Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computerised interventions designed to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing in hospitalised older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background computerised interventions have been suggested as an effective strategy to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) for hospitalised older adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the evidence for efficacy of computerised interventions designed to reduce PIP in this patient group. Methods an electronic literature search was conducted using eight databases up to October 2017. Included studies were controlled trials of computerised interventions aiming to reduce PIP in hospitalised older adults (≥65 years). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's Effective Practice and Organisation of Care criteria. Results of 653 records identified, eight studies were included-two randomised controlled trials, two interrupted time series analysis studies and four controlled before-after studies. Included studies were mostly at a low risk of bias. Overall, seven studies showed either a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of patients prescribed a potentially inappropriate medicine (PIM) (absolute risk reduction {ARR} 1.3-30.1%), or in PIMs ordered (ARR 2-5.9%). However, there is insufficient evidence thus far to suggest that these interventions can routinely improve patient-related outcomes. It was only possible to include three studies in the meta-analysis-which demonstrated that intervention patients were less likely to be prescribed a PIM (odds ratio 0.6; 95% CI 0.38, 0.93). No computerised intervention targeting potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) was identified. Conclusions this systematic review concludes that computerised interventions are capable of statistically significantly reducing PIMs in hospitalised older adults. Future interventions should strive to target both PIMs and PPOs, ideally demonstrating both cost-effectiveness data and clinically significant improvements in patient-related outcomes.
Polarization- and Angular-Resolved Optical Response of Molecules on Anisotropic Plasmonic Nanostructures

A sometimes overlooked degree of freedom in the design of many spectroscopic (mainly Raman) experiments involve the choice of experimental geometry and polarization arrangement used. Although these aspects usually play a rather minor role, their neglect may result in a misinterpretation of the experimental results. It is well known that polarization- and/or angular- resolved spectroscopic experiments allow one to classify the symmetry of the vibrations involved or the molecular orientation with respect to a smooth surface. However, very low detection limits in surface-enhancing spectroscopic techniques are often accompanied by a complete or partial loss of this detailed information. In this review, we will try to elucidate the extent to which this approach can be generalized for molecules adsorbed on plasmonic nanostructures. We will provide a detailed summary of the state-of-the-art experimental findings for a range of plasmonic platforms used in the last ~ 15 years. Possible implications on the design of plasmon-based molecular sensors for maximum signal enhancement will also be discussed.
Teaching in a Culture of Love: An Open Dialogue about African American Student Learning

Building relationships between teachers, school administrators, parents, and students is an ongoing process, and the core component of such relationships is teaching and learning. There is much to learn about developing supportive relationships that encourage today’s diverse students and their parents in the U.S. However, there is an ongoing argument that few schools adequately equip preservice and in-service teachers with the necessary tools to prepare students to function in today’s literate and global societies. For instance, some teachers mirror the dominant culture, which often follows a White savior mentality of seeking to “save” students who are considered less fortunate, or they subscribe to a deficit view model that perceives stereotypical biases and creates low expectations of students of color. In this article, we introduce the term “teaching in a culture of love” to debunk these models and instead seek to value diverse students and families’ lives both within and outside school communities. Situated in Yosso’s community cultural wealth framework, this work brings an awareness of the cultural capital that Black and Brown students already employ to leverage and improve their experiences in schools around the use of technology and literacy. This article combines community cultural wealth with recommendations for educators concerning (a) culturally appropriate pedagogical practices, (b) diverse and global literature for student development and engagement, and (c) digital literacy practices that create cultural relationships for 21st century learners. SCHOOL COMMUNITY JOURNAL 214
All-atom simulations disentangle the functional dynamics underlying gene maturation in the intron lariat spliceosome

Significance Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing is a crucial step of gene expression, enabling the maturation of pre-mRNA transcripts into protein-coding mRNAs. In humans, a majestic ribonucleoprotein machinery—the spliceosome—governs this fundamental process, the defects and misregulation of which lead to over 200 human diseases. A thorough understanding of splicing is pivotal for biology and medicine, holding the promise of harnessing it for genome modulation applications. Despite the recent breakthroughs gained by cryo-EM, an atomic-resolution picture of the spliceosome functional plasticity is still missing. Here, all-atom simulations elucidate the cooperative motions underlying the functional dynamics of the spliceosome at a late stage of the splicing cycle, suggesting the role of specific proteins involved in the spliceosome disassembly from an atomic-level perspective. The spliceosome (SPL) is a majestic macromolecular machinery composed of five small nuclear RNAs and hundreds of proteins. SPL removes noncoding introns from precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) and ligates coding exons, giving rise to functional mRNAs. Building on the first SPL structure solved at near–atomic-level resolution, here we elucidate the functional dynamics of the intron lariat spliceosome (ILS) complex through multi-microsecond-long molecular-dynamics simulations of ∼1,000,000 atoms models. The ILS essential dynamics unveils (i) the leading role of the Spp42 protein, which heads the gene maturation by tuning the motions of distinct SPL components, and (ii) the critical participation of the Cwf19 protein in displacing the intron lariat/U2 branch helix. These findings provide unprecedented details on the SPL functional dynamics, thus contributing to move a step forward toward a thorough understanding of eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing.
Thromboembolic risk after lumbar spine surgery: a cohort study on 325 000 French patients

Essentials The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after lumbar spine surgery (LBS) is not precisely known. More than 320 000 patients who underwent LBS in France between 2009 and 2014 were followed‐up. The overall risk of VTE after LBS is less than 1% but modulated by patient and procedural factors. Surgical device implantation, anterior approach and complex surgery increase the risk of VTE.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY BETWEEN AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID-FORMULATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objectives: It is not yet established the advantages between amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) and liposomal (L-AmB) in patients with invasive fungal infections refractory to usual doses of conventional AmB (d-AmB), previous renal impairment, or unacceptable d-AmB renal toxicity. This systematic review aims to compare ABLC and L-AmB effectiveness and safety outcomes in these subgroups of patients. Methods: The search was performed on Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and LILACS databases. Inclusion criteria: treatment comparing L-AmB with ABLC; patients who had (i) refractory infection after being treated with d-AmB, (ii) previous renal impairment, or (iii) unacceptable d-AmB toxicity. Two investigators independently screened the search results, assessed trial quality, and extracted data. A total of 1,054 articles were identified in the literature. Among those, eleven were selected for full-text reading and five met the inclusion criteria. Results: The five articles included reported on four separate observational studies. Overall, no significant difference was found in clinical relevant outcomes as new-onset dialysis, length of hospital stay, or mortality when comparing both lipid formulations. The studies reported a trend toward lower nephrotoxicity in patients treated with L-AmB. However, the results were imprecise and heterogeneous and the studies presented important methodological biases. Conclusions: The studies included in this systematic review pointed toward less nephrotoxicity events in the L-AmB group. However, due to low quality of evidence and no statistically significant differences in other clinical relevant outcomes, there is no definitive evidence of overall superiority in effectiveness or safety outcomes regarding one lipid formulation or another in this population subgroup.
Risk Factors of the Recurrences of Pancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs) are rare neoplasms with low-grade malignancy. The main treatment for them is surgical resection. However, some SPTs relapse after resection. The risk factors associated with the recurrences of resected SPTs remain controversial to date. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the risk factors of the recurrences of pancreatic SPTs. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from their inception to December 2017. Studies that focused on the risk factors of postoperative relapses of pancreatic SPTs were enrolled. Combined ORs with 95% CIs were calculated to evaluate the effects of relevant factors investigated in eligible studies. Heterogeneity among combined results was assessed by Cochran's Q test and by the degree of inconsistency (I2). Statistical analyses were performed by Review Manager (version 5.3) using random effects models. Results: We included 10 studies, which enrolled 1091 patients. The pooled results suggested that patients with larger tumors (diameter > 5cm), lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, synchronous metastasis and positive margin were prone to suffer from the recurrences of SPTs. In addition, some factors like gender, location of tumors, perineural invasion, calcification and capsular invasion did not show any correlation with the relapses of resected SPTs. Conclusion: Factors including a larger tumor size (diameter > 5cm), lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, synchronous metastasis and positive margin may increase the risk of recurrences of resected pancreatic SPTs. All SPTs should be excised and patients with high-risk features should undergo a long-term follow-up.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Periodontitis Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

BACKGROUND The incidence of periodontitis is higher when metabolic syndrome (MS) is present. However, only few Korean studies have compared the risk factors for MS and periodontitis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for periodontitis relative to the presence of MS. METHODS The data collected from 13,196 respondents of the 2010-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in South Korea, which include periodontitis and MS parameters, were analyzed after propensity score matching of sex and age. RESULTS A total of 29% of the participants had periodontitis. The periodontitis group had more males (53%), lower number of participants who had a high educational level (66.6%), and higher body mass index (24.3 ± 3.2) and waist circumference (83.8 ± 9.2) than the nonperiodontitis group. Moreover, the periodontitis group exhibited higher systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose and plasma triglyceride levels, but lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the nonperiodontitis group (P < 0.001). Several patients in the periodontitis group had hypertension (43.3%) and diabetes mellitus (17.3%), but only few had chronic kidney disease (3.4%). Multiple regression analysis showed that the risk of periodontitis increased when MS, diabetes mellitus, and smoking history were present. Particularly, the risk of periodontitis increased as the number of MS components increased (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MS had 1.12-fold higher risk of periodontitis than those without. Additionally, patients who had diabetes mellitus and were smokers had a particularly high risk of periodontitis. The risk of periodontitis increased as the number of MS components increased.
Genotyping analysis of MNS blood group GP(B‐A‐B) hybrid glycophorins in the Chinese Southern Han population using a high‐resolution melting assay

MNS hybrid GP(B‐A‐B) glycophorins are more commonly found in Southeast Asians and alloantibodies to antigens they carry are clinically significant. Detection of hybrid glycophorins by serologic techniques is limited due to lack of commercial reagents. In this study, a genotyping method for GP(B‐A‐B) hybrid glycophorins based on high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis was applied for genotyping analysis in the Chinese Southern Han population.
Internet-Based Interventions Aimed at Supporting Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: Systematic Review

Background Caring for someone with dementia is one of the most challenging caring roles. The need for support for family caregivers has been recognized for some time but is often still lacking. With an aging population, demand on health and social care services is growing, and the population is increasingly looking to the internet for information and support. Objective In this review, we aimed to (1) identify the key components of existing internet-based interventions designed to support family caregivers of people with dementia, (2) develop an understanding of which components are most valued by caregivers, and (3) consider the evidence of effectiveness of internet-based interventions designed to support family caregivers of people with dementia. Methods We conducted a systematic search of online databases in April 2018. We searched reference lists and tracked citations. All study designs were included. We adopted a narrative synthesis approach with thematic analysis and tabulation as tools. Results We identified 2325 studies, of which we included 40. The interventions varied in the number and types of components, duration and dose, and outcomes used to measure effectiveness. The interventions focused on (1) contact with health or social care providers, (2) peer interaction, (3) provision of information, (4) decision support, and (5) psychological support. The overall quality of the studies was low, making interpretation and generalizability of the effectiveness findings difficult. However, most studies suggested that interventions may be beneficial to family caregiver well-being, including positive impacts on depression, anxiety, and burden. Particular benefit came from psychological support provided online, where several small randomized controlled trials suggested improvements in caregiver mental health. Provision of information online was most beneficial when tailored specifically for the individual and used as part of a multicomponent intervention. Peer support provided in online groups was appreciated by most participants and showed positive effects on stress. Finally, online contact with a professional was appreciated by caregivers, who valued easy access to personalized practical advice and emotional support, leading to a reduction in burden and strain. Conclusions Although mixed, the results indicate a positive response for the use of internet-based interventions by caregivers. More high-quality studies are required to identify the effectiveness of internet interventions aimed at supporting family caregivers, with particular focus on meeting the needs of caregivers during the different stages of dementia.
A Preclinical Model for the ATLL Lymphoma Subtype With Insights Into the Role of Microenvironment in HTLV-1-Mediated Lymphomagenesis

Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature T cell malignancy associated with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Among its four main clinical subtypes, the prognosis of acute and lymphoma variants remains poor. The long latency (3–6 decades) and low incidence (3–5%) of ATLL imply the involvement of viral and host factors in full-blown malignancy. Despite multiple preclinical and clinical studies, the contribution of the stromal microenvironment in ATLL development is not yet completely unraveled. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of the host microenvironment, and specifically fibroblasts, in ATLL pathogenesis and to propose a murine model for the lymphoma subtype. Here we present evidence that the oncogenic capacity of HTLV-1-immortalized C91/PL cells is enhanced when they are xenotransplanted together with human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) in immunocompromised BALB/c Rag2-/-γc-/- mice. Moreover, cell lines derived from a developed lymphoma and their subsequent in vivo passages acquired the stable property to induce aggressive T cell lymphomas. In particular, one of these cell lines, C91/III cells, consistently induced aggressive lymphomas also in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγc KO (NSG) mice. To dissect the mechanisms linked to this enhanced tumorigenic ability, we quantified 45 soluble factors released by these cell lines and found that 21 of them, mainly pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, were significantly increased in C91/III cells compared to the parental C91/PL cells. Moreover, many of the increased factors were also released by human fibroblasts and belonged to the known secretory pattern of ATLL cells. C91/PL cells co-cultured with HFF showed features reminiscent of those observed in C91/III cells, including a similar secretory pattern and a more aggressive behavior in vivo. On the whole, our data provide evidence that fibroblasts, one of the major stromal components, might enhance tumorigenesis of HTLV-1-infected and immortalized T cells, thus throwing light on the role of microenvironment contribution in ATLL pathogenesis. We also propose that the lymphoma induced in NSG mice by injection with C91/III cells represents a new murine preclinical ATLL model that could be adopted to test novel therapeutic interventions for the aggressive lymphoma subtype.
Determinants of Micronutrient Fortified Blended Food (Balbhog) Consumption among Children 6–35 Months of Age Provided through the Integrated Child Development Services Program in Gujarat, India

Context: The state of Gujarat had introduced Extruded Fortified Blended Food, Balbhog, as take-home ration for children 6–35 months of age. The study aimed to understand awareness, availability, and consumption pattern of Balbhog and gain insights on factors influencing its regular use. Aims: This study aims to understand coverage and feeding practices of micronutrient fortified blended food (Balbhog) and determine factors for its regular use. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1623 households with children of 6–35 months of age registered in Anganwadi centers was conducted in the four districts of Gujarat. Household and dietary survey were conducted to understand child care and feeding practices at household level. Results: The results showed high awareness about Balbhog (88.6%) among caregivers, with majority reporting using it (81.7%) before. Regular Balbhog consumption (42.2%), however, declined considerably across all population characteristics. Monthly distribution of adequate Balbhog packets, taste of Balbhog preparations, meal frequency of children, and caregivers' participation in the monthly Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) event emerged as strong predictors of regular Balbhog consumption. No disparity in consumption was observed across socioeconomic characteristics of the population. Conclusion: Household feeding practices and ICDS program factors mediated regular use of Balbhog among children. Improving availability of entitled Balbhog packets, raising awareness about Balbhog preparations, and improving child feeding practices could help in increasing Balbhog consumption in the community.
The c-Abl inhibitor, Radotinib HCl, is neuroprotective in a preclinical Parkinson’s disease mouse model

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and c-Abl inhibition could be neuroprotective in PD and related α-synucleinopathies. Nilotinib, a c-Abl inhibitor, has shown improved motor and cognitive symptoms in PD patients. However, issues concerning blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration, lack of selectivity and safety still remain. Radotinib HCl is a selective Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor that not only effectively access the brain, but also exhibits greater pharmacokinetic properties and safety profiles compared to Nilotinib and other c-Abl inhibitors. Here, we show the neuroprotective efficacy of Radotinib HCl, a brain penetrant c-Abl inhibitor, in a pre-clinical model of PD. Importantly, in vitro studies demonstrate that the treatment of Radotinib HCl protects the α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFF)-induced neuronal toxicity, reduces the α-synuclein PFF-induced Lewy bodies (LB)/Lewy neurites (LN)-like pathology and inhibits the α-synuclein PFF-induced c-Abl activation in primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, administration of Radotinib HCl inhibits c-Abl activation and prevents dopaminergic neuron loss, neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits following α-synuclein PFF-induced toxicity in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that Radotinib HCl has beneficial neuroprotective effects in PD and provides an evidence that selective and brain permeable c-Abl inhibitors can be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
Dispositional self‐compassion and responses to mood challenge in people at risk for depressive relapse/recurrence

This paper explores the relationship between dispositional self‐compassion and cognitive emotion regulation capacities in individuals with a history of depression. Study 1 (n = 403) established that self‐compassion was associated with increased use of positive and decreased use of negative strategies, with small to medium sized correlations. Study 2 (n = 68) was an experimental study examining the association between dispositional self‐compassion, use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and changes in mood and self‐devaluation in participants exposed to a negative mood induction followed by mood repair (mindfulness, rumination, silence). Individuals with higher levels of dispositional self‐compassion showed greater mood recovery after mood induction, and less self‐devaluation across the experimental procedure, independent of their mood‐repair condition or habitual forms of cognitive emotion regulation. These results suggest that self‐compassion is associated with more adaptive responses to mood challenges in individuals with a history of recurrent depression.