Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice with 24 Hours Urinary Sodium Excretion among Malay Healthcare Staff in Malaysia

Introduction The most effective and affordable public health strategy to prevent hypertension, stroke and renal disease is by reducing daily salt consumption. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association of knowledge, attitude and practice on salt diet intake and to identify foods contributing to high sodium intake. Methods Secondary data analysis was performed on MySalt 2015 data which was conducted from November 2015 until January 2016 involving 16 study sites with 793 Malay respondents in Malaysia. Data collected were demographic data and anthropometric measures. Salt intake was measured using 24 hours urinary sodium excretion. Food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the sodium sources. Knowledge, attitude and practice of salt intake were assessed using a validated questionnaire s adapted from WHO. 19 Sodium levels of more than 2400mg/day was categorised as high sodium intake. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 21. Results The mean sodium intake estimated by 24 hours urinary sodium excretion was 2853.23 + 1275.8 mg/day. Food groups namely rice/noodles (33.8%), sauces/seasoning (20.6%), meat and poultry (12.6%) and fish/seafoods (9.3%) were the major contributors of dietary sodium. In multiple logistic regression analysis, being a male (aOR=2.83, 95% CI 2.02 – 3.96) and obese (aOR=6.78, 95% CI 1.98 – 23.18) were significantly associated with high urinary sodium excretions. In addition, those who were unsure that high salt intake can cause hypertension (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 0.65 – 2.36), those who think that they consumed too much salt (aOR=2.10, 95% CI 1.13 – 3.87) and those who only use salt rather than other spices for cooking (aOR=2.07, 95% CI 1.29 – 3.30) were significantly associated with high urinary sodium excretion. Conclusions This study showed that the main sources of sodium among Malay ethnicity is cooked food. Poor knowledge and practice towards reducing salt consumption among them contributes to the high sodium consumption. More aggressive strategies are needed to reduce the sodium content in processed foods, followed by a campaign to educate consumers to minimize food consumption containing both discretionary and non-discretionary salt.
The Effect of Testosterone Therapy on the Mortality Rate in Men Suffering From Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Low testosterone level is common with aging men and is associated with many adverse outcomes like diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition, men with low testosterone and DM have increased mortality risk. This review looks at the effect of testosterone therapy on mortality in men suffering from DM. Methods: An exhaustive literature search of available databases using Medline-OVID, CINAHL and Web of Science was conducted using the following keywords: testosterone, diabetes mellitus, and mortality. Results: The initial search of the databases yielded 58 articles. A total of two articles, both observation studies, met the inclusion criteria. The articles demonstrated decreased mortality rate in treated men with low testosterone suffering from DM. Conclusion: In both observation studies, testosterone therapy is associated with decreased mortality rate in men with DM. However, due to the studies’ limitations, further studies are needed to confirm the data.
IMPACT OF TRADITIONAL EXERCISES ON PERCEPTUAL- MOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL GIRL STUDENTS

The aim of this study was to impact traditional games on perceptual- motor development in elementary school girl students. The present study was semi–experimental design. The statistical population included all girls second, third and fourth grades students of elementary schools of Chaboksar - Iran. Fifty-one of who were randomly selected (cluster stage). Then participants were given training for six weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session lasting 45 minutes. Bruininks- Oseretsky test of motor proficiency was applied. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used at a significance level of p≤0/05 in order to examine the relationship between the measured factors and analyze the research assumptions. The results showed that traditional games with mean differences in static balance (F=3.790, P=0.03) and horizontal jumping for muscle strength (F=4.671, P=0.014) was observed. In fact, traditional exercises impacted on the motor development of participants and led to their motor development progress. The traditional exercises can be used as an appropriate plan to improve motor skill development in elementary school.
Effect of Accruals Quality on Debt Maturity Structure: Evidence from Iranian Firms

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of accruals quality on debt maturity structure in Iranian context. Using a sample of 98 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) over the period from 2002 to 2010, results indicate that accounting quality as measured by accruals quality is an important and relevant factor affecting debt maturity structure. Findings also reveal that financial reporting and accounting quality may be considered by Iranian managers regarding debt covenants due to the role that they have in levels reduction of information asymmetry to be able to make longer-term debt.
Estimation of the additive and dominance variances in South African Landrace pigs

The objective of this study was to estimate dominance variance for number born alive (NBA), 21- day litter weight (LWT21) and interval between parities (FI) in South African Landrace pigs. A total of 26223 NBA, 21335 LWT21 and 16370 FI records were analysed. Bayesian analysis via Gibbs sampling was used to estimate variance components and genetic parameters were calculated from posterior distributions. Estimates of additive genetic variance were 0.669, 43.46 d2 and 9.02 kg2 for NBA, FI and LWT21, respectively. Corresponding estimates of dominance variance were 0.439, 123.68 d2 and 2.52 kg2, respectively. Dominance effects were important for NBA and FI. Permanent environmental effects were significant for FI and LWT21. It may be beneficial to evaluate non-additive genetic merit of individuals and families in addition to their transmitting abilities. A breeding program that capitalizes on non-additive genetic merit may be desirable.
Effect of spatial distribution of daily rainfall on interior catchment response of a distributed hydrological model

Abstract. We investigate the effect of spatial variability of daily rainfall on soil moisture, groundwater level and discharge using a physically-based, fully-distributed hydrological model. This model is currently in use with the district water board and is considered to represent reality. We focus on the effect of rainfall spatial variability on day-to-day variability of the interior catchment response, as well as on its effect on the general hydrological behaviour of the catchment. The study is performed in a flat rural catchment (135 km2) in the Netherlands, where the climate is semi-humid (average precipitation 800 mm/year, evapotranspiration 550 mm/year) and rainfall is predominantly stratiform (i.e. large scale). Both range-corrected radar data (resolution 2.5×2.5 km2) as well as data from a dense network of 30 raingauges are used, observed for the period March–October 2004. Eight different rainfall scenarios, either spatially distributed or spatially uniform, are used as input for the hydrological model. The main conclusions from this study are: (i) using a single raingauge as rainfall input carries a great risk for the prediction of discharge, groundwater level and soil moisture, especially if the raingauge is situated outside the catchment; (ii) taking into account the spatial variability of rainfall instead of using areal average rainfall as input for the model is needed to get insight into the day-to-day spatial variability of discharge, groundwater level and soil moisture content; (iii) to get insight into the general behaviour of the hydrological system it is sufficient to use correct predictions of areal average rainfall over the catchment.
Application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system models for prediction of forest fires in the usa on the basis of solar activity

In this research we search for a functional dependence between the occurrence of forest fires in the USA and the factors which characterize the solar activity. For this purpose we used several methods (R/S analysis, Hurst index) to establish potential links between the influx of some parameters from the sun and the occurrence of forest fires with lag of several days. We found evidence for a connection and developed a prognostic scenario based on the Adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) technique. This scenario allows the prediction between 79-93% of forest fires. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III47007]
On the simplest expression of the perturbed Moore{Penrose metric generalized inverse

In this paper, by means of certain geometric assumptions of Ba- nach spaces, we rst give some equivalent conditions for the Moore{Penrose metric generalized inverse of perturbed operator to have the simplest expres- sion T M (I +TT M ) 1 . Then, as applications of our results, we investigate
On the dependence of the OH * Meinel emission altitude on vibrational level: SCIAMACHY observations and model simulations

Abstract. Measurements of the OH Meinel emissions in the terrestrial nightglow are one of the standard ground-based techniques to retrieve upper mesospheric temperatures. It is often assumed that the emission peak altitudes are not strongly dependent on the vibrational level, although this assumption is not based on convincing experimental evidence. In this study we use Envisat/SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) observations in the near-IR spectral range to retrieve vertical volume emission rate profiles of the OH(3-1), OH(6-2) and OH(8-3) Meinel bands in order to investigate whether systematic differences in emission peak altitudes can be observed between the different OH Meinel bands. The results indicate that the emission peak altitudes are different for the different vibrational levels, with bands originating from higher vibrational levels having higher emission peak altitudes. It is shown that this finding is consistent with the majority of the previously published results. The SCIAMACHY observations yield differences in emission peak altitudes of up to about 4 km between the OH(3-1) and the OH(8-3) band. The observations are complemented by model simulations of the fractional population of the different vibrational levels and of the vibrational level dependence of the emission peak altitude. The model simulations reproduce the observed vibrational level dependence of the emission peak altitude well – both qualitatively and quantitatively – if quenching by atomic oxygen as well as multi-quantum collisional relaxation by O2 is considered. If a linear relationship between emission peak altitude and vibrational level is assumed, then a peak altitude difference of roughly 0.5 km per vibrational level is inferred from both the SCIAMACHY observations and the model simulations.
The Impact of Firms’ Characteristics on Export Barriers’ Perception: A Case of Serbian Exporters

This papers analyses impact of firm characteristics, i.e. size, length of exporting experience, capital ownership and type of industry on export barriers' perception in case of Serbian exporters. This study is aimed at an identification of the barriers to export among examined factors of firm's internal environment, domestic business environment and foreign markets to rank barriers according to their level of impact, to spot differences in evaluation of barriers depending on firm's characteristics, and to examine correlation between firm's characteristics and barriers to export. Main hypothesis in this research was that barriers to export for Serbian exporters have been similar to those faced by exporters in other countries, and that the level of their influence depends on firm's characteristics. The empirical research has been conducted through a survey, using a questionnaire with 178 exporters taking part in it. Collected data have been analysed by descriptive statistics, differences among groups and correlation tests. The results imply that most export barriers refer to domestic business environment and that there is a correlation among firm's size, length of export experience and capital ownership with certain factors that may cause problems for exporting business.
A Profile of Urban Owner-Occupied Residential Households’ Characteristics in Nairobi City County, Kenya

The study sought to profile owner-occupied apartment households (based on selected demographic characteristics) in the residential housing market of Nairobi City County, Kenya using a descriptive cross-sectional design. The demographics of interest were: gender, age, marital status and education of home owner; size of family, income of household and level of household expenditure. Using cluster sampling and SMART methodology (2012) formulae, 226 households were sampled though 196 households participated in the study by filling and returning the questionnaire. The households were clustered into 2, 3 and 4 bedroomed owner-occupied apartments. To achieve the study objective, a comparison of demographic characteristics amongst the households was done using cross tabulation. The study found that: most of the apartment houses were owned by men; majority of the home owners fell in the 30-49 age bracket; the married owned most of the homes compared to the singles and divorced combined; most of the households had five to seven members while most households had a monthly income of sh. 190,000-209,999 compared to their monthly expenditure of averagely sh.100, 000. It was further established that more than 50% of the apartment home owners had a college education while a significant number had only secondary/high school education. The study documents implications of the study to housing policy makers and practitioners besides citing limitations which were encountered in conducting the study. Areas for further study were proposed in view of the study outcome. Key Words: Demographics, Apartments, Housing Markets, Mobility and Home Owners.
Duration of the pre-settlement period of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) under laboratory conditions

O estagio de desenvolvimento em que se encontram as formas jovens de caranguejo produzidas em laboratorio, no momento da sua liberacao para o ambiente, e um fator chave para o sucesso dos trabalhos de repovoamento. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a idade mais adequada das formas jovens de U. cordatus, produzidas em laboratorio, para sua liberacao no ambiente natural. Especificamente, o momento em que as megalopas procuram o sedimento de mangue para escavar tocas foi determinado, assim como o tempo que demoram ate realizarem a metamorfose para o primeiro estagio juvenil. O experimento indicou que as megalopas de U. cordatus produzidas em laboratorio levam de 3 a 10 dias (mediana = 6) apos a metamorfose ate escavarem tocas no sedimento. O tempo medio que as megalopas levaram ate realizar a metamorfose para o primeiro estagio juvenil foi de 12,6 dias (desvio padrao = 2,33).
Does the interaction between shocks and institutions solve the OECD unemployment puzzle? a Theoretical and Empirical Appraisal

This paper adds to the already vast economic literature on the respective role of shocks and institutions in unemployment dynamics. Conclusions of existing studies widely diverge. Such divergences are mainly due to a weak theoretical framework underlying the models which have been estimated. We have tried to overcome such weaknesses by relying on a structural model based on a Phillips curve in order to obtain a reduced form unemployment equation. Once estimated, this reduced form accounts for the importance of macroeconomic shocks in explaining changes in unemployment. The introduction of institutional variables and the estimation of three potential effects on unemployment (level, persistence and sensitivity to shocks) lead to results, which are consistent with theoretical predictions. Nevertheless, the role of institutions in explaining changes in unemployment is limited. We use a panel data approach by pooling country data in order to disentangle fixed country effects.
PHILPOTT: THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND IDENTITY WHEN SUPERVISING PROFESSIONAL DOCTORATE STUDENTS; A REFLECTION ON TRADITIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ROUTES Citation

The literature on doctoral supervision frequently identifies the importance of aligning supervisory style to the particular needs of students. Much of this literature is based on research carried out with students on traditional PhD routes. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which the needs of students on professional doctorates differ from those on traditional PhD routes. Exploring this topic is of particular importance if we accept that supervisors’ own experiences of supervision as research students are likely to affect their approach to supervising. The paper concludes that it is not helpful to regard the needs of professional doctoral students and more traditional PhD students as falling into two separate groups. The diverse and evolving nature of all doctoral provision means that these needs are shifting and likely to be converging over time. However, it is helpful for a supervisor to develop sensitivity to issues that are likely to be more common among professional doctorate students. The important differences are most likely to be found in the motivation, identity and identity formation of students and it is these that we need to be sensitive to so that we can adjust our supervisory approach accordingly.
Applying Word Embeddings to Measure the Semantic Adaptation of English Loanwords in Japanese and Korean

With the internationalization of English, many English words are used as loanwords around the world. These English loanwords can bring about confusion, however, as the semantic usage of a loanword often differs from region to region. Therefore, it is important to examine how the semantic adaptation of a given English loanword has occurred when it is introduced into the lexicon of a country. The word vector model has been used to study semantic changes. In this paper, using these techniques, we investigate the semantic adaptation of English loanwords in Japanese and Korean. In addition, we investigate the correlation between the number of meanings of original English words and cosine similarity. As a result, we have brought a new insight into the computational contrastive semantics.
Locating Ornamental and Medicinal Saffron Cultivation Based on AHP Analysis in GIS Environment in Ardabil Province

The ornamental and medicinal saffron with high economic value encompasses a great share of non-oil exports in Iran. As a result, identification of suitable areas for saffron cultivation in Ardabil province located in northwestern part of Iran necessitate effective planning for expanding cultivation and production of this product. Given the effect of various environmental factors on growth and yield of saffron, land evaluation process requires comprehensive spatial and descriptive information for cultivation of this plant. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allows taking advantage of this type of data and facilitates spatial analysis of collected data based on identified models. In this study, Multi-criteria Decision-making (MCDM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods were used based on environmental ecological needs for saffron cultivation. Modeling and spatial analysis of data layers were performed in ArcGIS software. Research methods encompass data collection and entry, statistical calculations and analyses, criteria clustering and valuation, spatial modeling and integration of diverse information. Accordingly, land capability of Ardabil province was assessed for saffron cultivation. Final zoning map was prepared. The results showed effectiveness of hierarchical analysis in assessment of land capability for cultivation of saffron. According to this criteria, Ardabil province was divided into four parts as follows: 19.8 % of this province had highly suitable capability (355429.8 ha), 26.7 % had suitable capability (479291.7 ha), 29.3 % had moderate suitability (525964.3 ha) and 24.2 % had no suitability in cultivation of this plant (434414.2 ha). As a result, it is recommended to cultivate saffron in northern part of Ardebil (Moghan).
EDAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL FUNGI IN THREE CHOTTS LOCATED IN ALGERIAN DESERT

ABSTRACT A total of 327 colonies of fungi were isolated from three chotts located in the Northeast of Algerian Sahara (Chott Merouane, Melghir and Tighdidine). Twenty eight species representing thirteen genera were recorded in Chott Merouane, twenty two species representing eleven genera were isolated from Chott Melghir and twenty five species corresponding to eleven genera were recorded in Chott Tighdidine. The most common genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between fungal population and number of edaphic factors, especially organic carbon and nitrogen contents. Fungal population showed negative correlation with chloride and sodium. The most species isolated in this study were melanized fungi. KEYWORDS: Fungi, distribution, hypersaline soil, edaphic factors. RESUME Trois cent vint sept colonies de champignons filamenteux sont isolees a partir de trois chotts localises dans le Nord-est du Sahara Algerien (Chott Merouane, Melghir and Tighdidine). Vingt-huit especes de 13 genres ont ete isolees de Chott Merouane. Vingt-deux especes de 11 genres ont ete isolees de Chott Melghir et vingt-cinq especes correspondant a 11 genres ont ete obtenues de Chott Tighdidine. Les genres les plus abondants sont Aspergillus, Penicillium et Cladosporium. L'analyse statistique a revele une correlation positive significative entre la densite de la population fongique et un nombre des facteurs edaphiques, en particulier la teneur en carbone organique et l’azote. La densite de la population fongique a montre une correlation negative avec la teneur de chlorure et de sodium. MOTS CLES: Champignons filamenteux, distribution, sol hypersalin, facteurs edaphiques.