Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical, laboratory and bacterial profile of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Chronic Liver Disease patients.

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and laboratory features, bacterial profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) in Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY PMRC Centre for Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from April 2010 to March 2012. METHODOLOGY CLD patients with ascites were recruited from PMRC Centre for Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Basic demographics, symptoms and clinical signs of patients were recorded. Patients with the history of antibiotic use within last 3 days or any intra-abdominal source of infection were excluded. Diagnostic paracentesis was done for ascitic fluid detailed report (D/R) and culture. Blood sample was collected for total leukocyte count, serum proteins and billirubin levels. RESULTS Out of a total 152 CLD patients, 38 (25%) were diagnosed with SBP. Eight (24.2%) patients presented with classical SBP, 20 (52.6%) had culture negative neutrocytic ascites and 10 (26%) had bacterascites. Fever, abdominal tenderness and constipation were common in SBP patients. Ascitic fluid culture was positive in 19 (50%) patients. E. coli (65%) was the predominant pathogen followed by Enterococcus species (15%). Resistance was high against cephalosporins (78%) and fluoroquinolones (69.6%) and least against amikacin (13%) and meropenem (12%). CONCLUSION Ascitic fluid D/R and culture together can lead to the accurate diagnosis of SBP and can guide for the right antibiotic choice as resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotic is common in such patients.
Physical activity preferences, motivators, barriers and attitudes of adults with mental illness

Abstract Background: Adults with mental illness may have specific attitudes toward physical activity (PA). Aims: To assess the PA attitudes of non-institutionalised adults with mental illness, and associations with psychological distress. Method: Participants completed questionnaires on activity preferences (type, context and sources of support), motivators, barriers and attitudes toward personal training (PT). Relationships between responses and distress were assessed using logistic regressions. Results: One-hundred forty-two participants completed the questionnaires. PA context preferences included activities done close to home, outdoors, with professional instruction, with people of the same ability, as part of a healthy lifestyle program and with a social component. The most commonly endorsed source of support was an exercise instructor. Most respondents had never received PT; however, PT had high acceptability. Common barriers included poor physical and mental health, and lack of money. Distress was positively associated with barriers of poor mental health, tiredness, disorganisation, exhaustion and being shy/embarrassed (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Local outdoor walking groups that include social and healthy lifestyle components, and that are led by an exercise instructor who can provide support for overcoming barriers, may best meet PA interests of this group. PT could be an acceptable method for offering individualised support.
The role of parents' educational background in healthy lifestyle practices and attitudes of their 6-year-old children

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to examine parents' reported and desired frequencies (practices vs. attitudes) of their 6-year-old children's meals, nutritional intake and lifestyle components, as well as possible obstacles and desired support with respect to higher or lower educational backgrounds. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire study. Setting Five elementary schools in Uppsala, Sweden. Subjects Parents of 176 6-year-old pupils attending the first grade. The total response rate was 89.7%. Results Parents with a college degree reported that their 6-year-olds had a higher frequency of milk, fruit and vegetable intake, more physical activity and fewer hours watching television compared with parents with a secondary school degree. Congruent to these differences in reported practices, more parents with a college degree desired a higher frequency of milk, fruit and vegetable intake, more physical exercise and less television viewing for their children. Regarding parents' desired meal frequencies during the week, no differences between the groups with higher and lower levels of education were found. Despite similar attitudes, however, parents with a college degree reported that their children ate mostly all meals significantly more often during the week. Both parent groups stated lack of time as the most common obstacle in providing their children with desired lifestyle practices, although parents with a secondary school education added lack of money as a contributing factor. Conclusions As attitudes are not always reflected in reported practices, it seems a fruitful approach to assess both, as well as obstacles perceived by parents, before planning interventions to enhance healthy lifestyle habits in children.
The Attentional Blink is Immune to Masking-Induced Data Limits

The attentional blink is the robust finding that processing a masked item (T1) hinders the subsequent identification of a backwards masked second item (T2), which follows soon after the first one. There has been some debate about the theoretically important relation between the difficulty of T1 processing and the ensuing blink. In Experiment 1 we manipulated the difficulty of T1 in such a way as to affect the quality of data without altering the amount of resources allocated to its identification. We found no relation between the accuracy of T1 identification and the blink. In Experiment 2, the same difficulty manipulation was applied to T2, and we observed an additive pattern with the blink. Together, this pattern of results indicates that a data-limited difficulty manipulation does not affect the blink, whether applied to T1 or T2. In Experiment 3 we used an individual differences methodology to show that performance in the traditional “stream”-like presentation (rapid serial visual presentation) was highly correlated with performance in our modified “target mask, target mask” paradigm, thus allowing for comparisons beyond the present methodology to much of the previous literature that has used the stream paradigm.
Crystal structure of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 at 2.7 A resolution.

Homodimeric bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that induces bone formation and regeneration, and determines important steps during early stages of embryonic development in vertebrates and non-vertebrates. BMP-2 can interact with two types of receptor chains, as well as with proteins of the extracellular matrix and several regulatory proteins. We report here the crystal structure of human BMP-2 determined by molecular replacement and refined to an R-value of 24.2 % at 2.7 A resolution. A common scaffold of BMP-2, BMP-7 and the TGF-betas, i.e. the cystine-knot motif and two finger-like double-stranded beta-sheets, can be superimposed with r. m.s. deviations of around 1 A. In contrast to the TGF-betas, the structure of BMP-2 shows differences in the flexibility of the N terminus and the orientation of the central alpha-helix as well as two external loops at the fingertips with respect to the scaffold. This is also known from the BMP-7 model. Small secondary structure elements in the loop regions of BMP-2 and BMP-7 seem to be specific for the respective BMP-subgroup. Two identical helix-finger clefts and two distinct cavities located around the central 2-fold axis of the dimer show characteristic shapes, polarity and surface charges. The possible function of these specific features in the interaction of BMP-2 with its binding partners is discussed.
Transient compartmental expression of neurocan in the developing striatum of the rat

The expression of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan neurocan was examined in the developing striatum of the rat and compared with the distribution of dopaminergic terminals. Neurocan immunoreactivity shows a homogeneous pattern in the embryonic striatum. In the postnatal striatum, neurocan was first expressed within the matrix but not the patch compartments, and subsequently within both. These results suggest that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are involved in formation of connections between the substantia nigra and striatum. J. Neurosci. Res. 51:612–618, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sentiment analysis of textual reviews; Evaluating machine learning, unsupervised and SentiWordNet approaches

This paper presents our experimental results on performance evaluation of all the three approaches for document-level sentiment classification. We have implemented two Machine Learning based classifiers (Naïve Bayes and SVM), the Unsupervised Semantic Orientation approach (SO-PMI-IR algorithm) and the SentiWordNet approaches for sentiment classification of movie reviews. We used two pre-existing large datasets and collected one of moderate size on our own. The paper primarily makes two useful contributions: (a) it presents a comprehensive evaluative account of performance of all the three available approaches on use with movie reviews, and (b) it presents a new modified Adjective+Adverb combine scheme of SentiWordNet approach.
Outcome of malaria-associated acute kidney injury: a prospective study from a single center

Abstract Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the outcome of patients suffering from malaria with acute renal dysfunction. Methods: All adult patients of laboratory-proven malaria with acute kidney injury (AKI) admitted during the period of May 2010 to June 2011 were included. Patient characteristics, physical examination findings, and laboratory parameters were recorded. Patient outcome was assessed in terms of peak serum creatinine level, duration of hospital stay, need for dialysis, and in-hospital mortality rate. Surviving patients were followed up for 3 months to determine progression to chronic kidney disease. Results: This study enrolled 101 patients of malarial AKI. Mean age was 33.70 ± 15.39 years. Oliguric AKI was observed in 44.6% cases. Mean duration of hospital stay was 8.75 ± 7.60 days. Renal replacement therapy was required in 36.6% patients. Ten (9.9%) patients succumbed to illness during hospital stay. Majority of deaths occurred shortly after admission. Mortality risk was significantly associated with raised LDH (p = 0.019), lower hemoglobin level (p = 0.015), raised aspartate transaminases (p < 0.001), and elevated alanine transaminases (p = 0.016). Cerebral malaria was an important determinant of mortality (p = 0.002). Renal parameters, including severity of renal dysfunction and need for dialysis, were not associated with mortality risk. Among 91 survivors, 79 patients completed a 3-month follow-up and all of them had normalization of renal function. Conclusion: We observed 9.9% in-hospital mortality rate in the study cohort. Cerebral malaria was an important risk factor for mortality in malarial AKI patients. Severity of renal dysfunction did not correlate with the mortality risk in our study.
Ulcerated malignant spindle-cell neoplasm of the finger: malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor or desmoplastic malignant melanoma?

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) usually occur in the deep soft tissues in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) in association with or arising from a peripheral nerve, but MPNSTs may also occur in patients without evidence of NF-1. MPNSTs used to be referred to as neurofibrosarcomas, neurogenic sarcomas, malignant schwannomas, and ‘‘Triton tumors’’ when heterologous mesenchymal elements such as rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, or osteosarcoma were present, but MPNST is now the preferred term. MPNSTs may also arise in the skin, and these neoplasms are referred to as cutaneous or superficial MPNSTs (SMPNSTs). MPNSTs, as a group, are rare, and SMPNSTs are even rarer.
Beck Depression Inventory is a useful screening tool for major depressive disorder in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

This study determined the prevalence of and factors associated with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). How a simple self-report instrument, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), correlates with clinical assessment of comorbid MDD in this population was assessed. In a continuous sample of 114 adult patients with GTS, assessed clinically using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria, 26 (23%) patients met criteria for MDD; more severe tics as measured with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, conduct disorder in childhood or higher age at the time of assessment were associated with MDD. The BDI score had a high negative predictive value for diagnosis of MDD, but a low positive predictive value. Using the BDI as a screening tool for comorbid MDD in patients with GTS is suggested.
Utility of immunohistochemistry for CD99 in the identification of matrix‐producing carcinoma of the breast

Sir: We would like to present a case which emphasizes the potential diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry for CD99 (MIC2) in the identification of matrixproducing carcinoma of the breast as reported recently in this journal. We received a spinal biopsy from a lesion thought clinically to represent metastatic carcinoma of breast. The 43-year-old patient had undergone a wide local excision with axillary node dissection for a primary breast cancer 18 months previously. The spinal biopsy comprised bony fragments showing extensive infiltration by a relatively monomorphous population of cells with hyperchromatic ovoid nuclei, a high nucleus: cytoplasm ratio and a little clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm (Figure 1). The cells formed solid sheets or trabeculae or infiltrated as single cells. Areas of palisading were noted. There was no tubule formation. An unusual finding was the presence of focally prominent lightly eosinophilic extracellular matrix which was found both as thin deposits of intercellular material and larger sheet-like deposits engulfing individual tumour cells. This was patchily alcian blue (pH 2.5) positive. Immunohistochemistry was performed as the appearances were not typical of metastatic breast cancer and initial investigations revealed the tumour to be negative for CAM 5.2 (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), MNF116, CD45, CD20 (all Dako, Copenhagen, Denmark) and CD3 (Novocastra, Newcastle, UK). The original breast cancer specimen was retrieved for histological comparison and a further battery of immunohistochemical investigations performed. On review the breast tumour, originally reported as an invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type, was seen to show a similar but much less well developed histological appearance (Figure 2). Thin strands of extracellular matrix were identified between individual cells and stains for alcian blue were positive in central relatively acellular areas of the tumour. The matrix was particularly conspicuous in the initial core biopsy specimen (Figure 3).
Examination of the Role of Expectancies on Task Performance in College Students Concerned about ADHD

Prior research has shown that performance on cognitive tasks can be influenced by expectations (Smith & Sullivan, 2003; Suhr & Gunstad, 2002, 2005). The current study examined whether cuing a belief about the diagnostic saliency of a cognitive task among young adults who expressed concern about having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) influenced task performance. Participants were randomly assigned to either receive neutral directions or be cued to a belief that the task had diagnostic saliency prior to completing a working-memory task. Supporting our hypothesis, college students with higher prestudy report of ADHD symptoms who were cued with a belief about the diagnostic saliency of the task performed worse compared with students who received neutral instructions. As many researchers and clinicians currently rely exclusively on self-reported symptoms and neuropsychological tests to diagnose ADHD, our findings highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment for provision of appropriate clinical services to adults presenting with ADHD concerns.
Analysis of effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication on different machining parameters Cutting Force, Surface Roughness and Tool Wear by Hard Turning of AISI-4340 Alloy Steel a Review

This paper deals with the study of various machining process and show the effect of different cutting parameters on the properties of material. There are several important factors in the product quality which are surface finish, cutting temperature, tool life and coolant quality. The use of coolant generally causes life of tools and it also maintains work piece surface properties without damages. There are some negative effects and cutting fluid wastes in industries. In this paper, attention is focused on minimum quantity lubrication and recent work and some outcomes of machining factors from minimum quantity lubrication are presented. The review of the literature suggests that minimal fluid application provides several benefits in machining. It has been found that hardened alloy steel like AISI 4340 is known to be difficult to cut and a little knowledge is available in use of MQL for cooling. The main objective of the study of MQL is to reduce the surface roughness during machining and machining cost of cutting fluid. The minimum quantity lubrication also affects the surface finishing, reduce tool wear and reduce the cutting force. This paper provides a review of present work and some limitations of conventional cutting fluid machining and growing opportunities for development of the next generation MQL in machining operations.
Salvage treatment experience in advanced synovial sarcoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis of the Anatolian society of medical oncology.

BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate prognostic factors and response rates to various treatment approaches to patients with synovial sarcoma in an advanced setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 55 patients (18 pts; 32.7% women) diagnosed with synovial sarcomas. Twenty had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis while the remainder of the study group consisted of patients who developed metastatic or inoperable locally advanced disease during follow up. RESULTS The median follow up time was 15 months (range: 1-53). Regarding outcomes for the 55 patients, 3 and 5 year overall survival rates were 26% and 14%, respectively. In univariate analyses among demographic factors female gender was associated with a better outcome (p=0.030). Patients with early progressing disease (<2 years) had a worse prognosis when compared to patient group with late relapse, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.056). According to multivariate Cox regression analysis patients who had undergone metastasectomy had a significant survival advantage (p=0.044). The overall response rate to different salvage chemotherapy regimens given as second line treatment was around 42.9-53.9% for all regimes. There were no statistically significant differences between chemotherapy regimens given in either second or third line settings in terms of overall survival. CONCLUSIONS We observed no major differences in terms of response rate and survival between different salvage chemotherapy regimens. Although metastatic disease still carries a poor prognosis, metastasectomy was found to be associated with improved survival.
Who gets adjuvant treatment for stage II and III rectal cancer? Insight from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results--Medicare.

PURPOSE To examine the relationship between patient characteristics and the use of adjuvant pelvic radiation with and without chemotherapy among patients aged 65 years and older with stage II and III rectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database identified 1,411 patients aged 65 and older with resected stage II and III rectal cancers diagnosed between 1992 and 1996. From claims submitted to Medicare, we measured the use of pelvic radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy and pre- or postoperatively. RESULTS Fifty-seven percent of patients received radiation, 42% received chemotherapy and radiation, and 7% had treatment delivered preoperatively. Age was the strongest determinant of treatment: 73% of patients aged 65 to 69, 66% aged 70 to 75, 52% aged 75 to 79, 39% aged 80 to 84, and 21% aged 85 to 89 received radiation. The age trend remained strong after adjusting for other factors that predict receipt of treatment and after exclusion of patients with any evident comorbidity (P <.001). Patients were more likely to receive radiation treatment if they had an abdominal perineal resection, stage III disease, or a T4 tumor. CONCLUSION Because pelvic recurrences are a substantial cause of morbidity, further efforts are needed to ensure that elderly patients have the opportunity to make informed decisions regarding adjuvant treatment.
Impact of Recent Antecedent Hypoglycemia on Hypoglycemic Cognitive Dysfunction in Nondiabetic Humans

To test the hypothesis that glycemic thresholds for hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction, like those for neuroendocrine responses to and symptoms of hypoglycemia, shift to lower plasma glucose concentrations after recent antecedent hypoglycemia, 16 healthy young adult subjects (7 women and 9 men) were studied on two separate occasions in random sequence, once with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (2.6 ± 0.1 mmol/l, 47 ± 1 mg/dl) and once with otherwise identical hyperinsulinemic euglycemia (4.8 ± 0.1 mmol/l, 86 ± 5 mg/dl) between 1430 and 1630. Neuroendocrine, symptomatic, and cognitive responses to hyperinsulinemic stepped hypoglycemic (4.7, 4.2, 3.6, 3.0, 2.8, 2.5, and 2.2 mmol/l; 85, 75, 65, 55, 50, 45, and 40 mg/dl) clamps were quantitated the following morning on both occasions. Cognitive function tests included measures of information processing (Serial Addition), attention (Stroop Arrow Word), pattern recognition and memory (Delayed Non-Match to Sample), and declarative memory (Paragraph Recall). As expected, plasma glucagon (P = 0.0094), epinephrine (P = 0.0063), and pancreatic polypeptide (P = 0.0046) responses to stepped hypoglycemia were reduced significantly, and symptomatic responses tended to be reduced after afternoon hypoglycemia. Performance on the cognitive function tests deteriorated (P < 0.0001) during stepped hypoglycemic clamps, but there were no significant overall effects of antecedent hypoglycemia on hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction. Although deterioration was reduced (P < 0.05) from the 2.8 mmol/l (50 mg/dl) to the 2.5 mmol/l (45 mg/dl) steps on the Serial Addition and Delayed Non-Match to Sample tasks after afternoon hypoglycemia, comparable differences were not found on the Stroop Arrow Word or Paragraph Recall tasks. Thus, glycemic thresholds for hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction, unlike those for neuroendocrine responses to and symptoms of hypoglycemia, do not seem to shift to substantially lower plasma glucose concentrations after recent antecedent hypoglycemia in nondiabetic humans.