Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resolving the mesospheric nighttime 4.3 μm emission puzzle: Comparison of the CO2(ν3) and OH(v) emission models with space and ground based observations

In the 1970s, the mechanism of vibrational energy transfer from chemically produced OH(ν) in the nighttime mesosphere to the CO2(ν3) vibration, OH(ν)⇒N2(ν)⇒CO2(ν3) was proposed. In later studies it was shown that this "direct" mechanism for simulated nighttime 4.3 μm emissions of the mesosphere is not sufficient to explain space observations. In order to better match these observations, an additional enhancement is needed that would be equivalent to the production of 2.8-3 N2(1) molecules instead of one N2(1) molecule in each quenching reaction of OH(ν)+N2(0). 5 Recently a new “indirect” channel of the OH(ν) energy transfer to N2(ν) vibrations, OH(ν)⇒O(D)⇒N2(ν), was suggested and then confirmed in a laboratory experiment, where its rate for OH(ν=9)+O(P) was measured. We studied in detail the impact of the “direct” and “indirect” mechanisms on CO2(ν3) and OH(v) vibrational level populations and emissions. We also compared our calculations with (a) the SABER/TIMED nighttime 4.3 μm CO2 and OH 1.6 and 2.0 μm limb radiances of the MLT and (b) with ground and space observations of OH(ν) densities in the nighttime 10 mesosphere. We found that the new "indirect" channel provides a strong enhancement of the 4.3 μm CO2 emission, which is comparable to that obtained with the "direct" mechanism alone but assuming an efficiency that is 3 times higher. Both models match well with SABER nighttime 4.3 μm radiances. The model based on the "indirect" channel is also in good agreement with both SABER limb OH emission observations and ground and space measurements of OH(v) densities. This is, however, not true for the model which relies on the "direct" mechanism alone. This mismatch is 15 caused by the lack of an efficient redistribution of the OH(ν) energy from higher vibrational levels emitting at 2.0 μm to lower levels emitting at 1.6 μm. In contrast, this new "indirect" mechanism efficiently removes at least 5 quanta in each OH(ν ≥ 5)+O(P) collision and provides the OH(v) distributions, which agree with both SABER limb OH emission observations and ground and space based OH(v) density measurements. This analysis suggests that the important
Exploring Interaction Effects in Two-Factor Studies using the hiddenf Package in R

In crossed, two-factor studies with one observation per factor-level combination, interaction effects between factors can be hard to detect and can make the choice of a suitable statistical model difficult. This article describes hiddenf, an R package that enables users to quantify and characterize a certain form of interaction in two-factor layouts. When effects of one factor (a) fall into two groups depending on the level of another factor, and (b) are constant within these groups, the interaction pattern is deemed "hidden additivity" because within groups, the effects of the two factors are additive, while between groups the factors are allowed to interact. The hiddenf software can be used to estimate, test, and report an appropriate factorial effects model corresponding to hidden additivity, which is intermediate between the unavailable full factorial model and the overly-simplistic additive model. Further, the software also conducts five statistical tests for interaction proposed between 1949 and 2014. A collection of 17 datasets is used for illustration.
Hepatic and Haemato-biochemical Alterations in Juvenile Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) on Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seed Meal

Pawpaw seed meal (PSM) can be used as an antifertility agent in animals, however there is no information on its potential toxicological effect on Mozambique tilapia (O. mossambicus). In this study the effect of PSM on the liver, blood haematological and biochemical parameters of O. mossambicus juveniles was assessed to ascertain its suitability as a reproductive suppressant. The PSM was administered at an inclusion level of 10 g and 30 g/kg of a commercial tilapia diet (basal diet, BD) for 30 and 60 days, respectively. The potential toxicological effect was assessed by determining the extent of change in the normal haematological (RBC count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, thrombocyte count, absolute WBC and differential cell counts) and biochemical (cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose) parameters. Haematological and biochemical profiles of different treatment groups did not differ throughout the course of the investigation. Liver weight and hepatosomatic index values of the treated fish were comparable to those of the control. The absence of any effect of the blood parameters measured in this study also indicate that PSM has no compromising influence on the immune system of the fish, indicating that PSM can be considered as a safe alternative to induce masculinization in Mozambique tilapia, and therefore act as a reproductive inhibitor.
Influence of Water Stress and Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Development of Two Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) Cultivars

Water stress is a major factor limiting crop production in many regions of the world. There is evidence that plant growth regulators could be used to partially counteract environmental stresses and improve crop productivity. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted at the University of Jordan Research Station during 2000/2001 growing season to examine the influence of mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride) and ethephon (2-chloroethyl-phosphonic acid) on growth, yield and water use efficiency of two selected wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). In greenhouse pot experiments, seeds of Hourani and Petra cultivars were soaked with mepiquat chloride solution at the rate of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg kg–1 seeds before sowing in one experiment while ethephon was sprayed at the rate of 0, 150, 300 g ha–1 at seedling and tillering stages in a second experiment. Plants were subjected to two moisture levels; optimum water (70-100% of field capacity) and water-stressed (30% of field capacity) for the entire growth period of the two cultivars. In field experiments, ethephon solutions were sprayed at the rate of 0, 150, 300, and 450 g ha -1 at seedling, tillering and stem elongation stages in one experiment. Other experiment seeds of both cultivars were soaked with mepiquat chloride solution at the rate of 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg kg –1 before sowing. Applications of mepiquat chloride and ethephon showed no influence on shoot to root ratio of wheat plants. Grain yield of both cultivars grown under optimum moisture and water-stressed conditions was increased with mepiquat chloride treatment. Ethephon treatment increased grain yield and harvest index of Hourani under optimum moisture conditions in both greenhouse and field experiments which might be attributed to the increase in the number of fertile tillers per plant. Water use efficiency of Hourani was improved only by mepiquat chloride treatment. Petra produced more grain yield by up to 40% than Hourani. Moreover, Petra had a higher number of fertile tillers and harvest index than Hourani.
Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance pattern of Bacteria associated with Wound infection in some Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria.

A total of 202 wound samples consisting of surgical, burn and accident/cut, collected randomly from patients in some hospitals in Lagos were examined using standard microbiological techniques. Wound infections were more prevalent in children and adolescent (0-20 years) with 96(48%) as against adults (21-40) with 64(32%) which declines from age 41-60 and above. A high incidence of bacterial isolates in wound was observed which were either pathogens or opportunistic pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was the most frequently isolated bacterium with 128(40%), Enterobacter sp. , 60(19%), Proteus mirabilis56(18%), Escherichia coli, 20(6%) and Staphylococcus aureus, 16(5%). Accident/cut wounds constituted 52%, burn wounds, 32%, while surgical wounds accounted for only 16%. Antibiotic susceptibility studies with the disc diffusion technique on the bacterial isolates showed that most bacteria tested were resistant to amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, augmentin, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin. However, in-vitro efficacy was shown by gentamicin and ofloxacin. Wounds independent of infection site led tohospitalization for mostly 1-2 days (72%) while very few were hospitalized for over 5 days Â (10%). Cleanliness and good personal hygiene should be taken seriously and enlightenment of the general public on the consequences of wound infection by our health care delivery system is strongly advocated.
Determinants of Continuous Intention on Food Delivery Apps: Extending UTAUT2 with Information Quality

This study empirically analyzes an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model that augments information quality to identify the determinants of continuous use intention for food delivery software applications. A sample survey of 340 respondents who had ordered or purchased food through delivery apps was used for the analysis. The results indicate that habit had the strongest influence on continuous use intention, followed by performance expectancy and social influence. Furthermore, information quality had an indirect effect on continuous use intention via performance expectancy. Consequently, this study confirms the importance of information quality, performance expectancy, habit, and social influence as factors in inducing users’ continuous use intention for food delivery apps. These findings expand previous research in online-to-offline business in the field of food services and suggest practical implications. Ultimately, the model proposed and validated in this study may be employed as a basis for future research on consumer behavior in the field of food e-commerce services.
PPP Accuracy Enhancement Using GPS/GLONASS Observations in Kinematic Mode

Commonly, kinematic PPP techniques employ un-differenced ionosphere-free linear combination of GPS observations. This, however, may not provide continuous solution in urban areas as a result of limited satellite visibility. In this paper, the traditional un-differenced as well as between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) ionosphere-free linear combinations of GPS and GLONASS measurements are developed. Except GLONASS satellite clock products, the final precise GPS and GLONASS satellites clock and orbital products obtained from the multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) are used. The effects of ocean loading, earth tide, carrier-phase windup, sagnac, relativity, and satellite and receiver antenna phase-center variations are rigorously modeled. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is developed to process the combined GPS/GLONASS measurements. A comparison is made between three kinematic PPP solutions, namely standalone GPS, standalone GLONASS, and combined GPS/ GLONASS solutions. In general, the results indicate that the addition of GLONASS observations improves the kinematic positioning accuracy in comparison with the standalone GPS PPP positioning accuracy. In addition, BSSD solution is found to be superior to that of the traditional un-diffe- renced model.
Stopover refueling rate underlies protandry and seasonal variation in migration timing of songbirds

We used plasma metabolite analysis to assess refueling rates of songbirds at stopover sites in New York and test hypotheses that males refuel faster than females during spring (in 2 species), migrants refuel faster during spring than autumn (in 5 species), and adults refuel faster than juveniles during autumn (in 4 species). Model selection based on Akaike’s information criterion indicated that males had higher refueling rates than females during spring in both species tested. Spring migrants had higher refueling rates than autumn migrants in 4 of the 5 species we examined. Juvenile and adult refueling rates during autumn did not differ in any species. Our results indicate that variation in stopover refueling rate can operate as a mechanism for protandry in spring and faster migration during spring than autumn. We found no evidence that juvenile refueling performance during autumn was poorer than that of adults.
Scaling of apparent stress from broadband radiated energy catalogue and seismic moment catalogue and its focal mechanism dependence

Comparison between the NEIC broadband radiated energy catalogue and the Harvard CMT catalogue provides information about the properties of apparent stress. Based on the numerical studies of Shaw (1998) we examined the ratio of broadband radiated energy and scalar seismic moment of shallow earthquakes worldwide from 1987 to 1998. It is observed that for different focal mechanisms, scaling of apparent stress or ‘scaled energy’ with seismic moment is different. For thrust and normal events, apparent stress decreases with seismic moment; while for strikeslip events, apparent stress increases with seismic moment. On average, for thrust events, the apparent stress of aftershocks is higher than that of main shocks; for strike-slip events, the apparent stress of aftershocks is lower than that of main shocks; while the situation of normal events is in between.
Approximating the Standard Essentiality of Patents - A Semantics-Based Analysis

Standard-essential patents (SEPs) have become a key element of technical coordination in standard-setting organizations. Yet, in many cases, it remains unclear whether a declared SEP is truly standard-essential. To date, there is no automated procedure that allows for a scalable and objective assessment of SEP status. This paper introduces a semantics-based method for approximating the standard essentiality of patents. We provide details on the procedure that generates the measure of standard essentiality and present the results of several validation exercises. In a first empirical application we illustrate the measure’s usefulness in estimating the share of true SEPs in firm patent portfolios for several mobile telecommunication standards. We find firm-level differences that are statistically significant and economically substantial. Furthermore, we observe a general decline in the average share of true SEPs between successive standard generations.
A comparison of three speaker-intrinsic vowel formant frequency normalization algorithms for sociophonetics

Abstract This article evaluates a speaker-intrinsic vowel formant frequency normalization algorithm initially proposed in Watt & Fabricius (2002). We compare how well this routine, known as the S-centroid procedure, performs as a sociophonetic research tool in three ways: reducing variance in area ratios of vowel spaces (by attempting to equalize vowel space areas); improving overlap of vowel polygons; and reproducing relative positions of vowel means within the vowel space, compared with formant data in raw Hertz. The study uses existing data sets of vowel formant data from two varieties of English, Received Pronunciation and Aberdeen English (northeast Scotland). We conclude that, for the data examined here, the S-centroid W&F procedure performs at least as well as the two speaker-intrinsic, vowel-extrinsic, formant-intrinsic normalization methods rated as best performing by Adank (2003): Lobanov's (1971) z-score procedure and Nearey's (1978) individual log-mean procedure (CLIHi4 in Adank [2003], CLIHi2 as tested here), and in some test cases better than the latter.
Analysis of genetic diversity of Romanian buffalo – a preliminary study

Romanian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, LINNAEUS, 1758) was an important resource for meat and milk, plus a number of traditions associated with this species. Currently in our country buffalo herd is continuously decreasing. In this context, conservation of genetic resources represents an extremely important action. Loss of genetic diversity is the main cause of the disappearance of populations or their entrance in the area of vulnerable or endangered risk status. The goal of this study is to evaluate the genetic diversity within Romanian Buffalo population from Șercaia Research and Development Station for Buffalo Breeding, using information provided by microsatellites. For the investigated population, the results suggest the existence of crosses in the past of population, without being able to specify the type of the cross. Only genealogical analysis will be precisely this, but the fact that molecular genetics senses this is an advantage. Also, a bottleneck effect was underlined. There is no question of inbreeding in case of studied loci, but the problem also requires genealogical studies. Heterogeneity is an asset for the future of population.
Effects of offshore wind farms on marine wildlife—a generalized impact assessment

Marine management plans over the world express high expectations to the development of offshore wind energy. This would obviously contribute to renewable energy production, but potential conflicts with other usages of the marine landscape, as well as conservation interests, are evident. The present study synthesizes the current state of understanding on the effects of offshore wind farms on marine wildlife, in order to identify general versus local conclusions in published studies. The results were translated into a generalized impact assessment for coastal waters in Sweden, which covers a range of salinity conditions from marine to nearly fresh waters. Hence, the conclusions are potentially applicable to marine planning situations in various aquatic ecosystems. The assessment considered impact with respect to temporal and spatial extent of the pressure, effect within each ecosystem component, and level of certainty. Research on the environmental effects of offshore wind farms has gone through a rapid maturation and learning process, with the bulk of knowledge being developed within the past ten years. The studies showed a high level of consensus with respect to the construction phase, indicating that potential impacts on marine life should be carefully considered in marine spatial planning. Potential impacts during the operational phase were more locally variable, and could be either negative or positive depending on biological conditions as well as prevailing management goals. There was paucity in studies on cumulative impacts and long-term effects on the food web, as well as on combined effects with other human activities, such as the fisheries. These aspects remain key open issues for a sustainable marine spatial planning.
The Comparison of the Effect of Modeling and Imagery Type on Self- Efficacy of the Volleyball Simple Serve

Imagery and modeling are similar cognitive processes that serve as vicarious experiences that provide information that effect self - efficacy. However, some imagery studies have shown a model of correct performance before beginning imagery to ensure that subjects are imagining the skill correctly; thus, confounding modeling and imagery. In a study that separated these factors, imagery type was not controlled. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was the comparison of the effect of modeling, internal imagery, and external imagery on self - efficacy of volleyball simple serve using a pretest - posttest matched - groups design. 48 novice female students with average imagery ability were randomly selected and matched in 4 groups based on self - efficacy (control, modeling, internal and external imagery). Data of self - efficacy at pretest and posttest were analyzed by 4(group)*2(test) ANOVA with repeated measures of test factor sand post hoc paired t test with Bonferroni adjustment. Results indicated that the self - efficacy of modeling group and after that internal imagery and external imagery were significantly better than control groups in posttest, but there were not significant differences between self - efficacy at modeling internal and external imagery groups in pretest and post test. These findings suggest that self - efficacy is effective factor in mount motor Learning and information that person receive by modeling is more effective on self - efficacy than internal and external imagery.
The Macrotheme Review A multidisciplinary journal of global macro trends Entrepreneurial Intentions among Indigenous Dayak in Sarawak , Malaysia : An Assessment of Personality Traits and Social Learning

This study examines two aspects that have major influence to entrepreneurship as widely described in literature: the personality traits and social learning. The interest of study was on the indigenous Dayak in East Sarawak Malaysia. With the use of quantitative methods for data collection and analysis, the impacts of personality traits and social learning of the respondents on development of their entrepreneurial intentions were investigated. The correlation analysis indicated that the respondents’ entrepreneurial intentions are positively correlated to their personality traits (risk taking propensity, innovativeness and tolerance of ambiguity), and social learning (knowledge and experience, family upbringing). This study therefore articulates the present view of Dayak in Sarawak about their entrepreneurial intention, and its implication to indigenous entrepreneurship development.
Attitudes towards Mathematics: Effects of Individual, Motivational, and Social Support Factors

This paper aims to understand how certain different but interrelated variables such as background, motivation, and social support could lead to an explanation of student attitudes towards math and to an understanding of the defining characteristics of these attitudes in the school environment. Participants consisted of 1719 Portuguese students, from fifth-to-twelfth grade. The study utilizes an adaptation of the “Intrinsic Motivation Inventory” assessing main determinants of intrinsic motivation. One section of the questionnaire—“In my Math Class”—also assesses student perceptions of teacher and peer support as well as student attitudes. The results revealed that, in general, students held positive attitudes towards mathematics and also highlighted the main effects of grade and math achievement on these attitudes. No gender effect was identified although the girls showed a continuous decline in attitudes the further they progressed in school. A hierarchical analysis using structural equation modeling showed that motivation-related variables are the main predictors of attitudes towards mathematics and that teachers and the social support of peers are also highly significant in understanding these attitudes.
Study on chemical , physical , microbiological and sensory of yoghurt enriched by Spirulina platensis

Yoghurt is a fermented food product which is commonly consumed by people and its consumption increase by year. This increasing would results in significant development on diversification of yoghurt due to its benefit for human health. The addition of Spirulina platensis into yoghurt can increase the quality of yoghurt especially on nutritional and functional properties of the product. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the best concentration of S. platensis to yoghurt product, to observe the characteristics of chemical, physical, microbiological and hedonic of enriched yoghurt. The materials used were yoghurt added with different concentration of S. platensis (0.5%; 0.75%; 1%; 2% and 3%). Based on the results, the best treatment of S. platensis addition was 1% that can be accepted by panelist based on hedonic test. The best treatment of 1% S. platensis was then compared to control (0% S. platensis) and observed for proximate analysis, viscosity, pH, total lactic acid, and total lactic acid bacteria of the product. Enriched yoghurt with 1% addition of S. platensis has significant different (p<0.05) to control on protein, viscosity and total lactic acid bacteria, but not significant different (p>0.05) on water content, ash, carbohydrate, fat, total lactic acid, pH, hedonic and the product comply with Indonesian National Standard.