Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium, Dairy Products, and Bone Health in Children and Young Adults: A Reevaluation of the Evidence

Objective. Numerous nutrition policy statements recommend the consumption of 800 to 1500 mg of calcium largely from dairy products for osteoporosis prevention; however, the findings of epidemiologic and prospective studies have raised questions about the efficacy of the use of dairy products for the promotion of bone health. The objective of this study was to review existing literature on the effects of dairy products and total dietary calcium on bone integrity in children and young adults to assess whether evidence supports (1) current recommended calcium intake levels and (2) the suggestion that dairy products are better for promoting bone integrity than other calcium-containing food sources or supplements. Methods. A Medline (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) search was conducted for studies published on the relationship between milk, dairy products, or calcium intake and bone mineralization or fracture risk in children and young adults (1–25 years). This search yielded 58 studies: 22 cross-sectional studies; 13 retrospective studies; 10 longitudinal prospective studies; and 13 randomized, controlled trials. Results. Eleven of the studies did not control for weight, pubertal status, and exercise and were excluded. Ten studies were randomized, controlled trials of supplemental calcium, 9 of which showed modest positive benefits on bone mineralization in children and adolescents. Of the remaining 37 studies of dairy or unsupplemented dietary calcium intake, 27 studies found no relationship between dairy or dietary calcium intake and measures of bone health. In the remaining 9 reports, the effects on bone health are small and 3 were confounded by vitamin D intake from milk fortified with vitamin D. Therefore, in clinical, longitudinal, retrospective, and cross-sectional studies, neither increased consumption of dairy products, specifically, nor total dietary calcium consumption has shown even a modestly consistent benefit for child or young adult bone health. Conclusion. Scant evidence supports nutrition guidelines focused specifically on increasing milk or other dairy product intake for promoting child and adolescent bone mineralization.
Geographic scope and multinational enterprise performance

Through an internalization theory lens, an argument is developed to suggest that the traditional concept of geographic scope should be split into two related, but more precise, elements of international asset dispersion and country environment diversity. Subsequently, these new concepts are tested using a structural equation modeling approach on a sample of 580 large multinational enterprises (MNEs). We find that the relationship between economic performance and international asset dispersion is positive, but that country environment diversity is negatively associated with performance, with a positive interaction between them. This study adds to our theoretical understanding of MNEs, and also provides a bridge between the mixed findings of prior research on multinationality by disentangling the unique effects of the latent subcomponents of geographic scope on firm performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arch width changes with a rapid maxillary expansion appliance anchored to the primary teeth.

OBJECTIVE To examine the dimensional changes after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) carried out in the transitional dentition with the primary teeth as anchorage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Group A was composed of 31 consecutive transitional dentition patients with posterior quadrant crossbites treated with a Haas-type RME appliance anchored on the maxillary primary molars and canines. No treatment was administered after palatal expansion. Study models were made before RME (T1), at appliance removal (T2), and at least 1 year after appliance removal (T3). A control sample of 60 individuals with posterior quadrant crossbites who had had no orthodontic treatment was categorized into group B (30 individuals with an average age comparable with the treated patients at T2) and group C (30 individuals with an average age comparable with the treated patients at T3). RESULTS Permanent molar crossbites were corrected at T2, and this correction was maintained at T3 in all patients. The mean permanent maxillary intermolar width was 42.6 +/- 2.3 mm at T1, 46.7 +/- 1.9 mm at T2 (P < .01), and 46.3 +/- 1.8 mm at T3 (P < .01) in group A; 42.9 +/- 2.7 mm (P < .01) in group B; and 44.4 +/- 3.0 (P < .01) in group C. Premolar and canine widths were slightly wider than the control at T3. CONCLUSION To avoid undesirable treatment-induced effects on maxillary permanent molars, a stable transverse correction could be achieved with the RME appliance anchored on the primary teeth.
Oscillation of the center of the Rabi pedestal in an optically pumped Cs beam standard

This paper is devoted to the study of the symmetry of the Rabi pedestal of the clock transition in an optically pumped Cs beam frequency standard. The frequency of the microwave oscillator is locked on the center of the Rabi pedestal using a square wave frequency modulation. We observe a modulation of the center frequency as a function of the modulation depth. Experimental investigations on this unexpected effect are reported.
Disaster Preparedness

Disaster preparedness training is a critical component of medical student education. Despite recent natural and man-made disasters, there is no national consensus on a disaster preparedness curriculum. The authors designed a survey to assess prior disaster preparedness training among incoming interns at an academic teaching hospital. In 2010, the authors surveyed incoming interns (n = 130) regarding the number of hours of training in disaster preparedness received during medical school, including formal didactic sessions and simulation, and their level of self-perceived proficiency in disaster management. Survey respondents represented 42 medical schools located in 20 states. Results demonstrated that 47% of interns received formal training in disaster preparedness in medical school; 64% of these training programs included some type of simulation. There is a need to improve the level of disaster preparedness training in medical school. A national curriculum should be developed with aspects that promote knowledge retention.
Technology acceptance and satisfaction with logistics services

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use the technology acceptance model (TAM) from the information technology (IT) literature to investigate the relationships among technology use and acceptance, and perceptions of quality and satisfaction with logistics services among industrial customers.Design/methodology/approach – To test the proposed model, an online survey was prepared using WebSurveyor and an introductory e‐mail with a link to the survey was sent to a sample of members of two professional organizations of industrial purchasing managers.Findings – The findings indicate that both logistics service quality (LSQ) perceptions and satisfaction levels are significantly related to future purchase intentions. In addition, LSQ perceptions mediate the relationship between the two TAM constructs and customer satisfaction.Originality/value – This paper provides additional insight on technology acceptance in the context of logistics and supply chain management. IT is a common thread throughout logistics a.
Interdependency, Contracting, and Relational Behavior in Marketing Channels

The dependency structure between wholesale-distributors and their major suppliers is posited to influence the type of contract—explicit and normative—used. In turn, dependency structure and type of contract is hypothesized to influence wholesale-distributor performance. This process occurs both directly and indirectly through some intermediate constructs, such as long-term orientation, relationship length, and relational behavior. The authors investigate three dependency structures: wholesaler dependent on supplier, supplier dependent on wholesaler, and high bilateral dependency. They obtain empirical support for many of the hypothesized linkages.
Spontaneous loss of heterozygosity leading to homozygous R132H in a patient-derived IDH1 mutant cell line.

Dear Editor, We report a novel follow-up observation pertaining to “An in vivo patient-derived model of endogenous IDH1-mutant glioma,” which was recently published in Neuro-Oncology.1 Since publication, we have observed the gradual and repeated loss of the wild-type IDH1 allele in vitro with retention of the mutant allele. Sequencing of IDH1 exon 4 from 3 independent late passage cultures showed homozygosity for the R132H allele (mut/-), whereas both mutant and wild-type alleles were present in the original line (mut/wt) and tumor (Fig. 1A). In addition, a decreased copy number was seen at the IDH locus, consistent with loss of the IDH1 wild-type allele (Fig. 1B). The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) has independently observed this phenomenon in BT142. The ATCC is preparing to distribute the BT142 mut/-,2 while we test conditions that best preserve the heterozygous phenotype. Fig. 1. Loss of heterozygosity in favor of the mutant allele of IDH1 correlates with a decreased copy number of the IDH1 locus. (a) IDH sequencing on the IDH1-mutant anaplastic oligoastrocytoma and derived IDHmt brain tumor stem cell line (BT142). (b) Copy number . The loss of the wild-type allele has been reported in vivo in patients and has been shown to be similar to phenotypically wild-type IDH, resulting in decreased 2-hydroxyglutarate production,3,4 also observed in the BT142 mut/- line. This unforeseen change leading to a second cell line will be valuable for comparisons of the implications of mutant and wild-type IDH phenotypes on proliferation, tumorigenicity, and therapeutic resistance in a syngeneic setting.
Who should we ask? Employer and employee perceptions of skill gaps within firms

Using the employer-employee matched National Employment Survey of Ireland carried out in 2006, this paper compares the skill gaps as perceived by managers and employees located within the same firm. The paper looks at the main drivers of agreement/disagreement on the perception of skill gaps and considers the extent to which the way of measuring these gaps helps to explain outcome variables such as labour costs and training expenditures. The research finds that both human resource management processes and collective bargaining arrangements are important factors in facilitating agreement of training needs. Skill gaps were found to increase average training costs and average labour costs. Finally, the evidence suggests that employee perceptions of skill gaps may be prone to higher levels of subjective bias.
The myocardial fibrosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The application of image analysis in the myocardial biopsies.

BACKGROUND The aim of our study is to investigate whether myocardial fibrosis measured by image analysis may be considered as an important and accurate index of dilated cardiomyopathy and its prognosis. METHODS The study group consisted of 24 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, which was diagnosed by echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography, cardiac catheterization, and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. The patients' overall disability was conventionally expressed with the criteria for functional capacity. Using image analysis, the percentage of fibrosis in a total of 35 myocardial biopsies was accurately measured, followed by a study comparing the percentage of myocardial fibrosis and the clinical parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction and overall functional capacity), showing the degree of each patient's heart failure. RESULTS A correlation was found among fibrosis, left ventricular ejection fraction, and overall functional capacity. The cases with small values of fibrosis (< 10%) have big values of ejection fraction and belong to Class I of overall functional capacity. The cases with big values of fibrosis (> 10%) belong to Classes III and IV of overall functional capacity and have small values of ejection fraction. The results of the comparative study were graphically presented and considered significant. CONCLUSION Myocardial fibrosis measured by image analysis might be considered an important prognostic index of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Customer loyalty: an empirical study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on establishing individuals' levels of loyalty and what sustains and develops their customer loyalty. This paper recognises the importance customer loyalty has for many competitive organisations and industries. However there has been less focus on what value customer's attach to customer loyalty in this context.Design/methodology/approach – A two‐stage study is presented, establishing individual levels of loyalty and then identifying the role of mediating effects in loyalty development. The first stage involved a postal survey, including a 28‐item scale, designed to measure customer loyalty, and its sustainers and vulnerabilities (mediating effects). The second stage, and the main focus of this paper, uses scores from the loyalty scale (high, medium and low levels of loyalty) to examine what sustains and develops loyalty amongst differing levels of development.Findings – The findings highlight the importance of identifying, understanding and managing mediati.
Detoxified lipopolysaccharide reduces microglial cell killing of prion-infected neurons

In vitro studies show that microglial cells kill neurons treated with the synthetic miniprion (sPrP106) or with amyloid-&bgr;1-42 (a neurotoxic peptide found in Alzheimer's disease) by a process requiring the CD14 protein. The killing of treated primary cortical neurons by microglial cells was reduced by the addition of detoxified lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a deacylated form of LPS. Detoxified LPS also increased the survival of prion-infected neuroblastoma cells incubated with microglial cells. The presence of detoxified LPS reduced cytokine production in these co-cultures, and from isolated microglial cells incubated with native LPS, or fibrils of sPrP106 or amyloid-&bgr;1-42. These results suggest that some compounds that bind to CD14 might reduce microglial cell activation and increase neuronal survival in prion and Alzheimer's diseases.
3D collagen cultures under well‐defined dynamic strain: A novel strain device with a porous elastomeric support

The field of mechanobiology has grown tremendously in the past few decades, and it is now well accepted that dynamic stresses and strains can impact cell and tissue organization, cell–cell and cell–matrix communication, matrix remodeling, cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell migration, and many other cell behaviors in both physiological and pathophysiological situations. Natural reconstituted matrices like collagen and fibrin are often used for three‐dimensional (3D) mechanobiology studies because they naturally form fibrous architectures and are rich in cell adhesion sites; however, they are physically weak and typically contain >99% water, making it difficult to apply dynamic stresses to them in a truly 3D context. Here we present a composite matrix and strain device that can support natural matrices within a macroporous elastic structure of polyurethane. We characterize this system both in terms of its mechanical behavior and its ability to support the growth and in vivo‐like behaviors of primary human lung fibroblasts cultured in collagen. The porous polyurethane was created with highly interconnected pores in the hundreds of µm size scale, so that while it did not affect cell behavior in the collagen gel within the pores, it could control the overall elastic behavior of the entire tissue culture system. In this way, a well‐defined dynamic strain could be imposed on the 3D collagen and cells within the collagen for several days (with elastic recoil driven by the polyurethane) without the typical matrix contraction by fibroblasts when cultured in 3D collagen gels. We show lung fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast differentiation under 30%, 0.1 Hz dynamic strain to validate the model and demonstrate its usefulness for a wide range of tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 217–225. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk Reducing Strategies Used in the Purchase of Wine in the UK

This article considers whether or not perceived risk is hindering the growth of wine consumption in countries such as the UK. An examination is made of the applicability of the theory of perceived risk to the buying behaviour of UK wine consumers. Empirical results show how consumers reduce the risks they perceive and the implications for marketing are discussed.
Anesthetic-induced Improvement of the Inflammatory Response to One-lung Ventilation

Background:Although one-lung ventilation (OLV) has become an established procedure during thoracic surgery, sparse data exist about inflammatory alterations in the deflated, reventilated lung. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the effect of OLV on the pulmonary inflammatory response and to assess possible immunomodulatory effects of the anesthetics propofol and sevoflurane. Methods:Fifty-four adults undergoing thoracic surgery with OLV were randomly assigned to receive either anesthesia with intravenously applied propofol or the volatile anesthetic sevoflurane. A bronchoalveolar lavage was performed before and after OLV on the lung side undergoing surgery. Inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor &agr;, interleukin 1&bgr;, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and cells were analyzed in lavage fluid as the primary endpoint. The clinical outcome determined by postoperative adverse events was assessed as the secondary endpoint. Results:The increase of inflammatory mediators on OLV was significantly less pronounced in the sevoflurane group. No difference in neutrophil recruitment was found between the groups. A positive correlation between neutrophils and mediators was demonstrated in the propofol group, whereas this correlation was missing in the sevoflurane group. The number of composite adverse events was significantly lower in the sevoflurane group. Conclusions:This prospective, randomized clinical study suggests an immunomodulatory role for the volatile anesthetic sevoflurane in patients undergoing OLV for thoracic surgery with significant reduction of inflammatory mediators and a significantly better clinical outcome (defined by postoperative adverse events) during sevoflurane anesthesia.
Development of performance‐based service strategies for the oil and gas industry: a case study

Purpose – The main purpose of the paper is to present a framework for the development of performance‐based service strategies for the oil and gas industry in Norway. The framework considers various influencing factors and their attributes, as well as performance factors categorized as critical success factors, performance killers and cost drivers.Design/methodology/approach – A case study has been conducted to map current practices, to validate the influencing factor attributes, and to suggest performance factors. Data have been collected through an e‐mail questionnaire, face‐to‐face interviews, available documents from the industry and a literature survey.Findings – Operators of complex oil and gas production facilities are becoming increasingly dependent on service providers to support their efforts to perform according to demands. When developing a performance‐based service strategy one needs to consider influencing factors and attributes. Furthermore, one needs to measure the service delivery process .
Exogenous oxytocin dilates the cervix in ewes.

Cervical anatomy in ewes usually prevents nonsurgical, intrauterine AI and transcervical embryo transfer (ET), which limits their commercial use in sheep. This study was conducted to determine whether oxytocin would dilate the cervix in ewes and permit passage of a stainless steel rod into the uterus. In Exp. 1, at 44 and 52 h after removal of progestogenated pessaries, ewes were injected i.v. with 0 (saline), 200, 400, or 600 USP units of oxytocin. Immediately before and after treatments, stainless steel rods were used to evaluate cervical dilation and determine whether the uterus could be entered. A rod could not be passed through the cervix and into the uterus in any of the saline-treated ewes. All doses of oxytocin given at 44 and 52 h after pessary removal dilated the cervix and permitted easy passage of a rod into the uterus. At both 44 and 52 h, a stainless steel rod was passed into the uterus in 33 of 43 (77%) of the oxytocin-treated ewes. In 93% (40/43) of these ewes, a rod could be passed into the uterus during either the 44-h or during the 52-h attempt. In Exp. 2, on d 9 after pessary removal, ewes were injected i.v. with oxytocin (400 USP units) at 6 or 12 h after i.v. estradiol-17 beta (0, 100, or 200 micrograms). Cervical dilation was evaluated as in Exp. 1. Dose of estradiol x time of oxytocin affected (P less than .01) the proportion of ewes in which a rod could be passed transcervically into the uterus. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unraveling Root Developmental Programs Initiated by Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. Bacteria1[C][W][OA]

Beneficial soil-borne Pseudomonas rhizobacteria influence root development and promote growth, independent of their ability to stimulate systemic immunity. Plant roots are colonized by an immense number of microbes, referred to as the root microbiome. Selected strains of beneficial soil-borne bacteria can protect against abiotic stress and prime the plant immune system against a broad range of pathogens. Pseudomonas spp. rhizobacteria represent one of the most abundant genera of the root microbiome. Here, by employing a germ-free experimental system, we demonstrate the ability of selected Pseudomonas spp. strains to promote plant growth and drive developmental plasticity in the roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by inhibiting primary root elongation and promoting lateral root and root hair formation. By studying cell type-specific developmental markers and employing genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate the crucial role of auxin signaling and transport in rhizobacteria-stimulated changes in the root system architecture of Arabidopsis. We further show that Pseudomonas spp. -elicited alterations in root morphology and rhizobacteria-mediated systemic immunity are mediated by distinct signaling pathways. This study sheds new light on the ability of soil-borne beneficial bacteria to interfere with postembryonic root developmental programs.