Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chandra studies of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae: a deeper X-ray source catalogue, five new X-ray counterparts to millisecond radio pulsars and new constraints to r-mode instability window

We combined Chandra ACIS observations of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (hereafter, 47 Tuc) from 2000, 2002, and 2014-15 to create a deeper X-ray source list, and study some of the faint radio millisecond pulsars (MSPs) present in this cluster. We have detected 370 X-ray sources within the half-mass radius (2$'$.79) of the cluster, 81 of which are newly identified, by including new data and using improved source detection techniques. The majority of the newly identified sources are in the crowded core region, indicating cluster membership. We associate five of the new X-ray sources with chromospherically active BY Dra or W UMa variables identified by Albrow et al. (2001). We present alternative positions derived from two methods, centroiding and image reconstruction, for faint, crowded sources. We are able to extract X-ray spectra of the recently discovered MSPs 47 Tuc aa, 47 Tuc ab, the newly timed MSP 47 Tuc Z, and the newly resolved MSPs 47 Tuc S and 47 Tuc F. Generally, they are well fit by black body or neutron star atmosphere models, with temperatures, luminosities and emitting radii similar to those of other known MSPs in 47 Tuc, though 47 Tuc aa and 47 Tuc ab reach lower X-ray luminosities. We limit X-ray emission from the full surface of the rapidly spinning (542 Hz) MSP 47 Tuc aa, and use this limit to put an upper bound for amplitude of r-mode oscillations in this pulsar as $\alpha<2.5\times 10^{-9}$ and constrain the shape of the r-mode instability window.
Effects of polyols on the processing and qualities of wheat tortillas

Effects of polyols on processing of hot-press wheat tortillas were evaluated. Hot-press wheat tortillas with 0, 2, 4, or 6% glycerol were prepared from wheat flour of 10.2, 11.0, or 11.5% protein content. Tortillas with 2, 4, or 6% propylene glycol, sorbitol, or maltitol were prepared from the 11.0% protein flour. Farinograph and alveograph values, dough mixing characteristics and machinability, rollability over time, sensory evaluation, water holding capacity, total liquid content, and water activity were determined. Low protein (10.2%) flour required less water, shorter mixing time, and yielded tortilla doughs that were less machinable compared to other flours. Water absorption decreased with increasing polyol level. Doughs containing 6% polyols, except maltitol, were stickier and less machinable than control doughs. Tortillas prepared from 10.2% protein flour with or without polyols were less rollable during storage compared to those prepared from higher protein flours. Tortillas containing glycerol had less moisture, higher liquid content, and improved shelf-stability, except when prepared from low protein flour. Water activity decreased with increasing polyol level. Propylene glycol and glycerol were more effective in decreasing water activity than sorbitol and maltitol. Formulas containing 4% polyols and ≥11.0% protein flour had good machinability and yielded acceptable tortillas with improved rollability during storage
Taylor dispersion in premixed combustion: questions from turbulent combustion answered for laminar flames

We present a study on Taylor dispersion in premixed combustion and use it to clarify fundamental issues related to flame propagation in a flow field. In particular, simple analytical formulae are derived for variable-density laminar flames with arbitrary Lewis number Le providing clear answers to important questions arising in turbulent combustion, when these questions are posed for the case of one-scale laminar parallel flows. Exploiting, in the context of a laminar Poiseuille flow model, a “thick flame” distinguished asymptotic limit for which the flow amplitude is large with the Reynolds number Re fixed, three main contributions are made. First, a link is established between Taylor dispersion and Damköhler’s second hypothesis by describing analytically the enhancement of the effective propagation speed UT due to small flow scales. More precisely, it is shown that Damköhler’s hypothesis is only partially correct for onescale parallel laminar flows. Specifically, while the increase in UT due to the flow is shown to be directly associated with the increase in the effective diffusivity as suggested by Damköhler, our results imply that UT ∼ Re (for Re ≫ 1) rather than UT ∼ √ Re, as implied by Damköhler’s hypothesis. Second, it is demonstrated analytically and confirmed numerically that, when UT is plotted versus the flow amplitude for fixed values of Re, the curve levels off to a constant value depending on Re. We may refer to this effect as the “laminar bending effect” as it mimics a similar “bending effect” known in turbulent combustion. Third, novel and somewhat surprising implications associated with the dependence of UT and of the effective Lewis number Leeff on the flow are reported. For example, Leeff is found to vary from Le to Le−1 as Re varies from small to large values. Also, UT is found to be a monotonically increasing function of Re if Le < √ 2, and a non-monotonic function if Le > √ 2. ∗ joel.daou@manchester.ac. uk
Preparing for InSight: An Invitation to Participate in a Blind Test for Martian Seismicity

The InSight (Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander will deploy a seismic monitoring package on Mars in November 2018. In preparation for the data return, we prepared a blind test in which we invite participants to detect and characterize seismicity included in a synthetic dataset of continuous waveforms from a single station that mimics both the streams of data that will be available from InSight, as well as expected tectonic and impact seismicity and noise conditions on Mars. We expect that the test will ultimately improve and extend the current set of methods that the InSight team plan to use in routine analysis of the Martian dataset.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Aeromonas media KLU 11.16 CHITOSANASE ISOLATED FROM SHRIMP WASTE

Our previous study found that KLU 11.16, isolated from shrimp waste secreted chitinolytic enzymes. The crude enzyme was interesting since their chitooligosccharide was able to inhibit some pathogenic bacteria. In this study we report a purification and characterization of the chitosanase enzyme produced and the identification of the KLU 11.16. Purification of the enzyme was done two steps by ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. Two out of 4 peaks from Gel Filtration step, i.e. fraction 16 and 33 were capable of hydrolyzing 100% deacetylated chitosan, indicating that both fractions contained chitosanase enzyme. The enzyme from fraction 16 had approximate molecular weight of 98.3 kDa. The enzyme worked optimally at temperature of 300C, and pH 6. Addition of Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, Na+ ions in the form of Cl2 salt and detergent Triton X-100 increased the enzyme activity, while Co2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions in the same concentration decreased the enzyme acitivity. Addition of EDTA and SDS significantly decreased the enzyme activity. Molecular based identification revealed that KLU 11.16 was 99% similar to Aeromonas media.
High injection and carrier pile-up in lattice matched InGaAs/InP PN diodes for thermophotovoltaic applications

This article analyzes and explains the observed temperature dependence of the forward dark current of lattice matched In0.53Ga0. 47As on InP diodes as a function of voltage. The experimental results show, at high temperatures, the characteristic current-voltage (I–V) curve corresponding to leakage, recombination, and diffusion currents, but at low temperatures an additional region is seen at high fields. We show that the onset of this region commences with high injection into the lower-doped base region. The high injection is shown by using simulation software to substantially alter the minority carrier concentration profile in the base, emitter and consequently the quasi-Fermi levels (QFL) at the base/window and the window/cap heterojunctions. We show that this QFL splitting and the associated electron “pile-up” (accumulation) at the window/emitter heterojunction leads to the observed pseudo-n=2 region of the current-voltage curve. We confirm this phenomenon by investigating the I–V–T characteristics of d.
VAR Analysis of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms: Empirical Study on Five Asian Countries after the Asian Crisis

This article employs VAR to analyze monetary policy transmission mechanisms of in Indonesia Korea Malaysia the Philippines and Thailand (ASIA‑5 after the Asian crisis. In order to resolve the "price puzzle"usually found in prior studies that applied the recursive Choleski decomposition this article proposes to set the identifying restrictions on the coefficient matrix of innovations that are based on the empirical Granger causality and the cointegration relationships among variables in the systems. The results of this empirical study confirmed the superiority over the recursive scheme in terms of less puzzled signs of impulse responses of endogenous variables in the system to the interest rate disturbance. Despite the different economic structures among the ASIA‑5 asset price relatively represents the most sensitive variable to the interest rate shock among all variables in the model; however with a puzzle on its sign of the impulse response function. The second most sensitive variable is output followed respectively by the real effective exchange rate real bank credit and price. The findings indicate price stickiness. Moreover foregone output and fluctuations in stock price indices as well as real effective exchange rates are the tradeoffs for price control.
Judo's Mental Imagery Training and Technical Acquisitions among High Institute Students

Mental imagery as a cognitive technique is one of the suitable treatment methods to improve athletic performance (Cumming & al., 2006; Eddy & al., 2003). It can be defined as using all sense to re-create or create a sport experience in the mind with the goal of enhancing sport performance during training and competition (Morris, Spittle & Watt., 2005; Taylor & Wilson., 2005; Weinberg & Gould., 2007). Our study aims to identify the effect of a learning program of mental imagery method in judo standing on the technical acquisitions. 48 students male divided into three groups of 16, (mean age 21.0 ± 1.85) voluntarily participated in this study. Group 1, has a judo mental imagery learning; group 2 has an observational judo learning and group 3 has an analytical judo learning. The revised movement imagery questionnaire (MIQ-R) developed by Hall & Martin (1997) was used in our study before and after the training programs in order to evaluate the ability of imagery overall the subjects. Also a technical test overall judo tested actions with a three levels scale from (0 = without acquisition), (0.5 = minimal acquisition) to (1= maximal acquisition). The results of the analytical chi-square calculated in different learning methods are not significant which show us that the three groups presented a similar acquisitions in declarative knowledge justified by the global chi-square, which is significant at P <. 01.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN PAKISTANI SCHOOLS: INVESTIGATING ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS FAMILY ROLE IN VIOLENCE

The present study examined the attitudes of students in Pakistani schools towards family role in school violence. For this purpose, a case study of selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa” was carried out in districts Peshawar and Mardan with the sole purpose of eliciting the students’ perception on violence. To understand gender based respondent’s perceptions the variable of students attitude towards family role in school violence was restricted to three relevant sub-variables i.e. Students Consult Family in Matters of School Violence, Family Shows Interest in Issues of School Violence, and Friends/Peers are More Important than Family for Consultation in School Violence. Results of the study showed that family interest in school violence was non-significant with physical, psychological, sexual and economic violence. The role of peers/friends had a non-significant relationship with physical, sexual and economic violence.
Risk-Free Rates and Variance Futures Prices

This paper investigates the relation between risk‐free rates and ex‐ante market volatility. It derives a theoretical model implying a negative linear relation between risk‐free rates and variance futures prices. The latter are employed as a direct market‐based ex‐ante estimate of risk‐neutral volatility. Empirical analysis, conducted using LIBOR and variance futures prices written on the S&P 500 index, indicates that the predictions of the model are supported by the data. The paper also provides evidence that, first, this negative relation varies smoothly over time following business cycles, and, second, the variance risk premium is a significant component of this documented relation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:943–967, 2016
The Impact of Culture on the Demand for Non-Life Insurance

Regression techniques are applied to an unbalanced panel data that includes 68 countries observed over a ten-year period, to explore the factors that affect non-life insurance demand across nations. While previous literature has discovered several significant economic, demographic, and institutional variables, little attention has been devoted to cultural dimensions. We find that non-life insurance consumption is adversely impacted in countries where a large fraction of the population has Islamic beliefs. Also highly significant are three of the cultural scores developed by Hofstede in a celebrated study: Power Distance, Individualism, and Uncertainty Avoidance. An important finding is that culture impacts non-life insurance more in affluent countries, with an adjusted R-square coefficient increasing by 11.7%, than in developing countries where the R-square coefficient increase due to cultural impacts is only 1.2%. These results have implications for multinational insurers seeking to enter a new market. Ceteris Paribus , these insurers should target countries, and population segments within these countries, that exhibit low Power Distance, and high Individualism and Uncertainty Avoidance scores.
Enhancing Recreation Sustainability through Social Capital Development

Recreation areas represent a socio-ecological system in which the primary purpose is to sustain the ecologic functions of the environment while also providing satisfying recreation experiences. Sustainability in a recreation area requires that the components that support this system are maintained or increased over time. These components can be thought of as ‘capital'. The focus of this study, social capital, examines the human element of this system by recognizing the potential value added by the visitor in terms of overall sustainability. The goal of this research was to measure the potential to build social capital amongst the visitors in the Sabino Canyon Recreation Area (SCRA) of the Coronado National Forest, United States, as a means of contributing to the overall sustainability of the recreation area. Recreation visitors were surveyed to determine their values surrounding the SCRA. The survey results defined visitor values by their willingness to devote time and finances, respect for the environment and resources, and actual statements of value. Based on responses to the survey questions, each respondent's relationship with the SCRA was characterized as contributing to the system's sustainability, having no effect, or reducing its sustainability. Fundamental features of social groups that allow individuals to work together for a common purpose are present at SCRA. By uniting visitors around their shared values, managers may be able to catalyze the collective efforts of social groups to foster a mutual commitment to the sustainability of the SCRA.
Climate extremes initiate ecosystem‐regulating functions while maintaining productivity

1. Studying the effects of climate or weather extremes such as drought and heat waves on biodiversity and ecosystem functions is one of the most important facets of climate change research. In particular, primary production is amounting to the common currency in field experiments world‐wide. Rarely, however, are multiple ecosystem functions measured in a single study in order to address general patterns across different categories of responses and to analyse effects of climate extremes on various ecosystem functions.
Do Skill Mix and High Tech Matter for Hospitals' Competency in Adopting Electronic Health Records?

Health workforce plays an important role in the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs). Hospitals have cited barriers around hiring a competent workforce to adopt EHRs. The literature does not adequately relate organizational and health workforce competency with EHR adoption, which makes it difficult to monitor and evaluate any programs targeting trying to improve this problem. In this study, we develop an index measuring hospitals’ competency in adopting electronic health records (EHRs) using Item Response Theory. We test to what extent hospitals’ skill mix and high tech capacity influence their competency. We use health IT data from Health Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Analytics Database and workforce and high tech data from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Provider of Services file. We found that hospitals with a larger share of registered nurses (RNs) had higher EHR competency, but environments with more high tech potentially compete for their attention and results in lower EHR competency. Technicians, therapists, and lower skilled nurses that interact with high tech apparently transfer their knowledge and skills into higher EHR competency. Future EHR adoption incentives should target lower competency hospitals with insufficient workforce and less technological capacity.
The impact of coupling and particle volume fraction on fluid-particle interactions in a turbulent channel flow

Direct numerical simulation, facilitated by a spectral element method, is used to predict a multi-phase fluid flow through a channel at a shear Reynolds number of 300. Following validation of single-A nd multi-phase flow results against other DNS predictions available in the literature, a channel flow is simulated utilising a Lagrangian particle tracker to model 300,000 particles with a diameter of 100 'Ým, having a density ratio equivalent to that of water to glass, and a particle volume fraction of approximately 0.01%. This flow is calculated using multiple levels of coupling between the particles and the flow; one-way, two-way and four-way. The mean streamwise velocity of the fluid and the particles, along with the shear and normal stresses, are compared for the different coupling methods, with the differences between them analysed and, although small, they are found to be consistent across the channel. A second set of runs is performed using in excess of 2 million particles in order to facilitate a tenfold increase in the particle volume fraction, to 0.1%, with the particles expected in this case to have a greater impact upon the properties of the fluid. The statistics of the fluid and particles in these simulations are then compared with those from the simulation with a lower concentration of particles in order to determine the magnitude of the effect the particles have on the fluid in this flow. The effects of the different couplings on the flow are much greater in this case due to the increased number of particles affecting the flow. Also, the presence of the particles is seen to increase the turbulence levels of the fluid, especially in the streamwise direction. The accuracy of the simulations clearly increases with the level of coupling. However, the speed of the simulations decreases. One way of achieving decreased run times, for both volume fraction cases, is to use a faster stochastic version of the particle tracking code for four-way coupling. This is tested, replacing the Lagrangian collision mechanics in the four-way coupled simulations with a probabilistically-determined mechanistic model. For the lower volume fraction, the normal stresses of the particles are exaggerated somewhat using the stochastic method. The simulation time is decreased compared to the Lagrangian approach, although the results presented suggest that the stochastic method requires further refinement.
Production Hierarchies in Sweden

I study the internal organization of firms using occupation data on workers in Swedish manufacturing firms. Firms with more layers are larger in size, in value added, and they pay higher wages. Firms are hierarchal in that lower layers have more workers and lower mean wage than higher layers. Adding layers is associated with increases in mean firm size/value added and decreases in mean firm wages (at pre-existing layers). The reverse holds for removing layers. This result also holds for layer by layer mean size and wages for a majority of pre-existing layers.
Real Exchange Rate Volatility and US Exports: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach

This paper examines the impact of exchange rate volatility on US exports to the rest of the world, and to each of its five main markets of destination by means of the recently developed ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, which is applicable irrespective of whether the regressors are I(1) or I(0). Using a long-term measure of volatility that captures persistence and mean-reversion in the movements of the real exchange rate, we find that in most of the cases considered export volume is significantly affected by volatility, although the sign and magnitude of this effect varies across markets of destination.
Some spectral properties of positive linear operators

It is well known (Perron [12], Frobenius [6, 7]) that if A is an n x n matrix over the real field with elements ^ 0, the spectral radius of A, r(A), is a characteristic number, with at least one characteristic vector whose coordinates are ;> 0. If A has positive elements throughout, then r is > 0, of algebraic and geometric multiplicity one, and exceeds all other elements of the spectrum in absolute value. Generalizations of this theorem to integral equations were obtained by Jentzsch [9] and E. Hopf [8]. In an operator-theoretic setting, the result did not appear until 1948 when Krein and Rutman published their most comprehensive work [11]. Further results were obtained by Bonsall [2]-[4] and, in the framework of a general locally convex space, by the author [15, 17] For compact positive operators*in an order-complete Banach lattice, see Ando [1]. While the key to many results generalizing the Perron-Frobenius theorem is compactness in one form or another, a good many spectral properties of positive linear operators are independent of it. Such properties were established by Bonsall (e.c, cf. Prop. 1 below), the author 117], and recently Putnam [13] who considers, however, only the rather special case of a bounded matrix with non-negative elements in l2. The present paper establishes new and more general results on the (spectral) character of the spectral radius r of a positive operator T, valid in arbitrary ordered Banach spaces. Section 2 collects some theorems for which no hypothesis or r is made; leaning heavily on topological properties of the positive cone K, they apply to any positive operator. Throughout § 3, r is assumed to be a pole of the resolvent of T. The stress is here on the notion of quasi-interior map; together with the assumption on r, this concept yields strong results earlier obtained by Krein and Rutman [11] for strongly positive operators which are compact and defined on a space whose positive cone K has interior points. This is interesting since in many concrete examples of partially ordered (B)-spaces, K has empty interior [16, p. 130]. The paper concludes with two problems.