Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Co-Occurrence of Disruptive Behavior and Depression among Disruptive Adolescents

Disruptive behavior and depression are two of the most common mental health and psychiatric problems found in Thai adolescents today . Prior research has established that adolescents who engage in disruptive behavior are more likely to be depressed than adolescents who do not . Therefore, research on the co-occurrence of disruptive behavior and depression among disruptive adolescents within a Thai context is needed as a priority. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between disruptive behavior and depression in a sample of disruptive adolescents . This study used a cross-sectional research design. Two hundred and fifty-three adolescents with disruptive behavior, aged between 13 and 17 years old participated in this study. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select the participants from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatient Departments/Services of seven hospitals/institutes from four regions in the Kingdom of Thailand. The adolescents completed a relevant questionnaire that incorporated the Thai version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). The participants’ parents completed a questionnaire that incorporated the Thai version of the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory (CADBI). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that disruptive behavior is positively associated with depression in disruptive adolescents (r = .23, p < .01). The prevalence of concurrent disruptive behavior and depression was 45.5% (when using a CES-D cut off score of 16). The results of this clinical research reveal that in this sample of disruptive adolescents, disruptive behavior is associated with depression. Assessment for other symptoms and problems should be considered when assessing behavioral problems in adolescents.
Dynamic respiratory mechanics in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome: research or clinical tool?

Purpose of reviewClassic static measurements of lung mechanics have been used mainly for research purposes, but have not gained widespread clinical acceptance. Instead, dynamic measurements have been used, but interpretation of results has been hampered by lack of clear definitions. The review provides an overview of possible definitions and a description of methods for evaluating lung mechanics in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Recent findingsCompliance measured using static techniques is significantly higher compared to measurements during ongoing ventilation. This indicates that lung mechanic properties depend on flow velocity during inflation and the time allowed for equilibration of viscoelastic forces. Thus, methods for evaluating lung mechanics should be clearly defined in terms of whether they are classically static, i.e. excluding resistance to flow and equilibration of viscoelastic forces, or truly dynamic, i.e. including flow resistance and unequilibrated viscoelastic forces. New techniques have emerged which make it possible to monitor lung mechanics during ongoing, therapeutic ventilation, ‘functional lung mechanics’, where the impact of flow resistance on tube and airway resistance has been eliminated, providing alveolar pressure/volume curves. SummaryFunctional lung mechanics obtained during ongoing ventilator treatment have the potential to provide information for optimizing ventilator management in critically ill patients.
THE MUSCLES TREASURY SURVEY. III. X-RAY TO INFRARED SPECTRA OF 11 M AND K STARS HOSTING PLANETS

We present a catalog of panchromatic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 7 M and 4 K dwarf stars that span X-ray to infrared wavelengths (5 Å –5.5 μm). These SEDs are composites of Chandra or XMM-Newton data from 5–∼50 Å, a plasma emission model from ∼50–100 Å, broadband empirical estimates from 100–1170 Å, Hubble Space Telescope data from 1170–5700 Å, including a reconstruction of stellar Lyα emission at 1215.67 Å, and a PHOENIX model spectrum from 5700–55000 Å. Using these SEDs, we computed the photodissociation rates of several molecules prevalent in planetary atmospheres when exposed to each star’s unattenuated flux (“unshielded” photodissociation rates) and found that rates differ among stars by over an order of magnitude for most molecules. In general, the same spectral regions drive unshielded photodissociations both for the minimally and maximally FUV active stars. However, for O3 visible flux drives dissociation for the M stars whereas near-UV flux drives dissociation for the K stars. We also searched for an far-UV continuum in the assembled SEDs and detected it in 5/11 stars, where it contributes around 10% of the flux in the range spanned by the continuum bands. An ultraviolet continuum shape is resolved for the star ϵ Eri that shows an edge likely attributable to Si ii recombination. The 11 SEDs presented in this paper, available online through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes, will be valuable for vetting stellar upper-atmosphere emission models and simulating photochemistry in exoplanet atmospheres.
Motivated sensitivity to preference-inconsistent information.

If preference-inconsistent information initiates more effortful cognitive analysis than does preference-consistent information, then people should be more sensitive processors of information they do not want to believe than of information they do want to believe. Three studies supported this prediction. Study 1 found that inferences drawn from favorable interpersonal feedback revealed a correspondence bias, whereas inferences drawn from unfavorable feedback were sensitive to situational constraint. Study 2 showed this sensitivity to the quality of unfavorable feedback to disappear under cognitive load. Study 3 showed that evaluations of the accuracy of favorable medical diagnoses were insensitive to the probability of alternative explanation, whereas evaluations of unfavorable diagnoses were sensitive to probability information. The importance of adaptive considerations in theories of motivated reasoning is discussed.
Poor Knowledge and Practices Related to Iodine Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation in Australian Women: Pre- and Post-Iodine Fortification

A before-after review was undertaken to assess whether knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition, supplementation and fortification has improved in Australian women since the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification in 2009. Surveys of pregnant (n = 139) and non-pregnant (n = 75) women in 2007–2008 are compared with surveys of pregnant (n = 147) and lactating women (n = 60) one to two years post-fortification in a regional area of New South Wales, Australia. A self-administered questionnaire was completed and dietary intake of iodine was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A generally poor knowledge about the role and sources of iodine in the diet remained after fortification. Post-fortification, iodine-containing supplements were being taken by 60% (up from 20% pre-fortification) and 45% of pregnant and lactating women, respectively. Dairy foods were the highest contributors to dietary iodine intake (57%–62%). A low intake of fish and seafood resulted in this food group contributing only 3%–8% of total intake. A low level of public awareness regarding the role of iodine in health supports the need for public health strategies in addition to fortification, such as an accompanying consumer education campaign, increased uptake of supplementation, and on-going monitoring.
Discovery of Meaning and Adherence to Medications in HIV-infected Women

Discovery of meaning in response to illness has been linked to positive health outcomes. The mechanisms through which this occurs are unknown. This study tests a previously unexamined mechanism, engagement in healthier behaviors, which has been left uncontrolled in most studies. Forty-one HIV-infected women completed a one-month writing intervention. This writing was coded for signs of discovery of meaning. Adherence to medications was measured before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) the intervention. Women whose writing indicated that they had discovered meaning showed significantly greater adherence to their medical regimens at Time 2, controlling for Time 1 adherence. Discovery of meaning may result in positive health outcomes by leading individuals to engage in healthier behaviors.
Isolation and characterization of a unique group of slowly growing mycobacteria: description of Mycobacterium lentiflavum sp. nov

A distinct group of slowly growing mycobacteria was identified on the basis of growth characteristics, biochemical and lipid profiles, and nucleic acid analyses. The isolates showed growth at 22 to 37 degrees C, yellow pigmentation, and negative tests for Tween 80 hydrolysis, nicotinic acid, nitrate reductase, and urease; tests for arylsulfatase, pyrazinamidase, and heat-stable catalase were variable. Analysis of cellular fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography and mycolic acids by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated a distinctive pattern which was unlike those of other species. Determination of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed a unique sequence closely related to Mycobacterium simiae and M. genavense. On the basis of DNA homology studies, we suggest that these organisms are representatives of a novel species, for which the name M. lentiflavum sp. nov. is proposed.
How Can the Empowerment Role of Public Health Nurses (PHNs) Be Fostered? A Review of an Exploratory Research Study Conducted in Ireland and Current Evidence

Public Health nursing is complex because it incorporates an expectation of empowerment and advocacy on behalf of the public health nurse (PHN) in three functions: curative engagement, health promotion, and political advocacy (Cawley and Mannix McNamara 2011). Indeed, the mission of public health nursing calls for the health promotion approach (DOH 1997) and PHNs have a unique opportunity in their roles to work in a health promoting way. International trends are towards more population-focused objectives that concentrate on disease prevention and health promotion (Edgecombe 2005).
Neuronal assemblies

The concept of neuronal assembly as it has appeared in selected portions of the literature is examined. The context is experimental access to real neuronal assemblies in working brains, as made possible by recent technological progress. One current measure of assembly organization is based on the correlation of firing among neurons; recent observations show that such correlations can vary rapidly. It is shown that the dynamic firing correlation can be caused either by dynamic changes in neuronal connection strengths or, alternatively, by the effects of an unobserved (large) pool of other neurons. The static connectivity within the pool appears to be important in determining these effects. <<ETX>>
Dasatinib induces rapid hematologic and cytogenetic responses in adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with resistance or intolerance to imatinib: interim results of a phase 2 study.

Patients with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a rapid disease course and a poor prognosis. Dasatinib, a novel, oral, multitargeted kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL and SRC family kinases, has previously induced responses in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant Ph-positive ALL. We present the interim results of a phase 2 study designed to further assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dasatinib 140 mg in this patient population (n = 36). With a minimum follow-up of 8 months, treatment with dasatinib resulted in substantial hematologic and cytogenetic response rates. Major hematologic responses were achieved in 42% (15/36) of patients, 67% of whom remained progression-free. Complete cytogenetic responses were attained by 58% (21/36) of patients. The presence of BCR-ABL mutations conferring imatinib resistance did not preclude a response to dasatinib. Dasatinib was also tolerable, with 6% (2/36) of patients discontinuing therapy as a result of study-drug toxicity. Most adverse events (AEs) were grade 1 or 2; febrile neutropenia was the most frequent severe AE, but this and other cytopenias were manageable with dose reduction. Dasatinib represents a safe and effective treatment option and an important therapeutic advance for patients with Ph-positive ALL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #CA180015.
Group Prediction in Information Markets With and Without Trading Information and Price Manipulation Incentives

The ability of individuals and groups to forecast a future event, with incomplete information, by using the trading history of an asset market is analyzed in the laboratory. The results show: (1) when forecasters observe the summary of markettransacted prices, they do not perform as well as when they are provided with a complete real-time sequence of bids, asks and contract prices; (2) groups do not outperform individuals in forecasting, and when the market does not have price manipulation incentives, individual prediction is better than the group prediction; (3) in markets with manipulators, where only a summary of contract prices is provided, both groups and individuals are unable to predict better than flipping a coin. This inability to aggregate information is remedied when forecasters see the complete evolution of market bids, asks and contracts.
Expression profiling and identification of novel genes involved in myogenic differentiation

Skeletal muscle differentiation is a complex, highly coordinated process that relies on precise temporal gene expression patterns. To better understand this cascade of transcriptional events, we used expression profiling to analyze gene expression in a 12‐day time course of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Cluster analysis specific for time‐ordered microarray experiments classified 2895 genes and ESTs with variable expression levels between proliferating and differentiating cells into 22 clusters with distinct expression patterns during myogenesis. Expression patterns for several known and novel genes were independently confirmed by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and/or Western blotting and immunofluorescence. MyoD and MEF family members exhibited unique expression kinetics that were highly coordinated with cell‐cycle withdrawal regulators. Among genes with peak expression levels during cell cycle withdrawal were Vcam1, Itgb3, Itga5, Vc1, as well as Ptger4, a gene not previously associated with the process of myogenesis. One interesting uncharacterized transcript that is highly induced during myogenesis encodes several immunoglobulin repeats with sequence similarity to titin, a large sarcomeric protein. These data sets identify many additional uncharacterized transcripts that may play important functions in muscle cell proliferation and differentiation and provide a baseline for comparison with C2C12 cells expressing various mutant genes involved in myopathic disorders.
Loss of isoantigens A, B, and H in carcinoma of the lung.

IsoANmGm s A, B, ANr H, identical with those present in erythrocytes, are also found in some normal tissues. These include endothelial cells lining blood and lymph vessels, squamous epithelium of the tongue and portio vaginalis of the cervix, cohmmar epithelium of the gastric and bronchial mucosa, transitional cell epithelium of the urinary bladder, and others. They are absent in the basal layer of stratified squamous epitheium, in the cells of connective tissue, and in others to be mentioned later. Immunofluorescence technique has been used widely for demonstration of these isoantigens. We also used it at first, but we found the mixed cell agglutination reaction (MCAR) to be reproducible, more sensitive, and technically easier. The literature on the use of both techniques in the demonstation of the three isoantigens can be found in our previous publications.l1 The intensity of the MCAR is the same in benign lesions as it is in normal tissues from which they originate. On the other hand, we found the MCAR reduced in intensity or negative in a variety of carcinomas. The gradual decrease of the isoantigens was shown impressively in the cervix where the pession of nges can be followed from benign and reveble lesions (metaplasia and dysplasia) through carcinoma in situ, to infilrating carcinoma, and eventually to metastatic carcinoma. In the present report we will relate our studies on the fate of isoantigens A, B, and H in bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung
Staff and bed distribution in public sector mental health services in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Black Africans made up the majority of the population (88%), and females constituted 52% of the total population. The high proportion of women is a reflection of the migrant labour system prevalent in this province. A total of 33% of the population was <15 years old, and those ≥65 years constituted 6%. (1) A Statistics SA report, based on a household survey measuring income and expenditure, ranked the EC as the second poorest province in the country, with a poverty rate of 58%. (3) As early as 2004, it was noted that seven of SA's ten poorest municipalities were located in the EC. The poorest municipality was Ntabankulu, with 85% of its population living below the poverty line. (4) The upper limit of the Background. The Eastern Cape Province of South Africa is a resource-limited province with a fragmented mental health service. Objective. To determine the current context of public sector mental health services in terms of staff and bed distribution, and how this corresponds to the population distribution in the province. Method. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, an audit questionnaire was submitted to all public sector mental health facilities. Norms and indicators were calculated at provincial and district level. This article investigates staff and bed distribution only. Results. Results demonstrated that within the province, only three of its seven districts have acute beds above the national baseline norm requirement of 13/100 000. The private mental health sector provides approximately double the number of medium- to long-stay beds available in the public sector. Only two regions have staff/population ratios above the baseline norm of 20/100 000. However, there are significant differences in this ratio among specific staff categories. There is an inequitable distribution of resources between the eastern and western regions of the province. When compared with the western regions, the eastern regions have poorer access to mental health facilities, human resources and non-governmental organisations. Conclusion. Owing to the inequitable distribution of resources, the provincial authorities urgently need to develop an equitable model of service delivery. The province has to address the absence of a reliable mental health information system.
Transient lupus anticoagulant associated with prothrombin deficiency: unusual cause of bleeding in a 5-year-old girl.

PURPOSE We present the association of a lupus anticoagulant with hypoprothrombinemia in a 5-year-old girl, who presented with ecchymoses and a hematoma. This coagulopathy should be included in the differential of bleeding in the previously healthy children. PATIENTS AND METHODS Coagulation and immunology laboratory evaluation was performed at the time of presentation with bleeding and 2 months later, after complete clinical recovery. RESULTS A 5-year-old girl presented with ecchymoses and a hematoma after after an upper respiratory illness. Laboratory evaluation showed prolongation of both the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) due to the presence of a strong lupus anticoagulant associated with a decreased level of prothrombin (15 U/dl). Hypocomplementemia was also detected. Bruising resolved spontaneously, and the PT and aPTT gradually normalized. Reevaluation 2 months later showed that the lupus anticoagulant had disappeared and the prothrombin deficiency was markedly improved. CONCLUSIONS This case demonstrates that transient lupus anticoagulants must be included in the differential for bleeding in young children. Also, in children with lupus anticoagulants, neither the association of hypoprothrombinemia nor the presence of evidence of activation of the immune system appears to predict whether a patient will have or develop systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cadmium in liver and kidneys of domestic Balkan and Alpine dairy goat breeds from Montenegro and Serbia

ABSTRACT Concentrations of cadmium (Cd) were determined in the samples of 144 animals around 1 and of 144 animals around 4 years old. Cd was analysed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), after microwave digestion. Cd concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in kidney than in liver and higher (p < 0.05) in older animals than in young ones. In domestic Balkan goat which was raised in a free-ranged system Cd accumulation was lower (p < 0.05) than in Alpine goat raised in an intensive production system. Geographic region did influence Cd accumulation only in older animals. Higher Cd levels (p < 0.05) were determined in goats from Serbia. The highest obtained Cd concentrations in both tissues were lower than maximum levels set by European and national legislation for ruminants (cattle and sheep).
Carbohydrate–energy restriction may protect the rat brain against oxidative damage and improve physical performance

Chronic energy restriction, α-tocopherol supplementation and their interaction with exhaustive exercise were investigated. Eleven-week-old male Wistar rats (n 6×10) were fed either a control (C), a 30 % carbohydrate-energy-restricted control (R) or an α-tocopherol-supplemented (S) diet for 5 months. The animals in each diet were divided into exercised (E) and non-exercised (NE) groups. Before killing, the exercised rats were required to run to exhaustion (39 (SE 6), 69 (se 11) and 18 (se 2) min for the C, R and S groups, respectively). Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; TBARS), protein damage (reactive carbonyls) and α-tocopherol were determined in gastrocnemius, liver, brain an/r plasma. There was no difference in lipid peroxidation between the R and C groups, but in liver and muscle peroxidation appeared significantly lower in the S than the other two diets. TBARS in the brain were similar in all groups. On the other hand, reactive carbonyls showed that both the R and S diets reduced protein damage in the brain, while exhaustive exercise increased it. For liver and muscle, however, reactive carbonyl levels were similar in all groups. α-Tocopherol supplementation increased the vitamin concentrations in liver, muscle and plasma, but exercise decreased them in plasma and brain. Carbohydrate-energy restriction increased (P=0·0025) resistance to exhaustive exercise considerably without depleting stores of α-tocopherol or exacerbating oxidative damage in monitored tissues. It is concluded that while exhaustive exercise promotes a tissue-specific oxidative damage detectable only in brain proteins, both experimental diets tended to ameliorate this condition.