Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the variability of the semidiurnal solar and lunar tides of the equatorial electrojet during sudden stratospheric warmings

Abstract. The variabilities of the semidiurnal solar and lunar tides of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) are investigated during the 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events in this study. For this purpose, ground-magnetometer recordings at the equatorial observatories in Huancayo and Fúquene are utilized. Results show a major enhancement in the amplitude of the EEJ semidiurnal lunar tide in each of the four warming events. The EEJ semidiurnal solar tidal amplitude shows an amplification prior to the onset of warmings, a reduction during the deceleration of the zonal mean zonal wind at 60∘ N and 10 hPa, and a second enhancement a few days after the peak reversal of the zonal mean zonal wind during all four SSWs. Results also reveal that the amplitude of the EEJ semidiurnal lunar tide becomes comparable or even greater than the amplitude of the EEJ semidiurnal solar tide during all these warming events. The present study also compares the EEJ semidiurnal solar and lunar tidal changes with the variability of the migrating semidiurnal solar (SW2) and lunar (M2) tides in neutral temperature and zonal wind obtained from numerical simulations at E-region heights. A better agreement between the enhancements of the EEJ semidiurnal lunar tide and the M2 tide is found in comparison with the enhancements of the EEJ semidiurnal solar tide and the SW2 tide in both the neutral temperature and zonal wind at the E-region altitudes.
Child-Headed Households and Educational Problems in Urban Informal Settlements in Kenya

The present study investigates the educational problems faced by child-headed households in Urban settlements in Kenya. These households are a result of challenges such as parental deaths (mainly due to HIV and AIDS). Such households have become an increasingly common occurrence in Sub-Saharan Africa, as a result, in particular, of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This has caused millions of children to become orphaned, and has brought about new coping mechanisms. There has been considerable interest in Kenya’s progress with regard to the emergence of child headed families and this can be seen by way of the number of NGOs interested in this subject. Despite living under very pathetic and harsh conditions, orphans in CHHs have been known to develop unique resilience when their lives are changed radically. They develop a continuum of coping strategies, which also include adopting ‘de facto’ adult roles. Children take on new roles, acting as household heads, making household decisions even when parents are still living, and supporting their young brothers and sisters, at times suffering loss and peril themselves. Since Kenyan families are traditionally extended, the increase in the number of orphans puts pressure on relatives who have to fend for additional children. Child-headed household arrangements seem to represent a new coping mechanism for orphans in urban settlements in Kenya. Community-based organizations (CBOs) also help extended families to carry the burden of orphans. Using a qualitative research methodology and a case study design, the paper investigates the c educational problems faced by child-headed households in Kibera Slums, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. A total of 50 children living in child headed household were identified through the chief’s office and the support organisations for orphans operating in the above villages. Ten key informants including social workers from organisation supporting these children, chiefs, teachers and children’s officers were also interviewed to give an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Findings of the study revealed that HIV and AIDS coupled with the breakdown or weakening of the extended family network has led to the emergence of Child headed households. Children in these households were found to face challenges such as lack of parent’s love and affection, protection and care, Lack of basic necessities like food shelter and health care, social exclusion and stigmatization, disinheritance, exploitation abuse. Keywords : Child Headed Households, Emerging Phenomenon, Urban Informal Settlement
Spheres of Citizenship

The Article argues that, contrary to its state-centered conception, citizenship is determined, managed and controlled in three distinct yet intertwined territorial spheres: the local, the national and the global. Without claiming that the national sphere is vanishing or becoming irrelevant for the determination of rights, duties, group belonging and participation in public life (all different aspects of citizenship), I argue that sub-national territorial units as well as supranational political organizations are increasingly impacting citizenship. All three spheres take part in deciding who shall be entitled to various rights (political, social and economic), what shall be the exact content of those rights, and who shall have the power to make such determinations. Yet each sphere bases its citizenship on a distinct logic and on a different set of assumptions and justifications: the local on residency; the national on lineage or place of birth; and the global on belonging to humanity. The Article demonstrates the ways in which citizenship is impacted by the three spheres and the different forms of legitimation that each sphere enjoys. The realization that our citizenship is a product of developments and activities in all three levels has theoretical, analytical and practical implications.
Herding in French stock markets: Empirical evidence from equity mutual funds

Using the traditional herding measure of Lakonishok, Shleifer and Vishny (1992) (LSV) and the more recent measure of Frey, Herbst and Walter (2007) (FHW), we assess herding by French equity mutual funds between 1999 and 2005. We show that LSV herding amounts to 6.5%, while FHW herding is approximately 2.5 times stronger. We find that herding is stronger in small capitalisation firms than in medium- and large capitalisation firms. Herding is also more severe among foreign stocks than among EU-15 or French stocks. Moreover, French mutual funds are shown to partially use positive feedback strategies. Finally, we establish that sell-herding has a destabilising impact on stock prices and that this impact is larger for foreign stocks.
The impact of several demographic factors on chemistry laboratory anxiety and self-efficacy in students’ first year of university

The transition from high school to tertiary education can be a daunting prospect for students. The prospect of laboratories, an unfamiliar environment, for students, can increase levels of anxiety. Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence that suggests that students’ self-efficacy is inversely correlated with students’ anxiety. We surveyed students at the start and end of a semester to evaluate levels of anxiety and self-efficacy in relation to several aspects of the chemistry laboratory. Time management and answering assessed questions are the aspects that contribute to high levels of anxiety and low levels of self-efficacy at the start of semester. Students generally reported lower anxiety and higher self-efficacy at the end of the semester about every aspect probed. These results are of interest to any discipline that offers an unfamiliar learning environment for students as aspects such as time management and answering assessed questions are not discipline specific. We investigated the different aspects of anxiety and self-efficacy in relation to various demographic factors.
The geography of innovation: the effects of university research

Applied studies on the relationship between geography and technological innovation for United States, Germany, France and Italy have shown the positive effects that academic research exerts on the innovative output of firms at a spatial level. The purpose of this paper is to look for new evidence on the possible effects of the university research for the case of Spain. To do so, within the framework of a Griliches-Jaffe knowledge production function, and using panel data and count models, the relationship between innovative inputs and patents, in the case of the Spanish regions is explored.
Influence of Cognitive and Affective Variables in Stress, Functional Limitation and Symptoms in Fibromyalgia

The clinical manifestations of Fibromyalgia (FM) have invited extensive inquiry into the potential role of psychological factors associated with this condition (Alegre et al., 2010; Wolfe, et al., 1990). Widespread pain and limitations in physical functioning characterize this condition, and a number of studies have shown that such symptoms are accompanied by considerable psychological distress (Affleck et al., 1996; Esteve-Vives et al., 2010). Some researchers have proposed, however, that deficits in positive affect and cognitions characterize the unique adaptation difficulties of FM patients better than measures of vulnerability (Davis, Zautra, & Smith, 2004; Zautra et al., 2005). Chronic pain disorders are a source of stress for the patient and demand constant efforts of adaptation. In this context, numerous studies have identified patients perceptions of control as significant predictor of health outcomes in chronic pain samples in general and in FMS in particular (Arnstein et al., 1999; Besteiro et al., 2008; Buckelew et al., 1994; Oliver and Cronan, 2005; Wallston, 1989). This perception of control beliefs includes two different constructs: selfefficacy beliefs and locus of control. Both, previously defined as stress modulator variables, have in common to make up mechanisms that involve a sense of control. Self-efficacy levels in people living with FM have been shown to predict psychological and physical well-being (e.g. Culos-Reed & Brawley, 2003), and individuals with lower selfefficacy show limitations in their ability to perform everyday tasks required or adaptation to FM. On the other hand, higher levels of pain self-efficacy has been related with better improvement on treatment (Buckelew et al., 1996; Martin et al., 1996; Schachter et al., 2003; Wells-Federman et al., 2003), higher satisfaction levels (Serber et al., 2003), lower pain intensity, less associated symptoms, less functional limitation and psychological distress (Buckelew et al., 1995; Martin-Aragon et al., 2001; Menzies et al., 2006; Miro, 1994; Oliver & Cronan, 2002). Also, self-efficacy is a predictor of physical activity in FM patients (CulosReed & Brawley, 2003; Culos-Reed, 2001) and has also been related to a better stress/recovery balance, increasing satisfactory experiences and the involvement in social activities (Gonzalez-Gutierrez et al., 2009). Another perception of control variable that has been studied in FM is locus of control. It seems that FM patients present a more external locus of control (belief that the course of their illness
Stopped within a track: embodied experiences of late-stage Parkinson's disease

Based on a phenomenological understanding of humans as situated and intentional beings, this study explored experience of late-stage Parkinson's disease. A woman aged 72, in the late stages of Parkinson's disease, was interviewed regarding her experiences over a five-year period. A phenomenological method was used for scrutinizing tape-recorded and verbatim transcribed interviews. Results reveal that late-stage Parkinson's disease is manifested as a sense of lost control over daily life and as a life with unpredictable bodily reactions. There was a demand to live within an increasingly rigid, slow rhythm of time, with continuously decreased embodied skilfulness, which caused fragmented mobility patterns. Movements were no longer intentional, i.e. outward; they demanded inward concentration. The intention to move was no longer primary, e.g. to grab a handle, because space is mentally and physically understood. Instead, intention was secondary because movement became primary. This phenomenon changed embodied understanding of relationships with the room, distances, and things. Understanding of distance, e.g. became unclear, and this affected ways in which place and situation were experienced and lived. The results highlight ways that a Parkinson's sufferer lives and experiences space and time in surroundings and situations; and how the person meets and deals with significant challenges.
Rethinking gay tourism: A review of literature

This paper presents an exploratory overview of the emergence of gay travel market as well as the travel motivations of gay men and women. Moreover, it is suggested that there is a parallel between gay space and gay travel motivations. However, little research has been undertaken on the outcomes of societal change and increased acceptance of homosexuality and its impact on the gay tourist motivations. The present paper reveals that gay tourism literature has failed to catch up with the changing societal environment, therefore the stereotyped and generalised projections on the motivations and social behaviours of gay travellers have perpetrated a distorted understanding of gay travel market.
Testing the Degree of Openness of the Greek Capital Account: A Cointegration Analysis

The issue of capital mobility and the related issue of financial market integration is one of the most pronounced cases of contradiction between casual empiricism and conventional wisdom, in the one hand, and the results of formal empirical testing on the other. The question of the degree of capital mobility is an important one in economic analysis. This is because the assumptions one makes about the degree to which capital is mobile internationally can significantly influence the conclusions of the analysis. Over the past decade developing countries have experienced a continuing process of financial market liberalization and growing financial flows. Measuring the degree of capital mobility – defined as the degree of linkage between domestic and foreign interest rates – is central to our understanding and assessment of financial liberalization and its consequences. There are some methodological issues concerning the degree of capital mobility: The connection between capital mobility and market integration seems to be clear; if markets are integrated then capital will move more freely. Feldstein and Horioka (1980) have proposed to measure capital mobility using the degree of correlation between saving and investment rates. The Ferdstein-Horioka criterion also implies that capital mobility can be measured on the basis of differential (nominal and real) rates of interest. However, other researchers argued that the saving-investment correlation is not a proper measure of the degree of capital mobility and market integration (Goldstein et al, 1991), Frankel and MacArthur (1988). In this paper, following Edwards and Khan (1985), the domestic interest rate is hypothesized to depend on weighted average of domestic and foreign factos. The approach that was used is maximum likelihood cointegration analysis of Johansen (1988), and Johansen and Juseliu (1990). The results support the impact of both domestic and international influences on the domestic rate in the case of Greek economy. The evidence based on the Edwards and Khan (1985) approach seems to support the hypothesis of high (but not perfect) capital mobility in the Greek economy. The capital is highly mobile.
Offshoring and Firm Overlap

We set up a model of offshoring with heterogeneous producers that captures two empirical regularities of German offshoring firms. There is selection of larger, more productive firms into offshoring. However, the selection is not sharp, and offshoring and non-offshoring firms coexist over a wide range of the revenue distribution. An overlap of offshoring and non-offshoring firms emerges in our model because, in contrast to textbook models of trade with heterogeneous producers, we allow firms to differ in two technology parameters thereby decoupling the offshoring status of a firm from its revenues. In an empirical analysis, we employ firm-level data from Germany to estimate key parameters of the model and show that ignoring the overlap lowers the estimated gains from offshoring by more than 50 percent and, at the same time, exaggerates substantially the importance of the extensive margin for explaining the evolution of German offshoring over the last 25 years.
SIRT6 deacetylase activity regulates NAMPT activity and NAD(P)(H) pools in cancer cells

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway from nicotinamide. By controlling the biosynthesis of NAD+, NAMPT regulates the activity of NAD+‐converting enzymes, such as CD38, poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerases, and sirtuins (SIRTs). SIRT6 is involved in the regulation of a wide number of metabolic processes. In this study, we investigated the ability of SIRT6 to regulate intracellular NAMPT activity and NAD(P)(H) levels. BxPC‐3 cells and MCF‐7 cells were engineered to overexpress a catalytically active or a catalytically inactive SIRT6 form or were engineered to silence endogenous SIRT6 expression. In SIRT6‐overexpressing cells, NAD(H) levels were up‐regulated, as a consequence of NAMPT activation. By immunopurification and incubation with recombinant SIRT6, NAMPT was found to be a direct substrate of SIRT6 deacetylation, with a mechanism that upregulates NAMPT enzymatic activity. Extracellular NAMPT release was enhanced in SIRT6‐silenced cells. Also glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity and NADPH levels were increased in SIRT6‐overexpressing cells. Accordingly, increased SIRT6 levels reduced cancer cell susceptibility to H2O2‐induced oxidative stress and to doxorubicin. Our data demonstrate that SIRT6 affects intracellular NAMPT activity, boosts NAD(P)(H) levels, and protects against oxidative stress. The use of SIRT6 inhibitors, together with agents inducing oxidative stress, may represent a promising treatment strategy in cancer. —Sociali, G. , Grozio, A. , Caffa, I. , Schuster, S. , Becherini, P., Damonte, P., Sturla, L. , Fresia, C. , Passalacqua, M. , Mazzola, F. , Raffaelli, N. , Garten, A. , Kiess, W. , Cea, M. , Nencioni, A. , Bruzzone, S. SIRT6 deacetylase activity regulates NAMPT activity and NAD(P)(H) pools in cancer cells. FASEB J. 33, 3704–3717 (2019). www.fasebj. org
The choice between mergers/acquisitions and joint ventures : The case of Japanese investors in the United States

This paper investigates the determinants of the choice between two alternative methods of pooling similar and complementary assets: the merger/acquisition and the greenfield equity joint venture. Two theories of the determinants of that choice are tested on a sample of Japanese investments in the United States. The results show that equity joint ventures are preferred over acquisitions when the desired assets are linked to nondesired assets because the U.S. firm owning them is large and not divisionalized, when the Japanese investor has little previous experience of the American market and hence seeks to avoid postmerger integration problems, when the Japanese investor and the U.S. partner manufacture the same product, and when the industry entered is growing neither very rapidly nor very slowly. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flapping Wings and Aerodynamic Lift: The Role of Leading-Edge Vortices

AEROSPACE LETTERS are brief communications (approximately 2000 words) that describe new and potentially important ideas or results, including critical analytical or experimental observations that justify rapid publication. They are stringently prescreened, and only a few are selected for rapid review by an Editor. They are published as soon as possible electronically and then appear in the print version of the journal.
Chemistry, Pharmacology and Medicinal Property of Frankincense (Boswellia Species): From the Selection of Traditional Applications to the Novel Phytotherapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Serious Diseases.

Frankincense, the resinous extract from the trees of the genus Boswellia, has been used for centuries in ceremonial, cosmetic, cultural and as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments especially inflammatory diseases including asthma, arthritis, cerebral edema, chronic pain syndrome, chronic bowel diseases, cancer and some other illnesses. Boswellic acids are the active compounds of frankincense and AKBA (3-O-acetyl-11- keto-β-boswellic acid) is the most important and effective acid among them. Some studies have shown that the use of frankincense can also improve the learning and enhance the memory in animals and human. It seems that frankincense might have a potential ability to be used as an alternative natural medicine not only for chronic and inflammatory diseases but also for the patients with brain and memory disorders.
High spatial resolution of the mid-infrared emission of the Compton-thick type 2 Seyfert galaxy, Markarian 3

Mid-infrared (MIR) spectra observed with Gemini/Michelle were used to study the nuclear region of the Compton-thick Seyfert 2 (Sy 2) galaxy Mrk 3 at a spatial resolution of $\sim$200 pc. No polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission bands were detected in the N-band spectrum of Mrk 3. However, intense [Ar III] 8.99 $\mu$m, [S IV] 10.5 $\mu$m and [Ne II] 12.8 $\mu$m ionic emission-lines, as well as silicate absorption feature at 9.7$\mu$m have been found in the nuclear extraction ($\sim$200 pc). We also present subarcsecond-resolution Michelle N-band image of Mrk 3 which resolves its circumnuclear region. This diffuse MIR emission shows up as a wings towards East-West direction closely aligned with the S-shaped of the Narrow Line Region (NLR) observed at optical [O III]$\lambda$5007\AA image with Hubble/FOC. The nuclear continuum spectrum can be well represented by a theoretical torus spectral energy distribution (SED), suggesting that the nucleus of Mrk 3 may host a dusty toroidal structure predicted by the unified model of active galactic nucleus (AGN). In addition, the hydrogen column density (N$_H\,=\,4.8^{+3.3}_{-3.1}\times\,10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$) estimated with a torus model for Mrk 3 is consistent with the value derived from X-ray spectroscopy. The torus model geometry of Mrk 3 is similar to that of NGC 3281, both Compton-thick galaxies, confirmed through fitting the 9.7$\mu$m silicate band profile. This results might provide further evidence that the silicate-rich dust can be associated with the AGN torus and may also be responsible for the absorption observed at X-ray wavelengths in those galaxies.
The quality of drinking water used by the communities in some regions of Uganda

The study was done to assess the suitability of drinking water sources used by some communities in Uganda and the associated consumption risks. Water samples were collected, treated and tested according to standard methods of the American Public Health Association (APHA). Results of physicochemical and microbiological parameters were: NOu - 3 (0.01-4.6 mg/l); turbidity (< 5-97.6NTU); Total dissolved solids (59- 420.9 mg/l); conductivity (28-760 µS/cm); pH (5.3-7.2); temperature (23-25.90 °C), total coliform (0-940 cfu/100ml), faecal coliform (0-200 cfu/100ml). Risk of Contamination (ROC) assessment agreed with water quality analysis that found boreholes to be the safest (<1 CFU/100mL) water source, followed in order by rainwater, standpipe taps and protected springs. Shallow wells, unprotected springs and surface water (e.g. streams) were high risk (≥100 CFU/100 mL) water sources. Nitrate.nitrogen, faecal coliform and total coliform were higher than WHO standards for drinking water in most of the water springs and wells. The management of community water sources is discussed. Keywords : Bacteriological, risk of contamination, physicochemical, communities water sources.