Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quasi-particle re-summation and integral gap equation in thermal field theory

A new approach to quantum field theory at finite temperature and density in arbitrary space-time dimension D is developed. We focus mainly on relativistic theories, but the approach applies to non-relativistic ones as well. In this quasi-particle re-summation, the free energy takes the free-field form but with the one-particle energy ? () replaced by ? (), the latter satisfying a temperature-dependent integral equation with kernel related to a zero temperature form-factor of the trace of stress-energy tensor. For 2D integrable theories the approach reduces to the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. For relativistic theories, a thermal c-function Cqs(T) is defined for any D based on the coefficient of the black body radiation formula. Thermodynamical constraints on it's flow are presented, showing that it can violate a ``c-theorem'' even in 2D. At a fixed point Cqs is a function of thermal gap parameters which generalizes Roger's dilogarithm to higher dimensions. This points to a strategy for classifying rational theories based on ``polylogarithmic ladders'' in mathematics, and many examples are worked out. Other applications are discussed, including the free energy of anyons in 2D and 3D, phase transitions with a chemical potential, and the equation of state for cosmological dark energy. For the latter we show that ? 1 < w < ? 1/3.
Immunostochimistry as a Tool for Chronic Hepatitis Diagnosis

Detection and localization of hepatitis viruses in liver tissue are vital for diagnostic purposes and clinical management of infected patients, as well as for the elucidation of viropathological mechanisms. The fragility of RNA and/or the low levels of viral expression in infected tissues are a constant limitation in molecular assays for viral characterization. Viral antigen detection, by immunochemistry, in liver biopsies is an attractive option for precise localization and quantification of viral proteins with direct access to histological patterns. We will describe studies using immunohistochemical methods effective on fixed, archived specimens, including liver biopsies and surgical resection samples.
Magical Hopes: Manipulatives and the Reform of Math Education.

T HIS ARTICLE begins wi th a s tory f rom my o w n teaching of third-grade mathematics. ' It centers on an unusual idea about odd and even numbers that one of my students proposed. 2 The crux of the story, however, is the response I've received whenever I 've shown a segment of videotape from that particular lesson to groups of educators. First, wha t h a p p e n e d in the class: One day, as we began class, SPan announced, seemingly out of the blue, that he had been thinking that six could be both odd a n d even because it was made of "three twos. " He drew the following on the board to demonstrate his point:
Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use in Children & Adolescents: Clinical Profile and Comparison

Background: Evidence suggests that tobacco use starts at an earlier age. Despite the purported usefulness to discern the high risk groups and thus finding out potential facets of prevention and early intervention cursory attention has been paid to determine the profile of child and adolescent tobacco users. Aims: This study aimed to find out the socio-demographic and clinical profile of adolescent tobacco users attending a specialized clinic in a tertiary care hospital and those seeking treatment in community camps. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of consecutive subjects enrolled in the Tobacco Cessation Centre (TCC). Majority of these subjects were referred by medicalsurgical departments of the hospital, and attending community outreach camps. Tobacco Cessation Clinic-Intake Form developed by WHO has been modified and administered for the purpose of the research. A comparison has been made between the smokers and
Mixed-Integer Linear Representability, Disjunctions, and Chvátal Functions - Modeling Implications

Jeroslow and Lowe gave an exact geometric characterization of subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$ that are projections of mixed-integer linear sets, also known as MILP-representable or MILP-R sets. We give an alternate algebraic characterization by showing that a set is MILP-R {\em if and only if} the set can be described as the intersection of finitely many {\em affine Chvatal inequalities} in continuous variables (termed AC sets). These inequalities are a modification of a concept introduced by Blair and Jeroslow. Unlike the case for linear inequalities, allowing for integer variables in Chvatal inequalities and projection does not enhance modeling power. We show that the MILP-R sets are still precisely those sets that are modeled as affine Chvatal inequalites with integer variables. Furthermore, the projection of a set defined by affine Chvatal inequalites with integer variables is still an MILP-R set. We give a sequential variable elimination scheme that, when applied to a MILP-R set yields the AC set characterization. This is related to the elimination scheme of Williams and Williams-Hooker, who describe projections of integer sets using \emph{disjunctions} of affine Chvatal systems. We show that disjunctions are unnecessary by showing how to find the affine Chvatal inequalities that cannot be discovered by the Williams-Hooker scheme. This allows us to answer a long-standing open question due to Ryan (1991) on designing an elimination scheme to represent finitely-generated integral monoids as a system of Chvatal inequalities \emph{without} disjunctions. Finally, our work can be seen as a generalization of the approach of Blair and Jeroslow, and Schrijver for constructing consistency testers for integer programs to general AC sets.
Formalizing Evaluation in Music Information Retrieval: A Look at the MIREX Automatic Mood Classification Task

We develop a formalism to disambiguate the evaluation of music information retrieval systems. We define a “system,” what it means to “analyze” one, and make clear the aims, parts, design, execution, interpretation, and assumptions of its “evaluation. ” We apply this formalism to discuss the MIREX automatic mood classification task.
Modeling team knowledge sharing and team flexibility: The role of within-team competition

This study examines the role of within-team competition (i.e. team hypercompetition and team development competition) in a team process. We developed and tested a model that associates team collectivism as the antecedent of within-team competition, and knowledge sharing and team flexibility as the outcomes. The model was empirically tested with data from 141 knowledge-intensive teams. The empirical findings showed that team collectivism had a positive relationship with team development competition and a negative relationship with team hypercompetition. Regarding the outcomes, team development competition and team hypercompetition had an indirect relationship with knowledge sharing and team flexibility through team empowerment. We offer a number of original contributions to the team effectiveness literature, especially by showing that team hypercompetition and team development competition have different impacts on team knowledge sharing and team flexibility.
A Sequential Allocation Problem: The Asymptotic Distribution of Resources

In this paper, we consider a sequential allocation problem with n individuals. The first individual can consume any amount of a resource, leaving the remainder for the second individual, and so on. Motivated by the limitations associated with the cooperative or non-cooperative solutions, we propose a new approach from basic definitions of representativeness and equal treatment. The result is a unique asymptotic allocation rule for any number of individuals. We show that it satisfies a set of desirable properties.
Queen ' s University Belfast-Research Portal Intermarriage in a Divided Society : Ireland a Century Ago

This paper explores the characteristics associated with marriages between Roman Catholics and members of other religious denominations in Ireland before the Great War. Using the entire digitized returns of the 1911 population census, we find that such marriages were relatively rare, occurring in less than one percent of total marriages. Some of this infrequency can be attributed to ethno-religious hostility—especially in the north of the country. However, we also show that the rarity of intermarriage reflects local marriage markets, as non-Roman Catholics living in communities with fewer coreligionists were more likely to intermarry. We examine the individual characteristics of partners in these marriages, looking at the religious denomination of their children, their decision to marry out, and their fertility behavior. Our findings illustrate how the frequency of intermarriage reflects historical levels of intolerance, but only after local marriage market conditions have been accounted for. JEL-Classification: N83, J12, J13
School Accountability and the Black-White Test Score Gap

The recent movement toward increased accountability of schools raises questions about its impact on racial and ethnic differences in performance. Using panel data for states from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), we investigate how accountability and a variety of other attributes affect student performance in math and reading. We find that accountability has a positive influence on everybody’s achievement, but that it will not close the black-white achievement gap. Thus, when there are multiple objectives – raising performance and closing achievement gaps – more than a single policy instrument will be required.
Genetic Risk Assessment in Cigarette Smokers

The genotoxic effect of cigarette smoke was investigated on somatic chromosomes of fifty occupationally non-exposed male cigarette smokers. These were compared to an equal number of non-smokers matched with respect to age, sex and social status. The mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges(SCE) and satellite associations (SA) were analysed. All the parameters showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in the smokers compared with controls: viz. MI (3.78-6.59), CA (0.98-2.94), SCE (3.64-7.67) and SA (5.54-10.54). A clear time-dose-effect relationship was observed. Cigarette smoke is, thus, both clastogenic and genotoxic for human beings.
SPECTRAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE REMNANT OF SUPERNOVA 1987A WITH ALMA AND ATCA

We present a comprehensive spectral and morphological analysis of the remnant of supernova (SN) 1987A with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The non-thermal and thermal components of the radio emission are investigated in images from 94 to 672 GHz (λ 3.2 mm to 450 μm), with the assistance of a high-resolution 44 GHz synchrotron template from the ATCA, and a dust template from ALMA observations at 672 GHz. An analysis of the emission distribution over the equatorial ring in images from 44 to 345 GHz highlights a gradual decrease of the east-to-west asymmetry ratio with frequency. We attribute this to the shorter synchrotron lifetime at high frequencies. Across the transition from radio to far infrared, both the synchrotron/dust-subtracted images and the spectral energy distribution (SED) suggest additional emission beside the main synchrotron component (Sν∝ν−0.73) and the thermal component originating from dust grains at T ∼ 22 K. This excess could be due to free–free flux or emission from grains of colder dust. However, a second flat-spectrum synchrotron component appears to better fit the SED, implying that the emission could be attributed to a pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The residual emission is mainly localized west of the SN site, as the spectral analysis yields −0.4 ≲ α ≲ −0.1 across the western regions, with α ∼ 0 around the central region. If there is a PWN in the remnant interior, these data suggest that the pulsar may be offset westward from the SN position.
Modern History of Cathodic Arc Coating

Introduction Coatings based on the condensation of cathodic arc plasmas are widely used for a range of applications including hard and wear resistant coatings on tools and automotive parts and corrosion resistant and decorative coatings on building supplies such as faucets and handles. The origin of the technology can be traced back to the 18th century. Many observations were closely related to the development of electrical power sources and early electrical engineering. Major advancements on cathodic arc physics were made after the electron was discovered (J.J. Thomson 1897) and the structure of the atom was roughly understood (E. Rutherford 1911). The early history of arc discharges and first arc-based coatings is described in other publications [1-3]. The actual industrial use of cathodic arc technology evolved in the 1970s in the Soviet Union and 1980s in the Western hemisphere. In this contribution, the modern history is briefly reviewed, including the development of industrial arc coaters for hard and decorative coatings, the need for the implementation of macroparticle filtering, and the use of arc plasmas for the fabrication of multilayers, composite coatings, and nanostructures.
Peroxisome biogenesis and dynamics in Hansenula polymorpha

Peroxisomen zijn cruciaal voor het optimaal functioneren van eukaryote cellen, waaronder in de mens. Hun fysiologische functie is zeer flexibel en kan snel worden aangepast aan specifieke behoeften van de cel. Dit proefschrift beschrijft een aantal aspecten van de biologie van peroxisomen in de gist Hansenula polymorpha. In gist vermeerderen peroxisomen zich door deling. We hebben vastgesteld dat tijdens dit delingsproces een aantal belangrijke peroxisomale membraan eiwitten (PMP’s) onevenredig worden verdeeld en specifiek naar het dochterorganel worden getransporteerd. Het fysiologische voordeel hiervan is dat de dochtercel voorzien wordt van nieuwe peroxisomen die optimaal zijn toegerust om hun nieuwe functie in de cel te kunnen uitoefenen, Naast deling, kan de novo peroxisoom vorming optreden in cellen die het organel missen b.v. als gevolg van een specifieke mutatie (als in pex3 cellen). Tot op heden werd aangenomen dat pex3 cellen geen peroxisomale membraanresten bevatten en dat nieuwe peroxisomen werden gevormd uit het ER. Zeer onverwacht bleken deze cellen toch zulke membraanresten te bevatten welke de donor membranen vormden (en niet het ER) bij inductie van de novo peroxisoom vorming. De consequentie van deze uiterst belangrijke waarneming is dat de huidige modellen van de novo peroxisoom vorming en de sorteringsroutes van PMPs niet meer kloppen en belangrijke aanpassing behoeven. Tevens hebben we van twee eiwitten (Pex23 en Pex32) hun functie bepaald in organel biogenese (Pex23) en de novo synthese (Pex32) en een homoloog van Inp2 geidentificeerd, die betrokken is bij een correcte verdeling van peroxisomen over moeder en dochtercel tijdens celdeling.
The visitors' perception of authenticity at the museums: archaeology versus modern art

The aim of this paper is to analyse quantitatively the visitors' perception of authenticity in two different types of museums: archaeology versus modern and contemporary art. The research is based on 1288 questionnaires collected from June to September 2011 among the visitors of the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology (ÖTZI) in Bolzano and the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (MART) in Trento-Rovereto. Logit models were used in order to estimate the set of independent variables that significantly influence both the perception of the authenticity and the ‘virtual’ choice between the two types of museums considered. The results suggested that the authenticity perception was related to peculiar authenticity-related factors and by specific socio-demographic characteristics of the interviewee, although some common elements emerge. In particular, ÖTZI authenticity is linked to its uniqueness in the world, whereas MART visitors relate authenticity to the museum's building and the perception that it was not just a tourist attraction. The empirical evidence confirms the well-known concept that authenticity perception is a dynamic experience, depending on the peculiar characteristics of the attraction analysed.
Duration and timing of reproduction in decapod crustaceans of the NW Mediterranean continental margin: is there a general pattern?

To describe how decapod crustaceans are adapted to depth, the duration and timing of the reproductive periods of the 19 most abundant species were compared across the continental mar- gin of the NW Mediterranean Sea. Reproductive activity centered on different seasons, depending on genus, but the deepest-dwelling species of this study, i.e. those living at depths from 600 to >1000 m, showed more seasonal reproductive activity than species dwelling in shallower waters, in which reproductive activity occurred year-round. Thus, in genera where 2 or more species were studied (Pasiphaea, Processa, Plesionika, Munida), the duration of the reproductive periods decreased with increasing depth distribution of congeneric species. This pattern was present in epi-mesopelagic, nektobenthic and benthic species. The only exception was the blind palinuran Polycheles typhlops. Suspended particulate matter concentration in the water column generally decreased from the shelf and upper-slope down to the deep-slope region along the 3 seasonal samplings. Furthermore, verti- cal fluxes collected near the bottom at ~1000 m depth showed a clear seasonal trend. We discuss how differential matter sinking to the benthic ecosystems versus species depth distribution may be the proximal cause of decapod crustacean reproductive seasonality, and how phylogenesis and light intensity should also be taken into account when describing how species are adapted to the transi- tional depths of the continental margin of the NW Mediterranean Sea.
Accurate X-ray position and multiwavelength observations of the isolated neutron star RBS 1774

We report on X-ray, optical, infrared and radio observations of the isolated neutron star 1RXS J214303.7+065419 (RBS 1774). The X-ray observation was performed with the high-resolution camera onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory, allowing us to derive the most accurate position for this source (; 90 per cent uncertainty of 0.6 arcsec). Furthermore, we confirmed with a higher spatial accuracy the point-like nature of this X-ray source. Observations were taken in B, V, r′, i′, J, H and Ks filters using the Keck, Very Large Telescope (VLT), Blanco and Magellan telescopes, while radio observations were obtained from the Parkes single dish at 2.9 GHz and 708 MHz. No plausible optical and/or infrared counterpart for RBS 1774 was detected within the refined sub-arsecond Chandra X-ray error circle. Present upper limits to the optical and the infrared magnitudes are r′ > 25.7 and J > 22.6 (5σ confidence level). Radio observations did not show evidence for radio pulsations down to a luminosity at 1.4 GHz of L < 0.02 mJy kpc2. Furthermore, no convincing evidence for Rotating Radio Transients-like radio bursts has been found. Our results on RBS 1774 are discussed and compared with the known properties of other thermally emitting neutron stars.
Oxygen photolysis in the Mauritanian upwelling: Implications for net community production

We carried out 16 photochemical experiments of filtered surface water in a custom‐built solar simulator and concomitant measurements of in vitro gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) in the Mauritanian upwelling during a Lagrangian study following three sulfur hexafluoride—labeled patches of upwelled water (P1 to P3). Oxygen photolysis rates were correlated with the absorbance of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) at 300 nm, suggesting first‐order kinetics with respect to CDOM. An exponential fit was used to calculate the apparent quantum yield (AQY) for oxygen photolysis, giving an average AQY of 0.00053 µmol O2 (mole photons m−2 s−1)−1 at 280 nm and slope of 0.0012 nm−1. Modeled photochemical oxygen demand (POD) at the surface (3–16 mmol m−3 d−1) occasionally exceeded R and was dominated by ultraviolet radiation (71–79%). Euphotic‐layer integrated GPP decreased with time during both P‐1 and P‐3, whereas R remained relatively constant and POD increased during P‐1 and decreased during P‐3. On Day 4 of P‐3, GPP and POD maxima coincided with high CDOM absorbance, suggesting “new” CDOM production. Omitting POD may lead to an underestimation of net community production (NCP), both through in vitro and geochemical methods (here by 2–22%). We propose that oxygen‐based NCP estimates should be revised upward. For the Mauritanian upwelling, the POD‐corrected NCP was strongly correlated with standard NCP with a slope of 1.0066 ± 0.0244 and intercept of 46.51 ± 13.15 mmol m−2 d−1.
Significance of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Detection in Patients with Lupus Nephritis

Introduction: Clinical and laboratory markers have limited specificity and sensitivity for predicting renal disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients. Aim of the Work: In this study we investigated whether urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (uNGAL) predicts active nephritis with or without history of biopsyproven lupus nephritis (LN), also to find the correlation between uNGAL with serum creatinine level, creatinine clearance, anti-double-stranded (dsDNA) anti body and disease activity score in SLE patients. Methods: Sixty-three SLE patients based on the American
IS VERMONT LOSING ITS OLIGOTROPHIC LAKES

In the early 1970s, a series of experiments conducted in several small lakes in northwestern Ontario established the critical role phosphorus plays in lake ecology. In one of these experiments, now a classic in the history of limnological science, an hourglassshaped lake was divided into two separate but similar bays using a vinyl curtain installed in the narrow middle section. One bay of the lake was fertilized with nitrogen and carbon, while the other was fertilized with both those nutrients, but in addition, phosphorus. Only the bay fertilized with phosphorus developed algal blooms, turning the bay into pea soup, while the other bay remained clear. One year after D.W. Schindler published this classic paper on the results of the Ontario experiments (Schindler 1976), the nascent Vermont Lakes and Ponds Management and Protection Program (LPMPP) began monitoring phosphorus. Each year, the LPMPP samples 40-100 lakes and ponds greater than 20 acres (more recently including lakes greater than 10 acres) during spring turnover, following the progression of ice-out from south to north, and from low to high elevation, throughout the state. The goal is to collect water samples for phosphorus testing when the lakes are well mixed, after ice out but before the
In vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial cells

The aim of the investigation was to detect the in vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cells of the endothelial lineage. MSCs were generated from mononuclear bone marrow cells from healthy donors separated by density gradient centrifugation. Cells were characterized by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies and were tested for their potential to differentiate various mesenchymal lineages. The isolated MSCs were positive for the markers CD105, CD73, CD166, CD90, and CD44 and negative for typical hematopoietic and endothelial markers. They were able to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes after cultivation in respective media. Differentiation into endothelial-like cells was induced by cultivation of confluent cells in the presence of 2% fetal calf serum and 50 ng/ml vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Laser scanning cytometry analysis of the confluent cells in situ showed a strong increase of expression of endothelial-specific markers like KDR and FLT-1. The functional behavior of the differentiated cells was tested with an in vitro angiogenesis test kit where cells formed characteristic capillary-like structures. These predifferentiated cells provide new options for engineering of artificial tissues based on autologous MSCs and vascularized engineered tissues