Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Schooling Experience of Disengaged Girls Aged 15-16 Years

The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives and schooling experiences of 15-16 year-old girls judged by their teachers to be disengaged. This research, which was based on an interactionist ethnographic approach, also served as a pilot for future research on disengagement. A sample of three teachers and five students participated in individual interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. The narrative-based thematic analysis yielded five main themes which reflected various aspects of the lived experiences of the girls. The findings revealed that as students sought to create their sense of self they seemed preoccupied with certain interests which appeared to be more of a priority in their lives. The corollary was that school, though recognised for its instrumental value, appeared to be less relevant to them. As such, students showed signs of coping with their circumstances by engaging in behaviours consistent with various forms of disengagement from school and learning. From an interactionist ethnographic approach, documenting the experiences of young people is crucial as their voices have great potential in shaping the future direction of educational research into school disengagement (Hammersley, 1999; Ball, 2003). In this regard, this project has great potential in paving the way for future research to illuminate the process of disengagement. Hence, the use of complementary sources of data might shed light on the structural influences and social resources that pupils may draw upon to shape their student and self identity.
Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Public Cloud and Cellular Automata

Abstract Reversible data hiding in encrypted images using reversible cellular automata is proposed in this article where the content owner encrypts an image using a stream cipher algorithm with an encryption key and uploads the encrypted image into the server. Later, the server embeds additional messages into the encrypted image using a three-stage selection method with an embedding key. On the user side, using both keys, an original image can be recovered. The proposed method has been observed to perform better in embedding payloads with lower computation complexity and higher security in comparison with the existing methods.
The role of village and local festivals in adolescents’ discovery of nightlife

ABSTRACT The discovery of nightlife represents a major turning point in the daily lives of adolescents. It means access to a wide range of new leisure activities and places, and there is a strong symbolic value connected with the transition towards adulthood. In order to deepen the knowledge about adolescents’ nightlife, this research focused on the first nightlife experiences of young people (aged 14–16 years old) who live in the city of Barcelona (Spain). Fieldwork revealed a strong connection between urban leisure practices and leisure in the villages where many young people spend their holidays. The results focus on the role of the village as a space of confidence (both for youth and families) to explore nightlife as a testing ground for new leisure practices. The village provides social control, feelings of security and popular nightlife events (local festivals) that allow young people to start going out at night with peers. This is strongly connected to the thick social fabric of the village, where young people have important resources in terms of socio-spatial competence and social capital. At the same time, these features represent a stronger social control on the behaviour of young people and can serve as a potential restriction of their personal development. These two sides coexist in the village as a crucial testing ground for negotiating with families a more autonomous management of leisure and free time.
Conspiratorial Thinking and Political Constraint

Recent research on conspiracy beliefs reveals that the general predisposition to believe conspiracy theories cuts across partisan and ideological lines. While this may signify that political orientations have no bearing on conspiratorial reasoning, it also may suggest that conspiracy theorists are simply less engaged in traditional left-right politics. In this manuscript, I consider the relationship between conspiratorial thinking and political constraint, or the extent to which individuals have a clear picture of “what goes with what” with respect to the various objects of the political world. Using the 2012 American National Election Study, I construct a measure of conspiratorial thinking, as well as several operationalizations of both ideological and group-based constraint and ideological thinking. Results show that individuals prone to conspiratorial thinking are less politically constrained—when it comes to both thoughts about issues and feelings about political groups—than their less conspiratorial counterparts. Moreover, conspiratorial thinking is positively associated with antigovernmental orientations and a lack of political efficacy, with conspiracy theorists perceiving a governmental threat to individual rights and displaying a deep skepticism that who one votes for really matters. These findings suggest that conspiratorial thinking may have broader implications for individuals’ basic conceptualization of politics.
Implementation of creative economy entrepreneurial character development through the culture of sustainable development and vocational stakeholders partnership

This ethnography research aims to find the concepts and implementation in developing creative economic entrepreneur characters through sustainable development culture and stakeholder partnership in vocational high school (VHS). Research data were collected inductively through in-depth interviews, participant observation, documentation study, and internet site tracing based on research questions in the data generation manual. The data from the finding were interpreted deductively through coding process, and crystallization to produce informants shared cultural pattern and values, including (a) three sequences of life-based learning; (b) taksu’s entity of creative economy; (c) seven perspectives for developing entrepreneurial characters (SEMESTA); (d) catur guru’s essential enculturation for sustainable development and stakeholders partnership in vocational high school (VHS).
Foodborne zoonotic trematode infections in Yen Bai, Vietnam : integrated approach

Background: FZTi is one of the public health concerns but the most neglected tropical disease due to helminthes. The transmission of FZTi is linked to human behavior patterns related to producing, processing, and preparing foods, particularly, habits eating raw fish and raw vegetables. The present study was undertaken to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding to FZTi among local people in Yen Bai, Vietnam, and understand the reasons why local people show risk behaviors regarding to FZTi. Materials and method: This cross-sectional descriptive study with a representative sample was designed and involved local people aged from 15 to 65 in Yen Bai, Vietnam. The study used mixed method including quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the KAP Survey (quantitative part), 375 participants were face-to-face interviewed with a structured questionnaire. In the Risk Behavior Investigation (qualitative part), 27 participants were in-depth interviewed. The current knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding to FZTi were described. Associations were analyzed using correlation test, independent-samples t test, and post hoc test. The qualitative data were analyzed by deductive approach. Results: Of all participants (n=375), only 36.3% passed the knowledge assessment (n=136), 86.7% passed the attitude assessment (n=325), and only 24% passed the practice assessment (n=91). There were differences on average knowledge score among different gender (men higher than women, p<0.05), among different ethnicities (p<0.0001) and among different education (p<0.00001). There was a difference in the frequency of the habit of eating raw fish between men and women (men higher than women, p<0.001). There was difference on average practice score between men and women (women higher than man, p<0.05). There was weak correlation between the knowledge score and practice score (p<0.00001). Eating raw fish/vegetable and drinking untreated water from Thac Ba lake are risk behaviors. The performance of these risky habits can be explained by the lack of knowledge on liver fluke infections, poor economic conditions and typical cultural features of local people. Conclusion: Current knowledge of local people is poor, and local people still perform bad practice which leads to infecting with liver fluke; therefore, an integrated intervention in order to improve the current status in Yen Bai, Vietnam is essential.
Pre-Stressed Concrete Bridge Girder Analysis, Design & Optimization - A Review

: Pre-stressed Concrete bridges nowadays have become the most widely used amongst all other bridges. Analysis and Design of such bridges are done as per various standard codes which gives satisfactory solutions to most of the design engineers. But along with that, a designer would like to optimize the structure which is obtained to make it more economical and feasible to construct. The design obtained should be safe for construction taking into consideration its cost and structural strength. Many kinds of research have been done for the optimization of bridges to obtain an economical structure. Owing to that, this review has been done regarding various methods of optimization for the girder bridges. Also, various aspects of Pre-stressed concrete bridges have been discussed to compute the overall behaviour of the structure which includes various losses, stresses, cable profile, strands, codal provisions, etc. has been discussed in details.
Why Do Researchers and Educators Still Use the Rosenberg Scale? Alternative New Concepts and Measurement Tools for Self-Esteem

Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) has been the most frequently and widely used tool in self-esteem research and education. Until recently, findings on self-esteem have steadily accumulated using this scale. However, in recent years, more studies began to indicate various faults of the RSES, particularly in that it does not measure what Rosenberg (1965) demonstrated as the concept of desirable self-esteem. In this paper, first, it isdiscussed why the RSES should not be used in terms of validity. Thereafter, recent new concepts of self-esteem are introduced, including concepts by Deci and Ryan (1995), Kernis (2003), and Yamasaki et al. (2017). Next, according to Yamasaki et al. (2017), it is suggested that desirable self-esteem testing is needed using certain non-conscious measuring tools because self-report (i.e., consciously answered) questionnaires cannot capture desirable components of self-esteem. Regarding new assessment tools, newly developed implicit association tests (IATs) that are completely distinct from previous ones are discussed in terms of their measurementof desirable self-esteem. Finally, it is discussed how programs to enhance desirable self-esteem should operate, given their effectiveness. Thus, the current paper emphasizes the necessity to disseminate new concepts, measuring tools, and programs to correct wrong avenues on which researchers and educators have been treading.
Coastal geomorphic chronosequences across broad spatiotemporal scales. Metrical observations from the Cape Verde hotspot

The study of the coastal landscapes of hotspot oceanic islands through comprehensive structural metrics and ecological estimators represents an opportunity to explore geomorphological transformations and broad spatiotemporal scale features of coastal evolution. As part of this approach, a new metrical comparative analysis is presented in this study, comprising four islands in different evolutionary stages. They belong to the Cape Verde archipelago, which forms a double insular chain in which an east–west gradient in age and evolution is particularly evident across the southern chain. A space‐for‐time (SFT) substitution approach is applied to the coasts of (1) Fogo, in the shield stage; (2) Santiago, in the early post‐erosional stage; (3) São Vicente, in the advanced post‐erosional stage; and (4) Boa Vista, in the last erosional stage. From the obtained spatial distributions and frequencies of landforms, the coastal landscapes of these islands are compared in relation to their (i) geomorphic composition, using similarity indices (Whittaker, βw, Sorensen, Cs) and nestedness estimators (NOFD, WNODF), (ii) geomorphic abundance, using morpho‐assembling densities (Dgm), and (iii) geomorphic diversity, using six alpha‐diversity indices (Richness, S, Menhinick, DMN, Simpson, D, Shannon, H', Berger‐Parker, d, and Brillouin, HB). An advanced geomorphological taxonomy is implemented for areas with limited open‐access data, including a set of planform features captured through scale‐frequency decomposition. Photographic, cartographic and fieldwork data are used for landform identification at 1200 random sampling points, empirically determined by a bootstrap method. The results show a chronological ordering of the compared variables and a possible co‐evolution towards an increase in organizational geomorphic complexity of coastal systems at broad space‐timescales. The method proposed in this study can contribute, from a metrical perspective, to finding new long‐term evolutionary features and constitutes an advance in the development of an integrated model of coastal evolution in oceanic islands. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrum of bone marrow aspiration test results at prince rashid hospital/ jordan; a 3 year experience

Objective: To investigate the common clinical conditions found in bone marrow aspirate test reports among patients of medical ward at Prince Rashid Hospital.Methods: This is a retrospective study from January 2008 to December 2010. All bone marrow aspiration results were retrieved from the lab records. Results: A total of 200 bone marrow aspiration results were recorded from patients aged 13 years to 80 years. There were 101 females and 99 males with an M: F ration of almost 1:1. The more frequent indications for bone marrow aspiration were unexplained anemia or pancytopenia, found in 60% of request forms, investigation of underlying hematological malignancy, found in 30% of request forms. The main findings were variable according to the age group. Anemia of chronic disease (23.3%) was the commonest finding in the age group >65 years equal to normal bone marrow findings. Normal bone marrow was the commonest finding in the 36-65 year age group (17.5% ) with anemia of chronic disease being next (12.5%). In the 13-35 year age group, normal bone marrow was the commonest finding (20%). Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are used to collect and evaluate bone marrow specimens. Bone marrow aspiration is an important diagnostic modality. This study emphasizes the significance of bone marrow aspiration as a single test when bone marrow biopsy is not available. However, to achieve the optimum standards of patient care and management; bone marrow aspiration and biopsy should be integrated
Segmentation and Modelling of the Nuclear Envelope of HeLa Cells Imaged with Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper describes an unsupervised algorithm, which segments the nuclear envelope of HeLa cells imaged by Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscopy. The algorithm exploits the variations of pixel intensity in different cellular regions by calculating edges, which are then used to generate superpixels. The superpixels are morphologically processed and those that correspond to the nuclear region are selected through the analysis of size, position, and correspondence with regions detected in neighbouring slices. The nuclear envelope is segmented from the nuclear region. The three-dimensional segmented nuclear envelope is then modelled against a spheroid to create a two-dimensional (2D) surface. The 2D surface summarises the complex 3D shape of the nuclear envelope and allows the extraction of metrics that may be relevant to characterise the nature of cells. The algorithm was developed and validated on a single cell and tested in six separate cells, each with 300 slices of 2000 × 2000 pixels. Ground truth was available for two of these cells, i.e., 600 hand-segmented slices. The accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated with two similarity metrics: Jaccard Similarity Index and Mean Hausdorff distance. Jaccard values of the first/second segmentation were 93%/90% for the whole cell, and 98%/94% between slices 75 and 225, as the central slices of the nucleus are more regular than those on the extremes. Mean Hausdorff distances were 9/17 pixels for the whole cells and 4/13 pixels for central slices. One slice was processed in approximately 8 s and a whole cell in 40 min. The algorithm outperformed active contours in both accuracy and time.
Stakeholder’s perception of service quality: a case in Qatar

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and report students’ perception of service quality in a university by examining the perceptual context of service quality with respect to students’ loyalty behavior, image of the university and culture/values. Design/methodology/approach A research framework is developed for quality assessment with three hypotheses. A questionnaire with 65 instruments was used for gathering the required data for the analysis. The questionnaire was sent through email to all engineering students. The analysis included descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, gap analysis and hypotheses tests. Seven dimensions of service quality were identified: the original dimensions of the SERVQUAL, namely, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles. Two additional dimensions image and culture/value were added for the research to understand perceived service quality and loyalty. Findings The results provide a significant positive correlation between service quality and student's loyalty. It also shows that there is statistically significant relation between the image of the institution and the perceived service quality, and culture/values of the students in the institution and perceived service quality. Research limitations/implications This study used data collected from a survey in the university in a given period. Practical implications The findings indicate that to provide quality education, meeting students’ needs, wants and expectations of services quality should be carefully understood and addressed. Management also needs to consider factors such as corporate image and culture/value, as they have the ability to heavily impact the type of services provided by the institution. Originality/value The findings presented in this paper fill the gap in the current literature by providing empirical knowledge on the quality of service assessment and customer satisfaction in the higher education context. The study is the first of its kind in Qatar’s context and provides opportunities for higher institutions to focus more on current students’ services. This can lead to an increased brand value representing one of the premier institutes of higher education in the Middle East Gulf Region.
THE IMPACT OF YOUTH GANG VIOLENCE ON THE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF MALE HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS IN KHAYELITSHA

This article draws on a study which explored youth gang violence amongst male high school learners in Khayelitsha. A qualitative research design and a snowball sampling were applied. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to conduct in-depth face-to-face individual interviews. The study found that most learners start engaging in gang activities between the ages of 12 and 14 years. The respondents wanted the gang violence to end because it interfered with their educational attainment. Respondents also perceived the community to be consciously and unconsciously promoting youth gang violence. Recommendations are proposed regarding the management of youth gang violence.
INCORPORATION OF TUMOR ANTIGEN EPITOPES INTO CYTOKINE SIGNAL PEPTIDES ENHANCE THE EFFICACY OF IMMUNO-GENE THERAPY

Immuno-gene therapy is a promising approach for the control of cancer. Because of the essential role in activating and expanding T cell responses to antigens, cytokines are comprehensively studied for cancer therapy. The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is diminished by the fact that spontaneous tumors often downregulate antigen expression and/or presentation. The density of tumor antigen in conjunction with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on the cell surface affects cytotoxic T cell (CTL) function. In this study, we have developed a novel approach to augment the effect of cytokine-based cancer immuno-gene therapy through the coupling of antigen expression/presentation with cytokine production by expression of antigen epitopes within cytokine signal peptides. We first investigated the possibility of modifying cytokine signal peptides with antigen epitopes without aborting function. We inserted the genes encoding the MHC class I restricted antigenic epitopes of chicken ovalbumin (OVA), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2), and oncoprotein HER2 into the signal sequence of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene, replacing part of the signal sequence at different positions. Our results showed that these modified signal peptides still functioned, as indicated by cytokine secretion. We then demonstrated that an antigen epitope contained within the modified signal peptide could be processed properly and presented on the tumor cell surface. Furthermore, using a murine melanoma model, we studied the effect of antigen epitope modified IL-2 and
Socialisation Mediates The Relationship Between Learning Environments and Architecture Students' Academic Performance

Good learning environments are often directly linked with academic success though controlling for other factors such as socioeconomic status and entry qualifications are constantly required. This study, re-examines the above premise using qualitative open-ended responses from 29 students majoring in architecture from Ahmadu Bello University as studies investigating this category of respondents are sparsely undertaken. Results from qualitative content analyses of 81 phrases reveal that although learning environment influences academic performance, a number of respondents, particularly males, categorically stated that it has no influence on their academic performance. The findings thus assert that providing conducive learning environments may not always translate into good grades to students. Socialisation and interactions between staff and students as well as student-to-student interactions emerged as mediators in the learning environment-academic performance relationship. The need for socialisation and support was pertinent for lower levels, while inadequacy of facilities notably classrooms and studio space influenced postgraduate students more. IEQ variables such as noise and thermal comfort, security as well as assessment modalities also influence academic performance.