Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the robustness of zonal mean climate change detection

We assess the robustness of previous optimal detection and attribution studies considering zonal‐mean temperatures. Principal results, which have consistently pointed towards a demonstrable anthropogenic influence on recently observed upper air temperatures, are confirmed. Importantly our detection results are not critically dependent on the inclusion of stratospheric as well as tropospheric temperatures. We find that detection is dependent on input field pre‐processing choices, and on the choice of detection algorithm. There are a number of cases where either no signals are detected, or results fail a consistency test.
The construct “lifestyle” in market segmentation

The swift and wide‐ranging changes that present‐day society is undergoing are leading to an increasing personalization in consumer behaviour patterns. These are increasingly less well explained by socio‐demographic and economic criteria. This effect seems to be particularly well reflected in tourism. As one of the chief characteristics of this market is its heterogeneity, there is a need to include other variables, such as lifestyle, in order to segment it more adequately. This would permit a greater depth of knowledge of the variables influencing tourist behaviours, rendering them accessible to businesses, which could thus better satisfy tourists’ needs and wants by matching the services they offer more efficiently to them. Defines the construct “lifestyle” based on the activities, interests and opinions approach. Offers in addition certain innovations of scholarly interest, but also of practical use for business. Although this variable is not a brand‐new concept, it is still being actively researched.
Nomen est Omen: How Company Names Influence Short- and Long-Run Stock Market Performance

I use a survey methodology to obtain consensus ratings of 64 Swiss company names. The survey evidence suggests that simple cognitive company name characteristics do affect the buy and sell decision of respondents. Furthermore, I find that respondents attribute positive stock performance rather to a nice name than to an ugly name. In the empirical results I present new evidence on IPO underpricing for the Swiss stock market. Further results indicate that not only do firms with a favourable name rating exhibit significantly higher initial returns upon going public, but also exhibit higher (abnormal) stock returns up to 10 trading days after the initial offering. Subsample analysis and the application of standard benchmark-adjusted return measurement techniques reveals that the effect correlates highly with hot issue markets.
Care Coordination for Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs: A Descriptive, Multisite Study of Activities, Personnel Costs, and Outcomes

OBJECTIVES. Objectives included testing use of the care-coordination measurement tool in pediatric primary care practices; describing care-coordination activities for children and youth that occur in primary care practices; assessing the relationship of care-coordination activities in the medical home with outcomes related to resource use; and measuring the direct personnel costs of care-coordination activities. METHODS. Six general pediatric practices were selected, representing a diverse range of sizes, locations, patient demographics, and care-coordination activity model types. The care-coordination measurement tool was used over a period of 8 months in 2003 to record all of the nonreimbursable care-coordination activity encounters performed by any office-based personnel. The tool enabled recording of activities, resources-use outcomes, and time. Cost of personnel performing care-coordination activities was derived by extrapolation from the time spent. RESULTS. Care-coordination activity services were used by patients of all complexity levels. Children and youth with special health care needs with acute-onset, family-based psychosocial problems experienced 14% of the care-coordination activity encounters and used 21% of the care-coordination activities minutes. Children and youth without special health care needs, without complicating family psychosocial problems, received 50% of the encounters and used 36% of the care-coordination activity minutes. The average cost per care-coordination activity encounter varied from $4.39 to $12.86, with an overall mean of $7.78. A principal cost driver seemed to be the percentage of care-coordination activities performed by physicians. Office-based nurses prevented a large majority of emergency department visits and episodic office visits. CONCLUSIONS. Care-coordination activity was assessed at the practice level, and the care-coordination measurement tool was used successfully during the operations of typical, pediatric, primary care settings. The presence of acute, family-based social stressors was a significant driver of need for care-coordination activities. A high proportion of dependence on care-coordination performed by physicians led to increased costs. Office-based nurses providing care coordination were responsible for a significant number of episodes of avoidance of higher cost use outcomes.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCH) followed by abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART) in cervical cancer: long term follow up results of the Buenos Aires experience

Objectives: To analyze the long term follow up results of NCH followed by art in stages ib1 >2 cm and <4 cm squamous cervical carcinomas. Methods: Prospective trial over 27 pts. submitted to an art between 10/04-10/15. In five cases stages ib1, (tumor >2 & <4 cm), underwent platinum based NCH. They were staged under figo´s staging system. MRI scan and hysteroscopy were performed before and after NCH as presurgical staging studies. Patients were included by the intention to treat. The surgery was performed 1 month after the last cycle of NCH. The art was sparing the uterine arteries and hypogastric plexus and was performed always by the same surgical team. Long term follow up results and survival rates were analyzed. Results: Median age: 27, 5 years old. The art could be successfully performed in 4/5 cases. Toxicity: hematologic, grade 1; alopecia, grade 2. MRI and hysteroscopy confirmed the tumor response after NCH. Three women got pregnant, one of them, twice. Pregnancies were spontaneously conceived. Three deliveries by cesarean section at 35, 5 weeks were done, obtaining 3 healthy new-borns. One case of abortion. Neither complications were observed during the prenatal controls nor at and after the surgery. No case of corioamnionitis was registered. No neonatal adverse effects occurred related to the chemotherapy scheme given. OS and DFs: 100%. Follow-up: 8- 72 months. The follow up after births was 8 and 30 months, free of disease. Conclusions: NCH followed by art, is obstetrically and oncologically safe. It could be taken into account for selected patients with stages ib1 with tumors between 2-4 cm.
Effect of primary site on prognosis in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. A study using a new model to analyse anatomical locations

The prognostic impact of different anatomical sites in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) has been widely debated and requires further elucidation. Therefore, we developed EssDoll©, a new computerized method to address the question of site in relation to prognosis. A population-based cohort of 1891 patients, diagnosed between 1976 and 1987 with invasive CMM without evidence of metastasis, was identified. The body surface was divided into 24 areas. Hazard ratios (HRs) for CMM death were calculated and areas were compared in both the whole model and in pairs. Cox's proportional hazard regression model was used and adjustments were made for established prognostic factors. Furthermore, the overall effect of site was calculated using the likelihood ratio test. Overall, the tumour site was of prognostic importance (P=0.0036). There was a significantly increased risk of CMM-specific death in patients with a primary tumour site in the middle and lower back (HR=1.8, P=0.04) and in the supramammary and mammary area (HR=1.8, P=0.05). When all areas were analysed in pairs, the dorsal shoulder, superior back and clavicular area also showed a worse prognosis. CMM diagnosed in other anatomical regions, including the calves, Achilles, upper arms, forehead, temples, cheeks and face, seemed to be related to a better prognosis. It can be concluded that the tumour site is of prognostic importance, and that the middle and lower back and supramammary and mammary areas are independent factors related to a poor prognosis.
Effector Proteins Encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 Interfere with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton after Translocation into Host Cells

The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica has evolved strategies to modify its fate inside host cells. One key virulence factor for the intracellular pathogenesis is the type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2). We have previously described SPI2‐encoded SseF and SseG as effector proteins that are translocated by intracellular Salmonella. Detailed analysis of the subcellular localization of SseF and SseG within the host cell indicated that these effector proteins are associated with endosomal membranes as well as with microtubules. Specific association with microtubules was observed after translocation by intracellular Salmonella as well as after expression by transfection vectors. In epithelial cells infected with Salmonella, both SseF and SseG are required for the aggregation of endosomal compartments along microtubules and to induce the formation of massive bundles of microtubules. These observations demonstrate that SPI2 effectors interfere with the microtubule cytoskeleton and suggest that microtubule‐dependent host cell functions such as vesicle transport or organelle positioning are altered by intracellular Salmonella.
Comparative analysis of ZAP‐70 expression and Ig VH mutational status in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disorder with respect to its clinical course. Accurate identification of prognostic factors is becoming increasingly important in order to determine those patients requiring aggressive treatments. Two of the most predictive outcome markers are the Ig VH mutational gene status and ZAP‐70 expression. In earlier reports, both parameters have shown a high degree of concordance. To assess the value of these determinations in clinical practice, we simultaneously analyzed Ig VH mutations and ZAP‐70 expression in a consecutive series of B‐CLL.
Divergent selection on feather pecking behaviour in laying hens ( Gallus gallus domesticus )

A selection experiment was initiated in 1996 in which selection for (HP line) and against (LP line) feather pecking was performed. The foundation stock was a White Leghorn layer strain established in 1970 and maintained since then as a random bred control line at the Institute. Six hatches were produced over three generations. At the age of 68 weeks (generation 0, 1996), 35 weeks (generation 1, 1997), 30 weeks (generation 2, 1998), and 27 weeks (generation 3, 1999) female birds were transferred to observation pens and their feather pecking behaviour was recorded. In each generation, 30 females and 8 males were selected from approximately 200 females and 60 males. The selection criterion was breeding value estimated by animal model on the trait `number of bouts of feather pecking per bird per hour'. Feather pecking behaviour in adult hens was signi®cantly higher in HP than in LP. In generation 2 the following was recorded: 3.10 versus 1.37 bouts per bird per hour (P < 0:01), 7.04 versus 3.58 pecks per bird per hour (P < 0:05) and the proportion of hens recorded feather pecking in the 180 min observation period was 67 versus 56% (P < 0:05). In generation 3 the following was recorded: 4.56 versus 0.63 bouts per bird per hour (P < 0:001), 13.9 versus 2.51 pecks per bird per hour (P < 0:001) and the proportion of hens recorded feather pecking in the 180 min observation period was 75 versus 49% (P < 0:001). In generation 3, plumage condition was better in LP on neck, breast, back, wings and tail, as well as overall (P < 0:001). Body weight did not differ between lines in generation 2, but in generation 3, HP hens were on average heavier than LP hens at the age of 27 weeks (1435 g versus 1371 g, P < 0:001). # 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The sinus reaction in the axillary nodes in breast cancer related to tumour size and nodal state

The sinuses of the axillary nodes were studied in 59 breast cancer patients. Three types of reaction were defined in them; sinus histiocytosis, a mixed sinus reaction, and sinus catarrh. Sinus histiocytosis, as defined here, was virtually confined to the mode‐negative cases; sinus catarrh, common to both node‐negative and positive, but increasing with tumour size in the former. It is suggested that transition may occur from sinus histiocytosis, via the mixed reaction, to sinus catarrh, and that the establishment of the latter may facilitate tumour spread.
The Experience of Stigma among Black Mental Health Consumers

Little is known about how stigma affects Black people receiving mental health treatment. For a project to develop a consumer-based stigma intervention, qualitative interviews were conducted with public-sector Black mental health consumers (N=34). Primary themes from the interviews regarding stigma concerns, experiences, and coping strategies were examined. Concerns about stigma prompted most consumers initially to avoid or delay treatment; once in treatment, consumers commonly faced stigmatizing reactions from others. Consumers identified numerous strategies to deal with stigma, including seeking support from accepting members of their existing social networks, and viewing their own health as more important than the reaction of others. These consumer perspectives may be valuable to Black individuals who are contemplating seeking mental health treatment.
mTORβ Splicing Isoform Promotes Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis*

The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) promotes growth in response to nutrients and growth factors and is deregulated in numerous pathologies, including cancer. The mechanisms by which mTOR senses and regulates energy metabolism and cell growth are relatively well understood, whereas the molecular events underlining how it mediates survival and proliferation remain to be elucidated. Here, we describe the existence of the mTOR splicing isoform, TORβ, which, in contrast to the full-length protein (mTORα), has the potential to regulate the G1 phase of the cell cycle and to stimulate cell proliferation. mTORβ is an active protein kinase that mediates downstream signaling through complexing with Rictor and Raptor proteins. Remarkably, overexpression of mTORβ transforms immortal cells and is tumorigenic in nude mice and therefore could be a proto-oncogene.
Utility of chemiluminescence (ViziLite™) in the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders and benign keratoses.

BACKGROUND Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are known to precede the development of oral cancer. Detection of OPMD allows delivery of interventions that may reduce the evolution of these disorders to malignancy. Following oral examinations, the accuracy of detection of OPMD by chemiluminescence was evaluated using a commercially available detection kit - ViziLite. Data derived were compared in relation to conventional oral examination and surgical biopsy. METHODS A total of 126 patients, 70 men and 56 women (mean age 58.5 ± 11.9 years) attending Oral Medicine Clinics at King's and Guy's Hospitals, London, with oral white, red, and mixed white and red patches were enrolled. Sixty-one patients were current smokers, 28 were ex-smokers, while 92 were alcohol users. In a detailed investigation, these patients underwent ViziLite examination followed by surgical biopsy. RESULTS Based on the clinical diagnosis, 70 patients had oral leukoplakia/erythroplakia, 32 had oral lichen planus, nine had chronic hyperplastic candidiasis, and rest had frictional keratosis (13) or oral submucous fibrosis (2). Of 126 lesions, 95 (75.4%) showed aceto-whitening. Most oral leukoplakias had enhanced visibility and sharpness of the lesion when viewed with the ViziLite system. Following biopsy, 44 had oral epithelial dysplasia (29 mild, eight moderate, and seven severe). The sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) of chemiluminescence for the detection of a dysplastic lesion were 77.3% and 27.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION While ViziLite has the ability to detect OPMD, it does not accurately delineate dysplastic lesions. The device can be used as a general oral mucosal examination system and may in particular improve the visualization of leukoplakias.
Treatment response monitoring in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor using diffusion‐weighted imaging: preliminary results in comparison with positron emission tomography/computed tomography

We compared the parameters derived from diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for treatment response evaluation and response prediction in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Seven patients with histologically proven metastatic disease were enrolled. DWI and PET/CT data were collected from all patients at diagnosis and from six at follow‐up. All 37 lesions were identifiable in DWI with a sensitivity of 100%. To achieve higher accuracy, we used the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of liver and background noise as thresholds for the measurement of the ADCs of lesions. Significant inverse correlations were found between ADCmean_thr (ADCmean with thresholds) and SUVmean (mean standardized uptake value) (R2 = 0.523, p < 0.001 at diagnosis, and R2 = 0.916, p < 0.001 at follow‐up), between ADCmean_thr and SUVmax (maximum SUV) (R2 = 0.529, p < 0.001 at diagnosis, and R2 = 0.761, p < 0.001 at follow‐up), between ΔADCmean_thr (percentage change in ADCmean_thr) and ΔSUVmean (percentage change in SUVmean) (R2 = 0.384, p < 0.001), and between ΔADCmean_thr and ΔSUVmax (percentage change in SUVmax) (R2 = 0.500, p < 0.001). In lesion‐based analysis, pre‐treatment ADCmean_thr outperformed SUVmean and SUVmax in treatment response prediction, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.706. These results show that DWI can provide a quantitative assessment comparable with PET/CT in GIST lesion characterization, treatment response evaluation and response prediction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amygdala lesions disrupt modulation of functional MRI activity evoked by facial expression in the monkey inferior temporal cortex

Significance Successful social interaction depends on the ability to recognize others, evaluate their mental states (e.g. intentions, desires, and beliefs), and “read” their emotional states. Here, we show that, in monkeys, damage to the amygdala, a brain structure that is central to the expression of emotion, significantly disrupts the processing of emotional facial expression in high-level visual cortical areas involved in face recognition. These findings suggest that the projections of the amygdala to visual cortical areas likely enhance the sensory processing of biologically important signals, including those related to potential environmental threats and social contexts. We previously showed that facial expressions modulate functional MRI activity in the face-processing regions of the macaque monkey’s amygdala and inferior temporal (IT) cortex. Specifically, we showed that faces expressing emotion yield greater activation than neutral faces; we term this difference the “valence effect. ” We hypothesized that amygdala lesions would disrupt the valence effect by eliminating the modulatory feedback from the amygdala to the IT cortex. We compared the valence effects within the IT cortex in monkeys with excitotoxic amygdala lesions (n = 3) with those in intact control animals (n = 3) using contrast agent-based functional MRI at 3 T. Images of four distinct monkey facial expressions—neutral, aggressive (open mouth threat), fearful (fear grin), and appeasing (lip smack)—were presented to the subjects in a blocked design. Our results showed that in monkeys with amygdala lesions the valence effects were strongly disrupted within the IT cortex, whereas face responsivity (neutral faces > scrambled faces) and face selectivity (neutral faces > non-face objects) were unaffected. Furthermore, sparing of the anterior amygdala led to intact valence effects in the anterior IT cortex (which included the anterior face-selective regions), whereas sparing of the posterior amygdala led to intact valence effects in the posterior IT cortex (which included the posterior face-selective regions). Overall, our data demonstrate that the feedback projections from the amygdala to the IT cortex mediate the valence effect found there. Moreover, these modulatory effects are consistent with an anterior-to-posterior gradient of projections, as suggested by classical tracer studies.
[Division of time in the consultation with the primary care doctor].

OBJECTIVE To determine the mean time per meeting--visit--and per problem attended to in the doctor's office and their distribution according to the care procedure during the visit. DESIGN Prospective study of the direct encounter in the doctor's office with a third person as timer. SETTING. Three doctors at 2 family medicine clinics (each with a list of about 2500 health cards). PARTICIPANTS 316 health problems attended to in 289 direct encounters in the doctor's office. Main measurements. Total time according to type of direct encounter in the doctor's office and problem addressed. Determination of the time spent on each stage of the encounter. RESULTS Mean time per direct encounter in the doctor's office of 9.1 minutes, and mean time per problem attended of 7.4 minutes, with a range from 76 seconds to 25 minutes. 84% were spontaneous visits, 13.5% were scheduled and 2.5% could not be put off/were urgent. Problems were mainly bureaucratic in 17% of cases, organic in 77.4 and psycho-social-family in 5.6%. Mean time devoted to advice and treatment was 2.4 minutes; that devoted to explanation of the problem, 18.3 seconds. The times varied according to the kind of problem, the doctor and the sex and age of the patient. CONCLUSIONS Distribution of time during the medical visit depends on the kind of problem involved. The doctor and the age and sex of the patient also affect the question. The short time spent on the explanation of the problem suggests that the period for active listening should be extended.
Psychiatric disorder in a rural and an urban population: 2. Sensitivity to loss

SYNOPSIS In an earlier paper we found that a model of depression developed on a sample of women in a London population was confirmed in a female population in the Outer Hebrides. Differences in the rates of onset and chronic cases between the two populations, however, suggested that the Scottish women might be more likely to become depressed after the death or intimation of death of close relatives; furthermore, it seemed that such depressions were more likely to remain chronic in the Scottish islands than in London, and to contain a strong anxiety component. This difference is discussed in the light of socio-cultural differences between the two populations, particularly in terms which relate family structure, marital position and contact with relatives to affective disorder in terms of theories of attachment.