Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal motifs reveal homophily, gender-specific patterns, and group talk in call sequences

Significance Social ties are more common between individuals with similar traits, a feature known as homophily. Ties are also known to be stronger between individuals with multiple common acquaintances. Both of these two properties constrain the flow of information and ideas in social networks. We study time-dependent communication patterns in a large mobile phone communication dataset and show that both of these two properties are in fact stronger than can be observed in any static snapshot of a communication network. The methods developed to obtain these results can be used more generally to study various time-dependent networks. Recent studies on electronic communication records have shown that human communication has complex temporal structure. We study how communication patterns that involve multiple individuals are affected by attributes such as sex and age. To this end, we represent the communication records as a colored temporal network where node color is used to represent individuals’ attributes, and identify patterns known as temporal motifs. We then construct a null model for the occurrence of temporal motifs that takes into account the interaction frequencies and connectivity between nodes of different colors. This null model allows us to detect significant patterns in call sequences that cannot be observed in a static network that uses interaction frequencies as link weights. We find sex-related differences in communication patterns in a large dataset of mobile phone records and show the existence of temporal homophily, the tendency of similar individuals to participate in communication patterns beyond what would be expected on the basis of their average interaction frequencies. We also show that temporal patterns differ between dense and sparse neighborhoods in the network. Because also this result is independent of interaction frequencies, it can be seen as an extension of Granovetter’s hypothesis to temporal networks.
When Do Analysts Impede Innovation?*

We re-examine the impact of analyst coverage on firm innovation and find that the negative relation between analyst coverage and innovation is driven by firms that are poor-quality innovators. In contrast, analysts do not hinder innovation in firms that are efficient innovators. These findings are robust when considering two different identification strategies that control for endogeneity. Our results hold for both innovation output (patents) and innovation input (R&D). Overall, our main findings indicate that analysts curtail wasteful innovation and play a beneficial role in resource allocation in the economy.
Resource sharing for efficiency in traffic systems

Experience has shown that efficiency usually increases when separate traffic systems are combined into a single system. For example, if Group A contains 10 trunks and Group B 8 trunks, there should be fewer blocked calls if A and B are combined into a single group of 18 trunks. It is intuitively clear that the separate systems are less efficient because a call can be blocked in one when trunks are idle in the other. Teletraffic engineers and queuing theorists widely accept such efficiency principles and often assume that their mathematical proofs are either trivial or already in the literature. This is not the case for two fundamental problems that concern combining blocking systems (as in the example above) and combining delay systems. For the simplest models, each problem reduces to the proof of an inequality involving the corresponding classical Erlang function. Here the two inequalities are proved in two different ways by exploiting general stochastic comparison concepts: first, by monotone likelihood-ratio methods and, second, by sample-path or “coupling” methods. These methods not only yield the desired inequalities and stronger comparisons for the simplest models, but also apply to general arrival processes and general service-time distributions. However, it is assumed that the service-time distributions are the same in the systems being combined. This common-distribution condition is crucial since it may be disadvantageous to combine systems with different service-time distributions. For instance, the adverse effect of infrequent long calls in one system on frequent short calls in the other system can outweigh the benefits of making the two groups of servers mutually accessible.
Role of CCAAT Enhancer-binding Protein β in the Thyroid Hormone and cAMP Induction of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Transcription*

Transcription of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is stimulated by thyroid hormone (T3) and cAMP. Two DNA elements in the PEPCK promoter are required for T3 responsiveness including a thyroid hormone response element and a binding site called P3(I) for the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP). Both the α and β isoforms of C/EBP are highly expressed in the liver. C/EBPα contributes to the liver-specific expression and cAMP responsiveness of the PEPCK gene. In this study, we examined the ability of C/EBPβ when bound to the P3(I) site to regulate PEPCK gene expression. We report that C/EBPβ can stimulate basal expression and participate in the induction of PEPCK gene transcription by T3 and cAMP. The cAMP-responsive element-binding protein and AP1 proteins that contribute to the induction by cAMP are not involved in the stimulation by T3. A small region of the transactivation domain of C/EBPβ is sufficient for the stimulation of basal expression and cAMP responsiveness. Our results suggest that C/EBPα and C/EBPβ are functionally interchangeable when bound to the P3(I) site of the PEPCK promoter.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Brain Edema and Neurological Outcomes in Surgical Brain Injury in Rats

BACKGROUND: Surgical brain injury (SBI) is damage to functional brain tissue resulting from neurosurgical manipulations such as sharp dissection, electrocautery, retraction, and direct applied pressure. Brain edema is the major contributor to morbidity with inflammation, necrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis likely playing smaller roles. Effective therapies for SBI may improve neurological outcomes and postoperative morbidities associated with brain surgery. Previous studies show an adrenergic correlation to blood-brain barrier control. The &agr;-2 receptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been shown to improve neurological outcomes in stroke models. We hypothesized that DEX may reduce brain edema and improve neurological outcomes in a rat model of SBI. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 63) weighing 280 to 350 g were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 IP treatment groups: sham IP, vehicle IP, DEX 10 mg/kg, and DEX 30 mg/kg. Treatments were given 30 min before SBI. These treatment groups were repeated to observe the physiologic impact of DEX on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and blood glucose on SBI naïve animals. Rats were also assigned to 4 postinjury IV treatment groups: sham IV, vehicle IV, DEX 10/5, and DEX 30/15 (DEX group doses were 10 and 30 mg/kg/hr, with 5 and 15 mg/kg initial loading doses, respectively). Initial loading doses began 20 min after SBI, followed by 2 h of infusion. SBI animals were subjected to neurological testing 24 h after brain injury by a blinded observer, promptly killed, and brain water content measured via the dry/wet weight method. RESULTS: All treatment groups showed a significant difference in ipsilateral frontal brain water content and neurological scores when compared with sham animals. However, there was no difference between DEX-treated and vehicle animals. Physiologic monitoring showed treatment with low or high doses of DEX significantly decreased MAP and HR, and briefly increased blood glucose compared with naïve or vehicle-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: DEX administration did not reduce brain edema or improve neurological function after SBI in this study. The statistical difference in brain water content and neurological scores when comparing sham treatment to vehicle and DEX treatments shows consistent reproduction of this model. Significant changes in MAP, HR, and blood glucose after DEX as compared to vehicle and sham treatments suggest appropriate delivery of drug.
Plasma Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein Profile in Alcoholic Patients with and without Liver Disease: On the Relative Roles of Alcohol and Liver Injury

In the present study, we report on alterations in plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein patterns in three separate populations of alcoholic patients, one without liver damage (Group I), a second presenting steatosis or mild alcoholic hepatitis or both (Group II) and a third with alcoholic cirrhosis (Group III), using a healthy, normolipidemic, nonalcoholic group as controls (Group C). Total plasma cholesterol levels were elevated in Groups II and III when compared with Groups I and C, while the ratio of esterified to free cholesterol was considerably lower in Group III than in the other groups. Plasma apo‐AI levels were higher in Groups I and II than in Group C, but varied over a wide range in Group III. Apo‐AII was present at higher concentrations in Groups I and II than in both Groups III and C. In contrast, no significant differences were detected in total apo‐B levels, irrespective of the group. Modifications in the chemical composition of plasma lipoproteins primarily concerned a reduction in the cholesteryl ester content of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in Group III, this being compensated by a reciprocal increase in triglyceride. In addition, Group III lipoproteins, with the exception of HDL3 (density 1.100 to 1.140 gm per ml), exhibited a greater content of phospholipids than those of corresponding density from patients in Groups I and II. No significant differences were found in very low‐density lipoprotein concentrations, while LDL levels increased in parallel with the severity of liver injury. In Groups I and II, HDL2 concentrations were elevated relative to Group C, while HDL3 decreased in parallel with the degree of impairment of liver function and thus from Group C to Group III. Such opposing tendencies led to an HDL2:HDL3 ratio which was more than 5‐fold higher than normal in Group III.
Number and impact of published scholarly works by pharmacy practice faculty members at accredited US colleges and schools of pharmacy (2001-2003).

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quantity and quality of published literature conducted by pharmacy practice faculty members in US colleges and schools of pharmacy for the years 2001-2003. METHODS The Web of Science bibliographic database was used to identify publication citations for the years 2001-2003, which were then evaluated in a number of different ways. Faculty members were identified using American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy rosters for the 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003 academic years. RESULTS Two thousand three hundred seventy-four pharmacy practice faculty members generated 1,896 publications in Web of Science searchable journals. A small number of faculty members (2.1%) were responsible for a large proportion of publications (30.6%), and only 4.9% of faculty members published 2 or more publications in these journals per year. The average impact factor for the top 200 publications was 7.6. CONCLUSION Pharmacy practice faculty members contributed substantially to the biomedical literature and their work has had an important impact. A substantial portion of this work has come from a small subset of faculty members.
Quantitative phenotypic and network analysis of 1q44 microdeletion for microcephaly

As genome wide techniques become more common, an increasing proportion of patients with intellectual disability (ID) are found to have genetic defects allowing genotype–phenotype correlations. Previously, AKT3 deletion was suggested to be responsible for microcephaly in patients with 1q43‐q44 deletion syndrome, but this does not correspond to all cases. We report a case of a de novo 1q44 deletion in an 8‐year‐old boy with microcephaly in whom AKT3 is not deleted. We used a systematic review of the literature, our patient, and network analysis to gain a better understanding of the genetic basis of microcephaly in 1q deletion patients. Our analysis showed that while AKT3 deletion is associated with more severe (≤3 SD) microcephaly in 1q43‐q44 deletion patients, other genes may contribute to microcephaly in AKT3 intact patients with microcephaly and 1q43‐44 deletion syndrome. We identified a potential role for HNRNPU, SMYD3, NLRP3, and KIF26B in microcephaly. Overall, our study highlights the need for network analysis and quantitative measures reporting in the phenotypic analysis of a complex genetic syndrome related to copy number variation.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Charge-Trap Memory Programming—Part I: Average Behavior

This paper presents a detailed investigation of charge-trap memory programming by means of 3-D TCAD simulations accounting both for the discrete and localized nature of traps and for the statistical process ruling granular electron injection from the substrate into the storage layer. In addition, for a correct evaluation of the threshold-voltage dynamics, cell electrostatics and drain current are calculated in presence of atomistic doping, largely contributing to percolative substrate conduction. Results show that the low average programming efficiency commonly encountered in nanoscaled charge-trap memory devices mainly results from the low impact of locally stored electrons on cell threshold voltage in presence of fringing fields at the cell edges. Programming variability arising from the discreteness of charge and matter will be addressed in Part II of this paper.
Post-Dotcom IPOs In Germany: After Crisis Developments In Underpricing

After the dotcom-breakdown in 2000, German IPOs came to a sudden standstill and recovery took several years. Empirical evidence on German IPO activities so far focused mostly on the preceding new economy bubble. In contrast, this contribution aims at investigating the post-dotcom IPO market in Germany, using a sample of 182 IPOs between March 2002 and April 2011. The influences of private equity investors, underwriters and the market segment on the flotation are analyzed. Subsequently, driving factors of underpricing are identified. Our results indicate that especially offering characteristics affect underpricing. Furthermore, the companys age and the industry have a significant impact. Private equity investors, major underwriters and the market segment lost their empirically observable influence on underpricing. For the post-dotcom market environment, the results show a shift towards other hot-issue industries, a cooling down of investor sentiments and no significant reduction in ex-post uncertainty concerning new market segments.
Early mortality of alcoholic hepatitis: a review of data from placebo-controlled clinical trials.

AIM To investigate the early mortality of placebo-treated alcoholic hepatitis patients. METHODS Mortality data about alcoholic hepatitis patients who participated in randomized placebo-controlled trials were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, extracted and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 661 placebo-treated patients in 19 trials were included. The overall mortality rate was 34.19% with a median observation time of 160 d (range 21-720 d). Hepatic failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection were the three main causes of death, accounting for 55.47%, 21.17% and 7.30% of all deaths, respectively. One-month mortality data about 324 placebo-treated alcoholic hepatitis patients in 10 trials were reported with a pooled mortality rate of 20.37%. The one-month mortality rate of patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis tended to be higher than that of general patients (22.69% vs 10.93%, P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between the patients from North America or Europe (22.43% vs 18.45%, P > 0.05), neither any difference was found between the studies published before and after 1990 (18.18% vs 21.88%, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe liver disease with a high mortality rate, and hepatic failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection are the three main causes of death.
CONSUMERS’ RESISTANCE TO USING MOBILE BANKING: EVIDENCE FROM THAILAND AND TAIWAN

Given that mobile banking is possibly the first commercial mobile service and a prominent example of slow-diffusing innovation, there is a need to investigate what affects people to use mobile banking from the perspective of resistant innovation. Particularly, compared with existing research predominantly adopting the perspective of innovation to investigate what affects people to adopt mobile banking, this study attempts to rectify the deficiency by conducting empirical surveys on two countries based on the theory of consumer innovation resistance. Through analyzing 1,203 Thai and 658 Taiwanese respondents, this study identified that both psychological and functional barriers significantly influenced peopleâ€™s resistance to using mobile banking. By breaking the psychological and functional barriers into five barriers, the generated results show that all barriers except for the traditional barrier significantly influenced the respondentsâ€™ resistance to using mobile banking. The empirical results also demonstrated that the influence of each of the five barriers is unequal and differs between Thai and Taiwanese respondents. Implication culled from the study are derived to offer valuable clues for academics and practices. To cite this document: Chian-Son Yu, and Wachara Chantatub, "Consumersâ€™ resistance to using mobile banking: evidence from Thailand and Taiwan", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.7, No.1, pp.21-38, 2016. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.7903/ijecs.1375
Case-control study of whether subfertility in men is familial

Abstract Objective : To test the hypothesis that subfertility in men is familial and to examine the distribution of subfertility within families for consistency with a genetic cause. Design : Case-control study and segregation analysis. Setting : Two teaching hospitals in Leeds. Subjects : Cases (probands) were men with an abnormal sperm count who attended a subfertility clinic and whose partners had no major factor contravening fertility. Controls were fathers of two or more children recruited through vasectomy clinics or a maternity department. Main outcome measures : The incidence of involuntary20childlessness among brothers with partners and among sisters and second and third degree male relatives. When possible clinical and laboratory details were obtained from involuntarily childless brothers. Results : Seventeen of the 148 (11.5%) brothers of probands but none of the 169 brothers of controls had sought medical advice for childlessness (P<0.0005). Four probands had more than one involuntarily childless brother. There were six further brothers whose childlessness was thought to be involuntary bringing the total prevalence of subfertility among brothers of probands to 16%. Segregation analysis was consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance accounting for 60% of subfertility in men. Seventeen of the 346 (4.9%) uncles of probands and 10 of 420 (2.8%) uncles of controls were reported to be involuntarily childless (P=0.09), but there was no difference in childlessness among sisters. In three families sperm counts from “affected” brothers confirmed the diagnosis and showed considerable similarities within but not between families. Conclusion : Subfertility in men has a familial component, and the observations are consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in over half the cases. Several different genes are probably involved.
The Relationships Among E-Service Quality, Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty in Online Shopping

Since the online market has been growing rapidly over the past several years, e-commerce marketing activities have drawn a lot of attention. The main purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive research model of explaining the user’s online shopping behavior. Empirical analyses are performed using structural equations modeling analysis and results indicated that e-service quality would not affect the on-line shopping customer loyalty directly but indirectly through the mediation of perceived value and customer satisfaction. And perceived value would not only affect the customer loyalty directly but also indirectly through the mediation of customer satisfaction.
A Survey on Recommendation Methods Beyond Accuracy

SUMMARY In recommending to another individual an item that one loves, accuracy is important, however in most cases, focusing only on accuracy generates less satisfactory recommendations. Studies have repeatedly pointed out that aspects that go beyond accuracy—such as the diversity and novelty of the recommended items—are as important as accuracy in making a satisfactory recommendation. Despite their importance, there is no global consensus about deﬁnitions and evaluations regarding beyond-accuracy aspects, as such aspects closely relate to the subjective sensibility of user satisfaction. In addition, devising algorithms for this purpose is di ﬃ cult, because algorithms concurrently pursue the aspects in trade-o ﬀ relation (i.e., accuracy vs. novelty). In the aforementioned situation, for researchers initiating a study in this domain, it is important to obtain a systematically integrated view of the domain. This paper reports the results of a survey of about 70 studies published over the last 15 years, each of which addresses recommendations that consider beyond-accuracy aspects. From this survey, we identify diversity, novelty, and coverage as important aspects in achieving serendipity and popularity unbiasedness—factors that are important to user satisfaction and business proﬁts, respectively. The ﬁve major groups of algorithms that tackle the beyond-accuracy aspects are multi-objective, modiﬁed collaborative ﬁltering (CF), clustering, graph, and hybrid; we then classify and describe algorithms as per this typology. The o ﬀ -line evaluation metrics and user studies carried out by the studies are also described. Based on the survey results, we assert that there is a lot of room for research in the domain. Especially, personalization and generalization are considered important issues that should be addressed in future research (e.g., automatic per-user-trade-o ﬀ among the aspects, and properly establishing beyond-accuracy aspects for various types of applications or algorithms).
Mindfulness, Stress, and Coping Among University Students

A sample of 135 first-year university students living in residence completed questionnaires that measure individual differences in mindfulness, coping styles, and perceived stress. Findings revealed significant positive relationships between mindfulness and rational coping, and significant negative relationships with emotional and avoidant coping and perceived stress. Regression analyses revealed that avoidant coping and perceived stress predicted 38.2% of the variance of mindfulness scores. Findings from this study improve our understanding of how mindfulness relates to coping styles, thereby suggesting potential ways to enhance counselling service and programming for first-year university students during the often difficult transition to university.
Myocardial enlargement in defective heart development

Background: The cardiac neural crest (neural crest extending from the mid‐otic placode to the caudal region of somite 3) provides ectomesenchymal cells that contribute to aortic arch development and are essential for aortico‐pulmonary septation of the outflow tract. Bilateral ablation of the cardiac neural crest in the chick embryo, prior to migration, leads to aortic arch anomalies and failure of septation of the cardiac outflow tract, which produces a severe defect known as persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA). Altered hemodynamics resulting from abnormal aortic arch artery development and PTA and other unknown factors related to the absence of neural crest, are likely to alter the developmental history of the myocardium.