Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptide Y‐lmmunoreactive Nerve Fibres in the Pineal Gland of the Macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐ and the C‐fianking peptide of NPY (CPON)‐immunoreactive elements in the pineal gland of the macaque was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry. NPY‐ and CPON‐immunoreactive nerve fibres were located in the precommissural nucleus, around the stria medullaris, and in the posterior commissure. NPY‐ and CPON‐immunoreactive nerve fibres endowed with bulbous varicosities, were traced from the brain via the pineal stalk into the rostral part of the pineal gland. Furthermore, CPON‐immunoreactive, and to a lesser extent NPY‐immunoreactive nerve fibres, were distributed in the méninges, the choroid plexus and the vasculature related to the pineal organ. Nerve fibres located in the pineal capsule penetrated into the pineal parenchyma, where groups of individual fibres were found most often in an interlobular position. Occasionally, individual nerve fibres dispersed between the pinealocytes were observed. In contrast to the nerve fibres originating from the brain, those originating from the periphery were endowed with smaller immunoreactive nerve terminals. Another apparent difference was that the peripheral nerve fibres innervated only the caudal two‐thirds of the gland, whereas the central fibres were found exclusively in the rostral part of the pineal organ. Rarely, positive neuronal‐like cells were found in the pineal parenchyma. These results show the presence of a moderate number of NPY‐ and CPON‐immunoreactive nerve fibres within the primate pineal organ and strongly indicate that the primate pineal gland is innervated by NPYergic nerve fibres originating from both a peripheral and a central source.
Unified Fingerprinting/Ranging Localization in Harsh Environments

Context-awareness in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) relies mainly on the position of objects and humans. The provision of this positional information becomes challenging in the harsh environmental conditions where WSNs are commonly deployed. With an antagonistic philosophy of design, fingerprinting and ranging have emerged as the key technologies underpinning wireless localization in harsh environments. Fingerprinting primarily focuses on accurate estimation at the expense of exhaustive calibration. Ranging mainly pursues an easy-to-deploy solution at the expense of moderate performance. In this paper, we present a resilient framework for sustained localization based on accurate fingerprinting in critical areas and light ranging in noncritical spaces. Such framework is conceived from the Bayesian perspective that facilitates the specification of recursive algorithms for real-time operation. In comparison to conventional implementations, we assessed the proposed framework in an indoor scenario with measurements gathered by commercial devices. The presented techniques noticeably outperform current approaches, enabling a flexible adaptation to the fluctuating conditions of harsh environments.
A double‐blind multicentre comparison of mirtazapine and amitriptyline in elderly depressed patients

Hnyberg OJ, Maragakis B, Mullin J, Norum D, Stordall E, Ekdahl P, Ose E, Moksnes KM, Sennef C. A double‐blind multicentre comparison of mirtazapine and amitriptyline in elderly depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996: 93: 184–190. © Munksgaard 1996.
Prevalence of sleep disturbances in Chinese university students: a comprehensive meta‐analysis

This is a meta‐analysis of the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances and its associated factors in Chinese university students. English (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase) and Chinese (SinoMed, Wan Fang Database and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases were systematically and independently searched from inception until 16 August 2016. The prevalence of sleep disturbances was pooled using random‐effects model. Altogether 76 studies involving 112 939 university students were included. The overall pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances was 25.7% (95% CI: 22.5–28.9%). When using the screening scales Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Athens Insomnia Scale and Self‐Rating Sleeping State Scale, and the diagnostic criteria of the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (Second Edition), the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances was 24.1% (95% CI: 21.0–27.5%) and 18.1% (95% CI: 16.4–20.0%), respectively. The percentages of students dissatisfied with sleep quality and those suffering from insomnia symptoms were 20.3% (95% CI: 13.0–30.3%) and 23.6% (95% CI: 18.9–29.0%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that medical students were more vulnerable to sleep disturbances than other student groups. There was no significant difference between males and females, and across geographic locations. Sleep disturbances are common in Chinese university students. Appropriate strategies for prevention and treatment of sleep disturbances in this population need greater attention.
Layerwise Class-Aware Convolutional Neural Network

The human vision system usually has a specifically activated area of neurons when recognizing a category of images. Inspired by this visual mechanism, we propose a layerwise class-aware convolutional neural network architecture to explicitly discover category-tailored neurons on intermediate hidden layers to improve the network learning ability. Instead of directly selecting activated neurons for different categories, we inversely suppress those neurons of intermediate layers irrelevant with the given target class to produce a class-specific subnetwork, which implicitly enhances the discriminability of hidden layer features due to the increase of the inter-class discrepancy on them. Together with the classifier of the top layer, we jointly learn this network by formulating the suppressor of hidden layers as a penalty term in the objective function. To address class-specific neuron suppression in each hidden layer, we also introduce a statistic method based on mutual information to dynamically and automatically update the suppressed neurons during the network training. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed model is superior to the state-of-the-art models.
Duloxetine treatment for role functioning improvement in generalized anxiety disorder: three independent studies.

OBJECTIVE Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with impaired role functioning and diminished well-being. The present work examined the efficacy of duloxetine treatment for improving functional outcomes for patients with GAD in 3 independent clinical studies. METHOD Studies were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trials conducted in adult outpatients with DSM-IV-defined GAD. One study compared 9-week fixed-dose treatment with duloxetine 60 or 120 mg (N = 168 and N = 170, respectively) with placebo (N = 175). The other 2 studies compared 10-week flexible-dose treatment with duloxetine 60-120 mg (study 2, N = 168; study 3, N = 162) with placebo (study 2, N = 159; study 3, N = 161). The main functional outcome measure for each study was the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Additional measures were the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form and the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions. The 3 studies were conducted in the time period from June 2004 to November 2005. RESULTS Duloxetine-treated patients improved significantly more than placebo-treated patients on SDS global functioning (study 1, p <or= .001; studies 2 and 3, p <or= .01) and SDS work, social life, and family/home responsibility scores (p values range from <or= .05 to <or= .001). At treatment endpoint, a greater percentage of duloxetine-treated patients had obtained SDS global functioning scores in the normative range than placebo-treated patients (p values range from <or= .05 to <or= .001). Duloxetine-treated patients also reported greater increases in quality of life, well-being, and health compared with the placebo group on the other functional measures (p values range from <or= .05 to <or= .001). CONCLUSIONS Duloxetine consistently reduced role functioning disabilities associated with GAD and enhanced patients' quality of life and well-being in 3 independent clinical studies. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT00122824 (study 1) and NCT00122850 (study 3). Study 2 was completed prior to the requirement to post trials at initiation and does not have a registration number.
Renewable energy: A way for a sustainable development in Romania

ABSTRACT The development of renewable energy sources is justified by keeping a clean environment, by assurance of energy security, by job creation, all these contributing to sustainable economic growth. The paper presents the development level of renewable energy sector in Romania and the benefits of its extension, starting from the potential of Romania in this field. From natural point of view, Romania has a high potential for development of renewable energy, in the hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass fields. The research results show that even if there are certain limitations in expansion of this field, the natural potential and the advantages obtained by development of renewable energy sources require continued investments and public–private efforts to support it.
Patient Perspectives

This article contains observations and historical considerations on cancer and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the Tijuana, Mexico, area. There are approximately 2 dozen such clinics in Tijuana, some of which have been treating international cancer patients since 1963. Among the first clinics to be established were the Bio-Medical Center (Hoxsey therapy), Oasis of Hope (a Laetrile-oriented clinic), and a series of clinics affiliated with the Gerson diet therapy. These original clinics were established mainly by American citizens in response to increased regulation of nonstandard therapies in the United States, particularly after passage of the Kefauver-Harris Amendments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act in 1962. In the 1970s, the Tijuana clinics proliferated with the upsurge of interest in Laetrile (amygdalin). By 1978, 70,000 US cancer patients had taken Laetrile for cancer treatment, and many of those had gone to Tijuana to receive it. The popularity of the Tijuana clinics peaked in the mid-1980s. Although many new clinics opened after then, a dozen have folded in the past 10 years alone. The turning point for the clinics came with passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which facilitated greater cooperation among the antifraud authorities of Canada, the United States, and Mexico. In 1994, the tripartite members of NAFTA formed the Mexico-United States-Canada Health Fraud Work Group, or MUCH, whose brief is to strengthen the 3 countries’ ability to prevent cross-border health fraud. Under the auspices of MUCH and its members, regulatory crackdowns began in earnest early in 2001. The clinics were also badly affected by the general downturn in travel after 9/11. If these trends continue, many Tijuana clinics are unlikely to survive. Some suggestions are made for how the Tijuana clinics could be reorganized and reformed to minimize the likelihood of governmental actions and to maximize public support. Such reforms center on 5 main areas: (1) research, (2) physical plant, (3) finances, (4) ethics, and (5) education.
Inclination of the patellar ligament in relation to flexion angle in stifle joints of dogs without degenerative joint disease.

OBJECTIVE To measure the angles between the patellar ligament and the tibial plateau and between the patellar ligament and the common tangent at the tibiofemoral contact point (TFCP) throughout the full range of motion of the stifle joint in dogs and determine the flexion angles at which the patellar ligament is perpendicular to the tibial plateau or to the common tangent. SAMPLE POPULATION 16 hind limbs from cadavers of 9 adult dogs without radiographically detectable degenerative joint disease. PROCEDURES Mediolateral radiographic views of the stifle joints from full extension through full flexion were obtained (10 degrees increments). Angles between the tibial and femoral long axes (beta), between the patellar ligament and the tibial plateau gamma), and between the patellar ligament and the common tangent at TFCP (alpha) were measured. Data were analyzed via simple linear regression. RESULTS In canine stifle joints, angles gamma and alpha decreased linearly with increasing flexion (angle beta). The patellar ligament was perpendicular to the tibial plateau and perpendicular to the common tangent at the TFCP at 90 degrees and 110 degrees of flexion, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE By use of the conventionally defined tibial plateau, data suggest that at approximately 90 degrees of flexion in stifle joints of dogs, shear force in the sagittal plane exerted on the proximal portion of the tibia shifts the loading from the cranial to the caudal cruciate ligament. Analyses involving the common tangent at the TFCP (a more anatomically representative reference point) identified this crossover point at approximately 110 degrees of joint flexion.
Effect of antipsychotics on mortality in elderly patients with dementia: a 1-year prospective study in a nursing home

Background and objectives: The use of risperidone or olanzapine to treat behavioral problems associated with dementia is no longer recommended in the U.K. because of the increased risk of cerebrovascular adverse effects (CVAEs) and/or mortality. To evaluate the risks and benefits of antipsychotics, we measured the rate of mortality in patients with dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular/mixed dementia and compared mortality rates between those who had received antipsychotics and those who had not received antipsychotics. Methods: A total of 273 subjects were assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months using a 1-year prospective follow-up design. Mortality rates between groups were compared using a Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank statistics. Relative risks (RRs) were examined by the Cox proportional-hazards model. Results: The overall 1-year mortality rate in dementia was 23.8%. The mortality rate in those who had not received antipsychotics (26.8%) was higher than that in those who had received antipsychotics (20.6%). RR and 95% confidence interval (CI) of mortality, when we compared those who had not received antipsychotics with those who had received antipsychotics, was 1.277 (95% CI 1.134–1.437) after controlling for age, severity of dementia, medical comorbidities, cognitive impairment (measured by the Korean version of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE)) and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), measured by the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale, Korean version (BEHAVE-AD-K). When those who had not received antipsychotics were compared with those who had received both risperidone and haloperidol, RR (95% CI) was 1.225 (1.101–1.364). Conclusion: This study does not support reports that antipsychotics increase mortality in dementia.
Effect of an Early Intervention Program on the Relationship Between Subjective Pain and Disability Measures in Nurses With Low Back Injury

Study Design The effect of a workplace‐based early intervention program on perceptions of pain and disability in nurses with low back injury was studied using a preintervention versus postintervention design with concurrent control group. Objectives To examine the relationship and changes over time between pain and disability measures in two groups of back‐injured nurses‐those who received the early intervention program (study) and those who were not offered the program (control). Summary of Background Data The relationship between back pain and disability is not straightforward. The effects of an intervention program on changes in perceptions of pain and disability over time have not been widely reported. Methods The Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire and a visual analog pain scale were administered to 46 study nurses and 137 control nurses at time of injury and at 6 months after injury. Correlation and regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between the two measures. Changes over time were compared with analyses of variance. Results Pain and disability were positively correlated in both groups at time of injury and at follow‐up evaluation. Mean scores for pain and disability were lower at follow‐up evaluation than at initial injury in both groups; study nurses had significantly (P < 0.01) lower scores at 6 months than nurses in the control group. Disability at time of injury predicted disability at 6 months only for nurses in the control group. Conclusions This workplace‐based early intervention program decreased levels of pain and disability in back‐injured nurses and altered the relationship between these two variables over a 6‐month time interval.
The influence of ketogenic therapy on the 5 R’s of radiobiology

Abstract Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay in the treatment of solid tumors and works by inducing free radical stress in tumor cells, leading to loss of reproductive integrity. The optimal treatment strategy has to consider damage to both tumor and normal cells and is determined by five factors known as the 5 R’s of radiobiology: Reoxygenation, DNA repair, radiosensitivity, redistribution in the cell cycle and repopulation. The aim of this review is (i) to present evidence that these 5 R’s are strongly influenced by cellular and whole-body metabolism that in turn can be modified through ketogenic therapy in form of ketogenic diets and short-term fasting and (ii) to stimulate new research into this field including some research questions deserving further study. Conclusions: Preclinical and some preliminary clinical data support the hypothesis that ketogenic therapy could be utilized as a complementary treatment in order to improve the outcome after RT, both in terms of higher tumor control and in terms of lower normal tissue complication probability. The first effect relates to the metabolic shift from glycolysis toward mitochondrial metabolism that selectively increases ROS production and impairs ATP production in tumor cells. The second effect is based on the differential stress resistance phenomenon, which is achieved when glucose and growth factors are reduced and ketone bodies are elevated, reprogramming normal but not tumor cells from proliferation toward maintenance and stress resistance. Underlying both effects are metabolic differences between normal and tumor cells that ketogenic therapy seeks to exploit. Specifically, the recently discovered role of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate as an endogenous class-I histone deacetylase inhibitor suggests a dual role as a radioprotector of normal cells and a radiosensitzer of tumor cells that opens up exciting possibilities to employ ketogenic therapy as a cost-effective adjunct to radiotherapy against cancer.
A quantitative assessment of educational integration of students with Down syndrome in the Netherlands.

BACKGROUND In the Netherlands, as in many other countries, there are indications of an inclusive school policy for children with Down syndrome. However, there is a lack of studies that evaluate to what extent this policy has actually succeeded in supporting the mainstreaming of these students. METHOD For the period 1984-2011, the number of children with Down syndrome entering regular education and the percentage of children still in regular education after 1-7 years were estimated on basis of samples from the database of the Dutch Down Syndrome Foundation. These estimations were combined with historical demographic data on the total number of children with Down syndrome in primary school age. Validity of the model was examined by comparison of the model-based estimations of numbers and percentages in regular education with relevant available empirical data from the Dutch Ministry of Education and from Dutch special schools. RESULTS The percentage of all children with Down syndrome in the age range 4-13 in regular primary education has risen from 1% or 2% (at the very most about 20 children) in 1986-1987, to 10% (about 140 children) in 1991-1992, to 25% (about 400) in 1996-1997, to 35% (about 650) in 2001-2002 and to 37% (about 800) since 2005-2006. The proportional increase stopped in recent years. CONCLUSION During the 1980s and 1990s, clearly more and more children with Down syndrome were in regular education, being supported by the then existing ad hoc regulations aimed at providing extra support in regular education. In the Netherlands, in 2003, these temporary regulations were transformed into structural legislation for children with disabilities. With regard to the mainstreaming of students with Down syndrome, the 2003 legislation has consolidated the situation. However, as percentages in regular education stayed fairly constant after 2000, it has failed to boost the mainstreaming of children with Down syndrome. The results of this study are discussed in the context of national and international legislation and educational policy.
Shipping the good fish out? An empirical study on the EU seafood imports under the EU’s Generalized System of Preferences

ABSTRACT The impact of the EU (European Union) Generalized System of Preference (GSP) on the relative EU’s demand for seafood quality was evaluated in the study. We first explored the theoretical Alchian–Allen result of change in ad valorem tariffs in an n–good world, and then tested this result in the empirical study. The theoretical analysis suggests that whether a reduced ad valorem tariff in an n–good case raises the relative demand for high-value goods depends not only on the substitutability between high-value and low-value goods but also on the substitutability between these similar goods with their weak substitutes. In the empirical sections, we first estimated the elasticities of the substitutions and then used these elasticities to evaluate the quality composition of the EU’s seafood imports from the beneficiary countries. The empirical results in general confirm the occurrence of ‘shipping the good fish out’ due to the reduced tariff rates under the EU’s GSP arrangements.
Development of a potential functional food prepared with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), oats and Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730

The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 in creams, prepared with pigeon peas and oat. Products were analysed to determine their content of protein, fibre, fat, carbohydrates and degree of likeness. Viable numbers of L. reuteri and pH were determined after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at 4°C. Results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate content between creams. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found on sensory quality between control and creams with L. reuteri. After 28 days, the cell viability was above 7 log cfu/g in all creams. L. reuteri ATCC 55730 had the highest viability in cream with 40% pigeon pea and 20% oat (8.16 log cfu/g). In conclusion, due to its acceptability and highly nutritious value, the product could be used so as to support the growth of L. reuteri.