Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive functioning deficits in young adult survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Abstract Purpose: To assess long-term impairments of executive functioning in adult survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Method: Participants were assessed on measures of executive functioning, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and social functioning. Survivors of BPD (n = 63; 34 males; mean age 24.2 years) were compared with groups comprising preterm (without BPD) (<1500 g; n = 45) and full-term controls (n = 63). Analysis of variance was used to explore differences among groups for outcome measures. Multiple regression analyzes were performed to identify factors predictive of long-term outcomes. Results: Significantly more BPD adults, compared with preterm and term controls, showed deficits in executive functioning relating to problem solving (OR: 5.1, CI: 1.4–19.3), awareness of behavior (OR: 12.7, CI: 1.5–106.4) and organization of their environment (OR: 13.0, CI: 1.6–107.1). Birth weight, HRQoL and social functioning were predictive of deficits in executive functioning. Conclusions: This study represents the largest sample of survivors into adulthood of BPD and is the first to show that deficits in executive functioning persist. Children with BPD should be assessed to identify cognitive impairments and allow early intervention aimed at ameliorating their effects. Implications for Rehabilitation Adults born preterm with very-low birth weight, and particularly those who develop BPD, are at increased risk of exhibiting defects in executive functioning. Clinicians and educators should be made aware of the impact that BPD can have on the long-term development of executive functions. Children and young adults identified as having BPD should be periodically monitored to identify the need for possible intervention.
Quantitative recovery of pulmonary intravascular macrophages from sheep lungs

Pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) adhere to the endothelium of lung capillaries and sequester circulating particles and pathogens from the blood. Iron oxide (γFe203) 5 mg/kg, administered intravenously, specifically labeled PIMs in situ within the living sheep. Attempts to isolate γFe203‐labeled PIMs using vascular perfusion (VP) procedures yielded few cells. To improve recovery of PIMs, a proteolytic lung digestion (PLD) procedure was developed. Following PLD, γFe203‐containing PIMs were recovered by magnets and the amount of γFe203 present measured by fluxgate magnetometry. Proteolytic lung digestion recovered 34% of the total γFe203 in lung samples and yielded 2 105 PIMs/g lung with 95% viability. In contrast, VP recovered only 3% of the total γFe203 in the lung; furthermore, less than 2% of the recovered γFe203 was cell associated. Proteolytic lung digestion followed by magnetic separation is an effective way to recover viable sheep PIMs for in vitro study. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 692–701; 1994.
Selection of soybean (Glycine max) lines for increased tolerance of N2 fixation to drying soil

Nos travaux de recherche apportent la preuve que l'activite fixatrice de N 2 peut etre potentiellement amelioree en conditions de deficit hydrique. Les ressources genetiques utilisees pour exploiter cette possibilite ont ete obtenues en developpant une approche unique de criblage de materiel genetique pour un caractere physiologique complexe. L'etude physiologique des effets du deficit hydrique sur la fixation symbiotique nous a permis d'identifier la concentration en ureides des petioles comme critere associe a la sensibilite de la fixation de N 2 , malgre un faible coefficient de correlation. Ce critere specifique nous a servi a etablir un criblage initial comme premiere etape de selection. Les lignees identifiees comme tolerantes dans cette premiere etape ont ete ensuite soumises a deux autres etapes de criblage avec une intensite et une precision plus grandes pour la quantification de la capacite fixatrice de N 2 . Nous avons finalement reussi a identifier huit lignees introduites montrant une tolerance elevee de la fixation de N 2 au deficit hydrique. Ces lignees sont actuellement utilisees pour etudier en detail les mecanismes physiologiques de la tolerance et poursuivre nos efforts d'amelioration genetique des cultivars commerciaux de soja pour augmenter le rendement en conditions de deficit hydrique.
Panniculitis during dasatinib therapy for imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia.

To the Editor: We describe two cases of panniculitis apparently caused by dasatinib. In one, management after the diagnosis of the panniculitis allowed dasatinib therapy to be continued. In the first case, a 55-year-old woman (Patient 1) presented in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and did not have a major cytogenetic response (defined by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome in <35 percent of cells in metaphase) to imatinib mesylate at a dose of 800 mg daily. She was known to have the activation-loop mutation H396R, which is associated with resistance to imatinib.1 She entered a phase .
Intralesional Cidofovir for Recurrent Laryngeal Papillomas: Preliminary Report

This is a preliminary report of an ongoing study to test the efficacy of intralesional injections of the antiviral drug cidofovir in adults with recurrent laryngeal papillomas in whom multiple other treatments have previously failed. This study has been designed to include 10 to 20 patients, a number sufficient to either prove or disprove the safety and efficacy of this agent. This report conveys information on the first three patients enrolled in the trial. Each patient received an overall dose of 5 to 10 ml of cidofovir, at a concentration of 4.17 mg/ml, intralesionally at 2- to 4-week intervals. The approximate volume injected into each wart was 0.2 to 0.5 ml. Biopsies of the lesion sites were obtained at the initiation and completion of therapy. No other treatment was given. Resolution of lesions was monitored by videolaryngoscopy and still photography 1 to 2 weeks after each treatment. In time, the lesions resolved in all three patients, although all three later experienced a minor recurrence. We conclude that intralesional cidofovir appears to be a promising new treatment for controlling—and perhaps at higher dosages curing—refractory laryngeal papillomas, while causing little or no injury to laryngeal structures.
Treatment of Acinetobacter spp. infections

Acinetobacter spp. are predominantly nosocomial pathogens of growing importance. One of their important features is antimicrobial resistance that includes β-lactams, aminoglycosides and quinolones. Imipenem, considered the most effective drug against Acinetobacter spp. , is not universally active against clinical isolates and therapeutic options are necessary. In vitro studies demonstrate the activity of β-lactamase inhibitors with direct antimicrobial activity, polymyxins, doxycycline and rifampin. Synergy of various combinations has been demonstrated in vitro. Experimental models of infection in mice and rabbits show the efficacy of rifampin and doxycycline. Colistin did not lead to good results in a mouse pneumonia model. There are no randomised, controlled studies on the treatment of Acinetobacter spp. infections. Retrospective comparative studies suggest that ampicillin-sulbactam may be comparable to imipenem in the treatment of pneumonia and bacteraemia. There are a few uncontrolled studies using ampicillin-sulbactam and one study with colistin with results that suggest that they may be acceptable options to treat multi-resistant infections.
Radio Stations and the World Wide Web

Based on a survey of 419 industry professionals responsible for maintaining radio station Web sites and a content analysis of 900 radio station Web sites, this study provides an overview of the state of Web radio in the late 1990s. This study investigates the extent of Web radio, the range of content offered on radio station Web sites, the benefits realized as a result of having a Web site, and the problems encountered with Web sites, and makes recommendations based on the findings. A general conclusion of this study is that although the Web presents a wealth of exciting possibilities, most radio broadcasters are currently underutilizing the Web and their Web sites.
MASTICATORY EFFICIENCY BETWEEN BALANCED AND LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION IN COMPLETE DENTURE WEARERS

The objective of the study was to compare the masticatory efficiency with balanced occlusion and lingualized occlusion in complete denture wearers. The study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical & Dental College, Lahore. Sixty edentulous patients were included in this study; patients were randomly divided into two groups by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 10) software. Group A was provided with dentures fabricated with bilateral balanced occlusion and Group B with lingualized occlusion. The patient’s masticatory efficiency was assessed after 2 months of denture insertion using the sieving method. Masticatory efficiency was statistically better in patients provided with complete dentures fabricated with lingualized occlusion than dentures with bilateral balanced occlusion. It was concluded patients provided with dentures fabricated with lingualized occlusal scheme were more comfortable with their dentures and were able to chew properly with ease and comfort.
Genetic parameters including the service sire effect for the sow traits stillbirth and piglet losses in Czech Large White and Landrace

Genetic parameters including the proportion of variance for the service sire effect were estimated for number of piglets stillborn (including piglets died until 24 h after birth) and number of piglets died from 24 h after birth until weaning in Czech Large White (89 231 litters) and Czech Landrace (28 320 litters) pigs. Both traits were considered to be traits of the sow. Two two-trait animal models were evaluated for each breed including or excluding the service sire effect. Estimates of genetic parameters were very similar for the two models. The herit - ability for number of stillborn piglets was 0.06 in both breeds and both models and the heritability for number of piglets died until weaning was 0.07 in Czech Large White and 0.05 to 0.06 in Czech Landrace. The proportion of variance due to service sire was very low (between 0.8 and 1.6%). Therefore, there is no need to include the service sire effect in models for genetic evaluation. A selection against farrowing losses is recommended though only a slow improvement of the trait can be expected. Selecting against piglets died until weaning seems to be cumber - some. Probably a selection on number of piglets weaned could be helpful in minimizing piglet losses until weaning.
Identification and Characterization of a Determinant (eep) on the Enterococcus faecalisChromosome That Is Involved in Production of the Peptide Sex Pheromone cAD1

ABSTRACT Plasmid-free strains of Enterococcus faecalis secrete a peptide sex pheromone, cAD1, which specifically induces a mating response by donors carrying the hemolysin plasmid pAD1 or related elements. A determinant on the E. faecalis OG1X chromosome has been found to encode a 46.5-kDa protein that plays an important role in the production of the extracellular cAD1. Wild-type E. faecalis OG1X cells harboring a plasmid chimera carrying the determinant exhibited an eightfold enhanced production of cAD1, and plasmid-free cells carrying a mutated chromosomal determinant secreted undetectable or very low amounts of the pheromone. The production of other pheromones such as cPD1, cOB1, and cCF10 was also influenced, although there was no effect on the pheromone cAM373. The determinant, designated eep (for enhanced expression of pheromone), did not include the sequence of the pheromone. Its deduced product (Eep) contains apparent membrane-spanning sequences; conceivably it is involved in processing a pheromone precursor structure or in some way regulates expression or secretion.
Semantic image segmentation using region-based object detector

Semantic image segmentation plays a central role in image understanding and could be applied in various applications. With the development of deep learning techniques, great progress has been made in recent years. However, it is still very challenging to produce accurate segmentation results especially near object boundaries. Furthermore, all the methods with top performances are contributed by pixel-level annotations which needs expensive human effort and tremendous labeling time. In this paper, we explore a simple semantic segmentation approach using region-based object detector which only needs bounding box annotations. The main idea is using object detector to classify region proposals and then applying saliency detection method to segment such classified proposals. Experimental results on PASCAL VOC 2012 validation dataset show its comparable performance with fully supervised methods by masks.
Circadian Rhythm Phase Advance with Dawn Simulation Treatment for Winter Depression

A naturalistic pattern of dawn simulation (93 min, 0.001-250 lux) delivered to sleeping patients with winter depression has clinical efficacy similar to postawakening bright light therapy. The authors tested the circadian phase-shifting capacity of the dawn signal in a placebo-controlled, randomized 3-week field trial using 4 photic or nonphotic comparators: 30-min, 10,000-lux bright light therapy; a 13-min, 250-lux light pulse at the end of sleep; and high- and low-density negative air ionization timed to match the dawn. Bright light and dawn treatments both produced average phase advances of ~30 min, while the pulse and ion exposure had minimal effect. The authors conclude that very dim, incremental levels of light at the end of the night, with a dominant red component through eyelid filtering, facilitate circadian rhythm phase advances, possibly in conjunction with room light after awakening.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Action of Etodolac in Patients after Oral Surgery

The objective of this double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of etodolac and the pharmacodynamic response of pain in patients following oral surgery who had received 200 or 400 mg of etodolac immediate release (IR), 400 or 1200 mg of etodolac extended release (ER), or a placebo. Etodolac concentrations in 441 plasma samples from 187 patients were analyzed for population pharmacokinetics using the NONMEM program. A one‐compartment pharmacokinetic model with first‐order absorption described the observed data. For etodolac IR, the population mean (%CV) estimates were 3.01 L/h (5.3%) for clearance, 13.6 L (6.8%) for volume of distribution, and 2.31 h−1 (33%) for ka. Respective values for etodolac ER were 3.68 L/h (11%) for clearance, 24.3 L (22%) for volume of distribution, and 0.172 h−1 (24%) for ka. These values generally agreed with previously reported values in healthy adults. Pharmacodynamic assessments included collection of a four‐level categorical rating of pain intensity for up to 24 hours after treatment. Pain intensity difference scores were temporally related to etodolac concentrations and were described using an indirect response model. Mean (%CV) pharmacodynamic parameters were IC50 of 14.0 mg/L (9.5%), kout of 1.62 h−1 (13%), FR of 0.56 (8.2%), and Hill coefficients that ranged from 1.26 to 3.34 units. A single 1200 mg dose of etodolac ER given once daily was shown to provide substantial efficacy for 13 hours after dose, modest effect through 24 hours, and a more sustained duration of action than the IR dosage form.
The Use of the Ponseti Method to Treat Clubfeet Associated With Congenital Annular Band Syndrome

Background: A clubfoot deformity may be associated with congenital annular band syndrome (CABS), and has, until recently, been thought to be resistant to nonoperative management. The purpose of this report was to describe the use of the Ponseti method in the treatment of 5 patients whose clubfeet were associated with this syndrome. Methods: All patients with a diagnosis of clubfoot, who were treated at the Orthopaedic Hospital Clubfoot Clinic, over a period of 4 years, were reviewed. During that period, a total of 131 infants with 194 clubfeet were treated. We identified 5 infants (3.8%) with 6 clubfeet associated with CABS. The patients were managed using the Ponseti method. One of the patients, with a contralateral amputation of the limb opposite to the side with a clubfoot, required the use of a unilateral foot abduction orthosis rather than a conventional foot abduction orthosis. The outcomes evaluated included: the number of casts needed to obtain correction, the percentage of patients requiring a tendo-Achilles tenotomy, the number of relapses, and the need for additional secondary procedures. Results: The mean age at presentation for the 5 patients was 6.2 weeks. Four of the clubfeet had an ipsilateral band and 2 did not. None of the patients had a neurological deficit distal to a band. The mean number of casts used to correct the deformity was 6, and a percutaneous tendo-Achilles tenotomy was done in all cases. All of the feet achieved initial correction. Four patients (5 feet) experienced a relapse attributed to failure to use the postcorrective brace as prescribed. Correction of the foot in 3 of these patients was regained and maintained by another series of manipulation and cast application followed by resumption of bracing. One patient underwent an anterior tibial tendon transfer. The patients were followed for an average of 32.6 months (21 to 49 mo). All feet were supple and plantigrade at latest follow-up evaluation. Conclusions: The Ponseti method may be successfully applied to clubfeet associated with CABS. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
High Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Rates in Peruvian Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Is It a Matter of Asian Ancestry?

In a recent article, Lopez-Chavez et al reported a high mutational rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in Peruvian patients (37%) that is higher than inother LatinAmericancountries such as Mexico, Bolivia, Venezuela, and in a mixture of Latinos in theUnited States. Highmutational rates of theEGFRgene inPeruvianpatientswerereported previously in independent cohorts. Mas et al reported a frequency of 39.3% (n5 122), andArrieta et al reported a frequency of 51.1% (n 5 393). Although the frequency ofEGFRmutations in Peruvianpatients ishigher thanother reports, these rates could be explained by environmental factors.
Abnormal routine pre-operative test results and their impact on anaesthetic management: An observational study

Background and Aims: One of the reasons for continued routine pre-operative testing practice is the identification of hidden problems which may affect perioperative management. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of abnormal test results, their impact on perioperative management and cost-effectiveness for detecting such abnormalities. Methods: This observational study was conducted by screening the files of the patients attending pre-anaesthetic check-up during December 2016–January 2017. Patients' physical status, surgery grade, normal and abnormal test results and different impacts were noted and expressed in absolute numbers/percentage. Number needed to investigate (NNI) to detect a significant abnormality was calculated. Results: Data of 414 patients (46.3% male) with mean ± standard deviation age 43.78 ± 17.24 years and 58.65 ± 12.93 kg weight were analysed. Patients were mostly American Society of Anesthesiologists II and underwent National Institute of Clinical and Health Excellence Grade 3 surgeries. Totally, 345 (11.6%) test results were abnormal. Only 56 (16.2%) abnormalities had an impact in terms of referral, further investigations or delay. Twenty were significant in terms of changing perioperative anaesthetic management. Laboratory abnormalities with non-significant impact resulted in median delay of 3 days (range 1 to 12 days). The NNI for a significant impact and detecting new abnormality was 21 and 28, respectively. Conclusion: Majority (57.2%) of the patients had at least one abnormal routine test result but only 1.8% abnormalities had significant impact. The NNI to find a significant impact or hidden comorbidity was more than 20.
Dairy farm investigation on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Kolkata, India with emphasis on molecular characterization

An investigation was conducted to determine the distribution, virulence gene profile and phenotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains within a dairy farm in Kolkata, India by characterizing the STEC strains isolated from healthy dairy cow and calf stool samples, raw milk and farm floor swabs from July 2001 to March 2002. Primary screening by multiplex-PCR detected stx1 and stx2, the common virulence genes of STEC, in 18·9% of cow faeces, 32·4% of calf stool samples, 21·6% of farm floor swabs and 4·5% of raw milk samples and viable STEC were recovered from 4·5, 9·9, 8·1 and 1·8% of the corresponding PCR-positive samples. Strains harbouring stx1 (63·3%) and hlyA (53·3%) were frequently detected compared to eae (13·3%). Most of the strains harboured similar sets of reported virulence genes common among isolates from diarrhoea patients. Most of the strains also exhibited multidrug resistance, sorbitol fermentation and produced enterohaemolysin. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA–PCR (RAPD–PCR) profile of the STEC strains isolated from the farm milieu revealed diverse banding patterns and clonal analysis demonstrated that the strains from different sources were not identical but showed some genetic relatedness. The study demonstrates the potential of dairy farm for housing virulent STEC.
Testosterone amplifies excitotoxic damage of cultured oligodendrocytes

An overactivation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate (AMPA)/kainate receptors has been implicated in the pathophysiology of oligodendrocyte damage in demyelinating disorders of the CNS. We decided to examine the effect of testosterone on excitotoxic death of oligodendrocytes because a gender difference exists in the incidence and disease course of multiple sclerosis. Short‐term pure cultures of oligodendrocytes (4 days in vitro) were exposed to a brief pulse with kainate or AMPA + cyclothiazide for the induction of excitotoxicity. Exposure to testosterone enantate was slightly toxic per se and amplified both AMPA and kainate toxicity. Testosterone treatment induced all gene targets of p53, and amplified the induction of these genes induced by kainate. The effect of testosterone was mediated by the activation of androgen receptors and was resistant to the aromatase inhibitors, dl‐aminoglutethimide and 4‐hydroxyandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione. Testosterone treatment also potentiated the stimulation of 45Ca2+ influx induced by AMPA + cyclothiazide or kainate without changing the expression of the glutamate receptor (GluR) 1, ‐2/3, and ‐4 subunits of AMPA receptors or the GluR6/7 subunits of kainate receptors. We conclude that testosterone amplifies excitotoxic damage of oligodendrocytes acting at an early step of the death cascade triggered by AMPA/kainate receptors.
Social Capital and Violence across Racial and Ethnic Samples of Adolescents

Using a national sample of adolescents, results of this study demonstrate the important role family and school social capital plays in protecting both White and selected nonWhite students against violent outcomes. For example, parent-child relationship was associated with reduced violence for Black and White adolescents but not for Hispanics. School affi liation was signifi cant in models for Hispanic and White adolescents but not in models for Black students. Sports participation was associated with greater violence among Hispanics and Whites, but not Blacks. Interestingly, club participation was signifi cant for Whites, but, like sports, it was associated with greater violence. Parental monitoring and religious participation were signifi cant only for Whites while neighbor involvement was signifi cant only for Blacks.