Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Life after prison : the relationship between employment and re-incarceration

We explore the relationship between formal employment and recidivism using a dataset that follows every Norwegian resident released from prison in 2003 for several years. By the end of 2006, 27 percent are re-incarcerated. Using a Cox proportional hazard model that controls for a host of individual characteristics, we find that the hazard of re-incarceration is 63 percent lower for those getting employed compared to those not getting employed. While some of the moderating association between employment and re-incarceration is accounted for by observable individual characteristics, the substantially lower hazard for those getting employed indicates a possibility of a considerable benign effect of employment on recidivism. Our analysis thus provides further indication that provision of employment opportunities can facilitate the return to society after release from prison.
The role of feedback in accretion on low-luminosity AGN: Sgr A* case study

We present numerical models of the gas dynamics in the inner parsec of the Galactic centre. We follow the gas from its origin as stellar winds of several observed young massive stars, until it is either captured by the central black hole, or leaves the system. Unlike our previous models, we include an outflow from the inner accretion flow. Two different kinds of outflows are modelled: (i) an instantaneous-response feedback mode, in which the outflow rate is directly proportional to the current black hole gas capture rate; and (ii) an outburst mode, which is stronger but lasts for a limited time. The latter situation may be particularly relevant to Sgr A*, since there is evidence that Sgr A* was much brighter in the recent past. We find that both types of outflow perturb the gas dynamics near the Bondi radius and the black hole capture rate significantly. The effects persist longer than the outflow itself. We also compare the effects of spherically symmetric and collimated outflows, and find that the latter are far less efficient in transferring its energy to the surrounding gas near the capture radius. Our results imply that accretion feedback is important for non-radiative accretion flows not only within but also outside the capture radius. Steady-state Bondi accretion rate estimates that do not account for feedback outflows over-predict not only the accretion rate onto the black hole but also the capture rate at the Bondi radius itself. Finally, the steady-state assumption under which non-radiative flows have been routinely studied in the literature may have to be abandoned if accretion feedback is bursty in nature.
Factors affecting Work Locus of Control: An Analytical and Comparative Study

Work locus of control of employees refers to how employees believe that they can control work events. Individuals with high scores on the Work Locus of Control Scale developed by Spector are considered externals. Externals believe that external forces such as faith or luck determine events. Internals believe that they have more control over work environment and events. Major personality attributes influence organizational behavior. Locus of control attribute has been found to be a powerful predictor of behavior in organizations. Almost all related research has been conducted in Western English speaking countries. Relatively, few studies have investigated locus of control in other cultures. Most cross-national studies have been done in Confucian Asia, almost neglecting Arab countries. This study investigated a sample of Jordanian employees from three different local organizations through distributing, collecting and analyzing a questionnaire. The sample size was based on 50% proportion with a confidence level of 95% and an acceptable error of 0.07. The study examined the effect of some independent variables such as demographic variables among others on the employee work locus of control. A new independent variable was introduced which is related to employee religiousness. A focus group was formed to help develop the operational definition of this variable. Feeling religious and commitment to worship with a four points Likert type scale was used. The study indicated that a correlation exists between this new variable and work locus of control. Also the study showed that work locus of control for Jordanian employees ranked in the middle of the international norms. The sample scored 47 which is about ten points lower than the extremist Externals in China and ten points higher than the other extreme of Internals in New Zealand.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimlerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Arastirmada ogretmen adaylarinin elestirel dusunme egilimlerini cinsiyet, ogrenim gorulen anabilim dali, alan (sosyal-fen) ve sinif duzeyi degiskenlerine gore incelemek amaciyla Afyon Kocatepe Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi’nde 2013-2014 ogretim yilinda ogrenim goren 278 ogretmen adayi ile calisilmistir. Arastirmada genel tarama modeli kullanilmistir. Sonucta arastirmaya katilan ogretmen adaylarinin elestirel dusunme egilimi ve alt boyutlarinda olumlu yonde bir duzeye sahip olduklari ve cinsiyete gore elestirel dusunme egilimi ile analitiklik ve acik fikirlilik; alan degiskenine gore elestirel dusunme egilimi ile dogruyu arama ve sistematiklik alt boyutlarinda anlamli farklilik oldugu belirlenmistir. Sinif degiskenine gore ise egilim ve alt boyutlarinda anlamli bir farklilik bulunmamistir. Anabilim dali degiskenine gore ise elestirel dusunme egilimi ile kendine guven, dogruyu arama ve sistematiklik alt boyutlarinda anlamli bir farklilik bulunmustur.
Development and Analysis of Self-Decontaminating Coatings

DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF SELF-DECONTAMINATING COATINGS Jeffrey G. Lundin George Mason University, 2011 Thesis Director: Dr. Robert F. Cozzens Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are amongst the deadliest known chemicals. Despite international agreements which ban their use, threats posed by CWAs remain high, especially considering recent global events. 2 Although commonly referred to as poison gases, CWAs are most often liquids, which exhibit degradation half-lives on the order of days to several weeks, depending on conditions, classifying them as persistent threats. Therefore, following their dispersion, the most likely mode of exposure an individual will encounter is contact with residual agent on a contaminated surface. To reduce the risk, this research incorporated novel catalytic additives into commercial military urethane coatings, thereby imparting continuous self-decontamination to any paintable surface. An ideal self-decontaminating coating must quickly detoxify harmful surface residing chemical agents, maintain the integrity of the original surface and be cost effective. Novel organic and organometallic additives were designed, synthesized and incorporated into commercial resin systems at low loadings. Additives selected for the investigation included fullerene, cyclodextrin, and polyoxometalate compounds. CWA simulants employed in the examination of surface reactivity included 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide, Demeton-S and Malathion. Upon illumination with visible light, the fullerene containing coatings exhibited photocatalytic degradation of CWA simulants on the surface, which resulted in oxidation by-products. Continuously active, catalytic self-decontaminating coating surfaces with activity against CWA simulants were developed and demonstrated without significant alterations to the coating’s physical properties.
Where to Seek Strategic Assets for Competitive Catch-up? A configurational study of emerging multinational enterprises expanding into foreign strategic factor markets

Emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs) often engage in strategic-asset-seeking foreign direct investment (FDI) for competitive catch-up. This study explores the linkages between an EMNE’s competitive scenario consisting of a configuration of its awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) conditions and the comparative institutional advantages of its strategic-asset-seeking destination. Our configurational analyses of Chinese FDIs in the technology-intensive industries of OECD countries reveal a taxonomy of four distinct asset-seeking strategies of EMNEs. Our findings shed novel insights into the strategic variations within EMNEs based on a theoretically and methodologically extended AMC framework. This study also extends the varieties of capitalism literature by addressing the implications of comparative institutional advantages for foreign entrants, rather than domestic incumbent firms.
Application of the high pressure torsion supported by mechanical alloying for the metal-graphene composites preparation

From the time when the method of a monolayer graphene preparation was published the scientific activity concerning the properties, production and application of this special form of carbon is very intensive. Graphene is two dimensional (2D) crystalline material, stable in a wide temperature range, possessing unusual electronic,electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. Graphene and the graphene oxide properties may be used in the range of the metal matrix composites, in which case graphene particles may improve electrical and thermal conductivity or/and strength of the material. The paper presents results of the studies concerning application of the high pressure torsion, one of the method of intensive deformation of metals to the powders consolidation to the homogenous composite metal-graphene structure. The aluminum and copper graphene compositions were investigated. It was found that mechanical alloying as the preliminary step increased density and microhardness of the samples achieved by the High Pressure Torsion. As a result small, thin and round samples of composites and similar metallic samples not containing graphene, about 10 mm in diameter were achieved. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (ТЕМ), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to study structure and analyze graphene content and atomic bonds. The Raman spectroscopy proved the presence of the multilayer graphene which could also be identified as the defected nano-graphitc as a component of the composite structure. In case of the Algraphene composites small content of the aluminum carbides was detected as well. The metallic matrices of the samples revealed highly dispersed microstructures transmission electron microscopy show, in dependence on the number of rotations applied in the High Pressure Torsion process, leading to the increased plastic deformation of the consolidated 1 Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland 2 Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia 3 Instutute of Catalysis and Surfaces Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland INNOVATIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2014 148 material. The XPS method revealed increased amount of the carbon-metal and carbonmetaloxygen atomic bonds in the case of the metal-graphene composites, suggesting partial transformation of the multilayer graphene in the graphene due to the high range of deformations applied.
ANALISIS PERENCANAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA YANG EFEKTIF

Planning HRD represents former activity from all existing activity in course of HRDM. Planning in management play a part and the function which of vital importance to determine organizational direction. Organizational efficacy determined by effective planning HRD. There are various factor influencing effectivity of planning HRD, what very sliver its bearing with strategy organ izational. Correlate planning HRD into formulation step in strategy implementation, organization earn to improve opportunity own the right people at the right place and time. Result from this integration in substansial own important meaning from organizational importance.
Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Localize Brain Function?

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) uses constant (TDCS) or alternating currents (TACS) to modulate brain activity. Most TES studies apply low-intensity currents through scalp electrodes (≤2 mA) using bipolar electrode arrangements, producing weak electrical fields in the brain (<1 V/m). Low-intensity TES has been employed in humans to induce changes in task performance during or after stimulation. In analogy to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation, TES-induced behavioral effects have often been taken as evidence for a causal involvement of the brain region underlying one of the two stimulation electrodes, often referred to as the active electrode. Here, we critically review the utility of bipolar low-intensity TES to localize human brain function. We summarize physiological substrates that constitute peripheral targets for TES and may mediate subliminal or overtly perceived peripheral stimulation during TES. We argue that peripheral co-stimulation may contribute to the behavioral effects of TES and should be controlled for by “sham” TES. We discuss biophysical properties of TES, which need to be considered, if one wishes to make realistic assumptions about which brain regions were preferentially targeted by TES. Using results from electric field calculations, we evaluate the validity of different strategies that have been used for selective spatial targeting. Finally, we comment on the challenge of adjusting the dose of TES considering dose–response relationships between the weak tissue currents and the physiological effects in targeted cortical areas. These considerations call for caution when attributing behavioral effects during or after low-intensity TES studies to a specific brain region and may facilitate the selection of best practices for future TES studies.
Patient-reported severity of dry eye and quality of life in diabetes

Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between patient-reported severity of dry eye disease (DED), quality of life (QoL), presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and length of disease duration in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Patients and methods A survey of 152 people (110 with and 42 without diabetes). All participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Dry Eye-related Quality of Life Score (DEQS) questionnaires. Results Forty-four percent of all diabetic subjects reported dry eye symptoms, compared to 29% in the control group. Patients with DM2 reported dry eye symptoms more frequently than those with DM1 (55% and 27% respectively, P=0.001). Dry eye severity was linked to a significant deterioration in QoL in both types of diabetes (DM1, r=0.609 and P=0.036; DM2, r=0.417 and P=0.011). Irrespective of DR, the presence of DED was significantly higher in DM2 compared to DM1 (with DR, P=0.011; without DR, P=0.018). Conclusion Dry eye symptoms are associated with reduced QoL and are more common in people with DM2 than in DM1, irrespective of DR status. Routine clinical screening for severe DED could potentially allow for a timely and more effective treatment and could contribute to mitigating the dry eye-associated reduction in QoL in those with DM2.
Yedinci Sınıf İnsan ve Çevre Ünitesine Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım: Dinamik ve Karmaşık Çevre Problemlerinin Öğretilmesi

Bu calisma, mevcut 7. Sinif Bilim ve Teknoloji mufredatinin olgu odakli ve indirgemeci cevre icerigine bir alternatif olusturmaktadir. Ogrencilere, daha ust duzey bilissel beceriler kazandirmayi ve gunumuzdeki dinamik ve karmasik cevre problemlerini daha iyi kavramalarina yardimci olmayi amaclanmaktadir. Fen ve Teknoloji mufredatindaki tek cevre odakli unite olan “Insan ve Cevre Unitesi”ne alternatif bir bakis gelistirilmis, sistem yaklasimi ile hazirlanan uygulamanin etkinligi orijinal olarak gelistirilen cesitli testlerle sinanmistir. Yari-deneysel olarak tasarlanan arastirmada, karsilastirma grubunda 20, deney grubunda 22 yedinci sinif ogrencisiyle calisilmistir. Deney grubu nedensel dongu semalari, stok-akis semalari ve dinamik sistem modelleriyle ogrenim gorurken, karsilastirma grubuna ayni cevre icerigi mufredatin onerileri dogrultusunda uygulanmistir. Uygulanan testler sonucunda, deney grubunun sistem dusuncesi becerilerinin daha fazla gelistigi ve dinamik cevre sorunlarini anlamlandirmada daha basarili olduklari saptanmistir. Fen basari ve onkosul beceri testlerinin hicbirinde gruplar arasi farka astlanmamistir. Alti ay sonra uygulanan gecikmeli testlerde ise, ogrencilerin sistem dusuncesi becerileri arasindaki fark azalirken, deney grubundaki ogrencilerin dinamik cevre problemlerini anlamlandirmada hala daha basarili olduklari gorulmustur. Anahtar sozcukler: Sistem dusuncesi becerileri, cevre egitimi, sistem yaklasimi
Factors Contributing to Job Engagement in Ugandan Nurses and Midwives

Despite the difficult working conditions many nurses in Sub-Saharan Africa experience resulting in their migration or leaving the profession, there are nurses who thrive and stay engaged. Understanding what factors play a role in enhancing nurses' job engagement might help health care and training institutions develop interventions to enable nurses learn methods to help retain their job engagement. Research in Norway has produced a theory about how job engagement can be protected, called the Self-tuning Model of Self-Care, which was used to explore the phenomenon of job engagement in Ugandan nurses. In-depth interviews were conducted in 2010, with a purposive sample of 15 nurses and midwives. Qualitative content analysis of the data was conducted. Findings from Uganda show that the Self-Tuning Model can be used both as a framework for analysis and as a model of how nurses can promote their experience of job engagement. Nurses should be encouraged to practice habitual introspection and reflection about the satisfactions they derive from work, to enable them retain a high level of job engagement despite the adversities of nursing practice.
INTER-GENERATIONAL EMPLOYMENT SPILLOVERS FROM TOURISM ACROSS THE EU

How much of an economic stimulus does tourism in the EU provide by generating jobs and boosting aggregate employment? Using unbalanced panel data samples across 301 NUTS-2 statistical regions for the period 2006–2017, the impact of the tourism industry on employment rates in these regions has been analysed. This paper utilises the generalised method of moments (GMM) and Granger causality tests in panel data models to investigate the hypothesis that tourism indices per capita are on average positively associated with employment rates. In the analysis, older workers were segregated as a group and regressed separately, along with other groups of workers. The subsample analyses across regions indicate that those aged 15–64, followed by workers aged 20–64, are amongst the largest beneficiaries of these spill-overs in terms of higher employment rates. Using a robust system generalised method of moments (SGMM), the results show that no definitive conclusion could be made for older workers—those aged 55– 64— because the SGMM regression yielded a not significant result.
Cryptotanshinone inhibits esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo through the suppression of STAT3 activation

Purpose Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common subtype of esophageal cancer, with a poor clinical outcome. Cryptotanshinone (CTS) is the main bioactive compound from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Our study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of CTS on ESCC. Materials and methods We investigated the anti-tumor activity of CTS on ESCC in vitro and in vivo. Activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway was evaluated in ESCC and HEK-Blue™ IL-6 cells. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were assessed using flow cytometry. Cell migration was detected by a scratch wound assay. Results CTS inhibited STAT3 expression and IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation in esophageal cancer cells. Subsequently, CTS dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells via induction of cell apoptosis. Furthermore, CTS suppressed the migration of esophageal cancer cells. In vivo, CTS inhibited tumor growth of EC109 cell in xenograft mice without any obvious effect on body weight. Conclusion Our results indicated that STAT3 inhibition may be a therapeutic target for esophageal cancer. CTS could provide a potential approach for esophageal cancer therapy by influencing the janus kinase-2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Capsaicin Induces Apoptosis in KSHV-Positive Primary Effusion Lymphoma by Suppressing ERK and p38 MAPK Signaling and IL-6 Expression

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is defined as a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma which is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in immunosuppressed patients. PEL is an aggressive lymphoma and is frequently resistant to conventional chemotherapies. Therefore, it is critical to investigate novel therapeutic options for PEL. Capsaicin is a pungent component of chili pepper and possesses unique pharmacological effects, such as pain relief, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties. Here, we demonstrate that capsaicin markedly inhibited the growth of KSHV latently infected PEL cells by inhibiting ERK, p38 MAPK and expression hIL-6, which are known to contribute to PEL growth and survival. The underlying mechanism of action by capsaicin was through the inhibition of ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and signaling that affected hIL-6 expression. As a result, capsaicin induced apoptosis in PEL cells in a caspase-9 dependent manner. In line with these results, ERK (U0126) and p38 MAPK (SB203580) specific signaling inhibitors suppressed hIL-6 expression and attenuated cell growth in PEL cells. Furthermore, the addition of hIL-6 neutralizing antibody to culture medium suppressed the growth of PEL cells. We also demonstrate that capsaicin suppressed PEL cell growth in the absence of nascent viral replication. Finally, we confirmed ex vivo treatment of capsaicin attenuated PEL development in SCID mice. Taken together, capsaicin could represent a lead compound for PEL therapy without the risk of de novo KSHV infection.