Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of In-Season Training Loads on Injury Risk in Professional Rugby Union.

PURPOSE To explore the association between in-season training-load (TL) measures and injury risk in professional rugby union players. METHODS This was a 1-season prospective cohort study of 173 professional rugby union players from 4 English Premiership teams. TL (duration × session-RPE) and time-loss injuries were recorded for all players for all pitch- and gym-based sessions. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the association between in-season TL measures and injury in the subsequent week. RESULTS Injury risk increased linearly with 1-wk loads and week-to-week changes in loads, with a 2-SD increase in these variables (1245 AU and 1069 AU, respectively) associated with odds ratios of 1.68 (95% CI 1.05-2.68) and 1.58 (95% CI 0.98-2.54). When compared with the reference group (<3684 AU), a significant nonlinear effect was evident for 4-wk cumulative loads, with a likely beneficial reduction in injury risk associated with intermediate loads of 5932-8651 AU (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.22-1.38) (this range equates to around 4 wk of average in-season TL) and a likely harmful effect evident for higher loads of >8651 AU (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.98-1.98). CONCLUSIONS Players had an increased risk of injury if they had high 1-wk cumulative loads (1245 AU) or large week-to-week changes in TL (1069 AU). In addition, a U-shaped relationship was observed for 4-wk cumulative loads, with an apparent increase in risk associated with higher loads (>8651 AU). These measures should therefore be monitored to inform injury-risk-reduction strategies.
Performance Assessment of Mergers and Acquisitions : Evidence from Denmark

Since the beginning of the 20 th century several waves of corporate mergers and acq uisitions (M&As) have led to substantial industrial restructuring in different p arts of the world. And over the past two decades, t here is a proliferation of cross-border mergers and acquisiti ons (CBM&As). However, the majority of research fin di gs show failure rate (40-80 percent) has not significa ntly changed during this period. This “success para dox” prompts us to reflect on performance assessment of M&As: how the performance of M&As is measured? Whet her using different measures or samples affect the resu lts? What are the evidences from fieldwork? Followi ng these questions, we first provide a literature review and then conduct a questionnaire survey of Danish firm s. We found that the definitions of performance varied in terms of accounting, financial, operational and perceptu al metrics. In addition, performance assessment is sensitive to th e definition of performance, methodology selected, benchmarks construct, sample used, and observation time horizon.
Assessment of hemostatic changes after crystalloid and colloid fluid preloading in trauma patients using standard coagulation parameters and thromboelastography

Background: The choice of an ideal fluid administered post trauma and its subsequent influence on coagulation still poses a clinical dilemma. Hence, this study was designed to assess the influence of in vivo hemodilution with various fluid preparations (4% gelatin, 6% hydoxyethyl starch (HES), Ringer's lactate, 0.9% normal saline) on coagulation using standard coagulation parameters and real-time thromboelastography (TEG) in patients undergoing elective surgery post trauma. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind study, 100 patients of either sex and age, belonging to ASA Grades I and II, scheduled for elective surgeries were allocated into four groups of 25 each according to the type of fluid infused. Group G (4% gelatin), Group N (0.9% normal saline), Group R (Ringer's lactate), and Group H (6% HES) received preloading with 1 L of fluid according to the group. The coagulation status of the patients was assessed during perioperative period (before surgery, after fluid preloading, and at the end of the surgery) using both conventional coagulation analysis and TEG. Statistical Analysis: Analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc and Pearson Chi-square test were used. Results: In all the patients preloaded with gelatin, there was a significant increase in prothrombin time index (PTI; 14.88±0.90 vs. 13.78±3.01, P<0.001) and international normalized ratio (INR; 1.12±0.09 vs. 1.09±0.19, P<0.05) compared to the baseline value. An increase was observed in these parameters in the postoperative period also. In the HES group, there was statistically significant increase in PT time (15.70±1.51 vs. 13.74±0.75, P=0.01) and INR (1.20±0.15 vs. 1.03±0.17, P<0.001) as compared to the baseline. In the intergroup comparisons, the patients preloaded with HES had a significant increase in INR (1.20±0.15 vs. 1.12±0.09, P=0.04) and reaction time (R time; 6.84±2.55 min vs. 4.79±1.77 min, P=0.02) as compared to the gelatin group. The fall in coagulation time (k time; 2.16±0.98 vs. 3.94±2.6, P=0.02), rise in maximum amplitude (MA; 61.94±14.08 vs. 50.11±14.10, P=0.04), and rise in A20 (56.17±14.66 vs. 43.11±14.24, P=0.05) were more in patients preloaded with RL as compared to the HES group. 100% patients in the gelatin group, 84.2% patients in the NS group, 94.4% patients in the RL group, and 66.7% patients in the HES group had hypocoagulable (R time > 14 min) state in the postoperative period. Conclusion: Crystalloids are optimal volume expanders in trauma, with RL having beneficial effects on coagulation system (decrease in k time and increase in MA and A20). Among the colloids, HES 6% (130/0.4) affects coagulation parameters (increase in PTI, INR, R time, k time) more than gelatin. Trial registration (protocol number-IEC/NP-189/2011).
ON THE GEOMETRY OF WARPED PRODUCT PSEUDO-SLANT SUBMANIFOLDS IN A NEARLY COSYMPLECTIC MANIFOLD

In this paper, we study the non-trivial warped product pseudo-slant submanifold of a nearly cosymplectic manifold such that the extrinsic sphere is slant immersion. outset of the considering, we also show some integrability and totally geodesic foliations results for the distributions of pseudo-slant submanifold. Next, we demonstrate the characterization theorem for the existence of warped product isometrically immersed into nearly cosymplectic manifolds.
Aortic Stiffness, Flow-Mediated Dilatation and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a critical association with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and aortic stiffness are early signs of atherosclerosis. The presence of subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in OSA patients using these parameters. Methods: 40 patients with OSA showing an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≧5 (mean age 51.3 ± 9 years, 32 males) and 24 controls (AHI < 5, mean age 51.9 ± 5.2 years, 19 males) were enrolled in the study. In all subjects, polysomnographic examination and recordings were performed during sleep. IMT of the carotid artery, endothelium-dependent/-independent vasodilation of the brachial artery and aortic elastic parameters were investigated using high-resolution Doppler echocardiography. Results: The demographic data of the patients with OSA and controls were not significantly different. Subjects with OSA demonstrated higher values of aortic stiffness (7.1 ± 1.88 vs. 6.42 ± 1.56, respectively) and IMT (0.85 ± 0.13 vs. 0.63 ± 0.11 mm, p = 0.0001, respectively) but lower distensibility (9.47 ± 1.33 vs. 11.8 ± 3.36 cm2/dyn/106) and FMD (4.57 ± 1.3 vs. 6.34 ± 0.83%, p = 0.0001, respectively) than the controls. The respiratory disturbance index correlated positively with aortic stiffness and IMT and negatively with distensibility and FMD. Conclusion: We observed blunted endothelium-dependent dilatation, increased carotid IMT and aortic stiffness in patients with OSA compared with matched control subjects. This is evident in the absence of other diseases, suggesting that OSA is an independent cause of atherosclerosis. These simple and non-invasive methods help to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in OSA.
Different Brain Responses to Pain and Its Expectation in the Dental Chair

A dental appointment commonly prompts fear of a painful experience, yet we have never fully understood how our brains react to the expectation of imminent tooth pain once in a dental chair. In our study, 21 patients with hypersensitive teeth were tested using nonpainful and painful stimuli in a clinical setting. Subjects were tested in a dental chair using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure cortical activity during a stepwise cold stimulation of a hypersensitive tooth, as well as nonpainful control stimulation on the same tooth. Patients’ sensory-discriminative and emotional-cognitive cortical regions were studied through the transition of a neutral to a painful stimulation. In the putative somatosensory cortex contralateral to the stimulus, 2 well-defined hemodynamic peaks were detected in the homuncular orofacial region: the first peak during the nonpainful phase and a second peak after the pain threshold was reached. Moreover, in the upper-left and lower-right prefrontal cortices, there was a significant active hemodynamic response in only the first phase, before the pain. Subsequently, the same prefrontal cortical areas deactivated after a painful experience had been reached. Our study indicates for the first time that pain perception and expectation elicit different hemodynamic cortical responses in a dental clinical setting.
Biological and genetic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro derived from human adipose , umbilical cord and placenta

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from different tissues like bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, placenta and milk tooth, and as a result may cause some differences in them. In this study, we separated MSCs from adipose tissue (ASCs), Wharton’s Jelly of umbilical cord (WJ-MSCs) and chorionic plate of full-term placenta (CP-MSCs) using serum-free culture system with explant method, and compared the biological and genetic characteristics. The results indicated that these three types of MSCs, in low passages (less than 10 passages) are spindle-shaped cells, and the karyotype are normal within 15 passages. The surface of CD markers for these MSCs were negative for CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR (l<1%), and positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105 (>95%), except that CD90 was 88.82±11.83% in CP-MSCs. The ASCs expressed higher level of P16, whereas CP-MSCs and CP-MSCs had more expression of Nanog. The growth factor of HGF (4~6 ng/mL) was secreted by CP-MSCs at a higher level than ASCs and WJ-MSCs. In conclusion, MSCs in low passages were suitable for clinical application, and various MSCs related products could to be exploited for different diseases.
A stator resistance estimation scheme for speed sensorless rotor flux oriented induction motor drives

Accurate knowledge of stator resistance is of utmost importance for correct operation of a number of speed sensorless induction motor control schemes in the low speed region. Since stator resistance inevitably varies with operating conditions, stable and accurate operation at near-zero speed requires an appropriate online identification algorithm for the stator resistance. The paper proposes such an identification algorithm, which is developed for the rotor flux-based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) type of the speed estimator in conjunction with a rotor flux oriented control scheme. In this speed estimation method, only one degree of freedom (out of the two available) is utilized for speed estimation. It is proposed to utilize the second available degree of freedom as a means for adapting the stator resistance online. The parallel stator resistance and rotor speed identification algorithm is developed in a systematic manner, using Popov's hyperstability theory. It increases the complexity of the overall control system insignificantly and enables correct speed estimation and stable drive operation at near-zero speeds. The proposed speed estimator with parallel stator resistance identification is at first verified by simulation. Extensive experimentation is conducted next at low speeds of rotation and successful stator resistance identification is achieved down to 0.5-Hz frequency of rotation.
Source reconstruction via the spatiotemporal Kalman filter and LORETA from EEG time series with 32 or fewer electrodes

The clinical routine of non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) is usually performed with 8–40 electrodes, especially in long-term monitoring, infants or emergency care. There is a need in clinical and scientific brain imaging to develop inverse solution methods that can reconstruct brain sources from these low-density EEG recordings. In this proof-of-principle paper we investigate the performance of the spatiotemporal Kalman filter (STKF) in EEG source reconstruction with 9-, 19- and 32- electrodes. We used simulated EEG data of epileptic spikes generated from lateral frontal and lateral temporal brain sources using state-of-the-art neuronal population models. For validation of source reconstruction, we compared STKF results to the location of the simulated source and to the results of low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) standard inverse solution. STKF consistently showed less localization bias compared to LORETA, especially when the number of electrodes was decreased. The results encourage further research into the application of the STKF in source reconstruction of brain activity from low-density EEG recordings.
MODELING OF CNTs / NANOCOMPOSITES DEFORMATIONS AND TENSILE FRACTURE

A 3D nonlinear finite element model for single-walled carbon nanotubes with atom vacancy defects is proposed. The model is consistent with molecular mechanics formulations. Assuming defects in CNTs their influence on nanocomposite properties is discussed. The results are presented in the form of the strain-stress relations. The effective properties are evaluated with the use of the homogenization theory.
Sovereign Bond Risk Premiums

Credit risk has become an important factor driving government bond returns. We therefore introduce an asset pricing model which exploits information contained in both forward interest rates and forward CDS spreads. Our empirical analysis covers euro-zone countries with German government bonds as credit risk-free assets. We construct a market factor from the first three principal components of the German forward curve as well as a common and a country-specific credit factor from the principal components of the forward CDS curves. We find that predictability of risk premiums of sovereign euro-zone bonds improves substantially if the market factor is augmented by a common and an orthogonal country-specific credit factor. While the common credit factor is significant for most countries in the sample, the country-specific factor is significant mainly for peripheral euro-zone countries. Finally, we find that during the current crisis period, market and credit risk premiums of government bonds are negative over long subintervals, a finding that we attribute to the presence of financial repression in euro-zone countries.
f isotopic composition of single zircons from Neoproterozoic arc olcanics and post-collision granites , Eastern Desert of Egypt : mplications for crustal growth and recycling in the Arabian-Nubian hield

Zircon Hf isotopic compositions for Neoproterozoic igneous rocks in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt are presented and interpreted. The Humr Akarim (633 ± 7 and 603 ± 9 Ma)–Humrat Mukbid (625 ± 8 and 619 ± 8 Ma) plutons are Early Ediacaran post-collsional subsolvus granites. Their zircon ages range from 0.57 to 0.71 Ga, with high positive Hf(T) values of +4.0 to +11.9. Hf model ages (Hf-TDM) of 0.81–1.3 Ga, are close to the U–Pb crystallization ages. These isotopic characteristics, along with published wholerock Nd isotopic data, indicate that the protoliths were juvenile. The Wadi Kareim and Wadi El-Dabbah metavolcano-sedimentary rocks are Cryogenian (∼750 Ma) arc-related metabasalts, meta-andesites and f-isotopes eoproterozoic crust gypt ingle-zircon Hf-isotopes meta-tuffs. Their U–Pb zircon age populations range between 0.7–0.9, 0.9–1.5 Ga and 2.0–3.0 Ga. The youngest group represents magmatic zircons in the metavolcanics or reworked Neoproterozoic rocks in the metasediments. The 0.9–1.5 Ga and 2.0–3.0 Ga age groups are similar to those in pre-Neoproterozoic rocks that surround the Arabian-Nubian Shield and represent inherited or older detrital grains. The highly variable Hf(T) values (+23.5 to −35.0) and Hf-TDM ages (0.78–3.8 Ga) of Neoproterozoic zircons indicate that at least some of these magmas interacted with a pre-Neoproterozoic crustal source. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Non-destructive defect detection for MEMS devices using transient thermography

This paper investigates the use of transient infrared thermography in a transmission mode for subsurface defect detection within thin multilayer structures such as those found in MEMS devices. This was undertaken through the use of finite element analysis based simulations for several sizes of defects and for several combinations of substrate and thin film materials. The maximum temperature difference observable at the sample surface between defective and non-defective regions of the sample was investigated as a function of various parameters of the sample materials and defect geometry.
A product design principle

Design principles are recurring patterns of various degree of generality that are distilled out of observation and experience in design. They may result from product-based experience, process-based experience, or both. This paper will present a research method for analysis of products in order to develop product-based principles of an ethical nature, and present a principle developed using this framework.
EVALUATING THE GENERALIZATION PERFORMANCE OF A SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE BASED CLASSIFICATION METHODOLOGY IN BRAIN TUMOR ASTROCYTOMAS GRADING

Brain tumours astrocytomas’ grading is of crucial importance since it specifies treatment planning. Due to the subjective nature of the diagnostic process, computer-based systems have been introduced to improve inter and intra observer concordance among pathologists. In this study, we propose a computer-based system that automatically classifies microscopic images of astrocytomas according to degree of malignancy as low or high grade. In contrast to previous studies, the method was validated for its generalization in new cases and tested with clinical material collected from two hospitals. 46 cases were used to construct a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based image analysis system. 41 cases collected from a different hospital were used to validate the systems’ generalization to unseen data. SVM were comparatively evaluated with the Bayesian classifier and Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN). For the first data set, SVM gave 84.9% accuracy. For the validation unseen data set classification performance was 82.9%. SVM proved superior in performance compared to the Bayesian and PNN. Considering that the proposed system retains good performance even when tested with unknown new data, it can be concluded that such system can be used in parallel with conventional grading as a second opinion tool for the pathologists.
The long-term effect of quetiapine (Seroquel TM ) monotherapy on weight in patients with schizophrenia

INTRODUCTION: Quetiapine (Seroquel TM ) is an atypical antipsychoticdrug with demonstrated efficacy and tolerability. In particular, placebo-level extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) across the entire dose range and a low propensity to cause sexual dysfunction suggest it may be associated with greater patient acceptability than alternative treatments. However, other side-effects, such as weight gain, may also have a significant impact on treatment acceptability. METHOD: We report the long-term weight changes observed in a cohort of 427 patients with schizophrenia from controlled and open-label extension (OLE) trials, in which quetiapine (mean dose 475 mg/day after 1 year) was the only antipsychotic medication during the OLE period. RESULTS: In these patients, there was no overall effect on weight across the body mass index (BMI) spectrum. There were no dose-related effects on weight, and only one patient withdrew from treatment due to an adverse event of weight gain. Quetiapine appeared to have a weightneutral or 'normalizing' effect, with a tendency towards favourable shifts in bodyweight in underweight patients (BMI<18.5 kg/m 2 ) and severely obese patients (BMI>35 kg/m 2 ). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that long-term weight changes with quetiapine monotherapy are minimal and potentially beneficial, and do not appear to raise the medical concerns associated with some other atypical agents.
A Descriptive Study of Teacher / Leaner Interactions at the MA Level of the Fields of Teaching English as a Foreign Language , General Linguistics , and Translation Studies

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at investigating the degree of teachervs. studentcentered classroom interaction in the MA courses of three different fields of TEFL, General Linguistic, and Translation Studies at Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan. To achieve this aim, three different courses were randomly selected from each field and the second, the sixth, and the thirteen sessions, amounting to 270 minutes of class time, were observed and tape-recorded. The data were then analyzed based on Brown's Interaction Analysis System (BIAS) and subjected to a univariate analysis of variance, an analysis of variance, the Chi-square test, and also an independent-samples t-test to see if the obtained differences were meaningful. Post hoc Scheffe test was also conducted to illuminate the exact location of the differences. A researcher-made questionnaire was also distributed among the student participants to investigate their reactions to and their assessments of the related aspects of the study. The findings obtained in these two stages were then compared. The results indicated that although the investigated fields differed from each other in terms of learner/ teacher interactions, the differences, except in the case of Responding Behavior, were not statistically significant.
CALIFORNIA MUSSELS AS BIO- INDICATORS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Natural Resources Agency. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Natural Resources Agency, its employees or the State of California. The Natural Resources Agency, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the Natural Resources Agency nor has the Natural Resources Agency passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report.
Effects of Nanosilver in Improving Fire-Retarding Properties of Borax in Solid Woods

applications. However, it has some disadvantages such as water absorption and thickness swelling, knots, etc. Therefore, it is sometimes modified to give better and more uniform quality [1, 2]. Fire safety is an important concern in all types of construction. Wood is exceptionally important in this concern; it burns when exposed to fire or to high temperature. Thermal degradation of wood occurs in stages. The degradation process and the exact products of thermal degradation depend on the temperature level and length of time under exposure conditions. The sequence of events for wood combustion is as follows [3, 4]: • The wood, responding to heating, decomposes or pyrolysis into volatiles and Int. J. Bio-Inorg. Hybd. Nanomat. , Vol. 1, No. 3 (2012), 159-167