Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors which influence attendance at a rural Australian cardiac rehabilitation program

Abstract This study investigated factors that are associated with and predict attendance of patients following acute myocardial infarction, at the cardiac rehabilitation program of Wimmera Health Care Group, Horsham, Australia. Previous research suggested age, gender, distance from cardiac rehabilitation and lack of social support were associated with non-attendance at a cardiac rehabilitation program. A survey form was compiled to collect demographic data, cardiac risk factor information and cardiac rehabilitation referral and attendance details. Seventy-nine of 115 patients discharged alive with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction completed and returned the survey form. The results indicated that being older, living further away, living alone and not having access to private transport were significantly associated with cardiac rehabilitation non-attendance. The factors that predicted cardiac rehabilitation attendance in 93.59% of cases were being referred to the program, living an average of 27 km away compared to an average of 47 km, living with a partner and being male.
Upregulation of NRAMP1 mRNA confirms its role in enhanced host immunity in post-artificial infections of Salmonella enteritidis in chicks

Abstract 1. Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is reported as the most common food-borne pathogen transmitted through poultry products. The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) is a candidate gene associated with SE-mediated immune response and is related to the phagocytosis of SE. In this study, the classical single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G2357A in exon 8 of the NRAMP1 gene was detected. The expression of NRAMP1 mRNA was first investigated in heterophil granulocytes and spleen in chicks from two different Chinese native breeds at 1, 3 and 10 d post-infection. In addition, the association with the effect of SE challenge was identified. 2. The G2357A SNP showed no significant association with Salmonella natural infection in birds from two different Chinese native breeds. 3. The upregulation of NRAMP1 mRNA in heterophils and spleen was involved in the response to pathogenic SE colonisation during the acute infection period in chicks. The results suggest that genetics, age, gender and interactions among these factors play important roles in the modulation of NRAMP1 mRNA expression and copy number by SE-mediated immune response in different Chinese chickens. 4. In conclusion, the enhancement of host immunity mediated by the upregulation of NRAMP1 mRNA in heterophil granulocytes and spleen might be more obvious and earlier in the chicks resistant to infections with SE than in susceptible chicks.
Endocannabinoid and nitric oxide interaction mediates food intake in neonatal chicken

Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the interaction of the nitric oxide and cannabinoidergic systems on feeding behaviour in neonatal chicken. A total of 6 experiments were designed to evaluate the interaction between cannabinoidergic and nitrergic systems on food intake in 3-h food-deprived (FD3) neonatal chickens. In Experiment 1, chickens received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of saline, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (a CB1 receptor agonist, 2 µg), l-arginine (nitric oxide precursor, 200 nmol) and co-administration of 2-AG + l-arginine. In Experiment 2, ICV injection of saline, 2-AG (2 µg), l-NAME (a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, 100 nmol) and their combination (2-AG + l-NAME) were applied to the birds. In Experiment 3, injections were saline, CB65 (a CB2 receptor agonist, 1.25 µg), l-arginine (200 nmol) and CB65 + l-arginine. In Experiment 4, birds received ICV injection of saline, CB65 (1.25 µg), l-NAME (100 nmol) and CB65 + l-NAME. In Experiment 5, chickens were ICV injected with saline, l-arginine (800 nmol), SR141716A (a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, 6.25 µg) and l-arginine + SR141716A. In Experiment 6, birds were injected with saline, l-arginine (800 nmol), AM630 (a selective CB2 receptor antagonist, 5 µg) and l-arginine + AM630. Cumulative food intake was recorded until 2-h post injection. ICV injection of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists increased food intake. Co-injection of 2-AG + l-NAME increased the hyperphagic effects of CB1 receptors. CB2 receptor-induced food intake was not affected by co-administration of CB65 + l-NAME. l-Arginine decreased food intake and this effect was amplified by co-injection of l-arginine + SR141716A. However; CB2 receptor antagonists had no effect on l-arginine-induced hypophagia. The results suggest that there is an interaction between endogenous nitric oxide and the cannabinoidergic system on feeding behaviour which is mediated via CB1 receptors in the neonatal chicken.
Small cell lung carcinoma with overt cutaneous metastasis; unusual case.

Small cell lung carcinoma is a rapidly progressive neuroendocrine tumor having a poor prognosis. It is considered as a systemic disease, because it has diffuse involvement, distant organ metastasis, and regional lymphatic involvement at the time of initial diagnosis. While small cell lung carcinomahas a lot of metastasis to bone, liver, surrenal and other hemithorax in the onset of disease, cutaneous metastasis are rarely seen. Skin metastasis are encountered in lower than 0.5% of the patients with metastatic diseases. In this article, we aimed to present a case of small cell lung carcinoma with cutaneous metastasis which is rarely seen in the literature. Case Study Yasar et al.; BJMMR, 6(6): 625-629, 2015; Article no.BJMMR. 2015.240 626
Estimation of genetic parameters related to eggshell strength using random regression models

Abstract This study examined the changes in eggshell strength and the genetic parameters related to this trait throughout a hen’s laying life using random regression. The data were collected from a crossbred population between 2011 and 2014, where the eggshell strength was determined repeatedly for 2260 hens. Using random regression models (RRMs), several Legendre polynomials were employed to estimate the fixed, direct genetic and permanent environment effects. The residual effects were treated as independently distributed with heterogeneous variance for each test week. The direct genetic variance was included with second-order Legendre polynomials and the permanent environment with third-order Legendre polynomials. The heritability of eggshell strength ranged from 0.26 to 0.43, the repeatability ranged between 0.47 and 0.69, and the estimated genetic correlations between test weeks was high at > 0.67. The first eigenvalue of the genetic covariance matrix accounted for about 97% of the sum of all the eigenvalues. The flexibility and statistical power of RRM suggest that this model could be an effective method to improve eggshell quality and to reduce losses due to cracked eggs in a breeding plan.
Epidemiological aspects of lice (Menacanthus species) infections in laying hen flocks from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract The epidemiology of chicken lice species such as Menacanthus stramineus, M. cornutus and M. pallidulus were studied during an observational, analytical and sectional survey, to determine predisposing factors for their occurrence in laying hen farms in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 431 houses on 43 farms were visited in 2012. M. cornutus, M. stramineus and M. pallidulus occurred in 20.9%, 11.6% and 11.6% of farms, respectively. The frequencies of occurrence of M. cornutus, M. stramineus and M.pallidulus in poultry houses were 10.4%, 8.8% and 3.7%, respectively. The epidemiological determinants for the occurrence of these species were investigated using Poisson or logistic regression models. The region of the farm, the recent use of acaricides and the presence of birds, such as saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola), feral pigeon (Columba livia) and Guira cuckoo (Guira guira) around the farms were related to the epidemiology of M. cornutus. Infestation by M. stramineus was associated with age of birds, number of birds per cage and the presence of Guira cuckoo and Chopi blackbird (Gnorimopsar chopi) near the poultry houses. The occurrence of M. pallidulus was influenced by the type of facilities, presence of cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) and free-range domestic hens around the farm. The use of wire mesh nets in the houses and of forced moulting did not influence lice infestation.
Influence of an organic acid blend and essential oil blend, individually or in combination, on growth performance, carcass parameters, apparent digestibility, intestinal microflora and intestinal morphology of broilers

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of an organic acid (OA) and essential oil (EO) blends, individually or in combination, on growth performance, carcass parameters, apparent digestibility, intestinal microflora and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 480 one-d-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments consisting of 4 replicates each (n = 30 birds in each replicate). Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (control), and basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg OA blend (OAB), 300 mg/kg EO blend (EOB), or with 2 g/kg OA and 300 mg/kg EO blend (OAB–EOB) for 42 d. The dietary supplementation with EO blend or in combination with OA blend increased body weight gain and improved feed efficiency as compared to control. Dietary treatments had no significant effects on feed consumption or relative organ weights of broilers. The OAB diet increased carcass yield compared to the control diet but the lowest carcass yield occurred with the OAB–EOB combination. Birds fed on EOB and OAB–EOB diets had lower ileum Escherichia coli counts than birds fed on the control diet. There was no significant effect of treatments on apparent digestibility at 16–21 d but the EOB and OAB–EOB diets increased apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein during the finisher period (d 37–42) compared to the control diet. Birds fed on the EOB and OAB–EOB diets had greater villus height in the ileum at 21 and 42 d of age and had lower crypt depth in the ileum at 42 d of age than birds given the control diet. In conclusion, beneficial effects of the use of EO blend individually or in combination with the OA blend were observed but the OA blend alone was ineffective. Furthermore, the use of the combination of OA and EO was more effective, in some respects, than their individual use.
Elderly People, Their Medicines, and Their Doctors

Interestingly, elderly people their medicines and their doctors that you really wait for now is coming. It's significant to wait for the representative and beneficial books to read. Every book that is provided in better way and utterance will be expected by many peoples. Even you are a good reader or not, feeling to read this book will always appear when you find it. But, when you feel hard to find it as yours, what to do? Borrow to your friends and don't know when to give back it to her or him.
Natural zeolites in diet or litter of broilers

Abstract This study aims to analyse the influence of adding natural zeolites (clinoptilolite) to the diet or litter of broilers and their effects on growth performance, carcass yield and litter quality. Three consecutive flocks of broilers were raised on the same sawdust litter, from d 1 to d 42 of age, and distributed in three treatments (control with no added zeolites, addition of 5 g/kg zeolite to diet and addition of 100 g/kg zeolites to litter). The addition of zeolites to the diet or litter did not affect growth performance or carcass yield. The addition of zeolites to the diet did not influence moisture content of the litter, ammonia volatilisation was reduced only in the first flock and pH of litter was reduced in the second and third flock. However, the addition of zeolites to the litter reduced moisture content, litter pH and ammonia volatilisation in all flocks analysed. The addition of 5 g/kg zeolite to the diet in three consecutive flocks was not effective in maintaining litter quality, whereas the addition of 100 g/kg natural zeolites to sawdust litter reduced litter moisture and ammonia volatilisation in three consecutive flocks raised on the same litter.
Comparison of the mineral and fatty acid profiles of ostrich, turkey and broiler chicken livers

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the mineral and lipid profiles in ostrich, turkey and broiler chicken livers. The highest concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium were found in turkey livers, at 3751.50, 2153.05 and 363.98 mg/kg fresh weight (FW), respectively, whereas ostrich livers were the richest in calcium (82.77 mg/kg FW). Ostrich liver was the richest source of iron, calcium, zinc and silicon, at 947.8, 82.77, 47.50, 36.69 mg/kg FW, respectively. Ostrich livers proved to be the richest source of long-chain fatty acids (5.18% C20:4n+6, 0.48% EPA and 1.08% DHA)
Effects of medium-chain fatty acids on performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters and immune response in Japanese quail

Abstract This study had the aim of evaluating the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on performance, carcass characteristics, some blood parameters and antibody titre against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in quail. A total of 240 quail chicks were allotted to 4 treatments consisting of respectively 0, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg dietary MCFA. There were no significant differences in body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio among treatments at different stages of the experiment. MCFAs had no significant effect on breast, thigh, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius weight ratios. However, the relative weight of abdominal fat significantly decreased in quail receiving 0.2 and 0.4 MCFA as compared to other treatments. Concentrations of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol were decreased and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was increased in quail chicks receiving MCFA compared with control quail chicks. The concentrations of SRBC antibody were not statistically different among treatments. It is concluded that MCFA significantly decreased LDL, triglycerides, cholesterol and abdominal fat and increased HDL in quail chicks.
Antioxidant molecular targets of wheat bran fermented by white rot fungi and its potential modulation of antioxidative status in broiler chickens

ABSTRACT 1. The study focused on antioxidant molecular targets of wheat bran fermented by white rot fungi (WRF) in poultry. After solid-state fermentation of wheat bran by WRF for 12 d, scanning electron microscopy found that the lignocellulose structure showed degradation and fragmentation. 2. A total of 300 1-d-old broilers were evenly divided by gender and randomly allocated into the following treatments: (1) maize–soybean meal (control group), (2) 10% of wheat bran replacing maize (10% WB group) or (3) 10% of fermented wheat bran replacing maize (10% FWB group). 3. The results indicated that the antioxidant gene expression, such as haem oxygenase-1 and glutathione-S-transferase of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells, of the 10% FWB group was significantly higher than that of the control group at d 35. For genes of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxygenase 1 and reactive oxygen species modulator protein 1, the expression of the 10% FWB group was lower than that of the control group at d 21 and 35. 4. In conclusion, wheat bran fermented by WRF could increase lignocellulolytic enzyme activities and the levels of active components that further regulate the expression of antioxidant molecular targets in poultry.
Possible role of central interleukins on the anorexigenic effect of lipopolysaccharide in chicks

ABSTRACT 1. The purpose of the present study was to determine if central interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL6) and interleukin-8 (IL8) affect feeding behaviour in chicks (Gallus gallus) and examine if central interleukins are related to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia. 2. Intra-abdominal (IA) injection of LPS significantly suppressed feeding behaviour and significantly increased mRNA expression of IL1β and IL8 in the diencephalon when compared to the control group, while IL6 tended to be increased. 3. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 200 ng IL1β significantly decreased food intake at 60 min after the injection while IL6 and IL8 had no effect. 4. IA injection of these ILs (200 ng) had no effect on food intake in chicks. 5. ICV injection of 200 ng IL1β did not affect water intake and plasma corticosterone concentration, suggesting that central IL1β might not be related to the regulation of drinking behaviour and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. 6. The present study demonstrated that central IL1β but not IL6 and IL8 might be related to the inhibition of feeding in chicks.
Evaluating the effects of bedding materials and elevated platforms on contact dermatitis and plumage cleanliness of commercial broilers and on litter condition in broiler houses

ABSTRACT 1. Experiment 1, comparing wood shavings and ground straw bedding with peat, was performed on 7 broiler farms over two consecutive batches during the winter season. Experiment 2, assessing the effect of elevated (30 cm) platforms, was conducted in three farms replicated with 6 consecutive batches. 2. Footpad lesions were inspected at slaughter following the Welfare Quality® (WQ) assessment and official programme. Hock lesions, plumage cleanliness and litter condition were assessed using the WQ assessment. Litter height, pH, moisture and ammonia were determined. 3. Footpad condition on wood shavings appeared to be worse compared with peat using both methods of assessment and was accompanied by inferior hock skin health. WQ assessment resulted in poorer footpad and hock skin condition on ground straw compared with peat. Farms differed in footpad and hock skin condition. Footpad and hock lesions were not affected by platform treatment. Peat appeared more friable than ground straw. The initial pH of wood shavings was higher and moisture was lower than in peat, but at the end of production period there were no differences. Ground straw exhibited higher initial and lower end pH, and was drier in the beginning than peat. Litter condition and quality were not affected by platform treatment. 4. This study provides new knowledge about the applicability of peat as broiler bedding and shows no negative effects of elevated platforms on litter condition or the occurrence of contact dermatitis in commercial environments. The results suggest a complicated relationship between litter condition, moisture and contact dermatitis. Furthermore, it is concluded that the farmer’s ability to manage litter conditions is important, regardless of the chosen litter material. Peat bedding was beneficial for footpad and hock skin health compared with wood shavings and ground straw.
Investigating the factors influencing professional identity of first‐year health and social care students

Interprofessional education (IPE) involves students from different professions being brought together to learn about each other's profession. Several models of IPE exist, and central to the debate around which of these models is the most appropriate is the question of the stage of training in which to implement these programmes. Currently, however, there is no consensus on this question. Debate so far has revolved around the strength of professional identities, or lack thereof, amongst pre-qualifying students and how this may influence interprofessional learning. The potential role of professional identity in IPE seems to be unresolved. The present article adds to this debate by investigating the level of professional identity when students commence their professional studies; the differences in the level of professional identity between students from a range of professions; and the factors which may affect the initial levels of professional identification. Data were collected by questionnaire from the first-year cohort of Health and Social Care (HS profession; previous work experience in HS understanding of team working; knowledge of profession; and cognitive flexibility. Some explanations for these findings are presented and the implications are discussed.
Effects of menstrual cycle showing infradian rhythm on thyroid blood flow and thyroid volume in healthy women

The aim of the present study was to determine alterations in thyroid blood flow parameters and thyroid volume (TV), measured at inferior thyroid artery (ITA), due to changes in sex hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at four different periods of menstrual cycle (MC) showing infradian rhythm in healthy women. Twenty-two women with regular MC were recruited. Individuals were assessed with hormone levels, and Doppler ultrasound (US) findings at days 3, 7, 14, and 21 of MC. Mean TSH, peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI), pulsatile index (PI), and TV were statistically analyzed. Compared to days 3 and 7, significant increases were detected in TSH, TV, and PSV at day 14 (p = 0.005, p = 0.000, p = 0.014; and p = 0.021, p = 0.002, p = 0.021, respectively). No significant differences were found for PI at different periods of MC (p > 0.05). RI significantly decreased at days 14 and 21 when compared to day 3 (p = 0.020 and p = 0.015, respectively). Alterations occur in ITA blood flow parameters and TV along with TSH levels throughout the MC.
How to Balance the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in a Cruciate-retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty

Reliable and durable outcomes are reported with both cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty designs. Although proponents of each technique cite their own potential benefits, it is widely accepted that the outcome of cruciate-retaining total knee replacements is dependent on appropriate soft tissue balancing. The process of posterior cruciate ligament balancing begins with appropriate bone resections, continues through balancing of the knee with trial components, and possibly ends with selective release of the posterior cruciate ligament. Simple intraoperative tests can provide the surgeon with feedback regarding the tension of the ligament as being either too loose or too tight. With this technique, excellent results with cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty can be expected.
Serum HSV-1 and 2 IgM in patients of sexually transmitted diseases

Background: Herpes simplex virus type1 & 2 (HSV 1 &2) are the causative agent for genital herpes. Aim: To examine Serum HSV-1 and 2 IgM in all type of STD (sexually transmitted disease) patients including Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and also to evaluate correlation of Serum HSV-1 and 2 IgM in these patients. Materials and Methods: 150 patients attending the STD clinic attached to a tertiary care hospital of Ahmedabad were included in the study. These all patients were screened for HIV-1 and 2 antibodies. Serum HSV-1 and 2 IgM correlations with HIV infection and clinical manifestations of genital herpes patients and other non herpetic STD patients were studied. Results: The overall Serum HSV-1 and 2 IgM in STD seroprevalence was 15.66%. Female have significant higher prevalence ( p Discussion and Conclusion: Though Serum HSV-1 and 2 IgM in sexually transmitted diseases is less diagnostic, it helps to see the iceberg part of the infection among the population concerned recently. Putting STD surveillance systems in place specially in areas with high prevalence of HIV will be crucial in monitoring changes so that appropriate adjustments can be made to treatment schedules to make them more cost effective.