Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton community structure in the river-influenced continental margin of the northern Gulf of Mexico

Phytoplankton community composition was characterized over varying seasonal and river discharge conditions during 5 research cruises across the continental margin of the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM). The spatial and temporal patterns of variation in the composition of the algal community were examined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of phytoplankton pigments in conjunction with classification using the CHEMTAX software (v.1.95). Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to identify different regimes and to understand the relationship of the phytoplankton community to biological and environ- mental variables. The large river dominated margin of the NGOM was characterized by (1) an estuarine and inner shelf regime dominated by diatoms, cryptophytes, cyanobacteria, and chloro- phytes; (2) midshelf waters, a transition zone between coastal river-influenced and oligotrophic slope waters, associated with a mixed phytoplankton composition; and (3) a slope water regime typical of oligotrophic ocean conditions with a surface community dominated by cyanobacteria, haptophytes, and prochlorophytes. A chlorophyll fluorescence maximum (CFM) was a regular feature at offshore stations and showed significant differences from that of surface waters in sea- sonal variability of phytoplankton pigment ratios and community composition. Our findings sup- port the view that large river outflows, along with other environmental variables such as wind forcing and stratification, have a profound influence on phytoplankton communities over a large regional extent in the continental margin waters of the NGOM.
Translation Exercise Aided by Data-Driven Learning in ESP Context

This paper studies the possibility of using a combination of a simple translation exercise with a small-scale concordance exercise with students enrolled in the English for Tourism course at the Faculty of Economics in Split, Croatia. It explains the rationale behind such a combination of exercises which focus on lexical items and explores how efficient the students were in dealing with the proposed exercises. Although teaching subject-related terminology is an important aspect of teaching an ESP course, the paper presents the case of teaching and practising the semantically light verb take in its frequent subject-related meanings and usages. To cater for this need, a small specialised corpus was used as a starting point and the British National Corpus was queried for verification and comparison. Overall, a simple lexical corpusbased exercise provided useful targeted information concerning the predicted pitfalls in students’ translations. Although only some students actually used this information to improve their initial translations, they were highly successful. The feedback collected in the questionnaires shows that students were generally very satisfied with the experience.
Magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Carnian/Norian boundary interval from the Pizzo Mondello section (Sicani Mountains, Sicily)

The 146.5 m-thick Upper Triassic limestone section at Pizzo Mondello in the Sicani Mountains of western Sicily is characterized by high quality of exposure, accessibility, and stratigraphic continuity. Magnetostratigraphic results delineate 12 normal and reverse polarity magnetozones, labelled successively from the base upwards as PM1n, PM1r, PM6n, PM6r. The Carnian/Norian boundary, based on conodont biostratigraphy, falls somewhere in the PM3n to PM5n interval which corre-sponds to the E14n to E16n magnetozone interval in the Newark reference sequence of polarity reversals. Comparison of magnetobiostratigraphic data from the Newark basin, Pizzo Mondello and other Late Triassic marine sections available from the literature suggests the existence of a reduction in sedimentation rate in the Tethyan marine domain at around the Carnian/ Norian boundary. Although the Newark and the expanded Pizzo Mondello sections correlate well with each other, correlation with the condensed Kavur Tepe and Scheiblkogel sections is unsatisfactory. A re-interpretation of the Kavur Tepe results suggests that the section is younger than its previous correlation with the Newark section, and that it was deposited in the northern instead of the southern hemisphere. Most of the condensed Tethyan marine sections are seen to be highly discontinuous, as evidenced by concantenated conodont total range zones. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Investigation of the Effects of Stores’ Tenant Mix and Internal and External Environmental Conditions on Customer Satisfaction from Shopping Centers in Iran

The research aims to determine the attractiveness of factors of Iranian shopping malls from the shopper’s point of view. Researchers used a conceptual framework that proposes significant impact between store tenant mix, internal and external conditions from shopping centers, and different dimensions of attractiveness. Then they test the hypotheses using a survey of 385 consumers of two shopping centers of Iran, to identify shopping mall attractiveness. A structural equation model using a correlation matrix with maximum likelihood was estimated by LISREL 8.8. The results indicate that from the attractiveness factors, retail tenant mix and atmosphere were the most influential factors in shopping centers and retail tenant mix was strongly affected by product range and to some extent by merchandise value. Thus, management teams of shopping malls can increase their mall attractiveness by identifying optimal retail tenant mix and protect their establishments with appropriate atmosphere.
Utah's Alternate Assessment: Evidence regarding Six Aspects of Validity.

Utah State University Abstract: Alternate assessments are the means through which students with significant cognitive disabilities participate in accountability testing, thus measurement validity of alternate assessments is a critical aspect of state educational accountability systems. When evaluating the validity of assessment systems, it is important to take a broad view of validity that acknowledges its many facets. Evidence regarding six aspects of validity of Utah's Alternate Assessment (UAA) is presented in this paper. These six aspects are: (a) test content, (b) performance standards, (c) administration of the test, (d) reliability of scoring, (e) stability of scores, and (f) impact of use of UAA. Results of the validity study conducted on UAA are presented along with recommen- dations for improving the system based on these results.
Three-body problem in Fermi gases with short-range interparticle interaction

We discuss three-body processes in ultracold two-component Fermi gases with short-range intercomponent interaction characterized by a large and positive scattering length a. It is found that in most cases the probability of three-body recombination is a universal function of the mass ratio and a, and is independent of short-range physics. We also calculate the scattering length corresponding to the atom-dimer interaction.
Entrepreneurial networking differences: an ethnic in-group and out-group analysis

Orientation: Researching entrepreneurship using a network perspective is important, as social networks are assets for small business owners struggling to survive in competitive markets. Research purpose: The research question of this study has focused on what we can learn about entrepreneurial networking, considering that there is an under-explored and unarticulated set of networking principles and practices which have not been previously analysed in terms of a multiethnic country context. Motivation for the study: Often the lack of network use is reported as a feature of entrepreneurs, who have less opportunity to utilise formal social capital features. Social networks provided by extended family, community-based or organisational relationships are often theorised to supplement the effects of education, experience and financial capital. Research design, approach and method: Based on hypothesised differences in networking ties, network assistance and support relationships, a survey was used to collect data on quantitative measures. Descriptive statistics were calculated and differential tests were conducted to test the hypotheses. Main findings: Results indicate that entrepreneurial networking is largely independent on group composition. Generally at least some aspects of networking are generic and as a consequence, a more integrated view of networking can be adopted. Practical/managerial implications: The practical value of the present study points to several areas of interest to entrepreneurs, policy makers and educators, through demonstrating the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurial networks for different groups and their explanatory potential in understanding networking. Contribution/value-add: Despite the importance of entrepreneurial networking, little empirical or theoretical research has examined the dynamics of networking in a developing country context such as South Africa, which has lower than expected total entrepreneurship activity.
Time decay of finite energy solutions of the non linear Klein-Gordon and Schrödinger equations

We study the time decay of finite energy solutions of the non linear Klein-Gordon (NLKG) equation □φ+φ+f(φ)=0 in space dimension n≥3, by using a reformulation of the original method of Morawetz and Strauss previously applied in [11] to the non linear Schrodinger (NLS) equation i/dφ/dt=-1/2Δφ+f(φ). We prove that such solutions satisfy some of the time decay properties of the solutions of the free equation. The assumptions on f cover the case of single power f(φ)=λ/φ/ p-1 φ with 1>0 and 4/n On etudie la decroissance en temps des solutions d'energie finie de l'equation de Klein-Gordon non lineaire □φ+φ+f(φ)=0 en dimension d'espace n≥3, en utilisant une reformulation de la methode originale de Morawetz et Strauss, appliquee precedemment a l'equation de Schrodinger non lineaire (SNL) idφ/dt=-Δφ/2+f(φ). On monte que de telles solutions satisfont certaines des decroissances en temps des solutions de l'equation libre. Les hypotheses sur f couvrent le cas d'une seule puissance f(φ)=λ/φ/ P−1 φ avec λ>0 et 4/n-p4-1<4/(n-2). Les resultats etendent ceux de Brenner. On obtient des proprietes de bonne uniforme en temps des solutions d'energie finie des deux equations sous des hypotheses assez faible sur f
Challenges of Accommodating Non-Market Values in Evaluation of Wildfire Suppression in the United States

Presently, implementing the 2001 Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy, which requires fire management priorities to be set on the basis of maximising the market and non-market values to be conserved or enhanced, is extremely challenging because those charged with implementing the policy have limited information about the value that society places on non-market resources at risk. This paper considers the problem of accommodating non-market values affected by wildfire in social benefit-cost analysis. There are substantial gaps in scientific understanding about how the spatial and temporal provision of non-market values are affected by wildfire, and considerable challenges in evaluating social welfare change arising from specific wildfire events. This presents serious impediments to adapting price-based decision-support tools, such as the National Fire Management Analysis System, to meaningfully incorporate non-market values. An alternative decision-support framework is proposed that measures departure from the historic range and variability of ecological conditions for those non-market values that are particularly resistant to price-based analysis.
Innovation in the public sector

Comprising the general government sector and all public corporations including the central banks, the public sector can be further broken down into central government, state government, local government, social security funds, and so on. The role of the public sector is to provide quality public services and respond to citizens’ and businesses’ needs while developing and maintaining trust in government. Its duties include administration, ensuring public order and safety, education, health and social care, and a variety of other functions for citizens and organisations.
Effect of Obesity-associated Iron dysregulation on Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and also induces iron dysregulation via elevated hepcidin (hepatic peptide hormone). Hepcidin degrades ferroportin (FPN1-only known iron exporter) and traps iron that enhances carcinogenesis within the cell. Breast tumors with high hepcidin and low FPN1 have poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if systemic hepcidin explains established obesity enhancing risk of postmenopausal breast cancer and to discern the difference between iron accumulation and FPN1 expression within the breast tissues by disease status and obesity among them. Methods: A nested case (n=44)-control (n=44) study was conducted from a prospective cohort of women seeking breast biopsies. Newly diagnosed cases and controls were stratified by obesity status (BMI > 30 & =152 ng/ml) had four times higher risk for breast cancer compared to those with lower levels (<152 ng/ml). Cases had similar sTFR but trended higher plasma hepcidin (p=0.1), iron accumulation (p=0.05) and decreased FPN1 expression (p=0.05) in their breast tissues’ macrophages compared to controls. Within cases, obese women had bigger tumors (p=0.02) and less iron accumulated in the macrophages (p=0.03). Conclusion: Influence of obesity on hepcidin reported in premenopausal women also occurs in postmenopausal women. Hepcidin level is associated with breast cancer and may represent a novel mechanism to explain the link between obesity and breast cancer. Our findings of diminished FPN1 coupled with increased iron accumulation in the macrophages surrounding the tumor suggest these cells serve as storage site for intracellular iron required for tumor growth. Further, we speculate decreased iron in the macrophages of obese women’s larger tumors reflect an adaptation for increased iron acquisition for disease advancement.
Observations of organic species and atmospheric ice formation

Aerosol particles found in the lower confines of the atmosphere are typically internal mixtures of sulfate, inorganic salts, refractory components, and organic species. The effect these complex combinations have on cloud formation processes remains largely unknown. We have conducted two complementary studies on one important process, the homogeneous formation of ice by small particles. In the first study the freezing of atmospheric aerosol was induced using controlled temperature and humidity conditions. In the second study the chemical composition of the residue from ice crystals in high altitude clouds was analyzed. Here we show that organic components do not partition equally to the ice and aqueous phases. Instead, organic‐rich particles preferentially remain unfrozen. These results suggest that emissions of organic species have the potential to influence aerosol‐cold cloud interactions and climate.
Personal Networks and Urban Poverty: Preliminary Findings

This article presents results of ongoing research into personal networks in Sao Paulo, exploring their relationships with poverty and urban segregation. We present the results of networks of 89 poor individuals who live in three different segregation situations in the city. The article stats by describing and analyzing the main characteristics of personal networks of sociability, highlighting aspects such as their size, cohesion and diversity, among others. Furgher, we investigate the main determinants of these networks, especially their relationship with urban segregation, understood as separation between social groups in the city, and specific forms of sociability. Contrary to much of the literature which takes into account only segregation of individual attributes in the urban space (race, ethnicity, socioeconomic level etc.), this investigation tests the importance both of networks and segregation in the reproduction of poverty situations.
The emergence of an ethic of care in rural Kenyan schools? Perspectives of teachers and orphaned and vulnerable pupils

In the context of HIV, there is considerable debate about the role of schools and teachers as potential sources of care and support for vulnerable children. This qualitative research examines ‘care’ as experienced and practiced by pupils and teachers in rural Western Kenya. In primary and secondary schools, interviews were conducted with 18 teachers and 57 orphaned and vulnerable pupils, alongside Photovoice. Drawing on thematic analysis and an ‘ethic of care’ theoretical perspective, we unpack the informal caring practices of teachers within resource-constrained settings. The research provides glimpses of schools as spaces of care, participation and support for orphaned and vulnerable pupils. Recognising and providing institutional support for the development of an ethic of care in schools may help to tackle the considerable educational barriers facing girls and boys who are orphaned and vulnerable and move ‘care’ closer towards the centre of educational policy and practice in the global South.
Combining optical and X-ray observations of galaxy clusters to constrain cosmological parameters

Galaxy clusters present unique advantages for cosmological study. Here we collect a new sample of 10 lensing galaxy clusters with X-ray observations to constrain cosmological parameters. The redshifts of the lensing clusters lie between 0.1 and 0.6, and the redshift range of their arcs is from 0.4 to 4.9. These clusters are selected carefully from strong gravitational lensing systems which have both X-ray satellite observations and optical giant luminous arcs with known redshifts. Giant arcs usually appear in the central region of clusters, where mass can be traced with luminosity quite well. Based on gravitational lensing theory and a cluster mass distribution model, we can derive a ratio using two angular diameter distances. One is the distance between lensing sources and the other is that between the deflector and the source. Since angular diameter distance relies heavily on cosmological geometry, we can use these ratios to constrain cosmological models. Moreover, X-ray gas fractions of galaxy clusters can also be a cosmological probe. Because there are a dozen parameters to be fitted, we introduce a new analytic algorithm, Powell’s UOBYQA (Unconstrained Optimization By Quadratic Approximation), to accelerate our calculation. Our result demonstrates that this algorithm is an effective fitting method for such a continuous multi-parameter constraint. We find an interesting fact that these two approaches are separately sensitive to Ω Λ and Ω M . By combining them, we can get reasonable fitting values of basic cosmological parameters: Ω M = 0.26 +0.04 −0.04 , and Ω Λ = 0.82 +0.14 −0.16 .
In situ stress, natural fracture distribution, and borehole elongation in the Auburn Geothermal Well, Auburn, New York

Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements and a borehole televiewer survey were conducted in a 1.6-km-deep well at Auburn, New York. This well, which was drilled at the outer margin of the Appalachian Fold and Thrust Belt in the Appalachian Plateau, penetrates approximately 1540 m of lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and terminates 60 m into the Precambrian marble basement. Analysis of the hydraulic fracturing tests indicates that the minimum horizontal principal stress increases in a nearly linear fashion from 9.9±0.2 MPa at 593 m to 30.6±0.4 MPa at 1482 m. The magnitude of the maximum horizontal principal stress increases in a less regular fashion from 13.8±1.2 MPa to 49.0±2.0 MPa over the same depth range. The magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses relative to the calculated overburden stress are somewhat lower than is the norm for this region and are indicative of a strike-slip faulting regime that, at some depths, is transitional to normal faulting. As expected from the relative aseismicity of central New York State, however, analysis of the magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses indicates, at least to a depth of 1.5 km, that frictional failure on favorably oriented preexisting fault planes is unlikely. Orientations of the hydraulic fractures at 593 and 919 m indicate that the azimuth of the maximum horizontal principal stress at Auburn is N83°E±15°, in agreement with other stress field indicators for this region. The borehole televiewer log revealed a considerable number of planar features in the Auburn well, the great majority of which are subhorizontal (dips < 5°) and are thought to be bedding plane washouts or drill bit scour marks. In addition, a smaller number of distinct natural fractures were observed on the borehole televiewer log. Of these, the distinct steeply dipping natural fractures in the lower half of the sedimentary section at Auburn tend to strike approximately east-west, while those in the upper part of the well and in the Precambrian basement exhibit no strong preferred orientation. The origin of this east-west striking fracture set is uncertain, as it is parallel both to the contemporary direction of maximum horizontal compression and to a late Paleozoic fracture set that has been mapped to the south of Auburn. In addition to these planar features the borehole televiewer log indicates paired dark bands on diametrically opposite sides of the borehole throughout the Auburn well. Processing of the borehole televiewer data in the time domain revealed these features to be irregular depressions in the borehole wall. As these depressions were consistently oriented in a direction at right angles to the direction of maximum horizontal compression, we interpret them to be the result of stress-induced spalling of the borehole wall (breakouts).
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF GAAS-ALGAAS VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS

The temperature performance of GaAs‐AlGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers has been studied from 60 to −160 °C. A minimum threshold current occurs considerably below room‐temperature where the wavelength of the Fabry–Perot resonance of the cavity matches the wavelength of the maximum gain of the active region. The laser quantum efficiency increases for decreasing temperature, exhibiting a change of slope near the temperature of the threshold minimum.
Impact of welfare sanctions on employment entry and exit from labor force: Evidence from German survey data

Similar to numerous other European countries, Germany's unemployment policy went through a paradigm shift in 2005, towards activation policy by tightening their monitoring and sanction regime. With our study, we aim to provide causal evidence for whether an intended positive effect of benefit sanctions on employment entry of welfare recipients has been bought at the expense of an unintended enhanced incentive to leave the labor market. Using a mixed proportional hazard model, we draw causal inference of sanction enforcements on unemployment exit hazards. Based on a novel survey sample covering the first three years after the 'Hartz IV' law came into effect, we provide evidence for a positive impact of sanctions on employment as well as on exit from labor force.