Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotion and persuasion: Cognitive and meta-cognitive processes impact attitudes

This article addresses the multiple ways in which emotions can influence attitudes and persuasion via primary and secondary (meta-) cognition. Using the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion as a guide, we review evidence for five fundamental processes that occur at different points along the elaboration continuum. When the extent of thinking is constrained to be low, emotions influence attitudes by relatively simple processes that lead them to change in a manner consistent with the valence of the emotion. When thinking is constrained to be high, emotions can serve as arguments in favour of a proposal if they are relevant to the merits of the advocacy or they can bias thinking if the emotion precedes the message. If thinking is high and emotions become salient after thinking, they can lead people to rely or not rely on the thoughts generated either because the emotion leads people to like or dislike their thoughts (affective validation) or feel more confident or doubtful in their thoughts (cognitive validation). When thinking is unconstrained, emotions influence the extent of thinking about the persuasive communication. Although prior theories have addressed one or more of these fundamental processes, no other approach has integrated them into one framework.
Taking Care of Men: Conclusion: Waiting for the Man

Introduction 1. Changing Men? Part I. The Interests of Men: 2. Having a wife: the division of labour and male right 3. Producing men: the labour of love Part II. The Revolving Door: 4. Stalled rhetoric: the optimistic will 5. It's on the agenda: optimism about images 6. The new father: the masculine new man Part III. The Blocked Door: 7. Blocked door theory: misrecognising resistance 8. The separated, defensive male: psychologizing sexual politics 9. Conclusion: looking after men.
Chronic diverticulitis: clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study is to present a series of 14 patients with chronic diverticulitis on barium enema examinations and to correlate the radiographic findings with the clinical and pathologic findings in these patients. CONCLUSION Chronic diverticulitis is a distinct pathologic entity characterized by the frequent development of chronic obstructive symptoms and abdominal pain rather than the classic clinical findings of acute sigmoid diverticulitis. Barium enema examinations usually reveal a relatively long segment of circumferential narrowing in the sigmoid colon with a spiculated contour and tapered margins, sometimes associated with retrograde obstruction. Our experience suggests that chronic diverticulitis can often be diagnosed on the basis of the characteristic clinical and radiographic findings in these patients.
Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: Evidence from the Constraints of the Open-Economy Trilemma

We exploit the open-economy trilemma to identify externally-driven components of short-run income shocks over 105 countries from 1973-2004 and explore the statistical nature of the income-civil conflict nexus suggested by past empirical and theoretical work. Our results show that movement in foreign interest rates has important effects on civil conflict risk by affecting domestic economies. More importantly, the income-conflict relationship is found to be nonlinear – countries with more ethno-linguistically fragmented populations tend to fall much more easily into civil conflict during economic downturns. These results suggest an important mechanism by which short-term economic shocks affect the trajectory of the political and economic performance of ethnically divided states.
Moderate deviations for quantum hypothesis testing and a martingale inequality

“To be considered for the 2017 IEEE Jack Keil Wolf ISIT Student Paper Award. ” We study the asymptotic behavior of the type-I error in quantum hypothesis testing when the exponent of the type-II error approaches the quantum relative entropy sufficiently slowly. Our result shows that the moderate deviation principle holds for the testing problem if the quantum relative variance is positive. Our proof strategy employs strong large deviation theory and a martingale inequality.
Navigating the Impact of Globalization on Bank Efficiency in China

The paper provides for the first time empirical evidence on the impact of economic globalization on bank efficiency in a developing economy. Using the data envelopment analysis method, we compute the efficiency of the Chinese banking sector during 2000–2007. The empirical findings suggest that the inefficiency of the Chinese banking sector stems largely from scale rather than pure technical inefficiencies. Examining different components of economic globalization, we find that greater economic integration through higher trade flows, cultural proximity and political globalization have significant and positive influence on bank efficiency levels. The empirical findings suggest that liberalization (restrictions) of the capital account exerts a negative (positive) influence on bank efficiency levels in China.
Solid waste management in small hotels: a comparison of green and non-green small hotels in Wales

Solid waste generation and disposal is one of the most negative impacts of small hotels on the environment. Small hotels often pay little attention to their environmental responsibilities. This research builds upon an earlier work by the same authors considering solid waste management (SWM) issues in small Welsh hotels. It considers the Welsh Assembly Government's Green Dragon Environmental Standard (GDES) as an environmental management system developed specifically to target small and medium-sized enterprises and help them with aspects of environmental management, such as SWM. It explores SWM practices in green (i.e. GDES-accredited) and non-green small hotels and develops a best practice SWM model for them. Semi-structured interviews were used to investigate hoteliers’ attitudes and the barriers to implement sustainable SWM practices. The findings revealed that most non-GDES small hotels were highly reliant on landfill for the disposal of solid waste and felt negatively about the implementation of more sustainable SWM alternatives. In contrast, GDES small hotels used landfill as a last resort and targeted other waste hierarchy options in preference. The study develops a best practice model for policymakers (local authorities and UK central government) to influence and encourage better SWM practices in small hotels.
Growth hormone interacts with the Marek's disease virus SORF2 protein and is associated with disease resistance in chicken

Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens induced by a herpesvirus, the MD virus (MDV). Because MD is a significant economic problem to the poultry industry, there is great interest in enhancing genetic resistance, which is controlled by multiple genes. The influence of the MHC has been clearly demonstrated, and several relevant quantitative trait loci have been mapped; however, no single gene influencing MD resistance has been identified. Transcription of SORF2 is perturbed in the MDV recombinant clone RM1 due to a solo insertion of the reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat, which may explain the loss of oncogenicity for this strain. Hypothesizing that SORF2-interacting host proteins are involved in MD resistance, we screened a chicken splenic cDNA library by the yeast two-hybrid assay using SORF2 as bait. The chicken growth hormone (GH) structural peptide was identified, and the specific interaction was verified by coimmunoprecipitation. Immunohistochemical staining and indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated that GH and SORF2 can be coexpressed in MDV-infected cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, polymorphism in the GH gene (GH1) is associated with the number of tissues with tumors in commercial White Leghorn chickens with the MHC B*2/B*15 genotype. We conclude that GH1 may well be a MD resistance gene.
Scenario-Based Satisficing in Saving: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis

Contrary to the models of deterministic life cycle saving, we take it for granted that uncertainty of one's future is the essential problem of saving decisions. However, unlike the stochastic life cycle models, we capture this crucial uncertainty by a non-Bayesian scenario-based satisi¬ cing approach. Decision makers i¬ rst form aspirations for a few relevant scenarios, and then search for saving plans satisi¬ cing these aspirations. In addition to formally specifying scenario-based satisi¬ cing in saving, we explore it experimentally. The results coni¬ rm that optimal intertemporal allocations are diffcult to derive, and suggest that satisi¬ cing allocations can be reached easily when aspirations are incentivized.
The distribution of dairy farm size in Poland: a markov approach based on information theory

This article sets out to analyse the evolution of the dairy farm structure of Poland during the post-socialist period. After focusing on how the farm structure has changed over time, an instrumental variable generalized cross entropy estimator is used to develop and estimate a Markov model in order to explore how farm structure will probably develop in the coming decade. The estimator exploits both sample data and prior information, including general and plausible information on farm mobility and structural adjustments based on independent literature. Next, several statistical indicators are computed for farm mobility and for which farms are likely to survive. Finally, milk projections are made and related to policy scenarios. The projections show that the number of dairy farms will continue to decline, but the number of medium and large farms will increase. In the coming decade, subsistence dairy farms are expected to leave the sector slowly. Milk projections show that under the status quo, milk quotas will be binding and overrun, whereas under the 'soft landing' scenario they appear to be only binding after 2010.
A comparison of first and fifth year Texas agriculture teachers on personal teaching efficacy, general teaching efficacy, and content efficacy

The purpose of this study was to compare first and fifth year agriculture teachers’ on general teaching efficacy, personal teaching efficacy, and content efficacy. Teacher efficacy has been defined as a two dimensional construct composed of personal teaching and general teaching efficacy. Personal teaching efficacy involves a teacher’s evaluation of their own capability to bring about student learning. General teaching efficacy reflects the degree a teacher believes other educators can control the learning environment despite influences such as family background, intelligence quotient (IQ) and school conditions (Gibson & Dembo, 1984). Content efficacy is the level of confidence an agriculture teacher possesses in agribusiness and economics, plant and soil science, animal science, agricultural mechanics and technology, and natural resources and environmental science. The sample consisted of first and fifth year agriculture teachers in Texas during the 2006–07 school year. A total of 129 first year teachers and 68 fifth year teachers were identified and 141 teachers responded yielding a 71% response rate. Personal teaching and general teaching efficacy were measured by the short form of the teacher efficacy scale (Woolfolk & Hoy, 1990). A researcher developed instrument was used to measure content efficacy.
The Biomass Metabolism of the Food System: A Model‐Based Survey of the Global and Regional Turnover of Food Biomass

The food and agriculture system is among the largest anthropogenic activities in terms of appropriation of land and biological primary production, as well as alteration of the grand biogeochemical cycles of carbon, water, and nitrogen. Despite its importance in these respects, physically coherent descriptions and analyses of the food and agriculture system regarding the total turnover of fundamental flows (such as biomass) and resource use and efficiency of critical processes (such as animal food production) are relatively scarce.
Ideology or Economics: Government Banking in New Zealand

We argue that in the short history of New Zealand banking, political experimentation, based at first upon socialist ideology of the 1940’s led to the nationalisation of The Bank of New Zealand (BNZ), followed by a period of neo-liberalism in the 1980’s and early 1990’s in which the bank was privatised. We further argue that the establishment of Kiwibank Ltd (Kiwibank) in New Zealand at the dawn of the 21st Century was a return to the political ideology of the 1940’s. In this article we discuss the nationalisation and subsequent privatisation of the BNZ and draw a parallel between the perceived banking environment as it existed in New Zealand in the 20th Century and as it existed at the establishment of Kiwibank. By way of context setting we also discuss the political environment as it relates to the nationalisation of the Bank of England. We find that in New Zealand political experimentation, not commercial pragmatism was the underlying motivating factor for the state’s involvement in banking. The article contributes to the pool of knowledge regarding the political motivations behind nationalisation and state ownership of banking assets. The article is of interest to economic and political historians as well as those who study New Zealand political party history. Future policy makers could do well to reflect upon the motivations for state ownership of banking assets by asking if their decisions are driven by ideology or economics.
Rewards and Recognition in Employee Motivation

Reward and recognition are usually regarded as synonyms. They are, however, quite distinct and represent a fundamental duality in human motivation. Despite the overwhelming theoretical and research support for this duality, it continues to be ignored in the actual practice of designing and implementing employee motivation initiatives. Consequently, motivation programs are ineffective and may even erode employees’ ability to engage with their work. More important is the adverse impact on the ability to understand and learn about human motivation. Only when recognition and reward are treated as two distinct phenomena will the effectiveness of employee motivation initiatives be improved. This article clarifies the differences between the two distinct subsystems of human motivation and describes the different strategic role played by each subsystem. Specific recommendations for the design and implementation of employee motivation programs, given the recognition-reward distinction, are discussed.
The Role of Managerial Risk‐Taking in the ‘Rise and Fall’ of the CDS Market

Since the innovation of credit default swaps (CDSs) in 1997, the market for CDSs grew dramatically to $62 trillion in 2007 (ISDA 2010). However, this market declined significantly with the onset of the GFC, prompting the question, ‘What lies behind the phenomenal growth and the eventual collapse of the CDS market? ’ Using CDS spread data from 319 bank and non-bank financial institutions across 33 countries over the period 2001–2010, I provide evidence of the determinants that affect risk-taking by financial institutions, proxied by CDS spreads, and argue within an agency theoretical framework that managerial risk-taking contributed to the ‘rise and fall’ of the CDS market.
Developmental Idealism and Family Life in Malawi

This paper examines the extent to which developmental idealism has been disseminated in Malawi. Developmental idealism is a set of beliefs and values about development and the relationships between development and family structures and behavior. Developmental idealism states that attributes of societies and families defined as developed are better than attributes defined as traditional, that modern societies help produce modern families, that modern families facilitate the achievement of modern societies, and that the future will bring family change in the direction of modernity. Previous research has demonstrated that developmental idealism is widespread in many places around the world, but provides little systematic data about its occurrence in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper we help to fill this gap by examining the extent to which developmental idealism has become widespread in two settings in Malawi, a SubSaharan African country. Malawi was relatively isolated from the circulation of world culture during the three decades between independence from the British in 1964 and multiparty elections in 1994. Yet our analysis of survey data collected in 2009 and 2010 from two samples of men in Malawi shows considerable evidence that many aspects of developmental idealism have been spread in that country. Many people relate development with certain family attributes, believe that development brings family change, and believe that family change fosters development. Many people also perceive Malawi to be a changing society and predict that family attributes defined as modern will become more common in the future.
Fundamentals, Trader Activity and Derivative Pricing

We identify and explain a structural change in the relation between crude oil futures prices across contract maturities. As recently as 2001, near- and long-dated futures were priced as though traded in segmented markets. In 2002, however, the prices of one-year futures started to move more in sync with the price of the nearby contract. Since mid-2004, the prices of both the one-year-out and the two-year-out futures have been cointegrated with the nearby price. We link this transformation to changes in fundamentals, as well as to sea changes in the maturity structure and trader composition of futures market activity. In particular, we utilize a unique dataset of individual trader positions in exchange-traded crude oil options and futures to show that increased market activity by commodity swap dealers, and by hedge funds and other financial traders, has helped link crude oil futures prices at different maturities.
The transition from school to work in Flanders: a duration analysis

The aim of this paper is to distinguish some of the factors that have an influence on the length of the joblessness period between the school‐leaving date and the start of the first job. Several hypotheses are tested on the basis of a duration model using data on Flemish school leavers. The speed of the transition process is found to be a function of factors that are controllable at relatively low cost, such as search intensity, factors that are manageable at large investments cost, such as the level of education, as well as factors that are outside of control, such as ethnicity.
The Consequences of Forced CEO Succession for Outside Directors

We find an increased likelihood of outside director turnover following forced CEO succession, especially among those directors that are closely aligned with the outgoing CEO, own little equity, and make poor replacement decisions. Directors that remain on the board, however, are more likely to acquire new directorships than those that remain on the board of a matched- sample firm. Overall, the results suggest that outside directors who are not aligned with the CEO and own relatively large equity stakes are rewarded when they remove a poorly performing CEO and replace him or her with a CEO that improves firm performance. Copyright 2000 by University of Chicago Press.
Gender differences in tooth loss among Chilean adolescents: Socio-economic and behavioral correlates

Objective. To investigate gender differences in tooth loss among Chilean adolescents and its association with selected socio-economic indicators and oral-health-related behaviors. Material and methods. Data on 9,163 Chilean adolescents obtained using multistage random cluster procedures. Clinical recordings included information on missing teeth and the participants provided information on socio-demographic factors and oral-related behaviors. Two eruption-time-adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between gender, tooth loss and socio-economic position/oral-health-related behaviors. Results. The association between gender and tooth loss remained after adjusting for age, eruption times in both the socio-economic position regression model and the oral-health-related behaviors model. Tooth loss followed social gradients for the variables paternal income and achieved parental education, with students reporting a paternal income <$100,000 (OR = 2.0), and having a father (OR = 1.8) and a mother (OR = 2.0) who achieved only primary school education being more likely to experience tooth loss. The adjusted regression model for behavioral indicators revealed that students who reported brushing their teeth once a day (OR = 1.6) were more likely to have experienced tooth loss than those who reported more frequent toothbrushing. Students who visited a dentist rarely (OR = 0.8) or never (OR = 0.5) were less likely to have lost first molars and/or incisors. Conclusions. The results demonstrate that gender differences in tooth loss among young Chileans are related to socio-economic position; and selected oral-health-related behaviors after adjusting for eruption time variation.
Australia's environmental climate change challenge: overview with reference to water resources

Anthropogenic warming of the global climate system is beyond doubt. Impacts from a changing climate are already occurring and the latest scientific research suggests that some aspects are locked in for centuries to come. Climate change therefore poses one of the greatest challenges to Australia's environment and water resources. Historical experience and past trends may no longer be a reliable predictor of the future. This article provides a brief overview of the latest scientific research and thinking on the climate change challenge. Observed changes and projections for temperature, rainfall, extreme events and ocean acidification are presented in an Australian context. The impacts of a range of climate change drivers are summarised, expanding upon the well-accepted general warming and drying trend for southern and eastern Australia. Current thinking regarding ‘dangerous’ climate change is that we are tracking on the higher end scale or above of the worst case scenario predictions reported by the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) released in 2007. The implications for Australia's water resources, and in particular the Murray-Darling Basin, are significant. There appears to be a brief window of opportunity to act and adapt to enhance resilience to climate change; however, this requires an urgent and sustained commitment, and investment in Australia's environmental assets.
Debt Investments in Private Firms: Legal Institutions and Investment Performance in 25 Countries

The authors document the types of private debt investments made by fund managers into private firms across 25 countries from 2001–2010. Returns to private debt investments depend on lender (fund manager) characteristics, particularly portfolio size per manager, thus highlighting the role of time allocation for due diligence and monitoring. Also, investment returns are significantly related to borrower (firm-specific) risk. By contrast, market conditions, such as TED spreads, and country-level legal factors, such as creditor rights, are insignificantly or, at most, weakly related to returns. Market and legal conditions are nevertheless significantly related to private debt investment volumes and location.