Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of protein phosphorylation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena strain PCC 7120

SUMMARY: Protein kinase activities have been detected in cell-free extracts of the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. At least 12 polypeptides in the soluble fraction were phosphorylated in vitro at the expense of [y -32P]ATP and the pattern of phosphorylation was shown to be regulated by intermediary metabolites and other effectors, at physiological concentrations. Glucose 6-phosphate exerted a regulatory effect on a phosphopolypeptide of M r 56000 (p56) by stimulating a protein phosphatase, whereas ribulose 5-phosphate inhibited the corresponding protein kinase. In addition, DTT and the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine influenced the phosphorylation state of several different polypeptides, indicative of control by redox conditions and a calmodulin-like mediator, respectively. Furthermore, it was established that the phosphorylation of p56 required Mg2+ (> 100 μM) whereas that of a polypeptide of M r 16000 occurred in the absence of Mg2+ and was inhibited by high concentrations (> 1 mM) of this cation. Several of the phosphopolypeptides detected in vitro corresponded in mobility on SDS-PAGE to species phosphorylated in vivo.
The properties of radio and mid-infrared detected galaxies and the effect of environment on the co-evolution of AGN and star formation at z ∼ 1

In this study, we investigate 179 radio-infrared (IR) galaxies drawn from a sample of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies, which are detected in radio and mid-IR (MIR) in the redshift range of 0.55 ≤ z ≤ 1.30 in the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey. We constrain the active galactic nuclei (AGN) contribution to the total IR luminosity (fAGN), and estimate the AGN luminosity (LAGN) and the star formation rate (SFR). Based on the fAGN and radio luminosity, radio–IR galaxies are split into galaxies that host either high- or low-fAGN AGN (high-/low-fAGN), and star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with little to no AGN activity. We study the properties of the three radio–IR sub-samples comparing to an underlying parent sample. In the comparison of radio luminosity of three sub-samples, no significant difference was found, which could be due to the combined contribution of radio emission from AGN and star formation. We find a positive relationship between LAGN and specific SFR (sSFR) for both AGN sub-samples, strongly suggesting a co-evolution scenario of AGN and SF in these galaxies. A toy model is designed to demonstrate this co-evolution scenario, where we find that, in almost all cases, a rapid quenching time-scale is required, which we argue is a signature of AGN quenching. The environmental preference for intermediate/infall regions of clusters/groups remains across the co-evolution scenario, which suggests that galaxies might be in an orbital motion around the cluster/group during the scenario.
Title Differential Antagonism of Human Innate Immune Responses byTick-Borne Phlebovirus Nonstructural Proteins

In recent years, several newly discovered tick-borne viruses causing a wide spectrum of diseases in humans have been ascribed to the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family. The nonstructural protein (NSs) of bunyaviruses is the main virulence factor and interferon (IFN) antagonist. We studied the molecular mechanisms of IFN antagonism employed by the NSs proteins of human apathogenic Uukuniemi virus (UUKV) and those of Heartland virus (HRTV) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), both of which cause severe disease. Using reporter assays, we found that UUKV NSs weakly inhibited the activation of the beta interferon (IFN) promoter and response elements. UUKV NSs weakly antagonized human IFNpromoter activation through a novel interaction with mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy studies. HRTV NSs efficiently antagonized both IFNpromoter activation and type I IFN signaling pathways through interactions with TBK1, preventing its phosphorylation. HRTV NSs exhibited diffused cytoplasmic localization. This is in comparison to the inclusion bodies formed by SFTSV NSs. HRTV NSs also efficiently interacted with STAT2 and impaired IFN-induced phosphorylation but did not affect STAT1 or its translocation to the nucleus. Our results suggest that a weak interaction between STAT1 and HRTV or SFTSV NSs may explain their inability to block type II IFN signaling efficiently, thus enabling the activation of proinflammatory responses that lead to severe disease. Our findings offer insights into how pathogenicity may be linked to the capacity of NSs proteins to block the innate immune system and illustrate the plethora of viral immune evasion strategies utilized by emerging phleboviruses. IMPORTANCE Since 2011, there has been a large expansion in the number of emerging tick-borne viruses that have been assigned to the Phlebovirus genus. Heartland virus (HRTV) and SFTS virus (SFTSV) were found to cause severe disease in humans, unlike other documented tick-borne phleboviruses such as Uukuniemi virus (UUKV). Phleboviruses encode nonstructural proteins (NSs) that enable them to counteract the human innate antiviral defenses. We assessed how these proteins interacted with the innate immune system. We found that UUKV NSs engaged with innate immune factors only weakly, at one early step. However, the viruses that cause more severe disease efficiently disabled the antiviral response by targeting multiple components at several stages across the innate immune induction and signaling pathways. Our results suggest a correlation between the efficiency of the virus protein/host interaction and severity of disease.
Investigating hot-Jupiter inflated radii with hierarchical Bayesian modelling

Context. As of today, hundreds of hot Jupiters have been found, yet the inflated radii of a large fraction of them remain unexplained. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain these anomalous radii, however most of these can only work under certain conditions and may not be sufficient to explain the most extreme cases. It is still unclear whether a single mechanism can sufficiently explain the entire distribution of radii, or whether a combination of these mechanisms is needed. Aims. We seek to understand the relationship of radius with stellar irradiation and mass and to find the range of masses over which hot Jupiters are inflated. We also aim to find the intrinsic physical scatter in their radii, caused by unobservable parameters, and to constrain the fraction of hot Jupiters that exhibit inflation. Methods. By constructing a hierarchical Bayesian model, we inferred the probabilistic relation between planet radius, mass, and incident flux for a sample of 286 gas giants. We separately incorporated the observational uncertainties of the data and the intrinsic physical scatter in the population. This allowed us to treat the intrinsic physical scatter in radii, due to latent parameters such as the heavy element fraction, as a parameter to be inferred. Results. We find that the planetary mass plays a key role in the inflation extent and that planets in the range ~0.37−0.98 MJ show the most inflated radii. At higher masses, the radius response to incident flux begins to decrease. Below a threshold of 0.37 ± 0.03 MJ we find that giant exoplanets as a population are unable to maintain inflated radii ≿1.4 RJ but instead exhibit smaller sizes as the incident flux is increased beyond 106 W m−2. We also find that below 1 MJ, there is a cut-off point at high incident flux beyond which we find no more inflated planets, and that this cut-off point decreases as the mass decreases. At incident fluxes higher than ~1.6 × 106 W m−2 and in a mass range 0.37−0.98 MJ, we find no evidence for a population of non-inflated hot Jupiters. Our study sheds a fresh light on one of the key questions in the field and demonstrates the importance of population-level analysis to grasp the underlying properties of exoplanets.
Problems in Accepting Plate Tectonics and Subduction as a Mechanism of Himalaya Evolution.

The available geological and structural data from Chaman fault and Indus-Tsangpo regions does not support the new global tectonic concept and the presence of suture zone between Indian and the northern landmass. Instead, it is suggested that the Indus-Tsangpo is a rift valley that appeared in the Triassic and became dormant in the Cretaceous, after a spurt of volcanic activity long before the supposed suturing in the Eocene. The paleontological evidences based on plants, marine and fresh-water invertebrates, insects and vertebrates indicate that Gondwanaland was never a separate entity. Paleoclimatic continuity was maintained over this landmass of India and Tibet from the Paleozoic through Cenozoic eras up to the Pleistocene Epoch. Similarly, the widespread glacial deposits of northern Tibet bespeak of a continental landmass extending from Peninsular India up to northern Tibet, and may be beyond. Thus, Pangaea existed till its breakup beginning in the Triassic and Tethys was an epicontinental sea from west Proto-Pacific to east Proto-Pacific. At no stage was it oceanic in character, although narrow shifting belts along and across it, became rift or geosynclines in the process of crustal development. Thus, the Tethys did not form a wide, funnel shaped gulf, opening into the Pacific as depicted in many reconstructions. On the other hand, the Himalayan sequence is dominantly nongeosynclinals sediments, and therefore, genetically different from such classic mountains as the Caledonian, Hercynian, Urals, and Aravallis etc. It is significant that the Himalayan orogeny was initiated in the Cretaceous, and the major episode was Eocene, i.e. earlier than the supposed collision, rules neither out continental collision and subduction nor even in geosynclines. However, the Himalayas, could, then, not have been borne due to collision of landmasses as suggested by plate-tectonics. Instead, they are an interplatform type of mountain range formed by vertical uplift, by intrusive magmas and gravity gliding played an important part too. Terrestrial gravity, seismic (including DSS), geodetic, geomorphologic and field tectonic studies independently and collectively support the above contention. The Himalaya along with some other ranges in Central Asia may be unique in Earth history, and all the mountain ranges of the past seem apparently to have been originated in geosynclines. The plate tectonic concept, however, considers the term geosynclines redundant.
Asymptotics for the expected maximum of random walks and Lévy flights with a constant drift

In this paper, we study the large n asymptotics of the expected maximum of an n-step random walk/Lévy flight (characterized by a Lévy index ) on a line, in the presence of a constant drift c. For , the expected maximum is infinite, even for finite values of n. For , we obtain all the non-vanishing terms in the asymptotic expansion of the expected maximum for large n. For c < 0 and , the expected maximum approaches a non-trivial constant as n gets large, while for , it grows as a power law ∼ . For c > 0, the asymptotic expansion of the expected maximum is simply related to the one for c < 0 by adding to the latter the linear drift term cn, making the leading term grow linearly for large n, as expected. Finally, we derive a scaling form interpolating smoothly between the cases c = 0 and . These results are borne out by numerical simulations in excellent agreement with our analytical predictions.
Achieving Optimal Growth in Preterm Infants and Children Intrauterine-Like Growth Rates Can Be Achieved with Premixed Parenteral Nutrition Solution in Preterm Infants 1 – 3

Growth failure in neonatal intensive care units is a major challenge for pediatricians and neonatologists. The use of early ‘‘aggressive’’ parenteral nutrition (PN), with >2.5 g/(kg d) of amino acids and at least 40 kcal/(kg d) of energy from the first day of life, has been shown to provide nutritional intakes in the range recommended by international guidelines, reducing nutritional deficit and the incidence of postnatal growth restriction in preterm infants. However, nutritional practices and adherence to recommendations may vary in different hospitals. Two ready-to-use (RTU), premixed parenteral solutions (PSs) designed for preterm infants have been prospectively evaluated: a binary RTU premixed PS from our hospital pharmacy and a commercially premixed 3-chamber bag (Baxter Healthcare). These premixed PSs provide nitrogen and energy intakes in the range of the most recent recommendations, reducing or eliminating the early cumulative nutritional deficit in very-lowbirth-weight infants, and avoiding the development of postnatal growth restriction. A further rationale for RTU premixed PSs is that preterm infants require balanced PN that contains not only amino acids and energy but also minerals and electrolytes from the first day of life in order to reduce the incidence of metabolic disorders frequently reported in extremelylow-birth-weight infants during the early weeks of life. J. Nutr. doi: 10.3945/jn.113. 177006.
Reconstructing phosphorus levels using models based on the modern diatom assemblages of 55 lakes in southern Quebec

This study shows how modern diatom assemblages, obtained from the surface sediments of 55 deep and shallow lakes in southern Quebec and representing a gradient in trophic state and specific conductivity, can be used to reconstruct the historical water column concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) over time. Inference models were developed with the aid of regression analyses based on weighted means. The TP models demonstrate statistical performances equal to or superior to TP models developed in the past for other regions in Canada and elsewhere in the world. A reconstruction of TP values, based on fossil diatom assemblages of Lac Nairne (Charlevoix, QC), was conducted. Comparing the TP inferred values with the measured values and those estimated using export coefficients, the reliability of the model was proven. In addition, the comparison of the results obtained from reconstructions performed with two inference models (Quebec and Ontario lakes) also revealed that models predicted TP and not a collinear variable. Resume : Cet article vise amontrer que les assemblages de diatomees modernes repertoriees dans les sediments de surface de 55 lacs du Quebec meridional, representatifs d'un gradient d'etats trophiques, permettent de reconstituer les teneurs histo- riques en phosphore total (PT) qui prevalaient dans la colonne d'eau des lacs du Quebec. Pour ce faire, un modele d'inference a ete developpe al'aide d'analyses de regressions basees sur les moyennes ponderees. Les performances statistiques du modele de PT sont equivalentes ou superieures aux modeles developpes pour des regions differentes au Canada ou ailleurs dans le monde. Une reconstitution des valeurs de PT, basee sur les assemblages de diatomees fossiles du lac Nairne (Charlevoix, QC) a ete menee. La comparaison des valeurs de PT inferees avec les valeurs mesurees ainsi que celles estimees al'aide des coefficients d'exportation a montre la justesse du modele. De plus, la comparaison des resultats provenant de reconstitutions menees avec deux modeles d'inference (lacs du Quebec et de l'Ontario) a egalement montre que les modeles predisent le PT et non une variable colineaire.
Value systems of fathers, mothers and adolescents: Do parents and their children construe basic values in the same way?

In the literature on family transmission of values, parents' value priorities have been often compared to their children's ones in order to reveal intergenerational similarities as well as differences. Most studies have implicitly assumed that parents' and children's value systems are completely comparable; however, evidence is needed that the meaning of certain values is the same for the two generations. The general aim of this study was to examine empirically the meanings of a large set of values to parents and to their adolescent children. Participants were 381 Italian family triads (father, mother and one adolescent child), who were asked to fill in the Schwartz's Portrait Values Questionnaire. Multidimensional scaling analyses revealed that parents and adolescents distinguished a similar number of value dimensions. However, some inconsistencies emerged between parents and adolescents as far as the organization of values (congruencies and conflicts among values) was concerned. The implications of these findings for the study of value transmission were discussed.
Sodium Intake Circulatory volume Cardiac output Blood pressure Renal nerve activity Renal sodium excretion Angiotensin II Aldosterone Extracellular fluid volume Interstitial fluid volume Blood flow and filtration Tubular reabsorption Fig

The kidney sits at a pivotal position in balancing the excretion of sodium and water with fluid reabsorption along the nephrons to ensure that cardiovascular homeostasis is maintained. The maintenance of extracellular fluid volume, and hence blood volume, is achieved by a complex neurohumoral regulation of kidney function. Long-term fluid regulation is exerted by hormonal influences, such as aldosterone on the fine control of sodium reabsorption, and antidiuretic hormone on water reabsorption. By contrast, short-term dynamic control in response to changes in sodium and water intake and loss through normal everyday activities are primarily determined by the direct actions of the autonomic nervous system, via the renal sympathetic nerves, and indirectly via the renin–angiotensin system. It is becoming increasingly evident that the kidney is also an important source of sensory information and that afferent renal nerve input into the central nervous system can be responsible for determining efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity which in physiological circumstances is the foundation of renorenal reflexes, but in pathophysiological states may be responsible for the sympathoexcitation widely observed in hypertension, heart failure, and chronic renal disease. Some 25% of cardiac output is delivered to both kidneys and of this one fifth is filtered at the glomerulus and processed by the nephrons. This filtered load, of 180 L/day in man, is subject to processing, that is, secretion of metabolites and reabsorption of fluid, as it passes along the tubules, with the end result that some 98%of the fluid volume is reabsorbed. Following filtration, about two-thirds is reabsorbed iso-osmotically at the high permeability proximal tubule epithelial cells, and thereafter it passes to the loop of Henle, comprising descending and ascending limbs, dipping deeply into the medulla
The Effects of Static Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance

The Effects of Static Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance By Tom Evans The vertical jump can play a significant role for many athletes in various competitive sports. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that passive static stretching has on various athletes from various sports. The athletes were asked to perform a certain amount of jumps with no stretching routine and a set of jumps with a stretching routine. The results calculated for this study did show to have a statistically significant difference between jumping with stretching and jumping without stretching.
Management options to increase groundnut productivity under climate change at selected sites in India

Climate change is projected to alter the growing conditions of groundnut crop differently in different regions of India. The CROPGRO-Groundnut model was used to quantify the impact of climate change on the productivity of groundnut at three sites (Anantapur, Mahboobnagar and Junagadh) in India.Increase in temperature significantly (p<0.05) decreased pod yield of groundnut at all the sites by 2050. But the net effect of changes in temperature, rainfall and CO2 was 4% decrease in yieldat Anantapur and 11% increase at both Mahboobnagar and Junagadh. A number of agronomic practices evaluated under climate change atAnantapur showed that the maximum increase in yield was simulated with supplemental irrigation, followed by delay in sowing and growing a longer maturity variety. At Mahboobnagar, the maximum yield gain was with delayed sowing, followed by growing a longer maturity variety, supplemental irrigation and application of crop residues. At Junagadh, the yield increase was the maximum with supplemental irrigation, followed by application of crop residues. It is concluded that the relative contribution and prioritization of agronomic practices to increase groundnut yield under climatechange varied with the region and the CROPGRO-Groundnut modelwas useful in quantifying such benefits.
Content Analysis on the Use of Calligraphic Art in Print Advertisements in Taiwan

Calligraphic art features its unique beauty and history in the Chinese society and has frequently been used as a tool of persuasion in advertisements made by Taiwanese firms in recent years. Calligraphic art is not only used to connect to contemporary culture but also to attract audience’s attention to the advertisements. This study sampled 960 calligraphic advertisements within the period between 2007 and 2014 from two Taiwanese newspapers, namely, Liberty Times and United Daily News. Content analysis was conducted to interpret and code the data. This study found that of the five calligraphic typefaces, the regular and creative scripts were the most frequently used of the five calligraphic types in calligraphic advertisements. Regarding the picture-headline interactive relation, the methods of picture-headline assistance and continuation were most commonly used. In addition, a large number of calligraphic advertisements adopted the rational and cultural appeal and reflected the cultural values of openness to change and self-enhancement. Overall, the Chinese calligraphy has pictorial beauty and the function of message delivery. The advertisements featuring the beauty of oriental traditional art can easily connect the advertised products with culture and produce the effect of persuasion in soft-sell advertising.