Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracranial and Extracranial Malformations in Patients With Craniofacial Anomalies

Background:Craniofacial structures have an intimate relationship with the central nervous system in the embryologic development period and the developmental abnormalities of the face and skull that are frequently associated with malformations of the central nervous system. Additional intracranial and extracranial malformations in a patient with craniofacial deformity may negatively affect the outcome of the surgery and the quality of life. Patients and Methods:A retrospective analysis of a total of 123 patients with craniofacial anomalies was performed. Physical examination notes, ophthalmologic findings, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging reports were retrospectively analyzed, and intracranial and extracranial malformations and ophthalmologic problems in each group were categorized. Results:Of the patients with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, 29% had intracranial and extracranial malformations. Of them, 17% had ophthalmologic problems. Of the patients with syndromic craniosynostosis, 34% had intracranial and 31% had extracranial malformations. In the patients with craniofacial cleft, 60% had intracranial and 30% had extracranial malformations. The most common intracranial malformations are hydrocephaly, Chiari type 1 malformation, and corpus callosum disorders. Conclusions:A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the evaluation and follow-up of individuals with craniofacial abnormalities. Conventional radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography of the bony skeleton and axial scanning of the soft tissues is our first-step routine. Brain magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in patients with multiple-suture synostosis, syndromic synostosis, and craniofacial clefts to rule out central nervous system and soft tissue malformations. During the postoperative first year, conventional x-rays are sufficient to evaluate the craniofacial area. Central nervous system disorders may cause major headaches, muscle weakness, hearing problems, extreme fatigue, poor motor coordination, and cognitive and social disabilities even when their intelligence quotient is normal. Therefore, every effort should be performed to search and treat additional malformations. Prevention of additional morbidities improves surgical and social outcomes.
Uncommon but Need-To-Know Benign BiliaryComplications of Cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis is a prevalent pathology that is the origin of a group of benign biliary tract diseases among which acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, acute cholangitis and acute biliary pancreatitis are the most frequent. However, there are uncommon benign biliary tract diseases derived from cholelithiasis that need to be known and suspected in order to obtain an early diagnosis and treatment, such as Mirizzi and Bouveret syndromes. We present a brief review of both entities from two clinical cases of patients recently admitted to our unit
The Gaucher registry: demographics and disease characteristics of 1698 patients with Gaucher disease.

BACKGROUND The Gaucher Registry, the largest database of patients with Gaucher disease (GD) worldwide, was initiated to better delineate the progressive nature of the disorder and determine optimal therapy. This report describes the demographic and clinical characteristics of 1698 patients with GD before they received enzyme replacement therapy. METHODS Physicians worldwide who treat patients with GD were invited to submit prospective and retrospective data for an ongoing registry, using standardized data collection forms, for central processing and review. RESULTS Most patients were from the United States (45%) and Israel (17%), but patients are from 38 countries. Most (94%) had type 1 GD, fewer than 1% had type 2, and 5% had type 3. Mutant allele frequency data, available for 45% of patients, showed the most common alleles to be N370S (53%), L444P (18%), 84GG (7%), and IVS2+1 (2%). Twenty-five percent of L444P homozygotes (13 of 52 patients) had type 1 GD phenotype. Mean age at diagnosis in patients with the N370S/N370S genotype was 27.2 years (SD, 19.7 years); in L444P/L444P patients, 2. 3 years (SD, 3.2 years). Histories of bone pain and radiological bone disease were reported by 63% and 94% of patients, respectively; both were more likely in asplenic patients than in patients with spleens. Mean spleen and liver volumes were 19.8 and 2.0 multiples of normal, respectively. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were present in 64% and 56%, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was present in 13% of asplenic patients. CONCLUSIONS The Gaucher Registry permits a comprehensive understanding of the clinical spectrum of GD because of the uniquely large sample size. The Registry will be useful in evaluating the effects of specific therapies in GD and the possible influences of environment, ethnicity, and genotype on the natural history of the disorder.
When Journalists Tweet: Disclosure, Participatory, and Personal Transparency

This article analyses transparency among groups of journalists by examining journalists’ tweets. It also answers a call from previous researchers on transparency on Twitter for further studies based on more representative samples of journalists. The study draws on a quantitative content analysis of Swedish journalists’ tweets during 1 week in spring 2014. The total number of tweets analyzed (N) is 1,500. A total of 24% of the journalists’ tweets can be described as being explicitly transparent. However, the findings indicate that while journalists on Twitter indeed discuss how the news are produced (disclosure transparency), they show less personal transparency, and hardly ever invite the audiences to interact or take part in the process of making news (participatory transparency).
Comparative study on growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different substrates

Experiment was carried out in the mushroom cultivation laboratory, Horticulture Center, Khairtala, Jessore to evaluate the better performance of oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida in different substrate compositions as well as to find out the better substrate for mushroom cultivation. Highest mycelium running rate was found in banana leaves and rice straw (1:1) but the lowest in control. Completion of mycelium running time was lowest in banana leaves and rice straw (1:3 and 3:1). Number of total primordia and effective primordia, found highest in control but the maximum pileus thickness was measured from rice straw. Highest biological yield and economic yield (164.4 g and 151.1 g) was obtained from rice straw which was much higher than control. From the graphical view, both positive and negative relationships were found between economic yield and different yield contributing attributes.
Violence in sleep: medico-legal issues and two case reports

Synopsis Reported cases of violence during sleep are reviewed. Two new cases are reported where the subjects were charged respectively with attempted murder and murder; both were acquitted on the grounds of non-insane automatism. Clinical features and aetiological factors are analysed. The legal concepts surrounding non-insane automatism are discussed and criticized.
Effect of capital structure on the performance of firms: Evidence from Pakistan and Indian stock market

This purpose of this study is to find the influence of various firm level characteristics such as, leverage, participation of equity and insider ownership on the profitability of the Pakistani and Indian listed corporations in the two major stock exchanges Karachi and Bombay stock exchanges in each country respectively and then comparison of the finding between two countries. Employing the cross-sectional data methodology, i examine the leverage, participation of equity, profitability and insider ownership of 84 companies in Pakistan and 75 companies in India from KSE 100 index and BSE 100 index respectively for the time period of 2000 - 2010 inclusive both year. Different conditional theories of capital structure are reviewed (the trade-off theory, pecking order theory, agency theory, and theory of free cash flow) in order to formulate testable propositions concerning the determinants of firms performance. Four variables multiple regression models are used to estimate the effect of firm level attributes on profitability. The results obtained from three different regression models show that profitability and long term leverage are negatively correlated in both KSE and BSE corporations. Moreover I find that insider ownership is positively related to profitability and it is significant in the KSE and it is insignificant in BSE listed corporations. Furthermore participation of equity is positively related in to profitability of both KSE and BSE listed corporations which are showing significant impact with Karachi stock exchange listed companies that are significance at the 1% significance level and in Bombay stock exchange it is insignificant. This study suggests that companies should implement effective and efficient capital structure policy which improves the performance and profitability. Practical implications - This study has laid some groundwork to explore the determinants of firm's performance of Pakistani and Indian firms upon which a more detailed evaluation could be based. Furthermore, empirical findings should help corporate managers to make optimal capital structure decisions that will enhance the firm value and shareholders wealth.
Are There Racial/Ethnic Differences in Indigent Inner-City Clients With Dual Diagnoses?

Objective: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study that examined personal, clinical, and treatment characteristics among non-Hispanic Caucasian, non-Hispanic African American, and Hispanic indigent inner-city clients with co-occurring disorders. Methods: Men and women aged 20 to 50 years who met DSM-IV criteria for concurrent mood and substance use disorders were eligible. Inpatients, persons in detoxification programs, and incarcerated inmates were excluded. Assessments covered sociodemographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, substance use, psychosocial variables, health care utilization and treatment history. Results: Two hundred volunteers were screened, and 145 were eligible to enroll. Racial/ethnic group differences in the distribution of mood and substance use disorders and medical diseases were evident. Receiving psychiatric treatment and psychiatric medications significantly differed among racial/ethnic groups, with Caucasians more likely to receive these services than African Americans or Hispanics. African Americans and Hispanics were also more likely than Caucasians to have positive screening results for their drug of choice and for other drugs as well. Serious medical illnesses were evident in about half of the sample, and the distributions of these illnesses significantly differed among racial/ethnic groups. There were no significant differences in hospitalization or emergency department visits among racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions: Indigent inner-city clients have multiple psychiatric and medical problems that warrant continuity of care. However, few doctor's visits for medical illnesses, lack of psychotropic medications, staggering unemployment, and homelessness were common in our sample. These results present health care and social service professionals with potentially serious treatment challenges. Better recognition and understanding of racial/ethnic needs in those with co-occurring disorders are needed.
Assessment of ultrasonographic morphometric measurements of digital flexor tendons and ligaments of the palmar metacarpal region in Icelandic Horses.

OBJECTIVE To obtain morphometric values for the superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor muscle, and suspensory ligament in the palmar metacarpal region of Icelandic Horses. ANIMALS 50 nonlame Icelandic Horses in training. PROCEDURES Horses included 2 stallions, 30 geldings, and 18 mares from 4 to 20 years of age with a body mass index from 149.1 to 250.11 kg/m2. Transverse ultrasonographic images were obtained with an 8- to 10-MHz linear transducer and a standoff pad. In both forelimbs, the cross-sectional area, circumference, dorsopalmar width, and lateromedial width were measured 3 times at 5 regions of interest (ROIs). RESULTS The coefficient of variation for all measurements of each ROI was <5%. Comparisons were performed among and within structures and for each variable at all ROIs. Comparisons among horses revealed homogeneity because no significant influences of age, sex, height at the withers, or body mass index were found. Additionally, a characteristic skin condition interfering with ultrasonographic examination was observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The morphometric values of the structures examined were consistent with those reported for other breeds, although some differences were observed.
Social capital in construction projects : an exploration

The concept and phenomenon of social capital has been identified as an organizing logic that can add value to project organizations. In this respect, social capital is conceptualized as both personal and impersonal linkages between individuals in project organization, the quality of these linkages, and the shared representations embedded within these linkages. Social capital provides a means of coordination and collaboration among project participants. However, given the novelty of the concept in construction settings and peculiarities of construction projects, key questions arise as to what represents and are the forms of social capital in project settings? We adopt a mixed methods approach to answer these questions. Data from a survey of 376 respondents and a case project converge into forming a coherent conceptualization of social capital in construction projects. The findings confirm the multi-faceted nature of social capital and reveal the mechanisms by which social capital facilitates project organizing. Social capital appears to be more acutely needed in construction projects. While structural capital provides the platform for information and influence transfer, relational capital provides psychological safety upon which cognitive capital is translated into task performance. We conclude by discussing both the theoretical and practical contributions of the study to the relational governance discourse in project management.
Horizontal segregation of color information in the middle layers of foveal striate cortex.

The present study examines the chromatic organization of foveal striate cortex in the awake monkey by means of a series of microelectrode penetrations made as perpendicular as possible to the layers. The study includes 79 penetrations and 261 cells, of which 218 were tested systematically for color selectivity. Detailed analyses are conducted on a subset of 41 penetrations, which included 164 color-tested cells, an average of four cells per penetration. The penetrations were divided into two major categories on the basis of orientation selectivity testing. One group of penetrations contained at least one nonoriented cell in the first 600 microns of microelectrode trajectory (upper layers), whereas the other group of penetrations contained only oriented cells in the first 600 microns of microelectrode trajectory. The two groups were called N (nonoriented) and O (oriented), respectively. Analysis of the color properties of cells in N and O penetrations revealed that middle layer cells in N penetrations showed poor responses to white light, and color preferences for endspectral wavelengths, i.e., red or blue. Middle layer cells in O penetrations, by contrast, responded well to white light and to midspectral wavelengths. There were two subgroups of N penetrations, characterized by predominantly red (NR) or blue (NB) sensitivity in the middle layers. O penetrations could likewise be divided up into three subgroups (OG, OY, OW), characterized, respectively, by predominant sensitivity to greenish wavelengths (490-540 nm), yellowish wavelengths (550-600 nm), or white (i.e., all colors). Despite the identification of five subgroups, similarities between NR and OY, between NB and OG, and between OY and OW subgroups might be consistent with a continuum. The middle layers of N penetrations contained a unique class of cells with excitatory responses restricted to the two spectral ends, endspectral double-peak cells. A model is proposed for the color organization of layer 4 in foveal striate cortex, with red and blue zones in register with alternate cytochrome oxidase "blobs" of layers 2 and 3, white zones in register with interblob centers, and yellow and green zones in between.
Hypernatremia from intravascular saline infusion during therapeutic abortion.

In response to a question on how to avoid the rare, inadvertent intravascular or ip injection of hypertonic saline solution during therapeutic abortion, 3 consultants replied. According to Reid and Frigoletto, to avoid intravascular or ip infusion, place a small indwelling polyethylene catheter in the amniotic sac rather than a metal needle. This virtually precludes the possibility of inadvertent iv injection. When and if necessary, correct catheter placement may be confirmed by the use of fluoroscopy and amniography prior to the injection of hypertonic saline solution. The chemical imbalances associated with this accident are those encountered in severe hypernatremia with resultant brain edema and hemorrhagic softening. Bizarre paresthesia, pyrexia, altered consciousness, and, eventually, convulsions preceded the fatal cases. Peritoneal dialysis may be life saving in the event of ip injection. Naturiuretics, appropriate parenteral fluid administration, and possibly exchange transfusion might be indicated for intravascular accidents. In Goodlin's hospital there have been no cases of acute hypernatremia in the last 500 therapeutic abortions done with hypertonic saline solution. This is believed to be related to 2 changes in technique: 1) not losing the amniotic space by removing only as much amniotic fluid as can easily be obtained and 2) using a simple gravity infusion technique for the instillation of the hypertonic saline solution. During infusion it is essential that the patient be alert, for the first symptoms of intravascular injection are a slight pain, burning, or a feeling of warmth in the pelvis. If these minor symptoms are ignored and the procedure is continued, a sensation of flushing occurs throughout the body with tingling in the scalp and ringing in the ears followed finally by seizures, apnea, or coma or both. Late symptoms are those of hemolytic anemia and renal failure. From experience, serum sodium levels during these events are as high as 185 mEq/1. Along with occurrence of acute hypernatremia the contents of the amniotic cavity are sometimes extruded extraovularly through the fallopian tube into the peritoneal cavity when labor begins. Cases with serum sodium levels of 170 mEq/1 some 6-7 hours after saline instillation were observed, but by contrast these patients' only symptoms were extreme thirst and peritoneal discomfort (Lancet 1: 305, 1968). The treatment of hypernatremia is to force fluids either by mouth or iv. Since most commercial 5% dextrose in water solutions are actually 4.5% (regulations permit a 10% error), such hypotonic fluids are useful for treating hypernatremia.
The efficacy of sequential therapy in eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Turkey

Background and Aim: Most of the studies about sequential therapy that have been reported from Turkey were levofloxacin based. We aimed to compare the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rates of standard triple, sequential and quadruple therapies including claritromycin regimes in this study. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 patients with dyspeptic symptoms were enrolled to the study. The patients were randomized to four groups of treatment protocols. And 40 patients received standard triple therapy for 2 weeks, 40 patients received bismuth containing quadruple therapy for 2 weeks, 40 patients received 5 + 5 clarithromycin-based sequential therapy, and 40 patients received 7 + 7 clarithromycin-based sequential therapy. H. pylori eradication was assessed by C 14 urea breath test 4 weeks after therapy. Results: Out of 160 patients with H. pylori infection, 131 (81.9%) were eradicated successfully and 29 (18.1%) failed to eradicate H. pylori infection. H. pylori eradication was achieved in 28 of 40 patients receiving standard triple therapy (70%), in 33 of 40 patients receiving quadruple therapy (82.5%), in 37 of 40 patients receiving 5 + 5 sequential therapy (92.5%), and in 33 of 40 patients receiving 7 + 7 sequential therapy (82. 5%). Statistics revealed that 5 + 5 sequential therapy led to significantly higher H. pylori eradication rates compared with that of standard triple therapy (P = 0.019). There was no statically difference between 5 + 5 sequential therapy and the other therapy groups' eradication rates, but it was higher than all of the protocols. H. pylori eradication rate with sequential therapy in our patients with nonulcer dyspepsia was higher than those of patients with standard therapy (93% versus 82%, respectively, P>0.05). Conclusion: 5 + 5 sequential therapy was associated with significantly higher eradication rate of H. pylori compared with standard triple therapy in our study cohort.
Adherence to black box warnings for prescription medications in outpatients.

BACKGROUND Few data are available regarding the prevalence of potentially dangerous drug-drug, drug-laboratory, and drug-disease interactions among outpatients. Our objectives were to determine how frequently clinicians prescribe drugs in violation of black box warnings for these issues and to determine how frequently such prescribing results in harm. METHODS In an observational study of 51 outpatient practices using an electronic health record, we measured the frequency with which patients received prescriptions in violation of black box warnings for drug-drug, drug-laboratory, and/or drug-disease interactions. We performed medical record reviews in a sample of patients to detect adverse drug events. Multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the relationship of prescribing in violation of black box warnings to patient and clinician characteristics, adjusting for potential confounders and clustering. RESULTS Of 324 548 outpatients who received a medication in 2002, 2354 (0.7%) received a prescription in violation of a black box warning. After adjustment, receipt of medication in violation of a black box warning was more likely when patients were 75 years or older or female. The number of medications taken, the number of medical problems, and the site of care were also associated with violations. Less than 1% of patients who received a drug in violation of a black box warning had an adverse drug event as a result. CONCLUSIONS About 7 in 1000 outpatients received a prescription violating a black box warning. Few incidents resulted in detectable harm.