Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Cognitive Style on Errors in English Writing Through Extensive Reading: A Case Study

This case study investigates the impact of cognitive style (field in/dependence) on errors in English writing through extensive reading (ER). It explores different possibilities between two field-independent (FI) and field-dependent (FD) learners through ER, and it considers the types of errors (interlanguage or intralingual) that they are more likely to commit. The participants were two Korean female high school students with different cognitive styles. To ascertain their respective cognitive styles, the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) was conducted. The participants were asked to write a reading log once a week for six months. Data analyses were performed by two raters, and for further qualitative analysis, Nvivo 10 was used. The results showed that ER was more beneficial to the FI learner with regard to writing proficiency, and both the FI and FD learners committed considerable interlanguage errors. Furthermore, there were similarities and discrepancies between the FI and FD learners as a result of the ER treatment in interlanguage error change.
Ecological modelling of a wetland for phytoremediating Cu, Zn and Mn in a gold–copper mine site using Typha domingensis (Poales: Typhaceae) near Orange, NSW, Australia

Abstract An artificial wetland was computationally modelled using STELLA®, a graphical programming tool for an Au-Cu mine site in Central-west NSW, the aim of which was to offer a predictive analysis of a proposed wetland for Cu, Zn and Mn removal using Typha domingensis as the agent. The model considers the important factors that impact phytoremediation of Cu, Zn and Mn. Simulations were performed to optimise the area of the wetland; concentration of Cu, Zn and Mn released from mine (AMD); and flow rates of water for maximum absorption of the metals. A scenario analysis indicates that at AMD = 0.75mg/L for Cu, Zn and Mn, 12.5, 8.6, and 357.9 kg of Cu, Zn and Mn, respectively, will be assimilated by the wetland in 35 years, which would be equivalent to 61 mg of Cu/kg, 70 mg of Zn/kg and 2,886 mg of Mn/kg of T. domingensis, respectively. However, should Cu, Zn and Mn in AMD increase to 3 mg/L, then 18.6 kg of Cu and 11.8 kg of Zn, respectively, will be assimilated in 35 years, whereas no substantial increase in absorption for Mn would occur. This indicates that 91 mg of Cu, 96 mg of Zn and 2917 mg of Mn will be assimilated for every kg of T. domingensis in the wetland. The best option for Cu storage would be to construct a wetland of 50,000 m2 area (AMD = 0.367 mg/L of Cu), which would capture 14.1 kg of Cu in 43 years, eventually releasing only 3.9 kg of Cu downstream. Simulations performed for a WA of 30,000 m2 indicate that for AMD = 0.367 mg/L of Zn, the wetland captures 6.2 kg, releasing only 3.5 kg downstream after 43 years; the concentration of Zn in the leachate would be 10.2 kg, making this the most efficient wetland amongst the options considered for phytoremediating Zn. This work will help mine managers and environmental researchers in developing an effective environmental management plan by focusing on phytoremediation, with a view at extracting Cu, Zn and Mn from the contaminated sites.
Novel Genus within the Family Hepeviridae Virus-Related Viruses That Form a Putative Bats Worldwide Carry Hepatitis E

Published Ahead of Print 13 June 2012. 2012, 86(17):9134. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00800-12. J. Virol. N. Lukashev and Christian Drosten Marcel A. Müller, Rainer G. Ulrich, Eric M. Leroy, Alexander Andreas Osterman, Andrea Rasche, Alexander Adam, Adu-Sarkodie, Samuel K. Oppong, Elisabeth K. V. Kalko, Zerbinati, Florian Gloza-Rausch, Stefan M. Klose, Yaw Adriana Fumie Tateno, Veronika Cottontail, Rodrigo Melim Jan Felix Drexler, Annika Seelen, Victor Max Corman, Novel Genus within the Family Hepeviridae Virus-Related Viruses That Form a Putative Bats Worldwide Carry Hepatitis E
Ligand Independent Activation Of PDGFRβ During HIV-Tat And Cocaine Mediated Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia

Our previous study supports an additive effect of cocaine to HIV-infection in the development of pulmonary arteriopathy through enhancement of proliferation of pulmonary smooth muscle cells, while also suggesting involvement of platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) activation in the absence of further increase in PDGF-BB ligand. Redox related signaling pathways have been shown to regulate tyrosine kinase-receptors independent of ligand-binding, so we hypothesized that simultaneous treatment of smooth muscle cells with Tat and cocaine may be able to indirectly activate PDGFR through modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) without the need of PDGF binding. We found that blocking the binding of ligand using suramin or IMC-3G3, significantly reduced ligand induced autophosphorylation of Y1009 without affecting ligand independent trans-phosphorylation of Y934 residue on PDGFRβ in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) treated with both cocaine and Tat. Combined treatment of HPASMCs with cocaine and Tat resulted in augmented production of superoxide radicals and H2O2 when compared with either treatment alone. Inhibition of this ROS generation prevented cocaine and Tat mediated Src activation and trans-phosphorylation of PDGFRβ at Y934 without any changes in phosphorylation of Y1009, in addition to attenuation of smooth muscle hyperplasia. Furthermore, pre-treatment with Src inhibitor: PP2 also suppressed cocaine and Tat mediated enhanced Y934 phosphorylation and smooth muscle proliferation. Finally, we report total abrogation of cocaine and Tat mediated synergistic increase in cell proliferation on inhibition of both ligand dependent and ROS/Src mediated ligand independent phosphorylation of PDGFRβ.
patients with type 2 diabetes Effect of genetic polymorphisms on the development of secondary failure to sulfonylurea in Egyptian

Objective: This study investigated the possibility that genetic factors, such as polymorphism of K inward rectifier subunit (Kir6.2), E23K, and Arg polymorphism of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), may predispose patients to sulfonylurea failure. Methods: A total of 100 unrelated Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. They were divided into two equal groups: group I consisted of patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea (hemoglobin A1c 8% despite sulfonylurea therapy) while group II consisted of patients whose condition was controlled with oral therapy. Results: Of all the patients, 45% and 14% were carriers of the K allele and Arg variants respectively. The frequency of the K allele was 34% among patients with diabetes that was controlled with oral therapy and 56% among patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea. The frequency of the Arg IRS-1 variant was 6% among patients with diabetes controlled with oral therapy and 22% among patients with secondary failure. Conclusion: The E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene and Arg IRS-1 variants are associated with increased risk for secondary failure to sulfonylurea.
Relative merits of using numbers and biomass in fish community studies

In descriptions of fish communities, the question of which measure of abundance should be used, whether numbers or biornass, has never been addressed. While both measures are often available, the common practice is to use numerical abundance for such descriptions, without any explicit justification for this choice. In order to contribute to the clarification of this issue, we have compared correspondence analyses/TWIA-classifications performed on both the numerical density and the biomass of the same trawl catches from a region off the western coast of Africa. The situation in which the quantitative aspect of the samples is disregarded, represented by presence/absence analyses, is illustrated for comparison. As it appeared likely that the length of the ecological or biogeographical 'gradient' would be of importance in how different the results of the 2 abundance measures would emerge, a series of subsamples of the total material, representing shorter ecological gradients, was also analysed. The analyses show that in most situations the choice between numbers and biornass matters little. However, in the case of short ecological 'gradients', when all or the large majority of species are common to all samples studied, and the individual fish sizes are different, there may be a marked difference in the patterns shown by the alternative measures of abundance.
Catalytic Cycle Complex in Photosystem II during the Structural Changes of the Oxygen-evolving Molecular Biophysics :

10.1074/jbc.M113.476622 Access the most updated version of this article at doi: . JBC Affinity Sites Find articles, minireviews, Reflections and Classics on similar topics on the Alerts: When a correction for this article is posted • When this article is cited • to choose from all of JBC's e-mail alerts Click here Supplemental material: http://www.jbc. org/content/suppl/2013/06/13/M113.476622. DC1.html
Title: A comparison of the extent and pattern of cognitive impairment among predialysis, dialysis and transplant patients: a cross sectional study from Australia. Short title: Cognitive impairment among predialysis, dialysis and transplant patients Corresponding author details: Kelly Lambert, Renal 

been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/nep.12892 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Title: A comparison of the extent and pattern of cognitive impairment among predialysis, dialysis and transplant patients: a cross sectional study from Australia. Short title: Cognitive impairment among predialysis, dialysis and transplant patients
A SEISMIC SIGNATURE OF A SECOND DYNAMO?

The Sun is a variable star whose magnetic activity varies most perceptibly on a timescale of approximately 11 years. However, significant variation is also observed on much shorter timescales. We observe a quasi-biennial (2 year) signal in the natural oscillation frequencies of the Sun. The oscillation frequencies are sensitive probes of the solar interior and so by studying them we can gain information about conditions beneath the solar surface. Our results strongly point to the 2 year signal being distinct and separate from, but nevertheless susceptible to the influence of, the main 11 year solar cycle.
Alzheimer ' s Disease , and Anti-inflammatory Agents

Some recent postmortem reports raise the possibility that Alzheimer-type pathology may be 6 to 12 times higher in elderly schizophrenia patients than in the general population. One study indicates that neuroleptic treatment may be an important contributor. Other reports, however, suggest that cognitive impairment in elderly schizophrenia patients is seldom due to Alzheimer-type pathology, indicating that more detailed followup studies are needed. Since multiple epidemiological studies show that Alzheimer's disease is less prevalent in patients with medical conditions requiring anti-inflammatory drugs than in the general population, antiinflammatory medication might be considered as an adjuvant to chronic neuroleptic treatment in elderly schizophrenia patients showing early signs of Alzheimertype memory deficits. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(1):
Supervisors’ Remarks in Teaching Practice: the Perspectives of History Student-Teachers

Teaching practice is very germane to the training of prospective teachers as it is a process of producing competent teachers. Rosemary, Richard and Ngara (2013) acknowledge that there are many mechanisms that are put in place to make the exercise (teaching practice) a beneficial experience to trainee-teachers' and supervisors' remarks is a part of one of such mechanisms. In the University of Cape Coast, supervision of the trainees (student-teachers) is done by the University lecturers who observe student-teachers and give their remarks on lessons taught by trainees. The remarks of supervisors, therefore, become critical in shaping trainees to turn out to be effective teachers. Given the relevance of supervisors' remarks, the researcher sought to examine the perspectives of History student-teachers on the remarks given by supervisors during teaching practice. A qualitative research method was followed. Focus group discussions with twenty-four (24) History student-teachers who were in the final and penultimate years of graduation were used to collect the data for the study. Data were presented qualitatively using thick descriptions. Regardless of differences in the reaction of participants on supervisors' remarks on their lessons, majority of them accepted the remarks given by their supervisors. By and large, participants regarded supervisors' remarks as indispensable element in their development as knowledgeable teachers. Nevertheless, conflicting remarks from supervisors on a lesson taught were viewed as affecting the effectiveness of the supervision exercise. Among other things, the study recommends that supervisors must have a sound knowledge of the subject matter they are supervising, and knowledge about subject-specific methodology which will enable them to provide useful remarks. Keywords: key words, Teaching practice, student-teachers' reactions, supervisors’ remarks
Commodity and Asset Pricing Models: An Integration

We present a simple methodology that integrates commodity and asset pricing models. Given current evidence on the financialization of commodity markets, valuable information about commodity risk premiums can be extracted from asset pricing models and used to substantially improve the estimates of expected spot prices provided by current commodity price models. The methodology can be used with any pair of commodity and asset pricing models. An implementation of the methodology is presented using the Schwartz and Smith (2000) two-factor commodity price model and the CAPM. Reasonable expected spot prices are obtained without negative consequences in the model's fit to futures prices.
Impact on Glycemic Control Mental Health Issues in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes : Prevalence and

Mental health comorbidities can negatively affect disease management in adolescents with chronic illnesses. This study sought to determine the prevalence and impact of mental health issues in a population of adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. A cross-sectional study of 150 patients aged 11 to 25 years with type 1 diabetes from an urban, academic diabetes center was conducted. Participants completed 3 validated mental health disorder screening instruments: Beck’s Depression Inventory, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-41 anxiety screen, and the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care. More than a third screened positive: 11.3% for depression, 21.3% for anxiety, and 20.7% for disordered eating (14.7% had ≥2 positive screens). Patients with a positive screen had twice the odds of having poor glycemic control as those without, as measured by HgbA1c. This study supports screening for mental health issues in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.
340 October 2000 INNOVATION AND SPILLOVERS : EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN REGIONS

The importance of innovation for the economic performance of industrialized countries has been largely stressed recently by the theoretical and empirical literature. Moreover the intensity of knowledge externalities in generating innovation, is the key parameter in determining sustained growth in a model with endogenous technological change. This paper takles the extremely important task of identifying and estimating a “production function” of innovation for European regions using Patent and R&D data, 1977-1995. After correcting for the endogeneity bias we find that the elasticity of innovative output to R&D employment is around 1, while knowledge externalities exist, are geographically localized in an area of 200 kms and are significant. Nevertheless these externalities are not strong enough to generate sustained growth, and therefore European regions’ innovative activity is better represented by a model as Jones (1995) than by one as Romer (1990). Knowledge spillovers could be due to the similar technological specialization of close regions, as we find significant spillovers also in technological space.
Arbacina romana (Merian, 1858) from the lower Pleistocene of Favignana Island (Sicily)

This article deals with the study of a population of Arbacina romana (MERIAN, 1858) from the lower Pleistocene of Favignana Island (Egadi Archipelago, Western Sicily). The quantity and the preservation of the fossil material allow a morphological comparison with samples attributed to the same species from six Pliocene and Pleistocene Italian localities. An interpretation of the ecological requirements of this echinoid is proposed. A morphological comparison with specimens of Genocidaris maculata A. AGASSIZ, 1869 from the Plio-Pleistocene of Emilia (Northern Italy) allows a preliminary investigation into the reliability of the distinctive morphological characters separating genera Arbacina POMEL, 1869 and Genocidaris A. AGASSIZ, 1869. Parole chiave: Echinoidea, Plio-Pleistocene, Mediterraneo, Arbacina romana, relazione Arbacina Genocidaris. key words: Echinoidea, Plio-Pleistocene, Mediterranean, Arbacina romana, relationship Arbacina-Genocidaris. * * * Introduction The isle of Favignana belongs to the Egadi Archipelago, situated in front of the western coast of Sicily. Our research in this locality was conducted between 1997 and 2000; 607 echinoid specimens were collected or studied in the field, eleven genera and fourteen species were identified. The list of the recognised taxa is reported in table 1. This rich echinoid fauna has received scant attention till now since a sole previous record by Checchia Rispoli (1938) is present in literature; the Sicilian echinologist, when studying a private collection, recognised only three taxa from Favignana: Sphaerechinus granularis, Echinolampas hoffmanni and Spatangus purpureus. He had not the opportunity to collect the fossil material in the field, as a consequence he erroneously attributed this association to the Tyrrhenian outcrops, previously described by Gemellaro (1919). In reality in the upper Pleistocene sediments only rare and poorly preserved tests of Genocidaris maculata and Echinocyamus pusillus are present: we collected a few specimens belonging to these species at Punta Marsala and along the coast between Grotta Perciata and Punta Fanfalo (see the location map: fig.1). Sphaerechinus,
Purification and characterisation of a cellulase obtained from cocoa ( Theobroma cacao ) pod-degrading Bacillus coagulans Co 4 [ Bacillus coagulans Co 4 ’ dan selülaz enziminin saflaştırılması ve karakterizasyonu

Objective: Some properties of cellulase purified from the culture supernatant of Bacillus coagulans Co4, isolated from cocoa pod dumpsite were investigated for possible biotechnological applications. Methods: The crude cellulase was purified to apparent homogeneity using a combination of acetone precipitation, CM Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The molecular and thermodynamic properties of the purified enzyme were studied following standard procedures. Results: The specific activity of the purified cellulase rose from 0.10 to 47 units/mg of protein, at the end of purification. The molecular weight was found to be 14.5 kDa; and an apparent Km value of 0.18±0.06 mg/ml of carboxylmethylcellulose. The optimum pH and temperature were 7.5 and 60oC respectively. The activation energy for carboxylmethylcellulose hydrolysis (Ea) was 16.5 kJ/mol. Na + and K+ had no effects on its activity at concentrations up to 200 mM, whereas Ca2+ and Mg2+ served as inhibitors at concentrations above 25 and 40 mM respectively. The cellulase retained 40% residual activity when heated at 60oC for 40 minutes. Conclusison: On the basis of these properties, it is concluded that the purified cellulase is moderately thermostable and may have applications in the bioconversion of agricultural wastes into economically useful products.
Compensation Mechanism for Early Termination of Highway BOT Projects Based on ARIMA Model

Due to the incomplete characteristic of concession agreements and unpredicted events, such as decision-making mistakes and force majeure, many Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) projects were terminated before the expiry of the concession period. In general, the government and the private sector will have a quite laborious negotiation on the compensation clauses. In a bid to avoid the endless disputes and huge losses, this paper proposes a quantitative compensation model for early termination of highway BOT projects by the analysis of cash flow. An ARIMA model has been constructed to forecast the future traffic volume, operation and maintenance cost, and future cash flow. The compensation amount is determined based on the realized revenue and estimated future revenue. By adopting a numerical example, this paper illustrates the application of the proposed model and provides a reference on compensation for early termination of highway BOT projects for both the government and the private sector.
Cell Host & Microbe Tecpr 1 in Selective Autophagy formation in mammalian cells

Michinaga Ogawa,1,* Yuko Yoshikawa,1 Taira Kobayashi,1 Hitomi Mimuro,1 Makoto Fukumatsu,1 Kotaro Kiga,1 Zhenzi Piao,1 Hiroshi Ashida,1 Mitsutaka Yoshida,4 Shigeru Kakuta,3 Tomohiro Koyama,5 Yoshiyuki Goto,2 Takahiro Nagatake,2 Shinya Nagai,5 Hiroshi Kiyono,2 Magdalena Kawalec,6 Jean-Marc Reichhart,6 and Chihiro Sasakawa1,7,* 1Division of Bacterial Infection 2Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology 3Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan 4Division of Ultrastructural Research, BioMedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan 5Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan 6Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Propre de Recherche 9022, Université de Strasbourg, 15, rue Rene Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France 7Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan *Correspondence: ogacho@ims.u-tokyo.ac. jp (M.O.), sasakawa@ims.u-tokyo.ac. jp (C.S.) DOI 10.1016/j.chom. 2011.04. 010
Comparative stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a fluorescence in leaves vs. fruits of the cerrado legume tree, Dalbergia miscolobium

The aim of this study was to compare water vapor conductance and chlorophyll a fluorescence between leaflets and fruits of Dalbergia miscolobium, the Jacaranda tree. The frequency of stomata on the leaflets was 20 times higher than that observed on the fruits, and this was related with the lower conductance of the fruits in comparison with the leaflets. The potential quantum yield of PSII (Fv /Fmax) was significantly lower in fruits than in leaflets. The Fv /Fmax values for leaflets increased to over 0.8 during the afternoon, indicating the occurrence of dynamic photoinhibition. In contrast, Fv /Fmax values for fruits remained low even at early morning, indicating the occurrence of chronic photoinhibition. The maximum values of effective quantum yield (DF/F'm), and of the apparent electron transport rate (ETRmax) were higher in leaflets than in fruits. It was concluded that, like other green tissues, the pericarp of D. miscolobium was photosynthetically active, and therefore can contribute to the maintenance of the fruits and/or to the development of the seeds.