Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microleakage and penetration ability of resin sealant versus bonding system when applied following contamination.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage and penetration ability of sealing materials applied under different conditions of contamination. METHODS One hundred twenty extracted human molar teeth were randomly assigned to 12 groups. The treatment groups were defined by the combination of sealing materials (Concise; Optibond system; Optibond system plus Concise) and 4 surface conditions (no moisture and no saliva contamination; moisture contamination; dried saliva contamination; wet saliva contamination). Each tooth was subjected to thermal cycling (5,000 cycles at 5 degrees C-55 degrees C) with a dwell time of 30 seconds and dye immersion (5% methylene blue for 24 hours). Microleakage, penetration ability, and fissure types were examined after sectioning. Multiple regression analyses and the Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Concise showed significantly less microleakage than the Optibond system (P<.031) when the procedures were performed under no contamination or moisture contamination. However, when Concise was applied on the wet saliva-contaminated surfaces, considerably higher microleakage and unfilled areas were found compared to the use of Optibond alone or Optibond with Concise (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS When there is saliva contamination, the use of Optibond alone or with Concise is beneficial for decreasing microleakage and increasing the penetration ability of sealants.
Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Products of Conception: A Relationship Revisited

Objectives: Cytogenetic evaluation of product of conception (POC) is essential to determine the cause of pregnancy loss and aid the prenatal diagnosis of subsequent pregnancies. The purpose of this study is twofold. (1) To profile cytogenetic abnormalities, their relationship with maternal and gestational age and analyze sex ratios in our case series of 2052 consecutive samples of POC referred to the Baystate Medical Center, Laboratory Genetics between January 1992 and January 1999. (2) To present a comprehensive review of such data published in the last 15 years, in order to study temporal differences in the above parameters and make this information readily available for cytogeneticists and genetic counselors.
Quantum Genetic Learning Control of Quantum Ensembles with Hamiltonian Uncertainties

In this paper, a new method for controlling a quantum ensemble that its members have uncertainties in Hamiltonian parameters is designed. Based on combining the sampling-based learning control (SLC) and a new quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) method, the control of an ensemble of a two-level quantum system with Hamiltonian uncertainties is achieved. To simultaneously transfer the ensemble members to a desired state, an SLC algorithm is designed. For reducing the transfer error significantly, an optimization problem is defined. Considering the advantages of QGA and the nature of the problem, the optimization problem by using the QGA method is solved. For this purpose, N samples through sampling of the uncertainty parameters via uniform distribution are generated and an augmented system is also created. By using QGA in the training step, the best control signal is obtained. To test the performance and validation of the method, the obtained control is implemented for some random selected samples. A couple of examples are simulated for investigating the proposed model. The results of the simulations indicate the effectiveness and the advantages of the proposed method.
Treatment of dialysis catheter infections in 2004

Hemodialysis catheter associated infections are a major source of morbidity and mortality in end stage renal disease patients. There is disagreement about the management of catheter infections, particularly concerning the removal of potentially infected tunneled dialysis catheters. A dialysis catheter should generally be removed when an infection involves a temporary hemodialysis catheter, a septic patient, a patient with a tunnel tract infection, or a patient with evidence of a metastatic infectious complication. In treating stable patients with clinically mild catheter associated bacteremia, parenteral antibiotics alone have a low success rate in eliminating the infection. Antibiotic locks are an emerging strategy for treating these patients, but at present higher rates of success and lower costs are achieved by exchanging the catheter over a guidewire. Antibiotic lock solutions, antibiotic coated catheters, and totally implantable dialysis access systems may play a large role in prevention of catheter associated infections in the future; however, further randomized controlled trials of these strategies are needed. Future efforts should concentrate on limiting the use of traditional tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheters by early referral to vascular surgery for the creation of an arterio-venous fistula.
Course of Life of Survivors of Childhood Cancer Is Related to Quality of Life in Young Adulthood

Abstract The aims of this study were to assess the following: (1) The impact of medical determinants on the course of life of survivors of childhood cancer and (2) the impact of the course of life on Quality of Life (QoL) in young adulthood. A total of 353 Dutch cancer survivors, aged 18–30, completed the RAND-36 Health Survey and the Course-of-Life questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Survivors of brain tumors and survivors having been treated with radiotherapy reported the achievement of significantly fewer milestones in the psychosexual and social domain than the other survivors. Survivors who achieved fewer milestones in the social domain scored worse on QoL. Health-care providers should help to minimize the harm for children who grow up with cancer by encouraging social and psychosexual development. Children should be encouraged to make friends and to participate in peer activities.
Multivortex solutions of the Abelian Chern-Simons-Higgs theory.

We have examined vortex solutions in (2+1)D Chern-Simons-Higgs theory which has no usual Maxwell term. It is shown that the Bogomol'nyi-type equations can be derived for a simple sixth-order Higgs potential and corresponding general {ital n}-vortex solutions should contain 2{ital n} free parameters. Various characteristics of Chern-Simons vortices are discussed briefly.
Successes and new emerging challenges in tobacco control: addressing the vector

There have been momentous events in tobacco control since the first edition of Tobacco Control was launched in 1992. These include increased global awareness of the harmfulness of tobacco and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). 1 The WHO FCTC represents the most momentous milestone; it was the first treaty negotiated under the auspices of the WHO and entered into force in 2005. It is one of the most rapidly embraced UN treaties and represents a paradigm shift in developing a regulatory strategy to address addictive substances. In contrast to previous drug control treaties, the WHO FCTC asserted the importance of demand reduction strategies as well as supply issues and thus established a framework for an integrated multisectoral response to a grave public health issue. Other major achievements include strengthening of the international non-governmental movement against tobacco, for example, continuing and expanded world conferences on tobacco or health; the establishment of the International Network of Women Against Tobacco, inaugurated about the same time as the launch of the journal; the Framework Convention Alliance formed in 1999; international web-based networks on tobacco. There has been a significant increase in research on the effects of tobacco and secondhand smoke, the economic costs of tobacco and the behaviour of the tobacco companies; financial contributions of major international donors have increased the levels of funding for tobacco control efforts in low- and middle-income countries. Other key developments include the series of WHO Reports on the Global Tobacco Epidemic,2 which provides an unprecedented level of detail and roadmaps for effective solutions; reduction in smoking prevalence rates in many parts of the world; and the UN summit on Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in 2011, in which the need to address tobacco use prevalence was highlighted as a cornerstone of NCD interventions. That said, …
Statistical optimization for improved indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and demonstration of enhanced plant growth promotion

rd block, Bangalore -560011, India. * Abstract The present study was undertaken to study the statistical optimization of medium components for improved Indole-3- acetic acid (IAA) production by Pseudomo- nas aeruginosa. Colorimetric analysis showed maximum IAA (132 µg mL -1 ) in the medium supplemented with tryptophan (0.5 g L -1 ). The maximum production was achieved after 96 h of incubation. Yeast extract, tryptophan and EDTA were identi- fied as significant components influencing IAA production by Pseudomonas aeru- ginosa, using the Plackett- Burman method. The statistical optimization approach led to the production of 318 µg mL -1 of IAA within 24 h of incubation. Statistical approach was found to be very effective in optimizing the medium components in a manageable number of experimental runs with overall 2.4 fold increase in IAA pro- duction. TLC and GC- MS analysis further confirmed the IAA production in the cell filtrates of the strain. GC-MS analysis and tryptophan side chain oxidase confirmed the existence of atleast 2 possible pathways for IAA by this strain. Inoculation of P. aeruginosa culture filtrate enhanced seed germination (82.4%) and increase in root length and shoot length (~ 2.6 and ~ 1.1 folds over the control) of cowpea seeds over the control treatment under pot culture conditions.
Invented Eden: The Elusive, Disputed History of the Tasaday

In 1971 Manual Elizalde, a Philippine government minister with a dubious background, discovered a band of twenty-six "Stone Age" rain-forest dwellers living in total isolation. The tribe was soon featured in American newscasts and graced the cover of National Geographic. But after a series of aborted anthropological ventures, the Tasaday Reserve established by Ferdinand Marcos was closed to visitors, and the tribe vanished from public view. Twelve years later, a Swiss reporter hiked into the area and discovered that the Tasaday were actually farmers whom Elizalde had coerced into dressing in leaves and posing with stone tools. The "anthropological find of the century" had become the "ethnographic hoax of the century. " Or maybe not. Robin Hemley tells a story that is more complex than either the hoax proponents or the authenticity advocates might care to admit. It is a gripping and ultimately tragic tale of innocence found, lost, and found again. The author provides an afterword for this Bison Books edition.
Children deserve the same rights we do: the need for paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension clinical drug development

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease in adults, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 30–50 per million.1 2 It is even less frequent in children, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 10–20 per million.3 PAH includes idiopathic PAH (IPAH), hereditable PAH and associated PAH, for example PAH associated with connective tissue diseases, congenital heart disease, HIV, portal hypertension or toxins/drugs. PAH is a disease of progressive increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure that, if untreated, results in death within 2–3 years in adults and within 1 year after diagnosis in children with IPAH, ie, a horrific outcome for a disorder entirely limited to the pulmonary vasculature.4 Not surprisingly, because of its rarity, it has been extremely difficult to study the disease to gain an understanding of its pathobiology; an essential step to develop safe and effective therapies. Based on observational data demonstrating that overall, PAH in children is far more similar than different compared with PAH in adults, we have extrapolated what we have learned from the adult PAH arena to children. In both children and in adults, the disease presents with a broad spectrum of clinical features that are manifestations of similar pathological and pathobiological processes. The histopathological lesions seen in adults are also observed in children. Both populations have endothelial dysfunction with abnormalities in vascular and endothelial homeostasis. A comparable genetic background is observed in adults and in children. Based on these observations, consensus in the paediatric pulmonary hypertension community is to use similar diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in paediatric (based on expert opinion) and adult (evidence-based) patients.5 Moledina et al 6 report in this issue of Heart a 7-year retrospective experience in the UK with childhood IPAH ( see page 1401 ). The cohort of 64 children is one of the largest …
Islet1 selectively promotes peripheral axon outgrowth in Rohon‐Beard primary sensory neurons

We isolated a novel zebrafish mutant, lullaby (llb), and showed that the llb locus encodes the zebrafish orthologue of isl1. Rohon‐Beard (RB) primary sensory neurons are multipolar neurons that extend their central axons longitudinally within the spinal cord and also extend their peripheral axons under the skin. In llb embryos, the outgrowth of the peripheral axons of RB neurons was selectively impaired, which correlated with down‐regulation of the expression of dihydropyrimidinase‐like 3 (dpysl3, also known as collapsin response mediator protein 4, crmp4). Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide (AMO)‐mediated knockdown of dpysl3 inhibited the outgrowth of the peripheral axons of RB neurons, and semaphorin 3d (sema3d) AMO enhanced this effect. These data indicate that Dpysl3 is cooperating with Sema3d in the peripheral axon outgrowth, and Isl1 is required for the selective outgrowth of the peripheral axons of RB neurons by maintaining the expression of dpysl3. Developmental Dynamics 240:9–22, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low mRNA expression levels of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) predict short-term relapse in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Several members of the family of tissue kallikrein and kallikrein-related peptidases have been suggested as promising tumor biomarkers with important prognostic significance. However, only one (KLK11) has already been studied in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) as a potential biomarker for LSCC diagnosis and/or prognosis. Our study investigated the prognostic value of kallikrein-related peptidase-4 (KLK4) mRNA expression as a molecular tissue biomarker in LSCC. For this purpose, KLK4 mRNA expression analysis was performed in 116 cancerous and 74 paired non-cancerous laryngeal tissue specimens obtained from patients that had undergone surgical treatment for primary LSCC. A remarkable downregulation of KLK4 mRNA expression was discovered in laryngeal tumors, compared to non-cancerous laryngeal tissue specimens. KLK4 mRNA expression was also shown to distinguish LSCC from non-cancerous laryngeal tissues. Furthermore, low KLK4 mRNA expression was shown to predict poor disease-free survival, independently of the histological grade and size of the malignant tumor as well as patient TNM stage. According to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, low KLK4 mRNA expression predicts short-term relapse even among patients with well-differentiated tumors or those at an early TNM stage. Thus, KLK4 mRNA positivity could be regarded as a novel independent indicator of favorable prognosis for the disease-free survival of LSCC patients.
Renal function evaluated by measured GFR during follow‐up in pediatric liver transplant recipients

Abstract: Calcineurin inhibitors form the mainstay of immunosuppression in pediatric liver transplantation, but may cause significant nephrotoxicity. We evaluated renal function in liver transplant recipients treated with a tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressive regimen. GFR was measured using 99 mTc‐DTPA in patients pretransplant and annually thereafter. GFR calculated by Schwartz formula was compared with the measured values. Sixty patients who underwent 69 transplants were followed for at least one yr post‐transplant (median three yr). In children over two yr of age at transplant GFR fell significantly from pretransplant (140 mL/min/1.73 m2) to one yr post‐transplant (112 mL/min/1.73 m2) (p = 0.01) but thereafter there was no significant decline. In younger children the picture was confounded by maturation of renal function, but again there was no significant fall to five yr post‐transplant. Although 13 (22%) patients developed renal dysfunction post‐transplant, none required renal replacement therapy. cGFR correlated poorly with measured values (r = 0.21). Use of a tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressive regimen is associated with an initial decline in GFR, though this picture is confounded in younger children by normal maturation of renal function. There is no further significant fall in GFR in the medium‐term. The Schwartz formula is inaccurate in determining GFR in this patient group.
Pathway to health: cluster-randomized trial to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among smokers in public housing.

OBJECTIVES Examine the effectiveness of an intervention to increase fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption among smokers. DESIGN Cluster-randomized trial of 20 public housing developments; 10 randomly assigned to an FV intervention and 10 to a smoking cessation intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Usual (past 7 days) and past 30 days change in daily FV intake at 8 weeks and 6 months postbaseline. RESULTS Greater increases were seen in the FV group. At Week 8 and Month 6, the FV group had consumed 1.58 (p = .001) and 0.78 (p = .04), respectively, more daily FV servings in the past 7 days than the cessation group. At the same time points, the FV group had consumed 3.61 (p = .01) and 3.93 (p = .01), respectively, more FV servings in the past 30 days than the cessation group. Completing more motivational interviewing sessions (p = .02) and trying more recipes (p = .02) led to significantly greater increases at Month 6 among FV participants. CONCLUSIONS Motivational interviewing counseling and lifestyle modification through trying out healthy recipes may be effective in helping a high-risk population increase their FV intake.
Blood flow velocity in common carotid artery in humans during breath-holding and face immersion.

Blood flow velocity was measured in the common carotid artery of humans during breath-holding (BH) in the supine and upright positions, and during breath-hold face immersion (FIBH) in cold (20 degrees C) and warm (35 degrees C) water in the upright position with 90 degrees flexion of the upper body, to test the influences of the body position, facial immersion and temperature on changes in cerebral blood flow. Simultaneously, the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) under the same conditions, and the end-tidal PO2 and PCO2 (PETO2 and PETCO2) during supine BH, were also measured. Results showed that posture had no significant effect on the apneic HR. Bradycardia developed during cold FIBH, but not warm FIBH. The BP increased during BH in both positions, and during both cold and warm FIBH. The PETO2 decreased and the PETCO2 increased significantly at the end of BH. The blood velocity decreased transiently at the beginning of upright BH, but increased time-dependently during both supine and upright BH. Moreover, the velocity increased more during warm FIBH than during BH's, and even more during cold than warm FIBH. When bradycardia occurred during cold FIBH, the velocity integral per minute tended to decrease. These results suggest that the cerebral blood flow increases in these conditions of BH. This increase can be explained by the increase in PETCO2 and decrease in PETO2, possibly with a slight contribution from the increase in the BP. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Total Joint Arthroplasty in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients

Recent advances in the medical management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have led to improvement in their life expectancy. The growing numbers of HIV‐positive patients are now living long enough to develop end‐stage arthritis, as well as other long‐term musculoskeletal complications of HIV infection and treatment. This has resulted in an increased demand for total joint arthroplasty among these individuals. However, the safety and outcomes of such procedures are frequently questioned in published reports. Although increased complication rates have often been reported, most studies have reported on joint arthroplasties in HIV patients with hemophilia. The most widely reported complications in both HIV‐negative and positive hemophiliac patients are aseptic loosening and postoperative infection. A possible relationship between the rate of these complications and cluster of differentiation (CD4) lymphocyte count has also been proposed. In addition to hemophilia, other factors frequently comorbid with HIV infection, such as intravenous drug use, can further complicate the clinical outcomes of these individuals following total joint replacement procedures. Physicians treating HIV positive patients must remain aware of the risks and outcomes of total joint surgery in this group when counseling them on treatment options.
The impact of universal access to antiretroviral therapy on HIV stigma in Botswana.

OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the impact of treatment access on HIV stigma in Botswana 3 years after the introduction of a national program of universal access to antiretroviral therapy. METHODS We studied the prevalence and correlates of HIV stigma in a population-based study of 1268 adults in Botswana in 2004. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess correlates of stigmatizing attitudes and a new measure, anticipated HIV stigma. RESULTS Overall, 38% of participants had at least 1 stigmatizing attitude: 23% would not buy food from a shopkeeper with HIV; 5% would not care for a relative with HIV. Seventy percent reported at least 1 measure of anticipated stigma: 54% anticipated ostracism after testing positive for HIV, and 31% anticipated mistreatment at work. Perceived access to antiretroviral therapy was strongly and independently associated with decreased odds of holding stigmatizing attitudes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24, 0.74) and of anticipated stigma (AOR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that antiretroviral therapy access may be a factor in reducing HIV stigma. Nevertheless, the persistence of stigmatizing attitudes and significant anticipated stigma suggest that HIV stigma must be a target for ongoing intervention.
Performance evaluation of a sensorless adaptive optics multiphoton microscope

A wavefront sensorless adaptive optics technique was combined with a custom‐made multiphoton microscope to correct for specimen‐induced aberrations. A liquid‐crystal‐on‐silicon (LCoS) modulator was used to systematically generate Zernike modes during image recording. The performance of the instrument was evaluated in samples providing different nonlinear signals and the benefit of correcting higher order aberrations was always noticeable (in both contrast and resolution). The optimum aberration pattern was stable in time for the samples here involved. For a particular depth location within the sample, the wavefront to be precompensated was independent on the size of the imaged area (up to ∼360 × 360 μm2). The mode combination optimizing the recorded image depended on the Zernike correction control sequence; however, the final images hardly differed. At deeper locations, a noticeable dominance of spherical aberration was found. The influence of other aberration terms was also compared to the effect of the spherical aberration.