Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oligo‐Miocene extensional tectonics and fluid flow across the Northern Snake Range detachment system, Nevada

The Northern Snake Range (Nevada) represents a spectacular example of a metamorphic core complex and exposes a complete section from the mylonitic footwall into the hanging wall of a fossil detachment system. Paired geochronological and stable isotopic data of mylonitic quartzite within the detachment footwall reveal that ductile deformation and infiltration of meteoric fluids occurred between 27 and 23 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar ages display complex recrystallization‐cooling relationships but decrease systematically from 26.9 ± 0.2 Ma at the top to 21.3 ± 0.2 Ma at the bottom of footwall mylonite. Hydrogen isotope (δD) values in white mica are very low (−150 to −145 ‰) within the top 80–90 m of detachment footwall, in contrast to values obtained from the deeper part of the section where values range from −77 to −64 ‰, suggesting that time‐integrated interaction between rock and meteoric fluid was restricted to the uppermost part of the mylonitic footwall. Pervasive mica‐water hydrogen isotope exchange is difficult to reconcile with models of 40Ar loss during mylonitization solely by volume diffusion. Rather, we interpret the 40Ar/39Ar ages of white mica with low‐δD values to date syn‐mylonitic hydrogen and argon isotope exchange, and we conclude that the hydrothermal system of the Northern Snake Range was active during late Oligocene (27–23 Ma) and has been exhumed by the combined effects of ductile strain, extensional detachment faulting, and erosion.
Change Management—Strategy and Values in Six Agencies from the Australian Public Service

Change is a ubiquitous theme in management literature, but empirical studies that seek to draw lessons from the experience of managing change are rare. By investigating patterns of change management in six Australian federal agencies, we elicit a number of factors contributing to success—though “success” is itself not a clear-cut concept in this area. We found support for a number of broad themes already apparent in the literature and suggest that change processes that have the support of the workforce require good leadership, an appropriate model of change, some room for negotiation and compromise, and well-planned communication.
Decision Usefulness of Alternative Joint Venture Reporting Methods

Depending on the country and circumstances, reporting rules for intercorporate investments may require the cost method, the equity method, proportionate consolidation, or full consolidation, and may yield dramatically different accounting numbers. In the post‐Enron environment there is a particular focus on investments for which liabilities remain off balance sheet. We compare the information content of alternative accounting treatments for a sample of Canadian firms reporting joint ventures under proportionate consolidation. We restate their financial statements using the equity method, and we compare the information content of the two accounting methods in predicting accounting return on common shareholders' equity. We find evidence consistent with the view that financial statements prepared under proportionate consolidation provide better predictions of future return on shareholders' equity than do financial statements prepared under the equity method. We conclude that, for these firms, proportionate c.
Is the use of early nasal CPAP associated with lower rates of chronic lung disease and retinopathy of prematurity? Nine years of experience with the Vermont Oxford Neonatal Network

Abstract Objective: The neonatal regional tertiary care center of the University of Vienna (VC) has been a member of the Vermont Oxford Neonatal Network (VONN) since 1994. During the period 1994–2002, important differences between the VC and the VONN in both pre- and postnatal management and in late morbidities such as chronic lung disease (CLD) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were observed. We hypothesize that stabilization of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) immediately after birth, combined with a restrictive use of artificial ventilation, might be responsible for lower rates of CLD and ROP. Patients and methods: Obstetric and neonatal data for all 1299 VLBW infants (401–1500 g) from the VC were compared with corresponding data for the 201,167 VLBW infants from the VONN for the period 1994–2002 with regard to respiratory management and patient outcome. Morbidity criteria were in accordance with VONN definitions. Results: The percentage range for treatment and morbidity criteria for the VC and VONN are related to differences among various years within the observation period. Infants were stabilized at birth on NCPAP in 45–86% of cases in the VC vs. 37–63% in the VONN, the rate of mechanical ventilation was 40–59% vs. 66–74%, and use of surfactant was 31–50% vs. 55–64%. CLD was diagnosed in 14–32% of cases in the VC vs. 27–39% in the VONN, discharge on supplemental oxygen took place in 2–4% vs. 12–17% of cases and ROP (stages III and IV) was found in 1–10% vs. 8–12%. Conclusion: The association of lower rates of CLD and ROP in the VC compared to the VONN might be related to differences in early respiratory management of VLBW infants at high risk of development of respiratory distress syndrome. This needs to be confirmed in a large multicenter trial.
Imputed Rental Income, Taxation and Income Distribution in Finland

In most Western countries, owner-occupied housing is tax-favoured compared with other investments and housing tenure modes. This paper analyses the effects of imputed rental income and its tax treatment on income distribution in Finland. Using household data from the 2004 Wealth Survey produced by Statistics Finland, it is found that imputed rental income has a major effect on homeowners’ well-being as it constitutes on average almost 10 per cent of homeowner households’ disposable income. Furthermore, including imputed rental income in household disposable income decreased overall inequality measured by the Gini index. The tax subsidy resulting from non-taxation of imputed rental income is skewed towards high-income households. However, the effects of a new tax on imputed rental income on overall inequality would depend vitally on the way the increased government tax revenue is transferred back to the households.
Clinical study of repigmentation patterns with either narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) or 308 nm excimer laser treatment in Korean vitiligo patients

Background Various repigmentation patterns such as perifollicular, marginal, diffuse, and mixed configuration can occur in vitiligo. The aim of this study was to clinically assess the types of repigmentation patterns obtained with narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy or targeted phototherapy using a 308 nm excimer laser and to reveal whether the repigmentation patterns have any relationship to the location of lesions, patient’s age, duration of lesions, or speed of improvement.
Barriers to environmental management in clusters of small businesses in Brazil and Japan: from a lack of knowledge to a decline in traditional knowledge

This study aimed to examine the main barriers to environmental management (EM) in two clusters of small businesses (SBs). A study of two clusters was performed: one cluster in Brazil (the leather/shoe sector) and one cluster in Japan (traditional Japanese products). The case studies involved 23 interviews and an analysis of 12 SBs within these clusters. The Japanese cluster has more proactive environmental governance than the Brazilian cluster. The main barrier to environmental improvement in the Brazilian cluster is the lack of information; the main barrier to EM in the Japanese cluster is the decline of traditional and environmentally friendly knowledge. The originality of the research is linked to the scarcity of studies of EM within clusters and SBs, the comparative approach of the Brazilian and Japanese cases and the discovery of a new barrier to EM for SBs (i.e. the decline of traditional knowledge).
Poverty and the Macroeconomy: Estimates from U.S. Regional Data

Previous research using national-level time-series data has shown a breakdown in the poverty/growth nexus during the 1980s and a rehabilitation during the 1990s. This article uses census division-level data with controls for demographic and structural variables to demonstrate that poverty rates were more responsive to macroeconomic conditions during the 1980s than prior results have shown and that conclusions regarding the rehabilitation of the relationship during the 1990s are sensitive to the time period chosen. (JEL "E32", "I32") Copyright 2003 Western Economic Association International.
Pathology Without Crisis? The Strange Demise of the Anglo-Liberal Growth Model 1

Abstract In the wake of the deepest and longest recession the UK has experienced since the 1930s, this article examines the origins, sustenance and puncturing of the growth dynamic the UK economy enjoyed between 1992 and 2007. In so doing it seeks to gauge the interventions made to attempt to shore up the growth model and the prospects for the resumption of growth. It argues that the Anglo-liberal growth model is, indeed, fatally flawed and that, in the absence of a new growth model, it is difficult to see how sustained economic growth can be achieved. Yet it also argues that, at present, no alternative growth model is on offer and that it is wrong to infer the likelihood of a paradigm shift in economic thinking from the ‘inter-paradigm’ borrowing used to shore up the old growth model in the midst of the recession. If crises are judged as much by the transformations to which they give rise as by the accumulation of pathologies out of which they crystallize, then what we have experienced to date is not so much a crisis as a catastrophic equilibrium. Though the symptoms to which it has given rise are pregnant with the possibility of crisis, the crisis itself is yet to come.
Age and sex differences, and changing trends, in the use of evidence-based therapies in acute coronary syndromes: perspectives from a multinational registry

BackgroundA limited number of studies have examined the age and sex differences, and potentially changing trends, in cardiac medication and procedure use in patients hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MethodsUsing data from a large multinational study, we examined the age and sex differences, and changing trends (1999–2007) therein, in the hospital use of evidence-based therapies in patients hospitalized with an ACS using data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (n=50 096). ResultsAfter adjustment for several variables, in comparison with men below 65 years, patients in other age–sex strata had a significantly lower odds of receiving aspirin [odds ratios (ORs) for men 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years, women <65, 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years were 0.86, 0.84, 0.72, 0.80, 0.86, 0.68 and 0.46, respectively], angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ORs, 1.08, 1.01, 0,71, 0.83, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.63), β blockers (ORs, 0.66, 0.52, 0.53, 0.67, 0.54, 0.53, and 0.52), statins (ORs, 0.72, 0.49, 0.29, 0.82, 0.68, 0.44, and 0.22), and undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery or a percutaneous coronary intervention (ORs, 0.79, 0.53, 0.21, 0.64, 0.57, 0.38, and 0.13) during their acute hospitalization. Age and sex differences in the receipt of these therapies remained relatively unchanged during the period under study. ConclusionAlthough there were increasing trends in the use of evidence-based medications and cardiac procedures over time, important gaps in the utilization of effective cardiac treatment modalities persist in elderly patients and younger women.
Regional Economic Impacts of the Snake River Steelhead and Salmon Recovery

Remaining runs of wild steelhead trout, sockeye, and chinook salmon on the Snake River are threatened with extinction, and wild coho salmon are declared extinct. Huge sums are being spent to recover the endangered anadromous fish. Hatchery steelhead trout and salmon provide recreational fishing as far inland as Idaho. This study utilizes a modified Leontief input–output model and a detailed spending survey of anglers to estimate the current and potential regional economic impact of steelhead and salmon sportfishing in central Idaho. Recent studies are in extreme disagreement over the size of fishery impacts in Idaho and the Columbia River Basin.
The Development of Compensatory Stepping Skills in Children

Abstract The development of the ability to use the step for balance recovery was studied among twenty-five 9- to 19-month-old children. The children were grouped according to walking experience (4 levels) and exposed to backward support surface translations, 8 cm in amplitude, under 3 velocity conditions: 15, 20, and 25 cm/s. New walkers (up to 2 weeks' walking experience) used the step infrequently and ineffectively in response to threats to balance. Intermediate walkers (1-3 months' walking experience) showed an increasing use of the step and significant improvement in step execution compared with new walkers. Advanced walkers (> 3 months' walking experience) experienced no falls throughout the protocol, capturing balance with feet-in-place or step responses under all perturbation conditions. A significant developmental transition in the emergence of the compensatory step occurred between the new walker and the intermediate walker experience levels, that is, within the first 3 months of walking experience. Three to 6 months' experience was required for the development of an effective stepping response. A concomitant change in mediolateral stability paralleled the emergence of compensatory stepping.
Overview of the Implementation of the EU Youth Strategy in the Field of Employment

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the implementation of the EU Youth Strategy for the promotion of youth employment and entrepreneurship in the EU Member States and four non-EU states: Croatia2, Montenegro, Norway and Switzerland. It relies upon the National Reports (NRs) presenting the policy initiatives designed and accomplished during the first cycle (2010-2012) in these countries and submitted in response to a questionnaire developed by the European Commission (EC) and an examination of policy documents, academic literature and statistical data. The comparative analysis reveals a shared awareness of the gravity of the problems accumulated in the labour market integration of young people and attests to the enormous efforts put forward on European, national, regional and local levels for overcoming youth disadvantage. It also highlights the opportunities created by sharing good practices and fostering of cooperation among all policy actors for supporting the young generation to make a successful entry in the world of work. Abstraktné Tento článok poskytuje prehľad realizácie mládežníckej stratégie EÚ na podporu zamestnávania a podnikania mládeže v členských štátoch EÚ a v štyroch nečlenských štátoch EÚ: v Chorvátsku2, Čiernej Hore, Nórsku a vo Švajčiarsku. Opiera sa o národné správy (NRs), predstavujúce politické iniciatívy, ktoré boli v týchto krajinách zostavené a realizované počas prvého cyklu (2010-2012) a predložené ako odozva na dotazník, ktorý vytvorila Európska komisia (EC), a o prieskum metodických dokumentov, akademickej literatúry a štatistických údajov. Porovnávacia analýza odhaľuje, že krajiny si uvedomujú závažnosť problémov, ktoré sa nahromadili v oblasti integrácie mladých ľudí do trhu práce, a svedčí o nesmiernej snahe prekonať znevýhodnenie mládeže na európskej, národnej, regionálnej a miestnej úrovni. Tiež zdôrazňuje príležitosti, ktoré sa vytvorili zdieľaním dobrej praxe a podporovaním spolupráce medzi všetkými politickými aktérmi na podporu mladej generácie, aby úspešne vstúpila do sveta práce.
Coordination, “Magic,” and Reinforcement Learning in a Market Entry Game

Abstract Previous experimental studies have documented quick convergence to equilibrium play in market entry games with a large number of agents. The present study examines the effect of the available information in a 12-player game in an attempt to account for these findings. In line with the prediction of a simple reinforcement learning model (Roth and Erev, 1995, Games Econ. Behav. 8 , 164–212), quick convergence to equilibrium is observed even given minimal information (unknown payoff rule). However, in violation of the basic model, information concerning other players' payoff increases the number of entrants. The information effect can be described by a variant of the basic reinforcement learning model assuming that the additional information changes the player's reference point. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C7, C92.
The association between local diagnostic testing intensity and invasive cardiac procedures.

OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which geographic variation in invasive cardiac procedures can be explained by the variable use of diagnostic testing. DESIGN A population-based cohort study using Medicare Part B data (physician services). SETTING AND SUBJECTS Procedure data for all Medicare beneficiaries in northern New England. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Twelve coronary angiography service areas were constructed for Medicare beneficiaries in northern New England. Age- and sex-adjusted utilization rates were developed for three procedure categories: total stress test, coronary angiography, and revascularization. Total stress tests were further stratified into nonimaging and imaging procedures (eg, thallium). Tests performed in follow-up to invasive procedures were excluded (eg, stress test following revascularizations). Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between procedure categories. RESULTS A tight positive relationship was found between total stress test rates and the rates of subsequent coronary angiography (R2=0.61, P<.005). Most of the variance was explained by imaging stress tests (R2=0.50, P<.02). A strong relationship was found between coronary angiography and revascularization (R2=0.82, P<.001). Finally, a clear relationship between total stress tests and subsequent revascularizations was also found (R2=0.55, P<.006). CONCLUSION The population-based rates of diagnostic testing largely explained the variance associated with subsequent therapeutic interventions. Our results suggest that local testing intensity is an important determinant of the variable use of invasive cardiac procedures.
Experimental and Monte Carlo-simulated spectra of standard mammography-quality beams.

UNLABELLED A spectrometric study of standard mammography-quality beams by using experimental and Monte Carlo simulation methods was carried out in this work. The qualities of these beams are described according to the International Electrotechical Commission 61267 standard and the Technical Report Series 457 International Atomic Energy Agency report. Specifically, the non-attenuated RQR-M beam series was studied. METHODS A Si-PIN diode-based spectrometer and the PENELOPE Monte Carlo code (v. 2008F1) were used for experiments and simulations, respectively. In addition, an ionization chamber was used to determine the half-value layers (HVLs) of each beam quality. The measurements were done in the mammography dosimeter calibration setup of our laboratory, and the Monte Carlo simulations reproduced such conditions. RESULTS The relative differences between the HVLs calculated from experimental and simulated spectra were lower than 2.4% for all the beam qualities studied. These differences are 1.2% and 3.1% when comparing the HVLs calculated from the experimental and simulated spectra to those determined by using the ionization chamber, respectively. A semi-empirical relation was found to obtain the nominal tube potential from the effective tube potential. CONCLUSION According to our results, the mammography beams used in this work have energy spectra similar to clinical beams.
The Impact of Ethnic Identity on Attitudes Towards Counseling for Italian-Americans

Italian-Americans constitute 6% of the American population (Census, 2010). Although they are part of the White majority, they have a unique cultural experience, as they endorse ethnic values that differ from other White Americans. It has been noted that adherence to these values may impact the way Italian-Americans view mental health treatment. In an attempt to understand this dynamic, the present study investigated the impact of ethnic identity, acculturation, aspects of socioeconomic status, and collective self esteem on attitudes towards counseling for a sample of 242 self-identified Italian-Americans. It was hypothesized that acculturation would mediate the relationship between ethnic identity, collective self-esteem, and attitudes towards counseling. It was also hypothesized that aspects of socioeconomic status would moderate the relationship between ethnic identity and collective self-esteem and attitudes towards counseling. Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to test these hypothesized models; however, findings were not significant. Preliminary analysis revealed that age and gender were significantly predictive of attitudes towards counseling. Furthermore, exploratory analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between public collective self-esteem and aspects of socioeconomic status to attitudes towards counseling for this sample. These findings have implications for training, research, and practice for mental health professionals.
Recent trends in COPD prevalence in Spain: a repeated cross-sectional survey 1997–2007

We aimed to describe changes in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain by means of a repeated cross-sectional design comparing two population-based studies conducted 10 yrs apart. We compared participants from IBERPOC (Estudio epidemiológico de EPOC en España) (n = 4,030), conducted in 1997, with those of EPI-SCAN (Epidemiologic Study of COPD in Spain) (n = 3,802), conducted in 2007. Poorly reversible airflow obstruction compatible with COPD was defined according to the old European Respiratory Society definitions. COPD prevalence in the population between 40 to 69 yrs of age dropped from 9.1% (95% CI 8.1–10.2%) in 1997 to 4.5% (95% CI 2.4–6.6%), a 50.4% decline. The distribution of COPD prevalence by severity also changed from 38.3% mild, 39.7% moderate and 22.0% severe in 1997, to 85.6% mild, 13.0% moderate and 1.4% severe in 2007, and in the 40–69 yr EPI-SCAN sub-sample to 84.3% mild, 15.0% moderate and 0.7% severe. Overall, underdiagnosis was reduced from 78% to 73% (not a significant difference) and undertreatment from 81% to 54% (p<0.05) within this 10-yr frame. The finding of a substantial reduction in the prevalence of COPD in Spain is unexpected, as were the observed changes in the severity distribution, and highlights the difficulties in comparisons between repeated cross-sectional surveys of spirometry in the population.
Learning the monetary/fiscal interaction under trend inflation

How does a higher inflation target affect determinacy and learnability of rational expectations equilibria under alternative monetary/fiscal policy mixes in new Keynesian models? What is the role of central bank transparency? This article proves that in a non-Ricardian regime, determinacy and learnability conditions are insensitive to changes in trend inflation and to transparency issues: expectations stabilization requires taxes to react weakly to government debt. Conversely, a higher inflation target always destabilizes expectations under active monetary regimes. In a Ricardian regime, raising the inflation target requires a more hawkish central bank to attain determinacy. However, determinacy implies learnability only when agents are aware of both the inflation target and the central bank reaction function. If agents need to learn a positive inflation target, active monetary regimes are unstable. Therefore, fully disclosing the reaction function, including the target inflation rate, greatly increases the central bank’s effectiveness in stabilizing expectations.