Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
META‐ANALYSIS OF MARINE NUTRIENT‐ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENTS: VARIATION IN THE MAGNITUDE OF NUTRIENT LIMITATION

Nutrient bioassay experiments have been performed in many marine and estuarine environments around the world. Although protocols have been relatively uniform, these experiments have yielded mixed results, implicating nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, iron, and several other elements as factors limiting phytoplankton growth. Meta-analysis has the potential to explain much of this variation by exploring the relationship between the magnitude of limitation and various environmental characteristics. We quantified limitation with a simple metric, Δr, that estimates the change in the per unit growth rate of phytoplankton directly attributable to addition of a specific nutrient, such as nitrogen, iron, or phosphorus. Preliminary analyses indicated that experiments lasting ≤1 d exhibited time lags in the numerical response of phytoplankton to nutrient addition, while experiments lasting >7 d confounded nutrient limitation with processes such as increased grazing or depletion of other nutrients. Thus, we restricted th.
Different effects of planktonic invertebrate predators and fish on the plankton community in experimental mesocosms

The impact of fish and cyclopoid copepod predation on zooplankton communities was evaluated using large-volume mesocosms (depth 9.5 m; volume 13 m 3 ) in the R ˇ imov reservoir (Czech Republic). Two yearling roach and perch individuals introduced into mesocosms represented the fish treatment, which was com- pared to cyclopoid copepods (initial abundance of 2 ind.L x1 ) and a control with no initial addition of pre- dators. Our results clearly support the hypothesis that planktivorous fish feeding leads to the suppression of large-bodied cladocerans. In the presence of fish, the cladoceran community changed from a dominance of large-bodied Daphnia spp. at the beginning to dominance by the smaller Bosmina longirostris at the end of the experiment. Chlorophyll-a concentration and rotifer abundances increased in the absence of daphnids. In the absence of fish, the presence of large-bodied cladocerans resulted in decreasing chlorophyll-a concentration. Although no significant differences were observed between cyclopoid abundances in treatments stocked with cyclopoids and the control, the proportion of large cladocerans clearly showed the effect of the manipulation. The similar trends in both of these treatments did not confirm the importance of cyclopoid predation in our experiment. The overall strong effect of fish over cyclopoid predation suggests the main role of fish predation in the forming of zooplankton communities and in turn impacting phytoplankton biomass in mesocosms.
An Investigation of the Misuse of English Articles of Chinese English Learners

English articles belong to a category of high frequency words. However, they also have been considered as one of the most difficult part and latest part to be fully acquired by non-native speakers. Because of this reason, a lot of efforts have been made to research into the acquisition of them. In China, researches on the article system were mainly focused on the analysis of functions and description of the usage. This essay intends to explore the distribution and features of English article errors made by Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners both horizontally and longitudinally with the hope to find the possible factors which lead to the errors, so as to throw some light on English articles learning and teaching.
Fluid Simulation of the Ion Temperature Effects on a Collisional Magnetized Sheath of a Dusty Plasma

The properties of magnetized dusty plasma sheath with finite ion temperature are studied using a fluid model. Hot electrons, fluid ions, neutral particles and cold fluid dust grains are taken into account in this system. Considering the cross section for collisions between the dust and neutrals has a power law dependence on the dust flow velocity, the fluid model is then solved numerically to obtain detailed sheath information under different ion temperatures. A significant change is observed in the quantities characterizing the sheath with respect to the cold ion assumption. In addition, the result reveals that the effect of ion temperature is more obvious on the dust dynamics in collisional sheath with constant cross section.
Govan sport Representations of women ' s active embodiment and men ' s ritualized visibility in

The embodied woman is central to much marketing communication imagery and, in contemporary discourses the physically active body is portrayed as the healthy role model in much social marketing. From a periodization of women’s access to physical activities, three significant shifts in perception and representation are proposed: the Restricted body, the Malleable body and the Viewed body. Women activists and advertisers connected the freedom to engage in physical activity with social freedoms. A closer examination of second wave feminism reveals the inadequacies of sex role theory, and the limitations of liberal feminist dualisms. In contemporary culture, the interconnected nature of media representations, marketing communications and postfeminism becomes evident. The mobilization of bias through ritualized visibility is introduced to explain the unabated valorization of hegemonic masculinity through images of men’s active embodiment. Further, it is asserted that the inequalities of the neo-liberal identity project are obscured by ‘new traditionalism’. The paper concludes that marketing’s theorization of women would benefit from further consumer research into both the portrayal of physically active women and their experience of active embodiment.
Persistent hyperglycemia generating reactive oxygen species in renal cells, a probable cause of inflammation in type2 diabetic nephropathy subjects

Oxidative stress is increased in diabetes and the overproduction of the ROS (full form ? ) in diabetes is a direct consequence of persistent hyperglycemia for the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL-6) in renal cells, which are the factors responsible for diabetic complications i.e. diabetic nephropathy. The study aimed to predict the development of type 2 diabetic nephropathy due to persistent hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress producing inflammation. Serum levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and Tnf-α), antioxidants, [Glutathione reductase (GR) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), fasting blood sugar, urea and creatinine levels were estimated in controls (n=50), controlled diabetes without diabetic nephropathy, T2DM without microvascular complication (n=50, groupI) and T2DM with diabetic nephropathy (n=100, group II). Sample was collected from J.A group of hospitals, GRMC, Gwalior (M.P) and ethical committee has approved this research work. Statistical method was done by using one way Anova utlizing Dunnet T3 test. Serum levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and Tnf-α), malondialdehyde, fasting blood sugar, were high in group II as compared to both group I and controls, (P<0.001), with group II having more significant than group I (P<0. 001). Antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase was found to be decreased in both groups of diabetic patients as compared to controls, (P<<0.05), with group II showing significant than group I at (P<0.001). Glutathione reductase was found to be normal range in all the groups. Serum urea and creatinine levels were increased in group II, (P<0.001), but serum levels were within normal range in group I and healthy controls. Results of the present study indicates that inflammatory markers and oxidative stress are increased with decreased antioxidant defense levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy due to hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress.
Rotated Global Modes of Non-ENSO Sea Surface Temperature Variability

A varimax rotation was applied to the EOF modes of global SST derived by Enfield and Mestas-Nunez. The SST anomaly record is more than a century long, with a global complex EOF representation of ENSO and a linear trend removed at every grid point. The rotated EOF modes capture localized centers of variability that contribute to the larger-scale spatial patterns of the unrotated modes. The first rotated EOF represents a mul- tidecadal signal with larger response in the North Atlantic. The second rotated EOF represents an interdecadal fluctuation with larger response in the eastern North Pacific and out of phase fluctuations of smaller amplitude in the central North Pacific. The third rotated EOF captures interdecadal fluctuations in the eastern tropical Pacific with a dominant peak that coincides with the 1982/83 ENSO. The fourth rotated EOF has interdecadal to multidecadal nature with larger response in the central equatorial Pacific and quasi-symmetric out-of-phase response in the western North and South Pacific. The fifth mode represents multidecadal fluctuations with large response at about 408N in the North Pacific. The sixth mode has interannual to interdecadal timescales with largest response confined to the South Atlantic. The authors' rotated modes are dominated by intra- rather than interocean fluctuations supporting the hypothesis that the non-ENSO variability is more regional than global in nature. Analyses of sea level pressure and surface wind stress show that in general the non-ENSO rotated EOFs are consistent with an ocean response to local atmospheric forcing. An exception is the eastern tropical Pacific mode, which is more consistent with an atmospheric response to changes in the ocean SST.
Delving into International Students’ Attitudes to NESTs and NNESTs

This study examined the attitudes of international students at university level towards native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and non-native English speaking teachers (NNESTs) in a Thai context. It also explored how the attitudes held towards these two groups of teachers shaped the participants’ learning practices and motivation to learn English. Two research instruments; the open-ended questionnaire and the semi-structured interview were employed for this study. The questionnaire administered with 31 participants was the primary data collection tool. The subsequent interview conducted with 14 of the participants served as a supplementary data. The findings indicated significantly differing attitudes towards native English-speaking teachers and non-native English speaking teachers in many areas. These domains comprised the teaching methods and styles; the understanding of students’ problems; grading and marking; language proficiency; personality, classroom behaviour and discipline; and the ability to communicate and interact with learners. Some differences were also reported in the way they assigned work and arranged learning activities and their attitudes towards students. Most participants given the choice had a strong favour to study with native English-speaking teachers. There appeared to be a strong positive rapport between studying with native English speaking teachers and the participants’ learning behaviours and eagerness to study English. Implications are made regarding teacher training, particularly for non-native English teachers and language teachers, be it native or non-native, having EFL teaching experience. Keywords: Attitudes; Native English Speaking Teachers; Non-Native English Speaking Teachers ; Learning Behaviours; Motivation
Entrepreneurship, Technology and Change: A Review and Proposal for an Interpretative Framework

The objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between entrepreneurship and change in technological domains, with the focus on possible causal relations in both directions. It aims at investigating how technological changes generate opportunities that entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial organizations can properly exploit, and shedding light on how entrepreneurial behavior can be a promoter of change in both technology-intensive and technology-adopting businesses. Finally, we contribute to the literature on technology entrepreneurship by suggesting an explicit theoretical relationship between innovation dynamics (or techniques) and the entrepreneurial behavior of firms.
Braking Deceleration of Motorcycle Riders

In a long-term study braking deceleration was measured with an instrumented motorcycle on a training facility. Straight-path braking maneuvers under dry road conditions starting from approximately 60 km/h (37 mph) to a full stop were conducted. Test persons were volunteers of all kinds of age and riding experience. It was found that half of the tested individuals did exploit only 56% or less of the possible maximum deceleration. By using data from an earlier study it could be confirmed that the use of an unfamiliar motorcycle cannot be blamed for this result. Therefore the study is a clear indication for a lack of braking skills among Austrian motorcyclists. Improvements on motorcycle braking systems and educational work within the motorcycle riders community are suggested as counter-measures.
Gap Analysis of Educational Services Quality based on SERVQUAL Model from Iranian Medical Students’ Viewpoint (2014)

Introduction: Identifying service recipients’ perceptions and evaluating service quality are the basic steps toward compiling quality assurance programs. In this regard, the present study aimed to determine the quality of educational services using service quality (SERVQUAL) model and from students’ viewpoint. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 176 Iranian students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2014 who were selected trough stratified random sampling. Students' perceptions and expectations of educational service quality were measured through a questionnaire that was designed according to SERVQUAL approach based on five dimensions of assurance, responsiveness, empathy, reliability and tangibles. Data was analyzed by the SPSS 21 software through paired-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA statistical tests. Results: The results revealed that, in all five dimensions of SERVQUAL, students’ expectations were higher than their perceptions and there was a significant quality gap between their perceived and expected educational services provision. The highest and the lowest quality gaps belonged to the tangibility (1.16) and reliability (1.03) dimensions, respectively. Moreover, The empathy’s sub-dimensions of "exterior attractiveness of physical facilities like buildings, classrooms, chairs, and restrooms" and "respectful behavior of teachers toward students" showed the highest ) -1.93) and the lowest (-0.80) quality gaps, respectively. Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of different majors in all aspects of service quality and significant differences in empathy, reliability and tangibles dimensions between the different academic degrees (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the quality of current services provided by this public university was not meeting the expectations of students particularly in case of physical space of faculties. Thus, it is recommended to provide and deliver services based on students’ needs and expectations.
An Examination of the Usage of Herbal Contraceptives and Abortifacients in Lagos State, Nigeria

A study on herbal contraceptives trade and usage in Lagos state of Nigeria was carried out using the research methods in Humanities and Arts through the means of questionnaire administered on some Lagos dwellers and the traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) who operate around markets in the metropolis and in the outskirts of the city. Lagos is the most populous state in Nigeria where all categories of Nigerians both literate and illiterate co-inhabit. The use of herbal birth control measures by Lagosians is popular because it has little or no side effect, it is cost effective, easily accessible and effective. Social and economic statuses of the people are no barrier to patronage. Most users are young women and the medicaments are usually preferred after sexual intercourse and before pregnancy. Names of the plants that are used and the recipes prepared therefrom are presented. Further pharmacological screening by other researchers into the reported plants is strongly suggested to ascertain or disprove the claims of the traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs).
The impact of observing characteristics on the ability to predict ozone under varying polluted photochemical regimes

Abstract. We conduct analyses to assess how characteristics of observations of ozone and its precursors affect air quality forecasting and research. To carry out this investigation, we use a photochemical box model and its adjoint integrated with a Lagrangian 4D-variational data assimilation system. Using this framework in conjunction with pseudo-observations, we perform an ozone precursor source inversion and estimate surface emissions. We then assess the resulting improvement in ozone air quality prediction. We use an analytical model to conduct uncertainty analyses. Using this analytical tool, we address some key questions regarding how the characteristics of observations affect ozone precursor emission inversion and in turn ozone prediction. These questions include what the effect is of choosing which species to observe, of varying amounts of observation noise, of changing the observing frequency and the observation time during the diurnal cycle, and of how these different scenarios interact with different photochemical regimes. In our investigation we use three observed species scenarios: CO and NO2; ozone, CO, and NO2; and HCHO, CO and NO2. The photochemical model was set up to simulate a range of summertime polluted environments spanning NOx-(NO and NO2)-limited to volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited conditions. We find that as the photochemical regime changes, here is a variation in the relative importance of trace gas observations to be able to constrain emission estimates and to improve the subsequent ozone forecasts. For example, adding ozone observations to an NO2 and CO observing system is found to decrease ozone prediction error under NOx- and VOC-limited regimes, and complementing the NO2 and CO system with HCHO observations would improve ozone prediction in the transitional regime and under VOC-limited conditions. We found that scenarios observing ozone and HCHO with a relative observing noise of lower than 33 % were able to achieve ozone prediction errors of lower than 5 ppbv (parts per billion by volume). Further, only observing intervals of 3 h or shorter were able to consistently achieve ozone prediction errors of 5 ppbv or lower across all photochemical regimes. Making observations closer to the prediction period and either in the morning or afternoon rush hour periods made greater improvements for ozone prediction: 0.2–0.3 ppbv for the morning rush hour and from 0.3 to 0.8 ppbv for the afternoon compared to only 0–0.1 ppbv for other times of the day. Finally, we made two complementary analyses that show that our conclusions are insensitive to the assumed diurnal emission cycle and to the choice of which VOC species emission to estimate using our framework. These questions will address how different types of observing platform, e.g. geostationary satellites or ground monitoring networks, could support future air quality research and forecasting.
Altered Ecosystem Nitrogen Dynamics as a Consequence of Land Cover Change in Tallgrass Prairie

ABSTRACT In recent decades, substantial areas of North American tallgrass prairie have been lost to the establishment and expansion of woodlands and forests, including those dominated by eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana). This shift in dominant plant life form, from C4 grasses to coniferous trees, may be accompanied by changes in productivity, standing stocks of biomass and nutrients and biogeochemical cycles. The goal of this study was to quantify and compare major pools and fluxes of nitrogen in recently established (≤ 80 y) redcedar forests and adjacent native grasslands. Three former grassland sites in the Flint Hills region of Kansas that developed closed-canopy redcedar forests in the recent past were paired with adjacent grassland sites on similar soil type and topographic position (n = 3 sites/land cover type), and selected soil and plant nitrogen pools and fluxes were measured in replicate plots (n = 6/site) along transects in each forest or grassland site over a 20-mo period. We found few significant differences in median soil inorganic N pools or net N mineralization rates between the forest and grassland sites, though there was a trend for greater concentrations of inorganic N in grassland sites on most sample dates, and cumulative growing season net N mineralization averaged 15% less in forest sites (14.3 kg N·ha−1·yr−1) than in grassland sites (16.9 kg N·ha−1·yr−1). Mean aboveground plant productivity of forest sites (9162 kg ha−1 yr−1) was about 2.5× greater than that of comparable grasslands (similar soils and topographic position), in spite of similar levels of soil N availability. This resulted in an ecosystem-level nitrogen use efficiency (ANPP∶litterfall N) in forests that was more than double that of the grasslands they replaced. Additional changes in N cycling associated with redcedar forest development included large accumulations of N in aboveground biomass and transfer to the forest floor via litterfall; redcedar aboveground biomass contained 617 kg N/ha, forest floor litter N was 253 kg N/ha, and litterfall N flux was 41 kg ha−1·yr−1. These are substantial increases in aboveground biomass N accumulation, surface litter N inputs, and surface litter N accumulation compared to the native grasslands characteristic of this region. These fundamental shifts in ecosystem patterns and processes have the potential to alter regional biogeochemistry and both nitrogen and carbon storage throughout areas of the eastern Central Plains where coverage of redcedars is increasing.
The effect of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal in diets with multi-enzyme supplement on performance and protein digestibility in broiler chicks.

Three hundred and eighty-four day-old Ross broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized experimental design with 4×2 factorial arrangements using four rapeseed meal (RSM) levels with and without a multi-enzyme preparation. RSM levels included: A: control (without RSM); B: 5, 10 and 15%; C: 10, 15 and 20%; D: 15, 20 and 25% RSM in starter, grower and fi nisher periods, respectively. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in treatments B and C were similar to controls, but in treatment D, weight gain decreased and FCR increased (P<0.05). Feed intake of broilers was not affected by different levels of RSM (P>0.05). Enzyme supplementation had no signifi cant effect (P>0.05) on growth performance but resulted in a signifi cant increase in ileal digestibility of protein (P<0.05). Feeding high levels of RSM (Treatment D) signifi cantly increased liver and gizzard weights and decreased abdominal fat (P<0.05).