Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RoMEO studies 1: the impact of copyright ownership on academic author self-archiving

This is the first of a series of studies emanating from the UK JISC‐funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open‐archiving) which investigated the IPR issues relating to academic author self‐archiving of research papers. It considers the claims for copyright ownership in research papers by universities, academics, and publishers by drawing on the literature, a survey of 542 academic authors and an analysis of 80 journal publisher copyright transfer agreements. The paper concludes that self‐archiving is not best supported by copyright transfer to publishers. It recommends that universities assert their interest in copyright ownership in the long term, that academics retain rights in the short term, and that publishers consider new ways of protecting the value they add through journal publishing.
Organisational Change in Service Multinationals: From Radical Change to Destabilisation

Despite the importance of services in the world economy and the present trend toward internationalisation, the amount of research on the internationalisation of services is relatively small. Nevertheless, many service enterprises are currently trying to expand their activities at a world level. Many examples in services could be described through the strategic policies oriented toward this internationalisation. One of the means of internationalisation for any service enterprise is to take advantage of the world privatisation process, and to acquire a given company in a foreign market. In this case, the literature has been clear on the difficulties in incorporating any targeted enterprise within a multinational. In the process of internationalisation through external opportunities, one major element of success is clearly to be able to achieve radical organisational change in the acquired enterprise. This is specifically true in countries facing rapid transformation, such as transition economies. The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of various change factors on positive perception of change, in taking the example employees' perception in services companies. The methodology of this research is quantitative, with the use of 369 questionnaires received from employees of 2 multinationals in Hungary (the survey was carried out in November and December 1999). One of the innovations of the research is to access the perception of organisational change in service enterprises from the point a view of employees, at all hierarchical levels.
Gender differences in long-term clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions.

INTRODUCTION Little is known about gender differences among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO). METHODS A total of 1791 patients with 1852 CTOs underwent PCI at 3 centers in the United States, Italy, and South Korea between 1998 and 2007. We compared baseline characteristics, procedural success rates (residual stenosis <50%), and 5-year clinical event rates in male and female patients. RESULTS A total of 1534 men (86%) and 248 women (14%) were treated. After multivariate adjustment, procedural success rates were similar in men and women. The median follow-up duration was 2.9 years (interquartile range, 1.5-4.6 years). Successful CTO PCI was associated with reduced mortality (5.7% vs 9.2%; P<.01) and a reduced need for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (3.1% vs 14.1%; P<.01) in male patients. In female patients, there was a trend toward a lower need for CABG after successful CTO PCI (4.0% vs 6.9%; P=.09). Rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; death, myocardial infarction, and CABG) were lower after successful PCI in both men and women (men, 13.1% vs 24.4% and P<.01; women, 12.3% vs 15.5% and P=.04). There was a significant interaction between gender and procedural success in terms of MACE (P<.01), indicating men had a greater reduction in MACE rate after successful CTO PCI compared with women. CONCLUSION Our study suggested a greater benefit of a successful CTO intervention in men compared with women. A minority of patients (14%) were women. CTO PCI in women is safe and feasible and should probably be considered more often. A randomized controlled trial is needed to accurately investigate the impact of CTO PCI in both men and women.
THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF EU AGENCIES: AGENCIES AS ‘MINI COMMISSIONS’

A stream of reviews that take stock of EU governance trends shows that the EU's governance agenda produces mixed results. EU agencies are part of the EU's search for new governance mechanisms. They have not proven to be a break with EU policy-making processes – underpinning administrative stability rather than reform. This article explores the institutionalization of EU agencies. Using the case of the EU's human resources (HR) policy, it concludes that administrative details are important in order to understand the development of EU agencies turning into institutions. The influence of the EU's institutional environment on their operations is so strong that they must operate as ‘mini Commissions'. This tight control hinders their institutionalization.
Alteration of chromosome positioning during adipocyte differentiation

Chromosomes are highly restricted to specific chromosome territories within the interphase nucleus. The arrangement of chromosome territories is non-random, exhibiting a defined radial distribution as well as a preferential association with specific nuclear compartments, which indicates a functional role for chromosome-territory organization in the regulation of gene expression. In this report, we focus on changes in adipocyte differentiation that are related to a specific chromosomal translocation associated with liposarcoma tumorigenesis, t(12;16). We have examined the relative and radial positioning of the chromosome territories of human chromosomes 12 and 16 during adipocyte differentiation, and detected a close association between the territories of chromosomes 12 and 16 in differentiated adipocytes, an association not observed in preadipocytes. Although further studies are required to elucidate the underlying reasons for the adipocyte-specific translocation of chromosomes 12 and 16, our observations indicate that alteration of relative chromosome positioning might play a key role in the tumorigenesis of human liposarcomas. In addition, these results demonstrate the potential impact of higher order chromatin organization on the epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression and gene silencing during cell differentiation.
Progressive hepatic fibrosis in healthy carriers of hepatitis C virus with a transaminase breakthrough

In short‐term studies, patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, consistently normal serum aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and minimal or mild necro‐inflammatory changes in the liver, did not progress to histologically severe hepatitis. There are no data on longer term outcome of liver disease in these patients. We describe two patients with HCV infection (genotype 2c) with a rise in serum ALT values greater than 10 times the upper normal value that occurred after an 8‐ and 15‐year period of persistently normal or minimally elevated ALT levels. In both patients, the rise in ALT values lasted more than 16 weeks and was not associated with any symptom or risk factor for acute hepatitis. A liver biopsy performed 4 and 18 months after the ALT flare showed clear‐cut progression from chronic hepatitis with mild activity to chronic hepatitis with severe activity and central to portal septal fibrosis (Ishak score: grading 14 and 6; staging: 4 and 5, respectively). Hence, extended surveillance of HCV carriers with consistently normal or minimally elevated ALT values is warranted as these patients are at risk of ALT flares and may develop progressive liver disease.
Using indicators to assess sustainable tourism development: a review

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of indicators in the transition to sustainability in tourism development and planning, identifying their main characteristics and summarising the challenges posed by their use in tourism development and in the research field. Indicators today constitute significant elements in sustainability programmes, but their use has been hampered by technical and conceptual difficulties. Furthermore, given that specific socio-spatial contexts and scales are highly influential in their application in the field, there is a need to identify the nature and characteristics of these indicators of sustainable tourism. After the in-depth development of a theoretical and phenomenological framework for indicators in tourism sector based on literature review, some interesting findings were identified. Indicators of sustainability have been widely adopted in tourism planning and management, and the indicator type (set or index) is selected depending on the situation under analysis and the purpose underpinning the study. In general, a set of indicators may prove more useful and accurate for assessing sustainability in one tourism destination, while an index may be better suited for comparing different spatial units. However, indicator effectiveness to achieve the ideals of sustainable tourism development is affected by the ambiguity in the definition of the concept of sustainable tourism and problems associated with data availability and baseline knowledge. The main challenge is to overcome strategic guidelines and political and theoretical proposals of indicators and achieve practical applications for the sustainable development of tourism. It is in this regard that innovations and knowledge transfer have been stressed, albeit that the nature of this knowledge remains the key.
The Determinants Of Capital Structure: Some UK Evidence

Abstract In this study we attempt to explain the cross-sectional variation in the capital structures of non-financial UK companies using proxy variables for characteristics suggested by capital structure theories. We find that non-debt tax shields, asset structure, size and past profitability are related to capital structure in the manner suggested by theory. Earnings volatility is found to be positively related to leverage. This finding, though counter intuitive, is consistent with the hypothesis of Myers (1977) that risky firms may borrow more than safer ones. In addition, we find evidence that capital structures vary across industrial classification.
Distributed and concentrated winding Interior PM Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) for direct drive wind turbine

This paper compares the distributed winding and concentrated winding IPMSMs designed for direct-drive wind turbine. Apart from different stator winding configuration, the two IPMSMs have identical rotor and stator dimensions, air gap length, magnet length and stack length. The paper also discusses various techniques that were applied to minimize the cogging torque and torque ripple.
Pathological response rate in hormone-positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant FEC and triweekly docetaxel: a case series

We recently reported that neoadjuvant 5-FU, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) followed by weekly paclitaxel and/or trastuzumab induced a high pathological complete response (pCR) rate in hormone-negative patients. The present study examined the therapeutic efficacy of neoadjuvant FEC followed by triweekly docetaxel and/or trastuzumab in the treatment of hormone-positive patients. Between February 2012 and December 2013, 16 hormone-positive patients with local breast cancer (luminal A type: six patients; luminal B type: two patients; luminal HER2 type: eight patients) were included in the study. The histological type of the primary cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma in all patients. The cancer stages in the 16 women who received this regimen were stage I in five (31.3%), IIA in four (25.0%), IIB in five (31.3%), IIIB in one (6.3%), and IIIC in one (6.3%). Regarding clinical TNM classification, five patients were T1N0M0, one was T1N1M0, three were T2N0M0, five were T2N1M0, one was T3N2M0, and one was T4N0M0. The pCR was evaluated using resected tissue after neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the evaluation criteria of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society. Patients were classified into pathologic responders (grade 2: 50.0% of all patients: 2/6 of luminal A type; 6/8 of Luminal HER2 type) and nonresponders (grades 0 and 1: 50.0% of all patients: 4/6 of luminal A type; 2/2 of luminal B type; 2/8 of luminal HER2 type) according to the grade of the tumor. The pCR rate was 0%. Hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity was reversible and manageable. This study demonstrated that neoadjuvant FEC followed by triweekly docetaxel and/or trastuzumab did induce a high pathologic response in luminal HER2 type, but not in luminal A and B types, and did not induce a high pCR rate in the hormone-positive patients.
Strategic Management and Public Service Performance: The Way Ahead

Strategic management is now prominent on the agenda of public administration scholars and practitioners. In this review, the authors outline why approaches based on strategy are suited to public agencies, noting the ways in which strategy varies across public organizations, seeks to match internal capacities to organizational environments, and shapes the impact of external and internal constraints on performance. Empirical evidence on the impact of strategy on performance is placed under the microscope, and while there are many positive relationships, the evidence base is limited in terms of its scope, data, methods, measures, and coverage. The authors trace out what needs to be done to move the field forward, noting in particular that theoretical enrichment, empirical variety, and explanations of causal complexity are likely to come from a synthesis of models of strategy and publicness.
A development agenda, the donor dollar and voluntary failure

This paper examines the success and failure of a once pre-eminent New Zealand charity – the Council of Organisations for Relief Service Overseas (CORSO). Delivering aid for government was a factor in its success in its early years, as was its broad membership base. Voluntary failure occurred when CORSO lost government support. It also lost donor support when international charities established a competitive donor ‘market’. Its supporters’ unwillingness to ‘buy-in’ to its mission change to focus on local poverty was another factor in its collapse. This case study employs a framework which extends Salamon's (1987) to consider the influence of competition on voluntary failure.
Participatory Plant Breeding with Traders and Farmers for White Pea Bean in Ethiopia

Abstract Purpose: This research, conducted in Ethiopia, involved select stakeholders in the variety evaluation process early: to identify a greater number of acceptable varieties and to shorten a lengthy research and release process. Design/methodology/approach: A Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) approach was used in both on-station and community-based trial evaluations. Farmers, traders and processors evaluated bean varieties for promotion, considering field performance, culinary characteristics, market value, and canning acceptability. Findings: Within four years, two varieties were identified and recommended for release which were high performing, had excellent consumption and cooking characteristics for local foods, fetched high local market prices and met international canning quality standards. Practical implications: (1) Ethiopian men and women have distinct criteria for evaluating white pea beans, the former putting emphasis on marketability, with women focusing on food security issues. Both groups might be involved in the selection process. (2) Key characteristics cited by farmers, for instance, use for forage, may not be taken into account in the formal breeding process. Expanding the criteria used to determine which varieties should be released would make economic sense. (3) Farmers screened for local product acceptability before researchers put forward lines for testing by the export and canning industry. Local acceptability need not necessarily conflict with market chain acceptability—if the right processes are followed. Originality/value: The context was unusual: a) the region was drought-prone; and b) the crop had to meet rigorous canning requirements, plus local preferences. The involvement of traders and processors was novel, as was the use of a ‘participatory framework’ even when the product had to meet stringent market requirements.
Finance–growth nexus revisited for some Asian countries

This article investigates the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth for Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, India and Singapore for the period between 1979 and 2009, using Johansen cointegration tests and vector error correction models. The results suggest that in the case of Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, China and India financial development leads to economic growth, whereas in the case of Thailand there exists a bidirectional causality between these variables. The results further suggest that in the case of Malaysia financial development does not seem to cause economic growth.
Online Discussions as a Tool to Engage Students in Authentic Scientific Argumentation

The purpose of this research is to explore various aspects of scientific argumentation as it occurs both face-to-face and on asynchronous online discussion boards. Engaging students in authentic scientific discourse is considered a primary goal of science education, but there are many challenges to accomplishing this in the classroom, and potentially even more challenges in an online environment. Online discussion boards are potentially valuable instructional tools, but little is known about the science learning that occurs via discussion boards. This research’s goal is to bridge the intellectual circles examining scientific argumentation and online learning to provide a greater understanding of how to engage students in scientific argumentation using online tools, namely the asynchronous discussion board.
Five Facts about Value-Added Exports and Implications for Macroeconomics and Trade Research

Due to the rise of global supply chains, gross exports do not accurately measure the amount of value added exchanged between countries. I highlight five facts about differences between gross and value-added exports. These differences are large and growing over time, currently around 25 percent, and manufacturing trade looks more important, relative to services, in gross than value-added terms. These differences are also heterogenous across countries and bilateral partners, and changing unevenly across countries and partners over time. Taking these differences into account enables researchers to obtain better quantitative answers to important macroeconomic and trade questions. I discuss how the facts inform analysis of the transmission of shocks across countries; the mechanics of trade balance adjustments; the impact of frictions on trade; the role of endowments and comparative advantage; and trade policy.
Effect of body condition and season on yield and quality of in vitro produced bovine embryos

Summary The aim of our study was to examine the effects of cow's body condition score (BCS; scale 1–5) and season on the quality of bovine in vitro produced embryos. The proportion of good quality oocytes (Q1 and Q2) was higher (P < 0.05) in the BCS 2 (57.60%) and BCS 3 (60.90%) groups compared with the BCS 1 (43.60%) group. There were no statistical differences in embryo cleavage and blastocyst rate among the BCS groups. The highest total cell number (TCN, DAPI stain) of blastocysts (P < 0.05), recorded in BCS 1 (122.27 ± 6.90) in comparison with BCS 2 (101.8 ± 3.60) or BCS 3 (105.44 ± 3.70) groups, was related to higher dead cell (DCI, TUNEL) index in this group (7.07%) when compared with BCS 2 (6.54%) or BCS 3 (6.06%), respectively. The yield of good quality oocytes during spring was lower (P < 0.05) compared with the summer season. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in maturation and cleavage rates between autumn and summer (73.42%, 76.2% vs. 85.0%, 41.8%, respectively). The highest (P < 0.01) blastocyst rate was noted during spring and summer months. Significant difference (P < 0.05) in the TCN among spring (99.38 ± 3.90), autumn (110.1 ± 4.58) or summer (108.96 ± 3.52) was observed. The highest proportion of embryos with the best (grade I) actin cytoskeleton (phalloidin–TRITC) quality was noted during the summer months. Our results indicate that body condition affects the initial quality of oocytes, but does not affect embryo cleavage, blastocyst rate and actin quality. This finding may suggest that development in vitro can mask the influence of BCS. The season affects yield and quality of blastocysts in the way that the autumn period is more favorable for embryo development.
Plasma nitrate concentration in infective gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: In subjects on a low nitrate diet, plasma nitrate concentration and urinary nitrate excretion are thought to reflect endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production, and have been reported to increase during infective and inflammatory bowel disease. AIMS: To compare the extent of NO production in patients with infective versus non-infective forms of bowel dysfunction. SUBJECTS: Four groups: 20 healthy, volunteer clerical and laboratory staff, 12 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, 19 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and 20 patients with infective gastroenteritis. METHODS: The plasma nitrate concentration was determined with a copper coated cadmium column and spectrophotometry. Mean and median plasma nitrate concentrations were calculated and compared within the four groups. Mann-Whitney distribution free rank testing was used to compare the median values. RESULTS: Median plasma nitrate concentrations in the four groups were: controls 32.7 mumol/l; irritable bowel syndrome 35.5 mumol/l; inflammatory bowel disease 35.1 mumol/l; and gastroenteritis 117.9 mumol/l (p < 0.001 gastroenteritis v all other groups). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma nitrate concentration could serve as a discriminant between infective and inflammatory or functional bowel disease in patients presenting with diarrhoea. It is not clear why there is considerable difference in endogenous nitrate synthesis in these two conditions, which are both characterised by severe gut inflammation.
Fiscal Policy, Monetary Regimes and Current Account Dynamics

For the individual European Monetary Union (EMU) members fiscal policy has gained in importance owing to the loss of monetary policy as an autonomous policy instrument. Based on a small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with fiscal feedback rules, we analyze the dynamic macroeconomic response in particular of the current account under alternative exchange rate regimes. Our results indicate that entry into monetary union makes the economy more vulnerable to a productivity shock and leads to higher variability of the current account. For a risk premium shock, an entry into EMU implies lower variability of most macroeconomic variables, but a higher persistence in the adjustment process of the current account. For both shocks, a countercyclical fiscal response to the current account is more stabilizing for most macroeconomic variables than a conventional countercyclical response to output. Stabilizing the current account comes at the price of higher variability of output in the short‐run, however.