Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mismanagement, “Jumpers,” and Morality: Covertly Concealed Managerial Ignorance and Immoral Careerism in Industrial Organizations

Managers’ jeopardizing authority by ignorance-exposing vulnerable involvement in practitioners’ deliberations is a high-moral trust-creating practice which also enables change by learning job-essential local tacit know-how. Outsider ‘jumper’ executives suffer larger gaps of local know-how than insiders; these gaps encourage covertly concealing managerial ignorance (hereafter: CCMI) which leaves executives job-incompetent and they often practice immoral careerism (Im-C), using subterfuges which engender distrust and conservatism-prone local cultures that fail change efforts. A longitudinal semi-native ethnography of five inter-kibbutz automatic cotton gin plants and their parent co-operatives made by managerially experienced and educated anthropologist untangled these processes. Some 75% of ‘jumper’ executives studied combined CCMI and ImC and failed change leaders, practicing CCMI by either detachment from practitioners’ deliberations or by seductive-coercive autocracy, generating vicious distrust and ignorance cycles and remaining incompetent. Their Im-C subterfuges generated distrust, secrecy and concealed/camouflaged mistakes and failures which failed change and innovation efforts. They survived in jobs and furthered managerial careers by ‘riding’ on successes of vulnerablyinvolved employees-trusted mid-levellers none of which was rewarded by promotion to executive jobs. Only a few high-moral vulnerably-involved ignorance-exposing and trustcreating ‘jumper’ executives learned practitioners’ know-how, enhanced changes and innovations that led their plants to excel. The findings suggest that ‘jumper’ executives’ tendency to combine CCMI and Im-C threaten knowledge-based organisations’ capability to change and innovate.
Idiopathic Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm or Ventricular Tachycardia Originating From the Right Bundle Branch: Unusual Type of Ventricular Arrhythmia

Background—Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating from the right bundle branch (RBB) is rare and published clinical data on such arrhythmia are scarce. In this study, we will describe the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of a cohort of patients with this novel arrhythmia. Methods and Results—Eight patients (5 men; median age, 25 years) with RBB-AIVR/VT were consecutively enrolled in the study. Pharmacological testing, exercise treadmill testing, electrophysiological study, and catheter ablation were performed in the study patients, and ECG features were characterized. All RBB-AIVR/VTs were of typical left bundle-branch block morphology with atrioventricular dissociation. The arrhythmias, which demonstrated chronotropic variability, were often isorhythmic with sinus rhythm and were accelerated by physical exercise, stress, and intravenous isoprenaline infusion. The rate of RBB-AIVR/VT varied from 45 to 200 beats per minute. Two patients experienced syncope, and 3 had impaired left ventricular function. Metoprolol was proven to be the most effective drug to decelerate the arrhythmia rate and relieve symptoms. Electrophysiology study was performed in 5 patients and the earliest activation with a sharp RBB potential was localized in the mid or distal RBB area. Catheter ablation terminated the arrhythmia with subsequent RBB block morphology during sinus rhythm. During follow-up, patients’ symptoms were controlled with normalization of left ventricular function either on metoprolol or by catheter ablation. Conclusions—RBB-AIVR/VT is an unusual type of ventricular arrhythmia. It can result in significant symptoms and depressed ventricular function and can be successfully treated with catheter ablation.
Life history evolution and genome size in subtribe Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Within Oncidiinae, there are several groups of species that are effectively annuals, and we wished to see if these species had smaller genome sizes than average for the subtribe. METHODS Fifty-four genome size estimates (50 of which are new) for species in subtribe Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) were examined for the first time in a phylogenetic context to evaluate hypotheses concerning genome sizes and life history traits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of still relatively sparse sampling, the species that are effectively annuals do appear to have smaller genome sizes than average. However, the genome sizes of their immediate sister group are also small, indicating that changes in genome size preceded the change in life history traits. Genome sizes and chromosome numbers also do not correlate; some slowly growing species have lower chromosome numbers but large genomes and vice versa. Based on a survey of the literature on orchids, it is also clear that epiphytic species have smaller genome sizes than do terrestrial species, which could be an effect of different water relations or the fact that most terrestrial orchids are geophytic or have distinct growth and dormancy phases.
Effects of Phosphorylation of Threonine 160 on Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 Structure and Activity*

We have prepared phosphorylated cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK2) for crystallization using the CDK-activating kinase 1 (CAK1) fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae and have grown crystals using microseeding techniques. Phosphorylation of monomeric human CDK2 by CAK1 is more efficient than phosphorylation of the binary CDK2-cyclin A complex. Phosphorylated CDK2 exhibits histone H1 kinase activity corresponding to approximately 0.3% of that observed with the fully activated phosphorylated CDK2-cyclin A complex. Fluorescence measurements have shown that Thr160 phosphorylation increases the affinity of CDK2 for both histone substrate and ATP and decreases its affinity for ADP. By contrast, phosphorylation of CDK2 has a negligible effect on the affinity for cyclin A. The crystal structures of the ATP-bound forms of phosphorylated CDK2 and unphosphorylated CDK2 have been solved at 2.1-Å resolution. The structures are similar, with the major difference occurring in the activation segment, which is disordered in phosphorylated CDK2. The greater mobility of the activation segment in phosphorylated CDK2 and the absence of spontaneous crystallization suggest that phosphorylated CDK2 may adopt several different mobile states. The majority of these states are likely to correspond to inactive conformations, but a small fraction of phosphorylated CDK2 may be in an active conformation and hence explain the basal activity observed.
Impact of NPR-A expression in gastric cancer cells.

BACKGROUND The receptors for the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), have been reported to be expressed in lung cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer. NPR-A expression and signaling is important for tumor growth, its deficiency protect C57BL/6 mice from lung, skin, and ovarian cancers, and these result suggest that NPR-A is a new target for cancer therapy. Recently, NPR-A has been demonstrated to be expressed in pre-implantation embryos and in ES cells, it has a novel role in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of ES cells. However, the direct role of NPR-A signaling in gastric cancer remains unclear. METHOD NPR-A expression was downregulated by transfection of shRNA. The proliferation of gastric cancer cells was measured by Hoechst 33342 stain. Cell proliferation and invasion were determined via BrdU and transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS Down-regulation of NPR-A expression by shNPR-A induced apoptosis, inhibited proliferation and invasion in AGS cells. The mechanism of shNPR-A-induced anti-AGS effects was linked to NPR-A-induced expression of KCNQ1, a gene to be overexpressed in AGS and significantly reduced by shNPR-A. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results suggest that NPR-A promotes gastric cancer development in part by regulating KCNQ1. Our findings also suggest that NPR-A is a target for gastric cancer therapy.
KEUANGAN PUBLIK PERSPEKTIF IMAM AL-MĀWARDĪ DALAM KITAB AL-AHKÃM AS- SULṬÃNIYYAH WA AL-WILAYĀT AD-DINIYAH

This paper generally discusses Imam al-Māwardī's economic thinking especially on public finance. The background is that basically the government has responsible for citizen welfare materially and spiritually. To be able to realize this, the government is given the mandate to manage public finances starting from finding sources of funds and how to allocate these funds to achieve the goal of the state. In that case Imam al-Māwardī through his book al-Ahkām as-Sulṭāniyyah Wa al-region ad-Diniyah described the problem. Therefore through this article the author attempts to uncover two things, first, analyzing the role of Bait al-Mal in managing the second state finances analyzing fiscal policy. This research is a study of Imam al-Māwardī's thinking which is entirely a research of the library reseach. The technique for analyzing data uses descriptive analytical methods using the content analysis approach. From the results of this study it can be concluded 1. That Bait al-Māl in managing state finances as the executor of fiscal policy in terms of the Bait al-Māl allocation must be able to optimize income sources and as a distribution of wich is spent based on the Shari'ah guidelines and based on benefits. 2. Fiscal policy in the view of al-Māwardī aims to deliver the real welfare to the happiness of the world at the end. Keywords: Public Finance, Fiscal Policy, Bait Al-Mal
Risk factors for intrapartum acidemia – a cohort study

Abstract Purpose: Birth acidemia is associated with short- and long-term morbidity in the child. Optimal intrapartum surveillance and timely interventions may reduce the incidence of these outcomes. Knowledge about conditions which increase the risks might be beneficial for optimal care. The aim with this study was to identify factors which increased the risk for lactacidemia in fetal scalp blood. Materials and methods: A secondary analysis of a cohort study performed at Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden between February 2009 and February 2011. The study population included 1070 women in labor where fetal scalp blood sampling (FBS) was performed. Results: In a univariate logistic regression analysis for lactate >4.8 mmol/L at FBS, minor language barriers (OR 2.54; 95%CI 1.26–5.11), active bearing down (OR 2.46; 95%CI 1.12–5.39) and maternal height <155 cm (OR 2.15; 95%CI 1.08–4.26) were found as risk factors. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, minor language barriers (OR 2.21; 95%CI 1.05–4.67) and active pushing (OR 2.68; 95%CI 1.20–6.00) remained significant. Conclusions: Language barriers, active pushing and short stature were found to be significant risk factors for intrapartum lactacidemia. In the group with minor language problems better use of interpreters might be beneficial.
Permeability of blood–brain barrier in macaque model of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced Parkinson disease

Brain bioavailability of drugs developed to address central nervous system diseases is classically documented through cerebrospinal fluid collected in normal animals, i.e., through an approximation as there are fundamental differences between cerebrospinal fluid and tissue contents. The fact that disease might affect brain availability of drugs is almost never considered at this stage although several conditions are associated with blood–brain barrier damage. Building upon our expertise in Parkinson's disease translational research, the present study addressed this gap comparing plasma and cerebrospinal fluid bioavailability of l−3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, carbamazepine, quinidine, lovastatin, and simvastatin, in healthy and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐treated macaques, the gold standard model of Parkinson's disease. The drugs were selected based upon their differential transport across the blood–brain barrier. Interestingly, brain bioavailability of quinidine was decreased while others were unaffected. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics experiments of drugs addressing Parkinson's disease might thus be performed in healthy animals unless the drugs are known to interact with the organic cation transporter. Synapse 70:231–239, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Loudness Imbalance between Electrodes in Cochlear Implant Users

Objective: The aim was to determine the effect of loudness imbalance between electrodes in patients using the 22‐electrode cochlear implant (Cochlear Pty Ltd). It was hypothesized that speech perception scores would be greater when the loudness of electrodes was balanced at the comfort (C) levels than when the C levels were unbalanced. Design: Ten adult patients received a monosyllabic word test (CNC words) in quiet and a sentence test (CUNY sentences) in noise under two conditions: with C levels balanced for equal loudness and with unbalanced C levels. Results: When the C levels across electrodes were pseudo‐randomly unbalanced by 0 to ±20% of the electrodes' dynamic ranges (20% unbalancing), 6 of the 10 subjects showed a significant drop in sentence perception scores. Of these patients, none had a significant decrease in perception when the degree of unbalancing was halved. Of the four patients who showed no change with 20% unbalancing, three revealed a significant decline in sentence perception when the degree of unbalancing was doubled. There also were significant group effects for phonemes on the word test as well as for sentences in noise for the 20% unbalancing. Conclusions: The implications for clinical practice are that it is important to balance the C levels and that clinicians should be encouraged to refine methods for setting C levels in very young children, who may be using unbalanced MAPs. Nevertheless, although most patients revealed a statistically significant drop in sentence perception with 20% imbalance of the C levels, the changes in percentage scores often were only small.
HIV gp41‐induced apoptosis is mediated by caspase‐3‐dependent mitochondrial depolarization, which is inhibited by HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir

Apoptotic loss of CD4+ T cells has been proposed as a mechanism of T cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections resulting in immunodeficiency. The Env glycoprotein has been implicated in apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells via gp120 binding to CD4/CXC chemokine receptor 4 as well as the fusion/hemifusion process mediated by gp41. Using an in vitro model of coculture of Env‐expressing cells as effectors and CD4+ T cells as targets, we find that apoptosis mediated by Env glycoprotein in bystander cells in fact correlates with gp41‐induced hemifusion. Further, the apoptotic pathway initiated by this interaction involves caspase‐3‐dependent mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species production. HIV gp41‐induced mitochondrial depolarization is inhibited by protease inhibitor nelfinavir but not by other HIV protease inhibitors or inhibitors of calpain and cathepsin. This “kiss of death” (hemifusion) signaling pathway is independent of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and p53, making it distinct from the apoptosis seen in syncytia. We also show that virion‐induced apoptosis is gp41‐dependent. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism via which HIV gp41 mediates apoptosis in bystander cells.
Results of radical radiotherapy for recurrent endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine the overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) achieved in patients developing a locoregional recurrence of endometrial carcinoma and to define those prognostic factors that predict for improved LC and OS. METHODS Between 1984 and 1988, 958 women were referred to Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) with a diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. Of these, 58 were treated for recurrent disease with radical radiotherapy (RT). Forty-two were referred with recurrence and 16 relapsed during follow-up at PMH for their primary tumor. None had received prior RT. The majority (n = 49) were treated with combined external beam RT followed by an intracavitary cesium insertion. RESULTS The median time to relapse from original diagnosis was 1.3 years (range 0.2-13.4 years). The actuarial 5- and 10-year OS was 53 and 41%, respectively. The respective results for LC were 65 and 62%. All end-points were measured from the time of relapse. The median total dose received was 81.5 Gy. Univariate analysis showed that favorable histological features at original diagnosis (<50% myometrial involvement, grade 1-2, P = 0.007) and Perez modified staging (P = 0.02) were significant predictors for OS. The Perez staging (P = 0.02) and size of recurrence (<2 cm versus >/=2 cm, P = 0.04) were predictors for LC. CONCLUSION Patients with localized relapse of endometrial carcinoma in whom radical radiotherapy can be administered should be treated aggressively and may be cured in over half the cases treated. Pathological findings in the original surgical specimen, size of recurrent disease, and a modified vaginal carcinoma staging system are significant predictors of local pelvic control and survival.
Predictors of unintended pregnancy in women with epilepsy

Objective: To determine whether rates of unintended pregnancy in women with epilepsy (WWE) vary by contraceptive category and when stratified by antiepileptic drug (AED) category. Methods: These retrospective data come from the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (EBCR) web-based survey of 1,144 WWE in the community, 18–47 years of age, who provided demographic, epilepsy, AED, contraceptive, and pregnancy data. Participants indicated whether pregnancies were intended or unintended, as well as the type of contraceptive and AED used at conception. We report failure rates relative to the frequency of use of each contraceptive category in the EBCR. Results: Most WWE (78.9%) reported having at least one unintended pregnancy; 65.0% of their pregnancies were unintended. Unintended pregnancy was more common among younger, racial minority, and Hispanic WWE. Among reversible contraceptive categories, the intrauterine device had the lowest failure rate. Failure rates varied greatly on systemic hormonal contraception (HC), depending on whether oral or nonoral forms were used and especially in relation to the category of AED with which HC was combined. Oral forms had greater failure rate than nonoral forms. HC combined with enzyme-inducing AEDs had a substantially greater failure rate than HC combined with no AED or any other AED category and in comparison to barrier plus any AED category. Other AED–HC combinations, in contrast, carried lower risks than barrier. Conclusions: Unintended pregnancy is common among WWE and may vary by contraceptive category and AED stratification. In view of the important consequences of unintended pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes, these retrospective findings warrant further prospective investigation.
Responses of marine planktonic protists to amino acids: feeding inhibition and swimming behavior in the ciliate Favella sp.

Feeding rates of the tintinnid Favella sp. on the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra were inhibited by a number of dissolved free amino acids (DFAAs), with inhibition inversely proportional to the size of the amino acid side chain. The most inhibitory compounds (valine, cysteine, proline, alanine, and ser- ine) reduced feeding to <20% of the control rate at a concentration of 20 µM. Inhibition was dose-depen- dent, with a threshold of ca. 200 nM for proline, and did not depend on ciliate feeding history (well-fed ver- sus starved). Inhibition occurred rapidly (<5 min after exposure) and was partially reversible upon removal of DFAAs. Detailed analysis of swimming did not reveal consistent changes in Favella sp. behavior upon exposure to inhibitory amino acids. In contrast to Favella sp. , the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyro- dinium dominans showed no feeding response to 20 µM DFAAs, while the tintinnid Coxliella sp. exhib- ited reduced feeding (to approximately 50% of control rates) in response to a subset of the amino acids active in Favella sp. Our findings, along with the prevalence of some inhibitory compounds at nM concentrations in natural waters, point to a signaling function for these amino acids. Feeding deterrence in Favella sp. is, however, contrary to the typical attractant or stimula- tory role of DFAAs, which has been documented for organisms ranging from bacteria to metazoans. The information content of the signal remains unclear but may be related to detection of prey quality during sus- pension feeding by Favella sp.
In-Depth Induction Heating of Large Steel Slabs by Means of a DC Saturating Field Produced by Superconducting Coils

The feasibility of an innovative in-depth AC induction heating method for large steel slabs is investigated. Aside from the AC field, which induces the heating currents, a large DC magnetic field is also applied, which brings the material to saturation. Due to saturation, permeability is reduced by orders of magnitude and the penetration depth is drastically increased, thus enabling much faster and more uniform heating. In order to produce the field needed for the saturation of common steel workpieces, lossless DC superconducting magnets need to be employed. A possible layout of an AC induction heater employing magnetic saturation (saturated AC induction heater) is discussed. The conceptual design of the superconducting magnet needed is carried out based on present state-of-the-art superconducting materials. The performance of the saturated AC induction heater is numerically investigated and compared with the case without magnetic saturation.
Endogenous Timing and Income Inequality in the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods: Theory and Experiment

This study theoretically and experimentally investigates the effects of income inequality on donors' decisions regarding timing choices and contributions to public goods when contribution timing is endogenously chosen by contributors. To this end, we use the conventional voluntary provision models of Warr (1983) and Bergstrom, Blume and Varian (1986), with Cobb–Douglas preferences augmented with a two‐stage game of Hamilton and Slutsky (1990). The following results were obtained and experimentally confirmed. First, when the distribution of income is extremely unequal, donors are indifferent between the simultaneous and sequential moves in the contribution game. Second, as income inequality is decreased, the simultaneous‐move contribution game is likely to emerge because every donor prefers to act as a leader. Nevertheless, a higher‐income donor may also prefer to act as a follower without specific social preferences and uncertainty regarding the quality of public goods. Third, most theoretical predictions regarding timing decisions are supported in our laboratory experiment, provided that the participants had enough time to learn the consequences of their timing choices.