Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immune cell characterization in the lung after acute and chronic cigarette smoke exposure in a mouse model of COPD

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is caused by exposure to toxic gases and particles, most often CS (cigarette smoke), leading to emphysema, chronic bronchitis, mucus production and a subsequent decline in lung function. The disease pathogenesis is related to an abnormal CS-induced inflammatory response of the lungs. Similar to active (mainstream) smoking, second hand (sidestream) smoke exposure severely affects respiratory health. These processes can be studied in vivo in models of CS exposure of mice. We compared the acute inflammatory response of female C57BL/6 mice exposed to two concentrations [250 and 500 mg/m TPM (total particulate matter)] of sidestream and mainstream CS for 3 days and interpreted the biological effects based on physico-chemical differences in the gas and particulate phase composition of CS. BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) was obtained to perform differential cell counts and to measure cytokine release. Lung tissue was used to determine mRNA and protein expression of proinflammatory genes and to assess tissue inflammation. A strong acute inflammatory response characterized by neutrophilic influx, increased cytokine secretion [KC (keratinocyte chemoattractant), TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor α), MIP-2 (macrophage inflammatory protein 2), MIP-1α and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1)], pro-inflammatory gene expression [KC, MIP-2 and MMP12 (matrix metalloproteinase 12)] and up-regulated GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) production was observed in the mainstream model. After sidestream exposure there was a dampened inflammatory reaction consisting only of macrophages and diminished GM-CSF levels, most likely caused by elevated CO concentrations. These results demonstrate that the composition of CS determines the dynamics of inflammatory cell recruitment in COPD mouse models. Different initial inflammatory processes might contribute to COPD pathogenesis in significantly varying ways, thereby determining the outcome of the studies.
The Philosophy of Mathematics Education

This ICME-13 Topical Survey is designed to provide an overview of contemporary research in the philosophy of mathematics education. This is a broad cluster of overlapping but at times disparate themes. In the first instance, this publication exposes some of the problems and questions in mathematics education that the philosophy of mathematics education clarifies, illuminates and sometimes helps to solve. A metaphor for what is offered is a three tier pyramid. At the apex is this publication, presenting an abbreviated ‘problematique’ of the subfield, that is, the cluster of problems and issues at the heart of the area. At the next level, is the breadth of problems, issues and research results that will be shared when the group of authors of this publication meet with the ‘public’ at the ICME 13 conference in Hamburg, July 2016. Finally, at the base level is the full spread of research and its results, books, journals, papers, conference presentations and other activities that make up the subfield, the philosophy of mathematics education, which is beyond the scope of this publication and conference. This publication thus briefly sketches some of the topics, problems and areas of active research (the apex) and through this point to some of what will be offered at the conference (the middle level). In doing so it serves as an introduction to the extent of the sub-field overall, through references to current publications and classic literature (the base of the pyramid). Why the philosophy of mathematics education? What does it offer? The philosophy of any activity comprises its aims or rationale. Given our shared commitment to the teaching and learning of mathematics it is vital ask: What is the purpose of teaching and learning mathematics? What do we value in mathematics and its teaching and learning? Why do we engage in these practices and what do we
Familial and Individual Functioning in a Sample of Adult Cocaine Abusers

This paper examines the relationships between individual and familial functioning among adult cocaine abusers, using the FACES III scales to determine family functioning, and the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90, and SCID to determine individual functioning. The correlations between family cohesion and the three different measures of psychological impairment consistently show that persons who are psychologically the most functional are part of the most cohesive families, while the relationships between adaptability and the measures of psychological functioning are found to be inconsistent. The Olson “circumplex” model hypothesis is not confirmed for families in this sample.
An investigation into the pressures and sensations caused by wearing a bra and the influence of these on bra fitting

This thesis is concerned with issues arising from the fit of bras. An investigation was carried out into the pressure and sensations caused by wearing a bra and the influence of these on bra fitting issues. The literature review revealed that there has been only a small amount of research into the topic of the fit of bras, and certainly not enough to effect any marked improvement. There are still many women who are not satisfied with the bra they are wearing, and who, furthermore, find it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory fit, and this especially so in the case of large-sized women. Previous research has shown that pressure is a very important factor in bra fitting, as is also the wearer's perception of the comfort of the bra, and these have a direct bearing on issues of breast health. The whole field of the fitting of bras requires more scientific and technical research. This study employed survey and experimental research methodology to investigate bra pressure and the sensations influencing bra fitting issues. The investigation revealed that the design of the survey is satisfactory. The use of pressure test equipment, Bra Sensor, and the sensation evaluation method utilizing the Borg CR10 Scale are appropriate. The statistical data analysis methods used to obtain the results were shown to be reliable. The results obtained from the survey of the wearers' sensations caused by wearing a bra revealed some basic information about the subjects and their bra-wearing habits and a general picture of pressure, discomfort and pain sensations. Further, through an in-depth analysis of the data from the pressure and sensation tests, general characteristics of wearers' sensations in the bra were concluded, the relationships between the pressures and the sensations were established, the factors which influence the sensations were discussed. Analysis was also carried out within the different groups of subjects.
Imaging of the Brain After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating disease with an overall case-fatality of 40-50%. Most of the surviving patients are left with neurological deficits and cognitive impairments. Brain MRI could possibly provide valuable information on patients' recovery potential together with detailed neurological and neuropsychological examination after aSAH. Patients and Methods: One-hundred and sixty-eight consecutive aSAH patients were randomly assigned to either endovascular (n=82) or surgical (n=86) treatment. Altogether 138 conventional and 77 volumetric MRI examinations were available one year after aSAH. T2PD and 3DT1-weighted images were analyzed in detail. Volumetric analyses focused to temporomesial structures; hippocampus (HC) and amygdala (AM), and gray matter (GM) volume loss in patients with ruptured anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysm. The atrophic enlargement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes was quantified. MRI findings were correlated with neuropsychological test scores. Results: Forty-four (31.9%) of 138 patients had no lesions associated with aSAH. According to intention to treat, lesions were more frequent after surgical treatment, predominating in frontal and temporal lobes. Ischemic lesions of the parental artery territory of the ruptured aneurysm were more frequent after surgery. Ischemic lesion volumes correlated with neuropsychological test scores. After aSAH, the HC and AM volumes were found to be smaller than in the matched control individuals. After treatment of an ACA aneurysm, GM atrophy was detected on frontobasal cortical areas and HC ipsilateral to the surgical approach. Enlarged ventricular and sulcal CSF volumes were detected after aSAH. Higher Fisher scores, preoperative hydrocephalus and older age were found to associate with ventricular and sulcal enlargement, both correlating with neuropsychological defects. Conclusion: aSAH is frequently followed by brain parenchymal changes, especially in frontotemporal areas. Lesions seem to be more frequent after surgical than endovascular treatment. Temporomesial volume loss is a common finding after aSAH in general. GM atrophy, principally involving the frontobasal cortical areas and hippocampus ipsilateral to the surgical approach is detected after aSAH and treatment of the ruptured ACA aneurysm. Atrophic CSF-enlargement together with reduced GM volumes is a common sequela after aSAH. Both enlarged CSF-spaces and brain parenchymal lesion volumes correlate with neuropsychological test performance after aSAH. National Library of Medicine Classification: WG 580, WL 355, WN 185 Medical Subject Headings: Amygdala; Aneurysm; Atrophy; Embolization, Therapeutic/methods; Follow-Up Studies; Hippocampus; Humans; Imaging, ThreeDimensional; Intracranial Aneurysm /surgery; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuropsychological Tests; Randomized Controlled Trial; Rupture; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Treatment Outcome
Adapting Prokic warping function for thin walled beam analysis

: Many advanced theories have been developed in order to study shear deformation, torsional warping and buckling of thin-walled beams. Proposed by Prokic´ in 1990, an enriched kinematical formulation offers additional degrees of freedom related to the longitudinal displacement of selected profile nodes. The objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to adapt Prokic´ warping function in order to analyze advanced behaviours including warping in general geometry, loading and boundary conditions. Numerical analyses using the finite element method investigate the linear and the buckling behaviour of 3D structures with arbitrary profile shapes. The effects of shear deformation on deflections for short thin beams are investigated. The influence of torsional warping on the structural behaviour and stability of asymmetrical open and closed profiles behaviour shows the ability of the theory to enhance available solutions provided by existing analytical solutions using different warping functions.
Study on the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy and their family members

Objective:To explore the effect of cerebral palsy on the quality of life(QOL) of the children and their family members. Methods:The pediatric quality of life inventory measurement models(PedsQL)(4.0 version) was used to detect the QOL of the children with cerebral palsy and the normal children;the Mos 36-item short form health survey was used to detect the QOL of the family members of the children with cerebral palsy and the normal children.The differences of QOL between the children with cerebral palsy and the normal children and between their family members were compared. Results:The scores of physical function,emotional function,social function,school function,and the total score of the children with cerebral palsy were significantly lower than those of normal children(P0.01). Except physical function and role physical,the scores of body pain,general health,activity,social function,role model function,mental health,and the total score of the family members of the children with cerebral palsy were significantly lower than those of the family members of normal children(P0.05). Conclusion:QOL of the children with cerebral palsy and their family members were higher than the normal children and their family members,thus,in the course of actual rehabilitation therapy,comprehensive methods should be adopted to improve the QOL of children with cerebral palsy and their family members,at the same time,the society should pay more attention to the families with children with cerebral palsy.
A brief history of plant foods in the city of York

'It may just be the contents of a cesspit to you, but it's my bread and butter! ' With these words, I have frequently tried to laugh off the slight embarrassment I feel when explaining what I do for a living to those who ask. Within archaeology, the idea of sifting through the contents of a cesspit in search of evidence for past food rarely ranks as a curiosity any more, but in the wider world surprise is sometimes expressed that anyone should either want to undertake such work or be paid for doing it. What I hope to do in this short contribution is to try to conjure up some of the flavour - if that is an appropriate metaphor - of archaeobotanical studies of ancient foods in York, drawing on a corpus of data collected over a period of more than two decades (though a large proportion of it still, sadly, unpublished, and likely to remain so) from deposits of almost all cultural periods from Roman to post-medieval, but with a very heavy emphasis on the second to third, ninth to eleventh, and thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
The Nation and its Ruins: Antiquity, Archaeology, and National Imagination in Greece

This innovative, extensively illustrated study examines how classical antiquities and archaeology contributed significantly to the production of the modern Greek nation and its national imagination. It also shows how, in return, national imagination has created and shaped classical antiquities and archaeological practice from the nineteenth century to the present. Yannis Hamilakis covers a diverse range of topics, including the role of antiquities in the foundation of the Greek state in the nineteenth century, the Elgin marbles controversy, the role of archaeology under dictatorial regimes, the use of antiquities in the detention camps of the Greek civil war, and the discovery of the so-called tomb of Philip of Macedonia. Contents 1. Memories cast in marble: introduction 2. The `soldiers' the `priests'. and the `hospitals for contagious diseases': the producers of archaeological matter-realities 3. From the Western to indigenous Hellenism: archaeology, antiquity, and the invention of modern Greece 4. The archaeologist as shaman the sensory national archaeology of Manolis Andronikos 5. Spartan visions: antiquity and the Metaxas dictatorship 6. The other Parthenon: antiquity and national memory at the concentration camp 7. Nostalgia for the whole: the Parthenon (or `Elgin') marbles 8. The nation in ruins? Conclusions
PENGARUH VOLATILITAS HARGA TERHADAP INFLASI DI KOTA MALANG : PENDEKATAN MODEL ARCH/GARCH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui volatilitas harga beras dan kentang pada empat pasar (Giant, Hypermart, Pasar Dinoyo, Pasar Besar) di Kota Malang serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh volatilitas harga dari kedua komoditi tersebut terhadap inflasi di Kota Malang dengan menggunakan periode waktu penelitian 2010.10-2012.07. Data penelitian yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Kantor Perwakilan Bank Indonesia (KPw BI) Malang dan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kota Malang. Berdasarkan Berita Resmi Statistik Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Malang, kelompok komoditi yang memberikan andil atau sumbangan terbesar untuk inflasi pada periode 2010.10-2012.07 berasal dari kelompok bahan makanan. Pada penelitian ini, ada dua komoditas yang akan menjadi objek penelitian, yaitu : beras dan kentang, dimana kedua komoditas tersebut masuk dalam kelompok bahan makanan. Hasil peramalan ARIMA dan melalui perhitungan nilai MAPE menerangkan bahwa tingkat volatilitas harga tertinggi pada kedua komoditas tersebut terjadi di Giant. Tingkat volatilitas harga yang relatif tinggi di Giant dan Pasar Dinoyo mampu mengidikasikan bahwa volatilitas harga, khususnya harga komoditas pangan (beras dan kentang) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap inflasi di Kota Malang. Pembuktian ini, dilakukan melalui estimasi dengan pendekatan model ARCH/GARCH. Kata Kunci : Volatilitas Harga, Inflasi, Model ARCH/GARCH
BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR YÜKSEKOKULU ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÜSTBİLİŞSEL FARKINDALIK DÜZEYLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Bu calismanin amaci, beden egitimi ve spor yuksekokulu ogrencilerinin ustbilissel farkindalik duzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve ogrenim gordukleri bolum ve cinsiyet degiskenlerine gore incelenmesidir. Calismaya 130’u beden egitimi ogretmenligi, 88’i antrenorluk egitimi ve 73’u spor yoneticiligi bolumlerinde ogrenim goren 291 ogrenci katilmistir. Katilimcilarin 93’u kadin, 198’i erkektir. Arastirmada kullanilan veriler, Schraw ve Dennison’un (1994) gelistirdigi, Akin ve dig. (2007) tarafindan Turkceye uyarlanmis olan, ustbilissel farkindalik envanteri kullanilarak toplanmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda, beden egitimi ve spor yuksekokulu ogrencilerinin ustbilissel farkindalik duzeylerinin orta seviyede oldugu ve cinsiyete degiskenine gore anlamli farklilik gosterdigi belirlenmistir (p<.05). Calismadan elde edilen diger bir sonuc ise, beden egitimi ogretmenligi bolumu ogrencilerinin, antrenorluk egitimi ve spor yoneticiligi bolumu ogrencilerine gore, ustbilissel farkindalik duzeyleri acisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli duzeyde dusuk puanlar aldiklarinin belirlenmesidir (p<.01).
Studies of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal)

Withania somnifera Dunal member of Solanaceae family popularly known as Ashwagandha, Indian ginseng, or winter cherry has been used in Ayurveda, Indian system of traditional medicine. It is classified as a Rasayana (rejuvenation) and accepted to increase longevity and vitality. It is a reputed health food and herbal tonic and used for cardiovascular diseases in ethnomedicine. It is available for human use either as a single herb or an ingredient of polyherbal or herbomineral formulations. Thorough review of Ayurvedic literature and scientific research journals and articles were executed and presented in concise manner. The review includes various activities of Ashwagandha in experimental models and clinical evaluation of the drug in various dosage forms. The drug is reported with anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, caridoprotective, anti-stress, trainquillizers type sedative activity, hypoglycemic, thyroprotective activity and proved to be an effective remedy in cancer cells and the malignant growth of different organs. The drug is studied in all the scientific aspects and proven to be the broad spectrum remedy in various experimental studies. This review may help for the further evaluation of the drug for the cure of the ailments which are threat to human being.
Increasing attitudes and interest in caring for older adults in first year nursing students using innovative teaching and learning strategies

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine if the course Healthy Aging had any impact on nursing students’ attitudes towards older adults and/or interest in their caring for older adults after the completion of nursing school. Methods : A pretest-posttest design was used. A convenient sample of 54 first year baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in the course Healthy Aging at Memorial University School of Nursing, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada was recruited for in the study. On the first day of class 51 students consented to participate in the study. During the second and last classes of the course the Kogan’s (1961) Attitudes Towards Old People Scale (KOP) was administered to compare student attitudes towards older adults before and after completion of the course. Students were also asked pre and post course whether they would consider working with older adults after the completion of nursing school. Students’ perceptions of the innovative teaching strategies used in course delivery and how they contribute to knowledge, attitudes, and interest regarding older adults were also evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic information and obtain means and standard deviations on the KOP. Results : Thirty-three students completed both the pre and post-tests. KOP scores were fairly high at both the beginning and at the end of the course. The students in the first year of nursing studies entered the course with a fairly positive attitude toward older adults. Of the 33 students, 19 students (57.5%) stated they would definitely consider working with older adults and 8 students (24.2%) stated that they might consider working with older adults, at the completion of nursing school. Only 2 students stated they would definitely not consider working with older adults after completion of nursing school. This was somewhat surprising in light of previous research in this area. Although there was no significant increase in KOP scores at the completion of the course, 27 (81.5%) students said that they would definitely work with older adults at the completion of nursing school. Qualitative data revealed that students had a greater interest in working with older adults at the end of the course than they did prior to taking the course. Results revealed that educational strategies were highly influential in this positive change of interest and provided evidence of the importance of making the content contextually relevant and interesting. Furthermore, a positive attitude by faculty and enthusiasm toward the older adult and toward gerontological nursing is equally important in providing a positive influence on students’ perceptions. Conclusions : Participating in the Healthy Aging course increased students’ attitudes and interest in caring for older adults.
Predictors of hospitals' organizational climates and nurses' intent to stay in Jordanian hospitals

This paper aimed at studying variables of hospitals' organizational climates and nurses' intent to stay and determine predictors of the two concepts. A survey using a convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. A total of 362 nurses from three types of hospitals were recruited. Farly's Nursing Practice Environment Scale (NPES) was used to assess the organizational climates at Jordanian hospitals (Farly and Nyberg, 1990). McCain's Behavioral Commitment Scale (McCloskey, 1990) was used to measure nurses' intent to stay. Stepwise regression analyses were used to indicate predictors of hospitals' organizational climates and nurses' intent to stay. Quality of care and professionalism were major variables influenced hospitals' organizational climates. Nurses reported that they plan to keep their jobs for at least two or three years. Nurses' intent to stay, time commitment, types of hospitals and average daily census were predictors of hospitals' organizational climates. Predictors of nurses' intent to stay were hospitals' organizational climates, decision-making style, age and organizational structures. Managerial interventions that would create supportive work environments are needed to encourage nurses to stay longer at their jobs. These interventions include, but are not limited to, using participative management and supportive leadership, decreasing workload and employing nurses who work on a full-time basis.