Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral state index during anaesthetic induction: a comparative study with propofol or nitrous oxide

Background: Confidently predicting the depth of anaesthesia for the individual patient and independently of drug(s) type using EEG‐based monitors has proven difficult. This open, randomized, explorative study of day surgical patients evaluates the ability of the Cerebral State Monitor™ (Danmeter AB, Odense, Denmark) of anaesthetic depth to identify loss of response (LOR) using either propofol or N20 for induction.
Liquidity and Prices in Decentralized Markets with Almost Public Information

This paper develops a dynamic equilibrium model of decentralized asset markets with both search delays and endogenous bargaining delays arising in the limit of almost public information about the asset quality. The model has several implications for liquidity and prices. First, conditional on the public information, the liquidity is U-shaped in the quality and assets in the middle of the quality range may not be traded at all. Second, search and bargaining frictions have opposite effects on the market liquidity showing that transparency, while welfare improving, may also hurt the market liquidity. Third, the substitutability of different asset classes leads to flights-to-liquidity during periods of market uncertainty and reveals adverse effects of gradual transparency policies. Finally, the paper derives the effect of asset liquidity, market liquidity and market tightness on asset prices.
Hereditary Spherocytosis in Neonates With Hyperbilirubinemia

OBJECTIVES: Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most common inherited hemolytic disease among people of Northern European decent. Neonates with HS can develop significant hyperbilirubinemia, but we suspect that HS is underrecognized as a cause of neonatal jaundice. METHODS: We used electronic record repositories of Intermountain Healthcare to identify all neonates with a diagnosis of HS in a recent 5-year period. We compared these with the number of new HS cases anticipated on the basis of national prevalence and also with the number who had elevations in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), and bilirubin. We compared MCHC and RDW values of neonates who had direct antiglobulin test–positive (DAT[+]) and DAT(−) results and jaundice with values of neonates who had HS. RESULTS: Eight neonates received a diagnosis of HS; however, we may have failed to diagnose 90% of cases. To assess whether some with a missed diagnosis of HS developed significant hyperbilirubinemia, we examined records of all 670 with a bilirubin level of ≥20 mg/dL. Records of the 20 with the highest MCHC and RDW values suggested that HS was present but unrecognized in at least 7. Follow-up revealed a subsequent diagnosis of HS in 5; the other 2 are no longer in our health system. MCHC and RDW values were highest in those with HS, intermediate in the DAT(+) group, and lowest in the DAT(−) group. An MCHC of ≥36.0 g/dL had 82% sensitivity and 98% specificity for identifying HS. CONCLUSION: We speculate that HS is underrecognized as a cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We speculate further that an MCHC of ≥36.0 g/dL can alert caregivers to the possibility of HS.
Shear stress activates Akt during vascular smooth muscle cell reorientation

Vascular intervention procedures can lead to endothelial damage and expose the underlying VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells) to shear stress. Although shear stress has been implicated in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying these events are not well understood. In the present study, we examined the effect of shear stress on VSMC reorientation and the activation of Akt (also called protein kinase B) pathway signalling. Cells were subjected to a shear of 9.8 dynes/cm2 (1 dyne=10−5 N) for 0 min, 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 4 h and 24 h. Shear stress caused the VSMCs to realign at an angle that was ∼45 ° relative to the shear force vector after 24 h. Immunoblotting demonstrated that the phosphorylations of Akt and Akt‐related signalling proteins [mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) and p70S6k (p70 S6‐kinase)] were increased after shear stimulation. These results indicate that the activation of the Akt pathway signalling is closely correlated with shear‐induced VSMC reorientation.
T-cell receptor repertoire usage after allografting differs between CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and their CD4+CD25- counterpart.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES After allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) the whole T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire shows a markedly skewed pattern for 2-3 years. A small fraction of CD4+ T cells is represented by CD25+ regulatory lymphocytes (Treg), which play a crucial role in modulating peripheral tolerance. To investigate their ability to react to the massive antigenic stimulation generated in an allogeneic host, which could significantly affect their pattern of reconstitution, we analyzed the TCR repertoire of Treg after SCT, focusing on the degree of similarity to CD4+CD25- conventional T cells (Tconv). DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed the TCR Vbeta repertoire of Treg in ten patients who had received allogeneic SCT, by using complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping. We developed a new similarity score for the analysis. This score expresses the proportion of Vbeta with similar profile between Treg and Tconv. RESULTS For up to 3 years after SCT the repertoires of Treg and Tconv were characterized by several Vbeta with different profiles between the two cell subsets, while they were extremely similar in patients more than 3 years post-allografting (similarity score= 0.90 vs. 0.61). The differences observed early after SCT were mainly ascribable to Vbeta expressing an oligoclonal profile in Tconv but not in Treg. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the TCR repertoires of Treg and Tconv are significantly different early post-SCT, while they tend to become identical with full reconstitution. This difference could reflect either a discrepancy in the in vivo reactivity against common antigenic stimulations or be the result of different post-transplant ontogeny.
Marital implications of parent-adult child coresidence: a longitudinal view.

OBJECTIVES This study assesses implications of changes in coresidence with adult children for parents' marital relations, hypothesizing that transitions into coresidence lower marital quality and transitions out of coresidence increase marital quality. METHODS Panel data from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Survey of Families and Households are used to analyze whether change in three measures of marital quality-time together, happiness, and disagreements-is related to adult child coresidence. RESULTS When adult children move out, parent couples increase their time together; there is a tendency for reduced time together when the nest "refills. " However, there are no effects of moves in or out on the marital happiness of parents or the number of marital disagreements they have. There is also no effect on time together or on marital quality when one adult child moves out but another moves in during the same period. The presence of younger children has more consistent associations with marital quality. DISCUSSION Coresidence with adult children does not appear to be an experience that disrupts the quality of marital relations. It may be that qualitative dimensions of coresidence experiences with adult children matter more than coresidence per se.
Influence of temperature management on neurocognitive function in biological aortic valve replacement. A prospective randomized trial.

AIM Aim of this study was to elucidate if postoperative neurocognitive function after biological aortic valve replacement (AVR) can be influenced by temperature management during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS In this prospective randomized study, we measured the effect of mild hypothermic (32 °C, N.=30) vs. normothermic (37 °C, N.=30) CPB on neurocognitive function. All patients underwent elective isolated biological AVR (mean age 67 ± 8 years, mean additional EuroSCORE 5.6 ± 2.4). Neurocognitive function was objectively measured by means of objective P300 auditory-evoked potentials before surgery, one week and four months after surgery. Clinical data and outcome were monitored. RESULTS P300 evoked potentials were comparable between patients operated with mild hypothermic (370 ± 30 ms) and normothermic CPB (373 ± 32 ms) before surgery (P=0.85). P300 peak latencies were prolonged (=impaired) in patients operated with normothermic (402 ± 29, P<0.0001) as well as with mild hypothermic CPB (405 ± 30 ms, P<0.0001) one week after surgery. Even four months after surgery, still impairment of P300 peak latencies could be documented in either patients operated with normothermic (394 ± 28 ms) and mild hypothermic CPB (400 ± 33 ms,) in repeated measures analysis of variance (P=0.042). Group comparison revealed no difference between patients operated with normothermic and mild hypothermic CPB at one week (P=0.54) and four months (P=0.67) after surgery. Clinical data as well as postoperative adverse events were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION Normothermic temperature management during CPB is non-inferior to hypothermic in means of neuroprotection. Since patients after biological aortic valve replacement show a subclinical but measurable cognitive deficit up to four months after surgery, other factors have to be addressed to add further benefit to the extremely good results of open biological AVR.
Direct Comparison of the Traditional and Reverse Syphilis Screening Algorithms in a Population with a Low Prevalence of Syphilis

ABSTRACT We describe the first direct comparison of the reverse and traditional syphilis screening algorithms in a population with a low prevalence of syphilis. Among 1,000 patients tested, the results for 6 patients were falsely reactive by reverse screening, compared to none by traditional testing. However, reverse screening identified 2 patients with possible latent syphilis that were not detected by rapid plasma reagin (RPR).
Oxygen delivery and cardiac output during exercise following oral phosphate-glucose.

Phosphate has been proposed as an ergogenic aid since it may enhance O2 delivery and cardiac work efficiency by increasing plasma phosphate (P Pi), red blood cell phosphate (RBC Pi), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), RBC adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and P50. In 10 normal, fasting males we measured cardiac output (Q) by CO2 rebreathing, heart rate (HR), O2 deficit (O2DEF), and O2 consumption (VO2) during cycle ergometer exercise (60% of peak VO2). Stroke volume (SV) and arteriovenous O2 difference (A-VO2) were calculated. Following a baseline blood sample (BASE) for P Pi, RBC Pi, DPG, RBC ATP, and P50 (3 h before exercise), a single oral dose of dicalcium phosphate (129 mmol) and glucose (500 ml/10% sol, PHOS), or placebo (PLA), was administered in a random, crossover, double-blind fashion. Blood sampling was repeated immediately before and after exercise (PRE-EX and POST-EX). PHOS induced increases in P Pi (3.87 to 4.35 mg.dl-1, P less than 0.05), RBC Pi (3.86 to 4.63 mg.dl-1, P = 0.08), DPG (11.8 to 13.1 mumol.g-1 Hb, P less than 0.05), RBC ATP (4.2 to 4.4 mumol.g-1 Hb, P less than 0.05), and P50 (26.8 to 27.9 mm Hg, P less than 0.05) from BASE to PRE-EX. All variables remained elevated through the exercise period, as evidenced by higher levels than BASE at POST-EX (P less than 0.05). However, P50 was not different across conditions at PRE-EX (PHOS P50 = 27.9, PLA P50 = 28.3 mm Hg) or POST-EX (PHOS P50 = 28.0, PLA P50 = 28.1 mm Hg). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Selected amino acids protect hybridoma and CHO cells from elevated carbon dioxide and osmolality.

Elevated pCO(2) inhibits cell growth. This growth inhibition is accompanied by a decrease in intracellular pH (pHi), as well as a decrease in glycolysis. Elevated concentrations (mM) of some amino acids have been shown by others to protect cells exposed to two very different environmental stresses: nutrient starvation and hyperosmolality. The fact that many of the amino acids shown to have protective effects against other stresses are transported into the cell through a pHi-sensitive transporter led us to study the possibility of using these amino acids as protective agents under elevated pCO(2). Screening experiments using 5, 15, and 25 mM of each amino acid showed that not all amino acids that protect cells from hyperosmolality protect them from elevated pCO(2). Glycine betaine and glycine were chosen for further characterization in both hybridoma and CHO cells. Asparagine and threonine were also tested in hybridoma and CHO cells, respectively. All amino acids tested under 195 mm Hg pCO(2)/435 mOsm/kg (50% growth inhibition) restored the specific growth rate (mu) in hybridoma cells to that observed under control conditions (40 mm Hg/320 mOsm/kg). Addition of each amino acid resulted in an increase in the consumption rate and intracellular accumulation of that amino acid. In CHO cells, glycine betaine also restored mu to control values, while glycine and threonine partially restored mu. In hybridoma cells, the higher specific antibody productivity obtained at elevated pCO(2) was maintained with the lowest amino acid concentration (5 mM). Productivity decreased toward control values with increasing amino acid concentrations. Elevated pCO(2) decreased the specific tPA productivity in the CHO cell line studied. Only glycine betaine resulted in a 20% increase in productivity at 195 mm Hg/435 mOsm/kg. With the exception of glycine betaine in hybridoma cells, amino acids did not mitigate the associated pHi decrease of at least 0.2 pH units at 195 mm Hg/435 mOsm/kg. pHi in hybridoma cells under elevated pCO(2) in the presence of glycine betaine was about 0.1 pH units below that of control. Amino acids had no effect on the cell size response of hybridoma cells, while they partially offset the increase in CHO cell size at elevated pCO(2). Glycine betaine, asparagine, and glycine increased the specific glucose consumption rate observed at 195 mm Hg/435 mOsm/kg (50% of control) to values greater than 70% of control in hybridoma cells. In CHO cells, only glycine betaine increased q(glc) (by 20%) under elevated pCO(2). All amino acids tested improved the cell yield from glutamine at 195 mm Hg/435 mOsm/kg in both cell lines.
Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) inhibits neointimal hyperplasia by suppression of ERK via PKCα-mediated MKP-1 induction.

AIMS Hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after blood vessel injury is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms associated with neointima. Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) is a cytoprotective agent in a variety of cells including hepatocytes as well as an inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether TUDCA could prevent neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing the growth and migration of VSMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Transporters of TUDCA uptake in human VSMCs (hVSMCs) were analysed by RT-PCR and western blot. A knock-down experiment using specific si-RNA revealed that TUDCA was incorporated into hVSMCs via organic anion transporter 2 (OATP2). TUDCA reduced the viability of hVSMCs, which were mediated by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) via protein kinase Cα (PKCα). The anti-proliferative effect of TUDCA was reversed by treatment with 7-hydroxystaurosporine, an inhibitor of PKC, and by the knock-down of MKP-1. In addition, TUDCA suppressed hVSMC migration, which was mediated by reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression by ERK inhibition, as well as reduced viability of hVSMCs. Rats with carotid artery balloon injury received oral administration of TUDCA; this reduced the increase in ERK and MMP-9 caused by balloon injury. TUDCA significantly decreased the ratio of intima to media by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of the VSMCs. CONCLUSION TUDCA inhibits neointimal hyperplasia by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of smooth muscle cells by suppression of ERK via PKCα-mediated MKP-1 induction.
An Experimental Test of the No Safety Schools Theorem

In simultaneous search problems individuals choose a portfolio of risky options from a larger menu of options with utility determined by the portfolio’s option with the best ex-post outcome. Chade and Smith (2006) examine simultaneous search problems and show that the optimal portfolio includes the utility maximizing option and others that are riskier. However, Pallais (2015) shows that when individuals apply to more colleges, their decisions are inconsistent with theoretical predictions. We replicate this ? nding experimentally and show that subjects select similar portfolios when the payo? s are independent, suggesting subjects ignore the rival nature of the options.
Unemployment: Crisis of the common man.

ANY PERIOD of widespread, prolonged unemployment raises the specter of possible family disorganization and even disintegration. The Great Depression of the 1930's led to a number of studies of family reactions to unemployment and lowered income. These studies can lay the foundation for current studies and even for current methods of alleviation, with some consideration for the differences between the 1930's and the late 1950's.
Modelling ‘Leaning Against the Wind’ of Asset Price Bubbles

This paper investigates the effects of different monetary policy regimes on asset prices. A model which incorporates speculative behaviour, central bank reactions and expectations of those reactions, is exposed to a series of shocks under two different regimes. The results of these simulations suggest that a policymaker who reacts (in a context of imperfect information) to possible bubble developments can deliver better economic outcomes, in terms of the level and volatility of the bubble, output and inflation, than a policymaker who does not react to asset prices. This area is of particular importance to policymakers since Goodhart and Hofmann (2008) argue that shocks to house prices, credit and money can have significant effects on the economy and overall price inflation. They find in particular that shocks to money and credit have a stronger effect on house prices when they are booming than at other times. As a result, they suggest that there may be a role for the central bank to play in responding indirectly to asset-price bubbles.
Evaluation of Food-Based Attractants for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract The Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a highly invasive species attacking a wide range of ripening soft-skinned fruits. A series of laboratory choice tests were conducted to determine whether different levels of rice vinegar affected attraction of Merlot wine to D. suzukii, as well as to compare attractiveness of two common fermentation food baits: wine–vinegar and yeast–sugar water mixtures. The relative attraction of various combinations was used to develop a bait whose effectiveness was tested in the field. In laboratory choice experiments, wine–vinegar (80:20, v:v, hereafter referred to as wine) was more preferred over a yeast–sugar water mixture (hereafter referred to as yeast) by D. suzukii. Combination baits, either a mixture of wine and yeast or a mixture of wine and a supernatant from the yeast (comboS), were significantly more attractive than each product alone. The two combination baits were equally attractive to D. suzukii, so were the yeast and its supernatant, suggesting that yeast supernatant could be used as a replacement for the yeast–sugar mixture currently used for trapping D. suzukii. The additive effect between wine and yeast supernatant in the field was not as profound as observed in the laboratory. In the field trial, numerically more male and female D. suzukii were captured in traps baited with comboS than those baited with the wine or yeast alone; however, significant differences were only found between the comboS and wine or between the comboS and yeast in some weeks over the period of the experiment.
Mortgage Risk Premiums during the Housing Bubble

How did pricing for mortgage credit risk change during the years prior to the 2008 financial crisis? Using a database from a major American bank that served as trustee for private-label mortgage-backed securitized (PLS) loans, this paper identifies a decline in credit spreads on mortgages conditioned on loan and borrower characteristics. We show that observable risk factors, FICO score and loan-to-value ratio, had less of an impact on mortgage pricing over time. As the volume of PLS mortgages expanded and lending terms eased, risk premiums failed to price the increase in risk.
Recalculating the agricultural labor force in China

ABSTRACT In this study, we use a hypothetical method to recalculate the agricultural labor force based on statistical data on the labor force in China. We confirm the revised agricultural labor force data by estimating the agricultural production function. Through comparing the marginal labor productivity with the subsistence level of wages in the agricultural sector, we find that the overstated figures of agricultural labor force not only result in the underestimation of agricultural labor productivity but also are misleading by indicating that China reaches the Lewis turning point later than in actuality. The process of labor transfer in China, a large part of which is through rural migrant workers, has been much faster than expected.
Intercostal Bundle-Splitting Thoracotomy Reduces Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain

Intercostal nerve damage is the probable cause of chronic post-thoracotomy pain, but the precise mechanism is not known. To reduce this pain, we devised a simple method of rib spreading and closure (intercostal bundle-splitting thoracotomy), which avoids the intercostal nerve during thoracotomy, and then verified its effectiveness. The devised method appears to result in less chronic pain than the conventional method.
Deflation and output across sectors: results for the Czech Republic

DEFLATION AND OUTPUT ACROSS SECTORS: RESULTS FOR THE CZECH REPUBLIC Pavel Ryska, Petr Sklenář The present paper looks into the relationship between defl ation and economic output. Previous studies relied uniquely on annual macroeconomic data on GDP and prices, which caused lack of observations on defl ation. This paper uses panel data on 86 sectors of the Czech economy in 1993-2015, which offer more variation in price changes and display frequent observations of defl ation. Our goal is to test the hypothesis whether defl ation negatively affects output growth – as is commonly thought – and whether central banks should counter all defl ation that appears. The most common argument against defl ation is that decreasing prices lead consumers and fi rms to postpone purchases, which in turn depresses output. We fi nd that (1) sectors with output price defl ation and below-average infl ation have higher growth rate of output, and that (2) these sectors also tend to show quicker growth in gross value added. This evidence contradicts the often held notion that defl ation is linked with recession or subpar growth. It also shows that fi rms with defl ating output prices do not have trouble preserving their profi ts. Defl ation observed in the Czech economy in 1993-2015 is likely to be the result of falling unit costs enabled by fi rms’ investment rather than the result of falling demand. This might have policy implications. Our results highlight that monetary policy should differentiate among sources of defl ation and that defl ation observed in the Czech Republic has been rather of the ‘good’ type. We believe that our approach using sector data is novel because it uncovers more variation in prices and output than the more common approach that uses macroeconomic aggregates.