Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Scar Analysis Between V and Inverted-V Incision in Open Rhinoplasty of Patients Referred to Rasht Amir-Almomenin Hospital

Rhinoplasty has become one of the most commonly used surgeries in recent years. The visible columella scar is one of the problems of open Rhinoplasty. This study aims to compare the two common V and the inverted-V incisions in terms of their scar after open Rhinoplasty among patients. This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out on 394 open rhinoplasty patients from 2015 to 2016 in Amiralmomenin Hospital of Rasht. Half of the patients were treated with V incision and the other half with inverted-V. Subjective and objective scar assessment was done at least 12 months after surgery by using PSAS and CSAS questionnaires. Of 394 patients under study, 81% (319 cases) were female and 19% (75cases) were male. The subjects were at around the age of 28 ± 6 years and their Rhinoplasty surgery was performed 18 ± 6 months ago. In the subjective study, the final score of PSAS and its items (pain, itching, color, stiffness, thickness, irregularity) were not significantly different in the two studied incisions (p> 0.05). Also, in the objective study, the CSAS final score and its items (satisfactory, pigmentation and irregularity) didn’t show a significant difference in two under study incisions (p> 0.05). No significant difference was observed in forming scars in terms of individual and social variables and skin thickness in two groups (p> 0.05). The two v and inverted-v incisions have similar scar qualities. Besides, scar formation is not related to skin thickness and sex.
Drought tolerance in upland rice: identification of genotypes and agronomic characteristics

This study aimed to identify upland rice cultivars and elite lines that are tolerant to drought and the agronomic traits associated with this tolerance. Forty-one genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications in experiments with and without water stress at the Experimental Station of Emater, in Porangatu, Goias State, in 2011 and 2012. The first experiment was well-irrigated throughout plant development and the second experiment was irrigated only up to 40 days after emergence, after which water stress was imposed. A multivariate analysis using Ward's method was applied, and the genotypes with and without water stress were classified into six and seven clusters, respectively, based on the average yield in the two years of experimentation. The most productive cluster under water stress comprised the genotypes AB062041, Douradao, Guarani, BRS Aimore, and Tangara. The first four genotypes of this cluster were also ranked in the second most productive cluster under well-irrigated conditions. In the selection for drought tolerance, the genotypes that exhibit precocity, less dense panicles, low sterility and greater 100-grain weight under water stress should be prioritized.
Reddening, Emission-Line, and Intrinsic Absorption Properties in the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Arakelian 564

We use Hubble Space Telescope UV and optical spectra of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy Ark 564 to investigate its internal reddening and properties of its emission-line and intrinsic UV absorption gas. We find that the extinction curve of Ark 564, derived from a comparison of its UV/optical continuum to that of an unreddened NLS1, lacks a 2200 Å bump and turns up toward the UV at a longer wavelength (4000 Å) than the standard Galactic, LMC, and SMC curves. However, it does not show the extremely steep rise to 1200 Å that characterizes the extinction curve of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 3227. The emission lines and continuum experience the same amount of reddening, indicating the presence of a dust screen that is external to the narrow-line region. Echelle spectra from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph show intrinsic UV absorption lines due to Lyα, N V, C IV, Si IV, and Si III, centered at a radial velocity of -190 km s-1 (relative to the host galaxy). Photoionization models of the UV absorber indicate that it has a sufficient column (NH = 1.6 × 1021 cm-2) and is at a sufficient distance from the nucleus (D > 95 pc) to be the source of the dust screen. Thus, Ark 564 contains a dusty "lukewarm absorber" similar to that seen in NGC 3227.
Using Moran's I and GIS to study the spatial pattern of forest litter carbon density in a subtropical region of southeastern China

Spatial pattern information of carbon density in forest ecosystem including forest litter carbon (FLC) plays an important role in evaluating carbon sequestration potentials. The spatial variation of FLC density in the typical subtropical forests in southeastern China was investigated using Moran's I, geostatistics and a geographical information system (GIS). A total of 839 forest litter samples were collected based on a 12 km (south–north) × 6 km (east–west) grid system in Zhejiang province. Forest litter carbon density values were very variable, ranging from 10.2 kg ha −1 to 8841.3 kg ha −1 , with an average of 1786.7 kg ha −1 . The aboveground biomass had the strongest positive correlation with FLC density, followed by forest age and elevation. Global Moran's I revealed that FLC density had significant positive spatial autocorrelation. Clear spatial patterns were observed using local Moran's I. A spherical model was chosen to fit the experimental semivariogram. The moderate "nugget-to-sill" (0.536) value revealed that both natural and anthropogenic factors played a key role in spatial heterogeneity of FLC density. High FLC density values were mainly distributed in northwestern and western part of Zhejiang province, which were related to adopting long-term policy of forest conservation in these areas, while Hang-Jia-Hu (HJH) Plain, Jin-Qu (JQ) Basin and coastal areas had low FLC density due to low forest coverage and intensive management of economic forests. These spatial patterns were in line with the spatial-cluster map described by local Moran's I. Therefore, Moran's I, combined with geostatistics and GIS, could be used to study spatial patterns of environmental variables related to forest ecosystem.
Statistical inference on changes in income polarization in Poland

This paper estimates a popular measure of economic polarization (DER index) using Polish income micro-data from the Household Budget Survey (HBS) study for the period from 1998 to 2007. Using asymptotically distribution-free statistical inference we test whether the changes in the values of the estimated indices are statistically significant. Results show that during the period under study DER index has increased in the range from 4.9 to 6.5%, depending on the polarization-sensitivity parameter α. For the period 1998-2007, the changes in the DER index with α = 1, for which polarization is empirically distinguishable from inequality, are statistically significant at conventional levels. It is found, however, that for some sub-periods changes in the DER index are not statistically significant.
On the Adoption and Dis-adoption of Household Energy and Farm Technologies

This thesis consists of four self-contained papers. Paper I: Intra-household bargaining power and demand for clean and energy efficient stoves: Experimental evidence from rural Ethiopia Clean and energy efficient stoves improve the well-being of rural households by reducing fuel consumption, fuel collection time and the adverse health impacts of indoor air pollution. However, the demand for such stoves is surprisingly low in rural areas of many less-developed countries. A real stove purchase experiment is conducted in Ethiopia to study the role of intra-household bargaining power in explaining the observed low demand for improved stoves. Using the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak method, we find a significant effect of intra-household bargaining power on improved stove adoption. However, a follow-up survey conducted long after the stove distribution shows that bargaining power does not affect how quickly the new stove was put into use. Our findings show the importance of empowering women in order to increase adoption in rural improved stove programs. JEL Classification: Q40, D1, Q50
Why A Global Exchange for Scaling Up Success Scaling Up Poverty Reduction : A Global Learning Process and Conference Shanghai , May 25 27 , 2004 Monitoring the Administrative Barriers to Small Business Development in Russia

Copyright © 2004. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK All rights reserved. The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed
Re-telling a story in a second language: How well do adult learners mine an input text for multiword expressions?

Adult second language (L2) learners have often been found to produce discourse that manifests limited and non-native-like use of multiword expressions. One explanation for this is that adult L2 learners are relatively unsuccessful (in the absence of pedagogic intervention) at transferring multiword expressions from input texts to their own output resources. The present article reports an exploratory study where ESL learners were asked to re-tell a short story which they had read and listened to twice. The learners’ re-tells were subsequently examined for the extent to which they recycled multiword expressions from the original story. To gauge the influence of the input text on these learners’ renderings of the story, a control group was asked to tell the story based exclusively on a series of pictures. The results of the experiment suggest that multiword expressions were recycled from the input text to some extent, but this stayed very marginal in real terms, especially in comparison with the recycling of single words. Moreover, when learners did borrow expressions from the input text, their reproductions were often non-target-like.
High-Resolution Mid-infrared Imaging of SN 1987A

Using the Thermal Region Camera and Spectrograph (T-ReCS) attached to the Gemini South 8 m telescope, we have detected and resolved 10 μm emission at the position of the inner equatorial ring (ER) of supernova SN 1987A at day 6067. "Hot spots" similar to those found in the optical and near-IR are clearly present. The morphology of the 10 μm emission is globally similar to the morphology at other wavelengths from X-rays to radio. The observed mid-IR flux in the region of SN 1987A is probably dominated by emission from dust in the ER. We have also detected the ER at 20 μm at a 4 σ level. Assuming that thermal dust radiation is the origin of the mid-IR emission, we derive a dust temperature of 180 K and a dust mass of × 10-5 M☉ for the ER. Our observations also show a weak detection of the central ejecta at 10 μm. We show that previous bolometric flux estimates (through day 2100) were not significantly contaminated by this newly discovered emission from the ER. If we assume that the energy input comes from radioactive decays only, our measurements, together with the current theoretical models, set a temperature of 90 K ≤ T ≤ 100 K and a mass range of 10-4 to 2 × 10-3 M☉ for the dust in the ejecta. With such dust temperatures the estimated thermal emission is × 1035 ergs s-1 from the inner ring and × 1036 ergs s-1 from the ejecta. Finally, using SN 1987A as a template, we discuss the possible role of supernovae as major sources of dust in the universe.
Théorèmes limites pour certaines fonctionnelles associées aux processus stables dans une classe d'espaces de besov

Dans cet article nous étudions des théorèmes limites pour les temps locaux des processus stables symétriques en dimension un dans une classe d'espaces de Besov. Ce qui présente une généralisation des résultants de Fitzsimmons Getoor et celui de Rosen pour un processus stable dans l'espace des fonctions continues. Les processus obtenus à la limite sont les dérivées fractionnaires et les transformés de Hilbert des temps locaux. This paper studies limit theorems for the occupation times of one-dimensional symmetric stable processes. Our goals is to extend Fitzsimmons and Getoor's results (Fitzsimmons, P.J., Getoor, R.K. "Limit theorems and variation properties for fractional derivatives of the local time of stable process," Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré , 28 (2) 1992, pp. 311-333) and those of Rosen (Rosen, J., "Second Order Limit Laws for the Local Times of Stable Processes", Séminaire de Probabilité XXV. Lecture Notes in Mathematics , Vol. 1485 (1990) pp. 407-425. Springer: New York), established in the uniform norm, to the Besov norm. The limit processes are fractional derivatives and Hilbert transforms of the stable local time.
A framework of change‐point detection for multivariate hydrological series

Under changing environments, not only univariate but also multivariate hydrological series might become nonstationary. Nonstationarity, in forms of change‐point or trend, has been widely studied for univariate hydrological series, while it attracts attention only recently for multivariate hydrological series. For multivariate series, two types of change‐point need to be distinguished, i.e., change‐point in marginal distributions and change‐point in the dependence structure among individual variables. In this paper, a three‐step framework is proposed to separately detect two types of change‐point in multivariate hydrological series, i.e., change‐point detection for individual univariate series, estimation of marginal distributions, and change‐point detection for dependence structure. The last step is implemented using both the Cramér‐von Mises statistic (CvM) method and the copula‐based likelihood‐ratio test (CLR) method. For CLR, three kinds of copula model (symmetric, asymmetric, and pair‐copula) are employed to construct the dependence structure of multivariate series. Monte Carlo experiments indicate that CLR is far more powerful than CvM in detecting the change‐point of dependence structure. This framework is applied to the trivariate flood series composed of annual maxima daily discharge (AMDD), annual maxima 3 day flood volume, and annual maxima 15 day flood volume of the Upper Hanjiang River, China. It is found that each individual univariate flood series has a significant change‐point; and the trivariate series presents a significant change‐point in dependence structure due to the abrupt change in the dependence structure between AMDD and annual maxima 3 day flood volume. All these changes are caused by the construction of the Ankang Reservoir.
RESEARCH OF AMBIDEXTROUS ORIENTATION IN CROATIAN SMEs

Organizational balance between continuity of operative business activities and changes aimed at future success is often emphasized as a precondition for long-term organizational success. In this context, ambidexterity in firms is studied. It should enable the simultaneous focus on operational processes and active exploration of new opportunities in the process of ensuring longterm success. Due to limited resources of SMEs the question is whether these companies have to decide between operational efficiency and building new business opportunities. Crucial for the implementation of ambidexterity in SMEs is the entrepreneur’s ambidextrous orientation which should indicate the flexibility of entrepreneur in reconciling different approaches in business. The assumption is that entrepreneurs who demonstrate ambidextrous orientation induce, encourage, reward and promote activities beyond existing operational processes in order to seek possibilities for exploration and exploitation of new business opportunities in the future. The purpose of this paper is to examine specificities of ambidextrous orientation in Croatian SMEs. Ambidextrous orientation, the level of strategic ambidexterity and the relationship between them will be examined on a sample of 190 Croatian SMEs. Furthermore, the relationship between ambidextrous orientation and performance of the SMEs will be studied assuming that successful companies have a higher level of ambidextrous orientation. The aim is to further clarify the features of ambidextrous orientation in SMEs and how it affects their current success and future potential.
SCREENING OF DESERT PLANTS FOR USE AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN FISH

The antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of 104 desert plant species was studied on the following fish bacterial pathogens: Aeromonas hydrophila, Photobacterium damselae subspecies piscicida, Streptococcus iniae, and Vibrio alginolyticus. Seventeen plant species had antibacterial activity, as identified by disk diffusion assay. The pathogen P. damselae was sensitive to all 17 active extracts except Peganum harmala and a high inhibitory effect (14-19.5 mm) was produced by Anchusa strigosa, Hammada scoparia, Achillea fragrantissima, Pulicaria crispa and Loranthus acaciae. The pathogens A. hydrophila and V. alginolyticus were inhibited by H. scoparia, L. acaciae, and P. harmala (7-20.5 mm). The pathogen S. iniae was inhibited by Ochradenus baccatus and Reseda stenostachya (10.5 mm). The benefits of using desert plants as an alternative to conventional antibiotics are discussed.
Inequality and Trust: New Evidence from Panel Data

The relationship between inequality and trust has attracted the interest of many scholars who have found a negative relationship between the two variables. However, the causal link from inequality to trust is far from being identified and the existing empirical evidence admittedly remains weak, as the omitted variable bias, reverse causation and/or measurement error might be at work. In this paper, we reconsider the country-level evidence to address this issue. First, we exploit the panel dimension of the data, thus controlling for any country unobservable time-invariant variables. Second, we provide instrumental variable estimates using the predicted exposure to technological change as an exogenous driver of inequality. According to our findings, income inequality significantly and negatively affects generalised trust. However, this result only holds for developed countries. We also explore new insights on the effects of different dimensions of inequality, exploiting measures of both static inequality – such as the Gini index and top income shares – and dynamic inequality – proxied by intergenerational income mobility.
Effects of Stochastic Interest Rates and Volatility on Contingent Claims

We investigate the effects of the stochastic interest rates and the volatility f the underlying asset price on the contingent claim prices including futures and options prices. The futures price can be decomposed into the forward price and the additional terms and the options price can be decomposed into the Black-Scholes formula and several additional terms via the asymptotic expansion approach in the small disturbance asymptotics developed by Kunitomo and Takahashi(1995,1998,2001), which is based on Malliavin-Watanabe Calculus in stochastic analysis. We illustrate our new formulae and their numerical accuracy by using some modi ed CIR type processes for the short term interest rates and stochastic volatility.
Appetency and adhesion: analysis of the kinetcs of contact between concrete and repairing mortars

The definition of the adhesion itself presents a duality : on the one hand, adhesion is understood to be a process through which two bodies are brought together and attached (bonded) to each other, in such a manner that external force or thermal motion is required to break the bond. The term "adhesion" (or "sticking") is usually applied in this sense in colloid research on coagulation phenomena. On the other hand, we may examine the process of breaking a bond between bodies that are already in contact; and here, as a quantitative measure of the intensity of adhesion, we can take the force or energy required to separate the two bodies. We studied this problem in the context of repairing mortars laid down on a concrete support; we focused our research on the behaviour of a cementitious slurry applied on two types of concrete support, characterised by their surface preparation (sandblasted and polished surface). We measured and observed the penetration of this slurry into the concrete support.
PARASITISM BY BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS IN THE SHRUBSTEPPE OF EASTERN WASHINGTON

Abstract : Shrubsteppe communities within the Intermountain West have been reduced in areaand fragmented by agricultural conversion and land development, yet we know little about theeffects of Brown-headed Cowbirds ( Molothrus ater ) on reproductive success of birds that breedin these communities. As part of ongoing research examining landscape effects on avianproductivity in eastern Washington, we collected data on parasitism rates and cowbirdoccurrence. During 1996 and 1997 we surveyed birds using point-counts and searched for nestsin big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ) stands in eastern Washington. Cowbirds were commonon our study area and were recorded on point-counts at 26 of 29 sites surveyed. Cowbirdsarrived on the study area in late April, attaining greatest abundance in May and June. We locatedand monitored a total of 779 nests of 8 species; only the Brewer’s Sparrow ( Spizella breweri ),Sage Sparrow ( Amphispiza belli ), and Vesper Sparrow ( Pooecetes gramineus ) showed evidenceof parasitism. Overall parasitism rates were lower than those reported for other birdcommunities in fragmented landscapes and for other bird communities in shrubsteppe. Lowparasitism levels (<10 %) in our study area partly resulted from arrival of cowbirds afterinitiation of first nests by hosts. Over 40% of Sage Sparrow nests were initiated before cowbirdswere observed laying on the study area. Low levels of parasitism also may be related to lowavailability of elevated observation perches or long distances from study plots to cowbird feedingareas. Determining why parasitism is low in this fragmented landscape may have importantimplications for managing cowbirds in other areas.
Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization Doses on Elephant-Grass Genotypes for Energy Purposes

In view of the current global energy landscape, to develop alternative energy mechanisms to the oil has become essential. For that, biomass as well as the use of elephant-grass present themselves as attractive choices for energy purposes. That culture has a high growth prospect, as it contains characteristics such as high production, biomass quality, and high photosynthetic capacity. The purpose of this work was to assess the response of eight elephant-grass genotypes to nitrogen and potassium fertilization from the evaluation of morpho-agronomic traits. It was used a randomized block experimental design with three replications in the factorial scheme within a subdivided plot composed of principal factor (plots): genotypes and secondary components (subplots): potassium (2 levels) × nitrogen (3 levels)—200 × 400, 200 × 1000, 200 × 1600, 500 × 400, 500 × 1000, and 500 × 1600 kg ha-1. There was an adjustment of first degree linear model of the regression for all traits in at least one genotype. For DMP, the Capim Cana D’África, CPAC, and IJ 7139 genotypes indicated an inversely proportional response to the increasing of N in the fertilization. The response according to the N increasing in the fertilization was directly proportional for the CPAC genotype in relation to the NP, and for the Cana D’África, CPAC, and IJ 7139 genotypes in relation to the ALT. For SD, the CPAC and Vruckwona genotypes showed a positive effect on the increasing doses of N, and the IJ 7139 genotype, a negative correlation. The results are quite promising and ensure the use of the eight elephant-grass genotypes as an alternative source for biomass production.