Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Handcrafted vs Deep Learning Classification for Scalable Video QoE Modeling

Mobile video traffic is dominant in cellular and enterprise wireless networks. With the advent of diverse applications, network administrators face the challenge to provide high QoE in the face of diverse wireless conditions and application contents. Yet, state-of-the-art networks lack analytics for QoE, as this requires support from the application or user feedback. While there are existing techniques to map QoS to QoE by training machine learning models without requiring user feedback, these techniques are limited to only few applications, due to insufficient QoE ground-truth annotation for ML. To address these limitations, we focus on video telephony applications and model key artefacts of spatial and temporal video QoE. Our key contribution is designing content- and device-independent metrics and training across diverse WiFi conditions. We show that our metrics achieve a median 90% accuracy by comparing with mean-opinion-score from more than 200 users and 800 video samples over three popular video telephony applications -- Skype, FaceTime and Google Hangouts. We further extend our metrics by using deep neural networks, more specifically we use a combined CNN and LSTM model. We achieve a median accuracy of 95% by combining our QoE metrics with the deep learning model, which is a 38% improvement over the state-of-the-art well known techniques.
Progress in Brain Computer Interface: Challenges and Opportunities

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) provide a direct communication link between the brain and a computer or other external devices. They offer an extended degree of freedom either by strengthening or by substituting human peripheral working capacity and have potential applications in various fields such as rehabilitation, affective computing, robotics, gaming, and neuroscience. Significant research efforts on a global scale have delivered common platforms for technology standardization and help tackle highly complex and non-linear brain dynamics and related feature extraction and classification challenges. Time-variant psycho-neurophysiological fluctuations and their impact on brain signals impose another challenge for BCI researchers to transform the technology from laboratory experiments to plug-and-play daily life. This review summarizes state-of-the-art progress in the BCI field over the last decades and highlights critical challenges.
DMC-Net: Generating Discriminative Motion Cues for Fast Compressed Video Action Recognition

Motion has shown to be useful for video understanding, where motion is typically represented by optical flow. However, computing flow from video frames is very timeconsuming. Recent works directly leverage the motion vectors and residuals readily available in the compressed video to represent motion at no cost. While this avoids flow computation, it also hurts accuracy since the motion vector is noisy and has substantially reduced resolution, which makes it a less discriminative motion representation. To remedy these issues, we propose a lightweight generator network, which reduces noises in motion vectors and captures fine motion details, achieving a more Discriminative Motion Cue (DMC) representation. Since optical flow is a more accurate motion representation, we train the DMC generator to approximate flow using a reconstruction loss and a generative adversarial loss, jointly with the downstream action classification task. Extensive evaluations on three action recognition benchmarks (HMDB-51, UCF-101, and a subset of Kinetics) confirm the effectiveness of our method. Our full system, consisting of the generator and the classifier, is coined as DMC-Net which obtains high accuracy close to that of using flow and runs two orders of magnitude faster than using optical flow at inference time.
Destroying Bicolored P3s by Deleting Few Edges

We introduce and study the Bicolored $P_3$ Deletion problem defined as follows. The input is a graph $G=(V,E)$ where the edge set $E$ is partitioned into a set $E_r$ of red edges and a set $E_b$ of blue edges. The question is whether we can delete at most $k$ edges such that $G$ does not contain a bicolored $P_3$ as an induced subgraph. Here, a bicolored $P_3$ is a path on three vertices with one blue and one red edge. We show that Bicolored $P_3$ Deletion is NP-hard and cannot be solved in $2^{o(|V|+|E|)}$ time on bounded-degree graphs if the ETH is true. Then, we show that Bicolored $P_3$ Deletion is polynomial-time solvable when $G$ does not contain a bicolored $K_3$, that is, a triangle with edges of both colors. Moreover, we provide a polynomial-time algorithm for the case that $G$ contains no blue $P_3$, red $P_3$, blue $K_3$, and red $K_3$. Finally, we show that Bicolored $P_3$ Deletion can be solved in $ O(1.84^k\cdot |V| \cdot |E|)$ time and that it admits a kernel with $ O(k\Delta\min(k,\Delta))$ vertices, where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of $G$. Comment: 25 pages
Accelerated Point-Wise Maximum Approach to Approximate Dynamic Programming

In this article, we describe an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach to compute lower bounds on the optimal value function for a discrete time, continuous space, and infinite horizon setting. The approach iteratively constructs a family of lower bounding approximate value functions by using the so-called Bellman inequality. The novelty of our approach is that, at each iteration, we aim to compute an approximate value function that maximizes the point-wise maximum taken with the family of approximate value functions computed thus far. This leads to a nonconvex objective, and we propose a gradient ascent algorithm to find stationary points by solving a sequence of convex optimization problems. We provide convergence guarantees for our algorithm and an interpretation for how the gradient computation relates to the state-relevance weighting parameter appearing in related ADP approaches. We demonstrate through numerical examples that, when compared to the existing approaches, the algorithm we propose computes tighter suboptimality bounds with comparable computation time.
Education and Religious Beliefs: Supportive Determinants in the Understanding of Health Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract In the aftermath of the 1978 WHO conference where the Alma Ata Declaration on primary health care was issued, the Cameroonian government was striving to guarantee equity in health care by developing a policy targeting social justice and assurance of “health for all” by 2000s. From this, a research programme based on health in the urban milieu was conceived in 2000 to address the population’s state of health. The epidemiological and transversal study was carried out in April-May 2005 on children aged between 6 and 59 months in Yaoundé (Cameroon). The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors predisposing people to diarrheas in the city, to measure their prevalence, and ascertain their spatial distribution, all in a bid to evaluate the progress made in infant health since 1978. The microbiological analyses carried out revealed an average diarrhea prevalence rate of 14.4% (437 cases of diarrhea on the 3034 infants tested). Amongst many other factors, the level of education and the religious belief of the household head were seen to be associated with the occurrence of infants’ diarrhea. In addition, it was acknowledged that the level of diarrhea infection in the city varies considerably from one household to another.
Neuronal function of Alzheimer's protein

Cleavage products of an Alzheimer's disease protein are involved in synaptic homeostasis For a long time, the huge importance of the cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), amyloid-β (Aβ), in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (1) has occluded the view of the physiological function of APP. But over the years, it has become clear that APP and its proteolytic products have important physiological functions (2) during brain development or in the adult brain in processes of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity (3) and possibly even protection against neurodegeneration (4, 5). On page 143 of this issue, Rice et al. (6) discovered that a sushi-containing neurotransmitter receptor in the brain, GABABR1a (γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1a), has a new interaction partner, APP. This provides important insights about the physiological function of APP and might open new avenues to treat AD—not only through targeting Aβ but also by strengthening alternate routes of cleaving APP and utilizing nonamylogenic pathways.
Cell-autonomous clock of astrocytes drives circadian behavior in mammals

Astrocytes can drive the master clock in the brain The neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus function as a central circadian clock, coordinating mammalian physiology with the 24-hour light-dark cycle. Brancaccio et al. found that these neurons have help from neighboring astrocytes (see the Perspective by Green). In mice lacking the Cry gene, which encodes a critical clock component, restoration of Cry expression and molecular clock function in the astrocytes, but not the neighboring neurons, restored rhythmic transcriptional oscillations in the SCN and reestablished circadian behaviors in the mice. Science, this issue p. 187; see also p. 124 Brain astrocytes can keep brain circadian functions running even in the absence of other cellular clocks. Circadian (~24-hour) rhythms depend on intracellular transcription-translation negative feedback loops (TTFLs). How these self-sustained cellular clocks achieve multicellular integration and thereby direct daily rhythms of behavior in animals is largely obscure. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the fulcrum of this pathway from gene to cell to circuit to behavior in mammals. We describe cell type–specific, functionally distinct TTFLs in neurons and astrocytes of the SCN and show that, in the absence of other cellular clocks, the cell-autonomous astrocytic TTFL alone can drive molecular oscillations in the SCN and circadian behavior in mice. Astrocytic clocks achieve this by reinstating clock gene expression and circadian function of SCN neurons via glutamatergic signals. Our results demonstrate that astrocytes can autonomously initiate and sustain complex mammalian behavior.
Finite phenine nanotubes with periodic vacancy defects

Toward nanotubes with periodic gaps Carbon nanotubes consist of a continuous array of benzene rings fused along their edges. It is not straightforward to excise regular fragments in a top-down fashion to produce periodic gaps. Sun et al. showcase the beginnings of a bottom-up strategy toward this end. They used borylations and catalytic cross-coupling chemistry to prepare a discrete cylindrical carbon compound composed of 40 benzene rings bonded to one another at the 1, 3, and 5 positions to leave regular void spaces in the walls. Catenation of multiple similar segments could ultimately lead to an extended nanotube with periodic wall defects. Science, this issue p. 151 A discrete porous tube-shaped compound composed of 40 benzene rings has been rationally synthesized. Discrete graphitic carbon compounds serve as tunable models for the properties of extended macromolecular structures such as nanotubes. Here, we report synthesis and characterization of a cylindrical C304H264 molecule composed of 40 benzene (phenine) units mutually bonded at the 1, 3, and 5 positions. The concise nine-step synthesis featuring successive borylations and couplings proceeded with an average yield for each benzene-benzene bond formation of 91%. The molecular structure of the nanometer-sized cylinder with periodic vacancy defects was confirmed spectroscopically and crystallographically. The nanoporous nature of the compound further enabled inclusion of multiple fullerene guests. Computations suggest that fusing many such cylinders could produce carbon nanotubes with electronic properties modulated by the periodic vacancy defects.
Prevalence of Uropathogens In Various Age Groups & Their Resistance Pattern In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Central India

s: Background: The prevalence of multidrug resistance among uropathogens in rapidly increasing. Analysis of the prevalence in various age groups and the common antimicrobial co-resistance pattern of uropathogens isolated from patients in a tertiary care hospital would have important implication for patient care. Methods: A total of 1383 urine samples received during year 2010 were processed. Urine microscopy & culture was done using standard microbiological techniques. Organisms were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done as per CLSI guidelines.Results: A total of 426 uropathogens were isolated. E coli were seen in 65.96 % (most common) followed by Klebsiella spp. 12.44%. Enterococcus was the commonest Gram positive isolate (5.86%). Urinary tract infection (UTI) was seen in 59.86% females as compared to 40.14% males. Average antimicrobial resistance for E.coli 75.74%, Klebsiella spp. 47.45%, Proteus 65.54%, Pseudomonas 75.89%, Enterococci 66.54%, Staphylococcus aureus 39.28%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 47.79%. [ Soni R NJIRM 2011; 2(4) : 7-10]
Increasing Detection and Confirmation of Tuberculosis in Children in Southern Ethiopia: Pooled Samples Tested Using Microscopy and Xpert

Background: Childhood tuberculosis accounts for about 10% of estimated TB cases in the world. Despite advances in diagnostics, childhood TB remains a challenge. We evaluated pooling method and testing with GeneXpert MTB/RIF in southern Ethiopia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in presumptive TB children < 15 years. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Two sputum or gastric aspirate sample were collected and examined by ZN and Xpert MTB/RIF for 1st, 2nd and pooled samples. Results: Of 340 presumptive TB cases enrolled, 96 and 244 children submitted gastric aspirate and sputum samples respectively. Of 1020 samples collected (282 gastric aspirate and 738 sputum samples), 38 (3.7%) were positive by Xpert (10 (3.5%) from gastric aspirate and 28 (3.8%) from sputum sample). Similarly, 8 (1.2%) of sputum samples were positive by ZN but none from gastric aspirate. Of 244 children who submitted sputum samples, 3 (1.2%) were bacteriologically positive compared to 12 (4.9%) by Xpert. Of 96 children who submitted gastric aspirate samples, none were positive by ZN while 5 (5.2%) were positive by Xpert. Of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases 0.9% was by ZN and 4.7% by Xpert, an increase of 3.8%. Pooled testing increased positivity by 0.3% for ZN and 1.5% by Xpert compared to the 1st sample. Conclusions: Xpert MTB/RIF testing increases yield compared to ZN testing for gastric aspirate samples. The same-day approach and pooling samples improves efficient use of cartridge, reduce the number of visits for seeking diagnosis and save resources.
BER performance of 2-D-RAKE receivers with power control error in Nakagami fading channels

It is well known that power control is critical in CDMA mobile systems and the power control error (PCE) exists in spite of power control methods being used. In this paper, the closed-form expressions of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the average bit error rate (BER) are derived for a two-dimensional (2-D)-RAKE receiver with imperfect power control in a frequency-selective Nakagami fading channel. The combined impact of PCE, multipath Nakagami fading, spatial and temporal diversity order, and multiple-access interference on the system performance has been analyzed for all kinds of fading environments. The simulation results indicate that the BER performance degrade due to PCE. But increasing spatial and temporal diversity order can possibly compensate for the performance loss when PCE is not very serious. The exact performance improvement due to space-time processing varies with the PCE and the fading environment.
In Search of the Elusive ADDIE Model

n instructional technology (IT) and instructional design (ID), one of the questions most frequently raised is, “What is the original source for the ADDIE Model? ” Students, fellow professors, and practicing professionals are often interested in finding an authoritative source to cite in papers and to provide to clients. Practitioners tend to be curious about the pedigree of the term: Is it from academia? Business? Military?
Psychotherapeutic Trials Specific to Women with Breast Cancer

Abstract This state-of-the-science article focuses on psychothera-peutic interventions specific to women with breast cancer that were published between 1995 and 1998. Following a brief synopsis of psy-chotherapeutic interventions for women with breast cancer published between 1974 and 1994, the author highlights what is known and elucidates knowledge gaps in the literature. By crystallizing the focus of scholarly inquiries about therapeutic research on breast cancer since 1994 and by addressing the most salient methodological issues and knowledge gaps, the article addresses the urgent need to identify the treatment modalities most likely to provide the greatest potential for use by clinicians and facilitates the application of research to practice.
Deep vein thrombosis in joint replacement surgeries-A prospective analysis

Results: The incidence of DVT in the study was 6.4%. Factors like increase in age, increased preoperative & postoperative immobility due to hip fractures, bilateral knee surgeries, patients undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty and patients not given any form of prophylaxis showed increased incidence of DVT. Postoperative chemoprophylaxis for patients who underwent arthroplasty showed a reduction in the incidence of DVT (3.8%). All the comorbid conditions which were considered as risk factors were not significantly associated with increased incidence of DVT. DVT presented early or late postoperatively with the average time gap of 19.7 days. DVT was common in the operated limb, and proximal DVT was more common.
Operative treatment of intra-articular fractures of distal radius

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of operative treatment of intra-articular fractures of distal radius. Methods According to different types of AO/ASIF classification, 35 cases of intra-articular fractures of distal radius were operated with open reduction and T-shaped plate fixation, and close reduction with external fixation or plus Kirshner's wire fixation. Results 35 cases were followed up for 5~16 months. According to Dinest's evaluation of wrist score system, the excellent and good rate was 84.2%, which was 15/17 in plating group, 11/13 in external fixator group and 4/5 in external fixator and K-wire group. Conclusions According to different types of intra-articular fractures of the distal radius, approprate treatment is essential for maintenance of the length of the radius, the smoothness of the articular surface, the palmar and ulnar deviation angles and for obtaining satisfactory outcome.
A Dynamic-Image Computational Approach for Modeling the Spine

We propose a dynamic-image driven computational approach for the modeling and simulation of the spine. We use static and dynamic medical images, computational methods and anatomic knowledge to accurately model and measure the subject-specific dynamic behavior of structures in the spine. The resulting models have applications in biomechanical simulations, computer animation, and orthopaedic surgery. We first develop a semi-automated motion reconstruction method for measuring 3D motion with sub-millimeter accuracy. The automation of the method enables the study of subject-specific spine kinematics over large groups of population. The accuracy of the method enables the modeling and analysis of small anatomical features that are difficult to capture in-vivo using existing imaging techniques. We then develop a set of computational tools to model spine soft-tissue structures. We build dynamic-motion driven geometric models that combine the complementary strengths of the accurate but static models used in orthopaedics and the dynamic but low level-of-detail multibody simulations used in humanoid computer animation. Leveraging dynamic images and reconstructed motion, this approach allows the modeling and analysis anatomical features that are too small to be imaged in-vivo and of their dynamic behavior. Finally, we generate predictive, subject-specific models of healthy and symptomatic spines. The predictive models help to identify, understand and validate hypotheses about spine disorders.
A Multi-Fidelity Workflow to Derive Physics-Based Conceptual Design Methods

The present study developed a multi-fidelity workflow to derive physics-based conceptual design methods from models of higher-fidelity usually employed during preliminary aircraft design. The multi-fidelity workflow consists of a design of experiments, a multi-fidelity loop, and symbolic regression as surrogate modeling technique. Results are presented for conventional and unconventional aircraft configurations.
Nuclear instrumentation for a soft X-ray detection system on a small satellite, CATSAT

Nuclear instrumentation has been designed and tested for a large field of view soft X-ray sensor utilizing Si Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs). The instrument will be launched on a low cost satellite mission in mid 1998. The mission's primary scientific objective is to determine the distance scale to the sources of cosmic gamma ray bursts by utilizing interstellar absorption effects observable in their X-ray emission at energies below 2 keV. The soft X-ray (SXR) sensor incorporates 7 identical panels, each with 16 APDs collectively collimated to a 1 steradian field of view. The SXR panels are radiatively cooled to -35 degrees C, and taken together, view a full hemisphere. The instrumentation for each of the sensors in the SXR detector includes a low noise, charge sensitive preamplifier/shaping amplifier and an Analog Electronics Unit (AEU) containing a voltage amplifier, peak track and hold circuit, and threshold-timing logic. Each panel has an Analog to Digital Interface (ADI) based on an FPGA, which controls the digitization of the event amplitudes, implements the In-Flight Calibration (IFC) for each APD, and coordinates the data output to and command input from the instrument CPU.