Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Galactogogues in the Breastfeeding Mother

Objective: To review data regarding the efficacy of galactogogues available in the US to increase breast milk production in postpartum mothers. Data Sources: Literature was sought using PubMed (1966-June 2012) and EMBASE (1973-June 2012). Search terms included breastfeeding, breast milk, Lactation, galactogogue, motoctopramide, oxytocin, fenugreek, milk thistle, Silymarin, growth hormone, thyroid releasing hormone, medroxyprogesterone, domperidono. goat's rue, beer, Asparagus racemosus, shatavari, Medicago sativa, alfalfa. Onicus bonedictus. blessed thistle, Galoga officinalis, brewer's yeast, and herbals. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All studies including humans and published in English with data assessing the efficacy of galactogogues for increasing breast milk production were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Breast milk is considered the optimal food source for newborns through 1 year of age. Many factors influence overall maternal production, including maternal pain, illness, balance of time when returning to work, anxiety, or emotional stress. Although a variety of herbal and pharmaceutical options have anecdotal evidence of their ability to improve breast milk production, peer-reviewed studies proving their efficacy are lacking. Metoclopramide, oxytocin, fenugreek, and milk thistle have shown mixed results in improving milk production; however, the trials were small and had a variety of limitations. Conclusions: Nonpharmacologic recommendations should be exhausted before adding therapy. Although anecdotal evidence encourages the use of metoclopramide, fenugreek, asparagus, and milk thistle for their galactogogue properties, efficacy and safety data in the literature are lacking. Oxytocin and domperidono are potentially available for compounding purposes, but safety data are limited. More studies are needed to evaluate the effects of available galactogogues on breast milk production.
Health related quality of life after conservative or invasive treatment of inducible postinfarction ischaemia

OBJECTIVE To assess health related quality of life in patients with inducible postinfarction ischaemia. DESIGN A questionnaire based follow up study on patients randomised to conservative or invasive treatment because of postinfarction ischaemia. SETTING Seven county hospitals in eastern Denmark and the Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. PATIENTS 113 patients with inducible postinfarction ischaemia: 51 were randomised to conservative treatment and 62 to invasive treatment. Average follow up time was three years (19–57 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES SF-36, Rose angina and dyspnoea questionnaire, drug use, lifestyle, and cognitive function. RESULTS Invasively treated patients scored better on the SF-36 scales of physical functioning (p = 0.03) and on role-physical (p = 0.04) and physical component scales (p = 0.05) and took significantly less anti-ischaemic drug treatment. Angina occurred in 18% of the invasively treated patients and 31% of the conservatively treated patients (p = 0.09). However, more invasively treated patients suffered from concentration difficulties (18% v 4%; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Patients who were treated invasively had better health related quality of life scores in the physical variables compared with conservatively treated patients. However, a larger proportion of invasively treated patients had concentration difficulties.
Safety of New Oral Anticoagulants with Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

OBJECTIVE To determine the safety of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban with dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes. DATA SOURCES A literature search of MEDLINE (1946–January 2013) was conducted, using the search terms dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban in combination with dual antiplatelet therapy. A search of literature citations was conducted to identify additional references. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Randomized controlled trials involving the use of one of the new anticoagulants with concomitant dual antiplatelet therapy were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS Five randomized controlled trials were reviewed, including 1 trial of dabigatran, 2 trials of rivaroxaban, and 2 trials of apixaban. These studies were conducted in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome, so most patients were receiving aspirin and clopidogrel as dual antiplatelet therapy in addition to a therapeutic dose of one of the anticoagulants. The 3 Phase 2 dose-ranging trials (1 each of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban) found an increasing risk of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding with increasing doses of the anticoagulants. The Phase 3 trial of apixaban was terminated early due to an excess of bleeding events, and the trial of rivaroxaban also found an increased risk of bleeding. CONCLUSIONS The emerging use of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban into clinical practice has introduced additional management options, but also safety concerns when combined with antiplatelet agents. Due to the increased risk of bleeding when combining an anticoagulant with 2 antiplatelet agents, clinicians should monitor and educate patients on avoiding potential complications. The need for continued triple regimens should be periodically reviewed.
Rivoglitazone: A New Thiazolidinedione for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of the thiazolidinedione rivoglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, to determine its potential role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966-February 2013) was conducted for English-language studies in humans, using the terms rivoglitazone and CS011. Abstracts presented at the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes annual meetings from 2007 to 2012 were also evaluated for relevant data. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles pertinent to the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of rivoglitazone were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Rivoglitazone has been shown, through small clinical studies, to decrease hemoglobin A1c (A1C) by 0.11-1.1% when compared with placebo and may provide greater A1C reduction than pioglitazone. Rivoglitazone reduces hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia by acting as an agonist of PPAR-γ. Rivoglitazone is the most potent PPAR-γ agonist; the initial recommended dose is 1 mg daily, with adjustment as needed to a maximum dose of 2 mg daily. Additionally, rivoglitazone has a longer half-life than other PPAR-γ agonists. Similar to those of the other PPAR-γ agonists, rivoglitazone's adverse effects include peripheral edema and weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: Rivoglitazone is the fourth agent in the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetes drugs. Although rivoglitazone appears to be more potent in its ability to lower A1C levels compared with other thiazolidinediones, further studies of longer duration are needed to fully assess the risks associated with this drug. Until these can be completed, we cannot recommend rivoglitazone over currently approved drugs in this class.
Medical Applications for Pharmacists Using Mobile Devices

BACKGROUND Mobile devices (eg, smartphones, tablet computers) have become ubiquitous and subsequently there has been a growth in mobile applications (apps). Concurrently, mobile devices have been integrated into health care practice due to the availability and quality of medical apps. These mobile medical apps offer increased access to clinical references and point-of-care tools. However, there has been little identification of mobile medical apps suitable for the practice of pharmacy. OBJECTIVE To address the shortage of recommendations of mobile medical apps for pharmacists in daily practice. DATA SOURCES Mobile medical apps were identified via the iTunes and Google Play Stores via the “Medical” app categories and key word searches (eg, drug information, medical calculators). In addition, reviews provided by professional mobile medical app review websites were used to identify apps. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Mobile medical apps were included if they had been updated in the previous 3 months, were available in the US, used evidence-based information or literature support, had dedicated app support, and demonstrated stability. Exclusion criteria included apps that were not available in English, had advertisement bias, used nonreferenced sources, were available only via an institution-only subscription, and were web-based portals. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-seven mobile apps were identified and reviewed that involved general pharmacy practice, including apps that involved drug references, clinical references, medical calculators, laboratory references, news and continuing medical education, and productivity. CONCLUSIONS Mobile medical apps have a variety of features that are beneficial to pharmacy practice. Individual clinicians should consider several characteristics of these apps to determine which are suitable to incorporate into their daily practice.
Cytomegalovirus and Child Day Care

Abstract To determine whether day-care workers acquire cytomegalovirus infection from the children they care for, we studied 610 women employed at 34 day-care centers over two years. Forty-one percent of the caretakers were seropositive for cytomegalovirus. After adjustment for the effects of race, marital status, and age on seropositivity, the women who cared for children younger than two years of age had a significantly higher seropositivity rate (46 percent) than the women who cared for children older than two years of age (35 percent) (relative risk, 1.29; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.57; P<0.02). Of 202 initially seronegative caretakers (observed for an average of 305 days per woman), 19 seroconverted, for an annual seroconversion rate of 11 percent. This rate was significantly higher than the 2 percent annual rate of seroconversion among 229 seronegative women (11 of whom seroconverted) in a comparison group of female hospital employees observed for an average of 781 days per woman (rel.
Exploring the relationships between trait emotional intelligence and objective socio-emotional outcomes in childhood.

BACKGROUND Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or trait emotional self-efficacy) is a constellation of emotion-related self-perceptions and dispositions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies. This paper examines the validity of this construct, as operationalized by the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Child Form (TEIQue-CF), in primary schoolchildren. AIMS The main aim was to examine the construct validity of trait EI in middle and late childhood by exploring its relationships with cognitive ability, emotion perception, and social behaviour. SAMPLE The sample comprised 140 children aged between 8 and 12 years (M=9.26 years, SD=1.00 year; 63 girls) from two English state primary schools. METHOD Pupils completed the TEIQue-CF, the standard progressive matrices (SPM), the guess who peer assessment, the social skills training (SST) test, and the assessment of children's emotion skills (ACES) during formal class periods. The procedure took approximately two hours with a short break between assessments. RESULTS Trait EI scores were positively related both to peer-rated prosocial behaviour and to overall peer competence. They also predicted emotion perception accuracy beyond overall peer competence. As hypothesized in trait EI theory, the construct was unrelated to IQ (Raven's matrices) and academic performance. CONCLUSIONS Trait EI is successfully operationalized through the TEIQue-CF and has important and multifaceted implications for the socialization of primary schoolchildren.
Conceptions of learning, approaches to studying and personal development in UK higher education.

BACKGROUND Students in higher education are known to vary in their conceptions of learning, their approaches to studying, and the personal development and personal change that result. AIMS This study aimed to explore the relationships among these four aspects of students' experience; to examine whether there were variations across academic subjects and across departments in each subject; and to explore whether there were changes from first year to after graduation. SAMPLE Students in the first year and the final year of the undergraduate programmes at 15 departments, five offering each of three subjects: bioscience, business studies, and sociology. METHOD Participants completed a questionnaire containing four instruments and were given a similar questionnaire roughly two years later (when the entering students were in their third year, and when the exiting students were in their second year after graduation). RESULTS The students' conceptions of learning showed a clear relationship with their approaches to studying, but the relationships with their personal development and personal change were much weaker. The students' scores were significantly related to age and gender and showed some significant differences across academic subjects and departments. However, there was little change in their scores over time. CONCLUSION Students' approaches to studying are influenced by their conceptions of learning and are relatively consistent across different contexts. In contrast, their reports of personal change and development seem to be determined by their implicit theories on entering higher education.
Evaluación del impacto de los multimicronutrientes en polvo sobre la anemia infantil en tres regiones andinas del Perú

The aim of this research was to determine the impact of the strategy of multi-micronutrient supplementation (MMN) on the childhood anemia in three Andean regions of Peru. A sentinel surveillance system was established in 29 health centers of Andahuaylas, Ayacucho and Huancavelica (Peru) to monitor a cohort of children of 6 to 35 months of age whom been received MMM for a period of 12 months. Data regarding hemoglobin levels were gathered at the beginning and at the end of the research; they included consumption of MMN, and other data from clinical records and from growth and development charts. Between the child who completed the supplementation, the prevalence of anemia decreased from 70.2% to 36.6% (p value <0.01). 55,0% and 69,1% of children with mild and moderate anemia at the beginning of the supplementation got cured. This research shows that supplementation with MMN could be a valuable strategy to fight anemia.
A role for cerebrovascular disease in determining the pattern of β‐amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease

Introduction: The pattern of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggests that Aβ is eliminated along perivascular interstitial fluid drainage pathways. The age at which accumulation of Aβ in the brain becomes significant in AD coincides with the development of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and increasing rigidity of artery walls through arteriosclerosis. Hypothesis: The distribution of Aβ deposits in Alzheimer brains is influenced by CVD. Materials and methods: Paraffin sections of frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes from six cases with Alzheimer's disease were stained for reticulin and by immunocytochemistry for Aβ and GFAP. Results: Three distinct patterns of Aβ deposition were seen in relation to cortical blood vessels: (i) early deposition of Aβ in cortical parenchyma was related to individual cortical arterial territories; (ii) severe capillary amyloid angiopathy and an absence of Aβ plaques were associated with thromboembolic occlusion of the feeding artery; (iii) Aβ plaques were abundant in areas devoid of capillary amyloid angiopathy. Conclusions: The pattern of Aβ deposition corresponds to individual intracortical arterial territories, and hence periarterial ISF drainage territories. Cerebrovascular disease influences the pattern of Aβ deposition within brain parenchyma and in vessel walls in individual arterial territories. Failure of periarterial drainage of Aβ from the brain may be related to cerebrovascular disease and is possibly due to altered arterial pulsations.
PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION OF MEDICAL SERVICES IN QAZVINEDUCATIONAL HOSPITALS

⊥ Abstract Background: Patient's satisfaction of medical care is a method for evaluation of quality of medical care in hospitals. Objective: To determine the level of patient's satisfaction of medical services and nursing care in educational medical centers related to Qazvin university. Methods: Through a cross - sectional research 186 patients who were admitted in different wards of Boalisina, Qods, Kosar, and Shahid Rajaee hospitals, were studied. Data were gathered by questionnaire designed to indicate the level of patient's satisfaction about medical services. Findings: Results indicated that 60% of patients had moderate satisfaction of outpatient services and 59% of patients had a high level of satisfaction of emergency services. Also 67.6%, 75.9%, 82.4%, and 78.1% had high level of satisfaction of nutrition, hotelling, physical nursing care, medical and paramedical services respectively. 62.6%, 62.5%, and 49.2% had a moderate satisfaction of administration and emotional nursing care, discharge and cost respectively. Conclusion: Patients' satisfaction of different wards of Qazvin hospitals were in acceptable range and higher than similar researches performed in other universities.
Effectiveness of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) for management of root-knot nematode in protected tomatoes in southern Europe

The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is a major threat for protected tomato crops, with Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne arenaria being the most frequent species in southern Europe. This problem is critical for EU tomato growers, as effective fumigants have lost their registration and effective technical solutions are not available, except through national derogations. This paper gives a review of the efficacy of the new fumigant dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) against Meloidogyne spp. in protected tomato in southern Europe. A total of seven trials were carried out during 2012-2014 in Italy (3), Spain (2) and Greece (2) against root-knot nematodes, under conditions of medium-high levels of nematode infestation. The fumigant Accolade/Paladin™ 94.1% EC (Arkema) was applied in drip chemigation, at 300 and 400 L ha-1 and compared with 1,3-dichloropropene (1.3D; 120-200 L ha-1 formulated product) and an untreated control. Before application, soil and chemigation lines were covered with virtually impermeable film (VIF). Twenty-one days after fumigation (14 days covered with VIF and 7 days left uncovered for soil aeration), tomato seedlings were transplanted. Evaluations of nematode infestations of the roots and of crop yield were made. The gall severity index (GSI) according to a 0-10 scale showed medium-high root damage at harvest, with an average index of 5.3 observed in the untreated control. DMDS gave effective control of Meloidogyne spp. at both rates of application: GSI of 1.0 with 400 L ha-1 and 1.3 with 300 L ha-1. The standard treatment 1.3D (several tradenames) gave an average GSI of 1.4. DMDS greatly increased tomato yield when compared with the untreated control: by 62.7% for DMDS 400 L ha-1 and 55.1% for DMDS 300 L ha-1, whereas the average yield increase of the standard 1,3D was 61.5%. These results confirm the excellent efficacy of DMDS against root-knot nematodes in protected tomatoes.
Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization: Positive Correlation with Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergies.

AIM Molar-incisor hypomineralization is a disturbance in dental development that involves first permanent molars as well as permanent incisors with a prevalence that ranges from 2.5% to 40%. The objective of this study was to investigate the etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization among school children from two randomly selected towns in the province of Barcelona, Spain. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted with 705 children ranging in age from six years-old to 14 years and 11 months-old. Full mouth examinations were carried out in accordance with the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria for the diagnosis of molar-incisor hypomineralization, from April to July 2016. RESULTS A total of 56 cases of molar-incisor hypomineralization were found in 22 (39.3%) boys and 34 (60.7%) girls. MIH was significantly more prevalent among those who had atopic dermatitis (OR=90.9; 33.4-247.1 CI 95%), food allergies (OR=104.2; 12.2-887.5 CI 95%), bronchitis/asthma (OR=5.3; 2.7-10.1 CI 95%), varicella (OR=96.3; 41.9-221.1 CI 95%), otitis media (OR=12.2; 6.3-23.5 CI 95%), pneumonia (OR=276.7; 35.1-2183.7 CI 95%), and febrile syndrome (OR=7.8; 4.1-14.8 CI 95%). CONCLUSIONS The present research reveals for the first time a statistically significant relationship between atopic dermatitis and food allergies with the presence of molar-incisor hypomineralization.
Do We Really Know the Prevalence of MIH?

AIM To analyze the existing variability on molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence in the literature; to distinguish the various molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence rates in different countries, areas, and regions of the world; and to know the valid diagnostic criteria used for the correct identification of molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence. STUDY DESIGN A literature review from Medline and Cochrane Library online databases was performed using five terms individually or in combination. Articles not reporting diagnostic criteria employed and articles not written English were excluded. The results were analyzed by country, region, year of study, sample size, range of age, and prevalence rate. RESULTS A total of 37 articles in English were selected from 1987 to 2014 and from those only 14 employed the EAPD's 2003 diagnostic criteria. The reported age range varied from 5.5 to 17 years; the most frequently range used was 7 to 9 years. A wide prevalence range from 2.8% to 44% was found and 82.61% of the articles reported calibrated examiners. CONCLUSIONS Comparison among the results of the studies is difficult due to the use of different indexes and diagnostic criteria, the analysis variability, selection methods, and different age groups. In reality, we are probably far from knowing the real MIH prevalence.
Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: reliability and validity of the Southampton mindfulness questionnaire (SMQ).

OBJECTIVE To assess the reliability and validity of the Southampton mindfulness questionnaire (SMQ), a 16-item measure of mindful awareness of distressing thoughts and images. METHODS A total of 256 people participated, comprising a non-clinical community sample of 134 (83 meditators and 51 non-meditators) and a clinical sample of 122 people with a current distressing psychosis. To assess concurrent validity, non-clinical participants and half clinical participants (total 197 participants) completed the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS). Predicted links were assessed with affect, and 59 patients completed a validated measure to assess link between mindfulness and intensity of 'delusional' experience. RESULTS The scale has a single factor structure, was internally reliable, significantly correlated with the MAAS, showed expected associations with affect, and distinguished among meditators, non-meditators and people with psychosis. CONCLUSIONS The data support use of the SMQ in clinical practice and research to assess mindful responding to distressing thoughts and images.