Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of the circumgalactic medium in simulations compared to observations

Context. Galaxies are surrounded by extended gaseous halos that store significant fractions of chemical elements. These are syntethized by the stellar populations and later ejected into the circumgalactic medium (CGM) by different mechanism, of which supernova feedback is considered one of the most relevant. Aims. We aim to explore the properties of this metal reservoir surrounding star-forming galaxies in a cosmological context aiming to investigate the chemical loop between galaxies and their CGM, and the ability of the subgrid models to reproduce observational results. Methods. Using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, we have analysed the gas-phase chemical contents of galaxies with stellar masses in the range 10 9 −10 11 M ⊙ . We estimated the fractions of metals stored in the different CGM phases, and the predicted O vi and Si iii column densities within the virial radius. Results. We find roughly 10 7 M ⊙ of oxygen in the CGM of simulated galaxies having M ⋆ ~ 10 10 M ⊙ , in fair agreement with the lower limits imposed by observations. The M oxy is found to correlate with M ⋆ , at odds with current observational trends but in agreement with other numerical results. The estimated profiles of O vi column density reveal a substantial shortage of that ion, whereas Si iii, which probes the cool phase, is overpredicted. Nevertheless, the radial dependences of both ions follow the respective observed profiles. The analysis of the relative contributions of both ions from the hot, warm and cool phases suggests that the warm gas (10 5 K T 6 K) should be more abundant in order to bridge the mismatch with the observations, or alternatively, that more metals should be stored in this gas-phase. These discrepancies provide important information to improve the subgrid physics models. Our findings show clearly the importance of tracking more than one chemical element and the difficulty of simultaneously satisfying the observables that trace the circumgalactic gas at different physical conditions. Additionally, we find that the X-ray coronae around the simulated galaxies have luminosities and temperatures in decent agreement with the available observational estimates.
Low-Dose α-Tocopherol Improves and High-Dose α- Tocopherol Worsens Endothelial Vasodilator Function in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits

Abnormalities in endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation develop early in atherosclerosis and may, in part, result from the effects of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on agonist-mediated endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) release and EDRF degradation. a-Tocopherol (AT) is the main lipid-soluble antioxidant in human plasma and lipoproteins, there-fore, we investigated the effects of AT on endothelium-depen-dent arterial relaxation in male New Zealand White rabbits fed diets containing (a) no additive (controls), (b) 1% cholesterol (cholesterol group), or 1% cholesterol with either (c) 1,000 IU/kg chow AT (low-dose AT group) or (d) 10,000 IU/kg chow AT (high-dose AT group). After 28 d, we assayed endothelial function and LDL susceptibility to ex vivo copper-me-diatedoxidation. Acetylcholine- and A23187-mediated endothe-lium-dependent relaxations were significantly impaired in the cholesterol group (P < 0.001 vs. control), but preserved in the low-dose AT group (P = NS vs. control). Compared to the control and cholesterol groups, vessels from the high-dose AT group demonstrated profound impairment of arterial relaxation (P < 0.05) and significantly more intimal proliferation than other groups (P < 0.05). In normal vessels, a-tocopherol had no effect on endothelial function. LDL derived from both the high- and low-dose AT groups was more resistant to oxidation than LDL from control animals (P < 0.05). These data indicate that modest dietary treatment with AT preserves endothelial vasodilator function in cholesterol-fed rabbits while a higher dose of AT is associated with endothelial dysfunction and enhanced intimal proliferation despite continued LDL resistance to ex vivo copper-mediated oxidation. (J. Clin. Invest. 1994. 93:844-851.) enzymatic methods. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was measured following phosphotungstic-MgCI2 precipitation of apoliprotein B containing VLDL and LDL (22). Plasma LDL + VLDL cholesterol (LDL-C + VLDL-C) was derived from the above data using the modified Friedewald formula: LDL-C + VLDL-C = TC - (HDL-C + 0.16 X TG). In hypercholesterolemic animals, assays were performed on plasma diluted with PBS.
Supply Curves for Urban Road Networks.

Supply curves are essential for demand prediction in aggregate networks, and need to relate cost of use to flow demanded rather than to flow performed. The paper defines the parameters of relevance and the relationships required. A microsimulation model is used to generate such relationships for hypothetical networks. Network performance curves can exhibit backward-bending relationships between speed and flow performed, but these curves are inappropriatefor demand prediction. Relationships between speed and flow demanded are monotonic, but not necessarily linear. They can exhibit spatial and temporal dependencies, both of which requires them to be reestimated if demand patterns change.
Riparian Buffers and Hedonic Prices: A Quasi‐Experimental Analysis of Residential Property Values in the Neuse River Basin

Riparian buffers, the strips of vegetation along banks of rivers and streams, have been proposed as a key instrument to protect water quality in the United States. Riparian buffers impose a restriction on the use of private property limiting harvest and development, but buffers can also provide for aesthetic and recreational benefits that may accrue to property owners. With data from the Neuse River Basin in North Carolina, this study attempts to provide empirical evidence on the effect of a mandatory buffer rule on the value of riparian properties. Spatial autoregressive hedonic models are estimated within a quasi-experimental framework using the imposition of the buffer rule as the treatment and nonriparian properties as a control group. Results indicate that a riparian property generally commands a high premium. We find no evidence, however, that the mandatory buffer rule has had a significant impact on riparian property values when compared with the control group. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
A Qualitative Analysis of Military Couples With High and Low Trauma Symptoms and Relationship Distress Levels

The purpose of the current study was to understand the experiences of a subset of military couples regarding the effects of war deployment on couple functioning. The authors used the core “couple functioning” variables included in the Couple Adaptation to Traumatic Stress Model as sensitizing concepts to guide the qualitative analysis process. Participant interviews (n = 15 couples, 30 total participants) were divided into subgroups according to high and low trauma symptom and relationship satisfaction scale scores. Five primary themes were identified in the results: communication, conflict management, roles, support/nurturance, and posttraumatic growth. Overall, highly satisfied couples and those with the lowest levels of traumatic stress symptoms reported more positive relationship functioning in the identified areas, while couples reporting higher traumatic stress symptoms and lower relationship satisfaction indicated varied or inconsistent qualitative results. Clinical and research implications for military couples also are identified.
A DETAILED MORPHO-KINEMATIC MODEL OF THE ESKIMO, NGC 2392: A UNIFYING VIEW WITH THE CAT'S EYE AND SATURN PLANETARY NEBULAE

The three-dimensional and kinematic structure of the Eskimo nebula, NGC 2392, has been notoriously difficult to interpret in detail given its complex morphology, multiple kinematic components and its nearly pole-on orientation along the line of sight. We present a comprehensive, spatially resolved, high-resolution, long-slit spectroscopic mapping of the Eskimo planetary nebula. The data consist of 21 spatially resolved, long-slit echelle spectra tightly spaced over the Eskimo and along its bipolar jets. This data set allows us to construct a velocity-resolved [N ii] channel map of the nebula with a resolution of 10 km s−1 that disentangles its different kinematic components. The spectroscopic information is combined with Hubble Space Telescope images to construct a detailed three-dimensional morpho-kinematic model of the Eskimo using the code SHAPE. With this model we demonstrate that the Eskimo is a close analog to the Saturn and the Cat's Eye nebulae, but rotated 90° to the line of sight. Furthermore, we show that the main characteristics of our model apply to the general properties of the group of elliptical planetary nebulae with ansae or FLIERS, once the orientation is considered. We conclude that this kind of nebula belongs to a class with a complex common evolutionary sequence of events.
A Melt-Cast Composition Based on NTO and FOX-7

A melt-cast composition containing NTO, FOX-7, TNT, Al and wax was prepared and tested. The viscosity of the melted composition was measured. Its sensitivity to impact, friction, shock wave and jet impact were determined, and its thermal stability and ignition temperature were established. Some detonation properties of the composition were investigated. The heat of detonation was measured using a calorimetric bomb. The detonation pressure and velocity were determined in a plate-dent test. The results of a cylinder test were used for the determination of the Gurney energy, the detonation pressure and energy, and the so-called effective exponent of the expansion isentrope and the JWL equation of state of the detonation products.
First steps in studying the origins of secondary woodiness in Begonia (Begoniaceae): combining anatomy, phylogenetics, and stem transcriptomics

Since Darwin's observation that secondary woodiness is common on islands, the evolution of woody plants from herbaceous ancestors has been documented in numerous angiosperm groups. However, the evolutionary processes that give rise to this phenomenon are poorly understood. To begin addressing this we have used a range of approaches to study the anatomical and genetic changes associated with the evolution and development of secondary woodiness in a tractable group. Begonia is a large, mainly herbaceous, pantropical genus that shows multiple shifts towards secondarily woody species inhabiting mainly tropical montane areas throughout the world. Molecular phylogenies, including only a sample of the woody species in Begonia, indicated at least eight instances of a herbaceous–woody transition within the genus. Wood anatomical observations of the five woody species studied revealed protracted juvenilism that further support the secondary derived origin of wood within Begonia. To identify potential genes involved in shifts towards secondary woodiness, stem transcriptomes of wood development in B. burbidgei were analysed and compared with available transcriptome datasets for the non-woody B. venustra, B. conchifolia, and Arabidopsis, and with transcriptome datasets for wood development in Populus. Results identified a number of potential regulatory genes as well as variation in expression of key biosynthetic enzymes. © 2015 The Authors. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, ●●, ●●–●●.
CdTe and CdZnTe detectors for timing measurements

We report the timing properties of CdTe and CdZnTe detectors in planar configuration. By utilizing /sup 241/Am doped scintillator, we have developed a new method to evaluate the timing performance of the semiconductor detector. We confirm that the slow mobility and short lifetime of holes significantly degrades the timing performance. To achieve high carrier speed, either by applying a high electric field or by selecting only electrons, is very important for obtaining a detector with fast, /spl sim/nsec timing capability. To select only the electron events, we adopt pulse height selection with a fast-slow shaping amplifier. In conjunction with a newly developed CdTe diode, we obtain a superior performance of 5.8 nsec. We also discuss the application for positron emission tomography with 511 keV gamma-gamma coincidence method, and found that a geometrical arrangement in which electrodes are parallel to the incident /spl gamma/-rays gives about 3 time better timing response than is available when the electrodes are perpendicular to the /spl gamma/-ray beam.
Production and partial characterization of keratinase produced by a microorganism isolated from poultry processing plant wastewater

A Streptomyces was isolated from poultry plant wastewater, showed high keratinolytic activity when cultured on feather meal medium. Optimum keratinolytic activity was observed at 40oC and pH 8.0. The enzyme also showed to be stable between 40 and 60oC. The keratinolytic activity was not inhibited by EDTA, DMSO and Tween 80. On the other hand, CaCl2, ZnCl2, and BaCl2 slightly inhibited the keratinolytic activity. The Streptomyces isolated might be useful in leather, keratin waste treatment, animal feeding industry, and also cosmetic industry.
Relationship of Endogenous ABA and IAA to Accumulation of Grain Protein and Starch in Two Winter Wheat Cultivars under Post-anthesis Water Deficit

Accumulation of protein and starch in grain is a key process determining grain yield and quality in wheat. Under drought endogenous plant hormone levels will change and may have an impact on the yield and quality of wheat. In a greenhouse experiment, two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties differing in post anthesis drought resistance, tolerant (cv. Zagros) and sensitive (cv. Marvdasht), were subjected to either well-watered (WW) or water-stressed (WS) from anthesis to maturity. On the 7, 15 (grain enlargement stage) and 31 (grain filling stage) days after anthesis (DAA), endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were determined in grain of wheat plants by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patterns of hormonal changes were similar in two varieties. The ABA levels were much higher under water deficit than well water treatment. In comparison grain ABA levels in all sampling stages was more in Marvdasht than Zagros. The endogenous grains IAA content display a marked reduction by the time and the water stress aggravated this reduction in both cultivars, however, the depresstion was more in drought-sensitive than drought-tolerant. The relationship between yields and contents of starch and protein in grains and levels of two hormones in sink organ indicated that the changes in yield and content of grain starch and protein under water withholding were associated with the reduced IAA and elevated ABA level in grains. It was proposed that the changed levels of endogenous hormones under drought post-anthesis might indirectly affect protein and starch accumulation in grains by influencing the regulatory enzymes and processes. Abbreviations: ABA – abscisic acid, DAA – Days after-anthesis, ELISA – enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, IAA – indole-3-acetic acid
The Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI v.2.0)

The Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI) is an initiative lead by the Institute of Geology and Mines of Spain (IGME) for building a public repository of scientific data regarding faults having documented activity during the last 2.59 Ma (Quaternary). QAFI also addresses a need to transfer geologic knowledge to practitioners of seismic hazard and risk in Iberia by identifying and characterizing seismogenic fault-sources. QAFI is populated by the information freely provided by more than 40 Earth science researchers, storing to date a total of 262 records. In this article we describe the development and evolution of the database, as well as its internal architecture. Additionally, a first global analysis of the data is provided with a special focus on length and slip-rate fault parameters. Finally, the database completeness and the internal consistency of the data are discussed. Even though QAFI v.2. 0 is the most current resource for calculating fault-related seismic hazard in Iberia, the database is still incomplete and requires further review.
Economic openness and economic growth: A cointegration analysis for ASEAN-5 countries

The paper considers three channels of economic openness, namely FDI, imports, and exports, and examines their short-run and long-run effects on the economic growth in the five founding member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) over the period from 1980 to 2014. Besides the impact on the economic growth, the authors analyze all possible causal interrelationships to discern patterns and directions of causality among FDI, imports, exports, and GDP. The quantitative analysis, which is based on the vector error correction co-integration framework, is conducted separately for each country in order to assess their individual experiences and allow for a comparative view. Although the precise details differ across countries, the findings indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic openness and GDP in all ASEAN-5 economies. FDI, imports and exports have a significantly positive short-run and long-run impact on the economic growth. Our results also show that export-led growth is the most important economic growth factor in most countries, followed by FDI-led growth. Another crucial finding is the bi-directional causality between exports and FDI across the ASEAN-5 countries. This indicates the presence of direct and indirect effects on GDP and a self-reinforcing process of causality between those two variables, which strengthens their impact on the economic growth.
The Association Between Internal Governance Mechanisms And Corporate Value: Evidence From Bahrain

This research investigates the effect of internal corporate governance mechanisms (e.g. board characteristics and ownership structure) on corporate value. The paper extends the previous literature in this area and provides evidence to this effect using a sample of listed companies on the Bahrain Stock Exchange (BSE). In addition to Pearson correlation, this paper employs the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis to test the association between board characteristics and ownership structure as independent variables and corporate value (the dependent variable) measured by three different measures namely Tobin's Q; return on assets (ROA); and earnings per share (EPS). Statistical analysis, three models of OLS regression, revealed that board characteristics and ownership structure variables have a statistically significant effect on corporate value especially when measured by EPS. The scope of this study is limited to relatively listed companies on BSE. Finally, it would be interesting to duplicate this study in other countries, which have many similarities to the Bahraini environment.
Better at home, abroad, or both? How Chinese firms use ambidextrous internationalization strategies to drive innovation

Purpose – Existing research emphasized that Chinese firms gain experience and improve innovation capability through interaction with competitors at home (i.e. inside-out internationalization) and abroad (i.e. outside-in internationalization). However, how Chinese firms transform these experiences into different types of innovation (product vs process) is largely unknown. The purpose of this paper is to: first, analyze how different internationalization trajectories lead to different types of innovation; second, establish how Chinese firms use ambidextrous strategies to combine inside-out and outside-in internationalization; and third, provide empirical evidence of how ambidextrous strategies might influence performance. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses: first, a case research method to refine the classification of firms’ internationalization strategy types; second, a qualitative textual analysis of firms’ annual reports to differentiate between product and process innovation and to estimate t.
Modeling of Nonlinear Rate Sensitivity by Using an Overstress Model

Negative, zero or positive rate sensitivity of the flow stress can be observed in metals and alloys over a certain range of strain, strain rate and temperature. It is believed that negative rate sensitivity is an essential feature of dynamic strain aging, of which the PortevinLe Chatelier effect is one other manifestation. The viscoplasticity theory based on overstress (VBO), one of the unified state variable theories, is generalized to model zero (rate independence) and negative as well as positive rate sensitivity in a consistent way. The present model does not have the stress rate term in the evolution law for the state variable equilibrium stress that has been included in previous versions of VBO. The three types of rate sensitivity are classified on the basis of a certain constant of an augmentation function, which is introduced in the evolution law for the equilibrium stress. Based on the augmentation function, the model reproduces the dependence of relaxation rate on prior strain rate. When the augmentation function is selected to depend on the accumulated inelastic strain or the effective inelastic strain rate, a change of rate sensitivity type that depends on strain or strain rate can be modeled. It is also shown that the augmentation function can be used to reproduce the observed dramatic increase of strain hardening at strain rates exceeding 103 s 1. keyword: Constitutive Behavior; Viscoplasticity; Dynamic Strain Aging; Stress Relaxation; Dyanmic Plasticity.
Age and IQ effects on stimulus and response timing

Normal older participants (aged 60-79 years), with known scores on the Culture Fair Intelligence Test, were tested on 4 timing tasks (i.e., temporal generalization, bisection, differential threshold, and interval production). The data were related to the theoretical framework of scalar timing theory and ideas about information processing and aging. In general, increasing age and decreasing IQ tended to be associated with increasing variability of judgments of duration, although in all groups events could be timed on average accurately. In some cases (e.g., bisection), performance differences between the older participants and students nearly 50 years younger used in other studies were negligible.
Exploring and Assessing Cross-cultural Sensitivity in Bosnian Tertiary Education: Is there a real promise of harmonious coexistence?

The aim of this research was to examine how university type, nationality, GPA, gender and grade level affect the cross-cultural sensitivity of students at tertiary level of education in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The revised and updated Inventory of Cross-Cultural Sensitivity (ICCSv2) was utilized for data collection. It contains four subscales: cultural inclusion, cultural behavioral integration, cultural anxiety, and cognitive flexibility. The representative sample consists of 219 students. The results have shown that university type, GPA and nationality have a significant effect on the development of cross-cultural sensitivity, while gender and students’ grade level do not appear to have a significant impact on cross-cultural sensitivity. The results suggest that university along with its peculiar properties has a significant influence on shaping students’ crosscultural development. The major implication of the study is that some aspects of cross-cultural sensitivity can be developed further in the university milieu and through curriculum adjustment.