Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sorbitol and Sugar Composition in Plum Fruits Influenced by Climatic Conditions

The aim of the study was to evaluate changes of sorbitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, and total sugars of plum fruits in different years under different climatic conditions i.e. air temperature and precipitation. The cultivars investigated in the research were: Topstar, Toptaste, Jojo, Haganta, Tophit, and Top 2000. The fruits were harvested at optimal stage of maturity in the experimental orchard of the Agricultural Institute Osijek. Content of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol in the fruits were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Significant differences were found between sucrose, glucose, fructose, and sorbitol depending on climatic conditions and cultivar. Sucrose was the highest in almost all years. Glucose was the predominant sugar in cultivars Jojo and Top 2000. Fructose and sorbitol contents were lower than sucrose and glucose. Average sugar contents in 2008-2012 period were compared with respect to climatic conditions. A significant effect of year was found for sucrose, sorbitol, total sugar, and dry matter, whereas no effect was found for glucose and fructose contents. Individual sugar contents correlated significantly with each other. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that plum cultivars were clearly differentiated according to variability of sugar in fruit caused by climatic conditions. The obtained results highlighted that climatic conditions may have significant effect on plum fruit quality and, therefore, it is important to have adequate testing before recommending a cultivar for planting.
Growth and flower quality production of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) response to phosphorous fertilization

A Pot experiment to investigate “growth and flower quality production of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) response to phosphorous fertilization” was conducted at the Ornamental Horticulture nursery Department of Horticulture, The University Agriculture Peshawar during 2014. The experiment was laid out Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor repeated three times. In the experiment Marigold plants were fertilized with five level of phosphorous (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 kg ha -1 ). Result revealed that application of phosphorous significantly affected the various growth parameters except leaf area. Maximum plant height (38.30cm), number of branches plant -1 (32.00) and fresh flower weight (11.11gm) was recorded at phosphorous 60 kg ha -1 , while highest stem diameter (0.69cm), more number of leaves plant -1 (335.67) and number of flower plant -1 (9.06) was recorded at phosphorous 80 kg ha -1 . Phosphorus dose of 60 kg ha -1 and 80 kg ha -1 significantly affected study parameters of the tested crop of marigold. The experiment revealed that (60 and 80 kg ha -1 ) may for good quality flower production of Marigold
Factors Behind Intergenerational Occupational Mobility: Evidences From Uttar Pradesh (India)

This paper investigates the intergenerational occupational mobility as a result of socio-economic background of the individual. It is aimed at examining the factors behind an individual choosing the same occupation of his forefathers. It is done on the three generation information. The study used a household survey data held in Uttar Pradesh. From the sample data, it is shown that 47.8% of the respondent has chosen their parental occupation. The occupational pattern of the three generation has also been revealed which do not show a very different pattern. Thus the study shows the inequality of opportunity available to the individual in choosing their occupation. Further this study uses econometric tools to draw the information about the reason underlying the choice of same occupation. It has been done by Bi-variate logistic regression reporting odds ratios. The result shows that landholding, caste, educational and economic status of the people play a key role in determining intergenerational occupational mobility.
Use of anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccines in African elephants (Loxodonta africana): A review

Background: Androgen-related aggressive behaviour and musth cause serious problems in captive African elephant bulls and often lead to human and animal injuries, and damage to property.Objectives: To review the work carried out with anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccines to control androgen-related behaviour and fertility in captive and free-ranging elephant bulls and the induction of anoestrus in elephant cows.Method: In the first study, an anti-GnRH vaccine from Pepscan was tested in six bulls (four captive and two free-ranging). Once the vaccine Improvac® became available, the effect on behaviour, the reproductive organs and semen quality was tested. Improvac® was also used to attempt induction of anoestrus in elephant cows.Results: The first study proved that aggressive behaviours are significantly associated with increased faecal androgen concentrations. Musth (n = 1) and aggressive behaviour (n = 2) were down regulated and correlated with a decline in faecal androgen concentrations. Aggression and musth could be controlled with Improvac® (600 µg), but were more consistent when the dose was increased to 1000 µg administered every five to six months. The same dose down regulated testicular function and bulls (n = 17) were rendered infertile within 12 months after commencement of treatment. Initial attempts to induce anoestrous with 600 µg in free-ranging elephant cows gave inconclusive results, but 1000 µg in captive cows delivered five-monthly was successful.Conclusion: The treatment of elephant bulls with Improvac® resulted in the successful down-regulation of androgen-related behaviour and sperm production in captive and wild elephant bulls of various ages (≤ 34 years). Preliminary studies to induce anoestrus in cows with Improvac® appear to be successful.
Interpretable High-Dimensional Inference Via Score Projection With an Application in Neuroimaging

ABSTRACT In the fields of neuroimaging and genetics, a key goal is testing the association of a single outcome with a very high-dimensional imaging or genetic variable. Often, summary measures of the high-dimensional variable are created to sequentially test and localize the association with the outcome. In some cases, the associations between the outcome and summary measures are significant, but subsequent tests used to localize differences are underpowered and do not identify regions associated with the outcome. Here, we propose a generalization of Rao’s score test based on projecting the score statistic onto a linear subspace of a high-dimensional parameter space. The approach provides a way to localize signal in the high-dimensional space by projecting the scores to the subspace where the score test was performed. This allows for inference in the high-dimensional space to be performed on the same degrees of freedom as the score test, effectively reducing the number of comparisons. Simulation results demonstrate the test has competitive power relative to others commonly used. We illustrate the method by analyzing a subset of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. Results suggest cortical thinning of the frontal and temporal lobes may be a useful biological marker of Alzheimer’s disease risk. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Jumping across Wallace's line: Allodessus Guignot and Limbodessus Guignot revisited (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini) based on molecular‐phylogenetic and morphological data

The monotypic genus Allodessus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini) has previously been considered to be strictly Australian, with A. bistrigatus (Clark) having a wide range on that continent and in Tonga. Based on data gathered from extensive museum collections and a molecular phylogeny of the group, this concept is revised. The following species of the Bidessini are now assigned to Allodessus: Bidessus megacephalus Gschwendtner (East Palearctic), Liodessus oliveri Ordish (New Zealand), Bidessus skottsbergi Zimmermann (Chile: Easter Island) and Bidessus thienemanni Csiki (Indonesia: Java). The latter, as well as L. oliveri, are morphologically extremely similar to A. bistrigatus and are, perhaps, the same species. As currently delimited, Allodessus has a wide range, spanning parts of the Australian, Oriental, Palearctic and Oceanian regions. Based on a cladistic analysis of mtDNA sequence data, we synonymize Boongurrus Larson and Tjirtudessus Watts & Humphreys with Limbodessus Guignot. Australian species of Liodessus Guignot are transferred to Limbodessus, which is the sister group of Allodessus. The following 33 species are transferred to Limbodessus: Oceania –Liodessus cheesmanae (Balfour-Browne 1939) [Vanuatu], Bidessus curviplicatus Zimmermann 1927[Samoa]; Australian epigean–Bidessus dispar Sharp 1882, B. praelargus Lea 1899, Hydroporus amabilis Clark 1862, H. gemellus Clark 1862, B. inornatus Sharp 1882, B. Shuckardii Clark 1862; Australian hyporheic –Boongurrus rivulus Larson 1994; Australian stygobiont –Nirridessus bigbellensis Watts & Humphreys 2000, N. challaensis Watts & Humphreys 2001, N. cueensis Watts & Humphreys 2000, N. fridaywellensis Watts & Humphreys 2001, N. hinkleri Watts & Humphreys 2000, N. lapostaae Watts & Humphreys 1999, N. masonensis Watts & Humphreys 2001, N. morgani Watts & Humphreys 2000, N. pinnaclesensis Watts & Humphreys 2001, N. pulpa Watts & Humphreys 1999, N. windarraensis Watts & Humphreys 1999, Tjirtudessus bialveus Watts & Humphreys 2003, T. cunyuensis Watts & Humphreys 2003, T. eberhardi Watts & Humphreys 1999, T. hahni Watts & Humphreys 2000, T. jundeeensis Watts & Humphreys 2003, T. karalundiensis Watts & Humphreys 2003, T. macrotarsus Watts & Humphreys 2003, T. magnificus Watts & Humphreys 2000, T. raesidensis Watts & Humphreys 2001, T. silus Watts & Humphreys 2003, T. sweetwatersensis Watts & Humphreys 2003, T. wilunaensis Watts & Humphreys 2003, T. yuinmeryensis Watts & Humphreys 2003. Limbodessus compactus (Clark) has a wide Asian/Australian range, while all other Limbodessus spp. are endemic to the Australian region and represent an adaptive radiation of epigean, hyporheic and subterranean species, as well as numerous undescribed New Guinea high-altitude specialists. Another species of Bidessini, Papuadessus pakdjoko Balke, is newly recorded from Papua New Guinea here.
ACOUSTIC CORRELATES OF EMPHASIS IN ARABIC

The effects of emphasis, a secondary articulation in the posterior vocal tract, were investigated in the speech of 8 speakers of Jordanian Arabic. A number of acoustic parameters were measured in the consonants and vowels of mono- and bisyllabic minimal pairs containing plain or emphatic consonants in initial, medial, or final position. In general, the acoustic correlates of emphasis include a raised F1, lowered F2, and raised F3 in the vowel adjacent to the emphatic consonant. This pattern across the three formants suggests that emphasis involves a constriction near the epiglottis. In addition, the present results indicate that the spectral mean of the consonant itself is also a reliable acoustic correlate of emphasis. However, while the spread of emphasis can be detected throughout both vowels of bisyllabic words, only the target consonants themselves (not the surrounding consonants) show an effect of emphasis.
Strain, Social Support, and Retreatism Among African Americans

This study tests Agnew's general strain theory (GST) for African Americans, a population neglected in GST research. Specifically, we examined (a) the differential effects of inner-and outer-directed negative emotions on withdrawing behavior and (b) the conditioning effects of social support on the understudied, deviant coping behavior. OLS regression analyses of data from a national survey of African American adults provide empirical evidence that depression and anxiety have larger effects on withdrawing behavior than anger. Findings also provide some support for the hypothesis that social support tends to weaken or buffer the effects of nonangry emotions on withdrawing behavior.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the First Isolate of Polish H1N2 Swine Influenza Virus

Abstract Phylogenetic analysis of the genes determining influenza virus subtype - haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), was performed. The results showed that the Polish H1N2 isolate (A/Swine/Poland15817/2011) was reassortant of human-like swine H1N1 and human-like swine H3N2 origin. The novel isolate was presented to have a close phylogenic relationship with one of the latest European isolates of H1N2 (A/SW/Gent/102/2007 and A/SW/Hungary/13509/2007). Our evolutionary analyses also suggested that the HA and NA genes evolved in a significantly higher rate of synonymous substitutions after they were introduced from human to swine and established the European H1N2 swine lineage.
stand dynamics, spatial pattern and site quality in Austrocedrus chilensis forests in Patagonia, Argentina

Aim of study: The objective of this study was to analyze the stand structure and spatial pattern of two A. chilensis stands with contrasting soil conditions and different site qualities in order to explore if these differences lead to patterns similar to the ones observed under different precipitation conditions. Area of study: The study was carried out in two stands located near the city of El Bolson (41° 56’S - 71° 33’ W), Rio Negro, Argentina. Material and methods: We evaluated age difference between canopy strata (upper and lower) in two stands with different site qualities by means of a Mann-Whitney test. Dead individuals by diameter class were compared by means of a chi square test. Spatial distribution pattern was analyzed using the pair-correlation function and the mark-correlation function. Main results: Both sites exhibited a random spatial distribution of A. chilensis but different processes seem to underlie the patterns. In the low-quality site facilitation and continuous establishment led to a transient clumped spatial pattern. Mortality mediated by competition occurred mainly on small trees resulting in the current random pattern. On the other hand, spatial pattern in the high-quality site does not reflect a facilitation mediated recruitment. The upper strata established synchronously and subsequent regeneration was episodic. Research highlights: The results show that the differences in site quality may lead to different establishment spatial patterns, showing the importance of facilitation processes in sites with drier soil conditions and lower quality, although results may be site specific, due to the lack of replications.
Fluctuation-induced first-order phase transition in Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya helimagnets

Two centuries of research on phase transitions have repeatedly highlighted the importance of critical fluctuations that abound in the vicinity of a critical point. They are at the origin of scaling laws obeyed by thermodynamic observables close to second-order phase transitions resulting in the concept of universality classes, that is of paramount importance for the study of organizational principles of matter. Strikingly, in case such soft fluctuations are too abundant they may alter the nature of the phase transition profoundly; the system might evade the critical state altogether by undergoing a discontinuous first-order transition into the ordered phase. Fluctuation-induced first-order transitions have been discussed broadly and are germane for superconductors, liquid crystals, or phase transitions in the early universe, but clear experimental confirmations remain scarce. Our results from neutron scattering and thermodynamics on the model Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) helimagnet (HM) MnSi show that such a fluctuation-induced first-order transition is realized between its paramagnetic and HM state with remarkable agreement between experiment and a theory put forward by Brazovskii. While our study clarifies the nature of the HM phase transition in MnSi that has puzzled scientists for several decades, more importantly, our conclusions entirely based on symmetry arguments are also relevant for other DM-HMs with only weak cubic magnetic anisotropies. This is in particular noteworthy in light of a wide range of recent discoveries that show that DM helimagnetism is at the heart of problems such as topological magnetic order, multiferroics, and spintronics.
Measuring annual price elasticities in Dutch health insurance; a new method

This paper proposes a new method for estimating annual price elasticities from market share data of health insurers. In contrast to traditional methods the elasticity is derived from bilateral price elasticities which relate the net share of switchers between two health insurers not only to their premium difference but also to the market share and premium of the higher priced health insurer. Our new method explains the annual variation in the Dutch market share data better than the traditional methods. We find in the Dutch social health insurance for the period 1996-2005 rather low negative annual price elasticities ranging between 1 and 0. In that period stickiness of insurer choices was high and less than 5% of the population switched annually from health insurer. This result, however, was in sharp contrast with an exceptional high price elasticity of 7 for the year 2006, where after a major health care reform about 18% of the population switched mostly to lower priced health insurers. Besides large media coverage, one important difference with previous years was that many consumers holding an individual contract could switch to a lower priced group contract.
Internal dynamics of the Large Magellanic Cloud from Gaia DR2

We use the proper motions (PM) of half a million red giant stars in Large Magellanic Cloud measured by Gaia to construct a 2d kinematic map of mean PM and its dispersion across the galaxy, out to 7 Kpc from its centre. We then construct dynamical models and measure the rotation curve, mean azimuthal velocity, velocity dispersion profiles, and the orientation of the galaxy. We find that the circular velocity reaches 100 km/s at 5 Kpc, and that the velocity dispersion ranges from 40-50 km/s in the galaxy centre to 20 km/s at 7 Kpc.
Study of diluted magnetic semiconductor: Co-doped ZnO

We report on the high-temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO films fabricated by the sol–gel method above 350 K. The lattice constant of c axis of wurtzite Zn1−xCoxO follows Vergard’s law for 0<x<0.25. For Zn1−xCoxO with x⩾0.25, a secondary phase is detected. The Zn1−xCoxO exhibits ferromagnetic behavior with a Curie temperature higher than 350 K. By the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, we assume that Co occupied the Zn site without changing the wurtzite structure. In the case of x=0.2, the coercive field measured by a magnetization–magnetic field hysteresis curve at 350 K was nearly 80 Oe. Additionally, we investigated the electric structure through first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave calculation.
Evaluation of Competitiveness Responses From the Leather Value Chain Strata in Kenya

Leather sector competitiveness encompasses fundamental aspects that provide the thrust to the sector. The prerequisites that are required include entrepreneurial-ship, harnessing of technology acquisition and transfer, research and development, appropriate policies and investment. In addition, these aspects through appropriate opportunity management and value creation initiative creates ambience in becoming competitive. The study also found out that productivity driven on efficient and effective resource management strategies are key for enterprises to be competitive in Africa. It is with this background that the study analyzed the responses from the leather strata in Kenya and related this to competitiveness. Moreover, the research evaluated the significance of the interrelationship between various stratums that interphase in the value creation process of the leather sector and also determined the impact of activities identified towards competitiveness. The study used a quantitative approach (n=244), descriptive analysis including an aggregate score to ascertain the top activities impacting on competitiveness in Kenya. The results indicated that producers and butchers were impacted with enterprise competitiveness and as a preference that followed, required the government to encourage investment. Traders were mostly concerned with price competitiveness and this was closely, associated with stiff competition in sourcing for raw materials in the country. However, tanners, leather goods and footwear required investments to improve on the leather and leather products with a concern raised for the flooding of leather products. This was deemed to stifle leather goods and footwear stratums’ competitiveness. In general, responses of the study were significant with the study depicting that with appropriate value-addition initiatives it is feasible to transform the leather strata to become competitive. Thusly, the overall results indicated that activities were significant (p<0.05) to the value chain stratum towards competitiveness. Therefore, this observation strengthened the aspect of considering competitiveness as key to spur tangible results in the development and growth of the leather sector in Kenya.
Pre-Pliocene tectonostratigraphic framework of the Provence continental shelf (eastern Gulf of Lion, SE France)

The seaward extension of onshore formations and structures were previously almost unknown in Provence. The interpretation of 2D high-resolution marine seismic profiles together with the integration of sea-bottom rock samples provides new insights into the stratigraphic, structural and paleogeographic framework of pre-Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) deposits of the Provence continental shelf. Seven post-Jurassic seismic units have been identified on seismic profiles, mapped throughout the offshore Provence area and correlated with the onshore series. The studied marine surface and sub-surface database provided new insights into the mid and late Cretaceous paleogeography and structural framework as well as into the syn-and post-rift deformation in Provence. Thick (up to 2000 m) Aptian-Albian series whose deposition is controlled by E-W-trending faults are evidenced offshore. The occurrence and location of the Upper Cretaceous South-Provence basin is confirmed by the thick (up to 1500 m) basinal series downlaping the Aptian-Albian unit. This basin was fed in terrigenous sediments by a southern massif (" Massif Meridional ") whose present-day relict is the Paleozoic basement and its sedimentary cover from the Sicie imbricate. In the bay of Marseille, thick syn-rift (Rupelian to Aquitanian) deposition occurred (>1000 m). During the rifting phase, syn-sedimentary deformations consist of dominant N040 to N060 sub-vertical faults with a normal component and N050 drag-synclines and anticlines. The syn-rift and early post-rift units (Rupelian to early Burdigalian) are deformed and form a set of E-W-trending en echelon folds that may result from sinistral strike-slip reactivation of N040 to N060 normal faults during a N-S com-pressive phase of early-to-mid Burdigalian age (18-20 Ma). Finally, minor fault reactivation and local folding affect post-rift deposits within a N160-trending corridor localized south of La Couronne, and could result from a later, post-Burdigalian and pre-Pliocene compressive phase.