Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential Effect Systems with Control Operators

Sequential effect systems are a class of effect system that exploits information about program order, rather than discarding it as traditional commutative effect systems do. This extra expressive power allows effect systems to reason about behavior over time, capturing properties such as atomicity, unstructured lock ownership, or even general safety properties. While we now understand the essential denotational (categorical) models fairly well, application of these ideas to real software is hampered by the sheer variety of source level control flow constructs in real languages. Denotational approaches are general enough to accommodate any particular control flow construct, but provide no guidance on the details, let alone applications. We address this new problem by appeal to a classic idea: macro-expression of commonly-used programming constructs in terms of control operators. We give an effect system for a subset of Racket's tagged delimited control operators, as a lifting of an effect system for a language without direct control operators. This gives the first account of sequential effects in the presence of general control operators. Using this system, we also re-derive the sequential effect system rules for control flow constructs previously shown sound directly, and derive sequential effect rules for new constructs not previously studied in the context of source-level sequential effect systems. This offers a way to directly extend source-level support for sequential effect systems to real programming languages.
The micro-dynamics of intraorganizational and individual behavior and their role in organizational ambidexterity boundaries

Organizational ambidexterity has emerged as a valuable contemporary lens on organizational design and action, examining the dynamic relationships between exploitative (extant) and explorative (evolving) resources within organizational contexts and environments. This article analyzes the literature pertaining to ambidexterity and underlines a number of recurrent preoccupations including definition of the nature, characteristics, and normative boundaries of organizational ambidexterity; a predilection toward considering interfirm/unit comparisons of large-scale corporate organizations; and a concentration on the significance of the managerialistic role of the senior management team’s disposition and action-orientations. While a few calls have been made for a focus on the micro-aspects, predominant attention has remained on the macro-aspects of organizational ambidexterity. The aim of the article, therefore, is to conduct a complementary study that considers the boundaries and transitions between exploitative and explorative modes at the intraorganizational, individual micro-behavioral level. To facilitate this, the article surfaces and underscores the paradigmatic modernistic characterization of large areas of the current organizational ambidexterity literature and the implications of this. Moreover, it explores alternative potentially useful critical paradigms that assist in providing tools with which to examine the “micro. ” The research conducts an ethnographic-style study of a quasi-public training and development organization to illustrate the above background contexts and the micro-interface and boundary of explorative and exploitative modes of organizational ambidexterity in the intraorganizational situation. Within this, the study points up the significance of the role of sense-making in operational micro-moment individual and small-group situations, and their vital influence in ultimately underpinning, and contributing to, macroorganizational ambidextrous contexts.
Reliability analysis of stRength of dental composites subjected to diffeRent photopolymeRization pRoceduRes

The aim of this study was evaluation of chosen photopolymerization procedures on strength and reliability of dental composites based on siloranes and composites based on methacrylate compounds in 3-points bending test conditions. The following composites were tested: Filtek Siloran (FSi), Gradia Direct Anterior (GDA), Gradia Direct Posterior (GDP), Herculite XRV (H). Photopolymerization was conducted by means of two types of light: LED lamp and halogen lamp. Exposure times of 40 and 60 seconds were applied. For the strength studies a three-point bending test was used (TFS). Twenty rectangular beam-shaped samples (N=20) from each material were prepared for the studies. For each studied case an average value and standard deviation were determined. To assess significance of differences a variation analysis was performed. Then, the results from each specimen were approximated by two-parameter Weibull distribution. Distribution scale parameter was calculated (as a characteristic strength) and shape parameter (as a material reliability index). It has been demonstrated that in 3-point bending test conditions in case of silorane-based composite the type of lamp has no impact on the strength, however it can improve its reliability. In case of conventional methacrylate-based materials application of LED lamp instead of halogen lamp reduces material strength, but increases its reliability. Additionally, it has been shown that the extension of exposure time – in case of FSi material and halogen lamp, increases material strength, however it has no impact on reliability of the material.
Investigation of magnetopause reconnection models using two colocated, low‐altitude satellites: A unifying reconnection geometry

Ion precipitation data from two co-orbiting Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites (F6 and F8) are used to investigate magnetopause reconnection models. We examine differential fluxes between 30 eV and 30 keV, from a Southern Hemisphere, prenoon pass during the morning of January 10, 1990. Data from the first satellite to pass through the region (F6) show two distinct ion energy dispersions ∼1° of latitude apart, between 76° and 79° magnetic latitude. The electron data exhibit similar features at around the Same region but with no or little energy dispersion, consistent with their high velocities. We suggest that the two energy dispersions can be explained by two separate injections resulting from two bursts of magnetopause reconnection. Data from the second satellite (F8), which moved through the same region 1 min later, reveal the same energy-dispersed structures, only further poleward and with less overall flux. This temporal evolution is consistent with two recently reconnected flux tubes releasing their plasma as they move antisunward away from dayside merging sites. However, an observed overlap between the two ion energy dispersions suggests a more complex reconnection geometry than usual models can accommodate. We propose a generalized reconnection scenario that unifies the Bursty Single X-Line and the Multiple X-Line Reconnection models. A simple time-of-flight particle precipitation model is constructed to reproduce the ion dispersions and their overlap. The modeling results suggest that for time-dependent reconnection the dispersion overlap is observed clearly at low altitudes only for a short period compared with the evolution timescale of the ion precipitation.
Ontogenetic variation in skull shape of Thrichomys apereoides (Rodentia : Echimyidae)

The pattern of change in shape during postnatal development in skulls of punare ( Thrichomys apereoides ) skulls, was studied by geometric morphometric techniques. Skull shape observed in T. apereoides varied both with size and age, but variation in size explains most of the overall change in shape. Differences in shape observed among the eight age categories showed that main changes in shape occurred principally between the first and second age categories. Among the other age classes, changes became less pronounced leading to elongation of the snout and the mid-face and narrowing of the basicranium. The change in global shape resulted in lateral compression of the skull. Despite the high level of integration observed, localized transformations dominated the ontogenetic changes in shape indicating the presence of two large scale cranium components—the orofacial and the basicranial region. The ontogenetic pattern in this species seems to follow the same trends observed in the initial phases of development.
XWH-15-1-0656 TITLE : Improving Urogenital Function with Step Training after Spinal Cord Injury

s to date: Hubscher, C.H. , Herrity A.N. , Montgomery, L.R. , Willhite, A.M., Angeli, C.A. , and Harkema S.J. (2015) Task-specific training-based rehabilitation improves bladder outcomes following human spinal cord injury. 2015 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Chicago IL: Society for Neuroscience.
Protection Motivation and Deterrence: Evidence from a Fortune 100 Company

This paper contains a conceptual replication of Herath and Rao (2009), who tested the Integrated Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and General Deterrence Theory (GDT) model of security policy compliance under the umbrella of the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB). This study replicates their research model except for the Response Cost construct. In contrast to the original study, all data for this replication comes from a single organization, and the survey instrument references a security policy specific to this organization, not generic security policies in multiple organizations. Our results, based on 437 observations, confirm some of the original findings but not all. Relationships stemming from Organizational Commitment, Resource Availability, Security Breach concern level and Subjective Norms are similar across both studies. The findings for other relationships drawn from PMT, GDT, and TPB are mixed. We believe that the evidence provided in this conceptual replication of the Integrated Model (Herath & Rao, 2009) supports the robustness of parts of the model. We encourage future research and practice to focus on replicating and confirming the parts of the model that are similar in both studies.
A Proposal to Measure a Modulator of the Experience of Enjoyment: The Gaudiebility Scale *

This study adopts a theoretical and empirical approach to the concept of gaudiebility which has been defined as the set of mediators (skills, beliefs and lifestyles) which regulate the enjoyment that people experience. The psychometric properties of the Gaudiebility Scale were analyzed in three samples (N= 371, 202, and 369). This scale is made up by 23 items. It shows an internal structure of one factor, high internal consistency, and high test-retest reliability. Relationships between gaudiebility and mood states, quality of life, clinical depression, frequency of exposure to potential reinforcements and self-reported enjoyability were tested. Empirical data indicate that the Gaudiebility Scale presents a satisfactory validity and reliability. These results strengthen and support the proposal of a gaudiebility as a useful construct for research in psychology.
Problem-Based Learning On Students" Critical Thinking Skills In Teaching Business Education In Malaysia: A Literature Review

This review forms the background to explore and to gain empirical support among lecturers to improve the students‟ critical thinking skills in business education courses in Malaysia, in which the main teaching and learning methodology is Problem-Based Learning (PBL). The PBL educational approach is known to have maximum positive impacts in producing professional competencies among graduates in many educational disciplines. However, there is limited discussion about PBL pedagogical approaches implemented in business education. This approach has not been established as a major pedagogical method in schools of business around the world. However, there are a few schools of business that use the implementation of PBL in their curriculum structures. Studies that focused on that issue are implemented in various aspects, courses and using various methodologies. There are various materials which relate to PBL and critical thinking skills. However, in Malaysia, the material is limited because of the lack of research relating to this methodology and lack of research documentations. In Malaysia, the PBL method is only being practised at higher institutions of learning, and it is only limited to certain fields. The analysis of this part tends to discuss PBL in tertiary education, examining the mechanism of the popular educational approach of PBL. The analysis of PBL is intended to see if it may offer any solutions to problems encountered in various education, and to focus on its potential for implementation and impact on critical thinking skills in teaching business education.
Response of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fry to Wild and Cultured Zooplankton

This study is designed to determine the growth and survival rate of C. gariepinus fed on wild zooplankton, cultured zooplankton and artemia. The experiment was conducted in four (4) different trials with each trial lasting for two weeks. The entire experiment took place over eight (8) weeks. It was found that trials which were fed with cultured zooplankton recorded the highest weight gain with a value of 0.022 g, followed by the trials fed with wild zooplankton with a value of 0.020 g and lastly the least weight gain was for the trials fed with artemia with a value of 0.017 g. No significant difference (p>0.05) existed amongst all feeding trials. It was also found in this study that larval catfish of age 3-15 days (average total length 1.167-1.600 cm) consumed zooplankton and gave better growth compared to those fed with Artemia. The study showed that larval catfish fed with artemia had the highest specific growth rate with value of 6.08 % followed by the trials fed with cultured zooplankton with a value of 5.88 % and the least specific growth rate was for trials fed with wild zooplankton with a value of 4.32 %. The survival rate showed that trials fed with artemia had the highest survival rate with a value of 82.250 % followed by trials fed with cultured zooplankton with a value of 78.785 % and the lowest survival rate was for trials fed with wild zooplankton with a value of 28.625 %. A significant difference (p<0.05) existed amongst all trials fed with artemia. From these present research findings it can be concluded that cultured zooplankton is advisable and should be fed to larval catfish. Keywords: Cultured zooplankton, Wild Zooplankton, Artemia, C. gariepinus.
Beyond Technical Aspects: How Do Community Smells Influence the Intensity of Code Smells?

Code smells are poor implementation choices applied by developers during software evolution that often lead to critical flaws or failure. Much in the same way, community smells reflect the presence of organizational and socio-technical issues within a software community that may lead to additional project costs. Recent empirical studies provide evidence that community smells are often—if not always—connected to circumstances such as code smells. In this paper we look deeper into this connection by conducting a mixed-methods empirical study of 117 releases from 9 open-source systems. The qualitative and quantitative sides of our mixed-methods study were run in parallel and assume a mutually-confirmative connotation. On the one hand, we survey 162 developers of the 9 considered systems to investigate whether developers perceive relationship between community smells and the code smells found in those projects. On the other hand, we perform a fine-grained analysis into the 117 releases of our dataset to measure the extent to which community smells impact code smell intensity (i.e., criticality). We then propose a code smell intensity prediction model that relies on both technical and community-related aspects. The results of both sides of our mixed-methods study lead to one conclusion: community-related factors contribute to the intensity of code smells. This conclusion supports the joint use of community and code smells detection as a mechanism for the joint management of technical and social problems around software development communities.
Design of a Fuzzy Job Satisfaction Matrix with Dynamic Performance Criteria

Here, we propose a fuzzy rule-based algorithm to evaluate the job satisfaction in an organization. First, we collect the effective factors of job satisfaction by interviews. After analyzing the interview results, we propose questionnaires with respect to categories obtained from interviews. Due to qualitative aspect of satisfaction, we use linguistic choices in the questionnaires. While it is hard to disseminate questionnaires to all being interviewed, sampling is performed based on STRATA technique. The results are used to compose fuzzy rules. After defuzziffication of the rules and computing the distance from ideal status, the gaps are determined. The gaps are fulfilled using improvement strategies.
On the Impacts of Crisis on the Risk Premium: Evidence from the US Stock Market using a Conditional CAPM

This article investigates the evolution of the US risk premium in periods of crisis. First, we estimate a conditional CAPM with time-varying systematic risk and price of risk using a multivariate GARCH-in-Mean model. Second, we study the structural breaks in the US risk premium. Finally, we relate the obtained results to important facts and economic events. Our findings show that the US risk premium increased significantly during periods of crisis and that the last 2007-2009 financial crisis has had the largest impact.
Diagnosing transit times on the northwestern North Atlantic continental shelf

Abstract. The circulation in the northwestern North Atlantic Ocean is highly complex, characterized by the confluence of two major western boundary current systems and several shelf currents. Here we present the first comprehensive analysis of transport paths and timescales for the northwestern North Atlantic shelf, which is useful for estimating ventilation rates, describing circulation and mixing, characterizing the composition of water masses with respect to different source regions, and elucidating rates and patterns of biogeochemical processing, species dispersal, and genetic connectivity. Our analysis uses dye and age tracers within a high-resolution circulation model of the region, divided into nine subregions, to diagnose retention times, transport pathways, and transit times. Retention times are shortest on the Scotian Shelf (∼ 3 months), where the inshore and shelf-break branches of the coastal current system result in high along-shelf transport to the southwest, and on the Grand Banks (∼ 3 months). Larger retention times are simulated in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (∼ 12 months) and the Gulf of Maine (∼ 6 months). Source water analysis shows that Scotian Shelf water is primarily comprised of waters from the Grand Banks and Gulf of St. Lawrence, with varying composition across the shelf. Contributions from the Gulf of St. Lawrence are larger at near-shore locations, whereas locations near the shelf break have larger contributions from the Grand Banks and slope waters. Waters from the deep slope have little connectivity with the shelf, because the shelf-break current inhibits transport across the shelf break. Grand Banks and Gulf of St. Lawrence waters are therefore dominant controls on biogeochemical properties, and on setting and sustaining planktonic communities on the Scotian Shelf.
Comparison of Mastery Learning and Traditional Lecture–Exam Models in a Large Enrollment Physics Course

This study describes the impact of two pedagogical models, mastery-based, self-paced learning versus traditional lecture and exam, on student performance, study behavior and confidence in an introductory physics course. The “control” course was designed as a traditional lecture and recitation course with three major exams and final exam (LRE). The “experimental” course, which drew on Bloom’s Learning for Mastery and Keller’s Personalized System of Instruction models, was designed as mastery-based, self-paced instruction (MSP) where students were required to pass each of 17 module exams with a minimum score of 90% score and to complete a final exam. To compare groups, both received the same written, final exam. A quasiexperimental design was used. Final exam results showed that the MSP group mean was higher (M=67.4, SD=15.7, N=151) than that for the LRE group (M=60.6, SD=17.5, N=160) (t(309)=2.179, p<0.001). At-risk students in the MSP course also performed better than a comparative group in the LRE course. Preand post-course written surveys revealed that the MSP group’s mean confidence in physics skills was higher than LRE group mean by the end of course. Observations and student and teaching assistant interviews about student study processes highlighted a greater prevalence of “deep learning” and “strategic learning” strategies used by the MSP group compared to the LRE group.
On Riesz transforms and maximal functions in the context of Gaussian Harmonic Analysis

The purpose of this paper is twofold. We introduce a general maximal function on the Gaussian setting which dominates the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck maximal operator and prove its weak type (1,1) by using a covering lemma which is halfway between Besicovitch and Wiener. On the other hand, by taking as a starting point the generalized Cauchy-Riemann equations, we introduce a new class of Gaussian Riesz Transforms. We prove, using the maximal function defined in the first part of the paper, that unlike the ones already studied, these new Riesz Transforms are weak type (1,1) independently of their orders.
Comparing Sudden Stratospheric Warming Definitions in Reanalysis Data

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are characterized by a pronounced increase of the stratospheric polar temperature during the winter season. Different definitions have been used in the literature to diagnose the occurrence of SSWs, yielding discrepancies in the detected events. The aim of this paper is to compare the SSW climatologies obtained by different methods using reanalysis data. The occurrences of Northern Hemisphere SSWs during the extended-winter season and the 1958-2014 period have been identified for a suite of eight representative definitions and three different reanalyses. Overall, and despite the differences in the number and exact dates of occurrence of SSWs, the main climatological signatures of SSWs are not sensitive to the considered reanalysis.The mean frequency of SSWs is 6.7 events decade^-1, but it ranges from 4 to 10 events, depending on the method. The seasonal cycle of events is statistically indistinguishable across definitions, with a common peak in January. However, the multidecadal variability is method dependent, with only two definitions displaying minimum frequencies in the 1990s. An analysis of the mean signatures of SSWs in the stratosphere revealed negligible differences among methods compared to the large case-to-case variability within a given definition.The stronger and more coherent tropospheric signals before and after SSWs are associated with major events, which are detected by most methods. The tropospheric signals of minor SSWs are less robust, representing the largest source of discrepancy across definitions. Therefore, to obtain robust results, future studies on stratosphere-troposphere coupling should aim to minimize the detection of minor warmings.