Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resectability of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors Using Endoscopic Mucosal Resection with a Ligation Band Device and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Background Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) < 10 mm in diameter, limited to the submucosa without local or distant metastasis, can be treated endoscopically. Endoscopic mucosal resection with a ligation band device (EMR-L) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have been employed to resect rectal NETs. We evaluated and compared the clinical outcomes of EMR-L and ESD for endoscopic resection of rectal NETs G1 < 10 mm in diameter. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 82 rectal NETs in 82 patients who underwent either EMR-L or ESD. Therapeutic outcomes (en bloc resection and complete resection rates), procedure time, and procedure-related adverse events were evaluated. Additionally, we measured the distance of the lateral and vertical margins from the border of the tumor in pathologic specimens and compared the resectability between EMR-L and ESD. Results Sixty-six lesions were treated using EMR-L and 16 using ESD. En bloc resection was achieved in all patients. The complete resection rate with EMR-L was significantly higher than that with ESD (95.5% vs.75.0%, p = 0.025). The prevalence of vertical margin involvement was significantly higher in the ESD group than in the EMR-L group (12.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.036), and ESD was more time consuming than EMR-L (24.21 ± 12.18 vs. 7.05 ± 4.53 min, p < 0.001). The lateral and vertical margins were more distant in the EMR-L group than in the ESD group (lateral margin distance, 1661 ± 849 vs. 1514 ± 948 μm; vertical margin distance, 277 ± 308 vs. 202 ± 171 μm). Conclusions EMR-L is more favorable for small rectal NETs with respect to therapeutic outcomes, procedure time, and technical difficulties. Additionally, EMR-L enables achievement of sufficient vertical margin distances.
02 13 1 v 2 4 M ar 2 00 4 A Generic Security Proof for Quantum Key Distribution

Quantum key distribution allows two parties, traditionally known as Alice and Bob, to establish a secure random cryptographic key if, firstly, they have access to a quantum communication channel, and secondly, they can exchange classical public messages which can be monitored but not altered by an eavesdropper, Eve. Quantum key distribution provides perfect security because, unlike its classical counterpart, it relies on the laws of physics rather than on ensuring that successful eavesdropping would require excessive computational effort. However, security proofs of quantum key distribution are not trivial and are usually restricted in their applicability to specific protocols. In contrast, we present a general and conceptually simple proof which can be applied to a number of different protocols. It relies on the fact that a cryptographic procedure called privacy amplification is equally secure when an adversary’s memory for data storage is quantum rather than classical [1].
ADULT ELBOW PROBLEMS ( iii ) Elbow instability , mechanism and management *

0268-0890/$ see front matter a 200 doi:10.1016/j.cuor. 2008.04. 007 Summary Acute dislocations of the elbow without significant fracture are classified as simple. In all cases the medial and lateral ligaments are avulsed, usually as an osteo-periosteal sleeve. The majority are stable on reduction and immediate active mobilisation is encouraged. The incidence of recurrent dislocation and instability is very low. Acute dislocations associated with significant fractures are classified as complex. The most common associated fractures are of the radial head or coronoid process, and if both fractures are present this is termed the ‘‘terrible triad’’. The principle of management is reduction of the joint, anatomical fixation of the fracture fragments, with repair or reconstruction of ligaments if indicated. If the elbow remains unstable, or if fracture or fixation or ligament repair is tenuous, then the use of a hinged external fixator is recommended. The most common type of chronic instability is postero-lateral rotatory instability, which is related primarily to incompetence of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. Conservative treatment is rarely successful and most require a reconstruction of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament with a graft. Medial instability is predominantly seen in throwing athletes with chronic stretch of the medial ligament that interferes with throwing capacity. If conservative management fails then the anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament can be reconstructed with a tendon graft. a 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bioprospecting of endophytic bacteria (Bacillus spp.) from passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa) for plant growth promotion

Endophytic bacteria has been reported as plant growth promoters in various cultivated and uncultivated plants. Thus, the objective onf this study was to evaluate the potential of 21 endophytic bacterial isolated from leaves of passionfruit plants (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa). In vitro antagonism, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, gibberellins, cytokines and phosphate solubilization were also tested. In vitro antagonism was investigated using volatile metabolites detection by means of the overlapping dishes technique and direct confrontation. The production of IAA was evaluated by means of the colorimetric method with the absorbance reading of the optical density at O.D. (550nm). The phosphate solubilization was measured in a qualitative method by reading the solubilization halo diameter and the quantitative evaluation in liquid medium and reading of O.D. (450 nm). All bacterial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Phytophthora sp. in both methods with values ranging from 50% to >90% inhibition (Skott-Knott, p ≤0 0.05). All the tested endophytic bacteria were also able to produce plant hormones. The phosphate solubilization was more than mean of the liquid medium. Thus, the studied endophytic bacterial isolates are suggested as potential plant growth promoters.
Cold bias of ERA 5 summertime daily maximum land 2 surface temperature over Iberian Peninsula 3

11 Abstract: Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable in surface-atmosphere energy and water 12 exchanges. The main goals of this study are to (i) evaluate the LST of the European Centre for 13 Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses over Iberian 14 Peninsula using the Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF) product and 15 to (ii) understand the main drivers of the LST errors in the reanalysis. Simulations with the ECMWF 16 land-surface model in offline mode (uncoupled) were carried out over the Iberian Peninsula and 17 compared with the reanalysis data. Several sensitivity simulations were performed in a confined 18 domain centered in Southern Portugal to investigate potential sources of the LST errors. The 19 Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) fraction of green vegetation cover (FCover) and the 20 European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) Land Cover dataset were explored. 21 We found a general underestimation of daytime LST and slightly overestimation at night-time. The 22 results indicate that there is still room for improvement in the simulation of LST in ECMWF 23 products. Still, ERA5 presents an overall higher quality product in relation to ERA-Interim. Our 24 analysis suggested a relation between the large daytime cold bias and vegetation cover differences 25 between (ERA5 and CGLS FCocver) with a correlation of -0.45. The replacement of the low and high 26 vegetation cover by those of ESA-CCI provided an overall reduction of the large Tmax biases during 27 summer. The increased vertical resolution of the soil at the surface, has a positive impact, but much 28 smaller when compared with the vegetation changes. The sensitivity of the vegetation density 29 parameter, that currently depends on the vegetation type, provided further proof for a needed 30 revision of the vegetation in the model, as there is a reasonable correlation between this parameter 31 and the Tmax mean errors when using the ESA-CCI vegetation cover (while the same correlation 32 cannot be reproduced with the original model vegetation). Our results support the hypothesis that 33 vegetation cover is one of the main drivers of the LST summertime cold bias in ERA5 over Iberian 34 Peninsula. 35
Drone-Borne Hyperspectral and Magnetic Data Integration : Otanmäki Fe-TiV Deposit in Finland

The technical evolution of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for mineral exploration advances rapidly. Recent sensor developments and improved UAS performance open new fields for research and applications in geological and geophysical exploration among others. In this study, we introduce an integrated acquisition and processing strategy for drone-borne multi-sensor surveys combining optical remote sensing and magnetic data. We deploy both fixed-wing and multicopter UAS to characterize an outcrop of the Otanmäki Fe-Ti-V deposit in central Finland. The lithology consists mainly of gabbro intrusions hosting ore bodies of magnetite-ilmenite. Large areas of the outcrop are covered by lichen and low vegetation. We use two drone-borne multiand hyperspectral cameras operating in the visible to near-infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum to identify dominant geological features and the extents of ore bodies via iron-indicating proxy minerals. We apply band ratios and unsupervised and supervised image classifications on the spectral data, from which we can map surficial iron-bearing zones. We use two setups with three-axis fluxgate magnetometers deployed both by a fixed-wing and a multi-copter UAS to measure the magnetic field at various flight altitudes (15 m, 40 m, 65 m). The total magnetic intensity (TMI) computed from the individual components is used for further interpretation of ore distribution. We compare to traditional magnetic ground-based survey data to evaluate the UAS-based results. The measured anomalies and spectral data are validated and assigned to the outcropping geology and ore mineralization by performing surface spectroscopy, portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), magnetic susceptibility, and traditional geologic mapping. Locations of mineral zones and magnetic anomalies correlate with the established geologic map. The integrated survey strategy allowed a straightforward mapping of ore occurrences. We highlight the efficiency, spatial resolution, and reliability of UAS surveys. Acquisition time of magnetic UAS surveying surpassed ground surveying by a factor of 20 with a comparable resolution. The proposed workflow possibly facilitates surveying, particularly in areas with complicated terrain and of limited accessibility, but highlights the remaining challenges in UAS mapping.
Phosphorylation of receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase x on Tyr 789 , a binding site for the SH 3-SH 2-SH 3 adaptor protein GRB2 in vivo

Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase a (RPTPa) is a transmembrane protein with a short extracellular domain (123 amino acids) and two cytoplasmically localized protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domains. Here we report that RPTPa is constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. The in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation site was localized to the C-terminus of RPTPa by phosphopeptide mapping experiments using in vivo and in vitro 32P-labeled RPTPa. The identity of this site as Tyr789, located five residues from the C-terminus, was confirmed by sitedirected mutagenesis. Transient overexpression of c-Src together with RPTPa in human embryonic kidney 293 cells increased phosphorylation of Tyr789, suggesting that c-Src may phosphorylate RPTPct in vivo. RPTPa had autodephosphorylation activity in vitro. When expressed in 293 cells the level of Tyr789 phosphorylation was higher in a non-functional mutant of RPTPa than in wild type RPTPa, indicating that RPTPa may have autodephosphorylation activity in vivo as well. The sequence on the C-terminal side of Tyr789 (YANF) fits the consensus binding site for the SH3-SH2-SH3 adaptor protein GRB2 (YXNX). We show that RPTPa, but not a mutant of RPTPa with a Tyr-*Phe mutation at position 789, bound to GRB2 in vitro. In addition, RPTPa co-immunoprecipitated with GRB2 from NIH 3T3 cells, demonstrating that GRB2 bound to RPTPa in vivo. The guanine nucleotide releasing factor for the Ras GTPase, Son of sevenless (Sos), which associates with GRB2 via its SH3 domains, was not detected in RPTPa immunoprecipitates. Our results suggest a role for RPTPa in attenuation of GRB2-mediated signaling.
Mergers and Acquisitions of the Financial Institutions: Factors Affecting the Employee Turnover Intention

A prudent analysis of the factors affecting turnover intention of the employees after mergers and acquisitions should guide the managers to prevent the fallout of employees during such complex process; the primary objective of this study is to identify those factors that influence turnover intention of the employees. Drawing from the previous studies, a conceptual framework was developed that took into account pre-merger organizational identification, procedural justice, utility with the merger, non-monetary benefits, monetary benefits, trust with merger and adequate authority delegation as variables that influence post-merger organizational identification and satisfaction with the merger. The results illustrate that pre-merger organization identification, utility with the merger, and trust with merger significantly predicted the post-merger organization identification, whereas only trust with merger significantly predicted the satisfaction with the merger. Furthermore, the study elucidates that the post-merger organizational identification could prevent the turnover intention among the employees. The findings of the study unravel sentiments of the employees during the consolidation process and provide the practitioners and the policy-makers with a base to develop an effective strategy to prevent turnover of employees during the mergers and acquisitions.
OPPORTUNISTIC RADIO FOR MULTI-CHANNEL USAGE IN WLAN AD HOC NETWORKS

This paper proposes an implementation of opportunistic radio for multi-channel usage in the IEEE 802.11-based ad hoc networks. Terminals in mobile ad hoc networks have to organize and manage the network since there is no base station to act as the central control unit. For this reason, terminals in current WLAN ad hoc networks employ the approach of “listen before talk” which means that once the network is set up, only one channel can be observed and used throughout. A great deal of work has been done to develop methods to allow the usage of multiple channels since there are three non-overlapping channels for 802.11b/g and twelve non-overlapping channels for 802.11a. However, these approaches mostly focus on the modification of MAC protocol to support the multi-channel usage. In this work, the proposed method employs a physical spectrum sensing, which is one of the opportunistic radio functionalities, to determine resource availability and make decision accordingly. The simulation results are provided to illustrate the potential benefits of the proposed approach in terms of system performance in comparison with the current WLAN ad hoc networks as well as with the multi-channel MAC approaches.
Computational Thinking Unplugged: Comparing the Impact on Confidence and Competence from Analog and Digital Resources in Computer Science Professional Development for Elementary Teachers

The demand for computer science instruction is increasing across the K-12 spectrum, but in many cases elementary teachers are ill prepared to teach the subject. Based on prior research showing a preference for analog interfaces, this study compared the impact of analog and digital interface modalities on teachers’ confidence and competence gains in professional development on computational thinking conceived within the framework of cognitive acceleration. The analog group used the Robot Turtles board game and the digital group used the Scratch Jr. app on iPads while receiving the same professional development content. A single-case experimental design approach with a multiple-baseline approach to establish control and appropriate randomization techniques was used to allow for generalization of findings and identification of a functional relationship. Teachers were assessed using the Elementary Teacher Computer Programming Self-Efficacy Scale for confidence and the Computational Thinking Test for competence. The results indicated a significant and higher effect size on confidence for the analog cases as compared to the digital. Visual analysis confirmed these findings and provided emerging support for a functional relationship. Recommendations for modifications to current professional development, classroom instruction, and policy making practices to adopt an analog-first approach to computer science based on the foundational concepts of computational thinking were identified based on these findings. Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Education First Supervisor Guillermo Montes Second Supervisor Bernard Ricca Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/374 Computational Thinking Unplugged: Comparing the Impact on Confidence and Competence from Analog and Digital Resources in Computer Science Professional Development for Elementary Teachers
Investigating the Use of Stance Markers in Egyptian and American MA Theses : A Corpus-Based Study

iii LIST OF TABLES.iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.1 Background . 1 Purpose of the Study . 2 Research Questions . 3 Definitions.3 Theoretical Definitions of Constructs.3 Operational Definitions of Constructs.5 Definitions of Variables.6 Delimitations of the Study . 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW.8 Genre Analysis . 8 Stance in Academic Discourse . 10 Self-mention.12 Passive Voice.13 Anticipatory “it” and Evaluative “that” . 14 Stance across Disciplines.16 Stance across Cultures.17
Ultrasonographic Findings in Children with Dengue Fever-Correlation with Clinical Findings and Investigations : A Study in Dhaka Shishu ( Children ) Hospital , Dhaka , Bangladesh

Original Research Article Introduction: Dengue fever is one of the most important emerging vector-borne viral diseases. There are four serotypes of dengue viruses, each of which is capable of causing self-limiting dengue fever or even life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Objective: To find out Ultrasonographic findings in children with dengue fever-correlation with clinical findings and investigations. Material and Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and sonographic findings of dengue fever. This cross sectional observational study included 200 serologically confirmed children with dengue fever admitted in the year 2018. The participants were clinically and serologically evaluated against NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG antibody. These patients also underwent USG abdomen and chest within the first week of the illness. Results: Out of the 200 confirmed dengue cases, 106(53%) cases were males and the remaining 94 (47%) were females. The most common age group was school going children (42%) and adolescents (36%). All the cases had fever (100%). Other features were vomiting in 72%, abdominal pain in 46 %, 67cases (21.5%) had hepatomegaly in 33.5%, hypotension and shock in 23.5%, bradycardia in 13%, and rashes in 10.5%. Investigations revealed thrombocytopenia in 97%, hemoconcentration in 94.5%, leucopenia (< 4000/mm 3 ) in 63% and raised liver enzymes in 43.5%. The Ultrasonographic findings were hepatomegaly in 38 cases (19%), gall bladder wall thickening in 190(95%) and splenomegaly in 20(10%) of cases. Pleural effusion was noticed in 170 (85%) and 160 cases (80%) had ascites. All the 4 cases who expired had shock and ARDS. Conclusion: It is concluded that dengue fever should be suspected among children in endemic areas like Bangladesh when they present with fever, vomiting, myalgia, low platelet count with elevated liver enzymes in endemic areas like Bangladesh.
The First Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Special Butterbur Root Extract for the Prevention of Migraine : Reanalysis of Efficacy Criteria

This is an independent reanalysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled parallel-group study on the efficacy and tolerability of a special butterbur root extract (Petadolex®) for the prophylaxis of migraine. The original protocol and analysis had a number of major shortcomings. In order to follow regulatory requirements, an independent reanalysis of the original data was performed. Following a 4-week baseline phase, 33 patients were randomised to treatment with two capsules 25 mg butterbur twice a day and 27 to placebo. The mean attack frequency per month decreased from 3.4 at baseline to 1.8 after 3 months (p = 0.0024) in the verum group and from 2.9 to 2.6 in the placebo group (n.s.). The responder rate (improvement of migraine frequency 650%) was 45% in the verum group and 15% in the placebo group. Butterbur was well tolerated. This small trial indicates that butterbur may be effective in the prophylaxis of migraine. Copyright © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel Introduction Between 1993 and 1995, an investigator-driven, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of a special butterbur root extract for the prophylaxis of migraine was performed and published [1]. The protocol, primary study report and the publication of this study had a number of major shortcomings. For example, the final study report and the publication did not contain appropriate information on baseline characteristics and medication for the treatment of acute migraine attacks during the study. Although statistical analyses were carried out, the primary sample for evaluation was the per-protocol population only, and not the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Tests for significance were one-sided with · = 0.05. Efficacy parameters were not defined precisely and a priori in the protocol. The t test used was not appropriate for the type of data set. Apparent baseline differences were not considered as a covariate in the primary analysis of efficacy. No comments or adjustments were made with regard to multiple testing. Therefore, and to assure the confirmatory character of the study for regulatory purposes, an independent investigator and an independent third-party statistical institute were commissioned to prepare a complete re-evaluation of the efficacy data under the requirements of the current
Ultrasonic characterization of 3-D thermal turbulence confined by moderate aspect ratio box

Ultrasonic velocity profiling was performed in a square Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) cell confined by a moderate aspect ratio box using water as working fluid. Rayleigh number, Ra, was in a range from 8.810 to 1.310 and the regime of thermal turbulence were expected. Spectra of velocity were calculated to capture transition of spatiotemporal characteristics. Velocity maps show that cellular flow vanishes, and instead large scale flow arises from coalescence of transient plumes and drifts in a direction at Ra = 2.4×10. As reached Ra = 1.3×10, this large scale flow is divided to several pieces and their arrangement change temporally. Spectra also represent modification of shapes by the transition. The energy spectrum obtained at Ra = 8.8×10 has a clear gap of energy between large and small scales of flow unlike that the others have simple decrease of the energy from large to small scales. The power spectrum obtained at Ra = 1.3×10 shows a clear peak at much lower frequency in addition to oscillations corresponding to behaviors of local structures. This represents the temporal characteristic of 3-D motions in large scale flow and it may be considered to be unique to RB convection confined by a moderate aspect ratio box.