Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Test for Multivariate Normality in Stock Returns

Previous research has investigated the multivariate normality of stock returns using tests based on the marginal distribution of returns. Due to the contemporaneous correlation across asset returns, these tests are difficult to interpret. The authors develop a general test procedure that takes account of the correlation across assets and that focuses on both the marginal and joint distributions of returns. They find highly significant evidence that stock returns and market-model residuals are nonnormal. Moreover, this nonnormality appears in both the marginal and joint distributions of asset returns. Copyright 1993 by University of Chicago Press.
Do Complicated Tax Systems Prevent Foreign Direct Investment?

The negative relationship between tax rates and FDI is well known. This paper looks at how complexity of the tax system affects FDI. Fulfilling tax requirements can be time-consuming, and this implies a cost for more complex tax systems. Alternatively, complexity may provide opportunities to reduce the overall tax bill. We find that measures of tax complexity have a significant inhibiting effect on the presence of FDI for a country pair, but have little impact on the level of FDI flows. A 10% reduction in tax complexity is comparable to a one percentage point reduction in effective corporate tax rates.
Metabolic Changes in Pelvic Lesions: Findings at Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) features of pelvic lesions using long echo time and to characterize the spectral patterns of various pathological entities. Materials and Methods: 17patients with surgically and histopathologically confirmed pelvic lesions underwent long echo-time MRS, and the results obtained were analyzed. Before laparotomy, choline (Cho), lactate, lipid and creatine (Cr) levels of all lesions were measured by single voxel MRS (point-resolved spectroscopy technique, TE 136 ms). Voxels were placed in the center of the lesions. The MRS results of lesions were compared with the final histopathological diagnoses. Results: Spectroscopy analysis of serous, mucinous and undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary revealed Cho, lactate and lipid signals, but granulosa-theca cell tumor showed only a lipid signal. The Cho signal was obtained from only 3 patients with mature cystic teratoma but none of the other benign ovarian tumors and pelvic abscesses. A lipid signal was detected in 3 patients diagnosed with pelvic abscess and all benign ovarian tumors. In addition to the lipid signal, a lactate signal was detected in the spectra of two pelvic abscesses. One case of endometrioma and 1 case of teratoma did not show any signal. Conclusion: MRS demonstrates significant differences in metabolite concentration between benign and malignant ovarian tumors and pelvic abscesses. MRS may therefore be helpful in the differential diagnosis of adnexal lesions.
Modelling real exchange rate behaviour: a cross-country study

The paper examines the behaviour of bilateral real exchange rates between Germany and fourteen major economies for the period January 1972 to December 1994. Time series techniques are used to consider a number of hypotheses including whether the real exchange rate is mean reverting; whether deviations follow a stable time series process; whether the underlying process can be modelled adequately and whether there is any evidence of risk premia. Evidence is provided that relationships of these sort can indeed be established for a selection of economies and that despite economic policy directed towards exchange rate stability, significant risk premia are present in the bilateral real exchange rates examined.
Meningkatkan Mutu Layanan Perguruan Tinggi Melalui Praktik Pengelolaan Quality Work of Life Karyawan

Giving the best quality service to the students is the purpose of many education institutions. One of the factors that support the service is employees who work in the organization, which are lecturer and employee support system. Therefore, employees should be motivated in order to improve their performance. Quality work of life is a concept that supports the quality work of the employee in the organization. This concept tries to improve employeesâ€™ dignity and self esteem. The important role of quality work of life is to change the work climate of the organization in order create a better work of life. The purpose of this paper is to give a conceptual review of quality work life with its practices in organization, such as financial compensation, carrier opportunity, and job characteristics. Keywords : higher education, service quality, quality work of life
Silicon-based megahertz ultrasonic nozzles for production of monodisperse micrometer-sized droplets

Monodisperse ethanol droplets 2.4 mum and water droplets 4.5 mum in diameter have been produced in ultrasonic atomization using 1.5- and 1.0-MHz microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based silicon nozzles, respectively. The 1.5- and 1.0-MHz nozzles, each consisting of 3 Fourier horns in resonance, measured 1.20 cm times 0.15 cm times . 11 cm and 1.79 cm times 0.21 cm times 0.11 cm, respectively, required electrical drive power as low as 0.25 W and could accommodate flow rates as high as 350 mul/min. As the liquid issues from the nozzle tip that vibrates longitudinally at the nozzle resonance frequency, a liquid film is maintained on the end face of the nozzle tip and standing capillary waves are formed on the free surface of the liquid film when the tip vibration amplitude exceeds a critical value due to Faraday instability. Temporal instability of the standing capillary waves, treated in terms of the unstable solutions (namely, time-dependant function with a positive Floquet exponent) to the corresponding Mathieu differential equation, is shown to be the underlying mechanism for atomization and production of such monodisperse droplets. The experimental results of nozzle resonance and atomization frequencies, droplet diameter, and critical vibration amplitude are all in excellent agreement with the predictions of the 3-D finite element simulation and the theory of Faraday instability responsible for atomization.
Do conflict management systems matter

The most influential current idea in the theory of conflict management concerns the design features and supposed superior outcomes of conflict management systems combining interest-based and rights-based practices for resolving conflict in organizations. Yet much of the literature in the area is highly prescriptive and draws heavily either on exemplary case studies or descriptive data. Using focus groups of HR practitioners and experts in conflict resolution to develop a questionnaire covering the main conflict management practices associated with the theory of conflict management systems, the study analyzes data from a survey of firms in the Republic of Ireland to examine quantitatively the effects of conflict management systems on organizational outcomes. While proactive line management and supervisory engagement in conflict resolution as a key dimension of conflict management systems is found to be positively associated with a range of organizational outcomes, no evidence is found for the kind of system effects proposed in the theoretical and prescriptive literature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Problem of Identifying Land Use Spillovers: Measuring the Effects of Open Space on Residential Property Values

development, such as traffic congestion and air pollution. Several willingness-to-pay studies have demonstrated the positive amenity value of open space (Halstead; Beasley, Workman, and Williams), but evidence of the value of open space from revealed preference methods--namely, from hedonic models--is limited and mixed. In this article, we consider the issue of estimating open space spillovers using a hedonic pricing model with residential property sales and offer an explanation for why the positive amenity value of open space effects, even if it exists, may not always be empirically detected. The estimation problems that we consider are ones of identification, which arise in a hedonic residential price model when the open space land is privately held and developable.1 Under these circumstances, land parcels counted as open space are part of the market for residential land and therefore subject to the same economic forces that determine a location's residential value.
A Compact Two Via Slot-Type Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure

A novel two via slot-type electromagnetic bandgap (TVS-EBG) structure is presented in this letter. Design and analysis of the TVS-EBG structure are done by using the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> analytical model. In the central located via EBG (CLV-EBG) and the edge located via EBG (ELV-EBG) structure, current flowing through via gives the inductor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and the gap between the adjacent cells gives the capacitance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). From the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> analytical model, in order to design compact EBG structure, the product of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> should be high. TVS-EBG structure increases the value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula> per unit EBG cell by making a slot on the square patch of the cell and two via between square patch of the cell and ground plane. TVS-EBG structure simulated using Ansoft HFSS and tested. Simulated and experimental results prove that, compared with CLV-EBG, complementary split ring resonator-based EBG, and ELV-EBG, a size reduction of 35.29%, 17.20%, and 13.48% has been achieved, respectively.
Australia and the 'War against Terrorism': Terrorism, National Security and Human Rights

This paper considers whether in the ‘war against terrorism’ national security is eroded or strengthened by weakening or removing the human rights of the individuals who constitute the polity. It starts with the view that national security is, at its most fundamental, founded upon the security and liberty of the person from criminal and violent acts, including terrorist attacks. Such attacks, and the individuals and groups who perpetrate them, constitute a grave threat to the peace and security of nations the world over and thus endanger the security and liberty of the individuals who make up their populations. Governments are therefore compelled to use the machinery of the state to protect the nation and the individual from these attacks. However, the paper is based on another, equally important, assumption. This is that the defence of national security requires individuals to be protected from the arbitrary exercise of state power even in situations where the state claims to be acting to protect national security and individual security against grave threats such as terrorist acts. The rule of law not only protects individuals from such an exercise of state power by protecting their human rights, in so doing it also protects the peace and security of the nation from excessive and unchecked state power. But what happens when the rule of law is overturned by governments declaring that they are protecting national security from the terrorist threat? Who or what is then able to protect the individual and the nation from the state? This paper will take up these important questions by considering the implications of the anti-terrorism legislation that has been introduced in Australia since September 2001. It will also consider whether Australia’s national security has been enhanced or damaged by this legislation.
Knowledge Spillovers, Innovation and Growth

Cohen and Levinthal (1989) introduced the notion of absorptive capacity and demonstrated that knowledge spillovers can induce complementarities in R&D efforts. We show that this idea has rich implications when analysing important aspects of the growth process such as cross‐country convergence and divergence, the international co‐ordination of climate change policies, and the role of openness in the production of ideas. We also show that the notion of absorptive capacity sets an agenda for new empirical and theoretical analyses of the role of R&D spillovers in innovation and growth. Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D.A. (1989). ‘Innovation and learning: the two faces of R & D’, Economic Journal, vol. 99(397), pp. 569–96.
Unexpected Gynecologic Neoplasms in Patients With Proven or Suspected BRCA-1 or -2 Mutations: Implications for Gross Examination, Cytology, and Clinical Follow-up

Identification of inheritable mutations associated with the development of malignancy has led to prophylactic surgeries to remove tissues at risk. We report seven unrelated patients with family histories of breast and/or ovarian cancer, five of whom underwent prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy with hysterectomy. Four had proven BRCA-1 or -2 mutations. Malignant cells were found unexpectedly in the peritoneal washings of two patients, leading to the discovery of early-stage fallopian tube carcinoma. After changing the sampling technique at our institution, two more cases of unexpected fallopian tube carcinoma in situ were discovered. Another patient had a significant family history and underwent hysterectomy for uterine fibroids, leading to the discovery of fallopian tube carcinoma. Another patient with BRCA-1 mutation had unexpected widespread primary peritoneal papillary serous adenocarcinoma. The final patient had a borderline malignant clear cell adenofibroma. These cases underscore the importance of peritoneal cytology and thorough sampling in the management of patients undergoing hysterectomy with a family history of breast/ovarian cancer and/or known BRCA-1/BRCA-2 mutations. As prophylactic surgeries are becoming more common secondary to advances in molecular diagnostics, pathologists need to be aware that surgical specimens from these patients may require more rigorous examination to uncover early neoplastic changes.
Responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to low oxygen indicate that growth in the cystic fibrosis lung is by aerobic respiration

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients grows to high densities in mucopurulent material that is depleted in oxygen. Some have concluded that growth in these circumstances is dependent on anaerobic nitrate respiration. Here we present data in favour of the alternative hypothesis that microaerobic respiration is the predominant mode of P. aeruginosa growth in the cystic fibrosis lung. We found that P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and a mucoid derivative of strain PAO1 each grew at dissolved oxygen concentrations of less than 3 μM. This is lower than the concentration of oxygen that has been measured in hypoxic cystic fibrosis mucous. A transcriptome analysis comparing cells grown under aerobic conditions (185 μM dissolved oxygen) with cells grown with 20 μM or 3 μM dissolved oxygen, or anaerobically with nitrate, revealed that overlapping sets of genes are expressed depending on oxygen availability. This suggests that P. aeruginosa responds to changes in oxygen concentration along a continuum rather than having a discrete low oxygen regulon. Any one of three high affinity terminal oxidases that P. aeruginosa encodes supported microaerobic growth. A triple mutant lacking all three of these oxidases failed to grow at low oxygen and formed abnormal biofilms.
Inventive Megaregions of the United States: Technological Composition and Location

Abstract Urban distinctiveness occurs in both technological and geographic space. This article explores spatial associations in the locational distribution of subcategories of patents across U.S. metropolitan areas. I converted patent counts to location quotients and used nonspatial methods to compare concentration levels of patents (Gini coefficients) and to identify groups of patents that tend to colocate (principal components analysis). The results show considerable variation in concentration levels and that nine groupings, entitled “technology components,” account for almost 68 percent of the variance in the distribution of the subcategories. Spatial analysis permits the exploration of spatial dependencies in each “technology component. ” The results identify distinctive inventive regions that are termed inventive megaregions.
The Differentiation of Quality among Auditors: Evidence from the Not‐for‐Profit Sector

The association between auditor size and audit quality is examined for a sample of not‐for‐profit (NFP) entities. The audit quality measure is based on the entities' compliance with eight GAAP reporting requirements. The numbers on compliance supports policymakers' contention (prior to the recent issuance of three new statements) that reporting by NFPs was inconsistent. Of the eight reporting requirements examined, noncompliance is highest for those that pertain specifically to NFPs, for example, disclosures about pledges and donated materials. However, the extent of noncompliance decreases as one moves from the small non‐Big 6 to the large non‐Big 6 and from the large non‐Big 6 to the then Big 6. This positive association between auditor size and audit quality is borne out in multivariate regression analyses, after controlling for other correlates of audit quality. Another measure of audit firm size, based on the number of professionals employed by the firm, further confirms this finding. In addition, th.
Nissen Fundoplication for Reflux Esophagitis Long‐Term Clinical and Endoscopie Results in 109 of 127 Consecutive Patients

OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the clinical and endoscopic long-term results of Nissen fundoplication in reflux esophagitis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Nissen fundoplication has been reported to give good results in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux with success rates up to 78-97%. Most of the previous studies on long-term results of fundoplication have, however, been based on interviews with only sporadic endoscopic examinations. METHODS Of 127 patients consecutively treated with Nissen fundoplication for reflux esophagitis, 109 were available for follow-up after a median of 77 months. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in 105 cases, and all the patients with reflux symptoms or abnormal endoscopic observations were referred to esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring and manometry. RESULTS No symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux were reported by 73 of the 109 patients, but dysphagia was present in 47. Endoscopy showed defective fundic wrap in 24 patients. Objective evidence of reflux was found in 24 patients (endoscopic esophagitis in 18 and pathologic 24-hour pH score without esophagitis in 6). Esophagitis was found in 14 of the 24 patients with defective wrap, but in only 4 of the 81 with infact wrap. CONCLUSIONS Nissen fundoplication alleviated symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux and cured esophagitis in great majority of cases. The main determinant of outcome was the state of the fundic wrap.
Creating a Lab in the Field: Economics Experiments for Policymaking

In this paper, I focus on the role that artefactual and certain framed field experiments (what I term “lab‐like field experiments” or LFEs) play in informing policymaking. Using examples, primarily from rural contexts in developing countries, I identify four main purposes of LFEs: (1) to test theories or heuristic principles; (2) to identify and estimate parameters associated with characteristics; (3) to explore the structural nature of parameters derived from empirical methods including other types of experiments; and (4) to assess methodological difficulties associated with LFEs and how these can impact parameter estimates. I address the importance of generalizability for LFEs that are intended to inform policymaking and in the process, emphasize the complementary role between LFEs and other empirical methods, in particular other experiments. Finally, I discuss nine basic principles for conducting LFEs and suggest four directions for future research.
How relational embeddedness affects business performance through trust: empirical research on emerging SMEs

In developing countries, emerging small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have been pursuing new opportunities to capture social ties. This kind of business development helps them to maintain their position in the market. By analysing data from 120 emerging Iranian SMEs, this research indicates that relational embeddedness in the form of personal relations, dyadic economic interactions and dyadic social capital, has a significantly positive impact on business performance. This study specifically considers the ways in which trust in both inter-personal and inter-organisational levels, mediates these relationships. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the proposed model. The model was tested for validity and demonstrated a high degree of validity. Surprisingly, dyadic economic interactions are shown to have the weakest impact on emerging SMEs.
Getting up to Speed on the Financial Crisis: A One-Weekend-Reader's Guide

All economists should be conversant with "what happened? " during the financial crisis of 2007-2009. We select and summarize 16 documents, including academic papers and reports from regulatory and international agencies. This reading list covers the key facts and mechanisms in the build-up of risk, the panics in short-term-debt markets, the policy reactions, and the real effects of the financial crisis.
Wind power investment in thermal system and emissions reduction

This paper presents an analytical model for wind power investment. Most generation planning problems are formulated in multiperiod mixed integer programming with cost minimization as objective. We try to resort to finance literature for models able to systematically characterize return and risk. Real option theory is chosen. A primitive function is defined for the fuel cost able to be saved as the revenue of a wind power project. Subsequently the real project is described as a contingent claim on the stochastic fuel prices. Theoretical valuation of the project is thus given by the solution of a partial differential equation derived by Ito lemma. This formulation avoids the ambiguity in analyzing wind power investment based on non-market-based tariffs, but focuses on the welfare to the system as a whole. Finally a hypothetical scenario of carbon emission price is included to demonstrate the incentive it could offer to renewable generation.