Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence And Correlates Of Depressive Symptoms Among HIV Patients Receiving Care And Treatment In Tertiary Hospital In Northwestern Nigeria

HIV infection has spread over the last 30 years and has a great impact on health, welfare, employment and criminal justice sectors affecting all social and ethnic groups throughout the world (Awofala & Ogundele, 2018). The estimated overall number of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) by the end of 2015 was approximately 36.7 million [34.0 million–39.8 million] (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS, 2016) and sub-Saharan Africa was the most affected region, having 25.8 million People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and accounting for about 70% of all the PLWHA in the world(Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS, 2015). Sub-Saharan Africa also accounted for about 70% of new HIV infections and 67% of AIDS-related deaths in 2010. (Joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2011) Nigeria, with HIV prevalence of 3.1%, has the second highest number of PLWHA in the world Abstract: Background: Depression is the most common neuropsychiatric complication of HIV/AIDS disease. HIV/AIDS and depression are projected to be the world’s two leading causes of disability by 2030 and the factors affecting depression are not well studied. The study assessed the prevalence and predictors of depression among HIV/AIDS patients receiving care and treatment in Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross – sectional study design of 270 adult HIV/AIDS patients attending the ART clinic at UDUTH, Sokoto between 1 st of February to 28 th February, 2018. Depression was assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A positive depression screen was defined as PHQ-9 score of 1 and above. Social determinants of depression (SDS) and alcohol abuse were assessed and the association with depression were determined. Results: The mean age of respondents was 36.3  9.2 years. One hundred and thirty five (50.6%) satisfied the criteria for a depressive disorder using the PHQ-9 score. Depressive symptoms were associated with past medical history of depression ( = 25.96, p <.001), ART regimen ( = 11.14, p =.049) and lack of social cohesion ( = 12.51, p =.006). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of depression among HIV/AIDS patients and it was commoner among those who lack social cohesion. There is the need to integrate mental health interventions into routine HIV care and treatment in Nigeria. Social support and good social relationship should be enhanced at HIV/AIDS treatment facilities to prevent depression.
Identification of High Serum Apolipoprotein A1 as a Favorable Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

This study is to explore the prognostic significance of serum lipid profiles in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The study retrospectively enrolled 307 MM patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China, from 2007 to 2016. We evaluated the prognostic significance of the pre-diagnostic serum lipid profile [cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and Apolipoprotein B (Apo B)]. Prognostic factors identified through univariate and multivariate analysis were used to construct a new model based on Lasso Cox regression. Results indicated that lipid levels showed significant difference between ISS stages: Apo A1, Apo B, Cholesterol and LDL levels were lower in late ISS stage. However, only Apo A1 showed statistically significance in overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and cause specific survival (CSS) (P=0.038, P=0.028, P=0.011) in univariate Cox regression. Patients with higher Apo A1 displayed longer OS (median OS, 67 months vs. 30 months; P<0.001). Also, Apo A1 was revealed to be an independent prognostic indicator through multivariate analysis. Combining the Apo A1 level, Zhongshan Score model was constructed with Lasso regression for prognosis prediction. This model exhibited higher accuracy than International Staging System (ISS) and Durie and Salmon (DS) system. In conclusion, among all the serum lipid profiles, serum Apo A1 is a powerful prognostic indicator for patients with MM.
What Does This Word Mean? Explaining Contextualized Embeddings with Natural Language Definition

Contextualized word embeddings have boosted many NLP tasks compared with traditional static word embeddings. However, the word with a specific sense may have different contextualized embeddings due to its various contexts. To further investigate what contextualized word embeddings capture, this paper analyzes whether they can indicate the corresponding sense definitions and proposes a general framework that is capable of explaining word meanings given contextualized word embeddings for better interpretation. The experiments show that both ELMo and BERT embeddings can be well interpreted via a readable textual form, and the findings may benefit the research community for a better understanding of what the embeddings capture.
From the SelectedWorks of Jia Xie 2019 Importance of Professional Networks in Trade : Evidence from Real Estate Market

A professional network is formed among real estate agents when they trade with each other on behalf of clients. In the process of finding trading partners, agents either search randomly or navigate through the local network. This paper estimates the importance of network-based searches relative to random searches by fitting JacksonRogers’ (2007) network formation model to the Multiple Listing Service (MLS) data for a major Midwestern city in the U.S. during 2008-2010. We find that 35%∼55% of trades are made through network-based searches. Moreover, agents rely mainly on random searches at the early stage of career, but more on network-based searches after having many trades. On average, a real estate agent trades with one out of every 5 to 10 agents she finds through random or network-based searches.
EFFECTS OF CSR SECTORIAL EXPENDITURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

The involvement in CSR activities is beneficial to corporate bodies in several ways among them being; to maintain and boost a company’s reputation and brand image, to get a social license to operate, reduce the risk of a company’s business, expand access to resources for business operations, opening up wider market opportunities, reduce costs associated with environmental impacts, improving relationship with stakeholders, increase employee morale and productivity. This study adopted the descriptive survey design and the study also tested for a linear relationship between expenditure incurred on corporate social responsibility programs and the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data and the results were interpreted and presented using percentages, pie-charts and measures of central tendency. The target population of this study was 80 employees from different commercial banks in Kenya. A drop and pick later approach was adopted for research questionnaires that were distributed at random to the respondents within the target population. These questionnaires formed the primary data for our research work. Secondary data on the other hand was obtained from commercial banks financial records, financial statements prepared by the foundations of the respective commercial banks and CBK annual reports. Research findings established a positive correlation between expenditure on CSR programs and the performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study concludes that the expenditure on CSR sectorial programs in educational programs, health programs, environmental conservation programs and sports related programs have a positive impact on an organization’s over all financial performance.
On comparing different codec profiles of coding methods for mobile 3 D television and video

The paper describes the results of a large-scale user study on comparing simple and complex codec profiles for mobile 3D television and video. Four different coding methods – Simulcast, Multiview Video Coding (MVC), Mixed Resolution Stereo Coding (MRSC), and Video+Depth were evaluated at two codec profiles. Baseline profile, using IPPP and CAVLC, and high profile, enabling hierarchical B-frames and CABAC, were under assessment. Our results show that MVC and Video+Depth provide the best overall quality for both coding profiles. In overall, perceived quality of both codec profiles is at the same level. However, the high profile provides the same quality at a lower bit rate.
A security perspective on code review

Modern Code Review (MCR) is an established software development process that aims to improve software quality. Although evidence showed that higher levels of review coverage relates to less post-release bugs, it remains unknown the effectiveness of MCR at specifically finding security issues. We present a work we conduct aiming to fill that gap by exploring the MCR process in the Chromium open source project. We manually analyzed large sets of registered (114 cases) and missed (71 cases) security issues by backtracking in the project’s issue, review, and code histories. This enabled us to qualify MCR in Chromium from the security perspective from several angles: Are security issues being discussed frequently? What categories of security issues are often missed or found? What characteristics of code reviews appear relevant to the discovery rate? Within the cases we analyzed, MCR in Chromium addresses security issues at a rate of 1% of reviewers’ comments. Chromium code reviews mostly tend to miss language-specific issues (e.g., C++ issues and buffer overflows) and domain-specific ones (e.g., such as Cross-Site Scripting); when code reviews address issues, mostly they address those that pertain to the latter type. Initial evidence points to reviews conducted by more than 2 reviewers being more successful at finding security issues.
Effectiveness Of The Implementation Of The Mechanisation Programme For Emerging Farmers In The Overberg And Eden Districts Of The Western Cape

Agricultural mechanisation has received increased interest during the last decade for the development of agriculture in African countries. One of the challenges of mechanisation in farming is the high cost associated with the procurement and maintenance of tractors and implements. Therefore, a mechanisation programme to assist with the development of emerging farmers in the country was established. The study was undertaken to determine the effective implementation of the mechanisation programme from the perspectives of farmers and extension officers. The study aimed to investigate whether the programme has assisted with the development of emerging farmers and whether the current implements in centres are suitable for the various commodities produced per area. To meet the objectives of this study, structured questionnaires were administered to participants and interviews were conducted with stakeholders in management positions. The findings revealed that the efficiency of the mechanisation programme can be improved upon, as farmers highlighted challenges that included access to mechanisation centres, the correct type and availability of implements. Nevertheless, the mechanisation programme has had a positive impact on the development of emerging farmers, and they feel that if issues are addressed, the programme could be even more beneficial in ensuring that recipients of the programme reap maximum benefits. Keywords: Emerging farmers, Extension, Mechanisation
Nutritional Needs and Attitudes Towards Having a Training Table: Insight from Players from a Division 1 Football Team

Objective Assess the nutritional needs of, and attitude towards expanding the provision of nutrition services to a division 1 football team who does not have a sports dietitian or a training table. Methods A 26-item questionnaire was developed by two sports dietitians and administered to a football team from a small division 1 school. Demographic information, dietary fueling practices, and football players’ attitudes towards the provision of additional nutrition services was assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize athlete demographic characteristics, and Chi squared analysis assessed differences in responses based on grade in school, position, and residence. Results Seventy-six football players (90% response rate) completed the questionnaire. Sixty-nine percent reported trying to change their weight. The majority reported not consuming pre-workout and/or game snacks (88% and 92%, respectively). Eighty percent of athletes reported consuming only water during exercise, and 75% reported a lack of energy during a workout. Most (93.4%) believed they would benefit from a training table; however, only 42% were willing to have funds reallocated from their stipends to finance it. Results from Chi Squared tests revealed no significant differences in the number of athletes willing to use their stipends for a training table based on year in school (p=0.957), position (p=0.54), or residence (on campus vs off-campus) (p=0.982). Most (97%) athletes believed proper nutrition would enhance their performance, and 91% were willing to meet with a dietitian. football
APPLICATION OF LEAF EPIDERMAL ANATOMICAL TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SOME GRASS SPECIES FROM DISTRICT BHIMBER OF AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR , PAKISTAN

Grasses are main source of food (cereals), fodder of livestock and good source of therapeutics and cosmetics in traditional medicine systems of the world. It is rather difficult to identify and classify grasses properly. As these plants are ethnobotanically important and have been used for treatment of different disease in traditional cultural therapeutics for dyspepsia, burning sensation, piles, sexual weakness, gynecological troubles, respiratory troubles, Kidney stones, acid reflex, blood impurity, debility, diarrhea, lecuoderma, allergy, anemia, anuria, anticancer and antidiabetic. It is pertinent that identifying grass species is very difficutl task if based on only morphological features. The key purpose of this research was to identify the selected taxa of grasses by using morphometric analysis and leaf epidermal anatomical approach from District Bhimber of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Following species grasses: Cynodon dactylon L. , Saccharum spontanium L. , Saccharum ravennae L. , Poa annua L. and Poa nemoralis L. were selected for this study. In morphometric analysis; cluster was formed which divided relevant species into distinct groups (taxon). Genetic distance (GD) was calculated to explore inter and intra-species variation. It was found that taxa from Bhimber area had highest GD (135) while species from Barnala showed least GD (83). From Leaf epidermal anatomy (LEA) study, stomatal index (SI) was calculated and among Saccharum genus: Saccharum spontanium showed highest SI (23.6) while Saccharum revennae had SI value of 12.6. In other genus Poa: Poa nemoralis depicted SI of (20.4) and while Poa annua had SI of 12.5. Other genus Cynodon (out group): Cynodon dactylon showed stomatal index of (15.0). Taxonmic keys has been devised for proper identification of all taxa under this study.
Tone and the Accounting Narrative

Tone is a means by which narratives may be imbued with a desired connotation or affect through word choice. Like other elements of style, tone may be deployed to aid the dissemination of incrementally useful information or used to strategically influence perceptions. Much literature in accounting considers tone as a uni-dimensional construct. This exploratory study seeks to demonstrate that verbal tone is considerably more nuanced in nature. Using multi-year sample of listed companies, we examine dimensions of tone across multiple document types within the annual report and two components of CSR reports issued separately from the annual report. We first consider how dimensions of tone vary across different types of corporate narrative. Next, we determine whether dimensions of tone are associated with another important element of style, readability. Last, we consider the determinants of tone, including the possibility that tone may be used in impression management. The paper makes several important contributions to practice and theory.
A Mandarin Prosodic Boundary Prediction Model Based on Multi-Task Learning

In this paper, we propose a mandarin prosodic boundary prediction model based on Multi-Task Learning (MTL) architecture. The prosody structure of mandarin is a three-level hierarchical structure, which contains three basic units--Prosodic Word (PW), Prosodic Phrase (PPH) and Intonational Phrase (IPH) [1]. Previous studies usually decompose mandarin prosodic boundary prediction task into three independent tasks on these three unit boundaries [1-4]. In recent years, with the development of deep learning, MTL has achieved state-of-the-art performance on many tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP) field [5-7]. Inspired by this, this paper implements an MTL framework with Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory and Conditional Random Field (BLSTM-CRF) as the basic model, and takes three independent tasks of mandarin prosodic boundary prediction as sub-modules for PW, PPH and IPH individually. Under the MTL architecture, the three independent tasks are unified for overall optimization. The experiment results show that our model is effective in solving the task of mandarin prosodic boundary prediction, in which the overall prediction performance is improved by 0.8%, and the model size is reduced by about 55%.
DOES SUBJECTIVE LEFT-RIGHT POSITION HAVE A CAUSAL EFFECT ON SUPPORT FOR REDISTRIBUTION?

Political values have been hypothesized as causal predictors of welfare state support, with subjective position on the left-right scale often used in empirical studies to measure the individual’s core political values. Unfortunately, a major problem in existing research is that the causal effect of left-right position on welfare state support cannot be identified with cross-sectional data in which left-right position and welfare state support are observed simultaneously. In this paper I propose an alternative approach based on Instrumental Variable methods which, using socioeconomic background characteristics as instruments for left-right position, can be used to estimate the causal effect of left-right position on support for redistribution. I analyze data on Sweden, Germany, and Norway from the two first waves of the European Social Survey and find, first, that left-right position is endogenous to support for redistribution and, second, consistent with theory, that a causal effect of left-right position on support for redistribution exists which is stronger than previously shown.
Practical Query Rewriting for DL-Lite with Numerical Predicates

We present a method for answering ontology-mediated queries for DL-Lite extended with a concrete domain, where we allow concrete domain predicates to be used in the query as well. Our method is based on query rewriting, a well-known technique for ontology-based query answering (OBQA), where the knowledge provided by the ontology is compiled into the query so that the rewritten query can be evaluated directly over a database. This technique reduces the problem of query answering w.r. t. an ontology to query evaluation over a database instance. Specifically, we consider members of the DL-Lite family extended with unary and binary concrete domain predicates over the real numbers. While approaches for query rewriting DL-Lite with these concrete domain have been investigated theoretically, these approaches use a combined approach in which also the data is processed, and require the concrete domain values occurring in the data to be known in advance, which makes the procedure data-dependent. In contrast, we show how rewritings can be computed in a data-independent fashion.
Adaptive mine water treatment : modelling to long-term management

Wolkersdorfer, Ch.; Sartz, L. ; Weber, A. ; Burgess, J.; Tremblay, G. (Editors) Abstract Following the closure of coal mines in the UK, and since its inception in 1994, the Coal Authority manages mine waters in the coal elds of Great Britain. O en the mine water is controlled and treated to either prevent new discharges occurring, or to remediate existing pollution. is paper describes how changes in mine water quality and di erences to predicted scenarios result in an adaptive long-term approach to mine water treatment. It gives two case study examples of how mine water treatment schemes have, and continue to adapt to, changes in mine water and the development of new technologies.
Allergic rhinitis, rather than asthma, might be associated with dental caries, periodontitis, and other oral diseases in adults

Background The association between asthma (AS), allergic rhinitis (AR) and oral diseases remains inconclusive in adults. AS and AR often coexist. However, studies that investigate AS, AR together and their association with oral diseases are scarce. Methods Data from 22,898 men and 28,541 women, aged 21 to 25 years, were collected from a national database in Taiwan. Five common oral diseases: dental caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, gingivitis, and stomatitis/aphthae were studied. Differences in the incidence of the five oral diseases in AR vs. non-AR, and AS vs. non-AS groups were compared. The incidence of the five oral diseases in men/ women, urban/country citizen, and high/low income groups was studied. The frequencies of clinical visits and impact of topical steroid use between the groups were also studied. The confounding factors included sex, socioeconomic status, urbanization, dentofacial anomalies, disease of salivary flow, diabetes mellitus, and esophageal reflux. Results The incidence and the frequencies of clinical visits for all five oral diseases were higher in those with AR than in the non-AR group after adjusting for confounding factors and AS. Similar observation was made for the AS group, without adjusting for AR. However, if AR was included for adjustment, no relationship was found between AS and oral diseases. In the AR group, those with higher incomes, and country residents had a high risk of developing oral disease. Intranasal steroids, rather than inhaled steroids, were also associated with oral diseases. Conclusion AR, rather than AS, may be associated with oral diseases in young adults.
Tilburg University Beyond return to work

Objectives Patients with common mental disorders (CMDs) often suffer from comorbidities, which may limit their functioning at work. We assessed the longitudinal impact of multimorbidity, defined as two or more cooccurring chronic health conditions, on work functioning over time among workers who had returned to work after sick leave due to CMDs. Methods Prospective cohort study of 156 workers followed for 1 year after return to work from sick leave due to CMDs. A multimorbidity score was computed by counting severity-weighted chronic health conditions measured at baseline. Work functioning was measured at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up with the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire. Work functioning trajectories, i.e. the course of work functioning after return to work over time, were identified through latent class growth analysis. Results A total of 44 % of workers had multimorbidity. Four work functioning trajectories were identified: one (12 % of the workers) showed increasing work functioning scores during followup, whereas the other trajectories showed low, medium and high scores (23, 41 and 25 %, respectively) that remained stable across time points. Although multimorbidity did not predict membership in any trajectory, within the increasing score trajectory levels of work functioning were lower among those with high baseline multimorbidity score (p\ 0.001). Conclusions Over time, multimorbidity negatively impacts work functioning after return to work from sick leave due to CMDs.