Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerobic Exercise, Ball Sports, Dancing, and Weight Lifting as Moderators of the Relationship between Stress and Depressive Symptoms: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study with Swiss University Students

This exploratory study was designed to compare four types of exercise activities in Swiss university students. A sample of 201 medical students (136 women, 65 men; M age = 23.2 yr., SD = 2.4) and 250 exercise and health sciences students (144 women, 106 men; M age = 22.3 yr., SD = 2.2) participated in the study. They completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Depression Scale, and the Office in Motion Questionnaire. Interaction effects between stress and exercise activities were analysed using hierarchical regression analyses, after controlling for age, sex, and academic discipline. Frequent participation in ball sports and dancing were associated with decreased depressive symptoms among students with elevated perceived stress, whereas no such relationship existed among their peers with lower perceived stress. No stress-moderating effect was found for aerobic exercise. Weight lifting was only associated with lower depressive symptoms among students with low perceived stress. The present findings suggest that, among Swiss university students, certain exercises may have better potential to moderate the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms than others. Future research could analyze whether personalized exercise programs created to satisfy participants' individual needs are more beneficial for stress management.
The Radioresponse of the Central Nervous System: A Dynamic Process

Abstract Tofilon, P.J. and Fike, J.R. The Radioresponse of the Central Nervous System: A Dynamic Process. Radiation continues to be a major treatment modality for tumors located within and close to the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, alleviating or protecting against radiation-induced CNS injury would be of benefit in cancer treatment. However, the rational development of such interventional strategies will depend on a more complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the development of this form of normal tissue injury. Whereas the vasculature and the oligodendrocyte lineage have traditionally been considered the primary radiation targets in the CNS, in this review we suggest that other phenotypes as well as critical cellular interactions may also be involved in determining the radiore[chsponse of the CNS. Furthermore, based on the assumption that the CNS has a limited repertoire of responses to injury, the reaction of the CNS to other types of insults is used as a framework for modeling the pathogenesis of radiation-induced damage. Evidence is then provided suggesting that, in addition to acute cell death, radiation induces an intrinsic recovery/repair response in the form of specific cytokines and may initiate secondary reactive processes that result in the generation of a persistent oxidative stress.
Economics and resource use efficiency of lac cultivation in Jharkhand

The present paper examines the cost, return and resource use efficiency in lac cultivation on major lac host plants. This paper is based on the analysis of data collected on 400 lac growers of Ranchi and West Singhbhum district in the year 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. Primary data was collected from the respondents with the help of pre-tested schedule/questionnaire. Simple tabular and Cobb Douglas production function was used for the present analysis. The total cost of lac cultivation was found to be Rs. 5,132, Rs. 9,347 and Rs. 68,808 per 100 host trees for Palas (Butea monosperma). Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) and Kusum (Schleichera oleosa), respectively. The high cost of cultivation on Kusum was due to high labour and broodlac requirement. The net return was found to be Rs. 9,772, Rs. 19,543 and Rs. 1,62,837 for Palas, Ber and Kusum, respectively. Analysis of variance indicated that 76.46%, 66.73% and 68.26% variation in total income from lac for Palas, Ber and Kusum, respectively was explained by four variables like number of host utilized, number of human labour days, utilized, amount of broodlac in kg and value of other inputs in Rs. Out of these human labour days utilized and amount of broodlac inoculated were significant at 5 per cent level of significance in explaining the variation. This showed increase in the level of human labour days utilized and amount of broodlac inoculated resulted in enhancing efficiency of lac cultivation on all the three hosts, contributing significantly towards gross return. Marginal value product analysis suggested a significant scope for increasing lac production at growers level by vertical growth in lac cultivation i.e. increase in production by using more input on the same host.
Do Reticent Managers Lie During Firm Surveys?

Previous studies have shown that reticent managers, who are identified through a series of random-response questions, answer questions about corruption, firm performance and how honest they are differently from other managers. If reticent managers’ answers are different because they are lying, estimates of these behaviors will be inaccurate. But it is also possible that reticent managers answer questions differently because they and their firms are different. This paper presents evidence consistent with the idea that reticent managers lie. First, it shows that reticent managers in Nigeria report that their firms pay higher wages than other firms. This is consistent with previous studies that have found that they also report better performance. Second, it shows that workers at firms with reticent managers report lower, or similar, wages to workers at other firms. The different responses of the managers and the workers suggest that reticent managers are lying. That is, reticent managers in Nigeria report paying higher wages but they are not doing so.
Rhapsody-G simulations – II. Baryonic growth and metal enrichment in massive galaxy clusters

We study the evolution of the stellar component and the metallicity of both the intracluster medium and of stars in massive (M_(vir) ≈ 6 × 10^(14) M_⊙ h^(−1)) simulated galaxy clusters from the Rhapsody-G suite in detail and compare them to observational results. The simulations were performed with the AMR code ramses and include the effect of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback at the subgrid level. AGN feedback is required to produce realistic galaxy and cluster properties and plays a role in mixing material in the central regions and regulating star formation in the central galaxy. In both our low- and high-resolution runs with fiducial stellar yields, we find that stellar and ICM metallicities are a factor of 2 lower than in observations. We find that cool core clusters exhibit steeper metallicity gradients than non-cool core clusters, in qualitative agreement with observations. We verify that the ICM metallicities measured in the simulation can be explained by a simple ‘regulator’ model in which the metallicity is set by a balance of stellar yield and gas accretion. It is plausible that a combination of higher resolution and higher metal yield in AMR simulation would allow the metallicity of simulated clusters to match observed values; however, this hypothesis needs to be tested with future simulations. Comparison to recent literature highlights that results concerning the metallicity of clusters and cluster galaxies might depend sensitively on the scheme chosen to solve the hydrodynamics.
Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing nosocomial infections in surgery and intensive care units of two hospitals in Antananarivo, Madagascar.

BACKGROUND In developing countries, knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns is essential to define empirical therapy. METHODOLOGY All the surgery and intensive care wards of two hospitals in Antananarivo were included to study the antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infections. A repeated cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2006 and March 2008, one day per week. Isolates were identified using classical methods, and resistance to antibiotics was assessed according to the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Microbiology Society. RESULTS Clinical specimens from 706 from 651 patients were collected. Of the 533 bacterial pathogens, 46.7% were Enterobacteriaceae, 19.3% were Staphylococcus aureus, and 19.1% were pathogens from the hospital environment (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii). Frequencies of resistance were high, particularly in Enterobacteriaceae; however, the rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to oxacillin (13.6 %) was moderate and all these isolates were susceptible to glycopeptids. The percentages of isolates susceptible to ceftazidim were 81.8% for E. coli, 60.9% for Klebsiella, and 52.5% for Enterobacter spp. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was due to extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL). Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes (adjusted OR: 3.9) and use of an invasive procedures (adjusted OR: 3.5) were independent risk factors for resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. CONCLUSION A nationwide surveillance programme is needed to monitor the microbial trends and antimicrobial resistance in Madagascar.
Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of paeonol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Paeonol, a major phenolic component of Moutan Cortex, is known to have antitumor effects through an unknown mechanism. In this study, we tried to elucidate the anticancer effects of paeonol on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines BEL-7404, SMMC-7721, and MHCC97-H in vitro. Using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, we compared the cytotoxicity of paeonol with the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in these three HCC cell lines. In addition, we examined the combined effect of paeonol and 5-FU over time, and found that the two compounds inhibited the proliferation of all three human HCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The concentrations that inhibited the proliferation by 50% ranged from 11.39 to 56.23 mg/l for paeonol, and 6.47 to 37.87 mg/l for 5-FU. We determined that exposure to these compounds led to an upregulation of the anti-oncogene PTEN, and the downregulation of the oncogene AKT in the cell lines tested as determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot. In addition, paeonol induced DNA fragmentation in the HCC cell line BEL-7404. These observations suggest that paeonol has the potential to be explored for use as an effective antitumor agent for HCC.
Comparison of Angular Reflectance Losses Between PV Modules With Planar and Textured Glass Under Singapore Outdoor Conditions

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are rated under standard test conditions with normally incident light, whereas under outdoor conditions photons arrive on a PV module surface at all angles. In this study, the angular losses of PV modules with a planar and textured front glass are investigated for the tropical conditions of Singapore. Angular reflectance for both modules is first measured using a goniophotometer. From the measurements, the angular loss factors due to the different radiation components are calculated. Then, the angular losses under Singapore outdoor conditions are determined using three transposition models: Liu and Jordan, Hay and Davies, and Perez et al. Two 60-cell PV modules with a planar and textured glass are fabricated and measured outdoors for validation of the modeling results. Outdoor measurement results show that the PV module with textured glass captures 1.4% extra light compared with the PV module with planar glass for the 6-mo period studied. Next, the annual angular loss, monthly angular loss, and typical meteorological day angular loss for both module structures are studied. For all cases studied, the PV module with textured glass has consistently lower angular losses compared with the PV module with a planar glass.
‘If you didn’t laugh, you’d cry’: Emotional labour, reflexivity and ethics-as-practice in a qualitative fieldwork context

This article takes Guillemin and Gillam’s distinction between ‘procedural ethics’ and ‘ethics in practice’ as a point of departure and return for reflecting critically on a recently completed doctoral research project about political violence and terrorism. It provides an overview of the study before offering some instructive vignettes to show how ethical decision-making processes engaged with ‘in the field’ were an extension of more everyday and mundane reasoning than we may typically associate with such quintessentially ‘sensitive research’. As the final section of this article argues, it is this everyday and mundane quality to ethical reasoning which is sometimes obscured in formal accounts of ‘reflexivity’. It is hoped that this article is useful for scholars interested in the ethics and emotional practices of qualitative inquiry, as well as those researching serious violence and bereavement.
Arthroscopic Capsulolabral Repair for Posterior Shoulder Instability in Throwing Athletes Compared with Nonthrowing Athletes

Background There are limited studies evaluating arthroscopic treatment of unidirectional posterior shoulder instability in overhead-throwing athletes. Hypothesis Arthroscopic capsulolabral repair for unidirectional posterior shoulder instability will yield equivalent stability and functional outcomes in the overhead-throwing athlete and nonthrowers. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Ninety-eight athletes (107 shoulders) with unidirectional posterior shoulder instability were treated with arthroscopic Posterior capsulolabral reconstruction or, rarely, capsular plication alone, as determined by their specific intra-articular lesions. Patients were evaluated prospectively with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scoring system. Stability, range of motion, strength, pain, and function were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with standardized subjective scales. Results for 27 dominant shoulders in throwing athletes (25%) were compared with those for 80 shoulders in nonthrowing athletes (75%). Results At a mean follow-up of 27 months postoperatively, there were no differences in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score or scores for stability, range of motion, strength, pain, and function between the throwers and nonthrowers, with both groups showing a significant improvement in all categories (P < .0001). Excellent or good results were achieved in 89% of the throwers and 93% of the nonthrowers. Throwing athletes were less likely to return to their preinjury levels of sport (55%) compared with nonthrowing athletes (71%). Conclusion Arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair effectively improves stability, range of motion, strength, pain, and function in throwing athletes with unidirectional posterior shoulder instability. Despite similar outcome measures to nonthrowers, throwing athletes are less likely to return to their preinjury levels of sport.
The orthogonal projection matrices on the eigenspaces of the DFT-IV matrix

Since having orthonormal Hermite-Gaussian-like eigenvectors of the DFT-IV matrix G is essential for developing a fractional discrete Fourier transform of type IV (FDFTIV), some methods for the generation of those eigenvectors are analyzed in a detailed simulation study involving evaluating the execution time, orthonormality error and approximation error. Since six of the nine methods included in the study necessitate knowledge of the orthogonal projection matrices on the eigenspaces of the DFT-IV matrix, explicit expressions are derived for those matrices. Based on this contribution it is no longer essential to generate the eigenvectors of a nearly tridiagonal matrix S which commutes with matrix G as a way for obtaining eigenvectors of the latter. The simulation results show the tradeoff between the speed of execution and the numerical robustness of the computation of the various techniques.
Role of dietary habits and diet in caries occurrence and severity among urban adolescent school children

To identify the role of dietary habits (type of diet, skipping meals, snacking in-between meals and frequency of visits to fast food restaurants) in caries occurrence and severity. To explore the correlation between frequency of intake of selected foods and dental caries. A cross-sectional study was carried out on adolescent children (n = 916) of age 13-19, following a two-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Questionnaire included demographic details, dietary habits of children and food frequency table that listed selected food items. The dependent variable-dental caries was measured using the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index. The prevalence of dental caries in this study population was 36.7% (95% confidence interval: 33.58-39.82). The mean DMFT was 1.01 (±1.74). No statistically significant difference found between caries occurrence and type of diet (P = 0.07), skipping meals (P = 0.86), frequency of eating in fast food stalls (0.86) and snacking in between meals (0.08). Mean DMFT values were higher among nonvegetarians and among children who had the habit of snacking in between meals. Frequency of intake of selected food items showed that mean frequency intake of carbonated drinks and confectionery was higher among children who presented with caries when compared to caries-free children (P = 0.000). Significant correlation found between mean DMFT and mean frequency intake of carbonated drinks and confectionery. Odds ratios were calculated for the same for frequency ≥4 times/day for confectionery and ≥4/week for carbonated drinks and results discussed. Frequent intake of carbonated drinks and confectionery is harmful to oral health that eventually reflects on general health. Educating the adolescent children on healthy dietary habits should be put in the forefront.
LACTIC ACIDOSIS IN GOATS: PREVALENCE, INTRA-RUMINAL AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of lactic/ruminal acidosis in goats through the utilization of intra ruminal and haematological analyses as diagnostic tools. From a total study population of 2029 goats, 265 adult goats from 8 villages of Lahore, Pakistan were diagnosed for lactic acidosis on the basis of anamnesis and clinical signs. Confirmation was made through ruminal fluid analysis for its pH and defaunation. The morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were recorded as 1.2, 0.6 and 50%, respectively. On the basis of average ruminal fluid pH, goats were assigned to four groups viz. pH 4, 5, 6 and 7. A ruminal pH of 4 was found to be lethal. Significant (P<0.05) variation was noted between all four groups. However, no seasonal influence was observed for the disease. Haematological indices were within the normal reference ranges of goats, however, marked increase in Packed Cellular Volume (PCV) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) was observed. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was also elevated than the normal range for goats. The high fatality rate of the disease envisages further monitoring of the disease through devising various biomarkers for its earlier diagnosis with emphasis on Subacute Ruminal A cidosis (SARA).
Evaluation of PDMS-Based Extraction Techniques and GC-TOFMS for the Analysis of Off-Flavor Chemicals in Beer1

Various formats employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as an extraction medium prior to gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) analysis were investigated to measure off-flavors in aged beer. The techniques included stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE), purge and trap, and closed-loop stripping (CLS). Although all PDMS extraction methods worked well, SBSE appeared to provide the most accurate quantitation and was capable of detecting the most odor-active compounds. The peak deconvolution capability of the Leco Pegasus TOFMS was critical to the detection and accurate quantitation of key off-flavor chemicals. Compared with fresh control beer, increases in furfural; furfuryl ethyl ether; furyl hydroxymethyl ketone; 2,4-dodecadienal, (E,E)-; benzeneacetic acid ethyl ester; β-damascenone; and 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (also known as nicotinic acid ethyl ester) were observed in beer samples incubated for 12 weeks at 30°C, and increases in dimethyl disulfide, dimethyltrisulfide, and benzeneacetaldehyde occurred in beer samples exposed to sunlight for 8 hr.
Cortical deficits in human amblyopia: their regional distribution and their relationship to the contrast detection deficit.

PURPOSE The understanding of the site and nature of the cortical processing deficit in human amblyopia awaits the resolution of three fundamental questions about which there is, at present, much controversy: First, is area V1 affected as the present animal models would predict, but some imaging studies argue against? Second, how extensive is the loss of extrastriate function, and does it simply follow as a consequence of an impaired V1 input? Third, does the brain imaging deficit, be it striate or extrastriate, correlate with the well-documented psychophysical loss? --a fundamental issue on which previous brain imaging studies are divided. METHODS A spatially broadband stimulus was used to determine the functional MRI responses from the different retinotopically identified visual cortical areas in a group of normal (n = 6) and a group of amblyopic (n = 11) observers. Responses were compared between the amblyopic and fellow fixing eyes of amblyopes and between the dominant and nondominant eyes of normal subjects, in central and peripheral parts of the visual field. Psychophysical acuity and contrast sensitivity was also measured and its correlation with the brain imaging deficit determined. RESULTS V1 was affected in most but not all cases; the brain-imaging deficit involved extensive regions of extrastriate cortex and, at least with the stimuli used in the study, correlated with the V1 loss, suggesting a strong V1 influence; and neither the striate nor the extrastriate deficits correlated with the psychophysical contrast threshold losses at either high or low spatial frequencies. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there are significant suprathreshold processing deficits that are not a consequence of the well-known threshold deficit. Our preoccupation over the past 30 years with the contrast detection deficit in amblyopia limited to the processing within a circumscribed part of V1 may have to be modified to include not only processing deficits for high-contrast stimuli but also the involvement of multiple extrastriate areas.