Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catch Per Unit Research Effort: Sampling Intensity, Chronological Uncertainty, and the Onset of Marine Fish Consumption in Historic London

As the cumulative volume of ecofactual data from archaeological sites mounts, the analytical tools required for its synthesis have not always kept pace. While recent attention has been devoted to spatial aspects of meta-analysis, the methodological challenges of chronological synthesis have been somewhat neglected. Nowhere is this issue more acute than for urban sites, where complex, well-dated stratigraphy; rich organic remains; and multiple small- to medium-scale excavations often lead to an abundance of small datasets with cross-cutting phasing and varied chronological resolution. Individually these may be of limited value, but together they can represent the environmental and socioeconomic history of a city. The challenge lies in developing tools for effective synthesis. This paper demonstrates a new approach to chronological meta-analysis of ecofactual data, based upon (a) use of simulation to deal with dating uncertainty, and (b) calibration of results for variable research intensity. We apply this approach to a large body of historic-period fish bone data from London, revealing otherwise undetectable detail regarding one of the most profound shifts in medieval English economic and environmental history: the sudden onset of marine fishing commonly known as the Fish Event Horizon. Most importantly, we show that this phenomenon predates any visible decline in deposition of freshwater fish, and hence cannot have been driven by depletion of inland fisheries as has sometimes been suggested. The R package developed for this research, archSeries, is freely available.
Effect of CB1-Antagonist (AM251) on Metabolic Syndrome (Prophylactic and Therapeutic)

The present study was designed to investigate the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effect of cannabinoid receptors type1 (CB1) antagonist (AM251) on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats, through administration of high fructose diet for 12 weeks. Prophylactic treatment by CB1-antagonist (AM251) significantly returned triglyceride, inflammatory, oxidative stress parameters and liver enzymes to the normal values while it significantly improved blood pressure, glucose, insulin, and IR and lipid profile but not significantly returned to the normal values. Interestingly, it significantly decreased body weight to values less than corresponding normal group. Histopathological findings confirmed that CB1-antagonist (AM251) in both prophylactic and therapeutic group improved histopathological changes of the liver and aorta induced by high fructose (60%) diet, with no drug had the upper hand of improvement of these histopathological changes.
COST EFFICIENCY IN AUSTRALIAN GENERAL INSURERS: A NON-PARAMETRIC APPROACH

Data envelopment analysis is used to calculate pure technical, scale, allocative and cost efficiency indices for a sample of forty-six Australian general insurers. The inputs used are labour, physical capital (in the form of both information technology and plant and equipment) and financial capital. The outputs are net premium revenues for housing-related, transport-related, indemnity-related, mortgage-related and other insurance, along with invested assets. The results indicate that the major source of overall cost inefficiency would appear to be allocative inefficiency, rather than technical inefficiency, and that the largest twenty percent of insurers are significantly more efficient than the remaining firms. A second-stage analysis uses limited dependent variable regression techniques to relate efficiency scores to firm-specific information. Cost efficiency appears to be closely related to asset size but not to stock exchange listing or product diversification or specialisation.
PREDICTING SUITABLE DISTRIBUTION FOR AN ENDEMIC , RARE AND THREATENED SPECIES ( GREY-SHANKED DOUC LANGUR , PYGATHRIX CINEREA NADLER , 1997 ) USING MAXENT MODEL

Species distributional data has very important roles in management and conservation of wildlife, especially for rare species. In this study, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution of the grey-shanked douc langur (Pygathrix cinerea Nadler, 1997) which is endemic to Vietnam and listed as one of the most endangered primate species in the world. We collected 158 independent localities and 16 environmental variables from different sources were used for analysis. The projection habitat suitability shows that the suitable areas are approximately from 14°N-16°N. The precipitation of driest month (bio14) had the highest percentage contribution to the model output with 27.7%. The total suitable area is 16,680.52 km 2 . The areas of high and very high suitability account for 19%, and 2% respectively. The potential distribution area of the species is not much found in the existing protected area. Priorities for conservation and survey efforts should be given to the forested areas in Quang Ngai (Ba To district), Kon Tum (Kon Plong district), Binh Dinh (An Lao district), Gia Lai (K ‘Bang district) and Quang Nam provinces. Conservation efforts should also be prioritized for areas beyond the boundary of protected areas, especially for areas that have been proposed as biodiversity corridors.
Advances in Agronomic Management of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cosson): An Overview

India is the fourth largest oilseed economy in the world. Among the seven edible oilseeds cultivated in India, rapeseed-mustard contributes 28.6% in the total oilseeds production and ranks second after groundnut sharing 27.8% in the India’s oilseed economy. The mustard growing areas in India are experiencing the vast diversity in the agro climatic conditions and different species of rapeseed-mustard are grown in some or other part of the country. Under marginal resource situation, cultivation of rapeseed-mustard becomes less remunerative to the farmers. This results in a big gap between requirement and production of mustard in India. Therefore site-specific nutrient management through soil-test recommendation based should be adopted to improve upon the existing yield levels obtained at farmers field. Effective management of natural resources, integrated approach to plant-water, nutrient and pest management and extension of rapeseed-mustard cultivation to newer areas under different cropping systems will play a key role in further increasing and stabilizing the productivity and production of rapeseed-mustard. The paper reviews the advances in proper land and seedbed preparation, optimum seed and sowing, planting technique, crop geometry, plant canopy, appropriate cropping system, integrated nutrient management and so forth to meet the ever growing demand of oil in the country and to realize the goal of production of 24 million tonnes of oilseed by 2020 AD through these advanced management techniques.
Atrial remodelling is less pronounced in female endurance-trained athletes compared with that in male athletes.

Objectives: Little data exists on atrial adaptation to training in women. Furthermore, data on right atrial (RA) volumes is lacking for both male and female athletes. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate atrial volumes in male and female athletes. Design: 75 athletes (33 women) and 53 controls (21 women) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Left atrial (LA) and RA volumes were measured by manual delineation. The atrial appendage was included in the volumes, and pulmonary veins were excluded. Results: Atrial volumes were larger in athletes compared to controls (males LA 116±19ml versus 93±19ml, RA 166±32ml versus 133±23ml, p<0.0001, females LA 90±15ml versus 83±17ml, p<0.05, RA 119±24ml versus 108±18ml, p=0.07). When normalized for body surface area, atrial volumes remained larger in athletes. However, when normalized for total heart volume (THV) there were no differences between groups except for LA volumes in females where controls had higher LA/THV compared to athletes (p<0.05). Conclusion: Atrial volumes were significantly larger in athletes. Atrial volumes normalized for THV did not differ between athletes and controls indicating a balanced enlargement. There was only a small difference between female controls and female athletes, suggesting that atrial adjustment to training is more modest in women.
Nucleation mechanism and kinetics from the analysis of polythermal crystallisation data: methyl stearate from kerosene solutions

A polythermal methodology to assess the mechanisms and the kinetics of solution crystallisation is described and used in connection with a recently proposed model for the dependence of the critical undercooling for crystallisation on the cooling rate (D. Kashchiev, A. Borissova, R. B. Hammond, K. J. Roberts, J. Cryst. Growth, 312 (2010) 698–704; J. Phys. Chem. B, 114 (2010) 5441–5446). This first principles model allows determination of crystallisation parameters that could otherwise only be obtained by combined application of both the isothermal and the polythermal methods. The methodology is validated through analysis of experimental data measured for methyl stearate crystallising from kerosene solutions with concentrations from 200 to 350 g l−1. The analysis reveals a progressive heterogeneous nucleation mechanism and crystallite interfacial tension values between 1.64 and 1.79 with no obvious dependence on the solution concentration, in good agreement with values derived by isothermal methods. Sensitivity analysis leads to the conclusion that a minimum of four different cooling rates spanning at least one order of magnitude together with at least five repeats for crystallisation temperature values at each cooling rate are appropriate. Extensive supplementary material provides a mathematical description of the above authors' model, insight into the relationship between this model and the empirical Nyvlt model, and further detail concerning the results of the sensitivity analysis carried out on the experimental methodology used.
Evaluating the utility of rbcL in identifying Nigerian species of the genus Afzelia Sm. (Fabaceae; Caesalpinioideae)

The genus Afzelia Sm. (Fabaceae) represents one of the most useful tree species in tropical Africa. These trees have huge socioeconomic and ecological importance, but are under serious threat from incessant exploitation. This has caused a decline of the species in the wild; several species are now registered as threatened and endangered in the IUCN red list. However, conserving this species for posterity has been hampered by the complexity of morphological characters that exist among Afzelia species. In our study, we evaluated the utility of rbcL as a single barcode region, exploring its performance to accurately identify Nigerian Afzelia species and elucidate the relationships that exist between species. Our results revealed an overlap between intraspecific distance and interspecific divergence with an overall mean distance of 0.002. Likewise, identification based on all species barcode, best match, and best close match analysis of TaxonDNA depicted 46.15% and 57.14% of correct and ambiguous identification, respectively. Correct identification according to all species barcodes accurately identified 64.3% of data. Phylogenetic analysis based on UPGMA, NJ, MP, and BI analysis supports the monophyly of Afzelia with support values at 98%, 100%, 93.41%, and 1, respectively. It also revealed noncongruence among species of A. africana Pers. and A. quanzensis Welw. , which suggests an unclear relationship between A. africana and its sister species. This implies rbcL is not an ideal plant barcode region for successful identification of Nigerian Afzelia species.
Emission Factor of Carbon Dioxide from In-Use Vehicles in Thailand

The objective of determining the emission factor of carbon dioxide (EF-CO2) from in-use vehicles in Thailand is to gather important data for estimating transport emissions. These data may help develop greenhouse gas management plans for the area. In-use vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer by the Bangkok Driving Cycle to quantify CO2 emissions. The emission factor is defined as the average emission rate for CO2 per vehicle based on average speed and fuel consumption. The studied vehicle types were the following: heavy duty diesel vehicles (HDDV); light duty diesel vehicles (LDDV); light duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV); and motorcycles (MC) with 4-stroke engines. These vehicles were tested using a variety of fuel types available in Thailand. The study result was found that emissions from the vehicle types were significantly different at the statistic of p-value<0.05. These results can be compared with emission factors of CO2, including the vehicle types and fuel types from international studies and used in Thailand to promote better efficiency to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles.
The Recidivism of Violent Youths in Juvenile and Adult Court

Contemporary research suggests that increased efforts to transfer juveniles to the adult criminal justice system may backfire because waived youths generally exhibit greater recidivism as compared to similar offenders retained in juvenile court. One concern with this research is the possibility of selection bias, meaning that the findings could be explained as merely a simple consequence of the highest risk youth being transferred. This study examined this issue for 494 violent youths from Pennsylvania, of which 79 were waived to adult court and 415 were retained in juvenile court. The likelihood, seriousness, and timing of their recidivism were analyzed, with a statistical control for selection bias included. The findings still suggest heightened recidivism among the transferred youths.
Effects of the cosmological constant on cold dark matter clusters

Context. Cold dark matter inhomogeneities are considered in a homogeneous background of matter, radiation, and the cosmological constant in a flat universe. Aims. We investigate the influence of the cosmological constant on the non-linear collapse of cold dark matter clusters. Methods. For simplicity, a spherical infall model has been used to describe the collapse of non-relativistic mass shells; besides, an average distribution of density around a cluster of galaxies has been taken. Boundary conditions are imposed by the solution of the linearized equation for the growth of matter perturbations and by the cold dark matter power spectrum. Results. For an average cluster, the radii of shells and masses enclosed by them have been obtained at their zero proper acceleration (ZA) redshifts, at their turn-around (TA) redshifts and at their virialization (VIR) redshifts. According to our results at present, the shell that reaches its turn-around point shows [r TA ]0 = 6.85 Mpc and [M TA ]0 = 6.76 × 10 14 M� . The virializing shell fulfills [r TA ]0 = 4.57 [r VIR ]0 and [M TA ]0 = 1.95 [M VIR ]0. These results differ appreciably from those derived from a model with cosmological constant equal to zero in a flat universe: [r TA ( Λ= 0)]0 = 6.62 [r VIR ( Λ= 0)]0 and [M TA ( Λ= 0)]0 = 5.26 [M VIR ( Λ= 0)]0 ;t his discrepancy could be considered as a new independent proof of the existence of dark energy. The shell with zero proper acceleration presents [r ZA ]0 = 1.59 [r TA ]0 and [M ZA ]0 = 1.63 [M TA ]0. We have found that there is a limit to the mass of the average cluster, which is able to virialize; its value is {M VIR }MAX = 8.1 × 10 14 M� . As expected, we found that shells present null proper acceleration at redshift values that are smaller than 0.755. Conclusions. We have noticed that the cosmological constant imposes an upper limit for the mass enclosed by shells, which are able to reach zero proper velocity. Hence, this mass is the maximum mass of the virialized core, {M VIR }MAX. For the average cluster addressed in this work, the value is 2.34 times the mass of the virialized core at present. Shells enclosing masses M > {M VIR }MAX achieve zero proper acceleration and speed up, moving away from the virialized core, and never reach a turn-around point. Shells with M�{ M VIR }MAX show zero proper aceleration at redshifts close to that at which the universe background acceleration is null. Finally, we have found that the relation between shell proper velocities and their radii can be adjusted by a straight line at z = 0a nd from approximately 20 up to 40 Mpc; however, this line does not intercept the origin as velocities due to the Hubble flux do.
Direct and inverse energy cascades in a forced rotating turbulence experiment

We present experimental evidence for a double cascade of kinetic energy in a statistically stationary rotating turbulence experiment. Turbulence is generated by a set of vertical flaps, which continuously injects velocity fluctuations towards the center of a rotating water tank. The energy transfers are evaluated from two-point third-order three-component velocity structure functions, which we measure using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry in the rotating frame. Without global rotation, the energy is transferred from large to small scales, as in classical three-dimensional turbulence. For nonzero rotation rates, the horizontal kinetic energy presents a double cascade: a direct cascade at small horizontal scales and an inverse cascade at large horizontal scales. By contrast, the vertical kinetic energy is always transferred from large to small horizontal scales, a behavior reminiscent of the dynamics of a passive scalar in two-dimensional turbulence. At the largest rotation rate, the flow is nearly two-dimensional, and a pure inverse energy cascade is found for the horizontal energy. To describe the scale-by-scale energy budget, we consider a generalization of the Karman-Howarth-Monin equation to inhomogeneous turbulent flows, in which the energy input is explicitly described as the advection of turbulent energy from the flaps through the surface of the control volume where the measurements are performed.
Chap 8.pmd

This study investigated the functional specialisation characteristics of brain in multiple right-hand dominant subjects pertaining to the activation of the cerebral motor cortices evoked by unilateral finger tapping, especially in primary motor (M1) and supplementary motor (SMA) areas. This multiple-subject study used unilateral (UNIright and UNIleft) selfpaced tapping of hand fingers to activate the M1 and SMA. Brain activation characteristics were analysed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Activation for UNIright and UNIleft showed the involvement of contralateral and ipsilateral M1 and SMA. A larger activation area but with a lower percentage of signal change (PSC) were observed in the left M1 due to the control on UNIright (4164 voxels at α = 0.001, PSC = 1.650) as compared to the right M1 due to the control on UNIleft (2012 voxels at α = 0.001, PSC = 2.377). This is due to the influence of the tapping rate effects which is greater than what could be produced by the average effects of the dominant and sub-dominant hands. The significantly higher PSC value observed in the right M1 (p < 0.05) is due to a higher control demand used by the brain in coordinating the tapping of the sub-dominant fingers. The findings obtained from this study showed strong evidence of the existence of brain functional specialisation and could be used as baseline references in determining the most probable motor pathways in a sample of subjects.
Evaluation of Soybean Oil as a Lipid Source for Pig Diets

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of soybean oil supplementation replacing tallow in pig diets at different stages of growth. One hundred and twenty crossbred (LandracexYorkshirexDuroc) pigs weighing 18 kg on average were selected. Pigs were randomly allotted to 12 pens of 10 pigs (5 pigs of each sex) each. Three pens were assigned to each of the four treatments: TA; tallow diet, TA-SO-80; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 80 kg average body weight, TA-SO-45; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 45 kg average body weight, and SO; soybean oil diet. Treatment SO was significantly lower in ADG than tallow diets (TA, TA-SO-80 and TA-SO-45) during the grower period (18 to 45 kg). However, treatment SO showed greatest compensation in ADFI and ADG during the finisher-2 period (after 80 kg body weight). ADFI and ADG and Gain/Feed for the total period were not significantly different among treatments. Loin area, back fat thickness, firmness and melting point of back fat were not significantly different. The levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein+very low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in treatment SO than in treatments TA-SO-45, TA-SO-80 and TA. The level of serum triglyceride linearly increased as the length of the tallow feeding period increased. Serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) level was significantly higher in the soybean oil treatment than in other treatments. Major fatty acid composition of short rib muscle and back fat were significantly influenced by treatments. Contents of α-linolenic acid (C18:3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) linearly increased as the soybean oil feeding period increased. In conclusion, soybean oil can be supplemented to the diet of pigs without significant effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially ω-3 fatty acids in the carcass was increased by soybean oil supplementation.
Temporal changes of major bacterial groups and bacterial heterotrophic activity during a Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the eastern English Channel

The temporal changes in major bacterial groups and bulk heterotrophic activity were determined during the growth, senescence and post-bloom phases of a Phaeocystis globosa bloom, at a coastal site in the eastern English Channel. Cell-specific exoenzymatic activities were highest dur- ing the growth period of P. globosa, while bacterial abundance and bacterial heterotrophic produc- tion peaked during the senescence of the P. globosa bloom. Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria were the most important bacterial groups during the growth period of P. globosa, contributing between 13 and 47% of bulk bacterial abundance and leucine incorporation. At the end of the phyto- plankton growth period, Gammaproteobacteria were the most important contributors to bacterial heterotrophic production, accounting for 68% of bulk leucine incorporation. During the senescent phase, 36 and 29% of bulk leucine incorporation were attributable to Bacteroidetes and Alphapro- teobacteria, respectively. Finally, after the disappearance of the bloom, Gamma- and Alphapro- teobacteria dominated by the Roseobacter clade were responsible for 33 and 43% of bulk leucine incorporation, respectively. The relative abundance of the bacterial groups showed little variability between consecutive dates during most of the study period. The contributions of different bacterial groups to bulk abundance and leucine incorporation were correlated with exo-proteolytic and -glu- cosidic activities and with particulate organic carbon, suggesting at least some specificity of these bacterial groups with respect to their metabolic properties in the environment.