Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Um estudo computacional de equações pseudo-parabólicas para mecânica dos fluidos e fenômenos de transporte em meios porosos

O foco desta dissertacao de mestrado consiste em um estudo computacional de equacoes pseudo-parabolicas em mecânica dos fluidos e fenomenos de transporte de fluidos em meios porosos. Serao considerados problemas de valor de contorno e inicial associados a duas classes de modelos de equacoes de evolucao pseudo-parabolicas: um modelo de adveccao-difusao com termo pseudo-parabolico que exibe um certo carater dispersivo e um outro modelo pseudo-parabolico "puro", i.e., sem a presenca do termo de adveccao. O primeiro modelo se relaciona com a modelagem fisica do fluxo de duas fases incompressiveis em dinâmica de fluidos em meios porosos, onde sao considerados modelos de pressao capilar dinâmica, ou seja, em que os efeitos dinâmicos sao tambem incluidos na diferenca de pressao entre as fases fluidas. Uma discussao sobre a relevância fisica em aplicacoes e da importância matematica do sistema governante de equacoes para pressao capilar dinâmica em fenomenos de transporte de fluidos em meios porosos e tambem feita de modo a indicar algum suporte a escolha dos metodos estudados para aproximacao numerica dos modelos consideradores. Alem disso, um conjunto de experimentos numericos e apresentado e discutido para avaliar a qualidade das solucoes obtidas do estudo proposto, bem como para justificar variacoes dos metodos numericos estudados. Especificamente, para o modelo pseudo-parabolico puro, os resultados sao comparados com solucoes analiticas para o caso linear. Para o modelo pseudo-parabolico com o termo de adveccao, e avaliado se os resultados dos metodos numericos empregados concordam qualitativamente com resultados da literatura. Abstract
Cellular Identification of a Novel Uncultured Marine Stramenopile (MAST-12 Clade) Small-Subunit rRNA Gene Sequence from a Norwegian Estuary by Use of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization-Scanning Electron Microscopy

ABSTRACT Revealing the cellular identity of organisms behind environmental eukaryote rRNA gene sequences is a major objective in microbial diversity research. We sampled an estuarine oxygen-depleted microbial mat in southwestern Norway and retrieved an 18S rRNA gene signature that branches in the MAST-12 clade, an environmental marine stramenopile clade. Detailed phylogenetic analyses revealed that MAST-12 branches among the heterotrophic stramenopiles as a sister of the free-living Bicosoecida and the parasitic genus Blastocystis. Specific sequence signatures confirmed a relationship to these two groups while excluding direct assignment. We designed a specific oligonucleotide probe for the target sequence and detected the corresponding organism in incubation samples using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Using the combined FISH-scanning electron microscopy approach (T. Stoeck, W. H. Fowle, and S. S. Epstein, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:6856-6863, 2003), we determined the morphotype of the target organism among the very diverse possible morphologies of the heterotrophic stramenopiles. The unpigmented cell is spherical and about 5 μm in diameter and possesses a short flagellum and a long flagellum, both emanating anteriorly. The long flagellum bears mastigonemes in a characteristic arrangement, and its length (30 μm) distinguishes the target organism from other recognized heterotrophic stramenopiles. The short flagellum is naked and often directed posteriorly. The organism possesses neither a lorica nor a stalk. The morphological characteristics that we discovered should help isolate a representative of a novel stramenopile group, possibly at a high taxonomic level, in order to study its ultrastructure, physiological capabilities, and ecological role in the environment.
Controversies in the treatment of the acutely wheezing infant.

Frequently, the first wheezing episodes in young children are associated with viral infections. Preschool children with wheezing experience disproportionately high morbidity and health care utilization, including a 50% greater rate of ambulatory visits, nearly double the rate of emergency department (ED) visits, and nearly triple the rate of hospitalization relative to school-age children (1). Furthermore, particular viruses have been proposed to lead to the establishment of the asthmatic phenotype (2, 3). Children who experience severe viral respiratory infections in early life have a higher chance of developing asthma later in childhood (2, 4, 5). It has also been postulated that the immune system of susceptible infants may have delayed maturation leading to allergic sensitization and may not be able to mount an adequate antiviral defense, increasing the likelihood of virus spreading to the lower airways resulting in a severe low respiratory tract infection (6). Furthermore, the presence of both early-onset allergic sensitization and wheezing respiratory illnesses confer the highest risk of developing persistent asthma (7), suggesting that both of these processes may injure the airway, leading to inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and recurrent wheezing. The management of these wheezing episodes remains a distinct clinical challenge in 2011. While research over the last two decades has shed substantial light on this problem, clinicians remain uncertain as to the optimal management strategies in this heterogeneous population.
POLYBIUS ON ‘SEEING’ AND ‘HEARING’: 12.271

e tér} ceirì th̀n ai dw̃ lelhqótwv e pikrúptein. It is possible that Ovid too was thinking of such a statue when he wrote: ‘ipsa Venus pubem, quotiens velamina ponit/protegitur laeva semireducta manu’ (AA 2.613–14). The play of allusions is stunning: the girl, analogized to a statue, hides her Eu rẃtav, even as the description of her supple buttocks summons up descriptions of a statue of that very river. What she hides, however, is a part that is dank in another and, for the poet, less appealing way—and this too lies hidden in the river’s name.
nanos expression at the embryonic posterior pole and the medusa phase in the hydrozoan Podocoryne carnea

Summary The distinction between soma and germline is an important process in the development of animals with sexual reproduction. It is regulated by a number of germline‐specific genes, most of which appear conserved in evolution and therefore can be used to study the formation of the germline in diverged animal groups. Here we report the isolation of two orthologs of one such gene, nanos (nos), in the cnidarian Podocoryne carnea, a species with representative zoological features among the hydrozoans. By studying nos gene expression throughout the Podocoryne biphasic life cycle, we find that the germline differentiates exclusively during medusa development, whereas the polyp does not contribute to the process. An early widespread nos expression in developing medusae progressively refines into a mainly germline‐specific pattern at terminal stages of medusa formation. Thus, the distinction between germline and soma is a late event in hydrozoan development. Also, we show that the formation of the medusa is a de novo process that relies on active local cell proliferation and differentiation of novel cell and tissue types not present in the polyp, including nos‐expressing cells. Finally, we find nos expression at the posterior pole of Podocoryne developing embryos, not related to germline formation. This second aspect of nos expression is also found in Drosophila, where nos functions as a posterior determinant essential for the formation of the fly abdomen. This raises the possibility that nos embryonic expression could play a role in establishing axial polarity in cnidarians.
Damage of facial soft tissues as a result of being bitten by a dog.

UNLABELLED Being bitten by a dog can have serious health effects. That is why, never underestimate even the smallest soft tissue injuries inflicted by aggressive animals. This incident may have an impact on the further condition of a patient. From our first aid will also depend the aesthetic and functional effect of the scar on the face. We should pay attention to the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. The aim of the study was to perform the analysis of the soft tissue bitten injuries made by dogs in patients treated in the years 2004‑2009 in the Clinic of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oncological Surgery in Łódź. The most frequent attacked areas were analyzed in the cases of single and multiple face wounds. The dependence of the dog attacks and the alcohol consumption by the victims. The use of an early antibiotic prophylaxis and the number of the infectious complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material studied is a group of 26 patients, including 17 women and 9 men. In the majority patients were older than 20 years old. RESULTS The analysis of our data shows that most of the victims were aged 19-30 and 51-60 years. 14 patients have been mutilated on one area of the face, the remaining patients at least two areas. Most injuries underwent upper or lower lip. In all cases, the initial supply has been applied to the wounds. Antibiotic prophylaxis was used in 23 patients. In one of the other three cases, patient who have not been applied to the prevention of complications in the form of phlegmon face. Half of the attack dogs have been known to the victims. All patients had implemented prevention of tetanus, or held-to-date vaccinations. In eight cases, patients reported that at the time of the event they were under the influence of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Primary supply of bitten wounds of face at the moment seems to be the standard. In our study, in cases where patients has been treated with an antibiotic, there was no case of infection in the wound. Late complication in the form of phlegmon occurred in one patient who had not used prophylaxis. As the most of the authors note lower lip is the most vulnerable for the bite in the case of adult people. Analysis of our data is consistent with these reports. It has also been found that people under the influence of alcohol are often attacked by unknown dogs.
Asynchronous P systems for hard graph problems

In the present paper, we consider fully asynchronous parallelism in membrane computing and propose asynchronous P systems for the following four graph problems: minimum coloring, maximum independent set, minimum vertex cover, and maximum clique. We first propose an asynchronous P system that solves the minimum graph coloring for a graph with n nodes and show that the proposed P system works in O ( n n +2 ) sequential steps or O ( n 2 ) parallel steps by using O ( n 2 ) kinds of objects. Second, we propose an asynchronous P system that solves the maximum independent set for a graph with n nodes and show that the proposed P system works in O ( n 2 Â· 2 n ) sequential steps or O ( n 2 ) parallel steps by using O ( n 2 ) kinds of objects. We next propose two asynchronous P systems that solve the minimum vertex cover and the maximum clique for the same input graph by reduction to the maximum independent set and show that the proposed P system works in O ( n 2 Â· 2 n ) sequential steps or O ( n 2 ) parallel steps by using O ( n 2 ) kinds of objects. Â
Adaptive Weberfaces for occlusion-robust face representation and recognition

In order to deal with facial occlusion effectively, the authors propose a powerful but simple face representation method, called adaptive Weberfaces (AdapWeber), based on human visual perception change model and the Weber ratio R implied in Weber's law. Specifically, human perception is naturally highly selective and robust to occlusions, and the Weber ratio R is very important to enhance feature redundancy. As feature redundancy and locality are two guiding principles against facial occlusion, they further develop eight variants of AdapWeber, collectively referred to as single-scale and single-orientation (SSSO) AdapWeber, by shrinking the kernel locality and varying the kernel orientation of the original AdapWeber, and integrate them to formulate a multi-scale and multi-orientation (MSMO) AdapWeber. A natural by-product of MSMO AdapWeber is MSMO Weberfaces. Experiments on four benchmark databases, including Extended Yale B, AR, UMB-DB, and LFW, showed that MSMO AdapWeber/Weberfaces, rather than any variant of SSSO AdapWeber/Weberfaces, outperformed several popular feature extraction approaches in many scenarios, especially when the occlusion level is very high or the image dimension is very low. This result demonstrates that several occlusion-weak features can be combined together to construct an occlusion-robust feature.
Asymptomatic “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” Infections in Immunocompetent Humans

ABSTRACT In Europe, human infections with “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” have mainly been restricted to immunocompromised patients. We report here the first cases of asymptomatic “Ca. Neoehrlichia mikurensis” infection in immunocompetent humans (5/316 [1.6%] were infected). Due to the potential threats of infections with “Ca. Neoehrlichia mikurensis” in healthy persons to the safety of the blood supply, further study of this phenomenon is required.
Differentiation of the Secondary B‐Lymphocyte Repertoire: The Germinal Center Reaction

DifTerentiation of B lymphocytes can be divided into a pre-antigenic and a postantigenic phase, though the process of receptor editing following negative selection blurs the distinction somewhat (reviewed in Nossal 1993). Antigen-induced B-cell activation and differentiation can be further subdivided into events leading to antibody formation or to the production of a phenotypically and functionally separate populations of memory B cells, consisting mainly of cells with immunoglobulin receptors of isotypes other than IgM and IgD, and cells bearing somatic mutations in their immunoglobulin variable region (V) genes which confer on their antibody product a higher affinity for the immunogen in question. Many of the key events which result in memory B-cell formation occur in germinal centers (MacLennan et al. 1990, Jacob et al. 1991a, Nossal 1992) which thus play a critical role in the genesis of the secondary, antigenically experienced B-lymphocyte repertoire. Our laboratory has had an interest in germinal centers for 30 years, active for the first and last 5 years of this period and passive for the intervening 20! The purpose of this brief essay is to draw together the lessons learnt over this period and to speculate on the key features of this unique lymphoid microenvironment.
Perichondritis of the ear

A total of five ears with perichondritis secondary to burns was treated using a method of excising cartilage. This treatment resulted in the need for general anesthesia, frequent repeat debridement and frequent loss of structure of the ear with subsequent deformity. The presentation, etiology, pathology and present modes of therapy are presented. Our experience stresses the importance of early recognition and treatment and further consideration for the use of drains with continuous antibiotic and proteolytic enzyme administration.
The Phonological Development of Mandarin Voiceless Affricates in Three- to Five-Year-Old Children

This study investigates the phonological development of Mandarin voiceless affricates produced by Mandarin-speaking children. Thirty-six monolingual Mandarin-speaking children and twelve adults participated in a speech production task. Auditory-based transcription analysis and acoustic analysis were utilized to quantify the relative order of affricate acquisition. Both methods yielded earlier acquisition of alveopalatal affricates at age three than retroflex and alveolar affricates, whereas they differed in the acquisition order of retroflex and alveolar affricates. The former revealed that both retroflex and alveolar affricates were acquired at age five, regardless of aspiration, while the latter yielded earlier acquisition of retroflex than alveolar affricates. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are discussed in relation to the different nature of the two methods. Overall, the observed acquisition order of Mandarin voiceless affricates suggests that child speech development is a complex process, and is influenced by various factors including oromotor maturation and language-specific phoneme frequencies in the ambient language.
Effect of Zidovudine on the Primary Cytolytic T-Lymphocyte Response and T-Cell Effector Function

ABSTRACT Azidothymidine (AZT) and other nucleoside analogues, used to treat AIDS, can cause severe clinical side effects and are suspected of suppressing immune cell proliferation and effector immune cell function. The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively measure the effects of AZT on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) priming and to determine if the major histocompatibility complex-restricted CTL killing was affected by AZT exposure. For this purpose, we employed a murine alloantigen model and limiting-dilution analysis (LDA) to estimate cytotoxic effector cell frequencies of alloreactive splenocytes treated with drug during antigen sensitization. This noninfectious model was chosen to avoid analysis of a virus-compromised immune system. Exposure of splenocytes to therapeutic concentrations of AZT (2 to 10 μM) caused a two- to threefold dose-dependent reduction in CLT precursor frequency. This reduction was caused by decreased proliferation of alloantigen-specific CTLs rather than loss of function, because full cytolytic function could be restored by adjusting the AZT-treated effector/target cell ratios to that of untreated cells. In addition, when AZT was added to the assay system at various times during antigen sensitization there was a time-related loss of the suppressive effect on the generation of cytolytic effector function, suggesting that functional CTLs are not affected by even high doses of AZT. Taken together, the data indicate that the reduction of CTL function associated with AZT treatment is due to a quantitative decrease of effector cell precursor frequency rather than to direct drug cytotoxicity or interference with mediation of cytolysis. Furthermore, antigen-naive immune cells were most sensitive to this effect during the first few days following antigen encounter.
Long-term maintenance of human naïve T cells through in situ homeostasis in lymphoid tissue sites

Human naïve T cells are maintained in lymph nodes for decades and clonally expand in situ after cessation of thymopoiesis. T cell life doesn’t end at 40 Naïve T cells develop in the thymus. Although thymic function declines with age, T cells are persistent throughout the human life span. Thome et al. examined human lymphoid tissues from donors ranging from 2 months to 73 years in age. They found that, although the number of double-positive thymocytes and recent thymic emigrants dropped in individuals >40 years of age, naïve T cells were functionally maintained in the lymph nodes. There was minimal overlap in clonotype between the lymph tissues, suggesting that lymph nodes may maintain a diverse set of T cell specificities. These data suggest that location really does matter—tissue compartmentalization and homeostasis are critical for maintaining naïve T cells throughout the human life span. Naïve T cells develop in the thymus and coordinate immune responses to new antigens; however, mechanisms for their long-term persistence over the human life span remain undefined. We investigated human naïve T cell development and maintenance in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues obtained from individual organ donors aged 2 months to 73 years. In the thymus, the frequency of double-positive thymocytes declined sharply in donors >40 years of age, coincident with reduced recent thymic emigrants in lymphoid tissues, whereas naïve T cells were functionally maintained predominantly in lymph nodes (LNs). Analysis of T cell receptor clonal distribution by CDR3 sequencing of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen and LNs reveals site-specific clonal expansions of naïve T cells from individuals >40 years of age, with minimal clonal overlap between lymphoid tissues. We also identified biased naïve T cell clonal distribution within specific LNs on the basis of VJ usage. Together, these results suggest prolonged maintenance of naïve T cells through in situ homeostasis and retention in lymphoid tissue.
ParathyroidHormone Assay inPrimaryHyperparathyroidism : Experiences witha RadioimmunoassayBased on CommerciallyAvailableReagents

A radioimmunoassay is described for parathyroid hormone in human serum, in which commercially available reagents are used almost exclusively. This assay can be done by any laboratory with experience in radloimmunoassay. Thirty-two of thirty-three patients with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism had detectable concentrations of parathyroid hormone in their serum, and concentrations of the hormone exceeded the normal range in 24 of them. Significant positive correlations were found between pre-operative serum calcium, pre-operative serum parathyroid hormone, and the weight of parathyroid tissue removed at operation. These three parameters were also significantly correlated with severity of the skeletal changes as assessed by semiquantitative histological methods.
Risk indicators for early childhood caries in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, patterns, and etiological factors for caries in children. METHODS A total of 981 children less than 6 years of age were examined using a dental mirror and explorer. A parent or a caregiver was asked to complete a questionnaire regarding information about the child, the household, and oral hygiene. The prevalence and patterns of dental caries including pit and fissure caries, facial/lingual caries, molar proximal caries, and facial/lingual molar proximal lesions, were analyzed. Each child was classified as caries free or as having one of these four caries patterns. RESULTS Weighted mean deft was 0.14 at age 2, 2.58 at age 3, 4.41 at age 4, 6.94 at age 5, and 7.31 at age 6. Weighted mean defs was 4.71, 8.44, 16.45 and 18.64 at ages 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. By age 2, 5.09% of children had caries. By age 6, 89.38% of children had caries. By age 3, 30.02% of children fitted the facial and lingual pattern of caries and by age 6, 52.90% of children fit the 'facial-lingual and molar-proximal' pattern, indicating extensive smooth surface decay. The total prevalence of early childhood caries was 56%. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios identified factors associated with the high caries experience of the young children and found caries was strongly associated with the lack of proper tooth brushing and high consumption of sweets. Higher caries scores were also associated with areas of low urbanization. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this survey indicated a high level of untreated caries among children in Taiwan.