Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Broken Image: Man, Science and Society

The argument of this book is that social science is dominated by "root metaphors and routine methods appropriated from classical mechanics," and that this keeps us from seeing "the whole man"; we see only a broken self-image. The author has certainly identified and attacked a number of outworn, indefensible doctrines: materialist metaphysics, naive behaviorism, the apotheosis of mathematical and statistical methods in social science, the claim that science can be altogether value-free, the bureaucratization of administration, the denial of the limits of scientific method, the naive notion of an observer wholly isolated from the object of his investigation. However, this volume lacks both originality and subtlety. What is true has been said far better many times before. The author apparently does not understand philosophy sufficiently well to do justice to the range of topics he skips across. He does not properly deal with the value problem in modern science. His
Teratogenicity of Azosemide, a Loop Diuretic, in Rats, Mice and Rabbits

Teratogenic effects of azosemide, a loop diuretic, were investigated in rats, mice and rabbits. Azosemide was given orally to pregnant rats, mice and rabbits during organogenesis. The pregnant animals were killed at term and their fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities. In rats, azosemide at 10–30 mg/kg/day did not affect intrauterine growth, resorptions and rates of external and visceral malformations. Treatment with 90 mg/kg/day resulted in a significant increase in skeletal abnormalities such as wavy ribs, bent scapula and bent humerus. However, the skeletal abnormalities observed in term fetuses could not be found in adult offspring, indicating that they were temporary. In mice, 1250 mg/kg/day of azosemide caused maternal death, abortion, and retarded maternal and fetal weight. Treatment with 200–500 mg/kg/day did not induce fetal mortalities, external and visceral malformations. Skeletal abnormalities increased in dose‐dependent fashion. The type of abnormalities was identical to that encountered in rat fetuses. Furosemide as a positive control also produced similar types of skeletal abnormalities in mouse fetuses. In rabbits, azosemide did not have embryolethal or teratogenic effects even at the highest dose (6 mg/kg/ day), which caused maternal death.
A maximum entropy approach to the study of residue‐specific backbone angle distributions in α‐synuclein, an intrinsically disordered protein

α‐Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein of 140 residues that switches to an α‐helical conformation upon binding phospholipid membranes. We characterize its residue‐specific backbone structure in free solution with a novel maximum entropy procedure that integrates an extensive set of NMR data. These data include intraresidue and sequential HNHα and HNHN NOEs, values for 3JHNHα, 1JHαCα, 2JCαN, and 1JCαN, as well as chemical shifts of 15N, 13Cα, and 13C′ nuclei, which are sensitive to backbone torsion angles. Distributions of these torsion angles were identified that yield best agreement to the experimental data, while using an entropy term to minimize the deviation from statistical distributions seen in a large protein coil library. Results indicate that although at the individual residue level considerable deviations from the coil library distribution are seen, on average the fitted distributions agree fairly well with this library, yielding a moderate population (20–30%) of the PPII region and a somewhat higher population of the potentially aggregation‐prone β region (20–40%) than seen in the database. A generally lower population of the αR region (10–20%) is found. Analysis of 1H1H NOE data required consideration of the considerable backbone diffusion anisotropy of a disordered protein.
Factors Affecting Utilization of Postnatal Care Service in Amhara Region, Jabitena District, Ethiopia

Background: Each year, 287,000 women die from complications related to pregnancy and childbirth, and about 99% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The first hours, days and weeks after childbirth are a dangerous time for both the mother and newborn infant. Post natal care prevents the great majority of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, this period is generally the most neglected in developing countries. This study therefore aims to identify factors affecting PNC service utilization among child bearing age women who gave birth in the past two years in Jabitena district, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Method: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2013. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. A pre-tested questionnaire was used . Bivariate and multivariate data analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 software. Result: In this study 20.2% mothers utilized postnatal care service. Educational status of the mother, final decision maker on health care service utilization, number of pregnancy, place of delivery and being aware of at least one postpartum obstetric danger sign were found to be significantly associated with post natal care service utilization. Conclusion: proportion of postnatal care service was very small. Educational status, women’s autonomy, number of pregnancy, place of delivery and knowledge of postpartum obstetric danger sign were the factors making a difference in utilizing post natal care service. Thus, strengthening the provision of information, education and communication (IEC) was recommended
Nonspecific shielding of unfavorable electrostatic intramolecular interactions in the erythropoietin native‐state increase conformational stability and limit non‐native aggregation

Previous equilibrium and kinetic folding studies of the glycoprotein erythropoietin indicate that sodium chloride increases the conformational stability of this therapeutically important cytokine, ostensibly by stabilizing the native‐state [Banks DD, (2011) The Effect of Glycosylation on the Folding Kinetics of Erythropoietin. J Mol Biol 412:536–550]. The focus of the current report is to determine the underlying cause of the salt dependent increase in erythropoietin conformational stability and to understand if it has any impact on aggregation, an instability that remains a challenge to the biotech industry in maintaining the efficacy and shelf‐life of protein therapeutics. Isothermal urea denaturation experiments conducted at numerous temperatures in the absence and presence of sodium chloride indicated that salt stabilizes erythropoietin primarily by increasing the difference in enthalpy between the native and unfolded sates. This result, and the finding that the salt induced increases in erythropoietin melting temperatures were independent of the identity of the salt cation and anion, indicates that salt likely increases the conformational stability of erythropoietin at neutral pH by nonspecific shielding of unfavorable electrostatic interaction(s) in the native‐state. The addition of salt (even low concentrations of the strong chaotrope salt guanidinium hydrochloride) also exponentially decreased the initial rate of soluble erythropoietin non‐native aggregation at 37 °C storage.
The horse: An alternative model for KAATSU research

In order to produce significant muscle hypertrophy, a training intensity of greater than 65% of the 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) is generally believed to be required. However, this concept has been challenged recently by data from studies that have combined 20%-50% 1-RM with restriction of venous blood flow from the working muscle, referred to as KAATSU-training. These studies have demonstrated significant gains in muscle size and strength in as little as 2 weeks in humans. The KAATSU-training model may have utility in models other than humans; several recent papers have investigated the safety and potential utility of KAATSU-training in an equine model. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss the horse as a viable model of KAATSU-training and discuss the available data using this model thus far.
Relapse Patterns After Transoral Laser Microsurgery and Postoperative Irradiation for Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Tonsil and Tongue Base

Objectives: We evaluated relapse patterns after transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tonsil and tongue base and evaluated the indications for adjuvant irradiation. Methods: Between December 1, 1996, and December 31, 2005, 79 patients with previously untreated SCC of the tonsil or tongue base underwent TLM with or without neck dissection. Thirty-eight patients (48%) underwent postoperative irradiation (median, 62 Gy) to the primary site and the neck. Analysis of relapse patterns was performed on the basis of adverse risk factors and the presence or absence of adjuvant irradiation. Results: The median follow-up for living patients was 47 months (range, 10 to 107 months), and patients were monitored for at least 2 years or until recurrence or death. Local, regional, and distant treatment failures numbered 4, 6, and 4 for surgery alone (n = 41) and 0, 2, and 6 for adjuvant irradiation (n = 38), respectively. Patients with high-risk features (extracapsular extension or at least 2 adverse factors) had locoregional control rates at 2 or more years of 66% and 94% for TLM alone and TLM plus adjuvant irradiation, respectively. Conclusions: Adjuvant irradiation after TLM resection of oropharyngeal SCC with intermediate- or high-risk features improves locoregional control compared with TLM alone.
Excited‐state lifetime studies of the three tryptophan residues in the N‐lobe of human serum transferrin

The energy transfer from the three Trp residues at positions 8, 128, and 264 within the human serum transferrin (hTF) N‐lobe to the ligand to metal charge transfer band has been investigated by monitoring changes in Trp fluorescence emission and lifetimes. The fluorescence emission from hTF N‐lobe is dominated by Trp264, as revealed by an 82% decrease in the quantum yield when this Trp residue is absent. Fluorescence lifetimes were determined by multifrequency phase fluorometry of mutants containing one or two Trp residues. Decays of these samples are best described by two or three discrete lifetimes or by a unimodal Lorentzian distribution. The discrete lifetimes and the center of the lifetime distribution for samples containing Trp128 and Trp264 are affected by iron. The distribution width narrows on iron removal and is consistent with a decrease in dynamic mobility of the dominant fluorophore, Trp264. Both the quantum yield and the lifetimes are lower when iron is present, however, not proportionally. The greater effect of iron on quantum yields is indicative of nonexcited state quenching, i.e., static quenching. The results of these experiments provide quantitative data strongly suggesting that Förster resonance energy transfer is not the sole source of Trp quenching in the N‐lobe of hTF.
Comparison of Survival Rates Between Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas Among 36,725 Patients

Objectives: We sought to determine the impact of histologic subtype on disease-specific survival (DSS) in cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods: Adult patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) or follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database for the years 1988 to 2003. The patients were grouped according to tumor type (PTC or FTC), and their age, gender, tumor size and extension, and nodal or distant metastases were recorded. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare DSS rates on the basis of histologic subtype. Results: We identified 36,725 patients, of whom 77% were female and 23% were male; PTC was diagnosed in 91% of patients, and FTC in the remaining 9%. Patients with PTC were younger, were more likely to be female, and had smaller tumors with higher rates of regional metastases but fewer distant metastases than FTC patients (p < 0.0001 for all). When the cases were stratified by stage, FTC patients had a worse DSS than did PTC patients for all stages — except for stages III/IVA and IVC among patients more than 45 years of age. Conclusions: Follicular thyroid carcinoma portends a worse DSS than does PTC, even when the cases are controlled for stage. Consideration should be given to individual staging for these subtypes of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Chemotherapy- and hormone-induced histologic changes in tumours

Abstract Increasingly, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal manipulation is used before the definitive surgical excision of tumour. It is essential to be aware of the spectrum of histologic changes resulting from such therapy in order to provide a clinically relevant surgical pathology report. The spectrum of changes includes: (1) no histologic changes; (2) tumour cell death and reparative changes, which is the most common histologic alteration; (3) tumour maturation, a phenomenon confined to primitive or embryonal tumours; (4) induction of a different line of cellular differentiation; and (5) apoptosis of associated lymphocytes.
Current trends in orthodontic patients in private orthodontic clinics

경제력의 향상과 식생활의 서구화, 사회적 인식의 변화 등으로 인하여 교정치료의 수요는 증가하고 내원하는 환자들의 부정교합의 양상도 점차 변화하고 있다. 본 연구는 개원한 교정치과에 내원하는 교정환자들의 역학적 자료를 제공함으로써 교정환자들의 특성과 요구를 파악하고 전공의들의 교육과정에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 이를 위하여 2003년부터 2006년까지 서울시내 교정전문치과 4곳에 내원하여 두부방사선계측사진과 모형분석 등 진단분석 과정을 거친 환자 1,620명을 대상으로 부정교합의 양상과 연령대, 발치빈도와 악교정 수술빈도 등을 조사 연구하였다. 조사 결과, 전체 교정환자들 중 남자는 26.9%, 여자는 73.1%로 여자가 많았다. 연령별 분포에서 만 13세 이후의 내원 환자는 78.9%, 만 19세 이후의 환자는 59.0%였으며, 평균연령은 20. 5세였다. Angle 부정교합 분류별 분포는 Class I 부정교합이 38.9%, Class Ⅱ div 1은 34.8%, Class Ⅱ div 2는 2.3%, Class Ⅲ 부정교합은 24.0%였다. 발치빈도의 경우 전체 교정환자들 중 발치환자가 60.9%, 비발치환자가 39.1%였으며, 발치를 시행한 환자 중 상하악 제1소구치 를 발거한 경우가 46.0%를 차지하였다. 악교정수술환자의 비율은 10.2%였다. 교정치과에 내원하는 성인환자, Ⅱ급 부정교합 환자와 악교정수술 환자의 비율이 높기 때문에, 이에 따라 교정교육과정과 보건정책에도 변화가 필요할 것으로 생각한다. (대치교정지 2009;39(1):36-42)
Conformational flexibility of BECN1: Essential to its key role in autophagy and beyond

BECN1 (Beclin 1), a highly conserved eukaryotic protein, is a key regulator of autophagy, a cellular homeostasis pathway, and also participates in vacuolar protein sorting, endocytic trafficking, and apoptosis. BECN1 is important for embryonic development, the innate immune response, tumor suppression, and protection against neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and heart disease. BECN1 mediates autophagy as a core component of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase complexes. However, the exact mechanism by which it regulates the activity of these complexes, or mediates its other diverse functions is unclear. BECN1 interacts with several diverse protein partners, perhaps serving as a scaffold or interaction hub for autophagy. Based on extensive structural, biophysical and bioinformatics analyses, BECN1 consists of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), which includes a BH3 homology domain (BH3D); a flexible helical domain (FHD); a coiled‐coil domain (CCD); and a β‐α‐repeated autophagy‐specific domain (BARAD). Each of these BECN1 domains mediates multiple diverse interactions that involve concomitant conformational changes. Thus, BECN1 conformational flexibility likely plays a key role in facilitating diverse protein interactions. Further, BECN1 conformation and interactions are also modulated by numerous post‐translational modifications. A better structure‐based understanding of the interplay between different BECN1 conformational and binding states, and the impact of post‐translational modifications will be essential to elucidating the mechanism of its multiple biological roles.
Simple proof of the concavity of the entropy power with respect to Gaussian noise

A very simple proof of M.H. Costa's result (see ibid., vol.IT-31, p.751-60, 1985) that the entropy power of X/sub t/=X+N(O,tI) is concave in t, is derived as an immediate consequence of an inequality concerning Fisher information. This relationship between Fisher information and entropy is found to be useful for proving the central limit theorem. Thus, one who seeks new entropy inequalities should try first to find new equalities about Fisher information, or at least to exploit the existing ones in new ways. >
A Study on the Correlation between Surface Electromyography and Assessment Scale for Facial Palsy

Objjectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between surface electromyography(SEMG) and assessment scales for facial palsy. Methods : The subjects for this study were 21 patients who had peripheral facial nerve palsy. We analyzed about the correlation between the results of SEMG and facial nerve assessment scales that were carried out at the same time. The assessment scales used in this study were House-Brackmann scale, Yanagihara grading system, Sunnybrook facial grading system. Results : There are considerable correlation between the results of SEMG and the results of three kinds of assessment scales for facial nerve palsy. Conclusions : SEMG may be an objective examination for facial nerve palsy. Some research aimed at development of SEMG examination guideline for facial nerve palsy will be needed after this. And we expect that many researches for development of diagnostic equipments or treatment equipments that utilize SEMG will proceed.
IgA and IgM rheumatoid factors in canine rheumatoid arthritis

Serum and synovial fluid IgM and IgA-rheumatoid factors (RF) were measured, by ELISA, in groups of dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis and their levels were compared with normal animals. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had significantly elevated IgA-RF, particularly those with erosive disease, as did those with systemic lupus erythematosus, compared with the other groups. Measurement of IgA-RF may be more useful than IgM-RF for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in dogs.
Clinical features of allergic rhinitis in Korean children

Purpose: The characteristics of allergic rhinitis can be different among countries and areas because causative allergens and aggravating factors depend on the living environment. However, there have been few studies on the clinical feature of Korean children with allergic rhinitis, as well as on clinical characteristics in different age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Korean children with allergic rhinitis. Methods: The medical records of children under 12 years of age who had rhinitis symptoms were analyzed in terms of clinical symptoms and positive allergens. Subjects were classified into 2 groups: those with allergic rhinitis (AR group) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR group). Both groups were subdivided into 3 categories: the 1–4 years, 5–8 years, and 9–12 age groups. Results: Among 516 children, 397 (76.94%) belonged to the AR group and 119 (23.06%) belonged to the NAR group. The male to female ratios were 2:1 in both groups. There were significant differences in sneezing and itching between the AR and NAR groups across different age subgroups. There were significant differences in nasal obstruction between the AR and NAR groups in the 9–12 age group. The incidence of AR was 77.8 % in chronic sinusitis patients. Sensitized allergens were house dust mites, animal hair, pollen, and mold in decreasing order in the AR group. Children who were sensitized to animal hair more frequently had sneezing than those who were not. Conclusion: Sneezing and itching strongly suggest allergic rhinitis in Korean children. Clinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis in Korean children would helpful in early diagnosis and adequate treatment of disease. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2015;3:116-123)
THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNAL SECRETIONS OF THE OVARY ON THE CALCIUM BLOOD LEVEL AND ON CALCIUM METABOLISM

1. An ovarian extract has been prepared, which, when administered to animals, produces a fall in blood calcium. 2. The active principle has been found to be present in extracts of liquor folliculi, residual ovary, and corpus luteum. It is also present in placenta. 3. The fall in blood calcium amounts in typical cases to 30–35 percent. of the normal value. The blood calcium cannot generally be reduced any lower than this by increasing or repeating the dose. 4. The maximum fall in blood calcium is usually produced in about twenty-four hours, and it returns to normal in forty-eight hours. 5. The action of the hormone on the blood calcium is the same in both sexes. 6. The extract is active when administered subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. It is also active on oral administration when the dose is considerably increased. 7. Injection of the extract as an emulsion in distilled water is inactive. It is active when dissolved in olive-oil or weak sodium bicarbonate solution. 8. The result of ovariotomy in rabbits is the production of wide fluctuations in the blood calcium level. 9. The action of the ovarian hormone on the blood calcium is suggested as a means for standardisation. 10. It is suggested that the mode of action of the ovarian hormone is by influencing other endocrine glands. We desire to express our thanks to the Research Grant Board of this University for meeting portion of the expense involved in these researches; and also to Professors W. A. Jolly and E. S. Edie for their interest in the work.
Passionate Marriage: Keeping Love and Intimacy Alive in Committed Relationships

laps or offering drinks. They also appear in unexpected forms such as mermaids right up to the Tudor period, thereby suggesting they were not real women but some strange creature provided for sinful service to mankind. The ranks of prostitutes have effectively not changed since ancient times: at the top of the league were the highclass, often educated expensive courtesans, then the youngish working-class girls, and finally the sixpenny whores, known as ‘cockatrice’ (also a mythical creature). In rural areas there were also the hedgerow female vagrants known as ‘doxys’, offering intercourse in a ditch or under a tree for bread and possibly the additional unexpected gift of an infectious disease that could prove fatal. As disease and age took beauty away, the girls tumbled down the league table and their price tag fell, just like modern professional footballers after a few too many seasons. It is thought that a large number of the girls didn’t live much beyond the age of 30 years, not only because of illness but also because brothels can be dangerous places, well supplied with drink and everyone carrying knives hanging from a leather belt alongside rosary beads and a wooden cup. The atmosphere could be considerably heightened by the large sums of money lost in gambling, the second favourite way of spending money in such establishments. The medieval prostitute: she may be a shadowy figure in history but she was definitely there. Future articles This article is the second of a series of three articles; the final article will take us forward in time from the Tudor period and will focus on the Georgian prostitute.
Multiple myeloma relapse in the irradiated liver: involvement of hepatocyte growth factor akin to that after hepatocyte transplantation

Abstract We described a rare case of multiple myeloma in a 60-year-old man, in whom relapse limited to the irradiated area in the left lobe of the liver developed following radiotherapy for lesions in 11th and 12th thoracic spines. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) in the hepatocytes in the irradiated area of the liver. We speculate that the malignant plasma cells might have proliferated in response to local increase of HGF production in the irradiated liver. The role of HGF in the extraosseous spread of multiple myeloma and also under the experimental condition of hepatic transplantation is discussed.