Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and precision of a portable anticoagulation monitor in a clinical setting.

BACKGROUND Office-based anticoagulation monitors offer significant advantages in convenience, yet their performance has been inadequately characterized. METHODS We characterized the performance of a portable anticoagulation monitoring system with respect to precision and agreement with a reference laboratory. Eighty-five patients from a university outpatient anticoagulation clinic provided 143 whole blood sample pairs for evaluating agreement between the monitor and the laboratory. Fifty-four patients each provided a second pair of samples for assessing the monitor's precision, and 23 pairs of measurements from the reference laboratory were used for assessing the laboratory's precision. Anticoagulation was measured using International Normalized Ratio (INR) values. Agreement between monitor and laboratory was evaluated as the difference between paired measurements. Precision was calculated as the within-patient standard deviation based on paired values. RESULTS Within the range of 2.0 to 3.0 INR units, the monitor yielded values that were up to 0.3 units higher on average than the laboratory values. Within the range of greater than 3.0 to 4.5 INR units, the monitor yielded values that were up to 0.5 units lower on average than the laboratory values. Seventy-five percent of paired monitor and laboratory values were within 0.7 INR units; 90% were within 0.9 units. Within-patient standard deviation was 0.23 units for the monitor and 0.19 units for the laboratory. CONCLUSIONS The monitor differed systematically from the laboratory and was moderately less precise. The magnitude of these effects was not great, however, and accuracy was best at around INR = 3.0, the border between low and high therapeutic ranges. The clinic-based monitor is useful for patients requiring frequent surveillance of anticoagulation status.
Real Time Modeling and Control in Plasma Arc Fabrication of Intermetallic Coatings

Successful fabrication of intermetallic coatings on surfaces of manufacturing interest involves regulation of the temperature/ concentration dynamic distributions that develop in the molten layer during the thermal and reaction process. Modeling the spatio-temporal dynamics of this metallurgical process, however, requires partial differential equations that are cumbersome to solve on-line, as part of a real time reference model to the controller. To this end, we present a computationally parallel and meshless model to decipher the dynamics of the thermal coating process and to permit real time monitoring and control of the resulting coating microstructure. The analytical model, which is solved numerically using Matlab, is validated with nickel aluminide coatings processed on a robotic plasma arc laboratory station, through in-process infrared thermal sensing and off-line metallographic analysis. A proportional-integral control scheme, that involves on-line parameter identification and model adaptation, is also developed to facilitate the successful production of binary metal system coatings that exhibit the desired microstructure geometry and characteristics.
View-based query determinacy and rewritings over graph databases. (Vues et requêtes sur les graphes de données : déterminabilité et réécritures)

Graph databases appear naturally in various scenarios, such as social networks and the semantic Web. In these cases, the information contained in the database lies as much in the data itself as in the topology of the graph, that is, in how the data points are linked together. This leads to considering traditional database theory questions for query languages that return data nodes based on the paths of the graph connecting them. We focus our attention on the view-based query determinacy and rewriting problems. They ask the question whether a view of the database contains enough information to fully answer a query without accessing the database directly. If so, we then want to express the answer to the query directly with regards to the view. This setting occurs in many applications, such as data integration and query optimization. We start by comparing these two tasks to other common task in this setting: computing certain answers, checking consistency of a view instance and updating it. We then build on these results in two specific cases. First, we show that for regular path queries, the existence of a monotone rewriting coincides with the existence of a rewriting expressible in Datalog. Then, we show that for views that only consider the lengths of the path in the graph, we can decide a weaker form of determinacy, called asymptotic determinacy, and produce first-order rewritings for the queries that are asymptotically determined.
Audiovisual Training Effects for Japanese Children Learning English /r/-/l/

In this study, the effects of audiovisual training were examined for Japanese children learning the English /r/-/l/ contrast. After 10 audiovisual training sessions, participants’ improvement in English /r/-/l/ identification in audiovisual, visual-only and audio-only conditions was assessed. The results demonstrated that Japanese children significantly improved in their English /r/-/l/ identification accuracy in all three conditions. Although there was no significant modality effect on identification accuracy at pre test, the participants improved their identification accuracy in the audiovisual condition significantly more than in the audio-only condition. The improvement in the audiovisual condition was not significantly different from that in the visual-only condition. These results suggest that Japanese children can improve their identification accuracy of the English /r/-/l/ contrasts using each of visual and auditory modalities, and they appear to improve their lipreading skills as much as audiovisual identification. Nonetheless, due to the ceiling effect in their improvement, it is unclear whether Japanese children improved their integrated processing of visual and auditory information.
Study of Instructional Improvement The Study of Instructional Improvement Conceptual Paper

** The research reported in this paper was partially supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Education to the Consortium for Policy Research in Education (Grant # OERI-R308A60003), the National Science Foundation’s Interagency Educational Research Initiative (Grant # REC 9979863), and the Atlantic Philanthropies. Opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Education to the Consortium for Policy Research in Education, the National Science Foundation, and the Atlantic Philanthropies. Study of Instructional Improvement The Study of Instructional Improvement
EHRLICHIA SPP. IN CERVIDS FROM CALIFORNIA

Blood samples from six mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 15 black-tailed deer (O. hemionus columbianus), and 29 elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) were assayed for human monocytic and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and serology to determine whether or not cervids are involved in the maintenance of these potential human pathogens in California (USA). The deer were sampled in August to October 1992–95. The 29 tule elk from Point Reyes National Seashore were sampled in August 1997. All deer were seronegative for antibodies to HGE/Ehrlichia equi, while the E. equi seroprevalence among elk was 17%. The 16S rDNA PCR prevalence in deer was 38% (in mule deer and black-tailed deer) for Ehrlichia-like sp. of white-tailed deer, 5% (one black-tailed deer only) for E. equi, and 0% for E. chaffeensis. The PCR prevalence in elk was 0% for Ehrlichia-like sp. of white-tailed deer, 31% for E. equi, and 0% for E. chaffeensis. The E. equi from two positive elk samples was successfully propagated in HL-60 cell cultures. DNA sequencing confirmed that the Ehrlichia-like sp. sequences from deer in California were closely related to sequences reported from white-tailed deer from Oklahoma and Georgia. The E. equi strain from deer and elk resembled other E. equi strains from California. These results suggest that cervids may be important in the natural maintenance of E. equi in California.
Lower energy expenditure predicts long-term increases in weight and fat mass.

CONTEXT The relevance of the contribution of energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation to weight change has not been fully confirmed. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether metabolic parameters measured in a whole room indirect calorimeter are predictive of long-term body weight change. SETTING The study was conducted at a clinical research unit in Phoenix, Arizona, from 1985 to 2005. PARTICIPANTS A total of 612 healthy subjects (384 males and 228 females; aged 29.5 ± 8.1 years; body mass index 33.0 ± 8.7 kg/m(2); percent body fat 30.9 ± 9.6%), including 422 Native Americans and 190 whites. Follow-up data were available for 292 Native Americans with a median follow-up time of 6.7 years (interquartile range 3.9-10.5). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Twenty-four-hour EE, sleeping metabolic rate, daily (fed) and sleeping (fasting) respiratory quotient, and carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates were measured during a 24-hour respiratory chamber. Body composition was assessed by underwater weighing or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS After accounting for demographic and body composition measures, the remaining variance of 24-hour EE was inversely related to the rate of weight change (ρ = -0.158, P = .007) and fat mass change (ρ = -0.179, P = .012), such that 100 kcal below the expected 24-hour EE corresponded to 0.2 kg/y weight gain, of which 0.1 kg/y was fat mass. Deviations from the predicted values of the sleeping metabolic rate (ρ = -0.121, P = .039) and fed respiratory quotient (ρ = 0.119, P = .042) were also associated with future weight change, whereas the fat oxidation rate was inversely associated with weight change in men (ρ = -0.174, P = .024) but not in women (ρ = 0.018, P = .853). CONCLUSIONS Measures of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation are predictors of long-term weight change, indicating a small but significant role for reduced metabolic rate in weight gain.
Imported malaria in children in the UK

Children are particularly at risk from malaria since symptoms can be especially severe and can develop rapidly. Deterioration is related to rapid increases in parasite density, which probably relate to the lower red blood cell mass and immunological immaturity in children.1 Symptoms may differ from those in adults and, as children often have febrile illnesses, malaria may not be suspected. Young children may be less likely to report specific symptoms and are more likely to have higher fevers and greater vomiting and hypoglycaemia than adults. The occurrence of side effects of antimalarial drugs is also different in children2 and they can have greater difficulty in retaining drugs given by mouth, partly because of the bitter taste of some antimalarial drugs. Cases of imported malaria in children are increasing and it is timely to consider the background to this problem and to review approaches to prevention and management. From 1 January to 31 December 1995 there were 2055 cases of imported malaria in the UK reported to the Malaria Reference Laboratory, of which 306 (14.9%) occurred in children less than 15 years of age (personal communication, 1996). For comparison, in the Netherlands a lower proportion of all cases of imported malaria between 1991 and 1994 occurred in children (26/280; 9.3%). 3 Figure 1 shows the number of children with malaria in the UK over the past five years grouped into three age categories. There is little difference in occurrence between these age groups, although there were fewer cases in younger children (1–5 years) for three of the five years shown. It is not known how many of the infants had congenital malaria. Most cases of malaria in children since 1991 have been due to Plasmodium falciparum (56.0%), with P vivax accounting for 35.7% (table 1). Overall the ratio of …
EEP L EARNING WITH L OGGED B ANDIT F EEDBACK

We propose a new output layer for deep neural networks that permits the use of logged contextual bandit feedback for training. Such contextual bandit feedback can be available in huge quantities (e.g., logs of search engines, recommender systems) at little cost, opening up a path for training deep networks on orders of magnitude more data. To this effect, we propose a counterfactual risk minimization approach for training deep networks using an equivariant empirical risk estimator with variance regularization, BanditNet, and show how the resulting objective can be decomposed in a way that allows stochastic gradient descent training. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by showing how deep networks – ResNets in particular – can be trained for object recognition without conventionally labeled images.
Changes in Neuronal Migration in Neocortex of Connexin43 Null Mutant Mice

To identify a neural phenotype in connexin43 null mutant mice, electrophysiological properties, intercellular communication and neuronal migration were studied in the developing neocortex. In acute slice preparations from newborn mice, electrophysiological characteristics of cortical and hippocampal neurons were not significantly different between wild type and null mutant mice. However, gap junctional coupling as assessed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was significantly attenuated in neocortical brain slices of null mutant mice. To assess neuronal migration, dividing cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on embryonic days 12, 14 and 16, respectively, corresponding to the period of cortical neurogenesis, and the neocortex examined 2 or 3 days after the labeling. BrdU-labeled cells were distributed in the neocortical wall with a significant change in the pattern in the neocortex of the null mutant, where labeled cells accumulated in the intermediate zone or in the inner part of the cortical plate. The result suggests a significant delay in neocortical neuronal migration in the connexin43 null mutants, and a possible role of connexin43 in this process through yet unidentified mechanisms.
Antidepressant-like properties of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and cholinergic dependency in a genetic rat model of depression

We explored the antidepressant-like properties of two phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in a genetic animal model of depression, namely Flinders sensitive line rats. We investigated the dose-dependency of the antidepressant-like action of sildenafil, and its interaction with the cholinergic system and behavioural correlates of monoaminergic neurotransmission, in the forced swim test. Antidepressant-like properties of tadalafil (a structurally distinct PDE5 inhibitor) were also evaluated. Flinders sensitive line rats were treated for 14 days with vehicle, fluoxetine, atropine or PDE5 inhibitors±atropine. Immobility, swimming and climbing behaviours were assessed in the forced swim test. In combination with atropine (1 mg/kg), both sildenafil (10, 20 mg/kg) and tadalafil (10 mg/kg) decreased immobility while increasing swimming (serotonergic) and climbing (noradrenergic) behaviours. Interestingly, sildenafil (3 mg/kg) decreased immobility while selectively increasing climbing behaviour in the absence of atropine. These results suggest that the antidepressant-like activity of PDE5 inhibitors involve alterations in monoaminergic neurotransmission, but involve a dependence on inherent cholinergic tone so that the final response is determined by the relative extent of activation of these systems. Furthermore, the behavioural profile of sildenafil alone, and its observed antidepressant-like properties, shows strict dose-dependency, with only higher doses showing an interaction with the cholinergic system.
Distribution of larval anisakids in blue whiting off Portuguese fish market

SummarySpecimens of Micromesistius poutassou (n=238) obtained in a fish market of Oporto, Portugal, were examined for the presence of larval anisakids. Anisakis sp. L3 larvae (prevalence = 77.7 %; mean intensity = 5.8; mean abundance = 4.5) and Hysterothylacium sp. L3 larvae (prevalence = 5 %; mean intensity = 4.1; mean abundance = 0.2) were found in body cavity, mesenteries, liver and muscles. The Anisakis sp. intensity and abundance were significantly related to the host body length. The percentage of Anisakis sp. in muscle was inversely related to the host length.
Electroconvulsive therapy for treatment of late-onset obsessive compulsive disorder

ABSTRACT An 81-year-old female with no previous psychiatric history presented with late-onset obsessive compulsive disorder following an acute right macular hemorrhage and loss of vision. Following a thorough organic screen to exclude a physical cause, various high doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were tried with no therapeutic benefit. The patient had significant remission of her symptoms following a course of electroconvulsive therapy.
Assessing breast cancer angiogenesis in vivo: which susceptibility contrast MRI biomarkers are relevant?

There is an impending need for noninvasive biomarkers of breast cancer angiogenesis to evaluate the efficacy of new anti‐angiogenic therapies in vivo. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the sensitivity of in vivo steady‐state susceptibility contrast‐MRI biomarkers of angiogenesis in a human breast cancer model.
Follicular center cell lymphoma. Morphologic data relating to observer reproducibility

Subjectivity and observer variation in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma continues to plague current classification schemes. It was thought important to assess objectively derived morphometric data to see if three categories of follicular center cell (FCC) lymphomas, follicular small cleaved cell, follicular mixed small cleaved and large cell, and diffuse and nodular large cell, actually fall into distinctly separate classes based on nuclear parameters. Mean nuclear area, contour index and invagination depth of neoplastic lymphocytes, and the percentage of invaginated and clefted nuclear profiles in each example of FCC lymphoma were evaluated by three different approaches. Results obtained from distribution of the morphometric data in scatter diagrams, calculation of the overlap index, and linear regression values, all revealed considerable (but variable) degrees of overlap between the three FCC subtypes regardless of the nuclear parameter employed. Where separation between FCC lymphomas was maximal, although still incomplete, there was no consistent correlation between the nuclear parameter and the pair of FCC lymphomas being compared. At least in terms of nuclear morphological features, non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas of FCC type seem to represent a continuum of one disease process. The information provides a basis for understanding some reasons underlying the problem of observer variation in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Narrowband interference rejection in OFDM via carrier interferometry spreading codes

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) has gained a great deal of attention of late and is considered a strong candidate for many next generation wireless communication systems. However, OFDM (in its current implementation) does not demonstrate robustness to narrowband interference. In our earlier work, we showed how carrier interferometry (CI) spreading codes may be applied to spread OFDM symbols over all N subcarriers. This allows OFDM to exploit frequency diversity and improve performance (without loss in throughput). In this paper, we show that, by spreading OFDM symbols over all N subcarriers via CI spreading codes, the resulting CI/OFDM system is also capable of suppressing narrowband interference. Simulation results over AWGN and multi-path fading channels confirm CI/OFDM's robustness in the presence of narrowband interference.
Type I and II positive allosteric modulators differentially modulate agonist‐induced up‐regulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Long‐term treatment with nicotine or selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists increases the number of α7 nAChRs and this up‐regulation may be involved in the mechanism underlying the sustained procognitive effect of these compounds. Here, we investigate the influence of type I and II α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) on agonist‐induced α7 nAChR up‐regulation. We show that the type II PAMs, PNU‐120596 (10 μM) or TQS (1 and 10 μM), inhibit up‐regulation, as measured by protein levels, induced by the α7 nAChR agonist A‐582941 (10 nM or 10 μM), in SH‐EP1 cells stably expressing human α7 nAChR, whereas the type I PAMs AVL‐3288 or NS1738 do not. Contrarily, neither type I nor II PAMs affect 10 μM nicotine‐induced receptor up‐regulation, suggesting that nicotine and A‐582941 induce up‐regulation through different mechanisms. We further show in vivo that 3 mg/kg PNU‐120596 inhibits up‐regulation of the α7 nAChR induced by 10 mg/kg A‐582941, as measured by [125I]‐bungarotoxin autoradiography, whereas 1 mg/kg AVL‐3288 does not. Given that type II PAMs decrease desensitization of the receptor, whereas type I PAMs do not, these results suggest that receptor desensitization is involved in A‐582941‐induced up‐regulation. Our results are the first to show an in vivo difference between type I and II α7 nAChR PAMs, and demonstrate an agonist‐dependent effect of type II PAMs occurring on a much longer time scale than previously appreciated. Furthermore, our data suggest that nicotine and A‐582941 induce up‐regulation through different mechanisms, and that this confers differential sensitivity to the effects of α7 nAChR PAMs. These results may have implications for the clinical development of α7 nAChR PAMs.
Neutron electric dipole moment using $N_{f} =2+1+1$ twisted mass fermions

We evaluate the neutron electric dipole moment $\vert \vec{d}_N\vert$ using lattice QCD techniques. The gauge configurations analyzed are produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration using $N_f{=}2{+}1{+}1$ twisted mass fermions at one value of the lattice spacing of $a \simeq 0.082 \ {\rm fm}$ and a light quark mass corresponding to $m_{\pi} \simeq 373 \ {\rm MeV}$. Our approach to extract the neutron electric dipole moment is based on the calculation of the $CP$-odd electromagnetic form factor $F_3(Q^2)$ for small values of the vacuum angle $\theta$ in the limit of zero Euclidean momentum transfer $Q^2$. The limit $Q^2 \to 0$ is realized either by adopting a parameterization of the momentum dependence of $F_3(Q^2)$ and performing a fit, or by employing new position space methods, which involve the elimination of the kinematical momentum factor in front of $F_3(Q^2)$. The computation in the presence of a $CP$-violating term requires the evaluation of the topological charge ${\cal Q}$. This is computed by applying the cooling technique and the gradient flow with three different actions, namely the Wilson, the Symanzik tree-level improved and the Iwasaki action. We demonstrate that cooling and gradient flow give equivalent results for the neutron electric dipole moment. Our analysis yields a value of $\vert \vec{d}_N\vert=0.045(6)(1)\ \bar{\theta} \ e \cdot {\rm fm}$ for the ensemble with $m_\pi=373$ MeV considered.