Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in bone mineral density in women with early-onset androgenetik alopecia and their correlations with hair-loss stages: a cross-sectional study

Androgenetic alopecia is a common cosmetical condition that accompany by some disorders with high androgen level. Evaluating the possible relationship between androgenetic alopecia and bone mineral density, and its relevance with hair-loss stages were aimed. A cross-sectional study including 106 alopecia patients who also had joint complaints, was conducted on screening of recorded data regarding hair loss stages, bone mineral density and fix and modifiable factors related with bone density, such as body mass index, daily consumptions of calcium, caffeine and alcohol, smoking, birth count, daily sun exposure, usual physical activity, and hormone values including free and total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin, follicular stimulating hormone, leutinizing hormone, 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Alopecia was classified by hair loss-scale of Ludwig. Bone mineral density in the hip and lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Stratos dR 2D Fan-Beam). Data was analysed by Number Cruncher Statistical System, 2007. Results were compared to p 0.05). We suggest that all women with early-onset androgenetic alopecia should be thoroughly investigated to the possibility of premature bone loss.
Comparative Morphology of Two Sympatric Species of Hedgehog in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia

Daurian hedgehog (Mesechinus dauuricus) and long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus) inhabit Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia and both species appear to occupy similar niches. We gathered morphological measurements to test for differences between species and sexes. We hoped to gain insight into the mechanisms that allow the species to coexist. We collected morphometric data from 10 long-eared hedgehogs (6 , 4 and 18 Daurian hedgehogs (10 , 7 , 1 unknown sex). Only total body length in Daurian hedgehogs differed significantly between males and females. Otherwise, we found no significant differences between morphometric measures of male and female hedgehogs of either species. Daurian hedgehogs were larger than long-eared hedgehogs for every measurement except for ear length; however, only girth, weight, and length of ear differed significantly. A general linear model found that animal girth best differentiated the two species. Coexistence of species that occupy similar niches generally occurs through the differential use of resources and may be inferred from morphological differentiation. We plan continued research to better explore resource partitioning between the two species.
The effects of various stabilizers on physiochemical properties of camel's milk yoghurt

The effect of stabilizers addition on physicochemical and organoleptic properties of yoghurt made from camel milk was studied. Three stabilizers were used, A (gelatin E441, mono & diglyceride of fatty acids E471), B (guar gum E412, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose E466 and mono & diglyceride of fatty acids E471) and C (modified starch E1422 and mono and diglyceride of fatty acids E471). The addition rate of stabilizers to camel milk was 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%, w/w. The products were stored at 5±2°C for 21 days. Addition of stabilizers significantly decreased the syneresis, and increased viscosity and water holding capacity of camel milk yoghurt (p ≤ 0.05), also enhanced their sensory acceptability. Significant effects of stabilizers type and addition rate on acidity, moisture content and total solids of camel milk yoghurt were observed. The water holding capacity and susceptibility to syneresis of camel milk yoghurt were significantly affected by type and quantity of stabilizer used. The optimum results were recorded using stabilizers A, B and C in order. Increasing the amount of the stabilizer added, resulted in water holding capacity and lower susceptibility to syneresis values. Acidity and pH values of camel milk yoghurt were significantly affected by type of stabilizer. Addition of stabilizers caused the highest acidity and the lowest pH of camel milk yoghurt compared to control. The stabilizers treated camel milk yoghurt had higher total solid, protein and fat than the control. Camel milk yoghurt containing stabilizer had higher viscosity than the control samples. The images of scanning electron microscope showed that the stabilizers occupied the void space within casein particle network. Treated camel milk yoghurts had more systematically and smoothly distributed proteins with a bit coarse structure as well as less porosity in protein network. As well as the addition of stabilizers to camel milk yoghurt to the merger of casein micelles with each other, which increases the cohesion flat casein compared with a control sample. The treatment B which retained the highest rate of water holding capacity had colloidal or ropiness texture, while cohesion textures increased in both treatments A and B. Adding stabilizer A (gelatin E441, mono & digilycerid of fatty acids E471) at a level up to 1.5%, to camel milk yoghurt is recommended to stabilize the texture without affecting the overall acceptability of the product. (Alaa H. Ibrahim and Salah A. Khalifa. The effects of various stabilizers on physiochemical properties of camel milk yoghurt. J Am Sci 2015;11(1):15-24). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 3
TONAL AND ARTICULATORY MARKING OF FOCUS IN GERMAN

A production study on read German speech shows an increase in prominence-lending parameters as the focus domain is narrowed, or when contrast is expressed over non-contrast. Prominence-lending parameters included tonal and durational cues (e.g. n uclear pitch accent type and scaling, duration of se gments and syllables) as well as those relating to s upralaryngeal articulation (e.g. formant values of v owels in nuclear syllables). These cues are exploited by different speakers to different degrees and in diff erent combinations, but are all used for signalling aspec ts of focus.
Morphological Study of Myoneural Interaction between the Levator Labii Superioris Muscle and its Motor Nerve in Rats

El progreso de la ciencia en busca de nuevas tecnicas para la regeneracion neural y la recuperacion funcional de los musculos reinervados, ha atraido el interes de muchos investigadores en todo el mundo. En consecuencia, los musculos y los nervios merecen mas aclaraciones sobre su morfologia, relaciones anatomicas y particularidades. Entre las areas que merecen estudios mas profundos y detallados, esta la region de cabeza y cuello, que es a menudo afectada por enfermedades graves. Con el proposito de ofrecer a la comunidad cientifica un modelo morfologico de interaccion mioneural, se eligio el musculo elevador del labio superior y su nervio motor, la rama bucal del nervio facial (VII par craneal), por sus especiales caracteristicas y su importancia en la expresion facial. En esta investigacion se opto por la rata, por las facilidades de obtencion, de manejo y para comparar los datos obtenidos con estudios previos. Se utilizaron tecnicas mesoscopicas de diseccion, histoenzimologicas y morfometricas. Los resultados mostraron un musculo con predominio de fibras de contraccion rapida (FG y FOG), ubicacion superficial, insercion proximal osea e insercion distal en la piel. Su nervio motor, la rama bucal del nervio facial, ingresa en el vientre muscular en la cara profunda, y esta compuesto por un grupo heterogeneo de fibras nerviosas mielinicas dispuestas de forma regular por todo el fasciculo nervioso cerca del punto motor. El nervio es formado por dos fasciculos de diferentes tamanos. Debido a las pequenas dimensiones en la rata, el diametro de las fibras nerviosas presenta valores reducidos, en comparacion con el nervio motor del musculo pectineo en el gato, por ejemplo. Los datos aportados podran ser usados como referencia en estudios de regeneracion en nervios y musculos. Otros estudios con marcadores neuronales se iniciaron para aclarar la distribucion y la estructura de las fibras mencionadas.
Detection of ESBLs in Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Isolates Associated with Infantile Diarrhea in Kut City

A total of 325 fecal specimens were collected from children with diarrhea. 28 E. coli isolates (8.6%) were recovered and serotypically identified as EPEC. Results found that the highest numbers of the EPEC isolates were belonging to polyvalent I, with the following serotypes, O111: k58(B4) (54%), O55:k59(B5) (14%). The antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes of the EPEC isolates were also determined. All isolates (100%) were multi-drug resistants. None of the isolates were found to be resistant to imipenem. All isolates have been found resistant to at least one β-lactam antibiotic and 27 isolates (96.4%) were able to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). This study showed that the prevalence of ESBL among EPEC producers is higher than previous studies in Iraq.
A METHOD FOR NON-INVASIVE, AUTOMATED BEHAVIOR CLASSIFICATION IN MICE, USING PIEZOELECTRIC PRESSURE SENSORS

A METHOD FOR NON-INVASIVE, AUTOMATED BEHAVIOR CLASSIFICATION IN MICE, USING PIEZOELECTRIC PRESSURE SENSORS While all mammals sleep, the functions and implications of sleep are not well understood, and are a strong area of investigation in the research community. Mice are utilized in many sleep studies, with electroencephalography (EEG) signals widely used for data acquisition and analysis. However, since EEG electrodes must be surgically implanted in the mice, the method is high cost and time intensive. This work presents an extension of a previously researched high throughput, low cost, non-invasive method for mouse behavior detection and classification. A novel hierarchical classifier is presented that classifies behavior states including NREM and REM sleep, as well as active behavior states, using data acquired from a Signal Solutions (Lexington, KY) piezoelectric cage floor system. The NREM/REM classification system presented an 81% agreement with human EEG scorers, indicating a useful, high throughput alternative to the widely used EEG acquisition method.
Sugar Policy Reform, Tax Policy and Price Transmission in the Soft Drink Industry

There is growing interest in evaluating the impact of price variations in agricultural commodities on food prices and consumption. Food industries typically consist of large rms that bene t from market power and price transmission along the chain is a¤ected by this imperfectly competitive environment. In this paper, we propose an empirical analysis of the impact of a reform of the EU sugar policy on the soft drink industry. The reform produces a signi cant decrease in the price of sugar. We consider how the manufacturers and the retailers both strategically react to this change in the production cost of soft drinks. Using a structural econometric model, we rst estimate the consumer substitution patterns and the models for the vertical relationships between the soft drink industry and the retail industry. After selecting the bestmodel for vertical relationships, we simulate the impact of the sugar policy reform. We show that the retail prices decrease more than the marginal production costs. Our results thus suggest that the assumption of passive pricing by the industry leads to a poor estimate of the impact of an upstream cost shock. We also simulate the impact of a recently enacted excise tax on soft drinks. Because of strategic pricing, this tax is likely to lead to an increase of approximately 10% in prices thereby decreasing the soft drink consumption by more than 3 liters per person per year. JEL codes:H32, L13, Q18, I18 Key words: vertical contracts, two-part tari¤s, competition, manufacturers, private labels, retailers, di¤erentiated products, soft drinks, non-nested tests, sugar policy, pass-through. Toulouse School of Economics (INRA, GREMAQ), 21 Allee de Brienne, F-31000 Toulouse France, Tel: +33 (0)5 61 12 85 91, cbonnet@toulouse.inra. fr yToulouse School of Economics (INRA, GREMAQ; IDEI), 21 Allee de Brienne, F-31000 Toulouse France, Tel: +33 (0)5 61 12 86 07, vincent.requillart@toulouse.inra. fr zThis paper is part of the Transparency of Food Pricing (TRANSFOP) project funded by the European Commission, Directorate General Research Unit E Biotechnologies, Agriculture, Food. Grant Agreement No. KBBE-265601-4TRANSFOP. We thank Marine Spiteri for her help to collect some information of sugar content in the Soft Drink Industry. We also thank participants at the ALISS-INRA seminar, the internal IFS seminar at London, the Nineteenth European Workshop on Econometrics and Health Economics in Lausanne, the rst joined EAAE/AAEA seminar in Freising and the INRA-SFER-CIRAD conference in Dijon. Any remaining errors are ours.
Inflation and Income Inequality in Developed Economies

This paper explores the empirical link between income inequality and inflation in ten OECD countries over the period 1971 to 2010. In addition to inflation, we include six control variables in our analysis: economic development level, business cycles, unemployment, unionization, openness to international trade and skill-biased technological change. We estimate the empirical link between all seven variables and income inequality with a balanced panel. We find a U-shaped link between long-run inflation and income inequality. Low inflation rates are associated with higher income inequality. As inflation goes up, inequality decreases, reaches a minimum with an inflation rate of about 13%, and then starts rising again. The precise mechanisms that lead more inflation to correlate with a decrease in income inequality until a certain threshold are unclear yet, and warrant further research.
The effects of fermentation products of prebiotic fibres on gut barrier and immune functions in vitro

The beneficial effects of prebiotic fibres on human health have been related to their capacities to alter the gut microbiota and modify the growth of beneficial microorganisms. It is long appreciated that bacterial metabolites affect the host’s physiology. The inner lining of the intestinal tract is the first level of interaction between the host and bacteria and their metabolites. Therefore, we set out to test the effects of five common dietary fibres (oat β-glucan 28%; oat β-glucan 94%; dried chicory root containing inulin 75%; xylo-oligosaccharide; inulin 90%) and maltodextrin, after fermentation by human gut microbiota in vitro, on measures of gut barrier integrity using a Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture as well as mucus production and immune parameters using HT29-MTX and HT29 cell models, respectively. Our data show that all fibres, fermentation products increased the tightness of the gut barrier with oat β-glucan 28% having the largest effect. Fermentation supernatants were tested also in models of the compromised gut barrier (leaky gut). After the addition of ethanol as basolateral stressor, only fermentation supernatant of oat β-glucan 28%, oat β-glucan 94% and maltodextrin improved the gut barrier integrity, while oat β-glucan 28% and dried chicory root containing inulin 75% significantly improved the gut barrier integrity after addition of rhamnolipids as apical stressor. Using the Luminex Technology, we demonstrated an important role of oat β-glucan fermentation products in modulating cytokine and chemokine productions. Furthermore, treating the goblet cells with effluent from xylo-oligosaccharide fermentation significantly increased mucus production. In summary, our data emphasize the potential positive effects of fermentation supernatant of dietary fibres on gut-related physiological outcomes and show that prebiotic fibres may have promising potential to induce specific gut health benefits.
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH A CIRCULAR PIPE WITH AN IMPULSIVE PRESSURE GRADIENT

The unsteady flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a straight, long, rigid pipe, driven by a suddenly imposed pressure gradient is studied. The used model is the Oldroyd-B fluid modified with the use of a nonconstant viscosity, which includes the effect of the shear-thinning of many fluids. The main application considered is in blood flow. Two coupled nonlinear equations are solved by a spectral collocation method in space and the implicit trapezoidal finite difference method in time. The presented results show the role of the non-Newtonian terms in unsteady phenomena.
Climate responses to SATIRE and SIM-based spectral solar forcing in a 3D atmosphere-ocean coupled GCM

We apply two reconstructed spectral solar forcing scenarios, one SIM (Spectral Irradiance Monitor) based, the other the SATIRE (Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstruction) modeled, as inputs to the GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies) GCMAM (Global Climate Middle Atmosphere Model) to examine climate responses on decadal to centennial time scales, focusing on quantifying the difference of climate response between the two solar forcing scenarios. We run the GCMAM for about 400 years with present day trace gas and aerosol for the two solar forcing inputs. We find that the SIM-based solar forcing induces much larger long-term response and 11-year variation in global averaged stratospheric temperature and column ozone. We find significant decreasing trends of planetary albedo for both forcing scenarios in the 400-year model runs. However the mechanisms for the decrease are very different. For SATIRE solar forcing, the decreasing trend of planetary albedo is associated with changes in cloud cover. For SIM-based solar forcing, without significant change in cloud cover on centennial and longer time scales, the apparent decreasing trend of planetary albedo is mainly due to out-of-phase variation in shortwave radiative forcing proxy (downwelling flux for wavelength >330 nm) and total solar irradiance (TSI). From the Maunder Minimum to present, global averaged annual mean surface air temperature has a response of ~0.1 °C to SATIRE solar forcing compared to ~0.04 °C to SIM-based solar forcing. For 11-year solar cycle, the global surface air temperature response has 3-year lagged response to either forcing scenario. The global surface air 11-year temperature response to SATIRE forcing is about 0.12 °C, similar to recent multi-model estimates, and comparable to the observational-based evidence. However, the global surface air temperature response to 11-year SIM-based solar forcing is insignificant and inconsistent with observation-based evidence.
Jersey Number Recognition with Semi-Supervised Spatial Transformer Network

It is still a challenging task to recognize the jersey number of players on the court in soccer match videos, as the jersey numbers are very small in the object detection task and annotated data are not easy to collect. Based on the object detection results of all the players on the court, a CNN model is first introduced to classify these numbers on the deteced players' images. To localize the jersey number more precisely without involving another digit detector and extra consumption, we then improve the former network to an end-to-end framework by fusing with the spatial transformer network (STN). To further improve the accuracy, we bring extra supervision to STN and upgrade the model to a semi-supervised multi-task learning system, by labeling a small portion of the number areas in the dataset by quadrangle. Extensive experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Assessing Micronutrient Adherence after Bariatric Surgery: An Exploratory Study

Results: One hundred fifty four bariatric surgery recipients responded to the survey. The self-reported adherence rate for micronutrient supplementation ranged between 68.4% and 100%. Calcium and iron supplements had the lowest adherence rate. Forgetting to take the supplement and experiencing side effects were the two leading barriers to adherence (41.3% and 20.6% respectively). Other barriers included costs and palatability of the products. Ninetytwo percent of the study cohort purchased their supplements in local stores or through the internet. Having a bariatric branding on the product was the leading influencing factor in guiding purchases, followed by recommendations from care providers.
Dynamic Competition and Intellectual Property Rights in a Model of Product Development

We study innovation timing and socially optimal intellectual property rights (IPRs) when firms facing market uncertainty invest strategically in product development. If demand growth and volatility are high, attrition occurs and IPRs should ensure the cost of imitation attains a lower bound we identify. If demand growth and volatility are low then provided that the private imitation incentive is socially excessive, IPRs should set the cost of imitation high enough to induce preemption, and possibly winner-take-all preemption. Moreover, the welfare achieved with optimal IPRs is then greater with endogenous innovation than if firm roles are predetermined, illustrating the importance of fostering dynamic competition. In extensions we show how firms benefit from open standards, takeovers have ambiguous welfare effects and simple licensing schemes are welfare improving.
Behind Closed Doors: Revealing the ECB’S Decision Rule

This paper aims at discovering the decision rule the Governing Council of the ECB uses to set interest rates. We construct a Taylor rule for each member of the council and for the euro area as a whole, and aggregate the interest rates they produce using several classes of decision-making mechanisms: chairman dominance, bargaining, consensus, voting, and voting with a chairman. We test alternative scenarios in which individual members of the council pursue either a national or a federal objective. We then compare the interest-rate path predicted by each scenario with the observed euro area’s interest rate. We find that scenarios in which all members of the Governing Council are assumed to pursue Euro-area-wide objectives are dominated by scenarios in which decisions are made collectively by a council consisting of members pursuing national objectives. The best-performing scenario is the one in which individual members of the Governing Council follow national objectives, bargain over the interest rate, and their weights are based on their country’s share of the zone’s GDP.
Aromatherapy in the Control of Stress and Anxiety

Background: Currently, complementary and alternative medicine emerge as important therapies in the prevention and treatment of various health problems. In view of this, the present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils in reducing stress and anxiety levels in aromatherapy users, at a clinic of Braganca, Portugal. Methods: A study was performed with 36 individuals divided in two distinct groups: “aroma group” and “control group”. Individuals of "aroma group" were treated with a mixture of essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia Mill and Matricaria recutita L. applied with Effleurage massage while the individuals of "control group" received only Effleurage massage. Stress and anxiety levels of all individuals participating in the study were evaluated before and after the treatment. Additionally, the chemical composition of the essential oils was evaluated by GC and GC-MS. Results: In the aromatherapy assay, the “aroma group” showed a significant decrease of 12% and 30%, in stress and anxiety levels, respectively, in the “control group” this decrease was lower (3.3% and 2.6% for stress and anxiety levels, respectively).
Locus of control and the labor market

This paper reviews the role of locus of control in the labor market. I begin with a discussion of the conceptual origins of locus of control, including its relationship to related concepts such as self-efficacy, motivation, and self-control. The relationship between locus of control and labor market success is then summarized. In doing so, I pay careful attention to what we know about three potential mechanisms – human capital investments, hiring decisions, and optimal incentive contracts – through which locus of control might operate. Finally, the broader implications of these relationships for public policy and future research are discussed.