Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectrally Efficient Time-Frequency Training OFDM for Mobile Large-Scale MIMO Systems

Large-scale orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising candidate to achieve the spectral efficiency up to several tens of bps/Hz for future wireless communications. One key challenge to realize practical large-scale OFDM MIMO systems is high-dimensional channel estimation in mobile multipath channels. In this paper, we propose the time-frequency training OFDM (TFT-OFDM) transmission scheme for large-scale MIMO systems, where each TFT-OFDM symbol without cyclic prefix adopts the time-domain training sequence (TS) and the frequency-domain orthogonal grouped pilots as the time-frequency training information. At the receiver, the corresponding time-frequency joint channel estimation method is proposed to accurately track the channel variation, whereby the received time-domain TS is used for path delays estimation without interference cancellation, while the path gains are acquired by the frequency-domain pilots. The channel property that path delays vary much slower than path gains is further exploited to improve the estimation performance, and the sparse nature of wireless channel is utilized to acquire the path gains by very few pilots. We also derive the theoretical Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the proposed channel estimator. Compared with conventional large-scale OFDM MIMO systems, the proposed TFT-OFDM MIMO scheme achieves higher spectral efficiency as well as the coded bit error rate performance close to the ergodic channel capacity in mobile environments.
Mechanisms of cold intolerance in patients with angina.

OBJECTIVES Patients with angina often report that symptoms are worse in cold weather. This study was designed to determine differences between cold-tolerant and cold-intolerant patients in the hemodynamic and ischemic response to exercise at cold temperatures and to assess the role of catecholamines and baroreceptor function. BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that the heart rate response may differ at cold temperatures, but the mechanism and role of this variation have not been examined. METHODS Seven cold-intolerant and seven cold-tolerant patients with angina underwent exercise treadmill testing at 6 and 25 degrees C with measurement of catecholamines. Baroreceptor function was assessed by the decrease in systolic blood pressure after patients stood up from the supine position. RESULTS Norepinephrine levels increased by 139% in the cold environment, but there were no differences between cold-intolerant and cold-tolerant patients. Consequently, blood pressure was higher in the cold environment in all patients, but the heart rate response was similar. However, cold-intolerant patients had a steeper heart rate response in the cold and developed ischemia (mean [+/- SEM] 201 +/- 58 vs. 242 +/- 50 s, p = 0.05) and angina (348 +/- 87 vs. 449 +/- 60 s, p = 0.04) earlier in the cold environment, a difference not seen in the cold-tolerant patients. Baroreceptor function was impaired in cold-intolerant patients (decrease in systolic blood pressure after patients stood up from the supine position 19 +/- 7 vs. 0 +/- 4 mm Hg, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to cold causes an increase in blood pressure with an associated increase in myocardial oxygen demand in all patients. In cold-tolerant patients, this increase may be offset by a reduction in heart rate if baroreceptor function is normal. If baroreceptor function is abnormal, heart rate may not decrease in response to a cold-induced increase in blood pressure. This mechanism may account for some of the variability in tolerance to cold exposure that affects patients with exertional angina.
Investigation of glial cells in semithin sections. II. Variation with age in the numbers of the various glial cell types in rat cortex and corpus callosum

Semithin Epon sections stained with toluidine blue were used to enumerate astrocytes, microglia, the three subtypes of oligodendrocytes, and cells referred to as free subependymal cells, in the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex of male Sherman rats of various ages. The period covered extended from a few days before weaning (3/4 month of age) until the time when growth became negligible (5 months of age).
Cylindrical Resonator Sectorally Filled With DNG Metamaterial and Excited by a Line Source

A circular cylindrical resonator with metallic walls is analyzed in the phasor domain. The resonator contains a wedge of double-negative (DNG) metamaterial that is anti-isorefractive to the double-positive (DPS) material filling the remaining volume of the resonator, and whose edge is located on the resonator axis. The resonance conditions are established. The problem of an electric line source parallel to the axis and located anywhere inside the DPS region is solved exactly. Numerical results are presented and discussed.
Feline Mammary Tumors Show Altered COX-2 and BRCA 1 Expression

Cancer is the one of the main causes of death in cats and dogs, while it is the second most cause of deaths in humans. In third world countries, less attention is paid to the health of pets. The genes (COX-2 and BRCA1) are selected to study the mutation and gene expressional profiling (qPCR, Real Time PCR) in mammary tumor of cats. Being mammals, cats are studied as a model as they may suffer from cancer in the same way as that of humans. Five (n=5) mammary tumors and twenty five (n=25) normal mammary tissues are collected from different cats respectively. All samples were collected from Lahore city, Punjab, Pakistan. High grade negative gene expression of BRCA1 was observed in all mammary tumors. Here, we found that 40% of the mammary tumors showed upregulation of COX-2 gene with fold changes i.e. 1.76 and 1.84, respectively. While remaining mammary tumors showed positive behavior of COX-2 gene expression, but it was down regulated as compared to normal samples included in the study with fold changes i.e. 0, 0.76 and 0.82. Sequencing of whole coding region of COX-2 gene (1-10 exons) and the hot spot 5’ (N terminal, i.e. 1, 2, 12 exons) and 3’ region (C terminal, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 exons) of BRCA1 gene which comprised of 1812bp, 1128bp and 2024bp, respectively was also performed. There was not a single mutation observed in the selected regions. In conclusion, it was observed that the drastic reduction in BRCA1 gene expression and over expression of COX-2 may have a role in mammary tumor of cats. The fold change of COX-2 gene in tumors has been associated with the extent of aggressive tumor’s type. However, the mechanism behind the abnormal function of these genes is not clear yet and further studies are required.
An integrated framework with UML and Object-Z for developing a precise and understandable specification: the light control case study

Presents a framework that integrates a graphical specification technique (UML) with a formal specification technique (Object-Z) to support requirements elicitation and analysis activities. Various UML diagrams are used to specify the system from different concerns during the early requirements elicitation and analysis stage. The information captured in the diagrams is used to develop a complete Object-Z specification. This paper presents a semantic translation from statechart diagrams to Object-Z specifications. Finally, based on information captured in sequence diagrams and use case diagrams, a functional model of the whole system is formally defined. The case study used in this paper is a real-time, interactive and embedded system: a light control system.
The Long-Run Stock Price Performance of Firms with Effective TQM Programs

This paper documents the long-run stock price performance of firms with effective Total Quality Management (TQM) programs. The winning of quality awards is used as a proxy for effective TQM implementation. We compare stock price performance of award winners against various matched control groups for a five-year implementation period and a five-year postimplementation period. During the implementation period there is no difference in the stock price performance, but during the postimplementation period award winners significantly outperform firms in the various control groups. Depending on the control group used, the mean outperformance ranges from 38% to 46%. Our results clearly indicate that effective implementation of TQM principles and philosophies leads to significant wealth creation. Furthermore, our results should alleviate many of the concerns regarding the value of quality award systems. Overall, these systems are valuable in terms of recognizing TQM firms and promoting awareness of TQM.
Pretreatment with the dopamine agonist 7‐OH‐DPAT shifts the cocaine self‐administration dose‐effect function to the left under different schedules in the rat

This study tested the hypothesis that administration of the dopamine agonist 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) shifts the cocaine self-administration dose-effect function to the left, rather than producing nonspecific effects or exclusively enhancing the rate-decreasing effects of high doses of cocaine. Under fixed-ratio or progressive-ratio schedules, rats were allowed to intravenously self-administer cocaine, 7-OH-DPAT, or a combination of cocaine and 7-OH-DPAT. In additional tests under fixed-ratio schedules, cocaine self-administration followed subcutaneous pretreatment with 7-OH-DPAT. Cocaine dose-effect functions were obtained by varying the unit dose of cocaine either between test sessions or within a single session. Intravenous 7-OH-DPAT (1–4 μg) decreased self-administration of the training dose of cocaine (0.25 mg) under a fixed-ratio schedule, but failed to shift the entire cocaine self-administration dose effect function to the left under fixed-ratio or progressive-ratio schedules. 7-OH-DPAT alone maintained i.v. self-administration under these schedules, but produced a shallow self-administration dose-effect function, relative to cocaine, under the progressive-ratio schedule. In contrast to intravenous 7-OH-DPAT, s.c. pretreatment with 7-OH-DPAT (0.1–0.4 mg/kg) not only decreased self-administration of the training dose of cocaine but also lowered the minimum effective dose of cocaine under fixed-ratio schedules, producing a shift to the left of the cocaine self-administration dose-effect function; these effects were independent of whether the dose of cocaine was varied between sessions or within a single session. Likewise under a multiple schedule, in which responding was maintained by cocaine and food in alternate components, s.c. pretreatment with 7-OH-DPAT increased self-administration of the dose of cocaine on the ascending limb of the dose-effect function and decreased self-administration of doses of cocaine on the descending limb, while uniformly decreasing responding for food. These observations suggest that pretreatment with 7− OH-DPAT enhances the reinforcing properties of cocaine rather than producing nonspecific effects or enhancing exclusively the rate-decreasing effects of high doses of self-administered cocaine.
ENVIRONMEN TAL HEALTH PER S PEC T I VES ENVIRONMEN TAL HEALTH PER S PEC T I VES

Background: Animal studies show that brain fluoride levels increase with increasing exposure to fluoride. Human studies have indicated an association between high levels of drinking-water fluoride and lower intelligence. Data on the association between serum fluoride and children’s intelligence quotient (IQ) are limited. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the relationship between serum fluoride and children’s IQ. Methods: We collected blood samples from 512 children aged 8-13 years from two villages (Wamiao and Xinhuai) in China. We also used minitype fluoride ion selective electrode and Combined Raven’s Test for Rural China (CRT-RC) to measure serum fluoride and children’s IQ. Results: In Wamiao, the mean (± SD) serum fluoride concentration was 0.081 ± 0.019 mg/L, and average children’s IQ was 92.02 ± 13.00; in Xinhuai, the mean serum fluoride concentration was 0.041 ± 0.009 mg/L and average IQ was 100.41 ± 13.21. There was a significant inverse association between serum fluoride concentration and IQ scores among children in Wamiao (regression coefficient for a 1-unit change in serum fluoride = –112.61, p = 0.015), the association was not significant in Xinhuai (regression coefficient = 78.85, p = 0.362). Serum fluoride levels were negatively associated with IQ after adjustment for age and sex [odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for IQ < 80 of 2.22 (1.42-3.47) and 2.48 (1.85-3.32) for serum fluoride concentrations of 0.05–0.08 and > 0.08 mg/L compared with < 0.05 mg/L, respectively, p for trend < 0.001]. IQ was not related to family income or parent’s education level. There was a significant positive relation between serum fluoride and drinking-water fluoride. Conclusions: The results indicated that fluoride in drinking water was highly correlated with serum fluoride, and that higher fluoride exposure may affect intelligence among children.
Elderly individuals with increased risk of falls show postural balance impairment

Introducao As quedas sao um grave problema de saude publica. Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se idosos com maior risco de quedas possuem deficit de equilibrio postural, quantificado por meio de uma plataforma de forca durante o teste de apoio unipodal. Materiais e metodos A amostra foi constituida por 94 idosos fisicamente independentes integrantes do projeto EELO. Como instrumentos de medidas para a avaliacao, foram utilizados a Escala de Downton, para determinar os riscos, e historicos de quedas e a plataforma de forca, para quantificar o equilibrio postural por meio dos parâmetros do centro de pressao (COP). Resultados Os idosos foram alocados em dois grupos conforme o escore da Escala de Downton: G1 — baixo risco de quedas (escore ≤ 2) — e G2 — alto risco de quedas (escore > 2). Nao foram observadas diferencas entre os grupos quanto ao genero (P > 0,05, teste do Qui Quadrado). Por outro lado, foi observado que individuos do grupo G2 apresentam maior instabilidade postural em comparacao aos do grupo G1, por apresentar valores aumentados de todos os parâmetros do COP (Teste de Mann-Whitney, P < 0,05). Conclusao Pode-se concluir que a escala de Downton apresenta sensibilidade para discriminar individuos com deficit de equilibrio e risco aumentado para quedas. Desta forma, pode-se sugerir que esta escala poderia ser adotada na atencao primaria a saude e nos programas preventivos de deteccao de quedas em idosos.
Peak levels of BMP in the Drosophila embryo control target genes by a feed-forward mechanism

Gradients of morphogens determine cell fates by specifying discrete thresholds of gene activities. In the Drosophila embryo, a BMP gradient subdivides the dorsal ectoderm into amnioserosa and dorsal epidermis, and also inhibits neuroectoderm formation. A number of genes are differentially expressed in response to the gradient, but how their borders of expression are established is not well understood. We present evidence that the BMP gradient, via the Smads, provides a two-fold input in regulating the amnioserosa-specific target genes such as Race. Peak levels of Smads in the presumptive amnioserosa set the expression domain of zen, and then Smads act in combination with Zen to directly activate Race. This situation resembles a feed-forward mechanism of transcriptional regulation. In addition, we demonstrate that ectopically expressed Zen can activate targets like Race in the presence of low level Smads, indicating that the role of the highest activity of the BMP gradient is to activate zen.
Co‐expression of osteopontin and CD44v9 in gastric cancer

We have examined the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in 40 human primary gastric carcinoma tissues, 5 metastatic foci (lymph nodes) and corresponding normal mucosas. Twenty‐nine of 40 primary tumors (72.5%) and 3 of 5 lymph node metastases (60%) overexpressed OPN mRNA in comparison with those of the corresponding normal mucosa. The incidence as well as relative expression level of OPN mRNA was higher in well differentiated gastric cancers than poorly differentiated ones. Moreover, increased OPN mRNA expression in primary tumor specimens was observed along with the advancement of the clinico‐pathological stage. Using in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis, not only inflammatory cells in tumor stroma but also tumor cells showed positive signals for OPN mRNA. By immunohistochemistry, co‐immunoreaction of OPN and CD44v9 in tumor cells obviously correlated with the degree of lymphatic vessel invasion or long distant lymph node metastases in poorly differentiated gastric cancer. Interestingly, strong co‐immunoreaction of OPN and CD44v9 of tumor cells was concommitant with cluster formation in the lymphatic vessels. Our results suggest that overexpression of OPN correlated with the progression of human gastric carcinoma. Especially in CD44‐bearing poorly differentiated gastric cancer, interaction between OPN and CD44 may parallel lymphogenous metastasis. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 79:127–132, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The imprinted H19 gene is a marker of early recurrence in human bladder carcinoma

Aims—To investigate the expression of the imprinted oncofetal H19 gene in human bladder carcinoma and to examine the possibility of using it as a tumour marker, similar to other oncofetal gene products. Methods—In situ hybridisation for H19 RNA was performed on 61 first biopsies of bladder carcinoma from Hadassah Medical Centre in Jerusalem. The intensity of the reaction and the number of tumour cells expressing H19 in each biopsy were evaluated in 56 patients, excluding biopsies with carcinoma in situ. The medical files were searched for demographic data and disease free survival. Results—More than 5% of cells expressed H19 in 47 of the 56 (84%) biopsies. There was a decrease in the number of cells expressing H19 with increasing tumour grade (loss of differentiation) (p = 0.03). Disease free survival from the first biopsy to first recurrence was significantly shorter in patients with tumours having a larger fraction of H19 expressing cells, controlling for tumour grade. This was also supported by the selective analysis of tumour recurrence in patients with grade I tumours. Conclusions—It might be possible to use H19 as a prognostic tumour marker for the early recurrence of bladder cancer. In addition, for the gene therapy of bladder carcinoma that is based on the transcriptional regulatory sequences of H19, the expression of H19 in an individual biopsy could be considered a predictive tumour marker for selecting those patients who would benefit from this form of treatment.
A Two-stage Case-Control Study of EGFR Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk

The incidence of breast cancer has steadily increased with an estimated 1 million new diagnoses and 400,000 deaths per year worldwide ([1][1]). Only a small fraction of breast cancer cases can be explained by rare, highly penetrant mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 , suggesting that common
Generasi Z: Memahami Karakter Generasi Baru yang Akan Mengubah Dunia Kerja

Gen Z lahir dari 1995 sampai 2012. Dengan jumlah 72,8 juta orang, mereka akan membuat kehadiran mereka diketahui di tempat kerja dengan berbagai caradan pemimpin perlu memahami perbedaan mereka dengan generasi-generasi lainnya. Mereka sangat berbeda dengan Millennial, dan belum ada yang membicarakan merekasampai saat ini. Generasi ini memiliki sudut pandang yang benar-benar unik mengenai karier dan cara meraih kesuksesan sukses di dunia kerja. Berdasarkan studi mengenai perilaku Gen Z di dunia kerja; wawancara dengan ratusan CEO dan selebritas, serta pemikiran para pemimpin mengenai isu generasi; studi kasus mutakhir; dan pandangan Gen Z sendiri, buku ini menawarkan pengetahuan yang dibutuhkan pemimpin masa kini untuk mengatasi kesenjangan berikutnya dan cara terbaik untuk merekrut, mempertahankan, memotivasi, serta mengelola Gen Z. Dengan tujuan mencapai angkatan kerja yang produktif, buku ini menawarkan cara pandang yang pertama, menyeluruh, dan serius mengenai bagaimana generasi pekerja berikutnya serta apa artinya bagi kita semua.
MINI ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (MINI-AES): A TESTBED FOR CRYPTANALYSIS STUDENTS

In this paper, we present a mini version of Rijndael, the symmetric-key block cipher selected as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) recently. Mini-AES has all the parameters significantly reduced while at the same time preserving its original structure. It is meant to be a purely educational cipher and is not considered secure for actual applications. The purpose is such that once undergraduate students and amateur cryptanalysts have grasped the basic principles behind how Mini-AES works, it will be easy for them to move on to the real AES. At the same time, an illustration of how the Square attack can be applied to Mini-AES is presented in the hope that Mini-AES would also serve as a testbed for students to begin their cryptanalysis efforts.
Energy-Saving Analysis in Cellular–WLAN Cooperative Scenarios

This paper addresses scenarios where cellular mobile subscribers implement a cooperative content-sharing service by using short-range radio communications in a wireless local area network (WLAN) and benefit from this situation to reduce the energy consumption. A central entity acts as a coordinator by identifying the data shares to be downloaded by each cooperating user to guarantee fairness and stability of the cooperative downloading process. The intended objective is achieved by carefully modeling the energy consumption on the WLAN radio links and by exploiting the proposed model within the framework of a coalitional game triggered by the coordinator. A performance assessment analysis confirms the expected gains achievable by the cooperative group of users.
Efficient Labor and Capital Income Taxation over the Life Cycle

This paper analyzes Pareto optimal taxation of labor and capital income in a lifecycle framework with private information and idiosyncratic risk. We focus on historyindependent tax systems. We thereby complement the Mirrlees taxation literature, which has so far typically either characterized optimal history-dependent distortions or focused on static environments. For labor income taxes, we provide a novel decomposition of tax formulas into a redistribution and an insurance component. The latter is independent of redistributive motives and is determined by the degree of income risk and risk aversion. We show that the optimal linear capital tax rate is non-zero and derive a simple formula, which trades off redistributive and insurance benefits against the efficiency loss from savings distortions. Our quantitative results show that the insurance component contributes significantly to optimal labor tax rates. Optimal capital taxes are significant and yield sizable welfare gains.