Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding Practices of mothers of under five years old children in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: A descriptive cross sectional-community based survey -

Background: Improved breastfeeding practices can help in preventing diarrheal diseases and malnutrition. In Ethiopia, children are still suffering from diarrheal diseases and malnutrition. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed at assessing mothers’ breastfeeding practices in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted by involving of 415 mothers. The study was conducted from April 15 to May 15, 2011. Three kebeles (the smallest administrative level) from Bahir Dar city were selected randomly. The sample was determined by using single population proportion formula and proportionally distributed to the selected kebeles according to population size. To be eligible to participate in the study, mothers had to live in households that had children under five years of age. Sampling Method: Households were selected by systematic sampling method. Mothers were interviewed in their homes using a structured questionnaire that had been pre-tested. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence intervals; P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Data were collected from 415 mothers. Breast-feeding was practiced by 400(96.4%) of all respondents. Two hundred seventy eight (69.5%) mothers reported initiating breast-feeding within one hour of delivery. One hundred thirty four (33.5%) of mothers reported feeding colostrums to their infants. The main reasons for not giving colostrums included the belief that colostrum is unclean was reported by 30 (22.4%) mothers, colostrums makes the newborn sick by 58 (43.3%) mothers and that withholding colostrum initiates breast milk production by 46 (34.3%) mothers One hundred and nine (26.3%) of mothers reported giving pre lacteal feeds to their infants. About 325 (78.3%) of mothers reported that they had heard information about exclusive breastfeeding but only 172(41.4%) had appropriate knowledge. One hundred and thirty three (38.1%) mothers substituted breast milk before the child reaching six months of age. Mothers’ educational status, Antenatal care (ANC) follow up during pregnancy, availability of television in the household and place of delivery were significantly associated with feeding colostrum to the infant (P
Role of CSF Analysis for the First Episode of Febrile Seizure among Children between Six Months to Five Years of Age

Introduction: A febrile convulsion is defined as a seizure that occurs in association with fever in children from six months to five years of age, with no evidence of a central nervous system infection or other identifiable causes of seizure and no history of an afebrile seizure. Simple febrile seizures are brief ( 15 min), or have focal features or if they recur within 24 hours are defined as complex. In May 1996, the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) issued practice parameters regarding the neurodiagnostic evaluation of children with a first simple febrile seizure, who present within 12 hours after the seizure. It may be due to meningitis. This study was done to find out role of cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) analysis to rule out the meningitis in different age group of children presenting with first episode of fever with seizure. Design: A prospective study was carried out from June 2008 to July 2009 at the Western Regional hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 110 hospitalized children between the age group five months to 5 years were included in the study. Results: 16 (14.54%) children were diagnosed to have meningitis. In the age group of 6 – 12 months, 6 (21.4%) had meningitis while in 12-18 months, 6 out of 31 (19.3%) had meningitis and in more than 18 months age group only 4 out of 51 (7.84%) were detected with meningitis. Conclusion: In cases of apparent febrile seizure, meningitis should always be considered as a differential diagnosis. Lumbar puncture is must to rule out meningitis in all children between the ages of six months to eighteen months presenting with first episode of fever with seizure to rule out meningitis, even in the absence of meningeal signs. Key words: Febrile convulsion; CSF; lumber puncture; meningitis DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2. 2474 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 90-93
A multilabel text classification algorithm for labeling risk factors in SEC form 10-K

This study develops, implements, and evaluates a multilabel text classification algorithm called the multilabel categorical K-nearest neighbor (ML-CKNN). The proposed algorithm is designed to automatically identify 25 types of risk factors with specific meanings reported in Section 1A of SEC form 10-K. The idea of ML-CKNN is to compute a categorical similarity score for each label by the K-nearest neighbors in that category. ML-CKNN is tailored to achieve the goal of extracting risk factors from 10Ks. The proposed algorithm can perfectly classify 74.94% of risk factors and 98.75% of labels. Moreover, ML-CKNN is empirically shown to outperform ML-KNN and other multilabel algorithms. The extracted risk factors could be valuable to empirical studies in accounting or finance.
Large-scale matrix factorization with distributed stochastic gradient descent

We provide a novel algorithm to approximately factor large matrices with millions of rows, millions of columns, and billions of nonzero elements. Our approach rests on stochastic gradient descent (SGD), an iterative stochastic optimization algorithm. We first develop a novel "stratified" SGD variant (SSGD) that applies to general loss-minimization problems in which the loss function can be expressed as a weighted sum of "stratum losses. " We establish sufficient conditions for convergence of SSGD using results from stochastic approximation theory and regenerative process theory. We then specialize SSGD to obtain a new matrix-factorization algorithm, called DSGD, that can be fully distributed and run on web-scale datasets using, e.g., MapReduce. DSGD can handle a wide variety of matrix factorizations. We describe the practical techniques used to optimize performance in our DSGD implementation. Experiments suggest that DSGD converges significantly faster and has better scalability properties than alternative algorithms.
The dental knowledge and attitudes of medical practitioners and caregivers of pre-school children in Macau

The dental knowledge and attitudes of medical practitioners and caregivers of pre-school children in Macau were investigated. The caregivers of 353 children (2.8 ± 0.6 years) from seven nursery centers completed a questionnaire and their children's had their teeth examined. Thirty medical practitioners completed the same questionnaire prior to a dental health seminar. The dental knowledge and attitudes of the medical practitioners were found to be better than those of the caregivers. Topics, such as, "acid can cause caries"; "fluoridated water can prevent caries" and "primary teeth play a role in the development of the permanent teeth" were significantly associated with caries in the caregivers' children (p<0.05). It is hypothesised that the medical practitioners had not conveyed their dental knowledge to the caregivers early enough so as to prevent the occurrence of caries in their children.
Driving with knowledge from the physical world

This paper presents a Cloud-based system computing customized and practically fast driving routes for an end user using (historical and real-time) traffic conditions and driver behavior. In this system, GPS-equipped taxicabs are employed as mobile sensors constantly probing the traffic rhythm of a city and taxi drivers' intelligence in choosing driving directions in the physical world. Meanwhile, a Cloud aggregates and mines the information from these taxis and other sources from the Internet, like Web maps and weather forecast. The Cloud builds a model incorporating day of the week, time of day, weather conditions, and individual driving strategies (both of the taxi drivers and of the end user for whom the route is being computed). Using this model, our system predicts the traffic conditions of a future time (when the computed route is actually driven) and performs a self-adaptive driving direction service for a particular user. This service gradually learns a user's driving behavior from the user's GPS logs and customizes the fastest route for the user with the help of the Cloud. We evaluate our service using a real-world dataset generated by over 33,000 taxis over a period of 3 months in Beijing. As a result, our service accurately estimates the travel time of a route for a user; hence finding the fastest route customized for the user.
Factors associated with survival among adults with HIV-associated TB in Guangxi, China: a retrospective cohort study

Aim: Although China has the second highest burden of TB in the world and faces a burgeoning HIV epidemic, the epidemiology and 12-month clinical outcomes of HIV-infected TB patients have not previously been reported. Methods: We reviewed records of all HIV-infected adults diagnosed with culture-confirmed TB from four HIV clinics in Guangxi, China from August 2006 to December 2008. Factors associated with patients’ survival within 12 months after TB diagnosis were evaluated in Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Among the 201 patients included, 47 (23%) died within 12 months. Median CD4 count at TB diagnosis was 37 cells/mm3 (interquartile range: 16–102). Receiving HAART (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.6–10.8), receiving TB treatment (AHR: 9.0; 95% CI: 1.5–53.5) and baseline BMI ≥ 18.5 (AHR: 8.4; 95% CI: 1.9–35.8) were independently associated with survival. Among 171 (85%) patients who received TB treatment, receiving HAART (HR: 5.1; 95% CI: 2.4–10.7) was the only factor significantly a.
Microarray-based prenatal diagnosis for the identification of fetal chromosome abnormalities

The goal of prenatal cytogenetic testing is to provide reassurance to the couple seeking testing for their pregnancy, identify chromosome abnormalities in the fetus, if present, and provide treatments and medical management for affected babies. Cytogenetic analysis of banded chromosomes has been the standard for identifying chromosome abnormalities in the fetus for over 40 years. With chromosome analysis, whole chromosome aneuploidies and large structural rearrangements can be identified. The sequencing of the human genome has provided the resources to develop molecular tools that allow higher resolution observations of human chromosomes. The future holds the promise of sequencing that may identify chromosomal imbalances and deleterious single nucleotide variants. This review will focus on the use of genomic microarrays for the testing and identification of chromosome anomalies in prenatal diagnosis and will discuss the future directions of fetal testing.
Childhood Onset Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders

poor perfusion. His respiratory rate was 80-90/min with wheeze, inspiratory stridor, central cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 85% in air. His heart rate was 160/min and there were profuse oral and nasal secretions requiring repeated suction. The pupils were constricted but the child was too agitated for formal neurological assessment. The cyanosis responded readily to facemask oxygen. Over a period of 24 hours his respiratory rate settled and he remained well saturated in air. However, two hours after admission the boy's eyes became inflamed and an ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral superficial comeal scarring. There was also a chemical conjunctivitis making it impossible for the infant to open his eyes. The child was treated with regular saline (0-9%) irrigation and chloramphenicol prophylaxis, the inflammation settled over the next four days. Fortunately there was no residual scarring. We have been unable to find any reports of nasal instillation ofOlbas Oil in infants. Olbas Oil contains oils of peppermint, clove, eucalyptus, menthol, and cajub but it is the latter three that cause the respiratory symptoms. Menthol and eucalyptus are terpenes that if ingested may cause epigastric burning, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, miosis, tachycardia, and a feeling of suffocation. In infants cyanosis, delirium, and convulsions may occur. The respiratory symptoms associated with instillation, although dramatic, resolve eventually and treatment is supportive. Oral poisoning with menthol and eucalyptus oils has occurred in the UK2 3 but nasal instillation is more common in Europe where bottles may be confused with normal saline.4 However, ocular involvement has been described only after direct application of camphor and eucalyptus.5 In young children nasal instillation causes immediate respiratory distress and agitation. This can lead, as in this case, to ocular administration. In patients with severe respiratory symptoms, needing oxygen or ventilation it is important to get an ophthalmic opinion. Untreated the oils can cause local burning and permanent comeal scarring.
Laser revision of scars and striae

Integumental injury sets the cascade of wound healing events into motion. In most cases, wound healing results in the restoration of skin, which is smooth and normal in appearance. Despite its normal appearance, the repaired skin will ultimately achieve only 70–80% of its original tensile strength. This is not the consequence of the healing process that is of concern. When the wound healing process deviates from its orderly pattern, scarring results. Scars are common complications of wound healing that affect millions of individuals. Though the pigmentary and vascular alterations associated with wound healing are often transient, the textural changes caused by collagen disruption are often permanent. The wound healing process can be divided into three stages: inflammation, granulation tissue formation, and matrix remodeling (1,2). The initial stage is defined by a structured sequence involving inflammatory cells. This cascade is orchestrated by neutrophils. Subsequently, macrophages elaborate a variety of cytokines, which create an environment amicable to granulation tissue formation. Finally, fibroblasts migrate into the area, proliferate, and recapitulate ontogeny by depositing new collagen—first type III and later type I. Simultaneously, new capillaries are produced under the influence of angiogenic factors released into the wound environment. A problem arises when this organized process takes a detour. An overzealous healing response may occur, creating a raised nodule of fibrotic tissue. Alternatively the deleted collagen is not adequately replaced, forming a pitted “golf ball” appearance. In either case, the scar is often a legacy of skewed wound healing. Although rarely posing a health risk, patients with scars often present with complaints of associated pruritus or dysesthesia. It is imperative that the consulting physician does not overlook the patient’s perception of aesthetic disfigurement, which can be detrimental to the patient’s psyche. The physician must not only assess pertinent characteristics of the scar but must also take into consideration certain patient variables. The purpose of this article is to review the strengths and limitations of current laser technology used to improve the appearance and symptomatology of hypertrophic scars, keloids, striae, and atrophic scars.
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma: the FAST scan

Focused assessment with sonography for trauma or focused abdominal sonography for trauma — the FAST scan, has become a useful modality for the initial evaluation of patients with blunt abdominal trauma. The technique is used to identify free fluid in the abdomen and pelvis and to detect the presence of a pericardial effusion. FAST can be performed by any trained individual, not necessarily a sonographer or radiologist, aiding in the immediate availability of this technique in the emergency situation. We will discuss the applications and sensitivity of this technique in trauma and review the potential pitfalls and limitations which need to be understood if this technique is to be safely applied. The use of FAST for the detection of pneumothoraces in trauma and other advances in FAST scanning, such as scoring systems and paediatric FAST are also reviewed.
Handheld augmented reality indoor navigation with activity-based instructions

We present a novel design of an augmented reality interface to support indoor navigation. We combine activity-based instructions with sparse 3D localisation at selected info points in the building. Based on localisation accuracy and the users' activities, such as walking or standing still, the interface adapts the visualisation by changing the density and quality of information shown. We refine and validate our design through user involvement in pilot studies. We finally present the results of a comparative study conducted to validate the effectiveness of our design and to explore how the presence of info points affects users' performance on indoor navigation tasks. The results of this study validate our design and show an improvement in task performance when info points are present, which act as confirmation points and provide an overview of the task.
Isolation and identification of bacteria causing arthritis in chickens

Sixty chickens 30-55 days old with arthritis symptoms, were collected from different broiler chickens farms, all samples were examined clinically, post mortem and bacterial isolation were done. The results revealed isolation of 26 (50.98%) of Staphylococcus aureus , which were found highly sensitive to amoxycillin. The experimental infection of 10 chickens was carried out on 35 days old by intravenous inoculated with 10 7 cfu/ml of isolated Staphylococcus aureus . Arthritis occurred in 8 (80%) chickens. Clinical signs and post mortem findings confined to depression, swollen joints, inability to stand.
A new microsurgical technique for minimally invasive anterior lumbar interbody fusion

Study Design. A series of patients were prospectively studied to determine the morbidity and possible complications of minimally invasive anterior lumbar interbody fusion by two new microsurgical approaches (retroperitoneal for segments L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5, and transperitoneal for L5-S1). Objectives. To investigate the feasibility of performing an anterior lumbar interbody fusion through a 4-cm skin incision and standardized muscle-splitting approach. Summary of Background Data. The utility of anterior lumbar interbody fusion with or without posterior instrumentation for the treatment of various degenerative or postoperative lesions associated with low back pain is still a matter of debate. Regardless of the indications for surgery, use of the anterior approach in the lumbar spine is known to be associated with considerable surgical trauma, a high postoperative morbidity, and, occasionally, unacceptably high complication rates. Laparoscopic anterior interbody fusion of L5-S1 to eliminate some of these problems has been recently described. However, a a minimally invasive surgical concept that covers all lumbar segments from L2 to S1 has not been described before now. Methods. A standardized, microsurgical retroperitoneal approach to levels L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5 and a microsurgical transperitoneal approach through a minilaparotomy to L6-S1 are described. The first 25 patients (retroperitoneal, n = 20; transperitoneal; n = 6) treated with these methods are evaluated with respect to intraoperative data such as blood loss, operating time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as preliminary fusion results. Results. There were no general or technique-related complications in the first series of 25 patients. Postoperative morbidity was low in all patients, with negligible wound pain. Average blood loss was 67.8 ml for the retroperitoneal technique and 168 ml for the transperitoneal approach. No blood transfusion was necessary. All patients showed solid bony fusion. Conclusions. The microsurgical approaches described in this article are atraumatic techniques to reach the lumbar spinal levels L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1. They represent microsurgical modifications of the surgical approaches well known to the spine surgeon. They can be learned in a step-by-step fashion, starting with a conventional skin incision and, once the surgeon is familiar with the instruments, moving on to the microsurgical technique. The approaches are not restricted to the type of fusion (iliac crest autograft) presented in this series.
[Pharmacological and clinical profile of a novel SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin hydrate (CANAGLU®)].

要約:カナグリフロジン水和物(以下カナグリフロジ ン,製品名:カナグル錠(国内),Invokana錠(海 外))は,2型糖尿病治療薬として 2013 年 3 月に米国 で初めて承認されたナトリウム/グルコース共輸送体 (SGLT)2阻害薬である. 2014 年 7 月には,国内でも 承認を取得した. 1990 年,田辺三菱製薬は世界に先駆 け,尿糖排泄促進による経口糖尿病治療薬の創薬研究 に着手し,経口投与で SGLTを阻害する T-1095 の創製 に成功した. さらに治療薬としてより適した化合物を 探究し,誕生したのがカナグリフロジンである. カナ グリフロジンは,腎近位尿細管において糸球体ろ過さ れた大部分のグルコースの再吸収を担う SGLT2 を選 択的かつ競合的に阻害し(SGLT1 との IC50 値の比は 158 倍),血中の過剰なグルコースを尿糖として排泄す ることでインスリン非依存的に糖尿病モデル動物の高 血糖を是正する. 肥満モデル動物においては,体重お よび体脂肪増加を抑制する効果を認めた. Zucker diabetic fatty(ZDF)ラットにカナグリフロジンを反復 投与することで,持続的に血糖値を低下し,インスリ ン分泌能の改善および膵 β細胞量の維持をもたらした. また,カナグリフロジンと DPP-4 阻害薬テネリグリプ チンとの併用投与,およびラットでの消化管内糖質量 に関する検討から,小腸 SGLT1 阻害を介した糖質吸 収遅延作用を有することも示された. 2型糖尿病患者 を対象とした国内外の臨床試験において,カナグリフ ロジンは持続的なヘモグロビンA1c(HbA1c)改善,体 重および血圧低下,eGFRの低下抑制効果等を示して おり,実施中のグローバル大規模臨床試験(CANVAS, CREDENCE)の結果にも大いに期待がもたれている. 1. 開発経緯
Comparison of pain assessment by patients and triage nurses

Aims: Excellence in pain assessment is crucial for pain management. Pain is a subjective and individual phenomenon and patients' assessmentcan be affected by their experiences. The purpose of this study was to compare the pain assessment of patients and triage nurses of emergency wards. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study performed on patients referred to 5-e-Azar hospital of Gorgan in 2007 and 16 nurses of triage area in emergency ward. 100 patients selected by purposive sampling method. Data was collected by a questionnaire of demographic information and numeric rating scale (NRS) of pain. At first, the triage nurse rated the patient's pain based on history taking. Separately, researchers asked patients to rate their pain intensity in triage. Gathered data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS 16 software. Results: The minimum pain intensity score was 5. 90% of patients assessed their pain as severe. By increasing the estimate of patients from their pain, the nurses reported less pain and vice versa, when the patients estimated less pain, the nurses estimated it more. Patients' average pain intensity score was 9.13±1.26 and triage nurses' ratings were significantly lower (7.60±2.1; p<0.001). Conclusion: Estimation of patients and triage nurses from pain is inconsistent and in many cases, contrary to one another.
L4Android: a generic operating system framework for secure smartphones

Smartphones became many people's primary means of communication. Emerging applications such as Near Field Communication require new levels of security that cannot be enforced by current smartphone operating systems. Therefore vendors resort to hardware extensions that have limitations in flexibility and increase the bill of materials. In this work we present a generic operating system framework that does away with the need for such hardware extensions. We encapsulate the original smartphone operating system in a virtual machine. Our framework allows for highly secure applications to run side-by-side with the virtual machine. It is based on a state-of-the-art microkernel that ensures isolation between the virtual machine and secure applications. We evaluate our framework by sketching how it can be used to solve four problems in current smartphone security.