Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Storage Duration on Stability and Sensorial Quality of Dried BeefProduct (Kilishi)

This study was designed to investigate the influence of storage duration on the stability and sensorial quality of kilishi samples. The conventional traditional kilishi (TK) and sausage-type (SK) at varying percentage of ingredients were processed. Chemical and sensorial analyses were performed to investigate quality changes and to determine the shelf stability of the kilishi samples stored at 28 ± 2°C for 150 days. The proximate, peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were found statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) in the kilishi samples throughout storage. The lowest PV (8.24 mEq/kg), FFA (3.12% oleic acid) and TBA (0.26 mgMDA/kg) were recorded in SK7 (115% ingredients), while the highest PV (35.11mEq/kg), FFA (11.18% oleic acid) and TBA (1.57 mgMDA/kg) occurred in SK2 (85% ingredients). Highest protein (55.84 ± 0.05%), fat (19.20 ± 0.09%) and ash (5.58 ± 0.08%) were obtained from SK7, SK2 and SK7 respectively and the organoleptic results showed that SK2 had the best acceptance and was significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the other kilishi samples.
Chlamydia psittaci em araras-canindé (Ara ararauna) cativas em um Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres no Brasil

Chlamydia psittaci infection stands out due to its zoonotic potential. It was detected in several orders, being Psittaciformes its main reservoir. Our objective was to investigate the occurrence of C. psittaci infection by clinical and environmental examination, as well as agent detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from choanal and cloacal swabs in 46 blue-and-gold macaws ( Ara ararauna ) allocated at the Triage Center of Wild Animals, Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The frequency of positive detection of the bacteria found was 50% (23/46) by cloacal swab. In this percentual, 26.09% (12/23) were also positive by choanal swab, being the probability of detection 2.83 times higher for cloacal swabs when compared to choanal ones (p<0.05). There was no association between body condition, temperature variations and PCR positivity for C. psittaci , being 34.78% of positive individuals asymptomatic to this disease. Therefore, our findings show agent’s dispersion at the squad and high frequency of asymptomatic birds. Considering the possibility of contagion to workers and free living birds, the quarantine in wildlife conservation and support centers, as well as the care with hygiene and individual protection for humans who deal with the animals, should be strictly followed even in the absence of clinical signs.
Effect of tapioca starch and maltodextrin on the physicochemical properties of low fat probiotic ice cream

A low fat probiotic ice cream was prepared by incorporating tapioca starch and maltodextrin separately and in combination along with Lacotbacillus reuteri. Different treatments of ice cream having 1, 2 and 3 per cent fat were prepared by incorporating either tapioca starch or maltodextrin at 3, 4 and 5 per cent levels, respectively and ice cream with 10 per cent milk fat was kept as control As milk fat is substituted with sago and maltodextrin, to provide rich texture and sweetness, sapodilla and mango were incorporated at the rate of 10 per cent into ice cream mix at the time of freezing in addition to the base flavour vanilla. Based on the physicochemical properties, treatment ice cream mixes having 2 per cent fat incorporated with either 5 per cent addition of tapioca starch or maltodextrin were adjudged as ideal level and accordingly used for probiotic ice cream production by incorporating L. reuteri at the rate of 2, 4 and 6 per cent.
Variation in age, growth and maturity in the Australian arrow squid Nototodarus gouldi over time and space-what is the pattern?

Age, growth and maturity parameters were examined for the southern Australian ommastrephid squid Nototodarus gouldi. Squid were obtained from the fishing ports of: Ulladulla, New South Wales; Port Lincoln, South Australia; Lakes Entrance, Victoria; and Hobart, Tasmania. Squid were collected during 2 seasonal periods: summer/autumn-caught (warm-season squid) and spring-caught (cool-season squid) over 2 consecutive years (2000, 2001). N. gouldi is a sexually dimorphic species, with females generally reaching larger sizes than males. Initial genetic analysis has found only a single species in Australian waters. Statolith ageing revealed that squid completed their life cycle in <1 yr, and appear to hatch throughout the year. Trends in size, growth and maturity varied considerably between sites, seasons and years. Squids hatched in summer/autumn grew con- sistently faster than squid that hatched in winter/spring, presumably due to the influence of temper- ature on growth. Squid in 1999/2000 also grew faster than squid in 2000/2001. Growth of female squid in winter correlated with sea surface colour (SSC) during peak hatch periods, but the SSC rela- tionship did not exist for males. Ulladulla squid were generally smaller, younger, had smaller gonads than most other squid and were possibly a smaller morph of the species. Tasmania and Lakes Entrance tended to have larger older individuals with larger gonads, while Port Lincoln was variable and intermediate. However, during spring 2001 both Tasmania and Port Lincoln had individuals that were much smaller than those of the other seasons for these sites, and were more like those from Ulladulla. Trends in age of mature individuals showed considerable variability (over 100 d from youngest to oldest) and there appeared to be a cline across all sites and seasons. Arrow squid appear to reveal marked plasticity in age, growth and maturity parameters, but currently the extent to which the environment or genetics control plasticity is unclear.
Physiological demands of rugby union matches and practice sessions

Research studies indicate that, by determining the physiological load placed on athletes during competitions, it can aid in the development of strength and conditioning programmes, according to the specific demands placed on athletes. Physiological data, specifically on rugby union players, are limited, thus stressing the need for more information in this area. The aim of the study was to investigate the physiological demands of South African male U/21 club rugby players and to establish the relationship between physiological demands experienced during rugby games and practice sessions. Scientific methods to describe physiological demands in sport that are used are heart-rate and blood-lactate measurements. A group of U/21 rugby players (n=15) of the University of Pretoria (Tuks) rugby club participated in this study. Variables that were tested included blood-lactate concentrations and mean heart-rates during a rugby match and practice sessions. The Tuks U/21 team’s data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations). Significant differences between rugby match and practice sessions were determined by a dependent ttest (p<0.05). An independent t-test was used to determine significant differences between the forwards and backs group. The results showed statistically significant differences between mean heart-rate in the rugby match (154.40 ±13.53) and practice sessions (138.33±4.81). No significant differences were found between peak lactate measurements in the match (5.39 ±2.44) and practice sessions (4.93±1.83). Between the forwards and backs group no statistical significance could be found for average heart-rate and blood-lactate levels in practice sessions and during the match. The findings of the present study indicate that rugby union matches for club level U/21 players are an intermittent type of activity, which utilise both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems.
Case Study, Simulation and Management Games: Use, Benefits and Barriers in Undergraduate Business School Program (CEAS-IMSIU)

This research focused on three main teaching methods: case study, simulation, and management games from both theoretical as well as empirical aspects. It explores the use, the benefits, and the barriers of the mentioned teaching methods related to the main management courses from Faculty Members (FMs) perspectives. The empirical investigation was based on a survey of all business departments' faculty members. This study revealed (1) the predominant use of lecturing despite the respondents' engagement in case study, simulation, and management games. It showed that (2) the frequency use of these teaching supports was particularly related to some courses, not systematically, and depended on the faculty member (rank, experience, place of degree). Finally, (3) the main barriers preventing the FMs from using these teaching methods are associated with resources, more than risk and suitability.
Effects of Mannan-oligosaccharides and Live Yeast in Diets on the Carcass, Cut Yields, Meat Composition and Colour of Finishing Turkeys

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide = MOS) and probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae = SC) in finishing turkey diets on carcass, cut yield, meat composition and colour. A total of 72 ten-weeks-old Big6 male turkey poults were used in the trial. There were eight replicate floor pens per floor with three birds in each. The experiment lasted up to 20 wks of age. The trial was set up as a completely randomized design with 3 dietary treatments. The treatments were: i) negative control (C, no additive); ii) MOS 1 g per kg of diet and iii) SC 1 g per kg of diet (strain SC47, 300×10 10 CFU/kg). Body weight (BW) and feed intake were determined for each of the two week intervals. Twenty-four birds were slaughtered and eviscerated to determine carcass, carcass parts and internal organ weights at 20 wks of age. Meat colour and pH levels were measured 24 h after slaughter. The dietary treatments did not affect BW and average daily gain during the trial (p>0.05). The average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of turkey toms fed with MOS were higher than those of control and SC groups during the overall period (p 0.05). These results suggest that the addition of MOS and SC is not likely to produce any performance or carcass characteristics in finishing turkeys at 10 to 20 wks of age.
Membrane paradigm from near-horizon soft hair

The membrane paradigm posits that black hole microstates are dynamical degrees of freedom associated with a physical membrane vanishingly close to the black hole’s event horizon. The soft hair paradigm postulates that black holes can be equipped with zero-energy charges associated with residual diffeomorphisms that label near-horizon degrees of freedom. In this paper we argue that the latter paradigm implies the former. More specifically, we exploit suitable near-horizon boundary conditions that lead to an algebra of “soft hair charges” containing infinite copies of the Heisenberg algebra, associated with area-preserving shear deformations of black hole horizons. We employ the near-horizon soft hair and its Heisenberg algebra to provide a formulation of the membrane paradigm and show how it accounts for black hole entropy.
Regional Impacts of non-R&D Innovation Expenditures across the EU Regions: Simulation Results Using the Rhomolo CGE Model

In the EU, a sizable part of innovation is attributed to the activities other than R&D such as purchases of advanced machinery, licenses, patents and minor modifications in products or processes. These non-R&D innovation activities receive substantial funding from the European cohesion policy (ECP). In this paper we applied the dynamic spatial computable general equilibrium model RHOMOLO to evaluate the ex-ante short and long run economic impacts of 2014-2020 non-R&D innovation subsidies allocated to the EU27 NUTS2 regions. The results of computer simulations show that the most notable welfare improvements (GDP, production and household consumption) were observed in the Eastern EU regions that receive the largest share of funding. Such outcome is in line with the goals of the European Cohesion Policy of stimulating economic convergence of the least developed regions. As was expected, the magnitude of macroeconomic impacts positively correlates with the amount of non-R&D subsidies allotted to the regions.
Response of some important Iranian wheat cultivars to Fusarium culmorum under genetic diversity of indigenous bio-control agent fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.

Wheat root and crown rot caused by Fusarium culmorum is known as one of the most common diseases among wheat diseases in Iran. Recently, application of new resistant cultivars and biological control by antagonistic bacteria, such as phlD+ (a key biocontrol gene) fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. have received much attention. An important scientific gap in this strategy is the interaction between disease resistant level of cultivar and composition of beneficial soil rhizosphere bacteria. Therefore, the resistance levels of some Iranian wheat cultivars to Fusarium culmorum were assessed under diversity of naturally occurring fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. The resistance level of seven wheat cultivars and lines (Falat, Niknejad, Marvdasht, Chamran, N83, Durum and line X) to F. culmorum were tested in greenhouse conditions. Then, the rhizosphere and endorhizosphere population of bacterial isolates were evaluated. Then diversity of phlD+ isolates were assessed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Finally, root colonization by four phlD+ isolates in the line X (resistant) and Falat (the most susceptible) cultivars at greenhouse level were analyzed. Based on resistance analysis, the cultivars were classified in to three groups: resistant, tolerant, and susceptible. The results showed that the indigenous rhizosphere population size of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was significantly different among the cultivars and correlated to the level of plant resistance. The results of RFLP analysis of the phlD gene among the isolated bacteria indicated that the composition of the genotypes enriched by the individual cultivars was differed. Four distinct phlD alleles, including A, B, D and F were detected. The highest genotype diversity was observed among phlD+ strains, obtained from line X rhizosphere (resistant cultivar). Comparison of the root colonization by the inoculated strains showed that phlD+ isolates were consistently recovered from the rhizosphere of the resistant cultivar (line X), and were commonly present at populations higher than those recovered from susceptible cultivar (Falat). Based on the results, it can be concluded that amazingly, there is a positive correlation between the wheat resistance level and the population size and diversity of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in their rhizosphere.
A Framework for Evaluating Traceability Benchmark Metrics

Many software traceability techniques have been developed in the past decade, but suffer from inaccuracy. To address this shortcoming, the software traceability research community seeks to employ benchmarking. Benchmarking will help the community agree on whether improvements to traceability techniques have addressed the challenges faced by the research community. A plethora of evaluation methods have been applied, with no consensus on what should be part of a community benchmark. The goals of this paper are: to identify recurring problems in evaluation of traceability techniques, to identify essential properties that evaluation methods should possess to overcome the identified problems, and to provide guidelines for benchmarking software traceability techniques. We illustrate the properties and guidelines using empirical evaluation of three software traceability techniques on nine data sets. The proposed benchmarking framework can be broadly applied to domains beyond traceability research.
Intergenerational Interaction Through Reminiscence Processes

Abstract Introduction: The interest in intergenerational programmes is increasing. However, there is a need for evaluation and the development of a theoretical framework to explain the mechanism of changes in attitudes of participants which is the purpose of this paper. Method: From July to December 2002 an intergenerational intervention was conducted with 111 students and 32 elders, who shared their life stories during class time. A Focus group technique was used to evaluate the programme and a theoretical framework was developed to explain the mechanism of changes in attitudes of adolescents towards elders and the attitudes of elders towards adolescents. Results: The results showed that stereotypes and prejudice exist, from young people towards elders and from elders towards young ones. The theoretical framework developed showed why and how participants changed their views towards each other in an intergenerational programme using reminiscence processes as a means of interaction. Conclusion: Although the study had some limitations, it was valuable in showing that older people had some negative images of adolescents. It also showed why and how participants changed their view towards each other.
Farm Level Analysis of Risk, and Risk Management Strategies and Policies: Evidence from German Crop Farms

This paper describes farmer’s exposures to risks at the individual farm level and develops a model representing the decisions of an individual risk averse farmer facing variability in both prices and yields. A set of stylised risk market instruments is represented. The model is calibrated using farm level data from Germany. Monte-Carlo simulations of the random variables are run, and the corresponding optimal responses are obtained. The main focus of this paper is the interactions between government payments and the farmers’ use of risk market instruments in terms of the potential crowding out of such instruments and impacts on farm return and welfare. Unlike other studies this paper models farming response to payments in terms of production and the use of risk market instruments that are endogenous. Single farm payment mitigates farmer’s efforts to reduce farming risk by the potential crowding out of substitutive strategies. Optimal policy crucially depends on the government objective, for instance risk reduction versus farmers’ welfare.
Biological Characterization of an International Collection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) Isolates

Author(s): Garnsey, S. M. ; Civerolo, E. L. ; Gumpf, D. J.; Paul, C. ; Hilf, M. E. ; Lee, R. F. ; Brlansky, R. H. ; Yokomi, R. K. ; Hartung, J. S.
Cournot and Bertrand competition with asymmetric costs in a mixed duopoly

We investigate a differentiated mixed duopoly in which private and public firms can choose to strategically set prices or quantities when the public firm is less efficient than the private firm. Thus, regardless of whether the goods are substitutes or complements, if the degree of public firm's inefficiency is sufficiently small, there exists a dominant strategy for both public and private firms that choose Bertrand competition, while there exists a dominant strategy only for the private firm that chooses Bertrand competition if the degree of inefficiency is sufficiently large. Consequently, we show that regardless of the nature of goods, (i) social welfare under Bertrand competition is determined in equilibrium, if the degree of public firm's inefficiency is sufficiently small; and (ii) if the degree of its inefficiency is sufficiently large, social welfare under which the private firm sets its price and the public firm sets its quantity is determined in equilibrium. Moreover, the ranking of a private firm's profit is not reversed.
Root Barrier and Extension Casing Effects on Chinese Hackberry

In California, repairing sidewalk damage associated with tree roots exceeds $62 million annually. Efforts to reduce sidewalk damage have provided street tree managers with a variety of root barrier products. In this study, 3 types of root barriers were installed and evaluated to determine whether 1) internal vertical ribs prevented circling roots and 2) root development would be significantly reduced in the top 30 cm (12 in.) of soil. The 3 barriers tested included 1) a modified production container, partially left in place when planted (extension casing), 2) a commercial product with vertical ribs spaced 15 cm (6 in.) apart, intended to prevent circling roots, and 3) a commercial product with vertical ribs spaced 12.5 cm (5 in.) apart. Root diameter, depth, and dry weight were measured for Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis) planted and grown for 3 years with and without root barriers. The extension casing reduced root biomass in the top 33 cm (13 in.) of soil by 50% compared to trees without barriers (controls). Mean root diameter of the 6 largest roots outside of the casing was also significantly smaller. Mean root diameters and biomass of controls were similar to those for the 2 commercial barriers. Roots on the trees with root barriers escaped beyond the barrier walls then grew upwards to depths similar to the controls (37 cm [14.5 in.]). Although casings reduced total root biomass and diameter, they appeared to encourage circling root growth. Circling was diminished when commercial barriers with internal vertical ribs were used. Mean top growth was similar among treatments.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROCUREMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF INTEGRATED DESIGN IN CONSTRUCTION

There is an emerging trend in the construction industry to adopt integrated design. It is expected that buildings defined using this approach will deliver better performance or better value for money. There are though, two opposing views regarding the changes to be done to adapt traditional design practices to this new organization of work. Advocates of sustainable construction posit that it is a matter of evolving from a sequential to an iterative design process, whereas the British government supports the view that a change in how projects are procured is required to transform the context that dictates relationships among the members of the team. The objective of the research is to study the influence of procurement on the performance of integrated design teams. It analyses integrated design through case studies reflecting these views. The research is conclusive regarding the influence of procurement on team efficiency. It demonstrates that traditional procurement processes reinforce sociocognitive barriers that hinder team efficiency. It also illustrates how new procurement modes can transform the dynamic of relationships between the client and the members of the supply chain, and have a positive impact on team performance.
Early recolonization of a dredged lowland river by dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata)

The influence of dredging on the dragonfly assemblages of the small regulated lowland River Krąpiel (north-western Poland) was analyzed a short time after the dredging. Dragonfly assemblages were destroyed, but they began to recover rapidly. Many biocoenotic indices reached high values at just six months after the dredging. The recolonization first occurred as a result of larval drift, and then, via dispersion of adult dragonflies. This process took place in conditions different from the prevailing conditions in the period before dredging, in terms of microhabitat availability and physico-chemical conditions. Compared to the previous assemblage, the emerging assemblage was more typical of assemblages found in small, natural running waters. Therefore, dredging (carried out for economic reasons) could be regarded as a process that unintentionally had a positive influence on odonate assemblages. Currently, when most small watercourses are regulated, dredging that is properly planned and controlled has proven to protect the natural fauna. It is worthwhile to apply lessons learned from examples of active fauna protection to what is currently known as “the rotational model” for dredging.