Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Amino Acid Substitution of the V3 and Bridging Sheet Residues in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C gp120 on CCR5 Utilization

ABSTRACT The V3 loop and the bridging sheet domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B envelope glycoprotein gp120 have been implicated in CCR5 coreceptor utilization. In this study, mutant envelope glycoproteins of a subtype C isolate containing substitutions in the V3 or C4 region were generated to determine which are required for efficient CCR5-dependent cell fusion and viral entry. We found that the V3 crown and C4 residues are relatively dispensable for cell-cell fusion, although some residues may be involved in the regulation of early postentry steps in viral replication. In contrast, seven highly conserved residues located in the V3 stem are critical for CCR5 utilization, which can explain the apparent paradox that the functional convergence in CCR5 usage by genetically divergent HIV-1 strains involves a variable region. The finding that C4 residues do not have a critical role may appear to contradict the current model that bridging sheet residues are involved in the gp120-CCR5 interaction. However, a plausible interpretation is that these C4 residues may have a distinct role in the binding and fusion steps of the gp120-CCR5 interaction.
Pelaksanaan Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi dalam Meningkatkan Ketahan Pangan di Kota Padang

Sektor pertanian, khususnya subsektor tanaman pangan sangat rentan terhadap resiko kegagalan panen. Resiko tersebut dapat datang dari faktor usaha tani maupun faktor diluar kendali usaha tani. Untuk mengatasi resiko kegagalan tersebut, pemerintah telah melaksanakan program asuransi pertanian, diantaranya Asuransi Usahatani Padi, termasuk di Sumatera Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1). menggambarkan dan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Asuransi usaha tani padi (AUTP) di Kota Padang, 2). mengidentifikasi kesiapan masyarakat tani tentang keberadaan dari asuransi pertanian di Kota Padang, dan 3). mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesadaran petani terhadap asuransi pertanian di Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan AUTP di Kota Padang baru efektif berjalan selama 2 tahun, realisasi lahan sawah yang diasuransikan masih dibawah target yang ditentukan. Pelaksanaan AUTP masih dalam bentuk pendekatan program, keikutsertaan petani cendrung dipaksakan. Pengetahuan petani tentang asuransi dan AUTP sudah cukup baik, namun kesadaran petani untuk ikut AUTP masih rendah, sekitar 20 % petani yang ikut AUTP. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kesadaran petani untuk ikut AUTP adalah posisi petani dalam organisasi petani. Sedangkan kerusakan yang dialami petani tidak mempengaruhi kesadarain petani untuk ikut program AUTP
Cymbidium Ringspot Tombusvirus Coat Protein Coding Sequence Acts as an Avirulent RNA

ABSTRACT Avirulent genes either directly or indirectly produce elicitors that are recognized by specific receptors of plant resistance genes, leading to the induction of host defense responses such as hypersensitive reaction (HR). HR is characterized by the development of a necrotic lesion at the site of infection which results in confinement of the invader to this area. Artificial chimeras and mutants of cymbidium ringspot (CymRSV) and the pepper isolate of tomato bushy stunt (TBSV-P) tombusviruses were used to determine viral factors involved in the HR resistance phenotype of Datura stramonium upon infection with CymRSV. A series of constructs carrying deletions and frameshifts of the CymRSV coat protein (CP) undoubtedly clarified that an 860-nucleotide (nt)-long RNA sequence in the CymRSV CP coding region (between nt 2666 and 3526) is the elicitor of a very rapid HR-like response of D. stramonium which limits the virus spread. This finding provides the first evidence that an untranslatable RNA can trigger an HR-like resistance response in virus-infected plants. The effectiveness of the resistance response might indicate that other nonhost resistance could also be due to RNA-mediated HR. It is an appealing explanation that RNA-mediated HR has evolved as an alternative defense strategy against RNA viruses.
Searching Efficient Protection Strategies for the Eutrophied Gulf of Finland: The Combined Use of One-Dimensional and Three- Dimensional Modeling in Assessing Long-Term State Scenarios with High Spatial Resolution

1 experiment combining the use of two ecosystem models was conducted to search for effective protection strategies for the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). Reference and scenario simulations were first run with a onedimensional (1D) model for seven main basins of the entire Baltic Sea until steady state was achieved. The obtained basinwise distributions of inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as well as sediment labile P, were then used to initiate 5-y simulations with a threedimensional (3D) ecosystem model. The results suggest that relatively small local load reductions (the ‘‘Finland’’ scenario) would improve only the state of adjacent coastal waters significantly. This would be the case, even for runs covering several decades, which clearly exceed the residence times of nutrients in the Gulf of Finland. A significant decrease from a substantial loading source to the Gulf (the ‘‘St. Petersburg’’ scenario) would decrease cyanobacterial biomasses in the entire Gulf of Finland and also immediately outside it. A reduction in the current Polish nutrient loads would improve the situation in the whole Baltic Proper and cause an extensive decline in cyanobacterial biomasses in the Gulf of Finland, as well. However, it would take several decades until the improvement caused by reducing loads in the ‘‘Poland’’ scenario is seen, while in the St. Petersburg scenario the corresponding time lag would only be a few years. Our results suggest that the common water protection policy in the Baltic Sea region should have the largest nutrient sources as its primary target, regardless of their location and country.
Increased Occurrence of Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest on Mondays in a Community‐Based Study

Acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death are more common on Mondays than other days of the week. The stress of returning to work at the beginning of the week has been postulated as a possible trigger factor. This project examined the weekly variation of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests of nontraumatic origin for the entire case series as well as for selected subgroups. A retrospective analysis of 1,498 incidences between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1996 revealed a distinct Monday peak in occurrence irrespective of age, gender, presence of witnesses, primary survival, or primary ECG. This finding, however, was most pronounced in retired patients, subjects living alone, and persons found unconscious outside buildings or in public places. One important trigger of cardiac arrest is going to work after weekends; however, resumption of social and other activities on Mondays is another possible trigger. Other factors, such as endogenous biological rhythms, may contribute to an increased risk at this particular time even in elderly.
Interobserver variability in the detection of cervical-thoracic Hodgkin's disease by computed tomography.

PURPOSE Computed tomography (CT) scans of the neck and chest are obtained at diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease to establish disease extent, plan radiotherapy, and serve as baseline studies for subsequent evaluation of response to therapy. However, differences in interpretation may occur even among experienced radiologists. This study was designed to test the extent of variation among expert radiologists' interpretations and to assess how their interpretations differed from that of the primary (institutional) radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five radiologists independently reviewed randomly selected CT scans of 59 patients enrolled onto two Pediatric Oncology Group Hodgkin's disease treatment protocols. For each patient, 31 potential disease sites were scored as positive, negative, uncertain, or unassessable. Agreement among the reviewers and between the reviewers and the primary readers was analyzed. RESULTS For 58% of the sites, at least four of the five reviewers agreed in >/= 80% of the cases. Kappa analysis showed moderate agreement in approximately two thirds of the sites and poor agreement in the remainder. There was moderate agreement between a majority of the expert readers and the primary radiologist reports for approximately one third of the sites, and agreement was poor in two thirds. CONCLUSION There are disparities among radiologists' interpretations of cervical-thoracic CT imaging of patients with Hodgkin's disease. This variability may affect patient care and the performance and results of multi-institutional clinical trials. We propose that a standardized method of reporting might improve the consistency of interpretation of CT scans in these patients.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Rank-One-Generated Cones

A closed convex conic subset [Formula: see text] of the positive semidefinite (PSD) cone is rank-one generated (ROG) if all of its extreme rays are generated by rank-one matrices. The ROG property of [Formula: see text] is closely related to the exactness of semidefinite program (SDP) relaxations of nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QCQPs) related to [Formula: see text]. We consider the case where [Formula: see text] is obtained as the intersection of the PSD cone with finitely many homogeneous linear matrix inequalities and conic constraints and identify sufficient conditions that guarantee that [Formula: see text] is ROG. Our general framework allows us to recover a number of well-known results from the literature. In the case of two linear matrix inequalities, we also establish the necessity of our sufficient conditions. This extends one of the few settings from the literature—the case of one linear matrix inequality and the S-lemma—where an explicit characterization for the ROG property exists. Finally, we show how our ROG results on cones can be translated into inhomogeneous SDP exactness results and convex hull descriptions in the original space of a QCQP. We close with a few applications of these results; specifically, we recover the well-known perspective reformulation of a simple mixed-binary set via the ROG toolkit.
Nilsequences, null-sequences, and multiple correlation sequences

Abstract A ($d$-parameter) basic nilsequence is a sequence of the form $\psi (n)= f({a}^{n} x)$,$n\in { \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $, where $x$ is a point of a compact nilmanifold $X$, $a$ is a translation on $X$, and$f\in C(X)$; a nilsequence is a uniform limit of basic nilsequences. If $X= G/ \Gamma $ is a compact nilmanifold, $Y$ is a subnilmanifold of $X$, $\mathop{(g(n))}\nolimits_{n\in { \mathbb{Z} }^{d} } $ is a polynomial sequence in $G$, and $f\in C(X)$, we show that the sequence $\phi (n)= \int \nolimits \nolimits_{g(n)Y} f$ is the sum of a basic nilsequence and a sequence that converges to zero in uniform density (a null-sequence). We also show that an integral of a family of nilsequences is a nilsequence plus a null-sequence. We deduce that for any invertible finite measure preserving system $(W, \mathcal{B} , \mu , T)$, polynomials ${p}_{1} , \ldots , {p}_{k} : { \mathbb{Z} }^{d} \longrightarrow \mathbb{Z} $, and sets ${A}_{1} , \ldots , {A}_{k} \in \mathcal{B} $, the sequence $\phi (n)= \mu ({T}^{{p}_{1} (n)} {A}_{1} \cap \cdots \cap {T}^{{p}_{k} (n)} {A}_{k} )$, $n\in { \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $, is the sum of a nilsequence and a null-sequence.
Influence of Saliva upon Hemagglutination by Influenza Virus.∗

Summary Saliva of human adults possesses the capacity to inhibit agglutination of erythrocytes by influenza virus. Under the conditions of study the effectiveness varies among individuals and at different times. Its action is not significantly affected by heating at 56° C for 30 minutes; nor is its behavior influenced by heating of the virus. Nevertheless, the action of the inhibitor appears to be upon the virus rather than upon the erythrocytes. The nature of the inhibitor has not been determined but it is suggested that saliva represents a physiologic source of materials such as have been shown to interfere with hemagglutination in in vitro systems.
Detecting conjugacy stability of subgroups in certain classes of groups

Abstract In this paper, we consider the conjugacy stability property of subgroups and provide effective procedures to solve the problem in several classes of groups. In particular, we start with free groups, that is, we give an effective procedure to find out if a finitely generated subgroup of a free group is conjugacy stable. Then we further generalize this result to quasi-convex subgroups of torsion-free hyperbolic groups and finitely generated subgroups of limit groups.
Modélisation des écoulements de Stokes et Navier-Stokes en milieux poreux

On etudie le passage d'ecoulements microscopiques a l'echelle du pore, regis par les equations de stokes et de navier-stokes, aux ecoulements macroscopiques dans un milieu poreux, regis par la loi de darcy. Les principaux points d'etudes sont: le passage en revue des theories de prise de moyenne et l'etablissement de l'equivalence de celles-ci et la theorie d'homogeneisation dans le cas de milieux periodiques, la determination numerique par une methode aux differences finies, de tenseurs de permeabilite dans des milieux periodiques anisotropes tridimensionnels, l'etude numerique, par une methode aux elements finis, des non-linearites en regime de navier-stokes dans un treillis de cylindres. La loi macroscopique d'ecoulement obtenue fait intervenir une expression cubique de la vitesse de filtration
Acute Temporal Changes of MRI-Tracked Tumor Vascular Parameters after Combined Anti-angiogenic and Radiation Treatments in a Rat Glioma Model: Identifying Signatures of Synergism

In this study we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers to monitor the acute temporal changes in tumor vascular physiology with the aim of identifying the vascular signatures that predict response to combined anti-angiogenic and radiation treatments. Forty-three athymic rats implanted with orthotopic U-251 glioma cells were studied for approximately 21 days after implantation. Two MRI studies were performed on each animal, pre- and post-treatment, to measure tumor vascular parameters. Two animal groups received treatment comprised of Cilengitide, an anti-angiogenic agent and radiation. The first group received a subcurative regimen of Cilengitide 1 h before irradiation, while the second group received a curative regimen of Cilengitide 8 h before irradiation. Cilengitide was given as a single dose (4 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) after the pretreatment MRI study and before receiving a 20 Gy radiation dose. After irradiation, the post-treatment MRI study was performed at selected time points: 2, 4, 8 and 12 h (n = ≥5 per time point). Significant changes in vascular parameters were observed at early time points after combined treatments in both treatment groups (1 and 8 h). The temporal changes in vascular parameters in the first group (treated 1 h before exposure) resembled a previously reported pattern associated with radiation exposure alone. Conversely, in the second group (treated 8 h before exposure), all vascular parameters showed an initial response at 2–4 h postirradiation, followed by an apparent lack of response at later time points. The signature time point to define the “synergy” of Cilengitide and radiation was 4 h postirradiation. For example, 4 h after combined treatments using a 1 h separation (which followed the subcurative regimen), tumor blood flow was significantly decreased, nearly 50% below baseline (P = 0.007), whereas 4 h after combined treatments using an 8 h separation (which followed the curative regimen), tumor blood flow was only 10% less than baseline. Comparison between the first and second groups further revealed that most other vascular parameters were maximally different 4 h after combined treatments. In conclusion, the data are consistent with the assertion that the delivery of radiation at the vascular normalization time window of Cilengitide improves radiation treatment outcome. The different vascular responses after the different delivery times of combined treatments in light of the known tumor responses under similar conditions would indicate that timing has a crucial influence on treatment outcome and long-term survival. Tracking acute changes in tumor physiology after monotherapy or combined treatments appears to aid in identifying the beneficial timing for administration, and perhaps has predictive value. Therefore, judicial timing of treatments may result in optimal treatment response.
Use of Restraints, Seclusion, and Aversive Procedures on Students with Disabilities

A survey of a convenience (nonrandom) sample of parents and guardians of children with disabilities was undertaken to document the use of restraints, seclusion, and aversive procedures. A 23-item questionnaire was presented to participants using SurveyMonkey, a Web-based program. Participants were informed of the survey by different advocacy organizations. Within a 2-week period, 1,300 individuals accessed the survey, and 1,293 answered the first question, which asked if their child had been subjected to restraints, seclusion, or aversive procedures; of the 1,293,837 (64.7%) said “yes. ” Responses to other questions provided more detail about the nature of the procedures used and associated conditions. Among other findings, the results showed that children with disabilities were often exposed to restraints, seclusion, and aversive procedures; most of the time the parents had not approved of the procedures, and often, the procedures adversely affected the student.
Power factor analysis of transverse flux permanent machines

Based on the analysis of the torque-angle property, this paper proposed a new view on the characteristic of the transverse flux permanent machines' power factor issue. By introducing the electrical loading, the magnetic loading and basic structural trait in the analysis, it is shown that the impacts of these main design parameters to power factor in this kind machines is fatefulness. This method gives a clear and accurate expression to this puzzle problem, and would be the constructive principle in machines design. A result of comparison within different topologies is used to verify this technique.
Characterisation of Pear blister canker viroid isolates from Australian pome fruit orchards

Pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd) was detected in pear (Pyrus sp.), nashi (Pyrus serotina) and quince (Cydonia oblonga) trees from various pome fruit growing regions of Australia using dot-blot hybridisation and RT-PCR techniques. Characteristic symptoms of PBCVd infection were not observed on the infected trees. This is the first report of PBCVd infecting nashi varieties. The 12 Australian PBCVd isolates showed 92–99% nucleotide sequence identity with previously published sequences of PBCVd from other countries. The Australian isolates fell into two distinct groups based on sequence similarity and secondary structures. The possible origin of PBCVd in Australia is discussed.
Marketing your university on social media: a content analysis of Facebook post types and formats

ABSTRACT Many schools put a great deal of emphasis on their social media marketing strategies – updating and maintaining their social media channels with the purpose of building identity by connecting with prospective students and alumni. At a time when immediacy is seen as being prevalent to university marketing, social media is viewed as a viable method of communication between the institution and its constituents. The authors use content analysis to examine topics and formats of 5932 Facebook posts from top U.S. colleges and universities. Results show that there are content topics, such as athletics, that significantly increase engagement, while others have the tendency to lower engagement. Additionally, the format, like including user-generated content, is another factor that contributes to engagement. This study provides strategies on how university social media managers can better compose social media content to improve engagement, to better market their offerings, and to increase the reach of their posts.
-.____----.---_-Impaired Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation in Patients With Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitw

Vascular disease is a major cause of ;. lorbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (1). Atherosckrosis. resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke and ischemic extremities. is much more frequent in diabetic than nondiabetic population5 (1). Furthermore. small-vessel disease, resulting in diabetic retitqtathy and nephropathy, also contributes importantly to the morbidity associated with this disease (2). Decreased availability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide may contribute to vascular disease in diabetes. Nitric oxide is a potent vascdilator released by the endothelium which pIa a --
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS THE MODERATING VARIABLE OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF INDIHOME CUSTOMERS

The internet is an aspect that become one in the daily activities of Indonesian society, even in Purwokerto, almost all activities involve the help of the internet. PT Telkom as the largest internet service provider in Indonesia has facilitate the society to get internet access with its products, Indihome. Lately, a competitor is emerging which threatens the existence of PT Telkom as an internet service provider in Purwokerto, which is Biznet. Therefore, PT Telkom needs to examine what factors that make Indihome's customers loyal. Based on the problems above, this study was conducted to analyze the components of perceived product quality, perceived service quality, perceived value, and perceived price to the customer loyalty, mediated by customer satisfaction. The research methodology used for this study is a case study with survey research methods. The sample for this study were 155 people selected through convenience sampling technique derived from non-probability sampling technique. The sample comes from Indihome internet users in Purwokerto. The software used to analyze data is SPSS and AMOS statistical software. The research conclude that Perceived product quality, Perceived value, Perceived price has a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Perceived service quality has no effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction, Perceived service quality has a positive effect on customer loyalty. Perceived product quality, Perceived value, Perceived price has no effect on customer loyalty.