Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grazer effects on prokaryotes and viruses in a freshwater microcosm experiment

We conducted a short-term course experiment using a size-fractionation approach to manipulate grazers and test for their effects on viral and prokaryotic standing stocks and activities and on prokaryotic community composition, as assessed by the FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisa- tion) method. Experimental samples were collected in the Sep Reservoir during severe P-limiting conditions. The presence of grazers in microcosms appeared to be a stimulating factor for prokaryotic growth and viral proliferation, likely through the related nutrient and substrate enrichments. About 60% of the total prokaryote abundance was detected by FISH, with a dominance of Eubacteria and beta-Proteobacteria throughout the experiment, i.e. in the presence and in the absence of grazers. The relative abundances of the minor phylotypes remained unchanged in the absence of grazers, but significantly increased with time when grazers were present, indicating a grazer-mediated reduction in resource competition in prokaryotic assemblages. However, grazer effects resulted in an appar- ently greater alteration of the bacterial size structure (i.e. the occurrence of large, grazing-resistant cells) than of the relative abundances of the phylotypes analysed. The main findings suggest that, at least on a short-term scale (i.e. ≤1 prokaryotic net generation time): (1) There is a synergy between grazer, prokaryotic and viral activities in oligotrophic conditions, through a cascading effect from grazer-mediated resource enrichment, with (2) a higher impact on the prokaryotic size structure than on the relative abundances of the major phylotypes, and (3) a significant acquisition of competitive advantages by the less adundant phylotypes. These findings are discussed in light of the recent 'phage kills winner' theory.
Reproducing the Kolmogorov spectrum of turbulence with a hierarchical linear cascade model

According to Richardson's cascade description of turbulence, large vortices break up to form smaller ones, thereby transferring kinetic energy towards smaller scales. Energy dissipation occurs at the smallest scales due to viscosity. We study this energy cascade in a phenomenological model of vortex breakdown. The model is a binary tree of decreasing masses connected by softening springs, with dampers acting on the lowest level. The masses and stiffnesses between levels change according to a power law. The different levels represent different scales, enabling the definition of "mass wavenumbers". The eigenvalue distribution of the model exhibits a devil's staircase self-similarity. The energy spectrum of the model (defined as the energy distribution among the different mass wavenumber) is derived in the asymptotic limit. A decimation procedure is applied to replace the model with an equivalent chain oscillator. We show that for a range of stiffness parameter the energy spectrum is qualitatively similar to the Kolmogorov spectrum of 3D homogeneous, isotropic turbulence and find the stiffness parameter for which the energy spectrum has the well-known -5/3 scaling exponent.
Protoplanetary disk evolution and stellar parameters of T Tauri binaries in Chamaeleon I

This study aims to determine the impact of stellar binary companions on the lifetime and evolution of circumstellar disks in the Chamaeleon I (Cha I) star-forming region by measuring the frequency and strength of accretion and circumstellar dust signatures around the individual components of T Tauri binary stars. We used high-angular resolution adaptive optics JHKL'-band photometry and 1.5-2.5mu spectroscopy of 19 visual binary and 7 triple stars in Cha I - including one newly discovered tertiary component - with separations between ~25 and ~1000au. The data allowed us to infer stellar component masses and ages and, from the detection of near-infrared excess emission and the strength of Brackett-gamma emission, the presence of ongoing accretion and hot circumstellar dust of the individual stellar component of each binary. Of all the stellar components in close binaries with separations of 25-100au, 10(+15-5)% show signs of accretion. This is less than half of the accretor fraction found in wider binaries, which itself appears significantly reduced (~44%) compared with previous measurements of single stars in Cha I. Hot dust was found around 50(+30-15)% of the target components, a value that is indistinguishable from that of Cha I single stars. Only the closest binaries (<25au) were inferred to have a significantly reduced fraction (<~25%) of components that harbor hot dust. Accretors were exclusively found in binary systems with unequal component masses M_secondary/M_primary < 0.8, implying that the detected accelerated disk dispersal is a function of mass-ratio. This agrees with the finding that only one accreting secondary star was found, which is also the weakest accretor in the sample. The results imply that disk dispersal is more accelerated the stronger the dynamical disk truncation, i.e., the smaller the inferred radius of the disk. (abridged)
Solving the Correspondence Problem in Haptic/Multisensory Interface Design

There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the use of haptic displays to augment human performance, and to provide an additional means of information transfer to interface operators whose visual and/or auditory modalities may be otherwise informationallyoverloaded (e.g., Gallace et al., 2007; Kaczmarek & Bach-y-Rita, 1995; Spence & Ho, 2008a; Yannier et al., 2008; Zlotnik, 1988). Over the last few years, researchers have investigated the use of tactile interfaces to provide assistance in a wide variety of settings including everything from vibrating belts to provide navigation support (Nagel et al., 2005) through to wrist watches that allow the user to tell the time by the pattern of vibration that they feel on their wrist (Toyssy et al., 2008). However, the more extravagant predictions made by early researchers regarding the potential uses of vibrotactile interfaces – that people would soon be monitoring the latest stock market figures via vibrating waist displays (see Geldard, 1974; Hennessy, 1966), and/or watching television using nothing more than a 20 by 20 array of vibrators on the back of their chairs (the so-called “tactile television”; Collins, 1970) – have, as yet, proved to be too far-fetched (even allowing for extensive practice to familiarize themselves with the devices concerned). The problem with the implementation of these predictions was that early researchers typically failed to account for the fundamental human limits on the processing of tactile information through artificial displays (e.g., see Gallace et al., 2007; Spence & Driver, 1997b, for reviews). Here, it is critical to note that humans are severely limited in their capacity to process information, and, if anything, the limits on the processing of tactile information seem to be far more restrictive than for visual or auditory modalities (see Spence & Gallace, 2007; Spence & Ho, 2008a). What is more, many vibrotactile interfaces were originally tested in the laboratory under conditions of unimodal sensory stimulation. In real-life environments, however, multiple senses are likely to be stimulated at the same time, and visual stimuli seem to have priority access to our attentional resources (Posner et al., 1976; Spence et al., 2001). Nevertheless, one area where there has been a lot of interest (and promise shown) in the last few years relates to the use of non-visual cues to facilitate people’s visual search performance. It is on this aspect of tactile and multisensory displays that this chapter will focus. 3
The Assessment of Skin-Related Qol in Individuals Dissatisfied with Their Skin: Factor Structure and Responsiveness of the Padua Skin-Related Qol Questionnaire

The current studies aimed at providing preliminary evidence about the factor structure, reliability, and responsiveness of the Padua Skin-Related QoL (PSRQ) questionnaire, an Italian self-report measure assessing skin-related Quality of Life (QoL) in people dissatisfied with their skin. The PSRQ was administered to 150 dermatological cosmetics consumers to test its factor structure and internal consistency. A further sample made up of 84 dermatological cosmetics consumers was then enrolled to evaluate the responsiveness of the PSRQ. Findings revealed the existence of 4 factors explaining the 54.8% of variance. Thirteen items of the original version were removed because they loaded on more than one factor or they had insufficient loadings; the final version of the PSRQ comprised 50 items, and internal consistency was excellent (.81 < αs < .95). As regards responsiveness, only the “Positive feelings and emotions” scale resulted to be sensitive to change: individuals in the Experimental group reported significantly higher scores, after using a basic cream, compared to individuals in the Waiting list condition. Current findings suggest that the PSRQ is a reliable measure capable of assessing multiple aspects of skin-related QoL in the target population. Further studies assessing its psychometric properties in different samples are recommended. * Corresponding author: Gioia Bottesi, Ph.D. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy. Telephone: +39 049 827 6256, Fax (shared): +39 049 827 6600. E-mail: gioia.bottesi@unipd.it.
Coronal Magnetic Fields

It is unfortunate that coronal magnetic fields cannot be easily measured, even in the case of the Sun. Except for a few measurements of magnetic fields in the transition region above sunspots, made using the conventional Zeeman effect, and except for the possibility of inferring the direction – not the intensity – of coronal magnetic fields using optical forbidden lines, direct measurements of coronal fields are virtually non-existent. The most promising method appears to be the use of the Hanle effect, i.e. the modification of polarization characteristics of spectral lines induced by magnetic fields. This method has been proposed for future space missions in solar physics, for instance for the European satellite SOHO, but its feasibility depends on the strength of the fields to be measured, which in any case must be higher than a few tens of Gauss.
Race and the Media: A Retrospective and Prospective Gaze

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, few Canadian studies documented representations of racial minority groups in the media (e.g., Indra, 1979, 1981; Karim & Sansom, 1991; Scanlon, 1977; Tator, 1990; Ungerlieder, 1991). Much of this work was activist-based and accessible only through journals and community media with an explicitly progressive mandate, including Currents, a publication of the Urban Alliance of Race Relations based in Toronto, and the various publications of the Committee for Racial Justice based in Vancouver (e.g., Ginzberg, 1986; Khaki & Prasad, 1988; Mouammar, 1986; Tator, 1983, 1984). The federal government had issued its guidelines concerning the representation of minorities in government publications, and a government task force had examined the issue and made recommendations pertaining to all Canadian media (Canada, House of Commons, 1984; Canada, Secretary of State, 1988). Since then, there has been a proliferation of studies examining issues of racial representations in the Canadian media. Minelle Mahtani’s (2001) review of the literature in the area succinctly summarizes the major studies and relevant findings. Yet unlike in the 1990s, contemporary research is not as grounded in community activism nor explicitly linked to advocacy and social movements. Nevertheless, some of the issues that have been charted in contemporary media studies do tackle problems concerning racial minority representations from a political perspective—a perspective that to a certain extent is rooted in the growing concern over the media concentration that currently characterizes the Canadian media landscape and limits the exposure of subjugated and alternative discourses (Hackett, Gruneau, Gutstein, Gibson, & NewsWatch Canada, 2000; Winter, 1997, 2002). One could argue that contemporary representations of minority groups have also shifted in keeping with the emergence of “modern” or “new” racism (Entman, 1990; Gilroy, 1991). Thus, contemporary racism has itself evolved into a more sophisticated form that can only be deciphered by referring to the inferential bases of the propositions being advanced. Stuart Hall calls this “inferential racism,” which he describes as “those apparently naturalized representations of events and situations relating to race, whether ‘factual’ or ‘fictional,’ which have racist premises and propositions inscribed in them as a set of unquestioned
Explosive events in active region observed by IRIS and SST/CRISP

Transition-region explosive events (EEs) are characterized by non-Gaussian line profiles with enhanced wings at Doppler velocities of 50–150 km s−1. They are believed to be the signature of solar phenomena that are one of the main contributors to coronal heating. The aim of this study is to investigate the link of EEs to dynamic phenomena in the transition region and chromosphere in an active region. We analyse observations simultaneously taken by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) in the Si iv 1394 A line and the slit-jaw (SJ) 1400 A images, and the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope in the Hα line. In total 24 events were found. They are associated with small-scale loop brightenings in SJ 1400 A images. Only four events show a counterpart in the Hα−35 km s−1 and Hα+35 km s−1 images. Two of them represent brightenings in the conjunction region of several loops that are also related to a bright region (granular lane) in the Hα−35 km s−1 and Hα+35 km s−1 images. 16 are general loop brightenings that do not show any discernible response in the Hα images. Six EEs appear as propagating loop brightenings, from which two are associated with dark jet-like features clearly seen in the Hα−35 km s−1 images. We found that chromospheric events with jet-like appearance seen in the wings of the Hα line can trigger EEs in the transition region and in this case the IRIS Si iv 1394 A line profiles are seeded with absorption components resulting from Fe ii and Ni ii. Our study indicates that EEs occurring in active regions have mostly upper-chromosphere/transition-region origin. We suggest that magnetic reconnection resulting from the braidings of small-scale transition region loops is one of the possible mechanisms of energy release that are responsible for the EEs reported in this paper.
Money Aspirations About Living Well: Middle School Student Perceptions

Adolescent aspirations associated with perceptions of “living well” were qualitatively evaluated based on 187 middle school student responses. Using grounded theory methodology, 976 words and phrases were coded and grouped; 41.9% were extrinsic, 36.3% were intrinsic, and 21.8% of the passages were merely descriptive. Extrinsic coded words and phrases emphasized things they would own or purchase; intrinsic coded words emphasized how they would live or who they would become. Extrinsic middle school aspirations were highly status laden, clearly linking expensive and exclusive possessions with self-image and identity. Intrinsic aspirations were characterized by major themes of growth and relatedness emphasizing positive family relationships and the development of skills and personal qualities. Implications for financial education are discussed.
Incorporation mechanisms of Ta and Nb in zircon and implications for pegmatitic systems

Abstract To investigate the processes that control Ta incorporation in zircon, two types of synthesis experiments were performed: (1) crystallization of zircon from an Li-Mo flux at 1 atm, and (2) crystallization of zircon (with or without coexisting tantalite) from a highly fluxed pegmatitic melt at 200 MPa and nearly water-saturated conditions. The first type of experiment is used to identify the influence of various doping elements (Hf, P, Al, and Mn) on Ta incorporation in zircon. These experiments reveal that P hinders the incorporation of Ta, whereas Al enhances Ta incorporation via charge balancing, and that Ta can be incorporated in the absence of any other doping element via the creation of vacancies in the zircon structure. Hafnium does not affect significantly Ta incorporation. Manganese and lithium do not enter the structure of zircon, except in the presence of P. Experiments with Nb show that the concentration of this element in zircon is nearly one order of magnitude lower than Ta (for similar Ta and Nb concentrations in the flux). The second type of experiments show how Ta is incorporated in zircon in natural granite and pegmatite systems. In those systems, P and Al have elevated concentrations, and P is preferentially incorporated in zircon via Al substitution to maintain charge balance. Below a P/Ta atomic ratio of ~10 in the melt, Ta competes with P for Al, and P is involved in a coupled substitution with Mn for charge balancing. Concentrations up to 3.7 wt% Ta2O5 (0.03 apfu calculated to four atoms of oxygen) were measured in these zircon samples. The partition coefficients of Ta between melt and zircon are around 1 at 800-900 °C at conditions close to tantalite saturation. These results show that zircon incorporates significant amounts of Ta from the melt in P-poor peraluminous granites with a P/Ta atomic ratio lower than -10, which may ultimately affect the precipitation of Ta minerals. Such interactions between cations both in melts and in mineral structures are important to constrain in order to understand raremetal enrichment in granitic systems.
Temporal experiences of persistent pain. Patients' narratives from meetings with health care providers

This article is based on a study of 20 adults with persistent non-malignant pain histories lasting from three to more than 30 years. A narrative approach was used to investigate how the participants experienced their daily life with persistent pain. Data were collected by in-depth interviews, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The study revealed disjunctions in the participants' lives between the temporal structure of pain experience, and the common, social time. The results were, first, the temporal unpredictability of the informants' pain experience, which constituted an obstacle to communicating the pain; second, the importance in health care provision of the patients' pain history. Pain invaded the participants' lives insidiously, and forced their consciousness episodically away from the common world. This temporal "confinement" caused problems of relating their pain experiences in objective time. The participants used narratives, metaphors, and emphatic expressions. When health care providers focussed on the here-and-now situation, the unpredictable though long-term character of the pain was disregarded. Several participants told of disappointing meetings with professionals, and of ineffective treatments. The importance of telling the whole pain history was emphasized. Through exploring and explicating their experiences in narratives, some participants expressed that their temporal perspective was being extending to future possibilities. The article concludes that professionals should give attention to the temporal development of pain, by listening with empathy and imagination to gain an understanding of how their patients' lives have evolved. When patients are given time to "tell the whole story", the professionals and the patients may develop and share a temporally continuous perspective that spans past, present and future. Key words: Persistent pain, temporality, narrative methods, subjective time, objective time, meetings between health care providers and pain patients
Two Episodes of Magnetic Reconnections during a Confined Circular-ribbon Flare

We analyze a unique event with an M1.8 confined circular-ribbon flare on 2016 February 13, with successive formations of two circular ribbons at the same location. The flare had two distinct phases of UV and extreme ultraviolet emissions with an interval of about 270 s, of which the second peak was energetically more important. The first episode was accompanied by the eruption of a mini-filament and the fast elongation motion of a thin circular ribbon (CR1) along the counterclockwise direction at a speed of about 220 km s−1. Two elongated spine-related ribbons were also observed, with the inner ribbon co-temporal with CR1 and the remote brightenings forming ∼20 s later. In the second episode, another mini-filament erupted and formed a blowout jet. The second circular ribbon and two spine-related ribbons showed similar elongation motions with that during the first episode. The extrapolated three-dimensional coronal magnetic fields reveal the existence of a fan-spine topology, together with a quasi-separatrix layer (QSL) halo surrounding the fan plane and another QSL structure outlining the inner spine. We suggest that continuous null-point reconnection between the filament and ambient open field occurs in each episode, leading to the sequential opening of the filament and significant shifts of the fan plane footprint. For the first time, we propose a compound eruption model of circular-ribbon flares consisting of two sets of successively formed ribbons and eruptions of multiple filaments in a fan-spine-type magnetic configuration.
The Effects of Culture of Muslim Students on Their Reading Comprehension

This research studies whether cultural schema has an influence on reading comprehension and whether using a set of reading activities make up for the lack of cultural familiarity. 80 Turkish/Persian language students of pre-university participated in the cross-cultural study.Post-Hoc Scheffe and one-way ANOVA test were used in the study. We found that the Turkish language groups recalled the material dealing with their own cultural background better and more overall than their counterparts, i.e. the cultural-specific schema embodied in the English version of the Turkish short story "Aal" by Mohammad BahmanBeigi contributed to the Turkish language participants to have significantly better understanding of the text, while both groups were reading in their foreign language, and the use of activities facilitated for better literal understanding of the text. This way, it emphasizes a strong impact of cultural familiarity on comprehension.
Study in the approach prediction ability of the euler pdf transport by different models of turbulence

The main objective of this study is the evaluation of the numerical capacity of the RANS-EPDF hybrid method, by comparing different turbulence models, with numerical simulations in a turbulent jet flame (hydrogen / air), using the method of Eulerian multi-environment transport to model the turbulence-chemistry interaction. And predict take-off height, flame ignition and extinction, as well as kinetic control of NOX species. The study was applied with three turbulence models, the modified k-ε, k-ε and the RSM. Numerical results are compared and discussed with experimental data. It was concluded that predictions of the modified k-ε model are more credible than other turbulence models and favor more impact on the optimization of computational methods.