Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient DC Bias and Current Impact Effects of High-Frequency-Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter in Practice

This paper presents the transient dc bias and the current impact effects of a high-frequency-isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter (IBDC) in practice because the theoretical premise in the steady process cannot be satisfied strictly in the transient process. The transient characterizations of IBDC under the steady phase-shift (SPS) strategy are analyzed comprehensively, and the corresponding model is modified for all of the transient processes in the same and different power flows. Due to the existence of the dc bias, the current model in the transient process is different from the traditional model in the steady process, and the models are different with different operating conditions. On this basis, a transient phase-shift (TPS) strategy is proposed to improve the transient performance of the SPS strategy. Unlike in the SPS strategy, the voltages of the transformer are symmetrical in the TPS strategy, which causes that the voltage-time product of the transformer voltages is zero during a switching period, then eliminates the transient dc bias and improves the current impact, and further increases the response speed of the transient process effectively. Finally, comprehensive experiments verify the theoretical analysis.
The Leukocytes of the Roughtail Gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum: a Bright‐field and Phase‐contrast Study

The morphology of the peripheral blood leukocytes of the roughtail gecko, Cyrtopodion scrabum, is carefully described in Wright‐Giemsa and toluidine‐blue‐stained blood films, and in the living condition by phase‐contrast microscopy, using supravitally stained preparations. Mature eosinophils, basophils and small lymphocytes commonly occur in the blood, while monocytes are rarely seen. In addition, macrophages are occasionally encountered, but neutrophils cannot be observed. Developmental stages in eosinophil and basophil differentiation can be seen. This study serves as a basis for the cytochemical localization of substances within these blood cells.
Do subjective memory complaints predict falls, fractures and healthcare utilization? A two‐year prospective study based on a cohort of older women recruited from primary care

A proportion of older individuals report subjective memory complaints (SMCs), which can predict the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Previous studies based on secondary care suggest that SMC is also associated with other adverse health consequences, including falls, fractures and increased healthcare utilization. In this study, we aimed to establish whether similar findings are observed in the wider population.
Crystal Structure of the Gephyrin-related Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis Protein MogA from Escherichia coli *

Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in archaea, eubacteria, and eukaryotes, including humans. Genetic deficiencies of enzymes involved in this biosynthetic pathway trigger an autosomal recessive disease with severe neurological symptoms, which usually leads to death in early childhood. The MogA protein exhibits affinity for molybdopterin, the organic component of Moco, and has been proposed to act as a molybdochelatase incorporating molybdenum into Moco. MogA is related to the protein gephyrin, which, in addition to its role in Moco biosynthesis, is also responsible for anchoring glycinergic receptors to the cytoskeleton at inhibitory synapses. The high resolution crystal structure of the Escherichia coli MogA protein has been determined, and it reveals a trimeric arrangement in which each monomer contains a central, mostly parallel β-sheet surrounded by α-helices on either side. Based on structural and biochemical data, a putative active site was identified, including two residues that are essential for the catalytic mechanism.
Aa-cell in Practice: an Approach to Musical Live coding

Live coding performances provide a context with particular demands and limitations for music making. In this paper we discuss how as the live coding duo aa-cell we have responded to these challenges, and what this experience has revealed about the computational representation of music and approaches to interactive computer music performance. In particular we have identified several effective and efficient processes that underpin our practice including probability, linearity, periodicity, set theory, and recursion and describe how these are applied and combined to build sophisticated musical structures. In addition, we outline aspects of our p e r f o r m a n c e p r a c t i c e t h a t r e s p o n d t o t h e improvisational, collaborative and communicative requirements of musical live coding. 1.
Phase-shift space vector pulse width modulation for nine-switch inverter

In this paper, a phase-shift space vector modulation technique is proposed to control the dual-load of the nine-switch inverter. The proposed algorithm is based on a carrier-based space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) under the constant frequency (CF) and the variable frequency (VF) operation modes. The modulation signals are operated by without crossover to avoid the distortion of output voltages. The switching states can prevent the short through in the inverter leg. For the CF-mode, the modulation indices are identical and less than, or equal to 2/√3. Therefore, the sum of phase-shift angles is 0°. For the CF and VF modes, the displacement phase-shift angle is able to adjust from 0° to 360°, when the sum of modulation indices is less than, or equal to 2/√3. The proposed phase-shift SVPWM technique is verified by simulation results, showing good steady-state performance.
Public attitudes toward legally coerced biological treatments of criminals

Abstract How does the public view the offer of a biological treatment in lieu of prison for criminal offenders? Using the contrastive vignette technique, we explored this issue, using mixed-methods analysis to measure concerns regarding changing the criminal's personality, the coercive nature of the offer, and the safety of the proposed treatment. Overall, we found that of the three variables, the safety of the pill had the strongest effect on public acceptance of a biological intervention. Indeed, it was notable that the public was relatively sanguine about coercive offers of biological agents, as well as changing the personality of criminals. While respondents did not fully endorse such coercive offers, neither were they outraged by the use of biological treatments of criminals in lieu of incarceration. These results are discussed in the context of the retributive and rehabilitative sentiments of the public, and legal jurisprudence in the arena of human rights law.
Neural Blockade, Urokinase and Prostaglandin E1 Combination Therapy for Acute Digital Ischemia of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis

To treat severe painful digital ulcers on progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) patients, we developed a new combination therapy which included neural blockade, intravenous urokinase, and prostaglandin E1 infusion. All of these are already recognized treatments for circulatory disturbances in PSS. Although each of them alone has a limited effect on the painful ischemic attack in PSS; in stepwise combination, neural blockade for release of vascular spasm and pain, prostaglandin E1 for further vasodilatation, and urokinase for thrombolysis were effective in the treatment of digital ischemia in two PSS patients. This therapy reduced the necrotic areas predicted before therapy and saved fingers from amputation. It also relieved the intolerable digital pain and effected the recovery of digital function.
Shorter Telomere Length Predicts Poorer Immunological Recovery in Virologically Suppressed HIV-1–Infected Patients Treated With Combined Antiretroviral Therapy

Background:Successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) does not always result in complete CD4+ T-cell recovery despite the effective control of HIV replication. Because telomere dysregulation can lead to an abnormal cell proliferation, we hypothesized that the lack of CD4 recovery may be related to telomere defects; We thus evaluated the association between telomere length (TL) and CD4+ T-cell recovery 48 weeks after cART initiation in virologically suppressed patients, and its possible relationship to oxidative stress (OS) and nitrosative stress (NOx) markers. Methods:We studied HIV-infected patients on stable cART who achieved a viral load <50 copies per milliliter after 48 weeks of their first cART. Leukocyte TL was measured and categorized into tertiles. We calculated mean increases in CD4+ T-cell at 48 weeks from cART initiation and used multivariate linear regression models to estimate differences in mean increases according to tertiles of TL. Results:One hundred thirty-two patients, 86% male, 81% <50 years at cART initiation were studied. Mean increases in CD4 were greater in patients with long TL than in those with medium and short TLs (P = 0.007). After adjustment for sex, age, CD4+ T-cell counts, viral load, and hepatitis C infection at cART initiation, differences in mean CD4+ T-cell count increases according to TL remained statistically significant (P = 0.02). Additional adjustment for NOx and OS did not change the results. Conclusion:A lower immunological response despite a successful virological response is associated with a shorter TL. The effect is not related to NOx or OS.
Psychodynamic Significance of Seizure Content in Psychomotor Epilepsy

Summary Two patients with psychomotor epilepsy were studied in an intensive psychotherapeutic setting. The psychodynamic significance of the highly organized seizures and the nature of the psychic phenomena encountered in these seizures were investigated. The content and structure of these highly organized psychomotor seizures have the characteristics of nonreporting emotional thought. This thought level appears normally in dreams and other altered states of awareness. In the psychomotor epileptic it appears episodically and finds motor expression because of the faulty integration of his impaired nervous system. The highly organized seizure can be understood in the same fashion as the dream; that is, dream behavior is motivated, has meaning for the individual in terms of wish fulfillment and riddance, and is in keeping with the psychodynamic patterns of the patient. The highly organized seizure can be analyzed dynamically and understood as motivated behavior. In addition, the seizure content can be modified by current experiences, particularly psychotherapy. The relationship between seizures and psychotic episodes occurring in each of the patients was studied. The seizure behavior and the behavior encountered during psychotic episodes was similar and at times identical, both in the conflict expressed and in the method of resolution. It was noted that seizures diminished when the psychosis appeared. Seizures have an adaptive value representing miscarried attempts to dispel mounting psychological tension not immediately soluble in reality.
Heart rate indices of the anaerobic threshold.

ABSTRACTAlthough heart rate (HR) cannot be used to identify the anaerobic threshold (AT), it may be used to regulate activity intensity above or below AT. This study examined the HR response and percent maximal HR (%HRmax) at the AT in 20 young women. The AT, VO2max, and HRmax were assessed during i
Reliability and validity of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 in young soccer players

Abstract The present study investigated the test-retest reliability from the Yo-Yo IR1 (distance and heart rate responses), and the ability of the Yo-Yo IR1 to differentiate between elite and non-elite youth soccer players. A total of 228 youth soccer players (11–17 years) participated: 78 non-elite players to examine the test-retest reliability within 1 week, added with 150 elite players to investigate the construct validity. The main finding was that the distance covered was adequately reproducible in the youngest age groups (U13 and U15) and highly reproducible in the oldest age group (U17). Also, the physiological responses were highly reproducible in all age groups. Moreover, the Yo-Yo IR1 test had a high-discriminative ability to distinguish between elite and non-elite young soccer players. Furthermore, age-related standards for the Yo-Yo IR1 established for elite and non-elite groups in this study may be used for comparison of other young soccer players.
Windows of opportunity for physical activity in the prevention of obesity

Tackling increasing rates of obesity is likely to be a defining feature of health care over the next several decades. Adult obesity is a persistent and treatment‐resistant problem. Consequently, an emerging theme in the literature is to commence prevention efforts earlier in the developmental time course. This view is based primarily on epidemiological data demonstrating a link between traits manifesting early during development and increased obesity risk in adulthood. Physical activity is a perennial factor in discussions of obesity prevention. However, the optimal timing and type of physical activity interventions to commence remains unclear. Critical developmental windows of plasticity may afford time‐limited opportunities to shape body composition across the life course; however, physical activity has not been explicitly considered in these discussions. Although animal models suggest that physical activity commenced earlier in development has differential effects on obesity onset compared to physical activity commenced in adulthood, human research is lacking. In this conceptual review, we consider physical activity during critical developmental periods as a way to mitigate obesity risk later in life.
A three-year study on the freshness of web search engine databases

This paper deals with one aspect of the index quality of search engines: index freshness. The purpose is to analyse the update strategies of the major web search engines Google, Yahoo, and MSN/Live.com. We conducted a test of the updates of 40 daily updated pages and 30 irregularly updated pages. We used data from a time span of six weeks in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007. We found that the best search engine in terms of up-to-dateness changes over the years and that none of the engines has an ideal solution for index freshness. Indexing patterns are often irregular, and there seems to be no clear policy regarding when to revisit Web pages. A major problem identified in our research is the delay in making crawled pages available for searching, which differs from one engine to another.
HIV‐1 Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Preventive Behaviors Among Women in Northern Thailand

&NA;To study HIV‐1 seroprevalence, risk factors, and preventive behaviors among reproductive‐age women in northern Thailand, 804 consenting women who were identified postpartum or who were visiting family planning clinics were interviewed and tested during 1998 to 1999. Almost all women were currently married and had been pregnant more than once. Their median age was 27 years. HIV‐1 seroprevalence was 3.1% overall and was higher in women aged between 25 and 29 years (5.9%), having had ≥2 lifetime sex partners (6.5%), or whose current marriage had lasted for ≤1 year (7.0%). No woman reported HIV risk factors other than heterosexual sex. Most (76%) HIV‐infected women reported no casual sex partners and, therefore, had likely acquired the infection from their husbands. HIV testing and partner communications were common, but only 2% of couples used condoms consistently in the prior 6 months. Nearly half of these women perceived themselves at no or low risk for HIV infection; these women were less likely to have taken preventive actions. To prevent HIV transmission in stable partnerships in this population, additional efforts are needed to increase HIV testing and condom use, to improve women's negotiation skills, and to develop new methods that do not require partner cooperation such as vaginal microbicides or vaccines.
Does a positive end‐expiratory pressure‐induced reduction in stroke volume indicate preload responsiveness? An experimental study

Background: Increases in positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) are often associated with cardiovascular depression, responding to fluid loading. Therefore, we hypothesized that if stroke volume (SV) is reduced by an increase in PEEP this reduction is an indicator of hypovolemia or preload responsiveness, i.e. that SV would increase by fluid administration at zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP). The relationship between the cardiovascular response to different PEEP levels and fluid load as well as the relation between change in SV as a result of change in preload (Frank–Starling relationship) were evaluated in a porcine model. In addition, other measures of fluid status were assessed.
Relationship between the cagA 3' repeat region of Helicobacter pylori, gastric histology, and susceptibility to low pH.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The variation in size of Helicobacter pylori CagA is related to repeat sequences in the 3' region of the cagA gene. We investigated whether structural subtypes of the cagA 3' region are associated with presentation of the infection or to susceptibility to acid. METHODS We examined 319 cagA-positive H. pylori isolates: 84 isolates from Bogota, Colombia; 83 from Houston, Texas; 24 from Siena, Italy; and 128 from Seoul, Korea. The cagA 3' region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Gastric histology and susceptibility to pH 3 were evaluated in relation to the number of cagA repeat regions. RESULTS Strains with more than three repeat regions were associated with significantly higher scores for gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia than those with fewer repeat regions. H. pylori strains with three repeat regions were also significantly more susceptible to pH 3 than isolates with fewer repeat regions. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori strains with more than three repeat regions in the 3' region of the cagA gene are associated with enhanced histological injury and with reduced survival in acidic conditions. It is hypothesized that these variants arise within the stomach.
Differential effect of lithium on fos protooncogene expression mediated by receptor and postreceptor activators of protein kinase C and cyclic adenosine monophosphate: Model for its antimanic action

Lithium salts are the most effective agents used in treating manic‐depressive illness. It has been suggested that lithium's therapeutic efficacy could be due to an inhibitory effect on either inositol phospholipid (IP) and/or cyclic nucleotide metabolism. We have investigated the effect of lithium on these two signal transduction pathways in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells by studying a common effector target, expression of the fos protooncogene. We find that lithium, at therapeutic doses, has an augmenting effect on phosphatidylinositol (PI)‐mediated fos expression induced by activating a muscarinic cholinergic pathway, whereas it has no effect, at tenfold the therapeutic dose, on fos expression induced by receptor or postreceptor activators of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The lithium augmenting effect is also observed when the cells are treated with phorbol esters, which directly activate protein kinase C (PKC), suggesting that the level of lithium's interaction with the IP pathway is at the postreceptor level. We also show that phorbol esters induce extensive down regulation of subsequent cholinergic and phorbol ester responsiveness as well as heterologous down regulation of cAMP responses. Treatment of down‐regulated cells with lithium leads to an enhanced responsiveness when cells are rechallenged with agonists that activate PKC but not by agonists that stimulate cAMP. We also show that carbamazepine, another antimanic agent, has an inhibitory effect on cAMP‐mediated fos but no effect on the IP pathway. The opposite effects of lithium and carbamazepine on two critical transducing systems suggest a model for the antimanic action of these agents.
Cutaneous Metastasis: A Meta-Analysis of Data

Background Previous studies of the incidence and the most common causes of cutaneous metastasis have not led to a consensus. We compiled data from many retrospective studies and from patient data registries and autopsies to increase the total number of cases available for a larger analysis of this subject. This study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the true incidence of cutaneous metastasis, the tumors most commonly involved in this presentation, and the locations of such lesions. Methods A meta-analysis of cutaneous metastases from patient tumor registries and autopsic studies was performed. Results The overall incidence of cutaneous metastasis is 5.3%. The most common tumor to metastasize to the skin is breast cancer. The chest is the most common site of cutaneous metastasis. Every practitioner should be highly suspicious of acute-onset, persistent, firm papulonodules, especially when they develop on the chest. Conclusion This meta-analysis greatly increases the total number of cases available for the analysis of cutaneous metastases and provides a better overall view of this topic than was previously possible.
Development of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen employing monoclonal antibodies

The use of monoclonal antibodies in the development of a third generation microtitration plate enzyme immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is described. These antibodies were tested either alone or in combination with polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit. Horseradish peroxidase was employed in the conjugates and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine was used as the enzyme substrate. Effect of type and concentration of antibodies used in the coating solution and in preparing conjugates as well as reaction time are discussed. The designed test employs a 100‐μl sample, with an overall incubation time of 3.5 hr. Serum or plasma (EDTA or citrate as anticoagulant) can be used. The sensitivity limit of the test was 0.4 ng/ml for subtype ad and 0.5 ng/ml for subtype ay. When used as screening test, 99.6% specificity was obtained; predictive value was 97.5% for a positive result and 99.8% for a negative result. According to the performance of the test, it seems to be suitable for diagnosis in routine laboratory and screening in blood banks. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elucidation of Growth Inhibition and Acetic Acid Production by Clostridium thermoaceticum

The production of acetic acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum was studied by using batch fermentations. In a pH-controlled fermentation with sodium hydroxide (pH 6.9), this organism was able to produce 56 g of acetic acid per liter. On the other hand, when the pH was not controlled and was decreased during fermentation to 5.4, the maximum attainable acetic acid concentration was only 15.3 g/liter. To obtain a better understanding of the end product inhibition, various salts were tested to determine their effect on the growth rate of C. thermoaceticum. An inverse linear relationship between the growth rate and the final cell concentration to the sodium acetate concentration was found. By using different concentrations of externally added sodium salts, the relative growth inhibition caused by the anion was found to be in the order of acetate > chloride > sulfate. Various externally added cations of acetate were also examined with respect to their inhibitory effects on growth. The relative magnitude of inhibition on the growth rate was found to be ammonium > potassium > sodium. The combined results have shown that the undissociated acetic acid was much more inhibitory than the ionized acetate ion. Complete growth inhibition resulted when the undissociated acetic acid concentration was between 0.04 and 0.05 M and when the ionized acetate concentration was 0.8 M. Therefore, at low pH (below 6.0), undissociated acetic acid is responsible for growth inhibition, and at high pH (above 6.0), ionized acetate ion is responsible for growth inhibition.