Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generational Differences in Empowerment, Professional Practice Environment, Incivility, Authentic Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Engagement and Intent to Leave in Acute Care Nurses

Aim. The aim of this study was to examine generational differences among acute care nurses on empowerment, professional practice, authentic leadership, incivility, job satisfaction, engagement and intent to leave the current job. Background. Empowerment in nursing is a well-studied subject. Perceptions of professional practice environments, authentic leadership and incivility are related to empowerment. An increase in empowerment has been linked to job satisfaction and the likelihood of leaving one’s job or the profession. The nursing shortage forces attention to job satisfaction and keeping the professionals we currently have in the profession. Generational differences exist within different cohorts of nurses and can affect how they respond within their job and organization. Method. Descriptive and inferential analyses of the demographic and major study variables, along with reliability assessments of the study instruments were conducted. Generational differences were determined using general linear modeling. The hypothesized structural model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Proc CALIS in SAS. Results. A sample of 210 nurses working in the hospital setting in the East Tennessee were included in the study. Significant associations among the variables were observed. There were no differences detected between the generational groups. The hypothesized model did not fit. After review, the final model was improved to acceptable associations among variables. Conclusion. Given the current multi-generational status of nurses and the state of nursing, efforts should be made to support and assist the needs of the various generations. Providing empowering environments, with authentic leaders and a professional practice environment increases job satisfaction, and is likely to provide an environment in which the nurse will want to remain.
Thermal cycling effect on intermetallic formation with various surface finish of micro bump interconnect for 3D package

Micro bump interconnect with through-silicon via (TSV) is one of the critical issues for realizing three dimensional (3D) packages. This enabling technology provides more I/O in shrunken die area, and hence high density interconnection. Electroless Ni immersion Au (ENIG), electroless Ni electroless Pd immersion Au (ENEPIG), and plating Tin are commonly used surface finish for Cu pad in lead-free package. However, the majority of studies are focusing on Controlled Collapse Chip Connection (C4) solder. Intermetallic compounds (IMC) formation is a result of interaction between the solder tip, barrier layer, Cu pillar form the top die and micro pad finish from the interposer. As a result, microstructure made with different pad finish will major impact to solder reliability. In this study, three types of pad finish including ENIG, ENEPIG, and plating Tin were chosen to evaluate intermetallic formation during thermal cycling test. In addition, presence of Ni was also discussed to understand IMC formation in this microstructure. Multi reflow (at time zero, 1×, 3×) and thermal cycling test were performed for this evaluation. Metallurgy and growth kinetics of IMC were compared at different thermal cycling. The results show that SnAg bump with ENEPIG pad finish have more Cu consumption than ENIG after pre-con. ENEPIG pad finish exhibits crack formed between (Ni, Cu)6Sn5 and P-rich layer. The detailed influence of Ni with various pad finish on the growth kinetics of IMC formation was investigated and discussed.
Post-rift compressional reactivation potential of passive margins and extensional basins

Abstract Poly-phase deformation of a compressional nature is a common feature in the post-rift evolution of passive margins and rifts. The compressional mode of deformation in these sedimentary basins, originally formed by extension in an intraplate setting, is characterized by a spectrum of spatial wavelengths spanning several tens of kilometres up to several hundreds of kilometres. The actual mode of compressional deformation appears to be strongly affected by the rheological structure of the underlying lithosphere, the level of the regional intraplate stress field, and the geometry of the rifted basin configuration prior to late-stage compressional reactivation. The interplay of plumes and intraplate compressional deformation can lead to temporal transitions from basin inversion to lithospheric folding. These modes of deformation lead to substantial differential vertical motions, late-stage anomalies in subsidence and uplift patterns. The development of innovative combinations of numerical and analogue modelling techniques is the key to differentiating different modes of compressional deformation of passive margins and extensional basins.
Pre-service teachers self-efficacy for alternative assessment

Since the paradigm of teaching and learning has been changed in Turkey as well as in many countries throughout the world , the primary curriculum introduced in the 2005 2006 academic year considered constructivism as a model. Through these changes, the importance and use of alternative assessment strategies are also emphasised. This brought the issue of training pre-service teachers in which they can use these strategies effectively when they become teachers. Many researchers agree that self-efficacy is one of the determining issues in understanding pre-service teachers’ actual behaviour in practice. This research aims to investigate pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy on alternative assessment. This study is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (project number 112K321). Data are collected from the primary pre-service teachers in CanakkaleOnsekiz Mart University. The ‘Selfefficacy Scale for Alternative Assessment’ developed by the author was administered to pre-service teachers. In addition to this, 7 preservice teachers are also interviewed to elaborate the issues raised in the scale. Findings revealed that pre-service teachers have high selfefficacy regarding the use of alternative assessment. Among the pre-service teachers, there is no statistically significant difference regarding gender and regarding their educational background. Pre-service teachers’ responses to the interviews also supported the findings from the quantitative part of this research. Although pre-service teachers indicated that the nature of the subject and students’ level will influence their way of using alternative assessment strategies, they all claimed that they will use these strategies when they become teachers.
Hyperventilation in response to progressive reduction in central blood volume to near syncope.

INTRODUCTION There is little evidence to support the usefulness in monitoring respiration during casualty triage and transport as an early indicator of hemorrhage severity and trauma patient outcome. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that hyperventilation can be elicited by progressive reductions in central blood volume independent of metabolic stimuli. METHODS Progressive central hypovolemia was induced in 10 healthy subjects (5 men, 5 women) by applying lower body negative pressure (LBNP). The LBNP protocol consisted of a 5-min controlled rest period (0% LBNP) followed by progressive 5-min chamber decompressions until the onset of hemodynamic decompensation (LBNP(max)). During each LBNP stage, total minute ventilation volume (V(E)), tidal volume (V(T)), respiratory rate, oxygen uptake (Vo2), end-tidal CO2 (E(T)co2), arterial oxygen saturation (S(p)o2), and venous blood pH and lactate were measured. RESULTS Compared with baseline, Vo2, S(p)o2, Po2, Pco2, pH, and lactate were unaltered throughout LBNP. V(E) was unaltered through 80% of LBNP tolerance, but increased by 54% during LBNP(max) as a result primarily of elevated V(T), while E(T)Co2 was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Increased V(E) at LBNP(max) combined with reduced E(T)co2 in the absence of changes in blood and systemic metabolic stimuli support the hypothesis that severe reductions in central blood volume drive hyperventilation. The endogenous "respiratory pump" may be a protective strategy to optimize cardiac filling in conditions of central hypovolemic hypotension, but its late appearance indicates that respiratory parameters may not be useful as a clinical metric for early prediction of patient outcome during hemorrhage.
New color image enhancement method for endoscopic images

This paper presents a simple and efficient color image enhancement method for endoscopic images. The proposed image enhancement method works by two interrelated steps: image enhancement at gray level and color reproduction. At, first, the captured RGB endoscopic image is converted into 2 dimensional gray level spectral images using a well-known method called FICE (Fuji Intelligent Color Enhancement). In the next stage the image with maximum entropy is selected as the base image to be used for color reproduction. Maximum entropy value indicates the maximum enhanced image. In color reproduction, the entire chrominance map of a source image is transferred into the base image by matching luminance and texture information between two images. The distance between luminance components of target (base image) and source images are calculated using 2-norm Euclidean distance. The proposed color image enhancement method is compared with popular narrow-band imaging on the scale of image quality, image enhancement, simulation speed and efficiency of color reproduction and distortion. The proposed method can be applied on any RGB images collected from any white light endoscopic devices. Is highlights the tissue characterization on the surface part of base endoscopic image that enables better diagnosis.
Keys to reduce earnings management in emerging markets

This paper examines earnings quality adapted to International Financial Reporting Standards in Mexican emerging capital market and how investor protection and audit quality to override managers’ incentives to engage in earnings management. We evidence that the new accounting regulation could be considered of high quality financial reporting standard because it is associated with lower earnings management. The analyses also suggest that cross-listed firms have higher quality local generally accepted accounting principles accounting information as measured by earnings management. There is also evidence that earnings of Mexican companies with Big 4 auditors are of higher quality. The results contribute to the ongoing debate on whether high standards are sufficient and effective in countries with weaker investor protection rights.
Energy efficient and low-latency data collection in TDMA-based WSN

Data collection is a basic application of wireless sensor networks, where every sensor node collects data and then forwards data to the Sink node through a multi-hop path. In traditional TDMA scheduling, sensors consume extra energy because of the state transitions which occur numerous times in a TDMA frame. And the longer the length of a TDMA frame, the longer duration of a data collection and the larger of time latency. For the problem mentioned above, Slot Reuse Continuous Link Scheduling problem is proposed in this paper, and then formalized into a cross-layer optimization problem involving the network, medium access control, and physical layers with the objective of maximizing the energy efficiency. We transform the problem into two sub-problems: constructing a data collection tree; joint power control and link scheduling for the data collection tree. Based on an existing data collection tree, we propose an algorithm for allocating a continuous slot and transmission power on every link. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can shorten the duration of a data collection process, reduce the number of state transitions and energy consumption, improve network energy efficiency when compared with other existing data collection strategies.
Left-to-right asymmetry of aerosol deposition after shallow bolus inhalation depends on lung ventilation.

BACKGROUND After shallow bolus inhalation of radiolabeled aerosols, gamma camera imaging has shown a left-right asymmetry, with a higher fraction of deposited particles in the left lung. It was not clear, however, whether this phenomenon was an effect of asymmetry in lung ventilation or aerosol deposition efficiency. METHODS Lung ventilation and aerosol deposition was studied after shallow bolus inhalation and gamma camera imaging in nine healthy nonsmokers and 10 asymptomatic smokers. A 100-mL (81m)Kr-gas boli were administered within the Fowler and within the phase-1 dead space, respectively. In addition, 1-L full breaths of 81m-Kr-gas were inhaled. For aerosol deposition subjects inhaled 100-mL boli of 100-nm diameter radiolabeled carbon particles with shallow and deep penetration. Left-to-right (L/R) and central-to-peripheral (C/P) activity distribution of the lung was analyzed. RESULTS None of the parameters analyzed were significantly different between nonsmokers and smokers. The full-breath 81m-Kr-gas inhalation revealed a similar activity distribution over the left and right lungs, according to their respective volumes (L/R ratio = 0.84 +/- 0.04; mean +/- SE). In contrast, the shallow bolus inhalation of 81m-Kr-gas to the phase-1 dead space revealed more activity in the left lung (L/R ratio = 1.49 +/- 0.15, normalized to full-breath Kr-gas L/R). This same left-right asymmetry was observed for the aerosol after shallow bolus inhalation (L/R ratio = 1.69 +/- 0.15), and there was no significant difference between Kr-gas and aerosol L/R ratio. C/P activity ratios of bolus inhalation to the phase-1 dead space were 1.71 +/- 0.19 and 1.79 +/- 0.15 (normalized to full-breath Kr-gas C/P) for gas and aerosol, respectively, and correlated with the L/R ratios. CONCLUSIONS The data show that the asymmetry in shallow aerosol bolus deposition is primarily determined by lung ventilation. The reason for this asymmetry is unclear.
Managing Volunteers in Canadian Community Sport Organizations

This study examined the use of human resource management (HRM) practices with volunteers in Canadian Community Sport Organizations (CSOs). Using the Volunteer Management Inventory (VMI; Cuskelly, Taylor, Hoye & Darcy, 2006), 219 leaders of associations in basketball, curling, ice hockey, skating, skiing, swimming, and volleyball participated in this study and identified current trends in HRM practices and perceived issues in the retention of volunteers. Data collected was analyzed using mean and descriptive statistics, T-tests, ANOVAs, and regression analyses. Results indicate that there is a varying use of HRM practices amongst the organizations, and also a significant correlation between the use of HRM practices and the retention of volunteers, particularly board members. Implications and future research directions are discussed regarding how HRM practices and principles may be applied to CSOs. Managing Volunteers in Canadian Community Sport Organizations iii
Multidisciplinary management of malignant pleural effusion

Approximately 50% of patients with metastatic disease develop a malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Prompt clinical evaluation and treatment to achieve successful palliation are the main goals of management of MPE. Optimal treatment is still controversial and there is no universal standard approach. Management options include observation, thoracentesis, indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) or chest tube placement, pleurodesis, and surgical pleurectomy. The treatment for each patient should be based on symptoms, general condition, and life expectancy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:731–738. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survey Research and Membership in Voluntary Associations

National surveys of the American electorate conducted regularly since the 1950s do not reflect accurately the growth of the public's involvement in voluntary associations. The problem stems from continued use of standard forms of the question which were last revised in the 1960s. A revised version of the question that takes into account financial contributions and multiple affiliations within group types reveals much greater participation in the American group system. New forms of affiliation have increased the relative importance of certain types of groups more than others. Labor unions, for example, are relatively unaffected by these changes, but charitable and other types of groups are heavily affected. As previous researchers have found, participation in voluntary associations leads to greater political participation, especially where individuals perceive political activities within their groups.
Global Liquidity Transmission to Emerging Market Economies, and Their Policy Responses

This paper analyzes the transmission of global liquidity (GL) from advanced economies (AEs) to emerging market economies (EMEs). We distill GL momenta from the macro-financial data of AEs through a factor model and identify them with sign restrictions as policy-driven, market-driven, and risk averseness factors. Using a panel factor-augmented VAR analysis, we then investigate EME responses to shocks to GL momenta. A positive shock to policy-driven liquidity boosts growth in EMEs, elevating stock prices and currency values, while a shock to risk averseness has a largely opposite effect. A market-driven GL expansion boosts stock markets and lowers funding costs, increasing competitiveness and current account balance. Inflation targeting EMEs are found to fare better than EMEs under alternative regimes in terms of macro-financial volatility.
Multiple Sexual Victimizations Among Adolescent Boys and Girls: Prevalence and Associations with Eating Behaviors and Psychological Health

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sexual abuse, including multiple victimizations, among adolescents and to examine associations among history of sexual abuse, disordered eating behaviors and psychological health. The sample included 81,247 students (40,946 girls and 40,301 boys) in 9th and 12th grades in Minnesota public schools. Sexual abuse was reported by 14.7% of girls and 6.2% of boys. Sexual abuse was associated with unhealthy eating behaviors, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and lower emotional well-being and self-esteem. Students who reported a single or multiple forms of sexual abuse were more likely than their non-abused peers to binge-eat (Odds Ratio: girls = 1.93–2.21; boys = 2.26–5.61), fast (OR: girls = 1.68–2.34; boys = 1.33–2.32), use diet pills (OR: girls = 1.50–4.30; boys = 2.99–17.29) or laxatives (OR: girls = 1.87–5.11; boys = 3.89–29.22), vomit (OR: girls = 1.75–4.06; boys = 2.82–24.16), and have suicidal thoughts/attempts (OR: girls = 3.01–6.12; boys = 3.35–9.46). Boys and girls reporting multiple sexual victimizations had the highest odds ratios for disordered eating behaviors. Future research should explore strategies for primary prevention of revictimization and secondary prevention of detrimental effects of abuse.
Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for children with acute leukemia.

PURPOSE To test the use of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation (URD BMT) to cure children with high-risk acute leukemias. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between June 1985 and December 1994, 50 children with acute leukemia (15 acute myelogenous leukemia [AML], 35 acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL]; 22 greater than second complete remission [CR]) received BMT from a URD at the University of Minnesota. Ages ranged from 0.9 to 17.5 years (median, 8.8). Median follow-up is 2.1 years (range, 1 to 7.3). Thirty patients (60%) received bone marrow fully matched at HLA-A,B and DRB1; 20 (40%) received bone marrow with a major or minor mismatch at a single HLA-A or B locus. RESULTS The median time to neutrophil engraftment was day 24 (range, 14 to 42 days) in those receiving matched and day 25 (range, 15 to 32 days) in those receiving mismatched marrow (P = .35). The incidence of grades III to IV graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7% to 39%) in matched and 32% (95% CI, 8% to 52%) in HLA-mismatched patients (P = .57). The incidence of chronic GVHD was 50% (95% CI, 28% to 72%) in matched and 57% (95% CI, 23% to 91%) in mismatched patients (P = .80). Disease-free survival for patients with ALL is 37% (95% CI, 21% to 53%) at 1 year and 30% (95% CI, 15% to 46%) at 2 years; for patients with AML, 53% (95% CI, 28% to 78%) at 1 year and 33% (95% CI, 6% to 60%) at 2 years. CONCLUSION URD BMT is an effective treatment for children with poor-prognosis acute leukemia and should be considered for all high-risk patients. Early referral of patients is strongly recommended.
A detection of wobbling brightest cluster galaxies within massive galaxy clusters

A striking signal of dark matter beyond the standard model is the existence of cores in the centre of galaxy clusters. Recent simulations predict that a brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) inside a cored galaxy cluster will exhibit residual wobbling due to previous major mergers, long after the relaxation of the overall cluster. This phenomenon is absent with standard cold dark matter where a cuspy density profile keeps a BCG tightly bound at the centre. We test this hypothesis using cosmological simulations and deep observations of 10 galaxy clusters acting as strong gravitational lenses. Modelling the BCG wobble as a simple harmonic oscillator, we measure the wobble amplitude, Aw, in the BAHAMAS suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, finding an upper limit for the cold dark matter paradigm of Aw < 2 kpc at the 95 per cent confidence limit. We carry out the same test on the data finding a non-zero amplitude of Aw=11.82+7.3−3.0 kpc, with the observations dis-favouring Aw = 0 at the 3σ confidence level. This detection of BCG wobbling is evidence for a dark matter core at the heart of galaxy clusters. It also shows that strong lensing models of clusters cannot assume that the BCG is exactly coincident with the large-scale halo. While our small sample of galaxy clusters already indicates a non-zero Aw, with larger surveys, e.g. Euclid, we will be able to not only confirm the effect but also to use it to determine whether or not the wobbling finds its origin in new fundamental physics or astrophysical process.
Unintended effects of changes in NIH appropriations : challenges for biomedical research workforce development

The U.S. government doubled NIH appropriations between 1998 and 2003, aiming to foster research activities in biomedicine. However, a series of current indicators demonstrate growing threats to the quality and stability of the biomedical research workforce. Compared to predoubling conditions, researchers now spend more time writing grant proposals, leaving less time for carrying out research. Paradoxically, the probability with which a grant proposal is accepted for funding deteriorated sharply after NIH’s budget doubling. The average age of first-time NIH grant recipients has increased by almost a decade since the early 70’s, while the percentage of biomedical doctorates securing tenured positions continues to drop. In this paper, we develop a system dynamics simulation model of research activities as affected by government grants. We calibrate the model to the historical trends in U.S. biomedical research. Simulating the model, we test and provide support for the hypothesis that a sudden increase in research funds can result in unintended long-term effects hampering research discoveries and workforce development. The model is then used to carry out counterfactual analysis, bringing insights aimed at improving the effectiveness of government research spending.