Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Women’s Adaptation to Motherhood

A better understanding of the process of adaptation to motherhood should enhance nurses’ ability to prepare women for the transition to motherhood and to provide care following childbirth. Knowledge about women’s adaptation to motherhood was developed primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Cesarean birthing was a special focus of research throughout the late 1970s and the 1980s, followed by functional status, and more recently, depression and stress associated with birth and postpartum. Adaptation to motherhood in the context of the early 21st century has received limited attention in nursing research, creating an assumption that the process of adaptation is universal and context-free rather than evolving within the life and societal context of women across generations. Although becoming and being a mother has been described as a normative transition rather than a stressor by some, knowledge development about adaptation to motherhood also has been constrained by the limited use of a unified perspective of transition as a process of adaptation. Therefore, the purposes of this exploratory study were to describe contemporary women’s physical, emotional, functional, and social adaptation to motherhood and to examine the relations of selected demographic and perinatal variables to adaptation to motherhood in the first 3 to 6 weeks of the postpartum.
Lipoprotein (a) upregulates ABCA1 in liver cells via scavenger receptor-B1 through its oxidized phospholipids[S]

Elevated levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] are a well-established risk factor for developing CVD. While Lp(a) levels are thought to be independent of other plasma lipoproteins, some trials have reported a positive association between Lp(a) and HDL. Whether Lp(a) has a direct effect on HDL is not known. Here we investigated to determine whether Lp(a) had any effect on the ABCA1 pathway of HDL production in liver cells. Incubation of HepG2 cells with Lp(a) upregulated the PPARγ protein by 1.7-fold and the liver X receptor α protein by 3-fold. This was accompanied by a 1.8-fold increase in ABCA1 protein and a 1.5-fold increase in cholesterol efflux onto apoA1. We showed that Lp(a) was internalized by HepG2 cells, however, the ABCA1 response to Lp(a) was mediated by the selective uptake of oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) from Lp(a) via the scavenger receptor-B1 and not by Lp(a) internalization per se. We conclude that there is a biological connection between Lp(a) and HDL through the ability of Lp(a)’s oxPLs to upregulate HDL biosynthesis.
Critical Care Interventions for Asthmatic Patients Admitted From the Emergency Department to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and predictors of critical interventions in asthmatic patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a tertiary-care pediatric hospital. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients admitted from our emergency department (ED) to the PICU for treatment of status asthmaticus between January 1, 2008, and March 31, 2013. Patients with concomitant medical conditions and those who received a critical intervention, other than continuously aerosolized albuterol, in the ED before admission were excluded. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical characteristics including clinical asthma scores (CASs), hospital course, and adverse events. Results A total of 384 patients were included in the analyses (mean age, 8.2 ± 4.5 years). Thirty-four patients (8.9%) received at least 1 critical intervention. No patients were intubated, had central venous catheter placement, and developed circulatory collapse or pneumothoraxes. Independent predictors associated with an increased likelihood of receiving a critical intervention included age above 8 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–9.4), previous PICU admission (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5–6.6), altered mental status on ED arrival (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.5–13.4), CAS on ED arrival of 5 or greater (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3–9.1), and CAS on PICU admission of 5 or greater (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.8–10.2). Conclusions Patients admitted to the PICU for status asthmaticus infrequently require critical interventions if they have not been initiated in the ED. Patients with a CAS of less than 5 may be safely managed with continuously aerosolized albuterol on non–critical care units with low risk for clinical deterioration.
Effects of myricetin on the bioavailability of carvedilol in rats

Context: As an inhibitor of CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and P-gp, myricetin might affect the bioavailability of carvedilol when myricetin and carvedilol are used concomitantly for the prevention or therapy of cardiovascular diseases as a combination therapy. However, the effect of myricetin on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol has not been reported in vivo. Objective: This study investigated the effects of myricetin on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol after oral or intravenous administration of carvedilol in rats. Materials and methods: Carvedilol was administered orally or intravenously with or without oral administration of myricetin to rats. Results: The effects of myricetin on P-gp, CYP2C9 and 2D6 activity were evaluated. Myricetin inhibited CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 enzyme activity with IC50 of 13 and 57 μM, respectively. In addition, myricetin significantly enhanced the cellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 in MCF-7/ADR cells overexpressing P-gp. Compared with the control group, the AUC was significantly increased by 52.0–85.1%, and the Cmax was significantly increased by 93.1–133.4% in the presence of myricetin after oral administration of carvedilol. Consequently, the relative bioavailability of carvedilol was increased by 1.17- to 1.85-fold and the absolute bioavailability of carvedilol in the presence of myricetin was increased by 18.1–86.4%. Tmax was significantly decreased. Discussion and conclusion: The enhanced oral bioavailability of carvedilol may result from both inhibition of CYP2C9 or CYP2D6-mediated metabolism and P-gp-mediated efflux of carvedilol in small intestine and/or in liver by myricetin rather than reducing renal elimination. Concomitant use of myricetin or myricetin-containing dietary supplements with carvedilol will require close monitoring for potential drug interactions.
The Sivaganga Eye Survey: II. Outcomes and cataract surgery

PURPOSE To assess the clinical outcomes of cataract surgery in rural southern India. METHODS Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting a crosssectional sample of persons 50 years of age or older for visual acuity measurement, refraction, and ocular examination in 1999. Subjects were queried as to the date and place of surgery for each cataract-operated eye. Surgical complications were noted and the principal cause of reduced vision was identified for eyes with presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18. RESULTS Within the cataract-operated sample of 682 persons, 13.8% had presenting visual acuity worse than 6/60 in both eyes, 25.2% better than or equal to 6/18 in both eyes, and 37.8% were bilaterally operated on. For aphakic eyes, 50.5% presented with visual acuity better than or equal to 6/18; 82.6% with best-correction. For pseudophakic eyes, the corresponding percentages were 78.0% and 94.5%. Over one-third of all eyes were pseudophakic, and nearly threefourths had been operated on in non-governmental facilities. Uncorrected aphakia and other refractive error were the main causes of vision impairment. In multiple logistic regression modeling, poor presenting visual acuity in aphakic eyes was associated with illiteracy, rural residence, and surgery in government facilities; gender and time period of surgery were not predictors of vision outcomes. None of these variables were associated with best-corrected outcomes in aphakic eyes, nor with presenting and best-corrected outcomes in pseudophakic eyes. CONCLUSIONS Visual acuity outcomes in pseudophakic eyes were good. More attention must be given to needless vision impairment among the cataract-operated because of inadequate aphakic correction, especially among those operated on in government facilities, the illiterate, and those living in rural villages.
Effect of Compression Ratio on the Performance of Different Strategies for the Gas Turbine

A clean and safe energy is the greatest challenges in meeting the requirements of green environment. These requirements given way the long time governing authority of steam turbine (ST) in the world power generation, and gas turbine (GT) will replace it. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the characteristics of the GT and optimize its operating strategy by developing a simulation system. Several configurations of the GT plants are proposed by thermal analysis. The integrated model and simulation code for exploiting the performance of GT plant are developed utilizing MATLAB code. The performance code for heavy-duty GT power plants are validated with the Bassily model and the results have been satisfactory. The performance enhancing strategies results show that the higher power output occurs in the intercooler-reheat GT (IHGT) strategy (286 MW). At the compression ratio of 12.4 in the intercooler-regenerative-reheat GT (IRHGT) strategy, the higher (best) thermal efficiency obtained was 50.7 %. While in the IHGT, the lowest thermal efficiency of 22 % to 39.3 % was obtained in the presence of the compression ratio between 3 and 30. Furthermore, the lower fuel consumption (0.14 kg/kWh) occur in the IRHGT strategy. Thus, the compression ratios are strongly influenced on the overall performance of the GT. Keywords: Gas turbine; compression ratio; strategies; performance. INTRODUCTION
The herpes simplex virus type 2 gene ICP10PK protects from apoptosis caused by nerve growth factor deprivation through inhibition of caspase‐3 activation and XIAP up‐regulation

The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) protein ICP10PK has anti‐apoptotic activity in virus‐infected hippocampal cultures through activation of the Ras/Raf‐1/MEK/ERK pathway. To exclude the possible contribution of other viral proteins to cell fate determination, we examined the survival of primary hippocampal cultures and neuronally differentiated PC12 cells transfected with ICP10PK from apoptosis caused by nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal. NGF deprivation caused apoptosis in cultures mock‐transfected or transfected with the kinase‐negative ICP10 mutant p139TM, but not in ICP10PK‐transfected cultures. In one clone (PC47), ICP10PK inhibited caspase‐3 activation through up‐regulation/stabilization of adenylate cyclase (AC), activation of PKA and MEK, and the convergence of the two pathways on extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation. The anti‐apoptotic proteins Bag‐1 and Bcl‐2 were stabilized and the pro‐apoptotic protein Bad was phosphorylated (inactivated). In another clone (PC70), ICP10PK inhibited apoptosis through MEK‐dependent up‐regulation of the anti‐apoptotic protein XIAP (that inhibits the activity of processed caspase‐3) and down‐regulation of the apoptogenic protein Smac/DIABLO. This may be cell‐type specific, but the baculovirus p35 protein did not potentiate the neuroprotective activity of ICP10PK in PC12 cells, suggesting that ICP10PK inhibits both caspase activation and activity. The data indicate that ICP10PK inhibits apoptosis independent of other viral proteins and is a promising neuronal gene therapy platform.
Expression and Function of Egf-Related Peptides and Their Receptors in Gynecological Cancer - From Basic Science to Therapy?

Abstract EGF-related peptides and their receptors play an important, but not fully understood role, both, in epithelial physiology and pathophysiology but also in human tumor carcinogenesis and tumor behavior, respectively. Overexpression of EGF-related growth factors from normal epithelium to carcinomas has been demonstrated for several human tissues such as breast, endometrium, cervix and ovary. Additionally, the differential overexpression of EGFR or erb 5-2 in various malignancies has already proven to be efficacious in stratifying patients with respect to a poor prognosis. These data suggest that EGF-related growth factors, erb B receptors or signaling proteins that function either upstream or downstream from these receptors may represent novel targets for selective tumor therapy. in the future, conventional chemotherapy regimes will ultimately be wedded to more biologically-oriented therapies. One important target for these novel therapeutic approaches in solid tumors will be the EGF-related growth factors and their receptors.
Increased thrombin generation among postmenopausal women using hormone therapy: importance of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens

Objective:Increased thrombin generation has emerged as a new surrogate marker of venous thromboembolism. Using calibrated automated thrombography, we tested the influence of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens on thrombin generation among postmenopausal women using hormone therapy. Methods:Baseline thrombin generation, together with clotting factors and inhibitors, was determined in plasma from 115 healthy postmenopausal women. Women were classified by the use of hormone therapy into three groups: nonusers (n = 38), users of oral estrogens (n = 38), and users of transdermal estrogens (n = 39). Results:Oral estrogens dose dependently increased thrombin generation. Thrombin generation was increased among users of transdermal estrogens combined with progestins but was similar to nonusers among women using transdermal estrogens plus progesterone. Prothrombin was the main determinant of thrombin generation and explained a part of these differences. However, single clotting factors and inhibitors contributed little to the hormone-related changes in thrombin generation. Conclusions:Increased thrombin generation can be detected in women using hormone therapy, but this hypercoagulable phenotype depends both on the route of estrogen administration and the type of progestogens. These findings are consistent with current data on the risk of venous thromboembolism related to hormone therapy.
American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine.

The American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), under the auspices of its Research Committee, and in coordination with and support from The Aircast Foundation, is offering one grant of up to $150,000 to support a clinical research project investigating return to play after musculoskeletal injury. Collaborative, multi-center research studies are strongly encouraged and will be a factor in the review process. Studies investigating concussion are not eligible for this grant opportunity.
Electroneurographic Evaluation of the Facial Nerve

Electroneurography (ENoG) is emerging as a useful clinical tool in evaluation of acute facial nerve paralysis. The method of test performance can have an influence on the test results. This paper describes in detail the method used to perform ENoG at the University of Zurich. The variables that affect the results and methods of avoiding technical problems are emphasized. If ENoG is to be used clinically, the examination should be performed in a manner similar to that described in reports from this institution.
A comparison H∞ control method for uncertain system with time-varying delay

This paper deals with the problem of the delay-dependent guaranteed cost H∞ control for an improvement interval system with time-varying delay. The time-varying delay is assumed to be in an interval and the derivative of the interval time-varying delay is not restricted, and where only the upper and lower bounds are known, this allows a fast time-varying function. Based on the Lyapunov-Ktasovskii functional, which fractionizes the average delay not the lower bound and deal with easily lower bound to be 0, and free weighting matrices approach without using the general model transformation, and bounding technique to handle the uncertain nonlinear matrices between the B and K. A delay-dependent bounded real lemma (BRL) and then a criterion for existence a state feedback controller is established. This guarantees the cost function upper bound and disturbance attenuation lever for all admissible uncertainties. A comparison Numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Optimization of Design Parameters in Dual- $\kappa $  Spacer-Based Nanoscale Reconfigurable FET for Improved Performance

This paper reports various optimization aspects of an ambipolar silicon nanowire field-effect transistor with high-κ source-drain (S/D) spacer using coupled 3-D Technology Computer Aided Design numerical device simulations. The impact of variation in device features, such as spacer material type and length of spacer (Lsp), gate dielectric and its thickness (tox) and intergate distance (dG1G2) on vital performance parameters of the device, such as ION, ION/IOFF, Subthreshold swing (S/S), Vt, and gm/Id, is investigated and analyzed. It is observed that increasing the spacer length increases Band to band tunneling rate probability through the thin barriers at ON-state. Moreover, the permittivity of spacer material is found to be closely related to the lateral fringe lines emanated from gate, resulting in a boosted ION as well as gm/Id at higher κsp. Scaling down the thickness of gate oxide is not found to be a good idea, as it causes a reduction in ON-OFF current ratio though S/S remains mostly unaffected. However, intergate distance scaling is found to have a strong influence on device performance providing higher current drive and lower S/S for both n- and p-programs at lower dG1G2.
Unexpected effect of recruitment procedure on lung volume measured by respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) during high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Background: In clinical practice, one of the major problems in optimizing recruitment or lung volume during HFOV in preterm infants is the inability to accurately measure direct changes in lung volume at bedside. Objective: To evaluate changes in lung volume during the recruitment phase of elective HFOV in preterm infants with RDS using respiratory inductive plethysmography. Material and methods: The preliminary results of an observational prospective study were reported. Newborns with GA ≤ 27 weeks requiring elective HFOV for a diagnosis of RDS were studied within the first 6 hours of life using RIP technology, before surfactant instillation. HFOV was performed with Draeger Babylog 8000 plus ventilator with “optimum lung volume strategy “(continuous distending pressure (CDP) increased step-by-step until FiO2 ≤ 0.25 was reached). Data on ventilator settings, gas exchange and RIP volume were collected and analyzed. The analysis package used in this study visualizes measured data from the Bicore-II device (CareFusion), Pulse Oximeter Masimo, AX300 FiO2 monitor device and TCM4 shuttle (TCM4, Radiometer, Copenaghen, Denmark). Results: Four preterm infants (two females) with mean ± SD gestational age of 26.5 ± 1.0 weeks and mean ± SD birth weight of 978 ± 188 grams were studied. Relative FRC slightly increased during the first steps of the recruitment phase, while deeply decreased at higher CDP values (≥ 15 cm H2O). Notwithstanding FiO2 decreased until 0.25 in all the newborns except one. Conclusions: Because RIP cannot differentiate between changes in lung fluid or intrathoracic gas, we hypothesized that as CDP increases and total lung capacity is approached, pulmonary vascular resistance increases as a consequence of the compression of intra-alveolar vessels. This increases right ventricular afterload which, combined with re-establishment of right-to left shunting, results in decreased pulmonary blood flow and then decreased lung volume. Caution should then be used when using high CDP values during the recruitment procedure.
Brazilian clinical trial of uniform multidrug therapy for leprosy patients the correlation between clinical disease types and adverse effects

This study sought to verify the correlation between leprosy types and the adverse effects of treatment drugs. This quantitative, prospective, nested study was developed at the Dona Libânia Dermatology Centre in Fortaleza, Brazil. Data were collected from November 2007-November 2008. During this period, 818 leprosy patients were diagnosed and began treatment. Forty patients with tuberculoid leprosy (TT) were selected. Twenty patients followed a stan-dard therapy of dapsone and rifampicin and 20 were administered dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine (U-MDT). Twenty patients with borderline lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous leprosy (LL) were also selected and treated with U-MDT. All of the subjects received six doses. With the exception of haemolytic anaemia, there was a low incidence of adverse effects in all the groups. We did not observe any differences in the incidence of haemolytic anaemia or other side effects across groups of patients with TT, BL or LL treated with U-MDT.
Onset and rate of striatal atrophy in preclinical Huntington disease

Background: Huntington disease (HD) is characterized by striatal atrophy that begins long before the onset of motor symptoms. Objective: To determine when striatal atrophy begins, the extent and rate of atrophy before diagnosis of motor symptoms, and whether striatal atrophy can predict when symptom onset will occur. Methods: Caudate and putamen volumes were measured on MRI scans of 19 preclinical subjects with the HD gene expansion who were very far (9 to 20 years) from estimated onset, and on serial scans from 17 preclinical subjects, six of whom were diagnosed with HD within 5 years after the initial scan. Results: Striatal volumes were significantly smaller for the subjects who were very far from estimated onset than for age-matched control subjects. Statistical models fit to the longitudinal data suggest that rate of caudate atrophy becomes significant when subjects are approximately 11 years from estimated onset and rate of putamen atrophy becomes significant approximately 9 years prior to onset. In the six incident cases, caudate and putamen were approximately one-third to one-half of normal volume at diagnosis, and caudate volume alone was able to predict with 100% accuracy those subjects who would be diagnosed within 2 years of imaging. Conclusions: Striatal atrophy begins many years prior to diagnosable HD, and assessment of atrophy on MRI may be very useful in both predicting HD onset and in tracking progression in future therapeutic trials in preclinical subjects.
Motor simulation theories of musical beat perception

ABSTRACT There is growing interest in whether the motor system plays an essential role in rhythm perception. The motor system is active during the perception of rhythms, but is such motor activity merely a sign of unexecuted motor planning, or does it play a causal role in shaping the perception of rhythm? We present evidence for a causal role of motor planning and simulation, and review theories of internal simulation for beat-based timing prediction. Brain stimulation studies have the potential to conclusively test if the motor system plays a causal role in beat perception and ground theories to their neural underpinnings.
Role of lipids in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell envelope

In the early 1950's, Salton elevated the bacterial cell envelope from a vague geographic expression to a respectable cell organelle by developing techniques of isolation, thereby making the structure available for classic biochemical study. This led to an outburst of activity during the next decade until, by the mid-1960's, the major specific macromolecular components of the cell envelope-peptidoglycan, teichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-were known and their chemical structures were fairly well understood. All three macromolecules were known to be complex polysaccharides, and although many structural details remained to be worked out, sufficient information was available to prompt several laboratories to begin studies of their biosynthesis (68). Between 1955 and 1957, Leloir and his collaborators made the important discovery that