Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SYMPTOMATIC VITREOMACULAR ADHESION

Background: Symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion describes symptomatic loss of visual function as a result of vitreous traction at the macula. Methods: Literature review. Results: Symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion can occur in isolation as vitreomacular traction, which may lead to the development of a macular hole, or it may occur alongside epiretinal membrane. It is likely to be associated with age-related macular degeneration and possibly diabetic maculopathy, although this is less certain. The treatment depends largely on the cause, but options include observation, vitrectomy, and pharmacologic vitreolysis. Small uncontrolled trials have also explored the use of an intravitreal gas bubble as a means of releasing VMA. If all cases of sVMA are considered together, then the burden of illness is substantial, with a prevalence of ∼0.35 per 100 population (excluding epiretinal membrane). Furthermore, there may be many more cases of undiagnosed sVMA. Conclusion: The recent introduction of ocriplasmin is likely to increase interest in sVMA. Clinical trials suggest that it has a role in the treatment of vitreomacular traction and Stages 1 to 3 macular holes but not primarily as a treatment of epiretinal membrane. Its role in other diseases associated with VMA remains to be determined.
Early spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy.

Unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) is a rare disorder that affects young people presenting with an acute onset of unilateral central visual loss often associated with a prodromal flu-like illness. Coxsackievirus infection is considered as the cause of UAIM. The disease is characterized by a spontaneous recovery over several weeks. Previous spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic studies have reported abnormal heterogenous hyperreflective thickening at the level of the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium in the foveal region during the acute phase. However, direct visualization of outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium edema has not been reported so far. Here, we report the very early macular changes in UAIM. A 30-year-old man clinically diagnosed with UAIM (previous flu-like symptoms and elevated coxsackievirus A16 antibody titers) underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination 3 hours after the onset of symptoms. Fundus biomicroscopy revealed a yellowish white lesion in the right macula (Figure 1A). Fluorescein angiography revealed late hyperfluorescence form the macular lesion (Figure 1B). Indocyanine green angiography revealed a persistent hypofluorescent lesion surrounded by a hyperfluorescent halo (Figure 1C). Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis HRA + OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) performed at presentation showed the swelling of the outer retina with the inner segment/outer segment junction that appeared elevated and disrupted (Figure 1D). Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography also revealed hyperreflective exudation and a pocket of hyporeflective fluid in the subretinal space (Figure 1D). Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography revealed a subfoveal thickened choroid (Figure 1, E and F). Three weeks later, visual symptoms spontaneously regressed, and spectraldomain optical coherence tomography showed resolution of the outer retina swellingand reabsorption of both the hyperreflective exudation and the pocket of hyporeflective fluid (Figure 2A). The inner segment/ outer segment junction elevation/disruption almost completely regressed and a thickening and slight elevation of the retinal pigment epithelium developed (Figure 2, A and B). To our knowledge, there are no other reports of the acute phase of UAIM showing the very early macular changes such as outer retina swelling and hyperreflective exudation with hyporeflective fluid in the subretinal space. These findings, together with the choroidal thickening, the inner segment/outer segment junction elevation, and disruption, suggest that the choroid might the primary originating anatomical site of the disease process.
Genetic susceptibility of lung cancer associated with common variants in the 3′ untranslated regions of the adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) and ABCC1 candidate transporter genes for carcinogen export

Tobacco‐specific nitrosamine 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NKK) is a well defined carcinogen that can induce lung cancer. Genetic polymorphisms in its disposition pathways could modify the risk of developing lung cancer. The authors of this report previously catalogued the sequence variations of the adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) and ABCC1 candidate transporter genes for carcinogen export in the Chinese population and screened out common variants with potential function in their 5′ flanking and 3′ untranslated regions. The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that these common variants are associated with lung cancer risk.
CORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL CELL DENSITY AFTER VITRECTOMY WITH SILICONE OIL FOR COMPLEX RETINAL DETACHMENTS

Purpose: To evaluate the endothelial cell density changes in eyes with silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy for complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: A prospective controlled study with 81 eyes with complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment undergoing vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade. Fellow eyes that fulfilled specific inclusion criteria served as controls. Endothelial cell density (in cells per square millimeter), coefficient of variance (standard deviation per mean cell area × 100), percentage of hexagonal cells, and corneal thickness were documented preoperatively and compared with values obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. For the purpose of the study analysis, all study eyes were divided into 5 groups, according to their lens status during the follow-up. Results: High endothelial cell density loss was found in Group 3, (eyes that underwent an additional phacoemulsification procedure) and Group 4 (eyes that underwent lens and/or intraocular lens removal during the follow-up) at 12 months with a mean cell loss of 19% and 39%, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: An intact natural or artificial lens–iris diaphragm may provide a protective barrier against corneal endothelial cell damage from long-term silicone oil tamponade.
EFFECT OF COMBINED CATARACT SURGERY AND RANIBIZUMAB INJECTION IN POSTOPERATIVE MACULAR EDEMA IN NONPROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Purpose: To evaluate whether intravitreal ranibizumab injection at cataract surgery prevents postoperative diabetic macular edema (PME) in patients with stable diabetic retinopathy without significant macular edema. Methods: Eighty patients with cataract, stable diabetic retinopathy, and no significant macular edema were randomized to a sham group (cataract surgery only) or a group undergoing cataract surgery plus intraoperative ranibizumab injection. Best-corrected visual acuities, central subfield thickness, and total macular volume were assessed at baseline and 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Clinically meaningful PME (central subfield thickness increase >60 &mgr;m relative to baseline) was computed. Results: The groups did not differ in baseline best-corrected visual acuity, central subfield thickness, and total macular volume. Compared with the ranibizumab injection group, the sham group had significantly larger central subfield thickness increases relative to baseline at 1 week and 1 month; larger total macular volume increases at all time points (P = 0.012, P = 0.005, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.005, P = 0.017, respectively); higher PME frequency at 1 month (P = 0.019); and poorer best-corrected visual acuity improvement from baseline to 6 months after surgery (P = 0.046). Conclusion: In patients with stable diabetic retinopathy without significant macular edema, intravitreal ranibizumab injection at cataract surgery may prevent the postoperative worsening of macular edema and may improve the final visual outcome without affecting safety.
CHANGING PROFILE OF ORGANISMS CAUSING SCLERAL BUCKLE INFECTIONS: A Clinico-microbiological Case Series

Purpose: To study the microbiological spectrum and in vitro susceptibility of bacterial isolates from explanted scleral buckles and to correlate clinical presentation to the causative agent. Method: Medical records of patients who underwent buckle explantation from July 2007 to May 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical features and microbiological profile were noted and correlated. Results: Twenty of 24 buckles (83.33%) from 24 patients grew 21 isolates. Isolates included 6 acid-fast bacilli (28.57%; atypical mycobacteria = 5, Nocardia asteroides = 1), 5 gram-positive bacilli (23.8%; Corynebacterium spp. = 4, Bacillus sp. = 1), 4 gram-positive cocci (19.0%; Staphylococcus spp. = 4), 2 gram-negative bacilli (9.5%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa = 2), and 4 fungi (19.0%; Aspergillus spp. = 3, Paecilomyces sp. = 1). Acid-fast bacilli and gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to amikacin and gram-positive bacilli and gram-positive cocci to vancomycin. Buckle exposure within 2 years of primary surgery tended to be noninfective (P = 0.06). Fungal or mycobacterial infections were more symptomatic than those with Corynebacterium species. Results of microscopic examination of conjunctival swab in 5 of 7 eyes (71.4%) were consistent with culture of conjunctival swab and explanted buckles. Conclusion: Clinical features and microscopic examination of conjunctival swab may give a lead toward the causative organism in suspected buckle infections. Based on these leads, vancomycin and amikacin may be used as the initial empirical therapy.
Epidemiological association between C‐reactive protein and prostate‐specific antigen

whichshowsthatelevatedplasmaC-reactiveprotein(CRP)con-centrations appear to be a strong predictor of poor sur-vivalinmenwithprostatecancer.Weperformeda1-yearretrospectiveanalysis(June2007-June2008),onthedata-base of our Laboratory Information System, to retrievecombined results of CRP and prostate-specific antigen(PSA) performed on outpatients aged older than 35 yearswhohadbeenreferredtoourlaboratorybygeneralpracti-tioners for PSA screening. Patients were clustered accord-ing to their PSA value.
CLINICAL COURSE OF VITREOMACULAR ADHESION MANAGED BY INITIAL OBSERVATION

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical course of patients with idiopathic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA). Methods: A noncomparative case series of patients who had clinical symptoms and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings consistent with VMA. The VMA was graded based on the optical coherence tomography findings at initial and follow-up examinations. Grade 1 was incomplete cortical vitreous separation with attachment at the fovea, Grade 2 was the Grade 1 findings and any intraretinal cysts or clefts, and Grade 3 was the Grade 2 findings and the presence of subretinal fluid. Results: One hundred and six eyes of 81 patients were identified as having VMA by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at 3 retina clinics. The mean age was 73 years and the mean time of follow-up was 23 months. Forty-three eyes (41%) had Grade 1 VMA, 56 eyes (52%) had Grade 2 VMA, and 7 eyes (7%) had Grade 3 VMA. By the last follow-up, spontaneous release of VMA occurred in 34 eyes (32%), and pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 5 eyes (4.7%). Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.269 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution or 20/37 at baseline (range, 20/20–20/200) and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.251 or 20/35 at the last examination (range, 20/20–20/400). Conclusion: In this selected patient cohort with mild symptoms, the clinical course of patients with VMA managed by initial observation was generally favorable.
ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS IN THE KOREAN POPULATION: A Six-Year Retrospective Study

Purpose: To identify the clinical features, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors of endogenous endophthalmitis in multiple tertiary referral centers of South Korea over a 6-year period. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of medical records of 57 eyes of 43 patients diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis from January 2005 to December 2011, which was referred to tertiary referral centers. Results: Fifty-seven cases of 43 patients were followed for a mean of 18.7 months (range, 0.5–50 months). The common underlying diseases were diabetes mellitus (46.5%) and liver cirrhosis (20.93%). Liver abscess (39.5%) was the most common infection source. Among prognostic factors, the initial visual acuity was associated with favorable visual outcome significantly (P < 0.001). Endogeneous endophthalmitis with gram-negative bacteria had worse visual outcomes than gram-positive bacteria or fungus (P = 0.014). Conclusion: Similar to the findings of previous East Asian studies, this study showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common causative organism of endogenous endophthalmitis and liver abscess was the most common infection focus. Although endogenous endophthalmitis is generally associated with poor visual acuity outcomes, the prognosis depends mainly on the initial visual acuity and the pathogen.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with main portal vein tumor thrombus

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with main portal vein tumor thrombus (MPVTT) is often associated with poor prognosis. We retrospectively assessed the effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stenting and transarterial chemoembolization (PTPVS‐TACE) combined with or without 3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3‐DCRT) for HCC with MPVTT.
Income and growth retardation in poor families with similar living conditions in rural Guatemala

The relationship between annual family per capita income (AFPCI) and growth retardation in children as ascertained by weight for age (W/A), height for age (H/A) and weight for height (W/H) was studied in families residing in coffee plantations in Guatemala. When W/A and H/A are correlated with AFPCI, significant differences are observed (P 0.05). When AFPCI data are divided by quartiles of income levels, the prevalence of growth retardation is reduced as AFPCI increases. An age dependent effect does exist, since no differences in W/A, H/A and W/H are observed by levels of AFPCI in children 3–30 months; but in older children (36–60 months of age) marked differences are detected. Some mechanisms related to the AFPCI's effect on children's growth in families regarded as homogeneous in terms of living conditions are discussed.
Long‐term outcome for men with teratoma found at postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

Patients with pure teratoma within the postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC‐RPLND) specimen traditionally have been considered at low risk for disease progression. The objectives of this study were to determine the disease‐related outcomes of patients who had pure teratoma identified at the time of PC‐RPLND and to examine the prognostic value of clinical variables that were identified previously as important predictors of disease recurrence in these patients.
Fertility after Bilateral Cryptorchidism

Purpose: Evaluation of the fertility of a cohort of formerly bilaterally cryptorchid men in comparison with a group of formerly unilaterally cryptorchid men, and a group of control men. Materials and Methods: Using a detailed questionnaire concerning paternity and factors related to paternity, a cohort of formerly bilateral cryptorchid men were studied and compared with men who had undergone orchiopexy for unilateral cryptorchidism, and a group of control men. All study subjects had had surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. , between 1955 and 1975. A subset of the full cohort underwent clinical evaluation that included a physical examination, serum hormonal determination and semen analyses. Results: Paternity rates are significantly lower among the formerly bilaterally cryptorchid men who have attempted to father a child (65.3%) as compared to the formerly unilaterally cryptorchid (89.7%; p < 0.001) and control men (93.2%; p < 0.001). Differences in the ability to father children are also apparent when semen and hormone levels are compared between the three groups. The bilateral group has significantly lower sperm density and inhibin B levels, and higher FSH and LH levels, than the unilateral and control groups. Conclusions: Men born with bilateral cryptorchidism have severely compromised fertility in adulthood. This reduction in fertility is clearly shown in comparisons of both paternity rates, and in semen and hormone analyses, between the formerly bilateral, formerly unilateral, and control groups.
Increased vascular endothelial growth factor level in the subretinal fluid of eye with vasoproliferative retinal tumors.

PURPOSE To describe a level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the subretinal fluid obtained from a case with vasoproliferative retinal tumors (VPRTs). METHODS A 30-year-old male patient presented with VPRTs subsequent to long-standing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. RESULTS The patient was treated with encircling scleral buckling, cryopexy, and intravitreal bevacizumab injection. The protein level of VEGF in the subretinal fluid was measured and compared with those in the subretinal fluid obtained from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Vascular endothelial growth factor level in the subretinal fluid from a patient with VPRTs was 12,997.9 pg/mL, whereas the mean VEGF concentration in the subretinal fluid from 4 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was 2.1 ± 2.8 pg/mL. CONCLUSION The current data provide the evidence that VEGF production has increased in eyes with VPRTs and anti-VEGF therapy is theoretically effective for the treatment of VPRTs.
The role of macrophage inhibitory factor in tumorigenesis and central nervous system tumors

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been described as a protein that plays an important role in both innate and acquired immunity. Further research has shown that MIF plays a particularly critical part in cell cycle regulation and therefore in tumorigenesis as well. Over the past few years, the significance of the role of MIF in a variety of both solid and hematologic tumors has been established. More recently, interest has increased in the role of MIF in the development of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, in which it appears to influence cell cycle control. In addition, MIF has been identified as an essential actor in metastasis and angiogenesis. Vascular growth factor concentration raises because of increased levels of MIF in brain tumors. Recently, the MIF receptor complex has been described, and it appears that this may be a suitable drug target for treatment of brain tumors. In light of these findings, the authors chose to conduct a systematic search for information regarding MIF that has been published within the past 15 years using the terms “inflammation,” “glioblastoma,” “brain tumor,” “astrocytoma,” “microglia,” “glioblastoma,” “immune system and brain tumors,” “glioblastoma and MIF,” and “brain tumor and MIF. ” The aim of this article was thus to present a detailed review of current knowledge regarding the role of MIF in CNS tumor pathophysiology. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Tardive dyskinesia in geriatric patients

Tardive (late-onset) dyskinesia (abnormal involuntary movement) is a debilitating and potentially irreversible hyperkinetic abnormal involuntary movement disorder caused by sustained exposure to antipsychotic medication. Tardive dyskinesia can affect any body region and possible associated features include unintelligible speech, respiratory distress and falls, as well as guilt, anger and depression. The diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia is one of exclusion, requiring complete physical and neurological examination and laboratory testing. Tardive dyskinesia rates with conventional antipsychotics vary from 2.9–29%. In older patients the incidence is much higher and increases with duration of exposure. Tardive dyskinesia risk appears to be substantially reduced with the atypical antipsychotics. Patient factors associated with tardive dyskinesia risk include increased age, psychiatric diagnosis, female sex, diabetes, organic brain damage, development of other neurological side effects (e.g., extrapyramidal), and.
Breast and prostate cancer survival in Michigan

Racial disparities in survival from breast and prostate cancer are well established; however, the roles of societal/socioeconomic factors and innate/genetic factors in explaining the disparities remain unclear. One approach for evaluating the relative importance of societal and innate factors is to quantify how the magnitude of racial disparities changes according to the geographic scales at which data are aggregated. Disappearance of racial disparities for some levels of aggregation would suggest that modifiable factors not inherent at the individual level are responsible for the disparities.
Melhora da qualidade de vida em crianças após adenoamigdalectomia

O aumento de volume das tonsilas palatina e faringea e um dos problemas mais frequentes do consultorio do otorrinolaringologista e e a principal causa de apneia obstrutiva do sono em criancas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da adenoamigdalectomia na qualidade de vida em criancas com hiperplasia adenoamigdaliana. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clinico prospectivo. MATERIAL E METODO: Trinta e seis pais ou responsaveis de criancas submetidas a adenoamigdalectomia foram entrevistados antes e apos a cirurgia atraves do questionario sobre qualidade de vida especifica desenvolvido por Serres et al., 2000, que inclui os dominios: sofrimento fisico, disturbios do sono, problemas de fala e degluticao, desconforto emocional, limitacao das atividades e preocupacao do responsavel. RESULTADOS: A qualidade de vida de todas as criancas melhorou apos a cirurgia. Foi observada correlacao direta entre o grau de obstrucao e disturbios do sono, preocupacao paterna, e na media dos dominios. Correlacionando-se os dominios entre si, observamos relacao estatistica entre sofrimento emocional e disturbios do sono, preocupacao paterna e disturbios do sono, limitacao das atividades fisicas e desconforto emocional. CONCLUSAO: O aumento das tonsilas e a apneia obstrutiva do sono pioram a qualidade de vida das criancas, principalmente pelo sofrimento fisico e disturbios do sono. A adenoamigdalectomia realmente traz uma melhora importante na qualidade de vida destes pacientes.