Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter isolates from patients in Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

Introduction Infection due to multidrug-resistant microorganisms is a growing threat in healthcare settings. Acinetobacter species specifically A. baumannii is increasingly becoming resistant to most antimicrobial agents recommended for treatment. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter species isolated from patients in Kenyatta National Hospital. Methods We conducted a retrospective study based on VITEK 2 (BioMérieux) electronic records capturing identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter isolates from patient samples analyzed between 2013 and 2015 at Kenyatta National Hospital microbiology laboratory. Generated data were analyzed using WHONET and SPSS. Results A total of 590 Acinetobacter isolates were analyzed. 85% of the isolates tested were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Among the 590 isolates, 273 (46%) were from tracheal aspirates and 285 (48%) from the critical care unit. A. baumannii was the most frequently isolated species with high susceptibility to amikacin (77%) and poor susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (69-76%), tobramycin (37%) and meropenem (27%). Both A. lwoffii and A. haemolyticus had high susceptibility to amikacin (80-100%) and meropenem (75-100%). Conclusion A. baumannii is resistant to commonly administered antibiotics. There is need for continuous antimicrobial resistance surveillance especially in health care facilities and strengthening of antibiotic stewardship programmes which will contribute to enhancement of infection control policies.
Consequences of the experimental removal of Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin, 1791) from the fouling assemblage of a Mediterranean harbour

Filter feeding invertebrates are a relevant component of fouling assemblages with a pivotal role in ecological processes, since they improve water quality, enhance habitat heterogeneity and transfer organic matter from the water column to the benthos. They modulate the availability of resources to other species, with effects on the density and behavior of the surrounding macrofauna. The fanworm Sabella spallanzanii, one of the largest and most abundant Mediterranean filter feeders, provides a shelter for predation and a secondary substrate for algae and settlement for sessile invertebrates. We tested its role in driving the structure of fouling assemblages, through a removal experiment.The experiment was one-year-long, with four sampling times. The effect of the removal on the fouling community was marginal in terms of species richness and evenness, while the biomass showed important differences, with a constant increase over time with higher values in the samples containing S. spallanzanii. At the end of observations, the biomass reached the value of 3917 g DW m-2 in controls and 2073 g DW m-2 in treatments. The empty space left by fanworms was not used by other species with similar biomasses. It is possible that the functioning of fouling communities may, in the event of loss of species, fluctuate in terms of biomass mobilization to different compartments, either towards the pelagic compartment or to the detritus chain. In systems with reduced water turnover, this by-pass can have important consequences in terms of stability and ecological balance.
COMING OUT TO THE CLASS: IDENTIFYING FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE COLLEGE BIOLOGY INSTRUCTOR DECISIONS ABOUT REVEALING THEIR LGBQ IDENTITIES IN CLASS

The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) identity is an understudied yet potentially important identity for individuals in an undergraduate biology classroom. Although the choice to “come out” or reveal one’s LGBTQ identity is a personal decision, LGBTQ college instructors may positively impact students when they reveal their identity in the classroom. We conducted a national survey of LGBTQ biology instructors about their experiences as members of the LGBTQ community teaching college biology. We found that over half of the biology instructors that we surveyed are out to their work colleagues, but less than 20% are out to their students. Additionally, we conducted semistructured interviews with 11 LGBQ college biology instructors and applied the expectancy value theory to understand what influences instructors’ decisions about whether to reveal their LGBQ identities to students in their college biology classrooms. From the interviews, we identified a suite of potential costs and benefits associated with instructors coming out to their classes. Costs included wasted class time that could be spent teaching biology content, the instructor potentially losing their job, and students developing a negative view of the instructor. Benefits included the instructor living more authentically, students feeling more comfortable in the classroom, students knowing a supporter of the LGBTQ community in the classroom, and students having an LGBQ role model in science. Based on these findings, we highlight how perceiving high value and low cost to coming out is relevant for instructors’ decisions to reveal their LGBQ identities in their college classrooms.
Sublethal effects of a Beauveria bassiana-based mycopesticide on Dutch and Serbian populations of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

ABSTRACT The effects of a Beauveria bassiana-based product (trade name Naturalis-L; strain ATCC 74040) on the behaviour, life history traits and population growth of one commercial Dutch strain and two local Serbian populations (Bujanovac and Negotin) of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymen.: Aphelinidae) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. In a two-choice test, parasitoids from all tested populations preferred to parasitise untreated whitefly nymphs over those treated with 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625 ml/l of the mycopesticide. The longevity of adults of population Bujanovac exposed for 48 h to residues of the mycoinsecticide applied at the LC50 concentration was 1.4 days shorter than that of control wasps. Total parasitism was significantly reduced (by 17.5, 26.2 and 31.4% for the Negotin, Dutch and Bujanovac populations, respectively) compared to control, as well as adult emergence in the F1 generation (reductions of 20.3 and 26.7%, for the Dutch and Bujanovac populations, respectively). The instantaneous rate of increase (ri) of surviving adults was also significantly reduced by mycopesticide treatment by 6.3, 13.8 and 15.1%, for the Negotin, Bujanovac, and Dutch populations, respectively. Adult parasioids emerged from pupae treated with the LC50 concentration of the mycopesticide showed slower juvenile development, longevity, parasitism, adult emergence, and ri values, but the reduction in ri was significant only for the Bujanovac and Dutch populations (4.2 and 8.3%, respectively). The implications of these results on integrated control of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) are discussed in terms of adjusting the timing of Naturalis-L applications and parasitoid release.
Exploring The Causal Role Of Neural Oscillations In Endogenous And Exogenous Attention: Different Effects Of 40 Hz And 10 Hz Tacs Stimulation

Jonathan Parsons: Exploring The Causal Role Of Neural Oscillations In Endogenous And Exogenous Attention: Different Effects Of 40 Hz And 10 Hz Tacs Stimulation (Under the direction of Joseph B. Hopfinger) Previous electrophysiological studies strongly implicate a role for both alpha (8 – 12 Hz) and gamma (30 – 120 Hz) oscillations in selective attention. However, establishing causality requires inducing these oscillations in the brain and observing the behavioral changes that result. To this end, we stimulated participants’ right posterior parietal cortex at 10 Hz, 40 Hz or sham while they performed two separate cueing tasks—one endogenous and one exogenous. Stimulation at 40 Hz speeded responses to invalidly-cued targets, suggesting a facilitation of voluntary attentional shifting. There was also a marginal effect of 10 Hz stimulation, such that responses to invalidlycued targets in the exogenous task were slowed. Possible reasons for a lack of lateralized effects are discussed. These results provide new information about the causal roles of different frequencies of neural oscillation in facilitating visuospatial attention, providing support for frequency-specific effects.
Simio And Simulation Modeling Analysis Applications

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Dietary intake and nutritional status in Switzerland: a population perspective

Nutrition is a major modifiable determinant of health. National nutrition surveys are essential tools to monitor the population nutritional status and guide nutrition policies. Switzerland conducted its first national survey, menuCH, in 2014-2015. A total of 2 086 Swiss residents aged 18 to 75 years old were interviewed and their diet assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls. This thesis aimed at 1) describing dietary intake of Swiss adult population using menuCH data, and 2) developing recommendations for the next national nutrition surveys and future nutrition policies. menuCH data indicated that the vast majority of the Swiss adult population poorly adhered to the national dietary guidelines. The population consumed insufficient plant-based products, and excessive ultra-processed and/or animal-based foods. Moreover, food consumption patterns substantially differed between the German, French and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland. Finally, we showed that regularly consuming a breakfast rich in fruit, unsweetened cereal flakes, nuts and yogurt was associated with reduced abdominal obesity. Since menuCH did not survey children nor collect bio-samples, we tested child-specific dietary assessment methods and evaluated acceptability of bio-sample collection in a feasibility study to prepare the next national nutrition survey. We recruited a population-based sample of 53 children aged 3 to 17 years in Lausanne. The developed dietary assessment tools (e.g., 24-hour food diary, food questionnaire) were well accepted by participants and their caregiver(s). Compliance with the collection of spot urine, venous and capillary blood, and toenails was high in the different age groups. As shown above, dietary behaviours in Switzerland are not optimal. Classically, public health can propose two types of interventions to improve the situation: 1) provide information to encourage behavioural modifications (individual level), or 2) change the environment to reduce exposition (population level). I wrote an essay about a novel instrument designed to improve diet, i.e., precision nutrition. I concluded that providing personalized advice at a large scale via smartphones (individual level) might have a limited effect on dietary behaviours and obesity, if environments promoting unhealthy food are not modified in parallel (population level). We have shown that Switzerland needs public health interventions to improve dietary behaviours. We suggest that these interventions target in priority the food environments to facilitate access to healthy foods. Furthermore, the next national nutrition surveys should include children, strengthen dietary assessment methods, and collect bio-samples for relying on objective nutritional biomarkers. We believe that this will improve the assessment of dietary intake and nutritional status at both individual and population levels to further fine-tune national dietary guidelines and guide future nutrition policies.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of otitis externa among patients attending Otorhinolaryngology Department at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Otitis externa is among the otological diseases with significant impact on the quality of life of sufferers. Little is known in Sub Saharan countries despite being the focus of such disease. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of otitis externa at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania’s largest tertiary hospital. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study where 1200 participants were recruited from June 2016 to January 2017. Data was analyzed using SPSS program version 20. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 1200 patients were recruited in this study and majority 601(50.1%) were females. Majority 672(56%) were in age group 0–10 years. Among 1200 patients, 138 (11.5%) were diagnosed to have otitis externa and male predominance (55.1%) was found. Majority 120 (87%) had diffuse otitis externa and with 0-10 years (25.83%) being the commonly affected age group by variant. The commonest risk factor was self-ear cleansing 87(53.7%) and only 2.9% were found to have complications of otitis externa. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Otitis externa was found to be prevalent and with male predominance. Self-ear cleansing was the commonest risk factor. Complications of otitis externa were found to be rare. Public awareness on otitis externa should be advocated in our country. </p>
A Random Walk Down Wall Street

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Avaliação de potenciais biomarcadores séricos e salivares e do polimorfismo do gene da glutationa S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) na obesidade adulto jovem

A obesidade e o excesso de peso sao complexas sindromes clinicas responsaveis por elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, pois sao fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de Sindrome Metabolica, Diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, aterosclerose, hipertensao arterial, resistencia a insulina, câncer entre outros. Varios mecanismos podem contribuir para o excesso de peso e obesidade, incluindo uma producao anormal de adipocinas, o estresse oxidativo, respostas pro-inflamatorias e inflamatorias, polimorfismos, fatores ambientais e emocionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar potenciais biomarcadores sericos e salivares e o polimorfismo do gene da Glutationa-S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) na obesidade adulto jovem. Atraves de um delineamento transversal foram selecionados 149 adultos jovens entre 18 e 30 anos de ambos os sexos (54 de peso normal, 27 com sobrepeso e 68 obesos). A antropometria e parâmetros bioquimicos, inflamatorios, oxidativos sericos e salivares foram avaliados assim como a frequencia do polimorfismo Ile105Val do gene do GSTP1. Os individuos obesos apresentaram niveis sericos mais baixos de antioxidantes, adiponectina, HDL-c e niveis mais elevados de marcadores inflamatorios (PCR-us, IL-6, resistina, RBP-4, ADA, DPP-IV), peroxidacao lipidica e de parâmetros bioquimicos. A atividade salivar da ADA, DPP-IV, a peroxidacao lipidica foram maiores nos pacientes obesos quando comparados com o grupo de peso normal. Niveis elevados de resistina, RBP-4, IL-6, ADA, DPP-IV, peroxidacao lipidica e niveis reduzidos de adiponectina e antioxidantes podem favorecer a inflamacao e o estresse oxidativo em organismos obesos e contribuir para a diminuicao da sensibilidade insulinica, aterosclerose e outras consequencias cardiometabolicas. A atividade da ADA e da DPP-IV, bem como, a peroxidacao lipidica salivar podem estar relacionados com a regulacao do metabolismo da glicose e inflamacao na obesidade, uma vez que estes sistemas enzimaticos podem interferir em funcoes do tecido adiposo, atraves da acao lipolitica e da reducao dos niveis de adenosina. A associacao positiva entre o polimorfismo do GSTP1 e obesidade foi observada, onde o genotipo GG foi encontrado apenas no grupo obeso e portadores de pelo menos um alelo G apresentaram 2,4 vezes mais chance de obesidade quando comparados com o genotipo AA, indicando que o polimorfismo do gene GSTP1 pode desempenhar um papel significativo no aumento da susceptibilidade e risco de obesidade. Assim, conclue-se que os biomarcadores estudados e o polimorfismo do GSTP1 possam ser ferramentes uteis na identificacao de alteracoes envolvidas nos processos inflamatorios e na resistencia insulinica presente nos grupos estudados, cuja relevância clinica e de extrema importância na prevencao da obesidade da populacao jovem brasileira.
Identification of hub genes and their correlation with infiltration of immune cells in MYCN positive neuroblastoma based on WGCNA and LASSO algorithm

Background The prognosis of MYCN positive NB is poor, and there is no targeted drug for N-myc at present. This study aims to screen out hub genes closely related to MYCN, analyze the relationship between hub genes and NB microenvironment, and provide basis for molecular targeted therapy of MYCN positive NB. Methods We combined the microarray data of GSE45547 (n=649) and GSE49710 (n=498), screened the DEGs between MYCN positive (n=185) and MYCN negative NB (n=951), performed WGCNA, Lasso regression and Roc analyses on the merged matrix, and obtained the hub genes related to MYCN in the training group. We performed ssGSEA on the experimental group to calculate the infiltration level of 28 kinds of immune cells in each sample, compared the differences of immune cell infiltration between MYCN positive and MYCN negative group. The influences of hub genes on the distribution of each immune cell were also analyzed by ssGSEA. The expression differences of the three hub genes were verified in the E-MTAB-8248 cohort (n=223), and the correlation between hub genes and prognosis of NB was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method in GSE62564 (n=498) and the validation group. We also verified the expression differences of hub genes by qRT-PCR in SK-N-BE(2), SKNDZ, Kelly and SH-SY5Y cell lines. Results Here were 880 DEGs including 420 upregulated and 460 downregulated genes in MYCN positive NB in the training group. Overlap of the DEGs and WGCNA networks identified four shared genes, namely, ZNF695, CHEK1, C15ORF42 and EXO1, as candidate hub genes in MYCN positive NB. Three core genes, ZNF695, CHEK1 and C15ORF42, were finally identified by Lasso regression and Roc analyses. ZNF695, CHEK1 and C15ORF42 were highly expressed in MYCN positive NB tissues and cell lines. These three genes were closely related to the prognosis of children with NB. Except that Activated CD4 T cell and Type2 T helper cell increased, the infiltration levels of the other 26 cells decreased significantly in MYCN positive NB tissues. The infiltration levels of Type2 T helper cell and Activated CD4 T cell were also significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of the three hub genes. Conclusion ZNF695, CHEK1 and C15ORF42 are highly expressed in MYCN positive NB, and their expression levels are negatively correlated with the prognosis of children with NB. The infiltration levels of Activated CD4 T cell and Type2 T helper cell increased in the microenvironment of MYCN positive NB and were significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of the three hub genes. The results of this study provide that ZNF695, CHEK1 and C15ORF42 may be potential prognostic markers and immunotherapy targets for MYCN positive NB.
Evaluating the ecological impacts of pesticide seed treatments on arthropod communities in a grain crop rotation

While many studies have investigated non-target impacts of neonicotinoid seed treatments (NSTs), they usually take place within a single crop and focus on specific pest or beneficial arthropod taxa. We compared the impacts of three seed treatments to an untreated control: imidacloprid + fungicide products, thiamethoxam + fungicide products, and fungicide products alone in a three-year crop rotation of full-season soybean, winter wheat, double-cropped soybean and maize. Specifically, we quantified neonicotinoid residues in the soil and in weedy winter annual flower buds and examined treatment impacts on soil and foliar arthropod communities, and on plant growth and yield. Trace amounts of insecticide were found in winter annual flowers of one species in one site year, which did not correspond with our treatments. Although low levels of insecticide residues were present in the soil, residues were not persistent. Residues were highest in the final year of the study, suggesting some accumulation. We observed variable impacts of NSTs on the arthropod community; principle response curve analysis, diversity and evenness values exhibited occasional community disturbances, and treatments impacted the abundance of various taxa. Overall, imidacloprid had a greater effect than thiamethoxam, with the fungicide only treatment also occasionally impacting communities and individual taxa. Pest pressure was low throughout the study, and although pest numbers were reduced by the insecticides no corresponding increases in yield were observed. However, the fungicide products contributed to higher yields in wheat. Synthesis and applications. Pesticide seed treatments can disturb arthropod communities, even when environmental persistence and active ingredient concentrations are low. The foliar community in wheat and maize exhibited a trend of increasing disturbance throughout the sampling period, suggesting that recovery from the impacts of NSTs is not always rapid. Our study is among the first to demonstrate that seed applied fungicides alone can disrupt arthropod communities in agroecosystems and highlights the need for further investigation into the impacts of seed applied fungicides.