Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerous Recurrent Trichilemmal Cysts of the Scalp: Differential Diagnosis and Surgical Management

AbstractTrichilemmal cysts are common benign soft tissue tumors that occur in hairy areas, especially the scalp, where they present themselves as solitary masses that could be easily treated by surgical excision followed by pathologic identification. It is unusual to find these benign masses in very large numbers in 1 scalp. In the current article, we describe a 43-year-old woman who presented with 51 scalp masses, some of which recurred after repetitive excisions somewhere else by different surgeons under local anesthesia. These masses involved only the scalp and spared all the face. The patient presented to our clinic for a radical solution to clear her scalp from the unaesthetic look and appearance that forbid her from exposing her head and for hygienic reasons relating to the foul smell of repeated previous recurrences and infections. Her clinical presentation is described, and the suggested differential diagnosis and management for such a patient is discussed.
Phylogeny of the phototrophic rhizobium strain BTAi1 by polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing of a 16S rRNA gene segment

A 260-bp segment of the DNA that encodes 16S rRNA, corresponding to positions 44 to 337 in the Escherichia coli sequence, was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced from each of 13 bacteria (rhizobia and purple phototrophs) in the alpha subdivision of the class Proteobacteria. The phylogenetic tree calculated from differences in the sequenced segment conforms well to our expectations based on other previously published data. The sequence from BTAi1 (a recently described phototrophic symbiont of the legume Aeschynomene) and that from the free-living phototroph Rhodopseudomonas palustris both fall within the range of variation found among strains of the soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum. This suggests that it would be appropriate to include all of these organisms in a single genus.
Predictive factors for longer length of stay in an emergency department: a prospective multicentre study evaluating the impact of age, patient's clinical acuity and complexity, and care pathways

Background It has been reported that emergency department length of stay (ED-LOS) for older patients is longer than average. Our objective was to determine the effect of age, patient's clinical acuity and complexity, and care pathways on ED-LOS and ED plus observation unit (EDOU) LOS (EDOU-LOS). Methods This was a prospective, multicentre, observational study including all patients attending in 2011. Age groups were: I, <50; II, ≥50–64; III, ≥65–74; IV, ≥75–84; V, ≥85 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Of 125 478 attendances, 20 845(16.6%) were of patients aged ≥65 years. Multivariate analysis found significant predictors for ED-LOS (C-statistics 0.79, p<0.0000001) to be: arrival mode (ambulance, OR 1.13 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.18)); acuity level (level 4, OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.28); level 1–3, OR 1.54 (95% CI 1.5 to 1.59)); haematological examinations (OR 3.34 (95% CI 3.15 to 3.56)); intravenous treatment (OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.47 to 1.69)); monitoring of vital signs (OR 1.89 (95% CI 1.69 to 2.10)); x-ray examinations (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.45 to 1.61)); CT/MRI/ultrasound (OR 2.60 (95% CI 2.39 to 2.82)); and specialist advice (OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.48)). For EDOU-LOS (C-statistics 0.81, p<0.0000001) we found: age group (II, OR 1.19 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.22); III, OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.46); IV, OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.65 to 1.74); V, 2.01 (95% CI 1.96 to 2.07)); acuity level (level 4, OR 1.31 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.35); level 1–3, OR 1.71 (95% CI 1.66 to 1.77)); haematological examinations (OR 7.81 (95% CI 7.23 to 8.43)); intravenous treatment (OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.12)); x-ray examinations (OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.85 to 2.06)); CT/MRI/ultrasound (OR 6.74 (95% CI 5.98 to 7.6)); specialist advice (OR 2.24 (95% CI 2.07 to 2.42)); admission to a medical or surgical ward (OR 0.61 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.68)); and transfer (OR 1.79 (95% CI 1.54 to 2.07)). Conclusions Whereas ED-LOS and EDOU-LOS seem to be directly related to patients’ acuity and complexity, notably the need for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, only EDOU-LOS was significantly associated with age and proposed care pathways. We propose that EDOU-LOS measurement should be made in EDs with an OU.
Intra‐aortic balloon pump placement following aorto‐iliac angioplasty and stent placement

Approximately 20% of patients are unable to receive an intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) due to aorto‐iliac atherosclerotic disease. Aorto‐iliac stenoses can be managed with angioplasty or stent placement; however, there are limited data about this strategy to facilitate IABP placement. Thirty‐seven IABPs were placed in 35 patients. A total of 45 revascularization procedures were performed. With revascularization, the minimal lumen diameter increased from 2.78 ± 1.46 to 6.75 ± 2.36 mm (P < 0.0001). Limb ischemia occurred following 2/37 (5%) IABP insertions. Limb ischemia was managed with IABP removal and angioplasty. The mortality rate was 32%. Mortality was more common with chronic renal insufficiency (8/11, 73%; P = 0.0014), dialysis‐dependent renal failure (3/3, 100%; P = 0.028), and presentation with acute myocardial infarction (8/15 patients, 53%; P = 0.036). Although no patients required vascular surgery for limb ischemia, one patient required surgery for bleeding. Angioplasty or stenting to facilitate IABP placement in patients with peripheral vascular disease is safe and effective. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:163–168. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
¿Es interactiva la enseñanza en la Educación Superior? La perspectiva del alumnado

This study shows the advantages of a style of teaching that is based on dialogue and interaction between students and teachers in the classroom. However, in Spain, interaction as a teaching-learning method is still little used. This paper investigates the status of this method in Higher Education in Spain. An exploratory study was carried out based on fifty in-depth interviews with students from all fields of knowledge in two Spanish universities. The results show that the usual teaching methods of university teaching in the Spanish are based on an expository model and very little use is made of interaction-based learning. There were also few interactive meetings for teaching-learning between students, and between students and the teaching staff outside of classroom time. The results also shows those aspects which both facilitate and hinder interaction. It can be concluded that there is an urgent need to introduce interaction-based teaching-learning practices into Spanish universities. Students demand a methodological change and those who have had some interactive experiences claim to have been more involved in their learning, to have gained a better understanding of the content, to have enjoyed the subject more, and to have obtained better academic results. Interaction-based teaching and learning practices by are essential in the improvement of teaching quality in Spanish higher education.
Co-creating Value in the Dyadic Relationships of Small and Large Firms in the Agri-food Sector

Abstract Given the increasing interest in the process of how value is co-created through interaction in business relationships, this paper examines the areas of collaboration, value co-creation practices and the respective co-created value in the dyadic relationships. Multiple case studies design involving in-depth interviews were undertaken with small and medium-sized suppliers (SMEs) of organic food in South West England with the dyadic relationship being the unit of analysis. The findings suggest that SME suppliers and their larger customers collaborate in many areas including: innovation, corporate social responsibility, planning and interactive learning. The collaboration led to co-creation of monetary and non-monetary values. This research advances the extant literature on value co-creation in business relationships by examining this complex phenomenon in the context of small and large firms’ dyads in the organic food sector. It is novel in identifying the linkage of the co-created value to the respective value co-creation practices and collaborative areas.
Radiation-induced up-regulation of telomerase in KG1a cells is influenced by dose-rate and radiation quality

Purpose : To examine the influence of dose, dose-rate and radiation quality on telomerase activity (TA) in the KG1a hematopoietic cell line. Materials and methods : KG1a cells were irradiated with γ-rays (0.5-5 Gy) at 0.025 Gy/min, 0.30 Gy/min and 1.57 Gy/min and with a neutron/ γ-ray field (5 Gy). Cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry. Proliferative capacity was studied by MTS assay and TA by PCR. Following 3Gy γ-irradiation, the expression of hTERT, hTR and TP1 genes was evaluated by RT-PCR. Results : Dose- and dose-rate-dependent telomerase activation with an increase in hTERT mRNA and a drop in hTP1 mRNA were observed after irradiation. Down-regulation of telomerase activity occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Although non-significant changes in short-term survival were observed after irradiation, late apoptosis became evident after G2/M arrest. Early repression of TA preceded telomerase activation in samples irradiated with a neutron/ γ-ray field, in which short-term survival was affected. Conclusions : Radiation-induced telomerase activation depends on dose-rate. High-LET and low-LET irradiations induce similar changes in TA that differ mainly in their kinetics and their magnitude. Changes in TA are not related to cell-cycle redistribution nor to the induction of cell death; they are the consequence of specific regulatory responses to ionizing radiation. Mechanisms including both transcriptional and post-translational control may be involved in this regulation.
Role of Obesity on the Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adults

Objective To investigate the role of obesity/overweight on the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL). Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Outpatient department of a community hospital. Subjects and Methods We collected 254 adult patients with SSHL from a community hospital. The odd ratios of body mass index (BMI) or obesity/overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) on the recovery of SSHL were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results There were 120 (47.2%) patients in the nonobesity group (BMI <25 kg/m2) and 134 (52.8%) patients in the obesity/overweight group (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). The complete and partial recovery rates were 10.0% and 49.2% in the nonobesity group and 9.7% and 47.0% in the obesity/overweight group, respectively. Univariate logistic regression showed that BMI had no significant association with recovery of SSHL (odds ratio [OR] of complete and partial recovery versus no recovery = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.965-1.113, P = .327). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that BMI (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.964-1.131, P = .292) was not significantly associated with the recovery of SSHL for all subjects, after adjusting for all considered variables. Also, obesity/overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) had no significant association with the recovery of SSHL. Conclusion Obesity/overweight would appear to have no significant effect on the prognosis of SSHL.
Does Internet Search Volume Predict Market Returns and Investors’ Trading Behavior?

Abstract The authors create a weekly investor sentiment index for Korea using Internet search volume, which directly reflects almost every household’s concerns about the market. In addition, they analyze how investor sentiment affects the aggregate market and investors’ trading behavior. The results show that the index predicts a positive future return reversal after 3 weeks, a temporary increase in volatility, and a shift in fund preferences from equity funds to money market funds that reverses after 3 weeks. Furthermore, an increase in the authors’ index coincides with individuals selling KOSDAQ-listed stocks and buying KOSPI-listed, large, or growth stocks but reversing course after 3 weeks in and out of sample. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that the authors’ sentiment index does not Granger-cause institutions’ attitudes but does Granger-cause individuals’ attitudes.
Actual financial comparison of four strategies to evaluate patients with potential acute coronary syndromes.

OBJECTIVES Small studies have shown that a negative computed tomography coronary angiogram (CTA) in low-risk chest pain patients predicts a low rate of 30-day adverse events. The authors hypothesized that an immediate CTA strategy would be as effective but less costly than alternative strategies for evaluation of patients with potential acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS The authors retrospectively compared four strategies for evaluation of patients after initial physician determination that the patient required admission and testing to rule out ACS. Patients were frequency-matched by age, race, gender, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) score, and initial electrocardiogram (ECG). The four groups were immediate CTA in the emergency department (ED) without serial markers (n = 98); clinical decision unit/observation unit (CDU) with biomarkers and CTA (n = 102); CDU evaluation with serial cardiac biomarkers and stress testing (n = 154); and usual care, defined as admission with serial biomarkers and hospitalist-directed evaluation (n = 289). The main outcomes were actual cost of care (facility direct and indirect fixed, facility variable direct labor and supply costs), length of stay (LOS), diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), and safety (30-day death or myocardial infarction [MII). RESULTS Patients in each group were of similar age (mean +/- standard deviation [SD] 46 +/- 9 years), race (62% African American), and gender (57% female) and had similar TIMI scores (100% between 0-2). Comparing immediate CTA versus CDU CTA versus CDU stress versus usual care, median costs were less ($1,240 vs. 2,318 vs. 4,024 vs. 2,913; p < 0.01), and LOS was shorter (8.1 hr vs. 20.9 hr vs. 26.2 hr vs. 30.2 hr; p < 0.01). Diagnosis of CAD was similar (5.1% vs. 5.9% vs. 5.8% vs. 6.6%; p = 0.95), but fewer patients had 30-day death/MI (0% vs. 0% vs. 0.7% vs. 3.1%; p = 0.04) or 30-day readmission (0% vs. 3.2% vs. 2.3% vs. 12.2%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Compared to the other strategies, immediate CTA was as safe, identified as many patients with CAD, had the lowest cost, had the shortest LOS, and allowed discharge for the majority of patients. Larger prospective studies should confirm safety before immediate CTA replaces other strategies to rule out possible ACS.
The Adaptor CARD9 Is Required for Adaptive but Not Innate Immunity to Oral Mucosal Candida albicans Infections

ABSTRACT Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC [thrush]) is an opportunistic infection caused by the commensal fungus Candida albicans. OPC is common in individuals with HIV/AIDS, infants, patients on chemotherapy, and individuals with congenital immune defects. Immunity to OPC is strongly dependent on the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17R axis, as mice and humans with defects in IL-17R signaling (IL17F, ACT1, IL-17RA) or in genes that direct Th17 differentiation (STAT3, STAT1, CARD9) are prone to mucocutaneous candidiasis. Conventional Th17 cells are induced in response to C. albicans infection via signals from C-type lectin receptors, which signal through the adaptor CARD9, leading to production of Th17-inducing cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23. Recent data indicate that IL-17 can also be made by numerous innate cell subsets. These innate “type 17” cells resemble conventional Th17 cells, but they can be activated without need for prior antigen exposure. Because C. albicans is not a commensal organism in rodents and mice are thus naive to this fungus, we had the opportunity to assess the role of CARD9 in innate versus adaptive responses using an OPC infection model. As expected, CARD9−/− mice failed to mount an adaptive Th17 response following oral Candida infection. Surprisingly, however, CARD9−/− mice had preserved innate IL-17-dependent responses to Candida and were almost fully resistant to OPC. Thus, CARD9 is important primarily for adaptive immunity to C. albicans, whereas alternate recognition systems appear to be needed for effective innate responses.
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON WELFARE IN INDONESIA

Studies into the impact of social capital on welfare are currently growing. However, studies for the case of the developing countries, including Indonesia, are still very rare. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the impact of social capital on welfare in Indonesia. In this study, social capital is measured by three indicators, namely, trust, cooperativeness and the social network (a person’s participation in community activities). Welfare is measured by household expenditure for food and non-food items. The data are acquired from the Indonesian Family Life Surveys for the years 2007 (IFLS4) and 2014 (IFLS5). This research uses instrumental variables to address the endogeneity issue on social networking (participation in community activities), which is a potential two-way causal relationship. It means that individuals with higher welfare (income) have a higher possibility of participating in community activities, since their participation in community activities is a leisure activity and the utilization of leisure is higher for higher-income people. Using the Instrumental Variables (IV) method and marital status as an instrument, the study found that social capital has a significant impact on welfare. An increased participation in community activities will improve ones welfare by 11.7 percent. Moreover, an increase of cooperativeness by one percent, would increase the welfare by 0.2 percent. On the other hand, trust has a negative relationship with welfare. It means that an increase in trust among individuals by one percent will cause household expenditure on food and non-food items to drop by 0.3 percent. It may imply that higher trust will cause lower transaction costs, which will reduce the expense of individuals buying food and non-food items. Since the coefficient of IV is larger than the coefficient in the OLS estimation, it indicates the absence of reversed causality. The results of this study have an implication for policy decision making which suggests that the policy decision makers should consider the impact of social capital on welfare and support the increase of individuals’ participating in community activities.
A Nationwide Outbreak of Salmonella Bovismorbificans Associated with Sprouted Alfalfa Seeds in Finland, 2009

Salmonella enterica serotype Bovismorbificans is a rare serotype in Finland. In June 2009, a nationwide outbreak of S. Bovismorbificans infections occurred, and 42 clinical isolates were identified. We conducted a case–control study enrolling 28 cases and 48 matched controls, and found ready‐to‐eat alfalfa sprouts associated with the infection (odds ratio = 35.2, 95% confidence interval 2.8–435). The sprouts were traced back to a domestic producer, with the seeds originating in Italy. Although finding microbiological evidence for sprouts as a source of this outbreak was very challenging, S. Bovismorbificans was finally found in sprouts germinated in the laboratory, and in soaking and rinse waters during the germination process. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed that these isolates were identical to the human outbreak isolates. Before sampling, it is important to mix the seeds well and to take several large‐size samples from different seed lots. Instead of analysing seeds, the analysis should be targeted to soaking or rinse water samples and to the sprouts germinated in a laboratory. Accordingly, the sprout producers should only buy seeds that have been analysed for Salmonella. The producers have to include Salmonella testing in their internal quality control to ensure that Salmonella is absent from sprouts placed on the market during their shelf‐life. In order to reduce the health hazard caused by sprouts, an effective and safe decontamination procedure should also be developed for the seeds.
Rotavirus Controls Activation of the 2′-5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase/RNase L Pathway Using at Least Two Distinct Mechanisms

ABSTRACT The innate immune response is the first line of defense of the host cell against a viral infection. In turn, viruses have evolved a wide variety of strategies to hide from, and to directly antagonize, the host innate immune pathways. One of these pathways is the 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L pathway. OAS is activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to produce 2′-5′ oligoadenylates, which are the activators of RNase L; this enzyme degrades viral and cellular RNAs, restricting viral infection. It has been recently found that the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of rotavirus VP3 has a 2′-5′-phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity that is able to functionally substitute for the PDE activity of the mouse hepatitis virus ns2 protein. This particular phosphodiesterase cleaves the 2′-5′-phosphodiester bond of the oligoadenylates, antagonizing the OAS/RNase L pathway. However, whether this activity of VP3 is relevant during the replication cycle of rotavirus is not known. Here, we demonstrate that after rotavirus infection the OAS/RNase L complex becomes activated; however, the virus is able to control its activity using at least two distinct mechanisms. A virus-cell interaction that occurs during or before rotavirus endocytosis triggers a signal that prevents the early activation of RNase L, while later on the control is taken by the newly synthesized VP3. Cosilencing the expression of VP3 and RNase L in infected cells yields viral infectious particles at levels similar to those obtained in control infected cells, where no genes were silenced, suggesting that the capping activity of VP3 is not essential for the formation of infectious viral particles. IMPORTANCE Rotaviruses represent an important cause of severe gastroenteritis in the young of many animal species, including humans. In this work, we have found that the OAS/RNase L pathway is activated during rotavirus infection, but the virus uses two different strategies to prevent the deleterious effects of this innate immune response of the cell. Early during virus entry, the initial interactions of the viral particle with the cell result in the inhibition of RNase L activity during the first hours of the infection. Later on, once viral proteins are synthesized, the phosphodiesterase activity of VP3 degrades the cellular 2′-5′-oligoadenylates, which are potent activators of RNase L, preventing its activation. This work demonstrates that the OAS/RNase L pathway plays an important role during infection and that the phosphodiesterase activity of VP3 is relevant during the replication cycle of the virus.