Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absence of a Discernible Secular Trend in CVM Stages in American Blacks or Whites

Purpose: The dual purposes were (1) to estimate chronological ages at attainment of cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVM) and (2) to test for a secular trend between an older cohort treated between 19801984 and a recent group treated between 2010-2014 from the same clinic. Methods: CVM stages were scored from lateral pretreatment cephalograms of orthodontic patients (n=343) between 10 and 15 years of age. Both males and females, American blacks and whites (race determined by selfidentification) were examined singly. CVM were scored per the 6-stage method of Baccetti et al. (2005). Median age of each stage was estimated with survival analysis, by cohort, race, and sex, and logistic regression analysis compared groups. Results: No significant difference was found between the two cohorts. There also was no significant race difference between the CVM tempos of American blacks and whites. However, the subject's sex was statistically important. All sex differences had girls achieving a CVM stage earlier than boys. American whites exhibited greater sexual dimorphism (~13%) than blacks (~4%). Conclusions: There was no discernible difference in the CVM ages of attainment between the two cohorts that were 30+ years apart. The tempo of cervical vertebral maturation has not been altered in this population, and can be applied equally to both American blacks and whites. Girls achieve CVM stages earlier than boys, and ought to be treated earlier to harness their parapubertal growth. Absence of a Discernible Secular Trend in CVM Stages in American Blacks or Whites Amy Andrews, D.M.D. Holland Maness, D.M.D. William G. Parris, D.D. S, M.S. Edward F. Harris, Ph.D.
Targeting of Breast Cancer through MT1-MMP/Tetraspanin Complexes

Abstract : The proteolytic enzyme MT1-MMP, which is frequently upregulated on the surface of breast cancer cells compared to normal breast cells, makes a major contribution towards breast cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. Another protease, called ADAM10, also contributes to breast cancer. The purpose of our studies was to investigate how tetraspanin proteins regulate the maturation and functions of proteases MT1-MMP and ADAM10. We hypothesized that manipulation/alteration of tetraspanin proteins (e.g. CD9, CD81, TSPAN12) could diminish the functions of associated cell surface proteases (e.g. MT1-MMP, ADAM10), thereby limiting breast cancer cell functions. Results obtained strongly support this hypothesis, as we found that alteration of tetraspanin complexes had a major effect on the functions of cell surface proteases. More specifically, we demonstrated three different strategies for disrupting tetraspanin functions: i) RNAi ablation, ii) Dominant negative mutation, and iii) C-terminal tail disruption. Also, we determined that EWI-2 action as a tumor suppressor may involve displacement of MT1-MMP from tetraspanin complexes. This could possibly be exploited using synthetic mimics of EWI-2 as anti-tumor agents. In conclusion, our results suggest that perturbation of tetraspanin proteins may provide an unconventional approach towards limiting the growth, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
Somers, J.R. and Huxley, J.N. and Lorenz, I. and Doherty, Michael L. and O'Grady, L. (2015) The effect of lameness before and during the breeding season on fertility in 10 pasture-based Irish dairy herd. Irish

Background: The effects of lameness on fertility have been documented frequently but few data are available from seasonally breeding, pasture-based herds (such as those used in Ireland) where cows are housed during the winter months but managed at pasture for the remainder of the year. This study determined the prevalence of lameness in a group of 786 cows in 10 pasture-based Irish dairy herds before, during and after the breeding season and assessed the relationship between lameness and the reproductive performance in these herds through serial locomotion scoring during the grazing period. Results: Lameness prevalences of 11.6 % before, 14.6 % during and 11.6 % after the breeding season were found and these compared favourably to results from housed cattle and are similar to other studies carried out in grazing herds. A Cox proportional hazards model with locomotion score as time varying covariate was used. After controlling for the effect of farm, month of calving, body condition score at calving, body condition score loss after calving and economic breeding index, cows identified as lame during the study were less likely to become pregnant. Cows lame before the earliest serve date but no longer lame during the breeding season, cows becoming lame after the earliest serve date and cows identified lame both before and after this date were respectively 12 %, 35 % and 38 % less likely to become pregnant compared to cows never observed lame during the study. However, these findings were only significant for cows becoming lame after the earliest serve date and cows lame both before and after the start of breeding. Conclusions: This study found that the reproductive efficiency was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in cows becoming lame during the breeding season and cows lame before and during the breeding season compared to non-lame cows. Cows no longer lame during the breeding season had a lower Submission Rate to first serve within 3 weeks of earliest serve date. However, the Pregnancy Rate was not significantly (p > 0.05) lower in these animals compared to cows never diagnosed as lame. In addition to lameness status, nutritional status and genetics were found to influence the reproductive performance in pasture-based Irish dairy herds.
Dilations and constrained algebras

It is well known that unital contractive representations of the disk algebra are completely contractive. Let A denote the subalgebra of the disk algebra consisting of those functions f whose first derivative vanishes at 0. We prove that there are unital contractive representations of A which are not completely contractive, and furthermore provide a Kaiser and Varopoulos inspired example for A and present a characterization of those contractive representations of A which are completely contractive. In the positive direction, for the algebra of rational functions with poles off the distinguished variety V in the bidisk determined by (z-w)(z+w)=0, unital contractive representations are completely contractive.
Effect of lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system and storage temperature on keeping quality of raw camel milk.

The use of lactoperoxidase system (LP-system) in temporary preservation of raw milk has been found useful particularly in places where refrigeration is not feasible. The activity of this system, however, varies from species to species and there are no reports on its effect in camel milk. This study was conducted to investigate the preservative effect of the LP-system on raw camel milk. Camel milk samples were obtained from Kajiado, Isiolo and Nanyuki districts, Kenya and LP-system was activated by the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to a concentration of 8.5ppm Changes in total viable bacterial counts and titratable acidity in LP-activated and nonactivated (control) camel milk were then determined during storage at 10, 20 and 30oC. The combined effect of increasing levels of thiocyanate (NaSCN) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) on antibacterial activity of LP-system in raw camel milk was investigated at 30oC by monitoring changes in total viable bacterial counts and lactic acid development in raw camel milk at NaSCN:H2O2 concentrations ratios of 0, 10:10, 20:20, 30:30 and 40:40ppms. Natural concentration of thiocyanate occurring in the camel milk from the three districts ranged from 9.7 to 36.4 mg/l and respective districts were significantly different (p significantly (p of thiocyanate and H2O2. Practical application would be achieved by controlled activation using commercial LP-system kits for pooled camel milk at collection centers and combined with cooling facilities where possible for further extension of keeping quality. Key words: Lactoperoxidase system, preservation, camel milk
An assessment of discard mortality for two Alaskan crab species, Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) and snow crab (C. opilio),based on reflex impairment

Delayed mortality associated with discarded crabs and fishes has ordinarily been observed through tag and recovery studies or during prolonged holding in deck tanks, and there is need for a more efficient assessment method. Chionoecetes bairdi (Tanner crab) and C. opilio (snow crab) collected with bottom trawls in Bering Sea waters off Alaska were evaluated for reflexes and injuries and held onboard to track mortality. Presence or absence of six reflex actions was determined and combined to calculate a reflex impairment index for each species. Logistic regression revealed that reflex impairment provided an excellent predictor of delayed mortality in C. opilio (91% correct predictions). For C. bairdi, reflex impairment, along with injury score, resulted in 82.7% correct predictions of mortality, and reflex impairment alone resulted in 79.5% correct predictions. The relationships between reflex impairment score and mortality were independent of crab gender, size, and shell condition, and predicted mortality in crabs with no obvious external damage. These relationships provide substantial improvement over earlier predictors of mortality and will help to increase the scope and replication of fishing and handling experiments. The general approach of using reflex actions to predict mortality should be equally valuable for a wide range of crustacean species.
2. YOUTH WITH DISABILITIES LEAVING SECONDARY SCHOOL

Dropout statistics for 1986 indicated that only 55% of dropouts under age 20 were employed, only 31% of male dropouts and one in seven female dropouts were working full-time, and although dropouts were fewer than 20% of the adult population, they constituted 66% of the national prison population (William T. Grant Foundation Commission on Work, Family and Citizenship, 1988). Since that time, the economic costs of dropping out have risen markedly as the workplace increasingly demands better-skilled and more technologically savvy workers. High school dropouts now are 72% more likely to be unemployed and earn 27% less than high school graduates (U.S. Department of Labor, 2005). During the 1990s, as the economic consequences of dropping out were better understood, attention to ameliorating the high dropout rate among students with disabilities increased (e.g., Thurlow, Christenson, Sinclair, Evelo, & Thornton, 1995; Sinclair, Christenson, Evelo, & Hurley, 1998). In the early years of this century a federal commitment was made that “secondary school students with disabilities receive the support they need to complete high school prepared for postsecondary education or employment” (Office of Special Education Programs, 2001, p. 14). As a result, the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) funded the What Works Transition Synthesis Research Project and the National Dropout Prevention Center for Students with Disabilities in 2001 and 2003, respectively, to learn more about prevention and intervention strategies for students with disabilities who have dropped out of high school or are at risk for doing so. Data reported by the states to OSEP annually suggest that efforts since the mid 1990s are paying off. OSEP reports that in the 1999-2000 school year, the dropout rate among youth with disabilities was 29.4%, a decline of 4.7 percentage points over 5 years (U.S. Department of Education, 2002). A comparison of findings regarding school completion from NLTS and NLTS2 permits a longer view of the changing pattern of school completion from 1987 through 2003. It also draws on reports of individual youth with disabilities or their parents, rather than relying on aggregate statistics, which can underestimate dropout rates (U.S. Department of Education, 2002; Wagner, 1991). The following sections identify the rates at which youth with disabilities left high school in a 2-year period. Youth included in these findings from NLTS2 were all in high school in the fall of the 2000-01 school year and had left high school by the time of the 2003 interviews with parents and youth. Youth in NLTS were in school in the fall of the 1985-86 school year and had left school by fall 1987. Rates are calculated by dividing the number of youth reported to have left school in a particular way (e.g., by graduating) by the total number of youth who had left school. Rates are reported for youth with different primary disability classifications, and who differ in age, gender, household income, and race/ethnicity, when significant.
The modelled liquid water balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Abstract. Recent studies indicate that the surface mass balance will dominate the Greenland Ice Sheet's (GrIS) contribution to 21st century sea level rise. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the liquid water balance (LWB) of the ice sheet and its response to increasing surface melt. We therefore analyse a firn simulation conducted with the SNOWPACK model for the GrIS and over the period 1960–2014 with a special focus on the LWB and refreezing. Evaluations of the simulated refreezing climate with GRACE and firn temperature observations indicate a good model–observation agreement. Results of the LWB analysis reveal a spatially uniform increase in surface melt (0.16 m w.e. a−1) during 1990–2014. As a response, refreezing and run-off also indicate positive changes during this period (0.05 and 0.11 m w.e. a−1, respectively), where refreezing increases at only half the rate of run-off, implying that the majority of the additional liquid input runs off the ice sheet. This pattern of refreeze and run-off is spatially variable. For instance, in the south-eastern part of the GrIS, most of the additional liquid input is buffered in the firn layer due to relatively high snowfall rates. Modelled increase in refreezing leads to a decrease in firn air content and to a substantial increase in near-surface firn temperature. On the western side of the ice sheet, modelled firn temperature increases are highest in the lower accumulation zone and are primarily caused by the exceptional melt season of 2012. On the eastern side, simulated firn temperature increases are more gradual and are associated with the migration of firn aquifers to higher elevations.
The Impact of Authority on Reporting Behavior , Rationalization and Affect

We examine reporting choices, rationalizations and emotional responses when an authority figure directs participants to misreport the results of their performance for financial gain. Our research is motivated by the assertions of several individuals involved in major accounting scandals that an authority figure instructed them to perpetrate fraudulent financial reporting. Based on moral disengagement theory, we employ a laboratory experiment where a “boss” instructs participants to misreport for financial benefit. We find that, when instructed to misreport: (1) more participants misreport, (2) they rationalize their behavior primarily by displacing responsibility, and (3) they do not feel as badly as they do when they misreport on their own volition. We find that displacing responsibility mediates the relation between being told to misreport and the act of misreporting, resulting in lower levels of negative affect. Our results suggest that being instructed to misreport allows individuals a relatively easy way to rationalize, leading to increased misreporting. This research addresses calls to better understand the role of rationalizations in fraudulent reporting, extends moral disengagement theory by examining emotional responses after rationalization, and lays the groundwork necessary to explore interventions that reduce fraudulent financial
Improving the nutritional status of malnourished children using soybean products in Rwanda

The prevalence of malnutrition is high in Rwanda especially in Ruhango District of Southern Province (23.5% in 2009). The contribution of soybean (Glycine max L), which is an important source of high quality and inexpensive protein and oil, to improvement of nutritional status of malnourished children is unclear. Although a lot of research has been done on the production of soybean in Rwanda, research on soybean in the diet to improve the nutritional status of malnourished children has not been done. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soybean flour and soybean milk on the nutritional status of malnourished children under the age of five. The objective was to determine the weight gain due to each treatment in comparison with the control group. This study was conducted in Ruhango District of Southern Province Rwanda. A survey was conducted where households growing and utilizing soybean were identified and anthropometric measurements were taken on 294 children to select malnourished children. Thirty malnourished children participate in the intervention which lasted three months. One cup (250ml) of soybean milk was supplemented to ten children per day. An equal number was supplemented with 25g of soybean flour in soup (250ml). The caregivers of the ten children in the control group received nutrition education together with the two treatment groups. Anthropometric measurements were taken every month and entered in WHO ANTHRO software. Data was analyzed by regression models using GenStat 14th edition and the magnitude of weight gain due to each of the treatments was predicted at 5% level of significance. A linear mixed model was used to estimate and compare weight gain among children fed on soybean milk and soybean flour supplement in comparison with the control group. Soybean products were found to affect weight gain of children (P = 0.04). The mean weight gain was 0.9 (±0.5) kg within three months of intervention. The difference in weight gain between the two treatment groups was not significant. To improve the nutritional status of malnourished children under five years further intervention is needed in terms of education and training on soybean based diet formulation. Key words : soybean products, under five, Rwanda
PREDESPOSING FACTORS FOR THE INFECTION OF MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR

Impacted mandibular third molar tooth is the most frequent tooth extracted due to diverse group of infections like pericoronitis, caries and irreversible pulpitis etc. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of infections found with the impacted mandibular third molar regarding its different angulations (Winter’s classifications). Among 100 study patients, all subjects were clinically assessed and radiographically evaluated for infections and type of angulations of lower third molar. The data collected on specially designed Performa was analyzed for variables on SPSS 10.0 version. The data obtained showed male to female ratio of 1:2.8. Fifty two percent patients presented with infection of mandibular third molar at the age of 21-25 years. The most common infection found was pericoronitis (49.0%). Based on Winter’s classification most of the impacted teeth were in mesioangular (46.0%). Pericoronitis was found to be common in vertical (23.0%) followed by mesioangular (15.0%), distoangular (8.0%) and horizontal angulation (3.0%). Mesioangular impactions were most commonly involved with caries (25.0%).
PREDICTIONS IN TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENTS

Damage patterns on the articular surface of the proximal tibia, including cartilage degen23 eration in osteoarthritic knees and damage of polyethylene knee prostheses after total knee replacement, provide information related to knee joint biomechanics and damage 25 mechanisms at the articular surface. This study reports articular damage patterns and knee kinematics assessed in the knees of older subjects, before and after total knee 27 replacement. The damage patterns are used to evaluate computational dynamic contact and tribological models that predict polyethylene damage in a patient-specific total knee 29 replacement model.
INFOGRAPHICS IN EDUCATION: REVIEW ON INFOGRAPHICS DESIGN

One way of handling significant amounts of information is through visual. The infographics can transfer knowledge about a topic faster and more effectively than pure text; however, this condition is depending on the quality and presentation of the infographics. This paper is intended to investigate infographics in various areas and then focusing on its application in education. Besides, designing aspect of infographics was explored since it is important for designing good quality of infographics application. To achieve this objective, a total of 55 articles from four databases covering the period from 2004 to 2016 were analyzed based on their setting. The analysis showed that 30 articles discussed the infographics, eighteen articles elaborated infographics in education field, and seven articles immersed on infographics design. Infographics design techniques in various areas can be implemented in designing a good infographics application for teaching and learning purposes.
INCREASING NURSES’ SPIRITUAL PERSPECTIVES AND SPIRITUAL CARE THROUGH A SPIRITUAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM by

There are no protocols in the literature describing how spiritual care from nursing staff should be provided to a bone marrow transplant patient and their family. Although a majority of nurses think that routine spiritual care would positively impact patients, only 25% of patients have reported receiving spiritual care. Increased education has been associated with positive perceptions of spiritual care. The solution to this need will be researched through a secondary data analysis from pre/post surveys from implementation of an education program on spiritual care for BMT nurses. The hypothesis of this PI is that a spiritual education program will enhance spiritual perspectives in nurses and increase spiritually-focused nursing care with patients. The purpose of this PI is to determine if a spirituality training class for Bone Marrow Transplant nurses will increase nurses’ spiritual perspectives and their spiritual care of patients. A second purpose is to examine the relationship between nurses’ spiritual perspectives and extent of spiritual care at both preand posteducational program times. This study is a secondary analysis of a data set from a pre/post survey of BMT nurses who attended a spiritual education program. Nurses were surveyed using the SPS tool and a NSQ tool. The spiritual education program was a one day, six hour class that was taught by the research team, and divided into sessions. There were 43 BMT nurses who completed the class and the posttest one month after taking the class. The slight increase of scores from preto postsurvey with the SPS suggests that the spiritual education program provided a slight enhancement of personal spiritual perspectives and assisted the participants to reflect and further develop their values and beliefs on spirituality. The hypothesis that a spiritual education program would increase the frequency of spiritual care that nurses provided to patients was strongly supported. These findings suggest that participating in a spiritual education program provides the nurse with
Simple viscous flows: From boundary layers to the renormalization group

The seemingly simple problem of determining the drag on a body moving through a very viscous fluid has, for over 150 years, been a source of theoretical confusion, mathematical paradoxes, and experimental artifacts, primarily arising from the complex boundary layer structure of the flow near the body and at infinity. We review the extensive experimental and theoretical literature on this problem, with special emphasis on the logical relationship between different approaches. The survey begins with the developments of matched asymptotic expansions, and concludes with a discussion of perturbative renormalization group techniques, adapted from quantum field theory to differential equations. The renormalization group calculations lead to a new prediction for the drag coefficient, one which can both reproduce and surpass the results of matched asymptotics.