abstract. A double moment warm rain scheme that includes the effects of turbulence on droplet collision rates has been implemented in a large-eddy model to investigate the impact of turbulence effects on clouds and precipitation. Simulations of shallow cumulus and stratocumulus show that different precipitation-dynamical feedbacks occur in these regimes when the effects of turbulence are included in the microphysical processes. In both cases inclusion of turbulent microphysics increases precipitation due to a more rapid conversion of cloud water to rain. In the shallow convection case, the greater water loading in the upper cloud levels reduces the buoyancy production of turbulent kinetic energy and the entrainment. The stratocumulus case on the other hand shows a weak positive precipitation feedback, with enhanced rainwater producing greater evaporation, stronger circulations and more turbulence. Sensitivity studies in which the cloud droplet number was varied show that greater number concentrations suppress the stratocumulus precipitation leading to larger liquid water paths. This positive second indirect aerosol effect shows no sensitivity to whether or not the effects of turbulence on droplet collision rates are included. While the sign of the second indirect effect is negative in the shallow convection case whether the effects of turbulence are considered or not, the magnitude of the effect is doubled when the turbulent microphysics are used. It is found that for these two different cloud regimes turbulence has a larger effect than cloud droplet number and the use of a different bulk microphysics scheme on producing rainfall in shallow cumuli. However, for the stratocumulus case examined here, the effects of turbulence on rainfall are not statistically significant and instead it is the cloud droplet number concentration or the choice of bulk microphysics scheme that has the largest control on the rain water.
A Web-based Training Model of Enterprise Resources Planning for the Manufacturing Industry

Enterprise resources planning (ERP) is currently recognised as an effective manufacturing management information system that has an excellent planning and scheduling capability. It offers a dramatic increase in customer service, a significant gain in productivity, much higher inventory turns, and a greater reduction in material costs. Many manufacturing companies worldwide have attempted to implement ERP systems. However, there are various researchers who have reported failure cases; they identified training and learning of the ERP system is one of the major factors for the successful implementation of ERP. In this paper the authors attempt to overcome the lack of understanding and training of ERP in manufacturing industry. We propose an ERP training model which integrates with Web-based training to form the framework for training and learning. The model is simulated using System DynamicÐa powerful modeling and simulation methodology of Organization Learning and Training advocated by professor Forrester of MIT. The implementation of this model is described using an example from manufacturing industry. The results are illustrated with this lamp manufacturing company which indicated successful ERP implementation to achieve higher productivity and performances.
Merging and Migration of Two Meddies

In this study a scenario is developed of two adjacent Mediterranean Water eddies (meddies) as they were observed merging and drifting through the Iberian Basin. Observations are based on four RAFOS floats (at 850–1050 dbar), two hydrographic surveys (centered roughly at 38°N, 24°W), and trajectories of surface drifters (drogued at 100 m). In April 1991, the meddy A was identified and labeled by surface drifters. During the revisit one month later two meddies were encountered, B1 and B2, in the vicinity of the former meddy A. The coalescence of B1 (subsequently identified as A, one month older) and B2 is inferred from a simple kinematic model describing the observed movement of the RAFOS floats for up to three months after the second CTD survey. The deduced vorticity front, radius ∼15 km, within B1 was of insufficient strength to keep the core waters of B1 isolated and prevent the absorption of B1 by B2. The resulting meddy (B1 + B2) showed a clear near-surface dynamical signal. Its deep root (1800 m) could explain the expulsion from the meddy of the remaining RAFOS float and surface drifter at the time of the meddy's collision with the Josephine Seamount. For the first time, a set of Lagrangian and hydrographic observations give direct evidence that neighboring meddies can merge as predicted by theoretical considerations.
Factors behind exchange-traded derivatives products success

This paper empirically analyzes factors behind successful derivatives products in the emerging markets of the Asian region. Successful derivatives products are defined as contracts with high trade volume. The influencing factors are the size of the underlying spot market, the spot market volatility, the spot market liquidity, whether the derivatives product was the first contract introduced in the derivatives exchange, and whether the product was options or futures. We find that the size of the underlying spot market, the spot market volatility and the spot market liquidity have statistically significantly positive effect on the trading volume of the derivatives products. Moreover, if the derivatives product was the first derivatives product introduced in the exchange, it is more likely to be successful. Option contracts are relatively more successful than their respective futures contracts in terms of trading volume, which could be due to the costs associated with margin requirements.
Bench scale production of xanthan from date extract by Xanthomonas campestris in submerged fermentation using central composite design

In this research, xanthan production from date extract was done by using bacterium Xanthomonas campestris PTCC1473 in submerged fermentation (SmF). The impact of different initial concentrations of carbon (date extract) and nitrogen (NH 4 NO 3 ) sources on cell growth and xanthan production was evaluated. Inoculum (72 h) from the YMB medium was added to the substrate with defined chemical components (nitrogen, sugar, moisture, ash and pH) and incubated. Central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on production yield. The results indicate a decrease of cell growth in carbon source concentration up to 50 g/l. The highest cell growth and xanthan production were achieved at 40 g/l concentration of carbon source. The nitrogen source concentration did not cause a significant effect on cell growth; but the highest concentration of xanthan was produced in 0.2 g/l of nitrogen source. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen content had a significant impact on xanthan production. In the optimum condition, maximum concentration of produced xanthan yield and productivity was seen at 11.2 g/l and 8.19 g/kg.day, respectively. Key words : Xanthan, submerged fermentation, date extract, Xanthomonas campestris, central composite design.
Experiments on the structure and stability of mode-2 internal solitary-like waves propagating on an offset pycnocline

The structure and stability of mode-2 internal solitary-like waves is investigated experimentally. A rank-ordered train of mode-2 internal solitary waves is generated using a lock release configuration. The pycnocline is centred either on the mid-depth of the water column (the 0% offset case) or it is offset in the positive vertical direction by a fraction of 5%, 10%, or 20% of the total fluid depth. It is found that offsetting the pycnocline has little effect on the basic wave properties (e.g., wave speed, wave amplitude, and wavelength) but it does significantly affect wave stability. Instability takes the form of small K-H-like billows in the rear of the wave and small scale overturning in the core of the wave. In the 0% offset case, instability occurs on both the upper and lower interfaces of the pycnocline and is similar in extent and vigour over the two interfaces. As the offset percentage is increased, however, instability is more pronounced on the lower interface with little or no evidence of instability being observed on the upper interface. In the 20% offset case, a mode-1 tail is associated with the wave and the wave characteristics resemble qualitatively the recent field observations of Shroyer et al. [“Mode 2 waves on the continental shelf: Ephemeral components of the nonlinear internal wavefield,” J. Geophys. Res. 115, C07001, doi:10.1029/2009JC005605 (2010)].
A REVIEW FOR FORECASTERS ON THE APPLICATION OF HODOGRAPHS TO FORECASTING SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS

Basics of the hodograph are reviewed in order to acquaint (or re-acquaint) forecasters with this useful tool for diagnosis of vertical wind shear. This review makes use of existing operational programs for hodograph analysis, as well as presenting the principles underlying their use. A brief summary is given of the physical processes acting to create vertical wind shear. These processes provide the basis for interpretation of the hodograph and an understanding of them allows one to make subjective hodograph prognoses. Finally, an explanation for the concepts of streamwise vorticity and helicity is given, emphasizing the importance of viewing them in a storm-relative framework. A representative set of references is provided, as well, to guide the forecaster in developing enough understanding of hodographs to apply them to severe thunderstorm forecasting.
Sulfur fractions and retention mechanisms in forest soils.

The relevance of organosulfur formation and sulfate adsorption as S retention mechanisms in forest soils based upon the sulfur status of samples collected by horizon was investigated. Several forests of varying elevation, vegetation, location, and soil type were considered. Organic S was found to constitute over 78% of total S in the uppermost mineral (0–20 cm; A,E) horizons. This trend was also observed for both intermediate (20–40 cm; primarily A/B) and deeper (40+ cm; B,C) horizons, where organic S exceeded 65% of total S in all but one site examined. Adsorbed sulfate generally constituted only a minor component of the S pool in the uppermost mineral horizons (<13% of total S in all sites examined). This trend was also observed with increasing depth, although in the lowermost horizons adsorbed sulfate increased on a percentage basis. In almost all cases, the adsorbed anion constituted substantially less of the total S than did organic S, irrespective of depth. Carbon-bonded S was the most prevalent for.