Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETECTING FLARING STRUCTURES IN SAGITTARIUS A* WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY VLBI

The super-massive black hole candidate, Sagittarius A*, exhibits variability from radio to X-ray wavelengths on timescales that correspond to <10 Schwarzschild radii. We survey the potential of millimeter wavelength very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) to detect and constrain time-variable structures that could give rise to such variations, focusing on a model in which an orbiting hot spot is embedded in an accretion disk. Nonimaging algorithms are developed that use interferometric closure quantities to test for periodicity, and applied to an ensemble of hot spot models that sample a range of parameter space. We find that structural periodicity in a wide range of cases can be detected on most potential VLBI arrays using modern VLBI instrumentation. Future enhancements of millimeter/submillimeter VLBI arrays including phased-array processors to aggregate VLBI station collecting area, increased bandwidth recording, and addition of new VLBI sites all significantly aid periodicity detection. The methods described herein can be applied to other models of Sagittarius A*, including jet outflows and magnetohydrodynamic accretion simulations.
VARIABILITY IN AND CORRELATIONS AMONG SELECTED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EUROPEAN LARCH (LARIX DECIDUA MILL.) SEEDS

Selected physical attributes of European larch seeds harvested from 2 seed plantations and 2 commercial seed stands in north-eastern Poland were determined. The physical properties of seeds were measured, and the results were used to calculate indicators of seed weight and the frictional and geometric properties of seeds. Physical attributes and indicators were compared by Student’s t-test for independent samples, analysis of variance, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. The average values of physical properties and indicators were determined at: critical transport velocity – from 5.93 to 6.13 m · s –1 , thickness – from 1.25 to 1.43 mm, width – from 2.29 to 2.71 mm,
Correct identification and biosecurity decision-making: Two species instead of one in Aceria genistae complex (Acari: Eriophyidae) in New Zealand

Abstract In this paper, Aceria genistae (Nalepa) on scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) from Mandagout, France is redescribed and a neotype is designated. A gall mite on Ulex europaeus L. (Fabaceae) in New Zealand, previously mis-identified by David Manson as A. genistae is here redescribed as a new species, Aceria davidmansoni sp. nov. Taxonomic and nomenclatural history of A. genistae is reviewed.
Lidar temperature measurements of gravity waves over Kühlungsborn (54°N) from 1 to 105 km: A winter‐summer comparison

[1] Since August 2002, temperature measurements from 1 to 105 km are performed at the Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Kuhlungsborn (54°N) with a combination of different lidars. Results from 14 nights in winter and 31 in summer are presented. Nightly mean profiles and fluctuations with a temporal and vertical resolution of 15 min and 1 km, respectively, are derived. In both seasons, wave energy propagates upward (phase propagates downward) with vertical phase speeds of −0.25 to −1.9 m/s. Phase speeds are generally larger in the mesosphere compared to the stratosphere because of decreasing static stability. Wave periods are found in the entire range of 1–8 hours (given by experimental constraints) with no preference for particular periods. The observed vertical wavelengths cover the entire instrumental range of 5–50 km, but the majority lies below 22 km in both seasons. In single nights, a few waves (up to three) dominate the wave spectrum and represent 45–65% of the entire variability. Wave amplitudes generally increase with altitude with a scale height of ∼18–22 km, i.e., less than expected (14 km) for propagation conserving momentum flux density. The gravity wave energy loss changes with altitude and is different in both seasons. Local fluctuation minima (“nodes”) are often observed, frequently colocated with convective instabilities. Temperature fluctuations are generally smaller in summer compared to winter (maximum values are 10 and 25 K, respectively). Applying gravity wave polarization relations to the mean winter and summer lidar temperature profiles, the difference of fluctuations is basically determined by the background conditions, especially at ∼60–80 km.
Development and structural validation of a scale to assess regulation of anger and sadness in interpersonal situations

The purpose of this research was to develop and validate a new instrument to assess the regulation of anger and sadness in interpersonal situations, covering a wide range of emotion regulation strategies. Two studies were carried out, both of them using purposively selected samples. In Study 1 we created a set of items based on previous studies of emotion regulation, applied a preliminary version of this scale to a pilot sample of undergraduate students (n = 400), and then selected, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the best 28 items to include in a brief version of the instrument, the Scale of Emotion Regulation in Interpersonal Situations (SERIS). In Study 2 we tested the resulting scale in a new sample of undergraduate students (n = 259) by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 validated the factor structure identified in the EFA. Results showed that the scale has adequate internal consistency and psychometric properties. The new scale also identifies the strategies that are most frequently used in the anger and sadness scenarios, showing differential patterns which are consistent with previous literature on emotion regulation. We discuss the limitations of the study and acknowledge that future studies addressing the scale’s convergent and discriminant validity are now required.
Sex attractant in the marine insect Trochopus plumbeus (Heteroptera:Veliidae):a preliminary report

We present evidence of sex-attracting subless, probably an adaptation to their marine habitat stances produced by males of the marine insect Trocho~us (Andersen & Polhemus 1976). They are predators and plumbeus. This small veliid is widely d~stributed in the feed on other snlaU insects or invertebrates caught on Caribbean. Large numbers were found in the mangrove areas of several islands in the Bahamas. Field assays using live the water surface (L. Cheng perS. ohs.). How these insects and extracts demonstrated that females were highly insects find one another and mate in their ever-changattracted to males and male extracts, but not the opposite. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of extracts from both males and females revealed the presence of a series of aldehydes and long-chain aliphatic acids that are insoluble in water, some of which could possibly act as surface-dispersible semiochemicals.
An amplified dusty star-forming galaxy at z=6: unveiling an elusive population of galaxies

Since their discovery, submillimeter-selected galaxies (SMGs) have revolutionized the field of galaxy formation and evolution. Hundreds of square degrees have been mapped at submillimeter wavelengths and notwithstanding the negative K-correction in the submm bands, where there is no significant loss of sensitivity to the detection of these sources up to z~10, only a handful of sources have been confirmed to lie at z>5 and only two at z>6. All of these SMGs are rare examples of extreme starburst galaxies with star formation rates (SFRs) of >1000 M_sun/yr and therefore are not representative of the general population of dusty star-forming galaxies. Consequently, our understanding of the nature of these sources, at the earliest epochs, is still incomplete. Here we report the spectroscopic identification of a gravitationally amplified (mu = 9.3 +/- 1.0) dusty star-forming galaxy at z=6.027. After correcting for gravitational lensing we derive an intrinsic SFR of 380 +/- 50 M_sun/yr for this source, and find that its gas and dust properties are similar to those measured for local Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs), extending the local trends up to an unexplored territory at high redshift. This ULIRG-like galaxy at z=6 suggests a universal star-formation efficiency during the last 12.8 Gyr for dusty star-forming galaxies.
Outcomes and factors affecting them in patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis

Aim To report the frequency and factors affecting patients’, globe and vision survivals in rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). Methods This is a retrospective study of 63 patients (79 eyes) with biopsy-proven ROCM at a university hospital 2008–2016. Systemic and ophthalmic manifestations, imaging, management and final outcomes were recorded. Globe survival was defined as no exenteration and vision survival as final visual acuity of light perception and more. Results Mean age was 55.5 (SD 12.9) years with no gender preference. Diabetes was the most common underlying disease (68.3%). Patient survival was observed in 57.1 % (36/63). Presence of frozen eye (OR 4.6), nasal mucosal involvement (OR 7.3) and shorter duration of antifungal therapy (OR 1.03) were significantly associated with lower patient survival. Exenteration did not significantly change the survival. Globe survival was detected in 43% (34/79). Higher white blood cell (WBC) count was associated with a lower globe survival (p=0.02). Vision survival was observed in 25.3% (20/79) in whom younger age was significantly associated with a worse vision survival. Conclusion Patient, globe and vision survivals were 57%, 43% and 25%, respectively. Exenteration did not affect the patients’ survival. While frozen eye and nasal mucosal involvement were significantly associated with a lower survival, higher WBC count significantly increased the risk of exenteration.
Status and trends in the use of insulin analogs, insulin delivery systems and their association with glycemic control: comparison of the two consecutive recent cohorts of Japanese children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background Treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has greatly changed by the general use of insulin analogs and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). To investigate whether these advances have been translated into continued improvement in glycemic control in Japanese children and adolescents, we analyzed the registration data of the two consecutive recent cohorts of Japanese childhood-onset T1DM patients. Methods The registration data including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hypoglycemia and insulin regimen were compared between the two cohorts (862 patients in the 2008 cohort and 1090 in the 2013 cohort). Results The proportion of subjects with multiple daily insulin injection therapy (MDI) and CSII significantly increased (p<0.0001) from 67.4% and 9.7% to 71.8% and 23.4%, respectively. In the 2013 cohort, almost all patients were treated with basal-bolus treatment using insulin analogs. The use of CSII increased in all age groups, especially in the age group 0–5 years. The rates of overall, moderate and severe hypoglycemia significantly declined from 10.24, 10.18 and 0.056 events/100 persons/period in the 2008 cohort to 0.66, 0.62 and 0.033 in the 2013 cohort (p<0.0001, <0.0001, 0.04), respectively. Contrarily, there were no significant changes in HbA1c values between the two cohorts. Conclusions The popularization of the basal-bolus treatment using insulin analogs hascontributed to a significant decrease in hypoglycemia. In contrast, the intensive insulin treatment may not be enough for the satisfactory improvement of glycemic control in Japanese children and adolescents with T1DM. Considerable points remain, such as diabetic education and support to motivate patients.
PANCHROMATIC HUBBLE ANDROMEDA TREASURY. XVI. STAR CLUSTER FORMATION EFFICIENCY AND THE CLUSTERED FRACTION OF YOUNG STARS

We use the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury survey data set to perform spatially resolved measurements of star cluster formation efficiency (Γ), the fraction of stellar mass formed in long-lived star clusters. We use robust star formation history and cluster parameter constraints, obtained through color–magnitude diagram analysis of resolved stellar populations, to study Andromeda’s cluster and field populations over the last ∼300 Myr. We measure Γ of 4%–8% for young, 10–100 Myr-old populations in M31. We find that cluster formation efficiency varies systematically across the M31 disk, consistent with variations in mid-plane pressure. These Γ measurements expand the range of well-studied galactic environments, providing precise constraints in an H i-dominated, low-intensity star formation environment. Spatially resolved results from M31 are broadly consistent with previous trends observed on galaxy-integrated scales, where Γ increases with increasing star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR). However, we can explain observed scatter in the relation and attain better agreement between observations and theoretical models if we account for environmental variations in gas depletion time (τdep) when modeling Γ, accounting for the qualitative shift in star formation behavior when transitioning from a H2-dominated to a H i-dominated interstellar medium. We also demonstrate that Γ measurements in high ΣSFR starburst systems are well-explained by τdep-dependent fiducial Γ models.
Frequency of Adverse Events Following Q Fever Immunisation in Young Adults

Q fever is a zoonosis of concern in many countries. Vaccination is the most effective means of prevention, and since 1989, Australia has had a licensed Q fever vaccine, Q-VAX®. This vaccine was also used in the Netherlands in 2011 following the largest recorded Q fever outbreak globally. There is a paucity of available data regarding adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) for young adult females. Such data are important for informing future vaccination recommendations both within Australia and internationally. This study collected Q fever vaccine (Q-VAX®) AEFI data in veterinary and animal science students at Australian universities. Students were enrolled at the time of vaccination and were emailed a link to an online AEFI survey one week later. Of the 60% (499/827) that responded, 85% were female and the median age was 18 years. Local injection site reactions (ISRs) occurred in 98% (95%; CI 96–99%) of respondents, of which 30% (95% CI 24–32%) were severe. Systemic AEFI occurred in 60% (95%; CI 55–64%) of respondents within the seven days following immunisation. Medical attention was sought by 19/499 (3.8%) respondents, of whom one sought treatment at a hospital emergency department. Females were more likely than males to experience any local ISR (odds ratio [OR] 9.3; 95% CI 2.5–33.8; p < 0.001), ISRs of greater severity (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.5–4.2; p < 0.001), and any systemic AEFI (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1–3.1; p = 0.016). These safety data suggest that a high frequency of adverse events following immunisation should be expected in young adults, particularly females. However, the consequences of Q fever disease are potentially far more debilitating.
Oleate disrupts cAMP signaling, contributing to potent stimulation of pancreatic β-cell autophagy

Autophagy is critical for maintaining cellular function via clearance of excess nutrients and damaged organelles. In pancreatic β-cells, it helps counter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that impairs insulin secretory capacity during Type 2 diabetes. Chronic exposure of β-cells to saturated fatty acids (FAs) such as palmitate stimulates ER stress and modulates autophagy, but the effects of unsaturated FAs such as oleate, which are also elevated during obesity, are less well understood. We therefore treated MIN6 cells and mouse islets for 8–48 h with either palmitate or oleate, and then monitored autophagic flux, signaling pathways, lysosomal biology, and phospholipid profiles. Compared with palmitate, oleate more effectively stimulated both autophagic flux and clearance of autophagosomes. The flux stimulation occurred independently of ER stress, nutrient-sensing (mTOR) and signaling pathways (protein kinases A, C, and D). Instead the mechanism involved the exchange factor directly activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2). Oleate reduced cellular cAMP, and its effects on autophagic flux were reproduced or inhibited, respectively, by Epac2 knockdown or activation. Oleate also increased lysosomal acidity and increased phospholipid saturation, consistent with improved autophagosomal fusion with lysosomes. We conclude that a potent stimulation of autophagy might help explain the known benefits of unsaturated FAs in countering the toxicity of saturated FAs in β-cells during obesity and lipid loading.
Possible Transient Benefits of Epstein Barr Virus Infection in Three Subjects with Established Type 1 Diabetes

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a novel immunotherapy for type I diabetes because it selectively kills insulin autoreactive T-cells, which enables recovery of insulin production by pancreatic islet cells. The TNF inducer Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) also has therapeutic value by activating innate immunity that beneficially modifies the course of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the same manner as TNF. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection is also an inducer of TNF. This observational study was undertaken to determine whether EBV has the same beneficial effects as BCG in a recent clinical trial. We describe three cases of long-term diabetic subjects with active mononucleosis that were followed for 15 weeks to determine the impact of EBV infection on established T1D. In comparison to non-EBVinfected long-term diabetics, EBV transiently diminished the autoimmune response in two of three cases. EBV infection triggered rapid increase of circulating insulin-B autoreactive T-cells whose striking loss of CD8 marker indicated that the cells were injured or apoptotic. EBV infection also caused a transient surge in the secretion of C-peptide, a marker for pancreatic insulin secretion. EBV acts like BCG in eliciting innate immunity and beneficially modifying the course of TID.
Industry-Specific Human Capital: Evidence from Displaced Workers

Results from the Displaced Worker Surveys show that the wage cost of switching industries following displacement is strongly correlated with predisplacement measures of both work experience and tenure. Workers apparently receive compensation for some skills that are neither completely general nor firm-specific but rather specific to their industry or line of work. Further, among displaced workers who find new jobs in their predisplacement industry, postdisplacement returns to predisplacement job tenure resemble cross-section estimates of the returns to current seniority. This suggests that firm-specific factors may contribute little to the observed slope of wage tenure profiles.
Characteristics and source apportionment of fine haze aerosol in Beijing during the winter of 2013

Abstract. For PM2.5 filter samples collected daily at the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (Beijing, China) from December of 2013 to February of 2014 (the winter period), chemical characteristics and sources were investigated with an emphasis on haze events in different alert levels. During the 3 months, the average PM2.5 concentration was 89 µg m−3, exceeding the Chinese national standard of 75 µg m−3 in 24 h. The maximum PM2.5 concentration was 307 µg m−3, which characterizes developed-type pollution (PM2.5 / PM10>0.5) in the World Health Organization criteria. PM2.5 was dominated by SO42−, NO3−, and pseudo-carbonaceous compounds with obvious differences in concentrations and proportions between non-haze and haze episodes. The non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) analysis provided reasonable PM2.5 source profiles, by which five sources were identified: soil dust, traffic emission, biomass combustion, industrial emission, and coal combustion accounting for 13, 22, 12, 28, and 25 % of the total, respectively. The dust impact increased with northwesterlies during non-haze periods and decreased under stagnant conditions during haze periods. A blue alert of heavy air pollution was characterized by the greatest contribution from industrial emissions (61 %). During the Chinese Lantern Festival, an orange alert was issued and biomass combustion was found to be the major source owing to firework explosions. Red-alert haze was almost equally contributed by local traffic and transported coal combustion emissions from the vicinity of Beijing (approximately 40 % each) that was distinguished by the highest levels of NO3− and SO42−, respectively. This study also reveals that the severity and source of haze are largely dependent on meteorological conditions.
A Simple and Rapid Glass Bead Transformation Method for a Filamentous Fungus Fusarium oxysporum

The genetic manipulation in filamentous fungi has always remained a challenge, which is necessary to study gene functions in pathogenic fungi so as to gain insight into the molecular processes necessary for pathogenesis. The fulfillment of this objective depends on the availability of suitable transformation method. Fusarium oxysporum is a plant pathogenic filamentous fungus, which causes vascular wilt disease in a wide variety of plants. The current transformation methods used for this fungus are particle bombardment, Agrobacterium tumefaciens- and protoplastmediated transformation. In this study, we have developed an easy, rapid and reproducible protocol for transformation of F. oxysporum by using glass beads in combination with polyethylene glycol. We utilized the GFP gene construct for developing this transformation protocol. The transformation frequency of about 15 transformants per μg of DNA was obtained. This simple transformation method may be adopted for other filamentous fungi.
Detection of Mutation in 23S rRNA in Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes Resistant to Erythromycin

In this study, erythromycin resistance isolates from the students with aged 12-15 yr old were studied and the mutations in the 23S rRNA were identified by sequencing. Methods: Throat samples of 327 students with 12-15 years old from 3 schools of Tehran were cultured on the selective Streptococcus pyogenes medium and 23 strains were primarily selected as S. pyogenes. Results: All strains were susceptible to penicillin and bacitracin (0.04U). Minimum inhibitory of concentrations (MICs) for erythromycin were determined in which 5 strains were found intermediate, 2 strains resistance and the remaining 16 strains susceptible to erythromycin. MIC for the erythromycin-resistance strains, BT3 and BT4, were 8.2 and 12.4 µg/ml, respectively. PCR was performed for each six 23S rRNA operons and a fragment with 550 bp was sequenced. For two resistance strains, BT3 and BT4 there were a mutation in position 2059 (A to G). Also another mutation in position 2529 (G to A) was detected in BT3. Conclusion: In addition to mutation at the position 2058 other point mutations in different positions of domain V involve in the resistance to macrolides.
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies of dye (rhodamine-b) onto natural diatomite

Thermodynamics and adsorption studies were conducted with a dye of rhodamine-B on natural diatomite. Adsorption of the dye was investigated with an initial dye concentration at pH 8±0.2, 303, 313 and 323 K. The adsorption experiments were carried out isothermally at three different temperatures. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium data and the results were discussed in details. The kinetic data agreed with the pseudo-first order model with rate constants (k2) in the range of 3.05-1.59. 10 -1 g/mg min. The thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy, entropy change and enthalpy were calculated for natural diatomite. These values showed that adsorption of rhodamine-B on natural diatomite was a spontaneous and endothermic process.