Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevated expression of the estrogen receptor prevents the down‐regulation of p21Waf1/Cip1 in hormone dependent breast cancer cells

Expression of an estrogen receptor α (ER) transgene in hormone independent breast cancer and normal breast epithelial cells arrests cell cycling when estradiol is added. Although endogenously expressed ER does not typically affect estradiol‐induced cell cycling of hormone dependent breast cancer cells, we observed that elevated expression of a green fluorescent protein fused to ER (GFP‐ER) hindered entry of estrogen treated MCF‐7 cells into S phase of the cell cycle. In analyses of key cell‐cycle regulating proteins, we observed that GFP‐ER expression had no affect on the protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E, or p27, a cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor. However, at 24 h, p21 (Waf1, Cip1; a Cdk2 inhibitor) protein remained elevated in the high GFP‐ER expressing cells but not in non‐GFP‐ER expressing cells. Elevated expression of p21 inhibited Cdk2 activity, preventing cells from entering S phase. The results show that elevated levels of ER prevented the down‐regulation of p21 protein expression, which is required for hormone responsive cells to enter S phase. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Full-wave characterization of high-T/sub c/ superconducting transmission lines

A full-wave numerical analysis is applied to accurately characterize superconducting transmission lines embedded in a layered dielectric medium. A volume integral equation formulation is developed by using a spectral domain dyadic Green's function for stratified media. Galerkin's method with rooftop basis functions for the electric field distribution inside the superconductor is then employed to solve the complex propagation constant. The thickness of the superconducting film is arbitrary in this analysis, and the formulation rigorously accounts for the anisotropy of the superconducting film. The propagation characteristics of a superconducting microstrip transmission line with a thin dielectric buffer layer are investigated. A superconducting stripline configuration with an air gap is also studied. <<ETX>>
Intramuscular pressure changes during contraction in relation to muscle spindles.

Pressure changes induced by stretch or contraction of the tennuissimus and calf muscles of the cat were studied in relation to postulated mechanism for pressure activation of muscle spindles. Pressure was monitored through tubing filled with low-viscosity silicone oil connecting a hypodermic needle tip to a low-volume displacement transducer. Distribution of changes was detected by moving the needle to different sites in the muscle. Both stretch and total contraction produced essentially uniform pressure increases throughout the muscle. In fractional contractions, including those of single motor units, the center of contraction was marked by strong increases in pressure and the peripheral zones by weaker biphasic and negative changes. Over much of the muscle no change was detectable during contraction of a motor unit. In general the strongest gradient of pressure change seemed directed perpendicular to the axis of the contracting unit. It was concluded that conditions favoring the operation of a pressure mechanism in the spindle might exist in subtotal, but not in total contraction of the muscle.
Methodological Aspects and Relevance of the Study of Vegetable Oil, Fat and Lipoprotein Oxidation Using Pancreatic Lipase and Arylesterase

Summary Fats and oils as major dietary components are involved in the development of chronic diseases. In this paper the physiological relevance and some methodological aspects related to the determination of two enzymes enrolled in metabolism of fat – pancreatic lipase and arylesterase – are discussed. Pancreatic lipase has been extensively used to study the triacylglycerol fatty acid composition and the in vitro digestion of oils and fats. The action of this enzyme may be coupled to analytical methods as GC, HPLC, HPSEC, TLC-FID, etc. as a useful tool for understanding the composition and digestion of thermal oxidized oils. Pancreatic lipase hydrolysis occurs in the water/oil interface, and it presents a behaviour that seems to be Michaelian, in which the apparent Km and the apparent Vmax of the enzymatic process depend more on the type of oil tested than on the degree of alteration. The kinetic behaviour of pancreatic lipase towards thermally oxidized oils also depends on the presence of natural tensioactive compounds present in the oil and surfactants formed during the frying. Arylesterase is an HDL binding enzyme that inhibits LDL oxidation. Low serum concentration of this enzyme has been related to increased cardiovascular disease risk. In this paper the most widely used methods for the determination of arylesterase activity are commented on. The importance of intrinsic factors (e.g. substrates, cofactors) participating in the enzyme reaction is also discussed. Moreover, several suggestions about further researches on the influence of extrinsic factors (e.g. diet, oxidative stress) upon the enzyme activity are proposed.
Equivalence principle for optimization of sparse versus low‐spread representations for signal estimation in noise

Estimation of a sparse signal representation, one with the minimum number of nonzero components, is hard. In this paper, we show that for a nontrivial set of the input data the corresponding optimization problem is equivalent to and can be solved by an algorithm devised for a simpler optimization problem. The simpler optimization problem corresponds to estimation of signals under a low‐spread constraint. The goal of the two optimization problems is to minimize the Euclidian norm of the linear approximation error with an lp penalty on the coefficients, for p = 0 (sparse) and p = 1 (low‐spread), respectively. The l0 problem is hard, whereas the l1 problem can be solved efficiently by an iterative algorithm. Here we precisely define the l0 optimization problem, construct an associated l1 optimization problem, and show that for a set with open interior of the input data the optimizers of the two optimization problems have the same support. The associated l1 optimization problem is used to find the support of the l0 optimizer. Once the support of the l0 problem is known, the actual solution is easily found by solving a linear system of equations. However, we point out our approach does not solve the harder optimization problem for all input data and thus may fail to produce the optimal solution in some cases. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 10–17, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20034
Perceptions of Addictions as Societal Problems in Canada, Sweden, Finland and St. Petersburg, Russia

Aims: This study reports on the relative gravity people attribute to various addictive behaviors with respect to other societal concerns in four northern populations with different history, social policy and treatment alternatives for addicted individuals. Methods: Random population surveys were conducted in Canada, Sweden, Finland and St. Petersburg, Russia. In Finland and Sweden, the survey was conducted by mail, in Canada and St. Petersburg by phone. As a part of this survey, the respondents were asked to assess the gravity of various societal problems, some of which involved various addictive behaviors. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, factor analysis, contextual analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: Hard drugs, criminality and environmental issues belonged to the topmost problems in all data samples. Overall, Finns and Canadians appeared the least worried about various societal problems, Swedes seemed the most worried and St. Petersburgian views were the most polarized. Two factors were extracted from the combined data. Factor 1 covered criminal behavior and various addictions; it was named Threats to Safety factor. Factor 2 comprised social equality issues. The country context explained 12.5% of the variance of the safety factor and 7.9% of the equality factor. Conclusions: Despite some cultural variation in the gravity assessments, the central core of the social representation of addictive behaviors tends still to be linked with ‘badness’ since they were mainly grouped with various forms of criminal behavior in all these countries.
An Integrated Platform for Blended Learning in Engineering Education

Educational system under development of technique and emergence of new technologies faces a problem of specialists’ competence, who should design, produce, maintain new technique and use advanced technologies. The analysis of applied forms of education shows that blended learning has advantages over traditional learning and e-learning. For its successful implementation the unified informational educational platform that allows developing educational content, managing the learning process and giving the opportunity of virtual communication is required. The introduction of such advanced educational technologies like a virtual and augmented reality, simulation and gamification will enhance quality of specialists’ training. The use of real-world experience of leading enterprises of an automobile industry, as well as the student's evaluation system based on the objective parameters are the main advantages of a proposed concept. At this stage, the development of the module of monitoring the learning process is proceeding.
Anaemia in the hospitalised elderly.

A retrospective study was done to look at the various features of our elderly anaemic patients and to determine the usefulness of evaluating anaemia in this age group. Of the 151 patients admitted to one of the acute admission and rehabilitation wards of our Department from January 1990 to June 1990, 54 were anaemic. The prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher in the old old age group (> or = 75 years) compared to the young old, and those from an institutional background had a significantly higher prevalence of more severe anaemia (Hb < 8g/dl). The majority of causes (66%) could be easily established with a simple work-up and deficiency-related anaemias comprised 44% of the total causes. The clinical usefulness of this work-up may also extend to the mildly anaemic group (Hb > or = 10g/dl) though further studies are needed to determine the level of haemoglobin when the evaluation becomes cost-effective.
Anticipating Adaptation to Products

Many consumer products deliver their utility over time, and the decision to purchase such products often depends on predictions of future product enjoyment. The present research shows that consumers often fail to predict hedonic adaptation to products and explores the antecedents and consequences of this misprediction. We demonstrate that the failure to predict diminishing enjoyment with a product arises because of a failure to spontaneously consider adaptation and apply correct intuitive beliefs about adaptation. We further show that making prospective duration salient can cue beliefs about hedonic adaptation. Finally, we find that these beliefs, once cued, influence choices.
Body posture in elderly, physically active males

The objective of this study was to evaluate the shape of anterior–posterior curvatures of the spine and to determine the values of body symmetry deviations in the frontal plane, in elderly males. The study group consisted of 34 males aged between 61 and 83 years, attending two hour-long training sessions a week. The comparative group consisted of 30 students. The photogrammetric method based on the Moire phenomenon was used to evaluate the body posture. The obtained data confirm characteristic tendencies of physiological spinal curvatures to change with the aging process. A decrease of the lumbar–sacral spinal-segment inclination and an increase of the upper thoracic spinal-segment inclination were observed in the elderly males. Whereas, the value of thoracic kyphosis lower-segment inclination was similar to the value obtained in young adult males. The stated differences indicate a flattening of lumbar lordosis and a deepening of the upper arch of thoracic kyphosis, which results in a characteristic body posture in the standing position with the head protruding and the upper trunk segment inclined. The above-mentioned observations indicate a dominance of the angular thoracic kyphosis value over the remaining spinal curvatures. These differences occur to a greater degree in elderly males.
The Role of Biomechanical Shoe Orthoses in Tibial Stress Fracture Prevention

Background Biomechanical orthoses have been shown to lower stress fracture incidence in infantry recruits. However, these results may not be applicable to running athletes. Hypothesis Training in either running shoes or military boots with custom biomechanical shoe orthoses lessens tibial bone strains and strain rates during walking and running. Study Design Randomized controlled laboratory study. Methods In vivo strain measurements were made in nine subjects to determine whether the use of biomechanical orthoses lowers tibial strains during both walking and running and whether such lowering depends on the type of shoe worn. Measurements were made during treadmill walking at 5 km/hr and then during serial 2-km treadmill runs at 13 km/hr with running shoes, with and without the orthoses, and during serial 1-km runs with army boots, with and without the orthoses. Results When soft or semirigid biomechanical orthoses were worn with boots, the tibial peak-to-peak strains were significantly lowered. Soft orthoses also significantly lowered the tension and compression strain rates when worn with boots. During running, semirigid orthoses significantly increased the compression and tension strain rates when worn with boots. Conclusions The use of biomechanical orthoses may be warranted for tibial stress fracture prevention during training in which boots are worn and that mostly involves walking, but they are not warranted for activities that primarily involve running or are performed in running shoes.
Low‐molecular‐weight human serum proteome using ultrafiltration, isoelectric focusing, and mass spectrometry

Identification of the serum proteome is a daunting analytical task due to the complex nature of the sample which has an extremely large dynamic range of protein components. This report addresses this issue by using centrifugal ultrafiltration to enrich the low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) serum proteome while decreasing the amount of abundant high‐molecular‐weight proteins. Reduction of the complex nature of the sample was achieved by fractionation of the LMW serum proteins using solution‐phase isoelectric focusing (IEF). Multiple enzyme digestions are performed and analyzed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Analysis of the tandem mass spectra resulted in the identification of 262 proteins belonging to LMW serum proteome. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology to isolate and identify LMW proteins with improved confidence in the MS data acquired. In addition, our methodology can be combined with other multidimensional chromatography techniques performed on the peptide level to increase the number of identified proteins.
Visual-shape competition during language-mediated attention is based on lexical input and not modulated by contextual appropriateness

Visual attention can be directed immediately, as a spoken word unfolds, towards conceptually related but nonassociated objects, even if they mismatch on other dimensions that would normally determine which objects in the scene were appropriate referents for the unfolding word (Huettig & Altmann, 2005). Here we demonstrate that the mapping between language and concurrent visual objects can also be mediated by visual-shape relations. On hearing “snake”, participants directed overt attention immediately, within a visual display depicting four objects, to a picture of an electric cable, although participants had viewed the visual display with four objects for approximately 5 s before hearing the target word—sufficient time to recognize the objects for what they were. The time spent fixating the cable correlated significantly with ratings of the visual similarity between snakes in general and this particular cable. Importantly, with sentences contextually biased towards the concept snake, participants looked at the snake well before the onset of “snake”, but they did not look at the visually similar cable until hearing “snake”. Finally, we demonstrate that such activation can, under certain circumstances (e.g., during the processing of dominant meanings of homonyms), constrain the direction of visual attention even when it is clearly contextually inappropriate. We conclude that language-mediated attention can be guided by a visual match between spoken words and visual objects, but that such a match is based on lexical input and may not be modulated by contextual appropriateness.
JMP 2 ∆ 0 / kBTc Ratio and Temperature Dependence of the Superfluid Density in Overdoped La 2-xSrxCuO 4

Using band structure parameters extracted from photoemission data by Yoshida et al., Phys. Rev. B. , 2006, we have analyzed the temperature dependence of the superfluid density in overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4. We point out that the temperature behavior 1/λab is very sensitive to the ratio 2∆0/kBTc and have estimated this quantity, using experimental data obtained previously by Panagopoulos et al., Phys. Rev. B. , 1999. We compare the results with those obtained from NMR/NQR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance/Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance) (Mayer et al., J. Phys, Cond. Mat., 2007) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (Kato et al., Physica C, 2007) data. 2 / 1 ab s n  
Motor activity and severity of depression in hospitalized prepubertal children.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is an association between activity levels and the severity and nature of depressive symptoms. METHOD Locomotor activity was quantified in 27 consecutively selected hospitalized prepubertal children. Activity was measured in 5-minute epochs over a period of 72 hours using belt-worn monitors. Depressive symptoms were rated using the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised, the Children's Depression Inventory, and an observer rating scale for nursing staff. RESULTS Measures of reduced daytime activity correlated with scores on the Children's Depression Rating Scale and the observer rating scale, but not the Children's Depression Inventory. Stepwise regression indicated that the strongest association occurred between a composite measure of severity, age, and percentage of low-level diurnal activity periods (r = .724, p < .0005). Activity measures correlated with clinical ratings of sadness, low self-esteem, anhedonia, and physical complaints, and to a lesser degree with ratings of hypoactivity, fatigue, and slow speech. CONCLUSIONS Reduced levels of activity correlated significantly with clinical ratings of depressive severity across diagnostic groups. The development of objective measures of depressive severity may have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
High voltage (>1kV) and high current gain (32) 4H-SiC power BJTs using Al-free ohmic contact to the base

This letter reports the design and fabrication of 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors with both high voltage (>1kV) and high dc current gain (/spl beta/=32) at a collector current level of I/sub c/=3.83A (J/sub c/=319 A/cm/sup 2/). An Al-free base ohmic contact has been used which, when compared with BJTs fabricated with Al-based base contact, shows clearly improved blocking voltage. A specific on-resistance of 17 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ has been achieved for collector current densities up to 289 A/cm/sup 2/.
Long term follow up of women after hysterectomy with a history of pre‐invasive cancer of the cervix

history of noninjecting drug use. Two patients had antibodies against hepatitis B core antibody; one of the HCV positive drug users and another patient with no history of drug use or jaundice. No carriers of hepatitis B virus were found and all HCV Ab positive sera were confirmed by RIBA-2 (all bands present). The seroprevalence rate of two per 297 (0.7%) for hepatitis B is very different from 116 per 1142 (14.4%) reported in the Italian study. However the rate of three per 297 (1%) is similar to eight per 1142 (0.7%) in Italy and higher than that found in Scottish blood donors (1:1200, personal communication). We have found a very low seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in this area of Glasgow. In view of the Department of Health proposal to screen antenatal patients in the UK for hepatitis B surface antigen we would suggest that our results would indicate that further screening of these patients for hepatitis C antibody is not appropriate. A. B. MacLean University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine Sheila Cameron E. A. C. Follett Regional Virus Laboratory Ruchill Hospital Glasgow CORRESPONDENCE 703
Decomposition and mass of woody detritus in the dry tropical forests of the Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

The decomposition rates and mass of fine ( 10-cm-diameter) woody detritus were measured in the dry tropical forests of the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula. The smallest mass of woody detritus was found in undisturbed stands: fine fractions averaged 4.7 Mg ha-' and coarse fractions ranged between 13 and 38 Mg ha-'. The largest mass of fine woody detritus (32.2 Mg ha-') was found in a hurricane-disturbed forest; whereas, the largest mass of coarse woody detritus (99.5 Mg ha-') was found in stands disturbed by catastrophic fires. A decomposition time-series study installed in 1989 indicated that decomposition rates varied greatly among species and diameters of branch segments. Over a 4-year period, the decomposition rate constant for fine woody detritus ranged from 0.151 to 1.019 year-' and that for coarse woody detritus ranged from 0.008 to 0.615 year-'. The halflife of woody detritus increased 33-fold (among pieces ranging from 1 to 30 cm in diameter) for the most decayresistant species (Manilkara zapota) but was relatively constant for the least decay-resistant species (Bursera simaruba). The wide range in decomposition rates observed in these forests indicates that the poor substrate quality of some species may override climatic (e.g., warm temperatures) and biotic (e.g., termites) factors favorable to rapid decomposition, leading to a substantial accumulation of woody detritus.
The Impact of Organizational Change on the Employee's Performance in the Banking Sector of Pakistan

The purpose for this research paper is to analyze the impact of organizational change towards employee performance in the banking sector of Pakistan. In this study Primary and secondary data collection techniques were used for obtaining data. Questionnaires were used for primary data collection. Leadership, Communication, Procedural justice, Employee development, Tolerance to change are the variables considered for this study. The sample size for this research is (n=252) hence descriptive statistics and correlation analysis techniques were used for the analysis of data in SPSS software. The results show that organizational change has a positive significant impact on employee's performance in banking sector of Pakistan. The study suggests that further research should be conducted in various sectors and also by increasing factors of organizational change in order to observe the overall impact of organizational change towards employee performance.