Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE IMPACT OF MEDICAID ON MEDICAL UTILIZATION IN A VULNERABLE POPULATION: EVIDENCE FROM COFA MIGRANTS

In March 2015, the State of Hawaii stopped covering the vast majority of migrants from countries belonging to the Compact of Free Association (COFA) in the state Medicaid program. COFA migrants were instead required to obtain private insurance in the exchanges established under the Affordable Care Act. Using statewide administrative hospital discharge data, we show that Medicaid-funded hospitalizations and emergency room visits declined in this population by 69% and 42% after the expiration of Medicaid eligibility. This decrease occurred despite the fact that low-income COFA households were eligible for state-funded premium coverage for private insurance. Utilization funded by private insurance did increase, but not enough to offset the declines in Medicaid-funded utilization. Uninsured ER visits increased as a consequence of the expiration of Medicaid benefits. Paradoxically, we also find a substantial increase in Medicaidfunded ER visits by infants after the expiration of benefits. Timothy J. Halliday University of Hawaii at Manoa 2424 Maile Way Saunders Hall 533 Honolulu, HI 96822 halliday@hawaii.edu Randall Q. Akee Department of Public Policy University of California, Los Angeles 3250 Public Policy Building Los Angeles, CA 90095 and NBER rakee@ucla.edu Tetine Sentell University of Hawaii at Manoa tsentell@hawaii.edu Megan Inada Kokua Kalihi Valley Comprehensive Family Services 2239 N School St Honolulu, HI 96819 minada@kkv.net Jill Miyamura Hawaii Health Information Corporation jmiyamura@hhic.org
Investigation of analgesic dose of nalbuphine combined with remifentanil after radical gastrectomy

Clinical analgesic effect of different doses of nalbuphine combined with remifentanil on postoperative gastric cancer patients was explored. One hundred cases of gastric cancer patients treated from December 2014 to December 2016 in the Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital were selected and separated into group A and group B. The dose in group A was 0.2 mg/kg of nalbuphine plus 0.2 µg/kg of remifentanil, and 0.3 mg/kg of nalbuphine plus 0.1 µg/kg of remifentanil in group B. Analgesia was performed by self-controlled intravenous injection. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores and the Brinell Comfort Score (BCS) at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The VAS scores in group A were higher than those in group B, but the BCS scores in group A were lower (P<0.05). Postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) press times in group A were lower than those in group B (P<0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting in group A was higher than that in group B (P<0.05). The analgesic effect of intravenous analgesia scheme of 0.3 mg/kg of nalbuphine and 0.1 µg/kg of remifentanil on gastric cancer patients after operation is better than that of 0.2 mg/kg of nalbuphine and 0.2 µg/kg of remifentanil, which reduces the incidence of adverse reactions, has greater security, and can be promoted.
An evaluation of the economics and productivity of fully mechanised tree seedling planting in Brazil

From an economic point of view, Eucalyptus is the most important forest genus in Brazil, covering more than 5 million ha. However, most of the silvicultural practices have a low level of mechanisation compared with harvesting and logging operations. This study presents an evaluation of the economics and productivity of the first Brazilian experience of using a planter device attached to an excavator boom while performing eucalypt seedling planting. A classic time-and-motion study was performed on two commercial tree spacings to evaluate the economic efficiency. Considering the final cost of planted seedlings, the wider spacing was 17% higher than narrower spacing, due to a higher productivity: 355 and 324 seedlings per productive machine hour (pmh), respectively. Total cost was 66.84 € pmh−1 and 0.21 € planted seedling−1 with wider spacing.
Kinetics Evaluation of IgM and IgG Levels in the Mice Infected with Trichinella spiralis Experimentally Using ES Antigens from Different Developmental Stages of the Parasite

Background: To assay the Trichinella-specific IgM and IgG antibody responses during the early stage of infection, serum was collected from mice infected with the muscle larvae (ML) of T. spiralis (ISS534) at different dpi (days post infection) up to 60 days. Methods: The levels of IgM and IgG antibodies in serum were measured by ES antigens from different stage of T. spiralis using the ELISA method in Shanghai, China in 2017. Results: The anti-Trichinella IgM and IgG could be detected by ES antigens from the adult three days worm (Ad3) as early as 5 dpi and 8 dpi, respectively. ES antigens from the mixture of adult six days worm & new born larvae (Ad6+NBL) was similar to Ad3. When antibodies were detected by these two antigens, the levels of IgM peaked at 14 dpi and then declined from 15 dpi to 60 dpi; the IgG peaked at 20 dpi, and gradually declined, however, higher detection levels were maintained until 60 dpi. Conclusion: Ad3 ES antigens showed more antigenicity than Ad6+NBL ES on titer detection of IgM and IgG antibodies, and the production of Ad3 ES is easier. In terms of early diagnosis, these two antigens are better than the ML ES antigens of T. spiralis, which antibodies could not be detected before 20dpi. Ad3 ES antigens might be good candidate for the early diagnosis of trichinellosis or the mixture of Ad3 and Ad6+NBL ES might be used.
Are younger cohorts in the USA and England ageing better?

BACKGROUND Whether worldwide increases in life expectancy are accompanied by a better health status is still a debate. People age differently, and there is a need to disentangle whether healthy-ageing pathways can be shaped by cohort effects. This study aims to analyse trends in health status in two large nationally representative samples of older adults from England and the USA. METHODS The sample comprised 55 684 participants from the first seven waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), and the first 11 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A common latent health score based on Bayesian multilevel item response theory was used. Two Bayesian mixed-effects multilevel models were used to assess cohort effects on health in ELSA and HRS separately, controlling for the effect of household wealth and educational attainment. RESULTS Similar ageing trends were found in ELSA (β = -0.311; p < 0.001) and HRS (β = -0.393; p < 0.001). The level of education moderated the life-course effect on health in both ELSA (β = -0.082; p < 0.05) and HRS (β = -0.084; p < 0.05). A birth-year effect was found for those belonging to the highest quintiles of household wealth in both ELSA (β = 0.125; p < 0.001) and HRS (β = 0.170; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Health inequalities have increased in recent cohorts, with the wealthiest participants presenting a better health status in both the USA and English populations. Actions to promote health in the ageing population should consider the increasing inequality scenario, not only by applying highly effective interventions, but also by making them accessible to all members of society.
ESTIMATION OF THE REQUIREMENT OF METABOLIZABLE ENERGY AND CRUDE PROTEIN FOR GROWING IN RHODE ISLAND RED CHICKENS, UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN MEXICO

The objective of the current study was to estimate the requirement of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) for growing Rhode Island Red male chickens from 17 to 119 days-old, under tropical conditions of Yucatan, Mexico. The experiment consisted in three feeding phases (17–56, 57–91, 92–119 days old), using a factorial 2x3 design for each one. Two constant ME (2900 and 3100 kcal/kg DM), and three CP concentrations (% DM) that varied with age: 22, 20 and 18% (17–56 days-old); 20, 18 and 16% (57–91 days-old); and 18, 16 and 14% (92–119 days-old) were used. Two batches of 72 Rhode Island Red male chickens each one was used; the first one for the first feeding phase and the second batch for the second and third feeding phases. Response surface procedures to obtain the best ME and CP concentrations were carried out. The body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were greater in the first feeding phase with 2900 kcal ME/kg DM in the diet; however, in the second phase there was not significant effect of energy concentration. From 17–91 days-old, the FI increased with 2900 kcal ME/kg DM in the diet. Chickens had a higher BWG from 92–119 days-old when 16% CP was included in the diet. Protein efficiency was better from 17–119 days-old when the lower CP concentration was included in the diet. In conclusion, the greatest BWG were obtained, when 2900 kcal ME/kg DM, for the three feeding phases, was used. The best approximations of CP requirement in the diet for the first, second and third feeding phases were 21.3%, 19.2% and 17.1%, respectively.
Effects of measurement error and conditional score estimation in capture-recapture models

Although the literature in covariate measurement error is rather rich, the focus is primarily on regression coefficient estimation; far less is known in the context of capture-recapture experiments. In this article, we provide justification for effects of measurement error on estimation in a capture-recapture model. When errors are present, the conventional approach is shown to have bias in parameter estimation and it may underestimate the population size. In fact, no consistent estimation has been proposed before, especially for the functional case. We propose a new conditional score estimation to adjust for measurement error in capturerecapture models. This approach estimates regression parameters and population size consistently without imposing any distributional assumption on the covariates. An example involving the bird species Prinia flaviventris is used to illustrate the effects, and intensive simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator along with other existing methods. Under most simulation scenarios, this new method is preferable since it has smaller biases and better coverage probabilities.
Speaker-Aware Discourse Parsing on Multi-Party Dialogues

Discourse parsing on multi-party dialogues is an important but difficult task in dialogue systems and conversational analysis. It is believed that speaker interactions are helpful for this task. However, most previous research ignores speaker interactions between different speakers. To this end, we present a speaker-aware model for this task. Concretely, we propose a speaker-context interaction joint encoding (SCIJE) approach, using the interaction features between different speakers. In addition, we propose a second-stage pre-training task, same speaker prediction (SSP), enhancing the conversational context representations by predicting whether two utterances are from the same speaker. Experiments on two standard benchmark datasets show that the proposed model achieves the best-reported performance in the literature. We will release the codes of this paper to facilitate future research.
Autocatalytic chemical networks preceded proteins and RNA in evolution

Modern cells embody metabolic networks containing thousands of elements and form autocatalytic molecule sets that produce copies of themselves. How the first self-sustaining metabolic networks arose at life’ s origin is a major open question. Autocatalytic molecule sets smaller than metabolic networks were proposed as transitory intermediates at the origin of life, but evidence for their role in prebiotic evolution is lacking. Here we identify reflexively autocatalytic food-generated networks (RAFs)—self-sustaining networks that collectively catalyze all their reactions—embedded within microbial metabolism. RAFs in the metabolism of ancient anaerobic autotrophs that live from H2 and CO2 generate amino acids and bases, the monomeric components of protein and RNA, and acetyl-CoA, but amino acids and bases do not generate metabolic RAFs, indicating that small-molecule catalysis preceded polymers in biochemical evolution. RAFs uncover intermediate stages in the origin of metabolic networks, narrowing the gaps between early-Earth chemistry and life.
Thermal and Chemical Unfolding of a recombinant monoclonal IgG1 antibody: Application of the Multi-State Zimm-Bragg Theory

The thermal unfolding of a recombinant monoclonal antibody IgG1 (mAb) was measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC thermograms reveal a pre-transition at 72°C with an unfolding enthalpy of ΔHcal ∼ 200-300 kcal/mol and a main transition at 85 °C with an enthalpy of ∼900 - 1000 kcal/mol. In contrast to single-domain molecules, mAb unfolding is a complex reaction that is analysed with the multi-state Zimm-Bragg theory. For the investigated mAb, unfolding is characterised by a cooperativity parameter σ ∼10−4 and a Gibbs free energy of unfolding of gnu ∼100 cal/mol per amino acid. The enthalpy of unfolding provides the number of amino acid residues v participating in the unfolding reaction. On average, v∼220±50 amino acids are involved in the pre-transition and v∼850±30 in the main transition, accounting for ∼90% of all amino acids. Thermal unfolding was further studied in the presence of guanidineHCl. The chemical denaturant reduces the unfolding enthalpy ΔHcal and lowers the midpoint temperature T0. Both parameters depend linearly on the concentration of denaturant. The guanidineHCl concentrations needed to unfold mAb at 25 °C are predicted to be 2-3 M for the pre-transition and 5-7 M for the main transition, varying with pH. GuanidineHCl binds to mAb with an exothermic binding enthalpy, which partially compensates the endothermic mAb unfolding enthalpy. The number of guanidineHCL molecules bound upon unfolding is deduced from the DSC thermograms. The bound guanidineHCl-to-unfolded amino acid ratio is 0.79 for the pre-transition and 0.55 for the main transition. The pre-transition binds more denaturant molecules and is more easily destabilised than the main transition. Overall, the current study shows the strength of the Zimm-Bragg model for the quantitative description of unfolding events of large, therapeutic proteins, such as a monoclonal antibody. Statement of significance First quantitative thermodynamic study of an antibody with differential scanning calorimetry and analyzed with the multi-state Zimm-Bragg theory.
Low occurrence of the great crested newt Triturus cristatus at the limits of its range: an alarming preliminary study

A populations are in decline worldwide (Collins & Storfer, 2003; Stuart et al., 2004). This has led to public concern, particularly because amphibians are indicator species of wetland quality (Welsh & Ollivier, 1998). The great crested newt, Triturus cristatus, is a large urodele species with a wide distribution across central and northern parts of Europe. Despite this wide distribution, southern populations have recently declined significantly in Europe (Gasc et al., 2004; Edgar & Bird, 2006; Denoël, 2012). The middle and lower Rhône valley constitutes the southern limit of its distribution range in France and in the World. Unfortunately during the 20th century, development of hydraulic infrastructure along the river reduced the area of associated functional wetlands. In this southern valley, the species is rare and only a few relict populations have been recorded in Bouches-du-Rhône (Brogard et al., 1996), in Gard (Brogard et al., 1996; Gendre & Rufray, 2005; Gendre et al., 2006; Geniez & Cheylan, 2012), in Vaucluse (Mourgues, unpublished data); in Ardèche (Parrain, 2005; Grossi, 2015) and in Drôme (Parrain, 2005 ; Parrain, 2010; Grossi, 2015). Among the recorded populations, some have been regularly monitored since the 1990’s. For the others, the latest positive data are from the early 2000’s or before. The objectives of this study were to confirm those historical presence data, to identify potential new great crested newt populations and to characterise their habitats in order to assess their status in the southernmost part of the Rhône valley. AbsTRACT The lower Rhône valley constitutes the southern limit of the great crested newt’s (Triturus cristatus) global distribution range. The initial objectives of this study were to confirm historical presence data, to identify potential new great crested newt populations and to characterise their habitats (with a Habitat Suitability Index) in order to assess their status in the lower Rhône valley. Despite the use of four different survey methods (eDNA, Ortmann traps, collapsible nylon traps, amphibian dip net), great crested newts were not detected except for one known population in Arles. HSI value results highlight the poor quality of wetlands in the studied area. Furthermore, the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii (detected in 60% of ponds) and the presence of fish (detected by sight in 50% of ponds) are known to have a negative impact on habitat quality and amphibian populations. These limiting factors might be one explanation for the critical conservation state of the T. cristatus Rhône populations. RESEARCH ARTICLE The Herpetological Bulletin 145, 2018: 14-18
Response Surface Methodology for Optimization Studies of Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from Vietnamese Citrus aurantifolia (Lemon fruit)

In this study, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation extraction technique was applied to extract the essential oil from Vietnamese Citrus aurantifolia (Lemon fruit). The optimal conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of lemon fruit oil was determined by response surface methodology. A central composite design (CCD) was used to estimate the effects of three independent variables plant material to extraction time (B: 30, 60, 90 min), microwave power (C: 300, 450, 600 W), and solvent ratio (A: 2, 3, 4 mL/g). , and on the extraction yield of Lemon fruit oil. The optimal extraction conditions of Citrus aurantifolia oil was plant material to solvent ratio 2.80 mL/g, extraction time 63.29 min and microwave power 477.82W. The maximum Lemon fruit oil yield was 2.427%. Under the extraction condition, the experimental values matched with the anticipated results by analysis of variance. It showed high fitness of the model used and the benefit of response surface methodology for optimizing and indicate the expected extraction condition.
Nasolabial flaps for nasal reconstruction: Pros and cons

Background: Nasolabial flaps are one of the most preferred methods for nasal reconstruction. Lots of modifications of nasolabial flaps were defined. V-Y or hatchet type advancement, transposition, subcutaneous pedicled, two-stage interpolation, and propeller types are commonly used. Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the nasal reconstructions with nasolabial flaps according to subunits and defining the advantages and disadvantages for each subunit. Patients and Methods: Patients whose nasal defects were reconstructed with nasolabial flaps in the last 5 years were evaluated in this study. Results: Ninety-one patients whose nasal defects were reconstructed with nasolabial flaps were included in this study. V-Y advancement, hatchet type advancement, transposition, subcutaneous pedicled, two-stage interpolation, and propeller type nasolabial flaps were used for reconstruction of defects. The most common complication was trap-door deformity that was followed by alar distortion and venous congestion. Conclusion: V-Y or hatchet type advancement flaps and subcutaneous pedicled type should be preferred for sidewalls and dorsum defects, respectively. Two-stage interpolation type gives the best results for tip region defects. Propeller and transposition type flaps should be the choice of treatment in alar region defects.
Influence of bull exposure on the behavioural intensity of estrus in Sahiwal heifers (Bos Indicus)

The present study was conducted to study the influence of the presence of a bull on the behavioural signs of estrus expressed by Sahiwal heifers. For this experiment, a total of 24 Sahiwal heifers were allotted to 3 groups (T 0 , T 1 and T 2 ) of 8 animals each, based on the age and body weight. In T 0 , the heifers were isolated from the bull; in T 1 group, the heifers were in contact with the bull through a fenceline exposure and in T2 group, the heifers were exposed through a fenceline contact (24 hours) with bull along with direct contact (for 6 hours) through another bull in the heifer shed. Estrus detection was done by bulls in T 1 and T 2 heifers group whereas in T 0 group, heifers heat expectancy chart and visual observation of behavioural signs of estrus was used for estrus detection. Overall mean intensity of sniffing/licking, tail raising, micturition, chin resting and allowing mounting attempts during silent estrus in T 0 was largely weak (88.64%) and in T 1 heifers group, intensity was weak to moderate (60.05 and 34.58 %) whereas, in T 2 group, percentage of weak, moderate and intense was 38.5 %, 27.0 % and 34.4 % respectively. The per cent mean intensity of estrus behaviour in second estrus was weak to moderate (71.875 and 28.12) in T 0 , whereas in T 1 group, intensity was largely weak to moderate (42.9 % and 41.3%) and intensity of cardinal signs of estrus in T 2 was mostly moderate to intense in nature (31.9 % and 57.7%). It can be concluded that bull biostimulation of Sahiwal heifers through direct contact plus fenceline contact was more effective in increasing estrus behaviour intensity as compared to the only fenceline contact. Most prominent cardinal symptoms of estrus in biostimulated as well as non-biostimulated Sahiwal heifers were sniffing and licking, micturition, tail raising, allowing mounting attempts and chin resting.
The estimation of semen production based on body weight and scrotal circumference on PO Bull at Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center

Ongole Crossbred cattle or more popular known as Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle is one of local breeds cattle in Indonesia. For improving the population and genetic quality, superior bull with high capacity to produce semen is seriously required. This study aimed to find out the estimation value of semen production of PO bull based on body weight and scrotal circumference. A total sampling of 9 bull candidates of PO cattle available at National Artificial Center (NAIC) Singosari, Malang, Indonesia were used in this study. The method used was case study. Scrotal circumference was directly measured as a primary data. While body weight, semen volume, semen concentration and sperm motility were collected from BBIB Singosari from secondary data. Data was analyzed using simple linear regression. The results showed that with the limited number of samples, there is no significant correlation (P>0.05) between body weight and scrotal circumference on semen volume, semen concentration, and sperm motility. It was concluded that with limited number of samples involved in this study, there was no significantly on semen production based on body weight and scrotal circumference on PO bull. The suggestion was to improve the correlation value and significant result. The number of samples should be increased.