Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEASONAL AND DIEL PATTERNS OF GRIZZLY BEAR DIET AND ACTIVITY IN WEST-CENTRAL ALBERTA

Abstract Seasonal food habits and activity patterns were examined for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in west-central Alberta, Canada, to better understand habitat requirements in a threatened population. Food habits were based on an analysis of 665 feces collected from 18 grizzly bears between April and October 2001–2003. Trends in the use of foods were comparable to those of other central Rocky Mountain populations, with minor differences likely reflecting regional habitat and forage availability. Five activities (bedding, sweet vetch digging, insect feeding, frugivory, and ungulate kills) were identified for each of 1,032 field-visited global positioning system radiotelemetry locations from 9 female grizzly bears. We predicted the probability of each activity during relevant periods by time of day (crepuscular, diurnal, and nocturnal) and habitat. Selection ratios were used to assess which habitat and time periods were selected. Activity patterns changed considerably over a 24-h period, with foraging activities occurring mostly during diurnal and crepuscular periods and bedding at night. Habitats were important predictors of activity. Forested areas were selected for bedding areas, whereas digging, insect-foraging, and frugivory activities were associated with herbaceous, recently disturbed forest and open-canopy forests. We suggest that researchers consider behavior and time of day in analyses of habitat selection to improve explanations of habitat use and mechanisms of selection.
∆Γs at the Tevatron

We present bounds on the CP violation phase φs and on the decay width difference ∆Γs which characterize the neutral Bs − B̄s meson system. The measurements are performed by the CDF and DØ experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron using Bs → J/ψ φ decays with 2.8 fb−1 of data per experiment. A data sample of 5 fb−1 has already been recorded by each experiment and expect up to doubling this amount by the end of the Tevatron running. Neither of the two Tevatron experiments can provide accurate measurement of the CP violation phase with the current or even expected sample sizes. However they can significantly constrain the allowed parameter space and search for physics beyond the standard model manifested as a large deviation from zero of the CP violation parameter φs.
Oil and the Macroeconomy since World War II

All but one of the U.S. recessions since World War II have been preceded, typically with a lag of around three-fourths of a year, by a dramatic increase in the price of crude petroleum. This does not mean that oil shocks caused these recessions. Evidence is presented, however, that even over the period 1948-72 this correlation is statistically significant and nonspurious, supporting the proposition that oil shocks were a contributing factor in at least some of the U.S. recessions prior to 1972. By extension, energy price increases may account for much of post-OPEC macroeconomic performance.
ESTIMATION OF Na GENE F EQUENCY ON NATIVE CHICKEN POPULATIONAND ITS EFFECT ON HATCHABILITY PE FO MANCE

The objective of thi re earch wa to e timate the Na gene frequency of the native chicken population and it effect on hatchability performance.The re earch used Native Chickens with Naked- neck phenotype and Normal-feathered Native Chicken,consi ted of 16 cocks and 48 hens a the parent. They were put in 4 breeding groups :1)Breeding group of Legund Cock with Legund Hen (LL);2) Legund Cock with Normal-feathered Native Hen (LN);3)Normal-feathered Native Cock with Legund Hen (NL);4)Normal-feathered Native Cock with Normal-feathered Native Hen (NN). Each group con i ted of 4 replications and each replication consi ted of 1 Cock with 3 Hens.Completely Randomized De ign (CRD)were u ed to analysi the fertility,hatchability and embryo mortality. Hardy-Weinberg ’ Law of Gene equilibrium method wa used to find out the preading e timation of Na and na gene in whole off pring population.Experimental re ult howed that the breeding groups had no influence (P>0.05)on egg fertility,hatchability and embryo mortality.The phenotype of the off pring of the breeding groups were not deviate from the Mendel ’ law.The e timation of the Na gene frequency wa 19.7%. Keywords :naked-neck.Na gene.fert l ty.hatchabil ty and embryo mortality
Near surface meltwater storage in low-density bare ice of theGreenland ice sheet ablation zone

We document the density and hydrologic properties of bare, ablating ice in a mid-elevation (1215 m a.s.l.) supraglacial internally drained catchment near Kangerlussuaq, southwest Greenland. We find water saturated, low-density (474–725 kg m −3 , μ = 688 kg m −3 ) ice to at least 1.1 m depth below the ice sheet surface. This near surface, low-density ice consists of alternating fractured porous ice and clear solid ice lenses, overlain by a thin ( −3 , μ = 455 kg m −3 ) unsaturated weathering crust. Ice-density data from 10 shallow (0.9–1.1 m) ice cores along an 800 m transect suggest an average 15–22 cm of liquid meltwater storage within this low-density ice. Water saturation of this ice is confirmed through measurable water levels (1–29 cm, μ = 10 cm) in 84 % of cryoconite holes and rapid infilling of 83 % of 1 m drilled holes sampled along the transect. Though preliminary, these findings are consistent with descriptions of shallow, depth-limited aquifers in weathering crusts of temperate and polythermal glaciers worldwide, and confirm the potential for substantial transient meltwater storage within porous low-density ice on the Greenland Ice Sheet ablation zone surface. A conservative estimate for the ~ 63 km 2 catchment yields 0.010–0.014 km 3 of liquid meltwater storage in near-surface, low-density ice. Further work is required to determine whether these findings are representative of broader areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet ablation zone, and to assess the implications for sub-seasonal surface mass balance calculations, surface lowering observations from airborne and satellite altimetry, and supraglacial runoff processes.
Optically Active Ofloxacin Isomer in Human Neutrophils and Tissue Culture Cells

The penetration of an optically active ofloxacin isomer [(-)-ofloxacin] into human neutrophils and different tissue culture cells (HEp-2, McCoy, MDCK, and Vero) was studied and compared with that of ofloxacin by a fluorometric assay. The cellular-to-extracellular-concentration ratios (CIE) of (-)-ofloxacin were always higher than 6, significantly greater than those of ofloxacin at extracellular concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/liter. The penetration of (-)-ofloxacin and ofloxacin was doubled when neutrophils were stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate but not affected after ingestion of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus. The CIE ratios of (-)-ofloxacin and ofloxacin for different tissue culture epithelial cells and fibroblasts were lower than those of neutrophils but still higher than 2. Both compounds produced a significant reduction in viable intraphagocytic S. aureus during 3
Experiencing Work: An Essay on a Person-Centric Work Psychology

In this essay we argue for a more person-centric direction for research in industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology. We argue that the prevailing paradigm within I–O treats workers as objects and in so doing limits the ability to develop a deep and continued understanding of the important ways in which humans relate to work. In response, we think there is a need for a more coherent focus on the worker and on the subjective experience of working. After describing the current paradigm we suggest an alternative—a person-centric work psychology that takes the worker as its focus and worker experience as a topic of study.
Prevalence of Ixodid Ticks on Cattle in and Around Diga Town, West Ethiopia

The prevalence of bovine tick species in and around Diga town was studied over a period of six months from November 2013 to April 2014. Adult ticks were collected from 394 local and crossbred cattle which were kept under extensive management system. A total of 1444 adult ticks were collected from part of cattle and were identified to genera and species level. Four tick species of three genera were identified, in which two species belong to genus Amblyomma and one species each in the genus Rhipicephalus (formerly Boophilus) and Rhipicephalus. Of all the total ticks collected, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus and Rhipicephalus (formerly Boophilus) constituted 68.4%, 16% and 15.6% respectively. The tick species encountered were A. variegatum (50.0%), A. coherence (18.5%) R. evertsi-evertsi (16%) and R. (B.) decolaratus(15.5%). The sex ratios of all tick species identified were skewed towards male (1.4:1) except for R. (B.) decolaratus. The prevalence of tick infestation was significantly associated with body condition of animal (P 0.05).
Approaches allowing smallholder farmers in India to benefit from seasonal climate forecasting

Climate variability is a major influence on agricultural production in smallholder farming systems of India. Smallholder farmers manage this climate variability only after the negative impacts are realized. The El-Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon explains some of this inter-annual rainfall variability. We suggest an integrated, interdisciplinary, participatory systems approach for the application of ENSO-based climate forecasts to vulnerable smallholder agriculture production systems in India. The overall aim of the approach is to demonstrate and deliver the benefits from climate forecasts for farmers and to provide operational support for seasonal climate prediction with in the target region. Our experiences demonstrate improved farm decision-making using climate forecasts combined with cropping system models. Simulated yields and gross margins helped to identify optimal farm decision scenarios conditioned on ENSO forecasts. The most valuable decision responses were associated with crop choice, sowing season and planting density. Although the potential aggregate benefit appears to be substantial, smallholder farmers face several challenges related to the uncertainty of current forecasts and complexity of agricultural systems. We suggest that, to benefit from seasonal climate forecasts, the decision capacity of the smallholder farmers need to be improved and greater emphasis should be placed on farmer involvement and a demand-driven participatory system analysis approach. The climate predictability needs to be improved further for wider application and to exploit potential benefit for smallholder risk management. Media summary Seasonal climate forecasting, agricultural systems analysis based on simulation models and a participatory decision making approach has resulted in better-informed decision-making of smallholder farmers in India.
Three Principles for Quantum Gravity

We postulate that the fundamental principles of Quantum Gravity are diffeomorphism symmetry, unitarity, and locality. Local observables are compatible with diffeomorphism symmetry in the presence of diff anomalies, which modify the symmetry algebra upon quantization. We describe the generalization of the Virasoro extension to the diffeomorphism algebra in several dimensions, and its off-shell representations. These anomalies can not arise in QFT, because the Virasoro-like cocycles are functionals of the observer’s spacetime trajectory, which is not present in QFT. Possible implications for physics are discussed.
Effect of Coolant Temperature on Machining Characteristics of High Carbon Steel

This paper reports on the effect of coolant temperature on machining of high carbon steels. The development of a cooling system to reduce the temperature of water soluble coolant to 7.9 o C from ambient temperature was employed in this work to improve the machining performance. The experiments were performed using cooled and ambient temperatures by employing Taguchi L 18 orthogonal array to design the experimental runs. The cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were the machining parameters used; while the tool-work piece interface temperature was monitored using a digital thermometer with k-type thermocouple wire. The selected control factors are material removal rate and surface roughness. The experimental results were analyzed using Minitab 16. The main effects and percentage contributions of various parameters affecting surface roughness and material removal rate were discussed, and the optimal cutting conditions were determined. It was observed that surface finish improved by 65% with the use of the developed cooled system. The reduction in coolant temperature played a vital role in improving surface finish during machining high carbon steels.
Creative-based strategies in small cities: A case-study approach

The article intends to contribute to the literature on the relation between small cities and the creative economy in Europe. It aims to identify some dimensions and variables that need to be considered when approaching the capability of these small territories to attract creative people and businesses, surpassing the metropolitan-biased approaches oriented to the context of large cities. The research work is based on a case study methodology, centred on the comparative analysis of the small cities of Obidos (Portugal), Barnsley UK) and Jyvaskyla (Finland). The results of this investigation emphasise the context-specific nature of creative-based policies and stress the importance of some key success factors, such as governance and institutional arrangements, quality of life, entrepreneurship and networks.
Exploring Views of Educators on the Outcomes of the Reading Campaign

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to understand the efficacy of the reading campaign in improving learners’ competences in reading. A questionnaire was administered to educators to solicit (a) their views on the implementation of the ELITS’(Education Library, Information and Technology Services) reading campaign, (b) their awareness of the campaign and (c) the availability and accessibility of the quality reading collections supplied by ELITS to schools. The study aimed at understanding the efficacy of the reading campaign in improving learners’ competencies in reading. The findings revealed that majority of the educators are not aware of the ELITS reading campaign, their knowledge of the campaign is limited and they are not even aware of the objectives and time frame of the project. Based on the findings the researcher realised that the objectives of the ELITS reading campaign were not achieved due to poor planning for the campaign, lack of training for the educators, lack of monitoring and evaluation of the project and time frame for the project was not clearly stated. The study recommends that reading campaigns be planned properly, all stakeholders must know and understand objectives of the campaign, time frame must be clearly stated to all stakeholders and monitoring and evaluation must be taken into consideration.
Role of AMF on plant growth, nutrient uptake, arsenic toxicity and chlorophyll content of chili grown in arsenic amended soil

Mycorrhizal fungi have their most significant effect on plant growth and have shown to reduce arsenic contamination to chili. The present experiment was carried out to determine the influence of AMF inoculation on plant growth, nutrient uptake, arsenic toxicity, and chlorophyll content of chili grown in arsenic amended soil. Chili was grown in arsenic amended soils with or without mycorrhizal inoculation. Three levels of arsenic concentrations (10 ppm, 100 ppm, and 500 ppm) were used. The seed germination was affected more by the two treatment variables. Root length, shoot height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight were higher in AMF inoculated plants in comparison to their respective treatments and decreased significantly with the increase rate of arsenic concentrations. Less arsenic content, higher chlorophyll, and nutrient uptake were recorded in mycorrhiza inoculated chili plants. The present findings indicated that AMP inoculation not only minimize arsenic toxicity, but also can increase growth and nutrient uptake of chili. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4. 14388 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 635-644, December 2012
Comparative Susceptibility of Adult African Invader Fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Some Selected Insecticides in Ghana

With the recent introduction of B. invadens in Africa and its devastating role in crop production, especially mango, with currently no registered insecticides for use against this fly in Ghana, the susceptibility of the fly to four commercially available insecticidal products namely, Cydim Super, Pyrinex 48 EC, Diazol 50 EW and Deltapaz was evaluated in the laboratory. The bioassay was conducted using three (3) different doses of each insecticidal product, by dipping 4x4 cm hardboard panels into the respective doses. Susceptibility of the flies to insecticides were assessed on freshly treated panels, 3-day-old and 6-day-old treated panels in some ventilated transparent bottles of 1 litre capacity. Adult flies aged between 4-12 days were used for the bioassays. The bioassay results indicated that the adult flies were more susceptible to Diazol (Diazinon) (LC50 = 0.6 ml/L; LC90 = 1.3 ml/L) and Pyrinex (Chlorpyrifos) (LC50 = 0.8 ml/L; LC90 =1.0 ml/L), and hence gave the least LT50 and LT90 times. Least susceptibility was recorded with Deltapaz (Deltamethrin) (LC50 = 3.1 ml/L; LC90 = 5.2 ml/L). It could be concluded that the control of B. invadens can be achieved more effectively by the use Pyrinex (Chlorpyrifos) and Diazol (Diazinon). The use of Pyrinex appears to be more economical to the resource poor farmers as it had least LC90 of 1.0 ml/L compared to 1.3 ml/L for Diazol in 30 min.
Loss of mnemic neglect among socially anxious individuals

The relation between social anxiety and memory for self-threatening information was investigated in the context of the mnemic neglect paradigm (Sedikides & Green, 2000). It was hypothesized that those high in social anxiety would evince a loss of mnemic neglect: They would show a reduced likelihood of poor memory for central, negative, and self-referent behaviors (i.e., behaviors that reflected social ineptness and untrustworthiness), and would do so because these behaviors are especially threatening to socially anxious individuals and fit well with their self-views. Results from three studies were consistent with the hypothesis. The loss of mnemic neglect observed in two of the studies could not be accounted for by depression, nor was it limited to a social threat context. The results were mixed as to whether the loss of mnemic neglect in socially anxious individuals was limited to behaviors that reflected social ineptness, or whether it also emerged in memory for behaviors that reflected untrustworthiness. Implications for social anxiety, the self, and memory are discussed.
Immunomodulators and immunostimulants in the diet of children and teenagers suffering from simple obesity

Introduction. A diet balanced for macrocomponents, minerals, and vitamins, is essential to achieving optimal immunity. Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immunomodulators and immunostimulants in the diet of children and teenagers suffering from simple obesity. Material and methods. The study involved 100 children and teenagers aged 7-18 suffering from simple obesity. Each patient was interviewed on the products and meals consumed within the last 48 hours, their weight and height measurements were taken, and their Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The estimation of consumed nutrients, including immunomodulators and immunostimulants, was based on the nutrition interview. The obtained results were then related to compared with the nutritional norms in place. Results. The mean daily calorie intake in the studied group equalled 74%, and for proteins it was 151%. On average, the proportion of n-6:n-3 fatty acids equalled 10:1. For amino acids in the diet the highest intake values were observed for glutamic acid (1450.44 mg/day). The study demonstrated inadequate intake of iron (77% of Recommended Daily Allowance – RDA), folic acids (42% of RDA), vitamin C (84% of RDA) and lycopene (41% of RDA). The mean daily intake of other nutrients exceeded the RDA values. Conclusions. The diet of the study participants was not properly balanced for macrocomponents and immunomodulators, which may be the reason of immunological disorders and immunodeficiency in this group of patients.
OPTIMIZING POTASSIUM REQUIREMENTS OF CHIPSONA CUTIVARS FOR WEST-CENTRAL PLAINS

A field study conducted at Modipuram during 2000-2002 indicated that process grade (> 45mm) and total tuber number increased with the application of potash over control, however, stem number and leaf number were not influenced as a result of different K levels. Tuber number and tuber weight/plant were higher in cv. Kufri Chipsona-1 (9.12 and 457.2 g, respectively) than cv. Kufri Chipsona-2 (8.13 and 397.5 g, respectively). Significant increase in process/total tuber yields and net returns was recorded up to 150 kg K 2 O/ha, hence this dose was recommended for Chipsona cultivars grown in west-central plains.
Saturation of energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic modes due to wave–particle nonlinearity

The nonlinear dynamics of energetic-particle (EP) driven geodesic acoustic modes (EGAM) is investigated here. A numerical analysis with the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code ORB5 is performed, and the results are interpreted with the analytical theory, in close comparison with the theory of the beam-plasma instability. Only axisymmetric modes are considered, with a nonlinear dynamics determined by wave–particle interaction. Quadratic scalings of the saturated electric field with respect to the linear growth rate are found for the case of interest. As a main result, the formula for the saturation level is provided. Near the saturation, we observe a transition from adiabatic to non-adiabatic dynamics, i.e. the frequency chirping rate becomes comparable to the resonant EP bounce frequency. The numerical analysis is performed here with electrostatic simulations with circular flux surfaces, and kinetic effects of the electrons are neglected.
Efficient Finite Element and Contact Procedures for the Simulation of High Speed Sheet Metal Forming Processes

A large variety of forming processes is used in industrial manufacturing processes. The numerical simulation of such processes puts high demands on the finite element technology. Usually first order isoparametric elements are preferred because of their robustness and numerical efficiency. Unfortunately, these elements tend to undesired numerical effects like ”locking”, predominant in situations characterized by plastic incompressibility or pure bending. To overcome this problem, several authors [1, 2, 4] propose finite element formulations based on the concept of reduced integration with hourglass stabilization by applying the ”enhanced strain method”. The main advantage of the proposed new isoparametric solid-shell formulation with linear ansatz functions is the fact that the undesirable effects of locking are eliminated. The previously described element technique can be applied to analyze specific problems of high speed forming into a cavity: Working with contact surfaces discretized by first order finite elements leads to discontinuities of the normal patch vector and, subsequently, to non-smooth sliding [5]. In quasi-static forming processes these discontinuities will not influence the contact forces noticeably. However, in dynamic investigations the sudden change of contact forces due to the rough surface description leads to a very high acceleration of the contact nodes. To avoid this effect, a smoothing algorithm will be described.