Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What works for wellbeing? A systematic review of wellbeing outcomes for music and singing in adults

Aims: The role of arts and music in supporting subjective wellbeing (SWB) is increasingly recognised. Robust evidence is needed to support policy and practice. This article reports on the first of four reviews of Culture, Sport and Wellbeing (CSW) commissioned by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded What Works Centre for Wellbeing (https://whatworkswellbeing.org/). Objective: To identify SWB outcomes for music and singing in adults. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PsychInfo, Medline, ERIC, Arts and Humanities, Social Science and Science Citation Indexes, Scopus, PILOTS and CINAHL databases. From 5,397 records identified, 61 relevant records were assessed using GRADE and CERQual schema. Results: A wide range of wellbeing measures was used, with no consistency in how SWB was measured across the studies. A wide range of activities was reported, most commonly music listening and regular group singing. Music has been associated with reduced anxiety in young adults, enhanced mood and purpose in adults and mental wellbeing, quality of life, self-awareness and coping in people with diagnosed health conditions. Music and singing have been shown to be effective in enhancing morale and reducing risk of depression in older people. Few studies address SWB in people with dementia. While there are a few studies of music with marginalised communities, participants in community choirs tend to be female, white and relatively well educated. Research challenges include recruiting participants with baseline wellbeing scores that are low enough to record any significant or noteworthy change following a music or singing intervention. Conclusions: There is reliable evidence for positive effects of music and singing on wellbeing in adults. There remains a need for research with sub-groups who are at greater risk of lower levels of wellbeing, and on the processes by which wellbeing outcomes are, or are not, achieved.
A deep learning oriented method for automated 3D reconstruction of carotid arterial trees from MR imaging

The scope of this paper is to present a new carotid vessel segmentation algorithm implementing the U-net based convolutional neural network architecture. With carotid atherosclerosis being the major cause of stroke in Europe, new methods that can provide more accurate image segmentation of the carotid arterial tree and plaque tissue can help improve early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of carotid disease. Herein, we present a novel methodology combining the U-net model and morphological active contours in an iterative framework that accurately segments the carotid lumen and outer wall. The method automatically produces a 3D meshed model of the carotid bifurcation and smaller branches, using multispectral MR image series obtained from two clinical centres of the TAXINOMISIS study. As indicated by a validation study, the algorithm succeeds high accuracy (99.1% for lumen area and 92.6% for the perimeter) for lumen segmentation. The proposed algorithm will be used in the TAXINOMISIS study to obtain more accurate 3D vessel models for improved computational fluid dynamics simulations and the development of models of atherosclerotic plaque progression.
Min-rank of Embedded Index Coding Problems

For the problem of embedded index coding, a matrix representation, called a side-information matrix and a metric called min-rank are defined to characterize the length of an optimal embedded index code. An optimal embedded index code for a given embedded index coding problem is shown to be obtainable from the columns of its side information matrix. Further, for a class of embedded index coding problems, called one-sided neighboring side information problems, the min-rank is derived and a transmission scheme which has length equal to this min-rank is presented.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with concurrence of warm and cold red cell autoantibodies and a warm hemolysin

This report describes the laboratory findings and clinical course of a patient with thrombophlebitis, venous gangrene, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Three concomitant red cell autoantibody activities were detected: a low‐titer, high‐thermal‐amplitude, IgM anti‐I cold agglutinin; an IgG warm ‘incomplete’ panagglutinating autoantibody; and an IgM warm hemolysin.
Monetary Policy and Durable Goods

We analyze monetary policy in a New Keynesian model with durable and non-durable goods, each with a separate degree of price rigidity. Durability has profound implications for the business cycle properties of the model and its response to interest rate interventions. Since utility depends on the service flow from the stock of durables, the flow demand for new durables is inherently sensitive to temporary changes in the relevant real interest rate. For a sufficiently long-lived â€œidealâ€ durable, we obtain an intriguing variant of the well-known â€œdivine coincidence â€”in this case, the output gap depends only on inflation in the durable goods sector. We use numerical methods to verify the robustness of this analytical result for a broader class of model parameterizations. We then analyze the optimal Taylor rule for this economy. If the monetary authority places a high weight on stabilizing aggregate inflation then it is optimal to respond to sectoral inflation in direct proportion to the sectoral shares of economic activity. However, if the monetary authority wants to stabilize the aggregate output gap, it puts disproportionate weight on inflation in durable goods prices.
The impact of endometrial thickness and texture on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome.

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of endometrial thickness and texture on clinical pregnancy, implantation and miscarriage rates in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer cycles. STUDY DESIGN A total of 758 consecutive infertile women (n = 1,087 cycles) undergoing ICSI and embryo transfer (ET) because of severe male factor infertility were retrospectively enrolled in Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine. Three groups of patients undergoing ICSI were identified based on endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration: < 7 mm (group A: 26 patients, 42 cycles), 7-14 mm (group B: 663 patients, 956 cycles) and > 14 mm (group C: 69 patients, 89 cycles). RESULTS Although there was a trend of lower clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer in group A (35.0%) compared with group B (43.1%), it did not reach statistical significance; however, it was significantly higher in group C (59.1%), (p < 0.05). The respective figures for implantation rates were 37.6%, 10.4%, and 23.0% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Endometrial thickness < 7 mm on the day of hCG is associated with lower pregnancy rate when compared with 7-14 mm and > 14 mm; however, a clinical pregnancy rate of approximately 35% still warrants not abandoning fresh embryo transfer in such cases.
Single-barrier problem and Anderson localization in a one-dimensional interacting electron system.

Transport through a single barrier in a one-dimensional (1D) interacting electron system is studied theoretically. By using renormalization group and duality mapping, the phase diagram of the ground state is shown to be divided into four regions in terms of the zero-temperature limits of the charge and spin conductances. The conductances are calculated perturbatively for both limits of weak and strong potential. The results are applied to clarify the crossover and scaling of the Anderson localization in a 1D system with dilute impurities. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the resistivity of the system can change significantly around a characteristic temperature corresponding to discretization energy.
Evolution and Consequences of Endothermy in Fishes

Regional endothermy, the conservation of metabolic heat by vascular countercurrent heat exchangers to elevate the temperature of the slow‐twitch locomotor muscle, eyes and brain, or viscera, has evolved independently among several fish lineages, including lamnid sharks, billfishes, and tunas. All are large, active, pelagic species with high energy demands that undertake long‐distance migrations and move vertically within the water column, thereby encountering a range of water temperatures. After summarizing the occurrence of endothermy among fishes, the evidence for two hypothesized advantages of endothermy in fishes, thermal niche expansion and enhancement of aerobic swimming performance, is analyzed using phylogenetic comparisons between endothermic fishes and their ectothermic relatives. Thermal niche expansion is supported by mapping endothermic characters onto phylogenies and by combining information about the thermal niche of extant species, the fossil record, and paleoceanographic conditions during the time that endothermic fishes radiated. However, it is difficult to show that endothermy was required for niche expansion, and adaptations other than endothermy are necessary for repeated diving below the thermocline. Although the convergent evolution of the ability to elevate slow‐twitch, oxidative locomotor muscle temperatures suggests a selective advantage for that trait, comparisons of tunas and their ectothermic sister species (mackerels and bonitos) provide no direct support of the hypothesis that endothermy results in increased aerobic swimming speeds, slow‐oxidative muscle power, or energetic efficiency. Endothermy is associated with higher standard metabolic rates, which may result from high aerobic capacities required by these high‐performance fishes to conduct many aerobic activities simultaneously. A high standard metabolic rate indicates that the benefits of endothermy may be offset by significant energetic costs.
Instructive cross‐talk between neural progenitor cells and gliomas

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and offer a poor prognosis in patients because of their infiltrative and treatment‐resistant nature. The median survival time after diagnosis is approximately 11–12 months. There is a strong need for novel treatment modalities in targeting gliomas, and recent advances use neural progenitor cells as delivery systems for different therapeutic strategies. In this study, we show that rat embryonic neural progenitor cell (NPC) lines, transplanted at a distant site from a 3‐day‐preestablished glioma in the striatum, were able to migrate toward and colocalize with tumor isles without general spread into the brain parenchyma. Upon encounter with tumor, neural progenitor cells changed phenotype and became vimentin positive. These results demonstrate that transplanted neural progenitor cells respond to queues from a tumor and home to and exert an antitumor effect on the preestablished glioma, significantly decreasing the tumor volume with approximately 67% compared with control tumors after 1–2 weeks. Moreover, these early effects could be translated into increased survival times of animals treated with neural progenitor cell grafts 3 days after intrastriatal tumor inoculation. In contrast, there was no activation or migration of endogenous subventricular zone (SVZ) neuroblasts in response to an intrastriatal syngeneic tumor. In conclusion, NPC possess the ability to influence tumor growth as well as respond to queues from the tumor or tumor microenvironment, demonstrating a cross‐talk between the cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of Organ Allograft Tolerance Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Using the miniature swine large animal model we have attempted to determine the relationship between tolerance and the presence of donor cells in the bone marrow, thymus and lineages of peripheral blood in a series of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients receiving delayed donor allografts without immunosuppression. Twenty‐two animals receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation and a delayed organ allograft were analyzed. Assays for presence of donor CFUs in bone marrow (by PCR), thymic chimerism (by FACS and PCR/Southern Blot), peripheral blood chimerism (by FACS), and in vitro responsiveness to donor MHC were performed. Presence of donor BM CFUs, thymic chimerism and multilineage peripheral blood chimerism at the time of organ transplantation all correlated precisely with subsequent allograft tolerance (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.005 respectively). These parameters were therefore accurate predictors (Positive Predictive Value (PPV) = 100% in all) of tolerance. In vitro assays of responsiveness were also highly associated (p < 0.002, p < 0.002 respectively), but were not as accurate predictors of subsequent organ tolerance (CML PPV = 80%). Engraftment, as indicated by the presence of donor derived CFU in the bone marrow, detectable thymic chimerism and multilineage peripheral blood chimerism are reliable predictors of subsequent donor allograft acceptance in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
The Impact of Wal-Mart on Income and Unemployment Differentials in Alabama

Using Alabama county data from 1980 and 1990 censuses and store opening dates, this paper presents an econometric study of the impact of the presence of Wal-Mart on black-white income and unemployment differentials. It is posited that Wal-Mart changes the competitive nature of the labor market in a way that is beneficial to blacks. After establishing a list of demographic and economic variables that affect unemployment and income, the impact of a Wal-Mart is tested by using a dummy variable and a cumulative-years variable. Wal-Mart is found to have substantially lowered the relative unemployment rates of blacks in those counties where it is present, but to have had only a limited impact on relative incomes after the influences of other social-economic variables are taken into account.
Determining the Causes of the Rising South African Unemployment Rate: An Age, Period and Generational Analysis

This paper takes advantage of the wealth of cross-sectional household surveys conducted after South Africa’s political transition, in order to gain insights into the causes of the acceleration in the already high unemployment rate. A synthetic panel dataset is constructed to decompose unemployment and other labour market outcomes into cyclical, generational and life-cycle effects. This dynamic view isolates which groups are at risk across the period and allows a more nuanced understanding of the long-run and short-run impacts. Our results indicate that the higher unemployment rates faced by the young are predominantly due to the disadvantage of entering the labour market more recently, rather than being attributable to their age. We furthermore isolate what has driven this long-run increase in labour market participation. In particular, higher educational attainment and household formation decisions across generations fuel labour supply among the more recent entrants. We find some correspondence between the cyclical variation in unemployment and the business cycle. This suggests that jobless growth is not a relevant feature of the South African labour market. This paper confirms many of the causes of unemployment that are postulated in the literature. The dynamic nature of this study has furthermore allowed the separation of short-run and long-run aspects of unemployment. The decomposition approach adopted here has uncovered the linkages between the schooling system and the labour market across all generations, but, in particular, has isolated why the youngest generations have exhibited such distinct risks. The surge in labour supply amongst most recent generations (those aged 20 in 1995) can be explained by rapid exit rates from the education system resulting from over-age enrolment policies enacted in the post-apartheid period. This has pushed individuals into the labour market prematurely and without the adequate skills to be absorbed into the workplace. The importance of the generational aspects of unemployment relative to life cycle and business cycle impacts suggests that policies should address the structural issues affecting each of these birth cohorts, rather than focussing on age groups per se.
Preclinical Activity of MM-398 , Nanoliposomal Irinotecan ( nal-IRI ) , in Ewing ' s Family Tumor Xenografts Is Associated with High Exposure of Tumor to Drug and High SLFN 11 Expression

Purpose: To determine the pharmacokinetics and the antitumor activity in pediatric cancer models of MM-398, a nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI). Experimental Design: Mouse plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of nal-IRI and the current clinical formulation of irinotecan were characterized. In vivo activity of irinotecan and nal-IRI was compared in xenograft models (3 each in nu/nu mice) of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (EFT), neuroblastoma (NB), and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). SLFN11 expression was assessed by Affymetrix HuEx arrays, Taqman RT-PCR, and immunoblotting. Results: Plasma and tumor concentrations of irinotecan and SN-38 (active metabolite) were approximately 10-fold higher for nal-IRI than for irinotecan. Two doses of NAL-IRI (10 mg/kg/ dose) achieved complete responses maintained for >100 days in 24 of 27 EFT-xenografted mice. Event-free survival for mice with RMS and NB was significantly shorter than for EFT. High SLFN11 expression has been reported to correlate with sensitivity to DNA damaging agents; median SLFN11 mRNA expression was >100fold greater in both EFT cell lines and primary tumors compared with NB or RMS cell lines or primary tumors. Cytotoxicity of SN38 inversely correlated with SLFN11mRNA expression in 20 EFT cell lines. Conclusions: In pediatric solid tumor xenografts, nal-IRI demonstrated higher systemic and tumor exposures to SN-38 and improved antitumor activity compared with the current clinical formulation of irinotecan. Clinical studies of nal-IRI in pediatric solid tumors (especially EFT) and correlative studies to determine if SLFN11 expression can serve as a biomarker to predict nal-IRI clinical activity are warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 1139–50. 2015 AACR.
Jagged 1 Heterozygosity in Mice Results in a Congenital Cholangiopathy Which Is Reversed by Concomitant Deletion of One Copy of Poglut 1 ( Rumi )

Haploinsufficiency for the Notch ligand JAG1 in humans results in an autosomaldominant, multisystem disorder known as Alagille syndrome, which is characterized by a congenital cholangiopathy of variable severity. Here, we show that on a C57BL/6 background, jagged1 heterozygous mice (Jag1) exhibit impaired intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) development, decreased SOX9 expression, and thinning of the periportal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) layer, which are apparent at embryonic day 18 and the first postnatal week. In contrast, mice double heterozygous for Jag1 and the glycosyltransferase, Poglut1 (Rumi), start showing a significant improvement in IHBD development and VSMC differentiation during the first week. At P30, Jag1 mice show widespread ductular reactions and ductopenia in liver and a mild, but statistically, significant bilirubinemia. In contrast, P30 Jag1/Rumi double-heterozygous mice show well-developed portal triads around most portal veins, with no elevation of serum bilirubin. Conditional deletion of Rumi in VSMCs results in progressive arborization of the IHBD tree, whereas deletion of Rumi in hepatoblasts frequently results in an increase in the number of hepatic arteries without affecting bile duct formation. Nevertheless, removing one copy of Rumi from either VSMCs or hepatoblasts is sufficient to partially suppress the Jag1 bile duct defects. Finally, all Rumi target sites of the human JAG1 are efficiently glucosylated, and loss of Rumi in VSMCs results in increased levels of full-length JAG1 and a shorter fragment of JAG1 without affecting Jag1 messenger RNA levels. Conclusions: On a C57BL/6 background, Jag1 haploinsufficiency results in bile duct paucity in mice. Removing one copy of Rumi suppresses the Jag1 bile duct phenotype, indicating that Rumi opposes JAG1 function in the liver. (HEPATOLOGY 2015; 00:000–000)
BI-RADS descriptors for mammographically detected microcalcifications verified by histopathology after needle-localized open breast biopsy.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to retrospectively determine the positive predictive value of each descriptor and of combined descriptors for microcalcifications to predict the risk of malignancy as well as the appropriate final assessment category. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 308 needle-localized open breast biopsies for mammographically detected microcalcifications were performed in 295 women (age range, 33-71 years; mean age, 52 years) during 7 years. Thirteen patients had bilateral microcalcifications that were studied separately. Two breast radiologists retrospectively reviewed the microcalcifications with regard to their morphology, distribution, and extent and to associated findings and final assessment category, after which they categorized them into nine combined descriptors. Surgical pathology served as the reference standard for malignant lesions and follow-up of at least 12 months served as the reference for benign lesions. The Fisher's exact test, including odds ratios, was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the 308 needle-localized open breast biopsies, 144 (47%) were malignant and 164 (53%) were benign. For combined descriptors of morphology and distribution, the odds ratios of malignancy regarding the higher probability of malignancy and ductal distribution were as follows: 0 for typically benign morphology or scattered distribution, 93.00 for intermediate concern and regional, 33.53 for intermediate concern and clustered, 5.00 for intermediate concern and ductal, 24.00 for higher probability of malignancy and regional, and 1.13 for higher probability of malignancy and clustered. CONCLUSION Each descriptor and combined descriptors for microcalcifications and the final assessment category could help to predict the risk of malignancy.
Hearts or minds? Identifying persuasive messages on climate change

This article sheds light on what kinds of appeals persuade the US public on climate change. Using an experimental design, we assign a diverse sample of 330 participants to one of four conditions: an economic self-interest appeal, a moral appeal, a mixed appeal combining self-interest and morality and a control condition with no persuasive appeal.1 Participants were then asked a series of questions about their willingness to support advocacy efforts, including such actions as writing a letter to Congress, signing a petition and joining an organization. We hypothesized that for issues like climate change where it is expensive to address the problem, arguments based on self-interest are more likely to be persuasive than moral appeals. Our experiment yielded some surprising results. Knowledge was an important moderator of people’s attitudes on climate change in response to the persuasive messages. We found that among respondents who were more knowledgeable about climate change that the economic frame was most the persuasive in terms of a subject’s willingness to take actions to support the cause. However, among low knowledge respondents, the control condition without messaging yielded the most concern.
Cognitive Impairment in New Cases of Epilepsy Randomly Assigned to Carbamazepine, Phenytoin and Sodium Valproate

Sixty‐four new cases of childhood epilepsy were randomly assigned to either carbamazepine, phenytoin or sodium valproate, and were assessed with cognitive tests before medication and three subsequent times over a year. Carbamazepine in moderate dosage adversely affected memory, but sodium valproate and phenytoin did not.