Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amino acid levels in rat pancreas after pilocarpine or pancreozymin.

R O B B E R E C H T , P . , M . D E S C H O D T L A N C K M A N , J . CAMUS, R . KuTZNER, AND J . CHRISTOPHE. Amirio acid Icvels in rat paticreos after pilocarpine or pancreozymin. A m . J . Physiol . 2 2 4 ( 6 ) : 1309-1313 . 1 9 7 3 . — T h e levels of a séries of nonessent ia l a m i n o acids were rapidly altered in the rat exocr ine pancréas after administrat ion of secretogogues. T h e peak secretory response observed at 30 m i n after the intraperitoneal inject ion of p i locarpine (30 m g / k g ) was a c c o m p a n i e d by é lévat ions of a lanine ( + 2 3 8 % ) and aspartate ( + 6 6 % ) and d iminut ions of g l u t a m i n e ( — 3 1 % ) a n d g lu tamate ( — 2 0 % ) . T h è s e changes suggest that the neural st imulat ion of pancreat ic sécrétion was coup led wi th c h a n g e s in redox potentials and ox idat ive phosphorylat ion . T h e shorter secretory cycle in­ d u c e d by pancreozymin (23 Crick, Harper , and R â p e r U / k g adminis tered intravenously under N e m b u t a l anesthesia) also led t o oppos i te variat ions of aspartate, g lu tamine , a n d g lutamate . Aspartate almost tripled in the pancréas after 10 min, whereas g l u t a m i n e and g lutamate levels were depressed by 4 3 and 3 1 % , respect ively. In the liver, p i locarpine s t imulat ion increased the levels of a lanine ( + 7 1 % ) and aspartate ( + 4 3 % ) and decreased g l u t a m i n e ( — 4 9 % ) at 30 m i n post inject ion. Pancreozymin ad­ ministrat ion w a s not associated wi th rapid changes in levels of l iver a m i n o acids.
Comparison of Liquid Phase Radiobinding Assay and Solid Phase ELISA for the Measurement of Insulin Antibodies and Insulin Autoantibodies in Serum

Sera containing insulin antibodies from 20 insulin‐treated diabetic patients, sera containing insulin autoantibodies from 20 insulin‐naive non‐diabetic patients, and from 10 normal controls, were tested at 1:20 dilution in three different radioimmunoassays (RIA) and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a highly purified human insulin ligand. The RIA using insulin radiolabelled at multiple sites detected insulin antibodies in 17/20 and insulin autoantibodies in 13/20 sera. The same RIA using A‐14‐monoiodinated insulin was sensitive to antibodies and autoantibodies in all the sera. The same RIA using sera after insulin extraction detected only 13/20 diabetic sera and 9/20 autoimmune sera as positive, owing to a substantial rise in non‐specific binding of the control sera. ELISA was sensitive to insulin antibodies and autoantibodies in every case. When binding curves for ELISA and the most sensitive RIA were compared using serial dilutions of four insulin antibody containing sera and four insulin autoantibody containing sera, antibody titres varied from 1.1 to 3.8 times higher in ELISA, and autoantibody titres from 10.6 to 28.6 times higher in ELISA. These studies indicate that ELISA is more sensitive than RIA to insulin antibodies, and in particular to insulin autoantibodies.
Interactions of valproic acid with phenytoin

The interaction of phenytoin and valproic acid was studied in four adults. We studied serial changes in total phenytoin concentrations, protein binding, urinary hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoin (HPPH) excretion, and half-life. In all four patients valproic acid caused an increase in the free fraction of phenytoin. Total phenytoin plasma concentrations deccreased transiently in three patients and remained low throughout the study period in one patient. HPPH excretion increased transiently and then decreased, corresponding to changes in total phenytoin plasma concentrations. Biologic half-life transiently decreased in three patients (not statistically significant) and subsequently increased significantly in all four patients. The data suggest that valproic acid displaced phenytoin from protein-binding sites in all four patients and subsequently inhibited phenytoin metabolism in three patients.
The Effects of Passive Leg Press Training on Jumping Performance, Speed, and Muscle Power

Abstract Liu C, Chen C-S, Ho W-H, Füle RJ, Chung P-H, and Shiang T-Y. The effects of passive leg press training on jumping performance, speed, and muscle power. J Strength Cond Res 27(6): 1479–1486, 2013—Passive leg press (PLP) training was developed based on the concepts of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) and the benefits of high muscle contraction velocity. Passive leg press training enables lower limb muscle groups to apply a maximum downward force against a platform moved up and down at high frequency by an electric motor. Thus, these muscle groups accomplished both concentric and eccentric isokinetic contractions in a passive, rapid, and repetitive manner. This study investigates the effects of 10 weeks of PLP training at high and low movement frequencies have on jumping performance, speed, and muscle power. The authors selected 30 college students who had not performed systematic resistance training in the previous 6 months, including traditional resistance training at a squat frequency of 0.5 Hz, PLP training at a low frequency of 0.5 Hz, and PLP training at a high frequency of 2.5 Hz, and randomly divided them into 3 groups (n = 10). The participants' vertical jump, drop jump, 30-m sprint performance, explosive force, and SSC efficiency were tested under the same experimental procedures at pre- and post-training. Results reveal that high-frequency PLP training significantly increased participants' vertical jump, drop jump, 30-m sprint performance, instantaneous force, peak power, and SSC efficiency (p < 0.05). Additionally, their change rate abilities were substantially superior to those of the traditional resistance training (p < 0.05). The low-frequency PLP training significantly increased participants' vertical jump, 30-m sprint performance, instantaneous force, and peak power (p < 0.05). However, traditional resistance training only increased participants' 30-m sprint performance and peak power (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that jump performance, speed, and muscle power significantly improved after 10 weeks of PLP training at high movement frequency. A PLP training machine powered by an electrical motor enables muscles of the lower extremities to contract faster compared with voluntary contraction. Therefore, muscle training with high contraction velocity is one of the main methods of increasing muscle power. Passive leg press training is a unique method for enhancing jump performance, speed, and muscle power.
Violence-related ambulance call-outs in the North West of England: a cross-sectional analysis of nature, extent and relationships to temporal, celebratory and sporting events

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the potential of ambulance call-out data in understanding violence to inform about prevention activity. Method This cross-sectional (2013–2015) study examined the nature, extent and characteristics of violence-related ambulance call-outs (n=15 687) across North West England and relationships with temporal, celebratory and sporting events. Results The majority of call-outs were for men, with a mean age of 33 years. Most call-outs were to deprived (64.4%) and urban (65.4%) areas and occurred at night (18:00–5:59; 75.2%). Three-quarters (77.3%) were recorded as assault/sexual assault and 22.7% stab/gunshot/penetrating trauma. Significant differences in call-out characteristics were identified between the two violence types. Generalised linear modelling found that call-outs significantly increased on weekends, New Year’s Eve and weekday bank holiday eves (except for stab/gunshot/penetrating trauma). No significant associations between all violence call-outs, the two violence categories and sporting or celebration events were identified. Two-thirds (66.1%) of the call-outs were transferred to another health service for further assessment and/or treatment. The odds of being transferred were significantly higher among men (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.5, 95%CI 1.4 to 1.6), those aged 13–24 years (AOR 1.2, 95%CI 1.0 to 1.4), call-outs for stab/gunshot/penetrating trauma (AOR 1.4, 95%CI 1.3 to 1.5) and call-outs on Fridays/Saturdays (AOR 1.1, 95%CI 1.0 to 1.2) and lower for call-outs on New Year’s Eve (AOR 0.6, 95%CI 0.4 to 0.9). Conclusion Ambulance call-out data can provide a wealth of information to understand violence and subsequently inform about violence prevention and response activity. Ambulance services and staff could play a key role in preventing violence through sharing data and identifying and supporting victims.
Langerhans’cells in human cervical epithelium: effects of wart virus infection and intraepithelial neoplasia

Summary. The distribution of Langerhans’cells and T and B lymphocytes in cervical epithelium affected by wart virus infection (WVI) and intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) has been studied by immunohistological techniques with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. In comparison with normal tissue epithelium infected by wart virus consistently showed a partial depletion or absence of both Langerhans’cells and T lymphocytes. The few Langerhans’cells which remained showed loss of their normal dendritic processes and were confined to the vicinity of the basement membrane. In contrast, epithelium from patients with CIN showed an increase in spindle‐shaped Langerhans’cells associated with increased numbers of stromal and intraepithelial lymphoid cells. These findings suggest that there is a marked difference in host immune responses in these two conditions and may explain why WVI tends to persist in the epithelium while CIN is often associated with a lymphoid reaction.
Glioblastoma Multiforme, Diagnosis and Treatment; Recent Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, with an incidence of 3.19 cases per 100,000 person years and remarkably poor prognosis showing a 5-year survival rate of 4-5%, and only a 26-33% survival rate at 2 years in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we review the different types of treatment modalities based on the relevant databases. Methods of diagnosis will be described briefly. METHOD Systemic compilation of the relevant literature. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Today's treatments cannot cure GBM patients but only extend their overall survival. The use of chemoradiation, immunotherapy, and radio sensitizers as an adjuvant therapy cannot reduce the high rates of recurrence within a few months after treatment. Radiotherapy will remain the backbone of the treatment but new treatment modalities must be developed.
Complete Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Type Strain 810-2 (ATCC 13637)

ABSTRACT An emerging nosocomial pathogen, Stenotrophomonas maltophila has a high mortality rate in those it infects. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 810-2 (ATCC 13637), the type strain of the species. The 5-Mb (66.1% G+C content) genome has been deposited in NCBI under accession number CP008838.
Microaggressions and Daily Experience

Psychologists use the term microaggressions to describe subtle forms of bias and discrimination experienced by members of marginalized groups. Lilienfeld (2017, this issue) makes an important contribution to the literature by presenting a critical review of the meaning and measurement of microaggression experiences. In this commentary, we argue that advancing the construct of microaggressions rests on research approaches that move beyond static representations of individuals to dynamic frameworks that observe people’s lives as they unfold day to day. We discuss the conceptual potential of microaggressions as a bridging concept across multiple levels of analysis. We conclude that the intensive study of individuals over time can contribute to theory evaluation and offer new insights into the nature of unfolding processes that are theorized to be central to the manifestation of microaggressions in everyday life.
Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling and Age Assessed with Cardiac MR Imaging: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

PURPOSE To evaluate age-related left ventricular (LV) remodeling during longitudinal observation of a large cohort of asymptomatic individuals who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. MATERIALS AND METHODS The applicable institutional review boards approved this study, and all participants gave informed consent. Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to identify longitudinal changes in LV structure and function in 2935 participants who underwent baseline and follow-up cardiac MR imaging in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Participants were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. Participants who experienced an incident coronary heart disease event were excluded. Data were analyzed with multivariable mixed-effects regression models in which the outcome was cardiac MR imaging measurement, and the covariates included follow-up time and cardiac risk factors. RESULTS Participants were aged 54-94 years at follow-up, and 53% of the participants were women. Median time between baseline and follow-up cardiac MR imaging was 9.4 years. Over this period, LV mass increased in men and decreased slightly in women (8.0 and -1.6 g per decade, respectively; P < .001). In both men and women, LV end-diastolic volume decreased (-9.8 and -13.3 mL per decade, respectively; P < .001), stroke volume decreased (-8.8 and -8.6 mL per decade, respectively; P < .001), and mass-to-volume ratio increased (0.14 and 0.11 g/mL per decade, respectively; P < .001). Change in LV mass was positively associated with systolic blood pressure and body mass index and negatively associated with treated hypertension and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. In men, the longitudinal LV mass increase was in contrast to a cross-sectional pattern of LV mass decrease. CONCLUSION As patients age, the LV responds differently in its mass and volume between men and women, although both men and women experience increased concentric LV remodeling with age. In men, the opposition of longitudinal and cross-sectional changes in LV mass highlights the importance of longitudinal study.
A privacy preserving clustering technique for horizontally and vertically distributed datasets

Despite the benefits of data mining in a wide range of applications, this technique has raised some issues related to the privacy and security of individuals. Due to these issues, data owners may prevent to share their sensitive information with data miners. On the other hand, in distributed environments, other issues related to the distribution of data will raise, which will make the preservation of privacy more challengeable. To solve these problems, different privacy preserving data mining PPDM techniques have been introduced. In this paper, a new privacy preserving clustering PPC technique for horizontally and vertically distributed datasets is proposed. The proposed technique uses Haar wavelet transforms HWT and scaling data perturbation SDP to achieve both data hiding and data reduction for protecting private numerical attribute values in distributed datasets. The results of our evaluations demonstrated that the proposed technique provides a proper degree of privacy and quality of clustering for distributed datasets and also runs fast. Our experiments have also shown that the proposed technique provides better privacy and clustering results comparing to the other existing privacy preserving clustering techniques applicable to distributed datasets. The proposed algorithms and the results of their experimental evaluations using different datasets are presented in this paper.
Consequences of Stereotype Suppression and Internal Suppression Motivation: A Self-Regulation Approach

The present research studied the effects of suppression of stereotypes on subsequent stereotyping. Moreover, the moderating influence of motivation to suppress stereotypes was examined. The first three experiments showed that suppression of stereotypes leads to the experience of engaging in self-control (Study 1), to depleted regulatory resources as indicated by worse performance on an unrelated subsequent task that involves self-regulation (Study 2), and to hyperaccessibility of the suppressed thoughts (Study 3). However, these effects were moderated by internal suppression motivation: Increased self-control, depleted regulatory resources, and hyperaccessibility of suppressed thoughts only occur for people with low internal suppression motivation. Furthermore, in line with the argument that depletion of regulatory resources after suppression also should result in increased stereotyping in general, it was found that suppression of a specific stereotype leads to an increased use of stereotypes in general, but only for people with low internal suppression motivation (Study 4).
A case study of blast eye injury at work place

This case report aims at investigating whether two consecutive surgical settings would be beneficial in achieving postoperative success for the patient with blast eye injury. A 45-year-old male patient admitted on 17th October 2011 with history of blast eye injury. Right eye examination revealed central corneal laceration with incarceration of lens matter, multiple foreign bodies also seen embedded in the eyelid margins and in the left cornea. Computed ocular tomography showed a retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in the right eye. Simultaneous corneal laceration repair and extraction of the ruptured lens performed as primary procedure under general anesthesia. Intraoperative posterior capsule loss was noticed with vitreous presentation. Anterior vitrectomy with removal of the IOFB was done. Foreign bodies were also removed from the left cornea. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) with scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation executed 4 months later as secondary procedure. Visual acuity maintained at 6/24 in 2 years follow-up. In conclusion, two consecutive surgical settings has the advantage of calculating the intra ocular lens power.
Characterisation, Evaluation and Clinical Significance of Latent HIV-1 Reservoirs and Therapeutic Strategies for HIV Eradication

HIV induces persistent infection and, despite improvements in mortality and morbidity conferred by Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), there is currently no cure [1]. The immune system controls HIV only partially, and plasma HIV and proviral DNA can be detected from acute primary infection to end-stage AIDS [2]. More than 99% of HIV replication has been demonstrated in activated and infected CD4+ T-cells [3]. These are the very cells that are instrumental in the clearance of virus through the host’s adaptive immune response. Gradually, throughout the course of infection, repeated rounds of CD4+ T cell infection lead to an overall and marked decrease in the total number of CD4+ T cells [4] and this has been linked to the clinical manifestations of HIV disease [5]. HIV-1 replicates rapidly in infected patients, with a virion half-life of less than 6 hours in plasma [6], and a half-life of 1-2 days in proliferating infected cells [7] [8] [9], corresponding to the short-lived population that produces most of the HIV-1 The major problem with eradication of HIV lies with the existence of a pool of latently infected cells. Retroviral latency occurs when a provirus infects and integrates into the genomic DNA of its target cell, but is transcriptionally silent [10]. These cells are able to persistently produce infectious HIV virions when activated, even from patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and are a potential source of rebounded virus after HAART treatment is interrupted [3]. There are myriad cells and tissue types in which HIV can integrate, and it is at these sites that the long-term preservation of replication-competent HIV can occur [11]. Infectious virus within HIV reservoirs has a longer half life than the virus in cells where there is active viral replication [12]. The half life of the viral reservoir has been estimated at 43.9 months during three years of HAART, [13] and 44.2 months whilst on seven years of HAART [14]. Thus, it had been estimated to take possibly as long as 60 years to eradicate the virus using HAART alone [13]. In other studies , the reservoir half life in patients with optimal suppression of viral replication was estimated to be as little as 6 months [15] [16].
Diffractive Effects and General Boundary Conditions in Casimir Energy

The effect of edges and apertures on the Casimir energy of an arrangement of plates and boundaries can be calculated in terms of an effective nonlocal lower-dimensional field theory that lives on the boundary. This formalism has been developed in a number of previous papers and applied to specific examples with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Here we generalize the formalism to arbitrary boundary conditions. As a specific example, the geometry of a flat plate and a half-plate placed parallel to it is considered for a number of different boundary conditions and the area-dependent and edge dependent contributions to the Casimir energy are evaluated. While our results agree with known results for those special cases (such as the Dirichlet and Neumann limits) for which other methods of calculation have been used, our formalism is suitable for general boundary conditions, especially for the diffractive effects.
Dart and Arrow Points on the Columbia Plateau of Western North America

The timing of the bow and arrow's introduction, spread, and replacement of the atlatl is an important research question in North American prehistory. Although regional archaeologists have not focused on the issue, it is generally thought that the bow and arrow were introduced on the Columbia Plateau ca. 2,300 years ago and completely replaced the atlatl by 1000 B.P. We apply two sets of discriminate functions and four threshold values to three large projectile point samples from the Columbia Plateau and a control sample from the Western Great Basin. Our results indicate that the atlatl was used on the Plateau by ca. 10,800 B.P. While the bow and arrow may have been present by 8500 B.P., they were ubiquitous in the region by 4400 B.P. Atlatl use appears to have increased for a while after 3000 B.P. At the same time, metric differences between dart and arrow points strengthened. Darts became rare after 1500 B.P. but seem to have been in use in small numbers at least until contact.
Ontogeny and phylogeny.

When I have the opportunity to watch a bright young surgeon just a few years out of medical school as he casually stops his patient's heart and proceeds confidently with barely imaginable technical procedures while the patient's physiology is totally dependent on iatrogenic support, I feel like Darwin did as he looked at dinosaur bones in Patagonia. Darwin's companion and commanding officer, Captain FitzMorris, was a rigidly orthodox Roman Catholic who saw in the great strata full of dinosaur bones evidence that the Lord's hand had indeed been busy during the few millennia since Genesis; he believed these must be bones of great beasts who died in the flood. Darwin viewed these findings differently: he recognized this paleontological treasure as evidence that far, far more was there than could be accounted for in the limited years of Biblical history. Likewise, we know that the evolutionary processes that led to my