Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of an enzyme assisted banana pulp clarification process

The study was initiated to optimize the enzymatic clarification process of banana pulp of maturity stage 6 using response surface methodology. Banana pulp was treated with pectinase enzyme (Pectinex Ultra SP-L) at various concentrations (0.05-0.15%), incubation temperature (30-50oC) and time (60-180 min) of treatment. The effect of these enzymatic conditions on per cent juice yield, viscosity of banana pulp and clarity of banana juice were studied by employing Central Composite Design. Significant regression model describing the changes of juice yield, viscosity and clarity of juice with respect to hydrolysis parameters were established with the coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.9851, 0.9883 and 0.9679, respectively. Based on response surface and desirability graph, the optimum conditions for clarification of banana pulp were: 0.12% enzyme concentration, 38.84oC incubation temperature and 136.52 min of incubation time resulted juice yield, viscosity of pulp and clarity of juice under above conditions were 64.76%, 450.20 cps and 84.56%, respectively.
How to break the "invisible walls": the role of communicative practices for overcoming challenges of subgroups in global teams.

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.iv DEDICATION.vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.vii List of Appendices.viii List of Tables.viii List of Figures.viii CHAPTER ONE. Introduction.1 Preview of the Dissertation.9 CHAPTER TWO. Literature Review.11 CHAPTER THREE. Theoretical Framework, Research Questions and Hypotheses.23 CHAPTER FOUR. Research Context.43 Observation Procedure.44 In-depth Interviews.45 Critical Incident Technique.48 Survey Questionnaire.49 Measures.51 Pilot Study.56 CHAPTER FIVE. Quantitative Results.58 CHAPTER SIX. Qualitative Findings.63 CHAPTER SEVEN. Discussion.109 Summary of Results.110 Theoretical Contributions.114 Practical Implications.119 Limitations.123 Future Directions.124 Conclusion.126 REFERENCES.129 APPENDICES.140 TABLES.154 FIGURES.167
Forecasting Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall Based on Serial Pair-Copula Constructions

We compute VaR, CAViaR, ES and CARES from a serial dependence PCC structure.There is difference in dependence when distinct lagged influence is considered.We find absolute superiority of the proposed approach over traditional methods. In this paper, we use a serial dependence structure of financial assets based on pair-copula construction (PCC) to estimate risk measures in a very flexible way. This structure considers dependence with past observations isolating the effect for other lags, in a way that strengths the capacity for correct modeling. We present an algorithm to compute VaR, CAViaR, ES and CARES from this serial PCC structure. The results indicate that a considerable difference in dependence estimation is influenced by other lags. Such pattern is only observed through the proposed approach, and not by others usually considered both in academic and practical work. This pattern is consistent for returns and volatilities. Regarding the risk measures, the results indicate an absolute superiority of the approach used over two concurring, parametric ARMA-GARCH and non-parametric historical simulations.
To Pay or Not Pay: Directors' Remuneration and Insolvency Risk in Credit Unions

This study examines the effect of directors’ pay on insolvency risk in member-owned organisations, such as credit unions. This research uses a unique setting of Australian credit unions, where a significant shift is observed from a traditional volunteer board nature to one that compensates directors, to test the hypotheses. Specifically, this study investigates the impact of the remuneration of board members and other board governance and credit-union specific factors that are expected to affect credit unions’ probability of insolvency. The main finding is that remuneration packages for credit union directors tend to decrease insolvency risk, measured by the accounting-based Z-score measure, only when directors are paid more rather than less. This study provides important insights into the ongoing global debate on whether or not to remunerate credit union board members and their relationship with risk-taking behaviour in the context of cooperative financial institutions.
Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants.

BACKGROUND When sufficient maternal breast milk is not available, alternative sources of enteral nutrition for preterm or low birth weight infants are donor breast milk or artificial formula. Donor breast milk may retain some of the non-nutritive benefits of maternal breast milk for preterm or low birth weight infants. However, feeding with artificial formula may ensure more consistent delivery of optimal levels of nutrients. Uncertainty exists about the balance of risks and benefits of feeding formula versus donor breast milk for preterm or low birth weight infants. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of feeding with formula compared with donor breast milk on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2014, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1966 to March 2014), EMBASE (1980 to March 2014), CINAHL (1982 to March 2014), conference proceedings and previous reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing feeding with formula versus donor breast milk in preterm or low birth weight infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data using the standard methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Group, with separate evaluation of trial quality and data extraction by two review authors. MAIN RESULTS Nine trials, in which 1070 infants participated, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four trials compared standard term formula versus donor breast milk and five compared nutrient-enriched preterm formula versus donor breast milk. Only the two most recent trials used nutrient-fortified donor breast milk. The trials contain various methodological quality weaknesses, specifically uncertainty about adequate allocation concealment methods in three trials and lack of blinding in most of the trials.Formula-fed infants had higher in hospital rates of increase in weight [mean difference (MD): 2.58 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98 to 3.71) g/kg/day], length [MD 1.93 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.62) mm/week] and head circumference [MD 1.59 (95% CI 0.95 to 2.24) mm/week]. We did not find evidence of an effect on post-discharge growth rates or neurodevelopmental outcomes. Formula feeding increased the risk of necrotising enterocolitis: typical risk ratio 2.77 (95% CI 1.40 to 5.46); risk difference 0.04 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.07). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In preterm and low birth weight infants, feeding with formula compared with donor breast milk results in a higher rate of short-term growth but also a higher risk of developing necrotising enterocolitis. Limited data on the comparison of feeding with formula versus nutrient-fortified donor breast milk are available. This limits the applicability of the findings of this review as nutrient fortification of breast milk is now a common practice in neonatal care. Future trials may compare growth, development and adverse outcomes in infants who receive formula milk versus nutrient-fortified donor breast milk given as a supplement to maternal expressed breast milk or as a sole diet.
Compression garments do not alter cerebrovascular responses to orthostatic stress after mild passive heating

Whole‐body heating increases the likelihood of syncope, whereas utilizing lower‐body compression garments may reduce syncope risk. We hypothesized that graded compression garments would reduce the typically observed large postural reductions in arterial blood pressure and middle cerebral artery velocity, in normothermia and especially once passively heat stressed. Fifteen men (age: 27 ± 4 years, aerobic fitness range: 30–75 mL/kg/min) completed a supine‐to‐stand orthostatic challenge for 3 min at normothermia and after passive heating (esophageal temperature, +0.5 °C from baseline) on two occasions (> 7 days): once wearing commercially available compression trousers and once wearing low‐compression placebo trousers (randomized order). Blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (transcranial Doppler), mean arterial blood pressure (mean BP: Finometer) and end‐tidal carbon dioxide pressure were measured continuously. During normothermia, compression, garments did not alter the magnitude of the postural changes in mean BP or middle cerebral artery velocity. After passive heating, although the magnitudes of these changes were exaggerated, they were not significantly affected by compression garments. Compression garments did not attenuate the initial or sustained orthostatic hypotension associated with posture change, either during normothermia or following passive heat stress.
Glenoid bone loss in primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty

The management of glenoid bone loss is a major challenge in both complex primary and revision arthroplasty surgery. To deal with this problem, a number of techniques have been advocated, although there has been no previous systematic review of the literature. In the present review, we have attempted to identify a coherent strategy for addressing this problem, taking into account the degree of bone loss, the advantages and limits of standard implants, bone reconstruction techniques and the use of customized prostheses.
Adverse Effects Associated With High-Dose Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Use in Anterior Cervical Spine Fusion

Study Design. A retrospective review of patients who underwent an anterior cervical fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 with an absorbable collagen sponge (INFUSE®; Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Minneapolis, MN). Objective. To ascertain the complication rate after the use of high-dose INFUSE® in anterior cervical fusions. Summary of Background Data. The rhBMP-2 has been primarily investigated in lumbar spine fusions, where it has significantly enhanced the fusion rate and decreased the length of surgery, blood loss, and hospital stay. Methods. We present 151 patients who underwent either an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (n = 138) or anterior cervical vertebrectomy and fusion (n = 13) augmented with high-dose INFUSE® between July 2003 and March 2004. The rhBMP-2 (up to 2.1 mg/level) was used in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusions. Results. A total of 35 (23.2%) patients had complications after the use of high-dose INFUSE® in the cervical spine. There were 15 patients diagnosed with a hematoma, including 11 on postoperative day 4 or 5, of whom 8 were surgically evacuated. Thirteen individuals had either a prolonged hospital stay (>48 hours) or hospital readmission because of swallowing/breathing difficulties or dramatic swelling without hematoma. Conclusions. A significant rate of complications resulted after the use of a high dose of INFUSE® in anterior cervical fusions. We hypothesize that in the cervical area, the putative inflammatory effect that contributes to the effectiveness of INFUSE® in inducing fusion may spread to adjacent critical structures and lead to increased postoperative morbidity. A thorough investigation is warranted to determine the optimal dose of rhBMP-2 that will promote cervical fusion and minimize complications.
Offshoring, Firm Selection, and Job Polarisation in General Equilibrium

We set up a general equilibrium model, in which offshoring to a low-income country can lead to job polarisation in the high-income country, with the number of jobs paying either very high or very low wages increasing, and jobs in the middle of the wage distribution disappearing. The firm population is heterogenous with respect to firm productivity, and rent sharing leads to a positive link between wages and productivity at the firm level. Offshoring involves fixed and task-specific variable costs, and as a consequence it is chosen only by the most productive firms, and only for those tasks carrying the lowest variable offshoring costs. A reduction in those variable costs increases offshoring at the intensive and at the extensive margin, with domestic employment shifted from the newly offshoring firms in the middle of the productivity distribution to firms at the tails of this distribution, paying either very low or very high wages.
DAMPAK COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS PADA PENINGKATAN KINERJA INDUSTRI KREATIF

Industri kreatif memiliki kontribusi terhadap pembangunan ekonomi, akan tetapi pengembangan industri kreatif masih banyak permasalahan, terutama sumber daya manusia, sehingga berdampak pada lemahnya keunggulan bersaing dan kinerja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh collaborative networks terhadap kapabilitas inovasi dan keunggulan bersaing serta dampaknya terhadap kinerja pada sektor fashion di Jawa Tengah. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan purpusive sampling dan analisa data menggunakan Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan collaborative networks berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kapabilitas inovasi dan keunggulan bersaing, dan collaborative networks tidak berpengauh signifikan terhadap kinerja. Kapabilitas inovasi dan keunggulan bersaing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja. Kata kunci : Collaborative networks, Kapabilitas inovasi, Keunggulan bersaing, Kinerja.
PEMBUDAYAAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN BERBASIS AKUNTANSI BAGI PELAKU USAHA KECIL MENENGAH

The problems faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs), one of which is lack of ability in business finance management. Businesses often feel confined in their ability to apply accounting because they are not yet accustomed to practicing accounting in the management of their business finances. The solution of these problems, then the businesses needs to get training and assistance in a sustainable manner related to the financial management of accounting-based business, so as to manage their business finances effectively. The purpose of this study is to know the culture of accounting-based financial management for businesses “batik” sector in Banyuwangi. The analysis was done by qualitative descriptive method, that is basing the result of observation and interview with informant. The results of the analysis concluded that accounting-based financial management can provide benefits for businesses to know the exact financial condition of the business, regulate and control the overall financial transactions that occur along the sustainability of its business. Therefore, businesses should familiarize (cultivate) to implement accounting-based financial management. The implication of the result of this study is expected to be composed of concepts related to the culture of accounting-based financial management for businesses actors, especially SMEs.
Hidden Cost of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Estimating Cost of Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease and Depression Among Patients with RA

Objective. To examine resource utilization and direct healthcare cost associated with comorbid cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression among patients with prevalent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on analyses of retrospective healthcare claims data. Methods. The index date was set as the first observed claim with an RA diagnosis. Patients were required to be ≥ 18 years of age, to have received RA-related treatment during the pre-index period, and to have 12-month pre- and post-index data. Based on pre-index utilization, patients were classified into 4 diagnosis groups: RA alone, RA + CVD, RA + depression, and RA + CVD + depression. Analyses focused on annual differences in costs between patients with RA alone and those with CVD and/or depression. A generalized linear model was applied to control for demographic and clinical characteristics and to estimate cohort-specific adjusted mean annual healthcare cost. Results. Of 10,298 patients, 8,916 had RA alone (86.6%), 608 had RA + CVD (5.9%), 716 had RA + depression (7.0%), and 58 had RA + CVD + depression (0.5%). All patients with CVD and/or depression incurred significantly higher followup costs compared with patients with RA alone. Adjusted annual mean healthcare costs were highest for RA + CVD (US$14,145), followed by RA + CVD + depression ($13,513), RA + depression ($12,225), and RA alone ($11,404). Although patients with CVD and/or depression had a greater rate of RA-related hospitalization, adjusted RA-related healthcare costs did not reflect any statistically significant differences as compared to the RA-alone cohort. Conclusion. A significant proportion (13.4%) of patients with prevalent RA have comorbid CVD and/or depression. The presence of these conditions significantly affects annual healthcare costs as well as specific RA-related utilization patterns.
Dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase is physically associated with the respiratory complex and its loss leads to mitochondrial dysfunction

Some mutations of the DHODH (dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase) gene lead to postaxial acrofacial dysostosis or Miller syndrome. Only DHODH is localized at mitochondria among enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. Since the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway is coupled to the mitochondrial RC (respiratory chain) via DHODH, impairment of DHODH should affect the RC function. To investigate this, we used siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated knockdown and observed that DHODH knockdown induced cell growth retardation because of G2/M cell-cycle arrest, whereas pyrimidine deficiency usually causes G1/S arrest. Inconsistent with this, the cell retardation was not rescued by exogenous uridine, which should bypass the DHODH reaction for pyrimidine synthesis. DHODH depletion partially inhibited the RC complex III, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species). We observed that DHODH physically interacts with respiratory complexes II and III by IP (immunoprecipitation) and BN (blue native)/SDS/PAGE analysis. Considering that pyrimidine deficiency alone does not induce craniofacial dysmorphism, the DHODH mutations may contribute to the Miller syndrome in part through somehow altered mitochondrial function.
Effects of the Credit Boom on the Soundness of Vietnamese Commercial Banks

This paper concentrates on examining the impact of the credit boom (2007-2010) on the soundness of the commercial banking system in Vietnam by using qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that the credit boom in the period 2007-2010 had made Vietnam's banking system face many uncertainties such as difficulties in liquidity, increased non-performing loans. The influence of the credit boom on Vietnam's banking system is assessed on basic aspects such as asset quality, profitability, liquidity, capital adequacy. The quantitative analysis of the impact is made through the regression model using variables that show the characteristic of individual commercial bank and the volatility of the economy. The data is collected from 18 commercial banks in Vietnam in the period from 2005 to 2013, taken from the database BankScope and supplemented by information from the annual financial reports of the banks. Finally, in order to avoid the possibility of credit booms in the future and their effects on bank soundness in Vietnam, some recommendations related to credit growth are proposed for the authorities and the commercial banks.
Neck Complaints in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Consecutive Case Series of 170 Children

Objectives: To describe the spectrum of pathologies responsible for neck ailments in a primary care pediatric emergency setting and evaluate their outcome. Methods: All children aged 16 years or younger, who presented to the emergency department of the Children's Hospital of Lausanne during a 1-year period, were retrospectively identified and charts were reviewed. Causes of neck complaints were classified as traumatic (group 1), infectious (group 2), postural (group 3), or miscellaneous (group 4) according to the final diagnosis. History and physical examination findings, radiological and laboratory results, as well as patient outcomes were recorded. Results: During the study period, 28,722 children were observed in the emergency department, and 170 were identified as having neck complaints. The number of patients with neck ailments in group 1 was 105 (62%). Group 2 contained 33 patients (19%), of which 28 (16.5%) had a viral infection and 5 (2.9%) had a bacterial infection. Group 3 contained 30 children (17.6%) and group 4 contained 2 children (1.2%). Cervical spine radiography was performed on an emergency basis in 60 children (57 in group 1, 2 in group 2, and 1 in group 3). Significant abnormalities were observed in 6 children. Cervical computed tomography (CT) was performed in 9 children, from which 5 were in group 1, 3 were in group 2, and 1 was in group 4. The CT scan revealed pathologic findings in 6 children. Follow-up data were available in 135 patients (79.4%), of which 129 (95.6%) experienced complete recovery in less than 2 weeks. Admission to the hospital was necessary in 4 children (1 in group 1 and 3 in group 2), including 2 for emergency surgical drainage of retropharyngeal abscesses. One child with posttraumatic torticollis was treated conservatively as an outpatient and recovered in 7 weeks. One child was had his/her condition eventually diagnosed with osteoid osteoma and treated with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Conclusions: Most cases of neck ailments in children presenting to the emergency department were due to trauma or infection, which were effectively managed as outpatients. When signs and symptoms suggested an emergent cause, CT provided a definitive diagnosis. The evaluation of a child presenting with acute neck complaints should be based on history and physical examination. Plain radiographs and CT scan are contributive in selected cases.
The bispectral index system in pediatrics--is it related to the end-tidal concentration of inhalation anesthetics?

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND AND GOAL OF STUDY: Bispectral Index (BIS) has been used in adults to measure depth of anesthesia using various protocols. Though less investigated in children, there is growing evidence that bispectral index seems adequately calibrated for monitoring the depth of isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. A range of BIS scores (40-60) has been seen to be an indicator for an acceptable level of hypnosis and anesthesia. Davidson and Czarnecki have reported that, at an end-tidal concentration of 1 MAC, the BIS for halothane was significantly greater than isoflurane (56.5 +/- 8.1 vs. 35.9 +/- 8.5). The explanation given is the fact that the volume concentration of the MAC value is inversely related to the BIS value. Accordingly, it is expected that the BIS value at 1 MAC of desflurane must be less than halothane and isoflurane. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a clinical cross-over, prospective, randomized double blinded study. 90 pediatric patients scheduled for below umbilical surgery, under general and caudal analgesia, were allocated into 4 study groups. The BIS values at a relatively equipotent doses of the previously mentioned agents were compared with each other in the same group and between other groups. RESULTS At a relatively equipotent doses, the mean BIS value for halothane {60.4 +/- 5.6} was significantly higher than isoflurane {45.5 +/- 9.2} and desflurane {38.5 +/- 9.2} P<0.001). Equivalent end-tidal doses of different inhalational anesthetics do not necessarily have the same effects on cortical and sub-cortical functions and consequently on EEG. CONCLUSION The use of a relatively equipotent end-tidal concentration of different inhalational agents may result in different BIS values.