Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'HIV is HIV to me': The meanings of treatment, viral load and reinfection for gay men living with HIV

This paper identifies some aspects of the risk management practices of HIV positive gay men in relation to HIV treatments and sexual practice. The paper uses qualitative methods to examine sexual practice and HIV transmission in relation to HIV blood test viral load information. Questions of reinfection with HIV are also examined. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 25 gay and other homosexually active men and analysed for relevant themes. Interviewees spoke of different approaches to risk assessment in relation to viral load and reinfection, drawing on their experiences and advice. This diversity is connected with various risk management 'styles' that reflected positions about HIV transmission risk, the characteristics of the partner and the sexual situation. Some implications for HIV prevention are identified, including the need to address the links between prevention and treatment. HIV prevention strategies will need to address development of education in relation to evolving knowledge about treatment technologies and connections with HIV transmission.
Var C: Long-term photometric and spectral variability of a luminous blue variable in M 33

So far the highly unstable phase of luminous blue variables (LBVs) has not been understood well. It is still uncertain why and which massive stars enter this phase. Investigating the variabilities by looking for a possible regular or even (semi-)periodic behaviour could give a hint at the underlying mechanism for these variations and might answer the question of where these variabilities originate. Finding out more about the LBV phase also means understanding massive stars better in general, which have (e.g. by enriching the ISM with heavy elements, providing ionising radiation and kinetic energy) a strong and significant influence on the ISM, hence also on their host galaxy. Photometric and spectroscopic data were taken for the LBV Var C in M33 to investigate its recent status. In addition, scanned historic plates, archival data, and data from the literature were gathered to trace Var C's behaviour in the past. Its long-term variability and periodicity was investigated. Our investigation of the variability indicates possible (semi-)periodic behaviour with a period of 42.3 years for Var C. That Var C's light curve covers a time span of more than 100 years means that more than two full periods of the cycle are visible. The critical historic maximum around 1905 is less strong but discernible even with the currently rare historic data. The semi-periodic and secular structure of the light curve is similar to the one of LMC R71. Both light curves hint at a new aspect in the evolution of LBVs.
Six months follow up of a single intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of the enzymatic vitreolysis with a single intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin 125μg across a group of patients with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (sVMA) during 6 months follow up.Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked, 6-month follow up study.Participants: A total of 28 patients (12 M / 16F) (19 receiving ocriplasmin; 9 receiving placebo), mean aged 71 years old,diagnosed with sVMA, VMT, FTMH e ERM by optical coherence tomography.Methods: A single intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin 125 μg or placebo. Primary endpoint was sVMA resolution or FTMHclosure. Secondary endpoint included the integrity of the external membrane and the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptorinterface using OCT. The evaluation was carried out at baseline and during 6 months after intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin orplacebo.Results: After a 6 months follow-up period, the rate of VMA resolution was 42.1% in the Ocriplasmin group vs the 22% in theplacebo group. FTMH closure rate was 50% in the Ocriplasmin group vs 0% in the placebo group. The best results were optainedwithin 28 days from the treatment. No case of uveitis, endophthalmitis, retinal tears, retinal detachment or bleeding during followupwere reported. One patient reported floaters and transitional photopsias.Conclusions: The study confirmed the efficacy and safety of Ocriplasmin injection for patients with VMT, including whenassociated with full-thickness macular holes during six months follow up. Long term studies are certainly needed to confirm theseresults.
Authors at the boundary: Interaction of local and general scientific literature

How a scientific literature is shaped both at the local and general level is an important question to answer. One practical way of achieving this task is to identify the roles played by authors (academicians) as actors creating and disseminating knowledge in the relevant literature. To this end, this study examines roles undertaken by authors in the field of learning organizations. Identifying role typologies first requires revealing the author citation network in the field. Citation network is a matrix that summarizes citations and citation numbers between authors. To construct this matrix, articles in the local and general literature in the field of learning organizations, published and indexed between January 01, 2015 and February 20, 2017, were collected from Google Scholar by using the Java-based Selenium Library. An author citation network with 19,525 actors was created from this list. A social network analysis was conducted to identify author roles, followed by a discussion of what these roles mean for the local literature. Despite defining four typologies, observing only one type of role typology indicates that the local literature is not well integrated with the general literature. This study recommends strategic assessments for increasing the contribution ability of local literature to general one. Using this approach, it would be possible to find answers to the questions of which roles to develop via which authors and relationships, and how to remove the obstacles to development of local literature.
Patterns of infective sero positivity among blood donors in a rural Medical College Regional Blood Transfusion centre: A retrospective study

Background: Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) is still burden that continue to be a threat to safe transfusion practices of blood & components and one of the major problem in delayed transfusion hazards. In the present study prevalence and patterns of co-infections among voluntary and replacement donors were analyzed . Methods: This is descriptive study. Blood collected over a 6-year period were studied for the type of donation (voluntary or replacement), number of seroreactive cases and the number, type and distribution of co-infections among different type of donors. Results: Out of 127995 units of collected blood, 106755 (83.40%) were voluntary and 21240(16.60%) replacement donors of them 1463 were seroreactive. Out of 1463 seroreactive cases (1.14%) 128(0.10%), 137(0.11%),1025(0.8%) & 173(0.13%) were HIV, HCV, HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) & VDRL (Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory) respectively. 30 (0.02%) cases of seropositive samples showed more than one seroreactive reactions which were collected 14(0.06%) from replacement donors and 16(0.01%) samples from voluntary donors. Only 2 samples (0.001 %) of repeat donors show seropositivity. Conclusion: Possibilities of transfusion transmitted infections were more with replacement blood donors in comparison to voluntary blood donors. Repeat donors were safer than first time donors. Though the incidence was less, chances of multiple infections were still problems to the recipients. Proper history taking, screening and encouragement of blood donation would definitely reduce the chances of transfusion transmitted infection. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 01 | Jan-Jun 2013 | Page 3-8 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/njms.v2i1. 7643
Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds

We present a full-sky 100 μm map that is a reprocessed composite of the COBE/DIRBE and IRAS/ISSA maps, with the zodiacal foreground and confirmed point sources removed. Before using the ISSA maps, we remove the remaining artifacts from the IRAS scan pattern. Using the DIRBE 100 and 240 μm data, we have constructed a map of the dust temperature so that the 100 μm map may be converted to a map proportional to dust column density. The dust temperature varies from 17 to 21 K, which is modest but does modify the estimate of the dust column by a factor of 5. The result of these manipulations is a map with DIRBE quality calibration and IRAS resolution. A wealth of filamentary detail is apparent on many different scales at all Galactic latitudes. In high-latitude regions, the dust map correlates well with maps of H I emission, but deviations are coherent in the sky and are especially conspicuous in regions of saturation of H I emission toward denser clouds and of formation of H2 in molecular clouds. In contrast, high-velocity H I clouds are deficient in dust emission, as expected. To generate the full-sky dust maps, we must first remove zodiacal light contamination, as well as a possible cosmic infrared background (CIB). This is done via a regression analysis of the 100 μm DIRBE map against the Leiden-Dwingeloo map of H I emission, with corrections for the zodiacal light via a suitable expansion of the DIRBE 25 μm flux. This procedure removes virtually all traces of the zodiacal foreground. For the 100 μm map no significant CIB is detected. At longer wavelengths, where the zodiacal contamination is weaker, we detect the CIB at surprisingly high flux levels of 32 ± 13 nW m-2 sr-1 at 140 μm and of 17 ± 4 nW m-2 sr-1 at 240 μm (95% confidence). This integrated flux ~2 times that extrapolated from optical galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field. The primary use of these maps is likely to be as a new estimator of Galactic extinction. To calibrate our maps, we assume a standard reddening law and use the colors of elliptical galaxies to measure the reddening per unit flux density of 100 μm emission. We find consistent calibration using the B-R color distribution of a sample of the 106 brightest cluster ellipticals, as well as a sample of 384 ellipticals with B-V and Mg line strength measurements. For the latter sample, we use the correlation of intrinsic B-V versus Mg2 index to tighten the power of the test greatly. We demonstrate that the new maps are twice as accurate as the older Burstein-Heiles reddening estimates in regions of low and moderate reddening. The maps are expected to be significantly more accurate in regions of high reddening. These dust maps will also be useful for estimating millimeter emission that contaminates cosmic microwave background radiation experiments and for estimating soft X-ray absorption. We describe how to access our maps readily for general use.
Prophylactic Versus Postfracture Stabilization for Metastatic Lesions of the Long Bones: A Comparison of 30-day Postoperative Outcomes.

INTRODUCTION The goals of orthopaedic treatment for most patients with osseous metastases are to control pain, maintain function, and maximize quality of life and time at home. The aim of this study was to determine differences in 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality between patients who underwent prophylactic versus postfracture stabilization for metastatic lesions of long bones. METHODS The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients who underwent prophylactic fixation (n = 461) or postfracture stabilization (n = 856) for pathologic fractures because of metastatic lesions of long bones from 2006 to 2016. The groups were compared with respect to several potential confounders using Student t, Kruskal-Wallis, and χ tests. Logistic and Poisson regression models (inclusion threshold of P < 0.1) were used to assess the associations of functional status with outcomes. The alpha level was set at 0.05. RESULTS Prophylactic fixation was associated with a lower risk of major medical complications (odds ratio = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 0.93; P = 0.02), discharge to a care facility rather than home (odds ratio = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.63; P < 0.01), and lower risk of a longer hospital stay (incidence risk ratio = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.96; P = 0.01) compared with postfracture stabilization. No significant difference was found in the risk of unplanned revision surgery or 30-day postoperative mortality between the two groups. CONCLUSION Although prevention of pathologic fractures caused by metastatic disease may not always be possible, patients who underwent prophylactic stabilization had a lower risk of major complications within 30 days postoperatively and shorter hospital stays compared with patients who underwent postfracture stabilization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective cohort.
Family ownership, related-party transactions and earnings quality

This paper examines the aftermarket trading volume following an initial public offering (IPO) in a sample of 243 IPOs listed on Bursa Malaysia between June 2003 and June 2008. Specifically, this study investigates the degree of flipping activity and its relationship with six ex-ante variables including IPO initial returns. Consistent with previous studies, the result of the cross-sectional multiple regression reveals a significantly strong positive relationship between initial returns and flipping activity for IPOs. Initial returns also seem to influence the subsequent weekâ€™s trading volume, but the influence is completely absorbed by flipping activity. The results also show that both institutional investor participation and offer size have significant influences on flipping activity. The results of this study imply that the Malaysian IPO market experiences active flipping activity that, in turn, has a significant role in predicting the subsequent trading activity.
PORTRAYAL OF BALINESE WOMEN IN OKA RUSMINI’S EARTH DANCE: A FEMINIST APPROACH

This undergraduate thesis analyzed the Balinese women in Earth Dance by Oka Rusmini. The writer chose this novel because this novel describes the gender inequalities suffered by Balinese women and kinds of Balinese women resistance against gender inequalities by feminist approach, which in this undergraduate thesis the elaboration of the approach employed radical feminist that is radical feminist. The writer uses descriptive qualitative method. Collecting data in this research is done by reading some books, reading some journals, and searching information on the internet. The aims of the research are to describe the kinds of gender inequality against Balinese women and to describe the kinds of Balinese women resistance against gender inequalities in the novel Earth Dance by Oka Rusmini. The results of the research are; first, violence, unfaithful, stereotype, and double burden are the kinds of gender inequality experienced by the Balinese women; and second, celibacy, lesbian, and resist the custom are the kinds of Balinese women resistance against gender inequalities in Earth Dance by Oka Rusmini. Keywords : Feminism, Radical Feminist, inequality, resistance, Balinese women, Earth Dance.
A Forgotten Cause of Allergy at ER That Is Still Difficult to Diagnose and Treat at Poor Resource Setting: Angioedema after Using Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors for 4 Years

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are the most commonly used antihypertensives. Therefore, ACEI induced angioedema (ACEi-AE) is not uncommon. Physicians tend to miss the diagnosis whenever a patient is taking the drug for years due to misbelief of “a drug that was taken for years may not be the cause for an allergic reaction or an angioedema”. But ACEi can induce angioedema after many years of usage as well as sometimes after stopping the drug even. Most of the emergency physicians and centers are not aware of clinical diagnosis and diagnostic criteria including available diagnostic tests and more importantly the treatment options of ACEi-AE. Therefore not only the diagnosis is delayed or missing but also proper treatment options are not practiced at many emergency rooms and at wards.
Castration induces progressive increase in the carotid intima-medial thickness of the male rat

Objectives: The role of androgens in the development of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. The current study therefore aimed to determine the changes in the carotid intima-medial thickness of the male rat in surgically-induced hypogonadism. Methods: Twenty-two Rattus norvegicus male rats aged two months were used. The rats were randomly assigned into baseline (4), experimental (9) and control (9) groups. Hypogonadism was surgically induced in the experimental group by bilateral orchiectomy under local anesthesia. At experiment weeks 3, 6 and 9, three rats from each group (experimental and control) were euthanized, their common carotid artery harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning and staining. The photomicrographs were taken using a digital photomicroscope for morphometric analysis. Results: The mean carotid intima-median thickness was 321.97 μm at baseline. There was a progressive increase in the carotid intima-median thickness by 17.6%, 37% and 67.1% of the baseline values in the castrated group at the end of the third, sixth and ninth week respectively (p<0.001). Although the carotid intima-median thickness increased in the non-castrated group with increasing duration of the study, these increases were not statistically significant (p=0.110). The increase in carotid intima-median thickness was associated with hyperplasia of the intimal layer as well as increased deposition of collagen fibers in the medial layer. Conclusion: Androgen deprivation by surgical castration induces a progressive increase in the carotid intima-median thickness. This may constitute an anatomical basis for the higher predisposition of hypogonadal males to cardiovascular diseases.
Neural mechanisms mediating persistent stress relief by comfort food

32 Introduction. 34 Materials and Methods. 37 Results. 39 Discussion. 43 CHAPTER 3: Palatable snacking persistently reduces HPA stress responses and induces long-term alterations in BLA neural plasticity. 62 Abstract. 63 Introduction. 64 Materials and Methods. 66 Results. 68 Discussion. 70
Diffusion of an innovation: Computer technology integration and the role of collaboration

2 List of Tables and Figures 5 Chapter One: Introduction 6 Chapter Two: Review of Literature 8 Diffusion of Innovation 8 Adopter Categories 9 Innovation-decision Process 13 Facilitators and Inhibitors 15 Contributions and Criticisms 17 Diffusion in Schools 17 History of Innovation in Schools 18 Facilitators and Inhibitors 21 Diffusion in Schools: A Comparison with Rogers’ Work 22 Diffusion of Computer Integration in Schools 25 History of Computer Integration 25 Facilitators and Inhibitors 26 Diffusion of computer integration in schools: Comparison with Rogers’ Work 27 Collaboration 27 A Case of Computer Innovation 29 Research Questions 30 Chapter Three: Methodology 31 Research Design 31 The Qualitative Tradition: An Ethnographic Case Study 31 Setting 32 Participants 32 Data Sources and Collection Procedures 35 Primary Sources 35 Secondary Sources 37 Management of Data 38 Data Analysis 39 Coding 40 Trustworthiness 41 Participant Corroboration 41 Personal Reflections and Introspections 41 Chapter Four: A Case Study of Fifth Grade Technology Integration 44 Players and Adoption Categories 44 Computer Resource Teacher – Original Change Agent 44 Team One 46 Team One Summary – Early Adopters 50 Team Two 52 Team Two Summary – Early Majority 55 Team Three 57 Team Three Summary – Late Majority 60 Researcher – Change Agent 63
An alternative to radiative forcing for estimating the relative importance of climate change mechanisms

Radiative forcing is widely used to measure the relative efficacy of climate change mechanisms. Earlier general circulation model (GCM) experiments showed that the global‐mean radiative forcing could be used to predict, with useful accuracy, the consequent global‐mean surface temperature change regardless of whether the forcing was due to, for example, changes in greenhouse gases or solar output. More recent experiments indicate that for changes in absorbing aerosols and ozone, the predictive ability of radiative forcing is much worse. Building on a suggestion from Hansen and co‐workers, we propose an alternative, the “adjusted troposphere and stratosphere forcing”. We present GCM calculations showing that it is a significantly more reliable predictor of this GCM's surface temperature change than radiative forcing. It is a candidate to supplement radiative forcing as a metric for comparing different mechanisms and provides a framework for understanding the circumstances in which radiative forcing is less reliable.
Prevalence of Adhesive Capsulitis in Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – An Observational Study

Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) is a clinical condition characterized by painful, restricted range of motion of the shoulder. It is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aim to study the prevalence of adhesive capsulitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to study its relationship with age, gender, duration of diabetes, glycaemic control and BMI. Methods: An observational study was done in 300 patients with type 2 DM. Patients with shoulder pain and restricted active and passive shoulder joint movements were diagnosed as having frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis). The data were statistically analysed. Results: Adhesive capsulitis was present in 32.3% of patients with type 2 diabetes. It was also found that there was a statistically significant association between occurrence of adhesive capsulitis and increasing age, duration of diabetes and poor glycaemic status. Conclusion: Adhesive capsulitis was seen to be the most commonly prevalent musculoskeletal disorder among patients with type 2 diabetes. Its occurrence was found to be more prevalent with increasing age, greater duration of diabetes and poorly controlled glycaemic status.
Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance : a comparative study of Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland

As noted by numerous studies entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is assumed to have a positive effect on firm performance. However, there is an ongoing debate concerning the importance of each of the constructs’ dimensions namely innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking and the respective impact of environmental factors. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the EO dimensions on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in different but neighboring countries. The focus is on the Rhine Valley, a region that covers parts of Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. Based on a telephone survey responses from 304 business owners and CEOs in the Rhine Valley were collected. Multiple regression analysis shows that firm performance is affected by innovativeness and risk-taking and surprisingly not by proactiveness. The findings reveal that firms in different countries show different configurations of EO dimensions. Therefore, our results suggest that firm performance depends on each EO dimension with regard to environmental aspects. Practical as well as theoretical implications are discussed and recommendations for future research are proposed.