Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using time stream Petri nets over a service architecture for workflow modelling and enactment

Timing requirements are important aspects in workflow modelling, analysis and enactment. In the last few years, though, many workflow languages and tools have been proposed but only few of them address timing issues during enactment. This paper argues that Time Stream Petri Nets (TSPNs), originally designed for multimedia/hypermedia modelling and analysis, are a well-suited formalism also for supporting the whole lifecycle of workflow processes with timing constraints. A novel approach to distributed enactment of workflow processes specified by TSPNs in the context of PN-Engine is proposed. PN-Engine is a decentralized enactment engine based on the Service Oriented Computing paradigm, that enables execution of workflow processes where the coordinated activities may involve cross-boundary organizations. The approach is illustrated by means of an example concerned with a wine-production process.
Comparison of performance of interns completing the old (1993) and new interactive (1997) Advanced Trauma Life Support courses.

BACKGROUND The 1997 edition of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course emphasized interactivity as its major change. The impact of this change is assessed in this study. METHODS We compared two matched groups of 16 interns completing either the old (group I) or new (group II) ATLS course. Cognitive skills (40 standard ATLS questions plus 10 additional questions on airway and shock) and clinical trauma management skills (four trauma objective structured clinical examinations [OSCEs] on simulated trauma patients) were tested. OSCE station scores (standardized to a maximum of 20), priority scores (graded 1-7), organized approach global passing grades (graded 1-5), and initial assessment test station scores (graded 1-5) were compared. RESULTS Using ATLS criteria, three interns failed in each group. Post-ATLS examination question scores were similar (84.5+/-6.9 for group I, 85.9+/-7.1 for group II); scores for the airway and shock questions were higher but not different between the two groups. The four OSCE station mean scores varied between 13.9+/-2.0 and 15.4+/-2.1 for group I and were higher (p < 0.05) for group II (17.9+/-1.6 to 19.1+/-1.0). Priority scores were similar (group I, 6.3+/-1.1; group II, 6.4+/-1.2), but approach scores (3.9+/-0.1 for group I and 4.9+/-0.8 for group II) were lower in group I, as were the initial assessment test scores (2.9+/-0.2 for group I and 4.9+/-0.8 for group II). There were 8 honors grades in group I and 40 (p < 0.05) in group II. Interactive teaching, adult education principles, opportunities for discussion, provision of feedback, and stimulation of self-learning were rated more highly in the new course. CONCLUSION Using standard ATLS pass criteria, performance after the new and old ATLS courses was similar. Superior performances were measured using OSCE methodology for clinical trauma management skills after the new compared with the old ATLS course in this population of interns.
BHIVA Guidelines: coinfection with HIV and Chronic hepatitis B virus

1 All HIV-positive patients should have anti-HBc and/or anti-HBs tests within a month of diagnosis (II). 2 All those negative for hepatitis B markers should be immunised, although response to vaccine may be reduced if the CD4 count is less than 500 cells/mL (I). 3 Following successful immunisation, anti-HBs levels should be checked yearly and booster doses of vaccine should be given to those with an anti-HBs level o 100 iu/L (IV). 4 Persons who fail to seroconvert to HBV vaccine and are at continuing risk of HBV infection should have annual HBV markers performed (HBsAg and anti-HBc) (IV). 5 All patients who are anti-HBc positive but HBsAg negative are at risk of reactivation. Re-check HBsAg (and HBV-DNA if the HBsAg is still not detectable) if the liver function tests (LFT; AST/ALT) become abnormal (II). 6 All HIV-infected persons should be assessed for HBV status before ARV therapy is commenced and then reassessed periodically according to HBV risk and immune status. Decisions on appropriate antiretroviral therapy combinations can then be made (IV). Assessment and management of HIV/HBV coinfected patients
Citron Kinase, a RhoA Effector, Enhances HIV‐1 Virion Production by Modulating Exocytosis

RhoGTPases play important roles in the regulation of protein transport and membrane recycling. Little is known, however, about how RhoGTPases affect HIV‐1 virion production, which is dependent on the endosomal sorting pathway. We report that ectopic expression of citron kinase (citron‐K), a RhoA effector, preferentially enhances HIV‐1 virion production. Depletion of endogenous citron‐K inhibits HIV‐1 virion production. Citron‐N, which lacks the kinase domain, also enhances HIV‐1 virion production. The leucine zipper, Rho‐binding and zinc finger domains of citron‐N are necessary for the enhancement activity. Citron‐K also enhances murine leukemia virion production and the HIV‐1 late domain is not required for the citron‐K‐mediated enhancement. Ectopic expression of citron‐K leads to the formation of cytoplasmic structures containing citron‐K and HIV‐1 Gag proteins. HIV‐1 and citron‐K cooperatively enhance acidic endosome and lysosome compartments. Finally, citron‐K promotes exocytosis of microvesicles or exosomes that co‐purify with HIV‐1 virions. We conclude that citron‐K enhances HIV‐1 virion production by stimulating the endosomal compartments and exocytosis.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Coronary Risk Factors in Women

Background Evidence that physical activity is cardioprotective in women is not as strong as that observed in men. Furthermore, the extent to which exercise protects against coronary heart disease via its influence on classical risk factors remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between reported physical activity, a range of coronary heart disease risk factors and a 10-year predicted coronary heart disease risk score. Methods A cross-sectional study of 14 077 female employees aged 30–64 years who were screened between 1988 and 1991 was employed. Measurements included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein a and fasting blood glucose. Participants were divided into three groups according to reported average frequency of vigorous leisure-time physical activity, that is zero, one to two, or three or more episodes per week. Results Increasing activity frequency was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides and body mass index (all P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.003), apolipoprotein B (P = 0.04) and blood glucose (P = 0.01) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein A1 (P = 0.03). There was no association with lipoprotein a. After controlling for possible confounders, these relationships remained statistically significant except for apolipoprotein B and glucose. The odds ratios for being in the top quintile of predicted 10-year coronary heart disease risk for individuals in each category of activity were 1.0 (inactive), 0.70 (one to two episodes of activity per week) and 0.77 (three or more episodes of activity per week). Conclusion Women engaging in vigorous, leisure-time physical activity have a less atherogenic coronary heart disease risk factor profile than those who do not, which translates into a potential reduction of approximately 30% in coronary heart disease risk.
Voice Activity Detector of Wake-Up-Word Speech Recognition System Design on FPGA

A typical speech recognition system is push-to-talk operated that requires activation. However for those who use hands-busy applications, movement may by restricted or impossible. One alternative is to use Speech-Only Interface. The proposed method that is called Wake-Up-Word Speech Recognition (WUW-SR) that utilizes speech only interface. A WUW-SR system would allow the user to activate systems (Cell phone, Computer, etc.) with only speech commands instead of manual activation. The trend in WUW-SR hardware design is towards implementing a complete system on a single chip intended for various applications. This paper presents an experimental FPGA design and implementation of a novel architecture of a real time feature extraction processor that includes: Voice Activity Detector (VAD), and features extraction, MFCC, LPC, and ENH_MFCC. In the WUW-SR system, the recognizer front-end with VAD is located at the terminal which is typically connected over a data network(e.g., server)for remote back-end recognition. VAD is responsible for segmenting the signal into speech-like and non-speech-like segments. For any given frame VAD reports one of two possible states: VAD_ON or VAD_OFF. The back-end is then responsible to score the features that are being segmented during VAD_ON stage. The most important characteristic of the presented design is that it should guarantee virtually 100% correct rejection for non-WUW (out of vocabulary words - OOV) while maintaining correct acceptance rate of 99.9% or higher (in vocabulary words - INV). This requirement sets apart WUW-SR from other speech recognition tasks because no existing system can guarantee 100% reliability by any measure.
Privacy enhanced access control mechanism for home networks

In this paper, we propose an access control mechanism for home networks. First, we examine existing access control mechanisms and summarize their shortcomings, such as bottleneck, single point of failure, and inconvenience of configuration. Then, we introduce new access control mechanism dealing with the defects. In the proposed mechanism, we classify the services into three groups based on their security sensitivity level, and provide different access control schemes to each security level service to make a difference among the protection levels of each service (i.e. to provide more secure access control mechanism to more important services.) Finally, we describe how the security and convenience are enforced by using our mechanism. Proposed access control mechanism is based on the authority delegation scheme of SPKI/SDSI (Simple Public Key Infrastructure /Simple Distributed Security Infrastructure.).
Vision based real-time fish detection using convolutional neural network

Underwater vision has specific characteristics such as high attenuation of lights, severe noise and haze in the images. For real-time fish detection using underwater vision, this paper proposes convolutional neural network based techniques based on You Only Look Once algorithm. Actual fish video images were used to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the proposed method. As a result, the network recorded 93% classification accuracy, 0.634 intersection over union between predicted bounding box and ground truth, and 16.7 frames per second of fish detection. It also outperforms another fish detector using sliding window algorithm and classifier trained with histogram of oriented gradient features and support vector machine.
Isolation Improvement in UWB MIMO Antenna System Using Carbon Black Film

A carbon black film was used to enhance the isolation of ultrawideband multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system, which could absorb the interference between two or more antenna elements. We investigated the proportion of carbon black film, coated position and area, and the properties of MIMO antenna system to enhance the isolation in MIMO system. The properties of the carbon black film-coated antenna are as follows: at 2.5–11 GHz, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$</tex-math></inline-formula> < –10 dB, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{21}$</tex-math></inline-formula> < –15 dB; average efficiency 69.2%; gain >2.11 dBi; and envelope correlation coefficients <0.02. Results indicate that the film can be applied to various MIMO systems.
PRODUCTION OF ADENOVIRUS ANTISERUMS IN HORSES.

Viruses. The history of the prototype vi¬ ruses used and the titer of the immunizing anti¬ gens determined by complement fixation test with human immune serums (4) are sum¬ marized in table 1. Preparation of immunizing and serologic an¬ tigens. Thirty-two ounce prescription bottles containing KB tissue culture monolayers were inoculated with adenovirus strains 1 through 18 to provide sufficient volumes for immuniza¬ tion and serologic testing. The growth medium was mixture 199 containing 10 percent calf serum. The maintenance medium was pre¬ pared with mixture 199, 25 percent tryptose
Conditional Probabilities and Compounds of Conditionals

Tjrnest Adams (1965, 1975) has advanced a probabilistic acL count of conditionals, according to which the probability of a simple English indicative conditional is the conditional probability of the consequent given the antecedent. The theory describes what English speakers assert and accept with unfailing accuracy, yet the theory has won only limited acceptance. A principal reason for this has been that the theory is so limited in its scope. While the theory does a marvelous job of accounting for how we use simple conditionals, it tells us nothing about compound conditionals or about Boolean combinations of conditionals. In view of the Lewis Triviality Theorem (which we shall discuss below), this limitation has been thought to be insuperable, so that Adams's theory has appeared to be a dead end, highly accurate in a narrowly specialized domain, but isolated from the rest of logical theory and unable to overcome that isolation. Adams's theory has also seemed to be isolated from probability theory, since it tells us nothing about the probabilities of Boolean compounds of conditionals, and the laws governing the probabilities of Boolean compounds lie at the very center of classical probability theory. Since the laws of probability cannot be meaningfully applied to the numerical values Adams assigns to conditionals, there has seemed to be little point in referring to these numerical values as "probabilities. " The numerical values accurately measure the assertability and acceptability of conditionals, but they are, as Lewis (1976, p. 135) puts it, "probabilities only in name. " In the present paper, I shall attempt to meet these difficulties
Psychomotor recovery after three methods of sedation during spinal anaesthesia.

In a double-blinded study, we have investigated psychomotor recovery after three sedation schemes during spinal anaesthesia for transurethral resection of prostate. Thirty-nine patients were allocated randomly to receive i.v. midazolam only, i.v. midazolam with antagonism by flumazenil or an infusion of propofol. The psychomotor tests were of long and short term memory, critical flicker fusion threshold, attention and concentration, cognition, mental arithmetic, and sedation and anxiety levels, and were performed before operation and at 30 min, 60 min, 2 h and 24 h after operation. Free recall of a picture learning task was the most sensitive test, showing a significant impairment in all groups, persisting for more than 2 h. Propofol was associated with the most rapid recovery and least impairment compared with preoperative baseline. Performance improved in all the tests after antagonism with flumazenil, but was still significantly impaired compared with baseline in tests of picture recall and letter deletion. Significant decreases in performance in all tests were detected 1 h after flumazenil. No increase in anxiety was recorded after flumazenil. We conclude that infusion of propofol is the technique with the most rapid recovery, while only brief and incomplete antagonism of the effects of midazolam may be expected with flumazenil.
Optimal Market Timing

We use a fully-specified neoclassical model augmented with costly external equity as a laboratory to study the relations between stock returns and equity financing decisions. Simulations show that the model can simultaneously and in many cases quantitatively reproduce: procyclical equity issuance; the negative relation between aggregate equity share and future stock market returns; long-term underperformance following equity issuance and the positive relation of its magnitude with the volume of issuance; the mean-reverting behavior in the operating performance of issuing firms; and the positive long-term stock price drift of firms distributing cash and its positive relation with book-to-market. We conclude that systematic mispricing seems unnecessary to generate the return-related evidence often interpreted as behavioral underreaction to market timing.
Autoradiographic investigations on the effect of cyclophosphamide on dentinogenesis of the rat incisor.

— Five μCi 3H-glycine/g bodyweight were administered to 10 rats 30 min prior to, and to 10 rats 24 h after 25 or 40 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. Fourteen rats served as control material. Autoradiographic investigations of the incisors demonstrated the preodontoblasts to be the odontoblast developmental stage most sensitive to cyclophosphamide, succeeded by precursors of preodontoblasts. The injury was reflected as a reduced production of circumpulpal dentin. The sensitive period was approximately equivalent to maximally 48 h, minimally 24 h. The results were discussed in relation to those obtained with roentgen rays.
GLRT detector for Gaussian environment with auto-regressive spectrum in single channel of high-frequency surface wave radar

There are various interference sources in the environment of HFSWR which limit detection of small targets. Signal processing techniques have been proposed to reject clutter and interference signals and improve the performance of detection systems. Considering that sea clutter can be modeled by Auto-regressive processes, in the work presented here, single-sensor AR-GC-GLR detector examined for actual sea clutter gathered by a HFSWR. Using simulation and practical measurements, the performance of this detector will be proposed. Findings show that the performance of detection will improve by fewer numbers of the interference samples. This dependency is more than ground clutter with sparse plant coverage, which is considered at AR-GC-GLR detector.
Characterization of a Divinyl Ether Biosynthetic Pathway Specifically Associated with Pathogenesis in Tobacco1[W][OA]

In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), an elicitor- and pathogen-induced 9-lipoxygenase (LOX) gene, NtLOX1, is essential for full resistance to pathogens, notably to an incompatible race of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn race 0). In this work, we aimed to identify those oxylipins induced during attempted infection by Ppn race 0 and down-regulated in NtLOX1 antisense plants. Here we show that colneleic and colnelenic acids, which significantly inhibit germination of Ppn zoospores, are produced in roots of wild-type plants inoculated with Ppn, but are down-regulated in NtLOX1 antisense plants. A search for a tobacco gene encoding the enzyme involved in the formation of these divinyl ether (DVE) fatty acids resulted in the cloning and characterization of a DVE synthase (DES) clone (NtDES1). NtDES1 is a 9-DES, specifically converting fatty acid 9-hydroperoxides into DVE fatty acids. NtDES1 has the potential to act in combination with NtLOX1 because, in the presence of the two enzymes, linoleic and linolenic acids were converted in vitro into colneleic and colnelenic acids, respectively. In addition, the pattern of NtDES1 gene expression was quite similar to that of NtLOX1. Their transcripts were undetected in healthy tissues from different plant organs, and accumulated locally and transiently after elicitation and fungal infection, but not after wounding. Visualization of NtDES1-yellow fluorescent protein and NtLOX1-cyan fluorescent protein fusion proteins in tobacco leaves indicated that both localize in the cytosol and are excluded from plastids, consistent with the presumed location of the 9-LOX pathway in plants and the lack of transit peptides for NtLOX1 and NtDES1, respectively. Our data suggest that, in tobacco, NtDES1 and NtLOX1 act together and form DVEs in response to pathogen attack and that this class of oxylipins modulates in vivo the outcome of the tobacco-Ppn race 0 interaction.
Tyrosine phenol‐lyase and tryptophan indole‐lyase encapsulated in wet nanoporous silica gels: Selective stabilization of tertiary conformations

The pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzymes tyrosine phenol‐lyase and tryptophan indole‐lyase were encapsulated in wet nanoporous silica gels, a powerful method to selectively stabilize tertiary and quaternary protein conformations and to develop bioreactors and biosensors. A comparison of the enzyme reactivity in silica gels and in solution was carried out by determining equilibrium and kinetic parameters, exploiting the distinct spectral properties of catalytic intermediates and reaction products. The encapsulated enzymes exhibit altered distributions of ketoenamine and enolimine tautomers, increased values of inhibitors dissociation constants, slow attaining of steady‐state in the presence of substrate and substrate analogs, modified steady‐state distribution of catalytic intermediates, and a sixfold–eightfold decrease of specific activities. This behavior can be rationalized by a reduced conformational flexibility for the encapsulated enzymes and a selective stabilization of either the open (inactive) or the closed (active) form of the enzymes. Despite very similar structures and catalytic mechanisms, the influence of encapsulation is more pronounced for tyrosine phenol‐lyase than tryptophan indole‐lyase. This finding indicates that subtle structural and dynamic differences can lead to distinct interactions of the protein with the gel matrix.
Evaluation of a family-based behavioural intervention programme for children with obesity

BackgroundFamily-based behavioural intervention programs (FBIPs) against childhood obesity have shown promising results, but the mediating mechanisms have not been identified. The aim of this study was to examine changes in obese childrens lifestyle habits during a 2-year FBIP according to their own and parents’ reports, the concordance between these reports and the correlations to change in post-intervention z-BMI.MethodsAn observational study of 26 children (8.3–12.0 years) and their parents participating in a 2-year FBIP was performed. Weight and height were measured from baseline to 12 months after the end of the program. Eating habits and physical- and sedentary activity were reported separately by children and parents. Data were analysed with regard to concordance between parents’ and children’s reports and association between the lifestyle reports and change in z-BMI at the study endpoint using descriptive statistics and parametric and non-parametric tests.ResultsAccording to both children’s and parents’ reports, the level of physical activity among the children had increased after the intervention as well as the agreement between the informants’ reports. According to the children, eating habits had improved, while the parents’ reports showed an improvement only with regard to binge eating. The concordance between children and parents regarding eating habits was slight to fair also after the intervention. No statistically significant associations between changes in lifestyle reports and changes in z-BMI were observed.ConclusionsChild and parent reports of physical activity were found to converge and display an improvement in a 2-year FBIP, while the reports on eating habits showed a more refractory pattern. Changes in concordance and agreement between children and parents reports did not correlate with weight reduction. Further methods development and studies of the processes during family-based interventions against childhood obesity are warranted.