Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH DENTAL CARIES AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS FOR SUAEDA AEGYPTIACA AND CITRUS SINENSIS PLANTS

Studies were carried out to identify 32 bacteria isolated from dental caries belong to the genera : Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Sphingobacterium, Staphylococcus, Leuconostoc, Acinetobacter, Ochrobactrum, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Yersinia, Chromobacterium and 18 isolates were unidentified by Vitek2 compact system. Antibacterial activity of Suaeda aegyptiaca and Citrus sinensis plants was investigated. Peels orange(Citrus sinensis) were extracted with hot water, and then its antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was examined, data demonstrate effect was more against the bacteria Sphingobacterium thalpophilum with zone of inhibition (30 mm at 500mg/ml) concentration whereas aqueous extract of peels orange revealed no effect on the bacterial species (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Ochrobactrum anthropc, Escherichia coli). On the other hand methanol extracts of peels orange had effected on one species only(Citrobacter freundii). The study also indicated that aqueous extract of Suaeda aegyptiaca plant do not effect on all bacterial species tested while methanol extract of Suaeda aegyptiaca revealed activity on the species (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Staphylococcus vitulinus).
Análisis proximal de granos de arroz, frijol, maíz y café comercializados en el mercado Roberto Huembes de Managua

RESUMEN Se realizo el analisis proximal de los granos basicos: arroz, frijol, maiz, asi como del producto primario: cafe, comercializados en el mercado Roberto Huembes de Managua durante epoca de verano, a fin de obtener informacion sobre su composicion nutricional. Las pruebas realizadas fueron: porcentaje de humedad, cenizas, proteinas y grasas. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre los valores obtenidos y los valores de referencias a nivel de Centro America. El frijol distribuido presenta un alto contenido de proteinas (23.87%), al igual que el maiz (8.80%) y el cafe (14.55%), sin embargo el porcentaje de grasa es variante para cada grano aunque en el maiz y el cafe los valores son inferiores a las referencias internacionales (6.58% y 10.03%, respectivamente). En el caso particular del arroz se determino que la variedad estudiada presenta una composicion inferior a los parametros establecidos
Household Technology Use: Integrating Household Life Cycle and the Model of Adoption of Technology in Households

Recently, the model of adoption of technology in households (MATH) was developed and tested in the context of household personal computer (PC) adoption. In this study, we apply MATH to predict personal computer (PC) use. We conducted a nationwide survey including 370 households that owned at least one PC. Results indicate that attitudinal beliefs are extremely important in determining use of a PC in the household. In contrast to previous work examining adopters, normative and control beliefs were not significant in predicting use. Furthermore, several determinants of adoption that were important at different stages of the household life cycle were found nonsignificant in predicting use for the same stages of the household life cycle. Overall, the results demonstrate that the belief structure for household PC use is different from that of household PC adoption. Further, the results provide additional evidence regarding the importance of including household life cycle in studies of household technology adoption and use.
The effect of treadmill incline on maximal oxygen uptake, gas exchange and the metabolic response to exercise in the horse

In healthy man, conditions that change muscle O2 delivery affect the achievable maximum rate of O2 uptake (V̇O2,max) as well as the metabolic (e.g. lactate threshold, LT) and gas exchange (e.g. gas exchange threshold, Tge) responses to incremental exercise. Inclined (I) compared to level (L) running increases locomotory muscle EMG at a given speed in the horse, indicative of elevated metabolic demand. To our knowledge, the effect of treadmill incline on V̇O2,max, LT and Tge has not been addressed in the exercising quadruped. We used blood sampling and breath‐by‐breath expired gas analysis to test the hypothesis that I (10% gradient) would increase V̇O2,max and the rate of O2 uptake (V̇O2) at LT and Tge in six Thoroughbred horses during incremental running to volitional fatigue. V̇O2,max was significantly higher for I (I, 77.8 ± 4.1; L, 65.5 ± 5.3 I min−1; P < 0.05), but peak plasma lactate concentration was not (I, 28.0 ± 3.7; L, 25.9 ± 3.0 mM). Arterial PCO2 increased to 62.1 ± 3.3 and 57.9 ± 2.7 Torr (I vs. L; P < 0.05), yet despite this relative hypoventilation, a distinct Tge was present. This Tge occurred at a significantly different absolute (I, 49.6 ± 3.2; L, 42.4 ± 3.2 I min−1; P < 0.05), but nearly identical relative V̇O2 (I, 63.6 ± 1.2; L, 63.9 ± 1.6% V̇O2,max) in I and L. Similarly, LT occurred at a significantly greater absolute V̇O2 (I, 37.3 ± 2.8; L, 26.9 ± 2.1 1 min−1), but a relative V̇O2 that was not different (I, 47.9 ± 2.1; L, 43.9 ± 4.5% V̇O2,max). In addition, Tge occurred at a significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) absolute and relative V̇O2 than LT for both I and L tests. In conclusion, V̇O2,max is higher during inclined than level running and both LT and Tge in the horse occur at a similar percentage of V̇O2,max irrespective of the absolute level of V̇O2,max. In contrast to humans, LT is a poor analogue of Tge in the horse.
Interactions between the double-stranded RNA-binding proteins TRBP and PACT define the Medipal domain that mediates protein-protein interactions

The double-stranded (ds) RNA binding proteins, TRBP and PACT bind the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR and dsRNA. TRBP inhibits, whereas PACT activates PKR. They have two dsRNA binding domains (dsRBDs) and a C-terminal domain that does not bind RNA. All three domains show a strong homology between the two proteins. Interaction assays by in vitro binding, yeast two-hybrid, and immunoprecipitations show that TRBP and PACT form heterodimers in the absence of dsRNA. In cells, TRBP and PACT colocalize in specific dots of the perinuclear space. Analysis of the individual domains shows that the two dsRBDs of each protein interact with each other. In contrast, the C-terminal domain of PACT homodimerizes and interacts with its homologous region in TRBP, but the same domain in TRBP does not homodimerize. Because the C-terminal domain in TRBP binds to the tumor suppressor Merlin, the RNase III Dicer and PACT, we name it the Merlin Dicer PACT liaison (Medipal) domain. Based on known interactions Medipal is defined as aminoacids 228-366 in TRBP and 195-313 in PACT. TRBP-PACT interaction correlates with an absence of eIF2α activation by PACT, suggesting that the heterodimer does not activate PKR. We propose that the Medipal domain mediates specialized functions through protein-protein interactions and contributes to the RNA interference pathway and to PKR activation.
The Investigation of the Possible Connections between Acculturation and the Acquisition of a Second Language on Libyan Teenage Students

— The study investigates the possible connections between acculturation and the acquisition of a second language on Libyan teenage students in Australia. Specifically, the study examined how various socio-psychological variables influenced English oral proficiency (oral communicative competence and native-like pronunciation) of the participants. In addition, it looked at whether or not SLA affects acculturation towards the target language group. This is achieved by analysing data obtained from semi-structured interviews and oral proficiency interviews. The present study found a definite link between the students’ acculturation process and their oral communicative competence but not native-like pronunciation. The results also provided evidence that SLL process has an impact on integration into the host society as well as the acquisition of a second language culture. Yet, it did not draw a clear conclusion with respect to how such a process affects these aspects.
Testing of cerebral endothelium function with L-arginine after stroke.

BACKGROUND Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation could be impaired during hypoperfusion. L-arginine (L-A), a precursor of nitric oxide, is able to elicit endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. To determine cerebral vascular endothelial function in the early stages after ischemic stroke, we studied cerebrovascular reactivity to L-A with transcranial Doppler (TCD). METHODS The study group consisted of 15 patients with the middle cerebral artery syndrome, aged 57.6+/-9.8 years. They were investigated on days 7 to 10 after ischemic stroke. The control group consisted of 15 healthy volunteers, aged 58+/-10.7 years. All subjects received an intravenous infusion of L-A over 20 min at a rate of 1.5 g/min. The mean arterial velocity (vm) was measured in both middle cerebral arteries by using a bitemporal monitoring system (Multi-Dop X4, DWL). At the same time, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured by Finapres and ECG. The end-tidal CO2 (Et-Co2) was monitored by capnograph. The Vm over 5-min intervals at rest and during the infusion of L-A was determined by using the DWL TCD8 software. RESULTS The Vm significantly increased in both hemispheres of both groups (p=0.00). Vm differences between rest and L-A stimulation were lower in the ischemic hemispheres compared to the healthy ones (p=0.00), but did not differ between the ischemic hemispheres and hemispheres of the healthy group (p>0.05). MAP, HR and Et-Co2 did not change during the infusion (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cerebrovascular reactivity to L-A is impaired in patients with recent stroke. The amino acid could thus be useful in testing endothelium function both in healthy persons and in stroke patients since endothelium dysfunction seems to be an important factor in reperfusion injury.
Alveolar Macrophages Are a Prominent but Nonessential Target for Murine Cytomegalovirus Infecting the Lungs

ABSTRACT Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) infect the lungs and cause pathological damage there in immunocompromised hosts. How lung infection starts is unknown. Inhaled murine CMV (MCMV) directly infected alveolar macrophages (AMs) and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) but not type 1 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC1s). In contrast, herpes simplex virus 1 infected AEC1s and murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) infected AEC1s via AMs. MCMV-infected AMs prominently expressed viral reporter genes from a human CMV IE1 promoter; but most IE1-positive cells were AEC2s, and CD11c-cre mice, which express cre in AMs, switched the fluorochrome expression of <5% of floxed MCMV in the lungs. In contrast, CD11C-cre mice exhibited fluorochrome switching in >90% of floxed MuHV-4 in the lungs and 50% of floxed MCMV in the blood. AM depletion increased MCMV titers in the lung during the acute phase of infection. Thus, the influence of AMs was more restrictive than permissive. Circulating monocytes entered infected lungs in large numbers and became infected, but not directly; infection occurred mainly via AEC2s. Mice infected with an MCMV mutant lacking its m131/m129 chemokine homolog, which promotes macrophage infection, showed levels of lung infection equivalent to those of wild-type MCMV-infected mice. The level of lung infiltration by Gr-1-positive cells infected with the MCMV m131/m129-null mutant was modestly different from that for wild-type MCMV-infected lungs. These results are consistent with myeloid cells mainly disseminating MCMV from the lungs, whereas AEC2s provide local amplification. IMPORTANCE Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) chronically and systemically infect most mammals. Human CMV infection is usually asymptomatic but causes lung disease in people with poor immune function. As human infection is hard to analyze, studies with related animal viruses provide important insights. We show that murine CMV has two targets in the lungs: macrophages and surfactant-secreting epithelial cells. Acute virus replication occurred largely in epithelial cells. Macrophages had an important defensive role, as their removal increased the level of infection. These results establish the dual nature of lung infection, with local virus replication occurring in epithelial cells and spread occurring via quiescently infected macrophages. Distinct therapies may be needed to target these contrasting events.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus tricyclic and heterocyclic antidepressants: comparison of drug adherence.

BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are thought to have better discontinuation rates (i.e. less people dropping out) than tricyclic and heterocyclic antidepressant drugs. It is important to quantify the drop-out rates of different antidepressant drugs in order to have a better understanding of the relative tolerability of these drugs. OBJECTIVES To assess the comparative tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic/heterocyclic antidepressant drugs. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Registers (1997 to 1999), MEDLINE (1966 to 1999), EMBASE (1974 to 1999) We also searched specialist journals, the reference lists of relevant papers and previous systematic reviews, conference abstracts and government documents. Representatives of the pharmaceutical industry were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA Parallel group randomised controlled trials comparing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with tricyclic or heterocyclic antidepressants in people with depression. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently extracted data and a third reviewer checked any cases of disagreement. MAIN RESULTS We included 136 trials. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors showed less participants dropping out compared to the tricyclic/heterocyclic group (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.30). A statistically significant difference was found in total drop-outs between the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the old tricyclics as well as the newer tricyclics. When the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were compared to the heterocyclic antidepressants, there was a non significant difference favouring the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The poor tolerability profile of the old tricyclics was explained by differences in drop-outs for side-effects, but not for inefficacy. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Whilst selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors do appear to show an advantage over tricyclic drugs in terms of total drop-outs, this advantage is relatively modest. This has implications for pharmaco-economic models, some of which may have overestimated the difference of drop-out rates between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antdepressants. These results are based on short-term randomised controlled trials, and may not generalise into clinical practice.
Norepinephrine Metabolism in Brainstem of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Concentrations of norepinephrine in lower brainstem and hypothalamus of genetically hypertensive rats are significantly lower than in control rats. There is a concomitant reduction (50 percent) in aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase but not in tyrosine hydroxylase activity. A possible relation of this central catecholamine deficiency to the hypertension is discussed.
CSR Reporting Practices in Visegrad Group Countries and the Quality of Disclosure

Companies around the world more often issue publicly available reports to disclose how responsibly they conduct their business. The practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting are more popular in western part of Europe then in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries and empirical studies related to these practices in the region are sporadic and fragmented. The Visegrad Group countries have undergone tremendous changes in political, environmental and social area during the last twenty years. The CSR concept in these countries is relatively new but is rapidly spreading, in particular as part of their integration with the European Union, as well as under the influence of transnational corporations (TNCs) and foreign investors. Therefore, acquisition of knowledge, which presents the functioning of CSR reporting practices in the region seems to be of interest to both the scientific community and enterprises themselves. An important part of the analysis conducted in the study was the assessment of quality of CSR reports issued in this region. The quality indicator of the studied reports was based on seventeen criteria related to relevance and credibility of disclosed information. The findings indicate that CSR reporting practices are not widespread among V4 countries and suggest some area of improvements. Furthermore, the achieved results confirm the existence of a relationship between two factors (external verification of a report and usage of the GRI guidelines when developing a report) and the level of quality of the CSR report.
Automatic generation of memory built-in self-repair circuits in SOCs for minimizing test time and area cost

Built-in self-repair (BISR) techniques are widely used to enhance the yield of memories in a system-on-chip (SOC). A SOC typically consists of hundreds of memories. Cost-efficient BISR schemes for repairing those memories thus are imperative. In this paper, we propose a memory BISR automatic generation (MBAG) framework for designing memory BISR circuits in a SOC. The MBAG framework consists of a test scheduling engine and a memory grouping engine for the minimization of test time and area cost of the BISR circuits. The test scheduling algorithm has been presented in our previous work [1]. In this paper, therefore, we focus on the introduction of the grouping algorithm determining the memories which can share a BISR circuit under the constraints of distance and scheduling results. Simulation results show that the proposed MBAG can generate reconfigurable BISR circuits for 20 memories such that 50% area reduction is achieved in comparison with a dedicated BISR scheme if the distance constraint is 3mm and the test power constraint is 80mW.
Twisted gastrulation promotes BMP signaling in zebrafish dorsal-ventral axial patterning

In vertebrates and invertebrates, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway patterns cell fates along the dorsoventral (DV) axis. In vertebrates, BMP signaling specifies ventral cell fates, whereas restriction of BMP signaling by extracellular antagonists allows specification of dorsal fates. In misexpression assays, the conserved extracellular factor Twisted gastrulation (Tsg) is reported to both promote and antagonize BMP signaling in DV patterning. To investigate the role of endogenous Tsg in early DV patterning, we performed morpholino (MO)-based knockdown studies of Tsg1 in zebrafish. We found that loss of tsg1 results in a moderately strong dorsalization of the embryonic axis, suggesting that Tsg1 promotes ventral fates. Knockdown of tsg1 combined with loss of function of the BMP agonist tolloid (mini fin) or heterozygosity for the ligand bmp2b (swirl) enhanced dorsalization, supporting a role for Tsg1 in specifying ventral cell fates as a BMP signaling agonist. Moreover, loss of tsg1 partially suppressed the ventralized phenotypes of mutants of the BMP antagonists Chordin or Sizzled (Ogon). Our results support a model in which zebrafish Tsg1 promotes BMP signaling, and thus ventral cell fates, during DV axial patterning.
Attitudes About Palliative Care

Introduction: Pediatric critical care and oncology providers care for patients who have life-threatening or serious illness, yet they receive little palliative care education. Objective: Compare oncology and critical care providers’ attitudes regarding palliative care. Methods: An electronic survey assessed respondents’ opinions of whether, when, and why palliative care should be utilized. Results: Response rate was 49%. Critical care physicians were more likely to incorporate palliative care for psychosocial support; oncologists for symptom control. Those with palliative care education were more likely to involve in palliative care, did so earlier and for reasons other than end-of-life planning. Conclusions: Oncology and critical care providers utilized palliative care for different reasons.
scid mutation in mice confers hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and a deficiency in DNA double-strand break repair.

C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice carry the scid mutation and are severely deficient in both T cell- and B cell-mediated immunity, apparently as a result of defective V(D)J joining of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene elements. In the present studies, we have defined the tissue, cellular, and molecular basis of another characteristic of these mice: their hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. Bone marrow stem cells, intestinal crypt cells, and epithelial skin cells from scid mice are 2- to 3-fold more sensitive when irradiated in situ than are congenic BALB/c or C.B-17 controls. Two independently isolated embryo fibroblastic scid mouse cell lines display similar hypersensitivities to gamma-rays. In addition, these cell lines are sensitive to cell killing by bleomycin, which also produces DNA strand breaks, but not by the DNA crosslinking agent mitomycin C or UV irradiation. Measurement of the rejoining of gamma-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicates that these animals are defective in this repair system. This suggests that the gamma-ray sensitivity of the scid mouse fibroblasts could be the result of reduced repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Therefore, a common factor may participate in both the repair of DNA double-strand breaks as well as V(D)J rejoining during lymphocyte development. This murine autosomal recessive mutation should prove extremely useful in fundamental studies of radiation-induced DNA damage and repair.
Relationships between insight and medication adherence in outpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Prospective study

Abstract The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between insight and medication adherence at index interview and at 1‐year follow‐up interview in bipolar and schizophrenic outpatients. The Schedule for Assessment of Insight (SAI) and its expanded version (SAI‐E) were used to provide a baseline insight score for 65 bipolar subjects and 74 schizophrenic subjects considered to be in remission or to have minimal psychopathology. Medication adherence of subjects was assessed at index interview and at 1‐year follow‐up interview, and the association between insight and medication adherence was analyzed cross‐sectionally and prospectively. The results of the analysis reveal that in bipolar subjects, the index SAI scores for insight into treatment, mental‐health status and psychotic experiences, and total SAI‐E were positively correlated with medication adherence at both index and 1‐year follow‐up interviews. However, in schizophrenic subjects, insight into treatment and total SAI‐E correlated positively with medication adherence at index interview but not at 1‐year follow‐up interview. Medication adherence at index interview could predict medication adherence 1 year later in both bipolar and schizophrenic subjects. These results indicate that the predictive value of insight for medication adherence differs between bipolar and schizophrenic patients, and building insight is an important step for establishing medication adherence in bipolar patients.