Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanotopography Directs Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblast Lineage Through Regulation of microRNA‐SMAD‐BMP‐2 Circuit

The aim of this study was to investigate if chemically produced nanotopography on titanium (Ti) surface induces osteoblast differentiation of cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by regulating the expression of microRNAs (miRs). It was demonstrated that Ti with nanotopography induces osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs as evidenced by upregulation of osteoblast specific markers compared with untreated (control) Ti at day 4. At this time‐point, miR‐sequencing analysis revealed that 20 miRs were upregulated (>twofold) while 20 miRs were downregulated (>threefold) in hMSCs grown on Ti with nanotopography compared with control Ti. Three miRs, namely miR‐4448, ‐4708, and ‐4773, which were significantly downregulated (>fivefold) by Ti with nanotopography affect osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs. These miRs directly target SMAD1 and SMAD4, both key transducers of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) osteogenic signal, which were upregulated by Ti with nanotopography. Overexpression of miR‐4448, ‐4708, and 4773 in MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts noticeably inhibited gene and protein expression of SMAD1 and SMAD4 and therefore repressed the gene expression of key bone markers. Additionally, it was observed that the treatment with BMP‐2 displayed a higher osteogenic effect on MC3T3‐E1 cells grown on Ti with nanotopography compared with control Ti, suggesting that the BMP‐2 signaling pathway was more effective on this surface. Taken together, these results indicate that a complex regulatory network involving a miR‐SMAD‐BMP‐2 circuit governs the osteoblast differentiation induced by Ti with nanotopography. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1690–1696, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cache Valley basin, eastern Basin and Range province, United States Three-dimensional variations in extensional fault shape and basin form: The

Seismic reflection profiles, drill-hole data, and geologic maps delimit the form of normal faults and Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the southern half of the Cache Valley basin in northern Utah. Dips of faults and sedimentary rocks were estimated from time-migrated reflection profiles by using the stacking velocities for the data. At the southern end of the basin, the East Cache fault zone is listric; it shows 50°W dips near the surface and ≈20°W dips at depth. The fault zone has been the site of ≈5.6 km of net dip slip. Tertiary rocks dip 18°E–25°E and exhibit a rollover geometry above the fault zone. No faults are interpreted on the western side of the basin. In the central part of the basin in Utah, the East Cache fault is a single fault that dips at least 45°W near the surface and is the site of 4.5–6.4 km of net dip slip. Here, the basin is bounded to the west by the West Cache fault, which is the site of at least 1 km of net slip that increases northward to 2 km of net slip. Slip on the East Cache fault resulted in planar, east-dipping, older Tertiary rocks near the bottom of the basin. Younger Tertiary strata, with southwest, west, and northwest dips, reflect complex tilting due to slip on the West and East Cache faults. Anticlines in the Tertiary basin-fill deposits are present in the central part of the basin and may reflect changes in normal-fault geometry at depth. Northward, dip slip on the East Cache fault zone decreases to 2.5 km. The basin is broad, shallow, and filled with nearly flat lying Tertiary rocks. This area, near the north-south midpoint of the basin, is bounded by the West and East Cache faults, but slip on the West Cache fault appears to diminish northward. A north-trending reflection profile tied to both drill-hole data and the east-trending seismic profiles indicates that the basin is deeper in the southern end. The along-strike changes in fault geometry, the amount of fault-slip, the subsurface form of the basin-filling sedimentary rocks, and the form of the basin indicate a complex history of faulting and deposition during its formation. This study and other recent ones from the Basin and Range province indicate that such complexities may be typical of many Tertiary basins in the region.
HFA and ADHD: A direct comparison on state regulation and response inhibition

This study examined whether children with high-functioning autism (HFA) are easily overaroused/activated and whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are easily underaroused/activated. This double dissociation was tested using a go/no-go paradigm with computer-paced fast and slow conditions and a self-paced condition. In the HFA group, a performance decline in the fast condition and slow performance in the self-paced condition were expected. In the ADHD group, a performance decline in the slow condition and fast performance in the self-paced condition were expected. No difference was found between groups for state regulation and response inhibition. Findings are discussed in the light of development, comorbidity, and subtypes.
ARE THE MN BLOOD GROUPS MAINTAINED BY HETEROSIS?

IN A PAPER ENTITLED "Are the MN blood groups maintained by selection? " Morton and Chung (1959) concluded that the heterozygote excess in the MN blood groups commonly found in segregating families could be satisfactorily explained by a simple model of heterozygote advantage in viability but not by other selective mechanisms or technical errors. They defined the viability of M, N, and MN to be 1 t, 1 ct, and 1, respectively, and from the world-wide frequencies of M and N genes, the value 1.25 was obtained as an estimate of c. By the usual maximum likelihood scoring method, expanded by Morton to apply to many genetic problems, t was estimated to be approximately 0.0785, which was significantly different from zero. However, these authors also found a significant heterogeneity in t among mating types, leading them to the conclusion that "heterosis occurred only when the mother's genotype was MN, but was possibly absent when mother was of type M or N. " Their conclusion could be correct, but heterosis is not the only explanation for the observed excess of heterozygotes. There may be a large number of models equally consistent with a finite body of data. This paper will present an alternate model.
Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Extensive biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was demonstrated by the disappearance and mineralization of [14C]PCP in nutrient nitrogen-limited culture. Mass balance analyses demonstrated the formation of water-soluble metabolites of [14C]PCP during degradation. Involvement of the lignin-degrading system of this fungus was suggested by the fact the time of onset, time course, and eventual decline in the rate of PCP mineralization were similar to those observed for [14C]lignin degradation. Also, a purified ligninase was shown to be able to catalyze the initial oxidation of PCP. Although biodegradation of PCP was decreased in nutrient nitrogen-sufficient (i.e., nonligninolytic) cultures of P. chrysosporium, substantial biodegradation of PCP did occur, suggesting that in addition to the lignin-degrading system, another degradation system may also be responsible for some of the PCP degradation observed. Toxicity studies showed that PCP concentrations above 4 mg/liter (15 microM) prevented growth when fungal cultures were initiated by inoculation with spores. The lethal effects of PCP could, however, be circumvented by allowing the fungus to establish a mycelial mat before adding PCP. With this procedure, the fungus was able to grow and mineralize [14C]PCP at concentrations as high as 500 mg/liter (1.9 mM).
Identifying the needs of obese women with urinary incontinence attending a specialist continence physiotherapy service

The aim of this study was to identify the needs of obese women with urinary incontinence (UI) attending a specialist continence physiotherapy service (SCPS). A cross-sectional convenience sample from a SCPS in one Scottish National Health Service trust, the modified nominal group technique (MNGT) and inductive content analysis were used. Twenty-two obese women with UI who were attending or had attended the SCPS within the previous 6 months were recruited. Three themes emerged from the MNGT that were perceived to represent the most important needs of obese women with UI: communication, professional behaviour and service provision. Fortyeight per cent of the participants identified communication as their highest priority, then professional behaviour (27%) and service provision (25%). Urinary incontinence is embarrassing for many women, and the needs of obese women may differ from those of women who are not because of weight-related psychological anxieties and the risk of UI. Identifying the needs of obese women with UI may better inform the SCPS and provide appropriate services for them.
Immunologic distinctiveness of archaebacteria that grow in high salt

The antigenic fingerprints of eight halophilic archaebacteria representing the groups recently outlined by molecular and chemical analyses were determined with calibrated antibody probes. Comparison with the antigenic fingerprints of methanogens encompassing all described families and most genera demonstrated that these two archaebacterial groups are themselves antigenically coherent but immunologically distinct.
The Effect of Catastrophic Health Expenditure on Work After Retirement

Several factors can force retirees to go to paid work. Catastrophic health-care expenditure (CHCE) is one of the driving forces for retirees to go to paid work. This cross-sectional study was based on 6,307 Iran retirees’ data. Xu method was used to calculate CHCE, and a logit model was estimated to show the association between CHCE and bridge employment. Other control variables were added to the model. The findings showed that there was positive relationship between CHCE and bridge employment. Retirement pension had negative relationship with work after retirement. Prevalence of work after retirement was higher in people who lived in rural region and increased due to increase in household size. The financial constraint was the main pushing factor for the retiree to go to paid work. Thus, covering retirees with health insurances and identifying and listing diseases that may face the retirees with CHCE are some possible efforts to decrease CHCE.
Crystal Structure of the RC-LH1 Core Complex from Rhodopseudomonas palustris

The crystal structure at 4.8 angstrom resolution of the reaction center–light harvesting 1 (RC–LH1) core complex from Rhodopseudomonas palustris shows the reaction center surrounded by an oval LH1 complex that consists of 15 pairs of transmembrane helical α- and β-apoproteins and their coordinated bacteriochlorophylls. Complete closure of the RC by the LH1 is prevented by a single transmembrane helix, out of register with the array of inner LH1 α-apoproteins. This break, located next to the binding site in the reaction center for the secondary electron acceptor ubiquinone (UQB), may provide a portal through which UQB can transfer electrons to cytochrome b/c1.
The prevalence and experience of oral diseases in Adelaide nursing home residents.

BACKGROUND The twenty-first century will see the evolution of a population of dentate older Australians with dental needs very different from those of older adults in past years. This study provided comprehensive information concerning oral disease prevalence in older South Australian nursing home residents. METHODS This paper presents cross-sectional baseline results. RESULTS Most of the 224 residents, from seven randomly selected nursing homes, were functionally dependent, medically compromised, cognitively impaired and behaviourally difficult older adults who presented many complex challenges to carers and to dental professionals. Two-thirds (66 per cent) were edentulous with many dental problems and treatment needs. Dentate residents had a mean of 11.9 teeth present, higher than previously reported. The prevalence and experience of coronal and root caries and plaque accumulation was very high in dentate residents; especially males, those admitted more than three years previously, those who ate fewer food types and those who were severely cognitively impaired. These residents had more retained roots, decayed teeth and missing teeth, and fewer filled teeth when compared with data for community-dwelling older adults. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the poor oral health status of these nursing home residents and the great impact of dementia on their high levels of oral diseases.
Quality of life of patients using intermittent urinary catheterization 1

ABSTRACT Objectives: measure and compare the quality of life of neurogenic bladder patients using intermittent urinary catheterization who were going through rehabilitation in Brazil and Portugal. Method: multicenter, quantitative, cross-sectional, observational-analytic and correlational study executed in Brazil and Portugal. Two data collection tools were used, being one questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical data and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref. Patients were included who were over 18 years of age, suffering from neurogenic urinary bladder and using intermittent urinary catheterization. Results: in the sample of Brazilian (n = 170) and Portuguese (n = 52) patients, respectively, most patients were single (87-51.2%; 25-48.1%), had finished primary education (47-45.3%; 31-59.6%) and were retired (70-41.2%; 21-40.4%). Spinal cord injury was the main cause of using the urinary catheter in both countries. The Brazilian patients presented higher mean quality of life scores in the psychological domain (68.9) and lower scores in the physical domain (58.9). The Portuguese patients presented higher scores in the psychological domain (68.4) and lower scores in the environment domain (59.4). The execution of intermittent urinary self-catheterization was significant for both countries. Conclusions: in the two countries, these patients’ quality of life can be determined by the improvement in the urinary symptoms, independence, self-confidence, social relationships and access to work activities.
Clinical significance of early atrial arrhythmia type and timing after single ring isolation of the pulmonary veins.

AIMS Early atrial arrhythmia following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is associated with higher recurrence rates. Few studies explore the impact of early AF (EAF) and atrial tachycardia (EAT) on long-term outcomes. Furthermore, EAF/EAT have not been characterized after wide pulmonary vein isolation. We aimed to characterize EAF and EAT and its impact on late AF (LAF) and AT (LAT) after single ring isolation (SRI). METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited 119 (females 21, age 58 ± 10 years) consecutive patients with AF (paroxysmal 76, persistent 43) undergoing SRI. Early atrial fibrillation/ early atrial tachycardia was defined as AF/AT within 3 months post-procedure (blanking period). Patients were followed for median 2.8[2.2-4] years. Early atrial fibrillation occurred in 28% (n = 33) and EAT in 25% (n = 30). At follow-up, 25% (n = 30) had LAF and 28% (n = 33) had LAT. Patients with EAF and EAT had higher rates of LAF (48 vs. 16%, P<0.0001) and LAT (60 vs. 16%, P < 0.0001), respectively. Independent predictors of LAF were EAF (3.53(1.72-7.29) P = 0.001); and of LAT were EAT (5.62(2.88-10.95) P < 0.0001) and procedure time (1.38/ h(1.07-1.78) P = 0.04). Importantly, EAF did not predict LAT and EAT did not predict LAF. Early atrial fibrillation late in the blanking period was associated with higher rates of LAF (73% for month 3 vs. 25% for Months 1-2, P = 0.004). However, EAT timing did not predict LAT. CONCLUSION Early atrial fibrillation and EAT are predictive of LAF and LAT, respectively. Early atrial fibrillation late in the blanking period has greater predictive significance for LAF. This timing is not relevant for LAT. Early arrhythmia type and timing have important prognostic significance following SRI. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.anzctr. org.au;ACTRN12606000467538.
Risk of suicide and spouse's psychiatric illness or suicide: nested case-control study

Suicides cluster in families with histories of psychiatric disorders and suicides.1 2 Genetic and environmental factors may play a role in the familial aggregation of suicides but are inseparable in most studies. Because married couples are usually genetically unrelated, studying them can identify environmental factors and means of protection. Your spouse dying or your spouse having a psychiatric disorder is stressful; mortality is increased in the surviving spouse.3 I investigated the association between a spouse's psychiatric illness, suicide, and other causes of death and own suicide. I got data by linking population based registers using unique personal identification numbers, which are assigned to all people living in Denmark. Until 1993, suicide was defined as ICD-8 (international classification of diseases, 8th revision) codes …
Children drug poisoning in Jeddah: Prevalence, pattern and mother’s practice

Introduction: Accidental children poisoning is a potential source of morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of data about its burden in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and patterns of acute poisoning in children and the response of mothers/caregivers to its incidence in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including the mothers who attended the primary healthcare centers (PHCs) during the period from Sep to Oct 2017 Seven PHCs were randomly selected followed by selecting a proportional sample of mothers from each center. Data collection was performed through an interview with the participants via a structured questionnaire. Results: In a total of 354 mothers (69.8% with at least a high school education), 82 mothers (23.2%) reported a history of poisoning. The affected children aged 2-5 years with a slight male propensity (53.7%). Therapeutic drugs accounted for 87.8% of cases (mainly antipyretics, cough syrups and decongestants). Telephone consultation and immediate referral to the nearest PHC were the most common responses (86.1% and 70.8%, respectively). Family members were the most frequent source of information (69%) while 76.4% of the mothers had no contact with the drug poisoning center. Poisoning episodes increased significantly when the mother was less educated (P =0.017), non-working (P=0.026), had another child aged Conclusion: Accidental children poisoning represents a significant burden. Effective communication with the local drug poisoning center should be established. There is an urgent need to conduct aggressive campaigns to reduce poisoning rates. Keywords: Poisoning, Children, Saudi Arabia, Morbidity, Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions.
Helminths of wolves, Canis lupus L., in the Yukon and Northwest Territories.

Wolves from the Yukon and Northwest Territories harbored the following gastrointestinal helminths: Alaria americana (10 of 171), A. arisaemoides (2/171), Diphyllobothrium sp, (1/171). Mesocestoidcs kirbyi (3/171), Taenia hydatigena (54/111), T. krabbei (63/111), T. pisiformis (2/111), T. serialis (41/111), Echinococcus granulosus (24/171), Toxascaris leonina (83/171). Uncinaria stenocephala (11/171), Spirocerca arctica (1/171), and S. lupi (1/171). Larval Trichinella spiralis occurred in 72 of 153 diaphragms. A. arisaemoides, M. kirbyi, and S. arctica were found for the first time in Canis lupus, while S. lupi, S. arctica, and the prevalence of T. spiralis in wolves are reported for the first time in Canada.
The Yarkovsky Seasonal Effect on Asteroidal Fragments: A Nonlinearized Theory for the Plane-parallel Case

The "seasonal" Yarkovsky force is due to radiation pressure recoil, which acts on anisotropically emitting rotating bodies, heated by sunlight to different temperatures at different latitudes on their surfaces. This force gives rise to a significant draglike effect on rapidly spinning asteroid fragments ≈1–100 m in size. Here we present a new treatment of this effect, based on the numerical solution of the heat transfer equation with no linearization in the ratio between the peak temperature difference and the average temperature on the body's surface. Our treatment is restricted to the large-body (plane-parallel) case, valid for radii larger than the penetration depth of the seasonal thermal wave (≈1–20 m depending on the conductivity of the surface layer). Also, we solve numerically the Gaussian perturbation equations for the evolution of the orbital eccentricity, as well of the semimajor axis under the seasonal Yarkovsky force. We find the results to be in broad agreement with the linearized model of D. P. Rubincam, with two main discrepancies: (i) for the same thermal and optical parameters and near-circular orbits, the semimajor axis decay rate predicted by the improved, nonlinearized theory is some 15% lower, and (ii) for some directions of the spin axis relative to the perihelion direction, the Yarkovsky force can cause a secular growth of the eccentricity. When gravitationally induced perihelion precession, spin axis precession, and collisional reorientations are accounted for, however, the eccentricity on average is found to decrease. We also show that the theory can be easily generalized to bodies of spheroidal shapes, with typical discrepancies of a factor of 2 in the semimajor axis decay rate with respect to the spherical case.
Hepatic Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) Overexpression Stimulates Formation of Larger ApoM/Sphingosine 1-Phosphate-enriched Plasma High Density Lipoprotein*

Background: ApoM overexpression in nonhepatic cells generates larger nascent HDLs. Results: Hepatocyte-specific apoM transgenic mice have larger plasma HDLs and hepatocytes that generate larger nascent HDLs and increased S1P secretion. Conclusion: Hepatocyte-specific apoM overexpression facilitates large apoM/S1P-enriched HDL formation by promoting large nascent HDL formation and stimulating sphingolipid synthesis and S1P secretion. Significance: Hepatic apoM regulates HDL and S1P production. Apolipoprotein M (apoM), a lipocalin family member, preferentially associates with plasma HDL and binds plasma sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a signaling molecule active in immune homeostasis and endothelial barrier function. ApoM overexpression in ABCA1-expressing HEK293 cells stimulated larger nascent HDL formation, compared with cells that did not express apoM; however, the in vivo role of apoM in HDL metabolism remains poorly understood. To test whether hepatic apoM overexpression increases plasma HDL size, we generated hepatocyte-specific apoM transgenic (APOM Tg) mice, which had an ∼3–5-fold increase in plasma apoM levels compared with wild-type mice. Although HDL cholesterol concentrations were similar to wild-type mice, APOM Tg mice had larger plasma HDLs enriched in apoM, cholesteryl ester, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and S1P. Despite the presence of larger plasma HDLs in APOM Tg mice, in vivo macrophage reverse cholesterol transport capacity was similar to that in wild-type mice. APOM Tg mice had an ∼5-fold increase in plasma S1P, which was predominantly associated with larger plasma HDLs. Primary hepatocytes from APOM Tg mice generated larger nascent HDLs and displayed increased sphingolipid synthesis and S1P secretion. Inhibition of ceramide synthases in hepatocytes increased cellular S1P levels but not S1P secretion, suggesting that apoM is rate-limiting in the export of hepatocyte S1P. Our data indicate that hepatocyte-specific apoM overexpression generates larger nascent HDLs and larger plasma HDLs, which preferentially bind apoM and S1P, and stimulates S1P biosynthesis for secretion. The unique apoM/S1P-enriched plasma HDL may serve to deliver S1P to extrahepatic tissues for atheroprotection and may have other as yet unidentified functions.