Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTER-HOSPITAL TRANSFER OF TRAUMA PATIENTS IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A PROSPECTIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Introduction: During interhospital transfer patients are at risk due to possibility of serious complications. There are no guidelines governing the transfer of injured patients in India. It is important to identify the extent of the problem in the transfer process of the injured transferred to the trauma centre.Methods: On arrival in the Emergency Department patients were assessed for clinical status and the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). The transfer vehicle was evaluated and the accompanying transfer personnel was interviewed to record details of the transfer process, training of the transfer personnel, adequacy of the transfer vehicle and its outfitted monitoring equipment. Data communicated to the trauma centre from the referring hospitals were also collected from the transfer records. The transferred group was compared to the non-transferred group.Results: Of the 592 patients admitted, 572 consented to the study. 327 were referred patients and 245 were directly admitted patients. Patients referred from peripheral hospitals had significantly lower GCS, higher ISS, higher admission gap and longer duration of hospital stay. The date and time of injury was documented in none of the referred patients, referral time in 44 (13.71%) cases, pulse rate in 110(34.38%) patients, blood pressure in 112 (34.25%) cases. The request for transfer was made in only 3 (0.93%) cases. Twelve cases (3.66%) were accompanied by a paramedic or a nurse. Intravenous access and infusions in progress were present in 192/327 (58.71%) transferred patients. Urethral catheters were present in 49 (15.17%) patients. Only 9/327 (2.79%) transferred patients had hard cervical immobilization. Hypotension at admission defined as a systolic BP < 120mm of Hg was present in 106 referred admitted cases. Conclusion: This study suggests that the injured patients are not being transferred in a manner that is consistent with evidence based guidelines which are known to minimize the known hazards of transfer process and consequently improve outcome. Despite the efforts being made, the condition as of now is unacceptable and needs a rational referral policy contributed to and agreed by all service providers which must be strongly enforced without delay.
Physiological score SIPF (shock index and hypoxemia) is an accurate predictor of ICU admission in community-acquired pneumonia

Aims :To assess the accuracy of a new physiological score, SIPF (shock index and hypoxemia) score, as a predictor of ICU admission and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) Methods :We designed a qualitative SIPF score as the combination of shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) ›0.7 (1 point) plus PaO2/FiO2‹250 (1 point), scoring 0-2 points. We analyzed the accuracy of SIPF score compared to PSI, CURB-65 and ATS/IDSA minor criteria (mc) to predict ICU admission and mortality. We used X2 test and ROC curves to severity scores and outcomes. Results : We analyzed 1090 CAP patients: 54% showed PSI IV-V, 42.4% were CURB-65 2-5, 13.7% scored 3 or more ATS/IDSAmc, and 16.9% rated 2 points in SIPF score. Complications were developed in 90 cases (8.3%), and 75 patients (6.9%) required ICU admission. Mortality was 5.4%. Mortality according to SIPF score was: 0 points (11.9%), 1 point (40.7%), and 2 points (47.5%). ICU admission was associated with ATS/IDSAmc (OR 4.04; 95%CI 1.91-8.54), and SIPF score (OR 2.33; 95%CI 1.29-4.20). The ability to predict ICU admission was higher for SIPF scored compared to PSI (pl0.01) and CURB-65 (pl0.01) and similar to ATS/IDSAmc (p=0.636). Factors associated with mortality were: PSI IV-V (OR 7.75; 95%CI 2.23-29.96), ATS/IDSAmc (OR 2.54; 95%CI 1.38-4.70), and SIPF score (OR 2.40; 95%CI 1.03-5.58). Conclusions : 1-The ability of SIPF score to predict ICU admission in CAP is similar to that of ATS/IDSAmc and higher that of PSI and CURB-65. 2-SIPF score is as accurate as ATS/IDSAmc, PSI and CURB to predict mortality in CAP. 3- The simple SIPF score could be a useful tool to predict ICU admission and mortality in CAP.
Time course for blood pressure lowering of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.

BACKGROUND Calcium channel blockers are a heterogeneous class of drugs, including dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine subgroups, commonly used in the treatment of hypertension. A systematic review of the 24-hour time course of the blood pressure-lowering effect has not been published. OBJECTIVES To assess how much variation there is in hourly systolic and diastolic blood pressure lowering by dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers over a 24-hour period in people with hypertension aged 18 years or over, with baseline systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mmHg, or both. SEARCH METHODS We performed electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 1, 2014), MEDLINE (1946 to February 2014), EMBASE (1974 to February 2014), and ClinicalTrials.gov (to February 2014). We also screened references of published studies and reviews to identify additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomized, placebo-controlled trials assessing the hourly effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in adults with hypertension with a follow-up of at least three weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected the included trials, evaluated the risk of bias, and analyzed the data. MAIN RESULTS We included 16 randomized controlled trials of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers in this systematic review, with 2768 randomized participants. Drugs studied included amlodipine, lercanidipine, mandipine, nifedipine, and felodipine (all administered once daily) and nicardipine (administered twice daily). We analyzed and presented data by hour post dose. The blood pressure-lowering effect was stable over time; there were no clinically important differences in blood pressure-lowering effect of calcium channel blockers between each hour for either systolic blood pressure (estimated mean hourly differences ranged between 9.45 mmHg and 13.2 mmHg) or diastolic blood pressure (estimated mean hourly differences ranged between 5.85 mmHg and 8.5 mmHg). However, there was a moderate risk of bias for this finding. Once-daily dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers appeared to lower blood pressure by a relatively constant amount throughout the 24-hour dosing interval. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Six dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers studied in this review lowered blood pressure by a relatively similar amount each hour over the course of 24 hours. The benefits and harms of this pattern of blood pressure lowering are unknown. Further trials are needed with accurate recording of time of drug intake and with reporting of standard deviation of blood pressure at each hour. We did not attempt to assess adverse effects in this review due to the lack of reporting and the short duration of follow-up.
The Lambda-structure of Texts. Ioan-Iovitz Popescu, Radek Čech, and Gabriel Altmann

reactivation on the past–present axis, or, in Doruff’s contribution, in the (translocal) event itself. While Auslander discusses recorded performance, and Doruff refers to improvised music, in both cases the interface channels and filters the distribution of affective intensities. Interfaces of Performance is a book worth reading. Fortunately, developments in the field of performance do not live up to the speed of technological innovations; despite the publication date (2009) the essays have not lost their relevance. A few critical remarks are in place though. The book argues for new paradigms but fails to include some of the paradigms that are already there. Apart from a small hint, Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory is remarkably absent, as is John McKenzie’s theory on technological and organizational performance, introduced in Perform or Else (Routledge, 2001). The discourse on intermediality in performance is hardly referenced, part of which explicitly addresses the redistributive qualities of in-between zones, and Steve Dixon and Gabriella Giannachi deserve more than sideline appearances in commentaries. Next, the argument for creative theory is of course valid, however, I find some of the explicitly creative contributions to have far less ‘interfacing’ potential than the perhaps more conventional essays. But all in all Interfaces of Performance is a rich collection, full of stimulating ideas. Although theatre and performance often appear to be on the marginal side of contemporary society, this collection proves that performative practices are precisely the platforms for critical and playful explorations of how (digital) technology stages and transforms perception and understanding. This potential materializes in what Primavesi names a strategy of exposure, in his discussion of Gob Squad, a company that often hinges on the imperfection and failure of technology, in order to make room for cooperative experimentation. It is also a strategy of moving beyond the spectacle of society and simulacra, as Maria X and Matt Adams jointly observe in their inspiring dialogue; of carrying out virtual experiences into the real. While interfacing with digital identities and technologically enhanced environments, it turns out that it is (still) the potential of the lived experience to investigate and invest in our modes of engagement with the world.
The use of sensory integration therapy in Malaysia and Singapore by special education teachers in early intervention settings

Abstract Background Sensory integration (SI) therapy is an intervention widely used with children with disability despite the lack of evidence regarding its efficacy. Method A questionnaire was distributed to early intervention teachers in Malaysia and Singapore. Information was sought on how early intervention teachers learned about SI therapy, the forms of SI therapy they used, and the benefits they expected. Results Many activities reported as SI therapy were common early intervention activities. Teachers appeared to be particularly interested in SI therapy as an intervention for challenging behaviours related to sensory stimuli but had difficulty explaining how the therapy resulted in the benefits they perceived. Teachers also reported limited monitoring of student outcomes when using SI therapy. Conclusions In light of the very weak evidence for the efficacy of SI therapy, but noting that the intervention continues to be used, it is recommended that good monitoring practices are maintained by teachers. The intervention should be discontinued where clear progress is not evident. Teachers and therapists need additional training in evidence-based practices. Further, alternative intervention strategies should be considered for challenging behaviours related to sensory stimuli.
Viruses, Evolution and Cancer

casualty or emergency departments this is a very impornt part of the work of the casualty officers. In every section of the book it is reconmended that patients should have specimens taken for blood ciesniistry investigations, x-rays (of what? ), or E.K. G. (E.C.G. to British readers). However, it is rare that the fmdings from these investigations are discussed at all. The one exception to this statement, however, is on the chapter to do with cardiac massage in whidh the tracings from an E.C. G. are discussed very helpfully. The one exception to my statement about superficial sepsis is in the treatnent of quinsy in the secdon on ear, nose, and throt emergencies. The subtitle of this book is "Assessment and Intervention" in emergency care, but there is no description at all of the differences betwee,n a quinsy and a grossly enlrged and inflamed septic tonsil. I wonder if the surgeon wiho describes the treatment of established quinsy has ever seen one of these in real life. He is certainly not describing the quinsy I saw in the 20 years before retirement. For these reasons I would not recomnmend that any hospital should buy this book as a standard of work reference for its casualty department. I am sure many consultants would find it of interest, but to put it in the 'hands of the newly qualified or for it to be a book of reference would be inappropriate in British hospitals.
Hubungan antara pemberian asi eksklusif dengan angka kejadian diare pada bayi umur 0-6 bulan di puskesmas gilingan kecamatan Banjarsari Surakarta

WINDA WIJAYANTI, G0006168, 2010. Hubungan antara Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Angka Kejadian Diare pada Bayi Umur 0-6 bulan di Puskesmas Gilingan Kecamatan Banjarsari Surakarta Tujuan : ASI dapat memberi perlindungan kepada bayi melalui berbagai zat kekebalan yang dikandungnya. Diare masih merupakan salah satu penyakit utama pada bayi di Indonesia sampai saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan angka kejadian diare pada bayi umur 0-6 bulan. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah seluruh bayi yang berusia 0-6 bulan di Puskesmas Gilingan Kecamatan Banjarsari Surakarta dengan menggunakan total sampling. Subyek akan diklasifikasikan menjadi kelompok yang mendapat ASI Eksklusif dan tidak. Riwayat diare ditanyakan pada setiap orang tua bayi. Data dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS)16 for Windowsdengan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil : Subyek penelitian berjumlah 60 bayi yang terdiri atas 30 bayi mendapatkan ASI Eksklusif yang terdiri dari 6 bayi mengalami diare dan 24 bayi tidak mengalami diare sedangkan 30 bayi tidak mendapatkan ASI Eksklusif yang terdiri dari 20 bayi mengalami diare dan 10 bayi tidak mengalami diare. Hasil signifikansi menghasilkan p<0,05 dengan nilai signifikan 0,000 yang berarti signifikan atau bermakna. Simpulan : Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan kejadian diare. Kata Kunci : ASI Eksklusif -diare
Choice and Sources of Antimalarial Drugs Used for Self-medication in Kisumu, Western Kenya

Background : The choice and sources of antimalarial drugs used for self-medication has important implication to the current malaria treatment policies in Kenya. However, data on the choice of antimalarial drugs used for self-medication and their sources remains scanty. Objectives : The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of self-medication, the choice and sources of antimalarial drugs used for malaria self-medication in Kisumu city, Western Kenya. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional community based study, in which semi-structured questionnaires were randomly administered to 338 participants, in five administrative wards of Kisumu city. Results: Overall, 250 (74%) of the participants reported self-medication for perceived malaria illness. Of the 250 participants, 219 (87.6%) had used an antimalarial drug(s), while 31 (12.4%) took other drugs (antipyretics and herbs), which they perceived to have antimalarial effect. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT), was the drug of choice for majority 154 (70.3%) of those who had self-medicated. The other antimalarials used were sulphadoxine/sulphalene-pyrimethamine 25 (11.4%), amodiaquine 11 (5%), chloroquine 5 (2.3%), quinine 2 (0.9%), dihydroartemisinin 1 (0.5%), halofantrene 1 (0.5%) and 20 (9%) of participants had used two different antimalarials. The antimalarial drugs were sourced from private pharmacies/chemists (78.4%), general retail shops (29.2%), left over drugs at home (1.6%), or friends, relatives and neighbors (2.8%). Conclusion: Self-medication for perceived malaria is prevalent in Kisumu city. ACT is the drug of choice for self-medication. However, a substantial proportion of individuals use currently ineffective antimalarials or other drugs, for example antipyretics, with no known antimalarial efficacy. Pharmacies/chemists and general retail shops are the major sources for self-prescribed drugs. Key words: Self-medication, antimalarial drugs, choices, sources
Respiratory health in the past : a bioarchaeological study of chronic maxillary sinusitis and rib periostitis from the Iron Age to the Post Medieval Period in Southern England

Respiratory disease has affected human populations throughout our history and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality today. In spite of this, there is a dearth of bioarchaeological research on this important subject. Previous research has suggested a relationship between poor air quality and the prevalence of chronic maxillary sinusitis and rib periostitis. These conditions have many causes (e.g. congenital disorders, allergies, poor air quality, climate, infectious disease). Chronic maxillary sinusitis and rib periostitis are recognised as bone formation and/or destruction, indicating long-term inflammation of the soft tissues of the sinuses and ribs in some upper and lower respiratory tract conditions. If air quality is a significant contributor to respiratory disease, the highest prevalence rates would be expected in populations exposed to high concentrations of indoor and outdoor pollutants. This study examines 12 skeletal samples from cemeteries located in southern England, ranging in date from the Iron Age to the Post Medieval Period. The samples were chosen to examine both synchronic and diachronic trends in respiratory disease, contrasting contemporaneous populations living in rural and urban contexts, as well as populations from high and low social status groups. A total of 1203 individuals were examined for this study. Of these, 1101 had at least one sinus preserved, and of these individuals, 546 (49.6%) had sinusitis in one or both sinuses. A total of 2091 sinuses were recorded. Of these, 854 (40.8%) had chronic maxillary sinusitis. 50.42% of 720 males and analysed had sinusitis and 47.85% of 372 females (not significant). Prevalence rates ranged from 30.6% (Post Medieval) to 75.44% (Iron Age) for chronic maxillary sinusitis and 1.59% (Iron Age) to 29.7% (Post Medieval) for rib periostitis, but, when combining the skeletal and archaeological/historical data, the hypothesis posed is not consistently supported. Based on archaeological evidence for lifestyle and housing, these results suggest that the causes of respiratory disease are more complex than this current hypothesis presumes.
Study of Diabetes in Dharwad- an Urban Area in India

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is reaching epidemic levels worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of people with DM is expected to rise from 171million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030, as a result of population ageing and urbanization. Majority of the people with DM in developing countries are in productive age group of 45 to 64 years. Keeping the above concept in mind, a cross sectional study was carried out in the Urban Health Training Centre to assess the socio demographic profile and its association with the risk factors of diabetes. Data was collected on a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire among the patients attending the urban centre OPD. Chi-square test and other appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis of the data. Significant association was found between family history, physical exercise and BMI with occurrence of diabetes. Life style and behaviour have significant association with diabetes.
Analyses "génome entier de la cohorte GRIV de patients à profil extrême du SIDA

After 25 years of intensive research, there is still no definitive cure or vaccine for AIDS and molecular mechanisms of AIDS pathogenesis are still not fully elucidated. Nowadays, genotyping by high-density arrays scanning the whole human genome allows discovery of unsuspected genetic risk factors influencing disease development. We performed such a systematic genetic approach on the HIV-1+ patients from the GRIV cohort in order to reveal new leads to fight HIV-1 infection. A first genome-wide association study was carried out by comparing the long-term non-progressors from the GRIV cohort (HIV-1 seropositive and asymptomatic subjects for more than 8 years with no antiretroviral treatment and a CD4 T-cell count consistently above 500/mm3) with seronegative controls. The major role of HLA region both in long-term non-progression and viral load control was thus confirmed. A second genome-wide association study was undertaken by comparing the rapid progressors from the GRIV cohort (HIV-1 seropositive subjects with two or more CD4 T-cell counts below 300/mm3 less than 3 years after the last seronegative testing) with seronegative controls. We identified six independent associations with rapid progression, involving the PRMT6, SOX5, RXRG and TGFBRAP1 genes, which underlies the central role for controlling viral replication and inflammation. Finally, in order to focus on genetic factors impacting on long-term non-progression without controlling viral load at very low level, we performed a genome-wide association study by comparing the long-term non-progressors who were not ‘elites controllers’ (i. E. With a viral load >100 copies/mL) with seronegative controls. A CXCR6 polymorphism was thus highlighted and replicated in three independent cohorts. This association is the sole genome-wide association result confirmed outside the HLA region in the context of HIV-1 infection. These genome-wide approaches unravelled new genetic factors contributing to AIDS pathogenesis, which confirmed the power of this methodology. There is still a need for innovative and alternative bioinformatics strategies to explore these precious data in order to better understand the disease and develop new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Promoting institutional deliveries in rural India: the role of antenatal-care services.

This report examines the role of existing antenatal-care services in promoting institutional delivery in the rural areas of Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Bihar and Rajasthan. Other factors influencing the likelihood of delivering in a medical institution are statistically controlled when estimating the effects of antenatal care on institutional delivery. Logistic regression is used for this purpose. Data for analysis are taken from Indias first and second National Family Health Surveys. Overall results indicate that even after statically controlling for other factors mothers who received antenatal check-ups are 2 to 5 times more likely to give birth in a medical institution than mothers who did not receive any antenatal check-up. This result suggests that it is possible to promote institutional delivery by promoting antenatal check-ups and associated counseling. Initiatives should focus on expanding the availability and quality of services at existing facilities as well as counseling and educating mothers about the importance of giving birth in medical institutions under the supervision of trained professionals.