Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Community and Multi-Industry Impacts of Cascading Failures in Power Systems

Many economic activities strongly depend on critical infrastructure systems, especially the electric power system. Failures in the electric power infrastructure not only cause the disruption of power supply but also result in losses in productivity across other dependent industries. This paper aims to develop a framework that uniquely integrates an ac power flow based cascading failure analysis for the electric network with a multiregional, multi-industry interdependence model to quantify the short-term economic impacts of electric power disruption due to cascading failures. An ac power flow based cascading failure analysis is developed to enable the accurate reproduction and consequences estimation of a cascading event. We use the economic interdependence model to evaluate the economic impact of a cascading event taking into account spatial explicitness and cross-border effects. The economic impacts due to both the direct power supply disruption and the workforce unavailability are estimated. A case study was conducted on the Swiss electric network, accounting for the international impact on other related countries. The results provide guidance for ranking the criticality of the elements in the electric network and for identifying the vulnerable regions and economic sectors that could be strengthened through preparedness planning.
Pancreatic Hormone Responses to Mixed Meal Test in New-onset Prediabetes/Diabetes After Non-necrotizing Acute Pancreatitis

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Aim: To investigate the pancreatic hormone responses to mixed meal test, in particular changes in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and their interrelationship, in individuals with new-onset prediabetes or diabetes after non-necrotizing acute pancreatitis (NODAP) compared with healthy controls. Methods: Twenty-nine individuals with NODAP and 29 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants (after fasting for at least 8 h) were given 12 oz. of BOOST drink and blood samples were collected before and after stimulation to measure insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide. Indices of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS, 1/fasting insulin, Raynaud, and Matsuda) and insulin secretion (HOMA-β, Stumvoll, insulinogenic index 30ʹ and 60ʹ) were calculated. Repeated measures analyses were conducted in the unadjusted and adjusted models. Results: Insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher in individuals with NODAP compared with controls during mixed meal test in both the unadjusted (P=0.001 for both) and adjusted (P=0.004 and P=0.006, respectively) models. HOMA-IS (P=0.005), 1/fasting insulin (P=0.018), Raynaud index (P=0.018), and Matsuda index (P=0.021) were significantly lower in individuals with NODAP, whereas HOMA-β (P=0.028) and Stumvoll index (P=0.013) were significantly higher. Glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide levels did not differ significantly between NODAP and controls during mixed meal test in both the unadjusted (P=0.345 and P=0.206, respectively) and adjusted (P=0.359 and P=0.158, respectively) models. Conclusions: Decreased insulin sensitivity, β-cell compensation, and no significant change in postprandial levels of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide characterize NODAP. The above findings may help develop an evidence-based protocol with a view to optimize control of glucose homeostasis in NODAP.
Formalisation and subordination: a contingency theory approach to optimising primary care teams

Objective While there is consensus on the need to strengthen primary care capacities to improve healthcare systems’ performance and sustainability, there is only limited evidence on the best way to organise primary care teams. In this article, we use a conceptual framework derived from contingency theory to analyse the structures and process optimisation of multiprofessional primary care teams. Design We focus specifically on inter-relationships between three dimensions: team size, formalisation of care processes and nurse autonomy. Interview-based qualitative data for each of these three dimensions were converted into ordinal scores. Data came from eight pilot sites in Quebec (Canada). Results We found a positive association between team size and formalisation (correlation score 0.55) and a negative covariation (correlation score −0.64) between care process formalisation and nurses’ autonomy/subordination. Despite the study being exploratory in nature, such relationships validate the idea that these dimensions should be analysed conjointly and are coherent with our suggestion that using a framework derived from a contingency approach makes sense. Conclusions The results provide insights about the structural design of nurse-intensive primary care teams. Non-physicians’ professional autonomy is likely to be higher in smaller teams. Likewise, a primary care team that aims to increase nurses’ and other non-physicians’ professional autonomy should be careful about the extent to which it formalises its processes.
Clinical profile of children with Metabolic liver diseases presenting in a Tertiary care hospital

Metabolic liver diseases in children can present with wide range of clinical features. In the present work, an attempt has been made to analyze the clinical profile of children over two years from 2009 to 2011 in the Paediatric Liver Clinic, Outpatient Department and Paediatric Inpatient Department of Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. We can conclude from the results of the present study that apart from features of chronic liver diseases, many children suffer from characteristic facial features, eye changes and neurological features like regression of milestones and dystonia.
A divergence between underlying and final causes of death in selected conditions: an analysis of death registries in Peru

Background The underlying cause of death is used to study country and global mortality trends and profiles. The final cause of death could also inform the ultimately cause of death in individuals with underlying conditions. Whether there is a pattern between the underlying and final cause of death has not been explored using national death registries. We studied what final causes of death were most common among selected underlying causes using national death registries in Peru, 2015. Methods Underlying and final causes of death were classified according to their ICD-10 codes. Underlying causes included chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes, and selected cancers (cervix, breast, stomach, prostate, and lung). Final causes were categorized as: communicable, cardiovascular, and cancers. Descriptive statistics were used. Results A total of 77,065 death registries were analyzed; cases had a mean age of 69.4 (SD: 19.3) years at death and were mostly men (53.9%). When the underlying cause was HTN, the most frequent final cause was cardiovascular diseases (82.3%). For all the other underlying causes, the most frequent final cause was communicable diseases: COPD (86.4%), CKD (79.3%), cancer (76.5%), and diabetes (68.3%). Conclusions In four selected underlying causes of death there was a divergence with respect to the final cause, suggesting there was a shift from non-communicable to communicable causes. Although efforts should be deployed to prevent underlying non-communicable diseases, potential communicable complications should not be neglected.
Evaluation of the prick test results of patients with allergic rhinitis in Van province

“12. Türk Rinoloji 4. Ulusal Otoloji Nörootoloji Kongresi’nde (2016) poster bildiri olarak sunulmuştır” *Sorumlu Yazar: Dr. Mehmet Hafit Gür Van Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kulak Burun Boğaz Kliniği, İpekyolu Caddesi, Hava Yolu Kavşağı 1. Kilometre 65300 Edremit Van/Türkiye, E-mail: hafitgur@hotmail.com, Telefon: +90 (432) 215 76 01 /3420, Faks: +90 (432) 212 19 54 Geliş Tarihi: 24.01. 2017, Kabul Tarihi: 05.06. 2017 KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA / CLINICAL RESEARCH
Spruce and beech as local determinants of forest fungal community structure in litter, humus and mineral soil

&NA; Beech forests reaches its native distribution limit in SE Norway, but is expected to expand substantially northwards due to climate warming. This may potentially result in a fundamental transformation of contemporary Northern European forests, with tentative effects on the associated belowground fungi. Fungal communities mediate vital ecosystem processes such as ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration in boreal forests. To investigate how soil fungi is affected by the vegetation transition from spruce to beech forest, we sampled litter, humus and mineral soil in a forest landscape dominated by beech, spruce or a mixture of these. The fungal communities in the soil samples were analyzed by DNA metabarcoding of the rDNA ITS2 region. Although soil layers were the most important structuring gradient, we found clear differences in fungal species composition between spruce and beech plots. The differences in fungal community composition were most evident in the litter and least in the mineral soil. Decomposers, most notably Mycena, dominated the litter layer while various mycorrhizal fungi dominated the humus and mineral layers. Some ectomycorrhizal taxa, such as Cenoccocum and Russula, were more abundant in spruce forests. Differences in fungal community composition between forest types can potentially have large impacts on carbon sequestration rates. &NA; Graphical Abstract Figure. Spruce and beech as local determinants of forest fungal community structure in litter, humus and mineral soil.
On the seasonal evolution of thermophysical drivers and passive microwave emissions on first-year sea ice

The present research focuses on coupling thermophysical variables over smooth landfast first-year sea ice with its microwave emissions. A surface based radiometer (SBR) was used to collect microwave emissions on 19-, 37- and 85 GHz, both vertical and horizontal polarizations over a fixed area. Data were collected during the Collaborative-Interdisciplinary Cryospheric Experiment (C-ICE) between May 15 and June 25, 2000, in the Canadian High Arctic. It expands from winter-like ice environment to advanced melt. Analysis was conducted in a seasonal basis taking into consideration observed changes in the physical characteristics of the sea-ice. Winter was represented by thick, stable, snow-covered sea-ice, followed by three melt-pond stages: ablation 1, ablation 2/3, and ablation 4, following the characterization described in Yackel (2001).
Understanding the Processes of Translation and Transliteration in Qualitative Research

There has been growing interest in the use of qualitative methods in health research amongst health and social care professionals. Good qualitative cross-cultural research analysis is not an easy task as it involves knowledge of different approaches, techniques and command of the appropriate languages. This article aims to discuss and explore some of the key processes and concepts involved in conducting translation and transliteration of qualitative research.
Collaging on Internal Representations: An Intuitive Approach for Semantic Transfiguration

We present a novel CNN-based image editing method that allows the user to change the semantic information of an image over a user-specified region. Our method makes this possible by combining the idea of manifold projection with spatial conditional batch normalization (sCBN), a version of conditional batch normalization with user-specifiable spatial weight maps. With sCBN and manifold projection, our method lets the user perform (1) spatial class translation that changes the class of an object over an arbitrary region of user's choice, and (2) semantic transplantation that transplants semantic information contained in an arbitrary region of the reference image to an arbitrary region in the target image. These two transformations can be used simultaneously, and can realize a complex composite image-editing task like "change the nose of a beagle to that of a bulldog, and open her mouth. " The user can also use our method with intuitive copy-paste-style manipulations. We demonstrate the power of our method on various images. Code will be available at this https URL.
A Survey of the Yemeni Translation Market Needs

Academic programs have changed to become learner-centered. As such, programs are based on the competences that learners should acquire. One major source for these competences is the market. The aim of this study was to identify the translation competences needed by the Yemeni market. Drawing on recent literature, the researcher developed a questionnaire, and a total number of 50 professional translators – working in Sana’a – filled the questionnaire. It included 35 items distributed to five categories: bilingual competence, cultural competence, translation competence, instrumental competence, and strategic competence, in addition to psycho-physiological components of translators. Results revealed that all translation competences were important and needed by the market; none was marked as unimportant. Specifically, 21 of them were highly important. The highest degrees of importance were for basic skills without which translation tasks can never be done: language competence, bicultural competence, problem solving procedures, and use of dictionaries and information mining. Meanwhile, the focus –though needed – was less on the competences of interpreting and modern translation technologies which can be attributed to the difficult times Yemen experiences currently that caused recession in the translation market.That was obvious in the lack of conferences and official activities, in additionto the lack of specialists in translation technology.
Effect of Lanadelumab Compared With Placebo on Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Current treatments for long-term prophylaxis in hereditary angioedema have limitations. Objective To assess the efficacy of lanadelumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits active plasma kallikrein, in preventing hereditary angioedema attacks. Design, Setting, and Participants Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 41 sites in Canada, Europe, Jordan, and the United States. Patients were randomized between March 3, 2016, and September 9, 2016; last day of follow-up was April 13, 2017. Randomization was 2:1 lanadelumab to placebo; patients assigned to lanadelumab were further randomized 1:1:1 to 1 of the 3 dose regimens. Patients 12 years or older with hereditary angioedema type I or II underwent a 4-week run-in period and those with 1 or more hereditary angioedema attacks during run-in were randomized. Interventions Twenty-six-week treatment with subcutaneous lanadelumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (n = 28), 300 mg every 4 weeks (n = 29), 300 mg every 2 weeks (n = 27), or placebo (n = 41). All patients received injections every 2 weeks, with those in the every-4-week group receiving placebo in between active treatments. Main Outcome and Measures Primary efficacy end point was the number of investigator-confirmed attacks of hereditary angioedema over the treatment period. Results Among 125 patients randomized (mean age, 40.7 years [SD, 14.7 years]; 88 females [70.4%]; 113 white [90.4%]), 113 (90.4%) completed the study. During the run-in period, the mean number of hereditary angioedema attacks per month in the placebo group was 4.0; for the lanadelumab groups, 3.2 for the every-4-week 150-mg group; 3.7 for the every-4-week 300-mg group; and 3.5 for the every-2-week 300-mg group. During the treatment period, the mean number of attacks per month for the placebo group was 1.97; for the lanadelumab groups, 0.48 for the every-4-week 150-mg group; 0.53 for the every-4-week 300-mg group; and 0.26 for the every-2-week 300-mg group. Compared with placebo, the mean differences in the attack rate per month were −1.49 (95% CI, −1.90 to −1.08; P < .001); −1.44 (95% CI, −1.84 to −1.04; P < .001); and −1.71 (95% CI, −2.09 to −1.33; P < .001). The most commonly occurring adverse events with greater frequency in the lanadelumab treatment groups were injection site reactions (34.1% placebo, 52.4% lanadelumab) and dizziness (0% placebo, 6.0% lanadelumab). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with hereditary angioedema type I or II, treatment with subcutaneous lanadelumab for 26 weeks significantly reduced the attack rate compared with placebo. These findings support the use of lanadelumab as a prophylactic therapy for hereditary angioedema. Further research is needed to determine long-term safety and efficacy. Trial Registration EudraCT Identifier: 2015-003943-20; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02586805
A Combined Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Localized Electroporation-based Transfection and Sampling

Localized electroporation has evolved as an effective technology for the delivery of foreign molecules into adherent cells, and more recently, for the sampling of cytosolic content from a small population of cells. Unlike bulk electroporation, where the electric field is poorly controlled, localized electroporation benefits from the spatial localization of the electric field on a small areal fraction of the cell membrane, resulting in efficient molecular transport and high cell-viability. Although there have been numerous experimental reports, a mechanistic understanding of the different parameters involved in localized electroporation is lacking. In this work, we developed a multiphysics model that a) predicts the electro-pore distribution in response to the local transmembrane potential and b) calculates the molecular transport into and out of the cell based on the predicted pore-sizes. Using the model, we identify that cell membrane tension plays a crucial role in enhancing both the amount and the uniformity of molecular transport, particularly for large proteins and plasmids. We qualitatively validate the model predictions by delivering large molecules (fluorescent-tagged bovine serum albumin and mCherry encoding plasmid) and by sampling an exogeneous protein (tdTomato) in an engineered cell line. The findings presented here should inform the future design of microfluidic devices for localized electroporation based sampling, eventually paving the way for temporal, single-cell analysis.
University of Birmingham Prediction of the intestinal resistome by a three-dimensional structure-based method

Citation for published version (Harvard): Ruppé, E, Ghozlane, A, Tap, J, Pons, N, Alvarez, A-S, Maziers, N, Cuesta, T, Hernando-Amado, S, Clares, I, Martínez, JL, Coque, TM, Baquero, F, Lanza, VF, Máiz, L, Goulenok, T, de Lastours, V, Amor, N, Fantin, B, Wieder, I, Andremont, A, van Schaik, W, Rogers, M, Zhang, X, Willems, RJL, de Brevern, AG, Batto, J-M, Blottière, HM, Léonard, P, Léjard, V, Letur, A, Levenez, F, Weiszer, K, Haimet, F, Doré, J, Kennedy, SP & Ehrlich, SD 2019, 'Prediction of the intestinal resistome by a three-dimensional structure-based method', Nature Microbiology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 112-123. https://doi.org/10.1101/196014, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-0180292-6
Finding a Needle in the Haystack: Attention-Based Classification of High Resolution Microscopy Images

Deep learning for classification of microscopy images is challenging because whole-slide images are high resolution. Due to the large size of these images, they cannot be transferred into GPU memory, so there are currently no end-to-end deep learning architectures for their analysis. Existing work has used a sliding window for crop classification, followed by a heuristic to determine the label for the whole slide. This pipeline is not efficient or robust, however, because crops are analyzed independently of their neighbors and the decisive features for classifying a whole slide are only found in a few regions of interest. In this paper, we present an attention-based model for classification of high resolution microscopy images. Our model dynamically finds regions of interest from a wide-view, then identifies characteristic patterns in those regions for whole-slide classification. This approach is analogous to how pathologists examine slides under the microscope and is the first to generalize the attention mechanism to high resolution images. Furthermore, our model does not require bounding box annotations for the regions of interest and is trainable end-to-end with flexible input. We evaluated our model on a microscopy dataset of Barrett's Esophagus images, and the results showed that our approach outperforms the current state-of-the-art sliding window method by a large margin.
Protective Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Benzo(e) pyrene[B(e)P]-induced Toxicity in ARPE-19 cells

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 17β-estradiol on Benzo(e)pyrene [B(e)P]-induced toxicity in ARPE-19 cells. Methods: We pretreated ARPE-19 cells with 20 nM and 40 nM 17β-estradiol for 6 hours, followed by addition of 300 μM B(e)P for additional 24 hours. Cell viability was measured using Trypan blue dye-exclusion assay. JC-1 assay was performed to measure mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). For a quantitative estimation of cell death, apoptotic markers such as caspase-3/7, caspase-9, and caspase-12 were measured. Results: Our results demonstrated that when treated with B(e)P, the viability and ΔΨm of ARPE-19 cells declined by 25% and 63%, respectively (P < 0.05). However, pretreating with 17β-estradiol increased the viability of ARPE-19 cells by 21% (20 nM) and 10% (40 nM) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the significantly reduced ΔΨm in βE+B(e)P treated cells ARPE-19 cells was restored by pre-treatment with 17β-estradiol- ΔΨm was increased by 177% (20 nM) and 158% (40 nM) (P < 0.05). We further observed a significant up-regulation in the activity of Caspases-3/7, -9, and -12 in B(e)P-treated ARPE-19 cells. However, 17β-estradiol treatment significantly reduced the activity of all apoptotic markers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, our results demonstrate that 17β-estradiol protects ARPE-19 cells against B(e)P-induced toxicity by decreasing apoptosis, preventing cell death, and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential.
Neonatal Septicemia : Bacterial Isolates & Their Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract : Background: Septicemia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn, more so in developing countries due to delivery and postnatal follow up in an unclean environment having more chance of contamination with infective organisms. Moreover these infants are deficient in their inherent protective mechanisms, humoral and cellular immunity. The changing pattern and frequent emergence of resistant bacteria make the problem more difficult. Objectives: (1) To know the etiology of septicemia in neonates. (2) To detect the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods and Material: Blood samples were collected aseptically from 303 newborns admitted in NICU, Sir T Hospital, Bhavnagar during Jan-2006 to August-2008 with sepsis. The specimens were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth & subcultures were performed. The isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolates was studied by Modified Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion technique. Results: A total 140 (46.20%) organisms were isolated. These included Klebsiella (66, 47.14%), Staphylococcus aureus (35, 25%), Coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) (5, 3.57%), E.coli (15, 10.71%), Proteus (5, 3.57%), Acinetobactor (3, 2.14%), Pseudomonas (6, 4.28%) and Candida (5, 3.57%). Majority of organisms isolated were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Maximum sensitivity was seen by Cefoperazone/sulbactum (97%) & Piperacillin/tazobactum (98%) for Gram negative organisms & Vancomycin(100%) for Gram positive organisms. Conclusions: Multi-drug resistance organisms were isolated from septicemia in neonates. Therefore great caution is required in selection of antibiotic therapy. Key-words: Neonatal septicemia, antibiotic sensitivity test, Klebsiella