Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The psychology of fear appeals revisited

The issue as to whether or not to use threat or fear campaigns is ever present and most recently has extended to young people and anti smoking campaigns. The paper reviews the literature since 1996 by re-examining the five key conclusions of an earlier review. Fear arousal may have both inhibiting and facilitating effects and can lead to avoidant coping (eg ignoring) mechanisms. As at 2003 it can be concluded that campaigns should use fear with caution. Personal relevance and efficacy are more important than severity of outcomes in encouraging action. The issue of gender differences appears to be in need of further investigation and a warning is sounded regarding researching alternative message appeals. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E210298.
Development of time sensitivity: Duration ratios in time bisection

This study investigated the development of children's abilities to discriminate durations as a function of their ratio and examined whether the ability to discriminate durations that differed by a very difficult ratio is related to the development of attention capacities. Children aged 5 and 8 years, as well as adults, performed a series of temporal bisection tasks with a ratio between the short and the long anchor duration that was changed to control the difficulty of the task (5:6, 2:3, and 1:2) in two duration ranges (<1 s and >3 s). In addition, they completed neuropsychological tests in order to assess their short-term memory, working memory, and visual attention abilities. The results showed that, at ratios of 2:3 and 1:2, most participants were able to discriminate the anchor durations in bisection. However, their sensitivity to time improved, whatever the duration range, both as the distance between the anchor durations increased and with increasing age. For the smallest duration ratio (5:6), few of the children were able to discriminate the anchor durations in the bisection task in comparison to adults. Hierarchical regression analyses performed on the neuropsychological tests revealed that, for the 2:3 ratio between anchor durations, the participants' visual attention scores explained a large part of the variance in time sensitivity. The children's lower temporal sensitivity was probably due to their limited visual attention abilities, thus explaining the difficulty they experienced in discriminating very close durations (5:6).
Traditional Risk Factors Are Predictive on Segmental Localization of Coronary Artery Disease

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between established risk factors and segmental localization of coronary artery disease. A total of 2760 patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled into the study. Coronary angiographic segmental evaluation was performed according to the scheme of American Heart Association. Patients were classified into 2 groups (group 1: normal coronary artery segments, group 2: coronary artery segments with coronary artery disease). Smoking was highly related with left main coronary artery disease (odds ratio = 7.5; P = .005). Diabetes mellitus and male sex increased the risk of atherosclerosis in all coronary vasculature (odds ratio = 2.7-2.2; P < .001-P < .001). Hypertension was correlated with distal coronary artery (odds ratio = 1.4; P < .001) and family history with distal circumflex lesions (odds ratio = 4.5; P = .005) High triglyceride levels were associated with right coronary artery lesions (odds ratio = 1.00; P =.03). The effect of advanced age was small (odds ratio = 1.08; P < .001). Risk factors may be predictive for segmental localization.
Bloodless Laparoscopic Liver Resection Using Radiofrequency Thermal Energy in the Porcine Model

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic hepatectomy using radiofrequency (RF) thermal energy in a porcine model. Fifteen female domestic pigs weighing 29.3 kg (range 25 to 35 kg) were used. Five transversal abdominal incisions (3 of 1 cm and 2 of 0.5 cm) were made for the introduction of the video camera and the other laparoscopic instruments. With the porta hepatis not clamped, the liver was inspected and the preferred lobe each time was divided using RF (cool-tip electrode 3 cm) with minimum bleeding. Serum liver enzymes and blood counts were drawn pre and postoperatively. All animals were killed after 1 week. The mean time of the procedures was 119 minutes (range 100 to 155 min). There were no intraoperative complications. Mean blood loss was 27 mL (range 5 to 60 mL), and the mass of the resected specimen was 132.5 g (range 65 to 305 g). There were no postoperative complications or deaths. Bloodless laparoscopic hepatectomy was technically feasible and safe in the porcine model using cool-tip electrode and 500-kHz RF Generator.
The Equity Premium and Structural Breaks by * · Lubo

A long return history is useful in estimating the current equity premium even if the historical distribution has experienced structural breaks. The long series helps not only if the timing of breaks is uncertain but also if one believes that large shifts in the premium are unlikely or that the premium is associated, in part, with volatility. Our framework incorporates these features along with a belief that prices are likely to move opposite to contemporaneous shifts in the premium. The estimated premium since 1834 °uctuates between four and six percent and exhibits its sharpest drop in the last decade. JEL Classi ̄cations: G10, C11
Temporal and spatial patterns of opsin gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract In zebrafish, the first class of cone photoreceptor to become morphologically distinct is the ultraviolet-sensitive short single cone, at 4 days postfertilization, whereas the last class, the red- and green-sensitive double cone, becomes distinct at 10 days postfertilization. We have examined the time course of visual pigment gene expression in zebrafish using whole-mount in situ hybridization. Within the retina, opsins may be detected as early as 40 h postfertilization with the ultraviolet and rod visual pigments being expressed before the blue- (48 h) and red- (60 h) sensitive pigments. In the pineal, red-sensitive opsin is expressed at 48 h postfertilization. Visual pigment expression provides a useful tool for investigations of early cell fate in zebrafish.
Groups of diffeomorphisms of $R^n$ and the flow of a perfect fluid

(E) dUJdt + DUt • Ut = -grad Pv div Ut = 0. T. Kato [4] and H. Swann [6] achieved similar results by showing that solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations for viscous flows converge to solutions of E in H = L? s as the viscosity approaches zero. Our results differ from theirs in that the solutions we establish possess a wider variety of asymptotic conditions at infinity. The proofs of the theorems shall appear elsewhere [1], [2]. Future work includes the extension of these results to flows over noncompact Riemannian manifolds and the study of the related problem of exterior flows in R. The author would like to thank J. Marsden and K. Uhlenbeck for their helpful advice.
Histopathology of the Spleen

The spleen contains hematopoietic and lymphoid elements, is a primary site of extramedullary hematopoiesis, and removes degenerate and aged red blood cells as well as particulate materials and circulating bacteria from the blood supply. Lesions of this important component of the immune system may center on the red pulp, the white pulp or involve both compartments The spleen is the site of direct and indirect toxicity, a target for some carcinogens, and also a site for metastatic neoplasia. Many systemic or generalized diseases have splenic involvement. This paper documents spontaneous background and treatment-induced lesions seen in rodent toxicity and carcinogenicity studies.
Trigonal warping and Berry's phase Nπ in ABC-stacked multilayer graphene

The electronic band structure of ABC-stacked multilayer graphene is studied within an effective mass approximation. The electron and hole bands touching at zero energy support chiral quasiparticles characterized by Berry's phase $N\ensuremath{\pi}$ for $N$ layers, generalizing the low-energy band structure of monolayer and bilayer graphene. We investigate the trigonal-warping deformation of the energy bands and show that the Lifshitz transition, in which the Fermi circle breaks up into separate parts at low energy, reflects Berry's phase $N\ensuremath{\pi}$. It is particularly prominent in trilayers, $N=3$, with the Fermi circle breaking into three parts at a relatively large energy that is related to next-nearest-layer coupling. For $N=3$, we study the effects of electrostatic potentials which vary in the stacking direction, and find that a perpendicular electric field, as well as opening an energy gap, strongly enhances the trigonal-warping effect. In magnetic fields, the $N=3$ Lifshitz transition is manifested as a coalescence of Landau levels into triply degenerate levels.
Shortening of the cardiac action potential due to a brief injection of KCl following the onset of activity

At 100 C the action potential of a turtle heart has a duration of 3-5 sec. Substances injected into the coronary artery reach the muscle fibres with a delay of the order of 1 sec. It is thus possible to change the extracellular ionic composition during a single action potential, and to study the influence of such changes on the potential-time course. The present results show that a rapid rise of the extracellular potassium concentration shortens the action potential. This finding may be relevant to an interpretation of the normal potential-time course during cardiac activity.
Luminescence and Scintillation Properties of VUV Scintillation Crystals Based on Lu-Admixed BaY $_{2}$ F $_{8}$

Nd and Tm-doped Lu-admixed BaY2F8 crystals were grown by micro-pulling-down method. Lu was added to modify the host matrix to suppress the unwanted energy transfer from exciton levels to the Tm3+ 4f-levels. It was found that low Tm and Nd codoping does not bring much improvement of the scintillation performance and that 1%Nd-doped BaY0.8Lu1. 2F8 single crystal reached nearly the same scintillation efficiency as the LaF3:Nd8% one, which is known as a suitable candidate for a VUV scintillator. It is clear there is a considerable room for an optimization of this material by changing the Lu/Y ratio and increasing the content of Nd. On the other hand, very high Tm concentrations (around 20%) suppress the excitonic emission (and also the 4f-4f emission) while increasing the 5d-4f one significantly.
Exposure to Mycobacterium avium can modulate established immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection generated by Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination

Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), the current vaccine against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, offers a variable, protective efficacy in man. It has been suggested that exposure to environmental mycobacteria can interfere with the generation of BCG‐specific immunity. We hypothesized that exposure to environmental mycobacteria following BCG vaccination would interfere with established BCG immunity and reduce protective efficacy, thus modeling the guidelines for BCG vaccination within the first year of life. Mice were vaccinated with BCG and subsequently given repeated oral doses of live Mycobacterium avium to model exposure to environmental mycobacteria. The protective efficacy of BCG with and without subsequent exposure to M. avium was determined following an aerogenic challenge with M. tuberculosis. Exposure of BCG‐vaccinated mice to M. avium led to a persistent increase in the number of activated T cells within the brachial lymph nodes but similar T cell activation profiles in the lungs following infection with M. tuberculosis. The capacity of BCG‐vaccinated mice to reduce the bacterial load following infection with M. tuberculosis was impaired in mice that had been exposed to M. avium. Our data suggest that exposure to environmental mycobacteria can negatively impact the protection afforded by BCG. These findings are relevant for the development of a vaccine administered in regions with elevated levels of environmental mycobacteria.
Modeling the Effects of Macrophytes on Hydrodynamics

A computer model was created as a scientific and management tool for understanding the effects of macrophytes on hydrodynamics and water quality. A model was required that could simulate macrophytes in a complex water body and could be coupled to a multicompartment water quality model of phytoplankton, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, pH, and organic matter. This would permit the investigation of water resource issues where macrophyte growth, phytoplankton growth, nutrient loadings, and flood control were all contributing factors. The model was added as a compartment to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers two-dimensional, laterally averaged, dynamic water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2 (Corps of Engineers, water quality, width averaged, two dimensional) and applied to the Columbia Slough, Ore. Features of the macrophyte model include the capability to simulate multiple submerged macrophyte species; transport of nutrient fluxes between plant biomass and the water column and/or sediments; growth limitation due to nutri.
Open trial of nefazodone among Hispanics with major depression: Efficacy, tolerability, and adherence issues

The efficacy and tolerability of nefazodone in the treatment of major depression among Spanish‐monolingual Hispanics was examined and compared to historical controls among English‐speaking, predominantly non‐Hispanic subjects. Fifty monolingual Hispanic outpatients with major depression and a HAM‐D17 score ≥18 were treated with nefazodone in a flexible‐dose 8‐week open‐label protocol. Sixty‐three percent of the intent‐to‐treat (ITT) sample with ≥1 efficacy visit were considered responders according to CGI‐I criteria, falling within the range of response rates (58–69%) reported in six prior nefazodone trials with non‐Hispanic subjects. Significant improvement was found for the ITT and completer samples in HAM‐D17, HAM‐D28, and SCL‐90 scores and in two measures of psychosocial functioning. Endpoint mean dose in the ITT sample was 379 mg/day (SD=170), also within the range of previous trials (321–472mg/day). Adverse effects were not elevated, with only dry mouth (8%) reported by >6% of subjects. However, 42% of the sample dropped out of treatment before study termination, usually because of side effects or due to family or work difficulties, a higher rate than previously reported for nefazodone (21–33%). This open trial finds nefazodone to be an efficacious treatment for major depression among monolingual Hispanics, with comparable efficacy to previous controlled trials among non‐Hispanic subjects. Double‐blind studies are required to confirm this comparable efficacy. Mean endpoint doses and adverse effect rates similar to previous trials do not support the need for reduced doses of nefazodone among Hispanics. However, an elevated rate of treatment discontinuation threatens treatment efficacy among this population. Causes for this elevated rate require explanation, given the apparently unremarkable pattern of adverse effect reports. Depression and Anxiety 13:118–124, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Finite Element Model of the Patched Human Carotid

Introduction: The hemodynamic effects of carotid artery patching are not well known. Our objective was to develop a fluid-solid finite element model of the endarterectomized and patched carotid artery. Methods: Hyperelastic materials parameters were determined from studies of 8 cadaveric carotids. Blood flow characteristics were based on intraoperative data from a patient undergoing endarterectomy. Wall shear stress, cyclic strain and effective stress were computed as hemodynamic parameters with known association with endothelial injury, neointimal hyperplasia abd atherogenesis. Results: Low wall shear stress, high cyclic strain and high effective stress were identified diffusely in the carotid bulb, at the margins around the patch and in the flow divider. Conclusion: Endarterectomy and Polytetrafluoroethylene patching produce considerable abnormalities in the hemodynamics of the repaired carotid. Advanced mechanical modeling can be used to evaluate different carotid revascularization approaches to obtain optimized biomechanical and hemodynamic results for the care of patients with carotid bifurcation disease.
Expenditure on mental health care by English health authorities: a potential cause of inequity.

BACKGROUND The York resource allocation formula includes a calculation of the amount needed to purchase mental health services equitably in each health authority in England. However, the amount which is actually spent on services is at the discretion of the authority. AIMS To compare expenditure on mental health services with allocation, and test the hypothesis that differences between them are to the disadvantage of services in deprived areas. METHOD A comparison of routine expenditure and allocation data, and linear regression modelling of the ratio of expenditure to allocation. RESULTS The ratio of expenditure to allocation varies widely. Relative underspending occurs more frequently in deprived areas, although not in the four inner-London health authorities. CONCLUSIONS The intentions of the York formula are not achieved in practice. The implications of the formula for mental health should be made explicit to health authorities, and shortfalls in mental health expenditure relative to allocation should be justified at a local level.
Public Participation and New Urbanism: A Conflicting Agenda?

The challenges to public participation in planning are numerous. Inclusive and equitable processes are recognised as an ideal in much planning theory and practice, yet this ideal is increasingly difficult to realise in today's societies that comprise diverse and multiple publics. Within the wider sustainability debate, “New Urbanism” has emerged as a pragmatic alternative to conventional low-density development. Concomitant with a range of prescribed physical outcomes, the New Urbanism movement advocates a process of “citizen-based participatory planning and design”. Charrettes, with urban design workshops, are the favoured tools for achieving this goal. However, it is argued that the adherence to a single type of participatory tool can be inconsistent with accepted ideals of participation processes and has several implications. Of particular concern is the role of the charrette planner or facilitator, a figure who has the potential to manipulate the public because of his/her inevitable allegiance to the New Urban agenda. In addition, the examination of a charrette process in a small New Zealand town raises several broader questions about the ability of the approach to address issues of inclusiveness and the recognition of difference, two fundamental elements of good participatory processes.
Surgical Treatment of Posttraumatic Elbow Contracture in Adolescents

Thirteen adolescent patients with posttraumatic elbow contractures were treated with open surgical release at an average of 16.2 years of age. When possible, an extensile medial approach to the elbow was used. All patients were treated with 6 weeks of postoperative continuous passive motion in addition to physical therapy and splinting. Eleven patients with >6 months of follow-up were evaluated at an average of 29 months after surgery. Average loss of extension improved from 57° to 15°, and average flexion improved from 109° to 123°. Average total arc of motion improved from 53° to 107°. Complications included one case of wound drainage requiring irrigation and debridement and one case of transient ulnar neuropraxia. One of the 13 patients was unable to tolerate postoperative therapy and showed loss of motion.
Recent precipitation trends and future scenarios over the Mediterranean Sea

This paper analyses current precipitation rates (PRs) and trends over the Mediterranean Sea region and their response to global climate change scenarios. The analysis uses 0.25° gridded PRs dataset over a 13-year period (1998– 2010) based on remote sensing data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. Future scenarios use the results of six global climate models (GCMs) under four representative concentration pathway scenarios (i.e., RCP26, RCP45, RCP60, and RCP85). Results indicate that the Mediterranean Sea region displays a seasonally significant (insignificant) wetter trend during cold (hot) seasons, and exhibits annual spatial variation ranging from under 15 to over 100 mm month –1 over the period 1998–2010. Sea level pressure has two different effects on precipitation over the northern (inversely related to precipitation) versus southern (directly related to precipitation) Mediterranean Sea. However, sea surface temperature is anti-correlated with precipitation. The GCMs that describe the current Mediterranean Sea precipitation most realistically are GFDL-CM3-1, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and HadGEM2-AO, which are used to calculate the ensemble mean for each representative concentration pathway scenario. The ensemble means realizations indicate that the study area will experience substantial drought in the 21 century. Uncertainty in the projected precipitation over the Mediterranean Sea was partitioned into four sources, of which the used scenario dominates.
Toxoplasma gondii in semen of experimentally infected swine 1

Moura A.B. , Costa A.J., Jordão Filho S. , Paim B.B. , Pinto F.R. & Di Mauro D.C. 2007. Toxoplasma gondii in semen of experimentally infected swine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(10):430-434. Centro de Pesquisas em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: a2abm@cav.udesc. br Eight reproductive boars were divided into three groups and inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii [GI (n=3) 1.5x104 oocysts strain P; GII (n=3) 1.0x106 tachyzoites strain RH; and GIII (n=2) non-inoculated control]. Clinical, hematological, parasitemia and serological tests and studies of the parasite in the semen through bioassay and PCR, and in reproductive organs (Bioassay and immunohistochemical analyses) were conducted to evaluate the toxoplasmic infection. Blood and semen were collected on day -2, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 and weekly up to 84 days post-inoculation (DPI). No clinical or hematimetric alteration was observed in the boars. Parasitemia was detected in one boar inoculated with oocysts at the 7th DPI and in another boar infected with tachyzoites (GII) at the 3rd and 49th DPI. Serological tests revealed antibodies against T. gondii in animals inoculated with oocysts or tachyzoites at the 7th DPI with dilutions of 1:256 and 1:64, which reached peaks of 1:4096 at day 11 and 9, respectively. The bioassays revealed the presence of the parasite in semen samples of a boar inoculated with oocysts (GI) at 3, 49 and 56 DPI and from two boars infected with tachyzoites (GII), one animal at 5 and two animals at 49 days DPI. Mice inoculated with semen from the control group (GIII) remained serologically negative. PCR analysis showed T. gondii DNA in the semen of Boar 1 and Boar 3 inoculated with tachyzoites and oocysts, respectively. The immunohistochemical tests showed T. gondii in the reproductive organs of Boar 1 and Boar 2, inoculated with tachyzoites and oocysts, respectively. These findings suggest the possible occurrence of venereal transmission of T. gondii in swine.