Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can managers inform models? Integrating local knowledge into models of red deer habitat use

Summary 1 Many ecologically based wildlife-habitat models provide only limited explanations of the observed data because they do not take account of the way in which key factors driving distribution interact with local management. If models are to be credible tools for developing solutions for wildlife management, they need to integrate scientific knowledge with the wealth of knowledge held by those who manage these resources. 2 In this study, we develop a participatory approach to integrate local knowledge from deer managers with formal scientific understanding and ecological spatial data in a simple Geographic Information System (GIS) to predict red deer Cervus elaphus L. distribution in the uplands of Scotland. We evaluate the extent to which the predictions are improved by this process. 3 The initial GIS prediction matched both managers’ experience of deer locations and the independently derived deer point count data in around 50% of all cases. 4 An analysis of interviews with managers indicated that for red deer, shelter provided by habitat characteristics was more important than topographic shelter or the forage value of the habitat. Disturbance, slope and elevation were also important. Analysis of the underlying spatial characteristics of those areas preferred by deer, as defined by managers, indicated similar relative importance of these factors in driving deer distribution. 5 The model was modified to incorporate the managers’ knowledge and new predictions were evaluated against existing deer distribution data. The match between point counts and areas predicted by the model as being highly suitable for deer increased from around 50% to around 80%. 6 Synthesis and applications. Our evaluations demonstrate the validity of using local knowledge which can substantially improve the predictions from simple spatial models of deer habitat suitability. Our approach enables knowledge from different sources and at different spatial scales to be combined to give realistic predictions of deer distribution at an appropriate scale. Such participatory approaches to wildlife-habitat model development have the potential to improve communication and consensus across ownership boundaries where different management objectives exist.
Prosodic structure between the prosodic word and the phonological phrase: Recursive nodes or an independent domain?

Abstract In this article, a prosodic domain located between the prosodic word and the phonological phrase is argued for (the prosodic word group – PWG). This constituent groups the members of several types of compound-like expressions, but does not play a special part in the prosodic organization of clitics, and thus is argued to be (partially) distinct from the old clitic group (Hayes, The prosodic hierarchy in meter, Academic Press, 1989; Nespor and Vogel, Prosodic phonology, Foris, 1986). The PWG is shown to play a role in the phonology of compound-like expressions in a great number of languages, belonging to different linguistic families. Evidence is multifarious, coming from segmental, tonal, duration and prominence related phenomena. Crucially, evidence is also offered against an analysis resorting to recursive prosodic words – e.g., prominence patterns at the levels of the Prosodic Word (PW) and PWG may be reversed; phonological phenomena distinguishing the two domains show a difference in kind and not just in strength (Ladd, Intonational phonology, Cambridge University Press, 1996/2008; Frota, Prosody and focus in European Portuguese. Phonological phrasing and intonation, Garland Publishing, 2000).
Clonal propagation of Detarium microcarpum and Khaya senegalensis

The slow growth of seedlings and the impact of insect pests are major limitations to the use of indigenous species in plantations in Burkina Faso. Thus, the use of vegetative propagules and resistant clones may enhance the success of plantations. The objectives of this thesis were to develop efficient and simple clonal propagation methods for two indigenous species, Detarium microcarpum and Khaya senegalensis, and to compare the growth of sexual and asexual propagules. Two clonal propagation methods were developed: root cuttings for D. microcarpum and stem cuttings for K. senegalensis. Root segment length and diameter were key factors that affect sprouting and rooting ability. Root segments of 20 cm length and 15-60 mm diameter were the most successful. Stockplant and auxin application influenced root formation by leafy stem cuttings of K. senegalensis. High proportions of cuttings taken from seedling have rooted, while cuttings obtained from older trees rooted poorly, highlighting maturation as critical factor. The rooting ability of cuttings from older trees was improved by pollarding and auxin application. Comparison of sexual and asexual plantlets of D. microcarpum revealed that root suckers and seedling sprouts had a closer morphological resemblance. The well-established root system and the high carbohydrate concentrations in the roots of seedling sprouts may favor a growth comparable to that of root suckers. Seedlings and stecklings of K. senegalensis had similar growth patterns with respect to: the relative growth rates of stem length, leaf, stem, root and the total plant biomass; the biomass fraction to total plant biomass of leaf, stem and root; leaf area productivity; foliar carbon isotope ratio; and carbohydrate concentrations in roots. However, water stress was a major growth-limiting factor, resulting in a reduction in plant growth, biomass production, and carbohydrate concentration. As these studies constitute a first step toward the effective use of clonal propagules of D. microcarpum and K. senegalensis to ensure successful plantation, more investigations examining the effects of donors, the application of plant growth regulators are required in order to optimize the techniques.
Behavior of High-producing Dairy Cattle in Tie Stall

Behavior of 20 (17 lactating and 3 dry) high-producing Holstein cattle (30kg/head/day of average milk yield and approximately 9000kg of rolling herd average of milk production/head/year) was observed at 5-min. intervals during 24 hours in tie stall barn. Enough amount (24.4kg of DM/head/day) of mixed ration and long grass hay were fed evenly to lactating cattle. Behavior of them was different among daily milk yield, lactation period and parity classes. Higher producing cattle had longer ingesting and shorter resting time. Those in early lactation period had longer resting with standing, greater frequency of standing and lying and ingesting than in other lactation periods. The average of continuously lying durations in early lactation period was 45min. and was only half of that in late lactation period. In the midlactation period, ruminating time was longer and resting time was shorter than in other periods. These behavioral characteristics agree with the known time lag between peak of feed intake and milk yield after calving. It is supposed that cattle in early lactation period supplement rapid increase of nutritive requirement after calving by increasing frequency of ingesting and also ingesting at the period from midnight to dawn to compensate inability of ingesting much amount of ration at once because of declined appetite after calving. And first calving heifers were greater in frequency of standing and lying and shorter in average of continuously ingesting durations than multiparous cows. High producing cows, those in early lactation period and first calving heifers are likely to be the most susceptible to stress and will require delicate and careful management. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Jpn.) 64 (7): 709-718, 1993
Precarious domesticities: energy vulnerability among urban young adults

Even though recent years have seen the publication of a wide body of research on the broad-level relationships between fuel poverty, energy efficiency, poor housing and health (see, for example, Rudge and Nicol 1999; Healy and Clinch 2004) it still remains unclear how these linkages operate at the level of everyday life in the home. What is more, the articulation of the underlying systemic causes of energy vulnerability within the grain of the city is poorly understood, particularly in relation to the rising importance of scientific agendas that see such dynamics as the product of social justice issues of distribution, procedure and recognition (Walker and Day 2012). This becomes especially pronounced once the focus is moved away from issues of energy deprivation among older people – a group that, its objective difficulties notwithstanding, has traditionally attracted the greatest amount of political support, public visibility and assistance from the state – onto more transient and precarious populations.
EXPLORING CHILDREN’S OPTIC FLOW SENSITIVITY

Motion cues are important for successful navigation in an environment. The structured global motion pattern, optic flow, provides a person with speed and direction information about her self-motion. Prior research has shown that, radial (expansion/contraction) optic flow patterns elicit robust evoked potential responses in adults, while responses to rotation and translation (left/right) patterns are weaker. Comparatively, infants show the strongest evoked responses to lateral translation. Previous studies also suggest that adult-like spatial and temporal tuning to global motion develops over a prolonged time period. However, the literature is still lacking a component that connects adult and infant optic flow research and provides a clear trajectory of optic flow sensitivity over time. The current study attempts to provide this missing information. For this study, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) responses were recorded from children of 4 to 8-years to coherence modulations of three optic flow pattern types (lateral translation, rotation, and radial expansion/contraction) at 3 different speeds (2, 4, and 8 deg/s), using an electrode net of 128 channels. Children viewed moving dot displays (7 amin dots, 79.4 cd/m, density = 10%) that modulated in time from incoherent to 100% coherent global motion at 1.2 Hz (F1). All displays had the same dot update rate (24 Hz, F2). Overall, responses to coherence modulation were largest for the radial patterns and were tuned for fast speeds. The oldest children were the most adult-like, with weak responses to translation and rotation, but the strongest responses to radial motion. Robust responses to translation were still observed in the youngest children. The results suggest that adult-like sensitivity to optic flow patterns emerges in middle childhood and that there are multiple trajectories associated with the development of optic flow processing.
Trading Game Invariance in the TAQ Dataset

The trading game invariance hypothesis of Kyle and Obizhaeva (2011a) is tested using the Trades and Quotes (“TAQ”) dataset. Over the period 1993-2001, the estimated monthly regression coefficients of the log of trade arrival rate on the log of trading activity has an almost constant value of 0.690, slightly higher than the value of 2/3 predicted by the invariance hypotheses. Over the period 2001-2008, the coefficient estimates rise almost linearly, with an average value of 0.787. Average trade size, normalized for trading activity, falls dramatically over the period 1993-2008. The distribution of trade size adjusted for trading activity resembles a log-normal more closely in 1993 than in 2001 or 2008, with truncation below the 100-share odd-lot boundary becoming a more prominent feature over time. These results suggests that the 2001 reduction in minimum tick size to one cent and the subsequent increase in algorithmic trading have resulted in more intense order shredding in actively traded stocks than inactively traded stocks. The invariance hypothesis explains 91% of the cross-sectional variation in print arrival rates and average print size.
Mechanistic Insight Into the Efficient Osteogenic Potential of Dihydrotestosterone: Exploring Sequential Expression of Bone-Related Protein Biomarkers

Numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have evidenced the outstanding potential of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the treatment of male osteoporosis. Despite of promising clinical efficacy of DHT in regulating the skeletal growth and homeostasis, the exact molecular and translational mechanism is yet to be explored. This study was aimed to investigate the bone-forming molecular mechanism of DHT using MC3T3-E1 cell line as in vitro model. The mechanism of bone-forming ability of DHT was assessed by evaluating the time-mannered expression of bone-related biomarkers such as bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osteocalcin (OCN), type I collagen, osteopontin (OPN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and androgen receptor (AR). Results demonstrated a remarkable efficacy of DHT (at a dose of 0.1 ng/mL) in promoting the expression of these vital bone-forming mediators. The resulting analysis revealed that the DHT-0.1 group showed higher expression of BMP-2 (106±9 pg/mL), ALP (381±16 pg/mL), Runx-2 (664±32 pg/mL), OCN (2265±111 pg/mL), type I collagen (276±16 pg/mL), TGF-β1 (81±7 pg/mL) and AR (411±21 pg/mL) compared to the control (CN) and other DHT-treated groups. These findings provide an in vitro evidence for the bone-forming capacity of DHT and its therapeutic significance for the treatment of male osteoporosis.
Benthic microphytic activity at two Mediterranean shellfish cultivation sites with reference to benthic fluxes

Microphytobenthos activity in coastal waters has been studied at two shellfish fanning sites: an oyster farm in Thau lagoon and a mussel farm in Carteau bay (NW Mediterranean coast). In both cases, shellfish are cultivated on ropes hanging from rigid structures (tables) in shallow waters (- 5 m). An ''under table'' station and an ''outside table'' (reference) station were chosen at each site. Oxygen and ammonia fluxes at the water-sediment interface were measured in dark and transparent benthic chambers. Chlorophyll a concentrations were two- to threefold higher in ''under table'' sediments than outside (260 mg Chl a m(-2) under the oyster table, 436 mg Chl a m(-2) under the mussel table in winter). Net oxygen fluxes were negative at all stations, except at the Carteau reference station and under the oyster table at the beginning of the summer (+ 20 mg O-2 m(-2) h(-1)). Maximum negative fluxes (- 70 mg O-2 m(-2) h(-1) under a mussel table) were recorded during spring at all stations, when mollusc trophic activity was maximal as reflected in high phaeopigment content under the tables. Gross primary production was lowest in spring at the Thau stations as well as at the Carteau reference station. Under the mussel table, primary production increased steadily from autumn to summer, from 0 to 100 mg O-2 m(-2) h(-1). Ammonia release was higher under shellfish farming structures (200 mu mol N-NH4+ m(-2) h(-1)) than at the reference stations (70 mu mol N-NH4+ m(-2) h(-1)). The discrepancy between O-2 production and microphytic biomass suggests that mechanisms other than photosynthesis prevail under shellfish structures. Mussel cultures were shown to have a stronger impact on benthic fluxes below the tables than oysters. In localities with shellfish farms, oxygen produced by microphytobenthos activity cannot always meet the total oxygen demand of the sediment, increased by accumulation of mollusc biodeposits and, sometimes drastically in the lagoon, by macroalgae decay.
Continuous dependence estimates for the ergodic problem of Bellman-Isaacs operators via the parabolic Cauchy problem

This paper concerns continuous dependence estimates for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs operators. We establish such an estimate for the parabolic Cauchy problem in the whole space (0,+∞)× R n and, under some periodicity and either ellipticity or controllability assumptions, we deduce a similar estimate for the ergodic constant associated to the operator. An interesting byproduct of the latter result will be the local uniform convergence for some classes of singular perturbation problems. β∈B max α∈A {− tr (a(x, α, β)X )+ f (x, α, β) · p + � (x, α, β)} (1.2) where ∂t ≡ ∂/∂t, Du and D 2 u stand respectively for the gradient and for the Hessian matrix of the real-valued function u = u(t, x). For instance, problems of this kind naturally arise in zero-sum two-persons stochastic differential games: consider the control system for s> 0 dxs = f (xs ,α s ,β s)ds + √ 2σ(xs ,α s ,β s)dWs ,x 0 = x (1.3)
The cave beetle genus Anthroherpon is polyphyletic : molecular phylogenetics and description of Graciliella n. gen.(Leiodidae, Leptodirini)

The subtribe Anthroherponina form an iconic group of obligate cave beetles, typical representatives of the Dinaric subterranean fauna, which is considered to be the richest in the world. Phylogenetic studies within this subtribe are scarce and based only on morphological characters, which, due to troglomorphic convergence, are frequently unreliable. Moreover, morphological stasis and morphological polymorphism make classification of taxa difficult. To test if characters that have traditionally been accepted as informative for Anthroherponina classification are indeed reliable, we evaluated the monophyly of the most speciesrich genus of this subtribe - Anthroherpon Reitter, 1889. Our study, based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of fragments of the 18S, 28S, and COI (both 5â and 3â end) loci revealed that the genus Anthroherpon as conventionally defined is polyphyletic. To resolve this polyphyly, we defined one new additional genus, Graciliella n. gen., for which we then examined the intrageneric diversity using molecular and morphometric approaches. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of two COI mitochondrial gene fragments revealed the presence of four species inside Graciliella n. gen., including two new species, which we here describe as G. kosovaci n. sp. and G. ozimeci n. sp. To analyze interspecific morphological differences within Graciliella we performed a discriminant analysis based on 40 linear morphometric measurements. The results showed that differences between species and subspecies inside Graciliella, however subtle they may seem, are measurable and reproducible. All species of the genus are briefly diagnosed, an identification key is proposed and a distribution map of all taxa of Graciliella is provided.
Soil pH, exchangeable aluminium and lucerne yield responses to lime in a South Island high country soil

A 2-year field experiment was conducted on a high country brown stony soil in the Lees Valley, North Canterbury. Two forms of lime (‘AgLime’ and ‘Quicklime’) were applied at 4 rates (0, 2, 4 and 8 t/ ha) and plots sown with ‘Grasslands Kaituna’ lucerne. Soil pH was strongly (R2=0.73) related to exchangeable aluminium (Al), with a sharp rise in plant-available Al levels below a pH of 5.8. Soil pH changes of 0.15 units/t lime applied in the 0-7.5 cm horizon, and lower, variable, pH changes in the 7.5-15 and 15-30 cm horizons were achieved. Soil exchangeable Al dropped to low levels (< 0.3 me/100g) at all liming rates in the 0-7.5 cm soil horizon, and had a moderate to low effect in deeper soil horizons. Increases in soil exchangeable Al below soil pH 5.8 were linear, increasing at 0.2 me Al/100g per 0.1 pH unit decrease in soil pH. Effects of lime form were unclear. Lucerne yields were often low, in the order of 700-1 200 kg DM/ha, and were not influenced by lime rates or soil exchangeable Al. Other, soil and climate variables are discussed in relation to current DM yields. Measurements at this site are ongoing.
Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. fragariae Strains and Comparison with some other X. arboricola Pathovars using Repetitive PCR Genomic Fingerprinting

The genetic relationship within 26 Xanthomonas arboricola pv. fragariae strains and between this pathovar and 20 strains of X. arboricola pv. corylina, 22 strains of X. arboricola pv. juglandis and 16 strains of X. arboricola pv. pruni has been assessed by means of repetitive polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus), BOX (BOXA subunit of the BOX element of Streptococcus pneumoniae) and repetitive extragenic palindromic primer sets. Cluster analysis was performed by means of unweighted paired group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA). Upon rep-PCR and UPGMA cluster analysis, a relevant genetic diversity was found within the strains. The overall similarity, however, was high (i.e. 80%). The four X. arboricola pathovars showed similar but clearly different genomic patterns and clustered into four different groups, with X. arboricola pv. corylina and X. arboricola pv. juglandis more closely related to X. arboricola pv. fragariae. Representative strains of X. arboricola pv. fragariae and the putative xanthomonads isolated from strawberry leaves showing leaf blight symptoms underwent pathogenicity tests. After artificial inoculation, X. arboricola pv. fragariae induced necrotic spots accompanied, sometimes, by a chlorotic halo. The blackening of the leaf veins and peduncle was, sometimes, also observed. The four putative xanthomonads isolated from diseased strawberry leaves and not inducing symptoms after artificial inoculation, clustered apart from X. arboricola pathovars.
Enhancement of growth and productivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) through foliar application of calcium and magnesium

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is the important vegetable crop in Pakistan. Macronutrients deficiency severely affected growth and yield of cucumber. Therefore the experiment was designed to evaluate response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels in the year of 2014. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Bock Design (RCBD) having sixteen treatment combinations, replicated three times. Foliar application of Calcium @ (0, 10, 15, 20 mM) and Magnesium @ (0, 30, 40, 50, mM) were applied to the plants. Application of calcium and magnesium significantly affected all the growth parameters. Less number of days (39) to first flowering, number of days (49) to fruit initiation, highest vine length (74.66 cm), number of branches plant-1 (6.05), number of pickings plot-1 (8), fruit length (15.02 cm), fruit diameter (4.00), number of fruits plant-1 (9.27) and yield (8.03) tons ha-1 was observed with foliar application of 10 mM calcium. Whereas less number of days (37) to first flowering, number of days (48) to fruit initiation, maximum vine length (72.66 cm), number of branches plant-1 (5.87), number of pickings plot-1 (7.83), fruit length (15.04 cm), fruit diameter (4.43 cm) number of fruit plant-1 (9.04), and yield (10.79) tons ha-1 was observed with foliar application of 30 mM magnesium. While In case of interaction, number of days (31) to first flowering, days to fruit initiation (45), fruit length (17.27 cm), fruit diameter (5.93 cm), number pickings-1 (9), and yield tons ha-1(12.70) were produced by interaction between Ca x Mg at the rate of 10mM and 30 mM respectively. Hence foliar application of calcium @ 10 mM and magnesium @ 30 mM is recommended for the better growth and yield of cucumber at Peshawar. Keywords: Cucumis sativus; Calcium Magnesium dose; Foliar application; Growth and yield http://dx.doi. org/10.19045/bspab.2017. 60040