Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMMISSIONING OF A 20 K HELIUM REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR NASA-JSC CHAMBER-A

A new 20 K helium refrigerator installed at NASA Johnson Space Center’s Space Environment Simulation Laboratory (SESL) was successfully commissioned and tested in 2012. The refrigerator is used to create a deep space environment within SESL’s Chamber A to perform ground testing of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The chamber previously and currently still has helium cryo-pumping panels (CPP) and liquid nitrogen shrouds used to create low earth orbit environments. Now with the new refrigerator and new helium shrouds the chamber can create a deep space environment. The process design, system analysis, specification development, and commissioning oversight were performed by the cryogenics department at Jefferson Lab, while the contracts and system installation was performed by the ESC group at JSC. Commissioning data indicate an inverse coefficient of performance better than 70 W/W for a 18 kW load at 20 K (accounting for liquid nitrogen pre-cooling power) that remains essentially constant down to one third of this load. Even at 10 percent of the maximum capacity, the performance is better than 150 W/W at 20 K. The refrigerator exceeded all design goals and demonstrated the ability to support a wide load range from 10 kW at 15 K to 100 kW at 100 K. The refrigerator is capable of operating at any load temperature from 15 K to ambient with tight temperature stability. The new shroud (36 tons of aluminum) can be cooled from room temperature to 20 K in 24 hours. This paper will outline the process design and commissioning results.
The yield and composition of milk from Merino sheep.

The milk production of a flock of 27 Merino ewes of two different genotypes and four different age groups was measured for 13 weeks after lambing. Seventeen of the sheep received 1 kg lupin/head/day in the last week of pregnancy. Samples of the milk were collected and analysed for fat, protein, lactose and total solids. At the fifth week of lactation a measure of the udder volume was taken. The ewes produced a raw mean of 1.23~0.04 l/day of milk during th 13 weeks of lactation, with a peak of 1.75 2 0.1 l/day in the third week. The two genotypes did not differ in either milk quantity or composition. Ewes fed lupins produced significantly more milk than the controls (1.50+0.07 l/day and 1.25+0.06 l/day respectively; least squares mean). The analysis of the milk was as follows: fat: 8.48+0.23%; proteins: 4.85+0.07%; lactose: 5.46+0.03%; total solids: 19.70+0.30%. There was a positive correlation between fat and total solids (r=0.89). Protein content was positively related with fat and total solids (r=0.26; r=0.45). The protein content of the milk was affected by ewe live weight (P~0.01) and lamb birth weight (P<O.OS). Milk production was negatively related with protein and total solids contents (r=-0.27; r=-O-15), but unrelated to fat percentage (r=-0.09). Udder volume and total milk produced were positively correlated (r=0.71).
Effect of palm bunch ash treatment on remediation and growth performance of Zea mays in crude oil polluted soil

The effect of polluted hydrocarbon (PHC) soil altering the fertility of the soil for effective plant growth yield is a major concern. This study examines the use of oil palm bunch ash as biostimulation technique for bioremediation of PHC soils. Under strict compliance of oil treatment of 10g, 20g, 30g, 40g, 50g, and 60g with oil palm bunch ash on soil samples of 2kg weighed surface soil of 0-20cm polluted and non-polluted sites were collected randomly into perforated planting bags. Various results of residual and cumulative effect on treated soil of oil palm bunch ash enhances the improvement of Zea mays growth performance at 7WAP (7 weeks after planting) after eight months post-treated soils. The residual result shows that optimum treatment favoured 40g/2kg soil with plant emergence ( 41.67% ), plant height ( 22.77cm) and dry matter ( 0.7235g ), while cumulative treatment revealed 30g/2kg treatment as optimum with plant emergence ( 91.67% ), plant height ( 24.40 cm) and dry matter ( 0.8202g ). No doubt, this study of treating PHC soil with oil palm bunch ash at the above mentioned treatment levels improved soil performance for plant growth by reducing the hydrophobic nature of soils which resulted to improvement in the availability of water, oxygen and mineralization of soils. Key words: Biostimulation, Bioremediation, Residual, Cumulative, Plant Performance.
Assessment of atmospheric processes driving ozone variations in the subtropical North Atlantic free troposphere

Abstract. An analysis of the 22-yr ozone (O 3 ) series (1988–2009) at the subtropical high mountain Izana~station (IZO; 2373 m a.s.l.), representative of free troposphere (FT) conditions, is presented. Diurnal and seasonal O 3 variations as well as the O 3 trend (0.19 ± 0.05 % yr −1 or 0.09 ppbv yr −1 ), are assessed. A climatology of O 3 transport pathways using backward trajectories shows that higher O 3 values are associated with air masses travelling above 4 km altitude from North America and North Atlantic Ocean, while low O 3 is transported from the Saharan continental boundary layer (CBL). O 3 data have been compared with PM 10 , 210 Pb, 7 Be, potential vorticity (PV) and carbon monoxide (CO). A clear negative logarithmic relationship was observed between PM 10 and surface O 3 for all seasons. A similar relationship was found between O 3 and 210 Pb. The highest daily O 3 values (90th percentile) are observed in spring and in the first half of summer time. A positive correlation between O 3 and PV, and between O 3 and 7 Be is found throughout the year, indicating that relatively high surface O 3 values at IZO originate from the middle and upper troposphere. We find a good correlation between O 3 and CO in winter, supporting the hypothesis of long-range transport of photochemically generated O 3 from North America. Aged air masses, in combination with sporadic inputs from the upper troposphere, are observed in spring, summer and autumn. In summer time high O 3 values seem to be the result of stratosphere-to-troposphere (STT) exchange processes in regions neighbouring the Canary Islands. Since 1995–1996, the North Atlantic Oscillation has changed from a predominantly high positive phase to alternating between negative, neutral or positive phases. This change results in an increased flow of the westerlies in the mid-latitude and subtropical North Atlantic, thus favouring the transport of O 3 and its precursors from North America, and a higher frequency of storms over North Atlantic, with a likely higher incidence of STT processes in mid-latitudes. These processes lead to an increase of tropospheric O 3 in the subtropical North Atlantic region after 1996 that has been reflected in surface O 3 records at IZO.
Structural Estimation of Search Models with Equilibrium Wage-Tenure Contracts ¤

This paper studies the empirical implications of an equilibrium search model in whichrms o®er optimal wage-tenure contracts and workers are allowed to change their job for a more protable career prole. We provide numerical simulations and structural estimation of the Bur- dett and Coles (2003) equilibrium model. Using numerical simulations and reasonable parameter values, we show the concave shape of the baseline salary scale. Moreover, the funcitional form of the wage o®er and earnings distriburion functions and densities are established. We also propose an estimation method in two steps. Our non-parametric estimate of transition parameters are equal to 0.08 and 0.02 for tran- sitions to employment and to non-employment respectively.
TOMATO PROCESSING FIRMS' MANAGEMENT: A COMPARATIVE APPLICATION OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSES

In Italy, the territory that includes the Emilia-Ro magna region, the southern areas of Lombardia and some of Piemonte’s territory is a center of nationa l importance for tomato production and transformation. The processing firms operating in t his area are characterized by significant investmen ts in fixed assets and working capital. The article an alyzes the annual account data of a sample of firms , showing that economic margins traditionally applied to assess the sustainability of the business cycle differ significantly from financial margins; also, the Interest Coverage Ratios (ICRs) differ if calculated by applying an economic or a financial a pproach. Moreover, the annual account data highlight difficult credit access, expressed by app lying a multiple regression model to analyze Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) generation. The article suggests a useful metric to measure more correctly the sustainability of a firm’s management that coul d be applied to others in the agri-food sector, particularly if characterized by a capital-intensiv e processing cycle.
Influence of Acrylic Adhesive Viscosity and Surface Roughness on the Properties of Adhesive Joint

In adhesion, the wetting process depends on three fundamental factors: the surface topography of the adherend, the viscosity of the adhesive, and the surface energy of both. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of viscosity and surface roughness on the wetting and their effect on the bond strength. For this purpose, an acrylic adhesive with different viscosities was synthesized and some properties, such as viscosity and surface tension, were studied before adhesive curing took place. Furthermore, the contact angle and the lap-shear strength were analyzed using aluminum adherends with two different roughnesses. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the effect of the viscosity and the roughness on the joint interface. The results showed that the adhesive exhibits an optimal value of viscosity. Below this value, at low viscosities, the low neoprene content produces poor bond strength due to the reduced toughness of the adhesive. Additionally, it also produces a high shrinkage during curing, which leads to the apparition of residual stresses that weakens the interfacial strength. However, once the optimum value, an increase in the viscosity produces a negative effect on the joint strength as a result of an important decrease in the wettability.
Retention of nutrients, suspended particulate matter and phytoplankton in a pondage associated with a run‐of‐the‐river type hydroelectric power plant

Reservoirs associated with run‐of‐the‐river type hydroelectrical power plants (i.e. pondages) have short water residence times. For this reason, pondages are thought to have a limited impact on the fluxes of particles and solutes transported by rivers. The Malause reservoir (South West France) is such a pondage. Fed by both the Garonne and Tarn rivers, it has a water residence time of only a few days. Incoming and outgoing fluxes of nutrients, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and phytoplankton were measured weekly over the course of 1 year. Mass balance calculations showed that Malause pondage retained 24% of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) supplied by both rivers on an annual basis. SRP retention occurred mostly in spring–summer, pointing to biological uptake. In addition, the pondage was a sink for SPM and phytoplankton, retaining 39% of SPM and 14% of chlorophyll a supplied by both rivers on an annual basis. The retention efficiency appeared to be constrained by water temperature and residence time. The pondage was a source of phytoplankton during summer, when temperature and water residence time was high. The pondage was a sink for SPM when water residence time was low (<1 day). Our observations highlight the need to reconsider the impact of minor hydrological discontinuities on the functioning of the river continuum. The shallow depth of the pondage and the presence of dense stands of submerged macrophytes have probably favoured the retention of nutrients and the sedimentation of particles within the pondage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal variation in the size-dependent respiration of mangroves Kandelia obovata.

Despite the potential importance of mangrove forests in carbon cycling and coastal ecology, information on mangrove respiration is scanty. Aboveground nighttime respiration of mangrove Kandelia obovata trees at the northernmost limit of their distribution was measured monthly throughout a year to investigate size-dependence and seasonal variation in respiration. Six sample trees of different sizes were selected from a completely closed canopy stand. Respiration rate (r) of K. obovata trees at a monthly mean temperature increased with increasing mass (m). This tendency was described by means of the power function r = fmh, where f is the multiplying coefficient and h is the scaling exponent. The exponent values ranged from 0.723 to 1.085. In the cool winter (dormant season), the exponent h was close to 1.0, while in the warm summer (growing season) the exponent was closer to 3/4. Respiration varies more between seasons in small-sized trees than in large-sized trees. The relative increase in respiration from the winter dormant season to the summer growing season was large in the small-sized trees compared with that in the large-sized trees. The variation in respiration between the 2 seasons is explained on the basis of theories about resource harvesting and transport. Separation of summer respiration into growth and maintenance components is suggested to better understand the dependence of respiration on size and temperature.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL BILANGAN BERPANGKAT PADA SISWA KELAS X SMK SWASTA DI KOTA CIMAHI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa serta menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal bilangan berpangkat. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMK Swasta di kota cimahi yang telah mempelajari materi bilangan berpangkat. Sampel dari penelitian adalah siswa SMK kelas X akuntansi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode tes tertulis dan wawancara (dipilih berdasarkan jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan pada tes tertulis). Langkah-langkah analisis meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam menyelesaikan soal bilangan berpangkat melakukan kesalahan; (1) kesalahan konsep, (2) kesalahan memahami soal, (3) kesalahan hitung. Faktor penyebabnya adalah kemampuan pemahaman siswa yang rendah dalam menguasai konsep, kurangnya latihan menyelesaikan soal-soal yang bervariasi, tergesa-gesa dan kurang teliti dalam menyelesaikan soal.
Determinants of capital structure for A-REITs

Using panel data methodology, the determinants of capital structure in 34 Australia listed property trusts (A-REITs) are investigated for the period 2003-2008. Empirical results reveal that profitability, growth opportunity, and operational risk are negatively related to leverage while size is positively related. Tangibility is found to be insignificant and property sector effects are inconsistent in various models. Furthermore, industry specific factors of stapled management structure and international operations have significant negative signs, showing that A-REITs with these features should have lower gearing levels. The signs of the determinants show that both pecking order theory and the trade-off theory are at work in explaining the capital structure of A-REITs, although more evidence exists to validate the latter theory. The study also shows that A-REITs issued more public debt than seasoned equity issues at a ratio of 1:1.2 from 2000-2008.
A cross-national study on the relations among prosocial moral reasoning, gender role orientations, and prosocial behaviors

This research examined the correlates of prosocial moral reasoning (PMR) in 2 studies. Study I investigated age, gender, and culture group differences in PMR in Brazilian children and adolescents (n = 265) and U.S. adolescents (n = 67). Relations between PMR and both prosocial behaviors and gender role orientations in Brazilian adolescents (n = 136) were explored in Study 2. Self-reflective, internalized reasoning was positively related, and hedonistic reasoning was negatively related, to peer ratings of prosocial behaviors. Femininity was associated with more self-reflective, internalized concerns and with less concerns regarding gaining others' approval. In general, age and gender differences in PMR were similar for both Brazilian and U.S. adolescents. However, U.S. adolescents scored higher on internalized moral reasoning than Brazilian adolescents. Discussion focused on the correlates of PMR in Brazilian and U.S. children.
Growth in Nigeriaâ€™s Non-Oil Export Finance and Non-Oil Export Performance: A Correlational Analysis

The growth in non-oil merchandise the world over is stimulated by individual governmentsâ€™ monetary and fiscal policies. Finances are provided export-producing firms to improve and modernize capacity to make Nigeriaâ€™s non-oil export commodities competitive in the export market. Data obtained on Nigeriaâ€™s export finances provided non-oil export commodity producers and their export volumes were analysed to determine the growth in those variables on consecutive yearâ€™s basis. Resultant values were further analysed using the kendallâ€™s tau-b correlation coefficient to determine if changes in non-oil export financing affect changes in non-oil export volume commensurately. Correlation value of 0.025 show positive insignificant relationship between changes in both variables necessitating an inquiry into non-oil export financings by the monetary authorities to ensure that purported non-oil financings are actually provided for this purpose with an inquiry into the operations of the receiving non-oil export producing firms; and the reappraisal of the operational, fiscal and operational government policies inhibiting production for export.
Human errors identification in operation of meat grinder using TAFEI technique

Received: May 2013, Accepted: December 2013 Background: Human error is the most important cause of occupational and non-occupational accidents. Because, it seems necessary to identify, predict and analyze human errors, and also offer appropriate control strategies to reduce errors which cause adverse consequences, the present study was carried out with the aim of identifying human errors while operating meat grinder and offer suggestions in order to reduce human errors in this human-machine system. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. In this ergonomic study the “Task Analysis for Error Identification (TAFEI)” technique was used in order to identify human errors while operating a meat grinder machine. According to this technique, firstly, tasks of human side of the interaction were described by Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and then the State-Space Diagrams (SSDs) were drawn. Finally, after forming the TAFEI diagrams, the transition matrix table was prepared in order to identify human errors. Results: After completing all the steps of TAFEI technique, the transition matrix table was formed. Results showed 49 illegal transition states; therefore, 49 human errors were identified and described while operating the meat grinder machine. Conclusion: The results of this study showed how and under which conditions may meat grinder users do error in the human-machine interaction. In this regard, possible human errors resulting from non-ergonomic design of Iranian meat grinder machine were identified.
Spatial equity and cultural participation: how access influences attendance at museums and galleries in London

ABSTRACT This paper addresses how neighbourhoods operate as opportunity structures for cultural participation, and therefore how unequal access to cultural facilities might influence levels of participation and profiles of participants. The neighbourhood effects literature identifies how where people live shapes their lives, including their participation in various activities, but this has not been applied to cultural participation. Sociological theory explores the importance of social stratification of cultural consumption, but has largely ignored the role of place. In this paper sociological explanations of cultural participation are extended to incorporate the influence of access to cultural infrastructure. An innovative accessibility index for museums and galleries in London, using online searches to weight their attraction, is linked to the Taking Part Survey, and used to predict attendance. Alongside social stratification, significant neighbourhood characteristics are identified, including, importantly, access to museums and galleries. Improved access has a strong positive relationship with attendance, which varies according to qualifications and ethnic group: those with degrees are most likely to attend, but the relationship with access also operates for those with fewer qualifications, who according to traditional explanations have little disposition to attend. The implications of the substantial spatial inequity in investment in museums and galleries are discussed.
Experiential learning theory (ELT)-based classical guidance model to improve responsible character

This research aims to: (1) determine the improvement of responsible character of students before and after experiencing character education based on classical guidance service using Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) approach; (2) determine the effectiveness of character education based on classical guidance service ELT approach. This is a quantitative study using pre-experimental One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The data collection used Responsible Character Questionnaire with reliability 0.788 in Alpha Cronbach. Subjects in this study were 30 students of class VII A batch 2014-2015 in Kanisius Junior High Schools, Yogyakarta. The results of the study show that: (1) there is an improvement in responsible character of students before and after experiencing seen from the score distribution in each category and from the average score; (2) based on the t-test, there is a significant improvement in the students' responsible character in the Sig. value of (2-tailed) (0.001)<(0.05). Therefore, the implementation of classical guidance service using ELT approach is effective in improving the students' responsible character.
TAX SMOOTHING: TESTS ON INDONESIAN DATA

This paper contributes to the literature of public debt management by testing for tax smoothing behaviour in Indonesia. Tax smoothing means that the government smooths the tax rate across all future time periods to minimize the distortionary costs of taxation over time for a given path of government spending. In a stochastic economy with an incomplete bond market, tax smoothing implies that the tax rate approximates a random walk and changes in the tax rate are nearly unpredictable. For that purpose, two tests were performed. First, random walk behaviour of the tax rate was examined by undertaking unit root tests. The null hypothesis of unit root cannot be rejected, indicating that the tax rate is nonstationary and, hence, it follows a random walk. Second, the predictability of the tax rate was examined by regressing changes in the tax rate on its own lagged values and also on lagged values of changes in the goverment expenditure ratio, and growth of real output. They are found to be not significant in predicting changes in the tax rate. Taken together, the present evidence seems to be consistent with the tax smoothing, therefore provides support to this theory.