Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of two approaches for power and sample size calculations in logistic regression models

Whittemore (1981) proposed an approach for calculating the sample size needed to test hypotheses with specified significance and power against a given alternative for logistic regression with small response probability. Based on the distribution of covariate, which could be either discrete or continuous, this approach first provides a simple closed-form approximation to the asymptotic covariance matrix of the maximum likelihood estimates, and then uses it to calculate the sample size needed to test a hypothesis about the parameter. Self et al. (1992) described a general approach for power and sample size calculations within the framework of generalized linear models, which include logistic regression as a special case. Their approach is based on an approximation to the distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic. Unlike the Whittemore approach, their approach is not limited to situations of small response probability. However, it is restricted to models with a finite number of covariate configurations. This study compares these two approaches to see how accurate they would be for the calculations of power and sample size in logistic regression models with various response probabilities and covariate distributions. The results indicate that the Whittemore approach has a slight advantage in achieving the nominal power only for one case with small response probability. It is outperformed for all other cases with larger response probabilities. In general, the approach proposed in Self et al. (1992) is recommended for all values of the response probability. However, its extension for logistic regression models with an infinite number of covariate configurations involves an arbitrary decision for categorization and leads to a discrete approximation. As shown in this paper, the examined discrete approximations appear to be sufficiently accurate for practical purpose.
Projects and innovation: the ambiguity of the literature and its implications

The strategic role of new product development and innovation makes design performance a central concern of managers. Project management therefore appears to be an adequate solution to the integration problems raised by these activities. Work such as that of Clark et Fujimoto (1991) has helped make heavyweight project management a dominant organizational model. In this article, we wish to question this tendency to equate projects and innovation. This tendency can, in fact, appear surprising inasmuch as Clark et Fujimoto indicate that their research does not take into account the question of advanced engineering or basic research. We therefore believe that it can lead to improper use of the project format to manage innovation. We feel that, in line with work on project classification a distinction should be drawn between the various design situations to which different types of projects will be suited. Qualitative research conducted at a European automobile manufacturer on Telematics services will allow us to identify the management methods suited to the most innovative projects, i.e. those for which neither technologies nor customer requirements are known at the start of the project (referred to by Atkinson et al. (2006) as “soft” projects) We will show how these situations shake up traditional project management models and will propose five management principles adapted to this new situation.
Is Household Smoking a Risk factor for Caries? A Case-Control Study (Adakah Asap Rokok di Rumah Faktor Risiko untuk Karies? Suatu Kajian Kes

Recent studies suggested that exposure to household smoking (HHS) could be a modifiable risk factor for caries development among children. Majority of the studies were cross sectional in nature. Therefore, a case-control study was designed to test the hypothesis that HHS is a risk factor to caries experience in permanent teeth. Calculation of sample size was based on the ratio of 1 case to 4 controls. Case was defined as a child aged 13-14 years old with caries in at least one second permanent molar and control was defined as a child from the same age and school with no caries second permanent molars. Matching was done for gender and ethnicity. School dental records provided information on oral health status and oral hygiene status. Information on HHS, socio-economic status, child’s smoking status and child’s oral health practices were obtained from a self administered questionnaire, completed by the children and their parents. The result showed that 55.9% of the case group was exposed to HHS, as compared to 44.1% among the control group. In the final multiple logistic regression model after controlling for important risk factors for caries, children with caries were almost twice as likely to have been exposed to HHS for more than 10 years as compared to children with no caries, (Adjusted OR=1.90 and 95% CI=1.35, 2.60). In addition, children who only received dental care from the school dental service had reduced risk of having dental caries by more than one third (36%) as compared with those who received dental care from school dental service (SDS) as well as had additional dental problem solving visit outside SDS (Adjusted OR=0.64 and 95% CI=0.50, 0.90). It is concluded that exposure to HHS for a long duration (> than 10 years) increase the risk to have caries experience in permanent teeth of children.
Maps from Riemannian manifolds into non-degenerate Euclidean cones

Let M be a connected, non-compact m-dimensional Riemannian manifold. In this paper we consider smooth maps ' : M ! R n with images inside a non-degenerate cone. Under quite general assump- tions on M, we provide a lower bound for the width of the cone in terms of the energy and the tension of ' and a metric parameter. As a side product, we recover some well known results concerning har- monic maps, minimal immersions and Kahler submanifolds. In case ' is an isometric immersion, we also show that, if M is sufficiently well-behaved and has non-positive sectional curvature, '(M) cannot be contained into a non-degenerate cone of R 2m−1 .
Prevalence and phenotypic detection of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus between ruminants butchered for humanoid intake and animal handlers in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Objective: The objectives of this study was to investigate phenotypically the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistance S. aureus (MRSA) in ruminants and animal handlers in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 937 samples (900 nasal and skin swabs of cattle and 37 humans samples) were collected in Maiduguri metropolis. The samples were inoculated onto mannitol salt agar (MSA) and blood agar, and the cultrue plates were incubated at 37 o C for 24 h. The S. aureus colonies showing golden yellow color on MSA were primarily identified as S. aureus , which were then subjected for catalase and coagulase tests. All S. aureus were finally screened for the presence of MRSA on oxalate resistant screening agar (ORSAB) medium. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the MRSA were measured by disc diffusion method. Results: The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 44.3% (n=414/937). The MRSA could be detected in 12.1% (n=113/937) samples. Considerign different species, S. aureus could be isolated from 137 (45.6%), 148 (49.3%) and 119 (39.7%), 11 (29.7%) cattle, sheep, goat and humans, respectively. In ruminants, 27.7% (n-83/300) bulls were positive for S. aureus . Similarly, 10.7% (n=32/300) and 22.3% (n=67/300) were positive for S. aureus in rams and bucks, respectively. On the other hand, 18% (n=54/300), 38.7% (n=116/300) and 17.3% (n=52/300) samples from cows, ewes and does were positive for S. aureus . The highest MRSA could be isolated from ewes (9.3%; n=28/300) follwed by bulls (7%; n=21/300) and bucks (6.7%; n=20/300). In humans, 13.5% (n=5/37) samples were positive for MRSA. Conclusion: S. aureus and MRSA infections in ruminants and animal handlers are documented in this study. The MRSA may exert public health threat to humans. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2016. c145
Nigeria and the crisis of cultural identity in the era of globalization

This paper examines the crisis in the Nigerian cultural environment as a result of globalization. Globalization, referred to as the inter-dependence of countries, peoples, races and institutions in politics, economics, arts, science and technology, is equally responsible for inter-cultural exchanges and the coming together of people of diverse persuasions. In place of previous prejudices, biases and misunderstandings, globalization has led to greater appreciation of peoples, the breaking down of barriers and the building of bridges of understanding and communication among nations. People no longer see each other as strange bedfellows, but as individuals with common feelings, common understanding and common worldview. This has resulted in increase in human knowledge, better education and advancement in science and technology. Nigeria as part of this process also shares in the benefits of globalization as well as its negative effects. The paper takes a cursory look at various influences of globalization on Nigeria, particularly in the area of culture, and concludes that with adoption of appropriate strategies, the country can reap the full benefits of this phenomenon. Key words: Culture, colonialism, globalization, Nigerian cultural identity.
Environmental Factors Determining Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Yield in Durum Wheat under Mediterranean Conditions

The effect of environment on the relationship between grain carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and yield was studied for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under Mediterranean conditions. A group of 25 genotypes was grown under contrasting water regimes in two regions of Spain during three years. The first objective was to determine the environmental factors responsible for the strong positive relationship previously observed between Δ and yield across trials. Environmental factors tested were total water input (W i ), mean temperature, accumulated reference evapotranspiration (ET,), and the ratio W i /ET 0 during different periods of the crop cyde. Water input during grain filling was the variable most strongly correlated with grain A and yield across all the trials, as well as across the subset of trials in northeastern Spain. In southeastern Spain, the most drought prone of the two regions, W i from sowing to heading explained the most variation in grain Δ and yield. The second objective was to study the effect of environment on the relationship between A and yield across genotypes. No significant correlation was found for trials with a mean yield up to about 2000 kg ha -1 , but the strength of the relationship increased sharply and attained significance in trials yielding 2500 kg ha -1 . When yield above 2500 kg ha -1 the correlation between A and yield remained relatively steady and positive, with an r value around 0.5. It is concluded that breeding to raise durum wheat yield in Mediterranean conditions could take advantage of selecting for higher A only in relatively wet years or under supplementary irrigation.
DO MALAYSIAN INVESTORS' JUDGEMENT EXHIBIT REFERENCE DEPENDENCE?

The pleasure of obtaining gains and the pain of incurring losses is a powerful motivating factor determining the trading behaviour of investors. The evaluation of gains and losses is dependent on the reference point. The purpose of this research is fourfold. Firstly, we investigate whether daily extreme price changes catch the attention of investors. Secondly, we determine whether investors' judgement exhibits reference dependence. Thirdly, we investigate whether an attention-based strategy could provide temporary profit-making opportunity to investors. Finally, we evaluate the impact of the reference point on the stock values. We find evidence not only that investors are attention-driven, but also that their judgement displays reference dependence. The attention-based strategy does not generate positive abnormal returns except for strategy of buying portfolios consisting of loser stocks. Moreover, the portfolios whose current price rises above (or falls below) its 52-week high (or 52-week low) at the date of formulation tend to underperform (or outperform) in the subsequent period.
Determinants of emigration and its economic consequences: evidence from Kosova

This paper concentrates on the determinants of emigration decisions among the working‐age population in Kosova, a country with 20% of its population abroad. The estimates derived are largely consistent with the conventional theories of migration in that emigration decreases with age and generally increases with education and household size, though significant differences are also noted. In addition, the paper focuses on the brain drain effect due to emigration and employment differentials at home and abroad as the driving force for emigration from Kosova. This is the first systematic study of these issues in this post‐socialist and post‐conflict economy.
Cognitive Inhibition and Cognitive Load: A Moderation Hypothesis

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) has seen widespread acceptance within education as an approach to instructional design that supports the broader theory of a limited capacity working memory (WM) system. However a problem exists in relation to CLT, in that it has not been able to offer a causal mechanism that clearly explains how the theory works. This report discusses a pilot study investigating cognitive inhibition as the mechanism by which extrinsic cognitive load may be explained. The results of the study showed that the ability to inhibit distracting information was distributed across a normal range of individual differences for a group of year-8 (8 th grade) students, and that these differences influenced how cognitive load was experienced by the students in relation to their learning. These findings suggest that inhibition moderates at least the extrinsic form of cognitive load, and offer further direction in terms of the empirical testing of CLT.
Research on supply chain partner selection and task allocation based on fuzzy theory under an uncertain environment

Nowadays the enterprises pay the closer attention to the relationship among suppliers, manufacturers and distributors due to the global competitive market economy. And they manage the supply chain through establishing strategic cooperative partnership, which can greatly enhance the competitive advantage and obtain greater overall profits. In this paper, the fuzzy theory is applied to study the supply chain partner selection and the task coarse allocation problem in under multi-attribute fuzzy comprehensive decision-making and fuzzy constraints. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive decision of supply chain network structure was verified through the case of Shaoxing textile.
The Effects of Natural Zeolite (Clinoptilolte) on Water Quality, Growth Performance and Nutritional Parameters of fresh water aquarium fish, Angel (Pterophyllum scalare)

To evaluate the effects of different levels of Iranian natural zeolite, clinoptilolite, (0, 4, 10 and 15 g/L) on water quality, growth and nutritional parameters of fresh water aquarium fish, angel, Pterophyllum scalare, present study was designed for 30 days. According to the obtained results ammonia and water hardness was significantly reduced in treated water in compare with control. In fish, that treated with 10 and 15g/l zeolite, weight and weight gain were significantly (p<0.05) more than other treated groups. In zeolite treated fish, food conversion rate and specific growth rate significantly improved (p<0.05) but among the treatments, 10 and 15 g zeolite l -1 added groups showed better performance than control and 4 g zeolite l -1 added. Based on the results, addition of 10 g/ l zeolite is considered as an optimum dose zeolite for improvement
Microhabitat and spatial dispersion of the grassland mouse (Mus spretus Lataste)

Many small mammals inhabiting vegetation habitats where food resources are scattered have large home ranges with limited overlap. One way that they may effectively defend large territories is to establish dominance over the limited number of sites that provide good protection from predators, since displacement from these sites could have a very high cost to intruders. To examine this hypothesis we studied the fine-scale use of habitat and spatial dispersion of all adult male Mus spretus inhabiting a 1.1 ha grassland study site near Lisbon, Portugal, by radio telemetry, at the start of the breeding season. The location of each of the 10 males was mapped every hour, 24 h/day for up to seven days. Microhabitat characteristics were compared between a random sample of points in the study site and those where mice were found. Individual ranges did not overlap, despite the close proximity of their borders and the occupation of almost all suitable habitat, suggesting that individual dispersion was strongly influenced by the presence of neighbours; mean range size was 343 a 95 m 2 . Residents covered less than one-third of their total range over 24 h, though neighbours did not intrude despite the apparent opportunities. Each male territory overlapped the territory of at least two females. Mice were neither nocturnal nor crepuscular, moving around mostly during the morning and evening. They avoided open woodland or pathways, preferring grassland sites with tall vegetation and sites where shrubs, bramble, or dead wood provided additional cover. Most fixes per male (70%) were located in one to four core areas, which represented only a tiny proportion of each range (6.9 a 0.9%). Although exclusive defence of large complex ranges is likely to be impracticable, defence of core areas seems much more feasible. Our results thus support our hypothesis that mice may be able to maintain large exclusive ranges due to a combination of high predation pressure and a limited number of sites with sufficient ground and overhead cover. This will result in a very high risk to mice entering areas where competitors have priority of access to protected sites.
MINERAL AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTIRRIGATION IN RELATION TO QUALITY OF GREENHOUSE CULTIVATED MELON

Fertirrigation of melon still presents problems in relation to the type of the fertilizer used, mainly the biofertilizers. This experiment, installed in Uberaba, MG, Brazil, in a plastic module greenhouse of 768 m2, tested treatments consisting of the conventional mineral fertirrigation and the organic fertirrigation, using two frequencies: daily and weekly. The best yields were obtained with daily fertilizer application, with superiority in relation to biofertilizers, with yield of 45.5 t ha-1 of fruit. This value was higher as compared to chemical products, that lead to a yield of 42.4 t ha-1. The weekly fertigation had lower productivities, and in this case, the biofertilizers also overcame the mineral, on the average 2.0 t ha-1. The best melon soluble solids values were obtained for the daily application of fertilizers, and the best treatment (P < 0.05) was the organic daily fertigation, with values of soluble solids content of 13.60° brix, followed by the daily chemical fertigation, with values of 12.52°. On the average, the amounts of soluble solids in melon were superior to the average found for Brazilian melons. Differences were not verified among the treatments for the variables pulp thickness and fruits pH. Regarding the peel thickness, the application of organic fertilizer sources presented a slight superiority in relation to chemical fertilizer treatments. No differences were verified among treatments in relation to the amount of fruits protein.
Serological relatedness among clinical and environmental Acinetobacter baumannii isolates isolated from hospitals in Baghdad

During 2011, 1900 clinical specimens (urine, wounds, burns, blood and sputum) and 240 hospital environment specimens were collected from four hospitals in Baghdad/Medical city including: Baghdad Teaching Hospital, The Martyr Gazi AlHariry Hospital, Welfare Teaching Hospital and The Burn Specialist Hospital. All specimens were cultured and 128 Acinetobacter baumannii were obtained from clinical and environmental specimens in a ratio of 6.05% (n=115) and 5.42% (n=13), respectively. These isolates were identified using microscopic examination, biochemical tests and Api 20 E system.The slide agglutination technique for rabbit immune sera and A. baumannii bacteria was used and our data analysis revealed a serological relatedness among the isolates. We found 22 different serotypes for 128 clinical and environmental A. baumannii isolates. The most common serotype was serotype 1 which included 34 isolates (26.56%) and there were 40 (31.25%) miscellaneous isolates which isolated from different specimens, departments and hospitals. Notably, they didn’t arrange within any of the 22 serotypes. Upon such findings we may conclude, there is a wide variation in serological characteristics of the locally isolated A. baumannii. Keyword: Acinetobacterbaumannii, Serological relatedness
Phthalocyanine Organic Thin-Film Transistors for the Detection of dimethyl methyl phosphonate ( DMMP )

The electrical properties of Metal-Phthalocyanines (M-Pc) are affected upon exposure to gases containing not only some oxidizing/deoxidizing molecules but also nerve agent simulants. This phenomenon finds application in the use of Organic Thin-Film Transistors (OTFTs) based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) as gas sensors. In this work, tests of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) detecting were carried out, and the sensing mechanism of OTFT DMMP sensors was further investigated by the transfer curve of OTFTs and the UV-Vis absorption spectra of sensitive films before and during DMMP vapor exposure. The results showed that M-Pc-based OTFTs can represent a new class of DMMP sensors.
Regularity of the first eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian and Yamabe invariant along geometric flows

We first prove that the first eigenvalue of the p-Laplace operator and the Yamabe invariant are both locally Lipschitz along geometric flows under weak assumptions without assumptions on curvature. Secondly, the Yamabe invariant is found to be directionally differentiable along geometric flows. As an application, an open question about the Yamabe metric and Einstein metric is partially answered.