Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and survival of Macrobrachium americanum Bate , 1868 juvenile prawns ( Crustacea , Decapoda , Palaemonidae ) stocked in tanks at different sizes

There has been a global expansion of freshwater shrimp farming since 1995, but production mostly consisted of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (D’Abramo et al. 2003, New 2005). There are techniques for its production that may serve as guidelines to develop technology for cogeneric species, but biological differences may mean different requirements (Garcia Guerrero and Apun 2008). Thus, studies on new species with potential for aquaculture should be performed. Macrobrachium americanum from the western continental shelf of Middle America is an example. The demand for this edible shrimp cannot be supplied by fisheries. It is large with the maximum sizes according to Kensler et al. (1974) being 450g for males (Figure 1) and 225 g for females (Figure 2). Some effort to start its culture have begun, but a considerable amount of information is uncertain or unavailable. Prior to the determination of the demand, it will be necessary to establish whether it can actually be cultured profitably (Garcia Guerrero and Apun, 2008). First efforts must focus on the capture and acclimation of wild specimens to the culture environment. Many farms are unproductive simply because they are farming inadequate stocks (Jerry et al. 2005). Hence, customization of the animals to culture conditions is necessary. Because stocks of similar age may vary in size, the effect of stocking size was selected as a primary aspect to evaluate. The purpose of this article was to assess the growth and survival of M. americanum juveniles (Figure 3) stocked at different sizes in experimental tanks.
EFFECT OF FEEDING DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS PLUS EXOGENOUS FEED ENZYMES ON MILK YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COWS

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of feeding direct-fed microbials (DFM) plus exogenous feed enzymes on milk yield and milk composition of primiparous and multiparous Holstein Friesian cows. Nineteen lactating cows were subjected to two dietary treatments (control and DFM plus enzyme groups) during 305 days. Evening (PM) and total daily milk productions of the cows were 12.7% and 11.5% higher than these of animals in the control group. Morning (AM), PM and total daily milk yields were significantly (P<0.01) affected by parity. Multiparous cows produced 16.8%, 15.4% and 16.1% higher AM, PM and total daily milk than primiparous cows. Total daily milk productions expressed as 4% FCM and SCM yields were also significantly affected by diet (P<0.05) and parity (P<0.01). Although Holstein cows fed diet supplemented with DFM plus enzymes resulted in 163.9 kg and 2.7 kg greater 305-days milk and milk fat productions respectively than cows in control group, the difference was not significant. Feeding of diet with DFM plus enzymes did not have significant influence on the percentages of the milk fat, protein, lactose, ash, dry matter, solids-non-fat as well as density and pH of the milk. Body condition score was significantly affected by parity (P<0.01) but not by feeding of DFM plus enzyme supplement. DFM plus enzymes had no apparent effect on count of fecal Escherichia coli flora.
The effect of plant growth regulators, explants and cultivars on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) tissue culture.

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is an important vegetable crop of which dioecy in nature has made cultivar improvement difficult using traditional breeding methods; therefore, production of high amount of disease free spinach is critical. To achieve the best explants and media for spinach tissue culture, the effects of two different plant growth regulators, two explants and cultivars on adventitious shoot regeneration were tested. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the effects of plant growth regulators on spinach tissue culture were significant; moreover, the effects of explants were not significant except on the regeneration phase. The best medium for callous induction was MS media containing 1.5 mgl-1 IAA + 2.5 mgl-1 GA3. The best medium for shoot regeneration was MS media contained 0.5 mgl-1 NAA + 2 mgl-1 GA3. The best rooting medium was MS medium containing 0.5 mgl-1 IBA. Results presented inhibitory effect of GA3 for callus and root formation; whereas, promote shoot development.
An Evaluation of Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Stream Benthic Invertebrates in Southern Ontario, Canada

In this study, we sampled stream benthos using rapid bioassessment methods (i.e., D-nets, coarse taxonomy) from sites in and around Toronto, Ontario that represented a range of stream characteristics (e.g., drainage areas). The protocols were developed by or adapted from: (1) Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, (2) Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, (3) Ontario Benthos Biomonitoring Network/Ministry of the Environment, and (4) Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network/ Environment Canada. Summary indices (Hilsenhoff's modified Biotic Index [HBI]; percent of fauna as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [% EPT]; number of taxa [S]; and Shannon's Diversity Index [H']) calculated from the resulting data were used to evaluate differences between protocols in a series of analyses including analysis of variance and variance components analysis. The study found that sampling method was an unimportant source of variation in summary index values relative to other factors such as the stream or year sampled. The largest percent variance amongst stream or year factors (main and interactions) was at least three times greater than the corresponding method related percent variances. The results of this study suggest that these four bioassessment methods are interchangeable within the context of large geographic scales or for the detection of major impacts. In cases where impacts to the benthic community are subtle, protocols should include one or more of discrete habitat sampling, replication, and lower taxonomic resolution. The data and findings here may help agencies integrate different sampling protocols into their biomonitoring and assessment programs.
Integrated medicines management to medicines optimisation in Northern Ireland (2000–2014): a review

Objective The objective of this review was to assess the improvement in medicines processes in Northern Ireland focusing mainly on secondary care and at the interface with primary care and also to consider the benefits of enabling technologies for the system. Methods The review was undertaken by examining all of the publications that had been produced together with relevant context articles that framed and supported the requisite process changes together with a synopsis of relevant enabling technologies that were devised. Key outputs were summarised and incorporated into the system review. Results The optimisation of the medicines process has led to benefits to patients in terms of morbidity and mortality in addition to a reduction in healthcare resource utilisation. Key findings include reduced length of stay, reduced readmission rates, improved Medicines Appropriateness Index, improved Medicines Administration Error rate, positive impact on Risk Adjusted Mortality Index and improved communication across the primary/secondary care interface. Enabling technology solutions were also implemented. Conclusions The journey from medicines management to optimisation has resulted in significant improvements in the quality and safety of medicines yielding health gain and economy and a return on investment of £5–8 for each £1 invested. The complementary role of pharmacy in the multidisciplinary team has been identified and evidenced. The next steps will be to further integrate with primary care and deliver improvements in medicines processes in that sector together with requisite enabling technologies.
A NUMERICAL APPROACH TO PREDICT THE ROTATING STALL IN THE VANELESS DIFFUSER OF A CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR USING THE EIGENVALUE

A two-dimensional incompressible flow model is presented to study the occurrence of rotating stall in vaneless diffusers of centrifugal compressors. The diffuser considered has two parallel walls, and the undisturbed flow is assumed to be circumferentially uniform, isentropic, and to have no axial velocity. The linearized 2D Euler equations for an incompressible flow in a fixed frame of the coordinate system are considered. After discretization by a spectral collocation method based on Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto points, the generalized eigenvalue problem is solved through the QZ algorithm. The compressor stability is judged by the imaginary part of the eigenvalue obtained. Based on the 2D stability analysis, the influence of inflow angle, radius ratio and wave number are studied. The results from the present stability analysis are compared with some experimental measurement and Shen’s model. It is showed that diffuser instability increases rapidly and the stall rotational speed decreases quickly with an increase in the diffuser radius ratio. The largest critical inflow angle can be obtained when the wave number is around 3 ∼ 5 for the radius ratio between 1.5 to 2.2. It is also verified that the stability model proposed in this paper agrees well with experimental data and has the capability to predict the onset of rotating stall, especially for wide diffusers.
Complex experiment on studying the microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles and estimating the contribution of atmospheric aerosol-to-earth radiation budget

Abstract. The primary objective of this complex aerosol experiment was the measurement of microphysical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosol particles in the surface air layer and free atmosphere. The measurement data were used to retrieve the whole set of aerosol optical parameters, necessary for radiation calculations. Three measurement cycles were performed within the experiment during 2013: in spring, when the aerosol generation is maximal; in summer (July), when atmospheric boundary layer altitude and, hence, mixing layer altitude are maximal; and in late summer/early autumn, during the period of nucleation of secondary particles. Thus, independently obtained data on the optical, meteorological, and microphysical parameters of the atmosphere allow intercalibration and inter-complement of the data and thereby provide for qualitatively new information which explains the physical nature of the processes that form the vertical structure of the aerosol field.
Communication between scientists, fishery managers and recreational fishers: lessons learned from a comparative analysis of international case studies

Abstract The management of recreational ﬁsheries beneﬁts from good collaboration between scientists, managers andrecreational ﬁshers. However, the level of collaboration largely depends on the levels of effective communicationamong the different stakeholders. This paper presents the views of scientists, managers and ﬁshers concerning thequality of communication in eleven case studies of recreational ﬁsheries. Case studies were synthesised and commonreasons why communication did not always ﬂow as intended were identiﬁed. The prevalent barriers to goodcommunication, and therefore collaboration included a lack of rigorous scientiﬁc information transfer from scientiststo ﬁshers and managers, a fear from ﬁshers that management actions will limit ﬁshing opportunities, pre-existingantagonism between commercial and recreational ﬁsheries, and ﬁshers’ suspicion of science. Overcoming these issuesis paramount to improve collaboration and participatory processes that help lead to robust, well-accepted managementactions.
ITS 1 LOCUS : A MAJOR DETERMINANT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PLANTAGO SPP . ( PLANTAGINACEAE )

By this study, ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) regions in the nuclear DNA of 10 Plantago samples collected from Mongolia (5 samples) and Viet Nam (5 samples) were sequenced and constructed Maximum Parsimony (MP) and NeighborJoining (NJ) phylogenetic trees for establishing the genetic relationship. The results showed that 10 samples belonged to 2 species (7 Plantago major and 3 Plantago depressa). The length of sequences ranged from 632 to 644 bp (ITS1 ranged from 210-222 bp, 5.8S was 162 bp, and ITS2 259 261 bp). The ITS1 region was highly variable among the sequences whereas ITS2 and 5.8S regions were more conservative. The MP and NJ trees apparently separated P. major and P. depressa into 2 different groups, supported with high bootstrap values. P. depressa was first time reported in Mongolia. The results highlighted that ITS sequences could distinguish P. major and P. depressa, which is certainly important for pharmacist to use crude drugs derived from Plantago.
Comparative clinical and radiographical evaluation of success of pulpotomy using biodentine and prf-biodentine combination: an in-vivo study

Introduction: Removal of infected pulp tissue from the coronal portion leads to preservation of a remaining vital and functioning pulp. Preservation of pulp vitality by pulpotomy is one of the universally accepted treatment procedure with the aid of latest bioactive materials leading to a more conservative approach in the management of teeth involving the pulp based on clinical conditions. Aim: To comparatively evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of single visit pulpotomy procedure using Biodentine and the combination of Plasma Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Biodentine Materials and Methods: Twenty permanent molars were selected and randomly assigned to two groups that included pulpotomy with only Biodentine and the other group with the PRF-Biodentine combination. Single visit pulpotomy procedure was completed with the restoration. Later the patients were recalled after one day, three months and six months for clinical and radiographical evaluation. Results: Chi-square test was used to compare the responses for various study variables between Biodentine and PRF-Biodentine combination. The comparison between the two groups was statistically not significant. Conclusion: Single visit pulpotomy procedure performed with either Biodentine or Combined PRF and Biodentine was equally efficient at 6 months follow-up. But with PRF-Biodentine combination, PRF an ideal biomaterial which is autologous can help better than Biodentine alone in the success of vital pulp therapy
J un 2 01 9 2 d Galilean Field Theories with Anisotropic Scaling

In this work, we study two-dimensional Galilean field theories with global translations and anisotropic scaling symmetries. We show that such theories have enhanced local symmetries, generated by the infinite dimensional spin-l Galilean algebra with possible central extensions, under the assumption that the dilation operator is diagonalizable and has a discrete and non-negative spectrum. We study the Newton-Cartan geometry with anisotropic scaling, on which the field theories could be defined in a covariant way. With the well-defined Newton-Cartan geometry we establish the state-operator correspondence in anisotropic GCFT, determine the two-point functions of primary operators, and discuss the modular properties of the torus partition function which allows us to derive Cardy-like formulae.
On the loss of saltmarshes in south‐east England and the relationship with Nereis diversicolor

Summary 1. Two papers, Hughes & Paramor (2004) and Paramor & Hughes (2004), published in Journal of Applied Ecology are discussed. These papers suggest that saltmarsh erosion is linked to bioturbation, and concentrate on the role of the ragworm Nereis diversicolor. The authors also suggest that new saltmarsh will not develop in realignment sites because bioturbation will prevent the establishment of saltmarsh plants. We dispute their analysis and offer evidence that inferences derived from their experimental work are erroneous. 2. Experience from the current range of managed realignment sites in the UK shows that saltmarsh communities are developing, and include the lower marsh Salicornia communities that they suggest are vulnerable to the effects of bioturbation and grazing by N. diversicolor. 3. Further evidence of the benefits of managed realignment, even in situations where realignment sites lie below existing seaward mudflat levels, is provided by the saltmarshes that developed on sites that were not re-enclosed after the 1953 flood in eastern England. 4. We highlight the importance of maintaining positive sediment budgets in order that saltmarshes may continue to adjust to sea level rise and to ensure that sufficient sediment exists to allow realignment sites to warp up to levels at which pioneer saltmarsh may develop. 5. We also draw attention to a range of initiatives that seek to maintain sediment levels within estuaries in south-east England, and highlight the broader conceptual approach that looks upon dredged sediment as an important resource and not a waste material. None of these is designed to change permanently the estuarine tidal prism, as suggested by Hughes & Paramor (2004). 6. Synthesis and applications. We present evidence to show that coastal realignment is effective in managing and reversing saltmarsh erosion. We dispute the conclusions presented in the recent papers by Hughes & Paramor (2004) and Paramor & Hughes (2004). We suggest that infauna play an essential role in saltmarsh ecology and that N. diversicolor does not play a destructive role in saltmarsh establishment. In the broader context of coastal management, the long-term benefits of managed realignment in sea defence and in delivering nature conservation benefit are quite clear. Sustainable sediment management will play a key role in sustaining saltmarsh habitats in the future.
OUTCOMES ON THE HOUSING OF FARMED DOMESTIC RABBITS : REPRODUCING DOES SZENDRŐ ZS

The housing of farmed animals is increasingly scrutinised by society and thereby subject to a change towards more animal-friendly systems. For rabbits, also kept as pets, there are no EC regulations regarding their housing under farming conditions. In many countries, studies have been carried out to improve their welfare and health under current and alternative housing systems. This paper reviews and integrates the research efforts made since the EFSA report in 2005 on reproducing rabbit does and provides some conclusions, where possible, with special emphasis on animal welfare according to the principles stated by the Welfare Quality® project, i.e. good housing, good health and appropriate behaviour. The use of an elevated platform provides greater opportunities for does and their kits to move, jumping up and down. Management and housing systems (especially flooring) must guarantee good hygienic conditions (all-in, all-out) and separation of the rabbits from their excreta for proper resting places, hygiene and health. Plastic floors and footrests and environmental enrichments (e.g. gnawing material) are also recommended. Continuous group housing systems for reproducing females have been definitively proven to challenge animal welfare by increased aggression and injuries among does and to kits. Part-time group housing systems have proven to have potential, but cannot yet be recommended in farms until major problems of aggression and injuries among animals are solved.
A model-based analysis of the macroeconomic impact of the refugee migration to Germany

By simulating various (labour market) integration scenarios with the aid of a New Keynesian DSGE model, this paper explores the potential economic consequences and transmission mechanisms resulting from the recent refugee migration to Germany. We find that the long-run costs and benefits for domestic agents depend critically on the skill levels migrants will obtain in the long run. A failure to integrate the about 800,000 migrants (equivalent to 1% of initial German population) could reduce per capita output and consumption by 0.43% and 0.48%, respectively, while integration measures that improve their qualification structure could even yield per capita output and consumption gains of 0.34% and 0.38%, respectively. Measures that cause the migrant qualification structure to closely match that of the native population over the long term do not lead to significant changes in GDP and consumption. Overall, our model simulations suggest that the macroeconomic impact of refugee migration is small.
Evaluation of Planting Methods for Growth and Yield of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) Under Agro-Ecological Conditions of District Shikarpur

A field trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to evaluate the appropriate planting method of rice variety KSK 282 under field conditions. The trial was planted at farmers field, district Shikarpur during 2010 on silty clay loam textured soil with pH of 7.86, electrical conductivity (EC) 0.40 dSm , organic matter 0.54%, N 0.075% and P 4.2 mg kg . The treatments of the 11 experiment were direct seed dibbling, pre germinated seed broadcast, direct seed drilling, random transplanting (farmer practice) and line transplanting. The results obtained during the study revealed that grain yield and cost benefit ratio of the different planting techniques were in the order line transplantation >, conventional transplantation >, direct seed dibbling >, direct seed drill >, pre germinated seed broadcast. The highest plant height (111.67 cm), productive tillers (337.67 m2), panicle count (330.67 m ), root length (17.12 cm), seed index 2
Preparation of polydivinylbenzene/natural rubber capsule encapsulating octadecane: Influence of natural rubber molecular weight and content

The encapsulation of octadecane (OD) as heat storage material was studied. The core-shell polydivinylbenzene (PDVB)/natural rubber (NR) capsules encapsulating OD was prepared using the Self-assembling of Phase Separated Poly- mer (SaPSeP) method by suspension polymerization. The mixture of dispersed phase consisting of DVB, NR, OD and ben- zoyl peroxide was added in polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and then homogenized at 5,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The obtained monomer droplet emulsion was subsequently polymerized at 80°C for 8 hours resulting in PDVB/NR capsule encapsulating OD. The influence of molecular weight and content of NR on the encapsulation efficiency and thermal prop- erties of the encapsulated OD were investigated. It was found that both factors affected on the preparation of PDVB/ NR/OD capsule. High molecular weight NR restricted phase separation of formed PDVB. High NR content also reduced phase separation of PDVB due to the increase of internal viscosity. Then, only the incorporation of appropriate molecular weight and content of NR resulted in the formation of PDVB/NR/OD capsule.
SMALL-SLOPE APPROXIMATION METHOD : A FURTHER STUDY OF VECTOR WAVE SCATTERING FROM TWO-DIMENSIONAL SURFACES AND COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA

This paper deals with the calculation of the scattering cross-section of polarized electromagnetic plane waves from 2-D metallic and dielectric randomly rough surfaces. The scattering crosssection of object is calculated by the Local Small Slope Approximation (SSA), the scattering cross-section is then compared with experimental data. In this paper, second order terms of the SSA method have been numerically implemented in order to obtain accurate results for a large range of slope. In this paper, we consider scattered and incident wave vectors in arbitrary directions, metallic and dielectric materials with complex permittivity. Surfaces are considered with Gaussian probability density functions for surface heights and Gaussian or non-Gaussian correlation functions. The coherent and incoherent components of the electromagnetic intensity for crossand co-polarization are calculated in the bistatic case and we give several comparisons of the theory with measured data.