Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Critical Level and Optimum Nitrogen Rate Determination on Bread Wheat for Sustainable Soil Fertility Management and Economical Production at Lume Area of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Nutrient management is indispensable for crop production and productivity increments on different soil types. Therefore soil nutrient calibration study is pertinent to increase efficiency use of inorganic fertilizer like DAP and Urea. Based on this understanding site specific soil test based crop response studies for P on bread wheat was made from year 2010-2012 at Lume district. The objective of the experiment was to determine economically optimum N, Phosphorus critical (Pc) and Phosphorus requirement factor. The experimental treatments was developed by factorial combination of four levels of N (0, 46, 92 and 138 Kg ha-1) and P (0, 23, 46 and 92 Kg ha-1) chemical fertilizer that laid out in randomized complete block design with two replications and 40m 2 plot area for each. After 21 days, intensive composite soil samples were collected from each plot for the determination of available P in ppm. Plant height, biomass and grain yield data were collected from 9m 2 . The collected data were subjected to two way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of SAS (SAS, 2001). Comparison of treatment means was performed using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference test at P < 0.05 probability level. The application of N indicated that significant difference between plant height, biomass and grain yield of bread wheat. However the application of P was not significant on plant height, straw yield and grain yield at Lume whereas the interaction effect of N and P application on grain yield, plant height and straw yield correlation was significant. Furthermore, the study was revealed that phosphorus critical (Pc) point for bread wheat was 19 , and phosphorus requirement factor were also 4.92 . In addition, a partial budget analysis made using the annual average bread wheat grains prices showed 46 kg N ha -1 gave a marginal rate of return of 187%, which is above acceptable minimum rate of return. Keywords : P- critical, P- requirement factor, partial budget, Acceptable minimum rate of return
Systematic review on mycobacterium bovis as potential cause of tuberculosis to humans in Ethiopia.

Mycobacterium bovis is a zoonotic pathogen; widely distributed throughout the world having a range of hosts imposing great risk to the public particularly for those who had direct contact with cattle. This manuscript was compiled by reviewing published literatures to know the magnitude/distribution of M. bovis and its public health significance in Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study designs were selected and studies done since 2002-2011 were reviewed. Lesions, milk, sputum, and fine needle aspirate were taken from animals and human, respectively. In this review, 309 and 21 M. bovis isolates were recorded from animal and human samples, respectively. The isolation of M. bovis from human cases in Ethiopia indicates how the agent is a potential risk to the public.
Multivariate Analysis of Metal Levels in Paddy Soil, Rice Plants, and Rice Grains: A Case Study from Shakargarh, Pakistan

The present study aims at determining the relationship between trace metal levels in paddy soils, rice plants, and rice grains obtained from these plants. The levels of selected metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the soil, rice plants, and rice grain samples collected from paddy fields. All the metals were present at enhanced levels in paddy soil. Among the selected metals, Fe, Ni, Cd, and Cr were predominantly associated with oxidizable fraction. The metals such as Cr, Ni, Co, and Fe were significantly positively correlated in soil and plants, but no such correlation was observed in soil-grain matrix evidencing that these metals have a soil-based origin in the plants, but they were not translocated to grains. The Pb content of soil was strongly positively correlated with plants as well as the grains. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to depict the origin of enhanced metal levels in rice plants. Under the given field conditions, different metals possess different translocation behaviours from soil to roots to shoots to grains. There is a dire need to implement the strategies for wise and optimum use of agrochemicals.
Hysteretic model of the grand piano hammer felt

The experimental relationships of dynamic force versus grand piano hammer felt deformation show the significant influence of hysteresis characteristics. To explain this phenomenon, a new mathematical model of the hammer felt is proposed. In this model the hammer felt is considered as a nonlinear history‐dependent (hysteretic) material with an exponential kernel function. The numerical simulation of interaction of the hammer with a fixed target was used to identify the nonlinear and hysteresis parameters of the felt, and good agreement with experiments was achieved. Also, this model is used here for the analysis of interaction of the hammer with a real grand piano string.
THE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF LIMESTONE POWDER ON THEPROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE

Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) is highly flowable, stable concrete that can spread readily into place and fill the formwork without any consolidation and without undergoing any significant segregation. In recent years, self-compacting concrete has gained wide application in the construction industry. The paste of SCC requires high viscosity as well as high deformability. Stability and flowability of SCC is achieved by increasing the solid fraction of paste phase of concrete i.e. increasing the cement content or employment of some mineral admixtures. However, increasing the cement content is not feasible, and may cause high cost and some other technical problems such as higher heat of hydration and higher drying shrinkage. Alternatively, pozzolanic fillers are frequently used to optimise the particle packing and flow behaviour of cementitious paste in SCC mixtures. In this study, cement content in the SCC mix is replaced with various percentages of limestone powder (LP) (0 to 30%), the fresh and hardened properties and also the durability characteristics of SCC such as acid attack and chloride attack are studied. The experimental results were validated by regression analysis. It is observed that limestone powder can be effectively used as a mineral additive in SCC
Hierarchical Bayesian methods for survey sampling and other applications

In model-based survey sampling hierarchical Bayesian (HB) methods have gained immense popularity. One of the major reasons for this popularity remains the convenience in implementation of HB models using MCMC methods even when the models are complex. An inevitable part of this approach is the elicitation of priors for the parameters involved in the model. Authentic expert information can be incorporated by assigning suitable subjective prior distribution to the parameters. In Bayesian analysis nonsubjective or objective priors are assigned to the parameters when reliable subjective information is unavailable. In survey sampling, situations often arise when subjective prior information is unavailable; in such situations noninformative or objective Bayesian methods have great relevance. In this dissertation we study various noninformative HB models which combine information from multiple sources. These models are extensively used in small area estimation. In the first chapter we discuss the outline of the dissertation. In the next two chapters we provide robust small area estimation models which account for possible presence of outliers under two different scenarios. In the fourth chapter we develop robust Bayesian predictors of small area means which account for the possibility when random small area effects are not present for some small areas. In the fifth chapter we develop various HB methods which combine information from different surveys. The methods proposed in this dissertation involve improper priors. We have analytically shown that the posterior distributions based on these priors are proper under mild conditions. Index words: Combining Surveys, Hierarchical Bayes, Mixture Models, Objective Priors, Outliers, Small Area Estimation. Hierarchical Bayesian Methods for Survey Sampling and Other Applications
POST-EOCENE RECORD OF EOLIAN DEPOSITION AT SITES 752 , 754 , AND 756 , EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN

The late Cenozoic history of eolian sedimentation in the eastern Indian Ocean was developed from samples recovered during drilling of Sites 752, 754, and 756. Temporal changes in the mass accumulation rate of eolian material reflect major climatic shifts in the southern African source region. A significant drop in dust mass flux values occurs near the end of the lower Oligocene. Younger sediments are characterized by a gradual reduction in dust accumulation rates until the middle Miocene after which values remain consistently low throughout the late Cenozoic, although a slight increase in eolian accumulation rate occurs near 2.5 Ma. This pattern of dust mass flux appears related to the supply of dust-sized particles in the source region and represents a shift in the climatic regime of southern Africa to increasingly more arid conditions throughout the late Cenozoic.
THE IMPACT OF SURPRISE POLICY ACTIONS ON INTEREST RATES: THE INFLUENCE OF CENTRAL BANK CREDIBILITY

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii CHAPTER 1 Introduction . 1 CHAPTER 2 Literature Review . 3 2.1 The term structure of interest rates . 3 2.1.1 The Expectations Hypothesis theory (EHT) . 3 2.1.2 Information, rational expectations and forecasts . 6 2.2 Monetary policy, CB credibility and interest rates . 9 2.2.1 The monetary policy objective . 9 2.2.1.1 Economic agent’s expectation-based decision rules . 10 2.2.1.2 The policymaker’s decision rule and optimization . 12 2.2.2 Discretionary time-inconsistent policies and expectations . 14 2.2. 3 The influence of commitment . 16 2.2. 3.1 Adopting and inflation target . 16 2.2. 3.2 Rules versus discretion . 18 2.2. 4 Target rate changes and interest rates . 21 CHAPTER 3 Methodology & Data . 26 3.1 Measuring the impact of surprise target rate changes . 26 3.2 Measuring Central Bank credibility . 28 3.2.1 CB credibility implied by a policy “rule” . 29 3.2.2 CB credibility implied by the inflation bias (IB) . 34 3.2. 3 CB credibility implied by inflation persistency (IP) . 35 3.2. 4 A comparison of the dummy variables for CB credibility . 38 3.3 The influence of the business cycle . 40 CHAPTER 4 Results . 42 4.1 CB credibility and Federal Reserve surprise target rate changes . 42
Classroom Discourse and the Space of Learning

Contents: Preface. Part I: On Learning and Language. F. Marton, U. Runesson, A.B. M. Tsui, The Space of Learning. Part II: On Learning. P.Y. Ko, F. Marton, Variation and the Secret of the Virtuoso. U. Runesson, I.A. C. Mok, Discernment and the Question "What Can Be Learned? " P.P.M. Chik, M.L. Lo, Simultaneity and the Enacted Object of Learning. Part III: On Language. A.B. M. Tsui, F. Marton, I.A. C. Mok, D.F. P. Ng, Questions and the Space of Learning. A.B. M. Tsui, The Semantic Enrichment of the Space of Learning. A.B. M. Tsui, The Shared Space of Learning. Part IV: On Improving Learning. M.L. Lo, F. Marton, M.F. Pang, W.Y. Pong, Toward a Pedagogy of Learning. Epilogue.
A Framework for Verification and Debugging of Resource Usage Properties

We present a framework for (static) verification of general resource usage program properties. The framework extends the criteria of correctness as the conformance of a program to a specification expressing non-functional global properties, such as upper and lower bounds on execution time, memory, energy, or user defined resources, given as functions on input data sizes. A given specification can include both lower and upper bound resource usage functions, i.e., it can express intervals where the resource usage is supposed to be included in. We have defined an abstract semantics for resource usage properties and operations to compare the (approximated) intended semantics of a program (i.e., the specification) with approximated semantics inferred by static analysis. These operations include the comparison of arithmetic functions (e.g., polynomial, exponential or logarithmic functions). A novel aspect of our framework is that the static checking of assertions generates answers that include conditions under which a given specification can be proved or disproved. For example, these conditions can express intervals of input data sizes such that a given specification can be proved for some intervals but disproved for others. We have implemented our techniques within the Ciao/CiaoPP system in a natural way, so that the novel resource usage verification blends in with the CiaoPP framework that unifies static verification and static debugging (as well as run-time verification and unit testing).
Does syariah-compliant stocks overreact?

This is a preliminary study on stock overreaction behavior of syariah compliant stock in Bursa Malaysia over the period between January 1988 and December 2009. Results show that syariah compliant stock in Bursa Malaysia, like their conventional counterparts overreact. The overreactions are more pronounced during the sub-period prior to 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and Global 2008 Crisis. After the crisis the overreaction behavior seems to diminish.
Comparison of applying Pair HMMs and DBN models in Transliteration Identification

Transliteration is aimed at dealing with unknown words in Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) and Machine Translation (MT). Most of the transliteration tasks depend on a similarity estimation stage where a model is utilized with the aim of identifying a transliteration match for a given source word. In this paper, we evaluate the application of two related frameworks to transliteration identification. Both frameworks model string similarity as the cost incurred through a series of edit operations. One framework implements Pair Hidden Markov Models (Pair HMMs) (Mackay and Kondrak 2005) while the other implements classes of Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) models (Filali and Bilmes 2005). For each Pair HMM, we adapt different algorithms for computing transliteration similarity estimates. For the DBN framework, we modify the DBN classes in (Filali and Bilmes 2005) and specify models from the classes to represent factorizations that we hypothesize could affect the value of a transliteration similarity estimate. Separate tests applying models from the two frameworks result in high transliteration identification accuracy on an experimental setup of Russian-English transliteration. A check on the output from models associated with the two frameworks suggests that there can be improved transliteration identification accuracy through a combination of models.
China ’ s Investments in Malaysia : Choosing the “ Right ” Partners

This paper examines China’s outward foreign direct investment into Malaysia invested into the country, a relatively underexplored topic. Based on personal interviews with parties familiar with the investment of mainland Chinese linked companies (GLCs) in their cross-border investments, while a smaller GLCs in the Malaysian economy, a direct result of the country’s ethnocentric economic redistribution model. However, the preference of mainland Chinese across the economic sectors. The preference for the GLCs decreases from the construction, to the manufacturing, and to the other services, agriculture, increases from the construction sector, to the manufacturing, and the other the capitalist development and state-society relations of Malaysia, outcomes of the country’s decades-old political economic mantra of wealth redistribution along ethnic lines.
Corporate Cash Holdings and their Implications on Firm Value in Family and Founder Firms

This research investigates whether the presence of controlling founders and families has significant impact on the level of cash holdings, and their implications on firm value. The agency cost of cash holdings in founder firms is arguably less severe than family firms, due to founders’ economic incentives, strong psychological commitment and superior knowledge, whereas family firms are exposed to adverse selection and moral hazard as a result of altruism. Results indicate that founder firms hold a significantly higher level of cash holdings than family firms. In addition, there is a positive interaction effect between founder management and cash holdings on firm value, suggesting the presence of founders as managers helps to mitigate the agency costs of cash holdings.
Automatic Annotation Of Instructions With Profiling Information

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would rst like to thank my advisor, Professor Wen-mei Hwu, for his guidance and support. I would also like to thank the IMPACT group, especially John Gyllenhaal and Grant Haab for their helpful discussions. John Gyllenhaal, in particular, has answered many questions and provided much advice concerning the work presented in this thesis. Also, I would like to thank Santosh Abraham at Hewlett Packard Laboratories for his valuable guidance and feedback. For their three years of nancial support through a fellowship, I would like to thank the National Science Foundation. I would also like to express my appreciation to my family for all of their encouragement and support. Finally, I wish to thank Mike Stangel, who has encouraged me and kept me happy throughout the past three years.
Cognition and Second Language Instruction: COGNITION AND INSTRUCTION

Chapter 1. Attention. Richard Schmidt Chapter 2. Memory for Language. Nick C. Ellis Chapter 3. The Competition Model: The Input, the Context and the Brain. Brian MacWhinney Chapter 4. Sentence Processing. Michael Harrington Chapter 5. Automaticity and Automatization. Robert M. DeKeyser Chapter 6. Learnability and Second Language Acquisition Theory. Kevin R. Gregg Chapter 7. Cognition and Tasks. Peter Skehan and Pauline Foster Chapter 8. Cognitive Underpinnings of Focus on Form. Catherine Doughty Chapter 9. Intentional and Incidental Second Language Learning: A Reappraisal of Elaboration, Rehearsal and Automaticity. Jan H. Hulstijn Chapter 10. Task Complexity, Cognitive Resources and Second Language Syllabus Design: A Triadic Framework for Examining Task Influences on SLA. Peter Robinson Chapter 11. Aptitude, Individual Differences, and Instructional Design. Mark Sawyer and Leila Ranta Chapter 12. Cognition, Instruction and Protocol Analysis
The stellar population and complex structure of the bright-rimmed cloud IC 1396N

Context. IC 1396N is a bright-rimmed cloud associated with an intermediate-mass star-forming region, where a number of Herbig- Haro objects, H2 jet-like features, CO molecular outflows, and millimeter compact sources have been observed. Aims. We study the complex structure of the IC 1396N core and the molecular outflows detected in the region in detail and reveal the presence of additional YSOs inside this globule. Methods. We carried out a deep survey of the IC 1396N region in the J,H,Kbroadband filters and deep high-angular resolution observations in the H2 narrowband filter with NICS at the TNG telescope. The completeness limits in the 2MASS standard are Ks ∼ 17.5, H ∼ 18.5, and J ∼ 19.5. Results. A total of 736 sources have been detected in all three bands within the area where the JHKimages overlap. There are 128 sources detected only in HK � , 67 detected only in K � , and 79 detected only in JH. We found only a few objects exhibiting a near-infrared excess and no clear signs of clustering of sources towards the southern rim. In the case of triggered star formation in the southern rim of the globule, this could be very recent, because it is not shown through Near-Infrared imaging alone. The H2 emission is complex and knotty and shows a large number of molecular hydrogen features spread over the region, testifying to recent star- formation activity throughout the whole globule. This emission is resolved into several chains or groups of knots that sometimes show a jet-like morphology. The shocked cloudlet model scenario previously proposed to explain the V-shaped morphology of the CO molecular outflow powered by the intermediate-mass YSO BIMA 2 seems to be confirmed by the presence of H2 emission at the position of the deflecting western clump. New possible flows have been discovered in the globule, and some of them could be very long. In particular, the YSO BIMA 3 could be powering an old and poorly collimated outflow.
Negative effects of rapid warming and drought on reproductive dynamics and population size of an avian predator in the arid southwest

Avian communities of arid ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to global climate change due to the magnitude of model projected change for desert regions and the inherent challenges for species of resource limited ecosystems. How arid zone birds will be affected by rapid increases in air temperature and increased drought frequency and severity is poorly understood. To date, avian responses to climate change have primarily been studied in northern temperate regions in relatively mesic habitats. We studied the effects of increasing air temperature and aridity on a Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) population in the southwestern USA from 1998-2013. Over 16 years, the breeding population declined 98.1%, from 52 pairs to 1 pair, and nest success and fledgling output also declined significantly. These trends were strongly associated with the combined effects of decreased precipitation and increased air temperature. Arrival on the breeding grounds, pair formation, nest initiation, and hatch dates all showed significant delays ranging from 9.4 25.1 days over 9 years, which have negative effects on reproduction. Adult and juvenile body mass decreased significantly over time, with a
ProtAnt: A tool for analysing the prototypicality of texts

Corpus-based researchers and traditional qualitative researchers, such as those interested in critical discourse analysis, are often required to select prototypical texts for close reading that include the language features of interest that are present in a much larger corpus. Traditional approaches to this selection procedure have been largely ad hoc. In this paper, we offer a more principled way of selecting texts for close reading based on a ranking of texts in terms of the number of keywords they contain. To facilitate this analysis, we have developed a multiplatform, freeware software tool called ProtAnt that analyses the texts, generates a ranked list of keywords based on statistical significance and effect size, and then orders the texts by the number of keywords in them. We describe various experiments that demonstrate the ProtAnt analysis is effective not only at identifying prototypical texts, but also identifying outlier texts that may need to be removed from a target corpus.