Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Population Size of a Biological Control Agent and Efficacy in Control of Bacterial Speck of Tomato through Salicylate and Ammonium Sulfate Amendments

ABSTRACT Sodium salicylate and ammonium sulfate were applied to leaf surfaces along with suspensions of the biological control agents Pseudomonas syringae Cit7(pNAH7), which catabolizes salicylate, and Cit7, which does not catabolize salicylate, to determine whether enhanced biological control of bacterial speck of tomato could be achieved. Foliar amendment with salicylate alone significantly enhanced the population size and the efficacy of Cit7(pNAH7), but not of Cit7, on tomato leaves. Application of ammonium sulfate alone did not result in enhanced population size or biological control efficacy of either Cit7(pNAH7) or Cit7; however, when foliar amendments with both sodium salicylate and ammonium sulfate were applied, a trend toward further increases in population size and biological control efficacy of Cit7(pNAH7) was observed. This study demonstrates the potential of using a selective carbon source to improve the efficacy of a bacterial biological control agent in the control of a bacterial plant disease and supports previous conclusions that the growth of P. syringae in the phyllosphere is primarily carbon limited and secondarily nitrogen limited.
Nurses' Ratings of Their Health and Professional Work Environments

Interactions between nursing work environments and nurses' health are of growing significance, given the aging work force, nursing shortage, and workplace health risks. This study examined relationships among nurses' ratings of health behaviors, health status, and professional work environments. Registered nurses (N = 3,132) from five multi-state settings completed an electronic survey. Participants' general health ratings were good, yet stress levels remained the one consistent predictor of poorer health ratings and work environment ratings in regression models. Additionally, more than half of the participants reported being overweight, only 50% met physical activity standards, more than two thirds reported a history of back or needlestick injuries, and 44% and 62% reported experiencing verbal abuse by colleagues and patients, respectively. Contrary to other studies, professional work environment as measured in this study did not predict nurses' health ratings. Further study of the impact of stress on long-term health outcomes and work force retention, as well as on worksite health strategies, is needed.
FPGA parallel-pipelined AES-GCM core for 100G Ethernet applications

The forthcoming IEEE 802.3ba Ethernet standard will provide data transmission at a bandwidth of 100 Gbit/s. Currently, the fastest cryptographic primitive approved by the U.S. National Institute for Standard and Technology, that combines data encryption and authentication, is the Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) of operation. If the feasibility to increase the speed of the GCM up to 100 Gbit/s on ASIC technologies has already been demonstrated, the FPGA implementation of the GCM in secure 100G Ethernet network systems arises some important structural issues. In this paper, we report on an efficient FPGA architecture of the GCM combined with the AES block cipher. With the parallelization of four pipelined AES-GCM cores we were able to reach the speed required by the new Ethernet standard. Furthermore, the time-critical binary field multiplication of the authentication process relies on four pipelined 2-step Karatsuba-Ofman multipliers.
Long-term Survival Following Treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: An Analysis of Surgical Therapy

Summary Background Data:Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a clinical syndrome with a poorly defined natural history. Relative contributions of tumor biology, patient selection, and the extent of treatment on ultimate outcome are not well characterized. Methods:Patients treated at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1980 and 2002 with a diagnosis of PMP were identified. Patient characteristics, pathologic features, and details of treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Results:The 97 patients included in this study underwent a mean 2.2 ± 0.1 operations (range, 1–6). Although complete cytoreduction was achieved in 55% (53/97), disease recurred in 91% (48/53) of patients. The median disease-free interval after complete cytoreduction was 24 months. The median overall survival was 9.8 years and was independently associated with low-grade pathologic subtype (P < 0.001) and the ability to achieve complete cytoreduction (P < 0.001). Ten-year survival was attained in 21% (20/97) of the patients, of which 90% (18/20) had low-grade pathologic features. At the time of death or completion of follow-up, only 12% (12/97) of the patients were disease free. Conclusions:Outcome in patients with PMP is strongly associated with tumor biology. Although improved survival is associated with low-grade pathology and tumors amenable to complete cytoreduction, recurrence of PMP is common. Treatment may be beneficial, particularly in controlling symptoms, but absolute cure, defined as a prolonged disease-free state, is uncommon.
Quantitative microanatomy of jaw muscle attachment in extant diapsids

Muscular reconstructions in vertebrate paleontology have often relied heavily on the presence of “muscle scars” and similar osteological correlates of muscle attachment, a practice complicated by the fact that approximately half of tendinous muscle attachments to bone in extant vertebrates do not leave readily interpretable scars. Microanatomical and histological correlates of tendinous muscle attachment are much less ambiguous. This study examines the microanatomical correlates of muscle attachment for the mandibular adductors in six species of diapsids. Most prominent tendinous or aponeurotic muscle attachments display a high density of extrinsic fibers (similar to Sharpey's fibers). There is also some indication that the density of extrinsic fibers at an attachment may be directly related to the amount of stress exerted on that attachment. The presence of comparable densities of extrinsic fibers in fossil tissue constitutes strong and readily interpretable positive evidence for the presence of adjacent fibrous connective tissue in life. Microanatomy and histology provide reliable data about muscle attachments that cannot be gleaned from gross observation alone. These additional data, when coupled with existing muscular reconstruction techniques, may be essential to the resolution of ambiguous character states, and will provide more severe tests for long‐standing hypotheses of musculature in extinct diapsids. Increasing the accuracy and precision of muscular reconstructions lends greater strength to any phylogenetic, paleobiological, or paleoecological inferences that draw upon these reconstructions as important lines of evidence. J. Morphol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive health in iran: international conference on population and development goals.

he International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo, 1994 by 184 countries to recognize the need of population issues in a different way. Previous discussions were emphasized on the effect of population growth with regards to failures of development and poverty along with its role in environmental deterioration. The ICPD in 1994 established a "new paradigm" in population policy with a shift from focus on effect of population growth to human rights. Demand is growing in developing countries for sexual and reproductive health programs for young women. They may face a different reproductive health risks such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV infection, too-early pregnancy and unintended pregnancy, often leading to unsafe abortion and its complications. Sexual and reproductive health is a human right and essential to human development to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, particularly those concerned with child and maternal health, HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases, and gender.
PLACENTAL LOCALIZATION BY SCINTILLATION SCANNING USING 99mTECHNETIUM LABELLED HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN

RADIOISOTOPES were first used to locate the placental blood pool in 1950 when Browne and Veal1 (1950) described their experience with radioactive sodium. Radioiodinated human serum albumin, labelled with 1311, was used for this purpose by Weinberg and his associates in 1957, and Hutchinson et al. (1958), McGee and Duton (1958), Swartz et al. (1963), Weinberg et al. (1963) and Wheeler et al. (1965) have confirmed the value of this method. Hibbard and Herbert (1960) suggested the use of 1321-iodinated human serum albumin because this greatly reduces the irradiation of the foetal thyroid and to a lesser extent the foetal whole body dose. This isotope has been used with success by Hibbard (1961) and Pool and his colleagues (1965). "Cr labelled erythrocytes have also been used to locate the placenta (Paul et al., 1963; Vrettos et al., 1965). This method has the advantage that little or no radioactive chromium passes across to the foetus (Smith et al., 1961) thus reducing foetal irradiation. These radioisotope methods involve systematic surface counting with a scintillation counter over a grid marked on the abdominal wall. The position of the placenta and its approximate size are then determined from the pattern of counts recorded. A visual image of the placental site is not obtained. Tn 1964 McAfee and his colleagues described the use of QgmTechnetium labelled human serum albumin for localization of the placental blood pool by automatic scintillation scanning. Larson and Nelp (1965) also used this technique successfully. Since February 1967 g9mTechnetium labelled human serum albumin has been used for placental localization at University College Hospital. This paper outlines our initial experience with this technique.
Electrodiagnostic services in the United States

To identify patterns of service provision in the United States, electrodiagnostic encounters were characterized by analyzing data from the 1998 MarketScan Commercial Claims & Encounters Database (The MEDSTAT Group). Electrodiagnostic‐related claims were identified using CPT codes for nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and somatosensory evoked potentials. Over 130,000 electrodiagnostic claims representing 48,207 separate electrodiagnostic encounters were identified. Neurologists accounted for the highest percentage of physician providers (23.6%), followed closely by physiatrists (22%). Physiatrists performed the services at a higher rate than any other provider (886.3 studies per 100 practicing physiatrists). Electrodiagnostic encounters by nonphysician providers accounted for 16.9% of all studies. Physical therapists were the dominant nonphysician providers of electrodiagnostic services (9.3%), followed by podiatrists (5.5%). Physician providers had a median of three claims per encounter compared with one claim per encounter for nonphysician providers. The relatively large proportion of studies conducted by nonphysicians, as well as their limited extent of testing, raises concerns about the quality of care for these patients. These quality issues should be addressed in future studies. Muscle Nerve 29: 198–204, 2004
The Scotopic Threshold Response of the Dark‐Adapted Electroretinogram of the Mouse

The most sensitive response in the dark‐adapted electroretinogram (ERG), the scotopic threshold response (STR) which originates from the proximal retina, has been identified in several mammals including humans, but previously not in the mouse. The current study established the presence and assessed the nature of the mouse STR. ERGs were recorded from adult wild‐type C57/BL6 mice anaesthetized with ketamine (70 mg kg−1) and xylazine (7 mg kg−1). Recordings were between DTL fibres placed under contact lenses on the two eyes. Monocular test stimuli were brief flashes (λmax 462 nm; ‐6.1 to +1.8 log scotopic Troland seconds(sc td s)) under fully dark‐adapted conditions and in the presence of steady adapting backgrounds (‐3.2 to ‐1.7 log sc td). For the weakest test stimuli, ERGs consisted of a slow negative potential maximal ≈200 ms after the flash, with a small positive potential preceding it. The negative wave resembled the STR of other species. As intensity was increased, the negative potential saturated but the positive potential (maximal ≈110 ms) continued to grow as the b‐wave. For stimuli that saturated the b‐wave, the a‐wave emerged. For stimulus strengths up to those at which the a‐wave emerged, ERG amplitudes measured at fixed times after the flash (110 and 200 ms) were fitted with a model assuming an initially linear rise of response amplitude with intensity, followed by saturation of five components of declining sensitivity: a negative STR (nSTR), a positive STR (pSTR), a positive scotopic response (pSR), PII (the bipolar cell component) and PIII (the photoreceptor component). The nSTR and pSTR were approximately 3 times more sensitive than the pSR, which was approximately 7 times more sensitive than PII. The sensitive positive components dominated the b‐wave up to > 5 % of its saturated amplitude. Pharmacological agents that suppress proximal retinal activity (e.g. GABA) minimized the pSTR, nSTR and pSR, essentially isolating PII which rose linearly with intensity before showing hyperbolic saturation. The nSTR, pSTR and pSR were desensitized by weaker backgrounds than those desensitizing PII. In conclusion, ERG components of proximal retinal origin that are more sensitive to test flashes and adapting backgrounds than PII provide the ‘threshold’ negative and positive (b‐wave) responses of the mouse dark‐adapted ERG. These results support the use of the mouse ERG in studies of proximal retinal function.
High throughput in Uplink SC-FDMA Systems with Multicell Processing

In current cellular networks base stations (BSs) usually perform independent scheduling without coordinating the resource allocation among different cells. This, however, often leads to high interference levels in cellular networks operating with universal frequency reuse, such as the 3GPP UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE). Coordinated scheduling between different BSs may mitigate this problem by taking interference from and to nearby BSs into account in order to avoid high interference situations. For uplink in multiuser major issue to maintain throughput of the system. To solve this problem, a channel estimation method for SCOFDM under the framework of compressive sensing (CS) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, by exploiting the signal. (SP) algorithm to utilize a very small amount of frequency domain pilots embedded in the SC-OFDM block for the exact channel estimation. Moreover, the obtained auxiliary channel information is adopted to reduce the complexity of the classical SP algorithm.
A Case‐Mix Classification System for Medical Rehabilitation

Dissatisfaction with Medicare's current system of paying for rehabilitation care has led to proposals for a rehabilitation prospective payment system, but first a classification system for rehabilitation patients must be created. Data for 36,980 patients admitted to and discharged from 125 rehabilitation facilities between January 1, 1990, and April 19, 1991, were provided by the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. Classification rules were formed using clinical judgment and a recursive partitioning algorithm. The Functional Independence Measure version of the Function Related Groups (FIM-FRGs) uses four predictor variables: diagnosis leading to disability, admission scores for motor and cognitive functional status subscales as measured by the Functional Independence Measure, and patient age. The system contains 53 FRGs and explains 31.3% of the variance in the natural logarithm length of stay for patients in a validation sample. The FIM-FRG classification system is conceptually simple and stable when tested on a validation sample. The classification system contains a manageable number of groups, and may represent a solution to the problem of classifying medical rehabilitation patients for payment, facility planning, and research on the outcomes, quality, and cost of rehabilitation.
Regulation of phospholipase D activity in a human oligodendroglioma cell line (HOG)

Oligodendroglial cells express many specific proteins, such as myelin basic protein (MBP), which are physiologically phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC). Diacylglycerols are physiological activators of PKC and can be liberated from phospholipids by the direct receptor‐mediated activation of phospholipase C (PL‐C) or indirectly via the activation of phospholipase D (PL‐D). In a well‐characterized human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cell line, PL‐C (measured by release of [3H]inositol phosphates) and PL‐D (formation of [3H]myristoylated or palmitoylated phosphatidylethanol) were activated by both carbachol (blocked by pirenzepine, suggesting an M1 receptor) and histamine (H1 receptor) but not glutamate, bradykinin, or phenylephrine. PL‐C stimulation by carbachol or histamine was completely inhibited by short‐term treatment (<30 min) with phorbol ester (TPA), a PKC activator. In contrast, PL‐D activation by either carbachol or histamine was stimulated in additive fashion by TPA, suggesting at least two distinct mechanisms for PL‐D activation. Down regulation of PKC by prolonged (24 hr) treatment with TPA reversed the inhibitory effects of TPA on PL‐C and the stimulatory effects on PL‐D. However, the PKC inhibitors H‐7 and galactosylsphingosine did not inhibit the TPA‐mediated stimulation of PLD while the less‐specific PKC inhibitor, staurosporine, was only partially inhibitory. Preexposure of cells to carbachol, greatly reduced both PL‐C and PL‐D activation by carbachol, suggesting homologous desensitization. Time‐course studies indicated that PL‐D activation (10 sec or less) was at least as fast as PL‐C activation, and the affinity of carbachol and histamine for the receptor coupled to either phospholipase (EC50 = 5–10 μM) was about the same. We conclude that in this oligodendroglioma, and by inference in oligodendroglial cells, the receptor‐coupled PL‐D pathway, is at least as important as the PL‐C pathway as a source of DAG and that its relationship to PKC is complex. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SAFETY EVALUATION FOR DERMAL AND OCULAR IRRITATION OF PALM DIHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID AS A COSMETICS INGREDIENT

This paper describes the safety evaluation of threo-9,10-dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) as a cosmetics ingredient. The irritation potential of DHSA to the eye and skin was assessed using in vitro ocular and dermal irritection assays and confirmed by in vivo patch test. Its potential in inducing sensitization is confirmed by the in vivo human repeated insult patch test (HRIPT). In vitro studies showed no ocular or dermal irritation potential in using purified DHSA while in vivo studies showed that the purified DHSA did not induce any significant cutaneous skin irritation, cumulative skin irritation or sensitization at 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively.
A Clinical Scale for the Self-assessment of Irritability

Summary To date there has been no suitable scale for the self-assessment of irritability in the clinical situation. Existing scales have either included aspects of personality trait together with present state or they have been constructed on non-clinical populations. A self-assessment scale has been constructed which seeks to overcome such faults. Measures of depression and of anxiety are included, together with measures of outwardly directed irritability and inwardly directed irritability. This scale should be known as the Irritability, Depression, Anxiety—or IDA—Scale.
Stephen E. Malawista (1934–2013): Infection and Rheumatic Disease

Dr. Stephen Malawista, a colleague, friend, and sometime scientific competitor of mine, ranked among the more original biomedical researchers of his generation. His discoveries bridged the fields of cell biology, infectious diseases, and rheumatology: he pursued translational research before the term was invented. Steve earned his many honors in a rather unorthodox manner. Rather than attacking a problem in a strictly linear fashion, his elfin curiosity drove him to revisit earlier findings by ever-new methods, many developed in his own laboratory. Although Steve was popularly known for his codiscovery of Lyme disease (1), the central core of his work was the study of phagocytic and nonphagocytic functions of human blood leukocytes, particularly neutrophils and macrophages. He unraveled basic aspects of inflammation in a variety of conditions: gout, chronic granulomatous disease, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, . and then there was Lyme disease, which he correctly identified as a “unique human model for an infectious etiology of rheumatic disease” (2).
Nestin‐Specific Green Fluorescent Protein Expression in Embryonic Stem Cell‐Derived Neural Precursor Cells Used for Transplantation

Expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under control of a thymidine kinase promoter/nestin second intron was specifically detected in nestin immunoreactive neural precursor cells after selection of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells in chemically defined medium. Allowing differentiation in vitro, the capacity of these cells to give rise to astroglia, oligodendroglia, and neurones was investigated. After intracerebral transplantation, long‐lasting integration of precursor cells into the host tissue was observed, serving as a pool for successive neuronal and glial differentiation. EGFP expression by ES cell‐derived neural precursor cells may be a valuable tool to optimize protocols for maintenance and expansion of these cells in vitro as well as in vivo after intracerebral transplantation. In addition, preparative fluorescence‐activated cell sorting of EGFP‐labeled neural precursor cells should be useful for standardization of a donor cell population for cell replacement therapies.
Purification and Characterization of Two Mannan-Binding Lectins from Mouse Serum

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a serum protein that activates the complement system after binding to glycoconjugates found on the surface of microorganisms. By molecular cloning two forms of MBL have been identified in the mouse (mMBL-A and mMBL-C), but only mMBL-A has been purified and characterized at the protein level. MBL-C has been termed the liver form of MBL. The present report describes the purification and characterization of mMBL-A and mMBL-C from serum. The two forms of mMBL could be separated both by ion-exchange and carbohydrate-affinity chromatography. The initial identification by immunochemical technique was confirmed by N-terminal amino-acid sequencing. Both proteins give bands corresponding to polypeptide chains of 28 kDa on SDS-PAGE in the reduced state, but mMBL-A migrated more rapidly than mMBL-C in acid/urea-PAGE, in accordance with the calculated pIs. Both forms mediated activation of complement component C4 in mannan-coated microtiter wells. MBL-A showed a higher affinity for d-glucose and α-methyl-d-glucose then did MBL-C. Serum concentrations of mMBL-A in laboratory strains and wild mice were found to vary from 5 to 80 μg/ml, with wild mice tending to show higher levels than laboratory strains.