Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary natural antioxidant supplementation on broiler chicken and Muscovy duck meat quality

A total of 150 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) and 120 one-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were distributed over 15 and 12 pens, respectively. All birds received the same diet during the first period of life. Throughout the second period (36-56 days for broiler chickens and 43-69 days for Muscovy ducks) different source plant extracts were supplemented to the basal diet for each species; dietary treatments were assigned to three pens each. In the chicken (CK) trial the following dry extracts were tested: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) skin (200 mg lycopene kg-1 feed; CK-L200 group), orange (Citrus aurantium) peel (200 mg hesperidin kg-1 feed; CK-O200 group), and green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves (200 mg catechins kg-1 feed; CK-T200 group). For the Muscovy duck (DK) trial the tested extracts were produced from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves (200 mg carnosic acid kg-1 feed; DK-R200 group) and orange (Citrus aurantium) peel (200 mg hesperidin kg-1 feed; DK-O200 group). The effects in both species were compared with those for the unsupplemented diet (CK-C and DK-C) and the diet supplemented with 200 mg of alpha-tocopheryl acetate (CK-E200 and DK-E200). At the end of each trial three birds per pen were slaughtered. Growth performance, pH and meat proximate composition in both species were not affected by dietary treatments. The TBARS value of chicken leg meat from the unsupplemented group was 3.86, while on average in CK-E200, CK-L200 and CK-O200 it was by 60, 55 and 63% lower (P<0.05), whereas in CK-T200 it was by 25% higher (P<0.05). Dietary treatments did not exert any antioxidant effects on chicken breast meat. The TBARS value of duck breast meat and leg meat from the control was 1.39 and 4.51,
Study on new classification and treatment of vascular malformations in the extremities

Objective: To propose a new clinical classification of vascular malformations (VMs) in the extremities, and to investigate the correlation between the new classification and the effectiveness of treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 256 patients who were treated in our hospital for VMs in the extremities, including their clinical characteristics, imaging data, conventional classification, treatment process and prognosis. Based on the extent of lesion determined by the imaging test, the cases were classified into six categories, which were superficial type, mono-localized type, poly-localized type, extensive type, nerve type, and diffuse type. The treatment process and treatment outcome in all the patients were analyzed, and the correlation between the new classification and the treatment effectiveness were investigated. Results: According to the conventional classification, the lesions (256 cases) could be divided into high-flow VM (arteriovenous malformation, 77 cases) and low-flow VM (venous malformation, 179 cases), while according to the new classification, they could be classified into six types, which were superficial type (84 cases), mono-localized type (56 cases), poly-localized type (23 cases), extensive type (74 cases), nerve type (9 cases), and diffuse type (10 cases). Treatment methods were as follows: most of the patients with superficial type received laser treatment (80/84); most of the patients with mono-localized type or poly localized type underwent surgical excision only (25/56, 12/23); among patients with extensive type, 21 of them underwent surgical excision only (21/74), while 34 received surgical excision plus muscle transfer (34/74); patients with nerve type underwent surgical excision only (2/9) and embolization of draining vein and sclerotherapy (7/9); more than half of the patients with diffuse type received embolization of draining vein and sclerotherapy (6/10, the other 4 patients didn’t received any treatment). Patients were followed up for 1-10 years (average 6.5 years). Under the conventional classification based on the hemodynamics, the improvement rates in patients with high-flow type and low-flow rate were 84.42% and 94.97% respectively, whereas under the new classification based on the extent of lesion, the improvement rates in groups of superficial type, mono-localized type, poly-localized type, extensive type, nerve type and diffuse type were 95.24%, 98.21%, 95.65%, 87.84%, 55.56% and 80.00% respectively (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis found significant difference in the prognosis between these two classifications (P=0.02). Conclusion: The new classification proposed in this study was found to be closely related to the prognosis of VMs in extremities, and treatments received by patients within the same group under the new classification tended to be the same. This finding suggests that the new classification can be applied clinically for assisting in the clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Sexually Transmitted Infections Serological, microbiological and microscopical aspects

The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) is high in the adult populations worldwide but varies between populations and time periods. Since a high proportion of infected individuals are asymptomatic, diagnostic approaches to reduce further transmission and complications are essential. The three main topics of this thesis are (1) the prevalence of the herpes viruses: herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in different populations; (2) the clinical spectrum of genital infection with HSV-2; and (3) the connection between different criteria of cervicitis and female urethritis and a positive test for Chlamydia trachomatis. Herpes simplex virus type 2 infections, diagnosed by type-specific serology, were common in both STI patients and pregnant women. Of the pregnant women 10% were seropositive for HSV-2, and of female and male STI patients 23% and 12% had HSV-2 antibodies, respectively. Infection with HSV-2 was often asymptomatic and only 41% of seropositive patients had a history of genital herpes. Atypical manifestations, so-called unrecognised infections, were common and are of clinical importance. Among 112 male patients with urethritis no cases of herpes simplex virus were found. Instead, Epstein-Barr virus was detected by PCR in urethral samples in a significantly higher proportion of the subjects than in the controls (21% vs. 6%). EBV was also detected in 10.5% of cervical samples from young women attending for Cervical Cancer Screening. In a similar proportion of these women, 11.5%, cytomegalovirus was found in the cervical specimens. In female STI patients a significant correlation with a positive C. trachomatis test was shown for mucopurulent discharge in the cervical portio, for easily induced bleeding from the same locus, and for more polymorph nuclear leucocytes (PMNL) than epithelial cells in the vaginal wet smear. However, no correlation was demonstrated between microscopical cervicitis or urethritis and C. trachomatis. In conclusion, diagnostic tests for HSV-2 should be performed generously in patients with recurring genital symptoms of unknown cause. The detection of EBV in urethral samples from men with urethritis and the demonstration of EBV and CMV in the cervix of young women support genital transmission of these viruses. Epstein-Barr virus was significantly correlated to male urethritis, which has not been demonstrated previously. However, further studies are needed to elucidate a possible causality between EBV and urethritis. Since an elevated number of PMNL in stained smears from the cervix or the urethra was not correlated with a positive test for C. trachomatis, routine sampling for microscopy from these loci in unselected female STI patients is questionable.
1 EVALUATION OF BILATERAL ASYMMETRY OF CONCENTRIC AND ISOMETRIC KNEE EXTENSION-FLEXION STRENGTH IN MALE FENCERS

Fencing is an Olympic combat sport in which two athletes fight through their weapons such as epee, foil and sabre. During the competition, athletes hold the weapon with their dominant arm and stay in defense or attack positions by stepping forward, behind or right/left with dominant leg in front. Depending upon chronic applications structural and/or functional asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant extremities are shown with cross-sectional area and performance measurements. The aim of this study was to compare dominant and non-dominant knee flexion-extension strength values of epee fencers. The study was conducted on nine athletes whose age average was 18,1± 1,4 years. Strength measurements of dominant and non-dominant knees were carried out by using concentric and isometric modules of isokinetic dynamometers (Cybex II). Angular velocities were determined as 24018012060/s and 5 repetitions were done at each velocity. The highest value was accepted as the maximal strength. Isometric contraction was carried out at 60 knee joint angle (when full extension is accepted as 0 during 5 seconds. Ratios of Hamstrings/ Quadriceps were calculated with ratios of strength of flexor and extensor muscles at every angular velocity. Results were analyzed with independent sample t-test and data were given as ±SEM. Strength values of dominant leg were found statistically significantly higher than those of non-dominant leg in 2400/s, 1800/s, 1200/s extension movement and isometric contraction (p<0.05). When examining flexion movement, it was recorded that strength of dominant leg was higher than that of non-dominant leg at 2400/s velocity and during isometric contraction (p<0.05). There was no meaningful difference in H/ Q ratios between dominant and non dominant legs (p<0.05). These findings suggest that, there is an important difference in terms of dominant and non-dominant leg strength in high level fencers, though ratio of H/Q is similar, differences in strength performance may affect adversely general performance of the athletes and increase the risk of injury.
The structure and evolution of cold dark matter halos

In the standard cosmological model a mysterious cold dark matter (CDM) component dominates the formation of structures. Numerical studies of the formation of CDM halos have produced several robust results that allow unique tests of the hierarchical clustering paradigm. Universal properties of halos, including their mass profiles and substructure properties are roughly consistent with observational data from the scales of dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters. Resolving the fine grained structure of halos has enabled us to make predictions for ongoing and planned direct and indirect dark matter detection experiments. While simulations of pure CDM halos are now very accurate and in good agreement (recently claimed discrepancies are addressed in detail in this review), we are still unable to make robust, quantitative predictions about galaxy formation and about how the dark matter distribution changes in the process. Whilst discrepancies between observations and simulations have been the subject of much debate in the literature, galaxy formation and evolution needs to be understood in more detail in order to fully test the CDM paradigm. Whatever the true nature of the dark matter particle is, its clustering properties must not be too different from a cold neutralino like particle to maintain all the successes of the model in matching large scale structure data and the global properties of halos which are mostly in good agreement with observations.
Out-of-school-time study programmes: do they work?

Abstract We analyse the prevalence and effectiveness of out-of-school-time (OST) study programmes among secondary aged students, focusing on their potential for reducing socio-economic gaps in educational achievement. Compared to several extant studies, including the only prior study for Britain, whose findings could be affected by heterogeneous participation in the programmes, our results derive from a rich dataset with multiple controls for social background, personal motivation, and school characteristics. We find that programme participation in England is relatively low among students from families with long-term unemployed parents and those in routine occupations. Participation is also lower outside London, and especially outside large cities. Our results show that OST programmes, as long as they are teacher-led, are moderately effective in improving the academic performance at the end of lower secondary education as measured by the GCSE total score. Teacher-led OST programmes compensate for previous social disadvantage. The policy implications include a focus on expanding programme availability and on incentives for participation, and attention to the regional disparities.
Universitet IMF and economic reform in developing countries

In this paper we assess the IMF approach to economic reform in developing countries. The impact of IMF program participation on economic growth has been evaluated empirically in a cross-country literature, with little evidence of IMF programs having been successful. This suggests that a fresh approach is in order. However, the cross-country approach is unlikely to provide a sound basis for drawing clear conclusions, so we review IMF programs from a different perspective, involving a broader literature on development strategy. In particular, it is widely accepted that a common characteristic of IMF programs is a high degree of policy rigidity. This is in contrast with studies which hold that unleashing an economy’s growth potential hinges on a set of well-targeted policy interventions aimed at removing country-specific binding constraints. The process of locating constraints that bind involves growth diagnostics and policy trialing. This approach maintains that not all distortions are equally important and, by extension, not all policy reforms. From this point of view, IMF programs based on a list of standard conditionalities will not accomplish much. But policy trialing is more relevant to actors and entities with a broader, and more microeconomic, focus such as national policymakers and the World Bank. It is in choices among competing projects and programs that trial and error is most likely to be necessary. Nevertheless, reforms of the IMF such as the “streamlining initiative” should start from a good understanding of the reasons for adherence to policy orthodoxy. We discuss underlying institutional and organizational reasons for policy rigidity and consider some suggested reforms. © 2009 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Immunohistochemical Profile of Calponin , 14-3-3 σ and Maspin in Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Salivary gland tumors are a morphologically and clinically diverse group of neoplasms which may present significant diagnostic and management challenges. This study aims to investigate the expression of calponin, 14-3-3σ, and maspin proteins in their role as myoepithelial cell markers within malignant salivary gland neoplasms, derived from myoepithelial cells (MECs). Twenty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of malignant salivary gland neoplasms (11 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 4 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and 5 pleomorphic adenoma), were used in this study. For immunohistochemical staining, a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was utilized. The area fraction of immunopositivity for four different microscopic fields was measured and then used to calculate the mean area fraction. Immunohistochemical and image analysis results of the present study revealed a higher calponin, 14-3-3σ and maspin expression in malignant pleomorphic adenoma, with intermediate expression seen in adenoid cystic carcinoma and the least expression detected in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. It may be assumed that myoepithelial cells play a role in tumor development in malignant salivary gland neoplasms, where MECs exist together with luminal cells. [Wael Y. Elias. Immunohistochemical Profile of Calponin, 14-3-3 σ and Maspin in Salivary Gland Neoplasms. Life Sci J 2015;12(7):29-34]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 5
A LOW-THERMAL EXPANSION, HIGH STRENGTH Ni-MO-Cr ALLOY FOR GAS TURBINES

A low-thermal expansion, high strength Ni-Mo-Cr alloy, HAYNES @ 242m alloy, has been developed for gas turbine applications. The hardening response and microstructures of a series of experimental Ni-Mo-Cr alloys were investigated to define the chemical composition of the alloy: Ni-25Mo-8Cr. The standard heat treatment of the alloy results in the homogeneous formation of the Ni,(Mo,Cr) superlattice domains approximately 10 nm in size. The formation of a large volume fraction of the Ni,(Mo,Cr) phase, isotypic with Pt,Mo, is responsible for the strengthening of the alloy which is accompanied by only a modest decrease in the ductility. Prolonged aging at 650°C up to 4000 hours, coarsens the domains without loss of strength. The paper presents a brief account of the development and physical metallurgy of the alloy. HAYNES is a registered trademark and 242 is a trademark of Haynes International, Inc.
Crystalline Particle Packings on a Sphere with Long Range Power Law Potentials

The original Thomson problem of “spherical crystallography” seeks the ground state of electron shells interacting via the Coulomb potential; however one can also study crystalline ground states of particles interacting with other potentials. We focus here on long range power law interactions of the form 1/r (0 < < 2), with the classic Thomson problem given by = 1. At large R/a, where R is the sphere radius and a is the particle spacing, the problem can be reformulated as a continuum elastic model that depends on the Young’s modulus of particles packed in the plane and the universal (independent of the pair potential) geometrical interactions between disclination defects. The energy of the continuum model can be expressed as an expansion in powers of the total number of particles, M � (R/a) 2 , with coefficients explicitly related to both geometric and potential-dependent terms. For icosahedral configurations of twelve 5-fold disclinations, the first non-trivial coefficient of the expansion agrees with explicit numerical evaluation for discrete particle arrangements to 4 significant digits; the discrepancy in the 5th digit arises from a contribution to the energy that is sensitive to the particular icosadeltahedral configuration and that is neglected in the continuum calculation. In the limit of a very large number of particles, an instability toward grain boundaries can be understood in terms of a “Debye–Huckel” solution, where dislocations have continuous Burgers’ vector “charges”. Discrete dislocations in grain boundaries for intermediate particle numbers are discussed as well.
Comparative Sport Fish Performance of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout in Three Small Put-Grow-and-Take Reservoirs

Abstract Field trials using two forms of Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki utah were conducted in three small put-grow-and-take reservoirs located in southern Utah and performance of these forms was compared with nonnative trout traditionally stocked in Utah. For more than 2 years we conducted poststocking assessments of relative abundance, growth, body condition (KTL), sexual maturity, and return to the creel among fishes subjected to a variety of environmental conditions. Study fish included Bonneville cutthroat trout native to southern Utah; Bonneville cutthroat from Bear Lake in Utah and Idaho; an introduced subspecific hybrid (Yellowstone cutthroat trout O. clarki bouvieri × Colorado River cutthroat trout O. clarki pleuriticus), commonly stocked in the past for sport fish management; and rainbow trout O. mykiss, which have been traditionally the most frequently stocked species in Utah. Rainbow trout had the fastest growth, highest condition, and highest returns (39–60%), except when marg.
Persepsi Remaja tentang Peran Gender dan Gender Seksualitas di Kota Semarang

ABSTRACT Basically, women and men differ in physical characteristics, however, the difference and a problem when used as an injustice, conflict, suppression and oppression, which raises the existence of injustice and inequality. The aim of research to identify factors that influence adolescent perceptions of gender roles and gender sexuality. Quantitative research with cross sectional approach. A sample of 395 taken by simple random sampling of High School students of class XI in Semarang. Retrieving data using a structured questionnaire. univariate analysis with frequency distribution, bivariate with chi square and multivariate regression logistic. The research showed respondents have a good perception of gender roles and gender sexuality is 51,6% , there is a relationship between the origin of living, sex, peer influence and experience sexuality in dating to the perception of gender roles and gender sexuality in respondents. And sex is the dominant variable contributes. Keywords: adolescence, perception, gender roles, gender sexuality.
Managing Microfinance Risks: Some Observations and Suggestions

Risk is an integral part of financial intermediation. Hence, risk management must be at the heart of finance. However, it is disturbing to note that systematic risk management is still not as widespread as it should be in the microfinance industry. Except for a few flagship microfinance institutions (MFIs), which constitute the core of the industry, most MFIs do not pay adequate attention to systematic risk management. The microfinance industry has grown rapidly during the last decade in breadth, depth, and scope of outreach. The rapid growth seems to continue, given the massive unserved and underserved market. The growth of the industry has changed the risk profile of MFIs. Yet many MFIs seem to continue to seek growth without much attention to attendant risks. Surprisingly, many MFIs appear to neglect even the basic credit risk management which helped MFIs achieve high growth rates historically. The growing interest of many MFIs in agricultural microfinance must be seen in the broader context of risk management in the industry. Financing agriculture is more risky than financing trade or industry; it is also more risky than financing nonagricultural microenterprises. However, MFIs interested in agricultural microfinance should be more concerned about their internal structures and capabilities rather than the widely discussed, and often cited, pervasive risks in agriculture and their ramifications for the MFIs' pursuit of growth in agricultural microfinance. MFIs should recognize the inherent risks in agriculture. However, if they build their institutional capacity to effectively deal with risks generally associated with financial services for poor and lowincome households, their prospects for success in agricultural microfinance would certainly be much brighter. In addition, no amount of sophisticated and modern technical tools and analysis can help achieve effective risk management in respect of nonagricultural or agricultural microfinance if risk management is not embedded into the institutional culture and its value is not shared by all employees. Achieving this goal remains one of the most challenging tasks in risk management which MFIs need to address. To help in this effort, we need to bring into the discussion—now dominated largely by issues related to introducing sophisticated systems and technical tools of risk management—the institutional cultural issues and issues related to cognitive biases in executive decision-making behavior.