Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arginine Activates Intestinal p 70 S 6 k and Protein Synthesis in Piglet Rotavirus Enteritis 1 , 2

We previously showed that phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase (p70) in the intestine is increased during viral enteritis. In this study, we hypothesized that during rotavirus infection, oral Arg, which stimulates p70 activation, will further stimulate intestinal protein synthesis and mucosal recovery, whereas the p70 inhibitor rapamycin (Rapa) will inhibit mucosal recovery. Newborn piglets were fed a standard milk replacer diet supplemented with Arg (0.4 g kg d, twice daily by gavage), Rapa (2 mg m d), Arg 1 Rapa, or saline (controls). They were infected on d 6 of life with porcine rotavirus. Three days postinoculation, we measured the piglets’ body weight, fecal rotavirus excretion, villus-crypt morphology, epithelial electrical resistance in Ussing chambers, and p70 activation by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We previously showed a 2-fold increase in jejunal protein synthesis during rotavirus diarrhea. In this experiment, Arg stimulated jejunal protein synthesis 1.3-fold above standard medium, and the Arg stimulation was partially inhibited by Rapa. Small bowel stimulation of p70 phosphorylation and p70 levels were inhibited . 80% by Rapa. Immunohistochemistry revealed a major increase of p70 and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation in the crypt and lower villus of the infected piglets. However, in Arg-treated piglets, p70 activation occurred over the entire villus. Jejunal villi of the Rapa-treated group showed inactivation of p70 and a decrease in mucosal resistance (reflecting increased permeability), the latter of which was reversed by Arg. We conclude that, early in rotavirus enteritis, Arg has no impact on diarrhea but augments intestinal protein synthesis in part by p70 stimulation, while improving intestinal permeability via a mammalian target of rapamycin/p70-independent mechanism. J. Nutr. 138: 24–29, 2008.
Natural occurrence of tularemia in the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanus (Linn.), and in dogs in Arkansas.

Summary Epidemiological investigations of tularemia in Arkansas revealed that the highest incidence of human tularemia within the State occurred during the months of April through September, with approximately 56 per cent of the yearly reported cases having a history of tick bite. These epidemiological investigations prompted a cooperative project between the Communicable Disease Center and the Arkansas State Board of Health. Data collected for two consecutive years indicate that the lone star tick is the predominant tick in Arkansas, followed by the American dog tick during the summer, as represented by collections from cattle and dogs and by dragging. The American dog tick was found to be the more widely distributed of the two species within the State. The lone star tick predominated in the more mountainous and heavily wooded areas. Pasteurella tularensis was isolated from six different lots of lone star ticks (1 in 1951 and 5 in 1952) collected from dogs and cattle and by drags. Two of the positive lots were composed entirely of adult female lone star ticks. Though one large collection of American dog ticks was removed from the same hosts at the time the positive lone star ticks were collected, none of the American dog tick collections was found to be positive for tularemia. Blood specimens were taken from the hosts from which the positive lots of ticks were removed. Of sera of seven dogs submitted for the tularemia agglutination tests, six were found positive in dilutions from 1:40 to 1:640. Three cow blood specimens gave positive tularemia reactions in dilutions of 1:80.
Intellectual Property and Food Security in Least Developed Countries

Abstract This paper analyses the impact of intellectual property laws on food security in Least Developed Countries (LDCs), taking the Pacific Islands countries as an example. It argues that ip laws are increasingly impacting upon food security, but are not being adequately taken into account in national policy development. Consequently, national ip regimes are developing in ways that undermine, rather than promote, food security. The paper argues that the particular context of LDCs, including a lack of technological development and reliance upon traditional agricultural systems, requires an approach to intellectual property that is substantially different from the ‘one size fits all’ approach mandated by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
Mandibular rotation and remodeling changes during early childhood.

OBJECTIVE To describe the mandibular rotation and remodeling of younger children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 43 males and 43 females who participated in the Bolton-Brush Growth Study at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio. They were chosen on the basis of having Class I (n = 45) or Class II (n = 41) molar relationships and longitudinal lateral cephalograms at three developmental stages of the dentition: late primary (T1: 5.7 +/- 0.5 y), early mixed (T2: 8.4 +/- 0.6 y), and full permanent dentition (T3: 15.4 +/- 0.5 y). Each subject's cephalograms were traced and four landmarks were digitized. Cranial base and mandibular superimpositions were performed with the use of natural reference structures. RESULTS Yearly rates of true rotation, apparent rotation, and angular remodeling showed significant (P < .05) changes throughout. True rotation was moderately correlated with angular remodeling and apparent rotation. Although no significant sex differences in annual rates of rotation were noted, subjects with Class I molar relationships showed significantly more angular remodeling from T2-T3 than did subjects with Class II molar relationships. Rates of true forward rotation were significantly greater with T1-T2 than with T2-T3 (1.3 and 0.7 degrees/y, respectively). CONCLUSION Although significant amounts of true mandibular rotation and angular remodeling occur during childhood and adolescence, true rotation is greatest during the transition from late primary to early mixed dentition.
Neuroimaging of Epilepsy

Neuroimaging has an important role in the investigation and treatment of patients with epilepsy. Diagnosis of the underlying substrate in a given patient with epilepsy determines prognosis with higher accuracy than electroencephalography. Neuroimaging techniques include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although CT has a diminished role for diagnosis. MRI is the most appropriate imaging technique in the initial investigation of patients with epilepsy. MRI is the most sensitive technique for the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis, tumors, and malformations of cortical development. MRI is also critical for neurosurgical planning. Other imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography are reserved for patients with intractable epilepsy when surgery is contemplated. New developments such as MR spectroscopy, receptor PET, and magnetic source imaging are becoming clinical tools and have the promise of improving diagnosis.
Near-infrared counterparts to the Galactic Bulge Survey X-ray source population

We report on the near-infrared matches, drawn from three surveys, to the 1640 unique X-ray sources detected by Chandra in the Galactic Bulge Survey (GBS). This survey targets faint X-ray sources in the bulge, with a particular focus on accreting compact objects. We present all viable counterpart candidates and associate a false alarm probability (FAP) to each near-infrared match in order to identify the most likely counterparts. The FAP takes into account a statistical study involving a chance alignment test, as well as considering the positional accuracy of the individual X-ray sources. We find that although the star density in the bulge is very high, ∼90 per cent of our sources have an FAP <10 per cent, indicating that for most X-ray sources, viable near-infrared counterparts candidates can be identified. In addition to the FAP, we provide positional and photometric information for candidate counterparts to ∼95 per cent of the GBS X-ray sources. This information in combination with optical photometry, spectroscopy and variability constraints will be crucial to characterize and classify secure counterparts.
Syntaxin 7, a Novel Syntaxin Member Associated with the Early Endosomal Compartment*

Members of the syntaxin family are key molecules involved in diverse vesicle docking/fusion events. We report here the molecular, biochemical, and cell biological characterizations of a novel member (syntaxin 7) of the syntaxin family. Syntaxin 7 is structurally related to all known syntaxins. Within a 79-residue region preceding the C-terminal hydrophobic tail, syntaxin 7 is 35, 34, 34, 34, 25, and 19% identical to syntaxins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Northern blot analysis showed that syntaxin 7 is widely expressed. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that syntaxin 7 is primarily associated with the early endosome. In vitro binding assays established that syntaxin 7 in membrane extracts interacts with immobilized recombinant α-solubleN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment proteins fused to glutathione S-transferase. Our results highlight the general importance of members of the syntaxin family in protein trafficking and provide new avenues for future functional and mechanistic studies of this first endosomal syntaxin as well as the endocytotic pathway.
Appraisal of Capital Market Efficiency on Economic Growth in Nigeria

The paper is an appraisal of the impact of capital market efficiency on economic growth in Nigeria, using time series data on market capitalization, money supply, interest rate, total market transaction and government development stock that ranges between 1961 to 2004. The model specification for the analysis of data is multiple regression and ordinary lest squares estimation techniques. The result of the study shows that the capital market in Nigeria has the potentials of growth inducing, but it has not contributed meaningfully to the economic growth of Nigeria. This is as a result of low market capitalization, low absorptive capitalization, illiquidity, misappropriation of funds among others. The empirical test indicates that, these variables satisfied the economic apriori and are statistically significant except total transactions and money. Thus it was concluded and recommended that, the capital market remain one of the mainstream in every economy that has the power to influence economic growth, hence the organize private sector is encourage to invest in it. This will enable the capital market improve its illiquidity status for economic growth and development. Therefore the government must contribute in order to achieve these objectives through investing government securities in productive sectors and relaxing laws that spell threat to the capital market.
Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health

Free radicals and oxidants play a dual role as both toxic and beneficial compounds, since they can be either harmful or helpful to the body. They are produced either from normal cell metabolisms in situ or from external sources (pollution, cigarette smoke, radiation, medication). When an overload of free radicals cannot gradually be destroyed, their accumulation in the body generates a phenomenon called oxidative stress. This process plays a major part in the development of chronic and degenerative illness such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, aging, cataract, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants, which are either naturally produced in situ, or externally supplied through foods and/or supplements. This mini-review deals with the taxonomy, the mechanisms of formation and catabolism of the free radicals, it examines their beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular activities, it highlights the potential role of the antioxidants in preventing and repairing damages caused by oxidative stress, and it discusses the antioxidant supplementation in health maintenance.
Comic Characters Detection Using Deep Learning

Comic characters detection has been an interesting area in comic analysis as it not only allows more efficient indexation and retrieval for comic books but also yields an adequate understanding of comics so as to help better creating the digital form of comic books. In recent years, several methods that have been proposed to extract/detect characters from comics, have given reasonable performance. However, they always use their datasets to evaluate the methods without comparing with other works or experimenting on a standard dataset. In this work, we take advantage of the recent and significant development of deep learning to apply it to comic character detection. We use the latest object detection deep networks to train the comic characters detector based on our proposed dataset. By experimenting on our proposed dataset and also on available datasets from previous works, we have found that this method significantly outperforms existing methods. We believe that this state-of-the-art approach can be considered as a reliable baseline method to compare and better understand future detection techniques.
Role of E1B55K in E4orf6/E1B55K E3 Ligase Complexes Formed by Different Human Adenovirus Serotypes

ABSTRACT The E4orf6 protein of serotypes representing all human adenovirus species forms Cullin-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that facilitate virus infection by inducing degradation of cellular proteins that impede efficient viral replication. This complex also includes the viral E1B55K product believed to bind and introduce substrates for ubiquitination. Heterogeneity in the composition of these ligases exists, as some serotypes form Cul5-based complexes whereas others utilize Cul2. Significant variations in substrate specificities also exist among serotypes, as some degrade certain substrates very efficiently whereas others induce more modest or little degradation. As E1B55K is believed to function as the substrate acquisition component of the ligase, we undertook studies to compare the ability of representative E1B55K proteins to bind substrates with the efficacy of degradation by their respective E4orf6-based ligases. Interestingly, although efficient degradation in some cases corresponded to the ability of E1B55K to bind to or relocalize substrates, there were several examples of substrates that bound efficiently to E1B55K but were not degraded and others in which substrates were degraded even though binding to E1B55K was low or undetectable. These results suggest that transient interactions with E1B55K may be sufficient for efficient substrate degradation and that binding alone is not sufficient, implying that the orientation of the substrate in the ligase complex is probably crucial. Nevertheless, we found that the substrate specificity of certain E4orf6-based ligases could be altered through the formation of hybrid complexes containing E1B55K from another serotype, thus confirming identification of E1B55K as the substrate acquisition component of the complex.
[Cystic adventitial degeneration of left external iliac vein: report of a case].

患者男,54岁. 主因右下肢水肿,活动受限于2006年7月8日入院. 曾在当地某医院诊断有下肢血栓,治疗后未见好转而来本院. 体检:右下肢指凹性水肿,浅静脉曲张,皮肤暗紫色,疼痛,活动时加重。
The development of monophthongal vowels in Korean: Age and sex differences

The purpose of this study was to acoustically examine the developmental characteristics of fundamental (f0) and formant frequencies (F1 and F2) in vowels produced by Korean male and female children in two age ranges (5 and 10 years of age). The study also compared formant frequency values among Korean children with those from existing English data. Results revealed that f0 and F1 and F2 decrease as age increases. The f0 was similar, but formant frequencies were found to differ between male and female children. In particular, F1 and F2 values differed for the low‐central vowel /a/ among the four Korean groups, similar to English‐speaking children, but, unlike English, F2 values of front vowels were not different between age groups in Korean. The results of this study provide a base of information for establishing the normal pattern of development in Korean children, and bear on the exploration of cross‐linguistic similarities and differences in vowel development between English and Korean.
A cross-institutional examination of readiness for interprofessional learning

This paper examines the readiness for and attitudes toward interprofessional (IP) education in students across four diverse educational institutions with different educational mandates. The four educational institutions (research-intensive university, baccalaureate, polytechnical institute and community college) partnered to develop, deliver and evaluate IP modules in simulation learning environments. As one of the first steps in planning, the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale was delivered to 1530 students from across the institutions. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to expand upon previous work to examine psychometric properties of the instrument. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the institutions; however, a closer examination of the means demonstrated little variability. In an environment where collaboration and development of learning experiences across educational institutions is an expectation of the provincial government, an understanding of differences among a cohort of students is critical. This study reveals nonmeaningful significant differences, indicating different institutional educational mandates are unlikely to be an obstacle in the development of cross-institutional IP curricula.
Thirst in chronic heart failure: a review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This review will (1) explore factors related to thirst in chronic heart failure and (2) describe interventions to alleviate thirst in chronic heart failure patients. BACKGROUND Thirst is a common and troublesome symptom of chronic heart failure. Despite the burden and prevalence of this symptom, there are limited strategies to assist in its management. DESIGN This is a review of literature on the burden of thirst, contributors to thirst and potential management strategies of thirst in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS Medline, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health, PubMed and Scopus were searched using the key words thirst, chronic heart failure, angiotensin II, fluid restriction and intervention. Of the 165 citations yielded, nine studies (n = 9) were included. The eligibility criteria included participants with confirmed diagnosis of chronic heart failure, randomised controlled studies or any studies with thirst as primary or secondary outcome, in humans and in English. There was no limit to the years searched. RESULTS Factors related to thirst in chronic heart failure were condition; prolonged neurohormonal activation, treatment; pharmacological interventions and fluid restriction and emotion. No intervention studies were found in chronic heart failure patients. Interventions such as artificial saliva and chewing gum have been investigated for their effectiveness as a thirst reliever in haemodialysis patients. CONCLUSION Thirst is a frequent and troublesome symptom for individuals with chronic heart failure. It is highly likely that this contributes to poor adherence with fluid restrictions. Chewing gum can help alleviate thirst, but investigation in people with heart failure is needed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Increasing awareness of thirst and interventions to relieve it in clinical practice is likely to improve the quality of care for people with chronic heart failure.
School Asthma Screening and Case Management

Asthma is related to school absenteeism and underperformance in elementary students. This pilot study assessed whether school nurse case management (CM) in children identified with asthma impacts academic performance and school absenteeism in one school. A validated questionnaire was used to identify children at risk for asthma and CM was provided to link these students to medical care and assure asthma action plans at school. In the 40 children with confirmed diagnosis who received CM, academic performance on standardized testing postintervention was similar to the 76 children who were low risk for asthma. Average days absent due to illness in the CM group were reduced from 5.8 to 3.7 days in the postintervention school year. School nurse screening, CM, and collaboration with a medical provider resulted in early identification, referral, and subsequent treatment of students at risk for asthma and may have contributed to reduced illness absences.
Biodegradation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in the Waste Streams of a Munitions Plant

Abstract — Wastewater from the manufacture of propellants typically contains 2,4dinitrotoluene (DNT), a suspected animal carcinogen. Previous studies have indicated that DNT Wastewater from the manufacture of propellants typically contains 2,4dinitrotoluene (DNT), a suspected animal carcinogen. Previous studies have indicated that DNT is aerobically biodegradable. However, inconsistent removal of DNT during aerobic treatment has been observed at a munitions wastewater treatment plant, necessitating the use of activated carbon pre-treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrient and cosubstrate amendments on the rate and extent of DNT removal. Addition of ethanol (100-500 mg/l) and phosphate (0.8-3.3 mg/l) significantly accelerated the rate of aerobic DNT (0.3-5.6 mg/l) biodegradation. Addition of phosphate alone also increased the rate of DNT degradation, but to a lesser degree. The presence of ethyl ether, another substrate commonly found in munitions plant wastewater, had comparatively little effect on the rate of DNT removal. Interruptions in the DNT manufacturing process can result in DNT being absent from the munitions plant wastewater for extended periods. The effect of such interruptions was evaluated in semi-continuously operated reactors, fed daily with phosphate-amended wastewater, at a hydraulic residence time of 3 days. DNT removal resumed without a lag even after it was absent from the feed for periods up to 15 days. During aerobic biodegradation of DNT, reduction to 4amino-2-nitrotoluene and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene was consistently observed, with reduction at the para position predominating. The highest level of aminonitrotoluene formation was 23% of the total DNT degraded. Aminonitrotoluene isomers were consumed shortly after they formed in the semi-continuously operated reactors, confirming the potential for degradation of these metabolites. Although the aminonitrotoluene isomers are not currently regulated, their presence in treated munitions wastewater is a concern due to possible toxicity.