Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Dimensional Mathematical Model of Tumor Angiogenesis: Coupling of Avascular Growth and Vascularization

Introduction As a tumor grows, the demand for oxygen and nutrients increases and it grows further if acquires the ability to induce angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to present a two-dimensional continuous mathematical model for avascular tumor growth, coupled with a discrete model of angiogenesis. Materials and Methods In the avascular growth model, tumor is considered as a single mass, which uptakes oxygen through diffusion and invades the extracellular matrix (ECM). After the tumor reaches its maximum size in the avascular growth phase, tumor cells may be in three different states (proliferative, quiescent and apoptotic), depending on oxygen availability. Quiescent cells are assumed to secrete tumor angiogenic factors, which diffuse into the surrounding tissue until reaching endothelial cells. The mathematical model for tumor angiogenesis is consisted of a five-point finite difference scheme to simulate the progression of endothelial cells in ECM and their penetration into the tumor. Results The morphology of produced networks was investigated, based on various ECM degradation patterns. The generated capillary networks involved the rules of microvascular branching and anastomosis. Model predictions were in qualitative agreement with experimental observations and might have implications as a supplementary model to facilitate mathematical analyses for anti-cancer therapies. Conclusion Our numerical simulations could facilitate the qualitative comparison between three layers of tumor cells, their TAF-producing abilities and subsequent penetration of micro-vessels in order to determine the dynamics of microvascular branching and anastomosis in ECM and three different parts of the tumor.
Predicting future earnings with the effective tax rate.

Management should make estimations about their annu al effective tax rate, when issuing an interim report. This estimated annual effective tax r te should then be applied to the profit before tax to compute the total tax expense for a c ertain quarter. Estimating the annual effective tax rate also incorporates estimations ab out future income, since the effective tax rate is calculated as the total tax expense divided by the total accounting profit. Thus, estimations about the effective tax rate give finan ci l statement users an insight into the firms’ expected future results. According to prior researc h for listed companies in the United States, the effective tax rate, disclosed in an interim rep ort, has predictive value about future earnings. However, it is not empirically investigat ed that those forecasts give an insight in future earnings for Dutch listed companies. Contrar y to prior research in the United States, the present study does not find evidence that the effec tive tax rate, disclosed in quarterly reports, has any predictive value about future earnings. It could be argued that the different results arise due to the fact that there is no obligation t o independently check the interim reports in The Netherlands. In contrast to Dutch companies, US companies are required to engage an independent auditor to review the interim financial s. Another argument for the different results is that only a small percentage of the Dutc h listed companies report in accordance with IAS 34 with regard to income tax disclosures.
Momentum in the Tunisian stocks returns: identification of some risk factors

This paper first examines to what extend the most puzzling phenomenon of stock returns momentum, may also concern emerging and little markets, such the Tunisian one, which accounts slightly less than 100 listed securities. The results indicate a pronounced and even stronger momentum effect that allows an average monthly return of about 2.43% (compared to 1% documented by Jegadeesh and Titman in the American stocks’markets). Secondly, the study examines the sensitivity of the documented momentum’ profits to some risk factors using as benchmark the CAPM and the Fama and French three-factor model. The results are revealing. Since, and contrary to the rebellious developed markets’ momentums profits, the market and the size factors seem accounting for the Tunisian momentum profits.
Management and control program for suppression and eradication of classical swine fever in Serbia.

Classical swine fever (CSF) has been present in Serbia for a long period of time as an endemic disease, and it occurs with lesser or greater intensity from year to year. Since it is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild pigs, the outbreaks of the disease causes severe consequences for animal welfare, livestock production and economic losses to the national economies in countries where it occurs. Therefore, CSF has a great epizootiological and economic importance to the swine production, primarily because of trade restrictions for live pigs and pork products. CSF eradication and control programmes are generally based on vaccination strategies in countries with endemic occurrence of CSF or non-vaccination policies in contries wich successfully eradicated or are free of CSF. Whatever the general eradication stategy is in place, in the case of an outbreak of CSF the stamping-out method is used for suppression and eradication of the disease, with strict implementation of specific veterinary-sanitary measures in the infected and surveillance zones, clearly defined by legal provisions. In the period before 2006, there were certain regions in Serbia where CSF occurred almost every year, including regions where pig farming was not the primary branch of animal husbandry. Pig identification and implementation of vaccination, as well as the control of trade of pigs from infected areas to other parts of the country were not very successful. Due to the serious losses inflicted by the disease, a new Programme of CSF control was adopted in 2006, which inter alia included the obligatory identification of pigs, registration of pig holdings and free of charge vaccination of all susceptible animals in the country, as well as the implementation of other statutory measures, including obligatory evidence of veterinary activities in the national Veterinary information system. The results obtained in the period after the implementation of the Programme of CSF control (2007, 2008 and 2009) indicate a positive impact on the reduction of outbreaks of CSF, as well as on the reduction of prevalence (p<0.001). Also, the effectiveness of vaccination of pigs in 2007 compared to the period before and after the implementation of the Programme was the highest (97.78%), as well as the costs of its implementation.
Performance Index and Economic Efficiency of SASSO C44 Broilers Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Dried Blood-Rumen Content Mixture to Replace Roasted Soybean Meal

This experiment was carried out to evaluate performance index and economic efficiency of broiler chicks fed diets containing dried blood rumen content mixtures (DBRCM) as a replacement for roasted soybean meal (RSBM). A total of 225 unsexed day-old broiler chicks (SASSO C44) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 15 birds per replicate. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 100% RSBM+0%DBRCM (T1), 80%RSBM+ 20% DBRCM (T2), 60% RSBM + 40% DBRCM (T3), 40% RSBM + 60% DBRCM(T4) and 20% RSBM+ 80% DBRCM (T5) based on a control ration contained 30% roasted soybean meal. The result showed that there was no statistical difference (P≥0.05) in performance index during the experimental period. The mean mortality was not influenced (P≥0.05) across the treatment groups. Birds fed T1 had the highest (P<0.05) and T5 the lowest (P<0.05) feed cost per kilogram feed. Feed cost per unit gain (Kg) was the highest (P<0.05) for T1 and the lowest (P<0.05) for T4 and T5. Total feed cost of the birds fed T1 was higher than those of the birds fed T5 diet. The highest (P<0.05) economic efficiency was observed for birds fed on T4 and T5. Based on this result, it could be concluded that 80% DBRCM can replace roasted soybean meal to achieve the highest economic efficiency, without affecting the performance index of broiler chicken.
Survey Article: The Nascent Political Philosophy of the European Polity

VER the past decade, that is, since the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, emphasis in the analysis of the European Union has shifted from understanding the process of European integration towards exploration of the specific features of the emerging European polity. 1 In terms of scholarly approaches, this shift has entailed a move from the field of international relations, with its focus on intergovernmentalism, towards institutional analysis, policy analysis and political theory, thus expressing the by now largely consensual view that the European Union (EU) can be analyzed as a polity in its own right, certainly a very complex one and possibly even one of an entirely new kind, but no longer merely a set of treaties between sovereign states. Within this rapidly increasing literature, questions of political theory have acquired salience, not least as a consequence of the widely debated theorem of the ‘democratic deficit’ of the European Union, that is, as an issue of normative political theory. 2 However, the increased awareness that the available register for conceptualizing polities by means of political theory and philosophy is largely inadequate for understanding the emerging European polity has hardly yet led to a full exploration of the two central questions that, in our view, need to be explicitly addressed: What is the contribution that political theory and philosophy have to make in understanding the European Union, and— possibly—in investigating the normative underpinning for that specific polity? And, inversely, what is the challenge for political theory and philosophy that the creation of a novel kind of polity such as the European Union entails? Most of the discussion in what follows will be devoted to the first of these questions. But since that discussion will be based on our own view about the answer to the second question, we need to give that answer, at least in broad terms. The creation of a
Too Sweet/Too Fatty Food Consumption: Determinants among Secondary School Pupils in the City of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Introduction: Nutrition, particularly when too sweet or too fatty, is a major determinant of chronic diseases. This study aims to determine the frequency and associate factors of the excessive consumption of sweet drinks and fried food among secondary school pupils. Methods: It is cross-sectional study which was conducted from March to April 2016 among 1st, 4th and 7th form pupils of public and private schools in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. Nutritional investigation methods consisted in a reminder of the last 24 hours associated with a questionnaire on food consumption frequency. Excessive consumption of sweet drinks was defined as a consumption of more than 3 sweet drinks (soda) or sugary juice per day (~33 cl × 3); and excessive consumption of fried food as a consumption of more than 1 intake of fried food per day. Results: In total, 1993 pupils were interviewed. The mean age was 17.5 ± 3.6 years and sex-ratio 0.7. Excessive consumption of sweet drinks and fried food was recorded in 12.7% (n = 253) and 28.2% (n = 561) of pupils, respectively. The factors associated with excessive consumption of sweet drinks were: sex/female, sedentarily, desire to gain weight, lean or normal corpulence of the mother and breakfast intake; those associated with excessive consumption of fried food were: sex/female, being in 1st or 4th form, physical exercise practice and breakfast intake. But the fact to attend a private secondary school, to have a mother of normal corpulence and a concordance between self-image and actual weight status, were protective against excessive consumption of fried foods. Conclusion: This study has displayed prominently the fact that eating too sweet and too fatty concerned respectively 1/10 and 3/10 of pupils in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. The main modifiable factors of these eating habits included the level of education, the composition of breakfast and the influence of mothers. An intervention program in the form of a Communication for Continuous Behavioral Change intended for pupils and their mothers could help to improve this situation.
Impact of Frequency of Testing on Study Habit and Achievement in Mathematics Among Secondary School Students in Ogun State, Nigeria

This study examined the impact of frequent of testing on study habits and achievement in mathematics among public secondary school students in Ogun State, Nigeria. Two out of the four research hypotheses postulated were accepted, whereas the remaining two were rejected. The findings showed that there were significant differences in the mean scores of students’ achievement in mathematics and study habits as a result of exposing students to varying test frequencies. In addition, the study revealed that gender is not a significant factor when planning to improve study habits and achievement in mathematics. On the basis of these findings, test frequency of every 2 weeks was recommended to improve students’ academic achievement in mathematics.
Investigation of discharge channel wall material influence on lifetime of hall effect thruster with high specific impulse

Results of 500-hour life tests of the 900-watt Hall-thruster laboratory model with the speci¦c impulse of 2000 s are presented. The thruster discharge channel walls were manufactured from 60% BN + 40% SiO2 and > 90% BN hot-pressed ceramics. The predicted total lifetime was ∼ 3000 h for both wall materials in spite of greater erosion resistance of pure BN in comparison with BN SiO2 mixture. To clarify the accompanying phenomena, the following diagnostics were carried out. The surface microstructure and composition insulators were investigated by means of electron microscopy and X-ray §uorescence analysis and nearwall plasma parameters were measured with §at Langmuir probes. The obtained distributions of plasma parameters were compared with the results of stationary one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic modeling of discharge channel.
EATING DISORDERS AS SEQUELAE OF FEXUAL ABUSE: A REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

The literature regarding the relationship between sexual abuse and eating disorders was reviewed. Overall, women with anorexia and bulimia seem to have similar to slightly higher incidences of childhood sexual abuse than has the general population. At the same times, rates of abuse among eating disordered women, including those who experienced adult sexual trauma, seem comparable to rates of abuse in the general psychiatric population. Other variables have been suggested as influencing the incidence of eating disorders subsequent to sexual abuse. Extrafamilial childhood sexual abuse and physical victimization, including rape and physical abuse, have been suggested as particularly related to bulimia. Parental lack of care and support has been identified as well as a common trait in eating disordered and abusive families. Conclusions are difficult to reach since few controlled studies have been conducted, and those with controls either covered a limited population or had limited statistical analysis. Without controlled studies, comparisons can only be made with percentage rates from different studies which almost invariably use different definitions of sexual abuse or eating disorders in obtaining their data. Such comparisons are therefore only speculative at best. To date the question of whether eating disorders and sexual abuse are related seems yet to be answered acceptably. (ABL) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** EATING DISORDERS AS SEQUELAE OF FEXUAL ABUSE: A REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE
Syddansk Universitet Simulation based Virtual Learning Environment in Medical Genetics Counseling An example of Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice in Medical Education Makransky,

Background: Simulation based learning environments are designed to improve the quality of medical education by allowing students to interact with patients, diagnostic laboratory procedures, and patient data in a virtual environment. However, few studies have evaluated whether simulation based learning environments increase students’ knowledge, intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy, and help them generalize from laboratory analyses to clinical practice and health decision-making. Methods: An entire class of 300 University of Copenhagen first-year undergraduate students, most with a major in medicine, received a 2-h training session in a simulation based learning environment. The main outcomes were preto postchanges in knowledge, intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy, together with post-intervention evaluation of the effect of the simulation on student understanding of everyday clinical practice were demonstrated. Results: Knowledge (Cohen’s d = 0.73), intrinsic motivation (d = 0.24), and self-efficacy (d = 0.46) significantly increased from the preto post-test. Low knowledge students showed the greatest increases in knowledge (d = 3.35) and selfefficacy (d = 0.61), but a non-significant increase in intrinsic motivation (d = 0.22). The medium and high knowledge students showed significant increases in knowledge (d = 1.45 and 0.36, respectively), motivation (d = 0.22 and 0.31), and self-efficacy (d = 0.36 and 0.52, respectively). Additionally, 90 % of students reported a greater understanding of medical genetics, 82 % thought that medical genetics was more interesting, 93 % indicated that they were more interested and motivated, and had gained confidence by having experienced working on a case story that resembled the real working situation of a doctor, and 78 % indicated that they would feel more confident counseling a patient after the simulation. Conclusions: The simulation based learning environment increased students’ learning, intrinsic motivation, and selfefficacy (although the strength of these effects differed depending on their pre-test knowledge), and increased the perceived relevance of medical educational activities. The results suggest that simulations can help future generations of doctors transfer new understanding of disease mechanisms gained in virtual laboratory settings into everyday clinical practice.
The Analysis of the Effects of Financial Distress on the Top Management in The Republic of Serbia / Analiza Uticaja Finansijskih Teškoća Na Top Menadžment U Republici Srbiji

Ova studija nastoji da ispita uticaj finansijskih teskoca na top menadžment i da identifikuje faktore koje uticu na promenu top menadžmenta u kompanijama koje su usvojile plan reorganizacije u stecaju u Republici Srbiji od 2009. do 2014. godine. Od 39 kompanija koje su usvojile plan reorganizacije, u 21 kompaniji je doslo do promene top menadžmenta nakon otvaranja stecajnog postupka ili dve godine po usvajanju plana reorganizacije. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na postojanje jake negativne korelacije između likvidnosti kompanije i verovatnoce promene top menadžmenta, dok uticaj ostalih posmatranih faktora na top menadžment nije statisticki znacajan.
Does a Seller Really Want Another Bidder

Jeremy I. Bulow and Paul D. Klemperer (AER, 1996) argue that the usual concerns of auction design miss the big picture, and show that a simple English auction without a reserve price and N + 1 bidders attains expected revenue in excess of any auction with N bidders. The issue of how this additional bidder might be attracted is not treated in their model. In fact, that an auction can convince another bidder it is worth his while to compete carries a critical message about expected revenue. In those many markets where potential bidders decide whether to compete in an auction based on the expected probability of bidding, Bulow and Klemperer's conclusion is shown here to be overturned. I explore the symmetric equilibrium of a model where potential bidders first decide whether to participate in an auction, and then participants select bidding strategies. Expected revenue is increased by some degree of bidder discouragement, in that it is never optimal to have all N potential bidders participate with probability one, even for very small N
An Empirical Analysis of the Prominent Roles of Taxations in the Synchronicity on Boost of Maritime Industry in Singapore

This research examines the causal nexuses of the taxations and financial elements in the synchronistic policy that Singapore has applied to radically boost its maritime and offshore fields to develop its economic growths (EGs) and make Singapore to be a remarkable country in the world in term of ships building volumes, the numbers of ship registries, and the numbers of deadweight in thousands tons arriving at ports nowadays. There are several factors relating to the EGs and increased numbers of vessels arriving at ports for instant those are the volumes of import and export merchandises, prices of petrochemical and refined oils, services, etc. In this research, it is aimed at decipher the real effectiveness, the interferences, and the prominent roles of corporate tax (TAX) when it is employed together with the domestic credit to private sector (CRE_X1), the real interest rate (RRATE_X2), and the listed stock companies (STOCK_CO) in one synchronous-financial model during the 1980-2014 period by using the co-integration and vector error correction models for Granger causality tests, and based on the empirical findings, policymakers could find some interesting issues to their developing plans, hopefully.
THE TIFF OVER TIF: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE EXAMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TAX INCREMENT FINANCING

California's recent decision to discontinue tax increment financing (TIF) after six decades of use has triggered a re-examination of its broader use. TIF typically allows the borrowing of funds for local economic development in a specified district, to be paid for by taxes collected in the future that are generated by the development. To put the findings of the previous literature into context and to make them more broadly informative, this paper reviews the empirical research, provides some descriptive national analysis of TIF adoption, and provides policy recommendations informed by the empirical findings and literature.
Effect of IBA, Kinetin, and Benzil Amino Purine on the Germination, Shoot Development, and Root Formation in Avocado Embryos Cultivated in vitro.

Summary Mature embryos of avocado seed (Persea americana Mill. var. americana R. Mexicana) were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with two cytokinins: Kinetin (K) and benzil amino purine (BA) alone or in combination with an auxin, indolbutyric acid (IBA). The explants were incubated at a temperature of 25 °C ± 2°C for 21 days in darkness and transferred to conditions of continuous light for seven days. The percentage of germination, and the number of shoots and roots increased when the explants were placed in a basic medium with 0.3 mg L -1 of IBA and 1.0 mg L -1 of K added; bud growth was better in the treatment with 1.0 mg L -1 of K and 1.0 mg L -1 of IBA. The length of the root was stimulated with the combinations of 0.01 and 0.3 mg L -1 of K with 0.3 and 1.0 mg L -1 of IBA. Negative effects of shoot growth were observed