Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CO 2 modulation of the rates of photosynthesis and light-dependent O 2 consumption in Trichodesmium

As atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase, so too does the dissolved CO2 and HCO3 concentrations in the world’s oceans. There are still many uncertainties regarding the biological response of key groups of organisms to these changing conditions, which is crucial for predicting future species distributions, primary productivity rates, and biogeochemical cycling. In this study, we established the relationship between gross photosynthetic O2 evolution and light-dependent O2 consumption in Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 acclimated to three targeted pCO2 concentrations (180 μmol mol=low-CO2, 380 μmol mol=mid-CO2, and 720 μmol mol=high-CO2). We found that biomass(carbon) specific, light-saturated maximum net O2 evolution rates (PnC,max) and acclimated growth rates increased from lowto mid-CO2, but did not differ significantly between midand high-CO2. Dark respiration rates were five times higher than required to maintain cellular metabolism, suggesting that respiration provides a substantial proportion of the ATP and reductant for N2 fixation. Oxygen uptake increased linearly with gross O2 evolution across light intensities ranging from darkness to 1100 μmol photons m s. The slope of this relationship decreased with increasing CO2, which we attribute to the increased energetic cost of operating the carbon-concentrating mechanism at lower CO2 concentrations. Our results indicate that net photosynthesis and growth of T. erythraeum IMS101 would have been severely CO2 limited at the last glacial maximum, but that the direct effect of future increases of CO2 may only cause marginal increases in growth.
Larval cannibalism in aphidophagous ladybirds : In X uencing factors , bene W ts and costs

The inXuence of food availability, food quality, size disparity and density on larval cannibalism in two aphidophagous ladybirds, Propylea dissecta and Coccinella transversalis, was studied in the laboratory. Both species were cannibalistic; however, the rate of cannibalism was greater in the former species. Cannibalism increased with reduced food availability rather than reduced food quality. Size disparity increased larval cannibalism in both species. Cannibalism rate also increased with an increase in larval density. The high rate of cannibalism by Wrst instars was recorded at high larval density. Larvae fed conspeciWc eggs throughout the development were heavier than those fed conspeciWc larvae, but weighed less than larvae fed aphids, Aphis gossypii. Larval cannibalism was not advantageous in terms of development and body weight. However, egg cannibalism by Wrst instars was advantageous resulting in fast development and heavier second instars. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Investors ’ Attention and Social Media : Evidence from Small and Medium Entities

We investigate the relevance and use of corporate social media, i.e., Twitter, in small and medium entities (SMEs) during the period around earnings announcements (EA). Given that investors’ attention is limited, social media may increase the saliency of a firm during EA. Social media is particularly relevant to SMEs as they operate in an uncertain environment and are subject to limited media coverage. We show that firms sending more tweets containing financial information before EA exhibit higher investors’ attention at EA. We then document that SMEs communicate strategically on social media, i.e. firms tend to send fewer tweets before disclosing bad news at EA. Cross-sectional analyses indicate that Twitter activity has an economically significant effect on investors’ attention and may be used strategically by SMEs with low media coverage and with less analyst following. This paper contributes to the discussion on the use of new channels of communication by showing their relevance to SMEs. It has also implications with regards to the need for additional information on firms of smaller size.
May 07, 2020 Does the level of asepsis impact the success of surgically implanting tags

It is generally recommended that a high level of asepsis be maintained during surgical implantation ofelectronic tags into fish. However, documentation of a positive effect of asepsis in fish surgery is lacking. Tocompare the effects of surgical implantation performed under different sanitary conditions, 100 hatcherysalmon smolts (Salmo salar) were surgically implanted with tags with and without trailing antenna andwere kept in a hatchery facility. After 34 days, the surviving smolts were euthanized and survival, growthand healing were compared between fish tagged under aseptic conditions and fish tagged without regardto aseptic technique. The results demonstrated that there was no detectable difference in survival, growthand healing between the treatments. Thus, this study could not provide evidence supporting the generalrecommendation of achieving a high level of asepsis during fish surgery. Abstract 38 It is generally recommended that a high level of asepsis be maintained during surgical implantation 39 of electronic tags into fish. However, documentation of a positive effect of asepsis in fish surgery is 40 lacking. To compare the effects of surgical implantation performed under different sanitary 41 conditions, 100 hatchery salmon smolts ( Salmo salar ) were surgically implanted with tags with and 42 without trailing antenna and were kept in a hatchery facility. After 34 days, the surviving smolts 43 were euthanized and survival, growth and healing were compared between fish tagged under aseptic 44 conditions and fish tagged without regard to aseptic technique. The results demonstrated that there 45 was no detectable difference in survival, growth and healing between the treatments. Thus, this 46 study could not provide evidence supporting the general recommendation of achieving a high level 47 of asepsis during fish surgery. 48 49 50 51 52 53
Cortisol plays central role in biochemical changes during pregnancy

Pregnancy is a period marked by profound changes in a woman’s hormonal status and metabolism. [1] It is also a condition of chronic volume overload in which hypervolemia is the result of active sodium and water retention primarily induced by the activation of the rennin-angiotensin system. [2] The ability to regulate nutrient balance during this period is critical to the health of the mother and the growing foetus. [3]
POSSIBILITY OF INCREASING MICRONUTRIENT CONTENTS IN POTATO TUBERS WITH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF TITANIUM

This paper analyses the effect of titanium foliar application on the Fe, Zn, Mn and Ti content in early crop potato tubers. The titanium source was the plant growth stimulant Tytanit® (8.5 g Ti per litre). Tytanit® was applied once at the leaf development stage (BBCH 14-16) or at the tuber formation stage (BBCH 41-43) and twice at the leaf development and tuber formation stages, at the dose of 0.2 L ha or 0.4 L ha in each treatment. Potatoes were harvested 75 days after planting (the end of June). Following Tytanit® application, the content of Fe was higher by 6.150 mg kg and Mn by 0.409 mg kg of dry matter. Titanium foliar application did not affect the content of Zn, whereas the content of Ti was higher by 0.364 mg kg of dry matter. The dose and date of Tytanit® application slightly affected the content of Fe. The content of Mn was greatest with a single Tytanit® application at the tuber formation stage at the dose of 0.2 L ha, whereas the Ti content was greatest with a double Tytanit® application, at the leaf development and tuber formation stages, at the dose of 0.2 L ha.
Attrition in the Swiss Household Panel : Is Change Associated with Drop-out ?

This study examines the importance of change in characteristics and circumstances of households and household members for contact and cooperation patterns. The literature suggests that there might be an underrepresentation of change in panel studies, because respondents facing more changes would be more likely to drop out. We approach this problem by analysing whether previous changes are predictive of later attrition or temporary drop-out, using eleven waves of the Swiss Household Panel (1999–2009). Our analyses support previous findings to some extent. Changes in household composition, employment status and social involvement as well as moving are associated mainly with attrition and less with temporary drop-out. These changes affect obtaining cooperation rather than obtaining contact, and tend to increase attrition.
PRE-HARVEST IMPLICATIONS AND UTILITY OF PLANT BIOREGULATORS ON GRAPE : A REVIEW

Application of plant bioregulators have been focused by many researchers in areas of plant physiology. Several fruit development activities like chemical thinning, increasing fruit set and size, enhancing colouration and enhancing or delaying ripening of fruits have been reported to be affected by the use of various growth regulators. Among several growth regulators, gibberellic acid found to have a potentiality on enhancing the division and expansion of pericarp cells of grape berries in both seeded and seedless grape cultivars. CPPU (Forchlorfenuron) acts synergistically with natural auxins and its primary effects cause the regulation of fruit set, berry growth and development. Brassinosteroids(BR)showntobeinvolved innumerous plantprocesseslikepromotionofcell division, cell wall regeneration, cell expansion and cell elongation, in synergism with auxin and promotion of vascular differentiation in grape.
Assessment of the Level of Awareness and Limitations on the Use of Building Information Modeling in Lagos State

Building Information Modeling represents the development and use of computer-generated n-dimensional (n-D) models to simulate the planning, design, construction and operation of a facility. It represents a new paradigm within the construction industry, one that encourages integration of the roles of all stakeholders on a project allowing the architects, engineers and constructors to visualize what is to be built in a simulated environment and to identify potential design, construction or operational issues. This study assessed the level of awareness on the use of BIM by professionals in the Nigerian Building Construction Industry at the design, construction, and post construction phases of a project with a view of increasing the awareness level, and promoting its adoption in Nigeria. It also identified the factors that has militated against its adoption in Nigeria and further highlighted the factors that will encourage its adoption in the country. A total of fifty Questionnaires were distributed to professionals practicing in the Lagos State. However, forty seven were returned and these were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the relative importance index methods. It was revealed that there is a generally low level of awareness about the use of BIM among professionals in the Nigerian construction Industry. This, it was, however revealed can be resolved by increasing awareness on its use and benefits, and through increased government support for its use, professional bodies’ involvement, training and retraining by both private and public organizations for project delivery in the country. This study concluded by recommending that appropriate means be adopted to increase the awareness level about BIM in Nigeria as this will encourage its adoption in project delivery.
Sustainable Utilization of Plastic Waste in Concrete Mixes-a Review

Plastic waste creates serious environmental problems, mainly owing to the inconsistency of the wastes streams. Due to rapid population growth and its consistent necessity the use of plastic is increasing regularly. This creates a large, the quantity of garbage every day which is unhealthy and pollutes the environment. In present scenario solid waste management is a challenge in our country. This paper represents a collection of ideas of various studies done on the use of Plastic Waste Materials in concrete mixes. Conclusions are drawn based upon the respective results of all the mentioned research papers.
Effect of F low-pattern R econstruction on C ombustion E fficiency and P ollutant E mission in CFB B oiler

The effect of flow-pattern reconstruction on combustion efficiency and pollutant emission in CFB boilers was investigated with a 1-D CFB combustion model. The results from the 1-D model agree well with the field test data. It was found that, the mass fraction of fine coal particles should be increased at lower bed pressure drop to achieve flow-pattern optimization. As the bed pressure drop decreases, the carbon content decreases first and then increases, both in fly and bottom ash. The change of bed pressure drop is the main factor in the influence of flow-pattern optimization on SO2 emission. The higher the bed pressure drop is, the lower the SO2 emission concentration is. Bed pressure drop and coal size distribution are the chief factors of NOx emission concentration in flow-pattern optimization. With the decrease in bed pressure drop and increase in mass fraction of fine particles, NOx emission concentration decreases first and then increases. SO2 emission concentration can be decreased below 100 mg/m 3 by increasing Ca/S, while the original emission concentration of NOx increases. Therefore, other assistant adjustments are also needed to achieve flow pattern optimization, such as the secondary air proportion and CaO particle size distribution.
of Pragmatics of SAT 2015 and 2018 Checking Unsatisfiability Proofs in Parallel

Contemporary SAT solvers emit unsatisfiability proofs in the DRAT format to increase confidence in their answers. The state-of-the-art proof verifier drat-trim uses backwardchecking and deletion information to efficiently check unsatisfiability results. Checking large proofs still takes as long as solving a formula, and therefore parallelization seems to be a promising approach. However, Heule et al. stated that parallelization of the backwardchecking procedure is difficult since clausal proofs do not include dependency information. In this paper, we present a parallelization approach and a prototypical implementation that scales reasonably compared to its sequential version.
Benefits of condensed tannins in forages fed to ruminants

Condensed tannins (CTs) account for up to 20% of the dry matter in forage legumes used as ruminant feeds. Beneficial animal responses to CTs have included improved growth, milk and wool production, fertility, and reduced methane emissions and ammonia volatilization from dung or urine. Most important is the ability of such forages to combat the effects of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Inconsistent animal responses to CTs were initially attributed to concentration in the diet, but recent research has highlighted the importance of their molecular structures, as well as concentration, and also the composition of the diet containing the CTs. The importance of CT structural traits cannot be underestimated. Interdisciplinary research is the key to
The substratostat an automated near-infrared spectroscopy-based variable-feed system for fed-batch fermentations of grape musts

Aim: High sugar concentrations in musts cause a hyperosmotic stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increasing the risk of sluggish and stuck alcoholic fermentations and/or causing high acetic acid levels. Applying a fed-batch technique where sugar levels are kept at a constant, low rate throughout fermentations reduces this stress but requires in-situ quantification of sugars and process automation for practicability. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy method allowing for the continuous in-situ quantification of total fermentable sugars in fully turbid alcoholic fermentations of grape musts. Calibration models for glucose, fructose and the fermentation product ethanol were also established. Methods and results: A research Fourier-transform NIR spectrophotometer equipped with a transflectance probe was used to acquire spectra from 240 natural and semisynthetic standards from fermentations conducted using varying concentrations of yeast and yeast nutrients. Using chemometric software, calibration models for total sugars, glucose, fructose and ethanol demonstrated R 2 values > 0.93 and prediction error (RMSEP) values of 11.6 g l -1 , 12.3 g l -1 , 10.2 g l -1 , and 0.328 % v/v, respectively. The method was integrated with modern process automation technology and was able to maintain sugar concentrations within 5 g l -1 of the 45 g l -1 setpoint adjusted during alcoholic fermentations. Conclusions: The NIR calibration models generated allow prediction of total sugar levels accurately enough to conduct fully automated fed-batch grape must fermentations at constant substrate concentrations. Application of a transflectance probe measuring a high proportion of back-scattered radiation proved useful and necessary considering the high degree of turbidity during fermentations. Placement of the measurement probe in a recirculation loop decreased interference from biomass sedimentation and adherence of CO 2 bubbles. Significance and impact of the study: This study presents a fully automated system to carry out fed-batch fermentations which allow circumventing the hyperosmotic stress response of S. cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentations. Calibrated for other substrates, the system may be used in other food and non-food fermentations, too. Abstract
A Comparative Study for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution by Novel Activated Carbon Based

1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 65175-4171, Hamadan, Iran. 2. Department of Environmental Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 41635-1873, Khalkhal, Iran. 3. Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box:5618953141, Ardabil, Iran. 4. Department of Dental, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box:5618953141, Ardabil, Iran. 5. Department of Environmental Health School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box:5618953141, Ardabil, Iran. 6. Department of Public Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 41635-1873, Khalkhal, Iran.
Effectiveness of the Red Dragon Fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) Peel Extract as the Colorant , Antioxidant , and Antimicrobial on Beef Sausage

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extracts addition on beef sausages. Red dragon fruit peel extracts were obtained by maceration using solvent at pH 5. Phytochemical characteristics, total phenols, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the peel extracts were observed. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were associated with high phytochemical compounds and total phenols contained in the extracts. Red dragon fruit peel extracts with various percentages (0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were added on beef sausages, and their physicochemical characteristics, nutrients, antioxidant activity, and microbiological profile were analyzed. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that the addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts significantly reduced texture values, but increased intensity of luminosity, intensity of red color, and intensity of yellow color (P<0.05) beef sausages. It could be concluded that red dragon fruit peel extract containing phytochemical compounds was effective as an antibacterial agent and natural antioxidant. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts was effective in increasing the antioxidant activity and decreasing TBARS values. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extract did not affect the reddish colorization of beef sausages, but it was capable of increasing the yellowish colorization on beef sausage.
Do Gender and Race Play a Role in the Compensation of University Presidents ? Evidence from Institution-level Panel Data *

This study updates and extends prior economics research on the compensation of college and university presidents by examining a 13-year panel containing data on the total compensation packages of private college and university presidents in the U.S. Our econometric approach is the first to include president-level information on both gender and race in order to draw inferences about both the male-female and white-black pay gaps (favoring males and whites, respectively) in higher education administration. Results from both OLS and fixed-effects estimations suggest that white female presidents are paid significantly less than their white male counterparts, although this difference, which ranges from six to 9.8 per cent, is sensitive to the racial makeup of the student body of the institution to which a president is affiliated. Secondarily, we also find that non-white male presidents earn more than their white male counterparts. This gap is also sensitive, although to a lesser degree, to the racial makeup of the student body of the institution to which a president is affiliated.
Conceptual design of disruptive aircraft configurations based on High-Fidelity OAD process

This paper describes the work performed by Onera on disruptive aircraft architectures in the frame of the Clean Sky2 – ITD Airframe European project. This paper details first the Overall Aircraft Design process set-up to evaluate the performance of four innovative concepts (lifting fuselage, 3-surfaces, joined-wing and Blended Wing Body configurations) on two specific missions (A320-like and business-like). To improve the accuracy of the process and integrate more refined physical models, high-fidelity tools were introduced in the process for aerodynamics (CFD Euler computations) and structure (Finite Element Model). As far as propulsion aspects are concerned, a specific module was developed in order take into account the thermodynamic effects in the process and resize the engine at each step of the process. Regarding handling qualities a generic module was developed in order to take into account certification criteria early in the design process. For the acoustic and aero-elastic aspects, supplementary analysis methods are proposed in order to quantify the noise reduction benefits from the source modifications and shielding effects by these geometries and potential aero-elastic issues