Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of EGFR mutations in non‐small cell lung cancer in an unselected Caucasian population

EGFR mutation frequencies in unselected Caucasian populations are unknown. This study assesses the prevalence of EGFR mutations in an unselected population‐based cohort, and the correlation between mutation and gender, age, ethnicity, smoking habits, and pathological data. NSCLC patients diagnosed in a well‐defined Danish population were included. The type of the diagnostic material, and data on smoking were registered. The mutation analyses were investigated by Therascreen EGFR RGQ‐PCR Kit or Sanger sequencing. A total of 658 men and 598 women were included. 6.2% were never smokers, 38.9% were ex‐smokers, and 54.9% were current smokers. One thousand one hundred and sixty‐one (92.4%) patients had sufficient material for mutation analysis. Cytological material was used for 38% of the mutation analyses. 5.4% had mutation in the EGFR gene (4.3% men/6.7% women). 87% were activating mutations. 8.0% of adenocarcinomas, and 1.9% of squamous cell carcinomas were mutated. 29.4%, 4.4% and 2.9% of never, ex‐ and current smokers were mutated (p < 0.001). No difference in mutation rate was observed between patients with cytology only, histology only or both cytology and histology available. 5.4% of the patients had EGFR mutation. Adenocarcinomas were mutated more often (8.0%) than squamous cell carcinomas (1.9%). Mutations were found in never smokers as well as in former and current smokers. No difference in gender and age regarding mutation status was observed. EGFR mutations analysis was possible in almost all patients with no difference between cytology and histology specimens.
Signal recovery and the large sieve

Inequalities are developed for the fraction of a bandlimited function’s $L_p $ norm that can be concentrated on any set of small “Nyquist density. ” Two applications are mentioned. First, that a bandlimited function corrupted by impulsive noise can be reconstructed perfectly, provided the noise is concentrated on a set of Nyquist density $ < 1/\pi $; second, that a wideband signal supported on a set of Nyquist density $ < 1/ \pi$ can be reconstructed stably from noisy data, even when the low-frequency information is completely missing.
Polymorphisms in maternal folate pathway genes interact with arsenic in drinking water to influence risk of myelomeningocele.

BACKGROUND Arsenic induces neural tube defects in many animal models. Additionally, studies have shown that mice with specific genetic defects in folate metabolism and transport are more susceptible to arsenic-induced neural tube defects. We sought to determine whether 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism modified the effect of exposure to drinking water contaminated with inorganic arsenic and posterior neural tube defect (myelomeningocele) risk. METHODS Fifty-four mothers of children with myelomeningocele and 55 controls were enrolled through clinical sites in rural Bangladesh in a case-control study of the association between environmental arsenic exposure and risk of myelomeningocele. We assessed participants for level of myelomeningocele, administered questionnaires, conducted biological and environmental sample collection, and performed genotyping. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure inorganic arsenic concentration in drinking water. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified through review of the literature. RESULTS Drinking water inorganic arsenic concentration was associated with increased risk of myelomeningocele for participants with 4 of the 14 studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism: the AA/AG genotype of rs2236225 (MTHFD1), the GG genotype of rs1051266 (SLC19A1), the TT genotype of rs7560488 (DNMT3A), and the GG genotype of rs3740393 (AS3MT) with adjusted odds ratio of 1.13, 1.31, 1.20, and 1.25 for rs2236225, rs1051266, rs7560488, and rs3740393, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that environmental arsenic exposure increases the risk of myelomeningocele by means of interaction with folate metabolic pathways.
Sialic acid receptor specificity on erythrocytes affects detection of antibody to avian influenza haemagglutinin

Haemagglutination‐inhibition tests (HI) are used to detect increases in influenza antibody in serum. However, they are relatively insensitive for the detection of human antibody responses to avian haemagglutinin, even in the presence of high titres of neutralising antibody after confirmed infection or vaccination. Human influenza viruses bind preferentially sialic acid containing N‐acetylneuraminic acid α2,6‐galactose (SAα2,6Gal) linkages while avian and equine viruses bind preferentially those containing N‐acetylneuraminic acid α2,3‐galactose (SAα2,3Gal) linkages. Increasing the proportion of SAα2,3Gal linkages on the erythrocytes used, by enzymatic modification or change of species, improves the ability of erythrocytes to bind to avian influenza strains and thereby improves the sensitivity of detection of antibody to avian and equine HA in a range of mammalian and human sera using HI tests. J. Med. Virol. 70:391–398, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biocompatibility of Silicone Implants

The biocompatibility of silicone implants has been a source of long-standing controversy. An attempt to ascertain this biocompatibility with regard to the cellular immune mechanism was undertaken. Silicone gel from a mammary prosthesis was sonicated with Freund adjuvant under aseptic conditions to produce an injectable mixture, and injected subcutaneously in 10 female guinea pigs. Control animals did not receive this initial stimulus. After four weeks each animal received a challenge silicone implant of the same product in a gel form, surgically placed intraperitoneally in the omentum. Four weeks later peritoneal exudate cells were harvested for migration inhibition studies. Site of implantation and regional lymph nodes were processed for histological and electron microscopy.The migration inhibition studies showed that the silicone environment resulted in 45% inhibition of migration of the sensitized cell population. All sites of implantation showed a marked inflammatory response with silicone inclusions in giant cells, surrounded by neutrophils, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. Electron microscopy and x-ray energy spectrograph (XES) analysis revealed cytoplasmic transference of silicone from macrophages to lymphocytes, via a cytoplasmic bridge. There was no comparable response in control animals. Although apparently inert, silicone is capable of eliciting a cellular immune response demonstrated by the migration inhibition technique. This response is comparable to that elicited by purified protein derivative and may indicate that silicone acts as a hapten-like incomplete antigen.
Distribution of domestic Triatominae and stratification of Chagas Disease transmission in Oaxaca, Mexico

Mexico has 18 species of Triatomine bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) reported to be vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagas Disease is widespread in Mexico, with up to 3.5% seropositivity of human transfusion blood. The State of Oaxaca has the longest history of endemic Chagas Disease, based on acute and chronic case reports, and of entomological surveys in the country. However, the State health care services need more information on current risks of vector transmission. In order to identify and characterize areas of transmission in Oaxaca and to stratify the vector potential, the distribution of domestic Triatominae was surveyed during 1996–98 in collaboration with the primary health care services and local communities. Villages were studied in 11% of 570 municipalities in Oaxaca. Eight triatomine species were found in domestic and peri‐domestic habitats: Triatoma barberi Usinger, T. bolivari Carcavallo et al. T. dimidiata (Latreille), T. mazzottii Usinger, T. nitida Usinger, T. pallidipennis (Stal), T. phyllosoma (Burmeister) and Rhodnius prolixus Stal. For each triatomine species in Oaxaca, the range of distribution and habitat characteristics are described. Habitat partitioning, principally based on altitude and mean annual precipitation, limited the overlap of distribution between species. Relatively consistent altitude of human settlements facilitates the dispersion of individual species within microregions. Entomological indices of house infestation were used to estimate that ∼50% of the human population (1874 320 inhabitants) would be at risk of vector transmission, with a minimum of 134 320 infected people and 40 280 chronic cases of Chagas Disease currently in Oaxaca.
Effectiveness of a controlled release chlorhexidine chip (PerioCol™-CG) as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing when compared to scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A comparative study

Aims and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a controlled-release chlorhexidine chip as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing when compared with scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: 20 patients with a total number of 40 posterior sites were selected. These sites were divided into two groups in a split mouth design,: Group A (control site) had 20 sites treated with scaling and root planing alone and Group B (test site) had 20 sites treated with scaling and root planing and PerioCol™-CG. The clinical parameters (Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level) were recorded at baseline, 90th and 180th day for both the groups. Results: When both groups were compared the change in Plaque index was significantly higher in Group B when compared to Group A on the 90th day and 180th day. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean percentage of gingival bleeding sites between the two groups on the 90th day, though Group B showed a statistically higher reduction in the mean percentage of gingival bleeding sites at the end of 180th day. There was no statistically significant difference in probing pocket depth between the two groups on both 90th and 180th day. Gain in clinical attachment level was significantly higher in Group B when compared to Group A on the 90th and 180th day. Conclusion: From the results observed in this study, it can be concluded that the adjunctive use of PerioCol™-CG was safe and provided significant improvement in both Plaque index and gingival bleeding index. It was also more favorable than scaling and root planing alone for gain in clinical attachment level.
Delta-Like Ligand 4 Correlates with Endothelial Proliferation and Vessel Maturation in Human Malignant Glioma

Aim: To investigate the role of delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) in the angiogenesis of high-grade malignant glioma. Materials and Methods: DLL4 expression and microvessel density (MVD) were detected by immunohistochemistry in 51 human high-grade malignant glioma tissue samples. The vessel maturation index (VMI) was calculated as the percentage of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA)-positive vessels in relation to the amount of CD31-positive vessels. Double fluorescent immunostaining for CD31 and EphrinB2 or EphB4 was performed to identify the arterial (EphrinB2) or venous (EphB4) origins of glioma microvessels. Results: Strong immunostaining of DLL4 and a positive correlation of DLL4 with the MVD were observed in high-grade malignant gliomas. The VMI of the DLL4-positive group was significantly higher than that of the DLL4-negative group. However, no significant association was found between DLL4 and EphrinB2 or EphB4 in high-grade gliomas. Conclusion: DLL4 may be an important regulator for vessel proliferation and maturation in human high-grade malignant gliomas.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution

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Orbital Stability Analysis of Two-Relay Controller in Second Order Systems via Lyapunov Functions and Its Application to a 3-DOF Underactuated Helicopter

This paper deals with the solution of the periodic motion problem in a 3-DOF under actuated helicopter. A two-relay controller was proposed in order to induce self-oscillations in the helicopter. A new framework for orbital stability analysis based on Lyapunov functions was proposed for the closed-loop system. The performance of the proposed two-relay controller to induce self-oscillations into a laboratory under actuated 3-DOF helicopter was verified by simulations.
Effectiveness of Music Listening in Patients With Total Knee Replacement During CPM Rehabilitation

Aim: This study investigated the effects of music listening on the anxiety, heart rate variability (HRV), and joint range of motion (ROM) of patients undergoing continuous passive motion (CPM) after total knee replacement surgery. Method: An experimental design was used. Participants in the experimental group (n = 49) listened to music from 10 min before receiving CPM until the end of the session (25 min in total) on the first and second day following surgery, whereas participants in the control group (n = 42) did not listen to music but rested quietly in bed starting 10 min before and throughout CPM. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly lower anxiety levels (p < .05) and increased CPM angles (p < .05) during treatment and increased active flexion ROM (p < .05) upon discharge. The low-frequency (LF)/high-frequency (HF) power ratio, normalized LF HRV, and normalized HF HRV of the two groups differed significantly, indicating that the patients in the experimental group had greater parasympathetic activity compared with those in the control group. Conclusion: Music listening can effectively reduce patient anxiety and enhance the ROM of their joints during postoperative rehabilitation. Health-care practitioners should consider including music listening as a routine practice for postoperative rehabilitation following orthopedic surgery.
Osteopontin at the Crossroads of Inflammation and Tumor Progression

Complex interactions between tumor and host cells regulate systemic tumor dissemination, a process that begins early at the primary tumor site and goes on until tumor cells detach themselves from the tumor mass and start migrating into the blood or lymphatic vessels. Metastatic cells colonize the target organs and are capable of surviving and growing at distant sites. In this context, osteopontin (OPN) appears to be a key determinant of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host microenvironment, which in turn modulates immune evasion. OPN is overexpressed in several human carcinomas and has been implicated in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Thus, it represents one of the most attracting targets for cancer therapy. Within the tumor mass, OPN is secreted in various forms either by the tumor itself or by stroma cells, and it can exert either pro- or antitumorigenic effects according to the cell type and tumor microenvironment. Thus, targeting OPN for therapeutic purposes needs to take into account the heterogeneous functions of the multiple OPN forms with regard to cancer formation and progression. In this review, we will describe the role of systemic, tumor-derived, and stroma-derived OPN, highlighting its pivotal role at the crossroads of inflammation and tumor progression.
Large-Scale Education Reform in General Equilibrium: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from India

The economic consequences of large-scale government investments in education depend on general equilibrium effects in both the labor market and the education sector. I develop a general equilibrium model capturing the consequences of massive countrywide schooling initiatives. I provide unbiased estimates of the model’s elasticities, using a regression discontinuity derived from Indian government policy. The earnings returns to a year of education are 13.4%, and the general equilibrium labor market effects substantially depress returns, by 6.6 percentage points. These general equilibrium effects have distributional consequences across cohorts and skill groups, whereby unskilled workers are better off and skilled workers worse off.
Teori Maqâshid Al Syarî’ah dan Hubungannya dengan Metode Istinbath Hukum

Kemaslahatan sebagai inti dari maqâshid al-syari‘ah, memiliki peranan penting dalam penentuan hukum Islam. Sebab hukum Islam diturunkan mempunyai tujuan untuk mewujudkan kemaslahatan umat baik di dunia maupun di akhirat. Dengan demikian sesungguhnya maqashid al-syari‘ah memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat dengan metode istinbath hukum, dengan kata lain bahwa setiap metode istinbath hukum berdasar pada kemaslahatan. Adapun cara yang digunakan oleh para ulama dalam menggali kemaslahatan tersebut ada dua macam yakni: Pertama metode ta’liili (metode analisis substantif) yang meliputi qiyas dan istihsân. Kedua metode istishlâhi (metode analisis kemaslahatan) yang meliputi al-mashahah al-mursalah dan al-dhari’ah baik kategori sadd al-dzari’ah maupun fath al-dzari’ah. The Theory of Maqâshid Al Syari'ah and The Relation With Istinbath Method The kindness (Maslahah) as the core of muqâshid al-syari'ah, has an important role in determining Islamic law. The Islamic law is revealed to deliver the kindness for people, now and in hereafter. So, maqashid al-syari'ah has a very strong relation with the istinbath method, in other words, every method of istinbath is based on kindness. There are two methods used by Islamic scholars (‘ulama) in searching for those kindness: Firstly is substantive analysis method (ta’liili method) which including qiyas and istihsan. The other method is by analysis of kindness (istishlâhi method) that use al-mashahah al-mursalah danal-dhari 'ah, either sadd al-dzari'ah or fath al-dzari'ah.
Comparing Estimators of the Galaxy Correlation Function

We present a systematic comparison of some of the usual estimators of the two-point correlation function, some of them currently used in cosmology, others extensively employed in the field of the statistical analysis of point processes. At small scales it is known that the correlation function follows reasonably well a power-law expression ξ(r) ∝ r-γ. The accurate determination of the exponent γ (the order of the pole) depends on the estimator used for ξ(r); on the other hand, its behavior at large scales gives information on a possible trend to homogeneity. We study the concept, the possible bias, the dependence on random samples, and the errors of each estimator. Errors are computed by means of artificial catalogs of Cox processes for which the analytical expression of the correlation function is known. We also introduce a new method for extracting simulated galaxy samples from cosmological simulations.
Multiple Resistance to Glyphosate and Pyrithiobac in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from Mississippi and Response to Flumiclorac

Abstract Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to confirm and quantify glyphosate resistance, quantify pyrithiobac resistance, and investigate interaction between flumiclorac and glyphosate mixtures on control of Palmer amaranth from Mississippi. The GR50 (herbicide dose required to cause a 50% reduction in plant growth) values for two glyphosate-resistant biotypes, C1B1 and T4B1, and a glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype were 1.52, 1.3, and 0.09 kg ae ha−1 glyphosate, respectively. This indicated that the C1B1 and T4B1 biotypes were 17- and 14-fold resistant to glyphosate, respectively, compared with the GS biotype. The C1B1 and T4B1 biotypes were also resistant to pyrithiobac, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, with GR50 values of 0.06 and 0.07 kg ai ha−1, respectively. This indicated that the C1B1 and T4B1 biotypes were 7- and 8-fold, respectively, more resistant to pyrithiobac compared with the GS biotype, which had a GR50 value of 0.009 kg ha−1. Flumiclorac was antagonistic to glyphosate by reducing glyphosate translocation. The C1B1 and T4B1 absorbed less glyphosate 48 h after treatment (HAT) compared with the GS biotype. The majority of the translocated glyphosate accumulated in the shoot above the treated leaf (that contains the apical meristem) in the GS biotype and in the shoot below the treated leaf in the resistant biotypes, C1B1 and T4B1, by 48 HAT. The C1B1 biotype accumulated negligible shikimate levels, whereas the T4B1 and GS biotypes recorded elevated levels of shikimate. Metabolism of glyphosate to aminomethylphosphonic acid was not detected in either of the resistant biotypes or the susceptible GS biotype. The above results confirm multiple resistance to glyphosate and pyrithiobac in Palmer amaranth biotypes from Mississippi and indicate that resistance to glyphosate is partly due to reduced absorption and translocation of glyphosate. Nomenclature: Flumiclorac; glyphosate; pyrithiobac; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA.