Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘It's like a revolving door syndrome’: Professional perspectives on models of access to services for people with early-stage dementia

As the need for services for people with dementia grows, and the benefits of early intervention become clear, it has become important to understand what factors may improve access to services for people with early-stage dementia. There are a number of models of service access, and these emphasise different areas, whether individual factors, relationships, or social context. The relevance of these models to variations in service access for people with early-stage dementia, and how well they relate to professional accounts, is not well known. In this study, 30 key professionals were interviewed about access to services for people with early-stage dementia in order to explore how different models of access were reflected in their own understandings. People with early-stage dementia were thought to have a range of complex needs, but participants felt these needs remained largely unmet. When articulating the reasons why they thought needs were unmet, participants focused on the impact of the framework within which services are delivered. The findings highlight the importance of considering relationships and socio-contextual factors, such as the impact of the framework of service delivery, when attempting to understand variations in access to services. In order to improve access to services, it will be necessary to move beyond addressing individual factors relating to access, and to consider the impact of the framework for service delivery and the relationships that influence contact with services.
[Potentialities of a serological method in diagnosis of atrophic gastritis].

AIM To analyse diagnostic potential of "serological gastrobiopsy" in patients with various gastroduodenal diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 244 patients with gastroduodenal pathology have been examined. The diagnoses made morphologically were compared with those made by the serological method. The diagnosis of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, atrophic gastritis, nonatrophic gastritis was made in 155, 31, 43 and 15 patients, respectively. The type of chronic gastritis was diagnosed by the levels of gastrin-17, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II and antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in blood serum. The diagnoses made serologically were compared with those made morphologically. RESULTS The highest accuracy of a serological diagnosis of mucosal atrophy of the antral stomach was observed in gastric ulcer (80.6%) and duodenal ulcer (71.6%) in high sensitivity and low specificity. The accuracy of the diagnosis of gastric body mucosa atrophy in atrophic gastritis was 60.5%, in gastric ulcer--51.6%, in duodenal ulcer 58.7% in high specificity and low sensitivity. Serological diagnosis of gastric atrophy was accurate in 71.7%. In weak morphological picture of gastric body atrophy false negative serological diagnosis is possible. No false positive results occurred in diagnosis of gastric body mucosal atrophy (specificity 100%). A negative correlation was found between the severity of gastric body atrophy and pepsinogen I serum level (r = -0.380), pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II in blood serum (r = -0.392). No differences were revealed in gastrin-17 levels in the serum in different atrophy severity in the antral mucosa. CONCLUSION "Serological gastrobiopsy"provides satisfactory accuracy of atrophic gastritis diagnosis in gastroduodenal diseases.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Chondroitin with a Novel Chondroitin Sulfate N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase That Transfers N-Acetylgalactosamine to Glucuronic Acid in Initiation and Elongation of Chondroitin Sulfate Synthesis*

We found a novel glycosyltransferase gene having a hypothetical β1,4-galactosyltransferase motif (GenBankTM accession number AB081516) by a BLAST search and cloned its full-length open reading frame using the 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. The truncated form was expressed in insect cells as a soluble enzyme. It transferredN-acetylgalactosamine, not galactose, topara-nitrophenyl-β-glucuronic acid. TheN-acetylgalactosamine-glucuronic acid linkage has been identified only in chondroitin sulfate; therefore, we examined its chondroitin elongation and initiation activities.N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity was observed toward chondroitin poly- and oligosaccharides, chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides, and linkage tetrasaccharide (GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-O-methoxyphenyl), and the chondroitin polysaccharide and linkage tetrasaccharide were better acceptor substrates than the others. Northern blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that its 4-kb transcripts were highly expressed in thyroid and placenta, although they were ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cells. These results suggest that this enzyme has N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity in both the elongation and initiation of chondroitin sulfate synthesis. Furthermore, we performed enzymatic synthesis of chondroitin pentasaccharide in vitro. In one tube reaction with four enzymes, β1,4-galactosyltransferase-VII, β1,3-galactosyltransferase-VI, glucuronyltransferase-I, and this enzyme, and a synthetic xylose-peptide acceptor, the structure GalNAc-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-peptide was constructed. This is the first report of a chondroitin pentasaccharide constructed with recombinant glycosyltransferases in vitro.
Reported symptoms to peanut between 4 and 8 years among children sensitized to peanut and birch pollen – results from the BAMSE birth cohort

To cite this article: Asarnoj A, Östblom E, Ahlstedt S, Hedlin G, Lilja G, van Hage M, Wickman M. Reported symptoms to peanut between 4 and 8 years among children sensitized to peanut and birch pollen – results from the BAMSE birth cohort. Allergy 2010; 65: 213–219.
"You aren't going to get better by just sitting around": physical activity perceptions, motivations, and barriers in adults 75 years of age or older.

Despite accumulating evidence of cardiovascular benefits associated with physical activity in older people, sedentary behavior increases with age. Few physical activity research studies focus on underactive adults 75 years and older. In-depth qualitative interviews using open-ended questions explored perceptions, motivations, and barriers to physical activity in 33 previously sedentary or underactive adults age > or =75. Data were analyzed using the NUD*IST (Non-numerical, Unstructured Data Indexing, Searching, and Theorizing) qualitative analysis program. Participants saw sedentary behavior as harmful, considered themselves relatively active, were unsure of amounts of physical activity to do, and welcomed more physical activity information from their doctors. Motivations included health, independence, family, and appearances. Barriers were poor health, lack of time, aging, and adverse environments. Results suggest that people continue to be interested in physical activity as they age, but some misperceptions about physical activity exist. Even with health problems and age, physical activity counseling by doctors is valued and considered helpful by this age group.
Accurate calculation of winding resistance and influence of interleaving to mitigate ac effect in a medium-frequency high-power transformer

Medium/high-frequency transformer is an integral part of many power conversion systems. Switching at higher frequency results in lesser volume of magnetics but induces higher winding loss density, on account of increased eddy current effects in conductors. Thus winding resistance is a key parameter to characterize performance of a medium-frequency (MF) highpower (HP) transformer. In this paper, 10 kW, 0.5/2.5 kV, 1 kHz transformer designs are presented employing different winding dispositions (normal and interleaved) and conductor geometries (foil, round). Dowells' and Ferreira's methods, which are computationally cost-effective among other analytical methods, are discussed to calculate winding resistance at higher switching frequency. Nature of ac resistance factor distribution among multi-layer winding is examined in detail and shown that with adaption of interleaved winding, eddy-current effects at higher switching frequency is minimized. Analytically calculated results are validated with FEA (2D) simulation. At medium frequency, with proper selection of core and winding geometry, very close agreement is achieved between analytical and FEA (2D) results, which substantiates aptness and computational efficacy of Dowell's and Ferreira's methods as well as aiding effect of interleaving to reduce ac resistance in multi-layer wining.
Parenting style is related to executive dysfunction after brain injury in children.

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine how parenting style (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive) and family functioning are related to behavioral aspects of executive function following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in young children. METHOD Participants included 75 children with TBI and 97 children with orthopedic injuries (OI), ages 3-7 years at injury. Pre-injury parenting behavior and family functioning were assessed shortly after injury, and postinjury executive functions were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF; Gioia & Isquith, 2004) at 6, 12, and 18 months postinjury. Mixed model analyses, using pre-injury executive functioning (assessed by the BRIEF at baseline) as a covariate, examined the relationship of parenting style and family characteristics to executive functioning in children with moderate and severe TBI compared to OI. RESULTS Among children with moderate TBI, higher levels of authoritarian parenting were associated with greater executive difficulties at 12 and 18 months following injury. Permissive and authoritative parenting styles were not significantly associated with postinjury executive skills. Finally, fewer family resources predicted more executive deficits across all of the groups, regardless of injury type. CONCLUSION These findings provide additional evidence regarding the role of the social and familial environment in emerging behavior problems following childhood TBI.
Concentration Dependent Effect of (−)‐Epicatechin on Na+/K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase Inhibition Induced by Free Radicals in Hypertensive Patients: Comparison with L‐ascorbic Acid

Although the antioxidant properties of flavonoids are well documented, it is still unclear whether these effects are dependent on radical scavenging or iron chelating activities. Oxidative stress, a state of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, is associated with vascular disease conditions such as hypertension. Both the anti‐ and pro‐oxidant effects of tea catechins have been implicated in the alterations of cellular functions that determine their chemoprotective and therapeutic potentials in health and diseases. The present study examined the concentration dependent (10−7 to 10−4 m) effects of (−)‐epicatechin and L‐ascorbic acid on Na+/K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase activity in hypertensive patients and normal subjects. L‐ascorbic acid has been used as a positive control to compare the effect of (−)‐epicatechin. A significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in the activities of Na+/K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase was observed in hypertensive patients compared with normal subjects. We report that (−)‐epicatechin shows a significant (p < 0.001) dose‐dependent protective effect against oxidative stress induced by tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BHP), which is manisfested as a decrease in the activity of erythrocyte Na+/K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase, in hypertensive patients as well as normal subjects. The effect of L‐ascorbic acid was also significant (p < 0.001) and was comparable with that of (−)‐epicatechin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of dendritic cell function and immune response by cysteine protease inhibitor from murine nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Modulation and suppression of the immune response of the host by nematode parasites have been reported extensively and the cysteine protease inhibitor (CPI or cystatin) is identified as one of the major immunomodulators. In the present study, we cloned and produced recombinant CPI protein from the murine nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus (rHp‐CPI) and investigated its immunomodulatory effects on dendritic cell (DC) function and immune responses in mice. Bone‐marrow‐derived CD11c+ DC (BMDC) that were exposed to rHp‐CPI during the differentiation stage showed reduced MHC‐II molecule expression compared with BMDC that were generated in normal culture conditions. The BMDC generated in the presence of rHp‐CPI also exhibited reduced expression of CD40, CD86 and MHC‐II molecules and reduced interleukin‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α cytokine production when stimulated with Toll‐like receptor ligand CpG. Activation of BMDC generated in normal conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide and CpG was also suppressed by rHp‐CPI, as shown by reduced co‐stimulatory molecule expression and cytokine production. Furthermore, BMDC treated with rHp‐CPI before ovalbumin (OVA) antigen pulsing induced a weaker proliferation response and less interferon‐γ production of OVA‐specific CD4+ T cells compared with BMDC without rHp‐CPI pre‐treatment. Adoptive transfer of rHp‐CPI‐treated and OVA‐loaded BMDC to mice induced significantly lower levels of antigen‐specific antibody response than the BMDC loaded with antigen alone. These results demonstrated that the CPI from nematode parasites is able to modulate differentiation and activation stages of BMDC. It also interferes with antigen and MHC‐II molecule processing and Toll‐like receptor signalling pathway, resulting in functionally deficient DC that induce a suboptimum immune response.
Alkaline phosphatase staining of pig and sheep epiblast cells in culture

To define better the characteristics of pig and sheep epiblast cells in culture, the cells were tested for the presence of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a biochemical marker characteristic of mouse embryonic stem cells. Pig and sheep epiblast cells were positive for AP staining both at isolation from the blastocyst and after primary in vitro culture. The innermost portion of the attendant endoderm surrounding the epiblast was also positive for AP staining during primary culture. AP staining was lost upon differentiation or senescence of the epiblast cells. Also, all differentiated epiblast‐derived cell cultures were negative for AP staining, with the exception of neuron‐like cultures. Epiblast‐like cells were cultured from day 10 (pig) and day 13 (sheep) embryonic discs, and these cells were also AP positive until they differentiated. Trophectoderm‐endoderm‐like cells from embryonic discs were AP negative or weakly positive. AP is a convenient marker for undifferentiated pig and sheep epiblast cells in culture when used in conjunction with cell morphology analysis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testosterone partially ameliorates metabolic profile and erectile responsiveness to PDE5 inhibitors in an animal model of male metabolic syndrome.

INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors (hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, visceral fat accumulation) that is also associated with hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction (ED). AIM To clarify the relationships among MetS, hypogonadism, and ED, we developed an animal model of MetS. METHODS Male rabbits fed a high-fat diet (HFD), with or without testosterone (T) supplementation, were compared with control rabbits (fed a standard chow) and with rabbits made hypogonadal by a single injection of a long-acting GnRH-analog, triptorelin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Evaluation of metabolic disturbances (plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone, LH, FSH level, glucose tolerance, mean arterial pressure, visceral fat accumulation), and corpora cavernosa (CC) relaxant capacity (in vitro contractility study) in HFD animals as compared with control, GnRH analog-treated rabbits, and T-supplemented HFD rabbits. RESULTS HFD rabbits showed all the features of MetS. HFD induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by a reduction of plasma T, FSH, LH levels, testis and seminal vesicles weight, and testicular steroidogenic enzymes. Such a phenotype is similar to that induced by triptorelin administration. A reduced GnRH immunopositivity in hypothalamus suggests a central origin of HFD-related hypogonadism. HFD also induced penile alterations, as demonstrated by a reduction of acetylcholine-and electrical field stimulation-induced CC relaxation, hyper-responsiveness to the NO donor, SNP, and unresponsiveness to PDE5 inhibitors. Similar penile alterations were observed in triptorelin treated rabbit. In HFD, as well as in triptorelin treated rabbits, PDE5 and eNOS mRNA expression quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were significantly decreased. T administration prevented almost all penile alterations observed in HFD rabbits. T treatment dramatically reduced HFD-induced visceral obesity, partially ameliorating also the metabolic profile. CONCLUSION We have developed an animal model of MetS associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and penile alterations including unresponsiveness to PDE5 inhibitors. T supplementation was able to partially revert HFD-induced phenotype.
Likelihood of concurrent climate extremes and variations over China

Extreme climate events such as droughts and heat waves exert strong impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Estimations of the risks of climate extremes typically focus on one variable in isolation. In this study, we present a method to examine the likelihood of concurrent extreme temperature and precipitation modes at the interannual scale, including compound cool/dry and cool/wet events during the cold season as well as compound hot/dry and hot/wet events during the warm season. A comparison of changes in the likelihood of such joint climate extremes was then conducted between the first (1961–1987) and second (1988–2014) halves of the full observed records. Our findings indicate a decrease in the occurrence probability for most concurrent modes over much of China, despite positive shifts found over southwestern and northeastern parts of China for the compound hot/dry events in the warm season. We further examined changes in likelihood related to these four compound climate extremes between the historical observed period (1961–2014) and the future period (2021–2080) based on climate model simulations with the RCP8.5 scenario. Our results show widespread increases in the occurrence probability for wintertime cool/dry and summertime hot/dry and hot/wet events over most parts of China but with different magnitudes, while much of China may experience declining likelihood of the wintertime cool/wet extremes in the future.
A clinical system for three-dimensional extended-field-of-view ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE This work is concerned with the creation of three-dimensional (3D) extended-field-of-view ultrasound from a set of volumes acquired using a mechanically swept 3D probe. 3D volumes of ultrasound data can be registered by attaching a position sensor to the probe; this can be an inconvenience in a clinical setting. A position sensor can also cause some misalignment due to patient movement and respiratory motion. We propose a combination of three-degrees-of-freedom image registration and an unobtrusively integrated inertial sensor for measuring orientation. The aim of this research is to produce a reliable and portable ultrasound system that is able to register 3D volumes quickly, making it suitable for clinical use. METHOD As part of a feasibility study we recruited 28 pregnant females attending for routine obstetric scans to undergo 3D extended-field-of-view ultrasound. A total of 49 data sets were recorded. Each registered data set was assessed for correct alignment of each volume by two independent observers. RESULTS In 77-83% of the data sets more than four consecutive volumes registered. The successful registration relies on good overlap between volumes and is adversely affected by advancing gestational age and foetal movement. CONCLUSION The development of reliable 3D extended-field-of-view ultrasound may help ultrasound practitioners to demonstrate the anatomical relation of pathology and provide a convenient way to store data.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin in adults with relapsed or refractory CD22-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a phase 1/2 study.

This study evaluated the safety, antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) for CD22-positive relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In phase 1, patients received InO 1.2 (n = 3), 1.6 (n = 12), or 1.8 (n = 9) mg/m2 per cycle on days 1, 8, and 15 over a 28-day cycle (≤6 cycles). The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was confirmed (expansion cohort; n = 13); safety and activity of InO were assessed in patients receiving the RP2D in phase 2 (n = 35) and in all treated patients (n = 72). The RP2D was 1.8 mg/m2 per cycle (0.8 mg/m2 on day 1; 0.5 mg/m2 on days 8 and 15), with reduction to 1.6 mg/m2 per cycle after complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete marrow recovery (CRi). Treatment-related toxicities were primarily cytopenias. Four patients experienced treatment-related venoocclusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS; 1 fatal). Two VOD/SOS events occurred during treatment without intervening transplant; of 24 patients proceeding to poststudy transplant, 2 experienced VOD/SOS after transplant. Forty-nine (68%) patients had CR/CRi, with 41 (84%) achieving minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity. Median progression-free survival was 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.9-5.4) months; median overall survival was 7.4 (5.7-9.2) months for all treated patients, with median 23.7 (range, 6.8-29.8) months of follow-up for all treated patients alive at data cutoff. Achievement of MRD negativity was associated with higher InO exposure. InO was well tolerated and demonstrated high single-agent activity and MRD-negativity rates. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT01363297.
In-place or out-of-place? Host–guest encounter under ‘One Country, Two Systems’

This study aims to examine the mutual perceptions between Hong Kong residents and Mainland Chinese visitors when they share mall spaces in Hong Kong, further to investigate if and in what circumstances potential conflicts exist between them. Mixed methods, including a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews, were used as a response to the call for including qualitative methods for more thorough understanding of the host–guest relationship. The survey findings suggest that Mainland tourists were perceived negatively while local residents were perceived positively in both Perception of Behaviour and Perception of Crowdedness. Three place identities are also analysed from in-depth interviews, namely Hong Kong residents being ‘in place’, Mainland visitors being ‘out of place’, and Hong Kong residents being ‘outsiders’. The politics of mobility arising from their conflicts leads to and increases fluidity of their place identity. This study contributes to the literature by examining perceptions on an individual level among the nationals of differing national identities in one single country. It also offers insights for authorities in managing relationships and tensions currently existing in tourism spaces. Such an analysis using the concepts of insideness–outsideness and in-place/out-of-place could be extended to a wider scope of relationships by including different stakeholders in tourism.