Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“It’s not easy but it's still possible to be an abstainer here”: Non- Drug Use Among Young Men in a Slum Area in Makassar, Indonesia

This qualitative study explores the social context and protective factors that enable young men in a slum area ( lorong ) in Makassar, Indonesia, to abstain from using drugs. Semi-structured interviews, conducted with fifteen male non-drug users in the lorong showed, despite living in a drug risk environment, non-drug users were involved in neither the drug scene nor street culture. There were two main reasons for this: their employment opportunities, albeit in low paid jobs and the informal economy, and their schooling. These non-users asserted that respectability and the status of rewa (a local construct of masculinity) should and could be achieved through traditional means, i.e. employment providing legitimate income and education leading to a career. Their work provides both direct benefit, i.e. legitimate income (economic capital), and indirect benefits such as meaningful activities and structured time. Employment and schooling also generated a respectable identity (symbolic and cultural capital), wider social networks (bridging social capital) and the opportunity for upward mobility. All of these enable them to have a stake within mainstream society and are incentives for them to abstain from drug taking. This study demonstrates the crucial role of direct and indirect benefits of employment and of economic, symbolic, cultural and social capital in understanding the social context of non-drug use among young men in the lorong. The findings suggest protagonists of drug policy reform and implementation in Indonesia should be more cognizant of social marginalization in the lorong , and of the need to improve young peopleâ€™s access to employment and education, in order to decrease the likelihood of drug initiation and use.
EFFECT OF VARYING INTRALUMINAL PRESSURES IN DIFFERENT VISCERAS ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND RESPIRATIO I DOG By R.e

The problem of abdominal distension in relation to pain. blood pressure and respiratory changes has been studied by Brodie and Russel (1). It was shown by Hurst (8) that a form of muscle sense existed in the. various portions of the alimentary canal and at levels below the oesophagus, and the distension was an adequate stimulus for the sensation. Haden and Orr (6) found that the experimental obstruction on the cardiac end of the stomach in dogs resulted in rapid respiration and restlessness apart from other effects. Little information is available regarding the effect of varying intraluminal pressures in urinary bladder and oesophagus in relation to changes in blood pressure and respiration.
Group extensions and cohomology for locally compact groups. III

In this paper we shall apply the cohomology groups constructed in [ 14J to a variety of problems in analysis. We show that cohomology classes admit direct integral decompositions, and we obtain as a special case a new proof of the existence of direct integral decompositions of unitary representations. This also leads to a Frobenius reciprocity theorem for induced modules, and we obtain splitting theorems for direct integrals of tori analogous to known results for direct sums. We also obtain implementation theorems for groups of automorphisms of von Neumann algebras. We show that the splitting group topology on the two-dimensional cohomology groups agrees with other naturally defilned topologies and we find conditions under which this topology is T2. Finally we resolve several questions left open concerning splitting groups in a previous
Reynolds number effects on the Reynolds-stress budgets in turbulent channels

Budgets for the nonzero components of the Reynolds-stress tensor are presented for numerical channels with Reynolds numbers in the range Reτ=180–2000. The scaling of the different terms is discussed, both above and within the buffer and viscous layers. Above x2+≈150, most budget components scale reasonably well with uτ3/h, but the scaling with uτ4/ν is generally poor below that level. That is especially true for the dissipations and for the pressure-related terms. The former is traced to the effect of the wall-parallel large-scale motions, and the latter to the scaling of the pressure itself. It is also found that the pressure terms scale better near the wall when they are not separated into their diffusion and deviatoric components, but mostly only because the two terms tend to cancel each other in the viscous sublayer. The budgets, together with their statistical uncertainties, are available electronically from http://torroja.dmt. upm.es/channels.
THE GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF THE MASVINGO GREENSTONE BELT AND ADJACENT GRANITE PLUTONS FROM GEOPHYSICAL DATA, ZIMBABWE CRATON

The structure and subsurface configuration of the Masvingo Greenstone Belt (MGB) in the Zimbabwe Craton (ZC), were investigated using aeromagnetic and gravity data. Gravity data from 158 new and 202 old gravity stations were combined to produce a Bouguer gravity map covering the greenstone belt and surrounding granites. The greenstone belt and ultramafic complexes are characterised by Bouguer gravity highs, whereas the granitic terrain are lows, with the lowest values over the post-volcanic plutons. Gravity modelling, constrained by surface geology and density measurements, was carried out on a profile crossing the greenstone belt. The modelling results indicate a depth extent of around 6 km for the dense greenstone belt with a thickness of about 8.5 km for the adjacent younger granite plutons, which are significantly less dense. Granite-greenstone contacts along the profile are near-vertical. Magnetic maps compiled from the Zimbabwe Geological Survey national aeromagnetic data set show the bulk of the greenstone belt to have low magnetic anomaly values, but with high magnetic anomaly values along its northern and western margins over ultramafic units and banded iron formations. The younger granites generally have higher magnetic anomaly values compared to both the greenstone belt and the older gneisses. In particular, a pronounced east-northeast-trending broad magnetic high is observed over the Charumbira pluton, and its edges mark the boundaries with the greenstone belt to the north, and the Limpopo belt to the south; with the latter characterised by low magnetic values. Several linear, small amplitude magnetic lows, which are mostly due to faults, trend northwest to southeast and north to south, with some revealing an apparent dextral movement. Derivative maps for both gravity and magnetic data bring out some of the linear features and the edges of the greenstone belt and granite plutons. Shallow and deep depth slices of the magnetic field allow separation of high and low frequency anomalies; such as the east-northeast-trending Limpopo dyke swarm of Karoo age. The information obtained from modelling, derivative maps and depth slicing suggest a trough-shaped configuration for the MGB, which is consistent with other known greenstone belts on the ZC and elsewhere. This information is consistent with an intracratonic, extensional rift environment for emplacement of the greenstone belt.
AD-A 279 405 t . PL-TR-94-2018 SOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS AT FAR-REGIONAL DISTANCES

Five earthquakes (5.5 < Ms <7.1) in the Mendocino/Gorda plate region on the coast of Northern California and off the coast of Southern Oregon were recorded at Lajitas, Texas (LTX) at distances of 2200-2500 km. The waveforms at LTX exhibit mantle S waves that become impulsive beyond 2300 km. Previously studied farregional seismograms of waves propagating across the Basin and Range to LTX (ranges less than 1800 kin) demonstrated that at these shorter distances the only identifiable shear arrival was the Lg phase and thus could not be used to constrain upper mantle S structure. Mantle P waves were found to generate the dominant first arrivals beyond 1200 km and constrain the P wave structure of the upper mantle to 200 km depth. The new data reported here allow the extension of the S velocity model for the Western U.S. to the upper mantle transition zone. The great circle paths for these events to LTX coincide with the LTX-NTS path that was used in earlier studies, with rays bottoming beneath NTS. Travel times for these mantle S phases at distances larger than 2400 km are close to those predicted for PcP, but the ground motion is transversely polarized. Teleseismic and regional velocity models do not predict the observed arrival times. Synthetic reflectivity seismograms further show, that models with large 400 and 700 km discontinuities introduce waveform complexities that are not observed. A new model has been developed characterized by a low velocity region extending to 400 km depth followed by a gradient zone between 400 and 700 km fitting the travel times as well as amplitude observations. This new model compares favorably at theses depths with the surface wave model WUS of Cara (1979) although WUS includes lower velocities in the upper 200 km and hence predicts arrival times that are delayed by 10-15 sec relative to the observations. The revised velocity model along with source constraints from the Harvard-CMT solutions is used to model the S wave ground motion. The excellent agreement in absolute amplitude and waveshape between the observations and the synthetic data further validates the new model. This modeling exercise also shows how regional broadband data can be used to constrain the source depth to within a few kilometers when the propagation path is well calibrated.
Optimization Of Rna Extraction In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis For Studying Intracellular Gene Expression

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to infectious disease after Human immunodeficiency virus. There has been an upsurge in the incidence of tuberculosis since 1980s. In order to reverse this trend, there is need to understand the biology of the organism. This can be brought about by studying gene expression at transcriptional level. The success of this hinges on RNA of good quality. In this paper, five methods (hot phenol, sonication with guanidinium thiocyanate (GTC) solution, beadbeating method with Trizol, FastPrep machine with Divolab as detergent and GTC solution, and FastPrep machine with Trizol) of extracting RNA from bacteria were compared to find which of the method would be suitable for mycobacteria. The study found that physical method of lysing bacteria was necessary for extraction of RNA from mycobacteria. FastPrep machine gave the highest yield and also provided the speed necessary for optimum RNA extraction. FastPrep and Trizol as reagent for extraction of RNA was applied to macrophage infected with M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) after removing the macrophage RNA. We were able to demonstrate the expression of dnaK gene in both intracellular and broth grown bacilli. The expression of dnaK gene was found to be downregulated in macrophage compared to broth. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 10 (2) 2009: pp. 64-79
Factor Taxation, Income Distribution and Capital Market Integration

This paper addresses the optimal mix of capital and wage taxation when policymakers maximize the political support of workers and capitalists, subject to a fixed revenue requirement. Capital market integration increases the efficiency costs of a tax on capital but simultaneously changes the political equilibrium through its effect on the distribution of factor incomes. These distributional effects are directly opposed in the capital importing and the capital exporting region. While the capital tax rate will always be lowered in the capital importing region, the tax rate in the exporting country will rise when political resistance to market-induced changes in the distribution of income is sufficiently high. Copyright 1997 by The editors of the Scandinavian Journal of Economics.
Can eddies make ocean deserts bloom?

An eddy‐resolving coupled ecosystem‐circulation model of the North Atlantic is used to investigate the impact of mesoscale variability on the nitrate supply to the light‐lit euphotic zone. The focus is on the oligotrophic subtropical gyre where eddies have been suggested to reconcile apparently contradictory observational estimates of nutrient supply and export production. Comparison with observations indicates that the numerical model provides a realistic description of the subtropical eddy field and its interaction with biogeochemical tracers. The model results illustrate that the eddy‐induced nitrate flux into the euphotic zone is largest near the margins of the oligotrophic gyre where both vertical and lateral nutrient supply by eddies are effective. Typical values of simulated eddy‐induced nitrate supply are 0.05 mol m−2 yr−1, which is much lower than has been suggested previously. This new estimate of eddy‐induced nitrate supply is not sufficient to reconcile seemingly contradictory observational estimates of biological production in the subtropics. Alternative sources of fixed nitrogen, deviations from standard elemental stoichiometry, and possible effects of interannual variability will have to be considered in order to resolve apparent observational discrepancies in the oligotrophic subtropical gyres.
Demand forecasting by temporal aggregation

Demand forecasting performance is subject to the uncertainty underlying the time series an organization is dealing with. There are many approaches that may be used to reduce uncertainty and thus to improve forecasting performance. One intuitively appealing such approach is to aggregate demand in lower‐frequency “time buckets. ” The approach under concern is termed to as temporal aggregation, and in this article, we investigate its impact on forecasting performance. We assume that the nonaggregated demand follows either a moving average process of order one or a first‐order autoregressive process and a single exponential smoothing (SES) procedure is used to forecast demand. These demand processes are often encountered in practice and SES is one of the standard estimators used in industry. Theoretical mean‐squared error expressions are derived for the aggregated and nonaggregated demand to contrast the relevant forecasting performances. The theoretical analysis is supported by an extensive numerical investigation and experimentation with an empirical dataset. The results indicate that performance improvements achieved through the aggregation approach are a function of the aggregation level, the smoothing constant, and the process parameters. Valuable insights are offered to practitioners and the article closes with an agenda for further research in this area. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 60: 479–498, 2013
Positive values of inhomogeneous quinary quadratic forms of type (4,1)

Abstract Here it is proved that if Q(x, y, z, t, u) is a real indefinite quinary quadratic form of type (4,1) and determinant D, then given any real numbers x0, y0, z0, t0, u0 there exist integers x, y, z, t, u such that All critical forms are also obtained.
THE CAPABILITY OF BRINE SHRIMP TEST AS A TERATOGENICITY SCREENING SYSTEM

ABSTRACTObjectives: The goals of this study were to analyze the capability of brine shrimp test (BST) as a potent teratogenicity screening system on teratogenicagents (methotrexate, captopril, diclofenac, phenytoin, warfarin, and valproic acid). Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into 1st stage nauplii, then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until2nd stage, 3rd stage, and 4th stage, and number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development were observed for each stage.Results: Hatch ability of cysts in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid2.5 mg/ml were significantly different compared to control (p<0.05). Nauplii survival in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalitieswas found in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were expressed in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml,captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml. Significant difference in body length was presentedin captopril 0.25 mg/ml, and phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml compared to control (p<0.05). Conclusion: BST can be used as an alternative method of the teratogenic screening test, although not as sensitive teratogenic tests on mammals. Thisscreening method was not suitable for a compound which its chemical characteristic can change the tonicity of the medium.Keywords: Brine shrimp test, Teratogenicity, Methotrexate, Captopril, Diclofenac, Phenytoin, Warfarin, Valproic acid.
Effects of lime-induced differences in site fertility on fine roots of oak

This study aims at evaluating the effects of lime-induced differences in site fertility on fine roots. Lime was applied to ten oak (Quercus petraea and Q. robur) stands on acidic soils with low base saturation, 1-27 years before fine root sampling. The soil exchangeable nutrient pool, fine root and foliar composition all showed deficient levels for at least a number of elements. Liming enhanced fine root biomass both in topsoil and in deeper horizons, and overall fertility and nutrition were improved for Ca and Mg but not for K and P. Thus, liming in moderate doses on acidic sites showing nutrient deficiencies may stimulate the absorbing capaci- ty of the tree root system by enlarging fine root standing crop and thereby improving uptake of mineral nutrients and stand growth. However, one should bear in mind that resolving a deficiency for some elements can create less favourable conditions for others. © 1999 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
ON THE STABILITY OF THE COMPETITIVE EQUILIBRIUM, I1

The present paper is devoted to the question of the dynamic stability of a perfectly competitive market with the price adjustment rate proportionate to excess demand. Although the problem dates back to the nineteenth century, a general answer is not yet available. In none of the cases studied has the system been found to be unstable. The same is true of the further results presented in "On the Stability of Competitive Equilibrium, II, " by K. J. Arrow, H. D. Block, and L. Hurwicz scheduled to appear in the next issue of Econometrica. The latter paper extends the results of the present article in several directions.
Potential of genetics for aquaculture development in Africa

Aquaculture in Africa is fairly insignifi cant by world standards and accounts for a mere 0.4 per cent of global aquaculture production. The application of genetics can play an important role in efforts to increase aquaculture production in Africa through methods such as selective breeding, hybridization, chromosome manipulation and use of YY “supermales”. Other issues that need to be addressed are limited genetic research facilities, funding, human capacity and suitable species for aquaculture.
Dynamic Analysis of Hydraulic Bushings with Measured Nonlinear Compliance Parameters

Hydraulic bushings with amplitude sensitive and spectrally varying properties are commonly used in automotive suspension. However, scientific investigation of their dynamic properties has been mostly limited to linear system based theory, which cannot capture the significant amplitude dependence exhibited by the devices. This paper extends prior literature by introducing a nonlinear fluid compliance term for reduced-order bushing models. Quasi-linear models developed from step sine tests on an elastomeric test machine can predict amplitude dependence trends, but offer limited insight into the physics of the system. A bench experiment focusing on the compliance parameter isolated from other system properties yields additional understanding and a more precise characterization. Amplitude dependence predictions are improved in numerical simulations of the system while using the experimentally determined nonlinear compliance parameter, expanding the capabilities of reduced-order hydraulic bushing models. CITATION: Fredette, L. , Dreyer, J., and Singh, R. , "Dynamic Analysis of Hydraulic Bushings with Measured Nonlinear Compliance Parameters," SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars Mech. Syst. 8(3):2015, doi:10.4271/2015-01-2355. 2015-01-2355 Published 06/15/2015 Copyright © 2015 SAE International doi:10.4271/2015-01-2355 saepcmech.saejournals. org Downloaded from SAE International by Rajendra Singh, Wednesday, June 17, 2015
The Effects of Structural Interventions in the First Movement of Mozart's Symphony in G Minor K. 550 on Aesthetic Preference

In a debate in this journal concerning the importance of structure in the effects of musical compositions, Robert Batt suggested the first movement of Mozart9s Symphony in G Minor K. 550 as the ideal example on which research could contravene the minimal effects of structural interventions that have been observed in prior research by Konecni. This article reports the results of putting Batt9s suggestion to empirical test. As Batt pointed out, the first movement of K. 550 can be broken down into nine segments that can be broadly defined as expository (two themes), developmental, and recapitulative (two themes). The original and four differentially intrusive versions of the piece were presented to 42 college non—music-student subjects and 11 college music-student subjects. On the dimensions of pleasingness, interestingess, and a desire to own a copy of the piece, the original version consistently failed to elicit greater preference than the altered versions did in both subject populations, although all versions were much liked by these nonmusician and musician subjects.
X-RAY ABSORPTION, NUCLEAR INFRARED EMISSION, AND DUST COVERING FACTORS OF AGNs: TESTING UNIFICATION SCHEMES

We present the distributions of the geometrical covering factors of the dusty tori (f2) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using an X-ray selected complete sample of 227 AGNs drawn from the Bright Ultra-hard XMM-Newton Survey. The AGNs have z from 0.05 to 1.7, 2–10 keV luminosities between 1042 and 1046 erg s−1, and Compton-thin X-ray absorption. Employing data from UKIDSS, 2MASS, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer in a previous work, we determined the rest-frame 1–20 μm continuum emission from the torus, which we model here with the clumpy torus models of Nenkova et al. Optically classified type 1 and type 2 AGNs are intrinsically different, with type 2 AGNs having, on average, tori with higher f2 than type 1 AGNs. Nevertheless, ∼20% of type 1 AGNs have tori with large covering factors, while ∼23%–28% of type 2 AGNs have tori with small covering factors. Low f2 are preferred at high AGN luminosities, as postulated by simple receding torus models, although for type 2 AGNs the effect is certainly small. f2 increases with the X-ray column density, which implies that dust extinction and X-ray absorption take place in material that share an overall geometry and most likely belong to the same structure, the putative torus. Based on our results, the viewing angle, AGN luminosity, and also f2 determine the optical appearance of an AGN and control the shape of the rest-frame ∼1–20 μm nuclear continuum emission. Thus, the torus geometrical covering factor is a key ingredient of unification schemes.