Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clarification of Advanced Nursing Practice: Characteristics and Competencies

The concept of advanced nursing practice is still evolving even as the nursing profession evolves. Davies and Hughes’s article was one of the first to transcend the role understandings of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) to describe advanced nursing practice in terms of competencies. Their work was seminal to my own thinking about advanced nursing practice, resulting in the definition proposed in Advanced Nursing Practice: An Integrative Approach (Hamric AB, Spross JA, Hanson CM, eds. Advanced Nursing Practice: An Integrative Approach. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1996:42-56). This way of understanding advanced nursing practice as a constellation of competencies embedded in a variety of roles, rather than in terms of particular roles, has become the dominant way we define advanced nursing practice today. Davies and Hughes’s insight that “the term advanced nursing practice extends beyond roles” has helped to diffuse the intraprofessional rivalry between CNSs and NPs and the divisiveness it created within the profession, even as it has helped extend the understanding of advanced nursing practice in evolving roles. I think of published scholarship as an ongoing conversation, a series of one-way dialogues, if you will, that builds on previous conversations and lends new insights to our continued efforts to strengthen the nursing profession. It is one of the key reasons why we need to stay abreast of the literature, so we can be responsible contributors to the conversation. We all build our ideas from the insights of others even as we contribute our own insights to the dialogue. Davies and Hughes built upon my earlier conversations about the CNS role, and I in turn built upon their important insights about advanced nursing practice. Since that time, others have contributed to the development of our understanding, and my definition continues to evolve based on these contributions. And so it goes. Let the conversation continue! Ann B. Hamric, PhD, RN, FAAN Although the term advanced nursing practice has been used extensively to describe the practice of the CNS, it is difficult to find a clear definition of the term. The role has been articulated as a constellation of subroles: clinician, educator, researcher, and consultant. However, describing various subroles does not capture the broader picture of the CNS’s contribution to health care delivery. This has lead to discussions among faculty of one university regarding the need to clarify advanced nursing practice as the first step in redesigning the educational preparation for the CNS as an advanced nurse practitioner. In this article, an overview of advanced practice is provided, differences in practice levels are discussed, and characteristics and competencies inherent to advanced nursing practice are delineated. How these characteristics and competencies interact to present a picture of advanced nursing practice is illustrated in a case study.
Ferric Reduction Is a Potential Iron Acquisition Mechanism for Histoplasma capsulatum

ABSTRACT For the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, and for other microbial pathogens, iron is an essential nutrient. Iron sequestration in response to infection is a demonstrated host defense mechanism; thus, iron acquisition may be considered an important pathogenic determinant. H. capsulatum is known to secrete Fe(III)-binding hydroxamate siderophores, which is one common microbial process for acquiring iron. Here, we report H. capsulatumferric reduction activities in whole yeast cells and in both high- and low-molecular-weight fractions of culture supernatants. Each of these activities was induced or derepressed by growth under iron-limiting conditions, a phenomenon often associated with specific iron acquisition mechanisms. The high-molecular-weight culture supernatant activity was enhanced by the addition of reduced glutathione, was proteinase K sensitive and heat labile, and could utilize ferric chloride, ferric citrate, and human holotransferrin as substrates. The low-molecular-weight culture supernatant activity was resistant to proteinase K digestion. These results are consistent with the expression by H. capsulatum of both enzymatic ferric reductase and nonproteinaceous ferric reductant, both of which are regulated by iron availability. Such components could be involved in fungal acquisition of iron from inorganic or organic ferric salts, fromH. capsulatum hydroxamate siderophores, or from host Fe(III)-binding proteins, such as transferrin.
Management Control Systems

In the current business context, characterized by uncertainty and constant innovation, management control systems may have a prominent role in organizations' success because they can contribute to decision making based on more credible and personalized available information on the origins of both value creation and value destruction. This chapter is about the importance of management control systems to achieve business success and intends to give an insight into the potential contribution of management control instruments to a more effective response to the current challenges of the competitive context and, consequently, to business success.
Cognitive Behavioral Theories Used to Explain Injection Risk Behavior Among Injection Drug Users: A Review and Suggestions for the Integration of Cognitive and Environmental Models

Injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for HIV and viral hepatitis, and risky injection behavior persists despite decades of intervention. Cognitive behavioral theories (CBTs) are commonly used to help understand risky injection behavior. The authors review findings from CBT-based studies of injection risk behavior among IDUs. An extensive literature search was conducted in spring 2007. In total, 33 studies were reviewed— 26 epidemiological and 7 intervention studies. Findings suggest that some theoretical constructs have received fairly consistent support (e.g., self-efficacy, social norms), whereas others have yielded inconsistent or null results (e.g., perceived susceptibility, knowledge, behavioral intentions, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, response efficacy, perceived severity). The authors offer some possible explanations for these inconsistent findings, including differences in theoretical constructs and measures across studies and a need to examine the environmental structures that influence risky behaviors. Greater integration of CBT with a risk environment perspective may yield more conclusive findings and more effective interventions in the future.
Can the ICF osteoarthritis core set represent a future clinical tool in measuring functioning in persons with osteoarthritis undergoing hip and knee joint replacement?

OBJECTIVE To determine the dimensionality, reliability, model fit, adequacy of the qualifier levels, response patterns across different factors, and targeting of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) osteoarthritis core set categories in people with osteoarthritis undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty. METHODS The osteoarthritis core set was rated in 316 persons with osteoarthritis who were either in the pre-operative or within one year post-operative stage. Rasch analyses were performed using the RUMM 2030 program. RESULTS Twelve of the 13 body functions categories and 13 of the 19 activity and participation categories had good model fit. The qualifiers displayed disordered thresholds necessitating rescoring. There was uneven spread of ICF categories across the full range of the patients' scores indicating off--targeting. Subtest analysis of the reduced ICF categories of body functions and activity and participation showed that the two components could be integrated to form one measure. CONCLUSION The results suggest that it is possible to measure functioning using a unidimensional construct based on ICF osteoarthritis core set categories of body functions and activity and participation in this population. However, omission of some categories and reduction in qualifier levels are necessary. Further studies are needed to determine whether better targeting is achieved, particularly during the pre-operative and during the sub-acute care period.
Vibrational analysis of single-layered graphene sheets

A molecular structural mechanics method has been implemented to investigate the vibrational behavior of single-layered graphene sheets. By adopting this approach, mode shapes and natural frequencies are obtained. Vibrational analysis is performed with different chirality and boundary conditions. Numerical results from the atomistic modeling are employed to develop predictive equations via a statistical nonlinear regression model. With the proposed equations, fundamental frequencies of single-layered graphene sheets with considered boundary conditions can be predicted within 3% difference with respect to the atomistic simulation.
Neutrophil function is preserved in a pooled granulocyte component prepared from whole blood donations

Whole blood‐derived granulocytes (buffy coats) are issued as an alternative to apheresis donations, but are heavily contaminated with red cells and platelets and there is minimal in vitro data describing their functionality. We developed a purer pooled granulocyte component (PGC) from whole blood donations by pooling 10 ABO‐matched buffy coats with 400 ml of platelet additive solution (SSP+) and re‐centrifuging. The PGC was irradiated (25–50 Gy) and neutrophil viability, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity were determined by flow cytometry. Results from 13 PGC at 16–20 h following donation were compared with those obtained from 20 standard individual buffy coats and with fresh whole blood. The PGC contained similar numbers of neutrophils (approximately 0·9 × 1010) with a reduced volume and haemoglobin content when compared with 10 individual buffy coats. Neutrophils in the PGC maintained >90% viability, oxidative burst and phagocytic activity and their ability to migrate towards a chemoattractant 16–20 h following donation, which is similar to results obtained with either fresh whole blood or standard buffy coats. Therefore, neutrophil function in the PGC was preserved 16–20 h following donation, but this product had significantly lower red cell contamination compared with 10 buffy coats, which are currently transfused.
Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter Absent from Isolates, Australia

Fluoroquinolone resistance was detected in 12 of 370 Australian human Campylobacter isolates; 10 of these were travel-associated, and for 2 isolates travel status was unknown. No resistance was found in isolates known to be locally acquired. In Australia, fluoroquinolones have not been licensed for use in food production animals, a policy that may have relevance for countries with fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter.
Analysis of drilled holes on Carbon Fibre material with X-ray Computed Tomography

This paper presents the methodology used to investigate numerous drilled holes that have been produced on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) under different parameters. Due to the nature of CFRP, machining processes may cause severe damage such as delamination, which will affect the service life of the parts. The delicate matrix orientation of CFRP determines their properties. These delaminated regions are often inaccessible because they are formed throughout the distance of the machined area and they are usually studied with the help of destructive methods that may destroy some of the investigated defects. X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) can provide precise data of such defects non-destructively. The utilisation of CT allows the identification and examination of all defects and can analyse them automatically, consequently reducing human error. The developed method allows optimum dimensional measurements to be obtained with an automated analysis of image processing. The results of the analysis investigate the inner faults that are common with drilling in CFRP, the deviation of the radius and circularity throughout the hole. In addition, the distance between the actual and intended centre is calculated. The proposed method with the application of CT provides significant, previously unreachable data that can benefit the selection of a machining process.
Ambiguity, Ideology, and Doctrine Propagation in Qur'an Translation

The inability of translators to convey all aspects of the source text is often cited as an inherent flaw of the translation process. For example, with regard to Qur'an translation, the inability of the translator to transfer the linguistic ambiguity inherent in some specific verses, or to find equivalent target-language words for Qur'anic terms, is often seen as a drawback of translation. This is routinely referred to as ‘translation loss’ and is framed in a negative light, on the basis that facets of the source text are lost in translation. However, this article will argue that this limitation of translation can actually provide an advantage for those propagating a particular doctrine. In this sense, ambiguous terms can be exploited to impose on the reader of the target text a singular interpretation derived from a specific doctrine. To demonstrate this notion a number of examples from various English-language Qur'an translations will be presented, such as a variety of translations of khātama'l-nabiyyīn (Q. 33:40) and istawā (Q. 2:29 and Q. 20:5). The discussion will then explore translations of two Qur'anic phrases which have significance to contemporary discourses on Islam, lā taghlū fī dīnikum in Q. 4:171, and wa'ḍribūhunna in Q. 4:34.
Sustainable procurement practice in the public sector: An international comparative study

Public procurement is a significant and yet understudied phenomenon. In light of debates concerning the transparency of public procurement, growing interest in sustainable public procurement as a means to stimulate corporate social responsibility in the private sector, and concerns regarding the competitive impacts of public procurement policies, we explore sustainable procurement practice internationally. In particular, we report the findings of a survey of sustainable procurement practices within a sample of over 280 public procurement practitioners from 20 countries and with collective responsibility for expenditure totalling $45bn. Building upon a conceptual model that emphasises the importance of national policy environments regarding sustainable procurement mediated by a range of organisational contextual factors, our analysis shows that a wide range of sustainable procurement practices are embedded to some degree in public sector procurement practice around the world and that the extent and nature of sustainable procurement practices varies significantly across countries.
Dermatoscopy of Grover's disease and solitary acantholytic dyskeratoma shows a brown, star‐like pattern

1. Kelly JW, Yeatman JM, Regalia C et al. A high incidence of melanoma found in patients with multiple dysplastic naevi by photographic surveillance. Med. J. Aust. 1997; 167: 191–4. 2. Fargo Enterprise. Demystifying D-SLR sensor cleaning. [Internet] Vacaville, CA. 2009. Available from URL: http://www. cleaningdigitalcameras.com (Accessed 8 Aug 2011.). 3. Burroni M, Nami N, Rubegni P. Like milia-like cysts. Skin Res. Technol. 2009; 15: 250–1. 4. Collingwood Camera Clinic. 2009 Melbourne. Imager cleans. [2 screens] Available from URL: http://www.cameraclinic. com.au/index.php/en/imager-cleans (Accessed 28 Aug 2011.).
Bilinexin, a Snake C-type Lectin from Agkistrodon bilineatus Venom Agglutinates Platelets via GPIb and α2β1

Summary A new snake protein, named bilinexin, has been purified from Agkistrodon bilineatus venom by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Under non-reducing conditions it has a mass of 110 kDa protein on SDS-PAGE. On reduction, it can be separated into five subunits with masses in the range 13-25 kDa. The N-terminal sequences of these subunits are very similar to those of convulxin or the alboaggregins, identifying bilinexin as a new member of the snake C-type lectin family, unusual in having multiple subunits. Bilinexin agglutinates fixed platelets, washed platelets and platelet rich plasma (PRP) without obvious activation (shape change) as confirmed by light microscope examination. Both inhibitory and binding studies indicate that antibodies against α2β1 inhibit not only platelet agglutination induced by bilinexin, but also bilinexin binding to platelets. VM16d, a monoclonal anti-GPIbα antibody, completely inhibits platelet agglutination induced by bilinexin, and polyclonal antibodies against GPIbα prevent its binding to platelets. However, neither convulxin, polyclonal anti-GPVI antibodies, nor GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors affect its binding to and agglutination of platelets. Bilinexin neither activates GPIIb/IIIa integrin on platelets nor induces tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet proteins, nor increases intracellular Ca2+ in platelets. Like alboaggregin B, bilinexin agglutinates platelets, which makes it a good tool to investigate the differences in mechanism between snake C-type lectins causing platelet agglutination and those that induce full activation.
Distinct fates of monocytes and T cells directly activated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S

Gram‐negative infections can cause overwhelming inflammatory responses. Although factors other than LPS are clearly involved, these factors and their mechanisms of action have been poorly defined. During studies of LPS‐independent inflammatory responses of the gram‐negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important virulence factor (exoenzyme S) was shown to be a potent mitogen for T cells. The current work demonstrates that exoenzyme S selectively induced transcription and secretion of biologically active cytokines and chemokines (chemotactic for neutrophils and T cells) from monocytes. Exoenzyme S stimulated highly purified monocytes independent of T cells. In addition, exoenzyme S stimulated T cells directly; neither T‐cell activation (CD69) nor apoptosis (hypodiploidy) required the presence of monocytes. However, T‐cell activation was enhanced via a noncontact‐dependent mechanism as a result of the secretion of TNF‐α and IL‐6. This study identifies a unique property of a gram‐negative‐derived microbial product capable of activating multiple cell types and suggests a mechanism by which exoenzyme S contributes to the immunopathogenesis of cystic fibrosis and sepsis in patients infected with P. aeruginosa.
The underwriter's conflict of interest and earnings forecast bias in prospectuses: Evidence from Hong Kong

About 75 percent of the firms that went public on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange voluntarily included earnings forecasts in their prospectuses for the period from 1997 to 2006. Almost all forecasts underestimated actual earnings by an average of 7 percent. Hong Kong has an unique listing requirement that an underwriter issue an opinion report on the earnings forecast in the prospectus. We examine if the underwriter pressures managers to low-ball earnings forecasts in order to underprice the IPO for its institutional investors in exchange for returned trading commissions. We test the effect of the underwriter’s commission rate, reputation, and trading commission from the IPO on the forecast bias in the prospectus. We find that the commission rate and reputation are negatively associated with the forecast bias. By using the 90-day post-IPO trading volume as a proxy for future trading commissions generated from institutional investors, we find that the trading commission is positively associated with the forecast bias. We further find that underpricing is positively associated with the forecast bias, but the effect of the forecast bias on underpricing disappears after controlling for the underwriter’s trading commission, consistent with the conflict of interest hypothesis. Overall, these results are consistent with the predicted effects of the underwriter on earnings forecast bias based on agency theories of Baron (1982) and Loughran and Ritter (2002).
Binocular vision in a virtual world: visual deficits following the wearing of a head‐mounted display

The short‐term effects on binocular stability of wearing a conventional head‐mounted display (HMD) to explore a virtual reality environment were examined. Twenty adult subjects (aged 19–29 years) wore a commercially available HMD for 10 min while cycling around a computer generated 3‐D world. The twin screen presentations were set lo suit the average interpupillary distance of our subject population, to mimic the conditions of public access virtual reality systems. Subjects were examined before and after exposure to the HMD and there were clear signs of induced binocular stress for a number of the subjects. The implications of introducing such HMDs into the workplace and entertainment environments are discussed.
Whole exome sequencing in a patient with uniparental disomy of chromosome 2 and a complex phenotype

Whole exome sequencing and chromosomal microarrays are two powerful technologies that have transformed the ability of researchers to search for potentially causal variants in human disease. This study combines these tools to search for causal variants in a patient found to have maternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 2. This subject has a complex phenotype including skeletal and renal dysplasia, immune deficiencies, growth failure, retinal degeneration and ovarian insufficiency. Eighteen non‐synonymous, rare homozygous variants were identified on chromosome 2. Additionally, five genes with compound heterozygous mutations were detected on other chromosomes that could lead to a disease phenotype independent of the uniparental disomy found in this case. Several candidate genes with potential connection to the phenotype are described but none are definitively proven to be causal. This study highlights the potential for detection of a large number of candidate genes using whole exome sequencing complicating interpretation in both the research and clinical settings. Forums must be created for publication and sharing of detailed phenotypic and genotypic reports to facilitate further biological discoveries and clinical counseling.
The management of people in mergers and acquisitions

Introduction Why Merge If Most Deals Fail? Structure, Function, and Purpose Organizational Culture Human Capital The M&A Process People The Role of Human Resources in M&A Strategy and Execution Leadership Communications Legal Issues Dealing with Employee Benefits in Mergers and Aquisitions Compensation Alternatives (Linking Pay to the New Business Strategy) Methods to Measure HR Success Why Some Mergers Succeed (And How Yours Can Too) Some Stories of Mergers and Acquisitions Appendix 1: HR Due Diligence Issues Guide Appendix 2: Post-Deal Integration Checklist Appendix 3: Model "100-Day" Strategic Plan Appendix 4: Integration/Implementation Plan Appendix 5: Key Post-Merger Employee Survey Questions Appendix 6 Sample Employee Survey Questions Appendix 7: Workforce Reduction Considerations Appendix 8: Guidelines for Handling Employee Termination Meetings Appendix 9: Checklist of Potential Legal Pitfalls in Workforce Reductions