Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in Brief Prostatic Tumor Regrowth after Initially Successful Castration Therapy May Be Related to a Decreased Apoptotic Cell Death Rate 1

Castration of rats transplanted with the androgen-sensitive Dunning R3327-PAP prostituÃ--tumor results initially in a reduction of tumor growth, but after some time, some of the tumors start to grow again. The relapsed, androgen-insensitive PAP tumor shows a dedifferentiated mor phology. In the present study, we examined whether this androgen-independent tumor regrowth was due to an increased cell proliferation rate or to a reduction of the number of tumor cells dying by apoptosis. Nine rats (with 18 tumors) were castrated and followed for 16 to 20 weeks. Six of the tumors increased their volume markedly (relapsed), while 12 remained relatively stable (nonrelapsed). The mitotic index and apoptotic index for epithelial cells were examined by light microscopy. Tumor growth rate correlated negatively both to the apoptotic index identified by morpho logical criteria (RS = -0.82; P < 0.0001) and to the apoptotic index identified by in situ end labeling (RS = -0.83; P < 0.0001). The tumor growth rate percentage did not correlate to the mitotic index, and it was negatively correlated (RS = -0.62; P < 0.01) to the number of cells immunostained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. It is suggested that one initial event during the androgen-independent prostatic tumor regrowth in the PAP relapse model might be a reduction of the number of tumor cells being depleted by apoptosis, rather than an increase of cell proliferation rate.
Is Cash Negative Debt

We model a firm’s decision to allocate excess cash flows to cash holdings versus debt reductions in the presence of financing constraints. Our model shows that holding cash allows firms to hedge against the eect of future cash flow shortfalls on constrained investment, but that reducing current leverage is a more eective way to increase investment in future states of nature in which cash flows are high. This trade-o in the cash‐debt decision generates the prediction that constrained firms will prefer to allocate current cash flows into cash holdings if their hedging needs are high (that is, if the correlation between cash flows and the availability of new investment opportunities is low), but that the same constrained firms will use cash flows to reduce debt if their hedging needs are low. The empirical examination of (joint) debt and cash policies of a large sample of firms over the 1971-2001 reveals evidence that is consistent with our theory. In particular, we find that financially constrained firms with high hedging needs show a strong propensity to save cash out of excess cash flows, leaving their debt positions largely unchanged. Constrained firms with low hedging needs, in contrast, behave much alike financially unconstrained firms in that they strongly favor the use of excess cash flows towards debt redemption (they save debt capacity) and only at the margin allocate cash flow surpluses into their cash accounts. In general, our results show that cash is not always equal to negative debt: cash savings and debt repayments play a distinct role in the optimization of investment under financial constraints.
Measuring Psychological Uncertainty : Verbal Versus Numeric Methods

The authors argue that alternatives to the traditional numeric methods of measuring people's uncertainty may prove to hold important advantages under some conditions. In 3 experiments, the authors compared verbal measures involving responses such as very likely, and numeric measures involving responses such as 80% chance. The verbal measures were found to show more sensitivity to various manipulations affecting psychological uncertainty (Experiment 1), to be better predictors of individual preferences among options with unknown outcomes (Experiment 2), and to be better predictors of behavioral intentions (Experiment 3). Results suggest that numeric measures tend to elicit deliberate and rule-based reasoning from respondents, whereas verbal measures allow for more associative and intuitive thinking. Given that there may be many types of situations in which human decisions and behaviors are not based on deliberate and rule-based thinking, numeric measures may misrepresent how individuals think about uncertainty in those situations.
EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE HEALTH OF RURAL FARMERS IN OFFA, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

The study examined the effect of climate change on the health of rural farmers in Offa, Kwara State. Nigeria. For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the study Ninety-eight (98) respondents were randomly sampled from ten wards. Data were collected through interview scheduled couple with a well structured questionnaire. The data were analysed through the use of frequency count, simple percentages and Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC). The result of the study indicated that the mean age is 45.5%. 68.4% are male. 53.1% were married. 72.4% were literate with only 14.3% non-literate. The study further revealed a significant relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their present health status (r=0.344, p=0.001 α=0.05) The study also revealed a significant relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their perceived effect of climate change on their health status (r=0.381,p=0.001,α=0.05). More so the major source of information of the respondents on climate change were through radio/television (mean=61.3) while only few (mean=36.3) heard from research institute, majority of the respondents health status were good (49.0%) they usually have deviation from normal health status as consequence of climate change. The common ailment they experienced is malaria (31.6%) while only few had headache and cholera (3.1%). It was concluded that their major source of information on climate change was through radio. More so it was deduced from the study that malaria is the most common and severe disease affecting the respondents with tuberculosis which is less severe. It was recommended that government should educate farmers through the mass media such as use of radio, newspaper and television on the need to plant trees to combat the effect of the ozone layers depletion which is also associated to climate change. Key words : Climate and Climate change, Ozone layers, Malaria, Health status, Headache.
Beta-lactamase-producing enterococci

Enterococci have a long and well-established role in causing human disease, beginning with a report of what was probably an enterococcus isolated from the blood of a patient with endocarditis around the turn of this century (16). In recent years, enterococci have become recognized as a common cause of nosocomial infections and were recently cited as being the second most common pathogens isolated from hospitalized patients (31). The increasing importance of enterococci in nosocomial infections may be at least partially related to the many inherent (i.e., naturally occurring) and acquired resistances found in these organisms; these multiple resistances presumably provide a selective advantage, allowing enterococci to survive many different antimicrobial regimens. Inherent resistance to cephalosporins, semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillins, low levels of aminoglycosides, and clindamycin is typically seen. Relative to streptococci, enterococci also have decreased susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, and ureidopenicillins, with Enterococcus faecalis, the most commonly isolated species, being less resistant to these compounds than Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus raffiosus (2, 6, 7). Enterococci have also acquired resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents, including the tetracyclines, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, high levels of clindamycin, high levels of aminoglycosides, high levels of penicillins (via penicillinase and nonpenicillinase mechanisms), and, most recently, vancomycin (16). All of these resistances add to the clinical dilemma posed by enterococci because they decrease the number of available therapeutic options and because they increase the number of agents whose use may provide a positive selective pressure for resistant organisms. This review described the emergence, characterization, and spread of 1-lactamase, an enzyme common to other organisms for decades but found only recently in enterococci.
Endoscopic Papillotomy in the Geriatric Patient with Complicated Biliary‐Tract Disease

Biliary‐tract disease is not only more common in the geriatric population but carries an increased surgical risk. Described is a series of 10 middle‐aged and elderly patients who had stones in the common bile duct associated with significant underlying medical illness or peri‐ampullary pathologic changes. They were successfully treated by endoscopic papillotomy. The 80 percent success rate in such critically ill patients suggests that endoscopic papillotomy might be used as the initial treatment modality in aging patients with amenable biliary‐tract disease.
Women’s empowerment in collective dairy value chains

Ownership of assets, while necessary, is not therefore a sufficient condition for women’s empowerment. Rather, it is women’s ability to make decisions on these assets and other productive resources, and to manage and make decisions on income earned through these assets that is crucial to their empowerment. When women manage income and control assets, their bargaining power may be increased, domestic violence reduced and their children’s nutritional status improved. However, women’s greater earning power may also have negative consequences, especially if men’s spending on the household reduces as women contribute and manage more.
Genomic Sequencing Reveals Regulatory Mutations and Recombinational Events in the Widely Used MC4100 Lineage of Escherichia coli K-12

ABSTRACT The genome of an Escherichia coli MC4100 strain with a λ placMu50 fusion revealed numerous regulatory differences from MG1655, including one that arose during laboratory storage. The 194 mutational differences between MC4100(MuLac) and other K-12 sequences were mostly allocated to specific lineages, indicating the considerable mutational divergence between K-12 strains.
Does Group-Level Commitment Predict Employee Well-Being?: A Prospective Analysis

Objective: To investigate the links between group-level affective organizational commitment (AOC) and individual-level psychological well-being, self-reported sickness absence, and sleep disturbances. Methods: A total of 5085 care workers from 301 workgroups in the Danish eldercare services participated in both waves of the study (T1 [2005] and T2 [2006]). The three outcomes were analyzed using linear multilevel regression analysis, multilevel Poisson regression analysis, and multilevel logistic regression analysis, respectively. Results: Group-level AOC (T1) significantly predicted individual-level psychological well-being, self-reported sickness absence, and sleep disturbances (T2). The association between group-level AOC (T1) and psychological well-being (T2) was fully mediated by individual-level AOC (T1), and the associations between group-level AOC (T1) and self-reported sickness absence and sleep disturbances (T2) were partially mediated by individual-level AOC (T1). Conclusions: Group-level AOC is an important predictor of employee well-being in contemporary health care organizations.
Functional diversity among predators of a freshwater snail imposes an adaptive trade-off for shell morphology

We explored how functional diversity among predators of the freshwater snail Physa creates an adaptive trade-off for the snail’s shell morphology. Physid shells range continuously between elongate and rotund in overall shape. The protection conferred by alternative shell shapes depends on the mode of attack employed by predators. Predators attack Physa primarily through shell entry (by crayfish, Orconectes obscurus) and shell crushing (by fish, Lepomis gibbosus, Cyprinus carpio, Carrasius auratus). The narrow apertures associated with elongate shells were expected to restrict apertural access by crayfish, as it does in several marine gastropod–decapod interactions. The orbicular body whorls of rotund shells were predicted to disperse better the crushing forces applied by fish. Resistance to one predator then implies susceptibility to the other because shells can be relatively rotund or elongate but not both. Three levels of evidence from this study supported the idea of a trade-off: (1) measurement with laboratory instruments indicated that rotund shells were relatively crush-resistant, whereas elongate shells were more entry-resistant; (2) foraging trials showed that rotund shells required more handling time and were rejected more frequently by fish, whereas snails with elongate shells were more likely to survive with crayfish; and (3) field samples revealed rotund shell morphology in habitats where fish were common. The physical tests, foraging trials and field survey of the present study demonstrate the functional basis for predator-induced plasticity, which has been documented elsewhere for physid shell morphology and serves as a fourth line of support for the existence of an adaptive trade-off. Implications of the trade-off for the behaviour of predators and prey are also discussed.
What contributes most to knowledge acquisition ? Venture capital versus R&D cooperation

This paper examines the contribution of different partners in innovation networks. We focus our research on two forms of partnership, partnerships with venture capitalists(VCs) and research and development (R&D) cooperation, whose main objectives are to overcome financial constraints and to obtain external knowledge. We distinguish between two types of knowledge: technological and market knowledge. We use a dataset of 140 French firms to examine the contribution of VCs and R&D cooperation in the acquisition of these two types of knowledge. Our main findings suggest that R&D cooperation brings technological knowledge, whereas the presence of a VC in the firm provides knowledge about the market.
Logistics capability, logistics outsourcing and firm performance in an e‐commerce market

Purpose – Effective and efficient supply chain management is critical to the success of firms engaging in e‐commerce. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of logistics capability and logistics outsourcing on firm performance in an e‐commerce market environment.Design/methodology/approach – This research examines the relationship between firm's logistics capability, logistics outsourcing and its performance. Multiple‐item constructs are used to measure the strength of logistics capability and firm performance. The use of logistics outsourcing is represented by a dichotomous variable. Data obtained via a survey were analyzed to investigate relationships among constructs and various hypotheses were tested.Findings – Study results revealed logistics capability to be positively related to firm performance in the e‐commerce market. However, counter‐intuitively, logistics outsourcing and firm performance were not found to be positively linked. Further, the association between logistics capability a.
Quantitative Detection of Human Adenoviruses in Wastewater and Combined Sewer Overflows Influencing a Michigan River

ABSTRACT Enteric viruses are important pathogens found in contaminated surface waters and have previously been detected in waters of the Great Lakes. Human adenoviruses were monitored because of their high prevalence and persistence in aquatic environments. In this study, we quantified adenoviruses in wastewater, surface water, and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) by real-time PCR. Between August 2005 and August 2006, adenovirus concentrations in raw sewage, primary-treated effluent, secondary-treated effluent, and chlorinated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in Michigan were examined. CSO samples (n = 6) were collected from a CSO retention basin in Grand Rapids, MI. Adenoviruses were detected in 100% of wastewater and CSO discharge samples. Average adenovirus DNA concentrations in sewage and CSOs were 1.15 × 106 viruses/liter and 5.35 × 105 viruses/liter, respectively. Adenovirus removal was <2 log10 (99%) at the wastewater treatment plant. Adenovirus type 41 (60% of clones), type 12 (29%), type 40 (3%), type 2 (3%), and type 3 (3%) were isolated from raw sewage and primary effluents (n = 28). Six of 20 surface water samples from recreational parks at the lower Grand River showed virus concentrations above the real-time PCR detection limit (average, 7.8 × 103 viruses/liter). This research demonstrates that wastewater effluents and wastewater-impacted surface waters in the lower Grand River in Michigan contain high levels of viruses and may not be suitable for full-body recreational activities. High concentrations of adenovirus in these waters may be due to inefficient removal during wastewater treatment and to the high persistence of these viruses in the environment.
Smoking cessation activities by pharmacists in East Texas.

The use of tobacco leads to more than 400,000 deaths each year in the United States.1 Surveys have shown that 70% of the 46 million smokers in the United States have some desire to stop.2 Fortunately, drug and behavioral therapies are available to assist smokers in their cessation efforts. However, the powerfully addictive nature of nicotine prevents many people from quitting on their own. Community pharmacists are in an ideal position to promote smoking cessation because of the number of patients they interact with in their practice settings and because of their knowledge of pharmacokinetics and prescription and nonprescription nicotine replacement therapies.3,4
Is food advertising culture-bound?: contradictory results from three European countries

The objective of this study was to examine the proposition frequently noted in the extant literature that food advertising is culture-bound. Print advertisements for food, from Poland, Ireland and England, were content-analysed using Pollay's (1983) value appeals, linked to The objective of this study was to examine the proposition frequently noted in the extant literature that food advertising is culture-bound. Print advertisements for food, from Poland, Ireland and England, were content-analysed using Pollay's (1983) value appeals, linked to GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) dimensions. Data analysis revealed that there were both differences and similarities in value appeals usage; however, these variations could not be related to, or explained with, cultural dimensions. These results contradict the proposition that food advertising is one of the most culture-bound forms of advertising. They suggest that advertisers seldom use culturally congruent appeals in food advertisements. Further research is needed to determine how these differences and similarities may be explained.
Building Strong Service Brands: The Hierarchical Relationship between Brand Equity Dimensions

This study examines the hierarchical relationship between the brand equity dimensions of brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality, brand association and brand loyalty in service context. Analysis of data collected from actual consumers of mobile telecommunications showed significant direct and indirect impact of brand equity dimensions on overall brand equity. The results showed that perceived quality is an important aspect of building strong service brands. The implications of the study results and future research directions are also presented.
Financial Reporting Quality And Acquisition Profitability: Evidence From Korea

In this paper, we examine the association between financial reporting quality and acquisition profitability in a sample of 282 acquisitions in South Korea between 2001 and 2011. Using the accruals quality measure developed by Dechow and Dichev (2002) and McNichols (2002), we find that firms with high-quality financial reporting make more profitable acquisitions, as measured by the bidder's announcement returns. In addition, we find that the importance of financial reporting quality increases in firms with poor information environments.
Motives, barriers and quality evaluation in fish consumption situations: Exploring and comparing heavy and light users in Spain and Belgium

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate motives and barriers for eating fish among light users and heavy users, to discuss consumer evaluation of fish quality, and to explore the existence of cross‐cultural fish consumer segments.Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative data were collected through six focus group discussions, three in Spain and three in Belgium. In each country, one group consisted of heavy users while two groups included light users.Findings – The same attitudinal motives and barriers for fish consumption can be found in both countries and across user groups, even though fish consumption levels differ considerably. The main motives for eating fish are health and taste, while the main barriers are price perception, smell when cooking fish, and that fish does not deliver the same level of satiety as compared to meat. Big differences are found between countries and user groups with respect to preparation skills and the use of quality cues. Heavy users are very skilled in eval.
Knowledge Acquisition in the Global Strategic Alliance Network

This paper aims to empirically examine how shipping companies can effectively acquire knowledge from their strategic alliance partners. This paper adopts cooperative network embeddedness mechanism, such as network density and tie closeness, as a channel through which to acquire more knowledge for shipping participants within a strategic alliance network. This study also examines the moderating role of competition between alliance partners in reinforcing the effectiveness of the cooperative relationships on the knowledge acquisition. Based on the literature, hypotheses to predict the aforementioned associations between cooperative network embeddedness and knowledge acquisition and the moderating role of competition in facilitating that association are established. A quantitative research method using survey data conducted in the Korean shipping industry was employed in order to empirically test the presented hypotheses. The results show that if players in a shipping alliance network are embedded in a dense network and have close relationships with their alliance partners, this helps to facilitate a greater degree of knowledge acquisition from the partners; and the impact of network density on the knowledge acquisition would be intensified with the higher level of competition between shipping companies.
The Level of Shareholder Protection and the Value Relevance of Accounting Numbers: Evidence from the European Union Before and After IFRS

This paper investigates the impact of the adoption of IFRS on the relative position of six European countries concerning the value relevance of accounting numbers and whether the level of shareholders protection is likely to influence this impact. This research provides evidence on the change from a context where accounting numbers are significantly more value relevant in the Anglo-Saxon countries than in Continental countries (pre-IFRS period) to a context where the value relevance of accounting numbers differs significantly between countries with different levels of shareholder protection (post-IFRS period). This finding suggests the importance of considering shareholder protection when promoting the adoption of IFRS around the world.