Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Kinematics of the Talocrural and Subtalar Joints During Weightbearing Ankle Rotation in Chronic Ankle Instability

Background. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) results in abnormal ankle kinematics, but there exists limited quantitative data characterizing these alterations. This study was undertaken to investigate kinematic alterations of the talocrural and subtalar joints in CAI. Methods. A total of 14 male patients with unilateral CAI (mean age = 21.1 ± 2.5 years) were enrolled. Computed tomography and fluoroscopic imaging of both lower extremities during weightbearing passive ankle joint complex (AJC) rotation were obtained. Three-dimensional bone models created from the computed tomography images were matched with the fluoroscopic images to compute the 6 degrees-of-freedom talocrural, subtalar, and AJC kinematics. Results. In 20° plantarflexion, ankles with CAI demonstrated significantly increased anterior translation of the talocrural joint during AJC internal rotation from 5° to 7° and significantly decreased talocrural internal rotation within an AJC arc of motion from −1° to 5°. CAI joints demonstrated significantly increased internal rotation of the subtalar joint within an AJC arc of motion from −1° to 3°. Discussion. In CAI, altered subtalar internal rotation occurs with increased talocrural anterior translation and reduced talocrural internal rotation during weightbearing ankle internal rotation in plantarflexion. These results suggest that altered subtalar mechanics may contribute to CAI symptoms. Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level IV, Cross-sectional
Pullulanase secretion in Escherichia coli K‐12 requires a cytoplasmic protein and a putative polytopic cytoplasmic membrane protein

The previously uncharacterized third and fourth genes (pulE and pulF) of the pullulanase secretion gene operon of Klebsiella oxytoca strain UNF5023 are, respectively, predicted to encode a 55 kDa polypeptide with a putative nucleotide‐binding site, and a highly hydrophobic 44 kDa polypeptide that probably spans the cytoplasmic membrane several times. Expression of pulE in minicells or under the control of a strong bacteriophage T7 promoter resulted in the production of a c. 58 kDa cytopLasmic protein. A representative PulE‐β‐galactosidase hybrid protein created by Tnlac mutagenesis was also found mainly in the cytoplasm. These results are in line with the predicted absence from PulE of a region of sufficient hydrophobicity to function as a signal sequence. The PulF polypeptide could not be detected either in minicells or when the gene was transcribed from the T7 promoter, but the acquirement of three pulF‐lacZ gene fusions that encoded hybrid proteins with relatively high levels of β‐galactosidase activity indicates that this gene can be transcribed and translated. Gene disruption experiments indicated that both pulE and pulF are required for pullulanase secretion in Escherichia coli K‐12. Both proteins exhibit considerable homology throughout their entire lengths with other proteins involved in protein secretion, pilin assembly, conjugation and transformation competence in a variety of bacteria. In addition, PulE protein has consensus sequences found in a wide variety of nucleotide‐binding proteins. This study completes the initial characterization of the pullulanase secretion gene operon, which comprises 13 genes that are all essential for the transport of pullulanase across the outer membrane.
Evaluating the Guimaraes 2012 European Capital of Culture: national and international tourists' behaviors and perceptions

In 2012, Guimaraes hosted the Euroepan Capital of Culture (ECOC). An evaluation of this event was needed because public, private, and community funds were involved. This analysis considers tourists as external and independent stakeholders who assessed the cultural activities developed during the event as well as the attributes of the city. The main objectives of the research conducted were to assess the visitors' motivations during the hosting of the Guimaraes ECOC 2012, their perceptions towards the city, and if national and international visitors kept different perceptions of it. For 2 months, in the summer of 2012, a survey was applied to 390 visitors. The results revealed that hosting the 2012 ECOC was a major contribution towards attracting new visitors to the city (though many of the visitors stayed only for a short period of time). Based on tourists' perceptions, the tangible heritage was clearly detached from the set of attributes associated to Guimaraes, whereas the intangible heritage was less noted. The Portuguese tourist seem to be more prone to value the tangible heritage than the foreign tourists. Overall, Guimaraes received a very positive evaluation relating to the city's image and, as stated by tourists, visiting it was declared to be highly recommended. Following the obtained empirical results, the need for changing the city's promoted image emerges, which has been too centered on its tangible heritage. In doing so, it is believed that there will be longer overnight stays by visitors.
The p53 inducing drug dosage may determine quiescence or senescence

The protein p53 regulates the fate of cells [1]. Blagosklonny and his colleagues [2], and others [3] in a series of studies have been using the non-genotoxic p53 activator, Nutlin-3a, to understand further how p53 induction can determine whether cells arrest die or senesce. In earlier work the p53 dependence of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and senescence has been un-equivocally demonstrated both in whole animal and tissue culture models. In these studies however p53 induction was usually achieved by treatment with a DNA damaging drug or ionizing radiation and the question arises as to how much of the cell fate decision is mediated directly by p53 induction and how much by the fact that p53 is being induced in the environment of a “damaged” cell. Indeed when genetic “reactivation” of p53 is induced in lymphoma models [4] apoptosis is the mechanism of tumor elimination, while in a liver tumor model, p53 induced senescence and macrophage engulfment is the route to regression [5]. In these models however the cells are tumor cells, so p53 induction is still taking place in a “damaged or stressed” cell environment. Now using Nutlin-3a alone at varying doses in normal cells Leontieva et al [6] showed that the response to p53 is very sensitive indeed to the level and duration of the p53 response. This seems to be due to the ability of high levels of p53 to induce both cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the mTOR pathway, while at lower doses, p21 is induced but mTOR inhibition is not. Simply put the inhibition of the cell cycle without mTOR inhibition leads to senescence while dual inhibition leads to a reversible quiescence. This can then lead to the counter-intuitive observation that cells recover better from high doses than from low doses of Nutlin-3a In addition holding cells in a quiescent state for too long helps to promote senescence so both the dose and duration of the p53 signal are critical for outcome. These studies are beginning to throw important light on critical issues of the response of both normal and tumour tissue to therapy. Indeed Leontieva et al showed that Doxorubicin used at the wrong dose/duration might induce a reversible quiescence rather than the desired irreversible senescence or apoptosis in p53 wild type tumor cells. This could help to explain earlier observations by de The and group [7,8] that women with advanced breast cancer show a better response to DNA damaging chemotherapy when they have mutant rather than wild type p53.
Injuries among young soccer players

We registered all new injuries among 496 male youth soccer players, aged 12 to 18 years, during the course of one year. The incidence of injury was 3.7 injuries per 1000 hours of soccer per player. The incidence in creased with age, and at the higher ages within the youth players, approached the incidence rate of senior players (age ≥18 years). Seventy percent of the injuries were located in the lower extremities, particularly the knee (26%) and ankle (23%). Back pain occurred in 14% of players. Fractures, which accounted for 4% of injuries, were most often in the upper extremities. We conclude that youth soccer is a relatively low-risk sport with an injury pattern that differs slightly from that of senior players.
Regulation of Proteolysis of the Stationary-Phase Sigma Factor RpoS

ABSTRACT RpoS, the stationary-phase sigma factor of Escherichia coli, is responsible for increased transcription of an array of genes when cells enter stationary phase and under certain stress conditions. RpoS is rapidly degraded during exponential phase and much more slowly during stationary phase; the resulting changes in RpoS accumulation play an important role in providing differential expression of RpoS-dependent gene expression. It has previously been shown that rapid degradation of RpoS during exponential growth depends on RssB (also called SprE and MviA), a protein with homology to the family of response regulators, and on the ClpXP protease. We find that RssB regulation of proteolysis does not extend to another ClpXP substrate, bacteriophage lambda O protein, suggesting that RssB acts on the specific substrate RpoS rather than on the protease. In addition, the activity of RpoS is down-regulated by RssB when degradation is blocked. In cells blocked for RpoS degradation by a mutation inclpP, cells devoid of RssB show a four- to fivefold-higher activity of an RpoS-dependent reporter fusion than cells overproducing RssB. Therefore, RssB allows specific environmental regulation of RpoS accumulation and may also modulate activity. The regulation of degradation provides an irreversible switch, while the regulation of activity may provide a second, presumably reversible level of control.
ADHD Symptoms in Adolescents’ Everyday Life: Fluctuations and Symptom Structure Within and Between Individuals

Objective: This study investigated whether self-reported ADHD symptoms fluctuate substantially within adolescents from day to day, and examined the underlying symptom factor structure on a within- and between-person level. Method: Adolescents (N = 166) rated their ADHD symptoms over the phone on eight consecutive evenings (total ratings: n = 1,264). Results: ADHD symptoms showed substantial fluctuations within adolescents from day to day, as indicated by within-person standard deviations and intraclass correlation coefficients. Both a two-level factor model with three correlated factors (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity) and a two-level bifactor model with a general ADHD symptom factor and a specific inattention factor provided acceptable to good accounts of the structure underlying daily ADHD symptom ratings on the between- and the within-person level. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that adolescents’ ADHD symptoms fluctuate from day to day and highlights the need for intensive diagnostic processes with repeated symptom assessments and interventions that address symptom fluctuations.
Consumer Search Behaviour and Adoption of Online Booking of Travel Services in Saudi Arabia

The main aim of this study was to investigate current search behaviour among Saudi consumers of travel services, to establish their attitudes towards, and adoption of online search and booking processes. It also aimed to explore current experiences within travel agencies of the adoption of online booking systems in the Saudi Arabian market. The study relied on a multi-method research design, with a focus on using both qualitative and quantitative data across three sequentially organised phases of data collection. Phase one centred on in-depth interviews with Saudi travel agents; phase two adopted a combined approach, using observation and semi-structured interviews, with a focus on getting a comprehensive insight into Saudi consumer search behaviour. In phase three, the researcher undertook a survey of internet adoption and search behaviour with a cross-section of Saudi consumers, located in the UK (N=481). Findings from the first phase demonstrated that Saudi Arabian travel firms continue to rely on offline booking methods and have been relatively slow to adopt online systems. Key factors influencing the adoption of online travel booking technology included attitudinal and cultural factors and an absence of customer trust, security and privacy. The second phase results indicated that information search and evaluation emerged as a single highly integrated process, however behavioural elements within the process varied across individuals, according to their search strategy and level of prior experience. In phase three, the key relationships in the conceptual model were examined, notably the relationship between search constructs and purchase intention. Only a few past studies have examined information search and evaluation in relation to purchase in emerging markets. This study offers a more in-depth perspective on search intention and information search and evaluation in the pre-purchase stage for online travel products. Key insights have emerged on the nature of the relationship between search intention, information search and evaluation and purchase intention through the development of a more comprehensive conceptual framework than in prior studies. The qualitative research demonstrated a) how search ability and search strategies were reflective of confident and well-established search behaviour on the part of Saudi consumers and b) gender and regional variations c) that the nature of information search and evaluation is shaped by behavioural differences at an individual consumer level. The study also offers a deeper understanding of the challenging perceptions that exist with regards to the slow adoption of online travel processes among Saudi Arabian travel firms.
Bacterial Communities Associated with Different Anthurium andraeanum L. Plant Tissues

Plant-associated microbes have specific beneficial functions and are considered key drivers for plant health. The bacterial community structure of healthy Anthurium andraeanum L. plants was studied by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing associated with different plant parts and the rhizosphere. A limited number of bacterial taxa, i.e., Sinorhizobium, Fimbriimonadales, and Gammaproteobacteria HTCC2089 were enriched in the A. andraeanum rhizosphere. Endophytes were more diverse in the roots than in the shoots, whereas all shoot endophytes were found in the roots. Streptomyces, Flavobacterium succinicans, and Asteroleplasma were only found in the roots, Variovorax paradoxus only in the stem, and Fimbriimonas 97%-OTUs only in the spathe, i.e., considered specialists, while Brevibacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Pseudomonas, and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes were generalist and colonized all plant parts. The anaerobic diazotrophic bacteria Lachnospiraceae, Clostridium sp. , and Clostridium bifermentans colonized the shoot system. Phylotypes belonging to Pseudomonas were detected in the rhizosphere and in the substrate (an equiproportional mixture of soil, cow manure, and peat), and dominated the endosphere. Pseudomonas included nine 97%-OTUs with different patterns of distribution and phylogenetic affiliations with different species. P. pseudoalcaligenes and P. putida dominated the shoots, but were also found in the roots and rhizosphere. P. fluorescens was present in all plant parts, while P. resinovorans, P. denitrificans, P. aeruginosa, and P. stutzeri were only detected in the substrate and rhizosphere. The composition of plant-associated bacterial communities is generally considered to be suitable as an indicator of plant health.
The impact of stakeholders’ influence strategies on environmental performance: a moderated mediation model

The present study examines the association between stakeholders’ influence strategies and environmental performance, within a natural-resource-based view framework. Using survey data from a cross-country and cross-industry setting of 170 firms, we tested a moderated mediation model with bootstrapping methods, assessing the mediating role of firms’ proactive environmental strategies and the moderating role of organisational learning capabilities. Results revealed that firms’ proactive environmental strategies acted as a mediator between stakeholders’ influence strategies and environmental performance only when employees’ usage influence strategies was the independent variable. Specifically, proactive environmental strategies mediated the indirect effect when learning capabilities were high but not when they were low. Our findings demonstrate that environmental strategies and learning capabilities are key mechanisms in explaining how employees might advance the corporate greening agenda and ultimately impact firms’ environmental performance.
Developing a Better Understanding of Resort Management: An Inquiry into Industry Practices

The resort industry is a distinctive and dynamic segment of the hospitality industry, producing a unique environment where managers must deal with a wide range of unique issues. Prior research into the area of resort management has been limited in scope with limited investigation into the underlying reasoning behind management practices. Furthermore, research has not attempted to identify distinctive practices specific to resorts. This addresses these areas of concern by examining current techniques and identifying underlying management themes. To complete this analysis, qualitative data relating to how management deals with consumers, employees, and general operations were collected from resort executives. In all, 21 areas of management responsibilities are discussed with two overarching themes guiding management decisions. First, using a family- or team-oriented approach was identified as playing a significant role in management practices. Second, ensuring quality customer experiences rather than just service quality was imperative. Discussion elaborates on these themes, their impacts on resort management, and the need for future research.
Debt Maturity and Lumpy Debt

I develop a dynamic capital structure model in which shareholders determine a firm's leverage ratio, debt maturity, and default strategy. In my model, the firm's debt matures all at once. Therefore, after repaying the principal shareholders own all the firm's cash flows and can pick a new capital structure. The possibility to alter the capital structure at maturity gives shareholders the incentive to issue finite maturity debt and allows me to study firms' joint choice of leverage and debt maturity. I also extend my model by allowing for time-varying capital supply to study time-variation in firms' joint choice of leverage and debt maturity.
Reflecting customers’ innovativeness and intention to adopt islamic banking in Nigeria / Ahmad Muhammad Gumel and Mohammad Azmi Othman

The primary objectives of this study are to investigate the relationship between consumer innovativeness and customers’ intention to adopt Islamic banking (2) to investigate the role of consumer innovativeness in relationship between attitudes, social influence, perceived behavioural control and intention to adopt Islamic banking in Nigeria.The methodology that will be adopted in order to achieve the stated objectives of the research will therefore be a positivist methodology namely: the development of hypothesis to address research questions; use of questionnaire to obtain quantitative data from a reliable sample; and statistical analysis to test the hypothesis.This proposed research framework would compliment efforts of previous researchers by investigating the factors influencing customer’s intention to adopt Islamic banking in Nigeria. It focuses on the relationship between consumer innovativeness, attitude, social influence, perceived behavioral control and intention to adopt the new mode of financing.In addition, it is expected that the relative influence of these independent variables will vary when consumer innovativeness was set to moderate the relationship.
Arrangement of recallable and nonrecallable transmission service reservations

As the introduction of competition in the power industry, new products have been created while the number of risks to which a market player is exposed to have increased dramatically. In an open access environment, the power transfer capability is a random variable, but current available transfer capability (ATC) postings are deterministic. Managing transmission risks requires a statistical forecast for the expected range of transfer capability. In order to reflect the market activities and operational risks, a bootstrap technique is proposed to accommodate the uncertainty factor consideration in the transfer capability calculation. The proposed method assesses, for incremental levels of transfers, the probability of transaction curtailment. Based on this information a simple method for determining the optimal split of recallable and nonrecallable capacity in each transmission reservation is presented.
Recent studies of avian sex ratios

Sex allocation theory, and its success in predicting sex ratios in such taxa as parasitoid wasps, is often cited as one of the crowning achievements of theoretical evolutionary biology. Its success in some vertebrate taxa, particularly birds, has been more modest. I discuss two reasons for this. First, it is difficult to obtain avian sex ratio data before substantial offspring mortality has occurred. Second, the theory and data required to predict sex allocation patterns (let alone sex ratio patterns) in vertebrates are complex and hard to obtain. Recently developed molecular genetic techniques allowing sex identification from DNA samples have largely solved the first problem and there have been several striking empirical demonstrations of sex ratio biases consistent with sex allocation theory in wild bird populations. Solution of the second problem may come with the incorporation of realistic life history data into models and the use of experimental manipulations to reveal the fitness consequences of allocation strategies. Further data concerning sex ratio variation in taxa such as birds, with chromosomal sex determination, are valuable because they allow the investigation of the role of constraint vs. adaptation in evolution.
The effect of product placement on persuasion for mobile phone games

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the persuasive effect of product placement on mobile phone games. An experiment was conducted with a 2 (type of game: high level of attention vs low level of attention) × 2 (placement location: focal vs peripheral) × 2 (type of brand: high-familiarity brand vs low-familiarity brand) between-subjects design to examine whether the type of game, type of brand and product placement of mobile phone games affect gamers’ (N = 324) memories, attitudes towards product placement and purchase intentions. The results showed that: (1) gamers have higher recall of brands embedded in the focal area than those in the peripheral areas of the game; (2) gamers’ product-related recall improves when high-familiarity brands rather than low-familiarity brands are embedded within games; and (3) gamers who exhibit more positive attitudes towards product placement are more likely to exhibit stronger purchase intentions.