Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of subordinate–supervisor guanxi in Chinese joint ventures

Previous studies showed that guanxi is important for research in Chinese management and business activity. However, the concepts and nature of this practice in the context of China are not yet clear, because guanxi has various related meanings in Chinese society. In addition, only a limited number of researchers have studied this topic in the workplace. This study has the aims to describe and examine this construct in Chinese joint ventures. A model that links the construct of trust in a supervisor with subordinate–supervisor guanxi, together with antecedents of trust in an organization is proposed. The proposed model considers it as an antecedent of trust in a supervisor; procedural justice and job security as antecedents of trust in an organization. It further compares how trust in a supervisor and trust in an an organization affect the turnover-intention of workers. A data set consisting of 292 employees in joint ventures in Southern China was used to test the hypotheses. The results of LISREL (a widely available software package) supported the proposed model. Trust in an organization was found to have a stronger effect on employees' turnover intention than trust in a supervisor. The role of subordinate–supervisor guanxi at work in Chinese joint venture is examined and discussed. The findings of the present study provide practical implications for managing Chinese employees in joint ventures.
Intra‐ and interindividual variability of glucuronidation of paracetamol during repeated administration of propacetamol in neonates

Background: Major changes in drug clearance and metabolism are observed during infancy, in part based on ontogenic regulation of various metabolic pathways. Since paracetamol provides a good substrate to study UGT (1A6) activity, urinary metabolites of propacetamol were determined in neonates in whom propacetamol was repeatedly administered. Methods: Paracetamol glucuronide (APAP‐G), paracetamol sulphate (APAP‐S) and free paracetamol were determined in urine samples of neonates during repeated administration of propacetamol. Spearman rank and linear multiple regression (MedCalc®, Mariakerke, Belgium) were used to study the effect of postnatal age, of postconceptional age and of repeated administration on the relative contribution of APAP‐G to overall urine paracetamol (APAP‐G+APAP‐S+free paracetamol) elimination (G/T ratio). Results: 147 samples were collected in 23 neonates. Molar median G/T ratio was 14% (range 1–53). Besides increasing G/T ratio with increasing postnatal (p<0.0001) and postconceptional age (p<0.01), repeated administration (p<0.01) also correlated with an increasing G/T ratio, and repeated administration remained significant (p<0.01) after correction of postnatal and postconceptional age in a multiple regression model.
Ethics in business: The implications for the training of professional accountants in a South African setting

In the aftermath of numerous corporate scandals, there has been an increased focus on the ethical awareness of professional accountants and auditors. As a consequence, the efforts of universities to integrate ethics training into accounting curricula have come under scrutiny. Using a questionnaire based on seventeen short ethical scenarios, and two additional variables, gender and the importance of religion, this paper expands on the existing literature on the usefulness of formal ethics training at a tertiary level. The focus is specifically on the South African accounting education arena. The paper suggests that, in spite of the prevalence of such courses, a propensity for potentially unethical behaviour remains common. The research also finds that perceived importance of religion and gender may not be decisive factors for ethical awareness.
Differential subcellular distribution of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II isoforms in the striatum and NG108‐15 cells

Four subunits of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaM KII) have several isoforms, which differ in the variable domain. We previously reported that all subunits were highly expressed in rat striatal neurons. To examine intracellular distributions of CaM KII subunits in the rat striatal neurons, we performed immunoblot analysis with antibodies specific to each subunit in cell extracts from the rat striatum after continuous sucrose density gradient fractionation. The α subunit, but not the β, γ, or δ subunits, was colocalized with synapsin I, and each subunit showed a distinct distribution pattern in the fractions. To examine further the intracellular distributions of CaM KII isoforms in the same subunit, we established NG108‐15 cells stably expressing δ1, δ3, and δ4 isoforms and examined distributions of the δ and γ isoforms in these cell lines after fractionation. Each of the overexpressed exogenous δ isoforms showed a distinct distribution pattern. The endogenous δ2 was colocalized with the overexpressed δ1, δ3, and δ4 isoforms. However, the endogenous γB/γC isoforms were not colocalized with the overexpressed δ isoforms. Furthermore, the endogenous δ1 was concentrated in the microsomal fraction from the rat striatum. With the results taken together, it is suggested that CaM KII forms oligomers between isoforms in the same subunit but not in different subunits. The variable domain of CaM KII isoforms might possibly be responsible for targeting to certain intracellular compartments. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The telegraph, co-ordination of tramp shipping, and growth in world trade, 1870–1910

The growth of trade after 1860 has been attributed to declining tariffs, to falling transport costs, and, recently, to monetary arrangements. However, coincident with the rise of trade the second half of the nineteenth century saw the development of the first electric communication network: the telegraph. The first successful trans-oceanic cable was operating in 1865. The telegraph remained the only direct trans-oceanic communication link until into the twentieth century. Little research has been conducted explicitly linking the impact of telegraphs on international shipping and international trade. A panel is used to show that there is a correlation between the diffusion of the telegraph, co-ordination of shipping, and the growth of world trade even controlling for the impact of other well-studied effects. The telegraph reduced the time ships spent in port and allowed ships to travel farther among ports to collect more valuable cargo.
THE “WAGE CURVE” AND LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT: A CAUTIONARY NOTE*

This paper analyzes the effect of the long-term unemployed on the Blanchflower and Oswald (1990) "wage curve. " It is found using the 1982 General Household Survey that, contrary to Blanchflower and Oswald, the long-term unemployed do effectively drop out of the labor market. The "wage curve" effect remains but only in terms of the short-term unemployed. Copyright 1992 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd and The Victoria University of Manchester
Learning in a problem‐based medical curriculum: students' conceptions

The purpose of this study was to examine students' conception of their learning in a problem‐based learning medical curriculum. A multiple case study design was used with two units of analyses: two PBL lab groups; and 15 individual students within each lab group. Data collected included weekly journals by students, video‐tapes of PBL sessions, focus group interviews with students, two open‐ended questionnaires completed by students, and interviews with the PBL tutors. Three thematic categories of students' conceptions of their learning emerged: (1) awareness of PBL goals and expectations; (2) efficiency and expertise; and (3) the role of the tutor.
Expectations and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

Previous research has shown that stocks with low prices relative to book value, cash flow, earnings, or dividends (that is, value stocks) earn high returns. Value stocks may earn high returns because they are more risky. Alternatively, systematic errors in expectations may explain the high returns earned by value stocks. I test for the existence of systematic errors using survey data on forecasts by stock market analysts. I show that investment strategies that seek to exploit errors in analysts' forecasts earn superior returns because expectations about future growth in earnings are too extreme.
Stock market crashes in 2007–2009: were we able to predict them?

We investigate the stock market crashes in China, Iceland, and the US in the 2007-2009 period. The bond stock earnings yield difference model is used as a prediction tool. Historically, when the measure is too high, meaning that long bond interest rates are too high relative to the trailing earnings over price ratio, then there usually is a crash of 10% or more within four to twelve months. The model did in fact predict all three crashes. Iceland had a drop of fully 95%, China fell by two thirds and the US by 57%.
Burnout among Teacher Educators with Respect to Biographical, Psychological and Organizational Variables

Burnout is a psychological term which is described as the experiment of negative attitude, morale and behavior when people face work-related stressors. The undesirable psychological condition occurs when an employee is subjected to continuous mental and psychological pressures because of unfavorable work-conditions, unsuitable managing and leadership approaches which cause emotional exhaustion tiredness. This study is an attempt to survey the burnout level of teacher educators in Haryana and determine the likely factors that are associated with this phenomenon. The subjects of the study were 122 teacher educators from govt. and govt. aided colleges of education affiliated to M.D.U. , Rohtak (Haryana) and K.U. , Kurukshetra (Haryana). The main instrument used for data gathering was Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES) which evaluated the burnout levels of the teacher educators in the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Descriptive and univariate statistics were used in the data analysis. It was found that the qualification, years of teaching experience, academic title, organizational climate, occupational stress, psychological well being, self confidence and personality were significant indicators of burnout among the teacher educators, while gender and teaching subject were not significantly related to burnout syndrome.
Integrating sport and tourism: a review of regional policies in England.

Various authors have long advocated linking sport and tourism. This paper seeks to move from such advocacy by examining the attitudes and practices of policy makers in England through a review of the strategy documents of the agencies involved (Sports Council, Regional Councils for Sport and Recreation, English Tourist Board, Regional Tourist Boards). Initial examination of the sport–tourism literature and strategy statements enabled the formulation of a Policy Area Matrix for Sport and Tourism which was then used as the background for the review. The review revealed an increasing amount of sport–tourism activity which was not matched by any significant liaison amongst the agencies responsible for sport and tourism policies. The paper concludes by suggesting that ideas associated with organisational culture and the policy process may offer explanations for this lack of liaison and that further investigation in this area is essential to achieving an integrated framework for sport and tourism. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural basis for snRNA recognition by the double-WD40 repeat domain of Gemin5

Here, Jin et al. determined the crystal structure of Gemin5 in complex with a 13-nt U4 snRNA oligo. Gemin5 is required for snRNP biogenesis and has been implicated in snRNA recognition. Their findings provide novel mechanistic insights into Gemin5's snRNA-binding specificity and the molecular mechanism of RNA binding by WD40 repeat proteins.
The integrated state of viral DNA in SV40-transformed cells.

It has been shown by a modified DNA-RNA hybridization technique that the nuclei of cells transformed by either polyoma virus or SV40 contain viral DNA.1 This method employs RNA synthesized in vitro with form I viral DNA2–4 and E. coli RNA polymerase. The number of viral DNA equivalents per cell varies from 5 to 60, depending on the cell line. In this communication, we will report on the physical state of the viral DNA in SV3T3 cells, an SV40-transformed cell line that contains 20 SV40 DNA equivalents per cell.
Improved survival of patients with intracranial ependymomas by irradiation: Dose selection and field extension

Intracranial ependymomas, treated with postoperative irradiation, have a 50% 5‐year survival. Although this rate is good, the issue remains whether the quantity and quality of survival can be improved by the proper selection of treatment factors, i.e. field size and dose‐time relationship. Factors influencing survival and the effect of dose and field selection are considered in 28 intracranial ependymomas. Nineteen spinal primaries are also presented for comparison. Only 10% of the patients treated with doses below 1350 rets are alive, vs. 56% of the patients treated with higher doses. Only 21% of the patients treated with partial brain irradiation survived, vs. 57% of those treated with whole brain irradiation. Although an apparent 5‐year survival difference was found for the low‐grade (63%) vs. high grade (13%) tumors, high‐dose whole brain irradiation had a significant effect only on the survival of the high‐grade tumors. Local recurrences accounted for the majority of therapeutic failures. Ten consecutive patients were treated with elective craniospinal irradiation and exhibited a 3‐year survival of 70%, vs. 35% in those treated conventionally to the brain only. Elective craniospinal irradiation, advocated for the high‐grade, particularly infratentorial, ependymomas, has currently yielded higher survival, lower recurrences, good tolerance, no complications, and excellent quality of survival. Further documentation of this treatment approach is suggested.
Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control for Unobservables

We introduce a new method for conditioning out serially correlated unobserved shocks to the production technology by building ideas first developed in Olley and Pakes (1996). Olley and Pakes show how to use investment to control for correlation between input levels and the unobserved firm-specific productivity process. We prove that like investment, intermediate inputs (those inputs which are typically subtracted out in a value-added production function) can also solve this simultaneity problem. We highlight three potential advantages to using an intermediate inputs approach relative to investment. Our results indicate that these advantages are empirically important.
Locational considerations and international Malaysian housing developers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify demand‐related factors considered by the sampled Malaysian housing developers in the countries they invested in, and those factors which maligned their investment interest. Additionally, the paper seeks to validate the applicability of the locational disadvantages construct.Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken was a combination of postal questionnaire survey, interviews in home and host countries, desk research and direct observation.Findings – The locational factors which maligned their interest preponderated the demand‐related factors. The findings validated the applicability of the locational disadvantages construct.Research limitations/implications – Even though housing developers may be tempted to seek business opportunities abroad, they need to properly weigh an array of locational disadvantages of targeted host countries before making their market entry move.Originality/value – This study gives focus to the internationalisation of housi.
Thalamic connections of the insula in the rhesus monkey and comments on the paralimbic connectivity of the medial pulvinar nucleus

Thalamic connections of the insula in the rhesus monkey were studied with axonal transport methods. Tritiated amino acid injections limited to the insula revealed autoradiographic label in the principal and parvicellular components of the ventroposterior medial nucleus, the ventroposterior inferior nucleus, the oral and medial pulvinar nuclei, the nucleus reuniens, the parvicellular and magnocellular components of the medial dorsal nucleus, the centromedian‐parafasicularis nuclei, and the reticular nucleus.
Patients’ Perspectives on Antidepressant Treatment in Consultations With Physicians

Patient perspectives on antidepressant treatment and physician attention, and responses toward these in consultations with patients diagnosed with depression, are rarely studied. We analyzed video-recorded consultations with general practitioners (GPs) and psychiatrists. We used conversation analysis and systemic functional linguistics and found that the perspectives patients expressed related to the possibility of achieving, and the inability to retain, a sense of agency. Patients also presented indirect expressions of shame and expressions suggesting alienation toward medical treatment. GPs attended to patient perspectives by talking about medication indirectly. When patients expressed their perspectives, GPs responded by being nonauthoritative but also without prompting patients to elaborate on their reflections. Psychiatrists responded authoritatively and never urged patients to reflect on their perspectives. Shared decision making did not take place because physicians did not explore patients’ perspectives in depth or offer their expertise by taking these perspectives into consideration.
Confronting the Black Swan: A Case Study of Corporate Learning

Objectives of the Study The objective of this mixed methods case study is two-fold. First, it explores corporate learning using the theory of organizational knowledge creation and one US based corporation to determine the theory’s relevance to American firms. Second, it seeks to understand how social practices and leadership behaviors affect employee knowledge or “true beliefs” and thus the implications to the firm’s knowledge creation and ultimately, its competitive advantage. Ikujiro Nonaka’s theory of organizational knowledge creation is used as the framework to examine the extent to which internal factors affect knowledge creation at the organizational and employee levels. The research addresses two questions regarding Nonaka’s theory: 1) it assesses the theory in a US corporation with a relatively homogenous population to determine the validity of the theory that was developed outside the US and 2) it examines to what extent internal factors such as social practices and leadership behaviors affect the organizational knowledge creation process. In addition, consequences from events external to the firm are assessed to determine their impact on knowledge creation and corporate learning. Summary The study used knowledge creation theory to understand how internal behaviors and external events affected corporate learning and competitive advantage. Given that knowledge is only useful in its context, the introduction described the origins of the firm and impact of the Internet. The literature review provided the historical context for organizational culture in US firms, the growth of learning organizations and it summarized organizational knowledge creation theory. Social practices and leadership behaviors were explored in relation to a variety of topics. The research used quantitative and qualitative data that included survey data and qualitative data collected from semi-structured interviews, direct observation, internal documents, and secondary sources. The variety of sources aided the attempt to identify robust answers to the broad research questions raised in the study. Conclusions The interviews and direct observations at the firm reveal that organizational knowledge creation is not evident in this US corporation, primarily due to the narrow way in which knowledge is perceived and leadership behaviors that fail to consistently empower subordinates in the hierarchical management model. The cultural beliefs that preclude knowledge creation were also observed to thwart corporate learning. Several social practices and leadership behaviors appear to influence employee beliefs and thus corporate learning including communication transparency, decision-making and accountability, and strategic responses to external “random” events in digital communication. Shortcomings in these areas appear to have related and unintended consequences of diminished trust, lack of confidence, and risk aversion that can jeopardize the firm’s competitive advantage.
Business Conditions and Speculative Assets

This paper examines the hypothesis that the predictable components of U.K. shares and bonds are related to business conditions. Financial market variables, such as maturity and default premia, are constructed in an attempt to capture different components of business-conditions risk. The hypothesis is investigated using multivariate regression analysis and a latent variable model. One of the main conclusions reached in this paper is that the time-varying component of U.K. share and bond excess returns tend to exhibit varying degrees of sensitivity to information on business conditions as captured ex ante by a number of financial variables. Copyright 1997 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd and The Victoria University of Manchester
Expression of cancer testis antigen CT45 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and other B-cell lymphomas

We have shown previously that cancer/testis (CT) antigen, CT45, is expressed in various epithelial cancers at a frequency of <5% to ∼35%. In this study, the protein expression of CT45 was examined in non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas and classical Hodgkin lymphoma by immunohistochemical analysis. Serological response to CT45 was also evaluated by ELISA using CT45 recombinant protein and sera from patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. None of the 80 low-grade B-cell lymphomas, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma, expressed CT45. In comparison, CT45 was expressed in 28 of 126 (22%) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). A remarkably high percentage (42/72, 58%) of classical Hodgkin lymphoma contained CT45-positive Reed–Sternberg cells. Nodular sclerosis and mixed-cellularity subtypes had similar frequency of CT45 expression, but most EBV-positive cases were CT45 negative. Gray-zone lymphoma (cases with features of both DLBCL and classical Hodgkin lymphoma) also showed frequent (64%) CT45 expression. Evaluation of reactive lymphoid tissues showed scattered CT45-positive lymphocytes in a single case of florid follicular hyperplasia, raising the possibility that this case was an evolving malignancy. Despite frequent CT45 expression, only 1 of 67 Hodgkin lymphoma patients had detectable anti-CT45 antibodies in the serum, suggesting that the immune response to CT45 may be suppressed. In conclusion, classical Hodgkin lymphoma has the highest frequency of CT45 expression among all malignancies tested to date, the frequency of CT45 expression in DLBCL is similar to that seen in epithelial cancers, and low-grade non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas do not express CT45.