Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early in vitro division of PHA stimulated cord blood lymphocytes: implications for study of chromosome breakage.

Buckton and Pike [1] have shown that unstable chromosome rearrangements are more frequent in 48 hr cultures of PHA-stimulated adult lymphocytes than in 72 hr cultures, presumably due to some loss of this type of aberration after the first in vitro cell division. Because the proportion of cells in second division increases after 48 hr, this has been the maximum culture time recommended for studying chromosome breakage [2-4]. However, in studies of stimulated lymphocytes from cord bloods sampled at delivery, we have observed significant numbers of cells in second division after only 48 hr of culture. Differential chromatid staining, observed after Hoechst 33258 treatment of lymphocytes cultured in a BrdU-supplemented medium [5], allows visualization of sister chromatid exchanges and identification of the exact in vitro division (i.e., first, second, or third) of any given metaphase. The first in vitro replication results in unifilar BrdU substitution in both chromatids, and after application of the Giemsa modification [6] of the BrdU-Hoechst method, uniform dark chromatid staining of the metaphase chromosomes is seen. During the second replication, the BrdU substitution is unifilar in one chromatid and bifilar in the other; in the subsequent second division metaphase, each stained chromosome has one dark and one light chromatid. In third division metaphases, only an average of a quarter of the chromatids are unifilarly substituted, so that about half of the chromosomes contain two light chromatids, and the others have one dark and one light chromatid.
Is Public Ownership Bad for Professional Service Firms? Ad Agency Ownership, Performance, and Creativity

Does public ownership create negative consequences for professional service firms by reducing employee incentives? This question was addressed with a panel of advertising agencies. Public ownership was associated with inferior performance for small agencies but not for large agencies, and there was no association between ownership and agency creativity, indicating that public ownership did not preclude agencies from competing with strategies requiring highly skilled professionals. The results challenge existing theories about the ownership of professional service firms.
Chasing Private Information

Using over 5,000 trades unequivocally based on nonpublic information about firm fundamentals, we find that asymmetric information proxies display abnormal values on days with informed trading. Volatility and volume are abnormally high, whereas illiquidity is low, in equity and option markets. Daily returns reflect the sign of private signals, but bid-ask spreads are lower when informed investors trade. Market makers’ learning under event uncertainty and limit orders help explain these findings. The cross-section of information duration indicates that traders select days with high uninformed volume. Evidence from the U.S. SEC Whistleblower Reward Program and the FINRA involvement addresses selection concerns. Received January 11, 2017; editorial decision December 17, 2018 by Editor Andrew Karolyi. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
A Context-Aware Model to Improve Usability of Information Display on Smartphone Apps for Emerging Users

Smartphones have become a reliable technology for accessing information and services in rural communities. Mobile applications, such as social media and news apps running on smartphones, are no longer exclusively utilised by users in developed communities. Mobile applications are accessed in highly contextualised environments. This paper discusses a context-aware model that was implemented to improve the usability of information presented on smartphone applications for emerging users. User evaluation was conducted within a remote area in South Africa with a sample of users, most of whom did not have prior experience in using computer applications. The results of the evaluation present empirical evidence that the model can improve the usefulness of mobile applications and their adoption in rural areas by emerging users who primarily rely on smartphones for accessing a variety of information sources and services. The findings can be utilised as a blueprint for implementing sustainable mobile interventions for emerging users.
Corporate social reporting in Malaysia: a qualitative approach

This paper examines corporate social reporting in Malaysia from the public relations perspective of issues management. Data was derived from case studies of four relatively high impact companies in Malaysia, two owned by multinationals and two Malaysian-owned. An obvious continuum of corporate social reporting practice is apparent with one multinational adopting comprehensive corporate social reporting, the other minimal social reporting within Malaysia (though the parent company reports elsewhere), one Malaysian company engaging in selective disclosure, and the other expressing reservations about this so-called ‘new business’ concept of corporate social responsibility and reporting. Although company representatives interviewed were aware of trends toward increased disclosure, most reflected a desire to shun corporate social responsibility and reporting, in this case, of moral obligations. Our analysis affirms the possibility of the urge to push aside social reporting obligations re-emerging recently as a key aspect of corporate legitimation in Malaysia, as is occurring elsewhere.
Augmenting Means Efficacy to Boost Performance: Two Field Experiments

Internal and external sources of efficacy beliefs are distinguished. “Means efficacy,” a particular source of external efficacy, is defined as belief in the utility of the tools available for task performance. The authors tested the hypothesis that raising means efficacy boosts performance. In two field experiments, experimental participants were told they got a new computerized system proven to be the best of its kind; controls got the same system with no means-efficacy treatment. In both experiments, means efficacy among experimental participants increased, and they out-performed the controls. A broadened perspective on the efficacy—beliefs construct is elaborated, and practical applications are proposed.
Experiential Knowledge as well as Social Capital of Founders for Innovativeness of Successors in Smaller Family Firms

The main goal of our research was to examine the importance of transferring tacit and experiential knowledge as well as social capital of founders for innovativeness of the next family generation, i.e. successors in smaller family firms. Data were collected through in-depth case studies, including face-to-face structured interviews with 20 founders of smaller family firms and their successors. The research was carried out in Slovenia, which in our opinion still belongs to transition economies. Namely, transition from an economic-developmental aspect means transition from routine to innovative economy and society, which Slovenia has not achieved yet. Therefore, we find the innovativeness of next family generation owners and/or managers as crucial for transition of Slovenia to innovative economy and society. We assume that findings of our research may also have implications for other transition economies.
Consumer Resistance Factors for the Adoption of FTTH Ultra-Fast Broadband in New Zealand

It is a common maxim in telecommunications policy that access to a network is not the same as adoption of that network's services. In this article, Mirza and Beltrán analyze New Zealand's Ultra-Fast Broadband (UFB) Initiative in terms of the public expenditures devoted to its development and, more importantly, its adoption by citizens. The authors analyze a variety of barriers, drivers, and deciding factors that have led citizens to either accept or reject the opportunity to sign up for the program, ranging from cost to speed of deployment to consumer awareness
Do open-market repurchases supply or demand immediacy?

In this paper, I study what determines the daily executions of open-market repurchases and find that repurchase activity is higher when the markets for the stock are suffering from selling pressure consistent with repurchases supplying immediacy in the stock market. My measure for predicted returns from providing immediacy, predicted weekly return evaluated using past estimates of shortterm return reversal, allows me to distinguish between mutually non-exclusive determinants for repurchase executions, which has not been possible with earlier used measures. Selling pressure, especially if eased with past repurchases, is unlikely to last long and therefore only non-continuous repurchases supply immediacy. Results are robust among stocks with low asymmetric information and also among both overvalued and undervalued stocks. In addition, companies with a designated market maker supply immediacy when repurchasing their stock. I especially thank my advisor Matti Suominen for his advice and guidance and Antti Lehtoranta and Lukas Schmidt for their comments. I am also very grateful to Mikko Niemenmaa for helping me to collect the repurchase data and Antti Lehtinen for providing me with Helsinki Stock Exchange return data.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Radiologic Findings

Aim To determine the radiologic features of pulmonary tuberculosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Materials and Methods Between January 1996 and December 2005, 10 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed. Chest radiographs were available in all of these patients and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were available in 7 patients. We retrospectively analyzed each patient's chest radiographic and CT findings. Results On chest radiography (n=10), the most common abnormalities were air-space consolidation (100%) and nodules (80%). Parenchymal lesions appeared mixed with other findings (80%). The most common mixed pattern was nodules with consolidations (80%). Parenchymal lesions were multilobar (80%), patchy (70%), or bilateral (80%). Evidence of a zonal predominance was not seen. On chest CT scans (n=7), the most common parenchymal lesions were consolidation (100%), nodules (71%), tree-in-bud appearance (43%), and ground-glass opacity (43%). Parenchymal lesions seen on CT scans also appeared mixed (86%) and multilobar in distribution (100%). Significant zonal predominance was not noted on CT scans. Cavity was noted in 14% of the study patients and lymphadenopathy was noted in 71% of these patients on CT scans. Conclusions The radiologic features of pulmonary tuberculosis in HSCT recipients were nodules or air-space consolidation. Most of the abnormalities were mixed with other findings and had multilobar distribution, however, a lobar predilection was not seen. Awareness of radiologic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in HSCT recipients may help the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Retail employee theft: a theory of planned behavior perspective

Purpose – One area of concern for retailers is the impact of employee theft on retailing profit margins and operations. It is possible that the application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to the employee theft could shine some light on the problem and possibly offer some assistance to retailers. The purpose of this paper is to apply TPB to this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approach – A model and series of propositions are developed. The propositions are open to empirical verification and can form the basis for a research stream on retail employee theft.Findings – The model incorporates certain individual difference factors that are likely to influence intentions to engage in retail theft. The model proposes that variables such as organizational commitment and an employee's moral norm are likely to have an impact on retail theft.Research limitations/implications – The propositions stemming from the model have to be tested empirically. The model incorporates certain individual difference factors th.
Risk perception and e‐shopping: a cross‐cultural study

The purpose of this study is to examine first, whether there are differences in risk perception between the USA and Korea, second, whether there are differences in risk perception between apparel purchasers and non‐apparel purchasers across countries, third whether there are differences in the effect of risk factors on purchasing intention between the USA and Korea, and, fourth, whether there are differences in the effect of risk factors on purchasing intention between apparel purchasers and non‐apparel purchasers across countries. The findings suggest that there were differences in consumers’ risk perception between apparel and non‐apparel purchasers across countries. In addition, there are similarities and differences in the relationships between risk perception and purchase intention across countries.
Consumer Affairs Responses to Unsolicited Customer Compliments

Relationship marketing has received a great deal of attention within the marketing profession, but how do consumer affairs professionals really treat consumers who seem ripe for entrenched relationships? Consumers who send unsolicited complaints or compliments to mass marketers have well-established traits that make them naturals for ongoing relationships. Complimenters, in particular, are likely to be brand-loyal and highly motivated. This study explores whether such consumers are treated in a manner consistent with relationship marketing concepts and whether complainers and complimenters are treated similarly or differently. Given a lack of real cultivation of these consumers, marketers may wish to give more attention to consumer affairs units and how they handle unsolicited consumer correspondence.
Developing marketing strategies for transnational service operations

Defines transnational strategy as the integration strategy formulation and implementation across all countries in which the company elects to do business, in contrast to a multidomestic (or “multilocal”) approach that provides for independent development and implementation of strategy by management units within each country. Asks how different types of service firms should move from multidomestic strategies, to the creation of a truly transnational strategy. Considers three perspectives: first, the nature of services marketing in a large federal country like the USA; second, the drivers that stimulate the internationalization of an industry and the different ways in which they apply to three broad types of services; and third, how the concept of core and supplementary services can be applied to both standardization and customization of services in a global setting.
Dynamic optimization of fractionation schedules in radiation therapy

In this thesis, we investigate the improvement in treatment effectiveness when dynamically optimizing the fractionation scheme in radiation therapy. In the first part of the thesis, we consider delivering a different dose each day depending on the observed patient anatomy. Given that a fixed prescribed dose must be delivered to the tumor over the course of the treatment, such an approach results in a lower cumulative dose to a radio-sensitive organ-at-risk when compared to that resulting from standard fractionation. We use the dynamic programming algorithm to solve the problem exactly. Next, we suggest an approach which optimizes the fraction size and selects a treatment plan from a plan library. Computational results from patient datasets indicate this approach is beneficial. In the second part of the thesis, we analyze the effect of repopulation on the optimal fractionation scheme. A dynamic programming framework is developed to determine an optimal fractionation scheme based on a model of cell kill due to radiation and tumor growth in between treatment days. We prove that the optimal dose fractions are increasing over time. We find that the presence of accelerated tumor repopulation suggests larger dose fractions later in the treatment to compensate for the increased tumor proliferation.
The increasing pediatric stone disease problem

While once thought to be relatively rare in developed nations, the prevalence of pediatric urolithiasis appears to be increasing, and a number of factors may be contributing to this increase. Many theories are plausible and such theories include the increasing childhood obesity epidemic, a changing sex predilection, climate change, alterations in dietary habits and improving diagnostic modalities. Yet, unlike adult patients, rigorous epidemiologic studies do not exist in pediatric populations. Thus, in the setting of an increasing prevalence of childhood stone disease, improved research is critical to the development of uniform strategies for pediatric urolithiasis management.
The Effects of Hibiscus rosa sinunsis Flower Extracts on Spermatogenesis and Sperm Parameters of Mice

This study was aim to study the effect of ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate extract of Hibiscus rosa sinunsis on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters on mice. Adult mice (n=20) were included in the present study. Thereafter, the mice were randomly divided into control (n=5) and experimental groups (n=15). Treated with dose 125mg/Kg of ethanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate extract (injected subcutaneous) for three consequence days. The study was showed adverse effect of extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinunsis on sperm parameters and histology of testis. Keyword: Hibiscus rosa sinunsis, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate extract, spermatogenesis.
Participation in School-Based Extracurricular Activities and Adolescent Adjustment

This paper examines the association between participation in school-based extracurricular activities (ECAs) and adolescent adjustment (drinking, marijuana use, grades, academic attitudes and academic aspirations) among students from six high schools. Three major issues were addressed: the potential confounding of selective EGA participation by better adjusted students and measures of adjustment, variability in the strength of the association between ECA participation and adjustment as a function of adolescent demographic characteristics and activity type, and the role of peers as mediators of the association between ECA participation and adjustment. Adolescents who participated in ECAs reported higher grades, more positive attitudes toward schools, and higher academic aspirations once demographic characteristics and prior adjustment were controlled. Alcohol and marijuana use were not independently associated with ECA participation. The ECA-adjustment association did not vary by demographic characteristics and did not appear to be mediated by peer characteristics. Those who participated in non-sport ECAs reported consistently better adjustment than those who did not participate in ECAs and those who participate in sports.
Quality of Electronic Services

For providers of electronic services, quality is a major driving force on the route to long-term success. Comprehensive measurement of quality, in turn, is the key to effective quality management. Marketing academia has just started to attend to quality measurement in the context of electronic services. A review of existing literature on the subject reveals that important research gaps exist, both conceptually and methodologically. Building on extant research and findings from a qualitative study, the authors develop a broadly applicable, hierarchical quality model for electronic services, which includes three dimensions and nine sub-dimensions. The proposed model is rigorously tested by means of a large aggregated sample drawn from the customer bases of three different electronic services. The authors find support for the conceptualization and discuss important findings of the study as well as implications for managerial practice and research.
Collaborative firms managing perishable products in a complex supply network: an empirical analysis of performance

Purpose – This purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence of how cooperation is related to suppliers’ performance, a relationship that is thought to be affected by the type of customer and the extent to which the market is diversified. It analyzes horticultural exporting firms in southeastern Spain, which are the main suppliers of European markets. Together with their primary customers (large-scale retail companies such as Carrefour, Tesco and Aldi), these firms constitute a complex supply network composed of a variety of agents and sales channels. This network will be studied from the perspective of the supplier–supplier relationship that is critical to their survival. Design/methodology/approach – Starting with a detailed description of Europe’s vegetable supply chain, a hierarchical regression is used with an index of cooperation intensity, moderated by retail sales and market concentration. The authors test the hypotheses using panel data on a set of 118 horticultural marketing firms in so.
Nitric Oxide Synthase ( NOS 3 ) and Contractile Responsiveness to Adrenergic and Cholinergic Agonists in the Heart Regulation of NOS 3 Transcription In Vitro and In Vivo by Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Rat Cardiac Myocytes

Cardiac myocytes express the nitric oxide synthase isoform originally identified in constitutive nitric oxide synthase cells (NOS3), which mediates the attenuation by muscarinic cholinergic agonists of b -adrenergic stimulation of L-type calcium current and contractility in these cells. However, the reciprocal regulation of NOS3 activity in myocytes by agents that elevate cAMP has not been reported. In this study, we show that NOS3 and mRNA and protein levels in cardiac myocytes are reduced both in vitro after treatment with cAMP elevating drugs, and in vivo after 3 d of treatment with milrinone, a type III cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. This effect on NOS3 activity by cAMP is cell type specific because treatment of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in vitro or in vivo did not decrease NOS3 mRNA or protein in these cells. NOS3 downregulation in myocytes appeared to be at the level of transcription since there was no modification of NOS3 mRNA half-life by agents that increase intracellular cAMP. To determine the functional effects of NOS3 downregulation, we examined the contractile responsiveness of isolated electrically paced ventricular myocytes, isolated from animals that had been treated in vivo with milrinone, to the b -adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and the muscarinic cholinergic agonist carbamylcholine. There was no difference in baseline contractile function in cells that had been pretreated with cAMP elevating agents compared to controls, but cells exposed to milrinone in vivo exhibited an accentuation in their contractile responsiveness to isoproterenol compared to controls and a loss of responsiveness to carbamylcholine. Downregulation of myocyte NOS3 by sustained elevation of cAMP may have important implications for the regulation of myocardial contractile state by the autonomic nervous system. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1996. 97:1908–1915. )