Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 MAP kinase-dependent degradation of p 27 Kip 1 by calpains in choroidal melanoma cells : requirement of p 27 Kip 1 nuclear export

We investigated the status and the regulation of the CDK inhibitor p27 in a choroidal melanoma tumour derived cell line (OCM-1). By contrast to normal choroidal melanocytes, the expression level of p27 was low in these cells and the MAP kinase pathway was constitutively activated. Genetic or chemical inhibition of this pathway induced p27 accumulation, while MAP kinase reactivation triggered a down-regulation of p27 that could be partially reversed by calpain inhibitors. In good accordance, ectopic expression of the cellular calpain inhibitor calpastatin led to an increase of endogenous p27 expression. In vitro, p27 was degraded by calpains, and OCM-1 cell extracts contained a calciumdependent p27 degradation activity . MAP kinase inhibition partially inhibited both calpain activity and calcium-dependent p27 degradation by cellular extracts. Immunofluorescence labelling and subcellular fractionation revealed that p27 was in part localized in the cytoplasmic compartment of OCM-1 cells but not of melanocytes, and accumulated into the nucleus upon MAP kinase inhibition. MAP kinase activation triggered a cytoplasmic translocation of the protein, as well as a change in its phosphorylation status. This CRM-1dependent cytoplasmic translocation was necessary for MAP kinaseand calpain-dependent degradation. Taken together, these data suggest that in tumour derived cells, p27 could be degraded by calpains through a MAP kinase-dependent process, and that abnormal cytoplasmic localization of the protein, probably linked to modifications of its phosphorylation state, could be involved into this alternative mechanism of degradation. by gest on Sptem er 1, 2017 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from
Marketing Models in Education: Students as Customers, Products, or Partners

Without the resource support of the taxpayers and the faith and support of citizens and parents, American public universities as we know them today would not exist. A customer orientation recognizes the student as customer and ignores the multiple stakeholders (parents, alumni, government, and business) of higher education. This paper looks at the increasing popular paradigm of students as customers of higher education and examines its implications. Another model that includes a variety of stakeholders is examined, and how modern marketing thought might be applied to pedagogical paradigms and educational institutions.
When Firms and Industries Matter: Understanding the Sources of Productivity Growth

This paper presents a framework to assess the relative importance of three key sources of productivity growth that research on international trade focuses on: (i) inter-industry specialisation; (ii) intra-industry reallocation of resources across heterogeneous firms, including firm entry and exit; and (iii) technological progress. Detailed data on Swiss manufacturing firms illustrate how the framework can be empirically applied. Based on this example, we find that intra-industry reallocations are the most important source of growth in aggregate total factor productivity, reflecting in particular the productivity growth of large, incumbent firms and the entry of new firms. That said, inter-industry specialisation and general technological progress remain important supplementary sources of growth in Swiss manufacturing.
Short- and long-term survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

BACKGROUND The objective was to evaluate the effect of patient characteristics and other factors on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) survival, hospital discharge survival and function, and long-term survival. METHODS All patients 18 years and older experiencing in-hospital CPR from December 1983 through November 1991 at Marshfield Medical Center (Marshfield Clinic and adjoining St Joseph's Hospital), Marshfield, Wis, were selected. We performed a retrospective medical record review and augmented these data with updated vital status information. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiopulmonary resuscitation survival, hospital discharge survival and function, and long-term survival. RESULTS Of 948 admissions during which CPR was performed, 61.2% of patients survived the arrest and 32.2% survived to hospital discharge. Mechanism of arrest was the most important variable associated with hospital discharge. Patients with pulseless electrical activity had the worst chance of hospital discharge, followed by those with asystole and bradycardia. Follow-up information was available for 298 patients who survived to discharge. One year after hospital discharge, 24.5% of patients, regardless of age, had died. Survival was 18.5% at 7 years in those 70 years or older, compared with 45.4% in those aged 18 to 69 years. Heart rhythm at the time of arrest strongly influenced long-term survival. Bradyarrhythmias produced a nearly 2-fold increased mortality risk compared with normal sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS Survival until hospital discharge after CPR at our institution during an 8-year period was higher than previously reported for other institutions. Long-term survival after discharge was equal to or higher than reported estimates from other institutions. Hospital admission practices and selection of patients receiving CPR may account for these findings.
The role of the audit committee and institutional investors in constraining earnings management : evidence from Chinese firms listed in Hong Kong

Using data from 2004 to 2008, we find that an audit committee is an important monitoring mechanism as audit committee independence, expertise and size are associated with reduced levels of abnormal accruals, our measure of earnings management. This study also attempts to discern when the monitoring role of the audit committee is more salient for the firm. We find that ownership concentration and the presence of government officials on the audit committee are important determinants of the negative association between audit committee characteristics and earnings management. In contrast, we find no significant associations between the audit committee and abnormal accruals for Chinese firms listed only on the Chinese domestic Stock Exchanges. The paper contributes to the corporate governance literature in a transitional economy. Identifying the role of audit committees of firms listed on markets other than the domicile market demonstrates the importance of considering the institutional setting in governance research.
Path integration in desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis.

Foraging desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, continually keep track of their own posotions relative to home- i.e., integrate their tortuous outbound routes and return home along straight (inbound) routes. By experimentally manipulating the ants' outbound trajectories we show that the ants solve this path integration problem not by performing a true vector summation (as a human navigator does) but by employing a computationally simple approximation. This approximation is characterized by small, but systematic, navigational errors that helped us elucidate the ant's way of computing its mean home vector.
Market Value of Banking Relationships: New Evidence from the Financial Crisis of 2008

I use the financial crisis of 2008 as a natural experiment to identify the value of non-financial firms’ stake in the banking system. Unrated firms underperform investment grade rated firms when Lehman Brothers fails, and overperform when the Treasury injects capital into the nine largest US banks. These differences are economically significant, around 1.5% in daily returns, and do not appear to be borne out of risk or the creditworthiness of the firm. Lenders’ financial health - proxied by their capital ratios, deposits, and mortgage exposure - is also related to the borrowers’ stock performance. Longer relationships and broader syndication benefit the borrowers, but greater reliance on credit lines hurt them. The findings highlight the interconnectedness of the banking system and the relevance of the "bank lending channel" even for large public corporations.
Comparison of percutaneous acetic acid injection and percutaneous ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) and percutaneous acetic acid injection (PAI) are effective in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a prospective study to compare the therapeutic efficacy of both these methods. METHODS Sixty-three patients were treated by PAI using 50% acetic acid and 62 by PEI using pure ethanol. There were no significant baseline differences in age, sex, Child-Pugh class, tumour size and number, or other clinico-biochemical parameters between the two groups. RESULTS During a follow-up period of 24 +/- 9 (range 6-38) months, 19 (30%) of the PAI group and 21 (34%) of the PEI group died (P = 0.704). The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 84% and 51% for the PAI group and 81% and 46% for the PEI group (P = 0.651). The corresponding tumour recurrence rates were 51% and 74% for the PAI group, and 54% and 64% for the PEI group (P = 0.787). The treatment sessions were 3.9 +/- 1.6 and 6.2 +/- 2.3 for the PAI and PEI groups, respectively, in each treatment cycle (P = 0.008). A multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model revealed that ascites (relative risk (RR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-6.3, P = 0.002), large (>3 cm) or multinodular HCCs (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.4, P = 0.04), and development of tumour recurrence (RR 7.0, 95% CI 3.1-16.0, P < 0.001) were independent, poor prognostic factors in both groups. CONCLUSIONS PAI and PEI are equally effective in the treatment of HCC. PAI has the advantage of fewer treatment sessions in each treatment course. Careful pretreatment patient selection may improve survival.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, FREE CASH FLOW DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN UTANG (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN-PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI)

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of managerial ownership structure, free cash flow and the size of the company's corporate debt policy and the Basic Industrial Chemicals listed in the Stock Exchange. The population in this study is a basic chemical sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the last three years, is from the years 2009- 2011, by 43 companies, using purposive sampling and the sampling results obtained 37 sample firms. The variables in this study there are two independent variables consisting of managerial ownership and free cash flow and firm size. The dependent variable is the debt policy. It means that the higher the level of managerial ownership of a company, the lower the ratio of debt to equity. Free Flow Positive Cash effects of debt policy (debt to equity ratio) at a significance level of 5%. It means that the greater the value of the free cash flow value higher than the ratio of debt to equity and vice versa. The positive effect of firm size variable debt policy (debt to equity ratio) at 95% confidence level. This shows that the larger the size of the company it would be a higher value than the debt-to-equity ratio (DER). Managerial ownership, free cash flow, and the size of company policies simultaneously significant effect of debt (debt-to-equity ratio) at 95% confidence level. Keywords: debt policy, managerial ownership and free cash flow, the size of the
An investigation into the relationship between producer, wholesale and retail prices of Greek agriculture products

In this paper price relationships and patterns of price transmission among farm, wholesale and retail levels are analyzed for potato, tomato, orange and milk markets in Greece. Lag length, direction of causality, and asymmetric relationships are empirically verified. The analysis is performed using the co-integration approach introduced by von Cramon-Taubadel (1998), on monthly price data for the period 1995-2003. The results indicate that a long-run relationship exists between each pair of producer and retail prices for all products. The direction of Grangercausality runs from retail to producer prices for all products except oranges and milk where it runs from producers to retailers. Perfect price transmission between farmers and retailers is accepted in the case of potato and tomato. The results support the hypothesis of asymmetric price transmission between farm and retail levels for all products. In contrast, symmetric price transmission between farm and wholesale levels exists for all products. Especially, for potato, asymmetric price transmission was found between the two marketing levels. The empirical results indicate that the inclusion of the wholesale level in the marketing chain plays an important role in the analysis of price transmission.
Violence before pregnancy and the risk of violence during pregnancy

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationships among different forms of violence before and during pregnancy. Material and methods: An anonymous questionnaire (adapted NorAQ) was given to 1269 women after childbirth. Results: The response rate was 80% (n=1018). Different forms of violence were experienced by 46.9% of the women; 9.2% reported violence in pregnancy. Suffering from the consequences of violence was reported by 43.8% of the women; sexual (76.6%) and psychological (54.1%) ranked the highest. Past experience of any form of violence increased the risk of violence in pregnancy, violences experienced in adulthood even more than that in childhood [odds ratio (OR) 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–6.5 vs. OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.9]. The onset of violence during pregnancy is rare. Violence was most frequently exerted by the intimate partner. Conclusion: Healthcare systems have access to most women of reproductive age, thus they have the unique opportunity to identify and adequately manage violence against women and its consequences.
Quasi-Ties

Research on social capital has found that individuals who access resources through social relations gain competitive advantage and systems with high levels or desirable distributions of social capital are more effective. These effects depend on actors allocating resources to others in their social system at-large instead of to others with whom they share specific social relationships. It is hypothesized that actors who identify with others in a social system as a collective are more likely to allocate resources uniformly throughout the system. Thus, identification with the collective can serve as a quasi-tie, directing the allocation of resources, but not defined by specific social relations. Findings from a longitudinal, multilevel network study of teachers' use of computers support multiple theories of resource allocation and, in particular, confirm that teachers who identify with the collectives of their schools are less likely to favor close colleagues and close colleagues of close colleagues, in their provision of help.
Second language learners' motivation and their perceptions of teachers' motivation

International students learning English as a second language in Australia were studied to find how their perception of teachers’ level of commitment to teach them English affects their own motivation to study English. A questionnaire survey was administered on the learners at three different levels of proficiency to also identify the relationship between the levels of study and the learners’ perception of teacher as a factor affecting the learners’ motivation. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the learners’ motivation and their perception of teachers’ commitment to teach, and the intermediate level is the most problematic stage in English study in terms of motivation. The results also found that the level of study is a factor which affects the learners’ perception of teacher factors which most strongly influence the learners’ motivation. These findings support the general claim that language teachers are one of the most important factors influencing learners’ motivation, but the learners’ level of proficiency may be a factor that needs to be taken into consideration for a further discussion regarding the validity of a certain teaching strategy to motivate second language learners.
Is Today the Post-Crisis Time for the Banking System of Ukraine?

This paper has examined the features of the functioning of the Ukrainian banks during the time of the global financial crisis and the post-crisis time. The main causes of the crisis in the banking system of Ukraine were the decline of the exports and a loss of significant part of foreign exchange earnings, significant portfolios of loans in foreign currencies, bank runs. The deepening of the crisis was caused by the increase of the NPLs part more than 10% of the loan portfolio. Today, the baking system of Ukraine is still in a difficult position, but the main problems are the devaluation of national currency and the lack of liquidity.
Pattern of Missing Tooth with Prosthetic Status among Patients Attending To Dental School

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence, pattern of tooth loss and different prosthetic rehabilitations among Sulaimani adults population. Methods: This cross-sectional prospective community-based study conducted among patients attending to Dental School, Faculty of Medical Sciences/University of Sulaimani from January 2015 to May 2015, a sample of 891 patients, age group of 18 years and above is considered. The subjects were interviewed with a structured questionnaire regarding age, sex and dental visiting patterns and then clinically examined by a single examiner for number and type of missing teeth with presence or absence of any prosthesis. Data were collected through specialized proforma and analysis is carried out and those variables which show statistical significance association between loss of teeth and selected variables are studied using Chi square test. Results: Out of total patients, 408 (45.8 %) were males and 483(54.2 %) were females. First molarwas the most commonly missing tooth forming %36.16 of missing teeth of both arches while caninebeing the least one with %3.98. In the present study among patients attending to dental school, 80.9% for upper jaw and 86.1% for lower jaw, there is no any prosthetic replacement of missing tooth or teeth. Conclusion: The current study shows the base line data to depict the frequency and pattern of missing teeth with prosthetic demand.
Some Descriptions Of The Envelopes Of Holomorphy Of Domains in Cn

It is well known that there exist domains Ω in C, n ≥ 2, such that all holomorphic functions in Ω continue analytically beyond the boundary. We wish to study this remarkable phenomenon. The first chapter seeks to motivate this theme by offering some well-known extension results on domains in C having many symmetries. One important result, in this regard, is Hartogs’ theorem on the extension of functions holomorphic in a certain neighbourhood of (D×{0})∪ (∂D×D), D being the open unit disc in C. To understand the nature of analytic continuation in greater detail, in Chapter 2, we make rigorous the notions of ‘extensions’ and ‘envelopes of holomorphy’ of a domain. For this, we use methods similar to those used in univariate complex analysis to construct the natural domains of definitions of functions like the logarithm. Further, to comprehend the geometry of these abstractly-defined extensions, we again try to deal with some explicit domains in C; but this time we allow our domains to have fewer symmetries. The subject of Chapter 3 is a folk result generalizing Hartogs’ theorem to the extension of functions holomorphic in a neighbourhood of S ∪ (∂D × D), where S is the graph of a D-valued function Φ, continuous in D and holomorphic in D. This problem can be posed in higher dimensions and we give its proof in this generality. In Chapter 4, we study Chirka and Rosay’s proof of Chirka’s generalization (in C) of the above-mentioned result. Here, Φ is merely a continuous function from D to itself. Chapter 5 — a departure from our theme of Hartogs-Chirka type of configurations — is a summary of the key ideas behind a ‘non-standard’ proof of the so-called Hartogs phenomenon (i.e., holomorphic functions in any connected neighbourhood of the boundary of a domain Ω b C, n ≥ 2, extend to the whole of Ω). This proof, given by Merker and Porten, uses tools from Morse theory to tame the boundary geometry of Ω, hence making it possible to use analytic discs to achieve analytic continuation locally. We return to Chirka’s extension theorem, but this time in higher dimensions, in Chapter 6. We see one possible generalization (by Bharali) of this result involving Φ ∈ A, where A is a subclass of C(D;D), n ≥ 2. Finally, in Chapter 7, we consider Hartogs-Chirka type configurations involving graphs of multifunctions given by “Weierstrass pseudopolynomials”. We will consider pseudopolynomials with coefficients belonging to two different subclasses of C(D;C), and show that functions holomorphic around these new configurations extend holomorphically to D.
Using intuition in fuzzy front-end decision-making: : A conceptual framework

The goal of decision-making during the execution of the fuzzy front end (FFE) is to develop a creative new product concept. Although intuitive decision-making has been found to increase new product creativity, the theoretical knowledge base as to why and under which conditions intuition use during the process of generating a creative outcome is beneficial, is rather limited. Therefore, this study develops a conceptual framework theorizing why and under which conditions using intuition in FFE execution decision-making may or may not be (as) beneficial for new product concept creativity. To develop this framework, the authors combine a creativity perspective of the FFE and a dual-processing perspective of intuition. Interviews with eight FFE practitioners are used to support and illustrate the framework development. The theorizing leads the authors to postulate that intuition use may be beneficial to making generation and evaluation decisions during FFE execution because of the capabilities of the unconscious mind from which intuition results. However, the framework acknowledges that, due to the shortcomings of the unconscious mind, intuition may not be as beneficial to FFE decision-making in some situations. The authors believe that this framework offers researchers a fertile area for further research and practitioners better insight into when intuition might be effective in FFE execution decision-making.
The Spillover Effects of Hurricane Katrina on Corporate Bonds and the Choice Between Bank and Bond Financing

Abstract We use an exogenous event, namely, the spillover effects of Hurricane Katrina on corporate bonds through the liquidation of bond holdings by insurance companies, to study how companies react to temporary changes in the relative availability of bond and bank financing. We find that the negative shock on bonds induces firms to shift from bond financing to bank-based borrowing and to shorten the debt maturity. This shift in debt policy does not revert in the long term. There is no significant change in capital structure, suggesting that the substitution from bonds to bank loans is sufficient for the amount of borrowing.