Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does language moderate the influence of information scanning and seeking on HPV knowledge and vaccine awareness and initiation among Hispanics?

OBJECTIVE To examine whether language moderates associations between three communication variables: media use, information scanning (attending to and remembering information) and seeking (actively looking for information), and three HPV outcomes: knowledge, vaccine awareness and vaccine initiation among Hispanics. PARTICIPANTS Hispanic mothers of females aged 8-22 years (N=288) were surveyed. METHODS Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions investigated associations between communication variables and HPV outcomes. To examine moderation by language, we compared main effects and interaction models using the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS For English- and Spanish-speakers, Internet use was associated with more HPV knowledge and vaccine awareness, but not initiation. Scanning and seeking were associated with more knowledge, vaccine awareness, and initiation. Language moderated effects of scanning and seeking only on vaccine awareness. Spanish speakers who scanned for information were more likely to be aware of the vaccine than those who did not (80% vs 26%); Spanish speakers who sought information were also more likely to be aware (95% vs 55%). For English speakers, vaccine awareness did not differ between those who scanned and sought and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Effects of information scanning and seeking on HPV vaccine awareness were much greater for Spanish than for English speakers. Providers, therefore, should not assume that Spanish-speaking mothers are already aware of the vaccine. Our findings call attention to heterogeneity within Hispanics which could be particularly important when examining health communication and cancer prevention behaviors.
A Unified Artificial Neural Network Architecture for Active Power Filters

In this paper, an efficient and reliable neural active power filter (APF) to estimate and compensate for harmonic distortions from an AC line is proposed. The proposed filter is completely based on Adaline neural networks which are organized in different independent blocks. We introduce a neural method based on Adalines for the online extraction of the voltage components to recover a balanced and equilibrated voltage system, and three different methods for harmonic filtering. These three methods efficiently separate the fundamental harmonic from the distortion harmonics of the measured currents. According to either the Instantaneous Power Theory or to the Fourier series analysis of the currents, each of these methods are based on a specific decomposition. The original decomposition of the currents or of the powers then allows defining the architecture and the inputs of Adaline neural networks. Different learning schemes are then used to control the inverter to inject elaborated reference currents in the power system. Results obtained by simulation and their real-time validation in experiments are presented to compare the compensation methods. By their learning capabilities, artificial neural networks are able to take into account time-varying parameters, and thus appreciably improve the performance of traditional compensating methods. The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated in their application to harmonics compensation in power systems
Is forced use of the paretic upper limb beneficial? A randomized pilot study during subacute post-stroke recovery

Objective: To evaluate the effect of two weeks of forced use of the paretic upper limb, as a supplement to the rehabilitation programme in the subacute phase after stroke, on self-rated use of that limb. Design: A randomized, non-blind, parallel group, clinical, before-and-after trial. A forced use group and a conventional group were followed up one and three months after intervention. Setting: In- and outpatient units of rehabilitation at a University Hospital. Subjects: Thirty patients were allocated to two groups, 15 in each, 1—6 months (mean 2.4) after stroke onset. Twenty-six patients completed the study. Interventions: The patients of both groups participated in two weeks of daily training on weekdays. In addition, the forced use group wore a restraining sling on the non-paretic arm for up to 6 hours per weekday. Main measure: The Motor Activity Log; patients scored 0—5 for 30 daily tasks concerning both amount of use and quality of movement. Results: The forced use group tended to achieve larger improvements immediately post-intervention, but this was not clearly demonstrated. The small differences also levelled out up to the three-month follow-up, with both groups earning an approximately 1.0 score point on both scales of the Motor Activity Log. Conclusions: This pilot study did not reveal any additional benefit of forced use on self-rated performance in daily use of the paretic upper limb. Both groups performed fairly extensive, active training with a similar duration, amount and content.
Postictal nose-rubbing in the diagnosis, lateralization, and localization of seizures

Background: Semiology is very useful in the diagnosis and classification of seizures. Some clinical signs occur primarily with specific localization-related epilepsies. Objective: To evaluate postictal nose-rubbing as a potential diagnostic sign and a potential lateralizing or localizing indicator. Methods: We reviewed presurgical prolonged video-EEG results of 50 consecutive patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 50 consecutive patients with left TLE, 50 consecutive patients with frontal lobe epilepsy, 11 consecutive patients with generalized epilepsy, and 100 consecutive patients with nonepileptic events. Videotapes of all events were reviewed independently by two investigators who were blinded to the results of the monitoring. The episodes of nose-rubbing and the hand with which the patient rubbed the nose were recorded. Results: Nose-rubbing occurred in 25 of 50 (50%) right TLE patients and in 21 of 50 (42%) left TLE patients. Approximately 90% of patients rubbed his or her nose with the ipsilateral hand. Nose-rubbing occurred in 5 of 50 (10%) frontal lobe epilepsy patients. Nose-rubbing was not seen in any patient with generalized epilepsy or nonepileptic events. Postictal nose-rubbing did not occur after secondarily generalized seizures. Conclusions: Nose-rubbing is an easily observed phenomenon, has high interobserver reliability, and provides useful lateralizing information in patients with TLE. It was less frequently seen in extratemporal lobe epilepsy and was not seen after generalized seizures or nonepileptic events.
Cross talk between mitochondria and superoxide generating NADPH oxidase in breast and ovarian tumors

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal cascades involved in cell growth, cell death, mitogenesis, angiogenesis and carcinogenesis. ROS are produced as a byproduct of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondria. It is estimated that 2–4% of the oxygen consumed during OXPHOS is converted to ROS. Besides mitochondria, NADPH-oxidase 1 (Nox1) also generates a significant amount of ROS in the cell. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondria control Nox 1 redox signaling and the loss of control of this signaling contributes to tumorigenesis. We analyzed Nox1 expression in a mitochondrial gene knockout (? 0) cell line and in the isogenic cybrid cell line in which mitochondrial genes were restored by transfer of wild type mitochondria into ? 0 cells. Our study revealed, for the first time, that the inactivation of mitochondrial genes leads to down-regulation of Nox1 and that the transfer of wild type mitochondrial genes restores the Nox1 expression to a level comparable to that in the parental cell line. Consistent with Nox1 down-regulation, we found that ? 0 cells contained low levels of superoxide anion and that superoxide levels reversed to parental levels in cybrid cells when Nox1 expression was restored by transfer of wild type mitochondria. Increasing mitochondrial superoxide levels also increased the expression of Nox1 in parental cells. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that Nox1 localizes in the mitochondria. Nox1 was highly expressed in breast (86%) and ovarian (71%) tumors and that its expression positively correlated with expression of cytochrome C oxidase encoded by mtDNA. Our study, described in this paper demonstrates the existence of cross talk between the mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Furthermore, our studies suggest that mitochondria control Nox1 redox signaling and the loss of control of this signaling contributes to breast and ovarian tumorigenesis.
Advanced DC-SF Cell Technology for 3-D NAND Flash

Advanced dual control gate with surrounding floating gate (DC-SF) cell process and operation schemes are successfully developed for 3-D nand flash memories. To improve performance and reliability of DC-SF cell, new metal control gate last (MCGL) process is developed. The MCGL process can realize a low resistive tungsten (W) metal wordline, a low damage on tunnel oxide/inter-poly dielectric (IPD), and a preferable floating gate (FG) shape. Also, new read and program operation schemes are developed. In the new read operation, the higher and lower Vpass-read are alternately applied to unselected control gates to compensate lowering FG potential to be a pass transistor. In the new program scheme, the optimized Vpass are applied to neighbor WL of selected WL to prevent program disturb and charge loss through IPD. Thus, by using the MCGL process and new read/program schemes, the high performance and reliability of the DC-SF cell can be realized for 3-D nand flash memories.
Concomitant Activation of Jasmonate and Ethylene Response Pathways Is Required for Induction of a Plant Defensin Gene in Arabidopsis

Activation of the plant defensin gene PDF1.2 in Arabidopsis by pathogens has been shown previously to be blocked in the ethylene response mutant ein2-1 and the jasmonate response mutant coi1-1. In this work, we have further investigated the interactions between the ethylene and jasmonate signal pathways for the induction of this defense response. Inoculation of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with the fungus Alternaria brassicicola led to a marked increase in production of jasmonic acid, and this response was not blocked in the ein2-1 mutant. Likewise, A. brassicicola infection caused stimulated emission of ethylene both in wild-type plants and in coi1-1 mutants. However, treatment of either ein2-1 or coi1-1 mutants with methyl jasmonate or ethylene did not induce PDF1.2, as it did in wild-type plants. We conclude from these experiments that both the ethylene and jasmonate signaling pathways need to be triggered concomitantly, and not sequentially, to activate PDF1.2 upon pathogen infection. In support of this idea, we observed a marked synergy between ethylene and methyl jasmonate for the induction of PDF1.2 in plants grown under sterile conditions. In contrast to the clear interdependence of the ethylene and jasmonate pathways for pathogen-induced activation of PDF1.2, functional ethylene and jasmonate signaling pathways are not required for growth responses induced by jasmonate and ethylene, respectively.
Selective disappearance of great tits with short telomeres in urban areas

Urban environments pose novel challenges, as well as opportunities, for urban-dwelling wildlife. Although differences have been reported in several phenotypic traits (e.g. morphology, physiology and behaviour) between urban and rural populations, it is poorly understood whether this affects individual fitness. Telomere dynamics are posited as one possible mechanism underlying senescence and mortality. It was recently shown that telomere shortening is accelerated when growing up in an urban, compared with a rural, environment. However, the implications of accelerated telomere attrition for fitness are still unclear. Here, we examine the relationship between telomere length (TL) and survival in a bird common to urban and rural environments, and during both early and later life. The results reveal that TL is a strong predictor of post-fledging survival and recruitment in both habitats but, crucially, selective disappearance of individuals with short telomeres early in life is more pronounced in the urban environment, resulting in a longer average TL among the adult population. However, following recruitment, we found no difference in the relationship between TL and survival between the urban and rural environments. This indicates that the urban environment has negative effects in early life, while during later life the benefits could potentially outweigh the costs.
Different remifentanil doses in rapid sequence anesthesia induction: BIS monitoring and intubation conditions.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective, randomized, double blind trial was to investigate the effects of two different doses of remifentanil on bispectral index (BIS) values and intubation conditions in a simulated model of rapid sequence anesthesia induction (RSAI). MATERIAL AND METHODS 54 ASA I-II adult patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated to two groups. After preoxygenation for 3 minutes, induction and tracheal intubation was performed in a 300 head-up position. Group I (n=26) and Group II (n=28) received a 1 µg/kg or 0.5 µg/kg bolus of remifentanil, respectively, over 30 seconds. Propofol was the induction agent. 1 mg/kg of rocuronium was used in all patients. Patients were intubated 60 s after administration of the muscle relaxant. Hemodynamic data and BIS scores were obtained before induction (baseline), after induction, at intubation and at 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes following intubation. Intubation conditions were scored with a standard scoring system. RESULTS The hemodynamic variables at all the measurement intervals and the area under the hemodynamic variable-time curves were similar among the groups. There was no difference among the groups for BIS measurements. Moreover, the mean area under the BIS-time curve for Group I (300±45cm2) was comparable to Group II (315±49cm2) (p=0.432). The mean total intubation condition score (maximum 14 points) in Group I (12.6±1.67) was higher than Group II (10.3±4.79) (p=0.030). CONCLUSIONS 1 µg/kg of remifentanil compared to 0.5 µg/kg of remifentanil provides similar hemodynamic profiles and BIS scores, but 1 µg/kg of remifentanil was associated with superior endotracheal intubation conditions. According to this study design and medications used, a relation between BIS scores and intubation conditions couldn't be demonstrated.
Objectively measured compliance during early orthodontic treatment: Do treatment needs have an impact?

BACKGROUND Objective assessment of daily wear time of removable appliances is possible, so the next step is to ascertain whether the severity of malocclusion influences patients' compliance. This could help resolve the controversy over the question of whether removable appliance therapy truly works. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate whether the patient's orthodontic treatment needs affect the cooperation between the patient and the doctor, and to find a correlation that could affect recommendations for orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 58 patients (29 boys, 29 girls) aged 9-12 years, who qualified for treatment with removable appliances equipped with a sensor system. The patients were divided into four groups according to their Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need dental health component scores. Over a 9-month period, data stored in the sensors were compared with the recommended daily wear time (DWT) of the appliances, and a statistical analysis was conducted. RESULTS DWT differed considerably in all the groups. Statistically significant differences in the mean DWT values occurred only when extreme values of the IOTN DHC were compared. CONCLUSIONS The degree of patient compliance depends to a small extent on the severity of malocclusion. Patients with mild malocclusion will probably be less likely to cooperate. Among patients with severe malocclusion, compliance may be unpredictable. Patient compliance is an important background factor that can explain a lot of the controversy over the effectiveness of treatment with removable appliances.
An IHT Algorithm for Sparse Recovery From Subexponential Measurements

A matrix whose entries are independent subexponential random variables is not likely to satisfy the classical restricted isometry property in the optimal regime of parameters. However, it is known that uniform sparse recovery is still possible with high probability in the optimal regime if ones uses <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\ell _1$</tex-math></inline-formula>-minimization as a recovery algorithm. We show in this letter that such a statement remains valid if one uses a new variation of iterative hard thresholding as a recovery algorithm. The argument is based on a modified restricted isometry property featuring the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\ell _1$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm as the inner norm.
Ambulatory surgery in the United States, 2006.

OBJECTIVES This report presents national estimates of surgical and nonsurgical procedures performed on an ambulatory basis in hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers in the United States during 2006. Data are presented by types of facilities, age and sex of the patients, and geographic regions. Major categories of procedures and diagnoses are shown by age and sex. Selected estimates are compared between 1996 and 2006. METHODS The estimates are based on data collected through the 2006 National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The survey was conducted from 1994-1996 and again in 2006. Diagnoses and procedures presented are coded using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). RESULTS In 2006, an estimated 57.1 million surgical and nonsurgical procedures were performed during 34.7 million ambulatory surgery visits. Of the 34.7 million visits, 19.9 million occurred in hospitals and 14.9 million occurred in freestanding ambulatory surgery centers. The rate of visits to freestanding ambulatory surgery centers increased about 300 percent from 1996 to 2006, whereas the rate of visits to hospital-based surgery centers remained largely unchanged during that time period. Females had significantly more ambulatory surgery visits (20.0 million) than males (14.7 million), and a significantly higher rate of visits (132.0 per 1000 population) compared with males (100.4 per 1000 population). Average times for surgical visits were higher for ambulatory surgery visits to hospital-based ambulatory surgery centers than for visits to freestanding ambulatory surgery centers for the amount of time spent in the operating room (61.7 minutes compared with 43.2 minutes), the amount of time spent in surgery (34.2 minutes compared with 25.1 minutes), the amount of time spent in the postoperative recovery room (79.0 minutes compared with 53.1 minutes), and overall time (146.6 minutes compared with 97.7 minutes). Although the majority of visits had only one or two procedures performed (56.3 percent and 28.5 percent, respectively), 2.6 percent had five or more procedures performed. Frequently performed procedures on ambulatory surgery patients included endoscopy of large intestine (5.8 million), endoscopy of small intestine (3.5 million), extraction of lens (3.1 million), injection of agent into spinal canal (2.7 million), and insertion of prosthetic lens (2.6 million). The leading diagnoses at ambulatory surgery visits included cataract (3.0 million); benign neoplasms (2.0 million), malignant neoplasms (1.2 million), diseases of the esophagus (1.1 million), and diverticula of the intestine (1.1 million).
Lyme Disease Associated With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Case Report and Literature Review

Objective Is sudden sensorineural hearing loss associated with Lyme disease in adults? Study Design A retrospective case report and a systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase were performed. Results We describe a patient presenting with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, followed by a facial paralysis, which could be attributed to Lyme disease confirmed by positive serology and a positive immunoblot. She was successfully treated with ceftriaxone, with recovery of the facial paralysis, although no recovery of the hearing loss was observed. A systematic literature search resulted in 4 relevant and valid articles revealing that confirmed positive serology for Borrelia burgdorferi varies from 0% to 21.3%, suggesting active Lyme disease as a cause in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Two studies demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of confirmed positive serology for Borrelia burgdorferi as compared with the incidence in the general local population. Conclusion Literature suggests that sudden sensorineural hearing loss may coincide with Borrelia burgdorferi infection. A higher incidence of confirmed positive serology for Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with sudden deafness seems to be depending on the country and on the tests used to confirm Lyme disease. This should be taken into account if serologic testing for Lyme disease in patients with sudden deafness is considered.
Political Budget Cycles: Manipulation from Leaders or Manipulation from Researchers? Evidence from a Meta-Regression Analysis

Despite a long history of research on political budget cycles, their existence and magnitude are still in question. By conducting a systematic analysis of the existing literature we intend to clarify the debate. Based on data collected from over 1; 700 regressions and 57 studies, our meta-analysis suggests that leaders do manipulate fiscal tools in order to be re-elected but to an extent that is significantly exaggerated by scholars. However, we show the incumbents' strategy differs depending on which tools they leverage. Finally, we discuss in further details how authors' methodological choices and country institutions affect political budget cycles.
Heterogeneous Human Capital,Regional Specialization and Income Disparity——From the Perspective of New Economic Geography

This paper divides human capital into two types: heterogeneous human capital and homogeneous human capital,introduces heterogeneity of human capital into the footloose entrepreneur model of new economic geography and expands the model.Based on the expanded model,we analyze the relationship of the two types of human capital,regional specialization and income disparity with panel data of thirty provinces and cities from 2001 to 2010.The result indicates that the accumulation of heterogeneous human capital can improve the level of regional specialization in the short term,but enlarge regional income disparity in the long term.The accumulation of homogeneous human capital will hinder regional specialization in the short term and reduce income disparity in the long term.So we should increase the ratio of employees of heterogeneous human capital nationwide,and central and western backward regions should make greater efforts to cultivate and attract heterogeneous human capital.