Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Convergent, Discriminant, and Concurrent Validity of Scores on the Abbreviated Self-Leadership Questionnaire

The present study reports the psychometric properties of a short measure of self-leadership in the Turkish context: the Abbreviated Self-Leadership Questionnaire (ASLQ). The ASLQ was examined using two samples and showed sound psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that nine-item ASLQ measured a single construct of self-leadership. The results supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the one-factor model of the ASLQ in relation to the 35-item Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy scale, respectively. With regard to internal consistency and test-retest reliability, the ASLQ showed acceptable results. Furthermore, the results provided evidence that scores on the ASLQ positively predicted individual's self-reported task performance and self-efficacy mediated this relationship. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Turkish version of the ASLQ is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to measure self-leadership as one variable of interest in the future studies.
Parameter interactions and sensitivity analysis for modelling carbon heat and water fluxes in a natural peatland, using CoupModel v5

Abstract. In contrast to previous peatland carbon dioxide (CO2) model sensitivity analyses, which usually focussed on only one or a few processes, this study investigates interactions between various biotic and abiotic processes and their parameters by comparing CoupModel v5 results with multiple observation variables. Many interactions were found not only within but also between various process categories simulating plant growth, decomposition, radiation interception, soil temperature, aerodynamic resistance, transpiration, soil hydrology and snow. Each measurement variable was sensitive to up to 10 (out of 54) parameters, from up to 7 different process categories. The constrained parameter ranges varied, depending on the variable and performance index chosen as criteria, and on other calibrated parameters (equifinalities). Therefore, transferring parameter ranges between models needs to be done with caution, especially if such ranges were achieved by only considering a few processes. The identified interactions and constrained parameters will be of great interest to use for comparisons with model results and data from similar ecosystems. All of the available measurement variables (net ecosystem exchange, leaf area index, sensible and latent heat fluxes, net radiation, soil temperatures, water table depth and snow depth) improved the model constraint. If hydraulic properties or water content were measured, further parameters could be constrained, resolving several equifinalities and reducing model uncertainty. The presented results highlight the importance of considering biotic and abiotic processes together and can help modellers and experimentalists to design and calibrate models as well as to direct experimental set-ups in peatland ecosystems towards modelling needs.
Vocabulary Learning Through a Gamified Question and Answer Application

Learning German as a second foreign language is the most selected second language among public and private schools in Turkey. Among the components in learning the German language, vocabulary is one of most difficult and important component. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using a gamified application, on German vocabulary to Turkish students learning German as a second foreign language. The Quiz Game, a gamified question and answer tool, was implied to participants by the researcher. Totally,31 3 th grade students participated in this study. During 8-week treatment, the students practiced the Quiz Game application in 20 minutes periods. Qualitative data include interviews and personal motivational inventory that were collected for each participant to determine how participants perceived their experience with this game. Quantitative data for each participant, including pre-tests and post-tests were collected to examine participants' progress in word recognition and the impact of games on the students’ use of vocabulary learning strategies. The findings show that with the help of this gamified practice tool the 97% of the learners are more eager to learn German especially vocabulary and a significant difference between pre-and-post test scores of the students’ vocabulary knowledge was found (t(30)=-9.12, p<. 01). RECEIVED 11 May 2018, REVISED 12 June 2018, ACCEPTED 25 June 2018
Some aspects of shielding effectiveness related to measurements and simulations

Two aspects of the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure are addressed: characteristics of the material of the shield and the leakage through apertures and grids. In both cases a suitable measurement set-up is presented, which enables to concentrate on the aspect under study: a TEM-t cell to characterize a thin sheet of conducting material, a dedicated test enclosure with removable front panel to study the effect of apertures. These configurations are also simulated with 3D full wave field solvers and suitable equivalent circuits are derived. The numerical results help to interpret the measurement procedure and confirm the measured results. The equivalent circuits provide fast and approximate, but still accurate enough answers to the EMC designer.
Self-Esteem, Needs Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being of Inmates at James Camp Prison in Ghana

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between the self-esteem, needs satisfaction and the psychological well-being of prisoners. The study employed the correlation survey design method to solicit information from respondents who are prisoners in the James Camp Prison in Accra. The random sampling technique was used to select 155 male prisoners from an estimated population of 347. The findings revealed the following; a significant positive correlation exists between self-esteem, needs satisfaction and psychological well-being among inmates. The length of prison sentence has no effect on prisoners’ psychological well-being; there was no significant effect of visits by family and friends on prisoners’ psychological well-being. It is, therefore, recommended that, counselling should be strengthened in the prisons to help reduce the psychological effects of imprisonment on inmates.
Numerical modeling of flow processes over gravelly surfaces using structured grids and a numerical porosity treatment

This article describes the development and validation of a method for representing the complex surface topography of gravel bed rivers in high‐resolution three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamic models. This is based on a regular structured grid and the application of a porosity modification to the mass conservation equation in which fully blocked cells are assigned a porosity of zero, fully unblocked cells are assigned a porosity of one, and partly blocked cells are assigned a porosity of between 0 and 1, according to the percentage of the cell volume that is blocked. The model retains an equilibrium wall function and an RNG‐type two‐equation turbulence model. The model is combined with a 0.002 m resolution digital elevation model of a flume‐based, water‐worked, gravel bed surface, acquired using two‐media digital photogrammetry and with surface elevations that are precise to ±0.001 m. The model is validated by comparison with velocity data measured using a three‐component acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). Model validation demonstrates a significantly improved level of agreement than in previous studies, notably in relation to shear at the bed, although the resolution of model predictions was significantly higher than the ADV measurements, making model assessment in the presence of strong shear especially difficult. A series of simulations to assess model sensitivity to bed topographic and roughness representation were undertaken. These demonstrated inherent limitations in the prediction of 3‐D flow fields in gravel bed rivers without high‐resolution topographic representation. They also showed that model predictions of downstream flux were more sensitive to topographic smoothing that to changes in the roughness parameterization, reflecting the importance of both mass conservation (i.e., blockage) and momentum conservation effects at the grain and bed form scale. Model predictions allowed visualization of the structure of form‐flow interactions at high resolution. In particular, the most protruding bed particles exerted a critical control on the turbulent kinetic energy maxima typically observed at about 20% of the flow depth above the bed.
A seamless assessment of the role of convection in the water cycle of the West African Monsoon

A suite of 40 day UK Met Office Unified Model simulations over West Africa during summer 2006 are analyzed to investigate the causes of biases in the position of the rainbelt and to understand the role of convection in the regional water budget. The simulations include climate, global operational, and limited area runs (grid spacings from 1.5 to 40 km), including two 12 km runs, one with parameterized and one with explicit convection. The most significant errors in the water cycle terms occur in the simulations with parameterized convection, associated with the diurnal cycle and the location of the convection. Errors in the diurnal cycle increase the northward advection of moisture out of the Sahel toward the Sahara but decrease the advection of moisture into the Sahel from further south, which limits the availability of moisture for Sahelian rainfall. These biases occur within the first 24 h, showing that they originate from the representation of fast physical processes, specifically, the convection scheme. Once these rainfall regimes have been established, the terms of the water budgets act to reinforce the biases, effectively locking the rainbelt's latitude. One of the simulations with parameterized convection does, however, produce a better latitudinal distribution of rainfall because on the first day it is better able to trigger convection in the Sahel. Accurate representation of the diurnal cycle of convection and the ability to trigger convection in a high convective inhibition environment is key to capturing the water cycle of the region and will improve the representation of the West African Monsoon.
c06-09-0595(5) Walker.indd

Lawns are the largest managed turf acreage in the USA. This large acreage of fertilized turf has generated public concern regarding nitrogen (N) fertilizer misuse. This 2-yr fi eld study evaluated the effects of eight N programs that varied by N amount, 0 to 196 kg N ha−1 yr−1, and seasonal application timing on the aboveground plant responses of three cool-season lawn species: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.; KBG), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; PRG), and turf-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; TTTF). Signifi cant cumulative species dry matter yield differences were measured for the study, with 9426, 7750, and 7011 kg ha−1 for TTTF, KBG, and PRG, respectively. Kentucky bluegrass generally possessed the greenest canopy when averaged across all N programs, followed by TTTF and PRG. Annual turfgrass quality (TQ) was highest and most seasonally consistent for TTTF, followed by KBG and PRG. Although, KBG overall TQ was lower than TTTF, primarily due to slow spring green-up, KBG was superior to TTTF on many ratings during active growth. Perennial ryegrass produced the lowest TQ compared with TTTF and KBG. This was due to summer disease in both years and substantial turf cover losses, 24 to 81% in 2005. If the goal in lawn management is to maximize turfgrass response with the fewest N inputs, the species that met this goal was TTTF, which provided acceptable TQ and color, and had less disease at relatively low, 73 to 123 kg ha−1 yr−1, N levels. K.S. Walker, C.A. Bigelow, G.E. Van Scoyoc and Z.J. Reicher, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054; D.R. Smith, USDA-ARS, 275 S. Russell St., West Lafayette, IN 479072054. Received 20 Sept. 2006. *Corresponding author (kswalker@ purdue.edu). Abbreviations: DMY, dry matter yield; KBG, Kentucky bluegrass; LSNF, late-season nitrogen fertilization; N, nitrogen; PRG, perennial ryegrass; TQ, turfgrass quality; TTTF, turf-type tall fescue. Published in Crop Sci. 47:1225–1236 (2007). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2006.09. 0595 © Crop Science Society of America 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Published online May 31, 2007
PARENTING PRACTICES AND PERSONAL VALUES: COMPARISON BETWEEN PARENTS OF INSTITUTIONALIZED AND NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED ADOLESCENTS

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between personal values, parenting practices and adolescents' institutionalization. We investigated differences between two groups of parents: 235 parents of adolescents attending regular schools and 92 parents of adolescents attending reformatory schools. The results indicate that benevolence was positively associated with parenting practices, but self-enhancement and hedonism had negative correlations with parenting practices. Parents of institutionalized adolescents rated benevolence and conservatism higher and broadmindedness lower than parents of non-institutionalized adolescents. Differences in parenting practices also emerged in connection with social norms, setting limits, and physical safety. We also established the effect of parents' socio-economic status on adolescents' institutionalization.
Hormone Expression in Melanomas Related to Tumor Angiogenesis

Background: Vicarious production of pituitary hormones by malignant tumors is a well known phenomenon. Prolactin [PRL], human growth hormone [HGH], adenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone [α-MSH] expression has been reported in malignant melanoma tumor cell lines. The present study examines the pattern of expression of the hormones ACTH, PRL and HGH in melanoma with regard to tumor growth and differentiation in relation to angiogenesis. Methods: During angiogenesis the tumor cells encircle a central vessel in layers to form a tumor-vascular-complex [TVC] with a central vessel and a mantle of 5 to 6 layers. Hormone expression is assessed by immunopositivity for PRL, HGH, & ACTH in the tumor-vascular complexes, on serial frozen and paraffin sections and subjected to statistical analysis [t-test or Mann-Whitney U- test]. Results: As two layers accrue the tumor cells acquire PRL & HGH positivity and are associated with a wave of mitotic activity in these layers. Further addition of layers shows ACTH positivity in the outer layers in association with pigmentation. Discussion: There is a coordinated growth of melanoma cells around neovascular channels, the cell cycle of malignant melanocytes being orchestrated by the three pituitary hormones, PRL, HGH & ACTH. The expression of PRL & HGH is related to mitotic activity while ACTH & pigment indicate differentiated function.
Hα surface photometry of galaxies in the Virgo cluster I. Observations with the San Pedro Martir 2.1 m telescope

H imaging observations of 125 galaxies obtained with the 2.1 m telescope of the San Pedro Martir Observatory (SPM) (Baja California, Mexico) are presented. The observed galaxies are mostly Virgo cluster members (77), with 36 objects in the Coma/A1367 supercluster and 12 in the clusters A2197 and A2199 taken as llers. H+(NII) fluxes and equivalent widths, as well as images of the detected targets are presented.
Working for a Good Cause

A rich literature in public administration has shown that public sector employees have stronger altruistic motivations than private sector employees. Recent economic theories stress the importance of mission preferences, and predict that altruistic people sort into the public sector when they subscribe to its mission. This paper uses data from a representative survey among more than 30,000 employees from 50 countries to test this prediction. We find strong evidence for a mutually reinforcing role of altruism and mission alignment in sorting to the public sector, particularly among highly educated workers and among workers in less-developed countries.
The Influence of Minimum Competency Tests on Teaching and Learning.

Past research on the effects of Minimum Competency Tests (MCT) on teaching and learning is reviewed, and the large database of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is used to shed more light on these effects. There seems to be little doubt that MCT, together with associated changes in instructional methods, has produced some substantial changes in student performance. The influence of state-mandated MCT on the quality of teaching and learning as reflected in the NAEP was investigated by comparing the performance of participants in the 1978 mathematics assessment with performance of participants in the 1986 assessment; the same set of items was used on both occasions. The 1978 assessment occurred before MCT were in general use. The better performance of students in 1986 was probably due to the efforts of teachers who made use of MCTs and high-stakes tests. The younger students in 1986 apparently profit.d more from the MCTs and high-stakes tests than the older students did. It seems reasonable to conclude that the use of MCTs can have desirable influences on performance of young students as measured by the NAEP. Nine tables, including some in an appendix titled "Some Broader NEP Methods and Interests," present study findings. (Contains 16 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. _ INFORMATION CENTER II Educational Testing Service The Influence of Minimum Competency Tests on Teaching and Learning by Norman Frederiksen U.111. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION ortc, or Edvtatronai Research end Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1:114/his document has been reproduce° as reCervod from the person Of orgarnfation (logo 'IMMO It 0 Mon Or Changes have bean mad* to trnfsrove reproduct.on guartne PrIts of vtest or opntons staled in th.s docu rnent do not necessartly represen1 otbctai OE RI Posit*. 0( POI.Cy 2 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY eiei919t2 &Ley TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). "
Effects of Buffer Solutions and Chelators on the Generation of Hydroxyl Radical and the Lipid Peroxidation in the Fenton Reaction System

Oxygen free radicals, in particular the hydroxyl radical (·OH), which is readily formed by the Fenton reaction, are known to initiate lipid peroxidation. In this study the effects of several buffer solutions and chelators on the generation of ·OH and lipid peroxidation were examined. The generation of ·OH was decreased significantly in phosphate buffer solution, and slightly in Tris-HCl buffer solution, compared to that in HEPES or MOPS buffer solution, both of which have low affinity for iron ions. Phosphate and Tris-HCl buffer solutions also decreased the formation of lipid peroxides. The generation of ·OH varied by the addition of several kinds of chelators at different ratios of chelator/Fe(II), 1/10-10/1. And conflicting effects of EDTA or diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DETAPAC) were observed in HEPES buffer and in phosphate buffer. At the concentration ratios of chelator/Fe(II) at which EDTA or DETAPAC inhibited ·OH generation in HEPES buffer, ·OH generation was promoted by EDTA or DETAPAC in phosphate buffer. On the other hand ADP slightly enhanced ·OH generation at the ratios of ADP/Fe(II) of 5/1 and 10/1 in HEPES buffer, but did not affect ·OH generation in phosphate buffer. Lipid peroxidation was completely inhibited by the addition of DETAPAC and EDTA, while ADP promoted ·OH generation at the chelator/Fe(II) ratios of 5/1 and 10/1.
Electric field measurements on Cluster : comparing the double-probe and electron drift techniques

The four Cluster satellites each carry two instruments designed for measuring the electric field: a double-probe instrument (EFW) and an electron drift instrument (EDI). We compare data from the two instruments in a representative sample of plasma regions. The complementary merits and weaknesses of the two techniques are illustrated. EDI operations are confined to regions of magnetic fields above 30 nT and where wave activity and keV electron fluxes are not too high, while EFW can provide data everywhere, and can go far higher in sampling frequency than EDI. On the other hand, the EDI technique is immune to variations in the low energy plasma, while EFW sometimes detects significant nongeophysical electric fields, particularly in regions with drifting plasma, with ion energy (in eV) below the spacecraft potential (in volts). We show that the polar cap is a particularly intricate region for the double-probe technique, where large nongeophysical fields regularly contaminate EFW measurments of the DC electric field. We present a model explaining this in terms of enhanced cold plasma wake effects appearing when the ion flow energy is higher than the thermal energy but below the spacecraft potential multiplied by the ion charge. We suggest that these conditions, which are typical of the polar wind and occur sporadically in other regions containing a significant low energy ion population, cause a large cold plasma wake behind the spacecraft, resulting in spurious electric fields in EFW data. This interpretation is supported by an analysis of the direction of the spurious electric field, and by showing that use of active potential control alleviates the situation.
Evaluation of macrophyte control in 38 Florida lakes using triploid grass carp

Florida’s large number of shallow lakes, warm climate and long growing season have contributed to the development of excessive growths of aquatic macrophytes that have seriously interfered with many water use activities. The introduction of exotic aquatic macrophyte species such as hydrilla ( Hydrilla verticillata ) have added significantly to aquatic plant problems in Florida lakes. The use of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) can be an effective and economical control for aquatic vegetation such as hydrilla. Early stocking rates (24 to 74 grass carp per hectare of lake area) resulted in grass carp consumption rates that vastly exceeded the growth rates of the aquatic plants and often resulted in the total loss of all submersed vegetation. This study looked at 38 Florida lakes that had been stocked with grass carp for 3 to 10 years with stocking rates ranging from 25 to 30 fish per hectare of vegetation the complete control of aquatic vegetation can be achieved, with the exception of a few species of plants that grass carp have extreme difficulty consuming. If the management goal for a lake is to control some of the problem aquatic plants while maintaining a small population of predominately unpalatable aquatic plants, grass carp can be stocked at approximately 25 to 30 fish per hectare of vegetation.