Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethics in Business: Practices by the Street Hawkers’

Street markets are one of the most exciting trends in Malaysia’s act as an alternative for small-time traders to sell their goods in the evenings. This paper examines the factors behind the unethical business practices by the street hawkers in Malaysia. The research methodology adapted in this research with using a descriptive study from the hawkers of various street markets in Kuala Lumpur area in Malaysia where 150 respondents were surveyed under five traders category for instance pirated CD, shoes, vegetables, food, fish and meat. To test the hypothesis this research utilized multiple regressions. The result shows unethical behavior of street hawkers highly influenced by lack of religious foundation followed by their limited income, greediness, personal biases, lack of integrity. Findings derived from this study would enable the reader to understand the types of unethical practices and reason behind the practices by the street hawkers in Malaysia which was previously unexplored under this area.
ADEMU WORKING PAPER SERIES Debt Dilution and Debt Overhang

We introduce long-term debt (and a maturity choice) into a standard model of firm financing and investment. This allows us to study two distortions of investment: (1.) Debt dilution distorts firms’ choice of debt which has an indirect effect on investment; (2.) Debt overhang directly distorts investment. In a dynamic model of investment, leverage, and debt maturity, we show that the two frictions interact to reduce investment, increase leverage, and increase the default rate. We provide empirical evidence from U.S. firms that is consistent with the model predictions. Using our model, we isolate and quantify the effect of debt dilution and debt overhang. Debt dilution is more important for firm value than debt overhang. Debt overhang can actually increase firm value by reducing debt dilution. The negative effect of debt dilution on investment is about half as strong as that of debt overhang. Eliminating the two distortions leads to an increase in investment equivalent to a reduction in the corporate income tax of 3.5 percentage points.
Intergenerational Continuities in Childbearing in Developed Countries

The relationship between fertility of parents and children has been designated as ‘weak’ by many investigators who have looked at this topic. This paper reviews the evidence over the past century and argues that, even allowing for problems with available data sources, the relationship was generally close to zero but slightly positive for pre-transitional populations, but that it has tended to become more substantial over time in developed countries and it is now of a similar order of magnitude as widely used explanatory variables such as female educational level. Questions about intergenerational fertility have recently been included in large-scale surveys in developed countries including the Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS), International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) 2001 round, the Generations and Gender Programme (GGP) and one large UK national source (UNSOC). These databases considerably extend the number and types of countries for which such information is available. Two main research questions are addressed. The first is to establish how far the increase in the strength of the relationship has continued and how far similar patterns hold for other areas of the World with similar levels of development. The second research question is how far the simple correlations between fertility of parents and children can be explained by differences between population subgroups such as by educational level or religion. The first question is addressed by presenting correlations of fertility of successive generations. The second question is addressed by presenting generalised linear models to assess the relative strength of inherited fertility, educational level and religious attendance across a wide range of countries.
Title: Interferon tau-dependent and independent effects of the bovine conceptus on the endometrial transcriptome Running title: Bovine endometrial gene expression Summary sentence: Elongating bovine conceptuses modify the adjacent endometrial transcriptome in a manner dependent and independent of in

This study investigated bovine conceptus-induced modifications to the endometrial transcriptome related to effects of interferon tau (IFNT), conceptus origin (in vivo vs. in vitro) D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /biolreprod/advance-art/doi/10.1093/biolre/ioy199/5094552 by Bkkyo U niersity user on 12 Sptem er 2018 and conceptus sex. In vitro (IVF) or in vivo (superovulation and artificial insemination, AI) produced blastocysts were transferred into recipient heifers on Day 7 of the estrous cycle. On Day 15, IVFor AI-derived conceptuses were obtained by uterine flushing and individually placed on endometrial explants in media for 6 h. Explants were also cultured with media alone as a control or media containing 100 ng/mL IFNT. Total explant RNA was analyzed by RNA-Seq. Incubation of endometrium with IFNT or IVFor AI-derived conceptuses changed (P ≤ 0.001) expression of 491, 498 and 576 transcripts, respectively, compared to the control. Further, 369 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were common between explants exposed to IFNT or a conceptus. 240 DEGs were uniquely altered by conceptuses (IVFand AI-derived) but not IFNT. Of these transcripts, 46 were shared between the IVF and AI groups, while 61 and 133 were specific to IVF and AI conceptuses, respectively. Five genes (MLPH, PROM2, MYADM, VN1R4L, HTR1A) were more abundant in endometrium exposed to female compared to male conceptuses (P < 0.001). A single gene (ARL4C) was more abundant in response to male conceptuses (P < 0.001) than female conceptuses. These data support the hypothesis that conceptus regulation of gene expression in the endometrium is complex and involves factors other than IFNT that may have a biological role in pregnancy establishment.
Software piracy – Some aspects for South African managers to keep in mind

Software piracy is a significant issue for managers of organisations, especially in developing countries. There are several factors which contribute to software piracy, and which are investigated in this study. This study consists of a literature review, and reports on empirical research, which was conducted using a survey instrument to determine if software piracy is prevalent in South Africa. The findings confirm the results of previous studies. The conclusion is made that software piracy will always exist and that stricter measures are needed to prevent its occurrence.
The application of cliff degradation models for estimation of the initial height of rammed-earth walls (Por-Bajin fortress, Southern Siberia, Russia)

The main objective of this study is to recover the initial geometry of earthen walls from the shape of wall remains. The original parameters of the walls have been estimated by fitting the field-measured profiles with the theoretical shape predicted by the model. We estimate: (i) the initial wall height (between 2 and 3m); (ii) their shape (vertical or nearly vertical); and (iii) the time for complete degradation (between 250 and 400 years, depending on wall orientation). We show that this approach yields the best results when the main degradation factor is the temperature gradient, as it is for south-oriented wall faces.
How traffic conditions affect driver behavior in passing maneuver

The paper reports the outcome of an experimental study carried out using an interactive foxed-based driving simulator. The research was aimed at analyzing the driver behavior in passing maneuver for different traffic conditions on two lane rural roads. A two-lane rural road of more than 8 km in length was designed and implemented in the driving simulator. The alignment was designed with tangents from 200 to 1000 m long, clothoids and curves with radii from 215 to 1000 m. Four different traffic conditions in terms of traffic volume and speeds of opposing vehicles and impeding vehicle were simulated. Thirty-two drivers drove in the simulator on the four scenarios. The data collected during the driving was analyzed in order to determine the following parameters of passing behavior: (a) following gap between the passing vehicle and the impeding vehicle at the beginning of the passing; (b) distance of passing; and (c) Time to Collision between the passing vehicle and the oncoming vehicle at the end of the maneuver. The influence of the traffic conditions on such parameters was evaluated. Potential applications of the obtained results include the modeling of driver behavior and the passing sight distance design criteria.
Running Title : Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in older adults Reduced modulation of pain in older adults following isometric and aerobic exercise

Laboratory based studies show that acute aerobic an d isometric exercise reduces sensitivity to painful stimuli in young healthy individuals, indic ative of a hypoalgesic response. However, little is known regarding the effect of aging on ex ercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). The purpose of this study was to examine age differences in EIH following submaximal isometric exercise, and moderate and vigorous aerobic exercise. Healthy o der and younger adults completed one training session and four testing sessions consisti g of either a submaximal isometric handgrip exercise, vigorous or moderate intensity stationary cycling, or quiet rest (control). The following measures were taken pre and post exercise/quiet res t: 1) pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), 2) suprathreshold pressure pain ratings, 3) pain ratin gs during 30-s of prolonged noxious heat stimulation, and 3) temporal summation of heat pain . The results revealed age differences in EIH following isometric and aerobic exercise, with youn ger adults experiencing greater EIH compared to older adults. The age differences in EI H varied across pain induction techniques and exercise type. These results provide evidence for a bnormal pain modulation following acute exercise in older adults. PERSPECTIVE: This article enhances our understanding of the influence of a single bout of exercise on pain sensitivity and perception in healthy older compared to younger adults. This knowledge could potentially help clinicians optimize exercise as a method of pain management.
Correlation of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) with the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) in Hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Lesions: Initial Results

Abstract Purpose: To compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in non-small cell lung cancer lesions with standardized uptake values (SUV) derived from combined 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose-positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (FDG-PET/MRI) and those derived from FDG-PET/CT. Materials and Methods: In 18 consecutive patients with histologically proven NSCLC (17 men, 1 woman; mean age, 61 ± 12 years), whole-body FDG-PET/MRI was performed after whole-body FDG-PET/CT. Regions of interest (ROI) encompassing the entire primary tumor were drawn into FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MR images to determine the maximum and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax; SUVmean) and into ADC parameter maps to assess mean ADC values. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to compare SUV and ADC values. Results: The SUVmax of NSCLC was 12.3 ± 4.8 [mean ±SD], and the SUVmean was 7.2 ± 2.8 as assessed by FDG-PET/MRI. The SUVmax and SUVmean derived from FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MRI correlated well (R = 0.93; p < 0.001 and R = 0.92; p < 0.001, respectively). The ADCmean of the pulmonary tumors was 187.9 ± 88.8 × 10–5 mm²/s [mean ± SD]. The ADCmean exhibited a significant inverse correlation with the SUVmax (R = –0.72; p < 0.001) as well as with the SUVmean assessed by FDG-PET/MRI (R = –0.71; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This simultaneous PET/MRI study corroborates the assumed significant inverse correlation between increased metabolic activity on FDG-PET and restricted diffusion on DWI in NSCLC. Citation Format: Heusch P, Buchbender C, Köhler J et al. Correlation of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) with the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) in Hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Lesions: Initial Results. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2013; 185: 1056 – 1062
Stoichiometry of dissolved organic matter and the kinetics of its microbial degradation in a coastal upwelling system

The degradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) collected in the coastal upwelling system of the Ria de Vigo (NW Iberian Peninsula) was assessed following the time-course of DOC, DON and DOP concentrations in laboratory incubations. Initial concentrations varied from 73 to 94 µM for DOC, 4.5 to 7.2 µM for DON and 0.12 to 0.32 µM for DOP. The bioavailable fraction (BDOM) represented 17 ± 6% (average ± SE) of DOC, 38 ± 6% of DON and 65 ± 9% of DOP. BDOM was significantly correlated with temperature (R 2 > 0.3, p 0.5, p < 0.05), indicating that the differences in DOM bioavailability were associated with the seasonal variations in plankton biomass and activity. The C:N:P stoichiometry of BDOM, 111 (±38):18 (±6):1, was not significantly different from the Redfield ratio (106:16:1), pointing to a phytoplankton origin of BDOM. Accordingly, exponential rate constants of BDOM suggest that this pool is very labile. Despite the reduced flushing times of the Ria de Vigo, from 3 to 8 d, as much as 70 ± 13% of BDOC (average ± SD), 81 ± 8% of BDON and 88 ± 5% of BDOP are mineralized within the embayment. The remaining C-rich BDOM is exported to the adjacent oligotrophic waters, sug- gesting that the offshore transport of labile DOM must be accounted for when considering the carbon balance of ocean surface waters adjacent to productive coastal areas.
CSEM based Anisotropy trends in the Barents Sea.

Summary Electrical anisotropy has a strong effect on CSEM data (Ramananjaona et al, 2011), and understanding this effect is key in ensuring robust survey design and well constrained data analysis (MacGregor & Tomlinson, 2014). Electrical anisotropy can also provide key information that can be used to understand regional variations in rock physics properties as well as provide possible indications to geological drivers in an area, such as uplift. To date there have been no systematic regional studies of electrical anisotropy in background geological structure. Addressing this need, by investigating electrical anisotropy variations across the Barents Sea is one of the main goals of the industry funded ERA consortium. Bulk anisotropy values were derived from CSEM data for each of the major stratigraphic units across the Barents Sea. This was achieved by performing 1D anisotropic inversion of CSEM data acquired around well bores, and tying the horizontal resistivity to the induction log measurements from these wells. Results were then mapped and regional trends are investigated. The modelling confirms the presence of high electrical anisotropy ratios in the Barents Sea area and a correlation between anisotropy ratio and formation age: In general the older the formation, the higher the anisotropy ratio. Although resistivity varies regionally, the variation in anisotropy ratio is less pronounced.
The Influence of Trees and Landscaping on Rental Rates at Office Buildings

The environmental and economic benefits of trees have been studied relative to a variety of interests including their influence on real estate value. This study investigates the effect of trees and landscaping on office rental rates, based on a comparison of 85 office buildings that comprise 270 individual and unique leases in the Cleveland, Ohio, U.S., metropolitan area. Data that describe the quantity, functionality, and quality of landscaping were gathered from each of the buildings including landscape maturity, the percentage of ground cover (trees, turf, pavement, etc.), and functional attributes (building shade, noise buffer, space definition, recreation, visual screen, and aesthetics). Multiple regression analysis in the form of a hedonic equation was conducted to isolate the economic effects of landscaping. Office attribute data including lease information, physical attributes, and distance variables were used to calibrate the basic model, and landscaping data were added to the hedonic equation to determine if individual and/or interactive variables had any effect on contracted rental rates. The individual analysis of the variables showed a strong positive effect for those buildings with good landscaping aesthetics and building shade provided by trees. Conversely, landscaping that provides a good visual screen produced significant negative impacts on rental rates.
Quantify the Modularity of Con fl ict – Control Mechanisms in the Human Brain

Resolving conflicting sensory and motor representations is a core function of cognitive control, but it remains uncertain to what degree control over different sources of conflict is implemented by shared (domain general) or distinct (domain specific) neural resources. Behavioral data suggest conflict–control to be domain specific, but results from neuroimaging studies have been ambivalent. Here, we employed multivoxel pattern analyses that can decode a brain region’s informational content, allowing us to distinguish incidental activation overlap from actual shared information processing. We trained independent sets of “searchlight” classifiers on functional magnetic resonance imaging data to decode control processes associated with stimulus-conflict (Stroop task) and ideomotor-conflict (Simon task). Quantifying the proportion of domainspecific searchlights (capable of decoding only one type of conflict) and domain-general searchlights (capable of decoding both conflict types) in each subject, we found both domain-specific and domaingeneral searchlights, though the former were more common. When mapping anatomical loci of these searchlights across subjects, neural substrates of stimulusand ideomotor-specific conflict– control were found to be anatomically consistent across subjects, whereas the substrates of domain-general conflict–control were not. Overall, these findings suggest a hybrid neural architecture of conflict–control that entails both modular (domain specific) and global (domain general) components.
Reevaluating the "magic spell' : examining empowerment, stress, and workplace outcomes

v CHAPTER ONE: THE DISSERTATION TOPIC . 1 CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL SCHEME AND HYPOTHESES . 13 Empowerment . 13 Challenge/Hindrance Stress . 21 Summary . 34 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS . 36 Sample and Procedure . 36 Measures . 39 CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSES AND RESULTS . 44 Tests of Construct Validity . 48 Hypothesis Testing: Mediation . 56 Hypothesis Testing: Moderation . 58 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION. 67 Strengths and Limitations . 71 Final Remarks . 73 REFERENCES . 74 APPENDIX . 86 VITA. 90
milliMap: Robust Indoor Mapping with Low-cost mmWave Radar

Single-chip Millimetre wave (mmWave) radar is emerging as an affordable, low-power range sensor in automotive and mobile applications. It can operate well in low visibility conditions, such as in the presence of smoke and debris, fitting the payloads of resource-constrained robotic platforms. Due to the nature of the sensor, however, distance measurements are very sparse and affected by multi-path reflections and scattering. Indoor grid mapping with mmWave radars has not been yet explored. To this extent we propose milliMap, a self-supervised architecture for creating dense occupancy grid maps of indoor environments from sparse, noisy mmWave measurements. To deal with the ill-constrained sparse-to-dense reconstruction problem, we leverage the Manhattan world structure typical of indoor environments to introduce an auxiliary loss that encourages generation of straight lines. With experiments in different indoor environments and under different conditions, we show the ability of milliMap to generalise to previously unseen environments. We also show how the reconstructed grid maps can be used in subsequent navigation tasks.
DIALOGPT : Large-Scale Generative Pre-training for Conversational Response Generation

We present a large, tunable neural conversational response generation model, DIALOGPT (dialogue generative pre-trained transformer). Trained on 147M conversation-like exchanges extracted from Reddit comment chains over a period spanning from 2005 through 2017, DialoGPT extends the Hugging Face PyTorch transformer to attain a performance close to human both in terms of automatic and human evaluation in single-turn dialogue settings. We show that conversational systems that leverage DialoGPT generate more relevant, contentful and context-consistent responses than strong baseline systems. The pre-trained model and training pipeline are publicly released to facilitate research into neural response generation and the development of more intelligent open-domain dialogue systems.
ZEN: Pre-training Chinese Text Encoder Enhanced by N-gram Representations

The pre-training of text encoders normally processes text as a sequence of tokens corresponding to small text units, such as word pieces in English and characters in Chinese. It omits information carried by larger text granularity, and thus the encoders cannot easily adapt to certain combinations of characters. This leads to a loss of important semantic information, which is especially problematic for Chinese because the language does not have explicit word boundaries. In this paper, we propose ZEN, a BERT-based Chinese text encoder enhanced by n-gram representations, where different combinations of characters are considered during training, thus potential word or phrase boundaries are explicitly pre-trained and fine-tuned with the character encoder (BERT). Therefore ZEN incorporates the comprehensive information of both the character sequence and words or phrases it contains. Experimental results illustrated the effectiveness of ZEN on a series of Chinese NLP tasks, where state-of-the-art results is achieved on most tasks with requiring less resource than other published encoders. It is also shown that reasonable performance is obtained when ZEN is trained on a small corpus, which is important for applying pre-training techniques to scenarios with limited data. The code and pre-trained models of ZEN are available at https://github.com/sinovation/ZEN.
Modeling Dense Star Clusters in the Milky Way and Beyond with the CMC Cluster Catalog

We present a set of 148 independent N-body simulations of globular clusters (GCs) computed using the code CMC (Cluster Monte Carlo). At an age of ∼10–13 Gyr, the resulting models cover nearly the full range of cluster properties exhibited by the Milky Way GCs, including total mass, core and half-light radii, metallicity, and galactocentric distance. We use our models to investigate the role that stellar-mass black holes play in the process of core collapse. Furthermore, we study how dynamical interactions affect the formation and evolution of several important types of sources in GCs, including low-mass X-ray binaries, millisecond pulsars, blue stragglers, cataclysmic variables, Type Ia supernovae, calcium-rich transients, and merging compact binaries. While our focus here is on old, low-metallicity GCs, our CMC simulations follow the evolution of clusters over a Hubble time, and they include a wide range of metallicities (up to solar), so that our results can also be used to study younger and higher-metallicity star clusters. Finally, the output from these simulations is available for download at https://cmc.ciera. northwestern.edu/home/.