Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Lymph node metastases in the neck of unknown primary tumor].

BACKGROUND Cervical lymph nodes represent the most frequent manifestation of lymph node metastases of unknown primary. Nearly 3% of all malignant ENT-tumors are cervical lymph nodes metastases of unknown primary. This disease is a challenge for clinical working physician in diagnosis and therapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD In a retrospective study we investigated 99 patients with the diagnosis cervical lymph node metastases of unknown primary, which were treated and observed in our department between 1975 and 1995. Within this group we observed the course of 83 patients completely. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The tumor-dependent 5 year-survival-rate was 11%. This is very low, but similar to the literature. 40% of patients, that were operated on neck dissection with or without postoperative irradiation survived tumor-dependent 5 years. In 42 cases we could find a primary tumor. 14 of these primaries were located in the upper aero-digestive-tract, 28 in other regions of the body. The identification of the primary did not improve the prognosis of the patients. A good prognosis was associated with further occult primary, location of the lymph nodes in the upper or middle level of the neck or parotid region and a histology of squamous cell or undifferentiated carcinoma. Signs of poor prognosis were metastasis in the supraclavicular region, of adenocarcinoma and inoperability of the lymph node. The combination therapy of neck dissection and irradiation proved to be best. The extended field radiation of the complete upper aero-digestive-tract did not cause a improvement of tumor-dependent 5-year-survival. We discovered a primary in 5 of 27 patients in this group within the irradiated area. In conclusion extended field radiation must be discussed critically for patients with lymph node metastasis of unknown primary.
Semidiurnal internal tide energy fluxes and their variability in a Global Ocean Model and moored observations

We examine the temporal means and variability of the semidiurnal internal tide energy fluxes in 1/25° global simulations of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and in a global archive of 79 historical moorings. Low-frequency flows, a major cause of internal tide variability, have comparable kinetic energies at the mooring sites in model and observations. The computed root-mean-square (RMS) variability of the energy flux is large in both model and observations and correlates positively with the time-averaged flux magnitude. Outside of strong generation regions, the normalized RMS variability (the RMS variability divided by the mean) is nearly independent of the flux magnitudes in the model, and of order 23% or more in both the model and observations. The spatially averaged flux magnitudes in observations and the simulation agree to within a factor of about 1.4 and 2.4 for vertical mode-1 and mode-2, respectively. The difference in energy flux computed from the full-depth model output versus model output subsampled at mooring instrument depths is small. The global historical archive is supplemented with six high-vertical resolution moorings from the Internal Waves Across the Pacific (IWAP) experiment. The model fluxes agree more closely with the high-resolution IWAP fluxes than with the historical mooring fluxes. The high variability in internal tide energy fluxes implies that internal tide fluxes computed from short observational records should be regarded as realizations of a highly variable field, not as “means” that are indicative of conditions at the measurement sites over all time.
The examination of factors influencing residents' perceptions and attitudes toward film induced tourism

The research is built on the model of Perdue et al. (1990) for studying residents’ support for tourism development. The purpose of the study is to understand the influence of residents’ tourism benefit sought, and socio-demographics on their perception, attitude, and development management to film induced tourism. The area of study is focused on Hengchun Town, which has been famous due to the movie “Cape No. 7”. The survey was conducted in 5 villages of Hengchun Town to a population of 18 years old or above. The study collects 561 responses and is analyzed with SPSS 12.0. The result indicates that residents’ tourism benefit sought, can be used to predict their impact perception and attitude, but not their view on the necessity for the growth management. Furthermore, young respondents are more likely to have positive perception on the local development of film induced tourism.
Query Transformation for PSJ-Queries

Consider a database containing not only base relations but also derived relations (also called materialized or concrete views). Relation fragments in a distributed database, view indexes, and intermediate results obtained during query procsssing are all examples of derived relations. The query transformation problem is then the following: Given a query (or a subquery), can it be computed from the available set of derived relations, and, if so, how? We have solved the query transformation problem for the case when both the query and the derived relations are defined by P&I-expressions, that is, relational algebra expressions containing only projects, selects and joins. This paper gives an overview of the underlying theory, shows how to reduce the number of attribute mappings to be considered, and presents a prototype system for query transformation.
Pleasant Surprises: Consumer Response to Unexpected In-Store Coupons

This article studies the impact of in-store “surprise” coupons (e.g., electronic shelf coupons, peel-off coupons) on consumers' total basket of purchases. A conceptual model is developed that (1) predicts that the use of a surprise coupon will increase the size of the shopping basket and the number of unplanned purchases made on the shopping trip and (2) predicts the type of these unplanned purchases. The authors present the results of an in-store experiment and analysis of the Stanford Market Basket Data to test these predictions.
The microtubule‐associated protein astrin transgenesis rescues spermatogenesis and renal function in hypogonadic (hgn/hgn) rats

Male hypogonadic (hgn/hgn) rats show male sterility, reduced female fertility, progressive renal insufficiency and body growth retardation. These defects are associated with loss‐of‐function mutation of astrin and appear to be related to organ hypoplasia resulting from abnormal cell proliferation and increased cell death during embryonic and early postnatal development. As targeted disruption of mouse spag5 (astrin ortholog) has been reported to show no phenotype, we performed rescue experiments based on the introduction of rat astrin cDNA transgene into hgn/hgn rats to determine whether astrin is actually necessary for the establishment of normal male fertility and renal function. Astrin transgenic (Tg) rats were mated with hgn/+ rats of the HGN strain, and Tg‐hgn/+ rats were then crossed to obtain Tg‐hgn/hgn. Tg‐hgn/hgn males showed recovery of body growth, fertility and renal function. Testis size was smaller in these transgenic animals than normal controls, but showed an increase by 16.5‐fold compared with hgn/hgn males. Spermatogenesis occurred in Tg‐hgn/hgn testes, and their accessory reproductive organs were of approximately normal size. hgn/hgn males show hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Increased testosterone and decreased LH levels in Tg‐hgn/hgn serum indicated the recovery of Leydig cells' function. Tg‐hgn/hgn males showed normal reproductive behaviour, and their mating with Tg‐hgn/hgn females produced pups in normal litter size. Their renal sizes and glomerular numbers showed complete recovery, and renal function assayed by biochemical parameters was normal. These results indicated that the transgene is functional in the testis and kidney development as well as body growth. In conclusion, astrin is necessary for the establishment of normal size (cell number) and function of the testis and kidney in rats.
Membrane-permeable radical scavengers (tempol) for shock, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and inflammation

T empol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) is a water-soluble analogue of the spin label TEMPO, which is widely employed in electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Tempol is a stable piperidine nitroxide of low molecular weight (molecular weight, 172) that permeates biological membranes (Fig. 1). This article reviews the effects of tempol in animal models of shock, ischemiareperfusion injury, and inflammation. It should be noted that the effects of tempol in animal models of hypertension, diabetes, and vascular (endothelial cell) dysfunction are not subject of this review. In a separate section, the interactions of tempol with superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite are discussed. Finally, this article highlights the potential therapeutic uses and side effects of tempol.
Schools’ readiness and capacity to improve matter

The literature reveals that up to half of all evidence-based programmes introduced in schools will fail to reach their expected outcomes due to poor implementation. Addressing the reasons why school change works in some schools and not in others is therefore important. It is argued in this article that if a school’s readiness and capacity for improvement is identified, it may predict the outcome of a future change initiative when adequate support is provided. Drawing on the Burke-Litwin model of organisational change, supported by theory and previous research from school improvement and prevention practice, we aim to present an overview of factors to take into consideration before new change initiatives are implemented in school settings. These factors exist on the external, school or individual level and have either a transformational or transactional nature. Yet factors at all of these levels may influence a school’s capacity and readiness to improve.
Electrowetting Displays Utilizing Bistable, Multi-Color Pixels Via Laser Processing

Electronic paper, or e-Paper, for use in displays has seen rapid growth in the past decade because of its potential as an alternative to traditional transmissive displays. Offering several critical advantages over current display technologies, including high contrast in direct sunlight, wide viewing angles, and compatibility with flexible substrate processing, electrowetting displays (EWDs) have made it to the forefront of e-Paper research and development efforts. Here, we describe a new design for the fabrication of multi-color, bistable electrowetting displays. Using a laser-based process to pattern an in-plane electrode design, liquid can be manipulated out-of-plane. This process relies on electromechanical pressure forcing water in and out of channels, causing colored oil to be displaced. When voltage is removed, the oil remains in its current position, resulting in bistability. We have demonstrated multi-color, bistable pixels that maintain their state at V = 0 for several days, which drastically reduces the power required to drive the display.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in relation to age at onset of the diabetes, treatment, duration and glycemic control.

To study the frequency of diabetic retinopathy in relation to age at diagnosis, treatment, duration of diabetes and glycemic control as measured by means of HbA1c levels, we performed a cross-sectional, registered-based study in the Helsingborg area of southern Sweden, comprising 2232 diabetic patients. Of the known diabetic population < 75 years old, approximately 70% were estimated to be included. We graded retinopathy according to the alternative classification of the Wisconsin study. With an age at diagnosis < 30 years (19% of patients) the prevalence of retinopathy was 64%, whereas with an age at diagnosis > or = 30 years the prevalence of retinopathy was 57% in insulin-treated, and 26% in non-insulin treated patients. Levels of glycated hemoglobin and duration of diabetes were associated with retinopathy in the group with younger onset. In the older-onset group, there was a relationship between retinopathy and duration of diabetes and insulin treatment; glycated hemoglobin had a relationship which was of borderline significance with any retinopathy, but clearly significant with the pooled group: severe non-proliferative, proliferative retinopathy and/or macular edema. Hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes were thus associated with retinopathy in both younger- and older-onset diabetes, but hyperglycemia less so in the older-onset group.
Hook-Up Sexual Experiences and Problem Behaviors Among Adolescents

This study focuses on the sexual phenomenon of “hooking up. ” A hook-up is defined as a single sexual encounter that may or may not include sexual intercourse with someone who is a stranger, brief acquaintance, or friend. The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of hook-ups in a sample of 1,011 urban middle and high school students and to examine the relationship between hooking up and a variety of problem behaviors, including, alcohol, cigarette, and/or illicit drug use, truancy, and school suspensions. The results revealed that 28% of the sample had engaged in at least one hook-up experience, and this percentage increased with age. Hook-ups were correlated moderately with all problem behaviors examined.
A typology analysis of service quality, customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in mass services

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the possibility that the typology of a service as well as the operationalization of the service measurement scale may determine the nature of the service quality (SQ) construct and its relationship with those of customer satisfaction (SAT) and behavioral intentions (BI). Design/methodology/approach – The study utilized the service classification scheme developed by Schmenner and concentrated on the mass service category as an example to illustrate the concept with data from retail banking.Findings – Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that “Responsiveness,” “Tangibility,” “Reliability,” “Knowledge,” and “Accessibility” dimensions contribute significantly to service quality. It was further observed that SAT fully mediates the impact of SQ on BI.Research limitations/implications – A notable limitation is that the present study focuses only on mass service and uses only one industry (retail banking) to illustrate the findings. Future research should examine other se.
Modelling the impact of 3D product presentation on online behaviour

This research aims to investigate the impact of an authentic diagnostic three-dimensional (3D) product presentation on trust, attitude and enjoyment, which in return impact purchase intention. This research believes that none of the previous studies linked an authentic diagnostic 3D product presentation type with the online trust concept. Particularly, this article implements the 3D technology in the jewellery industries. In order to test the proposed model, this research designed a hypothetical retailer website which presents a variety of diamond rings. The way this research designed the hypothetical website allows users to see the presented product from different angles, rotate the product and custom design the colours of the rings. Further, the designed web site allows participants to control the content and form of the 3D flashes. Results reveal that using a well-designed authentic diagnostic 3D enhances users' enjoyment, attitudes and trust, which have a positive impact on purchase intention.
Financial Practices and Problems amongst Elderly in Malaysia

Being old is often associated with poverty, as a result of limited access to financial resources due to retirement or deterioration in health. The high incidence of poverty among the elderly is a global concern. How much the elderly have is important but how they use what they have is equally important. This paper focuses on financial practice and problems of the elderly in Malaysia. Data used in the analysis were collected in 2004 from among 2,327 elderly aged between 55 and 75 years. Samples were selected using multi stage systematic sampling. Financial practice was measured using 12 statements representing four dimensions, namely, planning, cash management, credit and investment. Financial problems were measured using seven items with two dimensions, namely, daily problems and credit management. In general, the elderly in the study performed basic financial practice (planning and cash management) but a lower percentage of these elderly performed credit and investment plans. About one third of elderly had experienced at least one of the seven financial problems listed. Multiple regression analysis conducted to explore the factors explaining variation in financial practice revealed that the model explained 20.7% variation in the financial practice score. The variable significantly explained the variations in the financial practice score were gender, age, region, ethnicity, education, home ownership, health perception, and income. A further research is needed to better understand the dynamic of financial practice among the elderly.
Entrepreneurial orientation, firm market power and opportunism in networks

Purpose – This study aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurial orientation, firm market power and their interaction on opportunism in horizontal exchange networks. The aim is to investigate how entrepreneurial orientation and market power individually can lead to opportunism, but possessing both characteristics will mitigate such behavior. Design/methodology/approach – Based on an analysis of 108 firms in 25 networks using a panel-corrected standard errors approach, the study tests hypotheses regarding how entrepreneurial orientation, firm market power and their interaction impact opportunism within a focal horizontal network. Findings – The results of the analysis show that entrepreneurial orientation and firm market power are both positively related to network opportunism, but when firms possess both characteristics, opportunism toward fellow network actors is mitigated. Research limitations/implications – Research on entrepreneurial orientation has primarily examined the positive outcomes of the st.
Research Priorities in Pediatric Palliative Care: A Delphi Study

Background Pediatric palliative care is increasingly recognized to be a specialized type of care requiring specific skills and knowledge, yet, as found in several countries, there is little available research evidence on which to base care. Objectives The goal of the project was to achieve consensus among palliative care practitioners and researchers regarding the identification of pertinent lines of research. Method A Delphi technique was used with an interdisciplinary panel (n=14–16) of researchers and frontline clinicians in pediatric palliative care in Canada. Results Four priority research questions were identified: What matters most for patients and parents receiving pediatric palliative services? What are the bereavement needs of families in pediatric palliative care? What are the best practice standards in pain and symptom management? What are effective strategies to alleviate suffering at the end of life? Conclusions These identified priorities will provide guidance and direction for research efforts in Canada, and may prove useful in providing optimal care to patients and families in pediatric palliative care.
The Effect of Venture Capital Financing on the Economic Value Added Profile of Nigerian SMEs

This study examines the use of venture capital (VC) financing for small and medium-scale enterprise (SME) development in Nigeria by comparing the economic value added (EVA) of venture capital-backed SMEs and those of non-venture capital-backed SMEs. Three independent variables were specified namely: Equity finance, management support, and technical support, and the following tests were conducted: paired t-tests for significance of the differences in dependent and independent means, f-test for significance of R2 and t-test for significance of individual regression coefficients. 120 sets of questionnaire were administered, 60 for each category of SMEs, and a stepwise procedure followed the first response in order to maintain balanced responses between venture capital and non-venture capital-backed SMEs. Each set of questionnaire retrieved was checked for adequacy and completeness and if not, fresh questionnaires were sent out, ensuring that the objective criteria set out were met. It was found that VC financed SMEs clearly outperformed non-VCfinanced SMEs, and that the distinctive performance is the effect of management support by venture capitalists in their portfolio SMEs. The study concluded that given this positive trend in enterprise sustainability, VC-backed SMEs will contribute more to society in terms of taxes to government, provision for corporate social responsibility, and staff welfare. Finally, it was recommended among other things that more incentives for VC investments should be offered to encourage greater participation.
Now you see it: Genome methylation makes a comeback in Drosophila

Drosophila melanogaster is often considered to lack genomic 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), an opinion reinforced by two whole genome bisulfite‐sequencing studies that failed to find m5C. New evidence, however, indicates that genomic methylation is indeed present in the fly, albeit in small quantities and in unusual patterns. At embryonic stage 5, m5C occurs in short strand‐specific regions that cover ∼1% of the genome, at tissue levels suggesting a distribution restricted to a subset of nuclei. Its function is not obvious, but methylation in subsets of nuclei would obscure functional associations since transcript levels and epigenetic modifications are assayed in whole embryos. Surprisingly, Mt2, the fly's only candidate DNA methyltransferase, is not necessary for the observed methylation. Full evaluation of the functions of genome methylation in Drosophila must await discovery and experimental inactivation of the DNA methyltransferase, as well as a better understanding of the pattern and developmental regulation of genomic m5C.
Characteristics of services – a new approach uncovers their value

Purpose – Four characteristics have been regularly applied to services: intangibility, heterogeneity, inseparability, perishability (IHIP). More and more exceptions occur which have resulted in substantial criticism. This paper aims to show that each characteristic is valid and useful when related to an individual aspect of services instead of being assigned to services as a single entity.Design/methodology/approach – Based on customer integration, a framework (FTU framework) and a resource typology are developed. These approaches are the theoretical foundation of the analysis.Findings – The FTU framework and a resource typology reveal different aspects of services and allow the assignment of the IHIP characteristics to them. Intangibility is assigned to the service offering, heterogeneity and inseparability to customer resources, and perishability to the facilities of the provider.Research limitations/implications – The paper is based on a theoretical analysis. Researchers may want to empirically test th.
Biosecurity Factors Informing Consumer Preferences for Indigenous Chicken: A Literature Review

Indigenous chicken sector exhibits a very low adoption of biosecurity practices, thus is highly precarious in the wake of avian disease outbreak. Consumer preferences on the other hand seem strong for this chicken category and it is unknown whether knowledge of the state of the sector in terms of biosecurity informs consumer’s preferences for the product category. Other factors include communicating biosecurity messages, food security, gender equity, chicken factors and consumer profiles. The study utilizes desk research to review literature on biosecurity factors that inform consumer preferences for indigenous chicken. The importance of considering these factors is demonstrated in programming sector-wide biosecurity measures to jumpstart the sector with potential of eliminating poverty, food insecurity and improving livelihoods among rural folks.