Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
E ¢ cient Semiparametric Estimation of Multi-valued Treatment E ¤ ects

A large fraction of the literature on program evaluation focuses on e¢ cient estimation of binary treatment e¤ects under the assumption of unconfoundedness. In practice, however, treatments are frequently multi-valued and available econometric techniques in this literature cannot be applied directly. This paper studies the e¢ cient estimation of a large class of multi-valued treatment e¤ects as implicitly de ned by a collection of possibly over-identi ed non-smooth moment conditions when treatment assignment is assumed to be ignorable. We propose two estimators, one based on an inverse probability weighting scheme and the other based on the e¢ cient inuence function of the model, and provide a set of su¢ cient conditions that ensure root-N consistency, asymptotic normality and e¢ ciency of these estimators. Under mild assumptions, these conditions are satis ed for the marginal mean treatment e¤ect and marginal quantile treatment e¤ect, two estimands commonly used in empirical applications. Furthermore, based on these large sample results, other important population parameters of interest may be e¢ ciently estimated by means of transformations of the two estimators considered. Using this idea, previous results for average and quantile treatments e¤ects may be seen as particular cases of the methods proposed here when treatment is assumed to be dichotomous. We illustrate the procedures presented in this paper by studying the e¤ect of maternal smoking intensity during pregnancy on birth weight.
Analysis of Immune Response in Goats Capra hircus lehri Against Different Doses of Cement Cone Extract Antigen Taken from Ticks ( Ixodidae ) Emulsified with Different Adjuvants

Immunological studies against ixodid ticks, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (Linnaeus, 1758) were conducted on six-month old domestic goat breed Capra hircus lehri, randomly selected from different farms of districts of Balochistan, Pakistan. Goats were allocated into four groups of twenty animals each for immunization experiments. Each group was used to assess the effect of immunization against ticks Hyalomma a. anatolicum by using extracts of attachment cones made up of cement proteins taken from mouthparts of tick whole instars as source of antigen. Effects of different antigen doses emulsified with different adjuvants were analyzed in four groups, each cohort comprising twenty goats. First group was immunized with alum adjuvant, second with Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA), third with Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) and fourth with Montanide ISA-50 (Incomplete Seppic) adjuvant. Goats administered with different doses (5-500 μg) of tick cement antigen emulsified with Montanide adjuvant showed effective immune response through reduction in tick engorgement (decreased weight) and increased percentage tick rejection which proved that Montanide adjuvant is the most potent adjuvant. Results also showed that lower doses of tick cement antigen (5 μg of antigen/ml of adjuvant/animal) emulsified with Montanide ISA-50 adjuvant induced a better stimulatory effect on percentage tick rejection.
Enhancing Learning Outcomes Through Adaptive Remediation with GIFT

Adaptive instructional systems (AISs) are envisioned to play a vital role in the Army’s future training environment. A key feature of AISs is the capacity to automatically tailor instruction to fit the needs and skills of individual learners. Leveraging recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning, training and educational experiences can be tailored to the goals, learning needs, and preferences of individual learners and teams of learners. Tutorial planning, a critical component of adaptive training, controls how scaffolding and instructional interventions are structured and delivered to learners to create personalized learning experiences. Devising computational models that effectively scaffold learning experiences is a critical challenge for the field. For example, AISs need to determine when to scaffold, what type of scaffolding to deliver, and how scaffolding should be realized, all in real time. In this paper, we describe our work using the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT), an open source framework for creating, deploying, and evaluating adaptive training systems, to create a web-based adaptive short course for teaching fundamental principles associated with counterinsurgency (COIN). The course presents students with a series of videos, integrated assessments, and remediation materials about doctrinal COIN concepts. The course’s adaptive remediation features are based on the ICAP active learning framework to deliver constructive, active, and passive forms of remedial feedback to students. We report the results of a recent study in which 500 participants completed the adaptive training course along with preand post-training knowledge tests. The paper provides an analysis of learning gains and factors that moderated these gains and concludes with a discussion of future research as it pertains to the goals of the broader research program investigating applications of machine learning, and reinforcement learning in particular, to automatically generate policies for instructional remediation in AISs.
Growth performance and feed utilisation of common lowland frog ( Rana rugulosa Wiegmann ) fed diet supplemented with protease from papaya peel

This study aims to investigate the effects of papain supplemented diet on the growth performance and feed utilisation of common lowland frogs, as well as the water quality of the frog culture system. A diet with 35% protein and 3,000 Kcal/Kg and supplemented with papain extract was fed to the frogs for 90 days. The supplementation of the enzyme extract at 2% enhanced growth performance and feed utilisation of the frogs (P<0.05) without affecting the survival rate (P>0.05). Also, papain supplementation at 2% can reduce ammonia and nitrite levels in the frog culture system. Thus, water quality parameters, pH and temperature were within a standard range.
Scotland ' s Rural College Probabilistic forecasts : scoring rules and their decomposition and diagrammatic representation via

A scoring rule is a device for evaluation of forecasts that are given in terms of the probability of an event. In this article we will restrict our attention to binary forecasts. We may think of a scoring rule as a penalty attached to a forecast after the event has been observed. Thus a relatively small penalty will accrue if a high probability forecast that an event will occur is followed by occurrence of the event. On the other hand, a relatively large penalty will accrue if this forecast is followed by non-occurrence of the event. Meteorologists have been foremost in developing scoring rules for the evaluation of probabilistic forecasts. Here we use a published meteorological data set to illustrate diagrammatically the Brier score and the divergence score, and their statistical decompositions, as examples of Bregman divergences. In writing this article, we have in mind environmental scientists and modellers for whom meteorological factors are important drivers of biological, physical and chemical processes of interest. In this context, we briefly draw attention to the potential for probabilistic forecasting of the within-season component of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils.
IMPACTS OF THREE DIFFERENT RELAXATION TECHNIQUES ON MOOD STATES AMONG ATHLETES

Relaxation technique is a method, process, procedure or activity that helps a person to relax. There are several methods of relaxation techniques that can be used proven beneficial to improve the individual state of relaxation. Relaxation can be performed individually or in a group. With suitable technique of relaxation, it will improve quality of life as well as emotional and physical. This study aims to investigate the impact of three different relaxation techniques, namely Autogenic (AGR), Progressive Muscle (PMR) and Music Relaxation (MR) on mood states among Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) athletes. Eighty UniSZA athletes aged between 18 to 25 years old were randomly assigned into four groups which were AGR, PMR, MR and control group. Each groups consisted of 20 subjects which were male and female athletes with multidiscipline of the sports involvement. The mood states were determined by Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) during pre and post-intervention. The subjects in the three intervention groups received relaxation training twice a week for four weeks, 30 minutes per sessions. While, a control group not received any relaxation training during the intervention time. Repeated measure ANOVA conducted showed that the two parameters in BRUMS significantly changes in post-intervention such vigour (F=16.083, p<0.0001) and confusion (F=3.412, p=0.022). Other negative mood scores showed no significant changes such; (anger; F=2.235, p=0.091, depression; F=0.960, p=0.416, fatigue; F=0.724, p=0.540, tension; F=16.083, p=0.913). The results of Pairwise Comparison revealed that the three types of relaxation techniques (AGR, PMR and MR) effective to enhance vigour (positive mood) score among the adult subjects. In this study, PMR was the most effective relaxation technique followed by AGR and MR to regulate the mood state among adults.
Autotransplantation of third molars with completely formed roots into surgically created sockets and fresh extraction sockets : a 10-year comparative study

The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the long-term clinical outcomes of mature third molar autotransplantation in surgically created sockets and fresh extraction sockets with regard to survival and functional success rates. A total of 65 third molars with completely formed roots were autotransplanted in 60 patients (average age 33.1 years). Thirty-six of the teeth were autotransplanted into surgically created sockets with or without guided bone regeneration (GBR; delayed autotransplantation), while 29 were autotransplanted into fresh extraction sockets (immediate autotransplantation; control group). All patients underwent annual clinical and radiographic examinations (average follow-up 9.9 years, range 7–13 years). The survival rates for the control, GBR, and no GBR groups were 93.1%, 95.2%, and 80.0%, respectively, with no significant differences among the groups. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups with regard to the frequency of inflammatory root resorption or root ankylosis. Age did not influence the clinical outcomes. These results suggest that the autotransplantation of third molars with completely formed roots is effective in both surgically created and fresh extraction sockets and provides a high long-term success rate if cases are selected and treated appropriately.
Section 1 : Conceptualising Learner Agency : A Socio-Ecological Developmental Approach

This paper was commissioned to clarify and deepen the understanding of the key concepts of the OECD 2030 Learning Framework: Section1: Conceptualising Learner Agency: A Socio-Ecological Developmental Approach by Ingrid Schoon, University College London, Institute of Education Section 2: Attitudes and Values and the OECD Learning Framework 2030: A critical review of definitions, concepts and data by Helen Haste, Harvard Graduate School of Education/University of Bath The participants are invited to: NOTE the draft prepared by Ingrid Schoon to use research to inform the discussion on "student agency" during the item 3d. 16.20-18:00 on 14 May. NOTE the draft prepared by Helen Haste to use research to inform the discussion on "attitudes and values" during the item 3d. 16.20-18:00 on 14 May.
Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors as the First Line Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to explore if immunotherapy or chemotherapy alone or in combination is a better first line treatment strategy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: Electronic databases including Google Scholar, PMC, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the major conference proceedings were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes of immune-checkpoint inhibitor combined with chemotherapy or immune-checkpoint inhibitor alone over chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced NSCLC without previous treatment. Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results: A total of 14 RCTs including 8,081 treatment naïve advanced NSCLC patients were enrolled in this study. Our results showed that in comparison to chemotherapy alone, introducing immunotherapy into first-line chemotherapy has significant benefit in tumor response (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.48), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, -0.43; 95% CI, -0.56 to -0.31), and overall survival (OS) (HR, -0.30; 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.14) but with an increased risk of grade3 - 5 toxicity (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.18). The pooled results of comparison of immune therapy alone with chemotherapy alone in selected patients with positive expression of Programmed Death-ligament (PD-L1) or with a high tumor mutational burden, demonstrated similar tumor response (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.46), 3 - 5 grade toxicity (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.19) and long-term outcomes, including OS (HR, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.43 to 0.03) and PFS (HR, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.61 to 0.14). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed the superiority of combination therapy over monotherapy with chemotherapeutic agents in terms of tumor response, and long-term survival, but with an increased the 3 - 5 grade toxicity. And immune-checkpoint inhibitors alone showed similar tumor response, toxicity and long-term outcomes compared to platinum-based chemotherapy in selected patients.
Li 0 . 07 ) NbO 3 Ceramics Under Compressive Stress

In this work, the solid solution of ((Ka0.5Na0.5)0.93Li0. 07)NbO3 ceramics were prepared by a conventional mixed-oxide method and conventional sintering. The structural phase formation and microstructure were characterized by x-ray diffraction technique. The ceramics were identified by XRD as a single-phase perovskite structure with tetragonal symmetry. The dielectric properties under the uniaxial compressive stress of the ((Ka0.5Na0.5)0.93Li0. 07)NbO3 ceramics are observed at stress up to 180 MPa. The results show the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent increase with increasing the applied stress. The change of dielectric properties under the compressive stress depends on the frequency. The observations are interpreted on terms of a superposition of the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the dielectric properties change upon applied stress.
The relationship between the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 protein flowing endurance training in streptozotocin rats

Background and aims: Intermuscular lipolysis disorder plays an important role in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus and perilipin PLIN5 and PLIN3 are the key proteins in regulating muscle cellular lipolysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 protein following endurance training in streptozotocin (STZ) rats. Methods: A number of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into low endurance training group (n = 8), high-intensity training group (n = 8), and control group (n = 8). Diabetes was induced in every rat by STZ injection. Three days after injection, the blood samples were taken from the cut tip of the tails of the mice and animals with blood glucose greater than 300 mg/dL were considered diabetic. The training program included eight weeks of aerobic training at different intensities. Training in high- and low-intensity groups included 22-25 and 5-8 m/min of training. Finally, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation was used to determine the significance of the differences between variables, followed by utilizing Tukey’s post-hoc test for significance. Results: The comparison between the groups by ANOVA showed significant differences in PLIN3 (P=0.0006) and PLIN5 (P=0.012). The results of Tukey post hoc test also demonstrated a statistical difference between the mean values of diabetic control group and high-intensity endurance group regarding PLIN3 (P=0.01) and PLIN5 (P=0.009), but no significant increase was observed in the lowintensity exercise group as compared to the control group (PLIN3, P=0.067 & PLIN5, P=0.44). As regards insulin resistance, there was a significant difference among the three groups (P=0.0001). Eventually, the result of the correlation between PLIN3 and PLIN5 showed similar enhancement by increasing the intensity (P=0.0026). Conclusion: According to research results, high-intensity endurance training increased the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 in diabetic specimens and PLIN3 and PLIN5 followed a similar increase pattern in high-intensity training
Predictive modelling using a nationally representative database to identify the determinants of prediabetes; a machine learning analytic approach on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014

ABSTRACT Background: Prediabetes is a global epidemic with rising prevalence rates, but its diagnosis based on traditional risk factors is challenging. Application of novel machine-intelligence based methods to public health databases could provide valuable insights into the disease process. Aim: To build predictive models to elucidate the determinants of prediabetes using machine learning algorithms on a nationally representative sample of the US population. Method: Two datasets containing general (n = 6346) and dental (n = 3167) variables were prepared from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 and were randomly partitioned to create train and internal validation data. Feature selection algorithms were run on the train (n = 3174) data containing 156 pre-selected general variables. Five machine learning algorithms were applied on train data containing general (n = 3174) and dental (n = 1584) variables as well as on re-sampled datasets built using 4 resampling methods. Predictive models were tested on internal validation data containing general (n = 3172) and dental (n = 1583) variables. External validation was done on 2 datasets containing general (n = 3000) and dental (n = 1500) variables prepared from the NHANES 2011-2012. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Determinants were elucidated by odds ratios in logistic regression models and by variable importance values in other algorithms. The CDC prediabetes screening tool was chosen as the benchmark against which the performance of optimal models was compared. Results: Seven optimal (>70% AUC) models built on the dataset containing general variables elucidated 25 determinants of prediabetes including a few novel associations; 20 were identified by both logistic regression and other non-linear/ensemble models while 5 were solely elucidated by the latter. Dental variables by themselves were not predictive of, and periodontitis appeared the only dental determinant of, prediabetes. The optimal machine learning model (AUC = 71.6%) built on the data containing general variables outperformed the chosen benchmark while that built on dental data equaled the performance of the screening tool. Conclusion: A range of determinants of prediabetes was identified through validated and benchmarked models highlighting the potential of a systematic, machine intelligence-based modelling approach on a public health database to elucidate the determinants of prediabetes including novel predictors. Keywords: prediabetes, determinants, machine learning, feature selection, NHANES (Less)
University of Southern Denmark Fitness Effects of 10-Month Frequent Low-Volume Ball Game Training or Interval Running for 8-10-Year-Old School Children

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The In Vitro Studies on the Effect of Aloe vera ( ( L . ) Webb . and Berth . ) and Aloe spicata ( L . f . ) on the Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens

An in vitro trial was undertaken to determine the effect of Aloe vera and Aloe spicata on the inhibition of the sporulation of avian coccidia oocysts. Petri dishes containing coccidia oocysts isolated from droppings of coccidiosis-infected chickens were randomly assigned to 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% aloe extract, and the control, sulphachlopyrazine sodium monohydrate (Esb3, Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland). The Petri dishes were incubated at 25°C for 48 hours. Aloe spicata inhibited sporulation better than A vera (P < 0.05). Increasing aloe concentration reduced the number of coccidia oocysts that sporulated (P < 0.05). Aloe spicata had the least number of sporulated oocysts at 30% concentration while A vera had the least number of sporulated Vol4Iss2.qxp 6/21/2006 6:56 AM Page 128
Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Prolonged Disturbances in Cerebral Autoregulation in Critically ill Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Objective: Intracerebral complications are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Emerging evidence suggests that ischemic injury may be a factor in the development of cerebral edema. This study was designed to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics and autoregulation during DKA in critically ill children using transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). Design: Prospective observational study Setting: Tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) Patients: Patients ≤18 years admitted to the PICU with moderate to severe DKA (serum glucose > 200 mg/dl, pH < 7.15, bicarbonate < 15 mmol/L, and urine ketones). Measurements and Main Results: Within 4 hours of admission the flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and basilar artery (BA) were measured using TCD. Cerebral autoregulation was evaluated using the transient hyperemic response ratio (THRR), with values ≥ 1.1 defined as normal. TCD was repeated after resolution of DKA. 26 patients were studied [median age 10 yrs (0.75-18), median initial glucose 558 (289-1018) g/dL, median initial pH 6.98 (6.78-7.13)]. Mean MCA flow velocities were unchanged when compared to previously published normal values. Mean BA flow velocities were significantly lower than these normal values during and after resolution of DKA, p = 0.001. Cerebral autoregulation during DKA was impaired in 92% of patients [median THRR on right 0.97 (0.65-1.14), left 0.98 (0.39-1.26)] and remained abnormal in 64% after resolution of DKA. Patients with clinical and imaging evidence of cerebral edema had lower BA mean flow velocities than patients without cerebral edema (p = 0.06). Conclusions: Our data shows decreased basilar artery flow velocities and prolonged impairment of cerebral autoregulation in children with DKA. Understanding these disruptions in cerebral blood flow may lead to future therapeutic targets and should be further studied in hopes of improving neurologic outcomes in diabetic children experiencing DKA.