Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Ulcerative Colitis is Related to Severe Inflammation and a High Count of Cytomegalovirus-positive Cells in Biopsy Is a Risk Factor for Colectomy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cytomegalovirus [CMV] infection often reactivates in the course of inflammatory bowel disease, but the significance of this remains disputable. Our aim was to evaluate whether severity of CMV colitis is associated with colectomy risk in ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate agreement between immunohistochemistry [IHC] and blood CMV polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. METHODS UC patients with CMV assessment of the colon, hospitalised in a referral unit between 2005 and 2012 were retrospectively identified. The course and severity of the disease were analysed, with inflammation graded histologically across the range 0-3. The numbers of CMV IHC-positive cells per biopsy section were counted, and results for blood CMV PCR were also retrieved. Data on colectomies were also collected. RESULTS Of 141 patients, 95 were analysed, with 33 found to be CMV IHC-positive and 62 negative. The colectomy risk was significantly higher in patients with ≥ 5 IHC-positive cells, as opposed to those with none or less than 5 [p = 0.014] with median follow-up of 1.9 and 3.2 years, respectively. The CMV IHC-positive patients had lower haemoglobin [median 11.0g/dl vs 12.0; p = 0.028] and albumin [median 29.5g/l vs 33.1; p = 0.038] levels and more intense histological inflammation [p = 0.020] compared with CMV IHC-negative patients. There was substantial agreement between IHC and blood PCR [Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.72]. CONCLUSIONS Five or more CMV IHC-positive cells per biopsy section were indicative of a greater colectomy risk. CMV infection was related to more severe inflammation. Blood CMV PCR is a useful tool in UC.
Internet as a means of Developing Health Status: A Research on InternetUsage of Users and Their Expectations

Internet is a communication network and source of knowledge used extensively in many areas. Its use in healthcare field is increasing day by day. Internet users search for a lot of subjects such as medical knowledge, diseases, treatment options, drugs, etc. Increasing number of health sites, whose numbers increase in parallel with those of internet users in healthcare field, is an important means of sustaining individual health and increasing healthcare quality of the individual. On the other hand, the quality, reliability of them and their possible potentials to harm ones health are being discussed. The aim of the research is to determine for why internet users use internet and what their expectations from these sites are. The research was conducted with 586 internet users over the age of 18 who applied to polyclinics of Burdur Public Hospital and Burdur Maternity and Pediatric Hospital between 10.03. 2008 and 01.07. 2008. Of 586 internet users participated in the research, 556 (94,9%) had searched for healthcare at least for a time. Internet users mostly searched for diseases (66,2%),food, nutrition and dieting (45,7%). 30,4% of internet users say that the information they get via internet is very influential on their decisions, 62,4% say them it is less influential, while 7,2% say it not influential at all. The most important expectations of internet users (73,6%); however, is that web sites be designed and arranged by doctors or specialist of the related fields.
Gut Inflammation in Mice Triggers Proliferation and Function of Mucosal Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells but Impairs Their Conversion from CD4+ T Cells

Background and Aims: Regulatory Foxp3+CD4+ T cells [Tregs] have been implicated in the control of colitis in T-cell transfer models, yet their ability to regulate colitis induced by innate immunity and the impact of gut inflammation on their fate and function have been poorly documented. Methods: Colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulphate in DEREG transgenic mice. Tregs ablation and transfer experiments showd that Tregs could limit the severity of colitis in B6 mice. Results: Gut inflammation resulted in increased number of Tregs in mesenteric lymph nodes [MLN] and colon lamina propria [LP], although their frequency decreased due to massive concomitant leukocyte infiltration. This coincided at both sites with a dramatic increase in Ki67+ Tregs which retained proliferative capacity. Gut inflammation resulted in enhanced suppressive function of Tregs in colon lamina propria and neuropillin-1- [NRP1-] Treg in MLN. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and flow cytometry [using IL10-egfp-reporter mice] showed that compared with NRP1+ Treg, NRP1- Treg express higher levels of IL-10 transcripts and were enriched in IL10-expressing cells both in the steady state and during colitis. Moreover, Treg conversion in vivo from from naïve CD4+ T cells or Treg precursors was impaired in colitic mice. Finally, gut inflammation caused a decrease in intestinal dendritic cells, affecting both CD103+CD11b+ and CD103+CD11b- subsets and affected their Treg conversion capacity. Conclusions: Together, our data indicate that non-specific colon inflammation triggers proliferation and suppressive function of Tregs in the lamina propria and MLN, but impairs their de novo conversion from CD4+ T cells by intestinal dendritic cells.
Traumatic Temporomandibular Joint Luxation in a Cat and Treatment by Condylar Tethering

Summary The cat in this report was admitted with mandibular symphyseal separation and jaw malocclusion referrable to luxation of the right TMJ. Radiographs revealed a fracture of the right articular eminence in the frontal plane of the head. Closed reduction, while initially successful, failed to prevent reluxation of the mandible. Polyester suture was used to successfully tether the right mandibular condyle to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, preventing any reluxation and allowing healing of the fractured eminence. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation is a relatively commonly encountered injury of the feline jaw. While most temporomandibular joints remain stable once relocated, some will reluxate. A new technique using polyester suture to successfully treat an unstable rostral TMJ luxation, and associated fracture in a cat, is described. Alternative treatments for this condition are briefly discussed.
A study on knowledge gap in improved autumn rice cultivation practices in Assam

A study was conducted in Cachar district of Assam with 120 farmers to determine the knowledge gap on improved autumn rice cultivation. It was found that majority of the farmers did not have adequate knowledge on production recommendations and that more than half of the production recommendation were not known to them. The knowledge gap on complex practices like seed treatment, disease and insect pest management were on much higher side.
Oral Provocation Test on the Diagnosis of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Children: Integrative Review

Introduction: The cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is considered the most prevalent food allergy in children, developing, usually, during the first three years of life and can cause gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin changes. Among the diagnostic methods used, there is the oral food challenge test. However, little used in clinical practice. Objective: Identifying the importance of Oral Provocation Test (OPT) in the diagnostic confirmation of CMPA in children. Method: An integrative review of studies of the last ten years, with six relevant articles related to the theme and used and described the OPT in children with suspected CMPA. Results: The OPT is important to confirm the diagnosis, avoiding prolonged exclusion diets, nutritional risks and unnecessary expenses. The oral test with milk can be adopted as the gold standard and used as a basis for comparative studies that aims to advance the molecular diagnosis, determining the specificities and sensitivities of such tests. It can also be used with other foods. In innovative studies to determine the tolerance of dairy foods, allowing include them in the feeding of these patients during the elimination diet. Conclusion: It is important that the OPT is performed early in the onset of symptoms suggestive of CMPA, in order to avoid prolonged exclusion diets, nutritional risks and unnecessary expenses.
Primary Glioblastoma Multiforme of the Cerebellum

Two cases of glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebellum are reported. Case 1, a 55-year-old male, was admitted in 1981 with a 3-week history of intermittent headache, vomiting, and gait instability. Case 2, a 27-year-old female suffering from von Recklinghausen's disease, was admitted in 1973 with a 6-week history of headache, vomiting, and blurred vision. On admission, cerebellar symptoms and bilateral papilledema were observed in both patients. Neuroradiological studies, including computed tomography scan and angiography, were of little help in predicting the exact nature of these tumors before surgery. At the operation, a tumor growing mainly in the right cerebellar hemisphere was found in each patient. On histological examination, hypercellularity with pleomorphism, small patches of necrosis, and vascular endothelial proliferation were noted, which appeared to be indistinguishable from those of cerebral glioblastoma. In spite of repeated operations followed by chemoradiotherapy, both patients died of tumor recurrence, 38 months and 25 months after the onset of the symptoms, respectively. Glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebellum is very rare and accounts for approximately 0.6% of all glioblastomas reported in the recent literature. Only 82 cases of the cerebellar glioblastoma have so far been reported. The biological behavior of these tumors is in all respects identical to those of the cerebral counterparts.
Lightweight versus Heavyweight mesh for open repair of inguinal hernia

Background Open repair of inguinal hernia with mesh is associated with a decreased risk of recurrence compared to hernia repair without mesh. However, the use of traditional heavyweight (HWM) polypropylene mesh in hernia repair has raised concerns about the higher incidence of postoperative chronic groin pain, persistent groin discomfort, foreign body sensations, testicular atrophy and impaired sensations in the groin. Lightweight mesh (LWM) is composed of a reduced component of reactive biomaterial and is considered an innovative measure to lessen the long term consequences of the mesh repair of inguinal hernia. Objectives The objective of this review is to systematically analyse the randomised, controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness of LWM versus HWM in patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair. Search methods The Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group (CCCG) Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2012), MEDLINE (until March 2012), EMBASE (The Intelligent Gateway to Biomedical & Pharmacological Information until March 2012), and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E until March 2012) using the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms were searched without date, language or age restrictions. Selection criteria RCTs comparing the effectiveness of LWM versus HWM in patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair. Data collection and analysis At least two review authors independently scrutinised search results, selected eligible studies and extracted the data. This data was further confirmed by the third review author to check the accuracy. Main results Fourteen published articles on eleven RCTs encompassing 2589 patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair either using LWM or HWM were retrieved from the electronic databases. There were 1282 patients in the LWM group and 1307 patients in the HWM group. Statistically, there was no difference between LWM and HWM in terms of duration of operation, postoperative complications, the risk of hernia recurrence and the risk of developing testicular atrophy. LWM was associated with lower postoperative pain score, early return to work and daily activities. In addition, LWM was associated with the reduced risk of developing chronic groin pain and the reduced risk of developing other groin symptoms such as groin discomfort, sensory impairment, regional hard feelings, point tenderness and foreign body sensations. Authors' conclusions LWM may not increase the risk of inguinal hernia recurrence. LWM seems to be associated with the reduced risk of developing chronic groin pain and other symptoms such as groin discomfort, sensory impairment, regional hard feelings, point tenderness and foreign body sensations. These outcomes should better be judged after long-term follow up and therefore, LWM may only be considered a viable alternative to HWM in open inguinal hernia repair instead of recommending its routine use.
The Effects of Private Prison Confinement on Offender Recidivism

Evidence has been mixed as to whether private prisons are more effective than state-operated facilities in reducing recidivism. This study analyzes whether private prison confinement in Minnesota has had an impact on recidivism by examining 3,532 offenders released from prison between 2007 and 2009. Propensity score matching was used to individually match a comparison group of 1,766 inmates who had only been confined in state-run facilities with 1,766 offenders who had served time in a private prison facility. Using multiple measures of recidivism and private prison confinement, 20 Cox regression models were estimated. The results showed that offenders who had been incarcerated in a private prison had a greater hazard of recidivism in all 20 models, and the recidivism risk was significantly greater in 8 of the models. The evidence presented in this study suggests that private prisons are not more effective in reducing recidivism, which may be attributable to fewer visitation and rehabilitative programming opportunities for offenders incarcerated at private facilities.
Relentless placoid chorioretinitis associated with central nervous system lesions treated with mycophenolate mofetil.

Correspondence: Dr Vingerling, Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands (j.vingerling @erasmusmc.nl). Financial Disclosure: None reported. Funding/Support: This study was supported by unrestricted grants from GlaxoSmithKline and Topcon Europe BV and by grants from the following institutions: Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Blindenhulp, and OOG, the Hague, the Netherlands; Optimix, Blindenpenning, and Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neyenburgh, Bunnik, the Netherlands; Physico Therapeutic Institute, Swart van Essen, Sint Laurens Institute, Bevordering van Volkskracht, Rotterdamse Blindenbelangen Association, and Van Leeuwen Van Lignac, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; kfHein, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging ter Voorkoming van Blindheid, Doorn, the Netherlands. Role of the Sponsor: The sponsors or funding organizations had no involvement in the design or conduct of this research. Additional Contributions: Yun-Fu Hu and Rena Vora, GlaxoSmithKline, developed the high-throughput radiometric activity assay for Lp-PLA2.
Prdx6 Deficiency Ameliorates DSS Colitis: Relevance of Compensatory Antioxidant Mechanisms

Background and Aims An imbalance between cellular antioxidant defence system[s] and reactive oxygen species [ROS]-driven oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Peroxiredoxin [PRDX] 6 contributes to an appropriate redox balance by clearing ROS and reducing peroxidized membrane phospholipids. We here studied the role of PRDX6 in acute and chronic dextran sodium sulphate [DSS]-induced colitis. Methods To investigate the impact of PRDX6 on intestinal inflammation, we used wild type [WT], Prdx6 knock-out mice [Prdx6-/-] and transgenic mice [Prdx6tg/tg], overexpressing Prdx6. Acute and chronic colitis was induced by DSS in WT, Prdx6-/- and Prdx6tg/tg mice. Colitis was evaluated by endoscopy, colon length, histopathological assessment and myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity. Changes in mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR] and western blot. Total glutathione [GSH] levels in colon samples were determined. Results Prdx6-/- mice exposed to acute and chronic DSS showed a significant decrease in the clinical parameters and in colonic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with WT mice. mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes in colon samples was significantly increased in Prdx6-/- compared with WT mice exposed to acute and chronic DSS. In addition, total GSH levels were increased in Prdx6-/- mice treated with DSS in comparison with WT. Overexpression of Prdx6 did not significantly influence acute and chronic colitis. Conclusions Our data indicate that a lack of the antioxidant enzyme PRDX6 protects against the development of acute and chronic experimental colitis and is associated with increased expression and function of other antioxidant enzymes, suggesting effective compensatory mechanisms.
Vedolizumab Induces Long-term Mucosal Healing in Patients With Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction Vedolizumab has proven efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], but long-term mucosal healing in Crohn's disease [CD], as well as the incidence of colorectal neoplasia in IBD, among patients treated with vedolizumab have not been studied. We aimed to document mucosal healing and to explore the risk of colorectal neoplasia with vedolizumab maintenance therapy. Methods Surveillance colonoscopy was prospectively scheduled for patients with longstanding ulcerative coltis [UC] or CD at a tertiary referral centre, in the open-label extension phase (vedolizumab 300 mg intravenously [IV] every 4 weeks) of the Gemini studies [GEMINI LTS, study number NCT00790933]. Mayo score ≤ 1 or ulcer disappearance [in CD] was defined as mucosal healing. Targeted biopsies were graded for inflammation and dysplasia. Results Of 68 patients [29 CD/39 UC] treated for ≥ 1 year [median 3.2 years, range 1.1-6.1], 58 [24 CD/34 UC] were endoscopically monitored. Durable endoscopic healing corrected by non-responder imputation was found in 7/24, 29% [CD] and 17/34, 50% [UC]. Combined histological and mucosal healing was observed in 5/24 [CD] and 11/34 [UC] of those with endoscopic healing. Low-grade dysplasia was detected in 10% of patients and high-grade dysplasia in the resection specimen of one patient with biopsy-proven low-grade dysplasia. Conclusions Long-term endoscopic and histological healing was observed in a proportion of patients treated with vedolizumab long-term. The dysplasia risk with vedolizumab deserves further study.
Mutational hot spot potential of a novel base pair mutation of the CSPG2 gene in a family with Wagner syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To report a 3-generation white family clinically diagnosed variably with Wagner, Stickler, and Jansen syndromes and screened for sequence variants in the COL2A1 and CSPG2 genes. Wagner syndrome is an autosomal dominant vitreoretinopathy with a predisposition to retinal detachment and cataracts. It has significant phenotypic overlap with allelic Jansen syndrome and ocular Stickler syndrome type 1. Sticker syndrome type 1 maps to chromosome 12q13.11-q13.2, with associated COL2A1 gene mutations. Wagner syndrome maps to chromosome 5q13-q14 and is associated with mutations in CSPG2 encoding versican, a proteoglycan present in human vitreous. METHODS Genomic DNA samples derived from venous blood were collected from all family members. Complete sequencing of COL2A1 was performed on a proband. Primers for polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were designed to cover all exon and intron-exon boundaries. Direct sequencing of CSPG2 was performed on all family member samples. RESULTS No detectable COL2A1 mutations were noted, making the diagnosis of ocular Stickler syndrome highly unlikely for this family. A unique base pair substitution (c.9265 + 1G>T) in intron 8 of the CSPG2 gene cosegregating with disease status was identified. This mutation occurred in a highly conserved previously reported splice site with a similar base pair substitution (G>A). Direct sequencing of this splice site mutation in 107 unrelated external controls revealed no variants, supporting the rarity of this base pair change and its causation in Wagner syndrome. This novel base pair substitution is thought to cause the deletion of exon 8 and formation of a truncated protein product. CONCLUSION Mutation screening of CSPG2 in autosomal dominant vitreoretinopathy families is important for accurate diagnosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study underscores the importance of obtaining extensive pedigree information and comparative ophthalmologic clinical information, as the phenotypic findings may vary greatly among independent family members. The study also affirms the paradigm shift from diagnosis assignment based on eponyms to that based on gene mutation type.
The prevalence of prediabetes among hypertensive patients in Enugu, southeast Nigeria

Objective: To determine the prevalence of prediabetes among hypertensive patients under treatment. Research Design: One hundred hypertensive patients under drug treatment, 40 men and 60 women, aged above 35years and 100 age and sex-matched apparently healthy subjects were used for the study. The patients were on aspirin, nifidepine, frusemide and felodipine as mainline drugs. Venous blood samples were collected after over-night fast and 2 hours after 75g dextrose ingestion. Main Findings: Twenty-five patients, 10 males 25% and 15 females 25%, had prediabetes giving a prevalence of 25%. Fourteen of them (14%). 4 men and 10 women, had impaired fasting glucose only and 5 (5%) patients; 2 men and 3 women had impaired glucose tolerance only. Six patients (6%) had both IFG and IGT. Unreported diabetes was detected in 14 patients (14%), among whom were 7 men and 7 women. Fifteen patients, (15%), had IFG only, and 5 (5%) patients had IGT only. The mean fasting plasma insulin of the patients was 22.2+19. 6μU/ml and the HOMA-IR was 5.1+4.5. Conclusion: The prevalence of prediabetes among the patients did not exceed reported range but the percentage of unreported diabetes was high. The results highlighted the importance of screening for prediabetes in the hypertensive patient population of the study locality. However, there were no significant differences between the parameters of the patients with IFG and IGT, (p>0.05) Key words: Prediabetes, hypetension, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, HOMAIR, unreported diabetes.
Glomus cell tumor of the orbit.

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