Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discussing the posthosting evaluation of a mega sporting event: The perception of Warsaw Residents toward UEFA EURO 2012

The aim of this paper is to identify Warsaw residents’ perceptions and attitudes toward the UEFA EURO 2012 tournament. The investigation focused on how residents of Warsaw perceived the impacts of the tournament one year after the event. A questionnaire survey was applied using a stratified sampling method to 480 residents of Warsaw. The results of the survey and ordered logit regressions show that although the residents did not perceive that the economic benefits of the tournament were spread uniformly, a large majority valued the tournament’s role in promoting Warsaw as a tourist destination and enhancing the international identity of the city. Whereas residents generally displayed positive attitudes toward EURO 2012 in terms of lifting their pride and bringing the community closer together, they also noted some negative impacts of the event. The opinions expressed about the tournament depended on the age, education, and income of the responders. A majority of the residents agreed that the positive impacts of EURO 2012 outweighed the negative.
Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol . 12 , No . 2 ; April 2005 341 Investigations into the Effect of Humidity on Stator Winding Partial Discharges

) On-line partial discharge PD testing has become a powerful tool to plan the maintenance of stator windings of high voltage motors and generators. Interpretation of PD data is best done by monitoring the trend in PD over time. Unfortunately the trend in PD is sometimes difficult to ascertain, especially if the humidity within the stator is variable over time. This paper shows several examples of how PD is affected by humidity in operating machines. Laboratory experiments were also performed to duplicate this phenomenon. In most practical situations, it appears that the PD activity decreases as the humidity increases.
Thrombin generation in first-degree relatives of patients with venous thromboembolism who have factor V Leiden

Summary The thrombin generation test appears to be a highly sensitive and specific test in the detection of thrombophilia in patients with venous thromboembolism. We aimed to determine the accuracy of the thrombin generation test to detect factorV Leiden and/or other prothrombotic states in first-degree relatives of patients with venous thromboembolism and factor V Leiden. Sixty-two first-degree relatives of 21 index cases were tested for factor V Leiden, the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation and thrombin generation. Information about oestrogen therapy and previousVTE was also collected. The normalized Thrombomodulin sensitivity ratio (n-TMsr) was defined as the ratio of endogenous thrombin potential determined in the presence and absence of thrombomodulin which was normalized against the same ratio determined in normal control plasma. The mean n-TMsr was 1.37 (± 0.33) in the 45 relatives with one or more prothrombotic state (factor V Leiden, G20210A prothrombin mutation, oestrogen therapy or hormonal therapy) and 1.02 (± 0.34) in the 17 relatives without prothrombotic state (p = 0.001). The positive predictive value was 90.3 (95%CI, 73.1 – 97.4). In relatives with an abnormal n-TMsr, the adjusted odds ratio for having a prothrombotic state was 8.3 (95%CI, 1.9 – 36.9) and the adjusted odds ratio for having the factor V Leiden was 14.3 (95%CI, 2.9 – 71.2). An abnormal thrombin generation test appears highly predictive for having factor V Leiden and/or other prothrombotic states in first-degree relatives of patients with venous thromboembolism and factor V Leiden.
A comparative study of facial growth in Homo and Macaca.

Sections were prepared throughout all areas of the various facial bones in young, growing Rhesus monkeys. The detailed distribution of resorptive and depository surfaces and the distribution of endosteal and periosteal bone tissue types were determined. From this information, the sequence of remodeling changes associated with the growth of the facial skeleton was then interpreted. This study is a sequal to previous reports in which growth and remodeling processes in the human face were described using similar procedures. In the present report, growth changes in the monkey and human facial skeleton are compared and contrasted. The general plan of facial growth is similar in both species, but major differences exist in the area of the muzzle. The maxillary arch in the monkey is entirely depository in nature, and it grows in a forward and downward direction as the maxillary tuberosity simultaneously grows backward. In the human, the forward part of the maxillary arch is resorptive in character. This contrasting growth factor results in a downward but not forward movement of this area. The result is decreased prognathism. Other differences in growth pattern exist in the forehead, malar, chin, and orbit. The developmental and phylogenetic basis for the upright human face is discussed and evaluated.
Performance of computational cognitive models of web-navigation on real websites

Computational cognitive models of web-navigation developed so far have largely been tested only on mock-up websites. In this paper, for the first time, we compare and contrast the performance of two models, CoLiDeS and CoLiDeS+, on two real websites from the domains of technology and health, under two conditions of task difficulty, simple and difficult. We found that CoLiDeS+ predicted more hyperlinks on the correct path and had a higher path completion ratio than CoLiDeS. CoLiDeS+ found the target page more often than CoLiDeS, took more steps to reach the target page and was more ‘disoriented’ than CoLiDeS for difficult tasks. Difficult tasks in general for both models had less task success and lower path completion ratio, predicted less hyperlinks on the correct path, visited pages with lower mean LSA and took more steps to complete compared with simple tasks. Overall, inclusion of context from previously visited pages and implementation of backtracking strategies (which are both part of CoLiDeS+) led to better modelling performance. Suggestions to further improve the performance of these computational cognitive models on real websites are discussed.
Patterns of lingual tissue deformation associated with bolus containment and propulsion during deglutition as determined by echo‐planar MRI

Disordered lingual function is a common clinical attribute of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. To determine physiologic patterns of lingual tissue motion during swallowing, we imaged the actively deforming tongue during water bolus swallows with sequential single‐slice sagittal orientation echo‐planar imaging. At rest, with the bolus contained in the oral cavity before swallow initiation, the tongue displayed a characteristic curved configuration consisting of a convex surface (anterior to the bolus) in continuity with a concave surface (containing the bolus) and a posterior‐located convex surface (comprising the tongue base). With swallow initiation, the previously deformed tongue underwent rapid biphasic displacement: (a) superior displacement of the anterior tongue and deepening of the midposterior‐located bolus‐containing concavity, resulting in a laterally beveled surface encompassing the bolus; and (b) retrograde displacement of the configured tissue, resulting in clearance of the bolus from the oral cavity to the oropharynx. These findings indicate that deglutitive tongue action can be depicted by echo‐planar imaging as a series of deformative surface modifications, which are related to the activity of intrinsic and extrinsic lingual muscles.
What Is the Impact of Hypogammaglobulinemia on the Rate of Infections and Survival in Solid Organ Transplantation? A Meta‐Analysis

Hypogammaglobulinemia has been described after solid organ transplantation and has been associated with increased risk of infections. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of severe hypogammaglobulinemia and its relationship with the risk of infections during the first year posttransplantation. Eighteen studies (1756 patients) that evaluated hypogammaglobulinemia and posttransplant infections were included. The data were pooled using the DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects model. Q statistic method was used to assess statistical heterogeneity. Within the first year posttransplantation, the rate of hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG < 700 mg/dL) was 45% (95% CI: 0.34–0.55; Q = 330.1, p < 0.0001), the rate of mild hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG = 400–700 mg/dL) was 39% (95% CI: 0.22–0.56; Q = 210.09, p < 0.0001) and the rate of severe hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG < 400 mg/dL) was 15% (95% CI: 0.08–0.22; Q = 50.15, p < 0.0001). The rate of hypogammaglobulinemia by allograft type: heart 49% (21%–78%; Q = 131.16, p < 0.0001); kidney 40% (30%–49%; Q = 24.55, p = 0.0002); liver 16% (0.001%–35%; Q = 14.31, p = 0.0002) and lung 63% (53%–74%; Q = 6.85, p = 0.08). The odds of respiratory infection (OR = 4.83; 95% CI: 1.66–14.05; p = 0.004; I2 = 0%), CMV (OR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.16–4.96; p = 0.02; I2 = 26.66%), Aspergillus (OR = 8.19; 95% CI: 2.38–28.21; p = 0.0009; I2 = 17.02%) and other fungal infections (OR = 3.69; 95% CI: 1.11–12.33; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%) for patients with IgG <400 mg/dL were higher than the odds for patients with IgG >400 mg/dL. The odds for 1‐year all‐cause mortality for severe hypogammaglobulinemia group was 21.91 times higher than those for IgG >400 mg/dL group (95% CI: 2.49–192.55; p = 0.005; I2 = 0%). Severe hypogammaglobulinemia during the first year posttransplantation significantly increased the risk of CMV, fungal and respiratory infections, and was associated with higher 1‐year all‐cause mortality.
Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, and HPMC Can Define Release Mechanisms and Sustain Release of Propranolol Hydrochloride

The objectives were to characterize propranolol hydrochloride-loaded matrix tablets using guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as rate-retarding polymers. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation using these polymers alone and in combination, and physical properties of the granules and tablets were studied. Drug release was evaluated in simulated gastric and intestinal media. Rugged tablets with appropriate physical properties were obtained. Empirical and semi-empirical models were fit to release data to elucidate release mechanisms. Guar gum alone was unable to control drug release until a 1:3 drug/gum ratio, where the release pattern matched a Higuchi profile. Matrix tablets incorporating HPMC provided near zero-order release over 12 h and erosion was a contributing mechanism. Combinations of HPMC with guar or xanthan gum resulted in a Higuchi release profile, revealing the dominance of the high viscosity gel formed by HPMC. As the single rate-retarding polymer, xanthan gum retarded release over 24 h and the Higuchi model best fit the data. When mixed with guar gum, at 10% or 20% xanthan levels, xanthan gum was unable to control release. However, tablets containing 30% guar gum and 30% xanthan gum behaved as if xanthan gum was the sole rate-retarding gum and drug was released by Fickian diffusion. Release profiles from certain tablets match 12-h literature profiles and the 24-h profile of Inderal® LA. The results confirm that guar gum, xanthan gum, and HPMC can be used for the successful preparation of sustained release oral propranolol hydrochoride tablets.
The Antifungal Vaccine Derived from the Recombinant N Terminus of Als3p Protects Mice against the Bacterium Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT Vaccination with the recombinant N terminus of the candidal adhesin Als3p (rAls3p-N) protects mice from lethal candidemia. Candidal Als3p also is structurally similar to the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecule adhesin, clumping factor, from Staphylococcus aureus. To determine the potential for cross-kingdom vaccination, we immunized mice with rAls3p-N or negative control proteins and challenged them via the tail vein with S. aureus or other gram-positive or gram-negative pathogens. The rAls3p-N vaccine, but neither tetanus toxoid nor a related Als protein (Als5p), improved the survival of vaccinated mice subsequently infected with multiple clinical isolates of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains. The rAls3p-N vaccine was effective against S. aureus when combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. However, the vaccine did not improve the survival of mice infected with other bacterial pathogens. Vaccinated, infected mice mounted moderated type 1 immune responses. T lymphocyte-deficient mice were more susceptible to S. aureus infection, but B lymphocyte-deficient mice were not. Furthermore, T but not B lymphocytes from vaccinated mice mediated protection in adoptive transfer studies. The passive transfer of immune serum was not protective. These data provide the foundation for cross-kingdom vaccine development against S. aureus and Candida, which collectively cause 200,000 bloodstream infections resulting in ≥40,000 to 50,000 deaths annually in the United States alone.
Long term effect of fertilizer, manure and lime on yield sustainability and soil or-ganic carbon status under maize (Zea mays)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system in Alfisols

A field experiment was conducted on permanent manurial trial (PMT), initiated in 1956 to evaluate the long-term impact of fertilizer, manure and lime application on yield trends, soil organic carbon status, soil quality parameters and their inter-relationship with sustainable yield index (SYI) under maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol. } cropping system at Ranchi. The treatments were control, 100% N, 100% NP, 100% NPK, 100% NPK + lime, FYM alone and ½ [(N + FYM) + P (A-X/2) + K (B-Y/2)]. The result indicated that continuous application of 100% NPK along with lime recorded increasing yield of maize (46 kg/ha/yr) and wheat (43 kg/ha/yr), while imbalanced use of fertilizers like 100% N, 100% NP showed decline in yield trend. The application of 100% NPK + lime recorded highest value of SYI for maize (43.87) and wheat (36.39), respectively followed by integrated use of organics and inorganics and FYM alone. However, the value of SYI was negative due to application of N alone. Continuous addition of organic manure alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers significantly influenced the total organic carbon, CO2 evolution, microbial biomass, water soluble carbon, water soluble carbohydrates. The relationships between sustainable yield index (SYI) and soil quality parameters revealed that the total and active fractions of SOC ultimately support the productivity and in contrast, their losses reduce the nutrient supplying capacity of soil. Thus, continuous application of 100% NPK along with lime, FYM and integrated management practices had beneficial impact on restoration of SOC, maintaining soil fertility and yield sustainability of maize–wheat cropping system in Alfisol.
Heterologous production and functional and thermodynamic characterization of cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporters of mesophilic and hyperthermophilic origin

Abstract The members of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family transport heavy metal ions and play an important function in zinc ion homeostasis of the cell. A recent structure of an Escherichia coli CDF transporter protein YiiP has revealed its dimeric nature and autoregulatory zinc transport mechanism. Here, we report the cloning and heterologous production of four different CDF transporters, two each from the pathogenic mesophilic bacterium Salmonella typhimurium and from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus, in E. coli host cells. STM0758 of S. typhimurium was able to restore resistance to zinc ions when tested by complementation assays in the zinc-sensitive GG48 strain. Furthermore, copurification of bicistronically produced STM0758 and cross-linking experiments with the purified protein have revealed its possible oligomeric nature. The interaction between heavy metal ions and Aq_2073 of A. aeolicus was investigated by titration calorimetry. The entropy-driven, high-affinity binding of two Cd2+ and two Zn2+ per protein monomer with Kd values of around 100 nm and 1 μm, respectively, was observed. In addition, at least one more Zn2+ can be bound per monomer with low affinity. This low-affinity site is likely to possess a functional role contributing to Zn2+ transport across membranes.
Transfection of Human Breast Epithelial Cells with Foreign Dna Using Different Transfecting Techniques

The introduction of DNA into eukaryotic cells is a powerful technique for the study of gene regulation. This requires both a technique by which genes can efficiently be introduced into cells and a recipient cell representative of the tissue under study. We have utilized a spontaneously immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, CMF-10, which is phenotypically normal for introducing a neomycin-resistant gene contained in the plasmid Homer 6 (pHo6). Three different transfection methods were tested: calcium phosphate, with and without glycerol shock, using as control NIH/3T3 cells, and strontium phosphate and electroporation. In MCF-10 cells the efficiency of calcium phosphate mediated DNA transfection, which was measured as the number of colonies growing in neomycin-containing medium, was 21 and 140 fold higher than in MCF-10 cells transfected by electroporation and strontium phosphate methods, respectively. Glycerol shock enhanced three fold transfection efficiencies. NIH/3T3 transfected cells by calcium phosphate method showed a transfection efficiency similar to that of MCF-10 cells, however, glycerol shock did not improve the efficiency. These studies revealed that calcium phosphate combined with glycerol shock is the most efficient technique for transfection of genomic DNA into human breast epithelial cells.
Mid-term Follow-up of Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes in Cervical Total Disk Replacement (Mobi-C): Incidence of Heterotopic Ossification and Risk Factors

Introduction: Cervical arthroplasty has been shown to have successful, short-term and long-term radiologic and clinical outcomes. The incidence of and predisposing factors for heterotopic ossification (HO) have not been determined. We retrospectively assessed the intermediate-term clinical and radiologic outcomes, especially the incidence of HO and its risk factors. Methods: Our patient population consisted of 75 patients (85 levels) with cervical disk herniation. Mean follow-up was 40 months, with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. The numeric rating scale scores of neck and arm pain, the neck disability index, and Odom criteria were measured preoperatively and at 24 months postoperatively. Cervical overall lordosis, segmental lordosis, and range of motion at the operative level were evaluated immediately after surgery and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The incidence and location of HO were evaluated at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for HO. Results: The mean numeric rating scale scores and neck disability index scores decreased significantly over 24 months. According to Odom criteria, this represented an overall success rate of 86.7%. Mean segmental lordosis and motion increased and then decreased until 24 months. HO occurred in 67 levels at 12 months postoperatively, increasing to 80 levels at 24 months. The multivariate logistic regression test showed a statistically significant difference when using a different surgical technique (P=0.049). Conclusions: Intermediate follow-up of cervical arthroplasty showed good clinical outcomes, although there was a trend toward reduction in alignment and motion at 24 months. The overall HO occurrence was 94.1% at 24 months. In our study, the most important factor affecting HO was the different surgical techniques.
Attenuation of massive cytokine response to the staphylococcal enterotoxin B superantigen by the innate immunomodulatory protein lactoferrin

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a pyrogenic exotoxin and a potent superantigen which causes massive T cell activation and cytokine secretion, leading to profound immunosuppression and morbidity. The inhibition of SEB‐induced responses is thus considered a goal in the management of certain types of staphylococcal infections. Lactoferrin (LF) is a multi‐functional glycoprotein with both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. In addition, LF is known to have potent immunomodulatory properties. Given the anti‐microbial and anti‐inflammatory properties of this protein, we hypothesized that LF can modulate T cell responses to SEB. Here, we report that bovine LF (bLF) was indeed able to attenuate SEB‐induced proliferation, interleukin‐2 production and CD25 expression by human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR4 transgenic mouse T cells. This inhibition was not due to bLF's iron‐binding capacity, and could be mimicked by the bLF‐derived peptide lactoferricin. Cytokine secretion by an engineered SEB‐responsive human Jurkat T cell line and by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors was also inhibited by bLF. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized property of LF in modulation of SEB‐triggered immune activation and suggest a therapeutic potential for this naturally occurring protein during toxic shock syndrome.
Identification of Regulatory Elements That Control Expression of the tbpBA Operon in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

ABSTRACT Iron is an essential nutrient for survival and establishment of infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The neisserial transferrin binding proteins (Tbps) comprise a bipartite system for iron acquisition from human transferrin. TbpA is the TonB-dependent transporter that accomplishes iron internalization. TbpB is a surface-exposed lipoprotein that makes the iron uptake process more efficient. Previous studies have shown that the genes encoding these proteins are arranged in a bicistronic operon, with the tbpB gene located upstream of tbpA and separated from it by an inverted repeat. The operon is under the control of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur); however, promoter elements necessary for regulated expression of the genes have not been experimentally defined. In this study, putative regulatory motifs were identified and confirmed by mutagenesis. Further examination of the sequence upstream of these promoter/operator motifs led to the identification of several novel repeats. We hypothesized that these repeats are involved in additional regulation of the operon. Insertional mutagenesis of regions upstream of the characterized promoter region resulted in decreased tbpB and tbpA transcript levels but increased protein levels for both TbpA and TbpB. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology, we determined that a long RNA was produced from the region upstream of tbpB. We localized the 5′ endpoint of this transcript to between the two upstream insertions by qualitative RT-PCR. We propose that expression of this upstream RNA leads to optimized expression of the gene products from within the tbpBA operon.