Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study and Comparative Analysis of Effective and Ineffective Leadership Skills of Physician and Non-Physician Health Care Administrators

This paper explores and compares, at both micro and macro levels, the leadership skills of effective and ineffective managers in a health care setting. In addition, it compares the leadership skills of physician and non-physician health care administrators at both levels. The results indicate that effective managers have significantly different leadership skill profiles than ineffective managers. Furthermore, effective managers have a more complete set of skills and are not as likely to rely on one type of skills as the ineffective managers. In addition, no substantial evidence was found to support prior assertions that physician administrators would be deficient in leadership skills.
Evaluation of prognostic markers in severe drug-induced liver disease.

AIM To analyze the outcome of patients with severe drug-induced liver disease (DILD) associated with jaundice classified as hepatocellular, cholestatic or mixed liver injury and to evaluate the validity of Hyos rule and the most important predictors for outcome. METHODS The Adverse Drug Reaction Advisory Committee was set up in 1997 in our hospital to identify all suspicions of DILD following a structured prospective report form. Liver damage was divided into hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed types according to laboratory and histologic criteria when available. Further evaluation of causality assessment was performed. RESULTS From January 1997 to December 2004, 265 patients were diagnosed with DILD, and 140 (52.8%) of them were female. hepatocellular damage was the most common (72.1%), the incidence of death was 9.9% in patients with hepatocellular damage and 9.5% in patients with cholestatic/mixed damage (P < 0.05). There was no difference in age of dead and recovered patients. The proportion of females and males was similar in recovered and dead patients, no difference was observed in duration of treatment between the two groups. The serum total bilirubin (P < 0.001), direct bilirubin (P < 0.001) and aspartate transaminase (AST) (P = 0.013) values were higher in dead patients than in recovered patients. Chinese herbal medicine was the most frequently prescribed, accounting for 24.2% of the whole series. However, antitubercular drugs (3.4%) were found to be the primary etiological factor for fetal DILD. Factors associated with the development of fulminant hepatic failure were hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 43.66, 95% CI = 8.47-224.95, P < 0.0001), ascite (OR = 28.48, 95% CI = 9.26-87.58, P < 0.0001), jaundice (OR = 11.43, 95% CI = 1.52-85.96, P = 0.003), alcohol abuse (OR = 3.83, 95% CI = 1.26-11.67, P = 0.035) and direct bilirubin (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.25-2.58, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Death occurs in 9.8% of patients with DILD. Chinese herbal medicine stands out as the most common drug for DILD. While antitubercular drugs are found to be the primary etiological factor for fetal DILD, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, jaundice, alcohol abuse and direct bilirubin levels are associated with the death of DILD patients.
It’s only natural: conservatives and climate change in Australia

ABSTRACT With near consensus over the causes of climate change among scientific experts, only two-thirds of Australians believe that most scientists are in agreement. Ninety per cent claim climate change is occurring, yet almost one third claim climate change has ‘natural‘ causes. Women, ’global citizens’, those who mainly consume public broadcast news and those with high self-assessed knowledge of climate change are most likely to believe that climate change is occurring and has mainly anthropogenic causes. As in other advanced industrialised countries, political divisions over the causes of climate change run deep in Australia. Australians who identify with conservative political parties are far more likely than those aligned with other parties to reject anthropogenic climate change, with conservative men, those living in rural areas, and on the right of ideological spectrum most likely to believe climate change is happening, but has mainly ‘natural’ causes. Politically conservative Australians remain sceptical of the risks of climate change, although even the majority of conservatives believe that climate change will seriously threaten the lifestyles of the next generation.
Treating the Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease

ABSTRACTPurpose of Review: After a patient is diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD), there are many therapeutic options available. This article provides examples of prototypical patients encountered in clinical practice and illustrates the various pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options for the motor symptoms of PD.Recent Findings: Levodopa became available in the late 1960s and remains the gold standard for the treatment of PD even today. Since that time, amantadine, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, dopamine agonists, and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors have emerged as monotherapy, add-on therapies, or both, in the armamentarium against PD. The most appropriate time to start such drugs remains a clinical decision according to patient symptoms. However, earlier use of levodopa is the more common practice due to its superior benefit and the side effects of dopamine agonists. Deep brain stimulation continues to be the most effective treatment for motor symptoms in appropriate patients, and advances in technology may improve efficacy. New ways to deliver levodopa have emerged (effective extended-release oral preparations and levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel), and these medications provide additional options for certain patients. Exercise and neurorehabilitation are increasingly recognized as important tools to combat the motor symptoms of PD. Nondopaminergic drugs may help non–levodopa-responsive motor symptoms.Summary: Treatment of PD is multifaceted and requires a tailored pharmacotherapeutic and nonpharmacologic approach for a given patient. Patients should be at the center of care, and clinicians should try to provide optimum benefit through the many treatment options available.
A molecular dynamics study of components of the ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract inside human acetylcholinesterase: implications for Alzheimer disease

Components of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts have been described as potential new drug candidates against Alzheimer disease (AD), able to interact with several molecular targets related to the AD treatment. However, there are very few theoretical studies in the literature on the possible mechanisms of action by which these compounds can work as potential anti-AD drugs. For this reason, we performed here docking, molecular dynamic simulations and mmpbsa calculations on four components of ginger extracts former reported as active inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase (HssAChE), and compared our results to the known HssAChE inhibitor and commercial drug in use against AD, donepezil (DNP). Our findings points to two among the compounds studied: (E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-4-en-3-on and 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3- ethoxyphenyl) heptane-3,5-diyl diacetate, as promising new HssAChE inhibitors that could be as effective as DNP. We also mapped the binding of the studied compounds in the different binding pockets inside HssAChE and established the preferred interactions to be favored in the design of new and more efficient inhibitors.
The impact of smokefree legislation in Scotland: results from the Scottish ITC: Scotland/UK longitudinal surveys.

BACKGROUND To evaluate how Scotland's smokefree law impacted self-reported secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in hospitality venues, workplaces and in people's homes. In addition, we examine changes in support for the law, pub and restaurant patronage, smoking cessation indicators and whether any observed changes varied by socioeconomic status. METHODS A quasi-experimental longitudinal telephone survey of nationally representative samples of smokers and non-smokers interviewed before the Scottish law (February to March 2006) and 1 year later after the law (March 2007) in Scotland (n = 705 smokers and n = 417 non-smokers) and the rest of the UK (n = 1027 smokers and n = 447 non-smokers) where smoking in public places was not regulated at the time. RESULTS Dramatic declines in the observance of smoking in pubs, restaurants and workplaces were found in Scotland relative to the rest of the UK. The change in the percent of smokers reporting a smokefree home and number of cigarettes smoked inside the home in the evening was comparable in Scotland and the rest of the UK. Support for smokefree policies increased to a greater extent in Scotland than in the rest of the UK. Self-reported frequency of going to pubs and restaurants was generally comparable between Scotland and the rest of the UK; however, non-smokers in Scotland were more likely to frequent pubs more often. No differences in smoking cessation indicators were observed between countries. CONCLUSION The Scottish smokefree law has been successful in decreasing secondhand smoke exposure while causing none of the hypothesized negative outcomes.
Information security in the workplace: A mixed-methods approach to understanding and improving security behaviours

I Table of contents . III List of figures . X List of tables . XII List of abbreviations . XV Acknowledgements . XVII Declaration . XIX Published work. XXI 1 Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 | Information Security and Cyber Security . 2 1.2 | Cyber Security in the UK and the workplace. 3 1.3 | Information security policy . 3 1.4 | Security behaviours . 4 1.5 | Types of employee security behaviour . 5 1.6 | Research questions . 7 1.7 | Research objectives . 7 1.8 | Thesis approach to addressing research questions and objectives . 8 1.9 | Overview of studies . 9 1.9. 1 | Study 1 (chapter 3) . 9 1.9. 2 | Study 2 (chapter 4) . 9 1.9. 3 | Study 3 (chapter 5) . 10 1.9. 4 | Study 4 (chapter 6) . 11 1.10 | Original contributions of this thesis . 12 2 Chapter 2: Literature review . 13 2.1 | Approaches to studying and conceptualizing security behaviour . 13 2.2 | Factors influencing security behaviours. 15 2.2.1 | Theories of behaviour change used in security research . 16 2.2.2 | Theory Overview . 22
Satellite‐derived estimates of forest leaf area index in southwest Western Australia are not tightly coupled to interannual variations in rainfall: implications for groundwater decline in a drying climate

There is increasing concern that widespread forest decline could occur in regions of the world where droughts are predicted to increase in frequency and severity as a result of climate change. The average annual leaf area index (LAI) is an indicator of canopy cover and the difference between the annual maximum and minimum LAI is an indicator of annual leaf turnover. In this study, we analyzed satellite‐derived estimates of monthly LAI across forested coastal catchments of southwest Western Australia over a 12 year period (2000–2011) that included the driest year on record for the last 60 years. We observed that over the 12 year study period, the spatial pattern of average annual satellite‐derived LAI values was linearly related to mean annual rainfall. However, interannual changes to LAI in response to changes in annual rainfall were far less than expected from the long‐term LAI‐rainfall trend. This buffered response was investigated using a physiological growth model and attributed to availability of deep soil moisture and/or groundwater storage. The maintenance of high LAIs may be linked to a long‐term decline in areal average underground water storage and diminished summer flows, with an emerging trend toward more ephemeral flow regimes.
A Longitudinal Study of the Development of Temporal Properties of Speech Production: Data from 4 Children

Abstract A general conclusion that has emerged from the collective results of a number of studies regarding acoustic characteristics of children’s speech production development is that both the duration and temporal variability of segments, words, and phrases tend to decrease as one considers increasingly older groups of children. While this conclusion is largely appropriate when considering averages for groups of children studied across intervals of several years, the limited amount of longitudinal data that exists suggests that similar patterns may not routinely be observed in the development of individual children, especially when shorter time periods are involved. Cross-sectional, acoustic studies have provided important general descriptions of speech production development, but additional longitudinal investigations are also needed to address issues that cannot be effectively evaluated utilizing cross-sectional data. For example, it was hypothesized in the present study that decreases in duration and variability would be greater when children were younger and that progressively smaller decreases would occur as they became older. Despite general tendencies for decreases in duration and variability to occur with increased age, it was also hypothesized that not all segments and words would be affected to the same extent in this regard. To consider these and related questions, the speech of 4 children was recorded approximately every 7–10 months for periods ranging from 4 to 6 years. There was some support for the notion that duration/variability decreases were greater when children were younger, but often this was not observed. It was also found that whereas some sounds/words decreased in duration across time, others remained relatively constant. Also, within the same word, certain segments became shorter across time, while others remained unchanged. These observations provide a perspective concerning speech production development that represents an important supplement to more general conclusions that have been obtained from group-oriented studies.
Efficacy of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy athletic adults

Introduction: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) has been traditionally used for various actions ranging from vitalizer, improve endurance and stamina, promote longevity, improve immunity, and male and female fertility. However, clinical studies are needed to prove the clinical efficacy of this herb, especially in cardiovascular endurance and physical performance. Aims: This prospective, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of Ashwagandha roots extract in enhancing cardiorespiratory endurance and improving the quality of life (QOL) in 50 healthy male/female athletic adults. Materials and Methods: Cardiorespiratory endurance was assessed by measuring the oxygen consumption at peak physical exertion (VO2max) levels during a 20 m shuttle run test. The World Health Organization self-reported QOL questionnaire (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental factors) was used to assess the QOL. Student's t-test was used to compare the differences in a mean and change from baseline VO2max levels, whereas Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess changes in QOL scores from baseline in the two groups. Results: There was a greater increase from baseline (P < 0.0001) in the mean VO2max with KSM-66 Ashwagandha (n = 24) compared to placebo (n = 25) at 8 weeks (4.91 and 1.42, respectively) and at 12 weeks (5.67 and 1.86 respectively). The QOL scores for all subdomains significantly improved to a greater extent in the Ashwagandha group at 12 weeks compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that Ashwagandha root extract enhances the cardiorespiratory endurance and improves QOL in healthy athletic adults.
Sustainability of positive relationship between environmental performance and profitability of SMEs: A case study in the UK

Purpose This paper aims to conduct an in-depth study of any changes that small medium enterprises (SMEs) environmental performance face, in the retailing and manufacturing sector, as well as to identify their main drivers. Furthermore, it seeks to investigate SMEs’ perspectives regarding the environmental management systems and more specifically International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 14001 on the one side, whether it is a positive relationship between the implementation of “ISO 14001” by SMEs and their profitability of business on the other. Design/methodology/approach This study is a qualitative research, which combines secondary data enriched with daily articles and primary data using in-depth interviews with experts from the SME sectors, which attempts to build a sufficient “theory” by answering the research questions. Findings The business world has started to get widely involved with the environmental issues and even if this, in some cases, happened only for marketing purposes, it is difficult now to be changed. The SMEs have started to realise their responsibilities and act accordingly, but there is a long way to cover until their actions will be actually beneficial for the environment. However, the improvement or stability of SMEs’ environmental performance, meaning the implementation of more environmental activities, depends on the impact that those changes will have in every SME, due to the unique idiosyncrasy that each of it consists. Originality/value This paper reveals proper method for documenting monetary rewards to entrepreneurship through maintaining environmental issues accurately using information about profitability of SME’s. After maintaining environmental factors, the premia illustrates about the entrepreneurs concentrating not only profitability but also environmental concern.
Issues and Design Solutions Associated with Performing MRI Scans on Patients with Active Implantable Medical Devices

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become one of medicine's most important diagnostic tools. However, due to patient safety concerns, MRI is contraindicated by both device and MRI equipment manufacturers for patients with active implanted medical devices (AIMDs). The primary concern is overheating of implanted leadwires due to currents induced from the powerful RF fields of the MRI scanner. In pacemaker patients, heating of myocardial tissue has caused increase in pacemaker capture threshold and in some cases complete loss of capture (inability to pace). Permanent damage to an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and at least one patient death and another with severe burns along the wires of deep brain electrodes have also been reported.1'2,3 The authors, with pacemaker leadwires placed in a ";worse case"; MRI scan condition, have measured distal tip leadwire temperatures of up to 57 degrees C (more than sufficient to cause tissue damage). Another risk is localized myocardial ablation which could result in changes in the action potential vector during atrial/ventricular contraction.1, ,3,4,5 However, in contrast to reports of problems, there have been several recent anecdotal reports of MRI scans being safely performed on non-pacemaker dependant patients under highly controlled conditions. '7'8'9'10'11 Proper diagnosis, treatment and management of a number of life threatening diseases such as cancer, neurological and brain disorders are made possible by MRI. Accordingly, the physician, with informed patient consent, must sometimes ignore the legal contraindications, weigh the risk factors, and go ahead and perform an MRI on an AIMD patient. This paper quantifies the attendant risks of performing MRI on AIMD patients and discusses means of mitigating certain hazards such as leadwire overheating including the performance a new leadwire distal tip resonant bandstop filter chip12 (MRI Chip) which presents a high impedance at the MRI pulsed RF frequency.
Globalization of Consumer Confidence

The globalization of world economies and the importance of nowcasting analysis have been at the core of the recent literature. Nevertheless, these two strands of research are hardly coupled. This study aims to fill this gap through examining the globalization of the consumer confidence index (CCI) by applying conventional and unconventional econometric methods. The US CCI is used as the benchmark in tests of comovement among the CCIs of several developing and developed countries, with the data sets divided into three sub-periods: global liquidity abundance, the Great Recession, and postcrisis. The existence and/or degree of globalization of the CCIs vary according to the period, whereas globalization in the form of coherence and similar paths is observed only during the Great Recession and, surprisingly, stronger in developing/emerging countries.
Cluster analysis of insomniacs' MMPI profiles: relation of subtypes to sleep history and treatment outcome.

&NA; The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of 100 insomniacs who presented for treatment at a university medical center were analyzed by a hierarchical clustering procedure. This analysis revealed two major personality types that accounted for 88% of the sample. The two types referred to as “Type 1” and “Type 2” insomniacs differed significantly in regard to sleep history questionnaire responses and responsivity to treatment. MMPI scales and sleep history questionnaire items suggested that Type 1 insomniacs were less defended, more aroused/activated, and had sleep histories characterized by more childhood sleep problems and greater difficulties with sleep‐disruptive cognitions than did Type 2 patients. Further, Type 1 patients had a poorer response to behavioral treatment as measured by change in sleep‐onset latency than did Type 2 patients. These results suggest that the MMPI may be useful in identifying distinctive personality subgroups among insomniacs. Treatment implications are discussed, and mechanisms underlying the group differences are considered.
Use of the Recursive Least Squares Filter for Self Interference Channel Estimation

This paper presents the use of recursive least squares for online estimation of the self interference channel for an In Band Full Duplex communications link without the use of half duplex pilot signals. By using a long effective filter length it is possible to overcome the extra interference of the receieved signal, and it proves to be an effective way to estimate the channel in all scenarios, but it provides the greatest efficiency gain over current methods with a short channel coherence time. Recursive least squares estimation provides a way to take advantage of the constant knowledge of the transmitted signal to track the channel while consuming relatively few computational resources. Introducing online RLS estimation for In-Band Full Duplex communication provides a way to take advantage of the self interference cancellation gains from digital cancellation without introducing additional protocol overhead to the transmissions.