Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TO ADULTHOOD Educational opportunities , motivation and attainment in times of social change

Increasingly, governments and grant bodies around the world are funding large databases of longitudinal data on young people as they transition from adolescence into adulthood. They are often put together by multidisciplinary teams including economists, sociologists, educators and psychologists and have led to considerable advancements in theory within these fields. Nevertheless, aspects of these databases remain underutilized. In particular, belying their conception, research flowing from these databases tends to be discipline-specific and consists of a small subset of variables. This is consistent with a dominant focus in social science research on explanatory science at the cost of predictive science. However, advances in machinelearning algorithms mean that there are possibilities to leverage the broad multidisciplinary nature of these databases to build models that can be used to predict important transition outcomes like university entry. We illustrate various approaches, using over 100 variables from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Youth (LSAY) collected when participants (N = 6,363) were 15 years of age to predict university entry three years later. We also consider what insights the various approaches provide to theory. While not a replacement for rigorous testing of causal explanations, machinelearning approaches provide a powerful additional tool for developmental researchers with important real-world applications. * Acknowledgements: This study was partially funded by the Australian Research Council (DE140100080) and the Jacobs Foundation.
Patterns in Beaver Herbivory in South-Central Kansas Riparian Woodlands

Beaver (Castor canadensis) herbivory can strongly affect the physiognomy and successional dynamics of forests and woodlands near bodies of water. In the central and southern Great Plains, the riparian zones that occur in a grassland / cropland matrix are foci of biodiversity and beaver activity, but little is known about patterns of beaver damage in these areas. We conducted a regional survey of beaver girdling of trees in riparian woodlands in south-central Kansas to determine 1) how the frequency of girdling was related to distance from streams, 2) whether there were differences among tree species in the frequency of girdling and, if so, which species were damaged most and 3) how the probability of beaver girdling varied with tree diameter. The frequency of girdling of trees declined more rapidly with distance from water (< 10 m) than in most northern ecosystems where beaver foraging patterns often have been quantified. Damage occurred significantly more frequently on Celtis occidentalis, Morus rubra and Salix sp. than on Maclura pomifera, Catalpa speciosa and Ulmus sp. Beavers avoided very small- and large-diameter stems, but within the range of stem diameters that beavers gnawed, the probability of girdling decreased with increasing stem diameter. Distance to the stream did not alter the distribution of girdling among tree species nor did it change the relationship between girdling probability and stem diameter. In south-central Kansas riparian woodlands, beavers have the potential to alter woodland physiognomy by reducing the density of the sapling-small adult tree layer. Further, their strong preferences among tree species suggest the potential to alter tree species composition by affecting regeneration patterns. However, at most sites these effects will be weak >10 m from streams.
A Multiplier Transformation Deflned by Convolution Involving nth Order Polylogarithm Functions

We deflne a multiplier transformation on the class A of analytic functions in the unit disk U = fz : jzj < 1g involving the nth order polylogarithm functions and introduce certain new subclass of strongly close-to-convex functions using this operator. Several interesting properties of these classes are obtained. Our results include several previous known results as special cases. Mathematics Subject Classiflcation: 30C45, 33C20
A Survey Paper on Image Adaptive Watermarking Techniques

A digital image watermark is a signal permanently embedded into a digital image that can be detected or extracted later by means of some operations for authentication purposes. This paper discusses the results of evaluating three conventional image watermarking algorithms for performance and robustness. The findings are based on experiments on a standard LENA image and thus a comparative analysis between the algorithms becomes apparent and very clear. Three algorithms namely LSB (Least Significant Bit), DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) and DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) were implemented in MATLAB and various results were collected with respect to performance and robustness. LSB embedded watermarks were easily removed using techniques that do not visually degrade the image to the point of being noticeable. Cosine transform algorithm was good in both performance and robustness. The wavelet domain proved to be highly resistant to both compression and noise, with minimal amounts of visual degradation but the original image was significantly affected by the embedding. The numeric data included in the paper make this comparison more formal.
A survey of the potential distribution of the threatened tortoise Centrochelys sulcata populations in Burkina Faso ( West Africa )

The African spurred tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) is a threatened species, especially in West Africa, where it shows a scattered distribution. In Burkina Faso, the species distribution is unknown and we documented the current distribution and potential habitat characteristics. We found evidence of the species in a few sites in the northern and eastern part of the country, whereas some records from the southern part of Burkina Faso were considered unreliable. Multiple specimens were recorded only in four localities, mainly in the Sahel ecological zone. Annual rainfall was negatively related to the observed number of tortoises per site, and indeed these tortoises were found in the Sahel and adjacent ecoregions where rainfall is lower than other regions in Burkina Faso whereas latitude and numbers of tortoise individuals observed in each site were positively related. In a sample of 12 measured specimens, the males were significantly larger than females. Although the present surveys demonstrated that C. sulcatais present in Burkina Faso, we can not conclusively determine whether they are native or originated from escaped or introduced animals.
The Larval Development of Palaemonid Shrimps from the Amazon region reared In the laboratory. VII. Abbreviated development of Pseudopalaemon amazonensis Ramos-Porto, 1979 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea)

Foi estudado o desenvolvimento larval do camarao dulcicola Pseudopalaemon amazonensis Ramos-Porto criado em laboratorio, a partir das larvas eclodidas de femeas ovadas coletadas em um pequeno igarape de terra-firme das proximidades de Manaus, Brasil. Femeas ovadas de comprimento total medio de 36,5 ± 1,9 mm carregavam 13-19 ovos elipticos e ricos em vitelo, medindo 2,55 ± 0,16 x 1,64 ± 0,11 mm. O periodo larval consistiu de 3 estagios larvais bentonicos e as larvas alcancaram a metamorfose apos 7-8 dias, sem ingestao de alimento. A larva recem-eclodida apresentou olhos sesseis e todos os apendices, a excecao dos uropodos; queliopodos estavam presentes na forma de botoes unirremes, mas as pernas locomotoras estavam totalmente desenvolvidas e funcionais. Sao apresentadas as descricoes e ilustracoes dos 3 estagios larvais e do 1o estagio de juvenil.
Immune Response-Dependent Assembly of IMP Dehydrogenase Filaments

Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the conversion of IMP to xanthosine monophosphate, the rate-limiting step in de novo guanosine monophosphate (GMP) synthesis. In cultured cells, IMPDH polymerizes into micron-scale filamentous structures when GMP synthesis is inhibited by depletion of purine precursors or by various drugs, including mycophenolic acid, ribavirin, and methotrexate. IMPDH filaments also spontaneously form in undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, hinting they might function in various highly proliferative cell types. Therefore, we investigated IMPDH filament formation in human and murine T cells, which rely heavily on de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis to rapidly proliferate in response to antigenic challenge. We discovered extensive in vivo IMPDH filament formation in mature T cells, B cells, and other proliferating splenocytes of normal, adult B6 mice. Both cortical and medullary thymocytes in young and old mice also showed considerable assembly of IMPDH filaments. We then stimulated primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo with T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), or antibodies to CD3 and CD28 for 72 h. We detected IMPDH filaments in 40–60% of T cells after activation compared to 0–10% of unstimulated T cells. Staining of activated T cells for the proliferation marker Ki-67 also showed an association between IMPDH filament formation and proliferation. Additionally, we transferred ovalbumin-specific CD4+ T cells from B6.OT-II mice into B6.Ly5a recipient mice, challenged these mice with ovalbumin, and harvested spleens 6 days later. In these spleens, we identified abundant IMPDH filaments in transferred T cells by immunofluorescence, indicating that IMPDH also polymerizes during in vivo antigen-specific T cell activation. Overall, our data indicate that IMPDH filament formation is a novel aspect of T cell activation and proliferation, and that filaments might be useful morphological markers for T cell activation. The data also suggest that in vivo IMPDH filament formation could be occurring in a variety of proliferating cell types throughout the body. We propose that T cell activation will be a valuable model for future experiments probing the molecular mechanisms that drive IMPDH polymerization, as well as how IMPDH filament formation affects cell function.
Effects of preoperative information team on postoperative pain and patient satisfaction Preoperatif bilgilendirme takiminin postoperatif ağri ve hasta memnuniyeti üzerine etkileri

Objective: Management of patient anxiety and postoperative pain are essential for patient satisfaction after surgery. Therefore, we examined the effect of information team on post-operative patient satisfaction. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 100 patients who underwent urologic surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, one in which the patients received of all information from the anesthesiologist (Group 1) and another in which patients received all of their information from the surgeon (Group 2). All of the patients were asked preoperatively to complete a Visual Analog Score and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form. They reported Visual Analog Scores immediately following surgery and at 30 minutes, 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. The patients also completed satisfaction forms 24 hours after surgery. Results: No difference was apparent between the groups concerning the patients’ demographic data or type of urologic operation. The two groups reported similar Visual Analog Scores and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores preoperatively (p>.05 for all). However, Group 1 had lower postoperative Visual Analog Score scores (p>.05 for all durations) than did Group 2. The Group 1 patients reported higher patient satisfaction scores (p=.1). Conclusion: Preoperative knowledge about the surgical process must be given by the anesthesiologist or a member of the preoperative team.
Superstructures: First Cold Test and Future Applications

Superstructures, chains of superconducting multi-cell cavities (subunits) connected by e/2 long tube(s) have been proposed as an alternative layout for the TESLA main accelerator [1]. After three years of preparation, two superstructures, each made of two weakly coupled superconducting 7-cell subunits driven by a single Fundamental Power Coupler (FPC), have been installed in the Tesla Test Facility linac for beam tests. Energy stability, HOM damping, frequency and field adjustment methods were tested. The measured results confirmeSuperstructures, chains of superconducting multi-cell cavities (subunits) connected by e/2 long tube(s) have been proposed as an alternative layout for the TESLA main accelerator [1]. After three years of preparation, two superstructures, each made of two weakly coupled superconducting 7-cell subunits driven by a single Fundamental Power Coupler (FPC), have been installed in the Tesla Test Facility linac for beam tests. Energy stability, HOM damping, frequency and field adjustment methods were tested. The measured results confirmed expectation on the superstructure performance and proved that an alternative layout for the 800 GeV upgrade of the TESLA collider is feasible. We report on the test and give here an overview of its results. The tests confirmed very good damping of HOMs in superstructures and thus has openedmore » a possible new application of this concept to high current energy recovery machines. We have built two 1.5 GHz copper models of two superstructures: 2x5-cells and 2x2-cells to prove further improvement of HOM damping. This contribution presents also measured results on these models. d expectations on the superstructure performance and proved that an alternative layout for the 800 GeV upgrade of the TESLA collider is feasible. We report on the test and give here an overview of its results. « less
Predicting Test Suite Effectiveness for Java Programs

The coverage of a test suite is often used as a proxy for its effectiveness. However, previous studies that investigated the influence of code coverage on test suite effectiveness have failed to reach a consensus about the nature and strength of the relationship between these test suite characteristics. Moreover, many of the studies were done with small or synthetic programs, making it unclear that their results generalize to larger programs. In addition, some of the studies did not account for the confounding influence of test suite size. We have extended these studies by evaluating the relationship between test suite size, block coverage, and effectiveness for large Java programs. Our test subjects were four Java programs from different application domains: Apache POI, HSQLDB, JFreeChart, and Joda Time. All four are actively developed open source programs; they range from 80,000 to 284,000 source lines of code. For each test subject, we generated between 5,000 and 7,000 test suites by randomly selecting test methods from the program’s entire test suite. The suites ranged in size from 3 to 3,000 methods. We used the coverage tool Emma to measure the block coverage of each suite and the mutation testing tool Javalanche to evaluate the effectiveness of each suite. We found that there is a low correlation between block coverage and effectiveness when the number of tests in the suite is controlled for. This suggests that block coverage, while useful for identifying undertested parts of a program, should not be used as a quality target because it is not a good indicator of test suite effectiveness.
Time-Dependent Analysis of Composite Steel-Concrete Beams Using Integral Equation of Volterra, According EUROCODE-4

The paper presents analysis of the stress changes due to creep in statically determinate composite steel-concrete beam. The mathematical model involves the equation of equilibrium, compatibility and constitutive relationship, i.e. an elastic law for the steel part and an integral-type creep law of Boltzmann-Volterra for the concrete part. For determining the redistribution of stresses in beam section between concrete plate and steel beam with respect to time t, Volterra integral equations of the second kind have been derived, on the basis of the theory of the viscoelastic body of Arutyunian-Trost-Bazant. Numerical method, which makes use of linear approximation of the singular kernal function in the integral equationis is presented. Example with the model proposed is investigated. The creep functions is suggested by the CEB-FIP models code 1990. The elastic modulus of concrete Ec(t) is assumed to be constant in time t.
Proximate composition of the surf clam Mactra violacea (Gmelin 1791)

The surf clam Mactra violacea (Bivalvia: Mactridae) is a fairly large marine clam with high meat content. These clams are found in the surf zone of exposed sandy beaches. The proximate composition of M. violacea was studied. Moisture, crude protein, crude fat, acid insolubles and ash were estimated. The protein content of M. violacea was estimated as 11.9 %, fat 1 %, ash 3.2 % and moisture 80 %. The surf clam is a good source of protein and minerals and has low fat content. The nutritive value is high and comparable to other shellfishes.
14. Conclusions: Complexity, responsibility and urgency in the Anthropocene

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International Study on Artemia. XIV. Growth and Survival of Artemia Larvae of Different Geographical Origin in a Standard Culture Test

For characterization of strains of the brine shrimp Artemia of different geographical origin, a standard culture test has been developed in order to compare statistically growth and survival of larvae of different strains. 25 geographical strains have been studied so far including, for 3 strains, analyses of cysts harvested at different times. Important differences in rates of growth and survival were observed between strains but not among batches of the same strain. Best performances were noted for strains from Bahia Salinas (Puerto Rico), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Chaplin Lake (Canada), Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA), Galera Zamba and Manaure (Colombia).
On the Determinants of Dividends’ Information Content

This paper examines the determinants of dividends’ information content. We put an emphasis on the role of ownership structure in explaining the impact of dividends on shareholders’ wealth. To this end, our study examined a sample of 136 French firms during the year 2007 to empirically validate our model. The empirical results show a negative reaction of stock prices to dividend announcement. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of deterioration of growth opportunities. However, we have concluded that firms’ characteristics significantly affect dividends’ information content.
Promise and problems for estimating management costs of marine protected areas

Management costs are rarely taken into account in marine protected area (MPA) design. We estimate the management costs of two different protection scenarios within a large proposed MPA, the Coral Sea in Australia. We use three methods to estimate costs: an existing model of global MPA management costs; a new statistical model based on Australian MPA management costs; and expert estimates that extrapolate from the adjacent Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Both the new statistical model and expert estimates were relevant to both protection scenarios and indicate that a single large no‐take reserve is less expensive to manage than a multiple‐use MPA of the same area with a 30% no‐take component. Expenses associated with compliance drive the difference in management cost between scenarios. Estimating management costs of MPA scenarios adds an important, though still challenging, financial perspective to MPA design.
ssessment of attachment behaviour to human caregivers in olf pups ( Canis lupus lupus ) athaniel

Previous research suggested that 16-week old dog pups, but not wolf pups, show attachment behaviour to a human caregiver. Attachment to a caregiver in dog pups has been demonstrated by differential responding to a caregiver compared to a stranger in the Ainsworth Strange Situation Test. We show here that 3–7 week old wolf pups also show attachment-like behaviour to a human caregiver as measured by preferential proximity seeking, preferential contact, and preferential greeting to a human caregiver over a human stranger in a modified and counterbalanced version of the Ainsworth Strange Situation Test. In addition, our results show that preferential responding to a caregiver over a stranger is only apparent omestication following brief isolation. In initial episodes, wolf pups show no differentiation between the caregiver and the stranger; however, following a 2-min separation, the pups show proximity seeking, more contact, and more greeting to the caregiver than the stranger. These results suggest intensive human socialization of a wolf can lead to attachment-like responding to a human caregiver during the first two months of a wolf pup’s life. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Time-resolved PIV measurements of a self-similar adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer

A methodology for the rapid determination of turbulent statistics is presented to enable the efficient evaluation of velocity profiles using a compact continuous-wave laser PIV system, particularly useful in cases where an experimental facility or model must be modified or repositioned in order to achieve a desired flow condition. In the present work this approach is used to guide the adjustment of a flexible roof in a large water tunnel in order to establish an ideally self-similar adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer at the verge of separation. Following the feedback from real-time velocity statistics the height of the roof is adjust until a self-similar mean velocity profile was achieved while maintaining a small bias towards instantaneously attached flow. Initial results show an excellent collapse in the mean streamwise velocity profile over a extent of more than two boundary layer thickness with momentum thickness based Reynolds numbers ranging from Re = 7500 to 8800, yet a trend of increasing peak Reynolds stress is observed with downstream position. Despite this trend the average profiles across this domain are in agreement with recent complementary direct numerical simulations.