Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marginal seal evaluation of adhesive amalgam restaurations

Dental amalgam is still the material most commonly used to restore posterior teeth in many countries. Amalgam is very popular because of its strength, longevity, low cost, and relative ease of handling compared to other direct restorative materials. Two important disadvantages of amalgam restaurations are lack of adhesion to tooth structure and marginal leakage. Introduction of dentin adhesive systems enabled better marginal seal between amalgam and tooth structure. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate, in vitro conditions, the marginal seal of amalgam restaurations with dentin adhesive systems using the method of diffusion dye. Material and methods: In this study 50 extracted human teeth were used. Class II cavities were prepared on all the teeth. The teeth were divided in five groups and materials applied according to manufacturer’s instructions: Gamabond, Optibond Solo, OptiGuard, Ionosit - Base Liner and control group. All the teeth were thermocycled 200 times, at temperatures: 5 - 7oC, 37oC and 57 - 59oC. Method of diffusion dye was used to estimate the quality of marginal seal of amalgam restaurations. All teeth were immersed into 50% solution of silver nitrate, and then into 10% developing solution. All teeth were cut with a diamond disc in the meso - distal plane. Penetration dye was estimated using binocular magnifying glass that magnifies 25 times, with inserted micrometar scale. Results were statistically analysed with Student t - test. Results: The least penetration dye was recorded in the group of amalgam restaurations rebonded with OptiGuard. Higher penetration dye was noted in the groups of adhesive amalgam restaurations, where Gamabond showed lower penetration dye in comparison with Optibond Solo. Penetration dye in the group Ionosit - Base Liner was higher than in the groups where dentin adhesive systems were used: on the occlusal wall, penetration dye in comparison with Gamabond showed statistically significant difference, (p < 0,5) while penetration dye in comparison with Optibond Solo showed no statistically significant difference. On the gingival wall, penetration dye in comparison with dentin adhesive systems - Gamabond and Optibond Solo, showed a statistically significant difference, (p < 0,01). The highest penetration dye was in the control group. Conclusion: The best marginal seal of amalgam restaurations was achieved with OptiGuard. Use of dentin adhesive systems also provided good marginal seal, with better results from Gamabond compared to Optibond Solo. Using Ionosit - Base Liner good marginal seal on the occlusal wall was also accomplished, while penetration dye on the gingival wall showed a statistically significant difference in comparison with adhesive and rebonding amalgam restaurations.
Prognostic Factors in the Assessment of Male Transsexuals for Sex Reassignment

Summary To bring to light the particular circumstances which from the outset weigh against the prospect of a successful result of sex reassignment the authors describe five male cases of transsexualism all of whom subsequently regretted the measure taken for sex reassignment. The number of factors suspected to be prognostically unfavourable was to a statistically significant degree more common among five ‘repentant’ cases than among nine cases with favourable outcome. It was also evident that the patients with unfavourable outcome were considerably older when they first sought help with the aim of obtaining sex reassignment. The results suggest that the more of such factors there are present in a particular case the stronger are the reasons for restraint in embarking upon a course of active intervention.
Patterns of Spread

Success in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease during the last few years has followed improved methods to detect the extent of the disease, better estimation of the likely rate of advance, and more efficient application of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. All three (detection of involvement, forecast of further dissemination, and extent and method of treatment) have contributed to or depended on a better understanding of the modes and directions of spread of the disease. Misunderstandings and inaccuracies in the estimate of degree of spread may be overcome to some extent by making splenectomy and total nodal irradiation routine procedures. While this is likely to improve overall survival figures, some patients will receive more extensive treatments than they need, which may be dangerous. The chance of success with chemotherapy may be seriously prejudiced in those patients who still develop spread to nonlymphoid organs. Thus, a better understanding of the mode and
Distance Based Source Domain Selection for Automated Sentiment Classification

Automated Sentiment Classification (SC) on short text fragments has been an upcoming field of research. Different machine learning techniques and word representation models have proven to be successful in classifying sentiment of opinion expressions in various domains, i.e. different topics or source media. However, when training on a source domain different from the target domain of interest, we encounter a large domain shift resulting in poor cross domain classification performance. In this report, we first provide information on the key principles of SC, starting with the SC pipeline and the encountered domain shift. Then, we show a novel method of selecting a source domain by using four unsupervised distance measures: Chi squared distance, Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD) and Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD). We evaluate the effectiveness of using these unsupervised measures individually, and in a linear combination, to identify one or more suitable source domains for an SC task for various target domains. This linear combination is proposed as the CMEK model, an acronym of the four measures it uses. Results show that our proposed CMEK model for source domain selection results in a reduction of adaptation loss by 7 percent points compared to training on a randomly selected source domain. When selecting multiple domains, our proposed selection method is competitive with training on all data. In the light of general performance, we recommend the CMEK model for source domain selection for an SC task. The CMEK model shows significantly good performance and stable behavior in selecting multiple source domains and it has solid performance in selecting the single best domain.
Attending cultural events and cancer mortality: A Swedish cohort study

Attendance at cultural events is associated with better survival and self-rated health. This study aimed to determine whether attendance at cinemas, theater, art galleries, live music shows, and museums was associated with cancer-related mortality. A randomly selected, cancer-free cohort of Swedish adults aged 25–74 years (n = 9011), formed in 1990–91, was followed up to 31 December 2003. The outcome measure was cancer-related mortality. The main independent variable was a cultural attendance index. A proportional hazards analysis adjusted for age, sex, chronic conditions, disposable income, educational attainment, smoking status, leisure time physical activity, and urban/non-urban residency was conducted. Rare and moderate attendees were 3.23 (95% CI: 1.60–6.52) and 2.92 (95% CI: 1.52–5.62) times, respectively, more likely to die of cancer during the follow-up period than frequent attendees. The effect was observed only among residents of urban areas. The results, if replicated, imply that promoting attendance at cultural events could lead to improved urban population health.
Dietary Practice and Physical Activity in Children with Down Syndrome and Their Siblings in Saudi Arabia

Background: Feeding difficulties and inappropriate nutrition are common problems among children with Down Syndrome (DS). Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the dietary practice and physical activity among children with DS. Methodology: The study groups were pre-pubertal DS boys and girls, aged 5 to 12 years clinically and cytogenetically proven to be suffering from DS. Healthy siblings, closest in age to the DS children were used as a control group. Breast feeding, eating difficulties, fast food intake, and physical activity were measured for both groups. Results: During infancy period, 36.4% of the DS children were bottle fed, compared to only 5.5% of the normal siblings. Nearly half of the breast-fed DS children were fed for duration of less than 6 months. The percentage of the DS children experiencing dietary difficulties is significantly higher compared to the siblings. Concerning physical activity, 73.1% of DS children did not exercise as compared to 44.2% of the control siblings. Conclusion: Controlling feeding practices and encouraging Down syndrome children to participate in physical activity either through support from parents or through designing special programs and facilities and are two avenues that can be used for obesity prevention.
A Comparison between Vector Algorithm and CRSS Algorithms for Indoor Localization using Received Signal Strength

─ A comparison is presented between two indoor localization algorithms using received signal strength, namely the vector algorithm and the Comparative Received Signal Strength (CRSS) algorithm. Signal values were obtained using ray tracing software and processed with MATLAB to ascertain the effects on localization accuracy of radio map resolution, number of access points and operating frequency. The vector algorithm outperforms the CRSS algorithm, which suffers from ambiguity, although that can be reduced by using more access points and a higher operating frequency. Ambiguity is worsened by the addition of more reference points. The vector algorithm performance is enhanced by adding more access points and reference points while it degrades with increasing frequency provided that the statistical mean of error increased to about 60 cm for most studied cases. Index Terms ─ CRSS, indoor localization, ray tracing, RSS.
Primipar Mothers In Postpartum Period Given Maternity And Newborn Education Increased Attachment: Post Test With Control Group Semi Experimental Research

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Araştırma postpartum dönemde primipar annelere verilen eğitimin yenidoğanı algılama ve maternal bağlanmaya etkisini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araştırma Mart 2009Şubat 2011 tarihleri arasında kontrol gruplu deneme modeliyle yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Erzurum il merkezinde bir aile sağlığı merkezine kayıtlı primipar, postpartum dönemde olan anneler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örnekleminde ise güç analizi ile belirlenen rastlantısal örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 55 kontrol, 55 Eğitim grubunda olmak üzere toplam 110 anne ile çalışılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında annelerin tanıtıcı özelliklerine ilişkin kişisel bilgi formu, Yenidoğanı Algılama Ölçeği ve Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler; yüzdelik, ki-kare, varyans analizi, korelasyon kullanılmıştır. BULGULAR: Annelerin yenidoğanı algılama durumları karşılaştırıldığında; eğitim grubundaki annelerin %92.7’si kontrol grubundaki annelerin %85.5’inin bebeğini olumlu algıladığı, gruplar arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Her iki gruptaki annelerin 4. ve12. haftada maternal bağlanma düzeyleri incelendiğinde; eğitim grubundaki annelerin maternal bağlanma düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur ve gruplar arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.001, p<0.05). TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Primipar annelere verilen eğitim annelerin maternal bağlanma düzeyini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Postpartum, anne, yenidoğanı algılama, maternal bağlanma, eğitim
How Nonprofit Organizations Use Social Media for Fundraising: A Systematic Literature Review

Social media (SM) are widely used by nonprofit organizations (NPOs). However, little is known about how they are used for fundraising, especially regarding their benefits/disbenefits, and the optimum strategies for maximizing value from such campaigns. The study presented here aimed to address this gap by collecting, analyzing and synthesizing the results of the corpus of published academic research on this topic. Of 194 potentially relevant search results generated from seven international online databases, only 71 (62 studies) fully met the inclusion criteria. Most of these qualifying studies were published in social science journals in the past three years and derived from high-income countries. Our findings indicate that the benefits NPOs can obtain from using SM for fundraising include increased transparency and accountability, operational, involvement and engagement, and improved organizational image (although in respect of the two latter, outcomes can be mixed). The strategies for NPOs' SM use for fundraising focused either on generic management of social media for NPO’s fundraising or on management of some specific SM fundraising campaigns.
Identifying the Components of Acidosis in Patients With Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Using Metabolomics

Abstract Background Acidosis in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with high mortality, yet the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the nature and source of metabolic acids contributing to acidosis in patients with severe falciparum malaria. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted to characterize circulating acids in adults with P. falciparum malaria (n = 107) and healthy controls (n = 45) from Bangladesh using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics. Additional in vitro P. falciparum culture studies were performed to determine if parasites release the acids detected in plasma from patients with severe malaria acidosis. Results We identified previously unmeasured plasma acids strongly associated with acidosis in severe malaria. Metabolomic analysis of P. falciparum parasites in vitro showed no evidence that these acids are released by the parasite during its life cycle. Instead, 10 of the plasma acids could be mapped to a gut microbial origin. Patients with malaria had low L-citrulline levels, a plasma marker indicating reduced gut barrier integrity. Longitudinal data showed the clearance of these newly identified acids was delayed in fatal cases. Conclusions These data suggest that a compromise in intestinal barrier function may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of life-threatening acidosis in severe falciparum malaria. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02451904.
Sex Differences in Lower Limb Biomechanics During a Single-Leg Cut with Body Borne Load

iv LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x LIST OF PICTURES . xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Specific Aims: . 4 Specific Aim 1: . 4 Hypothesis 1.4 Specific Aim 2: . 5 Hypothesis 2.5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 Military Load Carriage . 7 Load Carriage Biomechanics . 8 Running . 8 Single-leg Cutting . 11 Sex Dimorphism in Lower Limb Biomechanics . 12 Running . 12 Single-leg Cutting . 14
Are adopters of improved rice varieties more productive than non-adopters? Empirical evidence from northern Ghana

Technology adoption is important to enhance agricultural productivity and production efficiency of smallholder farmers in developing countries where productivity and efficiency gaps remain high. Technology adoption, however, remains low among smallholders due to a myriad of factors. This study explores the effect of adoption of improved rice varieties on productivity of smallholder farmer households in northern Ghana. The study relies on farm household survey data collected in 2014 using multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Adoption was modelled using a binary probit model while propensity score matching was used to estimate the average treatment effect of adoption on productivity. The results indicated that adoption of improved rice varieties is influenced by age, sex and years of formal education of the household head, household size, adoption of mechanization, herd size, and the location of the farm. Estimates of the average treatment effect of adoption on productivity indicated that adopters of improved rice varieties were more productive than non-adopters. The study concludes that adoption of improved varieties enhances productivity of smallholder rice farmers. The author therefore recommends public investment in developing and disseminating improved planting materials to smallholder farmers to enhance agricultural productivity, food security and rural incomes. Keywords: Adoption, Smallholder Farmers, Productivity, Propensity Score Matching, Ghana
Board Independence and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria and Canada

Introduction: In current eras, supervisory bodies have interceded in the operations of Deposit Money Banks. This is because they are confronted with plethora of problems such as overexpansion; corruption of bank officers, inappropriate risk management and these resulted to poor financial performance. Aims: The present study aims to focus on the link amid board independence and financial performance of Deposit Money Banks as well as providing a comparative view by focusing on Nigeria and Canada. Methods: This study seeks to observe the association amid board independence and corporate financial performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria and Canada. The panel data methodology is widely recommended for it is useful when data is a blend of time-series and cross-sectional features. The study applied secondary data extracted from annual financial statements of Deposit Money Banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Market and in the Canadian stock market between the ten years period of 2008 and 2017. Results: The variables considered in this study are return on asset (ROA) (dependent variable), proportion of independent non-executive directors on board (BIND) and audit committee independence (ACI) (independent variables), earnings per share (EPS) and firm size (FSIZE) which are control variables. From the findings, it is revealed that there exists a significant relationship between board independence and profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria and Canada. Conclusion: Empirical results obtained reveal that audit committee independence promoted financial performance of the deposit money banks in Nigeria while in Canada it was positive and insignificant. Thus, a greater proportion of audit committee independence would bring about a greater level of financial performance in deposit money banks in Nigeria and Canada. The aspect of corporate governance implies that banks will profit by increasing the number of its independent directors and independent audit committee members.
Emissões otoacústicas evocadas - produto de distorção em neonatos audiologicamente normais

Introducao: Considerando que a pesquisa das emissoes otoacusticas evocadas - produto de distorcao (EOAPD) em neonatos - traz novas perspectivas para o diagnostico precoce da deficiencia auditiva sensorial. Forma de estudo: Prospectivo clinico nao randomizado. Objetivo: Este estudo tem, como objetivo, caracterizar as EOAPD em 20 neonatos audiologicamente normais, de ambos os sexos, quanto a ocorrencia, amplitude e tempo de execucao do exame, atraves do PD-grama, utilizando o equipamento ILO 92 OAE System-Otodynamics Analyser. Resultados: Dos 20 neonatos que compareceram, 17 foram avaliados, totalizando 33 ouvidos. As EOAPD ocorreram em 57,5% em 1 kHz; 93,9% em 1,5 kHz e 3 kHz; 96,9% em 2 kHz; e 100% em 4 kHz e 6 kHz. Conclusao: As amplitudes medias das EOAPD variaram de 9,9 a 20,3 dB NPS; e o tempo medio de realizacao do exame foi de 82 segundos.
Avenues of understanding: mapping the intersecting barriers to adaptation in Namibia

ABSTRACT The existing literature on barriers to adaptation focuses predominantly on the broad, generic factors, such as financial, technological or institutional factors, as examples that might constrain adaptation. Not enough is known, however, about how barriers converge in localities, what drives them and how they interact to affect adaptation processes and outcomes. This paper considers the barriers to adaptation in Namibia through the lens of the ‘adaptation activity space’ – a framework that positions the adapting system in relation to its environment. In doing so, it questions not only what types of barriers are encountered, but what their underlying drivers are and how the relationships among them influence adaptation on the ground. Two intersecting ‘avenues’ within Namibia’s adaptation activity space are explored, namely: (1) the policy-practice partition and (2) the adaptive capacity challenge. Each of these avenues tells a story about the complex nature of barriers and points to the need for greater integration between government spheres, across temporal scales and among actor groups. Such integration is necessary for addressing the barriers to adaptation and for paving the way to a more effective and sustainable adaptation activity space in Namibia.
Blood gases, electrolytes and interpretation 1. Blood gases

Blood gas analysis can give the clinician essential information on the respiratory and metabolic status of a patient. Although often considered difficult or confusing to interpret due to the abundance of chemistry, with a little practice blood gases become easy and quick to interpret. In addition, they provide a vital insight into a patient's status that will ultimately influence how a case is managed. This article discusses the approach to blood gas interpretation and focuses on the interpretation of acid-base and oxygenation status in small animal patients. A second article, to be published in the March issue of In Practice, will discuss the role that electrolytes play in blood gas interpretation along with interpretation of ionised calcium and lactate results.
Bleaching of mechanical pulps in a displacement system : Interesting results were obtained

En vue d'en arriver a promouvoir des temps de blanchiment plus courts que ceux qui sont actuellement utilises dans le processus de blanchiment conventionnel, nous avons mis a l'essai le concept de blanchiment par deplacement a hautes temperatures et concentrations elevees de peroxyde d'hydrogene. Entre autres parametres, nous avons etudie la temperature du lit de fibres, la concentration du peroxyde d'hydrogene et l'alcalinite de la solution de blanchiment. Nous avons observe que le recyclage du peroxyde d'hydrogene dans la liqueur usee n'avait pas d'effet sur la rendement du processus de blanchiment. Quand le systeme par deplacement fonctionne dans des conditions optimales, il est possible d'obtenir le meme degre de blancheur qu'avec le processus conventionnel, mais avec une consommation plus faible de H 2 0 2 .
Dental Diseases in Japanese Skeletal Remains

Since the later Jomon period, frequency of tooth to denture base discrepancy has increased from 8.9% to 63.1%. In other words, the reduction of human dentition progressed substantially through the last two millennia. Consequently, it might be certain that the marked alteration occurred also in the frequency and the specificity of dental diseases and disorders through the same period.The present paper is dealing with the incidence and extent of dental diseases observed in Japanese skeletal remains from the Kamakura era as part of a project for studying the reduction of human dentition.The materials are 86 maxillae and 55 mandibles with permanent or mixed dentitions selected from Japanese skulls from the Kamakura era.After careful examination of dental caries and other related disorders, consideration was taken into the relation between these disorders and the discrepancy. The final conclusion was that the discrepancy was not so dominant in the Kamakura era as in the modern age, but it seemed firmly to exist and to have a pathogenetic influence for dental caries.