Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of Word Order in the Adjective-Added Korean Classifier Phrases

This study explores the acquisition of internal orderings of adjective-added Korean classifier phrases. When a classifier phrase includes an adjective, two constraints rule out impossible orderings: adjectives occur before the noun they modify, and no modifying elements can intervene between the number and the classifier. An acceptability judgment experiment was conducted with native Korean-speaking adults and children to test their knowledge of the two constraints. The results indicate that, like adults, the children know the two constraints, disallowing impossible orderings. The results also show a ranking in the preference of the possible orderings. We suggest that semantic compositionality (i.e., A and N together) can account for the preferred internal orderings of Korean adjective-added classifier phrases.
Characterization and properties of matrices with k-involutory symmetries II

We say that a matrix R ∈ C is k-involutory if its minimal polynomial is x − 1 for some k ≥ 2, so R = R and the eigenvalues of R are 1, ζ, ζ,. , ζ, where ζ = e. Let α, μ ∈ {0, 1, . , k − 1}. If R ∈ C, A ∈ C, S ∈ C and R and S are k-involutory, we say that A is (R, S, α,μ)-symmetric if RAS = ζA. We show that an (R, S, α, μ)-symmetric matrix A can be usefully represented in terms of matrices F` ∈ C cα`+μ×d` , 0 ≤ ` ≤ k − 1, where c` and d` are respectively the dimensions of the ζeigenspaces of R and S. This continues a theme initiated in an earlier paper with the same title, in which we assumed that α = 1. We say that a k-involution is equidimensional with width d if all of its eigenspaces have dimension d. We show that if R and S are equidimensional k-involutions with widths d1 and d2 respectively, then (R, S, α, μ)-symmetric matrices are closely related to generalized αcirculants [ζAs−αr] k−1 r,s=0, where A0, A1, . , Ak−1 ∈ C d1×d2 . For this case our results are new even if α = 1. We also give an explicit formula for the Moore-Penrose inverse of a unilevel block circulant [As−αr] k−1 r,s=0 for any α ∈ {0, 1, . , k − 1}, generalizing a result previously obtained for the case where gcd(α, k) = 1. MSC: 15A09; 15A15; 15A18; 15A99
BREEDING PHENOLOGY AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF POND USE BY THE YELLOW-BELLIED TOAD (BOMBINA VARIEGATA) POPULATION: THE IMPORTANCE OF POND AVAILABILITY AND DURATION

We analysed the spatial and temporal variation of breeding habitat availability and use by a yellow-bellied toad population in a mixed deciduous forest between 2003n2005. During this period, the number of temporary ponds was highly variable. Toads tended to exploit newly created breeding habitats or those of which hydroperiod increased due to precipitation. Ponds with intermediate and long duration were preferred for reproduction. We found no evidence of predator avoidance behaviour (aquatic inver- tebrates and newts) or reproductive failure in ponds containing aquatic predators. Ponds located in sunny patches of the forest were preferred for reproduction. We suggest that ponds that act as sinks in years with low precipitation could contribute to the demography of toad populations in rainy years, when their hydroperiod increases.
Forest condition and chemical characteristics of atmospheric depositions: research and monitoring network in Lombardy

Since 1987, the Regional Forestry Board of Lombardy and the Water Research Institute of the National Research Council have been carrying out surveys of forest conditions and the response of the ecosystem to environmental factors. The study approach is based on a large number of permanent plots for extensive monitoring (Level 1). At this level, crown condition is assessed annually, and soil condition and the nutritional status of forests surveyed. Some of the permanent plots were selected for intensive monitoring (Level 2), focussing mainly on the impact of atmospheric pollution on forest ecosystems. Level 2 monitoring also includes increment analyses, ground vegetation assessment, atmospheric deposition, soil solution analyses and climatic observations. This paper summarises the main results of a pluriannual research, which provides a general picture of the state of forest health in the region and focuses on more detailed investigations, described as case studies. Modified wet and dry samplers which use a water surface to collect dry deposition were used in a pluriannual field campaign at five sites in alpine and prealpine areas, to measure the total atmospheric depositions and to evaluate the nitrogen and sulphate exceedances of critical loads. Throughfall and bulk precipitation chemistry were studied for five years (June 1994-May 1999) at two high elevation forest sites (Val Gerola and Val Masino) which were known to differ in terms of tree health, as assessed by live crown condition. Results indicated a higher contribution from the dry deposition of N-NO3 -, N-NH4 + and H+ and considerable canopy leaching of Ca2+, K+ and weak organic acids at Val Gerola, where the symptoms of damage were more evident. In the area of Val Masino (SO), included since 1997 in the national CONECOFOR network, investigations focused on the effectiveness of the biological compartment in modifying fluxes of atmospheric elements, and on the role of nitrogen both as an acidifying element and as a nutrient. To estimate the input-output budget of the catchment, monitoring was extended to stream water and soil solution.
Chapter I : Prey naivety in the behavioural responses of juvenile Chinook ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) salmon to an invasive predator

Rapid environmental change has created a need to understand the interactive effects among multiple stressors. In freshwater ecosystems, past and projected changes in temperature and flow regimes and the effects of invasive predators have been identified as key threats to imperiled species. Although mortality is the primary focus in many studies of multiple stressors, sublethal effects can be at least as important in driving the behavior and growth of individuals, leading to effects on population structure and abundance. To examine the separate and interactive effects of multiple stressors on integrated responses, we tested the effects of increased water temperature and predation by non-native smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) on the sublethal (behavior, physiology, and growth) and lethal (mortality) effects for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in large, semi-natural stream channels over 48-hour trials. Contrary to expectation, there was no significant difference in mortality of juvenile salmon due to predation in warmer water. Fish in both predator treatments significantly reduced swimming activity and increased surface water shoaling (an antipredator behavior); however, warmer temperatures resulted in stronger and overall more variable behavioral responses to predation. There was no additive effect of temperature and predation on physiological indicators (plasma glucose, plasma cortisol); our results instead show an antagonistic interaction, indicating suppression of physiological mechanisms by the combined stressors. Growth was significantly reduced in the combined treatment, indicating a negative interactive effect of increased temperature and predation.
Determinants of compliance with AAOIFI standards by Islamic banks

Purpose - The authors explore the level and determinants of compliance with Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institution’s (AAOIFI) financial and governance standards by Islamic banks (IBs). Design/methodology/approach - The sample consists of 43 IBs across eight countries. The authors use ordinary least squares regression analyses to examine the impact of bank-specific characteristics and corporate governance (CG) mechanisms concerned with Board of Directors (BOD) and Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) on the levels of compliance with AAOIFI standards. Findings - The paper finds that the average compliance level based on AAOIFI standards concerning the SSB is 68 per cent; corporate social responsibility (CSR) is 27 per cent; and presentation of financial statements (FSs) is 73 per cent. The aggregate disclosure based on the three indices is 56 per cent. The analysis also shows that size, existing Sharia-auditing department, age and CG of SSB are the main determinants of compliance levels. Originality/value - The determinants of compliance with AAOIFI standards for IBs around the world have not been explored before, and therefore, this paper is the first of its kind to this issue.
Corporate social responsibility in small and medium enterprises (SME) in Sri Lanka

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) remains a broad, complex and continually evolving concept that encompasses a variety of ideas and practices. Practice has so far primarily been concentrated on the large multinational enterprises, but its wider application in SMEs is of central importance, concerning their contribution to the economy and employment performance and to contribute to the economic development of the society. Concerning the growing importance of the SME sector in Sri Lanka, this study mainly focus on gaining an initial insight to the nature, perception and the extent of the application of the CSR concept in the small and medium enterprises. The concept was measured through four dimensions of stakeholder theory derived from the literature namely environment protection, employee care, Community care and employee concern. Fifty number of semi structured questionnaires were collected from owner/managers of small and medium sized firms operating in Western province, spanning a variety of industries and the data was analyzed using non parametric statistics. Results revealed that majority of firms believe that they should pay attention to their social and environmental responsibilities. The familiarity with the term CSR, involvement and the regularity of CSR activities undertaken were high in medium size firms than in smaller ones. The community was the most cited stakeholder, followed by the environment. Customers and employees in their definition of CSR. All industries in the sample indicates that the motivation factor for adapting CSR is to improve firm's reputation, employee motivation and to improve economic performance while ethical and moral reason reserves the least importance as a motivating factor for CSR. The main barriers were lack of money and attitude of no benefit in short run.
Comparative Study Of The Efficacy Of Articaine And Mepivacaine: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Clinical Trial

Introduction: Selection of a particular agent must be taken into account for planning procedures in Dentistry. Materials and Methods: This is a double blind randomized clinical trial with paired groups to compare two commercial anesthetics solutions of mepivacaine 2% (ME) (with adrenalin 1:100.000) and articaine 4% (AR). Results: Twenty five (25) patients were randomly selected to participate. One subject was excluded due to a possibly delayed-type hypersensitivity to AR. Statistically significant differences between AR and ME VAS scores were observed in 3 minutes postinjection indicating that AR (p=0.046) reached a deepest anesthetic effect for fine sensibility and in 15 minutes postinjection 4% AR (p= 0.002) showed a greater anesthesia area. The anesthesia`s deepness was statistically significant better over the time to 4% AR (p< 0.0001) compared to 2% ME. Conclusions: The results indicated that 4% articaine was superior of 2% mepivacaine in anesthesia`s deepness mainly over the first 60 minutes.
Willingness to Communicate and Japanese High School English Learners

In this longitudinal study I investigated the extent, if any, to which Japanese high school English learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC; McCroskey & Richmond, 1985) changes over the 3 years of high school and then explored the reasons for the changes or stability. A questionnaire was developed drawing on the WTC scale (McCroskey, 1992) and administered to 190 students three times at yearly intervals. The data were analyzed with the Rasch rating scale model and ANOVAs. Two distinct constructs were identified across the three waves of data: willingness to communicate with friends and acquaintances (WTCFA) and willingness to communicate with strangers (WTCS). The results showed that neither WTCFA nor WTCS changed significantly over the high school years, and that WTCS remained low. Follow-up interviews with selected students suggested several possible reasons for the questionnaire results.
Outside Directors and Firm Performance: The Moderating Effects of Ownership and Board Leadership Structure

This study examines the nature and significance of the moderating effects of ownership and board leadership structure on the relationship between outside directors and firm performance. Using a sample of 42 non-financial Tunisian firms over the period 2004-2010, the results confirm the agency view of the positive relationship between board independence and performance. Similarly, in accordance with agency theory predictions, the results show that family ownership and CEO duality moderate negatively the outside directors–firm performance relationship. However, contrary to the predictions, institutional ownership moderates negatively that relationship. This can be explained by the substitution effect between corporate governance mechanisms. On the other hand, the largest shareholder ownership seems as a homologizer variable that influences the strength of the outside directors-firm performance relationship .
Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: An Analysis of Pro-Poor Growth in Indonesia

In the concept of pro-poor growth, economic growth accompanied by fair income distribution will accelerate the rate of poverty reduction. By employing extensive data of household expenditures and other economic indicators, the study will examine the performance of economic growth in Indonesia whether it has been pro-poor over the period 2005-2013. We employ two methods in this article, Growth Incidence Curve (GIC) method, and Pro-Poor Growth Index (PPGI) method. By applying the GIC method, our empirical results indicate that economic growth in Indonesia has not been pro-poor during the observed period. The curve shows that the highest income population enjoys increased consumption more than the poorest population. Furthermore, PPGI method has revealed that economic growth, inequality, and an interaction term between economic growth and inequality have been significant to influence poverty incidence in Indonesia. Our empirical result also reveals that among manufacturing, agriculture, and services sector; it was manufacturing that has successfully reduced the number of the poor, while agriculture unexpectedly had a devastating impact on the number of poor people. The services sector, meanwhile, had not contributed to poverty alleviation. Furthermore, none of the government spending in education and health that significantly contributes to poverty alleviation.
MERGING ACTIVITY IN THE GREEK BANKING SYSTEM: A FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of this paper is to assess the overall financial performance and value implications of recent mergers and acquisitions in the Greek banking system. The operating performance (OP) methodology is based on accounting data and observes the pre- and post-merger financial performance of banks. The event study approach utilizes stock returns of acquiring and target banks around the announcement date of the merger to determine the presence of abnormal returns. Consistent with the international literature, OP results do not provide much evidence of performance gains resulting from bank mergers. Nevertheless, merged banks seem to outperform the group of non-merging banks. The event study approach indicates that mergers create value on a net aggregate basis.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW AND FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN CROSSFLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID OVER TWO ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS

In this paper, the problem of laminar two dimensional heat transfer from two rotating circular cylinders in cross flow of incompressible fluid under isothermal boundary condition is investigated. The study is based on the numerical solution of the full conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy for Reynolds numbers (based on cylinder diameter and velocity of uniform stream) up to 40 while Prandtl number ranges between 0.7 and 50. For the range of parameters considered, the study revealed that the rate of heat transfer decreases with the increase of speed of cylinders rotation for the gap between cylinders more than one diameter. The increase of Prandtl number resulted in an appreciable increase in the average Nusselt number. The streamlines and isotherms are plotted for a number of cases to show the details of the velocity and thermal fields.
Comparability and Usability: Key issues in the design of internet forms for New Zealand’s 2006 Census of Populations and Dwellings

Designing internet questionnaires to collect data that will ultimately be comparable with the data collected from paper questionnaires can present a number of challenges for developers. This paper discusses the design and development of internet forms for use in a mixed-mode Census in New Zealand in 2006. Using experiences from the design and testing of prototype forms, it describes design features intended to take full advantage of the capabilities of the internet mode, while preserving the qualities of paper based responding to help prevent mode effects. The discussion also highlights the role of usability testing as a key tool in evaluating the success of those design strategies and ensuring that the forms would be simple and easy to use.
Does Managerial Foresight Matter in Microenterprise Performance? Evidence from Nepalese Microenterprises

Foresight aspect of micro-entrepreneurs and its effects on the microenterprise performance is a novel field of study. In this regard, using primary data enumerated from 501 randomly sampled micro-entrepreneurs across three ecological belts in Nepal, the study focused on assessing the effects of managerial foresight on the microenterprise performance in Nepal. The study observed significant indirect effects of educational attainment, need for achievement, need for autonomy, enterprise size, initial financial constraints, environmental hostility and social network on the microenterprise performance through managerial foresight. Managerial foresight appears to fortify the positive effects of educational attainment, initial financial constraints meanwhile reduce the negative effects of need for achievement, enterprise size, need for autonomy, environmental hostility and social network. The findings of this study, apart from confirming the findings of some of the previous studies and nullifying the findings of some other studies, have also explored some interesting mediating effects of managerial foresight on the microenterprise performance.
On the Psychology of Perceived Procedural Justice : Experimental Evidence that Behavioral Inhibition Strengthens Reactions to Voice and No-Voice Procedures

This paper argues that when people try to sort out whether they are treated in just or unjust manners, they will tend to inhibit ongoing action to pause and check what is going on. In this way, behavioral inhibition can facilitate the procedural justice judgment process of interpreting whether you were treated in just or unjust ways. We further note that receiving opportunities to voice opinions is a key antecedent of perceived procedural justice. Following this line of reasoning, we argued that an experimental manipulation that strengthens behavioral inhibition should lead people to respond more strongly to receiving voice versus being withheld voice in decision-making procedures. In two studies, we found that reminding people of times they acted with public inhibitions (versus not reminding them) indeed led to more negative procedural judgments following no-voice procedures (Study 1) and to more positive procedural justice judgments following voice procedures (Study 2). These findings suggest that higher levels of behavioral inhibition may lead people to become more sensitive to what happens in their environments and, hence, affect the justice judgment process.
Towards a Pro-Poor Development Strategy for Middle-Income Countries: a Comment on Bresser-Pereira and Nakano

This paper draws upon Bresser-Pereira and Nakano (2003), in order to outline a pro-poor growth strategy for middle-income countries. This strategy avoids the pitfalls of the neoliberal model implemented in several countries in the aftermath of the 1982 international debt crisis, and is conducive to income distribution and sustainable growth simultaneously. In a recent issue of the Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Bresser-Pereira and Nakano (2003) published a remarkable paper that will surely become an important reference in the contemporary Latin American economic debate. In their essay, Bresser-Pereira and Nakano cogently criticise the neoliberal (“dependent”, p. 11) growth strategy of most Latin American countries in the closing years of the twentieth century, convincingly demonstrate that sustained growth must be based on domestic rather than foreign savings, and skillfully outline an alternative development strategy for middle-income countries. This paper builds upon the latter feature of Bresser-Pereira and Nakano’s contribution. It is clearly important to devise alternative development strategies for middle-income countries. Neoliberal programmes based upon the so-called (post-) Washington Consensus have failed throughout Latin America. Voters in several countries, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela and elsewhere have expressed their dissatisfaction, and in several countries the majority is clearly unwilling to bear further costs of “adjustment”. In nearly every country, these costs include increased external vulnerability, slower growth, rising unemployment and
HEDGE FUND MANAGERIAL INCENTIVES AND PERFORMANCE

─Abstract ─ The growth of the hedge fund industry over the decades has brought an interesting form of performance contract between the portfolio managers and their investors. The contractual relation has given an impact to the performance of the hedge fund industry, which benefited both fund managers and investors. Furthermore, it has created more investors and fund managers to participate in this high risk and high return investment. Currently, many issues on fee structures and performancebased incentives have been discussed. Do these issues affect the performance of the hedge fund in the market? This paper will investigate the issues in Australian market. It will empirically analyze the hedge fund performance in relation to the market performance and whether managerial incentives and discretions associated with better fund performance.
The potential of dynamic indicator in development of the bankruptcy prediction models: the case of construction companies

The current development of bankruptcy models usually goes in the direction of testing different classification algorithms, while the potential hidden in financial indicators is given less attention. Their analysis is often only restricted to the comparison between their respective statuses in bankrupt and healthy companies, while the dynamics of the indicators, i.e. the change in their values in time, is not paid much attention. The aim or our research is to analyse partial potential of financial ratios for predicting bankruptcy. Twenty‑eight indicators were examined in a sample of 1,355 construction companies operating in the Czech Republic, as well as their development over the past five periods. A non‑parametric chi‑square test was used to evaluate the significance of predictors. The variables were categorised for the application of the test. Our research confirmed the assumption as to the importance of using the indicators in dynamic (change) form. Indicators that are significant only in their change form were identified. Moreover, the use of the dynamic form of the indicators can increase the significance of the bankruptcy model. This was tested by using the stepwise version of linear discrimination analysis.