Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying and Suggesting Logging Locations in Code Blocks

Developers write logging statements to generate logs and record system execution behaviors to assist in debugging and software maintenance. However, there exists no practical guidelines on where to write logging statements. On one hand, adding too many logging statements may introduce superfluously trivial logs and performance overheads. On the other hand, logging too little may miss necessary runtime information. Thus, properly deciding the logging location is a challenging task and a finer-grained under-standing of where to write logging statements is needed to assist developers in making logging decisions. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study to uncover guidelines on logging locations at the code block level. We analyze logging statements and their surrounding code by combining both deep learning techniques and manual investigations. From our preliminary results, we find that our deep learning models achieve over 90% in precision and recall when trained using the syntactic (e.g., nodes in abstract syntax tree) and semantic (e.g., variable names) features. However, cross-system models trained using semantic features only have 45.6% in precision and 73.2% in recall, while models trained using syntactic features still have over 90% precision and recall. Our current progress high-lights that there is an implicit syntactic logging guideline across systems, and such information may be leveraged to uncover general logging guidelines.
Probing the finite density equation of state of QCD via resummed perturbation theory

In this Ph.D. thesis, the primary goal is to present a recent investigation of the finite density thermodynamics of hot and dense quark-gluon plasma. As we are interested in a temperature regime, in which naive perturbation theory is known to lose its predictive power, we clearly need to use a refined approach. To this end, we adopt a resummed perturbation theory point of view and employ two different frameworks. We first use hard-thermal-loop perturbation theory (HLTpt) at leading order to obtain the pressure for nonvanishing quark chemical potentials, and next, inspired by dimensional reduction, resum the known four-loop weak coupling expansion for the quantity. We present and analyze our findings for various cumulants of conserved charges. This provides us with information, through correlations and fluctuations, on the degrees of freedom effectively present in the quark-gluon plasma right above the deconfinement transition. Moreover, we compare our results with state-of-the-art lattice Monte Carlo simulations as well as with a recent three-loop mass truncated HTLpt calculation. We obtain very good agreement between the two different perturbative schemes, as well as between them and lattice data, down to surprisingly low temperatures right above the phase transition. We also quantitatively test the convergence of an approximation, which is used in higher order loop calculations in HTLpt. This method based on expansions in mass parameters, is unavoidable beyond leading order, thus motivating our investigation. We find the ensuing convergence to be very fast, validating its use in higher order computations.
Customer perceived service quality, satisfaction and loyalty in Indian private healthcare.

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to analyse how perceived service quality and customer satisfaction lead to loyalty towards healthcare service providers. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH In total, 475 hospital patients participated in a questionnaire survey in five Indian private hospitals. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, regression and correlation statistics were employed to analyse customer perceived service quality and how it leads to loyalty towards service providers. FINDING Results indicate that the service seeker-service provider relationship, quality of facilities and the interaction with supporting staff have a positive effect on customer perception. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings help healthcare managers to formulate effective strategies to ensure a better quality of services to the customers. This study helps healthcare managers to build customer loyalty towards healthcare services, thereby attracting and gaining more customers. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This paper will help healthcare managers and service providers to analyse customer perceptions and their loyalty towards Indian private healthcare services.
Thermoelastic Dissipation in Micromachined Birdbath Shell Resonators

Many MEMS gyroscopes rely on micro mechanical resonators to measure angular rotation. Maximizing their quality factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) will help improve accuracy. There are several energy dissipation mechanisms that limit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This paper studies the role of thermoelastic dissipation (TED) in micro birdbath shell resonators. Fully coupled thermo-mechanical equations of physical behavior are solved for these shells using a finite-element method. Furthermore, an analytical model is developed to predict TED. The effects of material properties, shell geometry, edge chipping around the shell rim, trimming approaches, thin-film coatings, and operating temperature on thermoelastic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{TED}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are studied. It is found that the shell material properties and rim thickness have significant impact on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{TED}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. However, edge chipping and most of the shell geometrical parameters do not have large impact. Additionally, this paper shows that some trimming approaches, such as forming grooves along the rim, can improve <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{TED}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A study of the effect of metal coatings on the resonator on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shows that the coating thickness and material are important factors affecting <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{TED}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The results presented in this paper provide guidelines for the design of other similar high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> resonators. [2016–0027]
Coupling physical exercise with dietary glucose supplement for treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a theoretical model and future directions

Metabolic dysregulation may disrupt the complex neuroprotective mechanisms essential for brain health. Recent studies have pointed out the possible aetiological role of metabolic dysregulation in the onset of schizophrenia and the associated cognitive impairment. In this paper, we aimed to generate a theoretical model of how a combination of physical exercise and dietary glucose supplement may help to alleviate cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
Influence of high-dose lipid lowering treatment compared to low-dose lipid lowering treatment on plaque composition assessed by intravascular ultrasound virtual histology in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: the VIRHISTAMI trial.

AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose versus high-dose rosuvastatin therapy on the necrotic core (NC) content in coronary plaques of angiographic non-significant lesions as assessed by intravascular ultrasound - virtual histology. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-seven statin-naive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were randomised to 5 mg or 40 mg rosuvastatin. The volume of each plaque component (necrotic core, fibrous tissue, fibro-fatty, and dense calcium) was assessed at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up. Baseline low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was reduced by 31.8% in the low-dose group (from 3.1±0.7 mmol/l to 2.0±0.4 mmol/l, p<0.001) vs. 49.0% in the high-dose group (from 3.1±1.0 mmol/l to 1.6±0.7 mmol/l, p<0.001) (p=0.001 between groups). The plaque component necrotic core was reduced by 7.6% in the low-dose group (44.6±38.2 mm3 vs. 41.2±40.3 mm3, p=0.29) compared to 14.2% in the high-dose group (47.4±38.2 mm3 vs. 40.7±34.4 mm3, p=0.003) (p=0.38 between groups). CONCLUSIONS In statin-naive patients with STEMI, rosuvastatin therapy for 12 months resulted in significant reduction in LDL-cholesterol; however, a significant decrease in necrotic core volume was only seen in the high-dose group.
Microtubules and CESA tracks at the inner epidermal wall align independently of those on the outer wall of light-grown Arabidopsis hypocotyls

Microtubules are classically described as being transverse, which is perpendicular to the direction of cell elongation. However, fixation studies have indicated that microtubules can be variably aligned across the epidermis of elongating shoots. In addition, microtubules are reported to have different orientations on inner and outer epidermal surfaces, undermining the idea of hoop-reinforcement. Here, long-term movies of Arabidopsis seedlings expressing GFP–TUA6 allowed microtubule alignment to be directly correlated with the rate of elongation within individual growing cells. We also investigated whether microtubule alignment at the inner or the outer epidermal wall better reflected the growth rate. Movies confirmed that transverse microtubules form on the inner wall throughout elongation, but orientation of microtubules is variable at the outer wall, where they tend to become transverse only during episodes of accelerated growth. Because this appears to contradict the concept that circumferential arrays of transverse microtubules or microfibrils are essential for cell elongation, we checked the organisation of cellulose synthase tracks using GFP–CESA3 and found a similar mismatch between trajectories on inner and outer epidermal surfaces. We conclude that microtubule alignment on the inner wall appears to be a more stable predictor of growth anisotropy, whereas outer-wall alignment is more sensitive to the elongation rate.
Functional organization and hemispheric comparison of primary auditory cortex in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Hemispheric fine‐grain maps of primary auditory cortex (AI) were derived from microelectrode penetrations in the temporal gyrus of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) to 1) compare the functional organization of AI in the marmoset with other mammalian species and 2) compare the right and left AI maps in individual monkeys. Frequency receptive fields (FRFs) were recorded with pure tones. Five FRF parameters were analyzed: characteristic frequency, threshold, sharpness of tuning 10 dB and 40 dB above threshold, and minimum response latency. The present study confirms that the functional organization of AI is characterized by a robust tonotopic frequency gradient overlaid with spatially clustered distributions of other FRF parameters. Globally, this functional organization of AI in the common marmoset is similar to that in other mammalian species. With respect to within‐subject hemispheric comparisons of the five FRF parameters, a coherent pattern of asymmetry is not evident in marmoset AI. The overall results indicate that the basic functional organization between hemispheres is similar but not identical. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:391–406, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High Level of Coreceptor-independent HIV Transfer Induced by Contacts between Primary CD4 T Cells*

Cell-to-cell virus transmission is one of the most efficient mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread, requires CD4 and coreceptor expression in target cells, and may also lead to syncytium formation and cell death. Here, we show that in addition to this classical coreceptor-mediated transmission, the contact between HIV-producing cells and primary CD4 T cells lacking the appropriate coreceptor induced the uptake of HIV particles by target cells in the absence of membrane fusion or productive HIV replication. HIV uptake by CD4 T cells required cellular contacts mediated by the binding of gp120 to CD4 and intact actin cytoskeleton. HIV antigens taken up by CD4 T cells were rapidly endocytosed to trypsin-resistant compartments inducing a partial disappearance of CD4 molecules from the cell surface. Once the cellular contact was stopped, captured HIV were released as infectious particles. Electron microscopy revealed that HIV particles attached to the surface of target cells and accumulated in large (0.5–1.0 μm) intracellular vesicles containing 1–14 virions, without any evidence for massive clathrin-mediated HIV endocytosis. The capture of HIV particles into trypsin-resistant compartments required the availability of the gp120 binding site of CD4 but was independent of the intracytoplasmic tail of CD4. In conclusion, we describe a novel mechanism of HIV transmission, activated by the contact of infected and uninfected primary CD4 T cells, by which HIV could exploit CD4 T cells lacking the appropriate coreceptor as an itinerant virus reservoir.
Exports and Economic Growth

Uutilizing unit root and cointegration techniques, we find out of 96 countries only 8 show unidirectional or bidirectional causality from exports to GDP with positive relationship between the two variables. Causality from GDP to Exports with positive relationship between the two variables is found for only 9 countries.
Respiratory muscle force and lung volume changes in a population of children with sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a disorder known to impact the respiratory system. We sought to identify respiratory muscle force and lung volume relationships in a paediatric SCD population. Thirty‐four SCD‐SS subjects underwent pulmonary function testing. Height, weight, age, and gender‐adjusted percent predicted maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) values were compared to spirometry and lung volumes. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and paired two‐tailed t‐test. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) MIP and MEP was 69·6 ± 31·6 cm H2O and 66·9 ± 22·9 cm H2O, respectively, and mean ± SD percent predicted MIP (101·3 ± 45·9) exceeded MEP (72·1 ± 26·0) (P = 0·002). MIP correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC; r = 0·51, P = 0·001) and TLC (r = 0·54, P < 0·0001). MEP also correlated with FVC (r = 0·43, P = 0·011) and total lung capacity (TLC; r = 0·42, P = 0·013). Pearson's correlation coefficient testing yielded relationships between MIP and MEP (r = 0·64, P < 0·0001). SCD‐SS patients showed correlations between respiratory muscle force and lung volume, and reduced percent predicted expiratory muscle force compared to inspiratory muscle force. Respiratory muscle strength may affect lung volumes in these patients, and expiratory muscles may be more susceptible than the diaphragm to SCD‐induced vaso‐occlusive damage.
Yeast protein expression profile during acetic acid‐induced apoptosis indicates causal involvement of the TOR pathway

Although acetic acid has been shown to induce apoptosis in yeast, the exact apoptotic mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we studied the effects of acetic acid treatment on yeast cells by 2‐DE, revealing alterations in the levels of proteins directly or indirectly linked with the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway: amino‐acid biosynthesis, transcription/translation machinery, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, stress response, protein turnover and cell cycle. The increased levels of proteins involved in amino‐acid biosynthesis presented a counteracting response to a severe intracellular amino‐acid starvation induced by acetic acid. Deletion of GCN4 and GCN2 encoding key players of general amino‐acid control (GAAC) system caused a higher resistance to acetic acid indicating an involvement of Gcn4p/Gcn2p in the apoptotic signaling. Involvement of the TOR pathway in acetic acid‐induced apoptosis was also reflected by the higher survival rates associated to a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)‐negative phenotype and lower reactive oxygen species levels of Δtor1 cells. In addition, deletion mutants for several downstream mediators of the TOR pathway revealed that apoptotic signaling involves the phosphatases Pph21p and Pph22p but not Sit4p. Altogether, our results indicate that GAAC and TOR pathways (Tor1p) are involved in the signaling of acetic acid‐induced apoptosis.
Synergism between fludarabine and rituximab revealed in a follicular lymphoma cell line resistant to the cytotoxic activity of either drug alone

We have shown previously that the anti‐CD20 chimaeric monoclonal antibody rituximab exerts its effects on neoplastic B‐lymphoma cell lines in part via complement‐dependent cytotoxicity. In addition, membrane expression levels of complement inhibitory proteins CD55 and CD59 play a role in determining susceptibility to lysis. We have identified one t(14;18)‐positive human B‐cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma cell line (Karpas 422) that is resistant to rituximab and complement and used it for subsequent studies on the possible interaction between this novel therapeutic agent and established antineoplastic drugs. We have exposed Karpas to several chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, idarubicin, cisplatin, taxol) for different time periods and subsequently exposed the cells to rituximab and human complement. The combination of these drugs with rituximab induced an additive cytotoxic effect. In contrast, exposure to fludarabine (1 µg/ml for 48–72 h) showed a synergistic effect, with cell lysis increasing from 10% to 20% using fludarabine or rituximab and complement alone to about 70% with both cytotoxic agents. Analysis of the mechanism for this synergistic effect showed that fludarabine downmodulates the membrane expression of CD55 (from 96% to 55% positive cells) without significantly altering CD20 levels. Northern analysis demonstrated that fludarabine induced a general downmodulation of steady state mRNA levels with no change in transcription rate detected in run‐off assays. The study of the effect of fludarabine and rituximab in six freshly isolated B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) samples showed that, in most cases, fludarabine has an additive cytotoxic activity with rituximab and complement. This report gives a rational support for clinical studies with combinations of drugs, including monoclonal antibodies and fludarabine.
Reliable Localization and Map Building based on Visual Odometry and Ego Motion Model in Dynamic Environment

This paper presents a robust method for localization and map building in dynamic environment. The proposed localization and map building provide general approaches to use them both in indoor and outdoor environments. The proposed localization is based on the relative global position starting from initial departure position. In order to provide reliable positioning information, Visual Odometry (VO) is used instead of ego robot’s encoder. Unlike general VO based localization, the proposed VO does not use iterative refinement in order to select inliers. The suggested VO uses ego motion model based on the motion control. The rotation and translation values of tracked features are guided by the estimated rotation and translation values obtained by motion control. Namely the estimated motion provides upper and lower limits of motion variation of VO. This estimated boundary of motion variation helps to reject outliers among tracked features. The rejected outliers represent tracked features of fast/slow moving objects against ego robot movement. The map is built along with ego robot path. In order to get rich 3D points in each frame accumulated dense map based temporal filter method is adapted.
Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery inguinal hernia repair: a survival canine model.

INTRODUCTION With over 20 million repairs performed worldwide annually, inguinal hernias represent a significant source of disability and loss of productivity. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES™), as a potentially less invasive form of surgery may reduce postoperative disability and accelerate return to work. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and short-term effectiveness of transgastric inguinal herniorrhaphy using a biologic mesh in a survival canine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Under general anesthesia with the animal in Trendelenburg position, a gastrostomy was created. A 4 × 6 cm acellular dermal implant was deployed endoscopically across the myopectineal orifice, draped over the cord structures, and secured with Bioglue. Following completion of bilateral repairs the animals were survived for 14 days. At the end of the study period, the animals were euthanized and a necropsy performed. Cultures of a random site within the peritoneal cavity and at the site of implant deployment were obtained. In addition, a visual inspection of the peritoneal cavity was performed. RESULTS All animals thrived postoperatively and did not manifest signs of peritonitis or sepsis at any point. At necropsy accurate placement and adequate myopectineal coverage was confirmed in all subjects. Cultures of a random site within the peritoneal cavity and at the site of implant deployment had no growth. DISCUSSION This study confirms that NOTES-inguinal herniorrhaphy using a biologic implant can be performed safely. In addition, the transgastric technique provided good short-term myopectineal coverage without infectious sequelae.
The Effects of Number and Level of Restructuring in Insight Problem Solving

Insight problem solving is characterized by restructuring. We hypothesized that the difficulty of rebus puzzles could be manipulated by systematically varying the restructurings required to solve them. An experiment using rebus puzzles varied the number of restructurings (one or two) required to solve a problem and the level at which the restructuring took place (sub-word level, word level, and supra-word level). Solution rates were higher for one restructuring than two, and higher for restructuring at the supra-word level (relation between words) than at lower levels. To explain the findings, we suggest that rebus puzzles initially engage normal reading processes, which involve extracting meaning at the level of relations between words.
Forward blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with severe accidental hypothermia: An echocardiographic study

Background: The mechanism responsible for the forward blood flow associated with external chest compression is still controversial. Evidence for both blood flow caused by direct cardiac compression and blood flow generated by a general increase in intrathoracic pressure has been found in experimental as well as clinical studies. No data are available concerning the mechanism causing forward blood flow in hypothermic patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, echocardiographic findings during external chest compression in seven hypothermic arrest victims are reported.