Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eccentric exercise induces delayed onset muscle soreness without signs of exercise induced muscle damage in a single human subject

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a commonly researched phenomenon following eccentric exercise. Even so, the underlying physiological causes of DOMS remain unclear. One hypothesis suggests that lengthening contractions cause microscopic muscle damage that in turn causes DOMS. This hypothesis has been the basis of a new term for the set of symptoms following intense unaccustomed eccentric exercise: exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, the association between muscle damage and DOMS has been doubted by some, and correlations between DOMS and other measures of damage have been weak. The present study employed an exercise protocol that compared eccentric and concentric contractions of the quadriceps of separate legs in the same participant. Perceived pain, isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, and T2 relaxation times for the quadriceps were measured before, following, 24 hours after, and 48 hours after exercise. A 60% increase in perceived pain 24 hours following exercise was observed in the eccentric leg only, indicating unilateral DOMS. MVC torque decreased ~15% in both legs, and T2 relaxation times increased ~8% in both legs; these changes may indicate that damage was not present or that minor muscle damage was present bilaterally. Because DOMS was only experienced unilaterally, while any evidence of possible damage was observed bilaterally, it is concluded that muscle damage was not the physiological cause of DOMS in the participant. Because the present study is a single case, future research is necessary to confirm these findings and extend the conclusions to DOMS in general.
The Rate-Distortion Function and Excess-Distortion Exponent of Sparse Regression Codes With Optimal Encoding

This paper studies the performance of sparse regression codes for lossy compression with the squared-error distortion criterion. In a sparse regression code, code words are linear combinations of subsets of columns of a design matrix. It is shown that with minimum-distance encoding, sparse regression codes achieve the Shannon rate-distortion function for i.i. d. Gaussian sources <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{*}(D)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as well as the optimal excess-distortion exponent. This completes a previous result which showed that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{*}(D)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the optimal exponent were achievable for distortions below a certain threshold. The proof of the rate-distortion result is based on the second moment method, a popular technique to show that a non-negative random variable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is strictly positive with high probability. In our context, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of code words within target distortion <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the source sequence. We first identify the reason behind the failure of the standard second moment method for certain distortions, and illustrate the different failure modes via a stylized example. We then use a refinement of the second moment method to show that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{*}(D)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is achievable for all distortion values. Finally, the refinement technique is applied to Suen’s correlation inequality to prove the achievability of the optimal Gaussian excess-distortion exponent.
Immunoproteomics of Helicobacter pylori infection and relation to gastric disease

The Gram negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen which infects the gastric mucosa and causes an inflammatory process leading to gastritis, ulceration and cancer. A systematic, proteome based approach was chosen to detect candidate antigens of H. pylori for diagnosis, therapy and vaccine development and to investigate potential associations between specific immune responses and manifestations of disease. Sera from patients with active H. pylori infection (n = 24), a control group with unrelated gastric disorders (n = 12) and from patients with gastric cancer (n = 6) were collected and analyzed for the reactivity against proteins of the strain HP 26695 separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Overall, 310 antigenic protein species were recognized by H. pylori positive sera representing about 17% of all spots separated. Out of the 32 antigens most frequently recognized by H. pylori positive sera, nine were newly identified and 23 were confirmed from other studies. Three newly identified antigens which belong to the 150 most abundant protein species of H. pylori, were specifically recognized by H. pylori positive sera: the predicted coding region HP0231, serine protease HtrA (HP1019) and Cag3 (HP0522). Other antigens were recognized differently by sera from gastritis and ulcer patients, which may identify them as candidate indicators for clinical manifestations. The data from these immunoproteomic analyses are added to our public database (http://www.mpiib‐berlin.mpg.de/2D‐PAGE). This platform enables one to compile many protein profiles and to integrate data from other studies, an approach which will greatly assist the search for more immunogenic proteins for diagnostic assays and vaccine design.
Growth Performance , Feed Conversion Ratio and Survival of African Catfish , Clarias gariepinus ( Burchell , 1822 ) In Response to Varying Levels of Crude Protein

Original Research Article The study evaluated the effect of varying crude protein (CP) levels on the survival and growth performance of Clarias gariepinus reared in in hapas in earthen pond. The fish were stocked at the rate of 70 per 2 m by 2 m hapa net (0.5 mm mesh size) and fed on diets formulated from soybean, Caridina nilotica (Lake Victoria shrimps), cotton seedcake and wheat pollard. Vitamins and mineral supplements were incorporated at 1% each. Three groups of formulated diets of 35%, 30%, 25% CP and a commercial diet (28% CP control diet) with three replicates each, were fed to C. gariepinus with initial average weight of 3.0 ± 0.001 g and total length of 20 mm at an initial stocking density of 70 fish in a 2 m by 2 m hapa net. The hapas were placed in a 200 m 2 earthen pond. The study was evaluated in terms of the growth performance of weight, length, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and survival rates of Clarias gariepinus when fed on varying CP diets. The data showed that C. gariepinus fed on locally formulated diets had a higher growth performance in respect to weight gain, length gain, FCR, FCE than those fed on commercial diet. Further, the survival of C. gariepinus fed on locally formulated feeds was comparatively higher than for those fed commercial feed. Of note, growth performance and survival of fish fed on 35% CP was the highest. These results demonstrated that C. gariepinus fed on locally formulated diets, especially 35% CP, exhibited higher growth performance in terms of the parameters above compared to those fed on commercial feed. Thus, locally formulated feed with about 35-25% CP could potentially be adopted as an alternative replacement to the commercial feed in C. gariepinus farming.
Operational Performance of Bean Seeder-Tractor Set in Tillage Systems and Speed Steps

The objective of this work was to evaluate the operational performance of the tractor-bean seeder set considering two tillage systems and two speed steps. The testing was conducted in the experimental Agronomy-Airport Area of the Federal University of Viçosa, located in Viçosa-MG. Two land cultivation systems were introduced: conventional and minimum into a subdivided plots experimental design with two tractor working gears and four replications, totaling 16 experimental plots. The emergence speed index of the plants, the fuel consumption per hour and hectare, force and traction power and consumed energy in MJ·ha, in the seeding operation were determined. Processing the results by using an analysis of variance in the software Statistics SPSS 21, did not report significant differences in the emergence speed index of the plants by tillage system and allowed to recommend the use of B1 gear for offering lower power and energy consumption (MJ·ha). Fuel consumption per hectare, force and traction power and energy consumption (MJ·ha) significantly differed in the two tillage systems, being lower for minimum tillage. The conventional tillage system was the largest consumer of energy.
Hexapod decomposers of Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil: an area with high potential for conservation of Caatinga biodiversity

In detritus-based trophic systems, springtails, dung beetles, saprophagous calyptrate flies and termites consume and fragment organic matter and control populations of decomposer microorganisms, exerting a strong influence on energy and nutrient fluxes. A faunal inventory of these four groups of hexapods was performed in Serra de Santa Catarina (SSC), an area of arboreal-shrub caatinga located in the state of Paraíba, with the purpose of characterizing the assemblages of these taxa, and highlighting their unique links to the local ecosystem. Samplings were performed in May, 2014, and April, 2015, both during the rainy season. Standard sampling protocols for biodiversity inventory of the various taxa were used, including both active and passive sampling methods. In general, 114 species of hexapods were captured, with 26 species of springtails, 20 dung beetles, 30 saprophagous calyptrate flies and 38 termites, with sampling sufficiency varying from 69.5 to 96.8% of total estimated richness. Species richness of the groups are among the highest recorded for a single area of Caatinga, with some taxa being recorded for the first time for the domain. Several morphospecies had indeterminate taxonomic status, especially springtails and termites, and are quite likely new species to science. The structure of the assemblages of springtails, dung beetles, saprophagous calyptrate flies and termites recorded in SSC, suggest that this conserved area is unique within the highly impacted landscape of Caatinga, and has great potential for the conservation of biodiversity of this domain in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
Rab27a Regulates Exocytosis of Tertiary and Specific Granules in Human Neutrophils1

The correct mobilization of cytoplasmic granules is essential for the proper functioning of human neutrophils in host defense and inflammation. In this study, we have found that human peripheral blood neutrophils expressed high levels of Rab27a, whereas Rab27b expression was much lower. This indicates that Rab27a is the predominant Rab27 isoform present in human neutrophils. Rab27a was up-regulated during neutrophil differentiation of HL-60 cells. Subcellular fractionation and immunoelectron microscopy studies of resting human neutrophils showed that Rab27a was mainly located in the membranes of specific and gelatinase-enriched tertiary granules, with a minor localization in azurophil granules. Rab27a was largely absent from CD35-enriched secretory vesicles. Tertiary and specific granule-located Rab27a population was translocated to the cell surface upon neutrophil activation with PMA that induced exocytosis of both tertiary and specific granules. Specific Abs against Rab27a inhibited Ca2+ and GTP-γ-S activation and PMA-induced exocytosis of CD66b-enriched tertiary and specific granules in electropermeabilized neutrophils, whereas secretion of CD63-enriched azurophil granules was scarcely affected. Human neutrophils lacked or expressed low levels of most Slp/Slac2 proteins, putative Rab27 effectors, suggesting that additional proteins should act as Rab27a effectors in human neutrophils. Our data indicate that Rab27a is a major component of the exocytic machinery of human neutrophils, modulating the secretion of tertiary and specific granules that are readily mobilized upon neutrophil activation.
Strategies for Submandibular Gland Management in Rhytidectomy

Submandibular gland excision is a described, yet less commonly used technique in operative neck rejuvenation, because of the misconception that this technique carries too high a risk for its potential benefit. The following is a detailed description of the key anatomy regarding the glands and surrounding structures, the senior surgeon’s technique, and an assessment of ten years of outcomes and complications.
An integrated theory of global advertising An application of the GMS theory

Although there has been an increasing interest In global advertising research, the literature suffers from the lack of a broad theoretical foundation that could guide conceptualisation and theory' development in global advertising research. In this paper, the authors contend that the GMS theory developed by Zou and Cavusgil (2(K)2) can serve as a broad theoretical foundation for global advertising research. The ( J M S theory is described, and used to develop a nevvconceptualisation of global advertising and prop<jse a theoretical framework of global advertising. The implications of the framework for future research are also discussed.
Comparison of free-living and particle-associated bacterial communities in the chesapeake bay by stable low-molecular-weight RNA analysis

Free-living and particle-associated bacterial communities in the Chesapeake Bay estuary were analyzed and compared by using acridine orange direct counts and low-molecular-weight (LMW) RNA analysis. Samples were taken from top and bottom waters at upper- and mid-bay sites in December 1992. Free-living bacteria dominated the bacterial numbers at all sampling sites, although particle-associated bacteria increased in areas with greater particle loads. LMW RNAs (5S rRNA and tRNA) obtained directly from free-living, particle-associated, and total bacterioplankton communities were analyzed by high-resolution electrophoresis. There were distinct differences in the migration distances between LMW RNAs of free-living and particle-associated communities taken from the same site, indicating that the two communities differ in composition. In addition, LMW RNA profiles differed minimally with depth for all of the communities examined, presumably because of vertical mixing. 5S rRNAs of free-living communities from the upper- and mid-bay regions differed considerably. Particle-associated RNAs, on the other hand, were very similar, suggesting consistent environmental conditions on particles that select for similar community members. Lastly, several isolated bacteria had 5S rRNAs that were not detected in their respective extracted community 5S rRNAs, indicating that these isolated organisms were not representative of dominant members.
1H, 13C, and 15N NMR backbone assignments and secondary structure of human interferon-gamma.

1H, 13C, and 15N NMR assignments of the protein backbone of human interferon-gamma, a homodimer of 31.4 kDa, have been made using the recently introduced three-dimensional (3D) triple-resonance NMR techniques. It is shown that, despite the approximately 40-50-Hz 13C alpha and 1H alpha line widths of this high molecular weight dimer and the extensive overlap in the 1H alpha and 13C alpha spectral regions, unique sequential assignments can be made on the basis of combined use of the 3D HNCO, HNCA, HN(CO)CA, and HCACO constant-time experiments, the 15N-separated 3D NOESY-HMQC, and the 3D HOHAHA-HMQC experiments. Analysis of the 15N-separated 3D NOESY-HMQC and 13C/15N-separated four-dimensional (4D) NOESY-HMQC spectra together with the secondary C alpha and C beta chemical shifts yielded extensive secondary structure information. The NMR-derived secondary structure essentially confirms results of a recently published low-resolution crystal structure [Ealick et al. (1991) Science 252, 698-702], i.e., six helices in the monomer which are mostly alpha-helical in nature, no beta-sheets, a long flexible loop between helices A and B, and a very hydrophobic helix C. The functionally important carboxy terminus, which was not observed in the X-ray study, does not adopt a rigid conformation in solution. A high degree of internal mobility, starting at Pro-123, gives rise to significantly narrower resonance line widths for these carboxy-terminal residues compared to the rest of the protein.
Climatology of Aerosol Optical Properties at Storm Peak Laboratory

Aerosols create large uncertainty in the planetary energy balance due to both direct and indirect radiative forcing. Understanding aerosol seasonal patterns is essential for accurate climate change prediction, but mountain regions are often difficult for climate models to resolve. Therefore, long-term observations collected at high elevations are particularly useful. In-situ surface aerosol optical measurements were analyzed for the years 2011–2016 at a mountain site located in western Colorado and tied to potential sources based on relationships among the aerosol properties. The peak values for the scattering and absorption coefficients were observed during the summer, suggesting greater aerosol loading (likely due to wildfires), whereas the lowest values were observed during the winter, indicating cleaner conditions (due to less influence from the boundary layer). The scattering Angstrom exponent, a property that provides information about size distributions, revealed the predominance of coarse-mode particles during the spring, which is consistent with the presence of dust. The aerosols observed during the summer, however, were mostly composed of fine-mode particles. This increase in the fine fraction points to combustion, likely wildfires during the dry season (Hallar, 2015), as a source, which is further supported by the absorption Angstrom exponent dropping to its lowest value (close to 1) during the summer after exhibiting a slightly higher value (~1.3) during the spring. Schmeisser et al. (2017) suggests that, for in-situ aerosol, absorption Angstrom exponents larger than 1.5 may be indicative of dust if they are associated with low (< 1.3) scattering Angstrom exponents. The increase in combustion aerosols during the summer accompanied by high values for the single scattering albedo suggests that these aerosols underwent processing in the atmosphere before reaching Storm Peak Laboratory. These results are important for improving visibility and predicting future aerosol concentrations in the western U.S.
Performance and Mechanism of Alkali-Activated Complex Binders of High-Ca Fly Ash and Other Ca-Bearing Materials

Industrialization leads to the generation and release of large quantity of wastes into the environment. Processes that maximum utilization of wastes, as products, and minimize pollution in the environment are greatly needed. Complex binders were created from high-Ca fly ash and other Ca-bearing materials activated by sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution. Hardened binders made only from high-Ca fly ash (CFA100%), fly ash with 40 wt% cement (CFA-C40%), fly ash with 10 wt% flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum (CFA-G10%), and fly ash with 10 wt% water treatment residual (CFAWTR10%) had better mechanical performance compared to the binders using other mix ratios. Most of the synthesized products were non-crystalline as X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a broad diffuse halo. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), asymmetric stretching of Al-O and Si-O bonds and Si-O-Si bending bands appeared as the main peaks. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of the CFA100%, CFA-C40%, CFA-G10%, and CFAWTR10% specimens also showed amorphous synthesis products were formed around the spherical fly ash particles. Further analysis using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) indicated the main products of the CFA100%, CFA-G10%, and CFA-WTR10% specimens were geopolymeric gels. In the CFA100% and CFA-C40% specimens, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel and geopolymeric gel were formed simultaneously. The binding properties of the amorphous alkali aluminosilicate geopolymer gel and C-S-H gel contribute to the mechanical strength reaching 80.0 MPa (i.e. 11,600 psi) of the complex binders. In conclusion, utilization of high-Ca fly ash and other Ca-bearing materials in alkali-activated complex binders is feasible. Additionally, compared to Portland cement, producing alkali-activated complex binders can also reduce the use of mined raw materials and energy, and also reduce the release of greenhouse gases. These materials can be widely utilized in various applications such as in building 2009 World of Coal Ash (WOCA) Conference May 4-7, 2009 in Lexington, KY, USA http://www.flyash. info/
Macroautophagy is deregulated in murine and human lupus T lymphocytes

Macroautophagy was recently shown to regulate both lymphocyte biology and innate immunity. In this study we sought to determine whether a deregulation of autophagy was linked to the development of autoimmunity. Genome-wide association studies have pointed out nucleotide polymorphisms that can be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, but the potential role of autophagy in the initiation and/or development of this syndrome is still unknown. Here, we provide first clues of macroautophagy deregulation in lupus. By the use of LC3 conversion assays and electron microscopy experiments, we observed that T cells from two distinct lupus-prone mouse models, i.e., MRLlpr/lpr and (NZB/NZW)F1, exhibit high loads of autophagic compartments compared with nonpathologic control CBA/J and BALB/c mice. Unlike normal mice, autophagy increases with age in murine lupus. In vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation in CBA/J control mice efficiently activates T lymphocytes but fails to upregulate formation of autophagic compartments in these cells. This argues against a deregulation of autophagy in lupus T cells solely resulting from an acute inflammation injury. Autophagic vacuoles quantified by electron microscopy are also found to be significantly more frequent in T cells from lupus patients compared with healthy controls and patients with non-lupus autoimmune diseases. This elevated number of autophagic structures is not distributed homogeneously and appears to be more pronounced in certain T cells. These results suggest that autophagy could regulate the survival of autoreactive T cell during lupus, and could thus lead to design new therapeutic options for lupus.
A multicenter, randomized, vehicle-controlled clinical study to examine the efficacy and safety of MAS063DP (Atopiclair) in the management of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in adults.

BACKGROUND MAS063DP cream has received marketing authorization in the US and the European Union for symptom relief of atopic dermatitis (eczema) and contact dermatitis. DESIGN A multicenter, randomized, vehicle-controlled, phase IV study was completed in the US. METHODS 218 patients aged 18 to 84 years joined this 50-day study. Patients self-administered MAS063DP cream (N=145) or vehicle cream (N=73) 3 times per day to affected areas and those areas prone to be affected. The primary endpoint for efficacy was the change in EASI at Day 22 of treatment, comparing the 2 treatment groups. Secondary outcomes included EASI scores at other time points, IGA, pruritus (100mm VAS), % BSA, and the need for rescue medication. RESULTS MAS063DP was statistically (p<.0001) more effective than vehicle in all outcomes at all time points. The incidence of rash was 2.1% in the MAS063DP group versus 5.5% in the vehicle group. Only 2 patients discontinued MAS063DP due to an adverse event. CONCLUSION MAS063DP cream was confirmed to be a safe and effective treatment for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in adults.