Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entanglement and quantum combinatorial designs

We introduce the notion of quantum orthogonal arrays as a generalization of orthogonal arrays. These quantum combinatorial designs naturally induce the concepts of quantum Latin squares, cubes, hypercubes and a notion of orthogonality between them. Furthermore, quantum orthogonal arrays are one-to-one related to $k$-uniform states, i.e., pure states such that every reduction to $k$ parties is maximally mixed. We derive quantum orthogonal arrays having an arbitrary large number of columns and, consequently, infinitely many classes of mutually orthogonal quantum Latin arrangements and absolutely maximally entangled states.
A Review of Detection Methods for the Plant Viruses

The early and accurate detection of plant viruses is an essential component to control those. Because the globalization of trade by free trade agreement (FTA) and the rapid climate change promote the country-tocountry transfer of viruses and their hosts and vectors, diagnosis of viral diseases is getting more important. Because symptoms of viral diseases are not distinct with great variety and are confused with those of abiotic stresses, symptomatic diagnosis may not be appropriate. From the last three decades, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), developed based on serological principle, have been widely used. However, ELISAs to detect plant viruses decrease due to some limitations such as availability of antibody for target virus, cost to produce antibody, requirement of large volume of sample, and time to complete ELISAs. Many advanced techniques allow overcoming demerits of ELISAs. Since the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) developed as a technique to amplify target DNA, PCR evolved to many variants with greater sensitivity than ELISAs. Many systems of plant virus detection are reviewed here, which includes immunological-based detection system, PCR techniques, and hybridization-based methods such as microarray. Some of techniques have been used in practical, while some are still under developing to get the level of confidence for actual use.
Gender and Public Attitudes Toward Corruption and Tax Evasion

The topics of corruption and tax evasion have attracted significant attention in the literature in recent years. We build on that literature by investigating empirically: (1) whether attitudes toward corruption and tax evasion vary systematically with gender and (2) whether gender differences decline as men and women face similar opportunities for illicit behavior. We use data on eight Western European countries from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey. The results reveal significantly greater aversion to corruption and tax evasion among women. This holds across countries and time, and across numerous empirical specifications. (JEL H260, D730, J160, Z130)
ON-SKY DEMONSTRATION OF A LINEAR BAND-LIMITED MASK WITH APPLICATION TO VISUAL BINARY STARS

We have designed and built the first band-limited coronagraphic mask used for ground-based high-contrast imaging observations. The mask resides in the focal plane of the near-infrared camera PHARO at the Palomar Hale telescope and receives a well-corrected beam from an extreme adaptive optics system. Its performance on-sky with single stars is comparable to current state-of-the-art instruments: contrast levels of ∼10−5 or better at 0. ″8 in Ks after post-processing, depending on how well non-common-path errors are calibrated. However, given the mask's linear geometry, we are able to conduct additional unique science observations. Since the mask does not suffer from pointing errors down its long axis, it can suppress the light from two different stars simultaneously, such as the individual components of a spatially resolved binary star system, and search for faint tertiary companions. In this paper, we present the design of the mask, the science motivation for targeting binary stars, and our preliminary results, including the detection of a candidate M-dwarf tertiary companion orbiting the visual binary star HIP 48337, which we are continuing to monitor with astrometry to determine its association.
Taxonomy and biogeography of Stephanoxis Simon, 1897 (Aves: Trochilidae)

Apos a descricao no seculo XIX de duas especies de beija-flores atualmente alocados no genero Stephanoxis, ambos os taxons foram considerados subespecies por Peters (1945), sem que o autor fornecesse qualquer justificativa para tal decisao taxonomica. Com base em um expressivo numero de exemplares nos reavaliamos a taxonomia e o limite de especies dos representantes deste genero, e demonstramos que ambos sao mais bem tratados como especies plenas sob os Conceitos Biologico e Filogenetico de Especie devido aos bem definidos padroes de plumagem e de distribuicao geografica, assim como pela distinta reciprocidade monofiletica. Ambos os taxons sao separados por cerca de 160 quilometros entre a Serra do Mar, a leste, e a Serra de Paranapiacaba, a oeste, dentro do Estado de Sao Paulo. A distribuicao das duas especies de Stephanoxis e congruente com as de outras especies de aves montanas, o que sugere eventos vicariantes compartilhados durante periodos interglaciais preteritos.
Adaptive Smoothing of Seismicity in Time, Space, and Magnitude for Time‐Dependent Earthquake Forecasts for California

We present new methods for short‐term earthquake forecasting that employ space, time, and magnitude kernels to smooth seismicity. These methods are purely statistical and rely on very few assumptions about seismicity. In particular, we do not use Omori–Utsu law, and only one of our two new models assumes a Gutenberg–Richter law to model the magnitude distribution; the second model estimates the magnitude distribution nonparametrically with kernels. We employ adaptive kernels of variable bandwidths to estimate seismicity in space, time, and magnitude bins. To project rates over short time scales into the future, we simply assume persistence, that is, a constant rate over short time windows. The resulting forecasts from the two new kernel models are compared with those of the epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model generated by Werner et al. (2011). Although our new methods are simpler and require fewer parameters than ETAS, the obtained probability gains are surprisingly close. Nonetheless, ETAS performs significantly better in most comparisons, and the kernel model with a Gutenberg–Richter law attains larger gains than the kernel model that nonparametrically estimates the magnitude distribution. Finally, we show that combining ETAS and kernel model forecasts, by simply averaging the expected rate in each bin, can provide greater predictive skill than ETAS or the kernel models can achieve individually.
A high temperature structural phase transition in crocoite (PbCrO4) at 1068 K: crystal structure refinement at 1073 K and thermal expansion tensor determination at 1000 K

Abstract High-resolution, neutron time-of-flight, powder diffraction data have been collected on natural crocoite between 873 and 1073 K. Thermal analysis carried out in the 1920s had suggested that chemically pure PbCrO4 exhibited two structural phase transitions, at 964 K, to the β phase, and at 1056 K, to the γ phase. In this study, no evidence was found for the α-β structural phase transition, however a high-temperature phase transition was found at ~1068 K from the ambient-temperature monazite structure type to the baryte structure type. The phase transition, close to the temperatures reported for the β to γ phase modifications, is first order and is accompanied by a change in volume of –1.6%. The crystal structure of this phase has been refined using the Rietveld method to agreement factors of Rp = 0.018, Rwp = 0.019, Rp = 0.011. No evidence for premonitory behaviour was found in the temperature dependence of the monoclinic lattice constants from 873 K to 1063 K and these have been used to determine the thermal expansion tensor of crocoite just below the phase transition. At 1000 K the magnitudes of the tensor coefficients are α11, 2.66(1)× 10-5 K-1; α22, 2.04(1)× 10-5 K-1; α33, 4.67(4) × 10-5 K-1; and α13, -1.80(2) × 10-5 K-1 using the IRE convention for the orientation of the tensor basis. The orientation of the principal axes of the thermal expansion tensor are very close to those reported previously for the temperature range 50–300 K.
The Preferences of Trieste Inhabitants for the Re-Use of the Old Port: A Conjoint Choice Experiment

In many developed countries, abandoned (derelict or underused) industrial areas often occupy important parts of the cities. This raises issues about the possibilities of reusing these areas as well as on the conservation of industrial heritage they often entail. Conjoint Analysis (CA) can shed light on these issues as it can elicit the preferences of inhabitants for different scenarios of reuse. So far, only a limited number of applications of CA have been made on this topic. In this article, we present the results of a CA experiment on the reuse of a large, mainly abandoned, port area in Trieste (Italy) featuring buildings with some historical and industrial heritage value. Three hundred computer assisted interviews have been made on a representative sample of Trieste inhabitants, eliciting their preferences for different reuse hypotheses and building conservation scenarios. The survey explores two original topics: the impact of the time horizon of the payment (single or decennial special purpose tax) and the consideration of various mixes of future uses. The collected data have been processed using latent class and mixed logit models to explore heterogeneity among interviewees' preferences. Our findings show that, while preferences clearly emerge in favor of tourism and leisure oriented uses, preferences in terms of conservation and the impact of cost are much more difficult to measure. This difficulty persists even when specified or non specified heterogeneity is taken into account, although Mixed Logit estimate provides more convincing results.
A KECK LGS AO SEARCH FOR BROWN DWARF AND PLANETARY MASS COMPANIONS TO UPPER SCORPIUS BROWN DWARFS

We searched for binary companions to 20 young brown dwarfs in the Upper Scorpius association (145 pc, 5 Myr, nearest OB association) with the Laser Guide Star adaptive optics system and the facility infrared camera NIRC2 on the 10 m Keck II telescope. We discovered a 0. ″14 companion (20.9 ± 0.4 AU) to the <0.1 M☉ object SCH J16091837−20073523. From spectral deconvolution of integrated-light near-IR spectroscopy of SCH1609 using the SpeX spectrograph (Rayner et al. 2003), we estimate primary and secondary spectral types of M6 ± 0.5 and M7 ± 1.0, corresponding to masses of 79 ± 17 MJup and 55 ± 25 MJup at an age of 5 Myr and masses of 84 ± 15 MJup and 60 ± 25 MJup at an age of 10 Myr. For our survey objects with spectral types later than M8, we find an upper limit on the binary fraction of <9% (1σ) at separations of 10–500 AU. We combine the results of our survey with previous surveys of Upper Sco and similar young regions to set the strongest constraints to date on binary fraction for young substellar objects and very low mass stars. The binary fraction for low-mass (<40 MJup) brown dwarfs in Upper Sco is similar to that for T dwarfs in the field; for higher mass brown dwarfs and very low mass stars, there is an excess of medium-separation (10–50 AU projected separation) young binaries with respect to the field. These medium-separation binaries will likely survive to late ages.
Father-inclusive practice and associated professional competencies

It is widely accepted that, over recent decades, fathers’ roles have changed to include more care of infants and young children. It is now normal, for example, for fathers to attend the birth of their first child, and in many areas antenatal classes include special topics or discussions for fathers. More fathers are also noticeably pushing strollers, dropping off toddlers at child care and volunteering for literacy tutoring in schools.
Scale Examination of the Factor Structure and Concurrent Validity of the Langer Mindfulness / Mindlessness

Langer’s theory of mindfulness proposes that a mindful person seeks out and produces novelty, is attentive to context, and is flexible in thought and behavior. In three independent studies, the factor structure of the Langer Mindfulness/Mindlessness Scale was examined. Confirmatory factor analysis failed to replicate the four-factor model and a subsequent exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of a two-factor (mindfulness and mindlessness) solution. Study 2 demonstrated that the two factors assessed discrete constructs and were not merely products of acquiescence. Support was also found for a nine-item, one-factor model comprised solely of mindfulness items. On comparing models, Study 3 suggested the superiority of the one-factor mindfulness model. Finally, a preliminary investigation of the concurrent validity of the revised nine-item Langer Mindfulness/Mindlessness Scale is presented. The current article offers researchers a revised version of a mindfulness measure derived from a cognitive perspective.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FENOLÓGICA DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS EM ECOSSISTEMA DE TERRA FIRME, AMAPÁ, BRASIL

The objective of this work was to obtain information regarding the reproductive phenology of three forest species: Carapa guianensis Aubl. , Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. and Virola melinonii (Benoist) A.C. Sm. , in up land forest. The study was developed in the municipal of Porto Grande, Amapa. 10 ideotypes of each species were selected and observed the floration, fructification and foliage change for each tree for a period of 28 months. The floration of the species V. melinonii, C. villosum happened during the time of smaller precipitation pluviometric. The most appropriate period for the collection of fruits of C. guianensis and C. villosum is during the months of February to June in the study area. The species V. melinonii presented the event fructification during the drought period.
Adult Hospital Malnutrition Critical Role of Nutrition in Improving Quality of Care: An Interdisciplinary Call to Action to Address

The current era of healthcare delivery, with its focus on providing high-quality, affordable care, presents many challenges to hospitalbased health professionals. The prevention and treatment of hospital malnutrition offer a tremendous opportunity to optimize the overall quality of patient care, improve clinical outcomes, and reduce costs. Unfortunately, malnutrition continues to go unrecognized and untreated in many hospitalized patients. This article represents a call to action from the interdisciplinary Alliance to Advance Patient Nutrition to highlight the critical role of nutrition intervention in clinical care and to suggest practical ways to promptly diagnose and treat malnourished patients and those at risk for malnutrition. We underscore the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to addressing malnutrition both in the hospital and in the acute posthospital phase. It is well recognized that malnutrition is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Although data vary across studies, available evidence shows that early nutrition intervention can reduce complication rates, length of hospital stay, readmission rates, mortality, and cost of care. The key is to systematically identify patients who are malnourished or at risk and to promptly intervene. We present a novel care model to drive improvement, emphasizing the following 6 principles: (1) create an institutional culture where all stakeholders value nutrition, (2) redefine clinicians’ roles to include nutrition care, (3) recognize and diagnose all malnourished patients and those at risk, (4) rapidly implement comprehensive nutrition interventions and continued monitoring, (5) communicate nutrition care plans, and (6) develop a comprehensive discharge nutrition care and education plan. (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013;37:482-497)
Curing, Hydration, and Microstructure of Cement Paste

This paper compares hydration characteristics and microstructures of cement pastes with water-cement ratios (w/c) of 0.35 and 0.435, cured under saturated and sealed conditions. Degree of hydration is quantified by loss on ignition (LOI) measurements. The microstructures, and specifically the pore structures, of the hydrated pastes are evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and low temperature calorimetry. The w/c specimens (equal to 0.35) cured under sealed conditions first form a depercolated (disconnected) capillary pore system that later reconnects due to self-desiccation and autogenous shrinkage. Conversely, in the w/c specimens (equal to 0.435), there is some indication that sealed curing actually leads to an earlier depercolation of the remaining capillary pores than saturated curing, but without a subsequent repercolation. The results indicate the criticality of proper curing for both w/c specimens, suggesting that curing for strength and curing for durability may require different practices and may provide the impetus for innovative curing strategies to produce concretes with optimum properties.
NMF vs ICA for face recognition

This paper deals with the application of spatially localized, nonoverlapping features for face recognition. The analysis is carried out by using the features generated from two closely related techniques known as independent component analysis (ICA) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). A set of statistically independent basis vectors with sparse features is derived from ICA. Likewise, NMF is used to yield sparse representation of localized features to represent distributed parts over a human face. Similarities between reconstructed faces of test images and a set of synthesised face representations from the basis vectors derived from an image database using the two techniques are measured. The strengths and weaknesses of each method in the context of face recognition are discussed.
Studies on digitalis. XVI. Effects on myocardial oxygen consumption.

The effects of cardiac glycosides on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo2) have been investigated extensively, and although the results of these studies have not been entirely uniform, it is now generally considered that these agents are "the only drugs which increase the force of contraction of the myocardium without at the same time increasing oxygen consumption" (1). The finding in previous investigations that digitalis does not increase MVo2 (2-8) would not appear to be compatible with observations that the glycosides increase the velocity of myocardial fiber shortening (9, 10), since recent studies have suggested that the latter variable is an important determinant of MVo2 (11, 12). These considerations prompted an examination of the effect of acetylstrophanthidin on MVo2 in a preparation that allowed control of hemodynamic variables other than contraction velocity that can significantly influence MVo2.
IS PROTOSTELLAR HEATING SUFFICIENT TO HALT FRAGMENTATION? A CASE STUDY OF THE MASSIVE PROTOCLUSTER G8.68−0.37

If star formation proceeds by thermal fragmentation and the subsequent gravitational collapse of the individual fragments, how is it possible to form fragments massive enough for O and B stars in a typical star-forming molecular cloud where the Jeans mass is about 1 M☉ at the typical densities (104 cm-3) and temperatures (10 K)? We test the hypothesis that a first generation of low-mass stars may heat the gas enough that subsequent thermal fragmentation results in fragments ⩾10 M☉, sufficient to form B stars. We combine ATCA and Submillimeter Array observations of the massive star-forming region G8.68−0.37 with radiative transfer modeling to derive the present-day conditions in the region and use this to infer the conditions in the past, at the time of core formation. Assuming that the current mass/separation of the observed cores equals the fragmentation Jeans mass/length and the region's average density has not changed requires the gas temperature to have been 100 K at the time of fragmentation. The postulated first generation of low-mass stars would still be around today, but the number required to heat the cloud exceeds the limits imposed by the observations. Several lines of evidence suggest the observed cores in the region should eventually form O stars yet none have sufficient raw material. Even if feedback may have suppressed fragmentation, it was not sufficient to halt it to this extent. To develop into O stars, the cores must obtain additional mass from outside their observationally defined boundaries. The observations suggest that they are currently fed via infall from the very massive reservoir (∼1500 M☉) of gas in the larger parsec scale cloud around the star-forming cores. This suggests that massive stars do not form in the collapse of individual massive fragments, but rather in smaller fragments that themselves continue to gain mass by accretion from larger scales.
Social Media and Learning Styles as Correlates of Senior Secondary Students’ Chemistry Achievement in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

Students spend most of the time they should have spent on reading on social media, meanwhile social media should be a tool for students to enhance their learning styles and improve their achievement in chemistry. Literatures revealed that both learning styles and social media affect the academic performance of students either positively or negatively, however little or no attempt has been made to investigate the effect of both on the academic achievement of students in chemistry. This study thus investigated the effect of learning styles and social media on the achievement of senior secondary school chemistry students in Abeokuta south local government of Ogun State, Nigeria. It is ex post facto research design. The population of study is all the public secondary schools students in Abeokuta South local government area of Ogun State. Random sampling was used to select five schools while forty SSIII chemistry students each were purposely selected from the schools to give a total of 200. The students responded to three research instruments which were Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) (reliability = 0.79), and Social Media Usage Scale (SMUS) (reliability = 0.85). Five research questions were answered and data was analysed with descriptive statistics including graphical presentations. Use of Facebook (57%) was prevalent among the students. Participative learning style (mean = 15.88, mode = 17) was found to be the style commonly used by chemistry students. Both male and female students (t (198) =1.65, p> 0.05) were found to be equal on the use of social media. Students usually shared more personal features than sharing ideas or knowledge. There was no significant relationship between the use of social media and students’ achievement in chemistry. Science students, especially chemistry students are enjoined to devote some of the time they spent on social media for academic development rather than on social affairs mainly.