Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MATING SYSTEMS IN THE PLEUROTHALLIDINAE (ORCHIDACEAE): EVOLUTIONARY AND SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS

We developed a project addressing the determination of the reproductive system through experimental pollinations of species in the major genera representing all major lineages of Pleurothallidinae in order to determine occurrence of self-incompatibility in the subtribe, in which group it has possibly appeared for the first time, and how many times it has evolved. Additionally we surveyed the floral biology of species of Octomeria , a genus with morphological characters typical of bee-pollinated flowers that was previously regarded as mellitophilous. At the moment, all but one of the species studied in selected large genera of the major lineages ( Acianthera , Anathallis , Masdevallia , Octomeria , Specklinia, and Stelis ) are self-incompatible. The species studied may possess complete, strong or partial self-incompatibility. We found two different sites where self-incompatibility reactions occur, the stigma and the stylar channel, and both sites were not found in the same genus except for Anathallis . In Anathallis , the two groups that differ morphologically (formerly Pleurothallis subgen. Specklinia sect. Muscosae and sect. Acuminatae ) exhibit different sites of reaction. Flowers of Octomeria species produce nectar and are pollinated by both male and female Sciaridae flies, and the populations have high genetic variability similar to that found in Acianthera species. Our results indicate that self-incompatibility is a generalized widespread feature of the myophilous clade of the Pleurothallidinae and possibly evolved early in the subtribe, enabling the maintenance of high levels of genetic variability in the populations of each species in spite of pollinator behavior. Moreover, although sapromyophily (pollination by female flies by deceit) is much more common in the group, myophily s.s. (pollination by anthophilous flies seeking nectar) apparently evolved first from the plesiomorphic mellitophilous condition. In addition to the morphological synapomorphy uniting the members of the former circumscription of the subtribe (an articulation between the ovary and pedicel), our results also point to the occurrence of two biological synapomorphies in the group — self-incompatibility and myophily. Based on these differences, we suggest the splitting of Pleurothallidinae as presently recognized into two subtribes: one composed of the large, self-incompatible, myophilous clade and the other of the small, self-compatible, ornithophilous clade.
Delay in Diagnosis of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Its Rare Manifestations: A Case Report

Introduction: Tuberculosis is now more frequently observed in older individuals, often with underlying illnesses or conditions that may confuse diagnosis. Rapid diagnosis is mandatory. However, treatment should be initiated immediately based on strong clinical suspicion, because mortality from tuberculosis is most often due to delays in treatment. Case presentation: A 68-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with fever. He had splenomegaly, ascites and right-sided psoas abscess. Chest X-ray was normal. Although the vertebral column was intact, he had asymptomatic sacroiliitis. Bony changes of the right sacroiliac joint seemed to be chronic on computerized tomography (CT) scan. Lack of associated clinical symptoms strengthened this assumption. However, signal alterations of respective areas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested active inflammation. Analysis of aspirated pus was positive for acid-fast bacilli and the culture depicted mycobacterial growth. The patient was not cirrhotic yet he had high serum-ascites albumin gradient ascites. He had two hypodense lesions in his liver with a cholestatic pattern in the liver test. He had pancytopenia. Biopsy from his liver and bone marrow showed multiple granulomas. Treatment was started with an anti-tuberculosis regimen of four drugs. He responded well to our therapeutic protocol. Conclusions: Tuberculosis is still a diagnostic challenge, especially when the presentation is atypical and extra-pulmonary.
Macroinvertebrate identity, not diversity, differed across patches differing in substrate particle size and leaf litter packs in low order, tropical Atlantic forest streams

Mac roinvertebrate identity, not diversity, differed across patches differing in substrate particle size and leaf litter packs in low order, tropical Atlantic forest streams The size of streambed sediment particles is an important determinant of habitat complexity for stream-dwelling invertebrates. In tropical streams we tested if, at the patch scale, sandy substrates were poorer in organisms and taxa when compared with larger grain-size substrates in three experiments: (a) sampling patches with coarse and fine substrates and leaf packs in eight low-order streams, (b) manipulating substrate size at the patch scale in a low-order stream and (c) sampling coarse and fine sediment patches in a larger river. We also investigated the abundance of aquatic hyphomycete conidia in these streams to relate shredder abundance with the presence of fungal decomposers, given that tropical streams are frequently reported as being poor in shredders. In the three experiments, there were consistently no differences in terms of the family richness or total number of invertebrates across the substrate types, but taxa identity differed across substrates. Invertebrate numbers and taxa were positively correlated with current velocity. Macroinvertebrate densities (150-300 individuals/m 2 ) were lower than those reported in the literature (500->1500 individuals/m 2 ), but the number of taxa was high (37 families observed, 52 estimated). Shredders comprised 13% of all individuals and 11% of all taxa. The low number of shredders contrasted with the presence of aquatic hyphomycete spores in stream waters and in leaves sampled from the streams. We concluded that the high number of taxa and low number of individuals buffer changes in substrate, allowing the presence of invertebrates even in the less-favorable substrates (sand). Although litter and aquatic hyphomycetes were present in these streams, shredders were poorly represented; this raises the question as to why litter consumers are scarce when resources are abundant in forested tropical streams.
Primary CR energy spectrum and mass composition by the data of Tunka-133 array

The Cherenkov light array for the registration of extensive air showers (EAS) Tunka-133 collected data during 5 winter seasons from 2009 to 2014. The differential energy spectrum of all particles and the dependence of the average maximum depth on the energy in the range of 6 · 10 15 -10 18 eV measured for 1540 hours of observation are presented.
Identifying Clusters of High Confidence Homologies in Multiple Sequence Alignments

Abstract Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is ubiquitous in evolution and bioinformatics. MSAs are usually taken to be a known and fixed quantity on which to perform downstream analysis despite extensive evidence that MSA accuracy and uncertainty affect results. These errors are known to cause a wide range of problems for downstream evolutionary inference, ranging from false inference of positive selection to long branch attraction artifacts. The most popular approach to dealing with this problem is to remove (filter) specific columns in the MSA that are thought to be prone to error. Although popular, this approach has had mixed success and several studies have even suggested that filtering might be detrimental to phylogenetic studies. We present a graph-based clustering method to address MSA uncertainty and error in the software Divvier (available at https://github.com/simonwhelan/Divvier), which uses a probabilistic model to identify clusters of characters that have strong statistical evidence of shared homology. These clusters can then be used to either filter characters from the MSA (partial filtering) or represent each of the clusters in a new column (divvying). We validate Divvier through its performance on real and simulated benchmarks, finding Divvier substantially outperforms existing filtering software by retaining more true pairwise homologies calls and removing more false positive pairwise homologies. We also find that Divvier, in contrast to other filtering tools, can alleviate long branch attraction artifacts induced by MSA and reduces the variation in tree estimates caused by MSA uncertainty.
DFIG modelling and the relevance of model simplification

SUMMARY There has been a fast growing demand for the application of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) in wind power plants in recent years. They have in particular dominated the market in last two years. DFIG is an ideal candidate to satisfy the requirements of the recently proposed challenging grid codes. However, many uncertainties still exist or at least there are no published reports regarding validated comprehensive DFIG models. This paper attempts to clarify the existing ambiguities in modelling of DFIG under various operating conditions. The paper deals with detailed modelling of DFIG in stator-flux oriented reference frame using vector control algorithm. The model includes the current controllers for the rotor-side and grid-side converter. It investigates the influence of various subsystems (including model simplifications) on DFIG simulation results using the power system analysis package DIgSILENT PowerFactory. It also suggests appropriate control strategies for a selected set of network operating conditions and topologies.
Consumer attitudes towards farm-raised and wild-caught fish : variables of product perception *

Global and national fish sector trends require Italian operators to implement new marketing strategies for their production to evade foreign competition and exploit the Italian agro-food system synergies. This survey analyses customer purchase attitudes, especially towards farm-raised fish through a hierarchical clustering analysis performed on 300 buyers in traditional shops in Milan. The perception of the product seems to be tied to traditional customs. However, it is indicated that contemporary customers have the capacity to understand differences between fish products, consequently allowing for new communication approaches. In particular, wild-caught fish, purchased by hedonic and old customers, can be displayed through new labels stating the product origin, in order to merge sensory and cultural-empathetic consumption together. The fish farmers’ challenge is to enhance consumer loyalty to their product, through general communication campaigns related to the farm-raised fishes’ intrinsic and environmental properties to fill the gap between producers’ and buyers’ knowledge.
Ageostrophic instabilities of a front in a stratified rotati ng fluid

It is known that at large Rossby numbers geostrophically bal anced flows develop specific ageostrophic instabilities. We undertake a detailed study of the so-called Rossby -Kelvi n instability and of its nonlinear evolution. The collocation method is used to study linear stability of b alanced baroclinic flow in the framework of the 2-layer rotating shallow water model. We reproduce Sakai’s results [4], and obtain similar results for the cases of layers of different depth and of outcropping of the density interfa ce. In order to investigate the RK instability in the more realis tic framework of continuously stratified flow, and to study its nonlinear stage, we then use an atmospheric mesosc ale model WRF. We confirm the appearance of the RK-instability with characteristics which are qualitativ ely and quantitatively close to the 2-layer case. We observe the saturation of the instability and formation of secondar y vortices at the nonlinear stage of evolution. Résumé : Les instabilités d’une région de front dans un fluide stratifi é en rotation sont étudiées. On s’intéresse plus particulièrement à l’instabilité dite de Rossby-Kelvin, q ui existe grâce au couplage d’une onde de Rossby et d’une onde Kelvin. La stabilité linéaire d’un front dans un fluide à deux couches est étudiée numériquement par la méthode de collocation. Les résultats de Sakai [4] pour le cas de deux co uches d’égale hauteur sont confirmés et ceci valide notre approche. Celle-ci permet d’étendre ces résultats au x cas non-symétriques et au cas où le front intersecte le fond ou la surface. Ensuite, la stabilité d’un front dans un fluide continuement stratifié est analysée par des simulations numériques à l’aide du modèle méso-échelle WRF (Weather Research and Fo recast). L’existence de l’instabilité de RossbyKelvin dans un fluide stratifié est ainsi confirmée, avec des ta ux de croissance comparables au cas du fluide à deux couches. Key-words : fronts; baroclinic instability ; Rossby-Kelvin instabili ty
Measurement Invariance of Divergent Thinking Across Gender, Age, and School Forms

The present study explores the factorial structure and the degree of measurement invariance of 12 divergent thinking tests. In a large sample of German students (N = 1328), a three-factor model representing verbal, figural, and numerical divergent thinking was supported. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses revealed that partial strong measurement invariance was tenable across gender and age groups as well as school forms. Latent mean comparisons resulted in significantly higher divergent thinking skills for females and students in schools with higher mean IQ. Older students exhibited higher latent means on the verbal and figural factor, but not on the numerical factor. These results suggest that a domain-specific model of divergent thinking may be assumed, although further research is needed to elucidate the sources that negatively affect measurement invariance.
Numerical Analysis and Measurement of Non-Uniform Torsion

The subject of the present paper is an innovative approach to the investigation of the non-uniform torsional behaviour of prismatic beams taking into account the secondary torsional moment deformation effects. This investigation contains computational and experimental parts for both open and closed thin-walled crosssections. Results of original experimental measurements of some warping-torsion features will be presented and compared with the ones obtained analytically and numerically. The necessity of considering the warping effects for closed thin-walled beams are studied and evaluated. The accuracy and the correctness of the results obtained are evaluated and discussed. The main novelty in this study is the measurement of some of the most important warping parameters, especially for closed cross-sections. These measurements prove the importance of warping consideration in non-uniform torsion of open and closed thin-walled profiles, and also the necessity of considering the secondary torsion moment deformation effect, especially in closed cross-sections.
Linkages Between Informal and Formal Social Capital and Their Relations with Forums of Trust. A focus on Romania

Firstly, we investigate the structure of social capital based on several indicators selected on the basis of the European Social Survey’s 2006 wave for Romania. Secondly, the role of informal social interaction and some individual-level sociodemographical variables in determining formal, informal and community level volunteering is analyzed. The third part of the analysis investigates the role of these types of social capital in producing various forms of trust. The results of the analyses resulted in two specific variables, for informal and informal social capital: the former consists in variables accounting for informal networking with closer ties, while the latter consists in variables accounting for different kinds of voluntary activities. Regarding the cognitive dimension of social trust, we succeeded to separate specific types of trust. Once controlling for socio-demographics and religiosity, schmoozing exercises significant, positive influence only on formal volunteering. Our results suggest that the profile of those involved in the specific forms of volunteering is quite similar in at least two aspects: it seems that compared to the youngest age category, middle aged individuals are less involved in volunteering; compared to the lower educated respondents those who are medium and upper level educated people are the most involved in each types of volunteering.
ROLE OF NORMAL PERFUSION TIME ON FUNCTIONAL ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND PHYSIOLOGY OF INTERFIBRILLAR AND SUB-SARCOLEMMAL MITOCHONDRIA FROM ISOLATED RAT HEART

Objective: Obvious lack of interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) subpopulation in isolated mitochondria attributed to limitations in the isolation procedure. In this manuscript, we compared the functional activities of mitochondrial sub-populations namely, IFM and sub-sarcolemmal (SSM) mitochondria. Methods: IFM and SSM were obtained from isolated rat heart subjected to different perfusion time namely (minutes) 0.5,5,10,25,60 and 120 through Langendroff perfusion system. Results: Prolonged perfusion of isolated rat heart reduced oxidative phosphorylation capacity in both IFM and SSM, but were distinct among the sub-populations. However, mRNA expression level of ND4, CYT B and ATP 6 and resazurin activity was similar in both IFM and SSM. Conclusion: Even though overall function of myocardium is unchanged, mitochondrial sub- populations were distinct in electron transport chain activities, emphasizes the requirement to assess mitochondrial function as distinct subpopulation rather than whole entity.
Female empowerment and development in latin america: Use versus production of information and communications technology

In 1992 the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) arst highlighted technology as a tool for human development, and the more recent Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have recognized the important role that ICT can play in the aght against global poverty and as an effective tool to help achieve the MDGs (Information and Communication Technology for Development, UNDP). Furthermore, nearly all national governments have addressed technology in some fashion as a national imperative for sustainable development. Heeks (2008) has noted that the construction of the Internet and the MDGs gave rise to what he has called ICT4D 1.0, the arst phase of a process to link ICTs with development goals by implementing technology as a tool for development, usually in the form of telecenters, and creating ICT access for the poor. Women’s empowerment is also thematic as a policy initiative to promote development. Gender is considered a cross-cutting theme of the MDGs, and the afth goal calls for gender equality and the empowerment of women. ICTs, as stated by the 2003 World Summit on the Information Society in Geneva, are a key tool to promote this empowerment. The previous issue of this journal (Volume 4, Issue 2) presented several successful projects and research andings in the area of ICTs, women, and development. To follow up and expand on this important area of IT and development, this paper suggests two approaches, rather than one, for conceptualizing ICTs and the empowerment of women. In the arst two sections of the paper we argue that a distinction can and should be made between women as users and as producers of ICTs. We follow this with a brief review of how this might apply to Latin America, providing policy and research suggestions for this region as well as other developing regions of the world.
Induction of antioxidant system in niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) under drought stress

Drought stress is a highly pervasive and economically damaging abiotic stress that affects plant yield and productivity worldwide. Physiologically, drought stress in plants is associated with oxidative stress leading to tissue damage. Drought stress imposed over 72 h in 10 days old seedlings of Guizotia abyssinica Cass, niger (cv; RCR-18) under greenhouse conditions resulted in elevated levels of oxidative stress markers such as H2O2, malondialdehyde, proline, reduced glutathione and ascorbate in a time-dependent manner. Levels of antioxidant enzymes: peroxidases and glutathione reductase, and metabolic enzyme: amylase and acid phosphatase were moderately enhanced. The levels of stress markers, antioxidants, and recovery upon re-watering suggested that the antioxidant system in niger could withstand the drought stress for up to 48 h under greenhouse conditions. Key words: Drought stress, antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, abiotic stress.
A Time-Frequency Analysis of the Coherences of the Us Business Cycle and the European Business Cycle

The search for and dating of a possible european business cycle, has been inconclusive. At this stage, there is no consensus on the existence of such a cycle, or of its periodicity and amplitude, or of the relationship of individual member countries to that cycle. Yet cyclical convergence is the key consideration for countries which have to decide whether they wish to be members of a currency union such as the euro. The confusion over whether and to what degree the UK is converging on the cycles of its European partners, or whether its cycle is more in line with the US, is a classic example of the difficulties caused by this lack of consensus. We argue that different countries will vary in the components and characteristics that make up their output cycles, as well as vary in the state of their cycle at any point of time. We show how to decompose a business cycle in a time-frequency framework. This then allows us to decompose movements in output, both at the European level and in member countries, into their component cycles and allows those component cycles to vary in importance and cyclical characteristics over time. It also allows us to determine if the nonconclusive results so far have appeared because member countries have some cycles in common, but diverge (i.e. have nothing in common) at other frequencies.