Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robot dance: a city-wise automatic control of Covid-19 mitigation levels

We develop an automatic control system to help to design efficient mitigation measures for the Covid-19 epidemic in cities. Taking into account parameters associated to the population of each city and the mobility among them, the optimal control framework suggests the level and duration of protective measures that must be implemented to ensure that the number of infected individuals is within a range that avoids the collapse of the health care system. Compared against other mitigation measures that are implemented simultaneously and in equal strength across cities our method has three major particularities when: Accounts for city commute and health infrastructure: It takes into account the daily commute among cities to estimate the dynamics of infected people while keeping the number of infected people within a desired level at each city avoiding the collapse of its health care system. City-specific control: It allows for orchestrating the control measures among cities so as to prevent all cities to face the same level control. The model tends to induce alternation between periods of stricter controls and periods of a more normal life in each city and among the cities. Flexible scenarios: It is flexible enough to allow for simulating the impact of particular actions. For example, one can simulate the how the control all cities change when the number of care beds increases in specific places. Therefore, our method creates an automatic dance adjusting mitigation levels within cities and alternating among cities as suggested in~cite{Pue2020}. This automatic dance may help the city economy and orchestration of resources. We provide case studies using the major cities of the state of Sao Paulo given by using estimates on the daily mobility among the cities their health care system capacity. We use official data in our case studies. However, sub-notification of infected people in Brazil is notoriously high. Hence the case study should not be considered as a real world policy suggestion. It high sub-notification is taken into account, the optimal control algorithm will suggest stricter mitigation measures, as also shown in the case studies. Surprisingly, the total duration of the protocol for the state is barely affected by the sub-notification, but the severity of such protocols is strengthened. This stresses a twofold implication, first, the protocol depends on high-quality data and, second, such optimal and orchestrated protocol is robust and can be adjusted to the demand.
A reconstruction of Middle Preclassic Maya subsistence economy at Cahal Pech, Belize

The recovery of animal and plant remains from the site of Cahal Pech provides data on early diet and subsistence practices in the Belize Valley region of the Maya lowlands. Analysis of the material remains suggests that the Middle Preclassic Maya were practising a mixed subsistence economy relying on agricultural foodstuffs, local terrestrial game species, freshwater fish and shellfish and marine reef fishes. Isotopic analysis of human bone is used to aid in the reconstruction of actual food consumption.
A 0.18μm CMOS single-photon sensor for coaxial laser rangefinders

This paper introduces a low-noise single-photon sensor in a 0. 18μm CMOS technology for scanning-based coaxial optical rangefinders. At the core of the sensor, macro pixels consisting of 10×10 single-photon detectors enable time-of-flight measurements by taking advantage of temporal and spatial correlations. Unlike conventional silicon photo-multipliers, or multi-pixel photon counters, our sensor features a pulse-shaping and summing stage that accurately resolves the number of quasi-simultaneous photon detections. Sensor characterization data are reported. When mounted on a practical rangefinder setup, the sensor enables distance measurements up to 50 meters with 1σ repeatability error lower than 26cm throughout the range, using 10 laser pulses.
Outbreak of tularaemia in Golcuk, Turkey in 2005: Report of 5 cases and an overview of the literature from Turkey

Tularaemia was diagnosed by TaqMan RT-PCR and microagglutination tests in 5 patients, all from a new settlement constructed after the earthquake of 1999. During the follow-up, 129 more cases were found in this settlement (data from the local Health Care Authority). In this study, clinical features of 5 cases are presented briefly, and the Turkish literature on past outbreaks of tularaemia is reviewed.
Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma.

Trichoderma spp. have served as models for asexual reproduction in filamentous fungi for over 50 years. Physical stimuli, such as light exposure and mechanical injury to the mycelium, trigger conidiation; however, conidiogenesis itself is a holistic response determined by the cell's metabolic state, as influenced by the environment and endogenous biological rhythms. Key environmental parameters are the carbon and nitrogen status and the C : N ratio, the ambient pH and the level of calcium ions. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of this fungus have revealed a conserved mechanism of environmental perception through the White Collar orthologues BLR-1 and BLR-2. Also implicated in the molecular regulation are the PacC pathways and the conidial regulator VELVET. Signal transduction cascades which link environmental signals to physiological outputs have also been revealed.
ESCRT or Endosomes? Tales of the separation of two daughter Cells

The final abscission event of cytokinesis is necessary for daughter cells to part ways from one another. Failure to properly divide has been indicated as a potential cancer initiating event due to an increase in cellular aneuploidy. However, the exact mechanisms of abscission have remained obscured by our inability to properly discern the spatiotemporal regulation of the various proteins and organelles required for cytokinesis. Three recent publications have taken slightly varied high resolution imaging approaches to visualize cytokinesis and abscission. As a result of this work, two differing, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, models have emerged. One model is ESCRT-centric and the other, recycling endosome-dependent, each describing the steps leading up to the final abscission event. Presently these models describe late cytokinesis events leading to abscission in greater detail than previously known.
Bacteria in the intestine , a helpful resident or an enemy from within ?

Corresponding author: Beth A. McCormick, Ph.D. Dept. of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Massachusetts General Hospital 114 16 th Street (114-3503) 15 Charlestown, MA 02129 U.S.A. Tel: 617-726-4168 Fax: 617-726-4172 Email: mccormic@helix.mgh. harvard.edu 20 AC CE PT ED Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. Infect. Immun. doi:10.1128/IAI.00187-08 IAI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 12 May 2008
Insights into the increased oxygen demand during chest physiotherapy.

OBJECTIVES To determine the mechanism responsible for the increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) during chest physical therapy. Specifically, to examine the hypothesis that muscular activity is the major contributor to the increase in oxygen demand. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. SETTING University hospital surgical intensive care unit. PATIENTS Phase one included 13 patients who were mechanically ventilated after coronary artery bypass surgery. Phase two involved seven mechanically ventilated patients who had undergone major vascular or abdominal surgery. INTERVENTIONS Phase one involved turning patients to the lateral decubitus position. During the second phase, patients were given midazolam (0.15 microg/kg) 2 mins before an initial chest physiotherapy session and midazolam plus vecuronium (0.7 mg/kg) before a subsequent session. Physiologic measurements were made during the resting periods before and following each session, as well as at the completion of the intervention. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Turning patients to the lateral position resulted in significant increases in oxygen uptake and CO2 elimination (VCO2). VO2 increased from 219 +/- 21 (SD) mL/min at rest to 324 +/- 58 mL/min (p <.05) with turning. These increases in oxygen demand were met by increases in both oxygen delivery (852 +/- 238 mL/min at rest to 1116 +/- 430 mL/min, p < .05) and extraction (0.27 +/- 0.7 at rest to 0.32 +/- 0.09, p < .05). There were associated increases in hemodynamic and respiratory variables including heart rate and systolic blood pressure. The administration of vecuronium completely suppressed the 50% increases in VO2 and VCO2 seen without the use of a muscle relaxant. The increases in systolic blood pressure were unaffected by vecuronium. The magnitude of the increase in PaCO2 (32 +/- 5 torr [4.3 +/- 0.7 kPa] at rest to 36 +/- 5 torr [4.8 +/- 0.7 kPa] during therapy, p < .05), was not accentuated by vecuronium (30 +/- 4 torr [4.0 +/- 0.5 kPa] to 35 +/- 6 torr [4.7 +/- 0.8 kPa], p < .05) despite a lack of any increase in minute ventilation or respiratory rate. This change was due to the parallel suppression of VCO2. CONCLUSIONS The increase in metabolic demand during chest physiotherapy is the result of increased muscular activity as evidenced by the suppression of VO2 following the administration of the muscle relaxant and the observation that turning a patient into the lateral decubitus position produces similar increases in VO2. The increases in blood pressure and cardiac output are due to another mechanism, most likely enhanced sympathetic output. The increase in physiologic activity produced by chest physiotherapy is thus secondary to both exercise-like and stress-like responses.
Athletic trainer perceptions of life-work balance and parenting concerns.

CONTEXT Life-work balance may be one reason for retention concerns among athletic trainers (ATs), yet evidence does not exist to support the supposition. OBJECTIVE To assess the perceptions of ATs regarding life-work balance, specifically on parenting issues. DESIGN Survey. SETTING Online survey at www.surveymonkey. com . PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A random sample of National Athletic Trainers' Association members (N = 9516) received the survey; 20.6% (n = 1962; male = 954, female = 816; age = 37 ± 10 years, experience = 13 ± 9 years) completed any portion of the survey. Most respondents worked in the college/university (34.5%, n = 657 of 1908) and secondary school settings (25.9%, n = 476 of 1908). A majority of participants (50.7%, n = 898 of 1770) were parents. INTERVENTION(S) We calculated frequencies and percentages and used Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests to identify the differences between sexes and among job settings on life-work balance measures among parents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The questionnaire included 8 life-work balance items, 7 parenting challenge items, and 3 nonparent items. RESULTS The results indicate that sex and setting significantly affected perceptions about parenting. Males articulated a stronger sense of difficulty in finding balance as a working parent (P < .001; 1.95 ± 1.98). Females felt more strongly than males that managing work and family was stressful (P = .04; 3.86 ± 1.13) and caused burnout (P = .004; 3.50 ± 1.24), and that their energy tended to fall short of their needs (P < .001; 3.74 ± 1.15). The decision not to have children was strongly affected by the work setting (P = .014; 3.37 ± 1.42). Both college/university (4.14 ± 0.85) and secondary school (4.03 ± 0.90) ATs would prefer to spend more time at home, as compared with ATs in other settings (P < .001). College/university ATs (P = .025; 3.17 ± 1.23) felt most strongly that their families were neglected because of work. In none of the settings did ATs feel that their employment settings were particularly tolerant of their parenting responsibilities (P = .027; 1.72 ± 1.97). CONCLUSIONS Male and female employees had similar perceptions of life-work balance, but occupational setting may affect these perceptions.
A search for lymphocyte-derived macrophages during xenogeneic graft-verus-host reactions induced by rat thoracic duct cells.

Lethally-irradiated mice were injected with rat thoracic duct lymphocytes and examined for the presence of macrophages of donor genotype as an indication of lymphocyte to macrophage transformation. Donor cell proliferation was identified by karyotypic analysis and by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique capable of detecting rat cells in a mouse host. Macrophages were characterized in the former procedure by association of Berlin blue particles with mitotic figures and in the latter by phagocytosis of fluorochrome-conjugated bacteria. In spite of reticuloendothelial stimulation provided by the xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction, no significant evidence was obtained for the presence of a functional macrophage of rat lymphocyte derivation using a variety of donor/recipient strain combinations and dosage parameters. In contrast, irradiated mice inoculated with rat bone marrow cells contained large numbers of donor-derived fixed and free macrophages.
Mixed Chinese herbs and Western medicine for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a mixed method review

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic affecting millions around the world. There is no existing pharmaceutical treatment that is known to be effective. Preliminary data shows that San Yao San Fang (SYSF) has clinical benefits in patients with COVID-19. The aim of this paper is to review existing data regarding the use of formulas within San Yao San Fang in the treatment of COVID-19 Search Strategy: We searched through 5 databases for studies on SYSF and patients with COVID-19 through April 2020. Eligibility Criteria: We included studies that included formulas within San Yao San Fang with or without Western interventions against Western interventions. Main results: We included 7 studies involving 532 patients. SYSF combined with Western interventions improved the recovery rate of symptoms such as fever (Risk Ratio (RR) 0.40 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.66, P < 0.01)), cough (RR 0.56 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.82, P < 0.01)) and fatigue (RR 0.61 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.78, P < 0.01)) and other symptoms such as headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, myalgia, dyspnoea and chest tightness (RR 0.63 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.83, P < 0.01)) as compared to the control group. SYSF combined with Western interventions reduced the duration of fever as compared to the control group. (Mean difference (MD) -1.18 (95% CI -1.45 to -0.91, P < 0.01)) In regards to adverse events, there is no statistical difference between the treatment group and the control group. (RR 1.62 (95% CI 0.83 to 3.17, P = 0.16)). SYSF combined with Western interventions did not show to significantly reduce duration of hospitalisation as compared to the control group. (MD -0.73 (95% CI -5.19 to 3.73, P = 0.75)) Conclusion: SYSF appears to be clinically effective and safe. Further research is required to ensure the efficacy of SYSF.
NADPH-OXIDASE DERIVED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN HUMAN NEUTROPHILS

Halla Bjornsdottir (Institutionen for medicin, avdelningen for reumatologi och inflammationsforskning); Daniel Granfeldt (Institutionen for medicin, avdelningen for reumatologi och inflammationsforskning); Amanda Welin (Institutionen for medicin, avdelningen for reumatologi och inflammationsforskning); Johan Bylund (Institutionen for medicin, avdelningen for reumatologi och inflammationsforskning); Anna Karlsson (Institutionen for medicin, avdelningen for reumatologi och inflammationsforskning)
Pneumatic Reduction of Pediatric Intussusception : Experience at Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Hospital for Children

Objective: To report our experience in the management of pediatric intussusception using Pneumatic reduction regarding the outcome, complications, success and failure rates. Method: A retrospective study was done at Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Hospital for Children in the period from September 2012 to December 2014, total number of cases were forty five, thirty two were males (71.1%) and thirteen were females (28.9%), male to female ratio was 2.5:1, The ages of patients ranged from two months to three years with a mean age of 9 months. Results: Pneumatic reduction under fluoroscopic guidance was done for forty five patients who presented with intussusception for the first time and for four recurrent intussusceptions that had occurred in four patients. In forty cases (88.9%) Pneumatic reduction was successful while unfortunately it failed in five cases (11.1%). No intestinal perforations occurred using this technique. Conclusion: Pneumatic reduction under fluoroscopic guidance is a safe, simple, cost effective technique with a high success rate; it is a quick procedure, easy to perform with a low radiation exposure.
XoxF Acts as the Predominant Methanol Dehydrogenase in the Type I Methanotroph Methylomicrobium buryatense

ABSTRACT Many methylotrophic taxa harbor two distinct methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) systems for oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde: the well-studied calcium-dependent MxaFI type and the more recently discovered lanthanide-containing XoxF type. MxaFI has traditionally been accepted as the major functional MDH in bacteria that contain both enzymes. However, in this study, we present evidence that, in a type I methanotroph, Methylomicrobium buryatense, XoxF is likely the primary functional MDH in the environment. The addition of lanthanides increases xoxF expression and greatly reduces mxa expression, even under conditions in which calcium concentrations are almost 100-fold higher than lanthanide concentrations. Mutations in genes encoding the MDH enzymes validate our finding that XoxF is the major functional MDH, as XoxF mutants grow more poorly than MxaFI mutants under unfavorable culturing conditions. In addition, mutant and transcriptional analyses demonstrate that the lanthanide-dependent MDH switch operating in methanotrophs is mediated in part by the orphan response regulator MxaB, whose gene transcription is itself lanthanide responsive. IMPORTANCE Aerobic methanotrophs, bacteria that oxidize methane for carbon and energy, require a methanol dehydrogenase enzyme to convert methanol into formaldehyde. The calcium-dependent enzyme MxaFI has been thought to primarily carry out methanol oxidation in methanotrophs. Recently, it was discovered that XoxF, a lanthanide-containing enzyme present in most methanotrophs, can also oxidize methanol. In a methanotroph with both MxaFI and XoxF, we demonstrate that lanthanides transcriptionally control genes encoding the two methanol dehydrogenases, in part by controlling expression of the response regulator MxaB. Lanthanides are abundant in the Earth's crust, and we demonstrate that micromolar amounts of lanthanides are sufficient to suppress MxaFI expression. Thus, we present evidence that XoxF acts as the predominant methanol dehydrogenase in a methanotroph.
Phenotypic Determination of Some Virulence Factors in Staphylococci Isolated From Faecal Samples of Children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

This study identified some virulence factors in staphylococci isolated from the faecal samples of children in Ile- Ife, Nigeria and also determined the relationships in the expressions of these virulent factors in the S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates. Production of coagulase, haemolysin, protease, β-lactamase and formation of capsule and biofilm as well as haemaglutination characteristics were investigated on 180 staphylococci isolates using standard methods. The results showed that expression of virulence factors varied in isolates. The rate of expression was higher in S. aureus than in CoNS although this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Strains of CoNS that expressed up to four virulence factors were isolated. Haemolysin was the virulence factor produced by most of the isolates while protease production was the least encountered. The results revealed that the staphylococci strains isolated from faecal samples of children expressed virulence factors and might have an important role in the pathogenesis of infections. It is also shown that those CoNS species isolated from the faecal samples of children could not be ignored or classified as mere contaminants.
EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON LATERAL VISUAL ATTENTION

Sleep loss temporarily impairs vigilance and sustained attention. Because these cognitive abilities are believed to be mediated predominantly by the right cerebral hemisphere, this article hypothesized that continuous sleep deprivation results in a greater frequency of inattention errors within the left versus right visual fields. Twenty-one participants were assessed several times each day during a 40-h period of sustained wakefulness and following a night of recovery sleep. At each assessment, participants engaged in a continuous serial addition task while simultaneously monitoring a 150° visual field for brief intermittent flashes of light. Overall, omission errors were most common in the leftmost peripheral field for all sessions, and did not show any evidence of a shift in laterality as a function of sleep deprivation. Relative to rested baseline and postrecovery conditions, sleep deprivation resulted in a global increase in omission errors across all visual locations and a general decline in serial addition performance. These findings argue against the hypothesis that sleep deprivation produces lateralized deficits in attention and suggest instead that deficits in visual attention produced by sleep deprivation are global and bilateral in nature.
Approach to Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Children

SCH is defined when serum TSH concentration is above the statistically upper limit of the reference range while serum free T4 (FT4) concentration is within its reference range (Biondi & Cooper, 2008; Surks et al., 2005). Other names for SCH include compensated, early, latent, mild, minimally symptomatic, preclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid hyperthyrotropinemia (Chu & Crapo, 2001). It suggests a compensated early state of primary thyroid failure wherby an increased level of TSH is required to maintain notmal levels of thyroid hormones. The reference TSH levels in a normal population aged 12 and older (excluding individuals with medications or diseases that might influence thyroid function) were assessed at 0.45 to 4.12 mIU/l (2.5th–97.5th percentile) (Hollowell et al., 2002). Although there were age, gender, and ethnic group differences, they were small and it was therefore not considered necessary to adjust the reference for these parameters. Additional studies assessing the normal TSH reference in children have shown broad differences between adult and children that were dependent on the patient’s age (Elmlinger et al., 2001; Hubner et al., 2002; Kapelari et al., 2008 ; Soldin et al., 2009; Strich et al., 2012; Zurakowski et al., 1999), indicating that the definition of SCH is age-dependent. A panel of experts divided patients with SCH into two groups: patients with mildly increased serum TSH levels (4.5–10 mIU/l) and patients with more severely increased serum TSH levels (>10 mIU/l) (Surks et al., 2004).
Development of Newborn and Infant Vaccines

Insights into immune ontogeny will inform translation of new vaccines that are safe and effective for newborns and infants. Vaccines for early-life immunization are a crucial biomedical intervention to reduce global morbidity and mortality, yet their developmental path has been largely ad hoc, empiric, and inconsistent. Immune responses of human newborns and infants are distinct and cannot be predicted from those of human adults or animal models. Therefore, understanding and modeling age-specific human immune responses will be vital to the rational design and development of safe and effective vaccines for newborns and infants.