Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Work family conflict in its relations to perceived working situation and work engagement.

BACKGROUND These days physicians' work is characterized by an increase in economic demands, pressure and challenges in establishing a balance between work and family life. The current study investigates the relationship between physicians' job demands and resources, perceived job stress, work-family conflict, work engagement and job satisfaction. METHODS 564 clinicians specialising in different medical fields participated in the cross-sectional study. Self-administered questionnaires, including the COPSOQ and the UWES- Scale were administered. RESULTS Our results illustrated significant relationships between physicians' work engagement and their job satisfaction as well as between job stress and work family conflict. Moreover, perceived job stress moderated the effect of high job demands on work family conflict. In addition, significant gender differences have been found in perceived stress levels, work family conflict and work engagement. CONCLUSION This study proves and verified associations between work engagement, work-family conflict, job demands and resources that may influence employees' satisfaction. Implications for both working physicians and hospital management are given.
Homelessness, gender-based violence and social capital: The function of sexual alliances

Conventional depictions of homelessness fail to reflect the multitude of homeless experiences that are possible. It is imperative to challenge these understandings so that a variety of experiences are recognised and subsequently reflected in social policy and resource distribution. The application of a gendered lens is one possible way to challenge existing and limited representations of homelessness. Homelessness is not a gender neutral phenomenon.
Comparative Docking Study of Anibamine as the First Natural Product CCR5 Antagonist in CCR5 Homology Models

Anibamine, a novel pyridine quaternary alkaloid recently isolated from Aniba sp. , has been found to effectively bind to the chemokine receptor CCR5 with an IC(50) at 1 microM in competition with (125)I-gp120, an HIV viral envelope protein binding to CCR5 with high affinity. Since CCR5, a G-protein-coupled receptor, is an essential coreceptor for the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) entry to host cells, a CCR5 antagonist that inhibits the cellular entry of HIV-1 provides a new therapy choice for the treatment of HIV. Anibamine provides a novel structural skeleton that is remarkably different from all lead compounds previously identified as CCR5 antagonists. Here, we report comparative docking studies of anibamine with several other known CCR5 antagonists in two CCR5 homology models built based on the crystal structures of bovine rhodopsin and human beta(2)-adrenergic receptor. The binding pocket of anibamine has some common features shared with other high affinity CCR5 antagonists, suggesting that they may bind in similar binding sites and/or modes. At the same time, several unique binding features of anibamine were identified, and it will likely prove beneficial in future molecular design of novel CCR5 antagonists based on the anibamine scaffold.
Assessing non‐inferiority of a new treatment in a three‐arm clinical trial including a placebo

In non‐inferiority trials, where non‐inferiority of a new experimental drug compared to an active control has to be shown, it may be advisable to use an additional placebo group for internal validation if ethically justifiable. The focus of this paper is on such designs. Assuming normality and homogeneity of variances we will derive a statistical test procedure which turns out to be equivalent to the assessment based on Fieller's confidence interval. Based on the power function of this test, sample size calculations are carried out to achieve a given power. Additionally, the optimal allocation of the total sample size is derived. As an alternative to this parametric procedure, the bootstrap percentile interval is discussed and finally compared with Fieller's confidence interval in a study on mildly asthmatic patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes in Meshkin-Shahr by ISSR Marker

Genetic resources are the most valuable national treasure of countries, being vital to identify, conserve and use them. The Persian Walnut (Juglans regiaL.), a diploid species native to the mountainous regions of Central Asia, is the major walnut species cultivated for nut production and one of the most widespread tree nut species in the world. This research was conducted in Meshkinshahr in Ardabil Province. In this study, to determine the level of genetic diversity, a total of 31 walnut genotypes were analyzed using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats(ISSR) markers. Genotypes were evaluated using 10 ISSR markers and a total of 26 polymorphic alleles were identified.The average of the observed alleles was equal to 7 in each locus. The lowest and highest RP valueswere found ISSR5and ISSR9, respectivly.Cluster analysis based on Jacard similarity coefficient matrix using WARD method classified the genotypes into three main groups.The highest genetic distance was found between genotypes AK4 and RM2, and the lowest was among genotypes MZ4 and ES1.Both clustering and PCA divide genotypes with similar geographic origins.
A Computational Modelling Approach to Explore the Anti-microbial Pro-drug Delivery System

This article documents simulations using an agent-based modelling approach to analyse the system dynamics of theβ-lactamase-dependent therapeutic activation pro-drug delivery system, a novel approach for achieving selective release of anti-microbial drugs for treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It is thought that this strategy could be a promising approach for treating β-lactamase over-expressing strains of bacteria that are resistant to traditionalβ-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin. Test simulations were carried out to investigate the prodrug system from a theoretical standpoint and assess the effects of key parameters such as half-life, diffusion rate and reaction kinetics on the system behaviour. It is important to obtain a thorough understanding of the complex interplay between the various components involved in the pro-drug delivery system to be able to interpret results from laboratory testing, and ultimately, from the clinical setting. The agent-based model described here represents an important stepping stone in connecting the theoretical and practical understanding of the system as a whole.
Role of Nucleotide Sugar Pools in the Inhibition of NCAM Polysialylation by Ammonia

Ammonia in animal cell cultures has been shown to specifically inhibit terminal sialylation of N‐ and O‐linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. For example, we have previously shown that as little as 2.5 mM NH4Cl can decrease neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) polysialylation in both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Besides its potential involvement in SCLC metastasis, polysialic acid (PolySia) is a sensitive marker for measuring changes in sialylation. The role of UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc) in ammonia's inhibition of NCAM polysialylation was examined by adding glucosamine (GlcN) and uridine (Urd) to the cultures. This bypassed feedback inhibition of GlcN‐6‐P synthase and increased UDP‐GlcNAc content by 25‐fold in SCLC cells. After 3 days, PolySia levels were reduced to 10% of control with little effect on NCAM protein content. The extensive decrease in PolySia was confirmed in CHO cells. The effects of GlcN or Urd alone were less extensive, lending support to a specific role for UDP‐GlcNAc in inhibition by ammonia. By comparison, 20 mM NH4Cl decreased PolySia content by 45% and increased UDP‐GlcNAc in SCLC cells by 2‐fold. The discrepancy between the {GlcN+Urd} and NH4Cl effects on UDP‐GlcNAc and PolySia suggests that accumulation of UDP‐GlcNAc is only partially responsible for decreased polysialylation in response to NH4Cl. In an attempt to increase NCAM polysialylation, N‐acetylmannosamine and cytidine were added to cultures in order to circumvent the feedback inhibition of CMP‐sialic acid synthesis. However, this only slightly increased PolySia levels and failed to counter ammonia's inhibition of NCAM polysialylation.
A Literature-Based Assessment of Concept Pairs as a Measure of Semantic Relatedness

The semantic relatedness between two concepts, according to human perception, is domain-rooted and reflects prior knowledge. We developed a new method for semantic relatedness assessment that reflects human judgment, utilizing semantic predications extracted from PubMed citations by SemRep. We compared the new method to other approaches utilizing path-based, statistical, and context vector methods, using a gold standard for evaluation. The new method outperformed all others, except one variation of the context vector technique. These findings have implications in several natural language processing applications, such as serendipitous knowledge discovery.
Boyfriends and injecting: the role of intimate male partners in the life of women who inject drugs in Central Java

The international literature shows that HIV-risk behaviour for women mostly occurs in the context of intimate relationships. Power imbalances in the social, economic and cultural spheres put women at risk. This paper addresses the roles of male partners in women's engagement in drug-use behaviour and drug-related HIV-risk behaviour in Indonesia. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 19 women who had injected drugs in the previous month in three sites in central Java. Most of the women had male partners who also injected drugs. Results show that male partners play a significant role in the initiation of drug use, the provision of drugs, injecting behaviour and in the constitution of women injectors' social networks. These findings suggest the need to develop couple-based interventions and to facilitate women-only groups as part of HIV prevention.
Who should run the housing voucher program? A reform proposal

Abstract Section 8, the federal government's primary program for addressing the housing needs of low‐income renters, is administered by thousands of local public housing agencies, most of which serve individual cities, towns, and counties. This article contends that the current balkanized system undermines the potential of the program to promote mixed‐income communities and the deconcentration of poverty and that the voucher program should be administered regionally rather than locally in urban areas. One strategy for achieving metropolitan administration would be to contract out responsibility for operating the voucher program to competitively selected regional organizations. In addition to describing how such a program could work, we suggest a series of incremental reforms for moving the Section 8 program in the direction of metropolitan administration. Moreover, other reforms—including an expansion of affordable rental housing in suburban communities—are also needed for housing vouchers to achieve their full potential.
Randomized Trial of Clinical Safety of Daily Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Among HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States

Objectives:To evaluate the clinical safety of daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) among HIV-negative men who have sex with men. Design:Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to immediate or delayed study drug (TDF, 300 mg orally per day, or placebo). Methods:Four hundred healthy HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men reporting anal sex with another man within the previous 12 months enrolled in Atlanta, Boston, and San Francisco. HIV serostatus, clinical and laboratory adverse events (AEs), adherence (pill count, Medication Event Monitoring System, and self-report), and sexual and other sociobehavioral data were assessed at 3-month intervals for 24 months. Primary outcomes were clinical safety, assessed by incidence of AEs and laboratory abnormalities. Results:Study drug was initiated by 373 (93%) participants (186 TDF and 187 placebo), of whom 325 (87%) completed the final study visit. Of 2428 AEs reported among 334 (90%) participants, 2366 (97%) were mild or moderate in severity. Frequencies of commonly reported AEs did not differ significantly between TDF and placebo arms. In multivariable analyses, back pain was more likely among TDF recipients (P = 0.04); these reports were not associated with documented fractures or other objective findings. There were no grade ≥3 creatinine elevations; grades 1 and 2 creatinine increases were not associated with TDF receipt. Estimated percentage of study drug doses taken was 92% by pill count and 77% by Medication Event Monitoring System. Seven seroconversions occurred: 4 on placebo and 3 among delayed arm participants not yet on study drug. Conclusions:Daily oral TDF was well tolerated, with reasonable adherence. No significant renal concerns were identified.
Visualization of in Vivo Direct Interaction between HIV-1 TAT and Human Cyclin T1 in Specific Subcellular Compartments by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer*

Human cyclin T1, a component of the P-TEFb kinase complex, was originally identified through its biochemical interaction with the Tat transactivator protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Current understanding suggests that binding of Tat to P-TEFb is required to promote efficient transcriptional elongation of viral RNAs. However, the dynamics and the subnuclear localization of this process are still largely unexplored in vivo. Here we exploit high resolution fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to visualize and quantitatively analyze the direct interaction between Tat and cyclin T1 inside the cells. We observed that cyclin T1 resides in specific subnuclear foci which are in close contact with nuclear speckles and that Tat determines its redistribution outside of these compartments. Consistent with this observation, strong FRET was observed between the two proteins both in the cytoplasm and in regions of the nucleus outside of cyclin T1 foci and overlapping with Tat localization. These results are consistent with a model by which Tat recruits cyclin T1 outside of the nuclear compartments where the protein resides to promote transcriptional activation.
Rare Case of Reversible Acute Symmetrical Lesions of the Bilateral Basal Ganglia Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy and Chronic Renal Failure

Reversible acute symmetrical basal ganglial lesion on magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography in cases of diabetic nephropathy and chronic renal failure exhibiting acute onset of movement abnormalities like chorea is a very rare entity. It has characteristic clinical and imaging features. Only 29 cases are described in the literature, including the current one. These cases are predominantly Asian patients from the Far East and only one Asian Indian patient has been described. We report the second Asian Indian case of this condition and describe its various clinical and imaging features. Our aim is to educate the clinicians and radiologists about this condition, so that more such cases can be detected.
Effects of Blood Pressure Lowering in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Carotid Artery Stenosis

Background The Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial (SCAST) showed no beneficial clinical effects of blood pressure lowering with the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan in the acute phase of stroke. In the present analysis we wanted to see if the effects of blood pressure lowering are harmful in the subgroup of patients with carotid artery stenosis. Methods SCAST was a randomized- and placebo-controlled, double-masked trial of 2029 patients with acute stroke and high systolic blood pressure (≥140 mmHg). Of 1733 patients with ischemic stroke 993 underwent carotid artery imaging, and the degree of stenosis was categorized as no/insignificant (0–49%, n = 806), moderate (50–69%, n = 97) or severe (=70%, n = 90). The trial's two co-primary effect variables were the composite end-point of vascular death, stroke or myocardial infarction, and functional outcome at six-months, according to the modified Rankin Scale. Results Among patients with moderate or severe carotid artery stenosis the vascular end-point occurred in 9 of 87 patients (10·3%) treated with candesartan and in 17 of 100 controls (17·0%), and there was no evidence of a different risk in patients with severe stenosis (adjusted hazard ratio 0·74, 95% confidence interval 0·28–1·96, P = 0·54). For functional outcome there was also no clear difference, although in patients with severe stenosis the risk of a poor outcome was somewhat higher than in any of the other groups (adjusted odds ratio 2·24, 95% confidence interval 0·71–7·09, P = 0·16). Progressive stroke also occurred more often in patients with carotid artery stenosis treated with candesartan (10 of 87 patients (11·5%) vs. 4 of 100 patients (4·0%)), with a trend towards an increased risk with increasing severity of stenosis (P-value for linear trend = 0·04). Conclusions There is no clear evidence that the effect of candesartan is qualitatively different in patients with carotid artery stenosis, but there are signals that patients with severe stenosis are at particularly high risk of stroke progression and poor functional outcome.
Development and validation of IMPACT-S, an ICF-based questionnaire to measure activities and participation.

OBJECTIVE IMPACT-S is the screener part of the ICF Measure of Participation and ACTivities questionnaire. IMPACT-S consists of 33 items in 9 scales, reflecting the 9 activity and participation chapters of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The reliability and validity of IMPACT-S as an independent brief measure of activities and participation was examined. DESIGN Repeated administration of a postal questionnaire. PATIENTS Road accident victims were recruited through several Dutch hospitals and rehabilitation centres. A total of 276 patients participated and 197 took part in both measurements. METHODS Examination of test-retest reliability, reproducibility and construct validity. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II) was included as criterion measure for concurrent validity. RESULTS Types of main injury were fractures (38%), trauma? tic brain injury (37%), spinal cord injury (13%), whiplash (9%) and other (3%). Mean time after injury was 2.2 years. Internal consistency of IMPACT-S was satisfying for all 9 domains (0.75-0.89) and excellent for the total score (0.96). Test-retest reliability was good at item level (0.44-0.72), domain level (0.72-0.92) and total score (0.94). Strong correlations (0.61-0.88) between IMPACT-S and corresponding WHODAS-II scores were found. CONCLUSION IMPACT-S is a reliable and valid generic measure of activity limitations and participation restrictions that fits the ICF.
Türkiye Ekonomisinde Dışa Açılma ve Gelir Eşitsizlikleri İlişkisi

Every change, especially aims at changes in economic structure, in economy policies is a process which the income is redistributed. The effect level of this process on society segments is absolutely different. In stead of internal economic policies, going towards to international economic integration not only changes income distribution but also provides static and dynamic advantages to national economy. It is expected that this process, which is defined as liberalization of trade, either internationally (as stated in Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Hypothesis) or nationally (as stated in Stolper-Samuelson Theory) supports the tendency of equalization on factor prices. According to Stolper-Samuelson Theory, liberal economy policies affect income distribution by increasing, decreasing incomes of production factors that is in deficit within country. However, especially in the studies on developing countries, opposite results of theory are found. When the effects of liberal economic policies that followed since 1980 in Turkey are analyzed on income distribution, it is founded out that the liberalization process decreased either skilled or unskilled wages. This result argues the validity of Stolper-Samuelson Theory for Turkey.
Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor P2Y12-Mediated Migration of Host Smooth Muscle-Like Cells and Leukocytes in the Development of Transplant Arteriosclerosis

Background. We have recently reported that platelet P2Y12 receptors may play a role in the development of transplant arteriosclerosis (TA). In the present study, we investigated the role of P2Y12 receptors on host-derived smooth muscle-like cells (SMLCs, including bone-marrow-derived SMLCs) and CD45+ leukocytes, both of which are believed to be associated with the development of TA, using P2Y12-deficient (KO) mice. Methods. Orthotopic carotid artery transplantation was performed from C3H/He (H-2k) donors into KO or wild-type (WT) recipient mice (129S:C57BL/6, H-2b). Grafts were harvested at 8 weeks after transplantation for histology. Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were analyzed with a kit. Cell migration was examined using a Boyden chamber system. The expression of MCP-1 messenger RNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Eight weeks after allotransplantation, KO recipient mice showed a significant reduction of luminal occlusion, host-derived SMLCs, CD45+ leukocytes, MCP-1+ cells in the grafts, and of plasma MCP-1 levels. In addition, the migration of host-derived SMLCs (including bone-marrow-derived SMLCs) and CD45+ leukocytes stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or 2-methylthio-ADP (2MeSADP, a stable ADP analog) was significantly decreased in KO mice. There were no significant changes in MCP-1-induced cell migration between WT and KO mice. The low concentration of 2MeSADP plus MCP-1 significantly increased cell migration in WT but not KO mice. Furthermore, 2MeSADP-induced MCP-1 messenger RNA expression was significantly reduced in the cells of KO mice. Conclusions. Thus, the P2Y12-mediated migration of host-derived SMLCs and CD45+ leukocytes may play an important role in the development of TA, partly by MCP-1 pathways.
MED23: a new Mediator of H2B monoubiquitylation

The Mediator multiprotein complex physically links transcription factors to RNA polymerase II and the basal transcription machinery. While the Mediator complex has been shown to be required for transcriptional initiation and elongation, the understanding of its interplay with histone modifying enzymes and post‐translational modifications remains elusive. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Yao et al (2015) report that the MED23 subunit of the Mediator complex physically associates with the heterodimeric RNF20/40 E3‐ligase complex to facilitate the monoubiquitylation of histone H2B on gene bodies of actively transcribed genes.