Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of the flour of four leguminous crops for the control of tenebrionidae beetle (Tribolium castaneum - herbst)

Provender used to breed animals is constituted mainly of cereal flour. However, due to poor post-harvest technologies, more than 35% of annual crop yield is often lost during storage as a consequence of insect attack. While synthetic insecticides constitute an efficient method for reducing these losses; current excessive usage runs the risk of increasing the food insecurity. The use of entomotoxic proteins of leguminous plant for grain storage has been advocated as an alternative method with limited or no effect on the quality and safety of the grains or their products. This study was carried out as an evidence of bioactivity of four flours of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris , Pisum sativum and two varieties of Glycine max (SJ320 and DOCKO) against adults of Tribolium castaneum Herbst which is a very resistant stored product pest to chemicals in Northern Cameroon. The growth of ten couples of T. castaneum in different formulations made by the mixture of sorghum flours with leguminous seed flours is evaluated 50 days after application. The research carried out reveals that the population of T. castaneum is important in the soybean formulations. In the pots of bean and pea flours, the average numbers of living pests were respectively 21.17 ±10.5 and 32.38 ±18.3 against 65.99 ±28.1 and 95.2 ±36.7 for the pots containing soybean SJ320 and DOCKO flours, respectively. In treatments PP20 and BB20, the number of nymphs 82.4±6.7, 86.6±2.7, respectively and the larvae V 22.2±9.9, 68.8±8.9 in that order decreases comparatively to the control 143.6±7.4, 142±12.5, respectively . The incorporation of these promising flours of pea and bean at a rate of 20% during manufacturer of provender used to feed animals can contribute to their better cereal food conservation and can reduce the residues of chemical pesticides in the environment. The formulation with 20% of black beans or pea flours in sorghum flour ensures an effective control of T. castaneum. The development of a bio insecticide made of flour of pea or black bean is to be considered seriously since their residues are not poisonous to consumers. Cereals which are important and indispensable for the production of animal feed can be preserved from insect attack by the use of natural products, which will contribute to diminish the toxicity of chemical preservatives used in feed, environmental pollution and the phenomenon of resistance of insects to chemical pesticides.
EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTROPICS ON NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether psychotropic has any effect on neutrophils and lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in psychiatric patients. Methods: In this hospital-based prospective quasi-randomized follow-up study, we analyzed every 10 patients with newly diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder for complete blood count before and after treatment with the selected psychotropic. Results: There was a significant increase in NLR of patients with depression after treatment with psychotropic (p=0.001), also in schizophrenia, there was a slight increase in NLR of patients after treatment with psychotropic (p=0.005), but in bipolar disorder, there was a significant decrease in NLR of patients after treatment with psychotropic (p=0.002). Conclusion: The present study confirmed that psychotropics have a statistically significant effect on the increase in NLR in patients with depression, a slight increase in patients with schizophrenia, and a decrease in patients with bipolar disorder. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the mechanism of psychotropic drug effect on NLR.
Purification, Characterization and De-Staining Potentials of a Thermotolerant Protease Produced by Fusarium oxysporum

Proteases are important industrial enzymes and fungi prove to be good sources of such enzymes. Purification techniques are however necessary for increased specificity in activity and better industrial value. Based on this, a protease produced by a Fusarium oxysporum was purified to homogeneity by Sephadex G-200 column and α–casein agarose chromatography. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 70 kDa in SDS-PAGE. Purified Fusarium oxysporum protease had a specific activity of 93.88 U/mg protein. The purification magnitude was 7.7 and the total yield was 20 %. Purified protease had an optimum pH of 5.0 while the optimum temperature was 40 °C. The enzyme was also thermotolerant (approximately 100 % at 40 °C for 2 h). The enzyme activity was stimulated by surfactants and metal ions like, Tween-20 and Mg2+. Enzyme activity was inhibited in presence of PMSF and EDTA. Casein was found to be the best substrate for protease activity of Fusarium oxysporum FWT1. Protease were tested upon blood stain for de-clotting of blood and was found to exhibit good de-clotting and de-staining activity after 15 minutes treatment time.
RELICT OLIVINES IN MICROMETEORITES: PRECURSORS AND INTERACTIONS IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

Antarctica micrometeorites (∼1200) and cosmic spherules (∼5000) from deep sea sediments are studied using electron microscopy to identify Mg-rich olivine grains in order to determine the nature of the particle precursors. Mg-rich olivine (FeO < 5wt%) in micrometeorites suffers insignificant chemical modification during its history and is a well-preserved phase. We examine 420 forsterite grains enclosed in 162 micrometeorites of different types—unmelted, scoriaceous, and porphyritic—in this study. Forsterites in micrometeorites of different types are crystallized during their formation in solar nebula; their closest analogues are chondrule components of CV-type chondrites or volatile rich CM chondrites. The forsteritic olivines are suggested to have originated from a cluster of closely related carbonaceous asteroids that have Mg-rich olivines in the narrow range of CaO (0.1–0.3wt%), Al2O3 (0.0–0.3wt%), MnO (0.0–0.3wt%), and Cr2O3 (0.1–0.7wt%). Numerical simulations carried out with the Chemical Ablation Model (CABMOD) enable us to define the physical conditions of atmospheric entry that preserve the original compositions of the Mg-rich olivines in these particles. The chemical compositions of relict olivines affirm the role of heating at peak temperatures and the cooling rates of the micrometeorites. This modeling approach provides a foundation for understanding the ablation of the particles and the circumstances in which the relict grains tend to survive.
THE QUEST FOR THE TRUE RESIDUAL GAS SATURATION - AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

Residual gas saturation after water influx is a critical parameter in lean gas reservoirs with strong aquifer support. The mechanism is identified in reservoirs currently subject for field development offshore Norway, and the observed laboratory variations in residual gas saturation constitutes one of the main uncertainties in recoverable reserves. The majority of publications regarding experimental data focus on identifying correlations of residual gas to petrophysical parameters; initial water saturation, permeability, porosity. While many correlations have represented individual data set with good consistency, few have proven to be valid for sandstone reservoirs in general. Less emphasis has been made on evaluating the experimental techniques being used, and the associated uncertainties. Our experience is that the choice of laboratory method can have a large effect on the residual gas results. In this paper we present systematic deviations in residual gas saturation depending on the experimental approach. In situ saturation monitoring by CT-scanner enable us to study variations in saturation profiles and trapping mechanisms: • Porous plate imbibition • Unsteady-state water flood • Immersed spontaneous imbibition • CT-observation of porous plate and unsteady-state imbibition • Pore-network modelling of gas-water displacement Coreflood simulations are presented to contribute to the discussion of the most representative method for determining the “true” residual gas saturation.
Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of High Population Density Bacteria Isolated from Sunflower Goes

Natural and beneficial associations between plants and bacteria have demonstrated potential commercial application for several agricultural crops. The sunflower has acquired increasing importance in Brazilian agribusiness owing to its agronomic characteristics such as the tolerance to edaphoclimatic variations, resistance to pests and diseases, and adaptation to the implements commonly used for maize and soybean, as well as the versatility of the products and by-products obtained from its cultivation. A study of the cultivable bacteria associated with two sunflower cultivars, using classical microbiological methods, successfully obtained isolates from different plant tissues (roots, stems, florets, and rhizosphere). Out of 57 plantgrowth-promoting isolates obtained, 45 were identified at the genus level and phylogenetically positioned based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing: 42 Bacillus (B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium, and Bacillus sp.) and 3 Methylobacterium komagatae. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis showed a broad diversity among the Bacillus isolates, which clustered into 2 groups with 75% similarity and 13 subgroups with 85% similarity, suggesting that the genetic distance correlated with the source of isolation. The isolates were also analyzed for certain growth-promoting activities. Auxin synthesis was widely distributed among the isolates, with values ranging from 93.34 to 1653.37 μM auxin per μg of protein. The phosphate solubilization index ranged from 1.25 to 3.89, and siderophore index varied from 1.15 to 5.25. From a total of 57 isolates, 3 showed an ability to biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen, and 7 showed antagonism against the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results of biochemical characterization allowed identification of potential candidates for the development of biofertilizers targeted to the sunflower crop.
Prevalence of Henneguya Infections on Cage-reared Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) in Mexico

บทคดยอ วตถประสงคของการศกษาครงนเพอหาชนดของการตดเชอ สายพนธ ระยะเวลาและความชกในรอบป จดกอโรค ระยะเวลา และขนาดของปลาทมตอความชกของโรค Henneguya ในปลากดหลวงเลยงกระชง การตดเชอ Henneguya พบไดทเหงอก เนอเยอไขมนบรเวณครบและผวหนง โดยขนาดของสปอรเตมวยอยระหวาง 58 ถง 66 ไมครอน และ 16 ถง 17 ไมครอน (ความยาวและความกวาง) โดยตรวจพบสปชส H. exilis เปนสปชสกอโรคเมอพจารณาจากรปรางของซสตและขนาดของสปอรเปนหลก นอกจากนนยงพบวาสปอรเตมวยขนาดความยาว 45-60 ไมครอน และกวาง 14-19 ไมครอน ในบรเวณเนอเยอไขมนทมการตดเชอ ในขณะท H. adipose เปนตวกอโรคทเนอเยอไขมน แตพบวาการตดเชอทผวหนงสมพนธกบ H. sutherlandi ผลการตรวจทางจลพยาธวทยาพบวามการเชอมกนและอยผดทของเสนเหงอก เมอดจากฤดทมความชกของการตดเชอ Henneguya พบการตดเชอสงทสดทเขอน Maria Soto la Marina และตำสดทแมนำSoto la Marina อยในชวงเดอนมนาคมถงเมษายน และเดอนกรกฎาคมถงสงหาคม คำสำคญ: ปลาเลยงกระชง ปลากดหลวง Henneguya การตดเชอ Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the type of infection, species, the period and annual spatialprevalence, the effect of site, period and host size on prevalence of Henneguya infections in floating cages-raisedchannel catfish. Henneguya infections were detected in gills, fin adipose and skin, with mature spores measuring 58 to66 μm and 16 to 17 μm TL/BL. H. exilis was identified as the causing infection agent based on fresh cyst morphologyand spore measurements. In addition, mature spores measuring from 45 to 60 μm in TL and 14 to 19 μm in BL, wereobserved in the adipose tissue infections; H. adipose was identified as the infective agent in the adipose tissue, whereasthe skin infection may be related to H. sutherlandi. Histological changes showed the fusion and displacement of gilllamellae. In regard to Henneguya infections seasonal prevalence, it was shown that the highest (Maria Soto la Marinadam) and lowest (Soto la Marina River) prevalence were during the periods March-April and July-August. Keywords: cage raising, channel catfish, Henneguya, infection
Impact of carrier material on fermentative activity of encapsulated yoghurt culture in whey based substrate

The main objectives of this paper were to study the influence of the carrier material used for encapsulation and of bead size to fermentative activity and viability of the dairy starter culture Lactoferm ABY 6. Encapsulation of yoghurt culture in beads with diameter of 1 mm provides better results than encapsulation in beads with larger diameter. Alginate beads and chitosan coated beads have proved to be a strong barrier for nutrients from substrate, so samples with those beads have lower viable cell count, lower titratable acidity and higher pH value after 5h of fermentation at 42 °C, than samples with WPC-alginate beads. Also those beads have significantly ( P < 0.05) lower cell leaking, than WPC-alginate beads and lower antioxidant capacity. Encapsulation of yoghurt culture in WPC-alginate carrier with diameter of approximately 1mm provided the best characteristics for fermented product. Samples with these beads have significantly ( P < 0.05) higher increase of viable cell number after fermentation, despite of major cell leaking (19.7%). Moreover, sample with these beads have the highest titratable acidity, the lowest pH value after ferment­ation (the best fermentative activity) and the best antioxidant characteristics.
Bank Affiliation in Private Equity Firms: Distortions in Investment Selection

Private equity ﬁrms that are affiliated with banks have become major players in the leveraged buyout (LBO) market, raising billions of dollars in funds. In this paper, I investigate value creation of these LBOs through operating performance, leverage, and pricing. I ﬁnd that bank-affiliated LBOs fail to create operating performance gains, on average. Moreover, I ﬁnd that targets of bank-affiliated and independent LBOs are systematically different. While I ﬁnd no difference in operating performance gains between bank-affiliated and independent LBOs with matched target characteristics, all ﬁrms that share the target characteristics of bank-affiliated LBOs show worse post-buyout operating performance. Combined with no difference in leverage and deal pricing, the overall results suggest that bank affiliation negatively affects the economic benefit of LBOs due to differing objectives that result in distortions in investment selection.
A statistical analysis of Pi2‐band waves in the plasma sheet and their relation to magnetospheric drivers

We use the Cluster data from 2001 to 2009 to investigate the occurrence of Pi2‐band waves in the plasma sheet. To study the generation mechanisms of these waves, we examine the association between Pi2‐band waves and dynamic processes in the plasma sheet (fast flows and substorm activity) and the direction of the solar wind velocity. For a total of 80 large‐amplitude Pi2‐band waves in the plasma sheet, we find that Cluster records fast flows during 62 events, 11 waves without fast flows occur during substorm time, 3 events occur when the solar wind velocity significantly changes its direction, and 4 events are not associated with any of the above activities. Most of the observed Pi2‐band waves are predominantly compressional, while 2 events are transverse. Based on this statistical study, we suggest that fast flows maybe the main driver of Pi2‐band waves/oscillations in the plasma sheet, especially considering that most of these waves are compressional. The relatively small number of other events indicates that other mechanisms also play a role in creating Pi2‐band waves/oscillations in the plasma sheet but are relatively rare. In all wave events of this study, the plasma pressure and magnetic pressure vary in antiphase, suggesting that these waves have the slow‐mode feature.
SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE EFFECTS OF EDUCATION, DEMOGRAPHY AND ACCESS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR STRUCTURE AND EFFICIENCY

The correlation between Education and Development has been widely investigated under the point of view of Economics, referring to the labour-intensive sectors and effects on their efficiency, as well as in the Social Sciences point of view, by focusing on the characteristics of the rural population, structure and cohesion, gender issues and the output it has on the development of agriculture in a given area. Referring to access policies into Agri-environmental schemes we will discuss the adoption of new technologies for sustainable rural development, environmental enhancement of the farm and the caution laissez-faire attitude to environmental protection. The data set selected for elaboration on this article are produced by the ISTAT institute on tome series from 2010 to 2015. Attention in this paper was focused on whether education level, age and gender has influenced social policies and the decision-making of producer policies. The results of this research are to investigate and affect factors on agricultural development by proposing a specific framework of analysis and interpretation including correlations existing between age, education and farmer contractors, demographic density changes and the empirical approaches, adopted by rural sociologist.
Compensatory Growth of Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus during the Summer Season

This study was performed to determine possibility of compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder fed a commercial feed during the summer season. Five treatments of fish with triplicates were prepared: C, S1, S2, S3 and S4. Fish in the control group (C) was hand-fed with the commercial feed to apparent satiation twice daily for 6 days a week during 6 weeks. Fish in S1, S2, S3, and S4 experienced 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of starvation before fed to satiation twice daily for 5, 4, 3, and 2 weeks, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 6 weeks. Survival of flounder in C, S1 and S2 was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than that of fish in S4. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of flounder in C and S1 were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than those of fish in S2, S3 or S4. And weight gain and SGR of flounder in S2 and S3 were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than those of fish in S4. Feed consumption of flounder tended to increase with weeks of feeding. Feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio for flounder in C, S1, S2 and S3 were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than those for fish in S4. Moisture content of the whole fish in C was lowest, but highest for fish in S4, respectively. Crude protein content of the whole fish in C was highest, but lowest for fish in S4, respectively. Crude lipid content of the whole fish in C, S1 and S2 was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than that of fish in S4. In conclusion, full compensatory growth was obtained in juvenile olive flounder fed for 5 weeks after 1-week feed deprivation during the summer season. Compensatory growth of fish was well supported by improvement in feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio.
Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of endemic Centaurea fenzlii Reichardt on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the cytotoxic activity of an extract obtained from Centaurea fenzlii Reichardt, and the fractions eluted from this extract, in breast cancer cells. After isolation and structural analysis of the fractions were conducted, a meaningful cytotoxic effect was indicated. The goal of the analysis was to reveal the mechanism by which this effect occurs through researching the apoptotic side of these fractions and determining the amount of several proteins that are the products of the genes. Test substances were applied to breast cancer cells and the inhibitory concentration value 50 (IC50) that caused a cytotoxic effect was determined using MTT and ATP assays. The Centaurea fenzlii Reichardt dichloromethane extracts-ethyl acetate fractions (CFDCMEAF) exhibited a stronger growth-inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells (45.771 μg/mL). The apoptotic effect was studied using double staining and flow cytometry. The death rate in the cells treated with the CFDCM-EAF IC50 dose was approximately 90%: 9.2% living cells, 22.8% necrotic cells, 62.3% late apoptotic cells, and 5.8% early apoptotic cells. Structural analysis of the CFDCM-EAF, which indicated significant cytotoxic effects, was performed using chromatographic methods. Hispidulin was the major component of the CFDCM-EAF by LC-APCI-MS/MS analysis.
Biology of the Sanzo's goby, Lesueurigobius sanzoi (de Buen, 1918), off Cabo Raso, Portugal

The presence of Sanzos's goby, Lesueurigobius sanzoi (de Buen, 1918), off Cabo Raso, Portugal, is recorded for the first time. The biology of this population was studied using 11 samples collected between April 2000 and September 2001 at depths of 70-100 m on muddy and sandy bottoms. The females reach a standard length of 110 mm and the males 103 mm. It attains an age of 24 months, which equals two breeding seasons. The otoliths form two translucent rings each year, which corresponds to the winter growth and the reproduction period. Sanzo's gobies can be classified as prematur and standard individuals, according to whether the first breeding occurs before or after the first winter respectively. Standard individuals, which have an extended first growth, reach a longer length than prematur individuals, whose first growth is much shorter. Although discrete, sexual dimorphism was noticeable even outside the spawning season. The breeding season occurs between May and September/October with more than one spawning. The minimum length for which the maturity stage occurs is 64 mm, at an age of 0+. The feeding activity is quite constant throughout the year, and the diet consists predominantly of small crustacea and molluscs, although polychaets also feature commonly in its diet.
Running title: Extracted nerve allografts and xenografts

When not enough conventional autologous nerve grafts are available, alternatives are needed to bridge nerve defects. Our aim was to study regeneration of nerves in chemically-extracted acellular nerve grafts from frogs, mice, humans (fresh and stored sural nerve), pigs and rats when defects in rat sciatic nerves were bridged. Secondly, we compared two different extraction procedures (techniques described by Sondell et al and Hudson et al) with respect to how efficiently they supported axonal outgrowth, and remaining laminin and myelin basic protein (MBP), after extraction. Isografts (rat) and xenografts (mouse) were transplanted into defects in rat sciatic nerves. Acellular nerve allografts from rats, extracted by the Sondell et al’s technique, had a appreciably longer axonal outgrowt, based on immunohistochemical staining of neurofilaments, than acellular nerve xenografts except those from the pig. Among acellular xenografts there was considerably longer axonal outgrowth in the grafts from pigs compared with those from humans (fresh), but there were no other differences among the xenografts with respect to axonal outgrowth. Axonal outgrowth in acellular nerve xenografts from mice, extracted by the method designed by Sondell et al was longer than in those extracted by Hudson et al’s method, while there was no difference in outgrowth between extracted nerve isografts from rats. Electrophoretic analysis of extracted acellular nerve grafts showed remaining laminin, but not MBP, after both extraction procedures. These preserved laminin and removed MBP in acellular nerve grafts. Such grafts can be used to reconstruct short defects in nerves irrespective of their origin. However, selecting and matching a suitable combination of graft and host species may improve axonal outgrowth.