Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low level of stroke care awareness among stroke patients’ caregivers: an important but neglected area of stroke care

Objective Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Stroke patients require longterm care for better outcome. Most often family members are the back bone of the service provided to people affected by stroke. Stroke patients and their caregivers are known to have large gaps in stroke knowledge and have suboptimal personal health behaviors, thereby putting the patient at high risk for complications. Our study was designed to explore the stroke care awareness among stroke patients' caregivers. Methods 50 stroke caregivers aged >18 years from neurology ward of College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital were selected by non-probability purposive sampling from June 2012 to July 2012. Questionnaire focusing basic stroke care was prepared by researchers with the help of literature and a neurophysician. Validity and reliability of the tools were tested and data collected. Analysis of collected data was done using SPSS 16.0. Results The mean age of the respondents was 40 years (range: 20-80 years). Thirty-nine (78%) were either spouse or children. Thirty-eight (76%) caregivers were literate. Overall, 27 (54%) caregivers had low level of awareness regarding stroke care and mean knowledge score was 23.7. Conclusion This study has revealed the existence of low level of stroke care awareness amongst stroke caregivers. Interventional education program oriented to address this important yet neglected area can improve the stroke care in countries like Nepal where recent advancement for stroke management is lacking. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-3, 1-8
Knowledge and Cultural Beliefs about the Etiology and Management of Orofacial Clefts in Nigeria's Major Ethnic Groups

Objective To determine the knowledge and cultural beliefs about the etiology and management of orofacial clefts in Nigeria's major ethnic groups. Design Questionnaires designed to elicit respondents’ knowledge and cultural beliefs about the etiology and management of orofacial clefts. Setting Northern and southern Nigerian communities where the major ethnic groups reside. Participants Consenting, randomly selected individuals. Results There were 650 respondents (350 women and 300 men) from 34 of Nigeria's 36 states; 65.5% were aged 21 to 40 years and 52.5% were married. There were Yoruba (33.7%), Igbo/Bini/Urhobo (40.5%), and Hausa/Fulani (25.8%), with most having attained primary and secondary education. Of those responding, 75% had seen an individual with an orofacial cleft. A significant level of ignorance about the cultural beliefs was found. The Hausa/Fulani considered it mostly an act of God; whereas, the Igbo/Bini/Urhobo and Yoruba groups displayed a greater variety of cultural beliefs. The latter groups implicated witchcraft, evil spirit or devil, the mother, and occasionally the child. Of respondents, 40% knew that surgery was a possible solution, and 22% would recommend a visit to the hospital. Respondents with higher educational attainment produced significantly more scientifically related etiologic factors and accurate treatment options. Conclusion Of respondents, 75% were aware of the existence of orofacial clefts, and a fair knowledge of treatment of orofacial clefts was elicited. Diverse cultural beliefs often may present an obstacle to treatment. Improved awareness about the etiology and management of orofacial clefts is required.
A Comparison of Clinical Features of Depressed and Non-Depressed People Living with HIV/AIDS, in Nigeria, West Africa

Objectives: Depressive disorders are a significant public health issue. They are prevalent, disabling, and often chronic, with a high economic burden to the society. Depressive illness is the most common psychiatric disorder in HIV/AIDS with prevalence 2 to 4 times higher than the general population. It’s still questionable whether HIV related depression is clinically different from sero-positive patients without depression. Studies comparing the clinical features of depressed and non-depressed People Living with HIV/AIDs are limited, hence the need for this study. Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional, descriptive study of three hundred adult HIV/AIDS patients attending the HIV clinic of Kwara State specialist hospital, Sobi, Ilorin. The PHQ-9 was administered to the respondents to screen for depression. A pre-tested PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to collect data. Subject who scored one and more were assessed clinically for depression. The three keys of social determinants of depression (SDS) were assessed and the association with depression sought. Results: One hundred and seventy (56.7%) satisfied the criteria for a depressive disorder using the PHQ-9 score. Compared to non-depressed sero-positive patients, depressed HIV patients were more likely to be female, single, unemployed, with below average year of schooling, low social economic status, low social cohesion and more stressful life events. They are more prone to hopelessness, thought of taking life and plan to commit suicide. Conclusion: These findings, show that the clinical and associated features of depression differ between depressed and non-depressed sero-positive subjects, thus requiring different management.
Note Blinks of the Eye Predict Blinks of the Mind

The Attentional Blink (AB) – a deficit in reporting the second of two target stimuli presented in close succession in a rapid sequence of distracters – has been related to individual processing limitations of working memory. Given the known role of dopamine (DA) in working memory processes, the present experiment tested the hypothesis that DA, and in particular the DA/D1 subsystem, plays a role in the AB. We present evidence that the spontaneous eyeblink rate (EBR), a functional marker of central dopaminergic function, reliably predicts the size of AB. Thus, in line with our hypothesis, these data point to a modulatory role for DA in the AB.
Nonconvex Duality in Multiobjective Optimization

Nonconvex duality properties for multiobjective optimization problems are obtained by using a characterization of Pareto optima by means of generalized Tchebycheff norms. Bounds for the corresponding duality gap are given, and approximate Pareto multipliers are constructed. A generalized notion of Pareto multipliers for quasi-convex multiobjective problems is introduced.
Misconceptions and Attitudes Toward Suicide among Teachers and Prospective Teachers in Hong Kong

The misconceptions and attitudes toward suicide among 299 Chinese teachers and prospective teachers in Hong Kong were assessed using a 30-item questionnaire of common misconceptions, risk factors, and issues related to terminal illness and religious beliefs. With few common misconceptions, the general agreement on the unacceptability of suicide and the rejection of the notion of non-intervention provided grounds for optimism. The uncertain views on risks of suicide threats and concrete planning and on ethical and religious issues were areas for concern. Implications of the findings related to cultural beliefs and to teacher training for school-based prevention programs as well as the caution needed to be exercised in interpreting the present findings based on a sample of young teachers and prospective teachers in Hong Kong are discussed.
On the Complexity of Mean Flow Time Scheduling

There are n tasks lo be scheduled for processing on a set of identical parallel machines. We are interested in minimizing the mean flow time, which is related to the sum of the finishing times of all tasks. When tasks can be processed in any order, optimal schedules can be constructed in On log n time on any number of identical machines. With arbitrary precedence constraints the problem becomes NP-complete even on one machine. However, for series-parallel precedence constraints an On log n algorithm is known for one machine. We show that on two or more machines, the problem is NP-complete even if the precedence constraints are tree-like. We prove the result both for in-trees in which the root is the last task to be processed, and out-trees in which the root is the first task to be processed.
Solving a System of Linear Diophantine Equations with Lower and Upper Bounds on the Variables

We develop an algorithm for solving a system of diophantine equations with lower and upper bounds on the variables. The algorithm is based on lattice basis reduction. It first finds a short vector satisfying the system of diophantine equations, and a set of vectors belonging to the nullspace of the constraint matrix. Due to basis reduction, all these vectors are relatively short. The next step is to branch on linear combinations of the null-space vectors, which either yields a vector that satisfies the bound constraints or provides a proof that no such vector exists. The research was motivated by the need for solving constrained diophantine equations as subproblems when designing integrated circuits for video signal processing. Our algorithm is tested with good results on real-life data, and on instances from the literature.
Fast Multi-Column Sorting in Main-Memory Column-Stores

Sorting is a crucial operation that could be used to implement SQL operators such as GROUP BY, ORDER BY, and SQL:2003 PARTITION BY. Queries with multiple attributes in those clauses are common in real workloads. When executing queries of that kind, state-of-the-art main-memory column-stores require one round of sorting per input column. With the advent of recent fast scans and denormalization techniques, that kind of multi-column sorting could become a bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a new technique called "code massaging", which manipulates the bits across the columns so that the overall sorting time can be reduced by eliminating some rounds of sorting and/or by improving the degree of SIMD data level parallelism. Empirical results show that a main-memory column-store with code massaging can achieve speedup of up to 4.7X, 4.7X, 4X, and 3.2X on TPC-H, TPC-H skew, TPC-DS, and real workload, respectively.
The Effect of Gingivoperiosteoplasty on Facial Growth in Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective Gingivoperiosteoplasty performed at the time of lip repair of cleft patients is one kind of alveolar repair. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of gingivoperiosteoplasty on facial growth of patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design Retrospective study. Patients Sixty-two consecutive patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip/palate with 5-year-olds’ record were included in this retrospective study. Interventions All the patients had received nasoalveolar molding treatment before cheiloplasty at the age of 3 to 6 months. Twenty-six patients had gingivoperiosteoplasty performed at the time of cheiloplasty and function as the GPP group. Thirty-six patients did not have gingivoperiosteoplasty at the time of cheiloplasty and function as the non-GPP group. Main Outcome Measures Cephalometry was used to evaluate the facial growth at 5 years of age in the two groups of patients. Results Gingivoperiosteoplasty had significant effects on the maxillary position (SNA), intermaxillary position (ANB), maxillary length (PMP-ANS), and maxillary alveolar length (PMP-A) at the age of 5 years. The SNA and ANB angles were larger in non-GPP group than in the GPP group by 3.0° and 2.6°, respectively. The maxillary length (PMP-ANS) and maxillary alveolar length (PMP-A) were larger in the non-GPP group than in the GPP group by 2.1 and 2.9 mm, respectively. Conclusions In patients with UCLP, the sagittal growth of the maxilla would be affected more adversely in the GPP group than in the non-GPP group at the age of 5 years.
Speedup Graph Processing by Graph Ordering

The CPU cache performance is one of the key issues to efficiency in database systems. It is reported that cache miss latency takes a half of the execution time in database systems. To improve the CPU cache performance, there are studies to support searching including cache-oblivious, and cache-conscious trees. In this paper, we focus on CPU speedup for graph computing in general by reducing the CPU cache miss ratio for different graph algorithms. The approaches dealing with trees are not applicable to graphs which are complex in nature. In this paper, we explore a general approach to speed up CPU computing, in order to further enhance the efficiency of the graph algorithms without changing the graph algorithms (implementations) and the data structures used. That is, we aim at designing a general solution that is not for a specific graph algorithm, neither for a specific data structure. The approach studied in this work is graph ordering, which is to find the optimal permutation among all nodes in a given graph by keeping nodes that will be frequently accessed together locally, to minimize the CPU cache miss ratio. We prove the graph ordering problem is NP-hard, and give a basic algorithm with a bounded approximation. To improve the time complexity of the basic algorithm, we further propose a new algorithm to reduce the time complexity and improve the efficiency with new optimization techniques based on a new data structure. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our approach in comparison with other 9 possible graph orderings (such as the one obtained by METIS) using 8 large real graphs and 9 representative graph algorithms. We confirm that our approach can achieve high performance by reducing the CPU cache miss ratios.
The Economic implications of Non-Communicable Disease for India

This report contributes to the literature on the economic implications of non-communicable disease (NCDs) in developing countries by focusing on the case of India. First, the authors examine available evidence on the economic impact of NCDs in India. Second, the authors present new estimates of impact of NCDs, both on household economic well being as well as on aggregate economic outcomes in India. India is a worthwhile case to study for many reasons, beginning with the large numbers involved. In the year 2004, an estimated 8.1 million Indians died from all causes. Based on WHO data on the distribution of deaths by cause, estimated deaths from non-communicable conditions (including injuries) amounted roughly to 4.8 million, or about 59.4 percent of all deaths in the year. Moreover, about 24 percent of these deaths from non-communicable conditions occurred in the 35-64 age groups as per data from medically certified deaths from hospitals located in urban areas of India. Available data also indicate that 34 percent of all injury-related deaths occurred among individuals in the 35-64 year age group. India's population is also ageing over time, an issue of concern given the higher incidence of NCDs in older age groups. All of these developments are occurring in a setting where health expenditures are growing rapidly led by an unregulated private sector and where health insurance and pension coverage are still limited. These financial concerns are further exacerbated by the emerging evidence that the India's poor are at heightened risk of acquiring NCDs owing to high rates of smoking and tobacco use, occupational risks, and residential living conditions.
Drug-using mothers: social, psychological and substance use problems of women opiate users with children

The present study looks at patterns of drug use and alcohol use, social and economic circumstances, criminal involvement and health problems among a sample of 66 women opiate users with children. Data were collected using a structured interview. The women reported a wide range of substance use and other problems including depression. Many were heavy and regular drinkers. Most of the women were in a relationship with an opiate user: one-third reported that their partner had been physically violent towards them. Almost all of these women were living in a state of poverty. Many of the mothers were in conflict regarding their dependence upon drugs and their fears about their children being taken into care. The women who were most severely dependent upon both heroin and alcohol felt that if they sought treatment this might help them to avoid having their children taken into care. At the same time they were afraid that, by approaching treatment, this might increase the risk of their children being taken from th.
Evidence of IMC in social marketing

– The purpose of this paper is to argue that integrated marketing communications (IMC) must be used in social marketing, like it is in commercial marketing, by illustrating that IMC principles are effective in social marketing contexts within an education setting. Specifically, the paper provides evidence of IMC being successfully used in the communication of school‐based health promotion activities within health promoting schools (HPS). , – Depth interviews with principals and teachers at three case schools were conducted to investigate the communication of health promotion programmes within HPS. In total, 19 people participated in this study. , – A key finding was that IMC principles are evident in the HPS philosophy of health promotion. That is, the extent to which health concepts are customer focused and integrated into school life; and, communication which is synergistic and based on stakeholder needs, has a significant impact upon achieving desired health promotion outcomes. , – This research explored communication within the specific context of HPS. To further explore the application of IMC in social marketing, the authors recommend that other social marketing contexts or cases be investigated. , – The fact that IMC principles are relevant and effective when facilitating school‐based health promotion programmes implies that IMC would offer value to other social marketing contexts too. , – The paper is unique in that we provide evidence of IMC used in a school‐based social marketing context. The context of an education setting for this research broadens existing understanding of how IMC can and should be used in social marketing. The research offers insights for social marketing practitioners seeking to improve their communications efforts.
Objective Three-Dimensional Assessment of Lip Form in Patients with Repaired Cleft Lip

Objectives To measure and compare three-dimensional lip form in participants with a repaired cleft lip and noncleft control participants. Design Retrospective study. Three-dimensional facial images of each participant were obtained. Participants The sample consisted of two groups: a repaired cleft lip group (n = 57) and a noncleft “normal” group (n = 28). Main Outcome Measures Thirty-four variables that described the features of each participant's lip form were extracted from the image data. A t test was used for each variable to test for significant differences between the groups, and a mathematical technique was used to categorize the lip forms in both groups. Results Seventeen variables showed significant between-group differences. The differences were focused on the free edges of the upper and lower lip vermilion borders, upper and lower lip protrusion, and lip symmetry. Lip forms were described by seven categories. Participants with cleft lip were represented in all categories but fell mainly into two categories at one extreme. Noncleft participants were represented in five categories but also exclusively in two categories at the other extreme from participants with a repaired cleft lip. The findings show greater variation in lip form for the participants with a cleft lip. Conclusion Three-dimensional lip form in participants with a repaired cleft lip was found to have greater variation and to be significantly different from that in noncleft participants. This method can be used to assess surgical outcomes of lip form.
The Americleft Study: An Inter-Center Study of Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Part 1. Principles and Study Design

Objective The Americleft study is a North American initiative to undertake an intercenter outcome study for patients with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate from five well-established North American cleft centers. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Five cleft palate centers in North America. Methods This is the first paper in a series of five that outlines the overall goals of the study and sets the basis for the clinical outcome studies that are reported in the following four papers. The five centers’ samples and treatment protocols as well as the methods used for each study are reported. The challenges encountered and possible mechanisms to resolve them and reduce methodological error with intercenter studies are also reviewed.
Child Maltreatment 2 Recognising and responding to child maltreatment

Professionals in child health, primary care, mental health, schools, social services, and law-enforcement services all contribute to the recognition of and response to child maltreatment. In all sectors, children suspected of being maltreated are under-reported to child-protection agencies. Lack of awareness of the signs of child maltreatment and processes for reporting to child-protection agencies, and a perception that reporting might do more harm than good, are among the reasons for not reporting. Strategies to improve recognition, mainly used in paediatric practice, include training, use of questionnaires for asking children and parents about maltreatment, and evidence-based guidelines for who should be assessed by child-protection specialists. Internationally, studies suggest that policies emphasising substantiation of maltreatment without concomitant attention to welfare needs lead to less service provision for maltreated children than do those in systems for which child maltreatment is part of a broad child and family welfare response.
Existence of Limiting Distributions in the GI/G/s Queue

A new proof is given for the Kiefer-Wolfowitz Kiefer, J., J. Wolfowitz. 1955. On the theory of queues with many servers. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.78 1--18. theorem: In the GI/G/s queue the sequence of workload vectors, and thus also the sequence of waiting times, has a proper limiting distribution independent of the initial conditions if and only if p < 0.1 assuming the interarrival times and service times have finite means. From stochastic monotonicily, convergence is easy to establish if the system starts off empty. The limit is shown lo be proper here by bounding the standard FCFS system by the corresponding s-server system with a cyclic assignment discipline, using a recent construction of Wolff Wolff, R. W. 1977. An upper bound for multi-channel queues. J. Appl. Probab.14 884--888. The general initial condition case is treated by appropriately bounding the original sequence above and below by sequences of countable-state Markov chains for which zero is always a regenerative state. This paper thus illustrates how recent stochastic comparison and continuity results can be applied to prove limit theorems. The bounding systems are also of special interest in regenerative simulation because they provide a way lo increase the number of regeneration points.
Strong and Weak Convexity of Sets and Functions

In this paper we study two classes of sets, strongly and weakly convex sets. For each class we derive a series of properties which involve either the concept of supporting ball, an obvious extension of the concept of supporting hyperplane, or the normal cone to the set. We also study a class of functions, denoted (rho)-convex, which satisfy for arbitrary points x 1 and x 2 and any value (lambda) (in) [0, 1] the classical inequality of convex functions up to a term (rho)(1 - (lambda)) (lambda)|| x 1 - x 2 || 2 . Depending on the sign of the constant (rho) the function is said to be strongly or weakly convex. We provide characteristic properties of this class of sets and we relate it to strongly and weakly convex sets via the epigraph and the level sets. Finally, we give three applications: a separation theorem, a sufficient condition for global optimum of a nonconvex programming problem, and a sufficient geometrical condition for a set to be a manifold.