Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compulsory Purchase: - Reasonable and Fair Compensation

Swedish law provides that compensation for compulsory purchase – in some cases – shall be decided according to the following general principle: The compensation should correspond to the price that could have been expected if it had been a "normal voluntary transaction". However, in those specific situations where compulsory purchase applies, there is always a lack of empirical data of price levels in voluntary agreements. In this article we enlighten the problem through bargaining experiments with buyers and sellers. We provide experimental evidence from Sweden indicating that the price level – or the profit-sharing between buyer and seller – depends on the context and what is judged to be reasonable principles of fair distribution.
Effect of Homa organic farming on growth, yield and quality parameters of Okra

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2012 to study the biochemical efficacy of Homa organic farming practices in okra (Abelomoschus esculentus var. Arka Anamika) and laid out in randomized block design with 18 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consist of control treatments i.e. conventional control and homa control; homa treatments (Agnihotra and Om Tryambakam homa) and non-homa treatments; and liquid organic manures viz, Panchagavya, Jeevamruta and Gloria Biosol for soil and foliar application. Among the control treatments, organic control recorded highest growth, yield and quality parameters than other controls. Soil and foliar application of Gloria Biosol was significantly superior over all the treatments in terms of growth, yield and quality attributes and recorded 20.28% more plant height and 21.41% more yield than organic control treatments. Ascorbic acid and free total phenol content of okra fruits in homa treatments were also significantly superior over all the treat-ments and recorded 15.45% and 5.33% more over organic control, respectively. Thus, it may be recommended that soil and foliar application of Gloria Biosol, among all the Homa organic treatments, will give the better crop produc-tivity and its produce quality.
How smart are electricity users with ‘Smart Metering’? A Behavioural Economics experiment

The purpose of this paper is to examine how behavioural biases affect consumers’ response to energy-use information provided through smart meters (SM). We take insights from behavioural economics and carry out two real-life experiments with SMs and electricity users. The experiments were conducted in Copenhagen (Denmark) to identify and assess the potential of two economic behavioural biases, salience and loss aversion. The results of the first experiment (i.e. installation of SM without further intervention) generally aligned with electricity use reductions found in previous research, and indicate that it may be reasonable to expect a reduction in electricity use in the medium-term (weeks/months) of ~5-7% approximately. Results of the second experiment (i.e. introduction of SM with and without intervention) show that subjecting participants to loss aversion and salience seems to affect their behaviour toward electricity use, as the intervention group reduced their consumption roughly twice as much as the reference group. With due limitations, the results suggest that the delivery of information to energy users needs to take into account not only its pure provision, but how it is designed, framed and presented. At all events, the results and reviewed studies strongly suggest that increased energy efficiency and energy conservation need to be addressed with a mix of policies – not only information schemes or the provision of feedback alone. (Less)
PIGMENT PRODUCTION FROM TRICHODERMA SPP . FOR DYEING OF SILK AND WOOL

There are many areas of application of biotechnology in the textile industry, one of which is production of novel colorants using microorganisms that have certain distinct advantage over those produced from plants and animals. The present study is an attempt to isolate and optimize the fermentation condition of Trichoderma spp.to explore the possibility of extracting colors and its application in terms of dyeing silk and wool fabrics. It was found that the optimum culture cond itions for Trichoderma spp . waspotatodextrose broth at a temperature of 28∫C in 25 days in static conditions. Dyed samples were also evaluated in terms of percentage absorption and color value which was found to be greater for wool than silk. The fastness test of the final dyed samples revealed to have good to excellent fastness for washing and rubbing . Trichoderma spp.has demonstrated antifungal property.
Anti-diabetic effect of Cyclo-His-Pro (CHP)-enriched yeast hydrolysate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of the daily oral dose of 0.50 to 0.75 g/kg of yeast hydrolysate (YH) containing high Cyclo-His-Pro (51.0 mg CHP/g YH) on normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 14 days. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, after administrations of the YH for 14 days, the body weight gain was significantly increased in dose dependent manner, and the plasma glucose levels were decreased approximately (60%) as compared to the STZ induced diabetic control group. Glucose level showed significant differences between the diabetic control (DC) and the YH administered groups in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ( P <0.05). Results of the OGTT showed a significant decrease in the area under curve (AUC) value of YH supplemented groups as compared to the DC group. The present data suggests that the CHP-enriched YH has potential anti-diabetic effect, which can help in the cure and management of diabetes. Keywords: Yeast hydrolysate, Cyclo-His-Pro (CHP), diabetes, streptozotocin. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(35), pp. 5473-5479
Media Coverage and Framing of Cultural Practices that Target Nigerian Women

This study examines media coverage of unwholesome cultural practices with regard to women in Nigeria and its inherent framing patterns. Contents of five dominant broadcast and print media– Africa Independent Television (AIT), Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), Vanguard, The Nation and Daily Sun were investigated while 121 media practitioners responded to questionnaire items in Rivers State, a political subdivision in the southern part of the country. Findings show an insignificant coverage of the cultural practices that denigrate women while the framing patterns exhibit a non-condemnatory stance. These unimpressive outcomes are upshots of reporters’ low awareness profile of the issue, patriarchy and advertisers’ lack of interest. Journalists will need to be sensitized toward these negative cultural practices to enhance their coverage and creation of framing patterns that favor of women.
The Bank Lending Channel: Evidence from Australia

This study explores how monetary policy changes flow through the banking sector in Australia. Drawing on data between 2004 and 2010, we divide banks into three groups according to their size, and examine the impact of that cash rate change on lending of different types of loans. We find the response of bank lending after a monetary policy change varies with the size of the bank as well as the types of loan. Smaller banks are more sensitive to policy rate changes, and household loans, government loans and intra-group loans are less responsive to monetary policy compared with financial and non-financial loans. This article is available in Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal: http://ro.uow. edu.au/aabfj/vol8/iss2/6 71 The Bank Lending Channel: Evidence from Australia Xin Deng1& Luke Liu2
Chemical derivatization for the analysis of drugs by GC-MS - A conceptual review

Drugs are often chemically derivatized prior to their GC-MS analysis for the following reasons: (a) to bring the analytes to the chemical forms that are more compatible to the chromatographic environment; (b) to create a separation mechanism or to maximize resolution efficiency; (c) to improve detection or structural elucidation effectiveness; or (d) to make use of the analytes' specific structural features for analyticl needs. Analytes that are strongly acidic, basic or with functional groups, that may not vaporize or may interact with (irreversibly or reversibly) silanol groups or contaminating compounds present in the chromatographic system, can be more effectively analyzed after chemical derivatization. Enantiomers can be chromatographically resolved by achiral columns after being converted into diastereomers using chiral reagents; derivatization may also bring the retention time of the targeted analytes to a more desirable range. Introduction of certain elements or groups through chemical derivatization may enhance the detector's response or generate mass spectra helpful to the elucidation of the analytes' structural features. In conclusion, commonly used derivatization reagents for silylation, acylation, and alkylation are summarized along with comments on some practical considerations.
THE EFFECTS OF FOCUS OF ATTENTION INSTRUCTIONS ON NOVICES LEARNING SOCCER CHIP

UEHARA, L. A. ; BUTTON, C. ; DAVIDS, K. The effects of focus of attention instructions on novices learning soccer chip. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, v. 2, n. 1, p. 63-77, 2008. Research has suggested that instructions that direct the learner to focus on the movements of their body parts are typically less effective than instructions that focus on the environmental effects of the movement during motor skill acquisition. However, it has been argued that effects of instructional focus depend on the skill level of participants and influential constraints such as whether the learners are predominantly goal oriented. The present study compared the effects of internal and external focus of attention instructions on two groups of novices during acquisition of a soccer chip skill. Twelve adult participants practiced chipping a ball with their non-dominant foot over a barrier towards a circular target. An internal focus instruction group (IFIG) received instructions throughout practice directing them to attend to the coordination of their body parts. An external focus instruction group (EFIG) received instructions referring to the effect of their movements on the environment. Results from both outcome (ball landing position accuracy and consistency) and qualitative movement form data were consistent, showing that participants of both groups improved their performance and were able to retain the skill after a two day break (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the groups for either outcome score or for the qualitative analysis, suggesting that internal focus instructions and external focus instructions were equally beneficial. These findings suggest that novices with no previous experience of a skill switch interchangeably from one type of attentional focus to another regardless of
A Theory of Self-Enforcing Indefinite Agreements

All contracts are incomplete. But incomplete contracts differ along several key dimensions. Many contracts are incomplete because parties decline to condition performance on future states that they cannot observe or verify to courts. In these cases, the incompleteness is exogenous to the contract. Other agreements, however, appear to be "deliberately" incomplete in the sense that parties decline to condition performance on available, verifiable measures that could be specified in the contract at relatively low cost. Thus, incompleteness is endogenous to these agreements suggesting that the parties had other reasons for leaving the terms in question unspecified. Traditional contract law doctrine appears to track this distinction. One of the core principles of contact law is the requirement of definiteness. An agreement will not be enforced as a contract if it is uncertain and indefinite in its material terms. It is widely believed, however, that the indefiniteness doctrine is largely ignored by contemporary courts. But a study of the contemporary case law on indefinite contracts reveals some striking facts. In literally dozens of cases, American courts dismiss claims for breach of contract on the grounds of indefiniteness, often without granting any relief to the disappointed promisee. This evidence raises a fundamental question: Why do parties write deliberately incomplete agreements in the shadow of a robust indefiniteness doctrine? One hypothesis is that these agreements may be self-enforcing. But most of the recently litigated cases do not appear to be self-enforcing in the traditional sense. Rather, most are isolated transactions between strangers trading at arms length. Recent work in experimental economics suggests, however, that the domain of self-enforcing contracts may be considerably larger than has been conventionally understood. A robust result of these experiments is that a significant fraction of individuals behave as if reciprocity were an important motivation (even in isolated interactions with strangers) while a comparable fraction react as if motivated entirely by self interest. These experiments support a theory that predicts that deliberately incomplete contracts that rely on self-enforcement through reciprocal fairness are more efficient than the alternative of more complete, legally enforceable agreements. The potency of reciprocal fairness as a method of self-enforcement explains (and justifies) the resiliency of the common law indefiniteness doctrine in the face of a contemporary academic consensus in favor of expanding the scope of legal regulation.
Behavioral Heterogeneity in U.S. Inflation Dynamics

ABSTRACT In this article we develop and estimate a behavioral model of inflation dynamics with heterogeneous firms. In our stylized framework there are two groups of price setters, fundamentalists and random walk believers. Fundamentalists are forward-looking in the sense that they believe in a present-value relationship between inflation and real marginal costs, while random walk believers are backward-looking, using the simplest rule of thumb, naive expectations, to forecast inflation. Agents are allowed to switch between these different forecasting strategies conditional on their recent relative forecasting performance. We estimate the switching model using aggregate and survey data. Our results support behavioral heterogeneity and the significance of evolutionary learning mechanism. We show that there is substantial time variation in the weights of forward-looking and backward-looking behavior. Although on average the majority of firms use the simple backward-looking rule, the market has phases in which it is dominated by either the fundamentalists or the random walk believers.
A study of the past dynamics of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with Fast Lyapunov Indicators

Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is the target of the Rosetta mission. On the base of backward numerical integrations of a large set of fictitious comets whose initial conditions are obtained from small variations of the orbital parameters of 67P, and the analysis of suitable chaos indicators, we detect the phase–space structure of the past close encounters of the comet with Jupiter. On the base of these computations we find that the comet could have being injected in the inner Solar System from distances larger than 100 AU from the Sun with a probability of 60 per cent in the past 150000 years and could have passed under the Jupiter's Roche limit with a probability of about 4 percent in the same time interval.
Cultural barriers impeding ethnic minority groups from accessing effective diabetes care services: a systematic review of observational studies

A number of reports indicate that cultural barriers may prevent members of ethnic minority groups from accessing diabetes services, but little is known about the specific nature of these barriers. This systematic review of observational studies aimed to identify and explore cultural barriers as a basis for improvements in care. Articles published from inception to September 2011 were retrieved from four databases Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane and DARE), two National Health Service specialist libraries (Diabetes, and Ethnicity and Health), Warwick Medical School publications and reference lists. Inclusion criteria were qualitative or quantitative studies involving ethnic minority groupswith diabetes. Two reviewers independently conducted paper selection and appraisal. A total of 316 studieswere retrieved, 22 of which were included in the review. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a narrative analysis was undertaken. Eight key cultural issues emerged, namely participants’ strong adherence to cultural norms, religious beliefs, linguistic diversity, low health literacy levels, different beliefs about health and illness, belief in expert and professional support, low accessibility of culturally appropriate services/information, and low concordance with western professional advice. These issues compromised the level of diabetes care services received by members of ethnic minority groups. It is recommended that further attention is given to the development of culturally competent interventions for improving access to healthcare and diabetes outcomes for members of specific ethnic minority groups.
Indirect Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis of Pineapple Induced by Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

This research aimed to study the effect of 2,4-D,AdS, and basal media to the regeneration of pineapplethrough indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis,and to study the complete event of somatic embryogenesis.Callus formation was induced by 21, 41, and 62 μM 2,4-Dwith addition of 9 μM TDZ. The non embryogenic calli weretransferred onto 4.65 μM Kn containing medium.Embryogenic callus formation was induced on MS or Bacbasal media consisted of N-organic compounds withaddition of AdS (0, 0.05 and 0.1 μM). The embryogenic calliwere regenerated on modified MS medium with addition of0.9 μM IBA, 1.1 μM BA, 0.09 μM GA3 or MS mediumsupplemented with 0.018 mM BA. The result proved that thesingle auxin of 2,4-D was not enough to induce embryogeniccells. Therefore the non embryogenic calli were regeneratedthrough organogenesis. The 21 μM 2,4-D yielded high level ofcallus formation (80%), higher fresh weight (0.2 g/explant)and higher number of shoot (25 shoots/explant in twomonths). Embryogenic calli were produced on N-organiccompounds enriched media. The regeneration mediumsignificantly affected the level of browning, where the MSmedium with addition of 0.018 mM BA yielded lower level ofbrowning. There was an interaction of embryogenic callusinduction medium and regeneration medium to the numberof mature somatic embryos. The embryogenic callusinduction on MS medium enriched with N-organiccompounds and 0.05 μM AdS followed by the regenerationof somatic embryos on MS medium with addition of 0.018mM BA was the best treatment which yielded 17 maturesomatic embryos/explant.
Unsteady dissipation measurements on a flat plate subject to wake passing

Abstract Boundary layer measurements were performed on a flat plate with an imposed pressure gradient typical of a high-lift low-pressure (LP) turbine blade and subject to incoming turbulent wakes shed from a moving bar wake generator. A multiple-orientation one-dimensional laser doppler anemometry (LDA) technique was used to measure the ensemble-average mean flow and Reynolds stresses. These ensembleaverage measurements were used to calculate the boundary layer dissipation, thereby providing unprecedented experimental evidence of the loss-reducing mechanisms associated with wake-induced transition. The benign character of the calmed zone was confirmed and the early stages of boundary layer separation were found to have laminar levels of dissipation. A deterministic natural transition phenomenon was identified between wake passing events, highlighting the existence of natural transition phenomena in LP turbine style pressure distributions.
New combination of primer pairs for PCR-DGGE detection of soil ciliates

1Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, P. O. Box 396, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Applied Entomology & Microbiology Unit, Biology Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No.6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia *Email: wongsk@upm.edu. my
Re-engaging disengaged pupils in physical education

Many children and young people enjoy physical education (PE), yet many do not, and subsequently become disengaged from PE. Previous research that has explored pupil disengagement from PE has focused on what teachers should do to re-engage their pupils, or has encouraged dis-engaged pupils to create a curriculum that they perceive to be socially and culturally relevant. While this research is extremely important, it does not highlight enough what teachers bring to the teaching and learning process. An alternative approach to understanding (dis)engagement in PE is to start by asking both teachers and pupils: what is currently working, why is it working, and what could be in the future? This ‘appreciative inquiry’ (AI) approach is underpinned by the belief that everyone and everything has strengths that can be developed, and that those strengths should be the starting point for change. Consequently, in establishing the use of AI as an important means of understanding and potentially enhancing PE pedagogy, this research sought to understand the successful teaching strategies developed by PE teachers to re-engage disengaged pupils. Importantly, in recognising the value of understanding pupil experiences we also explored and shared the success stories of the ‘re-engaged’ pupils. Finally, in extending the research in this area, we examined the impact that teacher engagement in the AI process had on their professional learning. As the teachers engaged in the AI process, they discussed, listened to (each other and their pupils), reflected and shared their success stories. This, in turn, appears to have encouraged them to re-articulate and re-enact their practice and learning within the context of a more positive future. They designed (and in some cases, co-design with their pupils) meaningful and empowering PE programmes for their ‘disengaged’ pupils and have subsequently made a commitment to future professional learning and inquiry.
Waste disposal and management issues in Kintampo North district of Ghana

Uncontrolled waste disposal and its poor management has been a monster that has aborted the efforts of both governments’ and many professionals alike i n many African countries. An analytic cross- sectional study design using qualitative and quanti tative methods were used to examine household and community knowledge, attitude, practices and challe nges of its waste disposal and management in Kintampo North District of Ghana. Of a total of 250 household heads interviewed, 176 (70.4%) were males, 74 (29.6%) were females, 134 (53.6%) were no t educated, 55.5% were either farmers or labourers , while greater than 29% were above the age of 60 yea rs. While majority of the respondents 207 (82.8%) disposes their waste products at refuse dump and op en gutters, only 0.4% of waste disposal was done by the sanitary workers, and majority 237 (94.8%) d o not separate their waste materials before disposa l, 35% of whom believe that all waste is recyclable wa ste and should not be separated.