Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Hypocalcemic Fits in Children Presenting with Afebrile Seizures and Risk Factors for Hypocalcemia â€“ A Descriptive Study

Background: Seizures are common in paediatric age group, occurring approximately in 10% of children. Hypocalcemia is one of the most common metabolic causes of afebrile seizures. Objective: To determine the frequency of hypocal-cemic fits in children presenting with afebrile seizure, from 2 months to 2 years of age and to study the risk factors for hypocalcemia in these patients. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Paediatric Medicine Unit-I, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Duration: Six months (January to June 2007). Sampling Technique: Non probability purposive sampling. Subjects and Methods: After consent, 60 cases of afebrile convulsions were registered for the study. Dif-ferent variables like age, sex, poor sun exposure, low birth weight, prematurity, milk feeding, weaning, nutritional status, maternal age, parity, child spacing and maternal anemia were recorded. Each child was investigated for serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and x-ray left wrist. Information was re-corded on a structured pretested proforma. Results: Study population consisted of 60 children. Hypocalcemia was observed in 68.3% cases. Most common age group was < 6 months (51.2%). There was male predominance (56%). Common risk factors were poor sun exposure (68.3%), unfortified fresh milk feeding (63.4%), malnutrition (61%), low birth weight (54%), inadequate weaning (36.5%), and pre-maturity (17%) while maternal risk factors were multi-parity (73%), mother age < 30 years (70.7%), anemic mothers (63.4%), and < 2 year child spacing (51.2%). Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is a common cause of afebrile fits in children. Poor sun exposure, low birth weight, prematurity, malnutrition, maternal anemia and multiparity are major risk factors for hypocal-cemia. Key words: Hypocalcemia, Seizure, Convulsions, Risk Factors.
Acid-base Balance and Oxidative Metabolism in Calcified Tissues

The calcified tissues, comprising bone and cartilage, are metabolically active tissues that bind and release calcium, bicarbonate and other substances according to systemic needs. Understanding the regulation of cellular metabolism in bone and cartilage is an important issue, since a link between the metabolism and diseases of these tissues is clear. An essential element in the function of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, namely regulation of bicarbonate transport, has not yet been thoroughly studied. Another example of an important but at the same time fairly unexplored subject of interest in this field is cartilage degeneration, an important determinant for development of osteoarthritis. The link between this and oxidative metabolism has rarely been studied. In this study, we have investigated the significance of bicarbonate transport in osteoclasts. We found that osteoclasts possess several potential proteins for bicarbonate transport, including carbonic anhydrase IV and XIV, and an electroneutral bicarbonate co-transporter NBCn1. We have also shown that inhibiting the function of these proteins has a significant impact on bone resorption and osteoclast morphology. Furthermore, we have explored oxidative metabolism in chondrocytes and found that carbonic anhydrase III (CA III), a protein linked to the prevention of protein oxidation in muscle cells, is also present in mouse chondrocytes, where its expression correlates with the presence of reactive oxygen species. Thus, our study provides novel information on the regulation of cellular metabolism in calcified tissues.
CEFLES2: the remote sensing component to quantify photosynthetic efficiency from the leaf to the region by measuring sun-induced fluorescence in the oxygen absorption bands.

Abstract. The CEFLES2 campaign during the Carbo Europe Regional Experiment Strategy was designed to provide simultaneous airborne measurements of solar induced fluorescence and CO2 fluxes. It was combined with extensive ground-based quantification of leaf- and canopy-level processes in support of ESA's Candidate Earth Explorer Mission of the "Fluorescence Explorer" (FLEX). The aim of this campaign was to test if fluorescence signal detected from an airborne platform can be used to improve estimates of plant mediated exchange on the mesoscale. Canopy fluorescence was quantified from four airborne platforms using a combination of novel sensors: (i) the prototype airborne sensor AirFLEX quantified fluorescence in the oxygen A and B bands, (ii) a hyperspectral spectrometer (ASD) measured reflectance along transects during 12 day courses, (iii) spatially high resolution georeferenced hyperspectral data cubes containing the whole optical spectrum and the thermal region were gathered with an AHS sensor, and (iv) the first employment of the high performance imaging spectrometer HYPER delivered spatially explicit and multi-temporal transects across the whole region. During three measurement periods in April, June and September 2007 structural, functional and radiometric characteristics of more than 20 different vegetation types in the Les Landes region, Southwest France, were extensively characterized on the ground. The campaign concept focussed especially on quantifying plant mediated exchange processes (photosynthetic electron transport, CO2 uptake, evapotranspiration) and fluorescence emission. The comparison between passive sun-induced fluorescence and active laser-induced fluorescence was performed on a corn canopy in the daily cycle and under desiccation stress. Both techniques show good agreement in detecting stress induced fluorescence change at the 760 nm band. On the large scale, airborne and ground-level measurements of fluorescence were compared on several vegetation types supporting the scaling of this novel remote sensing signal. The multi-scale design of the four airborne radiometric measurements along with extensive ground activities fosters a nested approach to quantify photosynthetic efficiency and gross primary productivity (GPP) from passive fluorescence.
Current Extent and Historical Expansion of Introduced Mangroves on O'ahu, Hawai'i1

ABSTRACT In Hawai'i, mangrove trees are introduced species that can rapidly colonize many nearshore environments. Mangroves have been introduced on O'ahu, and Rhizophora mangle in particular has created numerous problems that have led to several mangrove removals and increased interest in long-term management of mangroves. The objective of this project was to quantify current locations of mangroves and their historical rate of expansion on O'ahu. We used the Geographic Information System (GIS) to map mangroves from digitized air photographs from six time periods: 1951–1953, 1963–1965, 1978, 1982, 1991, and 2001. We found that mangroves are still expanding at a rapid rate on O'ahu 80 yr after their introduction. Mangroves have colonized many different landforms, including tidal flats, riverbanks, fishponds, canals, protected reefs, embayments, lagoons, and other protected areas. Currently, mangroves are widely distributed and occur on all coasts except the dry leeward coast and occupy a total of 147 ha. Roughly 70% (102 ha) of all mangroves occur in Pearl Harbor.
Critical cones for regular controls with inequality constraints

Based on the notions of normality and regularity for constrained problems in optimization, a conjecture on second order necessary conditions related to different critical cones is posed for a wide range of optimal control problems involving equality and inequality constraints. Several properties of the sets and functions delimiting the problem are derived and, for a specific case where the surmise has been proved correct, some fundamental questions derived from this result are completely solved. Mathematics Subject Classification: 49K15
Possibility of Drug-Drug Interaction through Prescription Analysis at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Bangladesh

Introduction: Medicaments are the ultimate choice of treatment when lifestyle and diet changes are unable to serve the preventive strategy for cardiovascular diseases. Contradictorily, detrimental Drug–Drug Interactions (DDI) between cardiovascular drugs with the non-cardiovascular drugs may lead to alterations in the therapeutic responses, and pose a grave health concern leading to early morbidity and mortality.
ZargisCardioscan™ Aided Heart Murmurs Recognition has high negative predictive values when correlated and validated with Echocardiography: A Potential Dawn for Valvular Heart Disease Prevalence Studies in Rural India

Background The purpose of this open-label study was to correlate the auscultation findings of ZargisCardioscan™ with the echocardiographic findings in our patient population who were referred for echocardiography so as to investigate and ensure the validity of this technology before instituting its applicability in community health events among rural Indian population. Materials and Methods This was a double blinded prospective correlation study in outpatients presenting for echocardiography. Methods: One hundred patients, who had presented for echocardiography at Cardiology Center of an academic university hospital in rural India, were enrolled in this double blinded prospective correlation study. Principal investigator who is a community medicine physician performed the auscultation of patients’ hearts in sitting position. Subsequently, the ZargisCardioscan™ software was used to analyze the heart sounds auscultated by the 3M™ Littmann® Model 3200 stethoscope. Thereafter, the scheduled echocardiography for which the patient had presented to hospital was performed by co-investigator cardiologist who was blinded to the results obtained by the ZargisCardioscan™. Finally, all these data were statistically analyzed by blinded investigator for the presence of correlation between the two modalities. Results The most important finding was the high 90s negative predictive values when the stethoscope-software combination was used for auscultation and analysis of heart murmurs. Additionally, presence of isolated systolic murmurs had higher incidence of appreciable significant valvular lesions and presence of isolated diastolic murmurs primarily had underlying minimal-mild regurgitant valvular lesion, if any. The Bland-Altman Plot confirmed good correlation between stethoscope-echocardiography findings. Conclusion Stethoscope-software combination, 3M™ Littmann® Model 3200 and ZargisCardioscan™, accurately predicts the absence of valvular heart disease on echocardiography. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/nje.v4i3. 10665 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014; 4(3): 363-369
Improved Fully Homomorphic Encryption Algorithm for Cloud Storage

Fully homomorphic encryption has important applications in cloud storage, the cipher text retrieval and other aspects. In order to get a better fully homomorphic encryption scheme for cloud storage, an improved fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme based on DGHV scheme is proposed by analyzing and comparing the existing research situation of fully homomorphic encryption scheme. On the premise of guarantying scheme’s safety, the amount of single encrypted data is increased to 3 bit. Arguably, improving the single encrypted data volume at the same time, the public key, suitable for cloud storage platform, has smaller size, and reduces the computational complexity. Keywords-fully homomorphic encryption; cloud storage; cipher text retrieval
Modulational instability and non-Gaussian statistics in experimental random water-wave trains

We study random, long-crested surface gravity waves in the laboratory environment. Starting with wave spectra characterized by random phases we consider the development of the modulational instability and the consequent formation of large amplitude waves. We address both dynamical and statistical interpretations of the experimental data. While it is well known that the Stokes wave nonlinearity leads to non-Gaussian statistics, we also find that the presence of the modulational instability is responsible for the departure from a Gaussian behavior, indicating that, for particular parameters in the wave spectrum, coherent unstable modes are quite prevalent, leading to the occurrence of what might be called a “rogue sea. ” Statistical results are also compared with ensemble numerical simulations of the Dysthe equation.
Nonlinear Stochastic Analysis for Lateral Vibration of Footbridge under Pedestrian Narrowband Excitation

During the lateral vibration of footbridge, the pedestrian lateral load shows two distinct features: one is the vibration-dependency; another is the narrowband randomness caused by the variability between two subsequent walking steps. In this case, the lateral vibration of footbridge is actually a complicated, nonlinear stochastic system. In this paper, a novel nonlinear stochastic model for lateral vibration of footbridge is proposed, in which a velocity-dependent load model developed from Nakamura model is adopted to represent the pedestrian-bridge interaction and the narrowband stochastic characteristic is considered. The amplitude and phase involved Ito equations are established using the multiscale method. Based on the maximal Lyapunov exponent derived from these equations, the critical condition for triggering a large lateral vibration can be obtained by solving the stability problem. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed, based on performing the case studies of two bridges. Meanwhile, through parameter analysis, the influences of several crucial parameters on the stability of vibration are discussed.
Resonance strategies of Sámi reindeer herders in Northernmost Finland during climatically extreme years

This study focuses on the resonance strategies of Sami reindeer herders in four reindeer-herding cooperatives in northernmost Finland in climatically extreme years, specifically those occurring during the period 1970–2007. “Resonance” is an instinctive and indwelling reaction of a herder to a specific change (in contrast to coping, which is a more general response). The study is based on interviews with herders, field experiences, reindeer population statistics, and weather data. Before the 1960s, herders were able to deal with changing weather conditions by using intensive herding techniques and semi-tame reindeer. After the 1960s, reindeer became wilder because of the use of snowmobiles and more extensive herding techniques. The herders of the fell and forest cooperatives did not have sufficient means to prevent the serious reindeer losses in 1972–74, which resulted from two years of hard snow and ice cover, hot summers, and the free ranging of loose herds. In each of the four cooperatives studied, most of the old siida herds were combined, and one solution to handling large, loose herds was to build fences between cooperatives. Since the 1990s, all four cooperatives have used diverse herding and pasture rotation strategies to cope with the critical winter months. The herding techniques and the human-reindeer relationship in the fell cooperatives have differed from those in the forest cooperatives mainly because of differences in pasture types, topography, and microclimate. The contrast can be seen particularly in snow and ice conditions, as open fell regions have a thin and compact snow cover, whereas forest regions typically have deep, soft snow. This research shows that the resonance strategies of Sami reindeer herders are both heterogeneous and dynamic: herders change them constantly, drawing on both old and new techniques to deal with the variable weather.
Do Associations Explain Mental Models of Cause?

The propositional or rationalist Bayesian approach to learning is contrasted with an interpretation of causal learning in associative terms. A review of the development of the use of rational causal models in the psychology of learning is discussed concluding with the presentation of three areas of research related to cause-effect learning. We explain how rational context choices, a selective association effect (i.e., blocking of inhibition) as well as causal structure can all emerge from processes that can be modeled using elements of standard associative theory. We present the auto-associator (e.g., Baetu & Baker, 2009) as one such simple account of causal structure. Newton’s (1687/1934) laws of motion and gravitation describe a world that is deterministic and rule-based. Apples fall with a regularity and obedience to Newton’s law that would be the envy of any human law-maker. Post-Newtonian physics is still rule-based, although the rules are now stochastic. Newton deduced his laws but all living organisms have evolved mechanisms that internalize these rules. Learning is a mechanism that allows internal adjustments to the physical rules of the environment. Consequently an animal’s behavior can be described by a series of rules that reflect laws of the external physical world or at least transformations or approximations of them. Rules by their nature have a structure and, as such, adaptations to the rules in the world will appear on the surface to involve propositional or inferential processes even when no such processes are involved. Take a simple classical conditioning experiment from Pavlov (1927), where a metronome is regularly followed by food powder. The rules in the world are: if metronome then food, if no metronome then no food. The well-trained dog will come to salivate in the presence of the metronome. In addition to the world’s rule about food, the dog has additional rules and inferences it must make. It must represent some version of the
Electroosmosis with step changes in zeta potential in microchannels

This article presents an analytical solution for two-dimensional fluid flow in a rectangular microchannel in the vicinity of a step change in the zeta (f) potential. The stream function is determined from the creeping flow approximation to the NavierStokes equations assuming a fixed volumetric axial flow, a constant electric field, and thin symmetric double layers. The resulting biharmonic equation is solved using a double-sided Laplace transformation, which is then inverted by Heaviside expansion. The resulting series solution provides closed-form expressions for the velocity and pressure fields that help explain how the recirculating flows generated by an abrupt change in the surface potential may contribute both locally and globally to the hydrodynamic dispersion in straight microchannels. 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 53: 2521–2533, 2007
MICROMORPHOLOGY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF OPUNTIA LITTORALIS ENGLEM. CLADODES

he present study was conducted to investigate the micromorphological structure and phytochemical constituents of Opuntia littoralis stem (cladodes) growing at the western Mediterranean coast of Egypt. The cladodes were collected during the wet season (February) and dry season (September) of 2015. The size of the cladode cells differ from wet to dry season, where both composed of thin cuticle covering the epidermis, hypodermis layer, parenchyma with storage cells and scattered bicollateral vascular bundles. The stem cells facing the sun contain pheloderm layer to protect the plant. The presence of high amounts of calcium oxalate crystals was also demonstrated. Phytochemical screening of Opuntia littoralis cladodes showed that it contains many of active phytochemical constituents such as; flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides, terpens and coumarines.
A comparison of the UK Standard Assessment Procedure and detailed simulation of solar energy systems for dwellings

The drive to reduce worldwide carbon emissions that are directly associated with dwellings and to achieve a zero carbon home dictates that renewable energy technologies will have an increasingly large role in the built environment. The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP), formulated by the Building Research Establishment (BRE), is the UK Government's approved methodology for assessing the energy ratings of dwellings. This article presents an evaluation of the advantage given to SAP ratings by the domestic installation of typical photovoltaic (PV) and solar domestic hot-water (SDHW) systems in the UK. Comparable PV and SDHW systems will also be simulated with more detailed modelling packages. Results suggest that calculation variances can exist between the SAP methodology and detailed simulation methods, especially for higher performance systems that deviate from the default efficiency parameters.
Distributional patterns of deep-sea coral assemblages in three submarine canyons off Newfoundland, Canada

Deep-sea corals are fragile and long-lived species that provide important habitat for a variety of taxa. The rarity of in situ observations in deep waters off Newfoundland, Canada, motivated the first extensive deep-sea research cruise to that region in 2007. We conducted 7 dives in 3 canyons (Haddock Channel, Halibut Channel, and Desbarres Canyon) with ROPOS (Remotely Operated Platform for Ocean Science). Over 160 000 coral colonies were enumerated and, of the 28 species found, Acanella arbuscula, Pennatula spp. , and Flabellum spp. were most frequently observed. The largest coral observed was Keratoisis grayi at over 2 m in height. Corals spanned the entire depth range sampled (351 to 2245 m) and inhabited all bottom types surveyed, but boulder and cobble habitats were most species-rich. Assemblages differed significantly with depth class and bottom type. The unique assemblage at outcrops was strongly driven by the presence of Desmophyllum dianthus. Keratoisis grayi, D. dianthus, and Anthomastus spp. were largely absent in mud-sand habitats. Sea pen meadows covered large tracts of muddy seafloor spanning >1 km. Acanella arbuscula and Flabellum spp. characterised large coral fields with abundant corals but relatively low species richness. These results highlight not only the importance of hard structure in determining patterns of coral distributions, abundances, and assemblages, but also the need to focus conservation efforts on a variety of habitats to ensure protection for the full suite of deep-sea coral species.
Leviathan governments and public debt

Casual observation suggests that governments are not as willing to save as they are to spend. The paper analyzes the dynamics of public spending, taxation and debt in a political agency model. Policy choices are made by short-lived politicians who can be only partially controlled through the electoral process. The main focus of the paper is to consider the impacts of binding limits on the public budget. A unique budget restriction that optimizes citizen welfare is shown to exist. The model characterizes the trade ofi between the beneflts of better politician control and the cost that such restrictions will have in times of scarcity. The value of a limit depends both on the extent to which politicians goals deviate from their constituencies and how efiectively the electoral process disciplines them when they misbehave. The results also suggest that the value of such a restriction depends on the flscal position at the time in which it is imposed. In particular, the value of constraining politicians depends positively on the size of current public asset holdings.
Synthesis of All Stereoisomers of Eudesm-11-en-4-ol. 2. Total Synthesis of Selin-11-en-4α-ol, Intermedeol, Neointermedeol, and Paradisiol. First Total Synthesis of Amiteol

The syntheses of (±)-selin-11-en-4α-ol (5), (±)-intermedeol (6), (±)-neointermedeol (7), (±)-amiteol (9), and the four remaining unnatural stereoisomers (±)-paradisiol (8), (±)-7-epi-amiteol (10), (±)-5-epi-neointermedeol (11), and (±)-5-epi-paradisiol (12) are described. In addition, the related (±)-evuncifer ether (25) has been prepared. The syntheses started from the octahydro-8-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-2(1H)-naphthalenones 1-4. The reaction sequence employed for the synthesis of 5, 7, 9, and 12 involved Wittig reaction, oxidative hydroboration, oxidation, equilibration, and olefination. For the synthesis of 6, 8, 10, and 11 the interim equilibration step was omitted. The oxidative hydroboration was the key step in these syntheses.