Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia at admission in patients with severe head injury

Objective Low serum levels of electrolytes such as magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and phosphate (P) can lead to a number of clinical problems in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, including hypertension, coronary vasoconstriction, disturbances in heart rhythm, and muscle weakness. Loss of these electrolytes can be caused, among other things, by increased urinary excretion. Cerebral injury can lead to polyuresis through a variety of mechanisms. We hypothesized that patients with cranial trauma might be at risk for electrolyte loss through increased diuresis. The objective of this study was to assess levels of Mg, P, and K at admission in patients with severe head injury. Design We measured plasma levels of Mg, P, K, Ca, and sodium at admission in 18 consecutive patients with severe head injury admitted to our ICU (group 1). As controls, we used 19 trauma patients with two or more bone fractures but no significant cranial trauma (group 2). Setting University teaching hospital. Patients Eighteen patients with severe head injury admitted to our surgical ICU (group 1) and 19 controls (trauma patients with no significant cranial trauma; group 2). Main Results Electrolyte levels at admission (group 1 vs. group 2; mean ± sd, units: mmol/L) were as follows. Mg, 0.57 ± 0.17 (range, 0.24–0.85) vs. 0.88 ± 0.21 (range, 0.66–1.42 mmol/L;p < .01). P, 0.56 ± 0.15 (range, 0.20–0.92) vs. 1.11 ± 0.15 (range, 0.88–1.44 mmol/L;p < .01). K, 3.54 ± 0.59 (range, 2.4–4.8) vs. 4.07 ± 0.45 (range, 3.6–4.8 mmol/L;p < .02). Ca, 2.02 ± 0.24 (range, 1.45–2.51) vs. 2.14 ± 0.20 (range, 1.88–2.46;p = NS). In group 1, 12/18 patients had Mg levels <0.70 mmol/L vs. 2/19 patients in group 2 (p < .01); in group 1, 11/18 patients had P levels below 0.60 mmol vs. 0/19 patients in group 2 (p < .01). Moderate hypokalemia (K levels, <3.6 mmol/L) was present in 8/18 patients in group 1 vs. 1/19 patients in group 2 (p < .01). Severe hypokalemia (K levels, ≤3.0) was present in 4/18 patients in group 1 vs. 0/19 patients in group 2 (p < .05). Conclusion We conclude that patients with severe head injury are at high risk for the development of hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypokalemia. One of the causes of low electrolyte levels in these patients may be an increase in the urinary loss of various electrolytes caused by neurologic trauma. Mannitol administration may be a contributing factor. Intensivists should be aware of this potential problem. If necessary, adequate supplementation of Mg, P, K, and Ca should be initiated promptly.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5-Dependent Immune Responses in the Draining Lymph Node Protect against West Nile Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Upon activation of Toll-like and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways, the transcription factor IRF5 translocates to the nucleus and induces antiviral immune programs. The recent discovery of a homozygous mutation in the immunoregulatory gene guanine exchange factor dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (Dock2 mu/mu ) in several Irf5 −/− mouse colonies has complicated interpretation of immune functions previously ascribed to IRF5. To define the antiviral functions of IRF5 in vivo, we infected backcrossed Irf5 −/− × Dock2 wt/wt mice (here called Irf5 −/− mice) and independently generated CMV-Cre Irf5 fl/fl mice with West Nile virus (WNV), a pathogenic neurotropic flavivirus. Compared to congenic wild-type animals, Irf5 −/− and CMV-Cre Irf5 fl/fl mice were more vulnerable to WNV infection, and this phenotype was associated with increased infection in peripheral organs, which resulted in higher virus titers in the central nervous system. The loss of IRF5, however, was associated with only small differences in the type I interferon response systemically and in the draining lymph node during WNV infection. Instead, lower levels of several other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as fewer and less activated immune cells, were detected in the draining lymph node 2 days after WNV infection. WNV-specific antibody responses in Irf5 −/− mice also were blunted in the context of live or inactivated virus infection and this was associated with fewer antigen-specific memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells. Our results with Irf5 −/− mice establish a key role for IRF5 in shaping the early innate immune response in the draining lymph node, which impacts the spread of virus infection, optimal B cell immunity, and disease pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Although the roles of IRF3 and IRF7 in orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity after viral infection are established, the function of the related transcription factor IRF5 remains less certain. Prior studies in Irf5 −/− mice reported conflicting results as to the contribution of IRF5 in regulating type I interferon and adaptive immune responses. The lack of clarity may stem from a recently discovered homozygous loss-of-function mutation of the immunoregulatory gene Dock2 in several colonies of Irf5 −/− mice. Here, using a mouse model with a deficiency in IRF5 and wild-type Dock2 alleles, we investigated how IRF5 modulates West Nile virus (WNV) pathogenesis and host immune responses. Our in vivo studies indicate that IRF5 has a key role in shaping the early proinflammatory cytokine response in the draining lymph node, which impacts immunity and control of WNV infection.
Temporary sharing prompts unrestrained disclosures that leave lasting negative impressions

Significance Relative to traditional, offline forms of communication, there is an enhanced permanence to digital sharing. Digital disclosures can come back to haunt, making it challenging for people to manage the impressions they make upon others. Nine studies show that, paradoxically, these challenges can be exacerbated by temporary-sharing technologies. Temporary sharing reduces privacy concerns, in turn increasing disclosure of potentially compromising information (in the form of uninhibited selfies). Recipients attribute these indiscretions to sharers’ bad judgment, failing to appreciate the situational influence—the temporariness of the sharing platform—on sharers’ disclosures. Sharers do not anticipate this consequence, mistakenly believing that recipients will attribute their disclosure decisions to the (temporary) platform on which they chose to send the photographs. With the advent of social media, the impressions people make on others are based increasingly on their digital disclosures. However, digital disclosures can come back to haunt, making it challenging for people to manage the impressions they make. In field and online experiments in which participants take, share, and evaluate self-photographs (“selfies”), we show that, paradoxically, these challenges can be exacerbated by temporary-sharing media—technologies that prevent content from being stored permanently. Relative to permanent sharing, temporary sharing affects both whether and what people reveal. Specifically, temporary sharing increases compliance with the request to take a selfie (study 1) and induces greater disclosure risks (i.e., people exhibit greater disinhibition in their selfies, studies 1 and 2). This increased disclosure is driven by reduced privacy concerns (study 2). However, observers’ impressions of sharers are insensitive to permanence (i.e., whether the selfie was shared temporarily versus permanently) and are instead driven by the disinhibition exhibited in the selfie (studies 4–7). As a result, induced by the promise of temporary sharing, sharers of uninhibited selfies come across as having worse judgment than those who share relatively discreet selfies (studies 1, 2, and 4–7)—an attributional pattern that is unanticipated by sharers (study 3), that persists days after the selfie has disappeared (study 5), is robust to personal experience with temporary sharing (studies 6A and 6B), and holds even among friends (studies 7A and 7B). Temporary sharing may bring back forgetting, but not without introducing new (self-presentational) challenges.
Analysis of Vertical Strip Wound Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

This paper investigates the behavior of a vector-controlled fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor drive system adopting a vertically placed strip winding (VSW) which can limit interturn short-circuit (SC) fault current to its rated value regardless of the position in the slot containing the shorted turns. The drives' dynamic behavior is simulated using a per-phase equivalent circuit model, with the winding inductances and resistances analytically calculated based on the machine geometry and fault location. A simplified thermal model is also grafted into the system model to effectively simulate the dynamic behavior of the machine during healthy interturn SC fault and postfault controlled scenarios. The SC-fault-current-limiting capability, the additional losses, and the thermal behavior of the winding are studied and compared with conventional winding adopting round conductor winding. The proposed winding design is verified with finite-element analysis and is then validated experimentally. Results show that the VSW inherently limits the SC current, reduces its dependence on the position of the fault within the slot, but results in an increase in ac losses.
Why Does Return Predictability Concentrate in Bad Times?

We build an equilibrium model to explain why stock return predictability concentrates in bad times. The key feature is that investors use different forecasting models, and hence assess uncertainty differently. As economic conditions deteriorate, uncertainty rises and investors’ opinions polarize. Disagreement thus spikes in bad times, causing returns to react to past news. This phenomenon creates a positive relation between disagreement and future returns. It also generates time-series momentum, which strengthens in bad times, increases with disagreement, and crashes after sharp market rebounds. We provide empirical support for these new predictions.
Gender and party cohesion in the Italian parliament: a spatial analysis

Studies on female legislative behavior suggest that women parliamentarians may challenge party cohesion by allying across party lines. In this paper we analyze a specific parliamentary activity – bill co-sponsorship – in the Italian lower Chamber, between 1979 and 2016, as a source of information about MPs’ original preferences to study how gender affects party cohesion. Do women form a separated group in the Italian parliament? On average, are they more or less distant from the center of their parties than men? Does gender affect systematically party cohesion? A principal component analysis of co-sponsorship data allows us to identify the ideal points of all MPs in a multidimensional space for each legislature. Based on these data we estimate the impact of gender on party cohesion at the individual level while controlling for the impact of several other variables of different kind (individual, partisan, and institutional). We find that: (1) on average, women show lower cohesion as a group inside different parties and higher party cohesion than men; (2) the influence of gender on party cohesion is not conditional upon individual characteristics, upon the size and organization of parliamentary parties, and upon the share of women in their parliamentary groups; (3) the different behavior of women MPs may depend on the different patterns of recruitment in the parties.
[Lifetime prevalence and correlates of schizophrenia and disorders with psychotic symptoms in the general population of Izmir, Turkey].

OBJECTIVE To estimate the lifetime prevalence of 12 DSM-IV disorders with psychotic symptoms in a general population survey. METHOD Addresses were contacted in a multistage clustered area probability sampling frame of administrative neighbourhoods and households, covering 9 districts and 302 neighbourhoods in the Izmir metropolitan area between November 2007 and October 2008. One household member aged between 15 and 64 years and available to complete the interview was randomly selected using a within-household sampling method. The primary screening instrument was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1. A systematic screening procedure was implemented to detect probable cases with any psychotic disorder. Those selected by the screens were re-interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Diagnoses of individuals who were not available for re-interview were made by combining screening information with case register diagnoses and/or the telephone interviews with relatives or spouse. RESULTS A total of 4011 individuals were screened for disorders with psychotic symptoms. After screening, 499 respondents were selected as a probable case. 277 of screen positive respondents were available for clinical reappraisal. Initial screening interviews and additional material were used for best estimate diagnoses of the remaining 172 respondents. Total lifetime prevalence of 12 DSM-IV disorders with psychotic symptoms was 2.62%. Lifetime prevalence of each disorder separately were as follows: 0.74% for schizophrenia, 0.20% for schizoaffective disorder, 0.05% for schizophreniform disorder, 0.10% for delusional disorder, 0.12% for brief psychotic disorder, 0.55% for major depressive disorder with psychotic features, 0.37% for bipolar I disorder, 0.20% for substance induced psychotic disorder, and 0.07% for psychotic disorders due to a general medical condition. CONCLUSION Total lifetime prevalence of disorders with psychotic symptoms is higher than any previously reported estimates in Turkey; with a prevalence of approximately 2.5%, these disorders can be considered a major public health concern.
Differences between Indigenous Samis and Norwegians in Mental Disorders and Background Factors: Patients Listed as Under Treatment at the DPS–Lakselv (County District Psychiatric Centre), Finnmark, Spring 2000

Background: Earlier comparisons of adult Samis and Norwegians living within the same area are–thus far–unknown concerning mental well being/health and possible background factors. Aim: To compare patients from the two communities in search of differences which may be useful in planning health services. Method: Retrospective and anonymised data collected from journals. Comprises 48 ‘Samis’ and 70 ‘Norwegians’ in 108 ‘demographic cells’ according to ethnicity, sex, municipality, education and age. Results: ‘Samis’ rated higher in schizophrenia/psychosis (0.05 < p < 0.1) and crises (0.1 < p < 0.25), ‘Norwegians’ rated higher in anxiety disorders (0.001 < p < 0.005), low self-esteem (0.005 < p < 0.01), illegal drugs (0.01 < p < 0.025) and in identity/existential problems (0.1 < p< 0.25). ‘Samis’ appeared to have suffered more at provincial boarding schools (0.005 < p < 0.01), while ‘Norwegians’ presented more mental illnesses in their families (0.025 < p < 0.05), more family break-ups (0.05 < p < 0.1) and earlier alcohol/drug abuse (0.05 < p< 0.1). Conclusion: Significant differences were found. ‘In the black box’ results will raise interesting questions for further research, but will also be useful for planning health services.
Rapid Maxillary Distraction Protocol Utilizing the Halo Distraction System and Rigid Internal Fixation

Objective: To shorten head frame wear time associated with external halo distraction (HD), we have adapted a protocol for maxillary distraction with the halo system that integrates plate fixation. Participants: All patients had a history of cleft lip and/or palate and maxillary retrusion ≥8 mm. Five patients treated with this protocol and followed for at least 1 year were included in this study. Interventions: The protocol included a 3-day latency period, variable maxillary distraction, and removal of the halo device with simultaneous rigid internal fixation. Two patients had a variable period of maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), which maintained the maxillary advancement and idealized intercuspal position while permitting further callus maturation. Cephalographs were obtained preoperatively, immediately following distractor removal, and 1 year after rigid internal fixation. Results: The mean age at time of surgery was 18.7 years. The maxillary deficiency ranged from 8 to 15 mm (mean = 10.6 mm). All five patients demonstrated excellent occlusion. Cephalometric analysis 1-year post rigid internal fixation revealed minimal (<1 mm) skeletal relapse. Conclusions: Rapid maxillary distraction followed by MMF to maintain maxillary advancement may reduce halo device wear to 1 to 2 weeks. MMF optimizes occlusion by forcing the maxillary teeth into maximal intercuspal position. Rigid fixation is not only associated with less long-term relapse compared to nonrigid forms of fixation, but also minimizes the incidence of nonunion. This treatment protocol provides the advancement possible with distraction osteogenesis and the accuracy of orthognathic surgery, thereby minimizing external head frame wear.
Dermatomes and the central organization of dermatomes and body surface regions in the spinal cord dorsal horn in rats

Dermatomes and the associated central projection fields were studied with the application of fluorescent neurotracer, 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), to 21 reference points on rat trunk and hindlimb skin. Segmental distribution and rostrocaudal central level of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating reference points were examined and DiI‐induced fluorescent areas were mapped in the horizontal plane through lamina II of the dorsal horn. Segmental levels of DRG neurons innervating reference points were generally identical to the level determined using dye‐extravasation methods. However, innervation of the first digit was situated in the L4 dermatome, not the L3 reported previously using those methods. Generally, afferents from a reference point projected to a single field in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Reference points on ventral and dorsal median lines of the trunk were represented bilaterally. Afferents from reference points located on the ventral median line of the hindlimb projected to two separate fields: one on the medial margin of spinal cord segments L2–L5 and the other on the medial half of spinal cord segment L5. From the distribution of central projection fields of reference points, central projection fields of dermatomes were revealed as even in shape and located within corresponding spinal cord segments. The arrangement of peripheral and central fields of dermatomes and body surface regions suggests that peripheral and central projection fields of cutaneous afferent fibers are reshaped from the common prototypical pattern that exhibits an orderly and evenly sequenced arrangement. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:29–41, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisiting The Decline In India’s Female Labour Force Participation: The Rise Of Machines And Security Risks

This article posits that the mechanisation of agriculture and security risks have significant negative effects on India’s female labour force participation rate. Despite remarkable economic progress in India, aggregate female labour force participation rate still show a declining trend since the late 1970s and traditional explanations such as decreasing fertility rates, rising wages and education levels could not completely explain this trend in female labour force participation. Using time-series data from 1980, we find evidence that the share of agriculture to the GDP, the mechanisation of agriculture, and security risks are the key determinants of female labour force participation.
Prediction of fertility by mating latency and photoperiod in nulliparous and primiparous meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).

Mating behavior and litter production of female meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) housed in long (14 h light: 10 h dark; long day; LD) or short (10 h light: 14 h dark; short day; SD) photoperiods were monitored to determine whether the reduced birthrate of SD females resulted from a lack of copulation. All females mated, but fewer SD females gave birth. LD and SD females fell into three distinct groups based on mating latency. The rapid onset group (RO) mated between 7 min and 9 h after pairing, the intermediate onset group (IO) mated between 16-44 h and the late onset group (LO) mated after 58-262 h of male contact. Sixty-seven per cent of LD females were assigned to group RO, 27% to IO, and 6% to LO. In contrast, 30% of SD females were assigned to group RO, 35% to IO and 35% to LO. Fertility was predicted by mating latency. Sixty-nine per cent of RO, 93% of IO and 33% of LO animals gave birth. In a further experiment, a small-mouthed cup was added to the environment to serve as an escape for females wishing to avoid mating. Although females did not use the cup to escape male approaches, mating occurred in only 66% of SD females, but was observed in all LD females. In a final experiment, mating latency and litter production were recorded in primiparous LD and SD females initially observed in the first experiment. Group LO was eliminated in parous females; all primiparous LD and SD females mated within 48 h. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The intersection of motherhood and academia as conceptualized by female doctoral students

xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Women in Higher Education . 1 Women in the Professoriate . 3 Significance of this Study . 4 Purpose of this Study. 5 Research Questions . 7 Research Design . 7 Theoretical Framework . 7 Strategies of Inquiry . 8 Specific Methods . 9 Relevant Terminology . 9 Structure of the Dissertation . 10 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 12 Overview of Academic Tenure . 12 Academic Tenure as a Legal Entity . 13 Structure of the Academic Tenure Process . 14 Research . 14 Teaching . 15 Service . 15 The Professoriate . 16 A Profile of Female Academics for Incoming Female Professors . 17
Soluble mesothelin related peptides (SMRP) and osteopontin as protein biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma: analytical validation of ELISA based assays and characterization at mRNA and protein levels

Abstract Background: There is a need to identify reliable markers for malignant mesothelioma. Soluble mesothelin related peptides (SMRP) and osteopontin (OPN) have gained interest in recent years for this purpose. Methods: SMRP (Fujirebio Diagnostics Inc.) and OPN (R&D Inc.) ELISA methods were evaluated for multiple parameters. Concentrations were measured in blood from patients with mesothelioma, normal healthy volunteers, and patients with other (non-mesothelioma) cancers. In silico analysis was performed using the GeoProfiles database. At the protein level, SMRP and OPN were measured in cell culture supernatants, and values were compared in patients pre- and post-extrapleural pneumonectomy. Results: The SMRP assay demonstrates intra-assay CVs of 2.3% and 3% (at 4.6 nM and 13.7 nM, respectively), and inter-assay CVs of 3.5% and 3.7% at the same concentrations. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.182 nM. The OPN assay demonstrates intra-assay CVs of 5.8%, 4.1%, and 5.2% (at 1.9, 5.1, and 11.1 ng/mL, respectively), and inter-assay CVs of 8.5%, 8.4%, and 12.1% at the same concentrations. The LOD is 0.032 ng/mL. Both SMRP and OPN in mesothelioma patients were significantly higher than in patients with other (non-mesothelioma) cancer and in healthy volunteers. The two markers do not appear to correlate with each other and exhibit different tissue expression patterns. Protein concentrations of these markers are highest in different sets of cell lines. Finally, SMRP but not OPN concentrations were decreased in five of seven consecutive patients after extrapleural pneumonectomy, compared to their respective pre-operative values. Conclusions: These assays provide reliable and reproducible quantitation of SMRP and OPN proteins. Both are increased in mesothelioma patients compared to non-mesothelioma controls. However, the two analytes do not correlate with each other and show distinct expression profiles and protein expression. Concentrations of SMRP but not OPN are decreased in post-surgical samples. Our results further characterize these markers, establish assay performance characteristics, and lay the groundwork for further studies to measure these markers in blood. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:271–8.