Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User-centre design criteria in next generation vehicle console

The purpose of this work is to gauge user opinions on vehicle dashboard design to ascertain the criteria important to consumers for the next generation of automobile dashboards. The results provide insight into the aspects of dashboard design that users feel are not beneficial and thereby lead to better informed dashboard designs in the future. Participants reviewed the physical ergonomics of their vehicles very positively. However, in dashboard design and instrument panel layout they were unsure of what an ideal dashboard would look like, often showing contradictory views. Controls on the steering wheel were also well reviewed but controls near the gear stick were not. In terms of vehicle technology Satnavs received good scoring for effectiveness but were reported as distracting. IVISs were negatively reviewed. Finally, automation was reviewed as potentially improving the daily lives of individuals but trust in automation is still a problem. Overall, this study showed that whilst dashboards are relatively well reviewed there are still issues to be addressed regarding in-vehicle technology and distraction, as well as improving public opinion on automated vehicles. Results represent the first stage in research studying current dashboards and distraction of in-vehicle technology and the design of automated dashboards of the future using virtual reality environments to create optimal console designs for drivers. Conference Research and Innovation for Future Production.
Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Secretions by Polarized Airway Epithelial Cells Infected by Normal and Small-Colony Variant Staphylococcus aureus Strains are Similar Despite Differences in Infection Levels

Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants (SCVs) can efficiently infect non-professional phagocytes and are often referred to as facultative intracellular pathogens. The ability to hide and persist within host cells is likely to contribute to the development of chronic S. aureus infections such as those observed in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Polarized human pulmonary Calu-3 cells were used to confirm that S. aureus small-colony variants (SCVs) persist within epithelial cells without exacerbating the innate immune response. Whereas all studied S. aureus strains significantly induced the secretion of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) by Calu-3 cells 48 hours after cellular invasion, dead bacteria did not. Surprisingly, no difference in the secretion of these interleukins was detected between cells infected with normal and SCV strains despite the marked difference in infection levels. This study supports the hypothesis that despite their increased ability to persist inside epithelial cells, SCVs do not over activate the host immune response in comparison to normal strains. SCVs may thus help to perpetuate infection without exacerbation of the host immune response.
A Formal Approach to Concurrent Error Detection in FPGA LUTs

In this thesis we discuss a formal approach to the design of concurrent error detection (CED) logic in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Single event upsets (SEUs) occurring in look-up table (LUT) configuration bits are considered as the fault model. Our approach involves representing the LUT network of the design implemented in the FPGA with constraints to model the presence of SEUs as a boolean formula in conjunctive normal form. A quantified boolean formula (QBF) based approach to designing CED logic based on parity check codes is found to be infeasible for designs of a realistic size. It is shown that a satisfiability (SAT) solver can be used to find variable assignments that indicate which circuit outputs can be corrupted by upset events in the specified fault model. An algorithm is presented to automatically generate a parity check code, which will identify with one clock cycle detection latency a malfunction caused by an SEU. The resulting parity check logic can be verified using a SAT solver and it is shown to require fewer LUT resources than duplication for most circuits.
Intra-Industry Effects of IPOs on Stock Repurchase Decisions of Rival Firms

Previous studies suggest that the market perceives IPOs as bad news (i.e., competitive threats) to existing firms in the same industry. At the same time, the market has a tendency to be overly optimistic about IPO prospects, especially during hot IPO markets. Thus, the negative industry rival reaction could be the result of investors’ over-optimism toward the IPOs’ growth prospects and underestimation of the competitive positions of industry rivals. Our findings show that rival firms use repurchases as a means to signal their firm quality, as well as to correct the market’s overreaction to the bad news. These IPO-induced repurchases are stronger when the rival firms are in a concentrated industry and experienced poor stock performance in the previous year.
Towards a revision of the genus Halectinosoma (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ectinosomatidae): new species from the North Atlantic and Arctic regions

This paper contributes to a revision of the genus Halectinosoma. Four new species are described, based on examination of ectinosomatid material from localities in western Europe, eastern Canada and the Arctic. Halectinosoma mandibularis sp. nov. is distinguishable from other species by the reduced setation of the mouthparts and enlarged mandibular gnathobase. Halectinosoma latisetifera sp. nov. bears an affinity with H. cooperatum but is easily distinguished by the shape of the setae on the female fifth leg. A species previously erroneously ascribed to H. finmarchicum (Scott) by several authors is described here as Halectinosoma kliei sp. nov.Halectinosoma gothiceps (Giesbrecht) is redescribed and the closely related Halectinosoma paragothiceps sp. nov. is described and distinguished from H. gothiceps. It is considered likely that some previous records of H. gothiceps are in error. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 149, 453–475.
Personal characteristics, occupational stress and turnover intentions among school teachers in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Stress is considered as a serious problem in the modern workplace. This paper summarizes occupational stress and turnover intentions experienced by secondary school teachers in the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences across different personal characteristics of the teachers and their level of stress and turnover intention. A total of 150 self-administered questionnaires were collected from secondary schools in the state of Negeri Sembilan. The study reveals that there are significant differences between teachers’ personal characteristics with occupational stress and turnover intention. This study also revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention experienced by these teachers. Based on the results, some recommendations are provided.
Ethical Trading in Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case of Walmart, Apple and Canon

The objective of the study was to determine the extent to which an organization is socially responsible. Studies describe the social responsibility of an organization based on how the organization engages the society in its projects. Across the firms, Apple and Walmart, each scoring 14%, emerged as the most socially responsible organizations while canon trailed behind by 4%. The regression analysis depicted the existence of a significant relationship between the variables. From the analysis, it is evident that the ethical behavior of an organization and a socially responsible organization has a positive significant relationship with how a firm performs in the market. Apparently, an increase in a firm’s ethical behavior results to about 55.5% increment in a firm’s performance.
Human Health Hazard due to Metal Uptake via Fish Consumption from Coastal and Fresh Water Waters in Eastern India Along the Bay of Bengal

Concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese, and iron were determined in muscle tissue of coastal fish ( Pumpus argentius, Tenulosa ilisha and Rastrelliger kanagurta) and fresh water fish (Hypophthalmichthys molithrix and Cirhinnus mrigela) samples from West Bengal, India, for assessing the potential health risk to human population. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe in coastal fish muscles were ranged between 0.79-4.0 mg kg -1 dw, 5-29 mg kg -1 dw, 0.50-5.0 mg kg -1 dw and 20-75 mg kg -1 dw, respectively, and in fresh water fish, they were in the ranges of 5.0-28 mg kg -1 dw, 33-51 mg kg -1 dw, 2.0-6.0 mg kg -1 dw and 38110 mg kg -1 dw, respectively. The pattern of metals accumulation was in order of Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn. The results showed that the concentrations of metals in studied fish muscles were all lower than recommended guideline values. Estimated daily intakes (DIs) and weekly intakes (WIs) of metals (Cu, Zn, Mn & Fe) from fish consumption were lower than stipulated reference dose (RfD) and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for human population. Total health hazard, based on hazard quotients (HQ) for fish eating human population from studied metals was ranged between 0.0270. 13, which is much lower than safe limit of one (<1) suggesting negligible health risk.
Morbidity pattern of school children: a study conducted in the urban field practice area of a tertiary health care centre of Odisha, India

Background: School is acknowledged as the place where children gain knowledge from health education sessions on various aspects of personal hygiene, sanitation and social customs. Health is one of the key factors determining the enrollment, performance and continuation in school. Objective was to study the morbidity pattern of school children.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in selected schools (both govt. and Private) of urban field practice area of SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha during January 2016 to December 2016. A total of 660 school going children were taken for the study. After taking informed consent of the head of the school data was collected by using a Pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Clinical examination was conducted to detect any morbidity pattern.Results: In the present study most common morbidity detected was pallor (47.6%) followed by skin disease (34.5%) and dental caries (23.2%). Other morbidities found were acute respiratory infections 21.9%, eye problems 21.4%, fever 6.8%, pain abdomen 3%, diarrhoea 3.2%, ear discharge 3.9%, headache 5% and rhinitis 3.9%. Conclusions: More emphasis should be given on primordial and primary preventive measures for prevention of childhood morbidities. School based health education programme may be a useful effort in this regard.
High-pressure spectroscopic study of siderite (FeCO3) with a focus on spin crossover

Abstract Fe-bearing carbonates have been proposed as possible candidate host minerals for carbon inside the Earth’s interior and hence their spectroscopic properties can provide constraints on the deep carbon cycle. Here we investigate high-pressure spin crossover in synthetic FeCO3 (siderite) using a combination of Mössbauer, Raman, and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy in diamond-anvil cells. These techniques sensitive to the short-range atomic environment show that at room temperature and under quasi-hydrostatic conditions, spin crossover in siderite takes place over a broad pressure range, between 40 and 47 GPa, in contrast to previous X-ray diffraction data that described the transition as a sharp volume collapse at approximately 43 GPa. Based on these observations we consider electron spin pairing in siderite to be a dynamic process, where Fe atoms can be either high spin or low spin in the crossover region. Mode Grüneisen parameters extracted from Raman spectra collected at pressures below and above spin crossover show a drastic change in stiffness of the Fe-O octahedra after the transition, where they become more compact and hence less compressible. Mössbauer experiments performed on siderite single crystals as well as powder samples demonstrate the effect of differential stress on the local structure of siderite Fe atoms in a diamond-anvil cell. Differences in quadrupole splitting values between powder and single crystals show that local distortions of the Fe site in powder samples cause spin crossover to start at higher pressure and broaden the spin crossover pressure range.
Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis B in Pre- and Post-liver Transplant Patients

Liver transplantation was approved for treatment of decompensated cirrhosis in the United States in 1983. Until the introduction of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and nucleoside/ nucleotide analogues nearly twenty years ago, liver transplantation for hepatitis B was characterized by universal recurrence with a dismal prognosis. The widespread use of oral anti-virals in the US has led to a decreased incidence of decompensated liver disease and patients waitlisted for liver transplantation. Among patients listed for hepatocellular carcinoma, the decrease in waitlist registration was also least dramatic among patients with HBV, possibly related to the use of oral antivirals. At present, liver transplantation for hepatitis B, regardless of whether for decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma satisfying Milan criteria or acute liver failure has excellent outcomes with results comparable if not better to other liver transplant recipients. This article will review the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis from HBV prior to liver transplantation, the increasing use of hepatitis B positive donors and the management of hepatitis B after liver transplantation.
A statistical study of the spectra of very luminous IRAS galaxies ? II. Spectral and environmental analysis

Spectroscopic observations of a sample of 73 very luminous IRAS galaxies ( for ,) from the 2 Jy redshift survey catalogue were carried out using the 2.16 m telescope at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The observational data, including the optical images (extracted from Digital Sky Survey) and spectra for these galaxies, are presented in Paper I (Wu et al. 1998). In this paper, we give the spectral and morphological classifications for these very luminous IRAS galaxies (VLIRGs). We show that about 60% of VLIRGs exhibit AGN-like spectra (Seyfert 1s, Seyfert 2s, LINER-like galaxies). This fraction goes up to 82% for the ultraluminous IRAS galaxies (ULIRGs) subsample (). 56% of the VLIRGs show strong interaction or merging signatures; this fraction rises to 91% for the ULIRGs. These statistical results strongly suggest that interaction triggers nuclear activities and enhances the infrared luminosity. We find that LINER and a mixture type which have optical properties of both HII galaxies and LINERs could be at the transition stage from infrared luminous HII galaxies to AGNs; their main energy production is from starbursts as well as AGNs. Both infrared luminosities and equivalent widths increase dramatically as nuclear separations between VLIRGs and their nearest neighbors decrease. There is little doubt that strong starbursts happen in the nuclei of VLIRGs. Assuming class 0 as advanced merger, we construct a simple merger sequence, from morphological classes 1 to 4 (with near or far companions), to class 5 and 6 (interacting pairs and mergers) and then to class 0 (isolated galaxies). Along this sequence, VLIRGs evolve from HII galaxies to AGNs.
Congestion pricing vs. slot constraints to airport networks

Congestion has become a problem for many airports throughout the world. Two different policy options to control congestion are analyzed in this paper: slot constraints and congestion pricing. In particular, our model takes into account that the airline industry is characterized by significant demand uncertainty. Furthermore, due to the network character of the airline industry, the demand for airport capacities normally is complementary. We show that this favors the use of slot constraints compared to congestion pricing from a social point of view. In contrast, for monopolistic airports, prices as instruments constitute a dominant choice.
Biochemical Effect of Citrus lemon Juice on the Liver of Growing Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Twenty four rabbits of mixed breeds aged between 10 - 16 weeks, weighing between 600 - 2185g were used in this experiment to determine the effect of feeding varying dietary levels of citrus lemon juice on the biochemical parameters of growing rabbits. The rabbits were randomly allocated into four treatments containing 0% (control), 25%, 50% and 75% fresh citrus lemon juice respectively. Feed and water were served ad-libitum throughout the 5 weeks experimental period. At the end of the juice administration, animals were sacrificed using chloroform inhalation in a desiccators, Blood samples were collected in plain bottles, centrifuged and serum were taken for Liver function tests. Biochemical indices of liver function determined include serum total protein, albumin, conjugated and total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. The result revealed extremely significant (P<0.001) influence of the juice on the biochemical parameters. In conclusion, it is shown that Citrus lemon juice does not alter or impair biochemical activities of the liver, it can be included up to 75% in rabbit diets without any adverse or deleterious effect on the Liver function activities of growing rabbits.
The Effect of Premenstrual Syndrome on Quality of Life in Adolescent Girls

Objective: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common psychosomatic disorder and about 30%-50% of women in the childbearing age suffer from mild to moderate form of this disorder and 3%-8% suffer from its sever form. The symptoms of this disorder are related to the specific biological characteristics of women's reproductive age that can start from teen years. The symptoms' devastating effect on these crucial years of life can result in a sense of dissatisfaction and inadequacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and quality of life (QOL) in adolescent girls. Method: This research is a descriptive-analytic study. The participants were 360 adolescent girls (180 in each group), studying in the second year of high school in south of Tehran. The participants were selected in a multistage randomly- clustered design according to their schools. Respondents completed the demographic questionnaire, premenstrual syndrome symptom daily record scale, and the medical study short form-36 (SF-36). Results: Compared with healthy adolescents, those with PMS had a lower score of SF-36 in all the scales (P 0.05). However, a statistically meaningful difference was observed in mental health and vitality of SF-36 in severe form of PMS in compare to mild and moderate PMS P=0.002). Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome is associated with substantial burden on QOL in adolescents. In addition, increasing severity in PMS symptoms results in decreased quality of mental health and vitality.
Modification of nutritional value during storage of infant formulas elaborated with different intact and partially hydrolyzed proteins and carbohydrates

Antecedentes: La leche materna es la mejor fuente nutricional para ninos recien nacidos. Sin embargo, cuando las madres no pueden proveer leche, o si los ninos son prematuros o tienen bajo peso al nacer, la lactancia debe ser reemplazada o complementada con formulas infantiles (IFs). La interaccion entre los componentes de las IFs (proteinas, grasas, carbohidratos, vitaminas y minerales) principalmente afecta carbohidratos y proteinas (Reaccion de Maillard, MR), pero los que implican proteinas son especialmente importantes en alimentacion infantil debido a los altos requerimientos de proteina de los lactantes. Por otra parte, los acidos grasos (FAs) son considerados importantes en el desarrollo de los ninos. Objetivos: El objetivo fue evaluar la estabilidad de IFs elaboradas con diferentes ingredientes, analizando lisina util (para estabilidad de proteinas), contenido de FAs y valor de peroxidos (para estabilidad de grasas) durante el almacenamiento bajo condiciones normales y adversas, y proponer un control mas rapido de la estabilidad. Metodos: Los analisis de lisina util por cromatografia liquida de alta resolucion (HPLC), oxidacion lipidica por el metodo de titulacion y el perfil de FAs por cromatografia de gases (GC) fueron determinados en cuatro tipos de IFs preparadas con proteinas intactas y parcialmente hidrolizadas con diferentes carbohidratos (lactosa y maltodextrinas) durante el almacenamiento a 4, 20 y 30 oC por 24 meses a actividad de agua normal (Aw=0,1-0,4), y a Aw de 0,65 a 20 y 30 oC por 4 semanas. Estas IFs fueron preparadas dos veces (IF1 y IF2) en baches diferentes por una empresa Espanola de productos dietarios. Resultados: A 30oC, las perdidas de lisina util fueron de 40-50% en todas las IFs analizadas. El comportamiento y porcentaje de perdidas de lisina entre la 1 y 4 semana de conservacion a 30 °C con Aw=0,65 fue similar a las obtenidas tras 24 de almacenamiento a 30 °C. No se observaron cambios significativos en el perfil de FAs durante el almacenamiento. Oxidacion solo se observo en los envases abiertos y despues de 4 semanas/30 °C/Aw=0.65. Conclusiones: Las perdidas de lisina util incrementan a mayor tiempo y temperatura de almacenamiento. Los FAs muestran una buena estabilidad para cualquiera de las condiciones de almacenamiento, sin embargo el valor de peroxidos evidencia mayor sensibilidad que los cambios en Fas para evaluar la oxidacion de las grasas durante el almacenamiento de IFs.
INDUCED TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND SPILLOVERS IN CLIMATE POLICY MODELING

Besides primary effects such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, climate policies may have secondary (side) effects called ‘spillovers’ such as the induced innovation and diffusion of new technologies, both nationally and internationally. These spillovers of climate policies, in turn, may affect the (long-term) performance of these policies, for instance in terms of abatement costs or emission reductions, both at home and abroad. The aim of this report is to provide a critical assessment of the available literature of both socalled ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ modelling studies on the spillover effects of climate policies on induced technological change including the innovation and diffusion of new technologies at home and abroad as well as, in turn, the impact of these technological spillovers on the longterm performance of these policies. After a review of the central concepts ‘induced technological change’ and ‘technological spillovers’, the present assessment report discusses the potential impact of induced technological spillovers on global carbon abatement. Subsequently, it addresses the question whether climate policy will induce technological change by (i) reviewing the (empirical) literature on technological change induced by environmental policies and/or higher energy prices, and (ii) discussing the (theoretical) literature on the relationship between market imperfections and environmental technologies. Thereafter, the report provides a critical assessment of existing studies on induced technological change and spillovers in ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches of climate policy modelling. Besides major differences between these two approaches, it reveals that the top-down modelling studies are generally characterised by a wide diversity in model outcomes with regard to the impact of induced technological change (ITC) on climate policy performance, whereas the bottomup studies show some major similarities in their model outcomes. Finally, the present assessment report considers briefly some implications for the post-Kyoto agenda on climate and technology policies. In general, it concludes that a well-balanced package of internationally coordinated climate and technology policies is necessary to deal with the two sets of international market imperfections in the field of abatement technologies (i.e. environmental externalities and technology market failures).