Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can spicules be detected at disc centre in broad-band Ca II H filter imaging data ?

Context. Recently, a possible identification of type-II spicules in b road-band (full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of∼0.3 nm) filter imaging data in Caii H on the solar disc was reported. Aims. We estimate the formation height range contributing to broad-band and narrow-band filter imaging data in Caii H to investigate whether spicules can be detected in such observations at the centre of the solar disc. Methods. We apply spectral filters of FWHMs from 0.03 nm to 1 nm to observed Caii H line profiles to simulate Ca imaging data. We use observations across the limb to estimate the relative intensity contributions of off-limb and on-disc structures. We compare the synthetic Ca filter imaging data with intensity maps of Ca spe ctra at different wavelengths and temperature maps at different optical depths obtained by an inversion of these spectra. In additio n, we determine the intensity response function for the wavelengths covered by the filters of di fferent FWHM. Results. In broad-band (FWHM= 0.3 nm) Ca imaging data, the intensity emitted off the solar limb is about 5 % of the intensity at disc centre. For a 0.3 nm-wide filter centred at the Ca ii H line core, up to about one third of the off-limb intensity comes from emission in Hǫ. On the disc, only about 10 to 15 % of the intensity transmitted through a broad-band filter comes from the line-core region between the H1 minima (396.824 to 396.874 nm). No traces of elongated fibril lar structures are visible in the synthetic Ca broad-band imaging data at disc centre, opposite to the line-core image s of the Ca spectra. The intensity-weighted response functi on for a 0.3 nmwide filter centred at the Ca ii H line core peaks at about logτ ∼ −2 (z∼ 200 km). Relative contributions from atmospheric layers above 800 km are about 10 %. The inversion results suggest that the slightly enhanced emission around the photospheric magnetic network in broad-band Ca imaging data is caused by a thermal canopy at a height of about 600 km. Conclusions. Broad-band (∼0.3 nm) Caii H imaging data do not trace upper chromospheric structures such as spicules in observations at the solar disc because of the too small relative contribut ion of the line core to the total wavelength-integrated filte r intensity. The faint haze around network elements in broad-band Ca imaging observations at disc centre presumably traces thermal cano pies in the vicinity of magnetic flux concentrations instead.
Prospective elementary school teachers’ proportional reasoning

We present the findings of a study on prospective elementary teachers’ proportional reasoning. After describing some of the teachers’ performance in solving multiplicative structure problems that involve ratios and relations of direct proportionality between quantities, we were able to establish classifications of their answers according to various categories of proportional reasoning.Razonamiento proporcional de futuros maestros de educación primariaPresentamos los resultados de un estudio sobre el razonamiento proporcional de futuros maestros de educación primaria. Describimos las actuaciones manifestadas por un grupo de estudiantes de magisterio de la Universidad de Granada al resolver problemas de estructura multiplicativa que involucran razones y relaciones de proporcionalidad directa entre cantidades. Encontramos que sus respuestas se clasifican en distintas categorías de razonamiento proporcional.Handle: http://hdl.handle. net/10481/21533Nº de citas en WOS (2017): 2 (Citas de 2º orden, 1)Nº de citas en SCOPUS (2017): 1 (Citas de 2º orden, 0)
Tales of Contract Enforcement in Transition

This paper proposes a dynamic theory of adjustment of the two contract enforcement mechanisms: use of collateral and coalitions employing multilateral punishment strategies. We show that in the aftermath of transition, both of these mechanisms fail to provide sufficient protection so that not only the new contracts are excessively simple to economize on enforcement, but also some contracts existing before the liberalization may actually break down.
Serum Levels of Endothelial Monocyte-Activating Polypeptide-II in Hepatitis CPatients

Objectives: Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II) is a cytokine with pro-inflammatory and immune-suppressive properties. The goal of this study was to assess serum EMAP-II in treated and untreated Hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Furthermore, we determined the relationship between serum EMAP-II levels with the clinic pathological and laboratory parameters in patients with HCV. Methods: 25 control patients (Group I), 25 treated HCV patients (Group II) and 25 newly diagnosed, untreated patients with HCV (Group III) were included in this study. Serum EMAP-II levels were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and HCV RNA was assessed by real time-PCR (RT-PCR). The results were evaluated against clinical and laboratory data. Results: Serum EMAP-II levels were significantly elevated in newly diagnosed, untreated HCV patients compared to treated HCV and control patients (p<0.001). We found that serum EMAP-II levels correlated positively with HCV RNA in untreated HCV patients (p<0.001). While serum albumin and platelet count correlated negatively with serum EMAP-II levels (p<0.001), a positive correlation was observed between EMAP-II and serum bilirubin (p<0.001). Conclusions: Increased serum EMAP-II levels are present in newly diagnosed HCV patients compared to treated HCV and control patients, suggesting EMAP-II as a novel biomarker for HCV diagnosis.
Building trust between partners through performance measurement systems

In asymmetrical partnerships, the leader firm defines the strategy and tries to influence their partner’s actions to fall in line with its own expectations. Performance measurement systems (PMS) are frequently recommended for facilitating strategy implementation and enhancing IORs performance. Thus, the leader could use PMS to monitor its strategy and processes, i.e., decision-control use, expecting that partners use it also to manage their activities, i.e., decision-management use. In these contexts, interorganizational trust is critical and has been widely used in the relational governance of partnerships. Trust is important whenever firms engage in situations that demand collaborative effort, even in asymmetrical and mature partnerships where trust has been developed over time forming partner bonding. Prior studies show that PMS and trust are interrelated, demanding that both need to be managed together. This paper focuses on the effect of PMS use on trust in situations of asymmetric dependence between a leader firm and its partners. We develop a theoretical model allocating the decision-control use to the leader firm's side and the decisionmanagement use to the partners' side. Both parties were asked about their own use
Creativity as a predictor of intelligence among undergraduate students

This research examines the extent to which the level of creativity and different components of creativity: Something about myself, Environmental sensitivity, Initiative, Intellectuality, Self-strength, Individuality and Artistry among undergraduate students predict intelligence. Respondents in the research comprises of 153 from six Malaysian universities. Multiple regression analysis reveals that a total variance in intelligences accounted for by the creativity factors is 13.5% (multiple R2 = 0.135, F (7, 145) =3.222, p = . 003). This implies that creativity is important when considering the factors that influence the intelligence of students. (The Journal of American Science. 2010;6(2):189-194). (ISSN 1545-1003).
Assessment of Competition in Indian Banking

During the post 1991, financial system regulators have initiated many policy measures to enhance competition in the Indian Banking Sector. In the Indian context, competition has not been rigorously studied and hence, there is a need for more comprehensive analysis of competition in Indian banking sector. The article has applied PRH statistic for the panel data involving 36 banks for the period of 1994-2009 after the penetration of private banks. The article has found that there has been improvement in the degree of competition since 1994. Equity capital, as a control variable is influencing the level of competition. Analysis of competition allows the policy formulators to design proper liberalization measures, designing of financial products and business models to ensure greater competition in the banking sector. Keywords: Competition, Market structure, Indian Banking, Panzar-Rosse H-statistic, Concentration.
Titanium carbide nanocrystals synthesized from a metatitanic acid-sucrose precursor via a carbothermal reduction

A TiC powder is synthesized from a micron-sized mesoporous metatitanic acid-sucrose precursor (precursor M) by a carbothermal reduction process. Control specimens are also prepared using a nanosized TiO2-sucrose precursor (precursor T) with a higher cost. When synthesized at 1500°C for 2 h in flowing Ar, the characteristics of the synthesized TiC from precursor M are similar to those of the counterpart from precursor T in terms of the crystal size (58.5 versus 57.4 nm), oxygen content (0.22wt% versus 0.25wt%), and representative sizes of mesopores: approximately 2.5 and 19.7-25.0 nm in both specimens. The most salient differences of the two specimens are found in the TiC from precursor M demonstrating (i) a higher crystallinity based on the distinctive doublet peaks in the high-two-theta XRD regime and (ii) a lower specific surface area (79.4 versus 94.8m2/g) with a smaller specific pore volume (0.1 versus 0.2 cm3/g) than the counterpart from precursor T.
GARCH-Type Models on the Volatility of Indonesian Cocoa’s Spot Price Returns

Cocoa plays an important role in generating Indonesian foreign exchange revenues since it is one of Indonesia’s primary commodity exports. Meanwhile, as part of plantation commodity, cocoa’s price also has volatility nature. This study has two aims: to examine the predictability of GARCH-type models (ARCH, GARCH, GARCH-M, EGARCH, and TGARCH) on the cocoa’s returns volatility and to determine the best predictability model among the significant GARCH-type models. Two independent variables used in this study are the residual from the mean equation and volatility of error variances in the previous periods. The prices used are spot price series in periods of January 2005 to June 2011 from BAPPEBTI (Indonesian Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency – CoFTRA). The results show that GARCH-M and EGARCH models are the best prediction models.
The university student travel market: Motivations and preferences for activities

Despite the significance of the student travel market, this segment's heterogeneity in motivation and behavior remains relatively unexplored. This article presents a comparative analysis of domestic and international university students' travel motivations and activity preferences. Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling, questionnaire data from 307 students showed that students were most likely to seek opportunities for learning and relaxation. Further, the student market lacks homogeneity in terms of travel motivation and preference for activities, and motivational factors are significantly associated with activity preference. The study provides empirical support for the motivation–behavior link in preferences for activities, and offers insights into students' travel motivation and needs, enabling more effective product design and marketing for this important segment. Differences between domestic and international students suggest a need for differentiated strategies for the two groups of travelers.
Determinants of diarrhea among young children under the age of five in Kenya, evidence from KDHS 2008-09

This paper examines the relative contribution of household, demographic and maternal characteristics to the incidence of diarrhea in young Kenyan children. Data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 200809 was used with a total of 3838 women included in the study. The measure of diarrhea in children was derived from woman’s questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis showed that age of child [AOR, 0.796; 95% CI, 0.559-1.134] and residence of mother [AOR, 0.538; 95% CI, 0.324-0.895] are more likely to influence childhood diarrhea. Higher education level of mother was associated with lower incidence of childhood diarrhea [AOR, 0.187; 95% CI, 0.609-0.573]. Household characteristics that had statistically significant influence on childhood diarrhea included sources of drinking water [AOR, 1.644; 95% CI, 1.040-2.599] and household size [AOR, 1.334; 95% CI, 1.000-1.780]. This paper emphasizes the importance of mothers being literate and access to good quality drinking water sources in reducing childhood diarrhea.
Determinants of Derivatives Usage and Its Effect on Firm Risk: Evidence from Indonesian Non-Financial Firms

The purposes of this research are to determine factors influencing firm derivatives usage and to analyze its effect on firm risk. The objects of this research are non-financial firms listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange for the year of 2015. Financial performance and corporate governance are employed in this research as important factors influencing derivatives usage and firm risk. Current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on assets and total assets turnover ratio are used to assess financial performance. Managerial ownership, independence of board commissioners and commissioners’ education are used to assess corporate governance. The firm risk is measured by calculating the volatility of firm daily stock returns. This research employs path analysis in order to examine the relationship between financial performance, corporate governance, derivatives usage, and firm risk. The main finding of this research is that the derivatives usage has a negative relationship with firm risk. There is evidence that the firms tend to have lower risk if using more derivatives products as a risk management instrument. Keywords: financial performance, corporate governance, derivatives usage, firm risk
Household Finances and Well-Being: An Empirical Analysis of Comparison Effects

This paper explores the importance of the household's financial position for an individual's level of well-being. Initially, the empirical analysis, based on a large nationally representative panel survey, aims to ascertain the impact of the household's monetary financial position on overall life satisfaction and financial well-being, with the latter being measured by financial satisfaction and subjective prosperity. Taking into account monetary factors in addition to income, the results indicate that the household's level of net wealth, assets and debt are important determinants of overall life satisfaction and financial well-being. The paper also explores whether the financial situation of households in a comparison group influences an individual's overall life satisfaction and financial well-being. The results suggest that the financial position of households in the comparison group is an important determinant of an individual's level of overall life satisfaction and financial well-being, with information effects generally dominating comparison effects. In addition, the effects of the comparison group are asymmetric depending on whether a household's financial position is above or below the average of the reference group and vary over the life-cycle.
Spectroscopic [C i] mapping of the infrared dark cloud G48.65-0.29

Aims. We report the first spectroscopic mapping of an atomic carbon line in an infrared dark cloud (IRDC). By observing the spatial distribution of the [Ci] emission in an IRDC, comparing it with the (13)CO emission and the known distribution of internal heating sources, we can quantify the role of internal and external UV irradiation in the production of atomic carbon. Methods. We used the 2 x 4 pixel SMART receiver of the KOSMA observatory on Gornergrat to map the [Ci] (3)P(1) - (3)P(0) line in the IRDC G48.65-0.29 and compared the resulting spectra with data from the BU-FCRAO (13)CO 1-0 Galactic Ring Survey. Results. The [CI]/(13)CO effective beam temperature ratio falls at about 0.3 with local deviations by less than a factor two. All velocity components seen in (13)CO are also detected in [CI]. We find, however, significant differences in the morphology of the brightest regions seen in the two tracers. While (13)CO basically follows the column density distribution derived from the near-infrared (NIR) extinction and the submm continuum, the [CI] emission peaks at the locations of the two known NIR point sources. We find Ci/CO abundance ratios between 0.07 and 0.13 matching the lower end of the range previously measured in star-forming regions. Conclusions. Evaluating the relative importance of the irradiation by embedded sources and by the Galactic interstellar UV field, we find that in G48.65-0.29 most [CI] emission can be attributed to externally illuminated surfaces. Embedded sources have a significant impact on the overall abundance distribution of atomic carbon as soon as they are found in an evolved state with noticeable NIR flux.
DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION: RESULTS FROM A CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF THREE YEARS WITH DC: 0-3

La petite enfance est caracterisee par un processus dynanique en mouvement perpetuel. Depuis le debut de notre travail clinique dans l'Unite Infantile, nous nous sommes inquietes de l'evaluation individuelle et des questions sur le role que jouent les parents tout autant que les bebes dans la pathologie et l'intervention. Dans cet article, nous commencons par une description du chemin qui nous a menes a la selection de DC 0-3 en tant que systeme de classification diagnostique et comment cela nous a aides de maniere cruciale a mieux definir la psychopathologie infantile et a nous guider vers des orientations de traitement. Ensuite, nous presentons les resultats de l'application des axes I et II de DC:0-3 dans notre population clinique dans les annees 1997, 1998, et 1999. Les objectifs de cette etude etaient d'approfondir les connaissances sur la distribution des troubles mentaux chez une population clinique âgee de moins de quatre ans. Nous avons essaye de separer les enfants a risques de developper des troubles psychiques de ceux presentant une psychopathologie actuelle ainsi que l'influence possible de traits demographiques sur cette distribution, de facon a definir une population cible et a concevoir des mesures therapeutiques adaptees. L'identification de ces objectifs offre une logique pour l'utilisation d'un outil diagnostique comme DC:0-3 qui est essentiel pour plannifier l'activite clinique, pour evaluer l'efficacite therapeutique et pour developper des programmes specifiques.
Ready! Fire! Aim! The Status of Psychological Debriefing and Therapeutic Interventions: In the Work Place and after Disasters

Psychological debriefing (PD) is a brief, short-term intervention aimed at mitigating long-term distress and preventing the emergence of posttraumatic stress. In recent years, it has become a ubiquitous intervention, one which has evolved as almost prescriptive following harrowing events and grew through a practical need to offer assistance to those who are exposed to severe trauma. Despite disturbing data from the recent refereed literature of psychology, it is still referred to as the “standard of care” for disaster and crisis response and its use in many quarters continues. This article critically reviews the evidence for and against its use and outlines the weaknesses in the research. The emphasis of this review is on the appropriateness of debriefing in organizations. This article also proposes a set of hypothesized constructs that may, in part, be responsible for the paradoxical effects found in some outcome studies on debriefing. Guidelines are also proposed to help organizations and professionals react appropriately using evidence-based interventions.
On the use of tagging data in statistical multispecies multi-area models of marine populations

The use of multispecies models of marine stocks along with recognition of the importance of temporal differences in spatial overlap has resulted in migration rates playing an increasingly important role in models of fish stocks. Moreover, traditional estimates of growth based on samples from fishing gear are confounded with the selection pattern, which is exacerbated when multispecies issues are considered. For these and other reasons, there is a need to include explicit tagging data as a component of fisheries models. A statistical multispecies multi-area framework has been extended to predict tag returns and subsequently to incorporate tagging data in likelihood components to be used when estimating migration rates. The information content of such data is not clear a priori, but simulations indicate the point estimates to be quite reasonable. A bootstrap method is proposed, based on bootstrapping entire tagging experiments (rather than individual fish). The resulting bootstrapped uncertainty estimates are generally applicable and are found to be close to the true values in the simulated examples.
The Economics of Two-Sided Markets

Broadly speaking, a two-sided market is one in which 1) two sets of agents interact through an intermediary or platform, and 2) the decisions of each set of agents affects the outcomes of the other set of agents, typically through an externality. In the case of a video game system, for instance PlayStation, the intermediary is the console producer -- Sony -- while the two sets of agents are consumers and video game developers. Neither consumers nor game developers will be interested in the PlayStation if the other party is not. Similarly, a successful payment card requires both consumer usage and merchant acceptance, where both consumers and merchants value each others' participation. Many more products fit into this paradigm, such as search engines, newspapers, and almost any advertiser-supported media (examples in which consumers typically negatively value, rather than positively value, the participation of the other side), as well as most software or title-based operating systems and consumer electronics. This paper seeks to explain what two-sided markets are and why they interest economists. I discuss the strategies that firms typically consider, and I highlight a number of puzzling outcomes from the perspective of the economics of two-sided markets. Finally, I consider the implications for public policy, particularly antitrust and regulatory policy, where there have been a number of recent issues involving media, computer operating systems, and payment cards.