Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community-Based Strategies to Improve the Health of Mexican American Men

This article focuses on the barriers that dissuade Mexican American men from seeking health care using a focused ethnography of Mexican American men living in the Northwest United States. Also highlighted are community-based strategies that can be employed to improve the likelihood that Mexican American men will access the health care system and become more aware of their health status in general.
A social identification approach to the effects of religious disclosures in business communication

Abstract This research expands on prior research into the effects of religious disclosures on interpersonal attraction by drawing from social identification theory to explain attributions stemming from religious disclosures in professionals’ e-mail signature blocks. Participants (N = 268) were randomly exposed to one of three experimental conditions (a Christian, Islamic, or secular quotation in a signature block) and completed measures of social identification and perceptions of professionalism. Results indicate that, contrary to prior research, merely disclosing one’s religion does not increase attributions; rather, attributions of a sender’s professionalism are positively derived from the receiver’s social identification with the sender’s religion. Implications of these findings are discussed with regard to social identity theory, as well as for professional practice in developing signature blocks as a means of self-presentation.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS NOTIFICAÇÕES COMPULSÓRIAS EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância do Hospital Universitario Lauro Wanderley (HULW) em relacao as outras unidades notificadoras no municipio de Joao Pessoa e caracterizar as notificacoes segundo o municipio de procedencia. Material e Metodos: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, no periodo de 2008 a 2012, utilizando dados do SINAN. Observou-se o total de notificacoes de todas as unidades do municipio de Joao Pessoa e calculou-se a porcentagem representada pelo HULW e pelas outras unidades notificadoras de Joao Pessoa. No segundo momento, as notificacoes realizadas no HULW foram caracterizadas segundo o municipio de procedencia dos pacientes e foram destacados os dez agravos mais prevalentes e a respectiva distribuicao por sexo. Resultados: A proporcao de notificacoes do HULW no ano de 2008-29,57%, 2009-30,31% e 2010-31,70%. Os agravos mais frequentes foram Acidentes por animais peconhentos (54,55%), Dengue (21,68%), Hepatites Virais (10,27%) e Meningite (6,58%). A maioria dos pacientes e procedente de Joao Pessoa (71%) e 29% de outros municipios. A distribuicao por sexo dos dez agravos mais frequentes e: Acidentes por animais peconhentos (M-52,23%; F-62,98%), Dengue (M-22,90%; F-23,30%), Hepatites virais (M-13,70%; F-8,75%), Meningite (M-9,01%; F-5,42%), Tuberculose (M-1,32%; F-0,92%), Hanseniase (M-1,06; F-0,79%), Gestantes HIV+ (F-1,54%), Leishmaniose Visceral (M-1,42%; F-0,36%), Leptospirose (M-1,26%; F-0,49%), Crianca exposta ao HIV (M-0,59%; F-0,62%). Conclusao: O HULW representa uma importante fonte notificadora no municipio de Joao Pessoa. Por essa razao, e necessario investir na qualificacao do trabalho deste nucleo hospitalar, visando uma boa qualidade das notificacoes para planejar acoes em saude com maior resolutividade. DESCRITORES Notificacao de doencas. Vigilância epidemiologica. Epidemiologia descritiva.
The hope of the future: The experience of pregnancy influences women’s implicit space–time mappings

ABSTRACT It has long been observed that speakers employ spatial concepts “front” and “back” to talk about temporal concepts “past” and “future. ” However, the direction of space-time mappings varies across cultures. According to Temporal Focus Hypothesis (TFH), people’s implicit associations between space and time are conditioned by their temporal focus. Here we tested whether pregnancy can affect Chinese women’s temporal focus and thereby influence their space-time mappings. One of the most striking characteristics of pregnant women noted by previous research is their future-oriented thought. Based on this, we predicted that pregnant women should be more future-focused. Consistent with this prediction, the results demonstrated that pregnant women tended to be more future-focused than non-pregnant women and demonstrated a greater tendency to conceptualize the future as in front of them, supporting the TFH. The current research offers a new perspective that culture-external factors such as pregnancy can also influence people’s spatialization of time.
When inclusion hurts: The role of valence in moderating the effects of being in the loop

ABSTRACT We explored conditions under which being in the loop may be an undesirable experience. We tested whether information valence moderates the effects of being in versus out of the loop in four studies. In a pilot study, participants imagined positive and negative events and indicated the degree to which they would like to know this information. In Study 1, participants imagined being in or out of the loop on positive or negative information and indicated how they would feel. In Study 2, participants relived an actual experience when they were in or out of the loop on positive or negative information. In Study 3, participants were in or out of the loop on positive or negative information needed for an upcoming task. These studies provide evidence that being in the loop on negative information can be an unenjoyable experience, threatening fundamental needs and increasing negative affect.
Short-acting spinal anesthesia in the ambulatory setting

Purpose of review There has been a renewed interest in the short-acting local anesthetics articaine, chloroprocaine, and prilocaine for ambulatory spinal anesthesia because of numerous potentially beneficial factors both clinically and economically speaking. This review covers the current advances of the past 1 to 2 years. Recent findings Literature search revealed a pleasing quantity of relevant articles. In various randomized, controlled trials (many different designs), chloroprocaine, articaine, and prilocaine performed mainly well as regards fast onset, satisfying block, and quick recovery. With these anesthetics transient neurologic symptoms were very rarely seen. Regarding urinary retention useful guidelines for bladder volume management were presented. In addition, various interesting features relating to unilateral spinal anesthesia and economical aspects were investigated. Summary Intrathecal articaine (off-label use for the time being), chloroprocaine, and prilocaine (the latter two officially approval in several European countries) remain a very appealing option in the ambulatory setting. Chloroprocaine may have a slight edge as regards ultra-short and short surgery, whereas articaine and prilocaine may suit well for somewhat longer procedures. Future follow-up investigations should establish possible differences between these local anesthetics, also with respect to other anesthetic techniques and to economical aspects.
Mutual friends’ social support and self-disclosure in face-to-face and instant messenger communication

ABSTRACT In the present study, we investigated long-term effects of self-disclosure on social support in face-to-face and instant messenger (IM) communication between mutual friends. Using a representative sample of 583 German IM users, we explored whether self-disclosure and positive experiences with regard to social support would dynamically interact in the form of a reinforcing spiral across three measurement occasions. If mutual friends self-disclose today, will they receive more social support 6 months later? In turn, will this affect their willingness to self-disclose another 6 months later? We further analyzed spill-over effects from face-to-face to IM communication and vice versa. We found that self-disclosure predicted social support and vice versa in IM communication, but not in face-to-face communication. In light of these results, the impact of IM communication on how individuals maneuver friendships through the interplay between self-disclosure and social support are discussed.
The Internal/External Frame of Reference Model Revisited: Incorporating General Cognitive Ability and General Academic Self-Concept

The internal/external frame of reference model (I/E model; Marsh, 1986) is a highly influential model of self-concept formation, which predicts that domain-specific abilities have positive effects on academic self-concepts in the corresponding domain and negative effects across domains. Investigations of the I/E model do not typically incorporate general cognitive ability or general academic self-concept. This article investigates alternative measurement models for domain-specific and domain-general cognitive abilities and academic self-concepts within an extended I/E model framework using representative data from 25,301 9th-grade students. Empirical support was found for the external validity of a new measurement model for academic self-concepts with respect to key student characteristics (gender, school satisfaction, educational aspirations, domain-specific interests, grades). Moreover, the basic predictions of the I/E model were confirmed, and the new extension of the traditional I/E model permitted meaningful relations to be drawn between domain-general cognitive ability and domain-general academic self-concept as well as between the domain-specific elements of the model.
The Other Side of Method Bias: The Perils of Distinct Source Research Designs

Common source bias has been the focus of much attention. To minimize the problem, researchers have sometimes been advised to take measurements of predictors from one observer and measurements of outcomes from another observer or to use separate occasions of measurement. We propose that these efforts to eliminate biases due to common source variance create serious problems. To demonstrate the problems of using what we term the “distinct sources” measurement design, we provide an integrative review of the literature regarding both contamination and deficiency of measures. Building on this theme, the article uses simulated data to demonstrate how using data from distinct observers or occasions of measurement can distort estimates of predictor importance at least as much as common source variance. Alternative multisource designs are advocated and examined for tractability by simulating various numbers of observations and sources in the research design.
Principal Cluster Axes: A Projection Pursuit Index for the Preservation of Cluster Structures in the Presence of Data Reduction

A measure of “clusterability” serves as the basis of a new methodology designed to preserve cluster structure in a reduced dimensional space. Similar to principal component analysis, which finds the direction of maximal variance in multivariate space, principal cluster axes find the direction of maximum clusterability in multivariate space. Furthermore, the principal clustering approach falls into the class of projection pursuit techniques. Comparisons are made with existing methodologies both in a simulation study and analysis of real-world data sets. Furthermore, a demonstration of how to interpret the results of the principal cluster axes is provided on the analysis of Supreme Court voting data and similarities between the interpretation of competing procedures (e.g., factor analysis and principal component analysis) are provided. In addition to the Supreme Court analysis, we analyze several data sets often used to test cluster analysis procedures, including Fisher's Iris data, Agresti's Crab data, and a data set on glass fragments. Finally, discussion is provided to help determine when the proposed procedure will be the most beneficial to the researcher.
Effect of donor animals and their diet on in vitro nutrient degradation and microbial protein synthesis using grass and corn silages.

Two nonlactating cows and two wether sheep, all fitted with a permanent cannula into the rumen, were fed either hay plus concentrate, grass silage or corn silage to study the effect of the donor animal and its diet on in vitro fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. Rumen inoculum was obtained before the morning feeding. Grass silage or corn silage was incubated in a semi-continuous rumen simulation system for 14 days. Four replicated vessels were used per treatment. Degradation of crude nutrients and detergent fibre fractions as well as microbial protein synthesis and the production of volatile fatty acids were studied. Additionally, total gas and methane production was measured with a standard in vitro gas test. Gas production and methane concentration was higher when the inoculum used was from sheep than that from cows. The donor animal also affected the degradation of organic matter and ether extract as well as the amount of propionate and butyrate, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio. The effect of the diet fed to the donor animal on fermentation was much greater than the effect of the donor animal itself. Feeding hay plus concentrate resulted in higher gas production and degradation of acid detergent fibre, but in lower degradation of ether extract and reduced microbial protein synthesis. Additionally, the pattern of volatile fatty acids changed significantly when the diet of the donor animals was hay plus concentrate or one of the silages. These results show that in vitro fermentation and microbial protein synthesis is different when based on inoculum from either cattle or sheep. The diet fed to the donor animal is more important than the animal species and is probably mediated by an adjusted microbial activity. With regard to standardized feed evaluations, these results further support the need to harmonize in vitro approaches used in different laboratories.
Simultaneous Decision on the Number of Latent Clusters and Classes for Multilevel Latent Class Models

The Multilevel Latent Class Model (MLCM) proposed by Vermunt (2003) has been shown to be an excellent framework for analyzing nested data with assumed discrete latent constructs. The nonparametric version of MLCM assumes 2 levels of discrete latent components to describe the dependency observed in data. Model selection is an important step in any statistical modeling. The task of model selection for MLCM amounts to the decision on the number of discrete latent components at both higher and lower levels and is more challenging than standard Latent Class Models. In this article, simulation studies were conducted to systematically examine the effects of sample sizes, clusters/classes distinctness, and the number of latent clusters and classes on the performance of various information criteria in recovering the true latent structure. Results of the simulation studies are summarized and presented. The final section presents the remarks and recommendations about the simultaneous decision regarding the number of latent classes and clusters when applying MLCMs to analyze empirical data.
Western corn rootworm adult movement and possible egg laying in fields bordering maize

Abstract: Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, larval damage in maize following soybean was observed in Croatia in 2003 along the edges and within soybean fields which bordered continuous maize fields in previous year. The explanation was that WCR adults moved from the continuous maize to the neighbouring soybean fields to lay eggs. This study was designed to measure how far WCR adults will enter into neighbouring fields to lay eggs. The WCR adult population was monitored in continuous maize fields in 2003 and 2005 by using Pherocon® AM non‐baited yellow sticky traps in the middle and on the borders of the maize field and at different distances and directions into neighbouring fields planted by wheat and soybean. Larval presence and root damage ratings (Iowa State University 1–6 ) were recorded at different locations within the maize field in following years. Approximately, the same concentration of WCR adults was recorded along the edges of the maize fields as recorded in the centres of those fields. A significant number of WCR adults was recorded up to a distance of 50 m into neighbouring fields. Regression analysis showed medium negative correlation between distance from previous maize field and root damage in the following year. Findings indicate that WCR egg lying can reach approximately 20 m into fields neighbouring maize fields and that significant root damage caused by WCR larvae in first‐year maize following soybean and wheat can happen up to a distance of 20 m into those fields. Most farmers's fields in Croatia are up to approximately 50 m wide. As an edge effect for WCR egg laying can reach approximately 20 m into fields neighbouring maize fields, our research results indicate that it is possible to see WCR larval damage in rotated fields without those WCR's being the variant form.
The susceptibility and resistance of fry and fingerlings of Oreochromis mossambicus Peters to some pesticides commonly used in Sri Lanka.

Summary The acute toxicity (48 hr LC50) of seven herbicides, three acaricides and eight insecticides used in the Control of agricultural pests in Sri Lanka to the fry and fingerlings of Oreochromis mossambicus Peters were investigated in freshwater at 28–29°C under static laboratory conditions. The fry were more susceptible to the pesticides tested than were the fingerlings. Most of the pesticides tested induced severe behavioural changes in the exposed fish. Exposure to some herbicides and insecticides resulted in lateral and upward bending of the body, while higher concentrations of some pesticides caused excessive mucous secretions, rupturing of eyes and production of haemmorrhagic patches. Of the pesticides tested on fry and fingerlings, Ronstrar, Elsan and Endosulfan are the most toxic herbicide, acaricide and insecticide, respectively, while Basfapon, Rogor and Azodrin 60 are, respectively, the least toxic herbicide, acaricide and insecticide.
ANTHROPOMETRY OF THE YOUNG ADULT COLLEGE RUGBY PLAYER IN WALES

Twenty-one anthropometric measurements were taken on 33 first class and 29 second class young adult college rugby players. Each player was classified according to position. There were significant differences between first and second class players in a number of measurements and it was felt necessary therefore to consider the two groups apart. Forwards were considered separately from backs. Physique was determined according to Parnell. Overall, forwards had about a one-half unit more Fat than backs. Mean ratings for the first class forward were 4.5/5.0/2.5 and backs 4.0/5.0/2.5; second class forwards 4.5/4.5/2.5 and backs 4.0/4.5/3.0. Lean body weight and total body fat were derived according to Wilmore and Behnke. In both groups forwards had higher lean body weights and total body fat values than backs. In the first class player percent body fat was approximately the same for forwards and backs (16%). There was a 5% differential between second class forwards (17%) and backs (12%). The sum of cross-sectional diameters of arm, calf and thigh, and of four transformed skinfolds gave similar results, for forwards and backs in both groups, as lean body weight and total body fat. An analysis of variance was carried out within groups and between positions for all measurements. There were a greater number of significant differences within the first class player. Forwards differed, for example, in height, weight, lean body weight, total body fat and femur; backs in height, lean body weight, bi-iliac and arm length. The second class player differed in other measurements, for instance, humerus and upper-arm circumference.
An evaluation of the reliability of the food label literacy questionnaire in Russian

Objective: School-based nutrition education can promote the development of skills, such as food label reading, that can contribute to making healthier food choices. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of a Russian language version of the previously validated Food Label Literacy for Applied Nutrition Knowledge (FLLANK) questionnaire and also to evaluate the impact of school-based nutrition education programmes on nutrition knowledge and food label–reading skills in Russian adolescents and young adults. Methods: Two nutrition education study programmes were administered to two separate groups of students – at a middle school (n = 23) and a university (n = 17). The study programmes consisted of a single 2-hour classroom session and emphasised basic nutrition and food components. The FLLANK questionnaire was administered to both groups of students before and after the intervention to assess change in food label–reading skills. Cronbach’s α was calculated for the post-test scores to assess the instrument’s internal consistency. Results: Middle school students increased their mean FLLANK scores from 54% to 95% (p < .01). University students increased their scores from 46% to 91% (p < .01). In the school group only, there was an interaction between time and gender, with boys improving significantly more than girls (p < .05). The Cronbach’s α estimates were low for both groups: −. 15 and . 03 for school and university, respectively. Conclusion: Food label literacy improved among Russian adolescents and young adults after the implementation of nutrition education curricula. The translated version of the FLLANK retained its utility for capturing change in food label literacy, but performed very poorly with regard to internal consistency. Additional research with larger sample size and variance of scores to assess reliability is needed.
Fungible Correlation Matrices: A Method for Generating Nonsingular, Singular, and Improper Correlation Matrices for Monte Carlo Research

ABSTRACT For a fixed set of standardized regression coefficients and a fixed coefficient of determination (R-squared), an infinite number of predictor correlation matrices will satisfy the implied quadratic form. I call such matrices fungible correlation matrices. In this article, I describe an algorithm for generating positive definite (PD), positive semidefinite (PSD), or indefinite (ID) fungible correlation matrices that have a random or fixed smallest eigenvalue. The underlying equations of this algorithm are reviewed from both algebraic and geometric perspectives. Two simulation studies illustrate that fungible correlation matrices can be profitably used in Monte Carlo research. The first study uses PD fungible correlation matrices to compare penalized regression algorithms. The second study uses ID fungible correlation matrices to compare matrix-smoothing algorithms. R code for generating fungible correlation matrices is presented in the supplemental materials.
Iteration of Partially Specified Target Matrices: Application to the Bi-Factor Case

ABSTRACT The current study proposes a new bi-factor rotation method, Schmid-Leiman with iterative target rotation (SLi), based on the iteration of partially specified target matrices and an initial target constructed from a Schmid-Leiman (SL) orthogonalization. SLi was expected to ameliorate some of the limitations of the previously presented SL bi-factor rotations, SL and SL with target rotation (SLt), when the factor structure either includes cross-loadings, near-zero loadings, or both. A Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to test the performance of SLi, SL, SLt, and the two analytic bi-factor rotations, bi-quartimin and bi-geomin. The results revealed that SLi accurately recovered the bi-factor structures across the majority of the conditions, and generally outperformed the other rotation methods. SLi provided the biggest improvements over SL and SLt when the bi-factor structures contained cross-loadings and pure indicators of the general factor. Additionally, SLi was superior to bi-quartimin and bi-geomin, which performed inconsistently across the types of factor structures evaluated. No method produced a good recovery of the bi-factor structures when small samples (N = 200) were combined with low factor loadings (0.30–0.50) in the specific factors. Thus, it is recommended that larger samples of at least 500 observations be obtained.