Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge management in knowledge-intensive organisations: Understanding its benefits, processes, infrastructure and barriers

Background: Knowledge management aims to improve organisational performance and it marks the beginning of organisational transformation. Most knowledge-intensive organisations engage and practise knowledge management without a full understanding of its benefits. A knowledge-intensive organisation is an organisation whose services and operations are heavily reliant on professional knowledge. The study, therefore, provides a solid understanding of knowledge management benefits, processes, infrastructure and barriers in knowledge-intensive organisations.Objectives: To understand knowledge management, its benefits, processes, infrastructure and barriers in knowledge-intensive organisations. The research objectives extend our understanding of knowledge management in organisations, identify and describe knowledge management benefits. Identification of the most important knowledge management process and associated infrastructure are among other objectives.Method: A survey was used to solve the problem. A structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 112 participants from knowledge-intensive firms in Namibia. The quantitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013 spreadsheet package.Results: The study has revealed that the prime benefit of knowledge management in knowledge-intensive organisations is to allow improved knowledge flow, thereby enhancing the capability of the organisation to manage change with more than 50% representation of the participants. In addition to that, the study also found that knowledge sharing is the most important knowledge management process, among other processes such as knowledge creation, knowledge capture and knowledge reuse. All the participants (100%) concurred that a flat organisational structure supports knowledge sharing. The research findings have further discovered that the biggest barrier to effective knowledge management is the lack of budget to support knowledge management efforts. This was represented by 67.9% of the participants. Lack of executive support and lack of time were also among the great barriers with 57.1% and 52.7%, respectively.Conclusion: Knowledge management allows improved knowledge flow in knowledge-intensive organisations. We can, therefore, conclude that the participants believed that knowledge sharing is more important than creation, capturing, transferring and reuse. It is, therefore, important to underscore that knowledge sharing should be taken as a priority if organisations are to remain competitive. Research results have also revealed that a flat organisational structure is the best for knowledge sharing. For improved organisational performance, knowledge management barriers must be removed with the assistance of management.
Statistical discrimination of breast cancer microarray data

Recently published literatures indicate that, a consistent and precise classification system of microarray data is very essential for the successful identification of genes responsible for a cancer subtype and early treatment of cancer. However, in common clinical practice, diagnostic assertion of malignancies mostly relies on the morphological examination of tissues and clinical tests. In spite of the recent progress of treatment that uses semiempirical approaches involving computation methods, there are still uncertainties in cancer identification and diagnosis. High density oligonucleotide chips and genomic microarray data are being used progressively more in cancer research by generating huge expression data for thousands of genes simultaneously that poses problem of mining specific genes responsible for characterization of a specific cancer subtype. In this backdrop, we briefly address the impact of various statistical methods and their relative performances for the identification of potential probes and Discriminant genes for the breast cancer. We used Fisher's Discriminant Ratio (FDR), two tailed T-Test and vector norm on raw expression data and for each of the probe generated from the difference data accounting for up and down regulation of expression for each probes for various samples. The result indicates the potential of these methods to identify genes responsible for manifestation of breast cancer which is also well supported by the published result of experiments. The success of this approach not only gives the benefit of identification of cancer specific genes but also may help building of efficient classifier on the basis of these genes for automatic diagnostics of cancer.
A high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide and its comparison with chemiluminescent immunoassay

Abstract Background: Carbamazepine is a first-choice antiepileptic drug for the treatment of simple and complex partial seizures. The use of an established therapeutic range for carbamazepine concentration is limited by the presence of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, its active metabolite that significantly contributes to the efficacy and toxicity and is not routinely measured and accounted for. This article describes the development of a HPLC method for determination of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in serum, and compares it with chemiluminescence immunoassay to evaluate the importance of considering the active metabolite in therapeutic strategies. Methods: The procedure involves protein precipitation, separation on a reverse-phase column and ultraviolet detection. The analytical procedure proved to be sensitive, selective, precise, accurate and linear (regression coefficients >0.999) in the range of 0.5–25.0 μg/mL and 0.1–10.0 μg/mL for quantification of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, respectively. For the comparison between methods, serum samples of 75 patients using the medication were evaluated. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the carbamazepine concentrations measured by HPLC are significantly higher than those obtained by immunoassay (mean difference of 1.07 μg/mL, 95% limits of agreement from –0.65 to 2.80 μg/mL). Conclusions: This difference may be decisive for the therapy. In some cases, this may affect the individual dosage adjustment and subsequent treatment. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:458–63.
Value Appropriation and Firm Shareholder Value: Role of Advertising and Receivables Management

Value-appropriation activities enable a firm to extract more profits from existing customers. The authors examine how investments in two types of value-appropriation activities—advertising and receivables—are jointly associated with abnormal stock returns and idiosyncratic risk. Using data from 1,375 firms over the period of 2003–2015, the authors find that advertising investments and receivables investments interact as substitutes, such that increasing advertising (receivables) investments is detrimental to the beneficial effect of receivables (advertising) investments on firm shareholder value. They find that this association is contingent on firm business scope, such that the joint effect of advertising investments and receivables investments becomes weaker when firms have a broader business scope compared with a narrower business scope.
Role of image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of lung lesions in diagnosis and primary care of patients: Experience in a Government Medical College of Eastern India

Context: Lung cancer is the most common cancer affecting males worldwide. Its incidence in females is also on an increasing trend. Other conditions affecting lung-like tuberculosis are on a rise in middle-east countries due to overcrowding and poor living conditions. In developing countries, image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lung lesions is a cost-effective method for early detection and apt treatment of patients by physicians. Aim: The main aim of this study is to identify the importance of computed tomography (CT)guided FNAC as an accurate and cost-effective tool in early diagnosis of lung lesions. Settings and Design: It was prospective and retrospective study done in a government medical college of West Bengal, India. Material and Methods: Over a period of two years, 42 cases were included in the study. These were further subjected to evaluation of pulmonary mass lesions by CT guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology. Results: Out of these 42 cases majority were males with cough being most common clinical presentation. On CT guided FNAC of pulmonary lesions 69% of cases were malignant. Cytoradiological correlation in this study was 90.4%. Conclusion: CT guided FNAC of lung lesions is an accurate, cost effective and quick technique for early diagnosis, referral and appropriate treatment of patients in developing countries.
The Lived Experience of Girl-to-Girl Aggression in Marginalized Girls

Girl-to-girl aggression is increasingly being recognized as a health problem, and the number of teenage girls involved in serious fighting is on the rise. Research on the experiences of girl-to-girl aggression in marginalized girls who are out of the mainstream because of poor relationship skills and physical aggression is notably absent, yet this group is at heightened risk for persistent violence. In this study I used the interpretive phenomenological approach to study the lived experience of girl-to-girl aggression in girls who were marginalized and attending an alternative school because of physically aggressive behavior. Data were collected over a 4-month period by means of in-depth interviews and field notes. For this population, girl-to-girl aggression provided self-protection, expressed girls’ identity, and was also a means to finding attachment, connection, and friendship. These findings have multidisciplinary implications for interventions with physically aggressive girls, including mentoring programs, in-school support groups, and exploration of a paradigm shift in the use of alternative schools.
Evidence for the upregulation of osteogenic protein‐1 mRNA expression in musculoskeletal neoplasms

Little is known about bone and cartilage tumors at the molecular level; thus, the identification of genes associated with these tumors may be useful as markers and therapeutic targets. To address this issue and to test the hypothesis that abnormal expression of one or more growth factors in the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily is associated with musculoskeletal neoplasia, degenerate primers based on the conserved sequences in these genes were made for screening tumor samples by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. First, these primers were used to obtain a comparative profile between a low‐grade chondrosarcoma and its dedifferentiated high‐grade counterpart in the same patient. This experiment identified an amplified DNA product in the high‐grade sample that was identical to osteogenic protein‐1/bone morphogenetic protein‐7. Osteogenic protein‐1 mRNA expression was 17‐fold greater in this high‐grade sample than in the low‐grade one. Osteogenic protein‐1 was highly expressed (three of three) in human osteosarcoma cell lines but was not expressed (zero of four) in normal osteoblast samples. Screening for gene expression of osteogenic protein‐1 in 57 osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas indicated that 44% (range: 38–52%) of them were positive for osteogenic protein‐1 mRNA. Screening of breast and prostate tumors revealed a similar association with osteogenic protein‐1 mRNA expression.
Ethnicity, nutrition, and birth outcomes in nulliparous women.

OBJECTIVE Ethnic differences in birth outcomes are well established, but it is not clear whether differences in nutrition may partly explain unaccounted differences in birth outcomes. Our purpose was to evaluate the relationship of nutrition to ethnic differences in birth outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This was a multicenter, prospective study of 4589 healthy nulliparous women who were enrolled in the Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention trial conducted from 1992 to 1995. Main outcome measures were birth weight, gestational age at delivery, preterm birth, and small for gestational age birth after the data were controlled for maternal characteristics and intake of total calories, protein, carbohydrate, fat, and 13 vitamin and mineral constituents that were obtained from a 24-hour recall at 13 to 21 weeks' gestation. RESULTS Black and non-Hispanic white women differed significantly in birth outcomes, with odds ratios of 2.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.86) for small for gestational age and 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.95) for preterm birth, after adjustment for maternal characteristics. These odds ratios were hardly changed by the further adjustment for all nutritional variables, even though there were substantial nutritional differences between black and white women. Differences in birth outcomes between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women were small. Hispanic women who spoke only Spanish were better nourished than those Hispanic women who spoke English, but this had only a modest effect on birth outcomes. CONCLUSION Nutritional variation among women in the United States does not appear to have a significant role in the explanation of ethnic differences in birth outcomes.
Estimation of the anesthetic depth using wavelet analysis of electroencephalogram

This paper investigates the use of wavelet decomposition of the electroencephalogram (EEG) to assess the hypnotic state of anesthetized patients undergoing surgery. A single case study and a comparison with an existing monitor of hypnosis are presented. The proposed technique can differentiate clearly between the anesthetized state and the awake "baseline" state.
A practical approach to testicular biopsy interpretation for male infertility.

CONTEXT The combination of testicular biopsy and clinical evaluation for male infertility is becoming progressively more important because new technologies allow men previously considered infertile to father children. Although most general pathologists are experienced with normal, neoplastic, and cryptorchid testicular specimens, the testicular biopsy for infertility requires understanding of a different set of diagnostic categories not otherwise commonly encountered. OBJECTIVE To highlight a standardized nomenclature for germ cell abnormalities allowing for effective communication with the urologist and maximal clinical benefit from the biopsy. DATA SOURCES Previously published consensus statements, review articles, peer-reviewed research publications, and abstracts. CONCLUSIONS A practical approach to evaluating testicular biopsies for fertility and the clinical implications for each abnormality are herein outlined.
Ribosomal 18 S RNA Processing by the IGF-I-responsive WDR3 Protein Is Integrated with p53 Function in Cancer Cell Proliferation*

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling is strongly associated with cell growth and regulates the rate of synthesis of the rRNA precursor, the first and the key stage of ribosome biogenesis. In a screen for mediators of IGF-I signaling in cancer, we recently identified several ribosome-related proteins, including NEP1 (nucleolar essential protein 1) and WDR3 (WD repeat 3), whose homologues in yeast function in ribosome processing. The WDR3 gene and its locus on chromosome 1p12-13 have previously been linked with malignancy. Here we show that IGF-I induces expression of WDR3 in transformed cells. WDR3 depletion causes defects in ribosome biogenesis by affecting 18 S rRNA processing and also causes a transient down-regulation of precursor rRNA levels with moderate repression of RNA polymerase I activity. Suppression of WDR3 in cells expressing functional p53 reduced proliferation and arrested cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This was associated with activation of p53 and sequestration of MDM2 by ribosomal protein L11. Cells lacking functional p53 did not undergo cell cycle arrest upon suppression of WDR3. Overall, the data indicate that WDR3 has an essential function in 40 S ribosomal subunit synthesis and in ribosomal stress signaling to p53-mediated regulation of cell cycle progression in cancer cells.
The Bionic Eye: Retinal Prostheses

The dream of making the blind see has motivated a number of researchers to attempt to create vision synthetically in blind persons. Cortical implants as well as retinal implants have been and are being developed for synthetic vision. The application of modern technologies and techniques to the problem of outer retinal blindness has led to a number of initiatives in the United States and around the world. The development of new tools such as microfabrication and nanofabrication techniques have made available a plethora of previously unattainable approaches. Although retinal prostheses in various forms are in their infancy, the techniques in development offer hope to individuals with severely diminished vision worldwide. The magnitude of the problem of vision loss becomes apparent when one considers the number of blind individuals in the United States alone. According to the2000U.S. Censusdata, approximately 937,000Americans are legally blind, whereas another 2.4millionpeople have low vision; 54%of blind Americans suffer from age-related macular degeneration. Seven million Americans have early age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), whereas 1.75million have exudative ARMDor geographic atrophy. It is estimated that by 2020, 2.95 million Americans will have wet ARMD or geographic atrophy. Worldwide, it is estimated that 10 million people are blind from degenerative retinal diseases such as ARMD and retinitis pigmentosa. Degenerative retinal diseases such as ARMD and retinitis pigmentosa, which leave the inner retina intact, allow the possibility of recovery of vision through the use of a retinal implant. This paper focuses on current developments in retinal prosthesis technology. Patients suffering fromglaucoma or another optic nerve disease would not benefit from a retinal implant but could potentially benefit from a cortical implant. Cortical implants are covered briefly for thoroughness sake in discussing synthetic vision. JOBNAME: ioc 44#4 2004 PAGE: 1 OUTPUT: Mon September 13 13:11:27 2004
High-performance optical analog link using external modulator

An experimental fiber-optic analog link with a noise figure of only 6-dB, a 104-dB intermodulation-free dynamic range (measured using a 10-Hz noise bandwidth), and an RF-to-RF gain of 11 dB at 50 MHz is discussed. The link includes no electronic amplification. It uses a very sensitive bandpass impedance-matched Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ interferometric modulator and an input optical power of 55 mW at 1.32 mu m. <<ETX>>
Droop Control Method with Virtual Output Impedance for Parallel Operation of Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems in a Microgrid

In this paper, a novel droop control scheme applied to distributed UPSs forming a microgrid is proposed. The control architecture consists of two levels of hierarchy: 1) the P/Q droop control method of every UPS unit and 2) the management of the microgrid through the control of the setpoints of the units and the intelligent switch connected to the strong grid. This second level of control let us to connect or disconnect the microgrid to the utility mains, resulting in two scenarios: grid-connected and islanding operation mode. Also, it is taken into account the seamlessly transition between both operation modes, the possibility to share power with the utility grid, and the energy management of the overall system.
New Diagnostic Method for Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis

Liver fibrosis, i.e. excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases. The prognosis and management of chronic liver diseases depend on the degree of liver fibrosis. Therefore, the assessment of liver fibrosis provides useful information not only for diagnosis but also for treatment planning. Although liver biopsy is still the gold standard for assessing hepatic fibrosis, it has some technical limitations and risks. Furthermore, the dynamic process of liver fibrosis resulting from progression and regression cannot be quantified by liver biopsy. Therefore, alternative, simple, reliable and noninvasive tests are needed to assess the stage of fibrosis. Several noninvasive direct and indirect serum markers able to predict the presence of significant fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease with considerable accuracy have been reported. However, since most of these markers require complicated calculations, clinical application is difficult. Transient elastography (FibroScan®) is a new method for the evaluation of liver stiffness. The technique is based on changes in tissue elasticity induced by hepatic fibrosis. Liver stiffness measured by transient elastography is a noninvasive, reproducible and reliable method to assess hepatic fibrosis as well as to diagnose liver cirrhosis. Based on accumulating clinical data, clinical applications of elastography will increase in the near future.
The Impact of Information System Implementation to the Integrated System for Increasing the Supply Chain Performance of Manufacturing Companies

This study examines the impact of information system management implementation on the company performance with the mediating role of process innovation and process innovation. Data collection is conducted by distributing questionnaires to, and through interviews with the respondents engaged in the department of the information system of 41 companies in Surabaya, Indonesia. The questionnaire is designed using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1: strongly disagree up to 5: strongly agree. The data analysis uses smart PLS software version 3.0. The study found that the implementation of a management information system directly affects the process of innovation. The implementation of a management information system also directly influences product innovation. The implementation of a management information system does not directly affect the supply chain performance. The process innovation improves product innovation. Process innovation does not provide a direct impact on supply chain performance. Product innovation directly gives an impact on the improvement of the performance. In total, the implementation of management information systems affects supply chain performance through the process innovation and product innovation by the coefficient of 0.526. This study contributes to the current research on supply chain management and paves the way for managers to improve the supply chain performance by implementing the management information system, product innovation, and process innovation.
Transcriptional regulation of the Kluyveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase gene

We examined the molecular basis for beta-D-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) induction in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. The protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin effectively blocked both protein synthesis and enzyme induction by lactose. Further, hybridization analysis with the cloned beta-galactosidase gene indicated coordinate increases in the concentration of beta-galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid and enzyme activity. The half-life of beta-galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid was the same (4.8 +/- 0.4 min) when measured both before and at succeeding times during enzyme induction. These results strongly support the hypothesis that expression of the yeast beta-galactosidase gene is subject to transcriptional regulation.
Optimal Portfolio in Corporate Pension Plans: Risk Shifting and Risk Management

We derive the optimal corporate pension portfolio policy in a consolidated setting in the presence of PBGC insurance. The paper's result formalizes the forces of risk shifting and risk management that shape the form of the corporate pension portfolio. As in Rauh (2009), the risk-shifting and risk-management incentives increase when a sponsoring company runs into financial trouble. Unlike Rauh (2009), we show that risk management must not constitute a force countering risk shifting. On the contrary, for a company registering serious financial problems, the strategies driven by risk-shifting and risk-management motives are both extreme.