Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Need to Distinguish Between Quantity and Quality in Research on Parental Involvement: The Example of Parental Help With Homework

ABSTRACT Parental involvement research has greatly expanded over the past decade, but findings are mixed, reflecting in part the conceptual and methodological limitations of many studies. On the basis of longitudinal questionnaire data from 1,685 sixth-grade students, the authors studied parental help with homework because it is the most common and most controversial type of parental involvement. Distinguishing between the quantity and quality of parental homework involvement, the research shows that completely different conclusions about the effectiveness of parental homework involvement will be reached if its quantity is assessed instead of its quality: How often parents helped with homework was negatively associated with the development of achievement, whereas homework help that was perceived as supportive had positive predictive effects, and homework help perceived as intrusive had negative effects. Moreover, the results show that effect sizes would be overestimated if students' prior achievement and family background were not controlled.
Risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding after vascular surgery operations

Background. Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) after a vascular surgery operation is a severe complication which encourages further investigation and enquiry into the possibility of finding reversible risk factors. Material and methods. Elective treatment was carried out on 741 patients. There were no statistical differences in the occurrence of the complication of gastrointestinal bleeding between the endovascular (173) and surgical procedures (568). The type of analysis was prospective and not randomized. Results. We noticed 14 cases (1.89%) of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). We distinguished three independent risk factors that contributed towards the likelihood of GIB. These factors were kidney impairment (p Conclusions. Past medical history of gastric ulcer disease, impairment of kidney function, and inflammation are related to an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding after surgical reconstruction of peripheral arteries. Acta Angiol 2010; 16, 2: 67-77
An investigation of the emotions elicited by hospital clowns in comparison to circus clowns and nursing staff

The present research aims at identifying emotional states induced in observers of hospital clown interventions utilizing a list of clown-specific ratings, the 29 Clown Emotion List (CLEM-29, Auerbach et al. 2012a). Study 1 investigated whether hospital clowns elicit emotional states other than those already covered by scales representing existing models of emotional states. One hundred and nineteen adults watched videos of hospital clowns and circus clowns and, after each video, completed a general mood scale, a humour-related mood scale, and the CLEM-29, and indicated the global intensity of positive and negative feelings towards each video. Results showed that emotional states elicited by hospital clowns go beyond states represented in general mood scales. Some elements of the CLEM-29 relating to humour and amusement overlapped with existing models of mood, but many other emotional qualities like “feeling connected to the clown” or feeling “appreciated” were not well represented. Some of the clown-specific ratings best predicted the positive experiences towards the videos. In Study 2, 183 adults watched 15 videos of hospital clown interventions, circus clown performances and nurse-patient interactions, and filled in the CLEM-29. Four factors emerged from a factor analysis of the ratings: amusement, transcendence, arousal, and uneasiness . Both circus and hospital clowns elicited amusement, but only the hospital clowns additionally elicited feelings of transcendence (i.e., feeling privileged and appreciated). Nurses also elicited transcendent experiences without being amusing. This research shows that prior studies underestimated emotional states elicited by hospital clowns, which go beyond a typical humour response.
Comparative aggressiveness of Mycosphaerella pinodes on peas from different regions in western Algeria.

Mycosphaerella blight caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. et Blox.) Vestergr. is now recognized as one of the major problems limiting yield of pea crops in Algeria. The present work was carried out to study the aggressiveness of 75 M. pinodes isolates collected from different pea-growing areas forming four population groups representing four geographic areas in western Algeria. The latent period, incubation period and disease severity were measured in the greenhouse for each isolate × cultivar combination. All three aggressiveness components differed significantly between isolates and between cultivars. No significant interaction however was noted between isolates and cultivars. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to analyze the variation pattern within and between population groups. Cluster analysis, which summarizes the relationship between isolates according to their distance of similarity, sorted isolates into six distinct aggressiveness groups. Aggressiveness group 1 was the most represented, with 34% of all isolates. Both PCA and cluster analysis revealed that many isolates were closely related irrespective of the geographic area or the host cultivar from which they were collected. At the same time, and based on the same aggressiveness components, the cv. Onward, Lucy and DP were the most susceptible, whereas the cv. Rondo and MK were partially resistant.
Review on S-Shape Characteristics of Pump Turbine for Hydropower Generation

This paper presents and discussed the results of an experimental investigation of S-shape characteristics of pump turbine. An experimental study of pump turbine has been carried out by many researchers to study its characteristics. By using the experimental results of tested pump of some previous researchers, The Numerical analysis and Experimental studies on the S-shaped characteristics of a pump turbine model, Impact of Parameters on S-shaped characteristics, mechanism of the internal flow of pump turbines as well as measurements of pressure fluctuations on reduced-scale model pump-turbines have been discussed.
Establishment of Cladonia stellaris after artificial dispersal in an unfenced forest in northern Sweden

In 2002, fragments and whole thalli of reindeer lichen, mainly Cladonia stellaris , were spread in a typical Scots pine forest in northern boreal Sweden to study the survival and development after artificial lichen dispersal. The forest was not fenced, allowing reindeer access to graze. Lichens were dispersed in intact vegetation in 1 m2 plots by one of two methods: either as an intact lichen mat (patch) of 0.25 m2 in the centre of the plot or as fragments scattered (scatter) across the whole plot. The lichen was then monitored by photo inventory. In 2006, three years after the first inventory, all patch plots had been partially grazed by reindeer and the lichen cover measured in both patch and scatter plots had decreased severely. In 2008, the lichen cover in the patch and scatter plots had increased by up to 54% and 88%, respectively, of the cover measured during the first inventory in 2003. A significant increase in the number of fragments in the plots was also observed between 2006 and 2008, suggesting that in addition to growing like naturally established thalli, the lichen had spread and slowly colonized the plots. Dispersing lichen by the “patch” method appears to be less costefficient than the “scatter” method, if the area is grazed by reindeer. These results support the hypothesis that dispersal of reindeer lichen could be an effective means of restoring lichen stands, which are important for reindeer husbandry, even if the area is open to reindeer grazing. Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: Etablering av Cladonia stellaris efter artificiell spridning i ej inhagnad skog i norra Sverige Renlav (framst Cladonia stellaris ) spreds manuellt 2002 i en talldominerad skog i norra Sverige for att studera lavens etablering efter artificiell spridning. Forsoksomradet var inte hagnat utan oppet for renbete. Laven spreds i intakt markvegetation pa 1 m2-ytor, antingen i form av intakta lavbalar (0,25 m2) i ytans centrum eller som fragment over hela provytan. Lavens etablering foljdes med hjalp av fotoinventering. Ar 2006, tre ar efter forsta inventeringen, hade alla provytor betats av ren och lavens tackningsgrad hade reducerats betydligt. Vid inventeringen 2008 hade lavens tackningsgrad okat med upp till 54% (intakt lav) resp. 88% (lavfragment), i jamforelse med tackningsgraden den forsta inventeringen. Mellan 2006 och 2008 okade antalet fragment per provyta signifikant vilket indikerar en fortsatt naturlig etablering med spridning via fragment. Att sprida lav i form av intakta lavbalar forefaller mindre kostnadseffektivt an spridning av lav i fragmentform om spridningsomradet ar oppet for renbete. Resultaten utgor ett stod for hypotesen att artificiell spridning av renlav kan vara ett effektivt satt att restaurera viktiga renbetesomraden, aven om omradet inte ar skyddat for renbete.
Water as a habitat cue for breeding Swamp and Song sparrows

Habitat use by Song (Melospiza melodia) and Swamp (M georgiana) sparrows was studied along 1.2 km of contact between the species in northwestern Pennsylvania. The two species had only narrowly overlapping territories (4 to 5%). Several lines of evidence suggest that the opposite response of territorial sparrows to the presence of surface water accounts for this spatial segregation. The presence or absence of water was a nearly perfect predictor of which species was defending a particular area (95% correct), whereas a stepwise discriminant function based on 10 vegetative variables categorized the territories by species with only 74% accuracy. An area drained of water by the destruction of a beaver dam changed from containing five Swamp Sparrow territories to supporting five partial Song Sparrow territories; local densities of the two species were otherwise similar. During record rainfall and flooding in June of the second year of the study, male Swamp Sparrows were opportunistically defending newly developed flooded areas. Aggression between the species was not common and males did not respond to playbacks of heterospecific songs. These observations suggest that major changes in habitat distribution can occur through a change in response to a single habitat cue. The later arriving Swamp Sparrows are smaller and socially subordinate to Song Sparrows. Song Sparrows settle on dry territories leaving the wetlands to the Swamp Sparrows.
The early Vallesian vertebrates of Atzelsdorf (Late Miocene, Austria) 9. Hippotherium (Mammalia, Equidae)

The Hippotherium sample from the Vienna Basin, Austria, represents one of the geologically oldest collec­ tions of this equid genus in the Old World. This report presents new information from the locality of At­ zelsdorf, in conjunction with material previously known from Mariathal and Gaiselberg, also of Pannonian C (late Miocene) age. Whereas the number of specimens is small at some sites, collectively they show a dental morphology that is simpler and more plesiomorphic than that of Hippotherium primigenium from Eppelsheim or Howenegg, Germany, and also resembles material assigned to Cormohipparion sp. from North America. The new Atzelsdorf specimens improve our understanding of the morphology of the taxon that represents the earliest entry of Hippotherium into the Old World, here allocated to Hippotherium sp.
FDI and the Skill Premium: Evidence from Emerging Economies

Foreign direct investment may play an important role in transferring technologies from high-income to emerging economies, which can lead to uneven effects on the wages of skilled and unskilled workers. This paper combines project-level data on greenfield foreign direct investment with household surveys to estimate the effects of foreign direct investment on the wage skill premium across sectors and regions in seven emerging economies (Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, Mexico, the Philippines, South Africa, and Vietnam). The results suggest that foreign direct investment is associated with a higher probability of employment and higher wages for unskilled workers, relative to skilled workers, in six of the seven countries analyzed in this paper. Moreover, the effects of foreign direct investment on wages are relatively larger for unskilled women.
FDI and the Subprime Crisis: An Analysis for Asian and Latin American Countries

In recent decades, the inflows and stocks of foreign direct investment (FDI) have been heading increasingly towards developing countries intensifying the dynamics of international business. However, in 2008 the international financial crisis hit the world economy, decreasing FDI levels on a global scale. In this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the international financial crisis on FDI in Asian and Latin American countries, and to accomplish that, an analytical model was estimated by using dynamic panel procedures. Among the results, it was observed that the 2008 crisis had a negative impact on the multinational companies affecting the FDI stocks in the countries under consideration. However, the impact on the two regions differed, as the reduction in FDI stocks in Asia was greater than that in Latin American countries. In addition, the extension of the crisis, after 2008, was favorable to the growth of FDI in both regions.
The Incidence of Long-term Unemployment in Australia 1978-2003

This paper explores the following question - Has there been any long-run increase (or decrease) in the ‘incidence’ of long-term unemployment once we have corrected for cyclical factors? Our research leads us to conclude that: (i) the incidence of male long-term unemployment has been neither rising nor falling, once we allow for cyclical factors, (ii) the incidence of female long-term unemployment has been rising, once we allow for cyclical factors. We conjecture that there is a link between increasing female participation (which we take to be a proxy for increasing ‘attachment to the labour market’ – and thus attachment to unemployment as well as employment) and the increasing incidence of female long-term unemployment. Experimenting with policy dummies, we find no evidence that policy has permanent effects on the incidence of long-term unemployment for either males or females but we do find some evidence that policy has temporary effects for females.
JJC Volatile Constituents of Leaves and Bulbs of Gynandriris Sisyrinchium and their Antimicrobial Activities

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves and bulbs of Gynandriris Sisyrinchium L. growing in the northern region of Jordan (Irbid) were investigated by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents of the leaves oil were 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (20.24%), ledene oxide (II) (12.62%), furfural (9.80%) and trans-sabinol (3.58%). The bulb oil was found to contain phenylacetaldehyde (21.85%), 8,9-dehydroneoisolongifolene (12.10%), 8S,14-cedranediol (8.36%) and furfural (3.66%) as the major constituents. The antibacterial activity of essential oils mixture of the bulbs and leaves were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against ten bacterial isolates using agar disc and agar well diffusion methods. The Grampositive bacterial isolates including Bacillus cereus, ATCC11778 and Bacillus subtilis, ATCC6633 were the most susceptible to the tested oil mixtures. In contrast, the tested essential oils showed either no inhibitory effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae, ATCC 10031 and Serratia marcescens, ATCC 27117 or moderate effects against the remaining tested Gram-negative
Exploring aerosol–cloud interaction using VOCALS-REx aircraft measurements

Abstract. In situ aircraft measurements obtained during the VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoons) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) field campaign are analyzed to study the aerosol–cloud interactions in the stratocumulus clouds over the southeastern Pacific Ocean (SEP), with a focus on three understudied topics (separation of aerosol effects from dynamic effects, dispersion effects, and turbulent entrainment-mixing processes). Our analysis suggests that an increase in aerosol concentration tends to simultaneously increase both cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) and relative dispersion (ε), while an increase in vertical velocity (w) often increases Nd but decreases ε. After constraining the differences of cloud dynamics, the positive correlation between ε and Nd becomes stronger, implying that perturbations of w could weaken the aerosol influence on ε and hence result in an underestimation of dispersion effect. A comparative analysis of the difference of cloud microphysical properties between the entrainment and non-entrainment zones suggests that the entrainment-mixing mechanism is predominantly extremely inhomogeneous in the stratocumulus that capped by a sharp inversion, whereby the variation in liquid water content (25 %) is similar to that of Nd (29 %) and the droplet size remains approximately constant. In entrainment zone, drier air entrained from the top induces fewer cloud droplets with respect to total in-cloud particles (0.56±0.22) than the case in the non-entrainment zone (0.73±0.13) by promoting cloud droplet evaporation. This study is helpful in reducing uncertainties in dispersion effects and entrainment mixing for stratocumulus, and the results of this study may benefit cloud parameterizations in global climate models to more accurately assess aerosol indirect effects.
Financial Development and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

This study investigates the long-term and short-term relationships between capital market development and economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for the period from January 1993 to December 2009. It employs a wide range of vector autoregression (VAR) models to evaluate the importance and impact of capital market development on economic growth. We used real GDP growth rates and None Oil GDP as proxies for economic growth and the stock market index (SMI), the bank credits to the private sector (BCP) and the broad money supply (M2) as proxies for the capital market development. The VAR models indicate a positive and significant long-term causal relationship between capital market development and economic growth. Granger causality tests show that economic growth Granger-cause capital market development and vice versa when using the real GDP growth rate variables. The study implications are as follows. Firstly, investment in real economic activities leads to economic growth. Secondly, the stock market might hinder economic growth due to its volatile and international risk sharing nature, low free-floating share ratio, number of listed companies and the domination of Saudi Individual Stock Trades (SIST) characteristics. Thirdly, policymakers should seek to minimise stock market volatility and fluctuations, increase both the free-floating share ratio and number of listed companies and shift investment domination toward corporate investors by considering its effect on economic growth when formulating economic policies. Fourthly, the banking sector might hinder economic growth due to its lack of small and medium enterprises lending and shareholder concentration issues. Finally, policymakers should seek to encourage banks toward more involvement in small and medium enterprises SMEs’ lending, which will strengthen the private sector role.
The Influence of Climate Organization and Job Satisfaction for Turnover Intention through Work Stress of Employees Pt. American President Line Logistics (Distribution Center Cakung)

One of the problems in PT APL Logistics DC Cakung is increasing Turnover, so companies often lose their best talent. Data shows that there is a considerable increase of incoming and outgoing employees during 2013. In 2013 the percentage gained by 14, 46%, 2014 by 20.99% and by 2015 by 31.21%. The high number of employee turnover intentions indicates a lack of company attention towards employees that can ultimately lead to a real intention to move for employees (Turnover Intention). According to Martin & Michael J. Kaufman (2013) states that intent to quit is an early signal will an employee action to get out of the company.
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER VAPOR IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS

We report the results of a large-area study of water vapor along the Orion Molecular Cloud ridge, the purpose of which was to determine the depth-dependent distribution of gas-phase water in dense molecular clouds. We find that the water vapor measured toward 77 spatial positions along the face-on Orion ridge, excluding positions surrounding the outflow associated with BN/KL and IRc2, display integrated intensities that correlate strongly with known cloud surface tracers such as CN, C2H, 13CO J = 5–4, and HCN, and less well with the volume tracer N2H+. Moreover, at total column densities corresponding to AV< 15 mag, the ratio of H2O to C18O integrated intensities shows a clear rise approaching the cloud surface. We show that this behavior cannot be accounted for by either optical depth or excitation effects, but suggests that gas-phase water abundances fall at large AV. These results are important as they affect measures of the true water-vapor abundance in molecular clouds by highlighting the limitations of comparing measured water-vapor column densities with such traditional cloud tracers as 13CO or C18O. These results also support cloud models that incorporate freeze out of molecules as a critical component in determining the depth-dependent abundance of water vapor.
Importance of orbital fluctuations for the magnetic dynamics in the heavy-fermion compound 
SmB6

The emergent dynamical processes associated with magnetic excitations in heavy-fermion SmB$_6$ are investigated. By imposing multiorbital interactions on a first-principles model, we find the interplay between spin and orbital fluctuations in the $f$ manifold is highly sensitive to local correlations. The magnetic phase diagram constructed at zero temperature reveals quantum critical features with the existence of several competing phases. Within the random phase approximation, we perform a comprehensive study of the spin-spin correlation function, and our results agree with neutron scattering experiments. Spectral weight analysis shows the low energy spin excitations are selectively accompanied by orbital fluctuations, indicating a non-trivial entanglement between the spin and orbital degree of freedom driven by relativistic couplings.
Nutritional consequencies on the outcome of parasitic challenges on small ruminants

Host nutrition can affect the resident and incoming populations of pathogens and consequently ameliorate the detrimental consequences of an infectious challenge in small ruminants in four different ways: (i) affect the fitness of the parasite, through the ingestion of plant compounds, such as plant secondary metabolites; (ii) alter the conditions in the gut environment from beneficial to detrimental and even toxic for parasite survival; (iii) positively affect host resistance, i.e. the ability of the host to regulate gastrointestinal nematode establishment, development, fecundity and survival; and (iv) enhance host resilience to the parasitic infection. In this paper we address the effects of nutrition either directly on parasite fitness or through its influence on the environment of the parasite. We believe the nutritional consequences on parasitised hosts have not received appropriate attention so we focus on them in this paper. We first discuss how the excess or lack of nutrients can alter the physicochemical properties of the digestive tract making this environment more hostile for parasites transmitted through the oral route. We then concentrate on specific plants rich in secondary metabolites (PSM) and review evidence on the consequences of their consumption on resident or incoming nematode population. We conclude by discussing specific prerequisites for effectively using nutrition for parasite