Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The interaction between parental behavior and motivations to drink alcohol in high school students

ABSTRACT Background Alcohol use during adolescence has been predicted by motives to drink or abstain, as well as parental attitudes to youth drinking. As peers can provide access and opportunities to drink, permissiveness of peers’ parents toward alcohol is also of importance. Objectives We examined whether adolescent alcohol use is predicted by motives to drink or abstain, strictness of one’s own parents, alcohol permissiveness by peers’ parents, and an interaction between these factors. Method A sample of high school students from the Pacific Northwest (N = 1056; 49% girls; m age = 15.6) completed alcohol use and parenting measures, the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised, and the Motives for Abstaining from Alcohol Questionnaire. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression model examined the combined influence of motives, parent’s strictness, and peer’s parents’ permissiveness on past month use. Results Parental permissiveness was associated with higher rates of drinking among students with low (but not high) conformity motives and motives to abstain. Higher parental permissiveness was associated with higher rates of drinking among students with low (but not high) coping motives. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that parental strictness regarding teen alcohol use extends beyond the family unit to influence adolescent drinking in the broader social network. Parents may have a limited capacity to deter drinking through setting rules and expectations for adolescents who are motived to drink to conform but such limit setting maybe particularly helpful for youth with fewer motives to abstain.
Quantifying pluripotency landscape of cell differentiation from scRNA-seq data by continuous birth-death process

Modeling cell differentiation from omics data is an essential problem in systems biology research. Although many algorithms have been established to analyze scRNA-seq data, approaches to infer the pseudo-time of cells or quantify their potency have not yet been satisfactorily solved. Here, we propose the Landscape of Differentiation Dynamics (LDD) method, which calculates cell potentials and constructs their differentiation landscape by a continuous birth-death process from scRNA-seq data. From the viewpoint of stochastic dynamics, we exploited the features of the differentiation process and quantified the differentiation landscape based on the source-sink diffusion process. In comparison with other scRNA-seq methods in seven benchmark datasets, we found that LDD could accurately and efficiently build the evolution tree of cells with pseudo-time, in particular quantifying their differentiation landscape in terms of potency. This study provides not only a computational tool to quantify cell potency or the Waddington potential landscape based on scRNA-seq data, but also novel insights to understand the cell differentiation process from a dynamic perspective.
A Pilot Study on Sleep Quality, Forgiveness, Religion, Spirituality, and General Health of Women Living in a Homeless Mission

This cross-sectional pilot study evaluated associations between religion/spirituality, forgiveness, sleep, and health, which were all highly correlated for adult women living in a homeless mission. While causation cannot be determined, these findings help to provide a theoretical framework for studies with stronger designs, prospective measurements, and larger sample sizes.
Factors Influencing Food Service Provision Decisions in Centre-based Early Childhood Education and Care Services: Cooks' Perspective.

ISSUE ADDRESSED Considerable public effort has been directed at centre-based childcare as an early childhood education and care (ECEC) setting to promote healthy food-related behaviours in young children. However, in the real-world setting, best practice, evidence-based guidelines are not always well translated into usual, day-to-day routines. This study aims to understand what factors influence centre-based childcare cooks' food and nutrition decisions for children aged 2-5 years. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with cooks in centre-based childcare using purposeful maximum variation sampling and data analysed thematically. RESULTS Fourteen cooks were interviewed from 14 services across South Australia. Central to providing a healthy food environment was expert-led knowledge and training gained through the workplace over several years and the embodiment of the service's healthy food and nutrition policy, evidenced through menu-planning to maintain a focus on healthy eating. Threatening these positive, routine practices and decisions were pressures to modify menus in response to increasing food allergies and changing cultural and family preferences, in the absence of ongoing relevant training and expertise at the system-level. CONCLUSIONS Children in ECEC benefit from cooks' commitment to providing nutritious foods, however, the requirements to extend their role to respond to increasing demands without relevant system-level support and training puts the children at risk of not being exposed to health-promoting menus and possible errors in providing dietary modifications. ECEC cooks urgently need access to system-level support and training. SO WHAT Understanding and addressing the barriers experienced by cooks and the complexity of factors that inform their food-related decision-making will sustain the implementation of effective, healthy eating guidelines and nutrition practices in ECEC.
Pedicled or Skeletonized?: A Review of the Internal Thoracic Artery Graft

The internal thoracic artery is the gold-standard conduit for coronary artery bypass surgery. Until recently, it was used almost exclusively as a pedicle, with construction of 1 distal anastomosis. Skeletonization of the internal thoracic artery has recently been advocated in order to increase the number of arterial anastomoses and decrease the occurrence of sternal wound infections. When skeletonized, the vessel loses its “milieu”, which raises the question of whether this technique sacrifices the superior longevity of the conduit. The current status of research on the effects of skeletonization (depriving the internal thoracic artery of vasa vasorum, innervation, and lymphatic and venous drainage, together with creating an imbalance between vasoconstricting and vasodilating substances) appears to support the superiority of the pedicled graft. Long-term patency studies of the skeletonized ITA, with meticulous follow-up and confirmation by angiography, are not currently available. Theoretically, skeletonization of the ITA might adversely affect its long-term resistance to atherosclerosis. More data are needed before this technique can be universally recommended. If the skeletonized ITA has decreased long-term patency, bypass surgery may be at a disadvantage when compared with the new generation of drug-eluting stents. (Tex Heart Inst J 2003;30:170–5)
Association between sustainable dietary patterns and body weight, overweight, and obesity risk in the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort.

BACKGROUND Improving the sustainability of current food systems may prevent future public health, environmental, and social concerns. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the associations between sustainable dietary patterns, assessed using the Sustainable Diet Index (SDI), and the risk of obesity, overweight, and weight gain in French adults, with a prospective design. METHODS In 2014, the SDI was computed among 15,626 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study (of whom 76% were women) using data collected within the BioNutriNet project. The SDI ranges from 4 (lowest sustainability) to 20 points and includes 4 subindexes representing the 4 pillars of a sustainable diet. Longitudinal data of weight and height were collected yearly from 2014 to 2018. We used mixed models to estimate the associations between sex-specific quintiles (Qs) of the SDI and weight change and Cox proportional hazard models with different levels of adjustments to assess the association between sex-specific Qs of the SDI and risk of obesity and overweight (mean follow-up time: 2.8 y). RESULTS At baseline, a higher percentage of participants with overweight was observed in the first SDI Q, reflecting the lowest sustainable dietary patterns (Q1), than in Q5 (29.83% compared with 12.71%). Compared with Q5, a slight increase (at the population level) of almost 160 g/y was observed in Q1, whereas weight remained relatively stable among participants in other Qs. In total, 281 incident cases of obesity and 777 cases of overweight were identified during the follow-up. Participants in Q1 had a higher risk of obesity and overweight than participants in Q5 (HR comparing Q1 with Q5: 4.03; 95% CI: 2.42, 6.10; P-trend < 0.001; and HR comparing Q1 with Q5: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.95; P-trend < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The findings support a potential protective role for more sustainable diets to prevent the risk of weight gain, overweight, and obesity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.
Loss of the ribosomal RNA methyltransferase NSUN5 impairs global protein synthesis and normal growth

Abstract Modifications of ribosomal RNA expand the nucleotide repertoire and thereby contribute to ribosome heterogeneity and translational regulation of gene expression. One particular m5C modification of 25S ribosomal RNA, which is introduced by Rcm1p, was previously shown to modulate stress responses and lifespan in yeast and other small organisms. Here, we report that NSUN5 is the functional orthologue of Rcm1p, introducing m5C3782 into human and m5C3438 into mouse 28S ribosomal RNA. Haploinsufficiency of the NSUN5 gene in fibroblasts from William Beuren syndrome patients causes partial loss of this modification. The N-terminal domain of NSUN5 is required for targeting to nucleoli, while two evolutionary highly conserved cysteines mediate catalysis. Phenotypic consequences of NSUN5 deficiency in mammalian cells include decreased proliferation and size, which can be attributed to a reduction in total protein synthesis by altered ribosomes. Strikingly, Nsun5 knockout in mice causes decreased body weight and lean mass without alterations in food intake, as well as a trend towards reduced protein synthesis in several tissues. Together, our findings emphasize the importance of single RNA modifications for ribosome function and normal cellular and organismal physiology.
Feasibility and acceptability of i‐Restoring Body Image after Cancer (i‐ReBIC): A pilot trial for female cancer survivors

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and psychosocial outcomes of a text‐based online group therapy intervention, i‐Restoring Body Image after Cancer (i‐ReBIC). i‐ReBIC was developed to reduce body image distress and psychosexual dysfunction among women diagnosed and treated for breast or gynecological cancer.
Variant analysis of PEX11B gene from a family with peroxisome biogenesis disorder 14B by whole exome sequencing

Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 14B (PBD14B) is an autosomal recessive peroxisome biogenesis disorder characterized clinically by mild intellectual disability, congenital cataracts, progressive hearing loss, and polyneuropathy peroxisome biogenesis disorders are genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by biallelic mutations in peroxin (PEX) genes.
Human Plasma BDNF Is Associated With Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex Functional Connectivity and Problem Drinking Behaviors

Abstract Background Preclinical studies suggest that decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the amygdala play a role in anxiety and alcohol use disorder. The association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and amygdala function in humans with alcohol use disorder is still unclear, although neuroimaging studies have also implicated the amygdala in alcohol use disorder and suggest that alcohol use disorder is associated with disrupted functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex during aversive states. Methods The current study investigated whether plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in individuals with and without alcohol use disorder (n = 57) were associated with individual differences in amygdala reactivity and amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity during 2 forms of aversive responding captured via functional magnetic resonance imaging: anxiety elicited by unpredictable threat of shock and fear elicited by predictable threat of shock. We also examined whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor and brain function were associated with binge drinking episodes and alcohol use disorder age of onset. Results During anxiety, but not fear, lower levels of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor were associated with less connectivity between the left amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, within individuals with alcohol use disorder (only), lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity during anxiety were associated with more binge episodes within the past 60 days and a lower age of alcohol use disorder onset. There were no associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and focal amygdala task reactivity. Conclusions Together, the results indicate that plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are related to amygdala circuit functioning in humans, particularly during anxiety, and these individual differences may relate to drinking behaviors.
Neurocognitive findings in young adults with binge eating disorder

Abstract Objectives: Binge-eating disorder (BED) has been associated with cognitive impairment, including on measures of impulsivity, but it is not clear in prior literature whether these deficits may have been associated with obesity, rather than BED per se. Impulsivity may play a role in predisposing people towards BED as well as in the chronicity of symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine cognitive functions between BED and healthy controls matched for age, gender, and body mass indices. Methods: Individuals with BED and healthy controls were recruited from the general community using media advertisements. After providing informed consent, study participants completed a clinical interview and computerised neuropsychological testing. Group differences were analysed. Results: Groups did not differ significantly on age, gender, education levels, or body mass indices. The BED group (N = 17) exhibited significantly impaired stop-signal response inhibition (Stop-Signal Task) and executive planning (Stockings of Cambridge Task) compared to healthy controls (N = 17). Spatial working memory and set-shifting were intact. Discussion: BED appears to be associated with motor disinhibition and impaired executive planning even controlling for obesity. Longitudinal work is needed to clarify whether motor impulsivity predisposes people to BED, and/or contributes to persistence of symptoms over time. Key points Binge-eating disorder is common, under-recognised, and associated with untoward physical and health sequelae. The neurobiological basis of binge-eating disorder is unclear; cognitive testing may offer insights. Many prior cognitive studies have not controlled for potential confounds, especially group differences in body mass indices (BMI). Obesity in itself has been linked with cognitive dysfunction. Here, we compared cognition between people with binge-eating disorder and controls, matched for BMI and other measures. Binge-eating disorder was associated with impaired response inhibition and executive planning. These results inform neurobiological models of binge-eating disorder and may suggest new treatment targets for this condition.
Long-term outcomes of HIV-infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy after transferring out of an integrated maternal and child health service in South Africa.

BACKGROUND Integrated maternal and child health (MCH) services improve women's postpartum antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes during breastfeeding, however long-term outcomes after transfer to general ART services remain unknown. METHODS The MCH-ART trial demonstrated that maternal retention and viral suppression at 12 months postpartum were improved significantly among women randomized to integrated MCH services continued in the antenatal clinic through cessation of breastfeeding (MCH-ART arm) compared to immediate transfer to general ART services postpartum (standard of care [SOC]). We reviewed electronic health records for all women who participated in the MCH-ART trial to ascertain retention and gaps in care and invited all women for a study visit 36-60 months postpartum including viral load testing. RESULTS Of 471 women in MCH-ART, 450 (96%) contributed electronic health record data and 353 (75%) completed the study visit (median 44 months postpartum). At this time, outcomes were identical in both trial arms: 67% retained in care (p=0.994); 56% with viral loads <50 copies/mL (p=0.751). Experiencing a gap in care after delivery was delayed in the MCH-ART arm with 17%, 36% and 45% of women experienced a gap in care by 12, 24, and 36 months postpartum compared to 35%, 48% and 57% in the SOC arm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of integrated maternal HIV and child health care did not persist after transfer to general ART services. The transfer of women postpartum to routine adult care is a critical period requiring interventions to support continuity of HIV care.
Vascular endothelial growth factor A isoforms modulate follicle development in peripubertal heifers independent of diet through diverse signal transduction pathways

Abstract Follicular progression during peripuberty is affected by diet. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) induces follicle progression in many species; however, there are limited studies to determine if diet may alter the effects of angiogenic VEGFA165-stimulated follicle progression or antiangiogenic VEGFA165b follicle arrest. We hypothesized that diet affects the magnitude of angiogenic and antiangiogenic VEGFA isoform actions on follicular development through diverse signal transduction pathways. To test this hypothesis, beef heifers in our first trial received Stair-Step (restricted and refeeding) or control diets from 8 to 13 months of age. Ovaries were collected to determine follicle stages, measure vascular gene expression and conduct ovarian cortical cultures. Ovarian cortical cultures were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (control), 50 ng/ml VEGFA165, VEGFA165b, or VEGFA165 + VEGFA165b. The Stair-Step heifers had more primordial follicles (P < 0.0001), greater messenger RNA abundance of vascular markers VE-cadherin (P < 0.0001) and NRP-1 (P < 0.0051) than controls at 13 months of age prior to culture. After culture, VEGFA isoforms had similar effects, independent of diet, where VEGFA165 stimulated and VEGFA165b inhibited VEGFA165-stimulated follicle progression from early primary to antral follicle stages. In vitro cultures were treated with VEGFA isoforms and signal transduction array plates were evaluated. VEGFA165 stimulated expression of genes related to cell cycle, cell proliferation, and growth while VEGFA165b inhibited expression of those genes. Thus, VEGFA isoforms can act independently of diet to alter follicle progression or arrest. Furthermore, follicle progression can be stimulated by VEGFA165 and inhibited by VEGFA165b through diverse signal transduction pathways. Summary Sentence Prepubertal in vivo diets do not affect in vitro VEGFA isoforms ability to inhibit or progress follicles by diverse signal transduction pathways in bovine cortex tissue.
Impact of academic psychological capital on academic achievement among university undergraduates: Roles of flow and self-handicapping behavior.

The present research explored the mediating roles of flow and self-handicapping behaviors in the relationship between academic psychological capital (PsyCap) and academic achievement in a purposive sample of university undergraduates (N = 300). Components of academic PsyCap were measured with the Perceived Self-efficacy subscale of the Student Approaches to Learning Scale, the Life Orientation Test - Academics, the Academic Hope Scale, and the Academic Resilience Scale. Flow and self-handicapping behaviors were measured with the Flow Short Scale and the Self-handicapping Scale Revised, respectively. Students' cumulative grade point averages (CGPAs) in the previous semester were taken as an index of their academic achievement. The measurement model of the study revealed a good fit to the data and the structural model indicated the positive direct effects of academic PsyCap and flow and the negative effect of self-handicapping behaviors on academic achievement. Both flow and self-handicapping behaviors demonstrated a parallel mediation between academic PsyCap and CGPA such that academic PsyCap decreased self-handicapping behaviors, which in turn resulted in improved CGPA; on the other hand, academic PsyCap enhanced the flow experience, which led to improved academic achievement. Implications of the study and recommendations for future research are reflected upon.
Mammalian TRP ion channels are insensitive to membrane stretch

ABSTRACT TRP channels of the transient receptor potential ion channel superfamily are involved in a wide variety of mechanosensory processes, including touch sensation, pain, blood pressure regulation, bone loading and detection of cerebrospinal fluid flow. However, in many instances it is unclear whether TRP channels are the primary transducers of mechanical force in these processes. In this study, we tested stretch activation of eleven TRP channels from six mammalian subfamilies. We found that these TRP channels were insensitive to short membrane stretches in cellular systems. Furthermore, we purified TRPC6 and demonstrated its insensitivity to stretch in liposomes, an artificial bilayer system free from cellular components. Additionally, we demonstrated that, when expressed in C. elegans neurons, mouse TRPC6 restores the mechanoresponse of a touch insensitive mutant but requires diacylglycerol for activation. These results strongly suggest that the mammalian members of the TRP ion channel family are insensitive to tension induced by cell membrane stretching and, thus, are more likely to be activated by cytoplasmic tethers or downstream components and to act as amplifiers of cellular mechanosensory signaling cascades. Summary: Mammalian TRP ion channels are insensitive to membrane stretch, suggesting that they function as secondary – rather than primary – mechanotransducers in cellular mechanotransduction processes.