Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth Traits and the Trade-Offs for Tree Species with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Tropical Rain Forest Edge at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on seedling growth across the rain forest-pasture edge has not received much attention. In a tropical rain forest in eastern Mexico, the seedlings of light demanding (Ficus insipida), nonsecondary light demanding (Lonchocarpus cruentus) and shade tolerant species (Nectandra ambigens, Coccoloba hondurensis) were grown and transplanted to a forest edge with three inoculation treatments (AM fungus spores and colonized roots, spores, and no inoculum). For all species, stem height, stem diameter, total dry weight, leaf area and net assimilation rate were higher in the pasture. Stem height, stem diameter and root/shoot were higher for L. cruentus, and leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and net assimilation rate were higher for F. insipida; the lowest values of almost all variables were recorded for N. ambigens. L. cruentus and C. hondurensis with mycorrhizae had the highest values for root/shoot and net assimilation rate, respectively. The lowest values of root/shoot and net assimilation rate were observed for nonlight-demanding species in the forest. There were clear trade-offs for the pioneer species between survival and growth, and in underground biomass allocation and assimilation for nonsecondary light demanding, but there was not for the shade-tolerant species.
Hydrological Drought in the Anthropocene: Impacts of Local Water Extraction and Reservoir Regulation in the U.S.

Hydrological drought is a substantial negative deviation from normal hydrologic conditions and is influenced by climate and human activities such as water management. By perturbing the streamflow regime, climate change and water management may significantly alter drought characteristics in the future. Here we utilize a high‐resolution integrated modeling framework that represents water management in terms of both local surface water extraction and reservoir regulation and use the Standardized Streamflow Index to quantify hydrological drought. We explore the impacts of water management on hydrological drought over the contiguous U.S. in a warming climate with and without emissions mitigation. Despite the uncertainty of climate change impacts, local surface water extraction consistently intensifies drought that dominates at the regional to national scale. However, reservoir regulation alleviates drought by enhancing summer flow downstream of reservoirs. The relative dominance of drought intensification or relief is largely determined by the water demand, with drought intensification dominating in regions with intense water demand such as the Great Plains and California, while drought relief dominates in regions with low water demand. At the national level, water management increases the spatial extent of extreme drought despite some alleviations of moderate to severe drought. In an emissions mitigation scenario with increased irrigation demand for bioenergy production, water management intensifies drought more than the business‐as‐usual scenario at the national level, so the impacts of emissions mitigation must be evaluated by considering its benefit in reducing warming and evapotranspiration against its effects on increasing water demand and intensifying drought.
Simulation of Solid Particle Impact Behavior for Spray Processes

Several thermal spray processes developed recently are characterized by relatively low temperature and higher velocity of sprayed particles. They include cold spray, high velocity oxy-fuel spray, and warm spray, in which majority or all the sprayed particles are in solid phase when impinging onto the substrate surface. Therefore, in order to understand the coating formation process of such processes, detailed knowledge concerning impact phenomena of a solid particle is essential. It is generally accepted that there exists a minimum velocity beyond which a particle adheres to the substrate and this velocity is called the ‘‘critical velocity’’. How the critical velocity depends on various materials and process variables is not fully understood yet. In this study, analysis of a metal particle impacting onto a metal substrate was carried out by using a dynamic finite element code (ABAQUS). Effects of a substrate and a particle temperature on the critical velocity were numerically studied. Also, effects of thermal conduction on the simulation results were discussed. It was found that critical velocity decreases with 1) higher stiffness of the substrate, 2) higher particles temperature, and 3) greater particle size. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.47. 1697]
Tick Size Implementation of Kompas 100 Index at Indonesia Stock Exchange

Tick Mechanism was included in market microstructure. It studied the process which investors’ latent demands were ultimately translated into prices and volumes. This research reviewed the theoretical, empirical, and experimental literature on market microstructure relating to return, volatility, and liquidity after implementation of new tick size in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The study took a sample of Kompas 100 index because it was represented all level of tick size at IDX. The data were analyzed using differences test with analysis tools e-views. Using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, there were not significance difference of volatility, return, and liquidity after the implementation of new tick size. The difference of implementation new tick size were contrary results that old tick size has a positive value to return and liquidity while it was negative for volatility. It means that increasing of liquidity and return have the impact to volatility. While the implementation of new tick size has the negative impact to return, liquidity, and volatility.
Factor Structure of Japanese Versions of Two Emotional Intelligence Scales

This article reports the psychometric properties of two emotional intelligence measures translated into Japanese. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the factor structure of a Japanese version of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) completed by 310 Japanese university students. A second study employed CFA to examine the factor structure of a Japanese version of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) completed by 200 Japanese university students drawn from the first study. A four-factor model was replicated for both the WLEIS and for the SEIS. Structural equation modeling indicated that higher WLEIS and SEIS scores were related to higher self-reported satisfaction with life.
ROLE OF RURAL WOMEN IN DAIRY FARMING OF RAJKOT DISTRICT

A survey based study was carried out to ascer tain the role and participation of r ural women in dair y farming, using a pr etested interview schedule by personal interview for sample size of 240 rural women in Jasdan,Morbi and Maliya tehsils of Rajkot district, Gujarat (India). The sociopersonal study revealed that majority of the women were middle aged (55%) in joint families (65%) with 53.33 per cent being literates. Most of the respondent families were mar ginal farmers (33.33 %) with low annual family income (60.83 %) having agriculture (52.5 %) as the major occupation. About 30 operations of dair y farming were selected in consultation with experts and were br oadly categorized into six aspects as feeding, management, breeding, health care, pr ocessing & marketing and miscellaneous. The study revealed that women participation was maximum in caring of pregnant animals (91.66%) followed by taking animals for pregnancy diagnosis (90.83 %). The study revealed that 90 per cent women involved in milking while 89.16 per cent women cared for newborn or young animals. The farmwomen actively involved in cleaning of animal sheds (89.16 %), feeding the animals (87%) and disposal of cow dung (86.66 %). The farm women participation was least in farm record maintenance (52.5%) and getting loans or cr edits from the banks (49.16 %). The study concluded that women participated mostly in nonfinancial activities and there is a need to educate farm women about scientific management practices for increasing livestock production.
New alignments in North American Crataegus (Rosaceae)

New combinations are made for 30 southeastern USA Crataegus entities. The following varieties are designated: C. allegheniensis Beadle var. extraria, C. allegheniensis var. ignava, C. allegheniensis var. mira, C. sororia Beadle var. segnis, C. sororia var. visenda, C. intricata Lange var biltmoreana, C. intricata var. fortunata, C. intricata var. horseyi, C. intricata var. padifolia, C. alabamensis Beadle var. florens, C. alabamensis var. ravenelii, C. alabamensis var. teres, C. lassa Beadle var. colonica, C. lassa var integra, C. lassa var. lanata, C. lassa var. recurva, C. munda Beadle var. pexa, C. quaesita Beadle var. egens, C. quaesita var. floridana, C. mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele var. dumetosa, C. mollis var. lanuginosa, C. mollis var. meridionalis, C. mollis var. texana, C. mollis var. viburnifolia, C. uniflora Muench. var. brittonii, C. pruinosa (Wendl.) K. Koch var. gattingeri, C. pulcherrima W.W. Ashe var. incilis, C. pulcherrima var. opima, C. sargentii Beadle var. gilva, C. venusta Beadle var. pallens.
The Operating Performance of Buyout IPOs in the UK and the Influence of Private Equity Financing

This paper evaluates the operating performance of buyout firms that exit through IPOs using a sample of 178 UK companies over the period 1980-1998. In particular, we consider the operating performance of buyout firms, measured by cash flow to total assets, asset turnover and cash flow to sales, from three years before IPO to five years following IPO. We find that operating performance steadily increases before IPO, peaking in the year immediately prior to flotation. Following IPO, operating performance steadily declines, and within five years, is not significantly different from the industry average. We go on to investigate the role of private equity (PE) providers in the performance of buyout IPOs. In contrast with evidence for US venture capital backed non-buyout IPOs, we find no significant difference in pre-IPO or post-IPO operating performance between PE-backed and non-PE-backed buyouts. However, we do find a difference in performance between buyouts backed by prestigious and non-prestigious PE firms. We also find that, consistent with other studies, younger, less experienced PE firms tend to bring their buyouts to IPO more quickly than more experienced PE firms, and that these firms experience lower post-IPO operating performance.
The relationship among change implementation, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior in the Business Process Outsourcing industry in South Africa

The unique and dynamic Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry in South Africa strives to thrive in a challenging business environment with the attendant need for stability, loyal and satisfied workforce. An empirical investigation was, therefore, conducted utilizing managerial and non-managerial employees in a stratified sampling technique. Questionnaires were administered to 250 employees from four selected organizations. The essence was to examine the nature of the relationship among change implementation, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Four significant results emerged. Firstly, there is a positive but moderate relationship between change implementation and OCB; there is a high or strong positive relationship between change implementation and job satisfaction; there is a positive, but moderate relationship between OCB and job satisfaction; and lastly the results confirm the assumption that job satisfaction moderates the relationship between change implementation and OCB. BPO firms need to understand the effects of change implementation on OCB and job satisfaction. This is because change management is inevitable in the BPO industry; therefore, organizations have to be constantly alert to tackle its demands.
Dual-role factors in data envelopment analysis

This paper presents a methodology for dealing with performance evaluation settings where factors can simultaneously play both input and output roles. Model structures are developed for classifying Decision-Making Units (DMUs) into three groups according to whether such a factor is behaving like an output, an input, or is in equilibrium, neither wanting to lose or gain any of the factors. We connect these ideas to those involving increasing, decreasing and constant returns to scale. Examples of factors that play this dual-role are: trainees in organizations, such as nurses, medical students, and doctoral students; awards to scholars or university departments; certain revenue—generating transactions in banks, and so on. We apply the model to the analysis of a set of university departments. In some settings, a dual-role factor may be one that can be reallocated, such as would be the case when DMUs are managed by a central authority. We develop the appropriate model structures to permit such a reallocation. We present two such structures, with the first involving reallocation from an existing allocation, and the second, a zero-base allocation.
Are Jurors’ Judgments about Confessions Affected by Juvenile Defendant Race?

This research is focused on understanding jurors’ beliefs about how much weight juvenile defendants’ confessions should be given, especially when the confessions were coerced. This is an important topic because adolescents are vulnerable and at risk for producing false confessions. Because of their age and other developmental factors, they can sometimes be coerced by police during interrogation to admit to crimes they did not commit. Once a confession is obtained, it can be very persuasive to jurors because it is hard for them to believe that someone would admit to a crime they did not commit. This can lead to wrongful convictions. Furthermore, certain racial groups are treated unfairly in the criminal justice system, yet no previous studies have examined whether defendant race affects the way potential jurors view confession evidence. Thus, this mock trial research investigates whether jurors are able to disregard a coerced confession made by a juvenile defendant, and whether that decision is affected by the race of the juvenile. Participants completed an online experimental survey in which they read a summary of a case involving a 12-year-old girl charged with murdering her father. The girl defendant was either Black or White and she either gave no confession, a voluntary confession, or a coerced confession. Effects of defendant race and confession type on jurors’ judgments were measured via suspicion-of-guilt and degree-of-guilt ratings. Results indicate that jurors were able to discount a coerced confession for both the Black and White girl offender, but held the Black girl more accountable in the voluntary confession condition. Implications for ensuring fair and just jury trials will be discussed.
Time on feedlot and sexual effects on animal performance and characteristics of lamb’s meat

For this research 48 male lambs were divided in randomized blocks in a factorial design, having as factors sexual condition (castrated or uncastrated) and time on feed (36 or 78 days). High grain diet was monitored daily to measure the performance of the animal nutrition. The characteristics of the carcass and meat were taken for the fatty acids profile and sensorial analysis. The effect of the factors as sexual condition and time on feed, and the interaction between them, were evaluated by analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS software and the treatment averages were compared by Student's T test. The uncastrated animals presented greater weight gain and dry matter intake, better feed efficiency, and larger loin area. More time on feed resulted in higher weight at slaughter. Parameters such as pH, color, meat tenderness and sensorial attributes were not affected by treatments. For the fatty acid profile there was effects and interactions between sexual condition and time on feed. It is concluded that castration should not be used when the animal is young and slaughtered and feed intensively, but neutering can be interesting to improve the fatty acid profile of the meat.
Developments in Single and Multi-photon Fluorescence Microscopy for High Resolution Imaging

Fluorescence imaging has revolutionized the fi eld of Biology and improved our understanding of biological phenomena with super-resolution capabilities. This has become the basic tool for unveiling the biological complex processes in a variety of fundamental studies. In this respect, single and multiphoton fl uorescence microscopy have overcome many limitations. While epifl uorescence and confocal fl uorescence microscopy are being routinely used for diagnostics and study of biomolecules, new developments during the last decade has led to many exciting imaging techniques such as, super-resolution microscopy (STED, STORM, PALM and structured illumination), depth imaging microscopy, multi-focal microscopy and lightsheet microscopy. These techniques have advanced the reach of fl uorescence microscopy in many fi elds ranging from nano-optics to bioimaging. In this brief review article, we will review some of the popular, recent and widely used single and multi-photon fl uorescence microscopy techniques.
Empagliflozin and Heart Failure.

The world of diabetes mellitus entered a new era when, in 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration guidance recommended rigorous evaluations of cardiovascular safety for new glucose-lowering therapies. The findings of the cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) are now fueling a fundamental shift in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the relatively narrow focus on glycemic control to a much broader paradigm of comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction. This move is appropriate and, as evidenced by the results of the CVOTs, much needed because there are important differences across the classes of antihyperglycemic agents with regard to their cardiovascular effects. The CVOTs with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors revealed that although dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are neutral for the outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events,1–3 they may in some cases increase the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). 4 Conversely, several glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor analogs have demonstrated favorable effects on major adverse cardiovascular events, and one (liraglutide) had an effect on cardiovascular death.5 The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have consistently demonstrated a significantly lower risk of HHF, and recently completed CVOTs have shown benefits with regard to the progression of chronic kidney disease.5–7 In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study (BI 10773 [Empagliflozin] Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients), patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were randomized to receive empagliflozin or placebo (Figure). 8 It is important to point out that placebo implied active non–SGLT2i-based therapy to lower glucose, such that glycemic differences between groups could be minimized in an attempt to study the glucose-independent effects of the active therapy. Although EMPA-REG OUTCOME demonstrated a modest, but statistically significant, 14% relative risk reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events, there was a robust reduction in cardiovascular (38%) and all-cause (32%) mortality and a 35% reduction in HHF with empagliflozin. The mortality and heart failure benefits appeared early after treatment initiation and were observed regardless of a history of heart failure and across the spectrum of estimated glomerular filtration rate (≥30 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2). Subsequent large CVOTs of 2 other SGLT2is, namely canagliflozin and dapagliflozin (the CANVAS Program [Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study] and DECLARE–TIMI 58 study [Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Events–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58], respectively),6 confirmed the heart failure prevention benefits of SGLT2is as a class in a broader population of patients with and without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nonetheless, questions remain about the effect of SGLT2is in the much broader, truly primary prevention © 2019 American Heart Association, Inc.
Maternal transfer of carbon and nitrogen to progeny of sea-run and resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

Early-life history characteristics of sea-run and resident salmonid fishes that co-exist in sympatry are poorly understood. To assess differences in characteristics of offspring of these two strategies following their emergence to the stream, stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were used to identify the progeny of resident and sea-run female brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a tributary of the Miramichi River, New Brunswick, Canada. Upon emergence, sea-run progeny captured in emergence traps were longer, heavier, and had higher carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N, an indicator of lipid content) than resident progeny, but did not have a higher body condition. After some feeding and growth in the stream, sea-run progeny (still identifiable by their δ13C and δ15N) captured in dip-nets became longer, heavier, had higher C/N, and had higher condition than resident progeny. The proportion of fish caught in dip nets at sites where the two forms co-existed was dominated by offspring of sea-run females (sea-run .
Social Support as Moderator of Job-Specific or Generic Stressors with Strains

SOCIAL SUPPORT AS MODERATOR OF JOB-SPECIFIC OR GENERIC STRESSORS WITH STRAINS by Kaci D. Mabe Two studies examining the relationship between job-specific stressors and strains versus the relationship between generic stressors with strain, as well as the moderating role of social support (from coworkers and administrators), are presented. Eighteen primary school teachers from a private Jewish day school (Study 1) and 242 teachers from an Arizona school district (Study 2) completed self-administered surveys. Results indicated that job-specific (vs. generic) stressors had a stronger positive relationship with strains, but social support was a better moderator for the relationship between generic stressors and strain. As hypothesized, administrator support had a reverse-buffering effect on the stressor-strain relationship in Study 2. Coworker support buffered the stressor-strain relationship in Study 2, but had a reverse-buffering effect in Study 1. Social support moderated the generic stressor-strain relationship, but did not have a moderating effect on the job-specific stressor and strain relationship. These results suggest that examining generic stressors is valuable for comparing across different occupations and organizations. However, studying job-specific stressors may still be important for getting at relevant factors influencing work behaviors in a given organizational context.
Housing Market Dynamics: Any News?

This paper quanti…es the importance of news shocks for housing market ‡uctuations. To this purpose, we extend Iacoviello and Neri (2010)’s model of the housing market to include news shocks and estimate it using Bayesian methods and U.S. data. We …nd that news shocks: (1) account for a sizable fraction of the variability in house prices and other macroeconomic variables over the business cycle and (2) signi…cantly contributed to booms and busts episodes in house prices over the last three decades. By linking news shocks to agents’expectations, we …nd that house price growth was positively related to in‡ation expectations during the boom of the late 1970’s while it was negatively related to interest rate expectations during the housing boom that peaked in the mid-2000’s.