Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of classroom interactions in kindergarten and executive functions among five year-old children

Abstract The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between the quality of classroom interactions in kindergarten and executive functions (EFs) among 5-year-old children. The sample consisted of 118 children, with a mean age of 73.34 months (SD = 4.22), from 12 kindergarten classes. The quality of classroom interactions was measured using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS), while the children’s EFs (working memory (WM), inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and planning) were measured using various tests conducted on the children (e.g. Forward and Backward Digit Span). The results show that emotional support in the classroom was positively correlated with EF skills among the children, in particular, those related to WM and cognitive inhibition. Moreover, the results indicate that instructional support was negatively correlated with the children’s WM. Further analyses demonstrated that gross family income reduced the association between instructional support and WM. These findings attest to the importance of emotional support for the development of EFs, particularly WM, and bring out the potential moderating effect of family characteristics (e.g. gross family income) on executive functioning.
Urea Foliar Application as a Partial Substitution of Soil-Applied Nitrogen Fertilization for Some Maize Cultivars Grown in Newly Cultivated Soil

Two field experiments were carried out during the two summer seasons of 2007 and 2008 seasons. The trials implemented in El-Emam El-Ghazaly Village, El-Bostan Provience, El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt. The objective was to investigate response of growth, yield, and yield components and nutrients uptake of three maize cultivars, i.e. Giza: 310,324 and 103 to urea foliar application as a partial substitution of soil-applied nitrogen fertilization to minimize its quantity for optimizing fertilizer use and minimizing under-ground water pollution. Treatments were the recommended rate of soil-applied nitrogen fertilization (control), in addition the three treatments viz., 50%, 75%and 100% of recommended rate of soil-applied nitrogen combined with three foliar sprays with urea for both at rate of 15g/liter (1.5%) at 30,45 and 60 days after sowing . The results showed that urea foliar application significantly increased growth yield and yield components of maize varieties as compared with unsprayed treatment in both seasons and the highest values were obtained from 100% of recommended rate of soil-applied nitrogen fertilization with all varieties. However there were no significant differences between 100% and 50% or 75% with urea foliar application in some studied traits of growth yield and yield components and there were significant differences due to varieties and interactions between varieties and urea foliar spray. The results indicated that urea foliar application enhanced nutrients uptake by plants of all maize varieties and increased grains nutrients content.
Sarcotesta removal methods and GA3 treatment on germination of Punica granatum L. seeds

Propagating Punica granatum is predominantly conducted using seeds, however, the germination rate is low due to seed dormancy associated with rapid loss in germination potential. Investigations related to sarcotesta extraction of pomegranate seeds are scarce, as well as pre-germination treatments with gibberellic acid (GA3). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three sarcotesta extraction methods and a gibberelic acid (GA3) treatment on the germination of P. granatum seeds. The seeds were removed from ripe fruits and submitted to the following sarcotesta extraction methods: 1) manual friction on sieve under running water; 2) immersion in quicklime solution for 24 h; and 3) sucrose fermentation for 72 h. The seeds were divided into two equal parts; the first portion was immersed in 200 mg L-1 of GA3 solution and the second portion was not immersed in GA3. The quicklime method was efficient and easily and quickly removed the sarcotesta from all seeds. This method resulted in a greater germination speed index (4.26) and germination percentage (60%). The quicklime method associated to the GA3 treatment promoted an increase in germination percentage (70%) and contributed to dormancy breaking.
Quality and Student Inequality ( Revised 2014 )

This paper examines the extent to which the allocation of teachers within and across public high schools is contributing to inequality in student test score performance. Using ten years of administrative data from North Carolina public high schools, I estimate a flexible education production function in which student achievement reflects student inputs, teacher quality, school quality, and a school-specific scaling factor that allows the impact of teaching quality to vary across schools. The existence of nearly 3,000 teacher transfers, combined with a testable exogenous mobility assumption, allows separate identification of each teacher’s quality from both school quality and school sensitivity to teacher quality. I find that teaching quality is surprisingly equitably distributed both within and across high schools. Schools predominantly serving underprivileged students employ teachers who are only slightly below average, and most students receive a mix of their school’s good and bad teachers. Overall, I find that the allocation of teacher and school inputs at the high school level contributes only 4% to the achievement gap between the top and bottom deciles of an index of student background. Finally, I find that schools that disproportionately serve disadvantaged students tend to be more sensitive to teacher quality.
OPTIMAL TRADING STRATEGY DURING BULL AND BEAR MARKETS FOR HONG KONG-LISTED STOCKS

The “buy-and-hold” strategy based on the EMH was believed by many people to be optimal for a long time. However, there has been more criticism on the EMH since the global financial crisis in 2008. Hence many people attempt to find a trading strategy to beat “buy-and-hold”. Moreover, the financial market fluctuates a lot. Sometimes it is in a bull market, but it may be in a bear market during other periods of time, so the optimal strategy during different periods of time may vary and hence switching of strategies may be necessary. In this study, we apply Hui and Chan (2018)’s generalized time-dependent strategy on 12 Hong Kong listed stocks during the whole period of observation and two sub-periods. The results show that when the sub-period December 31, 2004–December 31, 2008 is chosen, the strategy outperforms “buy-and-hold” by the largest extent. This reflects that the strategy is most effective during adverse market conditions. This study can help investors to apply appropriate trading strategies to earn more profits, and help property practitioners to improve their strategic property management to increase the value of their portfolio.
On Grammatical Errors in English SLIChildren: A Corpus-based Study

Specific Language Impairment (SLI), also known as developmental dysphasia, refers to a delayed or deviant language development of children in the absence of neurological trauma, cognitive impairment, psycho-emotional disturbance, or motor-articulatory disorders (Eisenbeiss, Bartke, & Clahsen, 2006). Although SLI is a heterogeneous disorder, tense marking has been argued to be a good clinical marker of SLI in English-speaking children (Rice & Wexler, 1996). However, different models have been proposed to explain whether tense-marking errors are syntactical in nature. This paper is also concerned with the nature of grammatical errors made by children with SLI, which involve core syntactic operations such as movement, agreement and case assignment. Therefore, three current accounts of grammatical errors produced by children with SLI, namely, the Agreement and Tense Omission Model, the Agreement Deficit Model, and the Deficit in Computational Grammatical Complexity Model, will be evaluated on the basis of the Leonard corpus in the Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES). In the next section, the key claims and predictions made by each model are presented.
Hydraulic activities by ghost shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis induce oxic-anoxic oscillations in sediments

Porewater pressure sensing, time-lapse photography, and planar optode imaging of oxygen were applied to investigate hydraulic activities by thalassinidean ghost shrimp Neo - trypaea californiensis and the associated dynamics of oxygen in and around their burrows. Ghost shrimp were hydraulically active 40% of the time. For >90% of this time the sediment was pres- surized, which caused transport of oxygenated water into the burrow and the surrounding sedi- ment, and transport of anoxic water through the sedimentwater interface. Sediment blow-outs and irrigation episodes with the shrimp in head-down orientation caused flow reversals and pore- water transport towards the burrow. At sediment permeabilities >2 × 10 �13 m 2 these porewater pressure dynamics were detected throughout the entire sediment volume within the shrimp tanks (6 l) even if a second burrow opening was established. Intermittent burrow irrigation performed at different locales within the burrow was sufficient to maintain oxic conditions during >90% of the time in burrow parts frequented by the shrimp. In contrast, sediment surrounding the burrows and surficial sediment were characterized by irregular oxygen supply, with oxic and anoxic conditions alternating on the time-scale of 1 to 1.5 times h �1 . The oscillatory regions around the burrows were restricted to a few millimeters in muddy sediments, but extended up to 4 cm away from the burrow in more permeable sediments. The oscillatory character of porewater chemistry in the presence of hydraulically active organisms is expected to have significant effects on microbial diversity and biogeochemical processes in marine sediments.
Do Leadership Styles Relate to Personnel CommitmentIn Private Organisations In Nigeria

In this paper the question of the relationship between leadership styles and personnel commitment in private organisations in Nigeria is addressed. This is done through exploratory study by the adoption of the survey research design that utilised the administration of questionnaire to the employees of the organisation as its major source of data collection. The data collected were analysed using Pearson Moment Correlation Analysis with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 version software. The study revealed a significant positive relationship between leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership style) and personnel commitment of the selected private organisations in Nigeria. It also showed that transformational leadership style is mostly related to personnel commitment in the selected private organisations in Nigeria. In line with the findings, the paper suggests that management of the selected private organisations should pay keen interest to the leadership styles such as transformational leadership style to be adopted to facilitate personnel commitment in Nigeria for higher performance.
EVALUATION OF NEWER FUNGICIDE FOR MANAGEMENT OF EARLY BLIGHT OF TOMATO IN CHHATTISGARH

The present studies were conducted to test the efficacy of some newer molecules like pyraclostrobin, boscalid, and their combination maccani, pristine along with commonly used chemicals viz., mancozeb, copper oxychloride and chlorothalonil against early blight of tomato cultivar Pusa Ruby. A variant with no application of fungicide was used as a control. Average yield was calculated after fifteen pickings. Phytotoxicity effect of newer molecules was evaluated using a single spray. All fungicide treatments reduce the disease severity as compared to untreated check. Pristine 38%WG @ 64+126g a.i. /ha (31.88%) significantly reduced the disease followed by maccani 16%WG @ 60+180g a.i./ha (33.31%) and increase the yield from 33.50 tonnes/ha (Pristine 38%WG @ 64+126g a.i. /ha) and 32.44 tonnes/ha (maccani 16%WG @ 80+ 240g a.i./ha) as compared to a maximum disease (76.2%) and minimum yield of only 21.15 tonnes/ha in control. Overall results revealed that Pristine at both concentrations (64+126g a.i./ha and 76.8+151.2g a.i./ha) was found significantly effective in reducing the disease and increasing the fruit yield over control.
Environmental concerns and uncertainty communication for building public trust in environmental risk management: A case study of Maptaphut Municipality, Thailand

The study aims to examine the role of uncertainty communication in increasing public trust in the capability of public authorities and industrial agencies to provide effective risk management. First, the study demonstrated the relationship between social trust and environmental concerns held by lay people in contaminated sites. Then, relationships between trust and lay understanding of uncertainties associated with technical risk assessment and potential health impacts caused by environmental contamination were examined. Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 181 people who currently live in the area examined in the selected case study, i.e., the Maptaphut municipality in Thailand. The results showed that trust in public authorities and industrial agencies could slightly predict environmental and health concerns because people become more knowledgeable and rely less on institutions when judging risks. In addition, trust was influenced by lay understanding of uncertainties associated with risk assessment and outcome uncertainty. Under the current risk communication, i.e., poor communication of information related to uncertainty, people with the ability to conceptualize uncertainties tend to have lower trust in public authorities and industrial agencies. The study concluded that explicit communication of uncertainty could increase perceived transparency of environmental risk management, thereby contributing to social trust.
Models of the cosmological 21 cm signal from the epoch of reionization calibrated with Ly α and CMB data

Support by ERC Advanced Grant 320596 ‘The Emergence of Structure During the Epoch of Reionization’ is gratefully acknowledged. EP gratefully acknowledges support by the Kavli Foundation. We acknowledge PRACE for awarding us access to the Curie supercomputer, based in France at the Tres Grand Centre de Calcul (TGCC). This work used the DiRAC Data Centric system at Durham University, operated by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment was funded by BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant ST/K00042X/1, STFC capital grants ST/H008519/1 and ST/K00087X/1, STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/K003267/1, and Durham University. DiRAC is part of the National E-Infrastructure. This research was supported by the Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics (MIAPP) of the DFG cluster of excellence ‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’.
Photo-voice as a qualitative research method in nursing and health sciences: A literature review

The interest on research methods using photograph and photo-interview has emerged in the last decade. However, some aspects of this method were less explained for further application. This review revealed the state of knowledge of photo-voice in qualitative nursing and health researches in order to provide an updated description on this method. Photo-voice is one of visual research methods to elicit information through participant-produced photographs and photo interview. The objective of this review was to explore the current applications of photo-voice regarding to the terms used, the framework underpinning the researches, the research designs, the concepts explored, the advantages and disadvantages identified and the guideline provided for future use. Based on the literature reviewed, photo-voice has proved its applicability to address sensitive issues and to provide richer data and deeper analysis. This research method could improve the comprehensiveness of the data produced and increase the participation of groups being investigated.The rich visual and narrative data collected by this method are considered appropriate to be applied in exploring the marginalized groups in a way that empower them. This method also opens the chance to involve other disciplines in a research team. Some issues to consider in applying this method are time-consuming and technical limitatiosn, as well as the challenges in maintaining the level of participation. However, the advantages of the method were more prominent, especially in balancing the power in research and empowering the participants. This method was recommended to use in researches conducted in oppressed or marginalized groups for the purpose of empowerment and producing indigenous knowledge of the groups
Determination of geochemical anomalies and gold mineralized stages based on litho-geochemical data for Zarshuran Carlin-like gold deposit (NW Iran) utilizing multi-fractal modeling and stepwise factor analysis

The Zarshuran Carlin-like gold deposit is located at the Takab Metallogenic belt in the northern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, NW Iran. The high-grade ore bodies are mainly hosted by black shale and cream to gray massive limestone along the NNE-trending extensional fault/fracture zones. The aim of this investigation was to determine and separate the gold mineralized stages based on the surface litho-geochemical Au, Hg, and As data using the Concentration-Area (C-A) fractal model and stepwise factor analysis in the Zarshuran gold deposit. Three mineralized stages were determined by the C-A fractal modeling and factor analysis, which were correlated with the mineralized stages from geological studies. The main stage of Au mineralization was higher than 1.995 ppm, which was correlated with the main sulfidation stage, whereas the As and Hg highly intense anomalies (higher than 6409 and 19 ppm, respectively) were associated with the quartz-sulfide veins and veinlets. The results obtained by the C-A fractal model and stepwise factor analysis showed that the main gold mineralized stage occurred in the southern part of the Zarshuran deposit, which was correlated with the geological particulars.
Optimal Number, Location, and Size of Distributed Generators in Distribution Systems by Symbiotic Organism Search Based Method

This paper proposes an approach based on the Symbiotic Organism Search (SOS) for optimal determining sizing, siting, and number of Distributed Generations (DG) in distribution systems. The objective of the problem is to minimize the power loss of the system subject to the equality and inequality constraints such as power balance, bus voltage limits, DG capacity limits, and DG penetration limit. The SOS approach is defined as the symbiotic relationship observed between two organisms in an ecosystem, which does not need the control parameters like other meta-heuristic algorithms in the literature. For the implementation of the proposed method to the problem, an integrated approach of Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF) is used to determine the optimal location for installation of DG units, and SOS is used to find the optimal size of DG units. The proposed method has been tested on IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus, and 118-bus radial distribution systems. The obtained results from the SOS algorithm have been compared to those of other methods in the literature. The simulated results have demonstrated that the proposed SOS method has a very good performance and effectiveness for the problem of optimal placement of DG units in distribution systems.
Influence Mechanism of External Social Capital of University Teachers on Evolution of Generative Digital Learning Resources of Educational Technology of University Teachers - Empirical Analysis of Differential Evolution Algorithm and Structural Equation Model of Bootstrap Self-extraction Technique

Conceptual framework of influence mechanism of external social capital of university teachers on evolution of generative digital learning resources of educational technology of university teachers is constructed in this paper, which elaborates transmission mediation role of knowledge search and knowledge activity of education technology of university teachers, as well as positive moderating effect of interactive memory system and organizational citizenship behavior of university teachers. The professional teachers in 211 universities and 985 universities in eastern and central regions of China are taken as the subjects of questionnaire, and empirical analysis of influence mechanism is carried out by differential evolution algorithm and structural equation model based on Bootstrap self-extraction technique. Empirical analysis results show that external social capital of university teachers has a significantly positive effect on knowledge search and knowledge activity of education technology of university teachers. Knowledge search and knowledge activity of education technology significantly and positively promote evolution of generative digital learning resources of educational technology of university teachers. Interactive memory system and organizational citizenship behavior of university teachers significantly and positively moderate relationships among knowledge search, knowledge activity of education technology of university teachers and evolution of generative digital learning resources.
Platelet-Activation Factor Receptor Induces Interleukin 10 Production through STAT3 Activation in Dendritic Cells

The activation of the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) is associated to a suppressor phenotype in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). In the present study, we investigated mechanisms underlying the production of the interleukin 10 (IL-10) through PAFR activation in murine DCs. For this purpose, BALB/c mice bone marrow-derived DCs were differentiated by GM-CSF treatment and stimulated with LPS in the presence of the PAFR antagonist WEB2086. Signalling pathways downstream to TLR4 activation were investigated. We found that LPS stimulus induced PAFR ligands generation by DCs, but it did not affect the PAFR expression. The LPS-induced IL-10 production was found to be partially dependent of PAFR, since it was reduced in the presence of WEB2086. The IL-10 production through PAFR activation was independent on CREB and PPARγ, as the treatment with selective inhibitors of these pathways did not affect the IL-10 production. TLR4 adaptor molecules (MyD88 and TRIF) expression, MAPK, or NF-κB (p105/50 and p65 subunits) activation pathways were also excluded, since they were not affected by the treatment with WEB2086. The blockage of PAFR by WEB2086 downregulated the STAT3 (Tyr705) phosphorylation induced by LPS. Additionally, DCs treated with STAT3 inhibitor (S3I-201) showed reduced IL-10 production to the same levels observed in DCs treated with WEB2086. The requirement of STAT3 was confirmed in PAFR-KO DCs, since the STAT3 inhibition did not affect IL-10 production by these cells. Our data show an additional molecular mechanism whereby PAFR contributes to IL-10 production in DCs and support the importance of the PAFR activation in DCs phenotype and function.