Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emission and dry deposition of accumulation mode particles in the Amazon Basin

Abstract. Size-resolved vertical aerosol number fluxes of particles in the diameter range 0.25–2.5 μm were measured with the eddy covariance method from a 53 m high tower over the Amazon rain forest, 60 km NNW of Manaus, Brazil. This study focuses on data measured during the relatively clean wet season, but a shorter measurement period from the more polluted dry season is used as a comparison. Size-resolved net particle fluxes of the five lowest size bins, representing 0.25–0.45 μm in diameter, were in general dominated by deposition in more or less all wind sectors in the wet season. This is an indication that the source of primary biogenic aerosol particles may be small in this particle size range. Transfer velocities within this particle size range were observed to increase linearly with increasing friction velocity and increasing particle diameter. In the diameter range 0.5–2.5 μm, vertical particle fluxes were highly dependent on wind direction. In wind sectors where anthropogenic influence was low, net upward fluxes were observed. However, in wind sectors associated with higher anthropogenic influence, deposition fluxes dominated. The net upward fluxes were interpreted as a result of primary biogenic aerosol emission, but deposition of anthropogenic particles seems to have masked this emission in wind sectors with higher anthropogenic influence. The net emission fluxes were at maximum in the afternoon when the mixed layer is well developed, and were best correlated with horizontal wind speed according to the equation log10 F=0.48 · U+2.21 where F is the net emission number flux of 0.5–2.5 μm particles [m−2 s−1] and U is the horizontal wind speed [ms−1] at the top of the tower.
The stellar initial mass function in red-sequence galaxies: 1-μm spectroscopy of Coma cluster galaxies with Subaru/FMOS

To investigate possible variations in the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in red-sequence galaxies, we have obtained infrared spectroscopy with Subaru/Fibre Multi-Object Spectrograph (FMOS) for a sample of 92 red-sequence galaxies in the Coma cluster. Velocity dispersions, ages and element abundances for these galaxies have been previously determined from optical data. The full range of velocity dispersions covered by the sample is s = 50– 300 km s-1. By stacking the FMOS spectra in the rest frame and removing sky-subtraction residuals and other artefacts fixed in the observed frame, we derive composite spectra in the 9600–10500A range for galaxies grouped according to their velocity dispersion or Mg/Fe ratio. We measure theWing–Ford band of FeH and a new index centred on a Ca I line at 10345 A; these features are strong in cool dwarf stars, and hence reflect the form of the IMF at low mass(<0.5M�). The Ca I line, unlike the Wing–Ford band and other ‘classical’ IMF indicators (Na I doublet and Ca II triplet), is unaffected by the abundance of sodium. We compare the measured indices against predictions from spectral synthesis models matched to the element abundances estimated from the optical data. Binning galaxies by velocity dispersion, we find that both theWing–Ford and Ca I index measurements are best reproduced by models with the Salpeter IMF. There is no clear evidence for an increase in dwarf-star content with velocity dispersion over the range probed by our sample (which includes few galaxies at the highest velocity dispersions,s >250 km s-1). Binning the observed galaxies instead by Mg/Fe ratio,the behaviour of both indices implies a trend of IMF from Chabrier-like, at abundance ratios close to solar, to Salpeter or heavier for highly a-enhanced populations. At face value, this suggests that the IMF depends on the mode of star formation, with intense rapid starbursts generating a larger population of low-mass stars.
Morphological and sedimentological response of a mixed-energy barrier island tidal inlet to storm and fair-weather conditions

Abstract. The environment of ebb-tidal deltas between barrier island systems is characterized by a complex morphology with ebb- and flood-dominated channels, shoals and swash bars connecting the ebb-tidal delta platform to the adjacent island. These morphological features reveal characteristic surface sediment grain-size distributions and are subject to a continuous adaptation to the prevailing hydrodynamic forces. The mixed-energy tidal inlet Otzumer Balje between the East Frisian barrier islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog in the southern North Sea has been chosen here as a model study area for the identification of relevant hydrodynamic drivers of morphology and sedimentology. We compare the effect of high-energy, wave-dominated storm conditions to mid-term, tide-dominated fair-weather conditions on tidal inlet morphology and sedimentology with a process-based numerical model. A multi-fractional approach with five grain-size fractions between 150 and 450 μm allows for the simulation of corresponding surface sediment grain-size distributions. Net sediment fluxes for distinct conditions are identified: during storm conditions, bed load sediment transport is generally onshore directed on the shallower ebb-tidal delta shoals, whereas fine-grained suspended sediment bypasses the tidal inlet by wave-driven currents. During fair weather the sediment transport mainly focuses on the inlet throat and the marginal flood channels. We show how the observed sediment grain-size distribution and the morphological response at mixed-energy tidal inlets are the result of both wave-dominated less frequent storm conditions and mid-term, tide-dominant fair-weather conditions.
Insight from "Calcium Paradox" due to Ca2+/cAMP Interaction: Novel Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Depression

Our discovery of “calcium paradox” phenomenon due to interaction of Ca2+/cAMP intracellular signalling pathways (Ca2+/ cAMP interaction) may provide new insights for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as depression. This disorder is mainly resulting by reduction of serotonin and catecholamine release in central nervous system. Since 1975, several clinical studies have reported that administration of L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) produces reduction in vascular resistance and arterial pressure in hypertensive patients, associated with an increase in plasma noradrenaline levels and tachycardia characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity. During almost four decades, these enigmatic phenomena remained unclear. In 2013, we discovered that this paradoxical sympathetic hyperactivity produced by CCBs is mediated by Ca2+/cAMP interaction. Then, the pharmacological manipulation of this interaction could be a more efficient therapeutic strategy for increasing serotoninergic and monoaminergic neurotransmission in depression.
Design Things and Design Thinking: Contemporary Participatory Design Challenges

Design thinking has become a central issue in contemporary design discourse and rhetoric, and for good reason. With the design thinking practice of world leading design and innovation firm IDEO, and with the application of these principles to successful design education at prestigious d. school, the Institute of Design at Stanford University, and not least with the publication of Change by Design, in which IDEO chief executive Tim Brown elaborates on the firm's ideas about design thinking, .
The effect of the CEO’s characteristics on EM Evidence from Jordan

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of CEO’s personal characteristics on earnings management (EM) practices. Design/methodology/approach The authors use panel data for 201 non-financial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the period 2008-2013. The authors use random effect models to test the hypothesis of this study and extent the analysis to family versus non-family. Findings The study finds a positive relation between CEO’s overconfidence and EM practices in Jordan. Moreover, the findings reveal that managers in family companies are more likely to engage in EM practices than non-family companies. The findings shed more light on the intricate relationship between CEO’s characteristics, the decision-making process and financial reporting. Practical implications Results of this study could be beneficial for a number of users of financial information such as investors, auditors, regulators, lenders, as well other players in the capital market to make right decisions. Originality/value A literature review finds that much less studies have investigated the relationship between EM practices and personal CEO characteristics (gender and overconfidence) in developing countries such as Jordan. Furthermore, no study yet has examined the influence of CEO age on EM practices. The authors extend previous literature by providing empirical evidence about effect of some personal CEO’s characteristics on EM practices.
The determinants of capital structure in emerging capital markets : evidence from Serbia

This paper explores the determinants of the capital structure of Serbian firms listed on the regulated market using panel data. We model the leverage ratio as a function of firm-specific characteristics. The findings indicate the emerging character of Serbian corporate environment. We document that Serbian firms tend to have much lower debt ratio and that they rely more heavily on short-term than long-term debt compared to firms coming from other transitional economies. The study shows that there is a significant negative impact of liquidity, tangibility, profitability and cash gap on the two debt ratios. Leverage level is significantly positively affected by the income volatility and growth opportunities of Serbian firms. Our results are consistent with the findings of previous empirical studies realized in emerging and transition economies, indicating that Serbian companies follow the modified pecking order theory.
A Large Entrance To the Inner Cavity of BK Channels Is Required For Their Large Conductance

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Karl L. Magleby No. of pages in text. (69) Large conductance voltage and Ca activated K (BK) channels control electrical excitability in many cell types. BK channels have the largest conductance (~250 pS) of all K selective channels. To explore whether a large entrance to the inner cavity of BK channels is required for their large conductance, I examined if changing the size of the entrance alters the single-channel current amplitude. Previous studies suggest that residues E321/E324 in BK channels are located at the entrance to the inner cavity. To test if positions 321/324 are accessible to intracellular ions, I compared single-channel outward current before and after attaching thiol reagents at E321C/E324C. Attachment of MBB and MTSET altered single-channel currents, indicating that positions 321/324 are accessible to the conduction pathway. Decreasing the size of the entrance to the inner cavity by substituting residues with larger side chains, such as tyrosine and tryptophan, at positions 321/324 decreased the conductance, whereas increasing the size of the entrance had little effect on conductance. Increasing [K]i from 0.15 to 2.5 M negated differences in single-channel outward current associated with side chain volume. Substitutions had less effect on inward currents. Plots of conductance vs. substituted side chain volume could be approximated with a simple model for the conduction pathway described by two resistors in series, R1 and R2. R2 is a variable resistor, with the resistance proportional to the inverse of the volume of the entrance to the inner cavity not occupied by the side chains. R1 is a fixed resistor arising from the other parts of the conduction pathway including the selectivity filter. Fitting the experimental observations indicated that R1+R2 ~5.4 GΩ for glycine substitution, with an R1/R2 ratio of ~17, and an effective radius and length of the entrance to the inner cavity of ~9.0 and 5.4 A, respectively. The volume of K and water were not taken into account. Taken together, the above observations suggest that a large entrance to the inner cavity is needed for the large conductance of BK channels, as my study shows that the entrance is large and that decreasing the entrance size decreases the currents.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) CV. IMBU

Although mango is one of the tropical fruits of greater interest in the world trade, literature concerning their rootstocks (characteristics and utilization) is scarce. This study aimed to characterize mango plants from cv. Imbu, widely used as rootstock in the Zona da Mata region, State of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Though fruits of this cultivar do not present desirable commercial characteristics, this study allowed us to characterize part of plant morphology and fill a gap in the literature, providing subsidies for future investigations. For such, 'Imbu' plants (˜ 4-years old) from the collection of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa, located in Vicosa -MG were evaluated. The descriptors were: (i) leaf blade division;(ii) leaf composition; (iii) petiole length in relation to leaf blade; (iv) phyllotaxis, (v) leaf position in relation to the branch insertion; (vi) leaf shape; (vii) leaf apex and base angles; (viii) leaf margin category; (ix) venation; (x) leaf length and thickness; (xi) leaf length/thickness ratio; (xii) leaf texture; (xiii) leaf fragrance; (xix) leaf color. The leaves were depicted as lanceolate, with entire margins and sharp angles at the base and apex of the leaf blade. The intensity of the green color of the leaf blade was considered intermediate and the abaxial surface staining showed less intense than that observed in the upper side. The fruits were processed and separated into peel, pulp and seeds in order to evaluate the flesh color, fresh weight and percentage of seeds, peel and pulp. It was determined the soluble solids content, starch concentration, the peel and the pulp color, the cerosity, the percentage evaluation of peel, pulp and seed and the pulp firmness. The average number of germinated seedlings per seed was estimated for 230 sown seeds.
Exploring molecular variation in the cosmopolitan Caprella penantis (Crustacea: Amphipoda): results from RAPD analysis

Eight populations of Caprella penantis, three of Caprella dilatata and two of Caprella andreae, collected from different sites all over the world, were selected for genetic study. Thirteen primers were tested, and the phenogram, based on the similarity coefficient of Nei & Li and the UPGMA method, separated clearly C. dilatata and C. andreae from the populations of C. penantis, supporting the validity of these three species, traditionally considered altogether under the old ‘acutifrons’ complex. Populations of C. penantis (including, at least, forms simulatrix, testudo and lusitanica) from Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Japan and Brazil were clustered together in the RAPD analysis, indicating that, probably, all the specimens of C. penantis could belong to the same species, in spite of morphological variations in the pleura, gills, robustness and presence/absence of proximal projection in adult male gnathopod 2 propodus. The only population which showed genetic differentiation within the C. penantis complex was the form gibbosa from Coquimbo, Chile. Future analysis based on different molecular approaches (mtDNA, 18S rRNA, ISSR) and additional material from other world areas, should be conducted to confirm these results.
Breaking the Tie and Tying the Breachee: Lexicographic Maximizers, Installment Contracts and the Substantial Impairment Requirement

In an incomplete contract setting we study the eect of the “substantial impairment requirement” for cancellation of multi-trade contracts on parties’ strategies. In contrast to the “perfect tender rule” for single-shot deals, US contract law grants a breachee the right to cancel multi-trade contracts upon delivery of a defective good only if the entire contract is substantially impaired. Breach remedies imply the existence of indeterminacies; we thus apply exogenous and endogenous tie-breaking rules in reference to Nalebu-Shubik (1988) lexicographic maximization to determine parties’ equilibrium strategies. We show that the substantial impairment requirement leads to a Pareto-improvement over strict compliance rules.
SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF LANTANA CAMARA LEAF EXTRACTSON THE GROWTH OF RED CHILLI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM)

Lantana camara L. which is called tembelekan by Indonesian people, is a shrub plant having wide ecological tolerances that can be found in varied habitats and shows a strong suppressive effect on a variety of crop species. In order to determine whether the chilli plants resistant to L.camara allelopathy, the tembelekan leaf extract was tested against the growth of red chilli (Capsicum annuum). By using completely randomized design, 25 red chilli plants were grouped into five consist of 5 plants each. Each plant was grown individually in a poly bag containing mixture of soil and compost in a ratio of 2:1. Group 1 is the chillies given 0% (v/v) L.camara leaf extract as the control. Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 are the plants treated with extract at the concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively. After treatment for one week the chillies are harvested and all the study parameters namely plant height, fresh and dry weight, and concentration of chlorophyll were assessed. The results showed, plant height and fresh weight of chillies significantly decreased by the extract of 100%. Likewise, the content of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll lowered significantly by aqueous leaf extract of tembelekan. In conclussion it can be suggested that aqueous extract of L.camara possess suppressive effects against the growth of red chilli. KEYWORDS: Lantana camara, Tembelekan, Allelopathy, Allelopathic Effect, Red chili, Capsicum annuum.
On the Study of Second-Order Wave Theory and Its Convergence for a Two-Fluid System

Second-order solutions of internal and surface waves in a two-fluid system are theoretically analyzed in this study. Using the perturbation technique, the derivation of second-order solutions for internal waves is revisited, and the results are expressed in one-by-one forms instead of a matrix form. Second-order solutions arising from the interactions of two arbitrary linear waves of different frequencies contain the sum-frequency (superharmonic) and the difference-frequency (subharmonic) components, which are separately examined. Internal Stokes wave being a special case of present solutions is firstly investigated. Next, the convergence of second-order theory and the second-order effects on wave profiles are analyzed. For general cases, the effects of the thickness ratio of two fluids and the ratio of wavenumbers of two first-order waves on second-order wave characteristics, which include transfer functions and particle velocities, are also examined. Moreover, most existing theories for the one-fluid and two-fluid systems can be deduced from present solutions.
POST-HARVEST GRAIN STORING AND HEDGING WITH EFFICIENT FUTURES

This study simulates whether Kansas wheat, soybean, corn, and milo producers could have profitably used deferred futures plus historical basis cash price expectations for post-harvest unhedged and hedged grain storage decisions from 1985-97. The signaled storage decision is compared to a representative Kansas producer whose crop sales mimic average Kansas marketings each year. Using 23 grain price locations, the simulations resulted in an 11 cents per bushel annual increase in grain storage profits for wheat, 27 cents for soybeans, -17 cents for corn, and Â–20 cents for milo; however, storage profit differences varied substantially across locations. Hedging tended to decrease risk, but not impact profitability.
Effect of Nutrition with Propolis and Bee Pollen Supplements on Bacteria Colonization Pattern in Gastrointestinal Tract of Broiler Chickens

For replace of banned antibiotics used as growth promoters in broiler chicken nutrition, the supplements as probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, acidifiers and enzymes, has been mainly studied. These alternative substances improved the feed conversion, performance, growth and health of broiler chickens through a mechanisms associated with gastrointestinal tract and bacteria colonization. Propolis and bee pollen belong to the group of naturally occurring substances of animal and plant origin with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The scope of this study was to find a counts of Enterococcus sp. , Enterobacteriaceae family and lactic acid bacteria in crop, ileum and caecum of broiler chickens after propolis and bee pollen addition in their nutrition. Lower dosages of propolis and higher dosages of bee pollen in chicken nutrition significantly (P 0.05) number of Enterobacteriaceae family isolates. The bacteria colonization pattern in gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens can be affected also by combination of nutrition supplements and pH value which can provide the advantage to some bacteria and influenced their competitiveness.
Space density distribution of galaxies in the absolute magnitude - rotation velocity plane: a volume-complete Tully-Fisher relation from CALIFA stellar kinematics

We measured the distribution in absolute magnitude – circular velocity space for a well-defined sample of 199 rotating galaxies of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA) using their stellar kinematics. Our aim in this analysis is to avoid subjective selection criteria and to take volume and large-scale structure factors into account. Using stellar velocity fields instead of gas emission line kinematics allows including rapidly rotating early-type galaxies. Our initial sample contains 277 galaxies with available stellar velocity fields and growth curve r -band photometry. After rejecting 51 velocity fields that could not be modelled because of the low number of bins, foreground contamination, or significant interaction, we performed Markov chain Monte Carlo modelling of the velocity fields, from which we obtained the rotation curve and kinematic parameters and their realistic uncertainties. We performed an extinction correction and calculated the circular velocity v circ accounting for the pressure support of a given galaxy. The resulting galaxy distribution on the M r − v circ plane was then modelled as a mixture of two distinct populations, allowing robust and reproducible rejection of outliers, a significant fraction of which are slow rotators. The selection effects are understood well enough that we were able to correct for the incompleteness of the sample. The 199 galaxies were weighted by volume and large-scale structure factors, which enabled us to fit a volume-corrected Tully-Fisher relation (TFR). More importantly, we also provide the volume-corrected distribution of galaxies in the M r − v circ plane, which can be compared with cosmological simulations. The joint distribution of the luminosity and circular velocity space densities, representative over the range of −20 > M r > −22 mag, can place more stringent constraints on the galaxy formation and evolution scenarios than linear TFR fit parameters or the luminosity function alone.