Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport-induced mortality in Pekin ducks transported for slaughter in the Czech Republic

Data on the numbers of Pekin ducks transported to slaughterhouses between 2009 and 2014 and the numbers of ducks that died during these transports were recorded in cooperation with the State Veterinary Administration of the Czech Republic. In the monitored period, a total of 12,327,017 ducks were transported, of which 9,545 (0.077%) died. The levels of transport-related mortality over these years varied significantly (P < 0.001); the lowest mortality was observed in 2011 (0.059%) and the highest in 2013 (0.089%). The impact of distance on transport-related mortality in ducks was demonstrated. The lowest transport-related mortality (0.052%) was found for distances shorter than 50 km. It was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the mortality rates connected with longer journeys. The greatest mortality rates were found for transport distances of 101–200 km (0.105%). In addition, the season of the year significantly affected transport-related mortality in Pekin ducks. The highest death losses were found in the summer (0.090%). Death losses of ducks connected with summer transports were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in comparison with transport-related mortality rates in any other season of the year. The lowest death losses were found in duck transports carried out in the autumn and winter (0.069% and 0.072%, respectively) with no significant difference between those two seasons. Shortening transport distances and maintaining a suitable micro-climate inside transport vehicles especially in the summer are thus two important factors that can contribute to reducing transportrelated mortality in Pekin ducks in commercial practice. Poultry, transport, death on arrival, season, distance, welfare Transportation is regarded as a major stressor for livestock and may have harmful effects on
A portrait of 4979 Otawara, target of the Rosetta space mission

A physical portrait based on spectral and photometric data of 4979 Otawara, the first asteroid target of the Rosetta mission, is presented. The aim of this work is to investigate the composition of 4979 Otawara and to evaluate its rotation pole orientation. The spectroscopic observations obtained at the Palomar 200" and IRTF telescopes cover the wavelength range 0.4 to 2.5 μm, and provide a definitive classification of Otawara as an S-type asteroid. An analysis of band depths and slopes places Otawara in the S(IV) subgroup, suggesting a similarity to ordinary chondrite meteorites. Moreover we present new photometric data, obtained at the Asiago Observatory and at the TNG telescope, that allow confirmation of the fast rotational period of 2.707 ′ 0.005 hours, and a first indication of the spin vector of Otawara.
Outcomes of a Culturally-Based Sexually Risk Reduction Intervention for Adolescents in Puerto Rico: A Cohort Evaluation Report

Objective: Teen pregnancy and sexually risky behaviors among adolescents represent a major public health concern. Despite reduction of teen birth rates, Hispanic adolescents still report higher rates in comparison to other racial and ethnic groups. Under uncontrolled community and school settings, iCuidate! was implemented for assisting Puerto Rican youth reduce sexual risk behaviors in high risk communities. Methods: A prospective assessment was conducted among adolescents that participated in the intervention. A stratified probabilistic sample of 185 adolescents was re-contacted and comparisons were made between participants that completed and not completed the intervention in terms of intent to have sex, sexual encounters, contraceptive methods, teen pregnancy, and improvement in life coping skills. Results: After intervention’s completion participation, adolescents were more likely to ask sexual partner to use any birth control or condom that non-completers. Completers reported 75% less probability of reporting sex ever than those non-completers after controlling for age and gender. They also were more likely to indicate higher intentions to have sex. Among those adolescents that indicated not having sex before starting the intervention, 12.0% had sex and from those that had sex after the intervention, 1.2% reported being pregnant or gotten someone pregnant. Conclusions: The investigation found that an impact in knowledge and attitudes were experienced. Despite teen pregnancy prevention did not reach statistical significance, it resulted in lower incidence than the general population of adolescents.iCuidate! resulted effective in changing the perception towards abstinence, condom utilization, and in delaying age of first sexual encounter.
POTASSIUM SUPPLYING POWER OF SELECTED ALKALINE-CALCAREOUS SOILS IN THE NORTH-WEST OF IRAN

Solution potassium (So-K) and exchangeable K (Ex-K) extracted by NH 4OAc are the major sources of potassium used by plants, but initially non-exchangeable K (NEx-K) can also contribute significantly to plant uptake. Perennial ryegrass ( Lolium Perenne , cv. Roper) was successively planted in ten surface soil samples with different clay mineralogical composition belonging to five soil types to determine the contribution of ExK and NEx-K to K availability in the greenhouse during 260 d (five cuttings). Before planting, soil samples were leached to remove So-K and Ex-K so that the plants would use more K from the NEx-K pool. The leaching was performed using 0.1 M chloride solution containing Ca and Mg in the molar ratio of 4:1. The soil types having initially high NEx-K contents showed a high K uptake. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between total K uptake and illite content for the unleached soils (r = 0.81, P<0.01) and the Ca/Mg leached soils (r = 0.75, P<0.01). Significant declines in the plant K concentration values were observed between the first and the last cutting: from 4.1 to 2.3 g kg -1 (a drop of 45%) for the unleached soils and from 3.4 to 2.1 g kg -1 (a drop of 39%) for the leached soils. By the five cuttings of ryegrass, the concentrations of NH 4OAc-K had significantly (P<0.01) declined in all unleached and leached soils. A pronounced decline in NH 4OAc-K concentrations (a drop of 86% for unleached soil and 89% for leached soil) were detected in the soils belonging to Typic Calcixerepts containing high amount of illite. The NEx-K uptake by ryegrass ranged from 421 to 859 mg kg -1 for the unleached soils and from 410 to 574 mg kg -1 for the leached soils. Among the soils, NEx-K uptake accounted for up to 96% of the total uptake removed by five harvests of ryegrass herbage. For the unleached soils, NEx-K uptake was significantly ( P<0.01) related to total K uptake. There were large differences in NEx-K uptake from soils that had similar NH 4OAc-K values. Hence, K buffer power and soil types coupled with available K must be taken into account when planning any application of K.
Investigating the Effects of conflict styles from the perspective of Kenneth Thomas on Cooperation and performance of staff (Case Study: Corporate Snowa)

The purpose of this study is to Investigating the Effects of conflict styles from the perspective of Thomas Kent on Cooperation and performance of staff . The purpose of this study is functional - practical and the nature and the method of it is descriptive – survey and is of correlation type. The population of this study includes managers at various levels in the Company Snowa in 2012 and statistical sample were 159 who were selected by simple random sampling. In this study, a questionnaire was used for data collection and statistical tests were used to analyze data and test hypotheses. To confirm the Justifiability of the questionnaire, comments and advice of supervisors and some management professors was used and management software SPSS was used to assess the reliability And, Cronbach's alpha was 0/921. In this study, SPSS and AMOS software and path analysis were used for data analysis.
Prediction of particle erosion in the internal cooling channels of a turbine blade

A multi-phase computational approach was adopted for predicting particle erosion in a domain that is representative of the trailing edge region of a rotor blade. The flow field was solved by an in-house FV code adopting a non-linear k-eps-zeta-f elliptic relaxation RANS turbulence model. The model demonstrated to be able to reproduce the anisotropy of near-wall turbulence and, partly, the influence of streamlines curvature on the turbulent flows. Furthermore, URANS predicted very strong unsteadiness that allowed to reconstruct part of the turbulence spectrum and to identify the relevant frequencies. A Lagrangian particle tracking model was used for predicting particle dispersion and erosion of the solid surfaces. Impact mechanisms was modelled using the Tabakoff model, previously validated by the authors on a number of studies. Two particles classes were investigated (5 and 20 μm). The trajectories of the smallest particles were prone to follow the streamlines pattern and erosion rates are also influenced by impact angle. As for the greater particles, the erosion mechanism is mainly dependent from inertia forces.
Morphological Characteristics and Seed Yield of East Anatolian Local Forage Pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) Ecotypes

Local forage pea ecotypes, (Pisum sativum sp. arvense L.) have been cultivated by farmers in the Northern part of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey for years and there has not been any breeding regarding these materials up to now. Thus, the material shows great variation with respect to morphological and agronomical characters compared to commercial forage pea cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield and some traits of promised local pea ecotypes which were selected previous year’s screening study material collected from 61 different locations in the northern part of the Eastern Anatolia in 2007. All seed materials were sown with randomized complete blocks design with three replicates in Ataturk University Faculty of Agriculture Experimental Station in 2009 and 2010. There were considerable variations with respect to investigated characters among the ecotypes and also significant interactions over the years. According to two years results, investigated properties were varied from 83.5 to 126.5 cm for plant height, 102 to 116.5 days for days to harvest, 10.4 to 15.5 for pod number per plant, 3.5 to 5.6 for seed number per pod, 3.0 to 4.4 for lodging score, 67.3 to 227.4 g for 1000 kernel weight, 3.37 to 4.57 t ha -1 for straw yield, 1.50 to 2.21 t ha -1 for seed yield and 27.5 to 35.9 % for harvest index. As a result, Avcilar and Ortakent ecotypes were considered to be tested in location experiment for new variety development because these ecotypes performed more stable results across the years and higher yield performance.
Normal Stages of Development of the Japanese Green Frog Rhacophorus arboreus (Okada et Kawano)

Normal Stages of Development of the Japanese Green Frog Rhacophorus arboreus (Okada et Kawano). Hisaaki IWASAWA and Naoko KAWASAKI* A table for the normal stages of development of the Japanese green frog, Rhacophorus arboreus, is presented. The materials used in the present study were collected on Mt. Yone-yama, Niigata Prefecture, at the beginning of June. The eggs, deposited in a frothy mass hanging on twigs above a pond, are pale yellow in color and ca. 3mm in diameter.
TYPE Ib/c SUPERNOVAE IN BINARY SYSTEMS. I. EVOLUTION AND PROPERTIES OF THE PROGENITOR STARS

We investigate the evolution of Type Ib/c supernova (SN Ib/c) progenitors in close binary systems, using new evolutionary models that include the effects of rotation, with initial masses of 12–25 M☉ for the primary components, and of single helium stars with initial masses of 2.8–20 M☉. We find that, despite the impact of tidal interaction on the rotation of primary stars, the amount of angular momentum retained in the core at the presupernova stage in different binary model sequences converges to a value similar to those found in previous single star models. This amount is large enough to produce millisecond pulsars, but too small to produce magnetars or long gamma-ray bursts. We employ the most up-to-date estimate for the Wolf-Rayet mass-loss rate, and its implications for SN Ib/c progenitors are discussed in detail. In terms of stellar structure, SN Ib/c progenitors in binary systems at solar metallicity are predicted to have a wide range of final masses up to about 7 M☉, with helium envelopes of MHe ≃ 0.16–1.5 M☉. Our results indicate that, if the lack of helium lines in the spectra of SNe Ic were due to small amounts of helium (e.g., MHe ≲ 0.5), the distribution of both initial and final masses of SN Ic progenitors should be bimodal. Furthermore, we find that a thin hydrogen layer (0.001 M☉ ≲ MH ≲ 0.01 M☉) is expected to be present in many SN Ib progenitors at the presupernova stage. We show that the presence of hydrogen, together with a rather thick helium envelope, can lead to a significant expansion of some SN Ib/c progenitors by the time of supernova explosion. This may have important consequences for the shock break-out and supernova light curve. We also argue that some SN progenitors with thin hydrogen layers produced via Case AB/B transfer might be related to Type IIb supernova progenitors with relatively small radii of about 10 R☉.
Competitive Ability of Two Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) With Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.) In a Replacement Series Study

The experiment was conducted outdoors in plastic pot to determine competitive ability of two rice cultivars (Hashemi and Deylamani) with barnyard grass (BYG) in a Replacement Series Study. The experiment was conducted as a Randomized Complete Block Design with a factorial treatment arrangement and three replications. Factors were Two rice cultivars, (Hashemi and Deylamani) and five rice:BYG ratio (8:0, 6:2, 4:4, 2:6 and 0:8). The results of relative yield and total relative yield of aboveground dry weight, root dry weight showed that rice cultivars and BYG were competing for the same resources. Replacement series curves showed that BYG was more competitive than Hashemi cultivar, whereas Deylamani and BYG had equal competitive ability. Moreover, this experiment demonstrated that the competitive ability for Deylamani was more than for Hashemi. This experiment confirmed that differences in weed competitiveness exist among rice cultivars.
Investment Under Rational Inattention: Evidence from US Sectoral Data

Macroeconomic and sector-specific shocks exert differential effects on investment in disaggregate sectoral data. The response to macroeconomic shocks is hump-shaped, just as in aggregate data. The effects of sectoral innovations decrease monotonically. A calibrated model of investment with convex capital adjustment costs and rational inattention explains these features of the data. The model matches the empirical responses of sectoral investment because learning about shocks generates additional investment demand over time, and more so after aggregate shocks with relatively higher persistence. The interaction of information frictions and physical adjustment costs is key to this result.
On the extended zero divisor graph of commutative rings

In this paper we present a new graph that is closely related to the classical zero-divisor graph. In our case two nonzero distinct zero divisors x and y of a commutative ring R are adjacent whenever there exist two nonnegative integers n and m such that x n y m = 0 with x n 0 and y m 0. This yields an extension of the classical zero divisor graph ( R) of R, which will be denoted by ( R). First we distinguish when ( R) and ( R) coincide. Various examples in this context are given. We show that if ( R) ( R), then ( R) must contain a cycle. We also show that if ( R) ( R) and ( R) is complemented, then the total quotient ring of R is zero-dimensional. Among other things, the diameter and girth of ( R) are also studied.
Risk factors for failure in newly established small, micro and medium-sized enterprises in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province, South Africa

The annual report issued for the financial year 2013/2014 by the South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2015) shows that the business confidence index of South Africa was equal to 89.3% in January 2015. According to the South African National Department of Tourism (2015), the tourism sector contributed 93 Billion Rand (3%) to the South African GDP in the year 2012. The contribution of the tourism sector was equal to 189.4 Billion Rand in the year 2009. This figure is projected to grow to 499 Billion Rand by the year 2020. According to the South African Small Enterprise Development Agency (2015), newly established and emerging business enterprises conducting business in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province are less viable and efficient in comparison with well-established tourism enterprises. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify risk factors for underperformance and bankruptcy in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province in South Africa. The study was based on data collected from a stratified random sample of size 311 tourism enterprises that operate in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Data was collected on a large number of socio-economic factors that adversely affect entrepreneurial activities in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses was used in the study. Examples of variables on which data was gathered was level of entrepreneurial skills, level of formal education, location of business, duration of experience, amount of capital, number of employees, ability to network with other tourist operators, degree of competition from rival operators, geographical location, category of business, category of entrepreneurial skills, average number of visitors per month, net profit, size of business, market share, access to finance, and degree of support from Government agencies. Results obtained from the study showed that the long-term survival and viability of African entrepreneurs in the tourism industry of Gauteng Province was significantly and adversely affected by the degree of competition from rival operators, poor networking ability, lack of entrepreneurial skills, low capital, and geographical location. The study found that African entrepreneurs in the tourism industry of Gauteng Province lagged behind their white counterparts significantly in terms of networking ability, capital and entrepreneurial skills. In addition, 82% of the 311 African entrepreneurs who participated in the study lacked suitable skills due to their poor and irrelevant academic and vocational background, and that 59% of entrepreneurs had received little or no assistance in terms of mentoring or training opportunities from South African Government agencies.
The International Zero-Leverage Phenomenon

We analyze the zero-leverage phenomenon around the world. Countries with a common law system, high creditor protection, and a dividend imputation or dividend relief tax system exhibit the highest percentage of zero-leverage firms. The increasing prevalence of zero-leverage firms in all sample countries is related to market-wide forces during our sample period, such as IPO waves, shifts in industry composition, increasing asset volatility, and decreasing corporate tax rates. Firm-level comparisons reveal that only a small number of firms deliberately maintain zero-leverage. Most zero-leverage firms are constrained by their debt capacity. Analyzing the time-series dynamics of leverage and investment behavior, we further show that firms which pursue a zero-leverage policy only for a short period of time seek financial flexibility.
Topological characterization of various types of rings of smooth functions

Topologies on algebraic and equational theories are used to define germ determined, near-point determined, and point determined rings of smooth functions, without requiring them to be finitely generated. It is proved, that any commutative algebra morphism (without requiring continuity) between near-point determined rings of smooth functions is smooth (and hence continuous).
Facilitating learners’ web-based information problem-solving by query expansion-based concept mapping

Web-based information problem-solving has been recognised as a critical ability for learners. However, the development of students’ abilities in this area often faces several challenges, such as difficulty in building well-organised knowledge structures to support complex problems that require higher-order skills (e.g., system thinking). To resolve these issues, this study employs a semi-automatic tool that supports query expansion-based concept mapping (QECM) for assisting learners’ web-based information problem-solving. The query expansion technique aims to recommend relevant concepts and linking words for building the map. The linking of concepts also uses non-taxonomic relationships for visualising a systemic model to develop complex problem-solving. An experiment was conducted by randomly dividing 50 participants into two groups, QECM (experimental) and conventional keyword-based search system, (control), to compare their performance during web-based information problem-solving tasks. The results show that the QECM system facilitated participants in extending their queries so as to enhance the comprehensiveness of their constructed concept maps. The QECM also improved the participants’ information problem-solving performance by bridging concepts of an assigned task. The findings imply that learners using the QECM system can focus on the higher-order tasks of problem-solving and be better engaged in exploring real-life problems with the web.
Health in Pre-Angkorian Cambodia: A Bioarchaeological Analysis of the Skeletal Remains from Phum Snay

Excavations at a pre-Angkorian (c. 350 B.C.–A.D. 200) cemetery in the village of Phum Snay, Northwest Cambodia, have revealed 23 inhumations. This small sample of skeletal remains varies in completeness from a scatter of bone to complete articulated skeletons with an array of grave goods including bronze and iron artifacts. There is archaeological evidence for a possible militarized society, but the overall health of this small cemetery population does not provide further conclusive evidence. Demographically, the skeletal sample lacks many subadults and older adults and is skewed 2 : 1 toward females, but this is probably a result of poor preservation and sample size rather than any true bias in cemetery organization. Stature in both males and females is wide ranging and may indicate a heterogeneous sample either in terms of genetics or access to resources. Dental health shows evidence for sexual differentiation in diet, with females showing more caries and less advanced attrition than males, perhaps reflecting a sexual division of labor. There is also a very high proportion of adults, both male and female, with intentional ablation of the anterior dentition, most commonly involving the upper lateral incisors and upper canines. Apart from some cases of moderate joint degeneration and minor fracture (hand and clavicle), there is very little evidence for significant disease or trauma. Overall, evidence from this small sample is suggestive of a relatively healthy lifestyle but with some indicators of a non-egalitarian social structure.