Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Clause Elimination on SLS for SAT

Stochastic Local Search (SLS) SAT solvers have proven their superiority on random k-SAT formulae during various competitions. One of the goals of ongoing research is to enhance SLS solvers such that they experience a higher success rate on more structured formulae as well. Todays modus operandi to reach this goal is to improve the SLS itself by extending its core functionality, or even have a computer program tune a vast amount of parameters such that the SLS is better adapted for the class of crafted formulae. This paper studies a somewhat orthogonal approach. Instead of implementing new features for the SLS algorithm, we try to alter the formula with currently available preprocessing techniques before the search takes place. We investigate techniques for which we prove that they increase the ratio of the number of satisfying assignments in relation to the search space size of a formula, including the comparatively new techniques of blocked and covered clause elimination (CE). We based our research on the intuition that the more satisfying assignments are available in the search space, the better the SLS performance should become. Preprocessors applying the CE techniques should therefore improve the SLS performance. In contrast, our empirical study shows that these techniques can significantly degrade the performance of SLS, which is an unintuitive result.
When do sell-side analyst reports really matter? Shareholder protection, institutional investors and the importance of equity research

We examine whether the informational content of sell-side analyst reports depends on the strength of a countries’ investor protection and the importance of institutional investors at the individual company level. Our analyses are based on more than 600,000 analyst reports from 2005 to 2010 from eight leading capital markets (U.S., U.K., EU5, Switzerland and Japan). We show that abnormal stock returns to analyst reports increase significantly in investor protection and institutional ownership. Moreover, while both domestic and foreign institutions contribute remarkably to analyst report informativeness when investors are protected less, the impact of foreigners reverses when investor protection is strong. The results are consistent with a positive impact of investor protection and institutional ownership on analyst performance, as well as on corporate governance, as reported in prior studies.
An extended of multiple criteria data envelopment analysis models for ratio data

One of the problems of the data envelopment analysis traditional models in the multiple form that is the weights corresponding to certain inputs and outputs are considered zero in the calculation of efficiency and this means that not all input and output components are utilized for the evaluation of efficiency, as some are ignored. The above issue causes the efficiency score of the under evaluation unit not to be calculated correctly. One of the ways to deal with the pseudo-inefficiency is to use data envelopment analysis models with multi-criteria structure. In this regard, we first investigate the models of data envelopment analysis with multi-criteria structure and further, with regard to the ability of the ratio-based data envelopment analysis models, we develop data envelopment analysis models with a multi-criteria structure for ratio data and the feasibility and the bounded condition of the above models and their efficiency intervals are described. By presenting a numerical example, we compare the efficiency scores obtained from the models presented with the previous models and we show that the proposed models can be used to deal with the pseudo-inefficiency and efficiency underestimation. Finally, we present the results.
Reversing and extended symmetries of shift spaces Journal Item

The reversing symmetry group is considered in the setting of symbolic dynamics. While this group is generally too big to be analysed in detail, there are interesting cases with some form of rigidity where one can determine all symmetries and reversing symmetries explicitly. They include Sturmian shifts as well as classic examples such as the Thue–Morse system with various generalisations or the Rudin–Shapiro system. We also look at generalisations of the reversing symmetry group to higher-dimensional shift spaces, then called the group of extended symmetries. We develop their basic theory for faithful Z-actions, and determine the extended symmetry group of the chair tiling shift, which can be described as a model set, and of Ledrappier’s shift, which is an example of algebraic origin.
Influence of Fano resonance on SERS enhancement in Fano-plasmonic oligomers

Plasmonic oligomers can provide profound Fano resonance in their scattering responses. The sub-radiant mode of Fano resonance can result in significant near-field enhancement due to its light trapping capability into the so-called hotspots. Appearance of these highly localized hotspots at the excitation and/or Stokes wavelengths of the analytes makes such oligomers promising SERS active substrates. In this work, we numerically and experimentally investigate optical properties of two disk-type gold oligomers, which have different strength and origin of Fano resonance. Raman analysis of rhodamine 6G and adenine with the presence of the fabricated oligomers clearly indicates that an increment in the strength of Fano resonance can improve the Raman enhancement of an oligomer significantly. Therefore, by suitable engineering of Fano lineshape, one can achieve efficient SERS active substrates with spatially localized hotspots. © 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
European Nearshoring Index - Is Eastern Europe Attractive for Swiss IT Firms?

The main goal of this paper is to identify the major factors for the decision of Swiss IT service firms to nearshore their locations and to quantify their relative importance. Moreover, we develop an IT Nearshoring Index ranking the attractiveness of different European regions. We use a quantitative survey of 56 Swiss IT service firms that are either actively engaging in nearshoring or planning to nearshore parts of their business. Using the survey, we identified five main factors for the nearshoring location decision of Swiss IT firms: economic, labour, institutional, social and location. We pin down the relative importance (weights) of the aforementioned factors using the survey results and expert interviews. The labour factors (including labour costs on the one and the availability of skilled IT workforce on the other side) proved to be most important. We use the obtained weights to construct a (weighted) IT Nearshoring Index. Based on the IT Nearshoring Index, we find that in contrast to general belief, the most attractive locations cannot be found in Eastern Europe, but in Southern UK or Western Germany. The first is due to their high availability of IT workforce, the latter due to their cultural and geographical proximity. Eastern European regions can base their competitive advantage on offering attractive labour costs, but this cannot make up for the disadvantage of greater cultural and geographical distance to Switzerland.
Understanding Construction Stakeholders’ Experience and Attitudes toward Use of the Structurally Insulated Panels (SIPs) in New Zealand

Abstract: New Zealand faces a housing shortage with construction struggling to meet demand. Structurally insulated panels (SIPs) have been demonstrated internationally as a method of construction which could reduce construction time frames, improve the standard insulation in housing, as well as reduce the amount of waste generated on construction sites. However, anecdotal evidence shows that the SIPs’ adoption is lacking, which is, perhaps, attributed to its industry-wide acceptance level. Thus, in this study, the construction stakeholders, such as architects/designers, builders, territorial authorities and homeowners were targeted to shed light on current status of SIPs use, benefits offered and any barriers inhibiting its industry-wide implementation. This was done through a survey, which was designed to understand the construction stakeholders’ experience levels regarding SIPs use in New Zealand as well as their opinions about any problems associated with the SIPs adoption. Although the stakeholders were happy with the thermal performance offered by SIPs, the results indicate that lack of familiarity and understanding are one of the main barriers to the widespread use of SIPs in New Zealand. Moreover, proper training and clear design information are reported to be crucial to make the building and consenting processes efficient, which will ultimately improve the cost-effectiveness. Despite the barriers (to SIPs adoption) documented by stakeholders, the common belief is that SIPs offer wide-range of benefits to improve performance of the built environment; hence, the stakeholders expressed their willingness to design/build/recommend SIP homes. It is hoped that the findings of this study will guide the industry practitioners in investing their efforts in wider adoption of SIPs in New Zealand.
1 A 2 B adenosine receptor and cancer 2

There are four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), named A1, A2A, A2B and A3, all of 7 which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Locally produced adenosine suppresses in anti8 tumor immune surveillance. The A2BAR, coupled to both Gαs and Gαq G proteins, is one of the 9 several GPCRs that are expressed in a significantly higher level in some cancer tissues in comparison 10 to adjacent normal tissues. There is growing evidence that the A2BAR plays an important role in 11 tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune suppression. Thus, A2BAR 12 antagonists are potentially novel attractive anticancer agents. Several antagonists targeting at A2BAR 13 are currently in clinical trials for various types of cancers. In this review, we first describe the 14 signaling, agonists, and antagonists of the A2BAR. We further discuss the role of the A2BAR in the 15 progression of various cancers, and the rationale of using A2BAR antagonists in cancer therapy. 16
Measurements to determine the mixing state of black carbon emitted from the 2017–2018 California wildfires and urban Los Angeles

The effects of atmospheric black carbon (BC) on climate and public health have been well established, but large uncertainties remain regarding the extent of the impacts of BC at different temporal and spatial scales. These uncertainties are largely due to the heterogeneous nature of BC in terms of its spatiotemporal distribution, mixing state, and coating composition. Here, we seek to further understand the size and mixing state of BC emitted from various sources and aged over different timescales using field measurements in the Los Angeles region. We measured refractory black carbon (rBC) with a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) on Catalina Island, California (∼ 70 km southwest of downtown Los Angeles) during three different time periods. During the first campaign (September 2017), westerly winds were dominant and measured air masses were representative of wellaged background over the Pacific Ocean. In the second and third campaigns (December 2017 and November 2018, respectively), atypical Santa Ana wind conditions allowed us to measure biomass burning rBC (BCbb) from air masses dominated by large biomass burning events in California and fossil fuel rBC (BCff) from the Los Angeles Basin. We observed that the emissions source type heavily influenced both the size distribution of the rBC cores and the rBC mixing state. BCbb had thicker coatings and larger core diameters than BBff. We observed a mean coating thickness (CTBC) of ∼ 40–70 nm and a count mean diameter (CMD) of∼ 120 nm for BCbb. For BCff, we observed a CTBC of∼ 5–15 nm and a CMD of∼ 100 nm. Our observations also provided evidence that aging led to an increased CTBC for both BCbb and BCff. Aging timescales<∼ 1 d were insufficient to thickly coat freshly emitted BCff. However, CTBC for aged BCff within aged background plumes was ∼ 35 nm thicker than CTBC for fresh BCff. Likewise, we found that CTBC for aged BCbb was ∼ 18 nm thicker than CTBC for fresh BCbb. The results presented in this study highlight the wide variability in the BC mixing state and provide additional evidence that the emissions source type and aging influence rBC microphysical properties.
Dissecting Characteristics Non-Parametrically∗

Academic research has identified more than 300 characteristics associated with cross-sectional return premia. We propose a novel, non-parametric methodolody to test which characteristics provide independent information for the cross section of expected returns. We use the adaptive group LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) to select characteristics and estimate splines over intervals of the characteristic distribution. The proposed method overcomes issues traditional methods face and is robust to outliers. Many of the previously identified return predictors do not provide incremental information for expected returns and non-linearities are important. Our proposed methodology has higher out-of-sample explanatory power compared to linear panel regressions and increases Sharpe ratios by 70%.
ALGEBRAIC CONNECTIVITY OF ERDÖS-RÉNYI GRAPHS NEAR THE CONNECTIVITY THRESHOLD

We study the algebraic connectivity, λ2, of an Erdös-Rényi random graph G(n, p) on n vertices, where the edges are chosen with probability p = p0 logn n for some constant p0. It is well-known that the threshold for connectivity of this graph model is p0 = 1; with high probability the graph is connected when p0 > 1 and disconnected when p0 < 1. In the connected regime where p0 > 1 we show that λ2 ∼ anp asymptotically almost surely as n → ∞, where a ∈ (0, 1) satisfies p0 = 1 + ap0(1 − log a). This estimate recovers the two well-known limits λ2 → 0 as p0 → 1 and λ2 ∼ np for np/ log n→∞. We also provide a similar result λ2(L) ∼ 1 for the first non-trivial eigenvalue of the normalized graph Laplacian L in this regime.
Weighted polynomial approximation and Hilbert transforms : Their onne tions to the numeri al solution of singularintegral equationsS

In this article, we explore the fascinating connection between two seemingly unrelated subjects: Weighted polynomial approximation and weighted Hilbert transforms. We show how together they allow for the rigorous study of stability and good numerical approximation of a large class of singular integral equations defined on the real line. The methods and material presented here are primarily ongoing work of the authors and and their collaborators and were presented by the first author at the Fourth international conference on dynamic systems and applications, Atlanta, 21–24 May 2003. 2000 AMS(MOS) Classification: 41A10, 42C05, 44A15, 45E05, 65R20.
jmbReview Intestinal Microbial Dysbiosis in Beagles Naturally Infected with Canine Parvovirus

1College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea 3Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea 4Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea 5Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea 6Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 551058, USA
Corporate Culture and Business Strategy: Which strategies can be applied more easily in which culture?

In the research, it is intended to fill the gap in the literature by identifying the impact of the corporate culture on business strategy. Quantitative research method was used in the study and the data were obtained using the survey technique. According to the results, the most important corporate culture type that has an impact on proactive strategies is adhocracy culture. In the firms where competitive characteristics are dominant, the firms usually prefer aggressive strategies. Imitative and defensive strategies are generally preferred in the firms dominated.
Indian cultural practices and health risk

This paper aims to report the cultural lifestyle factors of Asian Indians in Australia in relation to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). This issue has not been previously explored in the Australian context. This study also seeks to identify factors that could inform health education and rehabilitation programs for migrant Asian Indians in Australia. The qualitative descriptive approach of constructivism was used for this study. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight patients and ﬁve family members. Participants were at risk for coronary heart disease either due to unhealthy diet and/or lack of physical exercise and irregular health checks. Although lifestyle modiﬁcations were implemented by participants after the cardiac event, these changes were implemented inconsistently and without continuity. Knowledge of the beneficial effects of a healthy diet did not deter the participants from continuing to follow unhealthy dietary habits. The introduction of any exercise or physical activity by participants in this study lacked consistency. A positive aspect revealed from this study was the influence of culture and religious faith, which helped patients and family members to cope with the illness trajectory. The results of this study suggest that health education and rehabilitation programs need to be designed specifically for this high-risk group would be beneficial when initiated early in life and need to be targeted to the individual.
Update Breast Cancer 2019 Part 4 – Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of New, Personalised Therapies for Patients with Early Breast Cancer

The further development of therapies for women with early breast cancer is progressing far more slowly than in the case of patients with advanced breast cancer and is additionally delayed compared to developments in metastatic breast cancer. Nonetheless, significant advancements have been able to be recorded recently. This review summarises the latest developments in view of the most recent publications and professional conferences. For hormone-receptor-positive patients, new aspects for the duration of antihormone therapy and with regard to the benefits of multigene tests have been published. In the case of HER2-positive patients, the value of post-neoadjuvant therapy and de-escalation of the therapy is discussed. In patients with triple-negative breast cancer, there is a question of whether the knowledge of the biological background of a homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) helps develop new therapies for this subtype. In particular the “use” of a BRCA1/2 mutation or the biological characteristic HRD as a potential motive for therapy plays a role here in specifying the significance of platinum therapy and therapy with PARP inhibitors.
Changes in Flexibility and Force are not Different after Static Versus Dynamic Stretching

Abstract In this study, we examined the effects of static and dynamic stretching on range of motion (ROM), passive torque (PT) at pain onset, passive stiffness, and isometric muscle force. We conducted a randomized crossover trial in which 16 healthy young men performed a total of 300 s of active static or dynamic stretching of the right knee flexors on two separate days in random order. To assess the effects of stretching, we measured the ROM, PT at pain onset, passive stiffness during passive knee extension, and maximum voluntary isometric knee flexion force using an isokinetic dynamometer immediately before and after stretching. Both static and dynamic stretching significantly increased the ROM and PT at pain onset (p<0.01) and significantly decreased the passive stiffness and isometric knee flexion force immediately after stretching (p<0.01). However, the magnitude of change did not differ between the two stretching methods for any measurements. Our results suggest that 300 s of either static or dynamic stretching can increase flexibility and decrease isometric muscle force; however, the effects of stretching do not appear to differ between the two stretching methods.
No Evidence for an Awareness-Dependent Emotional Modulation of the Attentional Blink

Pictures of faces with emotional expressions presented before a temporal attention task have been reported to affect temporal attention in an awareness-dependent manner: Awareness of a fearful face was linked to an increased deficit in the temporal attention task, while preventing the face from reaching awareness was linked to a decreased deficit, both relative to neutral faces. Here we report the results of two temporal attention experiments which aimed to extend and conceptually replicate this basic finding. The temporal attention task was preceded by an unmasked or a masked fearful face on a trial-by-trial basis. In both experiments the finding of an awareness-dependent emotional modulation of temporal attention through fearful faces could not be replicated, even when data were pooled across experiments. Pooling of experiments indicated however that, independent of awareness level, fearful faces can be associated with slightly worse temporal attention performance than neutral faces, and suggested a lag-specific practice effect in terms of a reduced deficit in temporal attention in the second half of the experiment.
Fine-Scale Biogeography and the Inference of Ecological Interactions Among Neutrophilic Iron-Oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria as Determined by a Rule-Based Microbial Network

Hydrothermal vents, such as those at Lō‘ihi Seamount and the Mariana Arc and back-arc, release iron required to support life from the Earth’s crust. In these ecosystems, bacteria and archaea can oxidize the released iron and therefore play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of essential nutrients. These organisms often form microbial mats, and the primary producers in these communities can support diverse higher trophic levels. One such class of bacteria are the Zetaproteobacteria. This class of bacteria oxidize iron and commonly produce extracellular iron oxyhydroxide matrices that provide architecture to the microbial mats, so they are considered foundational members of the community and ecosystem engineers. Zetaproteobacteria are responsible for the majority of iron-oxidation in circumneutral, marine, low-oxygen environments. To study the composition of these communities, microbial mats were collected using a biomat sampler, which allows for fine-scale collection of microbial mats. DNA was then extracted and amplified for analysis of the SSU rRNA gene. After quality control and filtering, the SSU rRNA genes from Mariana Arc and Lō‘ihi Seamount microbial mat communities were compared pairwise to determine which site exhibits a greater microbial diversity and how much community overlap exists between the two sites. In-depth analysis was performed with the rule-based microbial network (RMN) algorithm, which identified a possible competitive relationship across oligotypes of a cosmopolitan Zetaproteobacteria operational taxonomic unit (OTU). This result demonstrated the ecological relevance of oligotypes, or fine-scale OTU variants. The oligotype distributions of the cosmopolitan ZetaOTUs varied greatly across the Pacific Ocean. The competitive relationship between dominant oligotypes at Lō‘ihi Seamount and the Mariana Arc and back-arc may be driving their differential distributions across the two regions and may result in species divergence within a cosmopolitan ZetaOTU. This implementation of the RMN algorithm can both predict directional relationships within a community and provide insight to the level at which evolution is occurring across ecosystems.