Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF CRUSTOSE CORALLINE RED ALGAE IN A HIGH ARCTIC FJORD1

Crustose coralline algae occupied ∼1%–2% (occasionally up to 7%) of the sea floor within their depth range of 15–50 m, and they were the dominant encrusting organisms and macroalgae beyond 20 m depth in Young Sound, NE Greenland. In the laboratory, oxygen microelectrodes were used to measure net photosynthesis (P) versus downwelling irradiance (Ed) and season for the two dominant corallines [Phymatolithon foecundum (Kjellman) Düwel et Wegeberg 1996 and Phymatolithon tenue (Rosenvinge) Düwel et Wegeberg 1996] representing> 90% of coralline cover. Differences in P‐Ed curves between the two species, the ice‐covered and open‐water seasons, or between specimens from 17 and 36 m depth were insignificant. The corallines were low light adapted, with compensation irradiances (Ec) averaging 0.7–1.8 μmol photons·m−2·s−1 and light adaptation (Ek) indices averaging 7–17 μmol photons·m−2·s−1. Slight photoinhibition was evident in most plants at irradiances up to 160 μmol photons·m−2·s−1. Photosynthetic capacity (Pm) was low, averaging 43–67 mmol O2·m−2 thallus·d−1 (∼250–400 g C·m−2 thallus·yr−1). Dark respiration rates averaged ∼5 mmol O2·m−2 thallus·d−1. In ice covered periods, Ed at 20 m depth averaged ∼1 μmol photons·m−2·s−1, with daily maxima of 2–3 μmol photons·m−2·s−1. During the open water season, Ed at 20 m depth averaged ∼7 μmol photons·m−2·s−1 with daily maxima of ∼30 μmol photons·m−2·s−1. Significant net primary production of corallines was apparently limited to the 2–3 months with open water, and the small contribution of corallines to primary production seems due to low Pm values, low in situ irradiance, and their relatively low abundance in Young Sound.
Sustainability in the Food Sector: A Consumer Behaviour Perspective

Consumers have, through their food choices, a major role in bringing about more sustainable food production. However, this presupposes that differences in sustainability are communicated to consumers. Even if food products are eco-labelled and consumers are motivated to support sustainability, a number of potential barriers may prevent consumers from using the information to make sustainable choices. Six such barriers are discussed in this paper.
Increment patterns in otoliths and scales from mature Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

This is the first work to note a similarity in increment patterns between otoliths and scales up to maturation, helping to understand better the biological and physical mechanisms guid- ing otolith and scale growth and increment formation. We demonstrate, with returning 1- and 2-sea winter Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, that transverse otolith thin sections to the core expose increments that represent seasonal growth during the marine phase. These increments are similar to those that form on scales, albeit with greater increment-width variability. From cage-reared fish, we noted that the number of increments on otoliths and scales formed during the period of marine residence is the same, and that the average mean deposition-time is slightly over 1 wk in the first year and ca. 2 wk in the second year.
INFLUENCE OF HEATING RATE ON BASIC NITROGEN-CONTAINING SPECIES CONTENT IN DACHENGZI SHALE OIL STUDIED BY POSITIVE- ION ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION FT-ICR MASS SPECTROMETRY

Shale oil samples were produced by pyrolysis of Dachengzi oil shale, China, in a fixed bed reactor at a heating rate ranged from 5 to 20 o C min -1 under argon atmosphere, at the same final temperature of 520 o C and residence time of 20 minutes. Positive-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) was employed to study the influence of heating rate on the basic nitrogen species content in the shale oil. The results show that increasing the heating rate results in the increase of total and basic nitrogen contents and the number of basic nitrogen species. Among all basic classes identified from positive-ion ESI FT-ICR mass spectra, the relative abundance of N1 class decreases while that of N1O1, N1O2, N1O3 and N2 classes increases as heating rate increases. With increasing heating rate the relative abundance of pyridines, whose DBE is 4, decreases significantly and that of N1 class species with DBE = 5-11 slightly, while species with DBE over 11 increase slightly. Furthermore, for pyridines and quinolines (DBE = 7) a relative obvious decrease in relative abundance is mainly observed in those species whose carbon numbers remain between 21 and 37 as heating rate increases. The relative abundance of N1O1 and N1O2 class species, whose DBE is in the range of 10-21, increases.
TeamAR – Generic Interface for Cooperation Using Augmented Reality

Thanks to technology, the world is getting smaller and smaller every day. We are moving towards the model in which we do not have to be in the same place where our employer is located. Remote, scattered teams are something that we encounter every day. In our research, we explore methods and strategies that will allow to increase the efficiency of teamwork using augmented reality. We are looking for a way to bring a low-cost software platform that will allow to create augmented reality sessions and bring 3D objects into the world of each person. These objects should be shared but should also be independent on some level for every participant. Such platform can help with the problem of availability of augmented reality for a wider audience. This paper provides an overview of research done in this field and our thoughts related to the topic and description of a working prototype. Keywords-Augmented reality; Collaborative augmented reality; Cooperation.
Applying a SERVQUAL Model to Measure the Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty among Local Saudi Banks in Riyadh

This paper evaluates the impact of service quality underlying the SERVQUAL model on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction mediating these variables. This analytical study is mainly based on the primary data collected through a questionnaire that was personally administered to 422 individuals selected from five local banks in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The findings indicate that improving service quality can help to enhance customer loyalty. Empathy, assurance, and reliability are the service quality dimensions that play significant roles in this equation. The study’s findings indicate that while the respondents evaluate the banks positively overall, there is still room for improvement. Few studies have assessed customer loyalty in Saudi banking. Increased competition between banks means that service quality is increasingly important and bank managers should consider how they can improve customer satisfaction with respect to service quality in order to enhance customer loyalty.
First detection of methanol towards a post-AGB object, HD 101584

The circumstellar environments of objects on the asymptotic giant branch and beyond are rich in molecular species. Nevertheless, methanol has never been detected in such an object, and is therefore often taken as a clear signpost for a young stellar object. However, we report the first detection of CH3OH in a post-AGB object, HD 101584, using ALMA. Its emission, together with emissions from CO, SiO, SO, CS, and H2CO, comes from two extreme velocity spots on either side of the object where a high-velocity outflow appears to interact with the surrounding medium. We have derived molecular abundances, and propose that the detected molecular species are the effect of a post-shock chemistry where circumstellar grains play a role. We further provide evidence that HD 101584 was a low-mass, M-type AGB star.
Adalimumab and Etanercept in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthropathies: Budget Impact Model of Dose Reduction

Objective : To assess the financial impact of spacing out the administration intervals of adalimumab (ADA) and etanercept (ETN) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthropathies (SAP) in our work setting. Materials and method : A budget impact model (BIM) was developed to estimate the financial impact of spacing out the usual administration intervals of ADA 40 mg every 2 weeks and ETN 50 mg weekly (scenario A) to ADA 40 mg every 3 weeks and ETN 50 mg every 2 weeks (scenario B), according to the guidelines and recommendations applied to these studies, specifying the target population, the study perspective, the time frame, and analysing the robustness of the study with a threshold univariate sensitivity analysis. Results : A total of 71 patients were included in the study. The application of a BIM showed annual savings for ADA and ETN of €19,784 and €38,271, respectively. The net cost, that is, the savings this entailed for the time frame considered (2 years), amounted to €116,110. The sensitivity analysis performed shows that the BIM estimated for the study period was very robust, as the net result in the different scenarios varied very little, remaining negative in the new scenarios. Conclusions : The BIM developed in the study shows the importance of the role of healthcare professionals in the context of sustainability of the healthcare system, where the model could generate large annual net savings for the different regional healthcare systems.
Environmental reporting in the UK, Australia, and South African multinational companies

Disclosure is an important communication channel that can enhance corporate transparency and accountability and improve engagement with numerous stakeholders. Corporate environmental disclosure has garnered attention globally in recent years across multiple stakeholders groups including businesses, investors, watch groups and legislative branches of governments etc. for its far-reaching social and economic implications. It has become a major challenge for business organizations to address and deal with environmental issues, in particular for multinational enterprises as part of their legitimacy and meeting stakeholders’ expectations. Again, the need for stakeholders’ response to corporate environmental reports has been reiterated in extant literature; however there remains lack of adequate response from stakeholders for the inability for corporations to identify specific environmental issues that stakeholders expect companies to disclose to assure them of corporate legitimacy. To respond to this gap, this study contributes to knowledge by highlighting specific areas of importance which companies in both developed and emerging economies can address in order to encourage report users and stakeholders to positively respond to their assured environmental reports. This study, therefore, focuses on environmental disclosure in multinational companies in both developed (Australia and United Kingdom) and emerging (South Africa) economies. Building on both legitimacy and stakeholders’ theories and Global Reporting initiative (GRI) disclosure guidelines (G3), the study applies hierarchical regression modelling to examine the influences of stakeholder, legitimacy, financial and demographic variables on the ‘preservation’, ‘responsibility’ and ‘initiatives’ aspects of environmental disclose of 67 companies operating in these three countries over a period of two years from 2008 to 2009. Empirical results indicated that return on assets and industry sector were significantly predictive of both preservation and responsibility components. Again, firm age was predictive of preservation and initiatives components, while assurance was predictive of initiatives and responsibility components. On the other hand, firm size and board structure were predictive of only the initiatives component and not the preservation and responsibility components. However, diversification, ownership, internal policy, other financial variables appear to have no influence on any environmental components. These findings have implications for companies, investors, policy makers and stakeholders at large. Environmentally sensitive companies could be encouraged to allocate more resources in order to increase their environmental activities and disclosure. From a policy perspective, the results could form part of the inputs to be considered in the future GRI guidelines. Similarly, policy makers also can take note in formulating environmental policies to address both social and economic implications.
Effects of Culturally Relevant Teaching on Seventh Grade African American Students

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between culturally relevant teaching and science achievement in seventh grade African American students when compared to standards-based instruction. The study also examined whether the use of culturally relevant teaching improved students’ attitudes toward science, as well as their participation within the science classroom. The intervention was implemented over the course of eight weeks by using a unit test as a pretest and posttest, formative quizzes, a Science Attitude Survey, and field notes to analyze student performance. Although all participants made academic gains when comparing pretest and posttest results, the culturally relevant group made higher gains than the standards-based group. Data from the Science Attitude Survey revealed slight changes in students’ overall attitude toward science except in one area. The intervention showed culturally relevant teaching can increase student achievement and improve student participation within the science classroom.
Strategic Flexibility in Information Technology Alliances: the Influence of Transaction Cost Economics and Social Exchange Theory

Utilizing a model drawn from both transaction cost economics and social exchange theory, we analyze determinants of strategic flexibility in a sample of strategic alliances involved in joint development agreements or joint research pacts. Findings indicate that, in general, determinants suggested by transaction cost economics provided flexibility in modification and inflexibility in exit. From social exchange theory, trust was found to be positively related to both types of flexibility while another component of social exchange theory, dependence, was found to be negatively related to the strategic flexibility of the alliance. Results also found that factors suggested by both transaction cost economic theory and social exchange theory were related to the concept of trust. Economic constraints as suggested by transaction cost economics were positively related to trust between the alliance partners while dependence was negatively related to trust. Additionally, the quality of communication and the existence of shared values were positively related to trust between the exchange partners. Results provide support for the role of determinants from both transaction cost economics and social exchange theory in the flexibility of strategic alliances.
A Half 3-Moufang Quadrangle is Moufang

Recently, we showed in [1] that any 3-Moufang generalized quadrangle is automatically a Moufang quadrangle. In another recent paper, Katrin Tent [2] borrowed an argument of the second author to show that the half Moufang condition implies the Moufang condition for generalized quadrangles. In the present paper we show that this argument can be used to further weaken the hypotheses: we define the half 3-Moufang condition as a kind of greatest common divisor of the 3-Moufang condition and the half Moufang condition and show that it implies the Moufang condition.
Apoptotic mechanisms of nickel(II) complex with N1-acetylacetone-N4-4-methoxy-salicylidene-S-allyl-thiosemicarbazone on HL60 leukemia cells

Thiosemicarbozone complexes that have a broad spectrum of biological activity are formed as a result of condensation reaction between thiosemicarbazide [H2N(C=S)-NH-NH2] and carbonyl-containing compounds. A new nickel(II) complex with N1-acetylacetone-N4-4-methoxysalicylidene-S-allyl-thiosemicarbazone ligand was synthesized and characterized. We studied the antileukemic activity of the Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound and assessed their potential for drug development. Specifically, the effects of this Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound on intracellular signal nodes and apoptotic pathways were investigated. According to our results, the Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound has apoptotic activity against HL60 cells. Moreover, while Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound significantly increased levels of p53 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, it decreased level of Phospho-Akt1 protein in HL60 cells. The Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound could induce HL60 cell apoptosis through inhibiting of PI3K/Akt pathway. These results showed that Ni(II) thiosemicarbozone compound might be an antileukemic agent.
Mapping and analyzing the spatial distribution of the tribe Triticeae Dumort. (Poaceae) in Turkey.

Triticeae Dumort. (Poaceae), or true grasses, the fifth-largest plant family in the world, are of great importance in terms of human life and civilization. Therefore, understanding the spatial distribution of the family members is important for botanists, plant producers, and breeders. Turkey is one of two gene centers of this family. In this study, the spatial distribution of Triticeae in Turkey was mapped in geographic information systems (GIS) by utilizing a large number of specimens collected from 1006 georeferenced sampling sites between 2004 and 2010. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was carried out in order to understand the spatial distribution of determined taxa. Environmental data for CCA were extracted from the available environmental raster map layers of Turkey. We identified and mapped a total of 76 species including 42 annuals and 34 perennials. CCA indicated that 6 environmental variables, namely potential evapotranspiration, elevation, distance to seas, maximum temperature, slope, and longitude, are the most effective in explaining the spatial distribution of the 12 annual species. However, the 6 environmental variables potential evapotranspiration, water vapor pressure, latitude, longitude, distance to seas, and sunshine fraction were the most effective in explaining the spatial distribution of the 20 perennial species. Aegilops triuncialis L. subsp triuncialis (annual) and Hordeum bulbosum L. (perennial) were the most abundant and widespread taxa, while Aegilops juvenalis (Thell.) Eig (annual) and Elymus libanoticus (Hack.) Melderis (perennial) were the scarcest and most rarely distributed species.
POST-ADOPTION BEHAVIORS OF E-BOOKSTORE CUSTOMERS

Although trade costs for both sellers and buyers can be reduced through the usage of e-commerce, however low transfer costs and global competition cause that the e-bookstores to have to maintain their customer loyalty is more difficult than traditional shopping stores. The formations of the customer loyalty of e-bookstores have been explored by many researchers from different points of view, such as service quality, satisfaction and trust. Nevertheless, the current bottleneck of e-commerce operation is that consumers are no longer continuing using e-bookstores. Based on the theory of Post-Acceptance Model, this study empirically tested using a field survey of e-bookstore customers. According to the deconstruction of online store environment, the factors of expectation-confirmation contain the confirmation of information contents, the confirmation of system platform and confirmation of web services quality. The results showed that satisfaction and perceived usefulness are significant predictors of continuance intention. The expectation-confirmation factors except the confirmation of system platform are significant predictor of satisfaction and perceived usefulness. The implications of these findings for e-bookstore continuance theory and practice are proposed in the final section.
Use of short-loop electrical measurements for yield improvement

Modern submicron processes are more sensitive to both random and systematic wafer-level process variation than ever before. Given the dimensional control limitations of new technologies, the amount of wafer-to-wafer and within wafer nonuniformity of many steps is becoming a significant fraction of the total error budget, which already includes the usual step-to-step allocations. However, a significant portion of the total observed variability is systematic in nature. Accordingly, particle defects may not continue to dominate parametric yield loss without improved understanding of parametric variations. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of short-loop electrical metrology to carefully characterize and decouple wafer-level variability of several critical processing steps. More specifically, we present our method and give results obtained from variability analyses for lithography critical dimension (CD) and inter-level dielectric (ILD) thickness control. Using statistically designed experiments and dedicated test structures, the main factors affecting dielectric thickness variability has been identified. The systematic variability from a wafer stepper has been extracted using a physically based statistical data filter. Once isolated, the deterministic variability can be modeled and controlled to enhance process and circuit design for manufacturability (DFM). We hope that in the future this work will be coupled with novel DFM-oriented CAD tools that encapsulate this information in a fashion that makes it useful to process and circuit designers. >
Chapter 4 A Novel Hybrid Methodology Applied Optimization Energy Consumption in Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network’s lifetime is influenced directly by the sensors power management that composes the network. The models applied to the problem aims to optimize the energy usage managing the sensors activation in time intervals, activating only the minimum number of sensors respecting the coverage and connectivity restrictions. However, this problem’s class has a significant computational complexity and many applications. It is necessary to implement methodologies to find the optimal solution, increasing the network’s size, becoming closer to the real ones. This research’s objective is to present a method based on a Partition Heuristic aggregating the Generate and Solve method, improving the results, and increasing the network’s instances size, while maintaining the flexibility and reliability when applied to the homogeneous wireless sensors networks with coverage and connectivity restrictions.
Fragmentation in the massive star-forming region IRAS 19410+2336

Context. The core mass functions (CMFs) of low-mass star-forming regions are found to resemble the shape of the initial mass function (IMF). A similar result is observed for the dust clumps in high-mass star-forming regions, although on spatial scales of clusters that do not resolve the substructure that is found in these massive clumps. The region IRAS 19410+2336 is one exception, having been observed on spatial scales on the order of ∼2500 AU, which are sufficient to resolve the clump substructure into individual cores. Aims. We investigate the protostellar content of IRAS 19410+2336 at high spatial resolution at 1.4 mm, determining the temperature structure of the region and deriving its CMF. Methods. The massive star-forming region IRAS 19410+2336 was mapped with the PdBI (BCD configurations) at 1.4 mm and 3 mm in the continuum and several transitions of formaldehyde (H2CO) and methyl cyanide (CH3CN). The H2CO transitions were also observed with the IRAM 30 m Telescope. Results. We detect 26 continuum sources at 1.4 mm with a spatial resolution as low as ∼2200 AU, several of them with counterparts at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths, distributed in two (proto)clusters. With the PdBI CH3CN and PdBI/IRAM 30 m H2CO emission, we derive the temperature structure of the region, ranging from 35 K to 90 K. Using these temperatures, we calculate the core masses .