Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of Myocardial and Cerebral Infarction: Nodular Arteriosclerosis*

of his classical article of 1856, which I give as the Appendix to this paper. Virchow was struck by three features of the intimal plaque-the presence of abnormal substances between the cells, the presence of actively dividing cells as in a tumour or in the irritated cornea, and fatty metamorphosis. He thought the abnormal constituents of the ground substance came from the blood, and, since the intima was intact, came by imbibition; he thought the fatty changes were secondary; and he thought the lesion essentially inflammatory, so he gave it the name endarteriitis deformans sive nodosa. The great weakness of the lipid hypothesis is that it does not account for the thrombus. It thus supposes the early and the late manifestations represent different processes. Increasing knowledie shows us that, in general, ischaemic symptoms in brain, heart, and limbs are due to thrombosis on top of a nodule. According to the lipid hypothesis, this thrombus represents an event of a totally different kind from the process conceived to underlie nodule formation. The hypothesis sees this major event as almost an irrelevant accident happening because alterations in lipid metabolism also predispose to thrombosis; or by supposing that the thrombus is a by-product, as it were, of the nodule which sets up eddies and so leads to thrombosis. Neither is very satisfying to a clinician, since it assigns a minor role-in fact almost an afterthought-to the event that determines life
Dyspepsia and constipation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Abstract Constipation and dyspepsia are disturbing gastrointestinal symptoms that are often ignored in research on physical comorbidities of schizophrenia. The aim was to assess dyspepsia and constipation in a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum psychoses. A general practitioner performed a thorough physical health check for 275 outpatients and diagnosed constipation and dyspepsia. This study assessed the possible contribution of several sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables to constipation and dyspepsia using logistic regression analysis. This study also assessed whether these symptoms were associated with abnormal laboratory findings. The prevalence of constipation was 31.3%, and of dyspepsia 23.6%. Paracetamol (OR =3.07, 95% CI =1.34–7.02) and clozapine use (OR =5.48, 95% CI =2.75–10.90), older age (OR =1.04, 95% CI =1.01–1.06), and living in sheltered housing (OR =2.49, 95% CI =1.16–5.33) were risk factors for constipation. For dyspepsia the risk factors were female sex (OR =2.10, 95% CI =1.15–3.83), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR =2.47, 95% CI =1.13–5.39), and diabetes medication (OR =2.42, 95% CI =1.12–5.25). Patients with dyspepsia had lower haemoglobin and haematocrit and higher glucose values than those without dyspepsia. Patients with constipation had lower thrombocyte values than patients without constipation. However, these findings were explained by factors pre-disposing to constipation and dyspepsia. Clozapine use markedly increases the risk of constipation and may lead to life-threatening complications. In addition, analgesics and diabetes medication were related to gastrointestinal symptoms. These medications and their association to gastrointestinal symptoms should be kept in mind when treating patients with schizophrenia.
Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Surface Roughness of Different Denture Base Materials.

BACKGROUND Surface roughness is an important property of denture bases since denture bases are in contact with oral tissues and a rough surface may affect tissues health due to microorganism accumulation. Therefore, the effect of cigarette smoke on the surface roughness of two commercially available denture base materials was evaluated to emphasize which type has superior properties for clinical use. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total numbers of 40 specimens were constructed from two commercially available denture base materials; heat-cured PMMA and visible light cured UDMA resins (20 for each). The specimens for each type were randomly divided into: Group I: Heat cured resin control group; Group II: Heat cured acrylic resin specimens exposed to cigarette smoking; Group III: Light cured resin control group; Group IV: Light cured resin specimens exposed to cigarette smoking. The control groups used for immersion in distilled water and the smoke test groups used for exposure to cigarette smoking. The smoke test groups specimens were exposed to smoking in a custom made smoking chamber by using 20 cigarettes for each specimen. The surface roughness was measured by using Pocket SurfPS1 profilometer and the measurements considered as the difference between the initial and final roughness measured before and after smoking. RESULTS The t-test for paired observation of test specimens after exposure to smoking was indicated significant change in surface roughness for Group II (p< 0.05) but has no significance with Group IV. Otherwise, there were no significant differences with control groups (Group I and III). CONCLUSION The surface roughness of the dentures constructed from heat cured acrylic resin had been increased after exposure to cigarette smoke but had no impact on the dentures constructed from visible light cured resin.
Financial Crisis and Transformation of Korean Business Groups: The Rise and Fall of Chaebols

Sea-Jin Chang argues that the Korean financial crisis of 1997 was due to the inertia of both the business groups known as chaebols and the Korean government which prevented adaptation to changing external environments. Once the Korean government stopped central economic planning and pursued economic liberalization in the 1980s, the transition created a void under which neither the government nor markets could monitor chaebols' investment activities. The intricate web of cross-shareholding, debt guarantees, and vertical integration resulted in extensive cross-subsidization and kept chaebols from shedding unprofitable businesses. The government's continued interventions in banks' lending practices created 'moral hazards' for both chaebols and banks. This treatment demonstrates how the structure of chaebols later inhibited other adaptations and for all practical purposes became nearly dysfunctional. The book argues that restructuring of chaebols should focus on improving corporate governance systems. After such restructuring, the author predicts, chaebols will re-emerge as stronger, more focused global players.
The link between salespeople’s job satisfaction and customer satisfaction in a business-to-business context: A dyadic analysis

Although it has frequently been argued that the job satisfaction of a company’s employees is an important driver of customer satisfaction, systematic research exploring this link is scarce. The present study investigates this relationship for salespeople in a business-to-business context. The theoretical justification for a positive impact of salespeople’s job satisfaction on customer satisfaction is based on the concept of emotional contagion. The analysis is based on a dyadic data set that involves judgments provided by salespeople and their customers collected across multiple manufacturing and services industries. Results indicate the presence of a positive relationship between salespeople’s job satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the relationship between salespeople’s job satisfaction and customer satisfaction is found to be particularly strong in the case of high frequency of customer interaction, high intensity of customer integration into the value-creating process, and high product/service innovativeness.
Outbreak of respiratory distress resembling influenza caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs

SWINE influenza ([Olsen and others 2006][1]) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection ([Gottschalk and Taylor 2006][2]) are described in textbooks as having well defined clinical signs, but signs of the two diseases prove to be indistinguishable in practice. Apathy, reluctance to rise, anorexia
Investigation of Software Aging Effects on the OpenStack Cloud Computing Platform

One of the most important goals for companies that provide cloud computing services is to maintain high availability on large computer systems. Therefore, to accomplish such objective it is necessary to determine the main causes and the main problems associated with it. Many of these problems are related with software failures, for instance software aging. Software aging is a degrading factor in systems, leading to software failures, poor performance and may result in system downtime. This paper investigates the software aging effects on the Openstack cloud computing platform. The environment was tested using a stressful workload, and monitored through Bash scripts that collects information about the utilization of hardware resources, as well as information about processes related to the platform. The results indicate software aging issues in the MySQL process; a growth on the memory consumption was detected, and a prediction analysis was also used to estimate the resources utilization in the future.
IL-15 Is Elevated in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

Interleukin-15 is a novel proinflammatory cytokine. It is produced by activated blood monocytes, macrophages, and glial cells. The objective of our study was to assess the role of interleukin-15 as a marker of increased proinflammatory activity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. We measured cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-15 levels in 17 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 7 patients with frontotemporal dementia in comparison with 17 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 15 patients with Parkinson’s disease. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia had significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-15 levels compared with patients with noninflammatory neurological diseases (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). In Alzheimer’s disease, a significant positive correlation was noted between interleukin-15 levels and age of onset (R = .48, P = .05). Our findings suggest that interleukin-15 may be implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia.
Effects of Sodium and Chloride on Neuronal Survival After Neurite Transection

An in vitro investigation was undertaken to study the roles of Na+ and Cl− in mammalian spinal cord (SC) neuron deterioration and death after injury involving physical disruption of the plasma membrane. Individual SC neurons in monolayer cultures were subjected to UV laser microbeam transection of a primary dendrite. Neurons lesioned in modified ionic environments (MIEs) where 50%–75% of the NaCl was replaced with sucrose had higher survival (65%–75%) than neurons lesioned in medium with normal (125 mM) NaCl (28%; p < 0.001). Subsequent experiments found a comparable increase in lesioned neuron survival in MIEs in which only Na+ was replaced with specific ionic substitutes; however, replacement of Cl− was not protective. Electron microscope examinations of neurons fixed <16 min after lesioning showed a dramatic decrease in vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the low NaCl or low Na+ MIEs. It is hypothesized that Na+ entry after membrane disruption may stimulate elevation of [Ca+2]i leading to ultrastructural disruption and death of injured neurons. The results of these studies suggest that a low NaCl MIE may be useful as an irrigant to limit damage spread and cell death within CNS tissues during surgery or after trauma.
Social Work, Strengths Perspective, and Disaster Management: Roles of Social Workers and Models for Intervention

In recent times, there have been more reports of earthquakes and other calamities such as hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones, tsunamis, heat waves, and bushfi res, as well as wars and other man-made disasters in various places in the world: Japan, Chile, Haiti, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Rwanda, Somalia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, India, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia, and the United States (Coppola, 2011). Whether homogenic or natural disasters, they both present great challenges to society and every community tries to deal with them, ameliorating their impact or, even better, preventing them from reoccurring (Coppola, 2011). This special issue of the Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation seeks to learn from the collective experiences of responding to disasters and to develop principles and strategies for social recovery useful for social workers practicing in different cross-national contexts. In this special issue, the authors have outlined the nature and context of the disasters, as well as the theoretical frame utilized in disaster recovery. The focus of this issue is specifically on applying the strengths and community, as well as capacity building, theories for disaster intervention. There is a summary of new insights and learning, including a reflection of what more could be done, such as preventive strategies, risk reduction, policy and planning.
Lateral Hiring and Firm Performance: The Effects of Leverage Ratio, International Journal of Human Resource Management

We theorized and tested the performance implications of the lateral hiring by professional service firms (i.e. law firms). Using a longitudinal dataset of lateral partner hires in 148 US law firms between the years of 2004 and 2008, the results indicated that the size of lateral hiring had a reversed U-shape relationship with the financial performance of a firm. In addition, the leverage ratio (i.e. the ratio between associate lawyers and partners) significantly moderated the reversed U-shape relationship between lateral hiring and firm performance, such that the placement of the bend in the curvilinear relationship, that is, the threshold, occurred more quickly at a low than at a high leverage ratio. This study contributes to the literature on strategic human resource management in professional service firms by providing empirical evidence on the effect of lateral hires and by emphasizing that lateral partner hiring should be considered with other important HR issues to fully capitalize lateral partners.
Links between service climate, employee commitment and employees' service quality capability

Purpose – Studies have demonstrated that the service climate in an organisation, as perceived by employees, is positively related to service quality, as perceived by customers. However, no studies appear to have tested the link to service quality from an employee perspective. Hence, the major aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between service climate, employee commitment and employees' service quality capability (SQC). Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected by a cross‐sectional field study of frontline employees in a telecommunications call centre (n=167; 58 percent). A call centre was chosen because of the perceived poor service climate and the high levels of employee turnover.Findings – Global service climate (GSC) in the call centre was found to be positively related to employees' SQC, with partial mediation by employee commitment. Regression analysis showed that three factors: managerial practices, customer feedback and human resource management contributed to GSC but, un.
Assessing Financial Reporting Practices Among Small Scale Enterprises in Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly

Small Scale Enterprises have been the builder of many economies in the world. But many die off soon after their establishment. This menace is attributed to poor financial management among small businesses. The aim of this research is to access financial reporting practices among small scale enterprises. The study further considered the problems faced by Small Scale Enterprises in preparing financial reports. The researchers used both qualitative and quantitative method, supported by statistical analysis of the survey data. The primary instruments used to collect data were interviews, observation and questionnaire. The research was designed to include small scale businesses within Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly. The findings confirmed that there is poor financial record keeping and financial reporting practices among small scale enterprises and recommends that training programmes should be organized for small scale enterprises to help them appreciate the importance of financial reporting and inculcate the practice in them.
Modeling Contention Based Bandwidth Request Scheme for IEEE 802.16 Networks

IEEE 802.16 standard specifies a contention based bandwidth request scheme for best-effort and non-real time polling services in point-to-multipoint (PMP) architecture. In this letter we propose an analytical model for the scheme and study how the performances of bandwidth efficiency and channel access delay change with the contention window size, the number of contending subscriber stations, the number of slots allocated for bandwidth request and data transmission. Simulations validate its high accuracy.
Consumer Adoption of Mobile Internet Services: An Exploratory Study

This study provides a framework that captures the antecedents of mobile internet adoption and the willingness to pay for such service. The theory of reasoned action and components of a theory of innovation adoption were integrated into a research model of consumer adoption of the mobile internet. The hypothesized model included service quality perceptions (fixed internet and mobile technology service), beliefs about mobile internet, and individual difference variables to explain intention to adopt mobile internet. An online questionnaire was used to gather data. The results showed that beliefs and quality perceptions play a significant role in influencing intentions to adopt mobile internet. In particular, beliefs about mobile internet are positively related to the adoption; quality perceptions of fixed internet are found significant to negatively influence adoption intentions, but positively relate to willingness to pay for using mobile internet. Mobile service usage, and peer influence are found non-significant to influence adoption intentions. Fixed internet usage was found negatively affect adoption intentions. Computer skills, knowledge of mobile internet and career mobility are all found positively related to the adoption. In addition, innovation driven consumers are more likely to adopt mobile internet, and intention to adopt plays an important role in shaping actual mobile internet use. Implications of results and directions for future research are examined.
Long‐term follow‐up of indirect hyperbilirubinemia in full‐term Turkish infants

Objective: This retrospective follow‐up study was performed to evaluate the suitability of the recently reported exchange transfusion limits (serum indirect bilirubin level of 428‐496 μmol/1, 25‐29 mg/dl) for Turkey. Material and methods: The study groups totalled 102 children, 8‐13 years of age, who had been born at term with birthweights greater than 3000 g and had been treated for indirect hyperbilirubinemia during their newborn period; the control group consisted of 27 children of the same age‐group without indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Children were grouped according to their maximum serum indirect bilirubin levels and direct Coombs’test results. Physical and neurological examinations, visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised for Turkish Children were performed. Results: There was no difference between the groups with regard to mean visual and brainstem auditory evoked potential latencies. Children whose direct Coombs’tests were positive had significantly lower IQ scores and more prominent neurological abnormalities (p < 0.05). IQ scores and prominent neurological abnormalities did not differ among the other groups. Nine children had prominent neurological abnormalities associated with abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials. An important risk factor was the duration that the infant's serum indirect bilirubin level remained greater than 342 μmol/1 (20 mg/dl). Conclusion: The current limit of 342 μmol/1 should continue to be used for infants whose direct Coombs’tests are positive in our country. Until better criteria for exchange transfusion other than the indirect bilirubin level are established, the current limits should also still be followed for infants whose direct Coombs’tests are negative in Turkey, where regular neonatal follow‐up examinations are not satisfactory.
Evaluating supply chain relationship quality, organisational resources, technological innovation and enterprise performance in the palm oil processing sector in Asia

Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between organisational resources, technological innovation, relationship quality and enterprise performance, as well as the mediating effect of firm–supplier RQ. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted of the palm oil processing sector in Malaysia, consisting milling, refining and oleo-chemical companies. Data were gathered and used to statistically test hypotheses that underpinned a proposed conceptual model. Findings – Organisational resources have a direct impact on RQ, which, in turn, has a direct effect on performance indicators such as financial performance, market effectiveness and strategic objectives. RQ is a mediator in some of the resource-performance relationships, which underpins the genesis of the research undertaken. The mediating role played by RQ in promoting business performance in the palm oil processing sectors, is achieved through translating the effects of organisational resources into improved business performance.
Do Bond Rating Changes Affect Information Risk of Stock Trading?

Using a sample of 279 upgrades and 310 downgrades from 1996 to 2004, we find that bond rating changes affect asymmetric information of stock trading and other measures of information risk. More specifically, when a firm's bond rating is upgraded (downgraded), its stock information asymmetry and its analysts' earnings forecast dispersion are significantly reduced (increased), while the institutional equity holdings of its shares are significantly increased (reduced). In addition, the degree of the change in stock asymmetric information is positively associated with the magnitude of the bond rating changes. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that a firm's bond rating change influences investors' perceptions of the firm's disclosure level, which, in turn, affects the information asymmetry of its stock trading and other measures of information risk.
Trust, ethics and relationship satisfaction

The development of effective customer relationships is increasingly recognised as an important component of marketing strategies, particularly in the case of service industries. Developing and maintaining satisfactory customer relationships can help to reduce perceived risk, reduce transactions costs, increase customer loyalty and customer retention and thus impact on organisational performance. From the customer’s perspective, the determinants of relationship satisfaction are thought to include factors such as customer orientation, trust, length of relationship, expertise and ethics. Provides further evidence on the cognitive antecedents of relationship satisfaction based on evidence from the financial services sector.