Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antihyperglycemic effect and genotoxicity of Psittacanthus calyculatus extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G. Don (Lorantaceae) is known as “Ingerto”. The aerial parts are used in the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. Methanolic extract was tested with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Dose of 200 mg/Kg body weight for acute experiments, as well as 200 and 400 mg/Kg for semi-chronic bioassay were used. In both experiments extract produced significant hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced rats when compared with diabetic control (p 0.05). To study possible clastogenic effects of methanolic extract a mouse micronucleus test was performed (as part of the genetic toxicology trial). CD-1 white mice were administered with 200 and 400 mg /Kg of methanolic extract of P. calyculatus dissolved in water by intraperitoneal injection. The cytotoxic activity polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) and the induction of micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes (MNPCE) was recorded with sampling times of 24, 48 and 72, h after an exposure without killing of mice. The frequency of MNPCE in the circulating blood obtained from the tail of the mouse was statistically not significant compared with its negative control animals (time zero) and the PCE/NCE ratio showed evidences of light cytotoxic activity compared with its negative control animals (time zero). Thus, in this test, the methanolic extract of Psittacanthus calyculatus dissolved in water did not induce chromosomal damage resulting in micronucleus formation in peripheral blood erythrocytes and showed light cytotoxic activity.
FDiBC: A Novel Fraud Detection Method in Bank Club based on Sliding Time and Scores Window

One of the recent strategies for increasing the customer’s loyalty in banking industry is the use of customers’ club system. In this system, customers receive scores on the basis of financial and club activities they are performing, and due to the achieved points, they get credits from the bank. In addition, by the advent of new technologies, fraud is growing in banking domain as well. Therefore, given the importance of financial activities in the customers’ club system, providing an efficient and applicable method for detecting fraud is highly important in these types of systems. In this paper, we propose a novel sliding time and scores window-based method, called FDiBC (Fraud Detection in Bank Club), to detect fraud in bank club. In FDiBC, firstly, based on each score obtained by customer members of bank club, 14 features are derived, then, based on all the scores of each customer member, five sliding time and scores window-based feature vectors are proposed. For generating training and test data set from the obtained scores of fraudster and common customers in the customers’ club system of a bank, a positive and a negative label are used, respectively. After generating training data set, learning is performed through two approaches: 1) clustering and binary classification with OCSVM method for positive data, i.e. fraudster customers, and 2) multi-class classification including SVM, C4.5, KNN, and Naive Bayes methods. The results reveal that FDiBC has the ability to detect fraud with 78% accuracy and thus can be used in practice.
Changes in the triacylglycerol content of flaxseeds during development using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APPI-MS)

Changes in the composition of triacylglycerols (TAGs) of three varieties of flaxseeds (H52, O116 and P129) during development were investigated using non-aqueous reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APPI-MS). 17 species of triacylglycerols were found and their fatty acyl composition was confirmed by fragment ions in the mass spectra. The major forms observed were LnLnLn, LnLLn, LnOLn, LLLn, LnLnP, OOLn and OLLn. The highest change in these compounds occurred in the early development period for most TAGs. The most active period of triacylglycerol synthesis was between 7 and 35 days after flowering (DAF). LnLnLn exhibited the most significant increase during flaxseed development. At maturity, similar TAG profiles were found for the three samples.
Long-term spatial and temporal variation of CO 2 partial pressure in the Yellow River, China

Abstract. Carbon transport in river systems is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Most rivers of the world act as atmospheric CO2 sources due to high riverine CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). By determining the pCO2 from alkalinity and pH, we investigated its spatial and temporal variation in the Yellow River watershed using historical water chemistry records (1950s–1984) and recent sampling along the mainstem (2011–2012). Except the headwater region where the pCO2 was lower than the atmospheric equilibrium (i.e. 380 μatm), river waters in the remaining watershed were supersaturated with CO2. The average pCO2 for the watershed was estimated at 2810 ± 1985 μatm, which is 7-fold the atmospheric equilibrium. As a result of severe soil erosion and dry climate, waters from the Loess Plateau in the middle reaches had higher pCO2 than that from the upper and lower reaches. From a seasonal perspective, the pCO2 varied from about 200 μatm to > 30 000 μatm with higher pCO2 usually occurring in the dry season and lower pCO2 in the wet season (at 73% of the sampling sites), suggesting the dilution effect of water. While the pCO2 responded exponentially to total suspended solids (TSS) export when the TSS concentration was less than 100 kg m−3, it decreased slightly and remained stable if the TSS concentration exceeded 100 kg m−3. This stable pCO2 is largely due to gully erosion that mobilizes subsoils characterized by low organic carbon for decomposition. In addition, human activities have changed the pCO2 dynamics. Particularly, flow regulation by dams can diversely affect the temporal changes of pCO2, depending on the physiochemical properties of the regulated waters and adopted operation scheme. Given the high pCO2 in the Yellow River waters, large potential for CO2 evasion is expected and warrants further investigation.
Impact of planting methods and clove size on growth, yield and economics of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

The field experiment was conducted at Saidapur Farm, Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, on different planting methods and clove size on growth and yield of garlic during rabi (2016-17) season. The treatment consists of four different planting methods viz., flat bed, broad base furrow, ridges and furrow and dome shape method with three different clove sizes i.e., small (<0.75g), medium (075-1g) and large (>1g). Significant differences were observed among planting methods and the size of planting materials. Among the planting methods, dome shape method (P4) was consistently superior for growth parameters with highest plant height (57.22 cm), number of leaves (6.97), leaf area (33.93 dm) during harvesting and was on par with BBF method. Whereas, broad base furrow (BBF) method recorded highest fresh weight (22.11 g), dry weight (11.54 g), dry matter accumulation (53.57 g), bulb weight (17.89 g), bulb diameter (38.05 mm), number of cloves (26.51), hundred clove weight (98.22 g), clove size (1.57 cm) and total bulb yield (9.88 t/ha) compared to other methods. Further, planting large clove was noticed to be superior for the plant height (56.80 cm), number of leaves (6.88), leaf area (28.61 dm), fresh weight (20.71 g), dry weight (10.22 g), dry matter accumulation (50.57 g), bulb weight (17.56 g), bulb diameter (36.51 mm), number of cloves (24.83), hundred clove weight (97.96 g), clove size (1.67 cm) and total bulb yield (9.72 t). The interaction effects were found significant for number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, dry matter accumulation, number of cloves, hundred clove weight, clove size and bulb yield. However interaction effects were non significant for plant height. BBF method of planting with large clove (>1 g) was found to be superior over all the treatments as it resulted in better growth and higher yield with highest B:C ratio.
Ionized gas outflows and global kinematics of low-z luminous star-forming galaxies

Abstract We have studied the kinematic properties of the ionized gas outflows and ambient interstellar medium (ISM) in a large and representative sample of local U/LIRGs (58 systems, 75 galaxies) at galactic and sub-galactic (i.e.,star-forming clumps) scales, thanks to integral field spectroscopy (IFS)-based high signal-to-noise integrated spectra. The main results have been recently presented in Arribas et al. (2014), and are briefly summarized here.
Mechanical Properties of Uncoated and Core-shell Silicon Nanowire Arrays for the Application of Lithium Ion Batteries

Three types of silicon nanowires arrays: 1) Uncoated silicon nanowires; 2) Alumina-coated silicon nanowires and 3) Polymer-coated silicon nanowires have been studied with a newly developed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based mechanical testing protocol regarding three mechanical properties, including: i) stress-strain slope (or slope of stress-strain curve); ii) energy dissipation and iii) strain-to-failure. It is found that the alumina-coated silicon nanowires possessed the highest stress-strain slope, energy dissipation and strain-to-failure. The high stress-strain slope was attributed to the dominating elastic properties of the alumina coating, whereas the high energy dissipation and strain-to-failure were very likely to be due to the shearing of the alumina-silicon interface and the high friction coefficient of the alumina coating. It is concluded that short alumina-coated SiNW was the most suitable material to be used as LIB anode among the three materials tested since it can potentially tackle the mechanical issues during charging and discharging cycles.
Is 1.25 mg Oral Fingolimod Effective in Reducing Relapses in Adults with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not is 1.25 mg oral fingolimod effective in reducing relapses in adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis. STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies published between 2006 and 2010. DATA SOURCES: Randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials comparing daily 1.25 mg oral fingolimod to either identical placebo capsules or weekly intramuscular interferon beta1a therapy were found using Pubmed and Cochrane Databases. OUTCOMES MEASURED: Annualized relapse rate was assessed in all studies. Relapses were confirmed by neurologists and assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) to evaluate worsening symptoms. EDSS ranges from 0 (no disability) to 10 (death from multiple sclerosis). Adverse events were reported at every encounter between patients and treating physicians in Kappos et al. 2006. Independent data and safety monitoring boards were used to evaluate safety in Cohen et al. and Kappos et al. 2010, in these studies safety assessments were performed at set intervals throughout the studies. RESULTS: Both Kappos et al. studies showed that 1.25 mg oral fingolimod was effective in reducing relapses in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis compared to placebo. Cohen et al. demonstrated that 1.25 mg fingolimod was more effective in reducing relapses than the accepted therapy of interferon beta-1a injections. Adverse events were noted across all three studies. Patients in the 1.25 mg fingolimod groups were more likely to discontinue study due to serious adverse events compared to control groups. The most common serious adverse effects were bradycardia and atrioventricular block. CONCLUSIONS: All studies showed that 1.25 mg oral fingolimod daily was effective in reducing relapses in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of fingolimod for other types of multiple sclerosis and to evaluate its effectiveness at various stages of disease progression. Adverse events have been associated with the use of fingolimod. Some of the noted effects are believed to be dose dependent.
Effect of Talaromyces pinophilus and SP36 on Phosphate Available and Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) Production on Andisol Impacted by Mount Sinabung Eruption, North Sumatera. Indonesia.

Mount Sinabung erupted in September 2013, the volcanic ash is falling volcanic material ejected into the air during an eruption . Andisol formed from volcanic ash , which is rich in minerals Al and Fe which can bind phosphates making it unavailable to plants. In vitro screening of fungal from surrounding horticulture land, on their ability to dissolve phosphate showed that Talaromyces pinophilus was the best fungal. The aim of this study was to examine the capability of T.pinophilus and P fertilizer on Andisol in improving soil P- available and production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L). The research design used was factorial randomized block with two factors. Factor I was the volume of T.pinophilus inoculum, consist of 3 treatments; without T.pinophilus 10 mL, 20 and 30 mL T.pinophilus inoculum. Factor II was the dosage of SP36, consist of 3 treatments: 50%, 75%, and 100% from recommended dosage (6.5 g, 9.75 g and 13 g SP36/plant respectively). The control treatment was potato plant without applying T.pinophilus but adding 7.8 g Urea, 10 g KCl and 13 g SP36 (100% suggested P fertilizer) which was applied twice with the same dosage. The results showed that application of T.pinophilus application and P fertilizer dosage increased shoot dry weight 8.8-72.23%, soil P available 14.78-64.79%, P-uptake 8.75-53.95% and tuber yield 1.43-66.72% compared with control. The best treatment in increasing potato tuber yield was 20 ml T.pinophilus/plant and 6.5 g SP36/plant.
The Mass Elevation Effect of the Central Andes and Its Implications for the Southern Hemisphere's Highest Treeline

One of the highest treelines in the world is at 4810 m above sea level on the Sajama Volcano in the central Andes. The climatological cause of that exceptionally high treeline position is still unclear. Although it has been suggested that the mass elevation effect (MEE) explains the upward shift of treelines in the Altiplano region, the magnitude of MEE has not yet been quantified for that region. This paper defines MEE as the air temperature difference in summer at the same elevation between the inner mountains/plateaus (Altiplano) and the free atmosphere above the adjacent lowlands of the Andean Cordillera. The Altiplano air temperature was obtained from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Monthly temperature database, and the air temperature above the adjacent lowlands was interpolated based on the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis 1 data set. We analyzed the mean air temperature differences for January, July, and the warm months from October to April. The air temperature was mostly higher on the Altiplano than over the neighboring lowlands at the same altitude. The air temperature difference increased from the outer Andean east-facing slope to the interior of the Altiplano in summer, and it increased from high latitudes to low latitudes in winter. The mean air temperature in the Altiplano in summer is approximately 5 K higher than it is above the adjacent lowlands at the same mean elevation, averaging about 3700 m above sea level. This upward shift of isotherms in the inner part of the Cordillera enables the treeline to climb to 4810 m, with shrub-size trees reaching even higher. Therefore, the MEE explains the occurrence of one of the world’s highest treelines in the central Andes.
Statistical forecasting of regional avalanche danger using simulated snow-cover data

Abstract In the past, numerical prediction of regional avalanche danger using statistical methods with meteorological input variables has shown insufficiently accurate results, possibly due to the lack of snowstratigraphy data. Detailed snow-cover data were rarely used because they were not readily available (manual observations). With the development and increasing use of snow-cover models this deficiency can now be rectified and model output can be used as input for forecasting models. We used the output of the physically based snow-cover model SNOWPACK combined with meteorological variables to investigate and establish a link to regional avalanche danger. Snow stratigraphy was simulated for the location of an automatic weather station near Davos, Switzerland, over nine winters. Only dry-snow situations were considered. A variety of selection algorithms was used to identify the most important simulated snow variables. Data mining and statistical methods, including classification trees, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, hidden Markov models and nearest-neighbour methods were trained on the forecasted regional avalanche danger (European avalanche danger scale). The best results were achieved with a nearest-neighbour method which used the avalanche danger level of the previous day as additional input. A cross-validated accuracy (hit rate) of 73% was obtained. This study suggests that modelled snow-stratigraphy variables, as provided by SNOWPACK, are able to improve numerical avalanche forecasting.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from poultry offals

In recent years, attention has been paid to the growing number of gastrointestinal diseases in humans caused by Campylobacter strains. Poultry plays an important role in transmission of this foodborne pathogen. In particular, chicken and turkey carcasses have been reported to be contaminated with rates up to 100% and 62.1%, respectively (16, 24). Contamination and subsequent colonization of poultry flocks on the farm often lead to transmission of Campylobacter along the whole production chain (19). Contamination of carcasses and internal organs in poultry occur during slaughter and post-slaughter processing (20). People become infected mainly by eating raw or undercooked meat and poultry products. However, the contamination can occur even during handling or preparation of raw meat. Horrocks et al. (11) and Frederick and Huda (9) point out that not only poultry meat, but also by-products represent important sources of food poisoning microorganisms such as Campylobacter spp. , Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. The infective dose required to cause illness is as low as 500 organisms (10). Therefore, human infections occur relatively easily and often. The report of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) shows, that the number of confirmed cases of human campylobacteriosis in 2015 was 229 213 with a notification rate of 65.5 per 100 000 population (7). Campylobacter infects the small intestine and colon, causing an illness generally characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps and fever (12). Symptoms of campylobacteriosis are usually limited and disappear within 3-10 days. Most cases do not require special treatment except from replenishing fluids and electrolytes. However, antibiotic treatment is recommended in case of longterm, severe diarrhea, high fever and confirmation of the presence of Campylobacter spp. in the blood. In terms of the widespread use of antibiotics in animal production, it is necessary to be aware of the increasing number of strains resistant to chemotherapy. The Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from poultry offals
Modelling uncertainty using circulation-preserving stochastic transport noise in a 2-layer quasi-geostrophic model

The stochastic variational approach for geophysical fluid dynamics was introduced by Holm (Proc Roy Soc A, 2015) as a framework for deriving stochastic parameterisations for unresolved scales. The key feature of transport noise is that it respects the Kelvin circulation theorem. This paper applies the variational stochastic parameterisation in a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model for a $\beta$-plane channel flow configuration. The parameterisation is tested by comparing it with a deterministic high resolution eddy-resolving solution that has reached statistical equilibrium. We describe a stochastic time-stepping scheme for the two-layer model and discuss its consistency in time. Then we describe a procedure for estimating the stochastic forcing to approximate unresolved components using data from the high resolution deterministic simulation. We compare an ensemble of stochastic solutions at lower resolution with the numerical solution of the deterministic model. These computations quantify the uncertainty of the coarse grid computation relative to the fine grid computation. The results show that the proposed parameterisation is efficient and effective for both homogeneous and heterogeneous flows, and they lay a solid foundation for data assimilation.
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Marsilea crenata Presl. Extract and Fractions as Marker of MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast Cell Differentiation

Phytoestrogen is a group compound which has estrogen-like structure or function. The aim of this research was to evaluate phytoestrogen stimulating activity inside Marsilea crenata Presl leaves on alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a marker in osteoblast differentiation. Osteoblast cells were exposed with n-hexane extract of M. crenata leaves with dose 400, 200, 100, 50, and 25 ppm, and 4 fractions of M. crenata leaves with dose 25 ppm for 48 hours. N-hexane extract and four fractions of M. crenata leaves were tested using immunocytochemistry (ICC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed anon monotonic response was between dose improvement of n-hexane extract and ALP activity, whereas fraction 2 and fraction 4 were able to increase ALP activity that valued of 96.711 and 131.840, respectively, which was more than control. Through correlation analysis between research result and literature, it could be concluded that palmitic acid in fraction 2 and fraction 4 were phytoestrogen compound in M. crenata that played role in the improvement of ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell.
Metallicity effect and planet mass function in pebble-based planet formation models

Context. One of the main scenarios of planet formation is the core accretion model where a massive core forms first and then accretes a gaseous envelope. This core forms by accreting solids, either planetesimals or pebbles. A key constraint in this model is that the accretion of gas must proceed before the dissipation of the gas disc. Classical planetesimal accretion scenarios predict that the time needed to form a giant planet’s core is much longer than the time needed to dissipate the disc. This difficulty led to the development of another accretion scenario, in which cores grow by accretion of pebbles, which are much smaller and thus more easily accreted, leading to more rapid formation. Aims. The aim of this paper is to compare our updated pebble-based planet formation model with observations, in particular the well-studied metallicity effect. Methods. We adopt the Bitsch et al. (2015a, A&A, 575, A28) disc model and the Bitsch et al. (2015b, A&A, 582, A112) pebble model and use a population synthesis approach to compare the formed planets with observations. Results. We find that keeping the same parameters as in Bitsch et al. (2015b, A&A, 582, A112) leads to no planet growth due to a computation mistake in the pebble flux (2018b). Indeed a large fraction of the heavy elements should be put into pebbles (Zpeb∕Ztot = 0.9) in order to form massive planets using this approach. The resulting mass functions show a huge amount of giants and a lack of Neptune-mass planets, which are abundant according to observations. To overcome this issue we include the computation of the internal structure for the planetary atmosphere in our model. This leads to the formation of Neptune-mass planets but no observable giants. Furthermore, reducing the opacity of the planetary envelope more closely matches observations. Conclusions. We conclude that modelling the internal structure for the planetary atmosphere is necessary to reproduce observations.