Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is There a Difference in Credit Constraints Between Private and Listed Companies in Brazil? Empirical Evidence by The Cash Flow Sensitivity Approach

This article analyzes the credit constraints, using the cash flow sensitivity approach, of private and listed companies between 2007 and 2010. According to this approach, the econometric results show that the credit constraints are the same for either private or listed companies. This paper seeks to contribute to the literature because the study of credit constraints of private companies based on cash flow sensitivity in Brazil has been rare.
1 Industrial districts , inward foreign investment and regional development

This paper compares the importance of agglomerations of local firms, and inward FDI as drivers of regional development. The empirical analysis exploits a unique panel dataset of the Italian manufacturing sector at the regional and industry levels. We explore whether FDI and firm agglomeration can be drivers of total factor productivity (separately and jointly), with this effect being robust to different estimators, and different assumptions about inter-regional effects. In particular, we isolate one form of firm agglomeration that is especially relevant in the Italian context, industrial districts, in order to ascertain their impact on productivity. In so doing, we distinguish standard agglomeration and localisation economies from industrial districts to understand what additional impact the latter has on standard agglomeration effects. Interaction effects between FDI spillovers and different types of agglomeration economies shed some light on the heterogeneity of regional development patterns as well as on the opportunity to fine tune policy measures to specific regional contexts. JEL classification: O33, R58
Change point estimation in noisy Hammerstein integral equations

We consider the inverse regression model Y = Hf (X) + e for several classes of non- linear Hammerstein integral operators H. In particular identifiability depending on the integral kernel is discussed. We introduce estimators for parametric functions f with discontinuities of certain order including piecewise polynomials with kinks or jumps or free-knot splines respectively. We derive rates of convergence and asymptotic normality of these estimators and a data example from rheology illustrates the results. An ex- tension of the model for functions f from approximation spaces of parametric piecewise continuous functions is presented.
A Secure and Privacy-Aware Route Tracing and Revocation Mechanism in VANET-based Clouds

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) has gone through a rich amount of research and currently is making its way towards the deployment. However, surprisingly it evolved to rather more applications and services-rich breed referred to as VANET-based clouds due to the advancements in the automobile and communication technologies. Security and privacy have always been the challenges for the think tanks to deploy this technology on mass scale. It is even worse that some security issues are orthogonally related to each other such as privacy, revocation and route tracing. In this paper, we aim at a specific VANET-based clouds framework proposed by Hussain et al. namely VANET using Clouds (VuC) where VANET and cloud
Numerical Investigation of Turning Diffuser Performance by Varying Geometric and Operating Parameters

This paper presents a numerical investigation of pressure recovery and flow uniformity in turning diffusers with 90o angle of turn by varying geometric and operating parameters. The geometric and operating parameters considered in this study are area ratio (AR= 1.6, 2.0 and 3.0) and inflow Reynolds number (Rein=23, 2.653E+04, 7.959E+04, 1.592E+05 and 2.123E+05). Three turbulence models, i.e. the standard k-e turbulence model (std k-e), the shear stress transport model (SST-k-W) and the Reynolds stress model (RSM) were assessed in terms of their applicability to simulate the actual cases. The standard k-e turbulence model appeared as the best validated model, with the percentage of deviation to the experimental being the least recorded. Results show that the outlet pressure recovery of a turning diffuser at specified Rein improves approximately 32% by varying the AR from 1.6 to 3.0. Whereas, by varying the Rein from 2.653E+04 to 2.123E+05, the outlet pressure recovery at specified AR turning diffuser improves of approximately 24%. The flow uniformity is considerably distorted with the increase of AR and Rein. Therefore, there should be a compromise between achieving the maximum pressure recovery and the maximum possible flow uniformity. The present work proposes the turning diffuser with AR=1.6 operated at Rein=2.653E+04 as the optimum set of parameters, producing pressure recovery of Cp=0.320 and flow uniformity of su=1.62, with minimal flow separation occurring in the system.
Shock absorbing characteristics and vibration transmissibility of honeycomb paperboard

Honeycomb paperboard is a kind of environmental-friendly package cushioning material with honeycomb sandwich structure, and may be employed to protect products from shock or vibration damage during distribution. This paper deals with the characterization of properties of honeycomb paperboard relevant to its application for protective packaging in transportation, such as dynamic cushion curves and vibration transmissibility. The main feature of the paper is the evaluation on the shock absorbing characteristics and vibration transmissibility of honeycomb paperboards with different thickness by a series of experimental studies on the drop shock machine and vibration table. By using the fitting polynomial of the curve, the experiential formulas and characteristic coefficients of dynamic cushion curves of honeycomb paperboards with different thickness have been obtained. From the vibration tests with slow sine sweep, the peak frequencies and vibration transmissibility are measured and used to estimate the damping ratios. All the works provide basic data and curves relevant to its application for protective packaging in transportation.
Consolidation properties of compacted lateritic soil stabilized with tyre ash

Received 05 September, 2013 Received in revised form 02 October, 2013 Accepted 14 October, 2013 Assessment of the consolidation properties of compacted lateritic soils stabilized with up to 8% tyre ash were carried out using time dependent one dimensional consolidation test; to enhance the usage of the material in geotechnical engineering. Samples were prepared at three different moulding water contents (2% dry of optimum, optimum moisture content and 2% wet of optimum) and compacted using the modified American Association of State Transportation and Highway Official (AASTHO) compactive energy. The liquid limit, plasticity index, shrinkage limit and linear shrinkage of the studied soils were optimally improved on the addition of tyre ash. Preconsolidation pressure increased with tyre ash content but decreased with increasing moulding water content. Reductions in both the compression index (Cc) and swell index (Cs) were observed with increase in tyre ash content irrespective of the moulding water content. However Cc increased with higher moulding water content while Cs decreased with higher moulding water content. The coefficient of volume compressibility (Mv) decreased with increasing tyre ash content and consolidation pressure irrespective of the moulding water content. In addition, samples compacted on the dry side optimum moisture content (OMC) had the least Mv for all the pressure increments. The coefficient of consolidation (Cv) decreased with increase in consolidation pressure and increased with increase in percentage tyre ash content in the three different moulding water contents. However, Cv decreased with higher moulding water content. The study revealed that consolidation characteristics (compressibility) are influenced by the fabric and particle state of the soil.
Peranan wanita dalam politik dan pembangunan di Malaysia : Satu tinjauan / Zaherawati Zakaria

Sumbangan wanita dari pelbagai aspek kehidupan seperti ekonomi, sosial dan politik di kebanyakan negara-negara di dunia begitu dominan sekali. Wanita hari ini bergerak maju dalam pelbagai bidang seperti pendidikan, kemahiran, pekerjaan, kepimpinan dan sebagainya. Peranan wanita di Malaysia pada masa kini boleh dibanggakan berbanding lebih lima puluh tahun dahulu. Peranan mendidik dan memandu generasi memerlukan kerjasama semua pihak dan perlu diperhebat untuk menjadikan wanita kepada penyumbang pembangunan negara yang lebih adil dan saksama. Menerusi cetusan Wawasan 2020, ternyata hasrat kerajaan untuk menjadikan Malaysia sebagai sebuah negara maju adalah diharapkan oleh semua pihak. Pelbagai perubahan telah, sedang dan akan dilakukan untuk mencapai matlamat tersebut. Oleh yang demikian, penglibatan wanita adalah pelengkap untuk menguruskan pembangunan dan penglibatan dalam politik negara akan memberi satu paradigma baru dalam kedudukan mereka dalam kerajaan.
Influence of the Cervical Enlargement in Determining the Diameter of the First File and Establishing the Working Length

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of different methods of cervical prepare in determining the first file of the apical preparation of root canal and working length. Thirty mesiobuccal fully formed roots of upper first permanent molars humans were used and the root canals were initially cleaned with K-file #10. Then, the teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to the type of enlargement: group I: ProTaper S1, SX; group II: K3 Orifice Opener 25.10 and 25.08; and group III: technique with hybrid K-type hand files and gates glidden drills # 3 and # 2. The specimens were taken to a stereomicroscope to evaluate the adaptation of the first file in the dentinal walls at length established. The data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. The reliability of the apex locator methods was performed by Spearman test. All groups showed statistically significant difference in the length of root canals after preparation of the cervical third (p < 0.05). The level of agreement between the measurement and visual electronics was higher (r = 98.07%) before the cervical enlargement, compared to that reported after cervical preparation (r = 96.42%) (p < 0.0001). Based on the methodology, was possible to conclude that cervical and middle thirds prepare were important to determine the first file diameter and it did lead to a decrease in the working length. The electronic apex was effective to determine the working length.
Towards a realistic 3D simulation of the extraction region in ITER NBI relevant ion source

The development of negative ion (NI) sources for ITER is strongly accompanied by modelling activities. The ONIX code addresses the physics of formation and extraction of negative hydrogen ions at caesiated sources as well as the amount of co-extracted electrons. In order to be closer to the experimental conditions the code has been improved. It includes now the bias potential applied to first grid (plasma grid) of the extraction system, and the presence of Cs+ ions in the plasma. The simulation results show that such aspects play an important role for the formation of an ion–ion plasma in the boundary region by reducing the depth of the negative potential well in vicinity to the plasma grid that limits the extraction of the NIs produced at the Cs covered plasma grid surface. The influence of the initial temperature of the surface produced NI and its emission rate on the NI density in the bulk plasma that in turn affects the beam formation region was analysed. The formation of the plasma meniscus, the boundary between the plasma and the beam, was investigated for the extraction potentials of 5 and 10 kV. At the smaller extraction potential the meniscus moves closer to the plasma grid but as in the case of 10 kV the deepest meniscus bend point is still outside of the aperture. Finally, a plasma containing the same amount of NI and electrons , representing good source conditioning, was simulated. It is shown that at such conditions the extracted NI current can reach values of ∼32 mA cm−2 using ITER-relevant extraction potential of 10 kV and ∼19 mA cm−2 at 5 kV. These results are in good agreement with experimental measurements performed at the small scale ITER prototype source at the test facility BATMAN.
Effect of turning out dairy cows to pasture on milk somatic cell count

An increase in milk somatic cell count is often observed in commercial herds when cows are on pasture during summer. The objective of this study was to check, in experimental con- ditions, if this effect is due to the turning out to pasture. Three groups of cows were observed for five weeks: 10 cows with low somatic cell count ( 300 000 cells/ml) went to pasture after two weeks in the cow-shed. The measurements were: milk production, chemical composition, somatic cell count, pathogens in the milk and plasma markers. Milk production and fat content were higher in cows turned out to pasture than in cows staying in the cow-shed (+1.4 kg and +3.4 g/kg). No effect of turning out to pasture on milk protein content, milk somatic cell count and plasma markers level was noticed. In conclusion, the increase in milk somatic cell count observed in summer seems not to be due to the environmental change when cows turned out to pasture. Alternative explanations are suggested. dairy cow / milk / somatic cell count / pasture
Spectrophotometric Flow Injection Analysis of Protein in Urine Using Tetrabromophenolphthalein Ethyl Ester and Triton X-100

A sensitive, rapid and accurate determination of protein in patient urine was carried out by flow injection analysis (FIA) using tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester (TBPE·H) and Triton X-100 at pH 3.0. The detection system was based on the ion association formation between human serum albumin (HSA) and TBPE·H in the micelle formed by Triton X-100. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.15 – 12 mg/dL HSA with R 2 = 0.998. The 3σ limit of detection of the proposed FIA method was 0.05 mg/dL at 610 nm. The relative standard deviation (n = 10) of 3.0 mg/dL HSA was 1.2% and the sample throughput was 30 h –1 .
The ISO view of Palomar-Green quasars

Mining the ISO data archive we provide the complete ISO view of PG quasars containing 64 infrared spec- tral energy distributions between 5 and 200 µm. About half of the sample was supplemented by MAMBO and SCUBA (sub-)millimetre data. Since the PG quasars were selected optically, the high infrared detection rate of more than 80% sug- gests that every quasar possesses luminous to hyperluminous dust emission with dust masses comparable to Seyferts and ultraluminous IR galaxies (ULIRGs). The gas-to-dust mass ratio (of those sources where CO measurements are available in the literature) is consistent with the galactic value providing further evidence for the thermal nature of the IR emission of radio quiet quasars. The SEDs represent templates of unprecedented detail and sensitivity. The power-law like near- to mid-IR SEDs (Fν ∝ ν α ) are smooth up to far-infrared wavelengths, favouring dust heating by the central AGN, and we conclude that, in particular for our hyperluminous quasars at z = 1, starbursts play only a minor role for powering the dust emission, even in the FIR. The IR spectral slopes α1−10 µm range from -0.9 to -2.2 with a mean of −1.3 ± 0.3. They neither correlate with the optical spectral slope α0.3−1 µm, nor with the IR luminosity, nor with the FIR/MIR luminosity ratio, nor with inclination-dependent ex- tinction effects in the picture of a dusty torus. We suggest that the diversity of the SEDs reflects largely the evolution of the dust distribution, and we propose a classification of the SED shapes as well as an evolutionary scheme in which this variety can be understood. During the evolution the surrounding dust redistributes, settling more and more into a torus/disk like configuration, while the SEDs show an initial FIR bump, then an increasing MIR emission and a steeper near- to mid-infrared slope, both of which finally also decrease. Strikingly, based on the sensitive ISO data now we do not only see the coarse IR differences between ULIRGs and quasars, but also the details and a possible evolution of the dust distribution and emission even among the optically selected PG sample. Regarding cosmic evolution, our hyperluminous quasars in the "local" universe at z = 1d o not show the hyperluminous (LFIR > 10 13 L� ) starburst activity inferred for z = 4 quasars detected in several (sub-)millimetre surveys. In view of several caveats this difference should be established further, but it already suggests that in the early dense universe stronger merger events led to more powerful starbursts accompanying the quasar phenomenon, while at later cosmic epochs any coeval starbursts obviously do not reach that high power and are outshone by the AGN.
Effect of promoter strength and signal sequence on the periplasmic expression of human interferon-α2b in Escherichia coli

Two plasmids, pFLAG-ATS and pET 26b(+), were studied for the periplasmic expression of recombinant human interferon-2b (IFN-2b) in Escherichia coli. The pFLAG-ATS contains ompA signal sequence and tac promoter while pET 26b(+) contains pelB signal sequence and T7lac promoter. It was observed that periplasmic expression of IFN-2b from pET 26b(+) was around 3000 times higher than pFLAGATS. Difference in the expression level was attributed to the difference in the promoters and the signal sequences. In silico analysis of mRNA secondary structures were analyzed using Vienna RNA package and MFOLD. The results suggested that the increase of expression would mainly due to the difference in the translation initiation associated with secondary structure of mRNA transcribed by both plasmids.
Performance of Boro Rice in Response to Different Application Methods of Urea Fertilizer

N (nitrogen) is an essential element that is very complex to manage. Adjustment to different application methods of N containing urea can be a crucial option for effective management of N. The experiment was carried out at the BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Centre, Gazipur during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons with the objectives to find out the response of genotypes and different urea fertilizer application methods on growth parameters, yield and yield attributes of Boro rice. The experiment was arranged in split-plot design with three replications having two genotypes viz. (i) V1 = GSR I Sal Y 1242 and (ii) V2 = BRRI dhan28 placed in main plot and four urea application methods viz. (i) T1 = 220 kg ha-1 PU at three equal splits (ii) T2= 2% foliar spray @ 80 kg ha-1 (iii) T3= 75 kg N ha-1 USG (2.7 g) and (iv) T4= LCC based urea @ 67.5 kg ha-1 placed in sub plot. Results showed that genotypes had non-significant influence for most of the growth parameters and yield components, whereas urea fertilizer application methods had significant effect on all growth parameters, yield and yield attributes except plant height at 40 DAT and 50% flowering stage. With different methods of urea application, T4 achieved significantly the highest value of all growth parameters, yield and yield components with total N content hill-1 (3.859%) and harvest index (50.70%) except filled grain panicle-1 (82.98) at harvest. Among the interactive treatments, the highest number of tillers m-2 (351.66), dry weight hill-1 (88.13 g), panicle number m-2 (340.83), panicle length (23.33 cm) and grain yield (7.32 t ha-1) was obtained at V1T4. So, in aspect of yield and other parameters, V1T4 was the best treatment under the present study.
Traumatic Brain Injury: The Relationship of Psychosocial Variables and Location of Injury to Post-Injury Depression

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) affects nearly 1.4 million people in the United States annually, and of these, 10% to 77% will experience post-injury depression. Psychosocial variables such as previous substance and alcohol abuse, prior mental illness, low educational attainment, and poverty have been identified as possible risk factors. Additionally, the location of injury appears to play a key role particularly if the injury occurs in the left hemisphere. This study examined archival data from brain-injured patients in an effort to better understand the factors related to post-TBI depression. Past medical records of brain-injured adults (N = 52) were reviewed and coded for location of injury, demographic and psychosocial variables, as well as the presence of depression. Results did not reveal significant relationships between past substance or alcohol abuse, prior mental illness, or level of education and post-TBI depression. In addition, there was no significant relationship between location of injury and post-TBI depression; however, results highlighted a possible trend toward left-sided lesions and depression. Further research is needed to shed light on the complexity of affective sequelae following TBI.
DsRed gene expression by doxycycline in porcine fibroblasts and cloned embryos using transposon

To develop a transgenic pig, introduction of foreign genes into fibroblasts is required. In this study, Piggybac transposition was used to produce tetracycline dependent gene expressing cloned embryos. Red fluorescence proteins (DsRed) combined with tetracycline promoter flanked transposon sequences were transfected into fetal fibroblasts, and the transfected cells were used as the donor for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Induction of DsRed expression was successfully controlled by doxycycline treatment in donor fibroblasts and early stage embryos. In conclusion, this study suggested that Piggybac transposition could deliver genes into cells or embryos for developing transgenic pig.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation To Study Single And Multi Bubble Dynamics

In recent years, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has emerged as a powerful tool that has replaced conventional macroscopic techniques like Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in many applications. The LBM starts from mesoand microscopic Boltzmann’s kinetic equation to determine macroscopic fluid dynamics. The origins of LBM can be drawn back to lattice gas cellular automata (LGCA); however it lacks Galilean invariance and creates statistical noise in the system. LBM on the other hand does away from these drawbacks of LGCA, and is easy to implement in complex geometries and can be used to study microscopic flow behavior in complex fluids/fluid mixtures. In this work, the LBM is used as a tool to study isothermal bubble dynamics of single and multiple bubbles in heavier fluids. Some benchmark problems have been solved to prove the effectiveness of LBM over conventional solvers and results have been compared to analytical/existing solutions. Flow behavior at different flow parameters have been recorded and presented. Bubble shape regimes have been classified based on the important twophase flow parameters, namely the Eotvos number, Morton number, Reynolds number and the Weber number. Single bubble simulations have been conducted in fairly large domains to capture terminal velocities, which have been compared to existing theoretical solutions, obtained using the potential flow theory. The terminal velocities so obtained have also been used for the estimation of drag and drag coefficient for a range of Eotvos and Reynolds numbers, and the drag coefficient so computed has been compared with those predicted by existing correlations and analytical expressions. Bubble dynamics and collision and coalescence for multiple bubbles rising under the influence of gravity in fully periodic domains have been simulated using LBM, and the flow behavior around such bubbles prior to and after coalescence have been studied and