Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance and social disclosure: a comparative study of listed hospitality industries in South East Asia

This research aims to examine the social disclosure in South East Asia hospitality companies, and the relationship between corporate governance and its social disclosure. Corporate governance are identified from board of commissioner size, proportion of independent commissioner, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership. Company's social disclosure are measured using the GRI 3.1. This research uses secondary data from hospitality companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), Bursa Malaysia, and The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) in 2012-2014. The sample are 38 hospitality companies that generated using purposive sampling method. This research employs ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. The result of ANOVA shows that there are differences among social disclosure in South East Asia. The multiple regression analysis result shows that the size of board of commissioner, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership have positive impact on social disclosure. Proportion of independent commissioner has no significant effect on social disclosure.
Long‐Run Determinants and Misalignments of the Real Effective Exchange Rate in the EU

This paper explores the role of fundamentals, included in the transfer effect theory, in explaining medium/long&#8208;run movements in the real effective exchange rates in the EU over the period 1994&#8211;2012, together with an analysis of the misalignments. We use heterogeneous, cointegrated panel frameworks in static and a dynamic setup. We find that the coefficients of the determinants are extremely different across groups and the transfer theory does not always hold. The core countries have been undervalued for almost the whole period; the periphery has experienced high rates. The misalignments in the CEECs are still wide and reflect the catching&#8208;up process.
Management of unanticipated difficult intubation: a survey of current practice in the Oxford region

Background and objective: Unanticipated difficulty in tracheal intubation in an anaesthetized patient has always been a cause of concern to anaesthesiologists. This difficulty may lead to morbidity and mortality. This survey was carried out to determine the technique commonly favoured in centres in the Oxford region in the UK for the management of unanticipated difficult intubation. Methods: We conducted a clinical scenario-based questionnaire survey of 181 anaesthesiologists in the Oxford region. In this scenario, difficulty in endotracheal intubation is recognized only after induction of anaesthesia. A number of options were available to deal with this situation. We used this scenario as a tool to gain insight into the training and the training needs of anaesthesiologists at various levels of training. Results: Of the 181 questionnaires sent, we received 143 (79%) completed replies. The vast majority (141/143 (99%)) of anaesthesiologists would use a gum-elastic bougie together with head and neck positioning and optimal external laryngeal manipulation to gain the best attempt at intubation. If intubation still failed, overall 129/143 (90%) had a back-up plan, while 14/143 (10%) had no plan. Flexible fibreoptic techniques were more commonly planned by 92/143 (64%) anaesthesiologists compared to blind techniques which were less commonly planned by 37/143 (26%) anaesthesiologists. Differences in choice of technique among anaesthesiologists in teaching and district general hospitals were not significant (P = 0.87). Overall, trainees were less likely to choose fibreoptic techniques compared to consultants (P = 0.0009) and would use blind techniques or ask a more experienced colleague to take over. The main reason for the choice was previous experience with the technique. Conclusions: Although fibreoptic techniques were most commonly planned, these were less often chosen by trainees than consultants due to lack of experience/training, while unavailability of intubating laryngeal mask airway (Intavent®) was an additional issue precluding its use as an adjunct to intubation.
Industrial Clusters and Economic Resilience: The Case of Ranipet in Tamil Nadu (India)

espanolAlgunos estudios recientes sobre la urbanizacion en India que se refieren a la teoria de Ananya Roy, poniendo la focal en la informalizacion, la imposibilidad de gobernanza, entre otros, han vuelto a centrarse en la periferizacion de la industria (Coelho et Vijayabaskar, 2014) que mantiene las pequenas ciudades industriales en bajos niveles de dinamismo economico y de bienestar social. A diferencia de estas perspectivas, este articulo enfoca la resiliencia de una pequena ciudad industrial (Ranipet – Tamil Nadu), bien integrada en redes mundiales desde la epoca colonial. Ello se vincula con el marco de la urbanizacion subalterna, que implica un fuerte compromiso por parte de los actores locales (capital social, familias empresariales, obreras), a pesar de los circuitos globales de capitales. EnglishSome recent studies on urbanisation in India referring to Ananya Roy’s theory, focused on informalisation and the impossibility of governance, have put the spotlight back on the peripheralisation of industry (Coelho and Vijayabaskar, 2014), keeping small industrial towns at low levels of dynamism and social welfare. In contrast to those approaches, this paper examines the resilience of a small industrial town (Ranipet – Tamil Nadu), which has been well integrated in global networks since colonial times. It resonates with the framework of subaltern urbanisation [1] (Denis and Zerah, 2017) involving the strong agency of local actors (social capital, business families, and women workers) in spite of global circuits of capital. francaisCertaines etudes recentes sur l’urbanisation en Inde se referant a la theorie de Ananya Roy, centree sur l’informalisation, l’impossibilite de gouvernance et autres, ont remis l’accent sur la « peripherisation » de l’industrie (Coelho et Vijayabaskar, 2014) qui maintient les petites villes industrielles a des niveaux bas de dynamisme economique et de bien-etre social. Cet article s’interesse au contraire a la resilience d’une petite ville industrielle (Ranipet – Tamil Nadu) bien integree dans les reseaux mondiaux depuis l’epoque coloniale. Cela fait reference au cadre de l’« urbanisation subalterne » impliquant une forte participation des acteurs locaux (capital social, familles d’affaires, ouvrieres) malgre les circuits globaux du capital.
Isolation and Characterization of Primary Rat Valve Interstitial Cells: A New Model to Study Aortic Valve Calcification

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by the progressive thickening of the aortic valve leaflets. It is a condition frequently found in the elderly and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, who commonly suffer from hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia. At present, there are no medication therapies that can stop its progression. The mechanisms that underlie this pathological process remain unclear. The aortic valve leaflet is composed of a thin layer of valve endothelial cells (VECs) on the outer surfaces of the aortic cusps, with valve interstitial cells (VICs) sandwiched between the VECs. The use of a rat model enables the in vitro study of ectopic calcification based on the in vivo physiopathological serum phosphate (Pi) and calcium (Ca) levels of patients who suffer from hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia. The described protocol details the isolation of a pure rat VIC population as shown by the expression of VIC markers: alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) vimentin and tissue growth factor beta (TGFβ) 1 and 2, and the absence of cluster of differentiation (CD) 31, a VEC marker. By expanding these VICs, biochemical, genetic, and imaging studies can be performed to study and unravel the key mediators underpinning CAVD.
Idiotypic Vaccination: Immunoprotection Mediated by Anti‐idiotypic Antibodies with Antibiotic Activity

Anti‐Id antibodies were raised in mice against a monoclonal antibody (MoAb KT4) that neutralized the in vitro activity of a Pichia anomala yeast killer toxin. Monoclonal antibody was administered to BALB/C syngeneic mice with different schedules of immunization before intravenous challenge with increasing amounts of yeast killer toxin‐sensitive Candida alhicans cells. The course of candidosis was studied in comparison with mice non‐immunized and immunized with an isotypc‐matched unrelated MoAb subdivided into control groups. Protection was reflected by statistically significant increases in survival rate of mice immunized with MoAb KT4 which showed variable serum levels of yeast killer toxin‐like anti‐Id antibodies. MoAb KT4 affinity chromatography purified mouse anti‐Id antibodies were capable of killing in vitro the yeast ceils of the Candida albicans strain used for the experimental infection.
Toilets for tenants: a cooperative approach to sanitation bye-law enforcement in Ga West, Accra

Many cities have bye-laws that require landlords to provide acceptable sanitation for tenants. Yet landlords fail to provide these facilities and the bye-laws are seldom enforced. This paper provides evidence from low-income urban communities in the Ga West Municipality of Accra, Ghana on the barriers to both toilet provision and bye-law enforcement, drawing on household surveys with landlords and tenants, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The key constraints to household toilet construction were found to be the lack of capital, limited space, and availability of nearby public toilets. Barriers to bye-law enforcement included the lack of both financial resources and incentives for the regulator. A simple negotiation game involving landlords, tenants and the regulator was organized, and the agreements reached were used to design a cooperative approach to bye-law enforcement for toilet construction.
Diffusion tensor imaging in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a review

Purpose of reviewTo provide a comprehensive review of diffusion tensor imaging in evaluating microstructural changes in the spectrum of cognitive decline from ageing to Alzheimer's disease, in particular focusing on mild cognitive impairment. Recent findingsMild cognitive impairment represents a transition phase between normal ageing and early Alzheimer's disease. Diffusion tensor imaging has emerged as a useful imaging modality that provides information about the structural integrity of tissue. In healthy ageing, diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities occur in the frontal regions, specifically the frontal white matter, anterior cingulum and the genu of the corpus callosum. Some studies report an anterior–posterior gradient change with greater abnormalities in the genu than the splenium of the corpus callosum and in the frontal than parietal white matter. In Alzheimer's disease, diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities are concentrated in the posterior regions: the parahippocampal gyrus, temporal white matter, splenium of corpus callosum and posterior cingulum. In mild cognitive impairment, changes seem to parallel those in Alzheimer's disease, with similar posterior regions showing abnormalities. SummaryDue to the similarities in diffusion tensor imaging findings in both mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, it is likely that diffusion tensor imaging has the potential to emerge as a useful clinical tool for early detection and monitoring of disease progression and treatment response in mild cognitive impairment/Alzheimer's disease patients.
National Fiscal Stimulus Packages And Consolidation Strategies In A Monetary Union

We present a two-country New Open Economy Macroeconomics model of a currency union featuring an overlapping generations structure of the Blanchard (1985)-Yaari (1965) type as well as monopolistic frictions and staggered adjustment in the goods and labor market. We allow for public investment and distortionary taxation. We study the effects of fiscal policy measures such as public spending, tax cuts targeted to households and public investment as suggested by the European Commission (2008). In particular, we explore the effects of fiscal policy as a function of the financing decision of the implementing government. We find that the impact of fiscal measures on national variables as well as the spillovers depend on the assumed degree of household myopia and again, the financing decision of the government. However, the introduction of a complex fiscal sector which enables the government to choose between alternative financing schemes is an important determinant of the effects of fiscal expansions on key macroeconomic variables such as, output and consumptions. Thus, modeling a complex fiscal sector on both sides of the budgets is crucial for the results and therefore the effectiveness of fiscal stimulus packages.
Leadership in inclusive special education : a qualitative exploration of the SENCO role in post-primary schools in Ireland

This research considers approaches to leadership and management in inclusive and special education in six mainstream post-primary schools in Ireland. It specifically explores the role of the Special Educational Needs Coordinator (SENCO), the teacher with responsibility for the day-to-day implementation of policies relating to the inclusion of learners with SEN from the perspectives of six SENCOs and their Principals. The SENCO role is a recent phenomenon in Irish schools and while much is known of the role internationally, Irish SENCOs tend to operate in a policy vacuum. An interpretivist paradigmatic approach braids together individual and contextualised stories through qualitative research. Data were generated primarily from individual semi-structured interviews with five SENCOs, five Principals, one Principal SENCO and one Support Teacher. Findings reveal that SENCOs and their Principals were profoundly committed and personally invested in supporting students with SEN. While this study set out to explore factors influencing the ways in which schools led and managed inclusive special education, what it found was that the inherent relational nature of the SENCO role both supported and challenged SENCOs in equal measure. Human interaction in all its messiness enveloped the SENCO role in layers of complexity, which, when peeled back, identified at the core the inextricable link between SENCOs’ unwavering duty of care to students and the burden such commitment placed on their professional and personal lives. Furthermore, school context is a fundamental influence on SENCOs’ capacity to lead inclusive special education. Central to cultivating a culture which is inclusive, reflective, collaborative, responsive and flexible were Principals. Findings have implications for theorisation of the SENCO role, leadership in inclusive special education to facilitate collaborative approaches to change, and implementation of sustainable models of professional learning.
The SP2 High-Performance Switch

The heart of an IBM SP2™ system is the HighPerformance Switch, which is a low-latency, highbandwidth switching network that binds together RISC System/6000® processors. The switch incorporates a unique combination of topology and architectural features to scale aggregate bandwidth, enhance reliability, and simplify cabling. It is a bidirectional multistage interconnect subsystem driven by a common oscillator, and delivers both data and service packets over the same links. Switching elements contain a dynamically allocated shared buffer for storing blocked packet flits. The switch is constructed primarily from switching elements (the Vulcan switch chip) and adapters (the SP2 communication adapter). The SP2 communication adapter uses a variety of techniques to improve bandwidth and offload communication tasks from the node processor. This paper examines the switch architecture and presents an overview of its support software.
Social Influences on Prevotella and the Gut Microbiome of Young Monkeys

Objective Our aim was to evaluate the bacterial profiles of young monkeys as they were weaned into peer groups with a particular focus on Prevotella, an important taxon in both human and nonhuman primates. The weaning of infants and increased social contact with peers is a developmental stage that is likely to affect the gut microbiome. Methods Gut bacteria were assessed in 63 rhesus monkeys living in social groups comprised of 4 to 7 individuals. Two groups were assessed prospectively on day 1 and 2 weeks after rehousing away from the mother and group formation. Ten additional groups were assessed at 2 weeks after group establishment. Fecal genomic DNA was extracted and 16S ribosomal RNA sequenced by Illumina MiSeq (5 social groups) and 454-amplicon pyrosequencing (7 social groups). Results Combining weaned infants into small social groups led to a microbial convergence by 2 weeks (p < .001). Diversity analyses indicated more similar community structure within peer groups than across groups (p < .01). Prevotella was the predominant taxon, and its abundance differed markedly across individuals. Indices of richness, microbial profiles, and less abundant taxa were all associated with the Prevotella levels. Functional Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses suggested corresponding shifts in metabolic pathways. Conclusions The formation of small groups of young rhesus monkeys was associated with significant shifts in the gut microbiota. The profiles were closely associated with the abundance of Prevotella, a predominant taxon in the rhesus monkey gut. Changes in the structure of the gut microbiome are likely to induce differences in metabolic and physiologic functioning.
Specifying PDD-NOS: a comparison of PDD-NOS, Asperger syndrome, and autism.

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical characteristics of children given a diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) by expert clinicians and to compare these to the clinical characteristics of children given a diagnosis of autism and Asperger syndrome (AS). METHOD Two hundred sixteen children with autism, 33 with AS, and 21 with PDD-NOS were compared on measures of level of functioning (communication, daily living and social skills, IQ, and age of acquisition of language) and on various symptoms of autism (impaired communication and reciprocal social interaction and a preference for repetitive and stereotyped activities). RESULTS In terms of level of functioning measures, the PDD-NOS children had scores that were between those of the children with autism and those of the children with AS. In contrast, the PDD-NOS group had fewer autistic symptoms, especially repetitive stereotyped behaviors, than both the autism and AS groups (chi2 = 11.06, p =.004). Children with PDD-NOS could be placed into one of three subgroups: a high-functioning group (24%) who resembled AS but had transient language delay or mild cognitive impairment; a subgroup resembling autism (24%) but who had late age of onset or too severe cognitive delays or were too young to potentially meet the full diagnostic criteria for autism; and a group (52%) not fulfilling the criteria for autism because of fewer stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS With some revision to current diagnostic criteria, a more homogenous atypical group with significant impairments in social-communication but fewer repetitive behaviors can be differentiated from the more nonspecific PDD-NOS group. This differentiation may lead to better reliability in diagnosis and to further progress in studies of etiology.
A Comprehensive Look at the Return Predictability of Variance Risk Premia

The discrepancy between inâ€ sample and outâ€ ofâ€ sample predictability of common predictors for asset returns has been widely discussed in the literature. We examine the outâ€ ofâ€ sample predictability and its economic significance of Variance risk premium (VRP), which recently has shown empirical success in predicting asset returns inâ€ sample. Extensive analysis indicates strong outâ€ ofâ€ sample predictability of the VRP for U.S. stock index, currencies, credit index, and equity portfolios. However, we do not find any evidence for predictability of bond and commodity markets. We demonstrate economic significance by providing profitable market timing strategies exploiting the outâ€ ofâ€ sample forecasting power of the VRP in a real time setting.
Gastrocnemius-derived BDNF promotes motor function recovery in spinal cord transected rats

This study evaluated the role of gastrocnemius-derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and possible mechanism in motor improvement in T10 spinal cord transection (SCT) rats. There was complete paralysis in hindlimbs immediately after SCT, followed by partial functional restoration with time going. The level of BDNF but not its mRNA gradually increased in caudal stump after SCT, whereas a significant increase in both BDNF and its mRNA was simultaneously seen in gastrocnemius. Injection of BDNF antibody into the gastrocnemius significantly decreased hindlimb locomotor function, downregulated the level of BDNF and its mRNA together with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). Moreover, ventral root ligation led to decrease both BDNF and Erk in caudal stump, indicating BDNF transportation from gastrocnemius into the spinal cord. We concluded that gastrocnemius-derived BDNF reduced motor functional deficits in SCT rats through Erk signaling pathway. These novel findings suggested the usage of BDNF in muscle for the treatment of spinal cord injury in clinic.
Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 Is Required for Maintenance of Ciliary Beating in Mice*

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) maintain protein homeostasis through regulating expression of heat shock proteins, especially in stressed conditions. In addition, HSFs are involved in cellular differentiation and development by regulating development-related genes, as well as heat shock genes. Here, we showed chronic sinusitis and mild hydrocephalus in postnatal HSF1-null mice, which are associated with impaired mucociliary clearance and cerebrospinal flow, respectively. Analysis of ciliary beating revealed that the amplitude of the beating was significantly reduced, and ciliary beat frequencies were lower in the respiratory epithelium, ependymal cells, oviduct, and trachea of HSF1-null mice than those of wild-type mice. Cilia possess a common axonema structure composed of microtubules of α- and β-tubulin. We found a marked reduction in α- and ciliary βiv-tubulin in the HSF1-null cilia, which is developmentally associated with reduced Hsp90 expression in HSF1-null mice. Treatment of the respiratory epithelium with geldanamycin resulted in rapid reduction of ciliary beating in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Hsp90 was physically associated with ciliary βiv-tubulin, and Hsp90 stabilizes tubulin polymerization in vitro. These results indicate that HSF1 is required to maintain ciliary beating in postnatal mice, probably by regulating constitutive expression of Hsp90 that is important for tubulin polymerization.