Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Abundances and Physical Parameters of H II Regions in the Magellanic Clouds

Usamos datos en la region ultravioleta, visible e infrarroja de 11 regiones HII en las Nubes de Magallanes, a fin de determinar sus parametros fisicos y abundancias quimicas. Asi, hacemos un modelo de fotoionizacion de seis regiones HII en la Gran Nube de Magallanes (GNM) y cinco regiones HII en la Pequena Nube de Magallanes (PNM), lo cual nos permite calcular las abundancias de He, G, N, O, Ne, S y Ar. Los valores calculados se comparan con los encontrados en la literatura para regiones HII, nebulosas planetarias y estrellas. Obtuvimos los valores de las abundancias ajustando modelos del codigo CLOUDY para las intensidades de linea observadas. Ademas, las observaciones en el Observatorio Pico dos Dias de [S II] λ6717/λ6731 para regiones HII en la PNM nos permiten determinar la densidad electronica. Los datos IUE de las lineas [C III] λ1909 se usan para determinar la abundancia de C de seis y cinco regiones HII en la GNM y en la PNM, respectivamente
Gross Antibodies, Chemical Composition of Bovine Milk and its Influence by Thermal Stability

Immunoglobulin G (IgG), chemical composition contents of bovine milk during the first week of postpartum and the effect of heat treatments on bovine colostrum IgG contents were evaluated. Individual milk samples were collected from five cows at 0-0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days postpartum. The obtained results showed that the total solids, total protein, fat and ash contents decreased irregular with time after parturition, while the lactose content had an opposite trend. IgG concentrations were higher significantly during 0-0.5 and 1st days than those of other days postpartum, where the mean ± SD of IgG concentrations were 122.60 ± 5.24 and 118.44 ± 5.90 g/L during 0-0.5 and 1st days postpartum, respectively. However, IgG concentrations dropped markedly with time progress of lactation at the end of the first week (7th day); it was 55.16 ± 17.30 g/L that had dropped ratio of 55.01% when compared with its concentrations at 0-0.5 day. The IgG concentrations of thermally treated colstrum were decreased to 28.24, 30.27 and 30.18% at 63°C/30 min as well as 57.33, 73.54 and 95.1% at 72°C/15 sec during 1, 2 and 3 days postpartum, respectively. On the other hand, the most thermal influence on IgG was at 100°C/10 min, where the percentage losses were 95.72% at 1st and 100% at 2 and 3 days postpartum. The total amino acids values of bovine milk immunoglobulins (IgS) were highest at 0-0.5 day and dropped markedly with time progress of lactation.
Quantitative evaluation of the low Earth orbit satellite based slant total electron content determination

With the increased number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites equipped with GPS receivers, LEO based GPS observations play a more important role in space weather research because of better global coverage and higher vertical resolution. GPS slant total electron content (TEC) is one of the most important space weather products. In this paper, the LEO based slant TEC derivation method and the main error sources, including the multipath calibration, the leveling of phase to the pseudorange TEC, and the differential code bias (DCB) estimation, are described systematically. It is found that the DCB estimation method based on the spherical symmetry ionosphere assumption can obtain reasonable results by analyzing data from multiple LEO missions. The accuracy of the slant TEC might be enhanced if the temperature dependency of DCB estimation is considered. The calculated slant TEC is validated through comparison with empirical models and analyzing the TEC difference of COSMIC colocated clustered observations during the initial stage. Quantitatively, the accuracy of the LEO slant TEC can be estimated at 1–3 tecu, depending on the mission. Possible use of the LEO GPS data in ionosphere and plasmasphere is discussed.
The role of the densification of moulding sands with inorganic binders in the modeling of their strength obtained after microwave hardening

The study attempts to complement the information on the effect of the density of moulding sands with inorganic binders on basic strength parameters, i.e. the tensile and bending strength of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate, after the process of fast microwave heating. The tests applied fresh medium quartz sand and three types of commercial non-modified hydrated sodium silicate with a molar module (SiO2/Na2O) ranging from 1.9 to 3.4. The masses made of 0.5 wt. % of water and 1.5 wt. % of binder underwent vibrational densification so as, to obtain different apparent densities (ρ0) of the moulding sand. The examined strength parameters, after hardening and cooling of the mass samples, were compared to apparent density. The results of the studies of the effect of a diversified density were referred to in the literature data. The occurrence of relations between the apparent density and the tensile and bending strength of the hardened masses was confirmed by means of linear models for advantageous microwave heating, similarly to the previously discussed cases of the use of chemical methods of curing inorganic binders. Also, based on the performed tests, similar strength increases were established, as a result of the changes in the apparent density of the microwave heated masses to those which were observed in the chemically hardened masses. The tests results were used to evaluate the quality of the chemical binders applied in casting according to the strength criteria per 1 wt. % of binder in the mass. In the case of
Challenges and Opportunities of the Optimality Approach in Plant Ecology

A meeting was held in Hyytiala, Finland 10–12 April 2000 to assess critically the current challenges and limitations of the optimality approach in plant ecophysiology and botany. This article summarises the general discussions and views of the participants on the use of optimisation models as tools in plant ecophysiological research. A general framework of the evolutionary optimisation problem is sketched with a review of applications, typically involved with balanced regulation between parallel processes. The usefulness and limitations of the approach are discussed in terms of published examples, with special reference to model testing. We conclude that, regardless of inevitable problems of model formulation, wider application of the optimality approach could provide a step forward in plant ecophysiology. A major role of evolutionary theory in this process is simply the formulation of testable hypotheses, the evaluation of which can lead to important advances in our ecophysiological understanding and predictive ability.
Interactive comment on “Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland – Part 2: Impact of snowpack chemistry on the oxidation capacity of the boundary layer” by J. L. Thomas et al

COMMENT 1: The authors have used the MISTRA-SNOW model along with data from the GSHOX campaign of 2008 to analyze the coupled chemistry of the snowpack and the polar boundary layer at Summit, Greenland. They previously (Thomas et al., 2011) used the same model to study NOx and BrO chemistry during the same campaign. As other reviewers for this manuscript and Thomas et al. (2011) have pointed out, the MISTRASNOW model is a success, and a significant advance beyond previous models, in the sense that the authors have been able to reproduce the gas-phase
DIRICHLET SERIES AND APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS OF MHD FLOW OVER A LINEARLY STRETCHING SHEET

The paper presents the semi-numerical solution for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) viscous ow due to a stretching sheet caused by boundary layer of an incompressible viscous ow. The governing partial dierential equations of momentum equations are reduced into a nonlinear ordinary dierential equation (NODE) by using a classical similarity transformation along with appropriate boundary conditions. Both nonlinearity and innite interval demand novel the mathematical tools for their analysis. The solution of the resulting third order nonlinear boundary value problem with an innite interval is obtained using fast converging Dirichlet series method and approximate analytical method viz. method of stretching of variables. These methods have the advantages over pure numerical methods for obtaining the derived quantities accurately for various values of the parameters involved at a stretch and they are valid in much larger parameter domain as compared with HAM, HPM, ADM and the classical numerical schemes. Also, these methods require less computer memory space as compared with pure numerical methods.
Actor and partner effects of coping on adjustment in couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment

background Infertility is a shared experience as it affects both partners. However, mutual dependencies between coping and adjustment at the couple level remain to be fully elucidated. The study attempted to address this issue using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to examine the actor effect (the extent to which an individual’s score on coping predicted their own level of depressive symptoms and life purpose) and the partner effect (the extent to which an individual’s score on coping predicted the level of adjustment in the partner) in couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment (ART).
Allyship as a Diversity and Inclusion Tool in the Workplace

Abstract Purpose This chapter reviews previous research on allyship: non-minority individuals who choose to support minorities while working to end discrimination and prejudice. In particular, the focus of this chapter is on how allyship applies to the workplace. We argue that allyship can be a diversity management tool to help reduce workplace discrimination. Methodology To explore this topic, we conducted a literature review on allyship in the workplace and synthesized previous research together. We examined research from both organizational and non-organizational settings. Findings Our review of previous literature is divided into three sections. First, we discuss what all entails allyship, including knowledge, communication, and, in particular, action. Next, we discuss the many outcomes previous research suggests comes from allyship (including benefits to other individuals, benefits to the overall culture, and benefits to the ally him or herself). Finally, we conclude with a discussion of who is likely to become an ally as well as the journey a person goes through to become a true ally. Value This chapter can be useful for practitioners who wish to promote allyship within his or her workplace. Organizations that want to strengthen their diversity and inclusion climate can consider developing ally training programs and promoting ally culture. Additionally, this chapter can be useful for researchers who wish to study the topic. Currently, there is a dearth of research on allyship specifically within the workplace; this chapter can help future researchers identify areas for empirical exploration.
Does the way one feels about relationships matter in academic situations? A study of the role of social self-concept on academic achievement of adolescents in Zimbabwe secondary schools: A qualitative study

Low academic achievement continues to be a challenge for the education system and society as a whole. A search for causes of low academic achievement and possible solutions remains top priority for institutions, educators, leaders and policy makers. The study sought to investigate the role of learner social self-concept on academic achievement of adolescents in secondary schools in selected areas of Zimbabwe. A qualitative methodology using focus group interviews was adopted to obtain detailed information about how learners felt about their social relationships with significant others including parents, educators and peers, and their effect on academic performance. High and low performing learners from urban and rural secondary schools were involved. Results have shown that positive social relationships were important for learning and achievement and that gender was only important for stereotyping subject choice but not overall performance. In view of the research results it is important that educators, parents, peers work
Issues regarding targeting and adoption of quality protein maize (QPM)

Improvements in the production characteristics of quality protein maize (QPM) are currently leading to its reintroduction in various areas of the world, both for human and animal consumption. Although the improved QPM varieties produce yields that are highly competitive with other modern varieties, doubt still remains about the extent of protein deficiency as a nutritional problem in humans, as well as the feasibility of implementing the technology. This paper explores the pros and cons of adoption of QPM for human consumption and as animal feed, reviews where in the developing world it is most likely to have an impact, and discusses some important issues regarding its introduction. Based on current data, the extent of protein deficiency as a nutritional problem among humans is unclear. Although it is not generally considered to be a widespread problem, it may be significant among certain populations, particularly young children during the weaning period. In addition, the technology faces production and distribution problems: genetic loss of the recessive, high protein gene remains a constraint, as does identification of QPM, which is now virtually indistinguishable from other maize. These problems greatly complicate the delivery of QPM to the target groups. QPM’s nutritional impact as an animal feed is more straightforward, but it remains to be seen whether it is an economically viable alternative to synthetically produced amino acids. Assuming that positive resolutions to these issues are found, QPM is most likely to have its greatest human nutritional impact in African countries with high maize consumption. It could also be important, however, in Central America and specific areas of South America and Asia. Its greatest potential for use as animal feed is in China, where it is already grown for this purpose. However, it has significant potential in other countries included in this study, with the exception of most of the African countries where pork and poultry consumption tends to be very low.
Causes and consequences of underground economy

In this endeavor an attempt has been made to investigate the major causes and factors of influence of the underground economy. Our analysis is based on the study of tax payer behavior and taxation system pattern. The paper examines how social institutions and government policies affect underground economy. All these factors have an important impact on the level and size of underground economy and determine the consequences of this phenomenon.
Influence of Environmental Disclosures on the Financial Performance of Public Listed Malaysian Manufacturing Companies

This study aims to assess the trend of environmental disclosures of publicly listed Malaysian manufacturing companies. It also investigates the relationships among organizational characteristics (control variables), environmental disclosures (independent variables), and financial performance (dependent variables). Based on content analysis our findings involving 120 publicly listed Malaysian companies indicate that most of these companies are cognizant of the importance of environmental disclosures. Results of this study show that environmental disclosures can be divided into pollution abatement and other environmental information. Environmental disclosures are determined to be significantly and positively correlated with financial performance of manufacturing companies.
Fiscal Policies in Highly Unequal Societies: Implications for Agricultural Growth

The paper discusses the economic effects of misallocation of public expenditures in favor of private goods rather than public goods. It first lays out certain key hypotheses regarding the consequences of the apparent public sector allocation inefficiency and the factors that explain this phenomenon. It then discusses existing empirical evidence that lends at least indirect support to these hypotheses. Finally, it presents new empirical evidence for the rural sector in Latin America which documents the extent of the misallocation of public expenditures, its consequences for agricultural growth and rural poverty, and the role of certain key politico-institutional factors in explaining the misallocation.
Factors related to self-care behaviors in hypertensive individuals based on Health Belief Model

Introduction: Hypertension is a chronic asymptomatic disease that one out of three adults is infected worldwide. This study was performed to determine the factors related to self-care behaviors in hypertensive individuals based on Health Belief Model (HBM). The disease is not curable, though it is necessary to be managed. The study was performed to determine the factors related to self-care behaviors in hypertensive individuals based on HBM. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study (cross-sectional) was carried out for 298 hypertensive patients over 30 years of age residing at rural villages of Hamadan province. Sampling was conducted by a multi-stage method. The patients were selected by simple random method. Questionnaires were filled by self-report and interviews. Data gathering tool was questionnaire based on HBM, knowledge of self-care behaviors and demographic variables questions. Results: Regression test showed statistically significant relationship between perceived barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action with self-care behaviors (P 0.05). Conclusion: According to the relationship between perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy with self-care behaviors, it would be warranted to perform educational plans based on health belief model, emphasizing on factors influencing self-care behaviors. © 2015, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Deutsche Mark–Dollar Volatility: Intraday Activity Patterns, Macroeconomic Announcements, and Longer Run Dependencies

This paper characterizes the volatility in the DM-dollar foreign exchange market using an annual sample of five-minute returns. Our modeling approach explicitly captures the pronounced intraday activity patterns, the strong macroeconomic announcement effects, and the volatility persistence, or ARCH effects, familiar from lower frequency returns. The different features are separately quantified and shown, in conjunction, to account for a substantial fraction of the realized return variability, both at the intradaily and daily levels. Moreover, we demonstrate how the high frequency returns, when properly modeled, constitute an extremely valuable and vastly underutilized resource for better understanding the volatility dynamics at the daily or lower frequencies.
Environmental parameters associated with stable fly development at hay feeding sites

Substrates composed of hay residues, dung, and urine accumulate around winter hay feeding sites in cattle pastures, providing developmental habitats for stable flies. The objective of this study was to relate physiochemical and microbial properties of these substrates to the presence or absence of stable fly larvae. Properties included pH, temperature, moisture, ammonium concentration, electrical conductivity, and numbers of coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus bacteria. Each physiochemical sample was classified as a function of belonging to one of the three 2-m concentric zones radiating from the feeder as well as presence or absence of larvae. In total, 538 samples were collected from 13 sites during 2005–2011. Stable fly larvae were most likely to be found in moist, slightly alkaline substrates with high levels of ammonium and low temperature. The probability of larvae being present in a sample was the highest when the moisture content was 347% relative to dry weight and the average pH was 8.4. Larvae were recovered within all zones, with a nonsignificant, but slightly higher, percentage of samples containing larvae taken 2–4 m from the center. All methods used to enumerate bacteria, except total coliform, indicated decreasing concentrations in hay bale residue throughout the summer. In addition to the environmental parameters, cumulative degree day 10 C had a significant effect on the probability of observing stable fly larvae in a sample, indicating that unidentified seasonal effects also influenced immature stable fly populations.
Depositional style and tectonostratigraphic evolution of El Bierzo Tertiary sub-basin (Pyrenean orogen, NW Spain)

El Bierzo Tertiary sub-basin (Oligocene–Miocene, NW Spain) is a small remnant of the western Duero Basin, a nonmarine broken foreland basin developed in front of the Cantabrian Mountains (Pyrenean orogen). The alluvial infill of El Bierzo Tertiary sub-basin consists of a coarsening-upward succession from fluvial (Toral Formation) to alluvial-fan deposits (Las Medulas Formation) and reflects the uplift of the Cantabrian Mountains, in the north, and then of the related Galaico-Leoneses Mountains, in the south. These alluvial deposits show signs of having been laid down mainly by catastrophic flows (flood-dominated systems) and consist of three main depositional elements, namely, flood-plain fines, and lobe and channel conglomerates and sandstones. The vertical stacking patterns of these deposits and their relationships to the Alpine structures permit to unravel the tectonosedimentary evolution of the basin. The alluvial-plain element is the main constituent of a wide unconfined alluvial plain (Toral Formation) during the early stages of basin evolution, whereas the channel and lobe elements form a set of relatively small, laterally confined alluvial fans (Las Medulas Formation) fed first from the north and then from the south. Las Medulas deposits form two superposed units, the lower unit, cut by the Alpine thrusts, shows a progradational character, and the upper unit, which postdates most of the thrusts but not the youngest ones, displays a composite retrogradational trend. This organisation reflects the interplay between thrust emplacement and alluvial-fan sedimentation and suggests that maximum progradation took place during the climax of Alpine deformation.
Government Revenue and Government Expenditure Nexus in Asian Countries: Panel Cointegration and Causality

The relationship between government revenue and government expenditure has been an important topic in public economics, given its relevance for policy especially with respect to the budget deficit. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between government revenue and government expenditure in 40 Asian countries for the period of 1995 to 2008. We include GDP as a control variable into the model. Data properties were analyzed to determine their stationarity using the LLC and IPS unit root tests which indicated that the series are I(1). We find a cointegration relationship between government revenue and government expenditure by applying Kao panel cointegration test. The causality tests indicate that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between government expenditure and revenues in both the long and the short run and Fiscal synchronization hypothesis is confirmed. The policy implication of the results suggests that there is interdependence between government expenditure and revenues. The government makes its expenditure and revenues decision simultaneously. Under this scenario the fiscal authorities of these countries with budget deficits should raise revenues and decrease spending simultaneously in order to control their budget deficits.