Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Splitting subject clitic-verb inversion

As is well known, a considerable number of North-Eastern Italian dialects display the morphosyntactic phenomenon defined in the descriptive literature on the topic as interrogative inversion: it consists in the encliticization of a pronominal element coreferent with the subject onto the inflected verb. In this article, I will try to determine the range of possible interpretations which can be associated with sentences whose predicate has the relevant verbal morphology. Within the relatively recent line of research adopting a split-CP approach (see Rizzi (1998) among many others)), it will be proposed that the presence of subject clitic inversion is the morphological reflex of a syntactic process; more precisely, that it entails raising of the inflected verb to the head position of one of the functional projections of the CP-layer which are argued to encode some aspects of the speaker’s representation of the propositional content expressed. The article is organized as follows: in section 1 the existence of an independent series of non-assertive subject clitic pronouns is briefly argued for; in section 2 the possible
Mobilizing in borderline citizenship regimes . A comparative analysis of undocumented migrants ' collective actions

This article seeks to explain how and why groups and networks of undocumented migrants mobilizing in Berlin, Montreal and Paris since the beginning of the 2000s construct different types of claims. We explore the relationship between undocumented migrants and state authorities at the local level through the concept of the citizenship regime and its specific application to undocumented migrants (which we describe as the “borderline citizenship regime”). Despite their common formal exclusion from citizenship, non-status migrants experience different degrees and forms of exclusion in their daily lives, in terms of access to certain rights and services, recognition and belonging within the state (whether through formally or non-formally recognized means). As a result, they have an opportunity to create different, specific forms of leeway in the society in which they live. The concurrence of these different degrees of exclusion and different forms of leeway defines specific conditions of mobilization. We demonstrate how the content of their claims are influenced by these conditions of mobilization.
Found in Translation

This book seeks to explore how film adaptations of comic art are constructed and received. Through an analysis comparing different types of comic-to-film adaptations selected from a nearly comprehensive list, a set of adaptive operations was discovered based upon the narrative and stylistic relationships between film adaptations and comic art source materials. Depending upon which operations are used, adaptations may be classified as predominately structural or thematic. At one extreme there are structural adaptations that feature an almost precise correspondence of narrative events between comic source and film adaptation. At the other extreme, thematic adaptations have no relationship of narrative structure to the comic source being adapted, but retain key conflicts and characters. Having established this opposition, a second study was performed to determine the differential effect of reading and viewing a structural versus a thematic adaptation on the experience of telepresence – “the perceptual illusion of nonmediation” (Lombard & Ditton, 1997). Implications for telepresence theory and cultural transmission of experience are discussed.
Electronic Whiteboard in Hospitals: a systematic review

Objective: The present study aimed to review the literature on electronic whiteboards and identify the processes, techniques, methods, practices, tools and difficulties for the implementation of this new technology in hospitals. Methods: Systematic searches of relevant bibliographic databases identified studies about electronic whiteboards adoption by healthcare professionals. Two hundred forty nine (249) papers were collected, twenty seven (27) were selected for full reading. Results: Positive and negative effects on the use of the electronic whiteboard were diagnosed. This review allowed to highlight issues regarding design, technical concerns and how whiteboard system works. Conclusion: The knowledge obtained by the study of previous work allowed the identification of practices that could effectively promote the successful adoption of electronic whiteboards. Perception of the benefits was the most common facilitating factor, followed by the changes in the work performed in hospitals. Issues regarding familiarity with information e communication technologies were limiting factors identified.
Words on the screen: broadening analyses of interactions among fanfiction writers and reviewers

Young fanfiction writers use the Internet to build networks of reading, writing and editing – literacy practices that are highly valued in schools, universities and workplaces. While prior research shows that online spaces frame multiple kinds of participation as legitimate, much of this work focuses on the extensive contributions of exceptional young authors. In this paper, we foreground the contributions of fanfiction reviewers and focus on their interactions with writers, exploring their communicative literacy practices and hypothesising about how we can make their reading and writing more visible and more effectively consider their learning practices. To do so, we conducted a linguistic analysis of fanfiction review comments on two sites, FanFiction.net and Figment.com. While fanfiction readers provide writers with an authentic audience for their creative work, our findings indicate that the review comments that they leave generally do not offer specific feedback regarding the craft of writing. For this reason, we argue that teachers' expertise is still needed in the difficult task of developing young adults' composition, peer review and critique skills.
Graviton-Photon Scattering ∗

We use the feature that the gravitational Compton scattering amplitude factorizes in terms of Abelian QED amplitudes to evaluate various gravitational Compton processes. We examine both the QED and gravitational Compton scattering from a massive spin-1 system by the use of helicity amplitude methods. In the case of gravitational Compton scattering we show how the massless limit can be used to evaluate the cross section for graviton-photon scattering and discuss the difference between photon interactions and the zero mass spin-1 limit. We show that the forward scattering cross section for graviton photoproduction has a very peculiar behavior, differing from the standard Thomson and Rutherford cross sections for a Coulomb-like potential.
Integral field spectroscopy of selected areas of the Bright bar and Orion-S cloud in the Orion nebula

We present integral field spectroscopy of two selected zones in the Orion nebula obtained with the Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer, covering the optical spectral range from 3500 to 7200 A and with a spatial resolution of 1 arcsec. The observed zones are located on the prominent Bright bar and on the brightest area at the north-east of the Orion south cloud, both containing remarkable ionization fronts. We obtain maps of emission-line fluxes and ratios, electron density and temperatures, and chemical abundances. We study the ionization structure and morphology of both fields, whose ionization fronts show different inclination angles with respect to the plane of the sky. We find that the maps of electron density, O+/H+ and O/H ratios show a rather similar structure. We interpret this as produced by the strong dependence on density of the [O ii] lines used to derive the O+ abundance, and that our nominal values of electron density – derived from the [S ii] line ratio – may be slightly higher than the appropriate value for the O+ zone. We measure the faint recombination lines of O ii in the field at the north-east of the Orion south cloud, allowing us to explore the so-called abundance discrepancy problem. We find a rather constant abundance discrepancy across the field and a mean value similar to that determined in other areas of the Orion nebula, indicating that the particular physical conditions of this ionization front do not contribute to this discrepancy.
THE EFFECTS OF A MANIPULATED VIDEO GAME CONTEST ON MEN ’ S MATING

Men adjust their mating strategies according to personal attributes and environmental cues. Male contests seems to play an important role in determining the optimal strategy for an individual at a given time. In the present study, male college students were presented with an apparently fair competitive task in the form of the first-person shooter video game CounterStrike: Source. In fact, their opponent was a confederate who manipulated the game outcome. Measures are self-rated likelihood of winning physical fights against pictured males and preference for long-term and short-term relationships with pictured females. Unexpectedly, loss was found to increase self-reported likelihood of winning fights. Possible explanations are discussed.
Applied state-ofthe-action regarding PAC Rehabilitation quality-initiatives – A systems-based stakeholders ’ perspective 1

As initially framed in our set of objectives, the draw of further preliminary recommendations should be made over the actual state-of-the-action, complementing and enhancing its scope, as well as promoting a good fit and synergic action among the initiatives yet undertaken or being prepared with what we will preliminarily recommend to advance the system of PAC Rehabilitation quality-initiatives. Therefore, knowing and being updated of quality-initiatives applied to PAC Rehabilitation field remains as a critical starting-point for drawing future-oriented preliminary recommendations.
Physiological response of Vicia faba L. to inoculation with Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Comparative study for irrigation with Nile water and wastewater

Field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of Rhizobium (R), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation individually and in combination, on chlorophyll, soluble proteins, sugars, and indole acetic acid (IAA) contents, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of faba bean plant. The analyses of physiological parameters have been recorded as influenced by irrigation with Nile water (clear water) and wastewater (heavy metals polluted water). Heavy metals (HMs) comprising Mn and Cr were found to be higher than acceptable limits in wastewater used to irrigate crops around Bahr El-Baqar drainage canal (Abu-Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt). The highest content of chlorophyll, protein, soluble and insoluble sugars was observed with a combined R+AMF inoculant throughout the different stages of faba bean growth irrigated either with Nile water or wastewater. Regarding to IAA, the AMF inoculation (either alone or in combination with R) was generally more efficient in IAA induction than the R inoculation. Meanwhile, the latter inoculation was superior only in plants irrigated with Nile water at the vegetative stage and plants irrigated with wastewater at the fruiting stage. Reduced levels of both chlorophyll and soluble protein were recorded in plants irrigated with wastewater compared to those irrigated with Nile water. However, the activity of PPO was found to be higher in the plants irrigated with wastewater than those irrigated with Nile water. Results of mycorrhizal colonization and number of formed root nodules indicated that AMF and R have a notable tolerance to heavy metals polluted water. This study suggests that the co-inoculation with R+AMF could be used in alleviation of HMs toxicity to plants and revegetation on HMs-contaminated soils or wastewater-irrigated soils.
Perforated Jejunal Diverticulum Treated by Exteriorization in An Adult Patient with Alcoholic Psychosis: A Case Report

We herein describe a surgical case of perforated jejunal diverticulum in an adult patient with alcoholic psychosis and dementia. A 70-year-old Japanese male presented with vomiting and abdominal pain in a mental hospital. He had undergone a distal gastrectomy, the details of which are unclear. He entered the internal medicine ward of our hospital and was diagnosed with bowel obstruction and conservatively treated with a long tube. At the 4th hospital day, he suffered from severe abdominal pain with muscular defense. Computed tomography revealed a dilated small intestine and intra-abdominal free air and ascites. After laparotomy, a perforated jejunal diverticulum was identified at 30 cm along the anal side from the ligament of Treitz. Adhesiolysis and exteriorization of the perforated jejunal diverticulum using a tube were performed, as the status of the patient was too serious to tolerate resection of the small intestine including the perforated lesion. The patient eventually recovered and left the hospital on Day 37 after the operation. This report presents a rare surgical case of perforated jejunal diverticulum due to small bowel obstruction in an adult patient with alcoholic psychosis and dementia.
T RANSFORMATION IN A C HANGING C LIMATE : A R ESEARCH AGENDA

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HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION OF SOILS IN RESPONSE TO WASTEWATER IRRIGATION IN RAWALPINDI REGION

The study was conducted to evaluate the quality of effluents/ waste water samples from Rawalpindi region for irrigation purpose and to elucidate effects of their application on heavy metal contents in soils of area. Results indicated that the EC, SAR, RSC and TDS of most effluent/ waste water samples were above the critical limits. Cadmium and Cr were above the critical limits in almost all the effluent samples, whereas Ni was high in 14, Pb was high in 10, Cu was high in 5 and the Fe was high in 3 effluent samples as compared to critical limits. Regarding heavy metals contents of soils irrigated by these effluents/ waste water, total Fe, total Cd and total Ni were higher in almost all the sampled sites, whereas total Cr was high at 7 sampled sites. AB-DTPA extractable Fe and Zn were higher at all the sampled sites, while the extractable Cd was higher at 2 sampled sites. Overall, the effluent samples collected from Adiala showed high concentrations of heavy metals, whereas soils of Wah factory and Islamabad area had higher heavy metal contents (total & AB-DTPA extractable). On the basis of results it is concluded that quality of effluents/ waste water samples collected from different locations of Rawalpindi is not good for irrigation and the long term use of these effluents for crop production caused accumulation of some toxic metals in soils above critical limits which is harmful for soil health and may lead to elevated levels of heavy metals in crop plants.
Social and Economic Determinants of Divorce in Pakistan: A Case Study of Multan District

The objective of the study is to analyze the social and economic factors that affect divorce in Pakistan. The study collects cross sectional data of 1000 women respondents through simple random sampling technique from urban and rural areas of Multan district. On the basis of graphical analysis, the study concludes Education of Respondent, Arranged Marriage, Education of Husband, Income of Husband, Use of Drugs by Husband, Bata System, Age at Marriage, Husband Abuse and Son’s Wish as significant factors affecting divorce of women in Pakistan. Keywords: Cross Sectional Data, Multan District, Education, Drug Addiction, Age, Abuse, Son’s Wish, Income
Comparison between Four-Dimensional LETKF and Ensemble-Based Variational Data Assimilation with Observation Localization

In data assimilation for weather forecast, ensemble Kalman filter assumes linearity of the observation operator and Gaussianity of the probability distribution function (PDF) to explicitly solve the analysis. As a method avoiding errors based on these assumptions, we describe a four-dimensional ensemble-based variational method (4D-EnVAR) with observation localization. This formulation differs from that of the four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman filter (4D-LETKF) only in two points: (1) not assuming linearity of the observation operator and (2) calculating it globally. Using single-observation assimilation experiments and the observation system simulation experiments with a low-resolution atmospheric general circulation model, we demonstrate that 4D-EnVAR with observation localization has an advantage over 4D-LETKF because the observation operator is globally calculated in EnVAR. (Citation: Yokota, S., M. Kunii, K. Aonashi, and S. Origuchi, 2016: Comparison between four-dimensional LETKF and ensemble-based variational data assimilation with observation localization. SOLA, 12, 80−85, doi:10.2151/sola.2016-019.)
Behaviour of retrofitted reinforced concrete beams under combined bending and torsion : A numerical study

This paper presents the numerical study on unretrofitted and retrofitted reinforced concrete beams subjected to combined bending and torsion. Different ratios between twisting moment and bending moment are considered. The finite elements adopted by ANSYS are used for this study. For the purpose of validation of the finite element model developed, the numerical study is first carried out on the unretrofitted reinforced concrete beams that were experimentally tested and reported in the literature. Then the study has been extended for the same reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced plastic compos- ites with ±45 o and 0/90 o fiber orientations. The present study reveals that the CFRP composites with ±45 o fi- ber orientations are more effective in retrofitting the RC beams subjected to combined bending and torsion for higher torque to moment ratios.
International Report Practical realization of the definition of the metre (1997)

In 1983, at the time of the adoption of the present definition of the metre by the 17th Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures, the Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) drew up recommendations for the practical realization of the definition. These have formerly been referred to as the mise en pratique of the definition. It was understood that the practical realization would, from time to time, be updated to take account of new measurements and improvements in techniques of laser stabilization. In 1992 the CIPM, acting on the advice of the then Comité Consultatif pour la Définition du Mètre (CCDM), adopted a revision of the mise en pratique in its Recommendation 3 (CI-1992). The text was published in Metrologia (1993/94, 30, 523-541). In 1997, the CIPM again adopted a revised version of the practical realization of the definition of the metre in its Recommendation 1 (CI-1997). The text of this Recommendation is given here. * In addition, a revised list of recommended radiations, an appendix containing the source data used in estimating the wavelengths, frequencies and uncertainties of the recommended radiations, and an annotated bibliography are given. In adopting the revised practical realization, the CIPM acknowledged the considerable effort put into its preparation by the CCDM through its Working Group on the mise en pratique that included representatives of national metrology institutes and the BIPM. A significant part of the work was related to the estimation of the uncertainties of the values given in the list of
Interview transcription : conceptual issues , practical guidelines , and challenges

Background: Interviews are a common practice for gathering information in scientific studies. Although there is an extensive work about how to conduct and analyze an interview, transcription has usually remained a minor issue. Transcribing is the transformation of oral speech into a written and meaningful text that includes relevant information from the interview and that can be analyzed. Objectives: This article addresses and discusses the main conceptual and practical issues, as well as the main challenges involved in interview transcription, using an integrative approach. Main topics under analysis: What is the definition of transcription? Which types of transcripts exist? What content must be transcribed? How should an interview be transcribed? What special measures should be taken during a transcription? What are the main difficulties? Conclusion: Given the lack of universal protocols or rules for transcription, researchers should state their practices and decisions, which may influence data analysis.
Response of the mixed prairie to protection from grazing

The Mixed Prairie plant communities developed with the influences of fire and grazing. Available evidence suggests that removal of these disturbances could cause succession toward a more mesic type with the accumulation or litter or loss in productivity as nutrient turnover is delayed. Exclosures constructed in 1927 in a semiarid Mixed Prairie community provided an opportunity to examine the effects that protection had on vegetation and soils. Fifteen exclosures were selected for detailed examination; of these, 11 were located on Chernozemic soil and 4 on Solonetzic soil. We measured plant and soil variables both inside and outside the exclosures in a test of the hypothesis that protection from grazing will lead to a loss of production potential of the semi-arid. Mixed Prairie communities in the Northern Great Plains of southeastern Alberta. We found little evidence that 70 years of protection from large animal disturbance reduced the production potential of the plant communities. Conversely, most evidence suggested a neutral effect or an improvement as reflected in an increased cover of Pascopyrum smithii Rydb. (Love) (P = 0.049) and increased annual net primary production (P = 0.047). The effect of protection appeared largely driven by the accumulation of litter mass that primarily benefits soil and plant indices of quality on the Chernozemic soil type. Although protection tended to reduce species diversity (P = 0.097) among native plants on the Chernozemic soil type, evenness and richness were not affected (P > 0.10). The potential effect that reduced diversity might have on reducing production stability appears more than compensated for by increased litter mass. DOI:10.2458/azu_jrm_v55i3_willms
Valuation of growing stock using multisource GIS data, a stem quality database, and bucking simulation

Customer-oriented production as a sawmill strategy requires up-to-date information on the available raw material resources. Bucking is a process in which the tree stem is divided into products based on the roundwood user’s needs regarding products and their quality and dimensions. Optimization methods are employed in bucking to recover the highest value of the stem for a given product price matrix and requested length–diameter distribution. A method is presented here for assessing the value of harvestable timber stands based on their product yield. Airborne laser scanning, multispectral imagery, and field plots were used to produce timber statistics for a grid covering the target area. The statistics for the plots were generated from this grid. The value of the estimated tree list was assessed using a bucking-to-value simulator together with a stem quality database. Different product yield simulations in terms of volumes, timber assortment recoveries, wood paying capabilities (WPC) and value estimations based on the presented method, and extensive field measurements were compared. As a conclusion, this method can estimate WPC for pulpwood and sawlogs with root mean squared errors of 32.7% and 38.5%, respectively, relative to extensive field measurements.