Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approach to the Management of Allograft Recipients Following the Detection of Hepatitis B Virus in the Prospective Organ Donor

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly infectious blood‐borne pathogen that can be transmitted by a solid organ allograft and result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in the management of HBV infection prompt a reappraisal of the approach to the management of allograft recipients from cadaver donors previously exposed to HBV, because of the ongoing shortage of organ donors. This report reviews current knowledge regarding the risk of HBV transmission by an organ from cadaver donors testing positive for markers of HBV infection and makes recommendations for the evaluation, treatment, and surveillance of the allograft recipients.
Strength training improves muscle aerobic capacity and glucose tolerance in elderly

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short‐term resistance training (RET) on mitochondrial protein content and glucose tolerance in elderly. Elderly women and men (age 71 ± 1, mean ± SEM) were assigned to a group performing 8 weeks of resistance training (RET, n = 12) or no training (CON, n = 9). The RET group increased in (i) knee extensor strength (concentric +11 ± 3%, eccentric +8 ± 3% and static +12 ± 3%), (ii) initial (0–30 ms) rate of force development (+52 ± 26%) and (iii) contents of proteins related to signaling of muscle protein synthesis (Akt +69 ± 20 and mammalian target of rapamycin +69 ± 32%). Muscle fiber type composition changed to a more oxidative profile in RET with increased amount of type IIa fibers (+26.9 ± 6.8%) and a trend for decreased amount of type IIx fibers (−16.4 ± 18.2%, P = 0.068). Mitochondrial proteins (OXPHOS complex II, IV, and citrate synthase) increased in RET by +30 ± 11%, +99 ± 31% and +29 ± 8%, respectively. RET resulted in improved oral glucose tolerance measured as reduced area under curve for glucose (−21 ± 26%) and reduced plasma glucose 2 h post‐glucose intake (−14 ± 5%). In CON parameters were unchanged or impaired. In conclusion, short‐term resistance training in elderly not only improves muscular strength, but results in robust increases in several parameters related to muscle aerobic capacity.
Cursor Orientation and Computer Screen Positioning Movements

Implicit directional cues in arrowhead cursors could influence positioning of a cursor on the screen of the computer. Performance during cursor placement may benefit from compatibilities between cursor orientation and direction of movement. Arrowheads could also elicit illusory processes that may affect judgments of (a) the distances on the screen or (b) the location of the point of the arrowhead. To address the impact of the cursor's orientation on its positioning, we had 12 participants move cursors (crosshairs, leftward, or rightward arrow) leftward or rightward to targets (near, far) on a computer screen. Movement amplitude was more important than cursor orientation for initiation of rightward movements, whereas cursor orientation affected the duration of leftward movements and movements to farther targets. Arrowhead orientation contributed to the greater overshooting of far targets. There was little evidence that compatibility of orientation and direction of movement assisted response initiation or execution, and there was little indication that arrowhead cursors led to illusory effects that influenced cursor placement. Arrowhead cursors can provide irrelevant stimulus dimensions that distract users. This work can be applied to the design of cursors in graphical user interfaces. The use of orientation-neutral cursors or cursors whose stimulus dimensions are more relevant is recommended.
Y 5 Receptors Mediate Neuropeptide Y Actions at Excitatory Synapses in Area CA 3 of the Mouse Hippocampus

Guo, Hui, Peter A. Castro, Richard D. Palmiter, and Scott C. Baraban. Y5 receptors mediate neuropeptide Y actions at excitatory synapses in area CA3 of the mouse hippocampus. J Neurophysiol 87: 558–566, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00532. 2001. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent modulator of excitatory synaptic transmission and limbic seizures. NPY is abundantly expressed in the dentate gyrus and is thought to modulate hippocampal excitability via activation of presynaptic Y2 receptors (Y2R). Here we demonstrate that NPY, and commonly used Y2R-preferring (NPY13–36) and Y5 receptor (Y5R)– preferring ([D-Trp]NPY and hPP) peptide agonists, evoke similar levels of inhibition at excitatory CA3 synapses in hippocampal slices from wild-type control mice (WT). In contrast, NPYergic inhibition of excitatory CA3 synaptic transmission is absent in mice lacking the Y5R subtype (Y5R KO). In both analyses of evoked population spike activity and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic synaptic currents (EPSCs), NPY agonists induced powerful inhibitory effects in all hippocampal slices from WT mice, whereas these peptides had no effect in slices from Y5R KO mice. In slices from WT mice, NPY (and NPY receptor–preferring agonists) reduced the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs but had no effect on sEPSC amplitude, rise time, or decay time. Furthermore, NPYergic modulation of spontaneous EPSCs in WT mice was mimicked by bath application of a novel Y5R-selective peptide agonist ([cpp]hPP) but not the selective Y2R agonist ([ahx]NPY). In situ hybridization was used to confirm the presence of NPY, Y2, and Y5 mRNA in the hippocampus of WT mice and the absence of Y5R in knockout mice. These results suggest that the Y5 receptor subtype, previously believed to mediate food intake, plays a critical role in modulation of hippocampal excitatory transmission at the hilar-to-CA3 synapse in the mouse.
Revisiting the Children of Twins: Can They Be Used to Resolve the Environmental Effects of Dyadic Parental Treatment on Child Behavior?

Abstract The children of twins (COT) design has been proposed as an alternative to the adoption study to resolve the direct effects of parental treatment from secondary parent–child association due to genetic factors. The basic analytical approach compares the parent–offspring correlation with the correlation between children and the monozygotic (MZ) twins of their parents. We show that a significant difference between these correlations does not imply direct environmental causality when the measured parental treatment in question is dyadic, that is, influenced by both parents even when mating is random. Nongenetic causal effects yield very similar patterns of correlation to secondary genetic effects on dyadic treatment variables. The fact that many candidate environments, such as parental divorce, are dyadic gives reason to question the interpretation of their correlations with behavior in the children of twins.
Construction of a fusion flagellin complex and evaluation of the protective immunity of it in red snapper (Lutjanus sanguineus)

Aims: The main aims of this study were to construct a bivalent subunit vaccine containing flagellin flaA gene and flagellin flaB gene from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 and to explore the potential application of the fusion protein FlaA‐(G4S)3‐FlaB as a vaccine candidate for red snapper (Lutjanus sanguineus).
Variations among y-Globulins at the Antigenic Site Revealed by Pepsin Digestion *

The pepsin site, an antigenic determinant of human y-globulin uncovered by proteolytic digestion of IgG 1 by pepsin, has previously been described and characterized by Osterland, Harboe, and Kunkel (3). By using anti-Rh antibodies digested with pepsin at pH 4.1, it was found that 20% of normal sera and 57% of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis contained anti-y-globulin factors, primarily 7 S, which agglutinated cells coated with pepsin-digested human incomplete antibody. Of particular was the that these agglutination reactions could not be inhibited by whole y-globulin, only by pepsin or papain digests of human y-globulin performed at pH 4.1. a S fragment related Fc-frag-ment was digested to dialyzable peptides. and the two antigenically distinct 3.5 obtained
Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. I. A light and electron microscopic study of naturally occurring and induced cell loss during development

The onset and sequence of cell death in the lateral motoneurons of the lumbar spinal cord of the chick embryo was studied between 4 and 18 days of incubation by light and electron microscopy. The naturally occurring degeneration of a few motoneurons begins already on day 4 of incubation, but the cell loss becomes much more frequent from day 5.5 to day 9, during which 40% of the neuron population degenerates. In the light microscope, the degenerating neurons are seen to undergo shrinkage and condensation. Ultrastructurally, two types of degeneration can be recognized. In the first, termed Type I, the polyribosomes are dissociated and appear free in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes also become detached from rough endoplasmic reticulum, although small pieces of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum are still recognizable. Most of the mitochondria are vacuolized. These changes are accompanied by the appearance of a pyknotic nucleus which contains condensed chromatin masses. The most characteristic feature in what we term Type II degeneration is the striking dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, the nuclear envelope and the Golgi apparatus. Ribosomes still form distinctly rosette‐like polyribosomes. A few mitochondria show signs of degeneration. The nuclear profile in most cells of this type is rounded whereas the chromatin is becoming condensed. In the late stages of Type II degeneration, the dilated membrane systems break down into numerous vesicles some of which still have ribosomes attached. Only late in the sequence of Type II degeneration do polyribosomes then dissociate to free monoribosomes. The degeneration process in both types leads finally to cell death and complete cellular breakdown: the entire process being due to an autolytic mechanism. The nuclear envelope breaks down and the nuclear content becomes mixed with lytic cytoplasm. The dying cell finally either condenses into one big globule or several smaller fragmented globules. All the globular debris are highly osmiophilic and compact. Only at this stage of breakdown is the cell debris phagocytozed by radial ependymal processes and mononuclear leukocytes. The entire degenerative process in these immature neurons is strikingly rapid.
The Effect of Strategic Alliance Knowledge Complementarity on New Product Innovativeness in China

In emerging economies, firms use strategic alliances to access and learn from partners' knowledge and thus enhance their innovativeness, especially when the partners have complementary knowledge sets. However, differences in cultural and business practices, as well as a lack of trust between local and foreign firms, make it more difficult for both partners to absorb and integrate their complementary knowledge bases. In emerging economies, strategic alliances often are associated with weak legal and regulatory environments that make the integration of complementary knowledge sets challenging. Existing literature lacks a clear explanation of the effect of knowledge complementarity on new product innovativeness; in response, this article examines the moderating role of new product development process characteristics and external environmental factors. Among a sample of high-tech strategic alliances in China, new product development process interdependence and environmental dynamism positively moderate the effect of knowledge complementarity on new product innovativeness, whereas expropriation risks negatively moderate its effect.
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Is Located to the Inner Nuclear Membrane Vindicating Regulation of Nuclear Calcium Signaling by Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate

Transient rise in nuclear calcium concentration is implicated in the regulation of events controlling gene expression. Mechanism by which calcium is transported to the nucleus is vehemently debated. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP) and inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (InsP) receptors have been located to the nucleus and their role in nuclear calcium signaling has been proposed. Outer nuclear membrane was separated from the inner membrane. The two membrane preparations were, as best as possible, devoid of cross contamination as attested by marker enzyme activity, Western blotting with antilamin antibody, and electron microscopy. InsP receptor and Ca-ATPase were located to the outer nuclear membrane. InsP receptor was located to the inner nuclear membrane. ATP or InsP induced nuclear calcium uptake. External free calcium concentration, in the medium bathing the nuclei, determined the choice for ATP or InsP-mediated calcium transport. We present a mechanistic model for nuclear calcium transport. According to this model, calcium can reach the nucleus envelope either by the action of ATP or InsP. However, the calcium release from the nucleus envelope to the nucleoplasm is mediated by InsP through the activation of InsP receptor, which is located to the inner nuclear membrane. The action of InsP in this process was instantaneous and transient and was sensitive to heparin.
Sensitivity to Fairness and Intentions of Others in the Ultimatum Game in Patients with Ventromedial Prefontal Lesions

Abstract This study aimed to examine the relationship between perspective-taking and impaired decision-making in patients with ventromedial prefrontal (VM) lesions, using the Ultimatum Game (UG). In the UG, two players split a sum of money and one player proposes a division while the other can accept or reject this. Eight patients with VM damage and 18 healthy controls participated as responders in a modified version of the UG, in which identical offers can generate different rejection rates depending on the other offers available to the proposer. Participants had to either accept or reject offers of 2:8 NIS (2NIS for them and 8 NIS for the proposer), which were paired with one of four different possible offers (5:5, 4:6, 2:8, 8:2). Results indicate that the controls more often rejected offers of 2:8 when the alternative was 4:6 (a greedy alternative) than when the alternative was 5:5 (fair alternative), whereas the VM patients showed the opposite pattern of decision-making. Additionally, the overall rejection rates were higher in patients as compared to controls. Furthermore, scores on a perspective-taking scale were negatively correlated with rejection rates in the patient group, suggesting that perspective-taking deficits may account for impaired decision-making in VM patients. (JINS, 2012, 18, 952–961)
Design optimization of spoke-type PM motors for Formula E racing cars

This paper presents the performance trade-offs in the design optimization of spoke-type permanent magnet (PM) motors for high speed and very high torque density traction motors. An example 18-slot 16-pole machine for a direct drive Formula E race car over the Le Mans driving cycle is considered. Both low speed and extended speed/field-weakening operations are evaluated using high fidelity finite element (FE) simulations, to simultaneously increase the torque density and decrease the power losses over the high energy-throughput-zones of the machine torque-speed plane. The results of the design optimization process yielding 3,400 design candidates are utilized to quantify the performance trade-offs for increasing the power density in spoke-type PM motors. These trade-offs include the impacts on other performance metrics such as power losses, PM demagnetization, and torque ripple. The analysis is supplemented by multi-physics simulation of three counterpart optimized designs, and successful experimental verification of a prototype of one of those three designs which represents a record high power density motor in traction applications.
Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Moyamoya-Like Vascular Changes

We describe a young girl with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and moyamoya-like cerebrovascular changes which reversed after anticoagulation. Although there was a risk of hemorrhage from collateral vessels, we speculate that this treatment may have prevented progression of the vascular abnormalities, while resolution of the thrombus resulted in improved cerebrovascular circulation.
PSEUDOEXFOLIATION OF THE LENS CAPSULE AND LIBERATION OF IRIS PIGMENT

A total of 220 inmates of old people's homes, all over 60 years of age, were examined for pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule. The incidence recorded for the age group 60–69 years was 10%, 70–79 years 21.3% and 80–89 years 32.8%. The intraocular tension of the eyes with pseudo‐exfoliation averaged 17.5 mmHg, against an average of 15.4 mmHg in normal eyes. After mydriatics, pigmented floaters were seen in the aqueous humour of 61.5% of the normal eyes, and 83.3% of the eyes with pseudoexfoliation. In these latter eyes, moreover, the pigment liberation was distinctly more marked. The trabecular region of the affected eyes was more pigmented than that of the normal eyes. The mechanism by which pseudoexfoliation possibly affects pigment liberation and trabecular pigmentation is discussed.
Alterations in the proteome of the respiratory tract in response to single and multiple exposures to naphthalene

Protein adduction is considered to be critical to the loss of cellular homeostasis associated with environmental chemicals undergoing metabolic activation. Despite considerable effort, our understanding of the key proteins mediating the pathologic consequences from protein modification by electrophiles is incomplete. This work focused on naphthalene (NA) induced acute injury of respiratory epithelial cells and tolerance which arises after multiple toxicant doses to define the initial cellular proteomic response and later protective actions related to tolerance. Airways and nasal olfactory epithelium from mice exposed to 15 ppm NA either for 4 h (acute) or for 4 h/day × 7 days (tolerant) were used for label‐free protein quantitation by LC/MS/MS. Cytochrome P450 2F2 and secretoglobin 1A1 are decreased dramatically in airways of mice exposed for 4 h, a finding consistent with the fact that CYPs are localized primarily in Clara cells. A number of heat shock proteins and protein disulfide isomerases, which had previously been identified as adduct targets for reactive metabolites from several lung toxicants, were upregulated in airways but not olfactory epithelium of tolerant mice. Protein targets that are upregulated in tolerance may be key players in the pathophysiology associated with reactive metabolite protein adduction. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000846 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000846).
Can Laboratory Findings on Eyewitness Testimony Be Generalized to the Real World? An Archival Analysis of the Influence of Violence, Weapon Presence, and Age on Eyewitness Accuracy

Abstract The authors conducted 2 studies to assess the effects of levels of violence, the presence of a weapon, and the age of the witness on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony in real-life crime situations. Descriptions of offenders were taken from eyewitnesses' statements obtained by the police and were compared with the actual details of the same offenders obtained on arrest. The results showed that eyewitnesses tended to recall the offenders' hairstyle and hair color most accurately. None of the effects for the level of violence, the presence of a weapon, or age approached statistical significance, with the exception that, in the 1st study, accuracy in describing hair color was better when associated with high levels of violence and in cases of rape. It is argued that caution must be exercised in generalizing from laboratory studies of eyewitness testimony to actual crime situations.
Efficacy of dalbavancin in the treatment of MRSA rat sternal osteomyelitis with mediastinitis.

OBJECTIVES Dalbavancin, a semi-synthetic lipoglycopeptide, is characterized by a long plasma half-life, which allows weekly dosing. Dalbavancin may be a good treatment option for patients with deep sternal wound infections owing to its improved pharmacokinetic profile and antibacterial activity compared with currently used antibiotics. Here we evaluated the efficacy of 7 or 14 days of treatment with dalbavancin, compared with vancomycin and with saline, in reducing sternal bone MRSA counts in a rat Staphylococcus aureus deep sternal wound infection model. METHODS A mid-sternal wound was surgically induced in anaesthetized rats. A clinical strain of MRSA was injected into the sternum to establish infection. Rats were treated intraperitoneally for 7 or 14 days with dalbavancin, vancomycin or saline. The number of cfu per gram of sternum or spleen tissue was determined using viable counts. The antibacterial efficacy was determined by the reduction in bacterial counts per gram of sternum or spleen tissue in each treatment group. RESULTS Treatment with dalbavancin was superior to treatment with saline for 7 days (0.75 log reduction in bone cfu) or 14 days (>3 log reduction in bone cfu) and similar to treatment with vancomycin. Additionally, dalbavancin was also effective in reducing systemic dissemination of MRSA. CONCLUSIONS Dalbavancin is effective in the treatment of MRSA rat sternal osteomyelitis.
Importance of the creatinine calibration in the estimation of GFR by MDRD equation.

[1] on the standardization of creatinine and the implications for chronic kidney disease (CKD) management. We fully agree with the general conclusions. However, we would like to make some comments about the methodology. Using correcting formulae to convert 'routine serum creatinine' to 'MDRD creatinine' is mandatory. Van Biesen
Nitric oxide enhances the growth of U937 human leukemic cells through a cyclooxygenase‐mediated pathway

The mechanisms of exogenous nitric oxide (NO)‐enhanced growth of the U937 human myeloid leukemic cells were examined using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a NO donor. Treatment with 0.1 mM SNP for 72 h caused a 45 ± 2% increase in U937 cell growth with significantly increased S/G2 + M‐phase and decreased G0/G1‐phase of the cell cycle. The growth‐enhancing effect of SNP was blocked by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, but not by H7, a broad spectrum kinase inhibitor, or PD98059, a mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor. SNP treatment resulted in a dose‐dependent increase in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous PGE2 not only enhanced U937 cell growth but restored the indomethacin‐inhibited mitogenic effect of SNP. We suggest that NO can enhance cell growth through activating the cyclooxygenase pathway and that PGE2 may be an effector molecule for NO‐regulated cell proliferation. Our data provide a mechanistic insight into the regulatory role of NO in myelopoiesis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 451–458; 1998.