Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Itamu umumi yooya’ ökiwni (“We Will Arrive as Rain to You”): Evidence of Historical Relationships among Western Basketmaker, Fremont, and Hopi Peoples

During Basketmaker II (∼800 BC to AD 400), Kiowa-speaking Eastern Basketmaker (EBM) farmers who migrated north shared threads of common heritage with Fremont peoples [Ortman and McNeil, 2017. The Kiowa Odyssey: Evidence of Historical Relationships among Pueblo, Fremont, and North Plains Peoples. Plains Anthropologist 63(246):152-174]. But were EBM farmers alone on their migration north? In this paper, we draw upon linguistic, archaeological, and rock art evidence to argue that: (1) during BM II, Central Mesa Verde served as a “interaction zone” between Hopi foragers (or forager-farmers) and Kiowa farmers; (2) affiliated Hopi and Kiowa groups migrated through west-central Colorado and the Tavaputs Plateaus to the Uintah Basin; (3) both groups shared threads of common heritage with Eastern Fremont people; and (4) while Kiowa-Fremont farmers remained in the Uintah Basin until approximately AD 1300 [Finley et al. 2019. Multidecadal Climate Variability and Florescence of Fremont Societies in Eastern Utah. American Antiquity, in press]. Hopi-Fremont who became farmers left earlier (∼AD 1050), embarking on a return migration south to join Hopi-speaking kinsmen in the south.
The assessment of safety symbol understandability by different testing methods

This paper reports an experiment on the understandability of pictorial symbols proposed for fire-safety alerting. The purpose of the experiment was two-fold: 1) to determine the understandability of each symbol to a group of potential users; and 2) to assess the effects of variations in both presentation and response methods upon the measurement of understandabi lity . Twenty-five symbols, of which twenty-two had been proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) were evaluated for understandability with 91 U.S. subjects. These symbols were presented in three different ways: slides, placards, or booklets. Subjects indicated their understanding of each symbol's meaning by one of two response methods: by writing a brief definition or by selecting the correct definition from among four alternatives. In addition, for both methods, subjects rated their confidence in the correctness of their answers. In a second phase of the experiment, all subjects were given 15 different messages and asked to draw a symbol that would convey each message. The results revealed no effect of the mode of symbol presentation. The definition and multiple choice response procedures led to generally similar conclusions. The confidence ratings provided useful additional information and helped to reconcile some of the discrepancies between the two response methods. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed. The understandability of the 25 symbols ranged from near zero to virtually complete comprehension. The poor performance of some critical symbols such as "exit" was noted, and some potentially dangerous confusions in meaning were revealed. The drawings produced by subjects for given referents (or symbol meanings) were most likely to be different in image from ISO proposed symbols for those symbols which were poorly understood. These data underscore the importance of determining the understandability of safety symbols before symbol standards are adopted.
Paradise Lost, or Paradise Regained? Conceptions and Ideologies of Himah as a Ritual Site in the Highlands of South-Western Arabia

A research focus on cognitive procedures in rituals, and on their roles in the creative or destructive tensions between conflict and consensus, opens up room for a variety of theoretical and methodological perspectives. These may include cognitive anthropology with an emphasis on clinical psychology (see Tatiana Bužeková, this volume) and medical anthropology with its attention for transitional rites as targeted events within biographical strategies (see Eva-Maria Knoll, this volume). My own approach, on the other hand, is primarily inspired by the anthropology of ideologies and of religion and thus investigates the social and ideological production of ritual concepts, and of cognition in and about ritual. Such an obvious diversity of theoretical and methodological approaches, however, does not necessarily imply that these different perspectives have to be taken as being mutually exclusive. On the contrary – one may argue that cognitive and psychological anthropology help us to understand how the mind is shaped by and interacts with ritual processes, while approaches inspired by medical anthropology shed light on biographical transformations of the body through ritualised strategies. A focus on ideologies, finally, helps us to grasp the socio-cultural production of standard cognitive situations and conditions, which in many ways set the stage for what is then discussed more closely by those other approaches. This is how my text is situated within the wider range of non-exclusive and mutually supportive, different approaches to cognition in ritual. This article has five sections, which basically discuss protected ritual zones of natural reserves on mountain peaks in south-western Arabia (see Fig. 1: map, p. 65). While this empirical theme is explored through a defined theoretical perspective, it will become clear as the analysis unfolds how the theme also relates to a trope that inspired not only John Milton, Joseph Haydn and Krzysztof Penderecki, but also many others. Section one gives a theoretical and ethnographic overview, and section two will then outline main tendencies of what is happening on the ground in today’s globalised present. Section three focuses on the locally prevailing ideological patterns today, while section four will feature some of the historical background to that. Section five will then return to the globalised present in order to highlight some of the main contests and interests that inform the issue today and tomorrow.
Vertebrados post-glaciales en un residuario fósil de Tyto alba scopoli (Aves: Tytonidae ) en el occidente de

Resumen: Se estudio un deposito fosilifero cavernario localizado en el occidente de Cuba y constituido por regurgitaciones de estrigidas. Este deposito fue el resultado de la actividad trofica de la lechuza ( Tyto alba ), la cual depredo anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamiferos, y fue fechado entre el Holoceno Temprano a Medio (C 14 -7 864 ± 96 anos AP). Este estudio mostro una panoramica de la fauna antigua procedente de paisajes terrestres con bosques humedos en sabanas, con posterioridad a la culminacion de la ultima fase arida del Pleistoceno-Holoceno. Palabras clave: Paleontologia; Tafonomia, Tyto alba , Regurgitaciones, Pleistoceno-Holoceno, Cuba. Abstract: A cave fossiliferous deposit formed for barn owl pellets in western part of Cuba are studied. This were results barn owl ( Tyto alba ) predation on amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals and are dated in Early-Middle Holocene (C 14 -7 864 ± 96 years BP). These studies show an ancient faunal picture from terrestrial landscapes with moist forest in savannas after last Pleistocene-Holocene arid period. Key words: Paleontology, Tafonomy, Tyto alba , ,Regurgitations, Pleistocene-Holocene.
Who Dominates the Discourses of the Past? Gender, Occupational Affiliation, and Multivocality in North American Archaeology Publishing

Equity and the dissemination of knowledge remain major challenges in science. Peer-reviewed journal publications are generally the most cited, yet certain groups dominate in archaeology. Such uniformity of voice profoundly limits not only who conveys the past but also what parts of the material record are narrated and/or go untold. This study examines multiple participation metrics in archaeology and explores the intersections of gender and occupational affiliation in peer-reviewed (high time cost) and non-peer-reviewed (reduced time cost) journals. We find that although women and compliance archaeologists remain poorly represented in regional and national peer-reviewed journals, they are much more active in unrefereed publications. We review feminist and theoretical explanations for inequities in science and argue that (1) the persistent underrepresentation of women and of compliance professionals in archaeological publishing are structurally linked processes and (2) such trends can be best understood in light of the existing structure of American archaeology and the cost-benefit realities of publishing for people in various sectors of the discipline. We suggest that nonrefereed venues offer a pathway to multivocality and help to address epistemic injustices, and we discuss methods for widening the current narrow demographic of men and academics who persist in dominating discourses. La equidad y la difusión del conocimiento siguen siendo grandes desafíos de la ciencia. Las publicaciones de revistas revisadas por pares son generalmente las más citadas, sin embargo, ciertos grupos dominan en arqueología. Esta uniformidad de voz limita profundamente no solo quién transmite el pasado, sino también que partes del registro material se narran y/o no se mencionan. Este estudio examina múltiples métricas de participación en arqueología y explora las intersecciones de género y afiliación ocupacional en revistas revisadas por pares (costo de tiempo alto) y no revisadas por pares (costo de tiempo reducido). Encontramos que aunque las mujeres y arqueólogos por contrato siguen siendo poco representados en revistas arbitradas regionales y nacionales, son mucho más activos en publicaciones no arbitradas. Revisamos explicaciones feministas y teóricas de las inequidades en la ciencia y argumentamos que (1) la representación insuficiente de mujeres y de profesionales por contrato en publicaciones arqueológicas son procesos estructuralmente vinculados y (2) las tendencias se pueden entender mejor a la luz de la estructura existente de la arqueología estadounidense y las realidades de costo-beneficio de la publicación para el público en diversos sectores de la disciplina. Sugerimos que las plataformas no arbitradas ofrezcan un camino hacia la multivocalidad y ayuden a abordar las injusticias epistémicas y discutan métodos para ampliar la estrecha demografía actual de hombres y académicos que persisten en los discursos dominantes.
Did the Romans Have a Future?

Abstract In analysing matters as diverse as state financing, strategic planning, public benefactions and long-term credit in private business transactions, the historian is faced with an underlying problem about the perceptions of time. One aspect of this problem is the manner in which pictures of a complex future are reflected in the behaviour of agents engaged in these activities. The manner in which actions were (or were not) taken by them suggests a peculiar configuration of future time in the Roman world. It is speculatively argued that perspectives on the future had analogies with the different ways in which a sense of depth was created by artists working on a two-dimensional space and with the contextual ways in which spatial perspective was employed.
The cyclical behavior of bank capital buffers in an emerging economy: size do matters

Using a panel of Colombian banks and quarterly data between 1996:1 and 2010:3, we study the relationship between short-run adjustments in bank capital buffers and the business cycle. We follow a partial adjustment framework and control for several variables that have been identified as important determinants of bank capital buffers in previous studies, and find that bank capital buffers vary overthe business cycle. We are able to identify a negative co-movement of capital buffers and and the business cycle. However, we also find that capital buffers of small and large banks behave asymmetrically during the business cycle. While the former appear to be constant over time, once the appropriate set of control variables is used, the latter present a countercyclical behavior. Our results suggest the possible need of the implementation of regulatory policy measures in developing countries.
Keystroke Dynamics: Utilizing Keyprint Biometrics to Identify Users in Online Courses

Keystroke Dynamics: Utilizing Keyprint Biometrics to Identify Users in Online Courses Jay Richards Young Department of Instructional Psychology and Technology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy This study examined the potential use of keystroke dynamics to create keyprints (typing fingerprints) to authenticate individuals in online assessment situations. The implications of this study are best understood in terms of the keystroke behavioral biometric. While previous studies considered the degree to which keystroke typing patterns are unique, this study was set up to determine how well keyprints are able to identify individuals when typing under various treatment conditions (copy typing, free typing, and typing with mild or moderate impediments). While authentication can be difficult when attempting to correctly identify individual users, the results of this study indicate that keyprints can be a solid indicator of negative cases (i.e., flagging situations where a typing sample is likely not the correct individual). As anticipated, typing with a temporary impediment does diminish the algorithms’ ability to identify students. This is also the case when user samples are typed under conditions different from those in which the keyprint baseline signature was captured (i.e., copy versus free typing). The ability to identify individuals is also challenging when using small comparison samples. However, the ability of the system to identify negative cases functions fairly well in each instance.
Study on the Value and Inheritance Innovation of Minnan Culture Integrated into the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

As part of Chinese national culture, Minnan culture embodies the particular cultural connotation, way of thinking and mentality of Chinese nation. Also, as a kind of regional culture, it boasts local characteristics related to its own geographic environment. In the context of building a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, efforts have been put into the strong expansion of connotation of Minnan culture and building of value inheritance system for Minnan culture with diverse advantages. As the sustainable and innovative development of Minnan culture, this paper studies how to boost the closest regional cooperation between Fujian and ASEAN countries and deliver win-win results with Minnan culture as a link, expand Fujian-Taiwan exchange and cooperation so as to promote the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and implement China’s strategy of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Keywords-Minnan, 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,
Consumer attitudes towards electric vehicles: Effects of product user stereotypes and self-image congruence

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of gamification on connections between consumers’ self-image congruence in relation to the purchasers of an environmentally friendly product electric vehicles (EVs) and their possession of a stereotype of EV owners as being “unconventional”, and their attitudes towards EVs, having regard to their levels of environmental concern and prior knowledge of EVs. Additionally, the research explored the link between attitudes towards and willingness to purchase EVs. ,Participants completed a questionnaire and an Implicit Association Test (IAT) both before and after playing a computer game wherein the player assumed the identity of an EV driver. A structural equation model was constructed to predict attitude to EVs. The relationship between attitude and willingness to purchase was examined via a conditional process analysis. ,The experience of playing the game improved the favourability of the respondents’ stereotype of EV owners by an average of 19 per cent, and their attitude towards EVs by 17 per cent. Self-image congruence in relation to EV ownership increased on the average by 14 per cent and reported EV product knowledge by 8 per cent. However, willingness to purchase an EV was not substantially affected. The link between attitude and willingness to purchase was weak, but was significantly moderated by stereotype favourability and self-image congruence with EV owners. ,As with any IAT study, it was necessary to pre-specify a particular form of stereotype. Future research could employ alternative stereotypes. The investigation took place in a single country and involved a single environmentally friendly product. ,Gamification has much potential for helping manufacturers and government agencies to stimulate the mass market for EVs. To negate unfavourable images of EV owners, marketing communications promoting EVs might usefully employ celebrities, sports personalities and/or leading political figures as exemplars of the types of people who drive electric cars. ,The research is the first to explore the effects of gamification on product user self-image congruence and stereotype formation. It is novel both in its employment of an IAT to measure the consumer stereotype of an environmentally friendly product and in its examination of the moderating influences of stereotype and product user self-image congruence on the attitude-willingness to purchase link.
Interference-Aware Routing Supporting CARMNET System Operation in Large-Scale Wireless Networks

The paper provides the research results concerning interference-aware routing metrics supporting the operation of large-scale wireless mesh/multi-hop networks. In particular, the description of state of the art in this domain of research has been provided and used in order to define a new interference-aware metric for multi-radio networks. The proposed solution is aimed at supporting traffic control mechanisms for multi-hop wireless networks by improving performance of any system controlling multi-hop wireless transmission, e.g., a system widening the access to the Internet by means of wireless communication such as a CARMNET system. Moreover, the paper presents the implementation of a set of tools necessary to provide experimental evaluation of the solution in a large-scale wireless environment as well as a set of tests comparing the performance of the proposed metric with state-of-the-art solutions. The experiments have been performed in the DES-Testbed located at Freie Universität Berlin, which is one of the largest wireless testbeds in Europe. Each of the nodes taking part in experimentation has a CARMNET Loadable Linux Kernel Module (CARMNET LLKM) deployed. Keywords–wireless mesh/multi-hop networks; interferenceaware routing; large-scale wireless experimentation.
Outcomes of Service Learning Experiences as Predictors of Critical Thinking Skills

Service learning courses provide opportunities for students to experience human services work in the field and apply it to curricula. Learning objectives often pair experiences in the field with gaining knowledge and improving academic skills. The present study examined a model of critical thinking development from service learning that combines professional and community perspectives (Sedlak, Doheny, Panthofer, & Anaya, 2003). In a sample of 182 students at one university, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis found that service learning outcome variables had some influence on critical thinking skills after controlling for demographic and academic variables, as the model predicted. Implications of the findings support the role of service learning as a core pedagogy in family science and human services curricula.
Anatomical pathogenesis of Pseudomonas savastanoi on olive and genesis of knots

The development of the olive knot disease was studied taking into consideration the anatomical changes in the different parts of inoculated twig tissues, the genesis of knots and the defense reactions of the plant. At the inoculation site, bacterial inoculum invaded the cortical parenchyma, moving into the intercellular spaces and degrading the primary cell walls. The proliferation and advance of the pathogen into the different tissues of the twig was accompanied by the hyperplastic activity of parenchyma cells in affected tissues, resulting in the development of the knot. The knot was made up of hyperplastic cells, numerous cambia, and xylem elements of different origins. Cells with lignified walls surrounded bacterial cavities and the outer surface of the knots was surrounded with new periderm. At later stages of knot development, hyperplastic activities of new tissue masses exerted pressure on the periderm at the surface of the knot and induced fissures that cracked open to the outside exposing bacterial cavities.
How to Manage Person-Role Conflicts: Differential Effects of Transformational Leadership Dimensions and the Moderating Role of Individual Cultural Orientation

Veronika Selzer is Research Associate at the Department of Marketing and Innovation at University of Passau, Innstraße 27, 94032 Passau, Germany, E-Mail: veronika.selzer@ googlemail.com. * Corresponding Author. Jan H. Schumann is Professor of Marketing and Innovation at University of Passau, Innstraße 27, 94032 Passau, Germany, E-Mail: jan.schumann@ uni-passau.de. Marion Büttgen is Professor of Corporate Management at University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstraße 42, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany, E-Mail: buettgen@unihohenheim.de. Zelal Ates is Professor of Marketing at TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences, Schmalenbach School of Business and Economics, Claudiusstraße 1, 50678 Köln, Germany, E-Mail: zelal. ates@th-koeln.de. Julian Volz is Research Associate at the Department of Corporate Management at University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstraße 42, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany, E-Mail: julian.volz@porsche.de. Marcin Komor is Research Associate at the Department of Marketing at University of Economics in Katowice, ul. 1 Maja 50, 40–287 Katowice, Poland, E-Mail: komor@ue.katowice. pl. How to Manage Person-Role Conflicts: Differential Effects of Transformational Leadership Dimensions and the Moderating Role of Individual Cultural Orientation
Digit Recognition in Natural Scene Texts

Digit recognition from a natural scene text in video surveillance/broadcasting applications is a challenging research task due to blurred, font variations, twisted, and non-uniform color distribution issues with a digit in a natural scene to be recognized. In this paper, to solve the digit number recognition problem, a principal-axis based topology contour descriptor with support vector machine (SVM) classification is proposed. The contributions of this paper include: a) a local descriptor with SVM classification for digit recognition, b) higher accuracy than the state-of-the art methods, and c) low computational power (0.03 second/digit recognition), which make this method adoptable to real-time applications.
The Language of Generalization

Language provides simple ways of communicating generalizable knowledge to each other (e.g., “Birds fly,” “John hikes,” and “Fire makes smoke”). Though found in every language and emerging early in development, the language of generalization is philosophically puzzling and has resisted precise formalization. Here, we propose the first formal account of generalizations conveyed with language that makes quantitative predictions about human understanding. The basic idea is that the language of generalization expresses that an event or a property occurs relatively often, where what counts as relatively often depends upon one’s prior expectations. We formalize this simple idea in a probabilistic model of language understanding, which we test in 3 diverse case studies: generalizations about categories (generic language), events (habitual language), and causes (causal language). We find that the model explains the gradience in human endorsements that has perplexed previous attempts to formalize this swath of linguistic expressions. This work opens the door to understanding precisely how abstract knowledge is learned from language.