Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caseinolytic Activity of Fruit Extract from Opuntia ficus‐indicaon Bovine, Caprine, and Ovine Sodium Caseinates

The rates and extents of hydrolysis of αS‐ and β‐caseins from bovine, caprine, and ovine sodium caseinates produced by an enzymatic extract of the fruit of Opuntia ficus‐indica, (L.) Miller were evaluated and compared with those produced by a commercial animal rennet. A mechanistic model based on a pseudo‐first‐order enzymatic reaction, in the presence of first‐order deactivation of the enzyme, was postulated and successfully fitted to the experimental data. The animal rennet exhibited higher enzymatic efficiency than the fruit extract, irrespective of the source (i.e., bovine, caprine, or ovine) and the type (i.e., αS‐ or β‐casein) of substrate. The enzymatic efficiency (kcat/Km) for αS‐casein ranged from 72 to 220 and from 43 to 65 L g−1 h−1, and for β‐casein from 242 to 742 and from 55 to 164 L g−1 h−1, for the animal rennet and the enzymatic extract of O. ficus‐indica, respectively. Finally, it was observed that β‐casein from caprine and ovine caseinates was degraded by O. ficus‐indica faster than its αS counterpart, but the reverse was observed for bovine caseinate.
Intestitial Cells of Cajal in the Human Small Intestine: Immunochemical and Ultrastructural Study

The stem cell kinase CD117 has recently been found to play an important role in the development of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which are currently regarded as pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal tract. CD117 is expressed in both gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and ICC, with the latter regarded by many as the progenitor cells of GIST. The authors investigated immunoreactivity of 25 normal surgically removed small intestinal tissues and correlated the findings with electron microscopy (EM) on 12 cases. In all cases CD117-positive cells were frequently seen around the myenteric plexi either singly or in groups. CD117-positive cells on immunostained sections corresponded to the cells appearing as fibroblast-like or undifferentiated primitive mesenchymal cells around the myenteric ganglia and interstitial spaces by EM. In contrast, S-100 stain revealed a fine network of positive staining throughout the muscularis. Branches of nonmyelinated axons and nerve endings were found regularly between myocytes with direct contact with muscle cells by EM. The cells that we could depict as ICC because of their distribution andstaining pattern of CD117 were limited to the nonmuscular mesenchymal cells. No muscle cell-like ICC were found. Instead, the muscle cells in direct contact with nerve endings were often disfigured and the cytoarchitectural contents for muscle cells became less distinct because of lighter staining and loss of definite focal densities among actin filaments. However, these latter cells did maintain most muscle cell features, such as continuous external lamina, caveolae, and some of the peripheral densities. These findings raise a possibility that previous investigators could have included these altered muscle cells into the ICC group. It was also found that intestinal muscularis not only was richly endowed with an elaborate neural network of delicate axonal extensions and dense-core granule containing nerve endings traversing through and between myocytes, but also showed frequent synapse-like direct contact between nerve endings and muscle cells. These findings indicate that enteric nerves may play a major role in the control of intestinal motility, while CD117-positive cells play an accessory role as cells of Cajal as originally speculated. Further studies are necessary to better define and characterize interstitial cells of Cajal, which will be useful in the correlation of the vast number of data concerning the possible role of CD117-positive ICC in the pacemaker function of the intestine and oncogenesis of GIST.
An Exact Solution Approach Based on Shortest-Paths for p-Hub Median Problems

The problem of locating hub facilities arises in the design of transportation and telecommunications networks. The p-hub median problem belongs to a class of discrete location-allocation problems in which all the hubs are fully interconnected. Nonhub nodes may be either uniquely or multiply allocated to hubs. The hubs are uncapacitated and the total number of hubs, p is specified a priori. We describe a novel exact-solution approach for solving the multiple-allocation case of the p-hub median problem and show how a similar method can be adapted for solving the more difficult single-allocation case. The methods for both of these solve shortest-path problems to obtain lower bounds, which are used in a branch-and-bound scheme to obtain the exact solution. Numerical results show the superiority of this new approach over traditional LP-based methods.
Evaluation and Implementation of a Chromogenic Agar Medium for Salmonella Detection in Stool in Routine Laboratory Diagnostics

ABSTRACT We evaluated which chromogenic agar medium for Salmonella detection in stool would be most sensitive and specific in our culture protocol. The use of BBL CHROMagar Salmonella chromogenic medium combined with xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar yielded a sensitivity of 100% and also reduced workload and costs.
Inhibition of Phenolic Acid Metabolism Results in Precocious Cell Death and Altered Cell Morphology in Leaves of Transgenic Tobacco Plants

Several complex phenotypic changes are induced when the transcription factor AmMYB308 is overexpressed in transgenic tobacco plants. We have previously shown that the primary effect of this transcription factor is to inhibit phenolic acid metabolism. In the plants that we produced, two morphological features were prominent: abnormal leaf palisade development and induction of premature cell death in mature leaves. Evidence from the analysis of these transgenic plants suggests that both changes resulted from the lack of phenolic intermediates. These results emphasize the importance of phenolic secondary metabolites in the normal growth and development of tobacco. We suggest that phenolic acid derivatives are important signaling molecules in the final stages of leaf palisade formation and that phenolic acid derivatives also play a prominent role in tissue senescence.
Spindle cell nevi and epithelioid cell nevi (so‐called juvenile melanomas) in children and adults. A clinicopathological study of 27 cases

been known to be a rarity.1. 34 Many lesions diagnosed as malignant melanomas, occurring in children, were found to have a benign clinical course.l*33* 3444 This problem was clarified to a considerable extent by S p i t P in 1948, with her description of the entity “juvenile melanoma. ” She presented a precise histopathological definition of this lesion found in childhood, offered convincing evidence of its benign nature, and indicated the frequency with which it had been previously erroneously diagnosed as malignant melanoma. In 1954, McWhorter and Woolnel30 reviewed the material at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. , and confirmed the existence and benign clinical behavior of “juvenile melanoma. ” Since then, a number of other cases have been reported. Two important objections can be raised to the use of the term “juvenile melanoma. ” First, since the original description of the lesion in children by Spitz,38 scattered case reI? lignant melanomas before puberty has
The osmoregulatory pathway represses mating pathway activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: isolation of a FUS3 mutant that is insensitive to the repression mechanism

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades are conserved signal transduction pathways that are required for eukaryotic cells to respond to a variety of stimuli. Multiple MAP kinase pathways can function within a single cell type; therefore, mechanisms that insulate one MAP kinase pathway from adventitious activations by parallel pathways may exist. We have studied interactions between the mating pheromone response and the osmoregulatory (high-osmolarity glycerol response [HOG]) pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which utilize the MAP kinases Fus3p and Hog1p, respectively. Inactivating mutations in HOG pathway kinases cause an increase in the phosphotyrosine content of Fus3p, greater expression of pheromone-responsive genes, and increased sensitivity to growth arrest by pheromone. Therefore, the HOG pathway represses mating pathway activity. In a HOG1+ strain, Fus3p phosphotyrosine increases modestly and transiently following an increase in the extracellular osmolarity; however, it increases to a greater extent and for a sustained duration in a hog1-delta strain. Thus, the HOG-mediated repression of mating pathway activity may insulate the mating pathway from activation by osmotic stress. A FUS3 allele whose gene product is resistant to the HOG-mediated repression of its phosphotyrosine content has been isolated. This mutant encodes an amino acid substitution in the highly conserved DPXDEP motif in subdomain XI. Other investigators have shown that the corresponding amino acid is also mutated in a gain-of-function allele of the MAP kinase encoded by the rolled locus in Drosophila melanogaster. These data suggest that the DPXDEP motif plays a role in the negative regulation of MAP kinases.
Nanoscale Engineering for Reducing Phase Noise in Electronic Devices

An investigation of electronic 1/f noise in ultrasmall devices and systems is presented, focused on nanoscale engineering of electronic devices for low phase noise. The investigation is based on the quantum 1/f formulas. Nanotechnology raises new questions of electronic noise, since fluctuations are more important in smaller devices. Based on the quantum 1/f noise theory, we find that in a certain transition range of sizes this general law is suspended, but reappears for 1/f noise in the nanometer domain, where the transition from coherent to conventional quantum 1/f effect is complete. The coherent and conventional quantum 1/f effects and their connection are briefly derived. The resulting quantum 1/f formulas are used to derive the 1/f noise of GaN/AlGaN MODFETs, resonant tunneling diodes, bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave quartz resonators, microelectromechanical systems resonators,and spin valves. They are also used to calculate phase noise in these devices and in oscillators based on them, from first principles along with some classical noise sources. Device optimization is thus facilitated for ultrasmall devices.
Correction for Righter and Ghiorso, Redox systematics of a magma ocean with variable pressure-temperature gradients and composition

EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES Correction for “Redox systematics of a magma ocean with variable pressure-temperature gradients and composition,” by K. Righter and M. S. Ghiorso, which appeared in issue 30, July 24, 2012, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (109:11955–11960; first published July 9, 2012; 10.1073/pnas.1202754109). The authors note the following: “The calculations that we presented for high-MgO concentration silicate melts are unduly sensitive to small variations in the K2O content of the liquid, stemming from the equation of state (EOS) [(1), hereafter referred to as Part IV EOS] that we utilized to calculate thermodynamic properties of the silicate liquid at high pressure. Although we attributed the strong decrease in ΔIW values for peridotite seen in Figs. 4 and 5 to the possibility of Fe2O3 being stabilized in the presence of alkalis in the basalt composition (as well as to the effect of extremely high temperature conditions on the melt volume), the Part IV EOS does not include treatment of Fe2O3, so this argument may only be relevant to the natural system; in the Part IV EOS all oxidized iron is treated as FeO. Instead, the strong decrease can be attributed to K2O contents; above 20 GPa, the Part IV EOS calibration pinned the komatiite fit to a K2O content of 0.25 wt%; i.e., K2O is not an independent variable for high-MgO liquid above 20 GPa. A similar conclusion can be reached for the K2O of MORB liquid above 20 GPa, and to a lesser extent about the other alkali, Na2O. Given that there are more data constraints in the Part IV EOS to calibrate variation of Na2O content, we expect the sensitivity of derived thermodynamic properties on Na2O variation to be muted. However, due caution should be exercised and Na2O contents should not stray far from the komatiite and MORB calibrants used to derive the Part IV EOS model. We now conclude that the only consistent way to deal with high-magnesia liquids in the context of the Part IV EOS model is to use a K2O ∼0.25 wt%, instead of the 0.03 wt% K2O in natural peridotite. As a result, Figs. 4, 5, and 6 and their respective legends appeared incorrectly. “Any use of the online fO2 calculator above 20–25 GPa for peridotite, komatiite or similar high-MgO bulk composition liquids must fix K2O content of silicate melt to 0.25 wt% K2O, otherwise erroneous fO2 values may result. ” The corrected figures and their corrected legends appear below. These errors do not affect the conclusions of the article.
Etoposide and cisplatin (EP) chemotherapy for good risk germ cell tumors (GCT): The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) experience.

4533 Background: Phase 3 trials at MSKCC showed 4 cycles of EP to be effective and tolerable treatment for good risk advanced GCTs (JCO 1997;15:2553). Additional patients (pts) have been treated and follow-up (f/u) updated to detect late relapses. METHODS 379 pts with good risk GCT received EP from 11/82-12/02 on 4 protocols. MSKCC criteria (Cancer 1991;67:28) were used to assign risk status prospectively until 8/1994. Thereafter, the International Germ Cell Consensus Classification Group (IGCCCG) criteria were used. All pts were retrospectively classified according to IGCCCG criteria. EP consisted of 4 cycles of etoposide 100 mg/m2 and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 days 1-5 every 21 days. RESULTS 295/379 (78%) had nonseminoma; 84 (22%) had seminoma. Primary site was testis-365 (96%), retroperitoneum-8 (2%), mediastinum-6 (2%). By IGCCCG criteria, 291 (77%) were good risk, 75 (20%) intermediate risk and 13 (3%) poor risk. Of 291 IGCCCG good risk pts, 284 achieved a CR [98%; 273 to chemotherapy (c) and 11 to chemo+surgery (c+s)], 18 (6%) relapsed, and 9 (3%) died of disease (DOD). Among 75 IGCCCG intermediate risk pts originally classified as MSKCC good risk, 67 achieved a CR (89%; 64 CR-c and 3 CR-c+s), 8 (11%) relapsed, and 11 (15%) DOD. Of 13 IGCCCG poor risk pts originally classified as MSKCC good risk, 8 achieved a CR-c, 2 relapsed, and 7 DOD. 27/379 (7%) pts died of disease. 7 died of other causes (3-heme malignancy, 2-infection, 1-myocardial infarction, 1-accident). Four pts NED at last f/u died of unknown cause (death confirmed by Social Security index; 3 good risk, 1 intermediate risk). Overall, 275/291 (95%) good risk pts were alive at median f/u of 7.5 years and 16 (5%) were dead (9 DOD, 7 dead of unknown/other cause). Of 144 good risk pts treated from 11/82-12/90 (reported in JCO 1997;15:2553), at a median f/u of 12.9 years, no relapses occurred after f/u of 3 years. CONCLUSIONS 4 cycles of EP is a highly effective therapy (with surgery as necessary) for pts with good risk GCT with a high cure rate and no evidence of increased rate of early or late relapses. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species in non‐phagocytic cells

A growing body of evidence suggests a potential role for oxygen‐derived radicals such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide as intracellular signaling molecules. Recently, progress has been made regarding the regulation of oxidant production in non‐phagocytic cells. Significant gaps in understanding persist, however, especially in regard to the source(s) of oxidant production and the direct intracellular target(s) of oxygen radicals. Nonetheless, numerous recent studies have implicated a dynamic change in the intracellular redox state as an important determinant in a host of cellular decisions ranging from growth, to apoptosis, to cellular senescence. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 337–340; 1999.
Information flow control in a parallel language framework

A discussion is given on a programming language based approach to information flow control in a system of communicating processes. The approach differs from previous work in that the security level approach to controlling flows is replaced by a mechanism where flows are registered in terms of the set of variable signaling information and that the manner of registering the inter-process information flows does not require any extra message exchanges. The language chosen to present these ideas is Hoare's CSP. The authors give the 'security semantics' of CSP and show, with the aid of two examples, how these semantics can be used to conduct security proofs of parallel programs. <<ETX>>
A Single-Site Iron(III)-Salan Catalyst for Converting COS to Sulfur-Containing Polymers

An iron(III) complex of tetradentate N,N'-disubstituted bis(aminophenoxide) (designated as salan, a saturated version of the corresponding salen ligand) with a sterically hindered organic base anchored on the ligand framework, can selectively mediate the conversion of carbonyl sulfide to sulfur-containing polymers by the copolymerization with epoxides. This single-site catalyst exhibits broad substrate scope, and the resultant copolymers have completely alternating structures. In addition, this catalyst is efficient in producing diblock copolymers, suggesting a living polymerization nature.
Knowledge management and measurement: a critical review

Purpose – Knowledge is the currency of the current economy, a vital organisational asset and a key to creating a sustainable competitive advantage. The consequent interest in knowledge management (KM) has spurred an exponential increase in publications covering a broad spectrum of diverse and overlapping research areas. The purpose of this paper is to provide a literature review and categorised analysis of the rapidly growing number of KM publications, and offer a comprehensive reference for new-comers embarking on research in the field with a particular focus on the area of knowledge measurement. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 350 articles published in peer-reviewed journals over the last decade are carefully reviewed, analysed and categorised according to their specific subject matter in the KM context. Findings – KM research tends to fall in one of five categories: Ontology of Knowledge and KM, Knowledge Management Systems, Role of Information Technology, Managerial and Social issues, and Kno.
Lande g Factors and Orbital Momentum Quenching in Semiconductor Quantum Dots

We show that electron and hole Lande g factors in self-assembled III-V quantum dots have a rich structure intermediate between that of paramagnetic atomic impurities and bulk semiconductors. Strain, dot geometry, and confinement energy modify the effective g factors, yet are insufficient to explain our results. We find that the dot's discrete energy spectrum quenches the orbital angular momentum, pushing the electron g factor towards 2, even when all the materials have negative bulk g factors. The approximate shape of a dot can be determined from measurements of the g factor asymmetry.
Modeling individual behaviors in crowd simulation

This paper presents a model for studying the impact of individual agent characteristics in emergent groups, based on the evacuation efficiency as a result of local interactions. We used the physically based model of crowd simulation proposed by Helbing et al. (2000) and generalized it in order to deal with different individualities for agent and group behaviors. In addition, we present a framework to visualize the virtual agents and discuss the obtained results. A variety of simulations with different parameter sets shows significant impact on the evacuation scenario.
Global Benchmarking of Marketing Doctoral Program Faculty and Institutions by Subarea

This study benchmarks marketing doctoral programs worldwide in five popular subareas by faculty and institutional scholarly impact. A multi-item approach identifies a collection of top-tier scholarly journals for each subarea, while citation data over the decade 2003 to 2012 identify high scholarly impact marketing faculty by subarea used to benchmark and compare faculty and programs globally. The major findings include top-tier journal collections in five popular doctoral program marketing subareas, the dominance of U.S.-based marketing scholars, and the scholarly inroads of northern European programs. The findings offer insight for a number of stakeholders, including potential doctoral students, faculty recruitment and retention, and institutional image building.
Plug-in Electric Vehicle Markets and Their Infrastructure Investment Policies under Fuel Economy Uncertainty

: The authors model the development of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) markets hand-in-hand with the charging infrastructure for PEV users and include the market ﬂuctuation of fuel costs. One of the driving factors for PEV buyers is the prospect of fuel cost-savings relative to the price of the PEV. Another key factor is charging station availability in the community. The decision regarding whether to purchase a PEV thus involves an investment decision under fuel economy uncertainty in the future. Policies to support the proliferation of PEVs are also aﬀected by the economic trend of fossil fuels. This paper estimates the possible ranges of gasoline price ﬂuctuation over the next 10 years and quantitatively analyzes these ﬂuctuations’ inﬂuence on the market growth of electric vehicles. We then aim to evaluate various public subsidy initiatives to PEV buyers and charging infrastructure enterprises.
How market oriented are business studies degrees

When business courses are being reviewed and validated, academics will often claim that the course prepares students for their future careers in business and management. However, contacting graduates of long standing (who are well established in their profession and who would arguably be the best judges of the course's value) does not always happen. The objective of the research was to make contact with ex‐students, who graduated some time ago, with the aim of obtaining useful information on the following inter‐related topics: Their post‐university career pathway; The vocational relevance of their course; Their attitudes to and take‐up of postgraduate and professional qualifications; Their opinions of course structure and content; and An assessment of market needs in the development/ modification of courses. Graduates of the BA (HONS) Business Studies degree were contacted and the above objectives were achieved. The methodology used should be transferable to other institutions and disciplines.