Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nature and Extent of Rural Women's Participation in Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Activities

Rural women in Bangladesh are involved in different works in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. The present study was undertaken to determine the nature and extent of participation of rural women in various agricultural and non-agricultural activities. A sample size of 96 women labour was drawn from three villages of Mithapukur upazial (25o23' to 25o41'N latitude and 89o06' to 89o26'E longitude) of Rangpur district (25o17' to 25o57'N latitude and 88o95' to 89o32'E longitude). The findings showed that most of the respondents constitute economically active age group who were mostly illiterate. Rural women area largely took part in homestead gardening, harvesting crops, post-harvest operation, selling labour, sewing katha , 'buying daily necessities' and rice husking by dhekhi . Women were involved in various activities in order to meet basic family needs, increase family income and meet additional family requirements. The values of correlation coefficient (r) indicated that age of the respondents, amount of indebtedness of the family and family size were positively, and level of education and size of landholding are negatively associated with the participation of rural women in various agricultural and non-agricultural activities, whereas, average annual income and wage rate have no significant relationship with their participation in various activities.
Job Satisfaction among Expatriate and National Employees in an Arabian Gulf Context

This study examines the influence of nationality of managers (domestic or expatriate) on work satisfaction in the banking industry in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The impact of the nationality of managers on five dimensions of work-based satisfaction was assessed. These dimensions include satisfaction with pay, satisfaction with job characteristics, satisfaction with promotion opportunities, satisfaction with co-workers, and satisfaction with supervisors. The principal finding of the study is that domestic bank managers express a higher level of satisfaction with pay, job characteristics, promotion opportunities, co-workers, and supervisors than their expatriate counterparts. The study attributes this disparity to social comparison, complexity of work, job stress, role ambiguity, lack of integration in formal and social network within work groups, unfulfilled career advancement, language and culture barriers, and the authoritarian management style of Arab managers.
The Effect of Capital Structure, Profitability and Dividend Policy on Intrinsic Value of Firm

Objectives : To investigate the effect of capital structure, profitability and dividend policy to intrinsic value of firm on property and real estate companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Method/Analysis : The data of this study are analyzed using path analysis at alpha 5%. The population of this study are the property and real estate sector companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from period 2013 to 2015 and the sample are 51 companies. Capital structure and profitability as independent variable, dividend policy as intervening variable and intrinsic value of firm as dependent variable which is the present value of projected free cash flow to firm. Findings : The result of the study finds that capital structure and profitability have significant effect on intrinsic value of firm. Dividend policy have no significant effect on intrinsic value of firm. The results also show that dividend policy is not a mediating variable between capital structure and profitability to intrinsic value of firm. Keywords: Capital Structure, Profitability, Dividend Policy, Intrinsic Value of Firm, Free Cash Flow to Firm
Mature seeds for in vitro sanitation of the Grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3) from grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

The conservation of old grapevine varieties is important since they are adapted to specific climate conditions and may carry genes interesting to breeders. As virus infection is common in grapevine varieties, the use of virus free materials is of great importance. In this work, we used somatic embryogenesis for the sanitation of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 viruses that were found after analyzing the putative presence of the five most common, economically important grape viruses by real-time multiplex RT-PCR in the old cultivar “Grumet Negre”. Unopened and opened inflorescences, fecundated ovaries, and, also, mature seeds were used as starting explants. Explants were cultured on plates with two embryogenesis induction media (Nitsch & McCown Woody plant medium) that contained the growth regulator thidiazuron and differed in their salt and vitamin compositions. One half of each kind of explant was cut prior to being cultured. After five months of culture, embryos had only developed from seeds that were cut previous to sowing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that mature seeds have been used for inducing embryogenesis in grape. A total of 42% of the embryos transferred to tubes for germination regenerated into normal plantlets. The absence of both the GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 viruses in all regenerated plants was confirmed by real-time uniplex RT-PCR. So, this protocol can be used for sanitation and also for micropropagation.
TRAIT, RATER AND LEVEL EFFECTS IN 360‐DEGREE PERFORMANCE RATINGS

Method and trait effects in multitrait-multirater (MTMR) data were examined in a sample of 2,350 managers who participated in a developmental feedback program. Managers rated their own performance and were also rated by two subordinates, two peers, and two bosses. The primary purpose of the study was to determine whether method effects are associated with the level of the rater (boss, peer, subordinate, self) or with each individual rater, or both. Previous research which has tacitly assumed that method effects are associated with the level of the rater has included only one rater from each level; consequently, method effects due to the rater's level may have been confounded with those due to the individual rater. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, the present results revealed that of the five models tested, the best fit was the 10-factor model which hypothesized 7 method factors (one for each individual rater) and 3 trait factors. These results suggest that method variance in MTMR data is more strongly associated with individual raters than with the rater's level. Implications for research and practice pertaining to multirater feedback programs are discussed.
Innovation for development and poverty reduction: an integrative literature review

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a critical analysis of the innovation discourse, arguing that a more contextualised understanding of the challenges of innovation for development and poverty reduction in low-income economies will help the authors’ to unravel new development opportunities and provide alternatives to conventional capitalist paths to innovation. Design/methodology/approach The authors offer an integrative review of the literature addressing the topic of innovation emerging from within developing countries. Because existing innovation models are generally presented in ways that reflect practices and thought patterns inherent to the industrialised world, a literature review that offers an initial conceptualisation and synthesis of the literature to date on the theme of innovation from within developing countries provides for a more valuable contribution than a reconceptualization of existing models. Findings The paper highlights different narratives of innovation, how they emerge and what are their implications. The authors outline a research agenda for generating new knowledge about innovation capabilities in what is generally known as the developing world. Originality/value This paper shows that the recent evolution of the discourse of development is increasingly intertwined with elements that originated in other discursive worlds. The last three decades of innovation research have been characterised by a “cross-pollination” between different disciplines: development studies, science and technology studies, business management and organisation studies. By reviewing major research works conducted by scholars in these disciplines, this paper weds literature that heretofore have remained largely isolated from each other. The key innovation narratives that the study unveils – e.g. inclusive growth, bottom of the pyramid, grassroots innovation – address major questions of concern to these academic scholars around the political and socio-technical aspects that influence a firm’s capacity to innovate in the context of developing countries.
A System Dynamics Approach to Modeling Future Climate Scenarios: Quantifying and Projecting Patterns of Evapotranspiration and Precipitation in the Salton Sea Watershed

The need for improved quantitative precipitation forecasts and realistic assessments of the regional impacts of natural climate variability and climate change has generated increased interest in regional (i.e., systems-scale) climate simulation. The Salton Sea Stochastic Simulation Model (S4M) was developed to assist planners and residents of the Salton Sea (SS) transboundary watershed (USA and Mexico) in making sound policy decisions regarding complex water-related issues. In order to develop the S4M with a higher degree of climate forecasting resolution, an in-depth analysis was conducted regarding precipitation and evapotranspiration for the semiarid region of the watershed. Weather station data were compiled for both precipitation and evapotranspiration from 1980 to 2004. Several logistic regression models were developed for determining the relationships among precipitation events, that is, duration and volume, and evapotranspiration levels. These data were then used to develop a stochastic weather generator for S4M. Analyses revealed that the cumulative effects and changes of ±10 percent in SS inflows can have significant effects on sea elevation and salinity. The aforementioned technique maintains the relationships between the historic frequency distributions of both precipitation and evapotranspiration, and not as separate unconnected and constrained variables.
Molecular and Pathological Analysis of Chicken Anemia Virus Isolated from Field Infection in Three Egyptian Provinces

| Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a ubiquitous pathogen of chickens causing economically important disease in commercial flocks, around the globe. The present study was designed to assess the epidemiological, molecular and pathological characteristics of CAV from field infections in forty unvaccinated commercial broiler flocks in three Egyptian provinces. Important clinical features such as stunting, depression and mortalities ranged from 3-31.25% were observed. Post-mortem examination revealed pale liver, enlarged spleen and severe thymus and bursal atrophy; whilst, the major histopathologic findings were lymphoid depletion and focal hepatic necrosis. The characteristic apoptotic patterns were confirmed using TUNEL assay. Moreover, a serologic survey was performed using ELISA assay to detect CIA virus (CAV)-specific antibody. A total of 85% of the examined flocks was found seropositive while, CAV DNA was detected in 65% of the examined flocks using PCR. The phylogenetic analysis of two Egyptian CAVs indicated their grouping close to viruses previously reported from China and the Middle East. The characterized viruses were distinct from viruses recently reported from Egypt and from rest of the Africa. Furthermore, genetic matching indicated that circulating CAVs in Egypt carry marked variations compared to a commercial CAV vaccine strain (Nobilis® CAV P4) and old Egyptian CAV isolates of 1990s. Taken together, the present study highlights the significance of CAV in Egypt and proposes further studies to systemically compare the genetic divergence and vaccine matching. These findings are fundamental in any effort to control avian pathogens in the country.
Politicisation of migrant leisure: a public and civil intervention involving organised sports

Using the perspective of governmentality this article aims to contribute to an understanding of the rationalities of specific political interventions, and the techniques used to monitor the leisure activities of particular target groups. This process of politicization is revealed here through a case study of an intervention that provides sporting activities in holiday periods for migrant children and adolescents living in so-called socially disadvantaged areas (DGI Playground). The analysis highlights the rationality that the leisure time of migrant youth is a potentially dangerous time slot and they must be engaged in organized sports; that is not only healthy but also civilizing and character forming leisure time activities. Techniques of monitoring the intervention are developed in a partnership between public institutions, regional umbrella organizations and local sports clubs leading to a need for employment of welfare professionals. Furthermore, the article illustrates that in the discursive construction of subject positions for the target group, migrant youth tend to become clients and recipients of public services rather than potential members of civil sports clubs. These findings are supported by ethnographic interviews with participants that show how youngsters who took part in DGI Playground were able to reflect the official aim of the programme and relate this to their desire to have fun and hang out with their friends. The article ends with a discussion of the further scope of applying critical theoretical perspectives to studies of migrants’ leisure and sports activities.
Role of physical forcings and nutrient availability on the control of satellite-based chlorophyll a concentration in the coastal upwelling area of the Sicilian Channel

The northern sector of the Sicilian Channel is an area of favourable upwelling winds, which ought to support primary production. However, the values for primary production are low when compared with other Mediterranean areas and very low compared with the most biologically productive regions of the world’s oceans: California, the Canary Islands, Humboldt and Benguela. The aim of this study was to identify the main factors that limit phytoplankton biomass in the Sicilian Channel and modulate its monthly changes. We compared satellite-based estimates of chlorophyll a concentration in the Strait of Sicily with those observed in the four Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems mentioned above and in other Mediterranean wind-induced coastal upwelling systems (the Alboran Sea, the Gulf of Lions and the Aegean Sea). Our results show that this low level of chlorophyll is mainly due to the low nutrient level in surface and sub-surface waters, independently of wind-induced upwelling intensity. Further, monthly changes in chlorophyll are mainly driven by the mixing of water column and wind-induced and/or circulation-related upwelling processes. Finally, primary production limitation due to the enhanced stratification processes resulting from the general warming trend of Mediterranean waters is not active over most of the coastal upwelling area off the southern Sicilian coast.
Getting to Know You

Despite recent theoretical advances, the pattern of trust development between coworkers has yet to receive focused longitudinal attention. Furthermore, current theory suggests that employees attend to an array of independent trust cues in any given situation but fails to identify which cues are important when. In a four-wave longitudinal field study, we demonstrate how new coworker intentions to engage in trust behaviors (reliance and disclosure) evolve during employee socialization and examine the trust cues that prime decisions to trust. We present a latent growth model of trust development that reveals, for the first time, that reliance and disclosure intentions in early work relationships develop in a positive, nonlinear pattern over time. Furthermore, the study indicates that propensity to trust has a statistically significant effect on the initial status of intention to rely on and disclose information to coworkers but not on changes in trust behavior over time. The multiwave design permits comprehensive assessment of the change in impact of different trust cues over time and demonstrates that the importance of certain cues varies depending primarily on the type of trust in question and potentially changes as a relationship matures. We discuss the theoretical implications and directions for future research.
Seismic response of a nuclear power generation complex including structure-to-structure interaction effects

Seismic responses of the Zion nuclear power generation complex accounting for structure-to-structure interaction effects as predicted by CLASSI and FLUSH Codes are presented in this paper. Two aspects of the multi-structure analyses were considered: the effect of structure-to-structure interaction on structure response and the variability in structure response as predicted by different codes, including structure-to-structure interaction. The effect of structure- to-structure interaction on the response of the Zion reactor building and AFT complex (the auxiliary/fuel-handling/turbine building complex) was assessed by comparing the results of CLASSI analyses with and without interaction between structures. The results show that the reactor building has a very small effect on the AFT complex, but the effect of structure-to-structure interaction on the reactor building from the AFT complex is substantial. A comparison of the reactor building`s response as predicted by CLASSI and FLUSH, structures including structure-to-structure interaction, shows significant differences. Modeling three-dimensional configuration of a complicated power plant structure such as the Zion`s with equivalent two-dimensional models for structure-to-structure interaction analysis requires careful consideration.
Can we estimate forest gross primary production from leaf lifespan? A test in a young Fagus crenata forest

It has been well established that leaf longevity is linked to the carbon economy of plants. We used this relationship to predict leaf lifetime carbon gains from leaf lifespan, and estimated the gross primary production (GPP) of a young deciduous forest of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) located in central Japan. The light-saturated photosynthetic rates of the leaves were measured repeatedly during the growing season. We used the leaf lifespan to calculate the conversion coefficient from the light-saturated photosynthetic rate into the realized leaf lifetime carbon gain under field conditions. The leaf turnover rate was estimated using litter traps. GPP was estimated as the product of lifetime carbon gain per unit of leaf mass, and the annual leaf turnover rate. The GPP of the forest in 2007 was estimated to be , which was within the range of previously reported GPP values of beech forests in Japan, and was close to the GPP of a European beech forest, as estimated by eddy flux measurements.
Past and future changes in sea level near the Estonian coast in relation to changes in wind climate

The dependence of sea level on past and future climatological conditions is investigated in nearly tideless semi-enclosed sub-basins of the Baltic Sea using trend analysis of the tide gauge data for the period of 1924–2003 and hydrodynamic modelling. The results suggest that in addition to the effect of eustatic rise in mean sea level and its partial compensation by isostatic land uplift, the water level has risen by up to 6 cm near the Estonian coast during the last fifty years, probably due to changes in wind climate. The sea-level increase was concentrated in the period from November to March. It is in good correlation with increasing trends in local storminess and in higher intensity of westerlies, as described by AO and NAO indices. For the future sea level, a set of sensitivity and scenario runs considering possible future changes in wind climate was performed using a 2D hydrodynamic model with a 1-km grid-step. The scenario runs show that if the intensity of westerlies continues to grow (with less than 20% annual mean wind speed increase) the local annual mean sea level rise up to 5–6 cm can occur in some windward bays of the Gulf of Riga. The rise can be up to 9–11 cm in winter months, while in summer the sea level rise is unlikely. Also, increase in variability and extremes can be expected.
The Study of The Factor Structure of The Thai Version of Geloph

The present study was designed to investigate the factor structure of the Thai version of the GELOPH scale in Thailand and test its reliability and validity via its relationship with measures of self-esteem and life satisfaction. The participants consisted of 210 Thai citizens (58 males, 152 females) aged over 18 years and willing to fill in the study’s questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis of the Thai version of GELOPH yielded three factors (i.e., inability to deal with gelotophobia, negative reaction towards gelotophobia, and social avoidance) that are different from the original GELOPH German version in which one dimension fit its data best and was identified by Ruch and Proyer (2008). Test of convergent validity showed that the GELOPH ’s three factors have negative correlation with self-esteem and life satisfaction. The analysis of demographic differences revealed that gender, age, and marital status have no significant effect on the three gelotophobia factors.
Biochemical adaptations of Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta) to temporarily increased hydrogen peroxide levels in intertidal sandflats

: Toxic hydrogen peroxide (H202] is photochemically generated in hyperoxic and normoxlc intertidal pools. Surprisingly high amounts of H202 penetrate the redoxcline, and are measurable in pore water in spite of the anoxic conditions prevailing there. Bioturbate macrofauna inhabiting these sediments encounters oxic conditions with peroxide in surface pools and anoxic conditions with peroxide in the sediment. We studied antioxidative properties in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed annual variations correlated to the environmental peroxide concentrations. Epitokous specimens from April exhibited very high enzyme activities. Catalase was predominantly localised in the mitochondria and is inducible by peroxide incubation under experimental conditions. SOD activities were not inducible during oxic peroxide incubation. In contrast, SOD had higher activities when the worms were kept anoxically in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (100 pM) or hydrogen peroxide (5 PM). The radical stress the worms encountered during anoxic peroxide incubation was reflected by a highly increased lactate formation. Under oxic conditions 500 nM H202 decreased oxygen uptake of N. diversicolor by 38%. In epitokous N. diversicolor, this was accompanied by a conversion of heme to the green pigment biliverdin, a potent antioxidant. Billverdin was accumulated by the worms dunng oogenesis under natural condi- tions. Therefore its formation during spawning seems to be a response to increasing hydrogen peroxide concentrations in sediment pore water during spring. Biliverdin was not formed under anoxic condi- tions, because the conversion requires oxygen. Atokous worms lacked the ability to form biliverdin when exposed to peroxide.