Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperactive Child Syndrome and Estimated Life Expectancy at Young Adult Follow-Up: The Role of ADHD Persistence and Other Potential Predictors

Objective: We examined if ADHD Combined Type or Presentation (ADHD-C) reduced estimated life expectancy (ELE) at young adulthood and if the persistence of ADHD to adulthood further adversely affected ELE. Method: A young adult follow-up of 131 hyperactive and 71 control cases was used to derive 14 variables that were entered into a life expectancy calculator to generate ELE scores. Both ratings of executive function (EF) in everyday life and tests of EF and IQ were measured along with comorbid psychopathologies. Results: Childhood ADHD-C was associated with a 9.5-year reduction in healthy ELE, and a 8.4-year reduction in total ELE relative to control children by adulthood. The persistence of ADHD to adulthood was linked to a 12.7-year reduction in ELE. Several background traits accounted for more than 39% of variation in ELE. Conclusion: Childhood ADHD-C predicts a significantly reduced ELE by adulthood, which is further reduced by the persistence of ADHD to adult follow-up.
Mobile Phone Base Station Tower Settings Adjacent to School Buildings: Impact on Students’ Cognitive Health

The use of mobile phones has remarkably increased and become a basic need of daily life. Increasing subscriptions of mobile phones boost the installation of mobile phone base station towers (MPBSTs) in crowded commercial and residential areas including near school buildings. This study investigated the impact of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation generated by MPBSTs on cognitive functions. Two hundred and seventeen volunteer male students aged between 13 and 16 registered from two different intermediate schools: 124 students were from School 1 and 93 students were from School 2. The MPBSTs were located within 200 m from the school buildings. In School 1, RF-EMF was 2.010 µW/cm2 with a frequency of 925 MHz and in School 2, RF-EMF was 10.021 µW/cm2 with a frequency of 925 MHz. Students were exposed to EMFR for 6 hr a day, 5 days a week for a total period of 2 years. The Narda Safety Test Solution device SRM-3006 was used to measure RF-EMF in both schools, and cognitive functions tasks were measured by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Significant impairment in Motor Screening Task (MOT; p = .03) and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) task (p = .04) was identified among the group of students who were exposed to high RF-EMF produced by MPBSTs. High exposure to RF-EMF produced by MPBSTs was associated with delayed fine and gross motor skills, spatial working memory, and attention in school adolescents compared to students who were exposed to low RF-EMF.
An Electrophysiological Biomarker That May Predict Treatment Response to ECT.

OBJECTIVE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for major depression but also carries risk of cognitive side effects. The ability to predict whether treatment will be effective before initiation of treatment could significantly improve quality of care, reduce suffering, and diminish costs. We sought to carry out a comprehensive and definitive study of the relationship between the background electroencephalography (EEG) and therapeutic response to ECT. METHODS Twenty-one channel resting EEG was collected pre-ECT and 2 to 3 days after ECT course from 2 separate data sets, one to develop an EEG model of therapeutic response (n = 30) and a second to test this model (n = 40). A 3-way principal components analysis was applied and coherence and spectral amplitude across 6 frequency bands were examined. The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS Four patterns of amplitude and coherence along with baseline MADRS score accounted for 85% of the variance in posttreatment course MADRS score in study 1 (R = 0.85, F = 11.7, P < 0.0002) and 53% of the variance in MADRS score in study 2 (R = 0.53, F = 5.5, P < 0.003). Greater pre-ECT course anterior delta coherence accounted for the majority of variance in therapeutic response (study 1: R = 0.44, P = 0.01; study 2: R = 0.16, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a putative electrophysiological biomarker that can predict therapeutic response before a course of ECT. Greater baseline anterior delta coherence is significantly associated with a better subsequent therapeutic response and could be indicative of intact circuitry allowing for improved seizure propagation.
RhoB antibody alters retinal vascularization in models of murine retinopathy

Neovascularization in cancer or retinopathy is driven by pathological changes that foster abnormal sprouting of endothelial cells. Mouse genetic studies indicate that the stress‐induced small GTPase RhoB is dispensable for normal physiology but required for pathogenic angiogenesis. In diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or age‐related wet macular degeneration (AMD), progressive pathologic anatomic changes and ischemia foster neovascularization are characterized by abnormal sprouting of endothelial cells. This process is driven by the angiogenic growth factor VEGF, which induces and supports the formation of new blood vessels. While injectable biologics targeting VEGF have been used to treat these pathological conditions, many patients respond poorly, prompting interest in other types of mechanism‐based therapy. Here we report the preclinical efficacy of a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets RhoB, a signaling molecule that is genetically dispensable for normal physiology but required for pathogenic retinal angiogenesis. In murine models of proliferative retinal angiogenesis or oxygen‐induced retinopathy, administering a monoclonal RhoB antibody (7F7) was sufficient to block neoangiogenesis or avascular pathology, respectively. Our findings offer preclinical proof of concept for antibody targeting of RhoB to limit diabetic retinopathy, ROP or wet AMD and perhaps other diseases of neovasculogenesis such as hemangioma or hemangiosarcoma nonresponsive to existing therapies.
Asynchronous Online Testing of Multiple Hypotheses

We consider the problem of asynchronous online testing, aimed at providing control of the false discovery rate (FDR) during a continual stream of data collection and testing, where each test may be a sequential test that can start and stop at arbitrary times. This setting increasingly characterizes real-world applications in science and industry, where teams of researchers across large organizations may conduct tests of hypotheses in a decentralized manner. The overlap in time and space also tends to induce dependencies among test statistics, a challenge for classical methodology, which either assumes (overly optimistically) independence or (overly pessimistically) arbitrary dependence between test statistics. We present a general framework that addresses both of these issues via a unified computational abstraction that we refer to as "conflict sets. " We show how this framework yields algorithms with formal FDR guarantees under a more intermediate, local notion of dependence. We illustrate our algorithms in simulations by comparing to existing algorithms for online FDR control.
Virus, Vessel, Victory: A Novel Approach to Tumor Killing

Ovarian cancer is intimately dependent on aberrant tumor vasculature. A unique therapeutic approach combining a systemic oncolytic virus with a novel vascular-normalizing agent in ovarian cancer demonstrates the potential to enhance antitumor efficacy through improved delivery of the virus and enhanced infiltration of immune cells into the tumors. See related article by Matuszewska et al., p. 1624
YHp as a highly stable, hyper‐copy, hyper‐expression plasmid constructed using a full 2‐μm circle sequence in cir0 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast episomal plasmid (YEp), containing a partial sequence from a natural 2‐μm plasmid, has been frequently used to induce high levels of gene expression. In this study, we used Japanese sake yeast natural cir0 strain as a host for constructing an entire 2‐μm plasmid with an expression construct using the three‐fragment gap‐repair method without Escherichia coli manipulation. The 2‐μm plasmid contains two long inverted repeats, which is problematic for the amplification by polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, we amplified it by dividing into two fragments, each containing a single repeat together with an overlapping sequence for homologous recombination. TDH3 promoter‐driven yEmRFP (TDH3p‐yEmRFP) and the URA3 were used as a reporter gene and a selection marker, respectively, and inserted at the 3′ end of the RAF1 gene on the 2‐μm plasmid. The three fragments were combined and used for the transformation of sake yeast cir0 ura3‐ strain. The resulting transformant colonies showed a red or purple coloration, which was significantly stronger than that of the cells transformed with YEp‐TDH3p‐yEmRFP. The 2‐μm transformants were cultured in YPD medium and observed by fluorescence microscopy. Almost all cells showed strong fluorescence, suggesting that the plasmid was preserved during nonselective culture conditions. The constructed plasmid maintained a high copy state similar to that of the natural 2‐μm plasmid, and the red fluorescent protein expression was 54 fold compared with the chromosomal integrant. This vector is named YHp, the Yeast Hyper expression plasmid.
Role of Monetary Incentives in the Digital and Physical Inter-Border Labor Flows

Abstract By allowing individuals to engage in remote relationships with foreign employers, online labor markets have the potential to mitigate the inefficiency costs due to the legal barriers and other frictions deterring international physical migration. This study investigates how the supply of foreign labor in digital and physical markets responds differently to monetary incentives. We use a unique data set containing information on digital labor flows from a major global online labor platform in conjunction with data on physical labor flows. We exploit short-term fluctuations in the exchange rate as a source of econometric identification: a depreciation of a country’s currency against the U.S. dollar increases the incentives of its workers to seek digital and physical employment from employers based in the United States. Using a panel count data model, we find that monetary incentives induced by depreciations of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar are positively associated with the supply of foreign labor in digital markets, as expected from the frictionless nature of electronic markets. However, we fail to find a positive relationship between monetary incentives and the supply of foreign labor in physical markets, which might be expected due to the substantial bureaucratic restrictions and transaction costs associated with physical migration. We further examine how countries’ income and information and communications technologies development levels moderate the positive relationship between monetary incentives and digital labor flows. Our findings are useful for gauging the extent to which digital labor flows can alleviate the economic inefficiencies from the restrictions on physical migration.
Role of miRNAs in skeletal muscle aging

Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the role of miRNAs in the process of skeletal muscle aging. Materials and methods We analyzed the miRNA microarray datasets from 19 young and 17 old skeletal muscle samples by bioinformatic analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, followed by function and pathway enrichment analysis. The expression of miRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Results A total of 23 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in old muscle samples based on two platforms. Gene targets of upregulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in the oxytocin signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, and Notch signaling pathway. The target genes of downregulated miRNAs were significantly related to gap junction, salivary secretion, and estrogen signaling pathway. has-miR-19a and hsa-miR-34a were significant nodes in the miRNA regulatory network. has-miR-19a was closely related to the AMPK signaling pathway. hsa-miR-34a was closely related to cellular senescence and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. PCR analysis showed that the expression of has-miR-34a-5p and has-miR-449b-5p was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group, while no significant difference was observed in the expression of has-miR-19a-3p and has-miR-144-3p between the two groups. Furthermore, the expression of key target genes involved in cellular senescence (sirtuin 1 [SITRI]), MAPK signaling pathway (vascular endothelial growth factor A [VEGFA]), and AMPK signaling pathway (protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 [PRKAA1] and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2-,6-biphosphatase 3 [PFKFB3]) were significantly increased in patients with sarcopenia. Conclusion has-miR-19a and hsa-miR-34a may play regulatory roles in the aging process of skeletal muscles and may be candidate targets to prevent muscle aging. Further experimental validations are warranted.
Guessing probability under unlimited known-plaintext attack on secret keys for Y00 quantum stream cipher by quantum multiple hypotheses testing

Abstract. Although quantum key distribution is regarded as promising secure communication, security of Y00 protocol proposed by Yuen in 2000 for the affinity to conventional optical communication is not well-understood yet; its security has been evaluated only by the eavesdropper’s error probabilities of detecting individual signals or masking size, the number of hidden signal levels under quantum and classical noise. Our study is the first challenge of evaluating the guessing probabilities on shared secret keys for pseudorandom number generators in a simplified Y00 communication system based on quantum multiple hypotheses testing theory. The result is that even unlimitedly long known-plaintext attack only lets the eavesdropper guess the shared secret keys of limited lengths with a probability strictly <1. This study will give some insights for detailed future works on this quantum communication protocol.
A High-Intensity Exercise Boot Camp for Persons With Parkinson Disease: A Phase II, Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Feasibility, Safety, Signal of Efficacy, and Disease Mechanisms

Background and Purpose: The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a high-intensity multimodal exercise program (aerobic, strengthening, and balance training) have not been well vetted in persons with Parkinson disease (PD). Thus, the primary aim was to determine whether a high-intensity multimodal exercise boot camp (HIBC) was both feasible and safe in persons with PD. The secondary aim was to determine whether the program would produce greater benefit than a usual care, low-intensity exercise program (UC). An exploratory aim was to determine whether these programs affected putative disease-modifying mechanisms. Methods: Twenty-seven participants (19 men and 8 women) were randomized into 8 weeks of either the HIBC or UC supervised by physical therapists. For feasibility, participation, and meeting, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) exercise guidelines were assessed. For safety, adverse events were monitored. For efficacy, the following outcome domains were assessed before and after participation: balance, motor activity, endurance and fatigue, strength, mental health, and quality of life. For disease-modifying mechanisms, circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its genotype, superoxide dismutase, and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10) were monitored. Results: The HIBC was better at attaining CDC guidelines (P = 0.013) and spent more minutes in higher-intensity exercise per week (P < 0.001). There were no differences in adverse events (P = 0.419). The HIBC experienced significant improvements in 7/31 outcomes versus 3/31 in the UC arm. BDNF improved significantly for both groups from pre- to posttests (Ps ⩽ 0.041) and an improved anti-inflammatory was observed for both groups. Discussion and Conclusions: A high-intensity multimodal exercise boot camp was feasible and safe in persons with PD. Compared with usual care, there were no differences in adverse events. Moreover, the high-intensity multimodal exercise program produced more improvement across more domains than usual care. Our results also suggest a possible link between improvement in outcomes and an improved anti-inflammatory milieu. Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A244).
Systematic Review of Commercially Available Mobile Phone Applications for Prostate Cancer Education

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer among all men and the second most common cause of death. To ameliorate the burden of prostate cancer, there is a critical need to identify strategies for providing men with information about prostate cancer screening and the importance of informed decision making. With mobile phones becoming more ubiquitous, many individuals are adopting their phones as sources for health information. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and evaluate commercially available apps for promoting informed prostate cancer screening decisions. Two keywords “prostate cancer screening” and “prostate cancer” were entered into the search engines of Google and iOS app stores in May 2017. Evaluations were conducted on apps’ (a) quality, (b) grade-level readability, (c) cultural sensitivity, and (d) usability heuristics. None of the 14 apps meeting the inclusion criteria contained the full breadth of information covered in the 2016 American Cancer Society’s Prostate Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Guidelines, but over half were inclusive of topics consistent with these guidelines. Most apps’ readability was higher than an eighth-grade reading level. Most apps were also not framed and had a neutral tone. Only four apps met most criteria for being culturally sensitive to African Americans. Usability among apps was variable, but some contained major usability concerns. Recommendations for improving educational apps for prostate cancer screening include: disseminating evidence-based information; using culturally sensitive language; knowing the implications of the one and framing of content; making apps interactive; and following common usability principles.
The array of clinical phenotypes of males with mutations in Methyl‐CpG binding protein 2

Mutations in the X‐linked gene MECP2 are associated with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, Rett syndrome (RTT), primarily in girls. It had been suspected that mutations in Methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2) led to embryonic lethality in males, however such males have been reported. To enhance understanding of the phenotypic spectrum present in these individuals, we identified 30 males with MECP2 mutations in the RTT Natural History Study databases. A wide phenotypic spectrum was observed, ranging from severe neonatal encephalopathy to cognitive impairment. Two males with a somatic mutation in MECP2 had classic RTT. Of the remaining 28 subjects, 16 had RTT‐causing MECP2 mutations, 9 with mutations that are not seen in females with RTT but are likely pathogenic, and 3 with uncertain variants. Two subjects with RTT‐causing mutations were previously diagnosed as having atypical RTT; however, careful review of the clinical history determined that an additional 12/28 subjects met criteria for atypical RTT, but with more severe clinical presentation and course, and less distinctive RTT features, than females with RTT, leading to the designation of a new diagnostic entity, male RTT encephalopathy. Increased awareness of the clinical spectrum and widespread comprehensive genomic testing in boys with neurodevelopmental problems will lead to improved identification.
Improved Visualization in Difficult-to-Image Stress Echocardiography Patients Using Real-Time Harmonic Spatial Coherence Imaging

Stress echocardiography is used to detect myocardial ischemia by evaluating cardiovascular function both at rest and at elevated heart rates. Stress echocardiography requires excellent visualization of the left ventricle (LV) throughout the cardiac cycle. However, LV endocardial border visualization is often negatively impacted by high levels of clutter associated with patient obesity, which has risen dramatically worldwide in recent decades. Short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging has demonstrated reduced clutter in several applications. In this work, a computationally efficient formulation of SLSC was implemented into an object-oriented graphics processing unit-based software beamformer, enabling real-time (>30 frames per second) SLSC echocardiography on a research ultrasound scanner. The system was then used to image 15 difficult-to-image stress echocardiography patients in a comparison study of tissue harmonic imaging (THI) and harmonic spatial coherence imaging (HSCI). Video clips of four standard stress echocardiography views acquired with either THI or HSCI were provided in random shuffled order to three experienced readers. Each reader rated the visibility of 17 LV segments as “invisible,” “suboptimally visualized,” or “well visualized,” with the first two categories indicating a need for contrast agent. In a symmetry test unadjusted for patientwise clustering, HSCI demonstrated a clear superiority over THI (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p< 0.0001$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). When measured on a per-patient basis, the median total score significantly favored HSCI with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p< 0.001$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. When collapsing the ratings to a two-level scale (“needs contrast” versus “well visualized”), HSCI once again showed an overall superiority over THI, with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p< 0.0001$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by McNemar test adjusted for clustering.
Food allergy and gastrointestinal disease Analysis of eosinophilic esophagitis in children with repaired congenital esophageal atresia

From the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati; the Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney; the Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital; and the Department of Anatomical Pathology (SEALS), Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney. Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants P30 DK078392, R37 AI045898, R01 AI124355, and U19 AI070235; the Campaign Urging Research for Eosinophilic Disease (CURED); the Buckeye Foundation; the Sunshine Charitable Foundation and its supporters, Denise A. Bunning and David G. Bunning; and the Clinical and Translational Science Award of the University of Cincinnati (UL1 TR001425). Disclosure of potential conflict of interest:M. E. Rothenberg is a consultant for PulmOne, Spoon Guru, Celgene, Shire, Astra Zeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Allakos, Adare, Regeneron, and Novartis; has an equity interest in PulmOne, Spoon Guru, Celgene, and Immune Pharmaceuticals; and has received royalties from reslizumab (Teva Pharmaceuticals). M. E. Rothenberg and T. Wen are coinventors of the EDP patent owned by Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. Received for publication May 1, 2018; revised July 20, 2018; accepted for publication August 24, 2018. Available online October 24, 2018. Corresponding author: TingWen, PhD, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail: ting.wen@cchmc. org. The CrossMark symbol notifies online readers when updates have been made to the article such as errata or minor corrections 0091-6749/$36.0