Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Static slicing for pervasive programs

Pervasive programs should be context-aware, which means that program functions should react according to changing environmental conditions. Slicing, as an important class of code analysis techniques, can clarify the dependence between program artifacts and observable system states to facilitate debugging, testing, and other analyses. Existing program slicing techniques, however, do not take the contextual environment into account, resulting in incomplete slices for such kind of program. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a novel static slicing approach. It develops a graphic representation that captures the contexttriggered invocations and the pervasive concurrency features. We have also developed an algorithm to check the propagation dependence in processing inter-thread data dependence. Further optimizations are discussed.
AGN-host connection at 0.5 <z <2.5: A rapid evolution of AGN fraction in red galaxies during the last 10 Gyr

We explore the dependence of the incidence of moderate-luminosity (L 0.5−8 keV = 1041.9−43.7 erg s-1 ) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the distribution of their accretion rates on host color at 0.5 ∗ > 1010 M ⊙ . We use extinction-corrected rest-frame U −V colors to divide both AGN hosts and non-AGN galaxies into red sequence (red), green valley (green), and blue cloud (blue) populations. We find that the fraction of galaxies hosting an AGN at fixed X-ray luminosity increases with stellar mass and redshift for all the three galaxy populations, independent of their colors. However, both the AGN fraction at fixed stellar mass and its evolution with redshift are clearly dependent on host colors. Most notably, red galaxies have the lowest AGN fraction (~5%) at z ~ 1 yet with most rapid evolution with redshift, increasing by a factor of ~5 (24%) at z ~ 2. Green galaxies exhibit the highest AGN fraction across all redshifts, which is most pronounced at z ~ 2 with more than half of them hosting an AGN at M ∗ > 1010.6 M ⊙ . Together with the high AGN fraction in red galaxies at z ~ 2, this indicates that (X-ray) AGNs could be important in both transforming (quenching) star-forming galaxies into quiescent ones and subsequently maintaining their quiescence at high redshift. Furthermore, consistent with previous studies at lower redshifts, we show that the probability of hosting an AGN for the total galaxy population can be characterized by a universal Eddington ratio (as approximated by L X /M ∗ ) distribution (p (λ Edd ) ~ λ Edd -0.4 ), which is independent on host mass. Yet consistent with their different AGN fractions, galaxies with different colors appear to also have different p (λ Edd ) with red galaxies exhibiting more rapid redshift evolution compared with that for green and blue galaxies. Evidence for a steeper power-law distribution of p (λ Edd ) in red galaxies (p (λ Edd ) ~ λ Edd -0.6 ) is also presented, though larger samples are needed to confirm. These results suggest that the AGN accretion or the growth of supermassive black holes is related to their host properties, and may also influence their hosts in a different mode dependent on the host color.
In the Literature The Podocyte Under Stress : AKT 2 to the Rescue

Originally published online January 30, 2014. Address correspondence to Mitchell H. Rosner, MD, Division of Nephrology, Box 800133 HSC, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E-mail: mhr9r@virginia.edu 2014 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. 0272-6386/$36.00 http://dx.doi. org/10.1053/j.ajkd. 2014.01. 008 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a key public health issue. To date, therapeutic approaches to slow the progression of CKD have been marginally successful with the use of agents such as angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors. In part, the rationale for the use of these agents has been the theory that adaptations within the damaged kidney that help maintain kidney function (such as hyperfiltration) in the near term may lead to excessive stress and injury to the remaining functional nephrons over the long run and thus to contribute to progression of CKD. Understanding this stress response, including both the adaptive and maladaptive features, is a key to designing strategies to protect kidney function in the setting of various insults (such as longstanding diabetes, hypertension, and even the normal age-related decline in nephron number). Recently, Canaud et al identified a key pathway, activation of the serine/threonine kinase, AKT2, which is critical to maintaining podocyte viability and function during CKD.
TAXONOMIC GUIDE TO THE GENUS ‘ CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA ’

The category of Candidatus was introduced to allow unambiguous reference to organisms that could not be cultivated in vitro. In plant pathology, a major impact of this novel taxonomic concept was to enable the classification of the diverse group of organisms, morphologically similar to the mycoplasmas, known by the trivial name of phytoplasmas. These plant pathogens were originally named according to the disease they caused. Later, extensive sequence analysis of the ribosomal RNA genes allowed the development of an evolutionbased classification and the grouping of the phytoplasmas into phylogenetically distinct clades. Unfortunately, the phytopathological and the phylogenetic classification did not match and had striking contradictions. With the adoption of the category Candidatus, the description of the genus ‘Ca. Phytoplasma’ and several ‘Ca. Phytoplasma’ species, the scientific community is now attempting to provide a classification that takes into account both the phylogenetic and the biological/ ecological characteristics of the organisms. Here we provide an outline of the characteristics and composition of the genus ‘Ca. Phytoplasma’.
The macrophage activation induced by Bacillus thuringiensis Cry 1 Ac protoxin involves ERK 1 / 2 and p 38 pathways and the interaction with cell-surface-HSP 70 † Running title : pCry 1 Ac and csHSP 70 in macrophage activation

Néstor Rubio-Infante1, Damaris Ilhuicatzi-Alvarado1, Marilu Torres-Martínez1, Juan Pablo Reyes-Grajeda2, Raúl Nava-Acosta1, Edith González-González1 and Leticia Moreno-Fierros*1 1 Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala. Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, México.
Development of time-reversal method for impact source identification on plate structures

This paper presents a detailed study on the impact source identification of a plate structure using time-reversal (T-R) method. Prior to impact monitoring, the plate is calibrated (or characterized) by transfer functions at discrete locations on the plate surface. Both impact location and impact loading time-history are identified using T-R technique and associated signal processing algorithms. Numerical verification for finite-size isotropic plates under low velocity impacts is performed to demonstrate the versatility of T-R method for impact source identification. The tradeoff between accuracy of the impact location detection and calibration spacing is studied in detail. In particular, the effect of plate thickness on calibration spacing has been examined. A number of parameters selected for determining the impact location, approximated transfer functions and steps taken for reconstructing the impact loading time-history are also examined. Two types of noise with various intensities contaminated in strain response and/or transfer functions are investigated for demonstrating the stability and reliability of the T-R method. The results show that T-R method is robust against noise in impact location detection and force reconstruction in circumventing the inherent ill-conditioned inverse problem. Only transfer functions are needed to be calibrated and four sensors are requested in T-R method for impact identification.
Adsorption of acid dye from aqueous solution by chitin: Equilibrium studies

Chitin has the ability to adsorb substantial quantities of dyestuff from aqueous solutions. The design procedures for batch kinetic study have been investigated for an acid dye, Lansayin brown grl. The effect of several factors governing the dye adsorption such as the adsorbent concentration, adsorbent size, temperature and pH of the dye solution have been investigated. Desorption of the dye at different temperatures and pH have also been investigated.
The Informants ’ Target Population : Child Soldiers in the DRC

With this article, we explore how staff working at transit centers and vocational training centers in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo experienced the problems and needs of former child soldiers. We argued that the staff’s experience of the children’s daily lives and their understanding of the sociocultural context of the conflict make their perspective a valuable source of information when trying to understand the phenomenon of child soldiering. Additionally, we reasoned that how the staff frame these children’s problems influences how they attempt to aid the children. We conducted 11 semistructured interviews and analyzed these using a hermeneutical-phenomenological approach. We clustered our findings around six themes: unfavorable contextual factors, acting as if still in the army, addiction, symptoms of psychopathology, social rejection, and reintegration needs. The overarching message we observed was that the informants experienced that former child soldiers require help to be transformed into civilians who participate proactively in their society.
Estimation of the whole‐plant CO2 compensation point of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

The whole‐plant CO2 compensation point (Γplant) is the minimum atmospheric CO2 level required for sustained growth. The minimum CO2 requirement for growth is critical to understanding biosphere feedbacks on the carbon cycle during low CO2 episodes; however, actual values of Γplant remain difficult to calculate. Here, we have estimated Γplant in tobacco by measuring the relative leaf expansion rate at several low levels of atmospheric CO2, and then extrapolating the leaf growth vs. CO2 response to estimate CO2 levels where no growth occurs. Plants were grown under three temperature treatments, 19/15, 25/20 and 30/25°C day/night, and at CO2 levels of 100, 150, 190 and 270 μmol CO2 mol−1 air. Biomass declined with growth CO2 such that Γplant was estimated to be approximately 65 μmol mol−1 for plants grown at 19/15 and 30/25°C. In the first 19 days after germination, plants grown at 100 μmol mol−1 had low growth rates, such that most remained as tiny seedlings (canopy size <1 cm2). Most seedlings grown at 150 μmol mol−1 and 30/25°C also failed to grow beyond the small seedling size by day 19. Plants in all other treatments grew beyond the small seedling size within 3 weeks of planting. Given sufficient time (16 weeks after planting) plants at 100 μmol mol−1 eventually reached a robust size and produced an abundance of viable seed. Photosynthetic acclimation did not increase Rubisco content at low CO2. Instead, Rubisco levels were unchanged except at the 100 and 150 μmol mol−1 where they declined. Chlorophyll content and leaf weight per area declined in the same proportion as Rubisco, indicating that leaves became less expensive to produce. From these results, we conclude that the effects of very low CO2 are most severe during seedling establishment, in large part because CO2 deficiency slows the emergence and expansion of new leaves. Once sufficient leaf area is produced, plants enter the exponential growth phase and acquire sufficient carbon to complete their life cycle, even under warm conditions (30/25°C) and CO2 levels as low as 100 μmol mol−1.
Disaggregate Evidence on the Persistence of Consumer Price Inflation

This paper uses disaggregate inflation data spanning all of consumption to examine: (i) the persistence of disaggregate inflation relative to aggregate inflation; (ii) the distribution of persistence across consumption sectors; and (iii) whether persistence has changed. Assuming mean inflation to be unchanged, disaggregate persistence inflation is consistently below aggregate persistence. Taking into account an early 1990s shift in mean inflation identified by break tests yields much lower estimates of both aggregate and disaggregate persistence for 1984-2002. But with the mean break, average disaggregate persistence is actually as great as aggregate inflation persistence. A factor model provides a natural framework for interpreting the relationship between aggregate and disaggregate persistence. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating Blood Pressure Reductions and Control ( AZTEC ) study Efficacy of amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil in patients with hypertension : the AZOR Trial

The aim of the present study was to use ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) to determine the efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of amlodipine (AML) and olmesartan medoxomil (OM) over the 24-hour dosing interval. This 12-week, titrate-to-goal study was conducted in 185 patients with hypertension. Patients were initially treated with AML 5 mg/ day and uptitrated to AML/OM 5/20, 5/40, and 10/40 mg/day every 3 weeks if mean seated BP (SeBP) was 120/80 mmHg. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline in mean 24-hour systolic BP at week 12 as assessed by ABPM. At baseline, the mean 24-hour ambulatory BP (±standard deviation [SD]) was 144.8±11.1/85.7±7.9 mmHg. At week 12, the change from baseline in mean 24-hour ambulatory BP (±standard error of the mean [SEM]) was 21.4±0.8/ 12.7±0.5 mmHg (p< 0.0001 versus baseline). At baseline, the mean SeBP (±SD) was 158.2±12.6/92.8±8.6 mmHg and at week 12, the mean SeBP change (±SEM) from baseline (last observation carried forward) was 24.1±1.1/ 12.1±0.7 mmHg (p< 0.0001 versus baseline). Proportions of patients achieving mean 24-hour ambulatory BP prespecified study targets were 70.9% (<130/80 mmHg), 48.3% (<125/75 mmHg), and 40.7% (<120/80 mmHg). Cumulatively, 76.8% of patients uptitrated to AML/OM 10/40 mg/day attained an SeBP goal of <140/90 mmHg. The study drug was well tolerated with few adverse events (peripheral edema, 2.2%; dizziness, 1.1%). An AML/OM-based titration regimen effectively reduces BP in patients with hypertension.
Underwater Treadmill Training, Glycemic Control, and Health-Related Fitness in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

The purpose of this study was to document the influence of underwater treadmill training (UTT) on glycemic control and health-related fitness in middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes. Pre- and posttraining measurements of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass (BM), percent body fat (%BF), waist circumference (WC), resting heart rate (RHR), estimated aerobic capacity (VO2max), and concentric peak quadriceps and hamstrings torque were obtained on 7 adults (mean age = 55.3 ± 7.7 years) who participated in 8 weeks (3d∙wk-1) of UTT. Walking speed was initially set at a relative intensity of 40–50% of heart rate reserve (HRR) and gradually raised to 50–70% HRR by week 8. Walking duration of each session was increased from 30 to 60 minutes during the study. Following UTT, reductions (p < .05) occurred in HbA1c, BM, %BF, and WC. In addition, RHR was lower, estimated VO2max was higher, and peak hamstrings torque at 30°∙sec-1, 60°∙sec-1, and 90°∙sec-1 and peak quadriceps torque at 30°∙sec-1 and 60°∙sec-1 were greater after UTT. Our preliminary findings suggest that UTT is a safe and effective modality in controlling blood glucose levels and improving body composition, cardiorespiratory function, and leg strength in middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes.
Contextualizing Team Learning: Implications for Research and Practice

The problem and the solution. Cultural dimensions such as power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity, and cohesiveness all influence team learning processes, conditions, and outcomes. This creates unique and diverse challenges for human resource development professionals working with teams. These challenges require mindful and creative approaches to interventions to facilitating team learning through the use of metaphors and methods of providing for equivocality and anonymity.
Short communication : Aflatoxin M 1

The aim of this study was to detect the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in samples of raw milk (n = 38), UHT milk (n = 12), white pickled cheese (n = 50), and yogurt (n = 50) collected from the anlıurfa city markets and locally produced dairy products by ELISA. The mean contamination rates were 56.74 ± 40.32, 43.1 ± 23.19, 103.2 ± 29.13, and 55.28 ± 12.68 ng/ kg, respectively, for raw milk, UHT milk, white pickled cheese, and yogurt. According to the data, 21 (55%) raw milk, 3 (25%) UHT milk, 10 (20%) white pickled cheese, and 10 (20%) yogurt samples were contaminated with AFM1 over the acceptable levels (≥50 ng/kg), ranging from 0.82 to 130.89 ng/kg. None of the white pickled cheese samples contained AFM1 levels above the Turkish legal limit (250 ng/kg). Consequently, the AFM1 contamination levels determined in this study in white pickled cheese were not considered to pose a serious public health hazard. However, the AFM1 levels in raw and UHT milk and yogurt samples indicate an increased human health risk in Turkey related to high aflatoxin levels. Therefore, milk and dairy products have to be monitored by the Turkish public health authorities continuously to detect AFM1 contamination.
The development of excess skin following bariatric surgery

Individuals who undergo bariatric surgery generally experience rapid and dramatic weight loss. While the weight loss typically confers significant health benefits, an undesirable consequence is often excessive quantities of hanging, surplus skin. Some patients undergo body-contouring surgery (BCS) in order to improve health, mobility, appearance and psychological adjustment. While the majority of post-bariatric patients desire BCS in one or more body regions, a small percentage of patients receive such surgeries. Lack of knowledge about procedures, cost and (in the USA and several other countries) difficulty obtaining insurance reimbursement likely prevents many patients from undergoing BCS. Those who do undergo BCS appear to be at heightened risk for wound-healing complications. Despite these complications, the majority of patients report satisfactory BCS outcomes. The extant literature in this area provides a great deal of information about these issues; nevertheless, additional research is needed to further inform clinical management and improve patient outcomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Experiments on the Difference between Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept

"Willingness to pay" (WTP) and "willingness to accept" (WTA) measures of welfare change have been found to differ substantially when elicited from surveys or experimental market transactions. Conventional economic theory suggests that the difference between WTP and WTA should be smaller than those observed in empirical tests. This study focuses on the hypothesis that the availability of substitutes for the good being evaluated affects the difference between the two measures. The results suggest that the existence of a substitute does reduce the difference between WTP and WTA, however, the difference between these two measures is significant with or without substitutes.
Optimising the Quality of Experience during Channel Zapping

Nowadays various digital television services are available. However, the user of these services experiences longer delays than the traditional analog TV while switching from channel to channel. The digital TV operator usually displays a black screen with the channel number during zapping. However, it could be interesting for the TV viewer, if the operator displays a screen with information instead of just a black screen. This information may be an advertisement, information about the target channel, personalized content of the user etc. In this paper, we describe a subjective experiment where the Quality of Experience (QoE) of channel zapping was quantified, while displaying a random set of advertisement pictures during zapping. It is found that, for longer zapping times, advertisements give better QoE than the black screen. However, when zapping times are small, users prefer a black screen over a glance of an advertisement picture. Based upon our findings we propose a system for optimal zapping experience. The system first estimates the zapping time (per target channel) and then, depending on this estimation, displays either a black screen, a picture or a clip.
New possibilities for the treatment of gastric cancer

Most cases of gastric cancer in Europe are detected in the advanced stages. The recommendations concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures currently in effect were presented during the 1 st St. Gallen EORTC Gastrointestinal Cancer Conference in St. Gallen, in March 2012. The indispensable diagnostic tests are endoscopy with histopathological assessment of endoscopic biopsies, and CT scan of the abdomen and the chest. In the case of locally advanced gastric cancer the basis of treatment is a resection procedure. The type of surgery performed depends on the size of tumour (cT) and the state of lymph nodes (cN). In tumours cT2-4a and/or cN+ a total or subtotal gastrectomy is an obligatory step. Clinical studies carried out recently have confirmed that patients with locally advanced tumours – depth of invasion T2, T3, T4 and/or N+, without the presence of distant metastases – should be eligible to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant therapy following surgical resection after the resection surgery consists in the continuation of chemotherapy or application of radiotherapy. Postoperative chemotherapy prolongs the 5-year survival rate by 13–14%, and the use of adjuvant radiochemotherapy increases the percentage of overall survival by 11%. Streszczenie Rak zolądka w wiekszości przypadkow wykrywany jest w Europie w stadiach zaawansowanych. Aktualnie obowiązujące zalecenia dotyczące postepowania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego zostaly przedstawione podczas pierwszej konferencji EORTC w St. Gallen w marcu 2012 r. Koniecznymi badaniami diagnostycznymi są endoskopia z oceną histopatologiczną wycinkow oraz tomografia komputerowa jamy brzusznej i klatki piersiowej. Podstawą leczenia w przypadkach miejsco wo zaawansowanego raka zolądka jest zabieg resekcyjny. Rodzaj operacji zalezy od wielkości guza (cT) oraz stanu wezlow chlonnych (cN). W guzach cT2-4a i/lub cN+ obowiązuje calkowita lub prawie calkowita resekcja zolądka. W przeprowadzonych w ostatnich latach badaniach klinicznych dowiedziono, ze pacjentow z miejscowo zaawansowanymi nowotworami – glebokie T2, T3, T4 i/lub N+, bez przerzutow odleglych nalezy kwalifikowac do neoadjuwantowej chemioterapii. Leczenie uzupelniające po zabiegu resekcyjnym polega na kontynuowaniu chemioterapii lub zastosowaniu radiochemioterapii. Chemioterapia okolooperacyjna zwieksza odsetek 5-letnich przezyc o 13–14%, a zastosowanie radiochemioterapii uzupelniającej zwieksza odsetek przezyc calkowitych o 11%.