Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRESCRIPTION ERRORS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

ABSTRACT Objective: Prescription writing is an art. Writing a correct prescription in compliance with the WHO guidelines requires regular practice. Mistakes in prescription writing are inevitable. Hence, this study was done to analyze the prescriptions from the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for errors. To analyze the prevalence and types of common prescribing errors in the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry. 500 prescriptions from the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Department were collected and analyzed. The study duration was 6 months (JulyDecember 2014). The prescriptions were analyzed for errors. Results: Our study revealed that 30.8% of the prescriptions had, at least, one error in them. The majority of the prescriptions had the doctors’ sign and patient details written in them. The dose of the drug was missing in about 38% of the prescriptions. None of the prescriptions had Type A error in our study. Conclusion: It was found that prescription errors are still prevalent. The prescribers’ have to be updated about the prescribing guidelines and regular auditing should be done to avoid these errors. Keywords: Prescription errors, Obstetrics and gynaecology, Classification of errors.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced permeability in the pathogenesis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy

ii Preface . iv Table of contents . vi List of tables . x List of figures . xi List of symbols . xiii List of abbreviations . xiv Acknowledgements . xix Dedication . xxi Chapter 1 – Background . 1 1.1 – HEART FAILURE . 1 1.1.1 – Primary causes of heart failure . 1 1.1.2 – Current treatment strategies . 3 1.1.3 – End-stage heart failure . 3 1.2 – OVERVIEW OF HEART TRANSPLANTATION . 4 1.2.1 – Understanding allo-immunity . 4 1.2.2 – Surgical milestones . 5 1.2.3 – Successful heart transplants . 6 1.2. 4 – Pathological diagnosis . 7 1.2. 5 – Past and present immunosuppressive regimens . 8 1.2. 6 – Etiology of cardiac allograft vasculopathy . 8 1.2. 7 – Current treatment strategies . 10 1.3 – CURRENT CONCEPT OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF CAV . 11 1.4 – DYSREGULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY IN VASCULAR DISEASE. 14 1.4. 1 – Endothelial dysfunction in native atherosclerosis . 15 1.4. 2 – Altered endothelial permeability in cardiac allograft vasculopathy . 16 1.5 – ENDOTHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION AND PERMEABILITY . 20 1.5. 1 – Pathways through the endothelium . 20 1.5. 1.1 – Intracellular passage . 20 1.5. 1.1.1 – Endocytosis . 21 vii | P a g e 1.5. 1.1.2 – Transcytosis . 23 1.5. 1.2 – Intercellular permeability . 24 1.5. 1.2.1 – Tight junctions . 25 1.5. 1.2.2 – Adherens junctions . 27 1.5. 1.3 – Focal adhesion complexes and the extracellular matrix . 30 1.5. 2 Modulation of permeability . 33 1.5. 3 – Second messengers and signal transduction pathways . 35 1.5. 3.1 – Calcium . 36 1.5. 3.2 – Phospholipases . 37 1.5. 3.3 – Tyrosine kinases . 39 1.5. 3.4 – cAMP and cGMP . 40 1.6 – VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR . 41 1.6. 1 – Search for a tumor angiogenic factor . 41 1.6. 2 – Vascular endothelial growth factor family members and receptors . 42 1.6. 3 – The role of vascular endothelial growth factor . 43 1.6. 4 – Vascular endothelial growth factor in disease . 43 Chapter 2 – Hypothesis and specific aims . 47 2.1 – RATIONALE. 47 2.2 – CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS . 48 2.3 – SPECIFIC AIMS . 48 Chapter 3 – The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in cardiac allograft vasculopathy . 50 3.1 – RATIONALE. 50 3.2 – MATERIALS AND METHODS . 51 3.2.1 – Case materials . 51 3.2.2 – Immunohistochemistry . 52 3.2.3 – In situ hybridization . 53 3.2. 4 – Color segmentation and image analysis . 54 3.2. 5 – Statistical analysis . 55 3.3 – RESULTS . 56 3.3.1 – Aberrant VEGF-A expression in human cardiac allograft vasculopathy . 56 3.3.2 – Aberrant VEGF-A expression in native atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus . 58 3.3.3 – VEGF-D in cardiac allograft vasculopathy . 60 3.3.4 – VEGF-D in native atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. 60 3.4 – DISCUSSION .
Alcohol’s harm to others: An international collaborative project

Callinan, S. , Laslett, A. , Rekve, D. , Room, R. , Waleewong, O. , Benegal, V. , Casswell, S. , Florenzano, R. , Hanh, H. , Hanh, V. , Hettige, S. , Huckle, T. , Ibanga, A. , Obot, I. , Rao, G. , Siengsounthone, L. , Rankin, G. , & Thamarangsi, T. (2016). Alcohol’s harm to others: An international collaborative project. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5 (2), 25-32. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2. 218 Aims: This paper outlines the methods of a collaborative population survey project measuring the range and magnitude of alcohol’s harm to others internationally. Setting: Seven countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) and ThaiHealth Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth) research project titled “The Harm to Others from Drinking,” along with two other countries with similar studies, will form the core of a database which will incorporate data from other countries in the future. Measures: The WHO-ThaiHealth research project developed two comparable versions of a survey instrument, both measuring harm from others’ drinking to the respondent and the respondent’s children. Design: Surveys were administered via face-to-face methods in seven countries, while similar surveys were administered via computer-assisted telephone interviews in two additional countries. Responses from all surveys will be compiled in an international database for the purpose of international comparisons. Discussion: Harms from the alcohol consumption of others are intertwined with the cultural norms where consumption occurs. The development of this database will make it possible to look beyond reports and analyses at national levels, and illuminate the relationships between consumption, harms, and culture. Conclusions: This database will facilitate work describing the prevalence, patterning, and predictors of personal reports of harm from others’ drinking cross-nationally.
Dynamic Pricing with External Information and Inventory Constraint

A merchant dynamically sets prices in each time period when selling a product over a finite time horizon with a given initial inventory. The merchant utilizes new external information that is observed at the beginning of each time period, whereas the demand function—how the external information and the price jointly impact that single-period demand distribution—is unknown. The merchant’s decision, setting price dynamically, serves dual roles to learn the unknown demand function and to balance inventory with an ultimate objective to maximize the expected cumulative revenue. The main objective of this work is to characterize and provide a full spectrum of relations between the order of optimal expected cumulative revenue achieved in three decision-making regimes: the merchant’s online decision-making regime, a clairvoyant regime with complete knowledge about the demand function, and a deterministic regime in which all the uncertainties are relaxed to the expectations. In the analyses, we derive an unconstrained representation of the optimality gap for generic constrained online learning problems, which renders tractable lower and upper bounds for the expected revenue achieved by dynamic pricing algorithms between different regimes. This analytical framework also inspires the design of two dual-based dynamic pricing algorithms for the clairvoyant and online regimes. This paper was accepted by Hamid Nazerzadeh, data science. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023. 4963 .
Gender and mathematical abstraction on geometry

This research is conducted due to low mathematical abstraction ability of junior high school students, since that mathematical abstraction is an important skill for both male and female students so that it is considered important to study gender factors for mathematical abstraction abilities. The objective of this research is to find out whether there is a significant difference between male and female mathematical abstraction abilities after using scientific approach supported by Excel VBA. This research was conducted to 16 female students and 15 male students of 9th grade at one of the junior high schools in West Bandung, Indonesia. The method in this study is quasi experimental by comparing the abstraction abilities of male and female students after being through by scientific approach assisted by Excel VBA. The instrument of this research is 3 questions about mathematical abstraction questions. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in mathematical abstraction between male and female students for some indicators after using the Scientific approach assisted by VBA Excel, this means the Scientific approach which assisted by Excel VBA can show the differences of mathematical abstraction between male and female students.
Multilingual Language Models for Named Entity Recognition in German and English

We assess the language specificity of recent language models by exploring the potential of a multilingual language model. In particular, we evaluate Google’s multilingual BERT (mBERT) model on Named Entity Recognition (NER) in German and English. We expand the work on language model fine-tuning by Howard and Ruder (2018), applying it to the BERT architecture. We successfully reproduce the NER results published by Devlin et al. (2019). Our results show that the multilingual language model generalises well for NER in the chosen languages, matching the native model in English and comparing well with recent approaches for German. However, it does not benefit from the added fine-tuning methods.
Advantages and Challenges of Online Project Based Learning

2 Chapter 1 . 5 1.2 Significance of the Research . 5 Chapter 2 . 7 Literature Review . 7 Project-Based Learning . 7 Project-Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning . 8 Assessment. 10 Online Learning . 10 Online PBL . 11 A Model of PBL . 12 Model Explained . 13 Chapter 3 . 15 Research Questions and Objectives . 15 Chapter 4 . 16 Methodology. 16 Population . 17 Data collection and analysis . 18 Chapter 5 . 19 Results . 19 Advantages of Online PBL from the literature . 19 Challenges of Online PBL from the literature . 22 Data from the interview (advantages) . 25 Data from the interviews (challenges) . 27 New advantages found during the interview . 29 New challenges found during the interview . 30
A measure of authorship by publications

Measuring publication success of a researcher is a complicated task as publications are often co-authored by multiple authors, and so, require comparison of solo publications with joint publications. In this paper, like \cite{price1981multiple}, we argue for an egalitarian perspective in accomplishing this task. More specifically, we justify the need for an ethical perspective in quantifying academic author by identifying certain ethical difficulties of some popular contemporary indices used for this purpose. And then we show that for any given dataset of research papers, the unique method satisfying the ethical notions of {\it identity independence} and performance invariance must be the egaliatarian E-index proposed by \cite{bps} and \cite{price1981multiple}. In our setting, this egalitarian method divides authorship of joint projects equally among authors and sums across all publications of each author.
Design and Network Topology-Specific Renewal-Theoretic Analysis of a MAC Protocol for Asymmetric Full-Duplex WLANs

The asymmetric network model, in which the access point (AP) is full-duplex (FD) capable while the other nodes are only half-duplex (HD) capable, is motivated by early-stage deployments of FD-capable networks. We propose a medium access control (MAC) protocol called asymmetric FD MAC (AFD-MAC) for this model. It leverages features such as random back-off and carrier sensing of the widely-used 802.11 HD MAC protocol, and it introduces two signals to exploit the FD capability of the AP. We also develop a general, network topology-specific renewal-theoretic analysis that characterizes the saturation throughput of AFD-MAC. It captures the differences in the statistical properties of the nodes and the AP due to differences in their duplexing capabilities or the number of hidden nodes. AFD-MAC can increase the throughput by a factor as large as two and can reduce head-of-line delay by a factor more than half compared to the conventional 802.11 HD MAC protocol. The gains depend on the ratio of the uplink to downlink packet lengths, network topology, and the extent of self-interference cancellation. A contrarian insight that emerges is that hidden nodes can enable the network to exploit its asymmetric FD capability.
Evaluating the experiences of surrogate and intended mothers in terms of surrogacy in Isfahan

Background: Using the method “surrogacy”, in which a woman accepts to bear and deliver a child for a married couple, is considered as a subsidiary method in infertility therapy. This method is relatively new in Iran. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experiences of the women involved in surrogacy and to reveal some issues related to this method. Materials and Methods: The method of research was analytic–descriptive and causative – comparative type. The 5-item neo - questionnaire and structured interview were used simultaneously. The sample consisted of 15 surrogate mothers, 15 intended mothers, and 30 normal mothers (each with one or more children). The studied data was gathered in the fall and winter of 2009 in Isfahan by the researcher (Monir Pashmi) and data analysis was executed through the use of descriptive data (such as the median, standard deviation) and interpretive data (T- test). Results: The research revealed that, in terms of social – cultural status, the surrogate and intended mothers were completely different but their psychological characteristics were not significantly varied. Results indicate the satisfaction and consent of both sides involved in the surrogacy. They had a good relationship during the pregnancy period but after delivery the intended mother wanted no further relationship, they found out this method an altruistic experience. Conclusion: Most surrogate and intended mothers do not consider surrogacy a problematic issue. A number of mothers, however, did mention that they had not been given the appropriate counseling beforehand. It seems plausible, therefore, to endeavour a general rise in the socio – cultural awareness of surrogacy in Iranian society.
Modulation of intestinal dendritic cells by manipulation of enteric bacteria in intestinal inflammation

s and Posters SC Ng, NE. McCarthy, S Plamondon, JL Benjamin, CRH Hedin, A Koutsoumpas, AL Hart, MA Kamm, A Forbes, K Whelan, SC Knight, JO Lindsay, AJ Stagg Expression of Toll-liked receptor-4 and production of interleukin-6 by intestinal dendritic cells correlate with disease activity and C-reactive protein in active Crohn’s disease (Accepted for poster presentation at Gastro 2009 London). SC Ng, JL Benjamin, A Koutsoumpas, NE. McCarthy, CRH Hedin, S Plamondon, CL Price, AL Hart, MA Kamm, A Forbes, SC Knight, JO Lindsay, K Whelan, AJ Stagg Altered intestinal dendritic cell function in patients with active Crohn’s disease is associated with an imbalance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory faecal microbiota (Accepted for poster presentation at Gastro 2009 London).
A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in elderly patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest oncology group study (9031).

Older age is a poor prognosis factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This double-blind trial was designed to test the hypothesis that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) used as supportive care could improve the treatment of elderly AML patients. Two hundred thirty-four patients 55 or more years of age with a morphologic diagnosis of de novo or secondary AML, French-American-British (FAB) M0-M7, excluding M3, were randomly assigned to a standard induction regimen (daunorubicin at 45 mg/m2 intravenously [IV] on days 1 through 3 and Ara-C at 200 mg/m2 IV continuous infusion on days 1 through 7) plus either placebo or G-CSF (400 microg/m2 IV over 30 minutes once daily). Results are reported here for 211 centrally confirmed cases of non-M3 AML. The two groups were well balanced in demographic, clinical, and hematological parameters, with median ages of 68 years in the G-CSF and 67 years in the placebo groups. The complete response (CR) rate was not significantly better in the G-CSF group: 50% in the placebo and 41% in the G-CSF group (one-tailed P = .89). Median overall survival was also similar, 9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7 to 10 months) in the placebo and 6 months (95% CI, 3 to 8 months) in the G-CSF arms (P = .71). We found a significant 15% reduction in the time to neutrophil recovery in the G-CSF group (P = .014). G-CSF had no impact on recovery from thrombocytopenia (P = .80) or duration of first hospitalization (P = .27). When infection complications were evaluated, G-CSF had a beneficial effect on the duration but not on incidence of infection. G-CSF patients had fewer days with fever and shorter duration of antibiotic use. However, there was no difference in the frequency of total documented infections or in the number of fatal infections (19% placebo v 20% G-CSF). In this study of elderly AML patients, G-CSF improved clinical parameters of duration of neutropenia and antibiotic use, but did not change CR rate or survival or shorten hospitalization.
Robust Non-negative Block Sparse Coding for Acoustic Novelty Detection

In this paper we address the problem of detecting previously unseen novel audio events in the presence of real-life acoustic backgrounds. Speciﬁcally, during training, we learn subspaces corresponding to each acoustic background, and during testing the audio frame in question is decomposed into a component that lies on the mixture of subspaces and a supergaussian outlier component. Based on the energy in the estimated outlier component a decision is made, whether or not the current frame is an acoustic novelty. We compare our proposed method with state of the art auto-encoder based approaches and also with a traditional supervised Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) based method using a publicly available dataset - A3Novelty. We also present results using our own dataset created by mixing novel/rare sounds such as gunshots, glass-breaking and sirens, with normal background sounds for various event to background ratios (in dB).
Improving the Single Event Effect Response of Triple Modular Redundancy on SRAM FPGAs Through Placement and Routing

Improving the Single Event Effect Response of Triple Modular Redundancy on SRAM FPGAs Through Placement and Routing Matthew Joel Cannon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Triple modular redundancy (TMR) with repair is commonly used to improve the reliability of systems. TMR is often employed for circuits implemented on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to mitigate the radiation effects of single event upsets (SEUs). This has proven to be an effective technique by improving a circuit’s sensitive cross-section by up to 100×. However, testing has shown that the improvement offered by TMR is limited by upsets in single configuration bits that cause TMR to fail. This work proposes a variety of mitigation techniques that improve the effectiveness of TMR on FPGAs. These mitigation techniques can alter the circuit’s netlist and how the circuit is placed and routed on the FPGA. TMR with repair showed a neutron cross-section improvement of 100× while the best mitigation technique proposed in this work showed an improvement of 700×. This work demonstrates both some causes behind single bit SEU failures for TMR circuits on FPGAs and mitigation techniques to address these failures. In addition to these findings, this work also shows that the majority of radiation failures in these circuits are caused by multiple cell upsets, laying the path for future work to further enhance the effectiveness of TMR on FPGAs.
Validation of a revised version of the short-form Mc-Gill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2) for IBS patients.

Background: The aim of this study was the validation of the revised McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Materials and Methods:Â A total of 107 (40 males, 67 females) IBS patients diagnosed according to Rome III criteria who referred to the Gastroenterology Clinic at Baqiyatallah Hospital in 1389 enrolled in this study. Â Enrolled patients completed a revised version of the short-form SF-MPQ-2 which had been translated into Farsi. To evaluate the validity of SF-MPQ-2 questionnaire, an exploratory factor analysis was performed. For assessment of reliability, we used Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the split-half method test. Results: Factor analysis denoted a three-factor model that included perceptions of pain sensation, emotional pain and neuropathic pain. The validity of the SF-MPQ-2 was satisfactory according to factor analysis. A comparison between patients with pain and those without pain provided evidence that supported the criterion validity of the questionnaire. Evidence was also adequate to support the content validity of the questionnaire as a measure of pain in IBS patients. The reliability of the scales was also acceptable. Conclusion:Â Â Â The findings showed acceptable reliability and validity for the revised version of the short-form SF-MPQ-2 in confirming the presence of IBS. Â
Adult patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia and t(9; 11)(p22; q23) have a superior outcome to patients with other translocations involving band 11q23: a cancer and leukemia group B study.

Following reports of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) showing that patients with t(9; 11)(p22; q23) have a better prognosis than those with translocations between 11q23 and other chromosomes, we compared response to therapy and survival of 24 adult de novo AML patients with t(9; 11) with those of 23 patients with other 11q23 translocations [t(11q23)]. Apart from a higher proportion of French-American-British (FAB) M5 subtype in the t(9; 11) group (83% v 43%, P = .006), the patients with t(9; 11) did not differ significantly from patients with t(11q23) in terms of their presenting clinical or hematologic features. Patients with t(9; 11) more frequently had an extra chromosome(s) 8 or 8q as secondary abnormalities (46% v 9%, P = .008). All patients received standard cytarabine and daunorubicin induction therapy, and most of them also received cytarabine-based intensification treatment. Two patients, both with t(9; 11), underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in first complete remission (CR). Nineteen patients (79%) with t(9; 11) and 13 (57%) with t(11q23) achieved a CR (P = .13). The clinical outcome of patients with t(9; 11) was significantly better: the median CR duration was 10.7 versus 8.9 months (P = .02), median event-free survival was 6.2 versus 2.2 months (P = .009), and median survival was 13.2 versus 7.7 months (P = .009). All patients with t(11q23) have died, whereas seven (29%) patients with t(9; 11) remain alive in first CR. Seven of eight patients with t(9; 11) who received postremission regimens with cytarabine at a dose of 100 (four patients) or 400 mg/m2 (2 patients) or who did not receive postremission therapy (2 patients) have relapsed. In contrast, 7 (64%) of 11 patients who received intensive postremission chemotherapy with high-dose cytarabine (at a dose 3 g/m2) (5 patients), or underwent BMT (2 patients) remain in continuous CR. We conclude that the outcome of adults with de novo AML and t(9; 11) is more favorable than that of adults with other 11q23 translocations; this is especially true for t(9; 11) patients who receive intensive postremission therapy.