Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superconformal Electrodeposition of Copper

A model of superconformal electrodeposition is presented based on a local growth velocity that is proportional to coverage of a catalytic species at the metal/electrolyte interface. The catalyst accumulates at the interface through reaction with the electrolyte. More importantly, if the concentration of the catalyst precursor in the electrolyte is dilute, then surface coverage within small features can change far more rapidly due to changing interface area. In such a case, the catalyst effectively floats on the interface during deposition, with changes in coverage coupled to alterations in arc-length of the moving surface. The local coverage therefore increases during conformal growth on a concave surface, resulting in a corresponding increase in the local deposition rate. The opposite is true for a convex surface. The model is supported by experiments and simulations of superconformal copper deposition in 350-100 nm wide features. The model also has significant implications for understanding the influence of adsorbates on the evolution of surface roughness during electrodeposition. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. @DOI: 10.1149/1.1354496# All rights reserved.
Adolescents' Exercise Behavior and Cognitive and Behavioral Variables

The purpose of the study was to identify the differences in exercise stages among adolescents and in cognitive and behavioral variables by the exercise stages. A total of 671 adolescents randomly selected from junior high and high schools in Seoul were surveyed. Two Koreanversion questionnaires were used to identify the stages of exercise behavior and the processes of change construct of adolescents: Stage of Exercise Behavior Change Questionnaire, and Processes of Change Questionnaire. Results indicated that exercise pattern of Korean adolescents were different by each stage of exercise behavior. Female adolescents were more likely to be in the contemplation stage, whereas males were more likely to be in the maintenance. In addition, significant differences were revealed in use of processes of change constructs through stages of exercise behavior. The use of cognitive and behavioral strategies increased from precontemplation through maintenance. This study provides some insights into the physical activity habits and the TTM components of increasing physical activity levels in the adolescent Korean populations.
An evolutionary perspective on perceived parental care and closeness in adolescents: how do biological and social kinship play out within families in the U.S.?

Consistent with inclusive fitness theory, evolutionary biologists predict that individuals care more for their biological than their social children and hence that biological children assess the relationships to their parents better than stepchildren. To test this assumption, we use data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Unlike many other studies that have been conducted so far, this survey allows us to analyze the consequences of the dynamic between social and biological parent-child relationships within the same families. We use comparisons of sibling pairs and fixed-effects regression to achieve the within-family comparison. Both the descriptive and multivariate regression results confirm that – even after controlling for other relevant influences – biological parenthood matters with regard to children's relationship assessments (perceived parental care and closeness of the parent-child relationship) and in both the relationships to resident fathers and mothers. In the discussion, we comment on the possible integration of the evolutionary and sociological perspectives and close with some recommendations for future data collection that could allow researchers to analyze the relative influence of biological and social influences on parent-child relationships on a more fine-grained level.
Evaluation of sister homozygous lines for oil content and oil quality in groundnut

Groundnut is one of the important oilseed crop grown in India. The content and quality (fatty acid profile) of the oil determines its economic value, oxidative stability and nutritional quality. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population comprising 147 lines were phenotyped for oil content, fatty acid profile of eight fatty acids, namely palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic, eicosenoic, behenic and lignoseric acids and one derived trait for fatty acids (O/L ratio) for two seasons (Summer and kharif 2009). Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the RILs, seasons and RILs x season interaction for all the ten traits. Genetic variability components revealed low magnitude of variation (PCV, GCV) with moderate heritability and lower genetic advance for oil content in individual seasons. All the oil quality parameters except O/L ratio and stearic acid content had low PCV and GCV with high to very high heritability coupled with low to moderate GAM in both the seasons. Across the seasons, there was reduction in values of components of variability indicating preponderance of G x E interaction for oil content; but a very slight reduction in the variability components indicating lesser role for G x E interaction was observed for fatty acid profile and O/L ratio. Positive correlation between seasons was observed for all the traits studied. Oil content showed positive correlation with eicosenoic acid, behenic acid and lignoseric acid and negative correlation with stearic acid in both the seasons. Negative correlation existed between oleic and linoleic acid, palmitic and oleic acid, O/L ratio and linoleic acid. Stearic acid had significant positive association with arachidic and behenic acid and is negatively correlated with eicosenoic and lignoseric acids. Eicosenoic acid had a positive correlation with lignoseric acid. Several RILs superior to the best parent were identified for different traits which could be utilized in future breeding programmes.
Possible Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi on Drought Tolerance in Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata (L.) Walp and Leucaena latisiliqua L.

Pot culture experiments were carried out in sterilized soil to determine the effects of three AM fungi, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus aggregatum and G. etunicatum, both individually as well as in combinations, on the plant growth and drought resistance of Vigna unguiculata and Leucaena latisiliqua. All plants were inoculated with Rhizobium sp. During the first 45 days all pots were watered to field capacity and the plants were then subjected to drought cycles by withholding water for 7 days. The plants were further subjected to 7 drought cycles. Inoculation of single endophyte G. etunicatum in V. unguiculata and A. scrobiculata in L. latisiliqua produced higher growth, biomass, nodule number, and percentage of root colonization. Proline content was higher in all the plants inoculated with G. etunicatum, whereas inoculation ofG. aggregatum in Vigna unguiculata and G. etunicatum in L. latisiliqua resulted in higher tissue N, P and K contents. In double endophyte inoculations, A. scrobiculata and G. aggregatum in V. unguiculata; A. scrobiculata and (i. etunicatum in L. latisiliqua combinations were found to be highly effective.
The Fiscal Multiplier in a Liquidity‐Constrained New Keynesian Economy

We study the effects of fiscal policy on the macroeconomy using a liquidity‐constrained New Keynesian model in which government bonds are liquid, and private financial assets are only partially liquid. We find that the fiscal multipliers in this economic environment are large enough for fiscal policy to be highly effective. In this model, a bond‐financed fiscal expansion can stimulate output because higher public borrowing improves liquidity by increasing the proportion of liquid assets in private‐sector wealth.
The passage of direct precipitation to rainwater storage: A case study; Newcastle, Australia

The composition of dominant bacterial populations, along with selected elemental characteristics, were assessed from direct precipitation, roof runoff, and two sampling points within a rainwater storage tank located at an inner suburb of Newcastle, on the east coast of Australia. Direct rainfall was found to contain 20 13cfu/mL of bacteria with no detectable cadmium, lead or mercury, while the tile roof was found to be a contributor of lead contamination at 0.030 0.031mg/L in the collected runoff that persisted within the water column of the rainwater tank at 0.020 0.012mg/L. The surface skim layer of the tank provided the highest variability of recoverable bacteria with 2261 3917cfu/mL, while the tank's tap outlet averaged 1345 1361cfu/mL. Corresponding lead levels averaged 0.022mg/L at the surface and 0.018mg/L at the tap outlet. Environmental bacteria including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Pantoea and Enterobacter species were among the most predominant organisms consistently recovered from sampling collections. E. coli was only detected in one out of 8 events of the roof runoff collections at 18cfu/mL and twice out of 6 samples at 1cfu/mL from the tank's tap outlet. The data suggested that the major sources of bacterial and elemental loads were derived from dislodgement of accumulated deposits on the catchment surfaces. Faecal coliform bacteria were negligible in this rainwater harvesting system. Despite evidence of bacterial and chemical loading via catchment processes, the tank outlet samples showed that bacterial and selected chemical components were reduced, suggesting active processes of contaminant regulation within the tank.
The Classical Approach to Convergence Analysis

The concepts of sigma-convergence, absolute beta-convergence and conditional beta-convergence are discussed in this paper. The concepts are applied to a variety of data sets that include a large cross-section of 110 countries, the subsample of OECD countries, the states within the United States, the prefectures of Japan, and regions within several European countries. Except for the large cross-section of countries, all data sets display strong evidence of sigma-convergence and absolute beta-convergence. The cross-section of countries exhibits sigma-divergence and conditional beta-convergence. The speed of conditional convergence, which is very similar across data sets, is close to 2 percent per year. Copyright 1996 by Royal Economic Society.
Dictator game with indivisibility of money

We study a dictator game where the dictators first indicate their willingness to give in a decision form and then allocate 10 yuan cash to the receiver in an envelope. The dictators are informed that their giving has to be an integer in Treatment 1, and a round number of 5 in Treatment 2 after they fill in the form. The results show that (1) People are on average more generous when writing a number on paper than allocating real cash; (2) The difference between willingness to give and actual giving is statistically significant in the case of divisible money (Treatment 1), but not significant in the case of indivisible money (Treatment 2); and (3) A substantial fraction (25%) of individuals do not follow the rounding rule in Treatment 2. The deviation from the rounding rule can be partly explained by an augmented version of the ERC model by Bolton and Ockenfels (2000). JEL Classification: C91, D03, E03, M59
Forecasting the Influence of Climate Change on Agroecosystem Services: Potential Impacts on Honey Yields in a Small-Island Developing State

Global change poses numerous challenges to developing nations and small-island developing states (SIDSs). Among these are the effects of climate change on honeybees’ provisioning services including honey production. Here we ask two questions. First, what is the relationship between honey yield and climate in a tropical environment? Second, how does yield vary spatially under current climate and future scenarios of climate change? Focusing on the island of Puerto Rico, we developed an ensemble of bioclimatic models that were used in a geographical information system to identify suitable areas for honey production under current and future scenarios of climate change. A comparison between contemporary (1998–2005) and historical (1910–1974) honey yield data revealed a reduction in average yield, including variability, over time, with current yields averaging 5.3 L/colony. Three bioclimatic variables were retained by at least three models: temperature seasonality and mean temperature of the wettest quarter were negatively correlated with honey yields whereas precipitation of the wettest month was positively correlated. The four models varied in terms of their predictions but showed that both honey yields and areas suitable for honey production will decrease under scenarios of climate change. These results illustrate the possible impacts of climate change on honey and ultimately honeybees.
Infrastructure and Economic Growth in Egypt

In the past half a century, Egypt has experienced remarkable progress in the provision of infrastructure in all areas, including transportation, telecommunication, power generation, and water and sanitation. Judging from an international perspective, Egypt has achieved an infrastructure status that closely corresponds to what could be expected given its national income level. The present infrastructure status is the result of decades of purposeful investment. In the past 15 years, however, a worrisome trend has emerged: Infrastructure investment has suffered a substantial decline, which may be at odds with the countrys goals of raising economic growth. Improving infrastructure in Egypt would require a combination of larger infrastructure expenditures and more efficient investment. The analysis provided in this paper suggests that an increase in infrastructure expenditures from 5 to 6 percent of gross domestic product would raise the annual per capita growth rate of gross domestic product by about 0.5 percentage points in a decades time and 1 percentage point by the third decade. If the increase in infrastructure investment did not imply a heavier government burden (for instance, by cutting down on inefficient expenditures), the corresponding increase in growth of per capita gross domestic product would be substantially larger, in fact twice as large by the end of the first decade. This highlights the importance of considering renewed infrastructure investment in the larger context of public sector reform.
Influence of Government spending on the house prices in Vietnam

This study investigates for the first time whether government spending is an important driving force of a recent increase in housing price in Vietnam. Using a Vector Autoregressive Model approach with a unique quarterly dataset of the 2011-2015 period from two biggest and most important cities of Vietnam (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh), the results show that an increase in expenditure for investment instead of the recurrent expenditure or other government spendings pulls up housing price. On the one hand, the findings may reflect that households in the investment projects’ areas may be willing to pay for an increase in public spending through taxes and fees. On the other hand, the results may suggest that one of the solutions curbing housing price inflation is to limit government spending in new streets, new infrastructure, and building improvements.
Effect of temperature on development and reproduction in Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The duration of development, reproduction and longevity of Gastrophysa viridula (DeGeer) was measured at constant temperatures and a long day photoperiod. At 18, 21.5, 25, and 28°C the average duration of development of the egg, larval and pupal stages and total development time (28.2, 21.6, 16.1, 15.0 days) decreased with temperature but the proportion of time spent in the egg, larval and pupal stages did not significantly change with temperature. Total development required 304.6 day degrees above the lower development threshold of 7.1°C. Pre-adult mortality and the rate of oviposition increased, and the duration of oviposition decreased with increasing temperature. Net reproduction rate Ro decreased (from 157 female eggs at 18°C to 75 female eggs at 28°C) and mean generation time T also decreased (from 45.5 days at 18°C to 24.1 days at 28°C) with increasing temperature. The intrinsic rate of population increase rm increased with temperature (from 0.111 at 18°C to 0.179 at 28°C). On a physiological time scale the average generation time T was 496 day degrees.
Not-For-Profit Accounting Standards: Should Churches and Private Enterprise Sing from the Same Hymnbook?

This study examines the implications of alternative conceptual frameworks put forth by the Accounting Standards Board and the Public Sector Accounting Standards Board in a position paper regarding the future of financial reporting by not-for-profit organizations. The study explores whether there is submerged material related to the response of the Anglican Church of Canada to the standard setters’ Invitation to Comment. A paucity of research is extant on accounting standards in religious organizations; this paper provides a case study on the Anglican Church of Canada.
The Effect of Number of Storey's and Columns Dimensions on the Accuracy of Tributary Area Method

In recent years, the utilization of computer techniques in engineering application has become an irreversible trend. This is achieved through using computer as the device for modeling, analysis, and design. The study mainly has focused on the accuracy of the tributary area method for estimation load , as compared to finite element method by SAP2000, considering the effect of building overall height (i.e. number of storey's) from 1 to 10 and column dimensions (i.e. stiffness) from 20×20 cm to 70×70 cm. According to the analysis of the data obtained, we can see the error in the load computed by the tributary area approximation becomes relatively larger as the number of storey's increases, especially for the lateral load calculations, and the stiffness of the columns increases, the predictions using the tributary area method improves for both axial and lateral forces in the columns.
The impact of Saharan dust and black carbon on albedo and long-term mass balance of an Alpine glacier

Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice control glacier melt as shortwave radiation represents the main component of the surface energy balance. Here, we investigate the long-term effect of snow impurities, i.e., mineral dust and black carbon (BC), on albedo and glacier mass balance. The analysis was performed over the period 1914–2014 for two sites on Claridenfirn, Swiss Alps, where an outstanding 100-year record of seasonal mass balance measurements is available. Information on atmospheric deposition of mineral dust and BC over the last century was retrieved from two firn/ice cores of high-alpine sites. A combined mass balance and snow/firn layer model was employed to assess the effects of melt and accumulation processes on the impurity concentration at the surface and thus on albedo and glacier mass balance. Compared to pure snow conditions, the presence of Saharan dust and BC lowered the mean annual albedo by 0.04–0.06 depending on the location on the glacier. Consequently, annual melt was increased by 15–19 %, and the mean annual mass balance was reduced by about 280–490 mm w.e. BC clearly dominated absorption which is about 3 times higher than that of mineral dust. The upper site has experienced mainly positive mass balances and impurity layers were continuously buried whereas at the lower site, surface albedo was more strongly influenced by re-exposure of dust and BC-enriched layers due to frequent years with negative mass balances.
COMBINED EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND JOULE HEATING WITH VISCOUS DISSIPATION ON MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FREE CONVECTION FLOW AROUND A SPHERE

The effects of radiation and joule heating with viscous dissipation on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow around a sphere have been studied in this paper. The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless non-similar equations by using a set of suitable transformations and solved numerically by the finite difference method along with Newton’s linearization approximation. The solutions are expressed in terms of the skin friction coefficient, the rate of heat transfer, the velocity profiles, and temperature profiles over the whole boundary layer. The effects of pertinent parameters such as radiation parameter Rd, viscous dissipation parameter Vd, magnetic parameter M, joule heating parameter J, and the Prandtl number Pr are shown graphically and discussed.
The effects of Curriculum-Based Measurement on EFL learners' achievements in grammar and reading

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of using Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) on the learners’ achievement in L2 grammar and reading in an EFL context and to further investigate whether the students’ classroom performances would predict their final exam results. To conduct this study, two classes, each containing 30 female students, were selected among the existing 1 st grade high school classes in a high school. Prior to the treatment, all participants were given both reading and grammar tests so as to make sure of any initial differences among them. CBM was randomly implemented in one of these classes (as an experimental group) once a week over a 12-week period to monitor their progress in reading and grammar. At the end of the treatment, all participants took the achievement test. The results of two independent-samples t-tests indicated that CBM significantly improved students’ L2 reading and grammar achievement during the term. Also, the results of two linear correlations revealed that CBM outcomes during a semester significantly predicted final exam results.
THE INFLUENCE OF SPELL-CHECKERS ON STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO GENERATE REPAIRS OF SPELLING ERRORS

Recent studies show that spell-checkers help reduce students’ surface errors in writing by flagging spelling errors and giving correct spelling suggestions. This study investigates if the error correction provided by the spell-checker tool in word processors are internalized by students. A quasi-experimental two-group study was conducted on 30 Form 1 students in a school in Kuching, Sarawak. The learners were given dictations which contained words listed as commonly misspelled words according to Oxford University Press (2012). The experimental group were given three dictations- one in which they used word processors and allowed to use the spell-checker tool and the control group was given two dictations, both handwritten. The data gathered were analysed using a software for statistical analysis. This study found that, while the spell-checker helped the learners revise their spelling on one dictation exercise, learners still made the same errors in their spelling after the use of spell-checkers. Therefore it argues that while spell-checkers help eliminate surface errors, they have very little influence on correcting the errors on the cognitive level. Keywords: Spell-checkers, word processors, error correction, dictation, spelling Cite as: Rimbar, H. (2017). The influence of spell-checkers on students’ ability to generate repairs of spelling errors. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2 (1), 1-12. http://dx.doi. org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss1pp1-12