Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Practice in Assessing and Reporting Speech Outcomes of Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Surgery: A Survey of Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Professionals

Objective To determine methods by which professionals serving cleft palate/craniofacial teams are evaluating velopharyngeal function and to ascertain what they consider as a successful speech outcome of surgery. Design A 12-question survey was developed for professionals involved in management of velopharyngeal dysfunction. Participants The survey was distributed through E-mail lists for the American Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Association and Division 5 of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Only speech-language pathologists and surgeons were asked to complete the survey. A total of 126 questionnaires were completed online. Results Standard speech evaluations include perceptual evaluation (99.2%), intraoral examination (96.8%), nasopharyngoscopy (59.3%), nasometry (28.9%), videofluoroscopy (19.2%), and aerodynamic measures (4.3%). Significant variation existed in the types and levels of perceptual rating scales. Pharyngeal flap (52.9%) is the most commonly performed procedure for velopharyngeal insufficiency, followed by sphincter pharyngoplasty (27.5%). Criteria for surgical success included normal speech (50.8%), acceptable speech (27.9%), and “improved” speech (8%). However, most respondents felt that success should be defined as normal speech (71.2%). Most respondents believed that surgical success should be determined by the team speech-language pathologist (81.5%); although, some felt success should be determined by the patient/family (17.7%). Conclusion This survey shows considerable variability in the methods for evaluating and reporting speech outcomes following surgery. There is inconsistency in what is considered a successful surgical outcome, making comparison studies impossible. Most respondents thought that success should be defined as normal speech, but this is not happening in current practice.
OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY DEMONSTRATES ELEVATED INTRACELLULAR OXYGENATION IN AN ENDOTOXIC MODEL OF SEPSIS IN THE PERFUSED HEART

Recent clinical studies of patients with sepsis have shown that the delivery of adequate oxygen alone does not necessarily result in improved organ function or survival. This study was undertaken to determine if optical spectroscopy could detect higher intracellular oxygenations in isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts that have been treated with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) than in controls. Four hours after intraperitoneal injection with LPS, adult guinea pigs were anesthetized, and hearts were excised and perfused in the Langendorff manner. Six control and eight LPS-exposed guinea pigs were studied. Myoglobin oxygen saturation was determined from analysis of optical reflectance spectra acquired from the left ventricular free wall. Myoglobin saturation was significantly higher at baseline with LPS than in controls (96.0% ± 0.8% vs. 89.4% ± 1.7%, P < 0.001). At the end of 30 s of ischemia, myoglobin saturation decreased to 15% ± 1% in controls, but to only 60% ± 7% in the LPS group. Myocardial performance was determined by measured left ventricular developed pressure, which was significantly depressed in the LPS-exposed hearts relative to controls (30 ± 4 mmHg vs. 67 ± 9 mmHg, P < 0.001). Myocardial oxygen consumption, calculated from measurements of arterial and venous PO2 and coronary flow, was lower in LPS hearts relative to controls (0.199 ± 0.021 mL oxygen·min−1·g−1 vs. 0.157 ± 0.006 mL oxygen·min−1·g−1). In this model of sepsis in the perfused guinea pig heart, intracellular oxygenation was higher and oxygen consumption was lower than in controls. Cellular dysfunction seen in sepsis may be caused by compromised oxygen use rather than insufficient oxygen delivery. Optical spectroscopy has the potential to noninvasively monitor patients and their responses to therapy.
Poorly Differentiated Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma with t(9;22) (q22;ql) Translocation Presenting Initially as a Solid Variant Devoid of Myxoid Areas

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare soft tissue tumor associated with the translocation t(9;22) (q22;ql 1-12). Although it has a typical microscopic appearance its morphologic spectrum is wide. We report a case of clinically aggressive, poorly differentiated EMC showing the characteristic translocation, which presented initially as a poorly differentiated sarcoma devoid of myxoid areas in the upper arm of an 85-year-old man. The recurrent tumor contained scattered myxoid areas, which merged imperceptibly with the poorly differentiated areas. Some myxoid areas contained necrotic foci surrounded by viable cells giving rise to a pseudorosettelike arrangement. There were epithelioid foci. This case confirms that solid variants of EMC may exist. Poorly differentiated EMC may have a worse prognosis than classic EMC.
Single-Gender Education at an Urban Middle School

Single-Gender Education at an Urban Middle School by Calvin R. Hooks MEd, National Louis University, 2006 BBA, Howard University, 2000 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University June 2016 Abstract Several recent studies have critiqued the cognitive science behind single genderSeveral recent studies have critiqued the cognitive science behind single gender education, and social cognitive theory has demonstrated that gender inequality in the classroom may inhibit students’ academic achievement. This study examined a singlegender education program for both middle school boys and girls established to remedy academic achievement deficiencies at a public charter school, to be identified as Urban Charter School (UCS), located in an urban area. The key research questions examined the trend in mathematics and reading student outcomes over a 6-year period, the relationship between gender and outcomes in mathematics and reading, and the comparison of outcomes between the single gender program at UCS and coeducational programs in the district. This ex post facto quantitative research design used historical state level reading and mathematics assessment data from archival state assessments of 110-135 middle school students annually, in Grades 6-8. Chi–square tests were conducted to examine the differences in mathematics and reading score outcomes by gender and school type. The results demonstrated no trend in UCS student achievement scores, UCS female students exceeded state assessment proficiency expectations, and the average proficiency levels in reading and mathematics of UCS students were higher than were district averages. This study provides educators and the community at large with additional research on the relationships between single-gender education programs and student achievement. Single-Gender Education at an Urban Middle School
Work support and turnover intention: The mediating roles of work-to-family conflict and facilitation

Work support is a key construct which has long been suggested to have important effects on turnover intention. This study developed a research model to test the mediating roles of work-to-family conlict and work-to-family facilitation between work support and turnover intention, using conservation of resources theory and social exchange theory. In a sample of 2828 married employees, SEM analysis showed that work-to-family conflict mediated the relation between the work support and turnover intention. Employees who matain the existing resources dealed with work more freely, transfered little tension to family domain and decreased role conflict which led to lower turnover intention. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses were used to test the impact of three sources of work support on work-to-family conflict. The results showed supervisor support most predict reduced work-to-family conflict than colleague support and organizational policies. According to these findings, organization should pay pay more attention to the patterns of leaders and take more care about decreasing employees's pressure instead of offering facilitation.
A Grounded Theory Study of the Prophet Muhammad’s Leadership Behaviors: A Model for Islamic School Principals

The Muslim population in the United States is expected to double over the next two decades. As the population grows, there will be a corresponding growth in the size and number of Islamic organizations, especially Islamic schools. Islamic schools were first established in the 1930s by the Nation of Islam and were followed by the establishment of Sunni Islamic schools in the 1970s. Islamic schools, similar to traditional schools, are operated by principals. Literature on educational leadership illustrates a vital role that principals play in schools. However, there is no Islamic educational leadership model that assists the work of principals of Islamic schools. The purpose of this study was to identify the leadership behaviors of the Prophet Muhammad and to develop an Islamic educational leadership model to aid principals operating Islamic schools in the United States. Literature on Islamic leadership, in general, is developing, and Islamic educational leadership has not yet been explored. This qualitative grounded theory study used the constant comparative method to examine a selected portion of the Sunnah. Results from the study led to the development of an emerging theory based on two core categories that emerged from the data analysis: Modeling and Directing Behaviors, and Motivating Followers to a Theocentric Worldview. The core categories, related themes, and properties are thoroughly discussed. Lastly, this dissertation discusses the implication of the findings, and makes recommendation for future studies. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Pamela Njapa-Minyard Second Supervisor Roy Minnix Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/243 A Grounded Theory Study of the Prophet Muhammad’s Leadership Behaviors: A Model for Islamic School Principals
Receptor‐Coupled Contractility of Uterine Smooth Muscle: From Membrane to Myofilaments

A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which agonists control uterine contraction is essential for the successful clinical management of parturition and for the timely treatment of situations involving inappropriate uterine performance. In this review we discuss some of the key stimulatory mechanisms linking receptor occupation at the myometrial plasma membrane with alteration of myofilament activation. We focus on evidence that receptor‐induced membranous recruitment of the small G‐protein rhoA, and its downstream effector rho‐associated kinase (ROK) is crucial to agonist‐induced Ca2+‐sensitisation of uterine contraction and that co‐ordination of this signal transduction pathway may be mediated by the actions of caveolins, proteins integral to specialised membranous regions termed caveolae.
[Predictors of postpartum depression: prospective cohort study].

PURPOSE This prospective cohort study was done to investigate recall bias to antepartum variables measured at postpartum periods and predictors of postpartum depression. METHODS Participants were 215 women who answered a self-administered questionnaire which included demographics, Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised and Korean version of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale at antepartum 36-40 weeks and postpartum 2 weeks and 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using kappa, and hierarchical multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Agreement between antepartum variables at both antepartum and two postpartum periods was relatively high (κ=.55-.95). Postpartum depression rates were 36.3% and 36.7% at two follow-up points. In hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis, prenatal depression (OR=4.32, 95% CI: 1.41-13.19; OR=5.19, 95% CI: 1.41-19.08), social support (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.66; OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53) and maternity blues (OR=4.75, 95% CI: 1.89-11.98; OR=4.22, 95% CI: 1.60-11.12) were commonly associated with postpartum depression at two follow-up points. Child care stress (OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.01-3.37) was only associated with postpartum depression at 2 weeks postpartum and pregnancy intendedness (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.09-2.27) was only associated with postpartum depression at 6 weeks postpartum. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a need to apply nursing interventions such as prenatal education and counseling with families from antenatal period.
House of gold: the politics of faith, accessibility and diplomacy in navigating Islamic microfinance (Baitul Maal wat Tamwil) in Surakarta, Indonesia

Supervisory Committee Dr. R. Christopher Morgan, Department of Pacific and Asian Studies Supervisor Dr. Michael Bodden, Department of Pacific and Asian Studies Departmental Member This research investigates how Islam is informing capitalism in Indonesia through an analysis of the Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) model of Islamic microfinance and how it operates as a local variant of the global phenomenon of microfinance. Using an ethnographic case study of BMT Solo, in Colomadu, Surakarta, Indonesia, this thesis examines the relationship value between Indonesia’s historical religious tensions and the influence of this form and practice of Islamic microfinance in Indonesia. This is a qualitative study for which original data was collected through field work conducted from August to November 2013. Qualitative methods and narratives were employed to ensure that the voices and stories of the participants, as they see the issues from their perspective, are heard. Field observations, event analysis and data from 14 semistructured interviews reveal that: while global conventional microfinance aims to eradicate poverty by providing the poor with access to credit, BMT Solo does not issue loans to the poor but rather works to combat poverty through the baitul maal function. As the data demonstrate, the way in which BMT Solo administers their baitul maal function results in the exclusion of the poor non-Muslim community in Colomadu reinforcing already delicate religious tensions between Muslims and non-Muslims in Indonesia. The data also elucidate the three main reasons for which founders, managers, staff and customers became involved with BMT Solo. One pattern that can be identified iv from the analysis, is that generally, with a few exceptions, founders and managers were motivated by reasons of faith while staff primarily by reasons of accessibility and customers by both reasons of accessibility and diplomacy. Diplomatic reasoning refers to community diplomacy and the elements of social pressure and conformity which are often associated with maintaining peaceful and harmonious relations. The reasons of diplomacy bring new insights into how the few non-Muslim BMT Solo customers are using Islamic microfinance to diplomatically co-exist in a majority Muslim community and to manage delicate religious tensions to mitigate potential difficulties.
Variations in satellite‐derived phenology in China's temperate vegetation

The relationship between vegetation phenology and climate is a crucial topic in global change research because it indicates dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate changes. In this study, we investigate the possible impact of recent climate changes on growing season duration in the temperate vegetation of China, using the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR)/normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) biweekly time‐series data collected from January 1982 to December 1999 and concurrent mean temperature and precipitation data. The results show that over the study period, the growing season duration has lengthened by 1.16 days yr−1 in temperate region of China. The green‐up of vegetation has advanced in spring by 0.79 days yr−1 and the dormancy delayed in autumn by 0.37 days yr−1. The dates of onset for phenological events are most significantly related with the mean temperature during the preceding 2–3 months. A warming in the early spring (March to early May) by 1°C could cause an earlier onset of green‐up of 7.5 days, whereas the same increase of mean temperature during autumn (mid‐August through early October) could lead to a delay of 3.8 days in vegetation dormancy. Variations in precipitation also influenced the duration of growing season, but such influence differed among vegetation types and phenological phases.
Staggered bilateral total knee arthroplasty performed four to seven days apart during a single hospitalization.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types and prevalence of complications associated with bilateral total knee replacement performed four to seven days apart during a single hospitalization and to compare them with those associated with bilateral knee replacement performed sequentially under the same anesthetic session or staged unilateral replacements performed during separate hospitalizations. METHODS Using a computerized database and medical records, we retrospectively evaluated 332 consecutive patients who underwent bilateral total knee replacement performed by two surgeons. A total of 241 patients underwent staggered bilateral knee replacement with the procedures performed four to seven days apart during one hospitalization, twenty-six underwent sequential bilateral total knee replacement, and sixty-five underwent staged bilateral knee replacement performed during two separate hospitalizations. The data on major complications, including death, return to operating room, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism, and on minor complications, including atrial fibrillation, deep-vein thrombosis, and urinary tract infection, were evaluated. RESULTS Patients undergoing sequential bilateral total knee replacement and staged bilateral knee replacement had an overall rate of complications that was 2.5 times higher than that of the staggered group. Major complications were rare in all groups, but they occurred most often in the staged bilateral replacement group. The overall rate of complications for the patients who had staggered bilateral knee replacement (13%) was significantly less (p = 0.0009) than that for the patients who had sequential bilateral knee replacement (35%) or staged bilateral knee replacement (31%). The length of inpatient stay for those with staggered total knee arthroplasty was four days longer than that for the sequential arthroplasty group (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Staggered bilateral total knee replacement, with the procedures performed four to seven days apart in a single hospitalization, is a safe and practical method for performing bilateral total knee replacement.
Enabling functional independence in Parkinson's disease: Update on occupational therapy intervention

Motor impairment and functional limitations are known sequelae of Parkinson's disease. Occupational therapy (OT) is recognized as an important adjunct to pharmacological management. This critical review provides an update on the effectiveness of OT. Eight studies were included in the review, three on occupational therapy task‐related training, two on functional training with external cues and three on OT as part of interdisciplinary treatment. Due to lack of level I studies, it is difficult to determine conclusively the effect of OT. However, there is evidence to suggest that treatment produces improvements in motor and quality of life for the duration of therapy. Implications for future studies and practice are discussed. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Mechanism of growth inhibitory effect of Mitomycin-C on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells: Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest

Purpose. To investigate the therapeutic potential of Mitomycin-C (MMC) in the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, the antiproliferative effect of MMC on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were investigated in vitro. Methods. Drug sensitivities of cultured human RPE cells to MMC were determined using the tetrazolium dye assay. In order to detect the presence of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was assessed by DAPI staining, and TdT-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The relative amount of DNA fragmentation was quantified by flow cytometric analysis. To analyze the cell cycle response of RPE cells to MMC, flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide stained nuclei was performed. The levels of proteins related to DNA damage in the RPE cells were then determined by Western blot analysis. Results. MMC inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The majority of RPE cells following treatment with 10 µg/ml of MMC exhibited fragmented nuclei as observed by DAPI staining and TUNEL assay. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated an accumulation of cells arrested in S and G2/M phase following treatment with 1 µg/ml of MMC. At 10 µg/ml of MMC, a dramatic increase of the cell population in the sub G1 peak, which can be considered a marker of cell death by apoptosis, was observed by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis of p53 and p21 revealed a gradual increase in the level of these proteins when RPE cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of MMC. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that the response of RPE cells to MMC was bi-directional: 1) partial arrest of the cell cycle at S, G2/M phase, and 2) induction of apoptotic cell death.
The decrease in hepatic IGF-I gene expression in arthritic rats is not associated with modifications in hepatic GH receptor mRNA.

OBJECTIVE Adjuvant-induced arthritis induces a catabolic response, and a decrease in circulating IGF-I. Hypermetabolism and GH insensitivity have been described in acute inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze whether impaired IGF-I secretion in arthritic rats can be attributed to hepatic GH resistance. DESIGN AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant, and 14 days afterwards arthritic and control rats were injected daily with recombinant human GH (rhGH) (3 IU/kg) or saline for 8 days. GH receptor (GHR) gene expression in the liver and the effect of rhGH on hepatic IGF-I synthesis in arthritic rats were examined. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in hepatic concentrations of IGF-I (P < 0.01) as well as in the IGF-I gene expression in arthritic but not in pair-fed rats. In contrast, arthritis did not modify GHR mRNA levels in the liver. The 8 day administration of rhGH resulted in an increase in body weight gain in arthritic but not in control rats. There was an increase in hepatic IGF-I synthesis and in GHR mRNA levels after rhGH treatment, both in control and in arthritic rats. Two endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) injections decreased hepatic concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-I mRNA (P < 0.01). Contrary to the results obtained in arthritic rats, mRNA expression of GHR in the liver was lower in LPS- than in saline-treated rats (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These data suggest that the decrease in IGF-I synthesis induced by chronic arthritis is not secondary to GH resistance.