Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Comorbidities and Immune Cellular Response in Biopsies and Surgical Resections of Gout

Background: There are many published studies of comorbidities and in vitro analysis of inflammatory mechanism in gout, but only few in vivo tissue examinations for immune response cells were reported. The association of comorbidities and immune cell response has not been well documented. Our objective is to examine the immune cell types and quantity in gout tissue, identify clinical parameters of gout associated risk factors in corresponding patients, and analyze the association of individual cell type with comorbidities. Methods: Biopsied or resected tissues from 33 patients diagnosed as gout were used for this study. Cell count was performed on Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections for macrophages, plasma cells, neutrophils and on immunostained slides for T- and B-lymphocyte. Results: The mean patient age was 62 year-old with 57.6% patients over 60 year-old. Mean serum uric acid level was 8.5 mg/dl. The average body mass index was 30.6 kg/m2. Majority of the patients had history of hypertension (93.9%). There were 34.4% and 28.1% of patients admitted history of smoking and alcohol intake, respectively. Hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus were seen in 78.8% and 45.5% of patients, respectively. H and E stained sections demonstrated the crystalline deposits rimmed by palisading multinucleated giant cells, macrophages, and chronic inflammatory cells. Average cell counts of T-cells, B-cells, multinucleated giant cells, mononucleated macrophages, plasma cells and neutrophils are: 33.0, 11.8, 7.3, 26.8, 0.38, and 7.4 cells/ High Power Field respectively. Of significant values are associations of plasma cells and B-cell with hypertension, T-cell with hyperlipidemia, uric acid with smoking as well as multinucleated giant cells with uric acid. Conclusion: Most of the gout patients showed an elevated uric acid level. The participating inflammatory cells in local tissues were predominantly T-lymphocytes, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Comorbidity factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking and drinking may precipitate gout by stimulating immune cell proliferation.
Strategies for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

The DECODE (Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in Europe) study provides a clear overview of the outcomes of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in terms of cardiovascular mortality in a European population. The study demonstrates that the presence of the metabolic syndrome doubles the risk of cardiovascular mortality, with a stronger effect in women than in men.1 Although each individual component of the metabolic syndrome confers an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, this is not as pronounced as when the metabolic syndrome itself is present. The more the components of the metabolic syndrome, the higher cardiovascular mortality.1 In addition, DECODE also demonstrates that the combination of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes leads to a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality, with this risk again being higher in women ( Table 1 ). Life expectancy for people with type 2 diabetes is decreased by 5–10 years and adults with diabetes have an annual mortality of about 5.4%, which is double the rate for non-diabetic adults.2,3 View this table: Table 1 Relative risk for mortality in subjects with either metabolic syndrome, or diabetes, or both1 The often devastating impact of these conditions has led to much interest in how outcomes for people with type 2 diabetes can be improved and how type 2 diabetes can be prevented in the first place. ### Lifestyle interventions A number of studies have now demonstrated the efficacy of specific, goal-oriented lifestyle interventions in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. This is clearly demonstrated by the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS),4 in which 522 middle-aged, overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)5 were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. Each subject in the intervention group received individualized counselling6 aimed at reducing weight and intake of total and …
Comparison of Cardiorespiratory Performances to Incremental Shuttle Walk Test And Six Minute Walk Test In COPD Patients- Cross Sectional Comparative Study

Introduction- Field walking test such as the 6 minute walk test and incremental shuttle walk test are usually used in pulmonary rehabilitation as both assessment tools for exercise capacity as well as outcome measures in pulmonary rehabilitation program. Design: - 40 patients were selected, Selection was made out of patients with COPD that had required hospitalization and examined before hospital discharge after acute exacerbation of COPD. Methods: Pulmonary function tests was performed the day before the study protocol. Pretest measurement of Resting heart rate, Rate of perceived exertion, Oxygen saturation. 6MWT or ISWT done less than 24 hours apart. Difference in Peak HR, Heart Rate Recovery, RPE, Distance Covered and Oxygen Saturation between the 6MWT and ISWT were tested by using ‘Z’ test. Coefficient of Variance was used to conclude which test is better than the other. Results: By applying Coefficient of Variation Technique it is seen that coefficient of variance of ISWT for Peak HR, RPE, and oxygen saturation is equal to coefficient of variance of 6MWT. Conclusion- ISWT and 6MWT induces a similar cardio-respiratory performance in patients of COPD, both test can be used to challenge patient to a certain level of cardio-respiratory stress.
Is there a need for a European doctorate in health promotion and public health?

Objectives: This paper summarises the context and rationale behind developing a European doctorate in health promotion and public health and its relevance to the international context. Since no Pan-European doctorate exists to date, a network of universities and higher education institutions across Europe has been working towards the establishment of a European doctorate in health promotion and public health. This paper describes the consensus-building process among this network of core stakeholders, combining key learning outcomes with the results of a scoping study. We critically examine some of the challenges encountered and discuss the potential need for such a doctoral level qualification. Methods: The consensus-building process included several meetings as well as a qualitative scoping study, consisting of nine qualitative interviews with and two written responses from different stakeholders in the area of doctoral education. Results: We describe the different requirements, benefits and challenges linked to the development of a European doctorate in health promotion and public health that were identified within the consensus-building process and in the qualitative data. Conclusion: Overall, the benefits identified suggest that a European doctorate in health promotion and public health would be a positive and progressive initiative. However, the potential added value and the demand for such a doctorate still need to be examined.
Bacterial contamination of operating theatre and other specialized care unit in a tertiary hospital in Northeastern Nigeria

Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Intensive care Unit, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. School of Perioperative, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Department of Peadiatrics, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Road traffic accident deaths as seen in a Tertiary Health Centre Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos, North central, Nigeria

World wide, road traffic accidents have contributed significantly to morbidity and mortality in all regions. With the increase in population, indulgence in alcohol and drug intoxication, increased civilization with consequent increase in the number of vehicles worldwide, road traffic accidents have increased enormously with developing nations worst hit. Several persons have lost their lives in an attempt to move from one place to the other. Most of these deaths are medicolegal in nature as they occur immediately at the scene of the accident or within 24 h of patients’ admission in any health facility following the accident. This has resulted to increased litigation in our courts of law. This paper aims to analyze some demographic features- age, sex and the mode of road traffic accidents in our environment. Key words: Road traffic accident, deaths, Jos.
Investigations into the sentential calculus with identity

The sentential calculus with identity (SCI) is obtained from the classical sentential calculus by adding a new "identity connective" = and axioms which say "p = q" means "p is identical to q". The second author was led to a study of this calculus by a desire to formalize part of the Ontology of Wittgenstein's Tracίatus (see [7], [8]). Aside from this somewhat uncommon beginning, we think that there are independent reasons for studying the SCI. Firstly, it seems to be as general as a sentential logic can get: both classical and modal theories may bε developed in it and (by weakening an axiom) intuitionist theories as well. Furthermore, the study of its interpretations leads to interesting mathematical problems, (e.g. concerning topological Boolean algebras) and sheds light on why the classical sentential calculus is so well-behaved. Some people, upon discovering that the identity connective was not truth-functional, have thought that SCI is an intens tonal logic. We emphatically deny this. The essence of intensionality is that the rule "equals may be replaced by equals" fails. However, this rule does hold in the SCI (see the remarks following 1.3). The paper is divided into four sections. The first is a collection of most of the basic definitions and theorems. The second and third sections discuss the questions of decidability and adequacy. The last section presents a particular theory built in the logic of the SCI. We have omitted most proofs in 1 to keep the size of the paper within reasonable bounds.
Optimal surgical technique, use of intra-operative cholangiography (IOC), and management of acute gallbladder disease: the results of a nation-wide survey in the UK and Ireland.

INTRODUCTION There is debate on optimal techniques that reduce bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). A national survey of Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS) members was carried out to determine current surgical practice for gallstones, including the use of intra-operative cholangiography (IOC) or critical view of safety to reduce the risk of bile duct injury. SUBJECTS AND METHODS An anonymous postal survey was sent to all 417 AUGIS members. Data on grade of surgeon, place of work (district general hospital, teaching), subspecialty, number LC per year, use of IOC, critical view of safety, and management of stones detected during surgery were collated. RESULTS There was a 36% (152/417) response - 134 (88%) from consultant surgeons (36, HPB; 106,OG; 64, DGH; 88, teaching hospital). Of these, 38% performed > 100 LC per year, 36% 50-100 LC per year, and 22% 25-50 LC per year. IOC was routine for 24%; and selective for 72%. Critical view of Calot's triangle was advocated by 82%. Overall, 55% first clip and divide the cystic artery, whereas 41% first clip and divide the cystic duct. Some 39% recommend IOC and 23% pre-operative MRCP if dilated common bile duct (CBD) is noted on pre-operative ultrasound. When bile duct stones are identified on IOC, 61% perform laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE), 25% advise postoperative ERCP, and 13% perform either LCBDE or ERCP. Overall, 88% (n = 134) recommend index cholecystectomy for acute pathology, and this is more likely in a teaching hospital setting (P = 0.003). Laparoscopic CBD exploration was more likely to be performed in university hospitals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A wide dissection of Calot's triangle to provide a critical view of safety is the technique most commonly recommended by AUGIS surgeons (83%) to minimise risk of bile duct injury, in contrast to 24% that recommend routine IOC. The majority (88%) of AUGIS surgeons advise index admission cholecystectomy for acute gallbladder disease.
Pandangan Disabilitas dan Aksesibilitas Fasilitas Publik bagi Penyandang Disabilitas di Kota Malang

The paper traces how people in Malang percieve people with disabilities, therefore it looks for the base-line of accessibility on public services for people with disabilities as well. It’s nased on a reseach used a quantitaif method in which we use samples based on the standard regulated by goverment. On the other hand, a survey on perception of people with disability in Malang, it used clustering method which is investigating disability issues to people in Malang based on area already pointed out. Our Finding shows that people in Malang beleived that people with disabilities are “unperfect people”, therefe they still beleive on special schools. The other results showed that public services in Malang are not accessible for people with disabilities. The trend data showed that almost of public facilities are categorized as “not accesible”, only some can be categorized as “less-accesibble” and 0% of public facilities are “accessible.
Physical Activity Level, Sport Participation, and Parental Education Level in Turkish Junior High School Students

This study examined physical activity level, sport participation, and parental education level in 333 female and 359 male Turkish junior high school students. Student’s physical activity level, sport participation, and parental education level were determined by a questionnaire with three sections. Independent samples t-test results revealed higher physical activity level and chi-square results indicated higher sport participation for boys when compared with girls. In addition significant negative correlations have been found between MET values and father and mother education for the total sample and for female students; however, negative correlations between MET values and parental education were not significant for boys.
Sexual satisfaction among Turkish obese women

Objective: The aim was to assess the sexual functions and satisfaction among obese women. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among 176 married women from Aladag region, Turkey in 2010. Grade of obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio, while sexual satisfaction was assessed by Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). Results: The average score of GRISS scale is 47.35 ΁ 5.83. A significant correlation has been discovered between BMIs and GRISS total scores of the women (r = 0.339, P = 0.000). GRISS, strongly correlated with high BMI in women. Furthermore, there is a significant correlation between the sub-scales of GRISS. There was a strong and inverse correlation between BMI and communication (r = −0.148, P = 0.005), satisfaction (r = −0.382, P = 0.000) and positive correlation avoidance (r = 0.406, P = 0.000) and BMI. Conclusion: This study revealed that women with high BMI showed less sexual satisfaction, which requires further studies in this regard.
Association between Knowledge and Drug Adherence in Patients with Hypertension in Quetta, Pakistan

Purpose : To evaluate the association between patient’s knowledge of hypertension management and medication adherence. Methods : A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 385 hypertensive patients who visited outpatient departments in two public hospitals in Quetta City, Pakistan. Besides demographic and disease-related questions, two validated questionnaires (Hypertension Fact Questionnaire and Drug Attitude Inventory) were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were to determine the demographic and disease characteristics of the patients while Spearman rank correlation was employed to measure the association between knowledge and drug adherence. Results : Out of 385 patients, 236 (61.3 %) of the patients had average knowledge about hypertension while 249 (64.7 %) were categorized as poor adherent. No patient was considered as good adherent in the study. Correlation coefficient between total score of knowledge and total adherence was – 0.170 (p Conclusion : Although the level of knowledge was average, patients were unsure of the benefits of continuous medication use which resulted in non-adherence to regimens. Educating patients about the benefits of medications and clarifying doubts regarding medication use should result in better control of hypertension.
VIEWS OF TEHRANI COUPLES AND EXPERTS ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN IRAN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Background and Aim: Domestic violence against women is a major health problem, as well as a violation of human rights. It adversely affects the physical, mental, and social well being of women, families and communities. This phenomenon exists in all countries around the world. Although its prevalence, strength, types, effects, and risk factors are different, it is not limited to any geographical zone or distinct social class. This article presents the views of Tehrani couples and experts on underlying factors causing domestic violence against women in Iran and action to be taken for prevention. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was carried out through eight FGD meetings, in 2 days, with the participation of 50 couples. The couples were divided into 8 groups based on sex, education, and history of violence. Results of the FDGs were categorized and analyzed. Data were discussed in group meetings of 50 experts in different fields, such as health, medicine, law, education, and Islamic studies, from academic, policy making, governmental executive, and women's affairs organizations, divided into three groups of community general education and information dissemination, health system, and judiciary system. Results were discussed and finalized in a general meeting. Results: The couples and experts identified underlying factors in 4 categories socio-cultural, economic, legal, and medical. Actions to be taken for prevention and control were believed to be educational, legal, and supporting services. Conclusion: On the basis of the findings of this study, it was suggested that strategies/actions/services to solve the problem and reduce harm should include providing appropriate information and education for couples and the community; emphasizing the health system responsibility; empowering physicians and other health personnel to help women who are victims or susceptible to domestic violence; legal transparency and reforms; meeting legal needs; law reinforcement and implementation; providing safe shelters for victims; and establishment of a national center for research and planning on violence. Language: fa
Renal transplantationin the rabbit: a model for preservationstudies

Summary Transplantation is necessary for evaluation of kidney preservation procedures, and a model using a small laboratory animal is desirable. The rabbit was found to be a suitable animal for this purpose. Even long periods of anaesthesia without artificial respiration were safely achieved. Hydration and serum electrolytes could be maintained within normal ranges with intravenous injections of isotonic saline and dextrose during and after the operation. The kidneys were implanted by anastomosing the artery and vein end-to-side to the abdominal aorta and the posterior vena cava respectively. The ureter was implanted into the bladder over a nylon stent. In a recent 100 transplantations the incidence of vascular thrombosis was low (4 %), but rather more (10%) mainly late ureteral complications were encountered. Transplanted kidneys showed good function with mean peak serum creatinines of 285 /lmol/I and normal macroscopic and histological appearance at autopsy. In order to evaluate the applicability of experimental kidney storage procedures, it is necessary to test the functional capacity of the' preserved organs. Tests ranging from assessment of physiological functions of the entire organ during normothermic perfusion
An analysis of clinical consultation activities in clinical pathology: who requests help and why.

OBJECTIVES To examine the distribution of callers who made consultation requests and to identify associations between caller categories and consultation topics. METHODS Review of prospectively collected database of consultations. RESULTS Direct care personnel made more consultation requests than non-direct care personnel. Consultation topics varied by caller type. Direct care personnel requested more consultations on test interpretation and few consultations on test selection than laboratory personnel. Differences in consultation requests by primary care physicians and specialists were significant. CONCLUSIONS At our laboratory, consultation requests primarily originate from primary care physicians. Consultation requests vary by caller type.
Immunosuppressive effects of erythropoietin on human alloreactive T cells.

Correction of anemia with erythropoietin (EPO) is associated with improved kidney transplant outcomes. Emerging evidence, predominantly from animal models, indicates that these observations may be erythropoiesis-independent and that EPO exhibits immunosuppressive properties. We examined the effects of EPO on human T-cell alloimmunity by first documenting that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells express EPO receptor (EPO-R) on their surfaces. In mixed lymphocyte reactions, EPO induced a dose-dependent decrease in allogeneic CD4(+) T-cell proliferation (EPO 1000 U/ml: 44.6%±22.9% of vehicle, P<0.05; 2000 U/ml: 11.1%±4% of vehicle, P<0.001) without inducing cell death. The effects required signals transmitted directly through the EPO-R expressed on T cells, resulting in diminished Th1 differentiation without effects on regulatory T-cell induction. Mechanistic studies revealed that EPO prevented IL-2-induced proliferation by uncoupling IL-2 receptor signaling, inhibiting phosphorylation of the intracellular intermediaries AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase that are known to mediate T-cell expansion. EPO treatment reduced expansion of human naïve CD4(+) T cells after adoptive transfer into NOD scid γc(null) mouse recipients, verifying the effects in vivo. Although activated T cells expressed CD131, an alternative EPO receptor, addition of a specific CD131 agonist peptide, ARA290, did not alter T-cell proliferation or cytokine production. Our findings link EPO-R signaling on T cells to inhibition of T-cell immunity, providing one mechanism that could explain the observed protective effects of EPO in kidney transplant recipients.
Radical Vaginal Trachelectomy Combined with Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

Objective: To describe the procedure of radical vaginal trachelectomy combined with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy, its safety, and side effects for treatment of early stage cervical cancer in patients who met the procedure's criteria. Methods: This study was conducted on 10 patients with early stage cervical cancer at Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin-Germany between February 2011 and February 2012. A total of 10 patients were studied according to the protocol, all of them underwent radical vaginal trachelectomy combined with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for early stage cervical cancer and where seeking parenthood and followed up for its safety, and side effects. Results: Radical vaginal trachelectomy combined with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy was an easy procedure with minimal blood loss; the average operating time was about 181 minutes, 80% of cases were squamous cell carcinoma, diagnosed by cone biopsy, while 20% were adenocarcinoma diagnosed by punch biopsy. Two cases were complicated by postoperative pelvic abscess and urinary tract infection and were managed accordingly.