Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Performance Standards on Teaching Styles: Behavior of Controlling Teachers

Previous research has shown that when teachers are oriented toward controlling rather than supporting autonomy in their students, the students display lowered intrinsic motivation and self-esteem. The present study explored conditions that lead teachers to be more controlling versus more autonomy oriented with students. Impressing upon teachers that they are responsible for their students' performing up to standards leads them to be more controlling than teachers who were told that there were no performance standards for their students' learning. Teachers in the former condition talked more, were more critical of the students, gave more commands, and allowed less choice and autonomy. Considerable research has detailed the processes through which external events can affect a person's intrinsic motivation. In reviewing the evidence, Deci and Ryan (1980) concluded that the central parameter mediating the effects of external events on intrinsic motivation is self-determin ation. In other words, the experience of choice seems to be a necessary condition for the maintenance or enhancement of intrinsic motivation. Events that pressure people toward specified outcomes, thereby denying them the experience of choice, have repeatedly been shown to undermine intrinsic motivation. These events are referred to by Deci and Ryan as controlling. In contrast, events that provide people with meaningful feedback in the context of choice have been shown to enhance intrinsic motivation; these events are referred to as informational. There are two important components of informational events (and thus of events that enhance intrinsic motivation): They must provide choice and they must contain meaningful feedback. By meaningful, we
Tectonics and sedimentation around Kashinosaki Knoll: A subducting basement high in the eastern Nankai Trough

Abstract When seamounts and other topographic highs on an oceanic plate are subducted, they cause significant deformation of the overriding plate and may act as asperities deeper in the seismogenic zone. Kashinosaki Knoll (KK) is an isolated basement high of volcanic origin on the subducting Philippine Sea Plate that will soon be subducted at the eastern Nankai Trough. Seismic reflection imaging reveals a thick accumulation of sediments (∼1200 m) over and around the knoll. The lower portion of the sedimentary section has a package of high‐amplitude, continuous reflections, interpreted as turbidites, that lap onto steep basement slopes but are parallel to the gentler basement slopes. Total sediment thickness on the western and northern slopes is approximately 40–50% more than on the summit and southeastern slopes of KK. These characteristics imply that the basal sedimentary section northwest of KK was deposited by infrequent high‐energy turbidity currents, whereas the area southeast of KK was dominated by hemipelagic sedimentation over asymmetric basement relief. From the sediment structure and magnetic anomalies, we estimate that the knoll likely formed near the spreading center of the Shikoku Basin in the early Miocene. Its origin differs from that of nearby Zenisu Ridge, which is a piece of the Shikoku Basin crust uplifted along a thrust fault related to the collision of the Izu–Bonin arc and Honshu. KK has been carried into the margin of the Nankai Trough, and its high topography is deflecting Quaternary trench turbidites to the south. When KK collides with the accretionary prism in about 1 My, the associated variations in sediment type and thickness around the knoll will likely result in complex local variations in prism deformation.
Effects of UV‐B irradiation on poly (vinyl alcohol) and Ixora siamensis anthocyanins‐coated glass

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential of natural colourants from fruits of Ixora siamensis for coating applications, to study its glossiness and effectiveness against UV‐B irradiation.Design/methodology/approach – In this study, natural colourants from the fruits of Ixora siamensis were extracted using trifluoroacetic acid‐methanol solution. Anthocyanins and organic acid variants were mixed together to form co‐pigments. Different concentrations of ferulic and gallic acid co‐pigments were added to a blended solution of poly (vinyl alcohol), PVA and anthocyanin (from Ixora siamensis) to form a coating system. The coatings were exposed to UV‐B irradiation at room temperature in air using a UV‐lamp which emitted radiation at 312 nm. The effects of UV‐B irradiation on the coating system were evaluated using glossiness test and UV‐visible spectroscopy.Findings – Anthocyanins are unstable and can quickly lose their colour. One of the methods of preserving the stability of these pigment.
Dynamic Conditional Correlation Analysis of Stock Market Contagion: Evidence from the 2007-2010 Financial Crises

This research examines the time-varying conditional correlations to the daily stock index returns. We use a dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) multivariate GARCH model in order to capture potential contagion effects between US and major developed and emerging stock markets during the 2007-2010 major financial crisis. Empirical results show substantial evidence of significant increase in conditional correlation or contagion as well as herding behavior during crisis periods. This result contrasts with the “no contagion” finding reached by Forbes and Rigobon (2002).
A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE SENSITIVITY OF A BANK’S BALANCE SHEET TO CHANGE WHEN OPTIMIZING FOR CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER BASEL

The management of a modern bank is a complex task that is becoming increasingly more so due to the inherent complexities of its business and of an ever changing modern financial environment. Recent turmoil in the global financial environment necessitated new regulation, some of which may have a material impact on the structure and management of a bank. The establishment of higher minimum capital buffers for banks to counter the possibility of failing will have a material influence on profitability. Apart from making investment in banks shares less attractive, the regulation may turn out to be bad for global economic growth. In view of the above, the objective of this research was to single out and demonstrate the effect of the minimum capital requirements on the profitability, composition and size of a bank balance sheet. The Simplex algorithm was used to set up a goal programming problem formulation in Excel. Different capital minima was entered in the model and then optimised to observe the effect on the bank balance sheet size, composition and profitability. The research clearly demonstrated that at a capital reserve requirements of 5%, the resulting balance sheet is 190% of the original balance sheet size and at the 25% capital reserve requirement the new balance sheet is merely 57% of the original size. Increasing the reserve requirement from say 5% to 9,5% gives rise to approximately 40% change in balance sheet size, all other things being constant. As the capital reserve requirement is increased from 5% of RWA to 14%, the profit falls from over R60 billion to just over R10 billion. It is clear from the research that banks are very sensitive to the new regulation. It also underlines how difficult it may be for banks to maintain profitability. The changes needed to maintain the profitability, may not be possible/feasible in the South African financial environment. The time is possibly right now for banks to start improving efficiency and developing new innovative low risk high return services and product lines.
Competing Risks for Hedge Fund Survival

Current studies of hedge fund lifetimes that apply survival analysis have treated all funds that exit the database as dead (liquidated), when in fact, many of these funds are not liquidated. Studies that treat all fund exits as liquidation, therefore, have likely produced faulty estimates of hedge fund lifetimes, attrition, and survivorship bias. This study aims to reconcile these important issues by applying a competing risks model to account for the different types of exits hedge funds can experience. By treating exit types separately, we avoid blurring the effect of predictor variables on survival because the variables are not attempting to predict a heterogeneous aggregation of exit types. Predictor variables whose value changes over time, such as returns or volatility, are modeled as time dependent variables rather than as fixed variables. This provides better warning signals to investors about possible fund liquidation, since the impact of the predictor variables is measured at every instant of hedge fund lifetimes, rather than during the last months of their life as is done in existing studies. Hedge funds that exit the database for reasons other than liquidation often have very good returns, so the direction of survivorship bias is not always evident. We avoid underestimating survivorship bias because funds that are not liquidated are not counted as dead. We find that separating exit types leads to estimates of annual attrition that are not as high as previously thought. The results of this study will allow investors to better estimate the expected lifetime of a hedge fund before allocating any money to it, and provide better warning signals to investors already committed to a hedge fund about possible fund liquidation, thereby helping all investors avoid the large capital losses that are often associated with liquidation.
Aplikasi Isotop Alam untuk Pendugaan Daerah Resapan Air Bagi Mataair Di Kecamatan Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat

Mataair sebagai sumber airtanah di Kecamatan Cijeruk dimanfaatkan oleh warga sekitar maupun perusahaan air. Pemanfaatan air yang berlebihan menyebabkan terjadinya kekeringan air selama musim kemarau. Perlu adanya konservasi pada daerah resapan air bagi mataair di Kecamatan Cijeruk untuk menjaga ketersediaan air di mataair agar mencukupi permintaan air. Penentuan titik lokasi daerah resapan dan analisis kimia airtanah perlu dilakukan untuk memberi informasi yang diperlukan dalam pelaksanaan konservasi pada daerah resapan mataair. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menentukan asal usul dan genesis airtanah, (2) menentukan daerah resapan air bagi mataair, (3) mengetahui fasies airtanah, dan (4) mengetahui kualitas airtanah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Kecamatan Cijeruk, dengan mengambil sampel airtanah yang berasal dari 10 lokasi sumber mataair yang digunakan oleh perusahaan air dan warga pada bulan Mei 2015. Rasio isotop D dan pada sampel air diukur dengan liquid water stable isotope analyzer LGR DLT-100 untuk menentukan genesis airtanah dan daerah resapan mataair. Analisis hidrokimia untuk mengetahui fasies dan kualitas airtanah. Parameter kimia yang digunakan adalah pH, Daya Hantar Listrik (DHL), Total dissolved Solid (TDS), dan ion mayor. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (a) mataair berasal dari beberapa sumber yaitu air hujan dan airtanah, (b) daerah resapan CJR01, CJR02, CJR03, dan CJR04 berada pada elevasi 1988 – 2055 m.dpl, (c) daerah resapan CJR06 dan CJR09 pada elevasi 1379 – 1430 m.dpl, (d) daerah resapan mataair CJR07 dan CJR08 pada elevasi 811 – 836 m.dpl, (e) daerah resapan CJR05, dan CJR10 masing – masing berada pada elevasi 1475 mdpl, dan 1932 m.dpl, (f) fasies airtanah tergolong dalam fasies Mg-HCO 3 (magnesium bikarbonat), dan (g) kualitas airtanah merupakan air tawar segar ( fresh water ). Kata kunci: deuterium, oksigen-18, resapan air, fasies, kualitas, airtanah.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING BY A CONDUCTING CYLINDER COATED WITH METAMATERIALS - ABSTRACT

The electromagnetic scattering from a conducting cylinder coated with metamaterials, which have both negative permittivity and permeability, is derived rigorously by using the classic separation of variables technique. It is found that a conducting cylinder coated with metamaterials has anomalous scattering cross section compared to that coated with conventional dielectric materials. Numerical results are presented and discussed for the scattering cross section of a conducting cylinder coated with metamaterials.
Nutritional Value , Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic

Grapes were among the first fruit species to be domesticated and today is the most economically important fruit crop in the world (Keller, 2010). Grapevines are planted on approximately 7.3 million hectares worldwide producing approximately 67 million metric tons of fruit in 2007. Iran is one of the major grapevine growers in the world with 215000 ha producing 2.15 million tons of fruit (FAO, 2009) and Malayer is the leading grapevine growing areas (Hamedan province) of Iran, with about 11200 ha grapevines (Karimi and Ershadi, 2014). ‘Sultana’ (synonym White Kishmish) is one of main grapevine cultivars planted in Malayer, which produces seedless fruit and raisins that are mainly exported as raisins or locally sold fresh for human consumption (Karimi and Ershadi, 2014). The over1,2*
Photocatalytic oxidation of nitrite ion over carbon nitride

Nitrite ion (NO 2 - ) is a toxic inorganic contaminant, which is widely used in industry and agriculture as a food preservative and a fertilizing agent. One of the methods to reduce the toxicity of the NO 2 - is by oxidizing it into less hazardous compounds, such as nitrate ion (NO 3 - ). In this study, we demonstrated that a simple and green photocatalytic process can be employed to oxidize the NO 2 - to NO 3 - over a metal free-carbon nitride photocatalyst under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The carbon nitride was synthesized via pyrolysis of urea precursor by a thermal polymerization process at 823 K for 4 hours. The prepared carbon nitride was then characterized by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), diffuse reflectance UV-visible (DR UV-vis), fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometers, as well as nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analyzer. All the characterization results supported the successful synthesis of the carbon nitride. The carbon nitride was then used as the photocatalyst for oxidation of NO 2 - to NO 3 - under UV light irradiation for 3 h. The decrease of the NO 2 - and the formation of the NO 3 - were analyzed by using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with Hypersil Gold TM PFP column. The mobile phase used was a mixture of methanol (MeOH) and water (H 2 O) with the ratio of MeOH:H 2 O was 30:70. The addition of orthophosphoric acid was required to set the pH at 2.5. The flow rate was fixed at 0.8 ml min -1 and the monitored wavelength was 220 nm. It was revealed that carbon nitride could oxidize NO 2 - to NO 3 - with a moderate conversion of 15%. Fluorescence quenching showed that there were good interactions between the emission sites of carbon nitride and the NO 2 - molecules. The good interactions would be one driving force for the carbon nitride to act as a good photocatalyst to oxidize the NO 2 - to NO 3 - . The oxidation pathway by the photogenerated species was also proposed.
Bank Competition, Job Security, and Economic Growth

We identify a new channel through which banks affect economic activity, namely, bank’s monopolistic power over job security. We develop a simple theory, extending the hold-up problem associated with firm-specific investment to banks’ influence over worker layoffs at distressed firms, to show how banks’ power, depending on the industry, can enhance or reduce the productivity of firms. We test and confirm our predictions using quasi-natural experiments that increased employment protection and bank competition in the U.S. between the 1970s and 1990s. We find that greater employment protection increases industry output in knowledge-intensive industries, with this effect increasing with greater bank competition.
The Development of Third-person Effect Questionnaire and Media Exposure List in Local and Foreign Electronic Entertainment Media Context

Present study attempts to develop the third-person effect questionnaire and media exposure list in the context of local and foreign electronic entertainment media. For this purpose the study was divided into three steps. In the first step, on the basis of existing literature of third-person effect and media exposure, six focus groups were conducted. As a result various themes were generated including beautification of religion, adults’ belief that media effect others more than themselves, and adolescents acceptance and idealization of foreign media. In step two, list of items were generated and sent for the experts review. After approval of reviewers, third-person effect questionnaire of 36 items and media exposure list of 16 items was finalized. Further, in third step psychometric properties were established by applying questionnaires on 328 adolescents and young adults. Content and construct validity was established. Gender, age, education, and media exposure differences were also found in third-person effect.
The Valuation Accuracy of Equity Value Estimates Inferred from Conventional Empirical Implementations of the Abnormal Earnings Growth Model: US Evidence

We compare the valuation accuracy of the equity value estimates inferred from empirical implementations of the abnormal earnings growth model (Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth 2005; the OJ estimates) with the residual income model (Ohlson 1995; the RIV estimates). We find that the OJ estimates generally underperform the RIV estimates. Increasing the forecast horizon for the OJ estimates from two to five years significantly improves their valuation accuracy. However, relative to the RIV estimates, the valuation accuracy of the OJ estimates remains lower even using a five-year forecast horizon. Finally, we compare predicted accounting profitability with actual accounting profitability and find that the lower valuation accuracy of the OJ estimates is attributable to the empirical assumptions regarding future earnings growth beyond the forecast horizon.
Applications of Homomorphism on the Structure of Semigroups

By utilizing homomorphisms and -strong semilattice of semigroups, we show that the Green (*,~)-relation H*,~ is a regular band congruence on a r-ample semigroup if and only if it is a G-strong semilattice of completely J*,~-simple semigroups. The result generalizes Petrich’s result on completely regular semigroups with Green’s relation H a normal band congruence or a regular band congruence from the round of regular semigroups to the round of r-ample semigroups.
The Role of Gender in Opportunity Identification

Opportunity identification is rapidly becoming a key focal point of research in the entrepreneurship domain. This study is the first to explore gender differences in opportunity identification. Utilizing two distinct samples (95 senior undergraduate students, 189 entrepreneurs in two high–technology industries), we found that women and men utilize their unique stocks of human capital to identify opportunities and that they use fundamentally different processes of opportunity identification. However, we did not find any difference in the innovativeness of the opportunities identified. This research contributes both to the opportunity identification literature and to theories of social feminism by showing empirically that although women and men utilize different processes to identify opportunities, neither process is inherently superior.
SURVEYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACCRUALS AND THE EARNINGS QUALITY IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE ACCEPTED COMPANIES

The purpose of this research is the study surveying the relationship between accrual earnings quality due to Dechow & Dichev model (2002) and Richardson and his coworker’s model (2004) in financial reporting of accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange. Seventy one companies have been studied throughout this research. In order to experience the hypothesis, Regression models in composing case (with fixed effect) and sectional in economical – measuring software E view 6 have been used. The finding of the research show that there is a negative relation but meaningless between optional accruals items (earning management) and earning quality scale due to Dechow & Dichev model and Richardson and his coworkers model. And there are 0.04 and 0.12 of earning quality changes in order due to two models mentioned above affected by accruals items vice versa. This matter shows that the earning management has caused to decrease4 the earnings quality scale to some extent during the research period, namely earnings management has been kind of opportunism. There is a negative and meaningless relation between optional accruals items and earnings quality Scale. Too due to Richardson his coworkers’ model totally and there is 0.11 of earnings quality changes vice versa under the effect of optional accruals items that this subject shows the ineffectiveness of approaches and standard methods in increasing earnings quality during the research. It is necessary to mention that the relation between optional accruals items and earning quality scale due to Dechow & Dichev model has been positive that it isn’t relation because of having the lower stability of this model.
FEWER SCHOOL DAYS , MORE INEQUALITY 1

This paper examines how the intensity of compulsory education affects the time use and academic achievement of children with different socioeconomic backgrounds. The impact is identified off the school-day reduction of Japan in 2002 that resulted when all Saturdays were set as public-school holidays. An analysis of time diaries and test scores before and after the school-day reduction reveals that the socioeconomic gradient of 9 graders’ study time becomes 80% steeper and the socioeconomic gradient of academic achievements of 8 and 10 graders becomes 20-30% steeper. Intensive compulsory education contributes to equalizing the academic performances of children with different socioeconomic backgrounds. JEL Classification Code: I24, I28
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON KOMPAS DAILY NEWSPAPER REPORT ON PROFITEERING THROUGH THE NAMES OF PRESIDENT JOKOWI AND VICE PRESIDENT JUSUF KALLA

The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the structure of Kompas daily news texts about the profiteering of the names of Indonesian President Joko Widodo and Vice President Jusuf Kalla, (2) to explain the mental consciousness of journalists forming daily Kompas texts about profiteering the names of Indonesian President Joko Widodo and Vice President Jusuf Kalla, and (3) to explain the social context influencing the formation of Kompas daily texts about the profiteering of President Joko Widodo and Vice President Jusuf Kalla. The method used in this research was qualitative research method. The data used in this research was news texts from Kompas daily newspaper, which reported about the case of profiteering of the name of Indonesian President and Vice President. Data collection method employed was literature study. The data in was analyzed with the orientation of analytic descriptive method. The results of data analysis showed that at the level of macro structure, superstructure, and micro structure, the global meaning of discourse developed in the news is about the settlement of cases of profiteering of the President and Vice President. The act of profiteering on the name of Indonesian President and Vice President was judged only to delegitimize the authority of the President and Vice President and state institutions. Meanwhile, the journalist's mental awareness that formed the Kompas daily news texts includes role schemes and event schemes. While the social context that influenced the formation of the discourse of naming consists of power and access. The ideology reflected in Kompas daily news texts is Pancasila.